Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resolution numerique de problemes stationnaires et evolutifs non lineaires par la methode des inconnues incrementales

Ce travail est divise en trois parties: la premiere porte sur l'etude de problemes stationnaires. Nous commencons par considerer l'equation de poisson en dimensions un, deux et trois. Nous montrons que la methode des inconnus incrementales est comparable a une methode multigrille classique en dimension deux. Nous proposons ensuite une extension des formules en dimension trois. Une determination numerique des conditionnements des matrices et des comparaisons en temps calcul concluent a l'effet preconditionneur de nos schemas. Une analyse informatique permet d'apprecier les performances vectorielles des programmes. On finit par donner une nouvelle utilisation des schemas sur un probleme non lineaire en dimension deux. La seconde partie definit des formulations multi-niveaux pour la resolution (vectorielle et parallele) d'equations evolutives non lineaires en dimensions un et deux. Nous justifions egalement l'interet de nos schemas pour l'etude de couches limites, de nouveaux concepts (distinction d'echelles, couplage lineaire et non lineaire d'equations sur plusieurs grilles) et l'analyse a priori et a posteriori des solutions. On teste nos schemas sur les equations de burgers. La derniere partie porte sur la resolution de l'equation de navier-stokes en dimension deux, en formulation vorticite-fonction de courant. Nous presentons deux nouveaux schemas que nous appliquons d'abord au test de la cavite entrainee non regularisee dans un domaine carre. Apres une etude approfondie des solutions stationnaires, nous verifions que pour un nombre de reynolds re = 12500 la solution devient periodique (et pressentons ce resultat pour re = 10000). Une etude similaire mais moins detaillee est presentee pour la cavite double. Nous verifions, par ailleurs, l'adequation de tous nos schemas avec les calculateurs vectoriels
TANDO: A Corpus for Document-level Machine Translation

Document-level Neural Machine Translation aims to increase the quality of neural translation models by taking into account contextual information. Properly modelling information beyond the sentence level can result in improved machine translation output in terms of coherence, cohesion and consistency. Suitable corpora for context-level modelling are necessary to both train and evaluate context-aware systems, but are still relatively scarce. In this work we describe TANDO, a document-level corpus for the under-resourced Basque-Spanish language pair, which we share with the scientific community. The corpus is composed of parallel data from three different domains and has been prepared with context-level information. Additionally, the corpus includes contrastive test sets for fine-grained evaluations of gender and register contextual phenomena on both source and target language sides. To establish the usefulness of the corpus, we trained and evaluated baseline Transformer models and context-aware variants based on context concatenation. Our results indicate that the corpus is suitable for fine-grained evaluation of document-level machine translation systems.
Potential of Palm Bunch Ash Application on the Growth and Yield of Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)

An experiment to investigate the effect of Palm Bunch (PBA) Ash on the growth of okra was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri, during the cropping season of 2014. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications 100g, 200g and 300g of PBA concentrations were used for the experiment while the no PBA (0g) represented the control. The various rates of PBA were incorporated into the soil two weeks prior to sowing, as one dose application. Data were collected on various parameters and recorded for analysis. Results showed that PBA application improved soil status and increased pH. In terms of germination, the PBA treated plots (100g PBA) gave the highest (74.79%) emergence compared to the control. In terms of plant growth and development, PBA treated plots showed great potentials with the highest plant height (33.250) stem girth (4.85cm), number of leaves (21.25), leaf area (229.89cm 2 ) and also in terms of plant aspects PBA plots recorded significantly different (P<0.05) values with the highest (0.579) relative growth rate. The highest dry weight of root and shoots (11.97g and 31.73g respectively were obtained from PBA plots, which was significant. It was concluded that PBA application at 100g rate was optimal for improving vegetative growth of okra and soil nutrient status, and that 300g rate was optimal for improving fruit yield of okra. It was recommended that small holder farmers should adopt PBA application as a soil amendment tool for increased productivity.
Sensitivity to Phosphonoacetic Acid: a New Phenotype to Probe DNA Polymerase Delta in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A mutant allele ( pol3-L612M ) of the DNA polymerase delta gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was constructed that confers sensitivity to the antiviral drug, phosphonoacetic acid (PAA). We report that PAA-sensitivity tagging DNA polymerases is a useful method to selectively and reversibly inhibit one type of DNA polymerase. Our initial studies reveal that replication by the L612M-DNA pol delta requires Rad27 flap endonuclease activity since the pol3-L612M strain in not viable in the absence of RAD27 function. The L612M-DNA pol delta also strongly depends on mismatch repair (MMR). Reduced viability is observed in the absence of any of the core MMR proteins - Msh2, Mlh1 or Pms1 and severe sensitivity to PAA is observed in the absence of the core proteins, Msh6 or Exo1, but not Msh3. We propose that pol3-L612M cells need the Rad27 flap endonuclease and MMR complexes composed of Msh2/Msh6, Mlh1/Pms1 and Exo1 for correct processing of Okazaki fragments.
AN INITIAL MASS FUNCTION FOR INDIVIDUAL STARS IN GALACTIC DISKS. I. CONSTRAINING THE SHAPE OF THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION

We derive a semi-empirical galactic initial mass function (IMF) from observational constraints. We assume that the IMF, ψ(m), is a smooth function of the stellar mass m. The mass dependence of the proposed IMF is determined by five parameters: the low-mass slope γ, the high-mass slope −Γ (taken to be −1.35), the characteristic mass mch (∼ the peak mass of the IMF), and the lower and upper limits on the mass, mℓ and mu (taken to be 0.004 and 120 M☉, respectively): ψ(m)dln m ∝ m−Γ{1 − exp [ − (m/mch)γ+Γ]}dln m. The values of γ and mch are derived from two integral constraints: (1) the ratio of the number density of stars in the range m = 0.1–0.6 M☉ to that in the range m = 0.6–0.8 M☉ as inferred from the mass distribution of field stars in the local neighborhood and (2) the ratio of the number of stars in the range m = 0.08–1 M☉ to the number of brown dwarfs in the range m = 0.03–0.08 M☉ in young clusters. The IMF satisfying the above constraints is characterized by the parameters γ = 0.51 and mch = 0.35 M☉ (which corresponds to a peak mass of 0.27 M☉ ). This IMF agrees quite well with the Chabrier IMF for the entire mass range over which we have compared with data, but predicts significantly more stars with masses <0.03 M☉; we also compare with other IMFs in current use and give a number of important parameters implied by the IMFs.
Intermediated Trade The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

This paper develops a simple model of international trade with intermediation. We consider an economy with two islands and two types of agents, farmers and traders. Farmers can produce two goods, but in order to sell these goods in centralized (Walrasian) markets, they need to be matched with a trader, and this entails costly search. In the absence of search frictions, our model reduces to a standard Ricardian model of trade. We use this simple model to contrast the implications of changes in the integration of Walrasian markets, which allow traders from di⁄erent islands to exchange their goods, and changes in the access to these Walrasian markets, which allow farmers to trade with traders from di⁄erent islands. We (cid:133)nd that intermediation always magni(cid:133)es the gains from trade under the former type of integration, but leads to more nuanced welfare results under the latter, including the possibility of aggregate losses. Nottingham, Boston Paris of excellent research assistance.
Reasoning with Cases and Deep Learning

Businesses can benefit greatly from analysing their document assets. These can vary greatly from plain text messages across customer support tickets to complex message exchanges and workflow logs within countless business transactions. Decoding text-based domain knowledge can be a challenging task due to the need for a comprehensive representation and evaluation of the business process ontology, activities, rules and paths. To provide an adequate process coverage, significant time and monetary resources should be invested as well as a high maintenance portfolio, especially for large processes and environments that change dynamically. This work investigates a novel natural language processing path which combines Case-based Reasoning and Deep Neural Networks. Our aim is to minimize the effort from domain experts while extracting domain knowledge from rich text, containing domain abbre-viations, grammatically incorrect text and mixed language. Our proposed approach seems promising and a possible future direction in the industry
A Dynamic Interplay of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles and Galectin-1 Reprograms Viral Latency during HIV-1 Infection

Antiretroviral therapy has led to a dramatic reduction in HIV-related morbidity and mortality. However, cART does not eradicate the virus, which persists in resting CD4+ T cells as the main viral reservoir, consequently requiring lifelong treatment. ABSTRACT Combined Antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppresses HIV replication but fails to eradicate the virus, which persists in a small pool of long-lived latently infected cells. Immune activation and residual inflammation during cART are considered to contribute to viral persistence. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, play central roles in host-pathogen interactions and inflammatory responses. Depending on their structure, glycan binding specificities and/or formation of distinct multivalent signaling complexes, different members of this family can complement, synergize, or oppose the function of others. Here, we identify a regulatory circuit, mediated by galectin-1 (Gal-1)–glycan interactions, that promotes reversal of HIV-1 latency in infected T cells. We found elevated levels of circulating Gal-1 in plasma from HIV-1-infected individuals, which correlated both with inflammatory markers and the transcriptional activity of the reservoir, as determined by unspliced-RNA (US-RNA) copy number. Proinflammatory extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from the plasma of HIV-infected individuals induced Gal-1 secretion by macrophages. Extracellularly, Gal-1 interacted with latently infected resting primary CD4+ T cells and J-LAT cells in a glycan-dependent manner and reversed HIV latency via activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, CD4+ T cells isolated from HIV-infected individuals showed increased HIV-1 transcriptional activity when exposed to Gal-1. Thus, by modulating reservoir dynamics, EV-driven Gal-1 secretion by macrophages links inflammation with HIV-1 persistence in cART-treated individuals. IMPORTANCE Antiretroviral therapy has led to a dramatic reduction in HIV-related morbidity and mortality. However, cART does not eradicate the virus, which persists in resting CD4+ T cells as the main viral reservoir, consequently requiring lifelong treatment. A major question is how the functional status of the immune system during antiretroviral therapy determines the activity and size of the viral reservoir. In this study, we identified a central role for galectin-1 (Gal-1), a glycan-binding protein released in response to extracellular vesicles (EVs), in modulating the activity of HIV reservoir, thus shaping chronic immune activation in HIV-infected patients. Our work unveils a central role of Gal-1 in linking chronic immune activation and reservoir dynamics, highlighting new therapeutic opportunities in HIV infection.
On the Randic and degree distance indices of the Mycielskian of a graph

In a search for triangle-free graphs with arbitrarily large chromatic numbers, Mycielski developed a graph transformation that transforms a graph into a new graph which is called the Mycielskian of that graph. In this paper we provide some sharp bounds for the Randic index of the Mycielskian graphs. Also, we determine the degree distance index of the Mycielskian of each graph with diameter two.
The galaxy-wide initial mass function of dwarf late-type to massive early-type galaxies

Observational studies are showing that the galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function are top-heavy in galaxies with high star-formation rates (SFRs). Calculating the integrated galactic stellar initial mass function (IGIMF) as a function of the SFR of a galaxy, it follows that galaxies which have or which formed with SFRs > 10 M⊙ yr −1 would have a top-heavy IGIMF in excellent consistency with the observations. Consequently and in agreement with observations, elliptical galaxies would have higher M/L ratios as a result of the overabundance of stellar remnants compared to a stellar population that formed with an invariant canonical stellar initial mass function (IMF). For the Milky Way, the IGIMF yields very good agreement with the disk- and the bulge-IMF determinations. Our conclusions are that purely stochastic descriptions of star formation on the scales of a pc and above are falsified. Instead, star formation follows the laws, stated here as axioms, which define the IGIMF theory. We also find evidence that the power-law index β of the embedded cluster mass function decreases with increasing SFR. We propose further tests of the IGIMF theory through counting massive stars in dwarf galaxies.
Disparities in Student Misconduct in Higher Education for Students From Underrepresented Racial Backgrounds or Non-Citizen Visa Status

Abstract Disciplinary charges and sanctions at the K–12 level that previously demonstrated racial bias toward underrepresented racial groups (URGs) in both the severity of charge and sanction in the literature may continue to higher education; URGs received higher charges and sanctions in similar cases involving their White peers. We analyzed 4,761 disciplinary cases over seven years to determine if race, sex, or citizenships played a predictive role in severity of charge and sanction at a predominantly White institution. White students received higher charges than students from URGs. URGs received higher sanctions. URGs status predicted both higher charge and sanctions when less severe.
Multiscale modelling of the seismic response of shallow foundations on saturated granular soils

ABSTRACT This paper presents a multiscale approach to analyse the seismic response of a spread-footing system founded on saturated granular soil deposits that might be susceptible to liquefaction. The pore-fluid is idealised as a continuum by using a homogenised form of Navier-Stokes equations that accounts for the presence of the solid particles. These particles are modelled at a microscale using the discrete element method. The foundation is idealised as a square rigid block by generating a group of glued particles. Computational simulations were conducted to investigate the response of spread-footings on saturated deposits when subjected to a seismic excitation. For the considered closely-spaced foundation system, it is possible to have a foundation settlement smaller than the free-field. Stress overlap between neighbouring footings could lead to an increase in soil stiffness and less susceptibility to pore-pressure build-up and volume decrease compared with the free-field. The majority of the foundation settlement occurs during shaking, whereas settlement continues to accumulate post shaking in the free-field. Evaluation of the contribution of base and lateral walls of the foundation to the lateral response of the footing showed that the predominant contributors were the base shear force and walls normal to the direction of shaking.
The moderating effect of positive word-of-mouth between service quality and customer loyalty in the hospitality sector: A PLS-SEM approach

Abstract Aim/purpose – The main objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty and the moderating effect of positive word-of-mouth on this relationship in the hospitality sector, in North Central Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – The research adopted a quantitative technique. Data were collected through a survey technique and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0 was used for descriptive analysis. Then SmartPLS 3.3. 7 was employed to examine relations between service quality, customer loyalty, and positive word-of-moth. Findings – The current study confirmed that service quality had a significant positive relationship with customer loyalty and positive word-of-mouth moderates the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty. Research implications/limitations – The current study looked at the moderating effect of positive word-of-mouth on the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty in relation to the hospitality sector in North Central Nigeria. Originality/value/contribution – Examination of the moderating role of positive word- -of-mouth in this study has aided to fit into the literature gap.
Nonlinear convex and concave relaxations for the solutions of parametric ODEs

Convex and concave relaxations for the parametric solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are central to deterministic global optimization methods for nonconvex dynamic optimization and open‐loop optimal control problems with control parametrization. Given a general system of ODEs with parameter dependence in the initial conditions and right‐hand sides, this work derives sufficient conditions under which an auxiliary system of ODEs describes convex and concave relaxations of the parametric solutions, pointwise in the independent variable. Convergence results for these relaxations are also established. A fully automatable procedure for constructing an appropriate auxiliary system has been developed previously by the authors. Thus, the developments here lead to an efficient, automatic method for computing convex and concave relaxations for the parametric solutions of a very general class of nonlinear ODEs. The proposed method is presented in detail for a simple example problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HSV-1 Infection in Keratinocyte Cell Lines Treated with Mitotic HSV-1 Infection in Keratinocyte Cell Lines Treated with Mitotic Inhibitors Inhibitors

The hypothesis for this research was: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of murine keratinocyte cell lines (HEL-30 and PAM-212) treated with mitotic inhibitors leads to silencing of virus replication. At 0.1 (Multiplicity of infection) MOI, PAM-212 keratinocytes showed some cell lysis and viral plaques were seen in HEL-30 keratinocyte cultures. PAM-212 keratinocytes, infected at 0.01 MOI, were more susceptible to the lytic effect of HSV-1 than were HEL-30 cells. In this study, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUDR) treatment of both keratinocyte cell lines permitted an increased survival of HSV-1- infected keratinocytes, especially for PAM-212 cell line, which was further examined for the presence of sequestered virus after treatment with FUDR and infection with HSV-1. In this post-mitotic state, HSV-1-infected keratinocytes appeared to contain latent virus as suggested by the lack of virus plaques or cytopathic effect (CPE). After infection, these cells were examined for the presence of replicating HSV-1 in Vero cell overlays. Virus plaques were found, suggesting that latency may have been established.
in time and space: Evidence from dryland stream

Many ecosystems experience strong temporal variability in environmental conditions; yet, a clear picture of how niche and neutral processes operate to determine community assembly in temporally variable systems remains elusive. In this study, we constructed neutral metacommunity models to assess the relative importance of neutral processes in a spatially and temporally variable ecosystem. We analyzed macroinvertebrate community data spanning multiple seasons and years from 20 sites in a Sonoran Desert river network in Arizona. The model goodness-of-fit was used to infer the importance of neutral processes. Averaging over eight stream flow conditions across three years, we found that neutral processes were more important in perennial streams than in non-perennial streams (intermittent and ephemeral streams). Averaging across perennial and non-perennial streams, we found that neutral processes were more important during very high flow and in low flow periods; whereas, at very low flows, the relative importance of neutral processes varied greatly. These findings were robust to the choice of model parameter values. Our study suggested that the net effect of disturbance on the relative importance of niche and neutral processes in community assembly varies non-monotonically with the severity of disturbance. In contrast to the prevailing view that disturbance promotes niche processes, we found that neutral processes could become more important
BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online Rapid to threat-associated

Threat-related information strongly biases attention, particularly for high anxious individuals. It is less clear though what the consequences of attentional capture by threat are, and how this influences subsequent visual processing. This study examined how capture by threat influences visual search when attributes related to a threat reappear as task-irrelevant information. In Experiment 1, participants completed a search task preceded by task-irrelevant face cues on each trial expressing neutral, happy, or angry emotions. Faces were filtered to appear in different colors, where this color could match a non-emotional distractor object in the upcoming search display. While the color of neutral/happy face cues had no impact on performance, there was evidence that angry face colors delayed reaction times when this color reappeared, driven by a positive correlation between costs and individual differences in trait anxiety. Experiment 2 assessed whether this phenomenon would be more readily observed when designating face cues task-relevant. When participants attended to and memorized faces for occasional probe trials, color biases were now evident irrespective of the emotional valence of face cues and unaffected by trait anxiety levels. These results suggest that task-irrelevant threat stimuli are granted privileged depth of processing by high anxious individuals, triggering biased attention towards features related to this object. Such biases are not dependent on threat per se, occurring for other objects voluntarily processed to similar depth regardless of personality factors. This highlights that anxiety-related phenomena, such as delayed disengagement of spatial attention from threat, may stem from task-irrelevant visual working memory representation.