Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vegetative Buffer Strips on Herbicide Runoff From a Nontilled Soil

ABSTRACT Buffer strips can reduce herbicide runoff from cultivated fields due to the ability of vegetation to impede the flow of surface runoff, promote infiltration, and adsorb herbicides. Conservation agriculture has many environmental advantages, but the transition phase from a conventional to a conservation system is a critical period, especially for surface runoff. In 2015, a field in Italy that was transitioning from conventional to conservation agriculture was tested to analyze the efficacy of different types of buffer strips in reducing the runoff of three herbicides compared with no-buffer plots. At each runoff event, water volume was measured and terbuthylazine, metolachlor, and mesotrione concentrations were determined. Buffer strips were able to reduce the number of runoff events by 63% to 83%. The runoff volumes were significantly reduced in the presence of buffer strips, whereas no differences were found between different types of buffer strips. Among herbicides, mesotrione was not detected in runoff water samples. The highest losses of terbuthylazine and metolachlor were from plots without buffer strips during the first three runoff events. All types of buffer strips significantly reduced the total losses of terbuthylazine and metolachlor in the monitored runoff events, with a reduction of more than 99%. This study confirmed that buffer strips are a very effective mitigation system against surface water pollution by herbicides, even in agronomic situations that promote runoff.
Pyrolysis-Gas-Liquid Chromatography of Fungi: Differentiation of Species and Strains of Several Members of the Aspergillus flavus Group

Four fungi of the Aspergillus flavus group were differentiated to the species level and strain level by pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromotography. Comparisons of pyrochromatograms revealed more similarities than dissimilarities among both species and strains in the pyrolytic elution patterns. Quantitative analysis was made by comparing the number of peaks in which two strains or reference species agreed or disagreed, the degree of superimposability between the pyrolytic elution patterns of strains and reference species, and the presence or absence of peaks for strain pairs within each species. The accuracy and precision of these techniques suggest that pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography may have wide application in the detection, enumeration, and identification of fungi by nonmycologically trained personnel.
Quality aspects of the Wegener Center multi-satellite GPS radio occultation record OPSv5.6

The demand for high-quality atmospheric data records, applicable in climate studies, is undisputed. Using such records requires knowledge of the quality and the specific characteristics of all contained data sources. The latest version of the Wegener Center (WEGC) multi-satellite GPS radio occultation (RO) record, OPSv5.6, provides globally distributed upper-air satellite data of high quality, usable for climate and other high-accuracy applications. The GPS RO technique has been deployed in several satellite missions since 2001. Consistency among data from these missions is essential to create a homogeneous long-term multi-satellite climate record. In order to enable a qualified usage of the WEGC OPSv5.6 dataset we performed a detailed analysis of satellite dependent quality aspects from 2001 to 2016. We present the impact of the OPSv5.6 quality control on the processed data and reveal time-dependent and satellite specific quality characteristics. Highest quality is found for MetOp (Meteorological Operational satellite) and GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment). Also data from Formosat-3/COSMIC (Formosa Satellite mission-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) are of high quality, however comparatively large day-to-day variations and satellite dependent irregularities need to be taken into account when using these data. We validate the consistency among the various satellite missions by calculating monthly mean temperature deviations from the multi-satellite mean, inducing also a correction for the different sampling characteristics. The results are highly consistent in the altitude range from 8 km to 25 km with mean temperature deviations less than 0.1 K. At higher altitudes the OPSv5.6 RO temperature record is increasingly influenced by the characteristics of the bending angle initialization, with the amount of impact depending on the receiver quality.
Preparation of Agglutinating Antisera and Fluorescent-Antibody Conjugates Against Pasteurella tularensis in Equines

The serological response in burros and horses to the viable LVS strain of Pasteurella tularensis was studied. High-titered agglutinating antisera and fluorescent-antibody conjugates were obtained in both groups of animals. Maximum titers were obtained in horses 14 to 21 days after the start of vaccination and in burros 21 to 28 days after the start of vaccination. The use of Woodhour's adjuvants or booster inoculations did not result in increased titers.
Role of the Kidney in Staphylococcal Enterotoxemia

Highly purified staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is known to accumulate rapidly within the kidneys of experimental animals. The present study was performed to determine whether the predominant renal localization of SEB was of fundamental pathophysiologic importance in the development of lethal shock after the intravenous administration of this toxin to monkeys. Eight bilaterally nephrectomized Macaca mulatta given 10 μg of SEB per kg survived for an average time period less than half that of nephrectomized control animals (P < 0.001). Their survival time, however, was similar to that of control, sham-nephrectomized monkeys given an equal amount of SEB. Thus, no evidence was obtained to suggest that the kidney converted purified SEB to a more potent toxin. The glomerular filtration and proximal tubule cell accumulation of SEB possibly occurred as a nonspecific consequence of its molecular size, and such localization within the kidney might have served to reduce the quantity of SEB reaching some other site of toxic activity. Similar pathological and clinical findings were demonstrated in monkeys from both experimental and control groups; these could not be ascribed to SEB alone.
Influenza infections during pregnancy: association with congenital malformations and with subsequent neoplasms in children, and potential hazards of live virus vaccines

ASSOCIATION OF INFLUENZA INFECTIONS DURING PREGNANCY AND CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS 356 Problems in Interpretation.356 Evidence for and Against an Association.357 CNS malformations Circulatory malformations.360 Cleft lip and reduction deformities.3 1 Other reports suggesting an association between influenza and congenital malformations.36 Reports unable to substantiate an association between influenza and congenital malformations.3 2 Evidence from Animal Models 63
Use of a Fiber Optic Probe for Spectral Measurements and the Continuous Recording of the Turbidity of Growing Microbial Cultures

This paper describes the properties and use of a fiber optic probe as an attachment to a spectrophotometer and its use for measurements in solutions and turbid suspensions. Measurements of a standard were identical when a spectrophotometer equipped with the probe was used or when a spectrophotometer was used in a conventional manner. The probe was calibrated for turbidimetric measurements with microorganisms by relating the apparent absorbancy measured on the spectrophotometer to the dry weight of each species of organism. Continuous measurements were made of the turbidity of growing cultures of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transient changes in cell mass were observed in some cultures during continuous monitoring of growth. The data were recovered in a manner which allowed direct computer processing.
Method for Measuring Mineralization in Lake Sediments

A method is described for measuring the mineralization of an organic solute (14C-glucose) by the heterotrophic indigenous bacteria in lake sediments. Since there is no suitable procedure for the determination of in situ microbial activities in sediments, the procedure described is probably the best devised so far and may serve as a base for a more definitive procedure.
Green-low-cost rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries using hollow porous spinel ZnMn2O4 as the cathode material

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have been receiving much attention recently due to their potential large-scale applications for energy storage, although only a few cathode materials have been reported as the intercalation hosts for divalent Zn2+ ions. Here, we report competitive ZIBs based on hollow porous ZnMn2O4 as the cathode and zinc as the anode. ZnMn2O4 is firstly prepared through a solvothermal carbon template dispersed by polyvinyl pyrrolidone, followed by an annealing process. The galvanostatic charge–discharge measurement demonstrates that a reversible discharge capacity of 106.5 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 300 cycles can be achieved with no capacity decay after the addition of 0.05 mol L−1 of MnSO4 into the electrolyte. Meanwhile, it exhibits a high capacity of 70.2 mA h g−1 at a large current density of 3200 mA g−1. The excellent cycle and rate performances are attributed to the synergistic effect of the deficient spinel structure of hollow porous ZnMn2O4 with residual carbon distribution and the inhibition of Mn dissolution during the charge/discharge process.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE ENDOGENOUS METABOLISM OF BACTERIA

INTRODUCTION. 126 SUBSTRATES FOR ENDOGENOUS METABOLISM . 127 Role of PHB . 127 Biosynthesis of PHB . 130 Catabolism of PHB. 131 Glycogenlike Reserves . 132 Amino Acid Pools. 135 RNA Metabolism. 136 Protein. 138 Other Potential Substrates. 138 ENERGY OF MAINTENANCE. 138 STARVATION AND SURVIVAL. 142 Death. 143 Relationship Between Survival and Endogenous Substrates . 144 SUMMARY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK. 145 LITERATURE CITED. 146
Influence of Organic Manures and Moisture Regimes on Hydrolysable Forms of Nitrogen in an Acid Soil of Manipur, India

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important plant nutrient required by plants for growth and metabolic activities. It also encourages vegetative growth. It is required in relatively large concentration by most agricultural crops, but only insufficient quantities are available in the soil. Nitrogen is the most common limiting nutrient in crop production. In soil, nitrogen exists in two major forms: organic and inorganic. A bulk of total nitrogen is present in the organic form and only about 2% in inorganic form. The organic form of nitrogen, particularly the hydrolysable form, is slowly mineralized and is transformed to mineral nitrogen by soil microbes. However, some organic nitrogen is in the forms that are difficult for microbes to digest and release under any circumstance. During the transformation nitrogen is converted from one form to another.
Physiology of Sporeforming Bacteria Associated with Insects: Radiorespirometric Survey of Carbohydrate Metabolism In the 12 Serotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis

Radiorespirometry was used to compare the primary pathways of glucose catabolism in 18 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis representing the 12 established serotypes. Every strain utilizes the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway almost exclusively; pentose-phosphate pathway participation is minor. The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway predominates regardless of whether the cells were grown in a minimal medium or one containing yeast extract. The results indicate that the absolute requirement for citrate and related compounds is not a result of defective citrate or glucose transport and metabolism.
Specificity and Sensitivity of the Streptozyme Test for the Detection of Streptococcal Antibodies

A comparison between the results of the streptozyme hemagglutination test and serological titers for anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-hyaluronidase (AH), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (ADN-B), and anti-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidase (ANAD) was made in two groups of human sera. In one group, serological titers for all the four antibodies were lower than the threshold of sensitization reported by the producing firm. In the second group, the titer of at least one of the four antibodies was equal to or higher than the threshold. False-positive and false-negative reactions occur with those sera when one or more antibody titer is at or near the threshold of the test as described by the manufacturer. The test was positive for all sera where either the ASO was greater than 166 or the ANAD was greater than 270, and for 98% of the sera with ADN-B greater than 360. It is, therefore, concluded that the streptozyme test can be used as an adjunct to the clinical diagnosis of streptococcal infections and their nonsuppurative sequelae. It is less useful to assess the levels of antibodies in sera from general population surveys. For such sera, the relative specificity and sensitivity of the test might yield misleading results. Until more experience is gained with the test, caution should be used in its application to infant and older adult age groups, where significant streptococcal antibody titers are frequently near the threshold of the test.
SYMPOSIUM ON THE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA

The lactic acid bacteria have attracted the attention of bacteriologists since the beginning of bacteriology. They have been of particular practical interest to the food and fermentation industries. The chemical activities of certain species are essential in the manufacture of a variety of foods and fermented products, whereas certain other species ruin these products. A few species are of medical importance. The streptococci and lactobacilli particularly have been subjected to much taxonomic and basic research. However, taxonomists recognize an increasing need for satisfactory means of identifying, differentiating, and characterizing the genera and species in the family Lactobacteriaceae. During the past decade, special attention and investigation have been directed to the role of vitamins and amino acids in the nutrition and physiology of the lactic acid bacteria. The results of studies during this brief period have provided fundamental information of incalculable value toward improving the nutrition of higher forms of life, particularly of man. Furthermore, they show that certain selected species and strains of lactic acid bacteria are not only "indispensable analytical tools for biochemical and nutritional research," but are also extremely useful for assaying foods and other materials for their contents of vitamins and amino acids. Thus, an entirely new field of bacteriological research has developed. Much fundamental and practical information has been obtained recently
Membrane Intermediates in the Peptidoglycan Metabolism of Escherichia coli: Possible Roles of PBP 1b and PBP 3

The two membrane precursors (pentapeptide lipids I and II) of peptidoglycan are present in Escherichia coli at cell copy numbers no higher than 700 and 2,000 respectively. Conditions were determined for an optimal accumulation of pentapeptide lipid II from UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide in a cell-free system and for its isolation and purification. When UDP-MurNAc-tripeptide was used in the accumulation reaction, tripeptide lipid II was formed, and it was isolated and purified. Both lipids II were compared as substrates in the in vitro polymerization by transglycosylation assayed with PBP lb or PBP 3. With PBP lb, tripeptide lipid II was used
Calculation of Heat Sterilization Times for Fermentation Media

Sterilization of nutrient media is an operation essential to all industrial fermentation processes requiring pure culture maintenance. AMethods for sterilizing nutrient media include 1) heating, 2) filtration, 3) irradiations, 4) sonic vibration, and 5) exposure to chemical agents. Because heating the medium, usually by steam, is the most reliable and on a large scale the easiest to control, it is the method of choice throughout the fermentation industry. The increasing availability of radioactive isotopes undoubtedly will stimulate further study of the use of gamma radiation for sterilization. However, a great deal of work is needed before commerically feasible gamma ray applications will be used in the fermentation industry. The other methods, although successful on a laboratory scale, present too many operational drawbacks for large-scale use in fermentation processes. How long should a nutrient medium be exposed at high temperatures to achieve sterile conditions? This question arises often and usually is answered in benchscale or pilot plant tests. Improper translation of these test results with large equipment may subject the medium to unnecessary overheating. A method by which minimum exposure time to achieve sterile conditions can be calculated from easily obtainable thermaldeath relationships and the temperature conditions in a heat sterilization process is presented in this paper. The method can be used to correlate sterilization conditions among various sized fermentation vessels. It also permits evaluation of the temperature and retention time relationship in continuous sterilizers. It need not be restricted to fermentation processes, but should be applicable to any process involving a heat sterilization or pasteurization operation.
Cremen, G., & Werner, M. J. (2020). A novel approach to assessing nuisance risk from seismicity induced by UK shale gas development, with implications for future policy design. Natural Hazards and Earth

We propose a novel framework for assessing the risk associated with seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing, which has been a notable source of recent public concern. The framework combines statistical forecast models for injection-induced seismicity, ground motion prediction equations, and exposure models for affected areas, to quantitatively link the volume of fluid injected during operations with the potential for nuisance felt ground motions. Such (relatively small) motions are expected to be more aligned with the public tolerance threshold for induced seismicity than larger ground shaking that could cause structural damage. This proactive type of framework, which facilitates control of the injection volume ahead of time for risk mitigation, has significant advantages over reactive-type magnitude and ground-motion-based systems typically used for induced seismicity management. The framework is applied to the region surrounding the Preston New Road shale gas site in North West England. A notable finding is that the calculations are particularly sensitive to assumptions of the seismicity forecast model used, i.e. whether it limits the cumulative seismic moment released for a given volume or assumes seismicity is consistent with the Gutenberg–Richter distribution for tectonic events. Finally, we discuss how the framework can be used to inform relevant policy.
Variation of Pattern of Superficial Veins in Cubital Fossa of the Nepalese Blood Donors in Blood Bank of a Tertiary Care Hospital

For correspondence Dr. Gopal Rana, Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, National Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Birgunj, Parsa, Nepal Email: drgopalrana74@gmail.com Abstract The superficial veins present on the roof of cubital fossa, are usually used for collecting blood for various laboratory tests, venesection or blood transfusion and intravenous therapy in various diseased conditions of human body. Various connections and anastomosis form different patterns of veins over the fossa. This study was conducted to see different patterns of superficial veins in the cubital fossa of blood donors.
Seawater DIC analysis: The effects of blanks and long‐term storage on measurements of concentration and stable isotope composition

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and stable isotope composition measurements (δ13C) are central to the study of biological and chemical processes in the ocean. We examined a small volume (1 mL) method using continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF‐IRMS) for making both measurements in a single sample run. Prior exploration of this approach has yielded variable results. Effects of concentration, isotopic composition, storage time, and the gas used to flush the sample tubes were tested using standard solutions. Multiple isotopic composition standards permitted calculation of an apparent blank that develops due to slow rates of gas exchange through the septum. A blank correction is applied to the δ13C measurements, giving precision and accuracy better than 0.1‰ after 6 months of storage and ∼ 0.2‰ after 18 months of storage. CF‐IRMS concentration measurements on field samples collected near Tatoosh Island, off the Pacific coast of Washington, U.S.A. , were compared to independent measurements (Dickson, CDQC Laboratory, UCSD) on the same water, the latter approach involving collection of 500 mL of seawater fixed with mercuric chloride. Concentration measurements by CF‐IRMS on seawater samples (precision ∼ 1–2%) are correctable to the Dickson results, though scatter in this relation exceeds analytical precision. The DIC and δ13C measurements on coastal seawater, in conjunction with salinity measurements, indicated strong effects of biological activity on carbon dynamics relative to possible effects of mixing water masses. In sum, this small volume methodology has application to field situations and laboratory experiments where larger volumes are logistically challenging and storage space is limited.
LINC01133 Inhibits Invasion and Promotes Proliferation in an Endometriosis Epithelial Cell Line

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder characterized by ectopic growth of endometrium outside the uterus and is associated with chronic pain and infertility. We investigated the role of the long intergenic noncoding RNA 01133 (LINC01133) in endometriosis, an lncRNA that has been implicated in several types of cancer. We found that LINC01133 is upregulated in ectopic endometriotic lesions. As expression appeared higher in the epithelial endometrial layer, we performed a siRNA knockdown of LINC01133 in an endometriosis epithelial cell line. Phenotypic assays indicated that LINC01133 may promote proliferation and suppress cellular migration, and affect the cytoskeleton and morphology of the cells. Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that cell proliferation and migration pathways were affected in line with the observed phenotype. We validated upregulation of p21 and downregulation of Cyclin A at the protein level, which together with the quantification of the DNA content using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis indicated that the observed effects on cellular proliferation may be due to changes in cell cycle. Further, we found testis-specific protein kinase 1 (TESK1) kinase upregulation corresponding with phosphorylation and inactivation of actin severing protein Cofilin, which could explain changes in the cytoskeleton and cellular migration. These results indicate that endometriosis is associated with LINC01133 upregulation, which may affect pathogenesis via the cellular proliferation and migration pathways.