Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of the Adolescent Defending Behaviors Questionnaire Among Chinese Early Adolescents

This study aimed to clarify the multidimensionality of defending by developing and validating the Adolescent Defending Behaviors Questionnaire (ADBQ) in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Results of Study 1 (N = 824, Mage = 11.25) indicated that a five-factor model, comprising (a) assertive defending, (b) aggressive defending, (c) comforting victims, (d) reporting to authority, and (e) tactical defending, yielded a good fit to the data. Study 2 (N = 1,086, Mage = 11.18) established ADBQ’s reliability (α = .78–.93) and construct validity: the five defending dimensions were differentially associated with cognitive and affective empathy, aggression, sociability, peer preference, and victimization. Together, the results suggest that the ADBQ is a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument for assessing the multidimensionality of defending.
Association of a low ankle brachial index with progression to end-stage kidney disease in patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease

Abstract Introductions The effect of a low ankle-brachial index (ABI) in patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease is not fully understood. This study investigates the prevalence of a low ABI in patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease, which was defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥300 mg/g and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 15–60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Furthermore, the association between a low ABI and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) was determined. Methods This single-center, retrospective, cohort study included 529 patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease who were stratified into groups according to the ABI: high (>1.3), normal (0.9–1.3), and low (<0.9). The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional analysis were used to examine the association between the ABI and ESKD. Results A total of 42.5% of patients with a low ABI progressed to ESKD. A low ABI was associated with a greater risk of ESKD (hazard ratio (HR): 1.073). After adjusting for traditional chronic kidney disease risk factors, a low ABI remained associated with a greater risk of ESKD (HR: 1.758; 95% confidence interval: 1.243–2.487; p = 0.001). Conclusions These results indicate that patients with a low ABI should be monitored carefully. Furthermore, preventive therapy should be considered to improve the long-term kidney survival of patients with residual kidney function.
Curvatures and Sliding Ratios of Conjugate Surfaces

A new approach for curvatures of conjugate surfaces is provided in this paper. The main characteristic of the approach is that relative curvatures and geodesic torsions of the conjugate surfaces are directly calculated in terms of the normal curvatures and geodesic torsions of the generating surface on two nonorthogonal tangents of surface curvilinears in the global surface system. Based on the curvature equations, sliding velocities and sliding ratios of the conjugate surfaces are studied. The approach is illustrated by a numerical example of a plane enveloping globoidal worm-gear drive.
Analysis of co‐medication in people with dementia

Dementia prevalence is increasing, with numbers projected to double by 2050. Risk factors for its development include age and cardiovascular comorbidities, which are found more often in patients with dementia and should be treated properly to improve outcomes. In this case–control study, we analysed a large population‐based prescription database to explore the patterns of co‐medication in patients with dementia.
The Intermediate-Mass Population in the Core of the R136 Star Cluster

R136, the compact, luminous star cluster at the center of the 30 Doradus nebula, represents an extreme mode of star formation. Yet it is unique among these kinds of objects in that it can be resolved into individual stars and the star formation process probed through the stellar products. In a previous paper we reported on a study of the intermediate stellar mass population in R136 and derived a stellar initial mass function (IMF) for intermediate-mass stars in the region 0.5 to 4.7 pc from the center of the cluster. We have now obtained Hubble Space Telescope images designed to probe the stellar population in the core ( < 0.5 pc) of the cluster. We have measured the IMF for stars 5-15 M☉ at radii 0.11-0.34 pc, and for 4-15 M☉ at 0.34-0.46 pc. Beyond 0.46 pc we measure stars in mass bins from 2.8-15 M☉, as before. The slope of the stellar IMF beyond 0.5 pc is found to be -1.0 ± 0.1, which is within a few sigma of the value measured previously for the same annulus. The slopes of the IMFs become shallower at smaller radii, but the uncertainties do not rule out an IMF that is constant with cluster radius. The lower stellar mass limit is ≤5 M☉ in the cluster core. Thus, R136 is found to be similar to less concentrated OB associations even into 0.1 pc from the center of the cluster.
A comparative study of consistency between Paeonia rubra hort traditional decoction and dispensing granule decoctions from different sources

Abstract Objective To compare the consistency between the decoction of Paeonia rubra hort dispensing granules from different manufacturers and traditional decoction (TD), and to provide a reference for the clinical application of Paeonia rubra hort dispensing granules. Methods Nine batches of Paeonia rubra hort dispensing granules (from three manufacturers, A, B, and C) and 20 batches of Paeonia rubra hort decoction pieces were collected. The contents of four active components in vivo and in vitro were determined by HPLC and UPLC-MS/MS, respectively. The consistency of the Paeonia rubra hort decoction pieces and dispensing granules were compared based on the Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation (CRITIC) weighting method and the equivalent correction suggestions (1 g of dispensing granule equals the same amount of Chinese herbal samples) were put forward for the dispensing granules. Results The total content of active ingredients in vivo and in vitro of manufacturer A was significantly lower than that of TD (p < 0.05), and the total content of active ingredients in vivo of manufacturer C was significantly lower than that of TD (p < 0.05); The equivalent of manufacturer A and manufacturer C should be corrected from 1:11 and 1:5 to 1:5 and 1:4, respectively. Conclusion The quality of Paeonia rubra hort dispensing granule decoction from some manufacturers aligns that of TD, but the other is slightly inferior to that of TD. After appropriate equivalent correction, quality consistency can be achieved with TD. Graphical Abstract
Facial and opercular muscles in the Anguilliformes (Elopomorpha: Teleostei): Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic implications for the basal position of Protanguilla

The teleost order Anguilliformes, true eels, comprises more than 1000 described species in 20 families, commonly known as eels, congers, morays, and gulper eels. Comprehensive studies of Anguilliformes are limited, resulting in a lack of consensus for morphology‐based phylogenetic hypotheses. A detailed morphological analysis of the cephalic and opercular myology offers a promising new source of characters to help elucidate the intrarelationships of Anguilliformes. Our study is the most extensive myological analysis for the group and includes 97 terminal taxa, with representatives from each of the 20 families of Anguilliformes plus outgroup clades. Results demonstrate that muscle characters inform phylogenetic relationships within Anguilliformes, and we propose two new synapomorphies for all extant members, including Protanguilla palau, the “living fossil”—adductor mandibulae originating on the parietal (vs. restricted to suspensorium) and segmentum mandibularis absent (vs. present). Exceptions for the first condition characterize highly modified saccopharyngoids, and for the second one, Notacanthidae. More importantly, we suggest three new synapomorphies for the remaining extant anguilliforms (except in highly modified saccopharyngoids)—adductor mandibulae originates on the frontals (vs. frontals naked), adductor mandibulae stegalis is separated from the rictalis (vs. ricto‐stegalis fused into a single piece), and the levator operculi inserts on the lateral surface of the opercle (vs. medial surface of the opercle). Our phylogenetic optimization strongly corroborates the hypothesis that Protanguilla is the sister group of all other extant eels. A further goal of this paper is to clearly document the substantive conflicts between the available molecular data and the extensive and diverse morphological evidence.
Impacts of simplifying articulation movements imagery to speech imagery BCI performance

Objective. Speech imagery (SI) can be used as a reliable, natural, and user-friendly activation task for the development of brain-computer interface (BCI), which empowers individuals with severe disabilities to interact with their environment. The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is advanced as one of the most suitable brain imaging methods for developing BCI systems owing to its advantages of being non-invasive, portable, insensitive to motion artifacts, and having relatively high spatial resolution. Approach. To improve the classification performance of SI BCI based on fNIRS, a novel paradigm was developed in this work by simplifying the articulation movements in SI to make the articulation movement differences clearer between different words imagery tasks. A SI BCI was proposed to directly answer questions by covertly rehearsing the word ‘是’ or ‘否’ (‘yes’ or ‘no’ in English), and an unconstrained rest task also was contained in this BCI. The articulation movements of SI were simplified by retaining only the movements of the jaw and lips of vowels in Chinese Pinyin for words ‘是’ and ‘否’. Main results. Compared with conventional speech imagery, simplifying the articulation movements in SI could generate more different brain activities among different tasks, which led to more differentiable temporal features and significantly higher classification performance. The average 3-class classification accuracies of the proposed paradigm across all 20 participants reached 69.6% and 60.2% which were about 10.8% and 5.6% significantly higher than those of the conventional SI paradigm operated in the 0–10 s and 0–2.5 s time windows, respectively. Significance. These results suggested that simplifying the articulation movements in SI is promising for improving the classification performance of intuitive BCIs based on speech imagery.
Evaluation oncotype DX® 21‐gene recurrence score and clinicopathological parameters: a single institutional experience

Oncotype DX recurrence score (RS) is a clinically validated assay, which predicts the likelihood of disease recurrence in oestrogen receptor‐positive/HER2‐negative (ER+/HER2−) breast cancer (BC). In this study we aimed to compare the performance of Oncotype DX against the conventional clinicopathological parameters using a large BC cohort diagnosed in a single institution.
Large uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy for Co50Pt50 disordered alloy films with hexagonal-close-packed stacking structure by substituting Pt with Rh

In order to increase the uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant (Ku) of a Co50Pt50 film, CoM(M = Pt, Pd, Rh) disordered films are investigated with respect to stacking faults (SFs) in hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) grains. The Co50Rh50 film was revealed to have nearly perfect hcp stacking, while the Co50Pt50 and Co50Pd50 films contain SFs. Therefore, Pt atoms in the Co50Pt50 films were replaced by Rh atoms to enhance Ku by decreasing the density of SFs. The Co50(Pt1−rRhr)50 film with r = 0.5 showed a maximum Ku of nearly 1 × 107 erg cm−3, which is around 10 times larger than that for the Co50Pt50 film.
Examining the Impact of Jail Sanctions on Recidivism for Domestic Violence Probationers

There has been a growth of domestic violence courts aimed at increasing offender accountability and victim safety. Although research has examined the effectiveness of these courts compared to typical court processing on recidivism, little is known about the mechanism of judicial accountability. Specifically, judicial review hearings, in which judges have discretion on whether and how to sanction for noncompliance, are common in these courts. This study examines whether incarceration sanctions for noncompliance affect recidivism among a sample of 347 probation review hearings in a Midwestern domestic violence court. Using logistic regression and survival analysis, we find that jail sanctions do not impact likelihood of recidivating but do result in significantly shorter periods of time until recidivating. The findings also signify the importance of addressing substance abuse issues in the prevention of recidivism. Further implications of the findings are discussed.
Rhizogenic Agrobacterium protein RolB interacts with the TOPLESS repressor proteins to reprogram plant immunity and development

Significance Plants are continuously challenged by pathogens, such as rhizogenic agrobacteria, which cause the formation of "crazy" or "hairy" roots in susceptible plant species. Despite this pathogenic effect, hairy root platforms are also valuable biotechnological tools and are intensively explored as potential sustainable production systems for bioactive plant-specialized metabolites. However, many of the molecular mechanisms underlying hairy root formation remain unknown. Here, we combined a number of cutting-edge omics technologies to unravel the molecular function of one of the major players in hairy root disease and development, namely the RolB oncoprotein. Our data support a model in which this bacterial protein directs the plant transcription machinery to promote hairy root development.
On Sound Emission by Acoustic Sources in a Shear Flow

The Green's function for the plane unidirectional shear flow is obtained without restriction to either the high or low frequencies, that is in an exact form that applies also to local wavelengths comparable to the lengthscale of variation of the shear velocity of the mean flow. The method is a version of the variation of constants, and applies to any velocity profile for which the free wave solution of the unforced wave equation is available. The hyperbolic tangent shear velocity profile is taken as an example, and its eigenfunctions are used in the exact, closed expression for the sound field due to a monopole source in the shear flow. The acoustic pressure due to a point monopole source is plotted as a function of the coordinate transverse to the shear layer for several source positions in the shear flow and several values of the shear layer thickness, free stream Mach number and angle of incidence.
Midline 1 interacting protein 1 promotes cancer metastasis through FOS-like 1-mediated matrix metalloproteinase 9 signaling in HCC

Background and Aims: Understanding the mechanisms of HCC progression and metastasis is crucial to improve early diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to identify key molecular targets involved in HCC metastasis. Approach and Results: Using whole-transcriptome sequencing of patients’ HCCs, we identified and validated midline 1 interacting protein 1 (MID1IP1) as one of the most significantly upregulated genes in metastatic HCCs, suggesting its potential role in HCC metastasis. Clinicopathological correlation demonstrated that MID1IP1 upregulation significantly correlated with more aggressive tumor phenotypes and poorer patient overall survival rates. Functionally, overexpression of MID1IP1 significantly promoted the migratory and invasive abilities and enhanced the sphere-forming ability and expression of cancer stemness-related genes of HCC cells, whereas its stable knockdown abrogated these effects. Perturbation of MID1IP1 led to significant tumor shrinkage and reduced pulmonary metastases in an orthotopic liver injection mouse model and reduced pulmonary metastases in a tail-vein injection model in vivo. Mechanistically, SP1 transcriptional factor was found to be an upstream driver of MID1IP1 transcription. Furthermore, transcriptomic sequencing on MID1IP1-overexpressing HCC cells identified FOS-like 1 (FRA1) as a critical downstream mediator of MID1IP1. MID1IP1 upregulated FRA1 to subsequently promote its transcriptional activity and extracellular matrix degradation activity of matrix metalloproteinase MMP9, while knockdown of FRA1 effectively abolished the MID1IP1-induced migratory and invasive abilities. Conclusions: Our study identified MID1IP1 as a regulator in promoting FRA1-mediated-MMP9 signaling and demonstrated its role in HCC metastasis. Targeting MID1IP1-mediated FRA1 pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy against HCC progression.
Observations of the westerlies over the sea

Observations of wind speed and direction at 50 m intervals of height in the first few hundred metres have been made over the NE. Atlantic during 10 winter days of westerly winds. The following results were obtained: (i)The vertical gradient of wind speed is of the same order at all levels and there is no identifiable transition from a layer of frictional influence to a layer of friction-free wind. (iI)The wind speed at 300 m was on the average 21 per cent greater than the surface wind, though in 24 per cent of cases the latter was greater than the former. The mean change of direction in the same interval of height was 3·6° veer but the spread was much greater than the mean. On over 30 per cent of cases the wind at 300 m was backed on the surface wind and the speed at the upper level was then only 5 per cent greater than the surface speed. (iii)The vector variation of wind velocity with height in the layer 200–500 m is accountable as thermal wind. (iv)Turbulence of scale greater than about 10 min is of order 10 per cent of the mean motion and increases on average with height. (v)The mean inclination of the surface wind to the isobar is not more than 1° or 2° and is more likely to be towards high pressure than low. It is inferred that the classical conception of the frictional boundary layer in a barotropic atmosphere has little validity in the atmosphere over the sea. In particular the shearing stress in the first few hundred metres of the westerlies probably varies only slightly with height and may increase if the thermal wind is strong. Measurement of surface drag by the method of frictional geostrophic departure is hardly possible in the baroclinic westerlies.
The energetics and evolution of jet-fed radio sources

Un modele simple dans lequel on suppose que l'energie et la matiere dans le lobe d'une radio-source extragalactique sont fournies par un jet continu est presente et utilise pour determiner l'evolution dynamique et energetique de la source avec le temps. On determine egalement l'evolution temporelle de la luminosite de la source et du spectre d'energie electronique pendant l'evolution de la source
Inverse spin-Hall effect induced by spin pumping in metallic system

The inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE) induced by the spin pumping has been investigated systematically in simple ferromagnetic/paramagnetic bilayer systems. The spin pumping driven by ferromagnetic resonance injects a spin current into the paramagnetic layer, which gives rise to an electromotive force transverse to the spin current using the ISHE in the paramagnetic layer. In a Ni81Fe19/Pt film, we found an electromotive force perpendicular to the applied magnetic field at the ferromagnetic resonance condition. The spectral shape of the electromotive force is well reproduced using a simple Lorentz function, indicating that the electromotive force is due to the ISHE induced by the spin pumping; extrinsic magnetogalvanic effects are eliminated in this measurement. The electromotive force varies systematically by changing the microwave power, magnetic-field angle, and film size, being consistent with the prediction based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation combined with the models of the ISHE and spin pump.
Response of unconfined vortex breakdown to axial pulsing

The response of unconfined swirling jets undergoing vortex breakdown to axial pulsing is explored experimentally. In particular, the combination of particle visualization and particle image velocimetry has enabled the effect of axial pulsing on the development of shear-layer flow structures and vortex breakdown to be quantified, as a function of both pulsing frequency and amplitude. A range of Reynolds and swirl numbers is considered. A key result is that application of low-level forcing at the natural frequency intensifies the shear-layer vortices considerably and results in a substantial relative downstream shift of the mean breakdown position.
Protective effects of lycopene on TiO2 nanoparticle‐induced damage in the liver of mice

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano‐TiO2) is one of the most widely used and produced nanomaterials. Studies have demonstrated that nano‐TiO2 could induce hepatotoxicity through oxidative stress, and lycopene has strong antioxidant capacity. The present study aimed to explore if lycopene protects the liver of mice from nano‐TiO2 damage. Ninety‐six ICR mice were randomly divided into eight groups. They were control group, nano‐TiO2‐treated group (50 mg/kg BW), lycopene‐treated groups (5, 20, and 40 mg/kg BW), and 50 mg/kg BW nano‐TiO2‐ and lycopene‐co‐treated groups (nano‐TiO2 + 5 mg/kg BW of lycopene, nano‐TiO2 + 20 mg/kg BW of lycopene, nano‐TiO2 + 40 mg/kg BW of lycopene). After treated by gavage for 30 days, the histopathology of the liver was observed. Liver function was evaluated using changes in serum biochemical indicators of the liver (AST, ALT, ALP); and the level of ROS was indirectly reflected by the level of SOD, GSH‐Px, MDA, GSH, and T‐AOC. TUNEL assay was performed to examine the apoptosis of hepatocytes. Proteins of p53, cleaved‐caspase 9, cleaved‐caspase 3, Bcl‐2, and Bax as well as p38 were detected. Results showed that lycopene alleviated the liver pathological damage and reduced the injury to liver function induced by nano‐TiO2, as well as decreased nano‐TiO2‐induced ROS. Meanwhile, lycopene mitigated apoptosis resulting from nano‐TiO2, accompanied by the reversed expression of apoptosis‐related proteins. Furthermore, lycopene significantly reversed the upregulation of p‐p38 induced by nano‐TiO2. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that nano‐TiO2 resulted in hepatocyte apoptosis through ROS/ROS‐p38 MAPK pathway and led to liver function injury. Lycopene protected mice liver against the hepatotoxicity of nano‐TiO2 through antioxidant property.