Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of apathy and compulsivity on planning and stopping in sequential decision-making

Real-life decision-making often comprises sequences of successive decisions about whether to take opportunities as they are encountered or keep searching for better ones instead. We investigated individual differences related to such sequential decision-making and link them especially to apathy and compulsivity in a large online sample (discovery sample: n = 449 and confirmation sample: n = 756). Our cognitive model revealed distinct changes in the way participants evaluated their environments and planned their own future behaviour. Apathy was linked to decision inertia, i.e., automatically persisting with a sequence of searches for longer than appropriate given the value of searching. Thus, despite being less motivated, they did not avoid the effort associated with longer searches. In contrast, compulsivity was linked to self-reported insensitivity to the cost of continuing with a sequence of searches. The objective measures of behavioural cost insensitivity were clearly linked to compulsivity only in the discovery sample. While the confirmation sample showed a similar effect, it did not reach significance. Nevertheless, in both samples, participants reported awareness of such bias (experienced as “overchasing”). In addition, this awareness made them report preemptively avoiding situations related to the bias. However, we found no evidence of them actually preempting more in the task, which might mean a misalignment of their metacognitive beliefs or that our behavioural measures were incomplete. In summary, individual variation in distinct, fundamental aspects of sequential decision-making can be linked to variation in 2 measures of behavioural traits associated with psychological illness in the normal population.
ACE2 and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity

Sick, male, and older populations are more vulnerable to COVID-19. However, it remains unclear whether a common mechanism exists across different demographic characteristics. SARS-CoV-2 infection is initiated by the specific binding of the viral spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This study analyzed the demographics of pulmonary ACE2 expression, Mendelian randomization (MR) of ACE2 and COVID-19, and comparative tropism of SARS-CoV-2. The key features of SARS-CoV-2 tropism, including pulmonary ACE2 expression and ACE2-expressing cell types, showed distinct subphenotypes associated with the demographics of vulnerable COVID-19 populations, suggesting a hypothesis centered on “ACE2” to explain their interplay. Next, by integrating multiple COVID-19 cohorts of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs) of ACE2, MR analysis demonstrated that ACE2 played a causal role in COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, suggesting ACE2 as a promising target for early COVID-19 treatment. Next, by analyzing the expression of host cell receptors using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of human lung tissues, comparative tropism analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, but not non-respiratory viruses, had remarkably overlapping and enriched cellular tropism in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells. This finding indicates the possibility of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, perhaps implying sociovirology at the cellular level. Moreover, the binding of viral entry proteins to the compatible host cell receptors is under strong natural selection pressure. Therefore, comparative tropism might reveal the footprint of natural selection that shapes the virus population, which provides a novel perspective for understanding zoonotic spillover events.
Phosphorus Fractions and Its Summer's Release Flux From Sediment in the China's Three Gorges Reservoir

The amounts and forms of phosphorus (P) in sediments, orthophosphate (Pi) concentrations as well as Pi release fluxes across the sediment-water interface were investigated from five sampling sites in the Three-Gorges Reservoir (TGR). The Total P (TP) contents of surface sediments (0-2 cm) ranged from 415.5 to 1047.9 mg/kg, and the predominant fraction was HCl-P (Ca-bound P). The main rank order of P-fractions was HCl-P > Res-P (Residual-P) > NaOH-P (Al-adsorbed P) > BD-P (Redox sensitive P) > NH4Cl-P (Labile P), and ranged from 164.5 to 687.2 mg/kg, 96.0 to 140.8 mg/kg, 75.8 to 111.5 mg/kg, 34.0 to 104.8 mg/kg, and 5.9 to 15.9 mg/kg, respectively. The pH values ranged from 6.4 to 8.2 across sediment-water interface and sediment pH values were lower than those of the corresponding overlying water. The average Pi concentrations of pore water were higher than those of the open water and overlying water. Based on calculations using the Fick's first law, sediment in Xiangxi River (XX03) functioned as a P sink, with Pi flux of -0.003 mg/m^2/d, while sediments from Modaoxi03 (MDX03), Daning02 (DN02), Caotanghe (CTH) and Changjiang Badong (CJBD), had Pi fluxes of 0.013 mg/m^2/d, 0.009 mg/m^2/d, 0.004 mg/m^2/d and 0.007 mg/m^2/d, respectively, and served as an internal P source in summer.
Suppression of human and simian immunodeficiency virus replication with the CCR5-specific antibody Leronlimab in two species

The CCR5-specific antibody Leronlimab is being investigated as a novel immunotherapy that can suppress HIV replication with minimal side effects. Here we studied the virological and immunological consequences of Leronlimab in chronically CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infected humans (n = 5) on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in ART-naïve acutely CCR5-tropic SHIV infected rhesus macaques (n = 4). All five human participants transitioned from daily combination ART to self-administered weekly subcutaneous (SC) injections of 350 mg or 700 mg Leronlimab and to date all participants have sustained virologic suppression for over seven years. In all participants, Leronlimab fully occupied CCR5 receptors on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells and monocytes. In ART-naïve rhesus macaques acutely infected with CCR5-tropic SHIV, weekly SC injections of 50 mg/kg Leronlimab fully suppressed plasma viremia in half of the macaques. CCR5 receptor occupancy by Leronlimab occurred concomitant with rebound of CD4+ CCR5+ T-cells in peripheral blood, and full CCR5 receptor occupancy was found in multiple anatomical compartments. Our results demonstrate that weekly, self-administered Leronlimab was safe, well-tolerated, and efficacious for long-term virologic suppression and should be included in the arsenal of safe, easily administered, longer-acting antiretroviral treatments for people living with HIV-1. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02175680 and NCT02355184.
Novel Insights into the Roles and Mechanisms of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists against Aging-Related Diseases

Aging and aging-related diseases have emerged as increasingly severe health and social problems. Therefore, it is imperative to discover novel and effective therapeutics to delay the aging process and to manage aging-related diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), one of the classes of antihyperglycemic drugs, have been recommended to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, GLP-1 RAs have been shown to protect against oxidative stress, cellular senescence and chronic inflammation, which are widely accepted as the major risk factors of aging. However, their significance in aging or aging-related diseases has not been elucidated. Herein, we explain the underlying mechanisms and protective roles of GLP-1 RAs in aging from a molecular, cellular and phenotypic perspective. We provide novel insights into the broad prospect of GLP-1 RAs in preventing and treating aging-related diseases. Additionally, we highlight the gaps for further studies in clinical applications of GLP-1 RAs in aging-related diseases. This review forms a basis for further studies on the relationship between aging-related diseases and GLP-1 RAs.
Structural shifts in food basket composition of rural and urban Philippines: Implications for the food supply system

Empirical evidence on the responsiveness and sensitivities of food consumption to its drivers is vital for conducting economic studies. Despite recent attempts to provide such estimates, much empirical work remains to be done considering the prevailing shifts in consumption trends in the Philippines. Price and expenditure elasticities are estimated for seven food categories for rural and urban Filipino households, using Stone–Lewbel (SL) price indices and the quadratic almost-ideal demand system (QUAIDS) model. We used multiple years (2006, 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2018) of the Philippines Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) to estimate the food demand system. The results show that rice is a normal good for most households, particularly for rural consumers. However, it is an inferior good for the top 30% of rural Filipinos and the top 40% of urban Filipinos. As income increases, such wealthy households tend to replace their rice-dominated diet with nutrient-dense food products. Female-headed households, younger households, and households with educated members consume significantly more animal proteins such as meat and dairy products.
AC 2011-172: CAD MODEL CREATION AND ALTERATION: A COM- PARISON BETWEEN STUDENTS AND PRACTICING ENGINEERS

Computer-aided design (CAD) is a powerful and ubiquitous tool in the modern engineering environment. CAD databases are used throughout the development process, but to take full advantage of the functionality provided by modern CAD tools requires a skilled user. Students tend to be taught CAD in a manner that focuses on declarative skills and knowledge that is limited to creating geometry in a specific program. This is in contrast to the procedural knowledge associated with experts. Comparing student modeling procedure to that of practicing and experienced engineers could inform CAD educational activities. The results of an exercise performed by 30 practicing engineers and 107 students are presented. The exercise consisted of creating and altering a CAD model of moderate complexity. Both students and practicing engineers were split into groups and asked to create the part with altering goals: one group’s goal was to create the part as quickly as possible; the other’s goal was to create the part so that it could be easily altered. These initial parts were then altered by others in the opposing group. Model attributes and derived quantities for both groups are tabulated for both populations. As expected, student modelers required more time to complete the initial modeling and alteration activities. Students used more, simpler features to create their models (in both groups). The practicing engineers tended to produce models that followed commonly described proper modeling procedures. During the alteration process, students were more likely to delete features as opposed to alter them. Exercises are suggested to encourage student modeling procedure more in line with that of the experts. Student and practicing engineers also had slightly differing opinions regarding which modeling procedures would be beneficial.
Prevalence of mycorrhizae in host plants and rhizosphere soil: A biodiversity aspect

Plants roots are colonized by soil inhabitants known as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which increase plant productivity, and enhance carbon storage in the soil. We found mycorrhizal vesicles, arbuscles, and mycelium in the root of more than 89% of the selected plants of University of Rajshahi campus, Bangladesh. The rate of their presence differed in plant to plant of a family and different families. The highest root colonization (98±1.0%) was found to be present in Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae). Mycorrhiza was not found in the root of Sphagneticola calendulacea (Asteraceae), Cestrun nocturnum (Solanaceae), Acacia nilotica and Acacia catechu (Mimosoidae), Rorippa nasturtium, Brassica oleracla var botrytis (Brasicaceae), Punica granatum (Lythraceae), Tecoma capensis (Bignoniacea), Spinacia oleracia (Chenopodiaceae), Chenopodium album (Goosefoot). Result of soil analysis reveals that the rhizospheric soils were deficient in nutrients which might be suitable for mycorrhizal symbiosis with plants. In the rhizospheric soils, 22 species of Glomus, Scutelospora, Gigaspora, Archaeospora, and Acullospora were found. We also found the genera ’Glomus’ dominance in the plant root and rhizospheric soil. So, it can be concluded that the highly colonized roots as well as spores can be used to prepare mycorrhizal inoculum for future purposes.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEPUTUSAN PETANI BERALIH KEMITRAAN DALAM BERUSAHATANI : KASUS PETANI KEMITRAAN TEBU DI PT GUNUNG MADU PLANTATAIONS BERALIH KE KEMITRAAN UBI KAYU DI PABRIK BUMI WARAS

This study aims to determine the performance of partnership patterns of cassava farming in Plant Earth Sane, factors associated with the decision-making of farmers switching partnership from cane farming to cassava farming, and a comparison between cassava farming income and cane farming income. The survey method was conducted in Central Lampung regency by interviewing 21 cassava farmers chosen purposively as respondents. Data were collected in December 2015 to May 2016 and analyzed using Kendall Partial Analysis. The results showed that the performance of cassava farming partnership system are at a very adequate classification in terms of financial aid, processing yields, profit-sharing system, the requirements of the partnership, and farming income. Farmers’ decisions to switch partnership from cane farming to cassava farming were determined by technical factors of cultivation, social pressures, marketing of the crop, profit-sharing system, capital aid, the requirements of the partnership, farm income, the distance from farming land to cassava processing factory, and the desire of farmers to cultivate their own land. Cassava farming income per ha/season is Rp13,282,985.13 with R/C of 2.15, greater than those of sugarcane farming with income of Rp11,403,828.63 and R/C of 2.13. Key words : cassava, farm, partnership, sugarcane
An investigation of age-related neuropathophysiology in autism spectrum disorder using fixel-based analysis of corpus callosum white matter micro- and macrostructure

Corpus callosum anomalies are commonly noted in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Given the complexity of its microstructural architecture, with crossing fibers projecting throughout, we applied fixel-based analysis to probe white matter micro- and macrostructure within this region. As ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition with noted abnormalities in brain growth, age was also investigated. Methods: Data for participants with (N=54) and without (N=50) ASD, aged 5-34 years, were obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange-II (ABIDE-II). Within each site, indices of fiber density (FD), fiber cross-section (FC), and combined fiber density and cross-section (FDC) were compared between those groups. Results: Young adolescents with ASD (age = 11.19 +/- 7.54) showed reduced macroscopic FC and FDC compared to age-matched neurotypical controls (age = 10.04 +/- 4.40). Reduced FD and FDC was noted in a marginally older ASD (age 13.87 +/- 3.15) cohort compared to matched controls (age = 13.85 +/- 2.90). Among the oldest cohorts, a non-significant trend indicated reduced FD in older adolescents/young adults with ASD (age = 17.07 +/- 3.56) compared to controls (age = 16.55 +/- 2.95). There was a positive correlation between age and callosal mean FC and FDC in the youngest cohort. When stratified by diagnosis, this finding remained only for the ASD sample. Conclusion: White matter aberration appears greatest among younger ASD cohorts. In older adolescents and young adults, less of the corpus callosum seems affected. This supports the suggestion that some early neuropathophysiological indicators in ASD may dissipate with age.
Association between gastric reflux, obesity and erosive tooth wear among psychiatric patients

Abstract The prevalence of erosive tooth wear and obesity are high in psychiatric patients and soft drink consumption is a common risk factor associated with both diseases. This study aimed to assess the association between soft drink consumption, gastric reflux, erosive tooth wear, and obesity among resident patients at the Psychiatric Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia. This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 223 adult psychiatric inpatients (126 male, 97 female) with a mean age of 42.3 years (± 2.2). Dental erosion detection was performed according to World Health Organization criteria. The medical evaluation included assessment of the body mass index (BMI). With appropriate sample weighting, relationships between erosive tooth wear, gastric reflux, and obesity were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Ninety eight patients (43.9%) presented with erosive tooth wear. The mean BMI for the entire study population was 27.7 ± 6.3 kg/m2. Regression analysis showed a strong association between erosive tooth wear and chronic vomiting or bulimia (adjusted odds ratio = 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.98–5.07, P < .001), gastric reflux (adjusted odds ratio = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.34–6.23, P < .001), consumption of soft drinks (adjusted odds ratio = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.03–6.08, P < .001), and schizophrenia and delusional disorders (adjusted odds ratio = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.98–5.08, P < .001). This study demonstrates a significant association between erosive tooth wear prevalence and chronic vomiting or bulimia, consumption of soft drinks, and gastric reflux among resident patients at psychiatric hospital.
Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair and Tracheal Stenting for Respiratory Failure due to a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: A Case Report

An 82-year-old male was referred to the emergency department for severe respiratory distress. Computed tomography angiography showed tracheal compression due to a large ruptured saccular aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta. Emergency Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (TEVAR) was performed. To reduce tracheal compression, an endotracheal stent was placed (silicone Dumon©). Following surgery, respiratory function improved. Two days after the surgery, the patient refused further invasive treatment, including mechanical mucus aspiration from the endotracheal stent, and palliative sedation was initiated. Conventional treatment to reduce tracheal compression by a saccular aortic aneurysm is open surgical aneurysm repair. If open repair is contraindicated because of patient age, comorbidity, or in case of severe hemodynamic instability following aneurysm rupture, TEVAR with endotracheal stent placement may serve as a bridge to definite surgery to reduce tracheal compression.
Safety and efficacy of atezolizumab with obinutuzumab and bendamustine in previously untreated follicular lymphoma

Abstract Obinutuzumab (G) chemoimmunotherapy demonstrated improved progression-free survival (PFS) vs rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy in patients with previously untreated follicular lymphoma (FL) in the GALLIUM trial. Atezolizumab (atezo) is a programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor with a complementary mechanism of action to G by restoring cytotoxic T-cell function. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of atezo-G-bendamustine in patients with previously untreated FL in a phase Ib/II trial (#NCT02596971). A safety run-in phase was followed by an expansion phase with atezo-G-bendamustine induction and atezo-G maintenance for ≤24 months. Forty patients with previously untreated FL were enrolled and treated with atezo-G-bendamustine. The primary endpoint, complete response (CR) rate, assessed by an independent review committee (IRC; modified Lugano 2014 criteria) was 75.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.3% to 85.8%). Three-year investigator-assessed PFS and overall survival rates were 80.9% (95% CI, 63.9% to 90.5%) and 89.3% (95% CI, 73.9% to 95.9%), respectively. At baseline, 21/40 patients had circulating lymphoma-specific clonotypes and underwent repeat testing at end of induction; all were minimal residual disease negative (10−5 sensitivity), with 16 (76.2%) CRs, 3 (14.3%) partial responses, and 2 (9.5%) with stable disease (IRC assessed). Grade 5 (fatal) adverse events (AEs) were reported in 5 patients. The efficacy of atezo-G-bendamustine in previously untreated FL did not appear superior to G-bendamustine efficacy as seen in the GALLIUM trial, and the addition of atezo to G-bendamustine was associated with an increased risk of AEs. Particularly due to the unfavorable safety profile, this regimen cannot be recommended in patients with previously untreated FL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT02596971.
WIND TUNNEL TESTS OF THE SM701 AIRFOIL AND THE UAG 88-143/20 AIRFOIL

The SM701 airfoil was designed by Dan Somers and Mark Maughmer to be applied on World Class sailplanes. The UAG88-143 /20 airfoil was designed by D. Marsden to be used on an ultralight sailplane wing. The measured drag coefficients are higher than those which are calculated by the two codes. The low drag bucket from the measurements becomes essentially smaller with growing Reynolds numbers than predicted by the Eppler code. The XFOIL code, however, has the same tendency like the measurements. The differences between theoretical and experimental restults are due to the existence of separation bubbles (Eppler code) and the different methods for the calculation of the turbulent boundary layers in both codes.
Enhancement of resistive switching properties in nitride based CBRAM device by inserting an Al2O3 thin layer

In this letter, we propose a method to enhance resistive switching properties in SiCN-based conductive-bridge resistive switching memory (CBRAM) devices by inserting a thin Al2O3 layer between the SiCN resistive switching layer and the TiN bottom electrode. Compared with the Cu/Ta/SiCN/TiN single-layer device, the Cu/Ta/SiCN/Al2O3/TiN double layer device exhibits uniform resistive switching, long stable endurance cycles (>1.6 × 104), and stable retention (104 s) at 125 °C. These substantial improvements in the resistive switching properties are attributed to the location of the formation and rupture of conductive filaments that can be precisely controlled in the device after introducing the Al2O3 layer. Moreover, a multilevel resistive switching characteristic is observed in the Cu/Ta/SiCN/Al2O3/TiN double layer CBRAM device. The distinct six-level resistance states are obtained in double layer devices by varying the compliance current. The highly stable retention characteristics (>104) of the Cu/Ta/SiCN/.