Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An observational study of the North Pacific storm‐track impact on the midlatitude oceanic front

A lagged Maximum Covariance Analysis is used to examine the impact of North Pacific storm‐track activity on midlatitude oceanic frontal intensity in this study. It is found that an enhanced storm track tends to intensify the oceanic frontal intensity with a lag of 1–2 months. The forcing effect of storm‐track anomalies on oceanic frontal intensity is strongest in autumn, followed by that in summer and winter, and it is weakest in spring. Moreover, the mixed layer heat budget analysis suggests that sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) related to oceanic fronts are primarily attributed to the storm‐track‐induced net surface heat flux and Ekman advection anomalies, while contributions of geostrophic advection and entrainment are relatively small. In summer and autumn, the impact of net surface heat flux anomalies on SSTAs plays a more important role than that of Ekman heat transport anomalies. Whereas in winter, Ekman heat transport anomaly forcing is comparable to the net surface heat flux forcing. Anomalous turbulent heat fluxes contribute to generating net surface heat flux anomalies in those three seasons, while the shortwave radiative fluxes make a strong contribution in summer but have little impact in winter. The anomalies of both net surface heat flux and Ekman heat transport are presumed to be associated with storm‐track‐induced surface wind anomalies. Results of the present study provide observational evidences for the positive feedback between the North Pacific storm‐track activity and midlatitude oceanic frontal intensity.
Identification of potential novel proteomic markers of Leishmania spp.-derived exosomes

Introduction Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous cell-derived membrane-bound structures which can be subdivided into three distinct classes according to distinct morphological characteristics, cellular origins, and functions. Small EVs, or exosomes, can be produced by the protozoan parasite Leishmania through the evolutionarily conserved ESCRT pathway, and act as effectors of virulence and drivers of pathogenesis within mammalian hosts. Techniques for the identification of EVs of non-mammalian origin, however, remain inaccurate in comparison to their well-characterized mammalian counterparts. Thus, we still lack reliable and specific markers for Leishmania-derived exosomes, which poses a significant challenge to the field. Methods Herein, we utilized serial differential ultracentrifugation to separate Leishmania-derived EV populations into three distinct fractions. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy were used to validate their morphological characteristics, and bioinformatic analysis of LC-MS/MS proteomics corroborated cellular origins and function. Discussion Proteomic data indicated potential novel proteic markers of Leishmania-derived exosomes, including proteins involved in endosomal machinery and the ESCRT pathway, as well as the parasitic phosphatase PRL-1. Further investigation is required to determine the specificity and sensitivity of these markers.
Review: The Creep Response of Paper

This article examines the literature pertaining to the creep behavior of paper. The basic concept of creep, the terminology used to describe creep, and the various ways to present creep are introduced. This is followed by a historical overview of creep in paper. Using this framework, discussions centered on tensile, compressive, and accelerated creep are presented. For years, research efforts have focused on accelerated creep. Because of this diversion, an acknowledged fundamental understanding of paper creep is lacking. Using previous data for tensile creep in constant humidity conditions, a rudimentary model of creep in paper is developed. The model clearly demonstrates that the role of bonding is accounted for simply with an efficiency factor that acts to magnify the stress. In addition to the impact of inter-fiber changes, intra-fiber effects resulting from hardening and wet-straining are demonstrated. It is suggested that compressive creep differs from tensile creep due to material instability. Accelerated creep is taken to be the result of moisture-induced load cycling. The result of this discourse is that to increase understanding, fundamental studies of creep behavior in constant conditions are and will be more fruitful than studies in cyclic humidity.
Relationship between helium isotopes and heat flux from hot springs in a non‐volcanic region, Kii Peninsula, southwest Japan

In order to examine the potential correlation between heat and helium isotope signatures in a non‐volcanic region, we estimated the local heat flux using Peclet number analysis of the thermal profiles from of deep, vertical boreholes in the Kii Peninsula, Southwest Japan. There is a distinct correlation between the common logarithms of the 3He/4He ratios and heat flux. Hot springs with 3He/4He ratios higher than the expected value of 3.4 RA, which is attributed to mantle helium trapped in igneous intrusions of Middle Miocene age, have heat flux values higher than 90 mW/m2. Upward flow of deep fluids predominates over the groundwater recharge of the local hydrology there. These results support the hypothesis that the hot springs with significantly higher 3He/4He ratios in the Kii Peninsula originate due to the effective transfer of mantle helium through the crust, dominantly by advection associated with ascending high temperature, deep fluids along mantle‐derived volatiles.
The Existence of Pesantren Culture as an Indonesian Islamic Educational Institution

Pesantren is an Islamic educational institution which its existence has been legalized in accordance with the needs and along with the development of times. The students’ principles of ethics, morality, religion, and independence are strengthened, which distinguish pesantren from other educational institutions. These goals can be compared to the range of scientific-technological knowledge and technical abilities which are needed to develop religious scientists. Pesantren for Indonesian Muslims surely become the focus of scientific and technological progresses, which is not only become a traditional Islamic educational institution that only focuses on religious affairs.
Inter-rater reliability in the Testing methods of the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) in Slovenian language

Background: Texture modification of drinks and food is a widespread clinical intervention for managing dysphagia. The descriptive and experiential approach to measurement is mainly used by healthcare professionals, caregivers, and patients. This study examines the inter-rater reliability of the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) Testing methods on different food samples from the hospital’s central kitchen. Methods: Nine previously trained healthcare professionals of different professional backgrounds and working experiences independently evaluated 34 food samples in IDDSI levels 4, 5, 6, and 7.1, using a Slovenian translation of the IDDSI Audit Tools. The 12 descriptive food characteristics were observed during the two consecutive days of data collection, representing 7 IDDSI Testing Methods. The Fleiss’ Kappa was used as a measure of agreement. Results: Perfect agreement among raters was found for the Fork drip test regarding both observed parameters: dripping and holding shape. All ratings of participants were completely the same. Therefore, Fleiss’ Kappa is considered (κ =1) in both cases. Moderate agreement (κ = 0.583) was found in particle size assessment. Fair agreement was observed in the Fork Pressure Test (κ = 0.361) and Finger Test, indicating bolus separation (κ = 0.328), pressure (κ = 0.305), and moisture (κ = 0.297). Fair agreement was also found for the Fork/Spoon Separation Test (κ = 0.265) and the Spoon Tilt Test in parameters of holding shape on the spoon (κ =0.233) and stickiness (κ = 0.327). No statistically significant results were found in the assessment of adhesiveness (κ = 0.059) in the Spoon Tilt Test and assessment of a typical pattern (κ = 0.039) in the Fork Pressure Test. Conclusions: The study proved the Fork Drip Test to be a comprehensive and highly reliable assessment tool, while the other IDDSI Testing Methods showed low inter-rater reliability. The study highlights the risks of low agreement among raters. It draws attention to the IDDSI descriptors, which should be improved with additional instructions or standardised training protocol for learning the IDDSI Testing Methods.
The Dynamics of Decentralization of Higher Education Delivery and Local Politics in the Philippines: the Case of Two Mandaue City Colleges in Cebu Province.

This study explores how the decentralization law of 1991 in the Philippines has provided the conditions for the interface of higher education and politics by virtue of Local Government Units (LGUs) establishment of Local Colleges and Universities (LCUs). Anchored on educational politics framework, it specifically looks at the experience of Mandaue City which presently has two similarly named local colleges, one is Commission on Higher Education accredited and LGU supported, while the other has been deemed to have “no legal personality” but has persisted to operate nonetheless. This would create a conflict of legitimacy and later on manifest issues and challenges naturally beyond the immediate domain of education, but one that must be harnessed constructively given the realities of Philippine politics i.e. power struggle and political dynamics. The democratic opening engendered by the decentralization law to allow LGUs to establish post-secondary schools are beset with growing political tensions and contestations. Yet, there were also narratives and evidence of positive impact brought about by the decentralization of higher education. Using key informant interviews, focus group discussion and document reviews, this study contends that public educational ventures such as LCUs serve as a microcosm of the larger problem in Philippine higher education: improved access to higher education, but quality is deteriorating. As such, this study hopes to suggest several policy directions and practical considerations for national governments vis-à-vis the LGUs role as enabler and/or regulator of higher education.
Spatio-Temporal Dynamic of Land Use and Land Cover in the Classified Forest of Djoli-Kera, South-Eastern, Chad

This study was carried out in the classified forest of Djoli-Kera found in the South-Eastern part of Chad. It aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal dy-namics of land cover between 1972 and 2013 and to determine the drivers of vegetation degradation. The databases used were made up of 4 Landsat satellite images (1MSS of 1972, 5TM of 1984, 7ETM+ of 1990 and 2010) and a spot 6 image of 2013, supplemented by field studies. Satellite images were processed using ENVI and ArcGIS software. Interview was used to identify the activities carried out by the local population. In 1972, the classified forest consisted of four types of land cover, the most important of which was open forest (51%), followed by wooded savannah (26%), tree savannah (21%) and sparse vegetation consisting of farms and fallows (2%). Gradually open forest and tree savannah disappeared. In 2013, the main types of land cover were shrub savannah (40%), sparse vegetation (28%), wooded savannah (12%), bare soil (12%) and dwellings (8%). Livestock, agriculture, wood collection and bushfires are perceived by local population as main drivers of forest cover change. Awareness-raising, monitoring and regulation of access to resources must be pursued, but also managers of the classified forest must accompany the local populations in the planting of trees and the setting up of more efficient farming systems to reduce pressure on the forest’s resources.
Developing empirical formulas for assessing the scour of vertical and inclined piers

Abstract Because scour is one of the main reasons for bridge failure, this study focuses on accurately predicting the maximum scour depth around different vertical and inclined piers. Scouring is an issue of concern in the bridge design process, as most existing equations for predicting local scour near bridge piers suffer from over- or underprediction issues, resulting in higher foundation costs or bridge failure and inaccurate predictions of the scour around piers. The dimensionless maximum scour depths (ys/D) of vertical and inclined piers were investigated for seven pier shapes with different L/D ratios and four inclination angles (θ) under shallow flow conditions. The inclined pier configuration reduced the ys/D of the piers. The maximum ys/D was observed for a rectangular pier with an L/D of 4.5 in both vertical and inclined configurations (θ of 10, 15 and 21°, respectively). The ys/D was significantly decreased by increasing the angle of the pier from 10 to 30°. The ys/D of the inclined rectangular piers decreased as θ decreased from 30 to 10° and the L/D ratio increased from 1 to 4.5. The best ys/D results were obtained for inclined rectangular piers at a θ value of 30° and an L/D ratio of 7.5 compared to other shapes and inclination angles. New equations were developed to predict the local scour depth for circular, square and rectangular bridge piers. The equations yielded excellent results for predicting the maximum clear water scour depth around vertical and inclined piers with inclination angles of 10, 15, 21 and 30°, respectively.
Wind Synoptic Activity Increases Oxygen Levels in the Tropical Pacific Ocean

The mechanisms controlling the variability of oxygen levels in the ocean are poorly quantified. I focus here on the impact of wind synoptic variability associated with tropical convective regions and extratropical storms. Removing the wind higher frequencies of variability (2 days to 1 month) in an atmosphere reanalysis used to force an ocean model decreases wind stress by up to 20% in the tropics and 50% in the midlatitudes, weakening wind‐driven ocean circulation by 20%. Oxygen levels decrease by up to 10 mmol/m3 in tropical oceans and 30 mmol/m3 in subtropical gyres mainly due to changes in advective processes. While a large part of the tropical oxygen anomaly has local origins, changes in oxygen levels in the subtropical gyres modulate tropical oxygen distribution. This study suggests that the “storminess” of the ocean is an important parameter that could determine the future evolution of poorly oxygenated regions.
Psychological Preparedness of Psychologists during the COVID-19 Emergency: Are There Any Individual Differences?

The COVID-19 outbreak has posed an unprecedented global challenge. However, despite the large amount of evidence on the psychological consequences of the pandemic, very few studies have focused on psychologists themselves. (1) Background: The present study aimed to characterise the professional and clinical profile of psychologists facing the COVID-19 outbreak and to investigate the relationship between psychological preparedness and a series of potential predictors (e.g., sociodemographic and professional variables and psychological distress). (2) Methods: A total of 1115 psychologists fully completed an online survey. The data collection period started with the first wave of the pandemic. Participants were asked to provide sociodemographic and professional data and to complete three questionnaires assessing psychological preparedness, worry, and anxiety symptoms. (3) Results: Descriptive results showed that the COVID-19 outbreak did not cause an interruption to the psychological practice of professionals (both in the public and in private sectors) and that psychologists accepted the introduction of technological devices within their regime of work in order to guarantee their service to clients. Only a minority of participants reported clinically significant levels of symptoms of anxiety and worry. Regression analyses revealed that being older, having taken part in training courses on the COVID-19 emergency, and experiencing lower levels of worry and anxiety were all significant predictors of both cognitive and affective psychological preparedness. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, these findings seem to highlight that specific factors can enhance psychological preparedness among psychologists. Therefore, it is vital to inform authorities about the importance of providing emergency programmes to train healthcare workers, especially psychologists, on how to develop psychological preparedness when facing the negative consequences of critical incidents at a universal level, given their crucial role in promoting mental health.
Intraoperative nerve monitoring during thyroid surgery

Purpose of reviewLaryngeal nerve injury, resulting in speech and swallowing dysfunction, is a feared complication of thyroid operations. Routine visualization of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) has decreased the likelihood of nerve injury, and intraoperative nerve monitoring has been applied in the hope of further enhancing safety. Recent findingsThere is conflicting evidence about the value of nerve monitoring during thyroid operations, despite ample research. The data favor nerve monitoring in certain situations, such as neck re-explorations, contralateral RLN injury, extensive or challenging dissections, invasive tumors or large goiters, and nonrecurrent or branching recurrent laryngeal nerves. Continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring may reduce the chances of excessive traction, which is the most common mechanism of injury. Nerve monitoring may also identify and protect the external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve. SummarySurgeons should routinely identify recurrent laryngeal nerves during thyroid operations, and intraoperative nerve monitoring might be a useful adjunct to prevent injury. As a result of the relatively low probability of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, it is difficult to establish the absolute value of nerve monitoring. Further research may focus on continuous nerve monitoring and intraoperative monitoring of the external branches of the superior laryngeal nerves.
Effectiveness of Nursing Learning Package of Abdominal Massage for Relieving Constipation among Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background : Constipation is among the most frequently reported health problems in old-age people, with significant negative impacts on their health, and quality of life. Aim of study : The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of an abdominal massage learning package in relieving constipation among older adults. Setting: conducted in outpatient clinic beni-suef university hospitals & two Geriatric Social Clubs in Beni-Suef city. Subjects : on 100 older adults suffering from constipation in the setting. Method : A quasi-experimental study Tools : A structured interview questionnaire sheet was used to collect pre-post data concerning knowledge about constipation and reported practices of abdominal massage. The training program was implemented and its effectiveness after three months. Results : The sample had equal gender distribution. Satisfactory knowledge significantly improved from 53% to 98%, and adequate practice from 30% to 65% post-intervention (p<0.001). The problem of constipation showed significant improvement with 74% reporting relief at the post-intervention phase (p<0.001). The predictors of the relief of constipation were the practice score and the knowledge of the benefits of abdominal massage, Odds Ratios 1.66 and 1.58, respectively. Conclusion: Training older adults in abdominal massage technique is effective in relieving their constipation. Recommendations : The technique should be used in geriatric care in various community and healthcare settings. Further research is proposed to assess its effect on older adults’ quality of life.
Financial Markets' Perceptions of the FOMC's Data-Dependent Monetary Policy

Over the past ten years, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) has repeatedly emphasized that future policy is data dependent. In this Economic Commentary, we investigate how financial markets expected future interest rates to change with the release of new data on inflation and labor market conditions. We find that the surprises in economic indicators have a stronger effect on the 2-year Treasury yield than on the expected federal funds rate to be set in the next FOMC meeting. This implies that markets understand that under the data-dependent approach, policy decisions do not heavily rely on the most recent data or short-run fluctuations, but, rather, rely more on the persistent trend of the economy. In addition, we observe that expected future interest rates have become more sensitive to surprises in inflation after 2022, suggesting that the FOMC's determination to reduce inflation has been well-understood by the markets.
Digitalization of Activities of Daily Living and Its Influence on Social Participation for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Scoping Review

Everyday technology (ET) has been defined as the broad set of devices and artefacts that are currently present in people’s lives both inside and outside of the home. A subgroup within ET is known as everyday information and communication technologies (EICTs). The main characteristic of these technologies is that they can facilitate or disrupt the engagement of individuals in their daily activities. This scoping review aims to identify what is known about how ET can function as facilitators or barriers to occupations, such as the social participation of older adults. The proposed scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and checklist. The scoping review was conducted across five online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE and PsycoINFO [EBSCO]) to identify published, peer-reviewed records. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers against the inclusion criteria. This review considered studies concerning the use of ET or EICTs in community-dwelling adults aged over 60 years, with or without cognitive impairment or dementia. All of the articles were in English, and reviews were not included. Eleven papers were selected and showed that despite the increasing demand for technologies of daily life and the digitalization of society and processes, according to our research, few studies addressed the limitations in the social participation of older adults. In conclusion, ET can provide a way to promote and maintain the personal autonomy for older adults in community dwellings. However, cognitive impairment hinders the use of electronic technologies and increases perceived problems.