Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size at Implantation Affects Growth of Juvenile Steelhead Implanted with 12-mm Passive Integrated Transponders

Abstract Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags have led to greater understanding of fish growth, survival, predation, migration, behavior, and the effects of human-caused environmental manipulation. Technological advances have reduced the size of PIT tags, permitting their implantation into smaller fish. To reap the benefits of PIT tag technology, implantation must not adversely impact growth, survival, or behavior. Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss parr reared in a natural-like environment were implanted with 12-mm PIT tags, and implantation effects on growth rate were measured. Steelhead had fork lengths ranging from 45 to 96 mm after 4 weeks of rearing in an outdoor stream channel. Thirty (17.4%) of the 172 steelhead parr that were under 74 mm at the time of PIT tag implantation had instantaneous growth rates of 0 [log e (g)]/d or less, while all parr (n = 72) over 75 mm exhibited positive growth rates. Logistic regression indicated that fork length at implantation was significantly related to the prob.
Review Lecture - Configurational and biological properties of polyoma virus DNA

The experimental study of viral carcinogenesis has made considerable advances in the last few years. On the basis of recently discovered facts, many aspects of this interesting process can now be understood. I intend to discuss some of the newly acquired facts, in part discovered in our laboratory, in relation to the mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis. There are two types of cancer-producing viruses: those containing DNA and those containing RNA. We shall consider here only those that contain DNA, of which there are three main groups: (1) polyoma virus and simian virus 40 (SV 40); (2) papilloma viruses of rabbit, man, bovine and dog; (3) adenoviruses, of the types 7, 12, and 18.
Soil acidity and Rhizobium: their effects on nodulation of subterranean clover on the slopes of southern New South Wales

Rhizobium trifolii and root nodulation were compared in acid and limed soil to investigate mechanisms by which current soil acidity on the slopes of southern New South Wales may reduce the growth of Trifolium subterraneum. Increasing soil pH increased both the rate at which Rhizobium trifolii colonized soil and the frequency of nodules/g root (NF). Thus, numbers of R. trifolii were greater in carbonate-treated soil throughout autumn and winter compared to unlimed soil. In limed soil R. trifolii were measured at 104-105/g soil as early as seedling germination, 40-200 x more than in unlimed soil. Despite this, by spring, the numbers of rhizobia in soil without lime reached large and even similar levels as occurred in limed soil. Subsequently, with the drying of soil in summer, the numbers of R. trifolii declined markedly in both untreated and limed soil. Maximum NF could not be achieved with addition of Ca without increase in pH. From the field observations and other research, a hypothetical model is proposed to explain how differences in the rates of change in rhizobial numbers due to acidity may determine nodulation (NF). Thus, it is suggested that, when there is a repetitive decline in numbers of R. trifolii to low levels in summer, their subsequent rate of increase in the following autumn influences nodule abundance. The production of DM in an acidic soil appeared to be limited by symbiotic N2 fixation since added N fertilizer removed lime response. The limitation to N2 fixation did not appear to be due to lower occupancy of nodules by Rhizobium strains with less potential for N2 fixation than those in limed soil. It is possible that the effect of acidity on NF influences DM, though sampling limitations made it difficult to generalize in this regard.
Virulence in Meloidogyne hapla differentiated by resistance in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris )

A diverse collection of seven Meloidogyne hapla isolates, all identified as cytological race A, were studied for their host-parasite interactions with several common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. The M. hapla isolates showed significant (P < 0.01) differential interactions of ability to reproduce on resistant common bean cultivars. Based on the nematode egg mass production on susceptible cv. Yolano and resistant cv. NemaSnap beans, the isolates formed three groups. Four isolates produced many egg masses on both susceptible and resistant cultivars and were defined as virulent to resistance in cv. NemaSnap. Two isolates produced many egg mass numbers on susceptible cv. Yolano, but very few on resistant cv. NemaSnap, and were defined as avirulent to the resistance in NemaSnap. One isolate, WI, produced fewer egg masses on susceptible cv. Yolano than on resistant cv. Nemasnap and was defined as virulent to resistance in cv. NemaSnap. The three types of host-parasite interaction indicated a transagonal reaction for a gene-for-gene relationship between M. hapla and resistant common bean (cv. NemaSnap). Analysis of an F2 population from crosses between cultivars NemaSnap and Yolano revealed a single dominant gene pattern of segregation for a major form of resistance in cv. NemaSnap. According to an allelism test, the resistance to M. hapla in cv. NemaSnap was not derived from the line PI165426, which is the pedigree source of M. incognita resistance in cv. NemaSnap. However, PI165426 was found to have M. hapla resistance but may not be homozygous for these factors.
Inflation Dynamics in Turkey: In Pursuit of a Domestic Cost Measure

ABSTRACT We provide Bayesian estimates of an empirical model of consumer price inflation for Turkey based on the hybrid new Keynesian Phillips curve. We decompose real marginal costs into domestic and foreign components and focus particularly on identifying the effect of the domestic component. We find that the baseline model that uses output gap as a measure of domestic real marginal costs does a better job in explaining consumer price inflation compared to alternative models that incorporate real unit labor costs. However, estimations for services inflation point to the importance of real unit labor costs for this sector.
Mapping the Galactic Disk with the LAMOST and Gaia Red Clump Sample. I. Precise Distances, Masses, Ages, and 3D Velocities of ∼140,000 Red Clump Stars

We present a sample of ∼140,000 primary red clump (RC) stars of spectral signal-to-noise ratios higher than 20 from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Galactic spectroscopic surveys, selected based on their positions in the metallicity-dependent effective temperature–surface gravity and color–metallicity diagrams, supervised by high-quality Kepler asteroseismology data. The stellar masses and ages of those stars are further determined from the LAMOST spectra, using the kernel principal component analysis method and are trained with thousands of RCs in the LAMOST–Kepler fields with accurate asteroseismic mass measurements. The purity and completeness of our primary RC sample are generally higher than 80%. For the mass and age, a variety of tests show typical uncertainties of 15% and 30%, respectively. Using over 10,000 primary RCs with accurate distance measurements from the parallaxes of Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2), we recalibrate the Ks absolute magnitudes of primary RCs by, for the first time, considering both the metallicity and age dependencies. With the the new calibration, distances are derived for all the primary RCs, with a typical uncertainty of 5–10%, which is even better than the values yielded by the Gaia parallax measurements for stars beyond 3–4 kpc. The sample covers a significant volume of the Galactic disk of 4 ≤ R ≤ 16 kpc, , and −20 ≤ ϕ ≤ 50°. Stellar atmospheric parameters, line-of-sight velocities, and elemental abundances derived from the LAMOST spectra and proper motions of Gaia DR2 are also provided for the sample stars. Finally, the selection function of the sample is carefully evaluated in the color–magnitude plane for different sky areas. The sample is publicly available at 10.5281/zenodo.3875974.
The effect of the halothane gene on pork production and meat quality of pigs reared under commercial conditions

Production and meat quality traits were evaluated on 74 commercially raised heterozygous pigs (Nn) and 50 homozygous normal pigs (NN) at the halothane locus, with an average carcass weight of 79.7 kg. Eight-week weight, average daily gain and age to market, as well as measures of carcass quality (i.e., dressing percent, grade site fat and muscle depths and predicted lean yield) did not differ among pigs with Nn and NN genotypes. The longissimus dorsi muscle from Nn and NN pigs had similar subjective colour and structure scores. Reflectance meter readings (CIE L*-values) were significantly higher on chops from Nn than from NN pigs taken from the centre (57.4 vs. 55.6) and from the anterior portion (56.2 vs. 54.5) of the loin. Drip loss among Nn pigs was higher than among NN pigs for chops taken from the centre (4.8 vs. 3.8 g 100 g−1) and from the anterior portion (3.7 vs. 2.9 g 100 g−1) of the loin (P < 0.01). Soluble protein was 1.7% lower (P < 0.001) in Nn pigs compared with the NN pigs. Barrows attained.
Characterisation of alkaline tailings from a lead/zinc mine in South Africa and evaluation of their revegetation potential using five indigenous grass species

Tailings from a lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine were characterised and their revegetation potential investigated under glasshouse conditions using five grass species with three rates of inorganic fertiliser. The tailings were alkaline with low nutrient concentrations but high total and extractable Zn. The yield of all grass species increased with an increase in fertiliser rate. The yield of Cenchrus ciliaris at the full fertiliser application rate was significantly higher than the other species tested, followed by Digitaria eriantha. Cymbopogon plurinodis was the third-highest-yielding species, whereas yields of Eragrostis superba and Fingeruthia africana were similar. Concentrations of Zn in the foliage tended to be over the reported grass foliage ranges, whereas Pb concentrations were within typical norms. It is recommended that C. ciliaris, D. eriantha and E. superba be used for initial revegetation, with other species used to improve biodiversity after initial cover has been established.
Reconstructing the mass accretion histories of nearby red nuggets with their globular cluster systems

Abstract It is generally recognized that massive galaxies form through a combination of in-situ collapse and ex-situ accretion. The in-situ component forms early, where gas collapse and compaction leads to the formation of massive compact systems (blue and red “nuggets”) seen at z > 1. The subsequent accretion of satellites brings in ex-situ material, growing these nuggets in size and mass to appear as the massive early-type galaxies (ETGs) we see locally. Due to stochasticity in the accretion process, in a few rare cases a red nugget will evolve to the present day having undergone little ex-situ mass accretion. The resulting massive, compact and ancient objects have been termed “relic galaxies”. Detailed stellar population and kinematic analyses are required to characterise these systems. However, an additional crucial aspect lies in determining the fraction of ex-situ mass they have accreted since their formation. Globular cluster systems can be used to constrain this fraction, since the oldest and most metal-poor globular clusters in massive galaxies are primarily an accreted, ex-situ population. Models for the formation of relic galaxies and their globular cluster systems suggest that, due to their early compaction and limited accretion of dark-matter dominated satellites, relic galaxies should have characteristically low dark-matter mass fractions compared to ETGs of the same stellar mass.
Design and Hardware Implementation of a Separable Image Steganographic Scheme Using Public-key Cryptosystem

In this paper, a novel and efficient hardware implementation of steganographic cryptosystem based on a public-key cryptography is proposed. Digital images are utilized as carriers of secret data between sender and receiver parties in the communication channel. The proposed public-key cryptosystem offers a separable framework that allows to embed or extract secret data and encrypt or decrypt the carrier using the public-private key pair, independently. Paillier cryptographic system is adopted to encrypt and decrypt pixels of the digital image. To achieve efficiency, a proposed efficient parallel montgomery exponentiation core is designed and implemented for performing the underlying field operations in the Paillier cryptosystem. The hardware implementation results of the proposed steganographic cryptosystem show an efficiency in terms of area (resources), performance (speed) and power consumption. Our steganographic cryptosystem represents a small footprint making it well-suited for the embedded systems and real-time processing engines in applications such as medical scanning devices, autopilot cars and drones.
Plant and Pollinator Communities of High Elevation Rock Outcrops

ABSTRACT: High-elevation rock outcrop ecosystems are home to a unique flora, with endemic and disjunct species hypothesized to be susceptible to shifts in species composition or phenology with climate warming. Easily accessed outcrops also are susceptible to human disturbance. We surveyed vegetation, flowering plant species, and insect pollinators on seven outcrops that range from relatively inaccessible to frequently visited to determine if: (1) vegetation composition or abundance correlates with accessibility; (2) establish baseline information on species composition and abundance; and (3) determine if specialized plant-pollinator interactions indicate susceptibility to shifts in flowering time. Richness of plant cover was not related to outcrop accessibility; however, the least accessible outcrop had the lowest frequency of bare rock, relatively high lichen cover, and vegetation patches with a distinct flora of spikemoss (Selaginella sp.), mosses, lichens, and vascular plants. Bare rock was most abundant on the most accessible outcrop. Almost half of obligate outcrop plant species within sampled vegetation occurred on only one or two of the seven outcrops. Each outcrop had a unique subset of species in flower at each sampling time. Flowering plants were visited, on average, by five different insect morpho-species and families. Each insect morpho-species visited at least two plant species; bumblebees (Bombus) and sweatbees (Halictidae) visited as many as eight plant species. Generalist interactions suggest lower susceptibility to temporal mismatches between plants and pollinators with climate warming; however, individual outcrops do not harbor the full suite of specialized and sensitive plant species, and conservation efforts should focus on retaining outcrop plant communities.
Factors that regulate the zooplankton community structure of a turbid, hypereutrophic Great Lakes wetland

We sampled zooplankton from mid-May to early September over 2 years to study the spatial and seasonal distribution of animals in a large urban wetland of Lake Ontario. Samples were from several habitat types including open water, vegetated areas, fast-flow areas, and a sewage lagoon. Mean seasonal densities ranged from 17 individuals/L (5 μg/L) in fast-flow areas to 1800 individuals/L (1100 μg/L) in low-flow, highly vegetated areas. All of our sites were dominated by herbivorous rotifers (e.g., Brachionus sp., Polyarthra sp., Keratella sp.), small herbivorous cladocerans (Bosmina longirostris; mean length <300 μm), cyclopoid nauplii, and medium-sized cladocerans (e.g., Moina micrura; mean length 300-600 μm), which were absent from the most eutrophic sites. The high levels of inorganic suspended solids in the marsh appeared to select against large filter feeders such as Daphnia and allowed smaller zooplankton to dominate. Multivariate analyses indicated that the zooplankton distribution was related to flow rate, extent of macrophyte cover, and level of site degradation. If the forthcoming carp (Cyprinus carpio) exclusion from Cootes Paradise Marsh results in increased macrophyte growth, we predict that zooplankton biomass will increase and that the zooplankton community may shift to larger forms.
Movement and dispersal patterns in the bush cricket Pholidoptera griseoaptera: the role of developmental stage and sex

Abstract. 1. To persist in a highly fragmented environment, such as the intensively used agricultural landscapes of Europe, species may need to successfully disperse between sub‐populations. This paper describes a capture – mark – resight experiment to investigate movement and dispersal patterns of the flightless bush cricket species Pholidoptera griseoaptera.
Invaders on the move: parasitism in the sexual galls of four alien gall wasps in Britain (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

Four alien, host–alternating cynipid gall wasps are established in the British Isles: Andricus kollari, A. lignicola, A. quercuscalicis and A. corruptrix. Their current distributions divide Britain into four zones; all four invaders are present in the south and south–east of Britain, whereas only A. kollari is present in the far north of Scotland. The rank order, according to how far north the distributions of the four invading cynipid species reach, is: A. corruptrix → A. quercuscalicis → A. lignicola → A. kollari. The life cycles of all four cynipid species involve a sexual generation in spring on Quercus cerris, and an agamic generation in autumn on Q. robur. Here we studied the parasitoid attack by four pteromalid species on the sexual generations of the invaders. We collected and reared the galls of all four species at eight sites from the south to the north of the country (two sites per zone). The geographical locations of the sites reflect the invasion history and thus the residence time of the alien species in the four zones. At each site we measured the densities of all host galls on Q. cerris and of both obligatory host–tree species. We also took a series of measures, such as host–tree density and mean host–tree size, to further characterize the tree stands. These measures are referred to as local parameters. Host densities varied between sites and between years. In A. kollari, galling rates were highest in the middle of the country (zone 2) in 1994, whereas in 1995 they increased from the south to the north. In A. lignicola, galling rates in both years were lowest at the sites in zone 3 (closest to its distribution boundary). In A. quercuscalicis, galling rates were found to be lowest at the site most to the north–west in both years, again the one furthest away from the area where this species was first recorded. Mortality caused by parasitoid attack differed from less than 10% to as high as 70% and varied between host species, sites and years. In four out of six cases the historical/regional variables (north/south and east/west) correlated significantly with parasitoid attack rates that were characteristically lowest at sites close to the distribution boundaries. Of the local factors, we found parasitoid attack rates correlated negatively in one case with host density, whereas they correlated positively in four cases with the density of alternative hosts of the parasitoids. In one of the models the local density of Q. cerris trees correlated negatively with parasitoid attack on A. quercuscalicis. For all three host species the terms retained in the minimal adequate models obtained for 1994 and 1995 differed, which might indicate that these communities of native parasitoids and invading host have not yet settled in any definite structure.
Morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) da Reserva Rio das Pedras, Rio de Janeiro, Sudeste do Brasil

A list of bats species from Reserva Rio das Pedras, Municipality of Mangaratiba, was performed using captures with mist nets, from September 1995 to June 2008, totaling 242424 h.net of capture effort. A total of 30 bat species were recorded in 1321 captures and recaptures. The predominant species were Carollia perspicillata and Artibeus lituratus. Six families were registered: Emballonuridae, Noctilionidae, Phyllostomidae, Thyropteridae, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae. Compared with six lists of species available from locations up to 100 km, Reserva Rio das Pedras showed high species richness, diversity and abundance of Phyllostominae, proving the relevance of the site for bats conservation.
Phosphorus Stress Alters Boron Metabolism of Mustard

The study has been made to understand the role of phosphorus in changing the boron (B) metabolism of mustard (Brassica campestris L.) cv. T9 by growing the plants in refined sand at deficient (0.3 μM), adequate (30 μM) and excess (300 μM) levels of boron, each at three levels of phosphorus (P), low (0.15 mM), normal (1.5 mM) and excess (3.0 mM). The synergy between B and P was reflected when low phosphorus accentuated the effects of B deficiency by lowering further the reduced dry weight, total seed yield and increased further the concentration of reducing sugars, phosphorylated protein and activities of acid phosphatase and ribonuclease in B deficient leaves. The effects of excess boron in mustard, viz., reduction in dry weight, seed weight, contents of reducing sugars, organic P, oil content, activity of ribonuclease and stimulating leaf boron, content of inorganic P, phosphorylated protein were accelerated further by combined toxicity of both nutrients. No seeds were produced at deficient B even on increasing the P supply to twice that of adequate amount. The synergy was again observed between B and P when low phosphorus accentuated boron excess effects, i.e., the depression in dry weight, seed yield, reducing sugars, organic P, and oil content and increasing further B and activity of ATPase in young leaves in low P–excess B treatment in mustard.
Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the marine shrimp Penaeus.

The evolutionary relationships among 13 species representing all six subgenera of the shrimp genus Penaeus were examined using 558 bp of mitochondrial (mt) DNA from the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Analyses of this sequence revealed high genetic divergence between species (d = 8-24%), a finding which contrasts with previous work, which indicated that genetic diversity, based on electrophoretic analysis of allozymes, was extremely low in Penaeus. Three tree-building methods (maximum parsimony, neighbor joining, and maximum likelihood) were concordant in indicating that current subgenera assignments do not reflect evolutionary partitions within the genus Penaeus. While the molecular phylogenies cast doubt on the validity of subgenera, the observed relationships are concordant with biogeographic boundaries across the tropical range of Penaeus. Both the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific contain monophyletic species pairs which cluster together in all analyses. The Indo-Pacific contains a putative basal taxa (P. indicus), the deepest mtDNA lineages, and the highest diversity, including representatives of all three primary lineages observed in Penaeus. These data are consistent with the suggestion by Dall et al. (1990) that Penaeus arose in the Indo-Pacific and radiated eastward and westward to account for the current circumtropical distribution of the genus. This phylogenetic framework for Penaeus will enhance the scientific foundations for wildlife resource management and breeding experiments (hybridization and related manipulations) designed to improve the commercial value of captive strains.