Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Finishing and Polishing Time, Technique and Surface Coating on Microleakage of Encapsulated Restorative Resin Modified Glass Ionomer: An In Vitro Study

Background and Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of finishing and polishing time, technique and surface coating on microleakage of encapsulated restorative resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 40 freshly extracted human premolars were selected. Two standard class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth. The prepared teeth were randomly assigned to eight experimental groups (n=10) according to the finishing and polishing time, technique and surface coating. The samples were blindly examined for marginal microleakage using a stereomicroscope at x40 magnification. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the obtained data with the level of significance set at P<0.05. Results: Groups with surface coating showed significantly lower microleakage than uncoated samples (P<0.001). The groups in which discs were used had lower microleakage (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with delayed or immediate finishing and polishing (P>0.05). Our results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between enamel and dentinal walls with regard to marginal microleakage scores (P>0.05). Conclusion: Immediate finishing and polishing of coated restorations with Sof-Lex discs decreases their marginal microleakage. Also, it is more effective at the gingival margin.
1 Paleogeographic controls on the evolution of Late Cretaceous ocean 1 circulation 2

15 Understanding of the role of ocean circulation on climate during the Late Cretaceous is 16 contingent on the ability to reconstruct its modes and evolution. Geochemical proxies used to infer 17 modes of past circulation provide conflicting interpretations for the reorganization of the ocean 18 circulation through the Late Cretaceous. Here, we present climate model simulations of the 19 Cenomanian (100.5 – 93.9 Ma) and Maastrichtian (72.1 – 66.1 Ma) stages of the Cretaceous with the 20 CCSM4 earth system model. We focus on intermediate (500 – 1500 m) and deep (> 1500 m) ocean 21 circulation, and show that while there is continuous deep-water production in the southwest Pacific, 22 major circulation changes occur between the Cenomanian and Maastrichtian. Opening of the Atlantic 23 and Southern Ocean, in particular, drives a transition from a mostly zonal circulation to enhanced 24 meridional exchange. Using additional experiments to test the effect of deepening of major ocean 25 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-157 Preprint. Discussion started: 16 January 2020 c © Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License.
Update on Cryptosporidium spp.: highlights from the Seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference

While cryptosporidiosis is recognized as being among the most common causes of human parasitic diarrhea in the world, there is currently limited knowledge on Cryptosporidium infection mechanisms, incomplete codification of diagnostic methods, and a need for additional therapeutic options. In response, the Seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference (IGCC 2019) was hosted from 23 to 26 June 2019, at the Rouen Normandy University, France. This trusted event brought together an international delegation of researchers to synthesize recent advances and identify key research questions and knowledge gaps. The program of the interdisciplinary conference included all aspects of host-parasite relationships from basic research to applications to human and veterinary medicine, and environmental issues associated with waterborne parasites and their epidemiological consequences. In relation to Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis, the primary research areas for which novel findings and the most impressive communications were presented and discussed included: Cryptosporidium in environmental waters, seafood, and fresh produce; Animal epidemiology; Human cryptosporidiosis and epidemiology; Genomes and genomic evolution encompassing: Comparative genomics of Cryptosporidium spp. , Genomic insights into biology, Acquiring and utilizing genome sequences, Genetic manipulation; Host-parasite interaction (immunology, microbiome); and Diagnosis and treatment. High quality presentations discussed at the conference reflected decisive progress and identified new opportunities that will engage investigators and funding agencies to spur future research in a “one health” approach to improve basic knowledge and the clinical and public health management of zoonotic cryptosporidiosis.
Pathways Linking Intimate Partner Violence and Postpartum Depression Among Jewish and Arab Women in Israel

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major risk factor for postpartum depression (PPD), with 9% to 28% of PPD cases reporting IPV at some point in their lives. Yet little is known about how these phenomena are associated. We asked, “What direct and indirect pathways link IPV to PPD in women belonging to different ethnic–national groups in Israel? ” We recruited a stratified sample of Jewish and Arab women, 18 to 48 years old and 6 months postpartum, during their visits to maternal and child health clinics. We computed path analyses to identify both direct and indirect predictors linking IPV frequency and PPD in a stratified sample of Jewish (n = 807) and Arab (n = 248) women. The overall rate of PPD was estimated at 10.3%, whereas the rate of IPV for the total sample was 36%. We identified a direct link between IPV and PPD. IPV also appeared to have an equivalent, indirect effect on PPD via greater chronic stress and reduced social support. IPV was greater and social support was lower for Arab women, who also reported higher PPD, independent of sociodemographic differences between ethnic groups (i.e., education, occupation). Of note, an unplanned pregnancy appeared to increase the risk of both IPV and PPD. Our findings suggest that complex pathways link IPV to PPD and that indirect effects of IPV are equivalent to its direct effects on postpartum women. These findings contribute to a growing international body of research showing the significant effects of IPV on health and well-being. The factors we identified as directly and indirectly associated with PPD might inform interventions to identify and treat PPD.
Inner Ear Arginine Vasopressin-Vasopressin Receptor 2-Aquaporin 2 Signaling Pathway Is Involved in the Induction of Motion Sickness

It has been identified that arginine vasopressin (AVP), vasopressin receptor 2(V2R), and the aquaporin 2 (AQP2) signaling pathway in the inner ear play important roles in hearing and balance functions through regulating the endolymph equilibrium; however, the contributions of this signaling pathway to the development of motion sickness are unclear. The present study was designed to investigate whether the activation of the AVP-V2R-AQP2 signaling pathway in the inner ear is involved in the induction of motion sickness and whether mozavaptan, a V2R antagonist, could reduce motion sickness. We found that both rotatory stimulus and intraperitoneal AVP injection induced conditioned taste aversion (a confirmed behavioral index for motion sickness) in rats and activated the AVP-V2R-AQP2 signaling pathway with a responsive V2R downregulation in the inner ears, and AVP perfusion in cultured epithelial cells from rat endolymphatic sacs induced similar changes in this pathway signaling. Vestibular training, V2R antagonist mozavaptan, or PKA inhibitor H89 blunted these changes in the V2R-AQP2 pathway signaling while reducing rotatory stimulus– or DDAVP (a V2R agonist)-induced motion sickness in rats and dogs. Therefore, our results suggest that activation of the inner ear AVP-V2R-AQP2 signaling pathway is potentially involved in the development of motion sickness; thus, mozavaptan targeting AVP V2Rs in the inner ear may provide us with a new application option to reduce motion sickness. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Motion sickness affects many people traveling or working. In the present study our results showed that activation of the inner ear arginine vasopressin-vaspopressin receptor 2 (V2R)-aquaporin 2 signaling pathway was potentially involved in the development of motion sickness and that blocking V2R with mozavaptan, a V2R antagonist, was much more effective in reducing motion sickness in both rat and dog; therefore, we demonstrated a new mechanism to underlie motion sickness and a new candidate drug to reduce motion sickness.
Neurofunctional correlates of eye to hand motor transfer

This work investigates the transfer of motor learning from the eye to the hand and its neural correlates by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a sensorimotor task consisting of the continuous tracking of a virtual target. In pretraining evaluation, all the participants (experimental and control group) performed the tracking task inside an MRI scanner using their right hand and a joystick. After which, the experimental group practiced an eye‐controlled version of the task for 5 days using an eye tracking system outside the MRI environment. Post‐training evaluation was done 1 week after the first scanning session, where all the participants were scanned again while repeating the manual pretraining task. Behavioral results show that the training in the eye‐controlled task produced a better performance not only in the eye‐controlled modality (motor learning) but also in the hand‐controlled modality (motor transfer). Neural results indicate that eye to hand motor transfer is supported by the motor cortex, the basal ganglia and the cerebellum, which is consistent with previous research focused on other effectors. These results may be of interest in neurorehabilitation to activate the motor systems and help in the recovery of motor functions in stroke or movement disorder patients.
Evaluation of nuclear NF-κB, transglutaminase2, and ERCC1 as predictors of platinum resistance in testicular tumors

ABSTRACT Purpose: Testicular germ cells tumor (TGCT) are associated with a high cure rate and are treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. However, a group of testicular cancer patients may have a very unfavorable evolution and insensitivity to the main therapeutic agent chemotherapy (CT) cisplatin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of recurrence and overall survival related to the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) in patients with TGCT treated with platinum combinations. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was performed with TGCT patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed and the expression was correlated with clinical and laboratory data. Results: Fifty patients were included, the mean age was 28.4 years (18 to 45), and 76% were non-seminoma. All patients were treated with standard cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin or cisplatin, and etoposide. Patient’s analyzed immunodetection for NF-κB, TG2, and ERCC1 were positive in 76%, 54% and 42%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified that positive expressions to ERCC1 and NF-κB are independent risk factors for higher recurrence TGCT after chemotherapy (RR 2.96 and 3.16, respectively). Patients with positive expression of ERCC1 presented a poor overall survival rate for 10-year follow (p=0.001). Conclusions: The expression of ERCC1 and NF-κB give a worse prognosis for relapse, and only ERCC1 had an influence on the overall survival of TGCT patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. These may represent markers that predict poor clinical outcome and response to cisplatin.
Impact of malnutrition in the embolic-haemorrhagic trade-off of elderly patients with atrial fibrillation.

AIMS Nutrition is an important determinant of health above the age of 80 years. Malnutrition in the elderly is often underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence and prognostic value of malnutrition in patients ≥80 years old with atrial fibrillation (AF) with and without anticoagulant therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed the nutritional status of 4724 octogenarian patients with diagnoses of AF in a single centre from Spain between 2014 and 2017 with the CONUT score. Malnutrition was confirmed in 2036 patients (43.1%). Anticoagulation prescription was more frequent in patients with good nutrition than in those malnourished (79.5% vs. 71.7%, P < 0.001). The impact of malnutrition on mortality was evaluated by Cox regression, whereas its association with ischaemic stroke and major bleeding was studied through competing risk analysis. After multivariate adjusting, malnutrition was associated with mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-1.49], stroke [sub-distribution HR (sHR) 1.37, 95% CI 1.10-1.69], and major bleeding (sHR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.64). In anticoagulated patients, the embolic-haemorrhagic trade-off event was virtually neutral for those who had normal nutritional status [average daily rates (ADRs) for stroke and bleeding: 4.70 and 4.69 per 100 000 patients/day, respectively; difference = +0.01 per 100 000 patients/day; P = 0.99] and negative for those with malnutrition (ADR for stroke and bleeding: 5.38 and 7.61 per 100 000 patients/day, respectively; difference = -2.23 per 100 000 patients/day; P = 0.07). CONCLUSION Malnutrition is very common in octogenarian patients with AF, being a clinical predictor for poor prognosis. For anticoagulated patients, malnutrition was associated with a negative embolic-haemorrhagic balance.
The receptor tyrosine kinase Ror is required for dendrite regeneration in Drosophila neurons

While many regulators of axon regeneration have been identified, very little is known about mechanisms that allow dendrites to regenerate after injury. Using a Drosophila model of dendrite regeneration, we performed a candidate screen of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and found a requirement for RTK-like orphan receptor (Ror). We confirmed that Ror was required for regeneration in two different neuron types using RNA interference (RNAi) and mutants. Ror was not required for axon regeneration or normal dendrite development, suggesting a specific role in dendrite regeneration. Ror can act as a Wnt coreceptor with frizzleds (fzs) in other contexts, so we tested the involvement of Wnt signaling proteins in dendrite regeneration. We found that knockdown of fz, dishevelled (dsh), Axin, and gilgamesh (gish) also reduced dendrite regeneration. Moreover, Ror was required to position dsh and Axin in dendrites. We recently found that Wnt signaling proteins, including dsh and Axin, localize microtubule nucleation machinery in dendrites. We therefore hypothesized that Ror may act by regulating microtubule nucleation at baseline and during dendrite regeneration. Consistent with this hypothesis, localization of the core nucleation protein γTubulin was reduced in Ror RNAi neurons, and this effect was strongest during dendrite regeneration. In addition, dendrite regeneration was sensitive to partial reduction of γTubulin. We conclude that Ror promotes dendrite regeneration as part of a Wnt signaling pathway that regulates dendritic microtubule nucleation.
Classifications and Clinical Assessment of Haemorrhoids:The Proctologist's Corner.

BACKGROUND Haemorrhoidal disease (HD) is a benign condition affecting a considerable part of adult population. HD can be considered a social and economic burden with high impact on patient lifestyle. Several new techniques and devices have been proposed for HD treatment; however, preoperative assessment is essential and the use of classification system is recommended. METHODS In the last two decades many studies described the preoperative assessment and several attempts of classification for HD. This review focuses on the most relevant studies found in literature where classification systems and clinical evaluation with differential diagnosis have been evaluated. RESULTS The knowledge of classification systems and differential diagnosis for HD has been shown to play a central role in the clinical assessment and in the best treatment choice. Although there are new challenging techniques and devices for HD treatment, a preoperative assessment is always mandatory. CONCLUSION Preoperative clinical evaluation is essential for HD patient treatment and outcome. Classification systems are useful for the therapeutic choice and for researches on new medical or surgical treatments. In fact, the international guidelines advise several therapeutic options depending on the severity of the HD.
Crosstalk between HER2 and PD-1/PD-L1 in Breast Cancer: From Clinical Applications to Mathematical Models

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in women worldwide. The most aggressive breast cancer subtypes are human epidermal growth factor receptor-positive (HER2+) and triple-negative breast cancers. Therapies targeting HER2 receptors have significantly improved HER2+ breast cancer patient outcomes. However, several recent studies have pointed out the deficiency of existing treatment protocols in combatting disease relapse and improving response rates to treatment. Overriding the inherent actions of the immune system to detect and annihilate cancer via the immune checkpoint pathways is one of the important hallmarks of cancer. Thus, restoration of these pathways by various means of immunomodulation has shown beneficial effects in the management of various types of cancers, including breast. We herein review the recent progress in the management of HER2+ breast cancer via HER2-targeted therapies, and its association with the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis. In order to link research in the areas of medicine and mathematics and point out specific opportunities for providing efficient theoretical analysis related to HER2+ breast cancer management, we also review mathematical models pertaining to the dynamics of HER2+ breast cancer and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Ocena zachowań seksualnych kobiet karmiących

Wstep . W artykule scharakteryzowano wspolzycie seksualne kobiet w okresie poporodowym podczas karmienia dziecka. Material i metody . Badaniami objeto 100 karmiących matek w okresie do 12 miesiecy po pologu. Jako metode zastosowano ankiete opracowaną przez autorow artykulu. Wyniki . Zbadano czestośc wspolzycia seksualnego, satysfakcje seksualną par oraz przyczyny trudności w tym zakresie związane z sytuacją rodziny po urodzeniu dziecka oraz dolegliwościami poporodowymi i procesem laktacji. Poznano samoocene kobiet dotyczącą obserwacji powrotu plodności po porodzie oraz preferowane metody antykoncepcji. Oceniono poziom edukacji zdrowotnej prowadzonej przez personel medyczny na temat wspolzycia seksualnego w okresie poporodowym oraz stosowania antykoncepcji. Wnioski . W okresie karmienia piersią nastepuje zmniejszenie potrzeb seksualnych kobiet oraz czestości wspolzycia. Na wystepowanie trudności we wspolzyciu wplywają zmiana stylu zycia związana z karmieniem naturalnym oraz opieką nad dzieckiem, lek przed zajściem w nastepną ciąze oraz typowe dolegliwości poporodowe. Wiekszośc kobiet w okresie poporodowym i podczas karmienia piersią nie prowadzi obserwacji objawow powrotu plodności. Najcześciej stosowanymi metodami antykoncepcji w tym okresie są prezerwatywy i stosunek przerywany. Wiekszośc kobiet karmiących nie uzyskala od personelu medycznego koniecznych informacji na temat wspolzycia seksualnego w okresie poporodowym oraz stosowania antykoncepcji.
Applied mechanical loading to mouse hindlimb acutely increases skeletal perfusion and chronically enhanced vascular porosity.

Blood supply is essential for osteogenesis, yet its relationship to load-related increases in bone mass is poorly defined. Herein, we aim to investigate the link between load-induced osteogenesis and the blood supply (bone perfusion and vascular porosity) using an established osteogenic non-invasive model of axial loading. Accordingly, 12N mechanical loads were applied to the right tibiae of six male C57BL6 mice at 10-12 weeks of age, 3 times/week for two weeks. Skeletal perfusion was measured acutely (post-loading) and chronically in loaded and contralateral, non-loaded hindlimbs by Laser Doppler imaging. Vascular and lacunar porosity of the cortical bone and tibia load-related changes in trabecular and cortical bone were measured by nanoCT and micro-CT, respectively. We found that the mean skeletal perfusion (loaded: non-loaded limb ratio) increased by 56% immediately following the first loading episode (versus baseline, P<0.01) and a similar increase was observed after all loading episodes demonstrating that these acute responses were conserved for 2 weeks of loading. Loading failed however to engender any significant chronic changes in mean perfusion between the beginning and the end of the experiment. In contrast, two weeks of loading engendered increased vascular canal number in the tibial cortical compartment (midshaft) and, as expected, also increased trabecular and cortical bone volumes and modified tibial architecture in the loaded limb. Our results indicate that each episode of loading both generates acute enhancement in skeletal blood perfusion and also stimulates chronic vascular architectural changes in the bone cortices which coincide with load-induced increases in bone mass.
Selenium, Zinc, and Manganese Status in Pregnant Women and Its Relation to Maternal and Child Complications

Micronutrients, as essential components of prenatal care, are important to reduce the risk for maternal and child morbidity and mortality by lowering pregnancy-related complications. The present study aimed to investigate the status of the trace elements, i.e., selenium, zinc, and manganese in pregnant and non-pregnant women from a developing country and to evaluate its relationship with maternal and child complications. Selenium, zinc, and manganese concentrations were measured in the blood serum of 80 pregnant women and compared with 40 non-pregnant healthy controls. The quantitative analyses of trace elements were performed by using the inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. The information about the dietary habits of the study participants was recorded by using a food frequency questionnaire. The results showed significant lower selenium and zinc levels in pregnant women as compared to the controls (2.26 ± 1.09 vs. 2.76 ± 1.15 µmol/L, p = 0.031; 21.86 ± 7.21 vs. 29.54 ± 7.62 µmol/L, p < 0.001) respectively, with no difference in manganese concentrations (1.40 ± 0.09 vs.1.38 ± 0.09 log10 nmol/L, p = 0.365). Regarding maternal and child complications, higher manganese levels were associated with an increased odds ratio for maternal complications (OR = 3.175, CI (95%) 1.631−6.181; p = 0.038). Consumption of dairy products was associated with lower selenium and manganese values. Pregnant women showed a lower serum selenium and zinc status, and in addition elevated serum manganese concentrations, which might be associated with a higher risk for maternal pregnancy/birth complications, although more studies are necessary to evaluate this association.