Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Theory of Lexical Access in Speech Production

The generation of words in speech involves a number of processing stages. There is, first, a stage of conceptual preparation; this is followed by stages of lexical selection, phonological encoding, phonetic encoding and articulation. In addition, the speaker monitors the output and, if necessary, self-corrects. Major parts of the theory have been computer modelled. The paper concentrates on experimental reaction time evidence in support of the theory.
Psychosis and autism as diametrical disorders of the social brain.

Autistic-spectrum conditions and psychotic-spectrum conditions (mainly schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression) represent two major suites of disorders of human cognition, affect, and behavior that involve altered development and function of the social brain. We describe evidence that a large set of phenotypic traits exhibit diametrically opposite phenotypes in autistic-spectrum versus psychotic-spectrum conditions, with a focus on schizophrenia. This suite of traits is inter-correlated, in that autism involves a general pattern of constrained overgrowth, whereas schizophrenia involves undergrowth. These disorders also exhibit diametric patterns for traits related to social brain development, including aspects of gaze, agency, social cognition, local versus global processing, language, and behavior. Social cognition is thus underdeveloped in autistic-spectrum conditions and hyper-developed on the psychotic spectrum. ;>We propose and evaluate a novel hypothesis that may help to explain these diametric phenotypes: that the development of these two sets of conditions is mediated in part by alterations of genomic imprinting. Evidence regarding the genetic, physiological, neurological, and psychological underpinnings of psychotic-spectrum conditions supports the hypothesis that the etiologies of these conditions involve biases towards increased relative effects from imprinted genes with maternal expression, which engender a general pattern of undergrowth. By contrast, autistic-spectrum conditions appear to involve increased relative bias towards effects of paternally expressed genes, which mediate overgrowth. This hypothesis provides a simple yet comprehensive theory, grounded in evolutionary biology and genetics, for understanding the causes and phenotypes of autistic-spectrum and psychotic-spectrum conditions.
The Freezing Precipitation over the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River during February-March 2009

Abstract In this paper, the authors analyze the quasi-stationary fronts, surface conditions, and atmospheric stratification processes associated with a freezing precipitation event over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the Dabie mountain during February-March 2009. The long duration of freezing precipitation was primarily caused by stationary and anomalous synoptic weather patterns, such as a blocking high pressure in the northern branch and a trough in the southern branch of the westerlies, which resulted in the encounter cold air from northern China and warm moisture from the south. The east-west-oriented, quasi-stationary front (or shear line) found in central China was mostly responsible for producing the precipitation. The warm layer and near-surface frozen layer were located in the lower troposphere along the front zone. Although the warm layer (> 0°C) existed along the whole front, a surface temperature less than 0°C appeared only over the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the Dabie mountain. Therefore, the surface temperature was the main influencing factor, as the freezing precipitation only happened over the Dabie mountain.
Trap Crop Systems for Striped Cucumber Beetle Control in Winter Squash

CHAPTER 1 Striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum F. , is the primary insect pest of cucurbit crops in the Northeastern United States. Adult beetles colonize squash crops from field borders, causing feeding damage at the seedling stage and transmitting the bacteria Erwinia tracheiphila Hauben et al. Conventional control methods rely on insecticide applications to the entire field, but surrounding main crops with a more attractive perimeter could reduce reliance on insecticides. Acalymma vittatum demonstrates a marked preference for Blue Hubbard squash (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) over butternut squash (C. moschata Duchesne). Given this preference, Blue Hubbard squash has the potential to be an effective perimeter trap crop. We evaluated this system in commercial butternut fields in 2003 and 2004, comparing fields using perimeter trap cropping with Blue Hubbard to conventionally managed fields. In 2003 we used a foliar insecticide to control beetles in the trap crop borders, and in 2004 we compared systemic and foliar insecticide treatments for the trap crop borders. We found that using a trap crop system reduced or eliminated the need to spray the main crop area, reducing insecticide use by up to 94% compared to conventional control methods, with no
Impact of breastfeeding and other early-life factors on the development of the oral microbiome

The oral cavity is home to the second most diverse microbiome in the human body. This community contributes to both oral and systemic health. Acquisition and development of the oral microbiome is a dynamic process that occurs over early life; however, data regarding longitudinal assembly of the infant oral microbiome is scarce. While numerous factors have been associated with the composition of the infant oral microbiome, early feeding practices (breastfeeding and the introduction of solids) appear to be the strongest determinants of the infant oral microbiome. In the present review, we draw together data on the maternal, infant, and environmental factors linked to the composition of the infant oral microbiome, with a focus on early nutrition. Given evidence that breastfeeding powerfully shapes the infant oral microbiome, the review explores potential mechanisms through which human milk components, including microbes, metabolites, oligosaccharides, and antimicrobial proteins, may interact with and shape the infant oral microbiome. Infancy is a unique period for the oral microbiome. By enhancing our understanding of oral microbiome assembly in early life, we may better support both oral and systemic health throughout the lifespan.
Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown in 45-nm PD-SOI N-Channel FETs at Cryogenic Temperatures for Quantum Computing Applications

The aim of this paper is to analyze the time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) in MOSFETs at cryo temperatures deployed in control circuitry for quantum computing applications. The effect of cryogenic temperatures down to 10K on TDDB in 45-nm RFSOI n-channel MOSFETs is studied here. From Weibull distribution, it is seen that the characteristic breakdown time (t63) increases with decreasing temperature with a weak saturation effect at ultra-low temperatures. Weibull slope <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\beta)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shows an inverted U-shaped trend exhibiting a maximum between 100-200K at all measured voltages. Very low activation energy (Ea) is seen at cryo temperatures and Ea decreases with temperature lowering in three distinct temperature regions. The voltage acceleration exponent (VAE) increases with decrease in temperature down to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 77\text{K}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> followed by a decrease with decreasing temperature. The trap generation rate and critical defect density are estimated and the trend of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is explained within the framework of the multiple origins of breakdown in the measurement window. Significant sample size for each condition with variability was taken into account for all parameters to improve the confidence level in our results.
Game Behavior Scale–Electronic

Despite the growing engagement in electronic games globally and the need to measure behavior in this context, there are few instruments for this purpose. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Game Behavior Scale–Electronic (GBS-E) in Brazil. In Study 1 ( N =409), exploratory factor analysis supported the adequacy of a two-factor solution (individual and collective behavior). In Study 2 ( N =373), we used confirmatory factor analysis, item response theory (to evaluate the discrimination and difficulty levels)
Short-interval second ejaculation improves sperm quality, blastocyst formation in oligoasthenozoospermic males in ICSI cycles: a time-lapse sibling oocytes study

Background Does short-interval second ejaculation improve sperm quality, embryo development and clinical outcomes for oligoasthenozoospermia males received intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment? Methods All enrolled male patients underwent short-interval secondary ejaculation on the day of oocyte retrieval, and 786 sibling MII oocytes from 67 cycles were equally divided into two groups based on whether the injected spermatozoons originated from the first or second ejaculation. Semen parameters, embryo development efficiency, morphokinetic parameters and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups to assess the efficiency and clinical value of short-interval second ejaculation in ICSI cycles. Results Short-interval second ejaculation significantly improved sperm motility, normal morphological rate, and sperm DNA integrity both before and after sperm swim-up. The high-quality blastocyst rate (24.79% versus 14.67%), available blastocyst rate (57.56% versus 48.44%), and oocyte utilization rate (52.93% versus 45.29%) were significantly higher in the second ejaculation group (P<0.05). The clinical pregnancy rate (59.09% versus 47.37%), implantation rate (42.11% versus 32.35%) and live birth rate (40.91% versus 31.58%) were higher in the second ejaculation group, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05). Time-lapse analysis showed that morphokinetic time points after the 7-cell stage were earlier in the second ejaculation group but without a significant difference (P>0.05), and abnormal embryo cleavage patterns between the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusions Short-interval second ejaculation significantly improves sperm quality in oligoasthenozoospermic males, and is beneficial for blastocyst formation efficiency in ICSI cycles. This study suggested a non-invasive and simple but effective strategy for improving ICSI treatment outcomes.
Diagnosing mechanisms of hydrologic change under global warming in the CESM1 Large Ensemble

Global warming is expected to cause significant changes in the pattern of precipitation minus evaporation (P − E), which represents the net flux of water from the atmosphere to the surface or, equivalently, the convergence of moisture transport within the atmosphere. In most global climate model simulations, the pattern of P − E change resembles an amplification of the historical pattern—a tendency known as “wet gets wetter, dry gets drier”. However, models also predict significant departures from this approximation that are not well understood. Here, we introduce a new method of decomposing the pattern of P − E change into contributions from various dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms, and use it to investigate the response of P − E to global warming within the CESM1 Large Ensemble. In contrast to previous decompositions of P − E change, ours incorporates changes not only in the monthly means of atmospheric winds and moisture, but also in their temporal variability, allowing us to isolate the hydrologic impacts of changes in the mean circulation, transient eddies, relative humidity, and the spatial and temporal distributions of temperature. In general, we find that changes in the mean circulation primarily control the P − E response in the tropics, while temperature changes dominate at higher latitudes. Although the relative importance of specific mechanisms varies by region, at the global scale departures from the wet-gets-wetter approximation over land are primarily due to changes in the temperature lapse rate, while changes in the mean circulation, relative humidity, and horizontal temperature gradients play a secondary role.
Gender categorization is abnormal in cochlear-implant users

In normal hearing (NH), the perception of the gender of a speaker is strongly affected by two anatomically related vocal characteristics: the fundamental frequency (F0), related to vocal pitch, and the vocal tract length (VTL), related to the height of the speaker. Previous studies on gender categorization in cochlear implant (CI) users found that performance was variable, with few CI users performing at the level of NH listeners. Data collected with recorded speech produced by multiple talkers suggests that CI users might rely more on F0 and less on VTL than NH listeners. However, because VTL cannot be accurately estimated from recordings, it is difficult to know how VTL contributes to gender categorization. In the present study, speech was synthesized to systematically vary F0, VTL, or both. Gender categorization was measured in CI users, as well as in NH participants listening to unprocessed (only synthesized) and vocoded (and synthesized) speech. Perceptual weights for F0 and VTL were derived from the performance data. With unprocessed speech, NH listeners used both cues (normalized perceptual weight: F0=3.76, VTL=5.56). With vocoded speech, NH listeners still made use of both cues but less efficiently (normalized perceptual weight: F0=1.68, VTL=0.63). CI users relied almost exclusively on F0 while VTL perception was profoundly impaired (normalized perceptual weight: F0=6.88, VTL=0.59). As a result, CI users’ gender categorization was abnormal compared to NH listeners. Future CI signal processing should aim to improve the transmission of both F0 cues and VTL cues, as a normal gender categorization may benefit speech understanding in competing talker situations.
THE TRICKLE-DOWN EFFECT: WHAT POPULATION GROUPS BENEFIT FROM HOSTING MAJOR SPORT EVENTS?

The trickle-down effect of major sport events was mostly examined for the host population at large. This study analyses whether some population groups benefit from hosting a major sport event like the 2006 Melbourne Commonwealth Games more than others. The trickledown framework is tested using a comprehensive sample of people in Australia from 2005 and 2006 (n=12,993). Regression results show that younger people, less educated people, and people of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin are more likely to spend more time participating in sport as a result of Melbourne hosting the Commonwealth Games. Younger people with no formal education and people who are not in a relationship are more likely to take up a new activity. Older people, females, and the locals are more likely to gain a positive attitude. The results inform policy makers and sport event managers who plan for the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast, Australia.
Heteroglossic Engagement Resources in Discussion Sections of Good and Excellent Master of Arts Theses Written by Iranian EFL Students in Applied Linguistics

This study compares the use of heteroglossic engagement resources in the discussions of MA theses rated as good versus excellent written by Iranian EFL students majoring in TEFL. Engagement, a subsystem of the Appraisal model within Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), deals with writers’ authorial voice and how they position their voice with regard to, and engage with, alternative voices and positions in a communicative context. The final corpus of the study consisted of 24 MA theses in TEFL from four universities in Iran divided into two groups of theses rated as good and excellent based on the scores awarded to them and the raters’ reassessment. In addition to a qualitative analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data. The results showed that heteroglossic resources were not equally employed by the authors. Although there was a correlation between the use of heteroglossic resources in the theses and their assigned rates, authors of excellent theses utilized more expand values compared to good theses. The qualitative analysis revealed that writers of excellent theses were 1 Corresponding author: mvalidi
Backdoor attack on deep neural networks using inaudible triggers

This thesis delves into the exploration of backdoor attacks in audio-based neural network applications, with a specific focus on exploiting non-linearities in MEMS microphone architectures to create triggers in audio recordings, which are inaudible to humans. We are the first to explore the use of these non-linearities to trigger a real-life backdoor. By conducting experiments on various neural network architectures, sample rates, and audio neural network applications, we investigate the success rate of backdoor attacks in digital environments and evaluate the real-life applicability of such attacks on mobile phones. Our research successfully exploits these non-linearities to create a trigger that is imperceptible to humans (twice the maximum human audible frequency) yet registers as 2 kHz tones on mobile phones. Furthermore, we explore the STRIP defense, a runtime method designed to detect a trigger. We successfully ran the STRIP defense on a mobile phone and detected our trigger, but it comes at the cost of computational complexity. As far as we know, we are the first to try the STRIP defense on mobile phones.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO EARLY INTRODUCTION OF COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING : META ANALYSIS STUDY IN INDONESIA

More than 40% of mothers in the world, including Indonesia, have given food other than breast milk when the baby is less than six months old. Various factors can lead to early complementary feeding in Indonesia. The novelty of this research is because it examines about factors associated with early complementary feeding in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with early complementary feeding in Indonesia. This study used a quantitative design and meta-analytical analysis technique. Articles were included in this study, which were searched using Google Scholar, Garuda Portal, and ISJD databases. A total of 1,157 identification articles, with keywords ((early complementary feeding, complementary feeding administration in infants aged 0-6 months, early breastfeeding or prelacteal feeding) and (factors or factors related to, risk factors, knowledge) mother or education level, family support, support health workers, promotion of complementary feeding products, baby porridge, baby biscuits, formula or culture) and (cross sectional or case control) and (region in Indonesia)). The search was performed using the Indonesian language. Fifteen articles were systematically reviewed and included in this meta-analysis. There is no significant relationship between maternal education level, family support, support from health workers and culture with early complementary feeding in Indonesia. Mothers’ low knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding is one of the factors contributing to early complementary feeding in Indonesia. Conclusion is Mother which low knowledge is at risk 2.63 times to have early introduction of complementary feeding for baby (95% Cl; 1.14-6.09).
A Focus on the Voice: Attention as a Unifying Mechanism Underlying Vocal Training and Mindfulness

ABSTRACT Recent decades have generated a proliferation of research into the phenomenon known as mindfulness. This literature gives voice and speech researchers an opportunity to reconceptualize and assess their practices. Voice and Speech Training (VST) for actors shares certain techniques and attitudes in common with mindfulness. Thus, it is plausible that these two practices rely on similar psychological and neurological mechanisms and may produce similar benefits. We provide an interdisciplinary review of the contemporary literature regarding vocal production, VST practices, mindfulness, and meditation, highlighting conceptual and practical connections between them. We propose that attention is a common mechanism that unifies VST practices and mindfulness. We provide an overview of how attention and mindfulness meditation have been conceptualized and summarize recent empirical studies on their possible relationship. Finally, we suggest future directions for how interdisciplinary research teams might investigate the relationship between VST, mindfulness, and attention, and bring empirical methodologies to bear on questions of artistic significance.
DETERMINAÇÕES DE REFAZIMENTO/REPUBLICAÇÃO DE DEMONSTRAÇÕES FINANCEIRAS PELA CVM: O PAPEL DOS AUDITORES INDEPENDENTES 1 RESTATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL REPORTS DETERMINED BY THE CVM: THE ROLE OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

With the purpose of finding elements which allow modeling average characteristics that explain the pattern of the events of financial reports restatements determined by the CVM, as well as, more specifically, to evaluate the independent auditors’ role in such situation, a descriptive research was performed using technical procedures of documental nature, examining the 28 cases occurred between 2001 and 2009. The tests results showed: concentration of the cases in the second half of the period investigated; predominance of problems in the Quarterly Information (ITR), especially in the last years of the study; relatively uniform distribution of Financial Statements (DFP) restatement cases in the period; a larger number of cases related to financial statements audited by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu; reasons alleged by the CVM for restatements are mainly in relation to inappropriate recognition and/or measurement of assets and liabilities and the deficiency or lack of disclosure in explanatory notes; the problems anticipation degree by independent auditors might be considered as relatively small – auditors issued qualified opinion in only about one quarter of the ITRs and half of DFPs. Regarding the reasons that led to restatements, just under half of the issues addressed by the CVM received qualified opinion by independent auditors.
An Economic Assessment of Policy Options to Reduce Agricultural Pollutants in the Chesapeake Bay

In 2010, a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) was established for the Chesapeake Bay, defining the limits on emissions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment necessary to reverse declines in the Bay’s quality and associated biological resources. Agriculture is the largest single source of nutrients and sediment in the watershed. We use data on crop and animal agriculture in the watershed to assess the relative effectiveness of alternative policy approaches for achieving the nutrient and sediment reduction goals of the TMDL, ranging from voluntary financial incentives to regulations. The cost of achieving water quality goals depends heavily on which policy choices are selected and how they are implemented. We found that policies that provide incentives for water quality improvements are the most efficient, assuming necessary information on pollutant delivery is available for each field. Policies that directly encourage adoption of management systems that protect water quality (referred to as design-based) are the most practical, given the limited information that is generally available to farmers and resource agencies. Information on field characteristics can be used to target design-based policies to improve efficiency.