Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical Pump–Terahertz Probe Study of HR GaAs:Cr and SI GaAs:EL2 Structures with Long Charge Carrier Lifetimes

The time dynamics of nonequilibrium charge carrier relaxation processes in SI GaAs:EL2 (semi-insulating gallium arsenide compensated with EL2 centers) and HR GaAs:Cr (high-resistive gallium arsenide compensated with chromium) were studied by the optical pump–terahertz probe technique. Charge carrier lifetimes and contributions from various recombination mechanisms were determined at different injection levels using the model, which takes into account the influence of surface and volume Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination, interband radiative transitions and interband and trap-assisted Auger recombination. It was found that, in most cases for HR GaAs:Cr and SI GaAs:EL2, Auger recombination mechanisms make the largest contribution to the recombination rate of nonequilibrium charge carriers at injection levels above ~(0.5–3)·1018 cm−3, typical of pump–probe experiments. At a lower photogenerated charge carrier concentration, the SRH recombination prevails. The derived charge carrier lifetimes, due to the SRH recombination, are approximately 1.5 and 25 ns in HR GaAs:Cr and SI GaAs:EL2, respectively. These values are closer to but still lower than the values determined by photoluminescence decay or charge collection efficiency measurements at low injection levels. The obtained results indicate the importance of a proper experimental data analysis when applying terahertz time-resolved spectroscopy to the determination of charge carrier lifetimes in semiconductor crystals intended for the fabrication of devices working at lower injection levels than those at measurements by the optical pump–terahertz probe technique. It was found that the charge carrier lifetime in HR GaAs:Cr is lower than that in SI GaAs:EL2 at injection levels > 1016 cm−3.
Spectral domain analysis of microstrip floating line structures by wavelet expansion method

A spectral domain analysis of microstrip floating line structures by wavelet expansion method is presented. The surface integral equation is converted into a sparse matrix equation by using the Galerkin's method, with the integral kernel and the unknown current expanded in terms of orthogonal wavelets. Limitations inherited in the traditional orthogonal basis systems are released: The problem-dependent normal modes have been replaced by the problem-independent wavelets, preserving the orthogonality. The trade-off between orthogonality and continuity is well balanced by the orthogonal wavelets. Numerical results are compared with previous published data with good agreement. <<ETX>>
Morpho‐palynological investigation of gymnospermal flora from subalpine and alpine zones of northern Pakistan using LM and SEM

The pollen morphology, with special reference to exine sculpture, of some species of the gymnosperms was assessed for the first time from the subalpine and alpine zones of western Himalayas northern Pakistan. The pollen of all these species is airborne and allergenic, so pollen morphology helps for identification of this allergenic pollen at specific level. Different morpho‐palynological characteristics were analyzed including size range of pollen, polar and equatorial diameter ratio, exine ornamentation, sculpturing, exine thickness, pollen type, and shape. For accurate and quick identification of species, taxonomic key was made based on different morpho‐palynological characteristics. The quantitative data were processed using SPSS software. Gymnospermal pollen includes inaperturate, rarely 1‐colpate observed in (Cupressaceae), hexazonocolpate in (Ephedraceae), vesiculate, bissacate in (Pinaceae), and inaperturate in (Taxaceae). Different pollen shapes observed were prolate (4 spp), sub‐spheroidal (7 spp), and oblate (1 spp). Variation was observed in exine sculpturing granular (4 spp), reticulate (1 spp), areolate‐punctate (3 spp), and psilate (2 spp). This is based on the analysis of 10 plants belonging to four families of gymnosperms. Distinct pollen shape has emerged as the most diagnostic feature to separate some genera such as spheroidal in (Cupressaceae, Taxaceae), prolate and radiosymmetrical in (Ephedraceae), and bilateral in (Pinaceae). Exine thickness and sculpturing proved to be helpful at generic and specific levels. The results reinforced the significance of gymnospermal pollen morphological features which were used as aid for valuable taxonomic tool in plant systematics.
Unusual intracranial suppuration: illustrative cases

BACKGROUND Intracranial suppuration (ICS) is a rare complication that can arise from various disease processes and is composed of brain abscess, extradural empyema, and subdural empyema. Although significant progress has been achieved with antibiotics, neuroimaging, and neurosurgical technique, ICS remains a serious neurosurgical emergency. An uncommon presentation of ICS is sterile ICS, which has yet to be fully elucidated by clinicians. The authors present 2 cases of unusual sterile ICS: a sterile subdural empyema and a sterile brain abscess. OBSERVATIONS Both patients underwent surgical treatment consisting of craniotomy to evacuate the pus collection. The blood cultures from both the patients, the collected empyema, and the thick capsule from the brain abscess were sterile. However, the necrotic brain tissue surrounding the abscess contained inflammatory cells. The authors’ review of the literature emphasizes the rarity of sterile ICS and substantiates the necessity for additional studies to explore this field. LESSONS Sterile ICS is a disease entity that warrants further investigation to determine appropriate treatment to improve patient outcomes. This study highlights the paucity of data available regarding sterile ICS and supports the need for future studies to uncover the etiology of sterile ICS to better guide management of this condition.
Discovery of an ancient MHC category with both class I and class II features

Significance Two classes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, MHC class I and MHC class II, constitute the basis of our elaborate, adaptive immune system as antigen-presenting molecules. They perform distinct, critical functions: especially, MHC class I in case of antivirus and antitumor defenses, and MHC class II, in case of effective antibody responses. This important class diversification has long been enigmatic, as vestiges of the evolutionary molecular changes have not been found. The revealed ancient MHC category represents a plausible intermediate group between the two classes, and the data suggest that class II preceded class I in molecular evolution. Fundamental understanding of the molecular evolution of MHC molecules should contribute to understanding the basis of our complex biological defense system. Two classes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, MHC class I and class II, play important roles in our immune system, presenting antigens to functionally distinct T lymphocyte populations. However, the origin of this essential MHC class divergence is poorly understood. Here, we discovered a category of MHC molecules (W-category) in the most primitive jawed vertebrates, cartilaginous fish, and also in bony fish and tetrapods. W-category, surprisingly, possesses class II–type α- and β-chain organization together with class I–specific sequence motifs for interdomain binding, and the W-category α2 domain shows unprecedented, phylogenetic similarity with β2-microglobulin of class I. Based on the results, we propose a model in which the ancestral MHC class I molecule evolved from class II–type W-category. The discovery of the ancient MHC group, W-category, sheds a light on the long-standing critical question of the MHC class divergence and suggests that class II type came first.
TennBasTech: A Scientific Approach to Teach Tennis

From a curriculum perspective, technology has two meanings; as a tool and as a system. Technology as a tool supports the learning process, and technology as a system is related to the curriculum planning stage. Both curriculum planning and technology are objectives. Appropriate technology in every learning or training during the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to apply effectively and efficiently. The expected situation does not work as well as it should be. Therefore, this study investigates the effectiveness of using Android-based TennBasTech application technology to teach tennis with a scientific approach to young athletes aged 10 to 11 years. This study used an experimental method with a pretest-posttest-one-group design to test TennBasTech application in the scientific approach to teach tennis. The instrument used is the service accuracy test, the Groundstroke Forehand test and the Backhand drive test. The sample consisted of 35 participants of both male and female students. As a result, applying a scientific approach using the TennBasTech Android-based application contributes significantly in supporting young athletes to learn tennis at home. It is due to participants’ interest in using some of the features in the application to help participants learn every movement well repeatedly. The limitation in this study lies in the form of evaluation that must be carried out by students not yet listed in the application. So for the following application development, research must include an evaluation model to make it easier for students to control their abilities.
Multi-mode Data Collection: What Can Still Be Expected?

A major issue in official statistics is the availability of objective measures supporting the based-on-fact decision process. Istat has developed an Information System to assess survey quality. Among other standard quality indicators, nonresponse rates are systematically computed and stored for all surveys. Such a rich information base permits analysis over time and comparisons among surveys. The paper focuses on the analysis of interrelationships between data collection mode and other survey characteristics on total nonresponse. Particular attention is devoted to the extent to which multi-mode data collection improves response rates.
An assessment of the usage and the improvement of interlocking stabilized soil block technology - A case of northern Uganda

Northern Uganda is recovering from civil wars which have left communities without adequate housing. Attempts to introduce Interlocking stabilized soil blocks (ISSB) provide low cost housing haven‟t been very successful. The main purpose of the study was to find ways of encouraging use of ISSB. The study was both an experimental study and a survey. Tests were done on soil and block samples from projects selected from the region in the districts of Gulu, Amuru, Pader, Kole, Lira and Oyam. Questionnaires were also given to Engineers, Technicians and craftsmen from the same study location and data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to test, rank and correlate them. Tests on soil samples and block samples indicated that they are of generally acceptable quality and strength however, water absorption was generally high. Low incomes and low durability of the blocks were found to be the greatest barriers, whereas the greatest enablers are the fast speed of erection, and environmental friendliness. It is recommended that: UNBS commission ISSB standards; government provides more funding; policies are developed that promote the use of ISSBs: and more research is done on the durability of the ISSBs.
Identification of the contributing area to river discharge during low-flow periods

Abstract. The increasing severity of hydrological droughts in the Mediterranean basin related to climate change raises the need to understand the processes sustaining low flow. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate simple mixing model approaches, first to identify and then to quantify streamflow contribution during low-water periods. An approach based on the coupling of geochemical data with hydrological data allows the quantification of flow contributions. In addition, monitoring during the low-water period was used to investigate the drying-up trajectory of each geological reservoir individually. Data were collected during the summers of 2018 and 2019 on a Mediterranean river (Gardon de Sainte-Croix). The identification of the end-members was performed after the identification of a groundwater geochemical signature clustered according to the geological nature of the reservoir. Two complementary methods validate further the characterisation: rock-leaching experiments and unsupervised classification (k-means). The use of the end-member mixture analysis (EMMA) coupled with a generalised likelihood uncertainty estimate (GLUE) (G-EMMA) mixing model coupled with hydrological monitoring of the main river discharge rate highlights major disparities in the contribution of the geological units, showing a reservoir with a minor contribution in high flow becoming preponderant during the low-flow period. This finding was revealed to be of the utmost importance for the management of water resources during the dry period.
Metabolic Effects of CCN5/WISP2 Gene Deficiency and Transgenic Overexpression in Mice

CCN5/WISP2 is a matricellular protein, the expression of which is under the regulation of Wnt signaling and IGF-1. Our initial characterization supports the notion that CCN5 might promote the proliferation and survival of pancreatic β-cells and thus improve the metabolic profile of the animals. More recently, the roles of endogenous expression of CCN5 and its ectopic, transgenic overexpression on metabolic regulation have been revealed through two reports. Here, we attempt to compare the experimental findings from those studies, side-by-side, in order to further establish its roles in metabolic regulation. Prominent among the discoveries was that a systemic deficiency of CCN5 gene expression caused adipocyte hypertrophy, increased adipogenesis, and lipid accumulation, resulting in insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, which were further exacerbated upon high-fat diet feeding. On the other hand, the adipocyte-specific and systemic overexpression of CCN5 caused an increase in lean body mass, improved insulin sensitivity, hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes, and increased heart mass, but decreased fasting glucose levels. CCN5 is clearly a regulator of adipocyte proliferation and maturation, affecting lean/fat mass ratio and insulin sensitivity. Not all results from these models are consistent; moreover, several important aspects of CCN5 physiology are yet to be explored.
Risk preference, prior experience, and serial entrepreneurship performance: evidence from China

ABSTRACT Serial entrepreneurial performance is affected by serial entrepreneurs’ risk preference, but the way prior experience affects the relationship between the risk preference and performance remains unclear. Through regression analysis of 588 listed serial entrepreneurial companies in China, this paper shows that serial entrepreneurs who make more use of risk have higher serial entrepreneurial performance. For serial entrepreneurs with relevant industry experience, the degree of influence of their risk preference on serial entrepreneurial performance will be strengthened. For serial entrepreneurs with rich entrepreneurial experience, the degree of influence of their risk preference on serial entrepreneurial performance will be weakened. The results are conducive to the effective use of prior experience and reasonable adjustment of risk preference for serial entrepreneurial enterprises, thereby improving the performance of serial entrepreneurship.
FATIGUE AND FRACTURE OF RIVETED BRIDGE MEMBERS

Estimates of remaining fatigue life and development of rational maintenance strategies for riveted bridges are hindered by a lack of knowledge of their resistance to fatigue and fracture. This paper presents results of fatigue tests of three types of full-scale riveted bridge girders. If stresses are calculated using net-section areas, detail category European Convention for Construction Steelwork (ECCS) 71 (American Association of State Highway Traffic Officials [AASHTO] D) provides a reasonable estimate of fatigue strength of mildly corroded steel and wrought-iron elements. Also, the maximum shear stress range in rivets should not exceed 14 ksi (100 MPa). Fracture properties of wrought iron are examined in tests of Charpy specimens and fatigue-cracked plates. Fracture toughness of wrought iron may be low and consequently it is important to obtain data corresponding to the material employed in the bridge under assessment. If toughness is low, other factors that contribute to critical crack length (e.g., built-in stresses, geometry, and loading) become important, since critical crack lengths may not be detectable under certain conditions. Finally, a two-criteria approach for determination of critical crack lengths has been identified to be useful for civil engineering structures.
Clinical Evaluation of the Use of Mini-Implants to Replace Congenitally Absent Maxillary Lateral Incisors: A Short-Term Study

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of immediately restored mini-implants with a diameter of 2.5 mm one year after their use for rehabilitation of congenitally absent maxillary lateral incisors. Methodology: A total of 30 mini-implants (narrow ridge 2.5) were inserted in 23 patients (13 females, 10 males) with a mean age of 21.6 years (range: 16–38 years) at the implant center of Damascus University. The implants replaced congenitally absent maxillary lateral incisors. All implants were immediately restored with a non-functional provisional acrylic crown. The abutment part of the implant was prepared before crown cementation. The ceramic permanent crown was placed after three months. A health implant scale was chosen to evaluate implant success. A periapical standard X-ray was taken immediately upon bonding of the temporary crown as well as after one year of loading. Proximate bone loss was measured using Canvas 9 (ACD, 2004). Results: No implant was lost; thus, the one-year implant survival was 100%. Optimal survival was 93.6%. A statistically significant mean marginal bone loss was observed between baseline and 12 months (mesial: 1.06 ± 0.55 mm; distal: 1.05 ± 0.53 mm). Conclusion: A high one-year survival rate was documented for management of congenital missing maxillary lateral incisors using immediately loaded mini-implants, and these implants therefore provide a good alternative treatment option. How to cite this article: Alharissy M, Dayoub S. Clinical Evaluation of the Use of Mini-Implants to Replace Congenitally Absent Maxillary Lateral Incisors: A Short-Term Study. Int Dent Res 2012;2:27-32. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Some Engineering Properties of Concrete Containing Natural Pozzolana and Silica Fume

Abstract Ternary blended cements are often used in cement manufacture using industrial waste and natural resources to produce a low cost and an environment friendly cement. Ternary blended cements also have the advantage of combining the synergic effects of their ingredients, which compensate for their mutual weaknesses. In this paper, the effect of combining a very active mineral addition (silica fume) SF on the mechanical properties and durability of cements containing natural pozzolana NP is analyzed. The optimal couples ″natural pozzolana/silica fume″ proposal is based on their mechanical properties and durability performance. The results confirm that the use of ternary cements contributes to the improvement of strength at an early stage. Better resistance to sulphate and acid attacks and less chloride ions penetration also enhanced durability.
Scene terrain classification for autonomous vehicle navigation based on semantic segmentation method

Autonomous transportation is a new paradigm of an Industry 5.0 cyber-physical system that provides a lot of opportunities in smart logistics applications. The safety and reliability of deep learning-driven systems are still a question under research. The safety of an autonomous guided vehicle is dependent on the proper selection of sensors and the transmission of reflex data. Several academics worked on sensor-based difficulties by developing a sensor correction system and fine-tuning algorithms to regulate the system’s efficiency and precision. In this paper, the introduction of vision sensor and its scene terrain classification using a deep learning algorithm is performed with proposed datasets during sensor failure conditions. The proposed classification technique is to identify the mobile robot obstacle and obstacle-free path for smart logistic vehicle application. To analyze the information from the acquired image datasets, the proposed classification algorithm employs segmentation techniques. The analysis of proposed dataset is validated with U-shaped convolutional network (U-Net) architecture and region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) architecture model. Based on the results, the selection of 1400 raw image datasets is trained and validated using semantic segmentation classifier models. For various terrain dataset clusters, the Mask R-CNN classifier model method has the highest model accuracy of 93%, that is, 23% higher than the U-Net classifier model algorithm, which has the lowest model accuracy nearly 70%. As a result, the suggested Mask R-CNN technique has a significant potential of being used in autonomous vehicle applications.
Determinants of Responsible Environmental Behavior

Attaining a sustainable future will involve dramatic changes to contemporary lifestyles. In order to promote these changes effectively it is essential to have a clear comprehension of the variables characteristic of individuals who engage in responsible environmental behavior. To this end, this paper presents three studies. The first study illustrates that no common set of variables can be used to predict a wide range of proenvironmental activity. The second study clarifies the factors that predict householders' composting, while the third study investigates householders who invest in energy efficiency.
Association between obsession, compulsion, depression and insight in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis

Abstract Background Previous studies examining potential relationships of impaired insight with severity obsessive-compulsive (O-C) symptoms and depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have produced mixed results. Here, we examined differences in these clinical characteristics and their changes after treatment in adult patients with OCD who have poor insight (OCD-PI) versus in those who have good insight (OCD-GI). Methods Fifty-nine full-text articles were screened for eligibility with 20 studies ultimately being included in the present meta-analysis. Results The OCD-PI and OCD-GI groups differed from each other with respect to O-C symptom (p < 0.001, g > 0.7) and depressive symptom (p < 0.001, g = 0.614) severity. Significant and moderate correlations were observed between insight and treatment outcomes (O-C symptoms, r = 0.33; depressive symptoms, r = 0.47). Exploratory meta-regression showed that methodological factors influenced the magnitudes of inter-group O-C symptom differences. Conclusions The current meta-analysis indicates that poorer insight is associated with more severe O-C and depression, and less improvement of symptoms in patients with OCD. Insight impairment may be a critical and core OCD-related deficit.