Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probing the supersymmetry breaking mechanism using renormalisation group invariants

If supersymmetric particles are discovered, an important problem will be to determine how supersymmetry has been broken. At collider energies, supersymmetry breaking can be parameterised by soft supersymmetry breaking parameters. Several mechanisms for supersymmetry breaking have been proposed, which are all characterised by patterns in the high scale values of these parameters. Therefore, looking for such patterns will give us important clues about the way supersymmetry has been broken in Nature. In this master thesis, we study an approach to find these patterns using Renormalisation Group invariants. We construct sum rules that test properties of the spectrum at the scale of supersymmetry breaking, provided that the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model is a good description of Nature at collider energies and all soft mass parameters and gauge couplings have been determined. Subsequently, we examine to what extent these sum rules can distinguish between different supersymmetry breaking scenarios. It is found that our sum rules provide unambiguous checks in almost all cases.
A Memory Usage Comparison Between Jitana and Soot A Memory Usage Comparison Between Jitana and Soot

There are several factors that make analyzing Android apps to address dependability and security concerns challenging. These factors include (i) resource eﬃciency as analysts need to be able to analyze large code-bases to look for issues that can exist in the application code and underlying platform code; (ii) scalability as today’s cybercriminals deploy attacks that may involve many participating apps; and (iii) in many cases, security analysts often rely on dynamic or hybrid analysis techniques to detect and identify the sources of issues. memory usage between Jitana and Soot , a widely used program analysis and optimization framework for Java. Our evaluation consists of using 18 Android apps, with sizes ranging from 0.02 MB to 80.4 MB. Our empirical evaluations reveal that Jitana requires up to 81% less memory than Soot to analyze an app. At the same time, it can also analyze more components including those belonging to the application and those belonging to the Android framework.
Mathematical Analysis of Partial Differential Equations Modeling Electrostatic MEMS

Micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS), which combine electronics with miniature-size mechanical devices, are essential components of modern technology. It is the mathematical model describing 'electrostatically actuated' MEMS that is addressed in this monograph. Even the simplified models that the authors deal with still lead to very interesting second- and fourth-order nonlinear elliptic equations (in the stationary case) and to nonlinear parabolic equations (in the dynamic case). While nonlinear eigenvalue problems - where the stationary MEMS models fit - are a well-developed field of PDEs, the type of inverse square nonlinearity that appears here helps shed a new light on the class of singular supercritical problems and their specific challenges. Besides the practical considerations, the model is a rich source of interesting mathematical phenomena. Numerics, formal asymptotic analysis, and ODE methods give lots of information and point to many conjectures. However, even in the simplest idealized versions of electrostatic MEMS, one essentially needs the full available arsenal of modern PDE techniques to do the required rigorous mathematical analysis, which is the main objective of this volume. This monograph could therefore be used as an advanced graduate text for a motivational introduction to many recent methods of nonlinear analysis and PDEs through the analysis of a set of equations that have enormous practical significance.
Lipopolysaccharide Activation of the TPL-2/MEK/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade Is Regulated by I (cid:2) B Kinase-Induced Proteolysis of NF- (cid:2) B1 p105†

The MEK kinase TPL-2 (also known as Cot) is required for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade in macrophages and consequent upregulation of genes involved in innate immune responses. In resting cells, TPL-2 forms a stoichiometric complex with NF- (cid:1) B1 p105, which negatively regulates its MEK kinase activity. Here, it is shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of primary macrophages causes the release of both long and short forms of TPL-2 from p105 and that TPL-2 MEK kinase activity is restricted to this p105-free pool. Activation of TPL-2, MEK, and ERK by LPS is also demonstrated to require proteasome-mediated proteolysis. p105 is known to be proteolysed by the proteasome following stimulus-induced phosphorylation of two serines in its PEST region by the I (cid:1) B kinase (IKK) complex. Expression of a p105 point mutant, which is not susceptible to signal-induced proteolysis, in RAW264.7 macrophages impairs LPS-induced release of TPL-2 from p105 and its subsequent activation of MEK. Furthermore, expression of wild-type but not mutant p105 reconstitutes LPS stimulation of MEK and ERK phosphorylation in primary NF- (cid:1) B1-deﬁcient macrophages. Consistently, pharmacological blockade of IKK inhibits LPS-induced release of TPL-2 from p105 and TPL-2 activation. These data show that IKK-induced p105 proteolysis is essential for LPS activation of TPL-2, thus revealing a novel function of IKK in the regulation of the ERK MAP kinase cascade. Western blotting, anti-p105C antibody was used to detect total p105 (29), and a previously described anti-phospho-S 927 -p105 antibody (29) was used to detect p105 phosphor- ylated on serine 927. A commercial anti-TPL-2 antibody (Santa Cruz) was used to detect TPL-2 on Western blots. Antibodies against MEK-1/2, phospho(S217/ S221)-MEK-1/2 (activated MEK-1/2; phospho-MEK), p38, and phospho(T180/ Y182)-p38 (activated p38; phospho-p38) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Anti-ERK-1b was generously provided by and anti-phospho(T185/Y187)-ERK (activated ERK; phospho-ERK) was purchased from Biosource. Antibodies used to immunoprecipitate and Western blot HA epitope-tagged proteins have been described previously (20). Tubulin (detected with TAT-1 anti- (cid:3) -tubulin mono-clonal was used as a loading control protein on Western blots of total cell
Tissue-Speciﬁc Localization of an Abscisic Acid Biosynthetic Enzyme, AAO3, in Arabidopsis 1

Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3) is an enzyme involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis in response to drought stress. Since the enzyme catalyzes the last step of the pathway, ABA production sites may be determined by the presence of AAO3. Here, AAO3 localization was investigated using AAO3 promoter: AAO3-GFP transgenic plants and by an immunohistochemical technique. AAO3-GFP protein exhibited an activity to produce ABA from abscisic aldehyde, and the transgene restored the wilty phenotype of the aao3 mutant. GFP-ﬂuorescence was detected in the root tips, vascular bundles of roots, hypocotyls and inﬂorescence stems, and along the leaf veins. Intense immunoﬂuorescence signals were localized in phloem companion cells and xylem parenchyma cells. Faint but signiﬁcant GFP- and immuno-ﬂuorescence signals were observed in the leaf guard cells. In situ hybridization with antisense AAO3 mRNA showed AAO3 mRNA expression in the guard cells of dehydrated leaves. These results indicate that the ABA synthesized in vascular systems is transported to various target tissues and cells, and also that the guard cells themselves are able to synthesize ABA.
PATIENT MEDICATION COUNSELLING PRACTICE ON DISPENSING OF MEDICINES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN OUTPATIENT PHARMACIES OF BAHIR DAR CITY, NORTHWEST ETHIOPIA

Dispensing drugs with appropriate counseling is a critical part of the drug use process. Proper counseling will result in an improvement in patient compliance and its therapeutic outcome. Regardless of the modern facilities, extensive education, and careful diagnosis, in reality, inappropriate or incorrect dispensing results in all the benefits of the health care system valueless and contributes for the raise of drug resistance to a dangerously high level. Despite this, globally more than half of all medicines are dispensed or sold inappropriately. This study was aimed at assessing patient medication counseling practice on dispensing of medicines and its predictors in outpatient pharmacies of Bahir Dar city, 2020. A cross-sectional study was employed using an observational checklist and interviewer-administered questionnaire to all outpatient pharmacies of Bahir Dar city with considering only one dispenser as a participant from each
Antimicrobialsusceptibilityof bacteria isolated from goats with subclinical mastitis in the Southern Marmara region of Turkey

The mastitis of dairy goats is a disease of the economic importance worldwide and is mostly associated with bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to isolate the bacteriae causing subclinical mastitis, and determine to the susceptibility of some clinical isolates against several antimicrobial agents frequently used to control bacterial subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in the Southern Marmara Region. A total of 68 Saanen goats were used for this investigation and subclinical mastitis was determined by using California Mastitis Test. As a result of bacteriological analysis of milk samples, 30 different bacteria species have been identified and non-aureus staphylococci found to be the predominant bacteria species with the rate of 22.1%. The species with the highest isolation rate among the isolates were Escherichia coli (18.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (14.2%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.9%). The antimicrobial susceptibility of the high isolation rate species including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Mannheimia haemolytica to twelve antibiotics were determined by disc diffusion method. Bacterial strains analyzed showed highest sensitivity to ofloxacin (87.9%) and followed by cefuroxime (85.8%) and cefazolin (83.6%). In conclusion, subclinical mastitis still remains a problem in dairy goats, and for the elimination of subclinical mastitis, besides protective measures, determination of the bacteriae causing mastitis and their antibiotic sensitivities should be priority.
Oxytocin conditions trait-based rule adherence

Rules, whether in the form of norms, taboos or laws, regulate and coordinate human life. Some rules, however, are arbitrary and adhering to them can be personally costly. Rigidly sticking to such rules can be considered maladaptive. Here, we test whether, at the neurobiological level, (mal)adaptive rule adherence is reduced by oxytocin—a hypothalamic neuropeptide that biases the biobehavioural approach-avoidance system. Participants ( N ¼ 139) self-administered oxytocin or placebo intranasally, and reported their need for structure and approach-avoidance sensitivity. Next, participants made binary deci-sions and were given an arbitrary rule that demanded to forgo ﬁnancial beneﬁts. Under oxytocin, participants violated the rule more often, especially when they had high need for structure and high approach sensitivity. Possibly, oxytocin damp-ens the need for a highly structured environment and enables individuals to ﬂexibly trade-off internal desires against exter-nal restrictions. Implications for the treatment of clinical disorders marked by maladaptive rule adherence are discussed.
Sleep deprivation and intrinsic brain connectivity – a near-systematic review

In the Stockholm Sleepy Brain project, we have investigated the effect of partial sleep deprivation on intrinsic brain connectivity (i.e. functional connectivity in the resting state). What this means is that we took research participants, kept them awake, and then put them in the MR scanner. Once they were inside, we asked them to look at a fixation cross and do nothing else in particular for eight minutes. We measured blood flow with the MR scanner and then investigated the correlations between changes in blood flow between different brain areas. And then we compared that between the conditions when the participants were sleep deprived and well rested. The motivation was that this would shed new light on neurophysiological correlates of sleepiness. We have reported our findings as a preprint. Our manuscript does not allow space for complete writing here instead. Thus, the aim of this text is to review the published literature on the effects of sleep deprivation on intrinsic brain connectivity in humans.
Evaluation and Management of Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis

Carotid artery disease is a significant cause of stroke. Risk stratification with regard to suitability for intervention is still largely based on the results of studies performed 20 years ago comparing medical treatment with carotid endarterectomy. Importantly, improvements in medical management have reduced stroke risk since this time. We here review the evidence in support of intervention, along with recent outcome comparisons between carotid endarterectomy and stenting. We also discuss some newer approaches to the evaluation of symptomatic carotid disease. role of various imaging biomarkers in risk stratification in patients with carotid disease.
Review Hydrocarbons in the Antarctic marine environment

: The Antarctic marine ecosystem contains low concentrations of a range of hydrocarbons, overwhelmingly biogenic in origin. The low natural levels of hydrocarbons and the small amount of local human activity make the Antarctic marine ecosystem suitable as a yardstick against which future global pollution by hydrocarbons can be assessed. At present, contamination is very low and difficult to resolve against the background. Local pollution is restricted to a very few events. A systematic programme with a clear definition of the natural background is proposed to monitor both global and local pollution.
THE PRACTICAL REALITY OF GOAL SETTING THEORY: EVIDENCE FROM THE PERFORMANCE OF NURSES IN THE SUNYANI REGIONAL HOSPITAL OF GHANA

Several studies on goal setting theory have shown that goals direct and sustain employee effort toward goal-relevant activities and away from goal irrelevant activities. Although the theory is a common research topic in most advanced countries, it is gradually being tested in other cultures such as the Sub-Saharan Africa. The current study, therefore, is an extension of existing research on goal setting theory as it describes the core elements of the theory, and how it relates to the performance of 100 registered nurses in the Sunyani Regional Hospital in Ghana. Consistent with some previous studies, a significantly positive relationship between goal acceptance, goal specificity and employee performance was found. Surprisingly, goal difficulty failed to support this relationship.
University of Birmingham Endothelial cells act as gatekeepers for LTR-dependent thymocyte emigration

The emigration of mature thymocytes from the thymus is critical for establishing peripheral T cell compartments. However, the pathways controlling this process and the timing of egress in relation to postselection developmental stages are poorly defined. Here, we reexamine thymocyte egress and test current and opposing models in relation to the requirement for LTβR, a regulator of thymic microenvironments and thymocyte emigration. Using cell-specific gene targeting, we show that the requirement for LTβR in thymocyte egress is distinct from its control of thymic epithelium and instead maps to expression by endothelial cells. By separating emigration into sequential phases of perivascular space (PVS) entry and transendothelial migration, we reveal a developmentally ordered program of egress where LTβR operates to rate limit access to the PVS. Collectively, we show the process of thymic emigration ensures only the most mature thymocytes leave the thymus and demonstrate a role for LTβR in the initiation of thymus emigration that segregates from its control of medulla organization. which this key regulator influences thymic emigration is unknown. Here, we investigate thymus emigration and reevaluate the role of LTβR in this process. By deletion of LTβR in specific thymic stroma compartments, we show that absence of LTβR expression by TECs disrupts medulla formation, but not thymic egress. Rather, LTβR regulates thymocyte emigration via expression on endothelial cells, where it controls access to perivascular portals for thymic egress. We also identify a conveyor belt mechanism of thymocyte emigration that is established independently of LTβR and demonstrate a role for LTβR in determining the rate of conveyor belt exit. Overall, we define LTβR-independent and -de-pendent mechanisms of thymic export, where endothelial LTβR expression controls the rate of ordered thymocyte egress via the perivascular route.
Observations of Cumulene Carbenes,H2CCCC and H2CCC,in TMC-1

Attention is given to the carbon chain molecule H2CCCC, detected in the dark cloud TMC-1 for the first time in the course of a molecular line survey using the Nobeyama 45-m telescope. From nine transitions observed in the frequency region of 17-45 GHz, the total column density of H2CCCC in TMC-1 is derived to be 7.5(+/-2.0) x 10 exp 12/sq cm, which is about half of the value reported in IRC + 10216. Five transitions of a related carbon chain molecule, H2CCC, were also detected in TMC-1. The column density of H2CCC obtained in TMC-1, 2.8(+/-0.9) x 10 exp 12/sq cm, is a factor of three smaller than that of H2CCCC. The ortho-to-para abundance ratios of H2CCCC and H2CCC were found to be 4.2 +/-1.5 and 5.9 +/-2.0, respectively. The chemical reactions of these carbon-chain molecules in dark clouds are discussed.
Mass deformations of 5d via holography

Using six-dimensional Euclidean F (4) gauged supergravity we construct a holographic renormalization group ﬂow for a CFT on S 5 . Numerical solutions to the BPS equations are obtained and the free energy of the theory on S 5 is determined holographically by calculation of the renormalized on-shell supergravity action. In the process, we deal with subtle issues such as holographic renormalization and addition of ﬁnite counterterms. We then propose a candidate ﬁeld theory dual to these solutions. This tentative dual is a supersymmetry-preserving deformation of the strongly-coupled non-Lagrangian SCFT derived from the D4-D8 system in string theory. In the IR, this theory is a mass deformation of a USp (2 N ) gauge theory. A localization calculation of the free energy is performed for this IR theory, which for reasonably small values of the deformation parameter is found to have the same qualitative behaviour as the holographic free energy.
Advanced fit technique for astrophysical spectra Approach insensitive to a large fraction of outliers

Aims. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a robust method of data fitting convenient for dealing with astrophysical spectra contaminated by a large fraction of outliers. Methods. We base our approach on the suitable defined measure: the density of the least squares (DLS) that characterizes subsets of the whole data set. The best-fit parameters are obtained by the least-square method on a subset having the maximum value of DLS or, less formally, on the largest subset free of outliers.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Bone Mineral Density

With population aging, prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) and associated fracture risk are increased. To determine whether low circulating thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within the normal range are causally related to BMD, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Furthermore, we tested whether common genetic variants in the TSH receptor ( TSHR ) gene and genetic variants in ﬂ uencing expression of TSHR (expression quantitative trait loci [eQTLs]) are associated with BMD. For both analyses, we used summary-level data of genomewide association studies (GWASs) investigating BMD of the femoral neck ( n ¼ 32,735) and the lumbar spine ( n ¼ 28,498) in cohorts of European ancestry from the Genetic Factors of Osteoporosis (GEFOS) Consortium. For the MR study, we selected 20 genetic variants that were previously identi ﬁ ed for circulating TSH levels in a GWAS meta-analysis ( n ¼ 26,420). All independent genetic instruments for TSH were combined in analyses for both femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD. In these studies, we found no evidence that a genetically determined 1 – standard deviation (SD) decrease in circulating TSH concentration was associated with femoral neck BMD (0.003 SD decrease in BMD per SD decrease of TSH; 95% CI, – 0.053 to 0.048; p ¼ 0.92) or lumbar spine BMD (0.010 SD decrease in BMD per SD decrease of TSH; 95% CI, (cid:2) 0.069 to 0.049; p ¼ 0.73). A total of 706 common genetic variants have been mapped to the TSHR locus and expression loci for TSHR . However, none of these genetic variants were associated with BMD at the femoral neck or lumbar spine. In conclusion, we found no evidence for a causal effect of circulating TSH on BMD, nor did we ﬁ nd any association between genetic variation at the TSHR locus or expression thereof and BMD. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does Public Debt Crowd-Out Public Investment In East Africa Community?

Using an empirical model linking public debt to public investment, this study uses annual data from 1970-2010 and employs panel fixed-effects approach to estimate the effect of external and public debt, as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), on public investment in East Africa Community (EAC). Levin-Lin-Chu test (LLC) and Engle-Granger approach were used to investigate the properties of the data with respect to Unit roots and Cointegration respectively. The Hausman specification test was used to select the panel fixed-effects model. The findings suggest that public debt negatively affects Public investments in and that higher debt service crowds-out public sector spending.
A New Direction in Hydrodynamic Stability: Beyond Eigenvalues

Fluid flows that are smooth at low speeds become unstable and then turbulent at higher speeds. This phenomenon has traditionally been investigated by linearizing the equations of flow and looking for unstable eigenvalues of the linearized problem, but the results agree poorly in many cases with experiments. Nevertheless, it has become clear in recent years that linear effects play a central role in hydrodynamic instability. A reconciliation of these findings with the traditional analysis can be obtained by considering the "pseudospectra" of the linearized problem, which reveal that small perturbations to the smooth flow in the form of streamwise vortices may be amplified by factors on the order of 10**5 by a linear mechanism, even though all the eigenmodes are stable. The same principles apply also to other problems in the mathematical sciences that involve non-orthogonal eigenfunctions.
USE OF WASTE GLASS IN IMPROVING SUBGRADE SOIL PROPERTIES

_______________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Pavement design standard in Tanzania require all subgrades to have a minimum California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of 15% along with a Plasticity Index (PI) of not more than 25%. If these conditions are not fulfilled, improvement is mandatory. There are many cases where the natural subgrade fails the criteria. On the other hand, waste materials such as glass may be available locally or at a nearby distance. In many areas of the country, resources may not be available for recycling the glass. This study proposes improvement of a clay soil subgrade using crushed glass whereby a 10% by weight of the natural soil has resulted to an increase in CBR by 300% and a decrease in PI by 46% thus achieving the required quality as stipulated in the relevant standard. Environmental studies are recommended to forecast the possible effect of using crushed glass in subgrade improvement and propose appropriate counter measures.