Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Removal of colouring materials from Egyptian albite ore

Albite (sodium feldspar) is widely used in glass and ceramic industries. The presence of colouring materials such as titanium dioxide and iron oxide reduces the quality of feldspar. To use albite feldspar in fine ceramic and high quality glass, colouring materials should be removed. This work aims to remove the colouring materials in the albite by using both dry magnetic separation and flotation techniques. The experimental programme involves crushing, grinding, sieving, dry magnetic separation and indirect flotation of colouring materials. The grinding was used to prepare different sizes varied from 100 to 500 µm for dry magnetic separation and flotation. The different parameters such as the effect of particle size, the dosage of sodium oleate and the effect of pH were studied. Results of flotation of colouring material and high intensity magnetic separation showed that at sizes varied from 500 to 300 µm, ∼90% of iron oxide and titanium oxide were removed. The iron oxide decreased from 1˙85 to 0˙2% where the titanium oxide decreased from 0˙35 to 0˙03% in the concentrate. This concentrate could be suitable for fine ceramic and high quality glass. In the case of flotation of fine fraction from 200 to 100 µm, the removal percentages of iron and titanium were ∼86 and 72˙6% respectively.
Attitudes toward evidence‐based clinical decision support tools to reduce exposure to ionizing radiation: The Canadian CT Head Rule

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A large degree of variation in clinical practice exists among clinicians evaluating and treating individuals with minor head injuries. Noncontrast head computerized tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to assess for intracranial damage in patients presenting with head injury. This practice is not supported by the evidence and poses harm to patients by increasing exposure to ionizing radiation. This form of radiation exposure increases the risk of developing cancers over the course of the individual's life, and further strains the limited resources of the healthcare system. PROJECT SUMMARY This article describes the findings of an evidence-based practice project assessing the attitudes of clinicians toward an evidence-based clinical decision support tool (Canadian CT Head Rule [CCHR]). The CCHR has 100% sensitivity in detecting all clinically important brain injuries and any injury requiring neurosurgical intervention. This clinical decision support (CDS) tool is designed to help guide clinicians in the prudent use of head CT scans in people ages 16-64 that have sustained minor head injuries. The Evidence-Based Attitude Scale was also used to identify which domains were most influential on willingness to adopt into clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed an 84% increase in clinician knowledge of the use of the CCHR. A majority (83%) of participants reported moderate likelihood of adoption of the CDS tool into clinical practice if they found the tool appealing, and it was required by a governing authority. The use of CDS tools can help healthcare providers mitigate the risk associated with caring for complex patients. CDS tools provide a systematic method to evaluate patients with minor head injuries while assuring consistency of care and quality outcomes. This practice of assuring consistency and good patient outcomes is foundational to the concept of standard of care, which serves to improve clinical practice.
Design and Fabrication of Soft Artificial Skin Using Embedded Microchannels and Liquid Conductors

We describe the design, fabrication, and calibration of a highly compliant artificial skin sensor. The sensor consists of multilayered mircochannels in an elastomer matrix filled with a conductive liquid, capable of detecting multiaxis strains and contact pressure. A novel manufacturing method comprised of layered molding and casting processes is demonstrated to fabricate the multilayered soft sensor circuit. Silicone rubber layers with channel patterns, cast with 3-D printed molds, are bonded to create embedded microchannels, and a conductive liquid is injected into the microchannels. The channel dimensions are 200 μm (width) × 300 μm (height). The size of the sensor is 25 mm × 25 mm, and the thickness is approximately 3.5 mm. The prototype is tested with a materials tester and showed linearity in strain sensing and nonlinearity in pressure sensing. The sensor signal is repeatable in both cases. The characteristic modulus of the skin prototype is approximately 63 kPa. The sensor is functional up to strains of approximately 250%.
Antigen Challenge Inhibits Thymic Emigration1

T cell development in the thymus involves a series of TCR-mediated control points including TCR-β selection and positive and negative selection. Approximately half of the thymic sojourn is spent in the medulla, where thymocytes undergo final maturation before emigrating to the periphery. Although it is acknowledged that thymic emigration is an active process, relatively little is known about how this is regulated, why it takes so long, and whether TCR-mediated signaling can influence this step. Using wild-type and TCR transgenic mice, we found that Ag injected i.v. or intrathymically led to a striking reduction in the number of recent thymic emigrants (RTE) in the periphery. This was caused by inhibition of T cell export rather than peripheral deletion, because a cohort of RTE that was already released before in vivo Ag challenge was not depleted, and similar results were observed in Bim-deficient mice, which have impaired T cell deletion. Within the thymus, the loss of RTE was associated with retention of medullary thymocytes rather than increased negative selection. In addition to Ag-specific inhibition of export, some TCR-independent suppression of emigration was also observed that appeared to be partly the result of the inflammatory cytokine TNF. Thus, in addition to its accepted role in intrathymic selection events, TCR signaling can also play an important role in the regulation of thymic emigration.
2-Carboxylatopyridinium–4-nitrophenol (1/1)

In the title 1:1 adduct, C6H5NO3·C6H5NO2, both molecules are almost planar (r.m.s. deviations for the non-H atoms = 0.027 and 0.023 Å for 4-nitrophenol and 2-carboxylatopyridinium, respectively). The pyridine molecule crystallizes as a zwitterion (nominal proton transfer from the carboxylic acid group to the N atom in the ring). In the crystal, inversion dimers of the zwitterions linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 2(10) loops; two 4-nitrophenol molecules link to the dimer by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a four-molecule aggregate. These are linked by C—H⋯O interactions, forming a three-dimensional network.
Kinetic modeling of intense, short laser pulses propagating in tenuous plasmas

Fast time averaged equations are derived for the motion of particles and the generation of electromagnetic wake fields under the action of the ponderomotive potential of an ultraintense laser pulse propagating through a tenuous plasma. Based on these averaged equations, a new particle code is designed which calculates the particle trajectories on the plasma period time scale. The regime of total cavitation of the plasma is investigated. It is found that stable propagation over a long distance is possible in this regime, and that energetic electrons are produced with a simple characteristic dependence of their angle of deflection on energy. This new code allows for computationally efficient modeling of pulse propagation over great distances.
Dollarization, Exchange Rate Regimes and Government Quality

The dollarization of the domestic banking system represents a source of vulnerability for emerging market countries, and a debate has emerged over whether the exchange rate regime has an impact on dollarization. This paper argues that the regime is far less important than the literature has previously claimed. Unofficial dollarization results from a lack of faith in the domestic currency, which ultimately stems from the belief that the government will not follow policies that promote long-run currency stability. Empirical results indicate that improved government quality reduces unofficial dollarization, while the exchange rate regime plays no direct role in promoting dollarization.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanocomposites with Fe3O4 core

To improve the infrared absorbing performance of the ferrite magnetic material which has good electromagnetic wave absorbing performance, the core-shell structured multilayer coating is introduced to achieve multiple wavelength range absorbing. Nanocomposites Fe3O4/SiO2/Al2O3 and Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 have been prepared using a series of chemical methods. The results of TEM and XRD analysis show that multilayer coated structures exit in both Fe3O4/SiO2/Al2O3 and Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 and that the core-double shell particles are all in nano-scale. The saturation magnetization and the coercivity of Fe3O4 at room temperature are 72 Am2/kg and 3.82 kA/m, respectively. Further coating of SiO2 and Al2O3 or TiO2 decreases the saturation magnetization and the coercivity while all nanocomposites remain ferromagnetic. There is no obvious improvement of the infrared absorbing ability of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in coating of SiO2 while further coating of Al2O3 or TiO2 reduces the infrared emissivity from 0.97 of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to about 0.83 of the core-double shell nanocomposites.
Statistical properties of subgroups of free groups

The usual way to investigate the statistical properties of finitely generated subgroups of free groups, and of finite presentations of groups, is based on the so‐called word‐based distribution: subgroups are generated (finite presentations are determined) by randomly chosen k ‐tuples of reduced words, whose maximal length is allowed to tend to infinity. In this paper we adopt a different, though equally natural point of view: we investigate the statistical properties of the same objects, but with respect to the so‐called graph‐based distribution, recently introduced by Bassino, Nicaud and Weil. Here, subgroups (and finite presentations) are determined by randomly chosen Stallings graphs whose number of vertices tends to infinity. Our results show that these two distributions behave quite differently from each other, shedding a new light on which properties of finitely generated subgroups can be considered frequent or rare. For example, we show that malnormal subgroups of a free group are negligible in the graph‐based distribution, while they are exponentially generic in the word‐based distribution. Quite surprisingly, a random finite presentation generically presents the trivial group in this new distribution, while in the classical one it is known to generically present an infinite hyperbolic group. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2013
Role of Hydrogen in Crack Growth in Pipeline steels Exposed to near Neutral pH Soil Environments

This paper reports the crack growth behavior of pipeline steels in near-neutral pH environments. Crack growth data were obtained using compact tension (CT) specimens exposed to two near-neutral pH environments. The surface of CT specimens was masked either with or without coatings. The coverage of sample surface reduces the generation of hydrogen resulting from free corrosion of iron. This has caused a substantial reduction of crack growth rate and a different dependence of crack growth behavior on Kmax, ΔK, loading frequency and environments. The growth rate data were further analyzed based on recent developed true corrosion fatigue model for pipeline steels in near neutral pH environments, from which the relative contribution of dissolution to cracking and hydrogen facilitated cracking was determined.
A Self-Adjusting Ossicular Prosthesis Containing Polyurethane Sponge

Hypothesis: Middle ear ossicular replacement prostheses whose length can adjust in vivo to changes in middle ear dimensions following insertion may have acoustic advantages. Background: Optimal tension is an important factor in the acoustic performance of incus-stapes replacement prostheses. Length is the primary determinant of postinsertion tension with conventional prostheses. Postoperative changes in prosthesis tension may occur leading to a worsening of postoperative hearing. Methods: Testing of a self-adjusting prosthesis (SAP) containing a polyurethane sponge attached to the head of a titanium partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) was performed in 5 fresh temporal bones. This SAP was compared with optimal length PORPs at different tensions. Sound input was 80 dB sound pressure level at 0.1 to 10 kHz. Stapes footplate displacement was measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer before and after incus removal and after PORP and SAP insertion between the malleus and stapes. One to 3 glass shims were then inserted between the malleus and optimal length PORP and SAP to change prosthesis tension. Measurement of stapes displacement was repeated with increased prosthesis lengths of 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 mm. Results: There was a clear tendency in the optimal length PORPs for a decrease in footplate displacement below 1.0 kHz, in general proportional to the increasing length. The SAP provided equivalent transmission as the optimal length PORP below 4.0 kHz and better transmission below 1.0 kHz at the varying increased lengths. Conclusion: An SAP seems to decrease the effect of changes in prosthesis length between the malleus and stapes at lower frequencies.
DISCRETE CRÜICES WITR PANEL DATA

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Recognition and localization of solid objects by a monocular vision system for robotic tasks

In this paper, we present a model-based vision system using a CCD camera mounted on the end-effector of an industrial robot. We describe an autonomous monocular vision system which is used as a feedback signal to control the position and orientation of the manipulator with respect to a dynamic object part of a 3D scene. Without any previous knowledge of the part's placement or motion, this visual feedback would allow a robot to track a pattern in real time. Applications for such a vision-guided robot include 3D object recognition, by extracting 2D image features and rebuilding 3D features. This is performed via rigidity constraint and search comparison in model database geometric inference. Kinematic redundancy is used for general solution of joint velocity represented by the generalized inverse of Jacobian matrix. The problem of redundancy utilization can generally be formulated in the framework of tasks with the order of priority. We present a visual servoing scheme using the task function approach in term of 6 degrees of freedom of robot's gripper regulation. Redundancy theory allows to control position and orientation of the end-effector of an industrial robot in less than 80 ms of cycle time. <<ETX>>
A Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Test Rig with Dynamic Measurement Capabilities

A bearing lest rig was developed to characterize the static and dynamic properties of hydrodynamic journal bearings. Static measurement capabilities include operating eccentricity, pressure and thermal boundary conditions, and continuous circumferential pressure and film thickness profiles at multiple axial planes. Dynamic stiffness and damping coefficient measurements are achieved using steady state harmonic excitations generated by a two-axis shaker system. All essential data for a complete understanding of one particular bearing can be collected simultaneously. To ensure high quality results, the rig was designed to minimize the influence of measurement uncertainties on the derived dynamic coefficients. Complete details are described. The rig is configured to lest bearings with 70 mm bore diameters at speeds up to 2500 rpm and loads up to 6000 N. The data reduction technique is presented along with typical results at one steady operating position for a three-lobe bearing which demonstrate the reproduci.
Analytic continuation of the Sudakov form factor in QCD.

We exhibit a solution to the evolution equation for the Sudakov form factor in QCD with massless quarks, which exponentiates infrared poles in dimensional continuation as well as logarithms of momentum transfer. We use this solution to construct an expression for the absolute value of the ratio of timelike to spacelike form factors, in which the infrared finiteness of the ratio is manifest. Finally, we compare this result to explicit calculations of the form factor available in the literature. Most of the large two-loop corrections to the absolute value of the ratio come from the exponentiation of one-loop corrections, including the effect of the running coupling.
Neocortical development as an evolutionary platform for intragenomic conflict

Embryonic development in mammals has evolved a platform for genomic conflict between mothers and embryos and, by extension, between maternal and paternal genomes. The evolutionary interests of the mother and embryo may be maximized through the promotion of sex-chromosome genes and imprinted alleles, resulting in the rapid evolution of postzygotic phenotypes preferential to either the maternal or paternal genome. In eutherian mammals, extraordinary in utero maternal investment in the brain, and neocortex especially, suggests that convergent evolution of an expanded mammalian neocortex along divergent lineages may be explained, in part, by parent-of-origin-linked gene expression arising from parent-offspring conflict. The influence of this conflict on neocortical development and evolution, however, has not been investigated at the genomic level. In this hypothesis and theory article, we provide preliminary evidence for positive selection in humans in the regions of two platforms of intragenomic conflict—chromosomes 15q11-q13 and X—and explore the potential relevance of cis-regulated imprinted domains to neocortical expansion in mammalian evolution. We present the hypothesis that maternal- and paternal-specific pressures on the developing neocortex compete intragenomically to influence neocortical expansion in mammalian evolution.
The Study of Bond Selective Photochemistry in CH2BrCl

The photodissociation of chlorobromomethane (CH2BrCl) has been studied using unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF), configuration-interaction-singles (CIS), and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) levels. The result of oscillator strengths indicate that the photochemistry reactions of CH2BrCl are processes where the n(Br)→σ*(C-Br) transition are excited to repulsive states leading to direct carbon-bromine bond breaking reactions. And the 1A’ →1A’ state is the important transition in photolysis of chlorobromomethane.
Predictive markers of clinical outcome in the GRMD dog model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

In the translational process of developing innovative therapies for DMD (Duchenne muscular dystrophy), the last preclinical validation step is often carried out in the most relevant animal model of this human disease, namely the GRMD (Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy) dog. The disease in GRMD dogs mimics human DMD in many aspects, including the inter-individual heterogeneity. This last point can be seen as a drawback for an animal model but is inherently related to the disease in GRMD dogs closely resembling that of individuals with DMD. In order to improve the management of this inter-individual heterogeneity, we have screened a combination of biomarkers in sixty-one 2-month-old GRMD dogs at the onset of the disease and a posteriori we addressed their predictive value on the severity of the disease. Three non-invasive biomarkers obtained at early stages of the disease were found to be highly predictive for the loss of ambulation before 6 months of age. An elevation in the number of circulating CD4+CD49dhi T cells and a decreased stride frequency resulting in a reduced spontaneous speed were found to be strongly associated with the severe clinical form of the disease. These factors can be used as predictive tests to screen dogs to separate them into groups with slow or fast disease progression before their inclusion into a therapeutic preclinical trial, and therefore improve the reliability and translational value of the trials carried out on this invaluable large animal model. These same biomarkers have also been described to be predictive for the time to loss of ambulation in boys with DMD, strengthening the relevance of GRMD dogs as preclinical models of this devastating muscle disease.
DNA Methylation in an Enhancer Region of the FADS Cluster Is Associated with FADS Activity in Human Liver

Omega‐6 (n‐6) and omega‐3 (n‐3), long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LcPUFAs) impact a wide range of biological activities ranging from immune signaling to brain function. Two desaturase steps (Δ6, encoded by FADS2 and Δ5, encoded by FADS1) are rate‐limiting in the conversion of dietary essential 18 carbon PUFAs such as linoleic acid (n‐6) to arachidonic acid and α‐linolenic acid (n‐3) to eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Genetic variants in and around FADS1 and FADS2 are highly associated with levels of LcPUFAs as well as cardiovascular disease risk factors. Particularly, rs174537 is associated with both FADS activity and circulating AA levels (p = 5.95 x 10‐46). FADS1 and FADS2 sit adjacent (5’ to 5’) on chromosome 11 (11q12.2). We hypothesized that SNPs such as rs174537 were associated with DNA methylation variation that impacted LcPUFA levels and FADS activities. To test this hypothesis, we performed a genome‐wide allele‐specific methylation study with rs174537 in 144 human liver samples. This approach identified a strong association of rs174537 with CpG sites in an enhancer region between FADS1 and FADS2 (p=2.69x10‐29). These data suggested that rs174537 was serving as a genetic proxy for methylation variability in a critical enhancer region sitting between two proximal promoters for FADS1 and FADS2. Importantly, methylation levels of the significant probes were shown to be strongly associated with FADS1 and FADS2 activities within the liver.
A low-voltage charge pump for micro scale thermal energy harvesting

For energy harvesting applications, a power management unit (PMU) architecture operating at low input voltages is required. The most critical sub-blocks of such a PMU are the voltage multiplier and the low-voltage clock generator. An ultra-low-voltage exponential gain charge pump (ECP) that serves as a voltage multiplier for such PMUs is analyzed. A low-cost fully-integrated CMOS implementation for the ECP is proposed. Circuit simulations demonstrate a 0.85-0.90V output for input voltages as low as 150mV and static loads up to 1. 5µA. The ECP was simulated in Cadence environment using a TSMC CMOS 65nm process and a total of 5nF MIM capacitors.