Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iodine Re-vaporization at Scrubbing Pool in Filtered Containment Venting System

A Filtered Containment Venting System (FCVS) has been adapted outside of the containment building to keep the integrity of the containment building during the severe accident in a nuclear power plant. The FCVS is important to mitigate a severe accident involving significant core degradation, where the melted core could react with coolant and structures, thereby causing the continuous generation of steam and gases. Eventually, the containment building would be damaged by overpressure due to the release of abundant steam and gases if the safety systems in the containment building do not work normally. Some aerosols such as CsI can dissolve in water during the FCVS operation. Then CsI aerosols were dissolved as ions of Cs and I. Nonvolatile iodine ion (I) in water converted into several kinds of iodine compounds, such as HOI, I3, IO3, etc. These nonvolatile iodine compounds can react with water radiolysis products such as ·OH, H+, H2O2, and HO2 such that volatile elemental iodine (I2) would be generated in the aqueous solution of FCVS and revaporized into the environment. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the volatile elemental iodine generation rate in the aqueous solution after FCVS operation [1]. The iodine re-vaporization at scrubbing pool after FCVS operation are estimated according to the models, pH, and dose rate.
Iron status and associations with physical performance during basic combat training in female New Zealand Army recruits.

Decreases in Fe status have been reported in military women during initial training periods of 8-10 weeks. The present study aimed to characterise Fe status and associations with physical performance in female New Zealand Army recruits during a 16-week basic combat training (BCT) course. Fe status indicators - Hb, serum ferritin (sFer), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), transferrin saturation (TS) and erythrocyte distribution width (RDW) - were assessed at the beginning (baseline) and end of BCT in seventy-six volunteers without Fe-deficiency non-anaemia (sFer 10 mg/l at baseline or end. A timed 2·4 km run followed by maximum press-ups were performed at baseline and midpoint (week 8) to assess physical performance. Changes in Fe status were investigated using paired t tests and associations between Fe status and physical performance evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. sFer (56·6 (sd 33·7) v. 38·4 (sd 23·8) µg/l) and TS (38·8 (sd 13·9) v. 34·4 (sd 11·5) %) decreased (P<0·001 and P=0·014, respectively), while sTfR (1·21 (sd 0·27) v. 1·39 (sd 0·35) mg/l) and RDW (12·8 (sd 0·6) v. 13·2 (sd 0·7) %) increased (P<0·001) from baseline to end. Hb (140·6 (sd 7·5) v. 142·9 (sd 7·9) g/l) increased (P=0·009) during BCT. At end, sTfR was positively (r 0·29, P=0·012) and TS inversely associated (r -0·32, P=0·005) with midpoint run time. There were no significant correlations between Fe status and press-ups. Storage and functional Fe parameters indicated a decline in Fe status in female recruits during BCT. Correlations between tissue-Fe indicators and run times suggest impaired aerobic fitness. Optimal Fe status appears paramount for enabling success in female recruits during military training.
The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cancer immunotherapy represents a major therapeutic breakthrough. Immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in the context of a combination are considered the new standard of care in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Areas covered: This review explains the biologic rationale behind the implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the therapy of advanced NSCLC. It provides a detailed description of the clinical trials that have studied the various agents now in use and the results that lead to the currently approved indications. It also explores the area of established and developing biomarkers, and the trends of combining immunotherapy with other treatment modalities (chemotherapy, antiangiogenic agents, radiotherapy), or with other immune modulators. Expert opinion: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been established as the new standard of care for patients with advanced NSCLC. They can be administered according to PD-L1 expression upfront as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy– regardless of PD-L1 status – or in the later lines of therapy. They also represent a less toxic and more effective treatment choice than chemotherapy alone. The development of reliable biomarkers for patient selection and the subsequent use of the appropriate immune-based approach for each patient will define the role of immunotherapy in the years to come.
Effects of hydrological modifications and nature restoration projects on ground beetles along the Yodo River, Osaka Prefecture, Japan

Hydrological modifications to the Yodo River of Osaka Prefecture, Japan, have been drastically changed the riverine environment, since dam construction and extensive excavation began in 1971. More recently, riverine restoration projects involving excavation of major beds designed to prevent them from drying out have recently been conducted. A field survey of carabid ground beetle assemblages using unbaited pitfall traps was conducted in the Yodo River riverbed from April to December 2009 to elucidate the influence of both hydrological modification and nature restoration activities on the assemblages. Ground beetles were captured for two weeks each month at 13 sites. Also, we measured four environmental parameters, riverbed conditions(minor or major beds), submergence duration, soil moisture and median soil particle diameter, at each site. A total of 8,697 ground beetles belonging to 65 species were captured during the surveys. Generalized linear mixed model analysis showed that the abundance of nine species, such as Oodes vicarius, Pterostichus eschscholtzii and Pterostichus prolongatus, was positively correlated with the existence of minor beds and submergence duration or soil moisture, while that of 10 other species, such as Carabus yaconinus, Lesticus magnus and Synuchus nitidus, was negatively correlated with existence of minor beds, soil moisture rate and/ or submergence duration. Results of detrended correspondence analysis indicate that most of the former nine species and the latter 10 species were ordered at higher and lower scores of the axis 1, respectively. Also, ground beetle assemblages of major and minor beds were well separated by the ordination along axis 1. The results of this study demonstrate that hygrophilous species and the species preferring less disturbed environments characterize minor and major beds, respectively. Possibly, the nature restoration projects favored hygrophilous species by enlarging minor beds, which resulted in maintenance of heterogeneity of ground beetle habitats in the riverbeds.
Barriers to Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Current Perspectives on Improving Patient Care

: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a frequent disorder associated with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Different clinical diagnosis criteria are available, and cost of genetic testing has been reduced in the last years; however, most cases are not diagnosed worldwide. Patients with FH are at high cardiovascular risk and the risk can be reduced with lifelong lifestyle and pharmacological treatment. Statins and ezetimibe are available as generic drugs in most countries reducing the cost of treatment. However, the use of high-intensity statins combined with ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors, if necessary, is low for different reasons that contribute to a high number of patients not reaching LDL-C targets according to guidelines. On the other hand, cardiovascular risk varies greatly in families with FH; therefore, risk strati ﬁ cation strategies including cardiovascular imaging is another element to consider for improving care and management of FH. There are numerous barriers depending on the awareness, knowledge, perception of risk, management and care of patients living with FH that impact in the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. In this contemporary review, we analyze different barriers in the diagnosis and care of patients to improve patients ’ care and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and describe recent advances and strategies to improve the gaps in the care of FH, including global collaboration and advocacy.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF TESTING OF NEWLY INTRODUCED APPLE CULTIVARS IN BULGARIA

The results of the testing of three new Polish apple varieties grown under the conditions of Kyustendil, Bulgaria during the first six years after planting (2012-2017) are presented. Earliest flowering time was recorded in ‘Gold Milenium’ (15 April) and the latest in ‘Melfree’ (20 April). Average ripening date was between 30 August (‘Melfree’) and 25 September (‘Free Redstar’). The trees of Gold Milenium’ had stronger growth. No significant differences were found in the productivity of the cultivars. Fruit weight range from 168.2 (‘Melfree’) to 198.0 g (‘Gold Milenium’). With the most harmonious flavor were the fruit of ‘Gold Milenium’. No symptoms of apple scab and powdery mildew were found. Preliminary data showed that all three cultivars are suitable for growing in the Kyustendil region.
Magnitude, distribution, risk factors and care-seeking behaviour of acute, self-reported gastrointestinal illness among US Army Soldiers: 2015

Abstract Throughout history, acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among US service members. We estimated the magnitude, distribution, risk factors and care seeking behaviour of AGI among the active duty US Army service members using a web-based survey. The survey asked about sociodemographic characteristics, dining and food procurement history and any experience of diarrhoea in the past 30 days. If respondents reported diarrhoea, additional questions about concurrent symptoms, duration of illness, medical care seeking and stool sample submission were asked. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with AGI and factors associated with seeking care and submitting a stool sample. The 30-day prevalence of AGI was 18.5% (95% CI 16.66–20.25), the incidence rate was 2.24 AGI episodes per person-year (95% CI 2.04–2.49). Risk factors included a region of residence, eating at the dining facility and eating at other on-post establishments. Individuals with AGI missed 2.7–3.7 days of work, which costs approximately $ 847 451 629 in paid wages. Results indicate there are more than 1 million cases of AGI per year among US Army Soldiers, which can have a major impact on readiness. We found that care-seeking behaviours for AGI are different among US Army Service Members than the general population. Army Service Members with AGI report seeking care and having a stool sample submitted less often, especially for severe (bloody) diarrhoea. Factors associated with seeking care included rank, experiencing respiratory symptoms (sore throat, cough), experiencing vomiting and missing work for their illness. Factors associated with submitting a stool sample including experiencing more than five loose stools in 24 h and not experiencing respiratory symptoms. US Army laboratory-based surveillance under-estimates service members with both bloody and non-bloody diarrhoea. To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the magnitude, distribution, risk factors and care-seeking behaviour of AGI among Army members. We determined Army service members care-seeking behaviours, AGI risk factors and stool sample submission rates are different than the general population, so when estimating burden of AGI caused by specific foodborne pathogens using methods like Scallan et al. (2011), unique multipliers must be used for this subset of the population. The study legitimises not only the importance of AGI in the active duty Army population but also highlights opportunities for public health leaders to engage in simple strategies to better capture AGI impact so more modern intervention strategies can be implemented to reduce burden and indirectly improve operational readiness across the Enterprise.
VALUE OF NEST BOXES FOR POPULATION STUDIES AND CONSERVATION OF OWLS IN CONIFEROUS FORESTS IN BRITAIN

--The response of cavity-nesting owls to nest boxes was studied in man-made coniferous forests in northeast England and southwest Scotland. In both study areas field voles (Microtus agrestis) were the owls' main food. Voles were abundant on afrorested and replanted areas up to 15 yr after planting. Forty territories of tawny owl (Strix aluco) were located in one study area prior to 1979. All of these pairs bred in natural sites. In the first year (1980) that nest boxes were available 83% of the population switched to breed in them, and 100% by the fourth year. The number of occupied territories subsequently increased to 66 by 1990, and was attributed to an improvement in food supply resulting from clear-cutting. In another forest, barn owls (Tyto alba) declined as abandoned buildings became unavailable due to decay and renovation. The provision of nesting barrels led to a rapid increase in the breeding population, initially by yearlings reared on adjacent farmland. Therefore, nest boxes (barrels) were an essential element in conservation of barn owls in coniferous forests. In contrast to tawny owls, resident barn owls did not switch to nesting barrels. Therefore, in the early years of the study, breeding results may have been biased by a lack of breeding experience in most of the population. The development of an agestructured population took several years.
Clinical and functional significance of CHK1-S, an alternatively spliced isoform of the CHK1 gene, in hepatocellular carcinoma

Alternative splicing plays critical roles in many disease processes and splicing dysregulation is a hallmark of cancer. The different splicing isoforms may have significantly different effects on the malignant progression of cancer. Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a serine/threonine kinase and regulates DNA damage response. In this study, we measured the expression of an alternative CHK1 transcript (CHK1-S, excluded exon 3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. Our results showed that CHK1-S was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared with paired adjacent noncancerous hepatic tissues. The levels of full-length CHK1(CHK1-L), CHK1-S and the ratio of CHK1-S/L in tumor tissue were associated with relapse free survival (RFS) of postoperative HCC patients, respectively, but not the levels of CHK1-L, CHK1-S and the ratio of CHK1-S/L in adjacent normal tissue. To further demonstrate the role of CHK1-S in HCC, CCK-8 assays, EdU incorporation assays and colony formation assays were used. The results showed that overexpression of CHK1-S significantly accelerated HCC cell proliferation, compared with CHK1-L. In addition, we found that serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1), as an upstream regulator kinase of splicing factor, could upregulate the expression of CHK1-S and its expression level was significantly higher in HCC tumors than the paired normal tissues and was associated with the levels of CHK1-S (P=0.016). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that CHK1-S, acts as an oncogene, which was upregulated and associated with RFS in HCC patients. SRPK1 may mediate its mRNA splicing in HCC. All these data indicated that the expression of CHK1-S would have potential prognostic values and splicing kinase SRPK1 might be developed as therapeutic target in HCC.
Stroke Center Certification Is Associated With Improved Guideline Concordance

Measurement of quality of stroke care has become increasingly important, but data come mostly from programs in hospitals that choose to participate in certification programs, which may not be representative of the care provided in nonparticipating hospitals. The authors sought to determine differences in quality of care metric concordance for acute ischemic stroke among hospitals designated as a primary stroke center, comprehensive stroke center, and non-stroke center in a population-based epidemiologic study. Significant differences were found in both patient demographics and in concordance with guideline-based quality metrics. These differences may help inform quality improvement efforts across hospitals involved in certification as well as those that are not.
Labour Progress and Outcome in Primiparous Women on Three Regimens of Hydration during the Active Labour

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the labour progress and outcome in primiparous women on three regimens of hydration during the active labour. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used to carry out this study at the Labour and Delivery unit, Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt. This study comprised 120 primiparous women in spontaneous active labour, at a cervical dilation of 4-5 cm, and uncomplicated with cardiac or renal disease. Upon the Obstetrician discretion, each eligible parturient was assigned to one of three groups; the first group received no intravenous fluid, while the second and third groups received Ringer's lactate at a rate of 125 or 250 ml/hour respectively. Labour progress of the enrolled parturients was exclusively monitored by the nursing researcher. Using two tools, data were collected. The 1 st was a structured interviewing questionnaire schedule to include the parturients' basic characteristics and the labour outcome and the 2 nd was the partograph to evaluate the labour progression. Results: After 6 hours from infusion, the cervix was significantly more dilated in group 3 than group 1 and 2 (9.6 ±0.5, 7.9 ±1.2 and 8.8 ±1 cm respectively, p<0.001). Group 3 compared to group 1, 2 shows more frequent uterine contractions (3.8 ±0.8, 1.5 ±0.5 and 2.5 ±0.5 respectively; p<0.001), and had significantly longer uterine contraction during the active deceleration phase (52.8 ±4.9, 27.7 ±1.7 and 34.3 ±3.2 seconds respectively, p<0.001). Also, 75% of the fetuses in group 3 were at +2 station compared to 14.3% and 27.8% only in group 1 and 2 respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion and recommendation: Given the conclusion that the lower level of hydration is combined with a longer first stage of labour, less frequent/shorter duration uterine contractions, and slower fetal descent; it is recommended for the perinatal nurses to closely monitor the parturients who are on a lower level of fluid therapy throughout the active phase of labour.
Development and Validation of an HPLC-PDA Method for Biologically Active Quinonemethide Triterpenoids Isolated from Maytenus chiapensis

Background: Quinonemethide triterpenoids, known as celastroloids, constitute a relatively small group of biologically active compounds restricted to the Celastraceae family and, therefore, they are chemotaxonomic markers for this family. Among this particular type of metabolite, pristimerin and tingenone are considered traditional medicines in Latin America. The aim of this study was the isolation of the most abundant celastroloids from the root bark of Maytenus chiapensis, and thereafter, to develop an analytical method to identify pristimerin and tingenone in the Celastraceae species. Methods: Pristimerin and tingenone were isolated from the n-hexane-Et2O extract of the root bark of M. chiapensis through chromatographic techniques, and were used as internal standards. Application of a validated RP HPLC-PDA method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of these two metabolites in three different extracts, n-hexane-Et2O, methanol, and water, to determine the best extractor solvent. Results: Concentration values showed great variation between the solvents used for extraction, with the n-hexane–Et2O extract being the richest in pristimerin and tingenone. Conclusions: M. chiapensis is a source of two biologically active quinonemethide triterpenoids. An analytical method was developed for the qualification and quantification of these two celastroloids in the root bark extracts of M. chiapensis. The validated method reported herein could be extended and be useful in analyzing Celastraceae species and real commercial samples.
Tail dependence structure of metal commodity futures in London Metal Exchange

Xuyuan Han1, Zhenya Liu2, Shixuan Wang3 Abstract Since the 2008 financial crisis, academics and practitioners have paid more attention to the dependence structures among futures contracts in futures market. We use the vine-copula approach to study the dependence structures among major metal commodity futures in the London Metal Exchange, with a focus on analyzing the change after the crisis. We find that the core of metal futures moves from copper to zinc after the crisis. The risk diversification benefit among metal futures is shown to diminish. However, the dependence structure between core futures and the futures who exhibits the highest (lowest) concordance with core futures remains unchanged after the crisis.
IMPROVEMENT OF MAGNETIC CONDITION FOR KEK-STF VERTICAL TEST FACILITY TOWRD HIGH-Q STUDY

Improvement of unloaded Q-values of SRF cavities are important to reduce surface loss of cavity and heat loads of He refrigerators. R&D activities have been developed worldwide. We also started work toward high-Q, but soon realized that magnetic condition of KEK-STF vertical test facility was not good enough to carry out high-Q measurements. First, magnetized components were searched. Shafts to move variable coupler were found to be most magnetized one and exceed more than 1 Gauss. Magnetized components were exchanged to nonmagnetized one. In order to further reduce remnant magnetic field, a solenoid coil was prepared and used to cancel it. To suppress flux trapping, a heater was located around an upper beampipe of cavity and made thermal gradient. Owing to these efforts, Q-value of more than 1x1011 can be measured with a condition of residual resistance of ~3 nΩ. Clear flux expulsion signal can be also observed. In this presentation, we report about efforts to reduce ambient magnetic field and to realize high-Q measurements. Results of vertical tests, including flux expulsion measurements, are also presented.
Nutrition for Female Soccer Players—Recommendations

Soccer is one of the most popular sports in the world. As its number of players is increasing, the number of female players is also on the rise. However, there are limited data about how the diets of female soccer players should be designed. Thus, the aim of our work is to deliver concise nutritional recommendations for women practicing this sport. Based on a literature review, we emphasize that individual adjustment of the energy value of the diet is the key factor for the physical performance of female soccer players. Appropriate macronutrient intake makes it possible to achieve the proper energy value of the diet (5–10 g/kg body mass/day carbohydrates; 1.2–1.7 g/kg body mass/day proteins; <30% fats from energy). The micronutrients should be consumed in amounts corresponding to individual values recommended in national standards. Soccer players should pay special attention to the proper consumption of such micronutrients, as well as vitamins such as iron, calcium, and vitamin D. The right amount of fluid intake, consistent with the player’s needs, is crucial in maximizing exercise performance. The diet of a female practicing soccer is usually characterized with low energy values, which increases the risk of various health consequences related to low energy availability. Monitoring the diets of female soccer players is, therefore, necessary.