Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-nucleon S-wave interactions at the $SU(3)$ flavor-symmetric point with $m_{ud}\simeq m_s^{\rm phys}$: a first lattice QCD calculation with the stochastic Laplacian Heaviside method

Ben Hörz, Dean Howarth, 1 Enrico Rinaldi, 4 Andrew Hanlon, Chia Cheng Chang (張家丞), 6, 1 Christopher Körber, 6, 1 Evan Berkowitz, John Bulava, M.A. Clark, Wayne Tai Lee, Colin Morningstar, Amy Nicholson, 1 Pavlos Vranas, 1 and André Walker-Loud 6, 2 Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA Arithmer Inc., R&D Headquarters, Minato, Tokyo 106-6040, Japan RIKEN iTHEMS, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA CP-Origins & Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark NVIDIA Corporation, 2701 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3255, USA (Dated: September 25, 2020 0:31)
Inhibition of Influenza A and B Viruses by 2′-Deoxy-2′-Fluororibosides

A series of 2′-deoxy-2′-fluororibosides were evaluated for anti-influenza activity in cell culture and in the mouse pneumonia model. Many were found to be potent inhibitors of Influenza A, in chick embryo fibroblast cells (IC50's 0.1–2.9 μM), and in reducing mouse lung virus titres (1–3 log10 units). Purine analogues proved the most effective, but their activity was an order of magnitude higher in MDCK cells. Anti-influenza activity correlated with intracellular triphosphate levels and with substrate specificity of 2′-deoxycytidine kinase. 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroguanosine selected for further study was active against all influenza A and B strains tested, including one clinical isolate which proved extremely sensitive when assayed in human tracheal cultures. In vivo, 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroguanosine (2′-fluorodGuo) was significantly more effective than amantadine or ribavirin in reducing mouse lung virus titre when treatment commenced after infection.
Trend analysis of climatic variables in the Indian subcontinent

The objective of this study is to detect and assess the significant trend in the spatial and temporal variations in the climatic variables in India and to identify the most vulnerable locations to climate change in India. For that purpose, trend analysis of various climatic variables such as monthly mean temperature, surface pressure, relative humidity was conducted for the Indian subcontinent. Gridded data at 2.5° resolution obtained from National Centre for Environmental Prediction / National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data 1 is used due to its wide acceptability and easy availability. Also, widely used trend analysis methods, viz., Mann-Kendall test, Sen’s estimator method and linear regression were used to detect and quantify the significant trend. Results revealed that southern India is more vulnerable to climate change due to the significant increase in temperature and significant decrease in relative humidity. Surface pressure is increasing throughout India and the increase is statistically significant. The results will be very useful for policy makers for providing proper mitigation plans.
Chiral vortical effect for vector fields

We consider photonic vortical effect, i.e. the difference of the flows of left- and right-handed photons along the vector of angular velocity in rotating photonic medium. Two alternative frameworks to evaluate the effect are considered, both of which have already been tried in the literature. First, the standard thermal fied theory and, alternatively, Hawking-radiation-type derivation. In our earlier attempt to compare the two approaches, we found a crucial factor of two difference. Here we revisit the problem, paying more attention to details of infrared regularizations. We find out that introduction of an infinitesimal mass of the vector field brings the two ways of evaluating the chiral vortical effect into agreement with each other. Some implications, both on the theoretical and phenomenological sides, are mentioned.
Variations in seed micromorphology of Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae)

Abstract The micromorphology of a seed is linked to its dispersal and germination, but evolutionary and ecological aspects in Orchidaceae remain unclear. We investigated the seed characters of Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium that might be associated with life form and involved in possible ecological adaptations. A phylogenetic comparative analysis of nine seed micromorphological characters was performed in 24 species from two genera with close phylogenetic relationships but significant differences in their ecological characteristics. Species within Paphiopedilum had larger embryos and a smaller percentage of air space (AS) than those of Cypripedium species. Compared with 16 terrestrial species, two epiphytic Paphiopedilum species had larger embryos and smaller AS. Those larger embryos might ensure more successful seedling establishment while the higher amount of air space in both terrestrial Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium may increase seed buoyancy and enable them to disperse over longer distances. Whereas AS and seed length (SL) are phylogenetically conservative, most other characters examined here had weak signals, indicating clear convergent evolution. Across species, SL was positively correlated with AS, indicating a high degree of seed size–dispersal coordination. These findings may imply a trade-off of seed characters in relation to the possible ecological adaptations required for seedling establishment versus dispersal.
Constraining dark matter properties with the first generation of stars

Dark Matter (DM) can be trapped by the gravitational field of any star, since collisions with nuclei in dense environments can slow down the DM particle below the escape velocity ($v_{esc}$) at the surface of the star. If captured, the DM particles can self annihilate, and, therefore, provide a new source of energy for the star. We investigate this phenomenon for capture of DM particles with mass ($m_X$) heavier than $100$ GeV by the first generation of stars (Pop III stars), by using the recently developed multiscatter capture formalism. Pop III stars are particularly good DM captors, since they form in DM rich environments, at the center of $~\sim 10^6 M_\odot$ DM minihalos, at redshifts $z~\sim 15$. Assuming a DM-proton scattering cross section ($\sigma)$ at the deepest current exclusion limits provided by the XENON1T experiment, we find that captured DM annihilations at the core of Pop III stars can lead, via the Eddington limit, to upperbounds in stellar masses that can be as low as a few $M_\odot$ if the ambient DM density ($\rho_X$) at the location of the Pop III star is sufficiently high. Conversely, when Pop III stars are identified, one can use their observed mass ($M_\star$) to place bounds on $\rho_X \sigma$. Using adiabatic contraction to estimate the ambient DM density in the environment surrounding Pop III stars, we place projected upper limits on $\sigma$, for $M_\star$ in the $100-1000 M_\odot$ range, and find bounds that are competitive with, or deeper than, those provided by the most sensitive current direct detection experiments. Most intriguingly, we find that each of the Pop III stars considered could be used to probe below the "neutrino floor," and identify the corresponding necessary ambient DM density.
The impact of episodic outflow feedback on stellar multiplicity and the star formation efficiency

The accretion of material onto young protostars is accompanied by the launching of outflows. Observations show that accretion, and therefore also outflows, are episodic. However, the effects of episodic outflow feedback on the core-scale are not well understood. We have performed 88 Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic simulations of turbulent dense $1 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ cores, to study the influence of episodic outflow feedback on the stellar multiplicity and the star formation efficiency (SFE). Protostars are represented by sink particles, which use a sub-grid model to capture stellar evolution, inner-disc evolution, episodic accretion and the launching of outflows. By comparing simulations with and without episodic outflow feedback, we show that simulations with outflow feedback reproduce the binary statistics of young stellar populations, including the relative proportions of singles, binaries, triples, etc. and the high incidence of twin binaries with $q\geq 0.95$; simulations without outflow feedback do not. Entrainment factors (the ratio between total outflowing mass and initially ejected mass) are typically $\sim 7\pm 2$, but can be much higher if the total mass of stars formed in a core is low and/or outflow episodes are infrequent. By decreasing both the mean mass of the stars formed and the number of stars formed, outflow feedback reduces the SFE by about a factor of 2 (as compared with simulations that do not include outflow feedback).
Some Influences of Meteorological Factors on Flight Activity of Female Horse Flies (Diptera: Tabanidae)

Adult female horse flies ( Tabanus spp. L.) were collected hourly in modified Malaise traps. Regression analyses of numbers of flies collected and the values of various meteorological factors in the ranges observed indicated which factors influenced activity. From greater to lesser influence, these factors were: barometric pressure, temperature, evaporation and evaporation change per hour, total sky radiation change per hour, total sky radiation and wind velocity change per hour, and relative humidity and temperature change per hour. The influence of these factors upon activity of the 6 most abundant species was also determined. Prediction equations are presented and the traps described.
Electromagnetic bursts from mergers of oscillons in axion-like fields

We investigate the bursts of electromagnetic and scalar radiation resulting from the collision, and merger of oscillons made from axion-like particles using 3+1 dimensional lattice simulations of the coupled axion-gauge field system. The radiation into photons is suppressed before the merger. However, it becomes the dominant source of energy loss after the merger if a resonance condition is satisfied. Conversely, the radiation in scalar waves is dominant during initial merger phase but suppressed after the merger. The backreaction of scalar and electromagnetic radiation is included in our simulations. We evolve the system long enough to see that the resonant photon production extracts a significant fraction of the initial axion energy, and again falls out of the resonance condition. We provide a parametric understanding of the time, and energy scales involved in the process and discuss observational prospects of detecting the electromagnetic signal.
The eccentricity distribution of giant planets and their relation to super-Earths in the pebble accretion scenario

Observations of the population of cold Jupiter planets (r >1 AU) show that nearly all of these planets orbit their host star on eccentric orbits. For planets up to a few Jupiter masses, eccentric orbits are thought to be the outcome of planet–planet scattering events taking place after gas dispersal. We simulated the growth of planets via pebble and gas accretion as well as the migration of multiple planetary embryos in their gas disc. We then followed the long-term dynamical evolution of our formed planetary system up to 100 Myr after gas disc dispersal. We investigated the importance of the initial number of protoplanetary embryos and different damping rates of eccentricity and inclination during the gas phase for the final configuration of our planetary systems. We constrained our model by comparing the final dynamical structure of our simulated planetary systems to that of observed exoplanet systems. Our results show that the initial number of planetary embryos has only a minor impact on the final orbital eccentricity distribution of the giant planets, as long as the damping of eccentricity and inclination is efficient. If the damping is inefficient (slow), systems with a larger initial number of embryos harbour larger average eccentricities. In addition, for slow damping rates, we observe that scattering events are already common during the gas disc phase and that the giant planets that formed in these simulations match the observed giant planet eccentricity distribution best. These simulations also show that massive giant planets (above Jupiter mass) on eccentric orbits are less likely to host inner super-Earths as they get lost during the scattering phase, while systems with less massive giant planets on nearly circular orbits should harbour systems of inner super-Earths. Finally, our simulations predict that giant planets are not single, on average, but they live in multi-planet systems.
The disruption of the low-mass globular cluster E 3

We use {\it Gaia} DR2 photometry and proper motions to search for the hypothetical tidal tails of the Galactic globular cluster E\,3. Using a modified version of a classical decontamination procedure, we are able to identify the presence of an extended structure emerging from the cluster up to $r \sim 1$\,deg from its center, thus suggesting that this poorly studied cluster is undergoing a tidal disruption process. These low surface-brightness structures are aligned with the direction to the Galactic center, as expected for a cluster close to its perigalacticon. Different scenarios to explain the important amount of mass lost by this cluster are discussed.
A test for Heckscher-Ohlin using value-added exports.

Empirical evidence for the Heckscher-Ohlin model has been inconclusive. We test whether the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem with respect to labor and capital find support in value-added trade. Defining labor-capital intensities and endowments as the ratio of hours worked to the nominal capital stock, we find evidence against Heckscher-Ohlin. However, taking the ratio of total factor compensations, and thus accounting for differences in technologies, we find strong support for it. That is, labor-abundant countries tend to export value-added in goods of labor-intensive industries. Moreover, differentiating between broad industries, we find support for nine out of twelve industries.
Monitoring the Morphology of M87* in 2009–2017 with the Event Horizon Telescope

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has recently delivered the first resolved images of M87*, the supermassive black hole in the center of the M87 galaxy. These images were produced using 230 GHz observations performed in 2017 April. Additional observations are required to investigate the persistence of the primary image feature - a ring with azimuthal brightness asymmetry - and to quantify the image variability on event horizon scales. To address this need, we analyze M87* data collected with prototype EHT arrays in 2009, 2011, 2012, and 2013. While these observations do not contain enough information to produce images, they are sufficient to constrain simple geometric models. We develop a modeling approach based on the framework utilized for the 2017 EHT data analysis and validate our procedures using synthetic data. Applying the same approach to the observational data sets, we find the M87* morphology in 2009-2017 to be consistent with a persistent asymmetric ring of ~40 uas diameter. The position angle of the peak intensity varies in time. In particular, we find a significant difference between the position angle measured in 2013 and 2017. These variations are in broad agreement with predictions of a subset of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We show that quantifying the variability across multiple observational epochs has the potential to constrain the physical properties of the source, such as the accretion state or the black hole spin.
Semi-supervised sequence classification through change point detection

Sequential sensor data is generated in a wide variety of real-world applications. A fundamental machine learning challenge involves learning effective classifiers for such sequential data. While deep learning has led to impressive performance gains in recent years within domains such as speech, this has relied on the availability of large datasets of sequences with high-quality labels. In many applications, however, the associated class labels are often extremely limited, with precise labelling/segmentation being too expensive to perform in a high volume. However, large amounts of unlabelled data may still be available. In this paper we propose a novel framework for semi-supervised learning in such contexts. In an unsupervised manner, change-point detection methods can be used to identify instances where classes change within in a sequence. We show that change points provide examples of similar/dissimilar pairs of sequences which, when coupled with class labels, can be used in a semi-supervised classification setting. Pairs from labels and change points are used by a neural network to learn improved representations for classification. We provide extensive synthetic simulations and show that the learned representations are better than those learned through an autoencoder and obtain improved results on simulations and human activity recognition datasets.
Longitudinal Relations Between School Self-concept and Academic Achievement

In self-concept research, there is a dearth of longitudinal studies which examine whether the structure of the two-factor self-concept consisting of competence and affect is stable across time. Using data collected among 608 (male = 294, females = 313, one missing gender information) Chinese secondary students from 7th grade (Mage = 13.41, SD = 1.35) to 9th grade, our study used confirmatory factor analyses to compare the internal structure of separating and conflating competence and affect of the general school self-concept. The structural equation modeling (SEM) was then applied to examine longitudinal relations between competence, affect, and academic achievement. Consistently across the three time points, the two-factor self-concept structure was favored. However, SEM showed that the reciprocal effects were obtained only between competence and achievement from grade 7 to 8 but not from grade 8 to 9 and not between affect and achievement. Such inconsistency could be attributed to the transition from pre-puberty to adolescence. © 2019 Published by Elsevier España, S.L. U. on behalf of Universidad de Paı́s Vasco. Relaciones longitudinales entre el autoconcepto escolar y el rendimiento académico
A two-stage Bayesian multi-model framework for improving
multidimensional drought risk projections over China

Abstract. Understanding future drought risk is a prerequisite for developing climate change adaptation strategies and for enhancing disaster resilience. In this study, we develop multi-model probabilistic projections of multidimensional drought risks under two representative emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) through a copula-based Bayesian framework. An ensemble of five regional climate simulations, including four from the CORDEX East Asia experiment and one from the Providing REgional Climate Impacts for Studies (PRECIS) simulation, is used to project future changes in hydroclimatic regimes over China. A new Bayesian copula approach is introduced to uncover underlying interactions of drought characteristics and associated uncertainties over 10 climate divisions of China. The proposed Bayesian framework explicitly addresses the cascade of uncertainty in high-resolution projections of multidimensional drought risks. Our findings reveal that precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) are projected to increase for most areas of China, while increasing radiative forcing is expected to amplify the increase in PET but does not cause significant changes in the precipitation projection. In addition, the drought duration and severity are projected to substantially increase for most areas of China. The estimated drought risks in China are expected to become more than double under both emission scenarios. The extreme droughts are projected to intensify in terms of frequency and associated risks as the radiative forcing increases.
Fragility-Based Improvement of System Seismic Performance for Long-Span Suspension Bridges

In this study, a procedure is developed to evaluate and improve the seismic performance of long-span suspension bridges based on the performance objectives under the fragility function framework. A common type of suspension bridge in China was utilized in the proposed procedure, considering its approach structures according to earthquake damage experience and fortification criteria. Component-level fragility curves were derived by probabilistic seismic demand models (PSDMs) using a set of nonlinear time-history analyses that incorporated the related uncertainties such as earthquake motions and structural properties. In addition, one step that was covered was to pinpoint the capacity limit states of critical components including bearings, pylons, and columns. The stepwise improved seismic designs were proposed in terms of the component fragility results of the as-built design. Results of the comparison of improved designs showed that the retrofit measure of the suspension span should be selected based on two attributes, i.e., displacement and force, and the restraint system of the approach bridges was a key factor affecting the reasonable damage sequence. Necessarily, from the comparison of different system vulnerability models, the mean values of earthquake intensity of system-level fragility function developed by the composite damage state indices were used to assess the overall seismic performance of the suspension bridge. The results showed that compared to the absolutely serial and serial-parallel assumptions, the defined composite damage indices incorporating the thought of component classification and structural relative importance between the main bridge and approach structures were necessary and were able to derive a good indicator of seismic performance assessment, hence validating the point that the different damage states were dominated by the seismic demands of different structures for the retrofitted bridges.