Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DDDT_A_351421 843..861

Background: There is growing evidence to suggest that ginsenoside Rd (GRd) has a therapeutic effect on depression, but the specific mechanisms behind its activity require further study. Objective: This study is designed to investigate the antidepressant-like effect and underlying mechanisms of GRd. Methods: In this study, the behavioral despair mouse model of depression and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model of depression were established to explore the effects of GRd on depression-like behavior and its underlying mechanisms. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate the replication of animal models and depression-like behaviors. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) blocker 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) was injected to determine the role of HIF-1α in the antidepressant-like effect of GRd. In addition, molecular biology techniques were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1ɑ signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity-related regulators, that is synapsin 1 (SYN 1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD 95). In silico binding interaction studies of GRd with focused target proteins were performed using molecular docking to predict the affinity and optimal binding mode between ligands and receptors. Results: Our data show that GRd significantly reversed depression-like behavior and promoted mRNA and protein expression of HIF1ɑ signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity-related regulators. However, the antidepressant-like effect of GRd disappeared upon inhibition of HIF-1α expression following administration of 2-ME. Furthermore, molecular docking results showed that GRd possessed significant binding affinity for HIF-1α, VEGF, and VEGFR-2. Conclusion: Our results show that GRd exhibits significant antidepressant-like effect and that HIF-1α signaling pathway is a promising target for the treatment of depression.
he Influence of Role Conflict, Time Burden and Competence on Professionalism and Ability of Internal Auditors to Detect Fraud at the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Education and Culture in Indonesia

The word "fraud" is a word that exists today. There are no business entities or institutions that are entirely devoid of the risk of fraud. People who commit crimes can be found in every socioeconomic class. As a result, there's a requirement for various stakeholders to be concerned and aware of the possibility of fraud in the workplace. The purpose of this research is to study the impact of role conflicts, workload, and internal auditors’ ability to detect fraud. Collecting data using a questionnaire which is measured by a Likert scale. The population in this study were all internal auditors of the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Education and Culture. The saturated sample consisted of 300 respondents. The data analysis method uses SEM-PLS modeling through the SmartPLS version 3.0 program. By testing the validity, reliability, R Square value, F Square value, Q Square value. Testing the hypothesis using the bootstrap T-test method. The results of the study stated that role conflict and time burden had a negative and significant effect on professionalism, but competence had a positive and significant effect on professionalism, role conflict, and time load had a negative and significant effect on the ability to detect fraud, but competence and competence. professionalism has a positive and significant effect on the ability to detect fraud. Role conflicts, time, and professional burdens can affect the ability to detect fraud indirectly through professional mediation. This study requires careful planning and clear authority and responsibility to conduct field audits and the need to increase competence to increase the professionalism of auditors in detecting.
Recognition of handwritten Latin characters with diacritics using CNN

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have achieved huge popularity in solving problems in image analysis and in text recognition. In this work, we assess the effectiveness of CNN-based architectures where a network is trained in recognizing handwritten characters based on Latin script. European languages such as Dutch, French, German, etc., use different variants of the Latin script, so in the conducted research, the Latin alphabet was extended by certain characters with diacritics used in Polish language. To evaluate the recognition results under the same conditions, a handwritten Latin dataset was also developed. The proposed CNN architecture produced an accuracy of 96% for the extended character set. This is comparable to state-of-the-art results found in the domain of identifying handwritten characters. The presented approach extends the usage of CNN-based recognition to different variants of the Latin characters and shows it can be successfully used for a set of languages based on that script. It seems to be an effective technique for a set of languages written using the Latin script.
Optimization with Adaptive Step Size Selection from a Dynamical Systems Perspective

We investigate how adaptive step size methods from numerical analysis can be used to speed up optimization routines. In contrast to line search strategies, the proposed methods recycle available gradient evaluations. Thus, neither evaluations of the objective function nor additional gradient evaluations are required, and the computational complexity per iteration remains at O ( d ) , where d is the problem dimension. On strongly convex functions, our results show a consistent improvement in the number of iterations by up to a factor of 2 with the gradient method and of 1 . 4 with the heavy ball method across a range of condition numbers
: Predicting the Helpfulness of Online

Online reviews provide a valuable resource for potential customers to make purchase decisions. However, the sheer volume of available reviews as well as the large variations in the review quality present a big impediment to the eﬀective use of the reviews, as the most helpful reviews may be buried in the large amount of reviews of low qualities. The goal of this paper is to develop models and algorithms for predicting the helpfulness of reviews, which provides the basis for discovering the most helpful reviews for given products. We ﬁrst show that the helpfulness of a review depends on three important factors: the reviewer’s expertise, the writing style of the review, and the timeliness of the review. Based on the analysis of those factors, we present HelpMeter, a nonlinear regression model for helpfulness prediction. Our empirical study on the IMDB movie reviews dataset demonstrates that the proposed approach is highly eﬀective.
Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Lecturers in Private Higher Educational Institutions in Shandong Province in China

This study explored the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention among the lecturers in private Higher Educational Institutions (HEI) in Shandong Province of China. 36-items from Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) and 6-items from Turnover Intention Scale (TIS6) were utilized to measure the level of job satisfaction and turnover intention respectively. Through stratified random sampling, 4 private HEI was selected with 231 lecturers involved in this study. The level of job satisfaction was at moderate level (3.05 ± 1.15) and turnover intention was at high level (4.05 ± 0.97). Married lecturers were found to have higher satisfaction with the pay than those single lecturers. Significant negative correlation was found between all the dimensions of job satisfaction and turnover intention. Stepwise linear regression analysis further pin-points the important predictors of turnover intention and they are communication, promotion, pay, co-workers and supervision. This study recommended improvement in the pay level, effective incentive mechanism, fair promotion, solid professional development and rational operating procedure as intervention to curb turnover intention.
Peace and Nuclear-free Advocacy Revisited: Lessons from New Zealand and Implications for Japan

Although there are multiple pathways of conditions leading to desired policy outcomes, the viability of peace and nuclear-free advocacy can be related to the convergence of a strong, diverse, and active civil society, where leadership and a responsive political environment are well-integrated. We discuss that sociopolitical mobilizations (e.g. peace and nuclear-free advocacy), active civil society, and democratic institutions are not only linked to each other but are also co-existent. In this essay, we look at the case of New Zealand (Aotearoa) with its unique nuclear-free peace movement and find some implications for contemporary Japan, which is the only country which was subjected to atomic bombing but which does not support nuclear disarmament in its official policies, despite the presence of a long-standing peace movement and substantial majorities in favor of steps like Japan signing the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW).
Evaluation Of A Mind-body Website By Women With Breast Cancer

Despite having access to volumes of information, women newly diagnosed with breast cancer report a moderate level of distress related to their diagnosis, treatment, life expectancy, threat to current roles, and life-changing surgery and treatment choices. Web sites designed to teach people strategies to reduce distress are readily available online. The online format may be useful and practical for women who can access the site at their convenience, learn the components of the interventions at their own pace, and practice the strategies in the comfort of their home. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an online Mind-Body web site (http://www.www.preparingforyoursurgery.com) designed to reduce distress related to surgery for its usability, practicality, and appropriateness for women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Results of this study will be used to either adopt use of the web site into standard of care at our cancer center or explore development of a similar web site to meet the needs of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Women recently diagnosed with breast cancer, who had breast cancer surgery in the past 60 days, were asked to evaluate an online Mind-Body web site and then respond to an online questionnaire measuring the web site usability, practicality, and appropriateness. Thirty-one women evaluated the web site and completed the online survey. The majority of women agreed the web site is useful, practical, appropriate, and would recommend to others. There was no significant relationship between age, income, level of education, frequency of Internet use, or experience with Mind-Body techniques and women who agreed the web site is useful, appropriate, or practical compared to women who were neutral or disagreed the web site iii is useful, appropriate, or practical. The results of this study suggest the web site could be introduced to women newly diagnosed with breast cancer at our cancer center regardless of age, income, education, frequency of Internet use, or experience with Mind-Body techniques.
Is High Inflation the New Challenge for Central Banks?

In this paper we briefly review the macroeconomic theory of inflation, relating it to the recent developments in the advanced economies. Then, we analyse the drivers of the rise in inflation observed in 2021 in the United States and in Europe, and we illustrate the factors that may affect the inflationary scenario of the advanced economies in the longer term. Finally, we discuss what challenges the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank have to meet in the face of current inflationary pressures. This paper was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with the ECB President on 27 September 2021. Is High Inflation the New Challenge for Central Banks? Monetary Dialogue Papers September 2021 This document was requested by the European Parliament's committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON). AUTHORS Luigi BONATTI, University of Trento Roberto TAMBORINI, University of Trento ADMINISTRATOR RESPONSIBLE Drazen RAKIC EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS Roberto BIANCHINI LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR Policy departments provide in-house and external expertise to support European Parliament committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny over EU internal policies. To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe for email alert updates, please write to: Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies European Parliament L-2929 Luxembourg Email: Poldep-Economy-Science@ep.europa.eu Manuscript completed: September 2021 Date of publication: September 2021 © European Union, 2021 This document was prepared as part of a series on "Rise in Inflation: Temporary or Sign of a More Permanent Trend? ", available on the internet at: https://www.europarl. europa.eu/committees/en/econ/econ-policies/monetary-dialogue Follow the Monetary Expert Panel on Twitter: @EP_Monetary DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. For citation purposes, the publication should be referenced as: Bonatti, L. and Tamborini, R. , Financial Dominance: Is High Inflation the New Challenge for Central Banks? , Publication for the committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, European Parliament, Luxembourg, 2021. The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Is High Inflation the New Challenge for Central Banks? 3 PE 695.455 CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES 4 LIST OF TABLES 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6
Density Turbulence and the Angular Broadening of Outer Heliospheric Radio Sources at High Latitudes and in the Ecliptic Plane

Density irregularities are responsible for the scattering of radio waves in the solar wind and astrophysical plasmas. These irregularities significantly affect the inferred physical properties of radio sources, such as size, direction, and intensity. We present here a theory of angular broadening due to the scattering of radio waves by density irregularities that improves the existing formalism used to investigate radio wave scattering in the outer heliosphere and the very local interstellar medium. The model includes an inner scale and both latitudinal and radial dependencies for the density fluctuation spectra and propagation paths for the radiation both near and out of the ecliptic plane. Based on the pickup-ion-mediated solar wind model (PUI model) of Zank et al., we estimate the turbulence and solar wind quantities for the high-latitude fast solar wind. The predictions include the density variance, inner/dissipation scale, velocity correlation length, mean magnetic field, and proton temperature. The density turbulence amplitude is estimated in two ways. First, a simple scaling technique is used to extend the theoretical predictions of the PUI model for the high-latitude wind beyond the heliospheric termination shock. Second, the solar wind and turbulence quantities are calculated near the ecliptic plane using plasma and magnetometer data from the Voyager 2 spacecraft over the period 1977–2018. Based on the turbulence models and observations, we calculate the scattering angle of the radio sources in the high-latitude and near-ecliptic wind. Finally, we compare the numerical results with the analytic predictions from Cairns and Armstrong et al. and the observed source sizes.
L3S at the TREC 2021 Deep Learning Track

In this paper we describe the approach we used for the passage and document ranking task in the TREC 2021 deep learning track. Our approach aims for efficient retrieval and re-ranking by making use of fast look-up-based forward indexes for dense dual-encoder models. The score of a query-document pair is computed as a linear interpolation of the corresponding lexical (BM25) and semantic (re-ranking) scores. This is akin to performing the re-ranking step “implicitly” together with the retrieval step. We improve efficiency by avoiding forward passes of expensive re-ranking models without compromising performance.
The protective strengths of positive body image for somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression

This study examined the protective strengths of positive body image for various dimensions of general health in a non-clinical setting. Two hundred and seventy-six university students (139 males; M = 21.09; 137 females; M = 21.51) with a normal Body Mass Index (BMI) took part in the study. The positive body image and general health of the participants were measured using the Body Image Scale and the General Health Questionnaire, respectively. The findings revealed higher mean scores on body appreciation (BA) and body effectiveness (BE) (components of positive body image) and overall positive body image scale of the female participants compared to the males. Body appreciation, body effectiveness and overall positive body image showed significant negative correlations with social dysfunction, depression, and overall general health. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Ceremonial use of the performance-based budgeting by São Paulo municipalities

This study aimed to analyze the quality of performance information in the current performance-based budget from municipalities in the Brazilian State of São Paulo. Performance-based budgeting has been a legal requirement required by law in the country. The research compared the indicators and goals of multi-year budgeting in 2011, 2015, and 2019. To analyze the informational content of the municipalities' performancebased budgets, the study used four measures: (i) targets or goals set to zero, (ii) achieved outputs set to zero, (iii) inconsistent metrics for targets or goals, and (iv) symbolic endowment targets or goals. The findings suggest that a significant amount of inconsistency in performance data has probably not been used in the evaluation of public policies. Programs, indicators, plans, and targets are only created and maintained ceremonially to meet the requirements of the Courts of Accounts in these cases. This suggests that in the state of São Paulo, the traditional fiscal budgetary logic based on departmental monetary resource allocation prevails.
A Systematic Review of Garlic and Ginger as Medicinal Spices against Viral Infections

Garlic (Allium sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) are globally utilized herbal medicinal spices. This systematic review discussed available evidence on the direct and indirect antiviral activities of garlic and ginger. Studies investigating the antiviral activities of garlic and ginger were searched and retrieved from four databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science direct, and MEDLINE. Data search and retrieval were done up to 15 October 2021. A total of 28 studies were included in this systematic review (garlic = 18 studies; ginger = 10 studies). Fresh garlic aqueous extract and fresh ginger hot water extract were the most investigated forms of garlic and ginger, respectively. There was minimal evidence on the prophylactic antiviral effect of garlic and ginger, moderate evidence on the therapeutic and prophylactic/therapeutic antiviral effects, and minimal evidence on the enhancement of the immune system against viral infections. The low-moderate quality evidence on the direct and indirect antiviral effects of garlic and ginger has provided the necessary background to instigate further high-quality investigations to validate the current information, address the grey areas, and provide valuable insights into the possible utility of garlic and ginger as raw materials in drug development against viral infections.
zone, Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, Yunnan, China

The geology east of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis is poorly known, although it fi gures prominently in many models for the Cenozoic tectonics of the India-Eurasia collision and subsequent intracontinental deformation. The little known Chong Shan shear zone a ~250-km–long and ~10-km–wide metamorphic belt composed mainly of mylonitic augen gneisses and migmatites, forms a major shear zone developed during early Cenozoic extrusion of the Indochina crustal (lithospheric? ) fragment. Foliation within the shear zone is moderately to steeply west dipping, and stretching lineations are subhorizontal, consistent with dominantly strike-slip transport. Kinematic indicators including rotated porphyroclasts, S-C fabrics, and asymmetric folds provide evidence for both dextral and sinistral movements. Our preliminary geochronological studies indicate that the Chong Shan shear zone has been active since at least ca. 34 Ma, and perhaps as early as 41 Ma. Strike-slip shearing continued at least until ca. 29 Ma, perhaps as late as ca. 24 Ma, and terminated by ca. 17 Ma. The Chong Shan shear zone, therefore, is not a belt of Precambrian metamorphic rocks as previously interpreted, but a Cenozoic shear zone of great signifi cance, which was contemporaneous with movement on the left-lateral Ailao Shan shear zone and the right-lateral Gaoligong Shan shear zone two shear zones that bound the Indochina fragment on the east and west, respectively. Our data from the Chong Shan shear zone along with the data presented elsewhere from the Gaoligong Shan shear zone indicate that while the region between the Gaoligong Shan shear zone and Ailao Shan shear zone extruded to the southeast, it did not extrude as a single rigid block, but rather it was dismembered into at least two major fragments, the Baoshan to the west and the Lanping-Simao to the east separated by the Chong Shan shear zone. Our study of the Chong Shan shear zone suggests it and the other major early Cenozoic shear zones formed part of a broad major shear zone that passes into eastern Tibet between the Qiangtang and Lhasa tectonic units.