Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to Interpret a Functional or Motility Test - Colon Transit Study

Measurement of colon transit time is the most basic and primary tool in evaluating disorders of colonic motility. In particular, it is helpful in pathologic diagnosis and for planning management in patients with constipation. Several techniques for measuring colon transit time currently exist. The standard measurement of colon transit time has been performed using radioopaque marker test. The radioopaque marker test is the most widely used method; it is simple to perform as well as being cost effective. But, this technique produces radiation exposure. Radionuclide scintigraphy and wireless motility capsules are other techniques used to measure colon transit time. In radionuclide scintigraphy, the transit of radioisotope is viewed by gamma camera; this approach has an advantage in that it uses minimal radiation and it allows a physiological assessment of gastrointestinal transit. Wireless motility capsules have been validated most recently, but this technique is not useful in Korea. This review presents the techniques used to measure colon transit time and the interpretations provided in different colon transit studies.
Effect of at-home and in-office bleaching on microleakage of class V composite resin restorations using different types of universal adhesives: An in vitro study

Background. When bleaching agents contact dental structures, they act on restorative materials and adhesive interfaces. This study investigated the effect of "at-home" and "in-office" bleaching on the microleakage of composite resin restorations performed with different universal adhesives in self-etch and etch-and-rinse modes. Methods. Class V cavities were prepared in 132 premolars. The samples were divided into four groups (n=33). All Bond Universal adhesive was used in the first and second groups, and G-Premio Bond adhesive was used in the third and fourth groups. The total-etch mode was used in the first and third groups, and the self-etch mode was used in the second and fourth groups. The samples were divided into three subgroups (n=11). In the first subgroup, home bleaching was used, and in the second subgroup, office bleaching was used. In the third subgroup, bleaching was not performed. The specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope for microleakage. Ordinal regression analysis was applied (P<0.05). Results. The adhesive type, application method, and margin type significantly affected microleakage (P<0.05). The amount of microleakage in All Bond Universal adhesive was significantly higher than in G-Premio Bond adhesive. The chance of microleakage in the self-etch mode was almost twice as high as in the etch-and-rinse mode. The bleaching method did not significantly affect microleakage (P>0.05). Conclusion. Based on the results of the microleakage test, bleaching after composite resin restorations did not significantly affect the microleakage of Class V restorations.
How Do I Remember That I Know You Know That I Know?

Communication is aided greatly when speakers and listeners take advantage of mutually shared knowledge (i.e., common ground). How such information is represented in memory is not well known. Using a neuropsychological-psycholinguistic approach to real-time language understanding, we investigated the ability to form and use common ground during conversation in memory-impaired participants with hippocampal amnesia. Analyses of amnesics’ eye fixations as they interpreted their partner’s utterances about a set of objects demonstrated successful use of common ground when the amnesics had immediate access to common-ground information, but dramatic failures when they did not. These findings indicate a clear role for declarative memory in maintenance of common-ground representations. Even when amnesics were successful, however, the eye movement record revealed subtle deficits in resolving potential ambiguity among competing intended referents; this finding suggests that declarative memory may be critical to more basic aspects of the on-line resolution of linguistic ambiguity.
INSIGHT INTO SPECIATION FROM HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY IN THE PHYTOPHAGOUS BEETLE GENUS OPHRAELLA

Speciation in phytophagous insects is commonly associated with shifts in host use. Using a phylogenetic framework to identify recently diverged taxa that have undergone a radical host shift, this study focuses on how reconstruction of the historical demography of a species, in conjunction with branching patterns between species, provides insight into mode of speciation. Analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences indicate that the leaf beetle Ophraella communa exhibits significant population structure, as shown by patterns of genealogical relationships among mitochondrial haplotypes and high FST‐values. However, the absence of regional localization of old clades of haplotypes, negative Tajima's D, and unimodal rather than bimodal frequency distribution of the number of pairwise differences between sequences suggests an absence of long‐term barriers to gene flow. Furthermore, we found no evidence of isolation by distance. This pattern of genetic variation is consistent with episodes of gene flow on a large geographic scale, perhaps owing to Pleistocene changes in climate.
E cient testing of large graphs

Let P be a property of graphs. An -test for P is a randomized algorithm which, given the ability to make queries whether a desired pair of vertices of an input graph G with n vertices are adjacent or not, distinguishes, with high probability, between the case of G satisfying P and the case that it has to be modi ed by adding and removing more than n 2 edges to make it satisfy P . The property P is called testable, if for every there exists an -test for P whose total number of queries is independent of the size of the input graph. Goldreich, Goldwasser and Ron [8] showed that certain individual graph properties, like k-colorability admit an -test. In this paper we make a rst step towards a complete logical characterization of all testable graph properties, and show that properties describable by a very general type of coloring problem are testable. We use this theorem to prove that rst order graph properties not containing a quanti er alternation of type \89" are always testable, while we show that some properties containing this alternation are not. Our results are proven using a combinatorial lemma, a special case of which, that may be of independent interest, is the following. A graph H is called -unavoidable in G if all graphs that di er A preliminary version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of the 40 th Symposium on Foundation of Computer Science (FOCS'99), IEEE Press 1999, 656{666. y Department of Mathematics, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel, and AT&T Labs{Research, Florham Park, NJ 07932, USA. Email: noga@math.tau. ac.il. Research supported by a USA Israeli BSF grant, by a grant from the Israel Science Foundation and by the Hermann Minkowski Minerva Center for Geometry at Tel Aviv University. z NEC Research Institute, 4 Independence Way, Princeton NJ, 08540, USA; and DIMACS. Research performed while at the Department of Mathematics, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, and supported by the Fritz Brann Doctoral Fellowship in Engineering and Exact Sciences. E-mail: scher@research.nj. nec.com x Department of Mathematics, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. E-mail: krivelev@math.tau. ac.il. Research was performed while this author was with DIMACS Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, and AT&T Labs{Research, Florham Park, NJ 07932, USA. Research supported in part by a DIMACS Postdoctoral Fellowship. { School of Mathematics, Institute for Advanced Study, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. E-mail: szegedy@math.ias. edu. Research was performed while this author was with AT&T Labs{Research, Florham Park, NJ 07932, USA. Mathematics Subject Classi cation (2000): 68R10, 05C85, 05C35.
XPS INVESTIGATION OF THE WORK FUNCTION OF GLASS CARBON COATINGS AFTER EXTENDED STAY ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS)

Using XPS, the electron work function values on the surface of glassy carbon coatings of graphite samples, after an extended stay on a board of the ISS in open space conditions, were investigated. The results were compared with the characteristics of glassy carbon coatings of samples left on the ground for the same period. It was found that the electron work function does not change significantly, and this proves the possibilities of successfully application of these coatings, obtained by original Bulgarian technology, for space experiments on the board of satellites for measuring electric fields in the ionospheric-magnetospheric plasma. The minimal observed variations in the values of the electron work function are explained by small differences in the content of traces of different chemical elements on the surface of the coatings. It has been established that the glassy carbon coatings have stable characteristics after a long stay in space, despite the small fluctuations in the values of the electron work function. The results show that glassy carbon coatings are chemically and mechanically stable. The obtained results of this original technological experiment are unique for development of sensitive elements - sensors for measuring weak electric fields in the cosmic plasma.
Farmer Perceptions on Empowerment Programs by the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Gauteng Province, South Africa

Abstract The study investigated the perceptions of farmers supported by empowerment programs by the Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (GDARD) with a focus on their understanding of empowerment in agriculture and on selected aspects of empowerment programs. Program beneficiaries were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Majority (59%) of farmers perceived soft (intangible) issues (consultation 29%, education and training 26%, and market access 4%) to be important determinants of empowerment. Only one in three (35%) farmers mentioned hard (tangible) issues of provision of infrastructure and equipment (14%), land reform (14%), and agricultural input supply (7%) to be important determinants of empowerment. Majority (64.3%) of farmers had negative perceptions on policy frameworks, and only one in three (35.7%) perceived the policies to be good. Support interventions of empowerment programs should prioritize soft issues such as consultation, information, counseling, advice, training, and market assessment.
Human tissue color as viewed in high dynamic range optical spectral transmission measurements

High dynamic range optical-to-near-infrared transmission measurements for different parts of human body in the spectral range from 650 to 950 nm have been performed. Experimentally measured spectra are correlated with Monte Carlo simulations using chromaticity coordinates in CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space. Both a qualitative and a quantitative agreement have been found, paving a new way of characterizing human tissues in vivo. The newly developed experimental and computational platform for assessing tissue transmission spectra is anticipated to have a considerable impact on identifying favorable conditions for laser surgery and optical diagnostics, while providing supplementary information about tissue properties.
SHTools: Tools for Working with Spherical Harmonics

Geophysical analyses are often performed in spherical geometry and require the use of spherical harmonic functions to express observables or physical quantities. When expanded to high degree, the accuracy and speed of the spherical harmonic transforms and reconstructions are of paramount importance. SHTools is a time and user‐tested open‐source archive of both Fortran 95 and Python routines for performing spherical harmonic analyses. The routines support all spherical‐harmonic normalization conventions used in the geosciences, including 4π‐normalized, Schmidt seminormalized, orthonormalized, and unnormalized harmonics, along with the option of employing the Condon‐Shortley phase factor of (−1)m . Data on the sphere can be sampled on a variety of grid formats, including equally spaced cylindrical grids and grids appropriate for integration by Gauss‐Legendre quadrature. The spherical‐harmonic transforms are proven to be fast and accurate for spherical harmonic degrees up to 2800. Several tools are provided for the geoscientist, including routines for performing localized spectral analyses and basic operations related to global gravity and magnetic fields. In the Python environment, operations are very simple to perform as a result of three class structures that encompass all operations on grids, spherical harmonic coefficients, and spatiospectral localization windows. SHTools is released under the unrestrictive BSD 3‐clause license.
Membrane interactions influence the peptide binding behavior of DR1

We analyzed the binding of an influenza matrix protein-derived peptide, MAT(17-31), to cell surface and purified DR1. The pH dependence of peptide binding was dramatically influenced by the membrane environment. Cell surface binding was enhanced at low pH, with little or no binding detected at neutral pH and optimal binding at pH 4. By contrast, hydrogen ion concentration had minimal effect on peptide binding to purified DR1. Exposure to low pH in the absence of peptide did not affect the peptide binding capacity of cell-associated DR1. Purified DR1 was stable at low pH, excluding the possibility that enhanced binding was offset by a competing denaturation event at low pH. The striking effect of pH on peptide binding characteristic of cell surface DR1 was recovered after reconstitution of purified DR1 in B cell membranes by detergent dialysis. This behavior was partially recovered by reconstitution of full-length, but not truncated DR1 in vesicles containing purified lipid. Our results demonstrate that interactions involving membrane components influence the peptide- binding behavior of DR1.
Selenomethionine Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Injury in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells Independent of MAPK Pathway Regulation

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a prevalent contaminant in feed and food, posing a serious threat to the health of both humans and animals. The pig stands as an ideal subject for the study of DON due to its recognition as the most susceptible animal to DON. In this study, the IPEC-J2 cells were utilized as an in vitro model to explore the potential of SeMet in alleviating the intestinal toxicity and oxidative injury in intestinal epithelial cells when exposed to DON. Cells were treated either with or without 4.0 μM SeMet, in combination with or without a simultaneous treatment with 0.5 μg/mL DON, for a duration of 24 h. Then, cells or related samples were analyzed for cell proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, gene expressions, and protein expressions. The results showed that SeMet mitigated the cellular toxicity caused by DON, evidenced by elevated cell proliferation and the reduced LDH release of IPEC-J2 cells in the SeMet + DON group vs. the DON group. Moreover, the SeMet treatment markedly promoted antioxidant functions and decreased the oxidative injury in IPEC-J2 cell, which is indicated by the decreased ROS level and up-regulated mRNA levels of GPX1, TXNRD1, Nrf2, and GCLC in IPEC-J2 cells in the SeMet + DON group vs. the DON group. However, in both the absence and presence of exposure to DON, the SeMet treatment did not affect the protein expression of MAPK (JNK, Erk1/2, and P38) and phosphorylated MAPK (p-JNK, p-Erk1/2, and p-P38) in IPEC-J2 cells. Collectively, SeMet alleviated the DON-induced oxidative injury in porcine intestinal epithelial cells independent of the MAPK pathway regulation.
Interactions with successional stage and nutrient status determines the life-form-specific effects of increased soil temperature on boreal forest floor vegetation

The boreal forest is one of the largest terrestrial biomes and plays a key role for the global carbon balance and climate. The forest floor vegetation has a strong influence on the carbon and nitrogen cycles of the forests and is sensitive to changes in temperature conditions and nutrient availability. Additionally, the effects of climate warming on forest floor vegetation have been suggested to be moderated by the tree layer. Data on the effects of soil warming on forest floor vegetation from the boreal forest are, however, very scarce. We studied the effects on the forest floor vegetation in a long-term (18 years) soil warming and fertilization experiment in a Norway spruce stand in northern Sweden. During the first 9 years, warming favored early successional species such as grasses and forbs at the expense of dwarf shrubs and bryophytes in unfertilized stands, while the effects were smaller after fertilization. Hence, warming led to significant changes in species composition and an increase in species richness in the open canopy nutrient limited forest. After another 9 years of warming and increasing tree canopy closure, most of the initial effects had ceased, indicating an interaction between forest succession and warming. The only remaining effect of warming was on the abundance of bryophytes, which contrary to the initial phase was strongly favored by warming. We propose that the suggested moderating effects of the tree layer are specific to plant life-form and conclude that the successional phase of the forest may have a considerable impact on the effects of climate change on forest floor vegetation and its feedback effects on the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and thus on the climate.
Predicting Discharge Dates From the NICU Using Progress Note Data

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Discharging patients from the NICU may be delayed for nonmedical reasons including the need for medical equipment, parental education, and children’s services. We describe a method to predict which patients will be medically ready for discharge in the next 2 to 10 days, providing lead time to address nonmedical reasons for delayed discharge. METHODS: A retrospective study examined 26 features (17 extracted, 9 engineered) from daily progress notes of 4693 patients (103 206 patient-days) from the NICU of a large, academic children’s hospital. These data were used to develop a supervised machine learning problem to predict days to discharge (DTD). Random forest classifiers were trained by using examined features and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision–based subpopulations to determine the most important features. RESULTS: Three of the 4 subpopulations (premature, cardiac, gastrointestinal surgery) and all patients combined performed similarly at 2, 4, 7, and 10 DTD with area under the curve (AUC) ranging from 0.854 to 0.865 at 2 DTD and 0.723 to 0.729 at 10 DTD. Patients undergoing neurosurgery performed worse at every DTD measure, scoring 0.749 at 2 DTD and 0.614 at 10 DTD. This model was also able to identify important features and provide “rule-of-thumb” criteria for patients close to discharge. By using DTD equal to 4 and 2 features (oral percentage of feedings and weight), we constructed a model with an AUC of 0.843. CONCLUSIONS: Using clinical features from daily progress notes provides an accurate method to predict when patients in the NICU are nearing discharge.
TEST OF EMPIRICAL SEDIMENT TRANSPORT RELATIONS AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL SWASH DATA UNDER THE NON-CAPACITY MODELING FRAMEWORK

Swash sediment transport and beach deformation has received great attention in the past two decades. Quantification of swash-induced sediment transport rate is of vital importance for accurate prediction of beach deformation in the swash zone. Two empirical parameters are involved in this quantification, empirical relations for sediment transport capacity and the bed shear stress that may be used in the former. Since the swash zone is highly unsteady, of short cross-shore distance, sediment transport in this zone may be of high possibility to be lag of the flow variation. Thus we have firstly developed a non-capacity sediment transport model for the swash zone. This model appreciates the fact that the actual sediment transport rate may not be necessarily equal to the sediment transport capacity of the flow. In contrast to traditional capacity models that calculate sediment transport rate using directly empirical relations (Hu et al. 2015), the non-capacity model uses the advection-diffusion equation to calculate depth-averaged sediment concentration firstly, and afterwards compute sediment transport rate as flow depth*velocity*concentration. We have also noted that some empirical relations for sediment transport capacity may predict physically unrealistic high values of sediment concentration in the swash zone. This is attributed to the vanishing water depth in the swash zone, whereas existing empirical relations are developed for relatively large water depths (Hu et al. 2015; Li et al. 2017).
Cryopreserved red blood cells are superior to standard liquid red blood cells

BACKGROUND Liquid preserved packed red blood cell (LPRBC) transfusions are used to treat anemia and increase end-organ perfusion. Throughout their storage duration, LPRBCs undergo biochemical and structural changes collectively known as the storage lesion. These changes adversely affect perfusion and oxygen off-loading. Cryopreserved RBCs (CPRBC) can be stored for up to 10 years and potentially minimize the associated storage lesion. We hypothesized that CPRBCs maintain a superior biochemical profile compared with LPRBCs. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Adult trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) greater than 4 and an anticipated 1-U to 2-U transfusion of PRBCs were eligible. Enrolled patients were randomized to receive either CPRBCs or LPRBCs. Serum proteins (haptoglobin, serum amyloid P, and C-reactive protein), proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, d-dimer, nitric oxide, and 2,3-DPG concentrations were analyzed. Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to assess significance (p < 0.05). RESULTS Fifty-seven patients were enrolled (CPRBC, n = 22; LPRBC, n = 35). The LPRBC group’s final interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor &agr;, and d-dimer concentrations were elevated compared with their pretransfusion values (p < 0.05). After the second transfused units, 2,3-DPG was higher in the patients receiving CPRBCs (p < 0.05); this difference persisted throughout the study. Finally, serum protein concentrations were decreased in the transfused CPRBC units compared with LPRBC (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION CPRBC transfusions have a superior biochemical profile: an absent inflammatory response, attenuated fibrinolytic state, and increased 2,3-DPG. A blood banking system using both storage techniques will offer the highest-quality products to critically injured patients virtually independent of periodic changes in donor availability and transfusion needs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level II.
No Time to Die

The solution to get this book is that we don't over you the free book. But, we offer you the free information about no time to die. Why should be this book to read and where is the place to get it, even the soft file forms are common questions to utter. In this website, we don't only provide this book. We have still lots of books to read. Yeah, we are on-line library that is always full of recommended books.