Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erratum: Voyager Color Photometry of Saturn's Main Rings

We correct a calibration error in our earlier analysis of Voyager color observations of Saturn's main rings at 14 deg phase angle and present thoroughly revised and reanalyzed radial profiles of the brightness of the main rings in Voyager G, V, and UV filters, and ratios of these brightnesses. These results are consistent with more recent HST results at 6 deg phase angle, once allowance is made for plausible phase reddening of the rings. Unfortunately, the Voyager camera calibration factors are simply not sufficiently well known for a combination of the Voyager and HST data to be used to constrain the phase reddening quantitatively. However, some interesting radial variations in reddening between 6-14 deg phase angles are hinted at. We update a ring-and-satellite color vs. albedo plot from Cuzzi and Estrada in several ways. The A and B rings are still found to be in a significantly redder part of color-albedo space than Saturn's icy satellites.
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech)

— The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
Austin Surgery Case Reports Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Bone Marrow Infiltration: Case Report and Review of the Literature

This case report describes a 77-year-old woman who initially was admitted in the ER department, complaining for diffuse abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss and bone pain, while her blood tests showed coexistent anemia & severe thrombocytopenia. During her inpatient stay, she presented with hematemesis, hematochezia and petechiae, in the form of Diffuse Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). Diagnostic work-up included upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy which revealed a diffuse gastric non-signet ring cell type adenocarcinoma, bone marrow biopsy which showed bone marrow infiltration from cancer cells with epithelial origin and diffuse necrosis, and bone scan which revealed multiple lytic bone lesions throughout the bony skeleton. This case is significant, primarily for its importance in the differential diagnosis when approaching a patient with bone pain and lytic bone lesions and also because it points out an increasing incidence of diffuse type gastric cancer, and the severity of a coexisting infiltration of the bone marrow at the time of diagnosis. (1 & 4 years ago). Physical examination revealed pale skin color and diffuse petechiae in the extremities and abdominal region, normal bowel movement and tenderness during palpation of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Rectal digital examination was negative for blood. Initial laboratory evaluation in the ER, showed anemia (Hgb 7.7g/dL - Ht 23,7%), MCH 27, 4pg, MCV 84, 3fl, MCHC 32, 5g/dL, low platelet count (42000K/μl), total bilirubin 1, 55mg/dl, indirect bilirubin 1, 10mg/dl, LDH 548 U/L and high alkaline phosphatase (1261). Patient was admitted in Medical ward for further diagnostic evaluation. While being inpatient, a set of laboratory tests were performed: direct & indirect Coombs which were both negative, PT 14, 9sec, INR 1, 34, aPTT 35, 31sec, D-Dimmers >36581.8, fibrogen 1.7, serum protein electrophoresis, which returned positive for a small increase of the a1 band, haptoglobin 0.1g/l, Quantative determination of IgG/M/A was within normal range, Ca 19-9 >5000, PO 4 - 2, 9mg/ dl, Ca + 9,1mg/dl, RET% 2, 83, ESR 30mm, FOBT positive. An x-ray of the skull, thorax and the upper extremities was also requested, which were normal.
ON CURRENT POLIO VACCINES: VACCINATION SCHEDULES AND ADMINISTRATION ROUTES

R ecent advances in the field of biotechnology have led to products containing enzymes, antibodies, and other biological agents for suitable use as pharmaceuticals for treatment of many diseases and vaccines for prevention purposes of broad range of infectious diseases. Poliomyelitis is one of serious disease caused by a virus, affecting the nervous system and resulting in paralysis in infant survivors. Oral Polio vaccine is used worldwide to eradicate the polio. Numerous challenges facing polio eradication continue to arise and differ from region to region, but one of such challenge of the Oral Polio vaccine is vaccine derived polio cases known as vaccine derived polioviruses and vaccines associated polio cases known as vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. Inactivated Polio vaccine is one of the better options to eliminate and/or prevent these cases. On the basis of past literature, we are summarized here current development in polio vaccines after applying different technology and administrative routes. Furthermore, it is necessary to improve education, so people understand the basic concept of alternative vaccines and their different administration routes, thereby assisting in creating a basic understanding of polio vaccine and its vaccinations. Communication strategies should, therefore, be aimed at increasing awareness of poliomyelitis as a real health threat and educating the populace about the safety of the vaccine. Polio eradication partners should collaborate with other agencies and ministries to improve total primary healthcare packages to address identified unmet health and social needs.
Self-Management of Myofascial Trigger Point Release by using an Inflatable Ball among Elderly Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Case Series

Introduction: In this study, we devised a self-management technique involving Myofascial Trigger point (MTrP) release by using an inflatable ball to improve pain, pressure sensitivity, and joint flexibility in elderly individuals with chronic low back pain. Materials and Methods: This study was a case series, and participants were recruited from a community welfare center. All participants had MTrPs in the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, iliopsoas, and quadratus lumborum on at least one side, which had persisted for ≥3 months. We designed a 4-phasedintervention according to the level at which the treatment was applied. Results: Statistically significant changes (p<0.05) were detected in low back pain (measured using the visual analog scale), pressure sensitivity (measured using the pressure pain threshold), and joint flexibility (measured on the basis of lumbar flexion and extension range of motion) after therapy. Conclusion: Our results suggest that MTrP therapy using an inflatable ball improve pain, pressure sensitivity, and joint flexibility among elderly individuals with chronic low back pain. This therapy may be useful for rehabilitation among affected individuals.
Seaweed ecosystems may not mitigate CO 2 emissions

Global seaweed carbon sequestration estimates are currently taken as the fraction of the net primary production ( NPP ) exported to the deep ocean. However, this perspective does not account for CO 2 from the consumption of external subsidies. Here, we clarify: (i) the role of export relative to seaweed net ecosystem production ( NEP ) for a closed system and one more likely open to subsidies; (ii) the importance of subsidies by compiling published estimates of NEP from seaweed-dominated ecosystems; and (iii) discuss their impact on the global seaweed net carbon balance and other sequestration constraints as a mitigation service. Examples of seaweed NEP ( n = 18) were sparse and variable. Nevertheless, the average NEP ( − 4.0 mmol C m –2 d –1 SE ± 12.2) suggested that seaweed ecosystems are a C source, becoming increasingly heterotrophic as their export is consumed. Critically, mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions was mixed relative to their replacement or baseline states, and where CO 2 is supplied independently of organic metabolism and atmospheric exchange, we caution a sole reliance on NEP or NPP . This will ensure a more accurate seaweed mitigation assessment, one that does exceed their capacity and is effective within a compliance and carbon trading scheme.
Energy gap and band alignment for (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1−x on (100) Si

High-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to characterize the electronic structures for a series of high-k materials (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1−x grown on (100) Si substrate with different HfO2 mole fraction x. Al 2p, Hf 4f, O 1s core levels spectra, valence band spectra, and O 1s energy loss all show continuous changes with x in (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1−x. These data are used to estimate the energy gap (Eg) for (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1−x, the valence band offset (ΔEν) and the conduction band offset (ΔEc) between (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1−x and the (100) Si substrate. Our XPS results demonstrate that the values of Eg, ΔEν, and ΔEc for (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1−x change linearly with x.
Running Space from Vision and Proprioception Visual and Proprioceptive Representations in Spatial Memory

It has been shown that spatial information can be acquired from both visual and nonvisual modalities. The present study explored how spatial information from vision and proprioception was represented in memory, investigating orientation dependence of spatial memories acquired through visual and proprioceptive spatial learning. Experiment 1 examined whether visual learning alone and proprioceptive learning alone yielded orientation-dependent spatial memory. Results showed that spatial memories from both types of learning were orientation dependent. Experiment 2 explored how different orientations of the same environment were represented when they were learned visually and proprioceptively. Results showed that both visually and proprioceptively learned orientations were represented in spatial memory. These results suggest that participants established two different reference systems based on each type of learning experience and interpreted the environment in terms of these two reference systems. The results provide some initial clues to how different modalities make unique contributions to spatial representations.
Comparative stages of atretic oocyte between sesarmid crabs Episesarma singaporense and E. versicolor from Thailand: Implications on reproductive success

The oocyte atresia is the primary mechanism responsible for the degeneration and resorptive process as a common groundwork for aquatic animals, but it has rarely been reported in crabs. The present study focused on the characteristics and stages of the atretic oocyte from two important female sesarmid crabs (Singapore vinegar crab, Episesarma singaporense and violet vinegar crab, E. versicolor ) during ovarian maturation. A total of 30 female samples from each crab species was collected from the Palian mangrove area of Trang Province, Thailand. The results shared among those crab samples from the primary growth (PG) and secondary growth (SG) phases underwent a degenerative atresia process. The latter atresia stage during SG was also divided into five stages (I, II, III, IV, and V). The degeneration of follicular cell and yolk architecture identified in the SG was highlighted. The number of atresias was compared between E. singaporense and E. versicolor , indicating that there were no significant differences. Observations suggested that the low number of atresia could be associated with the increased reproductive success of two female sesarmid crabs living in natural habitats.
MEMORY Executive Control of Stimulus-driven and Goal-directed Attention in Visual Working Memory

We examined the role of executive control in stimulus-driven and goal-directed attention in visual working memory using probed recall of a series of objects, a task that allows study of the dynamics of storage through analysis of serial position data. Experiment 1examined whether executive control underlies goal-directed prioritization of certain items within the sequence. While instructing participants to prioritize either the first or final item resulted in improved recall for these items, an increase in concurrent task difficulty reduced or abolished these gains, consistent with their dependence on executive control. Experiment 2 examined whether executive control is involved in the disruption caused by a post-series visual distractor (suffix). A demanding concurrent task disrupted memory for all items except the most recent whereas a suffix disrupted only the most recent items. There was no interaction when concurrent load and suffix were combined, suggesting that deploying selective attention to ignore the distractor did not draw upon executive resources in our task. A final experiment replicated the independent interfering effects of suffix and concurrent load while ruling out possible artefacts. We discuss the results in terms of a domain-general episodic buffer in which information is retained in a transient, limited capacity privileged state, influenced by both stimulus-driven and goal-directed processes. The privileged state contains the most recent environmental input together with goal-relevant representations being actively maintained using executive resources.
Incidences of water turtle ( Pelusios Species ) sold in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to assess the incidences of water turtle ( Pelusios species ) sold in Benin City, Edo state. Data was collected through questionnaire and oral interviews in twelve markets surveyed viz Oliha market, Ogiso/New market, Yanga market, Oba market, Osa market, New Benin Market, Ogida market, Uwa market, Edaiken/Uselu market, Uwelu market, Oregbeni market, Oka market across Oredo, Egor and Ikpoba Okha Local Government Areas (LGA) of Edo State, Nigeria. These markets were visited with certain determinative parameters in mind, these includes if turtle were sold, intensity of sales, price indices, socio-economic characteristics of the marketers, utilization of turtle and difficulty encountered if any during sales. The results showed that turtle were sold in all the markets surveyed, turtle marketers were women (100%) and majority of them were married (74%). They had mainly primary school education (42.3%), secondary school education (34.6%) while few had no form of formal education (23.1%). The major source of water turtle to the sellers was from intermediaries (wholesalers), turtle were sold based on their sizes and the price indices showed that 0.1 – 0.3kg male turtle cost between N 500 – N 1400, 0.4 – 0.6kg male cost between N 500-2000, 0.7 – 0.9kg male cost between N 800 - N 1900 and ≥ 1kg male cost between N 1250 - N 4000 while female turtle having weights of 0.1 – 0.3kg cost between N 300 - N 1000, 0.4 – 0.6kg female cost between N 700 - N 1500, 0.7 – 0.9kg female cost between N 700 – N 3500 and ≥ 1kg female turtle cost between N 1200 - N 4000. They were utilized for rituals/ancestral worship and served as a food item. The marketers made an average profit of between N300 - N 400 and as low as N 100 - N 200 per turtle regardless of the size and the major constraint faced by them was low demand which usually necessitated them selling other products along side to breakeven. Turtle sales provided employment, income, raw materials and food for the populace. It accepted any food consumed by man in captivity which serves as an indicator of the possibility of their ease of culture or being kept as pet
Identiﬁcation of Rkr1, a Nuclear RING Domain Protein with Functional Connections to Chromatin Modiﬁcation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (cid:1)

Proper transcription by RNA polymerase II is dependent on the modiﬁcation state of the chromatin template. The Paf1 complex is associated with RNA polymerase II during transcription elongation and is required for several histone modiﬁcations that mark active genes. To uncover additional factors that regulate chromatin or transcription, we performed a genetic screen for mutations that cause lethality in the absence of the Paf1 complex component Rtf1. Our results have led to the discovery of a previously unstudied gene, RKR1 . Strains lacking RKR1 exhibit phenotypes associated with defects in transcription and chromatin function. These phenotypes include inositol auxotrophy, impaired telomeric silencing, and synthetic lethality with mutations in SPT10 , a gene that encodes a putative histone acetyltransferase. In addition, deletion of RKR1 causes severe genetic interactions with mutations that prevent histone H2B lysine 123 ubiquitylation or histone H3 lysine 4 methylation. RKR1 encodes a conserved nuclear protein with a functionally important RING domain at its carboxy terminus. In vitro experiments indicate that Rkr1 possesses ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. Taken together, our results identify a new participant in a protein ubiquitylation pathway within the nucleus that acts to modulate chromatin function and transcription.
Prostate through Down-regulation of Protein Kinase C miR-205 Exerts Tumor-Suppressive Functions in Human

Limited information is available concerning the expression and role of microRNAs in prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated the involvement of miR-205 in prostate carcinogenesis. Significantly lower miR-205 expression levels were found in cancer than in normal prostate cell lines as well as in tumor compared with matched normal prostate tissues, with a particularly pronounced reduction in carcinomas from patients with local-regionally disseminated disease. Restoring the expression of miR-205 in prostate cancer cells resulted in cell rearrangements consistent with a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, such as up-regulation of E-cadherin and reduction of cell locomotion and invasion, and in the down-regulation of several oncogenes known to be involved in disease progression (i.e., interleukin 6, caveolin-1, EZH2 ). Our evidence suggests that these events are driven by the concurrent repression of specific predicted miR-205 targets, namely N-chimaerin, ErbB3, E2F1, E2F5, ZEB2, and protein kinase C E . Strikingly, the latter seemed to play a direct role in regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In fact, its down-regulation led to a cell phenotype largely reminiscent of that of cells ectopically expressing miR-205. Overall, we showed for the first time that miR-205 exerts a tumor-suppressive effect in human prostate by counteracting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and reducing cell migration/invasion, at least in part through the down-regulation of protein kinase C E . Res 2009;69(6):2287–95]
of motesanib in combination with gemcitabine for the treatment of patients with solid

The aim of this open-label phase 1b study was to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of motesanib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumours. Eligible patients with histologically or cytologically documented solid tumours or lymphoma were enroled in three sequential, dose-escalating cohorts to receive motesanib 50mg once daily (QD), 75mg two times daily (BID), or 125 mg QD in combination with gemcitabine (1000 mg m (cid:1) 2 ). The primary end point was the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Twenty-six patients were enroled and received motesanib and gemcitabine. No DLTs occurred. The 75mg BID cohort was discontinued early; therefore, 125 mg QD was the maximum target dose. Sixteen patients (62%) experienced motesanib-related adverse events, most commonly lethargy ( n ¼ 6), diarrhoea ( n ¼ 4), fatigue ( n ¼ 3), headache ( n ¼ 3), and nausea ( n ¼ 3). The pharmacokinetics of motesanib and of gemcitabine were not markedly affected after combination therapy. The objective response rate was 4% (1 of 26), and 27% (7 of 26) of patients achieved stable disease. In conclusion, treatment with motesanib plus gemcitabine was well tolerated, with adverse event and pharmacokinetic profiles similar to that observed in monotherapy studies.
Effects of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy on Serum Alt Levels

Background: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is considered to be the gold standard treatment option for cholelithiasis. Various studies have shown that LC causes elevation in serum levels of certain hepatic enzymes. Objective :The objective of this study was to compare the mean pre-operative levels of serum Alanine Transaminase (ALT) with mean postoperative levels of serum Alanine Transaminase after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in tertiary care hospital of Rawalpindi. determine : increased in in 4% of with undergoing Mean 42±15 Mean change observed between Pre op and Post op ALTs of patients after LC was 14±12 u/l. There was highly significant difference in mean pre-op and mean post-op serum ALT levels with P value 0.00. Results were statistically extremely significant. No relation between elevation of serum ALT levels and gender could be established (P value 0.103) while derangement of ALT levels (>43u/l) was observed more in male than in female patients. Mean change in ALT levels after LC increased proportionally with age. Conclusion : Significant change was observed in serum levels of ALT which suggests that pneumoperitoneum created during LC causes hepatocellular ischemia leading to cellular injury which might be the cause of elevation in serum ALT level.
CUTANEOUS MEDICATION REACTIONS IN HAART EXPERIENCED AND HAART NAIVE PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA

Background : The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved patients’ survival. There is however limited information in Nigeria on HAART associated cutaneous reactions which may lead to increased morbidity. Aim: To determine the prevalence and pattern of cutaneous medication reactions in HAART experienced and HAART naive patients in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Methods: This was a comparative cross sectional study that involved 330 HAART experienced patients and 330 HAART naive patients. Patients were evaluated for cutaneous medication reactions. Results : The mean age of the HAART experienced group and HAART naïve group were 42. ±10yrs and 40±11 years respectively. The male: female ratio of the HAART naïve and experienced population were 1.9:1 and 3:1 respectively. The median CD4 count of the HAART naive group was significantly lower than the HAART experienced group (275.5vs 487cells/µ p = < 0.01 ) . Cutaneous medication reactions was present in 19(5.8%) of the HAART experienced patients and only 1(0.3%) of the HAART naïve group (P = < 0.01). Among the HAART experienced group, 14 (4.2%) had melanonychia, 3(0.9%) had zidovudine induced skin pigmentation and 2(0.6%) had lipodystrophy 2(0.6%). Lichenoid drug eruption 1(0.3%) was the only cutaneous medication reaction in the HAART naïve group. Conclusion : Cutaneous medication reactions was more common in the HAART experienced patients. Melanonychia was the most common cutaneous medication reactions among our patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.