Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Time-Kill Evaluation of Fluconazole and Amphotericin B against Candida Isolates

Objective: To compare the activity of fluconazole and amphotericin B against four isolates of Candida spp. with varying susceptibilities by use of time-kill methodology. Methods: Two isolates of Candida albicans and one isolate each of Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata were used for all experiments. Susceptibilities were determined in duplicate by E-test. Time-kill studies were performed with fluconazole 1, 10, and 20 μg/mL and amphotericin B 0.25, 1, and 2.5 μg/mL. Samples were withdrawn at 0, 2, 8, 12, and 24 hours for fluconazole and at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 hours for amphotericin B, diluted if necessary, then plated on potato dextrose agar plates. After incubating plates at 35 °C for 24 hours, colony counts were determined. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration of fluconazole and amphotericin B, respectively, were as follows: 0.75 and 0.25 μg/mL for C. albicans ATCC 90028, >256 and 0.25 μg/mL for C. albicans 1378, 2 and 1 μg/mL for C. tropicalis, and 12 and 0.125 μg/mL for C. glabrata. Differences observed in the activity of fluconazole were dependent on the Candida spp. and susceptibility to the drug. All three concentrations of fluconazole were fungistatic against C. albicans ATCC 90028 and ineffective against C. albicans 1378 (the resistant isolate). Fluconazole suppressed the growth of C. tropicalis for the initial eight hours, after which fungal growth resumed. Against C. glabrata, fluconazole was ineffective at 1 μg/mL, whereas the 10- and 20-μg/mL concentrations were fungistatic for the first 12 hours. Amphotericin B displayed a concentration-dependent effect against all four isolates of Candida spp. Conclusions: Fluconazole 10 and 20 μg/mL were either fungistatic or suppressive for each of the susceptible and susceptible dose-dependent Candida isolates for the initial eight to 12 hours. In addition, despite resumed fungal growth, final colony counts with these concentrations were decreased by >80% compared with the growth controls at 24 hours. By comparison, the activity of amphotericin B was dependent on concentration against all four isolates, and fungicidal activity was demonstrated with only the concentration of 2.5 μg/mL. These concentrations of fluconazole and amphotericin B are readily available with common, clinically used dosing regimens (i.e., fluconazole 400 mg qd and amphotericin B 1 mg/kg/d).
Modified Commercial Fish Trap to Help Eliminate Salmonid Bycatch Mortality

The utility of commercial salmonid Oncorhynchus spp. traps in the U.S. Paci ﬁ c Northwest was recently revisited for the ﬁ rst time in decades to enable selective harvesting of hatchery-origin salmonids while reducing mortality of Endangered Species Act (ESA)-listed salmonids. Modi ﬁ cations to historical gear designs resulted in dramatic improvements in salmonid bycatch survival rates relative to conventional commercial gears in the lower Columbia River. Expanding upon this work, an experimental commercial ﬁ sh trap was further modi ﬁ ed to largely eliminate net contact, air exposure, handling, and crowding of ﬁ sh. Studies were conducted from May to November 2019 in the lower Columbia River to estimate survival of bycatch and evaluate potential bene ﬁ ts from the modi ﬁ ed passive capture design. Analyzed through two separate survival estimation techniques, the modi ﬁ ed trap demonstrated no detectable effect on salmon release survival and a signi ﬁ cant improvement over the previous prototype design. Estimated through a paired release – recapture methodology, the relative survival effect of catch and release compared to controls over a 400-km migration was 1.017 ( b SE = 0.032) for adult Sockeye Salmon O. nerka . For adult Coho Salmon O. kisutch that were held captive for a 48-h postrelease period, estimated survival ( S ) was 1.000 (lower 95% con ﬁ dence limit: S ≥ 0.978). These results suggest that trap modi ﬁ cations can be made to signi ﬁ cantly reduce bycatch mortality of ESA-listed salmonids and provide increased opportunity for harvest of hatchery-origin salmonids.
Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in sugar beet fields as the base for conservation biological control

The fauna and abundance of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in arable crops can be indicator of influence of different agricultural measures on biodiversity. The aim of our study was to determine ground beetle fauna abundance and frequency in two fields with different herbicide and insecticide application practice, and to determine differences in total number of species and individuals, collected with two capturing methods. The study was conducted in 2012 in the eastern part of Croatia (County of Vukovar-Srijem). Beetles were collected in a period of twenty one week (April- September) by setting four modified pitfall traps aimed to collect aboveground fauna and four probes (WB PROBE II® Trap, Trece inc.) aimed to collect endogeic fauna in each field. Nine different species and eight genera were identified in the study. The most abundant were Pseudoophonus rufipes (De Geer 1774) and Bembidion sp. (Latreille 1802). Both are classified as eudominant. The most frequent species was P. rufipes classified as constant (71.42%) and the most frequent genus was Bembidion sp. (38.04%) classified as accessory. There was no significant difference between fields among total number of established species and/or genus no matter if they were captured by pitfall trap or probe. Significantly more individuals were captured in pitfall traps on the field No 1 (33.3) than on the field No 2 (8.8), respectively. Opposite, significantly fewer individuals were captured with probe on the Field No 1 (0.5) than on the field No 2 (6.6), respectively.
Band Pattern of Land Snail Shells from Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, Philippines

: We inspected the band patterns of shells of land snails from Hikong Bente Falls of Lake Sebu in South Cotabato based on shell color and intensity of bands. The occurrence of the pattern was compared with habitat type: open, semi-open, and closed. Shells of land snails were handpicked in 200-m transects established in each habitat type. Shell coloration was noted and the band intensity was reported as either dark or faint. A total of 140 shells were collected and inspected in all sites representing seven species under five families. The species Ryssota maxima was the dominant species, common in all habitat types. Yellow, pink and brown colored shells were encountered during the time of sampling. Faint banded shells appear abundant in the area (79 shells) compared to dark banded (61 shells) which were found mostly in less open and closed habitats. Results may indicate probable adaptation of the land snail species in the site given pronounced open canopy forest which may lead to formation of possible polymorphs and may warrant further studies.
Individual heterogeneity and capture–recapture models: what, why and how?

Variation between and within individuals in life history traits is ubiquitous in natural populations. When affecting fitness-related traits such as survival or reproduction, individual heterogeneity plays a key role in population dynamics and life history evolution. However, it is only recently that properly accounting for individual heterogeneity when studying population dynamics of free-ranging populations has been made possible through the development of appropriate statistical models. We aim here to review case studies of individual heterogeneity in the context of capture–recapture models for the estimation of population size and demographic parameters with imperfect detection. First, we define what individual heterogeneity means and clarify the terminology used in the literature. Second, we review the literature and illustrate why individual heterogeneity is used in capture–recapture studies by focusing on the detection of life-history tradeoffs, including senescence. Third, we explain how to model individual heterogeneity in capture–recapture models and provide the code to fit these models (https://github.com/oliviergimenez/indhet_in_CRmodels). The distinction is made between situations in which heterogeneity is actually measured and situations in which part of the heterogeneity remains unobserved. Regarding the latter, we outline recent developments of random-effect models and finite-mixture models. Finally, we discuss several avenues for future research.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MEDICAL ACTIVITY PERCEIVED FUNCTIONAL VALUES, SATISFACTION TRUST, AND REVISIT INTENTION IN MEDICAL TOURISM: A CASE STUDY ON CLMV TOURISTS IN THAILAND

In this study, we examined the roles of servicescape (medical activity), perceived value, satisfaction, trust, and revisit intention in the medical tourism of Udon Thani Province, Thailand. Data were collected from foreign touristsvisiting Udon Thani from Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. A field survey was conducted at a private hospital by distributing questionnaires to 652 tourists visiting Udon Thani for medical activity. It was observed that medicalactivity, perceived functional value, satisfaction, and trust have significant associations affecting revisit intentions, while satisfaction and trust also acted as significant mediators. Findings also indicated that convenience, not price, played the most crucial role, and thus countries should not focus solely on promoting price advantages. Moreover, the government and all stakeholders of the tourism industry should focus on these factors to contribute to the success and sustainability of medical tourism.
Deep Water Cycling and the Multi‐Stage Cooling of the Earth

Paleo‐temperature data indicates that the Earth's mantle has not cooled at a constant rate. The data show slow cooling from 3.8 to 2.5 Ga followed by more rapid cooling until the present. This has been argued to indicate a transition from a single plate mode to a plate tectonics. However, a tectonic change may not be necessary. Multistage cooling can result from deep water cycling coupled to mantle convection. Melting and volcanism removes water from the mantle (degassing). Dehydration tends to stiffen the mantle, which slows convective vigor and plate velocities causing mantle heating. Higher mantle temperature tends to lower mantle viscosity and increase plate velocities. If these two tendencies are in balance, then mantle cooling can be weak. Breaking this balance, via a switch to net mantle rehydration, can cool the mantle more rapidly. We use coupled water cycling and mantle convection models to test the viability of this hypothesis. Within model and data uncertainty, the hypothesis that deep water cycling can lead to a multi‐stage Earth cooling is consistent with data constraints. Probability distributions, for successful models, indicate that plate and plate margin strength play a minor role for resisting plate motions relative to the resistance from interior mantle viscosity.
Genetic analysis for yield under seedling and terminal heat stress in Indian mustard

Indian mustard is mostly targeted for commercial cultivation as early sown or late sown crop with the expectation of higher yield. With this objective, genetical analysis (13 heat tolerant line × 4 heat susceptible tester) of yield traits were carried out. Per cent genotypic coefficient of variations for all 12 yield contributing traits in all three environments was low to high with variance ratio less than unity indicating non-additive genes action. The lines namely Urvashi in E1, PR 08-5 in E2 & P, and PRL 08-6 in E3 as well as testers namely RH 0304 in E1, E2 & P, and JMWR 08-3 in E3 exhibited highest GCA for seed yield. These genotypes, in series of crosses, showed high GCA effects in desirable direction for at least four yield contributing traits. For seed yield, five top ranking crosses were found entirely different for each environment indicating that heterosis manifestation was cross and environment specific. The most outstanding heterotic crosses for different environments were Urvashi × RH 0304 in E1, PR 08-5×JMWR 08-3 in E2, PRL 08-6×RH 0304 in E3 and across environments for seed yield along with high heterosis for 4-6 component traits.
Effects of Temperature and pH on the Egg Production and Hatching Success of a Common Korean Copepod

The recent accelerated ocean acidification and global warming caused by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide may have an impact on the physiology and ecology of marine animals. This study was conducted to determine the egg production rate (EPR) and hatching success (EHS) of Acartia ohtsukai in response to the combined effects of an increase in temperature and a lower pH. Acartiaohtsukai with fresh surface seawater were collected in the northwestern Yeoja Bay of Korea in September 2017. The temperature and pH conditions applied included two different pH levels (representing the present: 7.9 and the future: 7.6) and three temperature values (26 °C, 28 °C, and 30 °C). In the pH 7.9, EPR significantly increased with increased temperature, but in pH 7.6, it significantly decreased as the temperature increased. EHS was lower in pH 7.6 than in pH 7.9. These results suggest that changes in the marine environment due to global warming and ocean acidification may affect Acartia populations and cause overall fluctuations in copepods of the genus Acartia.
‘I was always made fun of for being fat’: first-hand accounts of bullying in children’s football

ABSTRACT Objetives To explore perceptions of bullying in children’s football (8-13 years) based on the experiences of players, families, and coaches. Method We conducted a multiple case study. Participants from four football clubs and one coaching academy in Catalonia (Spain) were selected to take part in nine focus group sessions (three for each group: players, families and coaches). Data from the sessions were analyzed by content analysis. Findings Four main categories were identified: (1) type of bullying, (2) causes, (3) sites of occurrence, and (4) feelings and emotions towards bullying. These have included a series of direct quotes to reflect the main contributions made by the three sets of participants (players, parents, and coaches) based on their most significant experiences. Conclusions The accounts of the participants show the existence of a wide range of bullying situations and experiences and highlight the need for immediate action towards the prevention and eradication of bullying in children’s football.
Event‐triggered distributed model predictive control for resilient voltage control of an islanded microgrid

This article addresses the problem of distributed secondary voltage control of an islanded microgrid (MG) from a cyber‐physical perspective. An event‐triggered distributed model predictive control (DMPC) scheme is designed to regulate the voltage magnitude of each distributed generators (DGs) in order to achieve a better trade‐off between the control performance and communication and computation burdens. By using two novel event triggering conditions that can be easily embedded into the DMPC for the application of MG control, the computation and communication burdens are significantly reduced with negligible compromise of control performance. In addition, to reduce the sensor cost and to eliminate the negative effects of nonlinearity, an adaptive nonasymptotic observer is utilized to estimate the internal and output signals of each DG. Thanks to the deadbeat observation property, the observer can be applied periodically to cooperate with the DMPC‐based voltage regulator. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control method has been tested on a simple configuration with four DGs and the modified IEEE‐13 test system through several representative scenarios.
Metabolic and proteomic characterization of primary hepatocytes in different in vitro cultivation conditions

In this study primary hepatocytes were characterized on a metabolic and proteomic level in different cultivation setups, namely collagen sandwich (SW) and monolayer (ML) culture. The impact of insulin and glucose on the central carbon metabolism and hepatic function was addressed as well, also integrating species differences between murine and human hepatocytes. Overall, the central carbon metabolism was very robust in regard of the used cultivation condition. Hepatic function and the handling of stress as induced by ammonia, however, were clearly affected, with a rapid loss of hepatic function in the ML culture. Proteome analysis revealed a development away from freshly isolated hepatocytes in both setups, which was stronger in the ML culture. Differential handling of oxidative stress marked the strongest difference between the used cultivation setups. If exposed to insulin, human and murine hepatocytes reacted by an increased uptake of amino acids and glucose. C tracer experiments revealed a differential metabolic usage of carbon sources by both species, depending on the available amount of glucose. Hepatic function was differentially regulated by insulin, but also by glucose and the cultivation condition. Thereby, certain species-specific differences were detected, especially cytochrome P450 activity and insulin clearance. The susceptibility of primary hepatocytes to various factors has to be kept in mind when planning experiments and when comparing different studies.
Reduction of High School Ice Hockey Injuries With Implementation of New Checking/Boarding Rules

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Objective: Evaluate whether rule changes by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) were associated with reduced injury rates in US high school ice hockey players. Design: We compared injury rates for the 3 seasons before the rule changes (2011-2012, 2012-2013, and 2013-2014) with the 2 subsequent seasons (2014-2015 and 2015-2016) using data from the High School Reporting Information Online (RIO) database. Setting: Convenience sample of US high schools. Participants: High school ice hockey athletes. Interventions: The sports injury surveillance system that supplied the data for this study was funded in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant Nos. R49/CE000674-01, R49/CE001172-01, and R49/CE002106-01) as well as research funding contributions of the NFHS, National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE), DonJoy Orthotics, and EyeBlack. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or any other funding agency. In the 2014 to 2015 ice hockey season, the NFHS increased the penalty for boarding (illegally causing opponent to be thrown violently into the boards) and for checking from behind. Main Outcome Measures: Injury rates and mechanism of injury. Results: There was a statistically significant 40% reduction in rates of injury attributed to being checked in the 2 seasons after the rule changes (5.0 injuries per 10 000 athlete exposures) compared with the 3 previous seasons (8.3) (rate ratio = 0.60, P = 0.002). There were no significant differences in overall injury rates (P = 0.12) or injury rates due to checking (P = 0.27), contact with the boards (P = 0.31), or contact with another player (P = 0.55). Conclusions: Among US high school ice hockey athletes, implementation of stricter penalties for boarding and checking from behind was associated with a significant decrease in injury rate due to being checked. Rates of injury due to other mechanisms were not significantly altered, suggesting the rule changes achieved their targeted effect.
Impact of an educational program on improving nurses knowledge and practice concerning caring for neonates with respiratory distress syndrome

Respiratory distress syndrome in neonates reported with 60% -70% mortality rates. Aim of the study was to develop, apply and evaluate an educational program for nurses to improve their knowledge and practice about care of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Study design a quasiexperimental study design was used to conduct this study. Subjects and methods: the study was carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit at Assuit police hospital. Sample composed of 50nurses. Two tools were used to collect necessary data . 1. A structured interview questionnaire was used to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding respiratory distress syndrome. 2. An observational checklist to assess nurses’ practice regarding their care provided for neonates. Results: This study revealed that mean knowledge and practice score were much higher in the post program implementation 9.58±1.43, 293.64±7.51 respectively compared to preprogram 6±1.88, 166.1±29.22 respectively. At follow up phase the mean knowledge and practice score were slightly decreased to 8.1±1.95, 251.04±10.36. Conclusion: Statistically significant improvement was revealed in total knowledge and practice. These scores were much higher in the post program implementation compared to preprogram and slightly decline in the follow up phase. Recommendation: Educational program is needed for updating nurses’ knowledge and improving their practice. Keyword: Educational Program, Nurses Knowledge And Practice & Neonatal Respiratory Distress
Production of invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Angel using date syrup as a cost effective carbon source

Invertase (β-fructofuranosidase) finds major applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. In the present study, fermentation conditions for invertase production from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Angel using date syrup in shake flask were investigated. The effect of time period (0-96 h), carbon sources (sucrose, date syrup, maltose, galactose, and glucose), nitrogen sources including yeast extract, peptone, urea, meat extract, and ammonium sulphate, pH (4 to 6.5), temperature (30 to 40°C), date syrup concentration (5 to 50 g/L), and inoculum size (1 to 10% v/v) were optimized. Optimum conditions for yeast growth and invertase yield were 20 g/L date syrup, 10 g/L yeast extract, temperature of 37°C, pH 5.5, and 60 h fermentation time. In addition, effect of date syrup concentration and size of inoculum were also optimized. Highest invertase titer of ~190 U/mL were obtained when 40 g/L of date syrup and 10% v/v inoculum were used. These results show great practical potential for invertase production by saving enzyme production cost. Key words: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Angel, invertase, date syrup, β-fructofuranosidase.
The effect of autonomy training on student engagement in junior high school students

The Purpose of this study was determine the effect of Autonomy training on student of “X” junior high school in Bandung. The Sample of this study was 20 students who were classified as having low student engagement degrees were choosen used purposive sampling method. The Student Engagement instrument (SEI) adapted from theory J. Appleton, S. Christenson, D. Kim, dan A. Reschly (2017)is self-repot measure of cognitive and affective. Criterion Validity of this Instrument is 0.302- 0.877 and reliability is 0.747. Behavioral Engagement instrument adapted from theory J. Appleton, S. Christenson, D. Kim, dan A. Reschly (2017), with criterion validity is 0.317- 0.605 only for this research. The result showed there was an increase in the level of student engagement before and after training, statistical test show Asymp Sig <0.05 (N=-3.923) indicates the Hi is accepted, there is a difference in student engagement through autonomy training on student. The suggestion of this research is that student are expected to able to apply this training activity to daily life such as the method of making plans, goal and effort before the beginning of the school semester, So that they can be regular to make targets by themeselves and achieve them.