Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Submergence Tolerance and Ethanolic Fermentation In Rice Coleoptiles

Abstract The relationship between coleoptile elongation and ethanolic fermentation was investigated in live cultivars of germinating rice Oryza sativa L. ) seeds submerged for 48 h under anoxia. The coleoptile elongation of all cultivars was suppressed by the submergence stress, but their elongation relative to that of respective non-stressed control was the greatest in cv. Yukihikari followed in order by Nipponbare, Kinuhikari, Koshihikari and Sasanishiki. During the stress, alcohol dehydrogenase activity and ethanol concentration in the coleoptiles of all cultivars were increased. The increased activity and concentration were the greatest in Yukihikari followed by the other cultivars in the same order as above. The ethanol concentration in the stressed coleoptiles of five cultivars closely correlated with their coleoptile elongation. These results confirm that the ability to increase ethanolic fermentation may play an important role in the coleoptile elongation under the submergence stress condition.
Association of RS 7903146 (C/T) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism at Transcription Factor 7 Like 2 Gene with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Approximately 462 million people suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide, and its prevalence is projected to increase to 7079 individuals per 100,000 by 2030. The rapid increase in the prevalence of this disease is likely a result of multiple environmental factors as increased food intake and decreased physical activity in genetically predisposed individuals. Patients with T2DM are vulnerable to developing secondary complications like retinopathy, and nephropathy. For that reason, great effort has been made to identify genes associated with T2DM. Many loci were found to be associated with T2DM risk in various populations and ethnic groups as the transcription factor 7-like-2 gene (TCF7L2) gene (rs7903146) [C/T] polymorphism locus on chromosome 10q. The TCF7L2 (rs7903146) (C/T) contributes to the disease through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway affecting pancreatic islet development, expression of several genes involved in insulin granules exocytosis, and the incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) gene.
Interseeding novel cool-season annual legumes to improve bermudagrass paddocks

Interseeding nontraditional, cool-season legumes into bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ] paddocks was evaluated as an approach to increasing the quality and duration of forage production and replacing a portion of the N fertilizer required in the southern Great Plains. We compared the effects of interseeding either grass pea (Lathyrus sativa L. 'AC-Greenfix') or lentil (Lens culinaris Med. 'Indianhead') with N fertilizer rates of 0, 45, or 90 kg ha -1 N. All plots received 60 kg P 2 0 5 ha -1 in early March. The legume and fertilizer treatments were imposed in mid-March during 2001, 2002, and 2003. Forage samples were clipped from 0.25 m -2 quadrats on five sampling dates between 1 May and 15 July each year. Yield, N concentration, species composition, and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) were determined. Year, sampling date, and treatment showed significant (P < 0.05) effects, as did the two-way interactions between all three factors. Total end-of-season standing dry matter of bermudagrass and grass pea was 5550 ± 423 (SEM) kg ha -1 , which was similar to biomass production with 45 kg ha -1 N (5305 ± 570 kg ha -1 ) and less than that produced with 90 kg ha -1 N (7785 ± 725 kg ha -1 ). Forage N and IVDDM concentrations for the grass pea treatment were 34 and 6% higher than for bermudagrass, but N and IVDDM concentrations of the forage mixture were intermediate between the higher N rates. Although additional studies are needed to optimize management for the interseeded legumes, we conclude that this practice can improve the quality and duration of bermudagrass forage production in this region.
A Useful Role for Theory in Conservation

Conservation biology has frequently been designated a "crisis discipline" (Soule 1985, Maguire 1991). This moniker refers both to the urgency of the issues that conservation biologists seek to address and to the fact that during crises there is rarely time to assess a situation carefully before one must act. Indeed, the paucity of data available for most endangered species, communities, and ecosystems often forces biologists and policy makers to make management decisions without any quantitative information. Further, this lack of data may be insoluble: many management decisions have to be made hurriedly, and rarity itself precludes the quick or easy collection of data on threatened species or communities.
The Effects of Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin and Estradiol on Gluconeogenesis and Hepatic Glycogen Formation in the Rat

Summary In vivo gluconeogenesis and hepatic glycogen content were evaluated in ovariectomized rats following estradiol and hu man chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) treatment. Glu coneogenesis was significantly decreased in animals receiving estradiol. This occurred coincident with hyperinsulinemia. In animals receiving HCS, insulin also was elevated, however no inhibition of gluconeogenesis was observed in these animals. Combined treatment with estradiol and HCS resulted in gluconeogenic inhibition which was comparable to that obtained with estradiol treatment alone. This occurred in the face of elevations in serum insulin approximately twice that observed with either HCS or estradiol treatment alone. Hepatic glycogen content was increased in the estradiol treated animals and was comparably elevated in the animals receiving both HCS and estradiol. These observations suggest that HCS opposes the effects of insulin on hepatic me
Seasonal variation in geographic distribution of North East Arctic (NEA) cod – survey coverage in a warmer Barents Sea

Abstract Shifts in the geographic distribution of fish influence coverage of a stock in scientific surveys, and variation in climate and abundance of the stock are potential factors influencing this. During the winter survey for demersal fish in the Barents Sea in 2011, 6–7-year-old North East Arctic (NEA) cod (2004/2005 year-classes) appeared in unexpectedly high numbers. We investigated the geographic distribution of NEA cod during winter and autumn, using new survey data from the autumn ecosystem survey. The results provide new insight into the seasonal age-specific geographic distribution of NEA cod, which is used to evaluate how well the winter survey has covered different age groups. We found that the winter survey seems to have consistently under-covered 1–3-year-old cod. Older cod gradually reappeared in the survey area, fully returning as 6–7 years old. The autumn ecosystem survey covered all age groups and year-classes. The 2004/2005 year-classes were more widely distributed than the weaker 2003 year-class, and were closer to the survey area border in winter as 1–4-year-olds. The relationship between geographic distribution and survey coverage seems to explain the deviation in the survey indices. The unexpected results for ages 6 and 7 in the 2011 winter survey are probably caused by under-coverage of younger ages in the preceding years, and this could have been exaggerated by the combination of high temperatures and abundant year-classes. These findings have implications for the winter survey as a source for abundance indices to the stock assessment.
Experimental enlargement of nest size does not increase risk of predation or brood parasitism in the Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus

We assessed whether nest size affects the probability of nest loss using dyads of large and small (large being twice the size of small) inactive Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus nests placed at similar sites in Great Reed Warbler territories. Large nests were not predated significantly more frequently than small nests. Experimentally enlarged active Great Reed Warbler nests suffered non-significantly higher predation compared with non-manipulated control nests. Our experiments did not support the nest-size hypothesis and suggested that nest size does not appear to be a factor affecting the risk of nest predation in this species. The probability of brood parasitism by the Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus was also unaffected by experimental nest enlargement, supporting the commonly accepted hypothesis that the Common Cuckoo searches for suitable host nests by host activity during nest building rather than nest size.
Optimal allocation of resources to growth and reproduction

Abstract In this paper we present a model in continuous time that allows us to analyse how an individual should allocate resources to growth and reproduction in order to maximize its lifetime contribution to future generations. Assuming that the death rate only depends on age, the allocation of energy is the solution of an optimization problem defined by a life history model. Making particular assumptions for the individual′s potential for growth and reproduction covering many situations of biological interest, the precise solution can be written up explicitely. Hence the effect of the various parameters may be analysed in detail. In general, the individual should first use all its energy to growth, then at a certain age invest a proportion of energy into reproduction. This fraction increases as the individual grow older. In some situations growth finally stops, while for other parameter values the individual continue to grow until it dies. This model was used to examine, for the von Bertanlanffy′s growth curve, the effects on age and size at maturity of changing the age-specific mortality rates. In general, the growth changes From a determinate growth to an indeterminate growth pattern when the mortality rate increases. In particular, a strong effect was found when the juvenile mortality increased. Rapid growth was also found to favour early maturation.
The influence of macrophyte beds on plankton communities and their export from fluvial lakes in the St Lawrence River

1. To determine the influence of macrophyte beds on plankton abundance within fluvial lakes of the St Lawrence River, planktonic components (macrozooplankton, heterotrophic bacteria, and phytoplankton as chlorophyll-a [Chl-a]) were sampled in Lake St Francis and Lake St Pierre during summer 1998. We tested the hypothesis that the abundance of planktonic components was higher within macrophyte beds in comparison to the more rapidly flushed open water areas of the fluvial lakes. 2. The large cross channel variation in zooplankton biomass was indeed correlated with the presence of dense beds of submerged macrophytes. Total macrozooplankton biomass was nine-fold greater within the beds (mean = 180 ? g L-1 dry mass) than in either the open water or areas with only sparse vegetation (mean = 20 ? g L-1 dry mass). 3. Chl-a and heterotrophic bacterial abundance were also higher in the beds, but only slightly so. There was no difference in total phosphorus or dissolved organic carbon concentrations between areas of dense vegetation, sparse vegetation or open water. 4. Macrophyte beds on the margins of the fluvial lakes allow the development of high planktonic abundance relative to the fast flowing central channel. Macrozooplankton biomass was much higher at the outflows of the lakes (? 50 ? g L-1 dry mass) in comparison to the inflows (< 20 ? g L-1 dry mass). The increase is due to the transfer of organisms from submerged macrophyte beds into the central channel in the downstream quarter of the two lakes where the marginal littoral waters enter central channel waters. 5. Along rivers, shallow fluvial lakes appear to act as sources of plankton which is exported downstream during years of extensive littoral macrophyte development.
His and Her Earnings Following Parenthood in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom

This article advances a couple-level framework to examine how parenthood shapes within-family gender inequality by education in three countries that vary in their normative and policy context: the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. We trace mothers’ share of couple earnings and variation by her education in the 10-year window around first birth, using long-running harmonized panel surveys from the 1990s and 2000s (N = 4,117 couples and 28,488 couple-years) and an event study methodology that leverages within-couple variation in earnings pre- and post-birth. Our results show steep declines in her share of couple earnings following first birth across the three countries that persist over several years of follow-up. Declines are smallest in the United States, due to U.S. mothers’ higher employment and longer work hours. Declines are also smaller among female partners without a college degree in the United States, where mothers have less work-family support and fewer options to manage work and family on one income. Results shed light on how parenthood plays into gender inequality within couples, and how country context shapes couple dynamics and inequality across households.
The Phosphate-Based Composite Materials Filled with Nano-Sized BaTiO3 and Fe3O4: Toward the Unfired Multiferroic Materials

The composite material filled with nano-sized BaTiO3 and Fe3O4 was designed and studied. The aluminium phosphate ceramics was used as a matrix. The XRD analysis demonstrates only the crystalline structure of the fillers used. The thermogravimetric analysis proves the thermal stability of the composites up to 950 K. The Maxwell–Wagner relaxation was observed in the dielectric spectra of the investigated composites. The dielectric spectroscopy proves the close contact between the nanoparticles with the different ferroic ordering. The phosphate-based composites have been proved to be a prospective candidate for the multiphase multiferroic materials design and development.
Confusion of Group Interest and Self-Interest in Parochial Cooperation on Behalf of a Group

People often sacrifice their self-interest for a group to which they belong, even when outsiders are harmed so that the sacrifice has no net benefit. Two experiments (conducted on the World Wide Web) suggest that people do this, in part, because they think that cooperation on behalf of the group is in their narrow self-interest; they show an enhanced self-interest illusion. One experiment found that the self-interest illusion is related to the enhanced tendency to cooperate on behalf of a group when the insiders' gain is the outsiders' loss. A second experiment found that the illusion (and the resulting parochial cooperation) was reduced when subjects were required to calculate all gains and losses.
New Species and New Records of the Perinereis nuntia Species Group (Nereididae: Polychaeta) from Taiwan and Other Indo-West Pacific Shores

This study was undertaken in order to describe new and poorly known species of the Perinereis nuntia species group (Nereididae: Polychaeta), which are concurrently being investigated genetically. Six species are described from intertidal waters of Taiwan and adjacent areas, including southern Japan, east-central and southeastern China, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia (Java). These include P. mictodonda (Marenzeller, 1879), P. nuntia (Savigny, 1818), P. rhombodonta (Wu, Sun and Yang, 1981), and 3 new species, P. shikueii sp. nov., P. viridis sp. nov., and P. wilsoni sp. nov. Literature records of P. nuntia brevicirris from the region are referred to as P. mictodonta; those of P. nuntia vallata are referred to as P. wilsoni sp. nov. All species can be distinguished by a combination of pharyngeal paragnath numbers and the arrangement, and length ratios of the dorsal cirrus to dorsal notopodial ligule of the anterior and posterior parapodia. A key to tropical and subtropical Indo-West Pacific species of the P. nuntia species group is provided. All species inhabit intertidal sandy substrata under rocks or boulders, except P. viridis sp. nov., which occurs on reef shores in rock crevices. Perinereis wilsoni sp. nov. is found on rocky or reef limestone coasts, whereas the other 4 species occur mainly on sedimentary intertidal flats. The high diversity of the P. nuntia species group in Taiwan is attributed to a combination of factors including intrinsic reproductive features and Taiwan, s position straddling 2 major biogeographic regions: the tropical Indo-West Pacific and the temperate Japan-East China Sea. The present results reveal a degree of sympatry not previously reported for the genus.
Host fidelity over geologic time: restricted use of oaks by oak gallwasps

Abstract. Oaks and their associated gallwasps are often cited as a classic example of coevolution in a plant-insect system. Therefore, it is expected that these gallwasps should demonstrate a high degree of host fidelity over their evolutionary history. To test this, we studied 25 fossil floras from the Oligocene through Pliocene of the western United States. Galls were found on the leaves of Quercus simulata-type Knowlton, 1898 and Q. pollardiana-type (Knowlton) Axelrod, 1940, and match previously reported galls of the form genus Antronoides Waggoner and Poteet, 1996. These fossil leaf-galls are similar to those made on oaks by modern Cynipini wasps, and were restricted to two oak species. Galls are present on these oaks in western floras for a span of 30 million years, indicative of remarkable host fidelity through time. The distribution of galled leaves from across the western United States indicates that the radiation of this group of gallwasps occurred more or less simultaneously across a wide geographic area.
Long‐term therapeutic effect in nonhuman primate eye from a single injection of anti‐VEGF controlled release hydrogel

Abstract Wet age‐related macular degeneration (wet‐AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Current treatment of AMD requires monthly intravitreal injection, which is difficult to be implemented in many parts of the world. In recent years, controlled release of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapeutics has attracted intense research interest aiming to reduce the injection frequency to one or two times per year. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo pharmacokinetics and the long‐term therapeutic efficacy of an in situ hydrogel encapsulating an anti‐VEGF antibody in nonhuman primates. We show that after a single injection of anti‐VEGF controlled release hydrogel, a relatively constant concentration of drug can be maintained in the monkey eye for at least 5 months and the dose was sufficient for the treatment of recurrent choroidal neovascularization induced by repeat laser photocoagulation in monkeys. Our result suggested that when formulated into a controlled release formulation, a single dose of anti‐VEGF may be sufficient for a half‐year treatment and controlled release may be a suitable strategy to reduce the injection frequency in the treatment of AMD in human.
Turkish Neonatal Society guideline to the approach, follow-up, and treatment of neonatal jaundice

Jaundice is one of the most common problems in the newborn. It is generally accepted as a physiologic condition; most cases are benign and transient. However, in a small portion of jaundiced newborn infants, serum bilirubin concentrations increase to a level at which irreversible brain damage can occur. The timely diagnosis and management of severe hyperbilirubinemia is essential to prevent acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus. Kernicterus still occurs although it is almost always preventable. The focus of this guideline is to reduce the incidence of severe hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin encephalopathy. Therefore, a system-based approach using the recommendations of this guideline should be implemented in all birthing facilities and continued in ambulatory care of the newborn infants.
LDL cholestérol chez le diabétique de type 2 nouvellement diagnostiqué au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Introduction : le LDL cholesterol est implique dans la pathogenie de l’angiopathie diabetique. Notre objectif etait de determiner les valeurs du LDL cholesterol et leurs consequences dans l’indication des statines ainsi que les facteurs associes a l’hypercholesterolemie LDL chez les diabetiques de type 2 nouvellement diagnostiques a Ouagadougou. Patients et methodes : il s’agissait d’une etude transversale descriptive realisee de mai 2015 a juin 2016 en Medecine interne (CHUYO). Elle concernait un echantillon accidentel de diabetiques de type 2 nouvellement diagnostiques, vus en consultation. Ceux naifs de traitement antidiabetique et consentants etaient inclus. Les gestantes, les cas de dyslipidemie secondaire et d’urgence diabetique n’etaient pas inclus. L’hypercholesterolemie LDL etait definie par une cholesterolemie LDL > 4,2 mmol/l. L’indication des statines etait evaluee sur les criteres ADA, SCORE, Framingham et OMS/ISH. Les tests de Khi2 et de Student etaient utilises pour comparer les proportions et moyennes au seuil significatif de p < 5%. Une analyse multivariee dans un modele de regression logistique binaire avec des pas a pas descendants a permis de determiner les facteurs associes a l’hypercholesterolemie LDL. Resultats : Cent trois patients etaient inclus. L’âge moyen etait de 49,3±10,1 ans et le sex-ratio 0,51. L’HTA existait chez 21 (20,4%) patients et le syndrome metabolique (SM) chez 39 (37,9%). La moyenne de la glycemie etait de 13,7±4,9 mmol/l et celle du LDL cholesterol 3,4±1,3 mmol/l [extremes: 0,6 et 7,3]. L’hypercholesterolemie LDL existait chez 30 (29,1%) patients. En analyse univariee, l’HTA (p=0,02) et le SM (p=0,0001) y etait associes. En analyse multivariee dans le modele de regression logistique, seul le syndrome metabolique demeurait associe (p=0,009). Quatre-vingt-dixsept patients (94,1%) etaient en indication de prevention par les statines selon au moins un critere. Conclusion : L’hypercholesterolemie LDL est frequente surtout en presence d’un syndrome metabolique; les statines sont indiquees chez la quasi-totalite des diabetiques de type 2 nouvellement diagnostiques. Mots cles : LDL cholesterol, Diabete de type 2, Risque cardio-vasculaire, Statines, Burkina Faso.
Retrospective Study to evaluate factors associated with Glycaemic Control among Rural patients conducted at private clinic in Patna

Objective: The objective of this study is to highlight the challenges and success faced by a Diabetes Centre in Patna, monitored and managed, using Hb1Ac as a measure of glycaemic control. Methods: From patients OPD records demographic cross sectional data were collected. Medical records of patients who had visited one specialised diabetic clinic at Patna were included in the study and the demographic details including Age, sex, residential postcodeand glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were noted from their medical records. Results: 524 (58.7%) patients were termed as “Metro Patients” and 368 (41.1%) were termed as “Rural Patients”. At initial baseline presentation only 230 (25.8%) patients were ay glycemic control of HbA1c≤7% in which 28% male and 25.3% female were from metro town and 24.8% male and 24.12% females were from rural town. This number was increased to 551 (62%) after proper treatment and there was more number of patients achieved glycemic control in metro town as compare to patients who were belongs to rural area. Conclusion: Overall improvement in diabetes control was noticed among patients who attend the studied diabetes centre, however a negligible change over time were observed in female patients residing in town over time. Even within the diabetes centre, intensive intervention my needed for uncontrolled patient groups to achieve optimal diabetes control.