Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetries in the Earth's dayside magnetosheath: results from global hybrid-Vlasov simulations

Abstract. Bounded by the bow shock and the magnetopause, the magnetosheath forms the interface between solar wind and magnetospheric plasmas and regulates solar wind–magnetosphere coupling. Previous works have revealed pronounced dawn–dusk asymmetries in the magnetosheath properties. The dependence of these asymmetries on the upstream parameters remains however largely unknown. One of the main sources of these asymmetries is the bow shock configuration, which is typically quasi-parallel on the dawn side and quasi-perpendicular on the dusk side of the terrestrial magnetosheath because of the Parker spiral orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) at Earth. Most of these previous studies rely on collections of spacecraft measurements associated with a wide range of upstream conditions which are processed in order to obtain average values of the magnetosheath parameters. In this work, we use a different approach and quantify the magnetosheath asymmetries in global hybrid-Vlasov simulations performed with the Vlasiator model. We concentrate on three parameters: the magnetic field strength, the plasma density, and the flow velocity. We find that the Vlasiator model reproduces the polarity of the asymmetries accurately but that their level tends to be higher than in spacecraft measurements, probably because the magnetosheath parameters are obtained from a single set of upstream conditions in the simulation, making the asymmetries more prominent. A set of three runs with different upstream conditions allows us to investigate for the first time how the asymmetries change when the angle between the IMF and the Sun–Earth line is reduced and when the Alfvén Mach number decreases. We find that a more radial IMF results in a stronger magnetic field asymmetry and a larger variability of the magnetosheath density. In contrast, a lower Alfvén Mach number leads to a reduced magnetic field asymmetry and a decrease in the variability of the magnetosheath density, the latter likely due to weaker foreshock processes. Our results highlight the strong impact of the quasi-parallel shock and its associated foreshock on global magnetosheath properties, in particular on the magnetosheath density, which is extremely sensitive to transient quasi-parallel shock processes, even with the perfectly steady upstream conditions in our simulations. This could explain the large variability of the density asymmetry levels obtained from spacecraft measurements in previous studies.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Cross-Linked Co-poly(itaconic anhydride-methyl methacrylate): The Effects of the Molar Ratio and Cross-Linking Agent on the Thermal Stability

In the present work, a new series of cross-linked copolymers based on itaconic anhydride and methyl methacrylate were prepared employing free radical copolymerization in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator and 2-butanone as a solvent under microwave irradiation. The copolymers containing itaconic anhydride (ITA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were chosen due to the formation of long-term stable anhydride moieties, which might be useful to attach enzymes covalently with numerous applications in water treatment. The copolymerization process was carried out in the presence of two types of cross-linking agent, namely, ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and divinylbenzene (DVB) in a range of 0-20% (w/w) to explore their effect on the thermal and stiffness properties of the obtained cross-linked copolymers. Increasing the ratio of the cross-linking agent, the copolymers prefer to precipitate rather than form a gel during the polymerization process. While using ethylene dimethacrylate as a cross-linking agent, the copolymers change from porous to stiffness structures depending on the molar ratio of the monomers used during the polymerization. On the other hand, using divinylbenzene as a cross-linking agent, the stiffness structure was obtained in all cases and there is no effect observed for the monomer’s ratio or the percentage of cross-linking agent on the morphology of the prepared copolymers.
Financing behavior of R&D investments in the emerging markets: The role of alliance and financial system

This paper examines the financing behaviour of R&D investments in emerging markets. Drawing on institutional theory and using panel data of generalized methods of moment (GMM) estimation for a sample of 302 firms from 20 countries during the period 2003-2015, we find that emerging market firms tend to use internal funds for financing R&D investments. Interesting results emerged when the sample was divided as alliance and non-alliance firms, and bank-based and market-based financial systems. The results show that R&D financing behaves differently for alliance and non-alliance firms. Alliance firms use both internal and external funds for R&D investments, while non-alliance firms do not use external funds. We also document that a country’s financial system influences the choice of available sources of finance. Firms from countries that follow a bank-based financial system tend to rely on external funds while firms from countries that follow a market-based financial system depend more on internal funds for financing R&D investments. This study is important as it provides new evidence on financing R&D investments in emerging countries taking into account the institutional arguments of financing choices, and so should guide stakeholders about appropriate sources of R&D financing.
Multiple and total arterial coronary artery bypass grafting

There is still a discouraging discrepancy between evidence and “real world” surgical practice when it comes to the use of more than 1 arterial graft in coronary artery bypass grafting. Abundant data from observational studies have confirmed the superiority of multiple and total arterial revascularization approaches in terms of long-term survival. However, it is claimed that allocation treatment bias and unmeasured bias might have contributed to these results. On the other hand, the largest trial (ART) comparing single internal thoracic artery plus saphenous vein grafts versus bilateral internal thoracic arteries did not prove significant survival benefit in the intention-to-treat analysis. The high crossover rate between the 2 arms of the trial and the frequent use of radial artery in the single internal thoracic artery arm might have further narrowed the potential difference between the 2 grafting strategies. However sufficient and consistent support for the use of more than 1 arterial graft exists. The main features to consider when selecting the type of coronary revascularization are life expectancy, patient’s comorbidities, and surgeon’s skills and experience.
Achievement Motivation and Emotional Intelligence in Elite Female and Male Wrestlers

Achievement motivation is the tendency to act towards a specific goal attainment that makes it possible to gain personal fulfilment even if it is necessary to surmount some obstacles. According to studies described in the literature of the subject, it is associated with emotional intelligence, which plays an adaptive role. Emotional competences help the individual to cope with different situations. The study sought to diagnose achievement motivation and emotional intelligence and to establish correlations between them in elite female and male wrestlers. The study included 11 female and 64 male Greco-Roman wrestlers aged 16-26. Two comparative groups (11 females and 11 males) were formed for the needs of the comparative analysis. The analysis of research results makes it possible to state that in the examined group of female and male wrestlers, the dimensions of both achievement motivation and of emotional intelligence fall within the range of average results. The study revealed significant differences in the results concerning the levels of achievement motivation in women and men. The men demonstrated higher levels of eagerness to learn, pride in productivity, engagement, competitiveness and flow than the women. An overall result obtained with the use of LMI was also higher in male wrestlers. Furthermore, male competitors were found to exhibit significantly higher levels of ambition. A number of correlations between particular dimensions of emotional intelligence and achievement motivation were noted; however, it also refers to factor results. Intrapersonal emotional intelligence was correlated with self-assurance and self-control, whereas general emotional intelligence was correlated with self-assurance and ambition. It is recommended that psychological training and long-term cooperation with sports psychologists should be implemented in the wrestling training process. Achievement motivation and emotional intelligence are factors that help the individual to cope better with stress/difficult situations both within and outside the sport. The study is a contribution to the discussion on the issue of the professionalization of wrestling in Poland. © Idōkan Poland Association “IDO MOVEMENT FOR CULTURE. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology”, Vol. 20, no. 1 (2020), pp. 14–22 DOI: 10.14589/ido.20. 1.2
Clinical efficacy and prognosis of chemotherapy regimen of apatinib combined with paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer

Objective: To explore and analyze the clinical efficacy and prognosis of a chemotherapy regimen of apatinib combined with paclitaxel in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Methods: A total of 90 patients with advanced ovarian cancer having undergone and failed treatment with second-line chemotherapy who were admitted in our hospital from July 2014 to March 2016 were randomly selected and divided into a control group and a research group, 45 patients in each group. The control group was treated with apatinib alone, while the research group was treated with apatinib combined with paclitaxel. The two groups were compared in efficacy and adverse reactions after 6 cycles of treatment, and compared in their serum CA125 and CA199 levels before and after treatment, and then analyzed in prognosis and prognostic determinants. Results: The research group showed significantly higher total effective treatment rates than the control group (P < 0.05) and showed no significant difference with the control group in adverse reactions (P>0.05); before treatment, the two groups showed no significant difference in serum CA125 and CA199 levels (both P>0.05), while after treatment, the two groups showed significant decreased serum CA125 and CA199 levels (both P < 0.05) and the research group showed significantly lower serum CA125 and CA199 levels than the control group (both P < 0.05); the research group showed significantly higher 3-year survival rates and progression-free survival rates than the control group; multivariate cox analysis found that pathological stage, diabetes, hypertension and treatment method were all independent risk factors for poor prognosis of advanced ovarian cancer. Conclusion: Apatinib combined with paclitaxel is superior to apatinib alone for patients with advanced ovarian cancer in efficacy, because it can significantly improve serum CA125 and CA199, and survival rates and progression-free survival for patients. In addition, pathological stage, underlying disease and treatment method are independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer.
Effect of Current Ratio, Return on Asset, Net Profit Margin and Debt to Equity Ratio on Dividend Pay Out Ratio (For company listed in the LQ45 on Indonesian Stock Exchange)

This study aims to determine Effect of Current Ratio, Return On Assets, Net Profit Margin, and Debt to Equity Ratio on Dividend Payout Ratio for companies listed in the LQ45 index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2018. This study uses a quantitative type of descriptive research approach, which is measured by panel data and multiple linear methods with EViews 10. The population in this study are companies listed in the LQ45 index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2018. The research sample of 10 companies was obtained by purposive sampling technique, so that the total observations in this study were 60 observations. The data used in this study is secondary data. The technique of collecting data uses documentation methods through the official IDX website: www.idx. co.id. Testing the hypothesis in this study using the t test (partially) and F test (simultaneously). The results of partial studies (t test) show that (1) Current Ratio has a significant effect on Dividend Payout Ratio. (2) Return on Assets does not have a significant effect on Dividend Payout Ratio. (3) Net Profit Margin has no significant effect on Dividend Payout Ratio. (4) Debt to Equity Ratio has no significant effect on Dividend Payout Ratio. Whereas the F test (Model Test) shows that the estimated regression model is feasible to use to explain the effect (5). Current Ratio, Return On Assets, Net Profit Margin, and Debt to Equity Ratio to the dependent variable Dividend Payout Ratio.
Microbiological and Physicochemical Evaluation of Oil-polluted Soil from Major Auto Mechanic Shops in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

The capability of microorganisms to utilize spent oil in polluted soil from some major auto mechanic workshops in Port Harcourt metropolis as the sole source of carbon and energy was studied. Soil samples were collected from three (3) Auto mechanic workshops (Mile 3 Mechanic Village (N 4o48' 34.07'', E 6o59' 10.17''), Ikoku Mechanic Workshop (N 4o47' 54.28'', E 6o59' 36.42'') and Elekahia Zone H Mechanic Workshop (N4o49' 11.62'', E 7o1' 16.58'') in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria from depths of 0–30 cm, 30–60 cm and 60–90 cm at the same spot from each station. Soil samples were analysed microbiologically and physicochemically using standard methods. The control sample was obtained behind the Biology Building of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt. The results of the total heterotrophic bacterial and fungal counts showed that the microbial load was high at a depth of 0 to 30 cm for all the samples analysed including the control. With 60-90 cm depth, low microbial counts were obtained. The total heterotrophic bacterial counts from the three mechanic workshops ranged from 6.8 X 10 8 to 2.3 X 10 9 cfu/g while the total heterotrophic fungal counts Original Research Article Williams and Akemi; JAMB, 20(3): 1-10, 2020; Article no.JAMB. 54039 2 ranged from 1.3 X 10 to 8.0X 10 cfu/g. The spent oil-utilizing microbial populations ranged from1.0 X 10 5 to 3.0 X 10 6 cfu/g and1.0 X 10 5 to 8.0 X 10 5 cfu/g for the bacterial and fungal counts respectively. Five spent oil utilizing bacterial isolates of the genera, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Micrococcus and Proteus and five fungal isolates of the genera, Penicillium, Candida, Rhizopus, Fusarium and Aspergillus were obtained from spent oil-polluted soil in this study. The pollution index of the different physicochemical parameters obtained from the different sample stations was as follows: Electrical Conductivity (EC): Mile 3 had the highest with the mean of 12.50 ±0.0-13.20±0.0μs/cm, while Ikoku had the lowest with mean of 10.99 ± 0.0-11.50 ± 0.0 μs/cm. Ikoku had the highest pH level with mean of 7.0 ± 0.08. 5 ± 0.0 while Mile 3 had the lowest pH level with mean of 6.5 ± 0.0-7.59 ± 0.0. Ikoku had the highest Total Organic Carbon (TOC) with mean of 17.55 ± 0.0-20.60 ± 0.0 mg/kg while Elekahia had the lowest with the mean of 16.99 ± 0.0-18.0 ± 0.0 mg/kg. Ikoku had the highest Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) with mean of 38,862 ± 0.0-40,500 ± 0.0 mg/kg while Mile 3 had the lowest with the mean of 20,550 ± 0.0-30,000 ± 0.0 mg/kg. From the Pollution Index Analysis, Ikoku Auto Mechanic Workshop is more contaminated with Spent oil than Mile 3 and Elekahia.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

A study conducted in 2017 and 2018 investigated components of yield (CY) from upland rice plants predisposed to water stress at anthesis and germinability indices (GI) of harvested seeds stored at different storage temperatures. Sixteen treatments comprising four rice cultivars: CG14, NERICA2, NERICA4 and FARO-66 predisposed to four periods of water stress [5, 10, 15 days interval and 100% Field capacity (control)] at grain filling were laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replicates. Morphological and yield parameters and GI were evaluated following standard procedures. Data were analyzed using linear regression and ANOVA with means separated using Duncan’s multiple range test (p≤0.05). Occurrence of water stress at grain filling had deleterious effects on CY and GI of seeds of FARO-66 cultivar. NERICA4 and CG14 tolerated moisture stress better than NERICA2 and FARO-66. Sterility, unfilled grain and GI are strongly (R=0.87) related to prolonged drought incidence. Occurrence of drought at generative growth stage in rice could cause total crop failure and poor seed germinability. Considering the unpredictability of rainfall season in rainfed farming system, irrigation plan should be essential cultural practice that must be factored into upland rice production to avoid crop failure.
Ownership Structure and Firm Performance

This study implies that diffuse ownership structure negatively affects firm performance. Our study based on empirical evidence found that the ownership structure (the outsider and the insider i.e. managerial ownership) favorably increase the firm performance. Our sample data was based on 200 Malaysian companies listed on the Malaysian stock exchange Bursa Malaysia. We used Tobin’s Q and accounting rate of return for firm performance measurement and compared it with important ownership structure and managerial ownership structure. Our results indicate that both ownership structures have a positive relationship with firm performance.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Historical and future contributions of inland waters to the Congo Basin carbon balance

As the second largest area of contiguous tropical rainforest and second largest river basin in the world, the Congo Basin has a signiﬁcant role to play in the global carbon (C) cycle. For the present day, it has been shown that a signiﬁcant proportion of global terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) is transferred laterally to the land–ocean aquatic continuum (LOAC) as dissolved CO 2 , dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and particulate organic carbon (POC). Whilst the importance of LOAC ﬂuxes in the Congo Basin has been demonstrated for the present day, it is not known to what extent these ﬂuxes have been perturbed historically, how they are likely to change under future climate change and land use scenarios, and in turn what impact these changes might have on the overall C cycle of the basin. Here we apply the ORCHILEAK model to the Congo Basin and estimate that 4 % of terrestrial NPP (NPP = 5800 ± 166 Tg C yr − 1 ) is currently exported from soils and vegetation to inland waters. Further, our results suggest that aquatic C ﬂuxes may have undergone considerable perturbation since 1861 to the present day, with aquatic CO 2 evasion and C export to the coast increasing by 26 % (186 ± 41 to 235 ± 54 Tg C yr − 1 ) and 25 % (12 ± 3 to 15 ± 4 Tg C yr − 1 ), respectively, largely because of rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Moreover, under climate scenario RCP6.0 we predict that this perturbation could continue; over the full simulation period (1861–2099), we estimate that aquatic CO 2 evasion and C export to the coast could increase by 79 % and 67 %, respectively. Finally, we show that the proportion of terrestrial NPP lost to the LOAC could increase from approximately 3 % to 5 % from 1861–2099 as a result of increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations and climate change. However, our future projections of the Congo Basin C ﬂuxes in particular need to be interpreted with some caution due to model limitations. We discuss these limitations, including the wider challenges associated with applying the current generation of land surface models which ignore nutrient dynamics to make future projections of the tropical C cycle, along with potential next steps.
The effectiveness of two Er:YAG laser systems on root canal cleanliness: A Comparative Scanning of Electron Microscope study

Aim: To evaluate the cleaning ability of two different systems of Er:YAG laser endodontic probes and to compare them with conventional root canal treatment. Materials and Methods: Forty five root canals from twenty eight extracted permanent human teeth were cleaned and shaped up to size 40 and 0.06 taper with crown down technique using Profile® rotary nickel titanium instrument under frequent irrigation with Dakins® solution. The root canals were randomly distributed in three groups of fifteen root canals each. Group C: Root canals finally flushed with EDTA 3 % (Tubulicid plus®) for one minute. Group O: Root canals finally irradiated with Er:YAG laser using (Opus 20®) with endodontic probe (RCLase™) for one minute. Group K: Root canals finally irradiated with Er:YAG laser using (KaVo KEY Laser® 3) with optical fiber plug for one minute. The roots were split longitudinally and prepared for scanning electron microscope (SEM). Each root canal was evaluated for debris and smear layer at the coronal, middle and apical thirds.Results: Significantly less smear layer (P 0.05) regarding the amount of debris would be found between the three groups.Conclusions: The use of laser seems to be more effective than conventional root canal treatment in removing smear layer in the apical third regardless the laser probe system.
The By-products of Flexible Contracts and their Interpersonal Differences

Statistics show that over the last decades, the portion of flex workers in the Netherlands has grown quite substantially. Between 2001 and 2011 e.g., the share of flex workers grew from 13 to 18 percent. As on the one hand, this development is perceived as favourable due to the increase in employment opportunities, policymakers have concerns regarding the by-products of flexible working contracts such as the implications regarding employee health, perceived job security and job satisfaction. As previous research has already provided some insights on these matters, this paper empirically extends this literature on these insights by broadening the view of by-products as well as providing empirical evidence for the Netherlands on these by-products. Moreover, this paper sheds the first light on interpersonal differences in the effects of flexible working contracts using the personality traits neuroticism, confidence and extraversion. The results from this paper indicate that the type of contract does affect the level of job satisfaction and that people with high levels of the personality traits neuroticism and confidence perceive flexible working contracts in terms of job satisfaction differently.