Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE COMPUTER MODEL SHARP, A QUASI-THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE-DIFFERENCE MODEL TO SIMULATE FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER FLOW IN LAYERED COASTAL AQUIFER SYSTEMS

This report documents the quasi-three-dimensional, finite-difference model, SHARP, which simulates freshwater and saltwater flow separated by a sharp interface in layered coastal aquifer systems. The model accommodates multiple aquifers separated by confining layers, with spatially variable porous media properties. The uppermost aquifer can be confined, unconfined or semi-confined with areally distributed recharge. Temporal variations in recharge and pumping are accounted for by multiple pumping periods. The boundary conditions which can be simulated in the model are: prescribed flux boundaries, constant freshwater head and/or constant saltwater head boundaries, and leaky head-dependent boundaries. For each aquifer, the vertically integrated freshwater and saltwater flow equations are solved. These two equations are coupled by the boundary condition at the interface. Leakage between aquifers is calculated by applying Darcy's law. The resulting system of coupled, non-linear partial differential equations is discretized using an implicit finite-difference scheme. The discretized system of equations is solved using the strongly implicit procedure (SIP). The positions of the interface tip and toe, within the discretized finite-difference grid blocks, are tracked using linear extrapolation of the interface elevations calculated at grid points. This documentation includes an overview of saltwater intrusion modeling approaches and the mathematical formulation of SHARP. The model is verified against experimental and analytical solutions, and sample areal and crosssectional applications are presented.
Melt generation at volcanic continental margins: No need for a mantle plume?

Melt generation in a rifting environment is studied using a dynamic 2‐D finite element model. The lithosphere is extended to large, realistic thinning factors assuming a mantle temperature of 1333°C. The focussing of deformation results in a distribution of thinning factors along the margin at breakup time consistent with observations. The timing of melt production (late synrift) and the amounts of melt are consistent with observations at volcanic margins. The dynamical processes related to lithospheric rifting enhance the produced melt volumes sufficiently to explain the sometimes enigmatic melt volumes found at volcanic margins.
Applying the Adjusted Chinese Dietary Balance Index-16 to Assess the Dietary Quality of Chinese Postpartum Lactating Mothers

A balanced diet is considered necessary in maternal recovery and neonatal development; however, the dietary quality of lactating mothers in China has not been systematically evaluated in different regions and stages of lactation. In addition, the release of the Chinese Dietary Guidelines in 2022 implies that the dietary index method needs to be adjusted accordingly. In this study, the adjusted Chinese Dietary Balance Index-16 (DBI-16) was used to assess the dietary quality of lactating women, referred to as the Dietary Balance Index for lactating women (DBI-L). This study is part of the MUAI study, in which dietary intake and demographic characteristics of lactating mothers from six cities in China and at different stages of lactation were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire; 2532 puerperal women were included. According to the DBI-L, 66.2% of participants had inadequate dietary intake (79.1% vegetables, 79.1% fruits, 86.7% dairy products, 39.7% soybeans, and 69.4% fish products, respectively), 57.8% had excessive intake (76.0% cereals, 64.4% meat, and 29.1% eggs, respectively) and 92.2% had unbalanced dietary consumption. Dietary quality was optimal for mothers in the first month after delivery, and the dietary quality of mothers in economically developed places such as Shanghai and Guangzhou was significantly better than that in less developed places such as Lanzhou and Changchun. The dietary quality of lactating women in China is imbalanced, with excessive and inadequate dietary intake. The country should strengthen nutritional interventions for lactating mothers, especially in economically underdeveloped regions.
Mediating Effect of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Cancer-Related Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep on Psychological Symptoms and Fear of Progression Among Cancer Patients

Objective This study aimed to explore the mediating effects of cancer-related dysfunctional beliefs regarding sleep and intolerance of uncertainty on the effect of depression, insomnia, and anxiety on fear of progression (FoP). Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with cancer who visited the Sleep Clinic for cancer patients in Asan Medical Center for the first time between December 2021 and March 2022. Data collected included age, sex, types of cancer, staging, current treatment modalities, and history of surgical procedures. In addition, psychological symptoms were rated using the Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire–9 items (PHQ-9), State subcategory of the State and Trait of Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), Short form of Fear of Progression Questionnaire, Cancer-related Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep scale (C-DBS), single item of pain and fatigue, Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 2-item (CD-RISC2), and Intolerance of Uncertainty–12 (IUS-12). The predictive variables for FoP were determined by linear regression analysis. Results The FoP was significantly correlated with age (r=-0.289), ISI (r=0.178), PHQ-9 (r=0.703), STAI-S (r=0.377), fatigue (r=0.452), CD-RISC2 (r=-0.270), IUS-12 (r=0.585), and C-DBS (r=0.427, all p<0.01). A mediation analysis showed that intolerance of uncertainty and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep mediated the relationship of FoP with insomnia, depression, or anxiety. Conclusion Psychological support for intolerance of uncertainty and cancer-related dysfunctional beliefs about sleep in patients with cancer may be beneficial to reduce their FoP.
Cerebral Blood Flow with Age Measured by Changing Topographic Patterns of Human

Changes in cerebral blood flow with age have been of long-standing interest. A study of 20 normal, healthy, right-handed volunteers 20-100 years old using a noninvasive method is reported. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and partition coefficients (LA) were measured during inhalation of 35% stable xenon gas and serial computed tomo graphic (CT) scanning (CT-CBF). Throughout CT-CBF measurements, subjects lay com fortably at rest, with eyes closed and ears unplugged. Environmental stimulation was limited to ambient light and only those sounds unavoidable during CT scanning. LCBF values were correlated with advancing age by cross-sectional analysis. Relatively higher LCBF values were measured bilaterally in the cortex of occipital and frontal lobes; no significant differences were noted between left and right hemispheres. Significant age related declines in LCBF values were observed for all cortical and subcortical gray and white matter regions of interest examined (p < 0.001 for all three regions). Age-related declines were steepest in the cortex of the frontal lobes, particularly prefrontal cortex, caudate, putamen, and lentiform nuclei. Speech and visual cortical regions, functionally active throughout the normal
Velocity‐porosity relationships, 1: Accurate velocity model for clean consolidated sandstones

We use numerical simulations to derive the elastic properties of model monomineralic consolidated sandstones. The model morphology is based on overlapping spheres of a mineral phase. We consider model quartzose and feldspathic sands. We generate moduli‐porosity relationships for both the dry and water‐saturated states. The ability to control pore space structure and mineralogy results in numerical data sets which exhibit much less noise than corresponding experimental data. The numerical data allows us to quantitatively analyze the effects of porosity and the properties of the mineral phase on the elastic properties of porous rocks. The agreement between the numerical results and available experimental data for clean consolidated sandstones is encouraging.We compare our numerical data to commonly used theoretical and empirical moduli‐porosity relationships. The self‐consistent method gives the best theoretical fit to the numerical data. We find that the empirical relationship of Krief et al. is successful.
Multifactorial Aspects of Adiponectin in Non- Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant worldwide health issue strongly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. It underscores the critical role of adiponectin, a significant adipokine, in the disease's intricate progression. NAFLD's complexity stems from its interplay with factors like obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, with reduced adiponectin levels commonly observed in NAFLD patients, influenced by age, gender, lipid profiles, and insulin resistance. Adiponectin's versatility in mitigating insulin resistance, inflammation, and liver fibrosis makes it a focal point in NAFLD research, while recent studies introduce spexin, a neuropeptide, as a potential correlate, adding to the understanding of metabolic disorders. To tailor treatment approaches, recognizing the factors affecting adiponectin levels, such as genetics, lifestyle, and comorbidities, is crucial. Lifestyle changes and specific medications offer promise in improving NAFLD outcomes by modulating adiponectin. The article underscores adiponectin's central role in the complex NAFLD landscape and the need for further research to fully grasp its mechanisms and therapeutic potential in managing this prevalent liver disease, emphasizing the importance of rebalancing adipokines and enhancing metabolic health.
Crystallization kinetics of olivine‐phyric shergottites

Crystal size distribution (CSD) and spatial distribution pattern (SDP) analyses are applied to the early crystallizing phases, olivine and pyroxene, in olivine‐phyric shergottites (Elephant moraine [EET] 79001A, Dar al Gani [DaG] 476, and dhofar [Dho] 019) from each sampling locality inferred from Mars ejection ages. Trace element zonation patterns (P and Cr) in olivine are also used to characterize the crystallization history of these Martian basalts. Previously reported 2‐D CSDs for these meteorites are re‐evaluated using a newer stereographically corrected methodology. Kinks in the olivine CSD plots suggest several populations that crystallized under different conditions. CSDs for pyroxene in DaG 476 and EET 79001A reveal single populations that grew under steady‐state conditions; pyroxenes in Dho 019 were too intergrown for CSD analysis. Magma chamber residence times of several days for small grains to several months for olivine megacrysts are calculated using the CSD slopes and growth rates inferred from previous experimental data. Phosphorus imaging in olivines in DaG 476 and Dho 019 indicate rapid growth of skeletal, sector‐zoned, or patchy cores, probably in response to delayed nucleation, followed by slow growth, and finally rapid dendritic growth with back‐filling to form oscillatory zoning in rims. SPD analyses indicate that olivine and pyroxene crystals grew or accumulated in clusters rather than as randomly distributed grains. These data reveal complex solidification histories for Martian basalts, and are generally consistent with the formation at depth of olivine megacryst cores, which were entrained in ascending magmas that crystallized pyroxenes, small olivines, and oscillatory rims on megacrysts.
Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Controlled Manual Anal Dilatation in the Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissures: A Single-center Observational Study

Objectives: Conventional anal dilatation for anal fissures has long been abandoned because of the high incidence of anal incontinence. However, less invasive and more precise dilation techniques have been developed that have shown high healing and low incontinence rates. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of controlled anal dilatation (CAD) using a standardized maximum anal diameter. Methods: This study included 523 patients who underwent CAD for chronic anal fissures between January 2010 and December 2014. CAD was performed under sacral epidural anesthesia. The index fingers of both hands were placed in the anus and dilated evenly in various directions. CAD was completed when the anus was dilated to the sixth scale (35 mm in diameter) using a caliber ruler. Results: The mean anal scale size expanded from 3.1 to 5.8 (p<0.001). Non-healing was observed in nine patients (1.7%) at 1 month postoperatively, six of whom underwent additional CAD. The mean maximal anal resting pressure (mmHg) decreased from 90.2 to 79.7 at three months postoperatively (p<0.001). Postoperative complications were observed in 11 (2.1%) patients, of whom three patients with thrombosed hemorrhoids underwent resection. None of the patients complained of anal incontinence during the mean follow-up period of 16.6 months. The cumulative recurrence-free rates at three and five years were 87.9% and 69.2%, respectively. Conclusions: CAD is technically simple and safe and can achieve reasonable long-term outcomes. Thus, CAD appears to be the preferred procedure for patients with chronic anal fissures who do not respond to conservative treatments.
Involvement of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Lipedema

Lipedema is a chronic disorder that mainly affects women. It is often misdiagnosed, and its etiology remains unknown. Recent research indicates an accumulation of macrophages and a shift in macrophage polarization in lipedema. One known protein superfamily that contributes to macrophage accumulation and polarization is the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family. MIF-1 and MIF-2 are ubiquitously expressed and also regulate inflammatory processes in adipose tissue. In this study, the expression of MIF-1, MIF-2 and CD74—a common receptor for both cytokines—was analyzed in tissue samples of 11 lipedema and 11 BMI-matched, age-matched and anatomically matched control patients using qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The mRNA expression of MIF-1 (mean 1.256; SD 0.303; p = 0.0485) and CD74 (mean 1.514; SD 0.397; p = 0.0097) were significantly elevated in lipedema patients, while MIF-2 expression was unaffected (mean 1.004; SD 0.358; p = 0.9718). The IHC analysis corroborated the results for CD74 expression on a cellular level. In conclusion, our results provide first evidence for a potential involvement of the MIF family, presumably via the MIF-1-CD74 axis, in lipedema.
Teacher Strategy in Teaching English During Covid-19 Pandemic for the Eighth Grade Students at SMP Baitul Arqom Balung

Corona virus, also known as COVID-19, has been causing havoc around the world since the end of 2019. The pandemic situation has completely replaced the way of teaching English method from face-to-face learning into online teaching. This research aims to investigate the teachers’ strategies in using online learning platform and the challenges in implementing their strategies during Covid-19 pandemic through online learning platforms". The design of this study was qualitative approach. This study involves English teacher of SMP Baitul Arqom Balung as the inteviewee. The data was collected through documentation and interview. Based on observation the researcher found that the online learning application used in SMP Baitul Arqom Balung was a WhatsApp, Google Form, Zoom, Google classroom. In conclusion, the researcher found strategies had applied by student teachers in teaching English online. Those strategies as follows: Explaining the material by using several devices, checking of students’ understanding, and giving the assignment.
Initial Treatment of IDH-Wildtype Glioblastoma in Adults Older Than 70 Years

The incidence of glioblastoma, the most common malignant primary brain tumour in adults, increases after the age of 40 and peaks in adults aged 75-84 years. Initial management involves maximising surgical resection while preserving neurologic function. IDH mutations and MGMT promoter methylation should be checked in tumour samples. Radiation and temozolomide constitute initial treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients with good functional status. It is suggested that patients who have received concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide treatment should undergo six cycles of adjuvant monthly temozolomide, as opposed to a more extended treatment regimen. Low-intensity alternating electric field therapy improved survival in a large randomised trial. We provide a detailed review, providing the latest treatment viewpoint for IDH-wildtype glioblastoma and including the current situation of immunotherapy. The treatment ideas and methods reviewed here would be of help to physicians when they encounter patients with this kind of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma in clinical practice.
Estimation of Channel Sinuosity from Paleocurrent Data: A Method Using Fractal Geometry

ABSTRACT In ancient fluvial deposits, exposure limitations seldom allow direct measurement of channel and valley lengths--the requisite parameters for determination of channel sinuosity. However, sinuosity can be indirectly estimated from dispersion of paleocurrent data, because it is observed in modern rivers that the migration paths of ripples and dunes usually follow the local orientation of the thalweg. A natural channel can be described to be broadly sinuous in plan. A magnified view of any small part of it is also sinuous in shape. This scale independence of shape can be observed at smaller and yet smaller scales. Fractal patterns, which also have this property, are used here to model channel plan form at the scale of bedform migration paths. It is assumed that the sinuosity of a fractal pattern represents the channel sinuosity over a single meander wavelength, and the orientations of the smallest segments of the patterns are considered to represent the bedform migration directions. An attempt has been made in this study to establish a functional relationship between the sinuosity of the patterns and the dispersion (consistency ratio) of its segment orientations. From a number of fractal patterns of different sinuosity values, the following relationship is noted: ln Sinuosity = 2.49 - 0.0475 Consistency + 0.000234 Consistency2 This relationship can be used to estimate, from paleocurrent data, the sinuosity of short stretches of ancient channels whose sinuosity was steady over time, e.g., bank-stabilized (non-migrating) channels. Published data from a number of modern rivers are used to test the equation, and the goodness-of-fit hypothesis cannot be rejected at 5% level of significance. The lateral growth of a meander generally involves a gradual increase in the sinuosity of the thalweg. A growing natural meander is modeled by grouping together a number of fractal patterns of different sinuosity values. In a group, the pattern having the maximum sinuosity value represents the thalweg at the last stage of growth, while the rest of the patterns represent the thalwegs at intermediate stages of growth. Partial removal of earlier deposits by erosion associated with the growth of meander is taken into account by excluding the parts of the fractal patterns that represent the intermediate growth stages and lie outside final meander loop. The segment orientations from all the patterns in each group are pooled and compared with the maximum sinuosity value. From a number of such groups (of different maximum values of sinuosity) the relation between the consistency ratio and the maximum sinuosity is found to be ln Sinuosity = 4.2416 - 0.0801 Consistency + 0.0004 Consistency2 An empirical test of this equation using data from a single ancient meandering river deposit yields satisfactory results.
Comparisons of infection and other Staphylococcus aureus outcomes between users of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers: lessons for COVID-19 from a nationwide cohort study [version 1; peer review: 1 approved]

Mice receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor Background: (ACEI) drugs show increased susceptibility to infection by Staphylococcus ( ). We sought to investigate whether humans using ACEI aureus S. aureus were at increased risk of infection, comparing them to users of S. aureus Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) with multiple control outcomes to assess the potential for residual confounding. Using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Methods: Hospital Episode Statistics between 1997 and 2017, we identified adults starting ACEI or ARB (as an active comparator drug). We regarded prescription of ACEI or ARB as time-dependent exposure and used a Cox regression model to compare incidence of first hospitalisation with infection due to in periods with ACEI to periods with ARB prescriptions. S. aureus We repeated the analysis using control outcomes that we did not expect to be associated with use of ACEI versus ARB (Gram-negative sepsis, hip fracture and herpes zoster) and one that we did (dry cough). We identified 445,341 new users of ACEI (mean age 64.0±14.0, Results: male 51.7%) and 41,824 new users of ARB (
Magnetic inclination shallowing problem and the issue of Eurasia's rigidity: insights following a palaeomagnetic study of upper Cretaceous basalts and redbeds from SE China

are an important source of palaeomagnetic but they often record inclinations shallower than that of the ancient local geomagnetic ﬁeld. Discrepancy of palaeopoles from Cretaceous redbeds in South China Block (SCB) and the coeval Eurasia reference pole is commonly attributed to inclination shallowing. However, redbed-derived palaeomagnetic data from the block have rarely been critically assessed with data from coeval volcanic rocks that should be unaffected by the problem. Here, we address the issue using high-quality palaeomagnetic data from Upper Cretaceous ( ∼ 95 Ma) amygdaloidal basalts and coeval redbeds from Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province and Guangfeng, Jiangxi Province. Stepwise thermal and alternating ﬁeld demagnetizations isolated stable components that in the basalts are carried by a mixture of magnetite and titanomagntite and in the sedimentary units by haematite. The stable components are regarded as primary based on positive intraformational conglomerate tests and a regional tilt test. The redbeds yield a tilt corrected mean direction of D = 20.9 ◦ , I = 35.8 ◦ , α 95 = 8.7 ◦ , N = 6, which is statistically indistinguishable from the mean direction of the basalts ( D = 17.6 ◦ , I = 38.1 ◦ , α 95 = 8.6 ◦ , N = 11), suggesting that the former do not suffer from the problem. In addition, analysis of the other Late Cretaceous SCB palaeopoles reveals two groups with one at relatively high (‘H’, ∼ 80 ◦ N) latitudes and the other at relatively low (‘L’, ∼ 70 ◦ N) latitudes. Importantly, each comprises palaeopoles from both redbeds and volcanic rocks, and reasonable consistency exists within each group, further attesting that SCB redbeds do not suffer signiﬁcant inclination shallowing. Comparison of the SCB palaeopoles with a newly deﬁned coeval reference pole for Europe indicates an ∼ 11 ◦ separation. Since inclination shallowing, over 1000 km tectonic shortening, and apparent polar wander appear unlikely, the ∼ 11 ◦ discrepancy may provide evidence for the non-rigidity of the Eurasia plate. Consequently, a new Late Cretaceous reference pole for the stable SCB is deﬁned at 72.3 ◦ N, 235.2 ◦ E, where A 95 = 3.2 ◦ and N = 6.