Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probability Distribution and Characterization of Daily Precipitation Related to Tropical Cyclones over the Korean Peninsula

Rainfall events are known to be driven by various synoptic disturbances or dominant processes in the atmosphere. In spite of the diverse atmospheric contributions, the assumption of homogeneity is commonly adopted when a hydrological frequency analysis is conducted. This study examines how the dominant processes, particularly the landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) and non-TC events, have various effects to the characteristics of rainfall in South Korea. With rainfall data from the fifty-nine weather stations spread across the country, the multiple contributions of the TC and non-TC rainfall to the relative amount of rainfall, duration, intensity and maximum rainfall, on a seasonal and monthly scale, are first explored in this study. For the second objective, suitable probability distributions for the TC and non-TC time series are identified potentially for a synthetic analysis. Our results indicate that TCs cause a heterogeneous spatial distribution in the rainfall characteristics over the gauge networks particularly in the southern and eastern coastal areas. Some gauges in these areas attribute a significant portion of their amount and annual maximum rainfall to landfalling TCs. The results also show that the Pearson Type III distribution best represents the non-TC wet-day series, while the TC wet-day series can be represented by various distributions including the Weibull and Gamma distributions. From the analysis, we present how the characteristics of TCs differ from non-TCs with the emphasis on the need to consider their individual effects when conducting synthetic analyses.
Temporal variation of pollination classes in a tropical Venezuelan plain: the importance of habitats and life forms

Pollination of a total of 155 plant species was evaluated monthly in relation to flowering phenology, habitats, and life forms in the Venezuelan Central Plain. The relationships between flowering phenology and pollinating agent classes and their abundance were evaluated. The total number of pollinating agent classes was significantly correlated with the number of plant species for habitats and life forms, and at the community level. The number of pollinating agent classes did not change statistically with respect to flowering phenology for life form, habitats, and overall community, but the number of pollinting agent classes increased from the dry season to the rainy season for overall community and habitats, except for forest. The abundance of pollinating agents was significantly affected by flowering time. A cluster analysis revealed that the abundance of pollinating agent classes differed throughout the year, separating the dry and rainy seasons. Two trends were found in the temporal pattern of the nin.
Whole-River Fertilization Stimulates Fish Production in an Arctic Tundra River

Increased growth rates for adult and young-of-the-year Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) were measured after the addition of fertilizer to an oligotrophic Alaskan tundra river. The strongest response to the fertilization was seen in young-of-the-year grayling; the adult response was more variable. Whole-river phosphorus fertilization of the Kuparuk River, Alaska, during 1985–90 resulted in a 1.4- to 1.9-fold increase in the size of age 0+ fish and a 1.5- to 2.4-fold increase in the weight gain of adult grayling in some years. Neutral lipid storage in adult grayling was increased 1.3- to 3.4-fold in the fertilized zone compared with that in fish from the control zone. There was no detectable difference between the zones in gonad mass, percent lipid in eggs, or egg size. These results suggest that autochthonous production is an important energy source for fish in tundra streams and that nutrient limitation of stream ecosystems affects the highest trophic levels. These findings have importance for underst.
William Borrer’s lichens in the Supplement to the English Botany 1829–1866

Fifty-seven lichens were documented in Hooker’s Supplement to the English Botany, published in five volumes from 1829 to 1866, when British lichenology was, until 1851, largely in a state of stagnation. These included 26 new lichens described by William Borrer, one of which, Verrucaria Hookeri (now Dacampia hookeri), has proved to be a lichenicolous lichen. The merit of his work is discussed. One new species, namely Strigula Babingtonii, was described by the Reverend Miles Joseph Berkeley, but this is now regarded as a non-lichenized ascomycete fungus. An attempt was made to trace the whereabouts of all the type specimens, and only one could not be located. The current taxonomic status of the new species was investigated by the critical study of original references. No names require correction, but the authorities for Bacidia incompta (Borrer) Anzi and Verrucaria fuscella (Turner) Winch & Thornhill need emendation. The copyright dates of the plates are given, which should be accepted as those of publication. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 154, 381–392.
Floristic and structural changes during old-field succession in the Mexican tropics in relation to site history and species availability

ABSTRACT Community patterns along a successional sequence of abandoned fields within a tropical rain forest environment are described in terms of floristic composition and structure. Temporal patterns were summarized and main axes of variation extracted by multivariate methods. External factors – length of cropping period, regrowth age, and proportion of the perimeter occupied by forest communities or remnants (here called forested perimeter) – were related to floristic and structural data on 40 sites. Multivariate direct gradient analysis showed overall floristic development to be positively related to regrowth age and forested perimeter, and negatively related to length of cropping period. Structural development was shown by multiple regression to be positively related to regrowth age and negatively to length of cropping period; but forested perimeter had no significant relation to site structure. The type of crop grown showed no significant relation with floristic or structural development of the regrowth. These results indicate that the conditions of the vegetation around a site have a great effect on community recovery, particularly in its species composition, whilst structure seems to be affected more directly by parameters which imply time. RESUMEN Se describe la composición florística y la estructura en una serie de comunidades que representan una secuencia sucesional en cuarenta terrenos agrícolas y pastizales abandonados. Los datos florísticos y estructurales de las comunidades fueron relacionados con algunos factores extemos tales como la duración del período de cultivo, el período de abandono y la proporción del perímetro del sitio ocupado por selvas o comunidades arboreas derivadas de esta. Un análisis multivariado directo de gradientes, demostró que los cambios florísticos estan relacionados positivamente con el tiempo de abandono y el contacto con comunidades forestales y negativamente relacionado con la duración del período de cultivo. Por medio de regresión múltiple se demostró que el desarrollo estructural está positivamente relacionado con el período de abandono y negativamente con la duración del período de cultivo; el contacto con comunidades forestales no tuvo sin embargo, relación significativa con la estructura de las comunidades. El tipo de cultivo previo al abandono tampoco mostró tener relación significativa con la composición florística o con la estructura. Los resultados indican que la vegetatión que rodea a los campos abandonados tiene gran influencia en la secuencia sucesional, particularmente en lo que se reflere a la composición florística, mientras que la estructura parece estar mas directamente afectada por el período de abandono.
Beyond Remembering the Forgotten Parent: The Conception of the Father

Abstract While it is true that the father occupies the third position and that he is excluded from the mother-infant dyad, he does not have to be the “forgotten” parent, and, in the last few decades, there has been an increased interest in remembering the father. However, in both theory and practice, the focus seems to be on remembering the importance of the father for the mother and infant, while comparatively little attention has been given to the father himself. In particular, there is a lack of research on the father’s representation of himself as a father. In an effort to explore the representational world of the father, psychoanalytic research interviews were conducted with South African fathers whose infants were in the phase of pre-oedipal development. The findings suggest that, for the fathers in this research study, rudimentary and inchoate representations of the self as a father predominate until the father experiences his infant as actively responsive to him. At this point, the father appears to undergo a highly affective, internal reconstitution which binds him to his infant and which begins to enrich his representation of himself as a father. Through the mirroring gaze of the infant, the father is conceived.
Effectiveness of Online vs Offline classes for EFL Classroom : a study case in a higher education.

With the increasing development of technology, online teaching is more readily accepted as a viable component in teaching and learning. Online and Offline class, particularly in developing countries, in its early stages and not without its challenges. This study exposed 16 EFL students of university Ibnu Khaldun responses to an online classroom and offline classroom. And investigates common student perceptions of the online lesson as compared with offline lessons to identify the effectivness between online and offline class. The method use data analysis adopted from questionnaires using qualitative (Likert scale questions) and quantitative (open-ended questions) approaches provided data for content analysis to determine common student perception. The result, more students associated in-class lessons. They felt more interest, due to better understanding, classroom interaction with the lecturer and student, and enjoy during the lesson. The student prefer to the offline larning than online learning. Keyword : Online class, Offline class and English Foreign Language (EFL)
Effect of Carbonation on the Compressive Strength Development of Laterized Concrete

Laterized concrete is characterised by decreasing compressive strength with increasing content of laterite. Carbonation, on the other hand, is noted to increase concrete strength. In order to reduce carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, this paper investigated the effect of carbonation on the compressive strength development of laterized concrete. The paper compared the compressive strengths of conventional and laterized concrete specimens containing up to 35% content of laterite cured in water for 126 days and in an accelerated carbonation chamber for 12 weeks at the water/cement ratios of 0.35, 0.50 and 0.65. Results revealed that while the addition of laterite reduced compressive strength, carbonation increased the compressive strength development of laterized concrete. Furthermore, while equal strengths with water cured conventional concrete were achieved when laterite content is limited to 10%, all the carbonated laterized concrete specimens achieved higher strengths than the water cured laterized concrete specimens at 12 weeks of accelerated carbonation. Hence, carbonation would enhance the strength development of laterized concrete, permit the use of higher content of laterite and contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Keywords: carbonation, compressive strength, concrete, laterite, laterized concrete DOI: 10.7176/CER/12-4-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
Correction of posture disorders with sport and ballroom dancing.

Introduction – to develop a program for the prevention and correction of posture disorders in children through the wide introduction into the process of physical education of sports and ballroom dancing. In the pedagogical experiment, 169 children were randomly divided to control (n=85) and main (n=84) groups (age 11-12). All children attend secondary school. Several diagnostic tests were conducted with children and the control exercises were analyzed. With the help of the performed factor analysis, the correlation of the means to be implemented in the process of using the dance in relation to prevention and correction of posture disorders was calculated. The program of prevention and correction of posture disorders in children was based on methods of diagnostics of the functional state of the spine, the purpose, tasks and content of sports ballroom dance classes and included seven sections. The main components of the program are highlighted, its influence on the correction of posture disorders, functional state of children were experimentally tested. The main focus is on correctional dance events; measures aimed at forming skills of performing simple dance moves; measures aimed at the general physical development of children; measures aimed at preventing specific anatomical and physiological abnormalities. The program of correction of posture disorders through the introduction into the educational process of sports and ballroom dancing was based on the results of the diagnosis of the functional state of the spine, including complimentary goals and objectives. Introduction to the educational process of sports and ballroom dancing included seven sections with active involvement in this process not only children but also their parents and teaching staff.
Corporate diversification and firms' value in emerging economy: the role of growth opportunity

PurposeThis paper examines empirically how growth opportunities determine the relationship between corporate diversification and firm's value in an emerging economy.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs annual data of Indonesian manufacturing firm's spanning five years. To test the potential nonlinear relationship between diversification and value, nonlinear regression model is employed. Baron and Kenny’s (1986) procedure is also employed to test the mediation role of the growth opportunities in the relation between diversification strategy and firm's value. This study also performs further robustness analysis on mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between diversification strategy and corporate value using path analysis approach.FindingsThe analyses reveal the U-shaped diversification and value relationship; this result suggests that the effect of diversification on value will vary across firms, the negative effect of diversification strategy on firm's value may reverse at higher levels of diversification. Further analysis indicates that such relationship is fully mediated by firm's growth opportunities.Practical implicationsGiven the results, firms that are considering implementing diversification strategy should seek the optimal level of diversification to gain diversification premium. Furthermore, the manager should observe the best opportunities available for the firm before undertaking the diversification strategies.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the existing literature on diversification strategy by extending the insight of this research area of a large emerging economy, on which prior studies have not reached conclusive results.
Effects of microzooplankton growth and trophic interactions on herbivory in coastal and offshore environments

We performed serial dilution experiments to estimate rates of gross phytoplankton growth (μ) and grazing mortality (m) in both eutrophic (Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, USA) and olig- otrophic (offshore Gulf of Mexico) waters. Two parallel experiments were performed in both environ- ments, with seawater pre-screened through 153 or 25 µm mesh to observe the responses of microzoo- plankton (MZP) to dilution treatments. MZP biomass changed over the duration of the experimental incubations; in several treatments, MZP net growth rates were >1 d -1 . Patterns of growth varied between dilutions and initial screening size. In the eutrophic system, the ratio of phytoplankton graz- ing mortality rate to gross phytoplankton growth rate (m/μ) was 1.10 ± 0.54 (mean ± SD) versus 0.41 ± 0.65 when screened through 153 and 25 µm mesh, respectively. This difference was attributed to cas- cading trophic interactions among MZP size groups leading to suppression of the primary herbivores in the 25 µm fraction and, in turn, a lower value of m. A food web model consisting of multiple trophic levels was constructed to examine the role of MZP growth and trophic interactions on measurements of μ and m. The model, using 3 interacting groups of MZP, was able to reproduce experimental results. Model simulations demonstrated that MZP growth during incubation leads to an overestima- tion of m. Non-linearity in the phytoplankton growth response curves was due to MZP growth and trophic interactions in these model simulations, as variable feeding responses were not incorporated into the models. Trophic interactions among MZP can provide context to measurements of μ and m and insight into microbial food web efficiency.
Preliminary Numerical Study on Exhaust Emission Characteristics of Particulate Matters and Nitrogen Oxide in a Marine Engine for Marine Diesel Oil and Dimethyl Ether Fuel

As concerns regarding environmental pollution, energy security and future oil supply continue to grow, communities around the world are looking for non-petroleum-based alternative fuels along with advanced energy technologies (e.g., fuel cells) to increase energy use efficiency. Compared with the main alternative fuel candidates (e.g., methane, methanol, ethanol and Fischer–Tropsch fuels), dimethyl ether (DME) seems to have a significant potential to solve the aforementioned problems and can be used as a clean, high-efficiency compressed ignition fuel with reduced nitrogen oxide, sulphur oxide and particulate matter (PM) emissions. In this study, the results of experiments using a ship engine and numerical analysis were verified using AVL BOOST software. Based on these verifications, nitrogen oxide and PM reduction characteristics were numerically analysed by controlling the diameter and spraying time of the fuel nozzle, which is the fuel injection system of a marine engine. When DME fuel was used, nitrogen oxide and PM emissions were reduced by 40% and 90%, respectively, compared with marine diesel oil fuel. To prove the viability of DME as an alternative fuel, combustion and exhaust characteristics were analysed in accordance with injection timing and the variation of nozzle hole.
Notes on kidney-infecting species of the genus Sphaerospora Thelohan (Myxosporea), including a new species S. gobionis sp.nov., and on myxosporean life cycle stages in the blood of some freshwater fish

Freshwater fish in Czechoslovakia were examined for species of the genus Sphaerospora Thelohan, 1892 and for myxosporean life cycle stages in the blood. In addition to perch infected with S. pectinacea Bocharova & Donets, 1974, renal tubules of seven host species harboured thus far unidentified Sphaerospora species. A new species, S. gobionis sp.nov. is described from renal tubules of Gobio gobio. In populations of Gobio gobio, Tinea tinea and Rutilus rutilus harbouring infections with different Sphaerospora species, organisms identified as mobile myxosporean life cycle stages were detected in the blood, where they undergo a proliferative cycle. These organisms were reminiscent of stages in the blood of common carp fingerlings, supposedly identical with Sphaerospora renicola Dykova & Lorn. It is possible that the blood stages found in the three cyprinid hosts represent stages of the life cycle of their respective Sphaerospora species. If this is correct, further studies may show if the presence of proliferative stages in the bloodstream is a character distinctive of the genus Sphaerospora.
Influence of dietary starch source on liver morphology in juvenile cultured European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)

Histological examination of liver tissue originating from juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.), fed experimental diets with a varying starch source displayed significant changes in general morphology and glycogen distribution. Fish fed diets containing a graded inclusion of a pea seed meal showed clear evidence of enhanced glycogen deposition in the liver compared to fish receiving a semi-purified starch source in the control diet. Lipid accumulation was also more evident in this group and the general architecture of the livers was noticeably different between the control fish and those fed diets with the pea seed meal at both levels. This was particularly relevant to the density and profile of hepatic sinusoids. The comparative features between the cultured seabass under laboratory conditions and the livers of wild fish are discussed.
The future of your job represents your future: a moderated mediation model of transformational leadership and job crafting

PurposeIn this study, the authors aim to explain the mechanism between transformational leadership and job crafting. They predict that job-based psychological ownership (job-based PO) mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and job crafting. Furthermore, job-based PO is more effective when employees have a high level of affective organizational commitment.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected time-lagged data through a paper–pencil survey from the sales department of large pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan.FindingsThe findings of this study suggest that job-based PO mediates the positive relationship between transformational leadership and job crafting. Moreover, the relationship of job-based PO with job crafting is moderated by affective organizational commitment such that the relationship was stronger at the high levels of affective organizational commitment than that of the low levels of affective organizational commitment.Practical implicationsOn practical grounds, job crafting can be useful for individuals and organizations. On individuals’ side, it helps them to balance their job demands and resource; on organizations’ side, it provides a solution to the ongoing problem of disengaged employees and suggests managers identify new ways to support employees with their job redesign.Originality/valueThis study suggests that job-based PO and affective organizational commitment are important factors that influence the relationship between transformational leadership and job crafting.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Bacteria from Ngapi, a Burmese Salted and Fermented Shrimp Paste

A total of 33 bacterial strains from ngapl, a Burmese salted and fermented shrimp paste, were screened for antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Two strains, NP1-1 and NP3-2, which showed high free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities, were selected. Radical scavenging activities of the ethyl acetate extracts were compared with those of BHA using DPPH. The antioxidant activity of extracts was determined according to the thiocyanate method. Moreover, the filtrate extracts from the two strains were found to have broad inhibitory activity against target bacteria. NP1-1 and NP3-2 strains were respectively identified as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp. based on the 16S rDNA sequences.