Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACTIVIDAD in vitro DEL EXTRACTO ACUOSO DE Bonellia flammea CONTRA HONGOS FITOPATÓGENOS In vitro ACTIVITY OF AN AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Bonellia flammea AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI

Diseases caused by fungi in crops decrease quality and yield. Control of these diseases requires research focused on reducing the use of synthetic fungicides, which promote resistance and pollute the environment. The aqueous extract of Bonellia flammea is a natural alternative for control since it acts as a fungicide. The objective of this study was to assess in vitro the effect of the aqueous extract of B. flammea against seven phytopathogenic fungi. The experimental design was completely randomized; treatments were each fungus exposed to the extract and each fungus without extract. The experimental unit was four Petri dishes replicated four times. The data were analyzed with an ANOVA and the means were compared with the Tukey test (p£0.05). The measured variables were mycelial growth, percentage of sporulation and conidial germination. Also, the fungi were identified at the species level using ITS (Internal Transcription Spaces) initiators. The aqueous extract from B. flammea had inhibitory effect on the fungi Curvularia verruculosa, Curvularia lunata, Exserohilum rostratum, Corynespora cassiicola, Bipolaris setariae and Lasiodiplodia parva, inhibiting mycelial growth 20 to 100 %, sporulation 58 to 100 % and conidial germination 73 to 100 %, implying antifungal selectivity of the extract depending on the fungus species.
Spatial scale and dispersal influence metacommunity dynamics of benthic invertebrates in a large river

Taxon-specific dispersal ability can affect community composition, but little is known about how it influences metacommunity dynamics, particularly for taxa with large ontogenetic changes in dispersal mode and ability. The spatial scale of a study also can affect perceived or sampled community composition, but our understanding of the artifacts resulting from the spatial extent sampled is limited, and artifacts are difficult to differentiate from real metacommunity processes. We assessed community composition of benthic macroinvertebrates at nested spatial scales in a large river and used differences in dispersal as immature aquatic life stages and winged terrestrial adults to explain patterns in community structure. Spatial distribution of patches alone (space), followed by synergistic effects of space and environmental factors, and then environmental factors alone were the best predictors of community structure. As predicted by metacommunity theory, the local environment was a better predictor than was space for distributions of taxa with actively dispersing larvae and strong-flying winged adults than for distributions of taxa with passively dispersing larvae and weak-flying adults, particularly with increasing spatial scale. These results indicate that as dispersal ability increases, the processes affecting metacommunity structure change. The importance of spatial structure decreases whereas the importance of environmental factors increases with dispersal ability for both aquatic life stages and winged adults. In addition, increasing spatial grain and extent increase the ability of spatial structure to predict community composition. These results in conjunction with results of similar studies on small streams or interconnected ponds indicate that the ability of spatial structure and environmental factors to predict metacommunity structure may increase with increasing community connectedness.
SYMMETRIC INSTABILITY OF STRATIFIED GEOSTROPHIC FLOW

The linear stability of a stably stratified geostrophic current between parallel horizontal planes has been investigated theoretically. The disturbances considered are two-dimensional with axes aligned along the flow direction. Diffusive processes enter the stability problem through the Ekman number, E , and the Prandtl number Pr. The analysis is valid for general vertical stable stratification, characterized by S = N 2 / f 2 , where N is the Brunt-Vaisala frequency and f the (constant) Coriolis parameter. When E is small, the horizontal scale of the marginally stable disturbance is ? H (1 + Pr S ) 1/2 E 1/3 , where H is the distance between the bounding planes. Large values of E stabilize the system. For given viscosity, and S = 0, the system is destabilized by increasing Pr, while for S » 1 destabilization occurs if Pr ? 1. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1980. tb00944.x
El alga Digenea Simplex (Ceramiales: Rhodomelaceae) en México: variación biogeográfica

The alga Digenea simplex (Wulfen) C. Agardh has been reported in forty seven Mexican localities. A detailed description of reproductive and morphological features is given hete for the first time. Its presence in Bahia Banderas, Nayarit (Pacific of Mexico) is a first record. The lack of sexual structures suggests that Mexican populations are monophasic. The only morphological difference observed in distant populations (Nayarit, Tamaulipas and Quintana Roo) is lhe size of individual plants (not statistically significant). There is not enought evidence to support taxonomic seggregates.
Three new species of 'Amblyseius' Berlese from New Caledonia and Australia (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Both sexes of 'Amblyseius noumeae' sp. n. and 'A. montdorensis' sp. n. from various plants in New Caledonia and 'A markwelli' sp. n. from plants of the family Compositae in Queensland are described and figured.
Population Counts and Observations at the Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri Colony at Amanda Bay, Antarctica

White-cheeked Honeyeater Phylidonyris nigra Brown-backed Honeyeater Ramsayornis modestus Rufous-throated Honeyeater Conopophila rufogularis Eastern Spinebill Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris Scarlet Honeyeater Myzomela sanguinolenta Yellow-bellied Sunbird Nectarinia jugularis Spotted Pardalote Pardalotus punctatus Red-browed Paradalote P. rubricatus Yellow White-eye Zosterops lutea Silvereye 2. lateralis House Sparrow Passer domesticus Metallic Starling Aplonis metallica Yellow Oriole Oriolus flavocinctus Figbird Sphecotheres viridis Great Bowerbird Chlamydera nuchalis Tooth-billed Catbird Ailuroedus dentirostris Victoria's Riflebird Ptiloris victoriae Australian Magpie-Lark GraNina cyanoleuca White-breasted Woodswallow Artamus leucorhynchus Dusky Woodswallow A. cyanopterus Black Butcherbird Cracticus quoyi Pied Butcherbird C. nigrogularis Pied Currawong Strepera graculina Australian Raven Corvus coronoides Torresian Crow C. orru Raptors Black-shouldered Kite Elanus notatus Pacific Baza Aviceda subcristata Whistling Kite Haliastur sphenurus Brown Goshawk Accipiter fasciatus Grey Goshawk A . novaehollandiae White-bellied Sea-eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Rufous Owl Ninox rufa Barking Owl N. connivens Barn Owl Tyto alba Eastern Grass Owl T. longimembris X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Chipmunks use leverage to eat oversized eggs : Support for the use of quail eggs in artificial nest studies

delity in relation to breeding success in Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea. Bird Study 41: 25-28. WINK, M. , P. HEIDRICH, U. KAHL, AND I. SWATSCHEK. 1993. Interand intraspecific variation of the nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome b gene in Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea), Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) and the Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis). Zeitschrift Naturforschorschung 48:504-509. WOLFF, J. 0. 1993. What is the role of adults in mammalian juvenile dispersal? Oikos 68:173176. WOOLLER, R. D. , J. S. BRADLEY, AND J. P. CROXALL. 1992. Long-term population studies of seabirds. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:111-114.
Plant Species Abundance and Tissue Concentrations of Limiting Nutrients in Low-Nutrient Grasslands: A Test of Competition Theory

1 A 3-year study tested the hypothesis that proportions of plant species are negatively related to species concentrations of limiting nutrients using a moderately acid lowland grassland site in Northern Greece, where growth was limited by soil moisture, N and P. 2 Species proportions were assessed both by a cumulative measure (above-ground biomass duration for the whole growth period) and by yield at the peak of aboveground biomass of the community. Weighted N, P and K concentrations of species for the whole growth period were calculated by dividing above-ground N or P or K content duration by above-ground biomass duration. 3 Measurements during one growth period (seven samplings from mid March to mid June in 1991) showed that biomass was higher in roots than in shoots for most species examined. For total grasses and Rumex acetosella total N and P were higher in roots than in the shoot for the whole growth period. The dicot species Cichorium intybus, Hypochoeris radicata and Plantago lanceolata contained more N and P in shoots than in roots after mid April. 4 Weighted N, P and K concentrations of shoots were positively related to their respective concentrations of whole plants. 5 Addition of either N or P increased community productivity and changed species composition, especially in years when soil moisture was adequate. 6 Proportions of species were negatively related to weighted N concentrations of species. 7 Species with higher than average N or P concentrations showed the greatest relative increases when soil was enriched with N or P, respectively. 8 These results seem to be consistent with the regulation of species abundance by competition-driven nutrient depletion.
The role of relative body size in a predator-prey relationship between dragonfly naliads and larval anurans

Size-limited predator-prey systems can be the ecological background for natural selection on prey growth rate and body size. In a laboratory experiment on one such system, individual predatory Tramea lacerata (Odonata: Anisoptera: Libellulidae) naiads of varying sizes were exposed to three densities of Rana areolata (Anura: Ranidae) tadpoles in each of five size classes. Predation rate decreased with increases in tadpole body size. Larger naiads consumed slightly more tadpoles than did smaller naiads when tadpoles were very small, but at larger tadpole sizes, naiad size did not affect the predation rate. Although the number of tadpoles consumed increased with increasing tadpole density, the proportion of the total number that were eaten decreased with increasing density. When tadpoles were very small, naiads that ate more prey grew larger. When tadpoles were larger, there was little variation in the number eaten and no detectable relationship between the number eaten and subsequent naiad growth. These data resolve several paradoxical reports in the literature.
Regret Guarantees for Online Receding Horizon Control

In this paper we provide provable regret guarantees for an online receding horizon type control policy in a setting where the system to be controlled is an unknown linear dynamical system, the cost for the controller is a general additive function over a finite period $T$, and there exist control input constraints that when violated incur an additional cost. We show that the learning based receding horizon control policy achieves the regret of $O(T^{3/4})$ for both the controller's cost and cumulative constraint violation w.r. t the baseline receding horizon control policy that has full knowledge of the system.
Deep Neural Network Training with Frank-Wolfe

This paper studies the empirical efficacy and benefits of using projection-free first-order methods in the form of Conditional Gradients, a.k. a. Frank-Wolfe methods, for training Neural Networks with constrained parameters. We draw comparisons both to current state-of-the-art stochastic Gradient Descent methods as well as across different variants of stochastic Conditional Gradients. In particular, we show the general feasibility of training Neural Networks whose parameters are constrained by a convex feasible region using Frank-Wolfe algorithms and compare different stochastic variants. We then show that, by choosing an appropriate region, one can achieve performance exceeding that of unconstrained stochastic Gradient Descent and matching state-of-the-art results relying on L2-regularization. Lastly, we also demonstrate that, besides impacting performance, the particular choice of constraints can have a drastic impact on the learned representations.
Chiral kinetic theory of anomalous transport induced by torsion

In Weyl semimetals subjected to torsion, there are two different kinds of chirality: i) the (coordinate-space) shape of the twisted crystal is chiral, and ii) the momentum space contains chiral quasi-particles. Here we construct a general kinetic theory of anomalous transport using the phase space (coordinate and momentum spaces combined) Berry curvature induced by torsion in Weyl systems. We describe how torsion generates the chiral chemical potential, and thus leads to the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) in the presence of a background magnetic field. We propose to measure the CME current induced by the torsion as a way to detect the anomalous coupling between the coordinate-space and momentum-space chiralities.
Thylakoid Membrane Organisation in Sun/Shade Acclimation

The photosynthetic apparatus of plants responds to changing light quantity and quality with coordinated changes in both the light-harvesting antennae of the photosystems and the amounts of electron transport components and ATP synthase. These compositional modulations are accompanied by changes in thylakoid membrane organisation and photosynthetic capacity. It is now clear that there is a dynamic continuum of organisation and function of the photosynthetic apparatus from the appressed granal and non-appressed stroma thylakoids within a chloroplast, to different chloroplasts within a leaf, to leaves within and between species. While it is very unlikely that there is a unique solution to photosynthesis in the sun or shade, substantial changes in composition, and hence thylakoid membrane organisation and function, are elicited as part of sun/shade responses.
THE DEPOSITION OF SKELETAL STRUCTURES IN THE CRUSTACEA. I. THE HISTOLOGY OF THE GASTROLITH SKELETAL TISSUE COMPLEX AND THE GASTROLITH IN THE CRAYFISH, ORCONECTES (CAMBARUS) VIRILIS HAGEN—DECAPODA

1. The gastrolith discs of the fresh-water crayfish, Orconectes virilis Hagen, are located in the anterior lateral walls of the cardiac stomach and are themselves modified portions of the stomach wall.2. Histologically, the cuticular surface of the completed gastrolith disc (Stage C4), which forms part of the lining of the stomach, is composed of three differentiated layers: a thin non-calcified epicuticle, formed before molt; a thicker noncalcified exocuticle, laminated in nature, but neither crossed by pore canals, nor tegumental ducts, formed following molt and completed during Stage B; and the endocuticle, the thickest of the three layers, characterized by neither being laminated nor crossed by pore canals and possessing round granules without structure, embedded in a loose fibrous meshwork. The largest of these granules are located in the outer layers of the endocuticle very close to the exocuticle. The tissue complex of the completed gastrolith disc is composed of a single layer of columnar epiderma.
Clouds in Three-dimensional Models of Hot Jupiters over a Wide Range of Temperatures. I. Thermal Structures and Broadband Phase-curve Predictions

Using a general circulation model (GCM), we investigate trends in simulated hot Jupiter atmospheres for a range of irradiation temperatures (1500–4000 K), surface gravities (10 and 40 m s−2), and cloud conditions. Our models include simplified temperature-dependent clouds with radiative feedback and show how different cloud compositions, vertical thicknesses, and opacities shape hot Jupiter atmospheres by potentially increasing planetary albedos, decreasing photospheric pressures and nightside temperatures, and in some cases producing strong dayside thermal inversions. With decreasing irradiation, clouds progressively form on the nightside and cooler western limb, followed by the eastern limb and central dayside. We find that clouds significantly modify the radiative transport and affect the observable properties of planets colder than T irr ≈ 3000 K (T eq ≈ 2100 K) depending on the clouds’ vertical extent. The precise strength of expected effects depends on the assumed parameters, but trends in predicted phase curves emerge from an ensemble of simulations. Clouds lead to larger phase-curve amplitudes and smaller phase-curve offsets at IR wavelengths, compared to cloud-free models. At optical wavelengths, we predict mostly westward phase-curve offsets at intermediate temperatures (T irr ≈ 2000–3500 K) with clouds confined to the nightside and western limb. If clouds are vertically compact (i.e., on the order of a pressure scale height in thickness), their distributions and effects become more complicated as different condensates form at different heights—some too deep to significantly affect the observable atmosphere. Our results have implications for interpreting the diversity of phase-curve observations of planets with T irr ≲ 3000 K.
Phenology and drought affects the relationship between daily trunk shrinkage and midday stem water potential of peach trees

Summary The relationship between maximum daily shrinkage in trunks (MDS), daily trunk growth (DTG), predawn water potential (Ψpd) and midday stem water potential (Ψstem) were studied in an irrigation experiment in peach trees. Control trees were irrigated to replace evapotranspiration, with trees receiving regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) watered at 35% of this rate during Stage II of fruit development and after harvest. The RDI trees were watered as controls during Stage III of fruit development. Minimum (Ψpd and Ψstem fell to –0.6.MPa and –1.2 MPa, respectively in RDI plots compared with –0.2 and –0.6 MPa in the controls. Trunk growth was less in the RDI plots than in the controls during drought. In contrast, MDS was higher when deficit irrigation was applied in the RDI trees. When site differences were considered the correlation between (Ψpd and accumulated trunk growth over an ample period was loose, while maximum daily shrinkage and midday stem water potential remarkably improved such a correlation. However, pooling all available data, the correlation between Ψstem and MDS was very poor (R2=0.44) and it substantially improved only when using data from specific phenological periods (i.e. R2=0.75). A seasonal drift in MDS values was observed and it was related to the seasonal changes in trunk growth rates, (i.e. highest shrinkage was found when growth rates were lowest). We concluded that phenology in combination with drought reduce the reliability of the water status information obtained from MDS.
Motivic fundamental groups of CM elliptic curves and geometry of Bianchi hyperbolic threefolds.

In this paper we describe a connection between realizations of the action of the motivic Galois group on the motivic fundamental groups of Gaussian and Eisenstein elliptic curves punctured at the $\mathfrak{p}$-torsion points, $\pi_1^{\rm Mot}(E-E[\mathfrak{p}],v_0)$, and the geometry of the Bianchi hyperbolic threefolds $\Gamma_1(\mathfrak{p})\setminus\mathbb{H}^3$, where $\Gamma_1(\mathfrak{p})$ is a congruence subgroup of ${\rm GL}_2({\rm End}(E))$. The first instance of such a connection was found by A.Goncharov (arXiv:math/0510310). In particular, we study the Hodge realization of the image of the above action in the fundamental Lie algebra, a pronilpotent Lie algebra carrying a filtration by depth. The depth-1 associated graded quotient of the image is fully described by Beilinson and Levin's elliptic polylogarithms. In this paper, we consider the depth-2 associated graded quotient. One of our main results is the construction of a homomorphism from the complex computing the cohomology of a certain local system on the Bianchi threefold to this quotient's standard cochain complex. This result generalizes those of Goncharov, as well the connection between modular manifolds and the motivic fundamental group of $\mathbb{G}_m$ punctured at roots of unity (arXiv:1105.2076, arXiv:1910.10321). Our construction uses the mechanism of Hodge correlators, canonical generators in the image that were defined in arXiv:0803.0297. Our second main result is a system of double shuffle relations on the canonical real periods of these generators, the Hodge correlator integrals. These relations deform the relations on the depth-2 Hodge correlators on the projective line, previously found by the author (arXiv:2003.06521).
The Extremal Number of Surfaces

In 1973, Brown, Erdős and Sós proved that if $\mathcal{H}$ is a 3-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices which contains no triangulation of the sphere, then $\mathcal{H}$ has $O(n^{5/2})$ edges, and this bound is the best possible up to a constant factor. Resolving a conjecture of Linial, also reiterated by Keevash, Long, Narayanan and Scott, we show that the same result holds for triangulations of the torus. Furthermore, we extend our result to every closed orientable surface $\mathcal{S}$.
Spectrum of Cuscuton bounce

It has been recently shown that a cosmological bounce model based on Cuscuton gravity does not have any ghosts or curvature instabilities. We explore whether Cuscuton bounce can provide an alternative to inflation for generating near scale-invariant scalar perturbations. While a single field Cuscuton bounce generically produces a strongly blue power spectrum (for a variety of initial/boundary conditions), we demonstrate that scale-invariant entropy modes can be generated in a spectator field that starts in adiabatic vacuum, and is kinetically coupled to the primary field. Furthermore, our solution has no singularity, nor requires an ad hoc matching condition. We also study the generation of tensor modes (or gravitational waves) in Cuscuton bounce and show that while they are stable, similar to other bounce models, the produced spectrum is strongly blue and unobservable.
Exit versus escape a basin of attraction in noisy dynamical systems

We study a class of two-dimensional dynamical systems perturbed by small noise that exhibits a peculiar shift of the maximum associated to the probability density function from the point attractor. Using WKB approximation and numerical simulations, we examine the density of point inside the attractor and we found an algebraically relation for the distance between the maximum and the attractor with respect to the noise amplitude σ. For such systems, we further report that exiting from the basin of attraction is not sufficient to characterize the escape. Indeed, trajectories after crossing the boundary can return several times inside before eventually escaping far away. Finally, we apply the present results to study the distribution of the interburst durations in time series generated by mean-field model of excitatory neuronal networks.
Power in Liquid Democracy

The paper develops a theory of power for delegable proxy voting systems. We define a power index able to measure the influence of both voters and delegators. Using this index, which we characterize axiomatically, we extend an earlier game-theoretic model by incorporating power-seeking behavior by agents. We analytically study the existence of pure strategy Nash equilibria in such a model. Finally, by means of simulations, we study the effect of several parameters on the emergence of power inequalities in the model.