Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation in Mental Foramen of Mandible among South Indian Population- A Radiographic Analysis

Background: The mental foramen (MF) is a hole in the body of the mandible that is placed on the antero-lateral side. Between the upper and lower mandibular borders, it can be found. It sends signals to the brain's nerves and blood vessels. Many researches have documented variations in the placement of the MF among different ethnic groups, as well as variations in its forms. It's commonly found beneath the first premolar teeth. The study's goal is to look at where mental foramen are found in the South Indian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 distinct OPGs from the South Indian population were used in the investigation. The position of mental foramen for various mandibles was visually examined using OPGs, and the data was tallied and analyzed using SPSS. Results: From the results it is suggested that the maximum frequency for the right side is at location 2 which is in the longitudinal axis of 1st premolar. 14.0% at location 1, 31.6% at location 2, 21.1% at location 3. 17.3% at location 4. 10% at location 5, 6% at location 6. The situation of mental foramen at the axis of 1st premolar was observed to have a high frequency of occurrence in the age group of 26-35. Conclusion: The Mental foramen in study population is mostly found in the longitudinal axis of 1st premolar. The clinical students and surgeons should know the existence of mental foramen at surgical procedures using mandibular premolar and molar regions. Future studies with large sample sizes should be conducted to make the results conclusive.
Trade sales promotion and distributors’ performance of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGS)

This study examined trade sales promotion and distributors’ performance of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs). It was carried out to establish the effects of trade allowance, dealers’ contest and rebate on distributors’ performance with special reference to fast-moving consumer goods. The study adopted survey research design. The sampling technique adopted was judgmental sampling. Primary data were obtained from 218 retailers and wholesalers of fast-moving consumer goods using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The hypotheses developed for the study were tested using simple linear regression. Consequently, it was found that rebate had the highest significant positive effect on distributors’ performance, while trade allowance and dealers’ contest had the second and third-highest significant positive effects on distributors’ performance of FMCGs respectively. Therefore, the study concluded that trade sales promotion strategy has a significant positive influence on distributors’ performance in the context of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs). The study also made practical and theoretical implications for further research.
DETERMINANTS OF CUSTOMER LOYALTY

This study aims to determine the effect of customer satisfaction and bank image on customer loyalty at Pt. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk. , Panyabungan Sub-Branch Office. The creation of customer satisfaction and a good bank image is an advantage for banks. Satisfaction is a good basis for customers to repeat the use of related bank services so that these customers become loyal. This research is a quantitative study, data obtained from questionnaires. The sample collection technique uses the Slovin formula to obtain a sample of 83 customers. Data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results showed that customer satisfaction partially affected customer loyalty and the image of the bank affected customer loyalty. Then simultaneously customer satisfaction and the image of the bank together have a significant and significant effect on customer loyalty.
Metrics from Wearable Devices as Candidate Predictors of Antibody Response Following Vaccination against COVID-19: Data from the Second TemPredict Study

There is significant variability in neutralizing antibody responses (which correlate with immune protection) after COVID-19 vaccination, but only limited information is available about predictors of these responses. We investigated whether device-generated summaries of physiological metrics collected by a wearable device correlated with post-vaccination levels of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), the target of neutralizing antibodies generated by existing COVID-19 vaccines. One thousand, one hundred and seventy-nine participants wore an off-the-shelf wearable device (Oura Ring), reported dates of COVID-19 vaccinations, and completed testing for antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD during the U.S. COVID-19 vaccination rollout. We found that on the night immediately following the second mRNA injection (Moderna-NIAID and Pfizer-BioNTech) increases in dermal temperature deviation and resting heart rate, and decreases in heart rate variability (a measure of sympathetic nervous system activation) and deep sleep were each statistically significantly correlated with greater RBD antibody responses. These associations were stronger in models using metrics adjusted for the pre-vaccination baseline period. Greater temperature deviation emerged as the strongest independent predictor of greater RBD antibody responses in multivariable models. In contrast to data on certain other vaccines, we did not find clear associations between increased sleep surrounding vaccination and antibody responses.
Auxin/Cytokinin Antagonistic Control of the Shoot/Root Growth Ratio and Its Relevance for Adaptation to Drought and Nutrient Deficiency Stresses

The hormones auxin and cytokinin regulate numerous aspects of plant development and often act as an antagonistic hormone pair. One of the more striking examples of the auxin/cytokinin antagonism involves regulation of the shoot/root growth ratio in which cytokinin promotes shoot and inhibits root growth, whereas auxin does the opposite. Control of the shoot/root growth ratio is essential for the survival of terrestrial plants because it allows growth adaptations to water and mineral nutrient availability in the soil. Because a decrease in shoot growth combined with an increase in root growth leads to survival under drought stress and nutrient limiting conditions, it was not surprising to find that auxin promotes, while cytokinin reduces, drought stress tolerance and nutrient uptake. Recent data show that drought stress and nutrient availability also alter the cytokinin and auxin signaling and biosynthesis pathways and that this stress-induced regulation affects cytokinin and auxin in the opposite manner. These antagonistic effects of cytokinin and auxin suggested that each hormone directly and negatively regulates biosynthesis or signaling of the other. However, a growing body of evidence supports unidirectional regulation, with auxin emerging as the primary regulatory component. This master regulatory role of auxin may not come as a surprise when viewed from an evolutionary perspective.
Collaborative Playlist-Making: Musical Interaction via Digitally Mediated Co-Curation

Collaborative playlist-making (CPM), a form of music co-curation where two or more people select and order recorded music together, is a form of group musical engagement that has recently risen to prominence among musicians and nonmusicians in the general population. This paper presents CPM as a form of technologically mediated group musical engagement and informs researchers as to how CPM and its constituent behaviors may be studied in relation to other forms of musical engagement, particularly group music-making. In addition, specific psychological processes expected to be elicited by CPM—self-other merging, cognitive perspective-taking, and shared intentionality—are explicated in an effort to evince how CPM may give rise to socio-cognitive transfer effects in line with Goldman's reconstructive route to empathy. The main purpose of this paper is to promote music psychologists’ study of CPM to probe how musical interaction occurring within everyday contexts can harness music's potential to facilitate communication and bring about social benefits.
A Comparative Study of the Fatty Acids and Monosaccharides of Wild and Cultivated Ulva sp.

There is a need to find new possible raw food sources with interesting nutritional values. One of the most unexploited sources are seaweeds. Thus, Ulva sp. is a green edible seaweed that shows a high growth rate in nature and can support drastic abiotic changes, such as temperature and salinity. This work aims to determine the main nutritional compounds, fatty acids (FAs) and monosaccharides profiles of Ulva sp. (collected from Mondego estuary, Portugal), to identify the potential of this seaweed as a food source. The present study also highlights the potential of controlled and semi-controlled cultivation systems in Ulva sp. profiles. The results showed that the controlled cultivation systems had higher essential FA and monosaccharide content than the semi-controlled cultivation systems. However, they are in some cases identical to wild individuals of Ulva sp. , supporting that cultivation of Ulva sp. can be a key for food safety. It is crucial to control the associated risks of contamination that can occur in wild specimens.
Dietary Natural Compounds and Vitamins as Potential Cofactors in Uterine Fibroids Growth and Development

An analysis of the literature generated within the past 20 year-span concerning risks of uterine fibroids (UFs) occurrence and dietary factors was carried out. A link between Vitamin D deficiency and UFs formation is strongly indicated, making it a potent compound in leiomyoma therapy. Analogs of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, not susceptible to degradation by tissue 24-hydroxylase, appear to be especially promising and tend to show better therapeutic results. Although research on the role of Vitamin A in the formation of fibroids is contradictory, Vitamin A-enriched diet, as well as synthetic retinoid analogues, may be preventative or limit the growth of fibroids. Unambiguous conclusions cannot be drawn regarding Vitamin E and C supplementation, except for alpha-tocopherol. Alpha-tocopherol as a phytoestrogen taking part in the modulation of estrogen receptors (ERs) involved in UF etiology, should be particularly avoided in therapy. A diet enriched in fruits and vegetables, as sources of carotenoids, polyphenols, quercetin, and indole-3-carbinol, constitutes an easily modifiable lifestyle element with beneficial results in patients with UFs. Other natural substances, such as curcumin, can reduce the oxidative stress and protect against inflammation in leiomyoma. Although the exact effect of probiotics on uterine fibroids has not yet been thoroughly evaluated at this point, the protective role of dairy products, i.e., yogurt consumption, has been indicated. Trace elements such as selenium can also contribute to antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of a recommended diet. In contrast, heavy metals, endocrine disrupting chemicals, cigarette smoking, and a diet low in antioxidants and fiber were, alongside genetic predispositions, associated with UFs formation.
Profiles and Characteristics of Patients with Mild to Moderate COVID -19 Disease Phenotypes in a Teaching Hospital in Kano, Northern Nigeria

Background and Introduction: COVID-19 has affected almost 180 million people around the world, causing the death of about 5 million persons, as of November 16, 2021. The disease presents with a plethora of pulmonary and extrapulmonary symptoms of varying severity. After an exhaustive review of the literature, we found no data on the mild and moderate COVID-19 disease phenotypes in Northern Nigeria. Our objective is to describe the clinical characteristics of non-severe COVID -19 disease phenotypes in Kano State. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study at the COVID-19 Isolation Center of Muhammad Buhari Specialist Hospital Kano, Nigeria. We included all patients admitted from May 2020 to December 2020. Patients’ medical records were assessed and evaluated to describe the clinical characteristics at presentation. We explored time to discharge between patients aged ≤ 50 years old versus those >50. We applied the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator to generate cumulative probabilities of discharge over time and used the Log-rank test to determine differences between the two age groups. We applied Cox Proportional Hazards to identify predictors of time to discharge among the patients in the study. The study variables comprised of time of viral clearance and time to discharge as outcome variables, while main exposure variables included, age, sex, occupation, mode of exposure, presence of co-morbidity, and duration of hospitalization. Results: A total of 187 COVID-19 patients were reviewed. The commonest symptoms were fever, breathing difficulty, and dry cough. There was no recorded death. Contact with a confirmed COVID-19 positive person was the source of infection in 167(89.3%) of patients. We noted faster time to viral clearance in patients on lopinavir compared to those on chloroquine (Log-rank test p-value = 0.048). There were no significant differences in time to discharge between younger (< 50 years) versus older patients (≥ 50 years) [24 days vs. 26 days respectively; Log-rank test p-value = 0.082]. Age, sex, and source of infection did not appear to be predictors of infection phenotype. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The findings of this study have a bearing on the surveillance and diagnosis of COVID-19 in Nigeria. While the plethora of clinical features may not be limited to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, healthcare practitioners should consider these symptom clusters in addition to cognate contact and travel history when confronted with a suspected COVID-19 infection. Copyright © 2022 Maiyaki et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Network Pharmacology Prediction and Molecular Docking-Based Strategy to Discover the Potential Pharmacological Mechanism of Wen-Yu-Jin against Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Mouse Model

Background Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a devastating lung disease, resulting in gas exchange dysfunction until death. The two drugs approved by the FDA, pirfenidone and nintedanib, have obvious side effects. Wen-yu-jin (WYJ), one of the commonly used herbs in China, can treat respiratory diseases. The potential effects and the underlying mechanism of WYJ against PF are unclear. Purpose Employing network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo and in vitro experiments to explore the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of WYJ in the treatment of PF. Methods Ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography combined with linear ion trap-orbital tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-orbital trap) was used to identify compounds of WYJ. We got PF-related targets and WYJ compounds-related targets from public databases and further completed critical targets exploration, network construction, and pathway analysis by network pharmacology. Molecular docking predicted binding activity of WYJ compounds and critical targets. Based on the above results, in vivo and in vitro experiments validated the potential effects and mechanisms of WYJ against PF. Results 23 major compositions of WYJ were identified based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap. According to the results of network pharmacology, STAT3, SRC, IL6, MAPK1, AKT1, EGFR, MAPK8, MAPK14, and IL1B are critical therapeutic targets. Molecular docking results showed that most of the compounds have good binding activities with critical targets. The results of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that WYJ alleviated the process of fibrosis by targeting MAPK and STAT3 pathways. Conclusion Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo and in vitro experiments showed the potential effects and mechanisms of WYJ against PF, which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of WYJ with PF.
The Combined Model of CX3CR1-Related Immune Infiltration Genes to Evaluate the Prognosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Background High expression of chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) was shown to contribute to the progression of many fibrotic diseases. However, there is still no study for the role of CX3CR1 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Therefore, we aimed to identify CX3CR1-related immune infiltration genes (IIGs) in IPF and establish a combined risk model to evaluate the prognosis of IPF. Methods A discovery cohort of IPF patients (GSE70867) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. We identified the composition of 22 kinds of immune cells infiltration by CIBERSORT. The Cox regression model with the LASSO method was used for identifying prognostic genes and developing CX3CR1-related IIGs. Kaplan–Meier was applied to plot the survival curve of prognosis model. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to be tested by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) from 15 clinical samples, including 8 healthy controls (HC), 4 patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and 3 patients with pulmonary fibrosis (FIB). Results We found that high expression of CX3CR1 in BALF contributed to the poor prognosis in IPF patients. ALR4C, RAB37, GPR56, MARCKS, PXN and RASSF2 were identified as CX3CR1-related IIGs, which were highly expressed in PBMC of UIP/FIB patients than that of HC. Moreover, the expression of PXN was higher in FIB patients’ PBMC than that of UIP ones. In the cohort of IPF patients, high infiltration of activated NK cells in BALF caused poor survival compared to low infiltration group. The infiltration of activated NK was regulated by CX3CR1-related IIGs. The combined risk model predicted that high expression of CX3CR1-related IIGs and high infiltrated activated NK cells caused poor prognosis in IPF patients. Conclusion We identified a group of CX3CR1-related IIGs in IPF patients. This combined risk model provided new insights in the prognosis and therapy of IPF.
Kindergarten children’s views on friendship in a super-diverse context

In this empirical research, I investigated 16 kindergarten children’s perspectives on their friendships at school in a super-diverse classroom in Canada. A cultural-historical perspective and a “pedagogy of friendship” conceptual framework were drawn on in this research. In the study, the kindergarten children created drawings of their valued friendships. These visual representations revealed the importance of outdoor play and engagement as the catalyst for their development of authentic and valued peer friendships.
Isolation and Identification of Pigment Producing Bacteria From the Ratargul Swamp Forest Soil

Pigments are one of the most significant secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify pigmentproducing bacteria from the Ratargul Swamp Forest (RSF) soil, which is the one and only fresh water swamp forest of Bangladesh. Soil samples were randomly collected from 10 different quadrates (10 m x 10 m) of RSF. The pH values of the soil samples were found to be strongly acidic and ranged between 4.71 and 5.48. Bacterial load of the samples ranged from 1.33×105 to 1.93×108 cfu/g, 6.05×106 to 9.07×107 cfu/g and from 1.16×107 to 1.61×108 cfu/g on nutrient agar (NA), peptone yeast-extract glucose (PYG) agar and Luria-Bertani (LB) agar media, respectively. Interestingly, both the highest and lowest bacterial counts were observed on NA, which was 1.93×108 cfu/g and 1.33×105 cfu/g, respectively. The isolates were found to produce various pigments like yellow, red, dark orange and sweet pink during their colony developments. A total of 71 bacterial isolates were obtained of which 11 were subjected to further study. All the selected bacteria were found to be rod shaped. Out of the 11 isolates, 9 were Gram-positive and 2 were Gramnegative. Provisionally identified potential pigment producing eight bacterial isolates were identified by using molecular marker. Seven of them were matched with their conventional identification up to generic level but conventionally identified Erwinia stewartii was found to be as Aeromonas sobria. Among the 11 isolates, 8 could produce three different types of pigments namely red, yellow and dark orange during in vitro pigment production. The isolated pigment producing bacteria could be used for better biotechnological application. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 31(1): 1-8, 2022 (January)
Unusual records of marine organisms in the Neretva River (Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina)

This paper presents a review of the unusual occurrences of various marine species found upstream in the Neretva River and its wider delta zone in the last two decades. The occurrences of at least eight different marine species were reported by local fishermen, representing very rare records of these species in the upstream areas of rivers. Although some of these species generally inhabit both saltwater and brackish waters, their occurrences high upstream are probably the consequence of changes in hydrological conditions in Neretva River. Namely, more intense saltwater intrusion into the river observed in the last two decades provides suitable conditions for mass penetration of euryhaline organisms high into the Neretva River. In this biodiversity rich area which hosts a significant number of endemic species, such phenomena can threaten the local freshwater communities.
A simple DLP-bioprinting strategy produces cell-laden crypt-villous structures for an advanced 3D gut model

The intestine is a complex tissue with a characteristic three-dimensional (3D) crypt-villous architecture, which plays a key role in the intestinal function. This function is also regulated by the intestinal stroma that actively supports the intestinal epithelium, maintaining homeostasis. Efforts to account for the 3D complex structure of the intestinal tissue have been focused mainly in mimicking the epithelial barrier, while solutions to include the stromal compartment are scarce and unpractical to be used in routine experiments. Here we demonstrate that by employing an optimized bioink formulation and the suitable printing parameters it is possible to produce fibroblast-laden crypt-villous structures by means of digital light processing (DLP) stereolithography. This process provides excellent cell viability, accurate spatial resolution and high printing throughput, resulting in a robust biofabrication approach that yields functional gut mucosa tissues compatible with conventional testing techniques. Teaser 3D bioprinting approach for the direct fabrication of advanced cell-laden tissue constructs by means of visible-light photopolymerization.