Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural basis of three dimensions of agitated behaviors in patients with alzheimer disease

Background: Agitated behaviors are frequently observed in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). The neural substrate underlying the agitated behaviors in dementia is unclear. We hypothesized that different dimensions of agitated behaviors are mediated by distinct neural systems. Methods: All the patients (n = 32) underwent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Using the Agitated Behavior in Dementia scale, we identified the relationships between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) patterns and the presence of each of three dimensions of agitated behavior (physically agitated behavior, verbally agitated behavior, and psychosis symptoms) in AD patients. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) software was used to explore these neural correlations. Results: Physically agitated behavior was significantly correlated with lower rCBF values in the right superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann 22) and the right inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann 47). Verbally agitated behavior was significantly associated with lower rCBF values in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann 46, 44) and the left insula (Brodmann 13). The psychosis symptoms were significantly correlated with lower rCBF values in the right angular gyrus (Brodmann 39) and the right occipital lobe (Brodmann 19). Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that three different agitated behaviors may represent distinct neural networks in AD patients.
Diversity-Aware Meta Visual Prompting Supplementary Materials

Here we discuss the shortcomings and the potential social influences of the proposed diversity-aware meta visual prompting (DAM-VP), respectively. For limitations, two aspects of concerns might be raised. First, it is obvious that DAM-VP introduces more visual prompts than VP [1] which trains the universal taskspecific prompt. At the first glance, learning multiple visual prompts on a particular downstream task seems less parameter-efficient during adaption. However, we should argue that the amount of prompts introduced by our method is quite reasonable, e.g., ∼25 for ViT-B-22K averaged on 10 datasets. This amount of extra tunable parameters brought by DAM-VP is less than that is brought by an additional
Targets and Therapy

Objective: To study the indices of some elements of the complete blood count, in type 2 diabetic patients, in comparison with nondiabetic healthy controls; and to find out the effects of glycemic control and different medications on these indices. To the best of our knowledge, this study is novel in our environment and will serve as a foundation for other researchers in this field
QAS-Bench: Rethinking Quantum Architecture Search and A Benchmark

Automatic quantum architecture search (QAS) has been widely studied across disciplines with different implications. In this paper, beyond a particular domain, we formulate the QAS problem into two basic (and relatively even ideal) tasks: i) arbitrary quantum circuit (QC) regeneration given a target QC; ii) approximating an arbitrary unitary (oracle). The latter can be connected to the setting of various quantum machine learning tasks and other QAS applications. Based on these two tasks, we generate a public QAS benchmark including 900 random QCs and 400 random unitary matrices which is still missing in the literature. We evaluate six baseline algorithms including brute force search, simulated annealing, genetic algo-rithm, reinforcement learning, hybrid algorithm, and differentiable algorithm as part of our benchmark. One characteristic of our proposed evaluation protocol on the basic tasks is that it deprives the domain-speciﬁc designs and techniques as used in existing QAS literature, making a uniﬁed evaluation possible and focusing on the vanilla search methods themselves without coupling with domain prior. In fact, the unitary approximation task could be algorithmically more difﬁcult than the speciﬁc problems as it needs to explore the whole matrix space to ﬁt the unitary. While spe-ciﬁc tasks often only need to ﬁt a partial observation of the unitary as the objective for search. Data and code are available at https://github. com/Lucky-Lance/QAS-Bench .
Performance of pop-up satellite archival tags

Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) are used to chronicle or 'archive' the habitat preferences, horizontal and vertical movements, fishery interaction, and post-release mortality rates of a variety of pelagic animals. Though PSATs are valuable research tools, lower-than-expected reporting rates, early detach- ment, and incomplete data return remain problematic. These issues were quantified by analysis of reporting rates, retention times (i.e. the time period PSATs re - mained attached), and the quantity of depth, tempera- ture, and geolocation data returned from 731 PSAT deployments on 19 species in the authors' database and 1433 PSAT deployments on 24 species taken from 53 published articles. The reporting rate of PSATs de - ployed by the authors (0.79, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.82) was not significantly different from the reporting rate calcu- lated from published studies (0.76, 95% CI = 0.74 to 0.78). PSAT reporting rates were lowest in species undertaking large (~1000 m) vertical excursions (logis- tic regression, p = 0.006), and reporting rates have increased significantly over time (p = 0.02), presum- ably because of better PSAT design and construction. Tag retention increased with depth range of the tag - ged species and pop-off latitude (Cox proportional hazards models, p < 0.001), suggesting that pressure (and/or temperature), biofouling, and wound infection at the insertion site of the PSAT's anchoring device influenced this parameter. The quantity of data re - turned by Argos satellites was affected by tag produc- tion year, programmed pop-up period, depth range, and manufacturer. Species-specific reporting rates were used to make recommendations for future PSAT sampling designs.
Analysis of copepod fecal pellet carbon using a high temperature combustion method

Copepod fecal pellet carbon was measured uslng a h ~ g h temperature combust~on (HTC) method that perm~tted the analysis of lndlv~dual pellets Fecal pellets were dl~ectly lnlected Into the HTC system along with e ~ t h e r 50 01 100 v1 of low dissolved olganlc carbon seawater The standard d e v ~ a t ~ o n around seawater blanks was 4 ' 0 of the total organlc carbon content of the fecal pellets In companson the standard devlat~on around blanks for the 'tradltlonal CHN analysls method was 12 to 25% of the fecal pellet carbon Therefore the HTC method offers less uncertainty In the measurement R a p ~ d freezlng of fecal pellets for storage d ~ d not affect the carbon/volume relatlonsh~ps (I e slope or the y-intercept of the reglesslon llne between pellet calbon and volume) At a flxed chlorophyll con-centratlon (0 6 g p1-') ~n a laboratory c u l t u ~ e the carbon/volume ratlo (slope of the regresslon line) was the same regardless of the type oi phytoplankton fed to the copepods The carbon/volume ratlo of the copepod pellets Increased approx~matelv llnedrl~ w ~ t h lncreasrng chlorophyll concentrat~on, lndlcdtlng that changes In food concentrat~on affected the rate of change In carbon per umt volumc of the fecal pellets Thc v-~ntcrcept was not slgnlf~cantly d~fferent from zero for all d ~ e t s In the laboratory s t u d ~ e s T h ~ s result suggests that changlng between dlatom dlets (Phaeodactylum tricornutum 01 Thalassios~ra weissflogi~) and a chlorophvte d ~ e t (Dunaliella tertiolecta) dld not slgnlficantly affect the carbon concentration per unlt volumc wlthln fecal pellets and that the method was adequately correcting for blank errors Copepod fecal pellets were also collected as part of the U S JGOFS A r a b ~ a n Sea study durlng March-April 1995 and were analyzed with the HTC method In the f ~ e l d study, there was a s ~ g n ~ f l c a n t difference In carbon content per u n ~ t volume among the d~fferc,nt pellet colors (food types) These d ~ f-ferences between laboratory and fleld results may b e due e ~ t h e r to zooplankton specles d~fferences or to a heterotroph~c dlet In the field The slope of the …
The Dialectic of Presence and Interpretation in Everyday Aesthetics: Applying Heidegger and Gumbrecht to a Walk in One’s Neighborhood

Gumbrecht’s Heidegger-inspired book, Production of Presence , provides valuable tools for resolving issues in everyday aesthetics. Gumbrecht distinguishes between “presence cultures” and “interpretation cultures. ” (Gumbrecht 2004) We live in an interpretation culture, and yet even in our culture there are presence effects. Gumbrecht understands aesthetic experience in terms of the idea of presence. His paradigms are great works of art and great athletic events, all of which take us away from the everyday. I argue that his theory can be adapted, ironically, to everyday aesthetics, in particular to the experience of taking a walk. Much of what we experience aesthetically while taking a walk is experienced in the mode of silence. But, as Gumbrecht observes, there is an oscillation between presence effects and interpretation effects in aesthetic experience. I see that oscillation as something more like a dialectic. I also bring Plato’s theory of beauty and Danto’s theory of the artworld into this discussion. | Keywords: Heidegger,
Observation of a new particle in the search for the Higgs boson in the two photon decay channel in the ATLAS experiment at the LHC

This thesis presents a search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the diphoton decay channel. It is based on the analysis of proton-proton collisions collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, in 2011 and 2012. The analyzed data correspond to 4.8 fb−1 of integrated luminosity at a center-of-mass energy s√=7 TeV, and 5.9 fb−1 at s√=8 TeV. In the diphoton invariant mass distribution, an excess of events is observed around 125 GeV. The probability to have a positive statistical fluctuation in that distribution equal or larger than the observed excess, anywhere in the explored mass range [110−150 GeV], is 1.6×10−4. This probability corresponds to 3.6 standard deviations. Similar results have been obtained in the searches of the Higgs boson in other decay channels by the ATLAS collaboration, as well as by CMS. These results indicate the existence of a new particle, whose properties are compatible with those of the Standard Model Higgs boson.
Supported employment: assessing the evidence.

OBJECTIVE Supported employment is a direct service with multiple components designed to help adults with mental disorders or co-occurring mental and substance use disorders choose, acquire, and maintain competitive employment. This article describes supported employment and assesses the evidence base for this service. METHODS Authors reviewed meta-analyses, research reviews, and individual studies from 1995 through 2012. Databases surveyed were PubMed, PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts, Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress, the Educational Resources Information Center, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Authors chose from three levels of evidence (high, moderate, and low) based on benchmarks for the number of studies and quality of their methodology. They also described the evidence for service effectiveness. RESULTS The level of research evidence for supported employment was graded as high, based on 12 systematic reviews and 17 randomized controlled trials of the individual placement and support model. Supported employment consistently demonstrated positive outcomes for individuals with mental disorders, including higher rates of competitive employment, fewer days to the first competitive job, more hours and weeks worked, and higher wages. There was also strong evidence supporting the effectiveness of individual elements of the model. CONCLUSIONS Substantial evidence demonstrates the effectiveness of supported employment. Policy makers should consider including it as a covered service. Future research is needed for subgroups such as young adults, older adults, people with primary substance use disorders, and those from various cultural, racial, and ethnic backgrounds.
Significance of California air pollution control regulations for business location decisions. Final report

The study examined the relationship of air quality regulations to business location decision in California. The study found that the primary cause of complaints about air pollution regulations is the complex, slow, and sometimes costly process of getting information about the regulations and obtaining permits. The study also found that compliance with air quality regulations in California imposed a relatively small cost on businesses (0.29 percent of revenues), and was only one of many factors in business location decisions. Further, business relocations were not a significant cause of the downturn of California`s economy and job losses in the early 1990`s.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Supplemented alkaline phosphatase supports the immune response in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: Clinical and computational evidence

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is an enzyme that exhibits anti-inﬂammatory effects by dephosphorylating inﬂammation triggering moieties (ITMs) like bacterial lipopolysaccharides and extracellular nucleotides. AP administration aims to prevent and treat peri- and post-surgical ischemia reperfusion injury in cardiothoracic surgery patients. Recent studies reported that intravenous bolus administration and continuous infusion of AP in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiac valve surgery induce an increased release of liver-type “tissue non-speciﬁc alkaline phosphatase” (TNAP) into the bloodstream. The release of liver-type TNAP into circulation could be the body’s way of strengthening its defense against a massive ischemic insult. However, the underlying mechanism behind the induction of TNAP is still unclear. To obtain a deeper insight into the role of AP during surgery, we developed a mathematical model of systemic inﬂammation that clariﬁes the relation between supplemented AP and TNAP and describes a plausible induction mechanism of TNAP in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. The model was validated against clinical data from patients treated with bovine Intestinal AP (bIAP treatment) or without AP (placebo treatment), in addition to standard care procedures. We performed additional in-silico experiments adding a secondary source of ITMs after surgery, as observed in some patients with complications, and predicted the response to different AP treatment regimens. Our results show a strong protective effect of supplemented AP for patients with complications. The model provides evidence of the existence of an induction mechanism of liver-type tissue non-speciﬁc alkaline phosphatase, triggered by the supplementation of AP in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. To the best of our knowledge this is the ﬁrst time that a quantitative and validated numerical model of systemic inﬂammation under clinical treatment conditions is presented.
Evaluation of the bicycle helmet wearing law in Victoria during its first 12 months

From 1 July 1990, cyclists in Victoria were required by law to wear an approved helmet whilst cycling. Wearing rates for bicyclists in Victoria had risen from 5% in 1982/83 to 31% in 1989/90, and then rose to 75% in 1990/91 following introduction of the helmet wearing law. Surveys conducted in 1990 and 1991 revealed a 36% decrease in cycling by children between the two years, but a comparison of the 1991 survey results for adults with a similar survey in 1987/88 showed that adult bicycle use had increased by 58%. Analysis of bicyclist injury data showed a large reduction (37-51%) in the number of bicyclists killed or admitted to hospital with head injuries during the first 12 months of the law (1990/91). There were, however, also substantial (21-24%) reductions in the number of severely injured bicyclists who did not sustain head injury. Nevertheless, the percentage of severely injured bicyclists who suffered a head injury during the post-law period was significantly below that which would have been expected had pre-law helmet wearing rates continued unchanged. There is an indication that increased helmet wearing in the post-law period has not been as effective in reducing the risk of head injury to crash-involved cyclists as would have been predicted from relationships observed during pre-law years.
A computational model of auditory selective attention

The human auditory system is able to separate acoustic mixtures in order to create a perceptual description of each sound source. It has been proposed that this is achieved by an auditory scene analysis (ASA) in which a mixture of sounds is parsed to give a number of perceptual streams, each of which describes a single sound source. It is widely assumed that ASA is a precursor of attentional mechanisms, which select a stream for attentional focus. However, recent studies suggest that attention plays a key role in the formation of auditory streams. Motivated by these findings, this paper presents a conceptual framework for auditory selective attention in which the formation of groups and streams is heavily influenced by conscious and subconscious attention. This framework is implemented as a computational model comprising a network of neural oscillators, which perform stream segregation on the basis of oscillatory correlation. Within the network, attentional interest is modeled as a Gaussian distribution in frequency. This determines the connection weights between oscillators and the attentional process, which is modeled as an attentional leaky integrator (ALI). Acoustic features are held to be the subject of attention if their oscillatory activity coincides temporally with a peak in the ALI activity. The output of the model is an "attentional stream," which encodes the frequency bands in the attentional focus at each epoch. The model successfully simulates a range of psychophysical phenomena.
Bacterial microbiome of lungs in COPD

: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the third leading cause of death in the world. Although smoking is the main risk factor for this disease, only a minority of smokers develop COPD. Why this happens is largely unknown. Recent discoveries by the human microbiome project have shed new light on the importance and richness of the bacterial microbiota at different body sites in human beings. The microbiota plays a particularly important role in the development and functional integrity of the immune system. Shifts or perturbations in the microbiota can lead to disease. COPD is in part mediated by dysregulated immune responses to cigarette smoke and other environmental insults. Although traditionally the lung has been viewed as a sterile organ, by using highly sensitive genomic techniques, recent reports have identified diverse bacterial communities in the human lung that may change in COPD. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the lung microbiota in COPD and its potential implications for pathogenesis of the disease.
Prognostic Precipitation in the MIROC6‐SPRINTARS GCM: Description and Evaluation Against Satellite Observations

A comprehensive two‐moment microphysics scheme is incorporated into the MIROC6‐SPRINTARS general circulation model (GCM). The new scheme includes prognostic precipitation for both rain and snow and considers their radiative effects. To evaluate the impacts of applying different treatments of precipitation and the associated radiative effect, we perform climate simulations employing both the traditional diagnostic and new prognostic precipitation schemes, the latter also being tested with and without incorporating the radiative effect of snow. The prognostic precipitation, which maintains precipitation in the atmosphere across multiple time steps, models the ratio of accretion to autoconversion as being approximately an order of magnitude higher than that for the diagnostic scheme. Such changes in microphysical process rates tend to reduce the cloud water susceptibility as the autoconversion process is the only pathway through which aerosols can influence rain formation. The resultant anthropogenic aerosol effect is reduced by approximately 21% in the prognostic precipitation scheme. Modifications to the microphysical process rates also change the vertical distribution of hydrometeors in the manner that increases the fractional occurrence of single‐layered warm clouds by 38%. The new scheme mitigates the excess of supercooled liquid water produced by the previous scheme and increases the total mass of ice hydrometeors. Both characteristics are consistent with CloudSat/CALIPSO retrievals. The radiative effect of snow is significant at both longwave and shortwave (6.4 and 5.1 W/m2 in absolute values, respectively) and can alter the precipitation fields via energetic controls on precipitation. These results suggest that the prognostic precipitation scheme, with its radiative effects incorporated, makes an indispensable contribution to improving the reliability of climate modeling.
Performance of Front Line Demonstrations on Maize in Udaipur District

ISOPOM on maize in Udaipur district. Maize is an important staple food of the tribal belt of Udaipur but, however, its productivity is very low in the district i.e.13.96q/ha (2010-11). Front line demonstrations on maize were conducted from seasons Kharif 2010 and 2011 at various farmers’ fields locations under front line demonstration during this period 140 demonstrations were organized of 0.2-0.4 ha /each using short duration improved varieties i.e. Aravalli-1, Pratap-3,Bio 9681 and Bio-9636. Results of the study indicated that improved varieties of maize resulted in high yield (30.75q/ha) which was 69.70 per cent higher over local control. Among improved varieties Bio9636 yielded highest yield of 46.00q/ha which was followed by Bio-9681,Pratap-3 and 1 and Arvalli.Looking to the better performance of Front Line Demonstration, farmers of the region were satisfied with improved varieties and technology
A Kernelized Stein Discrepancy for Biological Sequences

Generative models of biological sequences are a powerful tool for learning from complex sequence data, predicting the effects of mutations, and designing novel biomolecules with desired properties. To evaluate generative models it is important to accurately measure differences between high-dimensional distributions. In this paper we propose the “KSD-B”, a novel divergence measure for distributions over biological sequences that is based on the kernelized Stein discrepancy (KSD). The KSD-B can be evaluated even when the normalizing constant of the model is unknown; it allows for variable length sequences and can take into account biological notions of sequence distance. Unlike previous KSDs over discrete spaces the KSD-B (a) is theoretically guaranteed to detect convergence and non-convergence of distributions over sequence space and (b) can be efficiently estimated in practice. We demonstrate the advantages of the KSD-B on problems with synthetic and real data, and apply it to measure the fit of state-of-the-art machine learning models. Overall, the KSD-B enables rigorous evaluation of generative biological sequence models, allowing the accuracy of models, sampling procedures, and library designs to be checked reliably.