Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess food groups and nutrient intake.

INTRODUCTION Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) analyze average food and nutrient intake over extended periods to associate habitual dietary intake with health problems and chronic diseases. A tool of this nature applicable to both women and men is not presently available in Mexico. OBJECTIVE To validate a FFQ for adult men and women. METHODS The study was conducted on 97 participants, 61% were women. Two FFQs were administered (with a one-year interval) to measure reproducibility. To assess validity, the second FFQ was compared against dietary record (DR) covering nine days. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlations and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). The de-attenuation of the ICC resulting from intraindividual variability was controlled. The validity analysis was complemented by comparing the classification ability of FFQ to that of DR through concordance between intake categories and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Reproducibility: ICC values for food groups ranged 0.42-0.87; the range for energy and nutrients was between 0.34 and 0.82. VALIDITY ICC values for food groups ranged 0.35-0.84; the range for energy and nutrients was between 0.36 and 0.77. Most subjects (56.7-76.3%) classified in the same or adjacent quintile for energy and nutrients using both methods. Extreme misclassification was <6.3% for all items. Bland-Altman plots reveal high concordance between FFQ and DR. CONCLUSIONS FFQ produced sufficient levels of reproducibility and validity to determine average daily intake over one year. These results will enable the analysis of possible associations with chronic diseases and dietary diagnoses in adult populations of men and women.
Elastodynamic 2D Green function retrieval from cross‐correlation: Canonical inclusion problem

It has been demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that cross‐correlation at two points subjected to diffuse wavefields leads to the emergence of the Green function. Theoretical derivations imply several ideas of great generality but distinct interpretations exist. One assumes diffuse wavefields generated by multiple scattering. In other there is the assumption of multiple independent, uncorrelated sources giving rise to the phenomenon. Here we study the canonical problem of the retrieval of 2D elastodynamic Green function in an infinite space containing a cylinder inclusion. We illuminate isotropically the space with plane waves. We assume the spectra for both P and SV uniform and such that the energy ratio ES/EP = (α/β)2, which is predicted by equipartition theory in 2D. We then show that the Fourier transform of azimuthal average of cross‐correlation of motion between two points is proportional to the imaginary part of the corresponding exact Green tensor. Some implications are discussed.
Reduced injury risk links sociality to survival in a group-living primate

Affiliative social relationships and high social status predict longer lifespans in many mammal species, including humans. Yet, the mechanisms by which these components of sociality influence survival are still largely unknown. Using 10 years of long-term data on the incidence of injuries in a free-ranging population of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), we investigated two possible mechanisms that could underpin the relationship between sociality and survival: sociality (1) reduces injury risk; and/or (2) increases the probability of survival after an injury. Our results showed that injured animals had a near three-fold increase in the probability of dying, confirming that injuries can be fatal in this population. Crucially, we found that sociality may reduce an individual’s injury risk, but had no effect on the probability of injured individuals dying. Individuals with more affiliative partners and higher social status experienced fewer injuries compared to less socially integrated or lower status animals, with the effect of social status varying with age. Females living in bigger groups were more likely to be injured than those in smaller groups, while in males, smaller groups were associated with higher chances of being injured. Our study contributes novel evidence that sociality does not provide fitness benefits via socially-mediated promotion of injury recovery, but instead can enhance fitness by reducing the risk of being fatally injured in the first place.
Ethnobotanique du pistachier de l’atlas (Pistacia atlantica) auprès la population de Béchar (Algérie occidentale)

The present study relates to the ethnobotanic study of a phanerophytic plant : Pistacia atlantica Desf. , in order to give a therapeutic outline to highlight their use in traditional medicine near the population of the area of Bechar. The pistachio tree of the Atlas is a rustic tree, adapted well to the Saharan climate and arid, it plays a significant role on several plans forestry, ecological and socio-economic. The got results show which the different organs of this plant (leaves, flowers, gum, fruit, roots and phenolic composition out of oil) have therapeutic virtues. Among the preparations commonly used infusion, powder and decoction to treat stomachaches, stomach problems, dental care, helminthiasis, leishmaniasis, etc. Keywords: Pistacia atlantica , medicinal plante , phytoecology, ethnobotanic, Bechar.
Remarkably consistent thermal state of the south central Chile subduction zone from 36°S to 45°S

Delineating rupture areas of subduction zone earthquakes is necessary for understanding the controls on seismic and aseismic slip. For the largest recorded earthquake, the 1960 Chile event with moment magnitude 9.5, the rupture area is only loosely defined due to limitations in the global seismic network at the time. The rupture extends ~900 km along strike. Coastal deformation is consistent with either a constant rupture width of ~180–200 km along the entire length or a narrower (~115 km) rupture in the southern half. A southward narrowing of the seismogenic zone has been hypothesized to result from warming of the subduction zone to the south, where the subducting plate is younger. We present results of thermal models at 36°S, 38°S, 43°S, and 45°S to examine potential along‐strike changes in thermal state. Models most consistent with observed surface heat flux include fluid circulation in the oceanic crust that advects heat to the ocean. This ventilated hydrothermal circulation preferentially cools transects with young subducting lithosphere; frictional heating preferentially warms transects with older subducting lithosphere. The combined effects of frictional heating and hydrothermal circulation increase décollement temperatures in the 36°S and 38°S transects by up to ~155°C and decrease temperatures in the 45°S transect by up to ~150°C. In our preferred models, décollement temperatures 200 km landward of the trench in all four transects are ~350–400°C. This is consistent with a constant ~200 km wide seismogenic zone for the 1960 Mw 9.5 rupture, with decreasing slip magnitude in the southern half of the rupture.
An Exploratory Cohort Study Comparing Prothrombin Complex Concentrate and Fresh Frozen Plasma for the Treatment of Coagulopathy After Complex Cardiac Surgery

BACKGROUND:Administration of coagulation factor concentrates to treat bleeding after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass might be a strategy for reducing allogeneic blood transfusions, particularly for patients treated with warfarin preoperatively. We performed an exploratory analysis on whether the use of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) is safe and effective compared with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to treat coagulopathy after pulmonary endarterectomy surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. METHODS:Consecutive adult patients who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy surgery between January 2010 and September 2012 and received PCC or FFP to treat coagulopathy were studied. Blood loss during the first 12 hours of admission to the intensive care unit and patient outcomes were compared with propensity score adjustment. RESULTS:Three hundred fifty-one patients underwent pulmonary endarterectomy surgery, all of whom had warfarin discontinued for up to 5 days before surgery; bleeding complications requiring transfusion of blood products were observed in 108 (31%) patients. Of those, 55 received only FFP and 45 received only PCC, whereas 8 received both. Blood loss was significantly greater in the FFP group compared with the PCC group after 12 hours (median [interquartile range], 650 mL [325–1075] vs 277 mL [175–608], P = 0.008). However, there was no difference in the frequency of patients receiving a red blood cell transfusion (number [percent], 44 [80%] vs 34 [76%], P = 0.594) or in the number of units of red blood cells transfused (median [interquartile range], 2 [1–4] vs 3 [1–5] units, P = 0.181). The final propensity score included preoperative international normalized ratio, postoperative activated partial thromboplastin time, and postoperative platelet count. After inclusion of the propensity score in the regression analyses, there were no differences between patients receiving only PCC and patients receiving only FFP in the need for renal replacement therapy (odds ratio [OR] 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–11.20, P = 0.27), 30-day-mortality (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.03–3.36, P = 0.35), intracranial hemorrhage (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.14–3.89, P = 0.71), hospital length of stay (hazard ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.50–1.19, P = 0.24), or duration of intensive care stay (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.59–1.40, P = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS:This retrospective analysis suggests that PCC may be an alternative to FFP in patients previously treated with warfarin who are coagulopathic after major cardiac surgery. Randomized controlled studies powered to evaluate efficacy and important postoperative outcomes for patients receiving PCC versus FFP for coagulopathic bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass are warranted.
Making Sense of Science: Understanding the Social Study of Science

PART ONE: THE CORE OF SCIENCE STUDIES Just What Makes Science Special Framing Commitments: The Strong Programme and the Empirical Programme of Relativisim PART TWO: SCHOOLS OF SCIENCE STUDIES Knowledge and Social Interest Actor-Networks in Science Gender and Science Studies Ethnomethodology and the Analysis of Scientific Discourse Reflection, Explanation and Reflexivity in Science Studies PART THREE: SCIENCE STUDIES AT WORK Experts in Public: Publics' Relationships to Scientific Authority Figuring out Risks Science in Law Speaking Truth to Power: Science and Policy Conclusion: Science Studies and the 'Crisis' of Representation
Slab melting: Its role in continental crust formation and mantle evolution

A possible mechanism for continental crust formation, slab‐melting and subsequent melt‐mantle interaction, was examined by geochemical formulation of partial melting and melt‐solid reactions. The modeling results suggest that such a process can reasonably explain the major and trace element compositions of the andesitic bulk continental crust. However, the Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic compositions of melting residues in the subducting slab, which may have foundered and been stored in the deep mantle, do not match those of any proposed geochemical reservoir. This may lead to the conclusion that the slab melting did not play the major role in the continental crust formation during the Archean.
Long‐term trends and variability in measured multi‐spectral aerosol optical depth over a tropical urban station in India

Sun photometer‐derived multi‐spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements made at Pune (18°32′N, 73°51′E), India, during the period May 1998–December 2007 have been used to examine possible long‐term trends and variability. Long‐term mean AOD in the spectral range 380–1020 nm ranged between 0.593 ± 0.11 and 0.220 ± 0.04 with a coefficient of variation (COV) of 34–49%. Day‐to‐day variations in AOD at all the wavelengths in the range 380–870 nm showed significant long‐term increasing trends; the increasing trend at 380 nm being 45% per decade. AODs are higher at shorter wavelengths in winter (December–February) and at longer wavelengths in the pre‐monsoon months (March–May) which implies that relatively smaller‐sized particles are more in winter and larger sized particles of soil dust origin are more during the pre‐monsoon season. Overall mean value of Angstrom‐size exponent (α) at this urban location is 0.55, and the mean turbidity coefficient (β) is 0.76. Value of α is higher in winter season compared to the pre‐monsoon season. Both α and β show long‐term increasing trends of 25.3% and 8.4% per decade, respectively, which points out that with increasing urbanisation and human activity, more and more smaller‐sized aerosols are being added to the atmosphere over the urban regions. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Dynamic regulation of estrogen receptor- (cid:1) isoform expression in the mouse fallopian tube: mechanistic insight into estrogen-dependent production and secretion of insulin-like growth factors

Dynamic regulation of estrogen receptor- (cid:1) isoform expression in the mouse fallopian tube: mechanistic insight into estrogen-dependent production and secretion of insulin-like growth factors. Physiol Endocrinol are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily and are involved in regulation of fallopian tube functions (i.e., enhancement of protein secretion, formation of tubal ﬂuid, and regulation of gamete transport). However, the ER subtype-mediated mechanisms underlying these processes have not been completely clariﬁed. Recently, we identiﬁed ER (cid:2) expression and localization in rat fallopian tubes, suggesting a potential biological function of ER (cid:2) related to calcium-dependent ciliated beating. Here we provide for the ﬁrst time insight into the less studied ER (cid:1) isoforms, which mediate estrogen-dependent production and secretion of IGFs in vivo. First, Western blot studies revealed that three ER (cid:1) isoforms were expressed in mouse fallopian tubes. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis showed that ER (cid:1) was detected in all cell types, whereas ER (cid:2) was mainly localized in ciliated epithelial cells. Second, ER (cid:1) isoform levels were dramatically down-regulated in mouse fallopian tubes by treatment with E 2 or PPT, an ER (cid:1) agonist, in a time-dependent manner. Third, the presence of ICI 182,780, an ER antagonist, blocked the E 2 - or PPT-induced down- regulation of tubal ER (cid:1) isoform expression in mice. However, alteration of ER (cid:1) immunoreactivity following ICI 182,780 treatment was only detected in epithelial cells of the ampullary region. Fourth, changes in ER (cid:1) isoform expression were found to be coupled to multiple E 2 effects on tubal growth, protein synthesis, and secretion in mouse fallopian tube tissues and ﬂuid. In particular, E 2 exhibited positive regulation of IGF-I and IGF-II protein levels. Finally, using growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene-disrupted mice, we showed that regulation by E 2 of IGF production was independent of GH- induced GHR signaling in mouse fallopian tubes in vivo. These data, together with previous studies from our laboratory, suggest that the long-term effects of estrogen agonist promote IGF synthesis and secretion in mouse tubal epithelial cells and fallopian tube ﬂuid via stimulation of ER (cid:1) .
Thermal response of the tropical tropopause region to solar ultraviolet variations

Correlative and linear regression analyses of National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) temperature data in the tropical lower stratosphere and upper troposphere confirm the existence of a thermal response to solar ultraviolet variations occurring on the time scale of the solar rotation period. The maximum response occurs near the 100 hPa level (approximately 16 km altitude) at a phase lag of 2 ± 2 days with an amplitude of 0.24 ± 0.07 Kelvin for a change in the Mg II core‐to‐wing ratio of 0.01 (approximately equivalent to a 4% change in solar UV flux at a wavelength near 200 nm). It is suggested that the observed thermal response near the tropical tropopause is caused by changes in upwelling rates induced by the direct effects of solar UV forcing on photochemistry, radiative heating, and dynamics in the upper stratosphere.
The Sensitivity of Austrian Ski Areas to Climate Change

Climate change is expected to have severe impacts on Austrian ski areas. This paper aims to address the limitations of existing studies by incorporating snowmaking in a sensitivity assessment with warming scenarios of up to 4°C conducted for 228 ski areas. A set of three indicators is used: the 100-day rule, a Christmas indicator and a season opening indicator. In the reference period 1961–90 the 100-day rule is fulfilled in 96% of the ski areas. A warming of 1°C, 2°C and 4°C would reduce this share to 81%, 57% and 18%, respectively. Ski operations over Christmas and New Year holidays, however, can be guaranteed only in 77% (reference period), 57% (+1°C), 33% (+2°C) and 9% (+4°C) of the ski areas. The most affected ski areas are located in Upper and Lower Austria and Styria. In a +2°C scenario, more than half of the ski areas would need to at least double the amount of technically produced snow. The model results demonstrate the importance of snowmaking as an adaptive tool to deal with climate variability and change, but also show the physical limits of current snowmaking technology.
Cost and cost-effectiveness of the COMBINE study in alcohol-dependent patients.

CONTEXT The COMBINE (Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Intervention) clinical trial recently evaluated the efficacy of medications, behavioral therapies, and their combinations for the outpatient treatment of alcohol dependence. The costs and cost-effectiveness of these combinations are unknown and of interest to clinicians and policy makers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the costs and cost-effectiveness of the COMBINE Study interventions after 16 weeks of treatment. DESIGN A prospective cost and cost-effectiveness study of a randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING Eleven US clinical sites. PARTICIPANTS One thousand three hundred eighty-three patients having a diagnosis of primary alcohol dependence. INTERVENTIONS The study included 9 treatment groups; 4 groups received medical management for 16 weeks with naltrexone, 100 mg/d, acamprosate, 3 g/d, or both, and/or placebo; 4 groups received the same therapy as mentioned earlier with combined behavioral intervention; and 1 group received combined behavioral intervention only. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Incremental cost per percentage point increase in percentage of days abstinent, incremental cost per patient of avoiding heavy drinking, and incremental cost per patient of achieving a good clinical outcome. RESULTS On the basis of the mean values of cost and effectiveness, 3 interventions are cost-effective options relative to the other interventions for all 3 outcomes: medical management (MM) with placebo ($409 per patient), MM plus naltrexone therapy ($671 per patient), and MM plus combined naltrexone and acamprosate therapy ($1003 per patient). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is only the second prospective cost-effectiveness study with a randomized controlled clinical trial design that has been performed for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Focusing only on effectiveness, MM-naltrexone-acamprosate therapy is not significantly better than MM-naltrexone therapy. However, considering cost and cost-effectiveness, MM-naltrexone-acamprosate therapy may be a better choice, depending on whether the cost of the incremental increase in effectiveness is justified by the decision maker.
Seasonal changes in radiation and evaporation implied from the diurnal distribution of rainfall in the Lower Mekong

Solar radiation is an important input to many empirical equations for estimating evaporation, which in turn plays an important role in the hydrologic cycle in the Lower Mekong River Basin due to the high evaporation potential of the tropical monsoon climate. Few proper meteorological data exist for the Lower Mekong River Basin, however, and the region's meteorological conditions, including seasonal variation in radiation and evaporation, have not been clarified. In this study, ground‐based hourly hydrometeorological data were collected at three observation stations located in different land‐use types (urban district, paddy area, and lake) in the Lower Mekong River Basin. These data were analysed to investigate the seasonal variation in radiation and evaporation related to the diurnal distribution of rainfall. Contrary to common expectations, our results showed that rainy and dry seasons had nearly the same amount of solar radiation in the Lower Mekong River Basin because (1) rainy seasons had a relatively larger amount of extraterrestrial radiation; (2) no rain fell on nearly half of the days during rainy seasons; and (3) the amount of solar radiation on rainy days reached 88% of that on non‐rainy days. The third factor was attributed to the high frequency of evening rainfall. Furthermore, this rainfall–radiation relationship meant that rainy seasons had a large amount of net radiation due to the low reduction ratio of solar radiation and an increase in long‐wave incoming radiation. Accordingly, rainy seasons had a high evaporation potential. Moreover, for the rain‐fed rice paddies that prevail in this region, sufficient radiation during the rainy season would be a great advantage for rice growing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the origin of reverse polarity TCRs

Reverse polarity, or South‐then‐North (SN) bipolar, traveling compression regions (SN TCRs) are often observed in the Earth's magnetotail lobes. These events have been interpreted as either slowly earthward propagating “proto‐plasmoids” during extremely quiet geomagnetic conditions, or due to pressure pulses in the solar wind or magnetosheath compressing the magnetotail. This study presents a survey of 21 IMP 8 observations of SN TCRs and the corresponding solar wind pressure conditions as measured by WIND. We found that solar wind or magnetosheath pressure pulses nicely explain most (17), though not all, of the SN TCR observations. Therefore, it appears that both explanations previously given are needed to explain SN TCRs. We also found that most of these events occurred during northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) conditions. This suggests that the magnetotail may respond differently to solar wind dynamic pressure pulses for different orientations of the IMF.