Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A FLOW-OF-FUNDS APPROACH TO SAVINGS MOBILISATION USING NIGERIAN DATA / L'APPROCHE DES FLUX DE CAISSE DANS LA MOBILISATION DE L'EPARGNE SUR LA BASE DE DONNEES DU NIGERIA

This paper distinguishes between three different types of saving, namely private, govern ment and foreign savings; and adopts a flow-of-funds approach to identify their main determinants with a view to enhancing their mobilisation. The approach adopted in volves a specification of basic structural equations for the various types of savings as well as an equilibrium condition between savings and investment; and then deriving an appropriate constrained stacked equation for these equations. The stacked equa tion is then estimated using time series data for Nigeria for the period 1960-88. It was found that private saving depends mainly on personal disposable income proxied by non-oil output, while both government and foreign savings depend on a variety of fac tors including oil price and real interest rate. Recommendations were then made on the basis of these results and limitations on government action. L'APPROCHE DES FLUX DE CAISSE DANS LA MOBILISATION DE L'EPARGNE SUR LA BASE DE DONNEES DU NIGERIA RESUME Cet article distingue trois types d'epargne a savoir I'epargne privee, celle du gouverne ment et celle des etrangers. L'article adopte I'approche du flux de caisse pour iden tifier les elements determinants de I'epargne en mettant /'accent sur sa mobilisation. L'approche adoptee implique une specification des equations structurelles de base pour les divers types d'epargne ainsi que la condition d'equilibre entre I'epargne et Tinvestissement; il en resulte ensuite une equation appropriee "ramassee"pour toutes ces equations. Cette equation "comprimee" (ou abregee) est ensuite estimee en usant les donnees du Nigeria pour la periode de temps allant de 1960 a 1988. Le resultat de cette enquete est que I'epargne privee depend principalement des revenus person nels disponibles procures par les revenus ne derivant pas du petrole tandis que, a la fois, I'epargne du gouvernement et celle des etrangers dependent d'une variete de facteurs incluant le flux du petrole et le taux d'interet reel. L 'article fait ensuite etat de recommandations basees sur les resultats et sur les limites de /'action gouvernementale.
Kerr black holes with electric charge and scalar hair

The Kerr solution [Kerr, 1963] describes a rotating black hole (BH) in vacuum General Relativity (GR). Shortly after its discovery, an electrically charged generalization thereof was found [Newman et al., 1965]. In the 1970s, powerful uniqueness theorems were established in vacuum and electro-vacuum GR, demonstrating these are the most general, physically acceptable, single BH solutions in vacuum or electro-vacuum GR. These findings led to two widespread beliefs: 1) BHs have “no-hair” [Ruffini and Wheeler, 1971], i.e, even in the presence of more generic matter contents, BH solutions should be described by only their mass, angular momentum and other charges associated to Gauss laws; 2) some particular bounds on the charge and angular momentum observed for these solutions are generic for BHs. Recently, however, it was found that BHs can carry scalar “hair” [Herdeiro and Radu, 2014]. These solutions, called Kerr BHs with scalar hair (KBHsSH), unveiled a mechanism that allows Kerr BHs to carry hair of different fields (scalar, vector,.) and with different properties. In this thesis, after a brief review of the standard BH solutions in GR, we will start by revisiting some of the techniques that allowed the construction of KBHsSH, that were obtained numerically. We shall illustrate the procedure by constructing the well known Kerr solution numerically, which allows us to test the accuracy of the method. We will then introduce some physical quantities of interest for BHs, relevant for the aforementioned bounds and illustrate their computation in Kerr-Newman and Kerr-Sen BHs. This will allow us to establish that these bounds are violated in terms of horizon quantities for these solutions. This is also the case for KBHsSH, for which, however, these bounds can be violated even in terms of asymptotic quantities. Finally we will construct electrically charged KBHsSH and study some of their physical properties. In particular we will show that the gyromagnetic ratio, g, of these solutions obeys g 6 2.
Dinaciclib synergizes with BH3 mimetics targeting BCL‐2 and BCL‐XL in multiple myeloma cell lines partially dependent on MCL‐1 and in plasma cells from patients

A better understanding of multiple myeloma (MM) biology has led to the development of novel therapies. However, MM is still an incurable disease and new pharmacological strategies are needed. Dinaciclib, a multiple cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, which inhibits CDK1, 2, 5 and 9, displays significant antimyeloma activity as found in phase II clinical trials. In this study, we have explored the mechanism of dinaciclib‐induced death and evaluated its enhancement by different BH3 mimetics in MM cell lines as well as in plasma cells from MM patients. Our results indicate a synergistic effect of dinaciclib‐based combinations with B‐cell lymphoma 2 or B‐cell lymphoma extra‐large inhibitors, especially in MM cell lines with partial dependence on myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL‐1). Simultaneous treatment with dinaciclib and BH3 mimetics ABT‐199 or A‐1155463 additionally showed a synergistic effect in plasma cells from MM patients, ex vivo. Altered MM cytogenetics did not affect dinaciclib response ex vivo, alone or in combined treatment, suggesting that these combinations could be a suitable therapeutic option for patients bearing cytogenetic alterations and poor prognosis. This work also opens the possibility to explore cyclin‐dependent kinase 9 inhibition as a targeted therapy in MM patients overexpressing or with high dependence on MCL‐1.
The role of frailty among the predictors of depression on informal caregivers of older adults: a mediation analysis

Providing care for older adults has been associated with the presence of depressive symptoms among their informal caregivers. Numerous caregivers and older adults' characteristics have been mentioned as predictors of caregivers' depression. However, studies dealing with the impact of older adults' frailty status on caregivers' depression are scarce. This study was conducted to clarify the precise relationship between caregivers' depression, caregivers' burden, caregivers' characteristics and patients' characteristics, including frailty, among the variables that may have an impact on caregivers' depression.
Knowledge networking among actors of the Rahad Agriculture Scheme, Gedarif State, Eastern Sudan.

The Establishment of the Rahad Agriculture Scheme in Eastern Sudan in the 1970s established an agricultural innovation system where different actors including research, extension, investment, and agro-pastoral farmers network in order to provide better livelihoods within the irrigated scheme area. This investigation focuses on the question of how knowledge of farming has been networked among the actors in the scheme so as to facilitate an innovation process within Rahad Scheme area. System thinking was suggested as a methodology to analyze knowledge networking among actors in Rahad. Accordingly, Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Knowledge Systems (RAAKS) was conducted to identify roles and objectives of relevant actors in Rahad. It was used to define knowledge sharing among actors, and finally RAAKS is to be used to suggest future strategies to improve knowledge networking among actors of Rahad Agriculture Scheme. Essential to achieving the objectives of the study is to understand the structures of the relations among different actors in the Rahad Agriculture Scheme; accordingly Social Network Analysis has been used to study the connections between the defined Rahad Scheme actors. The focus of the paper is to present the structure of what we call the Rahad Scheme formal network; direction, centrality, and density of connections among actors are discussed.
Effect of bleaching on color and surface topography of teeth with enamel caries treated with resin infiltration (ICON®) and remineralization (casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate)

Background: Dental bleaching is not recommended on teeth with enamel caries. Aim: The study aimed to assess the efficacy of in-office bleaching on demineralized enamel managed by resin infiltration (RI) as well as casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). Methodology: Forty-eight sound enamel specimens were divided into four groups based on the surface treatment performed before in-office bleaching. Group I consisted of no caries and no treatment (NT); Group II had artificial caries (AC) and NT; Group III had AC treated with RI, and Group IV had AC remineralized with CPP-ACP. Pre- and postbleaching teeth color and surface topography were evaluated using spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test were performed for inter-group comparisons. Results: The color change postbleaching was the least in Group IV; and this was significantly less than Group I (P < 0.05) and Group II (P < 0.001). The bleaching efficiency in Group III was not significantly different from the control group. In addition, the enamel topographic changes were less in the surface-treated group. Conclusion: RI can be considered a treatment modality for teeth with enamel caries requiring tooth whitening as the bleaching efficiency was like that of sound enamel.
Whole genome CRISPR screening strategy to identify genes contributing to SARS‐CoV‐2 spike and VSV‐G mediated entry

Understanding the cellular host factors that promote and inhibit viral entry is important for identifying viral countermeasures. CRISPR whole‐genome screens can be used to rapidly discover host factors that contribute to or impair viral entry. However, when using live viruses and cellular lethality for selection, these screens can identify an overwhelming number of genes without specificity for the stage of the viral infection cycle. New screening methods are needed to identify host machinery contributing to specific steps of viral infection. Here, we developed a CRISPR whole‐genome screen and counter‐screen strategy based on a pseudoviral platform that allowed identification of genes specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike and vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV‐G) mediated entry. Screening of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike and VSV‐G on the same lentiviral pseudovirus allowed the identification of entry‐specific genes relative to genes associated with retro‐transcription, integration, and reporter expression from the lentiviral pseudovirus. Second, a Cre‐Gag fusion protein packaged into the pseudovirus was used to bypass retro‐transcription and integration by directly activating a floxed fluorescent protein reporter upon entry reduced the number of gene hits and increase specificity for viral entry. Our approach correctly identified SARS‐CoV‐2 and VSV‐G receptors ACE2 and low‐density lipoprotein receptors, respectively, and distinguished genes associated with retroviral reporter expression from envelope‐mediated entry. Moreover, the CRE‐Gag fusion/flox reporter increased the screen specificity for viral entry‐associated genes. Validation of a few hits demonstrates that this approach distinguishes envelope‐specific host factors from genes affecting reporter expression. Overall, this approach provides a new strategy for identifying host genes influencing viral entry without the confounding complexity of live‐viral screens which produce long gene lists associated with all aspects of viral pathogenesis and replication.
Factors associated with preeclampsia among pregnant women in Gojjam zones, Amhara region, Ethiopia: a case-control study

Abstract Purpose Little is known about the factors contributing to preeclampsia in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine factors associated with preeclampsia among pregnant women in public hospitals. Methods and materials An institution based unmatched case-control study was conducted. Women with preeclampsia were cases, and those without preeclampsia were controls. The study participants were selected using the consecutive sampling method with a case-to-control ratio of 1:2. The data were collected through measurements and a face-to-face interview. Then the data were entered using Epi Info and exported to STATA 14 for analysis. The findings were presented in text, tables, and figures. Results About 51 (46.4%) of cases and 81 (36.8%) of controls had no formal education. Multiple gestational pregnancies (AOR = 2.75; 95% CI: 1.20–6.28); history of abortion (AOR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.31–7.70); change of paternity (AOR = 3.16, 95% CI: 1.47–6.83); previous use of implants (AOR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.13–0.96); and fruit intake during pregnancy (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.18–0.72) were associated factors of preeclampsia. Conclusion History of abortion, change of paternity, and multiple gestational pregnancies were risk factors for preeclampsia. Fruit intake during pregnancy and previous use of implant contraceptives were negatively associated with preeclampsia. Further studies should be conducted regarding the effect of prior implant use on preeclampsia. Healthcare providers should give special attention to women with a history of abortion and multiple gestational pregnancies during the ANC follow-up period. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is the second leading cause (14.0%) of maternal mortality next to haemorrhage. Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy problem that results in serious maternal and foetal complications. Preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of adverse foetal, neonatal, and maternal outcomes. The majority of deaths due to preeclampsia could be prevented through timely and effective care provision for pregnant women. There are limited studies conducted on the factors associated with preeclampsia in Ethiopia.
Rapid MR elastography of the liver for subsecond stiffness sampling

Depicting the stiffness of biological soft tissues, MR elastography (MRE) has a wide range of diagnostic applications. The purpose of this study was to improve the temporal resolution of 2D hepatic MRE in order to provide more rapid feedback on the quality of the wavefield and ensure better temporal sampling of respiration‐induced stiffness changes.
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Flow Augmentation in the Snake River, 1991-1995 : Phase I: Final Report

The purpose of this evaluation was to estimate the volume and shape of flow augmentation water delivered in the Snake Basin during the years 1991 through 1995, and to assess the biological consequences to ESA-listed salmon stocks in that drainage. HDR Engineering, Inc. calculated flow augmentation estimates and compared their values to those reported by agencies in the Northwest. BioAnalysts, Inc. conducted the biological evaluation.
Hydraulic Evaluation of a Community Managed Wastewater Stabilization Pond System in Bolivia

viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 6 CHAPTER 3: METHODS . 18 3.1 Study locations and system characteristics . 18 3.2 Dye study procedure . 19 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 25 4.1 Sludge depth calculation method . 28 4.2 Discussion of sludge volume determination method . 34 4.3 Computational fluid dynamics . 36 4.4 Computational fluid modeling results . 39 4.5 Dye tracer study results and discussion . 52 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 63 REFERENCES . 67 APPENDIX A: TRACER STUDY CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS . 72 A1 Lagoon parameters . 72 A2 Tracer field readings . 73 APPENDIX B: FLOW DATA COLLECTED IN THE FIELD AT THE LAGOON SYSTEM IN SAN ANTONIO . 79 B1 Flow averages recorded at sample point B. 79 APPENDIX C: TRACER CALCULATIONS FOR PARAMETERS NEEDED TO SOLVE FOR MHRT . 84 APPENDIX D: TRACER DATA EXTRAPOLATION. 90 D1 Initial simple R2 approximations . 90 D2 Simple models (TIS and DFRM) . 100
Effect of platelet-rich fibrin on periapical healing and resolution of clinical symptoms in patients following periapical surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Context: Adjuvant use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in many areas of dentistry is well documented. However, its role in periapical surgery remains contested which requires further clarification by a higher level of evidence. Aim: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of PRF on periapical surgery using meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCIENCE DIRECT, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR for randomized controlled trials (RCT) published until May 2021. Meta-analysis was performed for comparisons of baseline (pretreatment) versus posttreatment values for different measurement parameters (postoperative pain, peri apical healing both qualitatively and quantitatively). The risk of bias in all the included trials was assessed after the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results: Among the 356 eligible articles found in the initial search, 10 RCTs from 2011 through 2021 were included. Qualitative analysis of all the included studies showed that PRF may play a positive role in bone healing, reduction in periapical lesions, and enhancing quality of life using different imaging modalities. The results of the meta-analysis indicated a significant reduction in postoperative pain when PRF was used (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.515; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.061– 0.969;P = 0.026; I 2 = 0%). However, there was no statistically significant association observed while evaluating peri apical bone healing both qualitatively (odds ratio [OR] = 1.427; 95% CI = 0.309–6.584; P = 0.648) and quantitatively measured by Cone beam computed tomography (SMD = −0.264; 95% CI = −0.974–0.447;P = 0.454) between PRF and control group. Conclusions: Considering the notable benefits demonstrated by use of PRF, it may be considered as a valuable adjunct in periapical surgery. However, more high-quality trials are necessary to assess the exact role of PRF.
Prevalencia de Neuropatía Periférica en una Unidad de Diabetes

La principal complicacion cronica de la diabetes mellitus es la neuropatia, en particular la polineuropatia diabetica. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de polineuropatia y su asociacion a factores de riesgo y complicaciones cronicas en una unidad de diabetes. En una poblacion de 81 pacientes diabeticos, se encontro una prevalencia de polineuropatia de 34.6%. Es mas frecuente y severa en la poblacion de DM2, y se asocio con mayor tiempo de evolucion de la enfermedad y complicaciones microangiopaticas. La polineuropatia sintomatica predomino en el sexo femenino. Se concluye que la poblacion diabetica debe ser sometida a screening oportuno de polineuropatia.
Factors contributing to socio-economic inequality in utilization of caesarean section delivery among women in Indonesia: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey

Background Most of the existing literature in developing countries focused on either the rising trend of CS or its determinants. There is a paucity of population-based studies on existing socioeconomic inequalities in availing CS services by women in Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with caesarian section (CS) delivery and explore the various factors contributing to inequalities in CS delivery rates in Indonesia. Methods The study utilized nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), 2017. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to find the factors associated with CS delivery. Concentration index and Wagstaff’s decomposition analysis were used to examine the socioeconomic inequalities in CS delivery among women and associated factors. Results About 17% of women in Indonesia delivered babies through CS. A concentration index of 0.31 in CS delivery rate showed a higher CS delivery rate among women belonging to rich households. About 44.7% of socioeconomic status inequality in CS delivery was explained by educational status among women who went for CS delivery. Women’s place of residence explained 30.1% of socioeconomic inequality, and women’s age at first birth explained about 11.9% and reporting ANC visits explained 8.4% of the observed inequality. Highest socioeconomic inequality was witnessed in central Sulawesi (0.529), followed by Maluku (0.488) and West Kalimantan (0.457), whereas the lowest was recorded in Yogyakarta (0.021) followed by north Sulawesi (0.047) and east Kalimantan (0.171). Education (44.7%) followed by rural-urban place of residence (30.1%) and age of first birth (11.9%) contributed most to explain the gap in CS delivery among rich and poor women. Conclusion The study highlighted the higher CS delivery rates among women from higher socioeconomic groups and thus, it is important to frame policies after identifying the population subgroups with potential underuse or overuse of CS method of delivery.
A study on metabolic characteristics and metabolic markers of gastrointestinal tumors

ABSTRACT Tumor cells have significant heterogeneity in metabolism and are closely related to prognosis, gene mutation, and subtype. However, this association has not been demonstrated in reports of gastrointestinal tumors. In this study, we constructed four metabolic subtypes and identified four gene signatures using the expression data and clinical information of 252 metabolism-related genes from TCGA and NCBI databases for gastric adenocarcinoma (STAD) and colorectal cancer (COAD and READ). MC1 had the worst prognosis compared to other classifications. GSig1 was mainly related to drug metabolism and was the highest in MC1 with the worst prognosis, while the other subtypes were mainly related to glucose metabolism pathways. This difference also existed in other different malignant tumors. In addition, metabolic typing was associated with chemotherapeutic drug response and tumor heterogeneity, which indicated that monitoring metabolic typing could contribute to drug efficacy and gene-targeted therapy. In conclusion, we identified differences among subtypes in clinical characteristics such as prognosis and revealed the potential function of metabolic subtype in response to chemotherapeutic agents and oncogene mutations. This work highlighted the potential clinical meaning of metabolic subtype and characteristics in drug therapy and prognosis assessment of malignant tumors.