Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SWAT modeling of fecal indicator bacteria fate and transport in a suburban watershed with mixed land uses

This paper presents a case study of modeling the fate and transport of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in Neshanic River Watershed, a suburban watershed with mixed land uses in central New Jersey using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). FIB loadings from livestock grazing, manure application, and wildlife were modeled as nonpoint sources while FIB loadings from direct deposit of livestock manure to streams during grazing period and failing septic systems were modeled as point sources. The simulated FIB concentrations were compared to the observed concentrations at seven monitoring stations in the watershed. The model was calibrated from 1997 to 2002 and then validated from 2003 to 2008. The percent bias (PBIAS) value for simulating fecal coliform was 13.81 during calibration, and 24.11 during validation at a long-term monitoring station in the watershed, which was satisfactory. The range of the simulated FIB concentrations was comparable to the observed concentrations at all monitoring stations. Failing septic systems, manure application and livestock access to streams contributed 46, 31 and 19 percent, respectively, of the FIB concentration in streams at the watershed outlet. Seasonal pattern of the simulated FIB loadings at the watershed outlet revealed the highest FIB loadings occurred in April when manure was applied in agricultural lands compounded by spring storms. There were also elevated FIB loadings in October due to the wash-off effect of the accumulative FIB from livestock grazing during the grazing season. These results suggest that the SWAT model is capable of simulating FIB fate and transport in suburban watersheds despite the difficulties of representing the spatial and temporal distributions of FIB sources.
Automated Verification of Customizable Middlebox Properties with Gravel

Building a formally-veriﬁed software middlebox is attractive for network reliability. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of verifying “almost unmodiﬁed” software middleboxes. Our key observation is that software middleboxes are already designed and implemented in a modular way (e.g., Click). Further, to achieve high performance, the number of operations each element or module performs is ﬁnite and small. These two characteristics place them within reach of automated veriﬁcation through symbolic execution. We perform a systematic study to test how many existing Click elements can be automatically veriﬁed using symbolic execution. We show that 45% of the elements can be automatically veriﬁed and an additional 33% of Click elements can be automatically veriﬁed with slight code modiﬁcations. To allow automated veriﬁcation, we build Gravel, a software middlebox veriﬁcation framework. Gravel allows developers to specify high-level middlebox properties and checks correctness in the implementation without requiring manual proofs. We then use Gravel to specify and verify middlebox-speciﬁc properties for several Click-based middleboxes. Our evaluation shows that Gravel avoids bugs that are found in today’s middleboxes with minimal code changes and that the code modiﬁcations needed for proof automation do not affect middlebox performance.
Time Spent Exercising and Obesity: An Application of Lewbel's Instrumental Variables Method

This paper examines the role physical activity plays in determining body mass using data from the American Time Use Survey. Our work is the first to address the measurement error that arises when time use during a single day-rather than average daily time use over an extended period-is used as an explanatory variable. We show that failing to account for day-to-day variation in activities results in the effects of time use on a typical day being understated. Furthermore, we account for the possibility that physical activity and body mass are jointly determined by implementing Lewbel's instrumental variables estimator that exploits first-stage heteroskedasticity rather than traditional exclusion restrictions. While averaging 30 min of transportation-related biking or walking per day lowers the BMI of men by 1.5, we find no effect of physically active leisure on the BMI of men in our sample. In contrast, 30 min of per day of either type of physical activity lowers the BMI of women by 1.
Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Odisha

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common medical complication among pregnant women due to several anatomical factors and hormonal changes. A cross sectional study was conducted in the department of microbiology MKCGMCH, ODISHA between October 2017 to March 2018 to investigate the prevalence of UTI among pregnant women. UTI was diagnosed by growth of atleast 10 5 colony forming units/ ml of a uropathogen in a culture of MID STREAM URINE. The isolated bacteria were identified by various biochemical tests. Escherichia coli was the most common isolated uropathogen. Urine should be cultured routinely among pregnant women for screening and diagnosis purpose for all pregnant women.
Too Young for the Cocktail Party ? One reason why children and cocktail parties do not mix .

Email: lauren.calandruccio@case.edu There are many reasons why children and cocktail parties do not mix. One less obvious reason is that children struggle to hear and understand speech when multiple people are talking at the same time. Cherry (1953) was not likely thinking about children when he coined the “cocktail party problem” over 60 years ago, referring to the speech perception difficulties individuals often face in social environments with multiple sources of competing sound. Subsequent research has largely focused on trying to understand how adults recognize what one person is saying when other people are talking at the same time (reviewed by Bronkhorst, 2000; McDermott, 2009). However, modern classrooms pose many of the same challenges as a cocktail party, with multiple simultaneous talkers and dynamic listening conditions (Brill et al., 2018). In contrast to the cocktail party, however, failure to recognize speech in a classroom can have important consequences for a child’s educational achievement and social development. These concerns have prompted several laboratories, including ours, to study development of the ability to recognize speech in multisource backgrounds. This article summarizes findings from the smaller number of studies that have examined the cocktail party problem in children, providing evidence that children are at an even greater disadvantage than adults in complex acoustic environments that contain multiple sources of competing sounds.
Default Cycles

Recessions are often accompanied by spikes of corporate default and prolonged declines of business credit. This paper shows that credit and default cycles can result from variations of self-fullling beliefs about credit market conditions. We develop a tractable macroeconomic model in which credit contracts reflect the expected default risk of borrowing firms. We calibrate the model to evaluate the macroeconomic impact of sunspots and fundamental shocks. Self-fullling changes in credit market expectations generate sizable reactions in default rates together with endogenously persistent credit and output cycles, accounting for most of the volatility of corporate default and over 20% of output volatility.
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: history and diagnosis of a decreasing epidemic

In November 1986, at the United Kingdom Central Veterinary Laboratory, the brains of two cows presenting neurological symptoms were examined by two neuropathologists who noted lesions similar to those typically found in scrapie-affected sheep brains, i.e. spongiform tissue changes. After having collected epidemiological data, some British researchers linked the possible cause of the disease to certain animal proteins present in bovine feed. Epidemiology played a key role in furthering our understanding of the dynamics and the patterns of the disease and informed the initial control measures implemented. The characteristics fitting the epidemiological data were: a shape typical of an extended common source; all sick animals were index cases, in other words, there was generally one single case per herd; geographically, the cases were scattered throughout the UK. In 1996, after the detection of thousands of cases in the UK and some even in countries other than the UK, the disease (henceforth named bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE) was demonstrated to be zoonotic and to be responsible for a human spongiform disease: variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. A qualitative indicator of the likelihood of the presence of BSE cases in any country (Geographical BSE Risk assessment) was requested by the European Parliament to the European Commission, and a general model to account for the modality of the spread of BSE in the cattle population and the role of the main risk factors was designed. The introduction of a comprehensive active surveillance plan in 2001 marked a turning point in the capability to accurately describe the geographical distribution of BSE and the trend of the epidemic across Europe. Within a few months reports of the disease unexpectedly arrived from everywhere in Europe. Since 2001, the trend of prevalence shows a strong and continuous decline across Europe, demonstrating the efficacy of all the measures put in place.
PAMP-INDUCED SECRETED PEPTIDE 3 modulates immunity in Arabidopsis

Small post-translationally modified peptides are important signalling components of plant defence responses against phytopathogens, acting as both positive and negative modulators. PAMP-INDUCED SECRETED PEPTIDE (PIP) 1 and 2 have been shown to amplify plant immunity. Here we investigate the role of the related peptide PIP3 in the regulation of immune response in Arabidopsis. Treatment with synthetic PIP peptides led to similar transcriptome reprogramming, indicating an effect on innate immunity-related processes and phytohormones, including jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signalling. PIP3 overexpressing (OX) plants showed enhanced growth inhibition in response to flg22 exposure. In addition, flg22-induced production of reactive oxygen species and callose deposition was significantly reduced in PIP3-OX plants. Interestingly, PIP3-OX plants showed increased susceptibility toward both Botrytis cinerea and the biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Expression of both JA and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and signalling genes was more induced during B. cinerea infection in PIP3-OX plants compared with wild-type plants. Promoter and ChIP-seq analyses indicated that the transcription factors WRKY18, WRKY33, and WRKY40 cooperatively act as repressors for PIP3. The results point to a fine-tuning role for PIP3 in modulation of immunity through the regulation of SA and JA biosynthesis and signalling pathways in Arabidopsis.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF COAL GASIFICATION IN A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED GASIFIER

This paper presents a 3D full-loop simulation of a circulating fluidized bed gasifier. The model is validated with experimental results from the literature. The validated model is thereupon used to compare Bubbling Fluidized Bed (BFB) and Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) gasifiers to highlight the effect of a change in fluidization regime from bubbling to fast fluidization on hydrodynamics, temperature and gas composition. Feed temperature as well as Air/Coal (A/C) and Steam/Coal (S/C) ratios are kept constant, whereas the velocity of the feed (Air-Steam) is increased so as to get into the fast fluidization regime. It was concluded that the flue gas from the CFB is richer in desired gases, i.e., CO and H2 than that from BFB. H2 remains approximately the same, CO2 and CH4 decreased to a negligible amount and CO approximately doubles when the regime is changed. In addition, tar content in the gas also decreases.
Models of Social Responsibility Practice in Smes in Kediri Regency

This study's purpose is knowing how the social responsibility implementation by the owners of SMEs in keeping the relationship with the society. This research is a qualitative research. The result of the research shows that type and capital of business can influence the amount of social responsibility practiced by the business owners. The characteristics of the business owners do not influence directly towards the implemented social responsibility. The result of the research also finds that SMEs owners in Kediri Regency unconsciously social responsibility practices in accordance with the applicable constitution.
Anemia and Associated Risk Factors for Poor Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients

Background: Anemia is common in older adults aged 65 years and older, associated with morbidity, mortality, and increases the risk for cognitive decline [1]. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between anemia and risk factors for poor cognitive function in elderly patients. Patients and method: This study included one hundred elderly patients at internal medicine department in Assiut University hospital, which chosen randomly for three months from the first of January 2018 to the end of March 2018. Each elderly patients were assessed through socio-demographic data, hemoglobin level, activities of daily living (ADL), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Body mass index (BMI) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) Results: Anemia was shown in 78 % of patients, in comparison to patients without anemia, anemic patients showed significantly poor MMSE score (19±3.4 vs. 24±2.5; p<0.001), high CCI (3.7±1.2 vs. 2.8±0.85; p=0.001) and associated with severe functional impairment (38.5%vs 13.8%; p<0.001). A significant negative correlation between MMSE scores with age (r= -0.357, p<0.001) and CCI (r= -0.508, p<0.001) were detected. Conclusion: Older age, low education level, anemia, and comorbidity are predictive for impaired cognitive function. Increased BMI and full daily activities are protective against cognitive function impairment. Recommendation: Health education program for elderly regarding the causes, risk factors and treatment of anemia.
Effect of Mechanical Measures on Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis among Postpartum Cesarean Section

Background:Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and postpartum period. It can be prevented through performed of intermittent pneumatic compression and following by preventive measures. The aim of this study: was to evaluate the effect of mechanical measures on prevention of deep vein thrombosis among postpartum cesarean section. Research design: A quasi-experimental design. The sample: A study and control groups had contained about 200 postpartum women after cesarean section. Setting: The research was completed at antenatal and postnatal wards of Maternity and children's Hospital in Al Madinah Al Munawarh, Saudi Arabia. Tools of data collections: four tools were used. Tool (1): An interviewing questionnaire. Tool (II): Author DVT risk assessment scale. Tool (III): intermittent pneumatic compression and preventive measures questionnaire. Tool (1V): DVT and its appearances questionnaire. Results: The average age of this study and the control groups were (26.14±6.93) and (26.57±6.42) years old respectively. There were elevate statistically considerable variation among the study and control groups regarding the level of information, and the performance of intermittent pneumatic compression and following preventive measures after the intervention (P<0.05*). Meanwhile there weren't significant differences were found between study and control groups in relation to DVT and its manifestations during the 4 th week postpartum. Conclusion: The study group had higher score regarding the level of knowledge, the performance of intermittent pneumatic compression, and following protective measures than the control group. Postpartum women who performed intermittent pneumatic compression and followed the protective measures had a considerable lowering in the appearance of DVT and its demonstration compared with those who did not. Recommendation: Health education should be increased awareness of women about the risk factors and preventive measures for DVT during pregnancy, labour, and postpartum. Strengthen the nurses’ role in providing preventive measures for prevent DVT and its complications.
Green revenues, profitability and market valuation: Evidence from a global firm level dataset

Substantial private investments in low carbon technologies and capital assets are necessary to meet climate change mitigation targets. This paper examines how diversifying and specialising production towards environmental goods and services is associated with the profitability and market valuation of firms. We use a new green revenue dataset of global listed firms covering approximately 98% of global market capitalisation for the period 2009-2016. Revenues from environmental goods and services is growing rapidly and totalled US$1.6 trillion in 2016, representing around 4% of turnover. The utilities sector including green electricity and water contributes the most to global green revenues. In these sectors, we find evidence that incentives already exist so that orienting production towards green goods and services simultaneously enhances firms’ economic performance, suggesting that existing policy interventions are encouraging the provision of public goods by creating a “win-win”. For other sectors, there are currently insufficient market incentives to shift radically into the environmentally friendly market space. While early movers have been able to increases operating profit margins, increasing the share of green activities has not necessarily increased the accounting rate of return on investment, suggesting that capital costs are high. Additional policy support is likely needed to create a clear investment case for making climate friendly production choices throughout the economy.
Macroprudential Policy Measures: Macroeconomic Impact and Interaction with Monetary Policy

This paper examines the interactions of macroprudential and monetary policies. We find, using a range of macroeconomic models used at the European Central Bank, that in the long run, a 1% bank capital requirement increase has a small impact on GDP. In the short run, GDP declines by 0.15-0.35%. Under a stronger monetary policy reaction, the impact falls to 0.05-0.25%. The paper also examines how capital requirements and the conduct of macroprudential policy affect the monetary transmission mechanism. Higher bank leverage increases the economy's vulnerability to shocks but also monetary policy's ability to offset them. Macroprudential policy diminishes the frequency and severity of financial crises thus eliminating the need for extremely low interest rates. Countercyclical capital measures reduce the neutral real interest rate in normal times. JEL Classification: E4, E43, E5, E52, G20, G21
Complementary phosphorus acquisition strategies of interplanted subterranean clover and white lupin increase sward yield in a low phosphorus soil

Two pot experiments were conducted to assess whether growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterranean) increases when it was grown together with white lupin (Lupinus albus), a legume that can access fixed-phosphorus (P) in soil by secreting of organic acids from its roots. Total shoot dry mass of microswards of clover interplanted with lupin was significantly higher in P-deficient soil, compared to clover monocultures. The benefit to P-efficiency was greater when there was more lupin growing in the mixture. However, the clover component of the sward was depressed by the lupin. In a second experiment, subterranean clover and white lupin were interplanted with their shoots physically separated to assess whether mobilisation of P by the lupin directly improved the P nutrition of the interplanted clover. However, the shoot dry matter and P uptake by subterranean clover were generally lower when grown in interplanted treatments, compared with growth and P uptake in clover monocultures. This suggested that interplanted lupins had not “facilitated” improved P acquisition by the clover; instead the improved yield of mixed swards in low-P soil was more likely the result of “complementarity” or “niche differentiation”, with the companion species exploring different soil horizons and/or different soil P resources.
Nursing Intervention Based on Neuman's Model for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting among Women with Breast Cancer

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting has significant and distressing side effects caused by cancer itself and significantly lowered quality of life. The present study aimed torecognizedthe effect of nursing intervention based on neuman's model for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among women with breast cancer. Design: control and study design (A quasi experimental design) was utilized.Setting: The study was conducted at Out-patient clinics at Oncology Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt. Sampling: sample of 150 women with breast cancer selected by convenience sample. The study tools: Tool (I):Structured interview questionnaire.Tool (II) A standardized self-administered chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting diary.Tool (III): Functional Assessment of Cancer patients. Results:It was observed that the Mean knowledge score was16.49±6.98 pre intervention to be an 32.85±0.48 post intervention. results reveled statistically significant differences between pre and post nursing intervention among studied group pvalue were ≤ 0.0001. There was an improvement of physical ,social ,emotional and functional well being among study group as compared with control groupThe results showed that there were significantly differences score for study group rather than control group post intervention in decreasing severity, frequency and onset regarding to nausea and vomiting experience.Conclusion: The study concluded that women who received nursing intervention based on Neuman's model had less episodes of frequency, onset and severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Recommendation:Application of nursing intervention based on Neuman's model for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting as a complementary therapy should be carried out at different setting and different types of cancer.