Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Image transmission in UAV MIMO UWB-OSTBC system over Rayleigh channel using multiple description coding (MDC)

Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (OSTBC) and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication system are new techniques with high performance that have many applications in wireless telecommunications. This chapter presents an image transfer technique for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in a UWB system using a hybrid structure of the MIMO-OSTBC wireless environment in multiple description coding (MDC) deals. MDC technique for image transmission is a new approach in which there is no record of it so far. This ensures that in the packet loss scenario due to channel errors, images with acceptable quality with no need for retransmission can be reconstructed. The proposed system is implemented using a different number of transmitter and receiver antennas UAV. Assuming a Rayleigh model for the communication channels, the MDC image transmission performance is compared with single description coding (SDC). Experimental results confirm that the proposed hybrid method has better performance than the SDC.
THERMALLY INDUCED GELATION OF THE 12s RAPESEED GLYCOPROTEIN

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and rheological characterization were used to study gelation of the 12s rapeseed glycoprotein. Dispersions at pH 4 readily self-associated on heating with gelation at 4.5% protein concentration and measurable thickening at 1% protein. The SEM studies revealed a progression in three dimensional ordering and a decrease in pore size as pH was increased from 6 to 10. At pH 4, the gel was amorphous and readily reverted to a sol. Gel strength was affected by changes in pH and sodium chloride concentration, the strongest gels being formed at high pH and ionic strength. Aging the dispersion in the cold prior to thermally induced gelation increased apparent viscosity. Urea and dithiothreitol had little effect on gelation although 0.15M dithiothreitol gels were less elastic in nature, suggesting intermolecular disulfide bonding may have a role in matrix formation. Selective reduction alkylation prevented gelation but the content of e-amino groups of lysine was unchanged indicating that modification of some other functional group essential for gelation had preferentially occurred. Gel formation in the rapeseed protein system is obviously a complex phenomenon which may involve covalent, ionic, disulfide, hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding. The presence of a high level of carbohydrate (12.9%) suggests the possibility of protein-carbohydrate interaction during gel formation.
Drivers of lowland rain forest community assembly, species diversity and forest structure on islands in the tropical South Pacific

1. Testing the comparative strength and influence of age and area of islands, proximity of source propagules and disturbances on community assembly, species diversity and vegetation structure has proved difficult at large scales. The little‐studied rain forests in the Tropical South Pacific (TSP) provide a unique study area to investigate determinants of community dynamics, with islands varying in age, isolation, area and cyclone frequency. We tested the effects of biogeographical factors and cyclone frequency on the species composition, species diversity and forest structure of old‐growth rain forest using 1‐ha inventory plots on 12 islands between New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
Revisiting Assumptions that Underlie Estimates of Proportional Entrainment of Delta Smelt by State and Federal Water Diversions from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

The delta smelt is a small, endemic fish that resides in the upper San Francisco Estuary. They are listed under state and federal Endangered Species Acts. Since 2002, their abundance has been at record low levels. Delta smelt are entrained at state (Banks) and federal (Jones) pumping plants that export water to much of California. Export cutbacks to limit entrainment have been controversial, making delta smelt arguably the most important fish in California. Kimmerer (2008) published the first estimates of proportional entrainment (mortality relative to population size) of delta smelt at the water export pumping plants, improving on previous estimates of absolute numbers entrained. This paper comments on Kimmerer’s estimates, which ranged from 0% to 40% annually with considerable uncertainty reflecting the challenge in estimating the distribution and numbers of this scarce fish. Kimmerer’s high estimates in some recent years and his conclusion that entrainment effects could be episodically important are counter to a lack of statistically significant correlation between entrainment and subsequent abundance. Analysis herein justifies estimates of lower proportional entrainment than suggested by Kimmerer. Based on alternative assumptions, his highest annual estimates of adult proportional entrainment would have been no more than 13% and could even be in the range of 5% to 10%. Most adjustments resulting from alternative assumptions underlying high estimates of larval-juvenile proportional entrainment cannot be quantified. However, it is argued here that eight of ten key assumptions underlying those estimates resulted in upward bias. Lower estimates of proportional entrainment would be consistent with the lack of statistically significant relationships between entrainment and subsequent abundance in previous studies and suggest that assessment of the importance of entrainment awaits additional analyses that narrow uncertainty. Findings of detection problems with adult and larval-juvenile surveys suggest adding more stations and other adjustments to resolve these problems.
INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF THE FLIGHT POTENTIAL OF IPS SEXDENTATUS BOERN. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN RELATION TO DAY OF EMERGENCE, SEX, SIZE, AND LIPID CONTENT

Abstract Individual variability in the flight potential of Ips sexdentatus Boern. was investigated using flight mill experiments. Non-flyer status and flight durations were studied in relation to day of emergence, sex, pronotum width, dried body weight (after lipid ether extraction), and lipid content estimate. Lipid content estimation was determined in beetles reared on the same trees and under identical conditions as the flight test insects.The four flight-tested cohorts showed that approximately one-third were non-flyers. The distribution of individual flight durations was described by a log-normal curve. Consequently, the dispersal variability within the population could be fitted to a linear model on a log-probit scale. The concept of FD50 (flight duration 50), defined as the flight duration of 50% of a sample population, was used to describe population flight potential.There was no significant correlation between the individual flight duration and the day of emergence, sex, body size or weight, or lipid content estimate. A significant positive correlation was recorded between the different classes of flyer (i.e. non-, short, long, and very long flyers) and the average lipid content estimate. It was hypothesized that (1) a minimum threshold fuel supply was necessary to initiate the dispersal flight and (2) fuel supply could result in dispersal tendencies representing a specific response to habitat constraints. Résumé La variabilité individuelle du potentiel de vol de Ips sexdentatus Boern. est analysée au laboratoire en utilisant des manèges de vol. L’incapacité de vol et la durée de vol sont étudiées en fonction du jour d’émergence, du sexe, de la largeur du pronotum, du poids sec (après extraction des lipides à l’éther) et d’une estimation de la teneur en lipides des insectes.Environ un tiers des insectes testés sur manège se sont révélés incapables de voler. La distribution des durées de vol des individus d’une même population suit une loi log normale. Elle peut être décrite par un modèle linéaire en coordonnées log-probit. Le concept de DV50 (durée de vol 50), défini comme la durée de vol pouvant être accomplie par 50% de la population, est alors utilisé pour décrire le potentiel de vol de cette population.Aucune corrélation significative n’a pu être établie entre la durée de vol d’un individu et son jour d’émergence, son sexe, sa taille, son poids ou sa teneur en lipide. Regroupés en quatre classes de durée de vol (durée nulle, courte, longue et très longue), les scolytides présentent en moyenne des teneurs en lipides significativement différentes. Une quantité minimum de réserves énergétiques serait donc nécessaire pour initier le vol de dispersion et l’importance de ces réserves déterminerait l’ampleur du potentiel de déplacement.
Long-term compliance to continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with severe sleep apnea syndrome

Giris ve Amac: Kompliyans, hastanin tedaviye baslama kararindan sonra surekli pozitif havayolu basinci (CPAP) tedavisine uymasidir. Bu calismanin amaci, genis bir hasta populasyonunda CPAP tedavisine uyumu degerlendirmektir ve sonuclar literatur isiginda CPAP tedavisine uzun vadeli uyumu vurgulamak amaciyla 5 yillik takip suresinden sonra sunulmustur. Gerec ve Yontem: CPAP cihazi alamayan veya duzenli kontrollere katilamayan hastalar calismaya alinmadi ve kalan 174 hasta calismaya dahil edildi. 5 yilin sonunda hastalar geri cagrildi. Toplam 110 hasta, cizelgeleri gozden gecirilmis 110 hasta (79 erkek, 31 kadin) icin uygunluk kriterlerini karsilamistir. Bulgular: Calismaya katilan 110 kisiden 50'si (%45,5) duzenli olarak ≥4 saat CPAP cihazi kullanmis ve geri kalan 60 (%54,5) hasta duzenli olarak CPAP cihazi kullanmamistir. 5 yilin sonunda hastalarin %36,4'unun cihazi gece 4 saat kullandigini tespit ettik. AHI siddeti cihaza uyumu ve uyum oranlarini etkilemez (2 = 2,743; p = 0,254). Sonuc: Hastalarin CPAP cihazina uyum oranlari literaturle uyumlu bulunmustur. Bu calisma, daha uzun sure takip edilen daha genis bir hasta populasyonunu kapsamasi bakimindan literaturdeki diger ilgili calismalardan daha fazla onem tasimaktadir.
The bryophyte diaspore bank and its role after small‐scale disturbance in a boreal forest

The composition of the bryophyte diaspore bank in an old-growth Picea abies forest was studied before and after experimental disturbance of forest-floor patches. 40 species, both hepatics and mosses, emerged from spores, and probably also from gemmae and moss fragments, in greenhouse cultivations of soil samples. The three most abundant taxa were Pohlia nutans, Sphagnum spp. and Polytrichum commune/longisetum. Initially, the number of species from the diaspore bank in mineral soil, 9.9 species/sample, was higher than that in humus, 6.6. Four years after the disturbance took place, the reverse was found. Several species that are typical colonisers of disturbed soil were very common in the diaspore bank. By contrast, some of the most abundant forest floor species appeared to be absent. The diaspore bank of bryophytes appears to play a role similar to that of the seed bank in vascular plants: (1) it allows species to survive unfavourable periods (temporal dispersal); (2) it facilitates rapid colonisation after disturbance; (3) it influences the post-disturbance species composition and diversity. The results emphasise that the understanding of vegetation succession patterns is, to a large extent, dependent on quantitative data on the relative importance of spatial and temporal dispersal.
Gene Effects for Yield and Yield Components in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Irrigated and Rainfed Conditions

Seven genetically diverse parents of chickpea were crossed in five combinations (RSG-895 x RSG-888, RSG-888 x ICC-4958, IPC-94-94 x RSG-888, CSJD-901 x RSG-931 and BG-362 x RSG-931) to develop F 1 , F 2 and F 3 hybrid progenies. Five generations viz., P 1 , P 2 , F 1 , F 2 and F 3 were grown in a compact family block design under irrigated and rainfed conditions to estimate the gene effects for yield and yield components. Scaling test ‘C’ and ‘D’ as well as joint scaling test revealed presence of epistatic in all the crosses for all the characters studied viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, fruiting branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant, harvest index, 100-seed weight and protein content under both the conditions. Both main effects additive (d) and dominance (h) were important for all the characters in all the crosses under both the conditions except 100-seed weight, where only additive effect was found important. Both additive x additive (i) and dominance x dominance (l) interaction effects were also important for all the characters in all the crosses under both the conditions except 100-seed weight, where only additive x additive interaction was found important. Generally, the magnitudes of dominance (h) and dominance x dominance (l) were prevailed over additive (d) and additive x additive (i) effects, respectively. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed in all the cases, where epistasis was established. Thus, it can be concluded that additive, dominance, additive x additive (i) and dominance x dominance (l) effects contributed significantly to the inheritance of various component characters in chickpea under both irrigated and rainfed conditions. These results implies the use of recurrent selection by way of intermating the desirable segregants followed by selection or biparental approach/intermating of segregants in early segregating generations for improvement of these components characters in chickpea under both the conditions.
Probiotic applications for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum): I. Effects on growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal microbiota and related health criteria.

The effect of dietary probiotics (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Enterococcus faecium) used singularly and synergistically on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota and health status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) were assessed after 10 weeks feeding on supplemented diets. No significant improvements of weight gain or specific growth rate were observed in the probiotic fed groups. However, a significant improvement of feed conversion ratio was observed in the group fed E. faecium. High levels of probiotic species were observed in the posterior gastrointestinal tract as transient digesta-associated populations and potentially resident mucosal populations. Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis levels accounted for 36% of the total culturable microbial population adhered to the mucosa and 62% in the digesta. E. faecium levels accounted for 45% of the mucosal population and 89% of the population in the digesta. An increase of serum lysozyme activity was observed in the fish fed diets containing the Bacillus probionts and elevated leukocyte levels were observed in fish fed diets containing Bacillus + E. faecium synergistically. The results of the current study demonstrate potential for B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and E. faecium to improve feed utilization, modulate intestinal microbiota and the health status of rainbow trout.
Effect and enlightenment of rehabilitation medicine in COVID-19 management.

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease characterized by lung damage and involvement in multiple tissues and organs in the whole body. Some of the patients may have long-term impairment and dysfunctions, including pulmonary fibrosis, heart, liver, kidney, nerve and immune system. Rehabilitation has certain beneficial effect in the acute stage, and especially in the recovery stage, including improving respiratory function, exercise endurance, self-care in daily living activities, as well as psychological support, etc. Rehabilitation is not offside or absent. A reasonable rehabilitation program needs scientific research to avoid arbitrary conclusions.
Morphology and phylogenetic interpretation of a new Cambrian edrioasteroid (Echinodermata) from Spain

Abstract: The edrioasteroid, Aragocystites belli gen. nov. sp. nov. from the middle Cambrian Murero Formation of Spain, is described based on a small number of very well‐preserved specimens. Important anatomical characteristics include star‐shaped and pseudoclavate theca, rare or absent epispires, well‐developed interradially positioned oral plates and several unorganized cover plates associated with each widely exposed flooring plate. A phylogenetic analysis including several Cambro–Ordovician species shows it is more derived than Stromatocystites and Totiglobus but is a sister group to a clade comprising Cambraster and Edriodiscus. Ontogenetic observations based on juveniles of 5 mm in diameter suggest that this species changed thecal shape markedly during growth. A. belli gen. nov. sp. nov. probably lived in quiet environments where it attached directly to the sea floor on stabilized substrates.
Climate change and the fate of cereal aphids in Southern Britain

Climate change will drive dramatic changes in the abundance and distribution of species. Assessing the impacts of climate change on our agricultural systems is essential for mitigation planning. Here, I combine projections from the UK Hadley Centre's HadRM03 climate change model for Southern Britain with a general mechanistic model of the interaction between climate, temperate grass physiology and cereal aphid population dynamics. Aphids are one of the largest and most important groups of crop pests and disease vectors worldwide but particularly in temperate regions. The model predicts an increasingly dramatic decline in cereal aphid abundance from the 1961 to 1990 baseline with increasing CO2 emissions: low emissions=−5%, medium low=−12%, medium high=−61%, and high=−92%. Of the six climate variables used in the model, changes in temperature and rainfall were the most important across all emissions scenarios and, counter‐intuitively, the direct impact of elevated CO2 actually declines as emissions increase. The results suggest that the pest status of cereal aphids in Southern Britain will significantly decline by the end of this century.
Complexity as a Proxy for Risk when Evaluating Derivative Securities

The overall market for derivative securities is often estimated as more than ten times the World’s GDP and many decry the complexity of derivatives as a main contributor to the subprime financial crisis. In this paper, we investigate whether and why complexity is used as a proxy for risk when evaluating derivatives. We conduct three laboratory experiments to show a robust effect consistent with investors and managers taking complexity as a proxy for risk and deeming more complex, but equally risky, derivatives as worse for risk minimization. We also provide evidence that the effect is driven by negative perceptions (i.e., affect) regarding derivatives. Altogether, our results shed light on how derivatives are evaluated and suggest an important potential source of misinterpretations of disclosures provided under US GAAP (ASC 815-10-50).
Effect of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (Boostin-250) on Blood Metabolites and Milk Yield of Lactating Buffaloes

In order to investigate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on blood metabolites and milk yield of lactating buffaloes, 30 lactating buffaloes after acclimatization for 30 days were divided into 2 groups as control (n=10) and experimental (n=20). Animals were injected 250mg of rbST (Boostin-250) on 0, 14 th and 28 th day subcutaneously at ischiorectal fosse, where as control animals were given placebo of 2 ml normal saline. Fortnightly blood samples were collected from 15 days prior to 60 days post injection to estimate different blood metabolites. Daily milk yield was recorded and weekly average yield of each animal was calculated. From this study, it was found that blood metabolites such as glucose, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, globulin and electrolytes like sodium and potassium were not altered by rbST injection. However, there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration in experimental group as compared to that of control group. The weekly average milk yield was significantly (p<0.001) higher (25%) in rbST injected group over the control group. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 9 : 1232-1235)
Nitrate leaching from cut grassland as affected by the substitution of slurry with nitrogen mineral fertilizer on two soil types

A field experiment was conducted to find out whether there is any difference in risk of N leaching to groundwater when cattle slurry and/or mineral fertilizer-N was applied to cut grassland. The experiment was carried out over two consecutive years on two sites (one with a relatively wet sandy soil and one with a relatively dry sandy soil). Treatments were mineral fertilizer-N at annual rates of 0–510 kg N ha-1 year-1 and combinations of sod-injected cattle slurry (85, 170, 250 and 335 kg N ha-1 year-1) and mineral fertilizer-N (289, 238, 190 and 139 kg N ha-1 year-1). Yield responses indicated that in the short run, 0·44–0·88 (average 0·60) of the slurry-N was as available as mineral fertilizer-N. The total N input from mineral fertilizer and slurry was a worse predictor of nitrate leaching ( 0·11) than the N surplus (i.e. the difference between total N input and harvested N) ( 0·60). The effective N surplus, based on the difference between the summed inputs of the plant-available N and harvested N, proved to be the best indicator of leaching ( 0·86). Annual N application rates of up to 340 kg plant-available N ha-1 complied with the target nitrate concentration in groundwater of 11·3 mg N L-1 set by the European Union in both years on the wet sandy soil, whereas on the dry sandy soil none of the treatments did.
A multi-perspective analysis of dissemination, etiology, clinical view and therapeutic approach for binge eating disorder (BED).

Eating disorders (ED) constitute the third most common group of chronic diseases among people aged 14-19 years after asthma and obesity, and one of their forms is binge eating disorder (BED). The purpose of the present review was to summarize new research findings on BED and overview the epidemiology, characteristics, criteria, etiopathogenesis, and treatment. Etiopathogenesis of BED is still poorly understood, and the current state of knowledge leads to the conclusion that the pathomechanism of the development and persistence of the symptoms of that disorder is very complicated - factors influencing these symptoms have a genetic, neurobiological, biochemical, cognitive, and emotional background. Treatment targeted at selected pathogenetic mechanisms - i.a. , disturbance in the corticostriatal circuit, neurohormonal dysregulation or incorrect regulation of emotions - may be of help for people with binge eating disorder. Often comorbid mental, e.g., mood, anxiety and personality disorders, psychoactive substance abuse, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, and somatic problems are particularly crucial in the context of primary care physicians and psychiatrists work and should encourage the expanding knowledge about BED and the creation of interdisciplinary therapeutic teams.