Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SAFETY ISSUES FACING WOMEN IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

Nigerian women are threatened by various safety issues and challenges that has reduced their worth and value in the society. The study therefore, examines the prevalence of safety issues facing women in Lagos state, Nigeria. Five research questions were raised and answered; and two hypotheses were tested to guide the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. A questionnaire titled “Safety issues facing women in Lagos state”, (SIFWILSQ) was developed and validated by experts from Faculty of Education, University of Lagos, Nigeria. A total of four hundred and twenty (420) questionnaire were administered purposively to women in four local government areas in Lagos state, and three hundred and seventy (370) were retrieved. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed using a test retest procedure and correlation coefficient ranged between 0.85 and 0.87. The data was analyzed using frequency distribution tables, percentages, mean, standard deviation and ranking order for data presentation while t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe posthoc were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 significance level. The study revealed the following; there is a significant difference between safety issues and related challenges; there is a significant difference between age range of women and the prevalence of safety issues. The study concluded and recommended the following; that women organizations and non-governmental organizations are to use conscientization approach, familiar and current issues on women to bring enlightenment programmes on safety issues and challenges on women to the door-steps of every woman (including school age girls) in Lagos state.
Economic Evaluation of Nevirapine plus Raltegravir as Maintenance Antiretroviral Therapy in Virologically Suppressed HIV-1 Infected Patients

Background A one-year cost analysis was conducted to estimate the impact on the Italian National Health Service (NHS) of nevirapine plus raltegravir administration as maintenance antiretroviral therapy in virologically suppressed HIV-1 infected patients. Methods Patient data were retrieved from the electronic medical record system in use (year 2014) in a reference HIV centre in Northern Italy. The analysis considered patients with long-term (more than one year) virological suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml) on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and no prior exposure to integrase inhibitors (INIs). To estimate the total HAART expenditure, we calculated the annual treatment cost for each enrolled patients. Subsequently, to estimate the dual therapy hypothetical expenditure, we assumed to treat the same patients with nevirapine (400 mg) and raltegravir (400 mg twice daily). We took into account only drug costs (ex-factory prices, included all discounts and VAT) from the perspective of the Italian NHS. Results In 2014, the total expenditure for the 103 enrolled HIV-1 patients treated with HAART was €814,543. The mean treatment cost per patient was €7,908. If all patients were treated with the dual therapy (nevirapine and raltegravir), the total expenditure would be €573,298 (-29.6%) with a mean treatment cost per patient of €5,566. Conclusions From the Italian NHS perspective, nevirapine/raltegravir represent a cost-saving option as maintenance antiretroviral therapy in virologically suppressed HIV-1 infected patients.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER RATES, TIMING AND SPLITTING APPLICATION ON WHEAT PLANT GROWN ON RECLAIMED SOILS

Two field experiments were conducted in a private farm at El-Salhiea City; Sharkia Governorate during two winter seasons of 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates, timing and splitting application on wheat plant (triticum aestvum L.) on reclaimed soils. Ten treatments were arranged in a split plot design with three replicates; which were the simple possible combination between five treatments of N-fertilization, (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N fed-1) and two splitting doses of each N rates (1st splitting was divided to two equal doses 50 and 50% after 14 and 48 DAS and 2nd splitting was divided to four doses 40, 20, 20 and 20% after 14, 28, 48, 56 DAS). The wheat plant growth progressively increased with increasing the nitrogen fertilizer rates and the superiority of plant height, chlorophyll and spike length observed with 120 kg N fed-1 rather with N fertilizer splitting to 2 or 4 doses. The higher number of grains/spike observed with N fertilizer treatment at rate of 120 kg N fed-1 splitting to 4 doses. 1000 grain weight, straw and grain yield increased with increasing the rate of N fertilizer up to 120 kg N fed-1. Treatment 120 kg N fed-1 in four doses as 40, 20, 20 and 20% after 14, 28, 48, and 56 DAS, recorded higher values of 1000 grain weight, straw and grain yield of wheat. Significant difference in N, P and K concentration in boating and harvest stages in straw and in wheat grain were observed due to different levels, splitting and time of N application. In general, N, P and K% were increased with increasing the N fertilizers levels up to 120 kg N fed-1 with split to 2 doses, and 150 kg N fed-1 with split to 4 doses. Under the same conditions of the experiment, it can be recommended to add the nitrogen fertilizer at 120 kg N fed-1 in four doses as 40, 20, 20 and 20% after 14, 28, 48, 56 DAS, which gave the best result of quantity and quality of the wheat cultivated on sandy clay loam reclaimed soil.
The use of in vitro models to study drug permeability and irritancy in the presence of mucus

Mucus overproduction is an important feature of chronic inflammatory airway diseases including cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis and severe asthma. Inhaled drugs are often delivered to such diseased airways where mucus hypersecretion is likely to alter the deposition pattern of the drug particles, encouraging more central deposition where more mucus is present than in the airways of the periphery. The effect of the mucus on drug absorption is poorly understood, since there are few in vitro systems capable of modeling the effect of mucus on drug permeability. This project aims to characterize and develop selected lung cell lines as potential models of the airways to study drug permeability in the presence of mucus, whilst also using these models to study potential adverse effects of drug treatment in the airways. Currently there is no published work on drug permeability studies in the presence of mucus, using the chosen lung cell lines.
O1 Is pre-exposure prophylaxis for hiv prevention cost-effective in men who have sex with men who engage in condomless sex in the uk?

Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly protective against sexual acquisition of HIV among men having sex with men (MSM). The cost-effectiveness of PrEP will play a major role in deciding whether the NHS should introduce PrEP. Aim To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of introducing PrEP among MSM in the UK. Methods An individual-based dynamic stochastic model calibrated to the HIV epidemic among MSM in the UK was used. It was assumed that, from 2016, 50% of people who tested negative for HIV and who had periods of condomless sex with a long-term or casual partners would use PrEP during such periods. While on PrEP men would be tested three-monthly and PrEP discontinued if diagnosed HIV-positive or if not engaging in condomless sex for that three-month period (and restarting PrEP if again engaging in condomless sex). Results Preliminary results indicate that the introduction of PrEP would lead to a gain in quality-adjusted life years. If current costs of antiretrovirals and PrEP are assumed for the next 30 years (as is generally regarded as good practice in the base cases analysis) PrEP introduction is not cost-effective. However, when considering likely reductions in costs of antiretrovirals and PrEP, due to the use of generic drugs, PrEP would likely be cost-effective. Conclusion Our preliminary evaluation suggests that the use of PrEP for MSM during periods of condomless sex is not cost effective at current antiretroviral prices, but it would become cost-effective if drug prices are reduced after patent expiry date.
How do haematology patients make sense of clinical information? : a qualitative study

Haematological cancers are often unpredictable, leaving clinical decisions to be made throughout the trajectory of the illness. In this context, the way patients make sense of complex clinical information becomes particularly important. The study aimed to understand the ways in which patients make sense of clinical results, and to identify the psychological and other influences on this process. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients who had been diagnosed with haematological cancer and had received results from clinical investigations or relating to treatment response. A constant comparative approach was taken for analysis. Patients described the need for information to be carefully managed, and the alarming nature of information that they did not experience as having been managed for them. Where patients had difficulty trusting their clinician they found it more difficult to accept and be content with the information the clinician provided. These findings can be illuminated using attachment theory. There are also clinical implications for how clinicians could give patients confidence in their ability to manage the uncertainty associated with haematological cancer. By facilitating an attachment process patients could be helped to feel that they are able to trust and build hope from the information they receive.
Nontraumatic Anterior Thigh Pain in a NCAA Lacrosse Athlete: A Case Report and Description of a Rectus Femoris Degloving Injury

A 21-year-old female lacrosse player complained of anterior thigh pain with no known mechanism of injury and failed to improve with conservative therapy. An MRI was obtained showing a closed degloving injury of the rectus femoris, an injury only previously reported in a small case series of soccer players. After a brief period of rest, she was progressed conservatively through therapy and did well, with progression back to the level of competition at 56 days. This case highlights a rare injury not previously described in sports outside of soccer and is the first case described in a female athlete. In addition, the discussion of this case focuses on the unique anatomy of the rectus femoris.
A study to identify stressors perceived by health science lecturing staff within a school at a South African university.

This study aimed to describe the stressors perceived by a group of Health Science lecturers in a School in a South African University, and to describe the coping strategies these lecturers used. The sample consisted of thirty, full-time lecturers in the three Disciplines that constituted the School. Three focus groups, one in each of the Disciplines, were held to gather the research material. The study reveaied that change in Tertiary Education and organisational issues such as the image of the institution, lecturing to a diverse student group, curriculum transformation and leadership issues were perceived as enduring stressors. An increased workload, brought about through the training of future health professionals, trying to stay abreast both professionally and as an academic and the nature of their academic appointments were further identified as potential stressors. Role conflicts in terms of juggling home and work responsibililies and role ambiguity with respect to being both a teacher and researcher were presented as additional stressors, as were certain day-tCHlay occurrences. Lasfly, the lecturers identified a number of personal issues that were perceived as stressors. The study failed to highlight meaningful differences in the three Disciplines within the School, which is in keeping with other published research. The study also showed that the lecturers in each of the Disciplines had access to, and knowledge of, a wide range of coping mechanisms, both problem-based and emotion-focused. The lecturers in the three Disciplines used very similar coping strategies, and once again meaningful differences were not reported .
Treatment options other than total knee arthroplasty in young patients with knee osteoarthritis: Part I

Nonarthroplasty management of symptomatic knee arthritis in young patients is now and will continue to be a significant challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Efforts to forestall knee arthroplasty should be made whenever feasible, however. This review focuses on nonarthroplasty options in the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.
Effect of symptoms of climacteric syndrome, depression and insomnia on self-rated work ability in peri- and post-menopausal women in non-manual employment.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was evaluation of the relationship between severity of symptoms of climacteric syndrome, depressive disorders and sleep problems, and the self-rated work ability of peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women in non-manual employment. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 287 women aged 45-60 years, employed in various institutions as non-manual workers. Work Ability Index, Greene Climacteric Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Athens Insomnia Scale were used. RESULTS The examined peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women in non-manual employment obtained good work ability on the Work Ability Index. The severity of menopausal syndrome, according to the Greene Climacteric Scale, was moderate, placing the examined women between results for the general population of women and the pattern for menopausal women. Depressive disorders ranked between low mood and moderate depression. No depression was observed in 59% of the women, whereas moderate depression was observed in 39%, and severe depression in only 2%. Sleep disorders were on the border of normal range. As many as 46% of the women had no sleep problems, which was on the border of normal range in 36%. Only 19% of the examined women suffered from insomnia. Work ability correlated negatively with depression and insomnia severity, as well as with psychological and vasomotor symptoms of climacteric syndrome, but not to its somatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Preventing the occurrence and treatment of menopausal symptoms, sleep and mood disorders may contribute to maintaining the work ability of women in peri- and post-menopausal age.
Safety and Effectiveness of Tenofovir/Emtricitabine or Lamivudine Plus Ritonavir Boosted Atazanavir in Treatment Experienced HIV Infected Adults at Two Urban Private Medical Practices

Objectives: The efficacy and safety of once daily ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r) plus tenofovir (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) or lamivudine (3TC) was evaluated in the management of treatment experienced HIV-infected patients in routine clinical practice. Research design and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in HIV infected patients residing at two active, urban clinical practices receiving at least one month of tenofovir, emtricitabine or lamviudine plus ritonavir boosted atazanavir following a change from another antiretroviral regimen to simplify or reduce toxicity. Parameters evaluated included the proportion of patients with HIV RNA <400 copies/mL; change in CD4 count from baseline (start of both TDF and ATV/r), adverse effects, and laboratory changes over time in estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated creatinine clearance and MDRD) and lipids. Main outcome measures: One hundred sixty five patients, the majority being Caucasian and male, were studied. Twenty nine (18%) discontinued therapy, including 4 for adverse events and 5 for virologic failure. At baseline, 71% of patients had HIV RNA values <400 copies/mL. At 12 months, 81/90 (90%) patients remaining on therapy had HIV RNA <400 copies/mL, including 17/25 (68%) of those with baseline HIV RNA ≥400 copies/m; 88% (35/40) achieved HIV RNA <75 c/mL. Median increase in CD4 count at 12 months was 26 cells/uL. Grade 4 hyperbilirubinemia occurred in 12% of patients. Estimated glomerular filtration rates did not change significantly by either the Cockcroft-Gault or MDRD method. At 12 months, median declines from baseline in total cholesterol, LDLcholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were -14, -18, -1, and -12 mg/dL, respectively. Conclusions: In routine clinical practice, a once-daily regimen containing ATV/r plus TDF/FTC or 3TC controlled HIV in most patients without renal toxicity and improved the lipid profile.
Modelling the marine ecosystem of Iberia–Biscay–Ireland (IBI) European waters for CMEMS operational applications

Abstract. As part of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), a physical–biogeochemical coupled model system has been developed to monitor and forecast the ocean dynamics and marine ecosystem of the European waters and more specifically on the Iberia–Biscay–Ireland (IBI) area. The CMEMS IBI coupled model covers the north-east Atlantic Ocean from the Canary Islands to Iceland, including the North Sea and the western Mediterranean, with a NEMO-PISCES 1∕36 ∘ model application. The coupled system has been providing 7 d weekly ocean forecasts for CMEMS since April 2018. Prior to its operational launch, a pre-operational qualification simulation (2010–2016) has allowed assessing the model's capacity to reproduce the main biogeochemical and ecosystem features of the IBI area. The objective of this paper is then to describe the consistency and skill assessment of the PISCES biogeochemical model using this 7-year qualification simulation. The model results are compared with available satellite estimates as well as in situ observations (ICES, EMODnet and BGC-Argo). The simulation successfully reproduces the spatial distribution and seasonal cycles of oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll a and net primary production, and confirms that PISCES is suitable at such a resolution and can be used for operational analysis and forecast applications. This model system can be a useful tool to better understand the current state and changes in the marine biogeochemistry of European waters and can also provide key variables for developing indicators to monitor the health of marine ecosystems. These indicators may be of interest to scientists, policy makers, environmental agencies and the general public.
MORTALIDAD MATERNA EN CHILE, 2000-2004

SUMMARY Background: Maternal mortality is an important public health problem, especially in those countries with less development. Objective: Epidemiologic surveillance of maternal mortality in the period 2000-2004. Method: Trend study of maternal mortality according to Pearsons correlation analysis. The number of maternal deaths, live birth, age of the deceased, and causes of deaths, are extracted from the Yearbooks of Vital Statistics. Results: In the studied period, maternal mortality did not present significant changes (r=- 0.479; p=0.414). The mean maternal mortality rate for the period was 17.4/100,000 live births. The firsts 5 causes of maternal death were: hypertensive syndrome (25%), concurrent maternal diseases (20.2%), abortion (12.0%), obstetrical embolism (5.3%) and puerperal sepsis (4.8%). In the period, natality descen- ded significantly (r=-0.993; p=0.001), and not correlated with maternal mortality (r=+0.424; p=0.477). Natality in women of 35-39 years did not present significant changes (r=-0.503; p=0.387), in women ≥40 years was significantly ascending (r=+0.984; p=0.002), whereas in those of 20-34 years descended significantly (r=-0.995; p<0.001). Conclusions: Chilean maternal mortality doesn't modify in the last five years. Natality tendency according to age groups, show that the chilean population concentrate a higher obstetrics risk, with an increase of maternal mortality by concurrent diseases. The Public Health Ministry of Chile must reformulate the strategies to continue with the reduction of maternal mortality.
Dormancy In Bacteria

ject is given by Chesney.1 The prolonged quiescence or dormancy shown by a few cells in a transplant, while of considerable more importance to the experimental bacteriologist than the lag, has escaped serious investigation until recently. Burke 2 described the prolonged dormancy of a small percentage of the spores of CI. botulinum and suggested the importance of the subject. Eckelmann3 studied the relation of lag or slow germination of spores of soil aerobes to the failure of fractional sterilization. Her studies of the spores were not carried beyond the 11th day. She found that the spores of strains surviving fractional sterilization required from 2 to 10 days to germinate. Less attention has been given to the dormancy or slow germination of the vegetative cells of bacteria, particularly the nonspore-bearing bacteria. However, in working with single vegetative cells by the Barber technic, observation has been made that the germination of some cells is delayed beyond the latent period for the species. This article deals with the dormancy shown by a common nonsporebearing and a spore-bearing aerobe, and includes a brief discussion of the possible differences between lag and dormancy.
Written corrective feedback at a Saudi University : English language teachers’ beliefs, students’ preferences, and teachers’ practices

This study investigates the beliefs and practices of writing tutors regarding written corrective feedback (WCF) in a Saudi Arabian university. The central focus of this work is threefold: (a) the relationship between teachers’ beliefs and practices regarding the provision of WCF on students’ L2 writing, (b) the factors that prevent teachers from enacting their beliefs into practices, and (c) the relationship between students’ preferences and teachers’ practices regarding WCF. Ten writing tutors and their thirty students at the English language and Literature department at the University of Dammam participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to understand teachers’ beliefs and students’ preferences. In order to understand teachers’ actual WCF practices, teachers were observed while teaching writing over almost a full semester. The think-aloud protocols of teachers while providing feedback on their students’ writing were examined and teachers’ feedback on student writing was analysed. Finally, stimulated-recall interviews were conducted to understand the factors that influence teachers’ WCF practices. The study showed both congruence and tensions between teachers’ beliefs and practices. Teachers’ beliefs were greatly congruent with their practices regarding the amount and focus of WCF. Conversely, teachers’ beliefs were incongruent concerning the explicitness of WCF, the use of positive feedback, and the source of WCF. Several contextual factors related to the university overall context (e.g. time allocated to cover the syllabus), teachers (e.g. teaching experience), and students (e.g. proficiency levels) were found to affect teachers’ practices. As for the relationship between students’ preferences and teachers’ practices, complete congruence was found in terms of teachers being the key providers of feedback. Conversely, students’ preferences were incongruent with teachers’ practices regarding the explicitness of WCF, the focus of WCF, and the provision of positive feedback. Finally, although students valued teachers’ WCF and placed a great importance to it, they faced difficulties understanding some of their teachers’ comments. This study concludes by providing some implications which could serve more than one purpose by creating knowledge which will be useful for researchers in the field of language teacher cognition and WCF.