Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brachiation: The Crucial Issue for Man's Ancestry

IS MAN descended from a brachiating ape? Were it not for new data which promise important insight into this vexing question, now moving into its second half-century of debate, its re-examination here might be regarded as superfluous. Whatever new material may be at our command, however, the time is ripe for a restatement of the problem. For over the years increasing terminological confusion has succeeded in so obscuring the essential simplicity of the issues that an aura of false complexity greets the advent of all new facts, inhibiting their proper understanding and appreciation. The considerable body of comparative data which has been accumulated leads all to agree that among non-human primates man finds his closest counterpart in the ape. ' A large majority of workers believe this resemblance to denote kinship, even to indicate that man is more closely related to the ape than to other primates. Some go further and look upon an ape-like creature as ancestral to man, but few indeed are willing today to countenance derivation of the human stock from a form essentially comparable to the modern ape. For modem apes are characterized by a peculiar form of locomotion, arm-swinging-or brachiation-and the belief has become almost universal that "adaptation to a brachiating mode of life is inevitably accompanied by striking and extensive specializations . especially in those parts of the body wherein man can only be regarded as essentially primitive or unspecialized. "2 According to current interpretation of the as yet meagre fossil record, habitual brachiation developed in arboreal quadrupedal primates no earlier than the latter part of the Pliocene period.3 Prior to this fossil primates, clearly apes in dental features, reveal a variety of limb characters believed to indicate no more than incipient brachiation on the part of forms still largely quadrupedal.4 If such an interpretation were correct, man could at best have shared only the briefest of brachiating ancestries in common with the apes, since the human stock is clearly
Improving the Torsional Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Spiral Reinforcement

An experimental program is carried out in this paper to test nine reinforced concrete (RC) beams in order to study the torsional behavior of the beams using transverse reinforcement under different configurations: ordinary, continuous rectangular spiral, continuous circular spiral, and continuous advanced rectangular spiral configuration. The experimental torsional capacity results are compared with the theoretical values determined by the ACI 318-14 code. The results showed that the use of continuous spiral and rectangular reinforcement as transverse reinforcement enhanced the torsional capacity up to 17 % higher than using traditional reinforcements, and the ACI318-14 torsion equations are applicable and conservative for predicting the ultimate torsional capacity for beams with continuous rectangular and spiral
Money Demand in the Conduct of Monetary Policy in Nigeria

This paper examined the behaviour of money demand in the conduct of monetary policy using quarterly data from 2010Q1 to 2018Q2. The ARDL methodology was adopted given the outcome of the unit root test. The results revealed that exchange rate, financial innovation, and growth rate of real GDP have positive short-run impacts on real money demand, while treasury bill rate and lags of growth rate of real GDP influenced it negatively. Furthermore, the estimates revealed evidence of long-run relationship among the variables, which was significant only with respect to the financial innovation variable. The model passed all the diagnostic tests – specification, serial correlation, heteroskedasticity, and structural stability. Exchange rate depreciation exhibited a perceived wealth effect in the shortrun given the negative relationship between exchange rate and real money balances. Also, the upward trend in financial innovation led to an upward movement in the holdings of real money balances in Nigeria. One of the implications of these results for policy makers is that an increase in treasury bill rate would cause Nigerians to hold more money for transactionary reasons rather than substitute the naira for other currencies. This would increase the potential of attracting currency outside banks into the coffers of the financial institutions. As a result, a sizeable volume of funds will remain within the influence of monetary authorities and could improve effective implementation of monetary policy.
Knowledge and Preference of Private Label Products by Slovak Consumers

The aim of the research was to determine Slovak consumer's knowledge and preference of products bought under private labels. As a research method, there was used a structured questionnaire consisting of 13 questions. Total number of respondents was 900 randomly selected respondents buying in selected retail chains (Tesco Stores Slovakia, COOP Jednota Slovensko, Billa, Lidl, Kaufland and CBA Slovakia). The number of respondents of each retail chain was 150. For a deeper analysis of the obtained results, there were set out assumptions, which have been tested with the use of Pearson's chi-square test and Cramer's contingency coefficient. As the results of the research show, despite the fact, that the knowledge and preference of private label products by Slovak consumers is quite well (70 % of respondents know what does mean the term private label and 51.11 % of respondents purchase them regularly), there are still some reserves and shortcomings that need to be minimized, or if it will be possible removed.
Exploit Where Optimizer Explores via Residuals

In order to train the neural networks faster, many efforts have been devoted to exploring a better solution trajectory, but few have been put into exploiting the existing solution trajectory. To exploit the trajectory of (momentum) stochastic gradient descent (SGD(m)) method, we propose a novel method named SGD(m) with residuals (RSGD(m)), which leads to a performance boost of both the convergence and generalization. Our new method can also be applied to other optimizers such as ASGD and Adam. We provide theoretical analysis to show that RSGD achieves a smaller growth rate of the generalization error and the same (but empirically better) convergence rate compared with SGD. Extensive deep learning experiments on image classification, language modeling and graph convolutional neural networks show that the proposed algorithm is faster than SGD(m)/Adam at the initial training stage, and similar to or better than SGD(m) at the end of training with better generalization error.
Early Traces of Materiality and Relevance Principles in Luca Pacioli’s Tractatus XI

This paper aims to investigate the materiality and relevance principles, as observed from a historical perspective, specifically as shown in the Tractatus XI of Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita, printed in Venezia in AD 1494 by Franciscan friar Luca Pacioli, a real cornerstone for bookkeeping literature. Materiality and relevance principles are today fundamental to manage information and are discriminating for information acceptance. This research questions about how these principles are present in the Pacioli’ treatise. Seven fragments from the Tractatus, within which traces of relevance and materiality can be found, are extracted and analyzed under the IASB theoretical framework and their historical background. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the principles through a historical approach, that is selected to explore the topic and to argue about the possible causes for which it is possible to find early traces of relevance and materiality in Pacioli's work. Moreover, this research is a contribution to keep the debate open on the need for the participation of the academic world and practitioner, in the standard-setting process, that is currently lacking.
Effects of dietary protein supplementation and plane of nutrition on the resistance and the resilience of Boer goats against artificial Haemonchus contortus infection under confined conditions

i DECLARATION BY AUTHOR . iii PUBLICATIONS DURING CANDIDATURE . iii PUBLICATIONS INCLUDED IN THIS THESIS . iii CONTRIBUTIONS BY OTHERS TO THE THESIS . iii STATEMENT OF PARTS OF THE THESIS SUBMITTED TO QUALIFY FOR THE AWARDS OF OTHER DEGREE . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v
Correlation between leaf traits and moisture availibility in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Drought stress affects plant growth in several ways including changes in leaf morphology and physiology. Field experiments were conducted in 2009–2011 at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PAU, Ludhiana (India) in split-plot design with three replications to analyze the effect of water stress and varying moisture regimes on leaf traits in identified Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes. Moisture stress adversely affected leaf traits while irrigation modules significantly improved leaf characteristics. Specific leaf weight (SLW) was in-significantly affected by irrigation regimes within the genotypes. Specific leaf area (SLA) and Leaf area ratio (LAR) were greatly influenced by irrigation and their interactions were significant. Water stress was intolerable for leaf area and associated traits like length, perimeter, ratio, SLW, SLA, LAR, leaf weight ratio and leaf shoot ratio recording reduction greater than 10%, except for leaf width. Genotype PLM2 under moisture stress gave higher seed yield of 2210 kg ha−1 and had low drought susceptible index (DSI 1= 0.048) and high drought tolerant index (DTI 1 = 1.164) while genotype MLM-19 had higher DSI 1 of 2.72; low DTI 1 of 0.854 with least seed yield of 1712 kg ha−1.
Migratory response of polar bears to sea ice loss: to swim or not to swim

&NA; Migratory responses to climate change may vary across and within populations, particularly for species with large geographic ranges. An increase in the frequency of long‐distance swims (> 50 km) is one predicted consequence of climate change for polar bears Ursus maritimus. We examined GPS satellite‐linked telemetry records of 58 adult females and 18 subadults from the Beaufort Sea (BS), and 59 adult females from Hudson Bay (HB), for evidence of long‐distance swimming during seasonal migrations in 2007–2012. We identified 115 swims across both populations. Median swim duration was 3.4 d (range 1.3–9.3 d) and median swim distance was 92 km (range 51–404 km). Swims were significantly more frequent in the BS (n = 100) than HB (n = 15). In the BS, subadults swam as frequently as lone adult females, but more frequently than adult females with offspring. We modelled the likelihood of a polar bear engaging in swims using collar data from the BS. Swims were more likely for polar bears without offspring, with the distance of the pack ice edge from land, the rate at which the pack ice edge retreated, and the mean daily rate of open water gain between June–August. Coupled with an earlier study, the yearly proportions of BS adult females swimming in 2004–2012 were positively associated with the rate of open water gain. Results corroborate the hypothesis that long‐distance swimming by polar bears is likely to occur more frequently as sea ice conditions change due to climate warming. However, results also suggest that the magnitude of the effect likely varies within and between populations.
A CENTRAL NORTh PACIFIC SPAw NINg gROUNd FOR STRIPEd MARLIN, TeTrapTuru S audax

Istiophorid billfishes are notoriously difficult to identify to species, especially early life history stages. Traditional use of morphology and pigment based characters for species separation of larvae can fail when faced with moderate levels of intra-specific phenotypic plasticity. Unfortunately, as the early life history of marine fishes can play an important role in reproductive success and management strategies, we are potentially missing or confounding valuable data by misidentifying specimens. w e recently presented a dNA based method of identification for near real-time processing of ichthyoplankton samples. Using this method we have unambiguously identified seven striped marlin larvae from hawaiian waters. Additional analysis of dNA sequence data shows that these larvae all have unique mitochondrial haplo types indicating they each had different mothers and were not the result of a single chance event. This represents the first detection of spawning activity in an area that historically has been regarded as only nursery habitat for this species. This finding has important ramifications for fishery management as striped marlin represent a significant portion of the billfish catch in the h awaii-based longline fishery.
Cuckolding and Troilism: definitions, relational and clinical contexts, emotional and sexual aspects, and neurobiological profiles. A complete review and investigation into the borderline forms of the relationship: Open Couples, Polygamy, Polyamory

Starting from the concept of “cuckold” and having placed the substantial differences with the “troilism”, despite the terminological error committed by almost all the researchers who consider these two terms of synonyms, we proceeded to analyze the clinical, neurobiological and relational profiles, to then investigate the borderline forms of troilism: Open couples, polygamy and polyamory. By analyzing the possible etiological causes, which are the basis of these manifestations, it was concluded that probably the multifactorial is the most suitable answer, with a clear orientation towards the psychological causes deriving from a post-traumatic stress adaptation (substantially in the field of paraphilias or narcissism with adaptive forms, therefore self-destructive).
Robotic esophagectomy: how I do it?

Compared to the open approach, minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) offers several advantages including smaller incisions with decreased pain, improved cosmesis, and earlier return of the patient to baseline function. Robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) builds on standard MIE by offering threedimensional visualization, better instrument articulation, tremor filtration, and superior ergonomics, all of which facilitate technical precision and surgeon comfort. An evolving literature demonstrates that when performed by experienced surgeons, RAMIE leads to improved perioperative outcomes with long-term oncologic equivalency to open approaches, and may offer advantages compared to traditional MIE. This review focuses on the key steps of performing 3-field McKeown, 2-field Ivor Lewis, and transhiatal robotic esophagectomies, data regarding the shortand long-term outcomes, and a brief overview of upcoming trials comparing RAMIE with MIE.
A Study to Investigate the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Carbon Fibre/Glass Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Using a Novel Thermal Recycling Process

Manufacturing-based carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) wastes (pre-consumer waste) were recycled to recover valuable carbon fibres (CFs) and glass fibres (GFs), utilising a novel thermal recycling process with a cone calorimeter setup. The ideal conditions to recycle both the fibres occurred at 550 °C in atmospheric pressure. The processing time in the batch reactor to recycle CFs was 20–25 min, and to recycle GFs it was 25–30 min. The recovery rate of the recycled CFs was 95–98 wt%, and for GFs it was 80–82 wt%. Both the recycled fibres possessed a 100–110 mm average length. The resin phase elimination was verified by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the fibres were manually realigned, compression moulded at room temperature, and cured for 24 h by a laminating epoxy resin system. The newly manufactured CFRP and GFRP composites were continuous (uniform length from end to end), unidirectionally oriented (0°), and non-woven. The composites were produced in two fibre volumes: 40 wt% and 60 wt%. The addition of ≈20 wt% recycled CFs increased the tensile strength (TS) by 12%, young modulus (YM) by 34.27% and impact strength (IS) by 7.26%. The addition of ≈20 wt% recycled GFs increased the TS by 75.14%, YM by 12.23% and the IS by 116.16%. The closed-loop recycling approach demonstrated in this study can effectively recycle both CFRP and GFRP manufacturing wastes. Preserving the structural integrity of the recycled fibres could be an advantage, enabling recycling for a specified number of times.
Surgical therapy for breast cancer liver metastases

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in females worldwide. If diagnosed early, patients generally have good outcomes. However, approximately 20% to 30% of all women diagnosed with breast cancer develop metastatic disease. Metastatic breast cancer is incurable, but there is growing evidence that resection or other local therapy for breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM) may improve survival. We aimed to review indications for and outcomes of perioperative liver resection and other local therapies for BCLM. In this series, we reviewed 11 articles (605 patients) focusing on surgical resection and 7 articles (266 patients) describing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for BCLM. Median disease-free survival (DFS) after surgical resection was 23 months (range, 14–29 months) and median overall survival (OS) was 39.5 months (range, 26–82 months). One, 3- and 5-year survivals were 89.5%, 70%, and 38%, respectively. The factors favoring better outcomes are hormone receptor positive primary breast cancer status, R0 resection, no extrahepatic metastases (EHM), small BCLM, and solitary liver metastases. On the other hand, the median DFS with RFA was 11 months, median OS was 32 months, and the 3- and 5-year OS were 43% and 27%, respectively. The clinical features that are indications for RFA are smaller tumor and higher EHM rate than those favoring surgical resection (2.4 vs. 4.0 cm and 46% vs. 27%). The merits of RFA are its high technical success rate, low morbidity, short hospital stay, and that it can be repeated. Although results are as yet limited, in carefully selected patients, resection or other local therapies such as RFA, render BCLM potentially provide prognostic improvement.
Effect of post emergence herbicides on nutrient uptake by weeds and potato (Solanum tuberosum)

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabo seasons of 1995 96 and 1996 97 at Hisar, to study the effect of post emergence herbicides on nutrient uptake by weeds and crop in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The field was dominated mainly by broad leaf weeds like Chenopodiurn album L. (50%), Melilotus alba Desr. (35%) and Coronopus didymus (15%). All the weed control treatments significantly reduced the dry weight of weeds and N, P and K uptake by weeds compared with weedy check. Among herbicides, minimum nutrient uptake by weeds and maximum by crop was recorded in the plots treated with linuron metribuzin (2 : 1) at 1.00 kglha, and it also recorded highest tuber yield which was at par with weed free check. The maximum nutrient uptake by weeds and minimum by crop with lowest tuber yield was found in weedy check, followed by glufosinate.
The Spectrum of Gallbladder Histopathology at a Tertiary Hospital in a Developing Country: A Retrospective Study

Background Affections of the gallbladder remain exceedingly ubiquitous and often warrant surgical intervention. The histopathological patterns represent a spectrum, ranging from cholecystitis to gallbladder carcinoma. The present study aims to delineate the occurrence of various gallbladder histopathologies in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan. Histopathological records of 442 gallbladder specimens obtained from cholecystectomy were analysed. The prevalence of various histopathological outcomes was assessed. The data were eventually analysed using the SPSS 23.0 software (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Thereafter, the distribution of various gallbladder histopathologies was tabulated across gender. Results Of the 442 patients included, 330 were females and 112 were males, with the mean age hovering at 45.77±14.65 years. The most common histopathological findings were chronic cholecystitis and cholesterolosis, observed in 78.6% and 32.8% of the patients, respectively. While only one case of gallbladder adenocarcinoma was observed, multiple specimens divulged premalignant lesions including reactive atypia and intestinal metaplasia. Conclusions Diseases of the gallbladder often mandate prompt surgical intervention. Of these, chronic cholecystitis, which is an established risk factor for gallbladder carcinoma, is exceedingly common. The employment of histopathological techniques remains imperative in the detection of premalignant and malignant lesions that might otherwise evade macroscopic detection and thus progress to adenocarcinoma.
Religion and Sustainability

While persuasion has often been considered an important design tool for achieving sustainable behavior, a growing scholarship is criticizing it for its narrow focus on individuals and an overarching economic worldview. This criticism is often based on the limitations of economic-rationales that many persuasive design efforts hold and cannot fully capture the values of people who reside outside the modern scientific world - especially where values originate from and are shaped by religiosity and spirituality. We join this discourse and argue that such a narrow view of persuasion sidelines the theological roots. Based on our six-month long ethnography with the Islamic communities in a Bangladeshi city, Kushtia, we describe how 'motivation' and 'habit' are built there - two of the basic components of persuasion. Drawing from a rich body of literature on the sociology of religions and theology, we highlight how Islamic values are closely tied to the idea of persuasion and reflect a vision of sustainable living. We further discuss how such a deeper understanding of religious values can help design for sustainable living and broaden the scope of CSCW literature in the various domains.
A Critical Review of the Current Trends in Lumbar Interbody Fusion Techniques

Lumbar interbody fusion has been used extensively for tumors, spinal instability, deformity, and stenosis. The currently recommended surgical procedures are the anterior lumbar interbody fusion, the posterior lumbar interbody fusion and the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. As an alternative to them, lateral interbody fusion was introduced as a minimally invasive procedure for the management of lumbar spine disease. The literature to this date does not support a clear benefit of one main technique over others. However, many studies have compared MIS versus open interbody fusions and found similar improvements in both pain and function, but with less intraoperative blood loss, lower rates of transfusion, less postoperative narcotic use and significantly shorter hospitalization.