Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement-Learning Based Dynamic Transmission Range Adjustment in Medium Access Control for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL) based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol with dynamic transmission range control (TRC). This protocol provides an adaptive, multi-hop, energy-efficient solution for communication in underwater sensors networks. It features a contention-based TRC scheme with a reactive multi-hop transmission. The protocol has the ability to adjust to network conditions using RL-based learning algorithm. The combination of TRC and RL algorithms can hit a balance between the energy consumption and network performance. Moreover, the proposed adaptive mechanism for relay-selection provides better network utilization and energy-efficiency over time, comparing to existing solutions. Using a straightforward ALOHA-based channel access alongside “helper-relays” (intermediate nodes), the protocol is able to obtain a substantial amount of energy savings, achieving up to 90% of the theoretical “best possible” energy efficiency. In addition, the protocol shows a significant advantage in MAC layer performance, such as network throughput and end-to-end delay.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a guide for psychiatrists

SUMMARY Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare and potentially fatal adverse reaction to drugs. In psychiatric practice, it is mainly associated with antipsychotics. The classic presentation is that of hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, mental state changes and autonomic instability. Subtle forms are difficult to recognise owing to symptom overlap with other conditions. This article discusses the clinical presentation of the syndrome, its differential diagnosis and use of supportive care, medication and electroconvulsive therapy in its treatment. It also explores prevention of NMS and reinstatement of treatment after an episode. It is stressed that all but the mildest forms of NMS should be considered a medical emergency that is properly managed in an acute hospital.
High Interfacial Hole‐Transfer Efficiency at GaFeO3 Thin Film Photoanodes

The photoelectrochemical properties of polycrystalline GaFeO3 (GFO) thin films are investigated for the first time. Thin films prepared by sol–gel methods exhibit phase‐pure orthorhombic GFO with the Pc21n space group, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Optical responses are characterized by a 2.72 eV interband transition and sub‐bandgap d–d transitions associated with octahedral and tetrahedral coordination of Fe3+ sites. DFT‐HSE06 electronic structure calculations show GFO is highly ionic with very low dispersion in the valence band maximum (VBM) and conduction band minimum (CBM). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals n‐type conductivity with a flat band potential (Ufb) of 0.52 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, indicating that GFO has the most positive CBM reported of any ferrite. The photoelectrochemical oxidation of SO32− shows an ideal semiconductor–electrolyte interfacial behavior with no evidence of surface recombination down to the Ufb. Surprisingly, the onset potential for the oxygen evolution reaction also coincides with the Ufb, showing interfacial hole‐transfer efficiency above 50%. The photoelectrochemical properties are limited by bulk recombination due to the short‐diffusion length of minority carriers as well as slow transport of majority carriers. Strategies towards developing high‐efficiency GFO photoanodes are briefly discussed.
Long Term Manuring and Fertilization Effect on Soil Properties in Terrace Soil

The study was carried out the influence of long term manuring and fertilization on soil properties. Soil samples were collected in 2016 from a highly weathered terrace soil with rice-wheat cropping pattern at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) experimental farm having five OM (control, cow dung, green manure, rice straw and compost) treatments combined with three mineral N fertilizer (control, 155 kg ha, 220 kg ha) levels. Long term (28 years) application of mineral fertilizers and manure resulted in significant differences in soil organic carbon, total N content, C:N ratio of soil and soil pHKCl between the treatments. The soil organic carbon content varied among the different treatments from 6.11 g OC kg (application of rice straw and no N) to 9.43 g OC kg -1 (application of compost and 220 kg N ha -1 yr -1 ). The total soil N content varied among the different treatments from 0.41 g N kg (application of rice straw and no N) to 0.73 g N kg -1 (application of compost and 220 kg N ha -1 yr -1 ). The C:N ratios of the soil varied among the Original Research Article Ahmed et al.; ARJA, 13(2): 44-52, 2020; Article no.ARJA. 61226 45 different treatments from 13.3 (application of no exogenous OM and no N) to 15.1(application of green manure and no N). The soil pH varied among the different treatments from 4.42 (application of cow dung and 220 kg N ha -1 yr ) to 4.89 (application of compost/cow dung and no N). So, long term fertilization and manuring undoubtedly bring some changes in the physiochemical soil properties of terrace soil.
Optical spin glasses: a new model for glassy systems

The aim of this work is to prove that it is possible to realise an optical system which produces as output a light intensity that can be expressed in the same mathematical form of the spin glass Hamiltonian. The optical system under study is controlled through an adaptive optics device composed by millions of switchable mirrors in an ON and OFF position. These user controlled mirrors are playing the role of the spin states. Furthermore, such optical system can be used to run simulations and, applying the same Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm used in computer simulations, extract the quantities of interest for Spin Glass physics. The proposed system has a great advantage over existing computer-based spin glass simulations: the simulation step has no scaling dependence on the total number of spins $N$ and the whole simulation has a linear dependence on $N$, due to the fact that we want to keep the number of moves per spin constant. This should be compared to the $N^2$ dependence of a single Monte Carlo move in computer simulation, which yields a global N3 dependence. Some experimental problems limit such advantage, but are partially addressed at the end of the presentation.
Toxicity effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles: a brief report

In this work, magnesium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel route and their ecotoxicity was tested in worms of the Eisenia andrei species. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, surface area via BET, TEM and SEM-FEG/EDS. The lethality test with Eisenia andrei earthworm species followed the recommendations of ISO 11268-1 (ISO, 2012) in a completely randomized design with six replicates for each concentration tested (1.06, 2.12, 4.24, 8.48 and 16.96 μg of NPs-MgO/kg of soil), plus the control. The concentrations were mixed to the tropical natural soils, Entisol Typic Quartzipsamments and Oxisol, with no agricultural use history. The morphological and structural analyses of the nanoparticles indicated the formation of magnesium oxide with cubic structure, constituting agglomerates of nanostructures of the order of 20 to 50 nm. The results of toxicity were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA One-way), followed by the Dunnett test (p <0.05). Based on standardized toxicological tests it was found that NPs-MgO, at the concentrations tested, did not affect the survival of Eisenia andrei species in the natural soils studied. Keywords: Terrestrial toxicity of nanoparticles, edaphic fauna, Terrestrial toxicity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles.
Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms Associated with Automated Teller Machines in Calabar Metropolis

The metallic keyboards of automated teller machines situated within Calabar metropolis were investigated for microbial contamination due to their vast dermal contact by multiple users. Swab sticks soaked with normal sterile saline were used to collect specimens from the keypads. Isolation was done on nutrient agar and eosine methylene blue (EMB) for bacteria and Sabouraud dextrose agar for fungi using standard microbiological procedures. Identification of microorganisms was done using colonial, microscopic and biochemical characteristics. The results reveal that these machines that serve as cash dispensing device can be a potential disease dispensing machines as samples analyzed revealed bacterial isolates such as Staphylococcus spp (32%)), Bacillus spp (24%), Escherichia spp (20%), Pseudomonas spp (18%) and Salmonella spp (6%) while fungal isolates of the samples analyzed include microorganisms such as Rhizopus spp (56%), Aspergillus spp, (25%) and Penicillium spp (19%). These findings necessitate the need for adequate personal hygiene by users and frequent routine cleaning of these machines by the bank’s authorities is highly recommended.
DESIGNING PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING THROUGH NARRATIVE STORIES FOR MICROTEACHING CLASS USING ADDIE MODEL

This research aimed to design a reflection book as a set of problem-based learning (PBL) for a supplementary material in Microteaching class. The book was developed not only to assist pre-service English teachers (PSETs) undergoing Microteaching class to understand real problems in school context, but also to help them enhance their problem-solving skill through critical reflection and discussion. This book was designed by implementing ADDIE model, consisting of five phases, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. This product was formatively evaluated within the Analysis, Design, Development and Implementation phases and was field tested in Microteaching class comprising of 19 PSETs from the English Language Education Study Program in Tuladha University (pseudonym). In the last stage, summative evaluation was conducted by two subject matter experts whose background was both English education lecturers and book authors. Product validation included narrative story aspect and reflective activities. The validation result showed that the book was appropriate and practical for enhancing PSETs’ problem-solving skill.
Nanoscale heat transfer investigation of an array of impinging jet systems with different working fluids under crossflow with and without pin fins

In the current numerical study, the thermal and flow field performance of an array of confined multiple jets with air, water, and water‐Al2O3 nanofluid in the maximum crossflow configuration over the target plate with and without pin fins is investigated. The numerical results are validated with the experimental data; it is found that a reasonable prediction related to heat transfer can be made. For this study, steady‐state Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes simulations with the shear‐stress transport k ‐ ω turbulence model in ANSYS Fluent were performed. The simulations are performed with volumetric concentration ϕ = 0.2 % to 3% and the jet's Reynolds number Re = 15 000 to 35 000. In all cases, the jet outlet‐to‐target plate distance Z / D is 3. It is found that the increase in values of the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles results in a decrease of the Nusselt number and an increase of the convective heat transfer coefficient. This is because there is an increase in thermal conductivity of the working fluid with the increase in the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles for the same Reynolds number. About 81.5% and 89.1% enhancement in the average heat transfer flux values is observed for flat and pin fin‐roughened target plates, respectively, for ϕ = 3 % .
Facilitating Memory-Based Lie Detection in Immediate and Delayed Interviewing: The Role of Sketch Mnemonic

Memory enhancing techniques, or mnemonics, are typically recommended in evidence-based investigative interviewing guidelines. In the current study, the use of a sketch mnemonic and its effect on the responses of truth tellers and liars was examined. Participants (n = 49) watched a mock intelligence operation video. They were instructed to tell the truth or lie about this operation in an interview immediately afterwards, and again after a two-week delay. In both interviews participants were requested to make a sketch of the place of the mock operation, and then to verbally describe the drawing. Results revealed that truth tellers reported more visual, spatial, temporal, and action details than liars in the immediate interview. Truth tellers also reported more spatial, temporal and action details than liars in the delayed interview. Truth tellers experienced a decline in reporting action details after the delay, whereas liars did not show a decline in reporting any details over time. Thus, truth-tellers showed patterns of reporting indicative of genuine memory decay, whereas liars produced patterns reflecting a ‘stability bias’. Between-statement consistency was not different across veracity conditions.
Spin Transitions and Compressibility of ε‐Fe7N3 and γ′‐Fe4N: Implications for Iron Alloys in Terrestrial Planet Cores

Iron nitrides are possible constituents of the cores of Earth and other terrestrial planets. Pressure‐induced magnetic changes in iron nitrides and effects on compressibility remain poorly understood. Here we report synchrotron X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results for ε‐Fe7N3 and γ′‐Fe4N up to 60 GPa at 300 K. The XES spectra reveal completion of high‐ to low‐spin transition in ε‐Fe7N3 and γ′‐Fe4N at 43 and 34 GPa, respectively. The completion of the spin transition induces stiffening in bulk modulus of ε‐Fe7N3 by 22% at ~40 GPa, but has no resolvable effect on the compression behavior of γ′‐Fe4N. Fitting pressure‐volume data to the Birch‐Murnaghan equation of state yields V0 = 83.29 ± 0.03 (Å3), K0 = 232 ± 9 GPa, K0′ = 4.1 ± 0.5 for nonmagnetic ε‐Fe7N3 above the spin transition completion pressure, and V0 = 54.82 ± 0.02 (Å3), K0 = 152 ± 2 GPa, K0′ = 4.0 ± 0.1 for γ′‐Fe4N over the studied pressure range. By reexamining evidence for spin transition and effects on compressibility of other candidate components of terrestrial planet cores, Fe3S, Fe3P, Fe7C3, and Fe3C based on previous XES and XRD measurements, we located the completion of high‐ to low‐spin transition at ~67, 38, 50, and 30 GPa at 300 K, respectively. The completion of spin transitions of Fe3S, Fe3P, and Fe3C induces elastic stiffening, whereas that of Fe7C3 induces elastic softening. Changes in compressibility at completion of spin transitions in iron‐light element alloys may influence the properties of Earth's and planetary cores.
The mitochondrial genome of the endemic Brazilian paradoxical frog Pseudis tocantins (Hylidae)

Abstract In this work, we present for the first time the mitochondrial genome of a paradoxical frog (Pseudis tocantins). This genome is 15.56 kb, excluding the control region, and is similar in gene content to other hylid mitogenomes. Maximum likelihood analysis, using the mitogenomes of several anurans, indicated P. tocantins as closely related to other hylid species.
Electromagnetic Micro-Structure Non-Destructive Testing: Sparsity-Constrained and Combined Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network Methods

How to locate missing rods within a micro-structure composed of a grid-like, finite set of infinitely long circular cylindrical dielectric rods under the sub-wavelength condition is investigated. Sub-wavelength distances between adjacent rods and sub-wavelength rod diameters require super-resolution, beyond the Rayleigh criterion. Two different methods are proposed to achieve this: One builds upon the multiple scattering expansion method (MSM), and it enforces strong sparsity-prior information. The other is a data-driven method that combines convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN), and it can be applied in effect with little knowledge of the wavefield interactions involved, in much contrast with the previous one. Comprehensive numerical simulations are proposed in terms of the missing rod number, shape, the frequency of observation, and the configuration of the tested structures. Both methods are shown to achieve suitable detection, yet under more or less stringent conditions as discussed.
Allometry rather than abiotic drivers explains biomass allocation among leaves, stems and roots of Artemisia across a large environmental gradient in China

Biomass allocation patterns reflect the adaptive strategies of plants growing in different environments, which is a central issue in comparative plant ecology and evolution. However, the factors underpinning specific allocation patterns across organs and the existence of general rules governing allocation remain contentious. Optimal partitioning theory (OPT) states that plants can respond to resource availability by allocating relatively more biomass to the organ that captures the most limiting resources to optimize growth. In contrast, allometric partitioning theory (APT) postulates that biomass allocation among organs is a power function of plant size independently of environmental variation. As phylogenetic and growth form constraints (e.g. formation of inert heartwood in tree clades) may also affect biomass allocation, comparison among and within closely related taxa of rather similar growth form may enable a more direct testing of which of these two theories prevails. To test whether OPT or APT was prevalent at wide geographical scale, we investigated biomass allocation patterns among leaves, stems and roots of 1,022 plants of 62 Artemisia species (Asteraceae) collected along broad climate (annual mean temperature range: −4.9 to 18.0°C, annual mean precipitation range: 193–1,668 mm) and soil gradients (soil carbon content range: 1.6–15.4 kg C m−2) in central and eastern China. There were strong allometric relationships among leaf mass (ML), stem mass (MS) and root mass (MR) at both interspecific and intraspecific levels. Moreover, the interspecific and intraspecific patterns were not different from general patterns for pooled plants, that is, ML/MR and ML/MS, but not MS/MR, generally decreased with plant size. However, the three organ mass ratios were not responsive to broad climatic or soil gradients after the effect of plant size was removed. Synthesis. Our results generally support APT instead of OPT, suggesting that Artemisia plants have evolved an allometric strategy rather than relying on adjustment of allocation among organs to adapt to the broadly varying environments at the regional scale. For follow‐up research, we hypothesize that the strong allometric constraints on biomass allocation should depend on strong physiological adaptive responses of the different organs of Artemisia to environmental gradients.
Police officers’ awareness of the speech, language and communication needs of young offenders

Around 60% of young people in conflict with the law experience speech, language and communication needs (SLCN). This study investigates Police Scotland officers’ awareness of the SLCN of young offenders, strategies officers use to support SLCN and their interest in further training on SLCN. A majority had worked with young offenders with SLCN and were fairly confident in recognising these needs. The most common support strategy was to involve outside agencies, specifically Appropriate Adults. Increased speech and language therapy services are needed to train Police Officers to recognise and support SLCN without reliance on other agencies.
Single‐surgeon parotidectomy outcomes in an academic center experience during a 15‐year period

As large single‐surgeon series in the literature are lacking, we sought to review a single‐surgeon's experience with parotidectomy in an academic center, with a focused analysis of pathology, technique, and facial nerve (FN) weakness. Benchmark values for complications and operative times with routine trainee involvement and without continuous FN monitoring are offered.
The application and optimization of super-resolution reconstruction for isotropic out-of-plane MRI to study the musculoskeletal system

ABSTRACT In this paper we optimised and adapted a post-processing super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) algorithm for its use in the semi-automated isotropic reconstruction of non-isotropically acquired musculoskeletal magnetic resonance image (MRI) data. The ability to produce isotropic MRI data facilitated the (1) enhanced out-of-plane image visualisation; (2) semi-automated image registration with CT data of the same anatomical site; and (3) improved image segmentation. The effectiveness of the SRR algorithm was demonstrated on several musculoskeletal scans including ex vivo tibial plateaus, in vivo knees and hands with varying levels of structural complexity and potential for motion artefact.
Effects of Desflurane and Isoflurane on Postanaesthetic Recovery Characteristics with Hepatic and Renal Functions in Dogs

4 Abstract: The aim of the study, was to investigate the effects of desflurane and isoflurane on postanaesthetic recovery characteristics with hepatic and renal functions in dogs. Sixteen adult mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing between 16-21 kg were equally divided into 2 groups. Anaesthesia was induced with 0.3 mg kg 1 desflurane or 1.3-1.5% isoflurane. Heart and respiration rates, arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation and rectal temperatures were monitored before, during, 1 h and 1 day after anaesthesia periodically and postanaesthetic recovery score times were also observed. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ- glutamyltransferase, blood urea nitrogen, total bilirubin and creatinine levels were measured in venous blood samples. Postanaesthetic recovery scores including time to standing, time to reaching sternal recumbency, eye opening and time to extubation were found shorter in desflurane group than isoflurane group (p<0.05). Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase activities were non-significantly increased in the isoflurane group and there were no change between groups. Total bilirubin and creatinine levels were non-significa ntly decreased, blood urea nitrogen levels were non-significantly increased within normal range during and after the anaesthesia in both groups. The present study reveals 2 important results. Firstly, desflurane provided faster anaesthetic induction, recovery with less excitation and rapid recovery times (p<0.05) and the dogs stood up in shorter time than those of isoflurane. Secondly, this study indicates that both volatile agents have no harmful side effects on renal and hepatic functions in dogs.