Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Three-Step Amplifier Configuration Algorithm for Dynamic C+L-Band Links in Presence of Stimulated Raman Scattering

We propose an efficient three-step amplifier configuration algorithm to improve and maintain the generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR) performance of dynamic C+L-band links in presence of amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, Kerr nonlinearity and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) using erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA). In step 1, we derive sub-optimal signal power profiles at the beginning of each span using the local optimization global optimization (LOGO) strategy [1] that takes into account ASE noise and Kerr nonlinearity. The effect of SRS, which is the dominant impairment in wideband transmissions, is compensated through amplifier gain pre-tilt of each span in step 2. In step 3, we use the closed-form inter-channel stimulated Raman scattering Gaussian noise (ISRSGN) model [2] to compute the GSNR of a multi-span link as a function of the inline amplifier gains and tilts and propose an iterative gradient ascent optimization algorithm to maximize the mean GSNR and minimize its standard deviation across the C- or L-band. Simulation studies for homogeneous-/heterogeneous-span links, static full-channel loading and dynamic loading due to gradual channel additions or sudden fiber cuts show that compared with other GSNR profile optimization methods, the proposed algorithm can achieve similar GSNR performance but only require execution time in the order of seconds. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in restoring/improving GSNR performance for an 8-span C+L-band link is experimentally verified for a scenario imitating a sudden fiber cut induced-channel disruptions. We further show that different optimization functions such as maximizing the minimum GSNR across the C+L band can be used in practical settings, and thus the proposed algorithmic framework is adaptable to different network control and management objectives.
On the factorization of iterated polynomials

Let $\mathbb F_q$ be the finite field with $q$ elements, $f, g\in \mathbb F_q[x]$ be polynomials of degree at least one. This paper deals with the asymptotic growth of certain arithmetic functions associated to the factorization of the iterated polynomials $f(g^{(n)}(x))$ over $\mathbb F_q$, such as the largest degree of an irreducible factor and the number of irreducible factors. In particular, we provide significant improvements on the results of D. G\'{o}mez-P\'{e}rez, A. Ostafe and I. Shparlinski (2014).
Transparent numerical boundary conditions for evolution equations: Derivation and stability analysis

The aim of this article is to propose a systematic study of transparent boundary conditions for finite difference approximations of evolution equations. We try to keep the discussion at the highest level of generality in order to apply the theory to the broadest class of problems. We deal with two main issues. We first derive transparent numerical boundary conditions, that is, we exhibit the relations satisfied by the solution to the pure Cauchy problem when the initial condition vanishes outside of some domain. Our derivation encompasses discretized transport, diffusion and dispersive equations with arbitrarily wide stencils. The second issue is to prove sharp stability estimates for the initial boundary value problem obtained by enforcing the boundary conditions derived in the first step. We focus here on discretized transport equations. Under the assumption that the numerical boundary is non-characteristic, our main result characterizes the class of numerical schemes for which the corresponding transparent boundary conditions satisfy the so-called Uniform Kreiss-Lopatinskii Condition introduced in [GKS72]. Adapting some previous works to the non-local boundary conditions considered here, our analysis culminates in the derivation of trace and semigroup estimates for such transparent numerical boundary conditions. Several examples and possible extensions are given.
On the Effects of Large-Scale Environment and Surface Types on Convective Cloud Characteristics over Darwin, Australia

AbstractTwo seasons of Darwin, Australia, C-band polarimetric (CPOL) research radar, radiosoundings, and lightning data are examined to study the relative influence of the large-scale atmospheric regimes and the underlying surface types on tropical convective cloud properties and their diurnal evolution. The authors find that in the “deep westerly” regime, which corresponds to the monsoon period, the convective cloud occurrence rate is highest, consistent with its highest relative humidity. However, these convective clouds have relatively low cloud-top heights, smaller-than-average cell volumes, and are electrically least active. In this regime, the cloud cell volume does not vary significantly across different underlying surfaces and afternoon convective activity is suppressed. Thus, the picture emerging is that the convective cloud activity in the deep westerly regime is primarily regulated by the large-scale conditions. The remaining regimes (“easterly,” “shallow westerly,” and “moist easterly”) also d.
K-theory of valuation rings

We prove several results showing that the algebraic $K$-theory of valuation rings behaves as though such rings were regular Noetherian, in particular an analogue of the Geisser–Levine theorem. We also give some new proofs of known results concerning cdh descent of algebraic $K$-theory.
Large time behavior of unbounded solutions of first-order Hamilton-Jacobi equations in the whole space

We study the large time behavior of solutions of first-order convex Hamilton-Jacobi Equations of Eikonal type set in the whole space. We assume that the solutions may have arbitrary growth. A complete study of the structure of solutions of the ergodic problem is provided : contrarily to the periodic setting, the ergodic constant is not anymore unique, leading to different large time behavior for the solutions. We establish the ergodic behavior of the solutions of the Cauchy problem (i) when starting with a bounded from below initial condition and (ii) for some particular unbounded from below initial condition, two cases for which we have different ergodic constants which play a role. When the solution is not bounded from below, an example showing that the convergence may fail in general is provided.
A Jacobi theta series and its transformation laws

We consider a generalization of Jacobi theta series and show that every such function is a quasi-Jacobi form. Under certain conditions we establish transformation laws for these functions with respect to the Jacobi group and prove such functions are Jacobi forms. In establishing these results, we construct other functions which are also Jacobi forms. These results are motivated by applications in the theory of vertex operator algebras.
Hopf bifurcation for a delayed diffusive logistic population model in the advective heterogeneous environment

In this paper, we investigate a delayed reaction-diffusion-advection equation, which models the population dynamics in the advective heterogeneous environment. The existence of the nonconstant positive steady state and associated Hopf bifurcation are obtained. A weighted inner product associated with the advection rate is introduced to compute the normal forms, which is the main difference between Hopf bifurcation for delayed reaction-diffusion-advection model and that for delayed reaction-diffusion model. Moreover, we find that the spatial scale and advection can affect Hopf bifurcation in the heterogenous environment.
Interactive Associations between Physical Activity and Sleep Duration in Relation to Adolescent Academic Achievement

Purpose: The present study aimed to examine independent and interactive associations between physical activity and sleep duration with adolescent academic achievement. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2019 cycle of the US-based Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. A total of 13,677 American adolescents in grades 9 through 12 (MAGE = 16.06 ± 1.24 years; 50.9% female) self-reported their sleep and physical activity behavior as well as their grades. Linear regression models fit with cubic splines were computed to capture potential non-linear associations. Results: Findings for the independent effect models revealed significant curvilinear relationships between physical activity and sleep with academic achievement wherein optimal grades were associated with 7–9 h/night of sleep and 5–7 days/week of physical activity. A significant physical activity by sleep interaction was also observed for academic achievement, which demonstrated that the association between sleep duration and academic achievement is not uniform across levels of physical activity engagement, and tradeoffs may exist. Conclusions: Overall, the results help to identify different combinations of physical activity and sleep behavior associated with optimal academic achievement and suggest that a one-size-fits-all approach to physical activity and sleep recommendations may not be adequate for promoting academic achievement during adolescence.
Worst-case tolerance design by genetic algorithms

An evolutionary approach to worst-case circuit tolerance design is presented in this paper. Thanks to an appropriate choice of the fitness function and of the reproduction operators, the algorithm is able to explore a wide sub-region of the space of parameters without any prior knowledge about position and size of the region of acceptability. Vertex analysis has been used to check the feasibility of any candidate tolerance region. For this reason, if, as for a large part of cases, the region of acceptability is convex and simply connected, the algorithm ensures an optimal design with 100% yield. The search for a "central" design in the feasible region,. namely for a set of parameters' central values and tolerances that make the circuit the most tolerant to uncertainties, is driven by the optimization of the objective function of interest for the designer as, for example, the per-unit circuit cost. Features and limitations of the approach are discussed by means of two examples.
Effect of Genotypes and De-Topping on Growth and Yield of Okra

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Department of Horticulture in Sylhet Agricultural University to evaluate the growth and yield performance of three okra genotypes (viz. BARI Dherosh-1, BARI Dherosh-2 & RAJ F1) under special management practices (viz. de-topping & non de-topping) from March to July 2022. The two factor experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. BARI Dherosh-1 showed vigorous growth nature having maximum yield and yield contributing characters viz. the highest plant height (20.46 cm) at 30 DAS (Days After Sowing) and at 1st harvest (108.23 cm ), early flowering (51.33 days), the maximum number of leaves per plant (4.71), number of branches (2.96), number of pods per plant (43.80), the highest individual pod weight (20.96 g), pod yield per plant (916.75 g) as well as per hectare yield (30.53 t) than the other two genotypes. Contrary, the lowest individual pod weight (18.80 g), pod yield per plant (638.72 g), and per hectare yield (21.28 t) were produced by genotype RAJ F1. Due to removing apical parts at 30 DAS, the shortest plants were observed in the de-topping system (85.69 cm). Again, Individual pod weight (20.87 g), pod yield per plant (887.95 g), and per hectare yield (29.57 t) were higher in non de-topping system than the de-topping system. Considering the interaction effect, BARI Dherosh-2 performed better under non de-topping system having the highest pod breadth (2.05 cm) and pod yield per plant (1007.86 g) and per hectare yield (33.56 t). Actually, de-topping at 30 DAS had no beneficial effect on yield or yield contributing characters. So, BARI Dherosh-2 might be recommended for the Sylhet region to ensure maximum benefit without de-topping.
Dynamic pricing in retail with diffusion process demand

When randomness in demand affects the sales of a product, retailers use dynamic pricing strategies to maximize their profits. In this article, we formulate the pricing problem as a continuous-time stochastic optimal control problem and find the optimal policy by solving the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. We propose a new approach to modelling the randomness in the dynamics of sales based on diffusion processes. The model assumes a continuum approximation to the stock levels of the retailer which should scale much better to large-inventory problems than the existing Poisson process models in the revenue management literature. The diffusion process approach also enables modelling of the demand volatility, whereas Poisson process models do not. We present closed-form solutions to the HJB equation when there is no randomness in the system. It turns out that the deterministic pricing policy is near-optimal for systems with demand uncertainty. Numerical errors in calculating the optimal pricing policy may, in fact, result in a lower profit on average than with the heuristic pricing policy.
Overexpression of TcNTPDase-1 Gene Increases Infectivity in Mice Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi

Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) are enzymes located on the surface of the T. cruzi plasma membrane, which hydrolyze a wide range of tri-/-diphosphate nucleosides. In this work, we used previously developed genetically modified strains of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), hemi-knockout (KO +/−) and overexpressing (OE) the TcNTPDase-1 gene to evaluate the parasite infectivity profile in a mouse model of acute infection (n = 6 mice per group). Our results showed significantly higher parasitemia and mortality, and lower weight in animals infected with parasites OE TcNTPDase-1, as compared to the infection with the wild type (WT) parasites. On the other hand, animals infected with (KO +/−) parasites showed no mortality during the 30-day trial and mouse weight was more similar to the non-infected (NI) animals. In addition, they had low parasitemia (45.7 times lower) when compared with parasites overexpressing TcNTPDase-1 from the hemi-knockout (OE KO +/−) group. The hearts of animals infected with the OE KO +/− and OE parasites showed significantly larger regions of cardiac inflammation than those infected with the WT parasites (p < 0.001). Only animals infected with KO +/− did not show individual electrocardiographic changes during the period of experimentation. Together, our results expand the knowledge on the role of NTPDases in T. cruzi infectivity, reenforcing the potential of this enzyme as a chemotherapy target to treat Chagas disease (CD).
A comprehensive proof of localization for continuous Anderson models with singular random potentials

We study continuous Anderson Hamiltonians with non-degenerate single site probability distribution of bounded support, without any regularity condition on the single site probability distribution. We prove the existence of a strong form of localization at the bottom of the spectrum, which includes Anderson localization (pure point spectrum with exponentially decaying eigenfunctions) with finite multiplicity of eigenvalues, dynamical localization (no spreading of wave packets under the time evolution), decay of eigenfunctions correlations, and decay of the Fermi projections. We also prove log-H\" older continuity of the integrated density of states at the bottom of the spectrum.
Elastic scattering and annihilation of low-energy positrons by molecular nitrogen

A single-centre formalism is used to calculate the integrated elastic cross section in the energy range 0<or=E<or=10 eV using the fixed nuclei approximation. The interaction between the e+ and N2 is taken to be a sum of static plus phenomenologically cut-off polarisation potentials. The cut-off parameter is adjusted so that the calculated cross sections are in agreement with recent measured values below the positronium formation threshold. The resulting wavefunctions are used to calculate the effective number of annihilation electrons.
Simulations of a plasmoid penetrating a magnetic barrier

Plasma structures, here typified by the term ‘plasmoids’, in the solar wind impacting on the magnetopause, i.e. the boundary between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere, can penetrate this boundary and be injected into the magnetosphere. This can happen either by expulsion of the magnetic field from the structure and subsequent diffusion of the magnetic field into the structure or by the formation of a polarization electric field that lets the plasma structure E × B-drift into the earth's magnetic field. In both cases a collisionless resistivity is required at some stage of the process. While magnetic expulsion requires electromagnetic models for its description, polarization can be modelled electrostatically and both processes can be, and have been, studied in laboratory experiments. We present three-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell simulations that reproduce large-amplitude waves, in the lower-hybrid range, that have been observed in laboratory experiments. Lower-hybrid waves have also been seen at the magnetopause of the earth. We consider the implications for spacecraft-based studies of magnetopause penetration, and suggest that the search for penetrating plasma structures should emphasize cases in which the interplanetary magnetic field is oriented northwards, as this configuration is less likely for reconnection. The application of theoretical predictions to the magnetopause environment shows that a plasma structure penetrating via polarization needs to be small, i.e. less than 10–100 km wide for typical parameters, and that wave processes at the magnetopause are needed to create such small structures. A larger structure can penetrate by means of magnetic expulsion.
Social Media’s Use and Impact on Oral Surgeons and Oral Surgery Residents

Introduction: Social networks are now an effective tool in medical communication used in many specialties. It provides wide access to patients and pears communities because the engagement of all age ranges on Facebook and Instagram is growing. More and more training programs are using these platforms to promote themselves to future students, including those in oral and maxilla-facial surgery. But the impact of specialized medical content has never been studied on the population of working practitioners and residents. Method: In this study, an anonymous online survey was distributed by email to French oral surgeons and French oral surgery residents. The questionnaire was accessible for a period of two months and included questions about demographic data and the professional use of different social networks. Results: It received a total of 206 participations. All ages and professional statuses were represented. Around two-thirds of respondents were 25 to 35 years old. A large majority of the respondents (86%) had an account on at least one social media site, and 74% of those aged 25 to 35 were present on Facebook and Instagram at least. Residents at 65% affirmed they use social media as a source of medical information, in contrast to academic professors at 30%. This online content had a higher impact on residents’ medical experiences compared with other groups. Twenty-nine surgeons declared to post occasionally or regularly on social media; most of them were private practitioners. The role of social media in oral and maxilla-facial surgery practice was judged significant or inevitable by 44.3% of the respondents. Conclusion: This preliminary survey of a small sample shows the growing interest of interns and young practitioners in medical content published by the professional community on social media as a source of non-institutional information.
On the Ornstein–Zernike equation for stationary cluster processes and the random connection model

Abstract In the first part of this paper we consider a general stationary subcritical cluster model in ℝ d . The associated pair-connectedness function can be defined in terms of two-point Palm probabilities of the underlying point process. Using Palm calculus and Fourier theory we solve the Ornstein–Zernike equation (OZE) under quite general distributional assumptions. In the second part of the paper we discuss the analytic and combinatorial properties of the OZE solution in the special case of a Poisson-driven random connection model.
Using the kappa function to investigate hot plasma in the magnetospheres of the giant planets

Planetary magnetospheres contain two general classes of charged particles: low energy “thermal” particles (generally E < 1 keV) usually described by a Maxwellian distribution and “hot” particles (E > 10 keV), variously called superthermal or “energetic” particles, which are described by a power law distribution. The kappa or κ function combines aspects of both Maxwellian and power law forms to provide a reasonably complete description of the particle distribution from low to high energies. Fits of the data to the kappa distribution can reveal particle density, temperature, pressure, and convection velocity, all of which are key parameters of magnetospheric physics. This paper summarizes the use of the kappa distribution and its variants to investigate the plasma properties of the magnetospheres of the giant planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. While the κ function was used to derive convective motions in previous investigations, temperatures, and pressures at Jupiter and Saturn, it was not an optimum fit for hot plasmas at Uranus and Neptune, and in many instances may not be the optimum representation of magnetospheric plasmas.
RESPONSE SURFACE DESIGNS FOR FACTORS AT TWO AND THREE LEVELS.

Abstract : The choice of an experimental design suitable for fitting a graduating polynomial can be made according to a number of criteria, depending on the problem involved. Difficulties arise when, although the factors are continuous in nature, the number of levels is specified by some external considerations. For example, if some factors can be examined at only two levels, the graduating function cannot include quadratic terms in those variables, but all second order terms for variables to be examined at three or more levels can be permitted. For such cases, a restricted model and special experimental designs are needed. This paper considers the problem when there are some factors at two levels and some factors at three levels. (Author)
A 2 Millimeter Spectral Line Survey of the Starburst Galaxy NGC 253

We present the first unbiased molecular line survey toward an extragalactic source, namely the nuclear region of the starburst galaxy NGC 253. The scan covers the frequency band from 129.1 to 175.2 GHz, i.e., most of the 2 mm atmospheric window. We identify 111 spectral features as transitions from 25 different molecular species. Eight of which (three tentatively) are detected for the first time in the extragalactic interstellar medium. Among these newly detected species, we detected the rare isotopomers 34SO and HC18O+. Tentative detections of two deuterated species, DNC and N2D+, are reported for the first time from a target beyond the Magellanic Clouds. In addition, three hydrogen recombination lines are identified, while no organic molecules larger than methanol are detected. Column densities and rotation temperatures are calculated for all the species, including an upper limit to the ethanol abundance. A comparison of the chemical composition of the nuclear environment of NGC 253 with those of selected nearby galaxies demonstrates the chemical resemblance of IC 342 and NGC 4945 to that of NGC 253. On the other hand, the chemistries characterizing NGC 253 and M82 are clearly different. We also present a comparison of the chemical composition of NGC 253 with those observed in Galactic prototypical sources. The chemistry of NGC 253 shows a striking similarity with the chemistry observed toward the Galactic center molecular clouds, which are thought to be dominated by low-velocity shocks. This resemblance strongly suggests that the heating in the nuclear environment of NGC 253 is dominated by the same mechanism as that in the central region of the Milky Way.