Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 13 UN Life-saving Commodities for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Uganda

Background: Life Saving Commodities (LSC) are medicines, medical devices and health supplies that effectively address leading avoidable causes of death during pregnancy, childbirth and childhood. In 2012 the United Nations put priority on globally promoting 13 priority LSC across the reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) continuum of care. We assessed barriers to demand, access and utilization of these 13 LSC. Methods: This was a mixed methods cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative component was a health facility survey while the qualitative one was community-based. A blend of simple random and purposive sampling was undertaken to recruit study participants in four regions of Uganda. A total of 125 health facilities were surveyed and 513 people interviewed. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was done for quantitative data while the Original Research Article qualitative strand employed thematic analysis. This paper presents descriptive findings on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) pertaining to the 13 LSC. Results: There was a variation in knowledge of LSC. Knowledge on child health commodities (ORS and Zinc) was higher among community members compared to the other commodities which are largely hospital-based (injectable antibiotics, antenatal corticosteroids, chlorhexidine, oxytocin, misoprostol and magnesium sulphate). Although health workers were knowledgeable on most LSC they also demonstrated limited comprehensive knowledge some, particularly those relating to reproductive and newborn health (48% and 42.4% respectively). For instance only 37.6% had comprehensive knowledge on management of preterm labour; only 44.8% health facilities had health workers knowledgeable on use of antenatal corticosteroids for preterm labour and only 30.4% reported to give antibiotics. Perceptions on some commodities, particularly the female condom and emergency contraception, were largely negative and health workers practiced selective recommendation or use. Explanatory factors for this could be traced at individual, household, community, facility and macro levels. Constrained by system-related issues like medicine stock-outs, majority of health workers were improvising and using available alternatives to LSC. Conclusion: The concept “lifesaving commodities” for maternal, newborn and child health was not well understood by both health workers as caregivers and community as service users. As a result they have not been demanded for, made available or utilized as originally intended. Alongside improved LSC availability, their overlooked, complementary nature and efficacy should continuously be emphasized to the various stakeholders for optimum results.
IMPACT OF ETHNOSCIENCE-ENRICHED-INSTRUCTION ON ATTITUDE, RETENTION AND PERFORMANCE IN BASIC SCIENCE AMONG RURAL AND URBAN STUDENTS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION, FACULTY OF EDUCATION, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Statistical infarction: A postmortem of the Cornell Food and Brand Lab pizza publications

We previously reported over 150 inconsistencies in a series of four articles (the “pizza papers”) from the Cornell Food and Brand Lab that described a study of eating habits at an all-you-can-eat pizza buffet. The lab’s initial response led us to investigate more of their work, and our investigation has now identified issues with at least 45 publications from this lab. Perhaps because of the growing media attention, Cornell and the lab have released a statement concerning the pizza papers, which included a response to the inconsistencies, along with data and code. Many of the inconsistencies were identified with the new technique of granularity testing, and this case has the highest density of granularity inconsistencies that we know of. This is also the first time a data set has been made public after granularity concerns were raised, making it a highly suitable case study for showing the accuracy and potential of this technique. It is also important that a third party audit the lab’s response, given the continuing investigation of misconduct and presumably future reports and data releases. Our careful inspection of the data set suggests no evidence of fabrication, but we found the lab’s report confusing, incomplete, and error prone. In addition, we found the number of missing, unusual, and logically impossible responses in the data set highly concerning. Unfortunately, given the unsound theory, poor methodology, questionable data, and countless errors, we find it remarkable that these four papers were published and recommend retraction of all four papers.
Effects of Schematic Chunking on Enhancing Geometry Performance in Students With Math Difficulties and Students at Risk of Math Failure

Schematic chunks denote patterns, schemes, or sophisticated rules and knowledge stored in the long-term memory in the form of chunks. We investigated whether schematic chunking is effective in improving the performance of students with math difficulties (MD) and students at risk of math failure, and how the complexity level of geometry problems and students’ content knowledge moderate the effects of a visual chunking accommodation. A 3 (problem difficulty level) × 2 (plain version/chunking version) ×2 (cheat sheet provided/not provided) mixed design was used. Thirty-three students, including 18 with MD and 15 at risk, were randomly assigned to two groups: A “cheat sheet” of related theorems was provided to one group but not the other. Students in both groups received two versions of a geometry test: (a) a test with a plain figure representation, and (b) a parallel test with coloring and marks that highlighted the elements of a schematic chunk. Results found a main effect of chunking for all participants, and the chunking effect was greater for difficult one-step and multi-step problems than for simple one-step problems. Providing a cheat sheet increased the chunking effects for solving only the difficult one-step problems pertaining to low-frequency theorems for students with MD.
The Effects of Race and Physical Evidence on the Likelihood of Arrest for Homicide

Previous research examining the association between criminal suspect’s race and the likelihood of arrest has produced inconsistent findings. Social scientists remain unsure as to whether Black or White criminal suspects have a higher probability of arrest. Still others find no substantive association between a criminal suspect’s race and the likelihood of arrest. This study contributes to the extant literature by examining the relationship between a criminal suspect’s race and the arrest sanction for the crime of homicide while controlling for the strength of physical evidence linking the criminal suspect to the crime. Although strength of physical evidence against a defendant in a criminal case has been repeatedly shown to be important in determining a variety of criminal justice processing outcomes, it has typically been excluded from research studies examining the arrest decision due to data limitations. Logistic regression results show that Black homicide suspects are not more likely than similarly situated White homicide suspects to be arrested by police. Results also show that Black-on-White homicides are not more apt than other offender–victim racial combinations to culminate in an arrest. Based on these findings, it appears that a homicide suspect’s race does not play a noteworthy role in influencing the likelihood of arrest after accounting for the strength of physical evidence gathered against the criminal suspect in the case.
Environmental risk factors for childhood asthma in a Semi-urban area of Western Tamilnadu

Introduction: Environmental determinants are integral part of etiology, severity and management of asthma. But the association between various indoor and outdoor triggers with pediatric asthma has been inconsistent, complex and variable across the globe. This study was aimed at identifying the environmental risk factors associated with childhood asthma in our region. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study done at Perundurai Medical college hospital, Tamilnadu. After getting Institutional Ethical Committee approval, children in the age group of 2 to 15 years attending the pediatric outpatient department were enrolled in the study. Parents were interviewed with ISAAC questionnaire and history of exposure to various indoor and outdoor triggers was recorded in addition to the basic demographic details and anthropometric indices. Data was analyzed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 500 subjects, 298 (59.6%) were asthmatics and 202 (40.4%) were non-asthmatics. Age group of 6-10 years (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.20- 3.13), male gender (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.47-3.48), overweight/obesity (OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.17-11.66), mould (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.37- 4.32), seasonal variation (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.51-3.79) and outdoor air pollution (OR 6.17, 95% CI 4.00- 9.53) were independently associated with childhood asthma. Passive smoking, type of cooking fuel, absence of smoke outlet, exposure to animals and proximity of house to arterial road were not significantly associated with asthma. Conclusion: Environmental triggers play a significant role in pediatric asthma. Appropriate interventions to mitigate these modifiable risk factors would decrease the burden of the disease substantially.
Brucellosis- A Prominent Bacterial Zoonosis and Strategies for Prevention and Control: A Review

Brucellosis is a major bacterial zoonosis of global, economic and public health significance. The disease has also been reported in recent years from wild and marine mammals and birds. The presence of brucellosis in wild animals, with a potential for continuous transfer to domestic animals and from them to humans is another epidemiological issue. In cattle, B. abortus causes abortion, stillbirth and weak calves with abortions usually occurring during the third trimester of gestation. In goats, B. melitensis can cause abortion, retained placenta, orchitis and epididymitis. Abortions usually occur during the fourth month of gestation in goats. Clinical manifestations of disease in man are weakness, fever, profuse sweating especially in night, loss of weight, generalized body ache etc. Swelling in testes and burning micturition due to orchitis and urethritis, respectively, are also peculiar symptoms of disease in man.
Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays from Helium to Nickel in the Inner Heliosphere

Galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) helium and heavier ions are important sources of space radiation, and their elemental spectra and composition can help us better understand the transport in both the galaxy and the heliosphere. A model based on the numerical solution of Parker’s transport equation is used to study the modulation of GCR helium and heavier ions in the inner heliosphere. The model incorporates a modified Parker heliospheric magnetic field, time-dependent diffusion and drift model, time-delayed heliosphere, and randomly determined solar magnetic polarity during solar maximum. We set the outer boundary of modulation at 85 au, and the reference unmodulated GCR energy spectra for GCR helium and heavier ions, which are assumed to have a general form, are determined by fitting the numerical results to the selected GCR measurements, e.g., BESS, ACE/CRIS, HEAO-3-C2, etc. In addition, we use the Sun’s polar magnetic field data from NSO/NISP to determine the possibility of A > 0 during the recent solar maximum, and it gives an improved numerical result during the period 2013–2015. Finally, the fitted unmodulated GCR energy spectra are used to study the long-term modulation of GCRs of helium and heavier ions, and the computed results show good agreement with various GCR measurements.
Attachment styles and job performance in the hospitality industry: the mediating role of general self-efficacy

Abstract This study analyzes the effects of anxiety and avoidance attachment styles on job performance and the mediating role of general self-efficacy. The study population is composed of top- and mid-level hotel managers in Turkey. While the anxiety attachment style is found to have a negative effect on job performance, the avoidance attachment style is not found to have any significant effect on job performance. Anxiety/avoidance attachments are determined to have a negative effect on general self-efficacy. In addition, it reveals that anxiety/avoidance attachment styles have an indirect effect on job performance through self-efficacy.
Recurrent Incidence of Marek’s Disease in Native Breed Chickens

The present paper is a report on outbreak of visceral (acute) form of Marek’s disease (MD) in 12 week-old non-descriptive chickens reared for meat purpose on two occasions in two different flocks. Economic losses due to visceral form of MD caused by very virulent MD virus are very huge due to mortality despite preventive vaccination carried out at hatch. Chickens of native breeds are believed to be resistant for various diseases including MD. Desi chicken flock comprising 2000 birds which was not vaccinated showed sudden mortality upto four to five birds a day after 12 weeks of age on both occasions. Gross and histopathological lesions were suggestive of MD and nucleic acid of serotype 1 of MD virus was identified by PCR. It can be concluded that resistance expressed by native breeds of chicken to various diseases could be compromised even if they are properly housed. It is recommended to administer bivalent vaccination at hatch together with biosecurity at farm for prevention of MD in desi chickens. Such occurrences also underline the need of adoption of ‘all-in-all-out’ system of management for effective disease prevention in desi chickens.
Outcomes of HIV-1-positive children with pneumonia admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit: A retrospective review

Introduction . The outcomes of HIV-positive children with pneumonia, who require intensive care, have been poor. Advances in intensive care support for end-organ dysfunction, treatment of the primary disease and opportunistic infections could improve this outcome. Objectives . To evaluate the incidence and outcome according to HIV status. Methods . A retrospective chart review of the electronic dataset of children with pneumonia admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa was undertaken. Data on the use of ganciclovir, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) on outcome were also evaluated. Results . Of the 405 children with pneumonia admitted to the PICU during 2010, 77 (19%) were HIV-1-positive, and 261 (64.4%) were HIV-negative. The mortality rate among the two groups was similar (22.1% v. 15.3% ( p =0.27), respectively). Among the HIV-positive cases, cytomegalovirus (CMV) was isolated in 39 (50.7%) cases, of which 18 (46.2%) required HFOV. Among the children who were treated with ganciclovir and cART, the survival rate was 90%. In HIV-positive children with CMV-associated pneumonia who received cART with ganciclovir therapy, the survival rate was 92.3%. Conclusion . HIV-1-positive children with pneumonia requiring intensive care had a similar outcome to HIV-negative children with pneumonia. HIV-1-positive children with CMV-associated pneumonia on ganciclovir, cART, and HFOV have improved outcomes in comparison to previous studies.
An in vitro quantitative systems pharmacology approach for deconvolving mechanisms of drug-induced, multilineage cytopenias

Myelosuppression is one of the most common and severe adverse events associated with anti-cancer therapies and can be a source of drug attrition. Current mathematical modeling methods for assessing cytopenia risk rely on indirect measurements of drug effects and primarily focus on single lineage responses to drugs. However, anti-cancer therapies have diverse mechanisms with varying degrees of effect across hematopoietic lineages. To improve predictive understanding of drug-induced myelosuppression, we developed a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model of hematopoiesis in vitro for quantifying the effects of anti-cancer agents on multiple hematopoietic cell lineages. We calibrated the system parameters of the model to cell kinetics data without treatment and then validated the model by showing that the inferred mechanisms of anti-proliferation and/or cell-killing are consistent with the published mechanisms for three classes of drugs with different mechanisms of action. Using a set of compounds as a sample set, we then analyzed novel compounds to predict their mechanisms and magnitude of myelosuppression. Further, these quantitative mechanisms are valuable for the development of translational in vivo models to predict clinical cytopenia effects. Author Summary Reduced bone marrow activity and levels of mature blood cells is an undesirable side effect of many anti-cancer therapies. Selecting promising lead compounds for further development requires understanding of potential myelosuppressive effects. However, existing preclinical experiments and modeling formulations fail to consider drug effects on multiple blood cell types or the mechanistic differences between how drugs induced myelosuppression. Here we developed a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model that estimates a drug candidate’s effect on multiple precursor and mature blood cell lineages and further distinguishes how the drug affects these populations - through cell-killing or anti-proliferation mechanisms. This modeling formalism is valuable for vetting compounds for therapeutic development and for further translational modeling to anticipate the clinical effects of compounds.
Campaniforme o no Campaniforme: una perspectiva sobre las cerámicas ‘pellizcadas’ en vasos con perfil en ‘s’ del Calcolítico en la Península Ibérica

El fenomeno campaniforme se entiende como la suma de varias respuestas regionales. Estas se diluyen en una realidad con diversas caracteristicas compartidas. Sin embargo, y aunque sea una de las expresiones mas estudiadas de la Prehistoria Reciente europea, aun no se comprenden adaptaciones mas especificas. Este es el caso de los motivos ‘pellizcados’, que, debido a su escasez, pasan desapercibidos en la Peninsula Iberica. A pesar de ello, se puede destacar una muestra reducida de estos motivos –bastante estandarizados– en contextos funerarios concentrados en sitios arqueologicos que datan del ultimo trimestre del iii milenio a. C. , en un preciso periodo de transicion en la forma de vida de los grupos humanos peninsulares. A esto se suma una importante regresion en la capacidad comunicativa de los recipientes, al mismo tiempo que aparecen vinculos claros con otros contextos campaniformes europeos, lo que parece reforzar la hipotesis de que este estilo de gran escala debe entenderse como otro agente en los procesos de conformacion de una identidad social que estaba en curso en la transicion a comienzos de la Edad de Bronce peninsular.
I am who I am
 : Sharing photos on social media by older consumers and its influence on subjective well‐being

We are faced with an ageing population whose longer lives need to be lived well. Extant marketing scholarship has largely neglected older consumers’ behavior in relation to the social media realm and its influence on well-being. This two-stage qualitative study investigates subjective well-being, exploring whether and how sharing photos on social media increases the dimensions of self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. The findings indicate that photo-sharing is a powerful behavior in augmenting older consumers’ well-being as it enables individual self-reflection, self-representation and transforms the individual experience into a collective one. Contributions include; that photo-sharing acts as a bridge in creating, reinforcing but also breaking bonds among older consumers, also a tension exists between the desire for autonomy and the need for relationships with others, and finally that the digital self exists as a component of subjective well-being in older consumers.
Moisture Conservation and Nutrient Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Plant nutrients and soil moisture are considered some of the most important factors affecting physiological characters and grain yield of maize. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at UBKV, Cooch Behar, West Bengal during 2013 and 2014 to study the effects of moisture conservation and nutrient management practices on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in a split –plot design with three replications. Four levels of moisture conservation practices M0: without irrigation and without mulch, M1: irrigation as and when required, M2: dry weed biomass mulch @5.0 t ha -1 M3: FYM mulch @ 5.0 t ha -1 were assigned to main plots and four levels of nutrient management N1: 100% RDF 80:40:40 kg ha-1 of N:P2O5: K2O N2:100% RDF + phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter N3:75% RDF+ PSB + Azotobacter + vermicompost (VC) @ 5.0 t ha-1 and N4:50% RDF + PSB + Azotobacter + 50% vermicompost @ 2.5t ha-1 for sub plot. Among the moisture conservation practices, application of irrigation recorded the highest growth, yield attributes, yield and harvest index followed by FYM mulch and dry weed bio-mass mulch. Similarly, N, P and K uptake of maize was recorded highest under irrigation followed by FYM mulch; dry weed bio mass mulch and lowest N, P and K uptake were recorded under without irrigation and mulch. Among the nutrient management practices the highest growth, yield attributes, yield, harvest index and N, P & K uptake were recorded under 75% RDF + PSB + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t ha-1 followed by 100% RDF + PSB+ Azotobacter & 100% RDF and lowest were recorded under 50% RDF + PSB + Azotobacter + 50% vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 . Likewise, maximum benefits were recorded under 75% RDF + PSB+ Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t ha-1 and lowest net return and return per rupee invested were recorded under 50% RDF + PSB + Azotobacter + 50% vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1. From this study, maize grown with irrigation and supplied with 75% RDF + PSB + Azotobacter + vermicompost @ 5.0 t ha-1 is found the best for obtaining overall gain on a sustainable basis. Current Agriculture Research Journal www.agriculturejournal. org ISSN: 2347-4688, Vol. 7, No.(3) 2019, pg. 390-407 CONTACT Binoy Chhetri yonib2050@gmail.com Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Human Ecology, Program in Science Learning, 59 Lipman Drive, Waller Hall 104, New Brunswick, USA. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Enviro Research Publishers. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons license: Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY). Doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.12944/CARJ.7. 3.15 Article History Received: 25 June 2019 Accepted: 25 November 2019