Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autoradiographic studies on Fasciola hepatica L.

Iron-59 (as a ferric chloride solution or as a component of haemoglobin) was introduced into the lumen of the gut of Fasciola hepatica. It was detected by autoradiography in high concentrations in the intestinal epithelium, the cuticular epithelium, the myoblasts and the cells forming the walls of the excretory tubules. Carbon-14, introduced as l-phenylalanine-C-14, was concentrated in the same tissues, with the exception of the intestinal epithelium. These findings are discussed in relation to the function of the respective tissues.
Comparative study of the Chatham Islands Odonata, II: Morphometric and molecular comparison between Xanthocnemis tuanuii Rowe, 1981 and X. zealandica (McLachlan, 1873) with notes on the taxonomic position of Xanthocnemis sinclairi Rowe, 1987 (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae)

We compared Chatham Island endemic species Xanthocnemis tuanuii to its congenerics from the New Zealand South Island: X. zealandica (newly collected specimens) and X. sinclairi (type specimens plus newly collected material). Two independent tests were performed – geometric morphometrics and molecular. Both analyses were consistent in supporting the status of X. tuanuii as a good species. Species differed statistically in the following morphological traits: head (dorsal view), male appendages (dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views), thorax (dorsal view), and penis (dorsal and lateral view). In addition to the original diagnostic features (mainly shape of the male superior appendages), a new morphological character is suggested here which reliably distinguishes the species based on the shape of the inferior appendages. There was no statistical support for the species status of X. sinclairi. The only feature reported as diagnostic (lower lobe of male superior appendages) was found to be variable and insufficient to warrant the previously proposed taxonomic rank for X. sinclairi. Molecular analysis of specimens showing identical appendages to the X. sinclairi holotype grouped them with X. zealandica specimens. Therefore X. sinclairi is synonymised with X. zealandica.
Compensatory responses of late watergrass (Echinochloa phyllopogon) and rice to resource limitations

Abstract The development of optimal weed management strategies that rely, in part, on crop interference will require an understanding of how weeds compensate for limitations in above- and belowground resources. Trade-offs in the leaf morphology and biomass partitioning of rice and late watergrass were investigated under glasshouse conditions in 1999 and 2000. Both species responded to shade with increased height, reduced biomass, greater partitioning of biomass to leaves, and greater leaf area ratios. At the lowest light level (18% sunlight), plants of both species showed little response to nitrogen (N). However, height, tillers, biomass, and leaf area increased for plants grown at 50% and full sunlight as N increased from 0 to 224 kg N ha−1. Late watergrass exhibited more plasticity in specific leaf area and root weight ratio than rice in response to shade. This plasticity contributed to the ability of late watergrass to maintain a higher percent of its tillers and total dry weight than rice when sunlight was reduced by 50%. These results support the hypothesis that except at low light levels, limited N further reduces the growth of shaded late watergrass plants. Thus, weed management strategies that limit the plasticity of late watergrass by manipulating light and N availability are likely to be more effective than strategies that rely on manipulating a single resource. Nomenclature: Late watergrass, Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss ECHPH; rice, Oryza sativa L.
NOTES ON POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE PORTUNID CRAB CHARYBDIS (CHARYBDIS ) FERIATUS (LINNAEUS) AT COCHIN

The size frequency distribution and reproductive biology of Chaiybdis (Chatybdis) forktus (Linnaeus) were studied from the trawl fishery of Cochin during January-March, 1989. The fishery was mainly supported by adult crab in the size range 60-154 mm for male and 65-120 mm for female. Overall size frequency distribution showed a unimodal pattern in both sexes, the bulk of the fishery being contributed by the size groups 80-109 mm C. W. Males formed about two third of the population. The minimum size of ovigerous female measured 66 mm C. W. Fecundity ranged from 52,350 to 3,09,250, the rate of egg production being directly proportional to the size. Active breeding of the spedes was noticed throughout the period.
Population Dynamics and Assessment of Barbus Gyrpus(heckel, 1843) and Barbus Barbulus (Heckel, 1847) in Karoon River

The Population Dynamics and status of Shirbot (Barbus gyrpus) and Berzem labpan(Barbus barbulus) in the Karoon river were investigated to derive information required for their management. During this study from 2006 to 2008 more than 2000 specimens B. gyrpus and B. barbulus were measured Mean±S.D Length Values for this species were 37.94±8.18 and 43.62±10.27 respectively and maximum and minimum total length were 20-76cm and 20-94cm respectively. Mean ±S.D weight Values for this species were 873.2±1092.45 gr and 778.59±725.97 gr respectively and maximum and minimum weight were 52- 11170gr and 52- 4675 gr respectively. Growth and mortality parameters were calculated for B. gyrpus and B.barbulus as below, L4: 86.64,132.9 and K: 0.27,0.17 and t0: -0.46,- 0.66, M: 0.5, 0.33, F: 1.22, 1.04, Z: 1.78, 2.72, E: 0.71,0.76 respectively. Relative yield per recruitment (Y'/R) :0.037,0.021 relative biomass per recruitment, (B'/R) :0.29,0.25, exploitation ratio maximum sustainable yield, Emax : 0.44,0.42; precautionary average target (Fopt=0.25,0.16 year -1 ) and limit (Flimit=0.33,0.21 year -1 ) biological reference points for B. gyrpus and B. barbulus stock respectively was calculated.
Influence of Stem Cell Therapy on Statin-induced Myopathy of Skeletal Muscle in Female Rats Dişi Siçanlarin İskelet Kasinda Statin ile İndüklenen Miyopatide Kök Hücre Tedavisinin Etkisi

Objective: This is a trial to visualize the role of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in skeletal muscle regeneration after induction of myopathy using a model of statin induced myopathy. Ma te ri al and Met hod: The study was conducted in eighty female and ten male albino rats, male rats for isolation of MSCs and female rats were divided to 8 groups. Group I was administered 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (solvent), 25 mg/kg b.w. /day, as a control group. Group II was administered simvastatin, 80 mg/kg b.wt. /day, for 16 days, then was sacrificed immediately. Group III was administered simvastatin 80 mg/kg b.wt/day, for 16 days, and then the rats were sacrificed 14 days after discontinuing simvastatin. Group IV was administered simvastatin 80 mg/kg b.wt/day for 16 days, then the rats were sacrificed 30 days after discontinuing simvastatin. Group V was administered simvastatin for 30 days, then the rats were sacrificed immediately. Group VI was administered simvastatin for 30 days, with intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells on day 16. Group VII was administered simvastatin for 46 days, then the rats were sacrificed immediately. Group VIII was administered simvastatin for 46 days, with intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells on day 16. On the morning of the last day of each experimental period needle electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction (NC) were recorded in gastrocnemius muscle and sciatic nerve. Then rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected. The gastrocnemius muscles of both limbs were dissected. The right gastrocnemius muscle was processed for histological study and the left one was used for examination of MSCs homing by detection of sry gene using PCR technique. Re sults: Discontinuing simvastatin 14 and 30 days after induction of myopathy caused marked improvement and regeneration of skeletal muscle as manifested by significant improvement in EMG findings. However, there was persistence of mild myopathic changes after simvastatin cessation, indicating partial recovery. MSCs were injected once on day 16. The transplantation of MSC to myopathic rats, with continuous simvastatin administration, induced significant improvement and regeneration. The improvement recorded in EMG 30 days after MSC injection was significantly better than that observed after 14 days. The light microscopic findings were markedly improved within 14 and 30 days after MSC injection. Dis cus si on: MSC injection in myopathic rats induced improvement of skeletal muscle function with pronounced regeneration. (Turkish Journal of Neurology 2012; 18:135-144)
Headway in Reproductive Biotechniques for Genetic Improvement of Buffaloes

Buffaloes are one of the major contributors in refining the rural economy, particularly in South and South-East Asia countries. There are about 177.5 million buffaloes in the world and more than 96 %of which are found in Asia. Though genetic improvement of this animal resource is imperative for milk and meat, it is limited by inherent biological attributes such as, long generation interval, long inter-calving period, longer age at sexual maturity, delay in puberty, distinct seasonal reproductive pattern, silent estrous, repeat breeding and eventually low reproductive rates. However, advancement in reproductive bio-techniques offers greater prospects to achieve the desired genetic improvement in buffaloes. Artificial insemination (AI) using frozen semen is well established and manipulation of ovarian function for estrus synchronization is used in large farms commonly. Super ovulation to produce embryos in vivo yielded average transferable embryos, 1.8–2.1 per collection. With advancement, embryo production using ovum pick-up (OPU) in combination with in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) has been tried to a limited extent, but it is impending to be an alternative to earlier one. Recently advanced ``Hand guided Cloning Technique", a landmark technique developed at National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal could go a long way for faster multiplication of superior milch buffaloes in India.
Effects of whey protein edible coating on bacterial, chemical and sensory characteristics of frozen common Kilka

The objective of current study was to investigate the effects of whey protein coating on the quality of common kilka during frozen storage period. For this study, common kilka was coated with 12% whey protein concentration. Also, non- coated kilka was used as a control sample. Coated and non-coated samples were then stored at -18 o C for six months. Bacterial, chemical and sensory properties of the samples were determined in each month. Results showed that total bacterial counts and S taphylococcus bacteria count were lower in the test samples compared to the control samples. Coliform, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas bacterial contamination were negative till the end of the storage period in the covered samples. Chemical factors consisting of humidity, protein, lipid, ash and calorie were higher in the test samples compared to the control samples. Peroxide value, free fatty acids, thiobarbitoric acid, TVB-N and pH were lower in the test samples. Sensory tests had a better quality in the test samples compared to the control samples. No statistically significant decreases were observed in chemical factors in the covered samples compared to the control samples ( p<.05 ). In sensory specifications, there was a significant difference between the covered samples and the control samples ( p<.05 ). According to the results of experiments and statistical analysis, the covered samples had a favorable quality till the end of the storage period but the control samples had lost their quality.
EVIDENCE-BASED REPORTS FOR IMPROVED PATIENT CARE

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins is a Continuing Professional Education (CPE) Accredited Provider with the Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR). Dr. Sahyoun is Associate Professor and Ms. Vaudin is a Graduate Student, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, 0112 Skinner Building, College Park, MD 20742; E-mail: nsahyoun@umd.edu. Dr. Sahyoun and Ms. Vaudin have disclosed that they have no financial relationships with, or financial interests in, any commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity. KEY MESSAGES ❏ Malnutrition is common among recently hospital-discharged older adults, potentially compromising the healing process and increasing the likelihood of readmission. ❏ These patients can benefit from nutrition services upon discharge, but hospitals do not often make referrals to available community resources. ❏ More work must be done to integrate nutrition services into the continuum of care from hospital to home.
ALTERATION OF POSTURAL RESPONSES TO VISUAL FIELD MOTION IN MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

OBJECTIVEBalance deficits in individuals suffering from mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) have been documented in numerous recent studies. However, long-lasting balance deficits and specific mechanisms causing these deficits have not been systematically examined. This paper aimed to present empirical evidence showing destabilizing effects of visual field motion in concussed individuals up to 30 days post-injury. METHOD60 student-athletes participated in pilot (n = 12) and major experiments(n = 48) prior to injury. Eight of these 48 subjects who suffered MTBI in athletic events were tested again on Day 3, Day 10 Day 30 after the incident. Postural responses to visual field motion were recorded using a virtual reality (VR) environment in conjunction with balance (AMTI force plate) and motion tracking (Flock of Birds, FOB) technologies. RESULTSThe area of the center of pressure during upright quite stance basically did not changed from Day 3–30 post-injury with respect to pre-injury status (P > .05). However, balance deficits induced by visual field motion were present up to 30 days post-injury. Destabilizing effect of visual field motion was observed via significant increase of the CP data (P < .05) and reduced coherence value. CONCLUSIONOur data suggest the presence of residual sensory integration dysfunction in concussed individuals at least 30 days post-injury and may indicate a lower threshold for brain re/injury.
Solubilization of natural gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) and the formation of calcium oxalate by Aspergillus niger and Serpula himantioides

The natural dihydrate form of calcium sulphate, CaSO 4 . 2H 2 O (gypsum), particularly found in gypsiferous soils and in certain building constructions, was found to be effectively solubilized by both Aspergillus niger and Serpula himantioides . When the fungi were grown on malt extract agar (MEA) medium amended with up to 1% (w/v) of gypsum, solubilization activity was evident by the appearance of a clear zone (haol) around and/or under the growing colonies. The haloes were found subsequently to enclose concentric rings of newly formed crystalline precipitate. The pH profile of the medium underneath the growing mycelium of A. niger was not affected by the presence of gypsum, while the S. himantioides pH profile displayed a slight reduction in pH values when grown on gypsum-containing media compared with the control. Electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis of the crystals revealed the formation of calcium-containing crystals with the characteristic morphology typical of different forms of calcium oxalate. The complexing activity of fungal-produced organic acids with calcium was suggested to be the prevalent mechanism of solubilization with the production of oxalic acid resulting in precipitation of oxalate. Such activity resulted in the release of available sulphate which increased over the incubation period. The concentrations of sulphate released from 0.5% (w/v) gypsum after growth of A. niger and S. himantioides for 8 d were 14·7±0·7 and 7·4±0·9 μmol cm -3 respectively. These results are discussed in the light of their relevance to land reclamation and plant nutrition, as well as the weathering of building materials containing gypsum.
Multivariate analysis for the safety assessment of genetically modified rices in the anti‐nutrients and phenolic compounds

Summary A safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) rice Agb0102 (resveratrol synthesis) and Agb0103 (drought-tolerant) were conducted by comparing with their non-GM comparators. Phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and phenolic acids of the rices were analysed to identify the biological equivalences and the impacts of the environment. The analytical tools were principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson's correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The PCA results of phytic acid and trypsin inhibitors revealed no clear separation among rices due to breeding conditions, environmental conditions or among various cultivars. The total, bound, free and ester forms of phenolic acids were not separated in the environmental conditions and different cultivars. The HCA analysis showed strong relationship between GM rice and non-GM rice. The concentrations of anti-nutrient and phenolic compounds of the GM rices were not different from those of non-GM comparators and that various chemometric tools were useful to describe the separation of GM and non-GM groups.
Relação entre o teor de clorofila nas folhas e a severidade de brusone nas panículas em arroz de terras altas

Relationship between chlorophyll content in leaves and panicle blast in upland rice Rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) is the most important yield limiting factor of upland rice in Brazil. The nitrogen application rate and planting date determine the level of panicle blast severity. A field experiment was conducted with the cultivar BRS Bonanca to establish the relationship between chlorophyll content in leaves and panicle blast severity. The layout was a randomized split plot design with three replications. The treatments included 12 planting dates at weekly intervals and five rates of nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 kg ha-1 of N). The chlorophyll content was measured on flag leaf with a chlorophyll meter. Panicle blast severity increased significantly with the increase in nitrogen fertilization. The correlation between nitrogen rate and chlorophyll content in flag leaf was positive and significant (r=0.98; p ≤ 0.01). The relationship between panicle blast severity and chlorophyll content was linear and positive (r= 0.99; p ≤ 0.01). The chlorophyll content in the flag leaf can be included as independent variable in the development of a mathematical model for panicle blast forecasting.
Molecular organization of CA1 interneuron classes

GABAergic interneurons are key regulators of hippocampal circuits, but our understanding of the diversity and classification of these cells remains controversial. Here we analyze the organization of interneurons in the CA1 area, using the combinatorial patterns of gene expression revealed by single-cell mRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). This analysis reveals a 5-level hierarchy of cell classes. Most of the predicted classes correspond closely to known interneuron types, allowing us to predict a large number of novel molecular markers of these classes. In addition we identified a major new interneuron population localized at the border of strata radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare that we term “R2C2 cells” after their characteristic combinatorial expression of Rgs12, Reln, Cxcl14, and Cpne5. Several predictions of this classification scheme were verified using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, providing further confidence in the gene expression patterns and novel classes predicted by the single cell data.
Listeria monocytogenes Survival Model Validated in Simulated Uncooked‐Fermented Meat Products for Effects of Nitrite and pH

Previous modeling studies in broth cultures demonstrated that acidity and nitrite increased the inactivation rate of Listeria monocytogenes. To validate this effect during storage of simulated uncooked-fermented meat products, lean beef was ground with salt, adjusted to pH 4.0-5.1, and treated with nitrite at 0-300 μg/mL. Samples were immediately inoculated with L. monocytogenes (10 7 CFU/g) and survivors were enumerated over 21 days storage at 37 o C. The time to achieve a four log decline as greatly affected by pH, ranging from 21 days at pH 5.0 to <1.0 day at pH 4.0. Growth occurred at pH 5.1 after a long lag period. Nitrite additions did not affect survival, suggesting that the effective concentration was the rapidly decreasing residual nitrite level
Does fire affect amphibians and reptiles in eastern U.S. oak forests

Current information about the effect of fire on amphibians and reptiles in oak forests of the Eastern and Central United States is reviewed. Current data suggest that fire results in little direct mortality of amphibians and reptiles. Fire has no effect on overall amphibian abundance, diversity, and number of species in comparisons of burned and unburned plots, though salamander numbers tend to be greater in unburned plots. Current research also suggests that fire has no effect on reptile abundance, diversity, or number of species except in several studies in which lizard abundance was or tended to be greater in burned plots. The season of burn seems to make no difference in amphibian and reptile response. Although fire generally has little effect on amphibians and reptiles in oak forests, managers need to continue to consider the potential effect of fire on amphibians and reptiles associated with streams and forest pools, and on endangered threatened species and/or those of special concern. Managers can monitor the effects of fire on their own or with help from biologists, or can consult references to surmise how management affects these animals.
Sustainability of fallow - Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) system as influenced by green manure, mustard straw cycling and fertilizer application

A field experiment was conducted for five consecutive years (2005-06 to 2009-10) to evaluate the effect of dhaincha ( Sesbania aculeata) green-manuring (GM), mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] straw cycling and fertilizers on productivity and sustainability of mustard under fallowmustard sequence. Sesbania (GM) and mustard straw cycling significantly influenced plant height, branches/plant, siliquae/plant, seeds/siliqua as well as seed and oil yields compared to existing fallow-mustard practice. The pooled mustard seed yield registered 42.3% increase due to Sesbania (GM) alone and 63.9% due to green manuring + mustard straw cycling. Increase in fer- tilizer levels from 40 kg N to 80 kg N and 8.7 kg P to 17.4 kg P significantly improved mustard yield attributes and seed and oil yields, while results of K application were inconsistent. The combined application of 80 N + 17.4 P + 33.3 K kg/ha synergistically increased the seed yield by 82.1% over 40 N + 8.7 P kg/ha. Supplementary use of balanced fertilizers (80 kg N: 17.4 kg P: 33.3 kg K) to either of organic treatments, synergistically improved the seed yield at least by three-fourth times. Sustainability yield index, partial factor productivity, production efficiency and incremental benefit cost ratio also showed significant improvement due to Sesbania (GM), mustard-straw cy- cling and judicious fertilizer use.