Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methodological issues in qualitative research on HIV prevention: an integrative review

Abstract: In view of the growing concern about the use of qualitative approach in health research, this article aims to analyze how the qualitative theoretical-methodological framework of HIV prevention is presented in empirical research. We conducted an integrative literature review with the following guiding questions: “How is the qualitative theoretical-methodological framework expressed in empirical research on HIV prevention? ”; “What are the limits and potentials of the qualitative methodological designs employed? ”. In the qualitative methodological discussion, five dimensions guided the methodological course and the presentation of findings, from the analysis of the characterization of qualitative studies to the contextualization of the studies and the methodological approaches used, highlighting the use of semi-structured interviews with thematic content analysis. We also examined social categories and analytical references, drawing attention to the plurality of these theoretical-conceptual references and to the authors’ polyphony, and identified the limits and potentials of qualitative research. This study focuses on a scientific topic that is related to a wide variety of social groups and analyzes how they are affected by it, examining issues related to social inequality and other analytical possibilities surrounding HIV prevention, and providing resources for a comprehensive methodological discussion. Hence, avoiding the risk of conducting qualitative research based on checklists that limit inventiveness and openness to different designs and forms of execution and analysis is as pivotal as ensuring that the research is consistent and detailed in publications.
The influence of tourist visitation on the heterophyl to lymphocyte ratios and trophic values of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at Martillo Island, Argentina

Stress levels measured by heterophile to lymphocyte ratios of adult and chick Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus from Martillo Island were higher in areas exposed versus not exposed to tourism, except for 2020. Stress levels were also lower with lower trophic values for all individuals.
Chapter 52 The Playa Hermosa Formation, Playa Verde Basin, Uruguay

Abstract The Playa Hermosa Formation (Fm.) (Playa Verde Basin) is a volcano-sedimentary unit that crops out in the extreme south of the Dom Feliciano Belt in Uruguay. This formation has traditionally been interpreted as non-glacial in origin, but recently it has been suggested that the lower part at least may be glacially influenced. The stratigraphic position of the Playa Hermosa Fm. and its correlation with other Neoproterozoic units of Uruguay, Argentina and southern Brazil remains in dispute. An age of c. 580 Ma is indicated by a hornblende 39Ar/40Ar age on magmatism regarded as coeval with syn-sedimentary volcanism. Preliminary palaeomagnetic data suggest a primary remanence and a mean geomagnetic pole consistent with the proposed apparent polar wander path for the Río de La Plata craton. In combination, these data suggest mid-Ediacaran glacial sedimentation in low to intermediate latitudes on the Río de la Plata craton. However, this conclusion needs to be reinforced by more thorough studies of the age and origin of the Playa Hermosa Fm.
Designing digital nature for older adults: A mixed method approach

Objective Loneliness and social isolation are pressing issues that can seriously impact the mental health and well-being of older adults. Interacting with nature can stimulate a feeling of connectedness. However, for older adults, access to nature is often troublesome because of physical limitations and mobility restrictions. Methods In the present mixed-method study, 37 older adults (62–99 years old) with varying care needs and mobility restrictions watched a video presenting a walkthrough of a simulated digital nature landscape. Results Quantitative results show a significant increase in social connectedness scores and enhanced peacefulness after experiencing a digital nature. Qualitative results stress the importance of variations in nature scenery and highlight the influence of contextual and person-related factors including nature experiences throughout the life span and mobility constraints that older adults may face. Conclusion These findings testify to the potential of using digital nature as a complementary strategy when interactions with outdoor nature become increasingly difficult due to old age.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Burnout Inventory in University Teachers in Hybrid Education

Introduction The scientific literature argues the urgent need for adequate tools to assess burnout in human service professionals, however, little progress has been made on this in university teachers in hybrid environments, even though after the pandemic, these work scenarios are predominant. Objective To determine the psychometric properties of invariance between male and female teachers of hybrid education in the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI). Method The anonymous, self-administered SBI was administered to 1060 university teachers in Lima, Peru, from online random sampling. Of the total number of participants, 626 were women (59.1%) and 434 were men (40.9%), with an age range of 22 to 76 years, with a mean of 46.97 and a standard deviation of 10.256. It should be noted that 74.5% of the teachers worked full time. The analysis used the statistical programs AMOS v24, SPSS v26 and R-Project v4.1. 2. First, a descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as a multivariate normality test of the data. Secondly, confirmatory factor analysis was performed; finally, a factorial invariance test was performed. Results Cronbach's alpha of the SBI was 0.827, and for each subscale: Enthusiasm toward the job (0.742), Psychological exhaustion (0.889), Indolence (0.819), Guilt (0.816). According to the fit indicators, the confirmatory factor model is adequate. The results supported configural invariance, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and strict invariance in the male and female groups, although further investigation of some items specific to the indolence factor is needed. Conclusion The SBI is a valid instrument to assess burnout in university teachers in hybrid environments. Studies associated with the SBI focus on its psychometric properties, burnout prevalence, related variables, and literature reviews. The validation of the SBI in various countries and service areas is discussed, as well as future implications for intervention in burnout prevention and mastery.
Quantification of blood loss for the diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the effectiveness of different diagnostic methods to estimate postpartum blood volume loss. Methods: a systematic review of effectiveness according to PRISMA and JBI Protocol. Searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL, with descriptor “Postpartum Hemorrhage” associated with keyword “Quantification of Blood Loss”. Tabulated extracted data, presented in metasynthesis and meta-analysis was applied to quantitative data. To assess risk of bias, JBI Appraisal Tools were applied. Results: fourteen studies were included, published between 2006 and 2021. Quantification of loss by any method was superior to visual estimation and is highly recommended, however the studies’ high heterogeneity did not allow estimating this association. Conclusion: the studies’ high heterogeneity, with a probable margin of error given the uncontrolled factors, indicates the need for further studies, however quantification proved to be effective in relation to visual estimate. PROSPERO registration CRD 42021234486.
Effect of cardiovascular biofeedback on nursing staff stress: a randomized controlled clinical trial

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the effect of cardiovascular biofeedback on nursing staff stress when compared to an activity without self-monitoring. Method: a randomized controlled clinical trial, carried out with nursing professionals from a university hospital. The intervention group (n=58) performed cardiovascular biofeedback, and the control (n=57) performed an online puzzle without self-monitoring, totaling nine meetings over three weeks. The outcome was assessed using the Stress Symptoms and Work-Related Stress scales, and the biological marker heart rate variability. The generalized estimating equations method was used. Results: the intervention had no effect on self-reported instruments (p>0.050). However, there was an effect of time (p<0.050) on all heart rate variability indicators, demonstrating changes over the sessions. Conclusion: cardiovascular biofeedback showed promising results in the biological marker, suggesting that it can be used in nursing staff as a complementary therapy by promoting better autonomic nervous system regulation.
Assessment of the components of sarcopenia and quality of life perceived of individuals on hemodialysis

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in individuals aged 50 years or older on hemodialysis; to verify the association between sarcopenia and sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric factors, components of sarcopenia and quality of life (QoL); and to correlate the components of sarcopenia with QoL. Methods: Participated 83 individuals on hemodialysis. Sarcopenia was established according to the current European consensus. Dynamometry to determine strength, calf circumference (CC) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI) to obtain muscle mass and gait speed (GS) for physical performance. For QoL used the WHOQOL-bref. Results: the prevalence of sarcopenia was 32.6% (CC) and 18.1% (ASMMI). There was no association between sarcopenia and QoL. Both handgrip strength (r=0.25) and GS (r=0.36) showed a correlation with physical domain. Conclusions: sarcopenia was expressive, and the aspects of functionality determine the physical impairment in this population.
Food Crisis in the Horn of Africa: Progress Report, July 2011 - July 2012

The 2011 drought across the Horn of Africa was, in some places, the worst to hit the region for 60 years. Three countries were hit by the drought: Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. Early in July 2011, Oxfam launched a massive public appeal for funds – the largest in its history – across several countries. Oxfam began to scale up rapidly, recruiting local staff, sending international experts to support them, and planning large-scale emergency activities with local partner organizations. Despite a difficult economic climate, the public responded very generously to the appeal, and the sustained media attention meant that donations continued to come in for several months after the initial launch. Oxfam raised a total of $118.8m for this emergency, of which almost one-third came from members of the public. This report describes what Oxfam and its partners have achieved since July 2011, and also looks at what needs to be done in the future, both to help people recover from this particular drought and to increase their resilience to rain failures – which will certainly occur again. Given the very different country contexts in which Oxfam has been operating, the report is split into three sections summarizing what it has done (directly and through local partners) in Somalia, Kenya, and Ethiopia. The report is intended to account to the individuals, governments, and institutions that gave so generously to Oxfam’s Horn of Africa appeal, as well as to the organization’s partners, allies, volunteers, and staff.
An Inter-Site Comparison of Net Offshore Bar Migration Characteristics and Environmental Conditions

In this paper we quantitatively identify behavioural characteristics of net offshore bar migration (NOM) and present the results of an inter-site comparison. The net offshore migration of sandbars on multi-bar coasts has been reported at sites on the Dutch coast, the eastern USA seaboard, and the New Zealand west coast. The NOM phenomenon is repetitive, with the life-cycle of each bar consisting of three stages: bar generation near the shore-line (stage 1), systematic offshore migration of the bar across the surf zone (stage 2), and finally bar disappearance in the outer surf zone (stage 3). The NOM sites are on multi-bar coasts with relatively short period waves and a narrow range of storm strength wind and wave conditions. They encompass a wide range of geometrical dimensions, physical boundary conditions and wind and wave approach angles relative to the shoreline. Parameters measuring migration width, duration, return period and rate of NOM are used to identify bar migrational characteristics for each stage. There is wide variation in the parameter values, both between the zones representing the NOM stages at each site, and between corresponding zones at different sites. NOM duration for stage 2 is identified as the system index parameter. An inter-site correlation analysis between NOM duration and key environmental parameters shows NOM activity to increase, i.e. NOM duration decreases, with increasing nearshore slope and decreasing wave height. NOM duration also decreases when the predominant wind direction tends towards a maximum of 40 to 45 degrees from the coastline. It is suggested that bar size and longshore currents influence NOM and possible mechanisms are discussed.
Corneal structural alterations in autism spectrum disorder: An in vivo confocal microscopy study

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit joint hypermobility and connective tissue disorders. However, it remains unclear if ASD individuals also have structural alterations in the connective tissue of the cornea. This study aims to determine whether the Kobayashi structure (K‐structure) characteristics differ between adults with ASD and typically developing controls (TDC) and explore the clinical correlates of the K‐structure abnormality. We recruited 30 ASD adults and 35 TDC. Corneal structures, particularly the K‐structure in the Bowman's layer, of the participants were examined using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and a K‐grading ranging from 1 to 4 was given to each eye based on the level of morphological mosaicism. The ASD participants' eyes received a significantly higher single‐eye K‐grading than that of the TDC eyes (p < 0.001), and the medians [25th, 75th percentile] of bilateral‐eye summed K‐grading were 8 [7, 8] and 5 [4, 6] in ASD and TDC, respectively (p < 0.001). A significantly higher K‐grading in the ASD participants' eyes was still observed after adjusting for the within‐subject inter‐eye correlation (p < 0.001). Youden Index showed the optimal cutoffs to differentiate ASD from TDC by bilateral‐eye summed K‐grading and single‐eye K‐grading was >6 and >3, respectively. Additionally, a higher K‐grading was associated with fewer visual sensation seeking in ASD (Spearman's correlation coefficient ρ = −0.518, p = 0.008) and low visual registration (i.e., higher sensory threshold) in TDC (ρ = 0.446, p = 0.023). This study provided novel evidence of corneal structural alterations in ASD by IVCM. Our findings may not only support the prior hypothesis of the association between ASD and connective tissue abnormalities but also shed light on the relationship between connective tissue disorder and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Mapping Wildfire Burn Severity in Southern California Forests and Shrublands Using Enhanced Thematic Mapper Imagery

Abstract Wildfire is a major disturbance agent in Mediterranean Type Ecosystems (MTEs). Providing reliable, quantitative information on the area of burns and the level of damage caused is therefore important both for guiding resource management and global change monitoring. Previous studies have successfully mapped burn severity using remote sensing, but reliable accuracy has yet to be gained using standard methods over different vegetation types. The objective of this research was to classify burn severity across several vegetation types using Landsat ETM imagery in two areas affected by wildfire in southern California in June 1999. Spectral mixture analysis (SMA) using four reference endmembers (vegetation, soil, shade, non‐photosynthetic vegetation) and a single (charcoal‐ash) image endmember were used to enhance imagery prior to burn severity classification using decision trees. SMA provided a robust technique for enhancing fire‐affected areas due to its ability to extract sub‐pixel information and minimize the effects of topography on single date satellite data. Overall kappa classification accuracy results were high (0.71 and 0.85, respectively) for the burned areas, using five canopy consumption classes. Individual severity class accuracies ranged from 0.5 to 0.94.
Deep Supervised Multi-View Learning With Graph Priors

This paper presents a novel method for supervised multi-view representation learning, which projects multiple views into a latent common space while preserving the discrimination and intrinsic structure of each view. Specifically, an apriori discriminant similarity graph is first constructed based on labels and pairwise relationships of multi-view inputs. Then, view-specific networks progressively map inputs to common representations whose affinity approximates the constructed graph. To achieve graph consistency, discrimination, and cross-view invariance, the similarity graph is enforced to meet the following constraints: 1) pairwise relationship should be consistent between the input space and common space for each view; 2) within-class similarity is larger than any between-class similarity for each view; 3) the inter-view samples from the same (or different) classes are mutually similar (or dissimilar). Consequently, the intrinsic structure and discrimination are preserved in the latent common space using an apriori approximation schema. Moreover, we present a sampling strategy to approach a sub-graph sampled from the whole similarity structure instead of approximating the graph of the whole dataset explicitly, thus benefiting lower space complexity and the capability of handling large-scale multi-view datasets. Extensive experiments show the promising performance of our method on five datasets by comparing it with 18 state-of-the-art methods.
Development of Machine-Learning Models to Predict Ambulation Outcomes Following Spinal Metastasis Surgery

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Purpose This study aimed to develop machine-learning algorithms to predict ambulation outcomes following surgery for spinal metastasis. Overview of Literature Postoperative ambulation status following spinal metastasis surgery is currently difficult to predict. The improved ability to predict this important postoperative outcome would facilitate management decision-making and help in determining realistic treatment goals. Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent spinal metastasis at a university-based medical center in Thailand between January 2009 and November 2021. Collected data included preoperative parameters and ambulatory status 90 and 180 days following surgery. Thirteen machine-learning algorithms, namely, artificial neural network, logistic regression, CatBoost classifier, linear discriminant analysis, extreme gradient boosting, extra trees classifier, random forest classifier, gradient boosting classifier, light gradient boosting machine, naïve Bayes, K-neighbor classifier, Ada boost classifier, and decision tree classifier were developed to predict ambulatory status 90 and 180 days following surgery. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and F1-score. Results In total, 167 patients were enrolled. The number of patients classified as ambulatory 90 and 180 days following surgery was 140 (81.9%) and 137 (82.0%), respectively. The extreme gradient boosting algorithm was found to most accurately predict 180-day ambulatory outcome (AUC, 0.85; F1-score, 0.90), and the decision tree algorithm most accurately predicted 90-day ambulatory outcome (AUC, 0.94; F1-score, 0.88). Conclusions Machine-learning algorithms were effective in predicting ambulatory status following surgery for spinal metastasis. Based on our data, the extreme gradient boosting and decision tree best predicted postoperative ambulatory status 180 and 90 days after spinal metastasis surgery, respectively.
Notes on the Genera Omospira Lophospira, and Turritoma; with Descriptions of New Proterozoic Species

In my paper on some of the Proterozoic Murchisoniidæ, Pleurotomariidæ, and Turritellidæ, I referred to the researches of Dr. Ulrich and Prof. Koken among the earlier gasteropoda, and mentioned the groups into which those authors had divided them. We still require much more knowledge with regard to their origin and relationship before really-satisfactory divisions can be made. Unfortunately, the new species that I am about to describe are not sufficiently well-preserved to add much to the material previously available. None of them have the apex entire, and therefore no further light is thrown on the structure of the protoconch. These new species belong to three genera, characterized by the possession of a band on all the whorls, formed by the gradual filling-up during growth of a sinus, and not a slit, in the outer lip. To two of these genera I have already referred, namely, Lophospira, Whitfield, and Turritoma, Ulrich. The other genus is Omospira, Ulrich. Though Lophospira and Turritoma are not really true Murchisoniidæ, I have allowed them to remain in that family for the present. Dr.Ulrich places Omospira in the family Raphistomidæ, but it is not a characteristic member, for the whorls are more convex and the spire is higher than is the case with the other genera belonging to the family. He describes it thus (loc cit.):— ‘Shell somewhat elongate turbinate, subturriculate; volutions seven or eight, ventricose, obliquely flattened in the upper part by an obtuse shoulder-like angulation; the latter, which may or may not constitute the
Glacial and periglacial floodplain sediments regulate hydrologic transfer of reactive iron to a high arctic fjord

The transport of reactive iron (i.e. colloidal and dissolved) by a glacier‐fed stream system draining a high relief periglacial landscape in the high Arctic archipelago of Svalbard is described. A negative, non‐linear relationship between discharge and iron concentration is found, indicative of increased iron acquisition along baseflow pathways. Because the glaciers are cold‐based and there are no intra‐ or sub‐permafrost groundwater springs, baseflow is principally supplied by the active layer and the colluvial and alluvial sediments in the lower valley. Collectively, these environments increase the flux of iron in the stream by 40% over a floodplain length of just 8 km, resulting in 6 kg Fe km−2a−1 of reactive iron export for a 20% glacierized watershed. We show that pyrite oxidation in shallow‐groundwater flowpaths of the floodplain is the most important source of reactive iron, although it is far less influential in the upper parts of the catchment where other sources are significant (including ironstone and secondary oxide coatings). Microbial catalysis of the pyrite oxidation occurs in the floodplain, enabling rapid, hyporheic water exchange to enhance the iron fluxes at high discharge and cause the non‐linear relationship between discharge and reactive iron concentrations. Furthermore, because the pyrite oxidation is tightly coupled to carbonate and silicate mineral weathering, other nutrients such as base cations and silica are also released to the stream system. Our work therefore shows that high Arctic floodplains should be regarded as critically important regulators of terrestrial nutrient fluxes to coastal ecosystems from glacial and periglacial sources. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.