Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of vegetative type, edges, fire history, rainfall, and management in fire‐maintained habitat

The combined effects of ﬁ re history, climate, and landscape features (e.g., edges) on habitat specialists need greater focus in ﬁ re ecology studies, which usually only emphasize characteristics of the most recent ﬁ re. Florida scrub-jays are an imperiled, territorial species that prefer medium (1.2 – 1.7 m) shrub heights, which are dynamic because of frequent ﬁ res. We measured short, medium, and tall habitat quality states annually within 10-ha grid cells (that represented potential territories) because ﬁ res and vegetative recovery cause annual variation in habitat quality. We used multistate models and model selection to test competing hypotheses about how transition probabilities vary between states as functions of environmental covariates. Covariates included vegetative type, edges (e.g., roads and forests), precipitation, openings (gaps between shrubs), mechanical cutting, and ﬁ re characteristics. Fire characteristics not only included an annual presence/absence of ﬁ re covariate, but also ﬁ re history covariates: time since the previous ﬁ re, the longest ﬁ re-free interval, and the number of repeated ﬁ res. Statistical models with support included many covariates for each transition probability, often including ﬁ re history, interactions, and nonlinear relationships. Tall territories resulted from 28 yr of ﬁ re suppression and habitat fragmentation that reduced the spread of ﬁ res across landscapes. Despite 35 yr of habitat restoration and prescribed ﬁ res, half the territories remained tall, suggesting a regime shift to a less desirable habitat condition. Edges reduced the effectiveness of ﬁ res in setting degraded scrub and ﬂ atwoods into earlier successional states, making mechanical cutting an important tool to compliment frequent prescribed ﬁ res.
Experience on Safety, Expulsion, and Complication of Intracesarean Post-Partum Intrauterine Copper Device

Background The post-partum period is one of the critical times when ovulation is highly unpredictable and couples often underestimate the likelihood of pregnancy. According to the World Health Organization, intrauterine copper device (IUCD) can be inserted within 48 hours post-partum, referred to as post-partum IUCD (PPIUCD). The objectives of the present study were to determine the safety and expulsion of intracesarean PPIUCD. This study also has an objective to determine the complications (undescended/missed thread, bleeding, pain, and infection) following intracesarean PPIUCD insertion among the women. Materials and methods This was a prospective interventional hospital-based study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India, from November 1, 2016, to October 31, 2019. Women were followed up at six weeks and six months for various objectives. Results Intracesarean PPIUCD was inserted in a total of 1,586 patients, and 1,029 cases came for follow-up at six weeks and six months; thus, the concluded sample size was 1,029. The majority of patients were of 20 to 25 years of age, belonged to rural areas, and were having parity 2. The most common complaint was of undescended/missed thread in 22.2% women followed by bleeding (11.9%), expulsion (2.2%), pain (2%), and local infection (1.3%) at six weeks follow-up. At six months, the most common complaint was missed thread in 8.6% followed by bleeding (6.0%), pain (1.6%), expulsion (1.2%), and local infection (0.7%). There was no case of perforation. While 19.05% women wanted the removal of PPIUCD, but at the end of the study period, it was removed in a total of 11.27% cases due to various reasons. Conclusions PPIUCD is an effective tool to reduce the unmet need of contraception. This study showed that most of the women were satisfied with the intracesarean insertion of IUCD, indicating its important place within the basket of post-partum family planning methods.
The application of L‐glutaminase for the synthesis of the immunomodulatory γ‐D‐glutamyl‐L‐tryptophan and the kokumi‐imparting γ‐D‐glutamyl peptides

Abstract Glutaminase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been used to synthesize the immunomodulatory γ‐D‐glutamyl‐L‐tryptophan (γ‐D‐Glu‐L‐Trp) and the kokumi‐active γ‐D‐glutamyl peptides. The optimum yield of γ‐D‐Glu‐L‐Trp was 55.76 mM in corresponding to a minimum yield of by‐product (γ‐D‐Glu‐γ‐D‐Glu‐L‐Trp) in the presence of 75 mM D‐Gln and 100 mM L‐Trp. The glutaminase has a low Km values for the donors (D‐Gln and L‐Gln:5.53 and 0.98 mM), but high ones for the acceptors (L‐Trp, L‐Phe, L‐Met, L‐Val and γ‐[D‐Glu]( n =1,2,3)‐L‐Val/L‐Phe/L‐Met, ranging from 32.51 to 193.05 mM). The highest Km value appearing when n = 2 (γ‐[D‐Glu]( n =0,1,2)‐L‐Val/L‐Phe/L‐Met) suggested the rising difficulty for synthesis when the number of donor increases in the reaction mixtures. The γ‐[D‐Glu]( n =1,2,3)‐L‐Val/L‐Phe/L‐Met at 5 mM can impart the blank chicken broth an enhancing monthfulness, thickness, and umaminess taste.
Strategy Development for the Manufacturing of Multilayered Structures of Variable Thickness of Ni-Based Alloy 718 by Powder-Fed Directed Energy Deposition

In this study, a manufacturing strategy, and guidelines for inclined and multilayered structures of variable thickness are presented, which are based on the results of an own-developed geometrical model that obtains both the coating thickness and dilution. This model is developed for the powder-fed directed energy deposition process (DED) and it only uses the DED single-track cladding characteristics (height, width, area, and dilution depth), the overlap percentage, and the laser head tilting-angle as inputs. As outputs, it calculates both the cladding geometry and the dilution area of the coating. This model for the Ni-based alloy 718 was improved, based on previous studies of the single clad working both vertically and at an inclined angle, adding the equations of the single clad characteristics with respect to the main process parameters. The strategy proposed in this paper for multilayered cladding consisted of both adding an extra clad at the edges of the layer and using a variable value of the overlap percentage between clads for geometric adaptations. With this strategy, the material deposition is more accurate than otherwise, and it shows stable growth. Manufacturing a multilayered wall of wider thicknesses at higher heights was utilized to validate the strategy.
The Effects of Augmented Reality to Motivation and Performance in EFL Vocabulary Learning

The main purpose of this study was to examine the differences in students’ English vocabulary learning performance as well as the instructional materials motivation, comparing the traditional lecturing method and the Augmented Reality method. This study adopted an unequal pre-test and post-test experimental design. Overall, there were a total of 42 students in two fifth grade classes in an elementary school in Central Taiwan who served as the participants of this study. Data were collected by English vocabulary tests, an instructional materials motivation questionnaire, and structured interviews. Data analyses were mixed with the quantitative and qualitative methods. The results showed that the instructional materials motivation and performance of the students taught using AR were superior to those of students taught using the traditional lecturing method. In addition, the qualitative findings of this study identified the opportunities and obstacles when adopting AR and using the traditional lecturing methods to learn English vocabulary. These findings might provide useful insights toward the successful application of English instruction in the educational realm for elementary school EFL students and teachers in Taiwan.
Assessment of transvaginal ultrasound measurement of cervical length for prediction of spontaneous onset of labor at term

Background: The objective of this study was to measure the cervical length by transvaginal sonography at term to predict onset and course of spontaneous labor. Materials and Methods: One hundred and nighty nine pregnant women between 37 to 40 weeks of gestation who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this prospective observational study conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology of IGGMC, NAGPUR. Results: Out of 199 pregnant women, 154 women had full term vaginal delivery and 45 women underwent emergency cesarean section. The mean cervical length was 2.58cm in women who had vaginal birth and was 3.45cm in women who underwent emergency cesarean section. The best cutoff of transvaginal cervical length was 2.7cm for predicting the spontaneous onset of labor within 7 days, having sensitivity of 90.91% and specificity of 84%. The positive predictive value was 84.9% and negative predictive value of test 90.3%, with diagnostic accuracy of 87.4%. Conclusions: When cervical length is less, then chances of vaginal delivery are significantly higher. Transvaginal cervical length measurement between 37 to 40 weeks is useful test for predicting spontaneous onset of labor within 7 days. It helps women and healthcare providers to plan vaginal birth and also timely decision of referral of those cases requiring immediate care to higher centres for better maternal and foetal outcome. Keywords: Transvaginal cervical length, Spontaneous onset of labor.
The Travels of a Set of Numbers: The Multiple Networks Enabled by the Colombian ‘Estrato’ System

This article documents how a Constitutionally grounded effort to institute ‘cross subsidies’ for public utility payments gave rise to a set of numbers that never achieved the goal of cross-class solidarity. This legal based system lived on, in large part because the numbers were quickly adopted both in popular speech and by multiple institutions, in an uncoordinated manner. Scalar tensions are key to the story: the Colombian ‘estrato’ system for classifying residential properties (initially for differential utility payment purposes) has at its core a set of numbers that was designed as nationally valid: but the work of labelling all residences with one of the six numbers to produce zoning-like ‘estrato’ maps incites qualitative micro-local knowledge. Overall, we show that local knowledges of socioeconomic difference constantly clash with and undermine not only the initial ambitious plan to render cross-class ‘solidarity’ technical but also the subsequent efforts to propose more rational alternatives.
Virtual ChIP-seq: predicting transcription factor binding by learning from the transcriptome

Existing methods for computational prediction of transcription factor (TF) binding sites evaluate genomic regions with similarity to known TF sequence preferences. Most TF binding sites, however, do not resemble known TF sequence motifs, and many TFs are not sequence-specific. We developed Virtual ChIP-seq, which predicts binding of individual TFs in new cell types, integrating learned associations with gene expression and binding, TF binding sites from other cell types, and chromatin accessibility data in the new cell type. This approach outperforms methods that predict TF binding solely based on sequence preference, predicting binding for 36 TFs (MCC>0.3).
Identification of genes

By a method for identifying (identification) a microorganism having a reduced adaptation to a particular environment, (1) for each microorganism the insertion fire of gene activation with the nucleic acid comprising a unique marker (marker) sequence (insertional inactivation) independently It is mutated by the steps of: providing a plurality of microorganisms each of the mutation have a different labeled sequence, or clones of the said microorganism (clones); (2) providing a stored sample of each mutant produced by step (1), respectively, and provides the stored nucleic acid comprising the unique marker sequence from each of individual mutant; Further comprising: (3) (1) a plurality of mutant microorganisms that can grow in the aforementioned specific environment by introducing the above-described specific production environment by that grow in the environment; (4) recovering a portion or in a selected microorganism, and separating the nucleic acids from the microorganisms recovered from the environment; Of any cover separate from and 6, step (4), (5) step comprises comparing a unique marker sequence of the mutant of the stored gakgae as in all the cover sequence and the step (2) in the nucleic acid isolated from 4 the method comprising screening the individual mutations that do not have the sequence: a method comprising the.
HealthLit4Kids: Dilemmas associated with student health literacy development in the primary school setting

Objective: To ascertain teachers’ articulation and experiences of navigating dilemmas that inhibit and/or enable the fostering of health literacy in primary school settings. Design: Qualitative analysis of teachers’ written reflections on introducing health literacy into their school and classroom. Setting: Tasmania, Australia. Method: Eighty-four teachers in five primary schools participated in the HealthLit4Kids programme. Teacher reflections were collected at the conclusion of the first year of the programme and assessed using Windschitl’s Dilemmas to identify recurrent themes raised by the conceptual, pedagogic, cultural and political dilemmas teachers faced. Results: Key dilemmas faced by teachers concerned the development of a whole-of-school approach, student engagement and professional development. Conclusion: Internationally few health literacy programmes for primary schools exist. The theory developed from the themes identified in this study will inform future health literacy programme design and implementation strategies. Purposeful consideration of each theme will guide their success, scalability and sustainability. Future research on the role of constructivist teaching styles in health literacy development in the school setting is urgently required.
Characterization of FBXO7 (PARK15) knockout mice modeling Parkinsonian-Pyramidal Syndrome

The second most common neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD), is caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra leading to impaired motor control. Genetic analyses have revealed recessively and dominantly inherited mutations in the so-called PARK genes that cause symptoms reminiscent of those of PD. Mutations in the FBXO7 gene (PARK15) have been linked to several families presenting with Parkinsonian-Pyramidal Syndrome, but its precise role in neurons remains unknown. Proteasomal dysfunction has previously been linked to PD. Owing to the previously published finding that FBXO7 interacts with the proteasomal modulator PI31, I investigated the role of FBXO7 in proteasomal regulation and found in loss-of-function experiments that FBXO7 promotes proteasome activity. To model the PARK15 syndrome in mice, we generated a conventional FBXO7 knockout mouse line. With behavioral experiments, I showed that these mice present early onset motor defects and premature death. As FBXO7 is ubiquitously expressed in the brain, we dissected the pyramidal and Parkinsonian phenotype using a conditional knockout strategy. I found that loss of FBXO7 in pyramidal forebrain neurons caused severe motor deficits reminiscent of the pyramidal symptoms seen in PARK15 patients, in addition to stereotypic behavior. I could show that the glutamatergic transporter level was downregulated in the striatum of these mice, along with an increase in dopamine. On the other hand, loss of FBXO7 in murine catecholaminergic neurons lead to a progressive loss of fine motor control with reduced ambulation in the end stage, which can be interpreted as a Parkinsonian phenotype. This was accompanied by a significant decrease of striatal dopamine, without neuronal loss. Taken together, this study shows FBXO7 as a regulator of the 26S proteasome and characterizes novel mouse models for investigation of Parkinsonian-Pyramidal Syndrome. Parts of this work was published after the thesis defense in EMBO Journal as "Loss of FBXO7 (PARK15) results in reduced proteasome activity and models a parkinsonism-like phenotype in mice. " Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Biotic and Abiotic Drivers of Sap Flux in Mature Green Ash Trees (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) Experiencing Varying Levels of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) Infestation

While the relationship between abiotic drivers of sap flux are well established, the role of biotic disturbances on sap flux remain understudied. The invasion of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, EAB) into North America in the 1990s represents a significant threat to ash trees (Fraxinus spp.), which are a substantial component of temperate forests. Serpentine feeding galleries excavated by EAB larvae in the cambial and phloem tissue are linked to rapid tree mortality. To assess how varying levels of EAB infestation impact the plant water status and stress levels of mature green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall) trees, we combined tree-level sap flux measurements with leaf-level gas exchange, isotopes, morphology and labile carbohydrate measurements. Results show sap flux and whole tree water use are reduced by as much as 80% as EAB damage increases. Heavily EAB impacted trees exhibited reduced leaf area and leaf mass, but maintained constant levels of specific leaf area relative to lightly EAB-impacted trees. Altered foliar gas exchange (reduced light saturated assimilation, internal CO2 concentrations) paired with depleted foliar δ13C values of heavily EAB impacted trees point to chronic water stress at the canopy level, indicative of xylem damage. Reduced photosynthetic rates in trees more impacted by EAB likely contributed to the lack of nonstructural carbohydrate (soluble sugars and starch) accumulation in leaf tissue, further supporting the notion that EAB damages not only phloem, but xylem tissue as well, resulting in reduced water availability. These findings can be incorporated into modeling efforts to untangle post disturbance shifts in ecosystem hydrology.
TOLERANCE OF DIFFERENT RICE GENOTYPES (ORYZA SATIVA L.) AGAINST THE INFESTATION OF RICE STEM BORERS UNDER NATURAL FIELD CONDITIONS

The present studies report the genotypic responses of 61 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes (35 aromatic and 26 non aromatic) against the infestation of rice stem borers under natural field conditions. The data obtained on these genotypes on larval infestation in combination with yield were the criteria to assess the resistance depicted by them. The studies showed that among aromatic genotypes, 'Khushboo-95' gave the best yield of grain and harboured the least pest infestation (2.81% deadhearts and 1.85% whiteheads); on the other hand variety 'Sonahri Sugdasi (P)' harboured the highest borers attack (10.37% and 19.30%) and yielded the lowest grain yield. Regarding non-aromatic genotypes, IR8-2.5-11 received least infestation (1.32% and 0.26% deadhearts and whiteheads, respectively) generating highest yield showing its tolerance to borer's attack, in contrast, genotype IR6-252 harboured the highest infestation (5.65%, 4.28%) and yielded minimum grain indicating its susceptibility. These results demonstrate the expression of resistance gene in the genome of tolerant rice genotypes that can provide season-long protection from the natural infestation of insect pests.
A critical review of microbial electrolysis cells coupled with anaerobic digester for enhanced biomethane recovery from high-strength feedstocks

Abstract Anaerobic digestion (AD) is considered as a traditional method for biomethane recovery from high-strength waste and wastewater. The limitations of conventional anaerobic digestion processes include sluggish kinetics, process instability, and low methane yield. Recently, microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) has been demonstrated as a promising approach for enhancing biomethane recovery from various organic feedstocks. In recent years, a variety of hybrid anaerobic bioreactors coupling MEC and AD were employed to improve biomethane recovery and anaerobic treatability of various high-strength feedstocks. The MEC-AD integrated systems also exhibited better process stability than traditional anaerobic digesters by alleviating the accumulation of short-chain volatile fatty acids at higher organic loading rates, as well as mitigating the inhibitory effects of various toxic and refractory compounds. Firstly, this article provides a comprehensive performance review of the MEC-AD systems treating various high-strength (>8 g COD/L) substrates. Secondly, the implications of process parameters, energy efficiencies, and microbial community characteristics are discussed. Finally, valuable operational insights and future research needs are highlighted. Graphical abstract
Meta-Analysis of Hypoxic Transcriptomes from Public Databases

Hypoxia is the insufficiency of oxygen in the cell, and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are central regulators of oxygen homeostasis. In order to obtain functional insights into the hypoxic response in a data-driven way, we attempted a meta-analysis of the RNA-seq data from the hypoxic transcriptomes archived in public databases. In view of methodological variability of archived data in the databases, we first manually curated RNA-seq data from appropriate pairs of transcriptomes before and after hypoxic stress. These included 128 human and 52 murine transcriptome pairs. We classified the results of experiments for each gene into three categories: upregulated, downregulated, and unchanged. Hypoxic transcriptomes were then compared between humans and mice to identify common hypoxia-responsive genes. In addition, meta-analyzed hypoxic transcriptome data were integrated with public ChIP-seq data on the known human HIFs HIF-1 and HIF-2 to provide insights into hypoxia-responsive pathways involving direct transcription factor binding. This study provides a useful resource for hypoxia research. It also demonstrates the potential of a meta-analysis approach to public gene expression databases for selecting candidate genes from gene expression profiles generated under various experimental conditions.
Silver eel downstream migration in fragmented rivers: use of a Bayesian model to track movements triggering and duration★

Obstacles in rivers are considered to be one of the main threats to diadromous fish. As a result of the recent collapse of the European eel, the European Commission introduced a Regulation, requiring to reduce all sources of anthropogenic mortality, including those caused by passing through hydropower turbines. Improving knowledge about migration triggers and processes is crucial to assess and mitigate the impact of obstacles. In our study, we tracked 97 tagged silver eels in a fragmented river situated in the Western France (the River Dronne). Using the movement ecology framework, and implementing a Bayesian state-space model, we confirmed the influence of river discharge on migration triggering and the distance travelled by fish. We also demonstrated that, in our studied area, there is a small window of opportunity for migration. Moreover, we found that obstacles have a significant impact on distance travelled. Combined with the small window, this suggests that assessment of obstacles impact on downstream migration should not be limited to quantifying mortality at hydroelectric facilities, but should also consider the delay induced by obstacles, and its effects on escapement. The study also suggests that temporary turbines shutdown may mitigate the impacts of hydropower facilities in rivers with migration process similar to those observed here.