Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-energy diet does not overcome the negative impact of conjugated linoleic acid on young broiler performance

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation in diets with different energy levels in broiler performance. Birds were offered a starter (1-21 d), grower (22-35 d) and finisher (36-42 d) diets; wherein soybean oil was replaced by CLA. The study consisted of a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with two CLA levels (0 and 1%) and three energy levels (3050, 3100 and 3150 ME kg diet). During the grower and finisher periods, birds were fed diets with same energy level and CLA supplementation was maintained the same. Growth performance was assessed weekly, and carcass and cuts yield were assessed at 42d. Interaction effect of CLA by energy level was observed in broiler performance and carcass yield throughout the study (p > 0.05). During the overall period (1-42 d) broiler performance was not affected by CLA (p > 0.05). However, CLA supplementation (1%) decreased weight gain (p < 0.05) at 21d, regardless of energy level, with no effects on feed intake and feed conversation rate (p > 0.05). The increase in dietary energy was not able to compensate the negative effect on growth performance of broilers supplemented with 1% CLA at the starter period.
An Influential Technological Assistance: Consulting English Monolingual Dictionary Application in Evaluating Student’s English Writing

This research was aimed to describe English Monolingual Dictionary Application, time to consult it, reasons to consult, and the advantages of consulting it in evaluating student’s English writing.The method of this study used descriptive qualitative and two kinds of instruments: interview and documentation. There were three teachers being interviewed. This research resulted that they consulted Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary (OALD) 9 th edition and Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE) 6 th edition available on their own mobile phones. The teachers agreed that they must have consulted their English Monolingual Dictionary Application every time they found unfamiliar words during teaching academic writing especially during evaluating student’s writing. They consulted their English Monolingual Dictionary Application in view of some factors; to confirm meaning, to check spelling, to check the examples of sentences, to check word classes, meaning, and to know whether the words used were grammatically applied well or not and to find synonym for paraphrase. The results of the research suggested that teachers consulted English Monolingual Dictionary Application because this dictionary provided so much help to support teaching in the class especially when evaluating student’s writing product.
Arbitrage in the Market for Cryptocurrencies

Recent literature has documented substantial arbitrage opportunities in markets for cryptocurrencies. Given these rather surprising findings, we re-examine the exchange rates of four cryptocurrencies on 21 exchanges with data from October 2018 to June 2019. Our results first provide evidence that price differences exist based on our created arbitrage indices, however, at only a fraction of values reported in previous literature. We then analyze the drivers of these price differences, identifying exchange-specific factors to have the most important role. Based on this, we test actual arbitrage strategies for specific cryptocurrency and fiat currency pairs, finding, in contrast to previous literature, that arbitrage opportunities hardly exist.
Face-Saving Strategies Increase Self-Reported Non-Compliance with COVID-19 Preventive Measures: Experimental Evidence from 12 Countries

Studies of citizens’ compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures routinely rely on survey data. While essential, public health restrictions provide clear signals of what is socially desirable in this context, creating a potential source of response bias in self- reported measures of compliance. In this research, we examine whether the results of a face-saving-strategy that was recently proposed by Daoust et al. (2020) to loosen this constraint are generalizable across twelve countries, and whether the treatment effect varies across subgroups. Our findings show that the face-saving strategy is a very useful tool in every country included, increasing respondents’ proclivity to report non- compliance by 9 to 16 percentage points. This effect holds for different subgroups based on gender, age and education. We conclude that the inclusion of this strategy should be the new standard for survey research that aims to provide crucial data on the current pandemic.
Craft Specialization in Administration in Pre- and Protodynastic Egypt

Administration in Egypt is one of the key areas of research, which reflects on the organization of the government and the complexity of The Centralized Economy as well as of Society. Its evidence almost entirely depends on textual evidence that contains information about the titles and hierarchy of officials, their responsibilities and administrative units, and the nature of the bureaucratic transactions involved. Therefore, at the most basic level, administration deals with the recording of bureaucratic processes in the form of written records (Köhler 2010: 41). In addition, Bureaucracy/ administration is one of the parameters of Statehood in Predynastic Egypt. It is the most rational known means of exercising authority and its administrative apparatus are well represented in Preand Protodynastic Egypt by Various artifacts (Anđelković 2008: 1048).
Modeling of CO2 Solubility in Selected Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids

This study explores the use of COSMO-RS model and Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EoS) to predict the solubility of carbon dioxide (CO2) in specific ionic liquids (ILs). COSMO-RS was employed to estimate of CO2 solubility at atmospheric pressure in eight imidazolium-based ILs resulting from the combination of ethyl, butyl, hexyl, and octyl-imidazolium cations with two anions: bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Tf2N]) and Trifluoromethanesulfonate ([TFO]). The results indicated relatively acceptable qualitative consistency between the experimental and predicted values. The PR EoS was employed at high pressure by tuning the interaction parameters to fit the experimental data reported in the literature. The model demonstrated excellent accuracy in predicting the solubility of CO2 at pressure values less than the critical pressure of CO2; however, at higher pressures, the calculated solubility diverged from the experimental values. Furthermore, the type of anion and cation used in the IL affected the performance of the PR EoS.
Promoting Health Worker Safety; A Priority for Patient Safety during COVID -19 Pandemic and Beyond

Background: As per World Health Organization, health workers accounted for over 1 4 million COVID-19 infections globally This paper attempts to identify key risk factors for health worker infections in India, describe its impact on their wellbeing and the health systems, and derive lessons from other country experiences, that could be adapted to Indian context for strengthening health workers safety and preparing health systems for future waves Methods: A systematic review of existing published articles, government and media reports was undertaken Online databases-MEDLINE, EMBASE, PUBMED and Google Scholar were searched using key terms related to COVID-19 infections in health workers Thirty-four papers were included dependent on their relevance to research objectives Conclusions: The key risk factors for health workers infection were;unsafe exposure to patients infected with COVID-19, lack of adequate personal protective equipment, and suboptimal infection prevention and control measures and compliance Health workers infection has impacted their health and psychosocial wellbeing and diminished healthcare system capacity to provide safe and effective healthcare Safeguarding the health workers is critical, and requires multifaceted approach for strengthening infection prevention and control measures and supplies, strategic workforce planning, dedicated policies and capacity building interventions
Insights into the Therapeutic of Glucocorticoid for Refractory Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of different doses of glucocorticoid for refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children, analyze the clinical characteristics in different groups of patients, and explore the factors related to affect illness severity for children with refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and guide the dosage of glucocorticoids.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 279 children with refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia hospitalized in our hospital between September 2018 and October 2019. 23 children were excluded, the remaining 256 children were divided into three subgroups: Group I was not given methylprednisolone (n=75), group II (n=115) was given methylprednisolone ≤125mg/d, and group III was given methylprednisolone >125mg/d (n=66). The clinical features, laboratory data, radiological manifestations between three subgroups of children were compared, relevant indicators with meaningful were used for ROC curve and multiple logistic regression analysis, and the optimal values of related factors were analyzed.Results The median age and median weight of the group III were greater than the group II（P <0.05）, the median age and median weight of the group I were greater than the group II（P <0.05）, there was no statistical significance in median age and median weight between group III and group I（P>0.05）. The group II is more serious than that of group I, and group III is more serious than that of group II, higher incidence of hypoxemia, longer fever, longer hospital stays, higher incidence of extrapulmonary complications, and more severe of radiological findings (P <0.05). The more severe presentation of disease, hormones dosage was larger, the use rate of gamma globulin was higher, the use rate of bronchoscopy was higher, and higher incidence of plastic bronchitis (P <0.05). Meanwhile, WBC, CRP, LDH, FER, D-D dimer, APTT, PLT, PCT, IL-6, ALT and the percentage of neutrophils in the three groups showed a gradual upward trend (P <0.05). In ROC curve analysis, WBC, neutrophils percentage, CRP, LDH, Fer, PCT and IL-6 can be used to distinguish RMPP with different severity and to guide the dosage of glucocorticoids. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LDH 424.5IU/L, PCT 0.145ng/ml, IL-6 26.69pg/ml and lung consolidation were significant predictors for the severity of RMPP and glucocorticoids dose.Conclusions LDH 424.5IU/L, PCT 0.145 ng/ml, IL-6 26.69pg/ml and pulmonary consolidation as markers of disease severity in patients with RMPP and the dosage of glucocorticoids, which can aid in early recognition of children with severe illness, use appropriate doses of hormones, and reduce sequelae.
Standard Costing and Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

Standard costing is one of the traditional management accounting practices that has been considered irrelevant in the 21st century business environment on the ground that its information is not relevant for managers’ planning and control decision. This study examined whether the manufacturing companies in Nigeria are still practicing the techniques or not, and what is its effect on performance. We sent structured questionnaire to the management accountants of 200 manufacturing firms but received 130 useful responses. The descriptive analysis shows that manufacturing companies in Nigeria are still using standard costing techniques, and the regression results indicate that standard costing for sales and Direct labour have positive effect on performance, while the Direct material standard costing and overhead standard costing have negative effect. However, only the effect of Sales standard costing was statistically significant. We recommend that managers of manufacturing firms in Nigeria should selectively use standard costing as the situations arise.
Manager Growth Mindset and Resource Management Practices

We study the relation between a manager’s growth mindset and their use of resource management practices. Growth mindset is based on implicit person theory and is an established and measurable psychological construct. It refers to a person’s deeply held beliefs about whether, in general, people can learn, develop, and change throughout their lives or whether “who they are” is relatively fixed by initial talent endowments (termed a ‘fixed mindset’). Given the demonstrated importance of a growth mindset for educational outcomes and the emerging research studying the influence of mindset on behavior within organizations, we explore whether school principals’ mindset is associated with their resource management practices. Using survey and archival data from 257 primary and secondary school principals, we find that a growth mindset is associated with greater use of budgets to explain and discuss budget variances with key constituents and as an enabler in their managerial role. Principals with a growth mindset also engage in fundraising activities and use non-financial rewards for their teachers significantly more than fixed mindset principals. We also find that the relations between a principal’s mindset and some of these practices are different depending on the school’s performance context.
Mental Health Status of Stable Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Main COVID-19 Hospitals in Malaysia

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is catastrophic and caused negative psychological effects among patients, healthcare workers and their surroundings. This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression and general anxiety disorders (GAD) among stable hospitalized COVID-19 patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study via web-based online survey involving 401 patients in the main COVID-19 hospitals in Malaysia who were selected via quota sampling. The questionnaire consists of socio-demographic profile, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorders 7 items (GAD-7) and Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced). The identified probable cases of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation were subsequently referred to psychiatrists.ResultThe prevalence of depression and anxiety were 7.5% and 7.0%, respectively. Besides that, 4.0% of respondents were suspected as having suicidal ideation. The prediction model revealed that females [aOR=5.29 (95% CI: 1.34, 20.80)], age 35-49 years old [aOR=7.47 (95% CI: 1.78, 31.30)], adopting behavioral disengagement [aOR=1.94 (95% CI: 1.31, 2.87)] and self-blame [aOR= 1.74 (95% CI: 1.31, 2.30)] as coping strategies, were significant predictors of depression. ConclusionsThe findings estimate the mental health burden among COVID-19 patients in Malaysia. The establishment of continuous mental health surveillance is essential in managing cases of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation.
OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU TANISI İLE YAŞAMAK: AİLELERİN DENEYİMLERİ

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication in addition to repetitive restricted behaviors, is increasing globally. Increased caretaking demands of children diagnosed with ASD, thereby increased responsibilities of their parents may put a burden on each family member and their whole familial experiences. This study aimed to explore the effects of ASD diagnosis from the perspective of whole family life in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the experience of ASD. Method: Semi-structured interviews were made with 19 mothers having a preschool-aged child diagnosed with ASD. Then the data were coded by a thematic analysis method. Results: The results of this study revealed the unfavorable effects of ASD diagnosis on interpersonal relationships, social life, and work life of participants. Moreover, the challenges faced by the child diagnosed with ASD and their parents in daily life, school life, and while receiving care in medical settings were identified. Conclusion: Since the current study provides an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by families raising a child with ASD, results of this study would be beneficial for service providers and health policymakers to provide a better support to the children with ASD and their families.
Extensive nitrogen removal in a new type of airlift reactor

A new type of CIRCOX® airlift reactor was started-up treating anaerobically pre-treated potato-processing waste water. This type of airlift reactor with biofilms on carrier is an airlift reactor extended with an anoxic compartment to obtain total nitrogen removal. This type of reactor was designed in the early nineties and was tested successfully at pilot-scale on brewery and municipal waste water. The 3 m3 pilot reactor was scaled-up to a size of 130 m3. Both the hydraulics and the biological performance were studied. High liquid velocities and equal concentrations of sludge throughout the whole reactor, indicated that the system was well mixed. Up to 5 kg COD/m3/day was removed. Ammonia was almost completely removed (up to 1.0 kg NH4–N/ m3/day in the aerated compartment). The denitrification efficiency was over 90%. The NOX–N concentration in the effluent never exceeded 6 mg/l. The biofilm layers were extremely dense: 30 g/l of VSS with a sludge volume of 220 ml/l. Therefore the particles had high settling velocities and could easily be retained in the reactor. It can be concluded that this new technology has been scaled-up successfully. With this an aerobic technology is available in which extended treatment and nitrogen removal are accomplished in a very compact system.
Time to Reperfusion Therapies in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Identification of Factors Responsible for Delays

Delay in initiation of reperfusion therapy (thrombolysis or primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) has been shown to be the detrimental factor of worsened outcome from ST elevated acute myocardia infarction. The data on the actual delay in initiation of reperfusion therapy in India is sparse. This study was designed to assess the various factors responsible for the delays in starting reperfusion therapy in patients presenting with ST elevated acute myocardial infarction. The results of this study indicate that a large portion of the delay was prehospital delay from the onset of angina pain to patient visiting the hospital. Factors responsible for this delay, which are totally preventable, were difficulty in arranging transport, lack of patient education and late recognition of symptom or its severity. This study also noted that there was a significant delay in hospital-door to ECG and hospital-door to thrombolytic or balloon angioplasty as well. Understandably, higher literacy level in urban patients (78.6%) played a major role in urban patients coming to hospital for treatment more than their rural counterparts.
Combination Analysis of NR3C1, MTHFR and IGFBP3 Gene Polymorphisms and DNA Methylation With Steroid-induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Risk in Chinese Han Population 

Background: Although the precise etiology of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) has yet to be fully elucidated, it is known that nuclear receptor subfamily3, group C, member 1 (NR3C1), 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) are related to the pathophysiology of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH). The expression of NR3C1, MTHFR and IGFBP3 are regulated by epigenetics and genetic profiles. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to investigated the association between NR3C1, MTHFR and IGFBP3 gene polymorphisms and DNA methylation status and SONFH.Methods: This case-control study included 79 patients with SONFH and 114 patients who took steroids but did not develop SONFH. We evaluated 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) out of 3 genes in Chinese Han population. These SNPs were genotyped by improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR). Methyltarget was used to test the methylation level of positive sites, the interaction between SNPs and DNA methylation level was analyzed using eQTLD technique.Results: We identified rs3110697 in the IGFBP3 gene that was potentially associated with a reduced risk of SONFH in the genotype (P=0.008; odds ratio [OR]: 0.741; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.456–1.205) and in the recessive model (P=0.003; OR: NA; 95% CI: NA–NA). Furthermore, CpG sites with significant differences in methylation levels were screened as follows: IGFBP3_2-143, MTHFR_1-36, MTHFR_1-77, MTHFR_1-139, MTHFR_2-42, NR3C1_2-163, NR3C1_4-47, and the differences were statistically significant compared with the control group (p<0.05). A total of 10 pairs of linear regression tests of SNP and methylation sites were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: SONFH is a polygenic disorder in which a wide range of interactions between SNPs and DNA methylation levels may dominate the course of the disease.
Correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield and its contributing traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The present experiment was carried out with fifty bread wheat genotypes to estimate correlation coefficients between grain yield and its components and to determine their direct and indirect effects on grain yield using path coefficient analysis. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences for all the characters studied. Grain yield per plant had significant and positive correlation with grain weight per main spike, number of grains per main spike, biological yield per plant and harvest index at both the genotypic and phenotypic levels. Days to maturity had significant and positive correlation with grain yield per plant at genotypic level only. The phenotypic and genotypic path coefficient analysis revealed that the biological yield per plant and harvest index exhibited positive and appreciable direct effects on grain yield per plant. Therefore, more emphasis should be given to both these characters for improvement of grain yield in bread wheat through selection programme.
Direct Determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in Soybean and Corn by Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

A simple high-throughput liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) in soybean and corn using a reversed-phase with weak anion-exchange and cation-exchange mixed-mode Acclaim™ Trinity™ Q1 column. The method involved an alkaline hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide in order to convert all forms of 2,4-D into a salt form prior to extraction with acidified acetonitrile. The acetonitrile was salted out of the extract with sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate. The acetonitrile extract was diluted 1:1 with water and filtered before analysis by LC-MS/MS in a negative mode. Recoveries were evaluated at 10, 100, and 500 ng/g with seven replicates. Mean recovery ranged from 86 to 107% with relative standard deviation of less than 10%. Matrix suppression was not observed in this procedure; therefore, no internal standard was needed. The method was used successfully for the determination of 2,4-D in soybean and corn samples containing incurred residue. The procedure proved to be quick, accurate, precise, sensitive, and selective.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v04n02p009 (DOI assigned 7/3/2019)