Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of moderate and vigorous walking exercise on reducing depression in middle-aged and older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT The optimal intensity of physical activity for alleviating depression in middle-aged and older adults remains unclear. The World Health Organization (WHO) physical activity guidelines recommend adults and older adults to accumulate at least 150–300 minutes of moderate or 75–150 minutes of vigorous aerobic-type physical activity weekly or an equivalent combination of both for health benefits including reduced risk of depression. This parallel, assessor-blinded, pilot randomized controlled trial preliminarily compared the effectiveness of the minimal volume of aerobic-type physical activity at different intensities as recommended by WHO (150 minutes of moderate walking exercise and 75 minutes of vigorous walking exercise weekly) on alleviating depression in middle-aged and older adults. Thirty-five participants were randomized to the control group (CON), moderate walking exercise group (MOD), or vigorous walking exercise group (VIG). The exercise frequency was three times a week and the intervention duration was 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the severity of depression assessed by Beck Depression Inventory. Secondary outcomes included severity of anxiety, sleep quality, quality of life, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Thirty participants completed the study (CON: n = 10, MOD: n = 10, VIG: n = 10). Participants in both MOD and VIG had significantly decreased depression severity after the intervention compared to CON (both p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between MOD and VIG (p = 0.92). Both MOD and VIG interventions also mitigated anxiety severity, improved quality of life and cardiorespiratory fitness. The minimum volume of walking exercise at either moderate or vigorous intensity was found to alleviate depression in middle-aged and older adults. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04403373. Highlights The 12-week 150-minute moderate walking exercise and 75-minute vigorous walking exercise (the minimal weekly volumes of aerobic-type physical activity recommended by WHO guidelines) similarly reduced the severity of depression in middle-aged and older adults. The 12-week walking exercise interventions significantly reduced anxiety severity concomitant with improved quality of life and cardiorespiratory fitness in middle-aged and older adults with depression.
Why are most colorectal cancers diagnosed outside of screening? A retrospective analysis of data from the English bowel screening programme

Objective Despite several interventions to increase participation in England, most colorectal cancers (CRCs) are diagnosed outside of the screening programme. The aims of this study were to better understand why most CRCs are diagnosed externally, the extent to which this is due to suboptimal uptake of screening, and the extent to which it is due to other factors, such as false-negative test results. Setting / Methods We performed a clinical audit of 1011 patients diagnosed with CRC at St Mark's Hospital (Harrow, UK) between January 2017 and December 2020. Data on the diagnostic pathway and screening history of individuals were extracted from the bowel cancer screening system and assessed using descriptive statistics. Results 446/1011 (44.1%) patients diagnosed with CRC were eligible for screening at the time of diagnosis. Of these, only 115/446 (25.8%) were diagnosed through screening. Among those diagnosed via non-screening pathways, 210/331 (63.4%) had never taken part in screening, 31/331 (9.4%) had taken part but were not up to date, and 89/331 (26.9%) had taken part and were up-to-date (of these, 82/89 [92.2%] had received a normal or weak positive test result, and 5/89 [5.6%] had received a positive result and declined colonoscopy). Conclusion Nearly two-thirds of screening eligible patients diagnosed through a non-screening pathway had never taken part in screening. This represents the single largest source of inefficiency within the screening programme, followed by missed findings and inconsistent participation. Given the improved outcomes associated with screen-detected cancers, there is a strong public health mandate to encourage participation.
Carcinoecium-Forming Sea Anemone Stylobates calcifer sp. nov. (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Actiniidae) from the Japanese Deep-Sea Floor: A Taxonomical Description with Its Ecological Observations

Here we describe Stylobates calcifer sp. nov. (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Actiniidae), a new carcinoecium-forming sea anemone from the deep-sea floor of Japan. Stylobates produces a carcinoecium that thinly covers the snail shells inhabited by host hermit crabs Pagurodofleinia doederleini. The new species is distinct from other species by the shape of the marginal sphincter muscle, the distribution of cnidae, the direction of the oral disk, and host association. The species’ novelty is supported by the data of its mitochondrial genes 12S, 16S, and COIII and nuclear genes 18S and 28S. Also, we conducted behavioral observation of this new species, focusing on the feeding behavior and interaction with the specific host hermit crab. Our observations suggest that this sea anemone potentially feeds on the suspended particulate organic matter from the water column or the food residuals of hermit crabs. When the host’s shell changed, intensive manipulation for transference of S. calcifer sp. nov. was recorded. However, although the hermit crab detached and transferred the sea anemone to the new shell after shell change, the sea anemone did not exhibit active or cooperative participation. Our data suggest that the sea anemone may not produce a carcinoecium synchronously to its host’s growth, contrary to the anecdotal assumption about carcinoecium-forming sea anemones. Conversely, the host hermit crab’s growth may not depend entirely on the carcinoecium produced by the sea anemone. This study is perhaps the first observation of the behavioral interaction of the rarely studied carcinoecium-forming mutualism in the deep sea.
Improved Radial Force Modeling and Rotor Suspension Dynamics Simulation Studies for Double-winding Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor

Abstract The rotor radial force is changed by adjusting the windings current value to control rotor suspension for various kinds of bearingless switched reluctance motor (BSRM). To accomplish the BSRM's suspension control, the radial force analytical model is necessary. Currently the mathematic relationship among radial force, winding currents, and rotor rotation angle has been built for double-winding BSRM, but the rotor eccentricity displacement has not been considered. That is, the existing radial force analytical model only can be used to analyze rotor radial force when rotor shaft is located in the central position. Actually, the rotor radial force is significantly affected by the rotor shaft eccentricity displacement. It is difficult for the bearingless motor to keep the rotor shaft staying in the central position, and the rotor shaft always runs around the central position with an eccentricity displacement. The rotor eccentricity caused by the radial force is considered in the paper to obtain the air-gap permeance and the windings inductances. Furthermore, the radial forces analytical model considering the rotor eccentricity displacement is derived. Finally, the finite-element method (FEM)-based results are applied and the dynamics simulation using the proposed model is accomplished to verify the correctness of the model.
Super‐selective intra‐arterial dissolution therapy for lingual artery occlusion resulting due to the use of hyaluronic acid for chin augmentation: The first reported case

As a consequence of the current trend of performing minimally invasive surgery, the use of injectable fillers has progressively increased in aesthetic surgery. Vascular complications resulting due to the filling of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the chin have been previously reported. However, clinical evidence regarding the results of treatment of lingual artery occlusion with super‐selective intra‐arterial dissolution is lacking. Herein, we reported a case of lingual artery occlusion resulting due to HA filling for which tongue arteriography and catheter‐directed dissolution were implemented via femoral artery intubation for the first time in the literature. The aim of this paper was to discuss the rare complications arising due to chin augmentation and their treatment to provide a deeper understanding of the use and side effects of HA in this procedure.
Favipiravir-based treatment for outcomes of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACT Background This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of favipiravir for patients with mild-to-critical COVID-19. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for RCTs published before 30 October 2021. Only RCTs that compared the clinical efficacy and safety of favipiravir -based antiviral regimens (study group) with other alternative treatments or placebos (control group) in patients with COVID-19 were included. Results Overall, the clinical improvement rate was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group at the assessment conducted after 14 days (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.12–2.98). The rate of virological eradication was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group at the assessment conducted after 28 days (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.15–3.78). No significant difference was observed in the rates of invasive mechanical ventilation requirement or ICU admission, mortality, or risk of an adverse event between the study and control groups. Conclusions Except the clinical improvement rate within 14 days and the virological eradication rate within 28 days, favipiravir-based treatment did not provide significantly additional benefit for patients with COVID-19. Therefore, more evidence is necessary.
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in domestic pet cats in Australia and New Zealand: Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention and management

Despite the passage of over 30 years since its discovery, the importance of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) on the health and longevity of infected domestic cats is hotly debated amongst feline experts. Notwithstanding the absence of good quality information, Australian and New Zealand (NZ) veterinarians should aim to minimise the exposure of cats to FIV. The most reliable way to achieve this goal is to recommend that all pet cats are kept exclusively indoors, or with secure outdoor access (e.g., cat enclosures, secure gardens), with FIV testing of any in‐contact cats. All animal holding facilities should aim to individually house adult cats to limit the spread of FIV infection in groups of animals that are stressed and do not have established social hierarchies. Point‐of‐care (PoC) FIV antibody tests are available in Australia and NZ that can distinguish FIV‐infected and uninfected FIV‐vaccinated cats (Witness™ and Anigen Rapid™). Although testing of whole blood, serum or plasma remains the gold standard for FIV diagnosis, PoC testing using saliva may offer a welfare‐friendly alternative in the future. PCR testing to detect FIV infection is not recommended as a screening procedure since a negative PCR result does not rule out FIV infection and is only recommended in specific scenarios. Australia and NZ are two of three countries where a dual subtype FIV vaccine (Fel‐O‐Vax® FIV) is available and offers a further avenue for disease prevention. Since FIV vaccination only has a reported field effectiveness of 56% in Australia, and possibly lower in NZ, FIV‐vaccinated cats should undergo annual FIV testing prior to annual FIV re‐vaccination using a suitable PoC kit to check infection has not occurred in the preceding year. With FIV‐infected cats, clinicians should strive to be even more thorough than usual at detecting early signs of disease. The most effective way to enhance the quality of life and life expectancy of FIV‐infected cats is to optimise basic husbandry and to treat any concurrent conditions early in the disease course. Currently, no available drugs are registered for the treatment of FIV infection. Critically, the euthanasia of healthy FIV‐infected cats, and sick FIV‐infected cats without appropriate clinical investigations, should not occur.
Youth voices from an informal settlement of Nairobi, Kenya: Engaging adolescent perspectives on violence to inform prevention

ABSTRACT We examined the experiences of violence and self-reported behavioural and community changes as a result of participation in a sexual assault prevention intervention in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. We conducted longitudinal qualitative in-depth interviews with 20 adolescent girls and 11 adolescent boys at baseline, 12, and 24 months. Analysis was thematic with two investigators coding and reaching consensus about the themes. Participants’ ages ranged from 10 to 13 at baseline; girls’ mean age was 11.9, boys’ mean age was 11.6. Participants reported experiencing high levels of violence at all stages of the study. Most reported feeling more empowered to protect themselves and others from sexual assault because of the intervention. While participants had mixed responses about change in sexual assault incidence, most perceived an improvement in inter-gender relationships after the intervention. Participants at midline and endline cited acquaintances and friends as potential perpetrators of sexual violence more often than at baseline and were more open to reporting violent incidents. The very young adolescents in this setting perceived that this sexual assault prevention intervention led to improvements in gender relations, adolescent girls’ empowerment and, recognition of harmful rape myths. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02771132.
Dramatic response to local radiotherapy in a refractory metastatic mediastinal yolk sac tumor patient harboring a germline BRCA2 frameshift mutation: a case report

ABSTRACT Mediastinal yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are highly aggressive germ cell tumors with an extremely poor prognosis. Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of mediastinal YSTs. To maximize benefit from radiotherapy in patients with mediastinal YSTs, exploring functionally relevant biomarkers is essential. Previous studies have demonstrated that mutations in DNA-damage repair (DDR) genes, including BRCA1/2, potentially enhance sensitivity to radiotherapy in solid tumors. However, DDR-gene mutations, as possible predictive biomarkers for radiotherapy in primary mediastinal YSTs, have not yet been reported. Herein, we report a 29-year-old male patient with a refractory metastatic primary YST involving a germline frameshift mutation in the BRCA2 gene (NM_000059.3: exon11: c.4563_4564delAT: L1522fs). During treatment alternation, the patient was found to respond poorly to chemotherapy with or without an immune checkpoint inhibitor but well to radiotherapy. Finally, the patient achieved approximately 17 months of overall survival. To the best of our knowledge, this case report is the first to describe a remarkable response to local radiotherapy in a patient with a refractory metastatic mediastinal YST involving a DDR-gene mutation (germline BRCA2 frameshift variation). This case report provides insightful clues for precision radiotherapy in clinical practice.
Articular geometry can affect joint kinematics, contact mechanics, and implant‐bone micromotion in total ankle arthroplasty

Implant loosening and bearing surface wear remain the most common failure problems of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). One of the main factors leading to these problems is the nonphysiologic design of articular surfaces. The goals of this study were to reveal the effects of the anatomical medial‐lateral borders height differences, coronal and sagittal radii on the joint kinematics, contact mechanics, and implant‐bone micromotion in TAA. A previously developed and validated musculoskeletal (MSK) multibody dynamics (MBD) modeling method of TAA based on AnyBody generic MSK MBD model (five simulations for each implant) was used by combining with a finite element analysis. Five ankle implant models with different articular surface morphologies were created according to the anatomic characteristics of Chinese measurement data, marked as Implant A to E. The total ankle forces and motions during walking simulation were predicted by MSK MBD models and the contact mechanics of the bearing surface and the micromotion of the implant‐bone interface of TAA were predicted by FE models. Compared with Implant A, the internal‐external rotation in Implant E increased by 12.14%, the maximum of anterior‐posterior translation in Implant E increased by 5.62%, the maximum reduction of tibial micromotion in Implant E was 59.98%, and for talar, micromotion was 15.36%. The ankle implant with similar anatomic articular surface has the potential to allow patients to recover better motions and reduce the risk of early loosening. This study would provide design guidance for the development of new ankle implants and further advance the development of TAA. Clinical Significance: This study promoted the improvement of ankle implant design and made contributions to improve the service life of ankle implant and patient satisfaction.
Population Genetics and Signatures of Selection in Early Neolithic European Farmers

Abstract Human expansion in the course of the Neolithic transition in western Eurasia has been one of the major topics in ancient DNA research in the last 10 years. Multiple studies have shown that the spread of agriculture and animal husbandry from the Near East across Europe was accompanied by large-scale human expansions. Moreover, changes in subsistence and migration associated with the Neolithic transition have been hypothesized to involve genetic adaptation. Here, we present high quality genome-wide data from the Linear Pottery Culture site Derenburg-Meerenstieg II (DER) (N = 32 individuals) in Central Germany. Population genetic analyses show that the DER individuals carried predominantly Anatolian Neolithic-like ancestry and a very limited degree of local hunter-gatherer admixture, similar to other early European farmers. Increasing the Linear Pottery culture cohort size to ∼100 individuals allowed us to perform various frequency- and haplotype-based analyses to investigate signatures of selection associated with changes following the adoption of the Neolithic lifestyle. In addition, we developed a new method called Admixture-informed Maximum-likelihood Estimation for Selection Scans that allowed us test for selection signatures in an admixture-aware fashion. Focusing on the intersection of results from these selection scans, we identified various loci associated with immune function (JAK1, HLA-DQB1) and metabolism (LMF1, LEPR, SORBS1), as well as skin color (SLC24A5, CD82) and folate synthesis (MTHFR, NBPF3). Our findings shed light on the evolutionary pressures, such as infectious disease and changing diet, that were faced by the early farmers of Western Eurasia.
Can We Treat Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies by Enhancing Protein Degradation?

Neurodegenerative proteinopathies are defined as a class of neurodegenerative disorders, with either genetic or sporadic age‐related onset, characterized by the pathological accumulation of aggregated protein deposits. These mainly include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD) as well as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The deposition of abnormal protein aggregates in the brain of patients affected by these disorders is thought to play a causative role in neuronal loss and disease progression. On that account, the idea of improving the clearance of pathological protein aggregates has taken hold as a potential therapeutic strategy. Among the possible approaches to pursue for reducing disease protein accumulation, there is the stimulation of the main protein degradation machineries of eukaryotic cells: the ubiquitin proteasomal system (UPS) and autophagy lysosomal pathway (ALP). Of note, several clinical trials testing the efficacy of either UPS‐ or ALP‐active compounds are currently ongoing. Here, we discuss the main gaps and controversies emerging from experimental studies and clinical trials assessing the therapeutic efficacy of modulators of either the UPS or ALP in neurodegenerative proteinopathies, to gather whether they may constitute a real gateway from these disorders. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Neddylation inactivation affects cell cycle and apoptosis in sheep follicular granulosa cells

Protein neddylation inactivation is a novel topic in cancer research. However, there are few studies on the mechanism of neddylation underlying the development of sheep follicular granulosa cells (GCs). In this study, the development of follicular GCs in sheep was inactivated by MLN4924, a neddylation‐specific inhibitor, which significantly attenuated the proliferation and cell index of sheep follicular GCs. Further, the inactivation of neddylation by MLN4924 caused the accumulation of the cullin ring ligase (CRLs) substrates Wee1 and c‐Myc, which could upregulate NOXA protein expression. Meanwhile, the B‐cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (BCL2) family members Bcl‐2 and MCL‐1 were downregulated, subsequently inducing apoptosis in follicular GCs of sheep. Increasing Wee1 levels caused G2/M‐phase arrest. The effects of neddylation inactivation on Akt, the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, and Forkhead box class O(FOXO) family members were evaluated. Neddylation inactivation by MLN4924 increased the levels of phospho‐Akt, JAK2, phospho‐STAT3, and FOXO1 (p < 0.05) and decreased the levels of phospho‐FOXO3a and STAT3 (p < 0.05). In addition, MLN4924 could alter the mitochondrial morphology of GCs, increase cellular glucose utilization and lactate production, increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and promote sheep follicular GCs glycolysis, thus causing changes in mitochondrial functions. Together, these findings point to an unrecognized role of neddylation in regulating follicular GCs proliferation in sheep.
Risk factors for reoperation after flexor tendon repair: a registry study

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for reoperations after Zones 1 and 2 flexor tendon repairs. A multiple logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors from data collected via the Swedish national health care registry for hand surgery (HAKIR). The studied potential risk factors were age and gender, socio-economics and surgical techniques. Included were 1372 patients with injuries to 1585 fingers and follow-up of at least 12 months (median 37 IQR 27–56). Tendon ruptures occurred in 80 fingers and tenolysis was required in 76 fingers. Variables that affected the risk of rupture were age >25 years (p < 0.001), flexor pollicis longus tendon injuries (p < 0.001) and being male (p = 0.004). Injury to both finger flexors had an effect on both rupture (p = 0.005) and tenolysis (p < 0.001). Understanding the risk factors may provide important guidance both to surgeons and therapists when treating patients with flexor tendon injuries. Level of evidence: III.