Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tidal flow over three-dimensional topography in a stratified fluid

Our laboratory experiments and numerical simulations of stratified tidal flow past model topography (a half sphere on a horizontal plane) reveal several three-dimensional flow features, including an unexpected flow perpendicular to the forcing plane (the vertical plane through the center of the sphere, in the direction of the oscillating tide). This perpendicular flow has a time-independent component and a component oscillating at twice the tidal frequency. Our results show that the time-independent part of the perpendicular flow forms a large-scale horizontal circulation, which could enhance material transport and mixing near bottom topography in the oceans. In addition, for small forcing amplitude we find that the azimuthal dependence of the internal wave field is described by the functional form cos ϕ, as predicted by linear inviscid theory. At higher forcing amplitude, the internal wave energy is more concentrated in the forcing direction. Finally, we observe a wave intensity asymmetry in the polar di.
Scrutinizing the Profile and Risk Factors of Suicide: A Perspective from a Case–Control Study Focused on a Northern Region of Spain

Suicide is a major public health problem the prevention of which has become a priority, and, to this end, knowledge of its risk factors is essential. This study aims to evaluate the impact of some social, medico-legal, and clinical issues on suicide deaths. A total of 135 cases were identified as suicides that occurred in a region of northern Spain between 2018 and 2020. Controls (three for each case) were matched by age, sex, and urban–rural areas. The information was collected retrospectively through electronic health record systems. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to study the association between individual risk factors and suicide. Being male (78.5%), between 40 and 60 years of age, unmarried (70.9%), and unemployed (85%) were associated with suicide deaths. Although the existence of a previous self-harm attempt is presented as the most robust risk factor (OR 22.121 [8.997–54.389]), the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis (OR 12.583 [7.686–20.601]) and cancer (OR 3.729 [1.845–7.536]) also showed a significant relationship with suicide (p < 0.05). Defining and knowing the risk factors for suicide helps to better understand the profiles of those individuals who are vulnerable, and enables prevention actions to be taken in both social and medical spheres.
Embedding Theorems for Groups

By a partial endomorphism of a group G we mean a homomorphic mapping μ of a subgroup A of G onto a subgroup B of G. If μ is denned on the whole of G then it is called a total endomorphism. We call a partial endomorphism totally extendable (or extendable) if there exists a supergroup G*⊇G with a total endomorphism μ* which extends μ in the sense that gμ* = gμ, whenever the right-hand side is defined (3).
Electron impact double ionization of singly charged ions C + , N + , O + , F + and Ne +

The first absolute cross section measurements for double ionization of C+, N+, O+ and Ne+ ions by electron impact are reported. The animated crossed beams method has been employed in the energy range from below ionization thresholds to approximately 2500 eV. The classical binary encounter approximation overestimates measured cross sections by almost two orders of magnitude. Along the sequence, the cross section maximum does not follow classical scaling laws. A simple scaling law based on an electron pair ejection model is proposed for the prediction of direct double ionization. Inner-shell ionization followed by autoionization is seen to play a dominant role for C+ only.
Is Periodontitis Associated with Age-Related Cognitive Impairment? The Systematic Review, Confounders Assessment and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies

It has been suggested that molecular pathological mechanisms responsible for periodontitis can be linked with biochemical alterations in neurodegenerative disorders. Hypothetically, chronic systemic inflammation as a response to periodontitis plays a role in the etiology of cognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine whether periodontitis (PDS) is a risk factor for age-related cognitive impairment (ACI) based on evidence of clinical studies. A comprehensive, structured systematic review of existing data adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was carried out. Five electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, were searched for key terms published in peer-reviewed journals until January 2021. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of studies and risk of bias. The primary and residual confounders were explored and evaluated. A meta-analysis synthesizing quantitative data was carried out using a random-effects model. Seventeen clinical studies were identified, including 14 cohort, one cross-sectional, and two case-control studies. Study samples ranged from 85 to 262,349 subjects, with follow-up between 2 and 32 years, and age above 45 years, except for two studies. The findings of studies suggesting the PDS-ACI relationship revealed substantial differences in design and methods. A noticeable variation related to the treatment of confounders was observed. Quality assessment unveiled a moderate quality of evidence and risk of bias. The subgroups meta-analysis and pooled sensitivity analysis of results from seven eligible studies demonstrated overall that the presence of PDS is associated with an increased risk of incidence of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.03–1.79), particularly dementia (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.02–1.88) and Alzheimer’s disease (OR = 1.03 95% CI 0.98–1.07)). However, a considerable heterogeneity of synthesized data (I2 = 96%) and potential publication bias might affect obtained results. While there is a moderate statistical association between periodontitis and dementia, as well as Alzheimer’s disease, the risk of bias in the evidence prevents conclusions being drawn about the role of periodontitis as a risk factor for age-related cognitive impairment.
Forensic Application of Stable Isotopes to Distinguish between Wild and Captive Turtles

Simple Summary Wildlife trafficking is a major contributor to global biodiversity loss, especially reptiles, which are confiscated by law enforcement more than any other vertebrate class. Wildlife forensic experts can use chemicals from animal tissues to determine the origin of confiscated animals. Such physical evidence can help law enforcement prosecute wildlife traffickers in court and hold poachers accountable. In this study, we developed a statistical tool that can be used to determine if a confiscated wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) from Maine came from the wild or captivity. We used carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes from wood turtle claw tips to construct a statistical model that correctly classified all wild turtles as wild and nearly all captive turtles as captive (predictive accuracy 97.2%). Results from our study can be used to assist law enforcement in Maine and to develop a forensics tool used to help combat the illegal turtle trade. Abstract Wildlife traffickers often claim that confiscated animals were captive-bred rather than wild-caught to launder wild animals and escape prosecution. We used stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) derived from the claw tips of wild wood turtles from Maine and captive wood turtles throughout the eastern U.S. to develop a predictive model used to classify confiscated wood turtles as wild or captive. We found that the claw tips of wild and captive wood turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) were isotopically distinct. Captive turtles had significantly higher δ13C and δ15N values than wild turtles. Our model correctly classified all wild turtles as wild (100%) and nearly all captive turtles as captive (94%). All but two of the 71 turtles tested were successfully predicted as wild or captive (97.2% accuracy), yielding a misclassification rate of 2.8%. In addition to our model being useful to law enforcement in Maine, we aim to develop a multi-species model to assist conservation law enforcement efforts to curb illegal turtle trafficking from locations across the eastern United States and Canada.
Muscular strength, flexibility and balance analysis in women practicing ballet pilates

Introduction: Ballet Pilates is a way of associating Pilates principles with Classic Ballet movements. The exercises employ body weight as a load, they can be adapted according to physical condition of each one. In a short time of practice, it is possible to observe the results, such as reducing weight, increasing muscle strength and improving posture. Objective: Analyze the muscular strength, flexibility and balance of women who practice Ballet Pilates, comparing them as variables before and after two months of practicing the sport. Methodology: The present study is of intervention and field, of comparative character and quantitative nature. A survey included 14 volunteers practicing the sport, aged 20 to 50 years old, and a data collection was carry out at the Tiradentes University. Data were collect using the Lafayette isometric dynamometer, the Sanny analog fleximeter and the Arkipelago baropodometry platform. Results: According to a strength analysis, muscle gains were observe, especially in the quadriceps, gluteus and calves, with statistical statistics for right quadriceps (p = 0.008) and left gluteus (p = 0.021). In the flexibility variable, differences were observed before and after the activity execution, with positive impact on the following muscle groups: torso (p = 0.004), hip flexors (p <0.001) and hamstrings (p <0.001). No significant difference in balance was find, measured by baropodometry, after two months of performing the Ballet Pilates modality. Conclusion: It was find that the Ballet Pilates modality is capable of promoting muscle strength gain, being observe in the study participants, mainly in the quadriceps and gluteus muscle groups. In addition, it became the flexibility gain exhibited by practitioners of this activity, exerting a positive influence, especially on the torso, hip flexors and hamstrings. As for balance, very expressive results were not observed, due to fact that the students have already presented balance preservation.
Development of Two-Dimensional Model of Photosynthesis in Plant Leaves and Analysis of Induction of Spatial Heterogeneity of CO2 Assimilation Rate under Action of Excess Light and Drought

Photosynthesis is a key process in plants that can be strongly affected by the actions of environmental stressors. The stressor-induced photosynthetic responses are based on numerous and interacted processes that can restrict their experimental investigation. The development of mathematical models of photosynthetic processes is an important way of investigating these responses. Our work was devoted to the development of a two-dimensional model of photosynthesis in plant leaves that was based on the Farquhar–von Caemmerer–Berry model of CO2 assimilation and descriptions of other processes including the stomatal and transmembrane CO2 fluxes, lateral CO2 and HCO3− fluxes, transmembrane and lateral transport of H+ and K+, interaction of these ions with buffers in the apoplast and cytoplasm, light-dependent regulation of H+-ATPase in the plasma membrane, etc. Verification of the model showed that the simulated light dependences of the CO2 assimilation rate were similar to the experimental ones and dependences of the CO2 assimilation rate of an average leaf CO2 conductance were also similar to the experimental dependences. An analysis of the model showed that a spatial heterogeneity of the CO2 assimilation rate on a leaf surface should be stimulated under an increase in light intensity and a decrease in the stomatal CO2 conductance or quantity of the open stomata; this prediction was supported by the experimental verification. Results of the work can be the basis of the development of new methods of the remote sensing of the influence of abiotic stressors (at least, excess light and drought) on plants.
Chitinozoan biostratigraphy of the regional Arenig Series in Wales and correlation with the global Lower–Middle Ordovician series and stages

Abstract The Arenig Fawr area of North Wales constitutes the type area for the British Lower to Middle Ordovician Arenig Series and is complemented by sections in the Carmarthen and Whitland areas of South Wales. We describe chitinozoan assemblages from both areas in order to aid correlation of the Arenig Series in its type region with the global Ordovician series and stages. Chitinozoans recorded from Arenig Fawr provide permissive rather than conclusive evidence but suggest that the Henllan Ash Member correlates with the upper Floian Stage Slice Fl3 or lower Dapingian Stage Slice Dp1. Better results were obtained from South Wales where six chitinozoan assemblages are distinguished, ranging in age from late Tremadocian to middle Darriwilian (early Llanvirn). Most species are known from South China, Gondwana and/or Baltica where there are controls on ranges. They show that much of the lower Arenig (Moridunian) succession in South Wales correlates with the upper Floian Stage (Fl3). Correlatives of the lower and middle Floian Stage (Fl1, Fl2), if present, must be represented by the Ogof Hên Formation and lowest Carmarthen Formation. Chitinozoan assemblages from the upper Arenig Series (Fennian Stage) are more readily correlated with Gondwanan biozones and indicate correlation of the Fennian Stage with the Dapingian and lower Darriwilian (Dw1) stages. The middle Arenig Whitlandian Stage is constrained in South Wales to an interval from the uppermost Floian Stage to the basal Dapingian Stage, resulting in an inferred increased rate of sediment accumulation.
Individual cobalt and manganese ions in semiconductor quantum dots and photonic structures

This work reviews recent progress in technology of optical operating single magnetic ions. Photoluminescence spectra of nonmagnetic QDs and QDs containing Mn or Co individual ions are shown. Emission of quantum dots with single magnetic ions is compared to emission of bulk diluted magnetic semiconductors. Micropillar cavity with a CdTe/ZnTe QD containing a single manganese ion is presented. Possibilities of applying various microcavity systems for sophisticated studies of single magnetic dopants are discussed.
Improved diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in adults with and without HIV in Mbeya, Tanzania using the MPT64 antigen detection test

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in People Living with HIV (PLWHIV) is a diagnostic challenge. Our immunochemistry based MPT64 antigen detection test has shown improved sensitivity compared to current laboratory tests in the resource limited diagnostic setting. The aim of this study was to validate the implementability and diagnostic performance of the test in PLWHIV and HIV negative adults in a HIV endemic Tanzanian setting. Adult (>18 y) presumptive EPTB patients were prospectively enrolled at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital and followed to the end of treatment or until an alternative diagnosis was reached. Suspected sites of infection were sampled and were subject to routine diagnostics, GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and the MPT64 test. The performance of the diagnostics tests was assessed using a composite reference standard that included clinical suspicion, mycobacterial culture, response to anti-tuberculosis (TB) therapy, cytological and radiological findings. Patients (N = 168) were categorized as 21 confirmed TB, 23 probable TB and 44 possible TB cases, 69 patients were categorized as non-TB cases and 11 were uncategorized. In the TB group, the three most common infections were adenitis (41%), peritonitis (19%) and pleuritis (14%). The TB and non-TB groups did not differ in HIV seropositivity (46% vs 42%) Among HIV negative and PLWHIV, the MPT64 test had a sensitivity of (91% vs 78%), specificity (75% vs 86%), positive predictive value (80% vs 88%), negative predictive value (89% vs 74%), and accuracy (84% vs 81%), respectively. Performance was not significantly reduced in PLWHIV, and sensitivity was higher than in the currently used tests, including the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. The MPT64 test improved the diagnosis of EPTB, irrespective of HIV status. The test performed better than currently used diagnostic test. The test was implementable in a tertiary level hospital with basic pathology services in a HIV endemic Tanzanian setting.
Application of water quality index to assessment of groundwater quality

The main objective of this study was to: assess groundwater quality in rural areas of Zabid, Hodeidah, for drinking purpose using water quality index (WQI). Forty groundwater samples were collected from the study area. The water quality index (WQI) is a mathematical method used to facilitate water quality explanation. The WQI calculations required several physiochemical water parameters, including pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, NO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+. The values of WQI indicated that 75% of groundwater in the study area was good for drinking (class II), 25% Poor water (class III), and the WQIs ranged from 76 and 98; 101 and 126, respectively. It can be said, from this assessment, that groundwater in the study area was generally in Good-Poor water quality status. The reasons for the high WQI values of some study areas were due to the anthropogenic activities, as well as domestic and agricultural wastes.
Individual and combined toxicopathology of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in broiler chickens

The present study was conducted to evaluate the individual and combined toxicopathology of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in broiler chickens. Broiler chicks (80), day-old, were divided into four groups. Group T1 served as control, whereas Group T2 was treated with chlorpyrifos @ 50 mg/kg feed, T3 with cypermethrin @ 200 mg/kg feed and T4 with chlorpyrifos @ 50 mg/kg + cypermethrin @ 200 mg/kg feed for 4 weeks. During 5th week, the dietary treatment was withdrawn and observed for withdrawal effect. At the end of 4th and 5th week, six birds from each group were sacrificed and examined for gross and histopathological changes. Microscopically, liver showed mild to extensive granular and vacuolar changes, necrosis and lymphoid aggregation. Granular and vacuolar changes in tubular epithelium along with necrosis of tubules and detachment of tubule from the basement membrane were observed in kidneys. Heart showed varying degrees of degenerative changes in cardiac muscle fibres. Intestine showed diffuse degenerative changes along with necrosis and fusion of villi. Brain showed mild to moderate degenerative changes and neuronophagia. Sciatic nerve showed degenerative changes along with infiltration of mononuclear cell and swelling of axons. The lesions were more prominent in combined toxicity group. However, at 7th day post withdrawal, restoration towards normal parenchyma was observed in visceral organs. Ultra structure of liver at 4th week revealed pronounced pathological lesions in cell organelles. Thus it can be concluded that chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin induced adverse toxic effect individually as well as in combination.
The influence of multiple ion species on Alfvén wave dispersion and Alfvén wave plasma heating

In this paper, the effects of light impurities, such as deuterium, helium, or carbon, on Alfven wave dispersion characteristics are explored. It is shown that a small population of light impurities in a hydrogen plasma modify the dispersion of the global Alfven waves and the Alfven continuum in such a way that the wave frequency depends weakly on the toroidal wave number. It is also shown that the global Alfven wave enters into the Alfven continuum. Under these conditions, it is possible to heat plasma efficiently by employing an antenna with a broad toroidal wavelength spectrum. The relationship between impurity concentration and the efficiency of Alfven wave heating is explored. Under appropriate conditions, the results indicate that in the presence of impurities, Alfven waves can heat electrons predominantly in the central part of the plasma. This effect is explored via a series of numerical calculations of the heating specifically for the Phaedrus‐T Alfven wave heating experiment [Phys. Fluids B 5, 25.
DISTANCES TO FOUR SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD ECLIPSING BINARIES FROM ABSOLUTE FLUXES

Eclipsing binary (EB)-based distances are estimated for four solar neighborhood EBs by means of the Direct Distance Estimation (DDE) algorithm. Results are part of a project to map the solar neighborhood EBs in three dimensions, independently of parallaxes, and provide statistical comparisons between EB and parallax distances. Apart from judgments on adopted temperature and interstellar extinction, DDE's simultaneous light–velocity solutions are essentially objective and work as well for semidetached (SD) and overcontact binaries as for detached systems. Here, we analyze two detached and two SD binaries, all double lined. RS Chamaeleontis is a pre-main-sequence (MS), detached EB with weak δ Scuti variations. WW Aurigae is detached and uncomplicated, except for having high metallicity. RZ Cassiopeiae is SD and has very clear δ Scuti variations and several peculiarities. R Canis Majoris (R CMa) is an apparently simple but historically problematic SD system, also with weak δ Scuti variations. Discussions include solution rules and strategies, weighting, convergence, and third light problems. So far there is no indication of systematic band dependence among the derived distances, so the adopted band-calibration ratios seem consistent. Agreement of EB-based and parallax distances is typically within the overlapped uncertainties, with minor exceptions. We also suggest an explanation for the long-standing undermassiveness problem of R CMa's hotter component, in terms of a fortuitous combination of low metallicity and evolution slightly beyond the MS.
Non-Newtonian Power-Law Fluid Flow around a Heated Square Bluff Body in a Vertical Channel under Aiding Buoyancy

The present study focuses on momentum and heat transfer characteristics of the laminar flow of power-law fluids in a vertical channel with a built-in square cylinder under the influence of aiding buoyancy. The simulations are carried out at low Reynolds numbers (1–40) for the range of settings as power-law index = 0.4–1, Richardson number = 0–1, blockage ratio = 25%–50%, and Prandtl number = 50. It is found that the drag coefficient and the Nusselt number increase with the aiding buoyancy, while the shear-thinning behavior reduces the drag coefficient and increases the heat transfer rate.
X-ray Optical Activity in Underdoped Bi-Based High-Tc Superconductor

We performed X-ray optical activity (XOA) measurements at Cu K absorption edge for the underdoped Bi2212 ( T c =80 K). X-ray natural circular dichroism (XNCD) appears below T * (∼200 K) and becomes larger with decreasing temperature, whereas nonreciprocal X-ray linear dichroism (NRXLD) is not seen. It is revealed that time reversal symmetry is preserved in the pseudogap phase of the underdoped Bi2212. The results demonstrate that XOA is a powerful tool to clarify electronic structure in terms of time reversal and/or chiral symmetry.