Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic motion of a compressible vortex ring

The dynamic motion of a compressible vortex ring is studied by using an optical shadowgraph. A vortex ring treated here is generated by the impulse of a shock wave emerging from the open end of a shock-tube into the atmosphere. A jet flow ejecting from the shock-tube follows behind the vortex ring. The vortex ring moves forward at a self-induced velocity of 135 m/s. A rearward-facing shock wave is formed inside the vortex ring. This shock travels upstream, and leaves the vortex ring. A very thin vortex ring appears on the front interface of the main vortex ring. The instability wave is entrained in the main vortex core filament, and amplified. The disturbed jet flow behind the ring passes through the inside of the ring. As the region between the main vortex core and the interface of the vortex ring is filled with turbulent vortices, the tin vortex ring moves rearward on the interface of the vortex ring. The vortex ring becomes turbulent-like.
Comparison of Estimation Sonic Shear Wave Time Using Empirical Correlations and Artificial Neural Network

Wellbore instability and sand production onset modeling are very affected by Sonic Shear Wave Time (SSW). In any field, SSW is not available for all wells due to the high cost of measuring. Many authors developed empirical correlations using information from selected worldwide fields for SSW prediction. Recently, researchers have used different Artificial Intelligence methods for estimating SSW. Three existing empirical correlations of Carroll, Freund, and Brocher are used to estimate SSW in this paper, while a fourth new empirical correlation is established. For comparing with the empirical correlation results, another study's Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used. The same data that was adopted by the ANN study was used here where it is comprised of 1922 measured points of SSW and the other nine parameters of Gamma Ray, Compressional Sonic, Caliper, Neutron Log, Density Log, Deep Resistivity, Azimuth Angle, Inclination Angle, and True Vertical Depth from one Iraqi directional well. Three existing empirical correlations are based only on Compressional Sonic Wave Time (CSW) for predicting SSW. In the same way of developing previous correlations, a fourth empirical correlation was developed by using all measured data points of SSW and CSW. A comparison demonstrated that utilizing ANN was better for SSW predicting with a higher R2 equal to 0.966 and lower other statistical coefficients than utilizing four empirical correlations, where correlations of Carroll, Freund, Brocher, and developed fourth had R2 equal to 0.7826, 0.7636, 0.6764, and 0.8016, respectively, with other statistical parameters that show the new developed correlation best than the other three existing. The use of ANN or new developed correlation in future SSW calculations is relevant to decision makers due to a number of limitations and target SSW accuracy.
Verification of Quantitative Precipitation Reforecasts over the Southeastern United States

AbstractNOAA’s second-generation reforecasts are approximately consistent with the operational version of the 2012 NOAA Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS). The reforecasts allow verification to be performed across a multidecadal time period using a static model, in contrast to verifications performed using an ever-evolving operational modeling system. This contribution examines three commonly used verification metrics for reforecasts of precipitation over the southeastern United States: equitable threat score, bias, and ranked probability skill score. Analysis of the verification metrics highlights the variation in the ability of the GEFS to predict precipitation across amount, season, forecast lead time, and location. Beyond day 5.5, there is little useful skill in quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) or probabilistic QPFs. For lighter precipitation thresholds [e.g., 5 and 10 mm (24 h)−1], use of the ensemble mean adds about 10% to the forecast skill over the deterministic control. QPFs have i.
Orbital angular momentum of a high-order Bessel light beam

The orbital angular momentum density of Bessel beams is calculated explicitly within a rigorous vectorial treatment. This allows us to investigate some aspects that have not been analysed previously, such as the angular momentum content of azimuthally and radially polarized beams. Furthermore, we demonstrate experimentally the mechanical transfer of orbital angular momentum to trapped particles in optical tweezers using a high-order Bessel beam. We set transparent particles of known dimensions into rotation, where the sense of rotation can be reversed by changing the sign of the singularity. Quantitative results are obtained for rotation rates. This paper's animations are available from the Multimedia Enhancements page.
A Potential-Real-Time Thigh Orientation Prediction Method Based on Two Shanks-Mounted IMUs and Its Clinical Application

The detection and evaluation of gait kinematics is vital for patient diagnosis and rehabilitation. Aiming at limitations of commonly used optical capture and wearable sensing systems in clinical applications, this paper proposes a thigh attitude angle prediction method based on the hip error tolerance from the kinematic data of two shank-mounted IMUs (Inertial Measurement Unit). The novelties of the proposed method are summarized as follows: i) It develops a parallel approach to regress variation of hip error tolerance for different subjects. This parallel approach, by simultaneously deconstructing the shank kinematics data via different regression algorithm including support vector machine, boosting tree, and stepwise linearity regression, is able to well accommodate the characteristics of both health subjects and patients. ii) It develops some evaluation indices based on gait symmetry, consistency, and activity to fully evaluate the human lower limbs motion performance in gait by only two IMUs. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the experimental results among 8 healthy subjects and 16 cerebral infarction patients. For the healthy subjects, the estimated error of thigh prediction compared with Xsens and Vicon are 3.3 ± 0.3° and 3.5 ± 0.7°, respectively. For the patients, the estimated error compared with Xsens-measured angle is 4.8 ± 1.7°. Its broad significance in actual intelligent healthcare and robotics-assisted rehabilitation is three-fold: First, it is a recursive real-time method as it only needs data from the previous gait cycle to predict the thigh angle. Second, its accuracy meets the actual clinical needs. Third, it is a low-cost method that only needs two IMUs and has high potentials of clinical applications. Note to Practitioners—Gait is of great significance to quantify the degree of movement disorders in clinical practice, and the existing equipment is rarely able to meet the needs of full dimension, low cost, and low place constraints in clinical practice. This paper presents an innovative gait kinematic prediction method, which only uses two IMUs attached to the shanks to predict the orientation of thigh. Compared with related works, the proposed methods have achieved high-precision, real-time and low-cost acquisition. This paper is inspired by the problems of large number, high motion interference, and high cost of wearable gait measurement devices in clinical practice. The proposed method have potential to be integrated into exoskeletons and medical walking AIDS, which could greatly improve the comfort and control precision of the wearable system.
Does gender matter in online courses? A view through the lens of the community of inquiry

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether gender differences exist in relationships between the three presences – teaching, cognitive and social – in the community of inquiry (CoI) model and online students’ learning experiences measured with perceived learning and course satisfaction. Participants were 657 undergraduates taking online courses at a university in South Korea. Results showed significant differences in sub-elements of cognitive and social presence by gender. In addition, regression analyses revealed that sub-elements of the CoI predicted online students’ perceived learning and course satisfaction differently by gender. A discussion explains gender differences in online courses in South Korea in which a prerecorded video was the principal modality of learning. Finally, practical implications to enhance diverse students’ success are proposed from the perspective of the CoI model. Implications for practice or policy: Despite the development of the CoI specifically for a discussion-based online course, it can still be used to predict students’ learning experiences in video-based online learning. Considering gender difference when designing and developing an online course may enhance student learning experiences in online learning. Changing the way the videos are created may contribute to enhancing the three presences in the CoI model, which essentially improve online students’ learning experiences.
THE ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS USING INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES

which the relationships are not exact, so that a set of ideal economic variables is assumed to be generated by a set of dynamic stochastic relationships, as in Koopmans [12], and the actual economic time series are assumed to differ from the ideal economic variables because of random disturbances or measurement errors. The asymptotic error variance matrix for the coefficients of one of the relationships is obtained in the case in which these relationships are estimated using instrumental variables. With this variance matrix we are able to discuss the problem of choice that arises when there are more instrumental variables available than the minimum number required to enable the method to be used. A method of estimation is derived which involves a characteristic equation already considered by Hotelling in defining the canonical correlation [10]. This method was previously suggested by Durbin [7]. The same estimates would be obtained by the maximum-likelihood limited
Stability of periodic solutions for Lipschitz systems obtained via the averaging method

Existence and asymptotic stability of the periodic solutions of the Lipschitz system x'(t) = eF(t, x, e) is hereby studied via the averaging method. The traditional C 1 dependence of F(s,.e,) on z is relaxed to the mere strict differentiability of F(s,.,0) at z = z 0 for e = 0, giving room to potential applications for structured nonsmooth systems.
Hypomorphic and dominant-negative impact of truncated SOX9 dysregulates Hedgehog–Wnt signaling, causing campomelia

Significance SOX9 heterozygous mutations cause skeletal malformation and bent bones of Campomelia Dysplasia. The cause of bent bones and whether similar molecular mechanisms apply in vivo for all heterozygous mutations in SOX9 are unclear. In this study, we generated a mouse equivalent of the human CD SOX9Y440X mutation, which truncates the C-terminal transactivation domain. We discovered, unlike the null mutation, heterozygosity for Sox9Y440X exerts cell autonomous and noncell autonomous dominant-negative effects on WNT and HH signaling, dysregulating osteogenesis, causing campomelia. Our study provides mechanistic insight into SOX9’s molecular control of human skeletal morphogenesis, that is relevant for normal control of bone shapes, life-limiting congenital growth defects, and the recapitulated processes of chondroosteogenesis in clinical scenarios such as during fracture repair.
Study of Thai Youths in the Northeastern Region of Thailand on the Effectiveness of Digital Payment Behavior

Abstract Digital payment or e-payment is well known in the present digital age and cashless society because of its variety and benefit. With an increasing amount of digital payment technology, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) has been utilized for decades to investigate consumers’ acceptance. However, youths’ behavioral intention toward digital payment usage in northeastern Thailand is unknown. We thus collected the data from 384 participants of Thai youths in the northeastern region. We discovered that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence expectancy positively influence youth’s behavioral intention. In addition, facilitating conditions and behavioral intention have a positive effect on youth’s use behavior. Furthermore, we found behavioral intention to be the strongest determinant in use behavior and that behavioral intention is the most influenced by performance expectancy. This result implies that more functional digital payment solutions lead to a robust intention to use by consumers. We anticipate that digital payment service providers will develop functional services and a user-friendly interface for the market. In a similar vein, we also expect businesses and entrepreneurs, as well as virtual or physical operations, to adopt digital payments and offer them to both existing and potential consumers.
Vortex dynamics and the evolution of water vapour in the stratosphere of the southern hemisphere

The seasonal evolution of water vapour in the stratosphere of the southern hemisphere is studied by using water vapour measurements made by the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. This evolution is interpreted with the aid of meteorological fields produced at the UK Meteorological Office by data assimilation. The processes governing the distribution of water vapour are clarified by focusing on the physical and dynamical conditions in and around the stratospheric polar vortex. Sustained diabatic descent in the vortex causes isopleths of water vapour mixing ratio to dip down markedly in the polar vortex, strengthening radial gradients of water vapour in the westerly jet, while stretching and folding of material lines in anticyclones adjacent to the polar vortex leads to a widening zone of weak horizontal gradients of water vapour. The circulation is discussed in terms of the dynamics of interacting vortices. Two different flow regimes are identified : (a) mid and late southern winter, with a strong polar vortex and one or more eastward-travelling anticyclone ; and (b) spring, with a relatively weak polar vortex and a quasi-stationary anticyclone. The phenomenon of merger of anticyclones, already observed in the stratosphere of the northern hemisphere, is documented for the southern hemisphere. A detailed study of the tracer transport during merger is made by computing the isentropic advection of many thousands of particles. A comparison is made of the seasonal evolution of water vapour in the stratosphere of the southern and northern hemispheres.
A Lectin Model for Unresponsiveness

A mitogen model for unresponsiveness has been studied. In 72-hr cultures the lowest supraoptimal dose of Concanavalin (Con A) showing no stimulation of rat thymocytes above background was 160 µg/ml. This dose was also found to inhibit substantially (50%) the high spontaneous DNA synthesis by thymocytes during the first 24 hr of culture. This effect was most significant 12 to 24 hr after addition of high-dose Con A. It was not necessary for the cells to remain continuously with high-dose Con A, since washing out unbound Con A after 1 hr still led to reduced 3H-thymidine incorporation at 24 or 72 hr. Furthermore, high-dose Con A treatment suppressed DNA synthesis when added at 48 hr to cultures optimally stimulated with Con A. Interaction with high-dose Con A appears to inhibit the ability of cells to initiate new rounds of DNA synthesis without blocking ongoing DNA replication. Removal of Con A with α-methyl-D-mannopyranoside (mannose) led to only partial reversal of these effects after 1 hr although “unresponsiveness” was reversible at 15 min. Suppression was not due to cytotoxic or agglutinating effects of the high-dose Con A. Two × 106 thymocytes exposed to 160 µg of Con A for 1 hr bound 1.7 µg, 86% of which was elutable with mannose. There was no reduction in the ability of high-dose treated cells to bind a subsequent optimal dose of Con A. Since Con A binds to essentially all thymocytes, this system is useful in following early events in the induction of lectin “unresponsiveness” as a model for immunologic tolerance.
The Role of Advertising in High-Tech Medical Procedures: Evidence from Robotic Surgeries

Hospital advertising has grown more than five-fold in the past two decades. However, unlike detailing and advertising for prescription drugs, the topic of hospital advertising has been understudied. This research introduces a customer-centric view to this market by investigating the role of advertising in patients’ choice of high-tech medical procedures, with a focus on robotic surgery. The authors analyze approximately 140,000 individual patient records and television advertising data from Florida during 2011–2015 to investigate how hospital advertising of robotic surgery affects patients’ choice of robotic surgery over more conventional laparoscopic and open surgeries. Using a variation of a designated market area border identification strategy, the authors find that this advertising leads to more robotic surgery choices. The advertising effect is especially strong for Medicaid patients, whose socioeconomic status tends to be lower. While robotic surgery is associated with a short-term health benefit (i.e., reduced length of hospital stay), it does not affect long-term health benefits and comes at a higher cost than other forms of surgery. Thus, understanding the effect of advertising robotic surgery has significant health, cost, and marketing implications for different stakeholders in the health care industry, such as patients, health care providers, surgical robot manufacturers, insurance providers, and policy makers.
Morphological Characteristics and Body Composition in Female Kata and Kumite Karatekas

Elite female karatekas should have specific morphological characteristics suitable for their specializations. This study aimed to determine the differences in morphological characteristics and body composition of female karatekas according to different specializations. This study consisted of a total of 15 female karatekas divided according to specialization in kumite (fighting) and kata (form or movement pattern) disciplines. The subject sample included healthy, female senior karatekas, with no prior injuries divided into kumite (n-8, 22.75±4.65 years) and kata (n-7, 22.00±4.58 years) athletes. Morphological characteristics and body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height (BH), body mass (BM), triceps skinfold (TS), biceps skinfold (BiS), back skinfold (BS), abdominal skinfold (AS), upper leg skinfold (UlS), lower leg skinfold (LlS), body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (FP), and muscle mass percentages (MP). Based on the t-test for small independent samples, findings showed that female kata and kumite karatekas do not have different morphological characteristics. Although there was no difference in morphological characteristics, for more complete conclusions an analysis should be performed on a larger sample of elite female karate athletes.
Exploring EFL Teachers’ Teaching Process in Reading PISA-Like Reading Texts

This paper presents partial results of a research project aiming to develop a training program for teachers to teach PISA-like reading texts with 24 participating teachers (10 Indonesian language teachers and 14 English language teachers) conducted in 2021. The result of the study has also been reported in Emilia, Sujatna, and Kurniasih (2022). This study centers around the early stage of training, focusing on the teachers’ initial ability in teaching reading practice prior to the training. The data were collected from peer teaching and lesson plans made by the teachers prior to the sessions on teaching PISA-like reading texts. The data were then analyzed based on the theory of PISA Reading (OECD, 2019), reading as a social process (Wallace, 1992; Gibbons, 2014), and teaching reading through the use of text-based instructions (Emilia, 2011; Rose & Martin, 2012; Rose, 2020). The result of the study shows that some teachers had bridged the students’ access to text by activating their prior knowledge to help them understand the text. Nevertheless, some teachers had not provided guidance for the students when they read. This result suggests that the teachers still need guidance to teach reading, especially in teaching PISA-like reading texts. Hence, the data confirm the need for training teachers to teach PISA-like reading texts. AbstrakJurnal ini menyajikan sebagian hasil dari proyek penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan program pelatihan bagi guru untuk mengajar teks membaca setara PISA dengan 24 guru peserta (10 guru bahasa Indonesia dan 14 guru bahasa Inggris) yang dilakukan pada tahun 2021. Bagian lain dari proyek penelitian ini juga telah telah dilaporkan dalam Emilia, Sujatna, dan Kurniasih (2022). Studi ini berpusat pada tahap awal pelatihan, yang berfokus pada kemampuan awal guru dalam mengajarkan membaca sebelum diberikan input pelatihan. Data penelitian diperoleh dari sesi peer teaching dan RPP yang dibuat oleh guru sebelum diberikan sesi input pengajaran teks bacaan mirip PISA. Data penelitian kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan teori PISA Reading (OECD, 2019), membaca sebagai proses sosial (Wallace, 1992; Gibbons, 2014), dan pengajaran bahasa berbasis teks (Emilia, 2011; Rose & Martin, 2012; Mawar, 2020). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa guru terlihat mampu untuk menjembatani akses siswa untuk membaca teks dengan mengaktifkan pengetahuan awal mereka yang dapat membantu mereka memahami teks. Namun demikian, beberapa guru terlihat masih belum memberikan bimbingan kepada siswa ketika mereka membaca. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa guru masih membutuhkan bimbingan untuk mengajar membaca, terutama dalam mengajar teks bacaan mirip PISA. Oleh karena itu, data mengkonfirmasi perlunya pelatihan guru untuk mengajar teks bacaan seperti PISA.
MSP : Refine Boundary Segmentation via Multiscale Superpixel

In this paper, we propose a simple but effective message passing method to improve the boundary quality for the semantic segmentation result. Inspired by the generated sharp edges of superpixel blocks, we employ superpixel to guide the information passing within feature map. Simultaneously, the sharp boundaries of the blocks also restrict the message passing scope. Specifically, we average features that the superpixel block covers within feature map, and add the result back to each feature vector. Further, to obtain sharper edges and farther spatial dependence, we develop a multiscale superpixel module (MSP) by a cascade of different scales superpixel blocks. Our method can be served as a plug-and-play module and easily inserted into any segmentation network without introducing new parameters. Extensive experiments are conducted on three strong baselines, namely PSPNet, DeeplabV3, and DeepLabV3+, and four challenging scene parsing datasets including ADE20K, Cityscapes, PASCAL VOC, and PASCAL Context. The experimental results verify its effectiveness and generalizability.
Smallpox, Monkeypox and Other Human Orthopoxvirus Infections

Considering that vaccination against smallpox with live vaccinia virus led to serious adverse effects in some cases, the WHO, after declaration of the global eradication of smallpox in 1980, strongly recommended to discontinue the vaccination in all countries. This led to the loss of immunity against not only smallpox but also other zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections in humans over the past years. An increasing number of human infections with zoonotic orthopoxviruses and, first of all, monkeypox, force us to reconsider a possible re-emergence of smallpox or a similar disease as a result of natural evolution of these viruses. The review contains a brief analysis of the results of studies on genomic organization and evolution of human pathogenic orthopoxviruses, development of modern methods for diagnosis, vaccination, and chemotherapy of smallpox, monkeypox, and other zoonotic human orthopoxvirus infections.