Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ITERATION METHODS FOR THE CALCULATION OF STEADY MAGNETIC FIELDS IN NONLINEAR FERROMAGNETIC MEDIA

New iteration methods for the calculation of steady magnetic fields in saturable media are presented. These methods converge for any choice of initial approximation, that is they possess global convergence. The convergence conditions and the estimates of convergence rate of these methods are expressed in terms of the physical properties of ferromagnetic media. Each of the proposed methods is deliberately adapted to specific but typical saturation conditions. All these methods together cover the broad area of diverse saturation conditions encountered in practice. The construction and justification of these iteration methods are based on the physical concept of secondary sources and on some mathematical ideas and results arising in the overlapping area of mathematical physics and functional analysis.
Porous Structural Properties of K or Na-Co Hexacyanoferrates as Efficient Materials for CO2 Capture

The stoichiometry of the components of hexacyanoferrate materials affecting their final porosity properties and applications in CO2 capture is an issue that is rarely studied. In this work, the effect that stoichiometry of all element components and oxidation states of transition metals has on the structures of mesoporous K or Na-cobalt hexacyanoferrates (CoHCFs) and CO2 removal is reported. A series of CoHCFs model systems are synthesized using the co-precipitation method with varying amounts of Co ions. CoHCFs are characterized by N2 adsorption, TGA, FTIR-ATR, XRD, and XPS. N2 adsorption results reveal a more developed external surface area (72.69–172.18 m2/g) generated in samples containing mixtures of K+/Fe2+/Fe3+ ions (system III) compared to samples with Na+/Fe2+ ions (systems I, II). TGA results show that the porous structure of CoHCFs is affected by Fe and Co ions oxidation states, the number of water molecules, and alkali ions. The formation of two crystalline cells (FCC and triclinic) is confirmed by XRD results. Fe and Co oxidation states are authenticated by XPS and allow for the confirmation of charges involved in the stabilization of CoCHFs. CO2 removal capacities (3.04 mmol/g) are comparable with other materials reported. CO2 adsorption kinetics is fast (3–6 s), making CoHCFs attractive for continuous operations. Qst (24.3 kJ/mol) reveals a physical adsorption process. Regeneration effectiveness for adsorption/desorption cycles indicates ~1.6% loss and selectivity (~47) for gas mixtures (CO2:N2 = 15:85). The results of this study demonstrate that the CoHCFs have practical implications in the potential use of CO2 capture and flue gas separations.
Embedding Ecopreneurial Behaviour: Proposed Social Marketing Interventions From Value-In-Behaviour Perceptions of Plastic Waste Ecopreneurs

Background Plastic waste is a growing social and environmental problem in developing economies due to poor waste management infrastructure and improper disposal behaviours. This study explores how ecopreneurship can be embedded as a long-term strategy for managing plastic waste in Zimbabwe. Focus of the Article This study focuses on Zimbabwe, a developing country that is grappling with plastic waste. Value-in-behaviour perceptions of plastic waste ecopreneurs were explored. Research Questions This study attempts to answer the following questions: (1) What are the specific set of values that motivate ecopreneurs to start ecopreneurial ventures in Zimbabwe? (2) What are the challenges confronting ecopreneurs in Zimbabwe? (3) What is the potential role of social marketing as a strategy intervention to embed ecopreneurial behaviour in Zimbabwe? Importance to the Social Marketing Field This study extends the value-in-behaviour theory to deepen the current understanding of the relationship between ecopreneurship and social marketing in the context of a developing economy. Methods A qualitative research method was employed. Twenty-one in-depth interviews were conducted with ecopreneurs in Zimbabwe involved in plastic waste collection, recycling and eco-innovations. Interview data was analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Economic value, social value and ecological value emerged as the major value perceptions that motivate ecopreneurs. Funding, limited availability of plastic waste management infrastructure, low market value affixed to eco-innovations, derogatory connotations associated with waste collection and lack of community based support in sorting plastic waste were identified as the major stumbling blocks. Recommendations for Research or Practice Social marketing interventions for embedding ecopreneurial behaviour in Zimbabwe are proposed. Ecopreneurship may be promoted by disseminating educational messages that emphasize on economic, social and ecological benefits. Challenges confronting ecopreneurs such as lack of funding and plastic waste management infrastructure need to be addressed. Limitations This study focused only on ecopreneurs in plastic waste management. Thus, the findings cannot be generalised to ecopreneurs involved in other forms of ecopreneurship. Secondly, the study was conducted in a developing economy where waste collection infrastructure is limited.
Occupational performance in multiple sclerosis and its relationship with quality of life and fatigue.

BACKGROUND Performance and perceived satisfaction of daily occupations in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) can affect the perception of their quality of life and be impacted by the level of fatigue. AIM To describe the performance and occupational self-perception, as well as to analyze whether there is a relationship between the perception of occupational performance and the quality of life and perceived fatigue. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING Participants were referred by the services of Neurology of the various hospitals in Madrid. The assessment process was performed either at the MS' associations, in the participants' home, or at the Laboratory of Cognitive Intervention of the Health Sciences Faculty of the University. POPULATION A total sample of 30 people with MS (pwMS) selected by non-probabilistic consecutive sampling during a three-months uptake patient recruitment period. METHOD The outcome measures used were the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life 54 (MSQoL-54). Descriptive analysis, parametric and non-parametric tests and multiple linear regression models were used. RESULTS A statistically significant positive correlation was found between occupational performance and physical and mental health. Also, high physical health scores were associated with high satisfaction scores. Multiple regression models indicated that high levels of satisfaction were associated with high levels of physical health (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The better the perception of the physical aspects that influence the quality of life, the better the perceived satisfaction of pwMS. Fatigue may not influence self-perceived satisfaction and performance. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT The physical factors affecting perceived satisfaction should be considered when planning interventions to promote quality of life in pwMS. Although fatigue associated with MS may influence perceived performance and satisfaction, no relevant associations were found between variables.
Prediction of Nonequilibrium Turbulent Flows with Explicit Algebraic Stress Models

An explicit algebraic stress equation, developed by Gatski and Speziale, is used in the framework of the K-UJ and K-e formulations to predict two-dimensional separated turbulent flows. The nonequilibrium effects are modeled through coefficients that depend nonlinearly on both rotational and irrotational strains. The proposed models were implemented in the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code. Comparisons with the experimental data are presented, which clearly demonstrate that explicit algebraic stress models improve the response of standard two-equation models to nonequilibrium effects. I. Introduction
Nonlinear wave interactions for ideal MHD plasmas

The theory for resonant three-wave interactions in anisotropic and inhomogeneous MHD plasmas is extended. Using a Hamiltonian formalism, we derive symmetric coupling coefficients, relevant for a class of MHD models with anisotropic pressures. For the case with an isotropic pressure term, we present general results valid for arbitrary static background states.
The complete chloroplast genome of Crataegus scabrifolia (Franch.) Rehd (Rosaceae), a medicinal and edible plant in Southwest China

Abstract Crataegus scabrifolia (Franch.) Rehd is a medicinal and edible plant in Southwest China. The chloroplast genome of C. scabrifolia was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology, and its genetic relationship to related species was discussed. The chloroplast genome is 159,637 bp long, with two inverted repeat (IR) regions (26,384 bp each) that separate a large single-copy (LSC) region (87,730 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (19,139 bp). A total of 127 genes were annotated, including 83 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 36 tRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree shows that C. hupehensis is closely related to C. scabrifolia with strong bootstrap support.
Tidal disruptions by supermassive black holes - Hydrodynamic evolution of stars on a Schwarzschild background

We present a three-dimensional numerical study of tidal disruption of a main-sequence star (M * =1 M ○. ) by a supermassive black hole (M h =106 M ○. ). The simulations include general relativistic erects which are important in this regime. We analyze stars in a marginally bound orbit around the black hole with pericentric separation of a few Schwarzschild radii. We show that during a close passage, as a result of relativistic effects analogous to the perihelion shift, the trajectories of the debris of the star fan out into a crescent-like shape centered on the black hole
Extreme Anisotropic Dispersion and One-Dimensional Confined Electrons in 2-D SiP₂ FETs With High Transmission Coefficients

2-D semiconductors are promising Si alternatives for channels in next-generation electronic devices. Considering the 2-D SiP2 with unique dispersion at the band edge and intrinsic P–P chains with 1-D confined electrons, we provide a comprehensive investigation on the electronic and ballistic transport properties of SiP2. Based on first-principle and ballistic quantum transport simulations, the 2-D SiP2 exhibits a strong anisotropy in both geometric structures and electronic properties, playing a critical role in the anisotropy of transmission path and device performance for SiP2 field-effect transistors (FETs). Considering the ultrahigh saturation current ( ${I}_{\text {sat}}$ ) of SiP2 FETs in along-chain direction, the transfer characteristic with different gate lengths (3–12 nm) is calculated to thoroughly evaluate the performance. As a result, 5–12 nm SiP2 n-FETs with underlap (UL) configuration can fulfill the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) and International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) goals, showing an ultrahigh ON-state current of $3420 ~{\mu } \text{A}/ {\mu } \text{m}$ with 10 nm gate length. In addition, the figures of merits, such as delay time and power dissipation, are comprehensively assessed, proving the fast-switching and low-energy consumption ability of SiP2 FETs. Hence, our study demonstrates the great potential of 2-D SiP2 for future competitive electronic devices.
Understanding the Clinical Significance of MUC5AC in Biliary Tract Cancers

Simple Summary Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are tumors arising from cells lining ducts in the liver that facilitate the transport of bile into the gastrointestinal tract. They are often divided into two broad groups, cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancers. They are aggressive tumors with limited treatment options that are often ineffective and have bad outcomes. In current clinical practice, there are no good tests to identify these cancers in early stages and predict their aggressiveness or response to the available treatments. We shed light on the role of a glycoprotein, MUC5AC, in BTC including its potential impact on biliary cancer development. We discuss the clinical evidence surrounding the use of MUC5AC when detected in BTC patients’ tumor tissue and blood and its potential use in managing these cancers. Abstract Biliary tract cancers (BTC) arise from biliary epithelium and include cholangiocarcinomas or CCA (including intrahepatic (ICC) and extrahepatic (ECC)) and gallbladder cancers (GBC). They often have poor outcomes owing to limited treatment options, advanced presentations, frequent recurrence, and poor response to available systemic therapy. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is rarely expressed in normal biliary epithelium, but can be upregulated in tissues of benign biliary disease, premalignant conditions (e.g., biliary intraepithelial neoplasia), and BTCs. This mucin’s numerous glycoforms can be divided into less-glycosylated immature and heavily-glycosylated mature forms. Reported MUC5AC tissue expression in BTC varies widely, with some associations based on cancer location (e.g., perihilar vs. peripheral ICC). Study methods were variable regarding cancer subtypes, expression positivity thresholds, and MUC5AC glycoforms. MUC5AC can be detected in serum of BTC patients at high concentrations. The hesitancy in developing MUC5AC into a clinically useful biomarker in BTC management is due to variable evidence on the diagnostic and prognostic value. Concrete conclusions on tissue MUC5AC are difficult, but serum detection might be relevant for diagnosis and is associated with poor prognosis. Future studies are needed to further the understanding of the potential clinical value of MUC5AC in BTC, especially regarding predictive and therapeutic value.
Status of the 6.5m MMT Telescope laser adaptive optics system

The Laser Adaptive Optics system of the 6.5 m MMT telescope has now been commissioned with Ground Layer Adaptive Optics operations as a tool for astronomical science. In this mode the wavefronts sampled by each of five laser beacons are averaged, leading to an estimate of the aberration in the ground layer. The ground layer is then compensated by the deformable secondary mirror at 400 Hz. Image quality of 0.2-0.3 arc sec is delivered in the near infrared bands from 1.2-2.5 μm over a field of view of 2 arc minutes. Tomographic wavefront sensing tests in May 2010 produced open loop data necessary to streamline the software to generate a Laser Tomography Adaptive Optics (LTAO) reconstructor. In addition, we present the work being done to achieve optimal control PID wavefront control and thus increase the disturbance rejection frequency response for the system. Finally, we briefly describe plans to mount the ARIES near infrared imager and echelle spectrograph, which will support the 2 arc min ground-layer corrected field and will exploit the diffraction limit anticipated with LTAO.
Evaluating lncRNA Expression Patterns during HIV-1 Treatment Interruption

Lately, the interest in long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential drug targets and predictive markers in the context of HIV-1 has peaked, but their in vivo expression and regulation remains largely unexplored. Therefore, the present study examined lncRNA expression patterns during a clinical antiretroviral treatment interruption (ATI) trial. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from ten patients at four timepoints: prior to ATI, 7–15 days after stop, at viral rebound and 3 months post antiretroviral therapy re-initiation. RNA was extracted and RT-qPCR on five known HIV-1-related lncRNAs (HEAL, MALAT1, NEAT1, GAS5 and NRON) was performed and correlated with HIV-1 and host marker expression. All lncRNAs correlated stronger with interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) than with HIV-1 reservoir and replication markers. However, one lncRNA, HEAL, showed significant upregulation at viral rebound during ATI compared to baseline and re-initiation of therapy (p = 0.0010 and p = 0.0094, respectively), following a similar viral-load-driven expression pattern to ISGs. In vitro knockdown of HEAL caused a significant reduction in HIV-1 infection levels, validating HEAL’s importance for HIV-1 replication. We conclude that the HIV-1-promoting lncRNA HEAL is upregulated at viral rebound during ATI, most likely induced by viral cues.
Design and validation of a brief scale for cognitive evaluation in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (BCog-S).

INTRODUCTION Nurses play a key role in cognitive rehabilitation programs for people diagnosed with schizophrenia. AIM To design and validate a brief battery to assess the cognitive status of people diagnosed with schizophrenia from the nursing perspective. METHOD Study developed to evaluate a diagnostic test. The Brief Cognitive Scale for schizophrenia (BCog-S) is a hybrid battery composed of previously validated brief tests, designed to meet the dimensions of cognition considered by the NOC. The psychometric properties of the instrument were measured using the Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry-Spanish version (SCIP-S) as the gold standard, and against the scores obtained by matched controls. RESULTS 100 people diagnosed with schizophrenia and 100 controls participated. The battery's internal consistency was 0.70. The Pearson correlation with the SCIP-S was 0.80 (sensitivity = 0.86, specificity = 0.80). The mean T-score of those diagnosed with schizophrenia was 2.2 standard deviations below that of the controls. There were significant differences in educational level, employment, and cohabitation. DISCUSSION The BCog-S showed acceptable psychometric properties. It can discriminate cognitive impairment, and could be useful for establishing normative reference values. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurses can use the BCog-S to measure cognition in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Just Singing and Dancing: Official Representations of Ethnic Minority Cultures in China

This paper uses a critical multicultural, constructivist approach to examine how the Chinese government represents minority cultures in its official discourse. Although at an abstract level the government acknowledges the contributions of minority cultures to society, our findings show a mismatched picture in terms of minority representation. Government documents and discourse recorded and obtained on the government website only highlight traditional and stereotypical cultural aspects related to minorities. These representations essentialise minority cultures, obscure their dynamism and their contributions, reinforce power hierarchies, and discourage critical reflexivity. In this context, we recommend addressing fundamental challenges undergirding this pattern in representation to develop more balanced and comprehensive understandings of minority cultures.
Quantifying the Nonlinear Interaction in the Nervous System Based on Phase-Locked Amplitude Relationship

Objective: This paper introduces the Cross-frequency Amplitude Transfer Function (CATF), a model-free method for quantifying nonlinear stimulus-response interaction based on phase-locked amplitude relationship. Method: The CATF estimates the amplitude transfer from input frequencies at stimulation signal to their harmonics/intermodulation at the response signal. We first verified the performance of CATF in simulation tests with systems containing a static nonlinear function and a linear dynamic, i.e., Hammerstein and Wiener systems. We then applied the CATF to investigate the second-order nonlinear amplitude transfer in the human proprioceptive system from the periphery to the cortex. Result: The simulation demonstrated that the CATF is a general method, which can well quantify nonlinear stimulus-response amplitude transfer for different orders of nonlinearity in Wiener or Hammerstein system configurations. Applied to the human proprioceptive system, we found a complicated nonlinear system behavior with substantial amplitude transfer from the periphery stimulation to cortical response signals in the alpha band. This complicated system behavior may be associated with the nonlinear behavior of the muscle spindle and the dynamic interaction in the thalamocortical radiation. Conclusion: This paper provides a new tool to identify nonlinear interaction in the nervous system. Significance: The results provide novel insight of nonlinear dynamics in the human proprioceptive system.
Precipitation in NdFeB-type magnet materials

The microstructure of sintered magnets and melt-spun samples made from Nb-containing (Nd,Dy)FeB material has been investigated using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Comparison of the sintered specimens with NdDyFeB and NdFeB magnets revealed the existence of two additional phases. One of these is an Fe 2 Nb Laves compound. The second additional phase takes the form of small Nb-containing coherent precipitates within the main Nd 2 Fe 14 B grains. In the sintered magnet these particles ranged in size from 20-50 nm. Melt-spun ribbon contained a dispersion of smaller inclusions, typically 5-10 nm in diameter. The presence of these precipitates may be related to the enhanced coercivity found in the magnet and melt-spun samples.
Block threshold rules for curve estimation using kernel and wavelet methods

Motivated by recently developed threshold rules for wavelet estimators, we suggest threshold methods for general kernel density estimators, including those of classical Rosenblatt–Parzen type. Thresholding makes kernel methods competitive in terms of their adaptivity to a wide variety of aberrations in complex signals. It is argued that term-by-term thresholding does not always produce optimal performance, since individual coefficients cannot be estimated sufficiently accurately for reliable decisions to be made. Therefore, we suggest grouping coefficients into blocks and making simultaneous threshold decisions about all coefficients within a given block. It is argued that block thresholding has a number of advantages, including that it produces adaptive estimators which achieve minimax-optimal convergence rates without the logarithmic penalty that is sometimes associated with term-by-term thresholding. More than this, the convergence rates are achieved over large classes of functions with discontinuities, indeed with a number of discontinuities that diverges polynomially fast with sample size. These results are also established for block thresholded wavelet estimators, which, although they can be interpreted within the kernel framework, are often most conveniently constructed in a slightly different way.
Pseudopotential calculations of strained-GeSn/SiGeSn hetero-structures

We have obtained empirical pseudopotential parameters for α-Sn and employed the pseudopotential method along with the virtual crystal approximation to model GeSn and SiGeSn alloys. The calculated direct and indirect band gaps of GeSn and SiGeSn show good agreement with experimental data at 300 K available till date. The derived pseudopotential parameter set was used to extract various band structure quantities required to model band-to-band tunneling in simulating GeSn/SiGeSn hetero-junction Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFET). All the required band structure quantities have been extracted as a function of biaxial strain, Si content, and Sn content and have been fitted to a quadratic expression. An attempt to simulate Si0.5Ge0. 5/Si hetero-junction TFETs based on the extracted band structure quantities yields ID − VG plots that are in good agreement with the experimental ones—an indication for the reliability of the extracted band structure quantities. Thus, the calculated pseudopotential and extracted .
The Boltzmann equation for anisotropic metals

It is pointed out that the Boltzmann equation in the theory of metals reduces to a finite set of linear algebraic equations whenever the scattering probability can be written as a finite sum of the form Σpi(k) qi(k´) . The explicit form of the solution, valid for arbitrary energy surfaces, is derived for this model.