Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Farrowing and Rearing Systems on Post-Weaning Stress in Piglets

This study aimed to investigate how farrowing and rearing systems affect skin lesions, serum cortisol, and aggressive behavior as indicators for weaning stress of piglets. Between May 2016 and March 2018, in total 3144 weaning piglets from three different farrowing systems were examined: farrowing crates (FC), single-housing free-farrowing pens (FF), and group-housing of lactating sows and litters (GH). After weaning and regrouping, piglets were relocated to conventional rearing pens (conv; 5.7 m2) or to wean-to-finish pens (w-f; 12.4 m2). Skin lesions were scored 24 h after weaning. Blood samples were taken one week before and 24 h after weaning to analyze the individual difference in serum cortisol. Behavior was observed for 24 h after relocation. Animals raised in FC and FF had significantly more skin lesions than that of GH animals. Piglets born in GH showed lower cortisol differences and fought less and for shorter periods compared to FC and FF piglets. Piglets weaned to w-f pens showed greater cortisol changes and fought significantly longer than piglets in conv pens. Group housing during the suckling period reduced weaning stress for piglets in terms of skin lesions, serum cortisol, and aggressive behavior. Greater space allowance (w-f vs. conv) was not beneficial with regard to the investigated parameters.
Financial analysis of Costco wholesale corporation: exploring the strengths and weaknesses.

The financial analysis of any organization is regarded as one of the main prerequisites for the successful management of financial resources. The study aims to identify the financial strengths and weaknesses of Costco Wholesale Corporation, based on a detailed financial analysis. The study used the quantitative method using secondary sources of data, such as Costco’s website and annual reports, various financial websites, journal research papers, and book chapters. Based on the Costco’s financial statement on August 31, 2019, the study performed ratio analysis, forecasting free cash flow (FCF) for the next five years (from August 2020 to August 2024), calculating the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), measuring the market value and fundamental value to determine the exact financial performance of Costco. The financial strengths were found at the Costco’s debt to equity ratio, return on assets ratio, return on equity ratio, return on capital employed ratio, interest coverage ratio, days sales outstanding ratio, days in inventory ratio, receivables turnover ratio, inventory turnover ratio, and asset turnover ratio and the financial weaknesses were found at the Costco’s current ratio, quick ratio, gross margin ratio, operating margin ratio, and cash conversion cycle ratio. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) was calculated 12.16% and, thereby forecasts of FCF suspect to increase in the coming years. The WACC of Costco was calculated 4.76% and found satisfactory. The market value of Costco was found significantly lower compared to its competitor like Walmart Stores Inc. The findings suggest that Costco’s policymakers should concentrate on overcoming the existing financial weaknesses and sustaining the current financial strengths by taking precise initiatives.
Comparative analysis of education quality and the level of competitiveness of leader countries under digitalization conditions

The quality of national education depends on many factors, which traditionally include adult literacy, the total share of students receiving general, secondary vocational and higher education, the level of the material and technical base, etc. Based on these factors, a list of leading countries by the level of education is formed. The authors believe that in the short term it practically does not change, the leaders retain their positions, the lagging countries rarely get out on top positions. However, the world changes, new trends and tendencies determine the constant change and improvement of quality criteria. The authors suppose that the process of digitalization of the economy will play a significant role in this process. New technologies and processes will undoubtedly update the picture of the leaders of the modern educational process. Here, the countries occupying second positions can claim the role of leaders. These aspects determine the relevance of this study. In this regard, the purpose of the work is to perform a comparative analysis of the quality of education and the level of competitiveness of the leading countries in the context of the growing digitalization process. The research methodology is based on a systematic and structural-functional approach. The representativeness and reliability of the research results are based on the use of general scientific and special methods, including analysis, synthesis, modeling, extrapolation, content analysis, historical analysis, and others. The research basis of the article is made up of general scientific research methods, which include: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, methods of systemic, complex, logical, structural, comparative, and statistical analysis. Based on the world ratings of the quality of education, the authors' own rating of the best national education systems was compiled. Moreover, the authors noted that this rating also differs little from the rating of countries' competitiveness on the world stage. The main reasons for distinguishing the leading countries include the existing stage of development, the quality and standard of living of the population, investments in education and science, and other reasons. However, today these reasons also include the degree of the country's participation in the digitalization process. Without proper government policy in this area, without strategies for the development of the digital economy and the development of relevant institutions, it will be difficult to maintain the existing leading positions.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Myocardial Deformation during Exercise

The human heart is an asymmetrical structure that consists of oblique, circumferential, and transmural fibers, as well as laminae and sheets. Sequential electrical activation of all the muscle fibers ultimately results in a coordinated contraction of the heart muscle also referred to as “deformation. ” This is immediately followed by myocardial relaxation, when the preceding deformation is reversed, and the ventricles fill with blood. Given the complexity of these repetitive motions, it is not surprising that there is great diversity in the myocardial deformation between different individuals and between distinct populations. Exercise presents a natural challenge to determine the full capacity of an individual’s heart, and modern imaging technologies allow for the non-invasive assessment of myocardial deformation during exercise. In this chapter, the most relevant anatomical basis for myocardial deformation is summarized and definitions of the most relevant parameters are provided. Then, the general cardiac responses to exercise are highlighted before the current knowledge on myocardial deformation during exercise is discussed. The literature clearly indicates that the echocardiographic evaluation of myocardial deformation during exercise holds great promise for the identification of sub-clinical disease. Future studies should aim to determine the mechanisms of differential expression of myocardial deformation during exercise in health and disease.
Response of acidobacterial communities to 3 years of biochar addition in a black soil of northeast China

ABSTRACT Biochar can affect soil microbial abundance and community structure due to its excellent physiochemical properties. Our previous study of soil bacterial community discovered that the relative abundance of Acidobacteria was significantly influenced by biochar. In this study, we further investigated the effect of biochar on acidobacterial community composition generated with Acidobacteria-specific primers ACIDO/342 R using Illumina MiSeq sequencing in the same black soil samples after 3 years of biochar application. The qPCR results showed that biochar addition increased the acidobacterial abundance, especially at the rates of 4% and 8%. There were 18 acidobacterial subgroups detected, and Gp4 and Gp6 were the most abundant subgroups. The relative abundance of Gp4 was positively correlated with soil total potassium and negatively correlated with soil pH, while Gp6 was on the opposite. Biochar addition did not influence the α-diversity but altered the acidobacterial community composition. Redundancy analysis revealed that changes in the soil acidobacterial community compositions were closely associated with soil properties, such as pH, total potassium and available potassium. Given that these soil properties were highly correlated with biochar addition, which suggested that the long-term impacts of biochar on the soil acidobacterial community were indirectly driven by changes in soil properties.
In Vitro Study of Butyric Acid Deodorization Potential by Indigenously Constructed Bacterial Consortia and Pure Cultures from Pit Latrine Fecal Sludge

The present study aims at developing an efficient bacterial consortium to biodegrade butyric acid, one of the odor-causing compounds that contribute significantly to pit latrine malodors. Six bacterial strains isolated from pit latrine fecal sludge were selected for the study. Nineteen bacterial consortia of different combinations were artificially constructed. The individual bacterial strains and bacterial consortia were compared by culturing in mineral salt medium supplemented with 1000 mg/L butyric acid as a sole carbon and energy source at pH 7, 30 °C, and 110 rpm under aerobic growth conditions. A co-culture of Serratia marcescens and Bacillus cereus was an effective bacterial consortium compared to individual component bacterial strains and other bacterial consortia, in which 1000 mg/L butyric acid was completely degraded within 16 h of incubation. A temperature of 30 °C and pH 7 were found to be optimum for the maximum degradation for both S. marcescens and B. cereus. The inoculation sizes of 2.0 and 2.5 were optimal for the maximum degradation for B. cereus and S. marcescens, respectively. The study provides insights that will be of substantial help in the development of effective biological treatment technologies for pit latrine odor to change the pit latrine user community’s and would be users’ perception of pit latrines.
Towards an accurate theoretical description of surface processes

Molecular modelling methods are indispensable for both helping to understand experimental results and to explore new materials. In this thesis we focus on theoretical methods that are used to study activated processes at surfaces as well as those which can account for van der Waals dispersion forces. To begin, we examine existing methods and develop a few new ones that are suitable for identifying transition states in chemical reactions. We discuss in detail how the various methods compare in efficiency for some simple chemical processes on an NaCl surface (water diffusion and HCl dissociation). The interaction of water with salt is then extended, focussing on the interaction of water clusters (up to 20 water molecules) with clean and defected salt surfaces. The aim of this part of the thesis is to understand in detail the initial stages of NaCl dissolution. In the remainder of the thesis we focus on a problem suffered by many current density functional theory methods, namely their inability to accurately account for dispersion forces. We test a recently proposed non-local functional and show how its accuracy can be dramatically improved with some simple modifications. The new functional(s) are tested on a wide variety of materials and highly encouraging results have been obtained.
Postnatal bladder dysfunction

Factors which lead to this include changes in the bladder neck, functional urethral length, intra-vaginal and intraanal pressures in relation to pregnancy and childbirth, prolonged labor, assisted breech, perineal lacerations, anatomical changes and functional changes in the pelvic floor which may occur secondary to pelvic floor distention by descent of fetal head and maternal expulsive ABSTRACT
Makna Kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia (Salah Kaprah dan Upaya Perbaikannya)

Often in understanding or interpreting words in the Indonesian language mistaken or mistaken things are considered as truth so that it often makes the understanding of the Indonesian language wrong. This research is here to describe the perception of Indonesian language users about words that are often misunderstood and their efforts to improve them. This research is in the form of descriptive qualitative research and questionnaire as the main instrument. Data is presented by the method of referring to the technique of listening and note-free. This research gives the result that (1) out of 10 words that are interpreted by Indonesian users, only 3 words are interpreted following Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia ( KBBI , 2013) and 7 other words are interpreted incorrectly. The words that are interpreted according to KBBI (2013) are absen, absensi, and kosong. Words that are interpreted incorrectly are acuh, bergeming, nuansa, seronok, carut-marut, notulen, and rempong. Some of the factors that cause the meaning are seeing in the mass media, often hearing from other people (the public), becoming a daily habit, and seeing the meaning in the dictionary. (2) Efforts to improve the interpretation by requiring the mass media to use the meaning appropriate to the KBBI (2013) , improve the quality of the Indonesian language of educators, foster a positive attitude towards the Indonesian language, and establish binding rules for Indonesian language users. Abstrak Seringkali dalam memahami atau memaknai kata dalam bahasa Indonesia terjadi salah kaprah atau kesalahan yang dianggap sebagai kebenaran sehingga hal itu acap kali membuat pemahaman terhadap bahasa Indonesia keliru. Penelitian ini hadir untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi pengguna bahasa Indonesia mengenai kata-kata yang sering disalahkaprahkan maknanya dan upaya memperbaikinya. Penelitian ini berwujud deskriptif kualitatif dengan peneliti dan angket sebagai instrumen utama. Data disajikan dengan metode simak dengan teknik simak bebas cakap dan catat. Penelitian ini memberikan hasil bahwa (1) dari 10 kata yang dimaknai oleh pengguna bahasa Indonesia, hanya 3 kata yang dimaknai sesuai dengan Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI, 2013) dan 7 kata lainnya dimaknai salah kaprah. Kata-kata yang dimaknai sesuai dengan KBBI (2013) adalah absen , absensi, dan kosong . Kata-kata yang dimaknai keliru adalah acuh, bergeming, nuansa, seronok, carut-marut, notulen, dan rempong . Beberapa faktor yang menjadi penyebab pemaknaan tersebut adalah melihat di media massa, sering mendengar dari orang lain (masyarakat), menjadi kebiasaan sehari-hari, dan melihat makna dalam kamus. (2) Upaya memperbaiki pemaknaan itu dengan cara mewajibkan media massa untuk menggunakan makna yang sesuai dengan KBBI (2013), meningkatkan kualitas bahasa Indonesia para pendidik, menumbuhkan sikap positif terhadap bahasa Indonesia, dan menetapkan aturan yang mengikat bagi pengguna bahasa Indonesia.
Laser-induced periodic surface structures: Arbitrary angles of incidence and polarization states

We demonstrate that the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method can be used to study the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) under oblique incidence and arbitrary polarization states. The inhomogeneous energy absorption below a rough surface at oblique incident angle is studied by the FDTD method and compared to the analytical efficacy theory developed by Sipe et al. [Phys. Rev. B 27, 1141 (1983)10.1103/PhysRevB.27. 1141]. The two approaches show excellent agreement. The surface topographies of both low-spatial-frequency LIPSSs (LSFLs) and high-spatial-frequency LIPSSs (HSFLs) at oblique incidence and various polarization states (linear, circular, radial, and azimuthal) are simulated by taking into account topography-driven interpulse feedback effects. For s- and mixed s- and p-polarized beams at large incident angles, the simulated LSFLs show orientations that are neither perpendicular nor parallel to the laser polarization. Their physical origin is explained by a nonzero angle between the in-plane wave vector of the incident light and the scattered light. By using circularly-polarized beams, the simulated surface topographies are further shown to be in excellent agreement with the triangular LSFLs and the fine-dot nanoscaled structures reported in the literature. In addition, the simulation of HSFLs suggests that their periods have almost no dependence on the incident angle nor the polarization angle, while their surface topographies resemble that of blazed gratings at large incident angles for p-polarized and mixed s- and p-polarized beams. The origin is explained by the appearance of asymmetry in the scattered near-field light. The extension to oblique incidence and arbitrary polarization states demonstrates that the FDTD approach on LIPSSs is a highly versatile and powerful technique which has the potential to be one of the foundations for a complete modeling and understanding of LIPSSs under various irradiation conditions.
Fingerprint Classification through Standard and Weighted Extreme Learning Machines

Fingerprint classification is a stage of biometric identification systems that aims to group fingerprints and reduce search times and computational complexity in the databases of fingerprints. The most recent works on this problem propose methods based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by adopting fingerprint images as inputs. These networks have achieved high classification performances, but with a high computational cost in the network training process, even by using high-performance computing techniques. In this paper, we introduce a novel fingerprint classification approach based on feature extractor models, and basic and modified extreme learning machines (ELMs), being the first time that this approach is adopted. The weighted ELMs naturally address the problem of unbalanced data, such as fingerprint databases. Some of the best and most recent extractors (Capelli02, Hong08, and Liu10), which are based on the most relevant visual characteristics of the fingerprint image, are considered. Considering the unbalanced classes for fingerprint identification schemes, we optimize the ELMs (standard, original weighted, and decay weighted) in terms of the geometric mean by estimating their hyper-parameters (regularization parameter, number of hidden neurons, and decay parameter). At the same time, the classic accuracy and penetration-rate metrics are computed for comparison purposes with the superior CNN-based methods reported in the literature. The experimental results show that weighted ELM with the presence of the golden-ratio in the weighted matrix (W-ELM2) overall outperforms the rest of the ELMs. The combination of the Hong08 extractor and W-ELM2 competes with CNNs in terms of the fingerprint classification efficacy, but the ELMs-based methods have been demonstrated their extremely fast training speeds in any context.
The Prevalence of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Pregnant Women Referring to Tertiary Hospitals of Kerman, Iran

Background: Influenza vaccination is the most effective strategy to prevent comorbidity and mortality of this infection in pregnant women. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the influenza vaccination rate and its related factors among pregnant women. Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 520 pregnant women referring to antenatal clinics of tertiary hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences from January to April 2019 in Kerman city, Iran. The collected data through a form distributed among the subjects were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: The influenza vaccination coverage rate was 30.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.1 - 34.1) among the pregnant women. Age older than 30 years (AOR = 3.79; 95%CI: 1.55 - 9.24), being employed (AOR = 2.44; 95%CI: 1.01 - 5.88), having an underlying chronic disease (AOR = 4.39; 95%CI: 1.33 - 14.51), receiving recommendation to undergo influenza vaccination (AOR = 65.76; 95%CI: 11.04 - 391.48), and having good knowledge of influenza vaccine (AOR = 9.64; 95%CI: 3.87 - 24.02) increased the likelihood of receiving influenza vaccine. Conclusions: The current study highlighted that the influenza vaccination coverage rate was suboptimal. Also, findings of the current study suggested that influenza vaccination, as an important component of antenatal care services, should be considered by health policymakers. Furthermore, educating pregnant women and healthcare providers can improve compliance with influenza vaccination.
Evaluation of the Weed Infestation, Grain Health, and Productivity Parameters of Two Spelt Wheat Cultivars Depending on Crop Protection Intensification and Seeding Densities

Spelt wheat is one of the oldest wheat with very high nutritional value. It does not have particular climatic requirements and tolerates adverse environmental conditions well. The versatile advantages of spelt wheat make it attractive to farmers, plant breeders, food technologists, and consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different crop protection systems and seeding densities on yield, weed infestation, and grain health of the spelt wheat cultivars “Rokosz” and “Schwabenspelz”. The research showed that the spelt wheat cultivars studied responded differently to production intensification. The use of crop protection chemicals in the crop of the cultivar “Rokosz” resulted in lower weed infestation and in obtaining higher yields. In the case of the cultivar “Schwabenspelz”, production intensification did not have a significant effect on its productivity and quantitative weed infestation parameters. Therefore, this cultivar can be recommended for cultivation in farms with extensive farming methods, for example, in organic farms. In both cultivars studied, an increase in seeding density and chemical plant protection with fungicide caused lower grain contamination with mycotoxins, and the content of individual mycotoxins did not exceed the maximum levels set for grain intended for food and animal feed purposes.
A Systematic Methodology for Developing Bowtie in Risk Assessment: Application to Borescope Inspection

Background—Bowtie analysis is a broadly used tool in risk management to identify root causes and consequences of hazards and show barriers that can prevent or mitigate the events to happen. Limitations of the method are reliance on judgement and an ad hoc development process. Purpose—Systematic approaches are needed to identify threats and consequences, and to ascertain mitigation and prevention barriers. Results—A new conceptual framework is introduced by combining the Bowtie method with the 6M structure of Ishikawa to categorise the threats, consequences and barriers. The method is developed for visual inspection of gas turbine components, for which an example is provided. Originality—Provision of a more systematic methodology has the potential to result in more comprehensive Bowtie risk assessments, with less chance of serious omissions. The method is expected to find application in the broader industry, and to support operators who are non-risk experts but have application-specific knowledge, when performing Bowtie risk assessment.