Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The interaction of tropical and extratropical airmass controlling East Asian summer monsoon progression

Abstract. The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is a complex phenomenon, influenced by both tropical and mid-latitude dynamics and by the presence of the Tibetan Plateau. The EASM front neatly separates tropical and extratropical air masses as the monsoon marches northwards. Although the different factors behind EASM progression are illustrated in a number of studies, their interactions, in particular between tropical and extratropical air masses, still need to be clarified. In this study we apply Eulerian and Lagrangian methods to the ERA5 reanalysis dataset to provide a comprehensive study of the seasonal evolution and variability of the EASM, and we highlight the dynamics of the air masses converging at its front. A frontal detection algorithm is used to perform a front-centred analysis of EASM evolution. The analysis highlights the primary role of the sub-tropical westerly jet (STWJ) in controlling the strength and the poleward progression of the EASM front, in particular during Mei Yu, one of the stages of EASM progression. The upper-level mid-latitude forcing acts in conjunction with the southerly advection of low-level moist tropical air, modulated by the seasonal cycle of the South Asian monsoon and by the location of the Western North Pacific subtropical high. The Mei Yu stage is distinguished by an especially clear interaction between tropical and mid-latitude air masses converging at the EASM front. The analysis of composites based on the latitude of the EASM front during Mei Yu reveals the influence of the STWJ on the strength of the mid-latitude flow impacting on the northern side of the EASM front. In turn, this affects the extent of the warm moist advection on its southern side and the distribution and intensity of resultant rainfall over China. This study shows the validity of an analysis of EASM evolution focused on its front and on the related low-level airstreams, at least in the Mei Yu stage. The framework highlighted shows how the upper-level flow drives the low-level airstreams that converge at the EASM front, thus controlling the shape of EASM progression. This framework provides a basis for studies of climate variability and extreme events and for model evaluation.
implementing the Expected Goal (xG) model to predict scores in soccer matches

Football is a sport that has the most fans in the world. What makes sebak patterns so popular are their uncertain and unpredictable results. There are many factors that affect the outcome of a football match, including strategy, skill, and even luck. Therefore, guessing the results of a soccer match is an interesting problem. All shots are grouped into sections on the playing field and theoretical goal scores are applied to each area. The factors analyzed are: distance of shot from goal and angle of shot in relation to goal. When calculating xG, it is recommended that the distance and angle of the shot are important. The combination of the two xG factors is better calculated than each variable only. In addition, this xG check has been able to relatively accurately identify the mid-table teams that score and concede goals.
An Economical Approach to theSynthesis of Unsaturated Thiacrown Ethers

The inexpensive starting material, 1,1-dichloroethylene, wasused as a substitute for 1,2-dichloroethylene to synthesize unsaturatedthiacrown ethers through the reaction of 1,1-dichloroethylene withsodium sulfide in the presence of a 15-crown-5 catalyst. Besidesthe compounds containing CIS-carbon-carbondouble bonds, two unsaturated thiacrown ethers each containing one TRANS-carbon-carbon double bondwere also isolated.
Management of Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (OYVMV) Through Selected Insecticides and Light Reflecting Colored Mulches

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of light reflecting colored mulches and only one time spraying with selected insecticides to control the insect vector of Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (OYVMV) whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) at the central farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207. The experiment was carried out in three blocks layouted with RCBD comprising eight treatments viz. T0 (control/no spray), T1 (1 time spray with imitaf), T2 (1 time spray with protect), T3 (1 time spray with tiddo plus), T4 (1 time spray with terbine), T5 (light reflecting silver color mulch), T6 (light reflecting red color mulch) and T7 (light reflecting black color mulch) with three replications. The mulches were used before sowing and insecticides were sprayed at 30 DAS. It was observed that among the light reflecting colored mulches, the lowest disease incidence (11.48%) was recorded in the plots which mulched with red color mulch (T6). Among the insecticides, the lowest disease incidence (30.17%) was recorded in plots that was sprayed with terbine (one time). Yield and yield contributing characters, morphological and physiological features of okra plant that changes due to disease infection which cause damages in okra production and reduce the fruit quality as well as market value was also the part of this study. Yield and yield contributing characters showed significant variance among the selected treatments. In the relationship study, it was noticed that the yield and plant height was showed negative relationship with disease incidence. However, considering all measuring parameters, spraying with terbine (one time) and used red color mulch may be recommended as good management approaches that will give higher okra production and lower disease incidence of Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (OYVMV).
Study of P and S Wave Quality Factor (Qα and Qβ) Around Mt. Jailolo

Mt. Jailolo is a B type volcano that has never erupted after 1600. Seismic activities around Mt. Jailolo have never been recorded until the swarm in November 2015. Several studies have been done to determine thecause of the swarm, but it is not certain whether the cause of the swarm is tectonic or volcanic activities. The study of attenuation characteristics has never been carried out in the area around Mt. Jailolo. Attenuation characteristics are important to provide the medium information which seismic waves pass through and it can also be applied to the volcanic areas as preliminary disaster mitigation. The main objective of this study is to analyze attenuation characteristics often expressed by Quality factor (Q-factor) of P and S seismic wave (Qα and Qβ), which are inversely proportional to attenuation factor (1/Q). Calculations of Qα and Qβ are obtained using coda normalization method. The study area location is around Mt. Jailolo at 127.3◦ - 127.6◦E and 0.9◦ - 1.2◦ N. Data have been collected with 12 Short Period temporary 7G sensors network belongs to GFZ and BMKG. This study uses 147 swarm events from the sensors with a threshold magnitude of Mw< 5.0, during April 2017. The study obtains Qα(f) = 9.61814f 1.12981 and Qβ(f) = 19.10690f 1.22843. The current analysis concludes that the attenuation beneath Mt. Jailolo corresponds to the volcanic swarms which may have been triggered by its deeper layer’s magmatic activity.
Effect of some natural extracts on growth and flowering of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis plant

An experiment was undertaken at the nursery of Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt during 2018 and 2019 seasons to examine the effect of moringa, thyme and marjoram natural leaf extracts on growth and flowering of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis transplants when applied as a foliar spray at concentrations of 0, 1.25 and 2.5% for each, twice every month, individually or in combination during the growing season. The results showed that all treatments caused significant increments in the means of plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and leaves/plant, leaf area, main root length and thickness, as well as number of leaves, stem and fresh and dry weights of roots with few exceptions in the two seasons. However, some treatments gave better results in some characters than others and vice-versa, but the dominance was for moringa + marjoram extracts combined treatment at 1.25 % rate for each. Increasing the rate of application from 1.25% to 2.5% induced an additional improvement in some traits. A similar response also occurred regarding flowering traits and concentration of some constituents determined in the leaves. Accordingly, it can be advised to spray the foliage of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis plants with moringa and marjoram leaf extracts in combination at 1.25 % rate for each during the growing season, once every 15 days to obtain a clean and safe product with better growth and flowering performance.
Leather manufacturing by using treated municipal wastewaters

Leather processing requires copious amounts of freshwater, approximately between 15 and 20 L per kg of raw hide. The possibility of reusing reclaimed municipal wastewaters in the leather production assumes a great significance, proving a sustainable solution to the conservation of the groundwater reserves. In the present work, a combination of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane processes was investigated for the municipal wastewater reclamation, and their performances were evaluated and designed to meet water quality criteria required by the wet stages of tanning process. The results showed that the municipal wastewaters treated by combing MBR and NF met the required quality criteria in terms of total/permanent hardness, Fe, Mn and ammonium contents. The quality of the leathers produced both on pilot and industrial scale using treated water did not show any significant difference in terms of physical and technical properties, and satisfied fully the tannery specifications.
Utilization of mucilage extracted from taro tubers (Colocasia esculenta) in canned beef

The commercial gelatin is not accepted from some Muslim community because it might be extracted from pig. This issue led to searching for alternative gelatin sources. This study aims to investigate the possibility of utilization of natural binders extracted from plant sources such as mucilage extracted from taro (Colocasia esculenta) as an alternative gelatin in different concentrations (1, 2 and 3%) in canned beef products. In this study we evaluated the physical properties, minerals (K, P, Na, Ca, Zn, Pb and Cd), antioxidant activity and total phenolic for taro mucilage. Chemical quality characteristics, texture profile, microbiology analysis and sensory evaluation were evaluated in the canned beef products. The comparison study between taro mucilage treatments and commercial gelatin showed the taro mucilage (TM2) had a higher value of emulsion capacity (35.71 g water/g sample) and oil absorption (2.84 g oil/g sample) than gelatin (14.28 g water/g sample), (0.8 g oil/g sample); respectively. Water absorption values were higher in the commercial gelatin (37.80g water/g sample), compared to the taro mucilage treatments (TM1, TM2 and TM3) that were 23.48, 24.28 and23.20g water/g sample, respectively. Viscosity value was higher in taro mucilage treatment (TM2) (625cp) compared to the other all treatment. The total phenolic content in taro mucilage was 32.2mg gallic acid/g). In conclusion, adding hydrocolloid material (taro mucilage) to canned meat improved the stability of the samples during storage at room temperature for six months. On the other side, this material improved the texture profile, and organoleptic properties of canned beef.
Sustainable Agroforestry Practice in Jessore District of Bangladesh

The systematic Agroforestry practice is being popular day by day in Monirampur Upazilla of Jessore district of Bangladesh. Considering this situation, the present research work was conducted with a view to know agroforestry practice and to find out the potentialities of agroforestry based on sustainability. Multistage sampling technique method by using semi-structured questionnaires was followed in the field survey to collect data and information in the year of 2014-2016 from 140 respondents in Monirampur Upazilla of Jessore district in Bangladesh to fulfill the purpose of the research. The results showed that most of the respondents are middle aged (45%), education level is primary (32%) with medium size family (54%) and 74% of the respondents are involved in agriculture. Communication exposure is very low (70%) with low organizational participation (55%). The results illustrated that the respondents preferred homestead agroforestry (55%) as their major land use practice followed by livestock under tree cover (16%), tree crop association (13%), boundary plantation (9%) and woodlot agroforestry (7%) in the research area. Besides, 80% respondents get all benefits (environmental, social, economic, and biological) followed by economic benefit directly (10%), social benefit directly (5%), environmental benefit directly (3%), and biological benefit directly (2%). Most of them (90%) get security, employment generation and household income which accelerate their livelihood pattern. Majority respondents (64%) showed more favorable attitudes, 29% respondents showed favorable attitudes, only 7% showed neutral attitudes and no one shows negative attitudes towards agroforestry. Housing condition, proper sanitation, and asset possessions before practicing agroforestry were 40%, 77% and 35% respectively and after practicing agroforestry that changed condition are 75%,100% and 60% which revealed that peoples are benefitted due to practice of agroforestry. The result also revealed that majority primary educated respondents are involved in agriculture with medium size family mostly practiced mixed agroforestry around homestead along with livestock under tree cover, tree crop association, boundary plantation, woodlot agroforestry through possessing more favorable attitudes which ensures environmental, social, economical, biological benefits, enhance livelihood pattern, security, employment, household income etc. But communication exposure and organizational participation should be increased to adopt more technique and technology. Thus, agroforestry improve the proper utilization of resources; enhance environmentally friendly, socio-economic sustainable production system and livelihood which is socially reasonable and economically feasible through diversification of input and output which reflects that agroforestry is a sustainable system in Bangladesh.
Perceptions of Working Conditions and Work-related Stress in Iceland

* Corresponding author: Inga Minelgaite, e-mail: inm@hi.is Research Question: This study examines the attitudes of 106 of Iceland’s highest-level public officials towards their current work conditions and the constraints around them. Motivation: Rapidly changing internal and external environments create pressure on organizations to perform, which in turn place heightened demands and expectations on individuals who lead them. This situation demands to continuously revisit empirical evidence on perceived working conditions and work-related stress of top management. Furthermore, specific contexts, e.g., organization or country, might provide new insights and contribute to the existing body of knowledge. Idea: The aim of this study was to assess work conditions that could potentially contribute to work-related stress among top leaders in public agencies. In addition, gender differences regarding perceptions of workload, work-stress, and work-family conflict were examined. Data: A 10-item questionnaire was sent electronically to all 154 leaders of the highest government institutions in Iceland. The response rate was 69.2% (n=107). Tools: The items were selected and adapted from the QPS Nordic Questionnaire. All items were in five-point Likert-type format (1=very rarely to 5=very often/always), where participants indicated the extent to which they experienced a variety of work-related stressors. Findings: Results indicated that these leaders are potentially at risk of elevated work stress due to insufficient budgets and flexibility to control workflows. Likewise, there are strong patterns that indicate that, despite often feeling overworked and stressed, these leaders are given little feedback on their performance. Compared to men, women appear to feel that their workloads are more burdensome, and statistically significant findings support this. There were no significant gender effects for overall work-family conflict or overall work stress, although patterns suggest that in women they are slightly higher on both. Contribution: This paper provides information about public leaders’ attitudes in Iceland towards stress-inducing work conditions, giving future researchers and practitioners a platform to better pinpoint how to provide necessary support.
Ethical Principles and Procurement Management in Selected Public Secondary Schools in Kericho County, Kenya.

Ethical practices are norms that are accepted and should be adopted in institutions to ensure a flawless procurement management process. The procurement system varies depending on the organisation in a major way due to the fact that most projects are donor-funded, thus creating inconsistency in public schools. This study aimed to determine the relationship between ethical principles and procurement management in selected public secondary schools in Kericho County. The study was guided by the following theories deontological theory and virtue ethical theory. The study adopted a correlation research design. The target population used 220 public secondary schools, which comprised of 1100 tendering committees. The study used stratified and simple random sampling techniques to sample the school. The sample size was 294 respondents, which were derived using Yamane’s formula. Questionnaires were used for data collection. It is hoped that the findings of the study may benefit school management, scholars, policymakers, and other stakeholders. Descriptive and inferential methods were utilised for data analysis and presentation. ANOVA results indicated that ethical principles had a significant relationship with procurement management (p < 0.05). Ethical principles should be adhered to since it has improved procurement management significantly. Therefore, there is a need to tighten internal control systems in detecting procurement corruption and fraud to ensure integrity in the process.
Floristic Composition and Structure in Relation to Elevation in the Togo Plateau Forest Reserve in Ghana

Plateau ecosystems are of special scientific and conservation interests as they harbour rich plant diversity and exhibit considerable spatial variability along elevation gradients. In this study, variations in floristic composition and structure in relation to elevation were studied in six-fringed communities Hohoe (HH), Alavanyo (AL), Santrokofi (SA), Akpafu (AK), Bowuri (BO), and Nkonya (NK) of the Togo Plateau Forest Reserve in Ghana to better provide explicit and effective management of this ecological hotspot. A total of 180 plots (each measuring 25m × 25m) were demarcated across the six communities for sampling of trees (DBH measured at 1.3 m above ground ≥10 cm). Smaller nested plots, measuring 5m × 5m and 1m × 1m were used for sampling saplings (DBH < 10 cm, height > 1.5 m) and seedlings (DBH < 3 cm, height < 1.5 m), respectively. Species identity and abundance and elevation were recorded for each plot. Relationships of elevation gradients with vegetation attributes were analysed using simple linear regression and R software package. A total of 281 plant species (164 trees, 60 saplings and 57 seedlings) belonging to 66 families were recorded in the study. Leguminosae, Apocynaceae and Euphorbiaceae were the most dominant families across and along the elevation gradient. The average basal area of trees was calculated as 44.72 m2/ha and varied across the six communities (ranged from 57.10 m2/ha at BO to 33.10 m2/ha at AL) whereas the Shannon-Weiner Index (H’) averaged as 3.99 and varied across the six communities (ranged from4.14 m2/ha at BO to 3.89m2/ha at AL) and evenness index averaged as 0.96 (ranged from1.00at BO to 0.92 at AL). The saplings and seedlings also follow a similar pattern of composition and structure. The geographical locations of the study communities which somehow correspond with different elevations to the plateau (i.e., BO, NK occur in lower elevations, SA, AL in mid elevations and HH, AL in higher elevations) has been identified as the drivers of the composition and structure across the communities on the landscape. The most important trees listed in the study were C. pentandra, A. zygia, and T. superba. The saplings were A. camerunensis, M. puberula and C. ferruginea. The seedlings were C. odorata, P. hirsuta and C. affer. The most important tree species listed were distributed along a broad range of elevation. Results obtained revealed high biodiversity of the plateau. These findings may lead to a better understanding of the composition and structure of several plateau ecosystems found in Ghana and elsewhere.
Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine

The aim of this paper was to study the indications and patterns of limb amputations in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, a retrospective study of 142 limb amputations performed in patients admitted to the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, South-South, Nigeria. Data was obtained from theater records and the medical record department of the hospital after due ethical approval. The data spanned a period of 10 years (from January 2004 to December 2014). A total of 142 patients were seen. The age ranged from 8 to 87 years with a mean age of 46 years  SD 17.9 years and a male to female ratio of 2.3:1. Adults accounted for 95.8% while 4.2% were children. Emergency procedures accounted for 47.9% of the amputations. Diabetic foot gangrene was the major cause of lower limb amputation 91 (64.1%), trauma accounted for 27 (19%) of these, 15.5% were due to road traffic accidents, and 3.5% were cases of gunshot injuries. Tumors and limb ischemia accounted for 9.2 and 2.8%, respectively. Electrical injury, industrial accidents, and ischemic limbs from tight tourniquet splints by traditional bonesetters were the common causes of upper limb amputations. Most of the amputations were on the lower limb (83.7%) with the left lower limb accounting for 47.8% and the right lower limb accounting for 35.9% . Upper limb amputations accounted for 15.4% with right and left upper limbs being 8.4 and 7.0%, respectively . Only one patient had bilateral lower limb amputation(0.7%). For the levels of amputation, the majority were below knee 54 (38%) followed by above elbow 38 (26.8%) amputations (Figure 1); others were ray amputation of the foot and hand as 28 (19.7%) and 8 (5.6%), respectively. The least was below elbow amputation 6 (4.2%). The study showed that 96% of the causes were potentially preventable, and that establishment of a prosthetic-orthotic center is needed in this part of the country.
Susceptibility of Malignant Brain Tumors to 5-aminolaevulinic Acid Mediated Photodynamic Therapy: Direct Phototoxicity and Immunological Effects

Recently we published the article ‘Accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in medulloblastoma cell lines and sensitivity to subsequent photodynamic treatment’ [1]. In this commentary, we review protoporphyrin IX accumulation after application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid and the resulting sensitivity of medulloblastoma cells to photodynamic therapy. We compare the results to glioblastoma cells, including glioblastoma stem-like cells, and address the contribution of the transporter adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) as well as the enzyme ferrochelatase to the process. We discuss possible strategies to improve efficiency of photodynamic therapy, particularly in the clinical setting and highlight the contribution of the antitumoral immune response to the efficacy of this novel treatment modality for brain tumors.