Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Training and Adaptation of Beef Calves to Precision Supplementation Technology for Individual Supplementation in Grazing Systems

Simple Summary Understanding the relationship between supplementation and animal production requires a systems approach to understand all variables affecting this relationship. Many publications regarding the utilization of consumed supplements have been published, as have studies focused on cattle production response. Supplementation costs strongly influence farm profitability, yet many supplementation strategies aim to supply nutrients to the average of the group, though inter-animal variation within groups can differ vastly meaning both over- and under-supplementation is occurring, potentially decreasing production. Measuring real-time cattle intake is historically labor intensive and typically focuses on total intake instead of individual supplement intake. New precision feeding technologies such as the C-Lock SuperSmart Feeder (SSF, C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD, USA) allow for real-time supplement intake data collection in field settings but require adaptation periods to facilitate the usage of these technologies by cattle. New technologies, such as the SSF, offer insight into behavioral information relating to cattle adaptation rates, feeding patterns, and the relationship between supplementation and animal production. The objective of this research was to assess the training and adoption rates of three different groups of cattle (suckling calves, weaned steers, replacement heifers) to the SSF. Abstract Supplementation of beef cattle can be used to meet both nutrient requirements and production goals; however, supplementation costs influence farm profitability. Common supplementation delivery strategies are generally designed to provide nutrients to the mean of the group instead of an individual. Precision individual supplementation technologies, such as the Super SmartFeed (SSF, C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD, USA), are available but are generally cost prohibitive to producers. These systems require adaptation or training periods for cattle to utilize this technology. The objective of this research was to assess the training and adoption rates of three different groups of cattle (suckling calves, weaned steers, replacement heifers) to the SSF. Successful adaptation was determined if an individual’s supplement intake was above the group average of total allotted feed consumed throughout the training period. Suckling calves (n = 31) underwent a 12 d training period on pasture; 45% of suckling calves adapted to the SSF and average daily intake differed (p < 0.0001) by day of training. Weaned steers (n = 79) were trained in drylot for 13 d. Of the weaned steers, 62% were trained to the SSF, and average daily intake differed (p < 0.0001) by day of training. Replacement heifers (n = 63) grazed tall fescue pastures and had access to SSF for 22 d of training. The success rate of replacement heifers was 73%. For replacement heifers, the daily intake did not differ (p < 0.0001) by day of training. Results indicate production stage may influence cattle adaptation to precision technologies.
Constructing frames of reference : an analytical method for archaeological theory building using hunter-gatherer and environmental data sets

Many consider Lewis Binford to be the single most influential figure in archaeology in the last half-century. His contributions to the 'New Archaeology' changed the course of the field, as he argued for the development of a scientifically rigorous framework to guide the excavation and interpretation of the archaeological record. This book, the culmination of Binford's intellectual legacy thus far, presents a detailed description of his methodology and its significance for understanding hunter-gatherer cultures on a global basis. This landmark publication will be an important step in understanding the great process of cultural evolution and will change the way archaeology proceeds as a scientific enterprise. This work provides a major synthesis of an enormous body of cultural and environmental information and offers many original insights into the past. Binford helped pioneer what is now called 'ethnoarchaeology' - the study of living societies to help explain cultural patterns in the archaeological record - and this book is grounded on a detailed analysis of ethnographic data from about 340 historically known hunter-gatherer populations. The methodological framework based on this data will reshape the paradigms through which we understand human culture for years to come.
Global trends in atmospheric layer thickness since 1940 and relationships with tropical and extratropical climate forcing

Global warming necessitates continual insights into changing atmospheric temperatures to enhance climate change monitoring and prediction. The thickness of an atmospheric layer serves as an effective proxy for the average temperature of that layer, playing a pivotal role in weather forecasting, understanding atmospheric dynamics, and detecting shifts in extreme weather conditions. This study investigates the global trends in thickness of the layer between 1000 hPa and 500 hPa, from 1940 to the present and evaluates the impact of tropical and extra-tropical climate modes on these trends. Our findings reveal a consistent, statistically significant positive trend in atmospheric layer thickness. However, the magnitude of this trend varies both regionally and seasonally. The most substantial absolute changes are observed in the high latitudes during their respective winter seasons; however, when considering global changes relative to each location’s unique historical variability, the most pronounced increase occurs in the tropics, specifically over central Africa, with a standard deviation increase of up to 0.03 σ yr−1. Based on the relative changes, the thickness over the Southern Hemisphere’s high-latitude landmasses is increasing at a faster pace during its winter compared to the Northern Hemisphere during its winter. Furthermore, our analysis of the impact of dominant tropical and extra-tropical climate modes revealed a strong correlation (R ∼ 0.9) between sea surface temperature changes in the Pacific warm pool region and the global average thickness. This relationship accounts for about 76% to 78% variance of the inter-annual variability in thickness. Consequently, we identify the increase in sea surface temperature in the Indo-Pacific warm pool as a significant controller of the rate and magnitude of atmospheric layer thickness changes globally. This underscores the crucial role of oceanic-atmospheric interactions in driving global climate variations and extremes.
Drivers of global wildfires : statistical analyses

Wildfires play an important role in the earth system. Understanding the relationship between wildfires and their drivers is critical for us to predict fire regime transformations under the changing climate and anthropogenic influences. This study used the novel Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area product MCD45A1 to characterize wildfires. The high resolution data were regridded at 0.25° × 0.25° cellsize to calculate the wildfire burned area ratio (BAR) and burn date, which show a new pattern of global wildfires from April 2000 to March 2009. Climate, land cover, topography, and various anthropogenic and natural datasets were explored and gridded into 0.25° resolution. This study then used Pearson correlation and generalized linear correlation analyses to estimate the relationship between the mean annual BAR and possible fire drivers, including the mean annual surface air temperature, mean annual rainfall, grass cover, forest cover, population density, cultivation percentage, urban cover, nutrient availability, topographical roughness, inter-annual and intra-annual variability of rainfall, rainfalls in fire season and non-fire season. The analyses were done at both global and regional scales. Optimal generalized linear models (GLMs) were obtained by automatic stepwise regression for the globe and each region. The random forest regression was also carried out to compare the results from GLM analyses. Among all the explanatory variables, the mean annual temperature has the closest relationship with the mean annual BAR, and the next most important driver is the grass cover. Each region has slightly different sequences of wildfire drivers. The regional GLMs have better prediction performance than the global GLM and the random forest. The global random forest regression is superior to the global GLM.
Clay-Oil Flocculation and its Role in Natural Cleansing in Prince William Sound Following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

Natural interactions of fine mineral particles with residue oil and seawater, in a process called clay-oil flocculation, were found to create solids-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions on shoreline sediments at numerous locations in Prince William Sound following the Exxon Valdez spill. In laboratory tests using oiled sediment samples from Prince William Sound, these emulsions were shown to facilitate natural cleansing and dispersion of oil from sediments by moving water. To investigate the effect of flocculation on natural cleansing, studies were conducted to determine the hydrodynamic energy needed for seawater to remove flocculated oil residues from sediments sampled from shorelines. Water was pumped at different velocities through a column packed with oiled sediment, and the amount and composition of oil removed from the sediment were measured as functions of water velocity and sediment movement. In separate tests, oil removal was observed in a wave tank that generated wave heights less than and greater than needed to move sediments. 28 refs., 13 figs., 7 tabs.
A Model of Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics for Temperate Grasslands and Forests

In the last two decades, the importance of hydrological processes for ecosystem dynamics and the effects of plants on hydrological processes has become increasingly apparent. A better understanding of the relationship between plant growth (carbon and nitrogen distribution) and the hydrological characteristics of a catchment would improve ecological assessments and management of forests and grasslands. TOPDNDC, developed for this study, is a detailed, semi-distributed, quantitative, ecohydrological model for predicting carbon and nitrogen dynamics in small temperate catchments. TOPDNDC establishes an explicit linkage between the biogeochemical process and the hydrology of catchments using the well-known and tested biogeochemical model DNDC and hydrological model TOPMODEL. The new model’s ability to predict is assessed against field data. The TOPDNDC computer model does not require use of high performance computers or large and expensive datasets, but it allows investigation in detail of how the locations and spatial patterns of biogeochemical processes shift across watershed topography in response to antecedent conditions and multiple temporal scales. Application of the model to annual biomass production from a grassland shows very good agreement with the field data. The temperate forest simulation showed lesser agreement with field data collected along a transect in a watershed, but was able to reproduce the same patterns found in the field and with high correlations.
Association of CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*18 & CYP2B6*6 polymorphisms with imatinib treatment outcome in Azerbaijani chronic myeloid leukaemia patients

Background & objectives: Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a reliable first line treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Nevertheless, despite promising results, a considerable proportion of patients develop resistance to the drug. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play a crucial role in IM metabolism. Thus, point mutations in CYP genes may modify IM enzyme activity resulting in insufficient treatment response. This investigation was aimed to identify the functional impact of CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*18 and CYP2B6*6 polymorphisms on the IM response in patients with CML in Azerbaijan. Methods: Genotyping of CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*18 and CYP2B6*6 was performed in 153 patients (102 IM non-responders and 51 IM responders) with CML by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to assess the association between allelic variants and IM therapy outcome. The results were validated by sequencing. Results: The frequency of the CYP3A4*18 allele was considerably lower in the responder's group (97.1 vs. 100%; P=0.036). For CYP3A5*3, the allelic frequency was slightly higher among the IM responders (100 vs. 99.02%) with no significant difference. Although patients heterozygous (TC) for CYP2B6*6 demonstrated a higher risk of acquiring resistance (OR 1.04; 95% CI: 0.492-2.218), differences were not significant (P=0.909). In addition, the homozygous genotype (TT) demonstrated a lower risk of unresponsiveness (OR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.283-1.836), but associations were not significant (P=0.491). Interpretation & conclusions: Our results demonstrated that CYP3A4*18 was significantly associated with IM treatment response in patients with CML in Azerbaijan, whereas rather common CYP3A5*3 was identified to have no such association.
MicroRNA-9 regulates fetal alcohol induced changes in D 2 receptor to promote prolactin 1 production 2 3

3 Omkaram Gangisetty, Shaima Jabbar, Olivia Wynne, Dipak K. Sarkar* 4 5 1 Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New 6 Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America 7 8 Address for all correspondence to: Dr. Dipak K Sarkar 9 Distinguished Professor, Endocrine Program 10 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 11 67 Poultry Farm Lane 12 New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. 13 Tel: 848 932 1529 14 Fax: 732 932 4134 15 E-mail: sarkar@aesop.rutgers. edu 16 17 Short title: Fetal alcohol promotes miR-9 control of PRL 18 19
University of Birmingham Measuring CSR disclosure when assessing stock market effects

: A growing number of studies use a dichotomous variable indicating the presence of a standalone CSR report to capture impacts of CSR disclosure. Our concern is that, without considering differences in the information provided, such an approach could lead to incorrect inferences regarding those impacts. Accordingly, we extend prior research by examining whether, similar to differences in environmental disclosure, the mere presence of a standalone CSR report mitigates negative market reactions at times of regulatory cost exposure. We focus on the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi disaster and a sample of international utilities with nuclear power generation. Controlling for other factors related to social and regulatory cost exposures, we find only the environmental disclosures appear to reduce negative market effects. We thus argue that, in exploring the impacts of CSR disclosure, researchers need to carefully consider, beyond just the presence of a CSR report, differences in the extent of information being provided.
Factor structure and dyadic measurement invariance of the English version of the dyadic coping inventory measuring low-income couples in the United States

The Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) is used widely in research with couples as a measure of stress coping between dyads. While several studies examined the factor structure of the DCI, as well as invariance with individual samples, no studies have examined the dyadic measurement invariance. Thus, we conducted a dyadic measurement invariance analysis with a community sample of 1,368 opposite-gendered couples. The DCI displayed a factor structure of five factors for dyadic coping by self or partner and two factors for common dyadic coping. Full configural, metric, scalar, and residual variance invariance were identified for the DCI across dyad members. The latent means comparison showed differences in dyadic coping behavior across dyad members.
Pathogenicity of Aspergillus Airborne Fungal Species Collected from Indoor and Outdoor Public Areas in Tianjin, China

Airborne fungi play an important role in air pollution and may have various negative effects on human health. In particular, Aspergillus fungi are pathogenic to humans and several domestic animals. In this work, Aspergillus strains isolated from airborne fungal communities sampled from different indoor and outdoor environments in Tianjin University were tested for pathogenicity on Drosophila melanogaster. Airborne fungi were sampled using an HAS-100B air sampler, over a one-year sampling period. Isolated fungal strains were identified based on morphological and molecular analysis. The Aspergillus-centered study was conducted as part of a larger work focusing on the total airborne fungal community in the analyzed environments, which yielded 173 fungal species. In this context, the genus Aspergillus showed the second-highest species richness, with 14 isolated species. Pathogenicity tests performed on male adults of Drosophila melanogaster through a bodily contact bioassay showed that all analyzed airborne Aspergillus species were pathogenic to fruit flies, with high insect mortality rates and shortened lifespan. All the studied fungi induced 100% mortality of fruit flies within 30 culture days, with one exception constituted by A. creber (39 days), while the shortest lifespan (17 days) was observed in fruit flies treated with A. tubingensis. Our results allow us to hypothesize that the studied airborne fungal species may have a pathogenic effect on humans, given the affinity between fruit flies and the human immune system, and may help to explain the health risk linked with Aspergillus fungi exposure in densely populated environments.
Meteorological Influences on LORAN-C Propagation Over Sea and Land in Mediterranean Sea Chain

Abstract : Loran-C phase variations of signal from the Master of the Mediterranean Sea chain at Sellia Marina were measured simultaneously at three receiving sites, located on sea, coast and land. The effect of terrain over which the signal is propagated is considered together with the influence of weather parameters on the phase variations at the transmitter, along the signal paths and at the receiving sites. Based on an analysis of these data, correlations among these variations are examined, and correction is introduced to the measured results, in order to improve precision of mutual and international comparisons via Loran-C.
DP Childlessness, childf reeness and compensation

We study the design of a fair family policy in an economy where parent-hood is regarded either as desirable or as undesirable, and where there is imperfect fertility control, leading to involuntary childlessness/parenthood. Using an equivalent consumption approach in the consumption-fertility space, we (cid:133)rst show that the identi(cid:133)cation of the worst-o⁄ individuals is not robust to how the social evaluator (cid:133)xes the reference fertility level. Adopting the ex post egalitarian social criterion, which gives priority to the worst o⁄ in realized terms, we then examine the compensation for involuntary childlessness/parenthood. Unlike real-world family policies, a fair family policy does not always involve positive family allowances to (voluntary) parents, and may also, under some reference fertility levels, involve positive childlessness allowances. Our results are robust to assuming asymmetric information and to introducing Assisted Reproductive Technologies.
Attention deﬁcit hyperactivity disorder and the behavior of ‘‘Che” Guevara

Attention deﬁcit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD is related to several co-morbidities, such as opposition deﬁant disorder, conduct disorder, mood and anxiety disturbances, as well as tics and Tou-rette’s syndrome. The objective of this report is to shed an alternative light on the personality of Ernesto ‘‘Che” Guevara, discussing whether he might have had ADHD. Several published biographies of Che Guev-ara were reviewed. Established ADHD criteria ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition), were used as a framework to evaluate Che’s behaviour. In addition, we compared the main features of Che’s reported behaviour to the set of abnormalities leading to the diagnosis of ADHD in adults proposed by Wender and colleagues and known as the UTAH ADHD criteria. Analysis of the most renowned biographies of Ernesto ‘‘Che” Guevara suggests that he may have had ADHD.
The Relationship between Instagram Usage, Social Comparison, and Self-Esteem Among Young Adults During The Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia

This study investigates the relationship between Instagram usage, social comparison, and self-esteem among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is given the prevalence of virtual socialization due to remote learning. A survey participated by 200 young adults studying in Malaysian universities was carried out. Results demonstrated active engagement on Instagram. However, the direct relationships between Instagram usage, social comparison, and self-esteem were inconsequential. Hence, no significant differences between those using Instagram frequently and those who did not were found. Yet, the study observed considerably low self-esteem among the respondents and an active tendency to make social comparisons while using Instagram during the social restriction period caused by the pandemic.
Advice Seeking Network Structures and the Learning Organization

Organizational learning can be described as a transfer of individuals’ cognitive mental models to shared mental models. Employees seeking the same colleagues for advice are structurally equivalent, and the aim of the paper is to study if the concept can act as a way to organizational learning. It is argued that the mimicking of colleagues’ advice seeking structures will induce structural equivalence and transfer the accuracy of individuals’ cognitive mental models to shared mental models. Taking a dyadic level of analysis the authors revisit a classical case and present novel data analyses. The empirical results indicate that the mimicking of advice seeking structures can alter cognitive accuracy. The paper also discusses the findings’ implications for organization learning theory and practice.
Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in Kazakhstan: Data from unified national electronic health system 2014-2021

The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children aged 0-17 in Kazakhstan was explored using aggregated large-scale healthcare data from the unified national electronic health system (UNEHS) in 2014-2021. Incidence, period prevalence, and mortality rates per 100,000 population at risk were calculated. Cox proportional hazards regression modelling and Kaplan-Meier methodology were used. The follow-up period was from the initial date of T1DM until death or the end of the follow-up (31 December 2021). Among the 11,088 patients, the incidence rate of T1DM decreased from 28.1 to 24.5 per 100,000 population, whereas the period prevalence rate increased from 48.8 to 179.1, and the mortality rate rose from 0.18 to 0.67. Diagnosis at age 0-1 years (hazards ratio [HR] 4.42), presence of nephropathy (HR 8.94) or neoplasms (HR 1.64) were associated with a higher risk of death, while the presence of retinopathy (HR 0.31) was associated with a lower risk of death.