Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wattwaage mit Hebelübersetzung auf Basis eines kommerziellen EMK-Wägesystems

Zusammenfassung Bei Waagen nach dem Prinzip der elektromagnetischen Kraftkompensation wird die auf eine Waagschale wirkende Gewichtskraft eines Wägegutes durch eine elektromagnetische Gegenkraft kompensiert. Nach dem Stand der Technik wird der Zusammenhang zwischen dem, die Gegenkraft erzeugendem Aktorstrom durch eine Spule und der Gewichtskraft des Wägegutes durch Kalibrierung mit Massenormalen hergestellt. Mit der für 2018 zu erwartenden Neudefinition der SI-Einheit der Masse durch Festlegung eines Wertes der Planck-Konstanten wird ein unmittelbarer Zusammenhang zwischen den mechanischen und elektrischen Größen geschaffen, so dass das aus Fundamentalexperimenten bekannte Wattwaagenprinzip zur Kalibrierung von Massen eingesetzt werden kann. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird eine darauf aufbauende Methode zur Bestimmung des Kraftfaktors Bl einer kommerziellen EMK-Wägzelle vorgestellt. Dies geschieht durch die simultane Messung der Spannung über der im Magnetfeld bewegten Spule und deren Geschwindigkeit. Dabei wird im vorgestellten Verfahren die Spule gleichzeitig zur Erzeugung der Bewegung mit einem harmonischen Wechselsignal bestromt. Die Frequenz der harmonischen Bewegung hat hierbei maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Unsicherheit des resultierenden Kraftfaktors. Eine Trennung der Spannungsanteile über der Spule erfolgt durch simultane Messung von Strom und Spannung an der Spule und Auswertung unter Berücksichtigung der vorliegenden Amplituden und Phasenlagen. Die Spule ist hierbei, wie bei kommerziellen EMK-Wägezellen üblich, über ein mechanisches Hebelwerk angekoppelt. Durch diese Hebelübersetzung ist es möglich, mit einem kompakten elektrodynamischen Aktuator (Spule–Permanentmagnetsystem), einen großen wirksamen Kraftfaktor zu realisieren. Im Ergebnis können mit dem System Kräfte in beliebiger Raumrichtung gemessen bzw. erzeugt werden, wobei die Massebestimmung einen Spezialfall darstellt, für den zusätzlich die lokale Fallbeschleunigung bekannt sein muss. Unter Nutzung der gleichen Methodik kann durch Vertauschung von Eingangs- und Ausgangsgrößen des Formalismus, die EMK-Wägezelle auch als Positionssensor eingesetzt werden. Hierbei erfolgt unter Zuhilfenahme eines Referenzgewichtes (Justiergewichtes) und der Ausgangsspannung des Positionssensors des Wägesystems eine Kalibrierung der Auslenkung des Koppelstücks. Für beide Verfahren werden im Gegensatz zu Fundamentalexperimenten industriell relevante Messunsicherheiten im ppm-Bereich angestrebt. Es werden Messungen für beide Messmodi auf Basis kommerziell verfügbarer EMK-Wägezellen und elektrischer Messtechnik vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Mechanisms of Interannual Variability of Ocean Bottom Pressure in the Southern Indian Ocean

The study of ocean bottom pressure (OBP) helps to understand the changes in the sea level budget and ocean deep circulation. In this study, the characteristics and mechanisms of interannual OBP variability in the Southern Indian Ocean are examined using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data from 2003 to 2016. Results show that there are two energetic OBP centers in the Southern Indian Ocean (50°–60°S, 40°–60°E and 45°–60°S, 80°–120°E). The OBP magnitudes at two centers have strong variability on interannual time scales, and their values are larger during austral summer (NDJF) and winter (JJAS). Atmospheric forcing plays an important role in local OBP variability. The high (low) sea level pressure (SLP) over the Southern Indian Ocean benefits positive (negative) OBP anomalies via the convergence (divergence) of Ekman transport driven by local wind. Such SLP anomalies are related to the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), Southern Oscillation (SO) and Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). SAM can influence the OBP changes in both austral summer and winter, while SO and IOD have positive correlations with OBP variability during austral summer and austral winter, respectively. These results are validated by a mass-conservation ocean model, which further confirms the importance of atmospheric forcing on the interannual OBP variations.
Wellness Forecasting by External and Internal Workloads in Elite Soccer Players: A Machine Learning Approach

Training for success has increasingly become a balance between maintaining high performance standards and avoiding the negative consequences of accumulated fatigue. The aim of this study is to develop a big data analytics framework to predict players’ wellness according to the external and internal workloads performed in previous days. Such a framework is useful for coaches and staff to simulate the players’ response to scheduled training in order to adapt the training stimulus to the players’ fatigue response. 17 players competing in the Italian championship (Serie A) were recruited for this study. Players’ Global Position System (GPS) data was recorded during each training and match. Moreover, every morning each player has filled in a questionnaire about their perceived wellness (WI) that consists of a 7-point Likert scale for 4 items (fatigue, sleep, stress, and muscle soreness). Finally, the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was used to assess the effort performed by the players after each training or match. The main findings of this study are that it is possible to accurately estimate players’ WI considering their workload history as input. The machine learning framework proposed in this study is useful for sports scientists, athletic trainers, and coaches to maximise the periodization of the training based on the physiological requests of a specific period of the season.
The Bilateral Precuneus as a Potential Neuroimaging Biomarker for Right Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Support Vector Machine Analysis

Background and Objective While evidence has demonstrated that the default-mode network (DMN) plays a key role in the broad-scale cognitive problems that occur in right temporal lobe epilepsy (rTLE), little is known about alterations in the network homogeneity (NH) of the DMN in TLE. In this study, we used the NH method to investigate the NH of the DMN in TLE at rest, and an support vector machine (SVM) method for the diagnosis of rTLE. Methods A total of 43 rTLE cases and 42 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Imaging data were analyzed with the NH and SVM methods. Results rTLE patients have a decreased NH in the right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), but increased NH in the bilateral precuneus (PCu) and right inferior parietal lobe (IPL), compared with HCs. We found that rTLE had a longer performance reaction time (RT). No significant correlation was found between abnormal NH values and clinical variables of the patients. The SVM results showed that increased NH in the bilateral PCu as a diagnostic biomarker distinguished rTLE from HCs with an accuracy of 74.12% (63/85), a sensitivity 72.01% (31/43), and a specificity 72.81% (31/42). Conclusion These findings suggest that abnormal NH of the DMN exists in rTLE, and highlights the significance of the DMN in the pathophysiology of cognitive problems occurring in rTLE, and the bilateral PCu as a neuroimaging diagnostic biomarker for rTLE.
Malabsorption syndrome aggravates calcium homeostasis impairment in chronic kidney disease patients

Abstract. Recent data on the role of digestive pathology in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain scarce. Calcium homeostasis plays an important role in the progression of renal pathology, especially in patients with malabsorption syndrome (MAS). The research aimed to evaluate calcium homeostasis in CKD patients with MAS. Methods. In this cross-sectional observational study, 99 CKD patients with MAS were enrolled. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the CKD stage and the presence of MAS. Group I included 25 patients with CKD stages 1 and 2 without MAS; Group II consisted of 26 patients with CKD stages 1 and 2, and MAS; Group ІІІ (n = 23) and Group ІV (n = 25) included patients with CKD stage 3 without and with MAS, respectively. According to the morphological study of in vivo biopsies of the small intestinal mucosa, mild and moderate morphological changes were observed among all patients. The levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, and calcitonin in the blood, as well as urinary calcium levels, were detected. Results. Pathological changes in calcium metabolism were observed among CKD patients with MAS. The severity of calcium homeostasis disorders was more evident among patients with CKD stage 3 compared with stages 1 and 2. Urinary calcium levels were reduced in the patients of Groups III and IV. No changes were detected in phosphorus levels. Changes in parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin are caused primarily by combined renal pathology with impaired renal calcium absorption. Conclusion. MAS in CKD patients leads to deep violations of calcium homeostasis resulting in rapid CKD progression and bone tissue violation.
Biochemical and Physicochemical Changes in Spaghetti Meat During Refrigerated Storage of Chicken Breast

This study investigated postmortem muscle protein degradation and myowater properties in broiler breasts afflicted with the Spaghetti Meat (SM) myopathy during 7 days of storage. Severe SM and unaffected (NORM) breast fillets were analyzed at days 0, 3, and 7 postmortem for TD-NMR myowater traits, myofibrillar protein profiles, calpain activity, free calcium, and desmin and troponin-T degradation patterns. Only at day 0, muscle histology, fiber size and sarcomere length were assessed on multiple fillet portions. In SM breasts, the intramyofibrillar water population exhibited longer relaxation times (p = 0.0172) and a lower proportion (p = 0.0118) compared to NORM. SM had a greater proportion of extramyofibrillar water (p = 0.0080) possessing a longer relaxation time (p = 0.0001). Overall, the SM myopathy had only a minor impact on the myofibrillar proteins profiles and did not affect either free calcium concentration, calpain activity, or the degradation of desmin and TnT, while storage time strongly affected all the traits measured. At microscopic level, muscle tissue from SM fillets exhibited the typical indicators of myodegeneration mostly in the superficial-cranial portion of the breast, while fiber size and sarcomere length were similar between the two muscle conditions irrespectively from the portion considered. The lack of overall significant interaction effects between muscle condition and storage period suggested that SM and NORM breast meat experience similar proteolytic and physical changes during the postmortem period.
Effect of wooden pallets characteristics on the compression strength of palletized plastic pails

Palletized unit loads are composed of pallets, packages, and unit load stabilizers. The interactions between components are significant for designing efficient and sustainable pallets. Although there has been research on corrugated boxes, there is no research revolving around plastic pails. The objective of this study was to understand how plastic pails are affected by the pallet's top deckboard thickness and the effect of the pail's location on the pallet. The first phase of testing investigated the pail location effect in five different locations on a small‐scale pallet segment. The second phase further investigated the two locations that had the best and worst performances in terms of pail strength. One additional location was chosen based on a previous study on corrugated boxes. It was found that the pallet's top deckboard thickness and the location of the pail both had significant impacts on pail deformation, pallet deflection, and pail compression strength. This study also indicated that symmetrical and asymmetrical loading created different trends when comparing pail deformation, pallet deformation, and pail compression strength. It was found that the thickness of the deckboards is relevant when investigating pail failure but the experiments were unable to find a consistent trend between pallet deflection and pail failure load. These factors can all be taken into account by unit load designers in order to create safe and sustainable pallets.
Effectiveness and External Noise of Transverse Rumble Strip Designs

The report presents a case study motivated by comments and concerns from residents regarding high levels of noise originating from vehicles passing transverse rumble strips at the intersection of US-41 northbound and West Park Avenue in Highland Park, Illinois. The Illinois Department of Transportation seeks to reduce the exterior noise the rumble strips generate without compromising the safety they deliver. A review of the latest literature on the topic and state of practice by other state departments of transportation revealed the absence of an existing standard that mandates specific designs and, thus, lack of consistency among the agencies on a configuration that could be followed. To decide whether changes to the existing design are appropriate, a performance comparison with other candidate designs needs to be conducted. To that end, measurements of exterior noise levels at the rumble strips on US-41 and at the adjacent neighborhood were collected in the presence of continuous flow of traffic. The collected measurements serve as a baseline for comparison with noise emanating from modified or new transverse rumble strip designs that would be investigated for possible implementation in the future. Similar measurements were conducted for interior noise in a vehicle passing over the rumble strips at different speeds to study their effectiveness in alerting drivers of cautions ahead.
Low-Carbon Transition and Green Innovation: Evidence from Pilot Cities in China

Officially launched in 2008, China’s low-carbon city pilot project is aimed at creating green and low-carbon cities by restricting individual consumption and enterprise production behaviors as a means of controlling greenhouse gas emissions. Among other indicators, the impact of the pilot low-carbon initiative may be evaluated based on whether it induces enterprises to engage in green technology innovation. Using green patent application data from Chinese listed companies between 2009 and 2018, this paper applies a time-varying difference-in-difference (DID) model to conduct a multi-dimensional empirical test on the changes in listed companies’ degrees of green innovation before and after the publication of the list of three batches of pilot cities. Our findings were as follows: first, as a means of environmental regulation, the pilot low-carbon city initiative’s effect on enterprises’ green technology innovation conforms to the Porter hypothesis—that is, it encourages enterprises to improve their production technology and enhances the green innovation levels of listed companies in pilot cities; second, in terms of regional differences, the low-carbon cities pilot initiative can significantly induce green innovation activities among enterprises in China’s eastern region, but not in the central or western regions; third, from the perspective of enterprise ownership, the initiative promotes greater awareness of green innovation among non-state-owned enterprises than among state-owned enterprises. At the enterprise level, this paper provides theoretical support and empirical evidence for the success of the low-carbon city pilot initiative and highlights the implications for nationwide policy.
Reuse Remix Recycle

ABSTRACT Preservation of digital data is predicated on the expectation of its reuse, yet that expectation has never been examined within archaeology. While we have extensive digital archives equipped to share data, evidence of reuse seems paradoxically limited. Most archaeological discussions have focused on data management and preservation and on disciplinary practices surrounding archiving and sharing data. This article addresses the reuse side of the data equation through a series of linked questions: What is the evidence for reuse, what constitutes reuse, what are the motivations for reuse, and what makes some data more suitable for reuse than others? It concludes by posing a series of questions aimed at better understanding our digital engagement with archaeological data. La conservación de datos en formato digital se basa en la expectativa de su posterior reutilización y aprovechamiento. Sin embargo, esta expectativa nunca ha sido examinada como posibilidad razonable dentro del campo de la arqueología. Aunque contamos con grandes repositorios digitales equipados para compartir datos, los casos claros de reutilización de los mismos parecen ser paradójicamente limitados. La mayor parte de las discusiones sobre estas cuestiones en la arqueología se ha centrado en la gestión y conservación de datos, así como en prácticas de almacenamiento y acceso compartido. Este artículo aborda el tema de la reutilización de los datos en este contexto a través de una serie de preguntas vinculadas entre sí: ¿Qué evidencias o casos de reutilización existen? , ¿Qué constituye realmente una reutilización de datos? , ¿Cuáles son las motivaciones para su reutilización? y ¿Qué comporta que algunos datos sean más adecuados que otros para este propósito? El artículo concluye planteando una serie de preguntas enfocadas a una mejor comprensión de nuestra relación entre el medio digital y los datos arqueológicos.
Exploring the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Wheat Landrace Population Conserved at ICARDA Genebank

Landraces are considered a valuable source of potential genetic diversity that could be used in the selection process in any plant breeding program. Here, we assembled a population of 600 bread wheat landraces collected from eight different countries, conserved at the ICARDA's genebank, and evaluated the genetic diversity and the population structure of the landraces using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A total of 11,830 high-quality SNPs distributed across the genomes A (40.5%), B (45.9%), and D (13.6%) were used for the final analysis. The population structure analysis was evaluated using the model-based method (STRUCTURE) and distance-based methods [discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and principal component analysis (PCA)]. The STRUCTURE method grouped the landraces into two major clusters, with the landraces from Syria and Turkey forming two clusters with high proportions of admixture, whereas the DAPC and PCA analysis grouped the population into three subpopulations mostly according to the geographical information of the landraces, i.e., Syria, Iran, and Turkey with admixture. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that the majority of the variation was due to genetic differences within the populations as compared with between subpopulations, and it was the same for both the cluster-based and distance-based methods. Genetic distance analysis was also studied to estimate the differences between the landraces from different countries, and it was observed that the maximum genetic distance (0.389) was between the landraces from Spain and Palestine, whereas the minimum genetic distance (0.013) was observed between the landraces from Syria and Turkey. It was concluded from the study that the model-based methods (DAPC and PCA) could dissect the population structure more precisely when compared with the STRUCTURE method. The population structure and genetic diversity analysis of the bread wheat landraces presented here highlight the complex genetic architecture of the landraces native to the Fertile Crescent region. The results of this study provide useful information for the genetic improvement of hexaploid wheat and facilitate the use of landraces in wheat breeding programs.
A Bayesian Approach to Unsupervised, Non-Intrusive Load Disaggregation

Estimating household energy use patterns and user consumption habits is a fundamental requirement for management and control techniques of demand response programs, leading to a growing interest in non-intrusive load disaggregation methods. In this work we propose a new methodology for disaggregating the electrical load of a household from low-frequency electrical consumption measurements obtained from a smart meter and contextual environmental information. The method proposed allows, with an unsupervised and non-intrusive approach, to separate loads into two components related to environmental conditions and occupants’ habits. We use a Bayesian approach, in which disaggregation is achieved by exploiting actual electrical load information to update the a priori estimate of user consumption habits, to obtain a probabilistic forecast with hourly resolution of the two components. We obtain a remarkably good accuracy for a benchmark dataset, higher than that obtained with other unsupervised methods and comparable to the results of supervised algorithms based on deep learning. The proposed procedure is of great application interest in that, from the knowledge of the time series of electricity consumption alone, it enables the identification of households from which it is possible to extract flexibility in energy demand and to realize the prediction of the respective load components.
Long-Term Variations in Retinal Parameters after Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery

Background: Cataract phacoemulsification surgery provides excellent refractive results; however, it also elicits changes in the posterior segment of the eye. This study aimed to determine changes in retinal parameters measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) after an uncomplicated cataract surgery, including the impact of effective phacoemulsification time (EPT). Methods: The study included 44 patients without retinal abnormalities, followed up after unilateral uncomplicated cataract phacoemulsification in a single ophthalmological unit. Patients were evaluated for the following parameters at baseline and at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months after the surgery: best corrected visual acuity, central retinal thickness (CRT), average central retinal thickness (CRTA), central retinal volume (cube volume (CV)), vessel density central (VDC), vessel density full (VDF), vessel perfusion central (VPC), and vessel perfusion full (VPF). The EPT recorded at each procedure was used as a covariant for the evaluation of changes in retinal parameters after the surgery. Analysis included 44 eyes for SD-OCT and 17 for OCTA evaluation, according to adopted scan quality thresholds. Results: A significant increase in CRT, CRTA, and CV was noted at each follow-up point compared with baseline. The rising tendency was observed in the first 3 months after the surgery, with a decline over the subsequent months. The VPF parameter showed a stable improvement after the surgery. The analysis of covariance did not confirm any significant effect of the EPT on variations in CRT, CV, CRTA, VDC, and VPF and there was a weak effect on the VDF parameter. Conclusions: Uncomplicated cataract surgery results in an increase in retinal thickness and volume in the first few months after the surgery, followed by a spontaneous decline in these parameters in the subsequent months. A long-standing improvement is noted in the VPF parameter.