Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Analytical Modal Analysis of a Crankshaft

The paper presents the experimental and analytical modal analysis of a crankshaft. The effective material and geometrical properties are measured, and the dynamic behavior is investigated through impact testing. The three-dimensional finite element models are constructed and an analytical modal analysis is thenperformed to generate natural frequencies and mode shapes in the three-orthogonal directions. The finite element modelagrees well with the experimental tests and can serve as a baseline model of the crankshaft.
CDYL reinforces male gonadal sex determination through epigenetically repressing Wnt4 transcription in mice

Significance Sex determination is the fate decision by which bipotential gonads develop into either testes or ovaries. Sex determination relies on a balance of expression levels of testis- and ovary-promoting genes; however, the mechanisms that tune this balance are not fully understood. We found that the epigenetic regulator, CDYL (Chromodomain Y-like protein), is involved in this process. CDYL indirectly reinforces the expression of the testis-promoting gene Sox9 by directly binding to and repressing the ovary-promoting gene Wnt4.
Skeletal muscle delimited myopathy and verapamil toxicity in SUR2 mutant mouse models of AIMS

ABCC9‐related intellectual disability and myopathy syndrome (AIMS) arises from loss‐of‐function (LoF) mutations in the ABCC9 gene, which encodes the SUR2 subunit of ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. KATP channels are found throughout the cardiovascular system and skeletal muscle and couple cellular metabolism to excitability. AIMS individuals show fatigability, muscle spasms, and cardiac dysfunction. We found reduced exercise performance in mouse models of AIMS harboring premature stop codons in ABCC9. Given the roles of KATP channels in all muscles, we sought to determine how myopathy arises using tissue‐selective suppression of KATP and found that LoF in skeletal muscle, specifically, underlies myopathy. In isolated muscle, SUR2 LoF results in abnormal generation of unstimulated forces, potentially explaining painful spasms in AIMS. We sought to determine whether excessive Ca2+ influx through CaV1.1 channels was responsible for myopathology but found that the Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil unexpectedly resulted in premature death of AIMS mice and that rendering CaV1.1 channels nonpermeable by mutation failed to reverse pathology; results which caution against the use of calcium channel blockers in AIMS.
Questionnaire and structural imaging data accurately predict headache improvement in patients with acute post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury

Background Our prior work demonstrated that questionnaires assessing psychosocial symptoms have utility for predicting improvement in patients with acute post-traumatic headache following mild traumatic brain injury. In this cohort study, we aimed to determine whether prediction accuracy can be refined by adding structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain measures to the model. Methods Adults with acute post-traumatic headache (enrolled 0–59 days post-mild traumatic brain injury) underwent T1-weighted brain MRI and completed three questionnaires (Sports Concussion Assessment Tool, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale). Individuals with post-traumatic headache completed an electronic headache diary allowing for determination of headache improvement at three- and at six-month follow-up. Questionnaire and MRI measures were used to train prediction models of headache improvement and headache trajectory. Results Forty-three patients with post-traumatic headache (mean age = 43.0, SD = 12.4; 27 females/16 males) and 61 healthy controls were enrolled (mean age = 39.1, SD = 12.8; 39 females/22 males). The best model achieved cross-validation Area Under the Curve of 0.801 and 0.805 for predicting headache improvement at three and at six months. The top contributing MRI features for the prediction included curvature and thickness of superior, middle, and inferior temporal, fusiform, inferior parietal, and lateral occipital regions. Patients with post-traumatic headache who did not improve by three months had less thickness and higher curvature measures and notably greater baseline differences in brain structure vs. healthy controls (thickness: p < 0.001, curvature: p = 0.012) than those who had headache improvement. Conclusions A model including clinical questionnaire data and measures of brain structure accurately predicted headache improvement in patients with post-traumatic headache and achieved improvement compared to a model developed using questionnaire data alone.
Universality in RNA and DNA deformations induced by salt, temperature change, stretching force, and protein binding

Significance DNA and RNA deformations play crucial roles in biological processes, such as DNA packaging and nucleic acid recognition by proteins. The relevant understanding is limited due to the challenge in the precise measurement of nucleic acid deformations and the complexity of nucleic acid interactions. We solve these two issues using experiments, simulations, and theory. Magnetic tweezers experiments provide an excellent opportunity to precisely measure DNA and RNA twist changes induced by salt, temperature change, and stretching. Surprisingly, our simulations and theory find that common deformation pathways drive DNA and RNA deformations induced by different stimuli. Furthermore, the common deformation pathways appear to be utilized by protein binding to reduce the energy cost of DNA and RNA deformations.
The chronic stress risk phenotype mirrored in the human retina as a neurodegenerative condition

Abstract The brain is the key organ that orchestrates the stress response which translates to the retina. The retina is an extension of the brain and retinal symptoms in subjects with neurodegenerative diseases substantiated the eye as a window to the brain. The retina is used in this study to determine whether chronic stress reflects neurodegenerative signs indicative of neurodegenerative conditions. A three-year prospective cohort (n = 333; aged 46 ± 9 years) was stratified into stress-phenotype cases (n = 212) and controls (n = 121) by applying the Malan stress-phenotype index. Neurodegenerative risk markers included ischemia (astrocytic S100 calcium-binding protein B/S100B); 24-h blood pressure, proteomics; inflammation (tumor-necrosis-factor-α/TNF-α); neuronal damage (neuron-specific-enolase); anti-apoptosis of retinal-ganglion-cells (beta-nerve-growth-factor), astrocytic activity (glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein); hematocrit (viscosity) and retinal follow-up data [vessels; stress-optic-neuropathy]. Stress-optic-neuropathy risk was calculated from two indices: a newly derived diastolic-ocular-perfusion-pressure cut-point ≥68 mmHg relating to the stress-phenotype; combined with an established cup-to-disk ratio cut-point ≥0.3. Higher stress-optic-neuropathy (39% vs. 17%) and hypertension (73% vs. 16%) prevalence was observed in the stress-phenotype cases vs. controls. Elevated diastolic-ocular-perfusion-pressure, indicating hypoperfusion, was related to arterial narrowing and trend for ischemia increases in the stress-phenotype. Ischemia in the stress-phenotype at baseline, follow-up and three-year changes was related to consistent inflammation (TNF-α and cytokine-interleukin-17-receptor-A), neuron-specific-enolase increases, consistent apoptosis (chitinase-3-like protein 1, low beta-nerve-growth-factor), glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein decreases, elevated viscosity, vein widening as risk marker of endothelial dysfunction in the blood-retinal barrier, lower vein count, and elevated stress-optic-neuropathy. The stress-phenotype and related neurodegenerative signs of ongoing brain ischemia, apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction compromised blood–retinal barrier permeability and optic nerve integrity. In fact, the stress-phenotype could identify persons at high risk of neurodegeneration to indicate a neurodegenerative condition. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Superior capsular reconstruction: current evidence and limits

The treatment of rotator cuff tears (RCTs) has evolved. Nonsurgical treatment is adequate for many patients; however, for those for whom surgical treatment is indicated, rotator cuff repair provides reliable pain relief and good functional results. However, massive and irreparable RCTs are a significant challenge for both patients and surgeons. Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) has become increasingly popular in recent years. It works by passively restoring the superior restriction of the humeral head, thus restoring the pair of forces and improving the kinematics of the glenohumeral joint. Early clinical results using fascia lata (FL) autograft were promising in terms of pain relief and function. The procedure has evolved, and some authors have suggested that FL autografts could be replaced by other methods. However, surgical techniques for SCR are highly variable, and patient indications remain undefined. There are concerns that the available scientific evidence does not support the popularity of the procedure. This review aimed to critically evaluate the biomechanics, indications, procedural considerations, and clinical outcomes associated with the SCR procedure.
The role of visual and auditory information in social event segmentation

Humans organise their social worlds into social and nonsocial events. Social event segmentation refers to the ability to parse the environmental content into social and nonsocial events or units. Here, we investigated the role that perceptual information from visual and auditory modalities, in isolation and in conjunction, played in social event segmentation. Participants viewed a video clip depicting an interaction between two actors and marked the boundaries of social and nonsocial events. Depending on the condition, the clip at first contained only auditory or only visual information. Then, the clip was shown containing both auditory and visual information. Higher overall group consensus and response consistency in parsing the clip was found for social segmentation and when both auditory and visual information was available. Presenting the clip in the visual domain only benefitted group agreement in social segmentation while the inclusion of auditory information (under the audiovisual condition) also improved response consistency in nonsocial segmentation. Thus, social segmentation utilises information from the visual modality, with the auditory cues contributing under ambiguous or uncertain conditions and during segmentation of nonsocial content.
Tripartite Feature Enhanced Pyramid Network for Dense Prediction

Learning pyramidal feature representations is important for many dense prediction tasks (e.g., object detection, semantic segmentation) that demand multi-scale visual understanding. Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) is a well-known architecture for multi-scale feature learning, however, intrinsic weaknesses in feature extraction and fusion impede the production of informative features. This work addresses the weaknesses of FPN through a novel tripartite feature enhanced pyramid network (TFPN), with three distinct and effective designs. First, we develop a feature reference module with lateral connections to adaptively extract bottom-up features with richer details for feature pyramid construction. Second, we design a feature calibration module between adjacent layers that calibrates the upsampled features to be spatially aligned, allowing for feature fusion with accurate correspondences. Third, we introduce a feature feedback module in FPN, which creates a communication channel from the feature pyramid back to the bottom-up backbone and doubles the encoding capacity, enabling the entire architecture to generate incrementally more powerful representations. The TFPN is extensively evaluated over four popular dense prediction tasks, i.e., object detection, instance segmentation, panoptic segmentation, and semantic segmentation. The results demonstrate that TFPN consistently and significantly outperforms the vanilla FPN. Our code is available at https://github.com/jamesliang819.
Applying relativistic electrodynamics to a rotating material medium

We apply relativistic electrodynamics to a rotating linear medium. Covariant field equations are used to derive general field equations in a rotating coordinate system. We argue that the relation between fields in the presence of matter and those in a vacuum is necessarily dependent upon the coordinate system used. Constitutive equations are then derived in the rotating and laboratory reference frames. We find that our constitutive equations in the laboratory frame agree with Minkowski’s constitutive equations, derived on the basis of special relativity in 1908. Thus we conclude that special relativity can be used in the analysis of experiments involving rotational motion. To exemplify the use of special relativity, we derive an experimentally observed result of a 1913 experiment performed by Wilson and Wilson in which a polarizable, permeable cylinder was rotated in a uniform, axially directed magnetic field.
Impact of Vedolizumab on Extraintestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From a Descriptive, Retrospective, Real-world Study

Abstract Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, may develop extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs). The EMOTIVE study aimed to analyze the effect of vedolizumab on EIMs in a real-world cohort of patients with IBD. Methods This multicenter, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted in Belgium, Denmark, Israel, the Netherlands, and Switzerland in adults with moderately to severely active IBD and concurrent active EIMs at vedolizumab initiation (index date), with a ≥6-month follow-up after the index date. The primary endpoint was resolution of all EIMs within 6 months of vedolizumab initiation. Results In 99 eligible patients, the most frequent EIMs were arthralgia (69.7%), peripheral spondyloarthritis (21.2%), and axial spondyloarthritis (10.1%). Within 6 and 12 months of vedolizumab initiation, 19.2% and 25.3% of patients reported resolution of all EIMs, while 36.5% and 49.5% of all EIMs were reported to be improved (combination of resolution and partial response), respectively. Vedolizumab treatment persistence at 12 months was 82.8%. Adverse events were reported in 18.2% of patients, with the most frequent being arthralgia (4.0%). Conclusions This real-world study showed resolution of all EIMs in up to one-fourth of patients with IBD and improvement in up to half of EIMs within 12 months of vedolizumab treatment. Overall, vedolizumab was effective on EIMs in patients with IBD and showed a good safety profile.
Defining hippocampal area CA2 in the fox (Vulpes vulpes) brain

Since 1959, the Russian Farm‐Fox study has bred foxes to be either tame or, more recently, aggressive, and scientists have used them to gain insight into the brain structures associated with these behavioral features. In mice, hippocampal area CA2 has emerged as one of the essential regulators of social aggression, and so to eventually determine whether we could identify differences in CA2 between tame and aggressive foxes, we first sought to identify CA2 in foxes (Vulpes vulpes). As no clearly defined area of CA2 has been described in species such as cats, dogs, or pigs, it was not at all clear whether CA2 could be identified in foxes. In this study, we cut sections of temporal lobes from male and female red foxes, perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus, and stained them with markers of CA2 pyramidal cells commonly used in tissue from rats and mice. We observed that antibodies against Purkinje cell protein 4 best stained the pyramidal cells in the area spanning the end of the mossy fibers and the beginning of the pyramidal cells lacking mossy fibers, resembling the pattern seen in rats and mice. Our findings indicate that foxes do have a “molecularly defined” CA2, and further, they suggest that other carnivores like dogs and cats might as well. With this being the case, these foxes could be useful in future studies looking at CA2 as it relates to aggression.
Daytime naps improve afternoon power and perceptual measures in elite rugby union athletes—a randomized cross-over trial

Abstract Daytime naps are used by elite athletes in both training and match-day settings. Currently, there are limited interventional studies on the efficacy of napping on physical performance in elite team-sport athletes. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the effect of a daytime nap (<1 hour) on afternoon performance of peak power, reaction time, self-reported wellness, and aerobic performance in professional rugby union athletes. A randomized cross-over design was carried out among 15 professional rugby union athletes. Athletes performed nap (NAP) and no nap (CON) conditions on two occasions, separated by 1 week. Baseline testing of reaction time, self-reported wellness, and a 6-second peak power test on a cycle ergometer were completed in the morning, followed by 2 × 45-minute training sessions, after which athletes completed the NAP or CON condition at 1200 hours. Following the nap period, baseline measures were retested in addition to a 30-minute fixed-intensity interval cycle and a 4-minute maximal effort cycling test. A significant group × time interaction was determined for 6-second peak power output (+157.6 W, p < 0.01, d = 1.53), perceived fatigue (−0.2 AU, p = 0.01, d = 0.37), and muscle soreness (−0.1 AU, p = 0.04, d = 0.75) in favor of the NAP condition. A significantly lower perceived exertion rating (−1.2 AU, p < 0.01, d = 1.72) was recorded for the fixed-intensity session in favor of NAP. This study highlights that utilizing daytime naps between training sessions on the same day improved afternoon peak power and lowered perceptions of fatigue, soreness, and exertion during afternoon training in professional rugby union athletes.
The Teton-Yellowstone Tornado of 21 July 1987

Abstract The Teton-Yellowstone Tornado, rated F4, crossed the Continental Divide at 3070 m, leaving behind a damage swath 39.2-km long and 2.5-km wide. A detailed damage analysis by using stereo-pair and color photos revealed the existence of four spinup swirl marks and 72 microburst outflows inside the damage area. The tornado was spawned by a mesocyclone that formed at the intersection of a mesohigh boundary and a warm front. The parent cloud of the tornado, tracked on eight infrared-temperature maps from GOES East and West, moved at 25 m s−1 and the number of cold temperature pixels below –60°C reached a distinct peak during the tornado time. Identified and tracked also are two warm spots enclosed inside the cold anvil cloud. On the basis of their identity and movement, an attempt was made to explain the cause of thew spots as being the stratosphere cirrus clouds.
Combined nanomechanical and nanomagnetic analysis of magnetoelectric memories

Magneto-electro-elastic and multiferroic materials can be combined in appealing nanostructures characterized by the coexistence and coupling of electric, magnetic, and mechanical phases with potential applications in novel multifunctional devices. Here, we derive a theory for nonvolatile room-temperature memory elements composed of magnetostrictive nanoparticles embedded in a piezoelectric matrix: two stable orthogonal magnetization states are obtained by the competition of anisotropy and external magnetic polarization. The innovative nontoggle switching between the states is modeled by a thorough combination of the nanomechanical Eshelby approach with the nanomagnetic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert formalism, yielding a robust picture of the dynamical behavior and allowing the improvement of the energetic efficiency.
From the Destruction of Two Lumbar Segments to Thoracic‐Lumbar‐Pelvic Fusion: A Case Caused by Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis and Literature Review

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) with Charcot arthropathy is a rare combination in orthopaedic clinical practice. The experience dealing with such patients is limited. Here with this case of approximately 10 years follow‐up, we wish to shed light on the choices of strategies of surgeries and alerting clinicians with post‐surgery complications. The possible underlying reasons for the recurrent Charcot arthropathies as well as strategies for peri‐operative management for such surgical cases are also discussed.
Chinese Tourists in Taiwan: Motivation and Satisfaction

The research aims to examine Chinese tourists’ motivation, travel characteristics and satisfaction in Taiwan. We investigated 335 Chinese tourists visiting Taiwan during December 2011 and January 2012, and the demographic background of respondents comply with the general structure of whole Chinese outbound tourists. The results showed that main motivation are releasing tension, exploring culture and sharing travel experience. Chinese tourists were most interested in sightseeing with coastal landscape, followed by historical monument. It also found Chinese tourist were most satisfied with transportation, including driver quality, safety and comfortable service. This study found some policy implication in attracting Chinese outbound tourist for international tourism market. We suggested that the marketing policies of continue attracting, may include to emphasis the overseas Chinese culture for heterogeneous experience, to develop the shopping district around the hotel for shopping hobby and to explore various goods and diversity Chinese food under reasonable price. To shed light on Chinese outbound tourists in general, there is a need for more research on the motivation from the dimensions of heritage of Chinese culture. This study provides an understanding of different dimensions of Chinese outbound tourists for Asian economies.
Molecular docking and antimalarial evaluation of hybrid para-aminobenzoic acid 1,3,5 triazine derivatives via inhibition of Pf-DHFR

Abstract In this study, a structurally guided pharmacophore hybridization strategy is used to combine the two key structural scaffolds, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and 1,3,5 triazine in search of new series of antimalarial agents. A combinatorial library of 100 compounds was prepared in five different series as [4A (1–22), 4B (1–21), 4 C (1–20), 4D (1–19) and 4E (1–18)] using different primary and secondary amines, from where 10 compounds were finally screened out through molecular property filter analysis and molecular docking study as promising PABA substituted 1,3,5-triazine scaffold as an antimalarial agent. The docking results showed that compounds 4A12 and 4A20 exhibited good binding interaction with Phe58, IIe164, Ser111, Arg122, Asp54 (−424.19 to −360.34 kcal/mol) and Arg122, Phe116, Ser111, Phe58 (−506.29 to −431.75 kcal/mol) against wild (1J3I) and quadruple mutant (1J3K) type of Pf-DHFR. These compounds were synthesized by conventional as well as microwave-assisted synthesis and characterized by different spectroscopic methods. In-vitro antimalarial activity results indicated that two compounds 4A12 and 4A20 showed promising antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 (1.24–4.77 μg mL−1) and (2.11–3.60 μg mL−1). These hybrid PABA substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives might be used in the lead discovery towards a new class of Pf-DHFR inhibitors. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma