Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population Differentiation along a Flood Frequency Gradient: Physiological Adaptations to Flooding in Nyssa sylvatica

Throughout the southeastern United States the hardwood Nyssa sylvatica (sensu lato) is distributed along a soil moisture gradient from upland sites, which are never flooded, to floodplains, which are periodically flooded and drained, to permanently flooded swamps. Population differentiation with respect to flood tolerance and related physiological attributes was investigated using 1-year-old seedlings grown in a greenhouse from seed collected along this gradient. Upland plants were very intolerant of flooded soils. Their root systems deteriorated, root respi- ration rates dropped and, after a year under such conditions, survival was poor and those that did remain were greatly stunted and had accumulated large concentrations of many nutrient elements. In contrast swamp plants were quite tolerant of flooded soils. Upon flooding, parts of the original root system were lost but new roots were initiated which had an increased capacity for alcoholic fermentation. Many of these new roots were more succulent, larger in diameter, and less branched than drained roots. Such succulent roots however were only a temporary response to short-term flooding; plants flooded for a year did not have such roots, rather the root system superficially resembled drained roots. Concomitant with this return to drained-like roots was an increase in internal oxygen transport to the roots and a drop in alcoholic fermentation. Floodplain plants under drained conditions allocated less biomass to roots than to shoots and had high respiration rates, traits similar to upland plants. Under flooded conditions they initiated new roots with medium respiration rates, allocated less biomass to roots than to shoots, significantly increased oxygen transport to the roots and had high survival, traits similar to swamp plants. Thus, the floodplain population produced a distinctly flood-tolerant phenotype; but not nearly as tolerant of flooded conditions as the swamp phenotype. Floodplain plants differed from swamp plants in transporting less oxygen to the roots under drained conditions, initiating fewer succulent-type roots and not accelerating alcoholic fermentation upon flooding and after a year under flooded conditions having less total biomass, less oxygen transport to the roots and a greater accumulation of Fe and Mn in the roots. The floodplain plants apparently have been selected to be similar to upland plants under drained conditions and swamp plants under flooding and one consequence of this is that their tolerance of flooded conditions is intermediate. It is argued that one of the more important trade-offs in adapting to flooded conditions is that high internal oxygen transport carries with it a "cost" in terms of excessive water loss under water stress conditions.
Heterogeneous Edge Offloading With Incomplete Information: A Minority Game Approach

Task offloading is one of key operations in edge computing, which is essential for reducing the latency of task processing and boosting the capacity of end devices. However, the heterogeneity among tasks generated by various users makes it challenging to design efficient task offloading algorithms. In addition, the assumption of complete information for offloading decision-making does not always hold in a distributed edge computing environment. In this article, we formulate the problem of heterogeneous task offloading in a distributed environment as a minority game (MG), in which each player must make decisions independently in each turn and the players who end up on the minority side win. The multi-player MG incentivizes players to cooperate with each other in the scenarios with incomplete information, where players don't have full information about other players (e.g., the number of tasks, the required resources). To address the challenges incurred by task heterogeneity and the divergence of naive MG approaches, we propose an MG based scheme, in which tasks are divided into subtasks and instructed to form into a set of groups as possible, and the left ones are scheduled to perform decision adjustment in a probabilistic manner. We prove that our proposed algorithm can converge to a near-optimal point, and also investigate its stability and price of anarchy in terms of task processing time. Finally, we conduct a series of simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme and the results indicate that our scheme can achieve around 30% reduction of task processing time compared with other approaches. Moreover, our proposed scheme can converge to a near-optimal point, which cannot be guaranteed by naive MG approaches.
Efeito de esterco bovino sobre os rendimentos de espigas verdes e de grãos de milho

The effect of different levels of cattle manure (0; 8; 16; 24; 32 and 40 t ha-1) on yield of green corn ears and grains of two maize cultivars was evaluated (Centralmex and AG-9012). The study was carried out at Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, from September to Dezember 1999 using sprinkler irrigation. The experimental design was complete random blocks arranged in splitplot with three replications. The manure was applied to main plots and cultivars in the subplots. The green corn yield was evaluated by total number and weight of green ears with husk and by marketables ears, with husk and without husk. The grain yield was evaluated by grain weight corrected for 15,5% humidity. The soil analysis, carried out 120 days after planting, indicated that the manure increased the water retention, water availability and the potassium, sodium and phosphorus contents, however, did not influence pH, calcium, sum of bases and organic matter contents. The manure levels x cultivars interaction was significant for number of marketable ears with husk only. All evaluated traits increased with the increase of manure levels. The cultivar AG-9012 was superior to the cultivar Centralmex for the evaluated traits. The net income, obtained with the sale of marketable ears with husk, was higher when no manure was applied for AG-9012. For the cultivar Centralmex, the net income was higher with 8 t ha-1 cattle manure application.
Modelling the Simultaneous Impact of Six Disruptive Technologies on Steady State Operating Parameters of Distribution Power Systems

A number of disruptive technologies are expected to impact on future power systems (PS). Electric vehicles (EV), photovoltaic systems (PV), wind turbines (WT), energy storage systems (ESS), vehicle to grid (V2G), and demand response (DR) are seen as those with the most significant potential impact on the PS. Whereas various aspects of the integration of these six technologies into PS are well researched, the technologies are often studied in isolation from each other or in small subsets (e.g. PV and ESS). In addition, the number of different combinations of the technologies penetration rates, considered in studies, is often small. This article presents an integrated analysis of how these six disruptive technologies, implemented as distributed energy resources (DER), impact on steady state technical operating parameters (i.e. voltages, voltage unbalances, peak loads) of distribution PS. The standard IEEE 123 Node Test Feeder is used to represent a typical electrical distribution PS, and is modelled using Matlab/Simulink. Almost a million power flow simulations are performed for various technology penetration rates. The resulting data sets are analysed and results are presented.
Review of Health Prognostics and Condition Monitoring of Electronic Components

To meet the specifications of low cost, highly reliable electronic devices, fault diagnosis techniques play an essential role. It is vital to find flaws at an early stage in design, components, material, or manufacturing during the initial phase. This review paper attempts to summarize past development and recent advances in the areas about green manufacturing, maintenance, remaining useful life (RUL) prediction, and like. The current state of the art in reliability research for electronic components, mainly includes failure mechanisms, condition monitoring, and residual lifetime evaluation is explored. A critical analysis of reliability studies to identify their relative merits and usefulness of the outcome of these studies’ vis-a-vis green manufacturing is presented. The wide array of statistical, empirical, and intelligent tools and techniques used in the literature are then identified and mapped. Finally, the findings are summarized, and the central research gap is highlighted.
Crescimento e composição química de dez espécies de microalgas marinhas em cultivos estanques

Microalgae show several economic applications, such as uses in aquaculture and in food industry, and there is a search for new uses, such as the biomass production to convert into biodiesel. All possible applications are directly linked to growth rate and the chemical profile of the species. Thus, the selection of conditions to promote a better use of algal biomass is fundamental for economic purposes. In this study, 10 species of marine microalgae were cultured and compared for growth and chemical composition. Remarkable differences of growth performance have been observed, with species with small cell volumes growing faster than species with large cell volumes. Levels of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and photosynthetic pigments varied widely, and proteins were identified as the most abundant substances. Some species showed high concentrations of fatty acids of economic importance, such as eicosapentaenoic and linoleic acids. The concentrations of amino acids were similar among species. In all microalgae, glutamic and aspartic acids were the most abundant amino acids. An overall evaluation of the results indicates that few general trends related to the taxonomy of algal groups were recognized.
Comparative studies on nutritional composition of four melon seeds varieties.

This study evaluates four Cucurbit species in Iree, Osun state, Nigeria. The species used were Cucumeropsis manni (Naudin), Cucumis sativus, Leganaria siceraria and Cucumeropsis edulis (Hook). Proximate and mineral analyses were carried out on the shelled Cucurbit species. Protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, moisture and carbohydrate content ranged from 33.80-39.96%, 40.26-45.21%, 3.35-4.89%, 1.66-2.16%, 4.78-5.21 and 7.08-14.15% respectively. There were significant difference (p<0.05) in the values obtained in protein, fat, ash moisture content and carbohydrate. But there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in crude fibre values for Cucumeropsis edulis and Cucumis sativus. Cucumis sativus had higher calcium content (2.03%) while Cucumeropsis manni had higher values in Mg (8.87%), Na (162.76 ppm), Mn (107.72 ppm) and Fe (39.71 ppm) contents. Leganaria siceraria also had higher values in K (5.43%), Cu (5.09 ppm) and Zn (19.75 ppm). Acid value ranged from 3.13-4.22 mgKOH/g, free fatty acid ranged from 3.4-3.9%. Saponification and peroxide values of 188-193 mg KOH/g and 9.7-11.6 Meq/kg were obtained for the melon seeds oils. Also, iodine values for the melon seeds ranged from 95.5-98.2 Wijs. All the seeds serve as good sources of protein, fat and minerals.
RF Properties of Carbon Nanotube / Copper Composite Through Silicon Via Based CPW Structure for 3D Integrated Circuits

The development of integrated circuits (ICs) has seen exponential growth in performance over the last couple of decades and has pushed the boundaries for how we use our electronics in our daily lives. The scaling of ICs, and therefore also the performance development, is now starting to slow down when the physical designs are reaching critical dimensions where quantum effects starts to become noticeable. One proposed route to circumvent these issues for a continued scaling is based on the implementation of 3D integration by chip stacking for an increased miniaturization potential. Miniaturisation will soon also result in interconnect dimensions that surpass the mean free path (MFP) in Cu, the commonly used material for interconnects today, with a sharp increase in resistivity as a result. By changing the through silicon via (TSV) interconnect material from Cu to a carbon nanotube (CNT)/Cu composite, continued scaling can be ensured both in terms of electrical conductivity, ampacity and signal delays. Furthermore, a reduced skin effect can be achieved ensuring lower signal losses at higher RF frequencies making the CNT/Cu composite an ideal candidate to replace tranditional Cu interconnects. In this paper, we are demonstrating a coplanar waveguide (CPW) test structure using CNT/Cu filled TSVs connected to Au transmission lines on SiO2-passivated high resistivity Si substrates. The parasitic losses of the CNT/Cu TSV based CPW test structure were measured using a Sparameters test setup. The results showed that the CNT/Cu TSVs with affiliated contacts increased the signal losses up to S21 = -5.5 dB compared to Au reference transmission lines. These results are in line with previous results using CNT based TSVs and will serve as a basis for future improvements of CNT based interconnect technology for 3D integration.
Occurrence of haemogregarina bigemina protozoa apicomplexa in blennius pholis pisces blenniidae along the portuguese west coast

The occurrence of Haemogregarina bigemina in Blennius pholis was studied at four localities on the Portuguese west coast. Prevalence ranged from 2.9 to 78.6% and was significantly different (P< 0.01) at the various localities. Intensity of infection in individual fish was usually low (< 0.01 % of erythrocytes infected) but one specimen was heavily parasitized (2.8% erythrocytes infected). The smallest infected fish was 3.2 cm long; all 7.0 cm and longer fish were infected. Development was not seen outside erythrocytes or within leucocytes. Some erythrocytes (< 0.01%) in one fish were unusual in containing four mature gametocytes. Circumstantial evidence indicates that prevalence was higher in polluted waters. Possible transmission routes for the parasite are discussed.
An investigation into consumer preferences for nine fresh white fish species and the sensory attributes which determine acceptability

Summary Nine fresh white fish species (cod, haddock, whiting, blue whiting, ling, saithe, lemon sole, plaice, dab) were investigated by sensory panels. Assessors could distinguish between species and although they would express relative preferences, they did not feel very strongly about them. Flavour was the most significant positive determinant of acceptability, texture was neutral and appearance was either neutral or negative. It is probable that most fresh white fish could be satisfactorily interchanged with one another without causing adverse consumer reaction.
Unexpected relationships between coral reef health and socio-economic pressures in the Philippines: reefbase/RAMP applied

The paper analyses variables hypothesized to affect the health of coral reefs. These variables include fishing pressure as measured by fisher density and land-based human activities as indicated by population, relative wealth, waste disposal and aspects of land use. Findings indicating that the healthiest coral reef areas are characterized by higher fisher densities as well as greater increases in population density were, at first, surprising. In retrospect, the results fit perfectly with human ecological theory; where possible, people tend to migrate from resource-poor to resource-rich areas. Any synchronic analyses of the interrelationships between the condition of aresource and associated population size or density will probably be confounded by the dynamics of the populations dependent on the resource. Hence, there is a need to account for this dynamic when researching anthropogenic effects on coral reefs. The findings also indicate that less-healthy reefs are found in areas with a higher percentage of land devoted to permanent crops; this appears to be related to observed high levels of runoff from permanent crops.
Primate origins and the evolution of angiosperms

Traditionally, the morphological traits of primates were assumed to be adaptations to an arboreal way of life. However, Cartmill [1972] pointed out that a number of morphological traits characteristic of primates are not found in many other arboreal mammals. He contends that orbital convergence and grasping extremities indicate that the initial divergence of primates involved visual predation on insects in the lower canopy and undergrowth of the tropical forest. However, recent research on nocturnal primates does not support the visually‐oriented predation theory. Although insects were most likely important components of the diets of the earliest euprimates, it is argued here that visual predation was not the major impetus for the evolution of the adaptive traits of primates. Recent paleobotanical research has yielded evidence that a major evolutionary event occurred during the Eocene, involving the angiosperms and their dispersal agents. As a result of long‐term diffuse coevolutionary interactions with flowering plants, modern primates, bats, and plant‐feeding birds all first arose around the Paleocene‐Eocene boundary and became the major seed dispersers of modern tropical flora during the Eocene. Thus, it is suggested here that the multitude of resources available on the terminal branches of the newly evolved angiosperm, rain forest trees led to the morphological adaptations of primates of modern aspect.
Rebound Increase of Nocturnal Serum Melatonin Levels following Evening Suppression by Bright Light Exposure in Healthy Men: Relation to Cortisol Levels and Morning Exposure

Venous samples were drawn hourly from 20:OO to 08:OO through an indwelling catheter. The subjects were sleeping in darkness from 23:OO to 07:OO. The study was done in three parts: 1. control night sampling without light exposure; 2. light exposure (30 or 60 min) in the evening followed by night sampling; 3. night sampling (a), light exposure (60 min) in the morning (05:OO-06:00), subjects in bed in darkness (06:0047:00); sampling (b) during the following night. Light exposure of a t least 2,500 lux was given by the use of 58W slimsize highgrade 3D full spectra fluorescent lamps (GTE Sylvania). Hormones were assayed by commercially available RIA methods: melatonin (KALAB, Danville, California 94526) and cortisol (Farmos Diagnostica, Turku, Finland). Protocol and Results are given in TABLE 1 and FIGURE 1.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Grant-Free Access for Uplink URLLC

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been recently considered as one of the emerging technologies for future communication systems by leveraging the tuning capabilities of their reflecting elements. In this paper, we investigate the potential of an RIS-based architecture for uplink sensor data transmission in an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) context. In particular, we propose an RIS-aided grant-free access scheme for an industrial control scenario, aiming to exploit diversity and achieve improved reliability performance. We consider two different resource allocation schemes for the uplink transmissions, i.e., dedicated and shared slot assignment, and three different receiver types, namely the zero-forcing, the minimum mean squared error (MMSE), and the MMSE-successive interference cancellation receivers. Our extensive numerical evaluation in terms of outage probability demonstrates the gains of our approach in terms of reliability, resource efficiency, and capacity and for different configurations of the RIS properties. An RIS-aided grant-free access scheme combined with advanced receivers is shown to be a well-suited option for uplink URLLC.
5G Millimeter Wave Broadside-Endfire Antenna Array

Metal frame presence in the modern mobile devices is been taken into consideration. Average uplink equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is defined for the full sphere beam scanning at cumulative distribution function (CDF)= 0.5 level, which dictates EIRP maximization for mmWave antenna solutions. These challenges have been addressed with a V-pol hybrid broadside-endfire antenna array. Presented solution shows good potential for possible implementation.
Molecular Phylogeny and Redefined Generic Limits of Calathea (Marantaceae)

Abstract Calathea, with an estimated 285 species, is the largest genus of Marantaceae and an important component of Neotropical herbaceous diversity. The genus is also of high importance for horticulture as species are cultivated for their showy, patterned leaves. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies indicated that the genus is polyphyletic, but have not provided a basis for redefining generic limits due to incomplete taxon sampling. To address this problem we analyzed DNA sequence data from three plastid markers (matK with flanking 3′ trnK intron, trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer) and one nuclear marker (ITS) under a maximum parsimony criterion for a large and representative taxon sample covering all previously proposed infrageneric entities, and representing the full range of morphological variation known in the genus. Our results confirm that Calathea is polyphyletic. One clade, including subgenus Calathea, the C. lanicaulis group, and the genus Sanblasia, is sister to a clade formed by Ischnosiphon and Pleiostachya. The genus Monotagma is placed as sister to this clade. The remaining species form a second strongly supported clade as sister to a clade containing these other genera. Based on these findings Calathea is recircumscribed in a narrow sense and Sanblasia is placed in synonymy. The genus Goeppertia is resurrected and redefined to include all members of the second Calathea clade. Morphological characters defining each genus are provided. A total of 246 new combinations are made.
Adaptive Temporal Segmentation for Action Recognition

Learning deep representations have been widely used in action recognition task. However, the features extracted by deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have many redundant information. This paper aims to discover the relevance between temporal features extracted by CNNs. Different fromTemporal Segment Networks (TSN) to randomly select video clips. Based on the matrix-based Rényi’s α-entropy, we estimate the mutual information between temporal domain features. Through our experiments, we propose an adaptive temporal segmentation scheme to represent the entire videos. We also combine the features of RGB and optical flow frames extracted by 3D ConvNets to verify the complementary information between them. We show that the proposed approach achieves 94.4 and 72.8 percent accuracy, in the UCF- 101 and HMDB-51 datasets.
Combining abilities of new inbred lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Combining abilities for plant height and head diameter of ten sterile Alines, three restorers - RF lines and their (10x3) F1-hybrids were examined by line x tester method. Significant differences were found between A-lines, RFlines (testers) and their hybrids. The highest mean for plant height had line MIA- 57 (198.17 cm) and hybrid combination MG-MI-1 x MI-A-57 (239 cm), and the lowest mean had line PL-DI-13 (79.67 cm) and hybrid MG-MI-4 x PL-DI-13 (152.67 cm). Line PL-DI-52 (24.47 cm) and hybrid MG-MI-4 x MI-A-57 (25.37 cm) had the highest mean for head diameter, and the lowest mean was determined in line PL-DI-44 (13.60 cm) and hybrid MG-MI-2 x PL-DI-15 (17.90 cm). Lines with the best general combining abilities were PL-DI-13 for plant height and MI-A-57 for head diameter. Hybrids with the best specific combining abilities were MG-MI-2 x PL-DI-15 for plant height and MG-MI-1 x PL-DI-15 for head diameter. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR-31025]