Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Future runoff regime changes and their time of emergence for 93
catchments in Switzerland

Abstract. Assessments of climate change impacts on runoff regimes are essential for adaptation and mitigation planning. Changing runoff regimes and thus changing seasonal patterns of water availability have strong influence on various sectors such as agriculture, energy production or fishery. In this study, we use the most up to date local climate projections for Switzerland (CH2018) that were downscaled with a post-processing method (quantile mapping). This enables detailed information on changes in runoff regimes and their time of emergence for 93 rivers in Switzerland under three emission pathways RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5. Changes in seasonal patterns are projected with increasing winter runoff and decreasing summer and autumn runoff. Spring runoff is projected to increase in high elevation catchments and to decrease in lower lying catchments. Despite strong increases in winter and partly in spring, the yearly mean runoff is projected to decrease in most catchments. Results show a strong elevation dependence for the signal and magnitude of change. Compared to lower lying catchments, runoff changes in high elevation catchments (above 1500 masl) are larger in winter, spring, and summer due to the strong influence of reduced snow accumulation and earlier snow melt as well as glacier melt. Under RCP8.5 (RCP2.6) and for catchments with mean altitude below 1500 masl, average relative runoff change in winter is +27 % (+5 %), in spring −5 % (−6 %), in summer −31 % (−4 %), in autumn −21 % (−6 %), and −8 % (−4 %) throughout the year. For catchments with mean elevation above 1500 masl, runoff changes on average by +77 % (+24 %) in winter, by +28 % (+16 %) in spring, by −41 % (−9 %) in summer, by −15 % (−4 %) in autumn, and by −9 % (−0.6 %) in the yearly mean. The changes and the climate model agreement on the signal of change increase with increasing global mean temperatures or stronger emission scenarios. This amplification highlights the importance of climate change mitigation. Under RCP8.5, early times of emergence in winter (before 2065; period 2036–2065) and summer (before 2065) were found for catchments with mean altitudes above 1500 masl. Significant changes in catchments below 1500 masl emerge later in the century. However, not all catchments show a time of emergence in all seasons and in some catchments the detected significant changes are not persistent over time.
Quorum Quenching Enzymes and Biofouling Control

Bacterial cell to cell communication strategies called quorum sensing (QS) using small diffusible signaling molecules (auto-inducers) govern the expression of various genes dependent on their population density manner. As a consequence of synthesis and response to the signaling molecules, individual planktonic cells synchronized group behaviors to control a diverse array of phenotypes such as maturation of biofilm, production of extra-polymeric substances (EPS), virulence, bioluminescence and antibiotic production. Many studies indicated that biofilm formations are associated with QS signaling molecules such as acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) mainly used by several Gram negative bacteria. The biofilm maturation causes undesirable biomass accumulation in various surface environments anywhere water is present called biofouling, which results in serious eco-technological problems. Numerous molecules that interfere the bacterial QS called quorum quenching (QQ), have been discovered from various microorganisms, and their functions and mechanisms associated with QS have also been elucidated. To resolve biofouling problems related to various industries, the novel approach based on QS interference has been emerged attenuating multi-drug resisting bacteria appearance and environmental toxicities, which may provide potential advantages over the conventional anti-biofouling approaches. Therefore this paper presents recent information related to bacterial quorum sensing system, quorum quenching enzymes that can control the QS signaling, and lastly discuss the anti-biofouling approaches using the quorum quenching.
Regulatory agencies and creative accounting practices in Nigeria

Regulation and regulatory agencies are to serve as external control mechanisms to ensure that the financial statements provide a fair view of the company’s operating performance and financial position, free of any unethical practice and suitable for all stakeholders’ needs. Despite the increasing importance of regulatory agencies in enforcing compliance with the standards and laws, it occupies a limited space in accounting research. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of regulatory agencies on creative accounting practices. The study used descriptive and survey research design to achieve its aim. It employed a multi-stage sampling technique, also questionnaires were distributed among 405 respondents consisting of preparers of accounts, users of accounts, and regulators. Out of the number distributed, the respondents returned 241 copies, and all of them were found suitable. The study used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to analyze the data and test the hypothesis. The empirical findings showed that the regulatory agencies jointly show a significant impact on creative accounting practices, but the level of contribution to the overall impact by each regulatory agency varies. The study concludes that Nigeria’s regulatory agencies are weak and inefficient in enforcing compliance with the relevant rules. The study recommends that the institutional capacity of the regulatory agencies should be strengthened by enforcing compliance with financial reporting rules and regulation. Most of these agencies should develop capacity in the areas of manpower, information technology infrastructures, and funding. Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge Covenant University who has solely provided the platform for this research and has also fully sponsored the research cluster search for data across the country.
THE AQUARES MODEL: DOES IT HAVE IMPACT ON IMPROVING PERSONAL AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY?

Accidents in swimming pools which involve drowning are more likely to happen in Indonesia. Cases of accidents in swimming pools might indicate that there may be lack of responsibility among the swimmers. Therefore, there is a need to improve this condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the Aquares model developed from Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) theory, on the students’ responsibility in swimming lessons. This study used an experimental method with one group pretest-posttest design. The study population was students of grade four with a sample of 60 students taken through cluster random sampling. The Tool for Assessing Responsibility-Based Education (TARE) was the instrument used to measure personal and social responsibility. The paired sample t-test analysis showed that there is a significant impact of the Aquares model on the increase of the students’ personal and social responsibility. Aspect of the increased responsibility include: respect, participation, self-direction, caring, and role model. The Aquares model applied in this study provides a strong framework for creating a meaningful and responsible environment for learning.
Three-dimensional numerical modelling of railway track with varying air voids content bituminous subballast

The use of bituminous subballast (BS) in railways has gained importance due to structural and geometrical enhancing properties of these infrastructures. Oftentimes, during renovations the paving quality control of bituminous mixtures is compromised due to reduced time span. To verify the effects of significant air voids content variation on the mechanical response of railway tracks, this paper performed a 3-D numerical modelling of a Brazilian railway renovated with BS. First, the BS was characterised in laboratory for model inputs. Then, 3-D numerical models were developed assuming two constitutive behaviour for the BS: linear elastic and linear viscoelastic. An all granular track was also simulated for comparisons. Numerical results were compared with actual instrumented test section. As expected, displacements on foot-of-rail and stresses on the subgrade were reduced when using BS. Moreover, the different air voids content of the bituminous mixture evaluated herein caused low variation in the overall track response. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Ideal teachers according to TALIS: Societal orientations of education and the global diagnosis of teacher self-efficacy

This article explores the link between the OECD TALIS 2013 survey’s framework for defining the ideal teacher and national educational goals by focusing on the teacher self-efficacy items, using cross-country comparisons. Surprisingly, cross-country analysis of the TALIS 2013 data combined with World Value Survey data about Desired Child Qualities demonstrates that the OECD TALIS teacher self-efficacy items are aligned with traditional collectivist educational goals. Thus, the findings indicate that the ideal teacher characteristics embodied in the OECD TALIS 2013 teacher self-efficacy items favour countries that prioritize socialization and culturalization. The implications for theory and practice are discussed herein.
Research on Management of Doctor-Patient Risk and Status of the Perceived Behaviors of Physician Trust in the Patient in China: New Perspective of Management of Doctor-Patient Risk

Based on the situation of physician trust in the patient (PTP), we explored the differences in perceived behaviors of physician trust in the patient (PBPTP). We used the PTP scale as a research tool, taking physicians of the hospitals in Anhui region as the research object to carry out the investigation of PTP, Python software was applied to explore the status of PTP, and the differences of PBPTP distribution rate with different demographic characteristic variables were compared by testing based on theory of planned behavior. We get six results as follows: (1) the overall PTP level was low, and nearly 50% of doctors doubt the integrity of patients. “Patients will not be driven by improper interests” becomes the most reluctant problem or the most distrustful option for doctors. (2) In terms of patients’ participation in disease management and regular follow-up visits, PTP rate in male was higher than that in female (Ps < 0.018). (3) PBPTP was affected by age (Ps < 0.017). (4) In terms of the behavior of patients who did not follow the treatment plans, the PTP rate of postgraduates and above physicians was higher than that of undergraduates and below (P=0.017). (5) In terms of providing diagnosis and treatment information, timely notification of illness, medication information, doctor-patient communication behaviors, and compliance with doctors’ treatment plans, PBPTP was affected by doctors’ professional titles and annual income levels (Ps ≤ 0.001), At the same time, PTP levels of different professional titles showed differences in patients’ respect for doctors’ time and bottom line (Ps ≤ 0.001). (6) In terms of doctor-patient communication behaviors, PBPTP was affected by physician departments (P≤0.001). Hence, demographic characteristics variable may be one of the factors affecting PBPTP, and PBPTP is associated with doctor-patient risk. It makes sense for us to propose a new model of physician-patient risk management from the perspective of PTP about “official-individual-social” triple action.
Contract Farming Problems and Games Under Yield Uncertainty

This study investigates whether a group of independent agricultural producers willingly forms a coalition to jointly cope with yield uncertainty in contract farming. The agricultural producers&#8217; cooperative game problem in contract farming is formulated as a two&#8208;stage stochastic linear program. Using the strong duality theory of stochastic linear programs, we not only prove that the core of agricultural producers&#8217; cooperative game is nonempty but also provide a simple way to compute a profit allocation policy in the core. We establish the convexity of agricultural producers&#8217; cooperative game so that the game has population monotonicity, which gives agricultural producers an incentive to expand their current coalition. We then analyze the agricultural producers&#8217; cooperative game with a concave cost structure, which may exhibit economies of scale for production. Taking advantage of the proposed stochastic duality approach, the agricultural producers&#8217; cooperative game with a concave cost structure is also shown to have a nonempty core.
Morphological re-examination reveals that Campylomyza serrata Jaschhof, 1998 is a complex of five cryptic species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Micromyinae).

Die zur Unterfamilie Micromyinae gehorende Gallmucke Campylomyza serrata wurde vom Autor im Jahre 1998 nach drei Mannchen von einem norddeutschen Fundort beschrieben. Seitdem wurden zahlreiche nachtraglich gesammelte Exemplare aus mehreren europaischen Landern dieser Art zugeordnet und als C. serrata publiziert. Nun, fast 20 Jahre spater, wurden alle diese Exemplare und einige andere aus bislang undeterminiertem Campylomyza-Material in der Sammlung des Autors – insgesamt 56 Mannchen – zusammengezogen und morphologisch nachuntersucht. Im Ergebnis dieser Untersuchung wurde offenbar, dass Campylomyza serrata sensu Jaschhof (1998) ein Komplex aus funf Kryptospezies ist, einschlieslich Campylomyza angulata spec. nov., Campylomyza appendiculata spec. nov., Campylomyza lapponica spec. nov. und Campylomyza zwii spec. nov. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Campylomyza serrata und die ihr nahe verwandten Arten aufgrund von Genitalmerkmalen der Mannchen definiert. Ein Schlussel zur Bestimmung der Mannchen wird vorgelegt, der die genannten Arten und Campylomyza spinata, den sechsten Vertreter der serrata-Gruppe, einbezieht. Schlieslich werden Bestimmungsprobleme diskutiert, wie sie bei der praktischen Arbeit an der serrata-Gruppe (und anderen schwer bestimmbaren Micromyinen) auftreten.StichworterPalearctic region, gall midges, species identification, morphology, DNA barcoding.Nomenklatorische Handlungenangulata Jaschhof, 2015 (Campylomyza), spec. n.appendiculata Jaschhof, 2015 (Campylomyza), spec. n.lapponica Jaschhof, 2015 (Campylomyza), spec. n.zwii Jaschhof, 2015 (Campylomyza), spec. n.
AUTUMN MONITORING OF RESIDENT AVIFAUNA ON GUANA ISLAND, BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS

Although the Caribbean region is considered a biodiversity hotspot and a priority for ecologi- cal conservation efforts, little information exists on population trends of West Indian landbirds. We com- bined avian survey data collected from three studies spanning a 16-year period on a small island with a minimal human presence in the British Virgin Islands. Although abundances varied among surveys, the same species were detected with rare exceptions. Despite stability in species composition, the resident landbirds were variable in their individual detectabilities. Survey detections relatively mirrored net cap- tures for some species, but are quite different for others. We suspect that this is likely due to differences in detectability due to species-specific behaviors mediated by environmental conditions, such as rainfall, during the month or months prior to our surveys. It is difficult to assess the influence of timing or amount of precipitation on bird detections rates among our surveys due to a lack of consistent collection of loca- tion-specific weather data in the British Virgin Islands. Our study suggests monitoring efforts conducted in concert with collection of site-specific climate data would facilitate improved interpretation of survey data and a better understanding of avian species response to climate mediated changes. Accepted 11 November 2013.
Use of Dietary Yeast and its Products in theFeeding Regime of Meat Type Goats

All around the world, sheeps and goats play an important role in small scale farming systems. Goat farming is very beneficial from economic point of view. It provides many products but meat and milk are the major products. Goat meat has low level of calorie, fat and cholesterol so it is a healthy substitute to beef and lamb. Moreover goats also use extensively to provide milk for human consumption. It is easier to digest than cow’s milk because it has smaller fat globules than cow’s milk. In order to support metabolic process all living organisms require essential nutrients, to keep themselves alive so variations in animal diets may improve both the quantity and quality of the final products. In recent years, yeasts are gaining popularity in fattening system as a probiotics. Since yeast is robust with high viability under a range of environmental conditions and can be culture very easily so yeast cultures are more commonly used as a feed supplements in livestock feeding systems. These cultures have positive impact on microbial population in gastrointestinal tract and they increase the beneficial activities associated with these microorganisms that has indirect impact on animal performance. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillusoryza are the most important yeast products and they are very significant for the manipulation of rumen metabolism. It is stated by most of the researchers that yeast culture supplementation has positive impact on carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, feed intake and the growth performance of the goats in cost effective way but on the other hand some of the scientists do not support that results and they concluded that yeast supplementation in the diet of goats and other ruminants do not have any significant influences on animal performance, carcass characteristics and other features. Step by step, this paper will make the detail evaluation of the use of dietary yeast and its product in the feeding regime of meat type goats, impact of yeast on goat physiognomic features such as growth performance, feed efficiency, digestibility and meat quality.
Modelling Chinese grassland systems to improve herder livelihoods and grassland sustainability

Recent degradation of Chinese grasslands has contributed to declining herder productivity and profitability, increased incidence of dust storms and regionally reduced air quality. Overgrazing due to a doubling of stocking rates since the mid-1980s has been identified as a key contributing factor. Several pathways and strategies exist to improve grassland management; however, there remains uncertainty around the long-term sustainability of alternative systems. Nineteen years of grasslands research in China has produced a suite of models designed to improve understanding of grassland systems and investigate options for change. The StageTHREE Sustainable Grasslands Model was used to evaluate the ability of selected strategies to meet economic, production and environmental objectives. Sets of strategies that focussed on flock size, lambing and selling times, supplementary feeding rules and grazing management were simulated for a typical herder located in the desert steppe of Siziwang Banner, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. The results from the risk efficiency analysis indicated that no single strategy set clearly dominates across all objectives. Although the current practice of herders was found to be risk-efficient, it did not achieve the highest rate of grassland recovery, minimise soil erosion or minimise the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity for sheepmeat production. Targeting further improvements in these attributes could be at the detriment of herder livelihoods. The analysis indicated that if herders adopted biomass-based grazing management and improved supplementary feeding they would be able to improve grassland resilience and maintain positive long-term economic performance under reduced flock sizes. Individual decision-making units, however, would still need to trade off the importance of different attributes to identify the strategy set, or system, that best meets their objectives and attitude to risk.
Knowledge of Student Teachers on Sustainable Land Use Issues–Knowledge Types Relevant for Teacher Education

For restructuring educational processes and institutions toward Sustainable Development, teachers’ knowledge and competences are crucial. Due to the high relevance of teachers’ content knowledge, this study aimed to (i) assess Sustainable Development-relevant knowledge by differentiating between situational, conceptual and procedural knowledge, (ii) find out via item response theory modelling how these theoretically distinguished knowledge types can be empirically supported, and (iii) link the knowledge dimension(s) to related constructs. We developed a paper-and-pencil test to assess these three knowledge types (N = 314). A two-dimensional structure that combines situational and conceptual knowledge and that distinguishes situational/conceptual knowledge from procedural knowledge, fits the data best (EAP/PV situational/conceptual: 0.63; EAP/PV procedural: 0.67). Student teachers at master level outperformed bachelor level students in situational/conceptual knowledge but master level students did not differ from students at bachelor level regarding procedural knowledge. We observed only slight correlations between the two knowledge dimensions and the content-related motivational orientations of professional action competence. Student teachers’ deficits in procedural knowledge can be attributed to the small number of Education for Sustainable Development-relevant courses attended. Systematically fostering procedural knowledge in teacher education could promote achieving cognitive learning objectives associated with Sustainable Development Goals in the long term.
A bioassay for prosulfocarb, pyroxasulfone and trifluralin detection and quantification in soil and crop residues

Abstract. Three experiments were conducted to develop a bioassay method for assessing the bioavailability of prosulfocarb, pyroxasulfone and trifluralin in both crop residue and soil. In preliminary experiments, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) were tested as bioassay plant species for the three pre-emergent herbicides. Four growth parameters (shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight) were measured for all plant species. Shoot-length inhibition was identified as the most responsive to the herbicide application rates. Italian ryegrass was the most sensitive species to all tested herbicides, whereas beetroot and cucumber had lower and similar sensitivity to shoot inhibition for the three herbicides. The bioassay species performed similarly in wheat and canola residues collected a few days after harvest. In bioassay calibration experiments, dose–response curves were developed for prosulfocarb, pyroxasulfone and trifluralin in a sandy loam soil typical of the grain belt of Western Australia and with wheat residue. The developed bioassay uses ryegrass shoot inhibition for relatively low suspected concentrations of herbicide, and cucumber shoot inhibition for higher rates. The bioassay was validated by spraying the three herbicides separately onto wheat residue and soil and comparing the concentrations derived from chemical analysis with those from the bioassay. All of the linear correlations between concentrations derived from chemical analyses and the bioassays were highly significant. These results indicate that the bioassay calibration curves are suitable for estimating herbicide concentrations in crop residue collected soon after harvest and a sandy-loam soil, low in organic matter.