Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University

Voltage-gated calcium (Cav) channels are a prerequisite for signal transmission at the ﬁrst olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) synapse within the glomeruli of the main olfactory bulb (MOB). We showed previously that the N-type Cav channel subunit Cav2.2 is present in the vast majority of glomeruli and plays a central role in presynaptic transmitter release. Here, we identify a distinct subset of glomeruli in the MOB of adult mice that is characterized by expression of the P/Q-type channel subunit Cav2.1. Immunolocalization shows that Cav2.1 + glomeruli reside predominantly in the medial and dorsal MOB, and in the vicinity of the necklace glomerular region close to the accessory olfactory bulb. Few glomeruli are detected on the ventral and lateral MOB. Cav2.1 labeling in glomeruli colocalizes with the presynaptic marker vGlut2 in the axon terminals of OSNs. Electron microscopy shows that Cav2.1 + presynaptic boutons establish characteristic asymmetrical synapses with the dendrites of second-order neurons in the glomerular neuropil. Cav2.1 + glomeruli receive axonal input from OSNs that express molecules of canonical OSNs: olfactory marker protein, the ion channel Cnga2, and the phosphodiesterase Pde4a. In the main olfactory epithelium, Cav2.1 labels a distinct subpopulation of OSNs whose distribution mirrors the topography of the MOB glomeruli, that shows the same molecular signature, and is already present at birth. Together, these experiments identify a unique Cav2.1 + multiglomerular domain in the MOB that may form a previously unrecognized olfactory subsystem distinct from other groups of necklace glomeruli that rely on cGMP signaling mechanisms.
University of Birmingham Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and the psychological factors associated can help inform subsequent interventions to protect psychological health. In particular, psychological flexibility has been shown to be an important target for intervention. The current study aimed to investigate associations between protective factors (state mind-fulness, values and self-compassion) and risk factors (COVID-19 stress, worry and rumination) for mental health during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: 439 participants completed three online surveys during the 1st wave of the pandemic in the UK: Time 1 (April 1–5th 2020), Time 2 (April 15–19th April), Time 3 (May 13–17th 2020). Main outcome measures: Measures of wellbeing, burnout and life satisfaction. Results: Psychological health outcome measures were found to be lower (worse) than normative comparison data during the early stages of the UK lockdown, while COVID-19 stress and worry reduced over time. Multilevel models found that higher levels of trait and state measures of psychological flexibility and self-compassion were associated with better psychological health across time points. Higher levels of COVID-19 stress, worry and rumination were also associated with poorer psychological health. Conclusion: The results showed that mindfulness, values and self-compassion are potential targets for intervention.
MS-Transformer: Masked and Sparse Transformer for Point Cloud Registration

In this paper, we propose a masked and sparse transformer to address the problem of point cloud registration with low overlap. The mask mechanism reduces the overall data, increasing the corresponding point ratio in the overlap region, while also reducing the computational cost to accelerate the algorithm's execution speed. Moreover, we combine spatial position encoding and sparse self-attention to establish relationships within the source point cloud, as well as the relationships and attention scores between the source and target point clouds. This approach is specifically designed for the task of point cloud registration. Finally, we search for the maximum overlap area by matching the spatial consistency between points and calculate the 3D transformation matrix to complete the registration process. Our method achieves an improvement in the inlier ratio and performs well on the 3DMatch and 3DLoMatch datasets, demonstrating high registration efficiency.
Employee Silence, Workplace Motivation and Organisational Performance: a Study of a Typical Cleaning Services Company in Lagos State

nformation dissemination is very paramount in any organisation yet most employers subdue employees not to voice out. Those whose voice contribute to organisational achievement are not motivated. This study investigated the effect of employee silence I and work motivation on organisational performance in the cleaning services industry in Lagos State using Opel cleaning services Ltd as a study. The study adopts a quantitative approach, using descriptive design and a well structured questionnaire to elicit data from Opel Cleaning service company Ltd. Obanikoro in Lagos State. A sample size of 61 was drawn randomly from various service centres in Lagos State. Findings reveal that employees' reluctance to speak about work-related problems is because of middle and top management attitudes and behaviours. This study recommended that, for employees to speak up about organisational challenges, apodium should be created to ensure communication opportunities and formal systems for the transfer or exchange of information. Also, organisational climate of speaking up concerns, ideas suggestions must be created to enable cleaners have a sense of belonging because the weakest signals which could affect an organisation positively or negatively needs to be detected early enough to ensure strategic competitive advantage
Stability of the Kuroshio path with respect to glacial sea level lowering

We investigate the changes of the Kuroshio Current in the East China Sea during the last glacial maximum, based on numerical experiments using an ocean model and geochemical analyses of marine sediments. Our numerical experimental results indicate that there was little effect of sea‐level change on the path of the Kuroshio during the glacial period. Geochemical proxy records of marine sediment cores recovered from inside and outside the Okinawa Trough (OT) show no significant difference in glacial sea surface temperature and planktonic foraminiferal δ18O between the OT and the Ryukyu forearc. This indicates that the glacial sea surface temperature and salinity were almost the same inside and outside the OT. Hence, during the glacial period, Kuroshio water most likely intruded into the OT and flowed along the shelf break until it drained out through the Tokara Strait.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN SIX FRESHWATER FISHES COLLECTED FROM RIVERS, BEELS AND PONDS OF MORIGAON DISTRICT, ASSAM, INDIA

: The present study evaluated fatty acid profile of six fish muscles collected from different freshwater sources like rivers, beels and ponds to determine the composition of lauric acid (C12:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), linoleic acid (C18:2n-9), arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA). Sampled freshwater fishes include Eutropiichthys vacha, Aorichthys seenghala, Wallagu attu, Anabas testudineus, Clarias batrachus and Heteropneustes fossilis were collected from different habitats but all were carnivorous. The results showed that the fatty acid contents in E.vacha (12.477%) and A.seenghala (12.183%) collected from the rivers were higher, followed by W.attu (11.997%) and A.testudineus (11.722%) collected from beels and H.fossilis (11.291%) and C.batrachus (11.186%) collected from ponds. The most abundant fatty acids were oleic acid (28.15±7.91 to 32.10±4.13%) followed by palmitic acid (27.40±4.55 to 29.22±5.02%), docosahexaenoic acid (9.23±2.70 to 11.30±0.47%), eicosapentaenoic acid (7.90±0.94 to 9.70±0.76%), linoleic acid (7.68±2.87 to 9.00±0.96%), stearic acid (5.60±2.27 to 8.70±3.31%), arachidonic acid (0.90±0.38 to 2.00±1.18%) and lauric acid (0.03±0.02 to 0.30±0.11%) in all the studied riverine, beel and pond fishes. The predominant fatty acids in the evaluated fishes were oleic acid (unsaturated fatty acid), palmitic acid (saturated fatty acid), stearic acid (saturated fatty acid) and lauric acid (saturated fatty acid). The major omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) were higher than omega-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid and arachidonic acid) in the studied fish muscles. These data revealed that fishes were good source of fatty acids whether fishes are collected from rivers or beels or ponds. It may also be said that fatty acid compositions significantly varied from fish to fish, collected from different habitats. So, the goal of these studies was to find out the differences among fatty acid compositions of fishes collected from different aquatic environments (rivers, beels and ponds).
NEMATODE TAIL-SHAPE GROUPS RESPOND TO ENVIRONMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN THE DEEP SEA

- Although it has been proposed that tail shapes could be used as the basis for ecologically useful functional groups of nematodes, the proposition has not been tested. We used data from three sites in the deep North Atlantic for such a test. In a prétest, we found that nematode functional groups based on buccal morphology differed significantly in their proportional représentation among the sites, indicating that for nematodes the sites differed ecologically. Results of similar tests involving tail-shape groups were significant, indicating that there is ecological information in the tail-shape groups, and a further test revealed that the information in the shape of the tail was not a simple reflection of information in the buccal-morphology groups. Distribution of functional groups formed by combining tail shape and buccal morphology also differed significantly among sites. We conclude that both the tail-shape and buccal-morphology-by-tail-shape approaches hold promise for the ecological analysis of deep-sea nematode assemblages. RÉSUMÉ
The predictors of persistent DSM-IV disorders in 3-year follow-ups of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys 1999 and 2004

Background The identification of the factors that influence the persistence of psychiatric disorder may assist practitioners to focus on young people who are particularly prone to poor outcomes, but population-based samples of sufficient size are rare. Method This secondary analysis combined data from two large, population-based cross-sectional surveys in Great Britain (1999 and 2004) and their respective follow-ups (2002 and 2007), to study homotypic persistence among the 998 school-age children with psychiatric disorder at baseline. Psychiatric disorder was measured using the Development and Well-Being Assessment applying DSM-IV criteria. Factors relating to the child, family, and the severity and type of psychopathology at baseline were analysed using logistic regression. Results Approximately 50% of children with at least one psychiatric disorder were assigned the same diagnostic grouping at 3-year follow-up. Persistent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety were predicted by poor peer relationship scores. Persistent conduct disorder was predicted by intellectual disability, rented housing, large family size, poor family function and by severer baseline psychopathology scores. Conclusions Homotypic persistence was predicted by different factors for different groups of psychiatric disorders. Experimental research in clinical samples should explore whether these factors also influence response to interventions.
On Policy Interactions among Nations: When Do Cooperation and Commitment Matter ? *

This paper offers a comprehensive framework to study commitment and cooperation issues in games with multiple policymakers. To reconcile some puzzles in the recent literature on the effects of policy interactions among nations, we prove that games characterized by different commitment and cooperation schemes can have the same equilibrium outcome if certain spillover effects vanish at the common solution of these games. We provide a detailed discussion of these spillovers, showing that, in general, commitment and cooperation are non-trivial issues. Yet, models of the linear-quadratic variety with multiple policymakers can generate a 'symbiotic' result where commitment and cooperation issues are irrelevant, in the sense that the social optimum can be implemented under arbitrary commitment and cooperation schemes. The proposed framework can be extended to a stochastic environment and is sufficiently general to allow for a broad discussion of policy interactions, both within monetary unions and among fully sovereign nations. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Banque de France and the European Central Bank.
Eng-Evaluation of 3 esterase tests for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis at dry-off and freshening in dairy cattle

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) and intramammary infection (IMI) increase esterase activity in the glandular secretions of dairy cattle. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical performance of 3 commercially available esterase tests for diagnosing SCM and IMI. Foremilk samples were collected from 380 quarters (96 cows) at dry-off and from 329 quarters (83 cows) within 4 to 7 d after calving. Quarter somatic cell count (SCC) was measured using the reference method (DeLaval cell counter; De Laval International AB, Tumba, Sweden) with SCM defined as SCC >200,000 cells/mL. Bacterial culture of foremilk samples was used to diagnose IMI based on the growth of ≥100 cfu/mL. The SCC was estimated using 3 PortaSCC tests (PortaCheck, Moore-stown, NJ) from the measured esterase activity and the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Clinical performance was evaluated using logistic regression to determine the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and identify test sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) at the optimal cut-point for diagnosing SCM and IMI. Test agreement was also evaluated using the kappa coefficient (κ) and weighted κ. The PortaSCC color test was the best-performing PortaSCC test for diagnosing SCM at dry-off (AUC = 0.90, Se = 0.91, Sp = 0.81, κ = 0.71) and at freshening (AUC = 0.86, Se = 0.74, Sp = 0.95, κ = 0.72), at an optimal cut-point of ≥250,000 cells/mL but required 45 min to produce a result. For comparison, the CMT required 2 min to produce a result and a CMT score of trace or higher was superior to the PortaSCC color test for diagnosing SCM at dry-off (AUC = 0.95, Se = 0.95, Sp = 0.86, κ = 0.81) and freshening (AUC = 0.88, Se = 0.79, Sp = 0.95, κ = 0.76). The PortaSCC quick test was the best-performing PortaSCC test for diagnosing IMI at dry-off (AUC = 0.81, Se = 0.81, Sp = 0.78 κ = 0.40) and required 5 min to produce a result, whereas the PortaSCC color test was the best performing PortaSCC test for diagnosing IMI at freshening (AUC = 0.80, Se = 0.75, Sp = 0.79 κ = 0.38). For comparison, the CMT was inferior to the PortaSCC quick test for diagnosing IMI at dry-off (AUC = 0.73, Se = 0.76, Sp = 0.60, κ = 0.20) but was equivalent to the PortaSCC color test at freshening (AUC = 0.79, Se = 0.58, Sp = 0.93, κ = 0.50). The PortaSCC color and quick tests and CMT were considered good tests for diagnosing SCM and IMI because clinically useful tests typically have an AUC >0.80 and κ >0.6. Based on the test sensitivity, cost, and analysis time, there does not appear to be a persuasive reason to select the PortaSCC tests over the traditional CMT for diagnosing SCM and IMI.
University of Birmingham The cellular choreography of osteoblast angiotropism in bone development and homeostasis

: Interaction between endothelial cells and osteoblasts is essential for bone development and homeostasis. This process is mediated in large part by osteoblast angiotropism, the migration of osteoblasts alongside blood vessels, which is crucial for the homing of osteoblasts to sites of bone formation during embryogenesis and in mature bones during remodeling and repair. Specialized bone endothelial cells that form “type H” capillaries have emerged as key interaction partners of osteoblasts, regulating osteoblast differentiation and maturation and ensuring their migration towards newly forming trabecular bone areas. Recent revolutions in high-resolution imaging methodologies for bone as well as single cell and RNA sequencing technologies have enabled the identiﬁcation of some of the signaling pathways and molecular interactions that underpin this regulatory relationship. Similarly, the intercellular cross talk between endothelial cells and entombed osteocytes that is essential for bone formation, repair, and maintenance are beginning to be uncovered. This is a relatively new area of research that has, until recently, been hampered by a lack of appropriate analysis tools. Now that these tools are available, greater understanding of the molecular relationships between these key cell types is expected to facilitate identiﬁcation of new drug targets for diseases of bone formation and remodeling.
Classroom to Reduce Student Disruptive Behavior: An Action Research 1

Disruptive behavior, considered to hinder teacher ’ s instruction, student ’ s learning, and the classroom environment, is a significant problem faced by teachers daily. With this significance in mind, this study adopted an action research (AR) method to explore the common disruptive behavior that secondary English as a foreign language (EFL) students exhibit in the language classroom, whether or not seating arrangements can help solve this issue and students’ perceptions regarding this type of behavior. A total of 32 students (males = 20, females = 12) with the age range between 12 to 14 from Dechentsemo Central (public) School in Bhutan participated in this study. Data were collected using observation and semi-structured interviews. The overall findings revealed six common types of disruptive behaviors in the language classroom, most of which could be reduced to a certain extent by using seating arrangements as an intervention strategy . Further, the semi-structured interviews data revealed that the present participants acknowledged that disruptive behaviors in the classroom have negative effects on learning and learning outcomes. On the whole, this study built on the previous literature on the importance of frequent change of seating arrangements in the classroom and its positive influence on students' disruptive behaviors in the language classroom.
Kinematics and Basin Formation Along the Ezinepazar-Sungurlu Kinematics and Basin Formation Along the Ezinepazar-Sungurlu Fault Zone, NE Anatolia, Turkey Fault Zone, NE Anatolia, Turkey

: Th e Ezinepazar-Sungurlu Fault (EzSF) is a major off shoot of the dextral North Anatolian Fault (NAF) zone, which bifurcates from the main fault strand around the Niksar pull-apart basin (37°E) and strikes through the Central Anatolian Block for 200 km to the west (34°E). Th e easternmost segment of the EzSF, the Ezinepazar Fault (EzF), which ruptured during the 1939 Erzincan earthquake (Mw= 7.8), has a very remarkable expression as a single-strand fault. Micromammal dating of young sediments along this segment indicate that the EzF was initiated during the Middle Pleistocene (0.7–1 Ma) and propagated westward accumulating 6.5±0.5 km maximum morphological off set. Th e central segment of the EzSF, the Deliçay Fault (DF), is expressed as an en-échelon pattern and controlled the formation of a narrow fault-wedge basin (Aydınca Plain). Th e stepover between the DF and its western continuation, the Geldingen Fault (GF), forms a young pull-apart basin (Geldingen Basin) where the maximum morphological off set is measured at 3.5±1 km. In the westernmost part of the fault zone, the deformation zone widens and the EzSF bifurcates into the Mecitözü (MF) and the Sungurlu faults (SF). Th e MF controlled the deposition of continental clastics, dated as Late Miocene–Early Pliocene by using mammal chronology (MN13-14). Th e Neogene–Quaternary stratigraphy of the basins along the EzSF indicates two phases of faulting-related basin formation. Th e fi rst period took part during the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene; the second phase started with the initiation of the EzF in the east during the Middle Pleistocene. Th e western propagation of the fault caused the reactivation of older tectonic lines as an element of the NAF system. Th e off set distribution measured along the EzSF shows that accumulated long-term slip is not uniform along the fault, as it decreases gradually where the fault becomes distant from the NAF main strand. Th is projection is applicable to present day slip rate distribution along the EzSF, which is shown also by GPS measurements and is therefore important for earthquake hazard estimates for the region.
radiation-based Mössbauer spectroscopy of nickel-based nanoparticles with hexagonal structure

We measured the synchrotron-radiation (SR)-based Mössbauer spectra of Ni-based nanoparticles with a hexagonal structure that were synthesised by chemical reduction. To obtain Mössbauer spectra of the nanoparticles without 61 Ni enrichment, we developed a measurement system for 61 Ni SR-based Mössbauer absorption spectroscopy without X-ray windows between the 61 Ni 84 V 16 standard energy alloy and detector. The counting rate of the 61 Ni nuclear resonant scattering in the system was enhanced by the detection of internal conversion electrons and the close proximity between the energy standard and the detector. The spectrum measured at 4 K revealed the internal magnetic field of the nanoparticles was 3.4 ± 0.9 T, corresponding to a Ni atomic magnetic moment of 0.3 Bohr magneton. This differs from the value of Ni 3 C and the theoretically predicted value of hexagonal-close-packed (hcp)-Ni and suggested the nanoparticle possessed intermediate carbon content between hcp-Ni and Ni 3 C of approximately 10 atomic % of Ni. The improved 61 Ni Mössbauer absorption measurement system is also applicable to various Ni materials without 61 Ni enrichment, such as Ni hydride nanoparticles.
Self-Enforcing International Environmental Agreements and Trade: Taxes Versus Caps

This paper studies within a multi-country model with international trade the stability of international environmental agreements (IEAs) when countries regulate carbon emissions either by taxes or caps. Regardless of whether coalitions play Nash or are Stackelberg leaders the principal message is that the choice of caps or taxes matters. International trade and tax regulation are necessary conditions for the existence of the encompassing self-enforcing IEA, and that the latter is attained the more likely, the less severe the climate damage. Hence, cap regulation is inferior to tax regulation insofar as in case of the former there exist no large and effective self-enforcing IEAs, in particular not the encompassing self-enforcing IEA. Further results are that for the formation of encompassing self-enforcing IEAs it does not matter whether climate coalitions play Nash or are Stackelberg leaders or whether fossil fuel is modeled as a consumer good or an intermediate good.