Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MAPPING BUILT-UP AREAS USING TWO BAND RATIO ON LANDSAT IMAGERY OF ACCRA IN GHANA FROM 1980 TO 2017

Lack of historical land cover and urban growth governance structure makes spatial planning within the economic capitals of developing countries difficult. Monitoring urban built-up growth with in-situ methods is complicated. In this paper, long-term Landsat archive is utilised to map the built-up areas of Accra, the economic capital of Ghana, in Africa. Simple two band ratio and band combination is coupled with historic Google Earth imagery to monitor built-up dynamics from 1980-2017. A 10-year period was sub-divided into three parts each; early period, mid period and late period – for analysis. Maximum Likelihood classifier was used for the classification within the ENVI environment. The results show 11.90% as the highest and 4.63% as the lowest built-up growth rates between 2001-2005 and 1996-2000 respectively. Annual loss of non-built-up areas was 1.31%, and 48.57% over the entire study period. Water bodies lost 0.08% annually but 3.1% over the 37-year period. Highest and lowest overall accuracy were 87.18% and 81.31% respectively, with an average kappa coefficient of 0.7618. Gain in the built-up area was 1676.69 km 2 but non-built up areas lost 1576.10 km 2 while water bodies lost 100.60 km 2 . Results will be of interest to spatial planners, policy makers and land administrators.
DMRG investigation of constrained models: from quantum dimer and quantum loop ladders to hard-boson and Fibonacci anyon chains

Motivated by the presence of Ising transitions that take place entirely in the singlet sector of frustrated spin-1/2 ladders and spin-1 chains, we study two types of effective dimer models on ladders, a quantum dimer model and a quantum loop model. Building on the constraints imposed on the dimers, we develop a Density Matrix Renormalization Group algorithm that takes full advantage of the relatively small Hilbert space that only grows as Fibonacci number. We further show that both models can be mapped rigorously onto a hard-boson model first studied by Fendley, Sengupta and Sachdev [Phys. Rev. B 69, 075106 (2004)], and combining early results with recent results obtained with the present algorithm on this hard-boson model, we discuss the full phase diagram of these quantum dimer and quantum loop models, with special emphasis on the phase transitions. In particular, using conformal field theory, we fully characterize the Ising transition and the tricritical Ising end point, with a complete analysis of the boundary-field correspondence for the tricritical Ising point including partially polarized edges. Finally, we show that the Fibonacci anyon chain is exactly equivalent to special critical points of these models.
Chemical Abundances and Ages of the Bulge Stars in APOGEE High-velocity Peaks

A cold, high-velocity (HV, ∼200 km s−1) peak was first reported in several Galactic bulge fields based on the Apache Point Observatory Galaxy Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) commissioning observations. Both the existence and the nature of the HV peak are still under debate. Here we revisit this feature with the latest APOGEE DR13 data. We find that most of the low-latitude bulge fields display a skewed Gaussian distribution with an HV shoulder. However, only 3 out of 53 fields show distinct HV peaks around 200 km s−1. The velocity distribution can be well described by Gauss–Hermite polynomials, except for the three fields showing clear HV peaks. We find that the correlation between the skewness parameter (h3) and the mean velocity ( ), instead of a distinctive HV peak, is a strong indicator of the bar. It was recently suggested that the HV peak is composed of preferentially young stars. We choose three fields showing clear HV peaks to test this hypothesis using the metallicity, [α/M], and [C/N] as age proxies. We find that both young and old stars show HV features. The similarity between the chemical abundances of stars in the HV peaks and the main component indicates that they are not systematically different in terms of chemical abundance or age. In contrast, there are clear differences in chemical space between stars in the Sagittarius dwarf and the bulge stars. The strong HV peaks off-plane are still to be explained properly and could be different in nature.
541. Segregation of the structural variant responds for mastitis resistance in re-sequencing Nordic Holstein animals

An important source of genome sequence variations, structural variants (SVs), are largely ignored due to the difficulty to precisely calling these variants. In this study, we used whole genome sequence (WGS) data to capture the SVs in various breeds. We have identified 84,561 SVs in 567 WGS animals. When compared the called SVs with the major quantitative trait locus for mastitis resistance on chromosome 6 near to GC gene, we found a duplication (DUP) is highly similar to previous reported copy number variant. Even though the linkage disequilibrium between the lead SNP for mastitis resistance and the called DUP is not complete, the SVs profile we obtained still showed the potential for identifying functional variants.
A bootstrap test for additive outliers in non‐stationary time series

In this paper we propose a new procedure for detecting additive outliers in a univariate time series based on a bootstrap implementation of the test of Perron and Rodríguez (2003, Journal of Time Series Analysis 24, 193‐220). This procedure is used to test the null hypothesis that a time series is uncontaminated by additive outliers against the alternative that one or more additive outliers are present. We demonstrate that the existing tests of, inter alia, Vogelsang (1999, Journal of Time Series Analysis 20, 237–52) Perron and Rodríguez (2003) and Burridge and Taylor (2006, Journal of Time Series Analysis 27, 685–701) are unable to strike a balance between size and power when the order of integration of a time series is unknown and the time series is driven by innovations drawn from an unknown distribution. We show that the proposed bootstrap testing procedure is able to control size to such an extent that its size properties are comparable with the robust test of Burridge and Taylor (2006) when the distribution of the innovations is not assumed known, whilst maintaining power in the Gaussian environment close to that of the test of Perron and Rodríguez (2003).
Tekirdağ İlinde Yetiştirilen Karacabey Merinosu x Kıvırcık Melezi Kuzularda Büyüme Eğrisinin Farklı Modellerle Belirlenmesi

Bu calisma ile Karacabey Merinosu x Kivircik melezi kuzularin dogum - 101 gunluk yaslar arasi donemde gostermis olduklari canli agirliklar kullanilarak buyumenin zamana gore degisimini ifade eden cesitli buyume egrilerine iliskin parametrelerin tahmini ve buyume modellerinin karsilastirilmasi amaclanmistir. Bu amacla Gompertz, Logistik ve dogrusal model kullanilmistir. Uygulanan modeller icinden hangisinin daha uygun olup olmadigi konusunda belirleme katsayilari (R2) ile her modele iliskin canli agirlik ortalamalarinin gozlenen ve tahminlenen degerleri arasindaki sapmalarinin kareleri toplamindan (SKT) yararlanilmistir. Analizler cinsiyet faktorunun etkisi dikkate alinarak erkek, disi ve genel olmak uzere uc grup halinde degerlendirilmistir. Arastirma sonunda sapma kareler toplami disi kuzularda Gompertz modelde 3.14, Logistik modelde 4.47 ve dogrusal modelde ise 4.73, erkek kuzular icin ise sapma kareler toplami Gompertz modelde 7.06 Logistik modelde 15.83 ve dogrusal modelde ise 15.85 olarak bulunmustur. 1 Bu arastirma „‟Tekirdag Ilinde Halk Elinde Yetistirilen Karacabey Merinosu x Kivircik Melezi Kuzular ile Saanen Melezi Oglaklarinda Canli Agirlik – Vucut Olculeri Iliskileri ve Bazi Buyume Modellerinin Belirlenmesi „‟ isimli yuksek lisans tezinin bir kisim sonuclarindan yararlanilarak hazirlanmistir. degisimlerin egrisel olarak ifade edilmesine buyume egrisi denilmektedir. Bir canlinin agirlik ve beden olculerinde belirli bir zaman surecinde meydana gelen degisimler genellikle buyume egrisi modelleriyle aciklanir. Hayvancilikta en uygun kesim yasinin belirlenmesi, canlinin genel saglik durumu hakkinda bilgi edinilmesi, damizlikta kullanma yasinin belirlenmesi, eseysel olgunluk yasinin belirlenmesi, seleksiyonun buyume egrisi parametreleri uzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi gibi konularda buyume egrileri kullanilmaktadir (Dogan, 2003). Buyume egrilerinin sekli; canli turune, irkina, cevre sartlarina, hayvanin cinsiyetine, yasina ve olculen karakterin yapisina gore farklilik gosterir. Buyume egrilerinde farkli yaslardaki buyume ozellikleri incelenmektedir. Buyume egrileri, canlinin genel saglik ve beslenme durumu hakkinda bilgi vermekle kalmaz, parametreleri ekonomik degeri yuksek olan bir karakter icin seleksiyon isleminde kullanilarak canlinin kantitatif bir ozelligi tahmin edilebilir (Colak ve ark., 2006)
On the Keplerian Rotation Curves of Galaxies

We propose a criterion for examining whether or not the uncertainty of the outer rotation curves is sufficiently small to distinguish a Keplerian rotation curve from flat ones. We have applied this criterion to both Keplerian and non-Keplerian rotation curves so far obtained, and investigated their relative fraction. We also studied the minimum extent of the dark halos indicated by non-Keplerian rotation curves using the criterion. We have found that one cannot rule out the possibility that a significant fraction of rotation curves become Keplerian within 10-times the disk scale length. If the Keplerian rotation curves so far observed trace the mass truncation, several galaxies may have rather small halos, the extent of which is not larger than twice that of the optical disk.
From Giant H ii regions and H ii galaxies to globular clusters and compact dwarf ellipticals

Massive starforming regions like Giant H ii Regions (GHIIR) and H ii Galaxies (HIIG) are emission line systems ionized by compact young massive star clusters (YMC) with masses ranging from 104M⊙ to 108M⊙. We model the photometric and dynamical evolution over a Hubble time of the massive gravitationally bound systems that populate the tight relation between absolute blue magnitude and velocity dispersion (MB − σ) of GHIIR and HIIG and compare the resulting relation with that one of old stellar systems: globular clusters, elliptical galaxies, bulges of spirals. After 12 Gyr of evolution their position on the σ vs. MB plane coincides – depending on the initial mass – either with the globular clusters for systems with initial mass M 106M⊙. The slope change in the MB − σ and MB-size relations at cluster masses around 106M⊙ is due to the larger impact of the dynamical evolution on the lower mass clusters. We interpret our result as an indication that the YMC that ionize GHIIR and HIIG can evolve to form globular clusters and ultra compact dwarf ellipticals in about 12 Gyr so that present day globular clusters and ultra compact dwarf ellipticals may have formed in conditions similar to those observed in today GHIIR and HIIG.
Documenting Inter-personal Conﬂicts in Senegal during the First Quarter the 20th Century using Dispute Registries from native courts

Résumé : Au début du 20ème siècle, en Afrique Occidentale Française, l’administration coloniale française crée de nouveaux organes, les "tribunaux indigènes", pour réguler les tensions et conﬂits entre les personnes de statut indigène. Le suivi de l’activité de ces tribunaux a produit plusieurs jeux de données qui offrent une opportunité unique de documenter les conﬂits interpersonnels dans des économies sous domination coloniale et dont les structures se transforment rapidement. Cet article a trois objectifs : (i) décrire le cadre institutionnel qui a permis la production des données sur lesquelles se base cette recherche - Les Etats Récapitulatifs des Jugements ; (ii) détailler notre méthode de compilation des séries temporelles des litiges arbitrés par les tribunaux indigènes pour le Sénégal ; et (iii) décrire quelques tendances de la dynamique des litiges arbitrés par les tribunaux indigènes pour le Sénégal. Nous concluons en discutant de la manière dont cette base de données pourrait être utilisée pour mieux comprendre les déterminants de la demande d’arbitrage des litiges par les tribunaux indigènes, ainsi que les arbitrages faits par les juges. Abstract : In the early 20th century, new litigation bodies, the so-called ‘native courts’, were created and managed by the French colonial administration to regulate relations between native people. The monitoring of court activity has generated high-frequency litigation data. Such data provide a unique opportunity to document interpersonal conﬂict in a context of colonial rule that is undergoing rapid transformation. This paper has three objectives: (i) describe the institutional framework allowing for the emergence of the data on which this research is based –Les Etats Récapitulatifs–; (ii) detail our method to compile time series of disputes arbitrated by native courts; (iii) describe certain trends in the dynamics of disputes arbitrated by native courts. We conclude by discussing how this database could be used to better understand the economic and political roots of interpersonal conﬂict.
Tailored Stories

I study the problem of persuading a boundedly rational agent without controlling or knowing the piece of information she observes. Persuasion occurs by providing models whereby the persuader can communicate ways of interpreting observable signals. The key assumption is that the agent adopts the model that best ﬁts what is observed, given her initial beliefs, and takes the action that maximizes her expected utility under the adopted model. I characterize the extent of belief manipulability in this setting and show that the agent may hold inconsistent beliefs across signal realizations — posterior beliefs across realizations do not average to the prior — because each signal may trigger the adoption of a diﬀerent model. While persuasion can mislead the agent, the extent to which she is vulnerable to it is driven by her initial beliefs. Polarization is inevitable if agents with suf-ﬁciently diﬀerent priors are exposed to the same conﬂicting models. I apply this framework to political polarization, conﬂict of interests in ﬁnance, lobbying, and self-persuasion.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION INTERVALS AND TREATMENTS ON YIELD QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF POTATO ( SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN SULAIMANI, IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION

This study was carried out in two growing spring seasons 2017 and 2018 at Kanipanka Agricultural Research Station (Lat. 35°13’12”, Long. 45°25’48”, 550 MASL) in Shahrazoor valley 35 km east of Sulaimani. The aim was to investigate the effect of two irrigation intervals (5 and 10 days) and thirteen biotic and abiotic treatments on yield quantity and quality of potato under field condition. The results showed that the 5 days irrigation intervals gave the maximum values of total yield, Total Soluble Solute percentage, while 10 days of irrigation intervals obtained the highest values of tuber hardness and all of the amino acids in the tuber seasons 2017 and 2018, while the maximum values of total yield were acquired through mycorrhizal inoculation. Total Soluble Solute and tuber hardness were achieved by potassium chloride treatment. Whereas the maximum values of all amino acid in the tuber were given by the mycorrhizal inoculation treatment with (6 g L -1 ) of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract in the first season 2017. Concerning the second season 2018, the maximum total yield gave by treatment of potassium chloride and (6 g L -1 ) of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, while the potassium chloride treatment gave the maximum values of Total Soluble in the tuber.
Sample variance in the local measurements of the Hubble constant

The current $>3\sigma$ tension between the Hubble constant $H_0$ measured from local distance indicators and from cosmic microwave background is one of the most highly debated issues in cosmology, as it possibly indicates new physics or unknown systematics. In this work, we explore whether this tension can be alleviated by the sample variance in the local measurements, which use a small fraction of the Hubble volume. We use a large-volume cosmological $N$-body simulation to model the local measurements and to quantify the variance due to local density fluctuations and sample selection. We explicitly take into account the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of type Ia supernovae. Despite the faithful modelling of the observations, our results confirm previous findings that sample variance in the local Hubble constant $(H_0^{\rm loc})$ measurements is small; we find $\sigma(H_0^{\rm loc})=0.31\,{\rm km\ s^{-1}Mpc^{-1}}$, a nearly negligible fraction of the $\sim6\,{\rm km\ s^{-1}Mpc^{-1}}$ necessary to explain the difference between the local and the global $H_0$ measurements. While the $H_0$ tension could in principle be explained by our local neighbourhood being a underdense region of radius $\sim 150 \,\rm Mpc$ , the extreme required underdensity of such a void $(\delta\simeq -0.8)$ makes it very unlikely in a $\Lambda$CDM universe, and it also violates existing observational constraints. Therefore, sample variance in a $\Lambda$CDM universe cannot appreciably alleviate the tension in $H_0$ measurements even after taking into account the inhomogeneous selection of type Ia supernovae.
26. Phenotypic differences and genetic parameters for methane concentration in BeefxDairy crossbred slaughter calves

Genetic selection for reduced methane emission and BeefxDairy crossbreeding are strategies to lower the climate impact of beef. Combined they require knowledge of phenotypes on methane production for BeefxDairy offspring. Slaughter calves sired by Belgian Blue, Charolaise and Angus sires to Holstein dams were compared to purebred Holstein calves. Heritability for methane concentration (CH 4 c) were estimated for Belgian blue crosses. Raw phenotypic means showed that CH 4 c was lower for calves born after Charolaise and Angus sires compared to Belgian Blue. The heritability of log transformed CH4c for Belgian blue crosses was estimated to be 0.44 (±0.08), and for log transformed CH4c adjusted for background CH4 it was 0.33 (±0.06). This is in line with heritabilities found for log transformed CH 4 c in Holstein cows, and will be the basis for further analysis in genetic architecture of methane traits in crossbred slaughter calves.
Pattern of utilization of pharmacy value-added services in 2019 and 2020 at health facilities in Selangor, Malaysia

Pharmacy value-added services (PVAS) include any innovative pharmacy activities to facilitate and aid the refilling of medications. In Malaysia, the government has invested in infrastructure development, promotional activities, and manpower to enhance PVAS utilization. In this study, PVAS data for the years 2019 and 2020 that were obtained from all public health facilities in the state of Selangor, Malaysia, were analyzed to identify the pattern of PVAS utilization. A reduction in the total number of new and refill prescriptions was observed in 2020. The number of patients enrolled in a PVAS program increased by 44.5% in 2020. Overall, totals of 222,358 and 416,635 prescriptions were supplied through the PVAS programs in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The most common PVAS that was newly offered in 2020 was the medicines by post (locally known as Ubat Melalui Pos ) service. The service was also the most utilized PVAS by patients in 2020. The average waiting time per prescription for patients receiving their medications from the outpatient pharmacies at the hospitals increased slightly in 2020 but was reduced at the health clinics. Activities such as campaigns to promote PVAS can be undertaken to further enhance the utilization of the services at public health facilities.
C ONTRASTIVE P ROMPT T UNING I MPROVES G ENERALIZATION IN V ISION -L ANGUAGE M ODELS

on sharpening temperature τ l . To study the effect of varying the sharpening temperature for the relational contrastive loss, we fix the value of τ z to 0 . 04 and vary τ l to values 0 . 01 , 0 . 04 , 0 . 07 , 0 . 10 and find the best performance at τ l = 0 . 07 .
Smart Devices for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation - Literature Review

:- The most commonly experienced cardiac arrhythmia and the most associated with significant clinical occurrences and expenses is Atrial fibrillation (AF) . Predominantly Due to advances in diagnosis methods, AF has been reported a greater and increasing frequency. By 2030, 14 – 17 million AF cases are anticipated in the European Union, with 120 000 – 215 000 newly diagnosed patients per year. Estimates suggest approximately 3% of adults aged 20 years or older are likely of contracting the condition. AF is independently associated with a two-fold a doubly increased risk of all-cause mortality in women and a 1.5-fold increase in men. The silent form of AF is incidentally diagnosed during routine physical examinations, pre-operative assessments, or population surveys. Unfortunately,, in certain cases, silent AF is revealed only after complications such as a stroke or congestive heart failure have transpired. New smart devices present impactful advantages in the detection of this cardiac arrhythmia. However, the widespread use of these devices, and the large number of free apps with varying degrees of certification, may lead to a great amount of misleading information causing anxiety about arrhythmic occurrences diagnosed by the devices but not professionally confirmed. The possibility of illegitimate or inaccurate results causing panic in the general population would merely convert a solution into a problem. Therefore, it is important to find the best smart device for detection of atrial fibrillation.
Replicated Versioned Data Structures for Wide-Area Distributed Systems

In this work, we investigate the integration of replicated versioned data structures and append-only distributed storage systems. Doing so facilitates high availability and scalability while providing developer access to different versions of program data structures across program executions. Modern distributed systems such as the Internet of Things (IoT) often employ multi-tiered (cloud/edge/sensors) architectures consisting of a wide array of heterogeneous devices generating data frequently. Hence system availability is imperative to avoid data loss, while scalability is required for the efficient operation of the system not only within the same tier but across different tiers as well. Our proposed approach replicates, persists, and versions program data structures such as binary search trees and linked lists for use in distributed IoT applications. The versioning and persistence of these structures aid failure recovery and facilitate system debugging from its inception instead of making such considerations an afterthought. Moreover, our experiments suggest versioned data structures can perform better in applications performing high volumes of temporal queries versus traditional methods of persisting data (e.g., in a database). We empirically evaluate the overheads associated with versioning and storage persistence of program data structures, present experimental results for multiple end-to-end applications, and demonstrate the scalability of this approach.