Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inducing Authentication Failures to Bypass Credit Card PINs

For credit card transactions using the EMV standard, the integrity of transaction information is protected cryptographically by the credit card. Integrity checks by the payment terminal use RSA signatures and are part of EMV’s ofﬂine data authentication mechanism. Online integrity checks by the card issuer use a keyed MAC. One would expect that failures in either mechanism would always result in transaction failure, but this is not the case as ofﬂine authentication failures do not always result in declined transactions. Consequently, the integrity of transaction data that is not protected by the keyed MAC (online) cannot be guaranteed. We show how this missing integrity protection can be exploited to bypass PIN veriﬁcation for high-value Mastercard transactions. As a proof-of-concept, we have built an Android app that modiﬁes unprotected card-sourced data, including the data relevant for cardholder veriﬁcation. Using our app, we have tricked real-world terminals into downgrading from PIN veriﬁcation to either no cardholder veriﬁcation or (paper) signature veriﬁcation, for transactions of up to 500 Swiss Francs. Our ﬁndings have been disclosed to the vendor with the recommendation to decline any transaction where ofﬂine data authentication fails.
CodexLeaks: Privacy Leaks from Code Generation Language Models in GitHub Copilot

Code generation language models are trained on billions of lines of source code to provide code generation and auto-completion features, like those offered by code assistant GitHub Copilot with more than a million users. These datasets may contain sensitive personal information—personally identifiable, private, or secret—that these models may regurgitate. This paper introduces and evaluates a semi-automated pipeline for extracting sensitive personal information from the Codex model used in GitHub Copilot. We employ carefully-designed templates to construct prompts that are more likely to result in privacy leaks. To overcome the non-public training data, we propose a semi-automated filtering method using a blind membership inference attack. We validate the effectiveness of our membership inference approach on different code generation models. We utilize hit rate through the GitHub Search API as a distinguishing heuristic followed by human-in-the-loop evaluation, uncovering that approximately 8% (43) of the prompts yield privacy leaks. Notably, we observe that the model tends to produce indirect leaks, compromising privacy as contextual integrity by generating information from individuals closely related to the queried subject in the training corpus.
Effect of cluster set configurations on power clean technique

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of cluster set configurations on power clean technique. Ten male, recreational weightlifters performed three sets of six repetitions at 80% of one repetition max with 0 (P0), 20 (P20) or 40 seconds (P40) inter-repetition rest. During the first and second set of P0, the catch and first pull were in a more forward position during repetition 6 as compared to repetition 1, respectively. During the second set of P40, differences in horizontal displacement were found between repetitions 1 and 6 for the second pull and the loop. During the third set of P40, differences in horizontal displacement were found between repetitions 1 and 6 for the first pull, transition, and beginning of the second pull. No differences in horizontal displacement were found between repetitions 1 and 6 during P20. During each set of P0, vertical displacement decreased between repetitions 1 and 6 (1.02 ± 0.07 m vs. 0.94 ± 0.06 m; Mean ± s). Cluster set configurations led to the maintenance of vertical displacement throughout all sets. The results demonstrate cluster set configurations with greater than 20 seconds inter-repetition rest maintain weightlifting technique to a greater extent than a traditional set configuration.
As‐Killing‐As‐Possible Vector Fields for Planar Deformation

Cartoon animation, image warping, and several other tasks in two‐dimensional computer graphics reduce to the formulation of a reasonable model for planar deformation. A deformation is a map from a given shape to a new one, and its quality is determined by the type of distortion it introduces. In many applications, a desirable map is as isometric as possible. Finding such deformations, however, is a nonlinear problem, and most of the existing solutions approach it by minimizing a nonlinear energy. Such methods are not guaranteed to converge to a global optimum and often suffer from robustness issues. We propose a new approach based on approximate Killing vector fields (AKVFs), first introduced in shape processing. AKVFs generate near‐isometric deformations, which can be motivated as direction fields minimizing an “as‐rigid‐as‐possible” (ARAP) energy to first order. We first solve for an AKVF on the domain given user constraints via a linear optimization problem and then use this AKVF as the initial velocity field of the deformation. In this way, we transfer the inherent nonlinearity of the deformation problem to finding trajectories for each point of the domain having the given initial velocities. We show that a specific class of trajectories — the set of logarithmic spirals — is especially suited for this task both in practice and through its relationship to linear holomorphic vector fields. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for planar deformation by comparing it with existing state‐of‐the‐art deformation methods.
A simplified approach to the pooled analysis of calibration of clinical prediction rules for systematic reviews of validation studies

Objective: Estimating calibration performance of clinical prediction rules (CPRs) in systematic reviews of validation studies is not possible when predicted values are neither published nor accessible or sufficient or no individual participant or patient data are available. Our aims were to describe a simplified approach for outcomes prediction and calibration assessment and evaluate its functionality and validity. Study design and methods: Methodological study of systematic reviews of validation studies of CPRs: a) ABCD 2 rule for prediction of 7 day stroke; and b) CRB-65 rule for prediction of 30 day mortality. Predicted outcomes in a sample validation study were computed by CPR distribution patterns (“derivation model”). As confirmation, a logistic regression model (with derivation study coefficients) was applied to CPR-based dummy variables in the validation study. Meta-analysis of validation studies provided pooled estimates of “predicted:observed” risk ratios (RRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and indexes of heterogeneity ( I 2 ) on forest plots (fixed and random effects models), with and without adjustment of intercepts. The above approach was also applied to the CRB-65 rule. Results: Our simplified method, applied to ABCD 2 rule in three risk strata (low, 0–3; intermediate, 4–5; high, 6–7 points), indicated that predictions are identical to those computed by univariate, CPR-based logistic regression model. Discrimination was good (c-statistics = 0.61–0.82), however, calibration in some studies was low. In such cases with miscalibration, the underprediction (RRs = 0.73–0.91, 95% CIs 0.41–1.48) could be further corrected by intercept adjustment to account for incidence differences. An improvement of both heterogeneities and P -values (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test) was observed. Better calibration and improved pooled RRs (0.90–1.06), with narrower 95% CIs (0.57–1.41) were achieved. Conclusion: Our results have an immediate clinical implication in situations when predicted outcomes in CPR validation studies are lacking or deficient by describing how such predictions can be obtained by everyone using the derivation study alone, without any need for highly specialized knowledge or sophisticated statistics. Clinical Epidemiology is an international, peer-reviewed, open access, online journal focusing on disease and drug epidemiology, identifica-tion of risk factors and screening procedures to develop optimal pre- ventative initiatives and programs. Specific topics include: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, screening, prevention, risk factor modification, systematic reviews, risk & safety of medical interventions, epidemiol- ogy & biostatistical methods, and evaluation of guidelines, translational medicine, health policies & economic evaluations. The manuscript management system is completely online and includes a very quick and fair peer-review system, which is all easy to use.
Comparison of Effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Depression and Severity of Symptoms in Women with Fibromyalgia

Background: In addition to pervasive pain, patients with fibromyalgia also complain about impaired cognitive functions, anxiety, and depression. Objectives: This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) in depression and the severity of symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia. Methods: This was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group with a 3-month follow-up. The statistical population covered all female patients with fibromyalgia visiting the Rheumatology Clinic of Rasool Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Based on inclusion criteria and the convenience sampling method, 36 individuals were selected and randomly assigned to 3 groups (2 experimental groups and a control group). Each experimental group received treatment (i.e., MBSR, eight 120-minute sessions, or ISTDP, eight 120-minute sessions). The research instruments included the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition and the Combined Index of Severity of Fibromyalgia. The results were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The results showed that both interventions, namely MBSR and ISTDP, effectively reduced depression and the severity of symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia (P < 0.001). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and ISTDP were also significantly different in terms of effectiveness, with ISTDP being more effective with a longer-term follow-up effect (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Mindfulness-based stress reduction and ISTDP were effective and practical methods for reducing depression and the severity of fibromyalgia symptoms. It is recommended that psychotherapists and counselors adopt these approaches to reduce depression and the severity of fibromyalgia symptoms in patients and help improve and reduce their symptoms.
Long-distance migrants vary migratory behaviour as much as short-distance migrants An individual-level comparison from a seabird species with diverse migration strategies

1. As environmental conditions fluctuate across years, seasonal migrants must deter - mine where and when to move without comprehensive knowledge of conditions beyond their current location. Animals can address this challenge by following cues in their local environment to vary behaviour in response to current condi - tions, or by moving based on learned or inherited experience of past conditions resulting in fixed behaviour across years. 2. It is often claimed that long- distance migrants are more fixed in their migratory behaviour because as distance between breeding and
Natural convection in horizontal eccentric annuli

In recent years there has been an increased emphasis being placed on the study of natural convection in various systems. The majority of studies have been concerned with concentric geometries. The studies oriented toward eccentric geometries have been very few and very specialized. The major emphasis of the studies have been the derivation of correlation equations used to describe the Nusselt numbers obtained in isothermal boundary systems. There is little reported research dealing with the problem of natural convection in an eccentric geometry
The effect of good corporate governance on capital structure in financial sector firms listed on the Indonesia stock exchange over the period of 2012-2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of board size, managerial ownership, institutional investors, profitability, size, and growth as the independent variables on the capital structure of all nonfinancial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study used a quantitative perspective with linear regression and panel data models with a number of research observations of 1,625, consisting of 325 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the period of 2012-2016. The results of the study prove that managerial ownership, profitability, and size had a significant negative effect on capital structure. Whereas growth had a significant positive effect on the capital structure and board size and institutional investors had no significant effect on capital structure (debt ratio).
Hardtissue Augmentation:A Review

ABSTARCT It has become possible to provide the structural foundation of osseous tissue needed to support dental implants using a number of methods and materials. Alveolar abnormalities with insufficient bone height and width have become a major concern with the introduction of dental implants. Alveolar ridge deficiencies are caused by a number of conditions including developmental defects/clefts, tooth extractions, dehiscence or fenestration problems, advanced periodontal disease. The purpose of this review is to provide light on the relationship between the periodontium and the basic ideas behind bone regeneration.
Insights into the spatial and temporal ecology of the sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi

The Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi is an extremely challenging species to study and as such remains one of the least known of the world's larger (>10 kg) cats. We used a combination of radio-tracking and camera-trap surveys to provide some of the fi rst insights into the spatial and temporal ecology of this elusive felid. A female clouded leopard, radio-tagged and tracked over 109 days in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, occupied a home-range of 16.1 km 2 and a core-range of 5.4 km 2 (95% and 50% fi xed- kernel estimators, respectively). Photographic records of this species from three intensive camera-trap surveys, amounting to 135 independent capture events of at least 22 individuals, were pooled and used to investigate patterns of activity. Sunda clouded leopards were found to be primarily, although not exclusively, nocturnal. We compare our results with those from two fi eld studies of the mainland clouded leopard, N. nebulosa, in Thailand. Although preliminary, our data serve to underscore the need for more intensive research of this elusive wild cat.
DDX24 Mutation Alters NPM1 Phase Behavior and Disrupts Nucleolar Homeostasis in Vascular Malformations

Point mutations in the DEAD-box helicase DDX24 are associated with vascular malformations such as multi-organ venous and lymphatic defect (MOVLD) syndrome and Budd-Chiari syndrome, with the pathogenesis largely uncharacterized. DDX24 is mainly located in the nucleolus, where nucleophosmin (NPM1) regulates nucleolar homeostasis via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). However, the connection between DDX24 and NPM1 in vascular malformation remains elusive. Here we demonstrated that DDX24 formed biomolecular condensates in vitro and the mutated DDX24 protein, DDX24E271K, partitioned less into the nucleoli in tissues from patients with MOVLD syndrome and cultured endothelial cells (ECs), altering nucleolar morphology. Furthermore, DDX24 was directly associated with NPM1 to regulate its phase behavior as a client in the nucleolar granular component (GC). Functionally, we showed that DDX24 was essential in maintaining nucleolar homeostasis of ECs and that either mutation or knockdown of DDX24 led to the dysfunction of ribosome biogenesis and the elevated capability of cell migration and tube formation. Our findings illustrate how DDX24 mutation affects nucleolar structure and function by regulating the phase behavior of NPM1 in the setting of vascular malformation.
Ornithischian dinosaurs in Southeast Asia: a review with palaeobiogeographic implications

Ornithischian dinosaurs have been discovered in Thailand, Laos, and Malaysia. These bird-hipped herbivores remain relatively rare by comparison with saurischian dinosaurs. In the Late Jurassic, stegosaurs and basal neornithischians from Thailand showed similarities to Middle-Late Jurassic taxa from China. Ornithischians appeared in the fossil record again during the late Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of Thailand and Laos. They are represented by non-hadrosaurid iguanodontians and basal ceratopsians. A few specimens have been reported from poorly dated Early Cretaceous rocks of Malaysia. Here, we illustrate the diversity of ornithischian assemblages in Southeast Asia and discuss their palaeobiogeographical implications.
A Quantum Gravity Gedanken Experiment and Its Consequences

A simple gedanken experiment was proposed that imagines an observer shrinking down and entering the inner space of the atom. This led to five postulates which was justified mathematically using a quantum potential-modified spacetime structure within the atom. The new spacetime structure demonstrated that space was expanded within the atom, time was slowed down and inertial mass was increased. The paper also demonstrated that the uncertainty principle may have its origins in the modification of spacetime within the atom. Application of general relativity to the intraatomic space showed that charge emerges in a natural way from the changes in the spacetime structure. Within the atom, the term 8πG could be replaced with
Bone mineral density in rheumatoid arthritis patients 1 year after adalimumab therapy: arrest of bone loss

Objective: To explore the effects of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α antibody therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and femur neck in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: A total of 50 patients with active RA (DAS28⩾3.2) who started adalimumab (40 mg subcutaneously/2 weeks) were included in an open label prospective study. All patients used stable methotrexate and were allowed to use prednisone (⩽10 mg/day). The BMD of the lumbar spine and femur neck was measured before and 1 year after start of treatment. Results: Disease activity at baseline (28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28)) and disease duration were inversely correlated with femoral neck BMD and lumbar spine BMD (p<0.05). Mean BMD of lumbar spine and femur neck remained unchanged after 1 year of adalimumab therapy (+0.3% and +0.3%, respectively). Of interest, a beneficial effect of prednisone on change in femur neck BMD was observed with a relative increase with prednisone use (+2.5%) compared to no concomitant prednisone use (−0.7%), (p = 0.015). Conclusion: In contrast to the progressive bone loss observed after conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy, TNF blockade may result in an arrest of general bone loss. Consistent with previous observations, the data also suggest that the net effect of low-dose corticosteroids on BMD in RA may be beneficial, possibly resulting from their anti-inflammatory effects.
Conventional Beef Cattle Farming Practices in Wolaita and Sidama, Southern Ethiopia

: Beef cattle farming is an integral part of livelihood for rural and urban smallholder farmers in developing countries. We aimed to describe the cattle farming practices in selected communities of Diguna Fango district, Wolaita Zone, and Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected with pretested, semi-structured questionnaires applying a cross-sectional study. A stratified sampling was used to select a total of 180 fatteners from the three communities. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The most cited forages for fattening cattle in the dry season were hay and wheat seeds, 180 (100% each), and fresh kidney bean and maize shoot system in the wet season, 180 (100% each). Rivers (75%) and ponds (84%) were the dominant sources of water. The body frame selection criteria had a significant (p = 0.021) effect on the weight gain and determined the fattening period. The breed that was most preferred (100%) was Wolaita sangga . Trypanosomiasis (57.77%) was the highest disease burden in the study area. Lack of clean potable water (50%), feeding resources (20%), and animal health ailments (10%) were the main constraints on beef cattle farming practices in the study area. Market actors were producers, consumers, middlemen, restaurant owners, traders, and butchers. The majority (79%) of fatteners had access to market information before the sale and the price was self-determined by fatteners (78%). Availability of better meat types, cattle, and high market demand were identified as good opportunities which could be used to enhance the performance of cattle fattening activity in the study area. It should be essential to provide farmers with adequate training and extension services on improved cattle fattening technology, management techniques, and market information to increase the revenue of the farming communities that use seasonally available feed supplies.
Achilles Tendinopathy: An Evidence-Based Overview for the Sports Medicine Professional

ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY (AT) IS A CONDITION WHEREBY INDIVIDUALS EXPERIENCE PAIN AND IMPAIRMENTS AS A RESULT OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES AT THE ACHILLES TENDON AND NEIGHBORING TISSUES. THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES AN EVIDENCE-BASED OVERVIEW OF THE STRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SEQUELA ASSOCIATED WITH AT. THE EVIDENCE UNDERPINNING MORE COMMON TREATMENTS, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS, IS PRESENTED IN AN EFFORT TO MITIGATE THE IMPAIRMENT SEQUELA AND GUIDE SPORTS MEDICINE PROFESSIONALS IN THEIR CHOICE OF TREATMENTS FOR AT.
Information System Users’ Creativity: A meta-analysis of the link between IT use and creative performance

Purpose – Information technology has been recognized as one of the keys to improved productivity in organizations. Yet, existing research has not paid sufficient attention to how information systems influence the creative performance of individual users. Design/methodology/approach – This study draws on the theories of flow and cognitive load to establish a model of the predicted influences. We hypothesize that information technology supports creativity by engaging individuals in a creative process and by lowering their cognitive load related to the process. To test these hypotheses, we employ a meta-analytical structural equation modeling approach using 24 previous studies on creativity and information systems use. Findings – The results suggest that factors that help the user to maintain an interest in the performed task, immerse the user in a state of flow, and lower a person’s cognitive load during information system use can affect the user’s creative performance. Research implications – Our findings imply that a combination of the theories of flow and cognitive load complements the understanding of how information systems influence creativity. Originality/value – This paper proposes an explanation on why information systems affect creativity, which can be used by scholars to position further research, and by practitioners to implement creativity-support systems.