Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Text Simplification Using Consumer Health Vocabulary to Generate Patient-Centered Radiology Reporting: Translation and Evaluation

Background Radiology reporting is a clinically oriented form of documentation that reflects critical information for patients about their health care processes. Realizing its importance, many medical institutions have started providing radiology reports in patient portals. The gain, however, can be limited because of medical language barriers, which require a way for customizing these reports for patients. The open-access, collaborative consumer health vocabulary (CHV) is a terminology system created for such purposes and can be the basis of lexical simplification processes for clinical notes. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the comprehensibility and suitability of CHV in simplifying radiology reports for consumers. This was done by characterizing the content coverage and the lexical similarity between the terms in the reports and the CHV-preferred terms. Methods The overall procedure was divided into the following two main stages: (1) translation and (2) evaluation. The translation process involved using MetaMap to link terms in the reports to CHV concepts. This is followed by replacing the terms with CHV-preferred terms using the concept names and sources table (MRCONSO) in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus. In the second stage, medical terms in the reports and general terms that are used to describe medical phenomena were selected and evaluated by comparing the words in the original reports with the translated ones. The evaluation includes measuring the content coverage, investigating lexical similarity, and finding trends in missing concepts. Results Of the 792 terms selected from the radiology reports, 695 of them could be mapped directly to CHV concepts, indicating a content coverage of 88.5%. A total of 51 of the concepts (53%, 51/97) that could not be mapped are names of human anatomical structures and regions, followed by 28 anatomical descriptions and pathological variations (29%, 28/97). In addition, 12 radiology techniques and projections represented 12% of the unmapped concepts, whereas the remaining six concepts (6%, 12/97) were physiological descriptions. The rate of lexical similarity between the CHV-preferred terms and the terms in the radiology reports was approximately 72.6%. Conclusions The CHV covered a high percentage of concepts found in the radiology reports, but unmapped concepts are associated with areas that are commonly found in radiology reporting. CHV terms also showed a high percentage of lexical similarity with terms in the reports, which contain a myriad of medical jargon. This suggests that many CHV terms might not be suitable for lay consumers who would not be facile with radiology-specific vocabulary. Therefore, further patient-centered content changes are needed of the CHV to increase its usefulness and facilitate its integration into consumer-oriented applications.
A Longitudinal Mode Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) Based on a Permanent Magnet Chain for Pipe Inspection

A new electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) design, employing a special structure of the permanent magnet chain, is proposed to generate and receive longitudinal guided waves for pipe inspection based on the magnetostriction mechanism. Firstly, a quantitative analysis of the excitation forces shows the influence of the radial component can be ignored. Furthermore, as the axial component of the static magnetic field is dominant, a method of solenoid testing coils connected in series is adopted to increase the signal amplitude. Then, two EMAT configurations are developed to generate and receive the L(0,2) guided wave mode. The experimental results show the circumferential notch can be identified and located successfully. Finally, a detailed investigation of the performance of the proposed EMATs is given. Compared to the conventional EMAT configuration, the proposed configurations have the advantages of small volume, light weight, easy installation and portability, which is helpful to improve inspection efficiency.
Partitioned Time Stepping for a Parabolic Two Domain Problem

There have been many numerical simulations but few analytical results of stability and accuracy of algorithms for computational modeling of fluid-fluid and fluid-structure interaction problems, where two domains corresponding to different fluids (ocean-atmosphere) or a fluid and deformable solid (blood flow) are separated by an interface. As a simplified model of the first examples, this report considers two heat equations in $\Omega_1,\Omega_2\subset\mathbb{R}^2$ adjoined by an interface $I=\Omega_1\cap\Omega_2\subset\mathbb{R}$. The heat equations are coupled by a condition that allows energy to pass back and forth across the interface $I$ while preserving the total global energy of the monolithic, coupled problem. To compute approximate solutions to the above problem only using subdomain solvers, two first-order in time, fully discrete methods are presented. The methods consist of an implicit-explicit approach, in which the action across $I$ is lagged, and a partitioned method based on passing interface values back and forth across $I$. Stability and convergence results are derived for both schemes. Numerical experiments that support the theoretical results are presented.
Racial / Ethnic Disparities in ART Adherence in the United States : Findings From the MACH 14 Study

Methods: Individual-level data were pooled from 13 US-based studies employing electronic drug monitoring to assess adherence. Adherence was operationalized as percent of prescribed doses taken from the first 12 (monthly) waves of data in each study. Depression symptoms were aggregated from several widely used assessments, and substance use was operationalized as any use of cocaine/ stimulants, heroin/opiates, ecstasy, hallucinogens, or sedatives in the 30–365 days preceding baseline.
PE File Header Analysis-Based Packed PE File Detection Technique (PHAD)

In order to conceal malware, malware authors use the packing and encryption techniques. If the malware is packed or encrypted, then it is very difficult to analyze. Therefore, to prevent the harmful effects of malware and to generate signatures for malware detection, the packed and encrypted executable codes must initially be unpacked. The first step of unpacking is to detect the packed executable files. In this paper, a packed file detection technique (PHAD) based on a PE header analysis is proposed. In many cases, to pack and unpack the executable codes, PE files have unusual attributes in their PE headers. In this paper, these characteristics are utilized to detect the packed files. a characteristic vector (CV) that consists of eight elements is defined, and the Euclidean distance (ED) of the CV is calculated. The EDs of the packed files are calculated and represent the base threshold for the detection of packed files.
NUTRIENTS DISTRIBUTION AND WATER QUALITY OF MESOTROPHIC DONGQIAN LAKE: A STUDY FOCUSED ON PHYTOPLANKTON, SEDIMENT AND PHOSPHORUS

Regarding eutrophication, phytoplankton, sediment and phosphorus are the most important elements of a lake ecosystem. In this study, the water column and sediment in Dongqian Lake were investigated for total phosphorus (TP), phosphorus species, total nitrogen (TN), TN:TP ratio. In addition, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in the water column was measured and treated as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass. There were significant differences between low and high biomass seasons for the investigated parameters' values. Considering the important role of phytoplankton dynamics and hydro-morphological factors, the analysis showed that: phytoplankton, wind disturbance, and organic matter may be the main factors affecting the water quality of Dongqian Lake; the growth of phytoplankton led to P release from the sediment, but not N release, lowering the TN:TP ratio; the growth of phytoplankton increased TP, particulate phosphorus, dissolved organic phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, and suspended solids phosphorus concentration in the water column, accounting for 56.8%, 41.6%, 22.0%, 13.3%, 48.3% of their variations, respectively; phytoplankton may be a source of non-reactive NaOH-extractable phosphorus and other organic phosphorus in the sediment, and influenced the vertical distribution of phosphorus. The horizontal distribution of phosphorus fractions in the sediment also appear to be influenced by the wind direction.
Weighted Rules under the Stable Model Semantics

We introduce the concept of weighted rules under the stable model semantics following the log-linear models of Markov Logic. This provides versatile methods to overcome the deterministic nature of the stable model semantics, such as resolving inconsistencies in answer set programs, ranking stable models, associating probability to stable models, and applying statistical inference to computing weighted stable models. We also present formal comparisons with related formalisms, such as answer set programs, Markov Logic, ProbLog, and P-log.
Role of Conventional Angiography in Evaluation of Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis Demonstrated by Doppler Ultrasound in General Practice

Background and Purpose— Previous studies have suggested that patients with carotid stenosis who are candidates for endarterectomy can be effectively identified on the basis of carotid Doppler ultrasound alone. Before widespread acceptance of this policy, the accuracy of carotid Doppler ultrasound outside selected centers and clinical trials needs to be evaluated. We performed a 12-month prospective study to evaluate the accuracy of Doppler ultrasound in identifying patients for carotid intervention in general practice settings. Methods— Each patient referred to our endovascular service for diagnostic angiography to evaluate for carotid stenosis was interviewed and examined by a neurologist. Subjects consisted of symptomatic patients with ≥50% stenosis and asymptomatic patients with ≥60% stenosis by Doppler ultrasound. Information pertaining to demographic and cerebrovascular risk factors and the results of the carotid Doppler ultrasound were recorded. The severity of stenosis on angiograms was measured with North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria by a blinded observer. The results of both studies were compared to determine the relative accuracy of ultrasound results. Results— Of 130 patients (mean age, 69±8.8 years) who met Doppler ultrasound criteria, 22 (17%) and 8 patients (6%) were found to have 30% to 49% or <30% stenosis by angiography, respectively. The positive predictive value of carotid Doppler ultrasound for identifying appropriate symptomatic candidates for carotid intervention (angiographic stenosis ≥50%) was 80%, with a false-positive value of 20%. The positive predictive value of carotid Doppler ultrasound for identifying appropriate asymptomatic candidates for carotid intervention (angiographic stenosis ≥60%) was 59%, with a false-positive value of 41%. Carotid endarterectomy or angioplasty and stent placement were undertaken subsequently in 60 (46%) of the patients. In 94 patients who underwent cerebral angiography alone, no complications were observed. Conclusions— The present accuracy of carotid Doppler ultrasound in general practice does not justify its use as the sole basis of selecting appropriate patients for carotid intervention. Given the relatively low rate of associated morbidity with present day techniques, additional confirmatory studies such as angiography should be performed in every patient before a decision regarding intervention is made.
Joint MAP estimation for blind deconvolution: when does it work?

Blind deconvolution aims at reconstructing an image from its blurred and noisy version, when the blur kernel is not known. It has been acknowledged that the naive maximum aposteriori probability (MAP) algorithm favors a no-blur solution [3]. In [8] the failure of the direct MAP approach is addressed and it is proved that a simultaneous MAP estimation of the image and the point spread function (PSF) fails, providing a trivial solution. In contrast, we show that an appropriate choice of PSF prior during joint MAP estimation does provide a non-trivial solution. We provide the feasible range for the PSF regularization factor which would prevent a trivial solution.
Grassmannian Predictive Coding for Limited Feedback in Multiple Antenna Wireless Systems

Limited feedback is a paradigm for the feedback of channel state information in wireless systems. In multiple antenna wireless systems, limited feedback usually entails quantizing a source that lives on the Grassmann manifold. Most work on limited feedback beamforming considered single-shot quantiza- tion. In wireless systems, however, the channel is temporally correlated, which can be used to reduce feedback require- ments. Unfortunately, conventional predictive quantization does not incorporate the non-Euclidean structure of the Grassmann manifold. In this paper, we propose a Grassmannian predictive coding algorithm where the differential geometric structure of the Grassmann manifold is used to formulate a predictive vector quantization encoder and decoder. We analyze the quantization error and derive bounds on the distortion attained by the proposed algorithm. We apply the algorithm to a multiuser multiple-input multiple-output wireless system and show that it improves the achievable sum rate as the temporal correlation of the channel increases.
Predator-Mediated Natural Selection on the Wings of the Damselfly Calopteryx splendens: Differences in Selection among Trait Types

Traits that increase mating success in males may come at a cost, such as an increased risk of predation. However, predator-mediated selection is challenging to document in natural populations, hampering our understanding of the trade-offs between sexual selection and predation. Here we report on a study of predator-mediated natural selection on wing traits in the damselfly Calopteryx splendens, the males of which possess conspicuous wing patches. Wagtails (genus Motacilla) are important avian predators of C. splendens, capturing them in flight and removing the wings prior to consumption. Using geometric morphometric techniques, we quantified the strength and mode of selection on wing traits by comparing wings from depredated individuals with the standing variation present in the population. Our results reveal that predator-mediated selection is stronger on secondary sexual characters than on size and shape, suggesting that traits related to flight performance are closer to their adaptive peaks. This could be a consequence of the long-term evolutionary association with avian predators, whereas stronger selection on conspicuous secondary sexual traits may reflect trade-offs between sexual and natural selection. Finally, even though C. splendens possesses nearly identical fore- and hindwings, we found evidence for divergent selection between them.
NileULex: A Phrase and Word Level Sentiment Lexicon for Egyptian and Modern Standard Arabic

This paper presents NileULex, which is an Arabic sentiment lexicon containing close to six thousands Arabic words and compound phrases. Forty five percent of the terms and expressions in the lexicon are Egyptian or colloquial while fifty five percent are Modern Standard Arabic. While the collection of many of the terms included in the lexicon was done automatically, the actual addition of any term was done manually. One of the important criterions for adding terms to the lexicon, was that they be as unambiguous as possible. The result is a lexicon with a much higher quality than any translated variant or automatically constructed one. To demonstrate that a lexicon such as this can directly impact the task of sentiment analysis, a very basic machine learning based sentiment analyser that uses unigrams, bigrams, and lexicon based features was applied on two different Twitter datasets. The obtained results were compared to a baseline system that only uses unigrams and bigrams. The same lexicon based features were also generated using a publicly available translation of a popular sentiment lexicon. The experiments show that usage of the developed lexicon improves the results over both the baseline and the publicly available lexicon.
A comparison of trapping methods for Tabanidae (Diptera) in North Queensland, Australia

Abstract The ability to monitor the abundance and diversity of tabanid flies over wide areas requires effective and low‐cost surveillance methods. Such monitoring activities help to quantify the risk of transmission of pathogens by tabanids. Here we examine the effectiveness and practicality of two types of trap (canopy traps and Nzi traps) and two types of attractant (octenol and carbon dioxide) for monitoring tabanid flies in tropical Australia. The Nzi trap consistently caught more tabanids and more species of tabanids than the canopy trap. It was also more robust and therefore required less maintenance in remote locations.
Onika: A Multilevel Human-Machine Interface for Real-Time Sensor-Based Robotics Systems

The development of software for reconfigurable sensor-based real-time systems is a complicated and tedious process, requiring highly specialized skills in real-time systems programming. The total development time can be reduced by automatically integrating reusable software modules to create applications. The integration of these modules can be further simplified by the use of a high-level programming interface. We have developed Onika, an iconically programmed human-machine interface, to interact with a reconfigurable software framework to create reusable code. Onika presents appropriate work environments for both application engineers and end-users. For engineers, icons representing real-time software modules can be combined to form real-time jobs. For the end-user, icons representing these jobs are assembled by the user into applications. Onika verifies that all jobs and applications are syntactically correct, non-ambiguous, and complete. They can then be executed from within Onika, or can be saved as a stand-alone program which can be executed independently on the underlying real-time operating system. Onika has been fully integrated with the Chimera realtime operating system in order to control several different robotic systems in the Advanced Manipulators Laboratory at Carnegie Mellon University.
Portable Implementation of Advanced Driver-Assistance Algorithms on Heterogeneous Architectures

The increased use of application-specific computational devices turns even low-power chips into high-performance computers. Not only additional accelerators (e.g., GPU, DSP, or even FPGA), but also heterogeneous CPU clusters form modern computer systems. Programming these chips is however challenging, due to management overhead, data transfer delays, and a missing unification of the programming flow. Moreover, most accelerators require device specific optimizations. Thus, for application developers, fulfilling software's initial intention to serve high portability is one of the most ambitious objectives. In this work, we present a software abstraction layer unifying the programming flow for parallel and heterogeneous platforms. Therefore, we offer a generic C++ API for parallelizing on heterogeneous CPU clusters and offloading to accelerators, specifically addressing applications with strict real-time constraints. At a freeconfigurable choice of parallelization- and offloading-frameworks (e.g., TBB, OpenCL) without affecting the portability, we also include automatic profiling methods. While offering high configurability of the architecture mapping, these methods ease the development of optimum scheduling strategies - e.g., in terms of power, throughput, or latency. To demonstrate the use of theproposed methods, we present heterogeneous implementations of the Semi-Global Matching and Histograms of Oriented Gradients algorithms as exemplary advanced driver-assistance algorithms. We provide an in-depth discussion of scheduling strategies for execution on a Samsung Exynos 5422 MPSoC, an Intel Xeon Phi manycore, and a general-purpose processor equipped with a Nallatech PCIe-385N FPGA accelerator card.
Minimum Sigma Set SR-UKF for Quadrifocal Tensor-based Binocular Stereo Vision-IMU Tightly-coupled System

This paper presents a binocular vision-IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) tightly-coupled structure based on a Minimum sigma set Square-Root Unscented Kalman Filter (M-SRUKF) for real time navigation applications. Though the M-SRUKF has only half the sigma points of the SRUKF, it has the same accuracy as the SRUKF when applied to the binocular vision-IMU tightly-coupled system. As the Kalman filter flow is a kind of square-root system, the stability of the system can be guaranteed. The measurement model and the outlier rejection model of this tightly-coupled system not only utilises the epipolar constraint and the trifocal tensor geometry constraint between the consecutive two image pairs, but also uses the quadrifocal tensor geometry among four views. The structure of the binocular vision-IMU tightly-coupled system is in the form of an error state, and the time updates of the state and the state covariance are directly estimated without using Unscented Transformation (UT). Experiments are carried out based on an outdoor land vehicle open source dataset and an indoor Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) open source dataset. Results clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed new mechanisation.
A Comparison of Linear Array and Hybrid Capture 2 for Detection of Carcinogenic Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Precancer in ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study

Background: We were interested in comparing the performance of Linear Array (LA; Roche Molecular Systems) to Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2; Digene) for the detection of carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical precancer. Methods: LA and hc2 results were compared on baseline specimens collected from women with an atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) Pap referred into ASCUS and Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Triage Study (n = 3,488). hc2 was conducted at the time of the study on liquid cytology specimens. LA was conducted retrospectively on aliquots from a second, stored cervical specimen masked to the hc2 results and clinical data. Paired LA and hc2 results (n = 3,289; 94%) were compared for the detection of carcinogenic HPV (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68) and 2-year cumulative cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade ≥3 as diagnosed by the quality-control pathology review. Results: LA was more likely to test positive for carcinogenic HPV than hc2 (55% versus 53%; P = 0.001). For 2-year cumulative ≥CIN3, LA and hc2 had similar sensitivities (93.3% versus 92.6%, respectively; P = 1), and LA was marginally less specific than hc2 (48.1% versus 50.6%, respectively; P = 0.05). LA and hc2 had similar negative predictive values (98.70% versus 98.64% respectively; P = 0.4), and LA had a slightly lower positive predictive value than hc2 (14.6% versus 15.1%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: We observed that LA and hc2 performed similarly in the detection of carcinogenic HPV and identification of CIN3 among women with an ASCUS Pap. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(5):1248–54)