Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The dust and gas content of carbon stars toward the Galactic Halo

We present Spitzer IRS spectra of four carbon stars located in the Galactic Halo and the thick disc. The spectra display typical features of carbon stars with SiC dust emission and C$_2$H$_2$ molecular absorption. Dust radiative transfer models and infrared colors enable us to determine the dust production rates for these stars whilst prior CO measurements yield expansion velocities and total mass-loss rates. The gas properties (low expansion velocities (around 7 km/s) and strong C$_2$H$_2$ molecular absorption bands) are consistent with the stars being metal-poor. However the dust content of these stars (strong SiC emission bands) is very similar to what is observed in metal-rich carbon stars. The strong SiC emission may indicate that the carbon stars derive from a metal-rich population, or that these AGB stars produce silicon. The origin of the halo carbon stars is not known. They may be extrinsinc halo stars belonging to the halo population, they may have been accreted from a satellite galaxy such as the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy, or they may be escapees from the galactic disk. If the stars are intrinsically metal-rich, an origin in the disc would be most likely. If an $\alpha$-element enhancement can be confirmed, it would argue for an origin in the halo (which is known to be $\alpha$-enhanced) or a Galactic satellite.
The Influence of Density on the Mechanical Response of Reinforced High-Density Polyurethane Foams: A Statistical Approach

In this work, rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) reinforced by micro fibrillated cellulose (MFC) were manufactured using the free rising method and also under confinement inside a closed mould, aiming to increase apparent density and improve mechanical response. Neat RPUF were also manufactured for comparison. The mechanical response, evaluated by compression (following ASTM D1621 standard) tests were correlated with the final composite apparent density (evaluated following ASTM D1622 standard). Simple linear regression statistical models, based on F-test, were developed using stat graphics software, aiming to understand and correlate the increment in density and its influence on the improvement in mechanical response. Different models were developed to describe the foam behavior. The main results show a more significant influence of the density on strength than stiffness for the neat RPUF, unlike the MFC-reinforced RPUF, which presented an opposite response. These effects could be caused by the lower content of voids when the foams were produced under confinement, and by the greater crosslink density, when MFC was added.
Risk Factors for, and Prediction of, Shoulder Pain in Young Badminton Players: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Shoulder pain (SP) caused by hitting the shuttlecock is common in young badminton players. The objectives of the present study were to predict the risk factors for SP in young badminton players, and to determine the optimal risk factor cut-off that best discriminates those players who are at higher risk of suffering from SP. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted with 45 under-17 badminton players who participated in the Spanish Championship. Data were collected on anthropometric age, sports history, sagittal spinal curves, range of motion (ROM) and maximum isometric strength of shoulder. After 12 months, players completed a SP history questionnaire. Bayesian Student’s t-analysis, binary logistic regression analysis and ROC analysis were performed. Results: Overall, 18 (47.4%) players reported at least one episode of SP. The shoulder internal rotation (SIR) ROM showed the strongest association (OR = 1.122; p = 0.035) with SP. The SIR ROM has an excellent ability to discriminate players at increased risk for SP (p = 0.001). The optimal cut-off for SIR ROM, which predicts players with an 81% probability of developing SP, was set at 55° (sensitivity = 75.0%, specificity = 83.3%). Conclusions: The young badminton players who had a shoulder internal rotation ROM of 55° or less have a higher risk of SP one year later.
Screening and nonlocal correlations in the extended Hubbard model from self-consistent combined GW and dynamical mean field theory

We describe a recent implementation of the combined GW and dynamical mean field (DMFT) method "GW+DMFT" for the two-dimensional Hubbard model with on-site and nearest-neighbor repulsion. We clarify the relation of the GW+DMFT scheme to alternative approaches in the literature, and discuss the corresponding approximations to the free energy functional of the model. Furthermore, we describe a numerically exact technique for the self-consistent solution of the GW+DMFT equations, namely the hybridization expansion continuous-time algorithm for solving the dynamical impurity model that arises within the GW+DMFT scheme. We compute the low-temperature phase diagram of the extended Hubbard model, addressing the metal-insulator transition at small intersite interactions and the transition to a charge-ordered state for stronger intersite repulsions. Within the GW+DMFT framework, as in extended DMFT, the intersite repulsion translates into a frequency-dependence of the local effective interaction. We analyze this dependence by extracting a charateristic plasma frequency and show how it affects the local spectral function.
The latest Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 lineages are frowning toward COVID‐19 preventive measures: A threat to global public health

A cluster of pneumonia cases was reported by the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, China, Hubei Province, resulting in the identification of a novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2). As of September 19, 2022, more than 609 million cases and 6.5 million deaths have been recorded worldwide. The highest number of COVID‐19 cases have been recorded in Europe, followed by the Americas, Western Pacific, South‐East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, and Africa regions. As a country, the US contributed the highest number of COVID‐19 cases and deaths. SARS‐CoV‐2 is constantly mutating and dodging antibodies to infect more people. Epidemiologists in South Africa detected the fifth and the latest “variant of concern” (VOC) of SARS‐CoV‐2. They reported this new variant to the World Health Organization (WHO) on November 24, 2021. This fifth VOC of SARS‐CoV‐2 contains more than 30 mutations in its viral spike proteins to allow it more transmissibility and infection rates. The WHO named this fifth VOC of SARS‐CoV‐2 as the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) on November 26, 2021. Omicron became the leading variant in COVID‐19 after its inception. At present, Omicron is the only circulating VOC. Initially, Omicron had three subvariants (e.g., BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3). BA.1 was predominant during the fourth wave of the pandemic in South Africa. However, the global pattern was inconsistent in some other countries. BA.2 variant was responsible for hospitalizations and deaths in most cases during the Omicron wave in South Africa. Currently, the Omicron variant includes five lineages and some other descendant subvariants. Omicron subvariants that have rapidly spread across the globe. Initially, BA.1 and BA.2 were predominant Omicron subvariant worldwide. However, BA.4 and BA.5 variants are now leading in Europe and the United States. The WHO classified BA.4, BA.5, BA.2. 12.1, and BA.2. 75 as VOC‐subvariants under monitoring. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control categorized BA.4 and BA.5 as VOC from VOI on May 12, 2022. Therefore, we recommend prioritized monitoring of epidemiology of the COVID‐19 pandemic due to Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants. This article aims to present an update on Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants of SARS‐CoV‐2 and their potential impact on global public health. Scientists detected the BA.4 and BA.5 variants from a sample collected from South Africa in early 2022. BA.4 and BA.5 have similarities with parent variants based on their genotype and phenotype as both are subvariants of Omicron. These subvariants have all mutations that Omicron had. The spike proteins of the latest Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants are identical and more similar to BA.2 than BA.1. The Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants fueled a surge of cases in South Africa in the spring despite having widespread pre‐existing immunity to the virus. The COVID‐19 wave due to BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants was not as high as earlier waves, and deaths did not rise as sharply in South Africa.
Clifford algebras and spinor structures : a special volume dedicated to the memory of Albert Crumeyrolle, 1919-1992

Preface/Avant-propos. La demarche algebrique d'un geometre A. Micali. List of publications of Albert Crumeyrolle (1919--1992). Ph.D. theses written under the supervision of Albert Crumeyrolle. Historical Survey:- Some Clifford algebra history A. Diek, R. Kantowski. Clifford Algebras:- Tensors and Clifford algebra A. Charlier, M. -F. Charlier, A. Roux. Sur les algebres de Clifford III A. Micali. Finite geometry, Dirac groups and the table of real Clifford algebras R. Shaw. Clfford algebra techniques in linear algebra G. Sobczyk. Crumeyrolle/Chevalley, Weyl, Pure and Majorana Spinors:- Construction of spinors via Witt decomposition and primitive idempotents: a review R. Ablamowicz. Crumeyrolle-Chevalley-Riesz spinors and covariance G. Jones, W.E. Baylis. Twistors as geometric objects in spacetime J. Keller. Crumeyrolle's bivectors and spinors P. Lounesto. On the relationships between the Dirac spinors and Clifford subalgebra Cl+1,3 F. Piazzese. Spinor fields and superfields as equivalence classes of exterior algebra fields W.A. Rodrigues Jr., Q.A. G. de Souza, J. Vaz Jr. Chevalley-Crumeyrolle spinors in McKane-Parisi-Sourlas theorem S. Rodriguez-Romo. Spinors from a differential point of view M. Rosenbaum, C.P. Luehr, H. Harleston. Dirac Operator, Maxwell's Equations, and Conformal Covariance:- Eigenvalues of the Dirac operator, twistors and Killing spinors on Riemannian manifolds H. Baum, Th. Friedrich. Dirac's field operator H.T. Cho, A. Diek, R. Kantowski. Biquaternionic formulation of Maxwell's equations and their solutions K. Imaeda. The massless Dirac equation, Maxwell'sequations, and the application of Clifford algebras P. Morgan. The conformal covariance of Huygens' principle-type formulae in Clifford analysis J. Ryan. Clifford Analysis, Boundary Value Problems, Hermite Interpolants, and Pade Approximants:- Clifford-valued functions in l3 W.E. Baylis, B. Jancewicz. Clifford analysis and elliptic boundary value problems K. Gurlebeck, W. Sprosig. A complete boundary collocation system F. Kippig. On the algebraic foundations of the vector e-algorithm D.E. Roberts. Clifford Algebras and Generalizations:- Classical spinor structures on quantum spaces M. urdevic. A unified metric B.M. Kemmell. Quantum braided Clifford algebras J. Lawrynowicz, L.C. Papaloucas, R. Rembielinski>. Clifford algebra for Hecke braid Z. Oziewicz. Index.
Relative Perturbation Theory for Matrix Spectral Decompositions

Dissertation Zagreb, 2000. to Branka Acknowledgement I would like to express my thanks to all who have helped and supported me during the writing of this thesis. First of all I would like to thank my mentor Prof. Dr. Ivan Slapničar for introducing me to the exciting field of relative perturbation theory, for devoting to me a lot of his time, and for sharing with me so many of his ideas. I also wish to thank Prof. Dr.
The Organizational Performance of Higher Educational Institutions in China: The Role of Leadership Style

The landscape of higher education institutions (HEIs) has changed and become increasingly complex, making it crucial for colleges and universities to cultivate and hire savvy individuals who can effectively implement change initiatives and lead faculty, staff, and students. Higher education institutions (HEI) have unquestionably experienced a successful period of transition and transformation over the past decade. This achievement can be ascribed to the pressures they faced in securing, maintaining, and retaining their position in the university rankings. In light of all these shifts, it's clear that the head of an educational institution faces significant difficulties in adjusting to the new circumstances. Much literature suggests that leaders can boost important metrics like employee job satisfaction and commitment by tuning in to and responding to the needs of their followers. Contingency or situational theory has been proposed to support the whole body of study. This study was developed to assess these two specific areas. The first was a comprehensive review of leadership style preferences among leaders in HEIs as a collective group. The second was to determine whether leadership style was significantly able to measure organizational performance. The suggested conceptual framework was able to discover a significant preference differential between transactional leadership and transformational leadership, with academics expressing a greater preference than staff as well. Overall, the proposed framework can be adapted to any scenario variable or future research field. It will effectively contribute to the advancement of China's education system.
Intersection of the Ubiquitin–Proteasome System with Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) present a major social problem worldwide due to their high incidence and mortality rate. Many pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in CVDs, and oxidative stress plays a vital mediating role in most of these mechanisms. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the main machinery responsible for degrading cytosolic proteins in the repair system, which interacts with the mechanisms regulating endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Recent evidence also points to the role of UPS dysfunction in the development of CVDs. The UPS has been associated with oxidative stress and regulates reduction–oxidation homeostasis. However, the mechanisms underlying UPS-mediated oxidative stress’s contribution to CVDs are unclear, especially the role of these interactions at different disease stages. This review highlights the recent research progress on the roles of the UPS and oxidative stress, individually and in combination, in CVDs, focusing on the pathophysiology of key CVDs, including atherosclerosis, ischemia–reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. This synthesis provides new insight for continued research on the UPS–oxidative stress interaction, in turn suggesting novel targets for the treatment and prevention of CVDs.
Three‐dimensional magnetic flux rope structure formed by multiple sequential X‐line reconnection at the magnetopause

On 14 June 2007, four Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft observed a flux transfer event (FTE) on the dayside magnetopause, which has been previously proved to be generated by multiple, sequential X‐line reconnection (MSXR) in a 2‐D context. This paper reports a further study of the MSXR event to show the 3‐D viewpoint based on additional measurements. The 3‐D structure of the FTE flux rope across the magnetospheric boundary is obtained on the basis of multipoint measurements taken on both sides of the magnetopause. The flux rope's azimuthally extended section is found to lie approximately on the magnetopause surface and parallel to the X‐line direction; while the axis of the magnetospheric branch is essentially along the local unperturbed magnetospheric field lines. In the central region of the flux rope, as distinct from the traditional viewpoint, we find from the electron distributions that two types of magnetic field topology coexist: opened magnetic field lines connecting the magnetosphere and the magnetosheath and closed field lines connecting the Southern and Northern hemispheres. We confirm, therefore, for the first time, the characteristic feature of the 3‐D reconnected magnetic flux rope, formed through MSXR, through a determination of the field topology and the plasma distributions within the flux rope. Knowledge of the complex geometry of FTE flux ropes will improve our understanding of solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction.
A new class of high accuracy TVD schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws. [Total Variation Diminishing]

A new family of high accuracy Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) schemes has been developed. Members of the family include the conventional second-order TVD upwind scheme, various other second-order accurate TVD schemes with lower truncation error, and even a third-order accurate TVD approximation. All the schemes are defined with a five-point grid bandwidth. In this paper, the new algorithms are described for scalar equations, systems, and arbitrary coordinates. Selected numerical results are provided to illustrate the new algorithms and their properties.
Compatibility conditions, modulation mechanisms and preferred modes in incompressible flow over a cavity

Self-sustained oscillations in cavity-flows can be strongly influenced by shear layer instability acting together with feedback and modulation mechanisms. When coherently organized, these oscillations lock-on at a fundamental frequency and compatibility conditions exist between shear layer forcing, non linear interactions and low-frequency modulations. Special attention is given to the frequency coincidence which may appear in spectral distributions due to combinations between the dominant peak and its sidebands. Hence, the possible existence of two preferred modes in incompressible cavity-flows at medium Reynolds numbers is shown. This leads to a detailed categorization of the flow modulated regimes and to the specification of a persistent mode involved in modulation process whatever the oscillation stage.
STRONTIUM AND BARIUM IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES

The detailed abundance patterns of the stars within galaxies provide a unique window into the history of star formation (SF) at early times. Two widely used “chronometers” include the α and iron-peak elements, which are created on short and long timescales, respectively. These two clocks have been widely used to estimate SF timescales from moderate-resolution spectra of early-type galaxies. Elements formed via s-process neutron captures (e.g., Sr and Ba) comprise a third type of chronometer, as the site of the main s-process is believed to be intermediate and low-mass asymptotic giant branch stars. The [α/Ba] ratio in particular should provide a powerful new constraint on the SF histories of galaxies, in part because it is insensitive to the uncertain distribution of Type Ia supernovae detonation times and the overall Ia rate. Here we present new measurements of the abundance of Sr and Ba in nearby early-type galaxies by applying stellar population synthesis tools to high signal-to-noise optical spectra. We find a strong anti-correlation between [Mg/Fe] and [Ba/Fe], and a strong positive correlation between [Mg/Ba] and galaxy velocity dispersion. These trends are consistent with the idea that more massive galaxies formed their stars on shorter timescales compared to less massive galaxies, and rule out several other proposed explanations for the observed super-solar [Mg/Fe] values in massive galaxies. In contrast, [Sr/Fe] ∼0, with no strong variation across the sample. It is difficult to interpret the Sr trends without detailed chemical evolution models owing to the multiplicity of proposed nucleosynthetic sites for Sr.
Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in Combination With Conventional Therapy for Treatment of Pph

Haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality, accounting for about 35% of all maternal deaths. About 14 million women around the world suffer from Post Partum Hemorrhage (PPH) every year. Of them, about 2% die with an average interval of 2-4 hrs from onset of bleeding. Tranexamic Acid (TXA) is the most effective of the available anti-fibrinolytics, which has been shown to be very useful in reducing blood loss and incidence of blood transfusion in different surgeries. The study was done to see the efficacy of injectable tranexamic acid in addition to conventional treatment in control of atonic PPH. In this study, women having atonic PPH following vaginal delivery were grouped into two, A & B. Group A received 2 amp inj.TXA (Tranexamic acid) i.v immediately after diagnosis of PPH and Group B received 10ml distilled water i.v. Both groups received all other necessary measures for control of PPH and outcomes were recorded in a preformed data collection sheet. All data were analyzed by computer based software Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 15.The results showed that tranexamic acid significantly reduced the volume of blood loss in atonic PPH, 1141.23±489.91 ml in study group versus 1365.25±428.22 ml in control group.PPH control within 2 hr with medical therapies occurred more in TXA group (88.09%) than in control group (57.14%). Invasive procedures were less required in TXA group than in control group ,condom catheter in 4 pt. (9.52%) compared to 11(26.19%) in control group. Hysterectomy was done in 1 case of TXA group compared to 7 cases of control group. TXA also significantly reduced the necessity of blood transfusion in PPH, 26.19% in TXA group compared to 54.76% in control group. So one gm i.v. tranexamic acid given along with other conventional measures at the diagnosis of atonic PPH significantly reduces the amount of blood loss, requirement of blood transfusion, necessity of invasive procedures. JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 34 - 39
Basic ecology of ant gardens in a dry-premontane transitional forest

Introduction: Ant gardens are ant nests located at different heights on trees on which vascular epiphytic plants that have been transported and sown by ants have germinated. Although this mutualistic relationship has been studied in humid tropical ecosystems, information on other tropical and Colombian ecosystems is scarce. Objective: To characterize the spatial distribution, formation process, diversity, demography, and phenology of Ant gardens in a secondary dry premontane transitional forest in Colombia. Methods: We estimated the spatial distribution and formation process of ant gardens. Phenological and demographic monitoring of epiphytes plants of ant gardens was performed. The monitoring of the ant gardens was done in transects, every 15 days. Results: The ant gardens showed an aggregated distribution pattern relative to water bodies. The garden-forming ant species was identified as Azteca ulei. Ten species of epiphytes plants and 13 species of phorophytes trees related to ant gardens were identified. The behavior of A. ulei favored the formation and maintenance of the ant gardens. A positive relationship was found between epiphyte richness and ant garden size. Some epiphytes presented a bimodal phenological pattern. The demographic pattern of epiphytes suggests that in the dry season, the number of established seedlings is reduced, which reduces the number of adults that remain in ant gardens. Conclusions: Ant gardens are the microhabitat that allows the germination, establishment, and reproduction of diverse epiphytes in the studied dry-premontane transitional forest.