Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LONGEVIDADE DO BICUDO DO ALGODOEIRO ANTHONOMUS GRANDIS BOH., CRIADO EM HOSPEDEIRAS ALTERNATIVAS NO LABORATÓRIO*

Hibiscus tiliaceus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Hibiscus schizopetalus, Malvaviscus arboreus and Abutilon striatum were available as alternate feeding sources and the weevils feeding on Hibiscus showed greater longevity, mainly H. tiliaceus. This species is able to maintain weevils alive for a mean of 131.6 days and this fact gives to H. tiliaceus a big importance as an alternate feeding plant for boll weevil survival during the cotton-free period. For M. arboreus and A. striatum the males lived, at maximum, respectively, 42 and 17 days while for females the values found were 95 and 50 days.
Flawed evidence supporting the Metabolic Theory of Ecology may undermine goals of ecosystem-based fishery management: the case of invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish in the western Atlantic

Flawed evidence supporting the Metabolic Theory of Ecology may undermine goals of ecosystem-based fishery management: the case of invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish in the western Atlantic Diego Valderrama* and KathrynAnn H. Fields School of Management, Universidad de los Andes, Calle 21 No. 1-20, Bogot a, Colombia Bush School of Government & Public Service, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA *Corresponding author: tel: þ57-1-339-4949 (Ext. 4891); fax: þ57-1-332-4551; e-mail: d.valderrama@uniandes.edu. co.
Genetic and environmental effects on scores of conformation, precocity and muscling in long yearling Nellore cattle

Os escores visuais de conformacao (C), precocidade (P) e musculosidade (M) sao usados para acessar indiretamente caracteristicas relacionadas a terminacao e composicao de carcaca. Neste estudo, objetivou-se analisar como a idade da vaca ao parto (AC), idade (YA) e peso do animal ao sobreano (YW) influenciam os escores de bovinos da raca Nelore, alem de estimar suas herdabilidades. Foram estimadas funcoes de regressao dos efeitos de AC, YA e YW sobre os escores C, P e M, apos a absorcao do efeito de grupo de contemporâneos (CG). As herdabilidades foram estimadas por maxima verossimilhanca restrita, considerando-se quatro diferentes modelos que incluiram o efeito genetico aditivo de animal como aleatorio, e diferentes covariaveis (AC, YA e YW) como efeitos fixos. Nas analises de regressao, as covariaveis, tanto linear como quadratica, influenciaram significativamente os escores C, P e M. Os coeficientes de determinacao dos modelos para YA e AC foram de pequena magnitude, provavelmente devido a absorcao do efeito de CG. As estimativas de herdabilidade para os escores variaram de 0,13 a 0,36 para C, de 0,32 a 0,36 para P, e de 0,35 a 0,38 para M, considerando todos os modelos utilizados, indicando que C, P e M respondem a selecao direta. A classificacao dos animais de acordo com seus valores geneticos, principalmente em relacao a C, variou de acordo com os efeitos de ambiente incluidos nos modelos. s.
Change in Numbers of Resident and Migratory Shorebirds at the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, Puerto Rico, USA (1985–2014)

Abstract. North American migratory shorebirds have declined markedly since the 1980s, underscoring the importance of population surveys to conduct status and trend assessments. Shorebird surveys were conducted during three multi-year periods between 1985 and 2014 and used to assess changes in numbers and species composition at the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, Puerto Rico, USA, a site of regional importance in the eastern Caribbean. Eight fewer species (total = 21) were recorded in 2013–2014 as compared to the 29 from 1985–1992; all eight species were Nearctic migrants. Small calidrids had the highest population counts; however, this suite of species and all others experienced a ≥ 70% decline. Combined counts from the salt flats and neighboring wetlands in 2013–2014 were lower than counts only from the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats in two previous multi-year survey periods, which indicated a real change in numbers not just a shift in wetland use. Invertebrate prey density was lower in 2013–2014 than in 1994. Body fat condition of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla), an index of habitat quality, did not differ between 1985–1992 and 2013–2014. These findings do not exclude the possibility that other species might be affected by lower prey density, or that local declines in numbers reflect changes at hemispheric, not local, scales. The magnitude of change between local and hemispheric scales closely matched for some species. Continued monitoring at the salt flats is warranted to help gauge the status of shorebirds in Puerto Rico and discern the probable cause of declines. Monitoring other sites in the Caribbean is needed for stronger inferences about regional status and trends.
Protective effect of green tea extract on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats

Doxorubicin induces oxidative stress leading to cardiotoxicity causing electrocardiogram abnormalities and increases in biomarkers associated with toxicity. Green tea extract (GTE) is reported to possess antioxidant activity mainly via its polyphenolic constituent, catechins. This study was intended to determine the effect of various doses of GTE (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day p.o. for 30 days) on doxorubicin-induced electrocardiographic and biochemical changes in rat heart. The latter included lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase in serum and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione, as well as membrane bound enzymes like and decreased lipid peroxidation in heart tissue Results demonstrated that rats which received GTE were less susceptible to such changes indicating protection afforded by GTE.
Proteomische Identifizierung und Charakterisierung Tumor-spezifischer Biomarker

In der vorliegenden kumulativen Habilitationsschrift wurde durch den Einsatz einer technischen Triade, die Gewebemikrodissektion, SELDI-Massenspektrometrie und Immunhistochemie beinhaltet, die Identifizierung potentielle Tumormarker-Kandidaten aus verschiedenen Tumorentitaten beschrieben. Das Auftreten dieser Biomarker wurde anschliesend in Seren evaluiert. Zusatzlich wurden Interaktionspartner dieser Biomarker unter in vivo Bedingungen ermittelt und die biologische Bedeutung dieser Proteinkomplexe aufgeklart.
Correlation between Extracellular Enzymes and Virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila

Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen which causes the hemorrhagic sep-ticemia of fish. This study examined the influence of extracellular enzymes of the bacteria in fish and mouse cells in vitro. The plasmid containing dcoxyribonuclcasc (DNase) geneor lipase gene or protease gene from A. hydrophila was transformed into Escherichia coli. After these E. coli were cultured for 12 hours, the supernatant was analysed for enzymeactivity and was examined for its cytotoxic effect on cell lines of milkfish Chanos chanosand mouse fibroblast. The results showed that fish cells died after exposed to the culture supernatant of A. hydrophila for 6 hr. However, cells treated with the culture supernatant of E. coil containing DNase or lipase gene showed little change, while cells treated with the culture supernatant of E. coil containing protcase gene showed some morphological change with the appearance of small spots. The similar effect was also observed on mouse fibroblast cells treated with cloned protease. Therefore, it is suggested that DNase or lipase has little contribution on the virulence of the bacteria, while protease does. Nevertheless, protease is not the sole virulence factor. It has to interact with other factors to be effective.
Interferon α/β mediates early virus-induced expression of H-2D and H-2K in the central nervous system

Cells of the central nervous system (CNS) normally do not express detectable levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I antigens. However, MHC Class I expression can be induced after virus infection. We tested the hypothesis that virus-induced Class I expression is mediated by lymphocytes or cytokines using lymphocyte- and cytokine-deficient mice. We used Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), which induces CNS demyelination that maps genetically to the D region of MHC Class I and is associated with high levels of Class I products. TMEV infection of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and recombination activation gene-1-deficient mice, which lack B and T lymphocytes, resulted in equivalent H-2D and H-2K expression in brain and spinal cord, according to analysis of the area and intensity of immunoperoxidase staining. Class I antigens were demonstrated as early as 6 hours after infection, and they were more widely distributed than viral RNA, indicating that expression was induced indirectly via a soluble factor. To determine whether cytokines induced the expression, we infected mice lacking receptors for interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta R (-/-)), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma R(-/-)), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFRp55(-/-)). TMEV-infected IFN-gamma R(-/-) and TN-FRp55(-/-) mice expressed Class I antigens in the CNS, whereas IFN-alpha/beta R(-/-) mice did not, establishing that IFN-alpha/beta mediated the expression. In contrast to the equivalent expression in SCID mice, we observed greater area and higher intensity of H-2D versus H-2K antigens in infected SCID mice reconstituted with normal spleen cells. Collectively, the data indicate that after TMEV infection, early generalized MHC Class I expression is mediated by IFN-alpha/beta independently of lymphocytes, but the differential regulation of H-2D over H-2K may be controlled by B and/or T lymphocytes.
Heat- and cold-stress suppresses in vivo and in vitro cellular immune responses of chickens.

: The influence of hot and cold ambient temperatures on cellular immune responses of chickens was assessed, utilizing dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact sensitivity, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test, and PHA-stimulated, whole blood lymphocyte transformation assays. Dinitrofluorobenzene- and PHA-induced wattle swelling were reduced (P less than 0.05) in birds exposed to air temperatures of 36 degrees C for 1 C for 5 days when compared with wattle swelling in chickens maintained at 26 C. The PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation, as measured by tritiated thymidine uptake, was also suppressed (P less than 0.05) in chickens exposed to either heat or cold stress for 5 days. Some breed differences were observed. These data demonstrated that chronic heat and cold stress impaired expression of contact sensitivity in vivo and proliferation of T lymphocytes in vitro in the avian species. Synthesis of antibodies to sheep RBC on day 5 after antigen injection was not altered (P greater than 0.05) when birds were vaccinated 24 hours before the start of thermal stress. This indicated that B cell and T-helper cell functions were not compromised by chronic thermal stress. However, New Hampshire birds that were heat-stressed had higher (P less than 0.05) antibody titers than control birds 10 days after vaccination.
Meiotic behaviour and B chromosomes in Argentine populations of Chrysolaena verbascifolia (Vernonieae: Asteraceae)

Abstract Four populations of Chrysolaena verbascifolia (Vernonieae: Asteraceae) from localities in Argentina were cytologically analysed for meiotic behaviour and pollen viability. This is the first meiotic analysis in the species. All were diploids with 2n = 2x = 20 and all showed quite regular meiotic behaviour. We also report the occurrence of accessory chromosomes in all the populations of the species. The majority of the populations displayed regular bivalent formation during late prophase stages and metaphase I, and chromosome segregation at anaphase. However, some chromosomal irregularities were recorded, mainly during meiosis I, including univalents, out-of-plate chromosomes and precocious segregation in metaphase, and laggards and chromatin bridges in anaphase. The B chromosomes and abnormal behaviours of the chromosomes during meiosis observed did not affect pollen development in these taxa, as viability was always high.
Evaluating Fertilizer Influence on Overwintering Survival and Growth of Sedum Species in a Fall-installed Green Roof

Vegetation success on green roofs in northern climates is challenged by extreme weather conditions, especially in winter, and is influenced by season of installation and substrate fertility. Appropriate fertilization with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) can reduce winter injury for some plant species. The objectives of this study were to identify both the effect of P and K fertilizer rates on Sedum spp. survival over the first winter and the response of Sedum spp. growth to fertilizer rates when applied at installation. In a fall-installed extensive green roof system, survival, growth, and visual appearance of Sedum mats in non-fertilized plots (control) were compared with plots fertilized with 16- 6-13 POLYONHomogenous NPK plus Minors 3-4 month controlled-release fertilizer at 20.0 g nitrogen (N)/m 2 either alone or with additional P to total 28.8, 54.4, or 80.0 g P/m 2 or K to total 32.5, 51.6, or 70.6 g K/m 2 . Sedum mats were installed on 8 Oct. 2010 and plants in all plots survived the winter and the next year. During the 2011 growing season, vegetative coverage was not significantly different among any individual fertilized treatments; however, vegetative coverage data combined for all fertilized treatments was larger than the control. Fertilized treatments also showed larger plant height and biomass after one year, taller S. acre and S. sexangulare inflorescences, increased leaf greenness, and higher visual appearance rankings compared with the control. For individual Sedum species, S. album showed the greatest coverage in P-fertilized treatments, and effects on S. acre and S. sexangulare were treatment-dependent. Application of a controlled-release N-P-K fertilizer, without additional P or K, can be used to encourage vegetative coverage, plant growth, leaf greenness, inflorescence height, and visual appearance in fall-installed extensive Sedum green roof systems.
Structural Studies on the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genome During Latency in Tissue Culture Cells

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has the pathogenic property of establishing latency during primary infection of man. Following the primary infection at a peripheral site, virions travel via the axons to the neuronal cell bodies in sensory or autonomic ganglia where latency is established and maintained. The virus can be reactivated, return down the axon to the periphery, replicate, be shed and transmitted to other individuals. This gives rise to clinically important recurrent disease, namely herpes labialis, keratitis, uveitis and genitalis. Reactivation is of increasing importance in immunocompromised individuals. Encephalitis, presumed to be due to reactivation of latent virus from the trigeminal ganglion, is the most serious manifestation with a mortality rate of about 50% if untreated and considerable morbidity in half of the survivors.
REPRODUCTION IN THE BUNCH GRASS LIZARD, SCELOPORUS SCALARIS

The reproductive cycle of Sceloporus scalaris at an elevation of 2600 m in the Chiri- cahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, USA was determined from mark-recapture studies and autopsy of 129 9 9 and 47 S S. Females were oviparous. Vitellogenesis began in early April and oviposition was complete by mid-August. Corpora adiposa became progressively smaller during ovar- ian follicle and oviducal egg development. Females matured in 8-9 months at 47 mm snout-vent length, and produced a single clutch of about 6 eggs. Older (and larger) 9 9 produced a single clutch of about 11 eggs but began reproductive activity slightly earlier in the season than yearling 9 9. Such marked differences in fecundity in 1st and 2nd-year oviparous 9 9 have not been previously reported. Egg size in yearling and older 9 9 was similar. Sceloporus scalaris retain eggs within the oviduct at least 50 days. Most 9 9 probably hold their eggs somewhat longer. This phenomenon may represent a condition intermediate to oviparity and viviparity. The S reproductive cycle was determined by gross and histological examinations of testes. Males were in full breeding condition in April and May (seminiferous tubule lumina contained sperm) but became reproductively dormant by mid-June. Spermatogenic activity resumed in August and Septem- ber. Corpora adiposa during May and June represented < 1% of the total body wt in 8 8 but in- creased to a high of 5% in February prior to sperm production. Maximum testicular and ovarian ac- tivity occurred at the same times. Sceloporus scalaris, although early maturing, possess several life history characteristics similar to those of late maturing species such as a higher reproductive effort per clutch, single broodedness, and a reduced courtship, aggressive, and territorial behavior.
CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF FIVE CHINESE SPECIES OF SOLMS-LAUBACHIA1 (BRASSICACEAE)

The karyotypes of five species of Solms-laubachia (Brassicaceae) from Hengduan Mountains (Sichuan and Yunnan provinces) are investigated for the first time. The karyotype formulas of S. minor, S.eurycarpa, S. pulcherrima, and S. linearifolia are the same and all have 2n=14=6m+6sm+2st, whereas that of S.retropilosa is 2n=28=12m+12sm+4st. The first four species are diploids, the last is tetraploid, and the base numberfor Solms-laubachia is x=7.
Medición Testicular en Sementales de Raza Caballo Chileno Enteros y Castrados Unilateralmente

The aim of this study was to determine the testicular size and to estimate the daily sperm production (DSP) in entire and unilaterally castrated males of the Chilean Horse breed. Sixty one (31 entire and 30 unilaterally castrated) stallions, with ages between 3 and 20 years of age were studied. A scrotal caliper was used to measure height, width and length of testicles. Testicular volume (TV) was calculated and DSP was estimated using formulae proposed by Sertich (2011). Testicular measures in entire stallions were larger than expected and without statistical difference between testicles. The estimated DSP in entire stallions was 7.67 ± 2.32 x 109 spermatozoa. There were no differences in size related to the remaining testicle in unilaterally castrated stallions, but height, width and TV were larger than in entire stallions (p<0.05). DSP in unilaterally castrated stallions was 5.13 ± 1.84 x 109 spermatozoa, and it was a 33% lower compared to entire males (p<0.0001). Results obtained allow concluding that testicular measures in Chilean Horse stallions are larger than expected for their body size.
Effect of Argentine ant invasions on Japanese ant fauna in Hiroshima Prefecture, Western Japan: A preliminary report (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Effects of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile on the resident ant fauna were investigated in Hiroshima Prefecture, western Japan. Argentine ants are widespread in lowland areas of Hatsukaichi City and westernmost Hiroshima City. The Argentine ant invasion has remarkably reduced species richness of resident ants. Among 11 common epigeic species, nine species were vulnerable to Argentine ants, whereas Paratrechina sakurae and Camponotus vitiosus appeared less affected by this invasion.
Effect of Postharvest Moisture Stress on the Keeping Qualities of Douglas-fir Christmas Trees

On placement of their freshly cut bases in water, cut douglas-fir Christmas trees, which had dried to −2.0 or −3.0 MPa, rehydrated to about −1.0 MPa within 24 hr, and limited needle loss occurred as their water potential gradually decreased to − 6.0 MPa during display. Only 90% and 75% of the trees, dried to water potentials of −4.0 or −5.0 MPa, respectively, rehydrated when placed in water, and water potentials of these trees increased to −1.9 and −2.8 MPa, respectively. About 40% of the trees dried to −4.0 or −5.0 MPa exhibited severe needle loss, characterized by complete abscission of fresh-appearing needles from the stem within a few days of rehydration. These data indicate that douglas-fir has a threshold water potential between − 3.0 and − 4.0 MPa. When trees were allowed to dry to or below this threshold, tree quality was significantly reduced.
Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Crops (Zea mays L., Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Medicinal Plants (Hyssopus officinalis L., Nigella sativa L.), and Weeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L., Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg) Exposed to SiO2 Nanoparticles

In this research, two field crops (Zea mays L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L.), two medicinal plants (Hyssopus officinalis L. and Nigella sativa L.) and two weeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg) were separately treated with three concentrations of SiO 2 nanoparticles (400, 2,000, and 4,000 mg L -1 ). The effects of these treatments on morphological and biochemical characteristics of the plants were assessed, including germination, root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh weight, root and shoot dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates, total protein, total amino acid, and proline content. In the crops and medicinal plants, 400 mg L -1 SiO 2 NPs significantly increased seed germination, root and shoot lengths, fresh weights (except for H. officinalis ) and dry weights, photosynthetic pigments, total protein, and total amino acid (except for H. officinalis ). In weeds, as SiO 2 NP concentration increased from 400 to 4,000 mg L -1 , germination, root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weights, and photosynthetic pigments as well as total protein decreased. Total carbohydrates in all plants decreased significantly, except for A. retroflexus at 400 mg L -1 SiO 2 NPs. In all plant species, with increasing SiO 2 NP concentration, proline content increased significantly. According to these results, a lower concentration of SiO 2 NPs can have beneficial effects on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of plants.
Influence of the addition of exogenous xylanase with or without pre-incubation on the in vitro ruminal fermentation of three fibrous feeds

The effects of the exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (ENZ) commercial preparation Dyadic® xylanase PLUS (Dyadic International, Inc., Jupiter, USA), containing endo-1,4-β-d-xylanase, on ruminal fermentation of maize stover, oat straw, and sugarcane bagasse were examined using the in vitro gas production (GP) technique. The ENZ commercial preparation was added at 0 (control), 60 (low), 120 (medium), and 240 (high) μg/g dry matter of substrate, and at two times of application (direct addition just before fermentation or with a 72-h pre-incubation before fermentation). Ruminal GP volumes were recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 24, and 48 h of incubation, and substrate degradability and concentration of fermentation end-products (volatile fatty acids, ammonia, methane) in the cultures were determined at 48 h of incubation. Increased (P < 0.05) GP volume was observed in fibrous feeds treated with ENZ compared with untreated substrates. The pre-incubation vs the direct addition of ENZ resulted in greater GP volume (P < 0.05) with the three tested feeds. Enzyme addition decreased (P < 0.05) rumen pH compared to control when maize stover and sugarcane bagasse were incubated. Ammonia-N and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were not affected (P > 0.05) by ENZ application in maize stover and oat straw. However, total and individual VFA concentrations, and CH4 and CO2 volumes were greater (P < 0.05) when sugarcane bagasse was incubated with 240 μg ENZ/g (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that the application of endo-1,4-β-d-xylanase enhances rumen fermentation of roughages, although the magnitude of the effects depends on the fibrous substrate fermented, the time of application, and the amount of enzyme added.