Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Public Transfer Income on Catastrophic Health Expenditures for Households With Disabilities in Korea

Objectives Previous studies have reported that people with disabilities are more likely to be impoverished and affected by excessive medical costs than people without disabilities. Public transfer income (PTI) reduces financial strain in low-income households. This study examined the impact of PTI on catastrophic health expenditures (CHE), focusing on low-income households and households with Medical Aid beneficiaries that contained people with disabilities. Methods We constructed a panel dataset by extracting data on registered households with disabilities from the Korea Welfare Panel Study 2012-2019. We then used a generalized estimating equation model to estimate the impacts of PTI on CHE. A subgroup analysis was carried out to assess the moderating effects of family income levels and health insurance types. Results As PTI increased, the odds ratio (OR) of CHE in households that contained people with disabilities decreased significantly (OR, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 0.94; p<0.001). In particular, PTI effectively reduced the likelihood of CHE for low-income households (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.89; p<0.001) and those who received medical benefits (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.89; p<0.001). Conclusions This study highlights the positive effect of PTI on decreasing CHE. Household income and the health insurance type were significant effect modifiers, but economic barriers seemed to persist among low-income households with non-Medical Aid beneficiaries. Federal policies or programs should consider increasing the total amount of PTI targeting low-income households with disabilities that are not covered by the Medical Aid program.
Structure of the Reynolds Stress in a Canopy Layer

Abstract The u, w velocity covariance above and within a plant canopy (Zea mays L) was examined using the technique of quadrant analysis to separate the momentum transport into events classified as sweep, ejection, and outward and inward interactions. A hyperbolic hole of variable size acted as an excluded region in the u, w domain to asses the relative importance of short-lived events of large magnitude. The results of the analysis were a reasonably close match to rough-wall wind tunnel studies but differed in some respects from a similar experiment performed elsewhere in a flexible wheat canopy. Generally, sweeps exceeded ejections in their contribution to the Reynolds stress, especially at mid-canopy, while the interaction events were of minor importance. Sweeps that were large in magnitude relative to the time-averaged stress were evident at all levels and were intermittent in character. Compared with the layers above, the effect of the canopy was to increase the dominance of sweeps over ejections and.
Improving performance of saturation‐based PID controllers for rigid robots

In this paper we concerned with PID controllers for rigid robots whose integral term is driven by a saturation function. We introduce a new tuning procedure with particular conditions that have to be satisfied at each joint. We found that this novel approach relaxes Tomei's condition on the proportional gains which also relaxes conditions on integral gains. We show, through simulations, that important performance improvement is achieved with respect to previous tuning procedures.
Pressure limits for the vacuum arc deposition technique

Observations of the cathodic copper plasma expansion at low pressures of He, Ar, and SF/sub 6/ showed that, for background gas mass densities of rho /sub g/=1 to 4*10/sup -4/ kg/m/sup 3/ and higher, the plasma and gas are separated into two volumes. A shock wave acts as a boundary between the two volumes. The boundary attains a stationary position once its expansion velocity decreases to the velocity of sound in the background gas. This position corresponds to a distance R/sub c/ to the cathode that agrees with a snowplow expansion model, giving R/sub c//sup beta /f=E/sub r/, where f is a function of the arc current and background gas characteristics, E/sub r/ is the erosion rate of the cathode, and beta varies between 2.1 and 2.5. The interaction model is based on kinetic energy exchanges between two gas-like volumes without other energy losses. A maximum pressure limit for vacuum arc deposition is set for rho /sub g//I=2 to 9*10/sup -6/ kg/m/sup 3/ A. >
Deconvolution of Sources in Aeroacoustic Images from Phased Microphone Arrays Using Linear Programming

A new deconvolution strategy for aeroacoustic beamforming based on linear programming (LP) is introduced. Results of an aeroacoustic test show that it produces virtually the same results as DAMAS in much less time. DAMAS, DAMAS2 and LP display superresolution, which is expressed in terms of the Sparrow resolution limit from optics. CLEAN-SC and TIDY did not achieve superresolution in the test, but did produce higher dynamic range than DAMAS and LP at high frequency.
Impact of Various Dietary Protein Levels on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Profile, and Digestive Enzymes Activities to Provide an Effective Diet for Striped Catfish (Pangasius Hypophthalmus)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary protein levels on digestive enzyme activities, nutrient assimilation as well as growth performance in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Fish were fed with four semi-purified formulated diets with increasing levels of protein: 30% (CP30), 35% (CP35), 40% (CP40) and 45% (CP45) for 12 weeks. At the end of the feed trial, the highest weight gain (29.88 g fish-1), specific growth rate (3.58%) and lower feed conversion ratio (1.91) were observed in fish that were fed with a 40% protein diet while CP30 treatment group had the poorest growth performance indicators (P<0.05). Proximate analysis revealed that fish fed with either CP40 (18.50%) or CP45 (19.33%) diets had the highest protein content in comparison to that fed CP30 (17.13%) and CP35 (17.00%) diets. Similarly, the highest body lipid content was CP35 (4.20%) treatment group and the lowest in CP40 (3.83%). The amino acid in the harvested fillets was also significantly higher (P<0.05) in both CP40 and CP45 dietary treatments. The increasing dietary protein level also elevated both protease and amylase activity, while lipase activity significantly decreased (P<0.05). The study revealed that a 40 % protein level diet produced from regional ingredients in the Middle East had yielded optimal growth performance and higher muscle quality in striped catfish.
Association between Periodontal Condition and Fat Distribution in Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Check-Up Data

Some studies have reported a significant association between periodontal condition and obesity status. We hypothesized that visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) volumes might be correlated with periodontal condition. The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between periodontal condition and fat distribution in Japanese adults. A total of 158 participants, aged 35–74 years, underwent a health check-up including fat distribution and oral examinations. All of the participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging to quantify VFA and SFA. Periodontal condition was evaluated using the periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level. The VFA volumes differed among the PPD score and clinical attachment level (CAL) code groups. On the other hand, no significant differences in SFA volume were observed among different periodontal conditions. Multiple regression analysis showed that VFA was positively correlated with a greater CAL (standardized coefficient β = 0.123, p = 0.009), but not with a greater PPD score. A larger VFA was positively associated with a greater CAL in Japanese adults, whereas no association was found between SFA and periodontal condition.
Elastic Scattering Measurement of the Negative Pion Radius

A new measurement of the elastic scattering of 250-GeV/c negative pions by electrons provides form-factor results from 0.0368 = 0.439 +- 0.030 fm/sup 2/ or /sup 1/2/ = 0.663 +- 0.023 fm. Comparisons are made with previous elastic-scattering experiments as well as with results obtained from electroproduction experiments, e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation experiments, and phenomenological analyses.
Filtering Efficiency of Sustainable Textile Materials Applied in Personal Protective Face Mask Production during Pandemic

The COVID-19 outbreak increased demand for personal protective respirator masks. Textile masks based on cloth materials appeared to be a sustainable, comfortable, and cost-effective alternative available in global communities. In this study, we used laser-based particle counting for mask material qualification to determine the concentration filtering efficiency in general, everyday community use. The efficiencies of eleven different commercially available textile materials were measured in single-, double-, and triple-layer configurations according to their grammage, mesh (XY), and inter-yarn gap. It was found that in the single-layer configurations, most materials were well below the acceptable standards, with a wide variation in filtering efficiency, which ranged from 5% to ~50%. However, when testing the fabrics in two or three layers, the efficiency increased significantly, exceeding or approaching the standard for medical masks. Three layers of natural silk was able to produce a level of filtration efficiency of 84.68%. Two-layered natural silk achieved 70.98%, cotton twill achieved 75.6%, and satin-weave viscose achieved 69.77%. Further options can also be considered in cases where lower filtration is acceptable It was statistically shown that applying a second layer was more significant in terms of overall filtering than increasing the layer count to three. However, layer stacking limited the breathability. The paper presents measurement-based qualitative and quantitative recommendations for future textile applications in face mask manufacturing.
CO J = 6-5 Observations of TW Hydrae with the Submillimeter Array

We present the first images of the 691.473 GHz CO J = 6-5 line in a protoplanetary disk, obtained along with the 690 GHz dust continuum, toward the classical T Tauri star TW Hya, using the Submillimeter Array. Imaging in the CO J = 6-5 line reveals a rotating disk, consistent with previous observations of CO J = 3-2 and 2-1 lines. Using an irradiated accretion disk model and two-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer, we find that additional surface heating is needed to simultaneously fit the absolute and relative intensities of the CO J = 6-5, 3-2, and 2-1 lines. In particular, the vertical gas temperature gradient in the disk must be steeper than that of the dust, mostly likely because the CO emission lines probe nearer to the surface of the disk. We have used an idealized X-ray heating model to fit the line profiles of CO J = 2-1 and 3-2 with χ2 analysis, and the prediction of this model yields CO J = 6-5 emission consistent with the observations.
Helicobacter pylori Infection: Current Status and Future Prospects on Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Control Challenges

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, which affects approximately half of the world’s population, remains a serious public health problem. As H. pylori infection leads to a number of gastric pathologies, including inflammation, gastroduodenal ulcers, and malignancies, early detection and treatment are crucial to preventing the spread of the infection. Multiple extragastric complications, such as iron deficiency anaemia, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, vitamin B12 deficiency, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and certain neurological disorders, have also been linked to H. pylori infection. An awareness of H. pylori and associated health hazards is necessary to minimize or even eradicate the infection. Therefore, there is an urgent need to raise the standards for the currently employed diagnostic, eradication, alternative treatment strategies. In addition, a brief overview of traditional and cutting-edge approaches that have proven effective in identifying and managing H. pylori is needed. Based on the test and laboratory equipment available and patient clinical characteristics, the optimal diagnostic approach requires weighing several factors. The pathophysiology and pathogenic mechanisms of H. pylori should also be studied, focusing more on the infection-causing virulence factors of this bacterium. Accordingly, this review aims to demonstrate the various diagnostic, pathophysiological, therapeutic, and eradication tactics available for H. pylori, emphasizing both their advantages and disadvantages. Invasive methods (such as quick urease testing, biopsy, or culture) or noninvasive methods (such as breath tests, stool investigations, or serological tests) can be used. We also present the most recent worldwide recommendations along with scientific evidence for treating H. pylori. In addition to the current antibiotic regimens, alternative therapies may also be considered. It is imperative to eradicate the infections caused by H. pylori as soon as possible to prevent problems and the development of stomach cancer. In conclusion, significant advances have been made in identifying and treating H. pylori. To improve eradication rates, peptide mass fingerprinting can be used as a diagnostic tool, and vaccines can also eliminate the infection.
On the Maximal Size of Chondrules in Shock Wave Heating Model

The shock wave heating model is one of the possible mechanisms that could form chondrules. Recently, it is suggested that the shock wave heating model can explain some chondrule features including the maximum temperature and cooling rates. Here we show that another two chondrule features, characteristic size and rotation rates, can be explained naturally, in the framework of the shock wave heating model. The sizes of chondrules are bounded by the balance between the surface tension and the ram pressure on a molten droplet. The acceptable upper bound is acrit ≃ 1 mm. Moreover, when a chondrule forms through the disruption of a larger droplet, it acquires a spin of the order of ω ≃ 1 × 103 rad s-1. Both features are consistent with observations.
The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Review of the Literature

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and post-menopausal women. PCOS is a multifactorial heterogeneous disorder associated with a variety of etiologies, outcomes, and clinical manifestations. However, the pathophysiology of PCOS is still unclear. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have recently been investigated for their role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. HSPs are a class of proteins that act as molecular chaperones and maintain cellular proteostasis. More recently, their actions beyond that of molecular chaperones have highlighted their pathogenic role in several diseases. In PCOS, different HSP family members show abnormal expression that affects the proliferation and apoptotic rates of ovarian cells as well as immunological processes. HSP dysregulation in the ovaries of PCOS subjects leads to a proliferation/apoptosis imbalance that mechanistically impacts follicle stage development, resulting in polycystic ovaries. Moreover, HSPs may play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS-associated conditions. Recent studies on HSP activity during therapeutic interventions for PCOS suggest that modulating HSP activity may lead to novel treatment strategies. In this review, we summarize what is currently known regarding the role of HSPs in the pathogenesis of PCOS and their potential role in the treatment of PCOS, and we outline areas for future research.
Factors Associated with Prenatal Health Behaviors among Low-Income, Ethnic Minority Women

Less than one-third of pregnant women in the U.S. meet prenatal nutrition, exercise, and stress management health behavior guidelines. Low rates of these prenatal health behaviors have been especially observed among low-income, ethnic minority women, placing them and their infants at a disproportionally higher risk for health complications. Yet, few studies have identified factors associated with these prenatal health behaviors in this population. This study examined whether certain demographic (e.g., ethnicity) and psychosocial characteristics (i.e., coping, stress, pregnancy-specific stress, and depression) were associated with prenatal nutrition (i.e., high-fat food and fruit and vegetable intake), exercise, and stress management health behaviors in 100 low-income, pregnant women (39% African American, 30% foreign-born Latinas, 15% U.S.-born Latinas, 10% non-Hispanic white, and 6% Asian American/Pacific Islander) in southern California using an embedded, mixed-methods, cross-sectional design. Results demonstrated that ethnic minority women who experienced more stress and used more maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., avoidance) were particularly at risk of consuming more high-fat foods and engaging in less exercise and stress management during pregnancy. Qualitative responses revealed women’s experiences with these prenatal health behaviors. These findings highlight the need for interventions and collaborative care models that target psychosocial factors in order to optimize prenatal health behaviors and health outcomes among ethnic minority women.
Surface composition of the largest dwarf planet 136199 Eris (2003 UB313)

Aims. The surface composition of the largest TNO, the dwarf planet 136199 Eris, is studied and compared to Pluto’s. Methods. High signal-to-noise visible and near-infrared reflectance spectra were obtained at the TNG and ESO-VLT observatories. The nature and properties of the compounds present on the surface of Eris are investigated by applying Hapke and Shkuratov radiative transfer models to our spectra. Results. The surface of Eris can be modeled using two areas of distinct composition: about 50% appears to be covered with pure methane ice, while the rest of its surface would be made of an intimate mixture of methane, nitrogen and water ices, and ice tholin. The use of nitrogen in our model is shown to improve significantly the data fit, in particular for high surface albedo values. The icy grains are found to be large, from sub-mm to a few tens of mm in size.
Mindstorms or a storm in a teacup? A review of research with Logo

The computer programming language Logo, was developed by Papert with the worthy ideal that it would allow children to engage in learning with computers in an active and meaningful way. The most widely used aspect of Logo for elementary school children, is turtle graphics. Papert claimed that the potential of Logo as a learning environment challenges traditional views of learning and education and offers an illustration of how the turtle can be used as an object to think with. Research with children engaged turtle projects and tasks have abounded for more than a decade and have generated a considerable amount of discussion and controversy. This article reviews research with Logo from the early descriptive studies, the potential of Logo to act as a mathematical environment, to those that focused on the cognitive and social outcomes of using Logo with children. It highlights the conflicting nature of the results but suggests that the use of Logo may afford opportunities for children to explore mathematical i.
Detection of wave breaking using sea surface video records

The method of wind wave breaking detection using video data is proposed. The method is based on physical prerequisites and statistical properties of the studied phenomenon. The data processing algorithm that maximally eliminates human influence is developed. Preliminary results of data processing for two experimental field campaigns are presented. The method proposed provides an approach for the evaluation and analysis of event statistics for individual whitecaps, including their velocity vector. Methodology is aimed at wave breaking measurements in field conditions.
Diagnosing Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Requires Documentation of a Causative mtDNA Variant

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β2-microglobulin alters the profiles of inflammatory cytokines and of matrix metalloprotease in macrophages derived from the osteoarthritic synovium

Several studies have implicated β2-microglobulin (B2M) in osteoarthritis (OA) pathology. Of the main constituents of synovial tissue, synovial fibroblasts and macrophages, the latter play a pivotal role in inflammation. Although several studies have investigated the effects of B2M on synovial fibroblasts, few have examined the impact on synovial macrophages. Here, we investigated the effect of B2M on the expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in synovial macrophages. Synovial macrophages were isolated from the osteoarthritic synovium using an anti-CD14 anti- body and magnetic isolation system. Synovial macrophages were stimulated with B2M for 6 and 24 h. Following stimulation, cell surface marker (CD80, CD163, CD206), cytokine [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)] and matrix metalloprotease (MMP; MMP-9 and MMP-13) genes were evaluated by real-time PCR. Additionally, cytokine concentrations in cell culture supernatant were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). B2M significantly increased CD80 and decreased CD163 expression. In addition, B2M stimulation increased inflammatory cytokines at both the mRNA and protein levels. While B2M likewise elevated MMP-13 levels, there was no difference in MMP-9 expression between vehicle and B2M-treated cells. B2M increased M1 macrophage marker, inflammatory cytokine, and MMP-13 expression in synovial macrophages. B2M-related activation of synovial macrophages may thus be associated with OA pathology.