Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The attitudes and beliefs of paralympians and athletes with disabilities on doping in sport

Background: This study aims to analyze the opinions and attitudes of elite athletes with disabilities. Methods: Study participants included a group of elite Polish team members competing in international competitions (including Paralympics) in various sports. The research sample consisted of 100 individuals, including 67 men (67%) and 33 women (33%). The descriptive exploratory design used an instrument that combined a validated questionnaire (Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale; PEAS) with a special questionnaire adapted to athletes with disabilities. Results: The overall mean score from the PEAS scale (range, 11–66, with higher scores representing more permissive attitudes towards doping) was 20.61 ± 11.35, with 21.20 ± 10.96 in men, 19.39 ± 12.20 in women, 20.46 ± 10.92 in Paralympians and world championship participants (Masters), and 21.14 ± 13.16 in other competitors. For more than half (58%) of respondents, doping is uncommon in sports, and sports success can be achieved without doping (88%). The vast majority of respondents (90%) do not know people who use doping. Conclusion: The lack of response and hesitation in answers suggest that the respondents did not use doping but also were unaware of doping. Therefore, it seems necessary to implement anti-doping education for athletes with disabilities from the early stages of their sports careers.
Quality of administrative services in a South African higher education institution. Stakeholder perceptions

Student administration in a higher education institution encompasses admissions and registration, accommodation, health services, assessments, and several aspects of a student’s life from the first contact with the institution until graduation. We set out to determine how students felt about these services at a South African university. The need to understand how students perceive these services is becoming increasingly important, especially in higher education, because it impacts not only student recruitment but the overall image of the university. Findings from this study can lead to much needed improvement of service quality. Data was collected from students using an open-ended questionnaire while interviews and focus groups were used for administrative staff. We realised a mix of feedback in terms of how both students and administrative staff felt about the quality of service at the university. In part, the findings suggest the need to sufficiently cater for both staff and students for them to experience enriched job experiences and better teaching and learning services from the university. This study not only contributes to the literature on administrative competency of higher education staff, but it also offers a new way of looking at stakeholders to understand the various skills, i.e., functional skills, essential skills, and emerging skills, required for optimal effectiveness of administrative professionals in the new world of work.
Gut Microbiota—A Future Therapeutic Target for People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents an increasing cause of liver disease, affecting one-third of the population worldwide. Despite many medications being in the pipeline to treat the condition, there is still no pharmaceutical agent licensed to treat the disease. As intestinal bacteria play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver damage in patients with NAFLD, it has been suggested that manipulating the microbiome may represent a therapeutical option. In this review, we summarise the latest evidence supporting the manipulation of the intestinal microbiome as a potential therapy for treating liver disease in patients with NAFLD.
Exposing the static scale of the glass transition by random pinning

The dramatic slowing down associated with the glass transition cannot be fully understood without an associated static length that is expected to increase rapidly as the temperature is reduced. The search for such a length was long and arduous, without a universally accepted candidate at hand. Recently a natural such length $\xi_s$ was proposed, stemming from a cross-over between plastic and elastic mechanical responses of the material. In this Letter we show that supercooled liquids in which there exists random pinning sites of density $\rho_{\rm im}\sim 1/\xi_s^d$ exhibit complete jamming of all dynamics. This is a direct demonstration that the proposed length scale is indeed {\em the} static length that was long sought-after.
Electrochemical Characterization of Nanoporous Alumina-Based Membranes with Different Structure and Geometrical Parameters by Membrane Potential Analysis

Electrochemical characterization of alumina-based membranes obtained by two different techniques, sinterization or anodization, is performed by analyzing membrane potential values. This analysis allows us the estimation of the effective concentration of fixed charge in the membrane (Xef) and the transport number of the ions into the pores (ti), as well as the determination of ionic permselectivity (P(i)) and their correlation with the different structures (supported, symmetrical or asymmetric), geometrical parameters (pore size and porosity) and surface materials (alumina-zirconia or alumina) of the studied membranes. From these results, the electropositive character of the membranes was stated, but also the significant reduction (70%) in Xef value and around 30% in permselectivity when pore size increases from 25 nm to 100 nm, in the case of sinterized alumina-zirconia membranes with similar porosity (CRF samples), while the clear influence of pore size on the electrochemical behavior of the electrochemically synthesized alumina membranes (NPAM samples) was confirmed as well as the lower influence of membrane porosity. Moreover, the effect of protein (BSA) static fouling on electrochemical parameters for both CRF and NPAMs samples was also analyzed, and our results show a reduction in the electropositive character of both membranes, being this behavior opposite to that discussed for one of the NPAMs as a result of surface modification with a theophylline derivative (Theo 1).
The Application of Digital Platforms in Learning English Language

The emergence of digital learning has reshaped English language teaching and learning. Thus, technology-based language learning gained extensive attention due to its benefits. However, the trends of using these digital platforms in English language learning in the Arab EFL context have not been sufficiently scrutinized. Therefore, this study investigates EFL students’ use of digital platforms for learning purposes, attitudes, and digital literacy. Also, the study examines the correlation between students’ digital literacy skills, attitudes, and using digital platforms for learning purposes. The study used a quantitative research design by collecting data from 80 EFL who were selected randomly to answer a survey questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS 23.0 software. The results revealed that students showed a high level of attitudes, a moderate level of digital literacy skills, and a moderate level of using digital platforms for learning purposes. The findings showed a negative non-significant relationship between students’ use of digital platforms in learning the English language, digital literacy skills, and attitudes. Based on the results, attitude and digital literacy do not predict the use of digital platforms for learning English. This study contributes significantly to the limited studies that examine the use of the digital platform for pedagogical purposes. The results recommend further investigation in addressing factors that hinder the use of digital platforms in EFL classrooms.
Duration and Determinants of Delayed Diagnosis with Tuberculosis in Shenzhen, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Early diagnosis and timely treatment of tuberculosis are critical for disease control and management. However, diagnostic delay remains severe around the world. We aim to evaluate the duration and factors associated with diagnostic delay of tuberculosis in Shenzhen, China. Methods We conducted a face-to-face interview to collect the whole care-seeking process of patients diagnosed with active TB in Shenzhen, China, from April 1 to September 30, 2021. The duration from symptom onset to confirmed diagnosis was recorded. The risk factors of diagnostic delay were identified by binary stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results Among 288 confirmed TB cases, 170 (59.0%) were delayed diagnosis. The median diagnostic delay was 39.5 days. Median patient delay was 23 days and health system delay was 7 days. Income ≤315USD/month (OR = 2.97 [95% CI: 1.15–7.69]), cough (OR = 3.00 [95% CI: 1.16–7.76]), weight loss (OR = 15.59 [95% CI: 1.85–131.56]), use of traditional Chinese Medicine (OR = 5.03 [95% CI: 1.04–24.31]) and over-the-counter cough syrup (OR = 2.73 [95% CI: 1.10–6.76]) were significant risk factors for patient delay. Fever (OR = 0.13[95% CI: 0.04–0.48]) and hemoptysis (OR = 0.06 [95% CI0.01–0.30]) were protective factors for patient delay. Cough (OR = 2.85 [95% CI: 1.49–5.49]) and availability of chest X-ray (OR = 0.21[CI: 0.11–0.39]) were factors associated with health system delay. Conclusion Delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis remains an unresolved problem. Patients with low income, self-treatment with over-the-counter medicine and accepting TCM suffered from a higher risk of patient delay. It is important to give more help to the vulnerable people and strengthen tuberculosis knowledge among primary health providers. Keeping all health providers alert to TB symptoms can facilitate earlier TB diagnosis and better disease control.
The neoliberal structures of English in Japanese higher education: applying Bernstein’s pedagogic device

ABSTRACT As global neoliberalism continues to take root, States aim to produce linguistically-skilled human capital to gain an advantage within highly-competitive market conditions. With this relationship in view, English language proficiency constitutes a ‘rational’ educational pathway for national and personal-level success within an outwardly meritocratic knowledge economy. Yet, in Japan, as in many other locales, English has been accused of strengthening pre-existing power relations. Accordingly, this inquiry draws on Bernstein’s pedagogic device, to address the nested fields of production, recontextualisation, and reproduction shaping educational practice. Regarding production, normative OECD discourses framing essential key competencies favour an epistemic hierarchy privileging the orthodoxy of free-market capitalism. Through unequal pedagogic reform, meanwhile, the recontextualisation of regulatory discourse limits valued forms of knowledge to learners attending prestigious mass-market institutions. This, in turn, holds implications for reproduction. Through recognition and realisation, the classification and framing of English as a ‘valid’ knowledge privilege students from middle-class households. The appropriation of English as a ‘rational’ contact point for global communication, business, and finance thereby risks obfuscating the socio-economic order determining its practice.
Developing Reconciled Quarterly Distributional National Wealth – Insight into Inequality and Wealth Structures

Distributional accounts for households enable measurement, study developments and identify drivers of inequality. Distributional information on households’ wealth is available from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey only for three points in time (2009 – 2018), while aggregates are available quarterly. This paper presents a novel methodology for deriving quarterly distributional national wealth by (i) improving the alignment of survey fieldwork periods with the national accounts’ dates; (ii) correcting for differences in several concepts; (iii) estimating missing wealthy households; (iv) developing time series; and (v) computing euro area aggregates. This paper finds an increase in the net wealth Gini of most euro area countries since 2009; that the richest 1% holds 28% of total net wealth, while the bottom 50% holds 4%; and that the net wealth of the top 1% has grown by almost 50%, compared to 28% for the remaining 99%, with a decrease in the bottom 20%.
An Anatomy of the Cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean in the 1960s and 1970s

AbstractIn the 1960s and early 1970s, sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean cooled rapidly. There is still considerable uncertainty about the causes of this event, although various mechanisms have been proposed. In this observational study, it is demonstrated that the cooling proceeded in several distinct stages. Cool anomalies initially appeared in the mid-1960s in the Nordic Seas and Gulf Stream extension, before spreading to cover most of the subpolar gyre. Subsequently, cool anomalies spread into the tropical North Atlantic before retreating, in the late 1970s, back to the subpolar gyre. There is strong evidence that changes in atmospheric circulation, linked to a southward shift of the Atlantic ITCZ, played an important role in the event, particularly in the period 1972–76. Theories for the cooling event must account for its distinctive space–time evolution. The authors’ analysis suggests that the most likely drivers were 1) the “Great Salinity Anomaly” of the late 1960s; 2) an earlier.
European badger (
 Meles meles
 ) responses to low‐intensity, selective culling: Using mark–recapture and relatedness data to assess social perturbation

1. Culling the main wildlife host of bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain (GB) and Ireland, the European badger ( Meles meles ), has been employed in both territories to reduce infections in cattle. In GB, this has been controversial, with results suggesting that culling induces disturbance to badger social structure, facilitating wider disease dissemination. Previous analyses hypothesized that even very low-level, selective culling may cause similar deleterious effects by increasing ranging of individuals and greater mixing between social groups. 2. To assess this hypothesis, a novel, prospective, landscape-scale ‘before-and-after’ Test and Vaccinate or Remove (TVR) study was implemented. Test-positive bad-gers were culled and test-negative badgers were Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccinated and released. 3. Mark–recapture metrics of badger ranging and genetic metrics of social group relatedness did not change significantly over the study period. However, selective culling was associated with a localized reduction in social group relatedness in culled groups. 4. Ecological context is important; extrapolation across territories and other disease epidemiological systems (epi-systems) is likely to be challenging. However, we demonstrate that small-scale, selective removal of test-positive badgers was not associated with metrics of increased ranging but was associated with localized changes in social group relatedness. This adds to the evidence base on badger control options for policy makers.
Can the characteristics of the sharia supervisory board increase the trust of sharia bank customers?

Purpose - This study aims to examine in more detail the characteristics of SSB that will affect the level of trust of Islamic banking customers. The purpose of this study is to understand empirically the relationship between the characteristics of SSB and the trust of Islamic bank customers in Indonesia.Method - A quantitative approach with the panel data analysis method is used to analyze sample data from all Sharia commercial banks in Indonesia in the 2012-2019 period. The independent variable in this study consisted of 6 characteristics of SSB.Result - The results of the study show the facts that the 3 characteristics of SSB are proven to be able to increase customer trust. The three variables are the number of members, financial expertise, and doctoral education.Implication - Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia suggest to put more consideration of the number of members, financial expertise, and doctoral education in the recruitment process for the selection of Sharia bank SSB members.Originality - In contrast to previous research which examines the effect of the existence of SSB on customer trust and loyalty, this study seeks to get deeper answers to the input factors of SSB characteristics that really have a positive impact on a positive image and customer trust in Islamic banks.
Polarization of ELF waves generated during “beat‐wave” heating experiment near cutoff frequency of the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide

High‐frequency heating of the ionosphere is effective for generating extremely low frequencies (ELF, 3–3000 Hz) through modulation of the auroral electrojet current. While the amplitudes of the resulting ELF waves depend on the auroral electrojet current strength, the polarization of their horizontal magnetic field remains relatively stable. In this work, we determined that at the distance of several wavelengths from an ionospheric ELF source created by two HF heating waves separated by an ELF frequency, polarization parameters are influenced by the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide. Previous experiments in the vicinity of the ionospheric ELF source have determined that the right‐hand polarization of the magnetic field measured at the ground typically prevails, whereas in this paper we demonstrate that at the distance of 660 km to the east of the European Incoherent Scatter, a circular left‐hand polarization dominates. We interpret this effect as a result of “trapping” of the left‐hand mode between the upper and lower boundaries of the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide, while the right‐hand or whistler mode leaks into the ionosphere.
Effectiveness of accrual basis accounting system in state budget and treasury system in TAM 3 framework

Purpose - This study establishes a basic theoretical model developed using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM 3) with several critical factors on the effectiveness of accrual basis accounting systems in the State Budget and the Treasury System.Method - This basic research uses a causal model with primary data collected quantitatively and presented descriptively. The study population was users of the State Budget and Treasury System in the Regional Office V of Jambi Province using the convenience sampling method.Result - The results of this study stated that all TAM variables were correlated with each other and TAM 3 variables were correlated with the effectiveness of the accrual-based accounting system in SPAN. It was proven that there was a significant relationship between all variables. However, the accrual-based accounting system in SPAN practically does not provide convenience and tends to have low intensity of use and low effectiveness.Implication - The result of this research states that all variables of TAM are correlated to each other and TAM 3 variables are correlated to the effectiveness of accrual basis accounting system in SPAN.Originality - This study focuses on the effectiveness of accrual basis accounting system in State Budget and Treasury System: migration of the Indonesian Islamic banking system of BSI.
An Overview on Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Biology and Therapy

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a modality of regulated cell death that is sufficient to promote an adaptive immune response against antigens of the dying cell in an immunocompetent host. An important characteristic of ICD is the release and exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns, which are potent endogenous immune adjuvants. As the induction of ICD can be achieved with conventional cytotoxic agents, it represents a potential approach for the immunotherapy of cancer. Here, different aspects of ICD in cancer biology and treatment are reviewed.
Using a Modified Technology Acceptance Model for a Learning Management System Platform: A Questionnaire Design for Evaluating the Blackboard Learning Management System

Educational approaches have advanced and changed tremendously in recent years. The evolution of communication technologies has been important, particularly since many educational activities have been moved to an e-learning format. This has introduced innovative teaching methods and educational management techniques. Learning management systems (LMS) such as Web-based course development tools (WebCT), Blackboard, and learning spaces are currently widely accessible. Most higher education institutions use Blackboard as their primary LMS platform, making it one of the most frequently used LMS platforms. Blackboard technology is a widely used online program for educational institutions that makes it easier to distribute crucial items from teachers to students, such as papers, student reports, projects, and other publications. Consequently, the main objective of this paper is to design a technology acceptance model to investigate user acceptance of a Blackboard learning management system. In addition, we aim to create a quantitative strategy using a technology acceptance model (TAM) questionnaire as the major investigation tool. The Blackboard learning management system is evaluated using a quantitative approach based on the TAM. We use perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, user satisfaction and attributes of usability as the associated constructs for evaluation. All of these structures were altered to fit the study's needs. Furthermore, in this paper, we examin the specifics of each concept, and how they relate to the research problem. The study's findings indicate a set of methodologies that can be used to evaluate the benefits of using the Blackboard system for online learning.
Big bang nucleosynthesis: Present status

Big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) describes the production of the lightest nuclides via a dynamic interplay among the four fundamental forces during the first seconds of cosmic time. We briefly overview the essentials of this physics, and present new calculations of light element abundances through li6 and li7, with updated nuclear reactions and uncertainties including those in the neutron lifetime. We provide fits to these results as a function of baryon density and of the number of neutrino flavors, N_nu. We review recent developments in BBN, particularly new, precision Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements that now probe the baryon density, helium content, and the effective number of degrees of freedom, n_eff. These measurements allow for a tight test of BBN and of cosmology using CMB data alone. Our likelihood analysis convolves the 2015 Planck data chains with our BBN output and observational data. Adding astronomical measurements of light elements strengthens the power of BBN. We include a new determination of the primordial helium abundance in our likelihood analysis. New D/H observations are now more precise than the corresponding theoretical predictions, and are consistent with the Standard Model and the Planck baryon density. Moreover, D/H now provides a tight measurement of N_nu when combined with the CMB baryon density, and provides a 2sigma upper limit N_nu < 3.2. The new precision of the CMB and of D/H observations together leave D/H predictions as the largest source of uncertainties. Future improvement in BBN calculations will therefore rely on improved nuclear cross section data. In contrast with D/H and he4, li7 predictions continue to disagree with observations, perhaps pointing to new physics.