Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Cradle to Grave: Does Mortality Salience Facilitate a Preference for Our Own Attachment Styles?

Terror Management Theory (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986) depicts humanity as fundamentally driven by the motivation to escape or transcend mortality concerns. Recent research shows that close relationships serve as anxiety buffers against death-related thoughts (Hirschberger, Florian, & Mikulincer, 2002; Smieja, Kalaska, & Adamcyzyk, 2006). The current research investigated whether mortality salience prompts individuals to exhibit preferences for those other who share their attachment styles. Participants were assessed on their own attachments styles and were randompy assigned to mortality salience or control conditions. Participants then rated their levels of attraction toward vingettes that exhibited secure, fearful, preoccupied, or dismissive characteristics. Results indicated that participants rated self-matching attachment vignettes significantly more favorably than non-matching vignettes, but only in the mortality salience condition. The current research suggests that attachments style may serve as a component of one’s subjective worldview that predicts interpersonal preferences when confronting mortality concerns.
Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Phosphate Absorption by Carex Aquatilis Ecotypes along Latitudinal and Local Environmental Gradients

The genetic and environmental determinants of photosynthesis, respiration, and phos- phate absorption were studied in Carex aquatilis populations from diverse thermal and nutritional environments, using reciprocal transplants to subarctic hot spring and muskeg sites and temperate alpine and subalpine sites. Ecotypic differences in growth rate (300%o variation) reported by Chapin and Chapin (1981) were more important than ecotypic differences in maximum photosynthetic rate (<20%o variation) or temperature optimum (50C variation) in explaining population differences in tiller size. Acclimatization of photosynthesis to different gardens was most pronounced in populations from thermally variable environments. Differences in photorespiration among populations and among gar- dens generally paralleled differences in photosynthesis. The temperature optimum for photosynthesis of each population in all gardens was higher than average air temperature in any site and may have represented a compromise between (1) effective photosynthesis and (2) high nitrogen requirement associated with a low temperature optimum in a cold environment. All processes associated with plant carbon balance (respiration rate of shoots, rhizomes, and roots, and photosynthesis) lacked marked ecotypic variation. In contrast, phosphate absorption rate differed substantially among pop- ulations grown in a common garden, being highest in populations evolving in cold, phosphate-deficient soils. Soil phosphate status was more important than soil temperature in eliciting this evolutionary response. In contrast, acclimatization of phosphate absorption by each population was more sensitive to temperature than to phosphate availability. Rates of both phosphate absorption and photosynthesis were highest in those populations that had the highest genetic potential for growth. We conclude that rates of physiological processes associated with resource gain or loss are closely correlated with growth rate and can be best understood by considering the total selective regime impinging upon the plant.
Do Online Reviews Affect an Online Intermediary’s Reputation? A Transaction Cost Economics Perspective

Online reviews have been shown to have an important impact on consumer purchase decisions. In addition, existing research has demonstrated the impact of online reviews on electronic commerce outcomes such as sales. Yet, very little attention has been paid to how online reviews affect one of the important parties in electronic commerce, the online intermediary. Drawing from transaction cost economies and using data from eBay, this study demonstrates that both positive and negative online reviews have a significant impact on an online seller’s reputation. However, an online seller’s reputation does not affect an online intermediary’s reputation significantly. Moreover, consumer loyalty is affected by an online intermediary’s reputation. Being one of the first few studies that analyse on online intermediaries, this study provides important practical implications. The results of this study, therefore, can be used by online sellers and intermediaries to manage online review systems and marketplaces more effectively.
Organic versus conventional – a comparative study on quality and nutritional value of fruit and vegetable juices

The study presents a comparison of some nutritional values of juices made from organic and conventional apple, pear, blackcurrant, carrot, beetroot and celery. Higher soluble solids content (SSC) for organic juices than for conventional ones was recorded for blackcurrant (14.9% and 12.5%, respectively) and beetroot (12.3% versus 8.3%). The highest organic acids content was noted for blackcurrant (3.7 g malic acid 100 g− 1), whereas the lowest was for celery (0.57 g 100 g− 1 on average). Higher organic acids content was shown in apple, pear, and especially blackcurrant grown organically. Amounts of juice NH4-N content were lower in organic vegetable juices than in conventional ones. The conventional farming method favoured greater NO3-N accumulation for beetroot (846 mg NO3-N kg− 1 f.w.) than for organic juice (229 mg NO3-N kg− 1 f.w.). The data showed the organic juices to have polyphenols and ascorbic acid contents similar to, and antioxidant activity slightly higher than, conventional juices.
In situ filtration responses of Daphnia galeata to changes in food quality

In the stoichiometric study of phyto-zooplankton interactions, a controversy exists about how Daphnia species regulate their feeding rate when submitted to low-quality food (i.e. high dietary carbon:phosphorus [C:P] ratio). In this study, we gathered data over 3 years on in situ clearance rates of a Daphnia galeata population, by conducting grazing experiments from April 1998 to October 2000 in the Esch-sur-Sure reservoir (Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg). Observed clearance rates (2.5-13.5 mL individual day -1 , mean 7.0 mL individual -1 day -1 ) were correlated with population and environmental variables. Mean body size of Daphnia individuals was the best predictor of clearance rate (r 2 = 0.639), followed by water temperature (r 2 = 0.262) and P concentration in the seston (r 2 < 0.241). When combined with body size, seston C:P or nitrogen:P ratios provided the best predictive regression model of clearance rate (r 2 = 0.852-0.897). The clearance rate was always correlated negatively with P concentration in the food. Thus, Daphnia reacts to a decrease of food quality (i.e. higher C:P ratio) by an increase of its feeding rate. However, the filtration response to food quality was inhibited by high population density. We suggest that, when food quality is low and population density high, this inhibition may favour fitness of future conspeciftc generations. In conclusion, our results emphasize the effect of P availability on transfer rate of organic matter between lacustrian autotrophs and herbivores and pose questions about consequent effects on nutrient biogeochemical cycles.
Epidemiological Profile of Hospital-acquired Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India

Introduction: “Hospital-acquired infection (HAI)” can be defined as an infection acquired in hospital by a patient who was admitted for a reason other than that infection. Purpose: This study was done to observe the incidence of HAI (with bacteriological profile and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern) in the Orthopaedics Ward of Bankura Sammilani Medical College. Materials and Methods: A total of 2062 patients admitted for more than 48 h were studied for 1 year for the detection of the development of any of the HAI during hospitalization. On suspicion of the development of an HAI, representative samples for the diagnosis of a site-specific HAI were collected, processed, and interpreted. A total of 158 patients admitted for more than 48 h showing clinical features of any one of the HAIs were selected for sampling. Results: From the 158 samples collected during the study period, samples from 92 patients were positive in bacteriological culture. Conclusion: The study attempts to understand the epidemiological profile of HAI in this tertiary care hospital in a non-urban region of eastern India to take necessary infection control measures.
Foreign Aid and Sectoral Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa

ABSTRACT:The effectiveness of foreign aid in promoting growth has been a subject of intense debate among donors, policy makers and researchers. On the one hand, foreign aid can promote growth and investment by filling the savings gap and the foreign exchange gap. On the other hand, foreign aid may have an adverse effect on growth and investment due to disincentives and moral hazard issues associated with the strategic interactions among donors and recipients and its negative effect on the tradable sector and the competitiveness of the economy through the Dutch Disease. In this paper, we examine long-run effects of foreign aid on output and prices of tradable and non-tradable sectors in twenty-two sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries using cointegrated vector autoregressive (CVAR) analysis. The SSA countries have been major recipients of foreign aid. The CVAR methodology has a number of advantages over single equation estimation and panel data estimation method used in current studies. Unlike these methods, it allows for the dynamics of aid and its effect to differ across countries. For each country, we estimate 5X5 CVAR model using annual data. Our variables comprise of foreign aid, tradable output, non-tradable output, price of tradable goods, and price of non-tradable goods. We find that aid has a heterogeneous effect on sectoral output and prices. It has a significant negative effect on tradable output in fifteen countries, but has a significant positive effect on the tradable output in four countries. Similarly, aid has a significant positive effect on non-tradable output in five countries, but a significant negative effect in six countries. Only in four countries foreign aid has both a negative effect on tradable output and a positive effect on non-tradable output. We also find that aid has an inflationary effect in six countries, while it has a deflationary effect in five countries. We do not find evidence of Dutch disease. Aid does not lead to deterioration in the terms of trade for tradable goods.
Binding of Bile Salts by Soluble Fibers and Its Effect on Deconjugation of Glycocholate by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei.

: Binding of sodium cholate, sodium taurocholate, and sodium glycocholate by guar gum, soluble oat fiber, xanthan gum, and inulin was studied. All soluble fibers were able to bind sodium cholate, sodium taurocholate, and sodium glycocholate from a mixture of the three, but when tested individually, the fibers bound little or no sodium cholate. In general, the fibers bound higher concentrations of conjugated bile salts than they did free bile salts. Soluble oat fiber, which bound as much or more sodium cholate and sodium glycocholate as did the other 3 fibers, was tested for its effect on deconjugation of glycocholate by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei. The presence of the fiber significantly increased (P < 0.05) deconjugation by all cultures.
Angiosarcoma Scalp: An Under-Reported and Under-Discussed yet Aggressive Entity. J Cancer Oncol 2018, 2(1): 000113

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue sarcoma and carries a very poor prognosis because of its multifocal and aggressive behaviour. Angiosarcoma most commonly occurs in head and neck region but can involve any organ of the body. This often occurs in elderly males with a male preponderance. It may mimic benign vascular region clinically but as the lesion grows with time it may ulcerate a wedge biopsy provides the diagnosis. Surgical excision is so far described as a best treatment modality and radiation treatment and chemotherapy are used as an adjunct to surgical excision. An excision with positive resection margins on histopathological examination cannot be complemented with the adjuvant radiation therapy and rewide excision needs to be considered as there are always chances for the disease recurrence. Chemotherapeutic agents claim to improve response rates and overall survival in a metastatic angiosarcoma. Molecular researches have shown the presence of biological molecules in the lesion and hence targeted chemotherapeutic agents may prove to be useful in some cases though no randomised trials are there in literature till date to prove the use of targeted agents in angiosacrcoma scalp. Recent animal studies have been shown to have longer progression free survival with the use of combination βadrenergic blocker and metronomic chemotherapy.
Thiamin stability in solids as affected by the glass transition

The stability of thiamin was evaluated in solid polyvinylpyrrolidone model systems as a function of water activity (a(w)) and the glass transition. In the glassy state, thiamin degradation rate constants correlated with the glass transition temperature (T(g)), decreasing as T(g) increased. Above a(w) 0.4, rate constants correlated better with a(w) rather than T(g). However, rate constants decreased in the rubbery state above a(w) 0.4, which could be attributed to glass transition-induced structural collapse. Glass transition effects (mobility considerations, collapse) have a larger effect on thiamin stability than a(w), which should be recognized during the development of fortified food products.
Innovation in the U.S. Government

This paper examines the U.S. government’s intramural research and development efforts over a 40-year period, drawing together multiple human capital, government spending, and patent datasets. The U.S. Federal Government innovates along four dimensions: technological, organizational, regulatory, and policy. After discussing these dimensions, the paper focuses on the inputs to and outputs of government intramural technological innovation. We measure innovative effort and results by accounting for the government scientists and dollars committed to RD the scientific expertise of other agencies is heavily weighted toward mathematics, social sciences, and data analytics. As these latter disciplines’ innovative outputs are less readily catalogued with patents, measuring total government innovative output with government-assigned patents is likely to over-emphasize innovations in engineering and physical sciences while under-reporting intramural innovations in other disciplines. We discuss the implications of our findings for both public- and private-sector innovation efforts and pose questions for future research.
A GCM study of the response of the atmospheric water cycle of West Africa and the Atlantic to Saharan dust radiative forcing

The responses of the atmospheric water cycle and climate of West Africa and the Atlantic to radiative forcing of Saharan dust are studied using the NASA finite volume general circulation model (fvGCM), coupled to a mixed layer ocean. We find evidence of an "elevated heat pump" (EHP) mechanism that underlines the responses of the atmospheric water cycle to dust forcing as follow. During the boreal summer, as a result of large-scale atmospheric feedback triggered by absorbing dust aerosols, rainfall and cloudiness are enhanced over the West Africa/Eastern Atlantic ITCZ, and suppressed over the West Atlantic and Caribbean region. Shortwave radiation absorption by dust warms the atmosphere and cools the surface, while longwave has the opposite response. The elevated dust layer warms the air over West Africa and the eastern Atlantic. As the warm air rises, it spawns a largescale onshore flow carrying the moist air from the eastern Atlantic and the Gulf of Guinea. The onshore How in tuna enhances the deep convection over West Africa land, and the eastern Atlantic. The condensation heating associated with the ensuing deep convection drives and maintains an anomalous large-scale eas€-west overturning circulation with rising motion over West Afrieaieastern Atlantic, and sinking mofion over the Caribbean region. The response also includes a strengthening of the West African monsoon, manifested in a northward shift of the West Africa precipitation over land, increased lose-level westerly flow over West Africa at the southern edge of the dust layer, and a near surface westerly jet underneath the dust layer over the Sahara. The dust radiative forcing also leads to significant changes in surface energy fluxes, resulting in cooling of the West African land and the eastern Atlantic, and warming in the West Atlantic and Caribbean, The EHP effect is most effective for modCorrespondence to: K. M. Lau (william.k.lau (i^ nasa.gov ) erate to highly absorbing dusts, and becomes minimized for reflecting dust with single scattering albedo at 0.95 or higher.
Preliminary Remediation Goals for Terrestrial Wildlife

ABSTRACT Remediation of contaminated sites requires information on upper concentration limits of chemicals in environmental media that are protective of ecological receptors. These upper concentration limits can be considered ecological preliminary remediation goals (EcoPRGs). The motivation for developing EcoPRGs was to provide risk managers with a simple tool for evaluating remedial actions that would be protective of the environment. Hazard quotient calculations used to support ecological screening assessments were modified to derive soil EcoPRGs for terrestrial wildlife populations. The primary modification is a population area use factor that is the fraction of a terrestrial animal population potentially affected by the contaminated site. Wildlife assessment population boundaries are based on a receptor's dispersal distance; for mammals dispersal distance is strongly related to the linear dimension (square root) of home range. Assuming that wildlife are unlikely to disperse beyond some distance from their birth or natal site, dispersal distance can be thought of as the radius of the assessment population's boundaries. This general relationship is useful as a simple way to estimate assessment population areas for terrestrial animals and helps fill data gaps for wildlife without direct measurements of dispersal.
Analysis of Sport Motivation Factors amongst Eastern European Higher Education Students

The annually organized Campus Festival in Debrecen is one of the musical summer festivals in Hungary, which attract masses of people and consider higher education students as their primary target community. Besides musical events, organizers of the Campus Festival put a special emphasis on the promotion of the sports life of the visiting audience. The Campus Sports Festival is organized every year; it aims to popularize sports and sporting activities and to create a social event where students, fans and athletes of Hungarian and foreign (Romanian, Slovakian and Ukrainian) higher education institutions are able to establish relationships with each other. The aim of a questionnaire survey prepared in 2017 was to carry out an assessment of needs, in the scope of which the opinion and demand of higher education students related to sports festivals and leisure sports is surveyed. Present study introduces the sporting habits of higher education students and their motivations related to sports and the sports festival. The analysis was carried out by means of the SPSS software package, while the differences among the countries were studied using Pearson’s Chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney test and Categorical Principal Component Analysis. It was established that higher education students belonging to the sample prefer active entertainment and one of their favourite leisure activities is doing sports and that the scale of values of the surveyed higher education students is mostly influenced by fellow students and friends. It was also found * Corresponding author E-mail addresses: dajnoki.krisztina@econ.unideb. hu (K. Dajnoki), fenyves.veronika@econ.inudeb. hu (V. Fenyves), kerezsi.dora@econ.unideb. hu (D. Kerezsi), bacsne.baba. eva@econ.unideb. hu (É.B. Bácsné) European Journal of Contemporary Education, 2019, 8(4) 762 that for higher education students, health is a more important motivational factor – in relation with sports – than physical appearance.
Isolation of Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora from Abutilon theophrasti in Croatia

During 2000-2003, a weed survey was carried out in fields of soybean, sunflower and sugar beet in Croatia. Abutilon theophrasti Med (velvetleaf), found in soybean fields, showed symptoms of black spots of several centimetres on the stems and side-branches (Fig. 1). A fungus was isolated from stem lesions on PDA and incubated at 25˚ C, with a 12-hour-dark/light regime. On PDA, the fungus quickly formed a dense white mycelium, which later became fluffy. The mycelium was yellow-white at first ; turning yellow-brown later. After 10 days black stromata were produced. These were irregularly shaped, and measured 2-5 mm in diameter. Numerous black perithecia were formed within the stromata (Fig. 2). Ten perithecia, fifty asci and one hundred ascospores were measured. The sizes of perithecia were 200-360 x 295-450 µ m and these had a protruding neck which was highly variable in length (300-1200 µ m). The sizes of the asci were 25.1-42.0 x 4.2-8.3 µ m. The ascospores were two-celled, hyaline, elongate to ellipsoidal, bi-guttulate and constricted at the septum. Their size were 8.0-13.1 x 2.5-4. , 4 µ m. Based on the morphological characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cke. & Ell.) Sacc var. caulivora Athow & Caldwell. A. theophrasti plants were infected in the field, by applying a mycelium plug to the plant stem. The inoculation point was covered with a piece of wet cotton wool and aluminium foil in order to retain moisture. Lesions of 5 to 19 mm long were observed 10 days post infection. Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora was reisolated out of the lesions of inoculated plants, fulfilling Koch’ s postulates. Pathogenicity test was also done on soybean seedlings. Mycelium plugs were put on the hypocotyl, which was previously wounded with a sterile scalpel. After 10 days, the pathogen was reisolated from the stem lesion of inoculated plants. Uninfected control plants did not exhibit any symptoms. To confirm the pathogen identification, molecular analysis was performed. DNA was extracted from a monoconidial culture, and amplified with ITS4 and ITS5 universal primers (White et al., 1990). The ITS was sequenced and submitted to GenBank (accession number AY857867). Comparison of the ITS sequences available in the GenBank database revealed that it was almost identical, with only two deletions in positions 24 and 542, to D. phaseolorum var. caulivora (AJ312360). It is known that weeds can act as a reservoir for infection by D. phaseolorum (Black et al., 1996). A. theophrasti has been recorded before as a host for D. phaseolorum var. sojae (Lehman) Wehmayer (Hepperly et al., 1980) and Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs (Li et al., 2001). Each year in Croatia, the presence of fungi in the Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex can be observed on soybean, but these fungi do not appear to cause great economic damage under local conditions. This is however the first report of A. theophrasti as a host for Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora in Croatia.