Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Substrate Resistance Effect on Charge-Pumping Current in Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistors

A model is proposed to explain the pulse transition time dependence of the charge-pumping current in polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors (poly-Si TFTs). When the gate pulse transition times are short, the charge-pumping current is increased abnormally due to the substrate resistance of poly-Si TFTs. The model is in good agreement with measured charge-pumping current, which enables accurate trap characterization.
Global solutions and blow‐up phenomena for the periodic b‐equation

In the paper, we mainly study the Cauchy problem of a family of asymptotically equivalent shallow water wave equations, the so called periodic b‐equation. We first establish the local well‐posedness for the periodic b‐equation. Then we derive the precise blow‐up scenario and present two blow‐up results. Moreover, we show that the periodic b‐equation has global strong solutions. Finally, we prove the existence of global weak solutions to the periodic b‐equation, provided that initial data satisfy certain sign conditions.
Statistics on Stiefel manifolds

When the orientation of an object lies in a space of non-zero curvature usual dis­ tributions of probability cannot be used to describe its directions. One of such spaces is the Stiefel manifold. We focus on a probability distribution defined on that space, the matrix Langevin distribution. Classical and Bayesian methods of estimation of the parameter of the distribution are discussed. As the dimension of the Stiefel manifold increases, the more complicated the estimation process becomes given the complexity of the functions to be evaluated. A method is given that efficiently parameterizes the elements of the singular value decomposition of the parameter of the matrix Langevin distribution in terms of generalized Euler angles. How to implement that parameteri­ zation in the context of Bayesian estimation is shown. The methodology is illustrated with a dataset on trace element concentrations in bullet tips from the Federal Bureau of Investigations.
Cauchy and Green matrices type and stability in alternately advanced and delayed differential systems

In this paper, we study differential equations with piecewise constant argument of generalized (DEPCAGs) type, i.e., the argument is a general step function. They are hybrid equations combining properties of continuous and discrete equations. The play of the discrete part is always very important. The explicit solutions of the homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear DEPCAGs systems are obtained. Existence, uniqueness and stability of the solutions of the quasilinear DEPCAGs are under discussion. All previous results are improved. The importance of the advanced and delayed intervals will be clear. Cauchy and Green matrices type are deduced. The integral representation and Gronwall's inequality type obtained can be fruitfully applied to the investigation of stability, oscillations, controllability and many other problems of DEPCAGs.
Measuring Spatiotemporal Civil War Dimensions Using Community-Based Dynamic Network Representation (CoDNet)

Civil war exhibits complex geospatial trends over time, which may be missed by models that rely on count-based operationalizations. Here, the spatial and temporal correlation values of monthly civil war events are transformed into their influence degree symbol, which measures geospatial concentration, spread, and intensity of civil war. We then measure variation in these degrees over time to identify relevant spatiotemporal civil war aspects. The network model is constructed using 0.5 degree grid locations as nodes, counting nearby and over time connections. We then extract the temporal community structure behind the data. We use ground-truth data to visualize how our measures correlate with observed patterns, thereby illustrating our method provides accurate depictions of geospatial civil war dynamics. We also evaluate the impact of several indicators highlighted by past research and our community-based spatiotemporal measures and comparing it to the preprocessed count indicator. Our findings indicate that the relationship between state capacity and climate stress show opposite correlations with civil war as those identified by studies that use count-based indicators. Counterintuitively, our results show that conflict intensifies and spreads in locations where the state is stronger and where climate conditions are improved.
Simultaneous Administration of Bevacizumab with Bee-Pollen Extract-Loaded Hybrid Protein Hydrogel NPs Is a Promising Targeted Strategy against Cancer Cells

Bevacizumab (Bev) a humanized monoclonal antibody that fights vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). It was the first specifically considered angiogenesis inhibitor and it has now become the normative first-line therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the current study, polyphenolic compounds were isolated from bee pollen (PCIBP) and encapsulated (EPCIBP) inside moieties of hybrid peptide–protein hydrogel nanoparticles in which bovine serum albumin (BSA) was combined with protamine-free sulfate and targeted with folic acid (FA). The apoptotic effects of PCIBP and its encapsulation (EPCIBP) were further investigated using A549 and MCF-7 cell lines, providing significant upregulation of Bax and caspase 3 genes and downregulation of Bcl2, HRAS, and MAPK as well. This effect was synergistically improved in combination with Bev. Our findings may contribute to the use of EPCIBP simultaneously with chemotherapy to strengthen the effectiveness and minimize the required dose.
Hole effective mass in remote doped Si/Si1−xGex quantum wells with 0.05x0.3

The effective masses in remote doped Si/Si1−xGex hole quantum wells with 0.05<=x<=0.3, have been determined from the temperature dependence of the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations. The values are lower than previously observed by other workers, but still somewhat higher than the theoretical Gamma-point values for the ground-state heavy hole subband. The differences are attributed to finite carrier sheet densities and can be satisfactorily accounted for by nonparabolicity corrections.
Estimating Interrater Agreement with the Average Deviation Index: A User’s Guide

The authors present guidelines for establishing a useful range for interrater agreement and a cutoff for acceptable interrater agreement when using Burke, Finkelstein, and Dusig’s average deviation (AD) index as well as critical values for tests of statistical significance with the AD index. Under the assumption that judges respond randomly to an item or set of items in a measure, the authors show that a criterion for acceptable interrater agreement or practical significance when using the AD index can be approximated as c/6, where c is the number of response options for a Likert-type item. The resulting values of 0.8, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8 are discussed as standards for acceptable interrater agreement when using the AD index with 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-point items, respectively. Using similar logic, the AD agreement index and interpretive standard are generalized to the case of a response scale that involves percentages or proportions, rather than discrete categories, or at the other extreme, the assessment of interrater agreement with respect to the rating of a single target on a dichotomous item (e.g., yes-no, agree-disagree, true-false item formats). Finally, the usefulness of these guidelines for judging acceptable levels of interrater agreement with respect to the metric (or units) of the original response scale is discussed.
Military Family Socialization: An Examination of New U.S. Military Families in Online Forums

Adapting to military life can be a challenging transition for new members. Although scholarship has identified socialization processes for individuals, limited literature exists about family adaptation experiences. This study sought to understand how U.S. military family members communicated in online forums about their experiences of entering the military. Using grounded theory to analyze 1,527 pages of discussion boards, this study found that posters experienced a distinct process of socializing to military life wherein individuals navigated clashing trajectories between civilian and military expectations. Findings expand understandings of socialization and offer suggestions for helping families adjust to the armed services.
THREE-MACHINE FLOWSHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEM TO MINIMIZE MAKESPAN WITH BOUNDED SETUP AND PROCESSING TIMES

ABSTRACT The problem of scheduling n jobs on a three-machine flowshop is addressed where setup times are considered as separate from processing times and sequence-independent. The objective is to minimize makespan. Both setup and processing times are unknown variables before the actual occurrence of these times. However, a lower bound and an upper bound are given (known) for each setup and processing time. For this problem, there may not exist a unique schedule that remains optimal for all possible realizations of setup and processing times. Hence, it is desirable to obtain a set of dominating set of schedules (which dominate all other schedules) if possible. The objective is to reduce the size of dominating set. One way of reducing the size of dominating set is to come up with dominance relations. In this paper, global and local dominance relations are developed for the problem. Moreover, the use of developed dominance relations to reduce the size of the set is illustrated by an example and computational analysis is conducted on randomly generated problems.
The Use and Misuse of Orthogonal Regression in Linear Errors-in-Variables Models

Abstract Orthogonal regression is one of the standard linear regression methods to correct for the effects of measurement error in predictors. We argue that orthogonal regression is often misused in errors-in-variables linear regression because of a failure to account for equation errors. The typical result is to overcorrect for measurement error, that is, overestimate the slope, because equation error is ignored. The use of orthogonal regression must include a careful assessment of equation error, and not merely the usual (often informal) estimation of the ratio of measurement error variances. There are rarer instances, for example, an example from geology discussed here, where the use of orthogonal regression without proper attention to modeling may lead to either overcorrection or undercorrection, depending on the relative sizes of the variances involved. Thus our main point, which does not seem to be widely appreciated, is that orthogonal regression, just like any measurement error analysis, requires .
Species DNA Detection Using PGR Gene Genetic Markers in Chicken Nuggets

Species DNA detection using genetic markers of the PGR gene on chicken nuggets was carried out to see whether these genetic markers could be used to test species DNA detection in chicken nuggets food products. The test method used in this study is a real-time PCR test method using the SYBR green technique where the test results can be either Ct or Tm values ​​which indicate amplification or detection. The results of DNA isolation showed that the concentration and purity of the isolated DNA were in the range of 35.10 ng/µL – 36.10ng/µL with an average of 35,488 ng/µL. As for the purity value measured at the A260/A280 wavelength, the results were obtained with a purity range between 2,110 – 2,250 with an average of 2,165. For the results of real-time PCR amplification, the Ct value of the chest sample was at 24.50, the Ct LOD value was at 21.20 and the Ct value of the positive control was 27.10. For the Tm value of the busty sample at 81.10, the Tm LOD value at 81.20 and the positive control Tm value at 82.10. In a conclusion, in this study, genetic markers of the PGR gene can be used to test specific DNA detection of chicken species in chicken nugget products.
Evolution of the large-scale magnetic field on the solar surface: a parameter study

Magnetic flux emerging on the Sun's surface in the form of bipolar magnetic regions is redistributed by supergranular diffusion, a poleward meridional flow and differential rotation. We perform a systematic and extensive parameter study of the influence of various parameters on the large-scale field, in particular the total unsigned surface flux and the flux in the polar caps, using a flux transport model. We investigate both, model parameters and source term properties. We identify the average tilt angle of the emerging bipolar regions, the diffusion coefficient (below a critical value), the total emergent flux and, for the polar field, the meridional flow velocity and the cycle length as parameters with a particularly large effect. Of special interest is the influence of the overlap between successive cycles. With increasing overlap, an increasing background field (minimum flux at cycle minimum) is built up, which is of potential relevance for secular trends of solar activity and total irradiance.
Updated Opal Opacities

The reexamination of astrophysical opacities has eliminated gross discrepancies between a variety of observations and theoretical calculations; thus allowing for more detailed tests of stellar models. A number of such studies indicate that model results are sensitive to modest changes in the opacity. Consequently, it is desirable to update available opacity databases with recent improvements in physics, refinements of element abundance, and other such factors affecting the results. Updated OPAL Rosseland mean opacities are presented. The new results have incorporated improvements in the physics and numerical procedures as well as corrections. The main opacity changes are increases of as much as 20{percent} for Population I stars due to the explicit inclusion of 19 metals (compared to 12 metals in the earlier calculations) with the other modifications introducing opacity changes smaller than 10{percent}. In addition, the temperature and density range covered by the updated opacity tables has been extended. As before, the tables allow accurate interpolation in density and temperature as well as hydrogen, helium, carbon, oxygen, and metal mass fractions. Although a specific metal composition is emphasized, opacity tables for different metal distributions can be made readily available. The updated opacities are compared to other work. {copyright} {ital 1996 Themore » American Astronomical Society. }« less
Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Is Associated with 18F-SMBT-1 PET: Two Putative Astrocyte Reactivity Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: Astrocyte reactivity is an early event along the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), posited to reflect astrocyte reactivity, is elevated across the AD continuum from preclinical to dementia stages. Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) is also elevated in reactive astrocytes observed using 18F-SMBT-1 PET in AD. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the abovementioned astrocyte reactivity biomarkers. Methods: Plasma GFAP and Aβ were measured using the Simoa® platform in participants who underwent brain 18F-SMBT-1 and Aβ–PET imaging, comprising 54 healthy control (13 Aβ–PET+ and 41 Aβ–PET–), 11 mild cognitively impaired (3 Aβ–PET+ and 8 Aβ–PET–) and 6 probable AD (5 Aβ–PET+ and 1 Aβ–PET–) individuals. Linear regressions were used to assess associations of interest. Results: Plasma GFAP was associated with 18F-SMBT-1 signal in brain regions prone to early Aβ deposition in AD, such as the supramarginal gyrus (SG), posterior cingulate (PC), lateral temporal (LT) and lateral occipital cortex (LO). After adjusting for age, sex, APOE ɛ4 genotype, and soluble Aβ (plasma Aβ42/40 ratio), plasma GFAP was associated with 18F-SMBT-1 signal in the SG, PC, LT, LO, and superior parietal cortex (SP). On adjusting for age, sex, APOE ɛ4 genotype and insoluble Aβ (Aβ–PET), plasma GFAP was associated with 18F-SMBT-1 signal in the SG. Conclusion: There is an association between plasma GFAP and regional 18F-SMBT-1 PET, and this association appears to be dependent on brain Aβ load.
Symmetric Supercapacitor Based on Nitrogen-Doped and Plasma-Functionalized 3D Graphene

Nitrogen-doped, 3-dimensional graphene (N3DG), synthesized as a one-step thermal CVD process, was further functionalized with atmospheric pressure oxygen plasma. Electrodes were fabricated and tested based on the functionalized N3DG. Their characterization included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET), and electrochemical measurements. The tested electrodes revealed a 208% increase in the specific capacitance compared to pristine 3D graphene electrodes in a three-electrode configuration. The performed doping and plasma treatment enabled an increase in the electrode‘s surface area by 4 times compared to pristine samples. Furthermore, the XPS results revealed the presence of nitrogen and oxygen functional groups in the doped and functionalized material. Symmetric supercapacitors assembled from the functionalized 3D graphene using aqueous and organic electrolytes were compared for electrochemical performance. The device with ionic electrolyte EMIMB4 electrolyte exhibited a superior energy density of 54 Wh/kg and power density of 1224 W/kg. It also demonstrated a high-cyclic stability of 15,000 cycles with a capacitance retention of 107%.
Rayleigh-wave scattering by shallow cracks using the indirect boundary element method

The scattering and diffraction of Rayleigh waves by shallow cracks using the indirect boundary element method (IBEM) are investigated. The detection of cracks is of interest because their presence may compromise structural elements, put technological devices at risk or represent economical potential in reservoir engineering. Shallow cracks may give rise to scattered body and surface waves. These waves are sensitive to the crack's geometry, size and orientation. Under certain conditions, amplitude spectra clearly show conspicuous resonances that are associated with trapped waves. Several applications based on the scattering of surface waves (e.g. Rayleigh and Stoneley waves), such as non-destructive testing or oil well exploration, have shown that the scattered fields may provide useful information to detect cracks and other heterogeneities. The subject is not new and several analytical and numerical techniques have been applied for the last 50 years to understand the basis of multiple scattering phenomena. In this work, we use the IBEM to calculate the scattered fields produced by single or multiple cracks near a free surface. This method is based upon an integral representation of the scattered displacement fields, which is derived from Somigliana's identity. Results are given in both frequency and time domains. The analyses of the displacement field using synthetic seismograms and snapshots reveal some important effects from various configurations of cracks. The study of these simple cases may provide an archetype to geoscientists and engineers to understand the fundamental aspects of multiple scattering and diffraction by cracks.
Damping prediction of structures with bolted joints

Friction in joints significantly contributes to the observed overall damping of mechanical structures. Especially if the material damping is low, the frictional effects in joints and clamping boundary conditions dominate the structural damping. The damping and the stiffness of the structure are nonlinear functions of the system states and consequently of the excitation signal and amplitude. If these nonlinear effects should be incorporated in the design process, transient simulations must be employed in order to predict and analyze the damping for a given excitation, though they need excessive computation power due to the nonlinear constitutive laws and the high contact stiffnesses. As one approach to alleviate transient simulations, the application of component mode synthesis (CMS) methods to structures with friction is investigated exploiting the linearity of the jointed substructures. The friction and the nonlinear normal contact is modeled by constitutive laws that are implemented in node-to-node finite elements. The necessary considerations for accurate damping prediction by the reduced models, the accuracy and the computational times for transient simulations are discussed. The developed model reduction techniques allow a strong reduction of the computation time which in turn makes it a promising tool for model updating and predictive parameter studies. As an application example, a beam-like structure with attached friction damper is investigated in simulations and the obtained numerical results after model updating are compared to experiments.
ON LOCALLY EHRESMANN SEMIGROUPS

It was first proved by McAlister in 1983 that every locally inverse semigroup is a locally isomorphic image of a regular Rees matrix semigroup over an inverse semigroup and Lawson in 2000 further generalized this result to some special locally adequate semigroups. In this paper, we show how these results can be extended to a class of locally Ehresmann semigroups.
Parasite detection and quantification in avian blood is dependent on storage medium and duration

Abstract Studies of parasites in wild animal populations often rely on molecular methods to both detect and quantify infections. However, method accuracy is likely to be influenced by the sampling approach taken prior to nucleic acid extraction. Avian Haemosporidia are studied primarily through the screening of host blood, and a range of storage mediums are available for the short‐ to long‐term preservation of samples. Previous research has suggested that storage medium choice may impact the accuracy of PCR‐based parasite detection, however, this relationship has never been explicitly tested and may be exacerbated by the duration of sample storage. These considerations could also be especially critical for sensitive molecular methods used to quantify infection (qPCR). To test the effect of storage medium and duration on Plasmodium detection and quantification, we split blood samples collected from wild birds across three medium types (filter paper, Queen's lysis buffer, and 96% ethanol) and carried out DNA extractions at five time points (1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months post‐sampling). First, we found variation in DNA yield obtained from blood samples dependent on their storage medium which had subsequent negative impacts on both detection and estimates of Plasmodium copy number. Second, we found that detection accuracy (incidence of true positives) was highest for filter‐paper‐stored samples (97%), while accuracy for ethanol and Queen's lysis buffer‐stored samples was influenced by either storage duration or extraction yield, respectively. Lastly, longer storage durations were associated with decreased copy number estimates across all storage mediums; equating to a 58% reduction between the first‐ and third‐year post‐sampling for lysis‐stored samples. These results raise questions regarding the utility of standardizing samples by dilution, while also illustrating the critical importance of considering storage approaches in studies of Haemosporidia comparing samples subjected to different storage regimes and/or stored for varying lengths of time.