Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrate leaching in an organic dairy/crop rotationas affected by organic manure type, livestock densityand crop

Abstract. In dairy farming systems the risk of nitrate leaching is increased by mixed rotations (pasture/arable) and the use of organic manure. We investigated the effect of four organic farming systems with different livestock densities and different types of organic manure on crop yields, nitrate leaching and N balance in an organic dairy/crop rotation (barley–grass‐clover–grass‐clover–barley/pea–winter wheat–fodder beet) from 1994 to 1998. Nitrate concentrations in soil water extracted by ceramic suction cups ranged from below 1 mg NO3‐N l−1 in 1st year grass‐clover to 20–50 mg NO3‐N l−1 in the winter following barley/pea and winter wheat. Peaks of high nitrate concentrations were observed in 2nd year grass‐clover, probably due to urination by grazing cattle. Nitrate leaching was affected by climatic conditions (drainage volume), livestock density and time since ploughing in of grass‐clover. No difference in nitrate leaching was observed between the use of slurry alone and farmyard manure from deep litter housing in combination with slurry. Increasing the total‐N input to the rotation by 40 kg N ha−1 year−1 (from 0.9 to 1.4 livestock units ha−1) only increased leaching by 6 kg NO3‐N ha−1. Nitrate leaching was highest in the second winter (after winter wheat) following ploughing in of the grass‐clover (61 kg NO3‐N ha−1). Leaching losses were lowest in 1st year grass‐clover (20 kg NO3‐N ha−1). Averaged over the four years, nitrate concentration in drainage water was 57 mg l−1. Minimizing leaching losses requires improved utilization of organic N accumulated in grazed grass‐clover pastures. The N balance for the crop rotation as a whole indicated that accumulation of N in soil organic matter in the fields of these systems was small.
Does Firm Agglomeration Induce Migration? Evidence from Vietnam

This study examines whether the geographical agglomeration of firms affects inter-province migration in Vietnam. We measure firm agglomeration by per capita firm outputs at the province level. We find that the agglomeration of private firms but not stated-owned enterprises and FDI firms has a significant effect on inter-province migration. A one percent increase in private-firm revenue per capita of original provinces reduces the number of out-migrants by 0.075 percent, while a one percent increase in the private-firm revenue per capita of destination provinces increases the number of in-migrants by 0.064 percent. Interestingly, we find a stronger effect of the firm agglomeration on highlyeducated people than lowly-educated ones. This study is a result of a research with the title ‘Mathematical Models in Economics and Application in Solving Some Problems of Economics and the Social Sciences' led by Dr. Phung Duy Quang, Foreign Trade University, Vietnam. We would like to thank the editor John P. Conley and two anonymous reviewers from Economics Bulletin for their helpful comments on this study. Citation: Cuong Viet Nguyen and Quang Duy Phung, (2020) ''Does Firm Agglomeration Induce Migration? Evidence from Vietnam'', Economics Bulletin, Volume 40, Issue 4, pages 3325-3337 Contact: Cuong Viet Nguyen cuongnv@isvnu.vn, Quang Duy Phung quangpd@ftu.edu. vn. Submitted: October 28, 2020. Published: December 30, 2020.
Women’s Activism, Corporate Identity, and Female Board Representation

While there is ample evidence documenting the positive effect of women’s activism on female representation in politics, scholars know relatively little about its potential impact on gender diversity in the corporate world. We aim to fill this gap in the literature by providing the first empirical analysis of the relationship between women’s activism and female representation on corporate boards. Drawing on the extensive scholarship on social movements as well as original, qualitative interviews with representatives of women’s organizations, we argue that women’s activists use various strategies – empowering, informing, and shaming – to increase the number of women on corporate boards. In addition, we posit that the effect of women’s activism on female board representation is moderated by facets of corporate identity: it is greater for firms that are reputation-seeking and committed to corporate social responsibility, and it is smaller for firms with a right-wing political orientation. We test these propositions by analyzing firmand country-level data on more than 3,000 companies from 35 countries over a period of ten years (2002-2011). Using linear regression models (i.e. OLS, Tobit, and 2SLS), we find support for all of our hypotheses. These results are reasonably robust to a variety of alternative model specifications, including an instrumental variable approach that mitigates concerns about reverse causality and omitted variable bias. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
On the double Laplace transform of the truncated variation of a Brownian motion with drift

For any real-valued stochastic process X with c\`adl\`ag paths we define non-empty family of processes, which have finite total variation, have jumps of the same order as the process X and uniformly approximate its paths: This allows to decompose any real-valued stochastic process with c\`adl\`ag paths and infinite total variation into a sum of uniformly close, finite variation process and an adapted process, with arbitrary small amplitude but infinite total variation. Another application of the defined class is the definition of the stochastic integral with respect to the process X as a limit of pathwise Lebesgue-Stieltjes integrals. This construction leads to the stochastic integral with some correction term.
Determination of the EEDF by Langmuir probe diagnostics in a plasma excited at ECR above a multipolar magnetic field

In order to better understand the mechanisms of plasma production above multipolar magnetic fields via electron cyclotron resonance, the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) of an argon plasma in the magnetic field of a planar magnetron-like structure is determined by using optical emission spectroscopy and a cylindrical Langmuir probe. After a brief recall of the validity conditions for probe measurements in a magnetic field, probe characteristics generally allow the determination of the whole EEDF while emission spectroscopy can only provide the integral of the distribution function above the threshold energy of the selected optical transitions. The probe results show that the EEDF in fact appears as the sum of two Maxwellian electron populations. The first one is the population of fast electrons, accelerated at electron cyclotron resonance and which produces the plasma, and the second one corresponds to the cold, plasma electrons produced by the fast electrons. The variations in the parameters which characterize these two electron populations, i.e. density and electron temperature, as a function of the position in the multipolar magnetic field clearly demonstrate that the fast electrons remain trapped in the magnetic field close to the multipolar structure while the population of the slow, cold plasma electrons diffuses away from the magnets with a nearly constant electron temperature. The variations as a function of external parameters, gas pressure, microwave power, microwave frequency or magnetic field configuration are also discussed. In all cases, the maximum of optical emission corresponds to the region in the magnetic field where the fast electrons, accelerated at electron cyclotron resonance, are trapped and oscillate within two field lines between two mirror points in front of two adjacent poles of opposite polarity. Finally, simulation of the plasma production, as deduced from the experimental values, allows the determination of the ionization frequency of fast electrons. The results are perfectly consistent with literature data on magnetron plasmas.
Assembled 3D electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution: WSe2 layers anchored on graphene sheets

A new 3D composite electrocatalytic material is produced by growing WSe2 thin layers vertically on 2D reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. The material has improved electrode/electrolyte interactions and efficient catalytic properties due to the rich defects, a 3D hybrid configuration, and the direct integration of WSe2 onto the graphene sheets, which can significantly prevent the aggregation of WSe2 and promote the conductivity of the material. As demonstrated, the as-harvested WSe2/graphene hybrid exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), such as a low onset overpotential of −100 mV, a small Tafel slope of 64 mV per decade and outstanding stability.
Role of Zinc Fertilizer on Grain Yield and Some Qualities Parameters in Iranian Rice Genotypes

This experiment was carried out at Sari, Mazandaran, Iran in 2012. This experiment was done as split plot in randomized complete blocks design based three replications. Zinc fertilizer application was chosen as main plots (0, 20 and 40 kg/ha) and genotypes as sub plots (Tall cultivars: Sang Tarom and Mahalli Tarom; Short cultivars: Neda and Shiroodi). The results showed that the most panicle number per m2 and harvest index had observed in 40 kg Zn ha and the least of those was obtained in control treatment. Mahalli Tarom cultivar had the maximum panicle length and plant height, but the maximum panicle number per m2, grain yield and harvest index were produced for var. Neda and Shiroodi. The highest Zinc content in grain, zinc uptake in grain and straw, and nitrogen uptake in grain were observed in 40 kg Zn ha, as the most zinc content in straw, nitrogen content in grain and straw, and nitrogen uptake in straw were observed with application of 40 and 20 kg Zn ha. The maximum zinc content in grain and straw and zinc uptake in straw was obtained for var. Sang Tarom, but the most zinc uptake in grain and nitrogen uptake in straw had produced for var. Neda and Shiroodi. The highest nitrogen content in grain and straw and nitrogen uptake in grain was obtained for var. Shiroodi. The most zinc content in grain and straw were produced at interaction of 40 kg Zn ha and var. Sang Tarom and the highest nitrogen content in straw and nitrogen uptake in straw had produced under interaction of 20 kg Zn ha and var. Shiroodi. So according to the results 20 and 40 kg Zn ha was the best treatment.
Plant availability of an iron waste product utilized as an agricultural fertilizer on calcareous soil

Abstract An Fe‐dust waste which accumulates as a by‐product from the steel industry poses a disposal problem. Since the waste material contains approximately 43% Fe, 5% Zn, and 2% Mn, it shows potential for recycling as an agricultural plant nutrient. The Fe waste was evaluated in laboratory experiments to explore solubility, availability and soil reaction relationships. Two forms of Fe waste (dust and pellet) were treated with various amounts of H2SO4 in an attempt to increase Fe solubility and enhance plant availability. The amount of Fe solubilized was directly proportional to the amount of acid used. Following Fe waste acidulation, the water soluble and DTPA soluble Fe was significantly higher from dust than from pellet, regardless of the acidulation. An incubation study of Fe waste (with and without H2SO4) in a calcareous Fe deficient soil indicated that Fe availability decreased sharply with soil reaction time. In a greenhouse experiment, the Fe waste material was evaluated to alleviate Fe chlorosis.
A comparison between the Möller-Plesset and Green's function perturbative approaches to the calculation of the correlation energy in the many-electron problem

The well‐known expression for the total energy in terms of the single‐particle many‐body Green’s function is analyzed in detail. In particular the relation between the nth order Mo/ller–Plesset energy and the energy calculated from a Green’s function generated by the nth order self‐energy is investigated. It is shown how the nth order Mo/ller–Plesset energy can be expressed in terms of the Green’s function. The H2 molecule is studied in a minimal basis to serve as a model in which exact results can be easily obtained. Numerical calculations are performed for H2, He, Be, LiH, Ne, HF, H2O, NH3, and CH4 and the results are analyzed in detail.
Efficiency of K-feldspar Combined with Organic Materials and Silicate Dissolving Bacteria on Tomato Yield

Potassium i s one of the three essential elements viz., NPK, for the growth and r eproduction of the plants and i t plays many vital roles in its nutrition. The crop pr oduction in Egypt relies completely on imports to meets its annual requirement of potash fertilizers besides; the hi gh c ost o f conventional, water- soluble K fertilizers constrains their us e b y most of the f armers in t he co untry. In order to reduce the 2 dependence on imported potash, feldspar a potash mineral, contains 11.25 % K O and therefore it could be a potential K-source for c rop production. N ovel ap proaches a re needed to unlock K from the silicate structure of this mineral in order to render K more available for plant nutrition. A strain of silicate dissolving bacteria SDB ( Bacillus cereus) was used as bioinoculant. These studies were undertaken to evaluate t he effectiveness o f b acterial i noculation in combination with feldspar a nd rice straw on K-releasing capacity as w ell as the effect o f f eldspar charged compost (F -compost) as b iofertelizer o n tomato yield in field experiment. F-compost prepared through rice straw significantly enhanced the content of total K in the final product as organic materials decreased during composting process. However, incorporation of feldspar with organic materi als at different rates had no or l ittle e ffect on the degradation. Concentration of available K released f rom feldspar increased mark edly through composting process and t he maximum increase wa s observed with 40 % feldspar addition. Inoculation with SDB into the composting mass appears to enhance the percent of available K in the mature compost compared to its counter part without inoculation. Similarly, the response of tomato plants to the F-compost inoculated with SDB was dramatic when added to sandy soil of low K content and its effect was higher than potassium sulphate. The conjunctive use of F-compost plus SDB also produced maximum potassium use efficiency (KUE), total K uptake and considerable higher K recovery than potassium sulphate. Application of organic K-sources considerably improved the fertility status of the soil as measured by organic C and available N PK contents of the soil after harvest, while f eldspar and potassium sulphate had no or little effect on fertility build up. The effect of compost prepared through rice straw only on organic C was more pronounced, while available P and K were higher under F-compost plus SDB. The benefit of this compost however, demonstrated the validity and possibility of sustained agronomic performance of t omato and reduce the cost o f cu ltivation through the use of ch eep feldspar.
Global Optimization of Gas Lifting Operations: A Comparative Study of Piecewise Linear Formulations

Continuous gas lifting is the process of increasing oil well production by injecting compressed natural gas, called “lift gas”, into the production tubing of an oil well [ Presented at the SPE Gas Technology Symposium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 1996]. This paper considers the problem of optimizing the distribution of a limited supply of lift gas to wells in an oil field using piecewise linearization techniques. Four modeling approaches, proposed by Nemhauser and Woolsey [Integer and Combinatorial Optimization; J. Wiley: New York, 1988], Foudas [Nonlinear and Mixed-Integer Optimization: Fundamentals and Applications; Oxford University Press: New York, 1995], Sherali [Oper. Res. Lett. 2001, 28, 155. ], and Keha et al. [Oper. Res. Lett. 2004, 32, 44. ], are presented and the gas lifting problem is solved using each method. Each of the four frameworks is sufficient to solve the problem to global optimality and the method presented by Keha et al. has the best computational performance. The gas lifting problem is.
Electrical Conduction in Concentrated Disordered Transition Metal Alloys

Results are presented of an investigation on the origin of the low temperature coefficient of resistance in NiCr thin films. It is shown that this low temperature coefficient is an intrinsic property of the alloy. Besides NiCr a large number of disordered alloys containing transition metals have similar conduction properties, both in bulk and as a thin film. For these materials a correlation has been found between the resistivity and its temperature coefficient. These anomalous conduction properties are probably caused by the very small electron mean free path in these materials.
Inhibition of the corrosion of mild steel in H 2 SO 4 by penicillin G

Inhibitive and adsorption properties of penicillin G for the corrosion of mild steel was investigated using gasometric and thermometric methods. Penicillin G is found to inhibit the corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4. Inhibition efficiencies of penicillin G increased as the concentration of penicillin G increases but decreased with increase in temperature. Penicillin G is found to act as an adsorption inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the surface of mild steel was found to be exothermic, spontaneous and followed the mechanism of physical adsorption. Also Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to be the best isotherm that described the adsorption characteristics of the inhibitor. Key words: Corrosion of mild steel, inhibition, penicillin G.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND GA 3 ON GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF CHINESE MANDARIN TREES

: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three rates of nitrogen fertilization as control (500), 750 and 1000 g N/tree/year and GA 3 at 10 and 20 ppm, alone or in combinations on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of Chinese mandarin trees. Results showed that, high nitrogen level (1000 g N/tree) with 10 or 20 ppm GA 3 enhanced vegetative growth parameters in terms of shoot length, leaves number/shoot and leaf area of Chinese mandarin trees in both seasons. Moreover, treatment of 1000 g N + 10 or 20 ppm GA 3 gave the best fruit set % and showed to be the superior one in reducing fruit drop and preharvest fruit drop percentages as compared to control treatment. Yield and fruit quality were significantly increased by all treatments of nitrogen and GA 3 compared to control treatment in both seasons. Therefore, it is recommended with the treatment of 1000 g N/tree plus spray with GA 3 at 10 or 20 ppm which gave the best growth, yield, fruit quality of Chinese mandarin trees under sandy soil conditions.
Can θQCD=π?

Determination des rapports des courants de masse de quarks legers dans la theorie de la perturbation chirale, en faisant attention au signe relatif de la masse du quark superieur. Discussion sur une ambiguite qui rend possible la determination des rapports de masse du quark a partir des seules considerations lagrangiennes chirales. Resolution a partir des resultats de la chromodynamique quantique reticulaire de l'ambiguite pour obtenir m u /m d =0,61±0,26, m s /m d =21±2, impliquant que θ QcD =0
A General Synthesis of Bis‐α‐acyloxy‐1,4‐ and ‐1,5‐diketones Through Catalytic Oxidative Opening of Acylated THF and THP Diols

The first general synthesis of bis-α-acyloxy-1,4- and -1,5-diketones has been accomplished in a catalytic oxidative opening of bis-acylated THF and THP (tetrahydropyran) diols, which were synthesised by osmium- or ruthenium-catalysed oxidative cyclisation of 1,5- and 1,6-dienes. The overall sequence corresponds to the regioselective double ketoacyloxylation of the starting diene. The synthesised bis-α-acyloxy-1,5-dicarbonyl compounds have been transformed into pyridine-based oxido pincer ligands or pyrazinedimethanol substances, leading to the discovery of unprecedented aromatisation routes.
THE EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF NON-LINEAR DYNAMICS IN THE SOCIAL WORLD – ONTOLOGY, METHODOLOGY AND DATA

Across much of social science, quantitative methods involving linear regression reign supreme. This article makes the case for studying co-evolving systems, as a form of non-linear dynamics. If such investigations are to be fruitful, they must not only be elaborated theoretically, they must also be applied to empirical datasets. This article considers how this can be done, with what sorts of data sets and what forms of data analysis. It takes as its specific example the international datasets on patents, as revealing processes and patterns of technological innovation. It shows how such an approach can illuminate scholarly debates and develop indicators for policy makers. Finally, it offers an agenda for research into dynamic co-evolving systems across other empirical areas.
Editorial note for the Special Issue “Neonatal Management during the Coronavirus Disease”

A rapidly developing area of science and technology involves research about the interactions over newborn. Over the past half century, Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn. It is a hospital-based specialty, and is usually practised in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The principal patients of neonatologists are newborn infants who are ill or require special medical care due to prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital malformations (birth defects), sepsis, pulmonary hypoplasia or birth asphyxia.
PHOENIX: A Cloud-based Framework for Ensemble Malware Detection

The rise in the number and complexity of malware attacks has become a serious threat to computer systems and networks. Consequently, there is a growing need for advanced techniques to detect and mitigate these threats effectively. To address this issue, this paper presents PHOENIX, a cloud-based framework for automatically analyzing malicious binaries using multiple commercial malware detection tools or antiviruses. By leveraging ensemble detection, PHOENIX enhances detection accuracy and robustness, and avoids lock-in with a single anti-malware software vendor. Unlike existing cloud-based platforms and sandboxes such as VirusTotal or antiscan.me, PHOENIX can be deployed within private enterprises, thereby eliminating concerns about leakage of confidential data or sensitive information that may be associated with the analyzed files online. The framework is easy to use, is independent of the underlying cloud provider, and can be integrated into existing deployments by automating the assessment procedures. In addition, PHOENIX provides a variety of metadata extractors, and its modular design allows users to add new detection mechanisms quickly. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of PHOENIX with preliminary experimental results where we show the detection rate of 6 different malware against 8 anti-malware software.