Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing from 12hr to 8hr day shifts: A qualitative exploration of effects on organising nursing care and staffing

Aims and objectives: To investigate 1) How nursing care is organised on wards where nursing staff work different lengths of day shifts, and 2) How length of day shift affects the staffing of wards. Background: Twelve hour shifts have become increasingly common worldwide but there are concerns about impact on care quality and safety. Eight hour shifts, and how day shift length affects how nurses organise their work, and staffing, have been little studied.
The Historical Record of Atmospheric Pyrolytic Pollution over Europe Registered in the Sedimentary PAH from Remote Mountain Lakes

Historical records of the deposition fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in 10 remote high altitude lakes distributed throughout Europe have been studied. Cores from each site were dated radiometrically, and the results were used for the reconstruction of the pollutant changes between 1830 and present. In general, both PAH pyrolytic fluxes and concentrations (Σ = 23 compounds) increased from uniform background levels (5−30 μg m-2 yr-1, 20−100 ng g-1 dw, respectively) at the turn of the century to maximum values in 1960−1980. After these peak values a slight decrease to present day levels has been observed in some lakes, though they are still 3−20 times greater than the preindustrial period. Distinctive features in the downcore PAH profiles and concentrations between sites allowed for differentiation between five regions in Europe: peripheral areas (Norway and the Iberian Peninsula), Pyrenees and western Alps, central Alps, Tatra Mountains, and the Arctic. Atmospheric PAH inventories were est.
Domain structures in single crystal magnetite below the Verwey Transition as observed with a low‐temperature magnetic force microscope

The magnetic domain structures on the {110} plane of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) below the Verwey transition (T V =120K) were studied using a Low-Temperature Magnetic Force Microscope (LTMFM). At 298K, domain structures consisted of arrays of 180°, 109° and 71° walls, typical for magnetite with cubic anisotropy. At 77K (below T V ), the cubic style patterns disappeared and transformed into uniaxial patterns consistent with the uniaxial magnetocrystalline symmetry of the low-temperature monoclinic phase of magnetite. We also observed two distinct styles of domain patterns below T V : (1) wide domains separated by straight 180° walls along the in-plane [100] easy axis ; and (2) intricate wavy walls with reverse spike domains characteristic of out-of-plane easy axes. This intimate mixture of domain styles within adjacent areas of the crystal reflects variations in the direction of the magnetic easy axes in different regions produced by c-axis twinning of the crystal below T v . The thermal dependence of planar and wavy-wall patterns show little change from 77K until 110K, where patterns disappear. Upon cooling back to 77K, domain structures are different from the initial 77K states, indicating that renucleation of different domain states occurs by cycling near T V .
Speckle noise reduction in SAR images ship detection

At present, there are two types of method to detect ships in SAR images. One is a direct detection type, detecting ships directly. The other is an indirect detection type. That is, it firstly detects ship wakes, and then seeks ships around wakes. The two types all effect by speckle noise. In order to improve the accuracy of ship detection and get accurate ship and ship wakes parameters, such as ship length, ship width, ship area, the angle of ship wakes and ship outline from SAR images, it is extremely necessary to remove speckle noise in SAR images before data used in various SAR images ship detection. The use of speckle noise reduction filter depends on the specification for a particular application. Some common filters are widely used in speckle noise reduction, such as the mean filter, the median filter, the lee filter, the enhanced lee filter, the Kuan filter, the frost filter, the enhanced frost filter and gamma filter, but these filters represent some disadvantages in SAR image ship detection because of the various types of ship. Therefore, a mathematical function known as the wavelet transform and multi-resolution analysis were used to localize an SAR ocean image into different frequency components or useful subbands, and effectively reduce the speckle in the subbands according to the local statistics within the bands. Finally, the analysis of the statistical results are presented, which demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of using wavelet shrinkage techniques over standard speckle filters.
Process-based cross-shore modelling of barred beaches

Coastal profile models are commonly used for hind- and forecasting studies of nearshore bathymetry, often in response to human interference in the nearshore, for instance related to implementation of shoreface nourishments. They are developed to predict wave heights and currents in a line perpendicular to the coast. Based on these wave heights and currents, sediment transport rates are computed and from these the bed level changes are determined. At the present stage of research, the predictive capability of these models generally is rather low in quantitative sense. Actually, these models are still in their infancy. Much of the behaviour of waves, currents and sediment transport near the shore is still unknown. This thesis describes a state-of-the-art cross-shore profile model. The model computations are compared with measurements in a laboratory and in nature. From this comparison it appears that waves and currents in te nearshore can be described at least with the same accuracy using a single representative wave as when computing all waves independently. Modelling the undertow velocity under breaking waves remains difficult however. In particular because of the use of the relatively simple linear wave theory to compute part of the undertow. Dally and Brown (1995) have shown that the use of stream function wave theory leads to more accurate predictions of the undertow velocities. Another aspect is the insufficient landward shift of the maximum undertow velocity. The measured maximum undertow velocities are located more shoreward than those computed with the model. Model predictions might improve by making the amount of water that is transported shoreward in a breaking wave travel with the wave somewhat longer than is predicted in the present models. The model reasonably predicts sediment transport rates near the shore. However, the presence of ripples is of crucial importance. In this thesis, computed ripple dimensions from three ripple formulae are compared with the dimensions measured in the laboratory and in nature. The best predictors is adapted to improve agreement with the measurements. Nevertheless, uncertainties remain large. Much is still unknown on the generation of ripples under waves and currents. Predicting nearshore sandbar migration by a coastal profile model remains a challenge. The migration of a sandbar in the laboratory could rather well be predicted, provided that the undertow under breaking waves is accurately predicted and the effect of ripples on the sandbed is taken into account. Predicting nearshore sandbar migration in nature is difficult because of inaccurate predictions of the undertow under breaking waves and uncertainties on the dimensions of sand ripples.
Interaction studies of tipranavir/ritonavir (TPV/r) with clarithromycin, fluconazole and rifabutin in healthy volunteers

Corresponding author: Charles JL la Porte, PharmD, PhD The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus Div. Infectious Diseases, CIU, mailbox 223 501 Smyth Road Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6 Canada Tel : 001-613-737-8899 ext 71893 Fax : 001-613-8696 Email : claporte@ohri.ca AC EP TE D Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/AAC.00534-08 AAC Accepts, published online ahead of print on 17 November 2008
The cosmological information of shear peaks: beyond the abundance

We study the cosmological information of weak lensing (WL) peaks, focusing on two other statistics besides their abundance: the stacked tangential-shear profiles and the peak-peak correlation function. We use a large ensemble of simulated WL maps with survey specifications relevant to future missions like Euclid and lsst, to measure and examine the three peak probes. We find that the auto-correlation function of peaks with high signal-to-noise (S{N) ratio measured from fields of size 144 deg 2 has a maximum of „ 0.3 at an angular scale # „ 10 arcmin. For peaks with smaller S{N, the amplitude of the correlation function decreases, and its maximum occurs on smaller angular scales. The stacked tangential-shear profiles of the peaks also increase with their S{N. We compare the peak observables measured with and without shape noise and find that for S{N „ 3 only „ 5% of the peaks are due to large-scale structures, the rest being generated by shape noise. The correlation function of these small peaks is therefore very weak compared to that of small peaks measured from noise-free maps, and also their mean tangential-shear profile is a factor of a few smaller than the noise-free one. The covariance matrix of the probes is examined: the correlation function is only weakly covariant on scales # ă 30 arcmin, and slightly more on larger scales; the shear profiles are very correlated for # ą 2 arcmin, with a correlation coefficient as high as 0.7. The cross-covarianceof the three probes is relatively weak: the peak abundance and profiles have the largest correlation coefficient „ 0.3. Using the Fisher-matrix formalism, we compute the cosmological constraints for tm, �8, w, nsu considering each probe separately, as well as in combination. We find that the peakpeak correlation and shear profiles yield marginalized errors which are larger by a factor of 2´4 for tm, �8u than the errors yielded by the peak abundance alone, while the errors for tw, nsu are similar. By combining the three probes, the marginalized constraints are tightened by a factor of „ 2 compared to the peak abundance alone, the least contributor to the error reduction being the correlation function. This work therefore recommends that future WL surveys use shear peaks beyond their abundance in order to constrain the cosmological model.
Polymerase &dgr;-Interacting Protein 2 Promotes Postischemic Neovascularization of the Mouse Hindlimb

Objective—Collateral vessel formation can functionally compensate for obstructive vascular lesions in patients with atherosclerosis. Neovascularization processes are triggered by fluid shear stress, hypoxia, growth factors, chemokines, proteases, and inflammation, as well as reactive oxygen species, in response to ischemia. Polymerase &dgr;-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) is a multifunctional protein that regulates focal adhesion turnover and vascular smooth muscle cell migration and modifies extracellular matrix composition. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that loss of Poldip2 impairs collateral formation. Approach and Results—The mouse hindlimb ischemia model has been used to understand mechanisms involved in postnatal blood vessel formation. Poldip2+/− mice were subjected to femoral artery excision, and functional and morphological analysis of blood vessel formation was performed after injury. Heterozygous deletion of Poldip2 decreased the blood flow recovery and spontaneous running activity at 21 days after injury. H2O2 production, as well as the activity of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9, was reduced in these animals compared with Poldip2+/+ mice. Infiltration of macrophages in the peri-injury muscle was also decreased; however, macrophage phenotype was similar between genotypes. In addition, the formation of capillaries and arterioles was impaired, as was angiogenesis, in agreement with a decrease in proliferation observed in endothelial cells treated with small interfering RNA against Poldip2. Finally, regression of newly formed vessels and apoptosis was more pronounced in Poldip2+/− mice. Conclusions—Together, these results suggest that Poldip2 promotes ischemia-induced collateral vessel formation via multiple mechanisms that likely involve reactive oxygen species–dependent activation of matrix metalloproteinase activity, as well as enhanced vascular cell growth and survival.
Protective role of endogenous PACAP in inflammation-induced retinal degeneration in inflammation

Purpose. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuroprotective peptide that has been shown to exert protective effects in different models of neurodegenerative diseases, including retinal degenerations. Data obtained from PACAP-deficient (PACAP KO) mice provide evidence that endogenous PACAP has neuroprotective role in different pathologies. PACAP KO mice show enhanced sensitivity to different insults, such as oxidative stress, hypoxia and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of endogenous PACAP in retinal inflammation. Methods. inflammation was injection of and wild After were We
The impact of filtering self‐organizing maps: a case study with Australian pressure and rainfall

This study presents a semi‐objective set of criteria for filtering the time series of a self‐organizing map (SOM, a method for collapsing a complex data set onto a series of typical instances/nodes). The purpose of the filter (or selection process) is to avoid the problem of associating anomalous time steps with SOM nodes that do not adequately describe that time step. The filter is based on measures of the match of the original field to the nearest SOM node. We demonstrate the method by using 21 years of MSLP reanalysis data for the Australian region from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting product, ERA‐Interim. We show that there are instances in which the SOM is incapable of describing the original data and that these instances can be removed using a set of criteria. We then show that this filtering/removal process improves both the quantitative and qualitative matching of the SOM to the MSLP data. Finally, we show that SOM‐associated precipitation at three Australian cities (Melbourne, Sydney and Perth) is significantly influenced by the MSLP distributions that do not relate to the SOM and were removed by the filtering. The results show that care is required when interpreting trends inferred from data sorted into SOM nodes.
Explaining the Interest-Rate-Growth Differential Underlying Government Debt Dynamics

The differential between the interest rate paid to service government debt and the growth rate of the economy is a key concept in assessing fiscal sustainability. Among OECD economies, this differential was unusually low for much of the last decade compared with the 1980s and the first half of the 1990s. This paper investigates the reasons behind this profile using panel estimation on 23 OECD economies. The results suggest that the fall is partly explained by lower inflation volatility associated with the adoption of monetary policy regimes which credibly target low inflation, which might be expected to continue. However, the low differential is also partly explained by factors which are likely to be reversed in the future, including very low policy rates, the “global savings glut” and the effect which the European Monetary Union had in reducing long-term interest differentials in the pre-crisis period. The differential is also likely to rise in the future because the number of countries which have debt-to-GDP ratios above a threshold at which there appears to be an effect on sovereign risk premia has risen sharply. Moreover, debt is projected to increasingly rise above this threshold in most of these countries. Expliquer le differentiel entre taux d'interet et croissance qui sous-tend la dynamique de la dette publique Le differentiel entre le taux d’interet paye sur la dette publique et le taux de croissance de l’economie est un concept cle pour evaluer la viabilite budgetaire. Parmi les economies de l’OCDE, ce differentiel a ete exceptionnellement bas pendant une grande partie de la decennie passee en comparaison des annees 80 et de la premiere moitie des annees 90. Le present document cherche a expliquer ce profil a l’aide d’une estimation en panel realisee sur 23 pays de l’OCDE. Les resultats semblent indiquer que la diminution de l’ecart s’explique en partie par une plus faible volatilite de l’inflation associee a l’adoption de regimes de politique monetaire visant de facon credible un taux d’inflation peu eleve, un facteur qui parait devoir persister. Cependant, cet ecart peu marque est aussi imputable, pour partie, a des facteurs qui vont sans doute s’inverser dans l’avenir, notamment des taux directeurs tres bas, l’ « excedent mondial d’epargne » et l’impact de la reduction des differentiels de taux d’interet a long terme operee au sein de l’Union monetaire europeenne au cours de la periode qui a precede la crise. L’ecart pourrait aussi se creuser dans l’avenir du fait de la forte augmentation du nombre de pays dont le ratio dette-PIB depasse un seuil qui, apparemment, declenche un effet sur la prime de risque souverain. De plus, la dette va sans doute depasser de plus en plus largement ce seuil dans la plupart de ces pays.
Incidental germline variants in 1000 advanced cancers on a prospective somatic genomic profiling protocol.

BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing in cancer research may reveal germline variants of clinical significance. We report patient preferences for return of results and the prevalence of incidental pathogenic germline variants (PGVs). PATIENTS AND METHODS Targeted exome sequencing of 202 genes was carried out in 1000 advanced cancers using tumor and normal DNA in a research laboratory. Pathogenic variants in 18 genes, recommended for return by The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, as well as PALB2, were considered actionable. Patient preferences of return of incidental germline results were collected. Return of results was initiated with genetic counseling and repeat CLIA testing. RESULTS Of the 1000 patients who underwent sequencing, 43 had likely PGVs: APC (1), BRCA1 (11), BRCA2 (10), TP53 (10), MSH2 (1), MSH6 (4), PALB2 (2), PTEN (2), TSC2 (1), and RB1 (1). Twenty (47%) of 43 variants were previously known based on clinical genetic testing. Of the 1167 patients who consented for a germline testing protocol, 1157 (99%) desired to be informed of incidental results. Twenty-three previously unrecognized mutations identified in the research environment were confirmed with an orthogonal CLIA platform. All patients approached decided to proceed with formal genetic counseling; in all cases where formal genetic testing was carried out, the germline variant of concern validated with clinical genetic testing. CONCLUSIONS In this series, 2.3% patients had previously unrecognized pathogenic germline mutations in 19 cancer-related genes. Thus, genomic sequencing must be accompanied by a plan for return of germline results, in partnership with genetic counseling.
Title: Protection against the lethal side effects of social immunity in ants

Main text Many animals use antimicrobials to prevent or cure disease [1,2]. For example, certain plants are ingested to self-medicate when sick [2] and antimicrobial substances are used by animals as topical disinfectants, to prevent infection, protect offspring and to sanitise their surroundings [1,2]. Social insects (ants, bees, wasps and termites) have evolved collective disease defences to protect their colonies from epidemics that are functionally analogous to the immune system of individual organisms [3,4]. This “social immunity” utilises antimicrobials to prevent and eradicate infections, and to keep their brood and nest clean. However, these antimicrobial compounds can be harmful to the insects themselves, and it is unknown how colonies prevent collateral damage when using them. Here, we demonstrate that antimicrobial acids, produced by workers to disinfect the colony, are harmful to the delicate pupal brood stage, but that the pupae are protected from the acids by the presence of a silk cocoon.
Development of rift basins illustrated by the structural evolution of the Oseberg feature, Block 30/6, offshore Norway

The Mesozoic tilted fault block in Norwegian North Sea block 30/6 containing the giant Oseberg oil and gas field is used to illustrate basin development during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. There is seismic evidence for an early rifting phase in the northern Viking Graben, on which the Jurassic/ Cretaceous rifting phase (early Bathonian to Berriasian) is overprinted. The Oseberg structure is representative of other fault blocks bordering the northern Viking Graben axis. Planar normal faults, and listric faults which were restricted to the rifting phase, dominate. Both fault types exhibit syn-fault sedimentation. Listric faulting is recognized on seismic sections by the differential tilting, reverse drag, antithetic faulting, and a wedge-shaped syn-rift reflector package. The initiation of rifting is dated by baselap onto pre-rift reflectors, and cessation is dated by an unconformity beneath the generally onlapping post-rift sediments. Steeply-dipping planar normal faults, often active along previously established fault zones, played a significant part in the post-rift development of the basin. The last movement on planar normal faults in the Oseberg fault scarp becomes younger away from the rift axis, and this produced the complex fault scarp visible on many seismic lines. The topography, defined by the post-rift unconformity, is a composite surface which formed in response to subsidence processes; it is not the result of orogenic events such as the Kimmerian 'orogeny'. Footwall uplift associated with planar normal faults caused local unconformities in complex fault scarps and on fault block crests.
Antitumor effects of deguelin on H460 human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: Roles of apoptotic cell death and H460 tumor xenografts model

Deguelin, a naturally occurring rotenoid of the flavonoid family, is known to be an Akt inhibitor, to have chemopreventive activities and anti‐tumor effect on several cancers. In this study, investigation to elucidate the effect of deguelin on apoptotic pathways in human lung cancer cells and on the anti‐tumor effect in lung cancer xenograft nu/nu mice was performed. In vitro studies, found that deguelin induced cell morphological changes, and decreased the percentage of viability through the induction of apoptosis in H460 lung cancer cells. Deguelin triggered apoptosis in H460 cells was also confirmed by DAPI staining, DNA gel electrophoresis, and Annexin V‐FITC staining and these effects are dose‐dependent manners. It was also found that deguelin promoted the Ca2+ production and activation of caspase‐3 but decreased the level of ΔΨm in H460 cells. Western blots indicated that the protein levels of cytochrome c, AIF, and pro‐apoptotic Bax and Bak protein were increased, but the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐x were decreased that may have led to apoptosis in H460 cells after exposure to deguelin. It was also confirmed by confocal laser microscope examination that deguelin promoted the release of AIF from mitochondria to cytosol. In vivo studies, found that in immunodeficient nu/nu mice bearing H460 tumor xenografts showed that the deguelin significantly suppressed tumor growth. Deguelin might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of lung cancer in the future. This finding might fully support a critical event for deguelin via induction of apoptotic cell death and H460 tumor xenografts model against human lung cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 84–98, 2017.