Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of sole and combined cocoa pod ash, poultry manure and NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer on soil organic carbon, available P and forms of nitrogen on alfisols in southwestern Nigeria.

A laboratory incubation study was conducted in 2009 to investigate the effects of cocoa pod ash (CPA) (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1), poultry manure (PM) (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1), NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer (NPKF) (0, 100 and 200kg ha-1) and their various combinations on the rate of nutrients release with soil constituents in southwestern Nigeria. The soil used was slightly acidic, low in OM, N, P and K. The twenty eight treatments were incubated for 90 days using completely randomized design and were replicated three times. Among the combinations CPA+NPKF, PM+NPKF and PM+CPA+ NPKF had higher OC, NH4-N, NO3-N and available P than CPA+PM showing enhancement of NPKF in nutrient mineralization. The combinations also had higher cations and available S under study than the single application of the fertilizer materials. Cocoa pod ash applied at high rate of 10t ha-1 had lower OC, N and NO3-N than when 5t ha-1 CPA was applied alone or combined with PM and NPKF. Cocoa pod ash combined with either poultry manure or NPK fertilizer or both increased soil nutrients above critical levels required for optimum production of crops especially arable crops in southwestern Nigeria.
Interaction of FCC variables can be predicted

This paper attempts to provide a better understanding of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process. A calculation procedure using simplified heat balance equations and average variable effects can predict the simultaneous changes in dependent variables. Once incorporated into a mini-computer system, the calculations give a better understanding during planned changes of the effect of each step in the change, and provide quick solutions to operating problems. Simplified heat balance equations are provided in this paper that show how the heat balance effects FCC operations and how the variables are interrelated in the hope that a better understanding may be achieved.
Response of spring mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) to nutrient management in Western U.P.

A field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, during spring season of 2015. The ten treatments viz. control, N (18 kg/ha), NP (18:46 kg/ha), NPK (18:45:30 kg/ha), NPKS (18:45:30:20 kg/ha), NPK S Zn (18:45:30:20:20 kg/ha), NPK S Zn Fe (18:45:30:20:20:5 kg/ha), NPK S Zn Fe Rhizobium (18:45:30:20:20:5 kg/ha), NPKS Zn Fe PSB (18:45:30:20:20:5 kg/ha) and NPK S Zn Fe Rhizobium PSB (18:45:30:20:20:5 kg/ha) were tested in randomized block design with three replications. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture, low in organic carbon and medium in available P and K. The SML-668 variety of moongbean was planted. Among all the treatment application of 18, 46, 30, 20, 20 and 5 kg ha-1 N P K S Zn Fe with Rhizobium and PSB received maximum plant height, number of green trifoliate leaves, dry matter accumulation, number of active nodules, number of pod plant-1, number of grain pod-1, straw and biological yield, which was significantly more than the other treatments. An increase of 381 and 64 percent over control and N P K respectively in grain yield were recorded due to nutrient management and also to be found significantly higher gross return, net return and increment in nutrient availability compare to control treatments.
Investigation on anticorrosion performance of polyaniline‐mesoporous MCM‐41 composites in new water‐based epoxy coating

Mesoporous MCM‐41(M(with template)) whose pore channels were filled with cationic surfactant n‐hexadecyltrimethyl‐ammonium bromide (CTAB) and a (hydrophobic) poly(propylene glycol) nucleus terminated by two primary hydroxyl groups (Pluronic F‐127, molecular weight = 11500) inside the pore channels and on the outer surface of the particle, MCM‐41 (M(without template)) whose mixture template inside the pore channels and on the outer surface of the particle were calcinated, were used as new fillers for waterborne epoxy. The corrosion studies were carried out on steel plates coated with formulations containing polyaniline prepared with M(with template) and M(without template). Correspondingly, corrosion performance of the coatings was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution and salt spray test. Coatings prepared from polyaniline (PANI)/M(without template) particles synthesized by in situ polymerization were found to exhibit excellent corrosion resistance much superior to PANI/M(with template) in aggressive environments due to the different interfacial structures between the fillers and the matrix.
Photon statistics and power-law blinking of single semiconductor nanocrystals

Al voordat het grote publiek kennismaakte met nanotechnologie, besteedde de wetenschap aandacht aan steeds kleinere objecten. Sinds 15 jaar is het bijvoorbeeld mogelijk om met speciale microscopen naar individuele moleculen te kijken! Deze techniek hebben we nu gebruikt om halfgeleider nanokristallen te bestuderen. Halfgeleiders zijn materialen die worden gebruikt in computers. Afhankelijk van hun bewerking en toepassing kunnen zij stroom goed of slecht geleiden. Maar deze nanokristallen zijn zo klein, slechts 5 nanometer (1 miljoen nm = 1 mm) en dus veel kleiner dan de golflengte van licht, dat ze zich heel anders gedragen. Ze kunnen bijvoorbeeld licht absorberen en uitzenden (fluoresceren), maar omdat ze zo klein zijn altijd slechts een lichtdeeltje (foton) tegelijk, net als een molecuul. Ook het ritme (de statistiek) waarmee dit gebeurt, is heel bijzonder en vergelijkbaar met de statistiek waarmee aardbevingen voorkomen. De pauze tussen het uitzenden van twee fotonen varieert bijvoorbeeld zo sterk, dat we de gemiddelde pauze niet kunnen uitrekenen! Dankzij diverse wiskundige trucs kunnen we dit ritme nu toch beschrijven. Deze wiskunde is ook handig om verschillende experimenten te kunnen vergelijken, zowel voor nanokristallen als voor moleculen. Vervolgens hebben we een model opgesteld dat beschrijft wat er in nanokristallen gebeurt, als een foton wordt geabsorbeerd of uitgezonden.
Dynamic Surface Elasticity of Polyelectrolyte/Surfactant Adsorption Films at the Air/Water Interface: Carboxylmethylchitosan and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide

The dynamic surface elasticity of the solution of carboxymethylchitosan (CMCH) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB) was measured as a function of the surfactant concentration and the surface age by the oscillating drop method. The results showed that the surface layer of the CMCH/C16TAB solution transformed from loose to structured with the increase in the surfactant concentration. The surface elasticity versus the surface pressure curve during the adsorption showed different features at different surfactant concentration ranges, which was connected with the structural transformation of the surface layer. Our results show that the measurement of dynamic surface dilational properties is a powerful tool for studying the surface kinetics, which is helpful for dealing non-equilibrium systems in industry. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Self‐induced growth of GaN nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy: A critical review of the formation mechanisms

GaN nanowires, also called nanocolumns, have emerged over the last decade as promising nanosized building blocks for a wide variety of optoelectronic devices. In contrast to other III–V semiconductors, GaN nanowires have the ability to grow catalyst‐free within the self‐induced approach by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy, which does not require the use of any foreign materials or patterned substrate. The self‐induced growth has accordingly been considered as a valuable growth mode to form GaN nanowires on a wide number of substrates such as Si, Al2O3, diamond or SiC. The formation mechanisms have extensively been investigated and are specifically reviewed here from the very onset of the nucleation phase through the elongation phase to the coalescence process. A general approach of the self‐induced growth of GaN nanowires is gained. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
NeRD: Neural Reflectance Decomposition from Image Collections

Decomposing a scene into its shape, reflectance, and illumination is a challenging but important problem in computer vision and graphics. This problem is inherently more challenging when the illumination is not a single light source under laboratory conditions but is instead an unconstrained environmental illumination. Though recent work has shown that implicit representations can be used to model the radiance field of an object, most of these techniques only enable view synthesis and not relighting. Additionally, evaluating these radiance fields is resource and time-intensive. We propose a neural reflectance decomposition (NeRD) technique that uses physically-based rendering to decompose the scene into spatially varying BRDF material properties. In contrast to existing techniques, our input images can be captured under different illumination conditions. In addition, we also propose techniques to convert the learned reflectance volume into a relightable textured mesh enabling fast real-time rendering with novel illuminations. We demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach with experiments on both synthetic and real datasets, where we are able to obtain high-quality relightable 3D assets from image collections. The datasets and code are available at the project page: https://markboss.me/publication/2021-nerd/.
Characterization of the fluidization behavior of different solid types based on chaotic time series analysis of pressure signals

Results from a laboratory-scale fluidized bed are presented to show that chaotic time series analysis of pressure-drop measurements can be used to distinguish the behavior patterns of three different fluidizing solids belonging to groups A, B, and D (Geldart classification scheme). The results also show that chaotic time series analysis of pressure measurements can be used to detect transitions in flow regime as gas velocity is increased for a given solid. The results are based on pressure-drop measurements from a room-temperature, atmospheric fluidized bed operated over a range of air flows and a static bed height of 28 cm. In the present study, two different pressure-drop measurements were used. One provided the overall pressure drop and the other provided the pressure drop across a 12.7-cm-high section located near the top of the static bed. In addition to the conventional Fourier analysis, we employ the following chaotic time series analysis tools: principal components analysis of the phase-space trajectory, the mutual information function, and the average Kolmogorov entropy. Our objectives are to show how these analytical tools when applied to fluidized bed pressure-drop measurements can be used to detect transition in fluidization regime as well as to delineate the difference, if any,more » of the fluidization states in a local or global scale (i.e., spatially distributed) for a given fluidizing solid. « less
Comparison of Gross Nitrogen Mineralization Rates by Zero‐Order Models

Several zero-order models for estimating gross N mineralization rate (M) using 15 N have been proposed. In a comparison of the Ms estimated with some experimentally determined values, different models sometimes gave substantially different results. Although the Ms are estimated by using changes in NH 4 -N (NH 4 - 14 N + NH 4 - 15 N) and NH 4 - 15 N, a comprehensive comparison based on model equations is lacking. I compared four zero-order models to clarify the extent of the difference in estimated Ms between models under different conditions of changes in NH 4 -N and NH 4 - 15 N. The ratio of M by one model equation to M by another is expressed by R = (AT 2 /AT 1 ) and r = (AL 2 /AL 1 ), where AT is NH 4 -N, AL is NH 4 - 15 N, and the subscripts 1 and 2 denote the initial and final values, respectively. Ranges of R and r are R > 0 and 0 r. The farther r is from 1, the more different the estimated Ms are. Estimation of M must be done with caution when r ≤ 0.2 since model differences increase uncertainties in estimates.
Piezoelectric and Dielectric Properties of Lead-Free (1-x)(Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3-xBiFeO3 Ceramics

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of lead-free (1-x)(Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3-xBiFeO3 ceramics prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method were studied in the range of x = 0∼40 mol%. A tetragonal perovskite structure was maintained at x = 0∼10 mol% forming a solid solution between (Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3 and BiFeO3 with no secondary phase. Piezoelectric coefficient (d33) increased from 31 pC/N at x = 0 mol% to 64 pC/N at x = 6 mol% and then decreased with further addition of x. Depolarization temperature (Td) gradually decreased with increasing x from 302°C at x = 0 mol% to 163°C at x = 20 mol% and slightly increased up 180°C at x = 40 mol%.
Transmission line model of carbon nanotubes: through the Boltzmann transport equation

A transmission line (TL) model of a carbon nanotube (CNT) is analyzed through the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE). With the help of a numerical solution of the BTE, we study the kinetic inductance (LK), quantum capacitance (CQ) and resistivity (RS) of a CNT under a high frequency electric field. Values of LK and CQ obtained from BTE accord with the theoretical values, and the TL model is verified by transport theory for the first time. Moreover, our results show that the AC resistivity of CNTs deviates from DC, increasing along with shorter electric field wave length. This shows that changes in RS in the high frequency condition must be considered in the TL model.
Production of transplutonium elements in the high flux isotope reactor (HFIR)

The techniques described here have been demonstrated to predict the contents of transplutonium element production targets, at least for isotopes of mass 253 or less. The HFIR irradiation model is a workhorse for planning the TRU processing campaigns, for certifying the heat evolution rate of targets prior to insertion in the reactor, for predicting future production capabilities over a multi-year period, and for making optimization studies. Practical considerations, however, may limit the range of available options so that optimum operation is not always achievable. We do intend, however, to keep fine-tuning the constants which define the cross sections as time permits. We need to do more work on optimizing the production of /sup 250/Cm, /sup 254/Es, /sup 255/Es, and ultimately /sup 257/Fm, since researchers are interested in obtaining larger quantities of these rare and difficult-to-produce nuclides. 7 figures, 2 tables.
DETERMINATION OF SUITABLE THIN LAYER MODEL FOR AIR DRYING OF COROBA SLICES (ATTALEA MARIPA) AT DIFFERENT AIR TEMPERATURES AND VELOCITIES

An air dryer was used for thin layer drying process of coroba, and moisture ratio at any drying time was compared by eight models (Newton, Page, Henderson and Pabis, logarithmic, two-term, two-term exponential, Verma et al., and Midilli and Kucuk). The effect of drying air temperature (71, 82 and 93C) and velocity (0.82, 1.00 and 1.18 m/s) on the coefficients of the best suited moisture ratio model was determined by multiple regression method. Coefficient of determination (R2) and reduced chi-square (χ2) were used for the determination of the best suitable model. Among the mathematical models investigated, the Midilli and Kucuk, and logarithmic models satisfactorily described the drying behavior of coroba slices with highest R2 values and lowest χ2. The relationships between the constants k of the Midilli and Kucuk, and logarithmic models, with the drying variables of drying air temperature and velocity, were determined. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS As a result, this work is intended to provide a significant tool for predicting the moisture content of the product at any time of the drying process, establish the air drying conditions in order to achieve given moisture content of coroba slices and optimize the design of the drying process.
Controlled-bandgap silicon nitride nanomaterials : deterministic nitrogenation in high-density plasmas

To overcome major problems associated with insufficient incorporation of nitrogen in hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiNx:H) nanomaterials, which in turn impedes the development of controlled-bandgap nanodevices, here we demonstrate the possibility to achieve effective bandgap control in a broad range by using high-density inductively coupled plasmas. This achievement is related to the outstanding dissociation ability of such plasmas. It is shown that the compositional, structural, optical, and morphological properties of the synthesized a-SiNx:H nanomaterials can be effectively tailored through the manipulation of the flow rate ratio of the silane to nitrogen gases X. In particular, a wide bandgap of 5.21 eV can be uniquely achieved at a low flow rate ratio of the nitrogen to silane gas of 1.0, whereas typically used values often exceed 20.0. These results are highly-relevant to the development of the next-generation nanodevices that rely on the effective control of the functional nano-layer bandgap energies.
One-step SDS-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and photoelectrochemical study of Ag4V2O7 nanorods decorated with Ag nanoparticles

Ag/Ag4V2O7 nanocomposites with Ag nanoparticles supported on Ag4V2O7 nanorods have been synthesized with the assistance of sodium dodecyl sulfate (abbreviated to SDS) by a facile one-step hydrothermal reaction and exhibit high photoelectrochemical response. Ag4V2O7 nanorods are pointed at both ends with an average width of ca. 200 nm. Ag nanoparticles are formed in situ on the surfaces of the Ag4V2O7 nanorods. The crystal structures and morphologies of the samples are affected significantly by the SDS concentration and hydrothermal reaction time. The possible crystal growth process of Ag/Ag4V2O7 nanocomposites induced by SDS has been discussed preliminarily.
Taxonomizing the Neural Correlates of Delusion

Title: Taxonomizing the neural correlates of delusions Purpose: Delusions represent a core symptom of schizophrenia and are a major cause of morbidity associated with psychiatric illness, yet the neural correlates of delusions remain relatively under-characterized. Part of the challenge is that delusions are difficult to define, and it is not known whether different types of delusions share underlying etiologies, or where to draw the lines of taxonomy in the first place. The purpose of this paper is to review current evidence for the neurobiological mechanism of delusions, with special focus on persecutory delusions and delusions of reference, which represent two of the more commonly accepted subtypes. A critical discussion of the classification of delusions, the conceptualization of their mechanism, and the impact of these two features on the study of delusions will also be performed. Methods: A review of studies using fMRI to examine the neural correlates of persecutory delusions and delusions of reference was performed. This review was expanded to include papers outlining foundational concepts upon which the assumptions of the fMRI studies were based. Several studies were selected for detailed analysis for the purposes of both providing evidence for a mechanism of delusion and as examples of the challenges of studying delusions. Results: The aberrant salience hypothesis is the prevailing theory for the neural basis for delusions, and the interpretation of fMRI data are informed by this framework and also support it. Persecutory delusions and delusions of reference both appear to share abnormalities in the so-called salience network, and each exhibit abnormalities in specific other networks of the brain that make sense given our understanding of their phenomenology. Though these mechanisms create a sensical picture of each delusion type, much of the data are not perfectly accounted for by prevailing theory. Conclusions: Much remains to be elucidated regarding the neural substrate of delusions. Functional MRI provides a useful though imperfect modality for their study. Given the difficult-todefine nature of delusions, careful consideration must be given to the implications of our assumptions on study design and data interpretation in order for the field to progress.
Preparation, characterization of UV‐Curable Waterborne Polyurethane‐Acrylate and the application in metal iron surface protection

Hydroxyethyl methyl acrylate (HEMA) capped waterborne polyurethane-acrylate (WPUA) oligomer was firstly prepared from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polyether polyol (NJ-220), dimethylolbutanoic acid (DMBA), HEMA via in-situ and anionic self-emulsifying method. Ultraviolet (UV) curable WPUA coating was obtained from HEMA-capped oligomer, butyl acrylate (BA) and multifunctional acrylates (TPGDA) as reactive diluents, and Darocur 1173 as photoinitiator. The physical properties of WPUA oligomers, such as particle size, apparent viscosity, and surface tension were investigated. Some mechanical properties of UV-WPUA films, such as contact angles, thermal properties, and solvent (water, HCl, NaOH, NaCl, and ethanol) resistance of UV-WPUA coating films were measured. The surface morphologies were measured by scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. The surface free energy of the UV-cured film was calculated from contact angle measurements using the Lewis acid–base three liquids method. The specific UV-WPUA coating was selected to protect the iron materials that observed the effect of the protection. The results indicate that the prepared UV-WPUA coating has excellent protective behavior to metal iron materials and may offer some contributions to protect iron cultural relics. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3142–3152, 2013
Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em um latossolo vermelho sob manejos e usos no cerrado

The alterations in the communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) induced by changes in land use and different agricultural uses are still insufficiently studied, particularly in the Cerrado biome. This study evaluated how human interference by management and land use change affect the AMF density and diversity in a Cerrado Oxisol. The study evaluated five areas: Riparian Forest (MC), Riparian Forest Edge (BM), Pasture (Past), no-till monoculture (PD) and Riparian Deforested Area (AD). In each area, 20 plots of 250 m2 were marked. Within each plot, 10 subsamples were randomly collected to form a composite soil sample. The density and diversity of AMF spores, by morphological characteristics, were determined for each composite sample. In the PD and AD areas, the density of recovered spores and mycorrhizal colonization were lower than in the other areas due to the low density of living plants. The AMF families with highest abundance in the study areas were Acaulosporaceae, Glomeraceae and Gigasporaceae, the first two dominant in the areas with leass anthropogenic influence MC and BM. The most frequent AMF species were Acaulospora scrobiculata, Glomus macrocarpum and Acaulospora tuberculata, of which the first two appeared in all areas and the third was absent only in PD. These species have great capacity to adapt to changing environments. The occurrence of the species Acaulospora rehmii, Acaulospora sp.3, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus tortuosum, Glomus sp.1, Gigaspora sp.2 and Scutellospora heterogama was low, and were recovered in only one of the study areas. The area with highest density and species occurrence was Past with 414 spores (individuals) and 11 AMF species. The highest and lowest Shannon diversity (H') index were calculated for Past and BM, respectively. Principal component analysis indicated the formation of three groups, the first with MC and BM, the second with PD and AD and the third with only Past. It was concluded that land use changes modify the AMF community, which may increase spore density and diversity, as in the case of Pasture, or reduced, in the case of deforestation.