Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification, distribution and incidence of viruses in field-grown cucurbit crops of Iran

A survey of viruses in the major cucurbit-growing areas of 17 provinces in Iran was conducted in 2005 and 2006. A total of 1699 leaf samples were collected from melon, squash, cucumber and watermelon plants showing various virus-like symptoms. Screening for 11 cucurbit viruses by double-antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) or RT-PCR, found that 71% of the samples were infected by at least one virus, of which Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) was the most common overall, occurring in 49, 47, 40, and 33% of cucumber, squash, melon, and watermelon samples respectively. The second most common virus on melon and watermelon was Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) (incidence 30–33%); on cucumber, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)(33%); and on squash, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)(38%). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) and Zucchini yellow fl eck virus (ZYFV) in Iran. Mixed infections occurred in 49% of symptomatic samples. Mixed infections were relatively frequent in squash (58%) and melon (55%). The most frequent double infections were WMV+CABYV and ZYMV+CABYV in melon, squash and cucumber, followed by WMV+ZYMV. In watermelon, the most frequent double infection was WMV+ZYMV, followed by WMV+CABYV. The high frequency of CABYV, WMV and ZYMV in the samples assayed on all four cucurbit crops and in all areas surveyed, as well as the detection of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV) and Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) in northern and southern Iran, suggest that these viruses represent a potential threat to cucurbit crops in Iran.
Expression patterns of the regulatory proteins G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and β-arrestin 1 during rat postnatal brain development

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and β-arrestin 1 are key regulatory proteins that modulate the desensitization and resensitization of a wide variety of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) involved in brain functions. In this report, we describe the postnatal developmental profile of the mRNA and protein levels of GRK2 and β-arrestin 1 in rat brain. The expression levels of GRK2 and β-arrestin 1 display a marked increase at the second and third week after birth, respectively, consistent with an involvement of these proteins in brain maturation processes. However, the expression attained at birth and during the first postnatal week with respect to adult values (45–70% for GRK2, ≈ 30% for β-arrestin 1) is relatively high compared to that reported for several GPCRs, indicating the existence of changes in the ratio of receptors to their regulatory proteins during brain development. On the other hand, we report that experimental hypothyroidism results in changes in the patterns of expression of GRK2 and β-arrestin 1 in cerebral cortex, leading to a 25–30% reduction in GRK2 levels at several stages of development. Such changes could help to explain the alterations in GPCR signaling that occur during this pathophysiological condition.
Examination of a partial dietary self‐monitoring approach for behavioral weight management

Dietary self‐monitoring in behavioral weight loss programmes traditionally involves keeping track of all foods and beverages to achieve a calorie deficit. While effective, adherence declines over time. WW™ (formerly Weight Watchers), a widely available commercial weight management programme, sought to pilot an approach that permitted participants to consume over 200 foods without monitoring them.
The honest mirror: Morality as a moderator of spontaneous behavioral mimicry

Two studies examined whether morality-related information has a greater impact than sociability- or competence-related information upon the spontaneous mimicry of an interaction partner. Participants were video recorded during an interaction with a confederate previously presented as moral versus lacking morality, or sociable versus lacking sociability (Study 1), or competent versus lacking competence (Study 2). Two coders rated the extent to which participants imitated the gestures of the confederate, participants’ postural openness, and the general smoothness of the interaction. When the confederate lacked moral qualities, mimicry and postural openness were lower, and the interaction was less smooth than when the confederate was highly moral, unsociable, or incompetent. Moreover, our findings showed that global impression is the key mediating mechanism driving such an effect. Indeed, knowing that another person behaved immorally resulted in a negative impression, which in turn hindered behavioral mimicry.
The impact of extralegal factors on perceived credibility of child victims of sexual assault

ABSTRACT The study examined the impact of victim age, victim gender, and perpetrator gender, across five domains of witness credibility: accuracy, believability, competency, reliability and truthfulness. The study also investigated which of these sub-constructs is the best predictor of guilt. 231 adult lay-people completed a survey measuring perceived credibility. Victim age emerged as having the most consistent effect, with the 5- and 10-year-old victims rated as more credible than the 15-year-old victim. Despite their legal incapacity to consent to sex, 15-year-old victims appear to be viewed as ‘quasi-adults’. Victims were rated as more accurate and truthful when the defendant was male compared to when the defendant was female. This may be due to the availability heuristic, as cases involving female defendants are less common. A significant main effect for victim gender was found for the competency sub-construct, such that males were rated as more competent than females. This result suggests that gendered attitudes and stereotypes may begin in childhood and extend to complainants of sexual assault. Main effects for accuracy and truthfulness, were qualified by three-way interaction effects. The five-factor model of perceived credibility accounted for 42% of variance in guilt perceptions, with truthfulness emerging as the strongest predictor of guilt.
The mechanisms of senescence in wild European badgers

3 Acknowledgements 4 List of Tables 8 List of Figures 9 Authors Declaration 10 Publications 11 Chapter 1: General introduction 13 Proximate Mechanisms 16 Model system: The European Badger 21 Thesis Aims and Outline 24 Chapter 2: Age-related declines and disease-associated variation in immune cell telomere length in a wild mammal 27 Abstract 28 28 Introduction 29 Methods 31 Results 34 Discussion 37 Chapter 3: Early life environmental conditions predict adult telomere lengths in wild European badgers 43 Abstract 44 44 Introduction 45 Methods 49 Results 54
Potassium Fertilization in Sugarcane Ratoon Yield Grown in a Tropical Region

ABSTRACT Potassium (K) is closely associated to the improvement of sugarcane quality, acting in the conversion of reducing sugar (RS) to recoverable sugars (TRS). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of K-fertilization on the yield and technological quality of sugarcane ratoons grown under edaphoclimatic conditions in the Brazilian central region. The experiment was carried out using the sugarcane variety CTC-4, in a Distrofic Latosols, medium texture (270 g clay kg−1). The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design, with five treatments (0; 50; 100; 150 and 200 kg K2O ha−1), and five replicates. Potassium content in soil and plant, biometric variables, stalk yield and the technological quality at harvest were evaluated. The 200 kg ha−1 dose increased the K content in 160, 156, 56 and 3% in 0–0.20 and 0.20–0.40 m layers at 180 and 360 days after budding (DAB), respectively, promoting greater absorption of the nutrient by plants (X ̅ = 15.22 g kg−1). The higher potassium absorption reflected in yield gains, with an increasing of 7.9%, compared to the control treatment, yielding 100.37 t ha−1. However, soil K fertilization did not affect the technological quality of the sugarcane ratoon. Abbreviations: K: potassium; RS: reducing sugars; TRS: recoverable sugars; DAB: days after budding; SB: Sum of Bases; CEC: Cation Exchange Capacity; V: Saturation Base; Kcl: potassium chloride; AWC: Available water capacity; PC: Pol percent in sugarcane; Brix: total soluble solids; dRYL: Dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol; eRYA: Eutrophic Red Yellow Argisol.
White Christian Nationalism and Relative Political Tolerance for Racists

Recent studies demonstrate that white Americans who adhere to “Christian nationalism”―an ideology that idealizes and advocates a fusion of Christianity and American civic life―tend to hold authoritarian, exclusionary, and overtly prejudicial attitudes, particularly regarding ethno-racial minorities. We use data from the 1996 and 2014 General Social Surveys and consider relative political tolerance toward old-fashioned racists (i.e., persons who believe black Americans are genetically inferior) compared to other historically stigmatized groups, including anti-religionists, communists, militarists, and homosexuals. Viewing Christian identity as essential to American civic belonging is among the strongest predictors of whites’ being politically intolerant of all stigmatized groups, racists included. However, when we examine relative tolerance toward racists compared to other stigmatized groups, white Christian nationalists show greater tolerance than other whites. This effect is distinct from personal religiosity which is associated with lower relative tolerance toward racists. Additionally, we find both time and gender moderate the association between white Christian nationalism and relative tolerance toward racists. Findings ultimately demonstrate that white Americans who adhere to Christian nationalism exhibit authoritarian tendencies―expressing lower tolerance for all groups considered―while making greater relative allowance for old-fashioned racists, who may be allies in the task of social control and coercion.
Rendimento do suco e qualidade química do abacaxi sob lâminas e frequências de irrigação

A cultura do abacaxi apresenta uma demanda permanente por agua, variavel e dependente de seu estadio de desenvolvimento, que pode afetar a producao e a qualidade do fruto. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade quimica dos frutos do abacaxi Smooth cayenne submetido a diferentes niveis e frequencias de reposicao de agua no solo. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados num esquema fatorial 4 x 2, constituido por quatro niveis de reposicao de agua no solo (50%, 75%, 100% e 125% da evapotranspiracao da cultura) e duas frequencias de irrigacao (1 e 3 dias), com quatro repeticoes. Avaliou-se os parâmetros: rendimento de suco (RS), potencial hidrogenionico (pH), solidos soluveis totais (SST), acidez total titulavel (ATT), relacao SST/ATT, acido ascorbico (AA). Observou-se que as lâminas e frequencias de irrigacao nao influenciaram o rendimento de suco (RS) e acido ascorbico (AA); o aumento das laminas de irrigacao influenciou positivamente a qualidade do fruto, pois aumenta os valores de solidos soluveis totais (SST), diminui a acidez titulavel (ATT), eleva a relacao SST/ATT e o potencial hidrogenionico de suco (pH).
Energy-Efficient Precharge-Free Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) for High Search Rate Applications

Hardware search engines (HSEs) have been drawing significant attention in replacing software search algorithms in order to speed up location access and data association in modern systems. Content addressable memory (CAM) is one of the promising HSEs due to its parallel search accessibility. However, it is subjected to considerable dissipation which becomes severe while accessing many components including cells and associated matchlines (MLs) during every search. Ternary CAM (TCAM) based routing tables, especially employed in network systems for packet classification, has put a challenge to design energy-efficient architectures with high-performance and reliable look-up operation. Precharge-free CAM schemes are preferred solutions over precharge types to accomplish high-speed as well as low-power goals of associative memory design. In order to overcome the drawbacks of precharge based designs and also to improve performance during the search, we introduce a precharge-free ternary content addressable memory (PF-TCAM). The proposed searching approach enhances the rate of search by reducing half of the ML evaluation time as it eliminates precharge phase prior to every search by performing search in HALF clock cycle. A $32\times 16$ -bit proposed macro is designed using 45-nm CMOS technology and post-layout simulations at 1 V supply shows 56% and 63% energy efficiency improvements compared to conventional TCAM and compact TCAM respectively over 25 different search keys despite increasing evaluation speed by 50% with an area overhead of 1 transistor/cell over compact TCAM.
Functional characterization and expression of molluscan detoxification enzymes and transporters involved in dietary allelochemical resistance

Abstract : The processes underlying dietary allelochemical tolerance are likely mediated, in part, by biochemical resistance mechanisms that have evolved under the selective pressure of host chemical defenses. Although many have invoked this hypothesis to explain the variation in marine consumer tolerance, few studies have examined the enzymatic diversity and corresponding metabolism of dietary allelochemicals. Molecular and proteomic techniques identified both allelochemically-responsive cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and constitutively expressed glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and ABC transporters in Cyphoma gibbosum digestive glands. Inhibition of Cyphoma GST activity by gorgonian extracts and selected allelochemicals (i.e., prostaglandins) indicated that gorgonian diets contain substrates for molluscan detoxification enzymes. Enzymatic studies with snail microsomes and recombinant CYPs suggested those Cyphoma enzymes most closely related to vertebrate fatty acid hydroxylating enzymes may contribute to the detoxification of ichthyodeterrent cyclopentenone prostaglandins found in abundance in selected gorgonian species.
Existential predication in Hamar

This paper analyzes predicative constructions expressing location, existence and possession in Hamar, a South Omotic language spoken in South-West Ethiopia. The semantic domain location-existence-possession is conveyed in Hamar by one and the same lexeme, but in different constructions. The distinction between location and existence in particular is expressed by variation in the syntax and information structure, reflecting the different conceptualization and perspectivization of the abstract relation between a figure and a ground. The semantic and syntactic properties of these constructions are analyzed and compared to the findings of Creissels’ typology of “inverse locational predication” (2013) and Koch’s constructional typology (2012). The analysis of existential predication in Hamar confirms that there is a contrast between the languages of the Sudanic belt and those of North Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa (Creissels 2018a; 2019), and it suggests that Hamar, like other Afro-Asiatic languages (Koch 2012:585), belongs to languages which do not express informational salience, nor propositional salience. A closer look however reveals that Hamar existential constructions display special morpho-syntactic features: the different conceptualization of the figure-ground relationship is encoded not only by means of word order alternations, but also by means of gender marking on the figure and the ground, and different aspectual marking on the predicator.
Sexing juvenile Siskins Spinus spinus in southeast England

In this report we test the proposal that the length of the black blotch on the second outermost rectrix is a useful criterion for sexing Siskins in juvenile plumage. In total, 451 individuals at Leith Hill, southeast England, were sexed after their post-juvenile moult on the basis of body plumage and the length of the black blotch measured. Differences in blotch length between males and females were statistically significant. These results suggest that Siskins in juvenile body plumage with a black blotch measuring >30 mm can be sexed as females, and <27 mm as males.
Methylation of Inorganic Selenium Compounds by Freshwater Green Algae (Regular Presentations) (Proceedings of the 15 th Symposium on Environmental Pollutants and Toxicology)

Biomethylation of selenium (Se) by freshwater green algae, Ankistrodesmus sp. , Chlorella vulgaris and Selenastrum sp. , which had been isolated from the Tone River and Lake Kasumigaura in Japan, were investigated. All of the three algae produced methylated Se compounds from the corresponding inorganic compounds. The formation of trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe) by algae reached a plateau 2-4 d after culturing and the amount of Se an TMSe was less than about 0.001% of the added Se. TMSe was also found in the algae and was in the range from 0.04 to 0.3% of total-Se accumulated in the algae. Dimethylselenide (DMSe) was found in the headspace gases of the cultured flask and was in the range from 0.001 to 0.016% of the added Se. Total-Se accumulated in the algae was in the range from 0.002 to 0.2% of added Se. The presence of arsenic in the medium inhibited DMSe formation in the algae. Green algae in the freshwater ecosystems might be related to methylation of Se, and biomethylation of Se by green algae is thought to be one of the detoxification processes.
The Impact of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) on Improving Intermediate EFL Learnersâ€™ Vocabulary Learning

Regarding the large amount of vocabulary that learners should learn and the limited amount of time available in the EFL classes, Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is considered as an attractive option for learning. One specific benefit of using CALL vocabulary instruction is to provide systematic repetition of words, ensuring that learned words are not forgotten. The objective of current investigation is to examine the effect of CALL on Iranian intermediate learnersâ€™ vocabulary learning. The researchers used Tell Me More (TEM) software for this objective. This investigation used Preliminary English Test (PET) as a standardized measurement to seek the level of the subjects in terms of language proficiency. Then, the researchers assigned the participants into two groups: experimental group and control group. Experimental group included 31 EFL students and control group involved 30 EFL students. 80 items were administered as pre-test to evaluate the participantsâ€™ previous knowledge of English in respect to the vocabularies. The researchers taught the students of both groups for 12 sessions. The TEM software was used as treatment in experimental group and the control group received no treatment. The taught words were the same in both groups. After 12 sessions, the 65 items were administered as post-test in order to compare the results of the scores of two groups and decide about the effectiveness of the treatment. The data were analyzed through running the Independent sample t-test. The results of post-test showed that the participants of experimental group outperformed the control group and had positive attitudes towards CALL. The results of this study may be useful for EFL teachers, EFL learners, and syllabus designers.
Synopsis of biological data on the Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782)

Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) is a pelagic species which inhabits warm and temperate coastal waters of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The species is of great importance for fisheries worldwide; in 1978, it ranked third in importance in catches by species (3.4 million tonnes), while in 1979 and 1980 it ranked fourth and fifth, with 2.8 and 2.6 million tonnes, respectively. In 1966, the species ranked fifth with a worldwide catch of 2.1 million tonnes. It is mainly caught with purse seines, sometimes using light, and also by trolling, lines, gillnets, traps, beach seines and midwater trawls.
School Counseling and Counseling Psychology Collaboration: A Cautionary Tale

Counseling psychology and school counseling programs have been historically aligned since the inception of their respective professions. Given current trends, there appear to be differences in the foci and approach to training and professional engagement in the two disciplines. The current investigation surveyed programs in which counseling psychology and school counseling programs were housed within the same department or college to identify areas of collaboration. The survey and journal reviews revealed a divide in the areas of curriculum, service delivery, and professional organization engagement. There appeared to be better collaboration in research, although limited in scope. Although counseling psychology and school counseling continue to have shared values, current trends in curriculum needs, accreditation and professional foci suggest a limited scope of collaboration. Research may be an area in which the two professions can remain professionally engaged. We offer suggestions for increasing collaborative activities.
Leveraging Brand Equity for Effective Visual Product Design

For many consumer goods, the visual appearance is a vital determinant of market success. Although there is an emerging literature on how objective design characteristics drive consumer preferences, this literature has not yet taken into account that product design happens in the context of a brand’s equity. This research addresses the question of how to leverage brand equity when designing the visual appearance of a product. Specifically, it investigates the role of two key strategic visual design decisions: brand typicality (similarity within the brand’s range) and segment typicality (similarity to the competitive set). Drawing on fluency theory, the authors argue that high-equity brands benefit more from brand typicality but less from segment typicality than low-equity brands. Using data from the U.S. car market tracking market shares of 456 car models of 39 major brands operating in seven market segments across 13 years, the study provides empirical evidence for this conjecture and, thereby, implications for strategic product design and visual design theory.
Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-1β Production by Human Uterine Macrophages Up-Regulates Uterine Epithelial Cell Expression of Human β-Defensin 21

The uterine endometrium coordinates a wide spectrum of physiologic and immunologic functions, including endometrial receptivity and implantation as well as defense against sexually transmitted pathogens. Macrophages and epithelial cells cooperatively mediate innate host defense against bacterial invasion through the generation of immunologic effectors, including cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we demonstrate that stimulation of peripheral blood monocytes and uterine macrophages with bacterial LPS induces the production of biologically active proinflammatory IL-1β. High doses of estradiol enhance LPS-induced IL-1β expression in an estrogen receptor-dependent manner. Furthermore, both peripheral blood monocyte- and uterine macrophage-derived IL-1β induce secretion of antimicrobial human β-defensin 2 by uterine epithelial cells. These data indicate dynamic immunologic interaction between uterine macrophages and epithelial cells and implicate a role for estradiol in the modulation of the immune response.