Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lattice thermal conductivity of silicon from empirical interatomic potentials

We present calculations of the lattice thermal conductivity of silicon that incorporate several commonly used empirical models of the interatomic potential. Second- and third-order force constants obtained from these potentials are used as inputs to an exact iterative solution of the inelastic phonon Boltzmann equation, which includes the anharmonic three-phonon scattering as well as isotopic defect and boundary scattering. Comparison of the calculated lattice thermal conductivity with the experiment shows that none of these potentials provides satisfactory agreement. Calculations of the mode Gr\"uneisen parameters and the linear thermal expansion coefficient help elucidate the reasons for this. We also examine a set of parameters for one of these empirical potentials that produces improved agreement with both the measured lattice thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion data.
Risk-Based Control Strategies of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody Charge Variants

Since the first approval of the anti-CD3 recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb), muromonab-CD3, a mouse antibody for the prevention of transplant rejection, by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1986, mAb therapeutics have become increasingly important to medical care. A wealth of information about mAbs regarding their structure, stability, post-translation modifications, and the relationship between modification and function has been reported. Yet, substantial resources are still required throughout development and commercialization to have appropriate control strategies to maintain consistent product quality, safety, and efficacy. A typical feature of mAbs is charge heterogeneity, which stems from a variety of modifications, including modifications that are common to many mAbs or unique to a specific molecule or process. Charge heterogeneity is highly sensitive to process changes and thus a good indicator of a robust process. It is a high-risk quality attribute that could potentially fail the specification and comparability required for batch disposition. Failure to meet product specifications or comparability can substantially affect clinical development timelines. To mitigate these risks, the general rule is to maintain a comparable charge profile when process changes are inevitably introduced during development and even after commercialization. Otherwise, new peaks or varied levels of acidic and basic species must be justified based on scientific knowledge and clinical experience for a specific molecule. Here, we summarize the current understanding of mAb charge variants and outline risk-based control strategies to support process development and ultimately commercialization.
Testing the Equality of Two Independent αCoefficients Adjusted by the Spearman-Brown Formula

An approximate statistical test is developed for the hypothesis of equality between the Spearman-Brown extrapolations of two independent values of Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient (α). This test assumes that the units added to or deleted from each instrument are classically parallel to the units included in the original version of each instrument. The projections for Tests 1 and 2 are based on lengthening or shortening factors of K 1 and K 2, which may or may not be equal. Special cases of this test include applications in which the projected values are intraclass coefficients or only one of the instruments is presumed to be altered in length. Monte carlo simulations demonstrated that the procedure effectively controls Type I error even when the original αs are based on as few as two test parts or two raters.
The nature of malpractice claims related to nerve damage after dental implants insertion in Israel during 2005–2020: A descriptive study

Abstract Introduction Dental implant placement is a routine practice in dentistry, with a possible uncommon risk of neurosensory injury. The present study analyzed all dental implant claims involving sensory nerve disturbances between 2005 and 2020 in Israel. The study was conducted to understand implant risk management better and improve the patient's safety. Materials and methods All legal claims registered by Medical Consultant International (MCI) involving nerve damage claims between 2005 and 2020 were included in the study. The data included demographic details such as age, sex, event date, claim delivery date, and treatment settings. Information on the nerve damage included the damaged nerve, side of injury, and the number of implants performed in the same surgery. Results There were 218 claims regarding nerve damage out of 1154 claims for dental implant therapy. The mean age for nerve damage claims was 54.1 ± 11 years. There were more female than male claims (p = 0.02), with 87% of cases concerning damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (p < 0.0001), out of those molar areas being more frequently involved in nerve damage (64.3%, p < 0.0001). The left side was 1.4 times more frequent than the right side (p = 0.043). The risk for nerve injury was 7.4 times higher when placing multiple implants compared to single dental implant (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Clinicians should be aware that placement of multiple implants, left‐side implant placement, and patient gender may increase risk for a malpractice claim for neurosensory disturbances.
Inequalities in successful tobacco cessation and tobacco cessation attempts: Evidence from eight Sub-Saharan African countries

Background Tobacco consumption is a contributing and modifiable risk factor for non-communicable diseases. In high-income countries, tobacco cessation attempts, and their success, are concentrated among the socio-economically advantaged, resulting in a skewed burden of disease. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the distribution of tobacco cessation in low- and middle-income countries. Objective The objective of this study is to measure and decompose wealth- and education-related inequalities in tobacco cessation in eight Sub-Saharan African countries. Methodology The study applies Erreygers’ corrected concentration indices and decomposition methods to the most recent Global Adult Tobacco Surveys in Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, and Uganda. Findings We find that across countries, successful tobacco cessation, as well as tobacco cessation attempts, are concentrated among wealthier and better-educated individuals. Differences in socio-economic status, urban or rural residence, and not knowing or believing that tobacco consumption leads to serious illness contributes to these inequalities Conclusion Governments in our sample of countries can do more to support socio-economically disadvantaged smokers in their efforts to quit smoking, including by making an effort to align each country’s smoking cessation strategy with the guidelines outlined in the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Saudi Arabia consensus guidance for the diagnosis and management of adults with inflammatory bowel disease

Optimal management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) relies on a clear understanding and tailoring evidence-based interventions by clinicians in partnership with patients. This article provides concise guidelines for the management of IBD in adults, based on the most up-to-date information at the time of writing and will be regularly updated. These guidelines were developed by the Saudi Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Saudi Gastroenterology Association and the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy. After an extensive literature review, 78 evidence-and expert opinion-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in adults were proposed and further refined by a voting process. The consensus guidelines include the finally agreed on statements with their level of evidence covering different aspects of IBD diagnosis and treatment.
Statistics of convection initiation by use of Meteosat rapid scan data during the Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS)

Rapid Scan (RS) service from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on Meteosat8 (also called Meteosat Second Generation 1, MSG1) during the Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS) provided five-minute scans of the latitude belt from approximately 15 to 69 ◦N from 1 June to 31 August 2007. With these high-temporal resolution data, we investigate convection initiation (CI) in the COPS domain, an area covering the low-mountain regions of the Vosges and Black Forest with the Rhine Valley in between in eastern France/south-western Germany. In total, 94 CI events are identified during all COPS Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs) for which Meteosat-8 data are available, i.e., on 30 days within 16 IOPs. The algorithm to find CI sites is illustrated by the isolated CI event of 15 July 2007 (COPS IOP 8b) for which the RS brightness temperature data at 10.8 μm reveal a minimum temperature change rate at the cloud top of –4.0 K/min. We find that the CI sites are distributed over the whole COPS region; however, the CI density is about 3 times higher in the mountainous regions of the Vosges and the Black Forest (∼30 storms/(10000 km) on the 30 days investigated in this study) than in the Rhine Valley. The CI distribution shows a diurnal cycle with a pronounced CI maximum between 1300 and 1400 UTC, i.e., 2 hours after the local noon of 1130 UTC. In this 1-hour period alone, 18 % of all CI events take place (25 % if we neglect those CI events which are related to a synoptic surface front). In contrast to this, we find only 4 % of all CI events at night between 2100 and 0400 UTC.
Transition probability ratios for selected multiplets of C I , N I , and O I , and comparisons with recent calculations

With a wall-stabilized high-current arc, we have measured the transition probabilities of several multiplet pairs of C I, N I, and O I. Pairs have been selected for which two recent ab initio calculations have produced widely different results. All chosen multiplets are among the prominent, strong features of their respective spectra, and the pairing is in each case done for multiplets that hardly differ in their excitation energies. Our results do not favor either of the calculations, but are consistent with an earlier experiment.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Martian Atmosphere Entry

A numerical and experimental investigation was performed to study the aerothermodynamic problems of entry into the Martian atmosphere. The mathematical and physical model used to study the flowfield around a capsule entering a CO 2 environment is described. Computational fluid dynamics tools have been applied to solve the system of governing equations. The importance of surface catalycity effects on the stagnation-point heat transfer and on the heat load in Martian atmosphere is highlighted. Stagnation-point heat flux levels applied to models of different materials in a plasma wind tunnel are shown, and numerical correlations are presented. The different role played by surface catalycity in Earth and Mars environments is shown.
Effects of Angle of Attack on Inlet Buzz

Anaxisymmetric supersonic inlet was tested to study the influence of angle of attack andmass flow rate on the inlet buzz phenomenon at a freestreamMach number of 2 and at various angles of attack 0–10 deg. For each angle of attack, two main frequencies for the buzz were seen in the data. For the moderate mass flow rates, small-amplitude and high-frequency oscillation occurred. In this operation stage, both highand low-frequency oscillations exist, but the higher one is dominant and is very close to the frequency of the second acoustic resonance mode. At lower mass flow, however, low-frequency and large-amplitude oscillation occurred that had a single frequency with a constant period. Increasing the angle of attack decreased the inlet performance and limited the stability margin. At intermediate values of themass flow, the buzz frequencywas seen to be independent of the angle of attack, but, for the lower mass flow rates and at high angles of attack, the frequency of the buzz at front portions of the inlet varied. However, the diffuser end still has a constant frequency. In addition, the total-pressure signal had behavior similar to that of the static data with approximately the same frequency.
High-temperature optical gain of 980 nm InGaAs'AlGaAs quantum-well lasers

~Received 15 May 2000; accepted for publication 17 August 2000! The optical modal gain of ridge-waveguide single-quantum-well InGaAs/AlGaAs diode lasers withan emission wavelength of 980 nm were measured up to a temperature of 250°C. Comparisons ofthe obtained gain curves with a simple semiclassical model based on the single-band envelopefunction theory allows straightforward curve ﬁtting of the gain as it is used, e.g., in numeric models.As a result a simple temperature dependence of the line shape function has been deduced. © 2000American Institute of Physics. @S0003-6951~00! 03741-4#High power semiconductor lasers emitting at 980 nmhave become key components for pumping erbium-dopedﬁber ampliﬁers~EDFAs! Because the output power of suchampliﬁers is roughly proportional to the available pumppower, the industry calls for pump lasers with higher maxi-mal output power. In the design and optimization of highpower lasers, particular care must be given to heating effects.Thus, a simple model which accurately describes these ef-fects would be of considerable importance. In this letter wereport on measurements of optical modal gain in InGaAs/AlGaAs single-quantum-well lasers over a temperature rangefrom 20 up to 250°C.Several groups have already investigated the temperaturedependence of the optical modal gain in conjunction with thestudy of the threshold current’s temperature dependence ~al-though most of the work is focused on longer wavelengthlasers! , but measured spectra at relatively high temperaturesare still missing.
Associations of Hearing Loss and Hearing Aid Use With Cognition, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Depressive Symptoms

Objectives Determine associations of hearing loss (HL) and hearing aid (HA) use with cognition, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and depressive symptoms. Methods: Participants were from the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study or Beaver Dam Offspring Study. HL was defined as pure-tone average (.5–4.0 kHz) > 25 dB. A principal component analysis of 5 cognitive tasks measured cognition. The SF-12 measured mental and physical HRQoL. The Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale measured depressive symptoms (score ≥ 16). Regression models returned beta (B) coefficients or odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: This study included 3574 participants. HL (vs. none) was associated with poorer cognition (B−.12 [−.18, −.06]), mental (B−.99 [−1.65, −.33]) and physical (B−.76 [−1.50, −.03]) HRQoL, and increased odds of depressive symptoms (OR 1.49 [1.16, 1.91]). HA users had better cognition than non-users. Discussion: HL likely impacts cognition and well-being. HA use may have cognitive benefits.
High resolution spectroscopy of the inner ring of SN 1987A

Supernovae are some of the most energetic phenomena in the Universe and they have throughout history fascinated people as they appeared as new stars in the sky. Supernova (SN) 1987A exploded in the nearby satellite galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), at a distance of only 168,000 light years. The proximity of SN 1987A offers a unique opportunity to study the medium surrounding the supernova in great detail. Powered by the dynamical interaction of the ejecta with the inner circumstellar ring, SN 1987A is dramatically evolving at all wavelengths on time scales less than a year. This makes SN 1987A a great ``laboratory'' for studies of shock physics. Repeated observations of the ejecta-ring collision have been carried out using the UVES echelle spectrograph at VLT. This thesis covers seven epochs of high resolution spectra taken between October 1999 and November 2007. Three different emission line components are identified from the spectra. A narrow (~10 km/s) velocity component emerges from the unshocked ring. An intermediate (~250 km/s) component arises in the shocked ring, and a broad component extending to ~15,000 km/s comes from the reverse shock. Thanks to the high spectral resolution of UVES, it has been possible to separate the shocked from the unshocked ring emission. For the unshocked gas, ionization stages from neutral up to Ne V and Fe VII were found. The line fluxes of the low-ionization lines decline during the period of the observations. However, the fluxes of the [O III] and [Ne III] lines appear to increase and this is found to be consistent with the heating of the pre-shock gas by X-rays from the shock interactions. The line emission from the ejecta-ring collision increases rapidly as more gas is swept up by the shocks. This emission comes from ions with a range of ionization stages (e.g., Fe II-XIV). The low-ionization lines show an increase in their line widths which is consistent with that these lines originate from radiative shocks. The high-ionization line profiles (Fe X-XIV) initially show larger spectral widths, which indicates that at least a fraction of the emission comes from non-radiative shocks.
Cell‐Mediated Cytotoxicity in Lyme Arthritis

Obliterative microvascular lesions are found in the synovial tissue of ~50% of patients with post‐antibiotic Lyme arthritis (LA) and correlate with autoantibodies to certain vascular antigens. In this study, we identified lymphocytes with cytotoxic potential that may also mediate this feature of synovial pathology.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.

BACKGROUND: The regional heterogeneity of vascular components and transcriptomes is an important determinant of aortic biology. This notion has been explored in multiple mouse studies. In the present study, we examined the regional heterogeneity of aortas in nonhuman primates. METHODS: Aortic samples were harvested from the ascending, descending thoracic, suprarenal, and infrarenal regions of young control monkeys and adult monkeys with high fructose consumption for 3 years. The regional heterogeneity of aortic structure and transcriptomes was examined by histological and bulk RNA sequencing analyses, respectively. RESULTS: Immunostaining of CD31 and α SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin) revealed that endothelial and smooth muscle cells were distributed homogeneously across the aortic regions. In contrast, elastic fibers were less abundant and dispersed in the infrarenal aorta compared with other regions and associated with collagen deposition. Bulk RNA sequencing identified a distinct transcriptome related to the Notch signaling pathway in the infrarenal aorta with significantly increased NOTCH3 mRNA compared with other regions. Immunostaining revealed that NOTCH3 protein was increased in the media of the infrarenal aorta. The abundance of medial NOTCH3 was positively correlated with the dispersion of elastic fibers. Adult cynomolgus monkeys with high fructose consumption displayed vascular wall remodeling, such as smooth muscle cell loss and elastic fiber disruption, predominantly in the infrarenal region. The correlation between NOTCH3 and elastic fiber dispersion was enhanced in these monkeys. CONCLUSIONS: Aortas of young cynomolgus monkeys display regional heterogeneity of their transcriptome and the structure of elastin and collagens. Elastic fibers in the infrarenal aorta are dispersed along with upregulation of medial NOTCH3. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Bundling and segregation affect pheromone deposition, but not choice, in an ant

Behavioural economists have identified many psychological manipulations which affect perceived value. A prominent example of this is bundling, in which several small gains (or costs) are experienced as more valuable (or costly) than if the same total amount is presented together. While extensively demonstrated in humans, to our knowledge this effect has never been investigated in an animal, let alone an invertebrate. We trained individual Lasius niger workers to two of three conditions in which either costs (travel distance), gains (sucrose reward), or both were either bundled or segregated: (1) both costs and gains bundled, (2) both segregated, and (3) only gains segregated. We recorded pheromone deposition on the ants’ return trips to the nest as measure of perceived value. After training, we offer the ants a binary choice between odours associated with the treatments. While bundling treatment did not affect binary choice, it strongly influenced pheromone deposition. Ants deposited c. 80% more pheromone when rewards were segregated but costs bundled as compared with both costs and rewards being bundled. This pattern is further complicated by the pairwise experience each animal made, and which of the treatments it experiences first during training. This demonstrates that even insects are influenced by bundling effects. We propose that the deviation between binary choice and pheromone deposition in this case may be due to a possible linearity in distance perception in ants, while almost all other sensory perception in animals is logarithmic.
The role of micro RNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of Drosophila melanogaster’s innate immunity

ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs ~19–22 nt long which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Their ability to exhibit dynamic expression patterns coupled with their wide variety of targets allows miRNAs to regulate many processes, including the innate immune response of Drosophila melanogaster. Recent studies have identified miRNAs in Drosophila which are differentially expressed during infection with different pathogens as well as miRNAs that may affect immune signalling when differentially expressed. This review provides an overview of miRNAswhich have been identified to play a role in the immune response of Drosophila through targeting of the Toll and IMD signalling pathways and other immune processes. It will also explore the role of miRNAs in fine-tuning the immune response in Drosophila and highlight current gaps in knowledge regarding the role of miRNAs in immunity and areas for further research.
Synthetic nanobodies as tools to distinguish IgG Fc glycoforms

Significance On proteins, glycans are attached through stepwise construction of linear or branched structures, ultimately leading to families of highly related but nonequivalent glycoproteins known as glycoforms. On immunoglobulin G (IgG), differences in glycosylation of the fragment crystallizable domain (Fc) modulate its ability to signal to leukocytes to execute critical antibody effector functions. Despite burgeoning interest in understanding the complexities of IgG Fc glycoforms, there is an evident scarcity of tools available to study them. Here, we identify nanobodies which we use to study and manipulate specific IgG glycoforms in vitro and in vivo.
Effects of domain, grain, and magnetic anisotropy distributions on magnetic permeability: Monte-Carlo approach

We have investigated the effects of domain and grain anisotropy on spin-resonance in magnetic permeability, implementing a Monte-Carlo approach and a coupled Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The Monte-Carlo approach provides great flexibility by employing different probability density functions, allowing modeling of material texture differences that may occur due to different preparation methods. Changes in the permeability tensor result from variations in grain demagnetization and domain demagnetization as well as the anisotropy field relative to saturation magnetization. Experimental permeability measurements on demagnetized polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet show for the first time that the best fit to measured data requires a complex distribution of both grain and domain demagnetization factors. Assuming that grain and domain demagnetizations are decoupled, it was found that the grain structure (i.e., grain demagnetization distribution) has a smaller effect on the frequency-dependent permeability th.