Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The South African Cash-In-Transit Heist Enterprise: Managing its Wellspring and Concatenation

Abstract South African cash-in-transit (CIT) robberies appear to be in a state of flux. According to the Minister of Police, Mr Bheki Cele, the incidence of these crimes has steadily decreased due to rapid response by the police in arresting more than 200 suspects between June and November 2018. Given the rhizomatic, eclectic nature of this crime type – and possible mechanical linkages and/or linear causality within the genesis of the crime – it is debatable whether arrests and incarceration offer a long-term solution. CIT robbers interviewed for this study reported that they were career criminals, less likely to be rehabilitated and that incarceration was only an interruption to their career. These findings were backed by life-course theories. This article contends that if the South African Criminal Justice System wants to curb CIT robberies, an investigation into proactive methods for combating the crime should be developed and risk reduction strategies crafted. After investigating possible causes of CIT robberies, this research made recommendations based on holistic measures involving the public, family, and various government and non-governmental departments. The research was conducted for a Master of Arts degree in Criminology. A mixed-method approach was followed and 40 incarcerated offenders who committed robbery with aggravating circumstances participated in the study.
The Influence of NAA, BA and Temperature on Shoot and Root Development from Begonia×cheimantha Petiole Segments Grown in vitro

The effect of exogenously supplied NAA and BA on the shoot and root formation in isolated petiole segments of Begonia×cheimantha was determined in vitro on a modified White medium at a constant temperature of 24°C. The best development of normally appearing plants was obtained on media containing 0.01 mg × 1−1 of NAA and 0.5 to 1.0 mg × 1−1 of BA. Lower concentrations of BA yielded no shoots, higher concentrations promoted shoot formation, but the shoots were abnormal with malformed leaves. Lower concentrations of NAA resulted in poorer survival rate and no roots, with higher concentrations of NAA many roots developed, but these were thickened and their longitudinal growth inhibited. Temperature proved to be of utmost importance for the induction of shoot formation. Thus significantly fewer shoots were formed at the higher temperature (25°C) than at lower temperatures (15 to 20°C). Temperature immediately after initial transfer was of greatest importance: 25°C, during the first week followed by low temperature, produced very few shoots.
Biogenic synthesis and characterization of Silver nanoparticles from seed extract of Spondia mombins and screening of its antibacterial activity

1Department of Microbiology Babcock University PMB 21244 Ikeja Lagos Nigeria 2Department of Chemical Sciences Redeemer's University Gbogan-Osogbo Road PMB 230 Ede 232001 3Department of Maternal and Child Health Babcock University PMB 21244 Ikeja Lagos Nigeria 4Department of Pure and Applied Biology Ladoke Akintola University of Technology PMB 4000 Ogbomoso Nigeria 5Department of Basic Sciences Babcock University PMB 21244 Ikeja Lagos Nigeria
Contributions from Dispersion and Born Self-Free Energies to the Solvation Energies of Salt Solutions

That the Born theory provides an accurate means of calculating solvation energies of ions in water has been demonstrated by Rashin and Honig (Rashin, A. A.; Honig, B. J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 5588). They could fit the experimental solvation energies of a number of salts nicely by a simple increase of 7% in the expected radii of all ions. However, as we demonstrate herein, there is an important previously ignored contribution due to the ionic dispersion self-free energy. The ionic parameters necessary to estimate the different contributions to solvation energy are the ionic radii, the ionic polarizabilities, and the ionization potentials. Whereas the polarizabilities and ionization potentials of a number of salts have recently been derived ab initio (in both vacuum and water), the appropriate choices of radii are less well-known. We pursue two different approaches to assign the ionic radii. In the first approach, we find that an increase of all expected radii by 23% gives reasonable agreement between theory and experiment (to within 6%). In the second approach, we increased the expected radii of six ions separately (10-30%) to obtain a best fit for the nine salts investigated. In this second approach, the deviations between theory and experiment were less than 0.1%. The essential point is that a proper theory must include contributions from both electrostatic (Born) and electrodynamic (dispersion) self-free energies.
Novel green method of preparation of a poly (ethylene oxide)/graphene nanocomposite using organic salt assisted dispersion

Nanocomposites of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and graphene were made in aqueous solution using an organic salt containing a carboxylate ion and a carboxylic acid group. The cation corresponding to the carboxylate ion interacts with the π electron clouds of graphene through cation–π interaction and promotes the exfoliation of graphene sheets. The carboxylic acid group of the modifier forms H-bonds with the PEO and thereby improves interfacial adhesion. The effect of the number of carbon atoms present in the modifier on its dispersing ability was investigated. It was observed that there exists an optimum number of carbon atoms present in the modifier with respect to the level of dispersion of graphene in the related nanocomposites as examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites having various concentrations of graphene were evaluated and compared with the theoretical values using the Halpin–Tsai model. The crystallization behavior of the PEO upon incorporation of modified graphene was studied by temperature modulated differential scanning colorimetry (MDSC) and discussed as well. The dispersion process used here is green as it does not require any toxic solvent or hazardous material for modification of graphene.
Evaluation of the cytotoxic and immunogenic potential of temozolamide, panobinostat, and Lophophora williamsii extract against C6 glioma cells

Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant neoplasm of the brain with poor prognosis. The first-line drug against glioblastoma is the alkylating agent temozolamide (TMZ); unfortunately, treatment resistance and tumor re-incidence are common. In some cases, immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers can decrease treatment resistance and tumor recurrence by stimulating an antitumor specific immune response. Not all ICD inducers, however, are suitable for glioma patients because of the low permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Panobinostat (PAN), a histone deacetylase inhibitor and Lophophora williamsii (LW) extract can pass through the BBB and have antitumor properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of TMZ, PAN and LW extract against the glioma C6 cell line, and its role in the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which is a hallmark of ICD. Our results indicate that all treatments induce cellular death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and that PAN and LW extract induce apoptosis, whereas TMZ induces apoptosis and necrosis. Also, that some of the treatments and their sequential administration induce the release of DAMPs. Furthermore, in a rat glioma model, we observed that all treatments decreased tumor volume, but the in vivo cell death mechanism was not ICD. Our findings indicate that TMZ, PAN, and LW combination have a cytotoxic effect against glioma cells but do not induce ICD.
HAMMETT ACIDITY FUNCTION FOR MIXED ZrO 2 -SiO 2 OXIDE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

The mixed ZrO 2 -SiO 2 oxides with different 4 ≥ Zr/Si ≥ 0.25 atomic ratios have been prepared using a sol-gel method. It was shown that the concentration-strength acid site distributions on the surface of ZrO 2 -SiO 2 are caused by Zr 4+ /Si 4+ ratio. The ZrO 2 -SiO 2 with Zr/Si = 0.5 is characterized by the highest strength of acid sites ( Н 0 = –11.35). According to the IR-spectra of adsorbed pyridine, the B- and L-acid sites are present in the ZrO 2 -SiO 2 samples with Zr/Si<1 whereas at Zr/Si>1 only L-sites are formed. Basing on the UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra of adsorbed indicators, the H 0 values for ZrO 2 -2SiO 2 have been determined at elevated temperatures. The Hammett acidity function reaches the superacid value of Н 0 ≤ –14.5 at Т ≥ 85 ° С .
Fontes e manejos da adubação nitrogenada em algodoeiro

The development of new technologies that aim at increasing the efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizers is essential for the agricultural sustainability. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the cotton plants response to different topdressing N sources, under no-till system, in the Brazilian Savannah, in the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 growing seasons. Treatments consisted of three N sources (urea, urea with urease inhibitor and ammonium nitrate) and two topdressing N fertilization applications (one application at V 5 and two applications, as it follows: 50% at V 5 + 50% at B 6 ), plus a control (without topdressing N). The ammonium nitrate application provided the best results for both seasons, while the urea with urease inhibitor differed from urea only in the first season. The topdressing N fertilization provided different results among crops, being dependent of environmental conditions. If there is sufficient rainfall to incorporate the N to soil, better yields can be expected, when all the topdressing fertilization takes place at the V 5 stage.
Mass Spectrometric and Computational Studies of Heterofullerenes ([C58Pt]-, [C59Pt]+) Obtained by Laser Ablation of Electrochemically Deposited Films

Fullerenes with metal atoms substituted into the carbon framework have been observed in laser ablation studies of electrochemically prepared C60/Pt or C60/Ir(CO)2) films that contain polymeric, covalently bound chains: ···C60MLxC60MLxC60MLx··· (MLx = Ir(CO)2 or Pt). The C60/Pt film upon laser ablation produces the ions [C58Pt]- and [C56Pt]-, which result from the substitution of a platinum atom for two carbon atoms, and [C57Pt2]-, which incorporates two platinum atoms into the cage. The C60/Ir(CO)2 film produces a different series of products, [C59Ir]-, [C58Ir]-, [C57Ir]-, and [C56Ir]-, in which an iridium atom can replace one or two carbon atoms within the fullerene cage. Studies of the structures of [C58M]- by density functional theory (DFT) show that the isomer with the metal atom replacing the C2 unit at a 6:6 ring junction of the fullerene is more stable than the less symmetrical isomer with the metal replacing a C2 unit at a 5:6 ring junction. Evidence for the ability of the metal atoms in some of .
OH Yields in the Gas-Phase Reactions of Ozone with Alkenes

Hydroxyl radical yields are reported for the gas-phase ozonolyses of a range of alkenes. 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was employed as an OH tracer, and the diminution in its concentration was used to calculate OH yields by both a simple analytical kinetic expression and a numerically integrated model. The following OH yields were obtained, relative to alkene consumed: ethene (0.14), propene (0.32), 2-methylpropene (0.60), 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (0.89), isoprene (0.44), β-pinene (0.24), and α-pinene (0.83). A structure activity relationship (SAR) is presented for the estimation of OH yields based on structural moieties and reaction branching ratios. Reaction stoichiometries (Δ[alkene]/Δ[ozone]) are also reported, along with primary carbonyl yields measured in the presence and absence of excess SO2, both under “OH-free” conditions. Reaction stoichiometries are shown to be correlated with alkene OH yields, and the mechanistic implications of this observation are discussed. The fractional increase in primary carbon.
Job Satisfaction Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) OCB in a Non-Western context.. Major Perspectives in Organizational Justice Reengineering Selection

approved: '-",. -. ~ . A=c. )V'v·~/\. Past research studies have examined the effect of different types of organizational In Psychology presented on August 11, 2003 Title: Employees' Perceptions of Organizational Justice on Job Satisfaction and justice (distributive, procedural, and interactional) on work attitudes and behaviors like job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). The previous researchers emphasized the strength ofprocedural justice and its effect on work attitudes as compared to distributive and interactional justice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences (if any exist) between employees with high perceptions of organizational justice and those with moderate and low perceptions of organizational justice and their effect on job satisfaction and OCB. The researcher found significant differences between these three groups and their effect on job satisfaction and OCB. The researcher also investigated the differences between employees with high and low perceptions of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice and their subsequent effect on job satisfaction and OCB. Again, the researcher found significant differences for these groups. Job satisfaction was also significantly and positively correlated with OCB. Overall, all hypotheses in this study were strongly supported with significant differences between all groups. Implications, limitations of the study and future research directions are discussed. Employees' Perceptions of Organizational Justice on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior A Thesis Presented to the Department of Psychology and Special Education EMPORIA STATE UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Alok A. Bhupatkar August 2003 I 11' ". , (" i 't~. ;;,0
Physiso‐Chemical and Thermophysical Properties of Cubic Binary Carbides

A summary of selected thermophysical properties of refractory metallic carbides is reported with a critical evaluation of the data. A target of this work was to collect a wide and selected set of data spanning from physical and physico-chemical parameters to more specialistic physico-mechanical items of informations, all useful for technological applications. A second target was to obtain a comprehensive view of the matter concerning cubic carbides. On the collected data the authors have carried out a number of elaborations, correlation analyses, search for trends and graphic presentations in order to assess the validity of numerical figures inside a more general context and to extract some physical and/or physico-chemical meaning also through the aid of proposed equations.
A UNIFIED MONTE CARLO TREATMENT OF GAS–GRAIN CHEMISTRY FOR LARGE REACTION NETWORKS. II. A MULTIPHASE GAS-SURFACE-LAYERED BULK MODEL

The observed gas-phase molecular inventory of hot cores is believed to be significantly impacted by the products of chemistry in interstellar ices. In this study, we report the construction of a full macroscopic Monte Carlo model of both the gas-phase chemistry and the chemistry occurring in the icy mantles of interstellar grains. Our model treats icy grain mantles in a layer-by-layer manner, which incorporates laboratory data on ice desorption correctly. The ice treatment includes a distinction between a reactive ice surface and an inert bulk. The treatment also distinguishes between zeroth- and first-order desorption, and includes the entrapment of volatile species in more refractory ice mantles. We apply the model to the investigation of the chemistry in hot cores, in which a thick ice mantle built up during the previous cold phase of protostellar evolution undergoes surface reactions and is eventually evaporated. For the first time, the impact of a detailed multilayer approach to grain mantle formation on the warm-up chemistry is explored. The use of a multilayer ice structure has a mixed impact on the abundances of organic species formed during the warm-up phase. For example, the abundance of gaseous HCOOCH3 is lower in the multilayer model than in previous grain models that do not distinguish between layers (so-called two phase models). Other gaseous organic species formed in the warm-up phase are affected slightly. Finally, we find that the entrapment of volatile species in water ice can explain the two-jump behavior of H2CO previously found in observations of protostars.
On the Forces between Atoms and Ions

The ultimate knowledge which we can hope to derive from many of the physical properties of gases and crystals is that which concerns the nature of the forces between the constituent atoms and ions. In terms of these forces many diverse phenomena both of gases and solids should be explicable. In some recent researches the writer has sought to determine the repulsive part of the forces between certain atoms and ions in terms of inverse power laws. This representation is considered superior to the treatment of atoms and ions as rigid spheres with definite diameters, as is generally done, for it permits of the correlation of the physical properties of a gas with those of certain associated crystals. Thus the forces which explain the thermal conductivity of neon have been shown to explain as well the observed spacing constants of crystals like NaF and MgO. These researches had their starting point in an investigation of certain physical properties of the pure gases, and this formed a necessary preliminary step to the later work on crystals. The methods there developed were, however, applicable only to neon and argon, for only in those cases was the necessary experimental information available. Consequently the later extension to include the forces of ions applied only to ions of similar electronic structure to these gases.
Community pharmacist home visit-based intervention improved diabetes patients’ outcomes: A randomized controlled trial

Tunggul Adi Purwonugroho1*, Budi Raharjo1,2, Laksmi Maharani1, Ika Mustikaningtias1, Vitis Vini Fera Ratna Utami1, Githa Fungi Galistiani2, Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh1, Hening Pratiwi1, Pugud Samodro3, Jamaludin Al J. Efendi4, Didik Setiawan2 1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia 2Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia 3Faculty of Medicine, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia 4Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pekalongan, Pekalongan, Indonesia
Removal of Lead(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Manganese Oxide-Coated Adsorbents: Characterization and Kinetic Study

Manganese oxide-coated sand (MOCS) and manganese oxide-coated crushed brick (MOCB) were characterized and employed for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods and BET analyses were used to study the surface properties of the adsorbents. Adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions was investigated by batch experiments. The estimated optimum pH for Pb(II) ion retention by the considered adsorbents was 5. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms provided a reasonable fit to the experimental data for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions. The adsorption capacities of the coated adsorbents at a pH value of 5 and a temperature of 20 °C were 0.029 mmol/g and 0.030 mmol/g for MOCS and MOCB, respectively. The adsorption kinetics were tested using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations as well as the intraparticle diffusion model, with the rate constants from the three kinetic models being calculated. The best correlation coefficients were obtained using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Results from this study suggest that the manganese oxide-coated sorbent is potentially suitable for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions.
A transition path from the zinc-blende to the NaCl type

In order to find a transition path from the zinc-blende to the NaCl type both structures are described with the aid of heterogeneous sphere packings. If all atoms in such crystal structures are replaced by like ones, atomic arrangements result that correspond to homogeneous sphere packings belonging to the diamond type or forming a cubic primitive lattice, respectively. It is shown, that a diamond configuration may be deformed into a cubic primitive lattice within the Wyckoff position Imma 4(e) mm2 0,¼,z. The corresponding phase transition in binary compounds from the zinc-blende to the NaCl type can be described as a deformation of a heterogeneous sphere packing in the subgroup Imm2 of Imma. Since no bonds have to be broken this type of transition is displacive. In addition, structural relations between high-pressure phases of semiconductors like silicon and germanium and related AB compounds are shown.
STUDIES ON PARASITIC GASTROENTERITIS IN SHEEP

This study was carried out throughout one year from January 2004 to December 2004 at Gharbia governorate, Egypt, to determine some epidemiological and clinical features concerning parasitic gastroenteritis in sheep. Moreover the efficacy of chicory against parasitic gastroenteritis was studied. Out of 325 native breed sheep examined, 233 animals proved to be infested with parasitic gastroenteritis representing an incidence rate of 71.69%. The highest infestation rate was recorded in mobile flocks among young age from 1 to 2 years during winter and autumn, whereas the susceptibility was not significantly affected by sex. Trichostrongylus spp. , Strongyloides spp. and Trichuris spp. were recorded. Clinically, infested sheep showed signs of emaciation, diarrhea, poor growth rate, wool easily detached and pale mucous membrane. Necropsy finding of sheep infested with Haemonchosis revealed hyperemia, ulcers and petechial hemorrhages on infested abomasa. Whereas, histopathological examination revealed mononuclear cell infiltration in between mucosal glands and in the lamina propria in addition to necrosis and sloughing of mucosal epithelium. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) as green fodder had a good role in prevention of infestation with parasitic gastroenteritis, in addition it increase the live body weight gain. Moreover, its extract in vitro, decreased hatchability and development of nematode eggs and reduced the viability of obtained larvae at low concentration while the high concentration lead to death of these larvae.
Organisational Performance and HRM Practices

Nowadays, HRM has become an important function in the company and a strategic dimension which led many companies to include in their plans and policies. This importance has gone crescendo since the pressure of external environment is hardly strange to the outbreak of HRM and its conspicuous metamorphosis. Hence, more and more companies are implementing HR practices that can boost their organizational performance. Nevertheless, the link between HR practices and performance is not fully explained due to apparently little empirical research. The concern of the current pape r is to highlight this relationship through seeking to select HR practices that promote performance based on the adopted business strategy. The objective of this research is to explain how the application of HRM practices can increase organizational performance. To answer our research question, we chose the case study of a Tunisian company that has employed over 600 people specialized in metal construction and boilermaking. Methedologically, to understand the company's practices and its business strategy, we conducted two interviews that concerned the HR manager of the company and the head of operations. The interviews that we conducted revealed that the company recorded a substantial difficulty in aligning HRM practices with business strategy and organizational objectives and it invests very little in the development of skills although it offers a product respecting the highest quality standards. The last deficiency shows that there is lack of strategic planning and lack of shared organizational vision that cause constraints to the identification of objectives and management practices to be implemented.