Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Proximity of Maxillary Molars Roots to the Maxillary Sinus Floor in a Sample from the Egyptian Population using Cone-beam Computed Tomography (Hospital Based Study)

Aim: To assess the proximity between the roots of maxillary molars and Maxillary Sinus Floor ‘MSF’ using CBCT in a sample from the Egyptian population.Materials and Methods: Eighty seven CBCT scans of adult Egyptians (29 males and 58 females) involving 135 maxillary 1st molars, 168 maxillary 2nd molars and 107 maxillary 3rd molars, were collected from patients’ data base of Planmeca Promax 3D Mid CBCT machine available at the Department of Oral &Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University. The vertical relation between MSF and examined teeth roots was assessed on cross sectional CBCT images based on Jung classification 2009 Results: In all mesio-buccal “MB’, disto-buccal ‘DB’& palatal ‘P’ roots of the examined teeth, the 1st molars showed the highest prevalence of class (0) in the 3 roots, while the 2nd molars showed the highest prevalence of class (3) among both MB & DB roots, and the highest prevalence of class (2) among P roots, finally 3rd molars showed the highest prevalence of class (1) among DB roots, and the highest prevalence of class (3) among P roots. There was a significant inverse correlation between age and vertical relationship classes of only the first maxillary molars roots. Males showed higher prevalence of Class (2) and Class (3) while females showed higher prevalence of Class (0) and Class (1) in the 3rd molars.Conclusion: In the investigated Egyptian subjects, maxillary 1st molars’ roots are the least close to the MSF compared to the other molars roots, while buccal roots of maxillary 2nd molars are highly anticipated for MSF invagination. The lower the age is, the closer are the maxillary 1st molar roots to the MSF, and males’ maxillary 3rd molars are more frequently approximating MSF than females.
the UK: a Qualitative investigation of needs, Beneits, and Potential for Development

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Who is Transitioning out of Prison? Characterising Female Offenders and Their Needs in Chile

The last decades’ increase in female incarceration has translated into an increasing number of women being released from prison. Understanding their characteristics and criminal trajectories can enlighten us regarding the different needs of women upon re-entering society after incarceration. Drawing on data from the Reinserción, Desistimiento y Reincidencia en Mujeres Privadas de Libertad en Chile study, this article identifies different profiles among a cohort of 225 women who were released from prison in Santiago, Chile, and demonstrates that significant heterogeneity exists among them in terms of their criminal trajectories and the intervention needs to support their transition out of prison.
Novel Approach for Image Binarization Using Genetic Algorithm

A grey scale image is converted into black and white image through the binarization method. Binarization is a major factor on which the result of OCR depends. Within character recognition, higher accuracy is achieved by high quality binarized image in comparison to the original image which includes noise in it. Finding out an appropriate binarization algorithm for all the images is the major concern. Since there is huge difference in the performance of various binarization algorithms on different data sets, it is very difficult to choose the most optimal binarization algorithm. In this research work, the technique of genetic algorithm is applied which define the threshold value for the image binarization. The proposed algorithm is implemented in MATLAB and results are analyzed in terms of PSNR, MSE and Thinning rate. It is analyzed that proposed algorithm performs well in terms of all parameters.
Potential effect of β thalassemia major on cardiac function among patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

The present studydetect the prevalence of cardiac complications and the efficacy of iron overload monitoring by ECHO (LVEF), and serum ferritin assay in patients at Department of Clinical Hematology with β thalassemia major (βTM). Case records of all βTM patients were analyzed for clinical data, age, sex, heart failure, serum ferritin, ECG, chest x-ray and echocardiography. Sixty –two βTM patients with serially recorded LVEF are included in statistical analysis. Age range of these patients was 4-36 years. Clinical congestive cardiac failure (CHF) was observed in 5 patients(6.45%) with the age range of 13-28 years, 34 patients (54.8%) have normal ECHO findings while 28 patients (45.2%) have valvular heart disease, 8 patients (12.6%) had tricuspid regurgitation with pulmonary hypertension, and 20 patients (32.2%) had tricuspid, mitral or aortic regurgitation. The present study indicated that Observation of excess iron in the heart of βTM patients in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) through LVEF and serum ferritin analysis have reduced incidence of CHF. LVEF instructs the use of intensive chelation therapy but cannot prevent or predict heart damage or CHF in the course of the disease; this may be due to the poor prognosis once CHF is occurred. More sensitive methods for early detection of cardiac complication arerequired as MRI T2* which is used to estimate myocardial iron and identifies pre-clinical cardiac iron deposition to prevent irreversible cardiac complication. Correspondence to: Prof. Gamal I. A. Karrouf, Ph.D, Faculty of Science, Medical Physics Department, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box:80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, Tel: +966595859168, Fax: 0096626952076, E-mail: drgamalkarrouf1966@gmail.com
FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 23 AND CAROTID ARTERY INTIMAL MEDIUM THICKNESS IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Background: The cause of early-accelerated atherosclerosis development observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not fully understood. The determination of the relationship between the levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and carotid artery intimal medium thicknesses (CIMT) and development of endothelial dysfunction lends support to the possibility that FGF-23 plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis in CKD. Objectives: to assess the circulating FGF23 as a marker of vascular stiffness in children with CKD regardless the etiology and to correlate its level with carotid artery intimal medium thickness as detected by Doppler U/S. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective case control study was done on forty cases with CKD on conservative treatment (stage II - III and IV) regardless the etiology. Also twenty of apparently healthy children age and sex matched with cases were included as a control group. After complete clinical evaluation of cases and controls including weight, height, body mass index, blood pressure and all body systems, FGF23 was measured and carotid artery intimal medium thicknesses (CIMT) was measured as a marker of atherosclerosis using Doppler U/S. Results: CIMT measurements and FGF-23 levels were significantly higher in patients than controls. There was positive correlation between FGF23 and CIMT, CKD stage. On the other hand there was negative correlation between FGF23 and GFR. Conclusion: FGF-23 may be used as a sensitive and non-invasive indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease where our results showed a positive correlation between FGF23 and CIMT.
Suitability of NDVI index to pea condition evaluation at diverse phosphorus fertilization

In this 3-year study the suitability of the normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI) to the evaluation of pea plant infestation by aphids and expected seeds yield was investigated. The effect was assessed in the conditions of the increasing doses of phosphorus fertilization (0, 70, and 140 kg P₂O₅ ha–¹) and in the different pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) occurrence on six various cultivars of pea. Independent of the dose, the phosphorus fertilization supported the occurrence of aphids on pea plants of Batuta, Model, and Protecta cultivars where in Tarchalska and Mecenas cultivars only the standard dose (70 kg ha–¹) showed such effect. NDVI index was not clearly, unambiguously correlated to the intensity of A. pisum occurrence. Such factors as the deficiency or excessive amount of phosphorus, as well as meteorological conditions and the cultivar of host plant had the greater effect on its value than the presence of aphids. All this testifies that the NDVI index is not reliable indicator of aphid occurrence on pea, however it can offer a promising method to select the cultivars under sub-opitmal conditions. The seed yield was strongly related to agronomical factors (fertilization, cultivars) and plant (NDVI) variable, while marginally to environmental variable (aphids).
The impact of burnout toward affective commitment and turnover intention

This study aims to examine the influence of burnout components which consist of exhaustion, cynicism and reduced professional efficacy toward affective commitment and turnover intention on the study of supporting division employees in PT. XYZ. This research uses quantitative research design with survey method and use questionnaire as research instrument. Multiple linear regression method is used to test the hypothesis in this research. The results show that although the burnout components of cynicism and reduced professional efficacy have significant and negative effect on affective commitment, the exhaustion component has no effect on affective commitment. The results also proved that exhaustion, cynicism and reduced professional efficacy have significant and positive effect on turnover intention.
Epidemiology of Microsatellite Instability High (MSI-H) and Deficient Mismatch Repair (dMMR) in Solid Tumors: A Structured Literature Review

Background. Given limited data on the epidemiology of MSI-H and dMMR across solid tumors (except colorectal cancer (CRC)), the current study was designed to estimate their prevalence. Materials and Methods. A structured literature review identified English language publications that used immunohistochemistry (IHC) or polymerase chain replication (PCR) techniques. Publications were selected for all tumors except CRC using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases and key congresses; CRC and pan-tumor genomic publications were selected through a targeted review. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled prevalence of MSI-H/dMMR across all solid tumors and for selected tumor types. Where possible, prevalence within tumor types was estimated by disease stages. Results. Of 1,176 citations retrieved, 103 and 48 publications reported prevalence of MSI-H and dMMR, respectively. Five pan-tumor genomic studies supplemented the evidence base. Tumor types with at least 5 publications included gastric (n = 39), ovarian (n = 23), colorectal (n = 20), endometrial (n = 53), esophageal (n = 6), and renal cancer (n = 8). Overall MSI-H prevalence (with 95% CI) across 25 tumors was based on 90 papers (28,213 patients) and estimated at 14% (10%–19%). MSI-H prevalence among Stage 1/2 cancers was estimated at 15% (8%–23%); Stages 3 and 4 prevalence was estimated at 9% (3%–17%) and 3% (1%–7%), respectively. Overall, dMMR prevalence across 13 tumor types (based on 54 papers and 20,383 patients) was estimated at 16% (11%–22%). Endometrial cancer had the highest pooled MSI-H and dMMR prevalence (26% and 25% all stages, respectively). Conclusions. This is the first comprehensive attempt to report pooled prevalence estimates of MSI-H/dMMR across solid tumors based on published data. Prevalence determined by IHC and PCR was generally comparable, with some variations by cancer type. Late-stage prevalence was lower than that in earlier stages.
Osteoclast Formation within a Human Co-Culture System on Bone Material as an In Vitro Model for Bone Remodeling Processes

Bone remodeling can be mimicked in vitro by co-culture models. Based on bone cells, such co-cultures help to study synergistic morphological changes and the impact of materials and applied substances. Hence, we examined the formation of osteoclasts on bovine bone materials to prove the bone resorption functionality of the osteoclasts in three different co-culture set-ups using human monocytes (hMCs) and (I) human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), (II) osteogenic differentiated hMSCs (hOBs), and (III) hOBs in addition of soluble monocyte-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and cytokine receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL). We detected osteoclast-specific actin morphology, as well as the expression of cathepsin K and CD51/61 in single cells in set-up II and in numerous cells in set-up III. Resorption pits on bone material as characteristic proof of functional osteoclasts were not found in set-up I and II, but we detected such resorption pits in set–up III. We conclude in co-culture models without M-CSF and RANKL that monocytes can differentiate into osteoclasts that show the characteristic actin structures and protein expression. However, to receive functional bone resorbing osteoclasts in vitro, the addition of M-CSF and RANKL is needed. Moreover, we suggest the use of bone or bone-like materials for future studies evaluating osteoclastogenesis.
The green bond markets in Norway and Sweden : exploring the differences between the two markets

This study explores the diﬀerences between the green bond markets of Norway and Sweden in an attempt to shed light on the markets’ distinct evolution. First, the existence of green bond yield premiums in the primary and secondary capital markets is investigated. The primary market analysis ﬁnds a negative issue yield premium for green bonds in Sweden and a positive issue yield premium for green bonds in Norway, although none of them signiﬁcant. Furthermore, the issue yield premium is discovered to have varied considerably over time. The secondary market analysis ﬁnds a signiﬁcant negative ask yield premium for green bonds in Sweden and a signiﬁcant positive ask yield premium for green bonds in Norway, providing evidence that Swedish secondary market investors have a higher demand for green bonds. The analysis further uncovers that issuer credibility plays an important role in green bond issuance, with bonds from governmental entities having negative premiums in both markets. The largest diﬀerences in premiums between the markets are found in the corporate sector. The ﬁnal analysis of this thesis investigates whether these results can be explained by diﬀerences in Green Focus between companies in the two markets, where Green Focus is measured by the amount of sustainability related words in the companies’ annual reports. The main ﬁnding is that companies who have issued green bonds in Sweden have a higher Green Focus than such companies in Norway, which is consistent with the results of the primary and secondary market analyses and with the growth in the Swedish green bond market.
Original Article

Objectives: Mucous retention pseudocyst (MRP) of the maxillary sinus is an incidental finding on radiographs. The radiographs taken for dental purposes provide an opportunity for dentists to recognize asymptomatic maxillary sinus anomalies. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRP on panoramic and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) views and to evaluate the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this study, 710 panoramic radiographs and 90 CBCT scans were examined with regard to the presence of MRP in the maxillary sinus during 2014-15. The MRP prevalence and some associated risk factors such as age, gender, season, smoking, allergy, asthma, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyp, mucosal thickening, and post-nasal drip (PND) were evaluated. Results: The frequency of MRP was 2.4% on the 710 evaluated panoramic images and 43.3% on the 90 evaluated CBCT views. The frequency of MRP on the panoramic and CBCT views was higher in males than in females. There was a significant association between smoking and MRP on panoramic images (P=0.02) and CBCT views (P<0.001). There was a significant association between PND and MRP on CBCT views (P=0.02). The highest frequency of MRP was seen in spring (P=0.04) according to panoramic radiographs and in spring and summer (P=0.001) according to CBCT views. Conclusions: The occurrence of MRP had a significant association with smoking and PND, and the highest frequency of MRP was detected in spring and summer. Also, CBCT scanning detects MRP more accurately than panoramic radiography.
The Syntax of Numeral Expressions

The scientific community has long since adopted a fixed notation for representing mathematical numbers in an unambiguous way, namely the Hindu-Arabic decimal system. Although primarily written, the notational form may be spoken symbol-for-symbol as it is written. For instance the decimal expansion 3.14159, which is an approximation of the irrational number π, can be spoken in English as three point one four one five nine.
Risk Factors for Nursing Home Delirium: A Systematic Review

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use a systematic review to assess empirical studies on the risk factors for delirium in nursing homes. Methods: Peer-review articles published were identified in CINAHL, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Medline databases. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. Studies were retained for review after meeting strict inclusion criteria. Nine studies were appraised using the criteria in the Quality Assessment Tool. Results: The incidence of delirium ranged from 3.4% to 70.3%. Risk factors were categorized into predisposing and precipitating factors. Nine predisposing (age, cognitive performance scale, dementia, depression, hearing impairment, intravenous catheter during the previous 24 hours, Parkinson’s disease, gender, widowhood) and six precipitating factors (antipsychotics, blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio [BUN/CR] >21:1, new drugs, pain, restraints, total protein) were found to be associated with the onset of delirium in nursing homes. Only four (age, dementia, depression, and restraints) of the 15 risk factors were mentioned more than twice. Conclusion: Additional delirium risk factors, such as environmental variables and nurse-staffing factors, should be assessed in nursing homes. This systematic review complements the limitations of individual study results. Based on these results, guidelines should be developed to help prevent delirium in nursing homes.
BCTT_A_236483 27..35

Shelly Wen Lucy Manuel Moira Doolan Justin Westhuyzen 1 Thomas P Shakespeare Noel J Aherne 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Institute, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia; 2University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Purpose: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 15% of breast cancer cases and is associated with a poor prognosis. In this retrospective study of patients undergoing radiation therapy as part of their treatment, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of TNBC patients were examined in relation to clinical and treatmentrelated factors. Patients and Methods: The electronic records of 214 consecutive TNBC patients treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy at the Mid North Coast Cancer Institute between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. Overall survival and DFS times were analyzed using the KaplanMeier method; multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression modelling was used to assess the significance of prognostic factors. Results: The majority of tumors were T1 (51.9%), followed by T2 (39.2%) and T3 (6.1%). For the whole group, mean DFS was 106.4 (SD 48.7) months; OS 109.4 (SD 52.1) months. Radiotherapy technique, fractionation protocol and laterality were not significant factors for DFS or OS (p>0.05). However, compared to breast conservation, mastectomy was associated with poorer DFS (mean 114.2 vs 65.2 months; p<0.0001) and poorer OS (mean 115.5 vs 80.5 months; p=0.0015). The mastectomy group had fewer patients with tumor size T1 (p=0.001) and higher proportions of T3 (p=0.001) and T4 (p=0.02). On multivariate analysis, tumor size T3/T4 and nodal status N2/N3 were significant factors for reduced DFS (p=0.023 and p=0.0003 respectively). Tumor size T3/T4 was the only significant prognostic factor for reduced OS (p=0.019). Conclusion: Advanced disease exhibited by tumor size > 5cm and positive nodal status is associated with poorer DFS in TNBC patients. Radiotherapy technique or fractionation protocol were not associated with differences in DFS or OS in our patient cohort.
Prevalence of Anti-Social Behaviours of Pupils in Bulawayo Province Secondary Schools

The major aim of this study was to examine the extent to which school pupils in urban secondary schools engage on anti-social activities using the quantitative methodology. The sample was made up of 200 pupils from 8 of the secondary schools in Bulawayo Province which were purposively selected. The study used the quantitative methodology and employed the descriptive survey design. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The study revealed that school youths in urban schools are heavily involved in anti-social activities. The study also revealed that anti-social activities have negative effects on class performance and discipline of pupils. Teachers should work closely with parents to curb the prevalence of anti-social activities by children in secondary schools. Elders both in the schools and within the wider community should behave in exemplary ways in order for the young pupils to evaluate good habits and actions.
The Nexus Between Mining Production and Economic Growth in South Africa

The production crisis in the mining sector is a great concern to the South African economy. This happens regardless of the policies and implementation of investment strategies that the government has put in the industry, which still has a steady contribution to the gross domestic product. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mining production, government expenditure and economic growth in South Africa. As a resource-endowed country that depends primarily on minerals to enhance growth, the operation in mining production is crucial. The paper employed the vector error correction model to analyze the annual time series data from the South African Reserve Bank covering the period 1983 to 2015. Preliminary results show that all variables were found to be stationary at first difference. Subsequently, the cointegration results indicated that there was at least one cointegrating equation, which confirmed the existence of a long-run relationship in the system. The long-run analysis showed that mining production excluding gold has a significant coefficient compared to all other variables, and has a positive relationship with expenditure on gross domestic product. The mining production of gold showed a negative relationship with expenditure on the gross domestic product, which supports the ‘resource curse’ theory. Finally, the short-run analysis showed that the system will come back to equilibrium. The study recommends that policymakers should formulate policies that will encourage and attract both local and international investors in this industry, especially in mining production excluding gold.