Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A circulating subset of iNKT cells mediates antitumor and antiviral immunity

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a group of innate-like T lymphocytes that recognize lipid antigens. They are supposed to be tissue resident and important for systemic and local immune regulation. To investigate the heterogeneity of iNKT cells, we recharacterized iNKT cells in the thymus and peripheral tissues. iNKT cells in the thymus were divided into three subpopulations by the expression of the natural killer cell receptor CD244 and the chemokine receptor CXCR6 and designated as C0 (CD244−CXCR6−), C1 (CD244−CXCR6+), or C2 (CD244+CXCR6+) iNKT cells. The development and maturation of C2 iNKT cells from C0 iNKT cells strictly depended on IL-15 produced by thymic epithelial cells. C2 iNKT cells expressed high levels of IFN-γ and granzymes and exhibited more NK cell–like features, whereas C1 iNKT cells showed more T cell–like characteristics. C2 iNKT cells were influenced by the microbiome and aging and suppressed the expression of the autoimmune regulator AIRE in the thymus. In peripheral tissues, C2 iNKT cells were circulating that were distinct from conventional tissue-resident C1 iNKT cells. Functionally, C2 iNKT cells protected mice from the tumor metastasis of melanoma cells by enhancing antitumor immunity and promoted antiviral immune responses against influenza virus infection. Furthermore, we identified human CD244+CXCR6+ iNKT cells with high cytotoxic properties as a counterpart of mouse C2 iNKT cells. Thus, this study reveals a circulating subset of iNKT cells with NK cell–like properties distinct from conventional tissue-resident iNKT cells. Description A circulating subset of iNKT cells with NK cell-like properties drives effective antitumor and antiviral immunity. Circulating iNKT cells protect Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are tissue-resident, innate-like T cells that recognize lipid antigens and are involved in immune regulation. The heterogeneity and development of iNKT cell populations has not been well defined; thus, Cui et al. used various mouse models, transcriptomics, flow cytometry, and histology to better understand iNKT subpopulations. The authors uncovered a circulating population of iNKT cells that expressed CD244 and CXCR6 and were distinct from conventional iNKT cells in mice and humans. This iNKT subset depended on IL-15+ medullary thymic epithelial cells for development and maturation. The circulating iNKT cells were highly cytotoxic and protected mice from melanoma metastasis and influenza infection. Thus, the authors uncovered a population of circulating iNKT cells that were highly cytotoxic and protective against various insults.
Ohmyungsamycin promotes M1-like inflammatory responses to enhance host defence against Mycobacteroides abscessus infections

ABSTRACT Ohmyungsamycin A (OMS) is a newly identified cyclic peptide that exerts antimicrobial effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, its role in nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) infections has not been clarified. Mycobacteroides abscessus (Mabc) is a rapidly growing NTM that has emerged as a human pathogen in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals. In this study, we demonstrated that OMS had significant antimicrobial effects against Mabc infection in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice, and in macrophages. OMS treatment amplified Mabc-induced expression of M1-related proinflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and significantly downregulated arginase-1 expression in murine macrophages. In addition, OMS augmented Mabc-mediated production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), which promoted M1-like proinflammatory responses in Mabc-infected macrophages. OMS-induced production of mtROS and nitric oxide was critical for OMS-mediated antimicrobial responses during Mabc infections. Notably, the combination of OMS and rifabutin had a synergistic effect on the antimicrobial responses against Mabc infections in vitro, in murine macrophages, and in zebrafish models in vivo. Collectively, these data strongly suggest that OMS may be an effective M1-like adjunctive therapeutic against Mabc infections, either alone or in combination with antibiotics.
The nature and prevalence of threats to medical student placement capacity in primary care: a survey of East of England GP practices

Background GP practices deliver vital medical student teaching in the face of increasingly challenging circumstances. Aim To understand the nature and scale of threats to medical student teaching capacity in primary care. Design & setting An electronic survey of a predefined population of 120 East of England GP practices that host medical student placements. Method The survey was completed on behalf of the practice by the GP lead for medical student teaching. They were asked to pick (from a list of 16) the four main challenges they faced delivering medical student teaching placements, then explain their selection and suggest solutions. Thematic analysis of free-text responses was undertaken from an activity theory perspective. Results Responses were received from 114 of the 120 practices in the study population (95% response rate). The most commonly selected challenges to delivering placements were clinical/practice workload (picked by 92 practices), and lack of space in the practice (picked by 63 practices). Thematic analysis produced a model whereby a practice’s decision to continue hosting students was influenced by level of motivation and burden of teaching, but only if a certain level of resource enablement is present. Analysis of free-text responses suggested that space pressures were perceived as being exacerbated by the need to accommodate more clinicians, especially advanced practitioners employed by primary care networks (PCNs) under the additional roles reimbursement scheme (ARRS). Conclusion This study provides much-needed quantitative evidence to support the view that lack of space in GP premises is a major threat to the future of undergraduate general practice.
Does a rabbit have feathers or fur? Development of a 42-item semantic memory test (SMT-42)

ABSTRACT Objective We present the preliminary study of the 42-item Semantic Memory Test (SMT-42), a test developed to distinguish semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) from the other variants: logopenic (lPPA) and nonfluent/agrammatic (naPPA). The test requires the patient to retrieve the conceptual features of items belonging to different lexical categories. Methods In the first study, we administered the French version of the SMT-42 to a population of healthy subjects and to patients with svPPA matched to a subgroup of the healthy subjects. In the second study, we administered the SMT-42 to four groups of patients (with svPPA, lPPA, naPPA and Alzheimer’s disease [AD], respectively) to study its capacity to differentiate patients suffering from svPPA from the other patients. Results In the first study, 109 healthy subjects were included, 15 of whom were paired with 15 subjects presenting with svPPA. In the second study, designed to compare groups presenting a primary progressive aphasia variant and AD, 12 subjects with svPPA, 6 with naPPA and 9 with lPPA were included, along with 21 subjects with AD. The subjects presenting a semantic deficit were clearly distinguished from the others by their results on the SMT-42 (svPPA: mean = 30.0 (5.9); lPPA: mean = 37.8 (3.3), d = 1.5, p = 0.002; naPPA: mean = 39.8 (1.9), d = 1.89, p = 0.001; AD: mean = 38.5 (2.4), d = 1.63, p < 0.001); (svPPA: median = 31; lPPA: median = 38, U = 9, p = 0.002; naPPA: median = 40.5, U = 1.5, p = 0.001; AD: median = 39, U = 13.5, p < 0.001). Conclusion The SMT-42 is simple, rapidly administered (3 minutes on average), easily scored and has good sensitivity, and it appears to be an effective tool for semantic screening in routine clinical practice.
Interpolation between $H^p$ Spaces and non-commutative generalizations, II

We continue an investigation started in a preceding paper. We discuss tha classical result of Carleson connecting Carleson measures with the ? -equation in a slightly more abstract framework than usual. We also consider a more recent result of Peter Jones which shows the existence of a solution for the ? -equation, which satisfies simultaneously a good L8 estimate and a good L1 estimate. This appears as a special case of our main result which can be stated as follows: Let (O, A, µ) be any measure space. Consider a bounded operator u: H1 ? L1(µ). Assume that on one hand u admits an extension u1: L1 ? L1(µ) bounded with norm C1, and on the other hand that u admits an extension u8: L8 ? L8(µ) bounded with norm C8. Then u admits an extension u' which is bounded simultaneously from L1 into L1(µ) and from L8 into L8(µ) and satisfies ||u': L8 ? L8(µ)|| = C C8 ||u': L1 ? L1(µ)|| = C C1 where C is a numerical constant.
Evaluation of graded levels of corn-fermented protein on stool quality, apparent nutrient digestibility, and palatability in healthy adult cats

Abstract Dried distillers’ grains, coproducts from the ethanol industry, may provide sustainable ingredients for pet food. Due to new post-fermentation separation techniques, corn-fermented protein (CFP) is higher in protein and lower in fiber compared with traditional dried distillers’ grains, increasing its appeal for inclusion into pet food. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of increasing levels of CFP on stool quality, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), and palatability in adult cats. Four extruded diets were fed to 11 adult cats in an incomplete 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design. The control diet contained 15% soybean meal (0C) and CFP was exchanged for soybean meal at either 5%, 10%, or 15% (5C, 10C, 15C). Cats were fed each dietary treatment for 9-d adaption followed by 5-d total fecal collection. Feces were scored on a 1 to 5 scale, with 1 representing liquid diarrhea and 5 representing hard pellet-like (Carciofi et al., 2008). A fecal score of 3.5 to 4 was considered ideal. Titanium dioxide was added to all diets (0.4%) as a marker to estimate digestibility. Data were analyzed using a mixed model in SAS (version 9.4, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) with treatment as a fixed effect and cat and period as random effects. Fecal dry matter percent and dry fecal output were greater (P < 0.05) at elevated levels of CFP. Stool scores were maintained (P > 0.05) throughout treatments (average; 4). Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and gross energy ATTD decreased when cats were fed 15C. There was no difference in ATTD of fat or total dietary fiber among treatments. For palatability assessment, cats preferred 5C over 0C but had no preference with increased CFP inclusion. These results suggest that CFP is comparable to SBM, but there may be a maximum inclusion level of 10% when fed to cats.
THE OPTX PROJECT. IV. HOW RELIABLE IS [O iii] AS A MEASURE OF AGN ACTIVITY?

We compare optical and hard X-ray identifications of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using a uniformly selected (above a flux limit of f2–8 keV = 3.5 × 10−15 erg cm−2 s−1) and highly optically spectroscopically complete (>80% for f2–8 keV > 10−14 erg cm−2 s−1 and >60% below) 2–8 keV sample observed in three Chandra fields (CLANS, CLASXS, and the CDF-N). We find that empirical emission-line ratio diagnostic diagrams misidentify 50% of the X-ray-selected AGNs that can be put on these diagrams as star formers. We confirm that there is a large (two orders of magnitude) dispersion in the ratio of the [O iii]λ5007 (hereafter [O iii]) to hard X-ray luminosities for the non-broad-line AGNs, even after applying reddening corrections to the [O iii] luminosities. We find that the dispersion is similar for the broad-line AGNs, where there is not expected to be much X-ray absorption from an obscuring torus around the AGN nor much obscuration from the galaxy along the line of sight if the AGN is aligned with the galaxy. We postulate that the X-ray-selected AGNs that are misidentified by the diagnostic diagrams have low [O iii] luminosities due to the complexity of the structure of the narrow-line region, which causes many ionizing photons from the AGN not to be absorbed. This would mean that the [O iii] luminosity can only be used to predict the X-ray luminosity to within a factor of ∼3 (1σ). Despite selection effects, we show that the shapes and normalizations of the [O iii] and transformed hard X-ray luminosity functions show reasonable agreement, suggesting that the [O iii] samples are not finding substantially more AGNs at low redshifts than hard X-ray samples.
Expression of Glial Cell‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors Within Nucleus Ambiguus During Rat Development

The nucleus ambiguus (NAmb) is a column of neurons in the medulla oblongata, involved in bulbar functions. Expression of Glial Cell‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) and its receptors (GDNFR) is observed within the cell bodies during reinnervation following recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. Little is known regarding GDNFR expression in the formation of the NAmb and the laryngeal innervation during embryogenesis. Understanding the timing and pattern of GDNFR expression in embryogenesis versus after RLN injury may provide insights into therapeutic targets for regeneration after RLN injury.
Prey life stages modulate effects of predation stress on prey lifespan, development, and reproduction in mites

The non‐consumptive effects of predator‐induced stress can influence a variety of life‐history traits. Many previous studies focused only on short‐term effects such as development and reproductive rates. Recent studies have showed that long‐term predation stress (given during the whole life of the prey) and short‐term predation stress (provided during the immature stage of the prey) could generate completely opposite results: the former could decrease lifespan, whereas the later could increase lifespan. However, it is still unclear whether the advantage is because of the short duration of exposure or the early stage of life during which exposure was exerted. Thus, in this study, the prey (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) was exposed to predation stress from the predator (Neoseiulus cucumeris) during different life stages (larva, protonymph, tritonymph, first 5 d of oviposition, the full lifespan or none of the above). The results showed that the predation stress supplied during larval and protonymphal stage delayed development, reduced fecundity and prolonged lifespan of the prey, while the stress given during tritonymphal stage only reduced lifespan slightly and the stress given during the first 5 d of oviposition did not change lifespan but reduced fecundity. This study indicated that the effects of predation stress are dependent on prey life stage and the predation stress experienced in the early life stages is important to lifespan modulation.
Randomised controlled trials of mental health nurse-delivered interventions: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION Nurses are the largest professional disciplinary group working in mental health services and have been involved in numerous trials of nursing-specific and multidisciplinary interventions. Systematic appraisal of relevant research findings is rare. AIM To review trials from the core Anglosphere (UK, US, Canada, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) published from 2005-2020. METHOD A systematic review reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Comprehensive electronic database searches were conducted. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials of mental health nurse-delivered interventions conducted in relevant countries. Risk of bias was independently assessed. Synthesis involved integration of descriptive statistics of standardised metrics and study bias. RESULTS Outcomes from 348 between-group comparisons were extracted from K=51 studies (N=11,266 participants), Standardised effect sizes for 68 (39 very small/small, 29 moderate/large) statistically significant outcomes from 30 studies were calculable. All moderate/large effect sizes were at risk of bias. DISCUSSION Trial evidence of effective mental health nurse-delivered interventions is limited. Many studies produced few or no measurable benefits; none demonstrated improvements related to personal recovery. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Mental health nurses should look beyond gold standard RCT evidence, and to evidence-based interventions that have not been trialled with mental health nurse delivery.
CIABNet: Category Imbalance Attention Block for the Classification of Multi-differentiated Types of Esophageal Cancer.

BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer has become one of the important cancers that seriously threaten human life and health, and its incidence and mortality rate are still among the top malignant tumors. Histopathological image analysis is the gold standard for diagnosing different differentiation types of esophageal cancer. PURPOSE The grading accuracy and interpretability of the auxiliary diagnostic model for esophageal cancer are seriously affected by small inter-class differences, imbalanced data distribution and poor model interpretability. Therefore, we focused on developing the category imbalance attention block (CIABNet)model to try to solve the above problems. METHODS Firstly, the quantitative metrics and model visualization results are integrated to transfer knowledge from the source domain images to better identify the regions of interest in the target domain of esophageal cancer. Secondly, in order to pay attention to the subtle inter-class differences, we propose the concatenate fusion attention block (CFAB), which can focus on the contextual local feature relationships and the changes of channel attention weights among different regions simultaneously. Thirdly, we proposed a category imbalance attention module, which treats each esophageal cancer differentiation class fairly based on aggregating different intensity information at multiple scales, and explores more representative regional features for each class, which effectively mitigates the negative impact of category imbalance. Finally, we use feature map visualization to focus on interpreting whether the regions of interest are the same or similar between the model and pathologists, thus better improving the interpretability of the model. RESULTS The experimental results show that the CIABNet model outperforms other state of the art (SOTA) models, which achieves the most advanced results in classifying the differentiation types of esophageal cancer with an average classification accuracy of 92.24%, an average precision of 93.52%, an average recall of 90.31%, an average F1 value of 91.73%, and an average AUC value of 97.43%. In addition, the CIABNet model has essentially similar or identical to the region of interest of pathologists in identifying histopathological images of esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental results prove that our proposed computer-aided diagnostic algorithm shows great potential in histopathological images of multi differentiated types of esophageal cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
BEER analysis of Kepler and CoRoT light curves. III. Spectroscopic confirmation of seventy new beaming binaries discovered in CoRoT light curves

(abridged for arXiv) The BEER algorithm searches stellar light curves for the BEaming, Ellipsoidal, and Reflection photometric modulations that are caused by a short-period companion. Applying the search to the first five long-run center CoRoT fields, we identified $481$ non-eclipsing candidates with periodic flux amplitudes of $0.5-87$ mmag. Optimizing the Anglo-Australian-Telescope pointing coordinates and the AAOmega fiber-allocations with dedicated softwares, we acquired six spectra for $231$ candidates and seven spectra for another $50$ candidates in a seven-night campaign. Analysis of the red-arm AAOmega spectra, which covered the range of $8342-8842\AA{}$, yielded a radial-velocity precision of $\sim1$ km/s. Spectra containing lines of more than one star were analyzed with the two-dimensional correlation algorithm TODCOR. The measured radial velocities confirmed the binarity of seventy of the BEER candidates$-45$ single-line binaries, $18$ double-line binaries, and $7$ diluted binaries. We show that red giants introduce a major source of false candidates and demonstrate a way to improve BEER's performance in extracting higher fidelity samples from future searches of CoRoT light curves. The periods of the confirmed binaries span a range of $0.3-10$ days and show a rise in the number of binaries per $\Delta$log$P$ toward longer periods. The estimated mass ratios of the double-line binaries and the mass ratios assigned to the single-line binaries, assuming an isotropic inclination distribution, span a range of $0.03-1$. On the low-mass end, we have detected two brown-dwarf candidates on a $\sim1$ day period orbit. This is the first time non-eclipsing beaming binaries are detected in CoRoT data, and we estimate that $\sim300$ such binaries can be detected in the CoRoT long-run light curves.
Effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy on visceral adipose tissue area and cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal women with early and locally advanced breast cancer

Aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy provides oncological benefits in postmenopausal women with oestrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer. However, AI treatment has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In nonbreast cancer populations, experimentally induced low oestrogen states and natural transition to menopause have been associated with increases in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), a known surrogate marker for cardiometabolic risk. Given that AI treatment blocks oestradiol production, we hypothesized that AI treatment would increase VAT.
Understanding dropout and non-participation in follow-up evaluation for the benefit of patients and research: evidence from a longitudinal observational study on patients with eating disorders

ABSTRACT Treatment outcomes in eating disorders (EDs) are still an open field for clinicians and researchers. Besides difficulties in egosyntonic-linked treatment engagements, dropout is one of the most crucial elements that cause a reduction in the treatment efficacy. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate factors that could contribute to high dropout rates and non-participation in follow-up evaluation in patients with ED. This study used a large sample of patients from a specialized ED ward and day hospital (DH). A sample of 428 individuals was recruited for this study. Psychological and demographic data were collected at the time of hospitalization and discharge from the facilities. These data were used to explore a possible link between dropout and follow-up non-participation. Specially, the random forest was used to rank demographic and psychological features in importance and evaluate the top results with regression analyses for statistical significance. A dropout rate of 12.14% during inpatient and DH treatment was found. Anger-hostility and general psychopathology were found to be predictors of dropout during treatment, while the duration of the hospitalization predicted non-participation at the six-month follow-up. Specific psychological features should be considered before and during treatments for patients with EDs to reduce dropout rates. The duration of the hospitalization should also be evaluated as a relevant healthcare element that could affect engagement and, accordingly, outcome.