Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The interplay of structure and metamorphism at Broken Hill, NSW, Australia

Abstract Downward younging of stratigraphy in several large F2 fold structures in the Paleoproterozoic Willyama Supergroup in the Broken Hill area has previously been explained by very large-scale F1 nappe folds followed by relatively upright F2 and F3 folds. In three major structures, the Mt Robe–East Eldee Structure, the Paps Synform and the Bijerkerno Synform, the andalusite-sillimanite metamorphic isograd parallels stratigraphy for tens of kilometres. Given the conformability of these segments of isograd in plan view, it is reasonable to suggest that in two of the structures, sillimanite-grade rocks rest on andalusite-grade rocks. In all cases the younger stratigraphic units are at lower metamorphic grade than the older stratigraphic units, whether the stratigraphy is upright, as in the Bijerkerno Synform, or inverted, as in the Mt Robe-East Eldee Structure and the Paps Synform. Major bodies (mini-batholiths) of pegmatite are confined stratigraphically to below the Sundown Group, whether the stratigraphy is upright or overturned. In the D1 nappe model the andalusite-sillimanite isograd and the emplacement of pegmatite mini-batholiths must both predate the D1 nappe folding. There is evidence that andalusite preceded D1, but not sillimanite, which is a defining mineral in the first-generation schistosity (S1). The large-scale nappe model is also not compatible with calculated metamorphic pressures. An alternative model involving extensional D1, followed by D2 sheath folds, explains downward-facing metamorphic facies but is not viable. Large-scale fold structures in the Mt Robe Block can be explained by recumbent folding at a moderate scale, followed by inclined sheath folding. The downward-facing stratigraphy and metamorphic facies in the Mt Robe and Paps synforms are interpreted to lie on the underside of inclined F2 sheath-like folds. KEY POINTS In major fold structures in the Willyama Supergroup, upper stratigraphic units are at a lower metamorphic grade than lower stratigraphic units, whether the fold is upward-facing or downward-facing. In two large F2 folds sillimanite-grade rocks showing melting are situated above andalusite-grade rocks. Pegmatitic mini-batholiths show semi-regional stratigraphic control below the top of the Broken Hill Group, whether they are in upward or downward-facing fold limbs. A new structural model with D1 recumbent folding, followed by D2 sheath-like folding, is based on structures in the Mt Robe Block.
Defining and aiding “the Namibian refugee”: a history of the Chaplaincy to Namibians in Exile, 1974-76

ABSTRACT This article presents a history of the Chaplaincy to Namibians in Exile, focused on how the Chaplaincy’s first leader, Salatiel Ailonga, and his Finnish missionary wife, Anita Ailonga, defined and aided “the Namibian refugee. ” The article discusses how Southern African liberation movements and host governments generally used the term “refugee,” before tracing the Ailongas’ particular intervention on behalf of displaced Namibians in mid-1970s Zambia and their entanglement with the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO)’s internal politics during that period. By presenting this history, the article illuminates a pivotal moment in Namibia’s exile past, during which SWAPO officials established a more centralized and hierarchical aid regime. Also, the paper suggests the value of biography for pushing beyond nationalist discourse on struggle-era humanitarianism and for developing an historical perspective on what it means to be a refugee.
Molecular Characterization of Genetic Diversity in Apricot Cultivars: Current Situation and Future Perspectives

In the recent years, an important renewal of apricot cultivars is taking place worldwide with the introduction of a large number of new releases, which are replacing traditional and local cultivars in many situations. To study the current genetic diversity, a group of 202 apricot accessions, including landraces and releases from breeding programs in several countries, has been characterized using 13 microsatellite markers. The diversity parameters showed higher diversity in modern releases than in landraces, but also suggested a loss of diversity associated with recent breeding. Two main clusters according to the pedigree origin of the accessions were clearly differentiated in the phylogenetic analysis based on Nei’s genetic distance. The first group comprised mostly European and North American traditional cultivars, and the second group included the majority of recent and commercial releases from breeding programs. Further population analyses showed the same clustering trend on the distribution of individuals and clusters, confirming the results obtained in the molecular phylogenetic analysis. These results provide a sight of the erosion and the decrease of the genetic diversity in the currently grown apricot and highlight the importance of preserve traditional cultivars and local germplasm to assure genetic resources for further breeding.
Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management works—How switching from mobile to static fishing gear improves populations of fished and non‐fished species inside a marine‐protected area

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Applied Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society School of Biological & Marine Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
Impact of Foliar Fungicides on Frogeye Leaf Spot Severity, Radiation Use Efficiency and Yield of Soybean in Iowa

Frogeye leaf spot, caused by Cercospora sojina K. Hara, is a major soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) disease that has become more prevalent in the upper Midwest and can be managed with foliar fungicides. Incorporating disease severity into a parameter directly related to yield may better relay the impact of disease on yield and yield components than severity alone. Experiments during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons in fields located in north central and southwestern Iowa were completed to (i) determine how foliar fungicides affected frogeye leaf spot, remotely sensed plant health indicators, and soybean yield, and (ii) compare the relationship and impact of foliar fungicides and frogeye leaf spot on radiation-use efficiency (RUE) estimated using unmanned aerial vehicle reflectance data. Fungicides affected frogeye severity and yield in one of the three locations; in Lewis 2018, the flutriafol + fluoxastrobin treatment reduced frogeye leaf spot severity by over 50% and increased yield by 19% compared to non-treated controls. Applications of foliar fungicides increased canopy coverage compared to non-treated controls (p = 0.012), but NDVI, SPAD values, and RUE values did not differ between fungicide treatments at all three locations. Estimated soybean RUE values (1.05 to 1.66 g Mj−1) were within the range of known values. Overall, this study indicates that RUE can be a valuable resource to estimate the impact of the disease on yield, however, additional research will be needed to use RUE within certain pathosystems.
The impact of online shopping attributes on customer satisfaction and loyalty: Moderating effects of e-commerce experience

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has expedited the growth of e-commerce in South Africa, as in global markets, strengthening online shopping exchange relationships. Businesses seek advanced models of the online shopping dimensions that are appropriate for tailoring services to customers. The data collected included customers’ perceived information quality, privacy concerns, perceived security, product variety, and product delivery as antecedents of customer satisfaction, while information quality and satisfaction were specified as key determinants of customer loyalty. A total of 287 completed responses were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results indicate that the customer satisfaction of online shoppers is influenced by product delivery, perceived security, information quality, and product variety. Customer satisfaction and information quality determine customers’ loyalty towards web stores. In its originality, the paper reveals that product delivery and satisfaction relationship are moderated by e-commerce experience exceeding five years. The paper concludes with managerial implications for online shopping in aiming to build customer loyalty.
A Charge-Sharing Locking Technique With a General Phase Noise Theory of Injection Locking

This article presents a millimeter-wave (mmW) frequency synthesizer based on a new charge-sharing locking (CSL) technique. A charge-preset capacitor is introduced for charge sharing with a resonant <italic>LC</italic>-tank for phase correction, while the resulting charge residue on the sharing capacitor is processed by a digital frequency-tracking loop (FTL) against the process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. Furthermore, a general phase noise (PN) theory of CSL, with injection locking (IL) being a special case, is proposed based on a unified multirate <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-domain model, supporting any frequency division ratio <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and CSL (or IL) strength <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The new theory sheds light not only on all IL-like PN phenomena (chiefly, its “loop” bandwidth being up to half of the reference frequency, and the oscillator PN increasing 3 dB beyond the “loop” cutoff frequency) but also on how to choose the CSL bandwidth via the sharing capacitor in order to optimize the rms jitter performance. The prototype in 28-nm CMOS achieves 77-fs rms jitter in 21.75—26.25 GHz while consuming 16.5 mW for mmW quadrature frequency generation.
Executive function ratings in educational settings: concurrent relations with cognitive and affective theory of mind

ABSTRACT The present study examined the way in which behavioural difficulties in cool and hot EFs relate to measures of cognitive and affective ToM in preschoolers. A total of 144 children between 35 and 71 months were assessed with a first-order false-belief task (measuring cognitive ToM), the Test of Emotion Comprehension (measuring affective ToM) and a control task measuring productive language. Teachers filled in the preschool version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-P), a questionnaire examining children's difficulties in educational settings in five different areas tapping both cool (Working Memory, Shift, Plan/Organize) and hot EFs (Inhibition and Emotional Control). Multiple regressions showed that cognitive ToM was predicted by productive language and executive difficulties in the Working Memory subscales of the BRIEF-P, whereas affective ToM was only predicted by age and productive language. Similarities and differences with the results of previous studies are discussed.
School Alienation Among Adolescents in Switzerland and Luxembourg: The Role of Parent and Peer Supportive Attitudes Toward School and Teacher Autonomy Support

Prior research has shown that socialization agents such as parents, peers, and teachers can play a significant role in adolescents’ educational outcomes, both through direct support or indirectly via supportive attitudes that foster students’ bonding to school and academic motivation. However, less is known about the effects of parent and peer supportive attitudes and teacher autonomy support on unfavorable educational outcomes such as school alienation. This study investigated the role of socialization agents in the development of school alienation among 544 secondary school students in Switzerland and 535 secondary school students in Luxembourg in grades 7 to 9. Results of structural equation modeling showed that the role of socialization agents varies across the school alienation domains and educational contexts, with peers having the most substantial impact on all three domains of alienation in both countries.
Electrochemical Behaviour of Tocopherols: Possibilities of Their Simultaneous Voltammetric Detection

An electroanalytical study for possible simultaneous detection of three naturally occurring isomers of vitamin E (α, γ, and δ-tocopherol) was performed. This research includes several optimization steps, such as selection of electrode material, composition of working medium, selection of electrochemical technique, and parameters of square-wave voltammetry (SWV), to reach a well-defined recognition of peaks. A glassy carbon electrode, 99.9% acetonitrile containing 0.1 mol L−1 lithium perchlorate, SWV at the potential step of 1 mV, potential amplitude of 25 mV, and frequency of 25 Hz were decided as the most suitable working conditions. Nevertheless, the corresponding anodic peaks were not sufficiently separated due to their overlapping. Thus, four standard evaluation methods (polynomial or linear baseline, zero base, and deconvolution) were compared, and the last-mentioned method was chosen as optimum. Similar linear ranges from 3.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−5 mol L−1 were obtained for α, γ, and δ-tocopherol, characterized by determination coefficient of 0.998, 0.985, and 0.994, quantification limits of 11.28, 2.70, and 3.67 × 10−6 mol L−1 and detection limits of 3.72, 0.89, and 1.21 × 10−6 mol L−1, respectively. A recovery from 72.0 to 128.5% for different concetration ratios of tocopherols has been achieved. This recovery range is in the accordance with values reported for liquid chromatography.
Integrating Praxis Through the Research Process: Caregivers for Older Americans During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Abstract While applied anthropological research is sometimes envisioned as a linear process, we present an alternative view based on our research with frontline workers providing long‐term care (LTC) for older adults during COVID‐19. We completed a rapid qualitative assessment in central North Carolina from May to November 2020. We conducted data analysis as we continued to collect data and implemented activities and interventions along the way. We report emerging findings that included the deleterious effects of isolation on older adults in both congregate and community‐based LTC, the value of creatively using technology as an avenue for communication and engagement, the importance of leadership and flexibility, as well as an abundance of mental health struggles LTC workers faced in caring for older adults during COVID‐19. We present how we were able to address these in a variety of ways during the inductive research process because of iterative analysis that occurred alongside continued data collection.
Life Cycle Assessment of Spinach Produced in Central and Southern Italy

Environmental sustainability continues to attract global interest, especially due to the issue of climate change. The agri-food sector is considered a major contributor to climate change as processes and activities within the sector can negatively impact the environment. The recent changing dietary pattern towards increased vegetable consumption implies a consequent increase in production to meet demand. This study assessed the environmental performance of 1 kg of spinach/FU (Functional Unit) cultivated by different producers in Italy under integrated and organic farming systems. The life cycle assessment was used following the CML_IA impact assessment method. The data used was mainly primary, related to 2019/2020 (harvest period), and representative of the cultivation systems of central and southern Italy. From the results obtained, impact scores for central Italy were higher (e.g., for global warming 0.56 and 0.47 kg CO2 eq. for central and southern respectively). There was high variability among the scores obtained. However, no statistically significant differences were observed at a confidence level of 95% (p < 0.05). Integrated farming was also more impacting than organic for most categories (e.g., for global warming 0.20 kg CO2 eq. for integrated and 0.075 kg CO2 eq. for organic) in Cerignola, Puglia region. Emissions from fertilizer, pesticide, tillage, and combine harvesting were major contributors to impact shares. The results of this study will be helpful to ensure sustainable spinach production and consumption.
High spatial‐resolution monitoring to investigate nitrate export and its drivers in a mesoscale river catchment along an anthropogenic land‐cover gradient

Nitrate monitoring is commonly conducted with low‐spatial resolution, only at the outlet or at a small number of selected locations. As a result, the information about spatial variations in nitrate export and its drivers is scarce. In this study, we present results of high‐spatial resolution monitoring conducted between 2012 and 2017 in 65 sub‐catchments in an Alpine mesoscale river catchment characterized by a land‐use gradient. We combined stable isotope techniques with Bayesian mixing models and geostatistical methods to investigate nitrate export and its main drivers, namely, microbial N turnover processes, land use and hydrological conditions. In the investigated sub‐catchments, mean values of NO3− concentrations and its isotope signatures (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) varied from 2.6 to 26.7 mg L−1, from −1.3‰ to 13.1‰, and from −0.4‰ to 10.1‰, respectively. In this study, land use was an important driver for nitrate export. Very strong and strong positive correlations were found between percentages of agricultural land cover and δ15NNO3, and NO3− concentration, respectively. Mean proportional contributions of NO3− sources varied spatially and seasonally, and followed land‐use patterns. The mean contribution of manure and sewage was much higher in the catchments characterized by a high percentage of agricultural and urban land cover comparing to forested sub‐catchments. Specific NO3− loads were strongly correlated with specific discharge and moderately correlated with NO3− concentrations. The nitrate isotope and concentration analysis results suggest that nitrate from external sources is stored and accumulated in soil storage pools. Nitrification of reduced nitrogen species in those pools plays the most important role for the N‐dynamics in the Erlauf river catchment. Consequently, nitrification of reduced N sources was the main nitrate source except for a number of sub‐catchments dominated by agricultural land use. In the Erlauf catchment, denitrification plays only a minor role in controlling NO3− export on a regional scale.
How and when does syntax perpetuate stereotypes? Probing the framing effects of subject-complement statements of equality

Abstract Although subject-complement statements like “girls are as good as boys at math” appear to express gender equality, people infer a gender difference: the group in the complement position (boys) is judged superior. We investigated (1) whether this syntactic framing effect generalizes to other socially charged inferences and (2) whether awareness of the bias implied by the syntax mitigates its influence. Across four preregistered experiments (N = 2,734), we found reliable framing effects on inferences about both math ability and terrorist behavior, but only for the small subset of participants (∼30%) who failed to identify the influence of the subject-complement statements on their judgments. Most participants did recognize this influence, and these participants showed reduced or even reversed framing effects; they were also more likely to explicitly judge subject-complement syntax as biased. Our findings suggest that this syntax perpetuates stereotypes only when people are oblivious to, or unmotivated to interrogate, its implications.
Does Entrepreneurship Make You Happier? A Comparative Analysis Between Entrepreneurs and Wage Earners.

Currently, age is characterized, on the one hand, by the existence of governance systems that are gradually eroding the Welfare State and, on the other hand, by the implementation of business management models based on precarious work and a massive reduction in jobs. This work aims to analyze the degree of happiness perceived in the group of Spanish entrepreneurs (either with or without employees), compared to that perceived by employees (whether permanent or temporary); and if that happiness is associated with certain socio-demographic variables gender, level of studies and income level). For this reason, there is a need to consider these working hypotheses proposed. Starting with the general null variable (H0), its opposite is established: H1. There is a relationship between the type of professional situation (employee, businessperson, self-employed, cooperative, etc.) and happiness; that is, there is an association between the different employment categories (represented by the variable professional situation) and the value given to the variable that measures the degree of perceived happiness. The averages of the distributions for each category are not similar. Keywords: Happiness, Entrepreneur, Wage Earners, Well-being, Professional Situation.
The Impact of Adoption of The XBRL on the Development of Stock Markets

The paper examines the impact of adoption of the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) on the development of stock markets using a large international sample. Our analysis was based on panel estimation techniques for 18 countries for a period of 20 years from 2000 to 2019. Our analysis provided empirical evidence that the adoption of the XBRL has a negative impact on the development of stock markets. This implies that strict policies are needed for the successful adoption of the XBRL and also a mechanism is needed to ensure that stakeholders understand the value of the information provided by the XBRL formatted financial reports. Keywords: XBRL, development of capital markets, panel estimation techniques, cross-countries study
Effects of reaction temperature and raw material type on optical properties and crystal phase growth of Solid state synthesized NiSb2O6 nanomaterials

Nanostructured NiSb2O6 samples were synthesized via solid state reactions at the reaction temperatures of 600, 700 and 800 °C using Sb2O3, Ni(CH3COO)2.2H2O and Ni(NO3)2.6H2O as raw materials. Parameters of reaction temperature and raw materials types were investigated for the crystal phase growth study. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) technique, fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods were used to investigate the textural properties of the obtained samples. Rietveld analyses showed that the obtained materials were crystallized well in the tetragonal crystal structure with the space group of P42/mnm. The lattice parameters of the targets were about a = b = 4.64 A and c = 9.22 A. The data revealed that the crystal phase purity of the as-synthesized nanomaterials was increased with increasing the reaction temperature from 600 to 800 °C. Besides, the data indicated that the synthesis reactions using Ni(NO3)2.6H2O generated a better crystalline growth and purity compared to Ni(CH3COO)2.2H2O raw material in a certain reaction temperature. The morphologies of the synthesized materials were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) technique. The FESEM images showed that the homogeneity of the synthesized powder was improved when Ni(NO3)2.6H2O was used as raw material. Ultraviolet-visible spectra showed that the synthesized NiSb2O6 nanomaterials had strong light absorption in the ultraviolet light region. The calculated direct optical band gaps tendency showed that the band gaps were increased with increasing the reaction temperature.