Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association Between Virtual Care Use and Same-Day Primary Care Access in VA Primary Care-Mental Health Integration

Introduction: Same-day referrals from primary care to mental health increase subsequent mental health treatment engagement. VA Primary Care-Mental Health Integration (PC-MHI) clinics offer integrated mental health services embedded in primary care clinics, providing a key entry point to mental health care. Although telehealth use expanded rapidly after the onset of COVID-19, the impact of telehealth on same-day primary care access among new PC-MHI mental health patients is unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we examined associations between telehealth use and same-day primary care access in VA PC-MHI. Methods: We examined electronic health record data to identify same-day primary care appointments among PC-MHI patients who initiated care during 3/1/2018 to 10/29/2021. We used logistic regression analyses to evaluate the effect of telehealth on same-day primary care access. Time, demographic characteristics, mental health diagnoses (PTSD and depression), and substance use disorder diagnosis were evaluated as covariates. Results: New PC-MHI patients who were seen via telehealth were less likely to receive same-day primary care access than patients seen in person (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.41-0.71; P < .001). Conclusions: Despite the potential advantages of using telehealth to increase access, VA patients with an initial PC-MHI visit via telehealth were less likely than patients seen in person to be referred from primary care. Telehealth may adversely affect primary care referrals to mental health services, an outcome that could ultimately reduce specialty mental health care continuity. There is an urgent need to identify strategies to facilitate PC-MHI care coordination in the telehealth context.
A spectral-envelope synthesis model to study perceptual blend between wind instruments

Wind instrument sounds can be shown to be characterized by pitch-invariant spectral maxima or formants. An acoustical signal analysis approach is pursued to obtain global spectral envelope descriptions that reveal these pitch-invariant spectral traits. Spectral envelopes are estimated empirically by applying a curve-ﬁtting procedure to a composite distribution of partial tone frequencies and amplitudes obtained for all available pitches of an instrument. A source-filter synthesis model is designed based on two independently controllable formant filters with their frequency responses matched to the spectral envelope estimates. This is then used in a perceptual experiment in which parameter variations of the synthesis filter are manipulated systematically to investigate their contribution to the degree of perceived blend between the synthesized sound and a recorded instrument sound. The perceptual relevance is assessed through two tasks in which participants either produce the best attainable blend by controlling synthesis parameters or rate the degree of blend for 4 parameter presets. Behavioral data obtained from both experiments investigating common wind instruments across a representative set of pitches suggest the utility of this formant-based model for correlating acoustical description and perceptual relevance, as both formant frequency and magnitude appear to affect perceived blend.
Predictive Factors of Extubation Failure in COVID-19 Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Purpose: We investigated whether COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) had a different extubation outcome compared to non-COVID-19 patients while identifying predictive factors of extubation failure in the former. Methods: A retrospective, single-center, and observational study was done on 216 COVID-19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) between March 2020 and March 2021, aged ≥ 18 years, in use of invasive MV for more than 24 h, which progressed to weaning. The primary outcome that was evaluated was extubation failure during ICU stay. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the association of patient characteristics with extubation outcome, and a Poisson regression model determined the predictive value. Results: Seventy-seven patients were extubated; the mean age was 57.2 years, 52.5% were male, and their mean APACHE II score at admission was 17.8. On average, MV duration until extubation was 8.7 ± 3.7 days, with 14.9 ± 10.1 days of ICU stay and 24.6 ± 14.0 days with COVID-19 symptoms. The rate of extubation failure (ie, the patient had to be reintubated during their ICU stay) was 22.1% (n = 17), while extubation was successful in 77.9% (n = 60) of cases. Failure was observed in only 7.8% of cases when evaluated 48 hours after extubation. The mean reintubation time was 4.28 days. After adjusting the analysis for age, sex, during of symptoms, days under MV, dialysis, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio, some parameters independently predicted extubation failure: age ≥ 66 years (APR = 5.12 [1.35-19.46]; p = 0.016), ≥ 31 days of symptoms (APR = 5.45 [0.48-62.19]; p = 0.016), and need for dialysis (APR = 5.10 [2.00-13.00]; p = 0.001), while a PaO2/FiO2 ratio >300 decreased the probability of extubation failure (APR = 0.14 [0.04-0.55]; p = 0.005). The presence of three predictors (ie, age ≥ 66 years, time of symptoms ≥ 31 days, need of dialysis, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 200) increased the risk of extubation failure by a factor of 23.0 (95% CI, 3.34-158.5). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients had an extubation failure risk that was almost three times higher than non-COVID-19 patients, with the extubation of the former being delayed compared to the latter. Furthermore, an age ≥ 66 years, time of symptoms ≥ 31 days, need of dialysis, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio > 200 were independent predictors for extubation failure, and the presence of three of these characteristics increased the risk of failure by a factor of 23.0.
Dose- and Volume-Limiting Late Toxicity of FLASH Radiotherapy in Cats with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasal Planum and in Mini Pigs

Abstract Purpose: The FLASH effect is characterized by normal tissue sparing without compromising tumor control. Although demonstrated in various preclinical models, safe translation of FLASH-radiotherapy stands to benefit from larger vertebrate animal models. Based on prior results, we designed a randomized phase III trial to investigate the FLASH effect in cat patients with spontaneous tumors. In parallel, the sparing capacity of FLASH-radiotherapy was studied on mini pigs by using large field irradiation. Experimental Design: Cats with T1-T2, N0 carcinomas of the nasal planum were randomly assigned to two arms of electron irradiation: arm 1 was the standard of care (SoC) and used 10 × 4.8 Gy (90% isodose); arm 2 used 1 × 30 Gy (90% isodose) FLASH. Mini pigs were irradiated using applicators of increasing size and a single surface dose of 31 Gy FLASH. Results: In cats, acute side effects were mild and similar in both arms. The trial was prematurely interrupted due to maxillary bone necrosis, which occurred 9 to 15 months after radiotherapy in 3 of 7 cats treated with FLASH-radiotherapy (43%), as compared with 0 of 9 cats treated with SoC. All cats were tumor-free at 1 year in both arms, with one cat progressing later in each arm. In pigs, no acute toxicity was recorded, but severe late skin necrosis occurred in a volume-dependent manner (7–9 months), which later resolved. Conclusions: The reported outcomes point to the caveats of translating single-high-dose FLASH-radiotherapy and emphasizes the need for caution and further investigations. See related commentary by Maity and Koumenis, p. 3636
Developing Force Control Scenarios on ABB IRB 4600 with Camera Capture of Dynamic Motions

Finishing processes are among the earliest applications of industrial robots. Therefore, machining with the help of robot technology is widely used in industries today. The potential of increasing the efficiency and developing new complex tasks is still existing. This thesis investigate the scenarios by comparing the position of the end effector to a highly precise camera system. Thus, the physical behavior of the robot is always known compared to robot measurements itself. The research is focused on two cases, which is the motion in free space and the motions while in contact with an object using Force Control (FC). Motions in free space are examined because it is desired to see the behavior of the end effector while no physical forces is applied. Afterwards we can compare if there exists similarities with the motions for a FC scenario. The FC scenario consist of a path while in contact with a leveled and planar metal object. For the FC implementation, it was applied 1 to 50 Newton force towards a leveled object. The robot performed with a displacement for the end effector on the robot side up to 240 μm. The camera system measured the physical motion and revealed that each run between 1 and 50 Newton follows the same path, without displacement. In the FC procedure, it was found through experimentation oscillations of 0.14 Hz along the path. These oscillations are existing for every FC scenario in this thesis. The oscillations should be compensated by a controller, which remains as future work. A suggestion is presented in the thesis which is about changing the velocity along the FC procedure from a constant c to a variable h(x) as step based or as a polynomial. When a controller is developed, the research is one step closer for developing a quality strong product for a machining process by an industrial robot.
Moving freight on public transit: Best practices, challenges, and opportunities

ABSTRACT Freight on Transit (FOT) refers to an operational strategy where public transit vehicles and/or infrastructure are used to move freight. Examples include moving goods alongside passengers on buses, attaching cargo trailers to transit vehicles, and operating freight vehicles between trains on subway lines. This paper describes the methods and results of a three-round Delphi study engaging 34 transportation experts to explore challenges and opportunities of FOT and to conceptualize and evaluate potential FOT operations in Toronto. Traditional Delphi methods were used for the exploration of FOT challenges and opportunities, and a modified approach was formulated to integrate experts' opinions and develop new FOT concepts for Toronto. The results support previous claims that technical challenges of FOT may be easier to overcome than institutional barriers. Evaluation of potential FOT operating strategies in Toronto suggests that while the current public transit network does not have capacity to support additional movements, there may be realistic opportunities to include freight service in future projects as a means of offsetting operating costs and reducing the impacts of goods movements.
The horse racing industry in Canada: current status and prospects

ABSTRACT Horse racing in Canada is an important industry from an economic and leisure perspective; however, in recent years, little research has been done into the attitudes of industry stakeholders. In this study, we conducted a self-administered survey (n = 526) with Canadian horse owners, breeders, trainers, drivers, officials, and operators about the state of the industry. Data were collected on the industry’s current status, investment priorities and challenges, and on how to improve the spectator experience. The results point to some difference among provinces. There was stakeholder convergence about the current situation and the urgent actions required to address the challenges faced by this industry. In order to revitalize the horse racing industry, a holistic and multifaceted approach is recommended to reawaken interest among stakeholders and customers, to encourage financial reinvestment, and to implement new communication and promotional strategies.
Displacement/Length Scaling Relationships for Normal Faults; a Review, Critique, and Revised Compilation

The relationship between normal fault displacement (D) and length (L) varies due to numerous factors, including fault size, maturity, basin tectonic history, and host rock lithology. Understanding how fault D and L relate is useful, given related scaling laws are often used to help refine interpretations of often incomplete, subsurface datasets, which has implications for hydrocarbon and low-carbon energy applications. Here we provide a review of D/L scaling laws for normal faults, discuss factors that could influence these relationships, including both geological factors and errors in measurement, and provide a critique of previously published D/L databases. We then present our newly assembled database of 4059 normal faults from 66 sources that include explicit information on: 1) fault length and displacement, 2) host rock lithology, 3) host basin tectonic history, and 4) maturity, as well as fault D and L through time when these data are available. We find an overall scaling law of D = 0.3L 0.92, which is similar to previously published scaling equations and that varies in response to the aforementioned geological factors. Our data show that small faults (<1 m length) tend to be over-displaced compared to larger faults, active faults tend to be over-displaced compared to inactive faults, and faults with stiffer host rock lithologies, like igneous and carbonate rocks, tend to be under-displaced with respect to faults within softer, more compliant host rocks, like clastic sedimentary rocks. Our dynamic D/L through time data show that faults follow the hybrid fault growth model, i.e., they initially lengthen, during which time they will appear under-displaced, before accumulating displacement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive, integrated, critical study of D/L scaling laws for normal faults and the factors influencing their growth. These revised relationships can now be utilized for predicting fault length or displacement when only one variable is available and provide the basis for general understanding D/L scaling laws in the context of normal fault growth. This underpinning database is open-access and is available for analysis and manipulation by the broader structural geology community.
Effect of Ingestion on Temperature of Turbine Discs

This paper describes experimental results from a research facility which experimentally models hot-gas ingress into the wheel-space of an axial turbine stage with an axial-clearance rim seal. Thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) was used to determine the effect of ingestion on heat transfer to the rotating disc; as far as the authors are aware, this is the first time that the measured effects of ingestion on adiabatic temperature have been published. An adiabatic effectiveness for the rotor was defined, and this definition was used to determine when the effect of ingress was first experienced by the rotor. Concentration measurements on the stator were used to determine the sealing effectiveness of the rim seal, and transient heat transfer tests with heated sealing air were used to determine the adiabatic effectiveness of the rotor. The thermal buffer ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the sealing flow rate when ingress first occurs to that when it is first experienced by the rotor, was shown to depend on the turbulent flow parameter. The local Nusselt numbers, Nu, which were measured on the rotor, were significantly smaller than those for a free disc; they decreased as the sealing flow rate decreased and as the ingress correspondingly increased. The values of Nu and adiabatic effectiveness obtained in these experiments provide data for the validation of CFD codes but caution is needed if they (particularly the values of Nu) are to be extrapolated to engine conditions.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Classification of human chronic inflammatory skin disease based on single-cell immune profiling

Inflammatory conditions represent the largest class of chronic skin disease, but the molecular dysregulation underlying many individual cases remains unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has increased precision in dissecting the complex mixture of immune and stromal cell perturbations in inflammatory skin disease states. We single-cell–profiled CD45+ immune cell transcriptomes from skin samples of 31 patients (7 atopic dermatitis, 8 psoriasis vulgaris, 2 lichen planus (LP), 1 bullous pemphigoid (BP), 6 clinical/histopathologically indeterminate rashes, and 7 healthy controls). Our data revealed active proliferative expansion of the Treg and Trm components and universal T cell exhaustion in human rashes, with a relative attenuation of antigen-presenting cells. Skin-resident memory T cells showed the greatest transcriptional dysregulation in both atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, whereas atopic dermatitis also demonstrated recurrent abnormalities in ILC and CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes. Transcript signatures differentiating these rash types included genes previously implicated in T helper cell (TH2)/TH17 diatheses, segregated in unbiased functional networks, and accurately identified disease class in untrained validation data sets. These gene signatures were able to classify clinicopathologically ambiguous rashes with diagnoses consistent with therapeutic response. Thus, we have defined major classes of human inflammatory skin disease at the molecular level and described a quantitative method to classify indeterminate instances of pathologic inflammation. To make this approach accessible to the scientific community, we created a proof-of-principle web interface (RashX), where scientists and clinicians can visualize their patient-level rash scRNA-seq–derived data in the context of our TH2/TH17 transcriptional framework. Description scRNA-seq of immune cells can distinguish different inflammatory skin diseases and classify indeterminate rashes. Gene interface tool to identify your rash Many chronic skin conditions are caused by imbalances in the immune milieu of the environment, yet many of these changes remain under characterized. Here, Liu and Wang et al. used single-cell profiling of immune cells from skin samples of atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis vulgaris (PV), and healthy controls to profile the immune signatures of the different diseases. They found that AD and PV samples had distinct T cell resident memory, innate lymphoid cell, and CD8+ T cell gene signatures that could be validated in an external dataset. Using these signatures, they created a tool that could classify previously clinicopathologically indeterminate rash samples. This tool is now available as a web resource (RashX) for anyone to use to help further classify skin rashes.
Linguistic Complexity and Planning Effects on Word Duration in Hindi Read Aloud Speech

Our study investigates the impact of linguistic complexity and planning on word durations in Hindi read aloud speech. Reading aloud involves both comprehension and production processes, and we use measures defined by two influential theories of sentence comprehension, Surprisal Theory and Dependency Locality Theory , to model the time taken to enunciate individual words. We model planning processes using an information-theoretic measure we call FORWARD SURPRISAL , inspired by surprisal theory which has been prominent in recent psy-cholinguistic work. Forward surprisal aims to capture articulatory planning when readers incorporate parafoveal viewing during reading aloud. Using a Linear Mixed Model containing memory and surprisal costs as predictors of word duration in read aloud speech (parts-of-speech and speakers being intercept terms), we investigate the following hypotheses: 1. High values of linguistic complexity measures (lex-ical+PCFG surprisal and DLT memory costs) lead to high word durations. 2. High values of forward lexical surprisal tend to induce high word durations. 3. High-frequency words are read aloud faster than low-frequency words. We validate the above hypotheses using data from the TDIL corpus of read aloud speech. Further, using a Generalized Linear Model to predict content and function word labels we show that lexical surprisal measures do not help distinguish between these 2 classes. Thus reading aloud might not involve distinct access strategies for content and function words, unlike spontaneous speech.
Creativity as a Racializing and Ableizing Scientific Object: Disentangling the Democratic Impulse From Justice-Oriented Futures

In this review of literature, we attend to some of the ways that well-intentioned hopes for fostering creativity and encouraging greater inclusion may also rely on problematic premises that work to reify exclusionary logics and practices. More specifically, we historicize and critically examine how creativity studies—often despite explicit efforts to broaden notions of creativity, include marginalized populations, and democratize education—have differently reanimated racializing and ableizing discourses over seven decades of efforts to scientifically study, define, and/or cultivate creativity. In our emphasis on the relationship between past and present designs, we attend to more pernicious tensions and concerns that continue to hold implications for scholarship, research, policy, and practice.
I Knew It, the World is Falling Apart! Combatting a Confirmatory Negativity Bias in Audiences’ News Selection Through News Media Literacy Interventions

Abstract Do people with a more pessimistic worldview also select more like-minded news that confirms their negative—sometimes irrational—outlook on reality? This study theorizes that, based on the negativity and confirmation biases in audience digital news selection, a pessimistic outlook increases the likelihood of self-selection of more negative and episodic headlines over positive and thematic news. In a next step, news media literacy (NML) literature is consulted to explore how to counter this tendency to, via news selection, confirm an overly negative and distorted worldview. A selective-exposure experiment (N = 612) monitored participants’ self-selection of crime news after exposure to NML interventions. Findings show that those participants who hold a more pessimistic outlook on crime in society tend to confirm this worldview by self-selecting into more negative crime news. Exposure to NML interventions concerning negativity bias or clickbait was found to mitigate this negativity bias in news selection, especially for those who already hold a pessimistic outlook. This study is the first to document that NML interventions can potentially have merits as a tool to combat negativity bias in online news selection.
“Everyone Needs to Be Cared For”: Exploring Care from the Perspective of Prison Officers Working with Young Adult Offenders

ABSTRACT The purpose of the current study was to explore the care related experiences of prison officers working on an Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway service, located within a prison for young adults. Due to the exploratory nature of the study, a qualitative, grounded theory approach was utilized. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve officers. The data were analyzed in accordance with constructionist grounded theory methodology. The results identified the core category of relationships and two additional categories: impact of caring and development of officers’ caring approach. These categories were integrated into a model of care. Officers reported caring to be both rewarding and challenging. They expressed beliefs that providing care to service users increases wellbeing and reduces recidivism. The results demonstrate a reciprocal nature to care, with officers needing to receive care themselves in order to care effectively for service users. Officers’ approach to caring for service users was dependent upon an interaction between their own experiences of care, care related values, their relationship with individual service users and their own emotional state. Individual officers and the OPD Pathway service could benefit from additional support and understanding from the prison system.