Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cost-Benefit Analysis to Assess the Effectiveness of an External Airbag and Autonomous Emergency Braking System

One of the recent developments in safety systems is an external airbag installed on the front bumper of a vehicle and autonomous emergency braking system. In this paper, we propose a framework for a cost-benefit analysis of the external airbag and autonomous emergency braking system in order to validate its commercialization. Road traffic crash data obtained from the National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System (NASS/CDS) was used, and three different crash types related to frontal damage in vehicles were extracted to estimate the safety performance of an external airbag. An ordinal logistic regression model was applied to estimate the safety performance in terms of the reduced maximum abbreviated injury scale (MAIS) based on a reduction in the total delta-v following the installation of an external airbag. Given the estimated safety performance of the external airbag, a cost-benefit analysis is conducted. According to the results, the external airbag system saves 46% of occupants with MAIS 3+ injuries and prevents 40% of fatalities. Moreover, the benefit/cost ratios of the external airbag system range from 0.496 to 0.509 depending on the scenario. Lastly, sensitivity analyses were performed with important parameters, including the initial and maximum market penetration ratio and the price of the system. This study aims to evaluate the technology of safety devices by analyzing the effectiveness of a new safety device using real-world vehicle accident data. We also statistically estimated its effectiveness and analyzed its societal value. We expect that our comprehensive findings will be helpful in evaluating the effectiveness of safety devices.
The Indirect Effect of Depression between Nightmares and Well-Being in Lebanese Patients with Schizophrenia

Background. Because nightmares seem to be associated with depression in schizophrenia, detecting them early in therapeutic practice might be critical to ensuring effective avoidance of the development of depressive symptomatology. This helps promote well-being and improve the patient’s quality of life and illness prognosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the indirect effect of depression between nightmares and well-being in a Lebanese sample of patients with schizophrenia. Method. This monocentric cross-sectional study, conducted in July 2022, enrolled patients with chronic schizophrenia admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross. Data were collected from a total of 148 participants through face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire included a nightmares measure, PSYRATS, Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia, PTSD checklist for DSM-5, the digit span subset, and WHO-5Well-Being Index. Results. The presence of nightmares was significantly associated with more depression, whereas higher depression was significantly associated with lower well-being. It is noteworthy that the presence of nightmares was not directly associated with well-being. Conclusion. Nightmares lead indirectly to lower well-being in schizophrenia patients, with depression serving as a mediating factor in this association. This suggests that interventions aiming at improving dream content may also have a beneficial effect in reducing depression in schizophrenia leading therefore to better well-being of the patients.
Unusual presentation of Rasmussen syndrome affecting both hemispheres at different times

Rasmussen syndrome (RS), previously known as Rasmussen encephalitis, is newly defined as etiology-specific epilepsy syndrome by the International League Against Epilepsy Task Force Team (1). It is an uncommon neurological disease characterized by focal seizures with progressive hemiparesis and cognitive impairment (2,3). Most RS cases are reported in childhood, around age six, but adult onset cases have been increasingly reported. Brain biopsies in RS patients have proven multifocal cortical inflammation, neuronal loss, and gliosis in one hemisphere (2). Although the cause of RS is unknown, it is categorized as an etiologyspecific epilepsy syndrome because of the pathology obtained from the electroencephalography (EEG) or clinical features (1). Criteria to diagnose RS include the focal seizure or focal motor status epilepticus and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion of hyperintense signal change in the white matter or cortex (2). The clinical disease course is divided into three stages: prodromal, acute, and residual. In the prodromal stage, mild hemiparesis or infrequent seizures might occur, followed by the acute stage with remarkable frequent focal seizures (2). As the disease proceeds chronically, the residual stage with a severe neurological deficit, cognitive decline, motor weakness, and epilepsy can be presented. In this case, we report an unusual presentation of RS involving one hemisphere followed by the other hemisphere.
Automatic Detection of Moths (Lepidoptera) with a Funnel Trap Prototype

Simple Summary Modern pest control is based on correct timing protection and the avoidance of unnecessary insecticide use. Therefore, we must know the exact time of pest gradation and activity. Using automatic insect traps allows insect activity detection without considerable human intervention. The proper use of automatic catching, counting, and data forwarding in the field has not been fully resolved yet. This study presents a modified trap prototype used for automatically catching and counting flying insects, mostly pest moths, in the field. Here, we present the modifications to the construction of our trap design. During the pilot field tests, the new probe prototypes provided real-time, time-series data sets for each of the six pest moth species monitored. Environmental noise was reduced and filtered out. Detected data were forwarded to a web interface where end-users could further process or download the data. With this new device, moths’ daily and seasonal flight patterns could be followed and described. This knowledge may provide an opportunity for more precise forecasts of population outbreaks. Abstract Monitoring insect populations is essential to optimise pest control with the correct protection timing and the avoidance of unnecessary insecticide use. Modern real-time monitoring practices use automatic insect traps, which are expected to be able to estimate the population sizes of pest animals with high species specificity. There are many solutions to overcome this challenge; however, there are only a few data that consider their accuracy under field conditions. This study presents an opto-electronic device prototype (ZooLog VARL) developed by us. A pilot field study evaluated the precision and accuracy of the data filtering using an artificial neural network(ANN) and the detection accuracy of the new probes. The prototype comprises a funnel trap, sensor-ring, and data communication system. The main modification of the trap was a blow-off device that prevented the escape of flying insects from the funnel. These new prototypes were tested in the field during the summer and autumn of 2018, detecting the daily and monthly flight of six moth species (Agrotis segetum, Autographa gamma, Helicoverpa armigera, Cameraria ohridella, Grapholita funebrana, Grapholita molesta). The accuracy of ANN was always higher than 60%. In the case of species with larger body sizes, it reached 90%. The detection accuracy ranged from 84% to 92% on average. These probes detected the real-time catches of the moth species. Therefore, weekly and daily patterns of moth flight activity periods could be compared and displayed for the different species. This device solved the problem of multiple counting and gained a high detection accuracy in target species cases. ZooLog VARL probes provide the real-time, time-series data sets of each monitored pest species. Further evaluation of the catching efficiency of the probes is needed. However, the prototype allows us to follow and model pest dynamics and may make more precise forecasts of population outbreaks.
Without journalists, there is no journalism: the social dimension of generative artificial intelligence in the media

The implementation of artificial intelligence techniques and tools in the media will systematically and continuously alter their work and that of their professionals during the coming decades. To this end, this article carries out a systematic review of the research conducted on the implementation of AI in the media over the last two decades, particularly empirical research, to identify the main social and epistemological challenges posed by its adoption. For the media, increased dependence on technological platforms and the defense of their editorial independence will be the main challenges. Journalists, in turn, are torn between the perceived threat to their jobs and the loss of their symbolic capital as intermediaries between reality and audiences, and a liberation from routine tasks that subsequently allows them to produce higher quality content. Meanwhile, audiences do not seem to perceive a great difference in the quality and credibility of automated texts, although the ease with which texts are read still favors human authorship. In short, beyond technocentric or deterministic approaches, the use of AI in a specifically human field such as journalism requires a social approach in which the appropriation of innovations by audiences and the impact it has on them is one of the keys to its development. Therefore, the study of AI in the media should focus on analyzing how it can affect individuals and journalists, how it can be used for the proper purposes of the profession and social good, and how to close the gaps that its use can cause.
Do Wine Flaws Really Matter to Wine Consumers’ Intention to Purchase Wine—An Online Study

Purpose: Exploring antecedents of flawed wine purchase intention, this study attempts to assess consumer acceptance leading to the purchase or consumption of a flawed wine product as well as build a profile of flawed wine consumers. Design/Methodology/Approach: A survey, from Amazon Mechanical Turk (Mturk) with 260 valid survey responses collected. ANOVA with post hoc testing was used to analyze the data. Findings: Results reflect that attitude, subjective knowledge, perceived behavioral control, perceived risk, and sensory appeal all significantly influence intent to purchase a flawed wine product. Additionally, environmental attitude significantly influences their intent to purchase wines with flaws and their attitude toward flawed wine. Originality: To date, no research has explored consumer acceptance of flawed wines. This study attempted to fill a gap in the literature and add to the overall body of knowledge regarding flawed wines and consumer understanding/acceptance of flawed wines, as well as generating a profile of potential flawed wine consumers. Research Limitations/Implications: Consumer panel data is not as rich as an experimental study design; however, this work starts an academic conversation on flawed wine and provides a foundation for future research. Practical Implications: The results of this study offer practical opportunities, from educating consumers toward a richer understanding of wine flaws; promotional opportunities for wine producers with a product to be disposed of, enhancing revenue generation; and how sensory appeal and environmental concern are beneficial to furthering the understanding and predictability of consumer intentions to purchase flawed wines.
Urban Surface Thermal Runoff Generation Mechanism and Scenario Simulation

When precipitation happens in summer, the thermal runoff from impervious surfaces flow into urban lakes, causing the rise of the surface water temperature. Such a process eventually leads to the short‐term effects of cyanobacteria blooms in eutrophic lakes and the long‐term effects of changes in the structure and quantity of lake species. It is of great scientific significance to understand the heat exchange process between surface air, underlying surface, and surface runoff and reveal the thermal runoff formation mechanism. In this study, the heat transfer models between land, surface‐air, and surface‐water were implemented, aiming to quantify the heating process of surface runoff caused by surface heat load under real conditions. The results show that the two established models can accurately simulate the heat exchange process. Based on our model simulations and field measurements, we analyzed the impact of weather conditions, hydrological conditions, and underlying surface types on runoff temperature. The study finds that the initial surface temperature, wind speed, rainfall intensity, thermal conductivity, and the underlying surface's water permeability can explain 95.4% and 91.9% of the observed differences in surface runoff heating and temperature increase rate, respectively. The initial surface temperature is the most critical factor in the heat exchange process. The reduction of urban ventilation will aggravate the heat effect of surface runoff. Compared with the underlying permeable surface, the impervious surface is the main driving force for the formation of surface thermal runoff pollution.
Changes in K+ Concentration as a Signaling Mechanism in the Apicomplexa Parasites Plasmodium and Toxoplasma

During their life cycle, apicomplexan parasites pass through different microenvironments and encounter a range of ion concentrations. The discovery that the GPCR-like SR25 in Plasmodium falciparum is activated by a shift in potassium concentration indicates that the parasite can take advantage of its development by sensing different ionic concentrations in the external milieu. This pathway involves the activation of phospholipase C and an increase in cytosolic calcium. In the present report, we summarize the information available in the literature regarding the role of potassium ions during parasite development. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms that allow the parasite to cope with ionic potassium changes contributes to our knowledge about the cell cycle of Plasmodium spp.
Climatology of Polar Mesocyclones over the Sea of Japan Using a New Objective Tracking Method

AbstractPolar mesocyclones (PMCs) are mesoscale cyclonic vortices that develop poleward of the main polar front. This article reports on a new algorithm for the objective tracking of PMCs, including meso-β-scale vortices, which will facilitate the study of their climatology. The algorithm is based mainly on the vorticity field and consists of three parts: the identification of vortices, the connection of vortices at consecutive time steps, and discrimination between PMCs and synoptic-scale disturbances. The objective tracking method was applied to Mesoscale Analysis (MA) data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency, which has a horizontal resolution of 5 km. The detected tracks of PMCs were confirmed by subjective analysis of the MA data and satellite images. The method used here to discriminate between PMCs and synoptic-scale disturbances differs from that used in previous studies, which is based on the difference between the sea surface temperature and the temperature at 500 hPa, but gives a consist.
Precipitation representation over a two‐year period in regional reanalysis

Precipitation is a critical aspect of climate. In Europe, extreme precipitation events are costly and represent a threat to life. Evidence suggests the frequency and intensity of these events is increasing in Europe and therefore long‐period datasets that can represent such events accurately are required. Precipitation is challenging to represent in gridded models and therefore is not well trusted in relatively low‐resolution global reanalyses. For the first time, the European Reanalyses and Observations For Monitoring (EURO4M) project has produced high‐resolution atmospheric regional reanalyses of Europe that improve representation of precipitation. These are based on operational forecast systems at the Met Office and the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (HIRLAM). The improvement of quality of precipitation in the regional reanalysis datasets over their parent global reanalysis is demonstrated here, together with a discussion on the difficulties of validation of gridded precipitation. It is shown that regional reanalyses show particular improvement in representing high‐threshold events. It is also shown that higher resolution, time‐varying data assimilation and direct assimilation of precipitation all contribute to improving representation of precipitation. Resolution is of particular importance when representing extreme events.
Family Diversity and Business Start-Up: Do Family Meals Feed the Fire of Entrepreneurship?

Integrating the family embeddedness perspective with research on commensality and family meals, we develop a framework that explains why some families are more likely to fuel entrepreneurship than others. Inspired by the diversity literature and the role of the Chinese Confucian culture in shaping family dynamics, we explore how two demographic (i.e., age and gender) and two knowledge-based (i.e., education and industry) sources of diversity within family households predict a family member starting a business. We further theorize that these relationships are contingent on the frequency of family meals, as family meals serve as a conduit for how family diversity affects entrepreneurship by providing the setting where socialization and interaction take place. Using data from a representative sample of 8,162 individuals via the China Family Panel Studies in the 2014 to 2018 period, our findings demonstrate that although greater age and gender diversity hamper entrepreneurship, family meals “feed the fire” of entrepreneurship for families with greater industry and education diversity.
Features of noise in ultrathin gold nanowire structures

Bundles of ultrathin gold nanowires (Au NWs, 2 nm in diameter) were fabricated and subsequently assembled onto electrodes. Electrical measurements and noise spectroscopy techniques were applied for sample characterization. The peculiarities of noise behavior in the system of bundles of ultrathin gold nanowires were studied. The measured power spectral density of flicker noise was proportional to current squared, which reflects ohmic behavior in NW structures. Lorentzian-shaped components were revealed in the noise spectra. They are suggested to be the result of the participation of molecules adsorbed on the NW surface in transport phenomena. The presence of molecular interfaces was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron micrographs. The adsorbed molecules play an important role in charge transport and therefore determine electrical and noise properties of the NW structures. The results should be taken into account for the development of NW devices for sensing and molecular electronics applications.
Implementation of Patient-Centered Care by Athletic Training Students during Clinical Experiences: A Report from the Association of Athletic Training Education Research Network

Patient-centered care (PCC) is a core competency that should be required by all healthcare education programs, but little is known about its implementation in athletic training clinical experiences. Therefore, we examined characteristics of patient encounters documented by athletic training students implementing PCC behaviors. A multisite panel design was used to recruit 363 students from twelve professional athletic training programs (five undergraduate, seven graduate). Over 1.5 years, clinical experience patient encounter data were logged in E*Value Case Logs, including student role during the encounter, length of encounter, and clinical site. Generalized estimating equations models characterized the likelihood students included PCC behaviors in 30,522 encounters. Discussing patient goals was associated with student role (χ2(2) = 40.6, p < 0.001) and length of encounter (χ2(4) = 67.6, p < 0.001). Using patient-reported outcome measures was associated with student role (χ2(2) = 21.6, p < 0.001), length of encounter (χ2(4) = 34.5, p < 0.001), and clinical site (χ2(3) = 17.3, p = 0.001). Implementing clinician-rated outcome measures was affected by length of encounter (χ2(4) = 27.9, p < 0.001) and clinical site (χ2(3) = 8.6, p = 0.04). PCC behaviors were largely associated with student role and length of encounters; clinical site had less impact. Athletic training educators should emphasize progressive autonomous supervision with preceptors and encourage students to facilitate slightly longer patient visits, when possible, to incorporate more PCC behaviors.
Algorithms for discovery of multiple Markov boundaries: application to the molecular signature multiplicity problem

iii To mankind and science iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am especially indebted to my academic advisor, Dr. Constantin F. Aliferis. Without his colossal commitment and contribution to this project, this work would probably never exist. I would also like to acknowledge members of my Ph. Statnikova, and my mother-in-law, Ludmila Morozyuk. Their encouragement and support were crucial for my Ph.D. studies and dissertation.
Effect of Feeding Olive Pomace Acid Oil on Dark Chicken Meat Lipid Composition, Oxidative Stability, Color, and Sensory Acceptance

Simple Summary One current aim of the chicken meat industry is to reduce production costs, which can be achieved using by-products as feed ingredients. Additionally, this can contribute to the food chain sustainability. This study evaluated lipid composition, lipid oxidation, and quality of fresh and refrigerated chicken meat when an edible oil refining by-product (olive pomace acid oil) was added as a fat source (6%) in broiler diets, using refined olive pomace oil and crude palm oil as fat controls. Results showed that the use of olive pomace acid oil resulted in a similar meat fatty acid composition to the use of refined olive pomace oil, in both cases being rich in oleic acid, and in lower meat α-tocopherol levels compared to the use of palm oil. It did not affect meat lipid oxidation, its color, or its overall acceptance even after its refrigerated storage under commercial conditions, as compared to both control fats. Refrigeration increased meat lipid oxidation, redness, and yellowness, but its overall acceptance was not affected. Thus, considering these results, the olive pomace acid oil used in this study is an adequate fat source for broiler feeds in the conditions used in this study. Abstract This study evaluated the effect of using olive pomace acid oil (OPAO) instead of crude palm oil (PO) or refined olive pomace oil (ROPO) on lipid composition, lipid oxidation, and quality of chicken meat. Broiler chickens were fed diets with 6% of PO, ROPO, or OPAO, and deboned legs with skin were sampled. Fresh and refrigerated (commercial conditions; 7 days) chicken meat samples were assessed for fatty acid (FA) composition, tocopherol (T) and tocotrienol (T3) content, lipid oxidative stability, 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values, volatile compounds, color, and sensory acceptance. Using ROPO and OPAO led to meat richer in monounsaturated FAs and OPAO to lower α-T levels compared to PO. Oxidative stability, TBA values, volatile compounds, and overall acceptance of meat were not affected by diet. Refrigeration increased TBA values and some volatile compounds’ concentrations, but it did not decrease redness or consumers’ overall acceptance. Therefore, the OPAO used was an adequate fat source for chicken diets at 6%, as it produced dark meat lower in saturated FAs than PO without affecting lipid oxidation or overall acceptance. According to this, upcycling OPAO as an energy source in chicken diets would be possible, which can contribute to the sustainability of the food chain.