Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Predictor-like Controller for Linear Ito Stochastic Systems with Input Delays

Linear quadratic regulation (LQR) is very fundamental in modern control theory. The theory has been developing for several decades. However, a more general problem, the LQR problem for stochastic systems with multiple control channels and delays still remains outstanding. To better understand our idea, the paper focuses on dealing with the problem with two control channels and a delay, which is more difficult than the one with a single delayed control channel since the former actually encounters interaction of control channels besides the delay. A new value function is proposed, which is key for finding the predictor-like controller. The idea is also suitable for handling the LQR problem for Ito stochastic systems with multi-control-channel and multi-delay.
Influence of Planter Downforce Setting and Ground Speed on Seeding Depth and Plant Spacing Uniformity of Corn

Uniform seed placement improves seed-to-soil contact and requires proper selection of downforce control across varying field conditions. At faster ground speeds, downforce changes and it becomes critical to select the level of planter downforce settings to achieve the desired consistency of seed placement during planting. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ground speed and downforce setting on seeding depth and plant spacing and to evaluate the relationship of ground speed and row unit ride quality on gauge wheel load and its impact on seed placement consistency. A 12-row Horsch planter equipped with a hydraulic downforce control was used for planting non-irrigated corn. Three levels of fixed downforce (FDF) and two levels of active downforce (ADF) settings along with four levels of planting speed (7.2, 9.7, 12.1 and 16.1 kph) were utilized in the experiment. The planter was programmed to plant corn at 5.08 cm (2 in)and 6.35 cm (2.5 in.) target seeding depths with seeding rate varying from 65,500 to 72,400 seeds/hectare (30,000 to 32,000 seeds/acre). Results suggests that planting speed and downforce setting influenced consistency in seed placement. Slower ground speed, medium setting for fixed downforce control and high setting for the active downforce control resulted in a more uniform seed placement as measured by significantly lower frequency of misses and doubles. Seeding depth was maintained within the range of the target by the medium and high setting for the fixed downforce control. Increasing the seeding depth by half inch resulted in an average of 77% reduction the gauge wheel load which caused the seeding depth to be outside the target range all the time. Both settings for the active downforce control exhibited an average seeding depth of within the range except at higher ground speed for the low setting. Row unit bounce increases with speed for both fixed and active downforce control.
Electrochemical Activation of Graphite Nanosheets Decorated with Palladium Nanoparticles for High Performance Amperometric Hydrazine Sensor

Herein, we have demonstrated a preparation of palladium nanoparticles on electroactivated graphite nanosheets modified screen printed carbon electrode (PdNPs-EGNS/SPCE) by a simple electrochemical method. The well-prepared electrocatalyst was potentially applied to the high performance electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine in neutral medium. The PdNPs-EGNS novel composite was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the average diameter and thickness of PdNPs and EGNS were found to be ∼38 nm and 85 nm, respectively. The high performance electrocatalytic determination of hydrazine was performed by the amperometric i-t method. The fabricated sensor displayed irreversible electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine with diffusion-controlled electrode process. The oxidation of hydrazine at PdNPs-EGNS/SPCE showed wider linear range 0.05–1415 µM and high sensitivity 4.382 µA µM−1 cm−2. The as-prepared electrocatalyst achieved quick response towards hydrazine with a lower detection limit 4 nM.
noninsulin-dependent diabetics change from low to high carbohydrate and fiber diet13

ABSTRACF Thirteen poorly controlled noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects ingested in succession over 5.5 wk their usual low-carbohydrate, low-fiber diet (LCF) for 3 d, a highcarbohydrate, high-fiber diet (HCF) for 3 wk, and the LCF diet again for 2 wk. All diets were designed to be individually isoenergetic. Fasting plasma glucose fell significantly during the HCF diet and then rose significantly during the last LCF diet. Dietary change rather than hospitalization had its full effect by 18 d. Urinary glucose excretion rose transiently on the HCF diet before also falling significantly. Similarly, pancreatic immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) fell significantly on the HCF diet and increased significantly on the LCF diet. No significant differences were observed in plasma insulin, serum free fatty acids, or monocyte insulin binding activity between the two diets. Reduction in circulating IRG may in part explain the lower fasting (or basal) plasma glucose observed on HCF diets. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48:104-9.
Synthesis and SERS Properties of Nanocrystalline Gold Octahedra Generated from Thermal Decomposition of HAuCl4 in Block Copolymers

although full characterization and determination of the yield of octahedra with respect to other shapes in the mixture are lacking. [2b] Under the reaction conditions described in this paper, at least 70% of the products are crystalline gold octahedra, permitting detailed analysis by electron microscopy and surface spectroscopy of these nanomaterials. The plasmon-assisted enhancing optical properties were demonstrated by SERS of 2-naphthalenethiol (2-NAT), an analyte with a well-defined SERS spectrum. The gold octahedral nanoparticles were synthesized in high yields by thermal treatment of HAuCl4-loaded polystyreneblock-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP; 91500 gmol –1 105000 gmol –1 ) with a 1:2 ratio of Au III /pyridyl-groups, at a temperature of 250°C in air for 5 min. The block copolymer solution (0.5 wt% in toluene) was loaded with a predefined amount of HAuCl4(s), and spin-coated onto a native oxide capped silicon surface to form a monolayer of block copolymer micelles, followed by brief heating. Scanning electron
Instability of planar texture of a cholesteric liquid crystal in an electric field

Experiments carried out on nernato-cholesteric mixtures demonstrated that the threshold voltage Uth and period A of instabilities of the "conducting regime" in a planar texture of a cholesteric liquid crystal with a pitch Po of the order of the cell thickness L were oscillatory functions of L. This was attributed to oscillations of the induced helix pitch P about its equilibrium value as a function of L, i.e., to the existence of Grandjean bands appearing due to orientation of the liquid crystal by the cell walls.
Statistical Analysis and Bias Correction of GSMaP Satellite Rainfall Data for Flash Floods Modelling over the Basin of Ravi River, Pakistan

The basin of Ravi has a very weak network of rain gauges. This issue excels the importance of SPEs to be used extensively instead of gauge products for different hydrological investigations like flash flood modeling etc. The primary purpose of this research was to assess the SPEs and make them useful for flash flood studies by applying bias correction procedure on it. The SPEs showed a linear correlation with rain gauge products however under and overestimations in comparison with the gauge products were also observed. A comprehensive statistical analysis was carried out and multiplicative bias correction procedure was applied on SPEs individually for point precipitation of each rain gauge, then whole examined area and at the end for average basin precipitation, after categorizing them on the basis of intensity. A percentage bias of 16.75 % was observed for point precipitation and 6.30 % for average basin precipitation of the study area, which were then significantly reduced to 0.78% and 0.31% respectively after bias corrections. Flash floods modelling was performed using gauge products, biased and corrected GSMaP products for the years 20142016. Upstream boundary condition was provided by a flow hydrograph observed at Jassar stream gauging station. The modelling results on flash flood showed improvement because of bias correction procedure applied on GSMaP product. The results of bias correction of rainfalls using multiplicative bias correction factor showed better match with ground-based estimates. This was proved with improved values of statistical indices.
Magnetized spherically symmetric accretion flows

Accretion onto compact objects is a challenging problem. The first averaged model was developed 55 years ago, but the theory is yet far from being complete. The real accretion was found to be time-dependent and turbulent. This paper presents the first averaged MHD spherical accretion model that separately deals with turbulence. Turbulence treatment is based on simulations of several regimes of collisional MHD. The effects of freezing-in amplification, dissipation, dynamo action, isotropization and constant magnetic helicity are self-consistently included. The assumptions of thermal equipartition and magnetic field isotropy are released. Correct dynamics of magnetized flow is calculated. Energy transfer in a form of diffusion, convection or radiation is not accounted for. Two different types of accretion flows are found. The first type is a transonic non-rotating flow. The second type is a flow with effective transport of angular momentum outward. Non-rotating flow has an accretion rate several times smaller than Bondi rate, because turbulence inhibits accretion. Flow with angular momentum transport has accretion rate about 10-100 times smaller Bondi rate. The effects of highly helical turbulence, states of outer magnetization and different equations of state are discussed. The flows were found to be convectively stable on average, despite gas entropy increases inwards. These solutions can be effectively applied to Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flows. The proposed model has a small number of free parameters, but has attractive properties. Density in the non-rotating magnetized flow was found to be several times lower than density in non-magnetized accretion. This helps to naturally explain the observed low IR luminosity and low Faraday rotation measure of accretion onto Sgr A*. Subject headings: accretion, MHD, turbulence – Galaxy: center
EFFECT OF CULTIVAR ON THE EFFICIENCY OF FUNGICIDES IN CONTROLLING POWDERY MILDEW OF FLAX AND RELATIONSHIP OF AGRONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRAITS TO DISEASE SEVERITY FUNGICIDES FOR CONTROLLING POWDERY MILDEW OF FLAX

A two-year field study was conducted at El-Ismailiya, Egypt, to evaluate the fungicides Bellis and Sulphurs applied as a foliar sprays for controlling powdery mildew on six flax cultivars. Disease severity, straw yield, and seed yield were used as criteria for evaluating the performance of fungicide on the tested cultivars. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that each of the fungicides and cultivar was highly significant source of variation (p = 0.000), in disease severity, strae yield, and seed yieled. ANOVA also showed that fungicide x cultivars interaction was a highly significant source of variation (p = 0.000) in disease severity, while it was insignificant in straw and seed yields. Both fungicides were effective in reducing disease severity; however, sulphur surpassed Bellis in increasing straw yield and seed yield. Therefore, linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between agronomic or technological traits and powdery mildew severity (PMS). All traits showed significant negative correlations with PMS after the appliction of fungicides, which suggest that control of late-season powdery mildew could be economically important when PMS on flax cultivars is high.
On-Line Monitoring 1H-Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Plant Tissues Using Molecular Imprinting Monolayer Techniques on a Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based detection methodology, which allows the identification and quantification of the plant hormone, 1H-indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in Peach, Rosa flower, and Crape myrtle bud is described. To achieve high selectivity, a molecularly imprinted monolayer (MIM) was prepared from alkanethiols self-assembled on an SPR sensor chip with preadsorbed template (IAA). The association constant of the MIM to IAA was calculated to be 2.8 × 1011 M−1 by analysis of the SPR wavenumber changes induced by different concentrations of IAA. A good calibration curve was obtained in a low concentration range of IAA. Moreover, the MIM revealed impressive selectivity with the selectivity factors of 1.0, 0.12, and 0.20 for IAA and other related analogues. Compared to the MIM sensor chip, the affinity of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) control sensor chip for IAA was significantly low. The single SPR sensor decorated with the MIM was used to determine IAA concentrations in peach, Rosa flower, and Crape myrtle bud, and satisfactory results were obtained. Based on a signal to noise ratio of 3, the detection limits were 0.23 pM for Crape myrtle, 0.20 pM for Peach, and 0.32 pM for Rosa. The method showed good recoveries and precision, 95.7% (RSD 0.54%) for Peach, 98.1% (RSD 3.4%) for Rosa, and 98.1% (RSD 2.5%) for Crape myrtle, spiked with 0.4171 µg, respectively. These results indicate that a combination of SPR sensing and the MIM provides a simple, promising alternative method for determining endogenous IAA in plant tissue in a real-time manner.
Rotational energy transfer in HF(v = 2): Double resonance measurements and fitting law analysis

Data from overtone vibration‐laser double resonance experiments show extremely rapid rotational relaxation in HF (v=2) for rotational states up to J=6 and serve to test energy based fitting laws for rotational energy transfer rate constants. The observed rotational states equilibrate in less than a gas kinetic collision with some individual rates being more than twice the hard sphere collision rate. Energy based fitting laws reproduce the observed evolution of the state populations to within 30% but fail systematically for higher (J=5 and 6) rotational levels. Fitting laws formulated for collisions between an atom and a molecule are virtually as successful as those for collisions between two molecules. The extracted rate constants show that multiple rotational quantum energy transfer is an important aspect of relaxation dynamics.
Personality profile of combat sports champions against neo-gladiators

Background and Study Aim: The problem, which has long been the area of interest of sport psychologists, trainers and athletes, concerns the determination of the personality factors of the master in sport. This specific task would have to be to determine the personality traits of athletes that are necessary for their success in sport. It is accepted to assume that sport shapes the personality of athletes (players), and this is characteristic of specific sports disciplines. A new phenomenon is the acceptance by certain social circles of neo-gladiatorialism (an example of mix martial arts – MMA) and camouflaging this pathology as part of combat sports. The aim of the research is the personality profiles of combat sports champions and neo gladiators based on the methodological criteria of the Big Five model. Material and Methods: Three hundred and thirty fighters (30 men in each sample) from 11 combat sports disciplines and 30 neogladiators (MMA) took part in the study, There are 45 champions in this population with significant sporting achievements (medallists of the World Championships, European Championships etc.) and 4 neo-gladiators (the winners of prestigious international tournaments). The age of the respondents is between 20 and 29 years of age. The research used the NEO-FFI Personality Questionnaire. Results: Statistically significant differences between combat sports athletes disciplines in the dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness were demonstrated. In each sport discipline a slightly different intensity of personality dimensions was found and the dominant dimension was different. There were deviations from the personality profile of the Brazilian ju jitsu athletes from the athletes of other combat sports athletes. The profile of neo gladiators did not differ from most athletes. In addition, there were differences between champions and other fighters. There were differences in the factors of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness. Conclusions: Combat sports athletes are distinguished by personality profiles specific to the sport they train. The personality profile of combat sports champions (in general) is significantly different in four personality dimensions in relation to the rest of martial arts adepts.
Sulfonated Poly(aryl ether ketone)s Containing the Hexafluoroisopropylidene Diphenyl Moiety Prepared by Direct Copolymerization, as Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application†

A series of sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (SPAEK-6F) copolymers were prepared by aromatic nucleophilic polycondensation of hexafluoroisopropylidene diphenol with 5,5‘-carbonylbis(2-fluorobenzenesulfonate) and 4,4‘-difluorobenzophenone (DFBP) at various molar ratios. The synthesized SPAEK-6F polymers possessed high molecular weights revealed by their high viscosity, and tough and flexible membranes were obtained by casting from DMAc solution. The sulfonate or sulfonic acid content (SC) of the polymers, expressed as a number per repeat unit of polymer, was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and was in good agreement with the initial monomer ratios. The membranes exhibited increased water uptake and swelling with increasing SC and temperature. SPAEK-6F membranes with SC ranging from 0.6 to 1.14 maintained adequate mechanical strength after immersion in water at 80 °C for 24 h. Fenton's reagent test revealed that the SPAEK-6F membranes had good stability to oxidation. The proton conductivities of the SPAE.
Effectiveness of an intervention program on basic physical and coordination skills and its relationship with BMI in individuals with intellectual disability

Background and Study Aim: The high levels of physical inactivity and sedentarism caused by the low mobility offered to people with intellectual disabilities are one of the main causes of the high levels of obesity observed in this group in today’s society. The present study aims was knowledge about the effect of a 6-month intervention programme based on the application of SLOC (System of Oriental Struggles in Competition) as an innovative sport on indicators of health, BMI, coordination, balance, flexibility and strength. Material and Methods: The application of SLOC (System of Oriental Struggles in Competition) as an innovative sport on indicators of health, BMI, coordination, balance, flexibility and strength. A longitudinal study was carried out with a pre-experimental design with pre-post measurements in a single group (n = 47), using as main instruments a TBF300 bioimpedance scale and Eurofit battery tests. Results: The main results were a noticeable improvement in body mass index, strength level and flexibility which represents a small effect size in these cases. Balance and coordination also improved, representing a medium size effect for these variables. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of this study, as it does not have a control group, the main conclusions are that SLOC together with a recreational-active methodology can be a motivational resource to adhere to healthy lifestyles and that also people with intellectual disabilities can have means for a significant improvement in their quality of life, helping to improve health status indicators in this group.
An electron diffraction study of graphitic oxide

A structure analysis of graphitic oxide has been made on the basis of 'single-crystal' spot patterns and ring and arc patterns from polycrystalline material. The graphitic oxide was highly disordered, the patterns corresponding to diffraction by individual layers of thickness about 5/~. These layers are based on puckered carbon sheets, hexagonal in projection, with oxygen atoms and hydroxyl groups attached in a disordered array. A difference Fourier map of the projection of the layer shows fractional oxygen peaks in positions consistent with feasible carbon-oxygen bond configurations.
Review of the Emerging Evidence Demonstrating the Efficacy of Ivermectin in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19

Background: After COVID-19 emerged on U.S shores, providers began reviewing the emerging basic science, translational, and clinical data to identify potentially effective treatment options. In addition, a multitude of both novel and repurposed therapeutic agents were used empirically and studied within clinical trials. Areas of Uncertainty: The majority of trialed agents have failed to provide reproducible, definitive proof of efficacy in reducing the mortality of COVID-19 with the exception of corticosteroids in moderate to severe disease. Recently, evidence has emerged that the oral antiparasitic agent ivermectin exhibits numerous antiviral and anti-inflammatory mechanisms with trial results reporting significant outcome benefits. Given some have not passed peer review, several expert groups including Unitaid/World Health Organization have undertaken a systematic global effort to contact all active trial investigators to rapidly gather the data needed to grade and perform meta-analyses. Data Sources: Data were sourced from published peer-reviewed studies, manuscripts posted to preprint servers, expert meta-analyses, and numerous epidemiological analyses of regions with ivermectin distribution campaigns. Therapeutic Advances: A large majority of randomized and observational controlled trials of ivermectin are reporting repeated, large magnitude improvements in clinical outcomes. Numerous prophylaxis trials demonstrate that regular ivermectin use leads to large reductions in transmission. Multiple, large “natural experiments” occurred in regions that initiated “ivermectin distribution” campaigns followed by tight, reproducible, temporally associated decreases in case counts and case fatality rates compared with nearby regions without such campaigns. Conclusions: Meta-analyses based on 18 randomized controlled treatment trials of ivermectin in COVID-19 have found large, statistically significant reductions in mortality, time to clinical recovery, and time to viral clearance. Furthermore, results from numerous controlled prophylaxis trials report significantly reduced risks of contracting COVID-19 with the regular use of ivermectin. Finally, the many examples of ivermectin distribution campaigns leading to rapid population-wide decreases in morbidity and mortality indicate that an oral agent effective in all phases of COVID-19 has been identified.