Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Banking Sector as a Long-Term Catalyst for Economic Growth in Poland

This study investigates the banking sector's influence on Poland's economic growth from Q4 2010 to Q1 2023. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model with an Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) and Granger causality, the relationship between the banking sector and economic development in Poland is explored. The model includes macroeconomic control variables such as inflation, interest rates, the domestic demand to GDP ratio, the general business climate index in the industry, and a dummy variable to account for the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine conflict. Findings show an inverse relationship between the bank assets to GDP ratio and GDP growth in the short run. At the same time, a positive correlation is observed in the long run, underlining the banking sector's essential role in Poland's economic progression. Additional banking variables like Return on Assets (ROA), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), and the ratio of equity to assets were analysed. However, only the bank assets to GDP ratio exhibited a statistically significant positive long-term effect on Poland's GDP. This research offers crucial insights into the complex interplay between the banking sector and economic growth in Poland, with particular emphasis on recent geopolitical and pandemic events.
Physical properties of wood in white poplar clone ʻl-12ʼ grown in Republic of Croatia and Serbia

Due to increasing demand for forest products, fast-growing species such as poplars are grown in plantations to a larger extent. The quality of wood raw material depends to a greater extent on its physical properties. The available data on physical and mechanical properties of white poplar wood grown in Republic of Croatia and Serbia are insufficient. In this article, preliminary results on physical properties of white poplar clone 'L-12' wood grown in Republic of Croatia and Serbia are presented. Five representative trees of white poplar clone 'L-12’ from two sites were collected. One is located near the city of Osijek in the Republic of Croatia, within Osijek Podravina forests and the other one is located at Experimental Estate of the Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment “Kaćka šuma” near the city of Novi Sad in the Republic of Serbia. Both sites are representatives of breeding poplar plantations. The investigations were carried out using only segments with north and south orientation in wood at the breast height of each tree. The results of average values indicate that there is no significant difference in wood density in clone 'L-12' between two sites. There is significant difference in longitudinal, tangential and volume shrinkage and maximal moisture content between sites, but the difference, as far as practice is concerned, is negligible. For a better prediction of wood quality of clone 'L-12' further research on mechanical properties of wood is needed.
A Serious Game (“Fight With Virus”) for Preventing COVID-19 Health Rumors: Development and Experimental Study

Background Health rumors arbitrarily spread in mainstream social media on the internet. Health rumors emerged in China during the outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020. Many midelders/elders (age over 40 years) who lived in Wuhan believed these rumors. Objective This study focused on designing a serious game as an experimental program to prevent and control health rumors. The focus of the study was explicitly on the context of the social networking service for midelders/elders. Methods This research involved 2 major parts: adopting the Transmission Control Protocol model for games and then, based on the model, designing a game named “Fight With Virus” as an experimental platform and developing a cognitive questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. The relevant variables for this experimental study were defined, and 10 hypotheses were proposed and tested with an empirical study. In total, 200 participants were selected for the experiments. By collecting relevant data in the experiments, we conducted statistical observations and comparative analysis to test whether the experimental hypotheses could be proved. Results We noted that compared to traditional media, serious games are more capable of inspiring interest in research participants toward their understanding of the knowledge and learning of health commonsense. In judging and recognizing the COVID-19 health rumor, the test group that used game education had a stronger ability regarding identification of the rumor and a higher accuracy rate of identification. Results showed that the more educated midelders/elders are, the more effective they are at using serious games. Conclusions Compared to traditional media, serious games can effectively improve midelders’/elders’ cognitive abilities while they face a health rumor. The gameplay effect is related to the individual’s age and educational background, while income and gender have no impact.
Customer Value Analysis of Hydroponic and Organic Vegetable Products with Conjoint Analysis Approach

The aim of this study is to analyze costumer value by their preferences on organic and hydroponic vegetables. This study conducted in Bengkayang, West Kalimantan with the member of Christian Women of Indonesia as participants. This study conducted with conjoint analysis approach. This research found that there are four important things for the consumer to make a purchase decision for this hydroponic and organic vegetables. They are packaging, kind of vegetables, price, and the label of brand. Producent can use this research findings to build a strategy for their product management.
Adsorptive Removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand Using Eggshells and Tea Waste Entrapped in Calcium Alginate

This study aims to assess the efficiency of two agricultural wastes as biosorbents to remove the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from a batik wastewater sample. COD-containing batik wastewater was treated with a combination of biosorbents by eggshells and tea waste activated using H? SO? and then immobilized in calcium alginate through the entrapment technique. The contact time, pH, and biosorbent dose were all investigated to examine the efficiency of biosorbent to remove COD. The independent variables for the optimization process are the contact time (47.13, 50, 60, 70, and 72.87 min), pH of the samples (1.71, 2,3, 4, and 4.28), and the ratio of the number of biosorbent between eggshells: tea waste (2.67:12.33, 3.75:11.25, 7.5:7.5, 11.25:3.75, and 12.33:2.67). The Characterization of the biosorbents was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. The results show that eggshells and tea waste immobilized by calcium alginate with a ratio of 2.67 g: 12.33 g, a contact time of 60 min, and a sample pH of 3 are 89% effective in removing the COD in batik wastewater samples.
Reservoir Characteristics and Preservation Conditions of Longmaxi Shale in the Upper Yangtze Block, South China

The Upper Ordovician‐Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale in the Upper Yangtze block represents one of the most important shale gas plays in China. The shale composition, porosity, organic thermal maturity, and methane sorption were investigated at the Qilongcun section in the Dingshan area, southeastern Sichuan Basin. The results show that the Upper Ordovician‐Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale contains: (1) sapropelic I organic matter; (2) a 40‐m thick bedded sequence where total organic carbon (TOC) content is > 2%; (3) a 30m thick layer at the base of the Longmaxi Shale with a brittle mineral content higher than 50%; and (4) a mean methane adsorption capacity of 1.80 cm3/g (7 MPa pressure). A positive correlation between TOC and sorbed gas indicates that organic matter content exerts an important control on methane storage capacity. Based on the analysis of the shale reservoir characteristics, the lower member of the Longmaxi Shale can thus be considered a favorable stratum for shale gas exploration and exploitation. It has similar reservoir characteristics with the Longmaxi Shale in the Jiaoshiba area tested with a high‐yield industrial gas flow. However, based on tectonic analysis, differences in the level of industrial gas flow between the low‐yield study area and the high‐yield Jiaoshiba area may result from different tectonic preservation conditions. Evidence from these studies indicates the shale gas potential of the Longmaxi Shale is constrained by the reservoir and preservation conditions.
Navigating Disclosure Obstacles Encountered by Individuals with HIV at Kakomo Healing Centre IV in Kabale District

HIV/AIDS remains a pressing global health concern, particularly impacting socio-economic development in various African nations, Uganda included. Revealing one's HIV-positive status to a family member or relative is crucial for adherence to effective antiretroviral therapy, which significantly enhances the survival and well-being of those living with HIV. To evaluate the hurdles faced by individuals with HIV at Kakomo HC IV in Kabale District regarding disclosure and to curtail new infections in this community, a descriptive crosssectional study was conducted. The study sampled individuals living with HIV at Kakomo HC IV randomly, utilizing a pretested questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The gathered data underwent coding, sorting, entry, and analysis through statistical software (SPSS), presented via tables and charts. Findings revealed that only 40 (50.6%) were adequately prepared before disclosing their status, while 30 (37.0%) neither prepared nor disclosed to anyone. 61 (63.5%) received education on the importance of disclosure during clinic visits, but 26 (46.4%) neither disclosed nor received such education. Barriers to disclosure primarily stemmed from anxiety about blame, stigma, fear of losing a partner, and violence among 18 (54.5%), 19 (52.8%), 30 (39.0%), and 2 (18.2%) individuals, respectively. Despite 62 (43.4%) intending to disclose to someone, 88 (98.9%) faced barriers to disclosing their status. Misconceptions in 51 (31.9%) communities and potential discrimination by families in the same proportion highlighted the challenges. Consequently, 123 (76.9%) still fear others spreading word of their HIV-positive status. Understanding disclosure motivations is crucial, requiring tailored strategies for decisionmaking based on the discloser's needs and their intended audience. The significance of support, proximity, and relational dynamics between the discloser and the recipient emphasizes the necessity for a secure environment during disclosure. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Antiretroviral therapy, HIV-positive, HIV status, Stigma.
Medication adherence in schizophrenia: The role of family supervision, dosage frequency and medication knowledge

BACKGROUND: Non adherence to antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia leads to frequent relapses, poor treatment outcome, reduced quality of life and significant increases in healthcare cost in a resource poor country and a healthcare system already overburdened by infectious illnesses and other diseases. This study verified the adherence of people with schizophrenia and compared among adherent and non-adherent patients the impact of supervised treatment, regimen complexity and patients' understanding of medication regimen.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of poor treatment adherence to anti-psychotic medications and to explore its association with these potentially modifiable factors.Method: This study is a cross sectional study of outpatients with schizophrenia in a tertiary healthcare facility in southeast Nigeria (n=150). The participants were aged 18 years and above, with illness duration of at least one year who have been on oral antipsychotic medications were selected using systematic sampling. They were assessed for socio-demographic details, dosage frequency, understanding of treatment regimen and availability of treatment supervision.Results: The prevalence of treatment non-adherence was 52%. The factor most significantly associated with adherence was availability of treatment supervision (OR 0.055, 95%CI= 0.021-0.142 p-value <0.001). Other significant variables on univariate analysis include marital status (x2=5.035,df=1,p=0.03), number of tablets taken per day (x2=10.667,df=1,p=0.01) and patients' living arrangement (x2=4.287,df=1,p=0.03). The non-adherent patients were more likely to be living alone, less likely to be married, less likely to have supervised treatment and also less likely to be employed. Conclusion: Adherence to antipsychotic medications among patients with schizophrenia is suboptimal. Active intervention strategies should take these factors into consideration while implementing programmes to improve adherence behaviour among out-patients with schizophrenia.
Assimilation of surface velocities acquired between 1996 and 2010 to constrain the form of the basal friction law under Pine Island Glacier

In ice‐sheet models, slip conditions at the base between the ice and the bed are parameterized by a friction law. The most common relation has two poorly constrained parameters, C and m. The basal slipperiness coefficient, C, depends on local unobserved quantities and is routinely inferred using inverse methods. While model results have shown that transient responses to external forcing are highly sensitive to the stress exponent m, no consensus value has emerged, with values commonly used ranging from 1 to ∞ depending on the slip processes. By assimilation of Pine Island Glacier surface velocities from 1996 to 2010, we show that observed accelerations are best reproduced with m≥5. We conclude that basal motion, in much of the fast flowing region, is governed by plastic deformation of the underlying sediments. This implies that the glacier bed in this area cannot deliver resistive stresses higher than today, making the drainage basin potentially more sensitive to dynamical perturbations than predicted with models using standard values m = 1 or 3.
The Discovery and Significance of the Fossil Woods in the Bottom of Chetougou Formation in Xiejia Section,Xining Basin

The original burial fossil woods excavation at the bottom of the Chetougou Formation in Xiejia section,Xining Basin,is not only the first found of the big plant fossil in the arid-semiarid region in NW China,but also greatly significant to research the evolution of plant ecological environment and even the tectonic movement in northeastern Tibetan Plateau.Through the comprehensive analysis of the buried fossil woods characteristics,rock-layer facies and sedimentary environment,we consider that they are adult trees growing near the bank of river,and spacing in the rows ranging from 3～8 meters,which formed the good plant communities with a certain spatial structure.Then,the uplift of the vicinal mountains and the development of arid climate in this area,the plants were buried and the metasomatism with plaster took place,and then formed the calcium sulfate fossil woods,which could show the climate deteriorated in the region since the early-Miocene.
No significant change of N6‐methyladenosine modification landscape in mouse brain after morphine exposure

Abstract Objectives N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays a crucial role in regulating neuroplasticity and different brain functions at the posttranscriptional level. However, it remains unknown whether m6A modification is involved in acute and chronic morphine exposure. Materials and methods In this study, we conducted a direct comparison of m6A levels and mRNA expression of m6A‐associated factors between morphine‐treated and nontreated C57BL/6 wild‐type mice. We established animal models of both acute and chronic morphine treatment and confirmed the rewarding effects of chronic morphine treatment using the conditioned place preference (CPP) assay. The activation status of different brain regions in response to morphine was assessed by c‐fos staining. To assess overall m6A modification levels, we employed the m6A dot blot assay, while mRNA levels of m6A‐associated proteins were measured using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. These analyses were performed to investigate whether and how m6A modification and m6A‐associated protein expression will change following morphine exposure. Results The overall m6A methylation and mRNA levels of m6A‐associated proteins were not significantly altered in brain regions that were either activated or not activated during acute morphine stimulation. Similarly, the overall m6A modification and mRNA levels of m6A‐associated proteins remained unaffected in several key brain regions associated with reward following chronic morphine exposure. Conclusion This study showed that the overall m6A modification level and mRNA expression levels of m6A‐associated factors were not affected after acute and chronic morphine exposure in different brain regions, indicating m6A modification may not be involved in brain response to morphine exposure.
Radiotherapy in Preclinical Models of Brain Metastases: A Review and Recommendations for Future Studies

Brain metastases (BMs) frequently occur in primary tumors such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, and are associated with notably short natural survival. In addition to surgical interventions, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, radiotherapy (RT) is a crucial treatment for BM and encompasses whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Validating the efficacy and safety of treatment regimens through preclinical models is imperative for successful translation to clinical application. This not only advances fundamental research but also forms the theoretical foundation for clinical study. This review, grounded in animal models of brain metastases (AM-BM), explores the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and emerging technologies such as nanomaterials and oxygen-containing microbubbles. Initially, we provided a concise overview of the establishment of AM-BMs. Subsequently, we summarize key RT parameters (RT mode, dose, fraction, dose rate) and their corresponding effects in AM-BMs. Finally, we present a comprehensive analysis of the current research status and future directions for combination therapy based on RT. In summary, there is presently no standardized regimen for AM-BM treatment involving RT. Further research is essential to deepen our understanding of the relationships between various parameters and their respective effects.
Discrepancy of social cognition between bipolar disorders and major depressive disorders

Abstract Background The research landscape examining social cognition (SC) impairment in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD) and bipolar disorders (BD) is notably scarce. Presently, assessments predominantly rely on static stimuli and self‐reported measures, which may not capture the dynamic dimensions of social cognition. Objectives This study aimed to validate the Chinese version of Movie Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC‐CH) and to investigate whether MDD and BD exhibit distinct patterns of SC impairments, shedding light on potential differences between these two mood disorders. Methods The study encompassed 197 participants, aged 18–65, distributed as follows: 21 BD, 20 MDD, and 156 healthy controls (HC). We focused on examining “cognitive” and “emotional” SC scores and “undermentalizing” and “overmentalizing” error patterns, with nonsocial inference as a control. Additional assessments included the Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). We also explored the association between depression severity (measured by the Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale, HDRS) and distinct SC dimensions between MDD and BD. Results The MASC‐CH exhibited strong validity and reliability for SC assessment. In group comparisons, BD participants scored significantly lower on MASC‐CH, while the MDD group scores were not significantly different from HC. Specifically, BD individuals had notably lower cognitive SC scores and made more undermentalizing and absence of mentalizing errors than MDD and HC. Additionally, a negative correlation between HDRS score and overmentalizing was observed in BD, not in the MDD. Conclusions The findings indicate that depression severity scores in BD were inversely related to MASC‐CH scores. In contrast, this relationship was not observed in the MDD group. These results underscore the importance of SC impairments as distinguishing characteristics of both BD and MDD. It provides valuable insights into the distinct social‐cognitive profiles of both mood disorders.
Gens PSD‐95 and GSK‐3β expression improved by hair follicular stem cells‐conditioned medium enhances synaptic transmission and cognitive abilities in the rat model of vascular dementia

Abstract Introduction Vascular dementia (VaD) is a common type of dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanism of conditioned medium (CM) in VaD. Material and methods The rats were divided into four groups of control (n = 9), sham‐operation (n = 10), VaD with vehicle (n = 9), and VaD with CM (n = 12) that received CM on days 4, 14, and 24 after 2VO. Before sacrificing the rats, cognitive performance was assessed through the open‐field (OP), passive‐avoidance, and Morris‐water maze. The field‐potential recording was used to investigate basal synaptic transmission (BST) and long‐term potentiation (LTP). Subsequently, the hippocampus was dissected, and real‐time PCR was used to quantify the expression levels of β1‐catenin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD‐95), and NR2B genes. Results The results indicated impaired performance in behavioral tests in 2VO rats, coupled with reductions in BST and LTP induction. The expression levels of β1‐catenin, IGF‐1, PSD‐95, and TGF‐β genes decreased, whereas NR2B and GSK‐3β expression increased. Treatment with CM restores the expression of PSD‐95 and GSK‐3β as well as fear‐memory, spatial learning, and grooming number without a positive effect on memory retrieval, time spent on the periphery and center of OP. The BST recovered upon administration of CM but, the LTP induction was still impaired. Conclusion The recovery of BST in VaD rats appears to be the most important outcome of this study which is caused by the improvement of gene expression and leads to the restoration of fear memory.