Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic dependence on external funding in Finnish higher education

Abstract Universities are facing increasing external pressures to compete for external funding and to develop mixed economies comprising both state budget funding and external sources. This study aims to provide empirical and theoretical insights by utilising the Resource Dependence Theory and the Ecology of Games Metaphor to examine how Finnish universities articulate their goals for external funding in their institutional strategies. The findings indicate that universities’ central strategic goals and interests in this specific domain of funding align with their aspirations for top-tier research university status and how to advance it. Rather than choosing between different funding streams, universities are adapting to the conditions of their funding environments. The strategies also reveal the presence of contradictory goals, where potential positive externalities serve as justifications for these contradictions. The strategies do not necessarily reveal unique or innovative choices made by the universities, but rather express their future institutional image as being more driven by external funding and research. These strategic goals can be seen as responses to critical dependence on academics and academic research, and as heuristic tools of the university management arena in navigating uncertain and dynamic university environments.
Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice Regarding the Prevention of Complications COVID-19 at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was an emerging public health problem threatening the lives of over 2.4 million people globally. It was a great challenge for the management of all hospitals to respond to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak at the early stage in the world. The most prominent problems were the arrangement of medical staff to diagnose and treat patients with COVID-19 and the allocation of medical protective equipment. The estimated basic reproductive number of the virus is significantly higher than many other infectious diseases, which can potentially result in the capacity of health facilities becoming overwhelmed, even in the countries with the most developed healthcare systems. Objective: The aim was to assess the level of nurses and practice regarding preventing complications of COVID-19 at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study design was used, and a sample size of 110 that was a purposive sampling technique followed those who met the inclusion criteria to assess the nurses’ practice regarding the prevention of complications of COVID-19 at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura. The study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire composed of three parts: Demographic variables, knowledge, and practice-based information on the prevention of COVID-19 complications. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that the demographic information the highest 40.91% were within ≤ 30 years of age, 77.27% were female, 90% were Muslim, 87.27% were married, and 46.36% were diploma in nursing. The average level of knowledge, 38.18%, was a high level of knowledge regarding the prevention of COVID-19, which may be due to their clinical experiences. Conclusion: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health threat, creating a pandemic worldwide. The preventive measures include strict quarantine and screening, as well as education to promote the use of masks and hand-washing practices. Nurses’ roles in the disease are an important cognitive key in public health regarding prevention and promotion.
Improved value iteration network for path planning

In this study, a series of improved path planning algorithms are designed for path planning tasks in autonomous control based on deep reinforcement learning. The Value Iteration Network (VIN) is used to deal with the path planning problem. Origin VIN performs well on small size maps, but when it comes to a bigger size of map on test set, the success rate decreased. In order to solve the problem that origin VIN lacks long-distance multi-step planning ability on large maps and generalization ability is insufficient, a three-step improvement was made. First of all, in view of the inconvenient data flow and the disappearance of gradients caused by the network being too deep, the jump connection structure is used to obtain the deeper VIN, in which the accuracy of the experiment is improved. Secondly, with the purpose of solving the problem that the complexity of the model is greatly increased due to the deepening of the network, Batch normalization is used to obtain a new network with dueling architecture plus batch normalization layer, which further accelerates the convergence speed of the network. Third, to deal with the global path planning problem on the big map, the hierarchical network structure is adopted for hierarchical value iteration, and the Hierarchical Structure VIN is obtained. In Hierarchical Structure VIN, the long-term planning ability and generalization ability of the algorithm have been significantly improved, and the algorithm could figure out the large-scale and complex path planning problem.
Individual variations in sources of self-regulatory efficacy among elementary school pupils

Abstract Self-regulatory efficacy (SRE) among elementary school children is of interest because pupils’ self-regulation capacities and SRE influence in managing learning situations. This study investigated variations in the four sources of SRE and how these variations were related to SRE, reading skills and arithmetic skills. The participants were 1284 pupils in Grades 2 to 5. SRE and the sources of SRE were explored via questionnaires completed by the pupils. Latent profile analysis was used to search for subgroups with similar combinations of sources. Five distinguishable and informative profile groups emerged with differences in SRE levels and basic academic skills. The greatest variations were in mastery experiences and emotional states, which were the most sensitive sources for detecting interindividual differences in the domain of self-regulation. Multiple positive sources contributed to higher SRE, while low exposure to sources was related to both lower SRE and low basic academic skills.
Gamete Recognition Gene Divergence Yields a Robust Eutherian Phylogeny across Taxonomic Levels

The extraordinary morphological diversity among extant mammals poses a challenge for studies of speciation, adaptation, molecular evolution, and reproductive isolation. Despite the recent wealth of molecular studies on mammalian phylogenetics, uncertainties remain surrounding both ancestral and more recent divergence events that have proven difficult to resolve. Multi-gene datasets, especially including genes that are highly divergent, often provide increased support for higher-level affinities within Mammalia; however, such analyses require vast amounts of genomic sequence data and at times, intensive, high-performance computational effort. Furthermore, despite the large-scale efforts dedicated to comprehensive, multi-gene phylogenetic analyses using a combination of mitochondrial, nuclear, and other sequences (e.g., tRNA, ultra-conserved elements, and transposable elements), many relationships across Mammalia remain highly controversial. To offer another approach and provide a phylogenetic solution to this longstanding issue, here we present a phylogenetic tool based on a single reproductive molecular marker, zonadhesin (gene: Zan), one of two known mammalian speciation genes, which encodes the rapidly evolving sperm protein zonadhesin that mediates species-specific adhesion to the egg and thereby promotes reproductive isolation among placental mammals (Eutheria). Topological comparison of Zan Maximum Likelihood phylogenies to a nearly complete mammalian supertree confirmed Zan’s striking phylogenetic utility and resolution at both deeper and more terminal nodes in the placental mammalian phylogeny. This single gene marker yields an equivalent and/or superiorly supported topology in comparison to a supertree generated using DNA sequences from a supermatrix of 31 genes from 5911 species (extinct and extant). Resolution achieved with this new phylogenetic approach provides unique insights into the divergence of both early and recent mammalian radiations. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the utility of zonadhesin as a singular molecular marker was especially useful in clades where sufficient taxon sampling is impossible to achieve, and where only a subset of members of the mammalian species tree is available. The eutherian relationships presented here provide a foundation for future studies in the reconstruction of mammalian classifications, including reproductive isolation, hybridization, and biodiversification of species.
AVIFAUNA DE SAN PEDRO DE LOS MILAGROS, ANTIOQUIA: UNA COMPARACIÓN ENTRE COLECCIONES ANTIGUAS Y EVALUACIONES RÁPIDAS

In this study we compared bird species inventories from ornithological collections of San Pedro de los Milagros (Antioquia) and the results of recent rapid assessment fieldwork in the municipality. San Pedro is the type locality of Atlapetes blancae, a critically endangered bird species. Of the 155 bird species recorded in the municipality was presented, including 148 bird species recorded during fieldwork. In contrast, 43 species were recorded from ornithological collections, highlighting the importance and effectiveness of rapid assessment surveys. Nonetheless, seven species represented in collections were not recorded during fieldwork, for which possible explanations are discussed. It is suggested that the search for Atlapetes blancae should be carried out in other habitats and regions in northern Antioquia, as it we did not find it during fieldwork. Various new distributional records from fieldwork are also discussed.
Endocrinologic Outcome Following Endonasal Transphenoidal Excision of Growth Hormone Secreting Pituitary Adenomas

Background: Endonasal Transphenoidal Approach for excision of pituitary adenomas has been gaining popularity over the traditional microsurgical approach. The objective of this study is to assess the rate of hormonal recovery following endonasal transphenoidal excision of growth hormone secreting pituitary macroadenoma in out center. Methods: In this prospective observational study all cases subjected to endonasal transphenoidal excision of growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma, during the study period from January 2019 to December 2020 at National Neurosurgical Referral Center, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu were included in this study. Preoperative and postoperative patient characteristics were recorded. Hormonal remission was defined as normal insulin-like growth factor-1 level at 3 months follow-up. Results: A total of 24 cases were included. The mean age of acromegaly cases was 39.42±10.41 years (24-56 years), with male to female ratio of 0.71:1. Majority (9) of cases had a Knosp grade 1.Thirteen cases had a Wilson-Hardy Extension Grade 0. Majority (11) of cases had a Wilson-Hardy Invasion Grade I. Three cases developed post-operative CSF leak, which recovered after lumbar drainage with no sequel. Five cases developed epistaxis which resolved with nasal packing. Sixty three percent (15 cases) had normal IGF-1 levels at 3 months follow up. Conclusion: Endoscopic endonasal transphenoidal approach to excision of growth hormone secreting pituitary adenomas is a safe and effective modality at achieving hormonal control in our setting.
Entropy-based subset selection principal component analysis for diabetes risk factor identification

Diabetes is one of the most common diseases, with an estimated 10% of the population suffering from this disease. Therefore, it is important to be able to identify the symptoms of this disease as early as possible before the patient's condition worsens and requires more expensive medical treatment. We aimed to study whether the entropy-based subset selection principal component analysis (E-ss PCA) can diagnose if a person is diabetic. The E-ss PCA is a novel machine learning method that can identify important parameters from a dataset. The E-ss PCA method was originally developed to fix the linearity problem that occurred when the principal component could not be written as the linear combination of the original parameters. Through the process, the E-ss PCA generates subsets of data that guarantee the linearity of variables of the subset. Via the E-ss PCA algorithm, we aim to verify which diabetic risk factors, such as pregnancy, triceps skinfold thickness, Body Mass Index (BMI), pedigree function, and age, are significant. Based on a dataset of diabetes patients from the United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the E-ss PCA method was able to predict whether a person has diabetes or not with an average accuracy of 97.30%, which is higher than the classical PCA with an average accuracy of 94.45%. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm identified that the risk factors that accurately predict diabetes are BMI, triceps skin fold thickness, and blood pressure.
Post-collisional polycyclic plutonism from the Zagros hinterland: the Shaivar Dagh plutonic complex, Alborz belt, Iran

Abstract The petrological and geochronological study of the Cenozoic Shaivar Dagh composite intrusion in the Alborz Mountain belt (NW Iran) reveals important clues to decipher complex relations between magmatic and tectonic processes in the central sectors of the Tethyan (Alpine–Himalayan) orogenic belt. This pluton is formed by intrusion at different times of two main magmatic cycles. The older (Cycle 1) is formed by calc-alkaline silicic rocks, which range in composition from diorites to granodiorites and biotite granites, with abundant mafic microgranular enclaves. The younger cycle (Cycle 2) is formed by K-rich monzodiorite and monzonite of marked shoshonitic affinity. The latter form the larger volumes of the exposed plutonic rocks in the studied complex. Zircon geochronology (laser ablation ICP-MS analyses) gives a concordia age of 30.8 ± 2.1 Ma for the calc-alkaline rocks (Cycle 1) and a range from 23.3 ± 0.5 to 25.1 ± 0.9 Ma for the shoshonitic association (Cycle 2). Major and trace element relations strongly support distinct origins for each magmatic cycle. Rocks of Cycle 1 have all the characteristic features of active continental margins. Shoshonitic rocks (Cycle 2) define two continuous fractionation trends: one departing from a K-rich basaltic composition and the other from an intermediate, K-rich composition. A metasomatized-mantle origin for the two shoshonitic series of Cycle 2 is proposed on the basis of comparisons with experimental data. The origin of the calc-alkaline series is more controversial but it can be attributed to processes in the suprasubduction mantle wedge related to the incorporation of subducted mélanges in the form of silicic cold plumes. A time sequence can be established for the processes responsible of the generation of the two magmatic cycles: first a calc-alkaline cycle typical of active continental margins, and second a K-rich cycle formed by monzonites and monzodiorites. This sequence precludes the younger potassic magmas as precursors of the older calc-alkaline series. By contrast, the older calc-alkaline magmas may represent the metasomatic agents that modified the mantle wedge during the last stages of subduction and cooked a fertile mantle region for late potassic magmatism after continental collision.
Inverse Optimal Adaptive Fuzzy Output Feedback Control for Nonlinear Systems With Output Quantization

The existing results on inverse optimal control are limited to nonlinear systems without quantized signals. To remove this limitation, for strict-feedback nonlinear systems under output quantization, a new adaptive fuzzy inverse method is presented in this article, which achieves the optimal performance without relying on the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. Considering that only quantized output is applied to feedback, first of all, a novel quantized state observer is devised. Second, the unknown nonlinearities are approximated by fuzzy logic systems. Third, to overcome the issue that the partial derivatives of virtual controllers do not exist after quantization, the command filtering technology is applied. Then, by combining the tuning functions and the projection operator, an auxiliary intermediate controller and a parameter adaptive law are constructed. Furthermore, an adaptive inverse optimal controller under output quantization is established. It is shown that all signals in the closed-loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the inverse optimal practical stabilization is realized. Eventually, the effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through two examples.
Correction of accelerator mass spectrometry 14C ages measured in planktonic foraminifera: paleoceanographic implications

Carbon 14 dates obtained by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on foraminiferal samples from deep-sea sediment cores must be corrected for the difference in 14C composition between the atmosphere and the sea surface. In the modern ocean, the “apparent age” of carbonate shells formed in surface waters varies between 300 and 1200 years and depends mainly on latitude. The time variation of this parameter during climate oscillations of the last 40,000 years may have been significant: there should have been small changes for most of the ocean between 40°S and 40°N, but an increase of the apparent age by several hundred years should be expected at high latitudes in response to subpolar/subtropical front movements. The North Atlantic is likely to have experienced the most significant changes, due to large variations in the mode and rate of North Atlantic Deep Water production. These hypothetical changes may be measured by coupled AMS 14C dating of contemporaneous planktonic foraminifera and terrestrial organic matter (pollen, charcoal, wood, etc.) which occur in the same core or are stratigraphically linked by the same volcanic ash layer. The Δ(14C atmosphere, 14C sea surface) can be viewed as a new paleoceanographic tracer which may provide additional information about high latitude surface waters complementary to those obtained with 13C/12C and Cd/Ca ratios measured in planktonic foraminifera.
GEOTAIL observations on the reconnection process in the distant tail in geomagnetically active times

A statistical study is made on the reconnection process in the distant tail by using the GEOTAIL observations at x≈ −150 Re and −95 Re in geomagnetically active times with Kp≥3. Occurrence frequencies of various combinations of the field polarity and the convection direction suggest that at least 75% of the reconnection of open field lines occurs inside 150 Re and at least 39% occurs inside 95 Re. At 150 Re the convection of closed field lines constituting the viscous-like cell is at most 25% of the convection generated by the reconnection of open field lines. The reconnection rate of open field lines varies across the tail and is a few times higher near the tail axis than at the flanks.
On the Mammal-fauna of the Caves of Creswell Crags

The exploration of the caves of Creswell Crags carried on by the Rev. J. M. Mello, F.G. S. , in 1875, and brought before the Society in that and the following year, was finally concluded last summer; and the results have been handed over to me, by the Committee, for description—a task of no little difficulty, from the vast numbers of the fossil remains which have been discovered. The results are of considerable importance, not merely because they confirm the conclusions which were arrived at from the previous explorations, but because they add new facts to the history of palæolithic man in Britain. In dealing with these the Robin-Hood Cave will be taken first; and then I shall check the evidence which it offers by that furnished by the cavern on the other side of the ravine of Creswell Crags known as the Church Hole. It must, however be remarked that the history of both these caverns is rendered imperfect from the promiscuous diggings carried on by unauthorized persons, the results of which have not been brought before the Committee. II The Robin-Hood Cave. A. Distribution of Species in the Lower and Middle Strata. In the description of the remains from the Robin-Hood Cave in this Journal (August 1876, p. 245), attention was drawn to the fact that the cave was inhabited by hyaenas during the time of the deposition of the red sand below, the cave-earth, and the breccia above, and that no traces of man were found below the cave-earth.
Observations of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the southeastern Barents and Pechora seas in February 1993

A total of 138 walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus), including 21 cow/calf pairs, were observed during a ship-board survey in the southeastern Barents and Pechora seas 5-17 February 1993. The observations confirm these areas as wintering and nursery grounds for the species.
Increased IGFBP2 Levels by Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Glucose Metabolism in a TAA-Injured Rat Model via AMPK Signaling Pathway

The insulin resistance caused by impaired glucose metabolism induces ovarian dysfunction due to the central importance of glucose as a source of energy. However, the research on glucose metabolism in the ovaries is still lacking. The objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of PD-MSCs on glucose metabolism through IGFBP2–AMPK signaling and to investigate the correlation between glucose metabolism and ovarian function. Thioacetamide (TAA) was used to construct a rat injury model. PD-MSCs were transplanted into the tail vein (2 × 106) 8 weeks after the experiment started. The expression of the IGFBP2 gene and glucose metabolism factors (e.g., AMPK, GLUT4) was significantly increased in the PD-MSC group compared to the nontransplantation (NTx) group (* p < 0.05). The levels of follicular development markers and the sex hormones AMH, FSH, and E2 were also higher than those in the TAA group. Using ex vivo cocultivation, the mRNA and protein expression of IGFBP2, AMPK, and GLUT4 were significantly increased in the cocultivation with the PD-MSCs group and the recombinant protein-treated group (* p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the increased IGFBP2 levels by PD-MSCs play an important role in glucose metabolism and ovarian function through the IGFBP2–AMPK signaling pathway.