Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the initial , fast Sea-Surface Height decay of Agulhas ring ‘ ‘ Astrid ’ ’

The early Sea-Surface Height (SSH) decay of an Agulhas ring is studied using a circular symmetric, equivalent barotropic idealization of ring Astrid, which was measured during the first MARE-cruise. Observations indicate that the SSH of Agulhas rings most rapidly decays just after shedding. It is found that the observed initial fast decay of ring Astrid can be recovered by a numerical model and that a mixed baroclinic/barotropic instability accounts for most of the observed decay of SSH. In addition, a series of numerical experiments is presented in which the effects on the decay of ring strength, barotropic component, diameter, radial profile, b; and cooling were investigated. In all cases discussed, rings are linearly unstable to an m 1⁄4 2 mode. The evolution of the first 10 days is well predicted by a linear stability analysis. Further growth of the m 1⁄4 2 mode leads in most cases to split-up of the ring. The SSH decay of the rings is associated with a conversion from available potential energy of the parent ring to kinetic energy of nearly barotropic higher modes. Most of the energy release is associated with the m 1⁄4 2 mode. Also, the parent ring features an energy conversion from its barotropic to its baroclinic components. A strong barotropic component associated with a corotating ring is essential for SSH decay to occur. Counterrotating rings may feature SSH increase by energy conversion from the baroclinic to the barotropic component. For corotating rings SSH decay becomes weaker when the instability develops less vigorous. The simulation of ring Astrid shows that tracer loss from the core scales well with the decay of SSH. In the thermocline the associated mixing of fluid occurs preferably at the extremes of the elongating ring. At the deepest levels mixing is associated with dispersion through Rossby-wave radiation. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Quantitative Interprocedural Analysis

We consider the quantitative analysis problem for interprocedural control-flow graphs (ICFGs). The input consists of an ICFG, a positive weight function that assigns every transition a positive integer-valued number, and a labelling of the transitions (events) as good, bad, and neutral events. The weight function assigns to each transition a numerical value that represents a measure of how good or bad an event is. The quantitative analysis problem asks whether there is a run of the ICFG where the ratio of the sum of the numerical weights of good events versus the sum of weights of bad events in the long-run is at least a given threshold (or equivalently, to compute the maximal ratio among all valid paths in the ICFG). The quantitative analysis problem for ICFGs can be solved in polynomial time, and we present an efficient and practical algorithm for the problem. We show that several problems relevant for static program analysis, such as estimating the worst-case execution time of a program or the average energy consumption of a mobile application, can be modeled in our framework. We have implemented our algorithm as a tool in the Java Soot framework. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with two case studies. First, we show that our framework provides a sound approach (no false positives) for the analysis of inefficiently-used containers. Second, we show that our approach can also be used for static profiling of programs which reasons about methods that are frequently invoked. Our experimental results show that our tool scales to relatively large benchmarks, and discovers relevant and useful information that can be used to optimize performance of the programs.
Collective Behavior of Dynamic Swarm with General Topology and Complex Communication Time-Delays

This paper presents a complex interaction delayed swarm model with a general topology to study the collective behavior of a group of autonomous agents using the nearest neighbor rulers in the presence of communication delays. It is proved that under certain conditions the swarm members will converge to a finite region around the swarm weighted center and move together in a cohesive cluster following the motion of the weighted center. For general cases, the delayed swarm may display more complex dynamics, including oscillation and divergence, depending on the delay values. This suggests that the time delay may have significant consequence in the collective dynamics of swarms.
Remote sensing image data enhancement based on robust inverse diffusion equation for agriculture applications

Remote sensing image data enhancement is a very important preprocessing step in imaging system for agriculture applications. In this paper, after demonstrating the equivalence of the sharpening by the Laplacian to inverse heat equation processing, a robust inverse diffusion equation is presented, which sharpens image details by a robust Laplacian. Image gradient magnitude is used to avoid the noise magnification. At the same time, the minmod function is used to control diffusion flux adaptively, which eliminates effectively overshoots inherent in the Laplacian. Experimental results demonstrate that this algorithm can enhance important details of image data effectively without overshoots, affording the opportunity for a good interpretation and subsequent processing.
A management capacity assessment of selected coral reef marine protected areas in the Caribbean

2 List of Figures . 5 List of Acronyms . 7 Executive Summary . 9 How to Use This Report . 14 Background . 15 Purpose . 15 Assessment Objectives . 15 Gap Analysis . 15 Geographic Scope. 17 Methods . 19 Note on Methodology . 26 Regional Summary Results . 28 MPA Management Capacity Priority Needs . 28 Current MPA Management Capacity . 29 Priority Capacity Building Approaches . 39 Summary Conclusions and Lessons Learned . 40 Site Assessment Results . 41 The Bahamas . 42 Andros Barrier Reef National Park . 43 Pelican Cay Land and Sea Park . 52 South Berry Islands Marine Reserve . 61 Belize . 69 Port Honduras Marine Reserve . 70 Half Moon Caye and Blue Hole Natural Monuments . 76 South Water Caye Marine Reserve . 82 British Virgin Islands . 89 Hans Creek Fisheries Protected Area . 90 Horseshoe Reef Fisheries Protected Area . 96 Wreck of the Rhone Marine Park. 102 Dutch Caribbean Saba and St Eustatius . 110 Saba Marine Park . 111 St Eustatius National Marine Park . 120 Grenada . 128 Molinière/Beauséjour Marine Protected Area . 129 Sandy Island Oyster Bed Marine Protected Area . 138 Honduras . 146 Monumento Natural Marino Archipiélago Cayos Cochinos . 147 Zona de Protección Especial Marina Sandy Bay West End . 153 Zona de Protección Especial Marina Turtle Harbour – Rock Harbour . 160 Mexico . 167 Parque Nacional Arrecife Alacranes . 168
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Oncoprotein Represses Transcription of Human Fibronectin

The E7 oncoprotein encoded by human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 repressed the transcription of fibronectin, a key component of the extracellular matrix. This repression, detected in several HPV-positive nontumorigenic and tumorigenic cell lines, was abolished when the Cys-X-X-Cys repeats in E7 were disrupted.
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Background: Despite a growing literature on the efficacy of behavioral weight loss interventions, we still know relatively little about the long terms effects they have on HRQL. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the immediate post-intervention (6 months) and long-term (12 and 24 months) effects of clinically based weight management programs on HRQL. Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial in which all participants completed a 6 month clinical weight loss program and were randomized into two 6-month extended care groups. Participants then returned at 12 and 24 months for follow-up assessments. A total of 144 individuals (78% women, M age = 50.2 (9.2) yrs, M BMI = 32.5 (3.8) kg/m2) completed the 6 month intervention and 104 returned at 24 months. Primary outcomes of weight and HRQL using the SF36 were analyzed using multivariate repeated measures analyses. Results: There was complete data on 91 participants through the 24 months of the study. At baseline the participants scored lower than U.S. age-specific population norms for bodily pain, vitality, and mental health. At the completion of the 6 month clinical intervention there were increases in the physical and mental composite measures as well as physical functioning, general health, vitality, and mental health subscales of the SF-36. Despite some weight regain, the improvements in the mental composite scale as well as the physical functioning, vitality, and mental health subscales were maintained at 24 months. There were no significant main effects or interactions by extended care treatment group or weight loss group (whether or not they maintained 5% loss at 24 months). Conclusion: A clinical weight management program focused on behavior change was successful in improving several factors of HRQL at the completion of the program and many of those improvements were maintained at 24 months. Maintaining a significant weight loss (> 5%) was not necessary to have and maintain improvements in HRQL. Published: 17 July 2006 Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2006, 4:43 doi:10.1186/1477-7525-4-43 Received: 07 June 2006 Accepted: 17 July 2006 This article is available from: http://www.hqlo. com/content/4/1/43 © 2006 Blissmer et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
List decoding for arbitrarily varying wiretap channels

We consider a communication scenario in which the channel undergoes two different classes of attacks at the same time: a passive eavesdropper and an active jammer. This scenario is modeled by the concept of arbitrarily varying wiretap channels (AVWCs), in which the channel varies from one channel use to the other in an unknown and arbitrary manner. It has been shown that uncorrelated codes fail to establish reliable communication over the class of symmetrizable AVWCs. For this class more sophisticated coding techniques such as correlated random codes are needed. Correlated random codes are not easy to realize in practice because they require a sort of coordination between the transmitter and the receiver, which is not always possible. In this paper, we aim to resolve the ambiguity of symmetrizable AVWCs in the absence of coordination resources using list decoding. In particular, we show that for an AVWC where we allow for a non-vanishing decoding error probability, we can construct a list code whose rate is close to the correlated secrecy capacity. The list size needed by such code is shown to be finite and independent of the block length. Moreover, the constructed list code assures that the information leakage of the confidential message with respect to the strong secrecy criterion decays exponentially fast.
A fast nonlinear method for parametric imaging of myocardial perfusion by dynamic (13)N-ammonia PET.

UNLABELLED A parametric image of myocardial perfusion (mL/min/g) is a quantitative image generated by fitting a tracer kinetic model to dynamic (13)N-ammonia PET data on a pixel-by-pixel basis. There are several methods for such parameter estimation problems, including weighted nonlinear regression (WNLR) and a fast linearizing method known as Patlak analysis. Previous work showed that sigmoidal networks can be used for parameter estimation of mono- and biexponential models. The method used in this study is a hybrid of WNLR and sigmoidal networks called nonlinear regression estimation (NRE). The purpose of the study is to compare NRE with WNLR and Patlak analysis for parametric imaging of perfusion in the canine heart by (13)N-ammonia PET. METHODS A simulation study measured the statistical performance of NRE, WNLR, and Patlak analysis for a probabilistic model of time-activity curves. Four canine subjects were injected with 740 MBq (13)N-ammonia and scanned dynamically. Images were reconstructed with filtered backprojection and resliced into short-axis cuts. Parametric images of a single midventricular plane per subject were generated by NRE, WNLR, and Patlak analysis. Small regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on each parametric image (8 ROIs per subject for a total of 32). RESULTS For the simulation study, the median absolute value of the relative error for a perfusion value of 1.0 mL/min/g was 16.6% for NRE, 17.9% for WNLR, 19.5% for Patlak analysis, and 14.5% for an optimal WNLR method (computable by simulation only). All methods are unbiased conditioned on a wide range of perfusion values. For the canine studies, the least squares line fits comparing NRE (y) and Patlak analysis (z) with WNLR (x) for all 32 ROIs were y = 1.02x - 0.028 and z = 0.90x + 0.019, respectively. Both NRE and Patlak analysis generate 128 x 128 parametric images in seconds. CONCLUSION The statistical performance of NRE is competitive with WNLR and superior to Patlak analysis for parametric imaging of myocardial perfusion. NRE is a fast nonlinear alternative to Patlak analysis and other fast linearizing methods for parametric imaging. NRE should be applicable to many other tracers and tracer kinetic models.
Partitioned register file for TTAs

We propose that processor hardware can be used more effectively if floating-point units are augmented to perform simple integer operations. Existing floating-point registers and datapaths are used to support these integer operations. Some integer instructions, those not used for computing addresses and accessing memory, can then be off-loaded to the floating-point units. Consequently, these integer instructions are decoupled from memory accessing, and additional instruction bandwidth is available for integer programs. This paper reports the results of a preliminary study of integer benchmark programs compiled for the SPARC architecture. The results indicate that between 10% and 39% of the instructions in the integer benchmarks can be executed in the augmented floating-point units. Furthermore, these instructions are all simple add, subtract and logical instructions.
Endovascular Treatment of Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms with Flow Modification with the Use of the Pipeline Embolization Device

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Pipeline Embolization Device was reported to be safe and effective in the treatment of sidewall aneurysms, preserving the patency of the vessels covered by the construct. However, to date, the safety and efficacy of this device in treating bifurcation aneurysms remains unknown. We report our preliminary experience with the use of the Pipeline Embolization Device in the management of MCA aneurysms located at the bifurcations, including mid- and long-term follow-up data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wide-neck MCA aneurysms, which give rise to a bifurcating or distal branch in which other endovascular techniques are thought to be unfeasible or more risky, were included. Data including demographics, aneurysm features, antiplatelet therapy, complications, and angiographic follow-up results for up to 30 months were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty-five aneurysms located at the MCA bifurcation (n = 21) or distal (n = 4) were treated. Of these, 22 were small and 3 were large. A single device was used in all but 2. No deaths occurred in the series. All patients had at least 1 control angiographic study, 21 of which were DSA (3–30 months), which showed that 12 of the rising branches were patent whereas 6 were filling in reduced caliber and 3 were occluded asymptomatically. According to the last angiographic follow-up, complete occlusion was revealed in 21 of 25 aneurysms (84%). CONCLUSIONS: The Pipeline Embolization Device provides a safe and effective treatment alternative for wide-neck MCA aneurysms that give rise to a bifurcating or distal branch when other endovascular techniques are thought to be unfeasible or more risky.
Spatial Weighted Outlier Detection

Spatial outliers are the spatial objects with distinct features from their surrounding neighbors. Detection of spatial outliers helps reveal valuable information from large spatial data sets. In many real applications, spatial objects can not be simply abstracted as isolated points. They have different boundary, size, volume, and location. These spatial properties affect the impact of a spatial object on its neighbors and should be taken into consideration. In this paper, we propose two spatial outlier detection methods which integrate the impact of spatial properties to the outlierness measurement. Experimental results on a real data set demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Local Intermediation , Dynamic Information Aggregation , and Excessive Trading ∗ ( Incomplete : Comments are welcome )

This paper presents a dynamic equilibrium model of information aggregation which occurs through locally intermediated trading in a large population. We analyze how dispersed information is aggregated over time, and how it affects allocations overtime. The model exhibits excess trading due to information aggregation. We show that in the absence of private signals, dynamic trading leads to the ex post effi cient allocation as the number of trading rounds increases. With private signals, information gets aggregated over time, but the allocation may diverge away from the effi cient allocation. In some cases, information aggregation can create excessive trading, increasing the dispersion of the allocation.
Distributed Soft Coding with a Soft Input Soft Output (SISO) Relay Encoder in Parallel Relay Channels

In this paper, we propose a new distributed coding structure with a soft input soft output (SISO) relay encoder for error-prone parallel relay channels. We refer to it as the distributed soft coding (DISC). In the proposed scheme, each relay first uses the received noisy signals to calculate the soft bit estimate (SBE) of the source symbols. A simple SISO encoder is developed to encode the SBEs of source symbols based on a constituent code generator matrix. The SISO encoder outputs at different relays are then forwarded to the destination and form a distributed codeword. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed. It is shown that its performance is determined by the generator sequence weight (GSW) of the relay constituent codes, where the GSW of a constituent code is defined as the number of ones in its generator sequence. A new coding design criterion for optimally assigning the constituent codes to all the relays is proposed based on the analysis. Results show that the proposed DISC can effectively circumvent the error propagation due to the decoding errors in the conventional detect and forward (DF) with relay re-encoding and bring considerable coding gains, compared to the conventional soft information relaying.
Undecidability of Propositional Separation Logic and Its Neighbours

Separation logic has proven an effective formalism for the analysis of memory-manipulating programs. We show that the purely propositional fragment of separation logic is undecidable. In fact, for *any* choice of concrete heap-like model of separation logic, validity in that model remains undecidable. Besides its intrinsic technical interest, this result also provides new insights into the nature of decidable fragments of separation logic. In addition, we show that a number of propositional systems which approximate separation logic are undecidable as well. In particular, these include both Boolean BI and Classical BI. All of our undecidability results are obtained by means of a single direct encoding of Minsky machines.
Interacting with dynamically defined information spaces using a handheld projector and a pen

The recent trend towards miniaturization of projection technology indicates that handheld devices will soon have the ability to project information onto any surface, thus enabling interfaces that are not possible with current handhelds. We explore the design space of dynamically defining and interacting with multiple virtual information spaces embedded in a physical environment using a handheld projector and a passive pen tracked in 3D. We develop techniques for defining and interacting with these spaces, and explore usage scenarios.
French Resources for Extraction and Normalization of Temporal Expressions with HeidelTime

In this paper, we describe the development of French resources for the extraction and normalization of temporal expressions with HeidelTime, a open-source multilingual, cross-domain temporal tagger. HeidelTime extracts temporal expressions from documents and normalizes them according to the TIMEX3 annotation standard. Several types of temporal expressions are extracted: dates, times, durations and temporal sets. French resources have been evaluated in two different ways: on the French TimeBank corpus, a corpus of newspaper articles in French annotated according to the ISO-TimeML standard, and on a user application for automatic building of event timelines. Results on the French TimeBank are quite satisfaying as they are comparable to those obtained by HeidelTime in English and Spanish on newswire articles. Concerning the user application, we used two temporal taggers for the preprocessing of the corpus in order to compare their performance and results show that the performances of our application on French documents are better with HeidelTime. The French resources and evaluation scripts are publicly available with HeidelTime.
Control and Cybernetics final.dvi

The paper studies infinite repetition of finite strategic form games. Players use a backward looking learning behavior and face bounds on their cognitive capacities. We show that for any given belief-probability over the set of possible outcomes where players have no experience, games can be payoff classified and there always exists a stationary state in the space of action profiles. In particular, if the belief-probability assumes all possible outcomes without experience to be equally likely, in one class of Prisoners’ Dilemmas where the uniformly weighted average defecting payoff is higher than the cooperative payoff and the uniformly weighted average cooperative payoff is lower than the defecting payoff, play converges in the long run to the static Nash equilibrium while in the other class of Prisoners’ Dilemmas where the reverse holds, play converges to cooperation. Results are applied to a large class of 2×2 games.
A Novel Otoferlin Splice-Site Mutation in Siblings with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder

We characterize a novel otoferlin mutation discovered in a sibling pair diagnosed with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder and investigate auditory nerve function through their cochlear implants. Genetic sequencing revealed a homozygous mutation at the otoferlin splice donor site of exon 28 (IVS28 + 1G>T) in both siblings. Functional investigation showed that the intronic sequence between exons 28 and 29 was retained in the mutated minigenes that were expressed in 293T cells. Auditory nerve compound action potential recovery functions in the siblings demonstrated different rates of neural recovery, with sibling AN1 showing rapid recovery (1.14 ms) and AN2 showing average recovery (0.78 ms) compared to subjects with sensorineural hearing loss (average: adults 0.71 ms, children 0.85 ms). Differences in neural recovery were consistent with speech perception differences between the siblings. Genotype information may indicate site of lesion in hearing loss; however, additional, as yet, unknown factors may impact clinical outcomes and must be considered.