Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Impact of Land Use Change on Tidal Flood in Kendari City

This study used a survey method and plot trial method. The biophysical data of land consisted of land use, climate, topography, and land quality. The hydrological data of land comprised erosion, sedimentation, run-off, and run-off coefficient. The hydrological data of watershed (DAS) included the ratio of the maximum and minimum discharge. The objectives of the study were: 1) to analyze the impact of land use changes in the Wanggu watershed on the decrease in the forested area, land quality and the hydrological condition of the watershed; 2) to find out agro-technology applied by farmers in the upstream part of the Wanggu watershed and drainage system in the city of Kendari; and 3) to formulate land use to prevent floods in the city of Kendari. The research was conducted from January 2014 to July 2014. The results of this study showed that: 1) there was a decrease in the forested area by 10,908.7 ha (24.0%) of the watershed, so that the remaining forested area was 19.1 30, indicating that the Wanggu watershed was in a critical condition; 5) the implementation of agro-technology by farmers was not in accordance with the ability and suitability of the land; 6) the technology of soil and water conservation was not implemented by farmers as shown by the farm erosion by 48.3 tons / ha / yr > TSL 16.7 tons / ha / yr and residential area by 26.0 tons / ha / yr > TSL 9.1 tonnes / ha / yr, leading to land degradation; 7) the rob flood in the city of Kendari was as high as 2-5 m for 3-6 days due to 24.4% decrease in the forest area of the Wanggu watershed and land degradation affecting the hydrological condition of the Wanggu watershed, residential wastes, drainage systems and poor environmental sanitation, the loss of marshes in Kendari bay area, high rainfall of 2.7391 mm / yr and high tide levels exceeding highway; 8) the study tried to formulate flood prevention in the city of Kendari with land use of a minimum forest size of 30% (13,613.3 ha) and agroforesty 37.3% (16,938.3 ha); 9) there was an efforts to apply the technology of agronomic and vegetative soil conservation; 10) there was an increase in the quantity and quality of the drainage system in the city of Kendari of the Wanggu watershed.
In vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of methanolic extract of Bidens pilosa and identification of active compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, is a significant but neglected tropical public health issue in Latin America due to the diversity of its genotypes and pathogenic profiles. This complexity is compounded by the adverse effects of current treatments, underscoring the need for new therapeutic options that employ medicinal plant extracts without negative side effects. Our research aimed to evaluate the trypanocidal activity of Bidens pilosa fractions against epimastigote and trypomastigote stages of T. cruzi, specifically targeting the Brener and Nuevo León strains—the latter isolated from Triatoma gerstaeckeri in General Terán, Nuevo León, México. We processed the plant’s aerial parts (stems, leaves, and flowers) to obtain a methanolic extract (Bp-mOH) and fractions with varying solvent polarities. These preparations inhibited more than 90% of growth at concentrations as low as 800 μg/ml for both parasite stages. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values for the Bp-mOH extract and its fractions were below 500 μg/ml. Tests for cytotoxicity using Artemia salina and Vero cells and hemolytic activity assays for the extract and its fractions yielded negative results. The methanol fraction (BPFC3MOH1) exhibited superior inhibitory activity. Its functional groups, identified as phenols, enols, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and proteins, include compounds such as 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde (50.9%), pentadecyl prop-2-enoate (22.1%), and linalool (15.4%). Eight compounds were identified, with a match confirmed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST-MS) software through mass spectrometry analysis.
Population-Specific Distribution of TPMT Deficiency Variants and Ancestry Proportions in Ecuadorian Ethnic Groups: Towards Personalized Medicine

Purpose Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is an enzyme that metabolizes purine analogs, agents used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Improper drug metabolism leads to toxicity in chemotherapy patients and reduces treatment effectiveness. TPMT variants associated with reduced enzymatic activity vary across populations. Therefore, studying these variants in heterogeneous populations, such as Ecuadorians, can help identify molecular causes of deficiency for this enzyme. Methods We sequenced the entire TPMT coding region in 550 Ecuadorian individuals from Afro-Ecuadorian, Indigenous, Mestizo, and Montubio ethnicities. Moreover, we conducted an ancestry analysis using 46 informative ancestry markers. Results We identified 8 single nucleotide variants in the coding region of TPMT. The most prevalent alleles were TPMT*3A, TPMT*3B, and TPMT*3C, with frequencies of 0.055, 0.012, and 0.015, respectively. Additionally, we found rare alleles TPMT*4 and TPMT*8 with frequencies of 0.005 and 0.003. Correlating the ancestry proportions with TPMT-deficient genotypes, we observed that the Native American ancestry proportion influenced the distribution of the TPMT*1/TPMT*3A genotype (OR = 5.977, p = 0.002), while the contribution of African ancestral populations was associated with the TPMT*1/TPMT*3C genotype (OR = 9.769, p = 0.003). The rates of TPMT-deficient genotypes observed in Mestizo (f = 0.121) and Indigenous (f = 0.273) groups provide evidence for the influence of Native American ancestry and the prevalence of the TPMT*3A allele. In contrast, although Afro-Ecuadorian groups demonstrate similar deficiency rates (f = 0.160), the genetic factors involved are associated with contributions from African ancestral populations, specifically the prevalent TPMT*3C allele. Conclusion The distribution of TPMT-deficient variants offers valuable insights into the populations under study, underscoring the necessity for genetic screening strategies to prevent thiopurine toxicity events among Latin American minority groups.
Characteristics of Preoperative Acute Myocardial Infarction in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients and Construction of a Clinical Prediction Model: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background The prognosis of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is poor, and this study aimed to investigate the characteristics and predictors of preoperative AMI in elderly hip fracture patients and to propose a valid clinical prediction model. Methods We collected clinical data of older hip fracture patients from January 2019 to December 2020. The data collected include demographic and clinical characteristics, underlying diseases and laboratory results. In AMI patients, we further collected type of myocardial infarctions, clinical symptoms, electrocardiogram (ECG), Killip class and diagnosis method. The prediction model was constructed by using Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses. In addition, the constructed prediction model was transformed into a nomogram. The performance of the model was evaluated using the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Bootstrapping was used for validation. Results There are 40 (4.2%) cases developed AMI in all 958 patients. There were 685 (71.5%) female patients and 273 (28.5%) male patients. Among 40 AMI patients, 38 (95.0%) had Type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) and 2 (5.0%) had Type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI). The majority of these ECG were ST segment depression (57.5%). Most elderly AMI patients (67.5%) presented asymptomatic. Predictors for preoperative AMI were higher age (OR 2.386, 95% CI 1.126–5.057), diabetes (OR 5.863, 95% CI 2.851–12.058), Hb≤100 g/L (OR 3.976, 95% CI 1.478–10.695), CRP≥40 mg/L (OR 6.998, 95% CI 2.875–17.033), and ALB≤35 g/L (OR 2.166, 95% CI 1.049–4.471). Good discrimination and calibration effect of the model was showed. Interval validation could still achieve the C-index value of 0.771. DCA demonstrated this nomogram has good clinical utility. Conclusion This model has a good predictive effect on preoperative AMI in elderly patients with hip fracture, which can help to better plan clinical evaluation.
Adherence to Lifestyle Modification Practices and Its Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients in Bahir Dar City Hospitals, North West Ethiopia

Background Globally, hypertension affects 1.4 billion adults, accounting for 31% of the world population. The prevention and control of hypertension is not addressed only by pharmacological management. Even though the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and its complications is increasing every day, Adherence to lifestyle modification practice among diagnosed hypertensive individuals is low for a number of reasons. The study aims to assess adherence to lifestyle modification practices and associated factors among hypertensive patients at Bahir Dar city hospitals, in North West Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted at Bahir Dar city from October 30 to November 30, 2022. A stratified sampling technique was used. For the data quality pre-test was done, the questionnaire was checked for completion, the assumption of binary logistic regression (VIF 1.8 and no outlier), and model fit using the Hosmer and Lemeshow’s test was checked. Binary logistic and multivariate logistic regression were used to find significant variables after the data were entered into EpiInfo and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results The overall adherence to lifestyle modification practices was about 32.4%. From the independent factors, above secondary educational status (AOR = 0.201 95% CI (0.081–0.499)), good knowledge (AOR = 3.323 95% CI (1.79–6.168)), good self-efficacy (AOR = 3.553 95% CI (1.91–6.613)), good social support (AOR = 8.339 95% CI (4.251–16.357)), and good patient–physician relationship (AOR = 2.424 95% CI (1.309–4.490)) were statistically significant predictors of adherence to lifestyle modification practices. Conclusion Only one-third of the participants had adhered to the recommended lifestyle modifications. Educational status, knowledge, self-efficacy, social support, and patient–physician relationships were significant factors. Healthcare organizations should develop programs to raise hypertension patients’ awareness and degree of self-efficacy that aid in adherence to advised lifestyle changes.
Update on the risk factors for opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand

This study aimed to identify the recent risk factors for Opisthorchis viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) to improve disease prevention. The participants were divided into the following 3 groups based on their health status: healthy control (nonOV and nonCCA), those with O. viverrini infection (OV), and those with CCA. A questionnaire was used to explore their lifestyle and behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression and backward elimination were used to identify the significant risk factors. The results showed that the significant risk factors for both O. viverrini infection and CCA were age>50 years (odd ratio (OR)=8.44, P<0.001, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.98–23.90 and OR=43.47, P=0.001, 95% CI 14.71–128.45, respectively) and raw fish consumption (OR=8.48, P< 0.001, 95% CI 3.18–22.63 and OR=3.15, P=0.048, 95% CI 1.01–9.86, respectively). A history of O. viverrini infection was identified as an additional risk factor for CCA (OR=20.93, P=0.011, 95% CI 2.04–215.10). This study provided an update on the risk factors for O. viverrini infection and CCA. Asymptomatic patients with O. viverrini infection, particularly those>50 years old, should be carefully monitored to prevent CCA.
Molnupiravir maintains antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants and exhibits a high barrier to the development of resistance

ABSTRACT Molnupiravir, an oral prodrug of N-hydroxycytidine (NHC), previously demonstrated broad in vitro antiviral activity against multiple RNA viruses and has shown a high barrier to the development of resistance. Here, we present the antiviral activity of NHC against recent SARS-CoV-2 variants and the results of resistance selection studies to better understand the potential for viral resistance to NHC. NHC activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants omicron (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.4, BA.4.6, BA.5, BQ.1.1, XBB.1, and XBB.1.5), alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), gamma (P.1), delta (B.1.617.2), lambda (C.37), and mu (B.1.621) was evaluated in Vero E6 cells using cytopathic effect assays. Resistance selection studies were performed by passaging SARS-CoV-2 (WA1) in the presence of NHC or a 3C-like protease inhibitor (MRK-A) in Vero E6 cells. Supernatants from cultures exhibiting a cytopathic effect score of ≥2 were re-passaged, and IC50 values were estimated. Whole-genome deep sequencing was performed on viral RNA isolated at each passage. NHC demonstrated similar potency against all SARS-CoV-2 variants evaluated. No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 phenotypic or genotypic resistance to NHC was observed following 30 passages. A random pattern of nucleotide changes was observed in NHC cultures, consistent with the drug’s mechanism of action. In contrast, resistance was readily selected in all three MRK-A control cultures with the selection of a T21I substitution in the 3C-like protease. In conclusion, molnupiravir maintains antiviral activity across all major SARS-CoV-2 variants. Furthermore, no evidence of viral resistance to NHC was observed, supporting previous reports that NHC has a high barrier to developing resistance.
Clinical Relevance of Sternal Foramina: A Morphometric Study.

Objectives The present study aimed at determining the incidence of sternal foramina in adult dry bones of North Indian descent. We also aimed to determine the number, precise location of the sternal foramina with a standard reference point which might have considerable importance with regard to procedures involving sternal puncture. Methods This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 72 dry adult human sternums. Various measurements in relation to the sternal foramina were taken with a non-stretchable measuring tape and digital vernier calliper and expressed as: [A]-total sternal length, [B]-distance between the jugular notches to the foramen, [C]-distance between the angle of Louis to the foramen and [D]-distance of the foramen from the mid sternal plane. Statistical analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel version 2019. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results We found 6.94% (5 out of 72 sternums) incidence of sternal foramina which corroborates well with the existing literature. Mean sternal length was 127.7 ± 09 mm. The mean distance of the foramina from suprasternal notch, sternal angle and from the median plane were 118.12 ± 0.3 mm, 116.7 mm and 2.4 mm respectively. Incidence of sternal foramina was almost similar to previously reported studies. Conclusions The precise knowledge about the expected location of sternal foramina is imperative to avoid intra-thoracic visceral injury during commonly performed acupuncture needle insertion and while doing bone marrow aspiration for diagnostic evaluation.
Functional Brain Changes Following Burn Injury: A Narrative Review

Background Burn injuries cause significant motor and sensory dysfunctions that can negatively impact burn survivors’ quality of life. The underlying mechanisms of these burn-induced dysfunctions have primarily been associated with damage to the peripheral neural architecture, however, evidence points to a systemic influence of burn injury. Central nervous system (CNS) reorganizations due to inflammation, afferent dysfunction, and pain could contribute to persistent motor and sensory dysfunction in burn survivors. Recent evidence shows that the capacity for neuroplasticity is associated with self-reported functional recovery in burn survivors. Objective This review first outlines motor and sensory dysfunctions following burn injury and critically examines recent literature investigating the mechanisms mediating CNS reorganization following burn injury. The review then provides recommendations for future research and interventions targeting the CNS such as non-invasive brain stimulation to improve functional recovery. Conclusions Directing focus to the CNS following burn injury, alongside the development of non-invasive methods to induce functionally beneficial neuroplasticity in the CNS, could advance treatments and transform clinical practice to improve quality of life in burn survivors.
Stratigraphy and geologic history of the Montana group and equivalent rocks, Montana, Wyoming, and North and South Dakota

During Late Cretaceous time a broad north-trending epicon­ tinental sea covered much of the western interior of North America and extended from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean. The sea was bounded on the west by a narrow, unstable, and constantly rising cordillera which extended from Central America to Alaska and which separated the sea from Pacific oceanic waters. The east margin of the sea was bounded by the low-lying stable platform of the central part of the United States. Rocks of the type Montana Group in Montana and equiva­ lent rocks in adjacent States, which consist of eastward-pointing wedges of shallow-water marine and nonmarine strata that enclose westward-pointing wedges of fine-grained marine strata, were deposited in and marginal to this sea. These rocks range in age from middle Santonian to early Maestrichtian and rep­ resent a time span of about 14 million years. Twenty-nine dis­ tinctive ammonite zones, each with a time span of about half a million years, characterize the marine strata. Persistent beds of bentonite in the transgressive part of the Claggett and Bearpaw Shales of Montana and equivalent rocks elsewhere represent periods of explosive volcanism and perhaps concurrent subsidence along the west shore in the vicinity of the Elkhorn Mountains and the Deer Creek volcanic fields in Mon­ tana. Seaward retreat of st randlines, marked by deposition of the Telegraph Creek, Eagle, Judith River, and Fox Hills For­ mations in Montana and the Mesaverde Formation in Wyo­ ming, may be attributed to uplift in near-coastal areas and to an increase in volcaniclastic rocks delivered to the sea. Rates of transgression and regression determined for the Montana Group in central Montana reveal that the strandline movement was more rapid during times of transgression. The regression of the Telegraph Creek and Eagle strandlines aver­ aged about 50 miles per million years compared with a rate of about 95 miles per million years for the advance of the strandline during Claggett time. The Judith River regression aver­ aged about 60 miles per million years compared with movement of the strandline during the Bearpaw advance of about 70 miles per million years. The final retreat of marine waters from Montana, marked by the Fox Hills regression, was about 35 miles per million years at first, but near the end of the regression it accelerated to a rate of about 500 miles per million years. Rates of sedimentation range from less than 50 feet per mil­ lion years in the eastern parts of North and South Dakota to at least 2,500 feet in western Wyoming. The low rates in the 'Deceased July 1972. Dakotas correspond well with modern rates in the open ocean, and the rates in western Wyoming approach the rate of present coastal sedimentation.
A ferroptosis‐related LncRNAs signature for predicting prognoses and screening potential therapeutic drugs in patients with lung adenocarcinoma: A retrospective study

Abstract Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has a high mortality rate. Ferroptosis is linked to tumor initiation and progression. Aims This study aims to develop prognostic models of ferroptosis‐related lncRNAs, evaluate the correlation between differentially expressed genes and tumor microenvironment, and identify prospective drugs for managing LUAD. Methods and Results In this study, transcriptomic and clinical data were downloaded from the TCGA database, and ferroptosis‐related genes were obtained from the FerrDb database. Through correlation analysis, Cox analysis, and the LASSO algorithm for constructing a prognostic model, we found that ferroptosis‐related lncRNA‐based gene signatures (FLncSig) had a strong prognostic predicting ability in the LUAD patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichments reconfirmed that ferroptosis is related to receptor‐ligand activity, enzyme inhibitor activity, and the IL‐17 signaling pathway. Next, tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithms, and pRRophetic were used to predict immunotherapy response and chemotherapy sensitivity. The IMvigor210 cohort was also used to validate the prognostic model. In the tumor microenvironment, Type_II_IFN_Response and HLA were found to be a group of low‐risk pathways, while MHC_class_I was a group of high‐risk pathways. Patients in the high‐risk subgroup had lower TIDE scores. Exclusion, MDSC, CAF, and TAMM2 were significantly and positively correlated with risk scores. In addition, we found 15 potential therapeutic drugs for LUAD. Finally, differential analysis of stemness index based on mRNA expression (mRNAsi) indicated that mRNAsi was correlated with gender, primary tumor (T), distant metastasis (M), and the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stage in LUAD patients. Conclusions In conclusion, the prognostic model based on FLncSig can alleviate the difficulty in predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy of LUAD patients. The identified FLncSig and the screened drugs exhibit potential for clinical application and provide references for the treatment of LUAD.
Bleeding in acute coronary syndrome: from definitions, incidence, and prognosis to prevention and management

ABSTRACT Introduction In patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the ischemic benefit of antithrombotic treatment is counterbalanced by the risk of bleeding. The recognition that bleeding events have prognostic implications (i.e. mortality) similar to recurrent ischemic events led to the development of treatment regimens aimed at balancing both ischemic and bleeding risks. Areas covered This review aims at describing definitions, incidence, and prognosis related to bleeding events in ACS patients as well as bleeding-avoidance strategies for their prevention and management of bleeding complications. Expert opinion Management of ACS patients has witnessed remarkable progress after the shift in focusing on the trade-off between ischemia and bleeding. Efforts in standardizing bleeding definitions will allow for better defining the prognostic impact of different types of bleeding events and enable to identify the high-bleeding risk patient. Such efforts will allow to balance the trade-off between the thrombotic and bleeding risk of the individual patient translating into better downward diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making. Novel strategies aiming at maximizing the safety and efficacy of antithrombotic regimens as well as the development of novel antithrombotic drugs and reversal agents and technological advances will allow for optimization of bleeding-avoidance strategies and management of bleeding complications.