Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Character Education Based on Local Wisdom for the Bengkulu Serawai Tribe Community

The Serawai tribe community has the ethics of local wisdom in opening new land, among others "Ulu Tulung Buntu, Sepelancar Perahu, Kijang Ngulangi Tai, Macan Merunggu, Sepit Panggang, Bapak Menunggu Anak, Nunggu Sangkup. " The purpose of the study was to explore the character values contained in the local wisdom of the Serawai tribal community in opening new land. The researchers used qualitative descriptive methods. Sampling was carried out purposively with the following criteria: the research subjects/resources/ informants were cultural leaders, traditional leaders, and educators around where the local wisdom is. The researchers mined data through in-depth interviews, triangulation, and document collection of the local culture of the Bengkulu coastal community. Collected data were analyzed inductively/qualitatively. Based on the research on these norms can be concluded that character values were identified, including religious values, tolerance, social care, environmental care, responsibility, communication, peace-loving, hard work, and creativity. Educators can integrate the character values in the content curriculum to execute the learning process of the young generation in order not to be uprooted from its cultural roots.
Analysis of Factors Improving Insights on National Character Education of Elementary School Teachers

Insights on National Character Education are characters that become their identity, personality, mindset, and perspective. This study aims to analyze the factors that increase the insight of national character education in elementary school teachers. This article uses a structured literature review method. This article results from literature research using a structured literature review method. Using primary documents from directory of open access journals indexed journals and writings published in quality books published by national publishers and international publishers. Analysis results show that there are 3 non-cognitive factors that can improve the insight of national character education in elementary school teachers, namely policy socialization, communication, and motivation. There are three indicators to determine the success of the policy socialization factor, namely human resources, learning resources, disposition of policy implementers. There are also three indicators in determining the success of the communication factor, namely Credibility, Capability, Clarity, Sympathy; Enthusiasm. In the motivation factor, there are also four indicators, namely attention, confidence, relevance, and satisfaction. The leaders can give appreciation to teachers who have practiced national character education. The teacher also implements the policies that have been socialized by the principal well.
Shift in soil bacterial communities from K‐ to r‐strategists facilitates adaptation to grassland degradation

Numerous studies have investigated bacterial community structure and bacterial responses to human management at various spatial and temporal scales in grassland ecosystems; however, research on soil bacterial community assembly dynamics in the course of grassland degradation is limited. Here, the authors investigate the response and assembly processes of bacterial communities adopted in two grasslands with different degrees of degradation. Stochastic processes dominated bacterial community assembly in response to grassland degradation. With an increase in degree of grassland degradation, bacterial richness decreased from 3526 to 2930 and from 3573 to 3021 in Grassland 1 (G1) and Grassland 2 (G2), respectively; however, functional gene richness increased from 6760 to 6887 and from 6851 to 7040 in G1 and G2, respectively. The KO gene numbers of each operational taxonomic units were positively correlated with standardized effect size measure of the mean nearest taxon distance (R2 = 0.38 and 0.68 in G1 and G2, respectively), indicating that phylogenetic dispersion in community assembly under grassland degradation increases functional genes. Furthermore, different phyla exhibited distinct response strategies: Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, as r‐strategists, exhibited positive productivity, with increases in diversity, abundance, and niche breadth; other phyla exhibited greater phylogenetic dispersion, and less diversity and niche overlap, highlighting the role of K‐strategists in improving resource‐use efficiency in response to nutrient loss. The transition of communities from K‐ to r‐strategists could help communities adapt to environmental disturbance. The results enhance our understanding of bacterial community assembly and ecology‐associated functions in underground grassland ecosystems, which could facilitate degradation prediction and grassland management.
College-attending emerging adults’ free time perception profiles: Relationships with well-being and identity development

Abstract Leisure is an important developmental context during emerging adulthood because of its inherent freedom, opportunity for challenge, and potential for identity exploration. The nature of leisure is often linked with different developmental pathways surrounding well-being and identity. This quantitative study collected free time perceptions, well-being, and identity measures from college-attending emerging adults (n = 565). Using a clustering approach, participants were grouped based on four free time perceptions measures (awareness, boredom, challenge, distress) and then compared for differences in self-esteem, depression, and identity commitment and exploration. Groupings were named based on unique free time profiles, including mastering, restoring, stagnating, and struggling during free time. Each group had significantly different perceptions of free time awareness and boredom, and groups differed in well-being and identity scores, although not exclusively. Results show the importance of addressing free time perceptions, particularly cognitive (awareness) and affective (boredom) attitudes and inform leisure-based programming and marketing on college campuses.
Before- and After-School Physical Activity: Programs and Best Practices

Abstract Before- and after-school programs can be excellent opportunities for schools to provide supplemental physical activity (PA) and reinforce the knowledge, skills, and dispositions taught in physical education, particularly when some schools may perceive PA during the school day as competing with academic learning time. Before- and after-school PA programs can be offered directly by school staff, or in partnership with community organizations, and can include offerings like intramural sports, mileage clubs, active childcare programs, interscholastic sports, active transport initiatives, and PA clubs. Research findings suggest that before- and after-school programming can contribute meaningfully to children and adolescents’ daily PA accrual and offer additional benefits related to cognitive health and social-emotional wellbeing. Careful attention should be paid by program leaders and staff to the structure of these programs to maximize potential benefits for youth. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief summary of the research conducted to date on before- and after-school PA programs with a specific intention to extend the content reviewed since the last special issue of JOPERD on CSPAP nearly a decade ago (Beighle & Moore, 2012). In this article, we endeavor to translate the literature on before- and after-school PA programming and evidence of its impact into tangible strategies that school stakeholders can use to deliver these programs effectively in schools.
Layer-specific stimulations of parvalbumin-positive cortical interneurons in mice entrain brain rhythms to different frequencies

Neocortical interneurons provide inhibition responsible for organizing neuronal activity into brain oscillations that subserve cognitive functions such as memory, attention or prediction. However, little is known about the interneuronal contribution to the entrainment of neocortical oscillations within and across different cortical layers. Here, using layer-specific optogenetic stimulations with micro-Light-Emitting Diode (µLED) arrays, directed toward parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons in non-anesthetized awake mice, we found that supragranular layer stimulations of PV neurons were most efficient at entraining supragranular local field potential (LFP) oscillations at gamma frequencies (γ: 25 - 80 Hz), whereas infragranular layer stimulation of PV neurons better entrained the LFP at delta (δ: 2 - 5 Hz) and theta (θ: 6 - 10 Hz) frequencies. At the level of neuronal action potential activity, we observed that supragranular neurons better followed the imposed PV stimulation rhythm than their infragranular counterparts at most frequencies when the stimulation was delivered in their respective layer. Moreover, the neuronal entrainment evoked by local stimulation could propagate across layers, though with a lesser impact when the stimulation occurs in deep layers, suggesting an orientation-selective propagation. These results establish a layer-based framework for oscillation to entrain the primary somatosensory cortex in awake conditions.
Characterising replisome disassembly in human cells

To ensure faultless duplication of the entire genome, eukaryotic replication initiates from thousands of replication origins. Replication forks emanating from origins move through the chromatin until they encounter forks from neighbouring origins, at which point they terminate. In the final stages of this process the replication machinery (replisome) is unloaded from chromatin and disassembled. Work from model organisms has elucidated that during replisome unloading, the MCM7 subunit of the terminated replicative helicase is polyubiquitylated and processed by p97/VCP segregase, leading to disassembly of the helicase and the replisome, which is built around it. In higher eukaryotes (worms, frogs, mouse embryonic stem cells), MCM7 ubiquitylation is driven by a Cullin2-based ubiquitin ligase, with LRR1 as a substrate receptor. To date, most of our knowledge of replication termination comes from model organisms and embryonic systems and little is known about how this process is executed and regulated in human somatic cells. Here we thus established methods to study replisome disassembly in human model cell lines. Using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy and chromatin isolation with western blotting, we can visualise unloading of the replisome (MCM7 and CDC45) from chromatin by the end of S-phase. We observe interaction of replicative helicase (CMG complex) with CUL2LRR1 and ubiquitylation of MCM7 on chromatin, specifically in S-phase, suggesting that this is a replication-dependent modification. Importantly, we are able to show that replisome disassembly in this system also requires Cullin2, LRR1 and p97, demonstrating conservation of the mechanism. Moreover, we present evidence that the back-up mitotic replisome disassembly pathway is also recapitulated in human somatic cells. Finally, while we find that treatment with small molecule inhibitors against cullin-based ubiquitin ligases (CULi) and p97 (p97i) does lead to phenotypes of replisome disassembly defects, they also both lead to induction of replication stress in somatic cells, which limits their usefulness as tools to specifically target replisome disassembly processes in this setting.
Automatic detection of spatio-temporal signalling patterns in cell collectives

An increasing experimental evidence points to physiological importance of space-time correlations in signalling of cell collectives. From wound healing to epithelial homeostasis to morphogenesis, coordinated activation of bio-molecules between cells allows the collectives to perform more complex tasks and better tackle environmental challenges. To understand this information exchange and to advance new theories of emergent phenomena, we created ARCOS, a computational method to detect and quantify collective signalling. We demonstrate ARCOS on cell and organism collectives with space-time correlations on different scales in 2D and 3D. We make a new observation that oncogenic mutations in the MAPK/ERK and PIK3CA/Akt pathways of MCF10A epithelial cells induce ERK activity waves with different size, duration, and frequency. The open-source implementations of ARCOS are available as R and Python packages, and as a plugin for napari image viewer to interactively quantify collective phenomena without prior programming experience.
Intracellular pH differentially regulates transcription of metabolic and signaling pathways in normal epithelial cells

Intracellular pH (pHi) dynamics regulate normal cell functions while dysregulated pHi dynamics have been linked to disease. However, the molecular mechanisms linking pHi dynamics and cell biology are poorly understood. Here, we found that just 24 hours of altered pHi can trigger global transcriptional changes in normal human breast epithelial cells, particularly in signaling and metabolic pathways. We identified 176 genes that were differentially expressed with altered pHi, including Notch1 signaling and glycolytic pathway members. We confirmed pH-dependent expression of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase at the protein level and showed this produced a shift toward glycolytic metabolism at high pHi. We also found pH-dependent Notch1 expression and protein abundance, leading to increased downstream Notch1 signaling at high pHi. This work suggests transient pHi dynamics transcriptionally regulate signaling and metabolic pathways, identifies molecular targets driving pH dependent biology, and suggests pathways by which dysregulated pHi may drive disease.
Language Models for Code-switch Detection of te reo Māori and English in a Low-resource Setting

Te reo M¯aori, New Zealand’s only indige- 001 nous language, is code-switched with English. 002 Most M¯aori speakers are bilingual, and the 003 use of M¯aori is increasing in New Zealand 004 English. Unfortunately, due to the minimal 005 availability of resources, including digital data, 006 M¯aori is under-represented in technological ad- 007 vances. Cloud-based systems such as Google 008 and Azure support M ¯ aori language detection. 009 However, we provide experimental evidence 010 to show that the accuracy of such systems is 011 low when detecting M ¯ aori. Hence, with the 012 support of M ¯ aori community, we collect M ¯ aori 013 and bilingual data to use natural language pro- 014 cessing (NLP) to improve M ¯ aori language de- 015 tection. We train bilingual sub-word embed- 016 dings and provide evidence to show that our 017 bilingual embeddings improve overall accuracy 018 compared to the publicly-available monolin- 019 gual embeddings. This improvement has been 020 verified for various NLP tasks using three bilin- 021 gual databases containing formal transcripts 022 and informal social media data. We also show 023 that BiLSTM with bilingual sub-word embed- 024 dings outperforms large-scale contextual lan- 025 guage models such as BERT on down stream- 026 ing tasks of detecting M ¯ aori language. The 027 best accuracy of 87% was obtained using BiL- 028 STM with bilingual embeddings for detecting 029 code-switch points of bilingual sentences.
DNA methylation and proteomics integration uncover dose-dependent group and individual responses to exercise in human skeletal muscle

Objective Exercise is a major regulator of muscle metabolism, and health benefits acquired by exercise are a result of molecular shifts occurring across multiple OMIC levels (i.e. epigenome, transcriptome, proteome). Identifying robust targets associated with exercise response, at both group and individual levels, is therefore important to develop health guidelines and targeted health interventions. Methods Twenty, apparently healthy, moderately trained (VO2 max= 51.0±10.6 mL·min−1·kg−1) males (age range= 18-45yrs) from the Gene SMART (Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Responses to Training) study completed a 12-week High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) intervention. Muscle biopsies were collected at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of HIIT. High throughput DNA methylation (∼850 CpG sites), and proteomic (∼3000 proteins) analyses were conducted at all-time points. Mixed-models were applied to estimate group and individual changes, and methylome and proteome integration was conducted using a holistic multilevel approach with the mixOmics package. Results Significant shifts in the methylome (residual analysis) and proteome profiles were observed after 12 weeks of HIIT. 461 proteins significantly changed over time (at 4, 8, and 12 weeks), whilst only one differentially methylated position (DMP) was changed (adj.p-value <0.05). K-means analysis revealed clear protein clustering exhibiting similar changes over time. Individual responses to training were observed in 101 proteins. Seven proteins had a large effect-sizes >0.5, among them are two novel exercise-related proteins, LYRM7 and EPN1. Integration analysis uncovered bidirectional relationships between the methylome and proteome. Conclusions We showed a significant influence of HIIT on the epigenome and proteome in human muscle, and uncovered groups of proteins clustering according to similar patterns across the exercise intervention. Individual responses to exercise were observed in the proteome with novel mitochondrial and metabolic proteins consistently changed across individuals. Future work is required to elucidate the role of such proteins in response to exercise as well as to investigate the mechanisms associating genes and proteins in response to exercise.
Rapid Human Oogonia-like Cell Specification via Combinatorial Transcription Factor-Directed Differentiation

The generation of germline cell types from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represents a key milestone toward in vitro gametogenesis, which has the potential to transform reproductive modeling and medicine. Methods to recapitulate advanced germline cell specification in vitro have relied on extensive, long term culture methods, the most notable of which is a four-month culture protocol employing xenogeneic reconstituted ovaries with mouse embryonic ovarian somatic cells. Recently, transcription factor (TF)-based methods have demonstrated the feasibility of exogenous factor expression to directly differentiate hiPSCs into cell types of interest, including various ovarian cell types. The protocols leveraged in these studies, however, utilize more local methods of factor selection, such as basic differential gene expression analysis, and lower-throughput screening strategies via iterative testing of a small set of TFs. In this work, we integrate our recently-described graph theory pipeline and highly-parallelized screening protocols to globally identify and screen 46 oogenesis-regulating TFs for their role in human germline formation. We identify ZNF281, LHX8, SOHLH1, ZGLP1, and ANHX whose combinatorial overexpression drives DDX4+ induced oogonia-like cell (iOLC) formation from hiPSCs. In contrast to previous methods, our protocol employs a simple four-day, feeder-free monolayer culture condition. We additionally demonstrate a method of post-isolation, feeder-free expansion of DDX4+ iOLCs that shows retained cell identity in vitro. We additionally identify DLX5, HHEX, and FIGLA whose individual overexpression enhances hPGCLC formation from hiPSCs. We characterize these TF-based iOLCs and hPGCLCs via gene and protein expression analyses and demonstrate their broad similarity to in vivo and in vitro-derived oogonia and primordial germ cells. Together, these results identify new regulatory factors that enhance in vitro human germ cell specification and further establish unique computational and experimental tools for human in vitro oogenesis research.
Trans-interaction of risk loci 6p24.1 and 10q11.21 is associated with endothelial damage in coronary artery disease

Background and Aims Single nucleotide polymorphism rs6903956 has been identified as one of the genetic risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, rs6903956 lies in a non-coding locus on chromosome 6p24.1. We aim to interrogate the molecular basis of 6p24.1 containing rs6903956 risk alleles in endothelial disease biology. Methods and Results We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from CAD patients (AA risk genotype at rs6903956) and normal controls (GG non-risk genotype at rs6903956). CRIPSR-Cas9-based deletions (Δ63-89bp) on 6p24.1, including both rs6903956 and a short tandem repeat variant rs140361069 in linkage disequilibrium, were performed to generate isogenic iPSC-derived endothelial cells. Edited CAD endothelial cells, with removal of ‘A’ risk alleles, exhibited a global transcriptional downregulation of pathways relating to abnormal vascular physiology and activated endothelial processes. A CXC chemokine ligand on chromosome 10q11.21, CXCL12, was uncovered as a potential effector gene in CAD endothelial cells. Underlying this effect was the preferential inter-chromosomal interaction of 6p24.1 risk locus to a weak promoter of CXCL12, confirmed by chromatin conformation capture assays on our iPSC-derived endothelial cells. Functionally, risk genotypes AA/ AG at rs6903956 were associated significantly with elevated levels of circulating damaged endothelial cells in CAD patients. Circulating endothelial cells isolated from patients with risk genotypes AA/ AG were also found to have 10 folds higher CXCL12 transcript copies/ cell than those with non-risk genotype GG. Conclusion Our study reveals the trans-acting impact of 6p24.1 with another CAD locus on 10q11.21 and is associated with intensified endothelial injury.
System identification reveals multiple interacting states in visuomotor adaptation

Many characteristics of sensorimotor adaptation are well predicted by the Kalman filter, a relatively simple learning algorithm for the optimal estimation of dynamic variables given noisy measurements. Yet not all Kalman filter predictions are confirmed empirically, suggesting that the model might not be sufficient to describe the observed behavior. In our study, we propose that sensorimotor adaptation can be modeled with multiple interacting states, each one described as a Kalman filter, to better reflect the architecture plant of the physical system implementing the behavior (i.e., the different motor and sensory components involved in adaptation). To test our hypothesis, we measured motor error in a series of rapid reaching tasks in which we introduced different conditions of feedback uncertainty and systematic perturbations. We then applied system identification procedures to the resulting adaptation response to test which system architecture would best fit the data. We considered three possible architectures: one with a single Kalman filter, with two filters in series, or two filters in parallel. We found that this latter structure consistently provided a significantly better fit than the others. When evaluating the identified system parameters, we found that the learning rates of both states decreased under higher uncertainty, while the weight assigned to the slower state increased. Moreover, the dual-state parallel system accounted for the presence of a constant residual bias in the adaptation to a step offset, which has been repeatedly reported but is in disaccord with the predictions of the single Kalman filter. We propose that the identified system architecture reflects how the error is assigned to different components of the physical plant responsible for adaptation: namely, as uncertainty increases, the controller assigns a larger contribution in error reduction to the slower state, which is more likely to have been responsible for the measured error.