Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of High Antioxidant Yoghurt Made from a Mixture of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Extract and Red Roses (Rosa damascena) Juice

: Introduction: Plant-based food products are gaining popularity and assumed to be healthier than animal-based ingredients products. Cashews, which contains a good source of vitamin E, and red roses, which contain vitamin C and anthocyanin, had a promising potential to be developed as desirable plant protein-based yogurt. Objective: to examine sensory properties and nutrients compositions of yogurt made from a different ratio of cashews nut extract (CNE) and red roses juice (RRJ). Methods: This experimental study developed four yogurt formulations. Formula 0/F0 (control) contains 100 ml CNE: 0 ml RRJ, F1 contains 75 ml CNE: 25 ml RRJ, F2 contains 50 ml CNE: 50 ml RRJ, and F3 contain 25 ml CNE: 75 ml RRJ. Sensory properties were assessed by 25 semi-panelists and 30 consumer panelists, nutrients composition, antioxidant activity, viscosity, pH, Total Acid and Total Plate Count (TPC) were analyzed in a food laboratory. One way ANOVA test was used to answer the research question. Results: F2 had high acceptance based on sensory properties while F3 had the highest antioxidant activity. Water, carbohydrate, protein and fat content significantly differed across the formulas. Conclusion: Cashew and red roses can be used to develop a high antioxidant and good sensory plant-based yogurt.
Effects of using puffed feather meal on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of red hybrid tilapia

A study was conducted using juvenile red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) for a 112-day feeding trial to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of the fish after been fed with practical diets containing 10 and 15% puffed feather meal. All the experimental feeds were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous using digestible values of the raw material. For growth parameter of weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), no significant difference was found (p>0.05) indicating that inclusion of up to 15% had no adverse effect on the growth performance of the red hybrid tilapia. Highest average weight gain and SGR were recorded in the control with 197.31±25.43g and 2.19±0.15%, respectively. Lowest FCR was also recorded in the control with a value of 1.55±0.12. Carcass analysis results of fillet percentage and whole body composition did not show significant different (p>0.05) among the test groups. This study showed that inclusion of up to 15% puffed feather meal in the diet of red hybrid tilapia has no detrimental effect on the growth and carcass quality.
Interaction between two solid surfaces across PDMS: influence of chain length and end group

Forces between solid surfaces across polymer melts are poorly understood despite their importance for adhesion and composite materials. Using an atomic force microscope (AFM) this force was measured for poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) on silicon oxide. The influence of molecular weight (4.0–40 kDa) was studied. Forces are attractive for low and repulsive for high molecular weight. In addition, changing the terminal methyl group for a hydroxyl group leads to an increased probability of bridging.
Estudo da especiação de arsênio inorgânico e determinação de arsênio total no monitoramento ambiental da qualidade de águas subterrâneas

This work reports an alternative, fast and robust method, for the determination of total As, As(III) and As(V) by HG-AAS without the use of prereductants. The method is based on the different rates of arsine formation of the inorganic As species and the effect of As(III) in the signal obtained for total As. Groundwater and mineral spiked waters were used to sample preservation evaluation. The method was validated by the determination of As in SRM 1640 and used in the determination of total As and its inorganic species in groundwater samples collected from mines in the Iron Quadrangle - MG.
Preserving Properties of Neural Networks by Perturbative Updates

Deep learning applications in physics usually require neural network architectures that obey certain symmetries and equivariances. Retaining such mathematical properties during training with stochastic gradient-based optimizers is a challenging task. To this end, we present a novel, general approach to preserve network properties by using parameterized perturbations. In lieu of directly optimizing the network parameters, the introduced P 4 update optimizes perturbations and merges them into the actual parameters infrequently such that the desired property is preserved. As a demonstration, we use this concept to preserve invertibility of linear layers during training. This P 4 Inv update allows keeping track of inverses and determinants using rank-one updates. We show how such invertible blocks improve mode separation when applied to normalizing ﬂows and Boltzmann generators.
The contribution of traditional vegetables to household food security in two communities of Vihiga and Migori Districts, Kenya

Household Food insecurity is a serious recurrent problem concerning Kenyan smallholding farmers for which hunger periods and/or nutritional deficiencies are frequent. Hunger periods are periods of time in which the stocks of food staples, such as maize or cassava, are finished and household food security relies on available cash. The overall goal of this study is to compare the current situation regarding household food security of two sites, in Vihiga and Migori Districts (Western Kenya and Nyanza Provinces respectively) which have different bio-physical, socio-economic and ethno-cultural characteristics. In addition, the role of agrobiodiversity, and more specifically diversity of traditional leafy vegetables, in dietary diversity and household food security is tested. Data collection was done mostly by conducting farm surveys. Three types regarding vulnerability in household food security were identified based on both off farm income (%) and self-sufficiency of staple food production. Dietary results show that maize contribution to energy recommended daily allowances is 59% in Vihiga and 71% in Migori site. Traditional vegetables are widely grown and consumed daily along with the staple maize meal: ugali, contributing to micronutrient intake. Priority traditional vegetables include Amaranthus sp. , Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. and Crotalaria sp. in Vihiga and Amaranthus sp. , Corchorus sp. and Solanum nigrum complex in Migori. Maize self sufficiency and diversity of traditional vegetables are higher in Migori than in Vihiga. Most vulnerable households in Vihiga have a triple unfavourable situation because during their long gap of maize stock cash is needed to buy maize and its prices are much higher due to the high demand. No direct link between agrobiodiversity and household food security has been found. Therefore the role of agrobiodiversity by itself, and more specifically the diversity of traditional vegetables, in household food security might be overrated. (Texte integral)
Rheology and texture of commercial Queso Fresco cheeses made from raw and pasteurized milk.

Queso Frescos made in Mexico from raw milk (RM) were compared with cheeses made in Mexico and the U.S.A. from pasteurized milk (PM) to determine textural and rheological differences. RM cheese, considered the ideal Queso Fresco, contained more moisture than PM cheeses, displayed higher cohesiveness and shear strain and exhibited lower hardness and shear stress. The U.S.-made cheeses were harder and more brittle and crumbly than the Mexican cheeses. The shear stress decreased as fat content increased in all samples, and the shear strain decreased as the pH increased in the Mexican cheeses. An understanding of the differences between the RM and PM versions should allow cheese makers to adjust manufacturing procedures so that PM Queso Fresco cheeses will meet consumer expectations. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Hispanic cheeses such as Queso Fresco are gaining in popularity in the U.S.A. The milk for making Queso Fresco in the U.S.A. must be pasteurized, and the resulting cheese is perceived by some consumers to be inferior in flavor and texture to the traditional variety made from raw milk. Queso Fresco samples made in Mexico from both kinds of milk and made in the U.S.A. from pasteurized milk were analyzed to see if there were differences in texture, structure, and the ability to twist and break pieces of the cheese. The cheeses made in the U.S.A. contained less moisture and were too hard, crumbly, and brittle when compared to the raw milk cheeses. The differences observed should enable U.S. companies to make Queso Fresco with properties close to those of the raw milk variety.
Management of the Cerrado soils of Brazil: a review

Summary A large proportion of the world tropical region is covered by savannas, which have been little used for agriculture. Locally known as Cerrado, this ecosystem occupies about 20% of Brazilian territory. Preliminary surveys indicate that at least 50 × 106 ha of the Cerrado are of potential use for intensive mechanized agriculture, but development has been limited by soil-related constraints. Most soils are acid and with very low native fertility, especially in terms of phosphorus. Chemical barriers to root growth may cause severe yield losses during dry periods. Field crop responses to lime and fertilizers, obtained during the last 5–8 years, show that once soil-related constraints are removed, high yields can be achieved. This review gives an account of the main lines of research which are leading to economic methods of developing the agricultural use of the Cerrado, and gives future research needs.
Metal Carbonation of Forsterite in Supercritical CO2 and H2O Using Solid State 29Si, 13C NMR Spectroscopy

Ex situ solid state NMR was used for the first time to study fundamental mineral carbonation processes and reaction extent relevant to geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) using a model silicate mineral forsterite (Mg2SiO4)+supercriticalCO2 with and without H2O. Run conditions were 80 C and 96 atm. 29Si NMR clearly shows that in the absence of CO2, the role of H2O is to hydrolyze surface Mg-O-Si bonds to produce dissolved Mg2+, and mono- and oligomeric hydroxylated silica species. Surface hydrolysis products contain only Q0 (Si(OH)4) and Q1(Si(OH)3OSi) species. An equilibrium between Q0, Q1 and Mg2+ with a saturated concentration equivalent to less than 3.2% of the Mg2SiO4 conversion is obtained at a reaction time of up to 7 days. Using scCO2 without H2O, no reaction is observed within 7 days. Using both scCO2 and H2O, the surface reaction products for silica are mainly Q3 (SiOH(OSi)3) species accompanied by a lesser amount of Q2 (Si(OH)2(OSi)2) and Q4 (Si(OSi)4). However, no Q0 and Q1 were detected, indicating the carbonic acid formation/deprotonation and magnesite (MgCO3) precipitation reactions are faster than the forsterite hydrolysis process. Thus it can be concluded that the Mg2SiO4 hydrolysis process is the rate limiting step of the overall mineral carbonation process.more » 29Si NMR combined with XRD, TEM, SAED and EDX further reveal that the reaction is a surface reaction with the Mg2SiO4 crystallite in the core and with condensed Q2-Q4 species forming amorphous surface layers. 13C MAS NMR identified a possible reaction intermediate as (MgCO3)4-Mg(OH)2-5H2O. However, at long reaction times only crystallite magnesite MgCO3 products are observed. « less
The Socio-Economic Contributions of Marine Protected Areas to the Fisherfolk of Lingayen Gulf, Northwestern Philippines

The continuous degradation of the marine ecosystem leads to the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) as a protective measure. Because of the wide array of benefits that can be gained upon its establishment, socio-economic contributions were taken into consideration using a descriptive survey method of research among the seven MPAs in Lingayen Gulf. Data revealed that members of the fisherfolk organization is dominated by married males, 30-50 years old, high school graduate, with 0-1 child, earns less than 5,000 pesos a month and fishing as the major source of livelihood. They participate â€œModeratelyâ€ in the management but scored â€œHighâ€ on linkaging/networking with other agencies. MPAs contributed â€œHighâ€ on social aspect despite a moderate contribution in recreation. A â€œModerateâ€ and â€œHighâ€ contributions were observed for economic and political aspect respectively. Among the socio-demographic profile, only the number of children is significantly correlated with the extent of participation in management but not with linking with other agencies. It is further revealed that participation is a good predictor of socio-economic contributions. No significant relationship was found between the socio-demographic profile and the socioeconomic contributions. Linking/networking with other agencies is also found to be not significantly correlated with the any socio-demographic profile.
Structure of water for origin of life and living matter

The Abstract: This review defines structure of water for origin of life and living matter. Structure is a way of distribution of atoms making the molecule and molecules in space. Features of a physical structure of a molecule of water and short-lived hydrogen bonds caused by electrostatic forces and donor-acceptor interactions between the neighboring atoms of hydrogen and oxygen in molecules of water create favorable opportunities for formation in water special nano-structures associates (clusters) having general formula (Н2О)n, where n = 3-27 and more, which are sensitive to external influences electromagnetic and acoustic fields, capable to receive, store and transfer the various information on the last influences. Structures of water clusters, estimated theoretically, are confirmed with the help of modern methods of the analysis: spectroscopy of a proton magnetic resonance, infra-red spectroscopy, diffraction of X-rays and neutrons on crystals of water, etc.
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanotube supported Rh-nanoparticle catalysts for regioselective hydroformylation of vinyl acetate

Three procedures: the impregnation-borohydride reduction procedure, the impregnation-alcohol reduction procedure and the impregnation-photoreducing procedure, were utilized for preparing TiO2 nanotube supported rhodium nanoparticle catalysts, in which rhodium acetate was used as a rhodium source. Catalysts were characterized with TEM, ICP, XPS and XRD; their catalytic performances for hydroformylation of vinyl acetate were evaluated. Of these catalysts prepared by three different methods, the catalyst prepared by the impregnation-photoreducing procedure showed the highest catalytic activity under the same reaction conditions. The effects of pressure of syngas, solvents, temperature, Rh content and reaction time on the hydroformylation were examined in detail. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the conversion of vinyl acetate can reach at 100%; the chemoselectivity for aldehydes was 74.70% and the regioselectivity for the branched aldehyde was 95%.
Coefficient of Variation Can Identify the Most Important Effects of Experimental Treatments

Most agricultural experiments involve evaluation of multiple variables and at times it can be difficult to identify the biologically relevant effects of the experimental treatments after performing the traditional ANOVA, Tukey and t-tests. The coefficient of variation formula could be an important tool to focus ‘Result and Discussion’ sections only on the most important changes produced by the experimental treatments. This short report is intended to exemplify the use of the coefficient of variation in three plant physiology experiments. The first one dealt with the effects of common bean plantlet exposure to high temperature under controlled conditions (levels: 28 and 40 °C). The second experiment was related to common bean seed exposure to liquid nitrogen during five different periods of time (levels: 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The third experiment was bi-factorial: factor 1 was the ‘type of plant material’ (levels: pineapple plants genetically transformed and the untransformed control); and factor 2 was the ‘time of in vitro-plantlet hardening’ (levels: 0, 15 and 30 days). Contents of phenolics, aldehydes, chlorophylls and proteins were determined. Percentage of seed germination, electrolyte leakage, peroxidase activity, plant height and weight were also measured. Experiments were monofactorial with two levels, monofactorial with five levels and bifactorial, respectively, with randomized design. The coefficient of variation showed that the most remarkable effects of high temperature were recorded in free phenolics and chlorophylls (a, b, total). Electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll b concentration were the most modified indicators as a result of seed exposure to liquid nitrogen. In the third experiment, modification in the levels of malondialdehyde and other aldehydes were the most relevant changes resulting from factors interactions. A similar procedure has not been published, except for our previous publications, not focused on the use of the coefficient of variation, just on the biological results.
Amelioration of Vascular Dysfunctions in Diabetic Rats by an Oral PKC β Inhibitor

The vascular complications of diabetes mellitus have been correlated with enhanced activation of protein kinase C (PKC). LY333531, a specific inhibitor of the β isoform of PKC, was synthesized and was shown to be a competitive reversible inhibitor of PKC β1 and β2, with a half-maximal inhibitory constant of ∼5 nM; this value was one-fiftieth of that for other PKC isoenzymes and one-thousandth of that for non-PKC kinases. When administered orally, LY333531 ameliorated the glomerular filtration rate, albumin excretion rate, and retinal circulation in diabetic rats in a dose-responsive manner, in parallel with its inhibition of PKC activities.
Mutagenicity and Cytotoxicity of Tap and Raw Water and Their Potential Risk

In order to establish the method of bio-assay for the safety of drinking water, mutagenic activity, promotion activity for cancer, cytotoxicity and liposomal membrane damage of micropollutants in water were studied. The dissolved substances in water were recovered from raw, chlorinated, and rapid-filtrated waters by adsorption with XAD-2. Mutagenicity of the recovered substances was estimated with Ames Salmonella mutagenicity test. Cancer promotion activity was assayed by use of morphological change of HL-60 cell. Cytotoxicities of the recovered substances were evaluated with the cultured cells, HL-60 and mouse peritoneal macrophages. Some of the samples showed strong direct mutagenicity and cytotoxicities, while cancer promotion activity was not found in any sample. No correlation was observed between the results of mutagenicity and cytotoxicities, while the results of cytotoxicities related to those of liposomal membrane damage. The findings indicate that the combination of mutagenicity test with the other bio-assay such as cytotoxicity should be necessary to secure the safety of drinking water.
Corporate Social Performance and the Cost of Equity Capital

This study examines the link between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the cost of equity with a global sample consisting of 13,555 firm-year observations from 31 countries. Using three estimates of the cost of equity and Corporate Social Performance (CSP) scores from Thompson Reuter’s ASSET4 dataset, I find that high-CSP firms have more expensive equity financing. This empirical evidence indicates that investors perceive high-CSP firms as more risky and request a higher return on their investment. Social Responsible Investing still does not have an impact (yet) on firm’s social responsible behavior. Additional evidence suggests that the CSP – cost of equity capital relationship is weaker in more stakeholderoriented countries and that no significant relationship exist in developing and emerging countries.
Consumption and Wealth: New Evidence from Italy

This paper estimates a consumption function for Italy. In addition to permanent income, housing wealth, the interest rate on household loans and an index of credit conditions, our model introduces household net worth split into liquid and illiquid assets. The consumption dynamics are examined by using financial accounts and real national accounts in a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), estimated from 1975 to 2017. The results show that the marginal propensity to consume out of liquid financial assets – mainly deposits and bonds – is positive and statistically significant, and greater than that for illiquid assets (mainly unquoted shares and insurance and pension assets); we also find that housing wealth has a smaller and significant impact on consumption. As expected, permanent income accounts for a large fraction of consumption, while the effect of the interest rate is negative.
Biochemical defense mechanism in groundnut genotypes against rust caused by Puccinia arachidis Speg.

Biochemical defense response in groundnut genotypes infected with Puccinia arachidis (Speg.) causing rust at different growth stage was studied in present investigations. Twelve genotypes viz. ICG 13165, ICG 13160 (wild resistant), RHRG-6083, GPBD-4, KDG-128, ICG-11426, ICG-12672, ICGV-86590, ICGV-94118, ICGV-96283 (cultivated resistant) and SB- XI and JL- 24 (highly susceptible) were selected. The results revealed that all the genotypes showed variable disease severity. It was observed that in all stages of pathogen infection, disease severity and characteristic symptoms were more prominent in susceptible genotype than the other ten. The biochemical analysis of leaves of different varieties of groundnut revealed the content of chlorophyll, phenol and the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were found maximum in resistant genotypes while total sugar content was found maximum in susceptible genotypes than in resistant at all the growth stages. There was reduction in chlorophyll and reducing sugar content and the level of reduction of these biochemical constituents were less in resistant genotypes than susceptible genotypes, while total sugar and total phenol and the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase increased after inoculation in all the groundnut genotypes and were more in resistant genotypes than susceptible ones. The results indicated that factors conditioning the host response to P. arachidis might be the outcome of complex biochemical changes operated in host genotypes.