Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A serial mediation model of workplace social support on work productivity: the role of self-stigma and job tenure self-efficacy in people with severe mental disorders

Purpose. Compared to other disabilities, people with a severe mental illness face the greatest stigma and barriers to employment opportunities. This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between workplace social support and work productivity in people with severe mental illness working in Social Enterprises (SE) by taking into account the mediating role of self-stigma and job tenure self-efficacy. Methods. 170 individuals with a severe mental disorder employed in a SE filled out questionnaires assessing personal and work related variables at Phase 1 (baseline) and Phase 2 (6 month follow-up). Process modeling was used to test for serial mediation. Results. In the SE workplace, social support yields better perceptions of work productivity through lower levels of internalized stigma and higher confidence in facing job-related problems. When testing serial multiple mediations, the specific indirect effect of high workplace social support on work productivity through both low internalized stigma and high job tenure self-efficacy was significant with a point estimate of 1.01 (95% CI = .42, 2.28). Conclusion. Continued work in this area can provide guidance for organizations in the open labor market addressing the challenges posed by the work integration of people with severe mental illness.
Impact of Contract Farming on Income Linking Small Farmers, Packers, and Supermarkets in China Impact of Contract Farming on Income Linking Small Farmers, Packers, and Supermarkets in China

The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) was established in 1975. IFPRI is one of 15 agricultural research centers that receive principal funding from governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations, most of which are members of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Notices 1 Effective January 2007, the Discussion Paper series within each division and the Director General's Office of IFPRI were merged into one IFPRI–wide Discussion Paper series. The new series begins with number 00689, reflecting the prior publication of 688 discussion papers within the dispersed series. The earlier series are available on IFPRI's website at www.ifpri. org/pubs/otherpubs.htm#dp. 2 IFPRI Discussion Papers contain preliminary material and research results. They have not been subject to formal external reviews managed by IFPRI's Publications Review Committee but have been reviewed by at least one internal and/or external reviewer. They are circulated in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. Sections of this material may be reproduced for personal and not-for-profit use without the express written permission of but with acknowledgment to IFPRI. To reproduce the material contained herein for profit or commercial use requires express written permission. To obtain permission, contact the Communications Division at ifpri-copyright@cgiar.org.
Eco‐Geophysical Imaging of Watershed‐Scale Soil Patterns Links with Plant Community Spatial Patterns

The extent to which soil moisture and nutrient availability control the structure, function, and diversity of plant communities has aroused considerable interest in the past decade and remains topical in light of global change. Numerous plant communities are controlled either by water or soil nutrient availability, and yet spatial patterns of soil properties affecting resource pools, such as texture, are often poorly delineated at the landscape level. Traditional soil survey methods, developed for land evaluation, remain largely qualitative, based on the subjective analysis of the soil surveyor and often using vegetation patterns to demarcate soil boundaries. To date, no independent method of determining the properties of soil root‐zone spatial patterns has been developed for use at the landscape scale, resulting in a knowledge gap between observed aboveground vegetation patterns and the distribution of belowground soil properties. The objective of this work was to determine whether a quantitative link could be observed between bulk soil electrical conductivity, used as an indicator of soil texture, and the plant community spatial pattern using geophysics. By comparing the geophysical signal with plant community patterns, we have discovered distinct vegetation niches corresponding to distinct zones of bulk soil electrical conductivity. A hierarchical ranking of the mean bulk soil electrical conductivity for each plant community type follows a power‐law structure.
A generic model for MIMO wireless propagation channels in macro- and microcells

This paper derives a generic model for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless channel. The model incorporates important effects, including i) interdependency of directions-of-arrival and directions-of-departure, ii) large delay and angle dispersion by propagation via far clusters, and iii) rank reduction of the transfer function matrix. We propose a geometry-based model that includes the propagation effects that are critical for MIMO performance: i) single scattering around the BS and MS, ii) scattering by far clusters, iii) double-scattering, iv) waveguiding, and v) diffraction by roof edges. The required parameters for the complete definition of the model are enumerated, and typical parameter values in macro and microcellular environments are discussed.
Evaluating Private School Quality in Denmark

We estimate the private school effect on years of schooling attained. Single equation models show no significant effect of private schooling, while selectivity correction renders the estimate negative, but still insignificant. Results from estimations of different private school types reveal significant positive and negative coefficients in single equation models, which are reduced and rendered insignificant by IV estimation. Also, we show how our extensive set of controls reduces omitted variables bias potentially present in studies with more limited data sets that are typical for this literature. Including additional controls eliminates the significant positive OLS private school effect from a more simple model.
Geostatistical traveltime tomography in elliptically anisotropic media

In geological materials, anisotropy may arise due to different mechanisms and can be found at different scales. Neglecting anisotropy in traveltime tomographic reconstruction leads to artefacts that can obscure important subsurface features. In this paper, a geostatistical tomography algorithm to invert cross‐hole traveltime data in elliptically anisotropic media is presented. The advantages of geostatistical tomography are that the solution is regularized by the covariance of the model parameters, that known model parameters can be used as constraints and fitted exactly or within a prescribed variance and that stochastic simulations can be performed to appraise the variability of the solution space. The benefits of the algorithm to image anisotropic media are illustrated by two examples using synthetic georadar data and real seismic data. The first example confirms suspected electromagnetic anisotropy in the vadose zone caused by relatively rapid water content variations with respect to wavelength at georadar frequencies. The second presents how sonic log data can be used to constrain the inversion of cross‐well seismic data and how geostatistical simulations can be used to infer parameter uncertainty. Results of both examples show that considering anisotropy yields a better fit to the data at high ray angles and reduces reconstruction artefacts.
Rangeland development of the Mu Us Sandy Land in semiarid China: an analysis using Landsat and NOAA remote sensing data

Degradation of the dry semiarid ecosystems in the Mu Us Sandy Land of north central China was explored using high‐resolution satellite images from 1978, 1987 and 1996. This study monitored both changes in grassland biomass production and reclamation activities to detect the nature and scale of land degradation since major economic reforms were introduced in 1978. The position of the high‐resolution images within the vegetation cycles was inspected from National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NDVI images at 10‐day repetition and seasonal precipitation patterns. A model was developed to categorize changes in the vegetation signal activity from 30 × 30 m pixels into vegetation cover development and land‐use changes between 1987 and 1996. A general increase of biomass production was evident despite the rapid increase in numbers of grazing animals. This increase in biomass was confirmed by the NOAA time series, which also revealed annual variability related to the amount and pattern of the seasonal rains. Rangeland conversion to farmland was detected, and this process has increased the area of cultivation almost fivefold. The classified area of cultivation corresponds with reported statistical records, also showing that irrigation features in virtually 100 per cent of the sown area. Signs of declining biological production, indicating land degradation processes, are few. Biomass production has increased, with a gain in the economic output from both crop and animal production. The early start of active measures to halt desertification has increased vegetation cover and lowered wind erosion potential and grasslands seems to be managing the high levels of grazing pressure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flux of dimethylsulfide from the oceans: A comparison of updated data sets and flux models

Estimates of the fluxes of dimethylsulfide (DMS) from the global oceans are calculated using the parameterizations of Lisps and Merlivat [1986], Wanninkhof [1992], and Erickson [1993]; the wind fields of Trenberth et al. [1989], da Silva and Young [1994], and Gibson et al. [1996]; and the maps of sea surface DMS concentration of Kettle et al. [1999]. The Liss and Merlivat [1986], Wanninkhof [1992], and Erickson [1993] parameterizations gave global oceanic DMS fluxes of approximately 15, 33, and 21 Tg S yr−1, respectively. The different data sets for wind speed, sea surface temperature, and DMS sea surface concentration resulted in relatively small variations in these calculated fluxes (≤25%). The large uncertainty in the flux models prevents the estimation of the global flux of DMS with an error limit of better than about 50%. Interannual variation in the wind speeds and sea surface temperatures from the 15-year European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis Project results in an interannual variation of DMS flux of approximately 10%. Possibly, there is greater interannual variation in the DMS flux due to variation in the DMS concentration fields, which was not taken into account.
Documents de Travail du Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne

In this paper, we provide a new dynamic asset pricing model for plain vanilla options and we discuss its ability to produce minimum mispricing errors on equity option books. The data set is the daily log returns of the French CAC 40 index, on the period January 2, 1988, October 26, 2007. Under the historical measure, we estimate an EGARCH model with Generalized Hyperbolic innovations, using this dataset. We showed in Chorro, Gu´egan and Ielpo (2008) that when the pricing kernel is an exponential aﬃne function of the state variables, the risk neutral distribution is unique and implies again a Generalized Hyperbolic dynamic, with changed parameters. Thus, using this theoretical result associated to Monte Carlo simulations, we compare our approach to natural competitors in order to test its eﬃciency. More generally, our empirical investigations analyze the ability of speciﬁc parametric innovations to reproduce market prices in the context of the exponential aﬃne speciﬁcation of the stochastic discount factor.
The gut microbiota metabolite butyrate mitigates MPTP/MPP+‐induced Parkinson's disease by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Butyrate (BU), a gut microbiota‐derived metabolite, has been reported to play a neuroprotective role in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the specific molecular mechanism of BU has not been fully interpreted. This work aimed to verify the protective effects of BU against MPTP/MPP+‐induced neurotoxicity and explore the mechanisms involved. The results showed that BU protected against MPTP‐induced motor dysfunction and decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) levels. Additionally, BU pretreatment improved PC12 cell viability and reduced MPP+‐induced PC12 cell apoptosis. BU treatment also attenuated MPP+‐stimulated oxidative stress and inflammatory response in PC12 cells. Furthermore, BU inhibited MPTP/MPP+‐induced hyperactivation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling in mice and PC12 cells. Besides, a JAK2 agonist, Coumermycin A1 (C‐A1), substantially reversed BU‐mediated inhibition on JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation in MPP+‐challenged PC12 cells and abated BU‐induced repression on MPP+‐triggered apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in PC12 cells. To sum up, BU might exert neuroprotective effects against MPP+/MPTP‐induced neurotoxicity by inactivating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling.
Geology of the western flank of the Coast Mountains between Cape Fanshaw and Taku Inlet

The western flank of the Coast Mountains batholith between Cape Fanshaw and Taku Inlet is underlain primarily by Jura-Cretaceous strata of the Gravina belt; pre-Permian(? ), Permian, and Triassic strata of the Taku terrane; and mid-Proterozoic(? ) to upper Paleozoic rocks of continental margin affinity. The continental margin rocks include mid-Proterozoic(? ) to lower Paleozoic(? ) quartzite and marble of the Tracy Arm assemblage; mid-Paleozoic metavolcanic and subordinate metasedimentary rocks of the Endicott Arm assemblage; and upper Paleozoic quartz-rich metaturbidites and metaconglomerate of the Port Houghton assemblage. We suggest that these three assemblages are correlative with components of the Yukon-Tanana terrane, which underlies a large region of Yukon and eastern Alaska. Rocks of the Gravina belt, Taku terrane, and Yukon-Tanana terrane are juxtaposed along west-vergent thrust faults of mid-Cretaceous age and are internally deformed and disrupted along latest Cretaceous to early Eocene dip-slip and possibly strike-slip shear zones. These rocks and structures, together with mid-Cretaceous to Eocene plutons of the Coast Mountains batholith, separate rocks of the Alexander-Wrangellia terrane to the west from rocks of the Stikine terrane to the east. Mid-Cretaceous thrust faults in the area belong to a system of thrusts that form the inboard margin of the Alexander-Wrangellia terrane from central Alaska to northwestern Washington. The continental margin rocks in the northern Coast Mountains may be part of the in situ North American margin that has been overthrust by the Stikine and adjacent terranes. Alternatively, these rocks may have (1) rifted from and then returned to the North American margin, (2) moved >800 km along left-lateral or right-lateral faults from elsewhere along the North American margin, or (3) originated near a continent other than North America.
Effects of long-lasting insecticide net (LLINs) ownership/ utilisation indicators on annual household malaria episodes (AHMEs) in Bamenda, Santa and Tiko Health Districts in Cameroon

Introduction Household residents in malaria endemic areas are at high risk of multiple malaria episodes per year. This study investigated the annual household malaria episodes (AHMEs) in three health districts in Cameroon. Methods A community-based cross-sectional household survey using a multi-stage cluster design was conducted 2 – 3 years post campaign to assess long-lasting insecticide net (LLINs) ownership, utilisation and maintenance as well as demographic characteristics. Multinomial regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with household LLIN ownership, utilization and AHME. Results Household LLINs ownership, de facto population with universal utilisation and AHME were respectively, 92.5%, 16.0% and 83.4%; thus, 4 out of 25 household residents effectively used LLINs the previous night. AHME was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with age and gender (OR; 1.6, 95% C.I; 1.1 – 2.3) of household head, health district (OR; 2.8, 95% C.I; 1.1 – 7.2) and tiredness (OR; 2.6, 95% C.I; 1.0 – 6.3). LLINs ownership and insufficiency also significantly contributed AHME. The overall average cost for the treatment of malaria was 6,399.4±4,892.8Fcfa (11.1±8.5US$). Conclusions The proportion of households with at least one LLIN and those with at least one AHME were high. Findings are of concern given that average cost for the treatment of malaria represents a potentially high economic burden. The results outlined in this paper provide an important tool for the examination of the deficiencies in LLINs regular and universal utilisation.
Regional contribution of CO2 and CH4 fluxes from the fluvial network in a lowland boreal landscape of Québec

Boreal rivers and streams are known as hot spots of CO2 emissions, yet their contribution to CH4 emissions has traditionally been assumed to be negligible, due to the spatially fragmented data and lack of regional studies addressing both gases simultaneously. Here we explore the regional patterns in river CO2 and CH4 concentrations (pCO2 and pCH4), gas exchange coefficient (k), and the resulting emissions in a lowland boreal region of Northern Québec. Rivers and streams were systematically supersaturated in both gases, with both pCO2 and pCH4 declining along the river continuum. The k was on average low and increased with stream order, consistent with the hydrology of this flat landscape. The smallest streams (order 1), which represent < 20% of the total river surface, contributed over 35% of the total fluvial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The end of winter and the spring thaw periods, which are rarely included in annual emission budgets, contributed on average 21% of the annual GHG emissions. As a whole, the fluvial network acted as significant source of both CO2 and CH4, releasing on average 1.5 tons of C (CO2 eq) yr−1 km−2 of landscape, of which CH4 emissions contributed approximately 34%. We estimate that fluvial CH4 emissions represent 41% of the regional aquatic (lakes, reservoirs, and rivers) CH4 emissions, despite the relatively small riverine surface (4.3% of the total aquatic surface). We conclude that these fluvial networks in boreal lowlands play a disproportionately large role as hot spots for CO2 and more unexpectedly for CH4 emissions.
Enhanced riverine carbon flux from carbonate catchment to the ocean: A comparative hydrogeochemical study on Ishigaki and Iriomote islands, southwestern Japan

[1] Riverine carbon transportation is an important carbon flux connecting reservoirs of the atmosphere, continents, and oceans. The flux is strongly related to the important roles of rivers such as regulation of climate change and buffering of ocean acidification. Here, to evaluate the linkage of such functions of rivers and geological characteristics of the watersheds, we present the results of a comparative hydrogeochemical study conducted on small subtropical watersheds of aluminosilicate-dominated Iriomote Island and carbonate-based Ishigaki Island, southwestern Japan. Rivers on Ishigaki Island exhibited much higher alkalinity than rivers on Iriomote Island, which was even higher than the mean value of major rivers in the world, such as the Saint Lawrence and the Mississippi. This high alkalinity was the result of carbonate dissolution enhanced by soil-originated CO2. As a result of this high inorganic carbon input, the ratio of inorganic carbon and nutrients of the river water was higher than that of marine organic matter such as the Redfield ratio, making the coastal seas a potential source of CO2 for the atmosphere.
Derivation of paleolongitude from the geometric parametrization of apparent polar wander path: Implication for absolute plate motion reconstruction

Obtaining ancient longitude position of continents in the past has always been a challenge for plate tectonic reconstructions. Paleomagnetism has been commonly used to reconstruct paleolatitudes and relative rotations but not paleolongitudes. In this work, we present a synthesized method to derive paleolongitude by geometrically parametrizing apparent polar wander path (APWP). Great and small circle modeling are implemented concurrently to the identified APWP tracks to calculate the paleomagnetic Euler parameters (stage rotation pole and rotation angle). From the Euler parameters of the optimal fitting option, the absolute motion history can be restored for the reference geometries. Using our method as well as the results from relative plate motion studies, we reevaluate the dispersion history of East Gondwana since 140 Ma. To further test the validity of our method, we compare the predictions from four other absolute motion models mainly in paleolatitude movement, longitudinal variation, and great circle distance, which suggest the most similarity with the global hybrid reference frame.
Evaluación probabilista del riesgo sísmico de Bogotá y Manizales con y sin la influencia de la Caldas Tear

La nueva interpretacion tectonica que propone la existencia de una falla denominada Caldas Tear ha motivado una evaluacion de amenaza sismica a nivel nacional, usando la misma metodologia e informacion del estudio de amenaza sismica actualizado para el Reglamento NSR-10. Con ambos resultados, se realiza la evaluacion de riesgo sismico de Bogota y Manizales obteniendo la curva de excedencia de perdidas, perdidas maximas probables y la perdida anual esperada. En la estimacion de las perdidas de las edificaciones de ambas ciudades, se consideran las microzonificaciones. La comparacion permite observar la disminucion y aumento del riesgo sismico en Bogota y Manizales respectivamente