Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity and Evolution of Pigment Types in Marine Synechococcus Cyanobacteria

Abstract Synechococcus cyanobacteria are ubiquitous and abundant in the marine environment and contribute to an estimated 16% of the ocean net primary productivity. Their light-harvesting complexes, called phycobilisomes (PBS), are composed of a conserved allophycocyanin core, from which radiates six to eight rods with variable phycobiliprotein and chromophore content. This variability allows Synechococcus cells to optimally exploit the wide variety of spectral niches existing in marine ecosystems. Seven distinct pigment types or subtypes have been identified so far in this taxon based on the phycobiliprotein composition and/or the proportion of the different chromophores in PBS rods. Most genes involved in their biosynthesis and regulation are located in a dedicated genomic region called the PBS rod region. Here, we examine the variability of gene content and organization of this genomic region in a large set of sequenced isolates and natural populations of Synechococcus representative of all known pigment types. All regions start with a tRNA-PheGAA and some possess mobile elements for DNA integration and site-specific recombination, suggesting that their genomic variability relies in part on a “tycheposon”-like mechanism. Comparison of the phylogenies obtained for PBS and core genes revealed that the evolutionary history of PBS rod genes differs from the core genome and is characterized by the co-existence of different alleles and frequent allelic exchange. We propose a scenario for the evolution of the different pigment types and highlight the importance of incomplete lineage sorting in maintaining a wide diversity of pigment types in different Synechococcus lineages despite multiple speciation events.
Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Fecal Escherichia coli in Wildlife, Urban Wildlife, and Livestock in the Eastern Region of Sri Lanka, and Differences between Carnivores, Omnivores, and Herbivores

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health concern. We identified AMR in fecal Escherichia coli of wildlife (WL), urban wildlife (UWL), and livestock in the eastern region in Sri Lanka and compared the prevalence of AMR bacteria from carnivores, omnivores, and herbivores. Fecal samples were collected from 165 animals: WL (n=47), UWL (n=54), and livestock (n=64). Esherichia coli was cultured from 129 samples, with isolation rates of 76% from WL (36/47), 70% from UWL (45/54), and 75% from livestock (48/64). Testing E. coli isolates against 12 antimicrobials using the disk diffusion method revealed that the proportions of E. coli isolates resistant to at least one antimicrobial were WL 52.7%, UWL 20%, and livestock 52%. Multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates were detected in WL, UWL, and livestock. Overall, the prevalence of E. coli isolates with AMR was significantly lower in UWL compared with WL and livestock. The number of isolates showed AMR was significantly higher in E. coli from carnivores than in isolates from omnivores and in herbivores. We conclude that AMR E. coli in Sri Lanka is widespread in WL, UWL, and livestock. The higher incidence of AMR bacteria in carnivores compared with herbivores and omnivores suggest that the mechanisms of spread of AMR may vary among wild animals, which requires further investigation.
Increased child‐evoked activation in the precuneus during facial affect recognition in mothers

Successful parenting requires constant inferring of affective states. Especially vital is the correct identification of facial affect. Previous studies have shown that infant faces are processed preferentially compared to adult faces both on the behavioural and the neural level. This study specifically investigates the child‐evoked neural responses to affective faces and their modulation by motherhood and attention to affect. To do so, we used a paradigm to measure neural responses during both explicit and implicit facial affect recognition (FAR) in mothers and non‐mothers using child and adult faces. Increased activation to child compared to adult faces was found for mothers and non‐mothers in face processing areas (bilateral fusiform gyri) and areas associated with social understanding (bilateral insulae and medial superior frontal gyrus) when pooling implicit and explicit affect recognition. Furthermore, this child‐evoked activation was modulated by motherhood with an increase in mothers compared to non‐mothers in the left precuneus. Additionally, explicitly recognising the affect increased child‐evoked activation in the medial superior frontal gyrus in both mothers and non‐mothers. These results suggest preferential treatment of affective child over adult faces, modulated by motherhood and attention to affect.
Epidural analgesia in labor: A narrative review

Lumbar epidural is the most effective form of pain relief in labor with around 30% of laboring women in the UK and 60% in the USA receiving epidural analgesia. Associations of epidural on maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes have been the subject of intense study, though a number of uncertainties persist. The present narrative review explores important areas of research surrounding epidural analgesia in obstetric patients including methods of initiation and administration, choice of local anesthetic solution, and the addition of adjuvants. Key meta‐analyses exploring associations of epidural analgesia on maternal and neonatal outcomes are identified and summarized.
Index-Rotated Fast Ultrasound Imaging of Cortical Bone Based on Predicted Velocity Model

Due to the significant acoustic impedance contrast at cortical boundaries, highly inside attenuation, and the unknown sound velocity distribution, accurate ultrasound cortical bone imaging remains a challenge, especially for the traditional pulse-echo modalities using unique sound velocity. Moreover, the large amounts of data recorded by multielement probe results in a relatively time-consuming reconstruction process. To overcome these limitations, this article proposed an index-rotated fast ultrasound imaging method based on predicted velocity model (IR-FUI-VP) for cortical cross section ultrasound tomography (UST) imaging, utilizing ray-tracing synthetic aperture (RTSA). In virtue of ring probe, the sound velocity model was predicted in advance using bent-ray inversion (BRI). With the predicted velocity model, index-rotated fast ultrasound imaging (IR-FUI) was further applied to image the cortical cross sections in the sectors corresponding to the dynamic apertures (DAs) and ring center. The final result was merged by all sector images. One cortical bone phantom and two ex vivo bovine femurs were utilized to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. Compared to the conventional synthetic aperture (SA) imaging, the method can not only accurately image the outer cortical boundary but also precisely reconstruct the inner cortical surface. The mean relative errors of the predicted sound velocity in the region of interest (ROI) were all smaller than 7%, and the mean errors of cortical thickness are all less than 0.31 mm. The reconstructed images of bovine femurs were in good agreement with the reference images scanned by micro-computed tomography ( $\mu $ CT) with respect to the morphology and thickness. The speed of IR-FUI is about 3.73 times faster than the traditional SA. It is proved that the proposed IR-FUI-VP-based UST is an effective way for fast and accurate cortical bone imaging.
Interstitial lung damage following COVID-19 hospitalisation: an interim analysis of the UKILD Post-COVID study.

Introduction. Shared characteristics between COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis, including symptoms, genetic architecture, and circulating biomarkers, suggests interstitial lung disease (ILD) development may be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods. The UKILD Post-COVID study planned interim analysis was designed to stratify risk groups and estimate the prevalence of Post-COVID Interstitial Lung Damage (ILDam) using the Post-HOSPitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) Study. Demographics, radiological patterns and missing data were assessed descriptively. Bayes binomial regression was used to estimate the risk ratio of persistent lung damage >10% involvement in linked, clinically indicated CT scans. Indexing thresholds of percent predicted DLco, chest X-ray findings and severity of admission were used to generate risk strata. Number of cases within strata were used to estimate the amount of suspected Post-COVID ILDam. Results. A total 3702 people were included in the UKILD interim cohort, 2406 completed an early follow-up research visit within 240 days of discharge and 1296 had follow-up through routine clinical review. We linked the cohort to 87 clinically indicated CTs with visually scored radiological patterns (median 119 days; interquartile range 83 to 155, max 240), of which 74 people had ILDam. ILDam was associated with abnormal chest X-ray (RR 1.21 95%CrI 1.05; 1.40), percent predicted DLco<80% (RR 1.25 95%CrI 1.00; 1.56) and severe admission (RR 1.27 95%CrI 1.07; 1.55). A risk index based on these features suggested 6.9% of the interim cohort had moderate to very-high risk of Post-COVID ILDam. Comparable radiological patterns were observed in repeat scans >90 days in a subset of participants. Conclusion. These interim data highlight that ILDam was not uncommon in clinically indicated thoracic CT up to 8 months following SARS-CoV-2 hospitalisation. Whether the ILDam will progress to ILD is currently unknown, however health services should radiologically and physiologically monitor individuals who have Post-COVID ILDam risk factors.
Accumulation of dihydrosphingolipids and neutral lipids is related to steatosis and fibrosis damage in human and animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Background: Dihydrosphingolipids are lipid molecules biosynthetically related to ceramides. An increase in ceramides is associated with enhanced fat storage in the liver and inhibition of their synthesis is reported to prevent the appearance of steatosis in animal models. However, the precise association of dihydrosphingolipids with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is yet to be established. We employed a diet-induced NAFLD mouse model to study the association between this class of compounds and disease progression. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet enriched in cholesterol and supplemented with glucose and fructose up to 40 weeks. A mouse subgroup was treated with carbon tetrachloride to accelerate fibrosis development. Animals were sacrificed at different time-points to reproduce the full spectrum of histological damage found in human disease, including steatosis (NAFL) and steatohepatitis (NASH) with and without significant fibrosis. Blood and liver tissue samples were obtained from patients (n=194) whose NAFLD severity was assessed histologically. Lipidomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Triglyceride, cholesterol ester and dihydrosphingolipid levels were increased in the liver of model mice in association with the degree of steatosis. Dihydroceramide concentrations increased with the histological severity of the disease in liver samples of mice (0.024 {+/-} 0.003 vs 0.049 {+/-} 0.005, non-NAFLD vs NASH-fibrosis, p<0.0001) and patients (0.105 {+/-} 0.011 vs 0.165 {+/-} 0.021, p=0.0221). Several dihydroceramide and dihydrosphingomyelin species were increased in plasma of NAFLD patients and correlated with accumulation of liver triglycerides. Conclusions: Dihydrosphingolipids accumulate in the liver in response to increased free fatty acid overload and are correlated with progressive histological damage in NAFLD. The increase in dihydrosphingolipids is related to upregulation of hepatic expression of enzymes involved in de novo synthesis of ceramides. Notably, upon disease evolution to advanced stages of fibrosis, accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, but not dihydrosphingolipids, is decreased in the mouse model.
Preliminary Rasch analysis of the multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness in adults with stroke

Purpose The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) measures interoceptive body awareness, which includes aspects such as attention regulation, self-regulation, and body listening. Our purpose was to validate the MAIA in adults with stroke using Rasch Measurement Theory. Methods The original MAIA has 32 items grouped into eight separately scored subscales that measure aspects of body awareness. Using Rasch Measurement Theory, we evaluated the unidimensionality of the entire scale and investigated person and item fit, person separation reliability, targeting, local item dependence, and principal components analysis of residuals. Results Forty-one adults with chronic stroke (average 3.8 years post-stroke, 13 women, and average age, 57+/-13 years) participated in the study. Overall fit (X2=62.26, p=0.26) and item fit were obtained after deleting 3 items and rescoring 26 items. One participant did not fit the model (2.44%). There were no floor (0.00%) or ceiling effects (0.00%). Local item dependence was found in 42 pairs. The person separation reliability was 0.91, and the person mean location was 0.06+/-1.12 logits. Conclusions The MAIA demonstrated good targeting and reliability, as well as good item and person fit in adults with chronic stroke. A study with a larger sample size is needed to validate our findings.
Possible Role of P-selectin Adhesion in Long-COVID: A Comparative Analysis of a Long-COVID Case Versus an Asymptomatic Post-COVID Case

Background: Long-term outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are now recognized as an emerging public health challenge - a condition termed Long-COVID. The pathophysiology of Long-COVID remains to be established. Functional P-selectin activity, implicated in COVID-19 sequalae, was measured between two convalescent COVID-19 subjects, one with (Long-COVID subject) and another without Long-COVID symptoms. Methods: Flow adhesion of whole blood or isolated white blood cells to P-selectin (FA-WB-Psel and FA-WBC-Psel) was measured using a standardized microfluidics clinical assay; impedance aggregometry with a collagen agonist was measured using model 590 Chrono-Log impedance aggregometer; standard laboratory assays were performed to evaluate changes in blood chemistries. Results: For both subjects, hemoglobin, WBC, platelet counts, electrolytes and ferritin were within normal reference ranges, with FA-WB-Psel significantly elevated compared to healthy controls (p<0.01). In vitro treatment of whole blood samples with crizanlizumab (anti-p-selectin monoclonal antibody) within the clinical dose range (10 g/ml) mL) inhibited FA-WB-Psel only in samples from asymptomatic post-COVID subject, with the Long-COVID subject sample requiring close to 5-fold elevated dose to achieve a response. Pronounced inhibition of P-selectin adhesion of isolated leukocytes was observed for both subjects in autologous platelet-poor plasma and buffer. Impedance aggregometry showed greater baseline platelet aggregation to collagen in the Long-COVID sample, although both samples responded similarly to aspirin-induced platelet inhibition. Conclusions: Presented results suggest that elevated platelet activation in Long-COVID subject may be associated with increased P-Selectin activity. The results are discussed in terms of possible use on P-selectin inhibition therapies in treating Long-COVID.
Improved Gazing Transition Patterns for Predicting Turn-Taking in Multiparty Conversation

Turn-taking is an important attribute of conversation. Non-verbal behavior is very important for analyzing the turn-taking in multi-party conversation. In this study, we focused on the gaze behavior and improved the framework for predicting turn by analyzing the gaze transition patterns in a four-participant conversation. We define a set of gaze labels for the changes in the gaze of the speaker and the listener, and then encode them into different patterns. We also give an effective predictive model based on Naïve Bayes classifier for predicting turn shift. Experimental results show that our framework performs better than previous works.
Enhanced perception of carotid artery depth under nasal endoscope

Augmented reality (AR) is a constantly growing technology in computer science; it has also been widely used in the medical field. Generally, the required virtual models are superimposed on the natural environments to provide medical imaging data and other patient information. However, the depth perception could not be provided by the simple superposition of virtual and real contents. We propose a method which combines pseudo chromadepth (PCD), simulation of perspective projection (SPP), and gradient-based contour enhancement (GCE). The proposed method is adopted with clinical data; 16 participants are allowed to complete the depth perception judgment task and the subjective assessment questionnaire. Experimental results show that the accuracy of this method is close to 100% in depth perception tasks. Thus, it is better than direct volume rendering (DVR) method and other depth perception enhancement methods. Furthermore, the proposed method has the highest score in the Likert scale. These results indicate that through the combined effect of depth information and overall contour enhancement, the proposed method can effectively enhance the depth perception of the carotid artery under nasal endoscopic images.
Sport Fan Attitudes on Alcohol: Insights from a Survey of Football Supporters in Scotland and England

Availability of alcohol at football matches in the UK is much debated and subject to multiple restrictions, yet there is little understanding of supporters’ attitudes. A cross-sectional survey of football supporters in Scotland and England (n = 1750) was conducted April–June 2019. Most supporters viewed drinking at matches as acceptable (74.4%) and thought alcohol should be available at grounds (76.0%); around two-fifths thought most supporters consumed alcohol before matches (44.1%); but only a quarter (26.6%) thought disorder at matches was due to alcohol. Attitudes varied by supporter characteristics: supporters who were younger, in England, or more regular match-goers were more favourable towards alcohol consumption and availability at matches. We conclude that alcohol regulations in some nations and sports – where restrictions are based on historical disorder – may no longer be appropriate.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GARLIC AND LEEK AS ADDITIVES TO RABBIT RATION’S AND THEIR EFFECT ON PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of garlic and leek on rabbit productive and Reproductive performance. A total number of 63 growing Vline rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups which were fed diets containing 0.5, 1.0, 1.50% dried garlic and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5% dried leek (G4, G5, G6) and the control G7. The results showed that DM, OM, CP and NFE digestibility and DCP and TDN were improved by adding of dry leek. Dry garlic (G1, G2 and G3) groups had higher (P<0.05) values of serum total protein and globulin. Adding of garlic and leek caused an improvement in thyroidal hormones (T3, T4) and cholesterol levels in blood. Rabbit in G6 has the highest live body weight at 8-10 week while G5 was the highest at 11-13 week. Litter weight and size at birth, after 7 days, after 14 days and after 21 days was higher in G1. Mortality rate was lowest in G5 treatment group. Adding of garlic and leek improved all semen quality parameters and blood sex hormones. Dressing percentage was not differed between groups.
Speech, Language and Communication Differences before Autism Diagnosis: The Perspectives of Parents Ebeveynlerin Gözünden Otizmde Tanı Öncesi Dil, Konuşma ve İletişim Gelişimindeki Farklılıklar1

Purpose: Autism-specific behaviors begin with some preliminary symptoms and can be detected during the pre-verbal language stage or after diagnosis. Early diagnosis and early intervention can begin if caregivers or parents identify these precursors of behaviors during the pre-diagnostic period, and the person with autism can receive effective and timely training. The goal of this study was to find out what non-typical language and communication behavior parents or caregivers of children with autism might have noticed before they were diagnosed.
Predicting Factors Affecting the Readiness of Big Data Adoptions: An Application of Data Mining Algorithms 

The purpose of this study is to predict the factors affecting the readiness to adopt big data in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. Data collected from 240 managers at SMEs encompasses 13 input variables that impact the readiness (high/low) to adopt big data. Partitioned, training, and testing data were analyzed by three Data Mining algorithms techniques (CHAID, Bayesian networks, and Neural Network). The accuracy results of evaluation statistics on the training and testing data of the three models are 70% higher. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) value on the training data ranged from 0.827 to 0.908, while it ranged from 0.777 to 0.898 on the testing data. The results of this study highlighted that top management support, data quality, data security, partner pressure, and budget resources are the five most important factors to predict readiness. The findings of this study contribute important implications for managers, service vendors, and policymakers to understand the factors that influence readiness to adopt big data. Hence, managers can establish a clear strategy to enhance the readiness to adopt big data in SMEs in the future.
Al-Azhar Un. Journal for Research and Studies. Vol 4(1) March.2022

Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy and remains a common cause of maternal and fetal mortality. The clinical symptoms of preeclampsia are caused by widespread endothelial dysfunction suggested to be a part of an exaggerated maternal inflammatory response to pregnancy. The objective of this study is to estimate serum amyloid A in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Type of study: Case control study. Study period: from Septemper2019 to August 2021. Study population: The study was carried out on 75 women divided into three groups: Group I (25 women): The control group are healthy pregnant women who had an uncomplicated antenatal course. Group II (25 women): They are women with mild preeclampsia. Group III (25 women): They are women with severe preeclampsia. Serum amyloid A level (SAA) varied significantly in severe preeclampsia compared to mild and control groups. There was statistically significant positive correlation between serum amyloid A level and most of the indices of severity of preeclampsia, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, liver transaminases, serum creatinine and albuminuria.
Societal Response to Revised Earthquake Probabilities in the San Francisco Bay Area

Using data collected on the general public, health, safety and welfare agencies and organizations, and businesses in the San Francisco Bay Area we describe what people thought and did in response to receiving an informational newspaper insert about revised probabilities for the next damaging Bay Area earthquake. Our findings suggest that the insert was relatively successful in reaching all groups, that Bay Area residents are making earthquakes a permanent part of local culture, and sufficient knowledge may be in-hand with which to effectively and productively manage public earthquake predictions.