Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Reported Student Awareness and Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome During COVID-19 Pandemic at Al-Baha University

Background The rapid increase increased, in using of video display terminals during the COVID-19 pandemic predisposes users to a variety of health problems restricted to visual problems and including various musculoskeletal problems, collectively known as computer vision syndrome (CVS) or computer vision syndrome. Aim This study aims to ascertain university students’ awareness of computer vision syndrome at Al-Baha University, including the nature, sources, accuracy, and completeness of information, as well as the attitudes towards CVS, and mitigative practices. Methods This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and a convenient sample of 310 (80.0% male) students drawn from Al Baha University campuses. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Results The mean age of the participants was 23.51 years (SD=5.42). The results show that 78.7%, 66.1%, and 11.6% received CVS information from social media, mass media, and family, respectfully. Despite 70% of respondents being aware of CVS manifestations, between 42% to 67% of those sampled had accurate and complete information about the meaning, causes, prevention, and management of the syndrome. More than a third of the participants had either a good (62.9%) or average (29%) total knowledge of CVS. Less than 15% had incorrect information. On average, 62.5% of respondents engaged in preventive or mitigative behaviours/activities as opposed to 37.5% who did not, but only 44% believed CVS was a serious health threat. 65.2% of the studied students had a satisfactory total practice score. The regression analysis showed that the coefficients of marital status and faculty were a statistically significant association with the total knowledge score. Conclusion CVS awareness is acceptably high, but there is a low preventive/mitigative behaviors as well as a low realization of CVS’ long-term health problems. This is why increasing CVS awareness and implementing interventions such as the 20-20-20 rule could be effective at Al Baha University.
ORIGINS OF DEHUMANIZATION: INFANTS’ GOAL ATTRIBUTION TO LINGUISTIC IN-GROUP AND OUT-GROUP MEMBERS by Francis Yuen A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS

Research in the past two decades has found evidence for dehumanization in both adults and children; however, its developmental origins – that is, whether young infants already possess the tendency to dehumanize others – has yet to be investigated. The present study examined whether 11-month-old infants already dehumanize out-group members by denying out-group others of certain mental states, a common measure of dehumanization in adults and children. To do so, the study examined infants’ attribution of goals, a basic mental state infants readily attribute to human agents. Sixty-two primarily English-hearing infants watched videos in which a female experimenter, either speaking in English or Spanish, reached for one of two objects. At test, the two objects switched places, and infants’ looking times were measured as the experimenter either reached for the same object or a different object. Infants who watched the English speaker were surprised, and thus looked longer, when she reached for a different object, suggesting that they attributed a goal of the original object to the English speaker. By contrast, infants watched both types of reaches equally if they saw the Spanish speaker. Exploratory analyses examined the impact of age and language exposure on infants’ goal attribution to in-group and out-group members. These findings suggest that infants as young as 11 months of age may already show the tendency to deny out-group others of certain mental states. We discuss the implications of these findings as it relates to the nature of dehumanization and the emergence of intergroup bias.
The Effect of Women’s Empowerment on Intimate Partner Violence and Child Nutrition Outcomes in India, Nepal, and Pakistan

Women’s empowerment is often defined to include aspects of agency, autonomy and choice, which in turn has consequences for facing intimate partner violence (IPV) and the ability of a woman to fulfil childcare responsibilities. This suggests that empowerment is directly and indirectly (via IPV) associated with child nutrition outcomes (CNOs), especially in South Asian countries where gendered norms may place the onus of childcare on mothers. We explore the interplay between empowerment, IPV and CNOs using nationally representative datasets from three South Asian countries—India, Nepal and Pakistan. We use a multivariate probit approach to investigate the direct and indirect effect of women’s empowerment and autonomy on child malnourishment (stunting, wasting and underweight). Across all countries, we find a strong statistically significant effect of improvements in decision-making power on increased likelihood of facing certain types of IPV. We also find a strong negative relationship between facing less severe violence in particular and CNOs across all countries, indicating that such violence experienced by mothers was detrimental to CNOs. Increasing women’s decision-making power within the household can help ameliorate adverse CNOs, and in India particularly, this increase in decision-making autonomy reduced the incidence of stunting and underweight children. The study concludes with limitations and directions for future work.
Resilient deep reinforcement learning architecture for task offloading in autonomous IoT systems

—Autonomous IoT systems require the development of good automation algorithms capable of handling a huge number of IoT devices such as in smart cities. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a powerful automation technique that can be used in massive systems thanks to its ability to deal with big state spaces. Moreover, it adapts quickly to changes in the system by reinforcement learning, making the automation algorithm very flexible. However, using DRL relies generally on centralized agent architecture making it more exposed to communication failures. In this paper, we propose a distributed architecture to solve the task offloading problem in autonomous IoT systems where learning is achieved in a master agent while decision making is delegated to IoT devices. This architecture is more resilient as decisions are made locally and interactions between IoT devices and the master agent are less frequent and not blocking. We tested this architecture in the ns3-gym environment and our results show very good resilience of this architecture.
NEWCOMERS’ SOCIALIZATION TACTICS AND AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT: INTERPLAY OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND PRIOR RELATIONSHIPS

Article History: Received: 13 Aug 2019 Revised: 19 Nov 2019 Accepted: 12 Feb 2020 Available Online: 05 Jun 2020 Socialization is a necessary process that helps to manage new talent in the organization in order to survive and thrive in the global market. Numerous studies show that organizational socialization tactics affect workers’ affective commitment. However, the processes through which affective commitment is established during socialization is still unclear. We propose the socialization tactics generate newcomers perceived organizational support (POS) and develop affective commitment. Furthermore, pre-establish links within the organization play a contingency role in the socialization process. Surprisingly, there is no study which theoretically and empirically investigates these referral’s effects on newcomers’ socialization process and its workplace outcomes. We conducted a quantitative sectional survey from 228 newcomers of different organizations. The findings reveal that socialization tactics positively relate to the affective commitment through the mediation of POS and the POS-affective commitment is stronger when prior relationships are high. However, this contingent effect does not empirically support the socialization tactics-POS relationship. The implications are discussed, and future directions are provided.
Attenuated variants of Lesch–Nyhan disease Lesch–Nyhan

Lesch–Nyhan disease is a neurogenetic disorder caused by deﬁciency of the enzyme hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. The classic form of the disease is described by a characteristic syndrome that includes overproduction of uric acid, severe generalized dystonia, cognitive disability and self-injurious behaviour. In addition to the classic disease, variant forms of the disease occur wherein some clinical features are absent or unusually mild. The current studies provide the results of a prospective and multi-centre international study focusing on neurological manifestations of the largest cohort of Lesch–Nyhan disease variants evaluated to date, with 46 patients from 3 to 65 years of age coming from 34 families. All had evidence for overproduction of uric acid. Motor abnormalities were evident in 42 (91%), ranging from subtle clumsiness to severely disabling generalized dystonia. Cognitive function was affected in 31 (67%) but it was never severe. Though none exhibited self-injurious behaviours, many exhibited behaviours that were maladaptive. Only three patients had no evidence of neurological dysfunction. Our results were compared with a comprehensive review of 78 prior reports describing a total of 127 Lesch–Nyhan disease variants. Together these results deﬁne the spectrum of clinical features associated with hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deﬁciency. At one end of the spectrum are patients with classic Lesch–Nyhan disease and the full clinical phenotype. At the other end of the spectrum are patients with overproduction of uric acid but no apparent neurological or behavioural deﬁcits. Inbetween are patients with varying degrees of motor, cognitive, or behavioural abnormalities. Recognition of this spectrum is valuable for understanding the pathogenesis and diagnosis of all forms of hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deﬁciency. phenotypic variation for diagnostic assessment and treatment.
Nanoscale analysis of a SrTiO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 interface

The aim of the present work is an atomic scale characterization of the SrTiO 3 /La 2 / 3 Sr 1 / 3 MnO 3 interface involved in Co/SrTiO 3 /La 2 / 3 Sr 1 / 3 MnO 3 tunnel junctions. Our high-resolution transmission electron microscopy experiments show the quality of the pseudo-morphic growth of La 2 / 3 Sr 1 / 3 MnO 3 (LSMO) and SrTiO 3 (STO), but do not allow us to determine the termination of LSMO. On the other hand, we have carried out an energy-loss near-edge structure study of the Mn 2 p and O 1 s edges. The main result is that the valence of Mn keeps its intrinsic value of the bulk material till the last MnO 2 layers at the interface, which is consistent with the observation of magnetoresistance up to practically the Curie temperature of bulk LSMO in our junctions. These results suggest a La 2 / 3 Sr 1 / 3 termination of LSMO.
Asymmetric Systemic Risk

Bank regulation presumes risks spill over more easily from large banks to the banking system than vice versa. Yet, we document that risk transmission is stronger in the system-to-bank direction, because different bank activities affect the flow of risk differently in each direction. We term this phenomenon asymmetric systemic risk, measure it with net exposure metrics, and explore the consequences and channels behind it. We show that high-net-exposure banks faced higher default risk during the 2008 crisis, and that trading activities and bank size were the main determinants of this net exposure, which increased default risk through trading income volatility.
Predicting Water Retention Curves for Binary Mixtures - Concept and Application for Constructed Technosols

Constructed Technosols are important means to substitute natural soil material such as peat and geogenic material to be used in urban green infrastructure. One of the most important features of such soils is related to the water cycle and can be described by the soil water retention curve (WRC). The WRC depends on the composition of the constructed Technosols e.g. their components and their mixing ratio. The diversity of possible components and the inﬁnite number of mixing ratios practically prohibit the experimental identiﬁcation of the optimal composition regarding the targeted soil functions. In this 5 study we propose a compositional model for predicting the WRC of any binary mixture based on the measured WRCs of it’s two pure components only (basic scheme) or with one additional mixture (extended scheme). The model is developed from existing methods for estimating the porosity in binary mixtures. The compositional model approach was tested for four data sets of measured WRCs for different binary mixtures taken from the literature. To assess the suitability of these mixtures for typical urban applications, the distribution of water and air in 50 cm high containers ﬁlled with the mixtures was predicted 10 under hydrostatic conditions. The difference between the maxima of the pore-size distributions ∆ PSD max of the components indicates the applicability of the compositional approach. For binary mixtures with small ∆ PSD max , the water content deviations between the predicted and the measured WRCs range from 0 . 004 to 0 . 039 m 3 m − 3 . For mixtures with a large ∆ PSD max , the compositional model is not applicable. The knowledge of the WRC of any mixing ratio enables the quick choice of a Data availability. In the appendix we provide the ﬁtting parameters and WRC models used to represent the water retention data sets presented in this study. The raw data from third parties can not be made available. The raw data related to the work by Willaredt and Nehls (2021) can be obtained upon request from the corresponding author. capillary
Enhancing Relation Extraction via Adversarial Multi-task Learning

Relation extraction (RE) is a sub-field of information extraction, which aims to extract the relation between two given named entities (NEs) in a sentence and thus requires a good understanding of contextual information, especially the entities and their surrounding texts. However, limited attention is paid by most existing studies to re-modeling the given NEs and thus lead to inferior RE results when NEs are sometimes ambiguous. In this paper, we propose a RE model with two training stages, where adversarial multi-task learning is applied to the first training stage to explicitly recover the given NEs so as to enhance the main relation extractor, which is trained alone in the second stage. In doing so, the RE model is optimized by named entity recognition (NER) and thus obtains a detailed understanding of entity-aware context. We further propose the adversarial mechanism to enhance the process, which controls the effect of NER on the main relation extractor and allows the extractor to benefit from NER while keep focusing on RE rather than the entire multi-task learning. Experimental results on two English benchmark datasets for RE demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, where state-of-the-art performance is observed on both datasets.
A Photometric Catalog of Herbig Ae/Be Stars and Discussion of the Nature and Cause of the Variations of UX Orionis Stars

UBVR photometric monitoring of Herbig Ae/Be stars and some related objects has been carried out at Maidanak Observatory in Uzbekistan since 1983. More than 71,000 observations of about 230 stars have been obtained and are made available for anonymous ftp. Virtually all Herbig Ae/Be stars observed are irregular variables (called "UXors" after UX Ori), but there is a wide range of amplitudes from barely detectable to more than 4 mag in V. Our data confirm the results of previous studies, which indicate that large-amplitude variability is confined to stars with spectral types later than B8. The distribution of variability ranges is quite similar to what is seen in classical T Tauri stars. A careful search has failed to reveal any evidence for periodic variations up to 30 days, which can be interpreted as rotation periods. This is a clear distinction between the light variations of low-mass and high-mass pre–main-sequence stars. The Herbig Ae/Be stars evidently do not possess either the large, stable cool spots or persistent hot spots associated with strong surface magnetic fields and magnetically funneled accretion in classical T Tauri stars. A wide variety of shapes, timescales, and amplitudes exists, but the most common behavior is well illustrated by the light curve of LkHα 234. There are two principal components: (1) irregular variations on timescales of days around a mean brightness level that changes on a much longer timescale (typically years), sometimes in a quasi-cyclic fashion, and (2) occasional episodes of deep minima, occurring at irregular intervals but more frequently near the low points of the brightness cycles. Our data suggest that many T Tauri stars of K0 and earlier spectral type share the same variability characteristics as Herbig Ae/Be stars and should be regarded as UXors. Two FU Orionis stars ("FUors"), FU Ori and V1515 Cyg, also have recent light curves that are similar, in some respects, to UXors. The most developed model to account for the variations of some large-amplitude UXors involves variable obscuration by circumstellar dust clumps orbiting the star in a disk viewed nearly edge-on. However, there are problems in extending this model to the entire class, which lead us to propose an alternative mechanism, i.e., unsteady accretion. Evidence favoring the accretion model over the obscuration model is presented. It is suggested that the thermal instability mechanism responsible for outbursts in interacting binary system disks, and possibly FUors, may be the cause of the deep minima in UXors.
WORKING PAPER SERIES BANK SYNDICATES AND LIQUIDITY PROVISION

We provide evidence that credit lines offer liquidity insurance to borrowers. Borrowers are able to extensively use their credit lines in recessions and ahead of credit line cuts. In fact drawdowns and changes in drawdowns predict internal credit rating downgrades and credit line cuts, suggesting substantial liquidity access before credit line cuts. Credit line cuts are concentrated on borrowers who do not use credit lines, and when they occur they still leave borrowers with funds to draw down. Building on this evidence, we develop a model where syndicates faced with liquidity shocks continue to support credit line commitments due to the continuation value of their relationship with borrowers. Our model yields a set of predictions that find support in the data, including the substantial increase in the lead bank's retained loan share and in the commitment fees on the credit lines issued during the financial crisis of 2008-09. Consistent with the model, credit lines with higher expected drawdown rates pay higher commitment fees, and lead banks often increase their credit line investments in response to the failure of syndicate members, reducing borrowers' risk exposure to bank failures. Joao A. C. Santos Federal Reserve Bank of New York 33 Liberty St New York, NY 10045 joao.santos@ny.frb. org S. Vish Viswanathan Duke University Fuqua School of Business 100 Fuqua Drive Durham, NC 27708 and NBER viswanat@duke.edu
Syntax-driven Approach for Semantic Role Labeling

As an important task to analyze the semantic structure of a sentence, semantic role labeling (SRL) aims to locate the semantic role (e.g., agent) of noun phrases with respect to a given predicate and thus plays an important role in downstream tasks such as dialogue systems. To achieve a better performance in SRL, a model is always required to have a good understanding of the context information. Although one can use advanced text encoder (e.g., BERT) to capture the context information, extra resources are also required to further improve the model performance. Considering that there are correlations between the syntactic structure and the semantic structure of the sentence, many previous studies leverage auto-generated syntactic knowledge, especially the dependencies, to enhance the modeling of context information through graph-based architectures, where limited attention is paid to other types of auto-generated knowledge. In this paper, we propose map memories to enhance SRL by encoding different types of auto-generated syntactic knowledge (i.e., POS tags, syntactic constituencies, and word dependencies) obtained from off-the-shelf toolkits. Experimental results on two English benchmark datasets for span-style SRL (i.e., CoNLL-2005 and CoNLL-2012) demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, which outperforms strong baselines and achieves state-of-the-art results on CoNLL-2005.
ZnGa2O4 nanotubes with sharp cathodoluminescence peak

Single-crystal ZnGa2O4 nanotubes were grown using well-aligned ZnO nanorods as templates by a vapor transport method. Ga and O vapors were reacted with ZnO to form ZnO∕ZnGa2O4 core-shell nanostructure, and single-crystal ZnGa2O4 nanotubes were obtained by the removal of ZnO cores with a dilute HCl solution. The cathodoluminescence spectra indicate that the ZnGa2O4 nanotubes emit near ultraviolet (UV) and blue lights (380 and 464nm). The sharp near UV peak shall be beneficial for optical applications.
Nonvanishing of $L$-functions for $\GL(n, \mathbf{A}_Q)$

In this work, we establish new nonvanishing results for automorphic L-functions on GLnAQ. In particular, we show that, given a cuspidal automorphic form π on GL3AQ and an arbitrary point s0∈C, there exist infinitely many Dirichlet characters χ with prescribed ramification such that the twisted completed L-functions do not vanish at s0: Λ⁡s0,π⊗χ≠0.
Evanescent Modes and Tunnelling Instantaneously Act at a Distance

Photonic tunnelling experiments have shown that i) the Einstein energy relation is violated, ii) the tunnelling process is non‐local, iii) the signal velocity is faster than light, i.e. superluminal, iv) the tunnelling signal is not observable, since photonic tunnelling is described by virtual photons, and v) according to the experimental results the signal velocity is infinite inside the barriers, implying that tunnelling instantaneously acts at a distance. We think these properties are not compatible with the claims of many text books on Special Relativity, see for instance Refs. [1].
J un 2 01 9 KOBE-COSMO-1908 2-form gauge theory dual to scalar-tensor theory

We generalize the electromagnetic duality between a massless, canonical scalar field and a 2-form gauge field in 4-dimensional spacetime to scalar-tensor theories. We derive the action of 2-form gauge field that is dual to two kinds of scalar-tensor theories: shift symmetric K-essence theory and the shift symmetric Horndeski theory up to quadratic in scalar field. The former case, the dual 2-form has a nonlinear kinetic term. The latter case, the dual 2-form has non-trivial interactions with gravity through Einstein tensor. In both case, the duality relation is modified from usual case, that is, the dual 2-form field is not simply given by the Hodge dual of the gradient of the scalar field.