Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium and dynamic surface properties of long-chain quaternary ammonium hydroxides with different chain length and number

ABSTRACT The equilibrium and dynamic surface tensions of five long-chain alkyl ammonium hydroxides (AAH) at the air/aqueous solution interface were investigated, and the effects of the length and number of alkyl chain on surface tensions had been discussed. With the increase of the length, the equilibrium surface tension (EST) increased from 28.65 to 40.52 mN/m. While, for the double chains at the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the EST decreased from 32.71 to 26.61 mN/m with the length increasing. In addition, the adsorption behaviors of the AAH were analyzed and the effective diffusion coefficients (Deff) were calculated on basis of the Ward–Tordai equation. Moreover, the time required to attain the EST decreases with the increase of surfactant concentration. The longer the C–H chain is, the lower surface tension at initial concentration is. What’s more, the diffusion processing of the AAH to air/water interface mainly depends on the surfactant concentration, and the adsorption is controlled by diffusion mechanism in a dilute concentration, while under a high concentration the adsorption is controlled by mixed diffusion–kinetic mechanism. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Chemosystematic Evaluation of Some Nigerian Gossypium hirsutum L. Using Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis

There is little information on the use of phytochemicals for the systematic study of variation and resolving relatedness in Nigerian Gossypium hirsutum species. Thus, there is a need to carry out detailed phytochemical studies of the plant leaves, which could be helpful in ascertaining their diversity and relatedness. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was conducted on 18 accessions of G. hirsutum using the established laboratory protocols. The findings of this study indicated the presence of tannin, alkaloids, proline, flavonoids, and saponin in all of the accessions that were grouped into two at 17% genetic distance, indicating 83% relatedness. However, phytosterol, terpenoids and glycosides were absent in three of the accessions, which were grouped at 48%. The phytochemical compositions were tannin (1.30-1.09 mg/100 g), flavonoid (1.60-1.16 mg/100 g, terpenoid (0.42-0.35 mg/100 g), alkaloid (1.47-1.11 mg/100 g), saponin (4.86-1.59 mg/100 g), glycoside (1.02-0.88 mg/100 g), proline (1.57-1.0 mg/100 g) and phytosterol (0.36-0.2 mg/100 g). The aim of this research was to determine the diversity and relatedness of G. hirsutum genotypes collected from different locations of Nigeria. In general, this study emphasises the use of plant chemicals for classification purposes.
Metabolism and Cometabolism of Cyclic Ethers by a Filamentous Fungus, a <italic toggle='yes'>Graphium</italic> sp

The filamentous fungus Graphium sp. (ATCC 58400) grows on gaseous n-alkanes and diethyl ether. nAlkane-grown mycelia of this strain also cometabolically oxidize the gasoline oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). In this study, we characterized the ability of this fungus to metabolize and cometabolize a range of cyclic ethers, including tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,4-dioxane (14D). This strain grew on THF and other cyclic ethers, including tetrahydropyran and hexamethylene oxide. However, more vigorous growth was consistently observed on the lactones and terminal diols potentially derived from these ethers. Unlike the case in all previous studies of microbial THF oxidation, a metabolite, -butyrolactone, was observed during growth of this fungus on THF. Growth on THF was inhibited by the same n-alkenes and n-alkynes that inhibit growth of this fungus on n-alkanes, while growth on -butyrolactone or succinate was unaffected by these inhibitors. Propane and THF also behaved as mutually competitive substrates, and propane-grown mycelia immediately oxidized THF, without a lag phase. Mycelia grown on propane or THF exhibited comparable high levels of hemiacetal-oxidizing activity that generated methyl formate from mixtures of formaldehyde and methanol. Collectively, these observations suggest that THF and n-alkanes may initially be oxidized by the same monooxygenase and that further transformation of THF-derived metabolites involves the activity of one or more alcohol dehydrogenases. Both propaneand THF-grown mycelia also slowly cometabolically oxidized 14D, although unlike THF oxidation, this reaction was not sustainable. Specific rates of THF, 14D, and MTBE degradation were very similar in THFand propane-grown mycelia.
Hydroxychloroquine as Therapeutic Option in COVID-19: Analysis of Suspected Cardiovascular Adverse Drug Events Reported in the VigiBase

Background: Hydroxychloroquine(HCQ), one of the repurposed drugs in COVID-19, has several known cardiovascular(CVS) toxicities. Methods: VigiBase data were used to analyze the reported ADEs linked to HCQ. The data were analyzed based on age, gender, and seriousness of ADEs at the System Organ Classification level and the individual Preferred Term level. Results: The majority were above 18 years(91.6%) and from Europe(41.6%). A total of 5,315 ADEs were associated with HCQ use in COVID-19. Of these, 918 ADEs were attributed to CVS and reported from 773 patients. Grossly, CVS ADEs were associated with concomitant use of HCQ and azithromycin(AZM), and only 40 ADEs were solely due to HCQ. The majority were serious (69.3%) and resolved afterward (51%). In CVS ADEs, there were 366 cardiac disorders, 38 vascular disorders, and 514 ADEs under investigation. Among the cardiac disorders, palpitation was the most typical (N=65), followed by bradycardia(N=44) and tachycardia(N=33). Among arrhythmias, QT prolongation (N=469), atrial fibrillation (N=25), and ventricular tachycardia(N=16) were common. The odds of developing serious CVS ADEs increased with age, patients aged 45-64 years(OR=1.75;p=0.015) and &gt;65 years(OR=1.93, p=0.003) as compared to younger ones. Conclusion: Hydroxychloroquine with known CVS toxicities and increased risk with co-administering AZM makes physicians cautious while prescribing in COVID-19 patients.
AN INVESTIGATION OF 10th GRADE STUDENTS’ SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS IN MATHEMATICS

The core of the survey was to investigate Mathematics self-efficacy of those students who study at 10th grade. Overall, 245 students of grade 10 were engaged as respondents of this survey. To evoke efficacious inclination of students, a translated version (Urdu) of “Sources of Mathematics self-efficacy Scale” originally developed by Lopez and his associates (1991) was administered which presented the items on five levels based on Likert type entailing 40 statements of efficacy indicating its four emerging dimensions as “Performance Accomplishment, Vicarious Information, Verbal Persuasion and Emotional Arousal”. Using SPSS for the analysis of data, both descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential (t-test) statistics were used. It was inferred from the overall analysis that the four self-efficacy sources were positively effecting the self-efficacy beliefs of students in Mathematics. However, boys are more influenced by the knowledge they get on their successful completion of task. They also enjoy comparing themselves with other peers. On the other hand, when girls are verbally encouraged, they feel confident while they also feel more anxiety as compared to boys. Sector was difference was also significant as students of public sector schools feel confident over successful completion of task that they can do well in future because they performed it in past with precision while students of private sector schools were more confident on influential effects by rest of the sources. In short, students found to be efficacious and all factors or sources contributed in making their mind set to be more efficacious to deal with Mathematics although with varying degree. Now it is the responsibility of teachers of Mathematics to come forward to provide them such activities that may involve them more in advanced level learning of Mathematics and help them in coping this subject in a more successful manner. In this way, self-efficacy can be a strong predictor of their academic gains. Efficacy in Mathematics cannot be differentiated on gender basis as it is a myth that boys always have natural inclination and therefore their self-efficacy beliefs are high than girls
Central Serous Retinopathy in a Post COVID-19 Asymptomatic Healthcare Worker at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Unique Case Report

Aim: Early detection and management of stress-related Central Serous Retinopathy caused due to COVID-19. Background: CSR has been associated with stress and is usually self-resolving. COVID-19 is known to induce psychological stress and its effects are many, one of them may be CSR. The importance of understanding the psychological impact of the disease, its consequences, and the counseling of even asymptomatic patients to ensure stress reduction needs to be understood by the treating physician. Case Report and Discussion: We report the first case of CSR associated with COVID-19 related stress in an asymptomatic health care worker and the follow-up and treatment plan for this case. It has been shown that unfavourable psychic factors influence endogenous hormonal secretion which in turn increases the levels of corticosteroids and catecholamines which have been found to induce CSR. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of understanding the psychological effect of the pandemic and recognising this and early treatment will reduce the ill effects of the stress induced by COVID-19. Case Report Amulya and Thanuja; OR, 14(3): 23-27, 2021; Article no.OR. 69369 24
Response of Potato Cultivars to Different Potassium Sources

Potassium plays a pivotal role in improving potato quality and yield. Field experiment was conducted during fall seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at the experimental facilities of Minia University, Egypt, in order to study effects of different organic and inorganic sources of potassium (Potassium Sulfate Potassium Humate Potassium Nitrate Potassium Silicate) on growth and yield performance of potato cultivars of (Lady Balfour and Cara). After 75 days from planting, maximum plant height and number of branches was obtained with cultivar Lady Balfour fertilized with potassium humate. Use of potassium humate with Lady Balfour gave superlative results in terms of length of branches, number of stems and weight of branches, while the leaf area was increased in the Lady Balfour with potassium silicate treatment. The greatest amount of tubers/plant in both seasons were achieved by Cara fertilized with potassium silicate, while the weight of tubers/plant was recorded by Lady Balfour with potassium humate treatment in the second season. The greatest tuber yields for both seasons were achieved by Cara with potassium silicate and Lady Balfour with potassium humate. Tuber’s texture, TSS and contents of chlorophyll a, b and carotene were higher with Cara cultivar fertilized potassium humate and potassium silicate. The results of experiment showed that the highest contents of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in potatoes leaves obtained by humic acid with both cultivars. Positive impacts of potassium humate followed by potassium silicate over other examined potassium sources on potato growth and quality were confirmed.
An Action Research Study of Promoting Teachers’ Confidence and Competence in Teaching English Meaningfully

This action research study investigates the introduction, implementation and evaluation of a training course—Meaningful Communication in English (MCE)—designed for English teachers at Saudi public schools. The course aims to promote the teachers’ confidence and competence to use alternatives in classroom practices and develop an English communicative and interactive syllabus. Saudi public schools aim to educate students to use English in reallife communication. However, the current classroom practices do not meet these expectations. Despite having been taught English from Grade 4, most Saudi high school students graduate with low levels of understanding and competence when communicating in English. Saudi teachers and students are afraid of change because they are confused and suspicious about the functions and effectiveness of interactive classroom activities. This situation in schools demands the development of a training course based on communicative and interactive pedagogies and topics related to real life situations. The study is conducted in two cycles to investigate the training strategies and acquisition associated with MCE over 180 hours of training. Each cycle of MCE is based on the themes of the first three stages of research: theme 1‘identifying the problem’, theme 2‘reviewing literature’ and theme 3‘developing a plan’. Upon the completion of MCE in each cycle, participant teachers were encouraged to conduct the following two stages ‘implement the plan’ and ‘evaluate the outcomes’ at their classrooms while providing remote supervision and support. The MCE training course differs from the traditional trainer-directed approach to introducing a learner-centered approach. Two hundred and forty-three English teachers contributed to this study and participated in observations, directed group discussions and surveys. The study found that MCE contributes positively to teachers’ professional confidence and competence. The outcomes from this study will inform current practice and policy in the teaching and learning of English in Saudi Arabian training rooms as well as classrooms, and will contribute to creating an engaging, interactive and Journal of Education and Training ISSN 2330-9709 2021, Vol.8, No.1 12 jet.macrothink. org learner-centered training courses for the future.
Spices and herbs as immune enhancers and anti-inflammatory agents: A review

Spices and herbs have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, with research starting to accumulate on their beneficial properties. Of these properties, the immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory capabilities of many spices and herbs have led to promising results. The current review article aims to explore the current research of several spices and herbs as immune-enhancers and anti-inflammatory agents. The spices and herbs examined are African potato (Hypoxis hemerocallidea), allspice (Pimenta dioica), basil (Ocimum basilicum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), chili powders (Capsicum species), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Devil’s claw (Harpagophytem procumbens), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), oregano (Origanum vulgare), rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), rosemary/sage (Salvia rosmarinus/officinalis), saffron (Crocus sativus), South African geranium (Pelargonium sidoides), and turmeric (Curcuma longa). All the spices and herbs exhibited immune-enhancing or immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory capabilities through various processes. Rooibos and oregano had the most contradictory results, with some studies finding pro-inflammatory properties, especially at high doses regarding oregano. Turmeric had the most extensive research with positive results.
CdS/Low-Band-Gap Kesterite Thin-Film Solar Cell Absorber Heterojunction: Energy Level Alignment and Dominant Recombination Process

The chemical and electronic interface structure (including energy level alignment) between wet-chemical deposited CdS and low-band-gap Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cell absorbers was studied using direct and inverse photoemission. Complementarily, the activation energy (Ea) of the dominant charge carrier recombination process of related solar cell devices was derived by temperature-dependent current–voltage [I(V,T)] measurements. We find the CZTSSe surface to be free of any significant amount of sulfur and the formation of Cd–Se bonds at the interface. A small, positive (“spike”-like) conduction band offset of 0.21 ± 0.28 eV between CZTSSe and CdS was measured. In conjunction with the I(V,T) derived Ea of 1.09 ± 0.07 eV, which is in excellent agreement with the CZTSSe bulk band-gap energy of 1.07 eV, this reveals that high-rate charge carrier recombination at the CdS/CZTSSe interface can mainly be excluded as the performance-limiting factor in corresponding solar cells.
The Use of Borrower-based Measures within Macroprudential Policy: Evidence from the European Economic Area

The article deals with borrower-based instruments within macroprudential policy as measures aimed at reducing systemic risk regarding household debt. Our contribution is three-fold; Firstly, we show that more than 50% of countries in the European Economic Area have incorporated the borrower-based measures into their national legal framework. Secondly, we provide evidence that in countries exceeding the average level of household debt growth, more active caps are used. Thirdly, our results confirm the use of more than one active cap in countries where the house price increase was higher than average house price growth. We also highlight the reaction of the Czech National Bank and other authorities to the COVID-19 crisis, which has resulted in the relaxing of standards.
The Connection between Motivation and Job Significance among Academically Trained Employees: A Case Study of Workers in Out-of-Home Settings

Side by side with awareness of the rights of people with disabilities, attention is now focusing on the caregivers of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and on how they enhance the quality of life of this population group. In community-based residential facilities, these care workers provide people with IDD with training and support in activities of daily living, educational and social activities, and a wide range of medical and psychological treatments. Despite the challenges and significance of this work, there is a shortage of high-quality personnel. The current study examined the association between motivation and perceived meaning in one‟s job and satisfaction and intention to leave among care workers in out-of-home facilities for people with IDD. The sample included 79 care workers with post-secondary education employed at out-of-home facilities of the Welfare Ministry, in non-managerial roles as direct caregivers, counselors, and coordinators, in Northern Israel. The main finding of the study is low motivation and satisfaction. In addition, a positive association was found between work motivation and satisfaction with the workplace, and a negative association between satisfaction with the work itself, and intention to leave the workplace. No significant association was found between finding meaning in one‟s job and satisfaction with the work. The study sheds light on this important yet understudied area. Although it is very important to place skilled educated personnel in caregiving roles among the disabled in general and those with IDD living in out-of-home facilities in particular, it is also necessary to strengthen the ties between academic education and actual reality of working in the field with people with disabilities.
Promoting Mental Wellbeing: Young Adults’ Experience on TikTok during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Nigeria

From the last quarter of 2019, the world witnessed the emergence of the COVID -19 virus that shook it to its knees, and Nigeria is not an exception. While countries were struggling with strategies on how to manage the virus, the lockdown option became paramount. During the period of the lockdown in Nigeria, most persons, especially young people, could not visit places of their choice. Hence, social media became their source of solace. This study examines the experiences of young adults in using TikTok to minimise the negative effect of isolation during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria. The authors interviewed ten young persons between the ages of 19 to 31. A thematic analysis of the interviews using Braun and Clark (2006) steps for conducting thematic analysis revealed four overarching themes that describe the participants’ experiences on TikTok during the lockdown. Prominent among the themes, the study uncovered how TikTok short videos excelled in impacting the research participants therapeutically; easing boredom, and impacting positively on their mental health. The present study suggests that TikTok short videos could be a phenomenon that could be adopted by individuals or even health professionals, especially psychotherapists in managing or treating patients in similar situations like the COVID-19 compulsory lockdown.
Does Social Media Addiction Differ by Personality Traits? A Study on Undergraduate Tourism Students

The potential relationship between social media addiction and personality traits is an essential topic in tourism studies, though it is rarely examined. Thus, this study aims to examine whether undergraduate tourism students are addicted to social media and, if so, the possible relationship between this addiction and their personality traits. The research used the descriptive method, one of the quantitative research methods. The questionnaire technique and the convenience sampling method were preferred to amass the data. Data were collected from 454 undergraduate tourism students and analyzed with the Pearson correlation test by using SPSS 25. This research has revealed that the students' dominant personality trait is agreeableness with a low-level social media addiction. The research has also found a positive relationship between neuroticism personality traits and social media addiction and a negative relationship between personality traits of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, and social media addiction. The research has revealed that tourism students are dependent on social media. Social media addiction is a type of addiction that harms individuals' personal development and business life. Accordingly, theoretical and practical studies should be carried out to combat this addiction. To this end, it is crucial to develop more sophisticated combating methods according to an individual's personality traits and carry out awareness and training studies in the practical field. The literature has scarcely examined the relationship between undergraduate tourism students' personality traits and social media addiction. Therefore, this study is believed to contribute to filling an important gap in the literature.