Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ISPEA: improvement for the strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm for multiobjective optimization with immunity

Recently, there arose some important multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), among these MOEAs, strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) seems the most effective technique for finding or approximating the Pareto-optimal set for multiobjective optimization problems with several characteristics. Unfortunately, there are always some basic and obvious characteristics or knowledge in pending problem, where the loss due to this negligence is sometimes considerable in dealing with complex problems. Based on these reasons, an improvement on SPEA with immunity is given to restrain degeneracy of the evolution process, where the immune operator is realized by vaccine extraction, vaccination and immune selection in turn. Simulations show the ISPEA is effective and feasible.
Hydrodynamic Flow between Two Non-Coincident Rotating Disks Embedded in Porous Media

Hydrodynamic viscous incompressible fluid flow through a porous medium between two disks rotating with same angular velocity about two non-coincident axes has been studied. An exact solution of the govern-ing equations has been obtained in a closed form. It is found that the primary velocity decreases and the sec-ondary velocity increases with increase in porosity parameter to the left of the z-axis and the result is re-versed to the right of the z-axis. It is also found that the torque on the disks increases with increase in either rotation parameter or porosity parameter. For large rotation, there exist a thin boundary layer near the disks and the thickness of this boundary layer decreases with increase in porosity parameter.
The Rationality Problem in Invariant Theory

This is a survey of the rationality problem in invariant theory. It also contains some new results, in particular in Chapter 2 on moduli spaces of plane curves with a theta-characteristic, and a detailed account of the relation of the Hesselink stratification of the Hilbert nullcone to the rationality problem, with an application to the rationality of the moduli space of plane curves of degree 34.
Turbulence Measurement with a Moored Instrument

Abstract A new autonomous and moored microstructure measuring instrument has been tested in coastal waters. The instrument measures shear in the dissipation range of the wavenumber spectrum using four shear probes; temperature fluctuations using two FP-07 thermistors; temperature and salinity using three pairs of Seabird sensors; horizontal currents using two ducted rotors and a fluxgate compass; and body motions using three accelerometers and a pressure transducer. Data are sampled for 128 s every 5 min and reduced into ensemble and band-averaged spectra and statistical parameters. The processed data are transferred to a disk every 6 h along with one 128-s set of unprocessed data. In a 2-day experiment, the instrument experienced peak flows of 0.15 m s−1 and resolved dissipation rates in currents as slow as 0.03 m s−1. Spectra of velocity fluctuations agree closely with the Nasmyth universal spectrum. For dissipation rates, the lower limit of detection is determined by electronic noise, while the upper l.
Rate of convergence in probability to the Marchenko-Pastur law

It is shown that the Kolmogorov distance between the spectral distribution function of a random covariance (1/p)XXT, where X is an n X p matrix with independent entries and the distribution function of the Marchenko-Pastur law is of order O(n-1/2) in probability. The bound is explicit and requires that the twelfth moment of the entries of the matrix is uniformly bounded and that p/n is separated from 1.
THE ORBIT OF VW CEP AB = HEI 7

The visual binary containing the well-known eclipsing pair VW Cep is studied with combined visual and astrometric data: P = 29.0 yr, a = 0.428". The orbit and parallax 0.038" give masses in agreement with radial-velocity and light-curve results: 0.8, 0.3, and 0.6 solar masses, respectively.
On the Stress Concentration in a Strip with Two Circular Holes Subjected to Tension

The stress concentration problem of a strip with two circular holes subjected to uniaxial tension is treated, assuming that the holes have equal diameters and are arranged symmetrically with regard to the center point of the strip. A numerical method is adopted in which the general form of the stress function expressed in the polar coordinates and its transformed equation in the rectangular coordinates are alternately used; the former with the method of the Fourier analysis for satisfaction of the boundary conditions on the circular edges, and the latter with the method of the Fourier transform for the conditions on the rectilinear edges. These boundary conditions are considered at points of finite numbers on both the edges. The stress concentration factors are calculated for the cases of the angles between the line connecting the centers of the holes and the center line of the strip being 0°, 45°, and 90°, and the calculated results are summarized in some diagrams.
Optimizing Graph Neural Networks for Jet Tagging in Particle Physics on FPGAs

This work proposes a novel reconfigurable architecture for reducing the latency of JEDI-net, a Graph Neural Network (GNN) based algorithm for jet tagging in particle physics, which achieves state-of-the-art accuracy. Accelerating JEDI-net is challenging since it requires low latency to deploy the network for event selection at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. This paper proposes an outer-product based matrix multiplication approach customized for GNN-based JEDI-net, which increases data spatial locality and reduces design latency. It is further enhanced by code transformation with strength reduction which exploits sparsity patterns and binary adjacency matrices to increase hardware efficiency while reducing latency. In addition, a customizable template for this architecture has been designed and open-sourced, which enables the generation of low-latency FPGA designs with efficient resource utilization using high-level synthesis tools. Evaluation results show that our FPGA implementation is up to 9.5 times faster and consumes up to 6.5 times less power than a GPU implementation. Moreover, the throughput of our FPGA design is sufficiently high to enable deployment of JEDI-net in a sub-microsecond, real-time collider trigger system, enabling it to benefit from improved accuracy.
Mesoscopic conductance fluctuations in multi-layer graphene

Multi-layer graphene has many unique properties for realizing graphene-based nano-electronic device applications as well as for fundamental studies. This paper mainly focuses on the conductance fluctuations in multi-layer graphene. The low-temperature saturation of dephasing time in multi-layer graphene is one order magnitude shorter than that in single-layer graphene, and the onset temperature of the low-temperature saturation of dephasing time in multi-layer graphene was significantly lower than that in single-layer graphene, which is noteworthy in the low-temperature saturation of dephasing time. We speculate that the carrier transport is shielded by capping transport and bottom layer graphene due to the substrate impurities and air molecules scattering.
Stationary and non-stationary noise in superconducting quantum devices

We consider two representative problems that deal with the fluctuator-induced decoherence from two very different perspectives-microscopic and macroscopic. In the first part, we consider an individual two-level system inside a Josephson junction shunted by a resistor. If the TLS modulates the Josephson energy and/or is optically active, it can be Rabi driven by the Josephson oscillation. The Rabi oscillations, in turn, translate into oscillations of current and voltage which can be detected in noise measurements. This effect provides an option to fully characterize the TLS inside Josephson junction and to find the TLS's contribution to the decoherence when the junction is used as a qubit. In the second part, we study the contribution of an ensemble of non-stationary glassy charge fluctuators on qubit decoherence. Low-temperature dynamics of insulating glasses is dominated by a macroscopic concentration of tunneling two-level systems. Due to exponentially broad distribution of their tunneling rates and the finite experimental manipulation timescales, some of the fluctuators are temporarily stuck in high-energy non-thermal states. We find that at low enough temperatures, non-stationary contribution due to these slow non-thermal fluctuators can dominate the stationary (thermal) one, and discuss how this effect can be minimized.
Analytical methods for calculating the distribution of the occupancy of each state within a multi-state flow system

We present analytical techniques for estimating the time-varying occupancy of each state within any multi-state flow system that can be represented as a particular type of directed graph called a rooted directed tree. Such systems have a single point of entry from which each other state within the system can be reached by exactly one directed path. The discrete-time model presented incorporates the use of time-varying and general distributions for the number of individuals entering the system and of general sojourn time distributions for each state. We illustrate the use of such analysis in the context of the delivery of mental health services in the community for people with common mental health problems and then discuss the possibility of adapting these methods with relation to systems that have a structure more complex than that of a rooted directed tree.
Impact of different dopants on the switching properties of ferroelectric hafniumoxide

The wake-up behavior of ferroelectric thin film capacitors based on doped hafnium oxide dielectrics in TiN-based metal–insulator–metal structures is reported. After field cycling a remanent polarization up to 40 µC/cm2 and a high coercive field of about 1 MV/cm was observed. Doping of HfO2 by different dopants with a crystal radius ranging from 54 pm (Si) to 132 pm (Sr) was evaluated. In all cases, an improved polarization–voltage hysteresis after wake-up cycling is visible. For smaller dopant atoms like Si and Al stronger pinching of the polarization hysteresis appeared with increasing dopant concentration and proved to be stable during cycling.
Biphoton interference with a multimode pump

We study the interference of biphotons generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion from a pump with several longitudinal modes. It is shown that biphotons can interfere if the time difference between their birth moments is a multiple, to an accuracy of the pump coherence time, of T[2L/c , where L is the pump cavity length. This effect, although observed with a cw pump, is similar to a recently reported interference of biphotons generated from time-separated pump pulses.
Polarization modal noise and dichroism in vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers

We show quantitatively how the limited polarization stability of vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers is related to the small dichroism and large quantum noise in these lasers. We introduce several techniques to measure this dichroism and noise. Suitable polarization projections are shown to yield either the heterodyne beat or the partition noise of the two polarization modes.
Some Remarks on a Simple Procedure of Sampling without Replacement

Abstract A general rule is proved for estimating the variance in multistage designs when the primary sampling units (psu's) are selected without replacement with unequal probabilities. The rule is used for variance estimation in the sampling scheme in which the N psu's in the stratum are split at random into n groups and one psu is selected with probability proportionate to size within each group. The status of a simpler variance estimator is examined.
Brightness-Enhanced Transflective Liquid Crystal Display Having Single-Cell Gap in Vertically Aligned Configuration

A brightness-enhanced transflective liquid crystal display having a single-cell gap was demonstrated in a vertically aligned (VA) configuration with a patterned retardation layer. The photopatterned retarder was made of a UV-polymerizable liquid crystal (LC) through a single patterning process. The homeotropic LC alignment in the transmissive region and the planar LC alignment in the reflective region were directly produced on the patterned retarder. High reflectance and fast response characteristics were achieved in a single VA transflective LCD with a patterned retardation layer.
Calibrated Precipitation Forecasts for a Limited-Area Ensemble Forecast System Using Reforecasts

Abstract The calibration of numerical weather forecasts using reforecasts has been shown to increase the skill of weather predictions. Here, the precipitation forecasts from the Consortium for Small Scale Modeling Limited Area Ensemble Prediction System (COSMO-LEPS) are improved using a 30-yr-long set of reforecasts. The probabilistic forecasts are calibrated on the exceedance of return periods, independently from available observations. Besides correcting for systematic model errors, the spatial and temporal variability in the amplitude of rare precipitation events is implicitly captured when issuing forecasts of return periods. These forecast products are especially useful for issuing warnings of upcoming events. A way to visualize those calibrated ensemble forecasts conveniently for end users and to present verification results of the return period–based forecasts for Switzerland is proposed. It is presented that, depending on the lead time and return period, calibrating COSMO-LEPS with reforecasts inc.
Stochastic $H^\infty$

We consider stochastic linear plants which are controlled by dynamic output feedback and subjected to both deterministic and stochastic perturbations. Our objective is to develop an $H^{\infty}$-type theory for such systems. We prove a bounded real lemma for stochastic systems with deterministic and stochastic perturbations. This enables us to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a stabilizing compensator which keeps the effect of the perturbations on the to-be-controlled output below a given threshhold $\gamma > 0$. In the deterministic case, the analogous conditions involve two uncoupled linear matrix inequalities, but in the stochastic setting we obtain coupled nonlinear matrix inequalities instead. The connection between $H^{\infty}$ theory and stability radii is discussed and leads to a lower bound for the radii, which is shown to be tight in some special cases.
Avoiding Real Harm but False Good: The Influence Mechanism of Political Relations on the Effectiveness of Environmental Regulation Policies

In environmental authoritarian countries, environmental pollution control relies on government environmental regulation. Theoretically, the certainty and severity of environmental regulation are the key factors in achieving its political goals. According to regulatory space theory, an effective regulatory system needs regulatory power and resources. However, the effectiveness of regulation may be decreased by the desperate need for resources, and the regulated enterprises can also affect environmental regulation through their information advantage and social networks. This paper focuses on how local environmental regulation can be achieved under these conditions. The analysis is conducted from two perspectives: the deterrence effect of punishment and the political connections maintained by enterprises. An empirical test was conducted by analyzing the research data from the 12th China Private Enterprise Survey in 2016. The study found that the severity of punishment is a mediator of environmental regulation in the promotion of enterprises’ investment in pollution control, and that it is moderated by the political relationships of enterprise managers. Compared with counterparts that have a less substantial political network, enterprises with more political networks may feel more pressure from environmental regulation policies, which leads to higher pollution fines. However, the promotion effect of environmental fines on an enterprise’s investment in pollution control is weakened due to its political relationships, thus weakening the effectiveness of the punishment. This paper clarifies the mechanism through which political connections weaken the effect of environmental regulation: political connections encourage firms to avoid real harm and do false good. Regulation is supposed to use fines as an incentive to improve the environment, but politically connected companies are more willing to pay fines (doing false good), than to invest in cleaning up pollution (avoiding real harm).
Properties of energetic-particle continuum modes destabilized by energetic ions with beam-like velocity distributions

Properties of energetic-particle continuum modes (EPMs) destabilized by energetic ions in tokamak plasmas were investigated using a hybrid simulation code for magnetohydrodynamics and energetic particles. The energetic ions are assumed to have beam-like velocity distributions for the purpose of clarifying the dependence on energetic ion velocity. It was found that for beam velocities lower than the Alfven velocity, the unstable modes are EPMs while the toroidal Alfven eigenmodes are unstable for the beam velocities well above the Alfven velocity. The EPMs destabilized by the copassing energetic ions and those destabilized by the counterpassing energetic ions differ in primary poloidal harmonics and spatial locations. The frequencies of the EPMs are located close to the shear Alfven continuous spectrum when they are compared at the spatial peak locations of the primary poloidal harmonic or compared at the spatial tails if the primary poloidal harmonic is m=1. The frequencies of the EPMs were carefully comp.
Chaotic behavior of rapidly oscillating Lagrangian systems

In the paper we prove that the Lagrangian system $ \ddot{q} = \alpha(\omega t) V'(q), \quad t \in \mathbb R, q \in \mathbb R^N,$ $\qquad\qquad (L_\omega)$ has, for some classes of functions $\alpha$, a chaotic behavior---more precisely the system has multi-bump solutions---for all $\omega$ large. These classes of functions include some quasi-periodic and some limit-periodic ones, but not any periodic function. We prove the result using global variational methods.
Confirmation among visual multiples of an increase of Ap stars with age

Open clusters with ages below certain threshold values contain no Ap stars and those with greater ages contain numbers of Ap stars that apparently increase with age. But in view of the few young clusters studied, the data could also be interpreted in terms of random differences in the frequencies of Ap stars between individual clusters, rather than an age effect. We therefore obtained data on 77 field visual multiple systems (that originated from many different clusters and associations) in which the primaries are O5-Al stars and the secondaries occur in the absolute magnitude range of the Ap stars. Again spectral classification shows no Ap stars in systems with ages < or =10/sup 6/ yr and a steady increase in Ap stars thereafter. The numerical agreement with the cluster data is good, confirming that the cluster data are exhibiting a real age effect.
Cosmic-ray muon radiography of UO2 fuel assembly

A technical demonstration of cosmic-ray muon radiography of a UO2 fuel assembly was performed at Toshiba Nuclear Critical Assembly (NCA). The fuel assembly in the NCA was imaged through obstacles such as steel and concrete. The result suggested that the method can be applicable to assess the damage to the reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Here, both scattering and displacement methods are presented, and the results are shown to agree with Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the Fukushima Daiichi reactor were performed, which showed capability of muon radiography to locate the fuel in the damaged reactors.
The Tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta as an Important Model Organism in the Experimental Parasitology of the 21st Century

The tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta is a common parasite of the small intestine in rodents but it can also infect humans. Due to its characteristics and ease of maintenance in the laboratory, H. diminuta is also an important model species in studies of cestodiasis, including the search for new drugs, treatments, diagnostics and biochemical processes, as well as its host–parasite interrelationships. A great deal of attention has been devoted to the immune response caused by H. diminuta in the host, and several studies indicate that infection with H. diminuta can reduce the severity of concomitant disease. Here, we present a critical review of the experimental research conducted with the use of H. diminuta as a model organism for over more than two decades (in the 21st century). The present review evaluates the tapeworm H. diminuta as a model organism for studying the molecular biology, biochemistry and immunology aspects of parasitology, as well as certain clinical applications. It also systematizes the latest research on this species. Its findings may contribute to a better understanding of the biology of tapeworms and their adaptation to parasitism, including complex correlations between H. diminuta and invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. It places particular emphasis on its value for the further development of modern experimental parasitology.
Morphology and Energetics of the Molecular Gas within a Core and a Diffuse Region in the Filamentary Dark Cloud GF 9

We have performed a CO, 13CO, and CS survey of a dense core region (GF 9–Core) and a diffuse filamentary region (GF 9–Fila) within the dark cloud GF 9 (LDN 1082). Spectra in each line were obtained toward 120 positions within each region covering areas of 8′ × 10′. GF 9–Core is associated with the Class 0 protostar IRAS PSC 20503+6006, while GF 9–Fila has no associated IRAS point sources. The median CO excitation temperature of the core region is 7.2 ± 0.5 K; for the filament region, the median temperature is 7.8 ± 0.5 K. The mass derived from the LTE isothermal analysis of 13CO is 53 ± 8 and 40 ± 6 M⊙ for GF 9–Core and GF 9–Fila, respectively. Using near-infrared extinction data to trace the H2 column density, the isothermal LTE assumptions for 13CO appear to break down at AV ≳ 3 mag. The near-infrared extinction data are used to correct the derived 13CO column densities, yielding mass estimates that are ∼20% larger than the LTE-derived masses. The average H2 volume densities for GF 9–Core and GF 9–Fila are ∼5000 ± 700 and ∼1700 ± 200 cm-3. Each region contains a 15 ± 3 M⊙ centrally condensed CS core, which is approximately 3 times more dense than the ambient 13CO regions. In GF 9–Core, the high-density gas core appears to be physically associated with the IRAS point source. Both high-density cores appear to be in virial equilibrium; however, the CS line widths in GF 9–Core are almost twice as large as those measured in GF 9–Fila. Because GF 9–Core is associated with the Class 0 protostar PSC 20503+6006, the CS line widths may be enhanced by outflow or infall motion. The additional nonturbulent line-broadening component caused by outflow/infall motion required to explain the line width implies a supersonic velocity of at least 0.3 km s-1 (Mach 1.5).