Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
N-body modelling of globular clusters: masses, mass-to-light ratios and intermediate-mass black holes

We have determined the masses and mass-to-light ratios of 50 Galactic globular clusters by comparing their velocity dispersion and surface brightness profiles against a large grid of 900 N-body simulations of star clusters of varying initial concentration, size and central black hole mass fraction. Our models follow the evolution of the clusters under the combined effects of stellar evolution and two-body relaxation allowing us to take the effects of mass segregation and energy equipartition between stars self-consistently into account. For a subset of 16 wellobserved clusters, we also derive their kinematic distances. We find an average mass-to-light ratio of Galactic globular clusters of =1.98 ± 0.03, which agrees very well with the expected M/L ratio if the initial mass function (IMF) of the clusters was a standard Kroupa or Chabrier mass function. We do not find evidence for a decrease in the average mass-to-light ratio with metallicity. The surface brightness and velocity dispersion profiles of most globular clusters are incompatible with the presence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) with more than a few thousand M in them. The only clear exception is ω Cen, where the velocity dispersion profile provides strong evidence for the presence of a ~40 000 M IMBH in the centre of the cluster.
Canonical Transfer and Multiscale Energetics for Primitive and Quasigeostrophic Atmospheres

AbstractThe past years have seen the success of a novel and rigorous localized multiscale energetics formalism in a variety of ocean and engineering fluid applications. In a self-contained way, this study introduces it to the atmospheric dynamical diagnostics, with important theoretical updates and clarifications of some common misconceptions about multiscale energy. Multiscale equations are derived using a new analysis apparatus—namely, multiscale window transform—with respect to both the primitive equation and quasigeostrophic models. A reconstruction of the “atomic” energy fluxes on the multiple scale windows allows for a natural and unique separation of the in-scale transports and cross-scale transfers from the intertwined nonlinear processes. The resulting energy transfers bear a Lie bracket form, reminiscent of the Poisson bracket in Hamiltonian mechanics; hence, we would call them “canonical. ” A canonical transfer process is a mere redistribution of energy among scale windows, without generating or.
The properties of the progenitor, neutron star, and pulsar wind in the supernova remnant Kes 75

By studying composite supernova remnants (SNRs), remnants which contain a pulsar wind nebula (PWN), it is possible to estimate physical properties of the progenitor explosion, central neutron star, and its pulsar wind that are difficult to measure directly. This is best done by fitting the dynamical and broadband spectral properties of a PWN with an evolutionary model for a PWN inside an SNR. We apply such a model to the composite SNR Kes 75, whose associated pulsar PSR J1846-0258 is thought to have an extremely strong surface magnetic field. If ∼3 M⊙ of mass was ejected in the supernova, our model suggests a normal or slightly subenergetic supernova in a low density environment. Additionally, for the measured pre-outburst braking index of p = 2.65, our model prefers an age of ∼430 years and an initial spin period P0 ∼ 0.2 s. Lastly, the magnetization of the pulsar wind and energy spectrum of particles injected at the termination shock are similar to those observed from other PWNe powered by less magnetized neutron stars. While further study is needed to verify these results, they are nominally inconsistent with strong neutron star magnetic fields resulting from very fast initial rotation. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vacancy-induced splitting of the Dirac nodal point in graphene

We investigate the vacancy effects on quasiparticle band structure of graphene near the Dirac point. It is found that each Dirac nodal point splits into two new nodal points due to the coherent scattering among vacancies. The splitting energy between the two nodal points is proportional to the square root of vacancy concentration. In addition, an extra dispersionless impurity band of zero energy due to particle-hole symmetry is found. Our theory offers an excellent explanation to the recent experiments.
A systemic study of 14 southern infrared dark clouds with N2H+, HNC, HCO+ and HCN lines

We have studied 14 southern infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) using the data taken from the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz (MALT90) survey and the GLIMPSE and MIPSGAL mid-infrared survey of the inner Galaxy. The physical and chemical characteristics of the 14 IRDCs are investigated using N2H+(1-0), HNC(1-0), HCO+(1-0), and HCN(1-0) molecular lines. We find that the 14 IRDCs are in different evolutionary stages from the "starless" to the sources with an UCHII region. Three IRDCs are detected to have the star forming activities. The integrated intensity ratios I(HCO+)/I(HCN), I(N2H+)/I(HCN), and I(HNC)/I(HCN) are all about 1.5, which is different from the previous measurements, suggesting that the integrated intensity ratios may be affected by the cloud environments. The integrated intensities of HNC, HCO+ and HCN show a tight correlation for the 14 IRDCs, implying a close link to the chemical evolution of these three species in the IRDCs. The derived excitation temperature for each IRDC is less than 25 K. We estimate the abundances of the four molecules from 10^(-11) to 10^(-9), and the average abundance ratios N(HNC)/N(HCN) = 1.4+ -0.50, N(HNC)/N(HCO+) = 1.74 + - 0.22, N(HCN)/N(HCO+)= 1.21 + - 0.41.
Unearthing Foundations of a Cosmic Cathedral: Searching the Stars for M33's Halo

We use data from the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS) to search for evidence of an extended halo component belonging to M33 (the Triangulum Galaxy). We identify a population of red giant branch (RGB) stars at large radii from M33's disk whose connection to the recently discovered extended "disk substructure" is ambiguous, and which may represent a "bona-fide" halo component. After first correcting for contamination from the Milky Way foreground population and misidentified background galaxies, we average the radial density of RGB candidate stars over circular annuli centered on the galaxy and away from the disk substructure. We find evidence of a low-luminosity, centrally concentrated component that is everywhere in our data fainter than mu_V ~ 33 mag arcsec^(-2). The scale length of this feature is not well constrained by our data, but it appears to be of order r_exp ~ 20 kpc; there is weak evidence to suggest it is not azimuthally symmetric. Inspection of the overall CMD for this region that specifically clips out the disk substructure reveals that this residual RGB population is consistent with an old population with a photometric metallicity of around [Fe/H] ~ -2 dex, but some residual contamination from the disk substructure appears to remain. We discuss the likelihood that our findings represent a bona-fide halo in M33, rather than extended emission from the disk substructure. We interpret our findings in terms of an upper limit to M33's halo that is a few percent of its total luminosity, although its actual luminosity is likely much less.
Nonrelativistic bound states at finite temperature: The hydrogen atom

We illustrate how to apply modern effective field theory techniques and dimensional regularization to factorize the various scales that appear in nonrelativistic bound states at finite temperature. We focus here on the simplest case: the hydrogen atom. We discuss in detail the interplay of the hard, soft, and ultrasoft scales of the nonrelativistic system at zero temperature with the additional scales induced at finite temperature. We also comment on the implications of our results for heavy quarkonium bound states in the quark gluon plasma.
SCExAO AND GPI Y JH BAND PHOTOMETRY AND INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY OF THE YOUNG BROWN DWARF COMPANION TO HD 1160

We present high signal-to-noise ratio, precise Y JH photometry and Y band (0.957–1.120 μm) spectroscopy of HD 1160 B, a young substellar companion discovered from the Gemini NICI Planet Finding Campaign using the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics instrument and the Gemini Planet Imager. HD 1160 B has typical mid-M dwarf-like infrared colors and a spectral type of M5.5 , where the blue edge of our Y band spectrum rules out earlier spectral types. Atmospheric modeling suggests HD 1160 B has an effective temperature of 3000–3100 K, a surface gravity of log g = 4–4.5, a radius of 1.55 ± 0.10 RJ, and a luminosity of log L/L⊙ = −2.76 ± 0.05. Neither the primary’s Hertzspring–Russell diagram position nor atmospheric modeling of HD 1160 B show evidence for a subsolar metallicity. Interpretation of the HD 1160 B spectroscopy depends on which stellar system components are used to estimate the age. Considering HD 1160 A, B and C jointly, we derive an age of 80–125 Myr, implying that HD 1160 B straddles the hydrogen-burning limit (70–90 MJ). If we consider HD 1160 A alone, younger ages (20–125 Myr) and a brown dwarf-like mass (35–90 MJ) are possible. Interferometric measurements of the primary, a precise Gaia parallax, and moderate-resolution spectroscopy can better constrain the system’s age and how HD 1160 B fits within the context of (sub)stellar evolution.
Chronic Posterior Tibiofemoral Dislocation of a Cruciate Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Setting of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: A Case Report

Introduction: Knee dislocations are an uncommon complication following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There are many causes of TKA dislocation; however, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is one uncommon neurologic condition that increases the risk of TKA dislocation. Case Report: A 71-year-old male with presented to a local community hospital with knee pain due to advanced osteoarthritis of the knee and subsequently underwent an uncomplicated TKA with a cruciate retaining prosthesis. He eventually returned to the hospital due to infection, medical instability, chronic knee instability, and posterior tibiofemoral dislocation. A revision process was required. Throughout the course of management, the patient had altered mental status and was admitted to the intensive care unit. The first procedure involved removing the cruciate retaining prosthesis and replacing it with a static cement antibiotic spacer. This prosthesis was eventually dislocated through the tibia and a second procedure requiring the placement of an intercalary fusion was needed. The patient has not followed up after the hospital admission. Conclusion: Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is an uncommon condition that affects alcoholics and complicates treatment with joint replacement surgery. Patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome provide a unique set of challenges that may require multiple surgeries and varying prostheses. Chronic posterior tibiofemoral dislocation is one specific complication that may affect the management of these patients. As orthopedic surgeons, it is important to consider alcohol use disorder and Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome when treating patients with total joint replacement.
Efficacy of c isplatin in combination with paclitaxel for oral cancer and its effect on cellular immunity

Purpose: To study the efficacy of cisplatin in combination with paclitaxel in the treatment of oral cancer and its effect on cellular immunity. Methods: A total of 100 patients with oral cancer, treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from May 2018 to April 2020 were included and evenly allocated to study and control groups. The patients in the study group received cisplatin plus paclitaxel, while the patients in the control group received only cisplatin. The serum levels of T lymphocytes, interleukin (IL) -4, IL-2, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were determined. Results: After treatment, the study group showed significantly higher levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4/CD8, but a lower CD8+ level (26.17 ± 2.14 μL). than those before treatment (p < 0.05). The control group was associated with higher post-treatment CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4/CD8 levels and lower CD8+ levels versus patients in the study group (p < 0.05). The study group showed higher levels of IL-2 and INF-γ, (246.77 ± 13.68 and 1194.62 ± 123.15 pg/mL), respectively, but lower IL-4 levels (392.48 ± 13.25 pg/mL) after treatment than before treatment. Control group was associated with higher post-treatment IL-2 and INF-γ levels and lower IL-4 levels compared to patients in the study group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cisplatin and paclitaxel combination offers a viable treatment alternative for oral cancer, as it enhances patients’ immune function and disease prognosis, regulates inflammatory responses, and promotes patients’ recovery. Further investigations in larger population settings are, however, recommended.
OPTICAL TO X-RAY SUPERNOVA LIGHT CURVES FOLLOWING SHOCK BREAKOUT THROUGH A THICK WIND

Recent supernova (SN) observations have motivated renewed interest in SN shock breakouts from stars surrounded by thick winds. In such events the interaction with the wind powers the observed luminosity, and predictions include observable hard X-rays. Wind breakouts on timescales of a day or longer are currently the most probable for detection. Here, we study the signal that follows such events. We start from the breakout of the radiation-mediated shock, finding that the breakout temperature can vary significantly from one event to another (104 to 5 × 106 K) due to possible deviation from thermal equilibrium. In general, events with longer breakout pulse duration, tbo, are softer. We follow the observed radiation through the evolution of the collisionless shock that forms after the breakout of the radiation-mediated shock. We restrict the study of the collisionless shock evolution to cases where the breakout itself is in thermal equilibrium, peaking in optical/UV. In these cases the post-breakout emission contains two spectral components—soft (optical/UV) and hard (X-rays and possibly soft γ-rays). Right after the breakout pulse X-rays are strongly suppressed, and they carry only a small fraction of the total luminosity. The hard component becomes harder, and its luminosity rises quickly afterward, gaining dominance at ∼10–50 tbo. The ratio of the peak optical/UV to the peak X-ray luminosity depends mostly on the breakout time. In early breakouts (tbo ≲ 20 days for typical parameters) they are comparable, while in late breakouts (tbo ≳ 80 days for typical parameters) the X-rays become dominant only after the total luminosity has dropped significantly. In terms of prospects for X-ray and soft gamma-ray detections, it is best to observe 100–500 days after explosions with breakout timescales between a week and a month.
Satellite triangulation of thunderstorms, from fading radio fields synchronously recorded on two orthogonal antennas

Single‐satellite observations of lightning radio emissions normally do not independently provide useful thunderstorm location. The scientific value of these radio waveform recordings is greatly enhanced by knowing at least the approximate location of the source thunderstorm. Since the Very High Frequency radio emissions from lightning are always broadband and usually incoherent, radio interferometry is an obvious approach to direction‐finding the source. However, radio‐interferometry requires separated, deployed antennas, and for decametric radio waves, success with interferometric direction‐finding on a satellite has not yet been reported. We describe a method for approximate location of source thunderstorms, using the statistical fading of the received electric field on two orthogonal, but co‐located, antennas. The method is based on previous work geolocating polarized sources, and we show that it can be adapted efficiently to unpolarized radio fields, which constitute the majority of lightning emissions. We implement the method with dual‐antenna radio recordings from the FORTE satellite, and demonstrate its capabilities using a wide variety of radio data.
Biocompatibility of a magnesium coating on a titanium surface and its effects on BMSCs

ABSTRACT Surface modification can effectively improve the biological activity of Ti, which is currently a popular research topic. In this study, we applied plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technology to prepare a porous Mg-TiO2 coating on the surface of a Ti sheet. Then, we observed the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the surface of the Mg-TiO2 coating. The results showed that the Mg-TiO2 coating had a porous structure, and there was a uniform distribution of Mg on the surface and in the pores of the coating. The porous Mg-TiO2 coating showed good cytocompatibility and no obvious cytotoxicity. Significantly more BMSCs adhered to and proliferated on its surface than on pure Ti (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a Mg-TiO2 coating with a good surface morphology and good biocompatibility and bioactivity was prepared on a Ti surface by plasma technology and may have potential for clinical applications.
Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms of Compensatory Growth Ability for Early Rice after Low Temperature and Weak Light Stress

“Late spring coldness” (T) is a frequent meteorological disaster in the spring in southern China, often causing severe yield losses of direct-seeded early rice. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the differences in the compensatory growth ability of different rice genotypes by focusing on agronomic traits, physiological indicators, and transcriptome. The results showed that there were significant differences in the compensatory growth recovery ability of different genotypes after a combination of four days of low temperature and weak light stress. Only the strong compensatory growth genotype B116 was able to grow rapidly and reduce soluble protein and H2O2 concentrations rapidly after stress. By analyzing enzyme activity as well as endogenous hormone concentration, we found that the high superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities and high levels of abscisic acid (ABA) could reduce the damage of B116 during stress. Meanwhile, higher glutamine synthetase (GS) and nitrate reductase (NR) activity and higher levels of gibberellin A3(GA3), indoleacetic acid (IAA), and zeatin nucleoside (ZR) could enable B116 to grow rapidly after stress. The identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that there were large differences in POD-related genes and gibberellin metabolism between B116 and B144 after stress; RT-PCR quantification also showed a trend consistent with RNA-seq, which may be an important reason for the differences in compensatory growth ability.
ON MODULAR SEMIFINITE INDEX THEORY

We propose a definition of a modular spectral triple which covers existing examples arising from KMS-states, Podles sphere and quantum SU(2). The defini- tion also incorporates the notion of twisted commutators appearing in recent work of Connes and Moscovici. We show how a finitely summable modular spectral triple ad- mits a twisted index pairing with unitaries satisfying a modular condition. The twist means that the dimensions of kernels and cokernels are measured with respect to two different but intimately related traces. The twisted index pairing can be expressed by pairing Chern characters in reduced versions of twisted cyclic theories. We end the paper by giving a local formula for the reduced Chern character in the case of quan- tum SU(2). It appears as a twisted coboundary of the Haar-state. In particular we present an explicit computation of the twisted index pairing arising from the sequence of corepresentation unitaries. As an important tool we construct a family of derived integration spaces associated with a weight and a trace on a semifinite von Neumann algebra.
Research on the Properties of Zein, Soy Protein Isolate, and Wheat Gluten Protein-Based Films Containing Cellulose Nanocrystals

Plant protein films are a research hotpot in the current food packaging field for their renewable and bio-compatibility, and further improving the physicochemical properties of plant protein films in combination with biodegradable materials is of great significance. In this study, we selected cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) to modify the protein films with soybean protein isolate (SPI), wheat gluten protein (WGP), and Zein, and the physicochemical properties were studied. The results showed that the hardness and opacity of Zein-based films decreased by 16.61% and 54.12% with the incorporation of CNC, respectively. The SPI-based films performed with lower hardness and higher tensile strength. The thickness and opacity of WGP-based films increased by 39.76% and 214.38% after combination with CNC, respectively. Accordingly, this study showed that CNC could largely modify the physicochemical properties of the plant protein films, which provided a reference for the preparation of modified plant protein films using biodegradable materials.
Fractional powers and interpolation theory for multivalued linear operators and applications to degenerate differential equations

We provide intermediate properties for the domains of the fractional powers of an abstract multivalued linear operator A of weak parabolic type. In particular, our results exhibit the special role played by the linear subspace A0, which reduces to {0} if and only if A is single-valued. The behaviour of the singular semigroup generated by A with respect to the domains of the fractional powers is then studied, and applications of this behaviour to questions of maximal time and space regularity for abstract multivalued evolution equations are given. As a concrete case we consider a class of degenerate partial differential evolution equations which may be rewritten in a multivalued evolution form.
ON THE ORIGIN OF STELLAR MASSES

It has been a longstanding problem to determine, as far as possible, the characteristic masses of stars in terms of fundamental constants; the almost complete invariance of this mass as a function of the star-forming environment suggests that this should be possible. Here I provide such a calculation. The typical stellar mass is set by the characteristic fragment mass in a star-forming cloud, which depends on the cloud's density and temperature structure. Except in the very early universe, the latter is determined mainly by the radiation released as matter falls onto seed protostars. The energy yield from this process is ultimately set by the properties of deuterium burning in protostellar cores, which determines the stars’ radii. I show that it is possible to combine these considerations to compute a characteristic stellar mass almost entirely in terms of fundamental constants, with an extremely weak residual dependence on the interstellar pressure and metallicity. This result not only explains the invariance of stellar masses, it resolves a second mystery: why fragmentation of a cold, low-density interstellar cloud, a process with no obvious dependence on the properties of nuclear reactions, happens to select a stellar mass scale such that stellar cores can ignite hydrogen. Finally, the weak residual dependence on the interstellar pressure and metallicity may explain recent observational hints of a smaller characteristic mass in the high-pressure, high-metallicity cores of giant elliptical galaxies.