Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Habitat use by the southern flying squirrel at a hemlock-northern hardwood ecotone

L'installation de nichoirs artificiels est fort utile pour etudier la biologie et l'ecologie des ecureuils. On evalue ici l'influence d'un ecotone feuillus-Tsuga sur l'utilisation de ces nids par Glaucomys volans et l'on determine quels sont les facteurs lies au microhabitat au voisinage des nids qui influencent ce choix; possibilites d'utiliser un modele statistique multivarie pour predire ce choix
Critical Period for Weed Control in Grafted and Nongrafted Fresh Market Tomato

Field experiments were conducted to determine the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in nongrafted ‘Amelia' and Amelia grafted onto ‘Maxifort' tomato rootstock grown in plasticulture. The establishment treatments (EST) consisted of two seedlings each of common purslane, large crabgrass, and yellow nutsedge transplanted at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 wk after tomato transplanting (WAT) and remained until tomato harvest to simulate weeds emerging at different times. The removal treatments (REM) consisted of the same weeds transplanted on the day of tomato transplanting and removed at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 WAT to simulate weeds controlled at different times. The beginning and end of the CPWC, based on a 5% yield loss of marketable tomato, was determined by fitting log-logistic and Gompertz models to the relative yield data representing REM and EST, respectively. In both grafted and nongrafted tomato, plant aboveground dry biomass increased as establishment of weeds was delayed and tomato plant biomass decreased when removal of weeds was delayed. For a given time of weed removal and establishment, grafted tomato plants produced higher biomass than nongrafted. The delay in establishment and removal of weeds resulted in weed biomass decrease and increase of the same magnitude, respectively, regardless of transplant type. The predicted CPWC was from 2.2 to 4.5 WAT in grafted tomato and from 3.3 to 5.8 WAT in nongrafted tomato. The length (2.3 or 2.5 wk) of the CPWC in fresh market tomato was not affected by grafting; however, the CPWC management began and ended 1 wk earlier in grafted tomato than in nongrafted tomato. Nomenclature: Common purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. ; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. ; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. ; tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Amelia' and ‘Maxifort'.
The Dogme Approach: A Radical Perspective in Second Language Teaching in the Post-Methods Era

This paper aims to critically discuss the Dogme approach, an innovative pedagogy in English language teaching that was first developed by Thornbury (2000). Dogme is rooted in a conglomerate of compatible theories in second language learning and teaching. The most noticeable perspective of the Dogme approach may be that language teachers should not rely solely on prescribed coursebooks, but should instead teach tasks based on learners’ problems and interests. In this article, the authors first conduct a critical review of second language acquisition, pedagogical theories, and post-methods era perspectives to express the aims and significance of this article. After that, the authors discuss different aspects of Dogme and figure out the room for Dogme in English language teaching in the post-methods era. Finally, the authors figure out gaps in research and give further pedagogical recommendations for English language teachers and learners.
Farming the red seaweed, Eucheuma, for carrageenans

The modern food industry requires 10 to 20 times more carrageenan than the wild seaweed crop provides. Part of this need is being met by the research and development reported here on the basic production ecology and agronomy of Eucheuma, a carrageenan-producing tropical seaweed. Other marine algae, such as Chondrus crispus, the "Irish moss" of temperate regions, produce variable mixtures of the different carrageenans. The genus, Eucheuma, can be divided (Table 1) into two groups of species producing, respectively, iota or kappa carrageenan. Currently, something perhaps between 3000 and 4000 dry tons of Eucheuma reach the World market. Most of it goes to the United States with much smaller amounts going to the United Kingdom, France, or Denmark. Largely it comes from Southeast Asia, e.g., the Philippines (Fig. 1) and Indonesia. Wildman (1971) provides both an interesting series of photographs and a variety of information on the Eucheuma industry. The World price might now be $350 (U.S.) per ton if the product were clean, rewashed, dry, and monospecific regardless of the species or kind of carrageenan contained. Deviations from these specifications may reduce the F.O. B. price one-half or two-thirds, but the value has nearly doubled in the past five years.
A review study on botanical pesticides for the management of stored grain insect pests

PUBLICATION INFO International Journal of Agricultural Invention (IJAI) RNI: UPENG/2016/70091 ISSN: 2456-1797 (P) Vol.: 2 Issue: 1 Pages: 64-71 Journal Homepage URL: http://agriinventionjournal.com/ DOI: 10.46492/IJAI/2017.2. 1.15 KEYWORD Sheath Blight, Disease, Rice, Distribution, Systems, Management HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE Kumar, S. , Kumar, O. , Singh, S. P. (2017) A review study on botanical pesticides for the management of stored grain insect pests, International Journal of Agricultural Invention, 2(1): 64-71. DOI: 10.46492/IJAI/2017.2. 1.15
Avances en la fisiología digestiva del robalo blanco (Centropomus undecimalis) en Tabasco, México

El robalo blanco (Centropomus undecimalis, Bloch) es un pez marino de alto valor comercial en el Sureste de Mexico, por lo cual ha sido sobreexplotado mermando sus poblaciones. De esta manera, se han iniciado los estudios para desarrollar su cultivo, donde el entendimiento de la fisiologia digestiva permitira implementar alimentos artificiales que logren mejorar el crecimiento y supervivencia durante su cultivo. El objetivo de esta investigacion es evaluar la capacidad digestiva de C. undecimalis utilizando tecnicas bioquimicas y moleculares. Se tomaron muestras de larvas y juveniles de C. undecimalis para realizar diversos estudios sobre los cambios de las enzimas digestivas (proteasas, lipasas, amilasas y fosfatasas) y su expresion molecular (tripsina, lipasa y ubiquitina), la caracterizacion de proteasas por medio de tecnicas bioquimicas y electroforeticas, asi como la digestibilidad in vitro de ingredientes y alimentos artificiales usando el metodo de pH STAT. El pH optimo de proteasas acidas se encuentra en 2 con alta estabilidad entre 2 y 8, mientras que la temperatura optima es de 75oC con altas estabilidades de 25 a 55oC, la cual fue inhibida en 86% con pepstatin A. Para las proteasas alcalinas el optimo de pH y temperatura fueron de 7 a 11 y 65oC respectivamente, mostrando una elevada resistencia a los cambios de pH y temperatura (4-10 y 35-65oC respectivamente). Estas proteasas se inhibieron con PMSF (60%), ovoalbumina (59%), SBT1 (41%), TLCK (68%), y TPCK (17%), indicando la presencia de serina proteasas, mientras que las metalo proteasas se inhibieron en 40% con EDTA y 85% con 1-10 fenantrolina. El grado de hidrolisis de ingredientes proteinicos mostro que la harina de jaiba, sardina, puerco y sangre de res tienen altos valores para las fases acidas y alcalinas, ademas que la liberacion de aminoacidos fue mayor con la harina de sardina para la fase acida y del hidrolizado de pescado para la fase alcalina. Durante la ontogenia inicial, la tripsina, quimotripsina, L-aminopeptidasa, carboxypeptidasa A, lipasa, amilasa y fosfatasas estan presentes desde la absorcion del vitelo (1 dias post-eclosion, dpe), mostrandose dos picos de actividad entre los 12 y 25 dpe. La Pepsina fue detectada del 34 dpe en adelante. Los zimogramas muestran dos bandas, la primera (26.1 kDa) a los 25 dpe, y la segunda (51.6 kDa) a los 36 dpe. El zimograma de proteasa acida muestra dos bandas (0.32 y 0.51 rf´s) a los 34 dpe. Finalmente, a partir de tejidos de juveniles se lograron amplificar los genes de tripsina, lipasa y ubiquitina, los cuales muestran altas similitudes (>85%) con los mismos genes de otros peces al utilizar el BLAST. De esta manera, el conocimiento de la fisiologia digestiva de C. undecimalis es similar a la de otros peces marinos de habitos alimenticios carnivoros.
Effects of frequency and idiomaticity on second language reading comprehension in children with English as an additional language

Vocabulary plays an important role in reading comprehension in both the L1 and the L2 (Murphy, 2018). In measuring vocabulary knowledge, however, researchers typically focus on mono-lexical units where vocabulary assessments tend not to take into account multi-word expressions which include phrasal verbs, collocations, and idioms. Omitting these multi-word lexical items can lead to an over-estimation of comprehension skills, particularly in reading. Indeed, adult learners of English comprehend texts containing a larger number of multi-word expressions less well compared to texts containing fewer of these expressions, even when the same words are used in each text (Martinez & Murphy, 2011). To investigate whether children learning English as an additional language (EAL) face a similar challenge, two reading comprehension tests were administered to EAL and monolingual (non-EAL) English-speaking children in primary school. Both tests contained the same common words, but whereas in one test some of the words occurred in multi-word expressions, in the other test they did not. Reading comprehension was significantly reduced for both groups of children when multi-word expressions were included. Monolingual Rachel T. Y. Kan, Victoria A. Murphy 580 participants generally performed better than children with EAL on both tests further suggesting that children with EAL may face a particular disadvantage in English reading comprehension. These results are discussed within the context of the importance of developing rich vocabulary knowledge in all children, and especially emergent bilingual children, within primary school and beyond.
The Yearly Circulation of Chloride and Sulfur in Nature; Meteorological, Geochemical and Pedological Implications. Part II

The circulation of air borne oceanic constituents is discussed to the extent available data permit. From data on sea salt particles in the atmosphere and their fall rate it is estimated that they are produced at a rate of the order of magnitude 1000 million tons a year over the ocean areas. About 90 per cent of this is precipitated over the oceans, the rest is carried into continents and is brought back to the sea in rivers. The estimated residence time for sea salt particles in the atmosphere is only a few days, higher for smaller particles, which lose their identity through coalescence, and lower for larger particles, lost by rainout or fallout. From the rate of production of sea salt particles in breaking waves it is concluded that about 0.3 per cent of the ocean areas is covered by breaking waves. On land the residence time of sea salt may vary from a few years in peripherally, drained humid areas to thousands of years in arid areas or areas without peripheral run-off. Geochemical balance computations indicate that a major part of the sulfur in the atmosphere is of oceanic origin but does not originate as chloride through spray emitted from breaking waves. Of chemical reactions taking place in the atmosphere between sea salt constituents the release of HCl from sea salt particles due to absorption of oxidized sulfur dioxide seems to be quantitatively important and mainly responsible for variations in the Cl/Na ratio in precipitation. The deposition of chloride in precipitation over continents shows nicely the main areas of inflow of maritime air. Dry deposition of sea salt components seems to be an important process. The rate of which these constituents are carried to the ground from the air is about 1–2 cm per second, a figure concordant with the turbulent nature of air close to the ground. As for proportions of sea salt components in precipitation some fractionation processes seems to take place at the sea surface (probably involving organic matter derived from surface films). In typical maritime areas there is always an excess cations over inorganic anions suggesting association of some cations with organic acid material in precipitation. The presence of sea salt components in groundwater can be taken advantage of in the estimation of regional evaporation using chloride as an indicator. Reduction of sulfur in groundwaters can cause precipitation of calcium and magnesium, thus modifying the chemical properties of groundwaters considerably. The role of air borne sea salt components for the development and properties of soils is discussed in principle. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1959. tb00048.x
Identification of principal yield attributing traits through multivariate analysis of rainy season guava as influenced by varied micronutrient fertilization

The study is a synthesis of some yield attributing traits of rainy season guava through grown under seven micronutrient treatments (sole and combination of B, Zn and Cu) and a control (without micronutrient). Pooled analyses of two year experimental data are subjected to multivariate analysis (Principle Component Analysis) and biplot analysis to identify the principal yield attributes. Considerable variations were observed in yield attributing and leaf nutrient status of guava plant upon micronutrient fertilization (B, Zn and Cu). The highest fruit yield was obtained with combined foliar application of B and Zn. From Principle Component Analysis it was observed that leaf B followed by leaf Zn content has most significant role in regulating principal yield attributing traits and fruit yield of guava. From Biplot-analysis it was also clearly revealed that combined application of B and Zn were the most effective in improving yield attributing traits and ultimately the yield of guava.
Biofiltration efficiency and biochemical composition of three seaweed species cultivated in a fish-seaweed integrated culture

- and NH 4 + , and the selection of a biofilter seaweed species should be made with consideration of the N forms expelled in effluent. The biofiltering efficiency for PO 4 3- was highest in G. chorda (38.1%) and lowest in S. japonica (20.2%). In all species, tissue N and P contents rapidly increased over the initial values. The data for tissue N and P contents, and C : N and N : P ratios, indicate that neither N nor P was limiting. This suggests that the three species serve as biofilters by stor - ing large amounts of nutrients. These results provide valuable information for selecting optimal seaweed species in fish- seaweed integrated systems and allow land-based integrated aquaculture system operators to understand the behavior of integrated cultures sufficiently for the results herein to be extrapolated to larger-scale cultures.
Effect of chemicals and antagonists on growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum causing wilt of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Efficacy of fungicides and antagonists was tested under in vitro conditions for the mycelial growth inhibition and reduction in sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum (i.e., Isolate Fo8). The fungicides carbendazim 50% and carbendazim 12%+mancozeb 63% were quite effective which completely inhibited the mycelial growth and the sporulation at all the concentrations (50 ppm to 1000 ppm); other fungicides viz., propiconazole 25%, captan 70%+hexaconazole 5%, carboxin 37.5%+thiram 37.5% showed effectiveness relatively at higher concentrations (i.e., 1000 ppm), whereas, captan 50% was least effective. The rate of sporulation decreased linearly with an increase in fungicides concentration and with the type of fungicidal treatment. The statistical analysis (P ≥ 0.05) showed that rate of sporulation measured at 100 ppm was significantly affected with the fungicides. Complete inhibition in sporulation was revealed by carbendazim 50% and carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% that was statistically at par with rest of the fungicides. However, the minimum inhibition in sporulation was recorded in captan 50% (i.e., 20.01%) that was significantly lower than rest of the treatments. Among the four antagonists, Trichoderma harzianum was better which inhibited 45.9 per cent mycelial growth, followed by T. viride (31.9%), whereas, the bacterial antagonist viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were ineffective. The maximum reduction in sporulation (92.66%) was exhibited by T. harzianum and T. viride (86.85%), whereas, P. fluorescens and B. subtilis were least effective with 49.85 and 34.86% reduction in sporulation, respectively. The effective chemicals and antagonists may form a part of integrated management of the disease.
Measurement of Upper Limb Motor Recovery Following a Stroke

Normal movement of the upper limb is very complex. Following a stroke a patient can be left with a non-functional arm. The aim of rehabilitation is to minimise impairments and reduce disability and handicap. Outcome measures are required to guide and evaluate rehabilitation. In this study the impairments of spasticity and/or contracture and muscle weakness were assessed. Spasticity and/or contracture were assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale. Muscle strength was measured by assessing grip strength with the Standard Jamar dynamometer. Upper limb disability was measured with the Nine Hole Peg Test (a test of manual dexterity) and the Action Research Arm Test (a test of upper limb function with the components of reach and grasp or fine manipulation). Twenty-two stroke subjects were assessed on five different occasions post stroke. The initial assessment was carried out 2-4 weeks post stroke and then at 4, 8, 20 and 32 weeks following that assessment. The assessment at week 8 was approximately 3 months post stroke and the assessment at week 32 was approximately 6 months post stroke. The aim of the study was firstly, to look at the validity and reliability of the four tests chosen to measure impairment and disability and secondly, to find out if the four tests were able to detect changes in the hemiplegic upper limb over a 6 month period following acute stroke. All the tests did detect change with most of that change occurring in the first 3 months. The most responsive test to change appeared to be grip strength. This study suggests that the tests are suitable outcome measures to use, to guide and evaluate therapeutic intervention after stroke, although there is a need for standardisation of the methodology, equipment, procedure and the scoring used for these tests.
Ecology and External Morphology of Lernaea cyprinacea1

The external morphology of Lernaea cyprinacea L. in Vigo Co., Indiana, was more variable than has been previously reported. The pregenital prominence was absent in small lernaeids, then de- veloped as a single protuberance, which doubled as the female copepod lengthened and matured. No correlation was found between the location on the host fish and the direction of torsion. Sixteen species of fishes, taken in Vigo Co., were parasitized by L. cyprinacea. They were: Notropis blennius,* N. atherinoides,* N. spilopterus,* N. volucellus,* Semotilus atromaculatus,* Phenacobius mirabilis,* Hybognathus nu- chalis,* Ictiobus niger,* I. cyprinellus,* Lepomis macrochirus, Microp- terus salmoides, Pomoxis annularis,* Catostomus commersoni, Esox americanus,* Moxostoma erythrurum,* and Percina maculata* (asterisk denotes new host records). L. cyprinacea parasitized 0.8% of the fishes examined. Usually there was one parasite per fish, attached near a fin.
The interaction of environment and genetic diversity within meadows of the seagrass Posidonia australis (Posidoniaceae)

Understanding the extent and impact of factors influencing the levels and structur- ing of genetic diversity within natural populations is a key objective of ecological genetics. For marine angiosperms, variation in abiotic environmental factors at the local scale can have a major influence on levels of clonality and spatial genetic structure, and thus influence mating systems, sexual reproduction, and recruitment. Identifying the key drivers of genetic structuring is critical for genetic management of ecological restoration success, especially in systems where the nature and extent of clonality is highly variable. Here, we quantify clonality and patterns of genetic structure in the temperate Australian seagrass Posidonia australis. We examine the loca- tion of meadows in relation to water movement and prevailing winds to assess their relative influence on local spatial genetic structuring. Measures of genetic diversity, assessed with 7 polymorphic microsatellite loci, were highly variable across 13 meadows sampled within and around a natural embayment on the west coast of Australia. The overall structure of P. australis meadows across this region is best explained as one of 'chaotic' genetic patchiness, with signifi- cant differentiation among most meadows (pairwise FST values), high levels of genetic diversity in meadows that are in more open waters, and lower genetic diversity at inshore sites facing strong prevailing winds at the time of seed dispersal or that have little water movement. A strong isolation by distance relationship within the embayment is consistent with prevailing winds (which create surface currents) at the time of peak pollen and seed release, strongly influencing dispersal direction.
Prevalence and clonal distribution of avian Escherichia coli isolates harboring increased serum survival (iss) gene

SUMMARY Colibacillosis, an important disease of poultry caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is responsible for great economic losses in the poultry industry around the world. The aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of the increased serum survival (iss) gene and to compare the clonal distribution and relatedness of the isolates among septicemic and cecal (commensal) E. coli isolates from poultry in Iran using a random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). A total of 97 (41 septicemic and 56 cecal isolates) were screened for the presence of the iss gene. Then, 66 isolates were randomly chosen for clonal comparison, including 44 iss-positive and 22 iss-negative isolates. The prevalence of the iss gene was 90.3% (37/41) in the septicemic and 64.3% (36/56) among cecal isolates, a significant difference (p = 0.004). The 66 isolates examined by RAPD-PCR were assigned to 4 main clusters, of which 2 were predominant (B and D, 65.6%). As 3 of the 4 clusters, including the 2 largest clusters, did not differ in the relative distribution of iss-positive isolates and as all 4 clusters did not differ in the source of isolates (tissue as compared to cecum), it appears that potentially pathogenic strains can be commonly distributed among the intestinal bacterial flora of birds. The fingerprinting analysis also yielded a high variety of RAPD profiles, indicating a substantial diversity among avian E. coli strains.