Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Causal Relationship between Financial Structure and Economic Growth in Contemporary African Economy: A Case Study of Nigeria from 1990-2018

This study examined financial structure and economic growth of contemporary African economies; evidence from Nigeria. The specific objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of financial structure in bank credit to the private sector ratio (BC), market capitalization ratio (MC), liquid liability ratio (LLR), turnover ratio (TR) and value of traded share (VTS) on economic growth variable in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The study was anchored on bank based and market-based theory. The study used secondary data obtained from World Bank Data Atlas and subjected them to Granger Causality technique to test the interaction between independent variables and the dependent variable at the 5% level of significance. The findings show that financial structure in BC, MC, LLR, TR and VTS had no significant effect on GDP in the contemporary African economies. The result further discovered that there was absence of long run relationship in the study. Thus, the study concludes that financial structure does not have significant effect on economic growth in the contemporary African economies. Hence, the study recommends that financial structure should strengthen and enhance availability of money supply to key sector of the economy thereby improving economic growth by ensuring financial deepening within the economies and providing viable economic environment for financial enhancement to boost investment activities within the Nigerian economy.
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Normal Variants of the Oral Mucosa in 12 to 15-year-old School Students in Lucknow – A Cross-Sectional Survey

Introduction: The diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions and normal variants of the oral mucosa is an essential aspect of dental practice and traditionally the mucosal membrane of the oral cavity has been looked on as a mirror of general health. Epidemiological studies conducted to date have been in adults and populations at high risk for specific lesions. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and normal variants of the oral mucosa in 12–15-year-old school students in Lucknow and the relationship between the occurrences of these lesions with the possible risk factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done on 925 school going children of age 12–15 years, selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data collection involved a pre-designed questionnaire to collect demographic information and smoking and smokeless tobacco chewing habits. The WHO Guide to Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Oral Mucosal Diseases (1980) was used to record the presence and anatomical location of the lesions. Oral mucosal examination was performed by a single trained and calibrated investigator. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The study result showed that 154 (16.6%) were diagnosed with at least one mucosal lesion at the time of examination. The prevalence of any oral mucosal lesion was 16.4% among boys and 16.9% among girls, but there were no statistically significant differences in oral mucosal lesion by gender. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was found to be statistically significant with tobacco habit. Conclusions: This study suggests that oral mucosal lesions were diagnosed minimally in adolescents. Significant higher prevalence of lesions was noticed among subjects with a tobacco habit. There is a need to increase the awareness regarding oral mucosal lesions and also to prevent the deleterious oral habits. 1Student, 2Ex-vice Principal and Professor and Head, 3Professor and Head, 4Senior Lecturer 1-4Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Corresponding Author: Dr. Arunendra Singh Chauhan, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail: dr.arun00@gmail.com
Women in property and mining organizations: measuring effectiveness of gender equality initiatives

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of gender equality initiatives on women’s representation in Australian property development and mining industries. It suggests and tests a positive relationship between gender equality initiatives (human resource, work-life and sex-based harassment prevention initiatives) and women’s representation at management, non-management levels and organisational levels, derived from the signaling theory. It also suggests and tests the moderating effect of gender composition of the top management team on the main relationships, derived from the upper echelon theory. Archival Workplace Gender Equality Agency (WGEA) data from 405 organisational reports were used. The findings partially support the proposed hypotheses. Theoretical, research and practical implications are discussed.
Role Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavior Control in Customers’ Purchase Intention

The aim related to the current literature is to examine the role of perceived behaviour control, subject norms and attitude on the purchase intension of the customers in Malaysia. Data were gathered from the customer relation manager of the companies and SPSS employed to test the hypotheses. The results show that positive nexus among the perceived behaviour control and purchase intension, subject norms and purchase intension and attitude and purchase intension.
PII: S0025-326X(99)00136-8

A. SANTULLI *, A. MODICAà, C. MESSINA , L. CEFFA , A. CURATOLO , G. RIVASà, G. FABI§ and V. DÕAMELIOàà Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario Provincia di Trapani, Lungomare Dante Alighieri, Casa Santa/ Erice, 91016 Trapni, Italy àCentro Oceanologico Mediterraneo (C.E.O.M.), Palermo, Italy §I.R. Pe.M ± C.N. R. , Ancona, Italy E.N. I S.p.A. , Divisione AGIP, San Donato, Milanese (MI), Italy ààIstituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Universit a di Palermo, Italy
Reconstruction of Lamb weather type series back to the 18th century

The Lamb weather type series is a subjective catalogue of daily atmospheric patterns and flow directions over the British Isles, covering the period 1861-1996. Based on synoptic maps, meteorologists have empirically classified surface pressure patterns over this area, which is a key area for the progression of Atlantic storm tracks towards Europe. We apply this classification to a set of daily pressure series from a few stations from western Europe, in order to reconstruct and to extend this daily weather type series back to 1781. We describe a statistical framework which provides, for each day, the weather types consistent enough with the observed pressure pattern, and their respective probability. Overall, this technique can correctly reconstruct almost 75% of the Lamb daily types, when simplified to the seven main weather types. The weather type series are described and compared to the original series for the winter season only. Since the low frequency variability of synoptic conditions is directly related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), we derive from the weather type series an NAO index for winter. An interesting feature is a larger multidecadal variability during the 19th century than during the 20th century.
Novice EFL Teachers' Precon-ceptions of Teaching English: A Case Study of Iranian Private Institutes

As a growing trend in the cognitive approach to teaching, exploring teachers’ preconceptions can help to reveal various underlying dimensions that could leave significant impacts on the teaching process. Such preconceptions, of course, are very important in the case of novice teachers, particularly English as foreign language (EFL) ones, who have started to shape or re-shape their ideas about teaching. This study investigated Iranian EFL novice teachers’ preconceptions at private institutes, following three purposes: (a) it tried to find any possibly existing underlying preconceptions about teaching in the teachers; (b) it sought to detect any 1 Associate professor, Department of English, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran. (corresponding author); aminkarimnia@iaufasa.ac. ir 2 MA graduate in TEFL, Department of English, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran; leilabarbareh@iaufasa.ac. ir DOI: 10.22051/LGHOR.2020. 31478.1309 32 — Novice EFL Teachers’ Precon-ceptions of Teaching English: A Case Study of Iranian Private Institutes similar patterns in their ideas; and (c) it intended to find the metaphorical expressions the teachers used to share their experiences of teaching English. To trace any similarities in the novice teachers' preconceptions, copies of a questionnaire including twelve items were completed by a sample of novice EFL teachers (43 males/females). The data analysis revealed five factors underlying the preconceptions: learning, students' problem solving, teachers' role, instruction, and good teacher. Moreover, to investigate the metaphorical expressions, 20-miniute semi-structured interviews were arranged with five EFL novice teachers. The interviews revealed that the participants employed metaphors in sharing their teaching-related experiences.
Relationship between Charismatic Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Considering the Mediators of Ethical Climate and Work Engagement in Iran Darou Pharmaceutical Company

This descriptive correlational study was designed to investigate the relationship between charismatic leadership and organizational citizenship behavior considering the mediators of ethical climate and work engagement in Iran Darou Pharmaceutical Company. 132 persons out of 200 personnel, selected based on convenience sampling, participated in this study. Questionnaires were used for the purpose of data-collection. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the analysis showed that charismatic leadership has a moderate positive effect on the ethical climate (t = 4.48, β = 0.35) and organizational citizenship behavior (t = 4.57, β = 0.37) It strongly affects work engagement in a positive way. (t = 7.07, Beta coefficient= 0.57) The results showed that OCB has strong positive relationship with ethical climate (t = 9.69, β = 0.44). On the other hand, work engagement has a moderate positive relationship with organizational citizenship behavior (t = 3.46, β = 0.31). In the relationship between charismatic leadership and organizational citizenship behavior, ethical climate (0.154 < 0.37) and work engagement (0.176 < 0.37) do not work as mediators.
Microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of nickel aluminum bronze Cu-9Al-4Fe-4Ni-1Mn fabricated through wire-arc additive manufacturing

As a step forward toward the development of the next generation of nickel aluminum bronze (NAB) components using wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), square bars were printed in the vertical direction. The as-built microstructure was characterized using multi-scale electron microscopy techniques, where the differences in phase formation were compared to the reference cast-NAB based on the solidification characteristics. The as-cast microstructure typically consists of Cu-rich α-matrix, and four types of intermetallic particles referred to as κphases. In the WAAM-NAB, the formation of κI was suppressed due to high cooling rates. The microstructure was finer and the volume fraction of intermetallic particles was significantly lower than that of the cast-NAB. Based on energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) technique and diffraction pattern analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the phases formed in the interdendritic regions were identified as κII (globular Fe3Al) and κIII (lamellar NiAl), whereas numerous fine (5–10 nm) Fe-rich κIV particles were precipitated uniformly within the αmatrix. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis revealed weak texture on both parallel and perpendicular planes to the building direction with (100) poles rotated away from the build direction. The WAAM-NAB sample exhibited considerably higher yield strength ( ̃88MPa) and elongation ( ̃10%) than the cast-NAB, but the gain in the ultimate tensile strength was marginal.
Contrasting levels of genetic differentiation among populations of wolverines (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gulo gulo</Emphasis>) from northern Canada revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial loci

Habitat loss, fragmentation, overharvest, and other anthropogenic factors have resulted in population and distribution declines for North American wolverines (Gulo gulo). Currently, wolverines east of the Hudson Bay are endangered and possibly extinct, whereas the status of wolverines throughout the remaining Holarctic is vulnerable. Three previous studies using nuclear loci have detected little to no significant structuring among wolverines sampled across northern Canada. Based on these results it has been suggested that wolverines in northern Canada represent a single, panmictic population. However, as has been shown in numerous studies, in cases of female site fidelity, it is possible to have demographically autonomous populations even with male-biased gene flow. To better assess the genetic structure of wolverines in northern Canada, we examined nine microsatellite loci and DNA sequence variation from a 200 bp fragment of the mitochondrial (mtDNA) control region for 270 wolverines from nine collecting areas representing three regions of northern Canada. In agreement with previous studies, microsatellite analyses revealed a lack of significant population substructure (FST 1⁄4 0.0004). However, analysis of molecular variance, comparisons of pairwise FST values and nested-clade analysis of the mtDNA data revealed considerable genetic structuring among samples of wolverines from these three regions of northern Canada. These mitochondrial data provide evidence that wolverines in Canada are genetically structured due to female philopatry. The contrasting patterns of genetic differentiation based on nuclear and mitochondrial data highlight the importance of examining both nuclear and mitochondrial loci when attempting to elucidate patterns of genetic structure.
IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA By Akubo

The growing proliferation of Deposit Money Banks' branches across the country call for commensurate growth in the demonstration of their corporate social responsibility practices. The correlation between such practices and firms performances is no longer a moot matter. This paper examines the impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria, from 2013-2017. The variables comprise of corporate social responsibility health and sports expenditures as proxies for the independent variable while profit after tax (PAT) measures the dependent variable. Data analysed were obtained from the financial statements of the various banks for the period under study. The statistical tools of analysis used were correlation matrix, descriptive statistics and panel least square regression. The results show that corporate social responsibility expenditure on health has an insignificant positive impact on profit after tax (PAT) of selected deposit money bank in Nigeria. Also, corporate social responsibility expenditure on sport (CSRSE) has a significant positive impact on profit after tax in selected deposit money banks in Nigeria, for the period under review. The study recommends that the management of Nigerian deposit money banks should reduce and strictly monitor their corporate social responsibility health expenditure in order to enhance their performance. The study also recommends that the management of Nigerian deposit money banks should sustain and further increase their corporate social responsibility expenditure on sports in order to increase their performances.
THE EFFECT OF E-WOM ON PURCHASE INTENTION THROUGH ATTITUDE WITH SOVC AS A MODERATING VARIABLE ON THE FOLLOWERS OF INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT “KOMUNITAS PECANDU BUKU”

This study aims to examine the influence of eWOM towards attitude-mediated purchase intention and the power of SOVC in strengthening the effect of eWOM on both attitudes and purchase intentions. The subject was the "Komunitas Pecandu Buku” (KPB) Instagram account. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires. The sampling technique used was the purposive sampling technique, provided 260 respondents who are followers of the KBP Instagram account. This study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) testing. Academically, this study proves that the model consisting of the mediating effect of attitude on the influence of eWOM to purchase intention and the moderating effect of SOVC on the influence of eWOM on attitudes and the influence of attitude on the purchase intention of followers can be used to increase purchase intention. The attitude acts as a partial mediation, and the eWOM is proven to be the most dominant in influencing the purchase intention. These findings can be an academic reference and for the following research can develop this tested model by expandingto more diverse research subjects such as Facebook, Pinterest, and other social media, and alsocan add the other variables such as brand image and customer experience. Practically, this model can be implemented in organizations, especially the subject of this research, namely the KBP Instagram account.
INTERNAL MARKETING PROVIDES A SYSTEMATIC FRAMEWORK TO DEVELOP CORPORATE CULTURE AND IMPROVE THE INTERNAL ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical foundation concerning the use of internal marketing (IM) as a vehicle for the implementation of quality management (QM). The ultimate goal in this context is to present IM as a technique for gaining the acceptance of the employees or departments that are critical to the successful implementation of QM programs (Lewis, 1996). The argument presented in this article is based on the views that the internal market consists of groups of workers and managers communicating and interacting with other groups of workers and managers within the organization, and that the establishment and maintenance of effective and efficient relationships between these groups is the focus of internal marketing efforts. The first part of the paper presents the brief introduction of quality management and the conceptual definitions of internal marketing and its linkage with QM programs. It considers the objectives and different approaches of IM in the views of different writers. The second part of the article describes the theoretical framework and the broad classes of variables which are central to this review, namely corporate cultural change (CCC) and internal organizational communication (IOC), and their relationship to internal marketing which it was argued, are critical for the implementation of QM programs.
Finite Mixture Models Based on Pain Intensity, Functional Disability and Psychological Distress Composite Assessment Allow Identification of Two Distinct Classes of Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome after Surgery Patients Related to Their Quality of Life

Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome Type 2 (PSPS-T2), (Failed Back Surgery Syndrome), dramatically impacts on patient quality of life, as evidenced by Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) assessment tools. However, the importance of functioning, pain perception and psychological status in HRQoL can substantially vary between subjects. Our goal was to extract patient profiles based on HRQoL dimensions in a sample of PSPS-T2 patients and to identify factors associated with these profiles. Two classes were clearly identified using a mixture of mixed effect models from a clinical data set of 200 patients enrolled in “PREDIBACK”, a multicenter observational prospective study including PSPS-T2 patients with one-year follow-up. We observed that HRQoL was more impacted by functional disability for first class patients (n = 136), and by pain perception for second class patients (n = 62). Males that perceive their work as physical were more impacted by disability than pain intensity. Lower education level, lack of adaptive coping strategies and higher pain intensity were significantly associated with HRQoL being more impacted by pain perception. The identification of such classes allows for a better understanding of HRQoL dimensions and opens the gate towards optimized health-related quality of life evaluation and personalized pain management.
CSR Financial Performance and Long- term Investment in Japan1

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is gaining importance among governments, consumers, businesses, and academics. We empirically investigate CSR-related stock performance effects through the power of extended governance in Japan. In this regard, we apply a comprehensive and unique investigation to more than 10 years of recent data. Our results are as follows. First, we find that CSR activities create better stock performance in the labor-related and environmental (eco) categories for mid-term investments. This result is robust. Second, greater overseas sales and foreign investor ratios mean that firms can enjoy better stock performance in the labor-related and eco categories for mid-term investments. Additionally, the global sales field is an important means of progressing suitable CSR activities, especially in the community category. Third, increases in CSR performance improve firm-specific informativeness in the labor-related and governance categories. However, eco CSR activities reflect public information in stock prices. To manage CSR activities, stock performance and the stock price information structure must be understood. Overall, we find that CSR activities play an important role in extended governance, with some conditions. Our research and findings extend the related literature and provide practical guidance for policymakers and practitioners.