Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INHERITANCE OF COLOUR POLYMORPHISM AND THE PATTERN OF SPERM COMPETITION IN THE APPLE SNAIL POMACEA CANALICULATA (GASTROPODA: AMPULLARIIDAE)

The mode of inheritance of body colour polymorphism (yellow or brown) was studied in the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata. Analyses of snail body colour over three generations showed that the yellow colour follows simple Mendelian inheritance, being recessive to brown. There were no deleterious effects of the yellow colour gene on the number of eggs per egg mass, egg weight, hatchability, daily egg mass production, or survival of the snails carrying it. By using the yellow colour as a genetic marker, the pattern of sperm competition was investigated. When two males (yellow and brown) were mated successively to a yellow female, sperm of the first male were displaced by the second male in all 10 cases studied. However, the duration needed for complete displacement varied among females, from just after the male exchange (within 4 days) up to 38 days. Yellow males had a comparable reproductive success to that of brown males.
Public Perceptions of Cross-Sex Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Background Cross-sex vascularized composite allotransplantation has been performed in cadaveric facial transplantation and clinical extremity transplantation. Understanding the challenge of appropriate donor-recipient matching, this study sought to characterize the public's perception of cross-sex vascularized composite allotransplantation. Methods Participants were surveyed in New York City. Data collected included demographics and willingness to donate vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) of various types. Similar questions were asked in the context of same-sex and cross-sex donation. Results A total of 101 participants (male: 56.4%; age ≤35 years: 62.4%) were surveyed. The majority expressed willingness to donate to recipients of a different sex (hand: 78.2%, face: 56.4%, penis or uterus: 69.3%, lower limb: 81.2%, abdominal wall: 80.2%, larynx: 81.2%, and solid organs: 85.2%). Among VCAs, willingness to donate facial allografts was significantly different in same-sex versus cross-sex contexts (64.4% vs 56.4%; P = 0.008). Participants were also significantly more likely to donate VCAs to same-sex recipients on behalf of themselves versus loved ones (P < 0.05). There was significantly lower willingness to receive cross-sex versus same-sex facial (P = 0.022) and genital allografts (P = 0.022). Education on the preservation of recipient masculinity or femininity in cross-sex facial transplantation increased participants' willingness to receive a cross-sex face transplant from 56.4% to 71.3% (P = 0.001). Conclusions This study highlights the urban public's acceptance of VCA donation or reception regardless of sex mismatch. There is increased willingness to receive a cross-sex face transplant after education, highlighting opportunities for future focused interventions to increase public awareness and ultimately the donor pool.
Metabolic Profile and Body Composition in Twins Concordant and Discordant for Physical Exercise

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the metabolic profile and body composition of monozygotic (MZ) twins concordant and discordant for the practice of physical exercise. The sample consisted of 92 MZ twins (72.5% female and 27.5% male, mean age 25.4 ± 5.69 years), registered with the Brazilian Registry of Twins, residing in Natal, Brazil. Data collection was carried out between the years 2016 and 2018. On day 1, subjects underwent a whole-body fitness evaluation, including measures of weight, height, body composition by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and the Cardiorespiratory Exercise Test. On day 2, 10 ml blood samples were collected (overnight fasting) to determine the lipid profile and fasting glucose. The sample was separated into three groups: Active Concordant twins (Concordant A, n = 44 subjects), Inactive Concordant twins (Concordant I, n = 22 subjects) and Discordant pairs for Physical Exercise (Discordant PE, n = 26 subjects). The results demonstrated a difference between the discordant twins for exercise and also between the active versus sedentary groups, indicating a causal effect of exercise on the fat percentage, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and second ventilatory threshold variables. Between groups, a difference was also observed between the groups in ventilatory threshold, very low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides. We concluded that, regardless of genetics, the practice of physical exercise was sufficient to generate alterations in body composition and VO2max in MZ twins, but not in the lipid profile or fasting glucose.
The Caveolin-1 Connection to Cell Death and Survival

Caveolins are a family of membrane proteins required for the formation of small plasma membrane invaginations called caveolae that are implicated in cellular trafficking processes. In addition to this structural role, these scaffolding proteins modulate numerous intracellular signaling pathways; often via direct interaction with specific binding partners. Caveolin-1 is particularly well-studied in this respect and has been attributed a large variety of functions. Thus, Caveolin-1 also represents the best-characterized isoform of this family with respect to its participation in cancer. Rather strikingly, available evidence indicates that Caveolin-1 belongs to a select group of proteins that function, depending on the cellular settings, both as tumor suppressor and promoter of cellular traits commonly associated with enhanced malignant behavior, such as metastasis and multi-drug resistance. The mechanisms underlying such ambiguity in Caveolin-1 function constitute an area of great interest. Here, we will focus on discussing how Caveolin-1 modulates cell death and survival pathways and how this may contribute to a better understanding of the ambiguous role this protein plays in cancer.
Overexpression of Rice OsHMA3 in Wheat Greatly Decreases Cadmium Accumulation in Wheat Grain.

Cereals are a major dietary source of the toxic metal cadmium (Cd). Reducing Cd accumulation in cereal crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) is important for food safety and human health. In this study, we show that three diverse cultivars of wheat had a high Cd translocation from roots to shoots, similar to a rice (Oryza sativa) cultivar possessing a non-functional tonoplast Cd transporter OsHMA3. We investigated the function of TaHMA3 genes in wheat. Three TaHMA3 genes were identified in wheat, all of which encode tonoplast-localized proteins. However, heterologous expression of TaHMA3 genes in yeast showed no transport activities for Cd, which likely explain the low Cd sequestration in wheat roots and subsequently the high Cd translocation to wheat shoots. To increase Cd sequestration in wheat roots, we overexpressed a rice functional OsHMA3 gene in wheat driven by a strong constitutive Ubiquitin promoter. Overexpression of OsHMA3 gene decreased root-to-shoot Cd translocation in wheat by nearly tenfold and Cd accumulation in wheat grain by 96%. The results suggest that high Cd translocation is a common trait in wheat caused by a loss Cd transport function of TaHMA3 proteins. Transgenic wheat overexpressing a functional OsHMA3 gene offers a highly effective solution to decrease Cd accumulation in wheat grain.
Novel image representations for visual categorisation with 'Bag-of-Words'

Visual Category Recognition aims at fast classification of objects, as well as scenery, action, and semantically complex concepts in collections of unannotated images. Its applications include security and crime prevention, rapid selection of content for efficient media practices, television and press archives, organisation of visual content in the social media, e-commerce, robotic recognition, and many more. There exist a variety of approaches to visual categorisation. However, due to complex nature of visual appearances and complex taxonomy of objects, a simplifying statistical model developed for natural language processing, called Bag-of-Words, is typically used. In such a model, descriptors are extracted from images at keypoint locations and then expressed as vectors representing visual word appearances, referred to as mid-level features. A pooling step is carried out to transform mid-level features from an image into a final vectorial representation called image signature. Finally, a classifier is applied. Segmentation-based interest points for matching and recognition are investigated first. Two simple methods for extracting features from the segmentation maps are proposed. They focus on the boundaries and centres of the gravity of the segments. Segmentation-based image descriptors are proposed next. They are extracted from pairs of adjacent regions from an unsupervised segmentation. Thus, semi-local structural appearances are exploited. This limits contribution of uniform regions. A highly popular technique for coding the local image descriptors in Bag-of-Words, called Soft Assignment, is combined with Linear Coordinate Coding to minimise its quantisation loss which strongly correlates with the best classification performance. An approach that introduces spatial information to Bag-of-Words, called Spatial Coordinate Coding is proposed. It reduces the size of mid-level features tenfold. Moreover, as dominant orientations of edges and colour are sources of bias in images, we learn them at multiple levels of coarseness by Dominant Angle and Colour Pyramid Matching. A number of techniques for generating mid-level features as well as various pooling methods that aggregate mid-level features into image signatures are investigated. We generalise these pooling methods to account for the descriptor interdependence and introduce an improved pooling that addresses noise effects in mid-level features. Bag-of-Words typically extract the first-order statistics from mid-level features. To improve recognition, aggregation over co-occurrences of visual words in mid-level features is proposed. An appropriate derivation is provided and various likelihood inspired pooling operators investigated. Moreover, an extension to multiple modalities is proposed.
Antioxidant activity, antibacterial and inhibitory effect of intestinal disaccharidases of extracts obtained from Eugenia uniflora L. Seeds.

The use of medicinal plants for disease prevention, treatment and cure is an ancient practice used by humanity, and many plants species are used in bioprospecting research. In this context, its stands out Eugenia uniflora L. , populary known as pitangueira and belongs to the Myrtaceae family, with a wide geographic distribution and native of Brazil. In view of the therapeutic qualities of the plant and the lack of the studies on its seeds, the present study had as objective to evaluate the phytochemical profile of the extracts of Eugenia uniflora L. seeds, from different solvents, as well as their antibacterial activity, antioxidant and its inhibitory effect of intestinal disaccharidases. Results showed a high content of phenolic compounds and total flavonoids, thus characterizing antioxidant activity, also highlighting the best bacteriostatic action for the Gram positive strain of Staphylococcus aureus in the ethanolic fraction. Regarding the disaccharidases, a strong inhibitory action was observed for all concentrations, evidencing a antihyperglycemic potential. The present research allowed to concluded that Eugenia uniflora L. seeds have promising biological activities for the industrial sector, but a more detailed investigation is needed regarding their bioactive compounds.
Interpersonal Trust during Childhood and Adolescence

Part I. Conceptual Foundations and Issues: 1. Introduction Ken J. Rotenberg 2. The conceptualization of interpersonal trust: a basis, domain, and target framework Ken J. Rotenberg 3. Neurobiology of interpersonal trust Matilda E. Nowakowski, Tracy Vaillancourt and Louis A. Schmidt 4. Children's sense of trust in significant others: genetic versus environmental contributions and buffer to life stressors Atsushi Sakai Part II. Childhood: 5. Young children's trust in what other people say Kathleen Corriveau and Paul L. Harris 6. Social relation and mutual influence analyses of children's interpersonal trust Lucy R. Betts, Ken J. Rotenberg and Mark Trueman 7. Siblings and trust Shirley McGuire, Nancy L. Segal, Patricia Gill, Bridget Whitlow and June M. Clausen 8. The role of promises for children's trustworthiness and honesty Kay Bussey 9. Liar liar! Pants on fire: detecting the trustworthiness of children's statements Victoria Talwar and Sarah-Jane Renaud Part III. Adolescence and Early Adulthood: 10. Trust, but verify: knowledge, disclosure, and mothers' beliefs about adolescents' trustworthiness Nancy Darling and Bonnie Dowdy 11. The role of trust in adolescent-parent relationships: to trust you is to tell you Judith G. Smetana 12. A new scale for the assessment of adolescents' trust beliefs Brandy A. Randall, Ken J. Rotenberg, Casey J. Totenhagen, Monica Rock and Christina Harmon 13. A friend in need is a friend indeed: exploring the relations among trust beliefs, prosocial tendencies, and friendships Gustavo Carlo, Brandy A. Randall, Ken J. Rotenberg and Brian E. Armenta 14. Promoting intergroup trust among adolescents and young adults Rhiannon N. Turner, Miles Hewstone, Hermann Swart, Tania Tam, Elissa Myers and Nicole Tausch.
Omentopexy versus falciformopexy for peptic ulcer perforation.

BACKGROUND Open or laparoscopic Graham's omentopexy is frequently used in the treatment of peptic ulcer perforation (PUP). The technical difficulty of applying the omental plug, especially in patients with previous omentum resection, has led to the use of falciform ligament for the PUP, and some studies have reported that PUP may even be a more advantageous technique than omentopexy. Here, in this study, we aimed to compare the retrospective results of patients who underwent falciformopexy or omentopexy for PUP. METHODS Between 1999 and 2018, 303 patients who were followed-up and treated for PUP were included in this study. Patients who had malignancy, gastric resection, definitive ulcer surgery, laparoscopic surgery and nonoperative treatment were excluded from this study. In the remaining patients, either open ometopexy or falciformopexy were applied based on the surgeon's choice. These two techniques were compared for intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS Falciformopexy (n=46) and omentopexy (n=243) groups had similar demographics, but ASA scores were lower in the falciformopexy group. For ulcer size and localization, duration of operation, no difference was found between the groups. There was no significant difference between the groups concerning general postoperative morbidity and mortality. However, atelectasis was more frequently observed in the omentopexy group, whereas the pexia failure was more frequent in the falciformopexy group (2.6% and 8.7%, p=0.04). CONCLUSION Falciformopexy is an alternative technique that can be used in situations where it is not possible to use the omentum. Falciformopexy is not superior to omentopexy for the repair of the PUP.
Confidence in Understanding Health Insurance and Challenges Paying Medical Bills Among Men in the United States

Although the number of men with health insurance has increased, men are less likely to utilize health services than females, and experience difficulty in paying medical bills. Understanding the details of health insurance can be challenging and the lack of understanding can have financial consequences. This study, guided by Andersen’s model of health-care utilization, assessed the relationship between confidence level in understanding health insurance terms and difficulty in paying medical bills among American men. Data were drawn from the Health Reform Monitoring Survey, 2015–2016. The study included 6,643 men aged between 18 and 64. Descriptive statistics examined participants’ difficulty in paying medical bills by predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics, and by confidence in understanding health insurance terms. A modified Poisson regression analysis examined the association between difficulty in paying medical bills, confidence in understanding health insurance terms score, and predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics. An increase in confidence in understanding health insurance terms score was associated with significantly lower reported difficulty in paying medical bills (PR = .98; 95% CI = [.97–.99]; p = .002). Participants with a college degree or higher were less likely to report difficulty in paying their medical bills compared to participants with less than a high school degree (PR = .72; 95% CI = [.56–.92]; p = .009). A better understanding of health insurance might prevent men from experiencing difficulties in paying medical bills. Additional research should be performed to understand the relationship between the level of confidence in understanding health insurance, knowledge level of health insurance terms, use of health insurance, and their impact on difficulty in paying medical bills.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (DBT-PTSD) Compared With Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) in Complex Presentations of PTSD in Women Survivors of Childhood Abuse: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Childhood abuse significantly increases the risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), often accompanied by symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and other co-occurring mental disorders. Despite the high prevalence, systematic evaluations of evidence-based treatments for PTSD after childhood abuse are sparse. Objective To compare the efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD), a new, specifically designed, phase-based treatment program, against that of cognitive processing therapy (CPT), one of the best empirically supported treatments for PTSD. Design, Setting, and Participants From January 2014 to October 2016, women who sought treatment were included in a multicenter randomized clinical trial with blinded outcome assessments at 3 German university outpatient clinics. The participants were prospectively observed for 15 months. Women with childhood abuse-associated PTSD who additionally met 3 or more DSM-5 criteria for BPD, including affective instability, were included. Data analysis took place from October 2018 to December 2019. Interventions Participants received equal dosages and frequencies of DBT-PTSD or CPT, up to 45 individual sessions within 1 year and 3 additional sessions during the following 3 months. Main Outcomes and Measures The predefined primary outcome was the course of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) score from randomization to month 15. Intent-to-treat analyses based on dimensional CAPS-5 scores were complemented by categorical outcome measures assessing symptomatic remission, reliable improvement, and reliable recovery. Results Of 955 consecutive individuals assessed for eligibility, 193 were randomized (DBT-PTSD, 98; CPT, 95; mean [SD] age, 36.3 [11.1] years) and included in the intent-to-treat analyses. Analysis revealed significantly improved CAPS-5 scores in both groups (effect sizes: DBT-PTSD: d, 1.35; CPT: d, 0.98) and a small but statistically significant superiority of DBT-PTSD (group difference: 4.82 [95% CI, 0.67-8.96]; P = .02; d, 0.33). Compared with the CPT group, participants in the DBT-PTSD group were less likely to drop out early (37 [39.0%] vs 25 [25.5%]; P = .046) and had higher rates of symptomatic remission (35 [40.7%] vs 52 [58.4%]; P = .02), reliable improvement (53 [55.8%] vs 73 [74.5%]; P = .006), and reliable recovery (34 [38.6%] vs 52 [57.1%]; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance These findings support the efficacy of DBT-PTSD and CPT in the treatment of women with childhood abuse-associated complex PTSD. Results pertaining to the primary outcomes favored DBT-PTSD. The study shows that even severe childhood abuse-associated PTSD with emotion dysregulation can be treated efficaciously. Trial Registration German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00005578.
Relationship Among Social Capital, Employment Uncertainty, Anxiety, and Suicidal Behaviors: A Chained Multi-mediator Mediation Modeling Analysis

Abstract Objective Social capital is a significant predictor of suicidal behaviors among Chinese rural migrants. However, the mechanism, including the impact of employment and mental health, has not been fully understood. This study aims to examine the complex relationships linking social capital to suicidal behaviors. Method Data were collected from a probability sample (n = 1,245) of rural migrants in Wuhan, China. Social capital was used to predict suicidal behaviors, with employment uncertainty as step 1 mediator and anxiety as step 2 mediator. Suicidal ideation and attempt were analyzed separately using a chained moderated mediation model. Years of migration was included as moderator in all models to control its confounding effect. Results Of the total sample, 50.9% were male with mean age of 32.0 (SD = 7.8) years. The association between social capital and suicidal ideation was significantly mediated by employment uncertainty (indirect effect [95% CI] = −0.14 [−0.24, −0.04]), but not for suicidal attempt (−0.02 [−0.20, 0.15]). Anxiety significantly mediated the same association for both suicidal ideation (−0.19 [−0.37, −0.01]) and attempt (−0.20 [−0.40, −0.01]). The chained relationship from social capital to employment uncertainty, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors was also significant with indirect effect of −0.05 [−0.09, −0.01] for both suicidal ideation and attempt. Similar results were observed for bonding and bridging capital. Conclusions Social capital may exert an effect on suicidal behaviors through employment and mental health among rural migrants in China. Social capital–based suicide prevention must consider both employment and mental health problems to obtain better effects. Highlights Employment and anxiety mediate social capital–suicidal behavior relation. Bonding capital affects anxiety and bridging capital affects employment. There is a chained relation among social capital, employment, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors.