Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Linguistic Landscape of Kuala Lumpur

Abstract: Linguistic landscape (LL) refers to the visibility and salience of languages on public and commercial signs in a given territory or region. The highest density of signs can be found in cities and towns, particularly in the main shopping streets and industrial areas. This study is a synchronic analysis of digitally photographed commercial shop signs in three selected regions of Kuala Lumpur that focuses on the patterns of the language use. Findings reveal bilingual shop signs dominated the shopping streets in the areas adjacent to and within Kuala Lumpur and English being more prevalent than the national language or other languages. There was also visibility of foreign languages that offers linguistic diversity in the cityscapes. In summary, multilingualism in the areas boils down to different languages being used and functioning in differing ways.
Pengaruh Sosial Media Instagram Terhadap Minat Beli Followers Bandung Makuta

Saat ini, banyak bermunculan bisnis kuliner yang memanfaatkan akun social media untuk mengiklankan produknya, sehingga persaingan bisnis kuliner menjadi lebih ketat. Pelaku bisnis makanan harus memerhatikan kegunaan social media yang sesuai dengan target pasarnya sehingga pesan yang diberikan efektif, efisien dan memenuhi tujuan dari penggunaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh social media Instagram terhadap minat beli Followers Bandung Makuta. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Uji data melalui uji validitas, reliabilitas, dan normalitas. Analisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier sederhana dengan pengambilan sampel yaitu pengguna Instagram yang mengikuti Instagram Bandung Makuta. Kata kunci : Social Media Instagram, Minat Beli, service recovery
Using Digital Technology to Reduce the Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders in Populations: Time for a New Approach

Digital technology, which includes the collection, analysis, and use of data from a variety of digital devices, has the potential to reduce the prevalence of disorders and improve mental health in populations. Among the many advantages of digital technology is that it allows preventive and clinical interventions, both of which are needed to reduce the prevalence of mental health disorders, to be feasibly integrated into health care and community delivery systems and delivered at scale. However, the use of digital technology also presents several challenges, including how systems can manage and implement interventions in a rapidly changing digital environment and handle critical issues that affect population-wide outcomes, including reaching the targeted population, obtaining meaningful levels of uptake and use of interventions, and achieving significant outcomes. We describe a possible solution, which is to have an outcome optimization team that focuses on the dynamic use of data to adapt interventions for populations, while at the same time, addressing the complex relationships among reach, uptake, use, and outcome. We use the example of eating disorders in young people to illustrate how this solution could be implemented at scale. We also discuss system, practitioner-related, and other issues related to the adaptation of such an approach. Digital technology has great potential for facilitating the reduction of mental illness rates in populations. However, achieving this goal will require the implementation of new approaches. As a solution, we argue for the need to create outcome optimization teams, tasked with integrating data from various sources and using advanced data analytics and new designs to develop interventions/strategies to increase reach, uptake, use/engagement, and outcomes for both preventive and treatment interventions.
Effect of arsenic exposure on metabolic activities involving adaptive responses in liver of fresh water fishes (Channa punctata).

As a major organ, liver plays the critical role in metabolic regulation, however, the metabolic activities are impaired by both environmental and chemical stimuli. Channa punctata variety of fishes was exposed to different concentration of sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4) as the fishes are energetic and survive in the critical environment. Both 1 mM and 10 mM Na2HAsO4 enhanced protein content in liver for 1 h and 2 h, however, the effect was higher for 10 mM concentration. The fishes exposed to 100 mM Na2HAsO4 also causes increase in protein and the effect was lower than the previous doses. The inorganic phosphate (Pi) level was increased significantly whenever the fishes were exposed to Na2HAsO4 and found to be higher for 1 mM dose. The increased Pi release was also observed in response to higher dose, however, lower than the previous doses. Similar stimulatory effects on alkaline phosphatase activity were observed in liver exposed to the above concentrations and were found to be maximal for 1 mM dose. The results appear to indicate that the adaptive response involving the higher synthesis of molecules induced by arsenic is responsible for survive of the species and will give a new insight for the regulation of metabolic activities in liver and might be an index for characterization of the pathology of fishes.
Using environmental DNA for detection of
 Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans
 in natural water

Rapid, early, and reliable detection of invasive pathogenic microorganisms is essential in order to either predict or delineate an outbreak, and monitor appropriate mitiga-tion measures. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans is expanding in Europe, and infection with this fungus may cause massive mortality in urodelans (salamanders and newts). In this study, we designed and validated species-specific primers and a probe for detection of B. salamandrivorans in water. In a garden pond in close proximity to the B. salamandrivorans index site in the Netherlands, B. salamandrivorans -infected newts had been detected in 2015 and have been monitored since. In 2016 and 2017, no B. salamandrivorans was detected at this site, but in 2018 B. salamandrivorans flared up in this isolated pond which allowed validation of the technique in situ. We here present the development of an environmental DNA tech nique that successfully detects B. salamandrivorans DNA in natural waterbodies even at low concentrations. This technique may be further validated to play a role in B. salamandrivorans range delineation and surveillance in both natural waterbodies and in captive collections.
Status of Mammals in the Expansion Sites of the Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, Mindanao, Philippines

Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the biodiversity hotspots in the Mindanao faunal region, which is home to about 21 species of mammals. This study provides data on mammal assemblage and assessment on the added value of the ca. 2.99 km2 MHRWS expansion sites to the already protected zone. Faunistic inventory and assessment documented 19 species of mammals belonging to 16 genera, eight families and five orders. This adds nine species to the previously reported mammals of Mt. Hamiguitan range making it a home to 30 species. Relatively low diversity of mammals (H’=0.615) in the expansion sites is attributed to poor soil resulting to low forest productivity and habitat loss due to mining, logging and shifting cultivation. This unique assemblage of vulnerable and endemic species of bats and mammals in Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary expansion sites calls for more sampling effort and conservation strategies to maintain its bat and mammal assemblage.
Induction of genetic variability for polygenic traits through physical and chemical mutagens in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp].

An investigation was carried out to estimate the genetic variability induced through physical and chemical mutagens in cowpea . The seed of cowpea variety RC 19 were treated with gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), in M2 generation indicating significant differences in the mean value of treated population. The mean values for plant height, number of primary branches, number of pods, number of grains, 100-seed weight and seed yield reduced significantly with increasing concentration of both the mutagens. Protein content and biological yield increase significantly with increasing doses of both the mutagens. The study revealed that magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation was distinctly high for plant height, number. of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, biological yield, harvest index and protein content. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher then genotypic coefficient of variation except in protein content for family EMS 0.1 %. The gap between GCV and PCV was narrow which reflect lesser degree of environmental influence on the genotypic variability
The Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of America North of Mexico, Emphasizing Genitalic and Larval Morphology

T D. Eichlm and H. B. Cunningham. The Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of America North of Mexico, Emphasizing Genitalic and Larval Morphology. U.S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1567, 122 pp., 1978. Adults of 71 species and larvae of 35 species of the noctuid subfamily flusimae of America north of Mexico were studied. Included are keys to the genera based on adult structures, a key to the species for which larvae are known, with setal maps and illustrations of other taxonomic characters, and keys to the adults based on the external morphology and on the male and témale genitalia, with photographs and illustrations of the structures Two species are described, Syngrapha abstrusa n. sp. and S. cryptica n sp. , which form a species complex with S. alias (Ottolengui). S. viridisiffma (Cxrote) IS elevated to species level, having previously been considered a variation of S. selecta (Walker). Caloplusia Smith and Anagrapha McDunnough are synonymized with Syngrapha Hübner. Biological data distributional information, and bibliographical notations are included A phylogeny for the species comprising the subfamily in North America is proposed. This phylogeny has been deduced by correlating characters of both adults and larvae and comparing it with similar studies of Palearctic species. Washington, D.C. Issued March 1978
The effect of mulberry leaf meal on the growth performance of weaner goats in Jamaica.

The ever increasing cost of commercial concentrates, formulated from imported grains, makes supplementation in goat rations very expensive. This has given rise to the need for less dependence on concentrates and for more emphasis to be placed on forages of high nutritive value for use in weaner production systems. Twelve growing male goats (6 Boers and 6 crossbred Nubians), 3 – 4 months old with mean body weight of 19.68 ± 2.08 kg were used to evaluate the effect of mulberry leaf meal as a substitute for commercial concentrates on the growth of young stall-fed goats in Jamaica. The animals were randomly assigned to three treatment diets (T1, T2, and T3) and fed in individual stalls for 100 days. They were each given a basal diet of pangola grass hay. The treatments were (mulberry: concentrate ratio, on dry matter basis as a percentage of body weight) 0:2, 1:1 and 2:0 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The parameters measured included average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), crude protein intake (CPI) and feed conversion. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the three treatment groups for ADG. Actual results showed ADG of 123.0, 125.0 and 121.0 g/d for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. DMI increased with increasing levels of mulberry from 1.01 kg/d to 1.21 kg/d for goats on T1 and T3 diets, respectively. The DMI for T3 was significantly (P = 0.037) higher than for T1. This could be attributed to the bulkiness of the mulberry leaf meal compared to the commercial concentrate. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference between treatments for CPI or feed conversion rate. Based on the data it can be concluded that dried mulberry leaves can be used to substitute commercial concentrate as a supplement in the feeding of weaner goats fed pangola grass hay. Further research is, however, needed to determine the economics of such a feeding regime.
The Role of Erythropoietin Signaling in Human Cancer

Abstract : Hypoxia in solid tumors emanates from a structural and functionally disturbed vascular supply. Intratumoral oxygen levels are associated with poor prognosis, treatment resistance and cancer metastases, yet mechanisms for such phenomenon remain poorly understood. The major objective of this dissertation was to test whether or not erythropoietin (Epo), a hypoxia inducible cytokine, plays a role in astrocytoma treatment resistance and progression. The specific aims of this dissertation were to: 1) Determine whether or not hypoxia regulates the expression of Epo and EpoR (erythropoietin receptor) in astrocytomas. 2) Examine if Epo treatment results in treatment resistance in astrocytomas against chemotherapy. 3) Evaluate if Epo signaling promotes invasiveness in human astrocytomas. We examined the expression of erythropoietin and its receptor using immunohistochemistry in human glioma and head and neck tumor biopsies. We also established several in vitro cell death and cell invasion assays to examine the effects of Epo signaling on human malignant astrocytoma and head and neck cancer cell lines. In addition, we developed primers to measure baseline and hypoxia-inducible Epo and EpoR mRNA expression in cancer cells with quantitative RT-PCR. Collectively, this work answers key questions that provide insight into how hypoxia promotes cancer malignancy. Human cancers express Epo as well as functional EpoR. Expression of these proteins is most pronounced in hypoxic tumor regions and in invasive tumor margins. This work demonstrates that recombinant human Epoetin-alpha can directly stimulate the invasiveness of human cancer cells through Matrigel (TRADENAME). Epo also promotes tyrosine phosphorylation in human glioma cell lines. Hypoxia upregulates the expression of both Epo and EpoR in cancer cell lines and also promotes invasiveness.
Evolution of the eastern Asian–North American biogeographic disjunctions in ferns and lycophytes

This paper reviews 31 groups in ferns and lycophytes hypothesized to show eastern Asian–North American disjunctions. Fourteen lineages have been supported by recent phylogenetic evidence: Lycopodium nikoense and Lycopodium sitchense; Isoëtes asiatica and the clade of the North American species complex closely allied to I. maritima; Osmundastrum cinnamomeum; Osmunda claytoniana; the Adiantum pedatum complex; the Cryptogramma acrostichoides complex; Diplaziopsidaceae; Cystopteris chinensis and the Cystopteris bulbifera clade; Asplenium rhizophyllum and Asplenium ruprechtii; diploid Phegopteris; Onoclea sensibilis; the Polypodium appalachianum clade; and the Polypodium glycyrrhiza clade. Phylogenetic and/or cytological evidence did not support the biogeographic disjunctions in six cases: (1) Isoëtes asiatica and I. truncata; (2) Botrychium ternatum; (3) Thelypteris beddomei and T. nipponica—Thelypteris noveboracensis and T. nevadensis; (4) Thelypteris glanduligera and Thelypteris. japonica—T. simulata; (5) Woodwardia japonica and W. virginica; and (6) Woodwardia orientalis and Woodwardia fimbriata. Both vicariance and dispersal have been suggested to be the mechanisms for the formation of the disjunct pattern; and the Beringian region has been an active pathway for the migration of ferns and lycophytes between Asia and North America. Disjunctions of ferns and lycophytes reviewed here have been dated in the Tertiary, and are similar to the ages of eastern Asian–North American disjunctions in seed plants, supporting the close biogeographic co‐diversification of ferns and seed plants. Future studies are needed to estimate divergence times and reconstruct biogeographic events in a broad phylogenetic framework, and to test the morphological stasis hypothesis in disjunct ferns and lycophytes.
Towards adding verifiability to web-based Git repositories

Web-based Git hosting services such as GitHub and GitLab are popular choices to manage and interact with Git repositories. However, they lack an important security feature – the ability to sign Git commits. Users instruct the server to perform repository operations on their behalf and have to trust that the server will execute their requests faithfully. Such trust may be unwarranted though because a malicious or a compromised server may execute the requested actions in an incorrect manner, leading to a different state of the repository than what the user intended. In this paper, we show a range of high-impact attacks that can be executed stealthily when developers use the web UI of a Git hosting service to perform common actions such as editing ﬁles or merging branches. We then propose le-git-imate , a defense against these attacks, which enables users to protect their commits using Git’s standard commit signing mechanism. We implement le-git-imate as a Chrome browser extension. le-git-imate does not require changes on the server side and can thus be used immediately. It also preserves current workﬂows used in Github/GitLab and does not require the user to leave the browser, and it allows anyone to verify that the server’s actions faithfully follow the user’s requested actions. Moreover, experimental evaluation using the browser extension shows that le-git-imate has comparable performance with Git’s standard commit signature mechanism. With our solution in place, users can take advantage of GitHub/GitLab’s web-based features without sacriﬁcing security, thus paving the way towards veriﬁable web-based Git repositories.
Histologic Variants of Urothelial Carcinoma: Morphology, Molecular Features and Clinical Implications

Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease including conventional urothelial carcinoma (UC) and its histologic variants, and non-urothelial carcinoma, including squamous and glandular neoplasms. Urothelial carcinoma accounts for the majority of bladder cancer cases, but morphologic variants are common and include nested, microcystic, micropapillary, lymphoepithelioma-like, plasmacytoid, sarcomatoid, giant cell, undifferentiated, clear cell and lipoid. Certain variants of UC tend to be associated with a poor prognosis and have diagnostic and potential treatment implications that make the identification of variant histology crucial to clinical decision making. While there is still uncertainty regarding the prognostic implications of many of these variants, identifying and reporting variant histology is important to develop our understanding of their biology. Unique molecular features accompany many of these morphologic variants and to better understand these tumors, we review the molecular and clinical implications of histologic variants of bladder cancer. Major efforts are underway to include variant histology and divergent differentiation of UC in clinical trials to develop evidence based approaches to treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature on variant histology of urothelial cancer and to highlight molecular findings and the clinical relevance of these tumors.
Mycobacterium: Laboratory Characteristics of Slowly Growing Mycobacteria*

This chapter represents that detailed phenotypic methods of identification of mycobacteria. Although some phenotypic characterization remains important, it is now well recognized by experts in mycobacterial taxonomy that current accurate identification of organisms of both the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) requires molecular techniques for definitive identification to species level. The MTBC remains the most important group within the genus Mycobacterium from a global and clinical perspective. Mycobacterium species differ in the ability to grow at certain temperatures. For determination of the preferred growth temperature, solid culture media are inoculated with defined suspensions of mycobacteria and incubated at various temperatures. The chapter further highlights that some Mycobacterium species cannot use nicotinic acid, although they produce it in their biosynthetic pathways. Commercially available assays are intended for the detection of some of the most important Mycobacterium species and can be performed from both solid and liquid media. Two tests for the identification of several mycobacterial species are commercially available but are not yet FDA approved. The INNO-LiPA Mycobacteria v2 assay is based on the nucleotide differences in the 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer region. The GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS test is based on the detection of species-specific sequences in the 23S rRNA gene. The major criterion for molecular strain typing is that the test isolates must all belong to the same species. Thus, definitive identification to the species level is an important prerequisite.
Psychological Factors to Retain Teachers in Education in Namibia

Teachers are resigning at an alarming rate. It is feared that this will disrupt the education system, economic growth and development of Namibia. Considering the critical importance of education in any country, teacher attrition needs to be investigated and vital recommendations presented to prevent an economic collapse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological conditions, sense of calling, organisational commitment and turnover intention of teachers in Namibia. Due to the lack of qualified teachers, work stress increases and high learner failure rates continue. When teachers experience a sense of calling, meaning in their work, become more committed, they would want to stay, work hard, reducing work stress and reducing learner failure rates. This study made use of a questionnaire to collect data on the biographical details, psychological conditions, sense of calling, organisational commitment and turnover intention of teachers at schools in Namibia. The sample consisted of teachers from the Omaheke, Oshana and Oshikoto regions (n=288). These variables recorded significant relationships with turnover intention. Affective commitment, sense of calling (prosocial orientation search; transcendent summons search; purposeful work presence; purposeful work search), and psychological meaningfulness significantly predicted turnover intention. These positive psychological states can improve teachers productivity, work engagement and learners performance. Schools and teachers need to engage in job crafting and job enrichment, enhancing affective commitment, enhancing the meaning and purpose of teaching in Namibia, and ensuring that teachers remain in the teaching profession.
A new juniper from the Palaeogene of Central Europe

The earliest fossil record of Juniperus L. (Cupressaceae) is reported. Juniperus pauli Z. Kvacek, sp. nova is based on foliage shoots, pollen cones, seed cones and seeds, and belongs to the multiseed series of “entire”-leafed species of sect. Sabina. It occurs in association with the humid warm-temperate mixed-mesophytic forest vegetation in the volcanogenic diatomaceous shale at Roudniky and Větruse in the Palaeogene of the Ceske středohoři Mountains, north Bohemia. The former site is radiometrically dated near the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. The relationship to extant taxa is discussed together with a review of fossil junipers. Eine neue Juniperus-Art aus dem Palaogen Mitteleuropas Der alteste fossile Fund von Juniperus L. (Cupressaceae) wird gemeldet. Juniperus pauli Z. Kvacek, sp. nova ist auf beblatterten Zweigen, Pollenzapfen, Samenzapfen und Samen gegrundet und gehort zur mehrsamigen Serie der “ganzrandig”-blattrigen Arten der Sektion Sabina. Sie kommt in der Vergesellschaftung der feuchten, warm-gemasigten gemischt-mesophytischen Waldvegetation in vulkanogenen Diatomitschiefern bei Roudniky und Větruse im Palaogen des Bohmischen Mittelgebirges, Nordbohmen, vor. Die erstgenannte Lokalitat ist radiometrisch auf die Eozan/Oligozan-Grenze datiert. Die Verwandtschaft zu den rezenten Arten zusammen mit einer Ubersicht fossiler Wacholder wird diskutiert.