Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Adaptive Parsons Problems to Scaffold Write-Code Problems

In this paper, we explore using Parsons problems to scaffold novice programmers who are struggling while solving write-code problems. Parsons problems, in which students put mixed-up code blocks in order, can be created quickly and already serve thousands of students while other types of programming support methods are expensive to develop or do not scale. We conducted two studies in which novices were given equivalent Parsons problems as optional scaffolding while solving write-code problems. We investigated when, why, and how students used the Parsons problems as well as their perceptions of the benefits and challenges. A think-aloud observational study with 11 undergraduate students showed that students utilized the Parsons problem before writing a solution to get ideas about where to start; during writing a solution when they were stuck; and after writing a solution to debug errors and look for better strategies. Semi-structured interviews with the same 11 undergraduate students provided evidence that using Parsons problems to scaffold write-code problems helped students to reduce the difficulty, reduce the problem completion time, learn problem-solving strategies, and refine their programming knowledge. However, some students found them less useful if the Parsons solution did not match their approach or if they did not understand the solution. We then conducted a between-subjects classroom study with 81 undergraduate students to investigate the effects on learning. We found that students who received Parsons problems as scaffolding during write-code problems spent significantly less time solving those problems. However, there was no significant learning gain in either condition from pretest to posttest. We also discuss the design implications of our findings.
E-learning Acceptance Model in a Pandemic Period with an expansion to the Quality Work-Life and IT Self Efficacy Aspects

—This study was inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected face-to-face learning, leading to the e-learning system. The learning system that was originally done face-to-face was forced to go online. Educational institutions and related parties are not prepared for this sudden change. So it is interesting to research the intentions of students related to learning during this pandemic in the framework of the technology acceptance model. Specifically, it aimed to analyze the acceptance and satisfaction model of e-learning users amid the pandemic. The proposed model that predicts student intentions and satisfaction with e-learning is an expanded Technology Acceptance Model with work-life quality factors and information technology self efficacy. This research will provide empirical evidence related to the dimensions of quality work-balance and the ability to use information technology related to e-learning access, in addition to other factors in the technology acceptance model. The data was collected using online questionnaires with a snowball sampling model. The sample included students from various Indonesian universities voluntarily filling out the questionnaire. The structural equation model processed the data using a Partial Least Square (PLS) approach and analyzed it through the SmartPLS3 program. The results showed that the variables of quality of work life and self-efficacy of information technology such as computers, internet, and communication can explain the acceptance of e-learning models, especially during a pandemic. As an implication of the results of this study shows that Teachers should focus on e-learning designs that facilitate access to lecture material and student-teacher interactions in order to attract intentions and increase student satisfaction in using e-learning.
Jet Production in the More Extended Extragalactic Radio Sources and Unification with Compact Steep Spectrum Sources

Analytical methods and simple linear regression analyses have been used in this paper to show the possibility that jet production by magnetization predominates over other mechanisms of jet production in the more extended extragalactic radio sources (EGRS) with low power output. We estimate accretion-induced magnetic field and jet-driving magnetic field of some more extended EGRS in our sample. A possible implication of the results obtained through simple linear regression analyses of data estimated for the two aforementioned fields, is that jet production by magnetization predominates in the more extended EGRSs with lower power output; while in those sources with higher power output, the converse may be the case. That is, other processes, such as, hydrodynamic, thermal, and radiation pressures may predominate over jet magnetization. Similar results were obtained by [10] for the compact steep spectrum sources (CSS). This similarity between these two sources – the more extended EGRS and CSS – simply suggests that CSS sources are simply scaled-down versions of the more extended EGRS.
Information Systems Research Themes: A Seventeen-year Data-driven Temporal Analysis

Extending the research on our discipline’s identity, we examine how the major research themes have evolved in four top IS journals: Management Information Systems Quarterly (MISQ), Information Systems Research (ISR), Journal of the Association for Information Systems (JAIS), and Journal of Management Information Systems (JMIS). By doing so, we answer Palvia, Daneshvar Kakhki, Ghoshal, Uppala, and Wang’s (2015) call to provide continuous updates to the research trends in IS due to the discipline’s dynamism. Second, building on Sidorov, Evangelopoulos, Valacich, and Ramakrishnan (2008) we examine temporal trends in prominent research streams over the last 17 years. We show that, as IS research evolves over time, certain themes appear to endure the test of time, while others peak and trough. More importantly, our analysis identifies new emergent themes that have begun to gain prominence in IS research community. Further, we break down our findings by journal and show the type of content that they may desire most. Our findings also allow the IS research community to discern the specific contributions and roles of our premier journals in the evolution of research themes over time.
Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology

Part I. Experimental Studies: 2. Experiment in psychology 3. Experiments on perceiving III Experiments on imaging 4-8. Experiments on remembering: (a) The method of description (b) The method of repeated reproduction (c) The method of picture writing (d) The method of serial reproduction (e) The method of serial reproduction picture material 9. Perceiving, recognizing, remembering 10. A theory of remembering 11. Images and their functions 12. Meaning Part II. Remembering as a Study in Social Psychology: 13. Social psychology 14. Social psychology and the matter of recall 15. Social psychology and the manner of recall 16. Conventionalism 17. The notion of a collective unconscious 18. The basis of social recall 19. A summary and some conclusions.
Information cryptography using cellular automata and digital image processing

Abstract In the recent era, security of the data and information is a very big challenge. The society is also facing a lot of challenges to preserve the security of information. The proposed research explores an asymmetric key encryption and decryption method by processing an image. The keys are extracted from the image by selecting a window from the image. The proposed research includes the concepts of cellular automata to increasing strength of the method. The cellular automata technique suggests proposed keys to encode and decode the information by analyzing image pixels intensity.
Soil and Freshwater Bioassays to Assess Ecotoxicological Impact on Soils Affected by Mining Activities in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

This study aims to use geochemical, mineralogical, ecotoxicological and biological indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the ecological risks related to the mobility, ecotoxicity and bioavailability of potentially harmful elements in the Lousal mining district. Particularly, toxicity was evaluated using four assays: algae, cytotoxicity assays with HaCaT cell line (dermal), earthworms and Daphnia magna. The geochemical and mineralogical characterization of the studied area shows that the mine wastes underwent intense weathering processes, producing important contamination of the adjacent soils, which also led to the release and mobilization of PHEs into nearby water courses. Total PTE results indicate that the soils affected by mining activities were highly contaminated with As and Cu, while Zn and Pb content ranged from low to very high, depending on the analyzed samples. Cadmium levels were found to be very low in most of the soil samples. The test using Daphnia magna was the most sensitive bioassay, while the Eisenia foetida test was the least sensitive. Except for the LOS07 soil sample, the rest of the soils were classified as “High acute toxicity” and “Very high acute toxicity” for aquatic systems. The results in HACaT cells showed results similar to the ecotoxicological bioassays. The application of biotests, together with geochemical and mineralogical characterization, is a very useful tool to establish the degree of contamination and the environmental risk of potentially harmful elements.
Attitudes and Behaviors of Physical Activity in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Findings from PLAY Questionnaire

Abstract: Purpose To investigate the domains of physical activity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to compare these findings to typically developed (TD) children. Methods: A cross-sectional study design. Responses of the four domains in Play Lifestyle and Activity in Youth (PLAY) questionnaire were descriptively analyzed and compared between children with CP (GMFCS I-II) and TD children. Results: Fifty-three children with CP (N = 53, 36 males and 17 females, age of 8.4 ± 1.7 years) and 58 TD children (N = 58, 34 males and 24 females, age of 7.6 ± 1.4 years) participated in this study. In analyses of daily behavior, reported participation in weekly (adaptive) physical education (PE) and sports were more frequent in children with CP (0.6 ± 0.5 days per week) compared to TD children (0.4 ± 0.6 days per week, p = 0.040). Outside play time including free play, organized (adaptive) sports and recess were higher in children with CP (2.7 ± 0.8 days per week) than TD children (2.4 ± 0.7 days per week, p = 0.022). About motivation/attitudes, a higher proportion of TD children feel sad if they are not able to play sports during the day (74.1%) compared to children with CP (48.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Physical activity level was comparable between children with CP and age-matched TD children, while TD children showed higher scores in knowledge and understanding, motivation/attitudes, and physical competence.
Emerging Perspectives of Bone Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Recent evidence suggests the global incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are increasing. Although the highest incidence of HCC remains entrenched in WHO regions with high levels of HBV-HCV infection, the etiology of this disease is rapidly changing to include other lifestyle risk factors. Extrahepatic metastasis is a frequent feature of advanced HCC and most commonly locates in the lungs and bone. Bone metastasis in HCC (HCC-BM) signals a more aggressive stage of disease and a poorer prognosis, simultaneously HCC-BM compromises the function and integrity of bone tissue. HCC induced osteolysis is a prominent feature of metastasis that complicates treatment needed for pathologic fractures, bone pain and other skeletal events like hypercalcemia and nerve compression. Early detection of bone metastases facilitates the treatment strategy for avoiding and relieving complications. Although recent therapeutic advances in HCC like targeting agents and immunotherapy have improved survival, the prognosis for patients with HCC-BM remains problematic. The identification of critical HCC-BM pathways in the bone microenvironment could provide important insights to guide future detection and therapy. This review presents an overview of the clinical development of bone metastases in HCC, identifying key clinical features and identifying potential molecular targets that can be deployed as diagnostic tools or therapeutic agents.
Drought in Indian perspective, its impact on major crops and livestock and remedial measures

Drought is one of the important natural disasters which lead to maximum severity to human among all others. The vulnerability increases with the resource poor nature of developing and under developing nations. Considering the extent of rainfed area in India, the vulnerability to drought is higher compared to other peer nations. It has implications on agriculture, livestock, fisheries, rural employment, human nutrition and health. However, the impact initiates with crop production and encompasses livestock in medium term which has severe economic implications for farmer. Therefore, it is desirable to present an extensive study on the impact of drought on major crops and livestock in India. Further, we have also emphasized on the remedial measures to be followed for crop production and livestock.
A New class of rational multistep methods for solving initial value problem

There exists initial value problem whose solution possesses singularity. Studies show that conventional numerical method such as multistep method fail woefully near the singular point when solving problem whose solution possesses singularity. This is because a multistep method is based on the local representation of polynomial of the theoretical solution of an initial value problem. Therefore, a natural step would appear to be the replacement of the polynomial function for a multistep method, by a rational function due to its smooth behaviour in the neighbourhood of singularity. In this paper, we have developed a new class of twostep numerical methods that are based on rational functions in solving general initial value problem and problem whose solution possesses singularity. These new methods are called rational multistep methods. The developments of these rational multistep methods, as well as the local truncation error and stability analysis for each rational multistep method are presented. We have found out that only the second order, third order and fourth order rational multistep methods are A-stable. Numerical experiments have showed that all newly developed rational multistep methods presented in this paper are suitable to solve general initial value problem, stiff problem and problem whose solution possesses singularity.
An advanced SEU tolerant latch based on error detection

This paper proposes a latch that can mitigate SEUs via an error detection circuit. The error detection circuit is hardened by a C-element and a stacked PMOS. In the hold state, a particle strikes the latch or the error detection circuit may cause a fault logic state of the circuit. The error detection circuit can detect the upset node in the latch and the fault output will be corrected. The upset node in the error detection circuit can be corrected by the C-element. The power dissipation and propagation delay of the proposed latch are analyzed by HSPICE simulations. The proposed latch consumes about 77.5% less energy and 33.1% less propagation delay than the triple modular redundancy (TMR) latch. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed latch can mitigate SEU effectively.
Influence of organic nutrient sources on fruit yield and antioxidant properties of Nigerian pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) morphotypes

A field experiment was carried out during the early cropping season of 2015 at the Teaching and Research Farm, Osun State University, Ejigbo campus, Nigeria. The study evaluated the effects of organic manures on fruit yield and antioxidant properties of green and orange morphotypes of Nigerian pumpkin. Pumpkin, locally called Elegede in the South-West Nigeria is used as an indigenous vegetable. Cattle and poultry manures were applied as treatments at the rates of 10 t ha–1 each, there was a control (plants that were treated with neither cattle nor poultry manure). The experiment was a factorial experiment, set out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. At maturity, the fruits were harvested, yield data were taken and selected fruits across treatments were analyzed for antioxidant activities, phenol, flavonoids, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin. Results showed that the orange morphotype out-yielded the green morphotype. Also, the yields of the plants that received cattle and poultry manures did not differ statistically. The antioxidant activities and parameters studied across the morphotypes were highest in the control and cattle manure but lowest in plants treated with poultry manure. For optimal yield and bioaccumulation of antioxidants in pumpkin fruits, cattle manure is preferred in the study area.
Gut Microbiota and Sex Hormones: Crosstalking Players in Cardiometabolic and Cardiovascular Disease

The available evidence indicates a close connection between gut microbiota (GM) disturbance and increased risk of cardiometabolic (CM) disorders and cardiovascular (CV) disease. One major objective of this narrative review is to discuss the key contribution of dietary regimen in determining the GM biodiversity and the implications of GM dysbiosis for the overall health of the CV system. In particular, emerging molecular pathways are presented, linking microbiota-derived signals to the local activation of the immune system as the driver of a systemic proinflammatory state and permissive condition for the onset and progression of CM and CV disease. We further outline how the cross-talk between sex hormones and GM impacts disease susceptibility, thereby offering a mechanistic insight into sexual dimorphism observed in CVD. A better understanding of these relationships could help unravel novel disease targets and pave the way to the development of innovative, low-risk therapeutic strategies based on diet interventions, GM manipulation, and sex hormone analogues.
Antiproliferative activity of moringa oleifera's leaves ethanolic extract and docetaxel on lncap cell line and on the level of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand

Background: Cancer is abnormal cells growth that is responsible for the majority of global deaths and cancer is expected to rank as leading cause of death and the single most important barrier to increasing life expectancy in every country of the world in the 21st century. According to the estimates from the world health organization in 2015, cancer is the first or second leading cause of death before age 70 years in 91 of 172 countries, and it ranks third or fourth in an additional 22 countries. Many anti-cancer drugs in current use such as paclitaxel, vincristine, and vinblastine are naturally derived agents. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of ethanolic leaves extract of Moringa oleifera and docetaxel each separately and in combinations on the proliferation of LNCaP cell line, and on the level of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis induced ligand (TRAIL). Methods: This work was performed in the laboratory of cancer research at college of medicine\ university of Babylon during the period from January 2021 to October 2021. The study was approved by the ethics committee in the college of medicine at university of Babylon.
Immunoscore Combining CD8, FoxP3, and CD68-Positive Cells Density and Distribution Predicts the Prognosis of Head and Neck Cancer Patients

We assessed immune cell infiltrates to develop an immunoscore for prognosis and to investigate its correlation with the clinical data of patients with head and neck cancer. CD8, FoxP3, and CD68 markers were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 258 carcinoma samples and positive cells were counted in stromal and intra-tumoral compartments. The RStudio software was used to assess optimal cut-offs to divide the population according to survival while the prognostic value was established by using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression models for each immune marker alone and in combination. We found with univariate analysis that the infiltration of immune cells in both compartments was predictive for recurrence-free survival and overall survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that CD8+ density was an independent prognostic marker. Additionally, the combination of CD8, FoxP3, and CD68 in an immunoscore provided a significant association with overall survival (p = 0.002, HR = 9.87). Such an immunoscore stayed significant (p = 0.018, HR = 11.17) in a multivariate analysis in comparison to tumor stage and histological grade, which had lower prognostic values. Altogether, our analysis indicated that CD8, FoxP3, and CD68 immunoscore was a strong, independent, and significant prognostic marker that could be introduced into the landscape of current tools to improve the clinical management of head and neck cancer patients.
Competition in two-tier serial and assembly supply chains with general consumer utility functions

We consider two-tier serial supply chains with multiple entrants at each tier and investigate the existence of an equilibrium under a general consumer utility function corresponding to a general inverse price-demand function. In the case of a polynomial inverse price-demand function, we obtain closed-form expressions for the equilibrium prices, the production quantities and the profits of the supply chain entrants. We conclude that the quantity of finished goods supplied to the market, the maximum total operating profit accrued by all supply chain entrants, and the elasticity of the (imputed) demand are all sensitive to the elasticity of slope of the polynomial inverse price-demand function. We then extend our analysis to two-tier assembly supply chains and conclude that most of our results extend to them as well.