Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anodic Polarization Behavior of Copper in Aqueous Bromide and Bromide/Benzotriazole Solutions

Theoretical potential-pH equilibria and anodic polarization studies were used to show that formation of the aqueous CuBr 2 - complex in 1M NaBr at ∼24 o C promotes active behavior of copper at pH values ≥3<7 in a manner similar to that observed in chloride solutions. A region of apparent Tafel behavior is observed with a position and slope (dE/d log i) of 60 mV that is consistent with mass transport control of the CuBr 2 - species. Careful analysis of this region provides a method for checking the value of the chemical-free energy of the cuprous complex. Polarization studies in benzotriazole containing 1M NaBr show that benzotriazole interacts with the active oxide-free copper surface to inhibit anodic dissolution of copper. The interaction is potential-dependent, similar to the behavior in chloride solutions, and inhibition is less effective at the lower pH values. Furthermore, a potential occurs above which the spontaneous repair of a damaged inhibiting film is unlikely. The inhibition process is discussed and the observations are shown to be reasonably consistent with a mechanism whose first step is the adsorption of the neutral benzotriazole molecule. Some possible similarities and differences between the active behavior of copper in iodide and bromide solutions are discussed on the basis of differences in their potential-pH equilibria
Demonstrating Narrative Bindings: Linking Discourses to Knowledge Repositories

Scientiﬁc discourse is based on exchanging knowledge in the form of stringent and well-arranged argumentations. Capturing the full variety and ﬂexibility of argumentations within a single knowledge repository is close to impossible. Therefore, we have designed a narrative model that, on the one hand, captures the key aspects of argumentations (entities, events, relations, etc.), and on the other hand, is a logical overlay on top of existing knowledge repositories. Hence, users may formulate a narrative and validate its plausibility with data of diﬀerent knowledge repositories via narrative bindings. This paper describes and discusses the computation of narrative bindings against three diﬀerent types of sources: the document collection PubMed, the knowledge graph Wiki-data and the WHO data sets. We give insights into the computation of narrative bindings and discuss open research questions.
REVISTA DE CONTABILIDAD SPANISH ACCOUNTING REVIEW

This study first employs the dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to measure the operating performance of the U.S. airline industry for the period 2006-2014. We examine whether airlines included in the Kinder, Lydenberg, and Domini (KLD) database have higher efficiencies than airlines not included in the KLD database. The seven corporate social responsibility (CSR) dimensions available in the KLD database are used to proxy for CSR. Through a radar graph, we thus also document the extent to which the airlines have implemented each of the dimensions of CSR. Next, this study explores the relationship between CSR and the operating performance of the airlines. Our findings show an indirect relationship between CSR and operating performance, which relies on the mediating effect of intangibles, after accounting for potential endogeneity problem. The findings of this study can provide guidelines for coping with CSR issues in the airline industry and for implementing CSR policies. ©2021 ASEPUC. Published by EDITUM Universidad de Murcia. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Códigos JEL: M14 L21 Palabras clave: Análisis de la envolvente de datos dinámicos Responsabilidad social corporativa Intangibles Aerolíneas de EE.UU. KLD La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, los Intangibles y el Desempeño Dinámico de las Aerolíneas Estadounidenses
Analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from Lippia lacunosa Mart. & Schauer and Lippia rotundifolia Cham. (Verbenaceae) by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Lippia lacunosa and L. rotundifolia (Verbenaceae) are two Brazilian species of complex taxonomic delimitation. The composition of the essential oils from leaves and flowers of these plants was investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The major components of the essential oils of flowers and leaves of L. lacunosa were: myrcene (14.7% and 11.9%), myrcenone (45.2% and 64.2%), Z-ocimenone (5.7% and 5.2%), and E-ocimenone (14.7% and 4.1%), respectively; whereas in L. rotundifolia (flowers and leaves) were a-pinene (8.7% and 1.8%), myrcene (5.1% and 3.6%), limonene (26.0% and 7.9 %), cis-pinocamphone (4.5% and 3.1%) and myrtenal (22.3% and 16.7%), respectively. The essential oils from L. lacunosa exhibited a strong and pleasant mango aroma, which was related to the presence of myrcene and myrcenone. The marked differences in the chemical composition of their essential oils may represent a powerful tool for the botanical classification.
Direct-Contact Heat Transfer Coefficient for Condensing Vapour Bubble in Stagnant Liquid Pool

Abstract Direct-contact heat transfer involves the exchange of heat between two fluids by bringing them into intimate contact with each other. While one of the fluids involved is the continuous phase or the ‘quiescent phase’, the other, which is intimately mixed with the former, is called as the ‘dispersed phase’. The advantage of direct-contact heat transfer is that it generates a very high value of overall heat transfer coefficient resulting in higher heat transfer efficiency. This overall heat transfer coefficient is at its maximum at the instant when the two fluids (phases) make their contact. The value of the heat transfer coefficient decreases rapidly due to the additional heat transfer resistances built up such as the condensate layer and so on. This rapid process has made experimental measurement of the initial heat transfer coefficient illusive. So far there has been only one such analytical expression that has been derived to describe this initial process. The same authors also devised an experimental technique for measuring the direct contact heat transfer coefficient during this initial phase. However, while the experimental technique of the abovementioned authors was adequate, their analytical expression to evaluate the direct-contact heat transfer coefficient was incorrect. In this paper, five mathematical expressions have been presented for estimation of the direct-contact heat transfer coefficient for a condensing vapour bubble. Of these, three have been exclusively derived here and the other two are modifications from the already existing expressions. Comparisons have been made with the available experimental results and the physics revealed by the comparisons are described.
Running head : Sensitivity of nestling and fledgling mass to weather 1 Contrasting sensitivity of nestling and fledgling Barn 2 Swallow Hirundo rustica body mass to local weather 3 conditions

Contrasting sensitivity of nestling and fledgling Barn 2 Swallow Hirundo rustica body mass to local weather 3 conditions 4 5 RICHARD J. FACEY,* JIM O. VAFIDIS, JEREMY A. SMITH, IAN P. VAUGHAN, & 6 ROBERT J. THOMAS 7 8 1 Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, The Sir Martin Evans Building Museum Ave, 9 Cardiff, UK, CF10 3AX 10 11 2 University of the West of England, Department of Applied Sciences, Bristol, UK, BS16 1QY 12 13 Corresponding author. 14 Email: faceyrj@cardiff.ac. uk 15 16 17
Executive function supports single-shot endowment of value to arbitrary transient goals

People often learn from the outcomes of their actions, even when these outcomes do not involve material rewards or punishments. How does our brain provide this flexibility? We combined behavior, computational modeling, and functional neuroimaging to probe whether learning from transient goals harnesses the same circuitry that supports learning from secondary reinforcers. Behavior and neuroimaging revealed that “one-shot” transient goals (abstract fractal images seen once) can act as a substitute for rewards during instrumental learning, and produce reliable reward-like signals in dopaminergic reward circuits. Moreover, we found evidence that prefrontal correlates of executive control may play a role in shaping these responses in reward circuits. These results suggest that learning from abstract goal outcomes is supported by an interplay between high-level representations in prefrontal cortex and low-level responses in subcortical reward circuits. This interaction may allow humans to perform reinforcement learning over flexible, arbitrarily abstract reward functions.
Strategic trade-offs between choice biases and accuracy for decisions based 1 on asymmetric , rare evidence

1Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA 4 2Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 5 3Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA 6 4Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA 7 5Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA 8 ‡equal contributions 9 *corresponding author: tahra.eissa@colorado.edu 10
High content Image Analysis to study phenotypic heterogeneity in endothelial cell monolayers

Endothelial cells (EC) are heterogeneous across and within tissues, reflecting distinct, specialised functions. EC heterogeneity has been proposed to underpin EC plasticity independently from vessel microenvironments. However, heterogeneity driven by contact-dependent or short-range cell-cell crosstalk cannot be evaluated with single cell transcriptomic approaches as spatial and contextual information is lost. Nonetheless, quantification of EC heterogeneity and understanding of its molecular drivers is key to developing novel therapeutics for cancer, cardiovascular diseases and for revascularisation in regenerative medicine. Here, we developed an EC profiling tool (ECPT) to examine individual cells within intact monolayers. We used ECPT to characterise different phenotypes in arterial, venous and microvascular EC populations. In line with other studies, we measured heterogeneity in terms of cell cycle, proliferation, and junction organisation. ECPT uncovered a previously under-appreciated single-cell heterogeneity in NOTCH activation. We correlated cell proliferation with different NOTCH activation states at the single cell and population levels. The positional and relational information extracted with our novel approach is key to elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning EC heterogeneity. Summary statement Endothelial cells heterogeneity is key to complex collective functions and cell behaviour. We developed a novel image based endothelial cell profiling tool and quantified heterogeneity in NOTCH signalling in monolayers.
TAK1: a potential therapeutic target for retinal neovascularization

Retinal neovascularization, or pathological angiogenesis in the retina, is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Pathological angiogenesis occurs through the complex activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic pathways. Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) activated by TGF-β1 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). TAK1 is a key mediator of inflammation, innate immune responses, apoptosis and tissue homeostasis and plays an important role in physiological angiogenesis. Its role in pathological angiogenesis, particularly in retinal neovascularization, remains unclear. We investigated the regulatory role of TAK1 in pathological angiogenesis in the retina. Transcriptome analysis of human retina featuring retinal neovascularization revealed enrichment of known TAK1-mediated signaling pathways. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 activation in human endothelial cells induced by TNFα or IL-1 stimulation led to inhibition of phosphorylation of major kinases, including nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Suppression of this signaling, in turn, decreased expression of downstream genes associated with inflammation and angiogenesis, suggesting that TAK1 is required for these pathological processes. Transcriptome analysis of endothelial cells revealed that TAK1 knockout prevented inflammatory and immune responses induced by TNFα stimulation, mainly via cytokine and chemokine activity. Selective inhibition of TAK1 by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol in vitro ameliorated pro-angiogenic activity, including endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. Moreover, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol attenuated aberrant retinal angiogenesis in rats following oxygen-induced retinopathy. Our finding shows that TAK1 plays a key role in pathological angiogenesis in the retina. Selective inhibition of TAK1 prevents pathological angiogenesis, suggesting that TAK1 could be a potential therapeutic target for retinal neovascularization. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Navigating the amino acid sequence space between functional proteins using a deep learning framework

Motivation Shedding light on the relationships between protein sequences and functions is a challenging task with many implications in protein evolution, diseases understanding, and protein design. The protein sequence space mapping to specific functions is however hard to comprehend due to its complexity. Generative models help to decipher complex systems thanks to their abilities to learn and recreate data specificity. Applied to proteins, they can capture the sequence patterns associated with functions and point out important relationships between sequence positions. By learning these dependencies between sequences and functions, they can ultimately be used to generate new sequences and navigate through uncharted area of molecular evolution. Results This study presents an Adversarial Auto-Encoder (AAE) approached, an unsupervised generative model, to generate new protein sequences. AAEs are tested on three protein families known for their multiple functions the sulfatase, the HUP and the TPP families. Clustering results on the encoded sequences from the latent space computed by AAEs display high level of homogeneity regarding the protein sequence functions. The study also reports and analyzes for the first time two sampling strategies based on latent space interpolation and latent space arithmetic to generate intermediate protein sequences sharing sequential properties of original sequences linked to known functional properties issued from different families and functions. Generated sequences by interpolation between latent space data points demonstrate the ability of the AAE to generalize and produce meaningful biological sequences from an evolutionary uncharted area of the biological sequence space. Finally, 3D structure models computed by comparative modelling using generated sequences and templates of different sub-families point out to the ability of the latent space arithmetic to successfully transfer protein sequence properties linked to function between different sub-families. All in all this study confirms the ability of deep learning frameworks to model biological complexity and bring new tools to explore amino acid sequence and functional spaces.
State anxiety alters the neural oscillatory correlates of predictions and prediction errors during reward learning

Anxiety influences how the brain estimates and responds to uncertainty. These behavioural effects have been described within predictive coding and Bayesian inference frameworks, yet the associated neural correlates remain unclear. Recent work suggests that predictions in generative models of perception are represented in alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta oscillations (13–30 Hz). Updates to predictions are driven by prediction errors weighted by precision (inverse variance; pwPE), and are encoded in gamma oscillations (>30 Hz) and associated with suppression of beta activity. We tested whether state anxiety alters the neural oscillatory activity associated with predictions and pwPE during learning. Healthy human participants performed a probabilistic reward-learning task in a volatile environment. In our previous work, we described learning behaviour in this task using a hierarchical Bayesian model, revealing more precise (biased) beliefs about the reward tendency in state anxiety, consistent with reduced learning in this group. The model provided trajectories of predictions and pwPEs for the current study, allowing us to assess their parametric effects on the time-frequency representations of EEG data. Using convolution modelling for oscillatory responses, we found that, relative to a control group, state anxiety increased beta activity in frontal and sensorimotor regions during processing of pwPE, and in fronto-parietal regions during encoding of predictions. No effects of state anxiety on gamma modulation were found. Our findings expand prior evidence on the oscillatory representations of predictions and pwPEs into the reward-learning domain. The results suggest that state anxiety modulates beta-band oscillatory correlates of pwPE and predictions in generative models, providing insights into the neural processes associated with biased belief updating and poorer reward learning.
Electro-optical Kerr effect in the isotropic phase of the two antiferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures

We have experimentally studied for the first time the electro-optical Kerr effect and the pre-transitional behavior in the isotropic phase of two antiferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures, W-232 and W-204D, composed of rod-like ester molecules exhibiting the direct smectic-A to isotropic (SmA-I) phase transition. The Kerr law has been confirmed for the two compounds and the variation of inverse Kerr constant with temperature above the smectic–isotropic transition temperatures were determined. Both the mixtures with very broad antiferroelectric phase around room temperature have similar sequence of the phases (i.e., Cr-SmC*A-SmC*-SmA-I). Although, the pre-transitional behavior is usually complex in the isotropic phase of the chiral smectic liquid crystal compounds, the investigated compounds showed a similar behavior compared to that of nematic–isotropic behavior.
Cellulose membranes grafted with vinyl monomers in homogeneous system

The homogeneous grafting of a hydrophilic monomer onto cellulose derivatives was carried out in an aqueous system at 30, 50, 70, and 90°C during reaction periods of 30–180 min. The graft polymer was isolated by ethanol from the reaction mixture, dried, and weighed. The grafted polymer was characterized by the IR method, as well as the microscopic sample morphology detected by scanning electron microscopy. The water absorption capacities and grafting values of the grafted cellulose derivatives were also determined. The maximum grafting yield was obtained at 30°C. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2629–2638, 2002
Smoking status of family physicians and their attitude on smoking cessation

©Copyright 2021 by Anatolian Journal of Family Medicine Available online at www.anatoljfm. org INTRODUCTION Cigarettes are considered one of the most dangerous products globally. They are considered one of the main preventable causes of diseases, such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and coronary heart disease. [1] Compared to several drugs or traffic accidents or even pandemics, smoking causes death of more individuals. [2]
Effects of processing conditions on the curing of a vinyl ester resin

The effects of temperature, initiator, and accelerator levels on the curing of an epoxy bisphenol-A vinyl ester resin Derakane® 411-45 (formulated with styrene) were investigated by gel-time and exotherm-peak measurements on bulk samples. It was observed that the gel time was reduced as the initiator or accelerator ratio increased. Except at higher contents of the accelerator, a small kinetic plateau was seen in the gel curve and a shift of the maximum exotherm toward high temperatures in the DSC curves. This was explained by the dual role played by the accelerator species. A regression analysis of all gel-time data showed a dependence of 3/2 order in the accelerator and first order in the initiator concentrations. Thus, for this polymerization initiation system, the gel time can be predicted for any initiator and cobalt levels and at any temperature within the ranges studied. The effect of the initiator on the unreacted styrene and vinyl ester was also examined. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1146–1154, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10403
Epipericardial Fat Necrosis: A Concise Review of Literature

Epipericardial fat necrosis (EFN) is an inflammatory process that occurs in the mediastinal fat surrounding the heart. It is a rare cause of acute chest pain and mimics more ominous clinical conditions such as acute coronary syndrome, aortic dissection, and pulmonary embolism. Clinicians are often not familiar with this condition due to its infrequent occurrence, and traditional textbooks of medicine and cardiology have not covered this topic adequately. In the past, EFN had been managed primarily with thoracotomy and surgical excision. This has changed with advances in imaging techniques and their more frequent utilization. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest is essential for the diagnosis of EFN as it allows for the evaluation of the nature and precise location of the lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging helps to differentiate EFN from other mediastinal fatty lesions such as lipomas or liposarcomas. The clinical presentation of acute chest pain along with CT findings of the encapsulated fatty pericardial lesion is adequate for diagnosis. Our review describes the emerging role of imaging in diagnosis and change in management over the last few years.