Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the asymptotic behaviour of large-scale turbulence in homogeneous shear flow

The asymptotic behaviour of large-scale velocity statistics in an homogeneous turbulent shear flow is investigated using direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations on a 5123 grid, and with viscous rapid distortion theory (RDT). We use a novel pseudo-spectral algorithm that allows us to set the initial value of the shear parameter in the range 3–30 without the shortcomings of previous numerical approaches. We find there is an explicit dependence of the early-time behaviour on the initial value of the shear parameter. Moreover, the long-time asymptotes of large-scale quantities such as the ratio of the turbulent kinetic energy production rate over dissipation rate, the Reynolds stress anisotropic tensor and the shear parameter itself depend sensitively on the initial value of the shear parameter over the range of Reynolds number we could achieve (26 ≤ Rλ ≤ 63) with the stringent resolution requirements that were satisfied. To gain further insight into the matter, we analyse the full viscous RDT. While inviscid RDT has received a great deal of attention, viscous RDT has not been fully analysed. Our motivation for considering viscous RDT is so that the energy dissipation rate enters the problem, enabling the shear parameter to be defined. We show asymptotic expansions for the short-time behaviour and numerically evaluate the integrals to determine the long-time prediction of viscous RDT. The results are in quantitative agreement with DNS for short times; however, at long times viscous RDT predicts the turbulent energy decays to zero. Through an analysis of the pressure–strain terms, we show that the nonlinear ‘slow’ terms are essential for rearranging turbulent energy from the streamwise direction to the mean shear direction, and this sustains the indefinite growth of the kinetic energy at long times. In effect, the nonlinear pressure–strain correlation maintains the three-dimensionality of the turbulence, countering the tendency of the mean shear to project the turbulence onto the two-dimensional plane of the mean-flow streamlines. We postulate that the predictions of viscous RDT at long times could be improved by introducing a model for the ‘slow’ pressure–strain term, along the lines of the Rotta model.
Indefinites and the type of sets

Acknowledgements.Reading this book at different levels.Introduction. 1. Numerical Adjectives and the Type of Sets.2. The Adjectival Theory of Indefinite Predicates and Arguments.3. The Variable Constraint on Predicates and There-Insertion Subjects.4. Problems for Weak-Strong Analyses of There-Insertion Subjects.5. There-Insertion Subjects as Subjects Adjoined to Verb Phrases.6. There-Insertion Subjects Adjoined to Saturated Predicates.7. Some Questions about There-Insertion in Dutch.8. The Problem of Negative Noun Phrases.9. Relational Indefinites and Semantic Incorporation.10. Definite Time-Adverbials and Event Measures.11. Indefinite Time-Adverbials and the Counting-Grid.References. Index.
The impact of penalties on attack frequency in high-level judo matches

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of penalties on attack frequency in high-level judo matches. The study investigated 194 matches (74 women’s and 120 men’s matches) where at least one of the two competitors received the second shido. The penalties affected the attack frequency (F 2, 360 = 30.81, p < 0.001). The attack frequency was the highest after the second shido, while it was the lowest before athletes were penalised with the first shido. The increase in nage-waza attack frequency increased the possibility of winning a match twice (odds ratio (OR) = 2.01), and the increase in the number of ne-waza attacks per minute increased the possibility of winning a match 3 times (OR = 3.13). Moreover, the increase in the attack frequency especially following the second shido significantly increased the possibility of winning compared to previous penalties (OR = 1.13). Thus, the current study concludes that penalties affect match dynamics, and the change in the number and frequency of attacks affects match outcome. It is suggested that athletes should perform positive activities to increase the possibility of winning. Coaches could plan tactical trainings by taking the number of penalties into account.
Audio feedback system for engineering test satellite VII

An efficient and reliable interface to manage telemetry information is most important in the teleoperation of space robots. Operators need to be able to recognize and verify large amounts of telemetry information quickly and accurately. Visual information around the workspace of space robots is very limited, and the detailed position of work is uncertain. These difficulties raise the load on operators. We have been running experiments on assembling antennas using the Engineering Test Satellite VII (ETS-VII), so we are very much aware of the need for an effective man-machine interface to handle telemetry information. We have developed an audio interface system for the efficient operation of ETS-VII. Unlike a visual interface, this audio interface allows an operator to (1) perceive information even if pay small attention for it, and (2) easily identify trends and changes. The system analyzes telemetry information in real- time, and converts changes in the status of information into voice data, and changes in the magnitude of forces into the frequency of motor noise. The effectiveness of this audio interface was verified in operations of ETS-VII by monitoring eye movements over time. Time is measured by the mean interval between status changes and command submissions. An eye mark recorder records eye movements. The data suggests significant effects of the audio interface system.
THE SCALAR KELLER–SEGEL MODEL ON NETWORKS

In this work, we extend the one-dimensional Keller–Segel model for chemotaxis to general network topologies. We define appropriate coupling conditions ensuring the conservation of mass and show the existence and uniqueness of the solution. For our computational studies, we use a positive preserving first-order scheme satisfying a network CFL condition. Finally, we numerically validate the Keller–Segel network model and present results regarding special network geometries.
Fabrication of Solvent-Free PCL/β-TCP Composite Fiber for 3D Printing: Physiochemical and Biological Investigation

Manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) objects with polymers/bioceramic composite materials has been investigated in recent years. In this study, we manufactured and evaluated solvent-free polycaprolactone (PCL) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite fiber as a scaffold material for 3D printing. To investigate the optimal ratio of feedstock material for 3D printing, the physical and biological characteristics of four different ratios of β-TCP compounds mixed with PCL were investigated. PCL/β-TCP ratios of 0 wt. %, 10 wt. %, 20 wt. %, and 30 wt. % were fabricated, with PCL melted at 65 °C and blended with β-TCP with no solvent added during the fabrication process. Electron microscopy revealed an even distribution of β-TCP in the PCL fibers, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the biomaterial compounds remained intact after the heating and manufacturing process. In addition, adding 20% β-TCP into the PCL/β-TCP mixture significantly increased hardness and Young’s Modulus by 10% and 26.5%, respectively, suggesting that PCL-20 has better resistance to deformation under load. Cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, osteogenic gene expression, and mineralization were also observed to increase according to the amount of β-TCP added. Cell viability and ALPase activity were 20% higher with PCL-30, while upregulation for osteoblast-related gene expression was better with PCL-20. In conclusion, PCL-20 and PCL-30 fibers fabricated without solvent exhibited excellent mechanical properties, high biocompatibility, and high osteogenic ability, making them promising materials for 3D printing customized bone scaffolds promptly, sustainably, and cost-effectively.
Anomalous variations in low-degree helioseismic mode frequencies

We compare changes in the frequencies of solar acoustic modes with degree between 0 and 2, as derived from Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG), Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON) and Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) spectra obtained between 1995 and 2003. We find that, after the solar-activity dependence has been removed from the frequencies, there remain variations that appear to be significant, and are often well correlated between the different data sets. We consider possible explanations for these fluctuations, and conclude that they are likely to be related to the stochastic excitation of the modes. The existence of such fluctuations has possible relevance to the analysis of other low-degree acoustic mode spectra such as those from solar-type stars.
ANALYTIC MULTIPLICATIVE SEPARATION AND EXISTENCE INVESTIGATION OF NON-LINEAR OXYGEN TRANSPORT WITH POISEUILLE HEMODYNAMIC FLOW IN A SEMI-GENERALIZED COORDINATE SYSTEM

A well known governing nonlinear PDE used to model oxygen transport is formulated in a generalized co-ordinate system where the Laplacian is expressed in metric tensor form. A reduction of the pde to simpler problem, which has never been done before, subject to specific integrability conditions is shown. A specific form of the initial equation to be reduced has been used by Nair and coworkers [1-3] describing the intraluminal problem of oxygen transport in large capillaries or arterioles and more recent work by [4] describing release of ATP in microchannels. In each of these cases, a tube with a central core, rich in red blood cells, and with a thin plasma region near the boundary wall, free of RBCs is considered. A co-ordinate transformation to solve reduced pde in core region is adopted. An extension and modification of the work of Erbe and Wang [5] is derived and existence of positive solutions of an ode obtained in the general formulation is obtained for nonhomogeneous mixed boundary conditions and on general positive interval. Finally a solution method is given to solve a linear equation used by Nair [1-3] in the plasma layer.
Can Stringent Government Initiatives Lead to Global Economic Recovery Rapidly during the COVID-19 Epidemic?

This paper investigates the effectiveness of government measures implemented against COVID-19 and the factors influencing a country’s economic growth from a global perspective. With the help of the data of the Government Response Stringency Index (GRSI), Google mobility, and confirmed COVID-19 daily cases, we conducted a panel model for 105 countries and regions from 11 March 2020 to 31 June 2021 to explore the effects of response policies in different countries against the pandemic. First, the results showed that staying in residential places had the strongest correlation with confirmed cases. Second, in countries with higher government stringency, stay-at-home policies carried out in the early spread of the pandemic had the most effective the impact. In addition, the results have also been strictly robustly analyzed by applying the propensity score matching (PSM) method. Third, after reconstructing a panel data of 47 OECD countries, we further concluded that governments should take stricter restrictive measures in response to COVID-19. Even though it may also cause a shock to the market in the short term, this may not be sustainable. As long as the policy response is justified, it will moderate the negative effect on the economy over time, and finally have a positive effect.
Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies

More than three years ago, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the unforeseen COVID-19 pandemic with millions of deaths. In the meantime, SARS-CoV-2 has become endemic and is now part of the repertoire of viruses causing seasonal severe respiratory infections. Due to several factors, among them the development of SARS-CoV-2 immunity through natural infection, vaccination and the current dominance of seemingly less pathogenic strains belonging to the omicron lineage, the COVID-19 situation has stabilized. However, several challenges remain and the possible new occurrence of highly pathogenic variants remains a threat. Here we review the development, features and importance of assays measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). In particular we focus on in vitro infection assays and molecular interaction assays studying the binding of the receptor binding domain (RBD) with its cognate cellular receptor ACE2. These assays, but not the measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies per se, can inform us of whether antibodies produced by convalescent or vaccinated subjects may protect against the infection and thus have the potential to predict the risk of becoming newly infected. This information is extremely important given the fact that a considerable number of subjects, in particular vulnerable persons, respond poorly to the vaccination with the production of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, these assays allow to determine and evaluate the virus-neutralizing capacity of antibodies induced by vaccines and administration of plasma-, immunoglobulin preparations, monoclonal antibodies, ACE2 variants or synthetic compounds to be used for therapy of COVID-19 and assist in the preclinical evaluation of vaccines. Both types of assays can be relatively quickly adapted to newly emerging virus variants to inform us about the magnitude of cross-neutralization, which may even allow us to estimate the risk of becoming infected by newly appearing virus variants. Given the paramount importance of the infection and interaction assays we discuss their specific features, possible advantages and disadvantages, technical aspects and not yet fully resolved issues, such as cut-off levels predicting the degree of in vivo protection.
Atmospheric verification of emissions reductions on paths to deep decarbonization

A central challenge for sustaining international cooperation to cut global greenhouse gas emissions is confidence that national policy efforts are leading to a meaningful impact on the climate. Here, we apply a detection protocol to determine when the measurable signal of atmospheric CO2 can be distinguished from the noise of the carbon cycle and uncertainties in emission trends. We test that protocol with a database of 226 emission mitigation scenarios—the universe of scenarios vetted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. These scenarios are descriptive of ‘baseline’ trajectories of emissions trends in the absence of new policies along with trajectories that reflect substantial policy efforts to stop warming at 1.5 °C–2 °C above pre-industrial levels, as embodied in the Paris Agreement. The most aggressive mitigation scenarios (i.e. 1.5 °C) require 11–16 years to detect a signal of demonstrable progress from the noise; 2 °C scenarios lengthen detection by at least a decade. As more climate policy analysts face the reality that goals of 1.5 °C–2 °C seem infeasible, they have developed ‘overshoot’ scenarios with emissions that rise above the agreed goal and then, later on, fall aggressively to achieve it. These pathways come at the political cost of a 1–2 decade delay in detection, even for the 1.5 °C scenarios. The Paris Agreement requires a global ‘stocktake’ that interrogates national mitigation efforts; our results suggest that this effort must grapple with the question of when the world can gain confidence that the diplomacy on climate is demonstrably making an impact.
Lithium beam energy-momentum correlations on PBFAII

Summary form only given. The correlation between the energy and canonical angular momentum of an Li beam generated with a 15-cm-radius applied-B-field ion diode on PBFAII is measured with a magnetic spectrometer for the purpose of determining the character of instabilities in the virtual cathode of the diode. The wave nature of instabilities expected in the virtual cathode of the diode should generate a correlation between the energy and transverse momentum of the beam. The data obtained typically show phase velocities of at least 3% of the speed of light. This is consistent with an ion mode instability in the virtual cathode. Various phase velocities, instability amplitudes, and divergences are used as input parameters for forward calculations with the PICDIAG beam transport program to compare with experimental results. Results show how source divergence can decrease the apparent phase velocity.
Spectroscopic Orbits of Subsystems in Multiple Stars. IX

New spectroscopic orbits of inner subsystems in 14 hierarchies are determined from long-term monitoring with the optical echelle spectrometer, CHIRON. Their main components are nearby solar-type stars belonging to nine triple systems (HIP 3645, 14307, 36165, 79980, 103735, 103814, 104440, 105879, 109443) and five quadruples of 2 + 2 hierarchy (HIP 41171, 49336, 75663, 78163, and 117666). The inner periods range from 254 days to 18 yr. Inner subsystems in HIP 3645, 14313, 79979, 103735, 104440, and 105879 are resolved by speckle interferometry, and their combined spectro-interferometric orbits are derived here. Astrometric orbits of HIP 49336 Aa,Ab and HIP 117666 Aa,Ab are determined from wobble in the observed motion of the outer pairs. Comparison with three spectroscopic orbits found in the Gaia data release 3 archive reveals that Gaia underestimated the amplitudes (except for HIP 109443), while the periods match approximately. This work contributes new data on the architecture of nearby hierarchical systems, complementing their statistics.
Development and validation of a multivariate model for predicting heart failure hospitalization and mortality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a common cardiovascular disease in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Once these patients on MHD exhibit HF, their hospitalization rate, mortality, and economic burden will be significantly increased. Early identification and prediction of hospitalization and death are of great importance for reducing hospitalization and mortality. This study used multicenter clinical data to develop and externally validate clinical risk models to predict expected mortality and HF hospitalization rates in MHD patients with HF. Materials and Methods: From January 2017 to October 2022, 348 patients receiving MHD from four participating centers were enrolled. Demographic data, MHD treatment modalities, laboratory tests, and echocardiography data were collected when the initial event occurred. Three centers were randomly assigned to the modeling dataset (n=258), and one center was assigned to the external validation set (n=90). Considering a composite outcome of HF hospitalization and death as the primary endpoint and hospitalization due to HF or death as the secondary endpoint, a COX clinical prediction model was constructed and verified using internal and external datasets. Results: The median age of patients in the modeling cohort was 63 years old, 41.5% of patients were women; 165 (61%) had a history of HF; 81 (31.4%) were hospitalized for HF; and 39 (15.1%) patients had died. The c-statistic values for composite outcome, hospitalization for HF, and mortality were 0.812, 0.808, and 0.811, respectively. The predictors of death and hospitalization outcomes caused by HF are significantly different. The strongest predictors of HF hospitalization outcomes were advanced age, multiple HF hospitalizations, hyponatremia, high levels of NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT, and larger MVe values. The strongest predictors of mortality were longer dialysis age, combined atrial fibrillation, calcification of the aortic or mitral valve (especially calcification, and in particular aortic valve calcification), pleural effusion, low serum sodium, and higher levels of hs-cTnT. The median age of the patients in the external validation cohort was 63 years old; 28.8% were female; 35 (38.1%) had a history of HF; 11 (12.2%) were hospitalized for HF; and 5 (5.6%) died. The c-statistic of the predictive models for composite outcome, hospitalisation for HF, and mortality was comparable to that of the modelling cohort. Conclusion: The model established in this study is stable and reliable and the included variables are easily obtained from the routine clinical environment. The model can provide useful risk factors and prognostic information for patients with MHD combined with HF.
Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain as a Parameter of Mild Myocardial Dysfunction in Athletes after COVID-19

Background Whether impaired left ventricular (LV) function contributes to persistent cardiopulmonary symptoms or decreased exercise capacity after COVID-19 remains unclear. The aim of this prospective study was to determine differences in LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) between athletes who did not have a history of LV dysfunction but had a positive COVID-19 test (PCAt) and healthy control (CON) athletes and relate them to symptoms during COVID-19. Methods We performed 151 transthoracic echocardiographies in our high-performance laboratory. GLS was determined in four-, two-, and three-chamber views and assessed offline by a blinded investigator in 88 PCAt (35% women) at a median of two months after COVID-19 who trained at least three times per week with more than 20 MET per week and 52 CONs from the German national squad (38% women). Results GLS was significantly lower (GLS -18.53 {+/-}1.94% vs. -19.94{+/-}1.42%, p<0.001) and diastolic function significantly reduced (E/A 1.54{+/-}0.52 vs. 1.66{+/-}0.43, p=0.020; E`l 0.15{+/-}0.04 vs. 0.17{+/-}0.04, p=0.009; E/E'l 5.74{+/-}1.74 vs. 5.22{+/-}1.36, p=0.024) in PCAt. There was no association between GLS and acute symptoms like resting dyspnea, exertional dyspnea during or after COVID-19, palpitations, chest pain or increased resting heart rate. However, there was a trend toward lower GLS in PCAt with subjectively perceived performance limitation (p=0.054). Conclusions In a cohort of athletes at a median two months after COVID-19, significantly lower GLS and diastolic function were observed, suggesting mild myocardial dysfunction. GLS could be used as a screening element during return-to-sport examinations.
Attitudes towards clinical and non-clinical services among individuals who self-harm or attempt suicide: A systematic review

The prevalence of self-harm has increased substantially in recent decades. Despite the development of guidelines for better management and prevention of self-harm, service users report that quality of care remains variable. A previous systematic review of research published to June 2006 documented largely negative experiences of clinical services among patients who self-harm. We reviewed research papers published since then until July 2022 to examine contemporary attitudes towards clinical and non-clinical services among individuals who self-harm and their relatives. We identified 29 studies meeting inclusion criteria, all of which were from high- or middle-income countries and were generally of high methodological quality. Our narrative synthesis identified negative attitudes towards clinical management and organisational barriers across services. Generally, more positive attitudes were found towards non-clinical services providing therapeutic contact, such as voluntary sector organisations and social services, than clinical services, such as emergency departments and inpatient units. Views suggested that negative experiences of service provision may perpetuate a cycle of self-harm. Our review suggests that in recent years there has been little improvement in experiences of services for patients who self-harm. These findings should be used to reform clinical guidelines and staff training across clinical services to promote patient-centred and compassionate care and deliver more effective, acceptable and accessible services.