Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The hybrid model of autoregressive integrated moving average and fuzzy time series Markov chain on long-memory data

Introduction The price of crude oil as an essential commodity in the world economy shows a pattern and identifies the component factors that influence it in the short and long term. The long pattern of the price movement of crude oil is identified by a fractionally time series model where the accuracy can still be improved by making a hybrid residual model using a fuzzy time series approach. Methods Time series data containing long-memory elements can be modified into a stationary model through the autoregressive fractional integrated moving average (ARFIMA). This fractional model can provide better accuracy on long-memory data than the classic autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. The long-memory data are indicated by a high level of fluctuation and the autocorrelation value between lags that decreases slowly. However, a more accurate model is proposed as a hybridization time series model with fuzzy time series Markov chain (FTSMC). Results The time series data collected from the monthly period of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil price as the standard for world oil prices for the 2003–2021 time period. The data of WTI oil price has a long-memory data pattern to be modeled fractionally, and subsequently their hybrids. The times series model of crude oil price is obtained as the new target model of hybrid ARIMA and ARFIMA with FTSMC, denoted as ARIMA-FTSMC and ARFIMA-FTSMC, respectively. Discussion The accuracy model measured by MAE, RMSE, and MAPE shows that the hybrid model of ARIMA-FTSMC has better performance than ARIMA and ARFIMA, but the hybrid model of ARFIMA-FTSMC provides the best accuracy compared to all models. The superiority of the hybrid time series model of ARFIMA-FTSMC on long-memory data provides an opportunity for the hybrid model as the best and more precise forecasting method.
Approach to the child with fatigue: A focus for the general pediatrician

Background Fatigue is a common, nonspecific complaint commonly used to describe various conditions, ranging from a vague, subjective sense of weariness to muscular weakness, fatigability, exercise intolerance or excessive daytime somnolence. Despite its high frequency in the general population, literature addressing the approach to the child with fatigue from a general pediatrician perspective is poor. We herein propose a review of the available evidence on the topic, providing a practical framework to assist physicians in dealing with the issue. Methods Data were identified by searches of MEDLINE, UpToDate, Google Scholar and references from relevant articles. Articles published between 1990 and 2021 were considered, prioritizing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Then, an empirically-based model of approaching the tired child was proposed according to our center experience. Results To correctly characterize the meaning of fatigue reporting, specific clues from history and physical examination should be emphasized. Duration, severity, and the age at onset are to be considered. Then, specific queries about everyday activities, sleep hygiene and social domain could be useful in reaching a specific diagnosis and offering an appropriate treatment. Conclusions We suggest a pragmatic approach to fatigue in children based on age assessment, targeted questions, physical examination clues, and some laboratory first-level tests. This could provide pediatricians with a useful tool to discriminate the broad etiology of such a complaint, disentangling between psychological and organic causes. Further studies are needed to investigate the predictive value, specificity and sensitivity of this diagnostic workflow in managing the child with fatigue.
On the optimal cathode catalyst layer for polymer electrolyte fuel cells: Bimodal pore size distributions with functionalized microstructures

A high advancement has been achieved in the design of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) since the development of thin-film catalyst layers (CLs). However, the progress has slowed down in the last decade due to the difficulty in reducing Pt loading, especially at the cathode side, while preserving high stack performance. This situation poses a barrier to the widespread commercialization of fuel cell vehicles, where high performance and durability are needed at a reduced cost. Exploring the technology limits is necessary to adopt successful strategies that can allow the development of improved PEMFCs for the automotive industry. In this work, a numerical model of an optimized cathode CL is presented, which combines a multiscale formulation of mass and charge transport at the nanoscale ( ∼ 10 n m ) and at the layer scale ( ∼ 1 μ m ) . The effect of exterior oxygen and ohmic transport resistances are incorporated through mixed boundary conditions. The optimized CL features a vertically aligned geometry of equally spaced ionomer pillars, which are covered by a thin nanoporous electron-conductive shell. The interior surface of cylindrical nanopores is catalyzed with a Pt skin (atomic thickness), so that triple phase points are provided by liquid water. The results show the need to develop thin CLs with bimodal pore size distributions and functionalized microstructures to maximize the utilization of water-filled nanopores in which oxygen transport is facilitated compared with ionomer thin films. Proton transport across the CL must be assisted by low-tortuosity ionomer regions, which provide highways for proton transport. Large secondary pores are beneficial to facilitate oxygen distribution and water removal. Ultimate targets set by the U.S. Department of Energy and other governments can be achieved by an optimization of the CL microstructure with a high electrochemical surface area, a reduction of the oxygen transport resistance from the channel to the CL, and an increase of the catalyst activity (or maintaining a similar activity with Pt alloys). Carbon-free supports (e.g., polymer or metal) are preferred to avoid corrosion and enlarge durability.
Dyslexia and dysgraphia of primary progressive aphasia in Chinese: A systematic review

Introduction Currently, little is known about Chinese-speaking primary progressive aphasia (PPA) patients compared to patients who speak Indo-European languages. We examined the demographics and clinical manifestations, particularly reading and writing characteristics, of Chinese patients with PPA over the last two decades to establish a comprehensive profile and improve diagnosis and care. Methods We reviewed the demographic features, clinical manifestations, and radiological features of Chinese-speaking PPA patients from 56 articles published since 1994. We then summarized the specific reading and writing errors of Chinese-speaking patients. Results The average age of onset for Chinese-speaking patients was in their early 60's, and there were slightly more male patients than female patients. The core symptoms and images of Chinese-speaking patients were similar to those of patients who speak Indo-European languages. Reading and writing error patterns differed due to Chinese's distinct tone and orthography. The types of reading errors reported in Chinese-speaking patients with PPA included tonal errors, regularization errors, visually related errors, semantic errors, phonological errors, unrelated errors, and non-response. Among these errors, regularization errors were the most common in semantic variant PPA, and tonal errors were specific to Chinese. Writing errors mainly consisted of non-character errors (stroke, radical/component, visual, pictograph, dyskinetic errors, and spatial errors), phonologically plausible errors, orthographically similar errors, semantic errors, compound word errors, sequence errors, unrelated errors, and non-response. Conclusion This paper provides the latest comprehensive demographic information and unique presentations on the reading and writing of Chinese-speaking patients with PPA. More detailed studies are needed to address the frequency of errors in reading and writing and their anatomical substrates.
Observation of laser vortex solitons in a self-focusing semiconductor laser

We report the observation of single and multiple vortex solitons in a self-focusing dissipative system, a broad-area vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with frequency-selective feedback by a volume Bragg grating. They are bistable and the transitions between different soliton structures are analysed. The observations qualitatively verify theoretical predictions based on simplified models for a semiconductor laser with frequency-selective feedback.
Assessing the feasibility of using the heat demand-outdoor temperature function for a long-term district heat demand forecast

District heating networks are commonly addressed in the literature as one of the most effective solutions for decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. These systems require high investments which are returned through the heat sales. Due to the changed climate conditions and building renovation policies, heat demand in the future could decrease, prolonging the investment return period. The main scope of this paper is to assess the feasibility of using the heat demand – outdoor temperature function for heat demand forecast. The district of Alvalade, located in Lisbon (Portugal), was used as a case study. The district is consisted of 665 buildings that vary in both construction period and typology. Three weather scenarios (low, medium, high) and three district renovation scenarios were developed (shallow, intermediate, deep). To estimate the error, obtained heat demand values were compared with results from a dynamic heat demand model, previously developed and validated by the authors. The results showed that when only weather change is considered, the margin of error could be acceptable for some applications (the error in annual demand was lower than 20% for all weather scenarios considered). However, after introducing renovation scenarios, the error value increased up to 59.5% (depending on the weather and renovation scenarios combination considered). The value of slope coefficient increased on average within the range of 3.8% up to 8% per decade, that corresponds to the decrease in the number of heating hours of 22-139h during the heating season (depending on the combination of weather and renovation scenarios considered). On the other hand, function intercept increased for 7.8-12.7% per decade (depending on the coupled scenarios). The values suggested could be used to modify the function parameters for the scenarios considered, and improve the accuracy of heat demand estimations.
Splitting techniques for the pseudospectral approximation of the unsteady Stokes equations

A pseudospectral (or collocation) approximation of the unsteady Stokes equations is considered. Using the Uzawa algorithm, the spectral system is decoupled into a Helmholtz equation and an equation with a pseudo-Laplace operator. It is proven that the eigenvalues of the pseudo-Laplacian are real and negative (except one zero eigenvalue belonging to the constant mode). The pseudospectral method avoids spurious modes since the pressure is approximated with lower order (two degrees lower) polynomials than the velocity. Only one grid (no staggered grids! ) with the standard Chebyshev Gauss–Lobatto nodes is used for discretization. For the iterative solution of the spectral system, an effective preconditioner is necessary. Here effective finite difference preconditioners for the spectral pseudo-Laplacian are presented.
Spatial Shrinkage Estimation of Diffusion Tensors on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Data

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), based on the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data acquired from magnetic resonance experiments, has been widely used to analyze the physical structure of white-matter fibers in the human brain in vivo. The raw DWI data, however, carry noise; this contaminates the diffusion tensor (DT) estimates and introduces systematic bias into the induced eigenvalues. These bias components affect the effectiveness of fiber-tracking algorithms. In this article, we propose a two-stage spatial shrinkage estimation (SpSkE) procedure to accommodate the spatial information carried in DWI data in DT estimation and to reduce the bias components in the corresponding derived eigenvalues. To this end, in the framework of the heteroscedastic linear model, SpSkE incorporates L 1-type penalization and the locally weighted least-square function. The theoretical properties of SpSkE are explored. The effectiveness of SpSkE is further illustrated by simulation and real-data examples. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
EQUILIBRIUM PROPERTIES OF A HYSTERESIS DIMER MOLECULE FROM MD SIMULATIONS USING TWO-BODY POTENTIALS.

Recent experiments indicate that electromagnetic hysteresis behavior can be exhibited at the molecular level.A MD simulation using 2-body potentials and switches to form and break bonds is implemented to determine whether chemical reaction pathways might also exhibit analogous behavior whilst preserving conventional thermodynamical outcomes. The results of various common thermodynamical and kinetic properties are presented, where no unusual thermodynamics is observed. A potential switching technique circumvents the problem of computer intensive three-body calculations which makes this model particularly suitable for numerical investigations in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium states . A new algorithm for the conservation of energy and momentum is incorporated. The thermodynamical parameters determined include the standard free energy, enthalpy and entropy, the activity coefficient ratios, the equilibrium constant and the many energy distribution functions of the molecule, all of which are compared to the Maxwell distribution function. The results do not support recent MNET theories nor the principle of local equilibrium as fundamental principles. A non-cosine dependent rotational variable is suggested for first order relaxation processes. A revision of time reversibility concepts is suggested.
ℒ-invariants and Shimura curves

In earlier work, the second named author described how to extract Darmon-style L-invariants from modular forms on Shimura curves that are special at p. In this paper, we show that these L-invariants are preserved by the Jacquet‐Langlands correspondence. As a consequence, we prove the second named author’s period conjecture in the case where the base field is Q. As a further application of our methods, we use integrals of Hida families to describe Stark‐Heegner points in terms of a certain Abel‐Jacobi map.
Transient dynamics of on-line learning in two-layered neural networks

The dynamics of on-line learning in neural networks with continuous units is dominated by plateaux in the time dependence of the generalization error. Using tools from statistical mechanics, we show for a soft committee machine the existence of several fixed points of the dynamics of learning that give rise to complicated behaviour, such as cascade- like runs through different plateaux with a decreasing value of the corresponding generalization error. We find learning-rate-dependent phenomena, such as splitting and disappearing of fixed points of the equations of motion. The dependence of plateau lengths on the initial conditions is described analytically and simulations confirm the results.
Theoretical calculations on the linewidths of rovibrational levels of the 3d Rydberg states of BeH and BeD

Rovibrational levels and widths of the positive parity 3d electronic states of BeH and BeD are calculated by a multi-state complex scaling method. Ab initio adiabatic potential energy curves of all n = 3 Rydberg states and the valence state C 2+, along with their mutual couplings (radial between states of the same symmetry and rotational-electronic between states differing in by one) have been included in the calculations. The results of the seven-state calculations show extensive predissociation of the levels of all the n = 3 2+ states in both BeH and BeD. The positive parity 3p (B 2+) and 3d (D 2+ and 1 2+) Rydberg states are also predissociated to differing extent, depending on the vibrational and rotational level. Significant mixing is found among the 3d states, as expected, but also between the levels of 1 2 v = 0 and those of B 2 v = 2 in BeH, which in the present calculations are found to be in near coincidence.
First-principles study of lattice dynamics and diffusion in DO 3 -type Fe 3 Si

The collective and single-particle dynamics in the intermetallic compound ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}\mathrm{Si}$ with the ${\mathrm{DO}}_{3}$ structure have been investigated using first-principles density-functional calculations in combination with statistical mechanics in the grand-canonical ensemble. The dispersion relations and the density of states of phonons have been calculated using a direct force-constant approach based on analytic Hellmann-Feynman forces. The defect formation parameters $\ensuremath{\Delta}{ϵ}_{\mathrm{D}}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{V}_{\mathrm{D}}$ describing the change in energy and volume on removing an atom from the system $(\mathrm{D}=\text{vacancy})$ or on substituting an atom by another atomic species ($\mathrm{D}=\text{antistructure}$ defect) have been determined by total-energy calculations on large supercells. With this information, the grand-canonical potential is calculated as a function of the defect concentrations. Minimization of this potential with respect to the defect concentrations, together with the Gibbs-Duhem relation and the condition of particle-number conservation at fixed composition, determines the effective defect formation enthalpies and volumes. Defect migration enthalpies have been derived from transition states determined using the nudged-elastic-band method. All calculations are based on large 128-atom supercells, as required by the long-range nature of interatomic forces in intermetallic compounds. Phonon dispersion relations and defect formation enthalpies are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The analysis of the defect formation and migration enthalpies explains the pronounced asymmetry between Fe and Si diffusion characteristic of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}\mathrm{Si}$ and leads to a convincing atomistic scenario for the diffusion events.
The afterglow of verb movement

This paper brings together recent findings concerning verb movement in Scandinavian. Three conclusions are drawn. (i) It is possible to distinguish three different types of verb movement. (ii) Each of the three verb movements targets a separate domain of the clause. (iii) Proposals concerning triggers/correlates of verb movement need revision (the Rich Agreement Hypothesis for V-to-I and the Assertion Hypothesis for V2).
Temperature induced polytype conversion in cubic silicon carbide studied by Raman spectroscopy

In this paper, we study the polytype transformation of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) by micro Raman spectroscopy. Two sets of samples are investigated. First, physical vapor transport (PVT) grown samples, grown on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) substrates at growth temperatures between 1800 and 1950°C. The microscopic images of the cross sections and the Raman spectra taken on these grown crystals show a growing fraction of 6H-SiC inclusions with increasing growth temperature. To decide whether these polytype inclusions are induced by the PVT growth process or by the temperature treatment of the CVD substrates, we studied the temperature induced polytype coversion of cubic CVD substrates grown on undulant Si(100) surfaces which were used as seed crystals for the PVT growth. The CVD substrates were annealed in the temperature range between 1700 and 2100°C. The results of this annealing series are similar to the results we find in the PVT grown samples. Therefore we argue that the polytype conversion is n.
Buccal Fat Pad Removal and Masseter Muscle Botox for Improving Facial Aesthetic: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

Introduction: Masseter muscle hypertrophy can cause a prominent mandibular angle, which results in an unaesthetic lower face contour. Botox injection is a minimally invasive procedure compared to conventional surgery and is safe and easy to handle. Patients often request an aesthetic alteration by surgical procedures or masseter muscle injections to attain an aesthetic facial contour. While aesthetic surgery can reshape the lower face contour, numerous patients still choose a minimally invasive therapeutic approach. Aim: This study aims to review published articles that discussed the effect of buccal fat pad removal versus masseter muscle Botox for improving facial aesthetics. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed from multiple databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The most eligible articles were included using specific keywords. The literature search was limited to full-text English articles, which were screened for eligibility by two reviewers. Results and Discussion: Six studies were included in our study, these studies demonstrated that aesthetic results were improved in all discussed clinical trials. However, more clinical trials are needed for fat pad removal surgery trials. Conclusion: Our study showed that masseter muscle Botox injection can improve overall facial aesthetic appearance. However, more clinical trials are needed for buccal fat
Antidermatophyte activity of ethanolic extracts of Daniellia oliveri (Fabaceae) and Parinari curatellifolia (Chrysobalanaceae) in Chad

Introduction: Skin health disease is still a public health problem. Concerning this situation, the study was conducted with the objective of enhancing the Chadian pharmacopoeia medicinal plants of Daniellia oliveri , Parinari curatellifolia who traditionally used in the treatment of fungal diseases particular dermatophytosis. Methods: The agar incorporation method was used to determine the antidermatophyte activity of the ethanolic extracts of the barks of Daniellia oliveri and Parinari curatellifolia . In addition, a phytochemical study was carried out to link the structure to the activity. Results: The phytochemical results revealed that the ethanolic extracts of the barks of Daniellia oliveri and Parinari curatellifolia are richer in secondary metabolites (flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, alkaloids, saponosides, glycosides, anthraquinones and free quinones). These ethanolic extracts of the barks of Daniellia oliveri and Parinari curatellifolia rich in secondary metabolites inhibited the growth of dermatophytes isolated from patients, for Trichophyton Schoenleinii, at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.75 mg/ml and Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis at the same MIC of 1.5 mg/ml. Conclusion: From this study, the bioactivity compounds highlighted that these plants could be a possible source for phytomedicinal developing against fungal infections (Dermatophytoses).