Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electron dynamics in topological insulator based semiconductor-metal interfaces (topological p-n interface based on Bi2Se3 class)

Author(s): Wray, L Andrew; Xu, Suyang; Neupane, Madhab; Xia, Yuqi; Hsieh, David; Qian, Dong; Fedorov, Alexei V; Lin, Hsin; Basak, Susmita; Hor, Yew San; Cava, Robert J; Bansil, Arun; Hasan, M Zahid | Abstract: Single-Dirac-cone topological insulators (TI) are the first experimentally discovered class of three dimensional topologically ordered electronic systems, and feature robust, massless spin-helical conducting surface states that appear at any interface between a topological insulator and normal matter that lacks the topological insulator ordering. This topologically defined surface environment has been theoretically identified as a promising platform for observing a wide range of new physical phenomena, and possesses ideal properties for advanced electronics such as spin-polarized conductivity and suppressed scattering. A key missing step in enabling these applications is to understand how topologically ordered electrons respond to the interfaces and surface structures that constitute a device. Here we explore this question by using the surface deposition of cathode (Cu/In/Fe) and anode materials (NO$_2$) and control of bulk doping in Bi$_2$Se$_3$ from P-type to N-type charge transport regimes to generate a range of topological insulator interface scenarios that are fundamental to device development. The interplay of conventional semiconductor junction physics and three dimensional topological electronic order is observed to generate novel junction behaviors that go beyond the doped-insulator paradigm of conventional semiconductor devices and greatly alter the known spin-orbit interface phenomenon of Rashba splitting. Our measurements for the first time reveal new classes of diode-like configurations that can create a gap in the interface electron density near a topological Dirac point and systematically modify the topological surface state Dirac velocity, allowing far reaching control of spin-textured helical Dirac electrons inside the interface and creating advantages for TI superconductors as a Majorana fermion platform over spin-orbit semiconductors.
A Model for MOOC Implementation in Areas of Low Bandwidth in Developing Countries

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) could have been leveraged to bridge the education accessibility inequality gap in many developing countries, however many of the MOOCs platforms are developed to work in areas with good internet connections and high bandwidth leaving many rural areas excluded. The goal of this study was to develop a MOOCs model for areas with low bandwidth in developing countries. Literature search of technology implementation factors was carried out from which a conceptual model was designed. Using design science approach, the conceptual model was based on to developed an artifact of MOOCs platform that could be used in areas of low bandwidth. The artifact was evaluated using data collected from learners of tertiary institutions in South Africa. Results indicated that the developed artifact is suitable for use in areas of low bandwidth and that the model is a good guideline to the implementation of MOOCs platforms.
Comment on Hawking radiation and trapping horizons

We consider dynamical black hole formation from a collapsing fluid described by a symmetric and flat FRW metric. Using the Hamilton-Jacobi method the local Hawking temperature for the formed trapping/apparent horizon is calculated. The local Hawking temperature depends on the tunneling path, which we take to be along a null direction $(\Delta s=0)$. We find that the local Hawking temperature depends directly on the equation of state of the collapsing fluid. We argue that Hawking radiation by quantum tunnelling from future inner and future outer trapping horizons is possible. However, only radiation from a space-like dynamical horizon has a chance to be observed by an external observer. Some comparison to existing literature is made.
Statistical discrete geometry

Following our earlier work, we construct statistical discrete geometry by applying statistical mechanics to discrete (Regge) gravity. We propose a coarse-graining method for discrete geometry under the assumptions of atomism and background independence. To maintain these assumptions, restrictions are given to the theory by introducing cut-offs, both in ultraviolet and infrared regime. Having a well-defined statistical picture of discrete Regge geometry, we take the infinite degrees of freedom (large n) limit. We argue that the correct limit consistent with the restrictions and the background independence concept is not the continuum limit of statistical mechanics, but the thermodynamical limit.
Forms of environmental support: The roles that contemporary outpatient oncology settings play in shaping patient experience

ABSTRACT This article examines key aspects of built environment that shape the experience of patients undergoing intravenous anti-cancer treatment within outpatient settings. Eighteen patients or former patients participated in a series of in-depth interviews across two healthcare sites and two consumer groups in Victoria, Australia. Interviews were semi-structured with questions exploring the meaning and significance of patient experience of the hospital-built environment, as well as architectural aspects important for their wellbeing. Following a systematic thematic analysis, four themes highlighting the main contributions of contemporary healthcare design to patients’ experiences were synthesized. This ranged from the role of built environment in shifting negative expectations and inducing positive impressions, to its role in breaking up the intensity of treatment when feeling overwhelmed and provoking engagement in activities beyond treatment and being sick. The discussion also considers the role of built environment in attending to patients’ individual needs and treatment-related vulnerabilities. The findings expand existing theories of a supportive healthcare environment with further understanding of its potential constituent elements. They point to a refined, and more comprehensive, conceptual understanding of the way the built environment may promote wellbeing.
The Impact of Social Media Marketing for MSMEs Sustainability in Covid-19 Period

The Covid-19 pandemic impacts small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) performance in production, marketing, and income, especially in Denpasar City. MSMEs experienced a decline in the level of demand and supply during the implementation of social distancing policies. The role of social media can help in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this case, it can be said that social media can help the economy of MSMEs in business activities. This study aims to analyze the factors that use social media marketing, namely perceptions of ease of use, perceived usefulness, cost, and influence on MSMEs. The study was conducted on MSMEs owners in Denpasar City who sell food, beverages, services, and fashion. Data were collected utilizing research questionnaires which were distributed to 100 respondents. The data analysis technique used SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square) with Smart PLS 3.0. The results showed that Perceived Usefulness had a positive and significant effect on social media marketing. Perceived Usefulness has a positive and significant effect on the SMEs sustainability. Perceived ease of use has a positive and significant effect on social media marketing. The cost has a positive and significant effect on social media marketing. Social media marketing has a positive effect on MSMEs. However, costs have no impact on MSMEs. Based on the results of the VAF test, social media marketing acts as a partial mediating variable between perceived Usefulness and perceived ease of use for MSMEs sustainability.
Symmetries and boundary theories for chiral projected entangled pair states

We investigate the topological character of lattice chiral Gaussian fermionic states in two dimensions possessing the simplest descriptions in terms of projected entangled pair states (PEPS). They are ground states of two different kinds of Hamiltonians. The first one, ${\mathcal{H}}_{\mathrm{ff}}$, is local, frustration free, and gapless. It can be interpreted as describing a quantum phase transition between different topological phases. The second one, ${\mathcal{H}}_{\mathrm{fb}}$, is gapped, and has hopping terms scaling as $1/{r}^{3}$ with the distance $r$. The gap is robust against local perturbations, which allows us to define a Chern number for the PEPS. As for (nonchiral) topological PEPS, the nontrivial topological properties can be traced down to the existence of a symmetry in the virtual modes that are used to build the state. Based on that symmetry, we construct stringlike operators acting on the virtual modes that can be continuously deformed without changing the state. On the torus, the symmetry implies that the ground state space of the local parent Hamiltonian is twofold degenerate. By adding a string wrapping around the torus, one can change one of the ground states into the other. We use the special properties of PEPS to build the boundary theory and show how the symmetry results in the appearance of chiral modes, and a universal correction to the area law for the zero R\'enyi entropy.
Rate coefficients for the reactions of C($\mathsf{^3}$P$\mathsf{{\it _J}}$) atoms with C2H2, C2H4, CH3C$ \mathsf{\equiv} $CH and H2C$ \mathsf{=} $C$ \mathsf{=} $CH2 at temperatures down to 15 K

Rate coefficients for the reactions of ground state carbon atoms, C( 3 P J ), with the four unsaturated hydrocarbons C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , ${\rm CH_3C\equiv CH}$ and ${\rm H_2C=C=CH_2}$ have been measured at temperatures down to 15 K. The experiments have been performed in a continuous flow CRESU (Cinetique de Reaction en Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme) apparatus using pulsed laser photolysis of C 3 O 2 to generate C( 3 P J ) atoms and laser-induced fluorescence in the vacuum ultraviolet to observe the kinetic decays of the atoms and hence determine the rate coefficients. All four reactions are found to occur at rates close to the collision-determined limit and the rates show at most a very mild dependence on temperature. It is argued that normally these reactions proceed along a reaction path with no barrier to form a strongly bound energised adduct, which subsequently eliminates an H atom to form the reaction products. The rates of the reactions of C( 3 P J ) atoms with larger unsaturated hydrocarbons are discussed. Finally, the relevance of the results for the chemistry of dense interstellar clouds is considered.
A Multiwavelength Cross-Correlation Variability Study of Fermi-LAT Blazars

We carried out a multiwavelength cross-correlation analysis of a sample of 16 blazars detected by Fermi/LAT. The purpose is to investigate if there exists correlations between the distinct bands we analyze in this work. We searched for cross-correlated delays between emissions in optical, near-infrared and {\gamma}-ray bands for 16 blazars detected by Fermi-LAT, using three methods previously discussed in the literature: the interpolated cross-correlation function, the discrete cross-correlation function and the Z-transformed discrete cross-correlation function. Our results confirm the expectation that in all our sample the four NIR bands vary simultaneously. For three objects of our sample (3C 273, Mrk 501, and PMN J0808-0751), no correlation is found between any of the bands available for this study. For the remaining thirteen, a correlation was found between the V band and the NIR bands, indicating that in most of them the V band and the NIR bands vary simultaneously. For 4 objects (3C 454.3, PKS 0235+164, PKS 1510-089, and PKS 2155-304) a delayed correlation between the {\gamma}-ray emission and the NIR+V bands was found.
An Assessment Of High School Leavers’ Development of Mathematical Thinking

This descriptive design study evaluated the mathematical thinking attainment level of 649 High School leavers, ages 18 to 19 years, in the context of their preparation for facing the challenges of the tertiary level math curriculum. The findings depict students' low level of mathematical thinking attainment regarding their paucity in critical thinking and a lack of heuristics repertoire as a guide to employing their contextual knowledge in solving fundamental non-routine problems. These findings are a matter of concern as there seems to be a mutual exclusivity between the content learned in school and the ability of students to think mathematically. Keywords: Mathematical Thinking; Non-Routine; Problem-Solving; Heuristics eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI8. 3907
COMBINED CO AND DUST SCALING RELATIONS OF DEPLETION TIME AND MOLECULAR GAS FRACTIONS WITH COSMIC TIME, SPECIFIC STAR-FORMATION RATE, AND STELLAR MASS

We combine molecular gas masses inferred from CO emission in 500 star-forming galaxies (SFGs) between z = 0 and 3, from the IRAM-COLDGASS, PHIBSS1/2, and other surveys, with gas masses derived from Herschel far-IR dust measurements in 512 galaxy stacks over the same stellar mass/redshift range. We constrain the scaling relations of molecular gas depletion timescale (tdepl) and gas to stellar mass ratio (Mmol gas/M*) of SFGs near the star formation “main-sequence” with redshift, specific star-formation rate (sSFR), and stellar mass (M*). The CO- and dust-based scaling relations agree remarkably well. This suggests that the CO → H2 mass conversion factor varies little within ±0.6 dex of the main sequence (sSFR(ms, z, M*)), and less than 0.3 dex throughout this redshift range. This study builds on and strengthens the results of earlier work. We find that tdepl scales as (1 + z)−0.3 × (sSFR/sSFR(ms, z, M*))−0.5, with little dependence on M*. The resulting steep redshift dependence of Mmol gas/M* ≈ (1 + z)3 mirrors that of the sSFR and probably reflects the gas supply rate. The decreasing gas fractions at high M* are driven by the flattening of the SFR–M* relation. Throughout the probed redshift range a combination of an increasing gas fraction and a decreasing depletion timescale causes a larger sSFR at constant M*. As a result, galaxy integrated samples of the Mmol gas–SFR rate relation exhibit a super-linear slope, which increases with the range of sSFR. With these new relations it is now possible to determine Mmol gas with an accuracy of ±0.1 dex in relative terms, and ±0.2 dex including systematic uncertainties.
Prosocial aggression tracks genetic relatedness distinctly from emotional closeness.

Altruistic behavior is understood to largely stem from adaptations for kin altruism, contingent on degree of relatedness, and/or reciprocal altruism, contingent on degree of benefits conferred in exchange for help. Because kin qualify for both kin and reciprocal altruism, they should receive greater support than friends, as has been demonstrated in prior research. Here, we tested this prediction with regard to willingness to punish on another's behalf, comparing inclinations to aggress against transgressors when the victim was framed as an acquaintance, close friend, cousin, sibling, or oneself. Participants endorsed comparably greater direct aggression on behalf of the self, kin, or friends relative to acquaintances, despite reporting substantially greater emotional closeness to friends, consistent with what has been termed a kinship premium. Kin engendered greater aid than is explicable by affiliative emotion. Participants also reported less anger-yet trends toward greater disgust-when victims were acquaintances relative to all other conditions, replicating prior work distinguishing the social functions of anger and disgust. These results are discussed as they inform both the kinship premium hypothesis and sociofunctional accounts of moral emotion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
What Have We Learned? Implementation of a Shared Learning Agenda and Access Strategy for the Hormonal Intrauterine Device

Early evidence on clients’ and providers’ experiences with the hormonal intrauterine device in sub-Saharan Africa and lessons learned from implementing a shared learning agenda can inform strategies to expand access in other low- and middle-income countries. Key Findings In this review of early experiences providing the hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) in sub-Saharan Africa, we found: Continuation and satisfaction were high among hormonal IUD users in pilot settings and generally comparable to those of other long-acting reversible contraceptives. Hormonal IUD users reported positive attributes of the method including its effectiveness, long duration, convenience, potential for reduced bleeding, and fewer side effects compared to other hormonal methods. Coordination across diverse organizations, including alignment on a shared learning agenda and access strategy, ultimately contributed to expanded access to the method. Key Implications As several countries in sub-Saharan Africa are preparing to introduce the hormonal IUD on a wider scale, the addition of the hormonal IUD to the catalogs of the United States Agency for International Development and the United Nations Population Fund will help expand public-sector access. Additional investments in method introduction—including provider training, demand creation, robust implementation research, and monitoring and evaluation—will be critical to understanding how best to scale the method. ABSTRACT In 2015, a global learning agenda for the hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) was developed with priority research questions regarding use of the method in low- and middle-income countries. In addition, members of the Hormonal IUD Access Group aligned on a strategy to expand access in the context of volunteerism and contraceptive method choice. This article synthesizes evidence generated since then and describes steps taken to address demand- and supply-side barriers to access. Findings demonstrated high continuation rates and satisfaction among hormonal IUD users that are comparable to other long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). Across studies, a sizable number of users reported they would have chosen a short-acting method or no method at all if the hormonal IUD were not an option, which suggests that women did not see the hormonal IUD as interchangeable with other LARC options and thus it may fill an important niche in the market. With several countries now poised to scale up the method, resource mobilization will be key. On the demand side, investments in implementation research will be critical to understanding how best to launch and scale the method, while ensuring the sustainability of multiple quality-assured suppliers with affordable public-sector pricing will be necessary on the supply side.
POINT ESTIMATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF PIECEWISE REGRESSION MODELS.

Two methods of fitting piecewise multiple regression models are presented. One, based on dynamic programming, yields maximum‐likelihood estimators and is suitable for sequences of moderate length. A second, hierarchical, procedure yields approximations to the maximum‐likelihood estimators and is suitable for very long sequences of data. Both methods have computational requirements that are linear in the number of segments.
Distribution and removal of antibiotic resistance genes in a landfill leachate treatment process

ABSTRACT Domestic waste landfills have been regarded as the main source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) which are considered to be emerging environmental contaminants. Fluorescent quantitative PCR detection was used to determine the occurrence and abundance of ARGs in a landfill leachate treatment system. Fourteen ARGs were detected initially in the leachate influents. The most abundant ARGs were IntI1, followed by sulI, sulII, sulIII, tetC and tetW. The abundance of ARGs increased in the biological treatment unit and then decreased in the effluent of ultrafiltration membrane treatment. The absolute abundance of ARGs in effluent was 1.05–1.94 orders of magnitude lower than that in influent. There was a very significant strong correlation between various ARGs and heavy metals, especially Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and As, indicating that there may be obvious co-selection between heavy metals and ARGs. Although the leachate treatment process could effectively reduce the abundance of ARGs, its effect on reducing the number of species of ARGs was relatively limited, which may have potential environmental health risks to the urban sewage plant receiving leachate effluent and the final receiving water body.
The escape of ionising radiation from high-redshift dwarf galaxies

Context. The UV escape fraction from high-redshift galaxies plays a key role in models of cosmic reionisation. Because it is currently not possible to deduce the escape fractions during the epoch of reionisation from observations, we have to rely on numerical simulations. Aims. We aim to better constrain the escape fraction from high-redshift dwarf galaxies, as these are the most likely sources responsible for reionising the Universe. Methods. We employ a N-body/SPH method that includes realistic prescriptions for the physical processes that are important for the evolution of dwarf galaxies. These models are post-processed with radiative transfer to determine the escape fraction of ionising radiation. We perform a parameter study to assess the influence of the spin parameter, gas fraction and formation redshift of the galaxy and study the importance of numerical parameters as resolution, source distribution and local gas clearing. Results. We find that the UV escape fraction from high-redshift dwarf galaxies that have formed a rotationally supported disc lie between 10 −5 and 0.1. The mass and angular momentum of the galaxy are the most important parameters that determine the escape fraction. We compare our results to previous work and discuss the uncertainties of our models. Conclusions. The low escape fraction we find for high-redshift dwarf galaxies is balanced by their high stellar content, resulting in an efficiency parameter for stars that is only marginally lower than the values found by semi-analytic models of reionisation. We therefore conclude that dwarf galaxies play an important role in cosmic reionisation also after the initial starburst phase, when the gas has settled into a disc.
An analysis of efficiency and productivity change of performing arts firms in 11 EU countries

1. Synopsis This paper estimates the technical efficiency and its determinants for the performing arts (PA) firms in 11 EU countries, and it also obtains the total factor productivity (TFP) index for all PA firms to compare their total productivity change through time. Both parametric SFA and non-parametric DEA techniques are applied and the change in TFP is calculated using the Malmquist TFP index that is decomposed into three components: technical efficiency, scale efficiency and technological change. For this purpose, a novel and very rich panel data set for 6225 performing arts firms over 9 years period from 2009 until 2017, and for 11 European countries is applied. Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and UK are included in the analysis (see also Appendix 1). To our knowledge, this is the first empirical study which uses a large database on the EU PA firms, and estimates efficiency and productivity change, by applying both parametric and non-parametric methods.