Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Systems: Transforming the Future

This paper proposes that critical realism can provide a useful theoretical foundation to study enterprise architecture (EA) evolution. Specifically it will investigate the practically relevant and academically challenging question of how EAs integrate the Service-oriented Architecture (SOA). Archer’s Morphogenetic theory is used as an analytical approach to distinguish the architectural conditions under which SOA is introduced, to study the relationships between these conditions and SOA introduction, and to reflect on EA evolution (elaborations) that then take place. The focus lies on the reasons why EA evolution takes place (or not) and what architectural changes happen. This paper uses the findings of a literature review to build an a-priori model informed by Archer’s theory to understand EA evolution in a field that often lacks a solid theoretical groundwork. The findings are threefold. First, EA can evolve on different levels (different integration outcomes). Second, the integration outcomes are classified into three levels: business architecture, information systems architecture and technology architecture. Third, the analytical separation using Archer’s theory is helpful in order to understand how these different integration outcomes are generated.
Balancing Market Access with Local Practice: Understanding harvester group motivations and experiences with Marine Stewardship Council certification

Balancing Market Access with Local Practice: Understanding harvester group motivations and experiences with Marine Stewardship Council certification Larissa Goshulak Advisors: University of Guelph, 2017 Jennifer Silver and Ben Bradshaw Many food retailers in North America and Europe have adopted and publicly promote corporate sustainable seafood commitments wherein they pledge to source their seafood from fisheries certified by the Marine Stewardship Council. Consequently, this has created a demand for the certification along the seafood supply chain, with much of the pressure to certify felt by harvester groups. This thesis draws from semi-structured interviews with harvester group representatives to describe how groups in three Atlantic Canada lobster fisheries navigate the complex certification landscape and to document influences that ultimately encouraged the pursuit of MSC certification. This paper argues that while market access for harvester groups is maintained by achieving certification, participation in MSC certification has resulted in various implications for these groups and tensions between externally-defined sustainability and locallypracticed sustainability are manifesting harvester dissatisfaction. This dissatisfaction may impact the perceived legitimacy and longevity of the MSC certification in Atlantic Canada.
Effects of Radiation on Mitochondrial Defective Lymphoblastoid Cells

Background: Ionizing radiation results in an increase in ROS and can be further enhanced in cells with damaged mitochondria, inducing persistent damage and genomic instability, leading to cancer. DNA damage response (DDR) is activated post radiation, and combined with ROS can result in telomere length changes. Mitochondria play a key role in mediating non-targeted effects post radiation exposure. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), due to its less efficient repair as compared to nuclear DNA, is more severely affected by radiation exposure and mutations in essential mtDNA genes can further exacerbate oxidative stress. Aim : We evaluated the impact of mitochondrial defects on radiation-induced DDR and telomere length changes, biomarkers that can foreshadow cancer development. Methods: To better understand this relationship, we have used lymphocytes containing various mitochondrial mutations and studied the kinetics of DNA damage and telomere length changes over time post radiation exposure. In this study we investigated the kinetics of DNA damage response and telomere length changes in cells in lymphoblastoid cell lines with known mitochondrial mutations following a 0.5 Gy dose of Xray or 1 GeV/um Fe ion. Results: Our studies suggest that cells containing different mitochondrial mutations have unique DNA damage and telomere length effects following radiation exposure. The effects on telomere length also reveal differences dependent upon the radiation quality of exposure. Results revealed cells with a mitochondrial mutation in the ND4 subunit of complex 1 showed a decreased growth rate, higher levels of persistent DNA damage, and telomere instability as compared to wild type. In contrast the ATPase 6 mitochondrial mutant showed more subtle changes. Conclusion: These findings point to the importance of mitochondrial integrity and the role it may play in cellular changes that promote cancer. In total results indicate mitochondrial mutations can influence DNA damage kinetics and telomere length and have long-term consequences in regaining homeostasis following radiation exposure. These results may aid in understanding the rationale for the persistent genomic instability following a low dose of radiation and changes leading to cancer promotion.
start through the OPP pathway in 5 cyanobacteria

One-sentence summary: Glycogen metabolism kick-starts photosynthesis during cyanobacterial diurnal growth. Abstract 22 Cyanobacteria experience drastic changes in their carbon metabolism under daily light– 23 dark cycles. During the day, the Calvin-Benson cycle fixes CO 2 and diverts excess carbon into 24 glycogen storage. At night, glycogen is degraded to support cellular respiration. The dark–light 25 transition represents a universal environmental stress for cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic 26 lifeforms. Recent studies revealed the essential genetic background necessary for the fitness of 27 cyanobacteria during diurnal growth. However, the metabolic processes underlying the dark– 28 light transition are not well understood. In this study, we observed that glycogen metabolism 29 supports photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 when 30 photosynthesis reactions start upon light exposure. Compared to the wild type, the glycogen 31 mutant (∆ glgC ) showed a reduced photosynthetic efficiency and a slower P700 + re-reduction rate 32 when photosynthesis starts. Proteomic analyses indicated that glycogen is degraded through the 33 oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway during the dark–light transition. We confirmed that 34 the OPP pathway is essential for the initiation of photosynthesis, and further showed that 35 glycogen degradation through the OPP pathway contributes to the activation of key Calvin- 36 Benson cycle enzymes by modulating NADPH levels. This strategy stimulates photosynthesis in 37 cyanobacteria following dark respiration, and stabilizes the Calvin-Benson cycle under 38 fluctuating environmental conditions, thereby offering evolutionary advantages for 39 photosynthetic organisms using the Calvin-Benson cycle for carbon fixation. 40
SUDDEN DEATH DUE TO VENTRICULAR FREE WALL RUPTURE FOLLOWING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: THREE CASE REPORTS

Ruptured heart is the most common cause of a haemopericardium and cardiac tamponade, the rupture always occurring through an infarct in non-traumatic cases. In these reports, the authors present three separate rare incidents of left ventricular free wall rupture and subsequent haemopericardium which were never suspected and detected only after meticulous autopsy. In all three cases, pericardial cavity contained clotted blood weighing 150 grams or more and site of rupture was free wall of left ventricle through myocardial infarct, 3 to 7 days old. These cases are of interest due to scarcity of such reports and they emphasize that high index of suspicion is necessary for diagnosis of such cases. artery and 100% block in right coronary artery due to atherosclerosis. Other visceral organs were intact and pale without any gross trauma or pathology. No evidence of fat embolism was found on gross or histopathological examination. On examination we concluded that the victim might have died because of cardiac tamponade due to left ventricular free wall rupture as a result of myocardial infarction.
Fast Solvers for Time-Harmonic Maxwell's Equations in 3D

The speed of iterative solvers for discretizations of partial differential equations (PDEs) is a significant bottleneck in the performance of codes designed to solve large-scale electromagnetic inverse problems. A single data inversion requires solving Maxwell’s equations dozens if not hundreds of times. An inherent difficulty in geophysical contexts is that the conductivity and permeability coefficients may exhibit discontinuities spanning several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, in the air, the conductivity effectively vanishes. In standard formulations of Maxwell’s equations, the curl operator that dominates the PDE operator leads to strong mixing of field components and illconditioning of linear systems resulting from standard discretizations. The primary objective of this research is to build fast iterative solvers for the forward-modeling problem associated with electromagnetic inverse problems in the frequency domain. Toward this goal, a Helmholtz decomposition of the electric field using a Coulomb gauge condition recasts the PDE problem in terms of scalar and vector potentials. The resulting indefinite system is then stabilized by addition of a vanishing term that lies in the kernel of the dominant curl operator. Finally, an extra differentiation recasts the PDE system in a diagonally-dominant form reminiscent of a “pressure-Poisson” formulation for incompressible fluid flow. The continuous PDE problem obtained is equivalent to the original Maxwell’s system but has a structure that is amenable to reliable solution techniques. Using a finite-volume scheme, the PDE is discretized on a staggered grid in three dimensions. The discretization obtained possesses conservation properties typical of finite-volume methods. Furthermore, interface conditions imposed by discontinuities in the material coefficients are sensibly accounted for in deriving the discretization. Although the simple representation of the
Interactive Feedback between ENSO and the Indian Ocean

A feedback process of the Indian Ocean SST on ENSO is investigated by using observed data and atmospheric GCM. It is suggested that warming in the Indian Ocean produces an easterly wind stress anomaly over Indonesia and the western edge of the Pacific during the mature phase of El Niño. The anomalous easterly wind in the western Pacific during El Niño helps a rapid termination of El Niño and a fast transition to La Niña by generating upwelling Kelvin waves. Thus, warming in the Indian Ocean, which is a part of the El Niño signal, operates as a negative feedback mechanism to ENSO. This Indian Ocean feedback appears to operate mostly for relatively strong El Niños and results in a La Niña one year after the mature phase of the El Niño. This 1-yr period of phase transition implies a possible role of Indian Ocean–ENSO coupling in the biennial tendency of the ENSO. Atmospheric GCM experiments show that Indian Ocean SST forcing is mostly responsible for the easterly wind anomalies in the western Pacific.
Inhibition of Yes-Associated Protein-1 (YAP1) Enhances the Response of Invasive Breast Cancer Cells to the Standard Therapy

Purpose: The deregulation of the Hippo pathway results in translocation ofYes-associated protein-1 (YAP1) to the nucleus to exert an oncogenic effect. This effect has been demonstrated in several malignancies, yet, in breast cancer (BC), it remains controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the significance of YAP1 expression in BC, its relation to cancer stem cells (CSCs), and the effect of its inhibition on tumor cell survival. Patients and Methods: We evaluated the expression of YAP1 protein and gene using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-qPCR in FFPE tissue from normal and breast cancer cases. We also studied its association with CSC expression ( OCT4, NANOG , and SOX2 ) and with different clinicopathologic characteristics. Two BC cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB -231) were exposed to different concentrations of YAP1 inhibitor “verteporfin” and cell viability was subsequently assessed. Results: YAP1 mRNA was higher in BC compared to the normal breast tissue (p-value=0.040) and was higher in luminal tumors compared to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (p-value= 0.017). Its expression in tumors was significantly associated with the expression of pluripotency markers ( OCT4 and NANOG ) (p-value= 0.030 and 0.035, respectively) and its inhibition resulted in a significant reduction of CSC expression in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. YAP1 nuclear expression by IHC, which signifies its activation, was more evident in invasive carcinomas compared to normal breast tissue and in-situ foci where the expression was limited to the cytoplasm. The pretreatment of BC cells (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) with YAP1 inhibitor “verteporfin” resulted in their sensitization to the effect of tamoxifen and doxorubicin, respec-tively, and significantly decreased tumor cell proliferation and survival. Conclusion: Our results imply that YAP1 is highly expressed and activated in BC and its inhibition could represent a possible novel therapeutic strategy that should be further explored and investigated to improve the outcome of breast cancer patients.
Formulation and Evaluation of Metoprolol Controlled Release Formulations

This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author RV the guarantor of this study has designed and carried out the experimental process and prepared the manuscript. Author CSKB has analyzed the results and contributed in preparation and review of manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Aim: The main perspective of the present research work was to prepare Metoprolol floating controlled release formulations. Methodology: After performing the characterization studies, Metoprolol tablets were prepared using various concentrations of poly ethylene oxide (PEO) WSR 303 (5% to 30%) by direct compression method. Formulations MP1 and MP6 were formulated using PEO WSR 303. Various pre and post compression parameters were evaluated. Dissolution studies were performed for the prepared tablets using dissolution medium of 0.1N hydrochloric acid. Results: Characterization studies like Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for Metoprolol, Polyethylene oxide WSR 303 and their combination were carried out, which revealed that there is no interaction between drug and polymer. The dissolution studies showed the controlled release pattern of Metoprolol up to 24h. The formulation MP5 prepared using 25% w/w of PEO WSR 303 showed maximum drug release of 98.22% at 24h. Similar drug release profile was observed for MP6 which was formulated using 30%w/w PEO WSR 303. These two formulations were further added with various concentrations of sodium bicarbonate (5% to 15%) and citric acid (2.5% to 10%) which enhanced floating of drug. Formulation MP8 containing 10% of sodium bicarbonate with 25% PEO WSR 303 showed less buoyancy lag time and prolonged drug release. Formulation MP15 showed very less buoyancy lag time of 4sec. Conclusion: Thus the prepared Metoprolol floating tablets showed prolonged drug release which could be a promising formulation for anti-hypertensive patients.
Vibration Behaviour of Single-Layer Latticed Cylindrical Roofs

Damped response analyses by using simple ideas from the well-known dynamic modal analysis are performed in this paper. The present general methods are applied to the orthotropic continuum shell which is adopted as the analogue of a latticed cylindrical roof structure, and the variation of the vibration behaviour with geometric parameters or a premotion loading factor is clarified.
A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Tyk2 Controls Susceptibility to Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis1

Genes controlling immunopathologic diseases of differing etiopathology may also influence susceptibility to autoimmune disease. B10.D1-H2q/SgJ mice with a 2538 G→A missense mutation in the tyrosine kinase-2 gene (Tyk2) are susceptible to Toxoplasma gondii yet resistant to autoimmune arthritis, unlike the wild-type B10.Q/Ai substrain. To understand whether Tyk2 is also important in a second autoimmune model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in B10.D1-H2q/SgJ (Tyk2A) and B10.Q/Ai (Tyk2G) mice with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 79–96. B10.D1-H2q/SgJ mice were resistant to EAE whereas B10.Q/Ai mice were susceptible, and a single copy of the Tyk2G allele conferred EAE susceptibility in F1 hybrids. Furthermore, EAE resistance in B10.D1-H2q/SgJ mice was overridden when pertussis toxin (PTX) was used to mimic the effects of environmental factors derived from infectious agents. Numerous cytokines and chemokines were increased when PTX was included in the immunization protocol. However, only RANTES, IL-6, and IFN-γ increased significantly with both genetic compensation and PTX treatment. These data indicate that Tyk2 is a shared autoimmune disease susceptibility gene whose genetic contribution to disease susceptibility can be modified by environmental factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms like the one that distinguishes Tyk2 alleles are of considerable significance given the potential role of gene-by-environment interactions in autoimmune disease susceptibility.
FETO-MATERNAL OUTCOME OF PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED WITH FETAL MACROSOMIA AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA TEACHING HOSPITAL: A 3-YEAR REVIEW.

Background: Fetal macrosomia has remained a considerable challenge in current obstetric practice due mainly to fetal and maternal complications associated with this condition. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of fetal macrosomia and feto-maternal outcome in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital. Materials and method: This was a 3-year retrospective study of pregnant women with fetal macrosomia (defined as a baby weighing 4kg or above) managed in this hospital from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2014. Data was collected from labour ward, maternity ward and theatre registers; and patients’ folders from the medical records and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: There were a total of 341 macrosomic babies delivered within the study period and a total of 5097 deliveries, giving an incidence of 6.7%, however, only 332 had adequate and complete information and were analyzed giving a retrieval rate of 97.4%. Booked cases were 244(73.5%) while the unbooked were 98(26.5%) of the parturients. Age range of 31-35 had a total of 119(35.9%) of the babies which was the highest among others. Caeserean delivery accounted for 174(52.4%), spontaneous vaginal delivery and exploratory laparotomy due to ruptured uterus constituted 157(47.3%) and 1(0.3%) respectively. Out of the 174(52.4%) that had caesarean section, 146(83.9%) were emergency while 28(16.1%) were elective. The commonest maternal complication was genital laceration which accounted for 37(11.1%) and the least was shoulder dystocia and accounted for 4(1.2%) of the cases. Primary post-partum haemorhage occurred in 21(6.3%) of the cases and 1(0.3%) of maternal mortality as a result of primary postpartum haemorrhage was found. One parturient had subtotal hysterectomy due to uncontrollable postpartum haemorrhage. A total of 139(41.9%) of the babies were delivered by women of Ibo tribe and far higher than found among other tribes. Of the total number of babies, 216(65.1%) were male while 116(34.9%) were females. Babies with severe birth asphyxia amounted to 1.9% and stillbirth accounted for 23(6.9%) of the babies. No incidence of fractures, Erb’s or Klumpke’s palsy was recorded. Conclusion: Fetal macrosomia is more frequent among multiparas who are between 31-35 years. The common complications include cephalopelvic disproportion, higher frequency of caesarean section, perineal laceration, postpartum haemorrhage, birth asphyxia and stillbirth Though the study showed minimal fetal morbidity; fetal mortality was still high.
HIGHER HEPATIC MIR-29 EXPRESSION IN UNDERNOURISHED MALE RATS DURING THE POSTNATAL PERIOD TARGETS THE LONG-TERM REPRESSION OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1

, A nutritional mismatch in postnatal life of low birth weight offspring increases the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome. Moreover, this is associated with decreased hepatic insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) expression, leading to impaired growth and metabolism. Previously we have demonstratedthatthetimingofnutritionalrestorationinperinatallifecandifferentiallyprogram hepaticgeneexpression.WhilemicroRNAsalsoplayanimportantroleinsilencinggeneexpression, todate,theimpactofanutritionalmismatchinneonatallifeontheirlong-termexpressionhasnot been evaluated. Given the complementarity of miR-29 to the 3 (cid:2) -UTR of Igf1, we examined how protein restoration in maternal protein restricted rat (MPR) offspring influences hepatic miR-29 and Igf1 expression in adulthood. Pregnant Wistar rats were designated into one of four dietary regimes; 20% protein (Control), 8% protein during lactation only (LP-Lact), 8% protein during gestation only (LP1) or both (LP2). The steady-state expression of hepatic miR-29 mRNA significantly increased in LP2 offspring at postnatal day 21 and 130 and this was inversely related to hepatic Igf1 mRNA and body weight. Interestingly, this reciprocal association was stronger in LP-Lactoffspringatpostnatalday21.Functionalrelevanceofthis invivo relationshipwasevaluated by transfection of miR-29 mimics in neonatal clone 9 rat hepatoma cells. Transfection with miR-29 suppressed Igf1 expression by 12 hours. Collectively, these findings implicate that nutritional restoration post-weaning (after liver differentiation) in MPR rat offspring fails to prevent long-term impaired growth, in part, due to miR-29 suppression of hepatic Igf1 expression. Q-RT-PCR analysis. GraphPad Prism™ 5 software was used for the statistical analyses and to create the graphs for the manuscript.
title : Drought-induced xylem embolism limits the recovery of 2 leaf gas exchange in Scots pine

18 Climate change increases the occurrence of prolonged drought periods with large 19 implications for forest functioning. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most 20 abundant conifers worldwide and evidence is rising that its resilience to severe drought is 21 limited. However, we know little about its ability to recover from drought-induced 22 embolism. To analyze post-drought hydraulic recovery, we investigated stress and recovery 23 dynamics of leaf gas exchange, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), and hydraulic properties 24 in 2.5-year-old Scots pine seedlings. We quantified the degree of xylem embolism by 25 combining in vivo X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) with intrusive techniques including 26 measurements of hydraulic conductivity and dye staining during drought progression, short27 term (2 days), and long-term (4 weeks) recovery. Seedlings were grown under controlled 28 conditions and irrigation was withheld until stomata closed and xylem water potential 29 (ΨXylem) declined to -3.2 MPa on average, causing a 46% loss of stem hydraulic conductivity 30 (Ks). Following drought release, we found a gradual recovery of leaf gas exchange to 50–60% 31 of control values. This partial recovery indicates hydraulic limitations due to drought-induced 32 damage. Whereas ΨXylem recovered close to control values within 2 days, both micro-CT and 33 intrusive measurements revealed no recovery of Ks. Moreover, we did not find indications 34 for NSC reserves limiting hydraulic recovery. Our findings demonstrate that Scots pine is able 35 to survive severe drought and to partially recover, although we assume that xylem 36 development during the next growing season might compensate some of the hydraulic 37 impairment. Such drought-induced legacy effects are important when considering 38 vegetation responses to extreme events. 39