Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Stacking Sequence of Laminated Cylindrical Shells Using Genetic Algorithm

Abstract Stacking sequence of a laminated cylindrical shell is optimized based on natural frequency. In the optimization problem, it is desired to have the maximum possible natural frequency. Laminated thickness is fixed and orientations are changed in a set of angles. A laminated cylindrical shell is considered anisotropic with finite length and simply supported edges. Free-vibration analysis is based on fully three-dimensional elasticity equations. The highly coupled partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients by means of trigonometric function expansion in the axial dimension. The resulting differential equations are solved exactly. In this solution, the continuity conditions between any two layers are satisfied. A genetic algorithm is devised for designing composite laminates composed of only one material. The genetic algorithm procedure, referred to as GA-I, will be used for maximization of the lowest natural frequency of a laminated cylindrical shell with strength and ply contiguity constraints. Results are presented for stacking sequence optimization of three- and five-layer cylindrical shells.
Kelvin-Helmholtz disruptions in extended magnetized jet flows

We numerically investigate the long-term temporal evolution of magnetized jets where the computational domain covers multiple wavelengths (up to 10) of the fastest growing Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable mode. The dynamical importance of the magnetic field, which is initially uniform and flow-aligned, varies over a significant range: the plasma β in the jets ranges from O(1000) (essentially hydrodynamical) down to O(1) (equipartition jets). Our calculations of two-dimensional, longitudinally periodic, extended slab configurations identify an inverse cascade process in the overall disruption to a broadened and heated jet flow. This process occurs for transonic and supersonic flows as well, with rapid shock-dominated transients appearing in supersonic cases, and with characteristic differences depending on the initial jet width. For configurations with a jet velocity profile having a radius that is much larger than the vorticity thickness of the flow, the cascade proceeds early through pairing/merging of individual mode structures on both jet boundaries. Jets with radii of the order of the vorticity thickness are strongly unstable to sinuous deformations with boundary layer-layer interactions between vortex (transonic, weak magnetic field) and shock (supersonic, strong field) structures in a few sound crossing times. We back up these findings for planar jets with selected three-dimensional simulations of extended cylindrical jet configurations. These tend to have more small-scale fluctuations in their relaxed endstates. The timescales and overall scenario for the helical disruptions agree well with the 2D studies. This allows us to discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of magnetohydrodynamic stability of astrophysical jets.
Effects of Astaxanthin, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin on Eye–Hand Coordination and Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movement after Visual Display Terminal Operation in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Intergroup Trial

(1) Background: The impairment of eye–hand coordination and smooth-pursuit eye movement caused by visual display terminal (VDT) operation is thought to impair daily living activities, for which no effective methods are currently known. On the other hand, various food ingredients, including astaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin, are known to help improve the eye health of VDT operators. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the combination of astaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin can prevent the impairment of eye–hand coordination and smooth-pursuit eye movement caused by VDT operation. (2) Methods: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. Healthy subjects who regularly worked with VDTs were randomly assigned to the active and placebo groups. All of the subjects took soft capsules containing 6 mg of astaxanthin, 10 mg of lutein, and 2 mg of zeaxanthin or placebo soft capsules once daily for eight weeks. We evaluated the eye–hand coordination, smooth-pursuit eye movements, and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) at 0, two, four, and eight weeks after soft-capsule intake. (3) Results: The active group showed significantly improved eye–hand coordination after VDT operation at eight weeks. However, there was no clear improvement in the effect of the supplementation on smooth-pursuit eye movements. The active group also showed a significant increase in MPOD levels. (4) Conclusions: Consumption of a supplement containing astaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin mitigates the decline of eye–hand coordination after VDT operation.
COVID-19 symptoms and compliance: The mediating role of fundamental social motives

Background Understanding the compliance of infected individuals and the psychological process underlying compliance during pandemics is important for preventing and controlling the spread of pathogens. Our study investigated whether fundamental social motives mediate the relationship between having infectious disease and compliance. Methods An online survey was conducted in March 2020, during the severe phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China to collect data from 15,758 participants. The survey comprised self-report questionnaires with items pertaining to current symptoms (COVID-19 symptoms, other symptoms or no symptoms), the Fundamental Social Motive Inventory, and measures of compliance. Correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, and structural equation model were used for data analysis. Results The participants with COVID-19 symptoms had lower levels of compliance than those without symptoms, and their lower compliance was caused by a decrease in disease avoidance (indirect effect = −0.058, 95% CI = [−0.061, −0.056]) and familial motives (indirect effect = −0.113, 95% CI = [−0.116, −0.062]). Whereas exclusion concern (indirect effect = 0.014, 95% CI = [0.011, 0.017]) suppressed the effects of COVID-19 symptoms on compliance, the effect disappeared in the multiple mediation model, while those of disease avoidance and familial motives remained. Conclusion Our findings emphasize the critical role of disease avoidance and familial motives in promoting compliance with public health norms during pandemics and suggest that enhancing these motives may serve as an effective intervention strategy to mitigate noncompliance among potentially infected individuals.
Clinical Relevance of Gut Microbiota Alterations under the Influence of Selected Drugs—Updated Review

As pharmacology and science progress, we discover new generations of medicines. This relationship is a response to the increasing demand for medicaments and is powered by progress in medicine and research about the respective entities. However, we have questions about the efficiency of pharmacotherapy in individual groups of patients. The effectiveness of therapy is controlled by many variables, such as genetic predisposition, age, sex and diet. Therefore, we must also pay attention to the microbiota, which fulfill a lot of functions in the human body. Drugs used in psychiatry, gastroenterology, diabetology and other fields of medicine have been demonstrated to possess much potential to change the composition and probably the function of the intestinal microbiota, which consequently creates long-term risks of developing chronic diseases. The article describes the amazing interactions between gut microbes and drugs currently used in healthcare.
Numerical Investigation of the Re-entry Flight of Hayabusa and Comparison to Flight Data

This paper presents a comparison of re-entry ight data measured by the NASA/JAXA Hayabusa Observation campaign with numerical calculations and ground testing in the NASA Ames Electric Arc Shock Tube (EAST) facility and the University of Stuttgart plasma wind tunnel, Plasmawindkanal 1 (PWK1). The numerical calculations were conducted using the University of Stuttgart URANUS code including thermal and chemical non-equilibrium as well as radiation transport modeled by the programs HERTA and PARADE. The ow eld calculations were extended by an ablation calculation using FABL (Fluid Gravity Engineering Ablation code). These simulations were performed for 17 trajectory points chosen from the nominal ight trajectory provided by NASA. The ground testing in the
Impact behavior of a superball

When a superball is incident with backspin on a horizontal surface, at an angle near the normal, it bounces backwards and with a reversal in the spin direction. The effect is less noticeable with other balls, which may bounce with reduced spin and without a reversal in the spin direction. The outcome depends on the friction force acting on the ball. Measurements with several different rubber balls are presented showing that the time history of the friction force, the resulting tangential impulse, and the resulting tangential coefficient of restitution all depend on both the coefficient of sliding friction and the ratio of the tangential vibration period to the impact duration of the ball. Grip and slip phases of the bounce are identified visually by allowing the ball to impact on chalk lines drawn on a blackboard, and by video-recording the bounce of a rectangular block of rubber.
Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) and COVID-19: Unveiling the Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potentialities with a Special Focus on Long COVID

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused havoc all around the world. The causative agent of COVID-19 is the novel form of the coronavirus (CoV) named SARS-CoV-2, which results in immune system disruption, increased inflammation, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). T cells have been important components of the immune system, which decide the fate of the COVID-19 disease. Recent studies have reported an important subset of T cells known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), which possess immunosuppressive and immunoregulatory properties and play a crucial role in the prognosis of COVID-19 disease. Recent studies have shown that COVID-19 patients have considerably fewer Tregs than the general population. Such a decrement may have an impact on COVID-19 patients in a number of ways, including diminishing the effect of inflammatory inhibition, creating an inequality in the Treg/Th17 percentage, and raising the chance of respiratory failure. Having fewer Tregs may enhance the likelihood of long COVID development in addition to contributing to the disease’s poor prognosis. Additionally, tissue-resident Tregs provide tissue repair in addition to immunosuppressive and immunoregulatory activities, which may aid in the recovery of COVID-19 patients. The severity of the illness is also linked to abnormalities in the Tregs’ phenotype, such as reduced expression of FoxP3 and other immunosuppressive cytokines, including IL-10 and TGF-beta. Hence, in this review, we summarize the immunosuppressive mechanisms and their possible roles in the prognosis of COVID-19 disease. Furthermore, the perturbations in Tregs have been associated with disease severity. The roles of Tregs are also explained in the long COVID. This review also discusses the potential therapeutic roles of Tregs in the management of patients with COVID-19.
COMSOL solutions to EMI hardening of UAVs against lightning strikes

In this paper, COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to simulate lightning impulse applied to nose, wings, and fuselage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Based on that, the electric field levels at different points inside the UAV are computed. Real-world 3D model of UAV is created using SOLIDWORKS software. Since the impulse has no single frequency, the model is used in the time domain to simulate the lightning strike. Furthermore, hardening the UAV to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) by shielding against lightning strikes is examined. The results confirm that an overlay of good electric conductor can essentially prevent lightning strikes from entering the UAV, even when necessary narrow seams and holes are not shielded. To show the validity and usefulness of the model, the computed results are compared with measured data where acceptable agreement is observed.
Characterizing the Spatial Structure(s) of Cities “on the fly”: The Space‐Time Calendar

Our understanding of the spatial structure of cities has been traditionally shaped by the availability of static urban data. In the last few years, thanks to improvements in geospatial technology as well as computing storage and power, there has been an explosion of geo-referenced data, which monitor cities and urban activities in real time. Although this shift in the data landscape promises to change and augment the way we measure, understand, and act on cities, it poses significant methodological challenges and uncovers substantial gaps in the analytics required to leverage its power. In this paper, we propose a novel approach – the Space-Time LISA Calendar – that improves our understanding of both fast and slow spatial dynamics of urban activity. Combining explicitly space-time analytic techniques with a visualization approach that efficiently displays statistical output, our results allow to characterize the nature of the different areas that make up a city and to spot trends and changes, potentially as they occur in the real world. We illustrate the advantages of the Space-Time LISA Calendar using a dataset derived over two years from cell-phone activity in the city of Amsterdam (The Netherlands). Our findings highlight its power to uncover not only the expected patterns, but also additional unexpected ones that would have remained hidden under a more traditional approach.
Multiple timescale and sensitivity analysis for the passive control of the cylinder flow

A theoretical approach is developed to predict the effect of a passive control device on the global stability of a cylinder flow close to the critical Reynolds number Rec = 46.8. The passive control device is here a small control cylinder that is modelled by a local force. This force is the sum of a steady component, acting on the base-flow, and of an unsteady component, acting at the perturbation level. To understand how these two components affect the flow stability, a multiple timescale analysis is first performed at the bifurcation. The leading global mode responsible for the onset of the Von Karman street is assumed to oscillate on a ”fast” timescale and its amplitude to grow on a ”slow” timescale. Then a sensitivity analysis of the leading global eigenvalue with respect to the steady and unsteady components of the force is developed. By combining these two analysis, one obtains maps of the growth rate and pulsation of the perturbation as a function of the position of the local force. The regions of the flow where the placement of a control cylinder suppresses the Von Karman instability are very well reproduced.
Impact of Sex and Gender on Clinical Management of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes

Gender differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features in chronic liver diseases that may be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been increasingly reported in recent years. This sexual dimorphism is due to a complex interaction between sex- and gender-related factors, including biological, hormonal, psychological and socio-cultural variables. However, the impact of sex and gender on the management of T2D subjects with liver disease is still unclear. In this regard, sex-related differences deserve careful consideration in pharmacology, aimed at improving drug safety and optimising medical therapy, both in men and women with T2D; moreover, low adherence to and persistence of long-term drug treatment is more common among women. A better understanding of sex- and gender-related differences in this field would provide an opportunity for a tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the management of T2D subjects with chronic liver disease. In this narrative review, we summarized available data on sex- and gender-related differences in chronic liver disease, including metabolic, autoimmune, alcoholic and virus-related forms and their potential evolution towards cirrhosis and/or hepatocarcinoma in T2D subjects, to support their appropriate and personalized clinical management.
The Role of Viral Infections in the Onset of Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are the consequence of a breach in immune tolerance, leading to the inability to sufficiently differentiate between self and non-self. Immune reactions that are targeted towards self-antigens can ultimately lead to the destruction of the host’s cells and the development of autoimmune diseases. Although autoimmune disorders are comparatively rare, the worldwide incidence and prevalence is increasing, and they have major adverse implications for mortality and morbidity. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to be the major factors contributing to the development of autoimmunity. Viral infections are one of the environmental triggers that can lead to autoimmunity. Current research suggests that several mechanisms, such as molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, and bystander activation, can cause viral-induced autoimmunity. Here we describe the latest insights into the pathomechanisms of viral-induced autoimmune diseases and discuss recent findings on COVID-19 infections and the development of AIDs.
Variation of dietary protein/lipid levels used in postlarvae of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured in a biofloc system

A 70-day experimental trial was performed to evaluate the contribution of biofloc to the nutrition of Macrobrachium rosenbergii 15 days old postlarvae (PL) (average 82.00 ± 19.71 mg) fed different crude protein (P) and lipids (L) levels in zero-water exchange culture tanks. Six biofloc treatments (BFT) as experimental diets with 15, 20, or 25% P levels and 5 or 8% L levels were managed: BFT-15/5; BFT-15/8; BFT-20/5; BFT-20/8; BFT-25/5; BFT-25/8, and a clear-water control without biofloc fed with 25% P and 8% L (CW-25/8). The experiment was done in triplicate in 21-60 L plastic tanks containing 10 prawns tank-1. At the end of the experiment, survival of prawns was above 66%, with no significant differences among experimental groups (P > 0.05). The best growth performance was observed in the experimental prawns maintained in BFT-20/5, BFT-20/8, BF-25/5, and BFT-25/8 compared to the control (P < 0.001). The feed conversion rate of the prawns in BFT-20/5 was significantly lower than that in control (P < 0.001); the best P efficiency ratio and productive P value were observed in all BFT compared to control prawns (P < 0.001). Results showed that it is feasible to use low concentrations of P (20%) and L (5%) in diets to grow giant freshwater prawn PL in a biofloc system. Results also demonstrated that biofloc contributes to the P and L requirements of cultured freshwater prawn PL, as indicated by improved feed utilization, P retention, and growth performance.
Convergence Theorems for Strongly Pseudo-contractive and Strongly Accretive Maps

SupposeEis an arbitrary real Banach space andKis a nonempty closed convex and bounded subset ofE. SupposeT:K → Kis a uniformly continuous strong pseudo-contraction with constantk ∈ (0, 1). Suppose {an}, {bn}, {cn}, {a′n}, {b′n}, and {c′n} are sequences in (0, 1) satisfying the following conditions: (i)an + bn + cn = 1 = a′n + b′n + c′n ∀integersn ≥ 0; (ii) lim bn = lim b′n = lim c′n = 0; (iii) Σbn = ∞; (iv) Σcn < ∞. For arbitraryx0, u0, v0 ∈ K, define the sequence {xn}∞n = 0iteratively byxn + 1 = anxn + bnTyn + cnun;yn = a′nxn + b′nTxn + c′nvn,n ≥ 0, where {un}, {vn} are arbitrary sequences inK. Then {xn} converges strongly to the unique fixed point ofT. Related results deal with the iterative solutions of nonlinear equations involving set-valued, strongly accretive operators.
Simultaneous measurement of the de Haas-van Alphen and the Shubnikov-de Haas effect in a two-dimensional electron system

In a simultaneous experiment we studied the de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) and the Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) effects in a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in a modulation-doped GaAs∕AlxGa1−xAs heterostructure. For this, a gated 2DES mesa was monolithically integrated with a micromechnical cantilever with an interferometric fiber-optics readout. In situ measurement of the dHvA and SdH oscillations at 300mK in a magnetic field B allowed us to directly compare the variation of the ground state energy and the nonequilibrium transport behavior, respectively. This was done on a 2DES of a small carrier density ns ranging from 5×1010to33×1010cm−2. The wave forms of the dHvA oscillations were nonsinusoidal down to a magnetic field as small as 1.45T. At the same time the zero-field mobility was as low as μe=105cm2/Vs. We found that at fixed B the observed dHvA wave form and amplitude were independent of ns and μe. This was unexpected and in contrast to the established picture in the literature. To understand the dHvA effect quantitatively in a disordered 2DES our data suggest that energetic details of the disorder potentials have to be considered.
Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical and Structural Properties of a Functionally Graded Material by Adding Alumina Nanoparticles Using A Centrifugal Technique

In this work, functionally graded materials were synthesized by centrifugal technique at different volume fractions 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% Vf with a rotation speed of 1200 rpm and a constant rotation time, T = 6 min . The mechanical properties were characterized to study the graded and non-graded nanocomposites and the pure epoxy material. The mechanical tests showed that graded and non-graded added alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles enhanced the effect more than pure epoxy. The maximum difference in impact strength occurred at (FGM), which was loaded from the rich side of the nano-alumina where the maximum value wasat 1% Vf by 133.33% of the sample epoxy side. The flexural strength and Young modulus of the functionally graded samples were enhanced by 43.69% and 52.74%, respectively, if loaded from the alumina-rich side. On the other hand, when loading (FGM) from the epoxy side, the amount of decrease in bending resistance was 122.4% while the improvement in bending modulus was 81.11% compared to pure epoxy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the fracture surface of the impact samples and the gradient scattering of nanoparticles in the epoxy matrix. Numerous applications can be used to manufacture the functionally graded material by centrifugal casting method, including for the manufacture of gears and all bending applications such as leaf springs.
Simplified characterization of uniaxial and biaxial nonlinear optical crystals: a plea for standardization of nomenclature and conventions

Standards which eliminate ambiguity in reporting nonlinear phenomena, especially in the increasingly complex realm of biaxial crystals, are proposed. In order to restore uniformity to the designation of crystallographic axes and crystal tensor properties, adoption of IEEE/ANSI Std. 176, with a small but much needed modification for crystal class mm2, is recommended. For the reporting of nonlinear interaction characteristics, other frames are proposed which result in simpler rules than heretofore given for categorizing phase-matching loci, and for characterizing eigenmode polarizations, double refraction, effective nonlinear coupling, and first- and second-order acceptance bandwidths (angular, spectral, thermal) along these loci. Similarities as well as differences between biaxial and uniaxial crystals are emphasized. >