Prevalencia de úlceras por presión en un hospital de tercer nivel, en México DF

espanolObjetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de ulceras por presion (UPP) en los pacientes hospitalizados, determinar la puntuacion de riesgo de UPP que presentan mediante la escala de Braden y describir las caracteristicas de los pacientes y las lesiones (origen, localizacion y categoria). Metodologia: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, que incluyo a 767 pacientes hospitalizados de una institucion de tercer nivel que atiende a poblacion sin derecho a la seguridad social. Todos los pacientes fueron valorados por un grupo de expertos en heridas. Para la identificacion del riesgo se empleo la escala de Braden y la escala Braden Q para los ninos menores de 5 anos; posteriormente, fueron explorados fisicamente y se identifico a los que presentaron UPP. Para el analisis se utilizaron frecuencias, porcentajes, medias y desviacion estandar. Para la correlacion V de Cramer se empleo SPSS version 22.0. Resultados: Se valoraron 691 pacientes con la escala Braden y 74 con la escala Braden Q. Un total de 89 pacientes presentaron UPP. La prevalencia general puntual fue del 11,60%; por etapa de la vida, la prevalencia fue del 10,1% en neonatos, 10,8% en pediatricos, 9,7% en adultos y 16,9% en ancianos. El 70% presento un riesgo alto en la escala de Braden y del 50% en la escala Braden Q. Se identificaron 167 UPP, de las cuales sus principales categorias fueron la categoria I y la II. Se localizaron en talones, sacro y gluteos. Conclusiones: Se encontro una prevalencia puntual por debajo de lo reportado a nivel nacional e intermedio a nivel internacional. EnglishObjectives: To identify the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PU) in hospitalized patients splitted by groups of age (neonates, pediatric, adults and elderly), and determine their level of risk according with the Braden Scale and provide a general background about the patients with PU's and their ulcers (origin, localization and category). Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. The population included 767 hospitalized patients in a tertiary-level hospital that treat patients not covered by the social security. All patients were assessed by a group of wound experts. The Braden Scale was used to identify PU risk in patients elder than 5 years of age and the Braden Q Scale for those aged less than 5 years. Patients were physically examined in order to identify those with PU's. Analysis of frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation were performed with SPSS 22.0. Results: A total of 691 patients were assessed with the Braden and 74 with the Braden Q. Of the 691 patients elder than five years, 89 presented PU. The overall presence was of 11,60%. The prevalence according with the age of the patients was 10,1% in neonates, 10,8% in pediatrics, 9,7% in adults and 16,9% in the elderly. According with the Braden Scale, 70% presented a high risk and according with the Braden Q 50% presented risk. 167 PU where identified, the main categories were I and II located mainly located on the heels, sacrum and gluteus region. Conclusions: Our prevalence figures were lower than the reported at a national level and a bit lower than at international level.