Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A nutritional evaluation of common barley varieties grown for silage by beef and dairy producers in western Canada

Abstract: This study evaluated the nutritional and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) characteristics of seven barley varieties (‘Conlon’, ‘CDC Copeland’, ‘CDC Cowboy’, ‘Falcon’, ‘Legacy’, ‘AC Metcalfe’, and ‘Xena’) grown for silage. Commercial samples (n = 80) harvested at the mid-dough stage were collected over 2 years (2012 and 2013). Average pH and dry matter (DM) content were 4.05% ± 0.17% and 36.8% ± 4.1%, respectively. ‘Falcon’ and ‘AC Metcalfe’ had higher (P < 0.05) CP relative to ‘CDC Copeland’ and ‘Xena’, with intermediate values for the other varieties. Acid (ADF) and neutral (NDF) detergent fiber contents were higher (P < 0.05) for ‘CDC Cowboy’ relative to ‘Conlon’. Starch was higher (P < 0.05) for ‘Legacy’ and ‘Conlon’ than ‘CDC Cowboy’, with intermediate values for other varieties. Legacy had a greater (P < 0.05) 6-h NDFD while ‘CDC Cowboy’ had a greater (P < 0.05) 30-h NDFD. Indigestible NDF (INDF; % NDF) was greater (P < 0.05) for ‘AC Metcalfe’ relative to ‘CDC Cowboy’ and ‘Falcon’. These results indicate that barley varieties vary with respect to chemical composition and NDFD and INDF contents. Selection for higher 30-h NDFD could result in improvements in DM and DE intake and performance of growing beef cattle.
On Aitchisoniella Kash. (Marchantiales)

Morphology, chromosome number, spore ornamentation and germination patterns of Aitchisoniella himlayensis Kash. , an endemic liverwort of the western Himalaya, are investigated. The genus Aitchisoniella appears to belong to the Exormothecaceae and not to the Targioniaceae or the Corsiniaceae, as stated previously
Performance analysis of the combined plug-flow anaerobic digester (PFAD) and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) for treating swine wastewater in Thailand

The objective of this research was to analyze the overall performance, especially the removal efficiency, of the combined plug-flow anaerobic digester (PFAD) and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system, at a large swine farm in Thailand. Eighty-four wastewater samples from the digester were collected during the observation period of 302 days. Appropriate influent and effluent regions were selected for wastewater collection. Treatment efficiencies of the system were evaluated by key parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN). In addition, microbiological parameters such as E. coli and Salmonella spp. were measured. These parameters were analyzed according to the Standard Method for Examination of Water and Wastewater. The average removal efficiencies of COD, SCOD, TS, TSS and TKN were 80.6%, 85.6%, 58.7%, 82.7% and 33.9%, respectively. For the COD removal, the solid part was removed by sedimentation process while the soluble part was stabilized anaerobically. The TSS removal efficiency was quite high, indicating that the system could separate suspended solid from wastewater. The effluent had dramatically lower amount of E. coli compared with the influent. The most common Salmonella serovars in the influent samples were Stanley, Rissen, and Anatum, respectively. Biogas production rates fluctuated due to variable organic inputs to the system. These results clearly indicate that the system of PFAD and UASB is capable of treating both solid and soluble portions of swine wastewater as well as reducing pathogenic bacteria to a certain extent. However, a polishing step is required to reduce organic content of the effluent in order to meet the limit set by the regulatory agency of Thailand.
Response of mung bean to water stress and irrigation at various growth stages and plant densities: II Yield and yield components

The response of mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek cv. Pagasa 3) to three irrigation schedules, two plant densities (PD), and five moisture regimes was studied in 1987 and 1988. Water stress decreased seed yield, pod number, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-seed weight. Number of seeds per pod decreased and number of pods m-2 increased with PD. High plant density (PD2) treatment increased the yield in irrigated and nonirrigated plots compared to low plant density (PD1) treatment. Water use and water use efficiency were high at PD2 when the crop was irrigated at flowering and seed development stages. Although root water extraction efficiency (RWEE) was greater from the upper soil profile (0-60 cm) in all treatments, RWEE was higher in the 60-100 cm soil profile of dry regimes than that of wet regimes. Increase in yield and yield components were highly correlated with water applied in both years. Seed yield was also positively correlated with leaf area index and per cent ground cover while it was negatively associated with specific leaf weight, leaf water potential, osmotic potential, and root length density. The results of the experiment indicated that mung bean can suffer due to water stress when grown in an upland rice soil and that irrigation at flowering and vegetative plus pod development stages can improve seed yield. Effective utilization of subsoil moisture can also be exploited efficiently with higher PD.
Varying prevalence of Taenia taeniaeformis strobilocerci in Microtus pennsylvanicus of Montana

Of 42 Microtits pcnnsijhaniciis trapped 1 km from Bozeman, Montana, 14 (33.3 percent) were infected hv strobilocerci of Taenia taeniaefonnis, while only one (2.1 percent) of 47 was infected at a niral site 16 km from Bozeman. The higher incidence of the primary host, domestic cats, is believed to account for the higher rate of infection near Bozeman. Microtits pennsylvanicus has previously been reported as an intermediate host for Taenia { = Hydatigera) taeniaeformis by Rausch and Tiner (1949, Am. Midi. Nat. 41:665-694), who found 43 of 570 voles in the north central U.S. infected, and by Kinsella (1967, Can. J. Zool. 45:269-274), who found strobilocerci in 2 of 25 voles from western Montana. Survey data collected in southwestern Montana in 1971 indicated that the prevalence of infection of M. pennsylvanicus with T. taeniaeformis strobilocerci may vary widely according to the proximity of the voles to large numbers of primary hosts such as the domestic cat. Voles were trapped from boggy areas on two different sites near the city of Bozeman, Gallatin County, Montana. The first area was located just outside the city limits and within easy range of numerous house cats. The second area was located approximately 16 km (10 mi) from Bozeman in farm land, with the nearest residence more than 1 km (.6 mi) away. A total of 42 M. pennsylvanicus was trapped from the first area, and their livers were examined for the strobilocerci of T. taeniaeformis. Infected voles totaled 14 (33.3 percent positive), with several animals having multiple cysts (an average 1.86 cysts per infected animal). A total of 47 voles was examined from the second area and, of these, one animal (2.1 percent) was found to be infected, with its liver harboring a single cyst. The low incidence of infection of the rural M. pennsylvanicus with T. taeniaeformis is attributed to the lack of large numbers of primary hosts in the area. 'Department of Zoology, Montana State Univ 97470. iity, Bozeman, Montana . 59715. Current address: Roseburg Senior High School, Roseburg, Oregon
Diet shifts of juvenile red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) with changes in habitat and fish size

We examined the diets and habitat shift of juvenile red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the northeast Gulf of Mexico. Fish were collected from open sand-mud habitat (little to no relief), and artificial reef habitat (1-m3 concrete or PVC blocks), from June 1993 through December 1994. In 1994, fish settled over open habitat from June to September, as shown by trawl collections, then began shifting to reef habitat — a shift that was almost completed by December as observed by SCUBA visual surveys. Stomachs were examined from 1639 red snapper that ranged in size from 18.0 to 280.0 mm SL. Of these, 850 fish had empty stomachs, and 346 fish from open habitat and 443 fish from reef habitat contained prey. Prey were identified to the lowest possible taxon and quantified by volumetric measurement. Specific volume of particular prey taxa were calculated by dividing prey volume by individual fish weight. Red snapper shifted diets with increasing size. Small red snapper (<60 mm SL) fed mostly on chaetognaths, copepods, shrimp, and squid. Large red snapper (60–280 mm SL) shifted feeding to fish prey, greater amounts of squid and crabs, and continued feeding on shrimp. We compared red snapper diets for overlapping size classes (70–160 mm SL) of fish that were collected from both habitats (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index and multidimensional scaling analysis). Red snapper diets separated by habitat type rather than fish size for the size ranges that overlapped habitats. These diet shifts were attributed to feeding more on reef prey than on open-water prey. Thus, the shift in habitat shown by juvenile red snapper was reflected in their diet and suggested differential habitat values based not just on predation refuge but food resources as well.
Bee diversity (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) visiting Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.) flowers in Egypt

Different bee flower visitors were observed during the flowering seasons of Broad Bean in Ismailia, eastern Egypt, the Nile Delta and Alexandria, western Egypt. Eight major bee visitors were observed: Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Andrena sp. (Andrenidae), Chalicodoma siculum (Rossi, 1792) (Megachilidae), Colletes lacunatus Dours, 1872 (Colletidae), Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758, Anthophora hispanica (Fabricius, 1787), A. aegyptiaca (Dalla Torre and Friese, 1895) and Xylocopa pubescens (Spinola, 1838) (Apidae). Anthophora hispanica and A. aegyptiaca as well as Chalicodoma siculum had their peak flying period in the middle of the flowering season of the Broad Bean, while Xylocopa pubescens and Andrena sp. had their peak period in the second half of the flowering period.
Essays on forced migration and labour market participation in developing countries

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
The Influence of CEO Characteristic on Banking Performance

The paper aims to study the influence of a chief executive officer (CEO) characteristic on banking financial performance. CEO is the leader who will lead the company to achieve the vision, mission, and short-term target. Shareholders will determine the CEO to run the company for a specific term. Financial institution, especially banking, is a service company. That heavily depends on human resources. Therefore, the research will focus on the characteristic of the person of a CEO. Analyzed seven characteristics of a CEO that are age, education, the term of appointment, experience, any position of vice CEO, professional hire or promote internally, and affiliated to the major shareholders. The dependent variables are the return on equity (ROE) of banks. Panel data used in this research consist of 28 banks in period 2014-2018. The finding showed that the CEO age has a significant and positive impact on the profitability of banks, especially the return on equity (ROE). The implications of this research are to give information the impact of a CEO characteristic on banking financial performance. Keywords—banking, characteristic, chief executive officer, performance
How does SARS-CoV-2 Manipulates the Immune System? Critical Role of Th1, Th2, Th17 Responses

It is well known that viruses utilize several virulence mechanisms including manipulation of the host immune system. Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) may inhibit interferon responses, induce apoptosis, and manipulate various intracellular pathways. [1] Here, we discuss the successful and unsuccessful strategies of immune systems of COVID-19 patients. Based on observations from aged and younger patients, we conclude that, in general, patients who can respond to the virus with an early and adequate Th1 response have better chances of survival. Those who cannot produce enough interferon I (IFN I) switch to Th2 response profile, which produce complicated consequences. We suggest that treatment of older patients that are susceptible to severe form of the disease with IFN-I on the onset of the disease, should be beneficial.
Organic Inputs and Chemical Fertilizer on Carbon Mineralization From Two Ultisols

There are challenges that limit the use of organic inputs for soil fertility management. Amongst them is the limited knowledge of factors that affect rates of decomposition and nutrient release from different organic inputs. A study was conducted on surface soil samples of two Ultisols to determine factors affecting carbon (C) mineralization from selected organic inputs. A loamy sand (LS) from a Kandiustult and a sandy clay loam (SCL) from a Paleustult were used. Fine earth fractions of the soils mixed with organic inputs with and without chemical fertilizer were incubated for 13 weeks and the CO2 evolved was measured. Organic inputs used were biomasses of Cajanus cajan, Tephrosia vogelii, Crotalaria juncea, Mucuna pruriens, a mixture of native grasses and shrubs and composted cattle manure. The latter two inputs are traditionally used by farmers, while the leguminous plants were recommended by scientists. Treatments with chemical fertilizer only, representing the conventional farming practice, and a control with soil alone were included. Addition of organic inputs with or without fertilizer increased total CO2 emissions by 81 to 129% on the LS and by 18 to 34% on the SCL. Adding chemical fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) increased C mineralization rate constant (k) by 116% on the LS and 48% on the SCL. The mean residence time of organic carbon from treatments grouped by input type followed the order: Control > Traditional > Legumes > Conventional on both soils. In general, the k on the LS was double that on the SCL. The type of organic input, soil texture and application of chemical fertilizer significantly affected C mineralization rates from the soils.
Interactive effects of land‐use history, tree encroachment and distance to edge on species richness in an unmanaged heathland

Questions How do land-use legacies, tree encroachment and distance to the edge interact to determine species richness patterns in the ground vegetation of an unmanaged heathland? What are the direct and indirect effects of these factors? Do different functional groups respond differently to these factors? Location Norholm heathland, southwest Denmark. Methods We recorded the overstorey and ground vegetation along with environmental variables in 129 plots on a 350 ha heathland where management ceased more than 100 yrs ago. We used structural equation models (SEM) to examine the relationship between species richness of functional groups (herbs, dwarf shrubs and tree seedlings) and ground vegetation cover, overstorey development, distance to the edge and nutrient availability. Results The relative importance of the driving factors differed between functional groups. Herb richness increased with increasing nutrient availability from previous land use and decreased with overstorey development. Dwarf shrub richness responded negatively to overstorey development and herb cover. In contrast, species richness of tree seedlings responded strongly and positively to overstorey development but not to environmental variables or ground vegetation. In general, the effect of nutrient availability and distance to the edge were of similar magnitude and were largely mediated by the overstorey and ground vegetation. Conclusions Land-use legacies and tree encroachment can have differential effects on the species richness of different functional groups. Typical heathland dwarf shrubs were able to withstand moderate levels of increased nutrient availability and tree colonization. However, the combination of these factors poses a serious threat, as dwarf shrub richness decreased due to an increase in the cover of herbaceous species and light limitation. The absence of management did not lead to a rapid loss of typical heathland species.
How to be predictive with low net-to-gross reservoirs: a Triassic case study

espanolThe ability to be predictive in exploratory geology (hydrocarbon prospecting or hydrogeology) is very important when dealing with a highly heterogeneous reservoir rock and with a low net-to-gross ratio. A Triassic example is presented in the succession informally known as TIBEM (south central Spain) corresponding to a very distal fluvial flood plain that is studied in outcrop and in cores and well logs of wells made behind the outcrop (OBO characterization, Outcrop / Behind Outcrop). It is shown that there are characteristic patterns of 1D data from gamma ray and distribution of tadpoles acquired in wells that allow as to accurately locate the well within the detail sedimentary model of the ancient floodplain. In this way, from the 1D data, inferences can be made about the 3D disposition of the sands-tone sedimentary bodies corresponding to the channel and the cre-vasse-splay lobes, as well as the interconnectivity between these and their potential permeability barriers and baffles. The usefulness of this workflow when it comes to making robust models is evident. EnglishLa capacidad de ser predictivo en geologia exploratoria (pros-peccion de hidrocarburos o hidrogeologia) contando exclusivamen-te con datos de sondeo esta muy mermada cuando se trata con una roca almacen altamente heterogenea y con baja proporcion de capas porosas frente a impermeables (baja ratio net-to-gross). Se presenta un ejemplo triasico en la sucesion informalmente conocida como TIBEM (sector centro occidental de Espana) correspondiente a una llanura de inundacion fluvial muy distal que se estudia en afloramiento y en testigos de sondeo y diagrafias de pozos reali-zados detras del afloramiento (caracterizacion OBO). Se pone de manifiesto que existen unos patrones caracteristicos de datos 1D de diagrafias de rayos gamma y de distribucion de tadpoles adquiridos en pozos que permiten situar con precision el pozo dentro del mo-delo sedimentario de detalle de la antigua llanura de inundacion. De este modo, a partir del dato puntual se pueden hacer inferencias sobre la disposicion en 3D de los cuerpos sedimentarios de arenisca correspondientes al canal y a los lobulos de derrame, asi como la interconectividad entre estos y sus potenciales barreras y deflectores de permeabilidad. La utilidad de este protocolo de trabajo a la hora de confeccionar modelos robustos se pone de manifiesto.
A mid-Holocene vegetational and anthropogenic record in the Guanabara Bay region, Rio de Janeiro State, SE Brazil, assessed by palynological and charcoal data

Abstract Palynological and charcoal fragment analyses of Guanabara Bay sediments, as well as radiocarbon dating, were carried out on one 220 cm long sedimentary core collected from the northeast sector of the bay, near the São Gonçalo coast. This study aims at recognising and explaining the environmental history of this region during the mid-Holocene, and to identify the anthropogenic influences on it. The palynological data indicate the predominance of ombrophilous forest vegetation in the Guanabara Bay Hydrographic Basin at c. 6500 calendar years bp. During this period (pollen zone 1), the concentrations of pollen grains and spores may still have been controlled by the Holocene Maximum Transgressive Event. After a phase of low concentrations of palynomorphs, there was a considerable increase in the accumulation patterns of pollen and spore grains (pollen zone 2). This increase can probably be related to the retreat of the sea level event after the Holocene Maximum Transgressive Event. The 75 cm of the core top (pollen zone 3) provide clear evidence of human influence in the area, which is inferred from the significant reduction in ombrophilous forest pollen grains, the significant increase in herbaceous pollen grains, the presence of exotic pollen types (Eucalyptus and Pinus), and high concentration of carbonaceous particles.
Feeding ecology of rooks (Corvus frugilegus) on the Heretaunga Plains, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand

AbstractThe food resources of rooks were measured and related to changes in the birds' feeding behaviour during 1968-1970. In all, 381 birds were individually marked with wing tags and colour-coded leg bands and released; their activities were recorded for set periods. Rooks preferred to eat invertebrates and walnuts, but also took seed of cereals, pulses, and stock feeds. They spent at least 40% of their feeding time (75-80% in spring) eating invertebrates, 30-60% finding or hiding walnuts and sometimes acorns in autumn and winter, and 45% eating seed during hot, dry weather in summer. Up to 6% of feeding time was spent eating newly sown or ripening seed. Throughout winter rooks frequently searched for hidden nuts, which they ate or moved to new positions. The proportion of time they spent feeding and the kind of food taken varied seasonally and, in summer and winter, hourly; there were only slight differences between morning, mid-day, and afternoon periods. Rooks spent 65% of the time feeding in autumn,.
History of human impact an the natural environment

At the threshold of the Twenty-First Century, Humankind is facing a new Era. After 6 million years of genomic independent existence and after 2 million years of increased capacity in learning and transmitting information among the members of the group and from one generation to the next which supported an enduring technological tradition, we are now facing the effects of a dramatic and accelerated population growth. In the last two centuries human population size increased from one billion in 1835, to 2.5 billion by 1950. This number then doubled in only 45 years to almost 6 billion. This unprecedented increase in numbers, affecting specific geographical areas, has accentuated the deterioration of the natural environment caused by the misuse of natural resources and the depletion of fertile soils due to the clearance of forests, climatic changes and pollution.
MULTIPLE RESISTANCE OF Sagittaria montevidensis BIOTYPES TO ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE AND PHOTOSYSTEM II INHIBITING HERBICIDES

The objective of this research was to evaluate the occurance of multiple resistance of Sagittaria montevidensis (SAGMO) biotypes to acetolactate synthase (ALS) and photosystem II (PSII) inhibiting herbicides through dose-response experiments. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse from October 2012 to March 2013, in Pelotas, RS. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a triple factorial design: two biotypes of S. montevidensis(SAGMO 35 - susceptible to herbicides and SAGMO 32 - suspected to be multiple resistance to ALS and PSII inhibiting herbicides), four herbicides (penoxsulam, (imazethapyr+imazapic), bentazon and saflufenacil) and 8 rates of these herbicides (1/32x, 1/16x, 1/8x, 1/4x, 1/2x, 0x, 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x, 32x and 64x). SAGMO 32 biotype presented high levels of resistance to penoxsulam, (imazethapyr+imazapic) and bentazon. For a 50% reduction in dry matter of the resistant biotype rate of 138 and 2.46 times higher than the label required for the susceptible biotype of the herbicides (imazethapyr+imazapic) and bentazon, respectively, are required. Saflufenacil may be used successfully to controlSagittaria montevidensis resistant in irrigated rice.