Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Adult Weight, Density, and Age on Reproduction of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Abstract The impact of adult weight, age, and density on reproduction of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was studied. The impact of adult weight on reproduction was determined by: (1) counting the daily progeny of individual adult pairs of known weight and analyzing the data with linear regression and (2) creating 5 weight classes of 10-mg intervals starting at 60 mg (60 - 69.9mg) and ending at 100 mg (100 - 109.9 mg), then the progeny of 10 groups of 5 males and 5 females of each weight class were compared using ANOVA. To determine the impact of adult density on reproduction, adults were grouped at 8 different densities by increasing numbers per box (at 1:1 sex ratio). Weekly progeny production of 8 groups per density treatment was compared using ANOVA. There was no significant relationship between female weight and progeny production in the individual pair analysis. Fecundity was significantly different among weight classes, but the relationship was not linear. Adult density had a significant impact on progeny per female and progeny per unit area. Reproductive output per female decreased as adult density increased. Progeny per unit area increased to a maximum at a density of 14 adults/dm2 and then declined sharply. Adult age had a significant impact on reproduction. The highest reproductive output occurred at 2 and 3 wk of age and was significantly higher than at any other age. Adult density and age may be manipulated to maximize production of T. molitor larvae.
Methane and trichloroethylene oxidation by an estuarine methanotroph, Methylobacter sp. strain BB5.1

An estuarine methanotroph was isolated from sediment enrichments and designated Methylobacter sp. strain BB5.1. In cells grown on medium with added copper, oxidation of methane and trichloroethylene occurred with similar Ks values, but the Vmax for trichloroethylene oxidation was only 0.1% of the methane oxidation Vmax. Cells grown on low-copper medium did not oxidize trichloroethylene and showed a variable rate of methane oxidation.
Elucidating the gut microbiota composition and the bioactivity of immunostimulatory commensals for the optimization of immune checkpoint inhibitors

ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence from preclinical studies and human trials demonstrated the crucial role of the gut microbiota in determining the effectiveness of anticancer therapeutics such as immunogenic chemotherapy or immune checkpoint blockade. In summary, it appears that a diverse intestinal microbiota supports therapeutic anticancer responses, while a dysbiotic microbiota composition that lacks immunostimulatory bacteria or contains overabundant immunosuppressive species causes treatment failure. In this review, we explore preclinical and translational studies highlighting how eubiotic and dysbiotic microbiota composition can affect progression-free survival in cancer patients.
Investigating Food Packaging Elements from a Consumer’s Perspective

This study aims to identify and evaluate packaging elements in the food industry, taking into account various business areas/disciplines. The research was conducted with a sample of 1219 customers. An initial pool of 43 packaging items was developed, aiming to examine the elements that have a relationship with consumer behavior in buying food products. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on a random split-half sample of the data to examine the factor structure of these elements in the general population. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted in the holdout sample. The EFA of the packaging items resulted in seven factors: (1) Informational content, (2) Content protection and recognition, (3) Smart functioning, (4) Geometry, (5) Environmental friendliness (6) Endurance, and (7) Coloration. The CFA in the holdout sample supported this factor structure. The findings are informed by the consumer attitudes and predispositions towards packaging, thus having useful managerial applications.
Pest complex of Okra and population dynamics under Bundelkhand region, Uttar Pradesh

The incidence of sap suckers, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Bemisia tabaci, Nezara viridula, Tetranychus urticae and Earias vitella were first noticed at 4th standard week, while, Aphis gossypii and Dysdercus koenigii in 6th and 5th standard week, respectively. The maximum mean population of Bemisia tabaci (1.70 flies plant−1), Nezara viridula (2.59 bugs plant−10), D. koenigii (8.61 bugs plant−10), T. urticae (23.51 mites leaf−1), shoot damage (8.8%) and fruit damage (15.6%) byE. vittella was observed in cv. Pusa sawani. While A. biguttula biguttula and Aphis gossypii population was maximum 6.33 hoppers plant−1 and 1.83 aphid plant−1 in cv. Karishma and Deepika, respectively. The cv. Deepika had minimum infestation of B. tabaci (1.01 fly plant−1), N. viridula (1.05 bug plant−10), D. koenigii (4.35 bugs plant−10), T. urticae (16.99 mite leaf −1), shoot damage (5.5%) and fruit damage (12.2%) by E. vittella in Bundelkhand Agroclimatic condition. The population of insectpests and mite increased gradually after their first incidence and reached its peak at 10th, 9th, 12th, 12th, 17th and 13th standard week of A. biguttula biguttula, B. tabaci, N. viridula, A. gossypii, D. koenigii and T. urticae, respectively. The shoot damage (20.2%) and fruit damage (30.9%) by Earias vitella were noticed maximum at 13th and 16th standard week.
Polythiophenes with Cationic Phosphonium Groups as Vectors for Imaging, siRNA Delivery, and Photodynamic Therapy

In this work, we exploit the versatile function of cationic phosphonium-conjugated polythiophenes to develop multifunctional platforms for imaging and combined therapy (siRNA delivery and photodynamic therapy). The photophysical properties (absorption, emission and light-induced generation of singlet oxygen) of these cationic polythiophenes were found to be sensitive to molecular weight. Upon light irradiation, low molecular weight cationic polythiophenes were able to light-sensitize surrounding oxygen into reactive oxygen species (ROS) while the highest were not due to its aggregation in aqueous media. These polymers are also fluorescent, allowing one to visualize their intracellular location through confocal microscopy. The most promising polymers were then used as vectors for siRNA delivery. Due to their cationic and amphipathic features, these polymers were found to effectively self-assemble with siRNA targeting the luciferase gene and deliver it in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells expressing luciferase, leading to 30–50% of the gene-silencing effect. In parallel, the photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity of these cationic polymers was restored after siRNA delivery, demonstrating their potential for combined PDT and gene therapy.
Attentional homogeneity in industries: the effect of discretion

Summary Industries differ in how homogeneous they are in terms of managerial cognitions. This study draws upon the concept of discretion, arguing that the more latitude managers have in an industry, the more varied their companies' attention patterns will be. Focusing on 14 industries assessed as differing widely in their discretion, we measured intraindustry attentional homogeneity using Computer Assisted Text Analysis of letters to shareholders in corporate annual reports. As expected, the greater the discretion in an industry, the less the attentional homogeneity. 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards the Development of AgoKirs: New Pharmacological Activators to Study Kir2.x Channel and Target Cardiac Disease

Inward rectifier potassium ion channels (IK1-channels) of the Kir2.x family are responsible for maintaining a stable negative resting membrane potential in excitable cells, but also play a role in processes of non-excitable tissues, such as bone development. IK1-channel loss-of-function, either congenital or acquired, has been associated with cardiac disease. Currently, basic research and specific treatment are hindered by the absence of specific and efficient Kir2.x channel activators. However, twelve different compounds, including approved drugs, show off-target IK1 activation. Therefore, these compounds contain valuable information towards the development of agonists of Kir channels, AgoKirs. We reviewed the mechanism of IK1 channel activation of these compounds, which can be classified as direct or indirect activators. Subsequently, we examined the most viable starting points for rationalized drug development and possible safety concerns with emphasis on cardiac and skeletal muscle adverse effects of AgoKirs. Finally, the potential value of AgoKirs is discussed in view of the current clinical applications of potentiators and activators in cystic fibrosis therapy.
Analysis of Atrial Fibrillation Treatment Regimes in a Multicenter Cohort of Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair Patients

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent comorbidity in patients with severe mitral valve regurgitation (MR). Recent studies show a deleterious outcome of patients with concomitant AF after transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR). This underlines the essential need for additional strategies that ameliorate the prognosis of these patients. Fundamental data on AF characteristics and treatment regimes in this special cohort of patients are lacking. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 542 consecutive patients with severe MR undergoing TMVR in three tertiary heart centers with special focus on AF type and underlying treatment strategies. Results The prevalence of concomitant AF was 73.3%, and AF did not affect the procedural success or the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. The patients with AF were more frequently >75 years, had more tricuspid regurgitation, and less coronary artery disease than non-AF patients. The distribution of AF types was 32% paroxysmal AF, 27% persistent AF, and 41% permanent AF. Except for a higher degree in severe tricuspid regurgitation and a higher likelihood of male sex, no substantial differences were observed while comparing permanent and nonpermanent AF patients. The predominant treatment regime was rate control (57%), with only beta blockers (BB) in the majority of persistent and permanent AF patients, while additional digitalis or a pacemaker was used infrequently. Rhythm control was mainly achieved with BB alone in paroxysmal AF patients and with additional antiarrhythmic drugs in the majority of persistent AF patients. Interventional rhythm control therapy was performed in 2.5% and 30.9% of paroxysmal and persistent AF patients, respectively. The guideline-adherent use of oral anticoagulants was comparable and high in both groups (91.9% in nonpermanent vs. 90.1% in permanent AF). Conclusion This is the first study to provide necessary information for the understanding of the current clinical practice in dealing with TMVR patients. Since evidence suggests that AF is not a benign concomitant disease, further investigations are needed to assess the prognostic impact of these different AF treatment strategies.
Two new species of Paraboea (Gesneriaceae) in Caryota obtusa forests in Southwest China, with compound and simple dichasia, respectively

Abstract Two new species of Gesneriaceae, Paraboea myrianthasp. nov. and P. brevipedunculatasp. nov. are described and illustrated with photos. They grow in the Caryota obtusa forests from Yunnan Province of China. P. myriantha is closely related to P. glutinosa (Hand.-Mazz.) K.Y. Pan, but differs mainly in corolla outside glandular-puberulent, adaxial corolla lobes semicordate, corolla tube obliquely campanulate, and filaments glandular-puberulent. P. brevipedunculata is closely related to P. crassifolia (Hemsley) B. L. Burtt, but different mainly in simple dichasia with 1 and 2 flowers, peduncles 0.5–2 cm long and capsules slightly twisted. The geographical relationship between the two new species and their similar species has been discussed.
Regulation of Promoter-CAT Stress Genes in HepG2 Cells by Suspensions of Particles from Ambient Air

A panel of HepG2-derived cell lines (CAT-Tox [L] assay, Xenometrix), harboring stress genes consisting of a sequence for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) under the transcriptional regulation from mammalian promoters and response elements, was exposed for 18–24 hr to aqueous suspensions of urban dusts (SRM-1648, SRM-1649, EHC-93) or PM2.5 particles (particulate matter < 2.5 μm). Expression of CAT protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Induction of the CAT genes was verified with benzo[a]pyrene (CYP1A1, cytochrome P450 1A1 promoter; GSTYa, glutathione transferase subunit Ya promoter; XRE, xenobiotic response element), cadmium sulfate, and copper sulfate (HMTIIa, metallothionein IIa promoter; HSP70, heat shock protein 70 promoter). The urban dust suspensions were active on CYP1A1, GSTYa, and XRE cell lines. SRM-1648 and SRM-1649 were twice as potent as EHC-93 per unit mass in inducing the xenobiotic-dependent responses, which correlated with contents in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These three reference particles, as well as six PM2.5 preparations collected on hi-vol filters in the Great Lakes basin, were also found to induce HMTIIa and HSP70, the magnitude of the responses correlating closely with the amount of soluble copper in the particulate preparations. The results indicate that bioavailable chemical species in the unfractionated particles can directly and quantitatively induce xenobiotic, metal, and stress-dependent responses in a target cell model, resulting in patterns of gene induction consistent with the chemical compositions of the environmental materials. We propose that cell culture models could be helpful for toxicodynamic inferences in adjunct to environmental monitoring and exposure assessments.
Interannual variations in distribution and abundance of Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae in the East China Sea

M. , and Tsukamoto, Y. Interannual variations in distribution and abundance of Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae in the East China Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73: 1170–1185. We examined the interannual variations in distribution and abundance of Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae , 5 mm standard length (SL), based on sampling surveys over a broad area of the shelf break region of the East China Sea (ECS) during late winter and spring for 12 years from 2001 to 2012. Larval abundances in latewinter were higher than those in spring. In late winter, ratios (expressed as %) of larval abundance in the southern ECS south of 28 8 N to the whole study area were highest during the study period, with values ranging from 80.0 to 95.8%. In spring,theratiosinthesouthernECSwerestillhigh(34.3–88.8%),althoughthevaluesincreasedslightlyinthenorthernandcentralECS. Therewasnosigniﬁcantinterannualvariationinthecentreofdistributionofthelarvae,suggestingthattheformationofspawninggroundswouldberelatedtotopographicratherthanhydrographicconditions.HabitattemperatureoflarvaeinthecentralandsouthernECSwas (cid:2) 3–5 8 Chigherthanthat in the northern ECS throughout the study period, indicating that larval growth and survival processes may differ between the two areas. In the southern ECS, larval abundances ﬂuctuated largely from year-to-year, and the interannual variations were closely correlated with water temperature and chlorophyll a concentration. However, larval abundance did not correlate with an index of recruited juveniles ( (cid:2) 50–75 mm SL) in the ECS, suggesting that mortality during the late larval and early juvenile stages is responsible for recruitment success or failure.
Maternal sensitivity in a developing society: the context of urban poverty and infant chronic undernutrition

This study focuses on young children's chronic undernutrition and its association with maternal sensitivity, sociodemographic variables, children's play, and problem-solving measures. Data were obtained with home observations and laboratory procedures on 85 mothers and infants (M age = 18 months) in a low-income urban population in Santiago, Chile. Maternal sensitivity was correlated with maternal education, maternal weight, and marital satisfaction. Observed in a variety of maternal roles, maternal sensitivity was also significantly associated with children's nutritional status, attachment security, and mastery behavior. These findings demonstrate the relevance of the maternal sensitivity construct outside industrialized societies and underline the need for intervention strategies to extend beyond nutritional supplementation to address deficits of maternal care associated with specific caregiver's roles.
Study on direct regenerating adventitious buds from different organs of grape

Direct organs regeneration system was studied using the leaves, petioles, stems and the roots of test-tube plantlets of grape . The results indicated that the best medium for regeneration were MS medium and the best explant was leaf. The optimum medium for inducing adventitious buds from leaves as MS + 6-BA (1.5～2.0 mg/L) + IBA(0.01～0.1 mg/L), and the leaves of the cultivars such as Red Globe, Victoria and GN-18 produced higher adventitious buds. Within the concentration scope of BA from 1.5 to 2.0 mg/L, higher α-naphthalene acetic was unfavourble to produce directly adventitious bud from organs.
Translation priming with different scripts: Masked priming with cognates and noncognates in Hebrew–English bilinguals.

Hebrew-English cognates (translations similar in meaning and form) and noncognates (translations similar in meaning only) were examined in masked translation priming. Enhanced priming for cognates was found with L1 (dominant language) primes, but unlike previous results, it was not found with L2 (nondominant language) primes. Priming was also obtained for noncognates, whereas previous studies showed unstable effects for such stimuli. The authors interpret the results in a dual-lexicon model by suggesting that (a) both orthographic and phonological overlap are needed to establish shared lexical entries for cognates (and hence also symmetric cognate priming), and (b) script differences facilitate rapid access by providing a cue to the lexical processor that directs access to the proper lexicon, thus producing stable noncognate priming. The asymmetrical cognate effect obtained with different scripts may be attributed to an overreliance on phonology in L2 reading.
Expectancy × Value Effects: Regulatory Focus as Determinant of Magnitude and Direction

The authors propose that a promotion focus involves construal of achievement goals as aspirations whose attainment brings accomplishment. Commitment to these accomplishment goals is characterized by attempts to attain the highest expected utility. In contrast, a prevention focus involves construal of achievement goals as responsibilities whose attainment brings security. Commitment to these security goals is characterized by doing what is necessary. The different nature of commitment to accomplishment goals versus security goals is predicted to influence the interactive effect of goal expectancy and goal value on goal commitment, as evident in both task performance and decision making. Four studies found that the classic positive interactive effect of expectancy and value on goal commitment increases with a promotion focus and decreases with a prevention focus.
Dissipation of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Residues on Chickpea

Application of lambda-cyhalothrin at the rate of 25 and 50 g a.i. ha−1 on chickpea twice, first at pod initiation stage of the crop and second 15 d after first application, resulted in initial deposits of 0.335 and 0.462 mg kg−1, respectively, on green pods These deposits dissipated with half-life value of 4.9 and 5.0 days. At harvest, the residues were below detectable level (<0.005 mg kg−1) in grains.
Do lemmings commit suicide? : beautiful hypotheses and ugly facts

1. Introduction 2. Pioneering Observations, 1929-1939 3. Qualitative Changes, 1937-1939 4. Wartime Rat and Mouse Control, 1939-1946 5. Replication, 1946-1951 6. Behavior, Physiology, and Natural Selection, 1949-1961 7. Controversies, 1952-1956 8. Varying the Circumstances, 1952-1959 9. From Wytham Woods to Baker Lane, 1959-1962 10. Synchrony, 1924-1959 11. Review, 1923-1961 12. Epilogue, 1961-1995
Fundamentals of semiconductors : physics and materials properties

Electronic Band Structures. - Vibrational Properties of Semiconductors, and Electron-Phonon Interactions. - Electronic Properties of Defects. - Electrical Transport. - Optical Properties I. - Optical Properties II. - Photoelectron Spectroscopy. - Effect of Quantum Confinement on Electrons and Phonons in Semiconductors.
The recognition of isolated words and words in sentences: Individual variability in the use of sentence context

Auditory–Visual (AV) speech recognition is influenced by at least three primary factors: (1) the ability to extract auditory (A) and visual (V) cues; (2) the ability to integrate these cues into a single linguistic object; and (3) the ability to use semantic and syntactic constraints available within the context of a sentence. In this study, the ability of hearing‐impaired individuals to recognize bandpass filtered words presented in isolation and in meaningful sentences was evaluated. Sentence materials were constructed by concatenating digitized productions of isolated words to ensure physical equivalence among the test items in the two conditions. Formulae for calculating k factors [Boothroyd and Nittrouer, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 101–114 (1988)], which relate scores for words and sentences, were applied to individual subject data obtained at three levels of isolated word‐recognition performance approximating 30%, 50%, and 70% correct. In addition, A, V, and AV sentence recognition in noise was evaluated using natural productions of fluent speech. Two main issues are addressed: (1) the effects of intelligibility on estimates of k within individual subjects; and (2) the relations between individual estimates of k and sentence recognition in noise as a function of presentation modality. [Work supported by NIH Grant DC00792. ]
Reproductive morphology and mating behaviour in the hingebeak shrimp Rhynchocinetes durbanensis Gordon, 1936 (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetidae) in India

The present study tests hypotheses about sexual dimorphism in body size and morphology versus differential mating behaviours of three male ontogenetic stages (typus, intermedius and robustus morphotypes) of the hingebeak shrimp Rhynchocinetes durbanensis Gordon using canonical discriminant analysis. There is strong sexual dimorphism in this species, in that robustus morphotypes are greater in size and with larger appendages (extended third maxillipeds and major [first] chelipeds) than females. As typus males grow bigger in size, their third maxillipeds and major chelipeds become proportionately larger than those of females, and the numbers of corneous spines on the terminal segment of the maxillipeds are reduced. Although there is no sexual dimorphism in body size between typus and intermedius males and females, the robustus males are often substantially larger than females. During mating and spermatophore transfer, all male morphotypes performed similar behaviours (touching, overlapping and holding), but only intermedius and robustus morphotypes appeared to fertilize the broods of the females successfully. Robustus males were faster in approaching as well as mating with receptive females than subordinate males. When mating with robustus males, females spawned more quickly than after mating with typus and intermedius males. Additionally, the time taken for spermatophore transfer by typus males was longer. Rejection by females during the initial approach by typus males often resulted in unsuccessful spermatophore attachment. Results of this study suggest a dominance hierarchy in R. durbanensis similar to certain other rhynchocinetid species in which females appear to prefer mating with the larger robustus males.