Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of constant temperature and daily fluctuating temperature on the transovarial transmission and life cycle of Aedes albopictus infected with Zika virus

Introduction Numerous studies on the mosquito life cycle and transmission efficacy were performed under constant temperatures. Mosquito in wild, however, is not exposed to constant temperature but is faced with temperature variation on a daily basis. Methods In the present study, the mosquito life cycle and Zika virus transmission efficiency were conducted at daily fluctuating temperatures and constant temperatures. Aedes albopictus was infected with the Zika virus orally. The oviposition and survival of the infected mosquitoes and hatching rate, the growth cycle of larvae at each stage, and the infection rate (IR) of the progeny mosquitoes were performed at two constant temperatures (23°C and 31°C) and a daily temperature range (DTR, 23–31°C). Results It showed that the biological parameters of mosquitoes under DTR conditions were significantly different from that under constant temperatures. Mosquitoes in DTR survived longer, laid more eggs (mean number: 36.5 vs. 24.2), and had a higher hatching rate (72.3% vs. 46.5%) but a lower pupation rate (37.9% vs. 81.1%) and emergence rate (72.7% vs. 91.7%) than that in the high-temperature group (constant 31°C). When compared to the low-temperature group (constant 23°C), larvae mosquitoes in DTR developed faster (median days: 9 vs. 23.5) and adult mosquitoes carried higher Zika viral RNA load (median log10 RNA copies/μl: 5.28 vs. 3.86). However, the temperature or temperature pattern has no effect on transovarial transmission. Discussion Those results indicated that there are significant differences between mosquito development and reproductive cycles under fluctuating and constant temperature conditions, and fluctuating temperature is more favorable for mosquitos' survival and reproduction. The data would support mapping and predicting the distribution of Aedes mosquitoes in the future and establishing an early warning system for Zika virus epidemics.
Forcing variables in simulation of transpiration of water stressed plants determined by principal component analysis

Abstract To date, measuring plant transpiration at canopy scale is laborious and its estimation by numerical modelling can be used to assess high time frequency data. When using the model by Jacobs (1994) to simulate transpiration of water stressed plants it needs to be reparametrized. We compare the importance of model variables affecting simulated transpiration of water stressed plants. A systematic literature review was performed to recover existing parameterizations to be tested in the model. Data from a field experiment with common bean under full and deficit irrigation were used to correlate estimations to forcing variables applying principal component analysis. New parameterizations resulted in a moderate reduction of prediction errors and in an increase in model performance. Ags model was sensitive to changes in the mesophyll conductance and leaf angle distribution parameterizations, allowing model improvement. Simulated transpiration could be separated in temporal components. Daily, afternoon depression and long-term components for the fully irrigated treatment were more related to atmospheric forcing variables (specific humidity deficit between stomata and air, relative air humidity and canopy temperature). Daily and afternoon depression components for the deficit-irrigated treatment were related to both atmospheric and soil dryness, and long-term component was related to soil dryness.
Negative Schizotypy Mediates the Relationship Between Metacognition and Social Functioning in a Nonclinical Sample

Abstract Reduced metacognitive abilities—difficulty making sense of and understanding oneself and others—have been found to be key predictors of social functioning across a range of clinical and nonclinical groups. However, the exact processes through which metacognition impacts social functioning are unclear. This study examined whether subclinical negative symptoms mediated the relationship between metacognition and social functioning in a nonclinical sample of young adults (n = 98). Results demonstrated that lower metacognitive mastery was found to be uniquely associated with greater subclinical negative symptoms, whereas higher subclinical negative symptoms were associated with reduced social functioning. Further, the effects of lower metacognition on reduced social function were mediated by subclinical negative symptoms and not positive or disorganized subclinical symptoms. Results suggest that subclinical negative symptoms may link reductions in metacognition with social functioning in nonclinical samples. Training aimed at enhancing metacognition may support normative social functioning in the general population.
Coping Strategy Enhancement for Auditory Verbal Hallucinations Within Routine Clinical Practice

Abstract Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are often multiple distressing experiences. Emerging evidence suggests that interventions informed by the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy, such as brief Cognitive Strategy Enhancement (brief-CSE), can reduce the distress related to AVH. The benefits of brief-CSE have been demonstrated for English-speaking patients. This uncontrolled pilot study, conducted in routine clinical practice, evaluated the benefits of brief-CSE within a group of French-speaking AVH hearers. Thirty-two patients were offered the brief-CSE intervention. Self-administered questionnaires were completed pre-post intervention. A significant reduction was observed in AVH distress, with a large effect size, and for more than half of the patients, this reduction was clinically meaningful. AVH severity and anxiety also decreased significantly. This study demonstrates that brief-CSE can be implemented in non–English-speaking routine clinical practice and can reduce several aspects of AVH subjective experience. There is a need to confirm these findings in a larger sample.
A beam-maser instability: Direct amplification of radiation

The cyclotron maser instability has been applied in the past to laboratory microwave generation devices, and radiation from planetary magnetospheres, such as Earth’s kilometric radiation and Jovian decametric radiation. Recently, the same concept was put forth to explain solar coronal radio bursts. In particular, it was suggested that the ordinary (O) mode propagating in antiparallel direction with respect to the electron beam may be important. For this reason, this article revisits the maser instability theory with a particular emphasis on understanding the key difference between forward- and backward-propagating O-mode masers. It is found that the O-mode maser instability is excited over a significant range of wave phase angle which corresponds to the backward propagation. Of the various physical parameters the average beam speed and the ratio of plasma-to-gyro-frequencies, ωp/Ω, play important roles. Past discussions have emphasized the role of ωp/Ω. The present analysis also includes the effects of av.
Implicit Contracts, Wage Cyclicality and Import Competition

Using employer-employee panel data we study implicit wage contracting in the Finnish labour markets by employing variations of the standard wage curve. We …nd strong evidence in support for the negative wage-current unemployment elasticity, i.e. support for the standard wage curve. We also …nd both economically and statistically signi…cant negative wage-start-of-tenure-unemployment elasticity. The wage-current unemployment rate elasticity is roughly -0.02, while wage-start-of-tenure elasticity is about -0.015. The evidence on weakening of the wage-current unemployment elasticity after controlling for the unemployment rate at start-of-tenure is weak, yet the minimum unemployment is more important predictor of current wages than both the current and the starting unemployment. These results suggests that implicit contracting where the contract is not binding on the worker is a feature which is consistent with our data. As for the importance of import competition, our results point to a weakening impact on both of the aforementioned wage-unemployment elasticities.
Microwave spectral lines in galactic dust globules.

In order to better understand galactic dust globules, a program of mapping several molecular transitions in these clouds has been undertaken. The results of observations of the J=1. -->. 0 rotational transitions of CO, /sup 13/CO, C/sup 18/O, and CS, the J=2. -->. 1rotational transitions of CS and C/sup 34/S, the J, K=1, 1 and J, K=2, 2 inversion transitions of NH/sub 3/, the J/sub KKprime/=1/sub 11/. -->. 1/sub 10/ and J/sub KKprime/=2/sub 12/. -->. 2/sub 11/ transitions of H/sub 2/CO, and the OH /sup 2/Pi/sub 3/2/F=2. -->. 2 and F=1. -->. 1 transitions are reported here. Twelve globules have been selected for observation; seven of these were studied in detail and the remainder observed only sparsely. A strong positive correlation appears to exist between the spatial extent of the molecular emission (or absorption) and the optical features of the globule. Even the main isotope of CO shows this correlation between dust extinction and molecular emission. Close examination of the Palomar prints reveals dust wherever CO is observed, and CO is probably a good tracer of dust extinction.The simultaneous observation of many molecular transitions has proven useful in obtaining reliable physical parameters for the dust globules. The kinetic temperatures of the globules are almost always approx.10 K, and the derived H/sub 2/more » densities are 10/sup 3.4/-10/sup 4.5/ cm/sup -3/. The density in the core of the globules could well be larger than these value, which represent an average for the entire cloud. The kinetic temperature appears uniform across each cloud (within a few kelvins), in agreement with theoretical predictions. All of the globules studied in detail appear to be gravitationally bound and collapsing objects. Rotation has been observed in at least two globules (B163 and B163 SW). The projected axis of rotation is in a direction opposite to that of the Galaxy, with the globules apparently rotating antiparallel to the galactic plane. « less
FREQUENCY-DRIVEN LATE FUSION-BASED WORD DECOMPOSITION APPROACH ON THE PHRASE-BASED STATISTICAL MACHINE TRANSLATION SYSTEMS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY MEHMET TATLICIOĞLU IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR 

FREQUENCY-DRIVEN LATE FUSION-BASED WORD DECOMPOSITION APPROACH ON THE PHRASE-BASED STATISTICAL MACHINE TRANSLATION SYSTEMS Tatlıcıoğlu, Mehmet M.S., Department of Computer Engineering Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Adnan Yazıcı October 2013, 73 pages Machine translation is the process of translating texts from a natural language to another by computers based on linguistic motivations, statistical approaches, or the combination of them. In this study, the frequency-driven late fusion-based word decomposition approach is introduced to improve the translation quality of the phrase-based statistical machine translation system from Turkish to English. This late fusion-based approach is compared with the standalone statistical and rule-based word decomposition approaches when the corpus size changes. This study differs from others by introducing the novel frequency-driven late fusion-based word decomposition method to boost the BLEU score. While the benchmark study in the literature reports a 25.22 BLEU score, the proposed late fusion-based system boosts the accuracy up to a 26.22 BLEU score. This novel approach fuses both of the rulebased and stochastic word decomposition methods. Because of the agglutinative nature of Turkish language, the results can be extended to the other agglutinative languages as well.
Point-charge calculation of quadrupolar parameters for bridging oxygen sites in vitreous silica: Structural implications

The quadrupolar coupling constant Cq and the asymmetry parameter {eta} for the bridging oxygen sites in vitreous silica structures derived via classical molecular dynamics simulation have been calculated using the point-charge lattice summation method. The results of these calculations indicate that while Cq is a function of both the Si-O-Si angle and the associated Si-O distances, {eta} depends only on the Si-O-Si angle. The analytical forms of these functional dependences are found to be similar to those reported in previous studies based on ab initio calculations on small clusters. However, the magnitude of Cq is found to decrease with increasing Si-O distance in contrast with a reverse trend obtained in previous ab initio calculations on small clusters. The present results, when combined with the previously reported {sup 17}O nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic results for bridging oxygen sites in vitreous silica, imply a strong negative correlation between Si-O bond lengths and Si-O-Si bond angles in the glass structure. Such a negative correlation is consistent with the anomalous density variation in silica as well as with energetic considerations.
Micro-macro models for anisotropic granular media

The micro-mechanical behavior of granular materials can be readily modeled with the discrete element method (DEM). From the structure of a static granular solid, we derive the fabric, the stressand the stiffness tensors in average over a sub-set of interacting particles. Starting from a linear expansion of the interaction potential around static equilibrium, stress and stiffness can be derived from the principle of virtual displacement. The approach includes both normal and tangential forces, and the influence of both on the material properties and the flow behavior is discussed separately. In particular, we present relations for the evolution of both deviatoric fabric and stress with deviatoric deformation.
Spectroscopy of emission-line nebulae in powerful radio galaxies - Interpretation

Long-slit optical spectra of the emission-line nebulae associated with 21 low-redshift (less than 0.2) radio galaxies are analyzed. Nebulae are classified kinematically into three types: rotators, calm nonrotators, and violent nonrotators; these types are characterized. It is proposed that the rotators have dynamically young disks of gas recently acquired by the radio galaxy in an interaction or merger with a gas-rich galaxy. This is consistent with the data on the morphologies, colors, and stellar dynamics of radio galaxies with strong emission lines. It is inferred from the association of the large-scale gas kinematics with the radio and optical properties of an active galaxy that the angular momentum of the gas which fuels the AGN may be an important parameter in the determinant of how activity is manifest in an AGN. 63 refs.
Structural, luminescence and Judd-Ofelt analysis to study the influence of post-annealing treatment on the AIN:Tb thin films prepared by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering

En la presente tesis se investiga la influencia del tratamiento termico en la probabilidad de emision espontanea, el tiempo de vida radiativa, la composicion y la estructura de peliculas delgadas de nitruro de aluminio dopadas con terbio depositadas sobre substratos de silicio por la tecnica de pulverizacion catodica de radiofrecuencia. La tesis tiene por objetivo aplicar el analisis de Judd-Ofelt usando el espectro de emision. Se propone un metodo que utiliza la intensidad de las bandas de transicion del espectro de emision y las ecuaciones de Judd-Ofelt para calcular las propiedades espectrales: tiempo de vida radiativa, tasa de los canales de transicion y probabilidad de emision espontanea. Usando el software Wolfram Mathematica 9.0 se implementa un programa con el metodo propuesto. Las peliculas se trataron termicamente a 500, 750, 900 y 1000 °C. Se investigaron dos tecnicas del tratamiento termico: Tratamiento termico rapido y Horno tubular de vidrio de cuarzo. Con el tratamiento termico rapido se usaron dos tipos de calentamiento: calentamiento directo a la temperatura de tratamiento termico, y calentamiento sucesivo de la pelicula desde la menor hasta la mayor temperatura. El analisis estructural de las peliculas fue realizada con difraccion de rayos X. A nivel de superficie se caracterizo la estructura y la morfologia con las tecnicas de difraccion de electrones reflejados de alta energia y microscopia electronica de barrido. La luminiscencia fue medida con la tecnica de catodoluminiscencia. Las propiedades espectrales fueron calculadas usando el metodo propuesto. La intensidad de luz emitida se incremento y luego decayo con la temperatura de tratamiento. La relacion entre la intensidad de emision, la estructura, composicion y los parametros de Judd-Ofelt son mostrados mediante graficas y tablas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una mayor activacion de los iones de terbio en las peliculas calentadas directamente a 750°C usando el tratamiento termico rapido.
BRUSHITE AND TARANAKITE FROM PIG HOLE CAVE, GILES COUNTY, VIRGINIA

Brushite occurs as nodular masses of platy crystals in the lower part of a bat guano and hair deposit in Pig Hole Cave, Giles County, Virginia. Taranakite occurs as flour-like masses near contacts between the guano and hair deposit and clay and along fractures within brecciated clay within the same cave. Chemical, physical, optical, r-ray, and thermal data for each of these minerals are presented. Some of the thermal data for brushite ano many of the data for taranakite are reported here for the first time. It is suggested that the taranakite formed as the result of reactions between the bat guano and bat hair and clay.
On the high contraction ratio anomaly of axisymmetric contraction of grid-generated turbulence

The present paper deals with the anomalous increase in second-order moments of longitudinal velocity fluctuations reported in experiments carried out to measure properties of axisymmetric strained turbulence when the strain is provided by axisymmetric contractions (nozzles). Experimental evidence is provided that the increase is due to inaccuracies in the measurements. It is shown that the imperfect spatial resolution of X-wire probes, the mass flow rate fluctuations in the flow facility, and the electronic noise contaminate the hot-wire measurements of not only the longitudinal but also the transverse velocity fluctuation components. These kinds of contaminations start to dominate the measurements, especially when the contraction ratio of the nozzle is high and/or the turbulence level is low and turbulence length scales are small. A series of measurement and correction methods is proposed employing two single normal wires and one inclined wire to detect and eliminate all three types of contaminations of .
Pharmacological Activities of from Rhizosphere Soil of Agumbe, Karnataka, India

In the present study, pharmacological activities antipyretic and CNS depressant activity of crude extract of isolated from Western Ghats soil of Agumbe, Karnataka, India have been studied. T isolate PO-178 was grown in starch casein nitrate broth medium. The culture filtrate was condensed to obtain crude extract. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and CNS depressant activities of the crude extract were determined by Carrageenan edema, tail flick, yeast induced pyrexia and s The extract exhibited dose dependent anti depressant activity, however, the activities observed were lesser than st Further studies are under progress to recover pharmacologically active principles from the extract of Streptomyces species PO-178 and to determine their activities.
The Exact Finite-Sample Distribution of the Limited-Information Maximum Likelihood Estimator in the Case of Two Included Endogenous Variables

Abstract This article is concerned with the exact finite-sample distribution of the limited-information maximum likelihood estimator when the structural equation being estimated contains two endogenous variables and is identifiable in a complete system of linear stochastic equations. The density function derived, which is represented as a doubly infinite series of a complicated form, reveals the important fact that for arbitrary values of the parameters in the model, the LIML estimator does not possess moments of order greater than or equal to one
On the modulation of X ray fluxes in thunderstorms

The production of X ray fluxes in thunderstorms has been attributed to bremsstrahlung. Assuming this, another question arises. How can a thunderstorm modulate the number density of electrons which are sufficiently energetic to produce X rays? As a partial answer to this question, we consider the effects of typical thunderstorm electric fields on a background population of energetic electrons, such as produced by cosmic ray secondaries and their decays or the decay of airborne radionuclides. The observed variation of X ray flux is shown to be accounted for by a simple model involving typical electric field strengths. A necessary background electron number density is found from the model and is determined to be more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than that available from radon decay and a factor of 8 higher than that available from cosmic ray secondaries. Finally, the ionization enhancement due to energetic electrons and X rays is discussed.
Electromechanical Properties of PbTiO3 Ceramics Containing La and Mn

A piezoelectric ceramic material having low dielectric constant, high thickness coupling factor, high mechanical quality factor, high stability, and high operating temperature, has been prepared from PbTiO3 incorporated with 2.5 mol% of LaO12 and 1.0 mol% of MnO2. Typical electromechanical constants of this material are as follows: dielectric constant e11T/e0 230, e33T/e0 170; coupling factor k33 0.46, kt 0.46, k15 0.28, kp 0.07, k31 0.04; mechanical quality factor Q 1100, Poisson's ratio σE 0.20. Frequency constants Nt and N3t of the fundamental and third‐harmonic thickness vibrations have temperature coefficients of −1.1 × 10−4°C−1 and −2 × 10−5°C−1, respectively. Aging rates of Nt and N3t, are +0.02% and −0.02%/time decade at 30°C, respectively. The Curie point of this material exists at 470°C, and k33 and kt increase gradually with temperature up to 400°C. This material has grain size of 2–3 μ and bending strength of 2 × 107 kg/m2, and can be polished into very thin plate. The PbTiO3 ceramics have a h.
Multicriteria decision-making method based on a cosine similarity measure between trapezoidal fuzzy numbers

The degree of similarity or dissimilarity between the objects under study plays an important role. In vector space, especially, the cosine similarity measure is often used in information retrieval, citation analysis, and automatic classification. However, it scarcely deals with trapezoidal fuzzy information and multicriteria decision-making problems. For this purpose, a cosine similarity measure between trapezoidal fuzzy numbers is proposed based on an extension of the cosine similarity between fuzzy sets and is applied to fuzzy multicriteria decision-making problems under the conditions that the criteria weights and the evaluated values in the decision matrix are expressed by the form of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Through the expected weight and the weighted cosine similarity measure between each alternative and the ideal alternative, the ranking order of all alternatives can be determined and the best alternative can be easily identified as well. The proposed method is simple and effective. Finally, an illustrative example demonstrates the implementation process of the technique.