Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrocolloid Coatings as a Pre-Frying Treatment in the Production of Low-Fat Banana Chips

Fried foods occupy a large portion of the fast-food market. However, growing consumer health awareness is driving research to minimize the oil content of products. The use of specific barriers such as hydrocolloid coatings can avoid high oil absorption. Herein, the physicochemical characteristics of banana fruit cultivars and the effects of hydrocolloid coatings on the quality attributes of banana chips were evaluated. The unripe fruits were analyzed for length, diameter, mass, pulp/peel ratio, firmness, and color. The pulps were analyzed for moisture, total and reducing sugars, crude fat, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and maturation index. Pulp slices were coated before frying with four hydrocolloid solutions: guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, and maltodextrin. The fruits of the cultivar BRS Platina were larger, with a more yellowish pulp and those of FHIA 18 had smaller lengths and diameters. After frying, higher moisture losses were observed in the control and in the treatment with maltodextrin. Hydrocolloids promoted reductions in oil absorption from 26.54 to 9.14%, in addition to changes in the color and hardness of the chips. A coating pretreatment can be used to produce low-fat banana chips, with better results using guar gum. Our results are useful in expanding the commercialization of fruits that fall easily and the chip coating technology can be applied in snack industries.
Artificial Vision: The High-Frequency Electrical Stimulation of the Blind Mouse Retina Decay Spike Generation and Electrogenically Clamped Intracellular Ca2+ at Elevated Levels

Background: The electrical stimulation (stim) of retinal neurons enables blind patients to experience limited artificial vision. A rapid response outage of the stimulated ganglion cells (GCs) allows for a low visual sensation rate. Hence, to elucidate the underlying mechanism, we investigated different stim parameters and the role of the neuromodulator calcium (Ca2+). Methods: Subretinal stim was applied on retinal explants (blind rd1 mouse) using multielectrode arrays (MEAs) or single metal electrodes, and the GC activity was recorded using Ca2+ imaging or MEA, respectively. Stim parameters, including voltage, phase polarity, and frequency, were investigated using specific blockers. Results: At lower stim frequencies (<5 Hz), GCs responded synaptically according to the stim pulses (stim: biphasic, cathodic-first, −1.6/+1.5 V). In contrast, higher stim frequencies (≥5 Hz) also activated GCs directly and induced a rapid GC spike response outage (<500 ms, MEA recordings), while in Ca2+ imaging at the same frequencies, increased intracellular Ca2+ levels were observed. Conclusions: Our study elucidated the mechanisms involved in stim-dependent GC spike response outage: sustained high-frequency stim-induced spike outage, accompanied by electrogenically clamped intracellular Ca2+ levels at elevated levels. These findings will guide future studies optimizing stim paradigms for electrical implant applications for interfacing neurons.
Efecto de enzimas fibrolíticas glucosiladas en la digestibilidad in vitro de MS y MO de alfalfa (Medicago sativa) y ballico (Lolium perenne)

Este estudio se hizo para evaluar el efecto de enzimas fibroliticas exogenas protegidas por glucosilacion en la degradacion in vitro de materia seca (MS) y materia organica (MO) de alfalfa (Medicago sativa) y ballico (Lolium perenne). Se efectuo la primera fase de Tilley y Terry a 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 72 h de incubacion, utilizando un medio con saliva McDougall y otro con saliva McDougall + liquido ruminal. Se midio la desaparicion neta de los sustratos para comparar el efecto de la enzima fibrolitica en ausencia o presencia de microorganismos ruminales. Las enzimas fibroliticas en combinacion con liquido ruminal incrementaron (P 0,05) en presencia o ausencia de liquido ruminal, pero a las 24 y 48 h la desaparicion neta de MS y MO de alfalfa fue menor (P
Improving endangered species assessments using the Automated Probabilistic Co‐Occurrence Assessment Tool

Improving endangered species assessments using the Automated Probabilistic Co-Occurrence Assessment Tool, by Dunne et al. The Automated Probabilistic Co-Occurrence Assessment Tool (APCOAT) is a publicly available model that provides probabilistic results on the spatial co-occurrence of pesticide usage and species of interest in the continental United States. One benefi t of the model is that the output can be used to rapidly identify threatened and endangered species requiring higher-tier environmental risk assessments. ENDANGERED SPECIES Debates, Dilemmas, and Discoveries (3D) offers rapid publication on compelling and timely issues. Contributions should answer the “so what? ” question and should encourage readers to think, challenge them to do better science, and motivate them to excel in the ways in which they apply science to environmental assessment and management. The feature provides a platform to: report on progress in fi eld and laboratory research explore new or emerging research questions provide opinions and perspectives on a range of environmental topics debate issues spotlight management policies and practices share challenges and insights on biology, chemistry, ecology, engineering and sustainability Guidelines and Submission: Manuscripts should be concise and written for a broad audience of policy makers, scientists, and business professionals. Manuscripts are limited to 1000 words and may include no more than 1 table or fi gure and up to 6 references. Manuscripts are subject to review and approval by the 3D Editors. Submit any questions and manuscripts directly to the 3D Editors (ieam3d@setac.org). In a Nutshell. Debates, Dilemmas, and Discoveries
The Priority Access System for Educational Equity at the University of Chile El sistema de ingreso prioritario de equidad educativa de la Universidad de Chile

As expected due to its mission and the challenges of our society, the University of Chile is undertaking actions to ensure equal opportunity of access, retention and graduation for all students who aspire to be part of the University and who come from different social realities. For this reason, an equity and inclusion policy is being developed that is intended to contribute to the generation of a quality educational environment across the University, to encourage integration, and to foster capacities to live together and be effective in contexts of high diversity. This purpose calls for the design of specific strategies to ensure equal opportunities for all students, while promoting strong collaboration between the fields of academic and student affairs to favor an environment that enhances the development of individuals. This article describes the foundations, characteristics and implementation process of the “Priority Access System for Educational Equity”. This special admission program is aimed at public school graduates from underprivileged backgrounds and is an innovation at the nation level. Abstract
Economics of Dairy Manure Management in Iowa

Dairy producers have many duties to carry out in their dairy operations, one of which is storing, handling and applying manure. Manure handling ends up being a significant cost on most dairies even when considering the value of the nutrients in the manure. Seldom do producers consider their costs of handling and applying manure on a per hundredweight of milk sold basis like they do with many of their other costs.
Deep Sea Ship-Waves

§ 65. Referring to § 63, we must, for the present, as time presses, leave detailed interpretation of the curves of fig. 17: merely remarking that, according to § 44, if δ=0, (which means that J is an integer), the disturbance, d, is infinitely great; of which the dynamical meaning is clear in (70) of § 39.
Climatic adaptation of species and varieties of grass and clover in the West Nordic countries and Sweden

7 Introduction . 8 Material and methods . 9 Results and discussions . 14 Dry matter yield . 14 Cover in spring . 17 Nutritional value . 19 Timothy . 21 Perennial ryegrass . 22 Meadow fescue . 22 Smooth meadow grass . 22 Cocksfoot . 23 Tall fescue and festulolium . 23 Common Bent grass . 24 Red clover . 24 White clover and Alsike clover . 25 Winter tolerance . 26 Latitude . 27 Conclusions . 28 References. 29 Acknowledgements . 31 Appendix 1 – Yield and cover for each site, year and cut . 32 Appendix 2 – Monthly values of temperature and precipitation, site and year . 41 Photographers: Guðni Þorvaldsson (GÞ) Linda Öhlund (LÖ) Liv Østrem (LØ) Sigríður Dalmannsdóttir (SD) Þóroddur Sveinsson (ÞS) Front page photo by SD.
A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE EFFECT OF TRANSFEMORAL PROSTHESIS USE AND AXILLARY CRUTCHES TOWARD THE QUALITY OF LIFE

BACKGROUND : Quality of Life (QOL) is an individual perception of their position in life. Some factors that affected a person’s QOL may be physical condition. Related with this factor, amputation is a form of physical change that has a negative effect on physical, psychological and social life. One way to overcome is rehabilitation program. The program aims to improving mobility and re-integration to community. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of prosthesis and axillary use toward QOL. SUBJECTS AND METHODS : This study was Quasi-Experiment with two-group only by post-test design. Forty individuals with lower limb amputation that using transfemoral prosthesis and axillary crutch in PT Kuspito Prosthetic Orthotic participated in this study. QOL was then measured using the WHOQOL-BREF. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS : Prosthesis users overall QOL and health scores were 3.8824 and axillary crutch users scores were 3.8696 and 3.9130. Prosthesis users scored significantly higher on all QOL domains. Statistically, there were differences in QOL domains of prosthesis and axillary crutch users, with score in physical health (p = 0.018), psychological (p = 0.017), social relationship (p = 0.026) and environment (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION : There are differences in the quality of life in the environmental domain between groups using transfemoral prosthesis and axillary crutches. In the environmental domain, the use of transfemoral prosthesis is more influential in improving the quality of life.
SPECIAL ISSUE Innovation and Sustainability of Agri-Food System in the Mediterranean Area

To achieve sustainability, agricultural insurance is one of the main tools capable of reducing the vulnerability of farmers. This is the reason it is important to investigate the different factors that affect the farmers’ agricultural insurance decision-making. The paper, using Regional panel data from Italy Regions and the GMM dynamic panel data model, examines the effect of different group variables on agricultural insurance decision making: risk perception and management, agricultural insurance recognition, trust and affordability. The aim of this paper is: (1) to analyze, through a systematic literature review, which are the main problems regarding agricultural insurance diffusion, (2) to measure which category of variables influences agricultural insurance adoption, (3) to provide different policy solutions to improve the diffusion of agricultural insurance in Italy. The results show that agricultural insurance affordability, risk perception and management are the major influencing factors; a possible solution to improve the agricultural insurance demands would be to raise household net income and find an alternative solution to subsidies.
Evidence for elevated coastal vulnerability following large‐scale historical oyster bed harvesting

Living coastal barriers, such as coral reefs, tidal marshes, mangroves and shellfish beds are widely recognized for their potential role in mitigating flood risk. Limited data exists, however, for assessing the effectiveness of these natural defenses as forms of flood mitigation. In particular, very few mature shellfish beds exist today for modern study due to their destruction in the past few centuries. As an alternative method of study, we present here sedimentary reconstructions of storm overwash from coastal ponds internal to New York Harbor. We use these reconstructions to show that the initial degradation of oyster beds following European settlement of the area coincides with a significant increase in wave‐derived overwash deposition at all three of our field sites. Numerical simulations of two flood events of record in the harbor (Hurricane Sandy and a severe winter storm in 1992) were run without and with oyster beds of varying heights (1 m above the seafloor‐to‐intertidal). Simulations show that the removal of these oyster beds increases wave energy directly off‐shore of our field sites by between 30% and 200%. Sedimentary reconstructions and wave modeling experiments therefore both support oyster beds serving as a significant form of coastal protection prior to European disturbance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning from Prices: Public Communication and Welfare

We study the effect of releasing public information about productivity or monetary shocks when agents learn from nominal prices. While public releases have the benefit of providing new information, they can have the cost of reducing the informational efficiency of the price system. We show that, when agents have private information about monetary shocks, the cost can dominate, in that public releases increase uncertainty about fundamentals. In some cases, public releases can create or eliminate multiple equilibria. Our results are robust to adding velocity shocks, imperfectly observable prices, large idiosyncratic shocks, and introducing a bond market.
Fisher Digital

Abstract In chickens, food consumption can be altered by exposing the chicks to scents as embryos. We exposed eggs to an orange-scented food additive in the final days of incubation. Following hatching, we tested these exposed chicks’ ability to detect this scent at a variety of concentrations. We found that orange-exposed chicks responded to an orange-scented solution at lower concentrations than control chicks. This sensitization may allow chicks to be more effective at locating acceptable food items but requires further testing to determine its significance. Orange-exposed and control chicks were also tested with the scent of raspberry. Orange-exposed chicks responded to the raspberry presentation significantly more than the control chicks did, suggesting that the embryonic exposure to orange may have influenced how the chicks responded towards another fruity smell. This result suggests that chicks may be learning general characteristics of exposed scents while in the egg, though this needs further research
Long‐term variations in the occurrence and effective solar transmission of clouds as determined from surface‐based total irradiance observations

Time series of cloud solar transmission and cloud occurrence frequency are developed for the past 27 years at four globally remote and climatically diverse surface locations. A new methodology is developed that objectively segregates times of cloud-free conditions from those times when clouds are detected in high-time-resolution total solar irradiance observations that are obtained from pyranometers. The methodology for cloud detection depends on the magnitude and short-term variability of observed departures from clear-sky conditions. Expected clear-sky irradiances are based on interpolated clear-sky observations. Results of the new cloud detection methodology are compared to four independent cloud detection methods. An effective cloud transmission is determined as the ratio of observed irradiance in the presence of clouds to that expected in the absence of clouds. Selective forward scattering by clouds toward the observation site results in computed effective transmissions frequently being >1.0. It is shown that conditional temporal averaging of effective cloud transmission over periods of three days or more virtually eliminates the unrealistic cloud transmissions exceeding 1.0. Such temporal averaging of the surface measurements is advantageous for comparing against other area-wide cloud transmission estimates, such as those determined from satellite or by numerical climate models. The cloud occurrence frequency and themore » effective solar transmission for long-term observational records are summarized into monthly and annual averages, and their long-term variability is investigated. Temporal variations in frequency distributions of transmission are used to determine which clouds are responsible for changes in mean cloudiness. A statistically significant upward trend in cloud occurrence frequency, from 76% to 82% between 1976 and 2001, is detected at Barrow, Alaska, where clouds having solar transmission near 0.2 exhibit the largest increase. At the South Pole, decadal time scale oscillations in both cloud characteristics are detected, but no particular cloud category is identified as the source of that oscillation. « less
Glioblastoma with Oligodendroglioma Component (GBMO) in an Adolescent CASE REPORT

Background: Glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma component (GBMO) is a recently classified subtype of glioblastoma, which carries different clinical and prognostic outcomes, being frequently misdiagnosed. Both glioblastoma and GBMO are mainly seen in older ages, such as the 5th and 6th decades of life, being an extremely rare occurrence in children or adolescents and more frequent in male patients.
Idaho's Forest Resources,2004-2009

This report presents a summary of the most recent inventory information for Idaho's forest lands. The report includes descriptive highlights and tables of area, number of trees, biomass, volume, growth, mortality, and removals. Most of the tables are organized by forest type, species, diameter class, or owner group. The report also describes inventory design, inventory terminology, and data reliability. Results show that Idaho's forest land totals 21.4 million acres. Nearly 76 percent (16.2 million acres) of this forest land is administered by the USDA Forest Service. Douglas-fir forests cover almost 6.3 million acres or roughly 29 percent of Idaho's forested lands, making it the most abundant forest type in the State. The lodgepole pine type is the second-most common type comprising 11.5 percent of Idaho's forest land. In terms of number of individual trees, subalpine fir is the single most abundant tree species in Idaho. Net annual growth of all live trees 5.0 inches diameter and greater on Idaho forest land totaled 376.2 million cubic feet. Average annual mortality totaled nearly 814.6 million cubic feet.
A 40‐year climatological study of relative vorticity distribution over the Mediterranean

A climatological study of the spatial and temporal distribution of mean relative geostrophic vorticity over the Mediterranean region is examined for a period of 40 years (1958–1997). Two major cyclonic vorticity maxima are found in the Mediterranean at low levels, one covers the Gulf of Genoa and south Italy and the second is located over the southeastern Aegean Sea with different diurnal and seasonal characteristics, controlling cyclone formation. At upper levels, a large scale cyclonic vorticity zone covers the whole Mediterranean region with notably increased values at 300 hPa, being associated with jet stream dynamics, especially in the eastern Mediterranean. The seasonal changes of the horizontal vorticity distribution substantially reduce with height while the diurnal changes become unimportant at upper levels. Furthermore, the investigation of the vertical vorticity structure separately for the main cyclonic centres in the Mediterranean implies the different mechanisms that are responsible for cyclone formation in the western and eastern basin. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
UvA-DARE (Digital Detecting and disrupting criminal networks

Objective: Social network analysis (SNA) is conquering its place in criminological tradecraft, with an emphasis on conceptual contributions in current Dutch criminology. Meanwhile, the domain of criminal investigation and intelligence witnesses the emergence of a flourishing SNA practice. The academic and investigative domains have largely remained separated, with analysts borrowing from cutting-edge methodological scholarship while giving little in return. Their classified products remain inaccessible to academic researchers. This article endeavors to bridge the two worlds. Method: Systematic review of SNA studies aimed at various criminal networks. These studies are performed by law enforcement analysts working for the Dutch Police. Additionally a survey was taken from the responsible analysts about the use of SNA within their professional environment. Results and conclusions: Although it has much potential, an important limitation of SNA is that it mainly provides a static observation of a dynamical phenomenon. Subsequently the application of SNA has mostly been limited to criminal networks observed on a micro-level. For more deliberate targeting of criminal networks we need a better understanding of its macroscopic patterns of resilience and the dynamics that fuels its typical complex adaptation over time. of SNA for selecting key Figures suitable for interventions during project preparation, as well as for finding new potential informants and identifying hard-core members among soccer hooligans and juvenile crime groups. SNA allows for much quicker analysis of extensive network data compared to traditional methods.
Comparison of anterior segment parameters between pediatric and adult keratoconus groups

Aim: To determine differences in anterior segment measurements between pediatric and adult keratoconus groups using Scheimpflug imaging system. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 133 patients with keratoconus and 101 healthy controls. Subjects were grouped as pediatric and adult. Differences in anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), pachymetry, corneal volume (CV) and maximum keratometry (Kmax) were sought between the age-based subgroups. Results: Right eyes of the 133 keratoconus patients (56 pediatrics and 77 adults) and 101 healthy controls (41 pediatrics and 60 adults) were reviewed. Pediatric subgroups had significantly higher ACD and ACV compared to those of the adult subgroups in both groups (p<0.05). On the other hand, pediatric and adult keratoconus patients had significantly higher ACD than in the age (subgroup) matched controls (p< 0.05). In the pediatric keratoconus subgroup, eyes with stage 3 keratoconus had significantly deeper ACD than in the eyes with stage 2 keratoconus (p<0.05). However, in the adult group, only corneal parameters were significantly lower in eyes with stage 3 keratoconus compared to those of the eyes with stage 2 keratoconus (p<0.05). Conclusion: Anterior chamber measurements appear to be altered by aging in both keratoconus and control groups, whereas eyes with keratoconus in all age subgroups appear to have a deeper AC than in the age-matched normals. Moreover, an increase in ACD in pediatric keratoconus might be indicative of progression. However, in the adult keratoconus, corneal parameters appear to decrease with keratoconus progression.