Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of external and internal injuries to the neck structure in cases of hanging

Introduction: Asphyxia could occur in various situations like: Traumatic asphyxia, Hanging, Choking, Smothering, Strangulation, poisoning, etc. There are both external and internal general features to diagnose fatal asphyxia macroscopically such as: a) External (i) ligature mark (ii) congestion, cyanosis & petechial hemorrhages. b) Internal – fluidity of blood, dilatation of right chamber of heart and visceral congestion. Materials and Methods: An observational Cross sectional study was carried out in Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad. A total 58 cases of fatal neck compression were included in this study during. All the cases with alleged history of fatal neck compression were included in the study, except where the dead body was severely decomposed, that would effect the observation of findings. In study the aim was to find out the different associated lesions, injuries / fracture of the organo-complex of the larynx, bleeds in the tongue, hemorrhage in the tonsils and tonsilar beds. Results: Majority cases of hanging were seen in young adult age group of 20 ± 30 years. The overall male : female ratio in cases of hanging was 11:1. Majority cases of hanging were suicidal. Neck compression and hanging were seen between time interval of 6 + AM to 12 noon. Congestion of the face was observed in 60.86%. Hemorrhage in Sub-conjunctiva, strap muscle, tongue, epiglottis and tonsil were seen in 13%, 23.91%, 13.04%, 20% and 15.21% cases respectively. Hyoid bone fracture was present in 13.04% while thyroid cartilage fracture was present in 4.34%. Conclusion: According to the present study hanging is more common in young adults mostly suicidal in nature. congestion of face is most significant external feature in hanging while tonsillar heamorrage is significant internal feature. Keywords: Hanging, Asphaxia, External neck injury, Internal neck injury, Ligature mark.
Two New Species of Echinobothrium (Cestoda: Diphyllidea) from Batoids off South Africa

ABSTRACT: Examination of the bycatch from a hake survey off the coast of South Africa in 2010 yielded new diphyllidean tapeworms from 2 species of batoids not previously examined for this cestode order. The spotted skate, Raja straeleni (Rajidae), was found to host Echinobothrium dorothyae n. sp. , which differs in hook formula from 37 of its 43 congeners, and can be distinguished from the 6 remaining species in features such as length, number and arrangement of testes, and number of cephalic peduncle spines. The second new species, Echinobothrium dougbermani n. sp. , was collected from the lesser guitarfish, Rhinobatos annulatus (Rhinobatidae). This species differs from all but 6 of its congeners in hook formula. With respect to these 6 species, it differs in numbers of cephalic peduncle spines, testes and proglottids, overall size, and ovary shape. Furthermore, it bears lateral hooklets that are more posterior in position relative to the apical hooks than is seen in most of its congeners. Scanning electron microscopy of these 2 species highlights ultrastructural differences that exist among diphyllideans, which, although their complete taxonomic distribution and function(s) are not yet understood, are interesting to consider. These are: the presence or absence of a spinithrix-lacking “V” shaped region on the medial distal bothrial surface, variation in spinithrix form from anterior to posterior on the proximal bothrial surface, and surface elaborations in the form of tiny, ridgelike structures of varying length that may or may not anastomose with one another. The relatively random nature of the selection of the skates and guitarfish hosts sampled here supports the notion that the small percentage of species in these genera that are currently known to host diphyllideans, and likely also their respective families Rajidae and Rhinobatidae, are likely a result of a lack of sampling.
Horizontal and vertical complexity of attached and free‐living bacteria of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, determined by 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA fingerprints

The community structure of attached and free‐living bacteria in the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean Sea) was analyzed with use of terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) fingerprinting. Since the Aegean Sea is characterized by rather small temperature fluctuations between surface and deep‐water layers, it represents an ideal study site to determine the variations in the community structure of bacteria with depth, since environmental factors other than temperature are likely to determine depth zonation of bacteria. The analysis of 132 T‐RFLP electropherograms indicated pronounced differences among the attached and free‐living bacterial communities defined as operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Distinct vertical differences of attached and free‐living OTUs were found between mesopelagic waters (>200 m depth) and the upper mixed water column (~10–200 m). Attached and free‐living OTUs differed considerably throughout the water column, with only ~35% for the South Aegean and ~24% for the North Aegean of all OTUs in both free‐living and attached OTUs. Approximately 50% of attached and free‐living OTUs were present throughout the water column. Fingerprinting analysis using 16S rRNA indicated that only ~14% of the attached and ~33% of the free‐living OTUs were identical to the 16S rDNA fingerprints. The distribution of free‐living versus attached bacteria as obtained in this study suggests that even in the absence of temperature as a major selective factor, a distinct deep‐water bacterial community exists (particularly in the free‐living mode). The deep‐water free‐living bacterial community appears to be as compositionally complex as the surface water free‐living bacterial community.
Genomic Organization, Intronic Duplications, and Promoter Characteristics of the Fast Skeletal Myosin Light Chain-2 Gene (mlc2f) from Javanese Ricefish Oryzias javanicus

The present study characterized the fast skeletal myosin light chain-2 gene (mlc2f) in the euryhaline Javanese ricefish (Oryzias javanicus: Beloniformes). Coding nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of Javanese ricefish mlc2f were well conserved in the vertebrate lineage. Javanese ricefish mlc2f showed a typical seven-exon structure, and its promoter exhibited transcription factor binding motifs common to most muscle-specific genes. However, Javanese ricefish mlc2f also displayed tandem duplications of intronic sequences in both intron 1 and intron 3. Based on quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the mlc2f transcripts were highly predominant in skeletal muscles of adults and were differentially modulated during embryonic development. Microinjection of the mlc2f promoter-driven red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporter construct successfully exhibited heterologous expression of the fluorescent reporter, primarily in muscular areas of hatchlings, although the distribution pattern of RFP signals was not uniform due to the mosaic nature of the introduced transgene. Data from this study indicate that the Javanese ricefish mlc2f gene has undergone “intra-intronic” duplication events in a species-specific manner and that the mlc2f regulator may also be useful in heterologous expression assays of the skeletal muscles of this species.
Influence of rootstock on fruit entity, quality and antioxidant properties of fresh apricots (cv. ‘Pisana’)

The influence of two commercial Prunus rootstocks (‘Myrabolan 29/C’ and apricot ‘Seedling’) on fruit entity and quality of ‘Pisana’ apricot cultivar (Prunus armeniaca L.) was evaluated over two consecutive crop seasons. The effect of rootstock on the total antioxidant capacity, total phenols and physical-chemical traits of fresh apricots was studied at the ready-to-eat stage and after 14 days at 4 °C cold storage. The rootstocks had no significant influence on the flowering and fruiting entity but affected some fruit quality traits. The ‘Myrabolan 29/C’ appeared to induce the highest fruit weight, total antioxidant capacity and total phenols. The results showed an important role of the climatic conditions in determining the fruit antioxidant content. A drought ripening period improved the antioxidant potential of fruit independently of the rootstock. After cold storage, apricot fruits maintained good levels of antioxidants.
Effects of halo and phytohormone seed priming on germination and seedling growth of maize under different duration of accelerated ageing treatment

Seed ageing is a main problem of seed storage. Unsuitable storage conditions with high moisture and temperature increases seed ageing. In fact, seed ageing results in the decrease of seed quality. Seed priming is known as a seed enhancement treatment which could improve seed germination and germination synchrony in many of crops. In this experiment we investigated effects of seed ageing, application of phytohormone and KNO3 on aged corn seeds. In order to improve germination characteristics in aged seeds phytohormone treatment using different gibberlline concentration (50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 ppm) and KNO3 (0.5, 1, 2.5 and 4%) were used. Results of study showed significant difference in aged seeds. It was also observed that with higher ageing duration, more germination characteristics decreased. Gibberlline at 400 ppm increased germination characteristics in aged seeds and had a positive effect on seed germination of aged corn seeds. KNO3 also had positive effects on seed germination of aged seed. This was higher in application of 0.5% KNO3 for 8 h and 2.5% for 24 h. Based on our results, it was suggested that seed ageing for higher duration could significantly decrease seed quality. Using seed enhancement treatments like seed priming or application of phytohormone could improve aged and non-aged seed performance especially for high aged seeds.
Lineage recording of zebrafish embryogenesis reveals historical and ongoing lineage commitments

It has been challenging to characterize the lineage relationships among cells in vertebrates, which comprise a great number of cells. Fortunately, recent progress has been made by combining the CRISPR barcoding system with single-cell sequencing technologies to provide an unprecedented opportunity to track lineage at single-cell resolution. However, due to errors and/or dropouts introduced by amplification and sequencing, reconstruction of accurate lineage relationships in complex organisms remains a challenge. Thus, improvements in both experimental design and computational analysis are necessary for lineage inference. In this study, we employed single-cell Lineage tracing On Endogenous Scarring Sites (scLOESS), a lineage recording strategy based on the CRISPR-Cas9 system, to trace cell fate commitments for zebrafish larvae. With rigorous quality control, we demonstrated that lineage commitments of complex organisms could be inferred from a limited number of barcoding sites. Together with cell-type characterization, our method could homogenously recover lineage information. In combination with the cell-type and lineage information, we depicted the development histories for germ layers as well as cell types. Furthermore, when combined with trajectory analysis, our methods could capture and resolve the ongoing lineage commitment events to gain further biological insights into later development and differentiation in complex organisms.
Expectations affect the perception of material properties

Many objects that we encounter have typical material qualities: spoons are hard, pillows are soft, and Jell-O dessert is wobbly. Over a lifetime of experiences, strong associations between an object and its typical material properties may be formed, and these associations not only include how glossy, rough, or pink an object is, but also how it behaves under force: we expect knocked over vases to shatter, popped bike tires to deflate, and gooey grilled cheese to hang between two slices of bread when pulled apart. Here we ask how such rich visual priors affect the visual perception of material qualities and present a particularly striking example of expectation violation. In a cue conflict design, we pair computer-rendered familiar objects with surprising material behaviors (a linen curtain shattering, a porcelain teacup wrinkling, etc.) and find that material qualities are not solely estimated from the object's kinematics (i.e., its physical [atypical] motion while shattering, wrinkling, wobbling etc.); rather, material appearance is sometimes “pulled” toward the “native” motion, shape, and optical properties that are associated with this object. Our results, in addition to patterns we find in response time data, suggest that visual priors about materials can set up high-level expectations about complex future states of an object and show how these priors modulate material appearance.
Photosynthesis in Coffea arabica. II. Effects of Water Stress

SUMMARY Experiments were carried out to relate soil moisture to leaf water potential (Ψ1), and to determine the effects of varying Ψ1, on leaf conductances and photosynthesis in coffee. Stomatal conductance was maximum at 0900 h, but plants growing in drier soil showed marked mid-day stomatal closure. After 1500 h, stomata began closing although plant water status improved. Photosynthesis in relation to changing Ψ1 appeared to exhibit roughly three different rates. At the fixed experimental temperature (25°C) low Ψ1 reduced photosynthesis throughits influence on stomata, but under field conditions low Ψ1 and an accompanying rise in temperature could lower the rate by lowering both mesophyll and stomatal conductances.
Seasonal changes in hydraulic conductance, xylem embolism and leaf area in Eucalyptus tetrodonta and Eucalyptus miniata saplings in a north Australian savanna

Eucalypt saplings in north Australian savannas commonly die back, sometimes to ground level, during the 5 months of the long dry season. Water potentials are lower in saplings than large trees during the dry season, and we hypothesized that low water potentials may lead to high levels of xylem embolism and consequent death of branches and whole shoots. As the dry season progressed, hydraulic conductance of terminal branches decreased by 50% in Eucalyptus tetrodonta but not in Eucalyptus miniata saplings. Hydraulic conductance per leaf area decreased seasonally by 34% in E. tetrodonta branches. These decreases may be associated with the loss of leaves recorded from E. tetrodonta but not E. miniata branches. We modelled the effect of sequential loss of parallel resistors, representing petioles on a branch. This showed there is a non-linear decrease in flow as basal resistors are lost, which can lead to a decrease in mean flow per resistor due to increased mean path-length. Thus the observed loss of basal leaves, together with xylem embolism, probably contributed to the seasonal loss of hydraulic conductance in E. tetrodonta saplings. Loss of hydraulic conductance due to xylem embolism was generally low (< 15%) in both species, and the seasonal increase in embolism could not fully account for the decline in hydraulic conductance of E. tetrodonta branches. There was little evidence that branch and shoot death was caused by these levels of embolism. Developing an embolism vulnerability curve for species with long vessels is problematic and this issue is discussed.
Green Industrial Policy in Emerging Countries

1. Why We Need a Green Industrial Policy Anna Pegels 2. Rent Management Capabilities for the Green Transformation Oliver Johnson, Tilman Altenburg and Hubert Schmitz 3. Implementing Green Industrial Policy Anna Pegels and Bastian Becker 4. Green Industrial Policies in China: The example of solar energy Doris Fischer 5. Rent Management and Policy Learning in Green Technology Development: The case of solar energy in India Tilman Altenburg, Oliver Johnson and Tobias Engelmeier 6. The Politics of South African Renewable Energy Support Anna Pegels 7. Reforming Fossil-Fuel Subsidy Regimes in the Middle East and North African Countries Georgeta Vidican 8. Lessons for Successful Green Industrial Policy Anna Pegels
A Convolutional Neural Network and R-Shiny App for Automated Identification and Classification of Animal Sounds

The use of passive acoustic monitoring in wildlife ecology has increased dramatically in recent years as researchers take advantage of improvements in automated recording units and associated technologies. These technologies have allowed researchers to collect large quantities of acoustic data which must then be processed to extract meaningful information, e.g. target species detections. A persistent issue in acoustic monitoring is the challenge of processing these data most efficiently to automate the detection of species of interest, and deep learning has emerged as a powerful approach to achieve these objectives. Here we report on the development and use of a deep convolutional neural network for the automated detection of 14 forest-adapted species by classifying spectrogram images generated from short audio clips. The neural network has improved performance compared to models previously developed for some of the target classes. Our neural network performed well for most species and at least satisfactory for others. To improve portability and usability by field biologists, we developed a graphical interface for the neural network that can be run through RStudio using the Shiny package, creating a highly portable solution to efficiently process audio data closer to the point of collection and with minimal delays using consumer-grade computers.
The Effect of Leadership and Teamwork on ISD Project Success

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze how the quality of leadership and teamwork influences project success in information systems development (ISD). The proposed research model endeavors to substantiate the heterogeneity of project success in the public and private sectors to assist project managers. We surveyed experienced Korean project managers in both the public and private sectors and applied a partial least squares method to the data to empirically prove our hypotheses. According to the results, the network governance, entrepreneur, and transactional leadership styles have a significant and positive influence on teamwork quality, while teamwork is a mediator that determines an ISD project’s success. The comparative analysis of the public and private sectors showed that transactional and entrepreneurial leadership styles are efficient in ISD projects in the public sector, while transformational and network governance leadership styles are more appropriate in the private sector.
Joint Beamforming and Power Allocation for Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks With Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

In this paper, we propose a joint optimization design for a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based satellite-terrestrial integrated network (STIN), where a satellite multicast communication network shares the millimeter wave spectrum with a cellular network employing NOMA technology. By assuming that the satellite uses multibeam antenna array and the base station employs uniform planar array, we first formulate a constrained optimization problem to maximize the sum rate of the STIN while satisfying the constraint of per-antenna transmit power and quality-of-service requirements of both satellite and cellular users. Since the formulated optimization problem is NP-hard and mathematically intractable, we develop a novel user pairing scheme so that more than two users can be grouped in a cluster to exploit the NOMA technique. Based on the user clustering, we further propose to transform the non-convex problem into an equivalent convex one, and present an iterative penalty function-based beamforming (BF) scheme to obtain the BF weight vectors and power coefficients with fast convergence. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach in comparison with the existing works.
Değişik Meyvelerden Üretilen Pekmezlerin Bileşim Unsurları Üzerine Araştırma

Bu arastirmada, ulkemizde yaygin olarak uretilen uzum, dut, incir ve keciboynuzu pekmezlerin bilesim unsurlari belirlendi. Arastirma sonuclarina gore; uzum pekmezinde, toplam kurumadde (%79.30), suda cozunur kurumadde (%75.0), fruktoz (%34.42), glukoz (%34.99), toplam kul (%3.83), K (978 mg/100 g), P (87 mg/100 g), Hunter L degeri (19,33), Hunter b degeri (0.64)'in, keciboynuzu pekmezinde, toplam seker (%68.79), formol sayisi (11), sakaroz (%44.38), alkali sayisi (14.12), Hunter a degeri (0.68)'in, incir pekmezinde, titrasyon asitligi (%1.008), HMF (33.6 mg/kg), kul atkalitesi (27.32), Ca (562 mg/100 g), Mg (94 mg/100 g), Na (88 mg/100 g), Fe (1.86 mg/100 g), Mn (1.20 mg/100g), Zn (0.63 mg/100 g)'un, dut pekmezinde ise Cu (0.49 mg/100 g) ile pH (5.56) 'nin en yuksek deger aldigi saptanmistir.
A rare predator exploits prey escape behavior: the role of tail-fanning and plumage contrast in foraging of the painted redstart (Myioborus pictus)

Escape response, triggered by an approaching predator, is a common antipredatory adaptation of arthropods against insectivores. The painted redstart, Myioborus pictus, represents insectivorous birds that exploit such antipredatory behaviors by flushing, chasing, and preying upon flushed arthropods. In field experiments I showed that redstarts evoke jump and flight in prey by spreading wings and tail: this display increased frequency of aerial chases by redstarts. Artificial models with spread tails also elicited escape responses more often than models with closed tails and wings. The white patches on black wings and tails additionally help: the frequency of chases decreased when the white patches were covered with black dye. Black models also tended to elicit escape response less often than black-and-white models did, at least in some situations. Hence, the prey’s ability to detect birds and to flee could cause the evolution of predators specialized at using conspicuous behavior and contrast in body coloration to elicit and exploit such antipredatory responses. Redstarts constitute only a small proportion of the predatory guild, and their adaptations to exploit the prey’s behavior illustrate the theoretically modeled ‘‘rare enemy’’ effect present in multispecies predator–prey systems. This is the first experimental study of morphological and behavioral adaptations of a rare predator that both elicits and exploits antipredator escape behavior of its prey against more common predators. Hence, the study documents a behavior that could be evolutionarily explained only if indirect interactions in predator–prey communities are taken into account.