Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATING THE USE OF WATER FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION AT TURKISH POWER PLANTS

Enerji sektorunde su tuketiminin yuksek olmasi ve su kaynaklarina erisimin sinirli duzeyde olmasi nedeniyle su ve enerjinin karsilikli iliskisi son zamanlarda daha da onem kazanmistir. Enerji uretimi suyun kullanimi yogun olan bir surectir, ve su yakit ekstraksiyonu, yakit imalati ve elektrik uretimi islemlerinde yogun sekilde kullanilmaktadir. Bunlar arasinda elektrik uretimi suyun en yogun kullanildigi prosestir. Bu nedenle, elektrik santrallerinde elektrik uretimi sirasinda tuketilen su miktarinin arastirilmasi enerji-su baglantisi icinde onemli bir konu haline gelmistir. Son yirmi yildir, Turkiye’nin enerji ve elektrik talebi hizla artmaktadir. Turkiye'de hizla artan elektrik talebini karsilamak icin yakin gelecekte daha fazla termik santral insa edilmesi beklenmektedir. Bu calismada, Turkiye'de bulunan elektrik santrallerindeki elektrik uretimi icin gereken su tuketimi arastirilmistir. Bu calismanin temel amaclari; Turkiye'de halihazirda kullanilan her yakit turu bazinda 1 GWh elektrik uretmek icin tuketilen su miktarini belirlemek ve artan talebi karsilamak icin yakin gelecekte insa edilmesi beklenen santrallerdeki su tuketimini azaltmanin yollarini arastirmaktir. Calismanin ilk asamasinda; 1500'den fazla elektrik santrali icin kurulu guc, yakit ve teknoloji turleri, elektrik uretimi ve - eger ulasilabilmisse - sogutma sistemi tipi bilgileri temin edilmis, sogutma sistemi su tuketimi faktorleri, yenilenebilir enerji potansiyeli ve elektrik talebi tahminleri cesitli kaynaklardan toplanmistir. Daha sonra veriler, mevcut elektrik santrallerinin su tuketimini ve 2016 yilinda Turk elektrik sektorundeki toplam ve uretim basina su tuketimini belirlemek icin analiz edilmistir. Kurulu guce dayali analiz sonuclarina gore, santrallerin %44'u sogutma sistemi olarak acik devre veya kuru sogutma sistemine gore daha cok su tuketen, islak sogutma kulelerini kullanmaktadir. Ayrica, komur/linyit yakitli elektrik santralleri, 2016 yili elektrik uretiminde kullanilan toplam 188 milyon m3 suyun %71'ini tuketigi belirlenmistir. Analizler ayni zamanda, 2016 yilinda 1 GWh elektrik uretmek icin santrallerin sogutma sistemlerinde 693 m3 suyun tuketildigini gostermektedir. Calismanin bir sonraki asamasinda, yakit turu karisimlarina dayali cesitli senaryolar ile toplam ve uretim basina su tuketimi ve tasarrufunu belirlemek icin analizler yapilmistir. Uzun Vadeli Enerji Alternatifleri Planlama (LEAP) programi kullanilarak 2017 ve 2035 yillari arasindaki en az su tuketimi saglayan yakit karisimi turu optimizasyon yaklasimlari ile belirlenmistir. Uygulanan tum senaryolardaki su tuketimi sonuclari karsilastirildiginda, islak sogutma kulesi tabanli senaryolar en yuksek miktarda su tuketimlerine yol actiklari belirlenmistir. Buna karsin, kuru sogutma sistemi tabanli senaryolar, diger senaryolar icinde en dusuk su tuketimini sagladigi tespit edilmistir. Kuru sogutma sistemlerinin diger sistemlere gore daha cok tercih edildigi kabul edilen senaryoya gore 2016 ve 2035 yillarinda su tuketiminlerinde sirasi ile %45 ve %40 dusus olabilecegi tespit edilmistir.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Global Delivery of Mental Health Services and Telemental Health: Systematic Review

Background The COVID-19 pandemic required mental health services around the world to adapt quickly to the new restrictions and regulations put in place to reduce the risk of transmission. As face-to-face contact became difficult, virtual methods were implemented to continue to safely provide mental health care. However, it is unclear to what extent service provision transitioned to telemental health worldwide. Objective We aimed to systematically review the global research literature on how mental health service provision adapted during the first year of the pandemic. Methods We searched systematically for quantitative papers focusing on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health services published until April 13, 2021, in the PubMed, Embase, medRxiv, and bioXriv electronic bibliographic databases, using the COVID-19 Open Access Project online platform. The screening process and data extraction were independently completed by at least two authors, and any disagreement was resolved by discussion with a senior member of the team. The findings were summarized narratively in the context of each country’s COVID-19 Stringency Index, which reflects the stringency of a government’s response to COVID-19 restrictions at a specific time. Results Of the identified 24,339 records, 101 papers were included after the screening process. Reports on general services (n=72) showed that several countries’ face-to-face services reduced their activities at the start of the pandemic, with reductions in the total number of delivered visits and with some services forced to close. In contrast, telemental health use rapidly increased in many countries across the world at the beginning of the pandemic (n=55), with almost complete virtualization of general and specialistic care services by the end of the first year. Considering the reported COVID-19 Stringency Index values, the increased use of virtual means seems to correspond to periods when the Stringency Index values were at their highest in several countries. However, due to specific care requirements, telemental health could not be used in certain subgroups of patients, such as those on clozapine or depot treatments and those who continued to need face-to-face visits. Conclusions During the pandemic, mental health services had to adapt quickly in the short term, implementing or increasing the use of telemental health services across the globe. Limited access to digital means, poor digital skills, and patients’ preferences and individual needs may have contributed to differences in implementing and accessing telemental health services during the pandemic. In the long term, a blended approach, combining in-person and virtual modalities, that takes into consideration the needs, preferences, and digital skills of patients may better support the future development of mental health services. It will be required to improve confidence with digital device use, training, and experience in all modalities for both clinicians and service users.
Adherence to medication and glucose control in diabetic patients in Duhok, Iraq

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, progressive disorder that causes a variety of health problems. Adherence to medication is a major factor in the treatment outcome. The goal of this study is to translate and test the psychometric features of the Kurdish version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) among type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: The research used a cross-sectional approach. The researchers looked at a convenient sample of diabetic Kurdish individuals. MMAS-8 was translated into Kurdish using a normal “forward–backward” technique. It was then tested on 307 type 2 diabetic outpatients in a convenience sample. Internal consistency was checked for reliability. Convergent and known group validity were used to confirm validity. For the authentic statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used. Results: According to MMAS-8, 20 patients (6.5%) had a high adherence rate, 66 (21.5%) had a medium adherence rate, and 221 (72%) had a low adherence rate. There was no significant link between adherence score and gender (P = 0.055), illness duration (P = 0.251), or educational level (P = 0.12). There was a significant connection between adherence and HBA1C (P 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this validation study show that the Kurdish version of the MMAS-8 is a reliable and valid measure of medication adherence that may now be used. non-adherent. Developing patients’ treatment adherence will improve treatment managements and control.
Multiparticulate Systems of Meloxicam for Colonic Administration in Cancer or Autoimmune Diseases

The aim of this research is the development of new colonic release systems of meloxicam (MLX) a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) with pH and time-dependent vehicles for cancer or autoimmune diseases. The colon has a higher pH than the rest of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and this can be used as a modified release strategy. Eudragit® polymers are the most widely used synthetic products in the design of colonic release formulations because they might offer mucoadhesiveness and pH-dependent release. Colonic delivery systems produced with pH-dependent and permeable polymers (FS-30D) or with pH-independent and low permeability polymers (NM-30D), must dissolve at a pH range of 6.0–7.0 to delay the release of the drug and prevent degradation in the GIT, before reaching the colon. The conditions prepared to simulate a gastrointestinal transit showed the CNM multiparticulate system, composed of Eudragit® NM and cellulose, as the best release option for MLX with a more sustained release with respect to the other formulations. CNM formulation followed Higuchi and First-order release kinetics, thus MLX release was controlled by a combination of diffusion and polymers swelling/eroding processes.
Tumor Budding Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and It Positively Correlates with PD-L1 Expression on Tumor Cells

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in developed countries. Only 15% of patients are candidates for radical surgery, and adequate prognostication may guide proper postsurgical management. We aimed to retrospectively assess the prognostic significance of the immunohistochemical expression of immune checkpoint receptors (PD-L1 and VISTA), markers of systemic inflammation, thrombosis in the tumor area, and the tumor budding in the group of 107 patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a single center. The high expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells (TCs) was associated with worse overall survival (OS, p = 0.041, log-rank). On the contrary, high PD-L1 or VISTA on tumor-associated immune cells (TAICs) was correlated with better OS (p = 0.006 and p = 0.008, respectively, log-rank). The joint status of PD-L1 on TCs and TAICs stratified patients into three prognostic groups. The cases with high-grade budding were characterized by higher PD-L1 expression on TCs (p = 0.008) and elevated systemic inflammatory markers. Moreover, budding was identified as the independent prognostic factor in multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.75–4.68; p < 0.001). To conclude, the pattern of PD-L1 and VISTA expression was associated with survival in univariate analysis. Tumor budding accurately predicts outcomes in pancreatic cancer and should be incorporated into routine histopathological practice.
The Contribution of Girls’ Longer Hours in Unpaid Work to Gender Gaps in Early Adult Employment: Evidence from Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam

Across many countries, girls perform more unpaid work than boys. This article shows how the time young women and girls spend in unpaid household work contributes to the gender pay gap that is already evident by age 22. The study analyzes employment participation, type of employment, and wages using five waves of the Young Lives longitudinal survey for Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. Spending longer hours in unpaid household work in adolescence positively predicts later employment participation but has a scarring effect in negatively predicting job quality (that is a job with a private or public organization) and hourly earnings, particularly for women. Blinder–Oaxaca decompositions of the gender wage gap show young women’s penalty for past household work is due to longer hours of such work rather than a higher penalty for women for a given amount of unpaid work. HIGHLIGHTS Participation in unpaid household work and paid work is gendered from a young age. Time in unpaid household work as children impacts young adults’ employment. Time in household work in adolescence is linked to lower job quality in adulthood. Girls’ longer hours in household work contribute to the gender wage gap. Girls spend less time than boys in play or leisure at all ages.
Laparoscopic Surgery for Pheochromocytoma in Hemodialysis Patients

Objectives We analyzed the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytomas in hemodialysis compared with nonhemodialysis patients. Methods Fifty-seven patients (7 hemodialysis and 50 nonhemodialysis) were included in the study. We analyzed the differences in clinical parameters and outcomes between the hemodialysis patient groups and nonhemodialysis patient groups as well as identified predictors for an intraoperative hypertensive spike. Results The increasing intravascular volume before surgery in hemodialysis patients made perioperative hemodynamic management safer. No significant difference in clinical parameters between the two groups was observed except for the length of hospitalization that was significantly longer in the hemodialysis patients (9 vs. 6 days, P=0.005). An increase in systolic blood pressure at CO2 insufflation was an independent predictor of a hypertensive spike with a cutoff value of 22.5 mmHg (odds ratio 1.038, 95% confidence interval 1.012–1.078). Conclusion Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytomas in hemodialysis was safe and feasible. An increase in systolic blood pressure at CO2 insufflation was a predictor of the intraoperative hypertensive spike. The research in this manuscript is not registered. This is a retrospective study.
Dual-Band Independent Permittivity Sensor Using Single-Port With a Pair of U-Shaped Structures for Solid Material Detection

This study proposes a single-port dual-band independent microwave sensor for detecting solid materials. The sensor structure consists of a pair U-shaped resonators connected by a power divider and a microstrip feed line with an impedance of 50 Ohms with two different sensing hotspots. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1^{\text {st}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^{\text {nd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> resonators operate at a frequency of 1.200 GHz and 2.100 GHz, respectively. The type of material under test (MUT) is a standard material with a size of 10 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm (RO5880, RO4003C, and FR4). The proposed sensor had a very high accuracy compared with both of using permitivitty from datasheet and calibrated frequency from simulation for the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1^{\text {st}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^{\text {nd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> resonator, respectively. Moreover, the pair of the U-shaped resonators had independent performances and they did not affect each other when the MUT was loaded. Furthermore, it can also operate with single-port measurement, which is a more efficient resource. Finally, the proposed microwave sensor can be a promising solution for detecting different permittivity of solid materials independently with high accuracy for applications such as the food industry, material quality control, and biomedical.
Inertia Droop Control and Stability Mechanism Analysis of Energy Storage Systems for DC-Busbar Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Although the photovoltaic (PV) integrated dc-busbar electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) is a promising energy supply form for EVs, its inertialess and poor damping always lead to the potential system instability. In this article, inertia droop control (IDC) strategies are, thus, proposed for a bidirectional dc converter (Bi-C) to improve dynamic stability and provide a high-quality power supply for EVs. Compared with the virtual inertia and damping control (VIDC), the proposed IDC can be implemented by easily modifying conventional droop control, avoiding complex control structures. First, virtual inertia is achieved in the proposed IDC strategies in two ways: 1) dynamic virtual impedance and 2) adaptive droop algorithm. Damping support comes from the redesigned damping term featuring secondary voltage regulation to eliminate the voltage deviation. Then, a feedback analytic method is proposed to comprehend stability mechanisms from multiview, and a double-coordinate-based phasor diagram is developed as its analytical tool to observe the interaction among variables intuitively. Accordingly, IDC’s negative feedback property is revealed, and the impactors of system inertia, stiffness, and dissipation properties are explored. Dynamic performance and small-signal stability analysis are also presented to guide parameter selection and optimize the transient response. Experiment results verify that IDC has similar effects to VIDC while simplifying the control structure.
Structural Hillslope Connectivity Is Driven by Tectonics More Than Climate and Modulates Hydrologic Extremes and Benefits

Structural hydrologic connections, formed by the coaction of tectonic and climatic processes, facilitate the transfer of matter across Earth's surface. Large‐scale analysis of hillslope connectivity controls is lacking, thus limiting our understanding of the drivers of extremes, like floods and landslides, and benefits, like wetlands. Here, we model hillslope connectivity using the Index of Connectivity, at 10‐m resolution for the contiguous United States. We show the dominance of tectonic drivers, like river steepness (ρ = 0.84) and seismic activity (ρ = 0.48), over climatic drivers, like precipitation (ρ = −0.31) and aridity (ρ = −0.07), in controlling the strength of connectivity. Highly connected basins were associated with landslide occurrence (ρ = 0.69) while poorly connected basins had greater wetland density (ρ = −0.50). Lastly, we share our results in an open access data portal for land managers to leverage structural connectivity maps in their respective study domains.
Morphological Evolution of Passive Soil Arch in Front of Horizontal Piles in Three Dimensions

The anti-slide pile is a primary method of landslide control. The effect of the passive soil arch in front of the embedded section of piles has a significant effect on the anti-slide pile’s bearing capacity. The upgraded model test scheme was used to conduct model tests with a pile spacing four times the width of the pile and a geometric scale ratio of 1:15. The anti-slide pile stress, pile bending strain, and soil stress in front of the pile were all studied in relation to the loading amount. In addition to the model test, the numerical simulation method was utilized to investigate the three-dimensional morphological change of the passive soil arch in front of the pile. The results indicated that: clearly, the side piles can eliminate the border effect. The distribution of pile bending strain along the pile after loading is referred to as a parabola. Bending failure occurred at a depth of 40 mm, approximately 0.9 m from the pile top. Under the condition that the pile spacing is four times the pile width, a passive soil arch occurs in front of the anti-slide pile’s fixed part, and its development can be split into four stages: formation, development, completion, and destruction. The passive soil arches in front of the piles are generated and destroyed gradually along the buried depth, and the three-dimensional surface of the space drops gradually along the buried depth with the loading amount and advances toward the loading direction until the anti-slide pile system fails. The research findings and experiences can serve as a basis for future research.
Manufactures and mechanics of high ductile fiber-reinforced cementless composites

In the recent design of a sustainable high ductile fiber-reinforced cementless composite, optimizing both sustainable and mechanical properties is critical. The purpose of current research is to develop a sustainable material while maintaining high ductility, represented by strain-hardening behavior in tension. The sustainable material is referred as a sustainable high ductile fiber-reinforced cementless composite which is manufactured using ground granulated blast-furnace slag–based alkali-activated cementless binder mixing with poly vinyl alcohol fibers. Three mixture proportions which had proper flowability and viscosity in fresh state in order to mix easily and disperse fibers uniformly were determined according to alkali activators and admixtures. A series of experiments on compression, direct-tension, and panel bending responses were carried out on the hardened composites. The fresh composites showed an average of 465 mm slump flow, the hardened composites were able to obtain the tensile strain up to 2.8%, and the ratio of bending deflection to span length was up to 14.3% with multiple micro-cracks.
Microbial Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid (γ-PGA) as an Effective Tooth Enamel Protectant

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a bio-derived water-soluble, edible, non-immunogenic nylon-like polymer with the biochemical characteristics of a polypeptide. This Bacillus-derived material has great potential for a wide range of applications, from bioremediation to tunable drug delivery systems. In the context of oral care, γ-PGA holds great promise in enamel demineralisation prevention. The salivary protein statherin has previously been shown to protect tooth enamel from acid dissolution and act as a reservoir for free calcium ions within oral cavities. Its superb enamel-binding capacity is attributed to the L-glutamic acid residues of this 5380 Da protein. In this study, γ-PGA was successfully synthesised from Bacillus subtilis natto cultivated on supplemented algae media and standard commercial media. The polymers obtained were tested for their potential to inhibit demineralisation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) when exposed to caries simulating acidic conditions. Formulations presenting 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3 and 4% (w/v) γ-PGA concentration were assessed to determine the optimal conditions. Our data suggests that both the concentration and the molar mass of the γ-PGA were significant in enamel protection (p = 0.028 and p < 0.01 respectively). Ion Selective Electrode, combined with Fourier Transform Infra-Red studies, were employed to quantify enamel protection capacity of γ-PGA. All concentrations tested showed an inhibitory effect on the dissolution rate of calcium ions from hydroxyapatite, with 1% (wt) and 2% (wt) concentrations being the most effective. The impact of the average molar mass (M) on enamel dissolution was also investigated by employing commercial 66 kDa, 166 kDa, 440 kDa and 520 kDa γ-PGA fractions. All γ-PGA solutions adhered to the surface of HAp with evidence that this remained after 60 min of continuous acidic challenge. Inductively Coupled Plasma analysis showed a significant abundance of calcium ions associated with γ-PGA, which suggests that this material could also act as a responsive calcium delivery system. We have concluded that all γ-PGA samples tested (commercial and algae derived) display enamel protection capacity regardless of their concentration or average molar mass. However, we believe that γ-PGA D/L ratios might affect the binding more than its molar mass.