Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Leisure Satisfaction and Social Media Addictions of Individuals at University

This study aimed to determine the relationship between leisure satisfaction and social media addiction of university students. The study group of the research was formed by the voluntary participation of 193 students (133 male and 60 female), studying at the School of Physical Education and Sports of Istanbul Gelişim University. In addition to the personal information form, the “Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS)” developed by Beard and Raghep (1980) and adapted into Turkish by Gökçe and Orhan (2011), and the “Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS)” developed by Bakır Ayğar and Uzun (2018) were used as data collection tools. After the data showed normal distribution in the Kolmogrov-Smirnov normality test, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation test were used in the analysis. The level of significance in the study was set at 0.05. In the research findings; gender and age groups of individuals affect their leisure time satisfaction levels; It has also been found that age groups affect social media addiction. As a result, it was determined that leisure satisfaction levels and social media addiction changed according to various variables of university students, and a negative significant relationship was found between leisure satisfaction and social media addiction.
Risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: a cross-sectional study in Chenani

Background: H. pylori infections generally occur early in childhood and continue to cause gastric diseases later in life. Epidemiological studies suggest its transmission through fecal to oral and oral to oral routes. Several factors control this transmission including socioeconomic status, quality of drinking water, personal and environmental hygiene, contamination of food, overcrowding and density of population. Methods: A cross-sectional study, involving 100 children aged 1 to 15 years, presenting gastrointestinal complaints was conducted in the department of medicine, district hospital, Udhampur, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India from October 2019 to March 2020. Children with the pathology of central nervous system or with any other known pathology were excluded. Results: Majority of children belonged to the group >6, ≤11 years age (41%), 89% of children were school-going and 78% of participants belonged to the rural areas. Major economic activity of the participants came out to be business and trading (31%), as much as 62% of households were having a size of >4 persons per unit. As many as 24 children were found positive for antigen test upon stool sample examination. The infection rate was significantly higher among children having unsafe source of drinking water (14/24, 58.3%) and poor sanitation facilities (18/24, 66.7%). Overcrowding at home due to bigger household size was found to be a major risk factor among children. Conclusions: The prevalence of H. pylori among children was quite high. Major risk factors included sanitation and drinking water facilities at home and at schools.
The morphometric measurements of the temporomandibular joint

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint classified for its surface shape and complex biaxial movements as a ginglimoartrodial joint and presents the widest joint range of movements when compared with the other joints of the human body. The complexity of TMJ morphology has driven researchers to investigate its morphometric features and their relationship with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Therefore, the knowledge of morphological and morphometric data of each bone component of the TMJ is of paramount importance for identifying bone changes related to the TMJ, in the presence of TMD in symptomatic and non-symptomatic patients. This literature review aims to assess previous studies on the TMJ bone structures morphological and morphometric findings and discuss what these findings implicate on TMDs. The assessed studies varied in sample size and categorization, and measurement methodologies [measurements done directly on specimen, image modality—computed tomography (CT), cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], study method of choice and main morphometric points). Morphometric measurements of the condyle, articular fossa and articular eminence were assessed in different planes (axial, sagittal and coronal). Male patients present higher condyle and glenoid fossa morphometric measurement values than female patients, however, when considering the articular eminence’s inclination/steepness the gender difference is not conclusive. When more than one image method was assessed, a slight difference has been observed between the image modalities. It can be concluded that large, paired samples and longitudinal studies using non-ionizing images are still needed to assess the TMJ morphometric values and its association with internal disorders, age, ethnicity, and gender.
Our Moral Duty to Eat Meat

Abstract I argue that eating meat is morally good and our duty when it is part of a practice that has benefited animals. The existence of domesticated animals depends on the practice of eating them, and the meat-eating practice benefits animals of that kind if they have good lives. The argument is not consequentialist but historical, and it does not apply to nondomesticated animals. I refine the argument and consider objections.
Did giraffe cardiovascular evolution solve the problem of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?

Abstract The evolved adaptations of other species can be a source of insight for novel biomedical innovation. Limitations of traditional animal models for the study of some pathologies are fueling efforts to find new approaches to biomedical investigation. One emerging approach recognizes the evolved adaptations in other species as possible solutions to human pathology. The giraffe heart, for example, appears resistant to pathology related to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)—a leading form of hypertension-associated cardiovascular disease in humans. Here, we postulate that the physiological pressure-induced left ventricular thickening in giraffes does not result in the pathological cardiovascular changes observed in humans with hypertension. The mechanisms underlying this cardiovascular adaptation to high blood pressure in the giraffe may be a bioinspired roadmap for preventive and therapeutic strategies for human HFpEF.
Towards an understanding of Colombia’s demobilized young women: a person-centered approach

ABSTRACT Research on experiences of former young soldiers in Colombia, from their own frame of reference, and which includes both distress and growth, is rare. Person-Centered theory argues for an inherent potential for growth in all organisms and could provide further understanding of the experiences of these young women. The present study aimed to explore the experiences of six demobilized Colombian young women, and to understand their experiences through Person-Centered theory. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the interviews, and the young women’s experiences were organized into four themes. It is argued that these young women underwent a cultural conditioning specific to living in a war zone, followed by a social conditioning by the illegally armed groups. Even in an extremely oppressive environment, socially constructive behaviors were present, and growth was evident in most participants. It is maintained that a Person-Centered approach would be highly beneficial when working therapeutically with demobilized youth.
Gender and Bankruptcy: A Hotel Survival Econometric Analysis

This study’s objective was to understand how chief executive officers’ (CEOs) gender affects hotel businesses’ survival. Female managers’ influence has already been examined in other sectors, but researchers have not studied women CEOs’ role in hotel management and survival. A sample of 2615 Spanish hotel companies was examined during the period 2005–2018 for how their survival was affected by the variables of financial aspects, years of experience and the principal hotel executive’s gender. An econometrics-based survival analysis was conducted using a single complementary log-log model and panel data. The results indicate that some financial variables, such as sales, working capital to total assets ratio and each company’s experience, influence hotel businesses’ survival. The main finding was that women CEOs increase hotels’ survival rate. This CEO gender study is a novelty in the literature on hotel survival.
“To Rise from the Darkest Ignorance”: Black Texans’ Engagement with the Politics of Racial Uplift

ABSTRACT Black newspapers are an important yet underused source for historically contextualizing African American sites. The Black press helped shape notions of African American identity and community through philosophies of racial uplift that promoted a vision of Black achievement and citizenship. Although sociologist E. Franklin Frazier criticized the Black press as elitist, I suggest that non-affluent African Americans were also invested in tenets of racial uplift. To demonstrate this, I examine five Black Texas newspapers and oral histories in conjunction with artifacts recovered from the Ransom and Sarah Williams Farmstead, a postbellum site in Travis County, Texas. The evidence suggests that emancipated Blacks, even in seemingly remote rural communities, mobilized around principles of racial uplift through education, consumer behavior, and religious devotion. I use the newspapers to contextualize the archaeological evidence and highlight the overlaps between messages of racial uplift in the Black press and the actions of the Williams family.
A new species of Amblydromalus Chant & McMurtry (Acari: Phytoseiidae), with notes on occurrence of genus in South America

A new species, Amblydromalus amazonicus n. sp. is described and illustrated based on adults of both sexes. Individuals were found in association with plants in natural vegetation (Amazon Forest), on uncultivated plants in guarana crops, and on exotic fruit (residential area), in states of Amazonas and Mato Grosso, Brazil. The type material of A. akiri Nuvoloni, Lofego, Rezende and Feres was re-examined and the number of setae as well as the chaetotaxy of genu III is corrected. Notes on the occurrence of Amblydromalus in South America and a key to species of genus for this subcontinent is provided.
International Trade in the High-Tech Sector - Support or Obstacle to Start-Up Processes at the Macro Level in European Union Countries?

High-tech internationalization touches on two aspects impacting entrepreneurship: openness of the economy and its level of innovativeness. Both of them might positively or negatively affect the process of new company creations, as suggested by the concept of entrepreneurial regime with creative destruction or by the concept of routinized regime with creative accumulation. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of high-tech internationalization on the start-up process of new company creation. Cluster analysis and panel modeling for European Union countries in 2009–2018 were conducted. The research results distinguish clusters of European Union countries with a different level of high-tech internationalization. The impact of high-tech internationalization on start-up rates is significant in the case of both clusters; however, it is stronger in the cluster of countries with a relatively higher level of high-tech international openness. The high-tech intra-EU import and extra-EU high-tech export negatively affect the rate of new enterprise creation in both clusters. Additionally, extra-EU import in clusters with a relatively higher level of high-tech internationalization also negatively impacts start-up rates. The only aspect supporting the start-up process is the level of intra-EU export in clusters with higher levels of high-tech internationalization. The results suggest that in European Union countries, creative accumulation is the dominant phenomenon.
Evolutionary pattern of Metacaremys gen. nov. (Rodentia, Octodontidae) and its biochronological implications for the late Miocene and early Pliocene of southern South America

We analyse the taxonomic status and diversity of the late Miocene Octodontoidea (Hystricognathi) Cercomys primitiva and related samples, a taxon previously known only from the holotype specimen. New findings associated with an extensive review of late Miocene and early Pliocene rodents have allowed us to recognize the occurrence of this and other related species in several localities of central and western Argentina, and in south‐central Bolivia. We discuss the invalidity of Cercomys and propose the new genus Metacaremys, which includes the type species Metacaremys primitiva comb. nov. and two new species, Metacaremys calfucalel sp. nov. and Metacaremys dimi sp. nov. Osteological, brain and dental morphology show that the new genus is not related to Brazilian Echimyidae, as previously considered, but to the southern family Octodontidae. Although the molar morphology of this genus is quite conservative, comparison of the samples shows a variation in size. We discuss the plausible evolutionary pattern explaining this variation and the implied biochronological and biostratigraphical information. It is recognized as an anagenetic lineage in which an increase in size occurs from the oldest species, M. primitiva comb. nov. (early late Miocene, c. 9.23 Ma), to the youngest species, M. dimi sp. nov. (Miocene–Pliocene boundary, c. 5.28 Ma). Metacaremys calfucalel is intermediate in size and age between these two species. The polarity of this pattern of change is consistent with that shown by other partially synchronous independent lineages of octodontoids, thus providing new evidence for the biochronological and biostratigraphic scheme of the late Miocene and early Pliocene of southern South America.
Bird Taxonomic and Functional Diversity in Three Habitats in Buenos Aires City, Argentina

Urban green spaces (UGS), such as parks and wooded streets, are open areas with vegetation that provide sustainability to urban areas. However, their role in conserving bird diversity in neotropical cities has scarcely been analyzed. The aim of this study was to analyze the variation of bird assemblages in non-wooded streets, wooded streets, and parks in Buenos Aires City, Argentina. We compared the taxonomic and functional diversity between these habitat types. We selected five non-wooded streets, five wooded streets, and five parks in the city. Bird surveys were performed in 100 m long and 50 m wide transects. We found that taxonomic diversity had the greatest value in the parks, followed by wooded streets, and then the non-wooded streets. Functional diversity was similar between habitats. The taxonomic and functional composition changed between habitats. Non-wooded streets were dominated by the Rock Dove (Columba livia) and the Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata), whereas parks had the highest abundance of the Picazuro Pigeon (Patagioenas picazuro) and the Rufous-bellied Thrush (Turdus rufiventris). Non-wooded streets were dominated by omnivorous and granivorous species, whereas parks had a higher abundance of herbivorous and frugivorous species. The positive association between UGS and bird diversity highlights the role of UGS as biodiversity conservation sites in neotropical cities.
Desertification and Degradation Risks vs Poverty: A Key Topic in Mediterranean Europe

Land degradation and, subsequently, desertification processes are conditioned by biophysical factors and human impacts. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest by social scientists to assess its implications. Especially, it is relevant to the potential changes and landscape deterioration on population, economic systems and feedbacks of local societies to such adjustments. Assessing social facets should also be related to desertification risks, integrated socio-economic inputs and environmentally sustainable development perspectives. However, investigations about the effects of land degradation conditioned by global socioeconomic-factors from a holistic point of view are scarce. In this review, we pretend to discuss past and recent findings on land degradation risks related to poverty, especially based on Mediterranean Europe. To achieve this goal, we focused on key socioeconomic forces such as developmental policy, production and market structure, social change and population mobility. Our review showed that regional disparities based on complex dynamics of demographic forces (e.g. migration, fertility and ageing) and economic drivers of change (e.g. industrial concentration, urbanization, crop intensification, tourism pressure, coastalization) are keys to understand Mediterranean regions such as Southern Italy, a region exposed to high desertification risk in Europe. We concluded that the overexploitation of territories, soil and water degradation urban expansion, tourism and unplanned industrialization are some sectors and activities which can be highly affected by political and socioeconomic forces leading to unsustainable forms of land management and types of development. Special attention should be paid to social policies, education and training schemes to reduce rural migration and potentiate territorial knowledge to avoid land degradation, considering other social issues such as poverty or centralization. The potential role of win-win policies abating poverty and reducing desertification risk is evident in Mediterranean Europe and achieving land degradation neutrality necessary.
We Are Martinsville (WAM): Leveraging Mobile Gaming for Community Engagement and Improving Health

Rural communities in Virginia have experienced a decline caused by national economic trends. Formerly vibrant towns with rich histories and cultures increasingly suffer from a shrinking population and a lack of new investment, directly impacting the quality of life and services like education or healthcare. The loss of identity is a hindrance to innovative planning strategies and entrepreneurship. This paper reflects on an ongoing serious game effort developed by the University of Virginia and piloted in Martinsville, VA. That city’s once-vibrant community faces challenges like unemployment, opioid addiction, and obesity. We Are Martinsville (WAM) recognizes Martinsville’s rich ties to its history and cultural assets, offering a digital tool in support of a creative placemaking strategy. WAM fosters community engagement while simultaneously increasing outdoor activities and allowing stakeholders to generate place-based game content. This paper describes the findings of the pilot project.
The impact of entrained air on ocean waves

Abstract. We make a physical–mathematical analysis of the implications that the presence of a large number of tiny bubbles may have, when present, on the thin upper layer of the sea. In our oceanographic example, the bubbles are due to intense rain. It was found that the bubbles increase momentum dissipation in the near surface and affect the surface tension force. For short waves, the implications of increased vorticity are momentum exchanges between wave and mean flow and modifications to the wave dispersion relation. For the direct effect we have analyzed, the implications are estimated to be non-significant when compared to other processes of the ocean. However, we hint at the possibility that our analysis may be useful in other areas of research or practical application.
‘Carbon footprint nationalism’: re-conceptualizing Finnish nationalism and national pride through climate change discourse

ABSTRACT During recent years media discussion over the gravity of climate change has increased rapidly. One of the most used bywords has been ‘carbon footprint’, a concept with a moral appeal to global responsibility and a sense of global environmental togetherness. However, ‘carbon footprint responsibility’ cannot be separated from nationalistically loaded affects and their representations but instead it has effected new articulations that support state-centric ideologies, offering a fresh starting point for re-conceptualizing the theories of nationalism. This article analyses how the Finnish media constructs a contradictory discourse in which the moral debate over carbon footprint responsibility merges with nationalistically loaded argumentation.
An Approach for Detecting Feasible Paths Based on Minimal SSA Representation and Symbolic Execution

Static analysis is one of the techniques used today to analyze source codes and minimize the issue of software vulnerability. Static analysis has the ability to observe all possible software paths in an application through the scrutiny of a web application’s source code. Among those paths, some may be considered feasible paths, which refer to any paths that the test cases can execute. The detection of feasible paths in the results of a static analysis helps to minimize the false positive rate. However, the detection of feasible paths can be challenging, especially for programs that have multiple conditions in the same branch. The aim is to ensure that each feasible path is detected only once (not duplicated). This paper proposes an approach based on minimal static single assignment (MSSA) form and symbolic execution to detect feasible paths. The proposed approach starts by converting the source code into an abstract syntax tree (AST), followed by converting the AST to minimal SSA representation, which helps to decrease the number of instructions in the SSA form. An algorithm was built to examine all of the instructions of the SSA form, identify whole paths in the source code, and extract constraints along each path. A path weight method (PWM) is proposed in this work to avoid detecting duplicated feasible paths. The satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) solver was used to check the satisfiability of each path condition. The proposed approach was tested on seven well-known test programs that have been used in related studies and 10 large scale programs. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method (PWM) can avoid detecting duplicated feasible paths, and the proposed approach reduced the time required for generating the paths compared to that in related studies.
The local contexts of meat consumption: analyzing meatification in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Although food consumption habits across the globe have taken different paths, agri-food scholars are now pointing to a narrowing of choices on a global scale due to globalization. Adopting a food regime theory framework that is tightly connected to globalization theory, several thematic frameworks are used to provide a time-place-actor analysis of food consumption habits, identifying global trends as well as the factors driving those trends. This article employs meatification as a thematic framework for analyzing trends in meat consumption in the context of the third food regime. It argues that while global actors and factor should be acknowledged, in certain local contexts, they can be influenced, shaped or even constrained by local currents. Therefore, it opens a conversation about the danger of discounting or ignoring local currents when applying these thematic frames in food regime discourse. It shows that while meatification is taking place, in Nigeria, unlike in many other parts of the global south, the actors are not fast-food restaurants and supermarket, but bukaterias and open stall meat sellers in the local markets.