Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broadband radio frequency plasma generation in a Penning–Malmberg trap

Plasma generation is observed in a cylindrical Penning–Malmberg trap in the ultra-high vacuum pressure regime for a large bandwidth of low-power radio frequency (RF) excitations. The process of plasma formation is investigated by measuring the density profiles and a simplified model is developed to characterize the electron heating mechanism. The total charge confined at equilibrium is systematically studied for RF drives in the 0.1–20 MHz range and with different geometrical configurations. With electron densities of some 106 cm−3 at least, the scheme represents an alternative source of non-neutral plasmas for Penning–Malmberg traps.
Metabolic signatures of muscle mass loss in an elderly Taiwanese population

To identify the association between metabolites and muscle mass in 305 elderly Taiwanese subjects, we conducted a multivariate analysis of 153 plasma samples. Based on appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) quartiles, female and male participants were divided into four groups. Quartile 4 (Men: 5.67±0.35, Women: 4.70±0.32 Kg/m2) and quartile 1 (Men: 7.60±0.29, Women: 6.56±0.53 Kg/m2) represented low muscle mass and control groups, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, except for physical function, we found that blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and age were associated with ASMI in men. However, only triglyceride level was related to ASMI in women. The multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze in each baseline characteristic and metabolite concentration. After the adjustment, we identify amino acid-related metabolites and show that glutamate levels in women and alpha-aminoadipate, Dopa, and citrulline/ornithine levels in men are gender-specific metabolic signatures of muscle mass loss.
Pyrite−Arsenopyrite Galvanic Interaction and Electrochemical Reactivity

Comparative voltammetric studies were performed between high purity pyrite mineral (98.86%) and arsenopyrite mineral (content of 85.96% arsenopyrite, FeAsS; 11.84% pyrite, FeS2; 0.98% galena, PbS; 0.06% chalcopyrite, CuFeS2) in order to analyze the galvanic effect on the electrochemical reactivity of two different mineralogical phases when these are associated in the same mineral, using carbon paste electrodes (CPE) in 0.1 M NaNO3 (pH 6.5) as electrolyte. Theoretical studies were performed for a more detailed analysis on the total energy and energy relative of a total optimization of the species involved in the pyrite and arsenopyrite oxidation as pure mineral. The results indicate that the electrochemical reactivity of pyrite in the arsenopyrite mineral was delayed and displaced to more positive potentials with respect to the high purity pyrite mineral electrochemical response, due to a galvanic effect. On the other hand, the voltammetric studies showed the oxidation stages of arsenopyrite mineral, indic.
Polyamine pathway is associated with muscle anabolic effects by androgen receptor ligand

Muscle wasting is a common condition concomitant with aging. Androgens significantly increase skeletal muscle mass, but the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in skeletal muscle is not well established. TEI‐SARM2, a novel selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), was developed as a pharmaceutical candidate for the treatment of muscle wasting diseases.
Crystal Structure of 3MgO·2CO2 Solved by Monte Carlo Simulation

The crystal structure of the intermediate phase (3MgO·2CO2) of synthetic nesquehonite (MgO·3H2O) following heat treatment was solved by Monte Carlo simulation using powder X-ray diffraction data and was confirmed by Rietveld refinement. The phase is cubic with space group I4¯3m and cell constants of a = 8.516(13) A. The unit cell consists of independent atoms such as magnesium, carbon, and two oxygen atoms. The magnesium atom is surrounded by six oxygen atoms in octahedral coordination, and four symmetrically identical MgO6 octahedra in a edge-sharing arrangement form an Mg4O17 block in the (100) planes of a unit cell. These Mg4O17 blocks share edges with other Mg4O17 blocks to form a framework structure. A CO3 triangle that exists on the three-fold axis connects three Mg4O17 blocks.
The Impact of Connective Tissue Diseases on the Inpatient Outcomes of Congestive Heart Failure Patients

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are autoimmune diseases with chronically elevated inflammatory activity. Treatments typically have been aimed at decreasing inflammation. While RA and SLE are known to have a high incidence of congestive heart failure (HF), the mechanism behind this remains elusive. We sought to assess the outcomes of HF patients with either RA or SLE as opposed to HF patients without RA or SLE. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Healthcare Utilization Project - National Inpatient Sample Database from 2010 to 2015 (third quarter). Patients with a primary admitting diagnosis of HF were queried, and those with or without a diagnosis of either SLE or RA were separated into two groups. In-hospital mortality, total charges (TOTCHG), and length of stay (LOS) were analyzed with a multivariate regression model adjusted for demographical and comorbidity variables, using generalized linear models with family binomial, gamma, and negative-binomial, respectively. A p-value smaller than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. All the statistical analyses were performed in R 3.5. 5 (R Core Team, 2013, http://www.R-project.org/). Results The in-hospital mortality (3.4% v/s 4.43%), mean TOTCHG ($46k v/s $51k), and mean LOS (5.79 v/s 6.12 days) were significantly lower in HF patients with RA/SLE when compared with HF patients without RA/SLE. A younger age (70.5 v/s 72.6 years) and a female preponderance (75% v/s 51%) were evident in the RA/SLE group. Both groups consistently showed a significant disparity in the rates of hospitalization, which was inversely related to household income. p-value was less than 0.001 for all the above outcomes. Conclusions RA/SLE patients are associated with better in-hospital outcomes of HF. The underlying mechanism is unclear in terms of this paradox. Given the fact that the majority of RA/SLE patients are treated with agents aimed at decreasing inflammation, this may shed light on the role of inflammation being an important contributor to HF and implicate a future therapeutic direction.
Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Pupuk Cair Dari Libah Tahu Berbantu Em-4 Terhadap Pertumbuhan Cabai Merah

This study aims to determine the effect of giving EM-4 to tofu liquid waste on the growth of red chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) and to determine how much influence the application of EM-4 to tofu wastewater on the growth of red chili plants. This type of research is a field experiment research using a quantitative descriptive approach to test the effect of EM-4 on tofu liquid waste on the growth of red chili plants. The research was conducted for two months. The results showed that descriptively there was an effect of giving EM-4 to tofu liquid waste on the growth of red chili plants, namely in the treatment of giving EM-4 to tofu liquid waste by 2% (V1) the average gave the highest yield on all parameters observed, among others, plant height 40.9 cm, stem diameter 0.46 cm, and the number of leaves 68 leaves. The magnitude of the effect of giving EM-4 to tofu liquid waste on the growth of red chili plants based on analysis of variance did not have a significant effect on plant height because the F value of the group (0.61) < Ftable (5.14) and the F value of the treatment (1.23) ) < Ftable (4.76) at a significant level of 5%. The stem diameter also did not have a significant effect because the value of the Fcount of the group (0.50) <F Tabel (5.14) and the F value of the treatment (3.05) < Ftable (4.76) was at a significant level of 5%. Likewise, the number of leaves did not have a significant effect because at a significant level of 5% the value of the Fcount of the group (1.11) < Ftable (5.14), and the value of Fcount of treatment (1.13) < Ftable (4.76). Keywords: EM-4, Tofu Liquid Waste, Growth, Red Chili.
The Effect of Tax Avoidance Crackdown on Corporate Innovation

Abstract To constrain the use of intangible assets in tax-motivated state income shifting, many U.S. state governments adopted addback statutes. Addback statutes reduce the tax benefits that firms can gain from creating intangible assets such as patents. Using a sample of U.S. public firms, we examine the effect of addback statutes on corporate innovation behavior. First, the adoption of addback statutes leads to a 4.77 percentage point decrease in the number of patents and a 5.12 percentage point decrease in the number of patent citations. Second, the “disappearing patents” resulting from addback statutes have significant economic value. Third, after a state adopts an addback statute, a firm with material subsidiaries in that state assigns fewer patents to subsidiaries in zero-tax states, whereas the number of patents assigned to the other states does not change. Overall, our findings suggest that addback statutes impede corporate innovation.
Hydrophobization and Photo-Stabilization of Radiata Pinewood: The Effect of the Esterification on Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Wood protection through chemical modification has received increasing interest over the last decades due to the environmental issues related to conventional biocides or protecting products. Consequently, a wide range of new treatments are developed in laboratories, which are later scaled up in the industrial environment. The main goal of modifying wood for indoor–outdoor application is to change its hydrophilic character, which in turn improves the intrinsic properties of the material and its durability against external factors. Wood can be esterified through its hydroxyl groups to obtain a hydrophobic and photo-stable material. Chemical modifications of Pinus radiata D. Don wood using hexanoyl chloride (P6), dodecanoyl chloride (P12), and stearoyl chloride (P18) were carried out at different concentrations. Esterification was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique combined with a discriminatory analysis. Weight percent gain was associated with the number of carbons of the aliphatic chain of the fatty acid (P6 > P12 > P18). Moreover, an increase of wood density as a consequence of modification treatments was observed. A substantial improvement of the hydrophobicity of wood was observed by dynamic contact angle measurements. In addition, the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on color changes was reduced with the treatments. Furthermore, the P6 treatment presented acceptable values of modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR), being suitable for similar mechanical uses as non-treated pinewood. However, only treatments P12 and P18 enhanced thermal resistance of the pinewood in an oxidative atmosphere.
Antibacterial activity and essential oil composition of Calendula arvensis L.

Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Calendula arvensis L. were investigated. The essential oil of aerial part was obtained through hydro-distillation using a Clevenger type apparatus with 0.38 (v/w) yield. The essential oil components were determined by GC-MS analyses. Thirty-six components were identified in the essential oil that represented 91.8 % of the oil. The major components of the essential oil were δ-cadinene (14.8 %), epi-cubebol (10.7 %), α-cadinol (8.5 %), cubenol (7.7 %), cubebol (7.2 %), 1-epi-cubenol (5.4 %) and ledene (5.1 %). Antibacterial activity of essential oil was observed against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 by using a broth microdilution. The essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against E. coli and B. cereus at 8 mg/mL. The oil didn‘t show any antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. These results revealed that the oil was rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes as well as had a weak antimicrobial activity. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: January 20, 2020 Revised: March 09, 2020 Accepted: August 09, 2020
The equilibrium of grains on the bed of a stream

A fluid flowing over a loose flat granular bed tends to move the grains forward, and the conditions under which movement begins depend, not only upon the speed, but also upon the nature of the motion in the stream itself: viscous steady motion, steady inviscid motion, and turbulent motion act somewhat differently, and the speed necessary to dislodge grains differs appreciably. Like any solid boundary, the loose granular bed exerts a drag upon the fluid, and the accompanying shear stress is transmitted from bed to fluid almost wholly by the more prominent grains in the uppermost layer. Each such grain transmits a small force, and the manner in which it does so, again depends upon the type of motion, though it is now the local motion which is concerned, rather than that of the main stream. Two extreme cases may be distinguished. At slow speeds and with small grains the pressure at the front of the grain does not appreciably exceed that at its rear, and the force applied is the resultant of viscous stresses acting tangentially as in figure 2. At high speeds and with large grains such tangential drag becomes relatively unimportant compared with the drag due to pressure differences: the pressure distribution is not symmetrical but is less over the downstream half of the grain, so that when integrated it gives rise to a resultant force or form drag whose component resists the motion. Both at low speeds and at high speeds, if the main stream be turbulent, the force applied to the grain fluctuates irregularly. In the low-speed case, if the main stream be steady, the force on the grain is also steady. In the highspeed case, whatever the state of the main stream, eddies are shed from the back of the grains, and grains farther downstream are at least subjected to the cumulative effect of the pulsations from upstream.
A novel distributed sensing method for support condition monitoring under concrete pavement

ABSTRACT Accurate monitoring of concrete pavement support condition is critical for pavement maintenance. This paper proposed a novel support condition monitoring method using distributed optical fiber sensing (DOFS) technology. The DOFS-based method can precisely monitor the support condition on a larger scale. Single-mode optical fiber with a particular rubber encapsulation was applied as a compression sensor, measuring the interfacial compression status between the concrete pavement slab and the pavement base through a compression-to-strain transfer mechanism. Finite element analysis (FEA) and laboratory experiments were conducted to compression-to-strain transfer mechanism. It was revealed that the average compression-to-strain transfer efficiency reached over 1900 μϵ/mm. The design parameters of the compression sensor were also provided based on the FEA and experiment results. A quasi-distributed sensing system was developed to capture the two-dimensional support condition by connecting the sensors in a particular path. The sensing system's effectiveness was demonstrated by conducting full-scale tests and using the pressure-sensitive film (PSF) as a comparison. The test results showed a great deal of applicability for support condition monitoring under concrete pavement.
The Endowment Effect and Beliefs About the Market

The endowment effect occurs when people assign a higher value to an item they own than to the same item when they do not own it, and this effect is often taken to reflect an ownership-induced change in the intrinsic value people assign to the object. However recent evidence shows that valuations made by buyers and sellers are influenced by market prices provided for the individual products, suggesting a role for beliefs about the markets. Here we elicit individuals’ beliefs about whole distributions of market prices, enabling us to quantify whether or not a given transaction constitutes a “good deal” and to demonstrate how an endowment effect may reflect such considerations. In a meta-analysis and three laboratory experiments, we show for the first time that ownership has no effect on beliefs about either: (a) the quality of the item or (b) the appropriate market price for the item. Instead, we show that sellers demand a price for the item that matches their beliefs about the item’s relative quality and the distribution of market prices in the market. Buyers, in contrast, offer less than what they believe the appropriate market price is. Thus, we argue that the endowment effect may largely reflect “adaptively rational” behavior on the part of both buyers and sellers (given their beliefs about relevant markets) rather than any ownership-induced bias or change in intrinsic preferences.
Transition of polyimide/α-Fe2O3 to polyimide/Fe3O4 nanocomposite films by adjusting thermal treatment surroundings of ion-doped substrates

α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been formed on a flexible polyimide (PI) substrate via an ion-exchange and in situ oxidation process in air, which involved doping the ferrous (Fe2+) ions into modified layers of PI films and a subsequent thermal treatment converted Fe2+ into α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles would migrate and aggregate compactly onto the surfaces, and thus form continuous layers with semi-conductivity. The phase transition of α-Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 nanolayers occurred when the PI/α-Fe2O3 composite films were heated under a continuous hydrogen/nitrogen gas flow. The effects of the thermal treatment conditions on the oxidation behaviors of Fe2+ and the micro-structures of α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanolayers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The phase transition of α-Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 was confirmed by XRD and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) measurements showed that the PI/α-Fe2O3 and PI/Fe3O4 composite films presented antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism respectively. Both composite films maintained the excellent thermal stability and flexibility of the pure PI films.
The effect of chain correlations on the size of polymer coils in binary polymer blends

In order to study the size of the chains in binary polymer blends we determine the mean‐square end‐to‐end distance of the polymer coils of the A or B kind. Chains A and B interact generating the one‐loop diagrams, which are summed up to all orders of concentration and interaction. Interactions that do not favor mixing are found to reduce the size of the macromolecules producing a deviation from the unperturbed dimensions of the order of 1/√N. The effect is stronger on chains of the smaller concentration whereas chains of large concentration and of large molecular weight, N→∞, tend to reach an ideal Gaussian behavior. Chains A are found to be more contracted when chains B are small acting as a bad solvent. As the system comes close to the phase separation limit, chains shrink obtaining a smaller size on the spinodal, where a second‐order phase transition is found. Our results are in accord with relevant SANS small angle neutron scattering and Monte Carlo experiments.
Localized Kerr study of the magnetic properties of an ultrathin epitaxial Co wedge grown on Pt(111)

We have used the magneto‐optical Kerr effect to study the thickness dependence of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, coercivity, nucleation field and remanence in an ultrathin Co wedge (0–9 monolayers) grown epitaxially on Pt(111) and capped by a thin Pt overlayer. In addition, the spin‐reversal mechanism in the Co layers has been investigated using Kerr domain imaging. The sample showed perpendicular magnetization up to an extrapolated Co thickness of 15 monolayers (ML), with derived volume and interface anisotropy constants of −0.77 MJ/m3 and 1.15 mJ/m2, respectively. The Kerr rotation and Kerr ellipticity demonstrated linear dependences on the Co thickness (tCo), with sizeable extrapolated offsets at tCo=0, attributed to polarization of the Pt by the Co. The coercivity (Hc) and nucleation field both rose to peak values at tCo=1.5 ML, with a subsequent monotonic fall‐off for higher Co thicknesses. In the case of Hc, this fall‐off did not demonstrate the tCo−5/2 dependence shown by a similar Pd(111)/.
Identification of the key investment project management factors in the housing construction sector in Poland

Abstract The aim of this paper is to distinguish a number of factors that allow for a better understanding of investment process management in the housing construction industry. The research work that we performed consisted in conducting a questionnaire survey. A total of 192 Polish companies dealing with housing construction took part in the survey. The collected questionnaire responses were then subjected to a thorough analysis and interpretation, with the use of a method called exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In a nutshell, our analysis consisted in reducing the number of survey variables (73) in order to identify a few pivotal factors (4) with the greatest impact on investment processes management in the field of residential construction in Poland. These factors include: the activity of companies in the market environment (1), pro-social policy of the state (2), highly advanced technologies (3) and the use of appropriate market relations (4). In our study, we aim to show how successful construction processes are perceived by industry professionals. The scientific method that we used allows for assignment of a certain order of priority to specific groups of questionnaire variables, dependent on the eigenvalues-related percentage of explained variation.
DFT Study of the Elastic Properties of Pristine and Moderately Fluorinated Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes

This article presents a systematical study on structural and mechanical properties of pristine armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and fluorinated SWNTs using density functional theory. At the B3LYP/SVP and B3LYP/TZV levels, the data obtained compare with experimental and theoretical studies. The results show that fluorination in the off-axis position cannot significantly distort SWNTs framework, but axial fluorination changes the SWNT structure dramatically. It is established that there is a relatively small difference in stiffness of nanotubes which adsorbed fluorine atoms in axial and off-axis places. The permanence of general trend of Young's modulus changes is shown.