Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mycorrhizal Phosphorus Efficiencies and Microbial Competition Drive Root P Uptake

Phosphorus (P) availability shows large differences among different soil types, affecting P nutrition of forest trees. Chemical binding of P to soil moieties affects partitioning of P between soil particles and solution, influencing soluble P concentrations upon which plants, their associated mycorrhizal symbionts, and microbes feed. The goal of this study was to characterize root P uptake by mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal root tips in competition with microbes in situ in the organic and mineral layer of a P-rich and a P-poor forest. We used intact soil cores (0.2 m depth) from beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests to tracing the fate of 33P in soil, plant and microbial fractions. We used the dilution of 33P in the rhizosphere of each soil layer to estimate the enrichment with new P in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal root tips and root P uptake. In soil cores from P-rich conditions, 25 and 75% of root P uptake occurred in the organic and mineral layer, respectively, whereas in the P-poor forest, 60% occurred in the organic and 40% in the mineral layer. Mycorrhizal P efficiency, determined as enrichment of new P in mycorrhizal root tips, differed between soil layers. Root P uptake was correlated with mycorrhizal P efficiency and root tip abundance but not with root tip abundance as a single factor. This finding underpins the importance of the regulation of mycorrhizal P acquisition for root P supply. The composition of mycorrhizal assemblages differed between forests but not between soil layers. Therefore, differences in P efficiencies resulted from physiological adjustments of the symbionts. Non-mycorrhizal root tips were rare and exhibited lower enrichment with new P than mycorrhizal root tips. Their contribution to root P supply was negligible. Microbes were strong competitors for P in P-poor but not in P-rich soil. Understory roots were present in the P-rich soil but did not compete for P. Our results uncover regulation of mycorrhizal P efficiencies and highlight the complexity of biotic and abiotic factors that govern P supply to trees in forest ecosystems.
Central and Peripheral Shoulder Fatigue Pre-screening Using the Sigma–Lognormal Model: A Proof of Concept

Background Clinical tests for detecting central and peripheral shoulder fatigue are limited. The discrimination of these two types of fatigue is necessary to better adapt recovery intervention. The Kinematic Theory of Rapid Human Movements describes the neuromotor impulse response using lognormal functions and has many applications in pathology detection. The ideal motor control is modeled and a change in the neuromuscular system is reflected in parameters extracted according to this theory. Objective The objective of this study was to assess whether a shoulder neuromuscular fatigue could be detected through parameters describing the theory, if there is the possibility to discriminate central from peripheral fatigue, and which handwriting test gives the most relevant information on fatigue. Methods Twenty healthy participants performed two sessions of fast stroke handwriting on a tablet, before and after a shoulder fatigue. The fatigue was in internal rotation for one session and in external rotation during the other session. The drawings consisted of simple strokes, triangles, horizontal, and vertical oscillations. Parameters of these strokes were extracted according to the Sigma–Lognormal model of the Kinematic Theory. The evolution of each participant was analyzed through a U-Mann–Whitney test for individual comparisons. A Hotelling’s T2-test and a U-Mann–Whitney test were also performed on all participants to assess the group evolution after fatigue. Moreover, a correlation among parameters was calculated through Spearman coefficients to assess intrinsic parameters properties of each handwriting test. Results Central and peripheral parameters were statistically different before and after fatigue with a possibility to discriminate them. Participants had various responses to fatigue. However, when considering the group, parameters related to the motor program execution showed significant increase in the handwriting tests after shoulder fatigue. The test of simple strokes permits to know more specifically where the fatigue comes from, whereas the oscillations tests were the most sensitive to fatigue. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the Sigma–Lognormal model of the Kinematic Theory is an innovative approach for fatigue detection with discrimination between the central and peripheral systems. Overall, there is a possibility to implement the setting for clinics and sports personalized follow-up.
Emotion Regulation in Everyday Life: The Role of Goals and Situational Factors

This study addresses three questions: How often and how consistently do predictors for emotion regulation choice occur in daily life? What predicts emotion regulation choice in daily life? How do predictors for emotion regulation choice interact in daily life? We examined emotion regulation goals (i.e., prohedonic and social goals), situational factors (i.e., perceived control, expected reoccurrence, and emotional intensity), and emotion regulation strategies (i.e., active coping, distraction, rumination, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression) in negative emotion events. A total of 110 individuals (65% female) participated in an experience sampling study and received beeps, five times a day over the course of 9 days. We used a random intercept model to estimate our results. Emotion regulation goals and situational factors vary strongly in different events within the same person. Emotion regulation strategies, effective in changing the emotional experience, are crucial for prohedonic goals, whereas expressive suppression is important for social goals. Perceived control was positively associated with putatively adaptive strategies. Emotional intensity and expected reoccurrence were negatively associated with putatively adaptive strategies. Emotional intensity was positively associated with putatively maladaptive strategies. Emotion regulation strategies were not associated with the interaction of emotion regulation goals and situational factors. We conclude that emotion regulation goals and situational factors are extremely context-dependent, suggesting that they should be treated as states. Emotion regulation goals appear to have a functional association with strategies for prohedonic and social goals. The associations between situational factors and strategies in daily life appear to be largely different from the results found in the laboratory, emphasizing the importance of experience sampling studies.
Different distribution of epidermal basal cells in the anuran larval skin correlates with the skin's region‐specific fate at metamorphosis

The epidermis of the body skin in anurans undergoes a metamorphic fate different from that of the tail skin. The former survives metamorphosis and is transformed into the adult type, while the latter is subject to apoptosis. In a search for an explanation for this regional specificity at the cellular level, the epidermis of tadpoles of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, was characterized histologically and immunohistochemically during metamorphosis and was compared between the body and the tail. No histological difference in the epidermis was apparent between the two tissues at stages I and II defined by Taylor and Kollros (Anatomical Record 94:7-23, 1946)
Combining Associations Between Emotional Intelligence, Work Motivation, and Organizational Justice With Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS) Approach

The need for better incorporation of the construct emotional intelligence (EI) into counterproductive work behavior (CWB) research may be achieved via a unified conceptual framework. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to use the Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS) approach, and a conceptual framework that unifies motivational process with antecedents and outcomes, to assess differences in EI concerning a variety of constructs: organizational justice, CWB, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation. Employing established scales within a framework unifying CWB, intrinsic motivation, EI, organizational justice, and outcome constructs, two EI-based profiles displayed associations with CWB based on responses from 3,293 employees. Both the first core profile, high overall justice and low emotional intelligence, and the second core profile, high emotional intelligence and low work motivation, displayed associations with interpersonal deviance and organizational deviance, as well as emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. The results are discussed with respect to possible underlying theory and an overarching unified motivation framework that incorporates goal choice, intrinsic motivation, antecedents, and outcomes. We also provide directions for future research and implications for managers in the workplace based on heuristic conceptual frameworks that combine multiple motivational perspectives into a unified model.
Development of oogonia of Sargassum horneri (Fucales, Heterokontophyta) and concomitant variations in PSII photosynthetic activities

Abstract: Sargassum horneri is one of the most important seaweeds used to restore degraded coastal environments near Nanji Island, China. However, its reproductive characteristics, especially those of oogenesis and the concomitant changes in photosynthetic activities, remained uncertain. Herein we documented the processes of conceptacle and female gamete formation and the photosystem II (PSII) changes that accompanied them. Thalli of S. horneri were dioecious, the oogonial conceptacles maturing acropetally on the axillary receptacles. Conceptacles were originated from the epidermal cells, the cells lining the inner surface of the cavity ultimately differentiating into either sterile unbranched paraphyses or oogonia. The PSII photosynthetic activities of oogonia continuously diminished with increasing maturation. The value of Fv/Fm decreased from 0.55 ± 0.01 for recently initiated oogonia to 0.27 ± 0.05 for mature oogonia. The diameters of the oogonia increased approximately 20 times from initiation to maturity. The possible nutrition sources of oogonia during their development are discussed.
Rearing history affects demography of greenbugs (Homoptera: Aphididae) on corn and grain sorghum.

Biotype E greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were reared on corn, Zea mays L. , to assess their ability to develop, reproduce, and survive on this host. Four corn germ plasm accessions (Antigua, OH-45, AP-670, and 2570) were studied along with a susceptible grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, (NC + 630x) and a resistant sorghum (PI 264453) as controls. Corn-reared and sorghum-reared greenbugs were tested to evaluate the effect of host history on performance. Daily mortality and fecundity schedules were measured and net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of population increase, finite rate of increase, and population doubling time were calculated. Plant entry had a significant effect on development time for the first two instars but not the second two, which may be because of physiological adaptation to the novel hosts. All life-history measures except generation time indicated greater potential for greenbug population growth on sorghum than on corn. However, greenbugs still had sufficiently high population growth on corn to indicate that corn was a good host. Better performance on both sorghums and Antigua corn compared with the other corn entries suggested the possible involvement of the MBOA–DIMBOA complex in resistance to greenbugs. Longevity was greater and population doubling time was shorter for corn-reared than for sorghum-reared greenbugs. Host history also interacted with plant entry such that corn-reared greenbugs were more fecund on corn than sorghum-reared ones, whereas the opposite was true on sorghum. Assessment of these data indicates that greenbugs have a potential to adapt to corn as a true host and develop a biotype injurious to corn.
Crystal Structure of Flagellar Export Chaperone FliS in Complex With Flagellin and HP1076 of Helicobacter pylori

Functional flagella formation is a widespread virulence factor that plays a critical role in survival and host colonization. Flagellar synthesis is a complex and highly coordinated process. The assembly of the axial structure beyond the cell membrane is mediated by export chaperone proteins that transport their cognate substrates to the export gate complex. The export chaperone FliS interacts with flagellin, the basic component used to construct the filament. Unlike enterobacteria, the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori produces two different flagellins, FlaA and FlaB, which exhibit distinct spatial localization patterns in the filament. Previously, we demonstrated a molecular interaction between FliS and an uncharacterized protein, HP1076, in H. pylori. Here, we present the crystal structure of FliS in complex with both the C-terminal D0 domain of FlaB and HP1076. Although this ternary complex reveals that FliS interacts with flagellin using a conserved binding mode demonstrated previously in Aquifex aeolicus, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the helical conformation of FlaB in this complex was different. Moreover, HP1076 and the D1 domain of flagellin share structural similarity and interact with the same binding interface on FliS. This observation was further validated through competitive pull-down assays and kinetic binding analyses. Interestingly, we did not observe any detrimental flagellation or motility phenotypes in an hp1076-null strain. Our localization studies suggest that HP1076 is a membrane-associated protein with a cellular localization independent of FliS. As HP1076 is uniquely expressed in H. pylori and related species, we propose that this protein may contribute to the divergence of the flagellar system, although its relationship with FliS remains incompletely elucidated.
Zinc-Containing Metalloenzymes: Inhibition by Metal-Based Anticancer Agents

DNA is considered to be the primary target of platinum-based anticancer drugs which have gained great success in clinics, but DNA-targeted anticancer drugs cause serious side-effects and easily acquired drug resistance. This has stimulated the search for novel therapeutic targets. In the past few years, substantial research has demonstrated that zinc-containing metalloenzymes play a vital role in the occurrence and development of cancer, and they have been identified as alternative targets for metal-based anticancer agents. Metal complexes themselves have also exhibited a lot of appealing features for enzyme inhibition, such as: (i) the facile construction of 3D structures that can increase the enzyme-binding selectivity and affinity; (ii) the intriguing photophysical and photochemical properties, and redox activities of metal complexes can offer possibilities to design enzyme inhibitors with multiple modes of action. In this review, we discuss recent examples of zinc-containing metalloenzyme inhibition of metal-based anticancer agents, especially three zinc-containing metalloenzymes overexpressed in tumors, including histone deacetylases (HDACs), carbonic anhydrases (CAs), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
Substrate surface influences upon germination of Colletotrichum truncatum conidia

Substrates influenced germination of conidia of the mycoherbicide, Colletotrichum truncatum. Very few ( 70%) were induced to germinate when incubated on firm agar. The percentage of germinated conidia increased as agar firmness increased. Not all solid substrates equally influenced germination. Over 50% of the conidia germinated on chromatography paper, cellulose acetate filter, or on hard (plastic cover slip) substrates. In contrast, germination was relatively poor on cellulose nitrate filter and glass cover slips. Some natural substrates of dissimilar texture (wood, live plant leaf) produced good germination. Lower O2 levels or limited gas exchange for submerged conidia did not prevent germination because many conidia germinated while submerged on or between firm substrates. Subjecting conidia to motion during incubation between glass cover slips favored germ tube production rath.
The ethnoecological knowledge of fishermen from three coastal lagoons in the northern of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The current study investigated the ethnoecological knowledge developed by fishermen through their fishing activities and searched for ways to match such knowledge to empirical data available in the scientific literature. The research involved fishermen from three coastal lagoons in the northern region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, who were consulted through semi-structured interviews after the establishment of a trustful relationship over a period of three years with the interviewer. Their knowledge, in addition to its cultural and historical importance to these populations’ survival, in many ways matches scientific studies based on an ethnoecological approach. Their knowledge considers reproductive aspects, feeding habits, and migratory fishing as well as the consequences and the importance of sandbar openings to estuarine-dependent species and the understanding of the consequences of sandbar openings to lagoon trophic state and other organisms’ control (such as macrophytes). This set of data can contribute to the construction of plans for managing these ecosystems, in which fishermen may have a more important role than at present.
Patterns of invertebrate density and taxonomic richness across gradients of area, isolation, and vegetation diversity in a lake‐island system

Over the past half century, ecologists have tried to unravel the factors that drive species richness patterns in ecological communities. One influential theory is island biogeography theory (IBT), which predicts that island or habitat area and isolation are drivers of species richness. However, relatively few studies testing IBT have considered invertebrate or belowground communities, and it is unclear as to whether the predictions made by IBT hold for these communities. Other theories predict that habitat characteristics such as vegetation diversity may be important drivers of invertebrate species richness. To investigate patterns of invertebrate density and species richness across gradients of area, isolation, and vegetation diversity, we used a system of 30 lake islands in the boreal zone of northern Sweden. We assessed density and taxonomic richness of ground-dwelling spiders, web-building spiders, beetles, collembolans, mites, and nematodes, for all islands during two consecutive summers. For all invertebrate groups, both density and taxonomic richness were either neutrally or negatively related to island size, and either neutrally or positively related to island isolation. Meanwhile the density and taxonomic richness for several groups was positively related to vegetation diversity (i.e. habitat heterogeneity). In multiple regression analyses, island size was often the single best predictor for both invertebrate density and taxonomic richness, but in some cases island size and isolation in combination explained more variation than each factor considered singly. Contrary to IBT predictions, invertebrate density and richness was never positively related to island size or negatively related to island isolation. Instead, our results suggest that plant diversity (and thus habitat heterogeneity) was the main driver of the patterns that we found, although other factors could have some influence. We conclude that several factors, but not necessarily those predicted as important by IBT, are important in determining invertebrate abundance and species richness in island systems.
Nitrated Nucleotides: New Players in Signaling Pathways of Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species in Plants

Nitration of diverse biomolecules, including proteins, lipids and nucleic acid, by reactive nitrogen species represents one of the key mechanisms mediating nitric oxide (NO) biological activity across all types of organisms. 8-nitroguanosine 3′5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) has been described as a unique electrophilic intermediate involved in intracellular redox signaling. In animal cells, 8-nitro-cGMP is formed from guanosine-5′-triphosphate by a combined action of reactive nitrogen (RNS) and oxygen species (ROS) and guanylate cyclase. As demonstrated originally in animal models, 8-nitro-cGMP shows certain biological activities closely resembling its analog cGMP; however, its regulatory functions are mediated mainly by its electrophilic properties and chemical interactions with protein thiols resulting in a novel protein post-translational modification termed S-guanylation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, 8-nitro-cGMP was reported to mediate NO-dependent signaling pathways controlling abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure, however, its derivative 8-mercapto-cGMP (8-SH-cGMP) was later shown as the active component of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-mediated guard cell signaling. Here we present a survey of current knowledge on biosynthesis, metabolism and biological activities of nitrated nucleotides with special attention to described and proposed functions of 8-nitro-cGMP and its metabolites in plant physiology and stress responses.
Temperature Dependent Piezoelectric Properties of Lead-Free (1-x)K0.6Na0.4NbO3–xBiFeO3 Ceramics

(1-x)K0.4Na0. 6NbO3–xBiFeO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were successfully prepared in a single perovskite phase using the conventional solid-state synthesis. Relative permittivity (εr) as a function of temperature indicated that small additions of BiFeO3 not only broadened and lowered the cubic to tetragonal phase transition (TC) but also shifted the tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition (TO–T) toward room temperature (RT). Ceramics with x = 1 mol. % showed optimum properties with small and large signal piezoelectric coefficient, d33 = 182 pC/N and d∗33 = 250 pm/V, respectively, electromechanical coupling coefficient, kp = 50%, and TC = 355°C. kp varied by ∼5% from RT to 90°C, while d∗33 showed a variation of ∼15% from RT to 75°C, indicating that piezoelectric properties were stable with temperature in the orthorhombic phase field. However, above the onset of TO–T, the properties monotonically degraded in the tetragonal phase field as TC was approached.
Electronic Detection of Photonic Band Gaps in Nanolithographic Metallic Gratings

In nanolithographic metallic gratings we investigate the dependence of photonic band gaps on geometrical parameters. Finite element modeling was used to develop a model for an optoelectronic device with periodicity of 470 nm and concomitantly the electronic response of a nanofabricated metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector grating was experimentally studied under a sweeping monochromatic light source. The grating spectral response increased in the region between 470 nm and 520 nm, corroborating the computational results. This increase is understood to occur because photons with wavelength shorter than approximately 520 nm are energetic enough to excite interband transitions in the Au, but the period of the structure acts as a cutoff where incident photons with wavelength shorter than the period are less likely to form surface plasmon polaritons. This cutoff originates from a photonic band gap. Magnetic field intensity profiles at the 3 dB cutoff indicate that a surface plasmon wave exists where each finger interacts with the next through overlapping magnetic fields, suggesting that the cutoff is a surface plasmon wave effect. Localized surface plasmon effects were observed at longer wavelengths in the modeled absorbance. The effects of three geometrical parameters on the spectral dependence of modeled absorbance were investigated.