Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stratospheric aerosol layer perturbation caused by the 2019 Raikoke and Ulawun eruptions and their radiative forcing

Abstract. In June 2019 a stratospheric eruption occurred at Raikoke (48 ∘ N, 153 ∘ E). Satellite observations show the injection of ash and SO2 into the lower stratosphere and an early entrainment of the plume into a cyclone. Following the Raikoke eruption, stratospheric aerosol optical depth (sAOD) values increased in the whole Northern Hemisphere and tropics and remained enhanced for more than 1 year, with peak values at 0.040 (short-wavelength, high northern latitudes) to 0.025 (short-wavelength, Northern Hemisphere average). Discrepancies between observations and global model simulations indicate that ash may have influenced the extent and evolution of the sAOD. Top of the atmosphere radiative forcings are estimated at values between −0.3 and - 0.4 W m - 2 (clear-sky) and of −0.1 to - 0.2 W m - 2 (all-sky), comparable to what was estimated for the Sarychev eruption in 2009. Almost simultaneously two significantly smaller stratospheric eruptions occurred at Ulawun (5 ∘ S, 151 ∘ E) in June and August. Aerosol enhancements from the Ulawun eruptions mainly had an impact on the tropics and Southern Hemisphere. The Ulawun plume circled the Earth within 1 month in the tropics. Peak shorter-wavelength sAOD values at 0.01 are found in the tropics following the Ulawun eruptions and a radiative forcing not exceeding −0.15 (clear-sky) and −0.05 (all-sky). Compared to the Canadian fires (2017), Ambae eruption (2018), Ulawun (2019) and the Australian fires (2019/2020), the highest sAOD and radiative forcing values are found for the Raikoke eruption.
International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) Coding System, Language for Oncology Implications and Update at Orthopaedic Oncology

SUMMARY The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O), created by the World Health Organ-isation (WHO), is used as a common language among clinicians and researchers. It is regularly updated depending on most recent studies; new codes are added or older ones are revised due to our better understanding of tumour biology and genetics. This review gives a brief explanation and updates of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O), especially for the orthopaedic codes, at the most recent 3 rd edition and 3 rd edition first revision of ICD-O and Turkish version of ICD-O.
Farmers Profile and Characterization of Sheep and Goat Dairy Chain in Northwestern Greece

The aim of the present study, conducted under the ERA-NET ARIMNet2 Project (Agricultural Research in the Mediterranean Network), was to analyze the sheep and goat dairy sector and assess the quality and safety of milk at various stages of the dairy supply chain. The study took place in the north-west part of Greece; 52 farms, one milk collection center, and eight dairy processing companies participated. The results revealed that all farms had access to water and electricity, the majority of them had a license to operate, used non-organic milk, and employed family members. The price of milk was fairly unstable throughout the year. Two major dairy companies produced all year round while others seasonally. Products were sold in retail, wholesale, company-owned stores, and even by door-to-door delivery service. The analyzed milk samples were of good quality and safety. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis revealed the farmers’ determination to continue working in the sector despite milk prices and problems due to the shortage of cash. Local sheep and goat breeds may further be used due to the fact of their good adaptation to the environmental conditions. The future of the Greek dairy chain is promising despite high competition within and outside of the European Union.
The distribution of a group of keystone species is not associated with anthropogenic habitat disturbance

Red wood ants (Formica rufa group) mitigate invertebrate pest outbreaks, alter invertebrate communities, and contribute to nutrient cycling. The IUCN lists these insects as near threatened. We investigated whether disturbances of Red Wood Ant (RWA) forest habitats related to recreation, infrastructure, and forest management were associated with RWA occurrence. We also investigated the habitat associations of this group.
A Gradient Estimate Related Fractional Maximal Operators for a $p$-Laplace Problem in Morrey Spaces

In the present paper, we deal with the global regularity estimates for the $p$-Laplace equations with data in divergence form \[ \operatorname{div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2} \nabla u) = \operatorname{div}(|F|^{p-2} F) \quad \textrm{in $\Omega$}, \] in Morrey spaces with natural data $F \in L^p(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^n)$ and nonhomogeneous boundary data belongs to $W^{1,p}(\Omega)$. Motivated by the work of [M. -P. Tran, T. -N. Nguyen, New gradient estimates for solutions to quasilinear divergence form elliptic equations with general Dirichlet boundary data, J. Differential Equations 268 (2020), no. 4, 1427-1462], this paper extends that of global Lorentz--Morrey gradient estimates in which the ‘good-$\lambda$’ technique was undertaken for a class of more general equations, and further, global regularity of weak solutions will be given in terms of fractional maximal operators.
Level of Practice of Safety Precautions against COVID 19 among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal clinics in Central Hospital Benin, Benin City in Nigeria

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has assumed a global health concern since the first case was recorded in Wuhan community China in December 2019. The objective of this paper is to report the level of practice of safety precautions against COVID 19 among pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinics in Central Hospital Benin, Benin City in Nigeria. A self- administered questionnaire on the level of practice of safety precautions against covid19 infection was administered to a total of 420 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in central Hospital Benin City for Data collection. The results showed that two hundred and four (48.6%) of the respondents reported that they have recently avoided crowded places. Three hundred and seventy two (88.6%) reported recently wearing mask whenever they left home. Three hundred and twenty four (77.1%) of the respondents had good practice of safety precautions against COVID19. The study showed a good practice of safety precautions against COVID19 and this was influenced by the women’s level of education, occupation and knowledge of COVID-19. However, there is still the need to improve the knowledge of the women attending antenatal clinic regarding COVID-19 through health education seminars. Also up scaling the practice of safety precautions could be done through such health education seminars. Keywords: Pregnant women, Practice, Safety precaution, covid-19
The impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy students in Sudan: A cross-sectional survey

Background: The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted many aspects of life. Several studies have investigated the effect of this pandemic on academic activities. Yet, no studies addressed the impact of COVID-19 on students in Sudan. This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on Sudanese undergraduate pharmacy students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire delivered to undergraduate pharmacy students. Results: A total of 137 students responded to the survey. The majority were female (74.5%) and were students in private colleges (60.6%). Majority of the students (95.0%) were affected by COVID-19 crisis and about half of the respondents (54.0%) were depressed and 85.4% reported a decreased level of concentration. In spite of these challenges, majority of our respondents were still motivated (85.3%) to continue their education on campus. Conclusion: Despite unprecedented challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacy students in Sudan are motivated to continue their studies, and they want the traditional teaching model to resume. It is time to invest more in education and rethink delivery of pharmacy education in Sudan during public health emergencies. There is no better time than now.
Utilisation of performance markers to establish the effectiveness of cold-water immersion as a recovery modality in elite football

Optimal strategies for recovery following training and competition in elite athletes presents ongoing debate. The effects of cold-water immersion (CWI) compared to passive recovery (PR) though a triad of performance measures after fatiguing exercise within a normal micro-cycle, during mid-competitive training cycle, in elite male footballers were investigated. Twenty-four elite footballers (age 20.58 ± 2.55 years; height 179.9 ± 5.6 cm; weight 75.7 ± 7.5 kg; body fat 6.2 ± 1.7%) were randomly assigned to CWI or PR following a fatiguing training session. Objective measures included eccentric hamstring strength, isometric adductor strength, hamstring flexibility and skin surface temperature (Tsk). Subjective measures included overall wellbeing. Data were collected at match day+3, immediately post-training, immediately post-intervention and 24 hrs post-intervention. Physiological, biomechanical and psychological measures displayed significant main effects for timepoint for eccentric hamstring strength, Tsk, overall wellbeing, sleep, fatigue, stress and group for eccentric hamstring strength, Tsk and sleep (groups combined). Group responses identified significant effects for timepoint for CWI and PR, for eccentric hamstring strength peak force, sleep, fatigue, and muscle soreness for CWI. Significant differences were displayed for eccentric hamstring strength (immediately post-intervention and immediately post-training) for peak force and between CWI and PR eccentric hamstring strength immediately post-intervention. Linear regression for individual analysis demonstrated greater recovery in peak torque and force for CWI. CWI may be useful to ameliorate potential deficits in eccentric hamstring strength that optimise readiness to train/play in elite football settings. Multiple measures and individual analysis of recovery responses provides sports medicine and performance practitioners with direction on the application of modified approaches to recovery strategies, within mid-competitive season training cycles.
Corporate Governance, Environmental and Social Responsibility and Firm Performance: Evidence from Egypt

This research examines the impact of corporate governance on firm performance, as well as it examines the indirect relationship through mediating environmental social responsibility between the corporate governance and firm performance. Panel data regression was performed on a sample of 66 non -financial firms in Egypt during the period from 2010-2018. The model parameters were estimated using generalized least square regression. Six corporate governance indicators (Ownership concentration, Female directorship, Role Duality, Board independence, Board size and Audit reputation) were chosen in testing the hypothesized relationship between corporate governance practices with firm performance, which was measured by return on asset, return on equity and Tobin's q. Moreover, environmental social responsibility factor is measured using the S&P/EGX ESG ratings Published index. The results show that environmental social responsibility partially mediates the relationship between audit reputation, role duality and ownership concentration with return on asset. Moreover, the results show that environmental social responsibility fully mediate the relationship between role duality and return on equity. On the other hand, the results show environmental social responsibility doesn’t mediate the relationship between corporate governance and Tobin's q.
Evaluation of the Reaction Time and Accuracy Rate in Normal Subjects, MCI, and Dementia Using Serious Games

The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the differences in the reaction time and accuracy rate of three categories of subjects using our serious games. Thirty-seven subjects were divided into three groups: normal (n1 = 16), MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) (n2 = 10), and dementia—moderate-to-severe (n3 = 11) groups based on the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination). Two serious games were designed: (1) whack-a-mole and (2) hit-the-ball. Two dependent variables, reaction time and accuracy rate, were statistically analyzed to compare elders’ performances in the games among the three groups for three levels of speed: slow, medium, and fast. There were significance differences between the normal group, the MCI group, and the moderate-to-severe dementia group in both the reaction-time and accuracy-rate analyses. We determined that the reaction times of the MCI and dementia groups were shorter compared to those of the normal group, with poorer results also observed in accuracy rate. Therefore, we conclude that our serious games have the feasibility to evaluate reaction performance and could be used in the daily lives of elders followed by clinical treatment in the future.
Linkage between water, sanitation, hygiene, and child health in Bugesera District, Rwanda: a cross-sectional study

Rwanda met the Millennium Development Goal targets for access to drinking water and sanitation. However, the WASH practices of high-risk communities are undocumented. Lack of information may hide disparities that correlate with disease. The purpose of this study was to assess WASH and childhood diarrhoea in Bugesera District. A survey was administered to caregivers. Water and stool samples were collected to assess physical and biological characteristics. Focus groups provided information on community context. Analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square, logistic regression, and thematic analysis. Piped water and unimproved sanitation were used by 45.28 per cent and 88.38 per cent of respondents. Most respondents (51.47 per cent) travelled 30–60 minutes per trip for water and 70 per cent lacked access to hand-washing near the latrine. Diarrhoea was less prevalent in children who used a toilet facility (p = 0.009). Disposal of faeces anywhere other than the toilet increased the odds of having diarrhoea (OR = 3.1, 95 per cent CI = 1.2–8.2). Use of a narrow mouth container for storage was associated with decreased intestinal parasites (p = 0.011). The presence of a hand-washing station within 10 metres of the toilet was associated with lower odds of intestinal parasites (OR = 0.54, 95 per cent CI: 0.29–0.99). Water and sanitation access, water handling and storage, and unsanitary household environment underlie high diarrhoeal disease prevalence.
Assessment of a bone glue-based foliar fertilizer on tomato quality production

ABSTRACT Tomatoes are consumed and cultivated all over the world for not only their pleasant taste but also their curative properties. Therefore, the challenge for growers is to obtain high-quality crop productions by developing new varieties of tomatoes or new ecofriendly fertilizers. This study was to test a bone glue-based foliar fertilizer on the tomato crop. The experiment was organized in a vegetation house under an original treatment scheme. Four types of foliar fertilizers were tested: macroelements, microelements and glue; macroelements and glue; microeleements and glue; and macroelements and microelements without glue. The fertilizers were applied as diluted solutions (0.5% and 1%) across three treatments applied on nine variants. The treatments with bone glue-based foliar fertilizer led to a high-quality production of healthy tomatoes, a good absorption of nutrients together with a reduced nitrites level in tomatoes and an increase of agricultural productivity. The applied foliar fertilizers tested on the hybrid tomatoes used in the experiment had a significant positive influence on vegetative growth. The nitrate concentration in the fruit did not exceed the maximum accepted level. The agronomic analysis of the mineral composition of the fruit revealed that foliar fertilizers with glue significantly influenced nutrient assimilation during the treatments. The level of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) recovery following the application of bone glue foliar fertilizers was higher as compared to the control and the variant without bone glue. Biometric measurements had shown significant differences favorable to tomatoes treated with this bone glue foliar fertilizer.
Coarse woody debris are buffering mortality-induced carbon losses to the atmosphere in tropical forests

Hui Yang, Philippe Ciais, Jérôme Chave, Yuanyuan Huang, Ashley P Ballantyne, Kailiang Yu, Fabio Berzaghi and Jean-Pierre Wigneron 1 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France 2 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France 3 CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale 3195, Australia 4 Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States of America 5 ISPA, UMR 1391, INRAE Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Universit́e de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Neighborhoods and Intimate Partner Violence: A Decade in Review

We consider the broad developments that have occurred over the past decade regarding our knowledge of how neighborhood context impacts intimate partner violence (IPV). Research has broadened the concept of “context” beyond structural features such as economic disadvantage, and extended into relationships among residents, collective “action” behaviors among residents, cultural and gender norms. Additionally, scholars have considered how the built environment might foster (or regulate) IPV. We now know more about the direct, indirect, and moderating ways that communities impact IPV. We encourage additional focus on the policy implications of the research findings.
Effect of drought stress on grain yield and yield attributing characters in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

Drought one of the environmental stresses, is the most significant factor restricting plant production in majority of the agricultural fields of the world. Drought often causes serious problems in wheat production areas. An experiment was conducted to assess yield and yield responses under three different level of field capacity viz. (100% FC, 75% FC, 35% FC) with a set of two tolerant and two susceptible genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during Rabi 2019-20. Four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were grown in Black polythene bags of 8×5-inch size. The first factor involves drought stress condition at three levels such as 100% (Well-watered), 75% (Moderate stress), 35% (Severe stress). The second factor involves four varieties namely C-306, DBW 110, DBW 136, GW 451. The experiment was setup in Factorial Completely Randomized Design with four replications and the analysis were made. Observation were measured at booting and early grain filling stage. Yield and yield components were evaluated at harvesting stage. The water stress brings out a negative impact on yield and yield attributing characters. Most of the yield parameters were decreased under water stress. T1 (100% FC) recorded significantly highest value of number of grains/spike (25.00), number of effective tillers (5.00), biological yield (17.66 g), number of spikelet’s/spike (20.31) grain yield per plant (10.45 g), test weight (42.59 g) and harvest index (37.51%). The highest yield data were observed under the genotype DBW 110.
Sustainable Entrepreneurship at the Bottom of the Pyramid: An Identity-Based Perspective

Entrepreneurial behavior research has widened its scope to focus on founders who engage in creating enterprises for both their economic self-interest and their concern for others. Yet, there is a lack of an empirically grounded understanding of the sustainable enterprise creation behavior of entrepreneurs at the bottom of the pyramid. This study contributes to sustainable entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial behavior literature streams by applying founder identity theoretical perspectives to explore and understand bottom of the pyramid entrepreneurs’ self-perceived identities in the creation of sustainable enterprises. The study applies a multiple case study design with qualitative data collected through field observations and in-depth interviews with enterprise founders and stakeholders. The data were complemented with secondary materials such as websites, founder blogs, online videos, news articles, and other media coverage. The data were analyzed in stages through thematic analysis. Findings show that sustainable entrepreneurs at the bottom of the pyramid possess multiple frames of reference, basic social motivations and adopt either single or multiple role identities, which influence their behavior during the process of creating their enterprises. Moreover, the analysis reveals that Fauchart and Gruber’s social identity typologies and the role identities of Cardon et al. can be applied to entrepreneurs at the bottom of the pyramid to understand their identity profiles and illuminate on how these identities result in observed behavioral differences during the process of creating their enterprises.
American Populist Support for Choice in K-12 Education

ABSTRACT In this article, we explore why American populists may be attracted to the educational choice. Though populist factions may support either elitist institutions and policies or institutions and policies that promote pluralism in the short term, their motivations and interests over the long term may diverge from elitism and pluralism in important ways. After discussing why some pluralists support a system of educational choice, we describe the populist choice supporters of both the right and the left and a taxonomy of potential reasons for their support. We divide the taxonomy into three groups of reasons populists may have turned against the conventional public education system and turned toward choice: a lack of candor from the public education system; failures to achieve equity in the public system; and technocracy and other limits on the diversity of offerings within the public system. The final section offers a warning to choice-supporting pluralists that, under certain conditions, populist support for choice could wane in the future. That change of opinion could result in more families choosing some form of homeschooling, an abandonment of legislative and policy support for current choice programs, and/or renewed efforts in the culture war – which may have a profound effect on K-12 education policy more broadly.
Facile methods of preparing pure hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in ordinary laboratories

The present work features some simple methods of preparing pure hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-HAp), a useful biomaterial, via various wet chemical methods and using biogenic sources such as eggshells and animal bone. The nano-HAp hence prepared was subsequently characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and XRD technique. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of PO43- and OH- ions as major functional groups in the prepared material, with some additional peaks implying the presence of CO3- ions and adsorbed water molecules. The XRD patterns, in agreement with the JCPDS 09-432 data, demonstrated the crystalline nature of the nano-HAp and confirmed the phase as being apatite. The average grain diameter of the nanocrystallites was found in the range of 15-30 nm. The preparatory methods depicted herein can be easily employed in ordinary high school laboratories having basic facilities such as availability of distilled water, some handy glasswares, common laboratory chemicals and instruments such as balance, hot air oven and furnace. BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 83-90