Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of Yemenis’ responses and sentiments on social media towards the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic

Recently, many studies have widely dealt with data mining and Text classification, including sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis (SA) is an application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) implemented to understand the public’s attitudes. The recent proliferation of social media has helped gauge the public’s mood. The current study aims to explore the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Yemeni community and generate indices assessing public sentiments and attitudes using lexicon and rule-based approach (VAEDR: Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner) and qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. 8,830 Facebook and YouTube comments were analyzed before and after the declaration of COVID-19 on 10th April 2020 in Yemen. The results revealed that sentiment polarity with and without contextual reference differed significantly. Without contextual reference, neutrality was prevalent and reached 55%; negativity scored 24% while positivity reached 21% before 10th April, but after this date, negativity was dominant and reached 57%, neutrality scored 28%, and positivity scored 15%. With contextual reference, positivity was prevalent and scored 72% before 10th April, but after this date, negativity dominated the public’s mood and reached 78.23%; positivity highly decreased to 18.65%, while neutrality scored 3.12%. The study demonstrated the superiority of SA based on the contextual reference of words.
Exercise across the Lung Cancer Care Continuum: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

Background: Growing evidence supports exercise for people with lung cancer. This overview aimed to summarise exercise intervention efficacy and safety across the care continuum. Methods: Eight databases (including Cochrane and Medline) were searched (inception—February 2022) for systematic reviews of RCTs/quasi-RCTs. Eligibility: population—adults with lung cancer; intervention: exercise (e.g., aerobic, resistance) +/− non-exercise (e.g., nutrition); comparator: usual care/non-exercise; primary outcomes: exercise capacity, physical function, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and post-operative complications. Duplicate, independent title/abstract and full-text screening, data extraction and quality ratings (AMSTAR-2) were completed. Results: Thirty systematic reviews involving between 157 and 2109 participants (n = 6440 total) were included. Most reviews (n = 28) involved surgical participants. Twenty-five reviews performed meta-analyses. The review quality was commonly rated critically low (n = 22) or low (n = 7). Reviews commonly included combinations of aerobic, resistance and/or respiratory exercise interventions. Pre-operative meta-analyses demonstrated that exercise reduces post-operative complications (n = 4/7) and improves exercise capacity (n = 6/6), whilst HRQoL findings were non-significant (n = 3/3). Post-operative meta-analyses reported significant improvements in exercise capacity (n = 2/3) and muscle strength (n = 1/1) and non-significant HRQoL changes (n = 8/10). Interventions delivered to mixed surgical and non-surgical populations improved exercise capacity (n = 3/4), muscle strength (n = 2/2) and HRQoL (n = 3). Meta-analyses of interventions in non-surgical populations demonstrated inconsistent findings. Adverse event rates were low, however, few reviews reported on safety. Conclusions: A large body of evidence supports lung cancer exercise interventions to reduce complications and improve exercise capacity in pre- and post-operative populations. Additional higher-quality research is needed, particularly in the non-surgical population, including subgroup analyses of exercise type and setting.
Examining the influence of shyness on children’s helping and comforting behaviour

Introduction Shy children, who tend to feel anxious around others and withdraw from social interactions, are found to be less prosocial than their not-shy peers in some studies, though not in others. To examine the contexts in which shy children may be more or less likely to engage in prosocial behaviour, we compared children’s willingness and ability to intervene during in-person tasks that differed in socialengagement demands and complexity, factors that have been conflated in past research. Methods We presented 42, 3.5- to 4.5-year-old children with prosocial problems that varied, in a 2 x 2 within-subjects design, by the type of intervention required (i.e., simple helping or complex comforting) and the source of the problem (i.e., social: within the experimenter’s personal space; or object: a target object distanced from her). Results Most of the children acted prosocially, with little prompting, in the two helping tasks and in the object-centered comforting task. In contrast, fewer than half of the children acted prosocially in the social-centered comforting task. Shyer children were not less likely to intervene in any of the four tasks, but they were slower to intervene in the object-centred comforting task, in which the experimenter was upset about a broken toy. Discussion Thus, providing social-centered comfort to a recently-introduced adult is challenging for young children, regardless of shyness, though shy children do show hesitancy with object-centered comforting. Further, these findings provide insights into the methodological challenges of disentangling children’s prosocial motivation and understanding, and we propose solutions to these challenges for future research.
The Macroscopic Behavior of Cumulus Ensembles Simulated by a Cumulus Ensemble Model

Abstract The two-dimensional UCLA cumulus ensemble model (CEM), which covers a large horizontal area with a sufficiently small horizontal grid size, is used in this study. A number of simulation experiments are performed with the CEM to study the macroscopic behavior of cumulus convection under a variety of different large-scale and underlying surface conditions. Specifically, the modulation of cumulus activity by the imposed large-scale processes and the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) budget are investigated in detail. In all simulations, cumulus convection is rather strongly modulated by large-scale advective processes in spite of the existence of some nonmodulated high-frequency fluctuations. The modulation exhibits some phase delays, however, when the basic wind shear is strong. This is presumably associated with the existence of mesoscale convective organization. The EKE budget analysis shows that the net eddy buoyancy generation rate is nearly zero for a wide range of cumulus ensembles.
Adiabatic particle orbits in a magnetic null sheet

The adiabatic theory is presented for charged particles moving in a region where the main component of the magnetic field reverses its direction. The unperturbed field configuration is one-dimensional and involves two regions of uniform and opposite magnetic fields separated by a reversal region of small but finite extent. The adiabatic theory is capable of describing particle orbits when gradual spatial and/or temporal field variations are added to this configuration. Several applications are given. These include orbits during a null-sheet compression, orbits in the sheets studied by Alfven and Speiser, and orbits in the vicinity of the magnetic null line of the so-called field-reconnection geometry.
Biaxially aligned template films fabricated by inclined-substrate deposition for YBCO-coated conductor applications

Inclined substrate deposition (ISD) has the potential for rapid production of high-quality biaxially textured buffer layers, which are important for YBCO-coated conductor applications. We have grown biaxially textured MgO films by ISD at deposition rates of 20 - 100 /spl Aring//sec. Columnar grains with a roof-tile surface structure were observed in the ISD-MgO films. X-ray pole figure analysis revealed that the [002] planes of the ISD-MgO films are tilted at an angle from the substrate normal. A small /spl phi/-scan full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of /spl ap/ 9/spl deg/ was observed on MgO films deposited at an inclination angle of 55/spl deg/. In-plane texture in the ISD MgO films developed in the first 0.5 /spl mu/m from the interface, then stabilized with further increases in film thickness. YBCO films deposited by pulsed laser deposition on ISD-MgO-buffered Hastelloy C276 substrates were biaxially aligned with the c-axis parallel to the substrate normal. T/sub c/ of 91 K with a sharp transition and transport J/sub c/ of 5.5 /spl times/ 10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K in self-field were measured on a YBCO film that was 0.46-/spl mu/m thick, 4-mm wide, 10-mm long.
Contrasting Autoimmune Comorbidities in Microscopic Colitis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) and microscopic colitis (lymphocytic and collagenous colitis) are immune-mediated diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, with distinct pathophysiology. Objective: We sought to compare the prevalence of autoimmune diseases between microscopic colitis (MC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in our patient cohorts in their medical history. Methods: We collected data from 611 patients (508 with IBD, 103 with MC). We recorded cases of other autoimmune diseases. The screened documentation was written in the period between 2008 and 2022. We sought to determine whether colonic involvement had an impact on the prevalence of autoimmune diseases. Results: Ulcerative colitis patients and patients with colonic-predominant Crohn’s disease had a greater propensity for autoimmune conditions across the disease course than patients with ileal-predominant Crohn’s disease. Gluten-related disorders were more common in Crohn’s disease than in ulcerative colitis, and slightly more common than in microscopic colitis. In ulcerative colitis, 10 patients had non-differentiated collagenosis registered, which can later develop into a definite autoimmune disease. Conclusions: Predominantly colonic involvement can be a predisposing factor for developing additional autoimmune disorders in IBD. Ulcerative colitis patients may have laboratory markers of autoimmunity, without fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for definitive autoimmune disorders (non-differentiated collagenosis).
Social media integration: An opportunity for SMEs sustainability

Abstract The changing trend in the circular economy has pushed most firms to be competitive in their business activities using emerging technology. SMEs in recent times are increasingly leveraging technologies such as social media to enhance their interactions with their customers, increase their reach and become competitive. Despite this, SMEs in the manufacturing sector in developing economies are often underexplored in literature in their resolve to leverage social media to improve their performance and sustainability. This research explores the integration of social media in SME manufacturing firms’ activities toward their performance and sustainability in developing countries. Drawing on relevant literature and the social media engagement theory, we employed a questionnaire survey to collect data from 417 managers/staff of SME manufacturing firms in Ghana, using PLS-SEM techniques for the analysis. Research findings revealed that social media integration proved a direct positive correlation with SME manufacturing firms’ performance. Additionally, it was revealed that social media utilization has a positive and significant effect on SME manufacturing firms’ performance. The findings further show that social media usage assists SME firms’ performance and fosters their sustainability. It is concluded that SMEs should incorporate social media marketing strategies for firms’-customer relationships and internal and external collaboration. By implication, this study offers practitioners and researchers knowledge regarding social media integration among SMEs in emerging economies.
A Low-Cost AI-Empowered Stethoscope and a Lightweight Model for Detecting Cardiac and Respiratory Diseases from Lung and Heart Auscultation Sounds

Cardiac and respiratory diseases are the primary causes of health problems. If we can automate anomalous heart and lung sound diagnosis, we can improve the early detection of disease and enable the screening of a wider population than possible with manual screening. We propose a lightweight yet powerful model for simultaneous lung and heart sound diagnosis, which is deployable in an embedded low-cost device and is valuable in remote areas or developing countries where Internet access may not be available. We trained and tested the proposed model with the ICBHI and the Yaseen datasets. The experimental results showed that our 11-class prediction model could achieve 99.94% accuracy, 99.84% precision, 99.89% specificity, 99.66% sensitivity, and 99.72% F1 score. We designed a digital stethoscope (around USD 5) and connected it to a low-cost, single-board-computer Raspberry Pi Zero 2W (around USD 20), on which our pretrained model can be smoothly run. This AI-empowered digital stethoscope is beneficial for anyone in the medical field, as it can automatically provide diagnostic results and produce digital audio records for further analysis.
Nonlinear effects in rare-earth-doped fibers and waveguides

The purpose of the present paper is to report on the activities carried out in our laboratory in the pursuit of a rare-earth element that provides large nonlinearity and fast speed of response. Along the way, we also developed many useful devices based on this nonlinearity. Obviously, the nonlinearity is proportional to the concentration of the rare-earth in the fibre. However, the concentration is limited by the clustering effect. Our experience shows that the concentration for the onset of clustering increases in the following order: Sm, Nd, Yb and then Er. Finally, this paper also reports on the generation of second harmonics (SHG) in germanium/phosphorous/samarium doped planar waveguides.
The Pure Rotational Line Emission of Ortho-Water Vapor in Comets. I. Radiative Transfer Model

We present a numerical model for the simulation of water line emission in cometary coma. The model is based on a spherically symmetric density distribution with a constant expansion velocity (Haser model) and the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code published by Hogerheijde & van der Tak. It includes the seven lowest rotational levels of ortho-water, which are the primarily populated levels in the rotationally cold gas of the coma. We discuss the main excitation mechanisms for ortho-water in the coma and study their relative contribution as a function of distance from the comet nucleus. The model is used to derive the water production rate from observations made with the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite toward comet C/1999 T1 (McNaught-Hartley). They differ from the water production rates derived with an independent model by less than 20% and thus agree within the larger uncertainty due to the limited signal-to-noise ratio of the observations. We give predictions for spectral line observations of H2O and H218O in comets with present and future airborne and space observatories, including ESA's Herschel Space Observatory and the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). These models cover a range of water vapor production rates (1027-1029 s-1) and heliocentric distances (1-3 AU) and demonstrate that water line emission can be easily detected with Herschel.
Experimental Investigations on Aggregate-Aggregate Collisions in the Early Solar Nebula

Abstract Low-velocity aggregate-aggregate collisions play an important role for the developement of aggregate sizes during the first stages of accumulation of solid bodies in the preplanetary nebula. To study such collisions, an experimental setup was developed where two millimeter-sized dust aggregates collide in vacuum with relative velocities between ∼0.15 and ∼4 m sec -1 . The impact parameters of the collisions are arbitrary so that central collisions as well as grazing collisions can be investigated. Two types of aggregates were used, (1) ZrSiO 4 with constituent particle sizes ≤1 μm and 74% porosity and (2) Aerosil 200 (SiO 2 ) with constituent particle sizes ∼12 nm and 97% porosity. The collision experiments were carried out in five narrow velocity windows in the above velocity regime for equal-sized aggregates (ZrSiO 4 (I), Aerosil 200) as well as for aggregates with a mean mass ratio of ∼66 (ZrSiO 4 (II)). Coagulation (i.e., sticking) of the aggregates was not observed. Low-velocity collisions resulted in restitution (i.e., bouncing), and at higher velocities, a transition from restitution to fragmentation was observed at ν ∼ 1 m sec -1 for ZrSiO 4 (I), as well as at ν ∼ 4 m sec -1 for Aerosil 200. For ZrSiO 4 (II), fragmentation at ν ∼ 4 m sec -1 was found in two cases only. Due to the lower transition velocity, the fragmentation of ZrSiO 4 (I) was investigated in more detail. The abundance of smaller fragments increases with increasing velocity and with decreasing impact parameter. At ν ∼ 4 m sec -1 , the fragment numbers follow a power law mass distribution v ( m ) dm ∼ m -9/8 dm . Extrapolation of the fragment mass distribution for catastrophic collisions between equal-sized aggregates were performed using a simple fragmentation model based on the following assumptions: (1) power law mass distribution between the constituent particle mass and the aggregate mass, (2) fragments have constant free surface energies per unit surface area, and (3) impact parameter-dependent efficiency for the transition of kinetic collision energy into free surface energy of the fragments. This model predicts a complete disintegration of the ZrSiO 4 (I) aggregates into their building blocks for collision velocities of ≥50 m sec -1 . For aggregates consisting of van der Waals-bonded constituent particles of 0.1 μm radii, these catastrophic collision velocities are much smaller and are predicted to be ∼3 m sec -1 . These are typical velocities for the preplanetary nebula, so catastrophic fragmentations could be frequent events if aggregates in the solar nebula formed due to weak surface forces.
Joint Video Super-Resolution and Frame Interpolation via Permutation Invariance

We propose a joint super resolution (SR) and frame interpolation framework that can perform both spatial and temporal super resolution. We identify performance variation according to permutation of inputs in video super-resolution and video frame interpolation. We postulate that favorable features extracted from multiple frames should be consistent regardless of input order if the features are optimally complementary for respective frames. With this motivation, we propose a permutation invariant deep architecture that makes use of the multi-frame SR principles by virtue of our order (permutation) invariant network. Specifically, given two adjacent frames, our model employs a permutation invariant convolutional neural network module to extract “complementary” feature representations facilitating both the SR and temporal interpolation tasks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our end-to-end joint method against various combinations of the competing SR and frame interpolation methods on challenging video datasets, and thereby we verify our hypothesis.
Electronic and magnetic properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes filled with iron atoms

We study the electronic and magnetic properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes filled with Fe nanowires through local-spin-density-functional calculations. We find that the magnetic moments of Fe-filled carbon nanotubes for the ferromagnetic state are greatly enhanced due to the reduced coordination number of the Fe atoms on the nanowire surface, compared with bulk Fe. The increase of magnetic moments is more effective for thin nanowires, where the Fe atoms interact very weakly with the nanotube and thus their magnetic properties inside the tube are similar to those for the free-standing nanowires. For thick Fe nanowires, undercoordinated Fe atoms interact more strongly with the carbon nanotube, and thereby the magnetic moments are reduced. The analysis of the densities of states near the Fermi level shows that electron conduction mostly occurs along the Fe wires protected from oxidation by carbon coating. Our calculations suggest that for applications to spin transport devices, it is desirable to form thin Fe wires inside single-wall nanotubes with large diameters.
Recovery of Corneal Innervation after Treatment in Dry Eye Disease: A Confocal Microscopy Study

Purpose: To analyze the changes in corneal innervation by means of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM) in patients diagnosed with Evaporative (EDE) and Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye (ADDE) and treated with a standard treatment for Dry Eye Disease (DED) in combination with Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF). Methods: Eighty-three patients diagnosed with DED were enrolled in this study and included in the EDE or ADDE subtype. The primary variables analyzed were the length, density and number of nerve branches, and the secondary variables were those related to the quantity and stability of the tear film and the subjective response of the patients measured with psychometric questionnaires. Results: The combined treatment therapy with PRGF outperforms the standard treatment therapy in terms of subbasal nerve plexus regeneration, significantly increasing length, number of branches and nerve density, as well as significantly improving the stability of the tear film (p < 0.05 for all of them), and the most significant changes were located in the ADDE subtype. Conclusions: the corneal reinnervation process responds in a different way depending on the treatment prescribed and the subtype of dry eye disease. In vivo confocal microscopy is presented as a powerful technique in the diagnosis and management of neurosensory abnormalities in DED.
Fabrication of Silk Hydrogel Scaffolds with Aligned Porous Structures and Tunable Mechanical Properties

The effectiveness of cell culture and tissue regeneration largely depends on the structural and physiochemical characteristics of tissue-engineering scaffolds. Hydrogels are frequently employed in tissue engineering because of their high-water content and strong biocompatibility, making them the ideal scaffold materials for simulating tissue structures and properties. However, hydrogels created using traditional methods have low mechanical strength and a non-porous structure, which severely restrict their application. Herein, we successfully developed silk fibroin glycidyl methacrylate (SF-GMA) hydrogels with oriented porous structures and substantial toughness through directional freezing (DF) and in situ photo-crosslinking (DF-SF-GMA). The oriented porous structures in the DF-SF-GMA hydrogels were induced by directional ice templates and maintained after photo-crosslinking. The mechanical properties, particularly the toughness, of these scaffolds were enhanced compared to the traditional bulk hydrogels. Interestingly, the DF-SF-GMA hydrogels exhibit fast stress relaxation and variable viscoelasticity. The remarkable biocompatibility of the DF-SF-GMA hydrogels was further demonstrated in cell culture. Accordingly, this work reports a method to prepare tough SF hydrogels with aligned porous structures, which can be extensively applied to cell culture and tissue engineering.