Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Immobilization and Leaching Characteristics of Arsenic in the Waste Rocks and Tailings of the Abandoned Mine Areas

EPMA determined that Fe(Mn)-(oxy)hydroxides and well-crystallized Fe-(oxy)hydroxides and could contain a small amount of As . Amorphous crystalline Fe-(oxy) hydroxide assemblages were identified as the richest in As with . On the ternary diagram, these materials were interpreted here as 'scorodite-like'. Dissolved As was attenuated by the adsorption on Fe-(oxy) hydroxides and Fe(Mn)-(oxy) hydroxides and/or the formation of an amorphous Fe-As phase (maybe scorodite: ). Leaching tests were performed in order to find out leaching characteristics of As and Fe under acidic conditions. At the initial pHs 3 and 5, As contents dissolved from tailings of the cheongyang mine significantly increased after 7 days due to the oxidation of As-bearing secondary minerals (up to ca. of total), while As of Seobo mine-tailing samples was rarely released (ca. of total). Dissolution experiments at an initial pH 1 liberated a higher amount of As (ca. of total for Seobo tailings, of total for Cheongyang tailings). In addition, good correlation between As and Fe in leached solutions with tailings was observed. The kinetic problems could be the important factor which leads to increasing concentrations of As in the runoff water. Release of As from Cheongyang tailings can potentially pose adverse impact to surface and groundwater qualities in the surrounding environment, while precipitation of secondary minerals and the adsorption of As are efficient mechanisms for decreasing the mobilities of As in the surface environment of Seobo mine area.
Efficacy of bio-fertilizers with NPK on growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. NASIK RED.

The present investigation was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Applied Plant Science (Horticulture), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow-226025 (U.P.), India during the Rabi season of the year 2008-09. The experiment was laid out under Randomized Block Design with three replications. On the basis of present investigation, it can be concluded that the application of Azospirillum + 100% NPK was proved best effective for higher bulb yield in onion in cv. NASIK RED. Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important vegetables crops among the bulb crops, belongs to the family Alliaceae and having chromosomes No. 2n = 16. It is cultivated in all parts of country. Onions are consumed in rather small quantities by most families. They are used in many houses almost daily primary as a seasoning for a wide variety dishes. Onion can be eaten raw or cooked. Raw onions are consumed as young green plants. Sometimes called spring onion or as bulbs, which are usually sliced or chopped, mild flavoured or colourful bulb onion are often chosen for sliced for cooking. Frequently, green onions are used. It is also use in processed form e.g. flakes, powder. For this purpose white varieties of onion are preferred. Alliums are characterized by the presence of remarkable, sulphurcontaining compounds, which give them their distinctive and pungency. Onion contains methyl and propyl derivatives of alien but not true Allin. Onion oil yields methyl and propyl compounds. A yield of 0.002-0.003% can be obtained by steam distillation from l00 g of fresh bulbs. There has been interest in medicinal effects of Alliums. It is known to benefit on the prevention and treatment of a tuberculosis and coronary heart disease. Experimental evidence indicates benefit from onion or its See end of the article for authors’ affiliations
Noninvasive cortical stimulation enhances motor skill acquisition over multiple days through an effect on consolidation

Motor skills can take weeks to months to acquire and can diminish over time in the absence of continued practice. Thus, strategies that enhance skill acquisition or retention are of great scientific and practical interest. Here we investigated the effect of noninvasive cortical stimulation on the extended time course of learning a novel and challenging motor skill task. A skill measure was chosen to reflect shifts in the task's speed–accuracy tradeoff function (SAF), which prevented us from falsely interpreting variations in position along an unchanged SAF as a change in skill. Subjects practiced over 5 consecutive days while receiving transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1). Using the skill measure, we assessed the impact of anodal (relative to sham) tDCS on both within-day (online) and between-day (offline) effects and on the rate of forgetting during a 3-month follow-up (long-term retention). There was greater total (online plus offline) skill acquisition with anodal tDCS compared to sham, which was mediated through a selective enhancement of offline effects. Anodal tDCS did not change the rate of forgetting relative to sham across the 3-month follow-up period, and consequently the skill measure remained greater with anodal tDCS at 3 months. This prolonged enhancement may hold promise for the rehabilitation of brain injury. Furthermore, these findings support the existence of a consolidation mechanism, susceptible to anodal tDCS, which contributes to offline effects but not to online effects or long-term retention.
Forage Particle Size and Ration Sorting in Lactating Dairy Cows

Three studies were conducted on early to late lactation Holstein dairy cows to examine the effects of forage particle size (FPS) and ration sorting on chewing behavior, ruminal fermentation, and milk yield and components. The objective of the first experiment was to study effects of replacing alfalfa haylage with dry chopped alfalfa hay in the ration on sorting activity and to determine effects on ruminal fermentation, milk production, or milk composition. In addition, a second objective of this study was to compare results of the PSPS and RTPS for the same TMR samples and to determine effects of separation method on particle size distribution. Ration FPS was varied by replacing alfalfa silage with dry chopped alfalfa hay. The levels of hay used were 5, 10, 20, and 40% of forage DM. The results of this study showed that sorting occurred in all rations, but there was only minimal difference in the type or degree of sorting between treatments and only during the first 4 h after feeding. Sorting activity was highest at the beginning of the d and by 24 h after feeding the diets consumed by the cows were not significantly different from the offered diets. There were no negative effects of including dry chopped alfalfa hay in rations up to 23.5% of ration DM on DM intake, milk yield, and rumen fermentation. Small decreases in milk fat and protein content were found to occur with increasing dry hay inclusion. Data from the Penn State and Ro-Tap particle separators were compared, when separating the same TMR samples, and it was determined that data obtained from these 2 methods of particle separation are not directly comparable and that method of particle separation should be considered when interpreting experimental results. The second experiment’s objective was to study the interactions between FPS and ruminally fermentable carbohydrates (RFC) for ration sorting, ruminal fermentation, chewing activity, and milk yield and components. This study varied FPS and RFC by feeding 2 lengths of corn silage and 2 grind sizes of corn grain. The results showed that altering RFC had greater
Improved Exploitation of Field Data Sets to Address Aerosol Radiative-Climatic Effects and Development of a Global Aerosol Climatology

The goals of this research are to (A) improve understanding of aerosol radiative forcing of climate and (B) help guide the development of an aerosol climatology. Our proposed approach is to improve the exploitation of data already acquired in two multiplatform field experiments, the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX) and the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2), plus other experiments when appropriate. The objectives are given by the following task specifications:
Eddy-driven and Subtropically-influenced Jet Variability Structures in the Observed Three-dimensional Zonal Wind Field

This study investigates the three-dimensional structure of extratropical tropospheric zonal wind variability in the ERA-40 reanalysis using a variety of horizontal, vertical and three-dimensional EOF-based analyses. Leading PCs of zonal wind and near-surface geopotential height are linked, but the correspondence is not one-to-one and the relationship is both height- and sector-dependent. The height-dependence has one of two characteristic shapes consistent with either eddy-driven or subtropically-influenced jet variability. The leading three-dimensional EOFs of the zonal wind field have a clearer relationship with eddy-driven or subtropically-influenced jet variability and explain more zonal wind variance than alternative indices. The relative importance of annular variability in the Northern Hemisphere is concentrated at low frequencies, suggesting different dynamics are important on different time scales and that much of the month-to-month variability occurs in sectors. Sector-based analyses in the Northern Hemisphere are also generally more statistically robust and dynamically intuitive than hemisphere-based analyses. The results suggest the generic co-existence of eddy-driven and subtropically-influenced jet variability, and that the relative dominance of one over the other is governed by the different jet configurations that exist in the various hemispheres and / or sectors: (1) North Atlantic variability is predominantly eddy-driven, (2) North Pacific variability is predominantly subtropically-influenced, and (3) Southern Hemisphere variability is predominantly eddy-driven, except in the South Pacific, where evidence of subtropically-influenced variability also exists.
A phase 1/2 study of lenalidomide with low-dose oral cyclophosphamide and low-dose dexamethasone (RdC) in AL amyloidosis.

In this phase 1/2 study, we explored the feasibility and activity of an oral regimen of lenalidomide with low-dose dexamethasone and low-dose oral cyclophosphamide (RdC) in patients with primary systemic light chain amyloidosis. RdC was given for up to 12 cycles in prespecified cohorts at escalated doses: 13 patients were treated in phase 1 and 24 in phase 2; 65% were previously untreated, and most had renal and/or cardiac involvement and elevated cardiac biomarkers. Lenalidomide 15 mg/d and cyclophosphamide 100 mg/d were further evaluated in phase 2. On intention to treat, 20 (55%) patients achieved a hematologic response, including 3 (8%) complete remissions. Hematologic responses were seen at all dose levels and in 4 of 5 patients who had received bortezomib previously. An organ response was recorded in 22% of patients on intention-to-treat and in 40% of patients who survived at least 6 months. The median time to progression was 10 months and the 2-year survival was 41%. Fatigue, nonneutropenic infections, and rash were the most common toxicities. The results of the present study show that RdC is an oral regimen with activity in primary systemic light chain amyloidosis and may be an additional treatment option, especially for patients with preserved organ function or for patients who cannot receive or who relapse after bortezomib. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00981708.
Saturation-based decision procedures for extensions of the guarded fragment

We apply the framework of Bachmair and Ganzinger for saturation-based theorem proving to derive a range of decision procedures for logical formalisms, starting with a simple terminological language EL, which allows for conjunction and existential restrictions only, and ending with extensions of the guarded fragment with equality, constants, functionality, number restrictions and compositional axioms of form S ◦ T ⊆ H. Our procedures are derived in a uniform way using standard saturation-based calculi enhanced with simplification rules based on the general notion of redundancy. We argue that such decision procedures can be applied for reasoning in expressive description logics, where they have certain advantages over traditionally used tableau procedures, such as optimal worst-case complexity and direct correctness proofs. Wir wenden das Framework von Bachmair und Ganzinger fur saturierungsbasiertes Theorembeweisen an, um eine Reihe von Entscheidungsverfahren fur logische Formalismen abzuleiten, angefangen von einer simplen terminologischen Sprache EL, die nur Konjunktionen und existentielle Restriktionen erlaubt, bis zu Erweiterungen des Guarded Fragment mit Gleichheit, Konstanten, Funktionalitat, Zahlenrestriktionen und Kompositionsaxiomen der Form S ◦ T ⊆ H. Unsere Verfahren sind einheitlich abgeleitet unter Benutzung herkommlicher saturierungsbasierter Kalkule, verbessert durch Simplifikationsregeln, die auf dem Konzept der Redundanz basieren. Wir argumentieren, das solche Entscheidungsprozeduren fur das Beweisen in ausdrucksvollen Beschreibungslogiken angewendet werden konnen, wo sie gewisse Vorteile gegenuber traditionell benutzten Tableauverfahren besitzen, wie z.B. optimale worst-case Komplexitat und direkte Korrektheitsbeweise.
A Geometric Approach to Device-Free Motion Localization Using Signal Strength

In this work we describe and evaluate an approach to accurately infer the position in a building where human motion occurs. Our approach does not require the humans to wear any type of device. Such passive mobility localization is applicable in a wide variety of application domains, including those in security, human workflows, and systems management. We position human motion using the change in standard deviation of the received signal strength between stationary transmitters and receiver s at known locations. Using a modest transmission rate of once per second, we localize the motion at 2-5 second timescales using a lines-intersecting-tiles method where each line is a straight path between a transmitter and receiver. Our algorithm returns a set of rectangular tiles where the motion has occurred. We experimentally validate our scheme in two different building environments, one containing a cluttered space and a second with a more open arrangement. We show good results for basic mobility detection, with a low number of false positives and negatives. We show that we can localize human motion with a median error of less than 20 ft. We can achieve these results with a modest density of inexpensive active RFID tags, one per 500 ft. We also explored how our results degrade with reduced density of transmitters and receivers, and show our mobility detection rates remain good although the geometric precision of the results degrades in line with the density of transmitters.
Risk and Protective Factors of Emotional and Behavioral Problems in School Children: A Prevalence Study

A sample of 5053 school children (51% girls and 49% boys) with the age range of 13-17 (M = 14.40, SD = 1.25) from 43 government schools in the city of Lahore were selected through multistage sampling method. An indigenously developed School Children Problems Scale (SCPS; Saleem and Mahmood, 2011) was used as a self report measure to determine the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems of children. Going by the intensity measure on the total of SCPS 31% participants fell in the severe category (one standard deviation above the mean) of these 16% fell in the very severe category (two standard deviations above the mean). By the frequency count, 21% of the sample scored above the 90th percentile. The most frequently reported problem was Anxiousness (16%) followed by Feelings of Rejection (15%) and Academic Problems (15%). Results are discussed in terms of the manifestation of emotional and behavioral problems in school children in traditional and collectivistic cultures, and their relationship with social demographic factors was also explored.
Confronting Information Asymmetries : Evidence from Real Estate Markets

There are relatively few direct tests of the economic effects of asymmetric information because of the difficulty in identifying exogenous information measures. We propose a novel exogenous measure of information based on the quality of property tax assessments in different regions and apply this to the U.S. commercial real estate market. We find strong evidence that information considerations are significant. Market participants resolve information asymmetries by purchasing nearby properties, trading properties with long income histories, and avoiding transactions with informed professional brokers. The evidence that the choice of financing is used to address information concerns is mixed and weak. ∗We thank Michael Arabe, John Edkins, and Peggy McNamara as well as COMPS.com for providing commercial real estate data. We are grateful to Stephen Cauley for his assistance and advice and have benefitted from the suggestions of Ulf Axelson, David Barker, Doug Diamond, Gene Fama, Will Goetzmann, Campbell Harvey, Owen Lamont, Todd Milbourn, Ari Weinberger, an anonymous referee, and seminar participants at MIT, the University of Rochester, Columbia, the University of Chicago, Harvard Business School, and the NBER Public Policy and Real Estate Summer Institute meetings. We also thank Kathy Burson and Xia Chen for excellent research assistance. Garmaise thanks the Center for Research in Security Prices and the Dimensional Fund Advisors Research Fund for financial support. Moskowitz thanks the Center for Research in Security Prices, the Dimensional Fund Advisors Research Fund, and the James S. Kemper Foundation for financial support. Much of this work was completed while the first author was at the Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago. Correspondence to: Tobias Moskowitz, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago, 1101 E. 58th St., Chicago, IL 60637. E-mail: tobias.moskowitz@gsb.uchicago. edu. Copyright (c) 2003 The Society for Financial Studies RFS Advance Access published August 11, 2003
Individuals and Teams in UMTS-License Auctions

We examine bidding behaviour of individuals and teams in an experimental auction resembling UMTS-license auctions. Even though in reality teams were largely involved in those auctions, experimental studies on bidding in auctions have so far relied on individual bidders. Our results show that teams stay on average longer in an (ascending sealed-bid English) auction and pay significantly higher prices than individuals. Consequently, teams make smaller profits and suffer more often the winner's curse. The auction's efficiency is nevertheless higher with teams, since the bidders with the highest valuation are more likely to win the auction when teams bid.
COMMUNITY CONSEQUENCES OF HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENT

A STATE-OR-THE-ART APPRAISAL WAS MADE OF STUDIES CONDUCTED THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES CONCERNING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF VARIOUS TYPES OF FREEWAY FACILITIES. THE LARGEST VOLUME OF LITERATURE OCCURS IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF BYPASSES, PARTICULARLY UPON SMALL COMMUNITIES. SUBSEQUENT FINDINGS REVEAL THAT NO GENERALIZATION CAN BE MADE THAT BYPASSES AID LOCAL BUSINESS ON THE BYPASSED COMMUNITY, OTHER THAN IN SOME REDUCTION OF CONGESTION OR INCREASE OF PEDESTRIAL AMENITY ALONG THE BYPASSED ROADS. NEXT IN SIGNIFICANCE TO THE BYPASS STUDIES ARE THE URBAN FREEWAY STUDIES, WHICH HAVE DEALT MAINLY WITH LAND VALUE CHANGES IN VARIOUS DISTANCE BANDS FROM AN URBAN RADIAL FREEWAY AND AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES FROM THE CENTRAL FOCUS OF THE URBAN REGION. THE APPARENT CONCLUSION FROM THESE STUDIES IS THAT LAND VALUES ARE MATERIALLY ENHANCED BY PROXIMITY TO A FREEWAY IN AN URBAN RADIAL CORRIDOR. THE FEW STUDIES DEALING WITH CIRCUMFERENTIAL ROADS IN URBAN AREAS ARE TOO DIVERSE IN THEIR NATURE TO LEAD TO ANY INTEGRATED RESULTS. SOME GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING FUTURE IMPACT STUDIES ARE DISCUSSED AND AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ARE PROPOSED.
Cooperative Computing in Dynamic Environments MIT9904-12

We are working on developing models and analysis methods for distributed systems, with a focus on cooperative group activities in networks. Such group activities range from human social activities in cyber communities to powerful distributed applications involving data sharing and cooperative work. These activities are often supported by agent communication services, which provide distributed intelligence, or by group communication services, which manage group membership and guarantee coherent communication. The environments in which such activities take place are highly dynamic: participants come and go (and change location), network topology changes, and components fail and recover. Coping with such difficult environments leads to complex implementations, which are difficult to build, understand, and analyze.
CHANGES IN WINTER WHOOPING CRANE TERRITORIES AND RANGE 1950-2006

The whooping crane (Grus americana) winters on the Texas coast primarily in salt marsh habitat. The location of adult whooping crane winter territories during 9 winters between 1950 and 2006 was derived from aerial census data digitized onto infrared photos using GIS software. Range expansion, including changes in distribution and size of winter territories, was analyzed over a 57-year period as flock size increased by 765%. Crane pairs have opted to establish territories in or close to the traditional winter area rather than moving long distances along the coast. This distribution seems based on the preference of the male crane to establish a territory as close as possible to its parents. Colonizing occurred to the nearby areas of Matagorda Island in 1958, San Jose Island in 1969, Lamar Peninsula in 1971, and Welder Flats in 1973. Minimum territory sizes were calculated to be 101 ha for Aransas National Wildlife Refuge and West St. Charles Bay, 139 ha for Welder Flats, 204 ha for Matagorda Island and Welder Flats, and 304 ha for San Jose Island. Salt marsh habitat was measured to determine if enough winter area is present to reach recovery targets and to predict expected use patterns for the near future. Based on an average winter territory size of 172 ha, the current winter range and contiguous areas can support up to 576 whooping cranes. Additional salt marsh habitat was measured in a 111-km radius from Aransas National Wildlife Refuge. If suitable, this noncontiguous area could support an additional 580 whooping cranes to reach a total flock size of 1,156. However, with the Texas coast undergoing rapid development and sea level rise, there is insufficient protected habitat for whooping cranes to reach