Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium Analysis of Aggregation Behavior in the Solvent Extraction of Cu(II) from Sulfuric Acid by Didodecylnaphthalene Sulfonic Acid

Abstract By use of the principles of equilibrium analysis, the liquid-liquid cation exchange of Cu(II) from aqueous sulfuric acid at 25°C by didodecylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (HDDNS) in toluene may be understood in terms of small hydrated aggregated species in the organic phase. Extraction data have been measured as a function of organic-phase HDDNS molarity (1.0 × 10−4 to 1.0 × 10−1), aqueous copper(II) sulfate molarity (1.2 × 10−8 to 1.3 × 10−2), and aqueous sulfuric acid molarity (0.03 to 6.0). Graphical analysis of linear regions of the data support a model in which organic-phase aggregates of HDDNS function by cation exchange to incorporate Cu(II) ions with no apparent change in aggregation number at low loading. Supporting FTIR spectra and water-content measurements of HDDNS solutions in toluene show that the HDDNS aggregates are highly hydrated. By use of the computer program SXLSQA, a comprehensive equilibrium model was developed with inclusion of activity effects. Aqueous-phase activity coefficie.
Selected marketing and branding practices among small and medium-sized family business in the Eastern Cape

Based on the importance of small and medium-sized family businesses, with regard to their economic contributions, as well as the fact that their high failure rates limit their ability to positively contribute to the economic growth of South Africa, this study focused on selected marketing and branding practices of South African family SMEs, and whether these practices influence their financial performance and ultimately their survival. Against this background, the primary objective of this study was to investigate selected marketing and branding practices adopted by family SMEs in the Eastern Cape. An overview of the literature was provided whereby the nature and importance of SMEs, and more specifically family SMEs, were described. The various challenges SMEs face were explored, with marketing and branding being identified as one of the main challenges that contributes to the high failure rate of family SMEs. In addition to the marketing challenges faced by non-family SMEs, family SMEs face extra marketing hurdles, given the overlapping subsystem of family and business. However, despite these challenges, family SMEs are able to make use of their familial aspect by marketing and branding the business as family-owned. A positivistic research paradigm and quantitative research methodology was adopted for this study, using a descriptive research approach. The primary data collection procedures involved selecting the population, the sample, sampling techniques, and sample size. For the purpose of this study, the population consisted of all family SME owners operating within the borders of the Eastern Cape province. From the population, a sample was selected using both judgemental and convenience sampling. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed, which resulted in 325 usable questionnaires, giving an effective response rate of 65.00 per cent. Given the cross-sectional nature of this study, a survey research method using a structured, selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect the primary data. The scales used to measure the factors under investigation were developed based on previous research. In order to assess the validity of the ordinal scales, tests for unidimensionality were undertaken. Only factor loadings exceeding the 0.5 cut-off point were considered significant. Not all the items loaded as expected. Only five of the original six items intended to measure the dependent variable Perceived financial performance loaded onto this factor. The researcher, together with two
An approximate theory describing the profile of a sessile drop

The profile of an axisymmetric sessile drop is described by an analytically insoluble second-order differential equation, which can be obtained either from Laplace's equation or by employing the calculus of variations to minimise the free energy of the solid/liquid/fluid system. Most reported methods of solution involve numerical integration and although some very accurate data have been calculated in this way, the purpose of the present study is to present a simple method of obtaining approximate sessile drop profiles by applying a form of first-order perturbation theory. Provided that certain conditions are satisfied, the technique allows contact angles to be calculated without recourse to tables or elaborate calculation facilities. Although the method is neither as precise nor as general as studies involving numerical integration on computers, it has the advantage of reducing the subjectivity of direct contact angle measurement. The technique, in its present form, is applicable to drops for which the contact angle is < 90°.
Analysis of the Functioning of Bridgewire Igniters based on the fitted wire model

This paper contains the results of a study concerning the thermoelectrical response of a bridgewire fuze head to a d.c. pulse. The experimental part of the study has been performed using a home-built, improved version of the Thermal Transient Test. The experimental temperature of the bridgewire fuze head as a function of time and current amplitude is described by means of the “fitted wire model”, an extension of the well-known Rosenthal model. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with the results obtained with the fitted wire model. On the basis of this fitted wire model and postulating a critical temperature of the bridgewire, induction times and energy and power characteristics can be calculated. Furthermore, the model enables the evaluation of the effects of changes in the model parameters upon the functioning of the bridgewire fuze head.
Popping of amaranth grain (Amaranthus caudatus) and its effect on the functional, nutritional and sensory properties

The popping of amarunth grain (Amaranthus caudatus var INIAP-Alegria) by hot air processing was studied. A household corn popper adapted to control heating and airflow was used. The effects of temperature, load, airflow and moisture on the popping capacity and on the functional properties, nutritional quality, crude protein content, lysine content and sensory texture of the poppei grain were investigate. The yield, expansion volume and density of popped grain showed that the optimal conditions for the popping process were 240 °C, 22 g load, 0.013 m 3 s -1 airflow and 12% grain moisture. The proportion of popped grain with butterfly shape was highest (p La capacite des grains d'amarante (Amaranthus caudatus) et les effets de la temperature, de la charge, du flux d'air et de la teneur en eau du grain sur le rendement, le volume d'expansion et la densite du grain eclate sont etudies. Les proprietes fonctionnelles et physicochimiques, la teneur en proteine, en lysine, la qualite nutritionnelle et les proprietes texturales du produit sont aussi evaluees. L'objectif de cette etude est de definir le procede optimal pour la production de grains d'amarante eclates.
Hydrodynamic Studies of Fluidized Bed Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactors to Produce Carbon Nano Tubes via Catalytic Decomposition over Co/Pd MgO

A B S T R A C T In this study, carbon nano tubes have been successfully synthesized in a fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) process over bi- metallic Co/Pd catalyst supported on MgO. The hydrodynamic studies of fluidized bed reactor has been reported in terms of pressure drop, minimum fluidization velocity and bed volume expansion to contribute to the optimization of the Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) production parameters in fluidized bed reactors. Minimum fluidization velocity and pressure drop, as the most important parameters, were taken into account for the investigation of the hydrodynamic behavior of the catalyst particles inside the fluidized bed and CNTs growth and deposition. The effect of carbonous gas to inert gas ratio (CH4:N2) was studied based on design of experiment (DOE) using Response Surface Methodology. It was found that N2:CH4 flow rate ratio must be 3:5 to obtain the highest bed volume expansion for maximum carbon nanotubes accumulation. The carbon nanotubes are multiwalled with diameter of 14 nm and volume bed expansion of 85% occurred when ratio of methane to nitrogen is 5:3. The optimum parameters for higher conversion of methane to CNT occurs when temperature is 1000 ◦C and the flow rate ratio of Nitrogen to methane is 3:5 in FBCVD.
Measurement of the impedance of aqueous solutions of KCl: An analysis using an extension of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model

We investigate the frequency dependence of the real and imaginary parts of the electric impedance of a cell with titanium electrodes, filled with aqueous solution of KCl in different concentrations. Our experimental data are interpreted by means of an extension of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model, assuming that the electrodes are not blocking and well described by Ohmic boundary conditions, and that two groups of ions are responsible for the electric conduction. One group is due to the dissociation of KCl in water (majority carriers), the other to the impurities dissolved in water or present in KCl (minority carriers), whose bulk density is very small with respect to first group. The agreement between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions is good, taking into account the small number of free parameters entering in the model. In particular, the diffusion coefficient for the potassium and chloride ions well comparer with those reported in literature. According to our analysis, the role of the.
Volatile compounds from leaf extracts of Juniperus excelsa growing in Syria via gas chromatography mass spectrometry

This study reports the use of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate volatile compounds in leaves of Juniperus excelsa native to Syria. Leaf samples were collected from both 100-year and 10-year old J. excelsa plants. Dried leaf samples were extracted with hexane to obtain essential oil metabolites and other non-polar compounds. GC-MS was used to profile and analyze metabolites in hexane extracts. Mass spectral deconvolution and identification and analysis of KI values allowed us to characterize sixty-nine metabolites, including twenty-four monoterpenes; twenty-nine sesquiterpenes; and sixteen other compounds including alkanes. Among these sixty-nine metabolites, germacrene B, cedrol, γ-elemene, and stenol were produced in leaf extracts of both 100-year and 10-year old trees. Interestingly, we observed that ten monoterpene and nineteen sesquiterpene compounds produced in leaves of the 100-year old trees were not detected in ones of the 10-year old trees investigated. In contrast, junipene was a dominant essential oil component in leaves of the 10-year old trees, but was either just at a detectable level or undetectable in leaves of the 100-year old trees.
High-energy noiselike rectangular pulse in a passively mode-locked figure-eight fiber laser

We report on the generation of a high-energy noiselike rectangular pulse in a mode-locked figure-eight fiber laser. The noiselike pulse appeared to have a rectangular shape on the oscilloscope. The pulse duration increased with increasing pump power, while the peak amplitude remained constant, which is very similar to the pulse evolution of dissipative soliton resonance. However, the pulse type is confirmed as a noiselike pulse using an autocorrelator. With the maximum pump power of 350 mW, the 135 nJ noiselike rectangular pulse with 76 ns duration was achieved. The results provide a new guideline for clarifying an alternative formation mechanism of the high-energy rectangular pulses in fiber lasers.
Barrier inhomogeneities at Schottky contacts

We present a new analytical potential fluctuations model for the interpretation of current/voltage and capacitance/voltage measurements on spatially inhomogeneous Schottky contacts. A new evaluation schema of current and capacitance barriers permits a quantitative analysis of spatially distributed Schottky barriers. In addition, our analysis shows also that the ideality coefficient n of abrupt Schottky contacts reflects the deformation of the barrier distribution under applied bias; a general temperature dependence for the ideality n is predicted. Our model offers a solution for the so‐called T0 problem. Not only our own measurements on PtSi/Si diodes, but also previously published ideality data for Schottky diodes on Si, GaAs, and InP agree with our theory.
The absorption and diffusion of polyethylene chains on the carbon nanotube: The molecular dynamics study

Classical molecular dynamics simulations have been used to investigate the absorption and diffusion behavior of polyethylene (PE) chains on the surface of the side-wall of the carbon nanotube (CNT). Different degrees of polymerization from 50 to 80 at separate temperatures of 300, 400, 500, and 600 K are considered. Through the simulation, it is examined that the PE chains are absorbed on the surface of CNT and form stable composites with the nanotube as capsules. It is found that the most probable distance between the CNT and the C atoms in backbone of PE molecules only attribute to the temperature, and at T = 300 K, this distance is about 3.8 A. Furthermore, the pattern of the composites mainly depends on the temperature and the length matching of the chains and the CNT. In particular, the PE chains keep approximately linear conformation, and extend along the axis of the CNT at the room temperature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 272–280, 2008
Effect of Scalding and Flaming Methods of Processing on Physico-chemical and Organoleptic Properties of Grass-cutter Meat

hot water of about 80°C and knife was used to remove the fur (Scalding). In the second group, each grass-cutter was placed separately on burning fire wood for the removal of the fur (Flaming). The sensory, and chemical composition of the raw meat were evaluated. Moreover the meat was cooked and fried for sensory evaluation. The result shows that flaming method of processing of grass-cutter improved the taste, flavour and general acceptability better than scalding method (P<0.05). The two methods of processing had no effect on the weight of the organ and the dressing percentage, also the chemical composition of the meat was not influenced by the two processing methods hence consumer could use either of the two methods of processing the fur.
Assessment of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) impact on phenolic and sensory quality of Bordeaux grapes, musts and wines for two consecutive vintages

Background and Aims: The impact of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea)) was quantified on chemical, phenolic and sensory qualities of grapes, derived musts and wines. Methods and Results: Analyses were carried out by using naturally or artificially infected grape berries at ripeness or overripeness. In grape seeds, chemical analyses revealed no major differences between healthy and rotten grapes. In grape skins of Botrytis-affected berries, concentrations of all the phenolic compounds (anthocyanins and proanthocyanidin monomers, dimers and trimer) decreased drastically. Mean degree of polymerization of the proanthocyanidin polymeric fraction was also affected in skins. Chemical analyses of musts and wines made with different percentages of rotten berries showed a moderate impact of the pathogen on their phenolic composition. Nevertheless, sensory analyses underlined a loss of wine sensory quality perceptible from a threshold as low as 5% of Botrytis-affected grapes onwards. Conclusion: Phenolic variations and the associated negative impact in grapes, derived musts and wines may be related to oxidation phenomena from B. cinerea. The main effects of severity/age of grey mould and the level of berry maturity are also discussed. Significance of the Study: B. cinerea drastically affects the phenolic and organoleptic properties of grape skins and derived wines. Therefore, prophylactic actions early in the vineyard, evaluation of the sanitary status of the harvested grapes and berry sorting are primordial even under low disease pressure.
Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from a Steam-Hydrogasifier Product Gas by Zinc Oxide Sorbent

Removal of H2S by a commercially available zinc oxide sorbent was studied using a packed-bed reactor for desulfurizing the gas produced from steam-hydrogasification of carbonaceous materials. Experimental runs were conducted to monitor sulfur removal efficiency and H2S breakthrough time for the operation variables such as reaction temperature, steam content, space velocity, inlet H2S concentration, and sorbent particle size. For the inlet gas with 45 vol % steam content, the initial sulfur removal efficiency exhibited a maximum around 636 K. Varying the steam content of inlet gas affected the equilibrium of sorbent sulfidation in a reversible way, leading to the decrease of sulfur capture capacity of the sorbent as the steam content increased. Increasing the space velocity from 8 000 to 24000 h-1 decreased sulfur capture capacity significantly, indicating the deterioration of gas−solid contact in the reactor at the increased gas flow rates. Inlet H2S concentration was varied from 100 to 800 ppmv to reflec.
Recent trends in global greenhouse gas emissions: regional trends and spatial distribution of key sources

In 2004, JRC, MNP and MPIC have started a project to create fast (bi-)annual updates of the EDGAR global emission inventory system, based on the more detailed previous version 3.2. We first describe the key features of the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research, EDGAR 3, and then the compilation of recent global trends main influencing variables and the new ‘Fast Track’ approach to estimate recent emissions at a country-specific level. We present an overview of the approaches used for this ‘Fast Track’, the different source sectors and the accuracies achieved. Results will be available for 1995-2000 for various sources and greenhouse gases at regional and national scales, with a focus on the anthropogenic sources of methane.
Simultaneous "Bucket-Handle" Tear of Both Menisci on the Same Knee

Case Report About 10% of meniscal tears are bucket-handle tears and more frequently affect the medial meniscus three times more than the external meniscus. It turns out that the simultaneous tear in à bucket handle at the same knee is a rare phenomenon. In this article we report a case of a 25-year-old man with a simultaneous bucket-handle tear in the same knee discovered on magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging provides an accurate diagnosis of this type of injury.
Three‐dimensional MRI mapping of microwave induced heating patterns

Summary Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been used to map in three dimensions, non-invasively, the complex heating patterns induced by microwave heating. Comparisons with infra-red thermal imaging of the surface heating patterns are demonstrated. The effects of the differential heating properties have been characterized for a model food sample. The potential applications of MRI temperature mapping to optimizing the domestic and industrial use of microwaves for heating of foods is discussed.
Influence of gas density on the hydrodynamics of cocurrent gas-liquid upflow fixed bed reactors

The effect of pressure on the frictional two-phase pressure drop and the gas holdup in a flooded fixed bed reactor with cocurrent upflow of gas and liquid is presented. It has been found that pressure and gas molecular weight influence the pressure drop only via gas density. An increase of gas density results in an increase of two-phase pressure drop and gas holdup at given fluid superficial velocities. Two extrapolation tools for the estimation of pressure drops in pressurized flooded beds exclusively from experiments conducted in nearly atmospheric conditions are proposed. A new two-phase pressure drop correlation based upon more than 1800 measurements (including the authors' data and that from the literature) carried out within broad ranges of gas densities, liquid properties, particle sizes, and column diameters is developed
Reactive intermediates. Part III. Oxidation of 1-aminobenzotriazole with oxidants other than lead tetra-acetate

Oxidation of 1-aminobenzotriazole with N-bromosuccinimide and with nickel peroxide generates benzyne in high and in low yield, respectively. With nickel peroxide, other metal oxides, and iodobenzene diacetate, a variety of products, including azobenzene, benzo[c]cinnoline, 1-phenylbenzotriazole and mono- and di-phenyldihydrodibenzotetra-azapentalenes are obtained. Mechanisms involving benzyne and nitrene intermediates are proposed for their formation.
REHYDRATION OF FREEZE‐DRIED STRAWBERRIES AT VARYING TEMPERATURES

Strawberries (var. Seascape ), cut in halves or 5-mm slices, were freezedried at a heating plate temperature of 55C for 28 h. Freeze-dried products were then rehydrated at 0, 20, 40 and 80C in distilled water. The progression of the rehydration coefficient (RC) was followed as a function of time (up to 25 min). Less than 2 min were necessary to fully rehydrate the slices and less than 5 min for half strawberries. The results showed that halved and sliced freeze-dried strawberries had higher RCs when rehydrated at a temperature near 0C. A simple diffusive-type equation was used to represent water uptake during rehydration. Effective diffusion coefficients were modeled as a function of temperature using an Arrhenius-type relationship.
STUDIES ON THE MOLECULAR TAXONOMY OF THREE CICHLID SPECIES OF FIN FISH-OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS (PETERS 1852), OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS NILOTICUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) AND LABIDOCHROMIS CAERULEUS (FRYER, 1956)

In India, aquaculture plays an important role in the national economy and in the socioeconomic development of the country. Fish production prevents malnutrition in least developed countries. It helps in the war against global hunger and extreme poverty. Tilapia is farmed in at least 85 countries, with most production coming from the developing countries of Asia and Latin America. In this study, Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analyses were done for three cichlid species of fin fishes Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia), Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (GIFT) and Labidochromis caeruleus ( Banana cichlid). The characterization results were used for the construction of Phylogenetic tree using PyElph software to evaluate the evolutionary relationship between the species. This work briefly explains some evidences of molecular taxonomy of three cichlid species of fin fishes and also reveals the relationship among the tilapia species and evaluation of polymorphogenetic and polyphylogenetic relationship.
Isolation and Characterization of (4Z, 12Z) -Cyclopentadeca-4, 12- Dienone from Indian Medicinal Plant Grewia hirsuta and its Hyperglycemic Effect on 3T3 and L6 Cell Lines

The current investigation deals with the isolation followed characterization o f (4Z, 12Z)-cyclopentadeca-4, 12-dienone from the plant Grewia hirsuta, which possesses significant hypoglycemic potential. The plant leaves were extracted with solvent and its chemical components were separated using different chromatographic techniques s uch as TLC and column chromatography. The separated fractions were tested for their antidiabetic potential by α-amylase inhibitory assay. Further, the structure of the compound with significant α-amylase inhibitory potential was confirmed by spectroscopic methods including UV, FTIR, 1H, 13C NMR and the accurate mass determination was carried out using the Q -TOF mass spectrometer. In addition, the antidiabetic activity of the purified compound was evaluated on 3T3 and L6 cell line by MTT assay. The results of the study prove that the leaves of the selected plant Grewia hirsuta contains a potent antidiabetic compound (4Z, 12Z)-cyclopentadeca-4, 12-dienone.