Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic classification of alzheimer's disease from structural MRI

Alzheimer’s disesase, the world’s most common form of dementia, is projected to boom in the coming years. The disease is very financially costly, with a poorly understood cause and no curative treatment. Early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s and its prodromal stage is very important for possible delay of the disease, and there is thus a great deal of interest in the development of new methods for earlier detection. Structural irregularities of the brain are a sensitive feature of the disease (observable on MR images), and one of several known biological markers of the disease. Machine learning models, and maybe particularly techniques from the machine learning branch deep learning, might be able to learn features from high-dimensional data like structural MRI, and thereby enable automatic classification of Alzheimer’s disease. This thesis first presents information about Alzheimer’s disease relevant to the task at hand. It then reviews and summarizes some of the most important relevant machine learning research from later years. Based upon this information, we design and perform some experiments to investigate the possibility of automatic classifaction of Alzheimer’s disease from structural MRI, using several methods of dimensional reduction and variations in the formulation of the learning task via different schemes of merging diagnostic groups, and performed with various machine learning approaches. We discover that decision trees trained on a dataset that had been dimensionally reduced via principal component analysis, with learning posed as a binary classification problem between Alzheimer’s disease and all other diagnostic groups yielded the best results — comparable to related work. We hope that this thesis can provide a jumping off point for further research on this problem.
MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLET: A REVIEW

The desire of improved palatability in orally administered products has prompted the development of numerous formulations with improved performance and acceptability. Mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) have received ever-increasing demand during the last few decades, and the field has become a rapidly growing area in the pharmaceutical industry. The unique property of mouth dissolving tablet is that they are rapidly disintegrating and/or dissolving and release the drug as soon as they come in contact with saliva, thus obviate the requirement of water during administration. This article reviews the earlier applications and methodologies of taste masking and also emphasize on the recent developments and approaches of bitterness reduction for orally used pharmaceuticals. Apart from the conventional methods of fabrication, this review also provides the detailed concept of some unique patents; technologies developed and marketed formulations of Mouth Dissolving Tablets (MDTs).
Prevalence, perception and attitude of dental students towards academic dishonesty and ways to overcome cheating behaviors

Background: The aim was to assess the attitude, perception and prevalence of cheating behavior by dental students and to determine various methods they used to commit the dishonest act and ways to create an environment to reduce the malpractice. Materials and Methods: Closed-ended questionnaire was designed and distributed to 200 undergraduate students in various colleges of Dental Institution in India. The data were analyzed for percentage proportions. Results: About 76% of students confessed to having participated in the act of cheating and 60% respondents strongly agreed to cheat owing to the pressure and workload that the dental college curriculum includes. Most common methods used to cheat were to directly peep into other people’s paper. Getting professional patients during clinical exams were not considered as a serious issue by many respondents. Majority of the students strongly agreed for raising the awareness of ethics and invigilators to be instructed to strictly monitor the examination hall. Conclusion: Academic dishonesty is a serious concern among dental students because of the career they will embark on as health care professionals. Hence, it’s exceptionally crucial for us as mentors to consider the issue seriously and work on it by considering measures to reduce the pressure and workload of students and to undertake vital steps to reduce cheating behavior.
A New IPFM Based Model For Artifitial Generating Of HRV With Random Input E

The heart rate variability (HRV) signal is a useful and non-invasive tool for the evaluation of cardiovascular system and Autonomic Nervous System. Many researcher tried to model this signal. There are many different approaches for this modelling. One of the most frequently used method is Integral Pulse Frequency Modulator (IPFM) model. In IPFM model there is an input signal which is fed to an integrator and when the output of the integrator reaches to a threshold then we have a pulse. This pulse simulates the R-wave of the ECG signal. The source of ECG is sinoatrial (SA) node. SA node is affected by many factors. The power spectrum of HRV signal is divided into three main bands i.e. VLF, LF and HF. The information in these three bands shows how the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) affects on heart activity. The ratio LF/HF is related to sampatho-vagal balance. The proposed model generates both normal HRV and HRV of some abnormalities with regard to ANS. As we used random signal in the input of the IPFM the output of the model has random variations and the output never be as a periodic signal. Our model is very similar to real HRV than a normal IPFM. In our previous work we added the random signal to threshold and now we apply the random signal to the main input. We used Guassian random signal with zero mean with variance equals to 1.
Vitamin C and garlic (Allium sativum) ameliorate nephrotoxicity and biochemical alterations induced in lead-exposed rats

The ameliorative effects of vitamin C and garlic (Allium sativum) on nephrotoxicity and biochemical alterations induced in lead-exposed rats were investigated. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose (GLC), total protein (TPR), albumin (ALB), cholesterol (CHL), haemoglobi (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) and significant (p < 0.05) elevation in plasma levels of lead (Pb), uric acid, creatinine and concentration of erythrocyte protoporphyrin (ERY) in lead nephrotoxic rats. However, post-treatment with garlic and vitamin C significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated elevations in the plasma levels of Pb, uric acid, creatinine and ERY. Garlic and vitamin C also significantly (p < 0.05) improved GLC, ALB, CHL, Hb, and PCV. Therefore, the overall results showed that garlic (Allium sativum) and vitamin C ameliorate biochemical alterations and further protect against lead-induced nephrotoxicity in rats with vitamin C showing more effectiveness on most parameters.
Impact of Salesperson’s Service Quality on Customer Buying Behavior in Fashion Retail Sector

Purpose – This paper tries to assess the effect of salesperson service quality on consumer buying decisions. Design/methodology/approach – Under this research SERVQUAL scale has been utilized after certain modifications vis a vis salespersons service quality in the fashion products industry. Customer buying decision was also measured through a self-developed scale. Responses from 110 customers were obtained at the time of leaving the store.Findings – The findings were surprisingly different from previous researches as tangibles were rated the highest influence on customer buying decision.Research limitations/implications –The study was conducted in a Capital city of India i.e. Delhi and Capital of Uttar Pradesh, i.e. Lucknow. Therefore the findings cannot be generalized for the whole country. The findings may not be consistent with other retail settings.Originality/value – The findings can help a salesperson to work on the areas of service quality which facilitates repeated customer contact and increased sales.
Use of Laser-Induced Thermotherapy in the Thyroid Benign Nodular Pathology Treatment

The results of treatment by the laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) method of 107 patients with the thyroid benign palpable abnormalities are studied. Mean nodes volume before and after the treatment was reduced from 5,0 cm3 to 2,8 cm3 (44%). Among palpable abnormalities with the volume up to 1 cm3 the mean volume decreased by more than 60%. Among large palpable abnormalities with the volume more than 8 cm3 the average size decreased in all a little by more than 40%. Among the nodes with the volume up to 1 cm3 after the LITT conducting the most part decreased by more than 50% (19 of 33), 8 of them (24,2%) decreased by more than 75%, 6 (18,3%) nodes disappeared completely. Among the nodes of 1 2 cm3 more than a half also decreased by more than 50% (17 of 29), 6 nodes (20,7%) of them by more than 75%. Among palpable abnormalities more than 4 cm3 there was not a single node, which decreased in volume by more than 75%. However, most of them decreased by more than 25%. The statistically significant difference of dependence of a node volume reduction from laser action number of points is noted. Three patients (2,8%) had a small burn of the skin in the place of the needle puncture. The LITT method of the thyroid benign palpable abnormalities is highly effective, because in the vast majority of cases leads to either disappearance or significant reduction of a palpable abnormality.
Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most frequently encountered reasons for hospital admission and is commonly seen in all populations worldwide. For that, an extensive literature search of the Medline, Cochrane and EMBASE databases on has been conducted using the medical subject headings (MeSH) terms. Papers discussing diagnosis, management, and prognosis of MI were screened for relevant information. There were no limits on date, language, age of participants or publication type. The clinical approach to a patient suspected to have an acute MI consists of detailed history taking, electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, cardiac biochemistry evidence and imaging. In the same context. the initial management of acute MI consists of restoring the balance between oxygen supply and demand to prevent further myocardial ischemia, pain relief and prevention of treatment complications. This should be followed by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary angiography, thrombolytic therapy, or emergency coronary artery bypass graft (CABG); according to the condition of the patients and the type of MI. Following an acute MI, patients are at risk of further adverse cardiovascular events such as recurrent infarct, death, stroke and heart failure. These outcomes vary depending on the clinical profile and the associated comorbidities.
OUTPATIENT UTILIZATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC DRUGS IN THE SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIA

Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. RESEARCH ARTICLE IN TERN A IO N A L JO U RN A L O F D RU G D EV LO PM EN T A N D R ESEA RC H ABSTRACT Background Recent study in the tertiary hospitals in Nigeria showed that prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is on the increase. With this increase, the prescription volume of anti diabetic drugs, morbidity and ultimately mortality rates are expected to assume an upward trend especially in regions of the world like Nigeria where healthcare services are suboptimal for the rapidly expanding populations. Aim To determine the outpatient utilization of anti diabetic drugs in south-eastern Nigeria. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken for 20 weeks between July 2008 and November, 2008 in the three tertiary hospitals which were randomly selected. All prescriptions issued to patients attending endocrinology clinic during this period following each days consultation were copied out from the case files and recorded in case record forms. Cost of the prescribed drugs was obtained from drug price list of the hospital pharmacies. Results Oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) ((15.21 DDDs/1000 diabetic patients) /day) were 4.5 times more utilized than insulin (3.4 DDDs/1000 diabetic patients /day). Among OHAs, Biguanide (Metformin) was the most utilized (11.3 DDDs/1000 diabetic patients /day), it was likely to be prescribed to diabetic patient daily compared to Sulphonylureas (Glibenclamide, Chlorpropamide) and Thiazolidinediones (Rosiglitazone) with 3.8 DDDs/1000 diabetic patients /day and 0.09 DDDs/1000 diabetic patients) /day respectively. Conclusion Metformin was the most utilized anti-diabetic drugs and the costs of anti-diabetic drugs were high in the southeastern Nigeria. Government should come up with appropriate policies such as free health care for diabetic patients, subsidies for anti-diabetic drugs and finally low import tariff for anti-diabetic drugs. All these measures will reduce the provocative high cost of anti-diabetic drugs in the zone.
Influence of the Magnetic Device on Water Quality and Production of Melon

The degradation of water quality in Tunisia is mainly due to the overexploitation of groundwater, pollution and especially mismanagement in the different areas. Magnetic treatment methods can be used in the field of agriculture to alleviate salinity problems of irrigation. It is clear that the magnetic device influences the characteristics of limestone. On the other hand, there is variation in the physico-chemical characteristics of water which improves productivity and crop performance. The performance of irrigation by magnetized water is greater than irrigation by raw water. In this context, we examine the existence of the beneficial effects of the magnetic treatment of irrigation water on its quality and on the yield of the melon culture. As a result, a permanent magnet apparatus (Magneteau) installed on the irrigation line was used. The application of a magnetic field showed an influence on the water parameters, decreasing its electrical conductivity (EC) by 5.2% and increasing its pH by 5.6%. In addition, the effect of this magnetic device showed an increase in melon cultivation of 39%. Statistical analysis showed that our experimental results are very significant.
I UPTAKE STUDIES IN ETHANOL ADMINISTERED RATS

Background and objective: Zinc is a powerful antioxidant and an essential trace element which plays important role in treating the adverse effects of alcohol intake. Therefore, present study was aimed at investigating the effect of zinc under such conditions in thyroid to see whether zinc has positive role to play under alcoholic conditions. Methods: To evaluate the role of zinc on thyroid under conditions of ethanol toxicity, 131 I uptake was studied after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of different treatments. Male Wistar rats were divided into four main groups viz. normal control, ethanol treated, zinc treated and zinc +ethanol treated group. 3 ml of 30% ethanol was given orally to ethanol and zinc+ethanol treated animals daily for different time intervals. Zinc was given in the form of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.7H2O) at a dose level of 227 mg/L mixed with drinking water of the animals. Results: Ethanol feeding resulted in an increase in 2 hour and 24 hour thyroidal 131 I uptake and decrease in biological and effective half lives of 131 I, while zinc supplementation tend to normalize the uptake as well as the biological half life of 131 I. Interpretation and Conclusion: Zinc supplementation, at a dose level of 227mg/L mixed in the drinking water of the animals, could restore the above mentioned parameters which were altered under ethanol intoxication. Therefore, it appears that zinc has somewhat protective potential in normalizing some of the damage caused in thyroid functions following ethanol administration.
Endovascular experience at an academic office-based procedure center

Objective The number of office-based procedure centers with the capability of performing a wide range of endovascular procedures has substantially increased over the past decade. This shift in practice settings has occurred faster in the private sector as compared to the academic environment. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of endovascular procedures performed at a dedicated academic outpatient procedural center. Methods We reviewed the clinical data of 400 patients who underwent 499 endovascular procedures in a university-based, academic outpatient procedure center between November 2013 and December 2016. Outcomes analyzed included procedure-related complications, limb loss, mortality, and emergency department visits or hospital admissions that occurred within 30 days following the procedure. Results The 400 patients had a mean age of 65 ± 13 years with slightly more females (51%; n = 203) as compared to males (49%; n = 197). Most patients (71%; 284) were Caucasian while 80 (20%) were African-Americans. Associated comorbidities included hypertension (86%), diabetes mellitus (51%), chronic kidney disease (42%), and obesity (mean body mass index of 29 ± 6). Based on anesthetic risk, most were ASA class 3 (81%), while ASA 1 and 2 comprised 17% and ASA 4 only 2%. Medicare beneficiaries accounted for 254 (64%) of our patients. Pre-operative studies included mainly duplex ultrasound (62%) and other noninvasive arterial studies (57%). The mean procedural time was 58 min (range, 7 to 200) with an overall technical success rate of 97%. There were no deaths. Complications developed in 10 patients following the 483 procedures (2.1%) being hospitalized with four of them transferred directly to the emergency room. The reasons for these hospitalizations included acute limb ischemia, arterial pseudoaneurysm, deep vein thrombosis, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and lower extremity pain not vascular in origin. Financial reimbursement at the office-based center was higher than that seen with hospital-based procedures. Conclusions Endovascular procedures performed in an academic office-based procedure center are safe and associated with good clinical outcomes. A small minority of patients have subsequent ER visits or hospital admissions. Academic institutions should consider adding an office-based procedure center based on today’s competitive healthcare market.
The Modulation of Fluorouracil With Leucovorin in Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma A Prospective Randomized Phase III Trial

The authorship of the report "The Modulation of Fluorouracil With Leucovorin in Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Randomized Phase III Trial," published in the October 1989 issue (J Clin Oncol 7:1419–1426, 1989) should have read: "by the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. " The following appendix should also have appeared at the end of the report:
Adverse Cardiovascular Events by Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medications widely used to relieve pain and to reduce inflammation. Like any medication, NSAIDs have potentially adverse effects that must be considered with their benefits. Objective: To overview the cardiovascular adverse events that are associated with using NSAIDs in patients with and without history of cardiovascular diseases, and to identify the patients that are in the highest risk for cardiovascular complications. Methods: Reviewing the recent literature and studying the related topics; data abstraction and connecting the findings and summarize them. Results: There is increase in the risk of cardiovascular events associated with the use of NSAIDs. Nonselective and selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) NSAIDs are associated with an increased risk of atherothrombotic events. Celecoxib and rofecoxi are selective COX-2 inhibitors that are responsible for a significant risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events. Some NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, indomethacin, and naproxen increase the mean arterial pressure in hypertensive patients. The risk of heart failure is doubled by all NSAIDs, and the current users have a higher risk of heart failure than chronic users. Additionally, NSAIDs may induce atrial fibrillation, and the risk is doubled in patients with heart failure. Conclusion: NSAIDs can cause a lot of cardiovascular adverse events, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and can even lead to death. Therefore, NSAIDs should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration of therapy, especially in the elderly and patients at high risk for an adverse event.
Resveratrol Nanoemulsion: A Promising Protector Against Ethinylestradiol-Induced Hepatic Cholestasis in Female Rats

Ethinylestradiol (EE) induced cholestasis was reported in female rats-model. The present article aimed to investigate anticholestatic activity of Resveratrol Nanoemulsion (RENE) against EE-induced cholestasis in adult female rats. The mean particle size of RENE was 49.5 ± 0.05 nm and zeta potential of +15.75 with the observed shapes of nanoparticle was spherical. Also, the median lethal dose (LD50) of RENE in rats was 795 mg/kg body weight. Administration of 1/20 LD50 RENE (39.75 mg/kg.b.w.) to EE–treated rats normalize serum cholesterol level as well as against an increase of serum TBA, bilirubin concentration. The treatment also resulted in a significant increase in hepatic SOD and GPx. RENE inhibited serum ALP, ALT and γ-GT activities, as well as reduced serum TNF-α, NO, MMP-2 MMP-9 and hepatic MDA as compared to EE-treated rats. The results clearly suggest that RENE has a powerful prophylactic action in cholestasis induced by EE.
Identification of Thymol as an Antitubercular Agent from Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Essential Oil

Ocimum gratissimum consumed as a vegetable is used to treat cough, tuberculosis and dysentery in Nigeria. Hydro-distillation of the fresh leaves of O. gratissimum yielded a golden yellow essential oil 0.5% v/w which exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 48 μg/ml against Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain. Activity-guided fractionation of the oil into neutral and acidic portions followed by column chromatography led to the isolation of a crystalline compound with MIC Original Research Article Okhale et al.; ACSj, 9(2): 1-6, 2015; Article no.ACSj. 19141 2 of 9.8 μg/ml while the control drug isoniazid had MIC of 0.07 μg/ml. GC-MS and H NMR analyses revealed the bioactive crystalline compound to be thymol.
Association of rs738409 Polymorphism in the PNPLA3 Gene with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and has an estimated incidence of 20%–30% in the general population and 67%–75% in the obese population. Genetic predisposition can play an important role in development of this disease. Nonsynonymous coding SNP rs738409 C/G (I148Met) in the PNPLA3 gene has been found to be associated with the presence of NAFLD in a genome-wide association study. This association has been replicated in several cohorts of different ethnicity, but to date the assessment of this association has not been performed in the Central Asia populations. The purpose of our research was to inves tigate the association between polymorphic variants of the PNPLA3 (rs738409 C>G) polymorphism and susceptibility to NAFLD in patients of Uzbek nationality. In this case-control study, we recruited 73 NAFLD patients and 37 controls, matched according to age, gender and ethnicity. Genomic DNA was isolated and SNP genotyping was performed by using a polymerase chain reaction with specific primers followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Our result showed significant association between the GG genotype and NAFLD (P=0.03, OR = 2.99; 95% CI: 1.21–7.42 for the additive model, Cochran-Armitage trend test; P=0.02, OR = 2.99; 95% CI: 1.21–7.42 for the recessive model). These findings supported the idea that the PNPLA3 (rs738409 C>G) polymorphism contributes to the susceptibility to NAFLD. Our data suggest the reasonability of including a PNPLA3 rs738409 SNP test to identify high risk groups for NAFLD in Uzbekistan.