Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proof-related reasoning in upper secondary school: characteristics of Swedish and Finnish textbooks

Despite the central role of proofs in mathematics, research often shows that school textbooks offer limited support for the teaching and learning of proof-related reasoning. This study contributes to this field of research by studying Swedish and Finnish upper secondary textbooks on logarithms and combinatorics. Justifications in expository sections are analysed and students’ tasks are categorized according to the type and nature of reasoning they require. The findings imply that opportunities to learn proof-related reasoning are few, and are more oriented towards deductive reasoning in Finnish textbooks and towards empirical reasoning and conjecturing in Swedish textbooks. The results are discussed in relation to similar studies from both Scandinavian and United States contexts, and address future research and development of the theoretical framing of proof-related reasoning.
Brand Islam: The Marketing and Commodification of Piety

authorizing the killing of polytheists (which Cole places in its very specific and limited historical context) somehow abrogated all of the verses enjoining peace and forbearance. Jihad took on bellicose connotations, a holy war that became a collective obligation. Theologians developed Islamic exclusivism: ‘Muslims’ (those who have submitted to God’s will), who in Qur’an included Jews and Christians, is redefined to exclude them. Verses like Q 9.29, authorizing war against pagans until they submit and pay tribute ( jizya), are applied to Jews and Christians in order to justify the hierarchical relations between Muslims and dhimmīs (an exegesis, Cole asserts, that is ‘frankly bizarre’, 179). Sharia, a term never used in the Qur’an to refer to law, was developed into an elaborate legal system. In other words, Muhammad’s message of peace was rejected by his closest followers soon after his death and the Qur’an was interpreted in ways that justified a new aggressive Muslim ideology of conquest and domination. This interpretation flies in the face of what most people, Muslim or not, have learned about the prophet of Islam. Cole’s argument is a strong rebuttal both to Western Islamophobes and to fundamentalist, exclusive interpretations of Islam. The text of his essay provides a highly readable narrative; in his footnotes, Cole grounds his interpretation in the sources and engages with recent scholarship in the field. While on the whole he does an excellent job of providing historical context, elsewhere his attempts to explain Muhammad to twenty-firstcentury Western readers lead to anachronism: what does it mean to say that Muhammad’s role in Medina was akin to that of a ‘senator’? To call the Christian polemical text, Jacob newly baptized, a ‘literary novel’ (66) is inaccurate. The struggle between Persia and Constantinople becomes a ‘seventh-century game of thrones’ (1). Anachronistic, too, is his assertion that the 630 march on Mecca more resembled ‘Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr.’s 1963 march on Washington than a military campaign’ (198). In his effort to present Muhammad as a model peace-seeking leader of a multicultural society, he obscures much of the specific context of the seventh-century Hijaz (context that we find, for example, in the work of Jacqueline Chabbi). Despite these shortcomings, Cole’s Muhammad is a timely book that provides a strong, cogent argument against those, Islamophobes or Islamists, who promote a bellicose image of the Prophet.
The NIOSH B Reader Certification Program-An Update Report (1987-2018) and Future Directions.

OBJECTIVE The NIOSH B Reader Program provides the opportunity for physicians to demonstrate proficiency in the International Labour Office (ILO) system for classifying radiographs of pneumoconioses. We summarize trends in participation and examinee attributes and performance during 1987-2018. METHODS Since 1987, NIOSH has maintained details of examinees and examinations. Attributes of examinees and their examination performance were summarized. Simple linear regression was used in trend analysis of passing rates over time. RESULTS The mean passing rate for certification and recertification for the study period was 40.4%, and 82.6%, respectively. Since the mid-1990 s, the number of B Readers has declined and the mean age and years certified has increased. CONCLUSIONS To address the declining B Reader population, NIOSH is currently taking steps to modernize the program and offer more opportunities for training and testing.
Fetal Scapular Length as a Parameter for Gestational Age Assessment

1 (Junior Resident II, Department of Radio diagnosis, Bankura sammilani medical college, Bankura, India) 2 (Associate Professor, Department of Radio diagnosis, Bankura sammilani medical college, Bankura, India) 3 (Internee, Department of Community Medicine, Bankura sammilani medical college, Bankura, India) 4,5 (Resident medical officer, Department of Radio diagnosis, Bankura sammilani medical college, Bankura) 6 (Junior Resident III, Department of Community Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, India)
Presynaptic Mechanisms for Cargo Recruitment

Delivery and assembly of presynaptic material over long axonal distances is a daunting challenge for neurons. Many presynaptic proteins are thought to be delivered from the Golgi apparatus via precursor vesicles, the recruitment of which at nerve terminals is crucial for the maintenance of presynaptic function. But how do these transport vesicles know where to stop along the axon? In most cellular secretory pathways, Golgi-derived cargos are labeled with Rab GTPases that are recognized by tethering complexes at their fusion sites. Surprisingly, we know very little about what presynaptic tethers and cargo labels facilitate presynaptic cargo capture. I here address how transport vesicles are captured at nerve terminals. I find that Rab6 resides in the neuronal Golgi apparatus, and its active form also localizes to nerve terminals. Rab6 associates with highly mobile vesicles in axons and it binds to ELKS in the vesicleassociated form via a short sequence near the C-terminus of ELKS. Genetic ablation of Rab6B leads to a loss of synaptic vesicles and active zone material from nerve terminals together with an accumulation of uncaptured vesicles throughout the axon. ELKS1 is a large coiled coil protein that is localized to nerve terminals and is broadly distributed within them.
Existing and Resisting: The Pedagogical Realities of Black, Critical Men and Women Faculty

ABSTRACT The existing discourse highlighting Black faculty experiences in the classroom are largely hidden among studies that center the experiences of Faculty of Color who teach courses about race, gender, and/or diversity, regardless of their faculty status. And, even fewer of those studies unpack how their pedagogical approaches further complicate the experiences of Black faculty, especially Black faculty without tenure. The authors, who are Black hetero women and Black queer men, used embodied text as a framework to explore their teaching experiences as faculty and critical pedagogues. Where embodied text establishes the body as a site for learning and knowledge, critical pedagogy asserts that neither the classroom nor the knowledge constructed within that space are apolitical. The study findings illuminated how Black faculty bodies were scrutinized and ultimately showed that Black hetero women and Black queer men who were critical pedagogues embodied a resistance text that when read, oftentimes created intertextual pedagogical situations that invalidated their humanity. This research expands the scholarship on embodied text and critical pedagogy by examining the teaching experiences of Black faculty who not only centered critiques of power and privilege in non-diversity courses, but whose bodies were also disruptive in White, hetero, cis-patriarchal academic spaces.
Outcomes following adjuvant treatment (AT) for colon cancer (CC) 1978-1995 versus 1996-2007: Impact on recurrence rate, time from recurrence to death (TRD), and overall survival (OS)--Findings from the ACCENT dataset.

3616 Background: The ACCENT dataset contains pts treated on phase III AT trials (CT) from 1978- 2002. We examined OS outcomes over time, considering separately TTR and TRD, separately in stage II and III pts treated with 5FU/LV or 5FU/Lev. Methods: Data from 21 5-FU based AT CT for pts with stage II or III CC was analyzed using multivariate Cox models. Pts receiving surgery alone, 5-FU with oxaliplatin (oxal) or irinotecan (iri), or oral fluoropyrimidines were excluded. CT were prospectively defined as "old" or "new" era using initial accrual pre- or post-1995 (approximate date of iri or oxal use for recurrence). Results: 18,081 (97%) pts received 5-FU/LV with or w/o Lev, 578 (3%) received 1 yr of 5-FU/Lev. 29% were stage II. Overall 6087 (33%) pts recurred. No difference existed in TTR between old and new era CT in stage III pts (HR=1.02, p=0.52); in stage II pts TTR was longer in new era CT (HR=0.79, p=0.0007). OS was significantly improved in new era CT overall (HR=0.79, p < 0.0001) and for both stages.
Transport properties and ageing for the averaged Lévy–Lorentz gas

We consider a persistent random walk on an inhomogeneous environment where the reflection probability depends only on the distance from the origin. Such an environment is the result of an average over all realizations of disorder of a Levy–Lorentz (LL) gas. Here we show that this averaged Levy–Lorentz gas yields nontrivial results even when the related LL gas is trivial. In particular, we investigate its long time transport properties such as the mean square displacement and the statistics of records, as well as the occurrence of ageing phenomena.
Scalp acupuncture twisting manipulation for treatment of hemiplegia after acute ischemic stroke in patients: study protocol for a randomized, parallel, controlled, single-blind trial

Background: Acupuncture can be used in clinical practice to promote motor recovery in patients with acute ischemic stroke and paralysis. It is an economical, safe, and effective method that can be easily implemented in clinical settings. However, although scalp acupuncture is an easy-to-perform micro-needle therapy, its efficacy in the treatment of hemiplegia resulting from acute ischemic stroke remains disputed. Methods/Design: This is a randomized parallel-controlled single-blind trial. It will be performed at the Department of Neurology, Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, China. Seventy-two patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke with paralysis will be randomly assigned to undergo 14 days of either conventional drug treatment (control group) or conventional drug treatment combined with scalp acupuncture that uses the twirling-needle method (once a day, 6 consecutive days followed by 1 day off per week). The primary outcome is the difference in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores between just after the stroke and 14 days after treatment. Secondary outcomes include motor recovery (assessed by the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale) and activities of daily living (assessed by the Barthel index). Discussion: Objectively evaluating the efficacy of twirling-needle scalp acupuncture in the treatment of hemiplegia after acute ischemic stroke will provide evidence for assessing whether this method can improve motor recovery from hemiplegia resulting from acute ischemic stroke. Trial registration: This trial has been registered on 11 March 2016 in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR-IOR-16008083). Ethics: This trial has been approved by Ethics Committee, Second Hospital, Lanzhou University of China (approval number: 2016A-003) and will be performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. Informed consent: Written informed consent will be obtained from the patients and their relatives.
The effectiveness of hazing African lions as a conflict mitigation tool: implications for carnivore management

Human – carnivore con ﬂ ict (HCC) represents one of the greatest threats to rural livelihoods and the persistence of large carnivores. The application of aversive conditioning, the association of unpleasant stimuli with the occurrence of unwanted behaviors, to mitigate HCC has achieved mixed results within and across species, making a better understanding of the factors driving intervention success critical to inform management practices. We explored the degree to which the chasing of African lions ( Panthera leo ) out of no tolerance zones conditions lion behavior to reduce their rate of return into community lands or rate of repeated livestock killing, providing evidence-based understanding of program outcomes. We used data from 15 global positioning system (GPS)-collared lions adjacent to Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, with each lion receiving 0 – 17 conditioning treatments, and analyzed the data using recurrent event survival analysis and logistic regression. Chases were most successful (i.e., lion pushed out of the no tolerance zone by sunrise of the following day) in the dry season (i.e., when wild prey were more predictable), in areas closer to the park, and for individuals from smaller and more stable prides (i.e., had not lost a pride male within six months). Adult females and subadult males were more likely than adult males to reenter community lands, and subadult males were most likely to repeatedly depredate livestock. While livestock depredation has decreased since program initiation, the individuals in this study were overall not less likely to enter community lands or depredate livestock in response to chases when chases were considered isolated events. Rather, it was the consistency of deterrence events that proved most important in reducing livestock depredations, likely because of a stronger reinforcement between the undesired behavior and the negative stimulus. However, lions that had previously habitually killed livestock had greater depredation rates even after several conditioning treatments. Aversive conditioning holds promise in the management of carnivores that depredate livestock, but intervention must be consistent, ideally early in the development of problem behaviors, to maximize intervention effectiveness. Meth-ods that separate wildlife from people (i.e., fencing, livestock enclosure forti ﬁ cation), in combination with aversive conditioning, may be needed to provide a sustainable, long-term solution.
Understanding in vitro microtubule degradation

Understanding in vitro microtubule degradation Neda M. Bassir Kazeruni In this Ph.D. project, we aim to understand degradation of nanomachines by studying the mechanisms that lead to the in vitro degradation of molecular shuttles, which are nanoscale active systems composed of kinesin motor proteins and cytoskeletal filaments called microtubules. In addition, we aimed to improve learning outcomes by designing a hybrid college-level engineering course combining case-based and lecture-based teaching. The creation of complex active nanosystems integrating cytoskeletal filaments propelled by surface-adhered motor proteins often relies on microtubules’ ability to glide for up to meterlong distances. Even though theoretical considerations support this ability, we show that microtubule detachment (either spontaneous or triggered by a microtubule crossing event) is a non-negligible phenomenon that has been overlooked until now. Furthermore, we show that under our conditions (100, 500, 1000 motors per μm2 and 0.01 or 1 mM ATP), the average gliding distance before spontaneous detachment ranges from 0.3 mm to 8 mm and depends on the gliding velocity of the microtubules, the density of the kinesin motors on the glass surface, and time. Wear, defined as the gradual removal of small amounts of material from moving parts of a machine, as well as breakage, defined as the rupture of a material, are two major causes of machine failure at the macroscale.1 Since these mechanisms have molecular origins, we expect them to occur at the nanoscale as well.2 Here, we show that microtubules propelled by surface-adhered kinesin motors are subject to wear3 and breakage just like macroscale machines. Furthermore, the combined effect of wear, breakage and microtubule detachment from the surface of the flow cell permit to predict how molecular shuttles degrade in vitro. Taking a step back and looking at science in a broader sense, we can say that science does not only consist of acquiring knowledge, but also relies on one’s ability to transmit his/her knowledge. In this regard, one of the biggest challenges in education is to be efficient, that is to say to design a teaching method that would both maximize the student’s retention of information4,5 and prepare them to apply their knowledge to real-life situations. We considered this challenge as an integral part of this Ph.D. project, and we tackled it by designing a novel type of engineering course in which the students’ involvement in the learning process plays a central role. To do so, we combined, in a single engineering course, both of the approaches to learning that are used in Engineering education and in Business schools. The final chapter of this manuscript summarizes the findings of the two projects presented here and discusses the future research that can be conducted on the basis of this thesis.
Ethnic Conflict and the Limits of Nonviolent Resistance

Abstract Recent research shows that campaigns of nonviolent resistance are much more successful in producing radical political change than armed rebellion. I argue that the study of nonviolent resistance has paid insufficient attention to a key condition for success—a shared ethnic identity between challengers and government. When challengers and incumbent belong to different ethnic groups, the prospects of campaign success are drastically curtailed, as this situation of “ethnic conflict” inhibits the mechanisms through which nonviolent resistance enables success: emergence of a critical mass of challengers, defection of segments of the security apparatus and the regime inner circle, and development of feelings of sympathy for the opposition cause among key government decision makers. Statistical analysis of all nonviolent campaigns from 1945 to 2006 supports my argument. Nonviolent ethnic campaigns are significantly and substantially less likely to succeed and draw both fewer participants and government defectors than their nonethnic counterparts.
Building executive function in pre-school children through play: a curriculum

ABSTRACT Executive function (EF) is a term that defines a group of cognitive abilities fundamental to goal-directed behaviour. EF is a strong predictor of both academic and life success. Therefore, it is important to develop EFs in the early years of life. We created a curriculum of games (BBF) for preschool children that focused on improving EFs. The purpose of the study was to assess the curriculum's impact. We asked the parents of 86 children to respond to three surveys. The majority (72) of these children participated in the BBF curriculum, while 14 were in a control group. These surveys were given twice; pre- and post-curriculum implementation. We found significant improvements in various behaviours measured by the three questionnaires in the BBF group that did not occur in the control group. This suggests that the BBF curriculum can be implemented as a programme to improve cognitive abilities in children.
Maternal obesity and intrapartum obstetric complications among pregnant women: Retrospective cohort analysis from medical birth registry in Northern Tanzania

In the last decade, Tanzania has observed a dramatic increase in overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age, a demographic shift that has been associated with intrapartum obstetric complications in high‐income countries. Similar increases in maternal morbidity including postpartum haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and rates of caesarean delivery have not yet documented in Tanzania. This analysis describes intrapartum obstetric complications associated with maternal obesity among pregnant women delivering at teaching hospital in Northern Tanzania.
Sastra dan Konflik Sosial Pasca Arab Spring Pemerintahan Bashar Assad Dalam Novel Amal fī Sūriā

Berbicara mengenai sastra tentu tiada lepas dari pengarang dan masyarakat. Pengarang sebagai subjek karya sastra sedangkan masyarakat sebagai objeknya kemudian berkat seorang pengarang maka terciptalah sebuah karya sastra. Dalam kehidupan masyarakat tentu tiada bisa terlepas dari perseteruan ataupun konflik baik itubersifat konflik antar pribadi atau perorangan maupun antar kelompok dan golongan. Seringkali seorang pengarang atau sastrawan mengangkat mengenai peristiwasejarah yang bersifat fakta lalu dituangkannya ke dalam karya sastranya dalam hal ini adalah novel.Namun terlepas dari semua itu tidak bisa juga dikatakan bahwa semua karya sastra bersifat realita.Sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam novel Amal fī Sūriā karya seorang sastrawan perempuan asal Aleppo, Suriah yang bernama Dina Nasrini.Di dalam novel tersebut banyak sekali menceritakan mengenai konflik sosial ataupun peperangan yang terjadi di Suriah pada tahun 2011 lalu.Konflik tersebut bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor baik itu ekonomi, politik,keagamaan dan sebagainya. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan objektif dengan memberikan perhatian utama pada unsur-unsur yang terdapat di dalam teks cerita yang menjadi objek material dalam penelitian ini. Selain daripada itu, peneliti juga menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis yaitu dengan cara mendeskripsikan fakta-fakta yang kemudian di susul dengan analisis. [1] Langkah yang akan ditempuh peneliti adalah membaca dan menghayati dengan seksama teks yang akan diteliti untuk mengungkapkan teks aspek social yang terjadi dalam novel tersebut.Ada dua teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini.Pertama, teori sastra Rene Wellek, sastra sebagai cerminan kenyataan. Sosiologi sastra sangat erat hubungannya dengan kehidupan masyarakat. Syawqi Dayf pun mengungkapkan bahwa tidak ada sastra tanpa adanya emanasi masyarakatلا يوجد ادب بدون المجتمع ينبطق عنه . [2] Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa novel Amal fī Sūriā sarat sekali menggambarkan mengenai konflik sosial Suriah yang terjadi pada masa pemerintaha Bashar Assad di Suriah hal itu sangat terlihat dalam teks yang banyak sekali menggambarkan mengenai kekejaman-kekejaman yang dilakukan oleh Bashar Assad terhadap rakyat Suriah. Perbedaan dalam aspek ideologi, politik menjadi faktor utama yang menyebabkan konflik semakin meluas bahkan berujung pada peperangan sipil di Suriah. Melalui novel ini, pengarang telah memberikan gambaran bahwa rezim Assad merupakan salah satu contoh dari rezim yang otoriter, tiran dan juga diktator terhadap rakyatnya sendiri. Dan novel ini dapat menjadi cerminan mengenai peristiwa pada masanya yaitu masa pemerintahan Bashar Assad. Kata Kunci : Sastra, Konflik Sosial, Arab Spring, Sosiologi Sastra.
How Does Bank Competition Affect Systemic Banking Crises?

Literature present conflicting views on the effect of bank competition on financial stability. Some argue that competition increases adverse shocks in the financial system while others argue that it reduces the likelihood of such events. The purpose of this study is to further examine this relationship using a more recent systemic banking crises database of Laeven and Valencia (2018). There are 61 countries which had experienced systemic crises during 1996-2017. This study used Lerner index and Boone indicator as proxy measures of competition and three estimation techniques to estimate the relationship. The results indicate that the effect of competition on financial stability varies with estimation techniques and proxy measures of competition and stability. Lerner index indicates that competition increases financial instability while Boone indicator shows the opposite. Thus, this study concludes with mixed evidence on the relationship between bank competition and financial stability.