Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Reference Evapotranspiration over Southwest China during 1960–2018: Attributions and Implications for Drought

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is important to the global energy balance and to hydrological cycling. However, the extent to which ET0 changes, the main driving factors, and especially the implications of its shift for drought in Southwest China are not clear. In this study, trends in Penman–Monteith ET0 and other climatic parameters at 79 stations in Southwest China from 1960 to 2018 were investigated by using the Mann–Kendall test. Furthermore, partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to determine the dominant climate driving factors in changes in ET0. The relative contribution of precipitation and ET0 to drought duration was also quantified based on spatial multiple linear regression. Results revealed that annual ET0 decreased significantly (p < 0.01) at a rate of 14.1 mm per decade from 1960 to 2000, and this decrease disappeared around 2000. For the entire study period, the sunshine duration (Tsun) was the most closely correlated with and played a dominant role in the variations in ET0 at both annual and seasonal (summer and autumn) timescales, whereas the relative humidity was the most dominant factor in the spring and winter. Trends in the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index revealed that drought has become more serious in Southwest China, and ET0 has made a greater contribution to the duration of drought than precipitation. Our findings highlight that more attention should be paid to the impacts of ET0 changes on drought in Southwest China. Furthermore, these results can provide a reference for the allocation of water resources and the implementation of countermeasures to climate change.
Mountain lakes of Mont Avic Natural Park: ecological features and conservation issues

Mountain lakes provide some fundamental ecosystem services (i.e., water supply for drinking and energy production) and have an enormous aesthetic and conservation value. Ecological knowledge on mountain lakes, however, is still scarce and limited to a few geographical areas and mainly to abiotic features. To fill this gap, a limnological campaign was carried out on 19 lakes of the Mont Avic Natural Park (Aosta, Western Italian Alps). Bathymetric maps of the lakes are provided in this paper, as is data on the lakes’ physical properties, chemistry, nano- and pico-plankton, zooplankton, littoral macroinvertebrates, amphibians and introduced fish. The aim of this study was to create a reference database of ecological data for the development of new studies and conservation measures/actions. To this end, ecological data are discussed from both a limnological and a conservation perspective, allowing for the identification of major threats affecting the lakes in the protected area. Despite local threats which include water exploitation, organic pollution, and introduced fish, water quality was good. Lake biota can however be affected by such threats, in particular introduced fish (Salmonidae and Cyprinidae), representing a challenging conservation problem.
Improving ethnic data collection for statistics of cancer incidence, management, mortality and survival in the UK

Background: • Ethnic record keeping and monitoring has been identified as being important for over the past 20 years and has often been associated with negative rather than positive reasons • There is an identified need for the collection of ethnicity in healthcare settings • There is an “Evidence desert” with few “best practice reports” • There have been recent initiatives to collect ethnicity through Hospital Admissions (e.g. Hospital Episode Statistics) and Primary Care Findings of this feasibility project: Systematic review: • There is a paucity of published evidence regarding methodology of ethnicity data collection or ethnicity profiling • Many clinical articles use ethnicity data in their analyses, health surveys or risk assessment of particular diseases, but often the data are of variable quality • Self assessed ethnicity is better than observer assessment • Official ethnicity categories need to be re-examined and modified to represent new migration patterns Professional perception: • Lack of consistency at different levels of organisations • No clear rationale for collection/use of data • Data collected without training or explanation of its use • Not enough resources for ‘research data’ in general, without adding ethnicity Focus groups perception: • No objections to providing data in a healthcare setting • Willingness to engage in research • Lack of information as to the use of the data Groups actively looking at how to collect and use ethnicity data • South Thames registry looking at cancer rates for South Asians • Healthy Londoners’ project and London Public Health Observatory initiatives • Census categories extended to capture ‘British Born’ groups • Specialist libraries and JISC-mail electronic discussion groups already set up Recommendations – need for better training and information • Need training materials/workshops to raise awareness - Patients- why your doctor should know your ethnic group? - Professionals- how to ask and explain the importance of ethnicity data collection? • Work towards a culture of routine data collection of ethnicity at GP level • Need working groups to assess collection, completeness and validation • Need more reporting of ethnicity data in the healthcare setting, in order to improve planning and delivery of services for ethnic minority groups
Subclinical Mastitis Survey on Milk Composition in Dairy Sheep in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland, characterized by the changes in the physical characteristics of the udder or milk. A cross sectional study was carried out in June, 2017 to December, 2018 to estimate the effect of subclinical mastitis (SCM) on milk composition in dairy sheeps in Kafri city of Kurdistan region of Iraq. Milk samples were gathered from residences of 295 sheeps with subclinical mastitis (California mastitis test (CMT) positive and somatic cell counts (SCC) >600,000 cells/ml in individual quarter foremilk), as well as from 50 healthy controls. Contrasted to the levels watched in milk from healthy quarters, milk from quarters with subclinical mastitis exhibited raised high chloride (>0.12 in contrast with <0.12 g/dl), pH (5.65 in comparison to 5.57), sodium (86.87 vs 47.81 mg/dl), albumin (4.52 in contrast with 1.75 g/dl), immunoglobulins (24.66% in comparison to 5.73%) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (1344.14 vs 449.84 IU/L). In compare, reduced values were discovered for potassium (147.47 in comparison to 161.34 mg/dl), inorganic phosphorous (19.42 in comparison to 26.48 mg/dl), calcium (86.35 vs 121.12 mg/dl), β-lactoglobulin (30.22% in comparison to 52.18%) and αlactalbumin (19.15% vs 24.52%). In this study, no changes were seen in blood serum LDH activity. Moreover, an increase in positive Original Research Article Hussein; AJAAR, 11(4): 1-7, 2019; Article no.AJAAR. 51514 2 response to CMT was found to be accompanied by an almost proportionate increase in immunoglobulin values to 44.32% and reduce of α-lactalbumin levels in milk serum (p<0.01). These alterations in LDH activity, pH, mineral concentrations and protein fractions in milk of quarters display the presence of tissue injury provoked by SCM. Therefore, these parameters can be used in the diagnosis of mastitis. The current study revealed that changes of the foremilk chemical composition are connected to the subclinical mastitis; and that mastitis progression of quarters (CMT scores) influenced protein fractions in milk.
Determination Of The Sacred Space Uluwatu Temple With The Gis Approach

Bali Provincial Regulation No. 16 of 2009 on Spatial Planning for Bali regulates the radius sacred space of the Uluwatu Temple as far as 5 km. This is contrary to the social and cultural realities of the Pecatu village community. In reality, a radius of 5 km is not possible to be designated as an space that is not built because the people of Pecatu Village have had customary law rules that existed before Bali Provincial Regulation No. 16 of 2009 on Spatial Planning for Bali was established. Indigenous people have the belief that the Uluwatu Temple's sacred space is the Uluwatu Temple forest. There was a conflict between the state law and the customary law of the Pecatu Village community. This research is an empirical legal research using a multidisciplinary approach where the application of law is juxtaposed with the use of a geographical information system (GIS) to determine the reality of the development of the sacred space of the Uluwatu Temple. This research raises two issues, namely the reality of the law governing the sacred space of the Uluwatu Temple, and the results of mapping the sacred space of Uluwatu Temple by using a geographical information system (GIS). The results showed that not only the state law was in the form ofBali Provincial Regulation No. 16 of 2009 on Spatial Planning for Bali, but there were also customary laws of the Pecatu Village community which regulated the space of the temple of Uluwatu Temple. In reality, based on the results of mapping the built space in the space of the sacred space of Uluwatu Temple, it shows that the rules of the indigenous people of Pecatu Village who have a perception that the sacred space of Uluwatu Temple is the Uluwatu Temple forest is more acceptable because the space has not been built either in the form of residential or tourism accommodation. Index Terms
Stability of ultra-high temperature treated milk

The composition and properties of raw milk are important for the stability of dairy products, especially for products with long shelf-life, e.g. ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk. In the UHT process, milk is subjected to temperatures above 135 °C for a few seconds, resulting in a product that can be stored for several months at ambient temperature. This thesis investigated how natural variations in the composition and properties of raw milk affected the stability of UHT milk during long-term storage at different temperatures. For this purpose, samples of unprocessed raw milk as well as the resulting UHT milk were obtained every month for one year from a commercial dairy plant. Additionally, in a full factorial experiment, milk was modified with respect to levels of calcium, citrate and urea to investigate the effect on the stability of the resulting UHT milk. The quality traits analysed in the raw milk included composition, bacterial counts, enzymatic activity, colour and measures of stability, i.e. heat coagulation time (HCT) and alcohol test. During storage of UHT milk, sensory attributes and stability measures were analysed. Multivariate statistics was used to identify batches of milk showing similarities with respect to total variation. There were only small natural variations in the composition and properties of raw milk. Elevated calcium content, and associated decrease in pH, had a strong negative effect on the stability of UHT milk. Higher concentrations of citrate and urea in milk did not affect the stability compared with unmodified reference UHT milk. Storage temperature correlated with colour and pH, whereas storage time correlated with creaming, sedimentation and HCT. Cold (4 °C) or ambient (20 °C) storage gave the longest shelf-life, limited by sedimentation and deviating taste. In UHT milk stored at 30 or 37 °C, the shelf-life was limited by several parameters, including colour, taste and sedimentation. Changes in the stability of UHT milk during storage are suggested to be explained by known mechanism Knowledge of how the composition and properties of raw milk affect the stability of the resulting product can aid the dairy industry to more accurately predict the shelf-life of UHT milk. Better understanding of how storage conditions affect the shelf-life of UHT milk can provide useful guidance to consumers on appropriate storage temperature.
Disentangling Economic News Effects: The Impact of Tone, Uncertainty, and Issue on Public Opinion

This study examines the effects of economic news on people’s self-reported interest and their evaluations of the national economy while distinguishing among the tone of the content, the level of uncertainty with which economic information is presented, and the issues covered in the news. Analyses of experimental data ( N = 2,168) show that negative news about inflation is consumed with the most interest. Also, the negative effect of bad economic news on people’s economic evaluations is strongest among news consumers who are most interested in the news. The results challenge conventional wisdom about the moderating role of issue obtrusiveness in media effects research. Furthermore, the focus on interactions reveals that typical economic news features shape public opinion not only in isolation and but even more so when their impacts are combined.
Future Changes in Age Structure and Different Migration Scenarios

We analyze migration and demographic changes among the six countries of North America (NA) and the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA, i.e. Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador). Together, they comprise a long-standing South-North migration stream, with the United States (US) and Canada being the main destinations for Mexico and the NTCA. Studies that analyze the demographic effects of international migration in origin and destination countries have been limited. In order to fill this gap and explain the implications of recent changes in migration trends and demographic dynamics of the six countries, we study the interrelationship between future changes in the age structure associated with different migration scenarios. We use data from the United Nations World Population Prospects 2017 to compare the main demographic indexes and age structure indicators under two prospective scenarios: with and without migration. Current and projected population dynamics suggest convergence in fertility below replacement levels, higher life expectancy, and an overall aging process in the NA-NTCA region. Future migration may slow down the aging process in Canada and the US, have a small effect in Mexico, and speed it up in El Salvador. Taking both the size of the populations and the decrease in young age groups for the main sending countries we have studied, it is unlikely that international migration to the US from Mexico and the NTCA will reach the historic peak observed during the first decade of the 21st century.
"Risk-Taking Behavior of European Family Firms: A Comparison of Family Firms versus Non-Family Firms and their Level of Risk-Taking "

Differences in risk-taking behavior were examined between two type of firms, family firms and non-family firms. From a sample of 236 publicly listed European firms, we use data of the year 2018. The study shows that family firms take less risks in comparison to nonfamily firms, since the intangible quality “familiness” is of great importance. Different levels of family involvement have been investigated and overall, the main findings suggest that the family involvement is most powerful when majority of the shares are held by the family and the CEO is a family member. In addition, the study found support for several characteristics moderating the relationship between the family and risk-taking behavior, such as firm growth, firm performance, and the level of diversification. These characteristics typically distinguish family and non-family firms from each other.
Validating a Home Numeracy Questionnaire in Ecuador Using Factor Analysis

The home numeracy questionnaire (HNQ) developed by LeFevre et al. (2009) is a self-report instrument to assess the home numeracy of young children. In this questionnaire, young children’s parents have to indicate how often their child participates both in direct (e.g., counting down: 10, 9, 8, …) and indirect numeracy activities (e.g., playing board games with die or spinner). Based on a principal component analysis, LeFevre and colleagues found a four factor structure of the HNQ. Using a sample of 176 Ecuadorian parents, we investigated the validity and reliability of the HNQ in a developing country. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that, with minor changes to the model, the same four factor model could be found as by LeFevre et al. (2009). This study not only confirmed the validity and reliability of the HNQ, but also showed its usefulness for investigating young children’s home numeracy beyond developed countries
Optimising cycle frequency : the effects of imposed cycle frequency training on the coordination and performance of skilled age-group swimmers

Purpose: Underwater undulatory swimming (UUS) is a fundamental skill incorporated during the starts and turns of three of the four competitive swimming strokes. Significant competitive advantage can be gained if UUS performance is optimised. The cycle frequency adopted during UUS in both animal and human swimmers have been extensively studied and it has been shown to have a strong relationship with the UUS velocity (U) achieved. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the changes in performance and coordination in UUS which occur as a consequence of training at an imposed cycle frequency (identical to preferred) in skilled age -group swimmers (Study 3). To achieve the stated purpose, the reliability (systematic bias, within -subject variation and test -retest reliability) of the kinematic variables commonly used to describe and analyse UUS were established (Study 1). Once reliability was determined, the key kinematic performance and coordination variables in relation to the production of maximum U were identified (Study 2) to enable the key measures of performance and coordination to be monitored in response to a training perturbation (imposition of a cycle frequency) in the final study. Methods: Measures of systematic bias, withinsubject (WS) variation and inter -class correlation (ICC) of nineteen kinematic variables were determined over four sessions. This was undertaken to establish the requirement of any familiarisation training, number of cycles of data required to provide an accurate representation of each variable when reporting a mean value, and the related variability associated when reporting mean values based on a set number of data cycles (Study 1). Backward elimination ANCOVA statistical models with participant as a fixed -factor were employed to establish which of the performance and coordination variables
trans-Dichlorodipyridinepalladium(II)

In the structure of the title compound, [PdCl2(C5H5N)2], determined at 150 K, the Pd atom is located on an inversion centre. The structure is a polymorph of a previously reported structure [Viossat et al. (1993). Acta Cryst. C49, 84–85].
Impact of multiple children on parental supervision practices, parental developmental competence, and unintentional injury risk

Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in the United States. The effects of injury on children, families and society encompass physical, mental, emotional, and financial consequences. The highest injury rates are among preschool age children, a particularly injury vulnerable population. Injuries are even more frequent for preschool children who have siblings. Child injury prevention strategies can reduce the rates of childhood unintentional injuries and minimize the burdens to children, families, and society created by these injuries. To design and implement effective child injury prevention strategies, further investigation is needed to understand the relationship between the variables influencing the occurrence of child injuries. The specific aim of this study was to describe relationships between the injury variables of sibling presence, parental supervisory beliefs and practices, parental developmental competence and implementation of home safety modifications. This descriptive study included 130 parents of preschool children between the ages of 30 months and 59 months. Parents completed a self-report questionnaire collecting data regarding parent developmental competence, beliefs about supervision, supervisory attributes, home modification behaviors, child injury history, and child and parent demographic information. Based on higher child injury rates within multiple child families, it was hypothesized that significant relationships existed between the presence of siblings and parental developmental competence, parent supervisory beliefs and behaviors, and home modification behaviors. Analysis of the questionnaire data revealed no significant relationships between the presence of a sibling and parental developmental competence, beliefs about supervision, supervisory attributes, and home modification behaviors. Impact of multiple children on preschool injury risk Taylor, Jennifer, 2011, UMSL, p. v The lack of significant relationships between the study variables suggests that the causes posited for the increased rates of child injury in multiple child families are not significant contributors to the increase in injury risk. The lack of demographic variability in the study could be a contributing factor to the non-significant results. Further research is needed to sample a more diverse population and investigate the injury variables impacting higher injury rates among children. The most important finding of this study is the overwhelming lack of parental developmental competence which will be investigated further for a relationship to injury risk among all preschool age children. Effective injury prevention strategies for this vulnerable population depend on an evidenced based understanding of child injury variables and parent education aimed at decreasing child injury risks. Impact of multiple children on preschool injury risk Taylor, Jennifer, 2011, UMSL, p. vi
Phenyl(1-phenylsulfonyl-1H-indol-2-yl)methanone

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C21H15NO3S, contains two crystallographically independent molecules. As a result of the electron-withdrawing character of the phenylsulfonyl groups, the N—Csp 2 bond lengths are slightly longer than the anticipated value of approximately 1.35 Å for N atoms with planar configurations. Both unique S atoms have a distorted tetrahedral configuration. In each molecule, the indole ring system is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviations for all non-H atoms of 0.020 and 0.023 Å). In one molecule, the indole ring system makes dihedral angles of 65.7 (8) and 73.4 (8)°, respectively, with the benzene and phenyl rings [62.2 (7) and 72.1 (7)°, respectively, in the other molecule].
Factors Associated With The Prevalence Of Vulvar Myiasis Infection In Rural Nursing Mothers Of The Niger Delta, Nigeria.

The study is the first report on vulva myiasis and sources of its infection in Nigeria. It investigated factors that are associated with vulva myiasis in different groups of rural women in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. About 3.8% of 1000 rural women examined showed the symptoms and disease occurrences. About 2.7% of rural women of child-bearing age also were infected. Flies of the family Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae were associated with vulvar myiasis in the Niger Delta of Nigeria and they includeCordylobiaanthropophaga, SarcophagavilosaandLuciliasericata. Sources of vulvar infection were from types of sanitary options used by the three categories of rural women identified in the study; the nursing mothers (NM); women of child-bearing age (CBW); women in menopause (MPW, the group did not use any sanitary options) and teenage girls (TNG). The larvae of the aforementioned flies deposited their eggs on recycled pieces of cloths, sanitary pads an which the rural women used during their menses. Types of sanitary options available to the women affected their susceptibility to female myiasis agents. Details of percentage infection and parts infected are presented.