Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Neural Mobile Networking

The next generation of mobile networks is set to become increasingly complex, as these struggle to accommodate tremendous data traffic demands generated by ever-more connected devices that have diverse performance requirements in terms of throughput, latency, and reliability. This makes monitoring and managing the multitude of network elements intractable with existing tools and impractical for traditional machine learning algorithms that rely on hand-crafted feature engineering. In this context, embedding machine intelligence into mobile networks becomes necessary, as this enables systematic mining of valuable information from mobile big data and automatically uncovering correlations that would otherwise have been too difficult to extract by human experts. In particular, deep learning based solutions can automatically extract features from raw data, without human expertise. The performance of artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved in other domains draws unprecedented interest from both academia and industry in employing deep learning approaches to address technical challenges in mobile networks. This thesis attacks important problems in the mobile networking area from various perspectives by harnessing recent advances in deep neural networks.
Electroantennogram responses of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata to identified volatile constituents from calling males

Fifty‐six compounds from the odor of ‘calling’, sexually mature, laboratory reared males of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)*** were isolated by headspace trapping on Tenax columns and identified using GC/MS techniques (69 total compounds were detected). Electroantennogram responses (EAGs) to 54 of the 56 identified compounds as well as 5 analogs were tested on both sexes. Significant differences between the sexes in their responsiveness were found in 9 of the 54 identified compounds tested. There was no correlation between the amplitude of the EAG response and the relative abundance of compound identified from headspace analysis. Of the five ‘major’ identified components, three elicited relatively small EAG responses, while two elicited large EAGs compared to the hexan‐1‐ol standard. The relative ranking of EAG responses were: methyl and ethyl hexenoates and hexanoates > C4‐C6 esters and/or acetates > ethyl and methyl octenoates > monoterpenes > sesquiterpenes > C2‐C5 acetates, alcohols and ketones. Behavioral bioassays on each of the five ‘major’ identified components as well as a blend of six of the compounds showed some degree of attractancy to virgin females which in some cases approached the response to a ‘pheromonal’ standard (male odors absorbed onto filter paper). These results are discussed in relationship to the insect's antennal sensitivity to putative ‘pheromone’ components and/or allomonal components and to other reported C. capitata pheromone studies.
Comparative and functional morphology of the buccal cavity of Diplogastrina (Nematoda) and a first outline of the phylogeny of this taxon

The Diplogastrina include about 290 species of free living nematodes. Traditional classifications of this taxon are not based upon hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships. The highly variable structures of the buccal cavity were examined in 21 species using light microscopy and SEM. The function of the stomatal structures was studied with the aid of video recordings of living worms. The morphological data were used to reconstruct a first outline of the phylogenetic relationships of the Dipolgastrina. A rhabditoid gymnostomatal tube which is longer than wide, a short stegostom and a small dorsal tooth as in Pseudodiplogasteroides belong to the stem species pattern of Diplogastrina. Diplogastrina with a ‘Rhabditis’-like gymnostomatal tube feed on bacteria and small fungal spores. A short and broad gymnostom as well as a right subventral tooth which forms a functional unit with the dorsal tooth were acquired step by step in the ancestral line leading to Mononchoides and Tylopharynx. The cuticularized cheilostom was divided into six plates connected by pliable regions twice independently within the Diplogastrina. The teeth-bearing posterior part of the buccal capsule can move forewards by pushing apart the plates of the cheilostom so that the teeth can get in contact with food items that are too big to be sucked into the buccal cavity. Diplogastrina with a divided cheilostom can feed not only on bacteria, but also on larger fungal spores, ciliates or other nematodes. Tylopharynx is specialized to rip apart the cell wall of fungal hyphae with the movements of a dorsal and a subventral tooth in order to suck out the contents of the fungus. This shows that the transformation of the buccal cavity in Diplogastrina is linked with an expansion of ecological niches.
Population dynamics of Vulpia ciliata: regional, patch and local dynamics

1 Data on the population dynamics of the annual grass Vulpia ciliata were collected at three levels, from the scale of the regional population down to small (10 × 10 cm) patches. We use these data to explore the degree to which fine scale processes influence large scale patterns of abundance.
Granivorous birds in a stable and isolated open habitat within the Amazonian rainforest

Granivory among birds is specially prevalent in pioneer or early stages of the ecological succession (Wiens & Johnston 1977), where plants are selected for high and rapid reproductive rates thus producing large seed crops (Leck et al. 1989). True granivorous birds show an array of behavioural, morphological and life-history adaptations to exploit open and unpredictable habitats, together with morphological and physiological adaptations for eating seeds (Wiens & Johnston1977). These adaptations may allow seed-eating birds to exploit successfully rainforest openings, which are patches of open, early successional stages within dense and mature ecosystems. It has been shown that seed-eating birds are more abundant or even restricted to these openings, either natural (Levey 1988, Schemske & Brokaw 1981, Terborgh et al. 1990) or man-made (Karr 1976, Lopez-Ornat 1990). One of the main factors affecting granivorous bird abundances worldwide seems to be seed abundance (Schluter & Repasky 1991). Two main processes determine seed abundance for granivorous birds: the production and germination dynamics of plant communities, which ultimately determine the size of seed banks available to granivores (Leck et al. 1989), and the consumption of seeds by other granivores such as ants and rodents (Brown et al. 1986). Rainforest openings generally have larger seed banks than the surrounding mature forest, although there is a great deal of between-openings variation (Garwood 1989). Overall seed predation rates by rodents and ants appear to be lower in South American deserts than in comparable habitats worldwide, since rodent impact on seed resources is very low in South America (Mares & Rosenzweig 1978) and ant foraging activity does not increase to compensate for this rodent scarcity (Morton 1985).
Diet and feeding of Euphausia hanseni and Nematoscelis megalops (Euphausiacea) in the northern Benguela Current: ecological significance of vertical space partitioning

Patterns of diel migration and feeding of Euphausia hanseni and Nernatoscelis rnegalops were investigated in waters of the northern Benguela (Namibia) upwelling system. N. megalops migrated to just below the thermocline at night and fed maximally in the early evening E. hanseni migrated to above the thermocline at night and fed progressively throughout the night. Although both species were omnivorous and consumed similar size ranges of copepod prey, differential prey sizefrequency with depth resulted in E. hanseni consuming mostly small-sized copepods and N. megalops preferring medum size classes. At depths of overlap the 2 species appeared to partition copepod food resources on the basis of size. Verhcal spatial partitioning is examined in light of temporal and dietary separation, and overlapping horizontal distribution patterns of the species in the northern Benguela upwelling system. It is concluded that vertical space partitioning is a reflection of the structure of shelf break zooplankton communities, which is a strategy of sharing highly productive areas and avoiding competition.
Characterization of 38 kDa and 42 kDa chitinase isozymes from the liver of Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus

: Characterization was investigated on the 38 kDa and 42 kDa chitinase (EC3.2.1.14) isozymes from the liver of Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus. Optimum pH toward colloidal chitin was observed at pH 3.0 for the 38 kDa chitinase, and pH 3.0 and 9.0 for the 42 kDa chitinase. Km and kcat of the 38 kDa and 42 kDa chitinases toward a longer substrate, glycol chitin, were 0.071 mg/mL and 1.22/s, and 0.074 mg/mL and 0.196/s, respectively. Alternatively, strong substrate inhibition of both chitinases were observed toward a short substrate, N-acetylchitopentaose (GlcNAc5). Both chitinases decomposed not only chitin but also chitosan (D. A. 95%). The cleavage pattern and reaction rate were investigated using N-acetylchitooligosaccharides (GlcNAcn, n = 2–6). Both chitinases hydrolyzed GlcNAcn (n = 4,5, and 6). The release of GlcNAc was not observed. The speed of the reaction was observed to be in the following order: GlcNAc4 > GlcNAc5 > GlcNAc6 for the 38 kDa chitinase, and GlcNAc6 > GlcNAc5 > GlcNAc4 for the 42 kDa chitinase. Both the chitinases released p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl GlcNAcn (n = 2, 3, and 4). N-terminal amino acid sequences of the 38 kDa and 42 kDa chitinases were YLLSXYFTNWSQYRPGAGKYFPQNI and EYRKVXYYTNWSQYREVPAKFFPEN, respectively.
Effects of destroying juxtaposed mussel-dominated and coralline algal communities at Umdoni Park, Natal coast, South Africa

An experiment was conducted to determine the recruitment pattern of species into disturbed areas of the lower littoral zone. Plots were cleared to rock substratum in two juxtaposing communities, one dominated by the mussel Perna perna (Linn.) and the other by foliose and crustose coralline algae (Rhodophyceae). Subsequent changes in cover were monitored for one year. Undisturbed sectors of these two communities were also monitored for comparative purposes. Evaluations were made by comparing species similarity indices and biomass measures. Within five months all cleared plots had recruited a richer species composition and a biomass comparable to that of an undisturbed community dominated by coralline algae. The mussel Perna perna, during the experiment and up to eight years later, never returned to numerical dominance in the experimental plots. The consequences of this for the welfare of mussel beds are discussed.
Women’s Preferences for Sexual Dimorphism in Faces: Data from a Sample of Arab Women

Many previous studies have investigated the effects of manipulating sexually dimorphic shape characteristics in face images on attractiveness judgments. However, results have been mixed and show considerable cross-cultural variability, particularly for women’s judgments of men’s facial attractiveness. Because very little research has investigated face preferences in Arab samples, we assessed Arab women’s preferences for sexually dimorphic face shapes (study 1) and the effect of sexually dimorphic face shapes on Arab women’s dominance perceptions (study 2). Analyses showed that Arab women preferred feminized versions of both women’s and men’s faces over masculinized versions (study 1, N = 272) and that masculinizing face shape had a positive effect on Arab women’s perceptions of the dominance of men, but not women (study 2, N = 270). These image manipulations did not have a significant effect on perceptions of trustworthiness, however (study 3, N = 434). Collectively, these results suggest that Arab women prefer relatively feminine face shapes in potential mates that they perceive as being low dominance. We discuss some directions for future research on the ultimate function of Arab women’s preferences for sexual dimorphism in faces
Heterogeneity‐Induced Mixing and Reaction Hot Spots Facilitate Karst Propagation in Coastal Aquifers

The freshwater‐seawater mixing zone is a critical region for chemical activity. Yet little is known about the influence of ever present spatial heterogeneity on the dynamics of mixing and calcite dissolution, which play a key role in the understanding of karst development. We analyze the impact of different heterogeneity structures and strengths on the local and global response of mixing and dissolution rates across the saltwater freshwater mixing zone. We find that the initial heterogeneity structure significantly impacts observed dissolution and mixing patterns, which sheds some new light on karst propagation in coastal aquifers.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STOMATA AND LEAF TRICHOME CHARACTERISTICS IN QUERCUS ROBUR L. GENOTYPES

The objective of this study was to determine genotype variability of leaf trichome and stoma characteristics. Leaves were sampled from seventeen pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L) genotypes originating from clonal seed orchard Banov Brod (Srem, the Vojvodina Province). The pedunculate oak has hypostomatal leaves. Statistically significant differences were found for the dimensions and density of stomata. Genotype variability of stomatal dimensions was less pronounced in comparison with their density (CV = 8.88%). Stomata number ranged from 530 to 791 per mm2 of leaf area; genotypes 18 and 25 could be distinguished from the others for the highest stomata number per leaf unit area, genotype 35 for the lowest number. In all genotypes, only solitary eglandular trichomes were observed on the adaxial leaf surface while both solitary eglandular and uniseriate glandular hairs were present on the abaxial surface. Single glandular trichomes were observed in all genotypes, while some of them were characterized by the presence of two (genotypes 4, 5, 6, 16, 22, 25, 28, 29, 30, 35, 38, 40, and 85) or three (genotypes 16, 25, 35) hairs joined by their basal cells.
Pattern of gonad maturation in a highly stocked population of brown trout (Salmo trutta L., 1758) from Central Italy

This study deals with the gonadal development and breeding season of a brown trout population in the river Metauro (Central Italy), a typical Apennine river with a short course and a highly unpredictable water flow. The results obtained showed that most individuals spawn between November and January, with a peak in December. This trend is similar to that observed in populations from Central Europe, but differs considerably from other populations at similar latitudes, which show a spawning peak between February and March. As brown trout in the river Metauro are heavily stocked with farmed strains of Atlantic origin, it is likely that in this population the reproductive characteristics have changed according to the pattern of North European populations. On the other hand, the unusual presence of mature trout in June could be the result of stocking with farmed individuals whose reproductive characteristics have been modified by breeders.
Utility of Artificial Neural Networks in Modeling Pan Evaporation in Hyper-Arid Climates

Evaporation is the major water-loss component of the hydrologic cycle and thus requires efficient management. This study aims to model daily pan evaporation rates in hyper-arid climates using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Hyper-arid climates are characterized by harsh environmental conditions where annual precipitation rates do not exceed 3% of annual evaporation rates. For the first time, ANNs were applied to model such climatic conditions in the State of Kuwait. Pan evaporation data from 1993–2015 were normalized to a 0–1 range to boost ANN performance and the ANN structure was optimized by testing various meteorological input combinations. Levenberg–Marquardt algorithms were used to train the ANN models. The proposed ANN was satisfactorily efficient in modeling pan evaporation in these hyper-arid climatic conditions. The Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients ranged from 0.405 to 0.755 over the validation period. Mean air temperatures and average wind speeds were identified as meteorological variables that most influenced the ANN performance. A sensitivity analysis showed that the number of hidden layers did not significantly impact the ANN performance. The ANN models demonstrated considerable bias in predicting high pan evaporation rates (>25 mm/day). The proposed modeling method may assist water managers in Kuwait and other hyper-arid regions in establishing resilient water-management plans.
Threat-sensitive responses to predator attacks in a damselfly

The threat sensitivity hypothesis predicts that prey species assess and adjust their behavior flexibly in accordance with the magnitude of the threat imposed by a predator. We tested this hypothesis with regard to escape behavior and thanatosis (feigning of death to escape predation) in larvae of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. We manipulated the perceived predation threat of the larvae by changing three factors: lamellae autotomy (an escape strategy where animals sacrifice a body part when grasped by a predator; lamellae present or absent), kairomone type (odors released by predators; control, dragonfly kairomones or fish kairomones), and population of origin (fishpond or fishless pond). We demonstrated that thanatosis increased survival both when confronted with dragonfly and fish predators. We could show, for the first time, costs of past autotomy to be predator-dependent: larvae without lamellae suffered higher predation mortality but only in the presence of a dragonfly predator and not in the presence of a fish predator. This is in accordance with the observed reduced escape speed of larvae after autotomy, which may affect escape probability toward dragonfly predators but not to the very fast fish predators. Unexpectedly, kairomone type did not affect the escape response of the larvae. In accordance with the threat sensitivity hypothesis, after an unsuccessful attack, larvae without lamellae had a higher frequency to enter thanatosis than larvae with lamellae and larvae from the fishpond showed longer thanatosis durations than larvae from the fishless pond. Consistent with the hypothesis, the reaction of the larvae to a simulated attack depended jointly on lamellae status and population. In fishless ponds, larvae with lamellae swam away more frequently than larvae without lamellae; in fishponds both groups almost never swam away and relied mostly upon immobility. Given the obvious benefits of adaptively varying escape responses we hypothesize this threat sensitivity to be widespread. Moreover, we argue that former inconsistencies between studies with regard to escape behavior may have been partly because of such adaptive variation.
Zinc deficiency in wheat and lupins in Western Australia is affected by the source of phosphate fertiliser

A long-term field experiment is being conducted in the wheatbelt of Western Australia to determine the effects of source of phosphate fertiliser on the residual effectiveness of zinc (Zn) to wheat and to sweet, narrow-leafed lupins grown in rotation. The initial 2 years' results of that experiment reported here indicate that both wheat and lupins responded to the addition of Zn to the soil. The requirements of these crops for Zn, can be mostly met with the small amount of Zn that is a natural component in single superphosphate manufactured from rock phosphates, but not with diammonium phosphate (DAP). The internal requirements for Zn of the aboveground tissues of lupins appear greater than those of wheat. Depending on the stage of growth, critical concentrations of Zn in the youngest leaf tissues of wheat that were prognostic of Zn deficiency, were found to vary from about 7 to 16 ¦g/g, while those in lupins were found to vary from about 28 to 37 ¦g/g.
Historical cyst record as evidence for the recent introduction of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum in the north-eastern Atlantic

The geographical origin of the warm-temperate paralytic shellfish poison producer Gymnodinium catenatum Graham is still under debate. It was first reported in the north-eastern Atlantic in 1976, from the Galician rías (North-West Iberia). Since then, and until 1995, recurrent blooms were recorded, with north-south progression of the affected areas, eventually affecting the whole West and South Atlantic coasts of Iberia and the Moroccan coast. This study presents results obtained from cyst analyses of a 210Pb-dated box core and a 14C-dated piston core, collected off Iberia, covering the last 2 000 years. They indicate that G. catenatum is not endemic to the area but has been introduced around the beginning of the last century, coinciding with another major environmental change, possibly related to cultural eutrophication.
Hospital Admission in Children and Adolescents With COVID-19.

Since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, 163 175 cases of COVID-19 and 6692 deaths (4.1%) have been registered in Germany. SARS-CoV-2 infections in children are usually mild and are associated with a low rate of hospitalization and intensive care (1, 2). No data have yet become available on pediatric inpatients in Germany; however, such data are urgently needed for epidemiological modeling and better understanding of the disease in this age group.
Seasonal surplus killing as hunting strategy of the weasel Mustela nivalis - test of a hypothesis

This paper questions the common explanation of surplus killing by small mustelids as an incidental response to superabundance of prey. Alternatively, we propose that surplus hunting in weasels is a regular seasonal (winter) strategy, a mean of: (1) balancing the cold-inducted increase of energy need, (2) compensating the concurrent restriction in hunting activity, (3) constantly supplying a "buffer" cache against unpredictable winter conditions. We tested this prediction in seminatural conditions in nineteen experiments performed over three years with 8 nonreproductive weasels Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 and very high densities of rodents, mainly the bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780). Each experiment lasted from 6 to 25 days.
The effect of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 10% citric acid solutions with manual and ultrasonic agitation on smear layer removal and intraradicular dentine erosion: a scanning electron microscope evaluation

Este estudo ex vivo avaliou a eficacia de diferentes protocolos de irrigacao final na remocao da smear layer e na erosao da dentina intrarradicular.Trinta e cinco caninos humanos extraidos foram ins- trumentados e divididos aleatoriamente, de acordo com as tecnicas de irrigacao final utilizadas, em 7 grupos: 1 (ED3M) e 3 (ED3US), EDTA a 17% por 3 minutos com agitacao manual e ultrassonica, respectivamente; 2 (CA30M) e 4 (CA30US), acido citrico a 10% por 30 segundos com agitacao manual e ultrassonica, respectiva- mente; 5 (CA3M) e 6 (CA3US), acido citrico a 10% por 3 minutos com agitacao manual e ultrassonica, respectivamente; e 7 (Na3), NaOCl a 5,25% por 3 minutos sem agitacao (controle). Todas as amostras foram irrigadas com NaOCl a 5,25%, divididas longitudi- nalmente e examinadas em microscopia eletronica de varredura (MEV) nos tercos apical, medio e coronal. Os dados foram analisa- dos pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. A eficacia do EDTA 17% e do acido citrico 10% na remocao da smear layer foi significativamente maior que NaOCl 5,25% (controle). Nao houve diferencas significativas entre os protocolos finais de irrigacao na remocao da smear layer ou nos efeitos erosivos. Entretanto, ao comparar os tercos dos grupos 1 (ED3M) e 2 (CA30M), a menor remocao da camada de smear layer e erosao foram observadas no terco apical, mas o procedimento do grupo 4 (CA30US) foi mais eficaz que 1 (ED3M) (p = 0,0004), 2 (CA30M) (p = 0,0018) ou 3(ED3US) (p = 0,0003) na remocao da smear layer no terco apical.Concluiu-se que os protocolos utilizados neste estudo foram se- melhantes na remocao da smear layer e efeitos erosivos.