Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toxoplasma gondii infection in cancer patients in Guilan, Iran: prevalence and risk of acquired or reactivation of latent Toxoplasmosis

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in immune-compromised individuals, including malignant patients under chemotherapy, can cause severe diseases as encephalitis or systemic infections. There is no study on toxoplasmosis in cancer patients in Guilan Province.This study was designed to determine toxoplasmosis IgM and IgG antibodies in cancer patients and to compare it to normal population in the north of Iran, Guilan. Materials and methods: The present case control study is the first study on the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in cancer patients referred to an educational hospital in RashtGuilan (North of Iran), from July 2017 to January 2018. The range of the participants' age was 14–88 years, of whom 52.6% and 47.4% were male and female, respectively. Blood samples were collected from 150 immunocompetent individuals as a control group and 150 cancer patients. The antibodies (IgG/IgM) were measured by the ELISA method using available kits (ToxoIgG and ToxoIgM Euroimmun). Results: The overall sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the participants was 96 (64%) and 97/150 (64.7%) in cancer patients and controls, respectively. In patients, 94 (62.6 %%) were seropositive for only IgG, 1 (0.66%) for only IgM, and 1 (0.66%) for both IgG and IgM. In the control group, 1/150(0.66%) had IgG and IgM positive and 96/150 (64 %) were IgG positive and IgM negative that considered acute and chronic toxoplasmosis, respectively. Two out of 150 control groups were IgG and IgM borderline, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant for IgG (P= 0.8) and IgM (P=0.85) among the patients and also the control groups. Sero-prevalence of T. gondii infection varied significantly with age, sex, residence, cat at home, and educational level. Conclusion: The data showed that a high percent of patients and control groups were susceptible to re-activation of latent toxoplasmosis. But In immune-compromised patients, reactivation of latent toxoplasmosis could even leads to lethal encephalitis. Therefore, the screening of toxoplasmosis should be considered more routinely in cancer patients.
A study of lactate accumulation and changes in vital data during exercise on a bicycle ergometer

Background: It is common to use blood lactate for the determination of performance as well as for the development of training exercises in athletes. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to gain better understanding of blood lactate concentration which is increased almost 3-4 folds, after the subject complained of subjective feeling of fatigue while exercising on a bicycle ergometer. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 50 adolescent participants of the age group of 16-19 years with body mass index 18-25. Before testing, the participants height and weight were measured. Blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), and heart rate (HR) were recorded in the supine posture, and 2 cc of blood was collected for measurement of blood lactate level. After cycling for some time when the participant complained of feeling of fatigue then the time was recorded and asked to stop exercising then the subject was advised to lie down supine on the bed and one blood sample collected after recording BP, HR, and RR. Data were recorded in the case record form. Paired t-test was used to compare the mean values of parameters before and after test. Results: Blood lactate levels before exercise with a mean value of 10.1604 mg/dl and blood lactate after exercise with mean value of 33.809 mg/dl. Paired t-test on the computed mean difference between two blood samples at rest and post exercise revealed that they were statistically significant with a probability of P < 0.001. Conclusion: It is advantageous for clinicians to have a good understanding regarding blood lactate and its clinical implications. While an elevated level may be indicative of ischemia or hypoxemia, it may also be a normal physiological response to exertion.
Predicting PTSD and Depression following Sexual Assault: The Role of Perceived Life Threat, Post-Traumatic Cognitions, Victim-Perpetrator Relationship, and Social Support

ABSTRACT Survivors of sexual assault have a high risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but experiencing a sexual assault alone is not sufficient for the development of the disorder. This study examined the impact of other risk factors, including the impact of victim-perpetrator relationship context (i.e. trust, importance, and closeness), perceived life threat, perceived betrayal, posttraumatic cognitions, and trauma-related social support on PTSD and depression symptoms. One hundred twenty-seven female undergraduates who self-identified as “having an uncomfortable, negative, or unwanted sexual experience” completed multiple self-report measures. Victim-perpetrator relationship variables were not associated with PTSD or depressive symptoms. Perceived life threat, perceived betrayal, and posttraumatic cognitions were all related to PTSD symptom severity. However, results from hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that when perceived life threat and posttraumatic cognitions were included in the model, perceived betrayal no longer predicted PTSD symptoms. Implications for understanding the role of posttraumatic cognitions in PTSD and depression symptoms are discussed.
Bacteriological analysis of water quality in a recreational park pond in Rivers State, Nigeria

Bacteriological analysis of a Recreational Park Pond in Port Harcourt was investigated to evaluate the water quality of the pond for recreational purposes. Samples collected from the pond were evaluated for physiochemical and bacteriological study. pH showed a slight alkaline range of 6.66 − 6.94 in sample A and D with a temperature range of 28.6 − 29 o C. Samples evaluated for turbidity and salinity showed values of 0.309 − 0.784 NTU and 0.10ppt to 0.32ppt respectively. Similar bacteriological load ranging from 6.9 × 10 5 cfu/ml − 2.1 × 10 6 cfu/ml was observed, with coliform counts ranging from 3.4 × 105 − 1.3×10 6 cfu/ml. Thirteen different bacterial genera were identified in total ( Escherichia coli , Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp, Bacillus spp., Serratia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Vibrio spp., Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp). Escherichia coli was the most commonly occurring group (14.7%) and Staphylococcus sp the least occurring (2.9%). Varying levels of resistance was noted against the 14 antibiotics tested, with the highest resistance noted against pefloxacin (55.9%) while the lowest resistance was against erythromycin (2.9%). Majority of isolates (67.7%) however had MAR index values less than 0.21, indicative of a source related to low antibiotic use. Despite the association of potentially pathogenic bacteria with this water body, the low level of drug resistance associated with these organisms as well as the MAR index values, could point at these being environmental rather than human strains. Further molecular studies would be advised to confirm this. Keywords: Bacteriological analysis, recreational water, antibiotic resistance, pefloxacin
Ovicidal effect of insect growth regulators against eggs of Trogoderma granarium (Everts) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).

Storage of cereals and their products is a vital part of postharvest operations through which food commodities passes from farmer field (producer) to the ultimate consumer. Annual post-harvest losses of stored cereals due to various biological factors in the storages range from 10-20% of overall production (Phillips and Throne, 2010). There is a continuous need to protect the stored grains and their products against deterioration, especially the loss of weight and quality during storage. Insect pests are the main factor responsible for these losses as they reduce both the quality and quantity of grains (Weaver and Subramanyam, 2000). Sabet and Sabr, 2015). The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts) is a serious pest of stored grains and their products (Burges, 2008; Mark et al., 2010). The khapra beetle generally restricts its activity to the top 12 inches of the stored grains. The beetle has a substantial economic impact due to its capability to cause huge losses to grains through its ravenous feeding (Rees, 1998; Ahmedani et al., 2007). Therefore, control of this pest is not only vital to confirm food safety and food security condition, but also a pre-requisite for the export of surplus cereal grains (Ahmedani et al., 2007). Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is a malicious and cosmopolitan pest having an extensive association with stored food (Hulasare et al., 2003; Rees, 2004). Although, T. castaneum is considered a secondary pest (pest of flour and other milled cereal products) (Irshad and Talpur, 1993; Suresh et al., 2001), a single larva of this pest can attack and damage 88 grains during its life, which when compounded by multiple individual beetles, leads to considerable loss in quality, quantity and viability of grain (Atanasov, 1978). Strictly speaking, the overall loss in quantity and quality of the stored grains, and the health hazards attributed to the insect damage as waste products translate to a monetary concern that could amount to millions of rupees further emphasizing the need to prevent infestation (Ajayi and Rahman, 2006). At present, there is an emphasis on the use of insecticides having biorational properties (Phillips and Throne, 2010) owing to many concerns about the use of neurotoxin insecticides. This concept also includes the use of reduced risk control tactics, such as insect growth regulators (IGRs) Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 57(1), 73-79;2020 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/20.8047 http://www.pakjas. com.pk
Death In Life Survivors Of Hiroshima

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Ultrasonographic Imaging of Reproductive Organ in Indonesian Native Chicken Hen (Gallus Domesticus)

Hen’s native chicken reproductive organ health status evaluation is important for raising Indonesian native chicken in order to support protein supply for people demand. This study aimed to discover the images of Indonesian hen’s native chicken reproductive organ using ultrasonography. There were 18 hens that used in this study and divided into two groups, 15 hens for brightnessmode ultrasonography imaging and three hens for color Doppler ultrasonography imaging. The 15 hens that were used for brightness-mode ultrasonography divided into three groups based on body weight i.e. 1.2 kg, 1.3 kg, and 1.5 kg, and it’s also divided in two groups based on their age less and more than one year old. The transcutaneous ultrasonography performed in this study. The transducer lubricated by ultrasound transmission gel and positioned on caudal femur with an approximately angle 30 degree against abdomen wall. The results showed that follicles were ease to found and appeared as anechoic oval to round form confined by a hypoechoic layer at left position of ultrasound scanning. Furthermore, follicles were difficult to scanning in hens with age under than a year. The number and size of follicles and eggs were affected by body weight. In-vivo ultrasound image of eggs showed enhancement artifact and specular reflection, while in-vitro ultrasound image of eggs showed acoustic shadowing. The uterine organ showed as an anechoic structure with several parts having multiechoic that representing plica uterina. Further, the color Doppler ultrasound images can be used for identification of ovarium vascularisation profile. In general, it can be stated that ultrasonography is a useful non-invasive supporting diagnostic tool to evaluate the health status of hen’s reproductive organ.
Phylogenomic Reconstruction Sheds Light on New Relationships and Timescale of Rails (Aves: Rallidae) Evolution

The integration of state-of-the-art molecular techniques and analyses, together with a broad taxonomic sampling, can provide new insights into bird interrelationships and divergence. Despite their evolutionary significance, the relationships among several rail lineages remain unresolved as does the general timescale of rail evolution. Here, we disentangle the deep phylogenetic structure of rails using anchored phylogenomics. We analysed a set of 393 loci from 63 species, representing approximately 40% of the extant familial diversity. Our phylogenomic analyses reconstruct the phylogeny of rails and robustly infer several previously contentious relationships. Concatenated maximum likelihood and coalescent species-tree approaches recover identical topologies with strong node support. The results are concordant with previous phylogenetic studies using small DNA datasets, but they also supply an additional resolution. Our dating analysis provides contrasting divergence times using fossils and Bayesian and non-Bayesian approaches. Our study refines the evolutionary history of rails, offering a foundation for future evolutionary studies of birds.
The Sero-Prevalence Of Hepatitis C Virus (Hcv) Infection Among Prospective Blood Donors Ina Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with its associated sequelae is a disease of major public health importance worldwide. This study analyzed the results of Hepatitis-C screening among blood donors at the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi over a 12 �month period (JanuaryDecember, 2008), with a view to establishing the prevalence rate in this area of the Middle Belt of Nigeria.Methods: Results of hepatitisC screening from the blood bank unit of the study Centre were reviewed for the twelve month period (Jan. � Dec. 2008). Screening for antiHCV was done using a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. (ELISA kit)Results: A total of 1,400 samples were screened for hepatitis C over the one year period. The overall seropositivity rate was found to be 5.4%Conclusion: HCV infection is common in Makurdi, a metropolitan city in the middle belt of Nigeria. Adequate screening of prospective blood donors and the institution of adequate public health measures is advocated in order to reduce the transmission of this virus.
Role of Gastric Emptying in Symptoms of Gastroparesis

The symptoms of gastroparesis, such as nausea, vomiting, postprandial fullness, early satiety and abdominal pain, frequently impair the quality of life of the affected individuals. The diagnosis of gastroparesis is made after structural etiologies are ruled out and an assessment of gastric function shows delayed gastric emptying. The role of the delay in gastric emptying in the pathogenesis of symptoms of gastroparesis has been debated, with some studies suggesting an association between delayed gastric emptying and the upper gastrointestinal symptoms, while others do not. The recent literature supports the importance of using reliable methods to assess gastric emptying, as delay in gastric emptying measured on a reliable test (4-h scintigraphy or breath test) is associated with the severity of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition to measuring total gastric emptying, evaluation of regional gastric retention in the proximal and distal stomach and whole gut transit to assess small intestinal and colonic transit may provide additional useful information in patients with more generalized symptoms of gastrointestinal dysmotility.
Gravitational effects on the muon g-2

[IT] Con questa tesi ci proponiamo di investigare gli effetti della Relativita Generale sul momento magnetico anomalo del muone. Di recente (gennaio 2018) un gruppo di ricerca giapponese ha sostenuto che l'importante discrepanza ad oggi visibile tra il valore teorico e quello sperimentale dell'anomalia del muone (tra 3.5 e 4 sigma) fosse dovuta ad effetti di curvatura dati dalla presenza della Terra. Da quel momento molti autori hanno cercato di dimostrare come una tale congettura fosse falsa ma spesso senza presentare un conto esplicito e preciso per il calcolo corretto di questo effetto gravitazionale. Il nostro lavoro mira proprio a colmare questa lacuna. A partire dall'equazione di Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi per la precessione del quadrivettore di spin abbiamo ricavato la generalizzazione ad uno spazio-tempo curvo della velocita angolare anomala per il muone, direttamente utilizzata per il calcolo sperimentale dell'anomalia del muone. Il risultato e dato da una correzione dipendente dalla quadriaccelerazione dell'osservatore, che, essendo statico, non compie un moto geodetico e la cui quadriaccelerazione non e nulla. Il calcolo inoltre mostra che ad oggi (dicembre 2019) una tale correzione e completamente invisibile, dal momento che la precisione sperimentale e ancora troppo bassa per poterne risentire. [EN] With this thesis we want to investigate the effects given by General Relativity on the muon anomaly. Recently (January 2018) a Japanese research group claimed that the present non-negligible discrepancy existing between the theoretical and the experimental value of the muon anomaly (between 3.5 and 4 sigma) is due to curvature effects given by the Earth. Since that moment, many authors have been trying to prove them wrong but often without explicit and detailed calculations of this gravitational effect. Our works wants to shed some light on this point. From the Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation for the evolution of the spin four-vector we obtained a curved version of the anomalous angular velocity, which is employed for the experimental computation of the muon anomaly. The outcome depends on the four-acceleration of the observer, i.e. the laboratory, which is in non-geodesic motion, being it standing still on Earth's surface, and whose acceleration does not vanish. The computation also shows how nowadays (december 2019) such a correction is completely invisible, because the experimental accuracy is not high enough.
A Transcendental Phenomenological Study of Happiness as Experienced by the Sadhus

iv LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Who are Sadhus? 3 Are Sadhus Happy People? 5 Rationale for the Study . 5 Research Questions . 6 Significance of the Study . 7 Conclusion . 8 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 10 What is Happiness? 10 Positive Psychology, The Science of Happiness . 23 Spiritual Approach to Happiness . 36 Literature Gap . 55 Conclusion . 58 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY . 59 Research Methodology . 61 The Participants of the Study . 71 Data Collection . 81 Data Coding and Analysis . 85 Validity Threats . 89 vii Conclusion . 91 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS . 93 Summary of All Themes and Subthemes . 94 Glossary . 96 Summary of Themes 1 to 6 and Subthemes . 104 Theme 1: Everyone is Oriented Toward Happiness . 105 Theme 2: Happiness is Our True Nature.108 Theme 3: Everything in This World is Temporary Except Happiness . 118 Theme 4: Happiness is Everlasting and Unchanging . 121 Theme 5: Ignorance of Our True Nature Causes All Unhappiness in the World . 124 Theme 6: Animate Nature of Happiness . 127 Theme 7: Sadhus are Very Happy People . 142 Summary of Themes 8 to 12 . 146 Theme 8: Guru, A Spiritual Teacher . 146 Theme 9: Self-Knowledge . 149 Theme 10: Serving Others . 152 Theme 11: Yoga and Meditation . 155 Theme 12: Renunciation and Living a Simple Life . 158 Conclusion . 161 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS . 163 A Universal and Secular Nature of the Study . 163 Parallels between Eastern and Western Spiritual Traditions . 166 Summary of the Study Design . 166 viii Findings.167 Detailed Interpretations of Findings . 170 Implications for Further Research . 207 Implications for Practice . 215 Conclusion . 222 Appendix A: Interview Protocol . 224 References . 229
with Mycobacterium Avium Complex Pulmonary Disease

Background : Mycobacterium avium complex(MAC)is the most common respiratory pathogen in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease. This study described the clinical characteristics of the patients with pulmonary disease caused by MAC. Materials and Methods : The clinical characteristics of 24 patients with pulmonary disease caused by the MAC, who fulfilled the 1997 American Thoracic Society diagnostic criteria for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, were retrospectively. Results : Fourteen patients(58%) were male and the median age at diagnosis was 61 years(range 46-75). Of the 24 patients, 16 (67%) had a M. intracellulare infection, 7 (29%) had a M. aviuminfection
Examining relationships between soft skills and occupational outcomes among U.S. adults with—and without—university degrees

ABSTRACT Policymakers are increasingly concerned that employees need both foundational skills, such as numeracy, and soft skills to take better advantage of new technologies and adapt to changing work. In this study, we examined the relationships between the use of soft skills and occupational outcomes among a nationally representative sample of adult workers in the United States. Based on our analysis of PIAAC data, we found that even after accounting for numeracy skill and university degrees, there were positive, statistically significant relationships between the use of soft skills (i.e. Readiness to Learn; Influence; Planning; and Task Discretion) and workers’ occupational outcomes. Our findings also suggested that, relative to university graduates, adult workers without university degrees tend to have higher occupational status if they more frequently exercise soft skills.
The Great Influenza The Story Of The Deadliest Pandemic In History

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Effect of altitudes and harvesting stages on agronomic responses and chemical composition of Brachiaria grass cultivars in northwestern Ethiopia

Abstract The effects of altitude and harvesting stages on the performance of Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu, and La Libertad) and B. hybrid cv. Mulato II grass were evaluated in Ethiopia. The data collected consisted of plant height (PH), tiller density, number and length of leaves, and dry matter yield. Chemical analysis of forage samples was done for dry matter, ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). Results indicated that the highest PH was recorded at all sites by La Libertad which was followed by Mulato II and the highest DM yield by Mulato II followed by La Libertad. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in DM yield with increasing harvesting stages in cultivars. Except, ADF and ADL in Mulato II, NDF, ADF and ADL concentrations significantly (P<0.05) increased as harvesting time was delayed. CP content declined with increased harvesting stages. However, highest DMY and CP and lowest NDF and ADF concentrations were recorded by Mulato II. Overall results indicated that Brachiaria cultivars were affected by both harvesting stages and altitudes. In Ethiopia, exceptionally all cultivars had high nutritive value and DM yield by many folds in the highlands than of other countries reported and therefore, could be a potential livestock feed in the country.