Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integral transforms for three-dimensional pumping in confined, leaky, and unconfined aquifers

Abstract Analytical or hybrid numerical-analytical solutions based on the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) are obtained for the transient three-dimensional pumping problem of aquifers with a fully penetrating vertical well between two parallel streams. The problem formulation for confined and leaky aquifers allows for achieving exact analytical solutions through integral transforms, while the unconfined aquifer case introduces a fourth kind boundary condition which leads to a coupled transformed head ordinary differential system, that can be solved either analytically or numerically. A convergence analysis is performed to illustrate the consistency of the numerical results achieved for the head distribution, as well as for the related pumping rates. Results are obtained for selected cases and comparisons with literature results are performed. A solution verification confirms the agreement of the integral transform solutions with available simulations and provides additional confidence for the analysis of a few physical parameters that influence the hydrological behavior.
Comparative Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Olanzapine and Blonanserin in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Parallel Group Study

Abstract Background The antipsychotic olanzapine is a first-line drug in the treatment of schizophrenia while blonanserin is indicated in resistant cases of schizophrenia when the first line antipsychotics have failed. There are very limited studies available world-wide as well as in India that compare blonanserin with other antipsychotics in the setting of schizophrenia. Aims To study the efficacy, safety and tolerability of olanzapine and blonanserin in Schizophrenia. Settings and Design: The study was a prospective, observational, parallel group study done on schizophrenia patients aged between 18-50 years of both sexes at an outpatient Department of Psychiatry, in a tertiary medical college. The study was conducted from February 2015 to October 2016, with follow ups at weeks 4, 8 and 12. Materials and Methods The efficacy parameters were measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) rating. The safety parameters included the vital signs, haematological profile, lipid profile, blood sugar monitoring. Adverse drug reactions and compliance to therapy was observed through-out the study period. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to detect any significant within and between group differences using Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS version 17. Results There was significant decrease in the mean total score on the BPRS and CGI-S in the blonanserin arm at the 2nd and last follow up visit (p value < 0.001). Compliance was good in both groups (≤ 20% missed pills). Overall, 77 treatment-emergent adverse events were present from 56 patients. Twenty three subjects of the blonanserin arm and 33 subjects in the olanzapine arm at least experienced one adverse event (p = 0.006), metabolic adverse effects were more common with olanzapine, whereas insomnia, headache and somnolence were more often seen with blonanserin. Conclusions In the present study, blonanserin provided significantly better outcomes than olanzapine with respect to BPRS, CGI-S scores.
Impact of Crop Rotation and Soil Tillage on the Severity of Winter Wheat Leaf Blotches

Abstract Reduced tillage is considered as one of the main tools to save biological diversity; however, it increases pressure of diseases, including wheat leaf blotches. The aim of present study was to clarify the impact of reduced soil tillage on the development of winter wheat leaf blotches in different schemes of crop rotation. The impact of different growing technologies on the severity of winter wheat disease was evaluated in a two-factorial experiment: A – soil tillage system, and B – different combinations of wheat pre-pre-crop and pre-crop (wheat, oilseed rape, barley and faba beans). Diseases were assessed every 10 days approximately and total impact of diseases was evaluated by calculating AUDPC (Area under Diseases Progress Curve). Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis was dominated disease over the long period, regardless of meteorological conditions. Development of Septoria leaf blotch was not influenced by neither crop rotation nor soil tillage. The level of tan spot was essentially higher after wheat, regardless of the pre-pre-crop. Reduced soil tillage promoted severity of tan spot. Ploughing mitigated effect of previous crops and differences in tan spot level were insignificant. Despite many positive effects of conservation tillage, increasing of fungicide treatment could be necessary, in conditions, when the tan spot is most devastating and widespread wheat disease.
Two-phase modelling for sediment water mixtures above the limit deposit velocity in horizontal pipelines

Abstract In dredging applications, deep sea mining and land reclamation projects typically large amounts of sediments are transported through pipes in the form of hyper concentrated (40% sediment or more) sediment-water mixtures or slurries. In this paper it is investigated how well a generic Euler-Euler CFD-model is capable to model velocity, concentration profiles and the pressure gradient of sediment above deposition limit velocity in a pipeline. This Euler-Euler solver treats both phases as a continuum with its own momentum and continuity equations. The full kinetic theory for granular flows is accounted for (no algebraic form is used) and is combined with a buoyant k-ε turbulence model for the fluid phase. The influence of the mesh size has been checked and grid convergence is achieved. All numerical schemes used are of second-order accuracy in space. The pressure gradient was calibrated by adjusting the specularity coefficient in one calibration case and kept constant afterwards. Simulations were carried out in a wide range of slurry flow parameters, in situ volume concentration (9–42%), pipe diameter (0.05–0.90 m), particle diameter (90–440 μm) and flow velocity of (3–7 m/s). The model shows satisfactory agreement to experimental data from existing literature.
The vegetation of the forest-alpine transition in the Grunningsdalen area, Telemark, S. Norway.

Abstract This study is divided into two parts. The general part contains a review of theories of the nature of vegetation. It is concluded that present evidence points in the direction of species individuality and vegetational continuum as responses to continuous environmental gradients, on a regional, and mostly also on a local scale. Accordingly, a gradient approach to classification of the forest and alpine vegetation of the investigated area was designed as an alternative to traditional phytosociological classification. The importance of the concept of corresponding vegetation types in different regions is stressed. It is argued that four environmental gradients explain the major variation in Southern Norwegian forest and alpine vegetation. In the special part, the vegetation of the Grunningsdalen area is treated. Two gradients, the vertical gradient and the complex-gradient topographic moisture snow cover, are considered sufficient to explain the major variation in forest and alpine vegetation in the area. The vegetation is classified into 16 site-types by division of the gradients into four zones (according to altitude) and four series (according to moisture - snow cover) by means of floristic criteria known to reflect particular ecological conditions. For each of the site-types a description of the vegetation and an extensive comparison with corresponding Fennoscandian vegetation is given. On the basis of results from the present study area regional variation in Southern Norwegian poor vegetation corresponding to the xeric, subxeric, and submesic series, and phytosociological classification in the forestalpine transition are discussed. Various numerical classification and ordination methods are used in an analysis of the floristic composition of the site-types and the autecology of the species. The main phytosociological gradient in the investigated vegetation runs from dry and high altitude to wet and low altitude, most closely approaching the moisture gradient. Diversity relations are discussed. It is strongly emphasized that a hierarchic system is unable to give a consistent classification of a vegetation that must be regarded as a multidimensional network of variation along environmental gradients. Viewed in the light of the results of this study, a gradient approach to classification seems most suitable for a variety of Fennoscandian ecosystems.
The genus Nemania s.l. (Xylariaceae) in Norden

Abstract A taxonomic study of Nemania Gray, Entoleuca Syd. and Euepixylon Füisting (= Nemania s.l.; Xylariaceae) was carried out for the Nordic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. No species of Nemania have been found in the remaining Norden: Iceland and the Faeroes. Fourteen species of Nemania s. str. were found in the area: Nemania aenea, N. aureolutea comb. n. , N. atropurpurea, N. carbonacea, N. chestersii, N. colliculosa comb. n. , N. con.fluens, N. diffusa, N. effusa, N. prava n. sp. , N. reticulata comb. n. , N. serpens, and two unknown species (Nemania spp. A and B) not formally described because of scanty material. In addition the two split-outs fromNemania, Entoleuca mammata andEuepixylon udum, are treated. A dichotomous key has been prepared and the species are reviewed alphabetically with comments on taxonomy, ecology and chorology. All species have been drawn, photographed and mapped. In addition to conventional taxonomic procedures, a selection of species from Nemania s.l. , Biscogniauxia and Hypoxylon were subjected to an ITS nrDNA sequencing study. This study supported the delimitation of taxa as defined in this work, and confirms Nemani a as different from Hypoxylon and Biscogniauxia. Four EuropeanNemania taxa are still unknown in Norden: Nemania gwyneddii (Whalley, R.L. Edwards & S.M. Francis) Pouzar, N. illita (Schwein.) Pouzar, Nemania serpens (Pers.: Fr.) Gray var. macrospora (J.H. Mill.) Pouzar. The fourth taxon, Hypoxylon terricola J.H. Mill. certainly also belongs to Nemania.
An Exploratory Model of Family Resilience Processes and Functioning: A Cultural Perspective of the Semai Indigenous Communities in Perak, Malaysia

Given the challenges experienced by the Semai indigenous communities in Perak, Malaysia, and their distinct cultural beliefs, it is important to understand the role of the social and cultural networks in their resilience processes. In particular, further attention needs to be paid to how their families function and shape their beliefs about their lives, as there might be key mechanisms and processes that differ from existing general conceptualizations of family. This grounded theory analysis of 23 Semai Orang Asli (indigenous) community members established a model of the Semai’s family conceptualization and functioning. Findings revealed that the Semai’s concept of family encompasses an extensive network of individuals with their shared relationship with nyenang (spirit ancestors) and cultural heritage, which in turn leads them to have a deep sense of shared family identity and connectedness. This worldview guided the Semai’s family processes and functioning, captured by the following five dimensions: sharing obligations and responsibilities, making collective decisions, prioritizing community’s welfare, sharing of knowledge and resources, and willingness to work with everyone. These factors facilitate a conducive and supportive environment aimed at maintaining existing family relationships. This model can guide the development of culturally specific programs that promote and strengthen indigenous family relationships and resilience.
Does Land Still Matter? Gender and Land Reforms in Zimbabwe

The Fast Track Land Reform Program (FTLRP) in Zimbabwe effected changes in the racial, class, and gender structure of land ownership. However, while changes in the racial and class structure have been well explored in existing literature, their articulation to gender in the agrarian structure is not yet well understood. This is because the literature has mainly accounted for gender in relation to the formal redistribution of land to women through titling, and not as a structural element of agrarian reform that locates women within the labor and capital nexus of land ownership. This article aims to fill this gap in our understanding of the gendered agrarian component of FTLRP by locating gender within the political economy of the agrarian reform and by evaluating gender in relation to the capitalist accumulation structure which the land reform sought to alter.
Turbulence in electromagnetically driven Keplerian flows

Abstract The flow of an electrically conducting fluid in a thin disc under the action of an azimuthal Lorentz force is studied experimentally. At small forcing, the Lorentz force is balanced by either viscosity or inertia, yielding quasi-Keplerian velocity profiles. For very large current I and moderate magnetic field B, we observe a new regime, fully turbulent, which exhibits large fluctuations and a Keplerian mean rotation profile $\varOmega \sim {\sqrt {IB}}/{r^{3/2}}$, where r is the distance from the axis. In this turbulent regime, the dynamics is typical of thin layer turbulence, characterized by a direct cascade of energy towards the small scales and an inverse cascade to large scales. Finally, at very large magnetic field, this turbulent flow bifurcates to a quasi-bidimensional turbulent flow involving the formation of a large scale condensate in the horizontal plane. These results are well understood as resulting from an instability of the Bödewadt–Hartmann layers at large Reynolds number and discussed in the framework of similar astrophysical flows.
Entry Timing as a Mixed Gamble in Cross-border Acquisition Waves: A study of Family Firms

We draw upon the mixed gamble perspective to investigate the entry timing decisions made by family firms in the context of cross-border acquisition (CBA) waves. We argue that family-controlled firms trade-off short-term SEW and financial losses in favor of long-term SEW and financial gains, while moving early in CBA waves. Findings suggest that family-controlled firms have a higher preference for early movement compared with nonfamily-controlled firms. Further, we show that founder’s presence on the board and acquirer’s superior performance amplifies the mixed gamble trade-offs, thereby strengthening the relationship between family control and early movement within CBA waves.
Understanding EAL: International Secondary School Teachers’ Experiences and Attitudes in Ukraine and Eastern Europe

This article highlights the need to understand mainstream international secondary school teachers’ attitudes to and experiences of accommodating English as an Additional Language (EAL) learners, and what current collaborative relationships there are between mainstream and EAL teachers in terms of co-teaching and co-planning. The article draws on data collected from a questionnaire sent to secondary teachers at an international school in a major city in Ukraine and to other international schools that offer International Baccalaureate programmes in Eastern Europe. The questionnaire investigated English language training in education, attitudes to EAL in mainstream subjects and participants’ collaboration with EAL teachers. Further follow-up qualitative data collected from a focus group in the school in Ukraine investigated the topics of competencies, responsibilities and collaboration with respect to EAL in the mainstream classroom. Building on this data, the discussion ultimately focuses on the challenges for mainstream teachers and how collaboration with EAL teachers is often confused and lacks definition in terms of current practice and ways forward. Recommendations for next steps of research are made.
Virtue, Shame, and Choice: Perspectives of Sex Work Among Adolescents in Variously Globalized Thai Communities

Although taboo given the traditional Thai value of female sexual conservatism, sex work is a practice for which Thailand has gained international attention. As in other rapidly globalizing contexts, however, Thai youth are increasingly exposed to global values of gender equality, self-fulfillment, and personal choice. This may, in turn, alter youth perspectives of this taboo yet pervasive practice. To understand how Thai youth negotiate local and global values when considering sex work, this study examined the moral evaluations and moral reasoning of adolescents residing in variously globalized communities. Forty participants (20 adolescents in each a more and a less globalized Thai setting) participated in interviews in which they discussed their perspectives of sex work. Quantitative analysis of moral evaluations revealed that rural and urban adolescents alike deemed sex work as mostly morally wrong. Qualitative analysis of moral reasoning revealed that both participant groups prioritized Thai values of sexual purity for women, shame avoidance, and reputation maintenance. Yet distinct values were also endorsed across participant groups. Rural adolescents centered local values (e.g., relational choice, women’s dignity, Buddhist divinity) and urban adolescents drew heavily from global values (e.g., autonomous choice, romantic love, international reputation) when reasoning about the morality and immorality of sex work. Findings point to the manner in which contextual realities shape—and reshape—cultural values in this rapidly globalizing nation.
Danish cannabis policy revisited: Multiple framings of cannabis use in policy discourse

Aim: This article traces recent developments in Danish cannabis policy, by exploring how “cannabis use” is problematised and governed within different co-existing policy areas. Background: Recently, many countries have changed their cannabis policy by introducing medical cannabis and/or by moving toward legalisation or decriminalisation. Researchers have thus argued that traditional notions of cannabis as a singular and coherent object, are being replaced by perspectives that highlight the multiple ontological character of cannabis. At the same time, there is growing recognition that drug policy is not a unitary phenomenon, but rather composed by multiple “policy areas”, each defined by particular notions of what constitutes the relevant policy “problem”. Design: We draw on existing research, government reports, policy papers and media accounts of policy and policing developments. Results: We demonstrate how Danish cannabis policy is composed of different co-existing framings of cannabis use; as respectively a social problem, a problem of deviance, an organised crime problem, a health- and risk problem and as a medical problem. Conclusion: While the international trend seems to be that law-and-order approaches are increasingly being replaced by more liberal approaches, Denmark, on an overall level, seems to be moving in the opposite direction: Away from a lenient decriminalisation policy and towards more repressive approaches. We conclude that the prominence of discursive framings of cannabis use as a “problem of deviance” and as “a driver of organised crime”, has been key to this process.
The persistence of large-scale circulation in Rayleigh–Bénard convection

Abstract The time-averaged strength $\langle \delta \rangle /\varDelta$ of a convective cellular pattern and large-scale circulation (LSC) in the turbulence regime of turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection exhibits a sequence of sharp changes with the Rayleigh number $Ra$. Changes occur when $Ra$ reaches transition values between the conduction, convection, chaotic, transition, soft turbulence and hard turbulence regimes. Measurements were taken from two cylindrical cells with Plexiglas walls and nitrogen gas as the working fluid. The data cover the range $10^{3} \lesssim Ra \lesssim 10^{9}$ at $Pr = 0.72$, where $Pr$ is the Prandtl number and $\varGamma \equiv D/H=1.00$ is the aspect ratio (diameter over height). The cellular pattern strength $\delta$ grows continuously as $Ra$ exceeds the critical value $Ra_c=7300$ for the wall admittance $C=2.02$ in the convection regime. In the oscillation regime, the temperature power spectra at the sidewall show an oscillatory frequency peak. In the chaotic regime, δ is diminished as $Ra$ increases. In the transition regime, $\langle \delta \rangle /\varDelta$ continues to decrease, nearly to 0. Under soft turbulence where the LSC is formed, $\langle \delta \rangle$ grows with $Ra$ as a cellular pattern in the convection regime, suggesting that LSC reflects a cellular pattern. Under hard turbulence, the LSC flow strength decreases as $Ra$ increases. The Reynolds number $Re$ was also measured based on the LSC turnover time, and it was found that two power laws, $\langle \delta \rangle /\varDelta \times Ra/Pr = 0.007Re^{3.0}$ and $\langle \delta \rangle /\varDelta \times Ra/Pr = 15.4Re^{1.76}$, fit the data for $Re<400$ and $Re>400$, respectively.
Micronutrient malnutrition across the life course, sarcopenia and frailty

Micronutrient malnutrition, the deficiency of vitamins or minerals, impacts on physical and mental health, in clinical and general populations, across the life course. In older western populations the high prevalence and impact of micronutrient malnutrition is less well recognised. Low- and middle-income countries are experiencing the ‘double burden of disease’ where malnutrition coexists alongside the non-communicable diseases of aging, obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Held in December 2020, the Winter Conference of the Nutrition Society was designed to cover new areas of research and concern in micronutrient malnutrition across the life course. Common themes arising from the conference were: 1) The continuing high prevalence of micronutrient malnutrition across the life-course, in diverse populations, in high, middle and low-income countries. 2) That multiple deficiencies of micronutrients frequently exist. 3) The primary cause of deficiency is poor quality diets, of low diversity, low in micronutrient dense foods. 4) Clinical conditions, medications for common non-communicable diseases, and environmental conditions, interact with and exacerbate the effects of poor diet quality. 5) Understanding of the mechanistic effects of micronutrients is still emerging. 6) Micronutrients are necessary for maintaining immune function, which has importance for the COVID-19 epidemic. 7) Better biomarkers are needed detect and understand the effects of deficiency. 7) Dietary recommendations need to be updated regularly. Further research is needed in all these areas. Comprehensive public health and government approaches to ensure access and affordability of good quality foods to populations of all ages, particularly during the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic, are crucial.