Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence of multi-phase Cretaceous to Quaternary alkaline magmatism on Tore–Madeira Rise and neighbouring seamounts from 40Ar/39Ar ages

Abstract: The Tore–Madeira Rise is a seamount chain located 300 km off the Portugal and Morocco coasts attributed to hotspot activity. U–Pb ages of lavas from the northern and central Tore–Madeira Rise range between 103 and 80.5 Ma whereas 40Ar/39Ar ages from the central and southern Tore–Madeira Rise yield ages ranging from 94.5 to 0.5 Ma. We performed new 40Ar/39Ar measurements to better understand the geodynamic history of the Tore–Madeira Rise. Plagioclase ages from the Bikini Bottom and Torillon seamounts suggest ages of >90 Ma and ≥60 Ma, respectively. Amphiboles from the Seine seamount yield an age of 24.0 ± 0.8 Ma. Biotites from lavas of the Ashton seamount give ages of 97.4 ± 1.1 Ma and 97.8 ± 1.1 Ma. The geochronological database available on the Tore–Madeira Rise has been filtered on statistical criteria to eliminate unreliable ages. The resulting database reveals three pulses of alkaline magmatism on the Tore–Madeira Rise at 103–80.5 Ma, at c. 68 Ma and between 30 Ma and the present. The magmatism was continuous from 103 Ma until c. 68 Ma and from c. 30 Ma until the present on the Tore–Madeira Rise, the surrounding seamounts and the Portugal coast. We suggest that the space–time distribution of this magmatism results from the interaction between a wide thermal anomaly emitting magmatic pulses and the complex motion of the Iberian plate. Supplementary material: A detailed Ar measurements dataset is available at http://www.geolsoc. org.uk/SUP18359.
Velocity analysis using zero-offset attributes in common source domain

Velocity analysis is one of the most critical stages in seismic data processing and the velocity errors influence the accuracy of the imaging. The conventional workflows, to obtain the migration velocity model, are generally labour intensive and time consuming. An experienced processor is needed to pick the velocities in the velocity spectrum. In this paper, we introduce another approach to obtain the velocity model using the first derivative of time with respect to offset (local slopes) in one domain, common source domain. In this time-effective approach, one order of differentiation has been reduced from the previous velocity analysis in common source domain, using zero-offset attributes. This velocity analysis and imaging are being done at the same time. There is no need to have any velocity model prior to imaging in this approach. The accuracy of the velocity analysis method is more robust than the previous technique because of the reduction in order of the derivatives needed.Computational experiments with synthetic seismic data examples confirm the theoretical expectations and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique.
A path analysis of pre-service teachers' attitudes to computer use: applying and extending the technology acceptance model in an educational context

The purpose of this study is to examine pre-service teachers' attitudes to computers. This study extends the technology acceptance model (TAM) framework by adding subjective norm, facilitating conditions, and technological complexity as external variables. Results show that the TAM and subjective norm, facilitating conditions, and technological complexity were significant determinants of pre-service attitudes to computer use. A multiple square correlation revealed that the proposed model in this study explained 48.7% of the attitude to computer use. Various contributions to research and practice are discussed.
Online Auction Effectiveness: Optimal Selling Strategies for Online Auction Market

The introduction of internet auction has significantly widened the pool of consumers who participate in auctions and increased the number of companies attempting to sell their products in an auction format. Previous empirical research on auctions has focused almost exclusively on the behavior of professional bidders. In this study, we collect data on a large number of internet auctions to explore the outcome of the auction in a real marketplace. In particular, we focus on the characteristic of sellers, auction parameters, the effect of supply and demand, and examine these impacts on auction effectiveness.
A Catch-22 of Reservoir Computing

Reservoir Computing (RC) is a simple and eﬃcient model-free framework for data-driven predictions of nonlinear dynamical systems. Recently, Next Generation Reservoir Computing (NGRC) has emerged as an especially attractive variant of RC. By shifting the nonlinearity from the reservoir to the readout layer, NGRC requires less data and has fewer hyperparameters to optimize, making it suitable for challenging tasks such as predicting basins of attraction. Here, using paradigmatic multistable systems including magnetic pendulums and coupled Kuramoto oscillators, we show that the performance of NGRC models can be extremely sensitive to the choice of readout nonlinearity. In particular, by incorporating the exact nonlinearity from the original equations, NGRC trained on a single trajectory can predict pseudo-fractal basins with almost perfect accuracy. However, even a small uncertainty on the exact nonlinearity can completely break NGRC, rendering the prediction accuracy no better than chance. This creates a catch-22 for NGRC since it may not be able to make useful predictions unless a key part of the system being predicted (i.e., its nonlinearity) is already known. Our results highlight the challenges faced by data-driven methods in learning complex dynamical systems.
Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications

Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications is a basic treatise on real-time computing, with particular emphasis on predictable scheduling algorithms. It introduces the fundamental concepts of real-time computing, illustrates the most significant results in the field, and provides the essential methodologies for designing predictable computing systems which can be used to support critical control applications. This volume serves as a textbook for advanced level courses on the topic. Each chapter provides basic concepts, which are followed by algorithms that are illustrated with concrete examples, figures and tables. Exercises are included with each chapter and solutions are given at the end of the book. The book also provides an excellent reference for those interested in real-time computing for designing and/or developing predictable control applications.
C2-Rec: An Effective Consistency Constraint for Sequential Recommendation

Sequential recommendation methods play an important role in real-world recommender systems. These systems are able to catch user preferences by taking advantage of historical records and then performing recommendations. Contrastive learning(CL) is a cutting-edge technology that can assist us in obtaining informative user representations, but these CL-based models need subtle negative sampling strategies, tedious data augmentation methods, and heavy hyper-parameters tuning work. In this paper, we introduce another way to generate better user representations and recommend more attractive items to users. Particularly, we put forward an effective C onsistency C onstraint for sequential Rec ommendation(C 2 -Rec) in which only two extra training objectives are used without any structural modifications and data augmentation strategies. Sub-stantial experiments have been conducted on three benchmark datasets and one real industrial dataset, which proves that our proposed method outperforms SOTA models substantially. Furthermore, our method needs much less training time than those CL-based models. Online AB-test on real-world recommendation systems also achieves 10.141% improvement on the click-through rate and 10.541% increase on the average click number per capita. The code is available at https://github.com/zhengrongqin/C2-Rec.
Glacier Peak - history and hazards of a cascade volcano

Known eruptive episodes at Glacier Peak during the past 15,000 years. Each episode (depicted by a single icon) represents many individual eruptions. The ages of these episodes, in calendar years before present are corrected from dates based on a radiocarbon time scale. The uncorrected radiocarbon ages for these episodes, which appear in some publications, are 11,200, 5,100, 2,800, 1,800, 1,100, and 300 years before present. G US S
Liquefaction flowslides in Rocky Mountain coal mine waste dumps

Over the past 25 years there have been a large number of long runout flowslides from Rocky Mountain coal mine waste dumps. The waste dumps are constructed as end-dumped fills with an angle of repose of 38°. Dump heights range between 100 and 400 m. The dumps are normally founded on mountain slopes that are covered with a thin veneer of granular colluvial and dense stony till materials. Conventional stability analyses carried out for these dumps using friction angles equal to the angle of repose for the waste rock and typical values ranging from 30 to 32° for the foundation materials indicate that many should be stable. The flowslides occur rapidly and display surprisingly long runouts of up to 2 km in some cases. Detailed studies of three of these events indicate that static collapse of saturated or nearly saturated sandy gravel layers within the dumps may be responsible for the initial failure and the generation of high pore pressures which result in high runout mobility.Key words: mine waste dumps, flow.
ANOMALY DETECTION OF ATTACKS (ADA) ON DNN CLASSIFIERS AT TEST TIME

A significant threat to wide deployment of machine learning-based classifiers is adversarial learning attacks, especially at test-time. Recently there has been significant development in defending against such attacks. Several such works seek to robustify the classifier to make "correct" decisions on perturbed patterns. We argue it is often operationally more important to detect the attack, rather than to "correctly classify" in the face of it (Classification can proceed if no attack is detected). We hypothesize that, even if human-imperceptible, adversarial perturbations are machine-detectable. We propose a purely unsupervised anomaly detector (AD), based on suitable (null hypothesis) density models for the different layers of a deep neural net and a novel decision statistic built upon the Kullback-Leibler divergence. This paper addresses: 1) when is it appropriate to aim to "correctly classify" a perturbed pattern? ; 2) What is a good AD detection statistic, one which exploits all likely sources of anomalousness associated with a test-time attack? 3) Where in a deep neural net (DNN) (in an early layer, a middle layer, or at the penultimate layer) will the most anomalous signature manifest? Tested on MNIST and CIFAR-10 image databases under three prominent attack strategies, our approach outperforms previous detection methods, achieving strong ROC AUC detection accuracy on two attacks and substantially better accuracy than previously reported on the third (strongest) attack.
Sequence Stratigraphic Distribution of Coaly Rocks: Fundamental Controls and Paralic Examples

Significant volumes of terrigenous organic matter can be preserved to form coals only when and where the overall increase in accommodation approximately equals the production rate of peat. Accommodation is a function of subsidence and base level. For mires, base level is very specifically the groundwater table. In paralic settings, the groundwater table is strongly controlled by sea level and the precipitation/evaporation ratio. Peat accumulates over a range of rates, but always with a definite maximum rate set by original organic productivity and space available below depositional base level (groundwater table). Below a threshold accommodation rate (nonzero), no continuous peats accumulate, due to falling or low groundwater table, sedimentary bypass, and extensive erosion by fluvial channels. This is typical of upper highstand, lowstand fan, and basal lowstand-wedge systems tracts. Higher accommodation rates provide relatively stable conditions with rising groundwater tables. Mires initiate and ©Copyright 1997. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.1Manuscript received September 7, 1995; revised manuscript received November 25, 1996; final acceptance May 5, 1997. 2Exxon Production Research Company, 3120 Buffalo Speedway, Houston, Texas 77096. 3Exxon Production Research Company, 3120 Buffalo Speedway, Houston, Texas 77096. Present address: Conoco, Inc., P.O. Box 2197, Houston, Texas 77252. We benefited from the input and assistance of many people. Of special assistance were the teams involved in collaborative studies with Esso Australia and Esso Malaysia: P. Moore, M. Sloan, J. Emmett, B. Burns, A. Partridge, S. Creaney, Hanif Hussein, R. Hill, R. Lovell, and M. Feeley. We also thank the Rock Springs team: R. Beauboeuf, P. McLaughlin, W. Devlin, A. Carroll, Y. Y. Chen, G. Grabowski, Jr., K. Miskell-Gerhardt, M. Farley, R. Webster, and J. Schwalbach. Group members D. Curry and J. Yeakel were always helpful. We also enjoyed and profited from many discussions of these concepts with our colleagues outside Exxon: C. Diessel, R. Boyd, K. Shanley, B. Zaitlin, P. McCabe, M. Hendricks, A. Cohen, and M. Kirschbaum. We thank the reviewers of company reports, whose careful comments on several generations of this work improved it: S. Creaney, M. Feeley, J. Van Wagoner, F. Wehr, J. Yeakel, and A. Young. F. Weber and J. Zullig provided extensive management support. K. Linke translated our sketches into the fine figures herein. We value all the help.
AISHELL-3: A Multi-Speaker Mandarin TTS Corpus

In this paper, we present AISHELL-3 , a large-scale multi-speaker Mandarin speech corpus which could be used to train multi-speaker Text-To-Speech (TTS) systems. The corpus contains roughly 85 hours of emotion-neutral recordings spanning across 218 native Chinese mandarin speakers. Their auxiliary attributes such as gender, age group and native accents are explicitly marked and provided in the corpus. Moreover, transcripts in Chinese character-level and pinyin-level are provided along with the recordings. We also present some data processing strategies and techniques which match with the characteristics of the presented corpus and conduct experiments on multiple speech-synthesis systems to assess the quality of the generated speech samples, showing promising results. The corpus is available online at openslr.org/93/ under Apache v2.0 license.
Equalization and channel estimation algorithms and implementations for cellular MIMO-OFDM downlink

The aim of the thesis is to develop algorithms and architectures to meet the high data rate, low complexity requirements of the future mobile communication systems. Algorithms, architectures and implementations for detection, channel estimation and interference mitigation in the multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receivers are presented. The performance-complexity trade-offs in different receiver algorithms are studied and the results can be utilized in receiver design as well as in system design. Implementation of detectors for spatial multiplexing systems is considered first. The linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) and the K-best list sphere detector (LSD) are compared to the successive interference cancellation (SIC) detector. The SIC algorithm was found to perform worse than the K-best LSD when the MIMO channels are highly correlated. The performance difference diminishes when the correlation decreases. With feedback to the transmitter, the performance difference is even smaller, but the full rank transmissions still require a more complex detector. A reconfigurable receiver, using a simple or a more complex detector as the channel conditions change, would achieve the best performance while consuming the least amount of power in the receiver. The use of decision directed (DD) channel estimation is also studied. The 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) based pilot structure is used as a benchmark. The performance and complexity of the pilot symbol based least-squares (LS) channel estimator, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) filter and the DD space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm are studied. DD channel estimation and MMSE filtering improve the performance with high user velocities, where the pilot symbol density is not sufficient. With DD channel estimation, the pilot overhead can be reduced without any performance degradation by transmitting data instead of pilot symbols. Suppression of co-channel interference in the MIMO-OFDM receiver is finally considered. The interference and noise spatial covariance matrix is used in data detection and channel estimation. Interference mitigation is applied for linear and nonlinear detectors. An algorithm to adapt the accuracy of the matrix decomposition and the use of interference suppression is proposed. The adaptive algorithm performs well in all interference scenarios and the power consumption of the receiver can be reduced.
The Misalignment of Product Architecture and Organizational Structure in Complex Product Development

Product architecture knowledge is typically embedded in the communication patterns of established development organizations. While this enables the development of products using the existing architecture, it hinders the organization's ability to implement novel architectures, especially for complex products. Structured methods addressing this issue are lacking, as previous research has studied complex product development from two separate perspectives: product architecture and organizational structure. Our research integrates these viewpoints with a structured approach to study how design interfaces in the product architecture map onto communication patterns within the development organization. We investigate how organizational and system boundaries, design interface strength, indirect interactions, and system modularity impact the alignment of design interfaces and team interactions. We hypothesize and test how these factors explain the existence of the following cases: (1) known design interfaces not addressed by team interactions, and (2) observed team interactions not predicted by design interfaces. Our results offer important insights to managers dealing with interdependences across organizational and functional boundaries. In particular, we show how boundary effects moderate the impact of design interface strength and indirect team interactions, and are contingent on system modularity. The research uses data collected from a large commercial aircraft engine development process.
Técnicas de forestación de tierras agrarias desde la perspectiva de las relaciones suelo-planta

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of several soil preparation procedures in forestation establishment and development in localized farmland, within a territory in ombroclimatic transition between dry and semi-arid, located in Granada, southeastern Spain. An experiment in the forestation of Holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia Lam.) and Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) was set up, in which 8 different soil preparation techniques were used. The survival, total height and basal diameter of the plantation was monitored over a 5-year period (1996– 2000). The statistical analysis of these parameters evidenced highly significant differences in the overall behaviour of the two sample forest species, related to changes in the prevailing environmental conditions in these territories and the type of soil preparation procedure applied. The overall results obtained for the three parameters analysed show the effectiveness of using backhoes for pit planting and linear rippering with a hydraulic structure to captures runoffs, in comparison to other preparations. Areal soil preparations, in particular, are not recommended. forestation / semi-arid / soil preparation Résumé – Réponse du chêne vert (Quercus rotundifolia Lam.) et du pin d’Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) à différentes techniques de préparation du sol pour le reboisement de terrains agricoles abandonnés. Dans ce travail on évalue l’efficacité de différents procédés de préparation du sol pour l’établissement et le développement d’un reboisement de terrains anciennement cultivés et situés dans un domaine ombrothermique intermédiaire entre le sec et le semi-aride, à Grenade, dans le sud-est de l’Espagne. Dans ce but, on a mis en place un reboisement expérimental de chêne vert (Quercus rotundifolia Lam.) et de pin d’Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) effectué selon 8 procédés différents de préparation du sol, et pour lesquels on a relevé la survie, la hauteur totale et le diamètre basal pendant une période de 5 ans (1996– 2000). Les analyses statistiques ont mis en relief des différences significatives du comportement général des deux essences forestières testées et en relation avec les changements des conditions de milieu et des techniques de préparation du sol. Les résultats obtenus pour les trois paramètres analysés montrent l’efficacité des trous effectués à la pelle rétroexcavatrice et des sous-solages en ligne asssociés à une structure hydraulique qui récolte les écoulements, par rapport à d’autres types de préparation, notamment le travail du sol en plein dont l’utilisation est déconseillée. reboisement / semi-aride / préparation du sol
A 200-year precipitation index for the central English Lake District / Un indice de précipitation de 200 ans pour la Région des Lacs en Angleterre

Abstract Abstract The geographical context and hydroclimatology of the English Lake District means that the region is an important monitor of changes to nationally significant environmental assets. Using monthly rainfall series for sites in and around the central Lake District, a continuous ~200-year precipitation index was constructed for a representative station close to Grasmere. The bridged series shows a significant decline in summer rainfall since the 1960s, offset by increases in winter and spring that are strongly linked to North Atlantic forcing. Over longer time periods, the index exhibits several notable dry (1850s, 1880s, 1890s, 1930s, 1970s) and wet (1820s, 1870s, 1920s, 1940s, 1990s) decades. These patterns are strongly reflected by reservoir inflow series and by indicators of the biological status of the region’s freshwater lakes. It is argued that long-term climate indices will become increasingly important as managers seek to evaluate recent and project environmental changes within the context of long-term natural variability.