Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microwave-Assisted Pulse-Spouted Vacuum Drying of Apple Cubes

Microwave-assisted pulse-spouted vacuum drying (MPSVD) of apple cubes was examined in a laboratory-scale apparatus. Aside from the drying time, structural and textural properties of the dried cube were measured. Results are compared with alternative drying techniques developed earlier in our laboratory. These include microwave-spouted bed drying (MSBD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD), and conventional vacuum drying (VD). Comparison is made in terms of the key quality parameters, viz. color, texture, apparent density, rehydration property, and sensory evaluation. Over the range of operating conditions tested, MPSVD apple cubes had the best color and significantly highest sensory evaluation score.
Outcome of secondary acute myeloid leukemia treated with hypomethylating agent plus venetoclax (HMA‐Ven) or liposomal daunorubicin‐cytarabine (CPX‐351)

N.K. – Research Funding – Amgen; Consulting – Medimmune/Astra Zeneca S.M. – Honoraria PleXus Communications, Physician Education Resource; Research Funding – Juno Therapeutics (Bristol-Myers Squibb Company), Allogene Therapeutics, Janssen Oncology, Takeda A.L. – Consulting/Honoraria BMS, Janssen, Amgen, Boehringer, Genmab; Research Funding – BMS, Janssen H.H. – Consultancy – Novartis, Research Funding – Celgene/BMS, Takeda E.S. Patents/ Royalties for CAR T cells to treat multiple myeloma, BMS; Consulting: BMS, Fate Therapeutics, Precision Biosciences; N.L. – Employed by Janssen; M.H. – Research Funding – Daiichi Sankyo, GSK, Amgen, Consultancy – Intellisphere D.C. – none M.S. –Consulting: Angiocrine Bioscience, Inc., Omeros Corporation, McKinsey & Company, Kite – A Gilead Company; Speaking engagement: i3Health (CME); G.S. – Research Funding – Amgen, Janssen; O.L. – MorphoSys; H.L. – Honoraria – Takeda, Sanofi, Pfizer; Advisory board – Takeda, Sanofi, Pfizer, Janssen, Celgene, Caelum, Abbvie, Karyopharm; Research Funding – Takeda, Janssen; Consultancy – Caelum, Karyopharm; M.A. – Honorarium: Invivoscribe, Inc.; C.H. : Honorarium, Invivoscribe; M.R. – none; A.D. – Consultancy – Roche, Physicians Education Resource, Seattle Genetics, Takeda, EUSA Pharma, Abbvie, Research Funding – Corvus, NC S.G. – Research Funding – Jazz, Kite, Actinuum, CSL Behring, Pfizer, Quintiles, Janssen, Amgen, Sanofi, Celgene/BMS, Adienne; O.L. – Consultancy – Adaptive, Amgen, Celgene/BMS, Janssen, Glenmark, Cellectis, Juno, Pfizer; Honoraria – Amgen, Celgene/BMS, Janssen, Glenmark, Cellectis, Seattle Genetics, Pfizer; Research Funding – Amgen, Celgene/BMS, Glenmark, Seattle Genetics, Karyopharm, Pfizer, Binding Site; Independent Data Monitoring Committee – Janssen, Takeda; D.M. , E.T. , B.D. , M.S., K.W. , K.J., D.V. , A.S. , T.P., A.D., S.D. , C.T. , U.S., S.L. report no disclosures.
The Determination of Some Heavy Metals and Minerals in the Tissues and Organs of the Capoeta umbla Fish Species in Relation to Body Size, Sex, and Age

In this study, the levels of iron, copper, zinc, (manganese), cobalt, cadmium, lead, chrome, arsenic, mercury, nickel, calcium, and magnesium in the muscle, gill, skin, liver, gonad, and kidney of Capoeta umbla caught from Lake Hazar, Elazig, Turkey were investigated. The concentrations of detected heavy metals were the highest in the liver and the lowest in the muscle. In addition, it has been found that the concentrations of heavy metals and minerals were found to be different in various tissues and organs. The amounts of heavy metals showed differences according to the weight, length, sex, and age groups of the fish. The results were discussed and compared with tolerable values for heavy metals provided by the EPA, WHO, FAO, and Turkish Food Codex to determine whether this species has any risk for human consumption. Bu calismada, Hazar Golu'nden (Elazig, Turkiye) yakalanan Capoeta umbla'nin kas, solungac, deri, karaciger, gonad ve bobrek dokusundaki demir, bakir, cinko, mangan, kobalt, kadmiyum, kursun, krom, arsenik, civa, nikel, kalsiyum ve magnezyum duzeyleri incelenmistir. Tespit edilen agir metal ve minerallerin en yuksek duzeyleri karaciger en dusuk duzeyleri ise kas dokusunda tespit edilmistir. Ayrica bu agir metallerin konsantrasyonlari farkli doku ve organlarda farkli bulunmustur. Agir metal birikimlerinin baligin yas gruplarina, vucut agirligina, uzunluguna ve cinsiyetine bagli olarak degisiklik gosterdigi saptanmistir. Bu turun insanlar tarafindan tuketilmesinin herhangi bir risk tasiyip tasimadigi EPA, WHO, FAO ve Turk Gida Kodeksi tarafindan onerilen kabul edilebilir degerler ile karsilastirilarak tartisilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Agir metal, birikim, Capoeta umbla, Hazar Golu, mineral.
The landscape of immune checkpoints expression in non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review

With the increasing clinical potential of tumor immunotherapy, more and more clinical trials are undergoing with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Immune checkpoints (ICs) have been identified as crucial regulators of the immune response and have improved ICIs-inhibitor therapeutic strategies. The most important ICs in lung cancer include programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), and Galectin-9 (GAL-9), OX-40, OX40L. However, the expression and prognostic value of these ICs are still controversial. Among them, high expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells (>50%) predicts a better therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody compared to patients with low PD-L1 expression. However, only 20–30% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients seem to get benefit from immunotherapy. In order to improve the immunotherapy outcomes, more and more attention is paid to combination immunotherapy. Analyzing the co-expression of ICs can give us a more comprehensive basis for combination immunotherapy. This review article summarized our comprehensive expression of ICs based on our previous research, and analyzed their correlation with prognosis in NSCLC patients. We also provided suggestions for potentially personalized combination immunotherapy in NSCLC.
Head and neck reconstruction using free flaps: a 30-year medical record review

Background The free flap surgical method is useful for the reconstruction of head and neck defects. This study retrospectively analyzed the results of head and neck reconstructions using various types of free flaps over the past 30 years. Methods Between 1989 and 2018, a total of 866 free flap procedures were performed on 859 patients with head and neck defects, including 7 double free flaps. The causes of vascular crisis and salvage rate were analyzed, and the total flap survival rate calculated among these patients. Additionally, the survival and complication rates for each flap type were compared. Results The 866 cases included 557 radial forearm flaps, 200 anterolateral thigh flaps, 39 fibular osteocutaneous flaps, and 70 of various other flaps. The incidence of the vascular crisis was 5.1%; its most common cause was venous thrombosis (52.3%). Salvage surgery was successful in 52.3% of patients, and the total flap survival rate was 97.6%. The success rate of the radial forearm flap was higher than of the anterolateral flap (p<0.01), and the primary sites of malignancy were the tongue, tonsils, and hypopharynx, respectively. Conclusion The free flap technique is the most reliable method for head and neck reconstruction; however, the radial forearm free flap showed the highest success rate (98.9%). In patients with malignancy, flap failure was more common in the anterolateral thigh (5.5%) and fibular (5.1%) flaps.
Temporal kinetics of bovine mammary IgG secretion into colostrum and transition milk.

Neonatal calf survival and health is predominantly dependent on sufficient consumption of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the resulting transfer of passive immunity (TPI). In this study we investigate the potential for continued IgG secretion and temporal kinetics of mammary IgG output in sequential milkings performed at 0, 4, 16, 28, 40 and 52 hours post-calving in Holstein dairy cows. For colostrum (0 hour), we also scrutinize the relationships between IgG concentration, volume, refractometer readings (˚Bx values, Brix ®) and concentration of sugars (lactose and glucose). Mammary transcripts postpartum (0 hour) indicated that active IgG secretion continues beyond the first milking (colostrum; n=4-5). IgG measurements at the different timepoints indicated that colostrum represents only 25.1% of the total IgG produced across the six sequential milking timepoints, with a substantial 48.9% being secreted into transition milk over the next three timepoints (4-, 6- and 28-hour) combined. The differences on the basis of IgG concentrations across 0-, 4- and 16-hour milking timepoints were not statistically significant (p=0.1522; n=9). For colostrum, volume remained highly variable, even with induced let-down prior to milking (n=27). Nonetheless, colostrum IgG secretion was significantly co-regulated with volume (R 2=0.915; p<0.001; n=18), an association that was stronger than that measured for lactose (R 2=0.803; p<0.001; n=18) and glucose (R 2=0.467; p=0.002; n=17). Comparing colostrum ˚Bx values to absolute IgG concentrations showed no correlation (R 2=0.127; p=0.07; n=27); biochemical separation of colostrum components indicated that both proteins and non-protein solutes could affect ˚Bx values (p<0.0001 for both; n=5). This suggests that ˚Bx values do not reasonably indicate IgG concentration to serve as a measure of "colostrum quality. " Additionally, our finding that early transition milk (4-, 6- and 28-hour) can contribute substantially more IgG than colostrum forces a rethink of existing feeding paradigms and means to maximize TPI in calves. Collectively, our results reveal the remarkable value of early transition milk and caveats to colostrum assessments that could advance application in enhancing neonatal calf health.
Comprehensive genomic profiling of combined small cell lung cancer

Background Combined small cell lung cancer (CSCLC) is an uncommon and heterogeneous subtype of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, there is limited data concerning the different molecular changes and clinical features in CSCLC compared to pure SCLC. Methods The clinical and pathological characteristics of pure SCLC and CSCLC patients were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry and microdissection were performed to isolate the CSCLC components. Further molecular analysis was carried out by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 12 CSCLC and 30 pure SCLC. Results There were no significant differences in clinical features between CSCLC and pure SCLC. Overall survival (OS) of CSCLC patients was worse than pure SCLC (P=0.005). NGS results indicated that TP53 and RB1 were the most frequently mutated genes in both CSCLC (83.33% and 66.67%) and pure SCLC (80.00% and 63.33%) groups. However, less than 10% common mutations were found in both CSCLC and pure SCLC. When analyzing the data of SCLC and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) components of CSCLC, more than 50% common mutations, and identical genes with mutations were detected. Moreover, there were also common biological processes and signaling pathways identified in CSCLC and pure SCLC, in addition to SCLC and NSCLC components. Conclusions There were no significant differences in terms of clinical features between CSCLC and pure SCLC. However, the prognosis for CSCLC was worse than pure SCLC. NGS analysis suggested that CSCLC components might derive from the same pluripotent single clone with common initial molecular alterations and subsequent acquisitions of other genetic mutations.
The retrospective experience of day-surgery semi tubeless ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Background To retrospectively assess the experience of day-surgery semi tubeless ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (UMP) for the treatment of kidney stones by experienced surgeons. Methods Clinical data of 358 patients with kidney stones (254 males and 104 females; mean age: 59.60±11.70) who were performed UMP surgery in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine affiliated Renji Hospital from June 2015 to December 2018. Patient demographics, operative data, complications, and readmission rates were recorded. Day-surgery UMP was defined as discharge of patients either the same day or within 24 h after surgery. Semi tubeless UMP was defined as no placement of DJ and nephrostomy tube after surgery. Results The average size of stones was 14.56±6.24 mm (range, 4–30 mm). There are solitary stones in 192 cases, multiple stones in 142 cases and 29 cases with Staghorn stones. F13 outer sheath was used for all operations; 358 patients completed UMP on the day of admission; 326 (91.06%) patients achieved same-day discharge or received overnight observation prior to discharge, and 32 patients (8.94%) required full admission (longer than 24 h). The readmission rate was 0.56% (2 patients). The postoperative complications within 1 week occurred in 36 (10.06%) patients, including 23, 10, 3 of grades I, II, IIIa complications (Clavien-System). The average operation time was 29.64 min and the hemoglobin drop were 13.42±9.55 g/L. The stone clearance rate was 91.62% (328/358). The semi tubeless rate war 95.25% (341/358). Conclusions For day-surgery semi tubeless UMP, experienced surgeons gain excellent patient outcomes in appropriately selected patients. Day-surgery semi tubeless UMP is worth promoting.
Directed Evolution of an Enhanced POU Reprogramming Factor for Cell Fate Engineering

Abstract Transcription factor-driven cell fate engineering in pluripotency induction, transdifferentiation, and forward reprogramming requires efficiency, speed, and maturity for widespread adoption and clinical translation. Here, we used Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc driven pluripotency reprogramming to evaluate methods for enhancing and tailoring cell fate transitions, through directed evolution with iterative screening of pooled mutant libraries and phenotypic selection. We identified an artificially evolved and enhanced POU factor (ePOU) that substantially outperforms wild-type Oct4 in terms of reprogramming speed and efficiency. In contrast to Oct4, not only can ePOU induce pluripotency with Sox2 alone, but it can also do so in the absence of Sox2 in a three-factor ePOU/Klf4/c-Myc cocktail. Biochemical assays combined with genome-wide analyses showed that ePOU possesses a new preference to dimerize on palindromic DNA elements. Yet, the moderate capacity of Oct4 to function as a pioneer factor, its preference to bind octamer DNA and its capability to dimerize with Sox2 and Sox17 proteins remain unchanged in ePOU. Compared with Oct4, ePOU is thermodynamically stabilized and persists longer in reprogramming cells. In consequence, ePOU: 1) differentially activates several genes hitherto not implicated in reprogramming, 2) reveals an unappreciated role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone signaling, and 3) binds a distinct class of retrotransposons. Collectively, these features enable ePOU to accelerate the establishment of the pluripotency network. This demonstrates that the phenotypic selection of novel factor variants from mammalian cells with desired properties is key to advancing cell fate conversions with artificially evolved biomolecules.
Receipt of Behavioral Health Services Among US Children and Youth With Adverse Childhood Experiences or Mental Health Symptoms

Key Points Question What proportion of children and youth who have distress symptoms and/or adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which often lead to later behavioral and physical health problems, do not receive behavioral health services? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 11 896 children and youth, no current clinical behavioral health contact was reported for 57% of children aged 2 to 9 years with high ACEs, 53% of children aged 2 to 9 years with high distress symptoms, and 41% of children aged 2 to 9 years with high levels on both indicators. Among youth aged 10 to 17 years, no current clinical contact was reported for 63% of those with high ACEs, 52% of those with high distress symptoms, and 62% of those who scored high on both. Meaning These findings suggest that large portions of the high-risk youth population are not receiving behavioral health services that could improve their developmental outcomes.
Silicon: A neglected micronutrient essential for bone health

Bone matrix is predominantly made up of collagen, and in vitro and in animal models studies have shown that silicon is linked to glycosaminoglycans and plays an important role in the formation of cross-links between collagen and proteoglycans, determining the beneficial effects on strength, composition, and mechanical properties of bone. However, there are still no precise indications regarding a possible role of silicon on bone health in humans. Given this background, the aim of this narrative review was to consider the effectiveness of silicon dietary intake and silicon dietary supplementation (alone or with other micronutrients), in order to suggest a daily dosage of Si supplementation, on bone mineral density in humans. This review included eight eligible studies: four regarding dietary intake and four considering supplementation with silicon alone or with other nutrients. Despite the number of studies considered being low, the number of subjects studied is high (10012) and the results are interesting. Although to date the available scientific evidences are not considered valid enough to allow to establish an adequate level of Silicon intake, based on extrapolations from the data obtained with studies on animal and human models, it has been suggested that an adequate intake in order to promote beneficial effects for bone could be considered to be around 25 mg silicon/day. As for silicon dietary supplements, it has been shown that the combined treatment with orthosilicic acid (6 mg), calcium, and vitamin D has a potentially beneficial effect on femoral BMD compared to only use of calcium and vitamin D.
Stepping Outside the Echo Chamber: Is Intellectual Humility Associated With Less Political Myside Bias?

In recent years, an upsurge of polarization has been a salient feature of political discourse in America. A small but growing body of research has examined the potential relevance of intellectual humility (IH) to political polarization. In the present investigation, we extend this work to political myside bias, testing the hypothesis that IH is associated with less bias in two community samples (N1 = 498; N2 = 477). In line with our expectations, measures of IH were negatively correlated with political myside bias across paradigms, political topics, and samples. These relations were robust to controlling for humility. We also examined ideological asymmetries in the relations between IH and political myside bias, finding that IH–bias relations were statistically equivalent in members of the political left and right. Notwithstanding important limitations and caveats, these data establish IH as one of a small handful psychological features known to predict less political myside bias.
Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets.

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.
Short pulsed microwave ablation: computer modeling and ex vivo experiments

Abstract Purpose To study the differences between continuous and short-pulse mode microwave ablation (MWA). Methods We built a computational model for MWA including a 200 mm long and 14 G antenna from Amica-Gen and solved an electromagnetic-thermal coupled problem using COMSOL Multiphysics. We compared the coagulation zone (CZ) sizes created with pulsed and continuous modes under ex vivo and in vivo conditions. The model was used to compare long vs. short pulses, and 1000 W high-powered short pulses. Ex vivo experiments were conducted to validate the model. Results The computational models predicted the axial diameter of the CZ with an error of 2–3% and overestimated the transverse diameter by 9–11%. For short pulses, the ex vivo computer modeling results showed a trend toward larger CZ when duty cycles decreases. In general, short pulsed mode yielded higher CZ diameters and volumes than continuous mode, but the differences were not significant (<5%), as in terms of CZ sphericity. The same trends were observed in the simulations mimicking in vivo conditions. Both CZ diameter and sphericity were similar with short and long pulses. Short 1000 W pulses produced smaller sphericity and similar CZ sizes under in vivo and ex vivo conditions. Conclusions The characteristics of the CZ created by continuous and pulsed MWA show no significant differences from ex vivo experiments and computer simulations. The proposed idea of enlarging coagulation zones and improving their sphericity in pulsed mode was not evident in this study.
OXIDATION OF ELEMENTAL SULFUR UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN

A field study was conducted at 4 sites in central Saskatchewan to examine the oxidation rate of elemental S and its influence on soil pH. Finely divided S (approximately 7-μm diameter) was applied at a rate of 200 kg ha−1 to soil cores in aluminum cylinders. Three entire cores from each site were removed and analyzed for sulfate content and soil pH four times during a 16-mo period. All four soils exhibited significant oxidative activity. Twenty-three to forty-five percent of applied S was recovered as sulfate 10 wk after application. Sulfate concentrations recovered in the soil profiles declined after approximately 1 yr, partly due to leaching losses. Fertilizer-derived sulfate was most persistent in soils of finer texture. In the coarse-textured soils, most of the fertilizer-derived sulfate was apparently leached from the soil profile by the end of the 16-mo period. Soil pH was marginally reduced by oxidation following the application of elemental S but differences were no longer statistically significan.