Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tuning optical properties of triphenylamine‐pyrrole by alkyl‐substituted thiobarbituric acid for dye‐sensitized solar cell

Nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have been recently explored to tune the organic dye‐sensitized solar cells. We designed three alkyl derivatives of NFAs from thiobarbituric acid (TBT1) decorated the triphenylamine featuring pyrrole unit (TPAP) to yield TPAP‐TBT1, TPAP‐TBT2, and TPAP‐TBT3 for the potential activity in solar cell applications. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using B3LYP level of theory and b3lyp/6‐311g(d) basis set was used for the structures optimization. The TD‐DFT calculations were performed for the structures orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) calculations. The electronic structures of TPAP‐TBT2 derivative show the transethyl group on the structure, which facilitates the binding (−15.6 kcal/mol) to the semiconductor surface (TiO2) rather than the steric‐hindered N‐benzyl derivative (−13.1 kcal/mol). TBT alkyl substituents facilitate the intramolecular charge transfer within the dyes and improved the D‐π‐A electron mobility and the solar cell efficiency. The N‐ethyl and N‐benzyl derivatives showed better performance with respect to the calculated ΔGinject (−1.27) and (−1.22) and VOC values (1.45) and (1.40), respectively.
Masculinities and suicide: unsettling ‘talk’ as a response to suicide in men

ABSTRACT An increasingly common way that high rates of male suicide are understood is via men’s ostensibly poorer abilities to talk about – and more generally seek help for – problems in general, and emotional problems specifically. This has led to the development of public mental health campaigns which urge men to ‘speak up’ more often about the problems they face. I argue that both the initial claim, and the enactment of this claim in public mental health campaigns, is problematic, resting on simplistic assumptions about men and gender difference, and serving to detract attention from structural drivers of suicide. Drawing on a narrative analysis of in-depth interviews with ten men who had self-harmed, thought about, or attempted suicide, this paper focuses attention on the content and contexts of ‘talk’. I argue that public health campaigns promoting ‘talk’ in response to male suicide neglect the interpersonal and structural contexts in which talk occurs, including considerations of power and structural inequalities.
Aftershocks and Background Seismicity in Tangshan and the Rest of North China

The 1976 Great Tangshan earthquake (Ms 7.8) in North China was the deadliest earthquake in the past century. Understandably, a sequence of moderate (M ≥ 4.5) earthquakes in recent years in the Tangshan region, including the Ms 5.1 earthquake on July 12, 2020, raised much social concern and scientific debate about the seismic risk near Tangshan and in North China, a region of active intraplate seismicity. Are these recent events aftershocks of the 1976 Great Tangshan earthquake or are they background earthquakes? Here, we separated clustered events (i.e., aftershocks) from background earthquakes in Tangshan and the entire North China using the nearest‐neighbor (NN) method, and estimated the duration of the 1976 Tangshan aftershock sequence by fitting the decay of seismicity with respect to the background seismicity. Our results suggest that the recent moderate earthquakes are likely aftershocks. This is consistent with their occurrences in places of increased Coulomb failure stress due to the 1976 Great Tangshan earthquake. The estimated aftershock duration is around 65–100 years for the 1976 Great Tangshan earthquake. The background seismicity in North China, obtained by removing aftershocks identified by the NN method, is relatively stationary in space but varies in time, decreasing slightly in recent years. Major active tectonic zones, including the Shanxi Rift and the Zhangjiakou‐Penglai fault system, show correlation between relatively high background seismicity, high geodetic strain rates, and large historic earthquakes. Such correlation, however, is poor within the North China Plain, highlighting the complexity of intraplate earthquakes.
Evaluation of indoor disinfection technologies for airborne disease control in hospital

COVID-19 (Corona virus disease, 2019) is a worldwide public health emergency and the disease has been spreading globally at an alarming rate. There is an urgent need to reduce the healthcare transmission risk among healthcare workers and patients in hospitals due to the pandemic. In the indoor environment, the respiratory infection can be transmitted via direct contact with surfaces contaminated by respiratory droplets, by inhaling airborne respiratory aerosol or by faecal–oral transmission. Therefore, professional measures are indispensable to effectively control respiratory disease, including personal protection, social distancing, routine disinfection and a control of the indoor environment by using heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. In hospital, routine disinfection and HVAC system should be combined to control airborne diseases. Routine disinfection is widely utilized to efficiently disinfect contaminated air/surface and control transmission of airborne infectious disease in hospital. Routine disinfection includes running air disinfection machines, direct ultraviolet radiation and wiping indoor surface with chlorine containing disinfectant. The operation of HVAC is also essential for air disinfection to maintain a healthy and comfortable indoor environment. The HVAC system with a proper design and operation can disinfect polluted air, provide fresh air, interfere with air transmission route and remove airborne respiratory droplets/aerosols. In order to achieve and maintain standardized medical facilities with a highquality disinfection hygiene, there is an urgent need to develop a systematic and reliable methodology to quantitatively evaluate and optimize routine disinfection devices and HVAC system towards efficient control of the airborne disease. This paper discusses advantages/disadvantages of different hospital disinfection methods and summarizes relevant quantitative design/simulation methods. To satisfy requirements of high-quality engineering design, some suggestions are provided to improve available quantitative design methods of disinfection devices and HVAC system. For routine disinfection of indoor environment in hospital, both the air disinfection and indoor surface disinfection should be considered.
Hidden in plain sight: museum educators’ role in teacher professional development

ABSTRACT This article reports on Year 2 of a three-year project to assess historic site-based teacher professional development programs. The intended focus was assessing pre–post Q-sorts and interviews of 29 teachers regarding how they see their work at historic sites affecting their professional development. However, data analysis revealed exceptionally large shifts in teacher experiences both from previous year’s administrations and in-year pre–post administrations. These shifts were attributable to programmatic changes museum educators (MEs) made, instigated by the first rounds of evaluation, rather than changes in teachers’ stances. Thus, this article reports on the changes that MEs made in the program between Y1 and Y2 and the critical role that MEs play in supporting teachers’ professional development and the ways in which their understanding/misunderstanding of teachers’ needs drive programming. Herein the authors examine the influence of the assessment process on MEs’ evolving understanding of their roles as teacher educators.
Mobile Time Tracker in Transportation Service: A Survey

Bus delay in transportation service is a common issue to be addressed. This issue is verified in a preliminary study conducted earlier among the bus riders. With the proliferation of mobile technology particularly in mobile application development, transportation service providertoday is able to address delay issue usingmobile application. In this study, a GPS based mobile application (App) is proposedto estimatetime arrival (ETA) of buses and an user acceptance test is used to verify the usability of the App. 76 bus riders have completed bus App testing and follow by a survey. The overall results show mobile time tracker is usable and able to solve issue of bus delay and reduce long waiting time. In future work, mobile time trackers associate with other ETA prediction models will be explored and issues such as ETA accuracy will also be addressed.
Spatio-Temporal Differentiation Mode and Threshold Effect of Yangtze River Delta Urban Ecological Well-Being Performance Based on Network DEA

Improving ecological well-being performance (EWP) is the essential requirement of green transformation development and ecological civilization construction. With the help of a network DEA model and threshold panel regression model, this study evaluated urban ecological well-being performance to explore the evolution process, impact, and optimization path of urban ecological well-being performance in the Yangtze River Delta from 2001 to 2017. The findings are as follows: (1) The ecological well-being performance of all cities in the region had been steadily improving since 2001, most cities had realized the transformation from a low performance level to a higher performance level, and there was an obvious spatial mismatch between urban economic development level and ecological well-being performance. (2) A regional urban ecological well-being performance development mode was constantly optimized, sustainable urban development ability was improved, and the number of high-high (HH) mode cities was gradually increasing while the number of low-low (LL) mode cities was gradually decreasing. (3) Under the influence of threshold variables of population density, industrialization level, and environmental regulation, the impact of urbanization on ecological well-being performance had different threshold characteristics. Economic growth, industrialization, and government macro-control had significantly negative restraining effects, while consumption level, industrial structure upgrading, energy efficiency, and technological innovation had significantly positive driving effects.
Mapping Public Urban Green Spaces Based on OpenStreetMap and Sentinel-2 Imagery Using Belief Functions

Public urban green spaces are important for the urban quality of life. Still, comprehensive open data sets on urban green spaces are not available for most cities. As open and globally available data sets, the potential of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and OpenStreetMap (OSM) data for urban green space mapping is high but limited due to their respective uncertainties. Sentinel-2 imagery cannot distinguish public from private green spaces and its spatial resolution of 10 m fails to capture fine-grained urban structures, while in OSM green spaces are not mapped consistently and with the same level of completeness everywhere. To address these limitations, we propose to fuse these data sets under explicit consideration of their uncertainties. The Sentinel-2 derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was fused with OSM data using the Dempster–Shafer theory to enhance the detection of small vegetated areas. The distinction between public and private green spaces was achieved using a Bayesian hierarchical model and OSM data. The analysis was performed based on land use parcels derived from OSM data and tested for the city of Dresden, Germany. The overall accuracy of the final map of public urban green spaces was 95% and was mainly influenced by the uncertainty of the public accessibility model.
MHD Stagnation Point Flow and Heat Transfer Over a Stretching Sheet in a Blood-Based Casson Ferrofluid With Newtonian Heating

The present study investigated the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transfer on a stagnation point past a stretching sheet in a blood-based Casson ferrofluid with Newtonian heating boundary conditions. The ferrite Fe3O4 and cobalt ferrite CoFe2O4 ferroparticles suspended into Casson fluid represent by human blood to form blood-based Casson ferrofluid are numerically examined. The mathematical model for Casson ferrofluid which is in non-linear partial differential equations are first transformed to a more convenient form by similarity transformation approach then solved numerically by using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) method. The characteristics and effects of the stretching parameter, the magnetic parameter, the Casson parameter and the ferroparticle volume fraction for Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 on the variation of surface temperature and the reduced skin friction coefficient are analyzed and discussed. It is found that the blood-based Casson ferrofluid provided up to 46% higher in temperature surface compared to blood-based fluid with the presence of magnetic effects.
Heat stress and feeding behaviour of dairy cows in late lactation

Abstract Heat stress is one of the most important problems that dairy cows have to face and the use of cooling systems is becoming more and more important. The first reaction that has the animal to cope with the environmental variations is to modify its behaviour. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress and a cooling system on the feeding behaviour of Italian Holstein Friesian dairy cows in late lactation. Two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, eight dairy cows were firstly kept 7 d under thermoneutral condition, and then under mild heat stress (temperature humidity index, THI, ranging between 72 and 78) for others 7 d. The second experiment consisted of 8 dairy cows used in a two-period cross-over design where the treatment was the use or not of a sprinkler system for cooling cows under mild heat stress. Cows were equipped with a noseband pressure sensor able to detect rumination and eating time, number of rumination and eating chews, number of rumination boluses and rumination intensity. Heat stress reduced rumination time, number of rumination chews and boluses (p < .05), and tended to reduce the number of eating chews (p < .10). Cooled cows increased rumination and eating time (p < .05), rumination intensity (p < .01), and the number of rumination and eating chews (p < .05). In conclusion, feeding behaviour was deeply influenced even by mild heat stress, which was effectively improved by the use of a sprinkler system. HIGHLIGHTS Mild heat stress reduced rumination time, number of rumination chews and boluses of dairy cows in late lactation Cooling cows with sprinklers was effective in alleviating heat stress in terms of feeding behaviour
Determination of Phthalate Esters in Particle Matter(PM2.5) by Microwave-assisted Extraction and Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry

A simple method based on microwave extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of trace amounts of phthalates esters(PAEs) in environmental particle matter(PM2.5). The sample was extracted with ethyl acetate-acetone mixed solvent by microwave-assisted extraction.The PAEs were separated on a DB-5MS column and detected by MS under SCAN/SIM mode.The external standard method was used for the quantification.The linear ranges for the calibration curves of PAEs ranged from 100 pg to 1 000 pg.The limits of detection(MDL) ranged from 0.101 ng/m3to 0.262 ng/m3.The spiked recoveries were in the range of 81.6%-129%. The particle matters of ambient air in the Changzhou chemical industry park were successfully analyzed using the proposed method.15 PAEs were detected in the sample.The concentrations of diisobutyl phthalate(DIBP),dibutyl phthalate(DBP),dioctyl phthalate(DEHP) were high.The results showed that this would be a valuable method for the PAEs analysis in particle matter of ambient air.
Improved optical coupling based on a concave cavity lens fabricated by optical fiber facet etching

We report a low-fabrication-complexity and wideband fiber lens, which is formed by fiber facet etching and filling high refractive index UV adhesive. The optical field can be significantly shrunk by the facet lens so as to obtain improved optical coupling. Numerical simulations were carried out for different coupling conditions, on both fundamental mode and high-order mode, for a nine-mode fiber. The fundamental mode area can be reduced from 152.17 to 12.57 µm 2, and the coupling loss between the fiber lens and a photonic waveguide can be reduced to −2.9 dB with over 1000 nm 3 dB bandwidth.
Denoising of Video Frames Resulting From Video Interface Leakage Using Deep Learning for Efficient Optical Character Recognition

The present work shows Deep Neural Networks’ application in the automatic recovery of information from unintended electromagnetic emanations emitted by video interfaces. A dataset of 18,194 captured frames is generated, which allows training two Convolutional Neural Networks for the denoising of captured video frames. After processing the noisy frames with the CNNs, a significant improvement is measured in the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). Consequently, text can be automatically extracted using Optical Character Recognition (OCR), allowing us to recover 68% of the text from our validation dataset. The proposed approach aims at evaluating the risk introduced by modern Deep Learning algorithms when applied to these captures, showing that compromising electromagnetic leakage represents a non-negligible threat to information security.
Characteristics, Perceptions, and Dietary Intakes of WIC Participants in Rural Appalachia

ABSTRACT Over the last decade, the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) has been transitioning to electronic food-benefits (eWIC). The North Carolina Appalachian Region was among the last to implement this transition, yet little is known about how eWIC influenced experiences in rural areas. This study examined potential differences in maternal shopping characteristics (MSC), perceptions, barriers, and dietary intakes by type of food-benefits used (paper food-benefits (PB) versus eWIC) among pregnant women and/or mothers in three rural counties in Western North Carolina. Our findings suggest eWIC has a positive impact on MSC and overall satisfaction in this region.
Political Competition and Right-Wing Terrorism: A County-Level Analysis of the United States

While many previous studies on U.S. right-wing violence center on factors such as racial threat and economic anxiety, we draw from comparative politics research linking electoral dynamics to anti-minority violence. Furthermore, we argue that the causes of right-wing terrorism do not solely rest on political, economic, or social changes individually, but on their interaction. Using a geocoded, U.S. county-level analysis of right-wing terrorist incidents from 1970 to 2016, we find no evidence that poorer or more diverse counties are targets of right-wing terrorism. Rather, right-wing violence is more common in areas where “playing the ethnic card” makes strategic sense for elites looking to shift electoral outcomes: counties that are in electorally competitive areas and that are predominantly white.
Noble gas adsorption in copper trimesate, HKUST-1: An experimental and computational study

A joint experimental and computational study of noble gas adsorption in the metal–organic framework (MOF) material HKUST-1 has been carried out. Using a standard gas adsorption analyzer fitted with a cryostat, isotherms were measured for Xe, Kr, Ar, and Ne at optimum temperatures for the determination of loading-dependent heats of adsorption using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. Direct calorimetric measurements for Kr and Xe adsorption provide comparable heats of adsorption. A detailed analysis of the experimental data alongside complementary grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations led to the conclusion that the strongest binding for noble gases occurs in and around the small tetrahedral pockets and not at the accessible Cu(II) sites in the structure. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction experiments with in situ gas loading confirm the assignment of preferred binding sites inferred from the adsorption measurements and simulations.
Online inertia estimation for power systems with high penetration of RES using recursive parameters estimation

Low and time-changing inertia values due to the high percentage of renewable energy sources (RESs) can cause stability problems in power systems due to rapid frequency instabilities. Inertia monitoring will assist operators to apply suitable actions and more proper control methods to alleviate stability issues. Therefore, this paper proposes an online method to estimate the total inertia of a network using a recursive least-squares approach. The proposed method uses network measurements with a non-recursive system identiﬁcation approach to initially estimate the network hypothesis model. Then, the recursive method is used together with time changing measurements to recursively estimate model parameters and extract online inertia estimates of the network. During the estimation, the method does not need to store previous data after each sample step; therefore, the computation burden is signiﬁcantly reduced. More importantly, the technique incorporates the use of available electromechanical oscillation modes in the system, which are linked with system parameters, to determine the network inertia estimates. The applicability of the proposed method has been validated by numerical simulations of the IEEE 39-bus network and the aggregated New Zealand network with its actual inertia data.
Particulate-bound mercury (PBM) in stems and leaves of several crops (white cabbage, Peking cabbage, and chili) at a farmland site in Taiwan

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the particulate-bound mercury (PBM) contents of two parts (leaf and stem) of different crops (white cabbage, Peking cabbage, and chili) at a sampling site in the coastal zone in the Taichung area from October 7 to 15, 2014. A direct mercury analyzer (DMA-80) was used to measure mercury content. The Mann-Whitney rank sum test was utilized to determine the mean differences between the PBM in two parts of various crops (white cabbage leaf, white cabbage stem, Peking cabbage leaf, Peking cabbage stem, and chili) at the Long-Jing sampling site. The results indicated the following: 1) The average mercury content was lowest in the Peking cabbage stem. The ratio of the mercury content in the stem to that in the leaf of the white cabbage was 5 and that of Peking cabbage was 3.5. 2) No significant difference was observed between median mercury content in white cabbage leaf and Peking cabbage leaf, white cabbage stem and Peking cabbage stem, and Peking cabbage leaf and chili. 3) The average PBM contents were both the lowest (Huabei Plain) and the highest in Hg in China. 4) The ratio of average PBM content of white cabbage leaf in this study was as high as 981.
The Impact of Selenium, Nano (SiO2) and Organic Fertilization on growth and yield of Potato Solanum tuberosum L. under Salt Stress Conditions

The experiment was conducted in the desert area of the extension center of the Karbala governorate for the agricultural season 2019-2020 to study the effect of spraying selenium fertilizer, SiO2-NPs and organic fertilizers on growth and yield of potato plants under salt stress conditions, The experiment was carried out according to the split plot design of randomized complete block design (RCBD), The results of the study showed that irrigation water with salinity of 10 ds.m−1 caused a decrease in all the characteristics of vegetative growth and yield, while the water quality 5.9 ds.m−1 achieved the highest values in all the studied parameters, the results showed significant differences in the treatment combinations compared to control treatment, the treatment (corn cobs compost + Se) was achieved the highest results in all study parameters, which was significantly superior to most of the vegetative growth and yield characteristics.