Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 17

John Donne’s famous line “No man is an island, entire of itself” has deep resonances for the dynamics of parasites. This is particularly true for microparasitic infections, such as viruses and bacteria, for which each susceptible host is a potential patch of favourable habitat. Propagules from infected “patches” can colonize others, followed by parasitic multiplication and “local” growth of the parasite population. Thus, at the scale of the host population, infectious dynamics bears strong analogies to metapopulation dynamics. Furthermore, host individuals are, more often than not, structured into local populations, within which contact among hosts may be very frequent and between which contacts may be less frequent. In this way, the spatiotemporal dynamics and persistence of parasites are determined at two scales: the infrapopulation scale (a local population scale; parasites within hosts) and the metapopulation scale (spatial and/or social aggregation of hosts). The spatiotemporal dynamics of infection in human and domestic systems are of particular academic interest because of the wealth of data combined with well-described natural histories. As a result of the dual spatial scales of regulation, an extended metapopulation paradigm is central to infectious disease dynamics in two important
PRBM_A_212648 523..529

Supa Pengpid Karl Peltzer 1ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand; 2Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor, Research and Innovation, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa Background: The aim of this investigation was to estimate the prevalence of past 12-month suicide attempts and associated factors among in-school adolescents in Guatemala. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the 2014 “Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS)” included 4,274 students (median age 14 years, interquartile range=2 years) that were representative of all middle school students in Guatemala. Results: The prevalence of past 12-month suicide attempt was 16.6%, 12.2% among boys and 20.2% among girls. Among students with a suicide attempt in the past year, 52.8% had a suicide plan in the past year. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, male sex and loneliness were associated with past 12-month suicide attempt, and among boys, none of the variables, and among girls, loneliness and current alcohol use were associated with past 12-month suicide attempt. Conclusion: A high prevalence and several specific factors associated with suicide attempt were identified which can help in guiding preventive strategies.
Effect of Centrally Acting a-Adrenergic Agonists

Three studies were undertaken to reevaluate (1) whether there is a peripheral component in the reduction of sympathetic activity caused by centrally acting drugs; and (2) whether the antihypertensive effect of these drugs is due entirely to this reduction. Plasma growth hormone and norepinephrine concentrations were used as respective markers of central a-adrenoceptor stimulation and peripheral sympathetic activity. In six normal volunteers, intravenous infusion of 0.2 mg clonidine and 2 mg guanfacine was compared. The falls in systolic blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine concentration were slightly greater after clonidine (18 mm Hg and 0.22 ng/ml) than after guanfacine (12 mm Hg and 0.13 ng/ml) administration. These falls occurred earlier than the rise in growth hormone, which rose to a maximum of 23 and 20 IU/ml respectively at 45 minutes after dosing. In six patients with essential hypertension clonidine and a-methyldopa caused similar falls in blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine concentration although these changes occurred later with a-methyldopa. Plasma growth hormone levels remained undetectable in most patients. In Wistar rats the effect of central and peripheral «2-blockade on clonidine-induced changes was compared. Two groups of six rats received intravenous RX 781094, 0.3 mg/kg, or vehicle 10 minutes before receiving clonidine, 5 ;u.g/kg i.v. In the latter, control group, clonidine reduced mean blood pressure by 30.7 ± 1.9 mm Hg and heart rate by 46 ± 6.7 beats/min. Plasma norepinephrine fell from 0.22 ± 0.023 ng/ ml to 0.116 ± 0.013 ng/ml. After pretreatment with RX 781094, blood pressure did not change and heart rate fell by 18 ± 2.7 beats/min. Plasma norepinephrine rose from 0.253 ± 0.03 ng/ml to 0.445 ± 0.062 after RX 781094 and then fell to 0.36 ± 0.045 ng/ml after clonidine. Two further groups received either RX 781094,10 ng i.c. v. , or vehicle 10 minutes prior to receiving clonidine, 5 ftglkg i.v. In the controls clonidine caused falls in blood pressure and heart rate comparable to results achieved in human volunteers. After RX 781094 administration, blood pressure and heart rate fell by 6.0 ± 2.0 mm Hg and by 31 ± 6.0 beats/min. In the controls clonidine reduced plasma norepinephrine from 0.29 ± 0.26 ng/ml to 0.19 ± 0.13 ng/ml; after RX 781094 pretreatment, clonidine reduced plasma norepinephrine from 0.31 ± 0.038 to 0.25 ± 0.04 ng/ml. These three studies indicate that the hypotensive effect of the drugs studied is due largely to their sympatholytic action, and that this action is mediated mainly at central a-adrenergic receptors. (Hypertension 6 (Suppl II):II-57-II-62, 1984)
Historical Review of China ’ s Regional Inequality-pre-reform period ( 1949-1978 ) and the reform period ( 1978-onwards ) -

Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2014 Page 162 Abstract China has experienced rapid economic growth over the last three decades as a result of market-oriented reforms. However, regional inequality in China has also shown a tendency to increase over the same three decades. Regional inequality in China is a very complicated issue, both in terms of historical background and factors contributing to inequality. The purpose of this Paper is to give an overview of the historical background of the inequality issue in both the pre-reform period (1949-1978) and the reform period (1978onwards). The main findings are twofold, first, it is clear that, in the pre-reform period there was already an imbalance in development between regions. Second, inequality in China’s reform period has shown a tendency to increase, and as things are now, and it is hard for the affluent regions to help the lagging regions automatically.
Use of Perception of Gaze Direction Tasks to Improve Neck ROM and Pain

レ ー シ ョ ン を表 して い る 。 そ こ で,後方観察にお け る視線方向認知課題 が,頭頸部 の 回旋運動 とその 痛 み に与える 影響 につ い て 調査 した 。 【方法】対象 は t 頸部関節可 動域 制限 と痛 み が あ る患者 34名とし,他者 の 視線移 動の 後方観察課題 を実施す る A 群 (17名)と後方観察に よ る 視線方向認知課題 を 実施す る B 群 (17 名) に 割付 けて 準 ラ ン ダ ム化比 較試験 を実施し た。 両 群とも課題前後 で. 頸部 回旋可 動域 と痛 み を評価 し た。 【結果 】B 群 に お い て 頸部 回旋可 動域 と痛 み が有意 に 改善 した (p < 0.Dl)。 【結論】頭頸部運動 の シ ミ ュ レーシ ョ ン が,頸部運動器疾患患者の 頸部関節可動域制限や痛 み に効果的に作用す る可能性 が 示唆 された 。 キ ーワード 視線方向認知,頸部関節 可 動域 痛み
Assessment of Technology Transfer Means, used in Watershed Rehabilitation Project for Technology Dissemination

Information about new technologies is important for improving agricultural production. Technology transfer through demonstration and dissemination, using different means, remained one of the regular activities in the agricultural research and development agencies in Pakistan. The current study employed survey methodology to appraise various means of technology transfer used to disseminate water saving technologies among the farmers under watershed rehabilitation and irrigation improvement project implemented by International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) for improving livelihood of rural farmers in Pakistan through demonstration and dissemination of technologies (2012-2016) by different agricultural research institutes in Pothwar region of the Punjab. A total of 74 farmers with respect to targeted technologies were selected through purposive random sampling. The results, based on descriptive analysis, revealed that, generally, farmers were getting information about agricultural technologies through multiple means. Electronic media substantiated a major source of dissemination followed by Agriculture Service Providers (ASPs) trainings and print material for drip/sprinkler technology. Demonstration sites proved to be the most efficient means for gypsum application for moisture conservation, followed by farmer field days.
PNS125 227..233

The obesity epidemic and its associated morbidity and mortality have led to major research efforts to identify mechanisms that regulate appetite. Gut hormones have recently been found to be an important element in appetite regulation as a result of the signals from the periphery to the brain. Candidate hormones include ghrelin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide, all of which are currently being investigated as potential obesity treatments. Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective therapy for substantial and sustained weight loss. Understanding how levels of gut hormones are modulated by such procedures has greatly contributed to the comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of appetite and obesity. The present paper is a review of how appetite and levels of gastrointestinal hormones are altered after bariatric surgery. Basic principles of common bariatric procedures and potential mechanisms for appetite regulation by gut hormones are also addressed.
Acute Effects of Yin Yoga and Aerobic Exercise on Anxiety

Yoga and aerobic exercise have several health benefits. These include improved mood and well-being, and reduced symptoms of depression and stress. Research further suggests that the two modes of exercise have an anxiolytic effect, although these findings are not consistent across the literature. The current study measured the acute effects of yin yoga and aerobic exercise on state anxiety, trait anxiety and trait mindfulness. Thirty participants completed a one-hour yin yoga session, and fourteen returned one week later to complete a one-hour aerobic exercise session. Immediately before and after the sessions, participants completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). No differences in scores on the STAI and MAAS were detected after the aerobic exercise, however there was a significant reduction found in state anxiety and trait anxiety after the yin yoga, with no changes in trait mindfulness. The results indicate that yin yoga has an anxiolytic effect, although the uneven number of participants made comparison difficult. Yin yoga should be considered as a potential treatment option for anxiety.
Çukurova'da pamukta bulunan Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)'nin tür kompleksi üzerine çalışmalar

Beyazsinek Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Cukurova'da ve Turkiye'de pamuk uretimi yapilan diger alanlarda, pamugun en onemli zararlilari arasinda yer almaktadir. Cukurova'da B. tabaci'nin populasyon dinamigi, populasyon gelisimi ve parazitlenme durumu ile ilgili bircok calisma yapilmasina ragmen, B. tabaci'nin tur kompleksi hakkinda cok az calisma bulunmaktadir. Bu calismanin amaci 2006-2011 (2010 haric) yillari arasinda Cukurova'dan pamuk tarlalarindan toplanan B. tabaci'nin genetik polimorfizmi ile tur kompleksinin ortaya cikarilmasidir. Polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) urunleri bir mitokondriyal gen olan sitokrom oksidaz I (COI) ve bir nuklear gen bolgesi olan ITS1’den elde edilmistir. Elde edilen PZR urunleri saflastirilmis ve sekanslanmistir. Filogenetik agac, Maximum likelihood (ML) ve Bayesian analiz yontemleri kullanilarak olusturulmustur. Sekans analizi sonuclarinin desteklenmesi ve B. tabaci'nin MED (Q biyotip) ve MEAM1 (B biyotip) turlerinin belirlenmesinde Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) metodu da kullanilmistir. Toplam 51 sekans orneginin 38 tanesi B. tabaci'nin MED turu olarak belirlenirken, 13 adedi MEAM1 olarak belirlenmistir. 2011 yilinda toplanan birkac ornek ile beraber 2006 yilinda toplanan orneklerin tamami MEAM1 icerisinde yer almistir. Ayrica PZR sonucunda elde edilen urunlerin tamami RFLP metodu ile calisilmis ve B. tabaci'nin MED ve MEAM1 turleri bu yontemle de ayrilmistir. Cukurova'da pamuk bitkisinde MED baskin tur olarak belirlenmistir
Formulation of bilayer tablet containing metoprolol succinate and amlodipine besylate as a model drug for antihypertensive therapy

The purpose of the present work was to develop an optimized bilayer tablet for antihypertension patients using Metoprolol succinate and Amlodipine besylate as a model drug candidate by optimization technique. A 32 factorial design was employed in formulating bilayer tablet with individual release layer i.e. sustained release layer and immediate release layer. The independent variables selected both cases HPMC(X1), Starch 1500 (X2) and SSG (X1), MCC (X2), respectively. Two dependent variables were considered: t50 (Y1), Q12 (Y2) and t50 (Y1), Q2 (Y2), respectively. The main effect and interaction terms were quantitatively evaluated using mathematical model. Bilayer tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability, drug content and in vitro dissolution studies. The drug release of Amlodipine besylate and Metoprolol succinate depicted non-fickian diffusion and Super Case II transport mechanism, respectively.
FARMERS PERCEPTION OF THE EFFECT OF AGING ON THEIR AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

The increasing concern about global aging as it relates to agriculture where the major producers are aging calls for an inquiry into the effects of ageing on their agricultural activities as it has implications for food security. Using a multi stage sampling technique, the study examined hundred farmer’s perception of the effects of aging on their agricultural activities in Ondo State of Nigeria. Descriptive statistics were used to present the study findings while the t-test statistic was used to determine the significant difference in perception of their involvement in agricultural activities when young and when older. Majority reduced scope (69.5%) and hours (66.7%) of operation as they grew older. Significant differences existed in perception of involvement in all agricultural activities involved in by respondents. There is the need to encourage younger entrants into agriculture to boost production and ensure food security.
nisolone. Both budesonide and prednisolone improved airflow in COPD patients with acute exacerbations when compared with pla- cebo. Nebulized budesonide may be an alternative to oral pred- nisolone in the treatment of nonacidotic exacerbations of COPD

DOI: 10.1164/rccm.2109093 Internet address: www.atsjournals. org Nebulized budesonide has been used successfully to treat acute asthma exacerbation, and we hypothesized that it could also be effective for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trial, the efficacy of nebulized budesonide (Pulmicort Respules/Nebuamp), oral prednisolone, and placebo was compared in 199 patients with acute exacerbations of COPD requiring hospitalization. Patients received from randomization (H 0 ) to 72 h (H 72 ), 2 mg of budesonide every 6 h (n 71), 30 mg of oral prednisolone every 12 h (n 62), or placebo (n 66). All received standard treatment, including nebulized 2 -agonists, ipratropium bromide, oral antibiotics, and supplemental oxygen. The mean change (95% confidence interval) in postbronchodilator FEV 1 from H 0 to H 72 was greater with active treatments than with placebo: budesonide versus placebo, 0.10 L (0.02 to 0.18 L); prednisolone versus placebo, 0.16 L (0.08 to 0.24 L). The difference in FEV 1 between budesonide and prednisolone was not significant, 0.06 L ( 0.14 to 0.02 L). The occurrence of serious adverse events was similar for all groups. Budesonide had less systemic activity than prednisolone as indicated by a higher incidence of hyperglycemia observed with prednisolone. Both budesonide and prednisolone improved airflow in COPD patients with acute exacerbations when compared with placebo. Nebulized budesonide may be an alternative to oral prednisolone in the treatment of nonacidotic exacerbations of COPD but further studies should be done to evaluate its long-term impact on clinical outcomes after an initial episode of COPD exacerbation.
The Stata Journal

In this paper, we propose a fix to the size distortions of tests for structural parameters in the simultaneous equations model by computing critical value functions based on the conditional distribution of test statistics. The conditional tests can then be used to construct informative confidence regions for the structural parameter with correct coverage probability. Commands to implement these tests in Stata are also introduced.
(QUANTUM)HOLISTIC PSYCHOSOMATIC IMPLICATIONS

It is shown that any quantum system has a formal dynamical structure of Hopfield-like associative neural network. Besides, it is pointed out that investigations in the field of microwave resonance therapy of the acupuncture system, as well as research of the interactions of consciousness with microscopic and macroscopic environment imply existance of local and nonlocal macroscopic quantum biophysical effects, with tremendous potential implications in the fields of medicine, psychology, biology, physics, engineering, and philosophy/religion.
Cytosolic and Endosomal DNA-Sensing Pathways Differentially Regulate Inflammatory Arthritis, Autoantibody Production, and Bone Remodeling: A Dissertation

Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are associated with debilitating chronic inflammation, autoantibody production, articular bone erosions and systemic bone loss. The underlying mechanisms and cell types that initiate these diseases are not fully understood, and current therapies mainly address downstream mechanisms and do not fully halt disease progression in all patients. Moreover, previous studies have largely focused on the role of adaptive immunity in driving these diseases, and less attention has been given to the contribution of innate immune pathways such as DNA sensor signaling pathways in initiating and/or perpetuating autoimmunity and erosive inflammatory arthritis. Detection of microbial nucleic acids by DNA sensors such as endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosolic sensors is an early form of antiviral defense. Upon detection of nucleic acid, TLRs dependent on Unc93B and cytosolic sensors dependent on the adaptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING) orchestrate production of type 1 interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines to resolve infection. Additionally, the cytosolic DNA sensor absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), which is not dependent on STING, also recognizes microbial DNA and coordinates the cleavage of pro-IL-1β. Previous studies have largely focused on the role of these DNA sensors in macrophages and dendritic cells in the context of antiviral immunity. In recent years, however, the inappropriate recognition of host nucleic acids by these sensors has been associated with several autoimmune diseases including RA.
EVALUATION OF THE HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF (AMARANTHACEAE) ON WISTAR RATS INTOXICATED WITH TETRACHLORIDE CARBON

Gomphrena celosioides (CCl4) was used to induce liver toxicity on rats. bilirubin and liver cell damage. a dose of 500 mg / kg of body weight (BW) and silymarin (SIL) recognized for its hepatotoxic properties at a dose of 300 m animals with EAG and SIL have decreased the rate of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin with a yield of 65.06% for EAG and 78.34% for SIL of animals with EAG and SIL have a yield of 56.35% to 70.45% against the EAG to SIL about the ALT. Hepatoprotective activity of EAG is more protective than curative and is comparable to SIL’s activi mechanisms for this activity may be due to the action of antioxidants in flavonoids, present in the EAG.
HAND-WRIST DISORDERS CAUSED BY DAILY ACTIVITIES

In this study prepared by using data of TSI belonging to the years of 2012-2014, the consumption of electricity and natural gas used in industry and houses is statistically analyzed. ANOVA model was applied to the study prepared with the use of different techniques for analysis. Moreover, tests of hypothesis were applied and the research was made more comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricity and natural gas prices SSTB www.sstbdergisi. com International Refereed Academic Journal of Sports, Health and Medical Sciences e / ove ber / Dece ber Autumn Winter Period Iss e: 21 Year: 2016 GEL CODE: C10-J23-L82-M30 ID:305 K:391 ISSN Print: 2146-8508 Online 2147-1711 (ISO 9001-2008 Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Document No: 12880) (TRADEMARK) (2015/043152015-GE-18972)
Collective Deliberation Under Ambiguity: Theory and Experimentation∗

The well-known jury paradox the more demanding the hurdle for conviction is, the more likely it is that a jury will convict an innocent defendant heavily relies on Bayesian updating. However, with ambiguous information (e.g., a forensic test with accuracy of 60%, or more), Bayesian updating becomes invalid, challenging the existence of this paradox. To advance our understanding of collective decision-making, we study deliberations under ambiguity both theoretically and experimentally, informing the institutional design of collective deliberation, for small to large group decision-making.
Axial/Spinal Decompression Therapy/Mechanical Traction (Provided in a Clinic Setting)

Cigna / ASH Medical Coverage Policies are intended to provide guidance in interpreting certain standard benefit plans administered by Cigna Companies. Please note, the terms of a customer’s particular benefit plan document may differ significantly from the standard benefit plans upon which these Cigna / ASH Medical Coverage Policies are based. In the event of a conflict, a customer’s benefit plan document always supersedes the information in the Cigna / ASH Medical Coverage Policy. In the absence of a controlling federal or state coverage mandate, benefits are ultimately determined by the terms of the applicable benefit plan document. Determinations in each specific instance may require consideration of:
TERIZATION OF LONG-TERM CORROS ION PERFORMANCE OF Ti15Mo ALLOY IN SALINE SOLUTION

The Ti15Mo alloy has been studied towards long-term corrosion performance in saline solution at 37° C using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The physical and chemical characterization of the material were also investigated. The as-received Ti15Mo alloy exhibits a single β-phase structure. The thickness of single-layer structured oxide presented on its surface is ~4 nm. Impedance measurements revealed that the Ti15Mo alloy is characterized by spontaneous passivation in the solution containing chloride ions and formation of a double-layer structured oxide composed of a dense interlayer being the barrier layer against corrosion and porous outer layer. The thi ckness of this oxide layer, estimated based on the impedance data increases up to ~6 nm during 78 days of exposure. The obs erved fall in value of the log|Z |f = 0.01 Hz indicates a decrease in pitting corrosion resistance of Ti15Mo alloy in saline solution along with the immersion time. The detailed EIS study on the kinetics and mechanism of corrosion process and the capacitive behavior of the Ti15Mo electrode | passive layer | saline solution system was based on the concept of equivalent electrical circuit with respect to the physical meaning of the applied circuit elements. Potentiodynamic studies up to 9 V vs. SCE and SEM analysis show no presence of pitting corrosion what indicates that the Ti15Mo alloy is promising biomaterial to long-term medical applications.