Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Science Education International

Science Education International is the quarterly journal of the International Council of Associations for Science Education (ICASE). ICASE was established in 1973 to extend and improve education in science for all children and youth by assisting member associations throughout the world. This journal provides a means for associations, institutions, centres, foundations, companies, and individuals concerned with science education to share perspectives, concerns, ideas, and information that will foster cooperative efforts to improve science education, and which will serve as a chronicle of the advancement of science education throughout the world
Transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved in CYP46A1 up-regulation by histone deacetylase inhibitors:from chromatin structure to transcription factors

xix Resumo . xxi CHAPTER 1. General Introduction and Objectives . 1 1.1. Cholesterol metabolism . 3 1.1.1. Cholesterol sources and intracellular cholesterol transport . 3 1.1.2. Cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport . 6 1.1.3. Regulation of cholesterol levels . 7 1.2. Cholesterol metabolism in the brain . 10 1.2.1. Brain cholesterol synthesis, transport and efflux . 11 1.2.2. Cholesterol in neurodegenerative disorders . 14 1.2.2.1. Alzheimer’s disease . 15 1.2.2. 2. Niemann-Pick type C disease . 17 1.2.2.3. Huntington’s disease . 19 1.3. Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase . 20 1.3. 1. Gene expression and protein function . 20 1.3. 2. CYP46A1, cholesterol turnover and learning . 23 1.3. 3. CYP46A1 and oxysterols in AD . 24 1.4. Transcriptional regulation of eukaryotic gene expression . 26 1.4. 1. Regulation by the structure of chromatin . 28 1.4. 1.1. Histone acetylation . 31 1.4. 1.2. HDACs and HDAC inhibitors in neurodegenerative conditions . 34
Departure from farming in Polish metropolitan areas – assessment of the scale and spatial differentiation

Purpose – The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the location of farms, the quality of natural conditions and fragmentation of agricultural holdings on the rate of landowners’ departure from agricultural activity, including cattle and pig farming. Research method – The study covered six provinces: Dolnośląskie, Malopolskie, Lubelskie, Mazowieckie, Pomorskie, Wielkopolskie. The considerations carried out were conducted in the system of districts for the years 2004-2016. Results – The largest decrease in the number of direct payment beneficiaries in the years 2004-2016 was recorded in the districts located on the outskirts of metropolitan areas. It was observed that in territorial units which obtained a higher evaluation of the quality of agricultural production space the regression in terms of the number of farms involved in animal production was significantly smaller, and the decrease in the number of single area payment beneficiaries was also smaller. In districts with relatively good natural conditions, faster departue from cattle and pig rearing was facilitated by the fragmentation of the area structure of farms. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – So far,the lack of detailed analyses of changes taking place in agriculture in Polish metropolitan areas has been noted, while this issue has been an important field of interest for researchers in the world for several decades. Therefore itmeans that work should be considered innovative. The results of the undertaken considerations constitute a significant contribution to explaining the reasons for the deagrarianisation of rural areas.
The Optimal Decisions for Formation International Joint Ventures under Uncertainty

This paper develops a model in which the two parties to an international joint venture (IJV) determine the optimal cost ratio and profit share and exercise the jointly held option to enter into an IJV in uncertain situations. In our setting, the two partners make their decisions sequentially under a two-stage Stackelberg game framework, where the risk-neutral multinational company as the leader first designs the cost and equity allocation, and then the risk-averse local firm follows by choosing the optimal timing at which to exercise the joint venture option. The Stackelberg equilibrium solutions to the model are obtained by using a mix of game theory and real options. The results of the numerical analysis show that despite the multinational company’s dominant position in the IJV, its equity share is not always higher than that of the local company and is closely related to the expected growth rate, risk aversion level and market volatility. The cost ratio of the foreign partner will increase correspondingly with its equity ratio unless it faces much more uncertainty in the environment. In addition, an increase in risk aversion leads to the local company sharing a higher proportion of the equity and costs of the joint venture partnership. The findings of the study can provide scientific guidance and suggestions on the transnational joint venture for overseas investment, especially in the “One Belt and One Road” initiative.
The Impact of Cost Allocation on Key Decisions of Supply Chain Participants

Abstract - Modern business processes are impossible without a logistics system. Logistics costs constitute the lion’s share in the total product cost. The purpose of our research is to study the dependence of decision-making on the level of logistics costs. In order to achieve the goal set, questionnaire, mathematical modeling and analysis methods were used in the study. The main problems of cost management in supply chains were highlighted. In the course of our research, we concluded that a universal solution to the problem can be developed for a limited segment of enterprises, since there is no identical solution to increasing cost efficiency for different types of enterprises. According to the results of the questionnaire, managers’ decisions on increasing efficiency are dependent on their subjective desires rather than dictated by the economic efficiency. Sixty-seven per cent of the respondents are ready to reject a profitable project due to risks. The questionnaire also showed that only 4% of the managers are ready to quit an already implemented project if it is ineffective. This begs the question: do all projects prove to be really effective after their implementation? A two-factor mathematical model with a dummy variable showed the dependence of increased logistics costs on the period in which they were implemented. The mathematical model obtained during the study will be useful for predicting and budgeting the level of logistics costs. It can also encourage independent enterprises to build advanced mathematical models.
Ginkgolide and bilobalide biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba. I : Sites of synthesis, translocation and accumulation of ginkgolides and bilobalide

Ginkgo biloba trees contain specific terpene compounds, ginkgolides (diterpene) and bilobalide (pentanorditerpene). Ginkgolide A (GA) and ginkgolide B (GB) are the main molecular forms of ginkgolides. These compounds are present in young seedlings and accumulate within roots and leaves, but not in stems. In vitro experiments showed a correlation between accumulation of terpenes and rhizogenesis. Ginkgolides and bilobalide could easily be formed from 14 CO 2 when the photosynthesis conditions were optimized. Ginkgolide A was first labelled. as early as 8 h after application of 14 CO 2 . The ginkgolide labelling reached a maximum at day 3 followed by a steady state around day 10. Bilobalide labelling, occurred later and showed a maximum at day 6. The chronology of ginkgolide labelling indicated a possible in situ bioconversion of ginkgolides from GA to GC, by successive additions of hydroxyl group. With both 14 CO 2 and (U- 14 C) glucose, the labelled terpenes were first detected in roots. and subsequently in stems and leaves. These complementary experiments indicate that all the enzymic steps leading to the Ginkgo diterpene end products take place in the roots but not in the leaves. Ginkgo roots are, at the same time. a site of biosynthesis and accumulation of ginkgolides and bilobalide. whereas leaves seem to act only as a sink. The balance of 14 C-labelled terpenes in the whole plant during the chase period (27 days) indicates that terpenes seem to be translocated from the roots to the leaves in a source-sink manner. However, the possible involvement of modified terpene molecules in the transport process as well as the localization of the translocation pathway are not known.
Comparison of Inhaled Anesthesia with Sevoflurane and Intravenous Anesthetics with Propofol in Children under Flexible Bronchoscopy

Objective : Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic procedure. Due to lack of cooperation of children, pediatric bronchoscopy is necessarily accompanied by anesthesia. The most prevailing method of anesthesia in children is inhaled anesthesia, but since duration of anesthesia is long and there is involuntary respiration in this method, the amount of dispersed gas is high. The objective of this review is comparing inhaled anesthesia with sevoflurane and intravenous anesthetics with propofol in children under flexible bronchoscopy, in order to do a more appropriate and safe bronchoscopy and also to improve recovery after general anesthesia in children. Methodology : 80 children under the age of 10 who were going under flexible bronchoscopy, were randomly divided into two groups of 40 individuals. For anesthesia of one group inhaled sevoflurane was given, and for the second group intravenous propofol was given; then in both groups changes in blood pressure, heart rate, O2 saturation t, and recovery time were recorded and compared. Findings : There is no significant difference in three times measurement of both anesthetics. In other words the average blood pressure shows no difference after anesthesia, start of bronchoscopy, and end of bronchoscopy in both anesthetics (P-value=0.771). Moreover, no significant difference was observed in three times measurement of both anesthetics. This means that the average heart rate shows no difference after anesthesia, start of bronchoscopy, and end of bronchoscopy in both anesthetics. Furthermore, the average o2sat is different after anesthesia, start of bronchoscopy, and end of bronchoscopy in both anesthetics (P-value>0.001).
Simple Synthesis of NdFeO3 Nanoparticles By the Co-Precipitation Method Based on a Study of Thermal Behaviors of Fe (III) and Nd (III) Hydroxides

In this study, a nanostructured NdFeO3 material was synthesized via a simple process of the hydrolysis of Nd (III) and Fe (III) cations in hot water with 5% NaOH as a precipitating agent. According to the results of the thermal behaviors of each hydroxide, either containing Fe (III) or Nd (III), the perovskite type of neodymium orthoferrite NdFeO3 was simply synthesized by annealing a mixture of Fe (III) and Nd (III) hydroxides at 750 °C. The nanostructured NdFeO3 was obtained in spherical granules with diameters of around 30 nm. The magnetic properties of the material were a coercive force (Hc) of 136.76 Oe, a remanent magnetization (Mr) of 0.68 emu·g–1, and a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 0.79 emu·g–1.
Neonatal ibotenic acid lesions of the ventralhippocampus : the effects of stress on gene expression and apoptosis

Recently, it has been suggested that neurodevelopmental abnormalities underlie schizophrenia. However, it has also been suggested that schizophrenia is a neurodegenerative disease as evidenced by a progressive worsening of symptoms over time. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities may, therefore, create a functionally compromised system that is more susceptible to neuronal atrophy and/or death caused by environmental factors such as stress (a known precipitant of acute psychotic episodes and exacerbant of schizophrenia). This hypothesis was tested using the putative neurodevelopmental animal model of schizophrenia described by Lipska etal: (1993). This model, which parallels a number of aspects of schizophrenia, involves bilateral ibotenic acid lesions in postnatal day 7 male rats. The effects of neonatal hippocampal lesions on BDNF mRNA and NMDARl mRNA, factors involved in development, cell survival and cell communication, were investigated in adult rats following exposure to a physiological stressor. Apoptosis levels were also investigated in these rats to determine if neurodegeneration was present. Results demonstrate that BDNF mRNA was reduced in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of lesioned as compared to sham rats. Increased BNDF mRNA resulted from swim stress in both groups, but the increase in lesioned animals was more pronounced than controls. NMDARl mRNA was also reduced in the prefrontal cortex and CA3 and CAI regions of the hippocampus in lesioned venus sham rats. There was an increase, however, in the dentate gyrus of lesioned venus sham rats. Swim stress increased NMDARl mRNA in the prefrontal cortex and decreased it in the hippocampus. There was also an increase in apoptosis in lesioned versus sham rats, with no significant increase in response to stress. Reductions in BDNF mRNA in lesioned versus control animals support the hypothesis that neurodevelopmental lesions may result in a system more susceptible to stressors. Reductions in NMDARl mRNA are in accordance with the NMDA glutamate receptor hypofundion theory of schizophrenia. It is possible that reductions in glutamate function can remove the inhibitory effect of GABA, thereby resulting in overexcitation of the system and a potential for neurodegeneration. Increased apoptosis supports the presence of neurodegeneration as an ongoing phenomenon, however, it appears that these animals are resistant to increased cell death induced by acute stressors. The question remains whether chronic stress may have more serious consequences in these lesioned animals.
Interacting Factors of Strain Ratio Values in Fibroadenomas and the Contribution of Color Scale

Background: The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate the association of qualitative and semiquantitative strain elastography (SE) features with factors such as lesion size, skin-to-lesion distance, and patient's age in fibroadenomas and to discuss false-positive results. Methods: A total of 120 lesions that were performed SE with histopathologically confirmed fibroadenoma were included in the study. All images were reviewed from the archiving system with a consensus of two radiologists. Tsukuba elasticity score was used for color scoring (from 1 to 5). Lesions with strain ratio (SR) ≥2.27 and color scale score of 4 or 5 were considered as false positive. The patients were divided into two groups according to the age: <50 and ≥50 years old. Regard of the size, lesions were divided into two groups: <15 mm and ≥15 mm. The distances of the lesions to the skin were also divided into two groups: <5 mm and ≥5 mm. Statistical analysis to identify associations between these groups and SR was carried out with Pearson Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. The false-positive rates were calculated. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between patients' age, lesion size, skin-to-lesion distance, and SR values. The false-positive rate was 21.66% for SR, while it was 3.33% for color scale. Conclusion: SR values of the fibroadenomas were not affected by factors such as age, lesion size, and depth. In addition, false-positive rates significantly decrease when color scale scores are evaluated for fibroadenomas.
Effect of industrial wastes and lime on strength characteristics of clayey soil

The purpose of this paper is to attempt to use two industrial wastes; waste foundry sands (WFS) and molasses (M) along with lime (L) to improve the strength characteristics of clayey soil. ,In the first part of the study, the optimum percentages of materials (WFS, molasses, lime) have been found out by conducting differential free swell (DFS) and consistency limit tests on clayey soil by adding various admixtures. The second and third part of the study investigates the compaction behaviour and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of clayey soil on addition of optimum amount of various materials alone and in combination with each other. Finally, the micro-structural behaviour of addition of optimum percentages of lime, WFS and molasses using Scanning electron microscopic technique has been discussed. ,The laboratory results revealed that the addition of optimum content of lime along with WFS and molasses reduced DFS and plasticity index and increased maximum dry density and UCS values. The microstructural behaviour showed that the presence of lime and molasses filled the voids present in the soil and the addition of WFS helped in providing compact structure, thus improving the strength characteristics. ,The study will be helpful in designing low-cost pavement designs for rural roads. ,The adverse effect of waste materials on environment may be solved by using them in improving the strength characteristics of clayey soils, thereby providing healthy environment to living beings. ,The study will help to provide low-cost methods to improve strength characteristics of clayey soil along with the use of waste materials; the disposal of whose is a challenging task.
Detection of 'Candidatus phytoplasma asteris' in ashleaf maple trees with shoot proliferation and decline

In the late 1990s, a new and devastating disease was noticed among ashleaf maples in nurseries and urban areas of southern and central Poland. Symptoms include severe growth abnormalities, shoot proliferation and decline, which may indicate that the disease in Poland is caused by a phytoplasma. To test the hypothesis, we tested diseased ashleaf maples for the presence of phytoplasma. PCR and RFLP revealed that one particular strain of phytoplasma, the aster yellows phytoplasma, was present in diseased ashleaf maple trees. To further test this hypothesis, we inoculated Catharanthus roseus test plants with bud grafts from infected trees, and then inoculated young, healthy maple seedlings with shoot grafts from symptomatic periwinkles. Although the infection rate was low and the course of the disease was milder, or even latent, the presence of the aster yellows phytoplasma in both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants was present. The results suggest that the aster yellows phytoplasma is connected with the ashleaf maple disease. The aster yellows phytoplasma has been assigned to group 16SrI, subgroup B (16SrI-B). Now this group is reclassified as 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris'.
Game on: a cycling exergame can elicit moderate-to-vigorous intensity. A pilot study

Objectives The aims of this pilot study were to investigate oxygen uptake (V̇O2) while playing a cycling exergame to assess exercise intensity to determine its potential as a feasible exercise alternative to improve aerobic fitness, and to assess the validity of using heart rate (HR) to estimate V̇O2 in exergaming. Methods Five males (age: 32±8; peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak): 47.9±7.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) and five females (age: 27±3; V̇O2peak: 33.9±4.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) played the cycling exergame ‘Pedal Tanks’ for 45 min, with measurements of HR and V̇O2. Results Average and peak V̇O2 during exergaming were 61.7±10.1% and 78.3±11.7% of V̇O2peak, respectively, whereas average and peak HR were 80.0±9.4% and 91.5%±6.7% of HRpeak. There was a strong positive correlation between V̇O2 and HR for all participants (p<0.05) although estimated V̇O2 from HR was 9% higher than that measured during exergaming. Conclusion Our preliminary data suggest that the cycling exergame we investigated can elicit moderate-to-vigorous intensities and may therefore be a viable alternative to conventional aerobic exercise. The exercise intensity during exergaming was overestimated when using HR alone.
Impact of improved forms of sulphur on NPK status of soil under mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivation

A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University during rabi season of 2016-17 to evaluate the effect of improved sulphur (S) formulations on the status of available macronutrients in soil at various growth stages of mustard. Results revealed that the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content of soil decreased with increasing the dose of Gromor Rapid Blue® from 5 to 7.5 kg acre-1. Residual N and K status of the soil were found highest when Micronized S was applied @3kg acre-1, whereas application of Gromor Sulphamax @10kg acre-1 gave better results in increasing the P content of soil. At vegetative stage, maximum increase in NPK level over control was recorded, i.e. 34.4, 49.0, and 11.6% with application of Micronized S @3kg acre-1, Gromor Sulphamax @10kg acre-1, and Gromor Rapid Blue® 7.5 kg acre-1, respectively. During this study, the available nutrient content of soil was in decreasing trend as the crop progressed and maximum available nutrient content was observed at vegetative stage.
Physical Hypotheses for Adjusting Coarse Profiles and Improving 1D Site-Response Estimation Assessed at 10 KiK-net Sites

One-dimensional (1D) linear, equivalent-linear, and nonlinear site-response models have been shown to be biased toward underprediction at high frequencies in the aggregate, particularly at small-to-medium strains. Because this bias persists among various constitutive models, we hypothesize that breakdowns in the 1D site-response assumptions and/or poorly characterized soil properties are responsible for the consistent underpredictions. We test four physical hypotheses for this persistent bias using 398 ground motions at 10 selected sites in Japan’s Kiban–Kyoshin (KiK-net) database that are adequately modeled by 1D wave propagation. Specifically, we (1) apply a depth-dependent shear-wave velocity (VS) gradient within layers, (2) decrease the small-strain damping ratio by half, (3) increase the small-strain shear modulus by 10%, and (4) randomize the VS profile. We find that the application of a depth-dependent VS gradient and the reduction of the small-strain damping ratio most greatly reduce the high-frequency bias; that the randomized VS profiles sometimes improve predictions at the fundamental site frequency but often lead to greater underpredictions at high frequencies; and that the 10% adjustment of the small-strain shear modulus has a minimal effect. A significant finding of this study is that overly coarse VS profiles, which are inadequately sampled in depth, induce considerable underprediction bias in site-response models at high frequencies. With regard to 1D site-response model improvement, this study suggests that greater attention should be paid to the coarseness of VS profiles and excessive impedance contrasts, and that profile corrections using depth-dependent VS gradients may be warranted in some cases.
The Effect of Level of Education, Accounting Knowledge, and Utilization Of Information Technology Toward Quality The Quality of MSME’s Financial Reports

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of educational levels, accounting knowledge, and technology of information toward quality of financial statement. There are 194 SMEs in Kalidereswhich becomes populations of this research and by using purposive sampling method, there are 85 respondents selected. The research method used is quantitative research method. Program used in analyzing the data using SmartPLS 3.0 and for descriptive using SPSS 22. The results of this research show that the educational levels does not effects the quality of financial statement while accounting knowledge, and technology of information are positifly significant influences the quality of financial statement.