Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AAS 13-804 BROAD-SEARCH ALGORITHMS FOR THE SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY DESIGN OF CALLISTO-GANYMEDE-IO TRIPLE FLYBY SEQUENCES FROM 2024-2040, PART II: LAMBERT PATHFINDING AND TRAJECTORY SOLUTIONS

Triple-satellite-aided capture employs gravity-assist flybys of three of the Galilean moons of Jupiter in order to decrease the amount of ∆V required to capture a spacecraft into Jupiter orbit. Similarly, triple flybys can be used within a Jupiter satellite tour to rapidly modify the orbital parameters of a Jovicentric orbit, or to increase the number of science flybys. In order to provide a nearly comprehensive search of the solution space of Callisto-Ganymede-Io triple flybys from 2024 to 2040, a third-order, Chebyshev’s method variant of the p-iteration solution to Lambert’s problem is paired with a second-order, Newton-Raphson method, time of flight iteration solution to the V∞-matching problem. The iterative solutions of these problems provide the orbital parameters of the Callisto-Ganymede transfer, the Ganymede flyby, and the Ganymede-Io transfer, but the characteristics of the Callisto and Io flybys are unconstrained, so they are permitted to vary in order to produce an even larger number of trajectory solutions. The vast amount of solution data is searched to find the best triple-satellite-aided capture window between 2024 and 2040.
Tidal effects on cross-shore sediment transport on a shingle beach

This paper presents a model study of the sediment transport processes of a shingle beach under the combined action of waves and tides. Parallel experiments were carried out with a constant water depth corresponding to the high water level of the tidal experiments, thus allowing a direct comparison between the two cases. It was found that the presence of the tide affected the beach behaviour differently depending on the wave climate. Under storm conditions, a rolling bar was clearly seen moving below the Mean Water Level (MWL) with both the flood and ebb tides. Under swell conditions on the flood, sediment was eroded once a critical depth had been reached but was moved onshore in the uprush to form the berm. The presence of the tide was shown to increase the size of the berm in a summer profile, and push the offshore bar further seaward in the winter profiles. The overall beach slope did not change when subjected to the wave attack without the tide but altered significantly under the combined action of the wave and the tide. ADDITIONALINDEXWORDS: sediment transport, tidal effects, beach modelling, beach profiles Journal of Coastal Research SI 36 708-715 (ICS 2002 Proceedings) Northern Ireland ISSN 0749-0208 Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Journal-of-Coastal-Research on 06 Dec 2019 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use
Changes in Public Risk Perception after a Large Disaster: Evidence from the Housing Market

The unprecedented damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and nuclear disaster greatly altered people’s awareness of risk not only in directly affected areas but also in unaffected areas as well. This study focuses on the relationship between earthquake risk and real estate prices in unaffected areas before and after the earthquake in order to explore how large-scale natural disasters influence people’s perception toward disaster risk. We use large-scale property transaction data covering periods both before and after the earthquake, together with the earthquake risk indexes by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, to estimate a hedonic model. Our empirical findings are summarized as follows. First, we found that after the 2011 earthquake house prices are dropped more in relatively risky areas than in safer areas. In comparison, we could not find any evidence that housing rents are decreased more in risky areas as compared to safer areas. These results suggest that changes in risk perception are found for prospective homebuyers, rather than for tenants. Second, post-quake price drops are particularly eminent for properties built under the new earthquake resistance standards, those located on upper floors, and those with three- or more bedrooms. Third, we found that significant post-quake price discounts can be observed for three to five years following the earthquake, after which price levels return to their pre-quake baseline.
INVESTIGATING TRIBOCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF NITRIDED DIE CASTING DIE SURFACES

A major reason for process down time and loss of casting quali ty in aluminum die-casting is failure of the dies due to inadequate filling, soldering and ejection problems. The primary cause for the soldered metal is th e tribochemical interaction between the liquid aluminum alloy and the die st e l surface which results in intermetallic formation and adhesion. This pape r investigates the use of die surface nitriding in reducing this interaction. C ylindrical coupons with various ion-nitriding case depths are dipped in hot liq uid aluminum, kept for predetermined time, cleaned and characterized for surf ace and substrate changes. It is found that that nitriding not only reduces the int rmetallic formation at the surface but also its wettability that reduces t h adhesive force between of the soldered material and the treated surface. Th is probably is due to the greater energy of the nitrided surface and due to th e formation of ferrous nitrocarbides that have lower reactivity with the m olten aluminum alloy.
The Role of Previous Fires in the Management and Expenditures of Subsequent Large Wildfires

Previously burned areas can influence the occurrence, extent, and severity of subsequent wildfires, which may influence expenditures on large fires. We develop a conceptual model of how interactions of fires with previously burned areas may influence fire management, fire behavior, expenditures, and test hypotheses using regression models of wildfire size and suppression expenditures. Using a sample of 722 large fires from the western United States, we observe whether a fire interacted with a previous fire, the percent area of fires burned by previous fires, and the percent perimeter overlap with previous fires. Fires that interact with previous fires are likely to be larger and have lower total expenditures on average. Conditional on a fire encountering a previous fire, a greater extent of interaction with previous fires is associated with reduced fire size but higher expenditures, although the expenditure effect is small and imprecisely estimated. Subsequent analysis suggests that fires that interact with previous fires may be systematically different from other fires along several dimensions. We do not find evidence that interactions with previous fires reduce suppression expenditures for subsequent fires. Results suggest that previous fires may allow suppression opportunities that otherwise might not exist, possibly reducing fire size but increasing total expenditures.
How the public, and scientists, perceive advancement of knowledge from conflicting study results

Science often advances through disagreement among scientists and the studies they produce. For members of the public, however, conflicting results from scientific studies may trigger a sense of uncertainty that in turn leads to a feeling that nothing new has been learned from those studies. In several scenario studies, participants read about pairs of highly similar scientific studies with results that either agreed or disagreed, and were asked, “When we take the results of these two studies together, do we now know more, less, or the same as we did before about (the study topic)? ” We find that over half of participants do not feel that “we know more” as the result of the two new studies when the second study fails to replicate the first. When the two study results strongly conflict (e.g., one finds a positive and the other a negative association between two variables), a non-trivial proportion of participants actually say that “we know less” than we did before. Such a sentiment arguably violates normative principles of statistical and scientific inference positing that new study findings can never reduce our level of knowledge (and that only completely uninformative studies can leave our level of knowledge unchanged). Drawing attention to possible moderating variables, or to sample size considerations, did not influence people’s perceptions of knowledge advancement. Scientist members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, when presented with the same scenarios, were less inclined to say that nothing new is learned from conflicting study results.
Influence of Peak Factors on Random Vibration Theory Based Site Response Analysis

Site response analysis based on the random vibration theory (RVT) approach often is used to estimate site amplification in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for nuclear facilities. However, studies have shown that RVT analysis provides a systematic over-prediction of site amplification at the natural site frequencies when compared with the results obtained from a suite of input time series. A critical part of the RVT approach is the peak factor, which represents the ratio of the peak to rms value of a signal. This study investigates the influence of different peak factor models on the site amplification predicted by RVT analysis. Comparisons show that the use of the Vanmarcke (1975) peak factor model, rather than the commonly used Cartwright and LonguetHiggins (1956) peak factor model, provides RVT estimates of site amplification similar to those from time series analysis. However, this agreement only occurs when the first mode site frequency is larger than the corner frequency of the input motion. For other cases, further refinements to the Vanmarcke (1975) peak factor model are necessary.
Quantifying DOC and Its Controlling Factors in Major Arctic Rivers during Ice-Free Conditions using Sentinel-2 Data

The six largest Arctic rivers (Yenisey, Lena, Ob’, Kolyma, Yukon, and Mackenzie) drain the organic-rich Arctic watersheds and serve as important pools in the global carbon cycle. Satellite remote sensing data are considered to be a necessary supplement to the ground-based monitoring of riverine organic matter circulation, especially for the ice-free periods in high-latitudes. In this study, we propose a remote sensing retrieval algorithm to obtain the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) levels of the six largest Arctic rivers using Sentinel-2 images from 2016 to 2018. These CDOM results are converted to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations using the strong relationship (R2 = 0.89) between the field measurements of these two water constituents. The temporal-spatial distributions of the DOC in the six largest Arctic rivers during ice-free conditions are depicted. The performance of the retrieval algorithm verifies the capacity of using Sentinel-2 data to monitor riverine DOC variations due to its improved spatial resolution, better band placement, and increased observation frequency. River discharge, watershed slopes, human activities, and land use/land cover change drove much of the variation in the satellite-derived DOC. The seasonality, geography, and scale would affect the correlation between DOC concentration and these influence factors. Our results could improve the ability to monitor DOC fluxes in Arctic rivers and advance our understanding of the Earth’s carbon cycle.
Bolalipid-Doped Liposomes: Can Bolalipids Increase the Integrity of Liposomes Exposed to Gastrointestinal Fluids?

The use of archaeal lipids and their artificial analogues, also known as bolalipids, represents a promising approach for the stabilization of classical lipid vesicles for oral application. In a previous study, we investigated the mixing behavior of three single-chain alkyl-branched bolalipids PC-C32(1,32Cn)-PC (n = 3, 6, 9) with either saturated or unsaturated phosphatidyl-cholines. We proved, that the bolalipids PC-C32(1,32C6)-PC and PC-C32(1,32C9)-PC show miscibility with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC). In the present work, we extended our vesicle system to natural lipid mixtures using phosphatidylcholine from soy beans, and we investigated the effect of incorporated bolalipids on the integrity of these mixed liposomes (bolasomes) in different gastrointestinal fluids using a dithionite assay and a calcein release assay in combination with particle size measurements. Finally, we also studied the retention of calcein within the bolasomes during freeze-drying. As a main result, we could show that in particular PC-C32(1,32C6)-PC is able to increase the stability of bolasomes in simulated gastric fluid—a prerequisite for the further use of liposomes as oral drug delivery vehicles.
Body composition and diet in DMD BODY COMPOSITION AND BODY MASS INDEX IN DUCHENNE DYSTROPHY: ROLE OF DIETARY INTAKE

Introduction: In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) muscle is replaced by adipose tissue. The role of dietary intake (DI) in DMD has not been evaluated. We examined body composition , BMI and adequacy of DI in patients with DMD and evaluated the influence of DI on body composition. Methods: Patients (n=101; age 3 to 18 years; BMI 11.8 to 29.5 kg/m) completed a dietary recall to determine DI and underwent dual-energy xray absorptiometry to determine body
Bioactivity Evaluation of a Novel Formulated Curcumin

Curcumin has been used as a traditional medicine and/or functional food in several cultures because of its health benefits including anticancer properties. However, poor oral bioavailability of curcumin has limited its oral usage as a food supplement and medical food. Here we formulated curcumin pellets using a solid dispersion technique. The pellets had the advantages of reduced particle size, improved water solubility, and particle porosity. This pellet form led to an improvement in curcumin’s oral bioavailability. Additionally, we used the C-Map and Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) Unified Environment (CLUE) gene expression database to determine the potential biological functions of formulated curcumin. The results indicated that, similar to conventional curcumin, the formulated curcumin acted as an NF-κB pathway inhibitor. Moreover, ConsensusPathDB database analysis was used to predict possible targets and it revealed that both forms of curcumin exhibit similar biological functions, including apoptosis. Biochemical characterization revealed that both the forms indeed induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. We concluded that the formulated curcumin increases the oral bioavailability in animals, and, as expected, retains characteristics similar to conventional curcumin at the cellular level. Our screening platform using big data not only confirms that both the forms of curcumin have similar mechanisms but also predicts the novel mechanism of the formulated curcumin.
Systematically transplanted human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation in hyperlipidemic mice with periodontitis

Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have been the focus of extensive research due to their numerous distinct properties, including their homing to injury sites and their contribution to tissue regeneration. However, the role of transplanted GMSCs in the regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation in hyperlipidemic mice with periodontitis has not been demonstrated. In the present study, apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice were used to establish a hyperlipidemia model with periodontitis and divided into two groups: Group B and Group C (n=20 per group), and wild-type C57BL/6J mice without any treatment were assigned to Group A (n=20). Animals in Group C were then injected with human GMSCs through the tail vein and animals in Group B were injected with α-MEM as control. Animals were sacrificed at indicated time points. Serum was collected to determine the lipids and inflammatory cytokines. Liver samples were collected to estimate lipid-associated gene expression. Morphometric and histological analyses were performed to maxillaries. The results demonstrated that the delivery of GMSCs led to a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, alveolar bone loss (ABL), and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA, and a significant increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), IL-10 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) mRNA in Group C compared to Group B. Histological examination showed increased formation of new bone and higher alveolar bone height in Group C. Systematically transplanted GFP-positive cells were detected through both fluorescence microscope observation and immunohistochemical staining in the periodontal tissues. Overall, systematically transplanted GMSCs attenuated the hyperlipidemia and inflammatory responses in hyperlipidemic mice with periodontitis, and improved periodontal tissue regeneration.
Extramammary Myofibroblastoma in the Axilla of a Male Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review

Mammary type myofibroblastoma in an extramammary location is an extremely rare benign lesion. The site involved is usually along the embryonic milk line with the inguinal/groin region as a common location. Here we report a case of such lesion in an old man who presented with a painless mass in the right axilla. Histologically the lesion was comprised of loosely distributed bland spindle cells in a pseudoangiomatous background. No cellular atypia or mitosis was identified. Immunohistochemistry showed the spindle cells were immunoreactive to CD34, ER, and Bcl-2, but negative for desmin, cytokeratin, S-100, CD99, PR, CD21, and CD23. Ki-67 proliferative index for the spindle cells are very low. A diagnosis of extramammary myofibroblastoma was rendered after multiple extramural expert consultations. The uniqueness of this case includes: 1) pseudo-angiomatous and loose stroma background with on obvious interspersed collagen bundles; 2) negative for desmin, which is usually positive for this type of tumor; and 3) positive for Bcl-2, which has never been reported. Comparison of this entity with spindle cell lipoma at genetic level and a literature review were also conducted.
3DGPR for the Non-Destructive Monitoring of Subsurface Weathering of Sandstone Masonry

Remote sensing techniques, such as LiDAR and photogrammetry, are used by researchers exploring the spatial distribution of weathering features in historic masonry. These well-established tools provide users with a perspective of the processes affecting the surface of masonry blocks; however, they cannot provide information on the alteration occurring subsurface. Geophysical tools are being explored as a potential approach to observe the variation in material properties beneath masonry block surfaces and to examine the patterns of deterioration across wall sections. Applying such techniques inform the development of conceptual models of weathering at the block to building wall scale. In this study, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was selected to inspect the subsurface condition of the wall section of an historic church wall, where areas of granular disintegration and flaking can be observed. 3DGPR was selected for this task, as its use of regular grids during data collection make it better suited for detecting features within an area. Three high-frequency antennas, 1.2 Ghz, 1.6 Ghz and 2.3 Ghz, were run across the study area in a series of 80 cm by 80 cm grids. The data were collated within GIS, where observed features were annotated onto a schematic of the wall surface. The 3DGPR outputs identified anomalies within this structure that could not have been as easily interpreted using a 2DGPR transect. However, as 3DGPR relies upon interpolative techniques to estimate the returns between observation transects, the validity of features detected in these locations need to be tested. The results of this application of 3DGPR identified variable weathering response across the wall section, relative to elevation. These observations were used to develop a conceptual model linking these findings to seasonal variation in the capillary rise of groundwater, upward from the base of the church wall. Through these findings it is possible to see how GPR can assist in developing our understanding of the processes threatening heritage buildings.
Household Debt and the Heterogeneous Effects of Forward Guidance

We develop an incomplete-markets heterogeneous agent New-Keynesian (HANK) model in which households are allowed to lend and borrow, subject to a borrowing constraint. We show that, in this framework, forward guidance, that is the promise by the central bank to lower future interest rates, can be a powerful policy tool, especially when the economy is in a liquidity trap. In our model, the power of forward guidance is amplified by three redistributive channels, absent in a representative agent new- Keynesian model (RANK) or in a HANK model without private debt. First, expected lower rates imply a future transfer of wealth from savers to borrowers, reducing precautionary motives and stimulating current demand and inflation. Second, higher initial inflation lowers the path of the real rate increasing the wealth of borrowers, who have a higher marginal propensity to consume (MPC). Third, if debt is nominal, debt deflation generates also a wealth transfer towards high-MPC borrowing-constrained agents, further increasing aggregate consumption and inflation. These channels amplify each other in a liquidity trap, and can make forward guidance more powerful in a HANK model than in a RANK framework. These results contrast with previous research on HANK models, which focused on frameworks where agents were not allowed to borrow, and which found negligible effects of forward guidance.
Using Water Stable Isotopes for Identifying Groundwater Recharge Sources of the Unconfined Alluvial Zagreb Aquifer (Croatia)

The main purpose of this study was to understand the interactions between precipitation, surface water, and groundwater in the Zagreb aquifer system using water stable isotopes. The Zagreb aquifer is of the unconfined type and strongly hydraulically connected to the Sava River. As the groundwater is the main source of drinking water for one million inhabitants, it is essential to investigate each detail of the recharge processes of the aquifer to ensure adequate protection of the groundwater. Measuring the content of water stable isotopes in surface waters and groundwater enabled the creation of two- and three-component mixing models based on the isotopic mass balance for the purpose of the quantification of each recharge component. The mixing models gave ambiguous results. Observation wells equally distant from the Sava River did not have the same recharge component ratio. This indicated that there were more factors (in addition to the distance from the river) that were affecting groundwater recharge, and the properties of the unsaturated zone and surface cover data were therefore also taken into consideration. The thickness of the unsaturated zone and the characteristics of different soil types were identified as important factors in the recharge of the Zagreb aquifer. The areas with high thickness of the unsaturated zone and well-permeable soil had a very similar recharge component ratio to the areas with small thickness of the unsaturated zone but low-permeable soil.