Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probing the dynamics of radical reactions with polyatomic hydrocarbons by crossed-beam dc slice imaging

125 Autobiographical Statement . 127
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN ENGLISH MEDIUM INSTRUCTION

The main research objective of this corpus-based study is to identify communication challenges faced by international students of business management in the context of using English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in a non-English speaking country. It attempts to gain an insight on learners’ perceptions of intercultural communication (ICC) barriers, associated with their native language and cultural background in the process of developing academic and cultural competences. Quantitative data was derived through a small specialised corpus, comprising of 13,896 words, constructed from 47 students’ reflective essays. The research assumptions and analysis of discourse were based on the model of the six Stumbling Blocks in Intercultural Communication developed by LaRay M. Barna (1994). The evidence from the study suggests that differences in verbal and non-verbal language expressions are perceived as a more significant communication block, due to the fact that they seem to be attributed with clear self-awareness of the problem. The results also indicate that language differences and cultural ambiguity are more significantly expressed by students raised and educated in higher context cultures, sharing more collectivist values. To handle these issues in EMI, an approach to self-conscious actions and efforts is needed from all participants in the process to develop linguistic and intercultural communication competence (ICCC).
Antioxidant and antidiabetic effect of Hibiscus rosasinensis flower extract on streptozotocin induced experimental rats - a dose response study.

The present study was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of Hibiscus rosasinensis against streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered as a single dose (40 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. The hypoglycemic activity of Hibiscus rosasinensis extract (HRSEt) was investigated in a dose dependent manner such as (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg bwt) by evaluating various biochemical parameters. The levels of blood glucose, carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, TBARS, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid profiles were found to be significantly increased in diabetic rats when compared to control groups. Administration of extract in the treated groups showed altered changes in the above mentioned parameters and found that among the three doseses, 250 mg/kg showed best result when compared to other two doses. HRSEt possess antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity against streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. However the detailed mechanism(s) of action will require elucidating in further studies.
A Computer Program for Refinement of Crystal Orientation Matrix and Lattice Constants from Diffractometer Data with Lattice Symmetry Constraints

A linear least-squares computer program that implements the procedure described by Shoemaker & Bassi [Acta Cryst. (1970), A26, 97–101] has been written. With this technique constraints appropriate to the lattice symmetry may be imposed during refinement of the coefficients of the orientation matrix. Cell parameters and variances with the assumed lattice symmetry and the best least-squares agreement result from this calculation.
Development of Femtosecond Electron Diffraction for Direct Measurements of Ultrafast Atomic Motions

The evolution of material structures is governed by the making and breaking of chemical bonds and the rearrangement of atoms, which occurs on the time scale of an atomic vibrational period, hundreds of femtoseconds. Atomic motion on this time scale ultimately determines the course of phase transitions in solids, the kinetic pathways of chemical reactions, and even the function of biological processes. Direct observation and understanding these ultrafast structural dynamics at the time and length scales of atomic motions represent an important frontier in scientific research and applications. We have developed a femtosecond electron diffraction system (FED) capable of directly measuring the atomic motions in sub-picosecond temporal resolution and sub-milli-angstrom spatial resolution. In the path of the development of FED various technical challenges have been overcome and an unprecedented capability has been achieved. These advancements allow us to study a range of ultrafast structural dynamics directly on the fundamental level of atomic motions for the first time. With FED we measured laser-induced ultrafast structural dynamics in a 20-nm Al film by taking real-time snapshots of transmission electron patterns. The damped single-mode breathing motion of the Al film along the surface normal was recorded as coherent and in-phase oscillations of all the Bragg peak positions. The concurrent lattice heating was measured by tracking the associated Bragg peak intensity attenuation. This acoustic phonon can be well fitted with a classical harmonic oscillator model using a driving force which includes both electronic and lattice contribution. The pressure of the free electrons contributes significantly in driving the coherent acoustic phonons under nonequilibrium conditions when electrons and phonons are not thermalized. In addition, by using a pair of optical excitation pulses and varying their time delay and relative pulse intensities, we demonstrated successful control of coherent lattice motions.
Halogeton (H. glomeratus) poisoning in cattle: case report.

Historically, the most significant losses from halogeton poisoning have been reported in sheep, with multiple catastrophic deaths documented. While recorded death losses in cattle from halogeton poisoning are less common than in sheep, recent cases, including 2 reported here, and anecdotal reports from other ranchers suggest that the impact of halogeton losses in cattle herds in the western United States is much more widespread than originally thought. Halogeton may accumulate up to 30% oxalates; a small amount of the plant (300 g) is enough to cause death in sheep. Oxalates precipitate calcium from the blood, resulting in hypocalcemia, formation of calcium oxalate crystals, and uremia. In this report, 2 cases of halogeton poisoning in cattle are documented, including a history of halogeton grazing, supportive oxalate analysis of plants collected from the poisoning locations, and histological evidence of classic oxalate nephropathy and calcium oxalate crystal nephrosis.
Anodic Dissolution of Iron in Acidic Sulfate Electrolytes I . Formation and Growth of a Porous Salt Film

High rate anodic dissolution of iron in a sulfuric acid electrolyte causes the solution near the electrode surface to become supersaturated in ferrous sulfate. Ferrous sulfate crystals precipitate on the electrode surface when the surface concentration exceeds a critical value. This critical value is about 1.8 times greater than the saturation concentration of ferrous sulfate. Continued precipitation results in the growth of a porous ferrous sulfate film on the surface. A mathematical model describing the initial formation and subsequent growth of this salt film is developed for a rotating disk geometry. A perturbation analysis serves as the foundation of this model. The salt film thickness is nearly proportional to the square root of time shortly after the initial precipitation. The film growth rate falls off sharply in time following this initial period because of depletion of ferrous ions from the solution adjacent to the electrode surface.
Plant species characteristics and vegetation dynamics in the tropics

This paper attempts a differentiation of forest and savanna and an assessment of changes in these vegetation types based on their characteristic plant species. Farming activities are recognised as a main factor influencing the dynamics of the vegetations. The occurrences of plant species on selected fallow communities at various stages of development, along the regional boundary between forest and savanna, were therefore analysed. The analyses show that plant species not only differentiate between the two, but also suggest changing trends in their character. They show that forest and savanna are to a large extent, species specific, and that over a short term period, farming activities are capable of extending the present limit of savanna towards the forest areas.
Promoting Effect of Metal Compounds on Rat Renal Tumorigenesis

Five metal compounds, zinc chloride (ZnCl2), mercury chloride (HgCl2), chromium chloride (CrCl3) hexahydrate, cadmium chloride (CdCl2) hemidihydrate, and nickel chloride (NiCl2) hexahydrate, were selected and tested for potential modifying influence on renal tumorigenesis. Six groups, each consisting of 15 male F344 rats, were given N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (EHEN) at a concentration of 500 ppm in their drinking water for the first 2 weeks as the initiation of carcinogenesis. Thereafter, the rats were treated orally for 25 weeks with ZnCl2, HgCl2, CrCl3, CdCl2, and NiCl2, respectively, at concentrations of 450, 40, 600, 100, and 600 ppm in the drinking water. The control group was given unsupplemented distilled water (DW) after EHEN initiation. Renal neoplastic lesions were classified histologically into dysplastic foci (DF) and renal cell tumors (RCT). As a result, statistically significant increases were found in the mean numbers of DF per cm2 in rats treated with the five metal compounds. On the other hand, the incidence of RCT was significantly higher only in rats treated with NiCl2. It is concluded that NiCl2 exerted a potential for promotion of renal tumorigenesis under the conditions of this study.
Fabrication processes of archaeological Egyptian blue and green pigments enlightened by Raman microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

The preparation process of Egyptian blue and green pigments was studied by using scanning electron microscopy and Raman microscopy on archaeological samples. Together they allow the identification of the molecular or crystalline structure of different areas each characterized by their elementary composition or morphology. The main result is the identification of tenorite (CuO), which proves that the syntheses of both compounds were performed in an oxidizing atmosphere. The siliceous areas are always α-quartz; in green pigments, α-cristobalite is rarely observed. In addition, a reference Raman spectrum of cuprorivaite (CaCuSi4O10), the blue crystalline compound of Egyptian blue, was obtained. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of halide ions on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in H2SO4 using methyl red: Part 1

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in H 2 SO 4 in the presence of methyl red, (MR) at 303-313 K was studied using the weight loss technique. The weight loss data were converted to electrochemical data for further calculations of some corrosion parameters. The effect of addition of halides (KCl, KBr, KI) is also reported. The inhibition efficiency (I%) increased with concentration of methyl red (MR). The addition of the halides increased the inhibition efficiency to a considerable extent. Temperature increased the corrosion rate but decreased the inhibition efficiency in the range of 303-313 K in the absence and presence of inhibitor and halides. Methyl Red (MR) was found to obey Langmuir and Flory-Huggins adsorption isotherm at all concentrations. Phenomenon of physical adsorption is proposed from the obtained E a values. The increase in inhibition efficiency (and surface coverage, θ), was found to be in the order F > Br - > Cl - which indicates that the joint adsorption of MR and halide ions play a significant role in the adsorption process. The synergism parameter (S I ) evaluated is found to be greater than unity which indicates that the enhanced inhibition efficiency caused by the addition of halides is only due to synergism. The synergistic effect of MR and halide ions is discussed.
Biomassa microbiana e atividade enzimática em solos sob vegetação nativa e sistemas agrícolas anuais e perenes na região de Primavera do Leste (MT)

Primavera do Leste is one of the most important farming areas of Mato Grosso State. This study was carried out in a Red-Yellow Latosol to evaluate the microbial biomass and enzyme activities in soils under native vegetation (known as "Cerradao") and in soils under annual and perennial cropping systems. Soil samples were collected, at the beginning of the rainy season, at two depths (0-5 and 5-20 cm) in areas under a vineyard (row and between rows), annual crops (soybean) and native vegetation. The parameters evaluated were soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), readily mineralizable carbon (microbial respiration) and the soil enzymes b-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase. In relation to the native area, at the two depths reductions of up to 70% in the MBC were observed in the annual and perennial cropping systems. The soil management conducted in the area between the rows of the vineyard along with the presence of the grass Eleusine indica, as a cover crop, favored an increase in the levels of readily mineralizable carbon, and the b-glucosidase and arilsulfatase activities. The P content of the soil under Cerradao, at the two depths, reduced the levels of acid phosphatase activities as compared to other places of the Cerrados region. Nevertheless, at the 0-5 cm depth the phosphatase activity of the Cerradao area was greater than in the annual crops, showing the importance of this enzyme on organic P cycling in native ecosystems. The results confirmed the sensibility of microbiological and biochemical parameters to evaluate changes that occurred in soil as a consequence of different management systems.
Identification and Spectral Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Carbonaceous Soot Produced by Laser Pyrolysis

Carbon soot has been prepared by laser-induced pyrolysis of a mixture of ethylene (C2H4) and benzene (C6H6) vapor. The soluble part of the carbonaceous powder has been separated from its insoluble counterpart by soxhlet extraction in toluene. Several techniques were applied to obtain information on the composition of the extract. These included UV/visible and IR spectroscopy in solid and liquid phase, gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry, gas-phase laser spectroscopy in a supersonic jet, and matrix spectroscopy in helium droplets, the latter being also combined with mass spectrometry. The analysis revealed that the carbonaceous powder contained various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The highest concentration was found for the three-membered catacondensed PAHs, phenanthrene and anthracene. The results are discussed in view of the possible role of these molecules as interstellar dust components.
Investigation of the usability of the drinking water of Kilis province.

In this study, physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of the tap waters of Kilis province was investigated in terms of drinking water quality. For this purpose, in 2009 August and 2010 February, the ninety-water samples were taken from forty five points. In conclusion, all samples studied were determined to be appropriate to the standards (TSE, WHO, EC and EPA) in terms of color, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, hardness, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, iron, aluminum and arsenic. It was seen that the levels of fluoride was below the limits of the standards in all water samples, and the levels of chlorine was over the limits of the standards in many water samples, and the levels of manganese was over the limits of the standards at two samples. It was determined that five from these examples were not suitable to drink due to microbiological pollution (i.e, in terms of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli). It was determined that the other samples were also clean as a microbiological as well as the determined physical and chemical properties of water, and thus they were suitable to drinking. But, in some samples, the smell of chlorine was determined due to excessive chlorination.
Di­aqua­tetrakis­(pyridine-2,6-di­carbox­ylato-κ2O2,O6)­tetrakis(μ-pyridine-3,5-di­carboxyl­ic acid-κ2N:O)tetracopper(II): a copper complex with tetrameric molecular units

Crystals of the title tetramer, [Cu 4 (C 7 H 3 NO 4 ) 4 (C 7 H 5 NO 4 ) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ], were synthesized hydrothermally at 433 K. The triclinic structure consists of tetrameric molecular species, which interact via strong hydrogen bonds. The Cu II ions are distributed equally between one square-pyramidal site and one octahedral site distorted by the Jahn-Teller effect. This coordination complex exhibits the peculiarity of having Cu II ions linked to both the 2,6- and the 3,5-isomers of pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
Nitric Oxide Emissions from the Soil to Lower Levels of the Troposphere

Emissions of nitric oxide from the soil to the lower troposphere under varying environmental conditions are considered. NO is a precursor in the formation of tropospheric ozone which can directly impact public health and the environment. Understanding and controlling of NO flux from soils to the troposphere can thus be advantageous, protecting air quality as well as conserving valued nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural settings. Comprehensive laboratory protocols have been developed, conducted, and published that consider the influence of mineral fertilizer, municipal wastewater, municipal wastewater treatment biosolids, swine waste, and toluene on NO emissions with varying soil temperature, moisture content, and pH. Laboratory results indicate that NO emissions from wastewater-amended soil have the highest mean emission rate (63 ng-N/m2s) followed by toluene-amended soil (47 ng-N/m2s), biosolid-amended soil (46 ng-N/m2s), mineral fertilizer-amended soil (44 ng-N/m2s), and then swine waste-amended soil (.
Atividade antibacteriana de furanoeliangólidos

Sesquiterpene lactones lychnopholide (1) and eremantholide C (2) and some derivatives: 1 ,2 -epoxyeremantholide C (3), 1 β -hidroxy-2,3-dihydroeremantolide C (4), 3 -hydroxyeremantholide C (5), 5-n- propylamonium- 4,5-dihydroeremantholide C chloride (6) and 1 β -hydroxy-2,3- dihydrolychnopholide (7) were tested against Enterococus faecalis S48, Bacillus subtilis CECT 397, Staphylococus aureus ATCC 8, Salmonella typhymurium LT2, Escherichia coli U9 e Proteus sp. Compounds 1, 4, 5 and 7 showed activity.
Comparing tests for soil fertility: 1. Conversion equations between olsen and mehlich 3 as phosphorus extractants for 120 soils of south italy

Abstract The multiple‐element extractant Mehlich 3 (M3) has not been tested extensively in Europe. In this Land, soil‐P test recommendations are based, since decades, on the evaluation of the Olsen‐extractable P, and the optimal soil‐P levels have been established to range between 1.5 and 3.0 mg of Olsen‐P per 100 g of soil. A research programme was started in order to assess the suitability of M3 as routine soil‐P test in European laboratories. As a first approach, we develop conversion equations from Olsen‐P to M3‐P, in order to assess the agreement and the consistency of the measurements under a wide range of chemical and physical soil properties. To this aim, 120 samples with drastically contrasting features were selected within 206 soils collected from all the regions of South Italy. Soil‐P ranges were 0.07–60.53 for M3, and 0.08–21.47 mg/100 g for Olsen. The results showed that M3‐P was a P extractant more efficient than Olsen. The amounts of M3‐P were, on the average, twice as large as the Olsen‐P .
Open Educational Resources and ESL Education: Insights from US Educators.

The open education movement has resulted in the proliferation of content that is freely produced, shared, remixed, and reused by instructors in various disciplines throughout the world. However, little is known about whether or not English as a second language (ESL) instructors in the United States (US) are taking part. This study reports on the survey responses of 310 ESL instructors working in various US educational contexts. Results indicate that 59% of respondents were either aware or very aware of open educational resources (OER). Instructors with less teaching experience were two times as likely of being aware of OER than more experienced instructors. Instructors working in K-12 settings were more likely to use OER than those teaching in community colleges and universities. Respondents’ main reasons for using OER include the ease of adapting/incorporating OER in their courses and that OER address aspects of their course not found elsewhere. Primary reasons for not using OER include difficulty in locating OER and the quality of the materials. Respondents indicated that OER have made their teaching more interesting/dynamic, provided for the inclusion of more authentic materials, and helped to better address the needs of their students and the goals of their ESL program.
Effect of Turmeric incorporation on fluoride release, Antibacterial activity and Physical properties of glass ionomer cement An in-vitro comparative study

Aim and Objective: To assess the effects of turmeric incorporation on the fluoride release, antibacterial efficacy and physical properties of Glass Ionomer Cement. Methods: Turmeric was added to GIC at concentration ratios of 0.5% w/w (group II) and 1% w/w (group III) to obtain the test groups. Conventional GIC served as control (group I). The antibacterial activity of the cement specimens were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans using the agar well inhibition test. The fluoride release was evaluated using fluoride ion selective electrode. The physical parameters evaluated were net setting time, shear bond strength and microleakage. Results: Group II and III showed significantly greater inhibition zones against S.mutans while the control group (Group I) showed only mild inhibition. Similarly group II and group III showed highly significant fluoride release compared to the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the physical properties viz shear bond strength, microleakage and setting time of the cement between the groups. Conclusion: Incorporation of turmeric at a concentration of 1% has the potential to enhance the antibacterial activity of GIC as well as fluoride release without compromising on its physical abilities viz shear bond strength, micro leakage and setting time.
Potentiometric Study of Binary and Mixed Complexes of Imidazole, Histamine, Histidine and Diacetyl Monooxime with Some Transition Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution

The complexation reactions between diacetyl monooxime (Damo), imidazole (Him), histamine (Hist) and histidine (His) with Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ were studied potentiometrically in aqueous solution at 25 °C and m= 0.5 M KNO3. The overall stability constants log b's of species were obtained by computer refinement of pH-volume data using BEST computer program. Several models were tested and, based on the lowest sFIT , the best one is accepted. The main species in binary complexes are MAH, MA2, MA2H, MA2H2, (in MA3 and MA4 A=Him), and for ternary complexes are MAB, MA2B, MAB2 and MABH. The D log KMAB and log XMAB were calculated for MAB mixed complexes. The order found for the resulting stability constants vary as Co2+ < Ni2+ < Cu2+.