Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and factors associated with incomplete immunization among children aged 12 to 35 months in Eswatini: analysis of the Eswatini multiple indicator cluster survey

Introduction incomplete childhood immunization is a significant public health challenge as children continue to succumb to vaccine-preventable diseases in most developing countries. Studies on childhood immunization conducted in Eswatini are sparse. Therefore, the present study assessed the prevalence of incomplete childhood immunization in Eswatini and further explored associated factors among children aged 12 to 35 months. Methods using data from Eswatini multiple indicator cluster survey 5 (EMICS5), a cross-sectional analysis with 978 children aged 12 to 35 months was conducted. This is the latest available data in the public domain. The survey was conducted from July 2014 to October 2014. The primary outcome variable was incomplete immunization. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between selected variables and incomplete immunization. Results the mean age of the children was 23.45±6.92 months, 50.2% were boys, and 74.1% lived in rural areas. The prevalence of incomplete immunization was 31.5%. Increased child´s age, being a girl, increased caregiver´s age, and increased number of children under-five years in the household and residing in the Manzini or Hhohho region were significantly associated with incomplete immunization. Conclusion the EMICS 5 revealed a high prevalence of incomplete immunization in Eswatini. Health promotion activities such as empowering women and caregivers of children through health education about child health should be emphasized. Where feasible, outreach services and door-to-door immunization should be strengthened to improve immunization coverage in the country and cover dropouts.
Weak convergence of Galton-Watson processes

[1] CHEONG, C. K. AND HEATHCOTE, C. R. (1965) On the rate of convergence of waiting times. J. Austral. Math. Soc. 5, 365-373. [2] CRAVEN, B. D. AND SHANBHAG, D. N. (1973) The number of customers in a busy period. The Manchester-Sheffield Sheffield School of Probability and Statistics. Research Report 140/BDC &DNS 1. [3] HEATHCOTE, C. R. (1967) Complete exponential convergence and some related topics. J. Appl, Probe 4, 217-256. [4] KINGMAN, J. F. C. (1962) Some inequalities for the queue GIG/I. Biometrika 49,315-324. [5] VERAVERBEKE, N. AND TEUGELS, J. L. (1975) Regular speed of convergence for the maximum of a random walk. Procedings of the Colloquium of the Bolyai Janos Mathematical Society, Hungary.
Maxwell's approach to effective conductivity and its limitations

Summary Maxwell’s approach to calculate the effective constants of composites is discussed in many recent works. There are also various modiﬁcations such as effective medium approximations and differential schemes which are referred to self-consistent methods (SCMs). The following key question was stated in the literature: Are the SCMs valid only for dilute composites when the interactions among inclusions do not matter? In the present article, the rigorous answer is given for non-overlapping inclusions arbitrarily distributed in the plane. Most attention is paid to circular disks where the ﬁnal formulae can be explicitly written.Aseries in the contrast parameter for the effective conductivity is truncated and the second- and third-order terms are analysed. It is shown that for macroscopically isotropic composites the second-order term does not depend on the location of inclusions while the third-order term does. This implies that any SCM is valid up to the third-order term. Moreover, it is shown that SCMs can be applied to macroscopically anisotropic composites only within the ﬁrst-order approximation.
Poisson–geometric INAR(1) process for modeling count time series with overdispersion

In this paper, we propose a new first‐order non‐negative integer‐valued autoregressive [INAR(1)] process with Poisson–geometric marginals based on binomial thinning for modeling integer‐valued time series with overdispersion. Also, the new process has, as a particular case, the Poisson INAR(1) and geometric INAR(1) processes. The main properties of the model are derived, such as probability generating function, moments, conditional distribution, higher‐order moments, and jumps. Estimators for the parameters of process are proposed, and their asymptotic properties are established. Some numerical results of the estimators are presented with a discussion of the obtained results. Applications to two real data sets are given to show the potentiality of the new process.
Bit-level sparsity deep earning accelerator embedded with the binary neural network: a survey

Neural network accelerators provide deep learning algorithms with a faster and more energy-efficient way of computing. Among those hardware accelerators, the bit-level sparsity accelerator seeks the “0” bits in weights and activations to skip the ineffectual computation. Currently, bit-level sparsity accelerators have well explored the possible sparsity in various CNN models with different parameter precision. However, the large number of parameters in CNN occupies many memory storages and troubles designers to exploit the sparsity. Therefore, this paper introduces the Binary Neural Network (BNN) to shorten the computation time and energy consumption with acceptable losses of accuracy. In this paper, the research approach is based on both bit-level sparsity accelerators and BNN algorithms. Some current studies on bit-level sparsity accelerators are shown first, then BNN is introduced. The result provides a framework of bit-level sparsity deep learning accelerator embedded with the binary neural network.
Membrane Fluidization Governs the Coordinated Heat-Inducible Expression of Nucleus- and Plastid Genome-Encoded Heat Shock Protein 70 Genes in the Marine Red Alga Neopyropia yezoensis

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is an evolutionarily conserved protein chaperone in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. This family is involved in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis by ensuring the proper folding and refolding of proteins. The HSP70 family in terrestrial plants can be divided into cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-, mitochondrion (MT)-, and chloroplast (CP)-localized HSP70 subfamilies. In the marine red alga Neopyropia yezoensis, the heat-inducible expression of two cytoplasmic HSP70 genes has been characterized; however, little is known about the presence of other HSP70 subfamilies and their expression profiles under heat stress conditions. Here, we identified genes encoding one MT and two ER HSP70 proteins and confirmed their heat-inducible expression at 25 °C. In addition, we determined that membrane fluidization directs gene expression for the ER-, MT-, and CP-localized HSP70 proteins as with cytoplasmic HSP70s. The gene for the CP-localized HSP70 is carried by the chloroplast genome; thus, our results indicate that membrane fluidization is a trigger for the coordinated heat-driven induction of HSP70 genes harbored by the nuclear and plastid genomes in N. yezoensis. We propose this mechanism as a unique regulatory system common in the Bangiales, in which the CP-localized HSP70 is usually encoded in the chloroplast genome.
Temperature-dependent Prey Consumption and Functional Response of Episyrphus balteatus De Geer (Diptera: Syrphidae) to Macrosiphum rosae L. (Homoptera: Aphididae) reared on Rosa alba L. under Laboratory Conditions

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the prey consumption and functional response of the aphidophagous hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer (Diptera: Syrphidae) to different densities of fourth instar rose aphids, Macrosiphum rosae (Homoptera: Aphididae), reared on Rosa alba L. (Rosaceae) at 20 oC, 27 oC and 35 oC. The third instar of E.balteatus consumed a maximum of 51.3±0.53 M. rosae aphids at 27 oC, followed by the third instar with 46.5±0.53 aphid predation at 20 oC. The lowest handling time (Th) was noted for the third instar larvae of E. balteatus (0.407± 0.012) at 27 oC, and the maximum handling time (Th) of (0.662 ± 0.024) was noted for 2nd larvae of E. balteatus at 35 oC. The highest attack rate was noted for 3rd instar larvae (0.201± 0.014) at 27 oC, while the lowest attack rate was noted for second instar at 35 oC. Both instars of Episyrphus balteatus exhibited type II functional response at all three temperatures.
Systemic Antimicrobial Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis in Adults: A Narrative Review

Chronic osteomyelitis in adults is a complex condition that requires prolonged and intensive antimicrobial therapy, but evidence on optimal selection and duration of antibiotics is limited. A review of PubMed and Ovid Embase databases was conducted to identify systematic reviews, meta-analyses, retrospective and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on antibiotic treatment outcomes in adults with chronic osteomyelitis. Three main areas of interest were investigated: short-term versus long-term antibiotic therapy, oral versus parenteral antibiotic therapy, and combination antibiotic therapy with rifampicin versus without rifampicin. A total of 36 articles were identified and findings were synthesised using a narrative review approach. The available literature suffers from limitations, including a lack of high-quality studies, inconsistent definitions, and varying inclusion/exclusion criteria among studies. Most studies are open-labelled and lack blinding. Limited high-quality evidence exists that oral therapy is non-inferior to parenteral therapy and that shorter antibiotic duration might be appropriate in low-risk patients. Studies on the impact of rifampicin are inconclusive. Further well-designed studies are needed to provide more robust evidence in these areas.
Effect of Modified Environments on Gerbera

Five cultivars of gerbera, viz., Lily, Blorosa, Rosabella, Goldspot and Lilabella were tried under four environments, viz., 50% summer shading, overhead winter covering, summer shading followed by winter covering and control using factorial randomized block design with four replications in each treatment. Among the cultivers, Goldspot and among the treatments, summer shading followed by winter covering gave excellent results.
Political value-congruent climate change communication: an efficacy study from Germany and Austria (Congruencia de valores en la comunicación política del cambio climático: un estudio de eficacia de Alemania y Austria)

ABSTRACT To successfully battle climate change, it is crucial to reach people across political camps and national borders. Research from dual-party systems indicates that climate change communication is most effective when it addresses how climate action promotes recipients’ political values. Yet, to our knowledge, there is no such evidence from multi-party systems. To fill this gap, we conducted three studies in two Central European, German-speaking countries: Germany and Austria. In Study 1, we framed conservative and liberal climate protection messages using values from Schwartz’s Theory of Basic Human Values. Liberals agreed more with the liberally framed than with the conservatively framed climate protection message. In Study 2, we framed the climate protection message based on moral foundations. Conservative participants agreed more with the conservatively framed climate protection message than with the liberally framed one. Study 3 integrated values from multiple frameworks, and ultimately conservatives as well as liberals agreed more to climate protection statements that touched on values reflecting their political ideology. Thus, empirical findings from dual-party systems hold for countries with more than two parties.
Immune Reconstitution and Safe Metabolic Profile after the Switch to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate among Virologically Controlled PLWH: A 96 Week Update from the BICTEL Cohort

Background: Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (BIC/FTC/TAF) is a recommended once-daily single-tablet regimen for the treatment of people living with HIV (PLWH). We aimed to assess efficacy, safety, and tolerability of BIC/FTC/TAF among PLWH, with a specific focus on people older than 55 years. Methods: We recruited an observational retrospective real-life cohort, including all PLWH who underwent a therapeutic switch to BIC/FTC/TAF, independently from the previous treatment regimen (the BICTEL cohort). Longitudinal nonparametric analyses and linear models were built. Results: After 96 weeks of follow-up, 164 PLWH were included, with 106 older than 55. Both the intention-to-treat and the per-protocol analysis showed low rates of virologic failure, independent of the pre-switch anchor drug. At week 96, a significant increase in CD4+ T cell count and in CD4+/CD8+ ratio was observed, inversely correlated with baseline immune status. Fasting serum lipid profile, total body weight, BMI, and hepatic function were not affected by the switch, without new onset of metabolic syndrome or weight gain. Compared to baseline, we observed a renal function worsening which is worthy of further follow-up. Conclusion: BIC/FTC/TAF is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated switching strategy for PLWH, especially among those older than 55.
Towards an Integrated Approach to Wildfire Risk Assessment: When, Where, What and How May the Landscapes Burn

This paper presents a review of concepts related to wildfire risk assessment, including the determination of fire ignition and propagation (fire danger), the extent to which fire may spatially overlap with valued assets (exposure), and the potential losses and resilience to those losses (vulnerability). This is followed by a brief discussion of how these concepts can be integrated and connected to mitigation and adaptation efforts. We then review operational fire risk systems in place in various parts of the world. Finally, we propose an integrated fire risk system being developed under the FirEUrisk European project, as an example of how the different risk components (including danger, exposure and vulnerability) can be generated and combined into synthetic risk indices to provide a more comprehensive wildfire risk assessment, but also to consider where and on what variables reduction efforts should be stressed and to envisage policies to be better adapted to future fire regimes. Climate and socio-economic changes entail that wildfires are becoming even more a critical environmental hazard; extreme fires are observed in many areas of the world that regularly experience fire, yet fire activity is also increasing in areas where wildfires were previously rare. To mitigate the negative impacts of fire, those responsible for managing risk must leverage the information available through the risk assessment process, along with an improved understanding on how the various components of risk can be targeted to improve and optimize the many strategies for mitigation and adaptation to an increasing fire risk.
A Fluctuating Elastic Plate Model Applied to Graphene

Over the past few decades, the measurement and analysis of thermal undulations has pro-vided a route to estimate the mechanical properties of membranes. Theoretically, ﬂuctu- ating elastic membranes have been studied mostly by Fourier analysis coupled with perturbation theory (to capture anharmonic effects), or by computer simulations of trian- gulated surfaces. These techniques as well as molecular dynamic simulations have also been used to study the thermal ﬂuctuations of graphene. Here, we present a semi-analytic approach in which we view graphene as a triangulated membrane, but compute the sta- tistical mechanical quantities using Gaussian integrals. The nonlinear coupling of in-plane strains with out-of-plane deﬂections is captured using a penalty energy. We recover well-known results for the scaling of the ﬂuctuations with membrane size, but we show that the ﬂuctuation proﬁle strongly depends on boundary conditions and type of loading applied on the membrane. Our method quantitatively predicts the dependence of the ther- mal expansion coefﬁcient of graphene on temperature and shows that it agrees with several experiments. We also make falsiﬁable predictions for the dependence of thermal expansion coefﬁcient and the heat capacity of graphene on applied loads and temperature. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4033681]
Strongly Correlated Materials: Insights from Dynamical Mean- Field Theory

Strongly correlated materials are a wide class of electronic materials that show unusual electronic and magnetic properties, such as metal-insulator transitions or half- metallicity.They are the systems in which the potential energy due to electron - electron interactions are comparable to or is larger than the kinetic energy. Dynamical mean field theory is a method to determine the electronic structure of strongly correlated materials. Materials with correlated electrons exhibit some of the most intriguing phenomena in condensed matter physics. A new theoretical framework is now allowing theorists to calculate the electronic structure of these materials, which can exist in a rich variety of phases. Strongly correlated materials are a wide class of electronic materials that show unusual electronic and magnetic properties, such as metal-insulator transitions or half-elasticity. DMFT is exact in the limit of infinite dimensions, the Lattice problem which is a Single site impurity problem in a self- consistent bath. Most importantly, the kinetic energy term and the interaction term are treated on an equal footing.
Semantic Distance Adversarial Learning for Text-to-Image Synthesis

Text-to-Image (T2I) synthesis is a cross-modality task that requires a text description as input to generate a realistic and semantically consistent image. To guarantee semantic consistency, previous studies regenerate text descriptions from synthetic images and align them with the given descriptions. However, the existing redescription modules lack explicit modeling of their training objectives, which is crucial for reliable measurement of semantic distance between redescriptions and given text inputs. Consequently, the aligned text redescriptions suffer from training bias caused by the emergence of adversarial image samples, unseen semantics, and mistaken contents from low-quality synthesized images. To this end, we propose a SEMantic distance Adversarial learning (SEMA) framework for Text-to-Image synthesis which strengthens semantic consistency from two aspects: 1) We introduce adversarial learning between the image generator and the text redescription module to mutually promote or demote the quality of generated image or text instances. This learning model ensures accurate redescription of image contents, thus diminishing the generation of adversarial image samples. 2) We introduce two-fold semantic distance discrimination (SEM distance) to characterize semantic relevance between matching text or image pairs. The unseen semantics and mistaken contents will be penalized with a large SEM distance. The proposed discrimination method also simplifies the model training process with no need to optimize multiple discriminators. Experimental results on CUB Birds 200 and MS-COCO datasets show that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Influence of no-till cover crops on the physical and hydraulic properties
of a Paleudult

The influence of a single species cover crop on soil hydraulic properties during one growing season are well known. However, the influence of multi-year and multi-species cover crops on soil physical and hydraulic properties are not yet fully understood. The current study was set up using a completely randomized block design during 2021 and 2022, it investigated the effects of a multi-species cover crop (winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), triti-cale ( Triticale hexaploide Lart), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa ), oats ( Avena sativa ), and cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.)) on bulk density, soil organic carbon, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pore-size distribution, and volumetric water content at 0, -0.4, -1, -2.5, -5, -10, -20, -33, -100, and -1 500 kPa soil water pressures. The soil samples were collected in 10 cm increments from the soil surface down to 30 cm. After 2 years, the results showed that cover crop reduced bulk density by 17% as compared with no cover crop management. Further, the cover crop-induced increases in soil organic carbon as well as in macro-and mesoporosity led to 23, 25, and 28% increases in volumetric water content at 0, -33, and -100 kPa soil water pressures respectively, relative to no cover crop management. When comparing the two years of the study, under cover crop management alone, saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher in 2021 as compared to 2022, which suggests that cover crop-induced improvements in some hydraulic properties may not be proportional over time. In general, cover crops improved the measured soil hydraulic properties after 2 years and this has the potential to be beneficial for improving soil water storage.
Cheese yield and nutrients recovery in the curd predicted by Fourier-transform spectra from individual sheep milk samples.

The objectives of this study were to explore the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FITR) spectroscopy on individual sheep milk samples for predicting cheese-making traits, and to test the effect of the farm variability on their prediction accuracy. For each of 121 ewes from 4 farms, a laboratory model cheese was produced and 3 actual cheese yield traits (fresh cheese, cheese solids, and cheese water) and 4 milk nutrient recovery traits (fat, protein, total solids, and energy) in the curd were measured. Calibration equations were developed using a Bayesian approach with 2 different scenarios: i) a random cross-validation (CV) [80% calibration (CAL); 20% validation (VAL) set], and ii) a leave-one-out validation (3 farms used as CAL, and the remaining one as VAL set) to assess the accuracy of prediction of samples from external farms, not included in calibration set. The best performance was obtained for predicting the yield and recovery of total solids, justifying for the practical application of the method at sheep population and dairy industry levels. Performances for the remaining traits were lower, but still useful for the monitoring of the milk processing in the case of fresh curd and recovery of energy. Insufficient accuracies were found for the recovery of protein and fat, highlighting the complex nature of the relationships among the milk nutrients and their recovery in the curd. The leave-one-out validation procedure, as expected, showed lower prediction accuracies, as a result of the characteristics of the farming systems, which were different between calibration and validation sets. In this regard, the inclusion of information related to the farm could help to improve the prediction accuracy of these traits. Overall, a large contribution to the prediction of the cheese-making traits came from the areas known as "water" and "fingerprint" regions. These findings suggest that, according to the traits studied, the inclusion of "water" regions for the development of the prediction equation models is fundamental to maintain a high prediction accuracy. However, further studies are necessary to better understand the role of specific absorbance peaks and their contribution to the prediction of cheese-making traits, to offer reliable tools applicable along the dairy ovine chain.