Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geotechnical characterization and seismic response of shallow geological formations in downtown Lisbon

The geological and geotechnical characterization of shallow formations is one of the main steps in performing a microzonation study. This paper presents an example of the usefulness of the information compiled in a geological and geotechnical database for the estimation of the seismic response of the shallower formations of the Lisbon downtown area of Baixa. The geotechnical characterization of this area was performed based on the analysis of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data compiled in the geological and geotechnical database. This database, connected to a geoscientific information system (CGIS), allows, also, the definition of 2D geological profiles used for estimating the thickness of the shallower layers. The shear-wave velocities (V S ) for each layer were estimated from empirical correlations using mean SPT values computed from the statistical evaluation of the compiled data. These V S values were further calibrated with ambient vibration recording analysis. The seismic response of Baixa’s superficial deposits was estimated by applying a 1D equivalent linear method to a set of soil profiles, regularly distributed across the area, and using synthetic accelerograms to simulate input motions associated with probable earthquake occurrences in Lisbon. The results are presented in terms of maps of predominant frequencies, with the corresponding amplification level, as well as spectral amplification factors for 1 Hz and 2.5 Hz. The results show that the fundamental frequency of the Baixa area is between 1.2 Hz and 2 Hz, for the whole central valley, reaching 3 Hz near the edges where anthroprogenic and alluvial deposits have less expression. Amplification factors up to 5 were obtained. These results were achieved regardless of the considered input motion. The similarity of the obtained fundamental frequency with the natural frequency of Baixa’s old building stock increases the probability of resonance effects in future earthquakes.
Sperm Capacitation and Kinematics in Phodopus Hamsters

This study was designed to analyze changes in the spermatozoa of three species of Phodopus hamsters incubated under different conditions. Cauda epididymal sperm were incubated for 4 h in modified Tyrode’s medium containing albumin, lactate, pyruvate, and Hepes (mTALP-H), in the same medium with the addition of bicarbonate (mTALP-BH), or with bicarbonate and 20 ng/mL of progesterone (mTALP-BH+P4). Media with bicarbonate are believed to promote capacitation in rodent species. Sperm motility, viability, capacitation patterns, and kinematics were assessed at different times. Capacitation in live cells was quantified after staining with Hoechst 33258 and chlortetracycline. Patterns believed to correspond to non-capacitated cells (F pattern), capacitated, acrosome-intact cells (B pattern), and acrosome-reacted cells (AR pattern) were recognized. Kinematics were examined via computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The results showed a decrease in total motility in all three species in different media, with a sharp decrease in progressive motility in bicarbonate-containing media (without or with progesterone), suggesting hyperactivated motion. However, none of the other signs of hyperactivation described in rodents (i.e., decrease in STR or LIN, together with an increase in ALH) were observed. F pattern cells diminished with time in all media and were generally lower in P. roborovskii and higher in P. campbelli. B pattern cells increased in mTALP-BH media in all species. Progesterone did not enhance the percentage of B pattern cells. Finally, AR pattern cells increased in all species incubated in different media, showing the highest percentage in P. roborovskii and the lowest in P. campbelli. Comparisons between media revealed that there were higher percentages of F pattern cells and lower percentages of B pattern cells over time in medium without bicarbonate (mTALP-H) in comparison to media containing bicarbonate (mTALP-BH; mTALP-BH+P4). Overall, changes consistent with the acquisition of capacitation and development of hyperactivated motility were found; however, further studies are required to better characterize media necessary to support the pathways involved in these processes in Phodopus species.
Long-Term Preventive Failure Mitigation Strategy For Transformers Based on Markov Method

In this paper, we propose a preventive failure mitigation strategy in the power system based on Markov method. Specifically, we consider multiple units in the system, which are of different types and are managed by a single utility company. To characterize the operation, failure mitigation, and deterioration processes of the equipment, a continuous-time Markov model is formulated. By modelling the failure rate of equipment and the reinstallation rate after failures, the steady state of the proposed Markov model is analytically derived. Then to optimize the long-term net revenue of the utility company, the optimal failure mitigation rate is determined by considering the failure mitigation capacity for each equipment type as well as the overall failure mitigation capacity of the company. The performance of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated with three types of transformers in the simulation.
Neutrino Masses in Supersymmetric Models with R-Symmetry

In this article, we give a brief review of the origin of the neutrino mass in some interesting non-linear supersymmetric models with R-symmetry. These models are able to address and solve the most important problems of particle physics and provide mechanisms for neutrino mass generation and their mixing parameters in agreement with the current experimental data. Their prediction could be experimentally tested in the near future by collider experiments.
Prevalence and Burden of Gastrointestinal Parasites among University Students at Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Tanzania

Gastrointestinal parasites cause major health problems in many tropical and sub-tropical countries including Tanzania. However, information on the status of these infections is often scanty, especially among young adults including students in higher learning institutions. During December 2020 to June 2021, a total of 272 faecal samples from university students at Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE) were examined for parasites using the Kato Katz technique and analysed for infection levels based on standard guidelines. Detected parasites were identified as Schistosoma mansoni (8.1%), hookworms (1.5%), Trichuris trichiura (0.4%) and Hymenolepis diminuta (0.4%), with an overall prevalence of 10.4%. S. mansoni had the highest mean intensity of 792 eggs per gram (epg) of faeces, while H. diminuta was the least intense parasite (120 epg). While infection levels of most parasites were generally low, S. mansoni intensity was categorized as heavy based on standard criteria. The findings indicated the public importance of parasitic infections among young adults who are often excluded from most intervention programmes. Thus, further studies to elucidate the magnitude of the infections among young adults in higher learning institutions in Tanzania is warranted alongside regular prescriptions of anthelminthics and sanitation and hygiene education to reduce parasite transmissions.
A new elasmobranch assemblage from the early Eocene (Ypresian) Fishburne Formation of Berkeley County, South Carolina, USA

A rich elasmobranch assemblage was recovered from the early Eocene (Ypresian) Fishburne Formation in a limestone quarry at Jamestown, Berkeley County, South Carolina, USA. Reported herein are 22 species belonging to 8 orders, at least 15 families, and 21 genera. It includes the first occurrence of Protoginglymostoma from North America. Many of the reported species have large palaeobiogeographical ranges and inhabited waters on both sides of the Atlantic, whereas others were endemic to the east coast of North America. The paucity of sizeable dentition from several of the larger species in this assemblage, and the apparent absence of relatively large macrophagous species found in contemporaneous deposits elsewhere, suggests the Jamestown site may represent a nursery ground and refuge for young and smaller individuals.
New gridded daily climatology of Finland: Permutation‐based uncertainty estimates and temporal trends in climate

Long‐term time series of key climate variables with a relevant spatiotemporal resolution are essential for environmental science. Moreover, such spatially continuous data, based on weather observations, are commonly used in, e.g., downscaling and bias correcting of climate model simulations. Here we conducted a comprehensive spatial interpolation scheme where seven climate variables (daily mean, maximum, and minimum surface air temperatures, daily precipitation sum, relative humidity, sea level air pressure, and snow depth) were interpolated over Finland at the spatial resolution of 10 × 10 km2. More precisely, (1) we produced daily gridded time series (FMI_ClimGrid) of the variables covering the period of 1961–2010, with a special focus on evaluation and permutation‐based uncertainty estimates, and (2) we investigated temporal trends in the climate variables based on the gridded data. National climate station observations were supplemented by records from the surrounding countries, and kriging interpolation was applied to account for topography and water bodies. For daily precipitation sum and snow depth, a two‐stage interpolation with a binary classifier was deployed for an accurate delineation of areas with no precipitation or snow. A robust cross‐validation indicated a good agreement between the observed and interpolated values especially for the temperature variables and air pressure, although the effect of seasons was evident. Permutation‐based analysis suggested increased uncertainty toward northern areas, thus identifying regions with suboptimal station density. Finally, several variables had a statistically significant trend indicating a clear but locally varying signal of climate change during the last five decades.
From Pulses to Sleep Stages: Towards Optimized Sleep Classification Using Heart-Rate Variability

More and more people quantify their sleep using wearables and are becoming obsessed in their pursuit of optimal sleep (“orthosomnia”). However, it is criticized that many of these wearables are giving inaccurate feedback and can even lead to negative daytime consequences. Acknowledging these facts, we here optimize our previously suggested sleep classification procedure in a new sample of 136 self-reported poor sleepers to minimize erroneous classification during ambulatory sleep sensing. Firstly, we introduce an advanced interbeat-interval (IBI) quality control using a random forest method to account for wearable recordings in naturalistic and more noisy settings. We further aim to improve sleep classification by opting for a loss function model instead of the overall epoch-by-epoch accuracy to avoid model biases towards the majority class (i.e., “light sleep”). Using these implementations, we compare the classification performance between the optimized (loss function model) and the accuracy model. We use signals derived from PSG, one-channel ECG, and two consumer wearables: the ECG breast belt Polar® H10 (H10) and the Polar® Verity Sense (VS), an optical Photoplethysmography (PPG) heart-rate sensor. The results reveal a high overall accuracy for the loss function in ECG (86.3 %, κ = 0.79), as well as the H10 (84.4%, κ = 0.76), and VS (84.2%, κ = 0.75) sensors, with improvements in deep sleep and wake. In addition, the new optimized model displays moderate to high correlations and agreement with PSG on primary sleep parameters, while measures of reliability, expressed in intra-class correlations, suggest excellent reliability for most sleep parameters. Finally, it is demonstrated that the new model is still classifying sleep accurately in 4-classes in users taking heart-affecting and/or psychoactive medication, which can be considered a prerequisite in older individuals with or without common disorders. Further improving and validating automatic sleep stage classification algorithms based on signals from affordable wearables may resolve existing scepticism and open the door for such approaches in clinical practice.
5. CHARACTERIZATION OF LOW AND HIGH MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS IN SEDIMENTS FROM THE BLAKE RIDGE, SITES 994, 995, AND 997 1

Sediments from Holes 994C, 995A, 997A, and 997B have been investigated for “combined” gases (adsorbed gas and that portion of free gas that has not escaped from the pore volume during core recovery and sample collection and storage), solventextractable organic compounds, and microscopically identifiable organic matter. The soluble materials mainly consist of polar compounds. The saturated hydrocarbons are dominated by n-alkanes with a pronounced odd-even predominance pattern that is derived from higher plant remains. Unsaturated triterpenoids and 17s, 21s-pentacyclic triterpenoids are characteristic for a low maturity stage of the organic matter. The low maturity is confirmed by vitrinite reflectance values of 0.3%. The proportion of terrestrial remains (vitrinite) increases with sub-bottom depth. Within the liptinite fraction, marine algae plays a major role in the sections below 180 mbsf, whereas above this depth sporinites and pollen from conifers are dominant. These facies changes are confirmed by the downhole variations of isoprenoid and triterpenoid ratios in the soluble organic matter. The combined gases contain methane, ethane, and propane, which is a mixture of microbial methane and thermal hydrocarbon gases. The variations in the gas ratios C 1 /(C 2 +C 3 ) reflect the depth range of the hydrate stability zone. The carbon isotopic contents of ethane and propane indicate an origin from marine organic matter that is in the maturity stage of the oil window.
Three‐dimensional vortices in single pores and their effects on transport

Three‐dimensional Navier‐Stokes flow and transport simulations are conducted for a single pore throat between cubic‐packed grains 1–2 mm in diameter to advance our basic understanding of porous media processes. The grains are considered either spherical or ellipsoidal, and flow between the grains at different Reynolds Number is oriented along or across their long axis. Discharge through the pore varied linearly with imposed pressure gradients. Vortices are present near the pore throats, with narrower and deeper pore throats displaying a series of vortices. The vortices drive tailing of solutes resulting in power‐law residence time distributions. Different tailing behavior is observed since the vortices are sensitive to grain shape and flow orientation. Tailing becomes more pronounced at higher Reynolds Number although the shape of the vortices remains unchanged.
Accounting Conservatism: Gender Diversity Accounting Conservatism: Gender Diversity and Educational Background on the Board of and Educational Background on the Board of Directors and Commissioner

This research aimed to analyze the effect of the board director’s characteristics and the board of commissioners toward accounting conservatism. The characteristics analyzed in this research were size, gender, and educational background that affect their behavior in dealing with issues related to accounting principles. This research will be conducted by analyzing all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019 using SPSS. Data was analyzed as 112 data using multiple regression analysis. The results show that both size of directors and commissioner’s and women of board director and commissioners affect the accounting conservatism. However, the educational background of board directors and commissioners does not affect accounting conservatism.
Assessment of MRI Safety Awareness and Practice Standards in Bangladesh

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the current MRI safety knowledge, awareness and practice standards among MRI technologist in Bangladesh and to perceive if the identified safety principles related to MRI management are in line with international standards. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out with consent option among MRI technologist in Bangladesh. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through email, the questionnaire contained ten parts and 47 questions in all. MRI technologist voluntarily consented and filled out the questionnaire. The questions were to explore knowledge about MRI safety policy and accessories, patient screening, adverse reaction, Infection control, Device labeling, Equipment safety, signage and barriers, access and communication, and MRI safety during pregnancy generally. The collected data were analyzed with the help of Microsoft Excel. Results: Regarding knowledge of MRI equipment, 34% of respondents were unaware of the symbols or signs used to denote the various zones in your MRI suit, and 27% were unaware of the negative effects of quenching magnets. About 45% of respondents, who were asked about emergency/safety accessories’ availability, answered that crash carts and MRI-compatible anesthetic equipment aren’t present in the department. In case of awareness of different zones of the MRI suite, which is crucial for an MRI unit, 46.08% of respondents were unaware in this issue. 50% of respondents do not believe that MRI has any harmful effect to people who are pregnant. This study revealed that many MRI facilities generally are not aware of departmental/equipment safety notices & obstacles. Conclusion: The study showed that awareness about MRI safely and practice standards were not encouraging with many of the MRI technologists due to their insufficient knowledge. They need training along with other supporting staff connected to patient to enhance their knowledge in implementation of safety policy, patient screening tools and exposure of MRI during pregnancy.
ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN OF THE FRIGATE TUNA, AUXIS THAZARD (LACEPEDEA, 1800) (FAMILY: SCOMBRIDAE) COLLECTED FROM THE SEA OF OMAN

Based on morphometric studies, the vertebral column of the frigate tuna. Auxis thazard, can be divided into three morphologically distinct regions; postcranial, middle and ural. Biometrical measurement of the length, height and width of the vertebral column of Auxis thazard allows vertebral profiles with characteristic features to be drawn. The differences in length of vertebrae present in different regions of the vertebral column cause regionalization in this structure. These morphologically descriptive parameters express a morphotype which seems to have a functional link with the frigate tuna's thunniform mode of swimming. Morphology, vertebrae, regionalization, frigate tuna, Auxis, The Sea of Oman.
The Impact of Sex, Body Mass Index, Age, Exercise Type and Exercise Duration on Interstitial Glucose Levels during Exercise

The impact of age, sex and body mass index on interstitial glucose levels as measured via continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) during exercise in the healthy population is largely unexplored. We conducted a multivariable generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis on CGM data (Dexcom G6, 10 days) collected from 119 healthy exercising individuals using CGM with the following specified covariates: age; sex; BMI; exercise type and duration. Females had lower postexercise glycemia as compared with males (92 ± 18 vs. 100 ± 20 mg/dL, p = 0.04) and a greater change in glycemia during exercise from pre- to postexercise (p = 0.001) or from pre-exercise to glucose nadir during exercise (p = 0.009). Younger individuals (i.e., <20 yrs) had higher glucose during exercise as compared with all other age groups (all p < 0.05) and less CGM data in the hypoglycemic range (<70 mg/dL) as compared with those aged 20–39 yrs (p < 0.05). Those who were underweight, based on body mass index (BMI: <18.5 kg/m2), had higher pre-exercise glycemia than the healthy BMI group (104 ± 20 vs. 97 ± 17 mg/dL, p = 0.02) but similar glucose levels after exercise. Resistance exercise was associated with less of a drop in glycemia as compared with aerobic or mixed forms of exercise (p = 0.008) and resulted in a lower percent of time in the hypoglycemic (p = 0.04) or hyperglycemic (glucose > 140 mg/dL) (p = 0.03) ranges. In summary, various factors such as age, sex and exercise type appear to have subtle but potentially important influence on CGM measurements during exercise in healthy individuals.
The petrographic description of carbonate facies: are we all speaking the same language?

Both academia and industry require consistent and repeatable carbonate lithofacies classifications as a primary input to the construction of depositional, diagenetic and reservoir models, and the Dunham System has long been held to satisfy this requirement. However, ambiguities in the petrographic description of carbonates are widespread. This study investigates the classification of carbonate lithofacies across academia and industry at a wide range of experience levels in order to quantitatively assess reproducibility. Some 241 volunteers, with over 4200 years of combined experience, examined a range of synthetic rock textures and natural lithologies and assigned textures as they saw appropriate. The results of the study identify the situations where classification ambiguities and inconsistencies are most common. The Dunham classification system was proved to be the scheme of choice with 89% of the classifications using some form of the Dunham system. However, all of the 24 samples yielded a wide variability in assigned texture with between 22 and 131 different names being assigned to a single specimen. The most common causes of inconsistency are; errors in assessing the mode of support, mistakes in estimating the size and volume of grains within the lithology, and confusion as to how to classify lithologies in which more than one texture is present. The textures of the modified Dunham Classification System are redefined in order to clarify any classification criteria that have been identified as points of confusion. Detailed classification guidelines are offered in order to minimize the possibility of misidentification or confusion. It is suggested that the term bafflestone is redundant and should be removed from the classification system. The adoption of these guidelines will increase confidence, reliability and value in the petrographic classification of carbonate lithologies, thereby enhancing communication and facilitating the development of more realistically constrained depositional, diagenetic and reservoir models.