Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF THE OUTCOME OF THE ILIZAROV TECHNIQUE FOR THE TREATMENT OF TIBIAL BONE AND SOFT TISSUE INJURY

This study was designed to assess the outcome of the illizarov method for treating patients with dead bone segments or open fractures along with severe soft tissue injury. This retrospective study was conducted at Bakhtawar Ameen Trust Hospital, Multan, from September 2019 to September 2022. A total of 35 patients having non-union tibial fractures and dead bone segments were included in the study. These patients had tibia grade 3 open fractures and had undergone bone grafting and soft tissue closure. The defective bone segment was debrided, and radical resection was done. Illizarov technique was performed on all subjects. All patients reported good smooth tissue coverage and bone transport. The mean docking period of bone transport in all subjects was 3.87 ± 0.45 months. A leg length discrepancy of 1 cm occurred in 4 subjects. No subject complained of pain at follow-up. The Illizarov method is effective for the management of bone and soft tissue injuries.
Surface‐force‐induced deformations of monodisperse polystyrene spheres on planar silicon substrates

The contact radii between polystyrene spheres, having diameters between approximately 1.5 and 12 μm, and polished silicon wafers, arising from adhesion forces, were determined using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the contact radius varied approximately as the square root of the particle radius. This dependence is consistent with nonelastic response models of adhesion, such as those proposed by Krupp [H. Krupp, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 1, 111 (1967)] and by Maugis and Pollock [D. Maugis and H. M. Pollock, Acta Metall. 32, 1323 (1984)], but is inconsistent with various elastic response models which assume Hertzian deformations. The experimentally determined contact radii are also compared to those obtained for polystyrene spheres on a polyurethane substrate [D. S. Rimai, L. P. DeMejo, and R. C. Bowen, J. Appl. Phys. 66, 3574 (1989)].
Psychological Impacts of Returning Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Survey Among Iranian Students

Background: In addition to its potentially harmful physical consequences, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause various negative psychological consequences for individuals. One cohort likely to have been affected is university students who have had to return and study from their home cities due to the physical closures of universities. Objectives: The present study was conducted on students to assess psychological impacts (i.e., anxiety, depression, and stress) on predicting COVID-19 anxiety resulting from returning home and quarantining due to university closure. Methods: The study sample comprised 715 Iranian students who were asked to complete the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale. Results: The mean scale scores for COVID-19 anxiety, stress, depression, and anxiety were 13.75 (out of 54), 6.68 (out of 21), 5.54 (out of 21), and 4.74 (out of 21), respectively. Significantly higher levels of COVID-19 anxiety were observed among students who had been infected with the virus or had family/friends infected with the virus (compared to individuals who had not). Moreover, students who lived with their friends reported significantly higher COVID-19 anxiety than those who lived with their families. Conclusions: The study also showed a positive association between psychological distress and COVID-19 anxiety among students who returned to their homes during the pandemic. The findings suggest that mental health interventions are needed for students and should be implemented in the early stages of future pandemics.
Thirty-Day-Long Data Retention in Ferroelectric-Gate Field-Effect Transistors with HfO2 Buffer Layers

Metal–ferroelectric–insulator–semiconductor (MFIS) diodes and p-channel MFIS field-effect transistors (FETs) were fabricated and their electrical properties were characterized. These MFIS structures were formed using HfO2 as an insulating buffer layer, and SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) and (Bi,La)4Ti3O12 (BLT) as ferroelectric films. HfO2 buffer layers of about 8 nm physical thickness were deposited by ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) electron-beam evaporation, then ferroelectric films of about 400 nm thickness were deposited by sol–gel spin coating. The fabricated p-channel MFIS-FETs with the SBT/HfO2 gate structure exhibited a drain current on/off ratio larger than 103 even after 30 days had elapsed. It was also found that the degradation of ferroelectricity was not pronounced even after applying 2.2×1011 bipolar pulses.
A Linear-Prediction Approach to Developing Test Norms Based on Matrix-Sampling

were assigned post hoc to groups which were presumed to have responded to only a sample of the items on the test. In the Owens and Stufflebeam study, item-samples were selected before testing; these items appeared first in specially prepared booklets. Then, in each of the four studies mentioned above, the estimated mean and variance for the total test were compared with the corresponding values actually obtained by these same examinees. However, in only two of these studies (Cook and Stufflebeam, 1967; Lord, 1962) were the total-test distributions also approximated. This was despite the fact that the technique of matrix-
Properties of focused apertures in the fresnel region

The diffraction field of continuous, rectangular apertures is analyzed when the system is focused in the Fresnel region. The Fresnel region is defined by phase and amplitude considerations, and the boundary separating the near and Fresnel regions is given as well as the conventional boundary distinguishing between the Fresnel region and far field. Curves have been plotted for several square apertures of varying size for both uniform amplitude illumination and tapered illumination while the focused condition is maintained. A theorem is given proving that the far-field pattern occurs in the focal plane of a continuous, focused aperture. Also included is the expression for gain of a focused rectangular antenna, and a discussion of the concept of gain where strict 1/R^{2} dependence does not exist. A comparison of focused circular and rectangular apertures is made in regard to beamwidth, energy between 3-db points, and energy in the main beam. Consideration is also given to the problem of maximizing the field at the point of focus, and as a corollary the "depth of focus" is examined.
Vortex pinning and slow creep in high-Jc MgB2 thin films: a magnetic and transport study

We have investigated the pinning of vortices in high-Jc films of polycrystalline MgB2, by studying the dependence of current density J on electric field E using both magnetic and transport methods. Precursor films of amorphous boron, deposited on sapphire substrates, were converted to 0.6 µm thick MgB2 by post-annealing in the presence of Mg vapour at 890 °C for 1 h. In magnetic studies, a SQUID magnetometer was used conventionally to determine the induced current density by the Bean model. The decay of J with time t was determined unconventionally with the sample fixed in position, by monitoring the SQUID feedback voltage versus time. The logarithmic decay rate S = −d ln(J)/d ln(t) was found to be very low in the H–T phase space away from the irreversibility line. Complementary four-probe transport studies of E(J) were analysed as a power law dependence of the form and used to obtain the corresponding creep rate S = 1/(n−1). Effective values for n approach and often significantly exceed 100. From these results, we estimate the effective energy U0 for vortex pinning, as a function of magnetizing field H.
A stability criterion for nonlinear feedback systems

A frequency domain criterion is formulated to prove global asymptotic stability of feedback control system with more than one nonlinear element. The input-output characteristics of the nonlinearities are confined to sectors of the input-output planes. Sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability are derived in terms of a number of inequalities equal to the number of nonlinear elements.
Low-frequency waves in an unbounded plasma

A comprehensive treatment of the propagation of low-frequency plane waves in a low β, homogeneous plasma in a magnetic field is based on the two fluid equations without collision terms. The treatment covers the three lower frequency branches of the complete dispersion curves, extending up to the electron cyclotron frequency. Dispersion curves for propagation at an angle to the magnetic field are given for representative parameters, and simple expressions tabulated for the electric field polarization and the electron and ion mean velocities along each section of these curves. The physical reasons for the changes in these quantities with increasing wavenumber are discussed for each of the three branches.
Deep learning for photovoltaic defect detection using variational autoencoders

Faults arising in photovoltaic (PV) systems can result in major energy loss, system shutdowns, financial loss and safety breaches. It is thus crucial to detect and identify faults to improve the efficiency, reliability, and safety of PV systems. The detection of faults in large PV installations can be a tedious and timeconsuming undertaking, particularly in large-scale installations. This detection and classification of faults can be achieved using thermal images; use of computer vision can simplify and speed up the fault detection and classification process. However, a challenge often faced in computer vision tasks is the lack of sufficient data to train these models effectively. We propose the use of variational autoencoders (VAEs) as a method to artificially expand the data set in order to improve the classification task in this context. Three convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures – InceptionV3, ResNet50 and Xception – were used for the classification of the images. Our results provide evidence that CNN models can effectively detect and classify PV faults from thermal images and that VAEs provide a viable option in this application, to improve model accuracy when training data are limited.
Dodecagonal tilings derived as duals from quasiperiodic ammann‐grids

A set of twelve different quasiperiodic Ammann grids with twelvefold-symmetric Fourier transform is constructed. Since the geometric dual of a dodecagonal Ammann grid is a quasiperiodic tiling which also has a twelvefold-symmetric Fourier transform, the twelve grids allow the construction of a set of twelve quasiperiodic tilings, all of which are presented here. Only one of them has been previously described. Nine of the tilings have a global center of twelvefold symmetry, while three have only bilateral global symmetry. The geometric properties of these twelve tilings such as shape and number of tiles, vertex configurations, and geometrical interrelations between different tilings from this set are described. The twelve tilings and their dual Ammann grids are found to belong to three classes of symmetry-preserving mutual local derivability (SMLD classes). Ein Satz von zwolf verschiedenen quasiperiodischen Ammann-Gittern mit zwolfzahlig symmetrischer Fourier-Transformation wird konstruiert. Das geometrische Dual eines dodekagonalen Ammann-Gitters ist ein quasiperiodisches tiling (ebenfalls mit zwolfzahlig symmetrischer Fourier-Transformation), und daher erlauben die zwolf Gitter, einen Satz von zwolf quasiperiodischen tilings zu konstruieren. Diese werden hier prasentiert; nur eines davon ist schon beschrieben worden. Neun dieser tilings haben ein Zentrum globaler zwolffacher Symmetrie, wahrend die drei anderen nur bilaterale globale Symmetrie haben. Die geometrischen Eigenschaften dieser zwolf tilings, wie Gestalt und Anzahl der Typen von tiles, Vertex-Konfigurationen und geometrische Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen tilings aus diesem Satz, werden beschrieben. Die zwolf tilings gehoren zu drei SMLD-Klassen, d. h. deren Vertreter sind wechselseitig lokal voneinander ableitbar, wobei die lokale Symmetrie erhalten bleibt.
Stereoscopy for visual simulation of materials of complex appearance

The present work studies the role of stereoscopy on perceived surface aspect of computer generated complex materials. The objective is to investigate if, and how, the additional information conveyed by the binocular vision affects the observer judgment on the evaluation of flake density in an effect paint simulation. We have set up a heuristic flake model with a Voronoi: modelization of flakes. The model was implemented in our rendering engine using global illumination, ray tracing, with an off axis-frustum method for the calculation of stereo images. We conducted a user study based on a flake density discrimination task to determine perception thresholds (JNDs). Results show that stereoscopy slightly improves density perception. We propose an analysis methodology based on granulometry. This allows for a discussion of the results on the basis of scales of observation.
Gamma-Rays from Millisecond Pulsar Population in the Galactic Centre

The central dense stellar cluster in the Galactic Center (GC) contains the mass of ~4 times larger than that of the central black hole. It is expected to be formed as a result of a merging process of several massive globular clusters which provided a large number of millisecond pulsars (MSPs). We propose that the GeV-TeV γ-ray emission observed from GC is in fact a cumulative effect of the emission from several globular clusters captured by the GC black hole. We calculate the expected TeV γ-ray emission produced by leptons, injected by pulsars, by the Inverse Compton Scattering process in the diffusive radiation field. It is shown that this emission can be responsible for the multi-TeV γ-rays observed by the Cherenkov telescopes from GC if about a thousand of MSPs are present in the central cluster in GC.
The description and classification of evolutionary mode: a computational approach

Abstract The incorporation of the random walk model into stratophenetic analysis marked a turning point by presenting a potential null model for microevolutionary patterns. Random walks are derived from a family of statistical fractals, and their statistics can be reconstructed using appropriate techniques. This paper lays the foundation for the explicit and uniform description of evolutionary mode in stratophenetic series using random walk null models and the information contained within incompletely preserved time series. The method relies upon the iterative analysis of subseries of an original stratophenetic series by measuring the presence of deviations from statistical randomness as the lineage evolves. This measure, and its probability of significance (evaluated using a randomization test), forms the dimensions of a descriptive space for microevolutionary modes. Each stratophenetic series can then be viewed as a journey through this space. Computer simulation of various evolutionary modes demonstrates that different modes, for example stasis and gradualism, have differing trajectories and occupy different regions of the microevolutionary space. The method is applied to two published foraminiferal stratophenetic series, the Mio-Pliocene Globorotalia plesiotumida-tumida punctuated transition and an anagenetic trend in the Late Cretaceous Contusotruncana fornicata-contusa lineage. An anagenetic trend is strongly supported in the latter example, whereas transformation of the Globorotalia species seems to result from the fluctuating effectiveness of constraining processes.
Slope deformation detection using subpixel offset tracking and an unsupervised learning technique based on unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry data

Detecting slope deformation is an important issue in engineering. Timely deformation detection can effectively avoid catastrophic slope failure and ensure the safety of a project and engineering personnel. In this study, deformation detection for a quarry slope is implemented using the integration of subpixel offset tracking (sPOT) and unsupervised change detection algorithms based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image datasets. The sPOT algorithm is used to give the surface displacement field of the slope with subpixel accuracy, and the unsupervised change detection algorithm yields the ground object reconstruction area of the slope to verify and explain the sPOT result. The integrated analysis method in this paper is highly applicable and only requires a minimum of two UAV datasets as raw data. Combining the advantages of the sPOT and unsupervised change detection algorithms, the proposed method has the ability to detect and analyse slow and rapid slope deformation with good accuracy.
COVID-19 and common mental disorders among university students in South Africa

COVID-19 has had far-reaching economic, social and health consequences, with vulnerable groups disproportionally affected. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, concern was expressed about university students’ mental health, with global data suggesting students are more vulnerable than the general population to mental disorders. Yet, it is unclear what the pandemic’s impact has been on the mental health of students in South Africa. We examined the impact of COVID-19 on first-year students at two universities in South Africa by analysing changes in the prevalence and age-of-onset of three common mental disorders (namely major depressive episode, generalised anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation) before and during the pandemic, and comparing these to changes between 2015 and 2017. Our analysis of cross-sectional survey data collected in 2015, 2017 and 2020 shows no clear or consistent pattern of increases in prevalence of common mental disorders following the start of the pandemic. Lifetime prevalence rates of common mental disorders among students have been steadily increasing since 2015, and where increases before and during COVID-19 were observed, they are not consistently larger than increases between 2015 and 2020. No significant changes were observed in the 12-month prevalence of common mental disorders before and during COVID-19, except for an increase in prevalence of depression at one institution, and a decrease in suicidal ideation at the other. Findings suggest that in the context of ongoing adversity and disruptions on South African university campuses in recent years, COVID-19 may be just one more stressor local students face and that its impact on student mental health may not have been as marked in South Africa compared to other regions.
A Systematic Review of Heart Rate Variability as a Measure of Stress in Medical Professionals

Understanding the physiological effects of responding to crises is a critical component in understanding how to manage and prepare medical professionals to be crisis responders. Heart rate variability (HRV) is the variation in rate between a succession of R-R intervals. This variation is not only affected by physiological processes such as respiration or metabolic rate but is also directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system. As such, heart rate variability has been proposed as a noninvasive tool to measure the physiological stress response. The aim of this systematic review is to consolidate heart rate variability literature in the context of medical emergencies to determine if heart rate variability changes predictably from baseline when responding to medical crises. This may demonstrate utility as an objective, noninvasive measure of stress response. A systematic literature review of six databases yielded 413 articles, 17 of which met our inclusion criteria of being written in English, measuring HRV in healthcare providers, and measuring HRV in real or simulated medical resuscitations or procedures. Articles were then analyzed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) scoring system. Out of the 17 articles reviewed, 11 demonstrated statistically significant results showing heart rate variability responding in a predictable manner to stress. Three articles utilized a medical simulation as the stressor, six used medical procedures, and eight used medical emergencies encountered during clinical work. Overall, a predictable trend in heart rate variability metrics of standard deviation from the mean value of normal-to-normal (N-N) intervals (SDNN), root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), mean number of times per time interval in which the change in successive normal sinus (N-N) intervals exceeds 50 ms (PNN50), low frequency % (LF%), and low-frequency-to-high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) was observed when responding to stress. This systematic literature review showed that heart rate variability among healthcare providers responding to stressful scenarios follows a predictable pattern of change and expands our understanding of the physiology of stress in healthcare providers. This review supports the use of HRV to monitor stress during high-fidelity simulation to ensure that appropriate physiological arousal is achieved during the training of medical personnel.
Generalized LM Tests for Functional Form and Heteroscedasticity

We present a generalized LM test of heteroscedasticity allowing the presence of data transformation and a generalized LM test of functional form allowing the presence of heteroscedasticity. Both generalizations are meaningful as non-normality and heteroscedasticity are common in economic data. A joint test of functional form and heteroscedasticity is also given. These tests are further "studentized" to account for possible excess skewness and kurtosis of the errors in the model. All tests are easy to implement. They are based on the expected information and are shown to possess excellent finite sample properties. Several related tests are also discussed and their finite sample performances assessed. We found that our newly proposed tests significantly outperform the others, in particular in the cases where the errors are non-normal. Copyright © 2008 The Author(s). Journal compilation © Royal Economic Society 2008
An Integrative Review: Application of Digital Learning Media to Developing Learning Styles Preference

The future of online learning or cybergogy known by several terms, such as blended learning, flipped classroom, or hybrid is something that cannot be avoided. This compelling situation is not due to the COVID-19 pandemic alone but has become a necessity for every student from school to higher education. This article aims to analyze and explain understanding in education related to the concept of "digital media", and all student responses including "learning styles", and related concepts, by reviewing, and synthesizing the literature using in an integrative review. A total of 154 qualitative and quantitative articles published between 2000 and 2020 were reviewed. Based on the inclusion analysis, 25 articles reveal things related to "digital media" and the behavior of students' "learning style" responses and what digital learning media should be. Concerning what is embedded in digital media that can result in different reactions from one another, digital learning media should be made by considering the behavioral reactions of students' "learning style" responses. Applying various digital media such as online platforms or applications in learning should directly affect different learning styles in education. Learning variations should also be offered when the learning media is created and used.