Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Spodoptera litura (F) Populations from Uttarakhand

Spodoptera litura populations were collected from different lowland areas and doon valley situated in Uttarakhand and insecticide resistance effect was studied for indoxacarb 14.5% SC, chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC, fipronil 5% SC, chlorpyriphos 50%+cypermethrin 5% EC and profenofos 40%+cypermethrin 4% EC, also the specific activity of carboxylesterase, acetyl choline esterase, mono-oxygenase and glutathione-s-transferase was studied for biochemical analysis of detoxification enzymes. The scale of infestation was measured and related to temperature and humidity. High infestation has been observed in areas with optimum temperature and humidity. Highest resistance in the study was found against profenofos 40%+chlorpyriphos 4% and fipronil 5%SC with LC50 243.63 µg/ml and 214.22 µg/ ml respectively. On biochemical analysis of detoxification enzymes, it was observed that the highest activity of all the enzymes was observed in Mota Haldu population. Hence, overproduction of detoxification enzymes was found to be responsible for insecticide resistance in S. litura populations studied.
Latest progress in low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for studying exosomes derived from stem/progenitor cells

Stem cells have self-renewal, replication, and multidirectional differentiation potential, while progenitor cells are undifferentiated, pluripotent or specialized stem cells. Stem/progenitor cells secrete various factors, such as cytokines, exosomes, non-coding RNAs, and proteins, and have a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine. However, therapies based on stem cells and their secreted exosomes present limitations, such as insufficient source materials, mature differentiation, and low transplantation success rates, and methods addressing these problems are urgently required. Ultrasound is gaining increasing attention as an emerging technology. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has mechanical, thermal, and cavitation effects and produces vibrational stimuli that can lead to a series of biochemical changes in organs, tissues, and cells, such as the release of extracellular bodies, cytokines, and other signals. These changes can alter the cellular microenvironment and affect biological behaviors, such as cell differentiation and proliferation. Here, we discuss the effects of LIPUS on the biological functions of stem/progenitor cells, exosomes, and non-coding RNAs, alterations involved in related pathways, various emerging applications, and future perspectives. We review the roles and mechanisms of LIPUS in stem/progenitor cells and exosomes with the aim of providing a deeper understanding of LIPUS and promoting research and development in this field.
Objective sleep and cardiometabolic biomarkers: results from the community of mine study

Abstract Study Objectives Examining multiple dimensions of sleep health may better capture associations between sleep and health risks, including cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Hispanics have elevated risk for inadequate sleep and CMD biomarkers. Few studies have explored whether associations between sleep and CMD differ by Hispanic ethnicity. Methods Leveraging data from the Community of Mine (CoM) study, a cross-sectional investigation of 602 ethnically diverse participants, we derived accelerometer-measured sleep duration and efficiency, and self-reported sleep quality. Accelerometer-measured sleep exposures were analyzed both as continuous and categorical variables. Multivariate and quantile regression models were used to assess associations between sleep and CMD biomarkers (insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol), controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, education, smoking status, and body mass index. We examined the potential effect modification of Hispanic ethnicity. Results We observed mixed results based on CMD biomarkers and sleep exposure. Increased sleep duration was significantly related to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adjusted models (estimate = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.11). Poor sleep efficiency was associated with greater insulin resistance in the adjusted quantile (estimate = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.36) model at the 90th percentile. Self-reported sleep quality was not associated with CMD outcomes. There was no evidence of effect modification by Hispanic ethnicity. Conclusions In this cohort, sleep health measures were found to have mixed and at times opposing effects on CMD outcomes. These effects did not demonstrate an interaction with Hispanic ethnicity.
Estimating fuel response time and predicting fuel moisture content from field data

We develop a method for estimating equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and fuel moisture response time, using data collected for Eucalyptus twig litter. The method is based on the governing differential equation for the diffusion of water vapour from the fuel, and on a semi-physical formulation for EMC (Nelson 1984), based on the change in Gibbs free energy, which estimates the EMC as a function of fuel temperature and humidity. We then test the model on data collected in Western Australian mallee shrubland and in Tasmanian buttongrass moorland. This method is more generally applicable than those described by Viney and Catchpole (1991) and Viney (1992). The estimates of EMC and response time are in broad agreement with laboratory-based estimates for similar fuels (Anderson 1990a ; Nelson 1984). The model can be used to predict fuel moisture content by a book-keeping method. The predictions agree wellwith the observations for all three of our data sets.
Prognostic factors of poor postoperative outcomes in gastrectomies

Background Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is the third most common cause of cancer related death. Improving postoperative results by understanding risk factors which impact outcomes is important. The current study aimed to compare immediate perioperative outcomes following gastrectomy. Methods 302 patients following gastric resections over a 10-year period (January 2009–January 2020) were identified in a database and retrospectively analysed. Epidemiological as well as perioperative data was analysed, and a univariate and multivariate analysis performed to identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Results In general, gastrectomies were mainly performed electively (total vs. subtotal 95% vs. 85%, p = 0.004). Patients having subtotal gastrectomy needed significantly more PRBC transfusions compared to total gastrectomy (p = 0.039). Most emergency surgeries were performed for benign diseases, such as ulcer perforations or bleeding and gastric ischaemia. Only emergency surgery was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.32–5.05, p = 0.003). Conclusion In-hospital mortality was comparable between total and subtotal gastrectomies. Only emergency interventions increased postoperative fatality risk.
Interannual variability of H218O in precipitation over the Asian monsoon region

[1] The stable isotopic composition of water has been used as a paleoproxy to reconstruct past climates over the Asian monsoon region, but the main controls on the variability of isotopes of water in precipitation have not been characterized quantitatively in this region. Therefore, we used an atmospheric general circulation model incorporating stable water isotope physics to quantitatively estimate the relative contributions to isotope variability in precipitation falling in the Asian monsoon region. As in previous research, we identified two primary factors controlling the interannual variability of δ18Oprecip (defined as (Rsample/RVSMOW − 1) × 1000, where RVSMOW is the 18O ratio in Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water) and its correlation with El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events: the amount of precipitation at the observation site, and distillation during transport from source regions. Two sensitivity experiments revealed that distillation during transport from source regions was the dominant controlling factor; at Bangkok, Bombay, and Hong Kong, the amount of local precipitation contributed 27%, 33%, and 25% while distillation processes contributed 70%, 60%, and 70%, respectively. Similarly, distillation processes accounted for 80%, 82%, and 83% of observed differences in δ18Oprecip between El Nino and La Nina years at these three cities, respectively. Therefore, interannual variability of δ18Oprecipat the three stations primarily reflects distillation during transport from source regions, and it is also governed by the large-scale tropical variability (ENSO).
Walkability of Campus Communities Surrounding Wright State University

The purpose of this study was to assess the walkability of the community surrounding the Wright State University (WSU) campus using the Postsecondary Education Campus Walkability/Bikeability Semantic-Differential Assessment Instrument. Path safety, path quality and path temperature control were the three categories measured using twelve separate criteria. Thirty-four path segments were assessed in three distinct areas surrounding WSU campus; 29 segments were assessed during the day and five segments were assessed at night. The overall walkability score of the campus community was 66.2% or an average grade of C. No path segments scored above 85% and six path segments scored below 26%. Fifteen path segments in a residential area and had a walkability score of 72%. The residential area scored high (above 4.0) in the criteria of crosswalks, path maintenance, path size and accessibility. The other two areas were commercial and retail areas and had walkability scores of 69.7% and 43.3%. The low walkability scores (below 2.0) for these two areas are due to poor motor vehicle pedestrian conflict, nighttime safety and aesthetics. The campus community surrounding WSU is mildly walkable, with the residential area and one commercial area moderately walkable. Path maintenance, path size and wheelchair accessibility were features that were conducive to walking. Shade and nighttime safety were features that had the lowest scores. Overall, the walkability of the campus community is mildly walkable, with overall good scores for path quality, but has areas a few path segments that need improvement scored very low dropping the average walkability score.
An Economic Analysis of Stationary Beekeeping in the Northern States of India

Though apiculture was prevalent since time immemorial in India, its commercialization began only after the introduction of Apis mellifera. In today’s time, beekeeping has become an integral part of integrated farming system (IFS) models. Hence, an economic study was taken up with sixty IFS adoptee farmers of crop + dairy + beekeeping model for the northern states of Punjab and Haryana, with Punjab being one of the most potential states and Haryana falling in the category of potential states as per Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC). The cost benefit analysis for Punjab and Haryana has been estimated as 2.46 and 2.06, respectively. The respective total honey production for Punjab and Haryana was found to be 6296.68 and 2956.62 kg from 304 and 143 beehives and their respective break-even point were also calculated as 1316.90 and 655.37 kg, indicating that the beekeeping is a highly profitable venture.
Coupling Processes of Xunhua-Hualong Basin-Orogenic Belt Since Late Cretaceous: Evidence from Apatite Fission Track Geochronology and Source Analysis

Xunhua-Hualong basin Cenozoic sedimentary strata, basement and surrounding mountains analysis of apatite fission track geochronology reveals the Northeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau experienced three periods of uplift and exhumation events since Late Cretaceous: (1) Basin basement, Laji mountain and West Qinling orogenic belt apatite fission track ages generally record a Late Cretaceous-Eocene relatively rapid regional uplift and exhumation event. Northern margin of West Qinling rapidly uplift at 84 Ma, which was controlled by the uplift of the northward thrust; to the North Lamu Gorge in central of Xunhua-Hualong basin uplift at 69 Ma; further north rapid uplift stages along Laji mountain is mainly between 40-50 Ma, reflecting Paleocene-Eocene rapid uplift gradually extending from south to north. This tectonic uplift event resulted in Xunhua-Hualong basin and Linxia basin missing Paleogene Xining group sedimentary strata that deposits in northern Xining-Minhe basin. The first period of uplift and exhumation ended at about 31 Ma,when Xunhua-Hualong basin connected with eastern Linxia basin to a large unified foreland basin of West Qinling, both experience the same tectonic and sedimentary evolution history, therefore Cenozoic oldest Tala group sedimentary strata age in Xunhua-Hualong basin wont exceed the oldest sedimentary strata with Paleomagnetic age of 29 Ma in Linxia basin. (2) Late Oligocene about 26 Ma Laji mountain began bi-directionally thrust-uplift and may have continued to Early Miocene about 21 Ma, and uplifting made Xunhua-Hualong basin become piedmont extrusion foreland basin between Laji mountain and West Qinling, when Xunhua-Hualong basin began to deposit Tala group alluvial fan of thick coarse clastic rocks. By analyzing sedimentary facies, the ancient flow direction and gravel composition of Xianshuihe group and Linxia group sedimentary strata in Xunhua-Hualong basin, it is concluded that Laji mountains experienced the largest bi-directional thrust-uplift event in the Miocene about 8 Ma, which led directly to the event of Xunhua-Hualong piedmont extrusion foreland basin turning into mountain basin, which formed basic pattern of basin-mountain landform in northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau nowadays.
A new assessment of the abundance of serpentinite in the oceanic crust

The ‘gabbro' model of the composition of the oceanic crust has prevailed for more than two decades, but serpentinites are common along much of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, and elsewhere, leading to renewed debate over the abundance of serpentinites in crust created at slow‐spreading ridges. Based on data from both oceanic and ophiolite samples, it has also been suggested that serpentinites are not distinguishable from meta‐gabbros and diabases by their seismic properties. We have made new statistical analyses of the relationship between Vs and Vp in oceanic gabbro and diabase samples and serpentinized peridotites, and compared them to in situ s‐wave and p‐wave velocities derived from Expanding Spread Profiles (ESPs) acquired in the Atlantic. Our findings demonstrate: (1) that there is some overlap of the properties of gabbroic samples taken from ophiolites with the properties of serpentinites, but (2) over the range of typical‐layer 3 seismic velocities, the seismic properties of oceanic gabbros and diabases are distinctly different from the properties of serpentinites, and (3) that in situ seismic velocities are in excellent agreement with the properties of the gabbros, while the shear velocities in serpentinites are significantly lower. Partially‐serpentinized peridotite is certainly present, but not abundant in ‘normal' oceanic crust.
Response of young clementine citrus trees to drip irrigation. I. Irrigation amount and number of drippers

SummaryGrowth, evapotranspiration, water relations and yield components of clementine trees (Citrus clementine, Hort ex Tan) subjected to differential drip-irrigation treatments were investigated during two seasons (1990–1992), Irrigation treatments were applied in a factorial design of two or four emitters per tree and four amounts of water (50,80,110 and 140% of tree evapotranspiration measured by a large weighing lysimeter located in the same plot), Seasonal water use in the lysimeter was 290 and 397 mm per year for 1990 and 1991, respectively, and the corresponding crop coefficient values were 0, 25 and 0, 31, Soil evaporation during selected periods of 1991 ranged from about 50% of evapotranspira tion in months with frequent rainfall to 8-30% in rainless months, The number of emitters per tree did not significantly affect soil matric tension, tree water status or tree growth, nor flowering, fruit-set or yield, Irrigation amount, however, significantly affected all these variates, Irrigation with 50% .
New 14C Dates of Neolithic and Early Metal Period Ceramics in Lithuania

Twenty-three samples of charred food remains, charcoal, burned animals, and human bones from 14 Lithuanian prehistoric sites were dated by radiocarbon as part of a dating project oriented towards renewing the prehistoric ceramics chronology. The new dates modified the dating of ceramic styles by hundreds to a thousand years. Three Textile Ware sherds were dated to 4230–2920 cal BC—the oldest known dates of Textile Ware pottery in the East Baltic. The organic-tempered pointed-bottomed Narva and Combed-like Wares were dated to 3970–3370 cal BC, while Bay Coast Ware (Haffküstenkultur, Rzucewo), including vessels decorated with cord impressions, were dated to 3940–3540 cal BC, i.e. to a period well preceding the Corded Ware/Battle Axe horizon in Europe. Three dates of Globular Amphorae Ware placed the phenomenon directly beyond the Bay Coast chronology, i.e. in 3450–2920 cal BC. Chamotte-tempered Corded Ware from SE Lithuania was dated to 2840–2570 cal BC. The first absolute dating of coarse ware of the Žalioji type pointed to a period of 760–515 cal BC instead of the previously assumed 2nd millennium cal BC. Cremated human bones from urns found at Paveisininkai, Kernavė, and Naudvaris cemeteries were dated to 790–380 cal BC. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates obtained from charred food remains should be treated with a certain caution due to a possible freshwater reservoir effect that has not yet been examined in Lithuania.
Midiendo la diversidad biológica: más allá del índice de Shannon

The study of biodiversity is the concern of countless biologists, but the mathematical tools they use to measure it are not always adequate to make inferences about changes in biological diversity, or about the relative impor tance of within- and between- group diversity. The abundance-based diversity indices most used in ecology, the Shannon or Gini-Simpson indices, which combine both species richness and equitability, are genuine measures of something related to the complexity of biological communities; but they are not directly compatible with the rules of inference biologists apply to them. Conclusions based on them will often be invalid. They are also not in the same units as each other, or as species richness, so they cannot be compared across indices. Nevertheless, they can be converted to a linear species richness scale by taking their equivalent number of species, the number of equally common, equiprobable species needed to produce a community with the same complexity as that indicated by the original measure. After this conversion, measures can be directly compared with each other. All standard complexity measures of given order q have the same formula when converted: qD ≡ [Σ pi q]1/(1 – q). The most useful diversity measure, and the only one that weighs all species exactly according to their relative contribution to the community, is the limit of this expression as q approaches 1, which equals the exponential of the Shannon index, 1D = e[–Σpi×ln(pi)]. Differences between true diversity measures and the unconverted Shannon and GiniSimpson indices are highlighted by means of examples, and inappropriate use of standard indices is illustrated. In order to adequately assess spatial and temporal changes in biological diversity, and to avoid conservation mistakes with potentially irreversible consequences, it is important to use measures whose properties match the rules of inference used. Shannon and Gini-Simpson indices fail in this, but equivalent number of species succeeds.
Seismic anisotropy and its relation with crust structure and stress field in the Reggio Emilia Region (Northern Italy)

SUMMARY Shear wave splitting is measured at 14 seismic stations in the Reggio Emilia region above local background seismicity and two sequences of seismic events. The good quality of the waveforms together with the favourable distribution of earthquake foci allows us to place strong constraints on the geometry and the depth of the anisotropic volume. It is about 60 km 2 wide and located between 6 and 11 km depth, inside Mesozoic age carbonate rocks. The splitting results suggest also the presence of a shallower anisotropic layer about 1 km thick and few km wide in the Pliocene‐Quaternary alluvium above the Mesozoic layer. The fast polarization directions (N30 ◦ E) are approximately parallel to the maximum horizontal stress (σ 1 is SSW‐NNE) in the region and also parallel to the strike of the main structural features in the Reggio Emilia area. The size of the delay times suggests about 4.5 per cent shear wave velocity anisotropy. These parameters agree with an interpretation of seismic anisotropy in terms of the extensivedilatancy anisotropy model which considers the rock volume to be pervaded by fluid-saturated microcracks aligned by the active stress field. We cannot completely rule out the contribution of aligned macroscopic fractures as the cause of the shear wave anisotropy even if the parallel shear wave polarizations we found are diagnostic of transverse isotropy with a horizontal axis of symmetry. This symmetry is commonly explained by parallel stress-aligned microcracks.
Sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition promotes photosynthesized carbon sequestration in the soil

Introduction Sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen (N) addition has improved soil fertility and sustainable agricultural development in China. However, the effects of intercropping pattern and N fertilizer addition on the allocation of photosynthesized carbon (C) in plant-soil system were far less understood. Methods In this study, we performed an 13CO2 pulse labeling experiment to trace C footprints in plant-soil system under different cropping patterns [sugarcane monoculture (MS), sugarcane/soybean intercropping (SB)] and N addition levels [reduced N addition (N1) and conventional N addition (N2)]. Results and discussion Our results showed that compared to sugarcane monoculture, sugarcane/soybean intercropping with N reduced addition increased sugarcane biomass and root/shoot ratio, which in turn led to 23.48% increase in total root biomass. The higher root biomass facilitated the flow of shoot fixed 13C to the soil in the form of rhizodeposits. More than 40% of the retained 13C in the soil was incorporated into the labile C pool [microbial biomass C (MBC) and dissolved organic C (DOC)] on day 1 after labeling. On day 27 after labeling, sugarcane/soybean intercropping with N reduced addition showed the highest 13C content in the MBC as well as in the soil, 1.89 and 1.14 times higher than the sugarcane monoculture, respectively. Moreover, intercropping pattern increased the content of labile C and labile N (alkaline N, ammonium N and nitrate N) in the soil. The structural equation model indicated that the cropping pattern regulated 13C sequestration in the soil mainly by driving changes in labile C, labile N content and root biomass in the soil. Our findings demonstrate that sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced N addition increases photosynthesized C sequestration in the soil, enhances the C sink capacity of agroecosystems.