Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REEXAMINING THE LOGIC-LIKING EFFECT 1 Are Logical Intuitions Only Make-Believe ? 1 Reexamining the Logic-Liking Effect

32 An ongoing debate in the literature on human reasoning concerns whether or not the 33 logical status (valid vs. invalid) of an argument can be intuitively detected. The finding 34 that conclusions of logically valid inferences are liked more compared to conclusions of 35 logically invalid ones – called the logic-liking effect – is one of the most prominent pieces of 36 evidence in support of this notion. Trippas et al. (2016) found this logic-liking effect for 37 different kinds of inferences, including conditional and categorical syllogisms. However, all 38 invalid conclusions presented by Trippas et al. (2016) were also impossible given the 39 premises and had a particular structure of surface features – that is, an incongruent 40 atmosphere. We present new data from five preregistered experiments in which we 41 replicate the effect reported by Trippas et al. (2016) for conditional and categorical 42 syllogisms, but show that this effect is eliminated when controlling for confounds in surface 43 features. Moreover, we present evidence that there is a demand effect at play, which 44 suggests that people are deliberately considering atmosphere cues of an argument to inform 45 their liking ratings. Taken together, the findings of the present study cast doubt on the 46 existence of logical intuitions. 47
Genetic and Functional Interactions between the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Proteins Tom6 and Sam37 (cid:1)

The TOM complex is the general mitochondrial entry site for newly synthesized proteins. Precursors of (cid:1) -barrel proteins initially follow this common pathway and are then relayed to the SAM/TOB complex, which mediates their integration into the outer membrane. Three proteins, Sam50 (Tob55), Sam35 (Tob38/Tom38), and Sam37 (Mas37), have been identiﬁed as the core constituents of the latter complex. Sam37 is essential for growth at elevated temperatures, but the function of the protein is currently unresolved. To identify interacting partners of Sam37 and thus shed light on its function, we screened for multicopy suppressors of sam37 (cid:2) . We identiﬁed the small subunit of the TOM complex, Tom6, as such a suppressor and found a tight genetic interaction between the two proteins. Overexpression of SAM37 suppresses the growth phenotype of tom6 (cid:2) , and cells lacking both genes are not viable. The ability of large amounts of Tom6 to suppress the sam37 (cid:2) phenotype can be linked to the capacity of Tom6 to stabilize Tom40, an essential (cid:1) -barrel protein which is the central component of the TOM complex. Our results suggest that Sam37 is required for growth at higher temperatures, since it enhances the biogenesis of Tom40, and this requirement can be overruled by improved stability of newly synthesized Tom40 molecules.
Is Attention Produced Optimally? Theory and Evidence From Experiments With Bandwidth Enhancements

This paper develops and deploys a methodology for testing whether people correctly value tools that reduce attention costs. We call these tools bandwidth enhancements (BEs) and characterize how demand for BEs varies with the pecuniary incentives to be attentive, under the null hypothesis of correct perceptions and optimal choice. We examine if the theoretical optimality conditions are satisfied in three experiments. The first is a field experiment ( n = 1373) with an online education platform, in which we randomize incentives to complete course modules and incentives to utilize a plan‐making tool to complete the modules. In the second experiment ( n = 2306), participants must complete a survey in the future. We randomize survey‐completion incentives and how long participants must wait to complete the survey, and we elicit willingness to pay for reminders. The third experiment ( n = 1465) involves a psychometric task in which participants must identify whether there are more correct or incorrect mathematical equations in an image. We vary incentives for accuracy, elicit willingness to pay to reduce task difficulty, and examine the impact of learning and feedback. In all experiments, demand for reducing attention costs increases as incentives for accurate task completion increase. However, in all experiments—and across all conditions—our tests imply that this increase in demand is too small relative to the null of correct perceptions. These results suggest that people may be uncertain or systematically biased about their attention cost functions, and that experience and feedback do not necessarily eliminate bias.
PGC-1 (cid:1) overexpression exacerbates (cid:2) -amyloid and tau deposition in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (cid:3) coactivator 1- (cid:1) (PGC-1 (cid:1) ) interacts with various transcription factors involved in energy metabolism and in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1 (cid:1) mRNA levels are reduced in a number of neurodegenerative diseases and contribute to disease pathogenesis, since increased levels ameliorate behavioral defects and neuropathology of Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral scle-rosis. PGC-1 (cid:1) and its downstream targets are reduced both in postmortem brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and in transgenic mouse models of AD. Therefore, we investigated whether increased expression of PGC-1 (cid:1) would exert beneﬁcial effects in the Tg19959 transgenic mouse model of AD; Tg19959 mice express the human amyloid precursor gene (APP) with 2 familial AD mutations and develop increased (cid:2) -amyloid levels, plaque deposition, and memory deﬁcits by 2–3 mo of age. Rather than an improvement, the cross of the Tg19959 mice with mice overexpressing human PGC-1 (cid:1) exacerbated amyloid and tau accumulation. This was accompanied by an impairment of proteasome activity. PGC-1 (cid:1) overexpression induced mitochondrial abnormalities, neuronal cell death, and an exacerbation of behavioral hyperactivity in the Tg19959 mice. These ﬁndings show that PGC-1 (cid:1) overexpression exacerbates the neuropathological and behavioral deﬁcits that occur in transgenic mice with mutations in APP that are associated with human AD. —Dumont, M. , C. , Jainuddin, S. , M. , PGC-1 (cid:1) overexpression exacerbates (cid:2) -amyloid and tau deposition in a transgenic mouse model Alzheimer’s
Monitoring Stock Market Returns: A Stochastic Approach

Financial analysis plays a major role in investing the disposable income of various economic agents. Stock markets are predominantly made up of small investors with limited information and low capabilities for a suitable analysis. Researchers, as well as practitioners, are divided over the findings on the adequacy of technical analysis in investing. This paper examines the Markov chain process in the stock market to discover the essential links and probabilities for the stocks’ transition through three states of stagnation, growth, and decline (i.e., stagnant, bull, and bear markets). The subject of analysis is a randomly selected portfolio of 20 shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The data suggest that the portfolio relatively quickly, in four trading days, achieves equilibrium probabilities that allow a certain amount of predictability of future movements. At the same time, when analyzing the expected time intervals for the first transition, we found that the portfolio returns to a state of growth much faster than a decline. In addition, the results negate the basic habits of frequent trading, herding, and taking a short position in events of negative price fluctuations. Our research contributes towards observing regularities and stock market efficiency with a clear goal of improving expectations and technical analysis for small individual investors.
Early Exposure to Environment Sounds and the Development of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials of Preterm Infants During the First Three Months of Life CURRENT STATUS:

Objective Prenatal experience influences the course of development of sensory pathways. Preterm infants are exposed earlier than their term counterparts to unattenuated sounds from the external environment during the sensitive period of organization of auditory cortical circuitry. In the current study, we evaluated how gestational age (GA) correlates with the latency of the P1 component of the cortical auditory evoked potential of two experimental groups measured at one or three months of age. Our sample consisted of 23 infants delivered at GA ranging from 31.28-41.42 weeks and separated into two groups evaluated transversally at one or three months of corrected age (CA). Results In the group evaluated at one-month CA, the latency of the component P1 was similar in both term and late-preterm infants (GA>32 weeks). However, in the group evaluated at three months CA, P1 latency was significant smaller in preterms. These preliminary results suggest an acceleration of the development of auditory cortical pathways in preterms, probably due to their early exposure to socially relevant auditory stimuli from the external environment. CAEP components. In the present study, only the extrinsic variables (environmental exposure) were considered.
ORIGINAL HIF-1 a Deletion in the Endothelium, but Not in the Epithelium, Protects From Radiation-Induced Enteritis

This study examines the cell type – speci ﬁ c impact of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 a activation in disease. The authors show that endothelial hypoxia-inducible factor-1 a deletion confers resistance to radiation-induced enteritis, but similar deletion in intestinal epithelium does not. These results suggest new functions of endothelial hypoxia-inducible factor-1 a -signaling pathways as mediators of mucosal in ﬂ ammatory processes. BACKGROUND with side effects that the quality of life of cancer Interestingly, the tract is able to adapt to signi ﬁ cant changes in availability, suggesting that mechanisms related to hypoxia sensing help preserve tissue integrity in this However, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent responses to radiation-induced gut toxicity are unknown. Radiation-induced intestinal toxicity is a complex process involving multiple cellular compartments. Here, we investigated whether epithelial or endothelial tissue-speci ﬁ c HIF-1 a deletion could affect acute intestinal response to radiation. METHODS: Using constitutive and inducible epithelial or endothelial tissue-speci ﬁ c HIF-1 a deletion, we evaluated the consequences of epithelial or endothelial HIF-1 a deletion on radiation-induced enteritis after localized irradiation. Survival, radiation-induced tissue injury, molecular in ﬂ ammatory pro ﬁ le, tissue hypoxia, and vascular injury were monitored. RESULTS: Surprisingly, epithelium-speci ﬁ c HIF-1 a deletion does not alter radiation-induced intestinal injury. However, irradiated VECad-Cre þ /- HIF-1 a FL/FL mice present with lower radiation-induced damage, showed a preserved vasculature, reduced hypoxia, and reduced proin ﬂ ammatory response compared with irradiated HIF-1 a FL/FL mice. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate in vivo that HIF-1 a impacts radiation-induced enteritis and that this role differs according to the targeted cell type. Our work provides a new role for HIF-1 a and endothelium-dependent mechanisms driving in ﬂ ammatory processes in gut mucosae. Results presented show that effects on normal tissues have to be taken into account in approaches aiming to modulate hypoxia or hypoxia-related molecular mechanisms. (Cell Mol Gastroenterol primers CAAGCCTGGCTCGACGGCC (forward) and CGCGAA-CATCTTCAGGTTCT (reverse) were used to detect a 300-bp product for the Cre transgene allele in both Villin-Cre and Villin-CreER T2 mice. Presence or absence of the ROSA26 fragment was determined using 3 primers: R1: 5 ’ -AAAGTCGCTCTGAGTTGTTAT -3 ’ forward, R2: 5 ’ - GCGAA-GAGTTTGTCCTCAACC-3 ’ reverse, and R3: 5 ’ -GGAGCGGGA-GAAATGGATATG -3 ’ reverse. R1 and R2 detected the ROSA26 (603 (therefore absence of fragment) (340 bp).
Restriction of Feline Immunodeﬁciency Virus by Ref1, Lv1, and Primate TRIM5 (cid:2) Proteins

The Ref1 and Lv1 postentry restrictions in human and monkey cells have been analyzed for lentiviruses in the primate and ungulate groups, but no data exist for the third (feline) group. We compared feline immunodeﬁciency virus (FIV) to other restricted (human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 [HIV-1], equine infectious anemia virus [EIAV]) and unrestricted (NB-tropic murine leukemia virus [NB-MLV]) retroviruses across wide ranges of viral inputs in cells from multiple primate and nonprimate species. We also characterized restric- tions conferred to permissive feline and canine cells engineered to express rhesus and human TRIM5 (cid:1) proteins and performed RNA interference (RNAi) against endogenous TRIM5 (cid:1) . We ﬁnd that expression of rhesus or human TRIM5 (cid:1) proteins in feline cells restricts FIV, impairing pseudotyped vector transduction and viral replication, but rhesus TRIM5 (cid:1) is more restricting than human TRIM5 (cid:1) . Notably, however, canine cells did not support restriction by human TRIM5 (cid:1) and supported minimal restriction by rhesus TRIM5 (cid:1) , suggesting that these proteins may not function autonomously or that a canine factor interferes. Stable RNAi
GPs’ treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections—a clinical judgement analysis in four European countries the

to recommendations for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) is common, but the reasons are not sufficiently understood. Objectives. We aimed to assess and compare the influence of specific patient characteristics on GPs’ treatment decisions for UTI in four European countries. Methods. GPs in The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Germany were presented 18–26 case vignettes of UTI. Linear regression models were used to determine which patient characteristics predicted non-optimal decisions. Results. Adherence to national recommendations varied both within and between countries, but there were remarkable similarities in the case characteristics predicting non-optimal decisions: a history of UTI and the patient’s age were strongly related to prescription of second-choice antibiotics and longer treatment courses. Conclusion. In all countries many GPs were reluctant to follow the recommendations in UTI cases that they might perceive as being more complicated.
IMPACT OF PATIENT COUNSELLING ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Aim &Objective : Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (Type II DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in India and the cornerstone of its care is to educate the patients about self-management. The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) and medication adherence (MA) and to determine the impact of patient counsellingby clinical pharmacist in the management ofType II DM patients. Methods: A randomised prospective interventional study was carried out in 60 patients of M.S. Ramaiah hospitals. The patients were divided into control and intervention groups. Baseline Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) levels, KAP and MA scores of all the patients were collected. Extensive counselling was done by clinical pharmacist and patient information leaflets (PIL) were given to intervention group during the study. A follow up was conducted after 1 month at the time of which the above parameters were reassessed for all the patients. Results: The mean baseline KAP and MA scores and FBS levels were 10.79±4.46, 8.43±2.50, 6.50±2.50 and 1.75±2.04 and 166.96± 54.66 mg/dl respectively for the intervention group and 12.07 ± 3.80, 8.96 ± 2.10, 7.33± 2.33 and 1.15±1.46 and 148.7±52.20 mg/dl for the control group respectively which improved to 15.54±2.78, 9.54±1.73, 8.21±1.44 and 0.93±1.08 and 135.39± 53.09 mg/dl for the intervention group after counselling (p < 0.05). Interpretation & Conclusion: The current study revealed improvements in KAP and MA scores as well as FBS levels in the intervention group indicating that clinical pharmacist provided counselling plays a vital role in the management of Type II DM patients.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Sensation-seeking hedge funds

Using a novel dataset of hedge fund manager automobile purchases, we show that, motivated by sensation seeking, hedge fund managers often take risk for personal and non-pecuniary reasons. In line with the sensation seeking view, managers who own powerful sports cars take on more investment risk but do not deliver higher returns, resulting in lower Sharpe ratios. Moreover, funds managed by performance car owners exhibit higher operational risk and are more likely to fail. Performance car owners demonstrate other attributes associated with sensation seeking, such as a preference for lottery-like stocks, unconventional strategies, and active trading. We have beneﬁtted from helpful conversations with Malcolm Baker, Matthew Cain, Darwin Choi, Jennifer Conrad, Elroy Dimson, Rich Evans, Ken Froot, Wes Gray, Marty Gruber, Danling Jiang, Matti Keloharju, Min Kim, Marc Lipson, Deborah Lucas, David Nawrocki, Richard Roll, Steve Satchell, Bill Sharpe, Andrei Shleifer, Rob Stambaugh, Laura Starks, Jeremy Stein, Neng Wang, In-grid Werner, Tina Yang, and Jingjing Zhang as well as seminar participants at the Singapore Management University, Massey University, Nanyang Technological University, University of Sydney, Deakin University, Chinese University of Hong Kong, the 2017 Monash University Q Group Colloquium, the University of Mel-bourne 2017 Financial Institutions, Regulation, and Corporate Governance conference, the 2017 Mid-Atlantic Research Conference in Finance, and the 2017 World Investment Forum. Korey Adkins, Nick Derobertis, Antonia Kirilova, and Charles Lowell IV provided excellent research assistance. We are also indebted
Impact of anxiety and depression symptoms on perceived self-effi cacy in nursing students

Objective: To identify the relationship between perceived self-effi cacy and self-esteem and the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms in students at the beginning of the undergraduate nursing course. Methods: Cross-sectional study developed in two public Higher Education Institutions. The sample consisted of 82 participants. Three validated instruments were used to measure the variables: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, General Self-Effi cacy Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: Most students showed anxious symptoms (73.2%) and moderate levels of self-esteem que, em médio e longo prazos, poderão propiciar enfermeiros mais saudáveis, satisfeitos e que proporcionarão a seus clientes uma assistência competente e segura.
Modelling sapling distribution over time using a functional predictor in a generalized additive model

The effect of adult trees on sapling density distribution during the regeneration fellings is determined in a Abstract 15 Context: Spatial pattern of adult trees determines the number of new individuals after regeneration fellings, 16 which modify the light and air temperature under tree canopy. 17 Aims: We proposed a novel spatio-temporal model with a functional predictor in a generalized additive 18 model framework to describe non linear relationships between the size of the adult trees and the number of 19 saplings of Pinus sylvestris and to determine if the spatial pattern of the number of saplings remained 20 constant or changed in time. 21 Methods: In 2001, two plots (0.5 ha) were set up in two phases of regeneration fellings under the group 22 shelterwood method. We mapped the trees and saplings and measured their diameter and height. The 23 inventories were repeated in 2006, 2010 and 2014. 24 Results: We found a negative association between the diameter of adult trees and number of saplings up to 25 7 – 8 m. Beyond these distances, the diameter of adult trees was not associated with the number of saplings. 26 Our results indicate that the spatial pattern of the number of saplings remained quite constant in time. 27 Conclusions: The generalised additive models are a flexible tool to determine the distance range of 28 inhibition of saplings by adult trees.
Istanbul Management Journal The Effect of Job Insecurity on Job Performance During The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Role of Employee Resilience

In recent months, the devastating effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on humanity in 2020 and 2021 have frequently been discussed in academic circles. We conducted this study to measure the perceived job insecurity, resilience, and task performance of employees during the pandemic period. The sample group of the study comprises employees. First, we designed the questionnaire form. We used the convenience sampling method with the help of the online method. The data obtained from 453 employees who agreed to take part in the study made up the sample group. We analyzed the collected data with the quantitative research method. As an analysis method, we used “descriptive statistics, direct and mediated regression, and independent sample t-test”. In the light of the analysis, it was determined that the level of perceived job insecurity of the employees is medium, and the level of psychological resilience and task performance is high. In addition, we concluded that psychological resilience affects task performance positively and significantly. It was determined that perceived job insecurity is higher for women than for men. Business owners and managers supporting their employees psychologically and financially are helping to ease the painful effects of the pandemic.
Simulation and Fabrication of a Photonic Crystal Transmission Filter for Biosensing Applications

Photonic crystals are artificial materials with periodicity in the dielectric function on the sub-micron scale. They can exhibit extraordinary light confining properties superior to other known materials, making them attractive for photonic devices. Among many potential applications, the use of photonic crystals as biosensors in clinical settings has drawn significant attention lately. In this work, photonic crystal structures are designed and simulated in two and three dimensions. The photonic crystal structure used as a basis is a hexagonal pattern of cylindrical air holes in a silicon slab. Different designs of cavity transmission filters are investigated, and the application of these filters as biosensors is investigated through simulations. Based on the simulation results, devices are fabricated with relevant nanofabrication techniques. The fabrication process of photonic devices is further optimized. For the first time at NTNU, functioning photonic crystal transmission filters are fabricated, with quality factors of around 103, which is of similar order as the highest reported values for similar structures. Through simulations, the application of a biolayer to the photonic crystal surface is found to give a shift in resonance frequency that is of sufficient magnitude to be detected. Further work could be done to improve the performance of the sensors, but the findings in this thesis support the belief in photonic crystals, and particularly transmission filters, as a promising platform for biosensing applications.