Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Functional Conflict on Employee Engagement through Effective Negotiation in Banking Sector of Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan

Aims: Conflict is an inevitable part of human life; however, the functional conflict is considered positive in professional life as it encourages competition and enhances employee performance due to employee engagement. Conflict in the workplace can take place in any forms but the major conflict studied in this paper is task conflict and relationship conflict. This research aims to evaluate the role of task conflict and relationship conflict towards negotiation as an intervening variable, leading towards employee engagement in the banking sector of Hyderabad. Study Design/ Methodology: This paper is based on quantitative research in which a deductive tactic is adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data by using a single (monomethod) technique. 152 respondents participated in the survey from the banking sector of Hyderabad out of which 140 valid cases were taken for this research. To test and analyze the data; statistical tests and descriptive analyses were done using SPSS software. Results: The outcome of the research revealed that task conflict is not the strong predictor of intervening variable i.e. negotiation whereas, relationship conflict is a strong predictor of negotiation and can influence employee engagement. Conclusion: To test the relationship between independent variables (IV) i:e (task conflict and relationship conflict) and dependent variable (DV) (employee engagement) through intervening variable i:e negotiation. Although this research considered two independent variables one of the Review Article Khushk; AJEBA, 14(1): 9-16, 2020; Article no.AJEBA. 54262 10 variables in this study is found to have negative relation i:e Task Conflict (TC) whereas, relationship conflict is considered positive and is a strong predictor of intervening variable i:e negotiation which has an effect on employee engagement. Finding from this research helps identify the relationship between variables and contributes well to the research objectives.
Training Program to Improve Knowledge and Performance for Nurses Working with Psychiatric Patients

Schizophrenia is the most common of the severe mental illnesses. Working with chronic and severely mentally ill people is challenging. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of training program on knowledge and performance of nurses working with psychiatric patients. A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Benha Governmental Hospital for Mental Health on a sample of 60 nurses working with schizophrenic patients. Data were collected using a knowledge questionnaire and a performance checklist before and after implementation of a training program. The results revealed that psychiatric nurses' knowledge about schizophrenia is deficient, while they have better knowledge of their role with psychiatric patients. Also, their performance seems to be more authoritative rather than considering patients' views. The implementation of the training program is effective in improving their knowledge and their performance, which showed general decreases in the scores of communicating own perception and increases in the scores of changing patient view. The changes in nurses' post-program knowledge and performance scores are influenced by some of their personal characteristics as age, gender, qualification, experience years, previous work in psychiatric hospital, and feeling satisfied with work in psychiatric nursing. Hence, the program achieved its goal of improving nurses' knowledge and performance. The study recommends adoption of the developed program and further research to assess the effectiveness of combined nursing and patients family interventions in the management of psychiatric patients. [Rehab Fathy Abdel Hady Ghaith; Sorayia Ramadan Abd El-Fattah; Youser Mohammed Elmasri and Manal Mohamed El-KayaL. Training Program to Improve Knowledge and Performance for Nurses Working with Psychiatric Patients. J Am Sci 2013;9(3):229-236]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 31
The onset of grasses in the Amazon drainage basin, evidence from the fossil record

Poaceae (the grass family) originated in the Cretaceous, but first dominate the palynological records of the Amazon drainage basin (ADB) in the Neogene (23 to 2.5 million years ago (Ma)). However, the ecological role of grasses in the landscape during this time remains to be resolved. In this paper, we summarise the global significance of grasses and the relevance of the fossil record, and evaluate the history of the grasses in the ADB. We present a 3-stage model of the changing role of grasses, which we based on a revision of Neogene depositional environments, the palynological record, and modern grass distribution in the Neotropics. Our model comprises the following hypotheses: (H1) assumes that from c. 23 to 9 Ma western Amazonia was dominated by a megawetland (the ‘Pebas system’) that harboured large amounts of (aquatic? ) grasses. In (H2) we propose that from c. 9 Ma Andean uplift prompted megafans (extremely large alluvial fans) that extended from the Andes into the lowlands. Meanwhile, the ‘Pebas’ megawetland gradually transformed into a fluvial system. In this scenario, grasses would have had a competitive advantage and were able to colonise the newly formed megafan and fluvial landscapes. Finally, in (H3) we suggest that landscape dynamics and climatic change intensified from c. 3.5 Ma, allowing for a renewed expansion of the grasses. In addition, both the fossil and molecular records suggest that from c. 5 Ma grasses were firmly established in the tropical alpine vegetation (paramo), the tropical lowland floodplains (varzeas), and savannas (cerrado). Although further study will have to confirm the precise nature of the ADB grass history, we anticipate that abiotic processes during the Neogene and Quaternary left a strong imprint in the grass phytogeography of northern South America.
Semiquantitative Evaluation of Antepartum Fetal Heart Rate

IT IS FELT by our group that the problems of signal acquisition at present are solved in a way which certainly is far from being ideal, but which enables routine fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring to be carried out in a reasonable way in every day's clinical obstetrics. We also feel that with some experience interpretation of FHR patterns and variations can be done in a way which yields extremely valuable and mostly unequivocal information useful for the management of late pregnancy and labor. However, we are impressed by the difficulties to communicate with the average obstetrician and even other research groups and we also have considerable difficulties in teaching our residents to interpret FHR patterns. This is due to the lack of clearcut quantitative definitions of FHR normality and FHR pathology. In our mind, therefore, the most urgent (and possibly also most difficult) problem at present seems to be quantitation of FHR parameters and the creation of clear-cut limits of normality and pathology based on quantitative data.
A review of the pesticide MCPA in the land‐water environment and emerging research needs

Due to its high solubility and poor adsorption to the soil matrix, the post‐emergence herbicide 2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) is susceptible to transport into surface and groundwater bodies, where it can result in compromised water quality and breaches of legislative standards. However, there is still poor understanding of catchment scale dynamics and transport, particularly across heterogeneous hydrogeological settings. While it is known that MCPA degrades under aerobic conditions, negligible breakdown can occur in anaerobic environments, potentially creating a legacy in saturated soils. Fast runoff pathways post application are likely transport routes, but the relative contribution from the mobilization of legacy MCPA from anaerobic zones has yet to be quantified, making the delineation of MCPA sources encountered during monitoring programs challenging. While ecotoxicological effects have been examined, little is known about the interaction of MCPA (and its degradation products) with other pesticides, with nutrients or with colloids, and how this combines with environmental conditions to contribute to multiple stressor effects. We examine the state of MCPA knowledge, using case study examples from Ireland, and consider the implications of its widespread detection in waterbodies and drinking water supplies. Research themes required to ensure the sustainable and safe use of MCPA in an evolving agricultural, social and political landscape are identified here. These include the need to identify mitigation measures and/or alternative treatments, to gain insights into the conditions governing mobilization and attenuation, to map pathways of migration and to identify direct, synergistic and antagonistic ecotoxicological effects.
Role Colour Plays in Influencing Consumer Behaviour

The ability of colours to attract attention has been used for a long time by marketers to gain customer’s attention. It has been found in several studies that if there is a mismatch in representation of colour associations the colour becomes an eyesore. Therefore, the present study was conducted to understand the role colour plays in influencing consumer behaviour. For this an online survey form was circulated among respondents to study their colour preferences. It was found that yellow colour was preferred the least and blue the most. There were significant differences in choices made by the two genders. The results indicated that colour influenced customer’s decision and brand recall while making purchases. It was also found that there was significant difference among respondents regarding purchase of warm and cool colours as well as warm and neutral colours. Keywords : Colour, Meaning, Associations, Sensory Marketing, Consumer Behaviour * Department of Management Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, 50th K.M. Stone, N.H. 1, Murthal, Haryana 131039, India https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.12. 3.209-222
Relationship Between the Physical Activity Level and Some Physical and Coordinative Abilities among Students at Age (12) Years

The aim of this study was to identify the physical activity level and some physical and coordinative abilities among studnts in the age group (12) years depending on the gender. Additionally, the relationship between the physical activity level and these abilities was explred. To achieve this, the researchers used the descriptive approach on a sample consisting of (115) students in the model school at Yarmouk University, with (75) male students and (40) female students, who were selected randomly. The researchers used some of the German motor test (DMT) battery items, which included some physical abilities (20 meters), flexion the trunk downwards from the stand position, amended sit-up for 40 seconds, walking and running and some coordinative abilities (back dynamic balance , Jump aside for 15s). For data processing, the researchers used the (SPSS) to calculate the mean, standard deviations, frequency and percentage, test (t) and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences at (? > 0.05) in all physical abilities according to gender variable and for males, and astatistically significant differences at (?
Visual Correlates of Thai Lexical Tone Production:Motion of the Head, Eyebrows and Larynx?

There is well-established evidence that visual articulatory information in the face and head aids identification and discrimination of lexical tone. However, the nature and locus of this information is only beginning to be specified. In previous work we identified a predominant role of head motion over face motion in both the perception and production of Cantonese lexical tone, the latter using OPTOTRAK motion tracking. We have now extended the set of OPTOTRAK markers to include the eyebrows and the larynx, and collected data from a corpus of Cantonese, Thai and Mandarin speakers. Here we report on a Thai speaker producing the five Thai tones on four Thai syllables in isolated words and sentences and in normal, whispered, and Lombard speech. Principal components (PCs) for the face (eyebrows, lips, jaw), the larynx and for independent head movement were extracted and linear mixed model analyses of range of PC1 scores revealed good differentiation on the basis of syllable identity and context and speech style. Of particular importance, the five Thai tones were best differentiated by head and larynx motion. So, these results add larynx motion as a possible visible cue for tone perception. Studies across speakers and the three languages will follow.
A Corpus-Based Study of Nominalization as a Feature of Translator’s Style (Based on the English Versions of Hong Lou Meng)

This article reports on a descriptive and explanatory study of nominalization as a feature of translators’ styles in two English versions of the Chinese novel Hong Lou Meng. This study follows Lees in defining English nominalization as a nominalized transformation of a finite verbal form, associated with the manifestation of implicitation in translation. It uses Mathesius’ complex condensation to describe English nominalization from the perspective of the sentence as adverbial, subject, and object, condensing finite clausal structures. Based on a combined quantitative and qualitative analysis, it is argued that nominalization is a feature of Joly’s formal style and a feature of Yang and Yang’s concise style. This article concludes by proposing possible interpretations of the translators’ different uses of nominalization.
Title Low ozone in the marine boundary payer of the tropical Pacific Ocean : Photochemical loss , chlorine atoms , and entrainment

Aircraft measurements of ozone, its key precursors, and a variety of chemical tracers were made in the troposphere of the western and central Pacific in October 1991. These data are presented and analyzed to examine the occurrence of low ozone concentrations in the remote marine boundary layer of the tropical and equatorial Pacific Ocean. The data from these flights out of Guam, covering an area extending from the equator to 20øN and from south of the Philippines to Hawaii, show average 0 3 concentrations as low as 8-9 ppb (ppb 10 -9 v/v) at altitudes of 0.3-0.5 km in the boundary layer. Individual measurements a low as 2-5 ppb were recorded. Low 03 concentrations do not always persist in space and time. High 03, generally associated with the transport of upper tropospheric air, was also encountered in the boundary layer. In practically all cases, 0 3 increased to values as large as 25-30 ppb within 2 km above the boundary layer top. Steady state model computations are used to suggest that these low 03 concentrations are a result of net photochemical 03 destruction in a low NO environment, sea surface deposition, and low net entrainment rates (3.6 _+ 1.7 mm s -•) from the free troposphere. Day/night measurements of select organic species (e.g., ethane, propane, C2C14) suggest that C1 atom concentrations in the vicinity of 105 molecules cm -3 may be present in the marine boundary layer in the early morning hours. This C1 atom abundance can only be rationalized if sea-salt aerosols release active chlorine (C12 or HOC1) to the gas phase when exposed to sunlight. These C1 atom concentrations, however, are still insufficient, and halogen chemistry is not likely to be an important contributor to the observed low 03.
Differences in peak cough flow values assessed by mouthpiece and facemask on healthy subjects

Background: Coughing is the most important mechanism for evacuating mucus secretions from the airways. Its efficacy directly depends on the Peak Cough Flow (PCF), the maximum air-flow generated during a cough. PCF is used to assess cough in patients with respiratory muscle weakness, mainly in neuromuscular diseases. This measure is performed using a flow meter. However, the literature describes two forms of evaluation: one using a facemask or and the other using a cylindrical mouthpiece and a nose clip. Objective: To compare the efficacy of measuring the PCF using a cylindrical disposable mouthpiece and a nose clip (PCFmouth) with measurements obtained using a silicone facemask with an inflatable pneumatic border (PCFmask) in healthy adults.Method: We recruited 34 (16 men) healthy adult subjects that performed the cough maneuver. Three valid maneuvers were performed by each of the subjects to obtain reproducible values. The PCF was measured using both interfaces applied in a random order. Results: The population characteristics were: mean age 22.1 ± 2.3 years (range 18-29), 11 smokers (32.4%) and 12 subjects (35.3%) performed physical activity at least 3 times per week. The PCFmouth was 4.6% higher than the PCFmask (499.1 ± 114.5 vs. 477.9 ± 94.5 L/min), exhibiting a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In a healthy population, there is a significant difference in PCF values obtained using a mouthpiece with a nose clip versus a facemask. Based on these results, we recommend using a mouthpiece to obtain the best peak cough flow measurement.
Spironolactone: A selective androgen receptor modulator in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

212 Background: Spironolactone is an effective drug to treat arterial hypertension as well as fluid retention and hypokalemia. Recently, some data suggested that spironolactone might induce progression in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients treated by abiraterone acetate, a recently approved selective CYP17 inhibitor. Nevertheless, no biological data are available to explain these clinical observations. The purpose of this study was to identify the potential underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: Effect of spironolactone with or without Abiraterone acetate (AA) on androgen receptor (AR) was assessed on LNCaP cells in this study. We performed a yeast-based functional assay with different levels of spironolactone with and without AA. The nuclear localization and activation of androgen receptor (AR) were detected by immunofluorescence and luciferase assays. Results: Results from the yeast-based functional assay show that the wild type androgen receptor is activated by high concentrations o.
rEadinG in EnGlisH: infErEncE sKills of YounG

Reading comprehension is a very complex process that depends on a number of cognitive and metacognitive skills and processes, the crucial ones being inference skills. The paper presents the results of a study that aimed to identify the inference skills of young learners of English as a foreign language in comprehending a narrative text (a comic strip). The participants were 90 young learners aged 11, drawn from a state primary school in Serbia. The post-reading reflection protocol was used to collect qualitative data on the participants’ inference skills, while quantitative data were collected by means of a reading task. The results indicate that successful readers applied a variety of inference skills, flexibly combining local inferences (referential, case and antecedent causal inferences) with global inferences (superordinate goal, thematic, and character emotional reaction inferences), and monitoring their comprehension while reading. By contrast, less successful readers relied mainly on local inferences, not monitoring their understanding, which resulted in poor scores in the reading test. The study highlights the need for integrating the development of young English language learners’ inference skills into reading programmes.
Business alliances – a study of abnormal returns in the Nordic stock market

My study examines 1264 business alliance announcements made by public companies in the Nordic stock market during 2000-2018 to evaluate whether such announcements generally produce abnormal stock market returns for the announcing firms. My study also assesses the types of business alliance announcements that produce the most significant abnormal effect on the stock price in the Nordics. The analysis is conducted with event study methodology including three different estimation models for increased statistical robustness. My results show that business alliances, both joint ventures and strategic alliances, generate a statistically significant cumulative average abnormal return of 1.40% during a three-day announcement period consisting of the day before the announcement, the announcement date, and the day after the announcement. The positive market reaction is most prominent in small cap firms as they produce a significant 5.74% cumulative average abnormal return during the three-day announcement period which is significantly higher than the 0.20% produced by large cap firms. However, I am generally unable to find other significant differences between the cumulative average abnormal returns between specific business alliance types although I find some evidence of business alliances with foreign partners outperforming alliances with domestic partners and high-technology business alliances underperforming compared to other alliances in the Nordic stock market.
Distribution of msp1, msp2 and eba175 Allelic Family According to Hemoglobin Genotype and G6PD Type from Children with Uncomplicated Malaria in Banfora Heath District (Burkina Faso)

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity according to the host hemoglobin and G6PD genetic variants during the course of malaria in infected children aged from 2 to 10 years and living in endemic area in Burkina Faso. Original Research Article Sombié et al.; JSRR, 26(1): 36-47, 2020; Article no.JSRR. 54343 37 Study Design: The study was designed as a longitudinal follow up conducted between May 2015 and February 2016 in Banfora health district, Burkina Faso. Methodology: We included 136 subjects (73 males and 63 females; age range from 2-10 years). Blood thick and thin film was done by capillary blood. Venous blood was collected for DNA extraction. Malaria diagnosis was done by microscopy. Human and parasite DNA were extracted based on Qiagen kit procedure. Then, hemoglobin and G6PD were genotyped by RLFP-PCR while the msp1, msp2 and eba175 genes were typed by a nested PCR. All PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1.5-2% agarose gel and alleles categorized according to the molecular weight. Results: The prevalence of hemoglobin type was 19.11% for abnormal hemoglobin and 80.9% for normal hemoglobin carriage. The prevalence of G6PD type was 91.18% for normal and 8.82% for G6PD deficiency carriage, respectively. The prevalence of msp1 allelic families was 81.60%, 80.80% and 67.20% for k1, ro33 and mad20 respectively while for msp2 gene, fc27 and 3D7 allelic family the prevalence was 70.53% and 69.64% respectively. The eba175 allelic families’ distribution showed 77.31% and 40.21% for fcr3 and Camp respectively. There was no difference in multiplicity of infection (MOI) according to hemoglobin genotypes and G6PD types. We found that k1 was the predominant allelic family of msp1 in normal hemoglobin genotype (AA) and normal G6PD type. The mixed infection of eba175 was statistically higher in abnormal hemoglobin (p=0.04). There was no statistical difference between fcr3 and camp prevalence excepted in G6PD deficient type. The polymorphism results showed that the prevalence of 450 bp in fc27 was statistically significantly higher in normal hemoglobin variant carriers (AA) than abnormal hemoglobin carriers (p=2.10 -4) ). However, the prevalence of 350 bp in fc27 was statistically higher in normal G6PD than deficient G6PD carriers (p=0.034). Conclusion: Our result showed that the distribution of msp1 and eba75 polymorphism could be influenced by hemoglobin and G6PD variants. These results suggest that hemoglobin and G6PD could influence P. falciparum genetic diversity.