Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constructive homotopy theory of marked semisimplicial sets

We develop the homotopy theory of semisimplicial sets constructively and without reference to point-set topology to obtain a constructive model for $\omega$-groupoids. Most of the development is folklore, but for a few results the author is unaware of previously known constructive proofs. These include the statements that the unit of the free simplicial set adjunction is valued in weak equivalences and that the geometric product and cartesian product of fibrant semisimplicial sets are weakly equivalent. We then extend the development to marked semisimplicial sets in order to obtain a constructive model for $(\omega, 1)$-categories.
Deterministic Guarantees for Burer‐Monteiro Factorizations of Smooth Semidefinite Programs

We consider semidefinite programs (SDPs) with equality constraints. The variable to be optimized is a positive semidefinite matrix X of size n. Following the Burer‐Monteiro approach, we optimize a factor Y of size n × p instead, such that X = YYT. This ensures positive semidefiniteness at no cost and can reduce the dimension of the problem if p is small, but results in a nonconvex optimization problem with a quadratic cost function and quadratic equality constraints in Y. In this paper, we show that if the set of constraints on Y regularly defines a smooth manifold, then, despite nonconvexity, first‐ and second‐order necessary optimality conditions are also sufficient, provided p is large enough. For smaller values of p, we show a similar result holds for almost all (linear) cost functions. Under those conditions, a global optimum Y maps to a global optimum X = YYT of the SDP. We deduce old and new consequences for SDP relaxations of the generalized eigenvector problem, the trust‐region subproblem, and quadratic optimization over several spheres, as well as for the Max‐Cut and Orthogonal‐Cut SDPs, which are common relaxations in stochastic block modeling and synchronization of rotations. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast-neutron imaging spectrometer based on liquid scintillator loaded capillaries

A fast-neutron imaging detector based on micrometric glass capillaries loaded with high refractive index liquid scintillator has been developed Neutron energy spectrometry is based on event-by-event detection and reconstruction of neutron energy from the measurement of the knock-on proton track length and the amount of light produced in the track. In addition, the detector can provide fast-neutron imaging with position resolution of tens of microns. The detector principle of operation, simulations and experimental results obtained with a small detector prototype are described. We have demonstrated by simulation energy spectrum reconstruction for incident neutrons in the range of 4–20 MeV. The energy resolution in this energy range was 10–15%. Preliminary experimental results of detector spectroscopic capabilities are presented
Hepatoprotective Effect of Grape Seed and Skin Extract Against Lithium Exposure Examined by the Window of Proteomics

Context The liver is the organ by which the majority of substances are metabolized, including psychotropic drugs. Lithium (Li) used as drug for many neurological disorders such as bipolar disorders. Objective This study aims to assess lithium toxicity and to evaluate the hepatic-protective properties of a grape skin seed and extract (GSSE). Materials and methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were exposed for 30 days to either various lithium concentrations, GSSE alone, or lithium supplemented with GSSE. The proteomic analysis revealed alterations of liver protein profiles after lithium treatments that were successfully identified by mass spectrometry. Results Lithium treatment induced an oxidative damage by the alteration of antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase, CAT, and Gpx. The regulated proteins are mainly involved in the respiratory electron transport chain, detoxification processes, ribosomal stress pathway, glycolysis, and cytoskeleton. Proteins were differentially expressed in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, GSSE reversed the situation and restored the level of liver proteins whose abundance was modified after lithium treatment, arguing for its protective activity. Conclusion Our data demonstrated the ability of proteomic analysis to underline the toxicity mechanisms of lithium in animal models. Based on these results, GSSE may be envisaged as a nutritional supplement to weaken the liver toxicity of lithium.
On algebraic integers of bounded house and preperiodicity in polynomial semigroup dynamics

We consider semigroup dynamical systems defined by several polynomials over a number field $\mathbb{K}$, and the orbit (tree) they generate at a given point. We obtain finiteness results for the set of preperiodic points of such systems that fall in the cyclotomic closure of $\mathbb{K}$. More generally, we consider the finiteness of initial points in the cyclotomic closure for which the orbit contains an algebraic integer of bounded house. This work extends previous results for classical obits generated by one polynomial over $\mathbb{K}$ obtained initially by Dvornicich and Zannier (for preperiodic points), and then by Chen and Ostafe (for roots of unity and elements of bounded house in orbits).
Finite determinacy of matrices over local rings.II. Computation of the annihilator

Consider matrices with entries in a local ring, Mat. Fix a group action G on Mat and a subset of allowed deformations, \Sigma. We study the finite-(\Sigma,G)-determinacy of matrices. In Part I the determinacy question was translated into the study of the tangent spaces (to the deformation space and to the orbit), more precisely to the annihilator ideal of the quotient of these tangent spaces. In this Part II of the work we develop the method to compute/approximate this annihilator ideal. We illustrate the method for the basic group actions, e.g. GL(m,R)\times GL(n,R) and GL(m,R)\times GL(n,R)\times (coordinate changes). The method gives explicit, ready-to-use criteria. In the simplest cases this generalizes/strengthens the classical finite determinacy conditions for maps, ideals, embedded modules etc.
Overview of High Energy String Scattering Amplitudes and Symmetries of String Theory

In this paper, we studied symmetries of string scattering amplitudes in the high energy limits of both the fixed angle or Gross regime (GR) and the fixed momentum transfer or Regge regime (RR). We calculated high energy string scattering amplitudes (SSA) at arbitrary mass levels for both regimes. We discovered the infinite linear relations among fixed angle string amplitudes and the ifinite recurrence relations among Regge string amplitudes. The linear relations we obtained in the GR corrected the saddle point calculations by Gross, Gross and Mende. In addition, for the high energy closed string scatterings, our results differ from theirs by an oscillating prefactor which was crucial to recover the KLT relation valid for all energies. We showed that all the high energy string amplitudes can be solved using the linear or recurrence relations, so that all the string amplitudes can be expressed in terms of a single string amplitude. We further found that, at each mass level, the ratios among the fixed angle amplitudes can be extracted from the Regge string scattering amplitudes. Finally, we reviewed the recent developments on the discovery of infinite number of recurrence relations valid for all energies among Lauricella SSA. The symmetries or relations among SSA at various limits obtained previously can be exactly reproduced. It leads us to argue that the known S L ( K + 3 , C ) dynamical symmetry of the Lauricella function may be crucial to probe spacetime symmetry of string theory.
Smooth approximation of conic K\"ahler metric with lower Ricci curvature bound

We apply Tian's method in Kahler-Einstein problem to prove that a conic K\''ahler metric with lower Ricci curvature bound can be approximated by smooth K\''ahler metrics with the same lower Ricci curvature bound. Furthermore, conic singularities here can be along a simple normal crossing divisor.
Independent control of ion current and ion impact energy onto electrodes in dual frequency plasma devices

Dual frequency capacitive discharges are designed to offer independent control of the flux and energy of ions impacting on an object immersed in a plasma. This is desirable in applications such as the processing of silicon wafers for microelectronics manufacturing. In such discharges, a low frequency component couples predominantly to the ions, while a high frequency component couples predominantly to electrons. Thus, the low frequency component controls the ion energy, while the high frequency component controls the plasma density. Clearly, this desired behaviour is not achieved for arbitrary configurations of the discharge, and in general one expects some unwanted coupling of ion flux and energy. In this paper we use computer simulations with the particle-in-cell method to show that the most important governing parameter is the ratio of the driving frequencies. If the ratio of the high and low frequencies is great enough, essentially independent control of the ion energy and flux is possible by manipulation of the high and low frequency power sources. Other operating parameters, such as pressure, discharge geometry, and absolute power, are of much less significance.
Stable quantum systems in anti–de Sitter space: Causality, independence, and spectral properties

If a state is passive for uniformly accelerated observers in n-dimensional (n⩾2) anti–de Sitter (Ads) space–time (i.e., cannot be used by them to operate a perpetuum mobile), they will (a) register a universal value of the Unruh temperature, (b) discover a PCT symmetry, and (c) find that observables in complementary wedge-shaped regions necessarily commute with each other in this state. The stability properties of such a passive state induce a “geodesic causal structure” on AdS and concommitant locality relations. It is shown that observables in these complementary wedge-shaped regions fulfill strong additional independence conditions. In two-dimensional AdS these even suffice to enable the derivation of a nontrivial, local, covariant net indexed by bounded space–time regions. All these results are model-independent and hold in any theory which is compatible with a weak notion of space–time localization. Examples are provided of models satisfying the hypotheses of these theorems.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Police Activities: Traffic Stops, Arrests, and Use of Force

COVID-19 may affect police activities (i.e., traffic stops, arrests, and use of force) due to public compliance with COVID-19 restrictions, changes in individuals’ daily activities, and health threats posed by COVID-19. The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of COVID-19 on police activities and the trends in these activities in Burlington, Vermont. The data that measured arrests, traffic stops, and use of force were obtained from the Burlington Police Department website and covered the period from December 10, 2018 through June 14, 2021. Then, the daily time-series data for arrest rate, use of force rate, and traffic stop rate were created (N = 918; 459 days pre-COVID-19 and 459 days during COVID-19). The results showed that COVID-19 statistically significantly increased traffic stops and arrests, but not use of force on the day immediately following the implementation of the COVID-19 restrictions and then remained stable over time. However, no significant change was detected in the trends of arrests, traffic stops, and use of force before and during the COVID-19 period. COVID-19 had a significant immediate and lasting effect on traffic stops and arrests, but not use of force.
Booming the Vocabulary Acquisition by Using Flipped Classroom on EFL Learners’ PPA (Performance, Perception and Acceptance)

With the advancement of technology, today’s language teaching and learning are no longer restricted to classroom face-to-face interaction, but it is going beyond a formal classroom. Drawing on this issue, this study sheds some light on the impact of flipped learning instruction on vocabulary acquisition of English learners as a foreign language, their perception of the practices of flipped learning, and their acceptance of the use of the WhatsApp smartphone application to assist the flipped learning activities. An experimental research design was employed by involving 60 EFL learners who were assigned into flipped (N=30) and conventional (N=30) groups. Learners of the flipped group were taught in combined learning activities before the class using WhatsApp and in-class active practices on vocabulary. This study used multiple data collection sources, including pre and post-tests on English vocabulary, a self-report survey, and a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire. The results demonstrated that the EFL learners in the flipped group scored higher in the post-test, and significantly outperformed their counterparts in the conventional group. Moreover, the results of the self-report survey showed that the EFL learners were at a positive perception of the flipped learning environment to study English vocabulary. Furthermore, finding on the TAM questionnaire portrayed that the EFL learners acknowledged WhatsApp as a satisfactory digital platform to assist the activities of English learning through flipped classrooms. This study offers insights for teachers and curriculum developers to begin acknowledging the promising role of digital learning of English beyond the classroom.
Antitoxic Effects of Solanum betaceum cav. Peel Skin Extract

Background: In Indonesia, Solanum betaceum cav is a traditional herbal medicine which their skin is often wasted because not many people known its content. Aims: To find out the anti-toxic effect of Solanum betaceum cav peel skin ethanol extract on rat’s renal post-carrageenan induction. Study Design: Laboratory experimental in vivo study. Place and Duration of Study: This research was done at Animal Research Facilities (ARF) Medical Faculty University of Indonesia, at September to December 2021. Methodology: The samples used in this research are male white mice, Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus) with the body weight 180–220 gram which divided into 5 groups, negative control (saline), positive control (sodium dilcofenac 7mg/kgBW), and Solanum betaceum Cav. peel skin ethanol extract groups (70mg/kgBW, 140mg/kgBW, and 280mg/kgBW). Mice’s buccal mucosa was injected with Caraagenan 1%. Macroscopic and microscopic observation was done before, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours post caraagenan injection. Results: Phytochemical test showed that Solanum betaceum Cav. peel skin ethanol extract contains phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid. At all doses, anti-toxic effect of Solanum betaceum Cav. peel skin ethanol extract have same healing effectiveness within 48 hours. In positive control, the renal were normal at 48 hours. Meanwhile, the negative control’s healing effectiveness was seen at 72 hours. Conclusion: The anti-toxic effect of Solanum betaceum Cav. peel skin ethanol extract has effective healing process at all doses in 48 hours post-carrageenan induction without affect rats’ body weight, however with lower intensity than positive control which using dilcofenac as anti-inflammatory drug.
Perturbation of whispering gallery modes of magnetorheological polydimethylsiloxane spheres by external magnetic field

The effect of external magnetic field on the whispering gallery optical modes (WGM) of Magnetorheological Polydimethylsiloxane (MR-PDMS) spheres is studied. Magnetically polarizable particles are mixed in with the PDMS when it is in liquid form and cured to solidify into spheres with diameters of several hundreds of microns. The spheres are then coated with a layer of pure PDMS with thickness of several microns. Light from a tunable laser is tangentially coupled into this outer layer using a tapered single mode optical fiber in order to excite the optical modes of the sphere. These composite micro-sphere resonators exhibit high Q-factors (~ 106). An analysis is carried out to estimate the WGM shifts induced by the applied magnetic field. An experiment is also carried out to demonstrate the magnetic-field induced WGM shifts in a 400 μm diameter MR-PDMS resonator. The results indicate that MR-PDMS micro-spheres may be used as magnetic field sensors.
Racial/ethnic disparities in the distribution and effect of type and number of high-risk criteria on mortality in prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy

ABSTRACT Objective To assess differences in the distribution of type and number of D’Amico high-risk criteria (DHRCs) according to race/ethnicity (R/E) and their effect on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with external beam radiotherapy (RT). Methods In the SEER database (2004–2016), we identified 31,002 PCa patients treated with RT with at least one DHRCs, namely PSA >20 ng/dL, biopsy Gleason Grade Group 4–5, and clinical T stage ≥T2c. Competing risks regression (CRR) model tested the association between DHRCs and 5-year CSM in all R/E subgroups. Results Of 31,002 patients, 20,894 (67%) were Caucasian, 5256 (17%) were African American, 2868 (9.3%) were Hispanic-Latino, and 1984 (6.4%) were Asian. The distributions of individual DHRCs and combinations of two DHRCs differed according to R/E, but not for the combination of three DHRCs. The effect related to the presence of a single DHRC, and combinations of two or three DHRCs on absolute CSM rates was lowest in Asians (1.2–6.8%), followed by in African Americans (2.3–12.2%) and Caucasians (2.3–12.1%), and highest in Hispanic/Latinos (1.7–13.8%). However, the opposite effect was observed in CRR, where hazard ratios were highest in Asians vs. other R/Es: Asians 1.00–2.59 vs. others 0.5–1.83 for one DHRC, Asians 3.4–4.75 vs. others 0.66–3.66 for two DHRCs, and Asians 7.22 vs. others 3.03–4.99 for all three DHRCs. Conclusions: R/E affects the proportions of DHRCs. Moreover, within the four examined R/E groups, the effect of DHRCs on absolute and relative CSM metrics also differed. Therefore, R/E-specific considerations may be warranted in high-risk PCa patients treated with RT.
Hölder Continuity for a Family of Nonlocal Hypoelliptic Kinetic Equations

In this work, Holder continuity is obtained for solutions to the nonlocal kinetic Fokker-Planck Equation, and to a family of related equations with general integro-differential operators. These equations can be seen as a generalization of the Fokker-Planck Equation, or as a linearization of non-cutoff Boltzmann. Difficulties arise because our equations are hypoelliptic, so we utilize the theory of averaging lemmas. Regularity is obtained using De Giorgi's method, so it does not depend on the regularity of initial conditions or coefficients. This work assumes stronger constraints on the nonlocal operator than in the work of Imbert and Silvestre [22], but allows unbounded source terms.
The Dynamic Effect of Root Exudates on Soil Structure Aggregate Stability and Packing

The importance of soil structure, packing and stability, cannot be overstated as it controls vital processes in the terrestrial 10 environment. Physical, chemical and biological processes altogether affect the dynamics of soil structure with the biological driver being the most complex and least explored. We quantified, developing and applying advanced methods, the effect of mucilage (0.035% w/w), the main substance in root exudates, on soil packing and stability, by micro-CT and laser granulometry (aggregate durability index), respectively. Upon mucilage addition to soils, or plant growth, soil aggregate size and aggregate stability both increased, however, the intensity varied between the soils, in the order of sandy-clay-loam > 15 loamy-sand > clayey soils. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction measurements focusing on the smaller soil aggregates (<250 µm) and their mineralogy, bring forward their dominant role in aggregation and stabilization processes induced by mucilage. The complex effects of mucilage coupled with a physical driver, wetting and drying, on microorganism activity, were explored. Compensating microorganism activities, root mucilage consumption and self-mucilaginous polysaccharides production, most likely explain the stability steady state reached within three days. The 20 presence of mucilage in sandy-clay-loam and clayey soils, intensified and overcame the aggregation and disaggregation induced by wetting and drying, respectively. Elucidating soil structure dynamics will enable better understanding of soil stability processes and thereby develop better strategies for soil erosion management.
Quality of Life and Anxiety Levels in Latin American Immigrants as Caregivers of Older Adults in Spain

Increased life expectancy in Spain has highlighted the need for formal caregivers who care for older adults who live at home. In many cases, families choose to hire immigrants from Latin America who, on many occasions, have been forced to emigrate, which causes a considerable psychological impact on them. To this, other factors such as precarious working conditions, loneliness, or high workload are added, which leads to many caregivers becoming sick. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life and the level of anxiety derived from the workload of Latin American immigrants who come to Spain to care for older adults. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using two validated questionnaires to measure this relationship. A correlation was also established between quality of life and anxiety as expressed by the participants. The sample consisted of a total of 426 subjects. One of the main results showed that the lower the caregiver’s quality of life, the higher their level of anxiety (OR = 1.06; 95% CI). Live-in caregivers had a lower quality of life than people who did not live in the same house as the cared-for person (OR = 2.22; 95% CI). Working long hours and having a high workload was associated with poorer quality of life and higher levels of anxiety. Assessing immigrants who are formal caregivers and providing them with the support that helps to improve their quality of life is suggested to reduce the occurrence of anxiety disorders.
Fractional Relaxation Equations and Brownian Crossing Probabilities of a Random Boundary

In this paper we analyze different forms of fractional relaxation equations of order ν ∈ (0, 1), and we derive their solutions in both analytical and probabilistic forms. In particular, we show that these solutions can be expressed as random boundary crossing probabilities of various types of stochastic process, which are all related to the Brownian motion B. In the special case ν = ½, the fractional relaxation is shown to coincide with Pr{sup0≤s≤t B(s) < U} for an exponential boundary U. When we generalize the distributions of the random boundary, passing from the exponential to the gamma density, we obtain more and more complicated fractional equations.