Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for low birth weight: a case control study in Ludhiana Punjab.

BACKGROUND: Half of all perinatal and one third of all infant deaths are directly or indirectly related to LBW making it an important target for public health interventions which entails a clear understanding of the multi-factorial origins of LBW. It is therefore considered a crucial area for epidemiological investigations. OBJECTIVES: To identify significant risk factors for LBW in women delivering in a teaching hospital with a view to suggest ways to minimize the incidence of LBW in this population. METHOD: Case control study. 50 cases (LBW newborns) and 100 controls (normal birth weight newborns) born in Christian Medical College Hospital Ludhiana were studied. The data was analyzed in Epi-Info software. Statistical analysis included the exposure rates in percentages for the risk factors under study the Odds Ratio and its 95% Confidence Interval. Multivariate analysis was also carried out using SPSS software to assess the association of LBW with individual risk factors while controlling for the others. RESULTS: Primi parity prematurity antenatal complications and maternal weight gain < 10 Kg during the pregnancy were found to be significant risk factors for LBW. Multivariate analysis reinforced these findings while markedly strengthening the association of primiparity with LBW and also identifying maternal height < 155 cms as a significant risk factor for LBW. CONCLUSIONS: The study underscores the need for improving maternal nutritional and providing better antenatal care by implementing the risk approach particularly in the primigravida. (authors)
In reply

We read with interest the article by Monfort and colleagues regarding the identification of plasticizers excreted in urine as a result of autologous blood transfusions, in which they proposed this as a reliable approach to detect autologous blood transfusion in athletes. In the experimental design of that study, autologous transfusion of refrigerated red blood cells (RBCs) was performed in moderately trained subjects and urine samples were collected. Although this and similar efforts to detect this challenging form of blood doping are indeed welcomed, two factors need to be considered that may reduce the effectiveness of this approach. Recent reports that reinfusion of frozen RBCs produce larger net gains in hemoglobin compared with the baseline value than the reinfusion of refrigerated RBCs may presage more frequent use of frozen storage. Usually, RBCs are stored frozen by adding a glycerol solution; before reinfusion, thawed units are deglycerolized and washed. Therefore, any plasticizer that may have accumulated in the supernatant will be reduced substantially in concentration. Furthermore, the time during which the RBCs are stored at refrigerator temperatures in contact with plasticizer-containing plastics both before freezing and after thawing will affect the accumulation of plasticizer, and limitation of these periods would further reduce the sensitivity of the technique in detecting doping. It is thereby likely that prereinfusion deglycerolization and washing of frozen blood bags might be effective to remove most of any remaining accumulated plasticizers. Similarly, prereinfusion washing might be applied to refrigerated autologous units, reducing the concentration in the supernatant to undetectable levels after reinfusion. Although the administration of frozen blood is inherently more complex and expensive, the possibility of its use in sports should be considered when establishing reliable assays to identify blood doping through autologous blood transfusion. While washing would reduce plasticizer levels in the supernatant, refrigerated RBCs would have accumulated some di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Analysis of RBC membranes (ghosts), as also allowed by the modern hemocytometers (i.e., the variable “RBC ghosts”), might still allow detection of exposure to DEHP and thus of doping.
The Galactic Gamma-ray Source Population between 10 GeV and 50 TeV

This work studies the population of Galactic gamma-ray sources between 10 GeV and 50 TeV. In the first part the data taken by the H.E. S.S. Galatic Plane Survey (HGPS) above ∼ 200 GeV is re-analysed using a Poisson Maximum Likelihood based detection method. In this process a catalog of gamma-ray sources as well as a model of the large-scale emission in the Galaxy is created. In total 78 individual sources are detected, of which 31 can be clearly identified. For the remaining objects possible associations with known pulsar wind nebulae, supernova remnants and energetic pulsars are listed. The investigation of the whole source population reveals a variety of objects, that cover a size range from point source up to radii ∼ 1◦. The measured fluxes range from 0.6% to 103% of the flux of the Crab Nebula. The analysis of the longitude, latitude and Log N – Log S distribution of the sources shows a picture of the population that is compatible with the distribution of energetic pulsars, supernova remnnants and CO Gas in the Galaxy. The completeness of this picture is currently limited by the sensitivity of the telescopes. In the second part of this work the results from the HGPS analysis are systematically compared to high energy observations of the Fermi-LAT satellite. For this purpose images in three energy bands are computed (10 30 GeV, 30 -100 GeV und 100 2000 GeV) from the Fermi-LAT data and combined into colored RGB images. The qualitative comparison of the images as well as image-based flux profiles against the HGPS measurement shows good agreement in many regions. Individual regions with differences are then discussed in detail. The systematic measurement of fluxes of HGPS sources in the range between 10 GeV and 2 TeV yields significant emission for 55 objects, among 9 objects previously not known as GeV sources. A detailed examination of those cases shows source confusion on the GeV side as limiting factor for the detection.
Loss-averse supply chain decisions with a capital constrained retailer

In real-world transactions, capital constraints restrict the rapid development of the enterprises in the supply chain. The loss aversion behaviors of enterprises directly affect the decision making. This paper investigates the optimal decisions of both the supplier and the capital constrained retailer being loss aversion decision makers under different financing strategies. The capital constrained retailer may borrow from a bank or use the supplier's trade credit to satisfy uncertain demand. With a wholesale price contract, we analytically solve the unique Stackelberg equilibrium under two financing schemes. We derive the critical wholesale price that determines the retailer's financing preference. We identify the impacts of the loss aversion coefficients and initial capital level on the operational and financing decisions. Numerical examples reveal that there exists a Pareto improvement zone regarding the retailer's loss aversion coefficient and initial capital level.
Online Calibration of a Joint Model of Item Responses and Response Times in Computerized Adaptive Testing

With the widespread use of computers in modern assessment, online calibration has become increasingly popular as a way of replenishing an item pool. The present study discusses online calibration strategies for a joint model of responses and response times. The study proposes likelihood inference methods for item paramter estimation and evaluates their performance along with optimal sampling procedures. An extensive simulation study indicates that the proposed online calibration strategies perform well with relatively small samples (e.g., 500∼800 examinees). The analysis of estimated parameters suggests that response time information can be used to improve the recovery of the response model parameters. Among a number of sampling methods investigated, A-optimal sampling was found most advantageous when the item parameters were weakly correlated. When the parameters were strongly correlated, D-optimal sampling tended to achieve the most accurate parameter recovery. The study provides guidelines for deciding sampling design under a specific goal of online calibration given the characteristics of field-testing items.
Higher Spin Algebras and Universal Enveloping Algebras

Higher spin algebras, arising from the study of the underlying global symmetries of massless higher-spin particles in physics, have become an interesting area in mathematics since people realised these algebras are deeply related to the theory of minimal representations. A well-studied special one-parameter family hs[λ] is shown to be equivalent to a quotient of the universal enveloping algebra (UEA) of sl2. In this thesis, we review the results on hs[λ] with some modifications and then construct new higher spin algebras from the UEA of the semi-direct product sl2 n V2. In addition, we also study the centralisers in the UEA of sl2 n Vm for other values of m in preparation to construct more higher spin algebras.
EFFECT OF CROP GEOMETRY ON GROWTH, YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF RABI GROUNDNUT

A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Agricultural Research Station, Utukur, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in RBD design with eight spacings viz., 22.5 cm x10 cm, 20 cm x10 cm, 17.5 cm x10 cm, 15cm x 10 cm, 22.5 cm x 8 cm, 20 cm x 8 cm, 17.5 cm x 8 cm and 15cm x 8 cm with three replicates. The test variety kadiri- 6 (popular variety grown during rabi season) was sown on 16 th and 20 th October 2017 and 2018 respectively. Results of present study revealed that planting groundnut in narrow spacing of 15cm x 8 cm have higher pod yield of 3981 kg ha -1 ( 19% more compared to recommended spacing 22.5 cm x10 cm) which was significantly not differ from 15 cm x10 cm (3801 kg ha -1 ) spacing. Planting groundnut in narrow spacing increases the seed rate by 150 kg ha -1 while the net monetary benefit was of Rs 18000/- ha -1 . From the results of study it can be concluded that narrow spacing is best option for ground nut crop in rabi season.
A unified model of a spinning disc centrifugal spreader

A mathematical model was built of the motion of fertilizer particles on the spinning disc and in the air. The Langevin’s stochastic differential equation was applied to describe the random disturbances affecting fertilizer particles moving on the disc spreader. The verification of experimental results showed good agreement with the simulation results obtained from the stochastic model. Our results bring new cognitive value in the field of process modeling of mineral fertilizers spreading with disc spreaders and can be used to improve the existing spreaders as well as to design new ones.
Powder Metallurgy Mg-Sn alloys: Production and characterization

In this study, Mg-Sn alloys were produced through the powder metallurgy (P/M) method by adding Sn in different ratios into Mg powder. A new mixing technique has been used in production to prevent the disadvantages of high reactivity that the Mg powders have. The prepared powder mixtures were turned into components by processing through hot pressing. The produced components were characterized by density measurements, microstructure examinations and mechanical tests. The density measurements were made according to the Archimedes principle. The microstructural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analyses. The hardness measurements and the tensile tests were used for the determination of mechanical properties. Densities close to the theoretical density were obtained in the produced parts. XRD and SEM investigations have shown that the components produced are composed of α-Mg and Mg2Sn phases of the microstructure consisting of coaxial grains. The rising Sn content increased the amount of discrete Mg2Sn precipitates at the grain boundaries, thereby ensuring higher hardness and strength values.
Sedimentation analysis of columnar ice crystals in viscous flow regimes

The sedimentation process of columnar ice crystals was evaluated using data obtained by the lattice Boltzmann method. The data used correspond to columnar ice crystals with maximum dimension less than 100 μm and aspect ratios between 1 and 3. The terminal velocity was computed for different ice‐crystal bulk densities and for three falling orientations. The analysis corresponds to ice crystals falling in viscous flow regimes, where theoretical formulations overestimate the terminal velocity. Different characteristic lengths of columnar ice crystals and different theoretical proposals for the sedimentation process were tested in order to find the best representation of the data. Characteristic lengths reported in the literature do not represent the sedimentation process for all the falling orientations used in this study. Thus, it was not possible to obtain a unique relation between the Best and Reynolds numbers. In particular, columnar ice crystals falling with their longer dimension parallel to the vertical direction show a large dispersion that it does not seem possible to reduce. The theoretical and semi‐empirical formulations of the terminal velocity evaluated show large deviations in the computed velocity, with a strong dependence on ice‐crystal aspect ratio. The dispersion observed seems to be intrinsically related to the dimensionless variables used to parametrize the terminal velocity. To derive a unique scale law that could represent the sedimentation process of ice crystals, geometric, kinematic, and dynamic similarities are required. However, these conditions are not fulfilled in the sedimentation process.
Extreme Drought Events over Brazil from 2011 to 2019

Drought-related disasters are among the natural disasters that are able to cause large economic and social losses. In recent years, droughts have affected different regions of Brazil, impacting water, food, and energy security. In this study, we used the Integrated Drought Index (IDI), which combines a meteorological-based drought index and remote sensing-based index, to assess the drought events from 2011 to 2019 over Brazil. During this period, drought events were observed throughout the country, being most severe and widespread between the years 2011 and 2017. In most of the country, the 2014/15 hydrological year stands out due to the higher occurrence of severe and moderate droughts. However, drought intensity and observed impacts were different for each region, which is shown by the different case studies, assessing different types of impacts caused by drought in Brazil. Thus, it is fundamental to evaluate the impacts of droughts in a continental country such as Brazil, where a variety of vegetation, soil, land use, and especially different climate regimes predominate.
CRUDE OIL PRICE AND EXCHANGE RATE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE ASYMMETRIC EFFECT AND VOLATILITY USING THE NON LINEAR AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG AND GENERAL AUTOREGRESSIVE CONDITIONAL HETEROCHEDASTICITY IN MEAN MODELS

This study aims to examine the asymmetric effect of crude oil price and volatility on exchange rate. The price of WTI crude oil is a proxy for crude oil, while IDR/USD exchange rate is a proxy for exchange rate. The time series of both WTI crude oil price and IDR/USD exchange rate span the period of January 2006 to December 2017. To test the asymmetric effect, the NARDL-GARCH-M model is used. The results of the analysis show that in the short-term there is an asymmetric effect of crude oil price and volatility on the IDR/USD exchange rate while in the long-term such effect does not exist.
Sufficient dimension folding in regression via distance covariance for matrix‐valued predictors

In modern data, when predictors are matrix/array‐valued, building a reasonable model is much more difficult due to the complicate structure. However, dimension folding that reduces the predictor dimensions while keeps its structure is critical in helping to build a useful model. In this paper, we develop a new sufficient dimension folding method using distance covariance for regression in such a case. The method works efficiently without strict assumptions on the predictors. It is model‐free and nonparametric, but neither smoothing techniques nor selection of tuning parameters is needed. Moreover, it works for both univariate and multivariate response cases. In addition, we propose a new method of local search to estimate the structural dimensions. Simulations and real data analysis support the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
PENGARUH NAUNGAN DAN BERBAGAI MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SELADA (Lactuca sativa L.)

The objective of this research is to find out the influence of shield and some planting medium toward the growth and production of lettuce plant. This research uses split plot design with 3 times repetition. The treatment consists of 2 main compartments and 6 sub compartments. The main compartment is a shield that consists of two levels which are N1 (0% shield) and N2 (50% shield). Sub compartment is a growth media this consists of six levels which are M0 (soil), M1 (soil + sand 1:1), M2 (soil + charcoal 1:1), M3 (soil + chickenrun 1:1), M4 (Soil + goat stall fertilizer 1:1), M5 (Soil + cow hause fertilizer 1:1). The abserved parameter are temperature and humidity, plant height, leaf number, leaf wide, wet weight of the plant, wet weight of tree, wet weight of root, dry weight of plant, dry weight of tree, and dry weight of root. The research result shows that the combination of 0% shield and planting medium + chickenrun fertilizer has significant influence toward all the production component of the plant. Key Words: Chickenrun, Cow Hause Fertilizer and Husk Charcoal
The central light-year of the Milky Way: How stars and gas live in a relativistic environment of a super-massive black hole

The central region of our Milky Way is extremely active. It harbors the closest galactic nucleus that is accessible to us allowing us to study it in fine detail. Here we present a consice summary of some of the most recent results obtained with state of the art instruments providing sensitive measurements at their highest angular resolution. The central star cluster harbors a small cusp of high velocity mostly young and dusty stars that are in orbit around the 4 million solar mass super massive black hole (SMBH) Sagittarius A* (SgrA*). Molecular and atomic gas is streaming towards this region in the form of a spiral connecting it to the Circum Nuclear Ring. Using the Large Atacama Millimeter Array (ALMA) we investigated the kinematics and composition of this material in detail highlighting signatures of star formation and the interaction with a wind emerging form the direction of SgrA*. Using results from the Very Large Telescope (VLT) we will highlight the dynamics of the ultra-fast stars and present theories on their origin. We demonstrate that one of the innermost stars shows clear signs of relativistic motion in the deep potential well of the SMBH. The interaction of plasma with SgrA* reveals that matter is orbiting and is being accreted onto the SMBH to produce powerful flares. These are detectable all across the electromagnetic spectrum and help us to understand the region close to the event horizon of SgrA* which is currently under investigation using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT).
Asymptotic Behavior and Collision Avoidance in the Cucker–Smale Model

For the long-range-communicated Cucker–Smale (C–S) model, asymptotic flocking can be obtained by taking full use of a key equality about the kinetic energy. However, such behavior does not exist for the short-range-communicated C–S model with general initial data. In this note, we first establish a new equality about the second-order velocity-position moments for general C–S models. Then, we use this equality to deduce a new type of asymptotic behavior for the short-range-communicated C–S model. Such behavior not only reflects an essential feature of the short-range communication weight, but also has some potential applications in the complex multicluster problem. Besides, collision avoidance is also obtained for the C–S model with some singular short-range communication weights.
Acute physical dependence in naloxone-precipitated withdrawal methadone humans: repeated after a single dose of

This paper reports the intensity and duration of acute physical dependence precipitated by naloxone administration following a single pretreatment with the opioid agonist methadone (30 mg/70 kg, i.m.) in six non-dependent human volunteers with histories of prior opioid abuse. In a within-subject cross-over design, challenges of the antagonist naloxone (0.5-1.0 mg, i.m.) were administered at 6, 30 and 54 h, 30 and 54 h, or at only 54 h after methadone pretreatment. Acute physical dependence, as indicated by physiologic, subjective, and observer rated withdrawal, was seen in all subjects following active naloxone administration, was of nearly uniform intensity for a period of 6-54 h after acute methadone administration, and was not attenuated by prior naloxone administration.
Improved lower bound for the number of unimodular zeros of self-reciprocal polynomials with coefficients in a finite set

Let $n_1 0$ depending only on $\varepsilon > 0$ and$M = M(S)$. Our new result improves the exponent $1/2 - \varepsilon$ in a recent result by Julian Sahasrabudhe to $1 - \varepsilon$. Sahasrabudhe's new idea [66] is combined with the approach used in [34] offering an essencially simplified way to achieve our improvement. We note that in both Sahasrabudhe's paper and our paper the assumption that the finite set $S$ contains only integers is deeply exploited.
Droplet oscillation mechanism and its free surface behavior on impacting a heated hydrophobic surface at low Weber numbers

Abstract Oscillation mechanism and free surface behavior of micro-droplets (300, 400, and 500 µm in diameter), impinging on a dry, hydrophobic heated surface was investigated using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. It was observed that the droplets exhibit unique oscillation characteristics at low Weber numbers for different contact angles and surface temperatures. At higher contact angles, droplet deformation was retarded, and it tends to retain its shape. This increased its chances of bouncing away from the surface. With increasing surface temperature, the tendency of the droplet to bounce away from the surface also increased. The oscillation behavior was significantly influenced by droplet size, contact angle with the surface and by surface temperature. Larger sized droplets had lower oscillation frequency. An increase in contact angle or surface temperature led to the lowering of the oscillation frequency of droplets. However, droplet Weber number was found to have no significant effect on oscillation frequency. At these low value of Weber numbers, all droplet sizes investigated showed slightly under-damped harmonic motion with amplitude exponentially decaying toward zero.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN KINERJA KARYAWAN TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KARIR DI PERUSAHAAN (Studi Kasus di PT WB, Tbk Wilayah Penjualan III Jakarta)

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada PT WB dengan tujuan menganalisis pengaruh Kompetensi dan Kinerja Karyawan terhadap Pengembangan Karir di perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang industri konstruksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan sampel 100 responden sebagai sampel sekaligus populasi atau disebut sampel jenuh. Analisis data menggunakan metode regresi linier berganda untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kompetensi karyawan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengembangan karir karyawan dan kinerja karyawan juga memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengembangan karir karyawan.