Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Intelligent Storage Determining Method for Inbound Containers in Container Terminals

ABSTRACT Yang, X. ; Zhao, N. ; Bian, Z. ; Chai, J., and Mi, C. , 2015. An intelligent storage determining method for inbound containers in container terminals. In this paper, the container Stacking Position Determination Problem (SPDP) for inbound containers in the process of vessel loading and unloading activities is discussed, specifically focusing on the storage space allocation problem (SSAP) in container terminals. The process of positioning inbound containers is investigated and analyzed based on an advanced handling strategy, namely assigning quay cranes in their full utilization with the aim of “Full In & Full Out” that is proposed for internal trucks, where intense loading and unloading activities are considered at the same time. A multi-objective integer programming model (MOIPM) is then put forward based on the idea of real-time strategic planning. For the solution, a genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to address the formulated problem. In addition to the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed model, a number of experimental results also verify the robustness of the GA algorithm. The application of the proposed method is able to improve operational efficiency in container terminals and reduce handling costs as well.
The conditions for effective mechanisms of compensation and rewards for environmental services

This is the 7th paper in a series of 9 papers prepared as part of the pan-tropical scoping study of compensation and rewards for environmental services: the conceptual framework (ICRAF Working Paper 32), 5 issue papers (ICRAF Working Papers 36, 37, 38, 39, 40) and 3 workshop reports (ICRAF Working Papers 33, 34, 35). This paper considers the conditions that determine the effectiveness of compensation and reward mechanisms. The paper takes deductive and inductive approaches to addressing the question. A series of 11 hypotheses are derived from theories of institutional change, environmental policy diffusion, and the co-dependence between different types of policy instruments. Eight case studies, all of which were considered at regional workshops on compensation for environmental services, are reviewed in the latter part of the paper. The cases, from Latin America, Africa and Asia, cover a range of environmental services and policy contexts. Overall the results suggest the following conditions to be important in many of the cases: (1) market opportunities and localized scarcity for particular environmental services; (2) international environmental agreements, international organizations, and international networks; (3) government policies and public attitudes toward government environmental responsibility, security of individual and group property rights, and markets; and (4) the strength of the regulatory regime affecting the environment.
Desarrollo de modelos epidemiológicos para el análisis del riesgo de entrada de los virus de influenza aviar altamente patógena y la enfermedad de Newcastle en España

El sector avicola espanol se encuentra entre los tres mas importantes de la Union Europea (UE). Este sector genera a la economia del pais unos ingresos de 2,73 billones de euros, siendo por tanto una necesidad mantenerlo libre de aquellas enfermedades que puedan debilitarlo. La influenza aviar altamente patogena (IAAP) y la enfermedad de Newcastle (EN) son consideradas las dos enfermedades infecciosas aviares mas devastadoras de cuantas puede sufrir un pais. El analisis de riesgo es la metodologia recomendada por Organizacion Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE) para evaluar el riesgo de entrada de una enfermedad en un pais libre. En este estudio se ha realizado un analisis del riesgo de introduccion del VIAAP y el VEN en Espana con el objetivo de proporcionar herramientas y resultados utiles que ayuden a la prevencion y potencial control de estas enfermedades en Espana. [ABSTRACT]The Spanish poultry sector is considered the third most important of the European Union (EU). This sector results in an estimated income of 2.73 billion of Euros to the country’s economy. Therefore, it is a necessity to keep it free of diseases that may weaken it. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and Newcastle disease (ND) are considered the two most devastating infectious diseases of poultry that a country may suffer. Risk analysis is the methodological approach recommended by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) for assessing the risk of entry of a disease in a free country. In this study, it was developed an analysis of risk for HPAIV and NDV introduction into Spain with the aim of providing useful tools and results that may help to the prevention and potential control of these diseases in Spain.
Investigating the extent to which British Indians draw upon Asian Indian and British Caucasian cultural values in brown good purchase

This dissertation aims to investigate the extent to which British Indians draw upon Asian Indian and British Caucasian cultural values in the purchase of a brown good. Drawing upon previously published research and primary data (including a field trip to India, preliminary investigative interviews, two pilot studies and the main survey questionnaire) eleven hypotheses are developed, simultaneously tested and results discussed. A sample size of 425 usable responses, made it possible to use Factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Multinomial logistical regression (MLM). MLM's use within cross-cultural research represents an important methodological contribution to this area, as it appears not to have been used before. The eleven hypotheses in this thesis represent the culmination of an extensive literature review process and understanding of cross-cultural methodological issues. The hypotheses measure three research themes: acculturation, consumer behaviour and culture. At the causality level, this research study supports previous research that indicates culture as influencing consumer behaviour. More importantly, British Indians consumer behaviour and cultural values are similar, but in differing aspects, to both Asian Indians and British Caucasians. This finding makes a major contribution to our understanding of British Indians and culture's affect on consumer behaviour. Further research into British Indians is encouraged using participants from different socio-economic groups and geographical locations. Implications of the literature and the research's findings are used to increase awareness of multi-culturalism from both an academic and commercial perspective. Cross-cultural methodological limitations are provided, indicating epistemological issues that require further discussion if this research field is to advance.
Digital reconstructions of fossil morphologies, Nama Group, Nambia

Previously undescribed fossils of weakly calcified metazoans were recently discovered in the terminal Proterozoic Nama Group of central and southern Namibia (Grotzinger et al., 1995), in sediments that contain the terminal Proterozoic index fossil Cloudina. The new fossils are closely associated with thrombolites and stromatolites that form laterally continuous biostromes, isolated patch reefs, and isolated pinnacle reefs. Because these fossils are preserved as calcitic void-fill in a calcite matrix, individual specimens cannot be freed by conventional techniques. Rocks containing the fossils are ground and digitally photographed at thickness intervals of 25 pm. A battery of image processing techniques is used to obtain the contour outlines of the fossils in serial cross sections. A Delaunay triangulation method is then used to reconstruct the morphology from tetrahedral components which connect the contours in adjacent layers. It is found that most of the fossils resemble a single morphology with some well-defined characters that vary slightly among individual specimens. This fossil morphology is described in this thesis as Namacalathus hermanastes. A mathematical description of the morphology is used to obtain a database of randomly-oriented synthetic cross sections. This database reproduces the vast majority of cross sections observed in outcrop. In addition, the most common orientation, the mean size, and other population statistics are measured for Namacalathus fossils within an individual rock sample. Thesis Supervisor: Prof. John P. Grotzinger Title: Professor of Geology
MODELING AND FORECASTING VEHICULAR TRAFFIC FLOW AS A SEASONAL STOCHASTIC TIME SERIES PROCESS

Extensive data collection is now commonplace for urban freeway and street network systems. Research efforts are underway to unleash the system management potential inherent in this unprecedented access to traffic condition data. A key element in this research area is traffic condition forecasting. Reliable and accurate condition forecasts will enable transportation management systems to dynamically anticipate the future state of the system rather than merely respond to the current situation. Recent traffic flow prediction efforts have focused on application of neural networks, nonparametric regression using nearest neighbor algorithms, multiple class linear regression based on automatic clustering, time series analysis techniques, and hybrid models combining two or more of these approaches. Seasonal time series methods, such as seasonal ARIMA models and Holt-Winters smoothing, have not been among the investigated forecasting techniques. The need to explore these techniques is motivated by a strong theoretical expectation that they will provide accurate and parsimonious traffic condition models. The findings presented in this report establish the traffic flow prediction superiority of seasonal time series methods, especially seasonal ARIMA modeling, over the recently developed methods. The research also contributes a specific application of time series outlier modeling theory to vehicular traffic flow data. This outlier detection and modeling procedure uncovered a common ARIMA model form among the seasonally stationary series used in this research. This common model form is ARIMA (1,0,1)(O,1,1)S, where S is the length of the series seasonal cycle. A glossary of terms is included.
Tidal Heating and MLT Tidal Wind Variability Due to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation

Tides forced by large-scale weather systems in the tropical troposphere introduce significant longitudinal and local time variability in the upper atmosphere. This thesis presents the latent tidal heating variability for 2002-2011 due to variation in tropospheric deep convection associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the tidal wind response in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) region. Emphasis is on the strong ENSO cycle 2009-2011. Latent tidal heating rates are computed from TRMM satellite precipitation data, with added radiative heating from MERRA reanalysis, as functions of time, latitude, and altitude. The heating rates for the two most affected nonmigrating tides (DE3 and DE2) are examined and compared with MLT tidal wind variability from TIDI/TIMED. Principle component analysis (PCA) is used to identify the tidal modes and components most affected by ENSO. Our results indicate that the tidal response to ENSO is largest during winter for both of the tides, with the largest response occurring in the DE3 tidal winds during the La Nina phase, with an increase of roughly 70% for the winter months of 2010/2011, and negligible response during the El Nino phase. The ENSO effect in the tidal forcing closely resembles the first symmetric and antisymmetric Hough modes of DE3 and DE2, thus being an efficient mechanism to transmit the ENSO signal into the MLT tides.
Nitrogen prediction in grasses: effect of bandwidth and plant material state on absorption feature selection

We analysed stability and predictive capabilities of known nitrogen absorption features between plant material prepared for NIRS (dried) and RS (fresh) studies. Grass spectra were taken of the plant canopy, and again after the grass sample was dried and ground. Models were derived using stepwise multiple linear regression (sMLR). Regression values (adj.r 2) produced using the dried material were greater than those produced using canopy material. For dried material only wavebands from the SWIR region were selected. Wavebands selected by sMLR on canopy material were located in both the VNIR and SWIR regions. Using wavebands selected for dried material models produced low adj.r 2 values when applied to canopy plant material; differences in adj.r 2 values are smaller when wavebands selected in canopy material models are applied to dried material. Widening of nitrogen features produced higher adj.r 2 values for both dried and canopy material. This work shows that obtaining models with high predictive capabilities for nitrogen concentration is possible, but waveband selection should not be limited to features identified by NIRS studies. To accommodate for variability in absorption features, and instrument errors, absorption features should be widened.
Promoción del aprendizaje estratégico y competencias de aprendizaje en estudiantes de primero de Universidad : evaluación de una intervención

Within the Higher Education European Space, certain teaching-learning processes are required to be focussed on the promotion of competences and strategies that enable students to perform indepent study and better learning. The PACA Project (Promocion y Autorregulacion y Competencias de Aprendizaje, i.e. promotion of self-regulation and learning competences) tries to equip university students with the required strategic tools to approach their learning processes more effectively. This Project is based on the letters Gervasio, a first year university student, writes to his > in which he tells his reflections, difficulties ann successes he experiences during his university life. These letters promote metacognitive reflection on study and learning competences. The Project has been applied to first year student from two universities during six session of 1 hour duration. The outcomes of the application of this programme suggest its usefulness when teaching learning strategies and promoting autonomy of university students.
Length-weight relationship of Gulf of Thailand fishes

The length-weight relationship of 26 fish species belonging to 17 families obtained from the Gulf of Thailand was examined. As seven species were obtained from different survey periods and three were from two different locations, seasonal and geographic variations of the equation between body weight W and total length L, W = aL super(b), were examined. The b values of the 27 species were tested for their significant differences from the value of 3; this confirmed that a few species showed significant differences of b value from 3. It is suggested that the 'cube law (b = 3)' can be applied to the length-weight relationship of most fishes in the Gulf of Thailand, with a few exceptions. This was confirmed by the analysis of b values from 72 additional species from the South China Sea area.
ENA periodicities at Saturn

The Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini spacecraft has observed energetic neutral atoms (ENA) at Saturn for three years from 2004 to 2007. The 20–50 keV hydrogen and 64–144 keV oxygen neutrals were examined for periodic behavior by projecting their images onto a plane perpendicular to Saturn's equatorial plane and summing the emissions along the vertical. The resulting “strip” images were then subjected to a Lomb periodogram analyses for the period between mid‐2004 to mid‐2007. The hydrogens display erratic periods in the 8–13 hour range, while the oxygens exhibit a very strong, repeatable period of 10.8 ± 0.2 hours, which is close to the nominal period of Saturn kilometric radiation as well as the period of energetic particles in Saturn's outer magnetosphere.
Ocean‐atmosphere exchange and atmospheric speciation of ammonia and methylamines in the region of the NW Arabian Sea

Concentrations of ammonia / ammonium (NH3 /NH4+) and its methyl‐derivatives the methylamines (MAs) were determined in seawater, atmospheric, and rainwater samples during the U.K. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study ARABESQUE program in the Arabian Sea (August ‐ December 1994). In seawater, concentrations Of NH3/NH4+ were shown to be 10–100 times greater than those of MAs, of which monomethylamine was the most abundant. Concentrations of all analytes were highest in the productive coastal waters off Oman, and lowest in offshore oligotrophic regimes. Calculations demonstrated that both coastal and offshore waters vented NH3 to atmosphere, and that while coastal waters could act as sources or sinks of atmospheric MAs, offshore waters were a consistent sink. NH3 /NH4+ was the dominant atmospheric base, with MAs contributing 16–20% of total measured gaseous base and 5.9–12% of total measured aerosol base (sub‐micron). Although photochemical destruction was calculated to be more significant for MAs than for NH3, removal of all species from the atmosphere was dominated by wet deposition. Atmospheric deposition was estimated to fuel less than 1% of the nitrogen requirements of “new” production in oligotrophic regions of the Arabian Sea. With aerosol scavenging calculated to contribute under 0.5% of rainwater NH4+ and MAs, the gas phase was inferred as the dominant source of rainwater MAs and NH+4. However, equilibria calculations demonstrated rainwater to be undersaturated with respect to gaseous MA and NH3 concentrations, and that paradoxically it was not possible for Henry's law to hold for all analytes simultaneously.
MANIFESTACIONES GEOMORFOLÓGICAS Y GEOFÍSICAS DE UNA ESTRUCTURA GEOLÓGICA PROFUNDA AL SUR DE LA SIERRA DE PIE DE PALO, SIERRAS PAMPEANAS

Geomorphological and geophysical features of the deep structure of southern Pie de Palo, Sierra Pampeanas. The results of the pre- sent study show relationships between geomorphologic and geophysical evidences with a structure found in the upper crust south of the Pie de Palo range, that should be similar in size. For this purpose, a chart of Bouguer anomalies was calculated from gravity values for the Pie de Palo range and surrounding areas. Besides, the Euler deconvolution method was applied, with window widths from 20 to 25 km and structural indices of 0.5 and 1. The responses obtained with this method using both indices point to a concentration of solutions in correspondence with the following structural features found by geolo- gic research: the Desaguadero-Bermejo megafault; the eastern boundary of the Precordillera; the El Molle megafracture. Moreover, the existence of an important accumulation of trapezoidal shaped solutions was determined south of the Pie de Palo range. Their sources respond to depths from 10 to 20 km. The geomorphologic evidences found in this region seem to corroborate the existence of the formerly mentioned rising structure in the surface, as suggested by the successive migrations of the course of the San Juan river to the north, and of the courses of the Mendoza and Tunuyan rivers to the south and west, which took place in prehistorical and historical times. This tectonic elevation can be compared to the one occurred during 1977's earthquake (Ms7.4) in the province of San Juan, during an important earthquake, when the Pie de Palo range rose 1.20 metres after the seismic event.
Validation of MERIS near IR water vapour retrievals using MWR and GPS measurements

Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK, Email: R.J.Watson@bath.ac. uk(5) Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Email: bennartz@aos.wisc. edu [Abstract] In this paper, the reduced resolution (RR) MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) near infrared (IR) water vapour (PWV) products above land surfaces produced at the Freie Universitat Berlin (FUB) are examined through inter-comparisons with contemporaneous microwave radiometer (MWR) and GPS data sets. The inter-comparison of MWR and MERIS water vapour retrievals showed a good correlation of 0.99 with a standard deviation of 1.0 mm, and an overall slight wet bias of MERIS near IR water vapour was observed. Unfortunately, this inter-comparison was limited by the number of samples. Moreover, a spatio-temporal comparison between MERIS and GPS water vapour products was performed using data covering all of Germany for one year from October 2002 to September 2003. MERIS water vapour values appeared to be slightly greater than GPS values under either very dry (PWV 25 mm) conditions. However, MERIS water vapour agreed well with GPS water vapour retrievals under moderate conditions with a standard deviation of 1.3 mm and a mean difference of -0.4 mm. 1. Introduction The MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) is a key payload on the ESA ENVISAT satellite, an advanced polar-orbiting Earth observation satellite launched on 1 March 2002. With the primary mission to measure ocean colour, MERIS also makes a significant contribution to atmospheric and land surface related studies [1]. MERIS allows for the global retrieval of total columnar atmospheric water vapour of the Earth every 3 days. MERIS has 15 programmable spectral bands, two of which in the near infrared (IR) are referred to as the water vapour channels (885 nm and 900 nm, respectively). MERIS near infrared water vapour products are available at two spatial resolutions. In full resolution (FR) mode each pixel has an instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of 0.019°, with a nadir spatial sampling of 260 m across track by 290 m along track (referred to as a nominal resolution of 300m). In reduced resolution (RR) mode, each pixel is approximately 1.04 km across track by 1.2 km along track at nadir (referred to as a nominal resolution of 1.2km). The unprecedented high spatial resolution compared to previous polar orbit instruments makes MERIS very attractive to the meteorological community. It is worthwhile noting that MERIS and the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) are on board the same platform and these two datasets can be acquired simultaneously during daytime. This allows the possibility of using the
Population-Development-Environment in Namibia. Background Readings

The papers in this compendium represent a preparatory stage in the creation of a population-development-environment model for Namibia. As will be explained in the following section, this model requires information beyond lists of statistics. It is necessary to understand the reasons for the current state of affairs so that the scenarios made by the model are understood within a broader context. Also important is an understanding of the policy framework which will govern the activities of each sector. Legislation, policies and practical programs need to be understood so they too can be appropriately considered in the model. It is with these aims in mind that the respective authors were asked to contribute their knowledge of Namibia to this project. As the model began to coalesce, it became clear that the background papers themselves deserved more than just a supplementary role. Together they present a reasonable body of information about different aspects of Namibian society. Given that the literature on Namibia is sparse and often contained in unpublished reports, these papers, many of which draw their information from this hidden or 'gray literature,' deserve to see the light of day in the form of this collection. In the pages that follow, a brief description of the PDE model and its components is presented, after which, the focus will shift to specific issues which relate to Namibia.