Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Channel Estimation for Orthogonal STBC MC-CDMA Systems over Realistic MIMO Channels

This paper investigates a downlink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system with pilot aided channel estimation (PACE) and iterative channel estimation (ICE) in the receiver. Due to the superposition of different users’ spread data signals, zero-valued chips can occur after spreading, which can cause noise enhancement when using data estimates as reference signals in ICE. Hence, we propose a MIMO channel estimation method to overcome the above problem and avoid noise enhancement in ICE. Simulations results for PACE and ICE were computed for a realistic outdoor MIMO channel model. The results show that frame error rates of ICE are smaller than the ones of PACE.
OWL 2 Web Ontology Language: Profiles

OWL 2 extends the W3C OWL Web Ontology Language with a small but useful set of features that have been requested by users, for which effective reasoning algorithms are now available, and that OWL tool developers are willing to support. The new features include extra syntactic sugar, additional property and qualified cardinality constructors, extended datatype support, simple metamodeling, and
Agricultural Impacts of the Great East Japan Earthquake – Six Years Later

On March 11, 2011 the strongest ever recorded in Japan earthquake occurred, also known as the Great East Japan Earthquake, which triggered a powerful tsunami and caused a nuclear accident in one of the world biggest nuclear power stations - Fukushima Daichi. More than six years after the triple disaster the overall impacts on Japanese agri-food chains is far from being completely due to the scale of the disasters and the number of affected agents, the effects’ multiplicities, spillovers, and long time horizon, the constant evolution of the nuclear crisis, the lack of “full” information and models of analysis, etc. This paper presents updates on the impacts of the March 2011 earthquake, tsunami and Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan on country’s agriculture and food sector. First, disaster events and their effects is outlined. Second, impact on farms and agricultural resources is estimated. Third, impact on food industries is assessed. Next, extend of radioactive contamination of agri-food products is presented and effects on markets, consumers and international trade evaluated. Chapter summarises responses of different agents, assesses progress and challenges in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, and withdraw lessons from the Japanese experiences.
A theory of concepts and their combinations I: The structure of the sets of contexts and properties

We propose a theory for modeling concepts that uses the state-context-property theory (SCOP), a generalization of the quantum formalism, whose basic notions are states, contexts and properties. This theory enables us to incorporate context into the mathematical structure used to describe a concept, and thereby model how context influences the typicality of a single exemplar and the applicability of a single property of a concept. We introduce the notion ‘state of a concept’ to account for this contextual influence, and show that the structure of the set of contexts and of the set of properties of a concept is a complete orthocomplemented lattice. The structural study in this article is a preparation for a numerical mathematical theory of concepts that allows the description of the combination of concepts [21].
Characteristics of Water‐Heat Exchanges and Inconsistent Surface Temperature Changes at an Elevational Permafrost Site on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau

Increase of surface temperatures has long been recognized as an unequivocal response to radiative forcing and one of the most important implications for global warming. However, it remains unclear whether the variation of ground surface temperature (GST) and soil temperatures is consistent with simultaneous changes of the near‐surface air and land (or skin) surface temperatures (Ta and LST). In this study, a seven‐year continuous observation of GST, Ta, and surface water and heat exchange was carried out at an elevational permafrost site at Chalaping, northeastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Results showed a distinct retarding of warming on the ground surface and subsurface under the presence of dense vegetation and moist peat substrates. Mean annual Ta and LST increased at noteworthy rates of 0.22 and 0.32 °C/a, respectively, while mean annual GST increased only at a rate of 0.057 °C/a. No obvious trends were detected for the four radiation budgets except the soil heat flux (G), which significantly increased at a rate of 0.29 W · m−2 · a−1, presumably inducing the melting of ground ice and resulted in much higher moisture content through the summers of 2015 and 2016 than preceding years and subsequent 2017 at the depths between 80 and 120 cm. However, no noticeable immediate variations of soil temperatures occurred owing to the large latent heat effect (thermal inertia) and the extending zero‐curtain period. We suggest that a better protected eco‐environment, particularly the surface vegetation, helps preserving the underlying permafrost, and thus to mitigates the potential degradation of elevational permafrost on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau.
REVISTA DE CONTABILIDAD SPANISH ACCOUNTING REVIEW

Previous investigations have shown that when earnings meet analysts forecasts, the market reacts positively, and when these forecasts are not reached, the market reacts negatively. For this reason, forecasts become goals to beat, and as the literature has revealed, this creates an incentive for earnings management. The present paper extends prior research, providing evidence that the magnitude of the reward (penalty) for companies meeting (failing to meet) earnings forecasts differs depending on the market. In addition, it reveals that the strength of the incentive for companies to manage their earnings differs depending on the market in which they are listed. We compare six stock markets and find that the most powerful incentives arise when the reward for meeting the forecasts or the penalty for not doing so is greater. ©2021 ASEPUC. Published by EDITUM Universidad de Murcia. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Códigos JEL: M40 M41 G17 Palabras clave: Manipulación del resultado Pronósticos de los analistas Mercados bursátiles Incentivos a manipular Comparación internacional Una comparación internacional del incentivo para manipular el resultado con el objetivo de alcanzar los pronósticos de los analistas
IT Infusion and its Performance Impacts: An Empirical Analysis of eProcurement in the Service Industry

This paper examines the infusion of e-procurement applications along two dimensions of usage – intensity and organizational acceptance – and tests the relationship between use and procurement performance. Drawing upon the resource-based view of the firm, this paper tests the relationship between select organizational resources and e-procurement infusion in the context of procurement of indirect materials and services. The research model is estimated with survey data obtained on 193 organizations from the service sector. Data are analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results suggest that while organizational integration and business knowledge of IT managers are significantly related to only organizational acceptance of e-procurement, procurement process readiness and organizational slack resources are related to both the dimensions of e-procurement infusion. Our results also show that both dimensions of e-procurement infusion are positively related to procurement performance while their interaction effect on performance is negative. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
Feature selection using tabu search for improving the classification rate prostate needle biopsies

The introduction of multispectral imaging in pathology problems such as the identification of prostatic cancer is recent. Unlike conventional RGB color space, it allows the acquisition of large number of spectral bands within the visible spectrum. This results in a feature vector of size greater than 100. For such high dimensionality problems, pattern recognition techniques suffer from the well-known curse-of-dimensionality problem. The two well known techniques to solve this problem are feature extraction and feature selection. A feature selection technique using tabu search with an intermediate-term memory is proposed. The cost of a feature subset is measured by leave-one-out correct-classification rate of a nearest-neighbor (1-NN) classifier. Experiments have been carried out on textured multispectral images taken at 16 spectral channels and the results have been compared with a reported classical feature extraction technique.
Oceanic Uptake of Oxygen During Deep Convection Events Through Diffusive and Bubble‐Mediated Gas Exchange

The concentration of dissolved oxygen (O2) plays fundamental roles in diverse chemical and biological processes throughout the oceans. The balance between the physical supply and the biological consumption controls the O2 level of the interior ocean, and the O2 supply to the deep waters can only occur through deep convection in the polar oceans. We develop a theoretical framework describing the oceanic O2 uptake during open‐ocean deep convection events and test it against a suite of numerical sensitivity experiments. Our framework allows for two predictions, confirmed by the numerical simulations. First, both the duration and the intensity of the wintertime cooling contribute to the total O2 uptake for a given buoyancy loss. Stronger cooling leads to deeper convection and the oxygenation can reach down to deeper depths. Longer duration of the cooling period increases the total amount of O2 uptake over the convective season. Second, the bubble‐mediated influx of O2 tends to weaken the diffusive influx by shifting the air‐sea disequilibrium of O2 toward supersaturation. The degree of compensation between the diffusive and bubble‐mediated gas exchange depends on the dimensionless number measuring the relative strength of oceanic vertical mixing and the gas transfer velocity. Strong convective mixing, which may occur under strong cooling, reduces the degree of compensation so that the two components of gas exchange together drive exceptionally strong oceanic O2 uptake.
AIS Electronic Library (AISeL)

IS research often focuses on the contributions of information systems to organizational productivity. The task-technology fit theory proposes a positive contribution to performance when there is a good fit between the technology and the task. The fit appropriation model further proposes that the relationship between fit and performance is moderated by the user’s appropriation of the technology. This research extends these theories by investigating the role of adaptation in the fit between task and technology. Prior research has modeled adaptation as a single construct encompassing task, technology and the individual, which does not allow for an understanding of the relationship among these items. We propose that adaptation should be measured as two distinct constructs. We develop and validate a scale to measure task adaptation and technology adaption and find support for task adaption as a mediator of the effects of technology adaptation on performance.
COMBINING AUDIO AND SYMBOLIC DESCRIPTORS FOR MUSIC CLASSIFICATION FROM AUDIO

Recent research in music genre classification hints at a glass ceiling being reached using timbral audio features. To overcome this, the combination of multiple different feature sets bearing diverse characteristics is needed. We propose a new approach to extend the scope of the features: We transcribe audio data into a symbolic form using a transcription system, extract symbolic descriptors from that representation and combine them with audio features. With this method, we are able to surpass the glass ceiling and to further improve music genre classification. In this work, the methodology of the system presented in [3] is described and evaluated.
Sources, Sinks, and Subsidies: Terrestrial Carbon Storage in Mid‐latitude Fjords

Fjords are recognized as globally important sites for the burial and long‐term storage of carbon (C) within sediments. The proximity of fjords to the terrestrial environment in combination with their geomorphology and hydrography results in the fjordic sediments being subsidized with organic carbon (OC) from the terrestrial environment. It has been well documented that terrestrial OC (OCterr) is an important component of coastal sediments, yet our understanding of the quantity of OCterr stored in these sediments remains poorly constrained. Utilizing Bayesian isotopic sediment fingerprinting techniques to the surface sediments of Loch Sunart, we estimate that 42.0 ± 10.1% of the OC is terrestrial in origin. Through combining these outputs with sedimentary OC stock estimates, we have calculated that the surface sediments (0–15 cm) hold 0.1 megaton (Mt) OCterr and estimate that the postglacial sediment held within the fjord contains 3.96 Mt OCterr. When these totals are compared to the quantity of OC stored in the adjacent terrestrial environment, it is clear that the fjord's catchment stores a greater amount of OCterr in the form of vegetation and soil. Though when normalized for area the results suggest that the marine sediments are a more effective long‐term store of OCterr than the adjacent terrestrial environment. This striking result highlights the importance of the terrestrial environment as a source of OC to the coastal ocean and that the OCterr subsidy to the marine sediments is a significant mechanism for the long‐term storage of OC in coastal marine sediments.
Literature review of spatio-temporal database models

Recent efforts in spatial and temporal data models and database systems have attempted to achieve an appropriate kind of interaction between the two areas. This paper reviews the different types of spatio-temporal data models that have been proposed in the literature as well as new theories and concepts that have emerged. It provides an overview of previous achievements within the domain and critically evaluates the various approaches through the use of a case study and the construction of a comparison framework. This comparative review is followed by a comprehensive description of the new lines of research that emanate from the latest efforts inside the spatio-temporal research community.
Współczesne i prognozowane uwarunkowania demograficzno-migracyjne w rozwoju miejskiego systemu osadniczego Polski

The writer presents the demographic and migration conditions shaping the contemporary development of the national settlement system. Research indicates the formation of the hierarchy of towns and cities in terms of migration linkages. Demographic forecasts show quite clearly depopulation of cities, especially the medium-sized ones and support facilities. At this scale depopulation is strongly underestimated due to the unregistered exodus of Poles abroad in search of work and better living conditions. In this context, its presented estimates of population change, taking into account unregistered foreigner out-flow. At the end conclusions were conclusions for development planning and settlement policy.
Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation

Researchers and data analysts are sometimes faced with the problem of very small samples, where the number of variables approaches or exceeds the overall sample size; i.e. high dimensional data. In such cases, standard statistical models such as regression or analysis of variance cannot be used, either because the resulting parameter estimates exhibit very high variance and can therefore not be trusted, or because the statistical algorithm cannot converge on parameter estimates at all. There exist an alternative set of model estimation procedures, known collectively as regularization methods, which can be used in such circumstances, and which have been shown through simulation research to yield accurate parameter estimates. The purpose of this paper is to describe, for those unfamiliar with them, the most popular of these regularization methods, the lasso, and to demonstrate its use on an actual high dimensional dataset involving adults with autism, using the R software language. Results of analyses involving relating measures of executive functioning with a full scale intelligence test score are presented, and implications of using these models are discussed.
Audio-visual cues to personality

We report on an experiment in assigning personality to embodied agents reciting lines from modern poems. Three potential personality cues are investigated: gaze, speech and eyebrow movements. For each cue an introvert and an extro-vert variant is deﬁned. Little is known about the perceptual effects of combining personality cues. This is addressed by creating personality proﬁles, consisting of all possible combinations of the three cues of interest. The experimental results show that all three cues have a signiﬁcant effect on the perception of personality. Concerning combinations of cues we ﬁnd that including an extravert feature to an otherwise intro-vert agent does not imply that subjects perceive the agent as more extravert. Rather, we ﬁnd that an animated character with two arbitrary extravert cues is perceived as signiﬁcantly more ex-travert than a character with zero or one extravert cues, but signiﬁcantly less extravert than one with three extravert cues. Finally, the results show that the personality proﬁle does not inﬂuence the quality judgement of the animation.
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The geocentre inversion based on the global climate models and GPS site displacements

The geocentre is not static, reflecting the relative motion between CM and the ITRF origin. The degree-1 deformation of the earth surface involves the horizontal transport of the earth’s fluid envelope including mass transport of the non-tidal ocean, dynamics of atmosphere, and hydrological mass redistribution in the continents, which can be estimated through the global climate models and the global GNSS-based deformation monitoring. We use climate models of ECCO, NCEP and GLDAS to calculate the geocentre motion caused by the non-tidal ocean, atmosphere, and ground water, respectively. We calculate the ‘surface load moment’ using the displacement of 132 sites of IGS05, and then inverse geocentre by GPS. We find that the higher-degree terms would be induced in the degree-1 computing process and they will result in unmodelled errors. The number of GPS sites for inversion is not the more the better, while the even distribution is much more critical.
A detailed review on Prevailing Image Captioning Methods using Deep Learning Techniques

: The availability of a camera within the smartphone has amplified the use of multimedia to staggering levels. A vast number of images raises technological demand for automatic image understanding, leads to index, classify and search these images better. The big challenge lies in obtaining semantic information from images and translating that into the human language using the machine. The interaction of computer vision and natural language processing further increase the complexity of Image Captioning. Various approaches are available to solve and narrow down the semantic gap effectively. A study is carried out to identify the state-of-the-art techniques for image captioning. In this paper, existing deep learning methods discussed systematically. The quantitative evaluations of representative approaches to benchmark datasets also presented and discussed.
A Statistical Associative Account of Vocabulary Growth in Early Word Learning

There are an infinite number of possible word-to-world pairings. One way children could learn words at an early stage is by computing statistical regularities across different modalities—pairing spoken words with possible referents in the co-occurring extralinguistic environment, collecting a number of such pairs, and then figuring out the common elements. This paper provides computational evidence that such a statistical mechanism is possible for object name learning. Moreover, young children learn words much more effectively and efficiently at later stages. Could statistical learning account for this behavioral change? The current paper explores this question by presenting a developmental model of word learning that relies on a general associative mechanism and recruits previously learned words to guide subsequent word learning. This mechanism leads to increasingly fast learning and corresponding behavioral changes. Simulation studies are conducted using the data collected from a series of picture-book reading episodes wherein parents were asked to narrate books to their 20-month-old children. The results show that previously learned lexical knowledge can narrow the search space and therefore reduce the degree of ambiguity in word-to-world mappings. This results in the bootstrapping of lexical acquisition without changing the underlying statistical learning mechanism. Hence, this work suggests that using lexical knowledge accumulated in prior statistical learning could play an important role in vocabulary growth. To our knowledge, this is the first model that attempts to simulate the effects of cumulative knowledge on subsequent learning using realistic data collected from child-caregiver interactions.
Structural Inheritance and Rapid Rift‐Length Establishment in a Multiphase Rift: The East Greenland Rift System and its Caledonian Orogenic Ancestry

We investigate (i) margin‐scale structural inheritance in rifts and (ii) the time scales of rift propagation and rift length establishment, using the East Greenland rift system (EGR) as an example. To investigate the controls of the underlying Caledonian structural grain on the development of the EGR, we juxtapose new age constraints on rift faulting with existing geochronological and structural evidence. Results from K‐Ar illite fault dating and syn‐rift growth strata in hangingwall basins suggest initial faulting in Mississippian times and episodes of fault activity in Middle‐Late Pennsylvanian, Middle Permian, and Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous times. Several lines of evidence indicate a close relationship between low‐angle late‐to‐post‐Caledonian extensional shear zones (CESZs) and younger rift structure: (i) reorientation of rift fault strike to conform with CESZs, (ii) spatial coincidence of rift‐scale transfer zones with CESZs, and (iii) close temporal coincidence between the latest activity (late Devonian) on the preexisting network of CESZs and the earliest rift faulting (latest Devonian to earliest Carboniferous). Late‐ to post‐Caledonian extensional detachments therefore likely acted as a template for the establishment of the EGR. We also conclude that the EGR established its near‐full length rapidly, i.e., within 4–20% of rift life. The “constant‐length model” for normal fault growth may therefore be applicable at rift scale, but tip propagation, relay breaching, and linkage may dominate border fault systems during rapid lengthening.