Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic behaviour and treatment performance of the hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor

In this study, the hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) is designed with four compartments to study the hydrodynamic behaviour and the treatment performance by varying the hydraulic retention time. Residence time distribution analysis investigates the flow pattern and the amount of dead space in HABR by varying the hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h. The results obtained from the hydraulic study showed that the flow pattern in HABR fell between a continuous stirred tank reactor and plug-flow for all the runs. It has been observed that the dead-space value in HABR is below 15%, which is comparatively lower than other high- rate reactor designs. The start-up period of HABR is found to be 55 d with maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 87% at an organic loading rate of 0.7 kg COD/m 3 /d and 24 h HRT. The COD removal rate of the HABR increases by increasing the HRT (4–12 h) as the flow tends to be more intermediate between the plug-flow and continuously stirred tank reactor. The overall COD removal efficiency of HABR is between 73% and 91%, biochemical oxygen demand is between 80% and 88%, and total suspended solid is 88%–93%.
On the origin of non-self-gravitating filaments in the ISM

Context. Filaments are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium, as recently emphasized by Herschel, yet their physical origin remains elusiveAims. It is therefore important to understand the physics of molecular clouds to investigate how filaments form and which role play various processes, such as turbulence and magnetic field.Methods. We used ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to study the formation of clumps in various conditions, including different magnetization and Mach numbers as well as two completely different setups. We then performed several analyses to compute the shape of the clumps and their link to velocities and forces using various approaches.Results. We found that on average, clumps in MHD simulations are more filamentary than clumps in hydrodynamical simulations. Detailed analyses reveal that the filaments are in general preferentially aligned with the strain, which means that these structures simply result from the stretch induced by turbulence. Moreover, filaments tend to be confined by the Lorentz force, which therefore leads them to survive longer in magnetized flows. We show that in all simulations they have a typical thickness equal to a few grid cells, suggesting that they are primarily associated to the energy dissipation within the flow. We estimate the order of magnitude of the dissipation length associated to the ion-neutral friction and conclude that in well UV shielded regions it is about 0.1 pc and therefore could possibly set the typical size of non-self-gravitating filaments.Conclusions. Filaments are ubiquitous because they are the results of the very generic turbulent strain and because the magnetic field helps to keep them coherent. We suggest that energy dissipation is playing a determining role in their formation.
Integration of Object-Based Image Analysis and Convolutional Neural Network for the Classification of High-Resolution Satellite Image: A Comparative Assessment

During the past decade, deep learning-based classification methods (e.g., convolutional neural networks—CNN) have demonstrated great success in a variety of vision tasks, including satellite image classification. Deep learning methods, on the other hand, do not preserve the precise edges of the targets of interest and do not extract geometric features such as shape and area. Previous research has attempted to address such issues by combining deep learning with methods such as object-based image analysis (OBIA). Nonetheless, the question of how to integrate those methods into a single framework in such a way that the benefits of each method complement each other remains. To that end, this study compared four integration frameworks in terms of accuracy, namely OBIA artificial neural network (OBIA ANN), feature fusion, decision fusion, and patch filtering, according to the results. Patch filtering achieved 0.917 OA, whereas decision fusion and feature fusion achieved 0.862 OA and 0.860 OA, respectively. The integration of CNN and OBIA can improve classification accuracy; however, the integration framework plays a significant role in this. Future research should focus on optimizing the existing CNN and OBIA frameworks in terms of architecture, as well as investigate how CNN models should use OBIA outputs for feature extraction and classification of remotely sensed images.
Limits on Protoplanet Growth by Accretion of Small Solids

This paper identifies constraints on the growth of a small planetary core (0.3 M⊕) that accretes millimeter-sized pebbles from a gaseous disk. We construct time-dependent spherical envelope models that capture physical processes that are not included in existing global hydrodynamic simulations, including particle size evolution, dust transport, and realistic gas equations of state. We assume a low enough disk density that pebbles are marginally coupled to the gas and are trapped efficiently near the core Bondi radius. Pebbles then drift rapidly enough to experience erosion by sandblasting, mutual collisions, and sublimation of water ice. We find that pebble fragmentation is more efficient than dust resticking. Therefore the high pebble accretion rate needed to build a core of mass >M⊕ leads to a high envelope metallicity and grain opacity. Above yr−1, and without other luminosity sources, convective motions expand near the Bondi radius. The warm, dusty, and turbulent envelope buffers the inward drift of pebble debris: given a turbulent concentration factor fturb ≳ 1 near the lower convective boundary, the core growth rate is limited to 1 × 10−7 fturb M⊕ yr−1 and the e-folding time 3/fturb Myr. The remainder of the solid debris is expelled as highly processed silicates. Pebble ice never reaches the core, and the envelope contains comparable amounts of H2/He and metals. We interpret our results using simpler steady models and semianalytical estimates. Future global simulations incorporating the processes modeled here are needed to understand the influence of rotation and vertical disk structure.
Toxoplasmocidal and Cytotoxic Activities Guided Isolation and Characterization of an Undescribed Bioflavonoid-di-C-glucoside from Cycas rumphii Miq. Cultivated in Egypt

Toxoplasmosis and cancer are serious worldwide diseases, and the available drugs cause serious side effects. Investigation for new alternative therapies from natural sources is now an increasing concern. Herein, we carried out, for the first time, an in vitro screening of Cycas rumphii Miq. leaves for toxoplasmocidal effect, using Viruluent RH Toxoplasma gondii, and cytotoxic activity against HEPG-2, HCT-116 and HELA cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Among the tested extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction was the most effective against T. gondii, with an EC50 of 3.51 ± 0.2 µg/mL compared to cotrimoxazole (4.18 ± 0.01 µg/mL) and was the most potent against the tested cell lines, especially HEPG-2, with an IC50 of 6.98 ± 0.5 µg/mL compared to doxorubicin (4.50 ± 0.2 µg/mL). Seven compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction by extensive chromatographic techniques and fully elucidated using different spectroscopies. Compound (7) is an undescribed 4′, 4′′′ biapigenin di-C-glucoside, which showed a strong cytotoxic activity. Four known biflavonoids (1, 2, 4 and 5) in addition to a phenolic acid ester (3) and a flavonoid glycoside (6) were also isolated. Compounds (1, 3 and 6) were reported for the first time from C. rumphii.
Consumers’ Attitude and Preference toward Fresh Tomatoes in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Increasing tomatoes consumption which is driven by needs and desires, changes consumers’ tastes and preferences. This study aimed to determine consumers’ attitudes and preferences towards tomato’s attributes. A convenience sampling which consisted of 150 respondents in the Special Region of Yogyakarta was selected for this research. Fishbein’s Multi-attribute was used to analyze consumers’ attitude, and a conjoint analysis was employed to identify consumers’ preferences. According to the findings of this study, consumers have a favorable attitude toward tomato attributes such as freshness, color, firm texture, surface appearance, and taste. Meanwhile, the findings of the conjoint analysis revealed that the color of the tomatoes was the most favored characteristic. The most preferred combination of tomato characteristics was red color, highly fresh, firm texture, spot-free surface look, and sweetness.
LINGUISTIC VARIATION IN ECONOMIC RESEARCH ARTICLE ABSTRACTS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN: A SYSTEMIC-FUNCTIONAL ACCOUNT

Considerable work on contrastive text analysis of abstracts has been conducted between English and other languages to explore the uniqueness between them. However, as far as methodology and language pair are concerned, there remains a paucity of research between English and Indonesian abstracts, and, in particular, in the usage of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) for the purposes of translation. Using annotated and manually collated comparable corpora of abstracts collected from English and Indonesian academic articles (Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies-ANU and DINAMIKA-UNES), this study aims to contrast textual profiles of English and Indonesian abstracts in the field of economics. Based on the results of the analysis on the three metafunction in language at the stratum of lexico- grammar, this study suggests that marked differences between the comparable corpora of English and Indonesian abstracts are in the experiential and textual meanings. The implication of this study is that abstract translators from Indonesian into English need to pay a closer attention to the two metafunction in order to attempt an acceptable English translation.
Effect of Copper on the Function of Isolated Porcine Kidneys Stored Using Simple Hypothermia

Renal ischemia in the peri-transplant period causes a number of changes that adversely affect the initiation of normal vital functions in grafts after transplantation. To minimise the extent of ischemic damage, organs are stored in preservation fluid. The components of the fluid are supposed to ensure stabilisation of the cell cytoskeleton, protect against oxygen free radicals, reduce cell swelling, and ensure endothelial cell integrity. The aim of this study was to analyse the protective effect of Cu2+, as a component of Biolasol preservative fluid, in the prevention of nephron damage occurring during the graft storage period. Analyses of the effectiveness of copper in the presence of prolactin added to Biolasol fluid were also carried out. Forty isolated pig slaughter kidneys were used in the study, avoiding the use of laboratory animals. The kidneys were stored using simple hypothermia. After 2 h and 48 h of graft storage, selected biochemical indicators of renal function were determined in the collected perfusates. The addition of Cu2+ at a dose of 1 µg/L to the composition of Biolasol fluid was found to affect the generation of ischemic damage in the isolated pig kidney. The intensity of the occurrence of these processes is exacerbated by the presence of prolactin at a dose of 0.1 µg/L.
Rare-Earth Chalcogenides: A Large Family of Triangular Lattice Spin Liquid Candidates

Frustrated quantum magnets are expected to host many exotic quantum spin states like quantum spin liquid (QSL), and have attracted numerous interest in modern condensed matter physics. The discovery of the triangular lattice spin liquid candidate YbMgGaO 4 stimulated an increasing attention on the rare-earth-based frustrated magnets with strong spin-orbit coupling. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a large family of rare-earth chalcogenides AReCh 2 (A = alkali or monovalent ions, Re = rare earth, Ch = O, S, Se). The family compounds share the same structure (Rm) as YbMgGaO 4 , and antiferromagnetically coupled rare-earth ions form perfect triangular layers that are well separated along the c-axis. Specific heat and magnetic susceptibility measurements on NaYbO 2 , NaYbS 2 and NaYbSe 2 single crystals and polycrystals, reveal no structural or magnetic transition down to 50 mK. The family, having the simplest structure and chemical formula among the known QSL candidates, removes the issue on possible exchange disorders in YbMgGaO 4 . More excitingly, the rich diversity of the family members allows tunable charge gaps, variable exchange coupling, and many other advantages. This makes the family an ideal platform for fundamental research of QSLs and its promising applications.
Carcinosarcoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: Review of the national cancer database

Abstract Background Carcinosarcomas are rare, aggressive malignancies that can arise in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. There are limited outcome data available. Accordingly, we sought to use the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to characterize patient demographics and outcomes. Method A retrospective analysis of the NCDB from 2004 to 2016 for patients with sinonasal carcinosarcoma was conducted. Results Thirty patients were included. The patients were predominantly male (n = 20), white (n = 23), and privately insured (n = 15), with an average age of 62.4 years. The nasal cavity was the most common subsite (n = 14), followed by the maxillary sinus (n = 8). Most patient were treated with surgery followed by radiation (n = 23), with the remaining undergoing surgery alone (n = 4), radiation alone (n = 2), or no treatment (n = 1). One‐third (n = 10) received adjuvant chemotherapy. The 1‐ and 5‐year overall survival (OS) in the cohort were 79.2% and 43.3%, respectively. Univariate log‐rank testing showed OS varied based on intervention (P < 0.029), sex (P < 0.042), and age (P < 0.025), while on multivariate analysis none of these factors independently predicted OS. Conclusions We describe the demographics and presenting features of a national cohort of sinonasal carcinosarcoma patients. Future research is needed to identify predictors of overall survival, and to assess the optimal roles for radiation and systemic chemotherapy.
Noncongruence subgroups of the Hecke groups G ().

In [3], a topological argument was used to show that for each integer gi§:0, the modular group G(l) = PSL(2, 1) has infinitely many noncongruence subgroups of genus g; in [1], finite permutation representations were used to construct infinitely many noncongruence subgroups of genus 0 or l in each of the groups G(\/d), d e W. The aim of this note is to combine these two approaches to prove the following:
Rational Homotopy Type: A Constructive Study Via the Theory of the I*-Measure

Fundamental concepts. Measure and calculability. - Dga and minimal model. - The de rham-sullivan theorem and I*-measure. - I*-measure and homotopy. - I*-measure of a homogeneous space - The cartan theorem. - Effective computation and axiomatic system of I*-measure. - I*-measures connected with fibrations.
Convexity on Nash Equilibria without Linear Structure

To give sucient conditions for Nash Equilibrium existence in a continuous game is a central problem in Game Theory. In this paper, we present two games in which we show how the continuity and quasi-concavity hypotheses are unconnected one to each other. Then, we relax the quasiconcavity assumption by exploiting the multiconnected convexity's concept (Mechaiekh & Others, 1998) in spaces without any linear structure. These results will be applied to two non-zero-sum games lacking the classical assumptions and more recent improvements (Ziad, 1997), (Abalo & Kostreva, 2004). As a minor result, some counterexamples about relationship between some continuity conditions due to Lignola (1997), Reny (1999) and Simon (1995) for Nash equilibria existence are obtained.
Effect of Environment Size on Spatial Perception in Virtual Reality

: A trend of distance underestimations in VR is well documented, but the reason still remains unclear. There-fore, this paper investigates the effect of differently sized Virtual Environments (VEs) on egocentric distance perception in Virtual Reality (VR) as a potential influence. Verbal assessment, blind walking, and our own proposed method: walk and assess, were compared in an experiment, and blind walking was found to be the most accurate. A virtual replica of a real-life location was created as a transitional environment, while a small (15m 2 ), a medium (35m 2 ) and a large (95m 2 ) rooms were created to investigate the effect of VE size on spatial perception in VR. To establish the differences in estimations between the Real World (RW) and VR when using blind walking, a study was conducted with the virtual replica and its real life counterpart at distances between 1 and 10 meters. Following this, the three distinct room sizes were used in an experiment to investigate the effect of the size of rooms on spatial perception VR. The findings showed consistent underestimates of distances, and a trend for underestimation to grow as the distance grows was observed. Similarly, underestimates grew with the size of the environment.
AN IMPROVED MULTIVARIATE LOSS FUNCTION APPROACH TO OPTIMIZATION

The basic purpose of a quality loss function is to evaluate a loss to customers in a quantitative manner. Although there are several multivariate loss functions that have been proposed and studied in the literature, it has room for improvement. A good multivariate loss function should represent an appropriate compromise in terms of both process economics and the correlation structure among various responses. More important, it should be easily understood and implemented in practice. According to this criterion, we first introduce a pragmatic dimensionless multivariate loss function proposed by Artiles-Leon, then we improve the multivariate loss function in two respects: one is making it suitable for all three types of quality characteristics; the other is considering correlation structure among the various responses, which makes the improved multivariate loss function more adequate in the real world. On the bases of these, an example from industrial practice is provided to compare our improved method with other methods, and last, some reviews are presented in conclusion.
USE OF URBAN AIR MOBILITY TECHNOLOGY IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM AND RECREATION

UAM technologies, also known as the flying car, which is shown as the future of aviation, are planned to be used in the field of recreation and tourism in the near future. Therefore, in this study, the attitudes of leisure participants towards the acceptance and use of urban air mobility (UAM) technologies in the field of tourism and recreation were examined in terms of socio-demographic variables. 270 leisure participants participated in the research. Data were collected with the Urban Air Mobility Acceptance and Use Model Scale. As a result, a statistically significant difference was found between the variables of gender, age and education level and the sub-dimensions of the UAM scale. There was no statistically significant difference between the monthly total income, flight purpose and flight frequency variables and the sub-dimensions of the UAM scale. In addition, the study is one of the few examples in the literature.
Combinatorics, observables, and String Theory: part II

We investigate the string configuration that, in the framework of the theoretical scenario introduced in [1], corresponds to the most entropic configuration in the phase space of all the configurations of the universe. This describes a universe with four space-time dimensions, and the physical content is phenomenologically compatible with the experimental observations and measurements. Everything is determined in terms of the age of the universe, with no room for freely-adjustable parameters. We discuss how one obtains the known spectrum of particles and interactions, with massive neutrinos, no Higgs boson, and supersymmetry broken at the Planck scale. Besides the computation of masses and couplings, CKM matrix elements, cosmological constant, expansion parameters of the universe etc., all resulting, within the degree of the approximation we used, in agreement with the experimental observations, we also discuss how this scenario passes the tests provided by cosmology and the constraints imposed by the physics of the primordial universe.
Assessment of apical pressures at different automated irrigant flow rates: an ex vivo study based on computational fluid dynamic analysis

Objective: The current study aimed at assessing the induced apical pressure at various simulated irrigant flow rates. Materials and Methods: Forty eight freshly extracted single-rooted premolars were decoronated and prepared to size 30 0.04 taper using HY-Flex CM rotary file system and were scanned using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The scanned images were reconstructed to three-dimensional Computer-aided design models (CAD) and the 3D needle was also reconstructed. Finally, simulations were done by placing the 30 gauge open-ended needle 3 mm short of the working length. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among the different groups compared. 1 ml/min flow rate induced the least apical pressures (p<0.05) as compared to the other types. Conclusion: 1 ml/min flow rates induced the least apical pressures when open-ended needles are used for irrigation.
Computational Metabolomics Tools Reveal Subarmigerides, Unprecedented Linear Peptides from the Marine Sponge Holobiont Callyspongia subarmigera

A detailed examination of a unique molecular family, restricted to the Callyspongia genus, in a molecular network obtained from an in-house Haplosclerida marine sponge collection (including Haliclona, Callyspongia, Xestospongia, and Petrosia species) led to the discovery of subarmigerides, a series of rare linear peptides from Callyspongia subarmigera, a genus mainly known for polyacetylenes and lipids. The structure of the sole isolated peptide, subarmigeride A (1) was elucidated through extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HRMS/MS, and Marfey’s method to assign its absolute configuration. The putative structures of seven additional linear peptides were proposed by an analysis of their respective MS/MS spectra and a comparison of their fragmentation patterns with the heptapeptide 1. Surprisingly, several structurally related analogues of subarmigeride A (1) occurred in one distinct cluster from the molecular network of the cyanobacteria strains of the Guadeloupe mangroves, suggesting that the true producer of this peptide family might be the microbial sponge-associated community, i.e., the sponge-associated cyanobacteria.
SINFONI in the Galactic Center: young stars and IR flares in the central light month

We report 75 milli-arcsec resolution, near-IR imaging spectroscopy within the central 30 light days of the Galactic Center, taken with the new adaptive optics assisted, integral field spectrometer SINFONI on the ESO-VLT. To a limiting magnitude of K~16, 9 of 10 1 based on observations obtained at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory, Chile