Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sedimentologic, Sequence Stratigraphic and Stable Isotopic Study of the Late Cambrian Conococheague Formation, Strasburg, VA

The Late Cambrian Conococheague Limestone near Strasburg, VA, records passive continental margin sedimentation in subtidal, peritidal and supratidal depositional environments. Various short-term cycles, recording rapid sea level changes, are preserved in the outcrop, while the overall increase in sand content of the carbonate sediments upwards in the progression provides evidence for long-term sea level regression (Koerschner and Read, 1998). A general negative-trending δC excursion from +0.7 to -2.7‰ is recorded within the outcrop. High-resolution sampling from the lower stratigraphic section provides a constraint on combined natural and diagenetic variations across the carbonate platform. Based on lithologic, tectonic and temporal similarities, the excursion is most likely equivalent to a Sunwaptan-aged (500-495 Ma) (Palmer, 1998) negative δC anomaly, called the HERB event, identified in Australia, Newfoundland, and western North America (Ripperdan et al., 1992; Ripperdan et al., 2002). The C isotope excursion and sea level regression occur during a period of rapid trilobite diversification, further linking strong environmental change with biological evolution. The Sr isotope composition of well-preserved limestone from the sampled outcrop suggests depositional Sr/Sr of near 0.70917, which correlates with known Late Cambrian trends to an age of ~500 Ma (Montañez et al., 2000; Ripperdan et al., 1992; Ripperdan, 2002; Saltzman et al., 1998; Ebneth et al., 2001). Sulfur isotopic analyses of structurally bound sulfate in carbonates reveal S enrichments of up to +34‰, which match other Late Cambrian bedded sulfates (Claypool et al., 1980) and carbonate associated trace sulfate (Strauss et al., 1997) recording the highest known δS values for the Phanerozoic. Causes of the carbon and sulfur isotope excursions in the Late Cambrian Conococheague Formation and equivalents worldwide are controversial. If primary, these biogeochemical anomalies may be the result of the sudden loss of global oceanic primary productivity (Hoffman et al., 1998), widespread anoxia, and/or rapid deposition of carbonate (Varni, 2002). Given the warm global climate and high sea level, the concentration of continents at lowto mid-latitudes prior to the carbon isotope excursion likely facilitated a change in ocean circulation, which lead to a decrease in oxygen content (Knoll et al., 1996). The coupled anomalies are possibly due to water column bacterial sulfate reduction, which over time would result in C depletion in oceanic alkalinity and S enrichment in residual seawater sulfate.
Mergers and Acquisitions in Brazilian Higher Education Companies: Effect on Share Value

Purpose: The objective of this study is to detect and measure the occurrence of extraordinary returns to the shareholders of private higher education companies, listed on the Brazilian stock market, B3, when mergers and acquisitions occur. Methods: This study uses the Event Study technique on process data from 46 merger and acquisition events, that occurred in the period of 20072015, involving the three main Brazilian private higher education companies, and applies the Z-statistic to test the accumulated standard abnormal returns. Results: Based on the results, it is possible to affirm that the presence of abnormal returns was not detected after merger and acquisition events. Events of this nature do not promote changes in the short-term value of the company, in the cases of large and publicly traded Brazilian private higher education companies. Implications: The announcement of a merger or acquisition process has wide repercussions in the media and attracts the attention of investors that aims to gain abnormal earnings from anticipated post-merger value creation. This study showed that the potential gain in value does not always occur or is reflected in the stock prices of the companies involved, in the short term.
Comparison of Two Levels of Mesh Fixation to the Anterior Vaginal Wall During Sacrocolpopexy

Background: Vaginal surgery was the traditional way to manage uterovaginal prolapse. However, it has a high rate of recurrence. Objectives: this study aimed to compare the outcomes of abdominal hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy using short and long vaginal mesh arms in women with uterovaginal prolapse. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women with uterovaginal prolapse. The study included 185 patients. The patients were divided into two groups. Each patient underwent abdominal hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy. Sacrocolpopexy was done using a Y-shaped polypropylene mesh. The posterior arm was fixed to the posterior vaginal wall down to the level of the levatorani. The anterior arm was fixed to the anterior vaginal wall to a variable distance of 2 to 3 cm in the short arms group or down to the trigone in the long arms group. Results: The use of long arms mesh was associated with significantly lower rate of recurrence. Eighty percent of recurrence occurs in the short arm group. In comparison, 20% of recurrence occurs in the long arm group. There was no repeat surgery in the long arms group compared with 4% in the short arms group. Conclusion: In women with uterovaginal prolapse, abdominal hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy using long vaginal mesh arms appears to result in a lower rate of recurrence compared to abdominal hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy using short
Exploring the Stellar Rotation of Early-type Stars in the LAMOST Medium-resolution Survey. I. Catalog

We derive stellar parameters and abundances (“stellar labels”) of 40,034 late-B and A-type main-sequence stars extracted from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope Medium Resolution Survey (LAMOST–MRS). The primary selection of our early-type sample was obtained from LAMOST Data Release 7 based on spectral-line indices. We employed the Stellar Label Machine to derive their spectroscopic stellar parameters, drawing on Kurucz spectral synthesis models with 6000 < T eff < 15,000 K and −1 < [M/H] < 1 dex. For a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼60, the cross validated scatter is ∼75 K, 0.06 dex, 0.05 dex, and ∼3.5 km s−1 for T eff, logg , [M/H], and vsini , respectively. A comparison with objects with prior known stellar labels shows great consistency for all stellar parameters, except for logg . Although this is an intrinsic caveat that comes from the MRS’s narrow wavelength coverage, it only has a minor effect on estimates of the stellar rotation rates because of the decent spectral resolution and the profile-fitting method employed. The masses and ages of our early-type sample stars were inferred from nonrotating stellar evolution models. This paves the way for reviewing the properties of stellar rotation distributions as a function of stellar mass and age.
EMOPIA: A Multi-Modal Pop Piano Dataset For Emotion Recognition and Emotion-based Music Generation

While there are many music datasets with emotion labels in the literature, they cannot be used for research on symbolic-domain music analysis or generation, as there are usually audio files only. In this paper, we present the EMOPIA (pronounced `yee-mo-pi-uh') dataset, a shared multi-modal (audio and MIDI) database focusing on perceived emotion in pop piano music, to facilitate research on various tasks related to music emotion. The dataset contains 1,087 music clips from 387 songs and clip-level emotion labels annotated by four dedicated annotators. Since the clips are not restricted to one clip per song, they can also be used for song-level analysis. We present the methodology for building the dataset, covering the song list curation, clip selection, and emotion annotation processes. Moreover, we prototype use cases on clip-level music emotion classification and emotion-based symbolic music generation by training and evaluating corresponding models using the dataset. The result demonstrates the potential of EMOPIA for being used in future exploration on piano emotion-related MIR tasks.
Risk Adversarial Learning System for Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Charging

In this article, the design of a rational decision support system (RDSS) for a connected and autonomous vehicle charging infrastructure (CAV-CI) is studied. In the considered CAV-CI, the distribution system operator (DSO) deploys electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) to provide an electrical vehicle (EV) charging facility for human-driven connected vehicles (CVs) and AVs. The charging request by the human-driven EV becomes irrational when it demands more energy and charging period than its actual need. Therefore, the scheduling policy of each EVSE must be adaptively accumulated the irrational charging request to satisfy the charging demand of both CVs and autonomous vehicles (AVs). To tackle this, we formulate an RDSS problem for the DSO, where the objective is to maximize the charging capacity utilization by satisfying the laxity risk of the DSO. Thus, we devise a rational reward maximization problem to adapt the irrational behavior by CVs in a data-informed manner. We propose a novel risk adversarial multiagent learning system (RAMALS) for CAV-CI to solve the formulated RDSS problem. In RAMALS, the DSO acts as a centralized risk adversarial agent (RAA) for informing the laxity risk to each EVSE. Subsequently, each EVSE plays the role of a self-learner agent to adaptively schedule its own EV sessions by coping advice from RAA. The experiment results show that the proposed RAMALS affords around 46.6% improvement in charging rate, about 28.6% improvement in the EVSE’s active charging time, and at least 33.3% more energy utilization, as compared to a currently deployed ACN EVSE system, and other baselines.
Reducing Linear Hadwiger's Conjecture to Coloring Small Graphs

In 1943, Hadwiger conjectured that every graph with no $K_t$ minor is $(t-1)$-colorable for every $t\ge 1$. In the 1980s, Kostochka and Thomason independently proved that every graph with no $K_t$ minor has average degree $O(t\sqrt{\log t})$ and hence is $O(t\sqrt{\log t})$-colorable. Recently, Norin, Song and the second author showed that every graph with no $K_t$ minor is $O(t(\log t)^{\beta})$-colorable for every $\beta>1/4$, making the first improvement on the order of magnitude of the $O(t\sqrt{\log t})$ bound. The first main result of this paper is that every graph with no $K_t$ minor is $O(t\log\log t)$-colorable. This is a corollary of our main technical result that the chromatic number of a $K_t$-minor-free graph is bounded by $O(t(1+f(G,t)))$ where $f(G,t)$ is the maximum of $\frac{\chi(H)}{a}$ over all $a\ge \frac{t}{\sqrt{\log t}}$ and $K_a$-minor-free subgraphs $H$ of $G$ that are small (i.e. $O(a\log^4 a)$ vertices). This has a number of interesting corollaries. First as mentioned, using the current best-known bounds on coloring small $K_t$-minor-free graphs, we show that $K_t$-minor-free graphs are $O(t\log\log t)$-colorable. Second, it shows that proving Linear Hadwiger's Conjecture (that $K_t$-minor-free graphs are $O(t)$-colorable) reduces to proving it for small graphs. Third, we prove that $K_t$-minor-free graphs with clique number at most $\sqrt{\log t}/ (\log \log t)^2$ are $O(t)$-colorable. This implies our final corollary that Linear Hadwiger's Conjecture holds for $K_r$-free graphs for every fixed $r$. One key to proving the main theorem is a new standalone result that every $K_t$-minor-free graph of average degree $d=\Omega(t)$ has a subgraph on $O(t \log^3 t)$ vertices with average degree $\Omega(d)$.
Optimal Management of the Peak Power Penalty for Smart Grids Using MPC-based Reinforcement Learning

The cost of the power distribution infrastructures is driven by the peak power encountered in the system. Therefore, the distribution network operators consider billing consumers behind a common transformer in the function of their peak demand and leave it to the consumers to manage their collective costs. This management problem is, however, not trivial. In this paper, we consider a multi-agent residential smart grid system, where each agent has local renewable energy production and energy storage, and all agents are connected to a local transformer. The objective is to develop an optimal policy that minimizes the economic cost consisting of both the spot-market cost for each consumer and their collective peak-power cost. We propose to use a parametric Model Predictive Control (MPC)-scheme to approximate the optimal policy. The optimality of this policy is limited by its finite horizon and inaccurate forecasts of the local power production-consumption. A Deterministic Policy Gradient (DPG) method is deployed to adjust the MPC parameters and improve the policy. Our simulations show that the proposed MPC-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) method can effectively decrease the long-term economic cost for this smart grid problem.
Random Lipschitz–Killing curvatures: Reduction Principles, Integration by Parts and Wiener chaos

In this survey we collect some recent results regarding the Lipschitz–Killing curvatures (LKCs) of the excursion sets of random eigenfunctions on the two-dimensional standard flat torus (arithmetic random waves) and on the two-dimensional unit sphere (random spherical harmonics). In particular, the aim of the present survey is to highlight the key role of integration by parts formulae in order to have an extremely neat expression for the random LKCs. Indeed, the main tool to study local geometric functionals of random waves on manifold is to exploit their Wiener chaos decomposition and show that (often), in the so-called high-energy limit, a single chaotic component dominates their behavior. Moreover, reduction principles show that the dominant Wiener chaotic component of LKCs of random waves’ excursion sets at threshold level u ≠ 0 u\ne 0 is proportional to the integral of H 2 ( f ) H_2(f) , f f being the random field of interest and H 2 H_2 the second Hermite polynomial. This will be shown via integration by parts formulae.
fauci-email: a json digest of Anthony Fauci's released emails

A collection of over 3000 pages of emails sent by Anthony Fauci and his staff were released in an effort to understand the United States government response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we describe how the original PDF document of emails was translated into a resource consisting of json files that make many future studies easy. We include examples for how to convert this email information into a network, a hypergraph, a temporal sequence, and a tensor for subsequent analysis, and discuss use cases and benefits in analyzing the data in these different derived formats. These resources are broadly useful for future research and pedagogical uses in terms of human and system behavioral interactions.
Locally equivalent quasifree states and index theory

We consider quasifree ground states of Araki’s self-dual canonical anti-commutation relation algebra from the viewpoint of index theory and symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases. We first review how Clifford module indices characterise a topological obstruction to connect pairs of symmetric gapped ground states. This construction is then generalised to give invariants in KO*(Ar) with A a C*,r -algebra of allowed deformations. When A = C*(X), the Roe algebra of a coarse space X, and we restrict to gapped ground states that are locally equivalent with respect X, a K-homology class is also constructed. The coarse assembly map relates these two classes and clarifies the relevance of K-homology to free-fermionic SPT phases.
Do banks have right incentives to finance

We present a model of bank credit in which the risk profile of a project affects a bank’s lending decision and the loan’s interest rate. Entrepreneurs seek to finance risky and safe projects by borrowing from a monopolistic bank, or entrepreneurs can obtain financing from sophisticated investors. Good risky projects advance while bad risky projects default. The bank cannot observe the type of the borrower, but decides whether to lend and at what interest rate. Three possible equilibria can emerge: (i) no loans are made, and interest rates are so high all types default; (ii) interest rates extract full surplus from good risky projects, and all other types default; (iii) interest rates extract full surplus from safe projects, and only bad risky projects default. When considering the resulting comparative statics in the context of innovation, our results imply that good innovative projects might be abandoned due to adverse selection issues in bank financing.
ON TRACE SETS OF RESTRICTED CONTINUED FRACTION SEMIGROUPS

We record an argument due to Jean Bourgain which gives lower bounds on the size of the trace sets of certain semigroups related to continued fractions on finite alphabets. These bounds are motivated by the “Classical Arithmetic Chaos” Conjecture of McMullen [McM12]. Specifically, a power is gained in the asymptotic size of the trace set over a “trivial” exponent. The proof involves a new application of the Balog-Szemerédi-Gowers Lemma from additive combinatorics.
A Survey on Function Spaces of John–Nirenberg Type

In this systematic review, the authors give a survey on the recent developments of both the John–Nirenberg space JNp and the space BMO as well as their vanishing subspaces such as VMO, XMO, CMO, VJNp, and CJNp on Rn or a given cube Q0⊂Rn with finite side length. In addition, some related open questions are also presented.
The Diagnostics and Treatment of Acute Mediastinitis – Single Institute Experiences

Introduction: Acute mediastinitis is diffuse purulent inflammation which is spread in mediastinal connective tissue. It is caused by polymicrobial infection. Most frequently it originates by descendent spreading of odontogenic or peritonsillar infection or by contamination from perforated oesophagus. Materials and Methods: We treated 54 patients diagnosed with acute mediastinitis between 1.1. 2007 and 31.12. 2018. In this array were 36 men and 18 women. We followed ethiology and length of anamnesis, microbial specter, way of treatment and its results. Results: Descendent spreading from the neck was the cause of acute mediastinitis in 61% of patients. 32% of patients suffered from mediastinitis after perforation of the oesophagus. We did not clarify the origin of acute mediastinitis in 7% of patients. Length of anamnesis was between 0 and 14 days. Microbial specter was constituted from G+ bacteria in 57%, in 32% from G-respectively and the yeast-cells in 11%. Each patient underwent 3 surgical operations on average. Deep neck spaces drainage was performed in 18 cases, in 26 cases was performed collar mediastinotomy. Six patients underwent isolated chest drainage. We performed thoracotomy in 18 patients, thoracophrenolaparotomy in 5 patients. Inpatient treatment took 34 days on average. 15% of the patients died due to acute mediastinitis. Conclusion: Despite modern diagnostic methods and early surgical treatment is acute mediastinitis still a life-threatening disease. Early diagnosis of acute mediastinitis is necessary for successful treatment. Surgical treatment must be aggressive and extensive. The treatment is performed in cooperation of surgery and intensive care.
Bats diversity and abundance, record of Taphozous mauritianus E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1818 for the first time in Burkina Faso

Bats were sampled in five localities in Burkina Faso using mist nets from August to November 2018. This study was carried out by carrying out captures and handling in order to know the species present, their number, their sex, their reproductive status, and their age group. In total, 341 bats of eight species were captured representing 15.68% of bats species known to occur in Burkina Faso. Mauritian Tomb Bat, Taphozous mauritianus E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1818 is reported for the first time in Burkina Faso and represented by two individuals raising the total species for the country to 52. Bats species richness and abundance were highest at Bobo Dioulasso. Future large-scale studies in time and space could make it possible to fully appreciate the evolution of bats biodiversity in Burkina Faso, especially in the context of climate change.
Quantization of Open strings in time dependent Black Holes

Dáfni F. Z. Marchioro, Daniel L. Nedel Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana Avenida Tancredo Neves 6731, Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil Abstract In this letter, the open string is quantized in a time dependent black hole background. The geometry is defined through an adiabatic approximation of the Vaydia metric. The worldsheet two-point function is derived and it is shown to have the same type of singularity as the flat space one. However, the equal times two-point function depends on the particular Cauchy surface where the worldsheet fields are defined. Finite temperature effects are incorporated through the Liouville-von Neumann approach to non equilibrium thermodynamics.
Exploring the Stellar Rotation of Early-type Stars in the LAMOST Medium-resolution Survey. II. Statistics

Angular momentum is a key property regulating star formation and evolution. However, the physics driving the distribution of the stellar rotation rates of early-type main-sequence stars is as yet poorly understood. Using our catalog of 40,034 early-type stars with homogeneous vsini parameters, we review the statistical properties of their stellar rotation rates. We discuss the importance of possible contaminants, including binaries and chemically peculiar stars. Upon correction for projection effects and rectification of the error distribution, we derive the distributions of our sample’s equatorial rotation velocities, which show a clear dependence on stellar mass. Stars with masses less than 2.5 M ⊙ exhibit a unimodal distribution, with the peak velocity ratio increasing as stellar mass increases. A bimodal rotation distribution, composed of two branches of slowly and rapidly rotating stars, emerges for more massive stars (M > 2.5 M ⊙). For stars more massive than 3.0 M ⊙, the gap between the bifurcated branches becomes prominent. For the first time, we find that metal-poor ([M/H] < −0.2 dex) stars only exhibit a single branch of slow rotators, while metal-rich ([M/H] > 0.2 dex) stars clearly show two branches. The difference could be attributed to unexpectedly high spin-down rates and/or in part strong magnetic fields in the metal-poor subsample.
Robust Compressed Sensing MRI with Deep Generative Priors

The CSGM framework (Bora-Jalal-Price-Dimakis'17) has shown that deep generative priors can be powerful tools for solving inverse problems. However, to date this framework has been empirically successful only on certain datasets (for example, human faces and MNIST digits), and it is known to perform poorly on out-of-distribution samples. In this paper, we present the first successful application of the CSGM framework on clinical MRI data. We train a generative prior on brain scans from the fastMRI dataset, and show that posterior sampling via Langevin dynamics achieves high quality reconstructions. Furthermore, our experiments and theory show that posterior sampling is robust to changes in the ground-truth distribution and measurement process. Our code and models are available at: \url{https://github.com/utcsilab/csgm-mri-langevin}.