Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet radiation exposure of a high arctic lake in Svalbard during the Holocene

Long‐term fluctuations in lake‐water optical properties were examined using a Holocene sediment sequence and multi‐proxy palaeolimnological approach in Lake Einstaken, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. UV‐absorbance of sedimentary cladoceran remains provided information on underwater UV exposure and changes in lake‐catchment coupling processes were inferred from sediment geochemistry. In addition, aquatic community succession was used as an indicator for lake‐water bio‐optical properties and a Holocene record of sun activity (sunspots) was utilized to evaluate long‐term solar forcing. The results indicated that the UV‐absorbance of cladoceran remains was highest (i.e. maximum UV‐induced pigmentation) for a short period during the early Holocene and for several millennia during the mid‐Holocene. Sun activity was high during these time intervals, probably impacting the UV intensities, but it is probable that the amount of UV‐attenuating compounds (e.g. dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) also significantly affected the underwater UV environment and were low during high UV exposure. Benthic autotrophic communities also responded to the millennial changes in lake‐water optical properties. UV‐resistant Nostoc cyanobacterial colonies were established during the mid‐Holocene, indicative of high underwater UV intensities, and Fontinalis mosses thrived during the early Holocene, indicating a highly transparent water column. The results further suggested that underwater UV exposure decreased during the late Holocene, which is probably attributable to increased DOC and decreased solar forcing. Owing to the location of Lake Einstaken and its catchment in the periglacial barren landscape of the polar desert, the fluctuations of bio‐optical lake‐water properties were apparently forced by postglacial environmental processes and Holocene climate development. These factors controlled sea shoreline proximity, water discharge, ice‐cover duration and littoral‐benthic primary production and further affected the underwater UV environment. Although the role of solar forcing cannot be underestimated, the current record emphasizes the role of climate‐mediated lake‐catchment interactions in impacting bio‐optical properties and UV exposure of high arctic aquatic systems.
Estimating prevalence of functional iron deficiency anaemia in advanced cancer

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From dry land to water: psychosocial impact on the lakeside villages of the Alqueva dam / Desde tierra firme al agua: impacto psicosocial en los pueblos junto de la presa de Alqueva

Abstract This quasi-experimental study focus on the psychosocial impact of the Alqueva dam on state-anxiety, residential satisfaction and place identity of the inhabitants of four villages: Luz (forced to relocate), Estrela (whose village became a peninsula), Amieira (whose village became a peninsula with a marina) and Monsaraz (whose village started overlooking water). Psychosocial impact was analysed as a function of village and time. As expected, Luz evidenced the most negative psychosocial impact, as inhabitants showed higher anxiety, lower residential satisfaction towards village and house and lower place identity. Results also evidence how changes in the immediate surroundings and landscape have significant psychosocial impact. Cross-sectional measures taken with a six-year interval evidenced no changes in time. Perceived public engagement, in particular perceived public communication and consultation, was related to greater adaptation in Luz, its role being discussed as a coping strategy. Results stress the need to manage the psychosocial impact of large projects.
A critical assessment of stress nonuniformities in hollow cylinder test specimens.

A critical assessment of stress nonuniformity in hollow cylinder torsional specimens used in the study of soil behaviour under general stress paths is presented. It is shown that acceptable levels of nonuniformity in individual stress components adopted in earlier studies can cause serious and unacceptable nonuniformity in stress ratio across the specimen wall. Stress ratio being the most important variable that controls response of frictional granular materials, concepts of stress nonuniformity are advanced in terms of acceptable stress ratio variation across the specimen wall. Thus the region of general stress space that can be explored for material characterization without introducing serious nonuniformities in stress ratio is delineated together with its interrelationship to specimen geometry.
Trilobites from the Ordovician Shihtzupu Formation, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China

ABSTRACT Twenty-seven species assigned to 20 genera of trilobites are described from Feilaishi in Guizhou Province, the type section of the Shihtzupu Formation in S W China. They occur in association with a sparse graptolite fauna including Glyptograptus teretiusculus. Eleven taxa are recorded here for the first time. Much new morphological information is provided regarding previously known species and 3 lectotypes are selected. The trilobites are largely endemic and indicate a quiet and comparatively shallow water environment
Secondary Care Clinic for Chronic Disease: Protocol

Background The complexity of chronic disease management activities and the associated financial burden have prompted the development of organizational models, based on the integration of care and services, which rely on primary care services. However, since the institutions providing these services are continually undergoing reorganization, the Centre hospitalier affilié universitaire de Québec wanted to innovate by adapting the Chronic Care Model to create a clinic for the integrated follow-up of chronic disease that relies on hospital-based specialty care. Objective The aim of the study is to follow the project in order to contribute to knowledge about the way in which professional and management practices are organized to ensure better care coordination and the successful integration of the various follow-ups implemented. Methods The research strategy adopted is based on the longitudinal comparative case study with embedded units of analysis. The case study uses a mixed research method. Results We are currently in the analysis phase of the project. The results will be available in 2015. Conclusions The project’s originality lies in its consideration of the macro, meso, and micro contexts structuring the creation of the clinic in order to ensure the integration process is successful and to allow a theoretical generalization of the reorganization of practices to be developed.
Harvest and Conservation of Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus Griseus) in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand

Customary harvest of wildlife can be an important mechanism through which indigenous people maintain a connection with their environment. Observations built up during harvesting events are also a useful way of monitoring change over time. However, not all traditional societies have lived harmoniously with their environment. Wildlife populations can become depleted quickly if not managed sustainably. Using traditional knowledge interviews, empirical data from two island populations and population modelling, I examined the viability of two island sooty shearwater populations in the Marlborough Sounds and their resilience to resumed, low-level harvest. The biology of the sooty shearwater populations was found to closely resemble that of populations found at higher latitudes. Historic harvest by Marlborough Maori probably had an important influence on the size of present day Marlborough populations. Viability models demonstrated that these populations were experiencing very low or negative intrinsic rates of increase. Population sizes have likely been affected by previous harvest and are not at carrying capacity. The populations are therefore vulnerable to demographic stochasticity, environmental variability and extrinsic factors such as fisheries bycatch. The low and negative growth rates for populations at small sizes not at carrying capacity are of concern where harvesting is proposed. This study provides a basis for ongoing research into the population trajectories of each island population. Harvesting is possible in one population provided an appropriate monitoring regime is established prior to harvest being undertaken, to ensure the long-term viability of Marlborough Sounds' sooty shearwater populations.
Structural analysis of the Spike of the Omicron SARS-COV-2 variant by Cryo-EM and implications for immune evasion

The Omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-COV-2 was reported on November 24, 2021 and declared a variant of concern a couple of days later.1,2 With its constellation of mutations acquired by this variant on its Spike glycoprotein and the speed at which this new variant has replaced the previously dominant variant Delta in South Africa and the United Kingdom, it is crucial to have atomic structural insights to reveal the mechanism of its rapid proliferation. Here we present a high-resolution cryo-EM structure of the Spike protein of the Omicron variant.
On the covariability of seasonal temperature and precipitation in Spain, 1956–2005

In this work, the covariability between the standardized anomalies of seasonal mean temperature and total rainfall in four Spanish sites during the periods 1956–1980 and 1981–2005 is analysed. Original data are standardized using the reference period 1971–2000. Using the hypothesis of bivariate normal distribution, the climate states corresponding to each period may be characterized by the confidence ellipses at the 95% confidence level. Movements of the ellipses indicate changes in the vector mean (translations), changes in the sign of the correlation coefficient (rotations) and in the variance–covariance matrix (deformations). Significance of these changes is assessed by Hotelling's, difference between correlation coefficients, and Barlett's tests, respectively. Results indicate a general translation towards higher (lower) mean temperature (precipitation) in the second period. Significant changes in the variance–covariance matrix did not show a clear pattern. Future developments of this methodology are outlined.
Constant slip rate during the late Quaternary along the Sulu He segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault near Changma, Gansu, China

The question of whether millennial‐scale geological slip rates are consistent with decade‐scale geodetic slip rates is of great importance in evaluating the nature of continental deformation within the Tibetan Plateau. We determined the time‐averaged slip rate of the Sulu He segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault, near Changma in Gansu Province, China, based on geomorphic analysis, remote sensing data, and cosmogenic 10Be surface‐exposure age dating. Quaternary alluvial fan deposits in the study area (Qf1, Qf2, Qf3) are displaced by left‐lateral movement along the Altyn Tagh Fault. Because of the large accumulated displacement of these fans, some of them have become disconnected from the fan apexes that are directly linked to the debris‐source areas in the piedmont of the Qilian Shan to the south. The total minimum offsets are estimated to be about 429 ± 41 m for Qf1, about 130 ± 10 m for Qf2, and 32 ± 1 m for Qf3. The 10Be surface‐exposure ages obtained for Qf1 and Qf2 are 100–112 ka and 31–43 ka, respectively. Accordingly, the slip rate since the period of Qf1 and Qf2 depositions is calculated to have been about 3.7 mm/yr.
The Impact of Spatialized Communications on Team Navigation

A team navigation task allowed the evaluation of spatialized communications to help ground soldiers maintain awareness of each other’s locations in complex environments. Subjects had to rendezvous as quickly as possible from unknown starting locations in large, unfamiliar, urban virtual environments. Traditional monaural and 3D audio communication channels were compared. In the 3D audio condition, talkers could make their communications sound like they arose from their own location or from the location of another object in the environment (audio annotation). Some conditions included additional prominent landmarks. Rendezvous times were significantly shorter in the 3D audio condition, but the presence or absence of additional landmarks did not impact performance. The results are compared to previous research on spatialized auditory displays and on team navigation.
Earth System Governance: People, Places, and the Planet

This science plan elaborates upon the concept of Earth system governance, defined as the interrelated systems of formal and informal rules and actor-networks that are set up to steer societies towards preventing, mitigating, and adapting to environmental change within the normative context of sustainable development. The notion of governance here refers to a less hierarchical and more decentralized system than traditional governmental policy-making, inclusive of non-state actors such as non-governmental organizations, indigenous communities, and international organizations.
Prospective memory and working memory: A hierarchical modeling approach

Prospective memory (PM), remembering to perform an action in the future, is an important ability in everyday life. It involves a prospective component, remembering that you have to do something, and a retrospective component, remembering what action to perform and when to perform it. Researchers have pointed to a role of cognitive factors, such as individual differences in working memory (WM), in determining PM performance. Previous studies have found a positive relationship between WM span and PM (e.g., R.E. Smith, Persyn, & Butler, 2011). The goal of the present study is to apply a hierarchical modeling approach to investigate how WM is related to the prospective and retrospective components of PM.
Evidence for 3650–3600 Ma assembly of the northern end of the Itsaq Gneiss Complex, Greenland: Implication for early Archaean tectonics

The world's most extensive, well preserved, early Archaean (>3500 Ma) structures occur in the northern end of the 3850–3560 Ma Itsaq Gneiss Complex, southern west Greenland, an area which includes the 3800–3700 Ma Isua supracrustal belt. These provide a unique opportunity to study early tectonics. The area is dominated by ∼3800–3650 Ma orthogneisses containing migmatized inclusions of ≥3800 Ma metavolcanic, sedimentary, ultramafic, and gabbroic rocks. The thickest and most extensive of these inclusions forms the southern side of the Isua supracrustal belt. Also present are panels of less migmatized 3710–3690 Ma volcanic and sedimentary rocks, in the northern side of the Isua supracrustal belt, and probably also in the Tussaap supracrustal belt in the south of the area. Combined mapping and geochronology has identified mylonites which were active before regional early Archaean folding and 3580–3560 Ma metamorphism. Sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe dating of premylonitization, synmylonitization, and postmylonitization granite sheets indicates some mylonites were active between 3650 and 3600 Ma. During this period it is proposed that large horizontal motions and interleaving occurred, results of which included juxtaposition of supracrustal sequences in the Isua supracrustal belt with different depositional ages. The tectonic interleaving was most likely due to horizontal motions in the vicinity of plate margins. The new combined field observations and geochronology support hypotheses that some form of plate tectonics at least contributed to early Archaean sialic crustal development.
HIV Type 1-Mediated Downregulation of HLA-B*57/B*5801 Proteins on Elite Suppressor CD4 þ T Cells

Elite controllers or suppressors (ES) are HIV-1-infected patients who maintain viral loads of < 50 copies/ml without antiretroviral therapy. While HLA-B*57 and B*5801 alleles are overrepresented in ES, many HLA-B*57/ B*5801 patients become chronic progressors (CP). We show here that HIV-1 infection results in similar levels of downregulation of HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*5801 molecules on primary CD4 þ T cells from ES and CP. Thus, differences in HIV-1-mediated downregulation of HLA-B*57/B*5801 molecules do not distinguish ES from CP. A small subset of HIV-1 infected patients is able to control viral replication without antiretroviral therapy. These patients are known as elite controllers, HIV controllers, or elite suppressors (ES). 1 Replication-competent virus has been isolated from some ES suggesting that host factors rather than defective virus are responsible for the elite suppression of HIV-1 replication. 2,3 Thus, ES may provide insight into the mechanisms involved in the immune control of viral replication. The HLA-B*57 and the closely related HLA-B*58-01 alleles are overrepresented in ES. 1,4 These class I molecules are thought to be involved in the presentation of immuno-dominant epitopes to HIV-1-speciﬁc CD8 þ T cells. Many studies have shown that HIV-speciﬁc CD8 þ T cell responses from ES are functionally superior to those from CP. 5–8 Studies that have speciﬁcally compared HLA-B*57 ES to HLA-B*57 CP have shown that CD8 þ T cells from ES are more likely to focus on HLA-B*57-restricted Gag epitopes 4 and are more likely to proliferate in response to HIV-1-infected autologous CD4 þ
Du bleu au vert, quand l’île tente de tourner le dos à la mer. L’introduction du paysage végétal dans les images de destination

L’objectif de cette communication est d’analyser les modalites de l’introduction du paysage vegetal dans les images de destination a l’usage des espaces insulaires tropicaux. A partir des exemples de communications et d’amenagements realises aux Seychelles, a Maurice et a La Reunion, nous proposons une reflexion sur l‘interet et les consequences qu’implique l’investissement du paysage « vert » pour les economies insulaires dont le developpement fait une part importante a l’activite touristique. Quels enseignements, les experiences india-oceaniques peuvent-elles apporter au contexte de la Caraibe et des Guyanes et reciproquement?
RECOVERY PHASE OF THE SUPERSTRONG MAGNETIC STORM OF JULY 15-17, 2007 (BASTILLE DAY EVENT): ULF PULSATIONS

The geomagnetic data, collected from the global network of ground-based stations, have been analyzed. It was shown that the recovery phase of this superstrong magnetic storm was developed under Bz IMF >0 and accompanied by the substorm activity, which abruptly shifted to the polar latitudes. The intense Pc5 range geomagnetic pulsations were observed in the morning sector of auroral latitudes with amplitude spectra maxima at 1-2 and 3-4 mHz, coincided with the spectra of variations in the solar wind dynamic pressure. The 1-2 mHz waves were observed at Ф > 62o, but 3-4 mHz - at Ф < 62o. The Pc5 pulsations exhibited the characteristic features of the field line resonances (FLR), however they were observed at much lower latitudes than normal, suggesting a significant reduction of the local FRL. It has been established that the generation of 3-4 mHz Pc5 pulsations was spatially asymmetric about the noon. In the morning sector the intense Pc5 pulsations were observed at the auroral latitudes, but in the afternoon sector - at the subauroral and middle latitudes. The cause of this asymmetry remains unknown.
Pressure driven magnetic order in Sr1−xCaxCo2P2

Pressure driven magnetic order in Sr1−xCaxCo2P2 Ola Kenji Forslund, ∗ Daniel Andreica, Yasmine Sassa, Masaki Imai, Chishiro Michioka, Kazuyoshi Yoshimura, Zurab Guguchia, Zurab Shermadini, Rustem Khasanov, Jun Sugiyama, and Martin Månsson † Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan (Dated: November 24, 2021)
Shear strength and stress-strain behaviour of Athabasca oil sand at elevated temperatures and pressures

The results of a series of triaxial compression tests on undisturbed samples of Athabasca oil sand at elevated temperatures ranging from 20 to 200 °C are summarized. The material tested had experienced gradual unloading and depressurization as a result of erosion in the Saline Creek valley near Fort McMurray. More deeply buried oil sands are known to contain much higher concentrations of dissolved hydrocarbon gases in the pore fluids. The measured shear strength of Athabasca oil sand did not change significantly as a result of the increased temperatures that were applied. The strength of Athabasca oil sand (at 20–200 °C) was found to be greater than comparable shear strengths reported for dense Ottawa sand (at 20 °C). Although heating to 200 °C had little effect on shear strength, it is recognized that pore pressure generation during undrained heating may cause substantial reduction of the available shearing resistance, particularly in gas-rich oil sands. The experimental data were used to investigate the.
Markers of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Lung Transplant: Between Old Knowledge and Future Perspective

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the most common form of CLAD and is characterized by airflow limitation and an obstructive spirometric pattern without high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) evidence of parenchymal opacities. Computed tomography and microCT analysis show abundant small airway obstruction, starting from the fifth generation of airway branching and affecting up to 40–70% of airways. The pathogenesis of BOS remains unclear. It is a multifactorial syndrome that leads to pathological tissue changes and clinical manifestations. Because BOS is associated with the worst long-term survival in LTx patients, many studies are focused on the early identification of BOS. Markers may be useful for diagnosis and for understanding the molecular and immunological mechanisms involved in the onset of BOS. Diagnostic and predictive markers of BOS have also been investigated in various biological materials, such as blood, BAL, lung tissue and extracellular vesicles. The aim of this review was to evaluate the scientific literature on markers of BOS after lung transplant. We performed a systematic review to find all available data on potential prognostic and diagnostic markers of BOS.