Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of Bipolar Disorder With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Population-Based Historical Cohort Study

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to assess the association of bipolar disorder (BD) with risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) after adjusting for established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods We conducted a population-based historical cohort study using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Patients older than 30 years with a clinical encounter from 1998 to 2000 with no prior MACE, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure were followed up through March 1, 2016. BD diagnosis was validated by chart review. Cox proportional hazards regression models were adjusted for established CVD risk factors, alcohol use disorder, other substance use disorders (SUDs), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Results The cohort included 288 individuals with BD (0.81%) and 35,326 individuals without BD as the reference group (Ref). Median (interquartile range) follow-up was 16.5 (14.6–17.5) years. A total of 5636 MACE events occurred (BD, 59; Ref, 5577). Survival analysis showed an association between BD and MACE (median event-free-survival rates: BD, 0.80; Ref, 0.86; log-rank p = .018). Multivariate regression adjusting for age and sex also yielded an association between BD and MACE (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43–2.52; p < .001). The association remained significant after further adjusting for smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index (HR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.17–2.28; p = .006), and for alcohol use disorder, SUD, and MDD (HR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.09–2.14; p = .010). Conclusions In this study, BD was associated with an increased risk of MACE, which persisted after adjusting for established CVD risk factors, SUDs, and MDD. These results suggest that BD is an independent risk factor for major clinical cardiac disease outcomes.
Interventions for addressing trauma among people with HIV: a narrative review

ABSTRACT Traumatic experiences are disproportionately prevalent among people with HIV and adversely affect HIV-related health outcomes. As part of a national cooperative agreement funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration’s HIV/AIDS Bureau, we searched the literature for interventions designed to address trauma among people with HIV in the U.S. Our search yielded 22 articles on 14 studies that fell into five intervention categories: expressive writing, prolonged exposure therapy, coping skills, cognitive–behavioral approaches integrated with other methods, and trauma-informed care. Thematic elements among the interventions included adaptating existing interventions for subpopulations with a high burden of trauma and HIV, such as transgender women and racial/ethnic minorities; addressing comorbid substance use disorders; and implementing organization-wide trauma-informed care approaches. Few studies measured the effect of the interventions on HIV-related health outcomes. To address the intersecting epidemics of HIV and trauma, it is critical to continue developing, piloting, and evaluating trauma interventions for people with HIV, with the goal of wide-scale replication of effective interventions in HIV settings.
Demographic and Clinical Outcomes of Brazilian Patients With Stage III or IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Real-World Evidence Study on the Basis of Deterministic Linkage Approach

PURPOSE Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and accounts for 80%-90% of the cases. In Brazil, between 2018 and 2019, lung cancer was ranked as the second most frequent cancer among men and the fourth among women. The primary objectives were to describe the journey and survival rates of patients with advanced NSCLC treated in the Brazilian private health care system (HCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was based on the search in administrative databases to analyze the Brazilian private HCS. Patients with advanced NSCLC diagnosed between 2011 and 2016 were included. The data on demographics, cancer-related information, treatment-related information, and resources used were collected. Survival analyses were performed using the semiparametric Kaplan-Meier method to assess mortality by NSCLC stage, with NSCLC diagnosis as the index date. RESULTS A total of 5,016 patients were included. Most patients were between 60 and 69 years old (33.6%) and had completed elementary school (52.2%). There was a greater proportion of men (58.1% v 41.9%), and the majority of patients had stage IV NSCLC (67%). It took an average of 31 days, from the first consultation, to have diagnosis. In 44% of the cases, a clinical oncologist was the first specialist in the HCS that the patient was referred to. After the diagnosis, the median time to start of treatment was 35 days. Chemotherapy alone was the most common treatment regimen (32%). The median overall survival was 11.5 months and 6 months for stage II and IV NSCLC, respectively. CONCLUSION This study provides contemporary data on stage III and IV NSCLC in private health care in Brazil, which has shown a high rate of metastatic disease diagnoses, high health care–related costs, and low survival rates.
The broad pathogenetic role of TCF7L2 in human diseases beyond type 2 diabetes

The TCF7L2 protein is a key transcriptional effector of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, regulating gene expression. It was initially identified in cancer research and embryologic developmental studies. Later, the TCF7L2 gene was linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D), implicating TCF7L2 and Wnt‐signaling in metabolic disorders and homeostasis. In fact, TCF7L2‐T2D variants confer the greatest relative risk for T2D, unquestionably predicting conversion to T2D in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. We aim to describe the relevance of TCF7L2 in other human disorders. The TCF7L2‐single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and T2D‐risk association have been replicated in numerous follow‐up studies, and research has now been performed in several other diseases. In this article, we discuss common TCF7L2‐T2D variants within the framework of their association with human diseases. The TCF7L2 functional regions need to be further investigated because the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which TCF7L2 contributes to risk associations with different diseases are still not fully elucidated. In this review, we show the association of common TCF7L2‐T2D variants with many types of diseases. However, the role of rare genetic variations in the TCF7L2 gene in distinct diseases and ethnic groups has not been explored, and understanding their impact on specific phenotypes will be of clinical relevance. This offers an excellent opportunity to gain a clearer picture of the role that the TCF7L2 gene plays in the pathophysiology of human diseases. The potential pleiotropic role of TCF7L2 may underlie a possible pathway for comorbidity in human disorders.
Draxin inhibits chick trunk neural crest delamination and migration by increasing cell adhesion

The neural crest is a multipotent cell population that migrates extensively to play important roles during embryonic development. After acquiring motility, trunk neural crest cells delaminate from the spinal cord and migrate to various regions of the body. Several cellular adhesion molecules, such as vinculin, are involved in the regulation of neural crest delamination and migration. In the present study, we found that draxin could inhibit delamination and migration of neural crest cells from the chick spinal cord and abnormal aggregation of the migrating neural crest cells. In the presence of draxin, the resuspended neural crest regained its adhesive ability such that it was significantly increased. Overexpression of draxin caused increased vinculin expression in vivo. Our data indicate that draxin might control delamination and migration of chick trunk neural crest by increasing cell adhesion.
A mini-review of three-dimensional network topological structure nanocomposites: Preparation and mechanical properties

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) network topological structure composite (3D-NTSC) is a new type of composite in which both the matrix phase and the reinforced phase have 3D continuous network structure and interweave with each other. Different from fiber reinforcement and particle reinforcement, the reinforcing phase in the composite material runs through the whole matrix phase in a continuous form without destroying the topological continuity of the matrix phase, so that each matrix phase in the composite material can not only maintain its own excellent performance, but also can cooperate with each other and complement each other, so that the composite material can play a greater performance advantage. In recent years, 3D-NTSC has attracted the attention of researchers and has been widely used in practical production. At present, there are no comprehensive articles summarizing the research progress of this kind of materials. In this review, we discussed the recent progress of the preparation methods, including natural flow method, vacuum infiltration process, pressure filling method, in situ filling method, and co-building method. Furthermore, research progress on mechanical properties and some regular results, shortcomings, challenges, and prospects of 3D-NTSC were also put forward, which would be helpful to people working in the related fields.
Who generated the loopholes? A case study of corporate tax advisors’ regulatory capture over anti-tax avoidance legislation in Finland

Abstract Recently welfare economists and international political economy scholars have increasingly discussed how the corporations seek profits by corroding policies that tackle tax avoidance and undermine public interest. This article contributes to these discussions on so-called regulatory captures in the global wealth chains by providing a comprehensive case study on anti-tax avoidance legislative processes in Finland. The author analyzes the statements that various stakeholders provided during several phases of enacting the interest deduction limitation rule that targets so-called thin capitalization arrangements. Because of this specific research material, the author is able to undertake a nuanced analysis in describing how and whose statements made the difference from the draft version of legislation to the final wording of the law. The evidence suggests corporate interest groups and tax advisory firms influenced the content of the rule as notable tax base eroding loopholes have been included in the Finnish anti-tax avoidance rule. The author also assesses remedies of regulatory captures.
Markups and Concentration in the Context of Digitization: Evidence from German Manufacturing Industries

Abstract Recent empirical studies suggest that there is a rising trend of market power across sectors in advanced economies. We contribute to this line of research by providing industry-specific evidence for German manufacturing industries, based on representative high-quality firm-level data from official statistics that cover firms from all size classes with more than 20 employees (2005–2013). We compare firm-specific markups and industry concentration as market power indicators that reflect a market structure and a performance perspective, respectively. Our results do not suggest an overall average increase in market power in German manufacturing, but increasing markups and an increasing concentration in many industries. We demonstrate the complementarity of the indicators, as predicted by industrial organization theory. We also evaluate the competitive impact of digitization and find no clear evidence that digital transformation and market power go hand in hand.
College and the “Culture War”: Assessing Higher Education’s Influence on Moral Attitudes

Moral differences contribute to social and political conflicts. Against this backdrop, colleges and universities have been criticized for promoting liberal moral attitudes. However, direct evidence for these claims is sparse, and suggestive evidence from studies of political attitudes is inconclusive. Using four waves of data from the National Study of Youth and Religion, we examine the effects of higher education on attitudes related to three dimensions of morality that have been identified as central to conflict: moral relativism, concern for others, and concern for social order. Our results indicate that higher education liberalizes moral concerns for most students, but it also departs from the standard liberal profile by promoting moral absolutism rather than relativism. These effects are strongest for individuals majoring in the humanities, arts, or social sciences, and for students pursuing graduate studies. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our results for work on political conflict and moral socialization.
Evidence-Based Recommendations for Nurse Monitoring and Management of Immunotherapy-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Systematic Review from the Children’s Oncology Group

Children with B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and B-cell lymphoma, particularly those with relapsed or refractory disease, are increasingly enrolled on phase II and phase III clinical trials studying immunotherapies. These therapeutic agents may be associated with a high risk of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and nurses lack standardized guidelines for monitoring and managing patients with CRS. Six studies and one clinical practice guideline were included in this systematic review that examined the evidence of CRS following administration of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy or the bi-specific T-cell engager antibody, blinatumomab. Six nursing practice recommendations (five strong, one weak) were developed based on low or very low-quality evidence: three reflect preinfusion monitoring, one focuses on monitoring during and postinfusion, and three pertain to the nurse's role in CRS management.
Categorical Distinctions and Claims-Making: Opportunity, Agency, and Returns from Wage Negotiations

In this article, we examine wage negotiations as a specific instance of claims-making, predicting that the capacity to make a claim is first a function of the position, rather than the person, and that lower-status actors—women, migrants, fixed-term, part-time, and unskilled workers—are all more likely to be in positions where negotiation is not possible. At the same time, subordinate-status actors may be less likely to make claims even where negotiation is possible, and when they do make wage claims they may receive lower or no returns to negotiation. Analyses of wage negotiations by more than 2,400 German employees largely confirm these theoretical expectations, although the patterns of opportunity, agency, and economic returns vary by categorical status. All low-status actors are more likely to be in jobs where negotiation is not possible. Women, people in lower-class jobs, and people with temporary contracts are less likely to negotiate even when given the opportunity. Regarding returns, agency in wage claims does not seem to improve the wages of women, migrants, or working-class individuals. The advice to “lean-in” will not substantially lower wage inequalities for everyone, although men who lean in do benefit relative to men who do not.
A hybrid fault-tolerant control strategy for four-wheel independent drive vehicles

In this paper, a hybrid fault-tolerant control strategy is putted forward to improve the stability of the four-wheel independent drive (4WID) electric vehicle with motor failures. To improve the handling performance of the vehicle with in-wheel motor failures, the faults of in-wheel motors are analyzed and modeled. Then, a model reference adaptive fault observer was designed to observe the faults in real-time. Based on the observation results, there are designed a model predictive control (MPC) based high-performance active fault-tolerant control (AFTC) strategy and a sliding mode control based high-robust passive fault-tolerant control (PFTC) strategy. However, the fault observation results may not always be accurately. For this circumstance, a hybrid fault-tolerant control strategy was designed to make the control method find a balance between optimality and robustness. Finally, a series of simulations are conducted on a hardware-in-loop (HIL) real-time simulator, the simulation results show that the control strategy designed in this paper is effectiveness.
Heavy decline of the largest European Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus colony: interacting effects of food shortage and predation

ABSTRACT Capsule The number of breeding pairs of Europe’s largest Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus colony at Slettnes, Norway, showed a dramatic decline of at least 50% over two decades, with food shortage in four years and increasing predation by Red Fox Vulpes vulpes leading to total breeding failure in five out of six recent study years. Aims To document the decline of Europe’s largest Arctic Skua colony and quantify bottom-up and top-down effects on reproduction. Methods We compared nest counts between 1997–1998 and 2014–2019 and collected data on egg size, clutch size and nest success for all years, and adult body mass, nest attendance, at-sea activity, aggressive nest defence, Red Fox Vulpes vulpes encounters, daily nest survival and adult survival for 2014–2019. We deployed nest cameras to identify predators in 2018–2019. In addition, we developed a demographic model to estimate the fecundity required for a stable population. Results A higher proportion of time spent at sea, small eggs, low adult female body mass and indirect assessment of foraging fish availability suggested food shortages in four of six recent study years. At the same time, nest predation by Red Foxes, the likely predator involved, increased during the six-year study. The combined effects of food shortage and nest predation led to total breeding failures in 2017–2019. Conclusion We provide evidence of both bottom-up (food shortage) and top-down (predation) effects on reproductive investment and hatching success in this colony. The reproductive output in recent years is far too low to sustain a stable population. The severe decline of the Arctic Skua colony at Slettnes fits reported trends for this species across most of its European breeding range, as well as for its important host species, the Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea and the Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla.
Negotiating Contemporary Indigeneity: Cultural Aesthetic and Communicative Practices among Contemporary! Xun and Khwe San Youth of Platfontein, South Africa

The San or Bushmen of South Africa have been represented in popular literature and media as hunter-gatherer primitives who live nomadic lives and whose history predates that of all later immigrants to the country. While the ubiquitous representation and myth provide incentives in the form of cultural/ecotourism and engenders much international interest, it has rarely translated into any form of sustainable socioeconomic benefit for the impoverished Bushmen. Rather, it obfuscates accounts of modern acculturation, hinders the process of self-determination and contributes to a systemic socio-political and economic exclusion, repression, and marginalisation of contemporary San in South Africa. The San youth who seem to have suffered the most as a result of this essentialised representation are appropriating modern popular cultures (such as hip-hop) to project self-identity, counter-narratives, and position themselves as a modernised people. Using ethnographic methods of participant observation and informal interviews from 2014 to 2018, this article examines the complex, multi-layered composition of contemporary! Xun and Khwe San identity, which places the youth at the nexus of competing expectations thrown up by imperatives of social change, global influence, dominant social paradigms, poverty, joblessness, and indigeneity. The analysis of their identities in the late-modern South Africa, provokes the question whether contemporary Indigenous people are “indigenizing modernity or modernizing indigeneity. ”
The time of singing by male Capercaillies Tetrao urogallus at leks

ABSTRACT Counts at 16 Capercaillie leks revealed that singing started two hours before sunrise and reached a peak in the number that sang about one hour before sunrise. Most song had finished by sunrise, but some extended up to five hours after sunrise. The period of song was longer at leks where more males were seen and/or heard. Such field observations may be useful in interpreting data from unattended acoustic recorders.
Localized habitat affects size and materials used in the construction of Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus nests

ABSTRACT Capsule Nest construction by Common Redstarts Phoenicurus phoenicurus is affected by localized habitat. Aims This study investigated whether variation in nest construction observed over a wide geographical region would also be observed if birds were nesting in three different habitats in one local area. Methods Thirty-four nests were collected and deconstructed to quantify the composition of the cup lining and the outer nest. Results The composition of Common Redstart nests was dominated by moss, grass, leaves and feathers. Bark and woody twigs were used more in smaller quantities in the outer nest, and hair and wool were used more in the cup lining and were significantly affected by habitat. Hair and wool were not used in all nests but were more associated with one habitat adjacent to pastures. The use of leaves reflected the proportion of the particular tree species in the habitat. Conclusion Common Redstarts appear to have general preferences for certain types of nesting material but will readily use a range of different types of this material according to localized availability.
The effect of vegetation structure on seasonal density of Sylvia warblers in the eastern Iberian Peninsula

ABSTRACT Capsule Vegetation characteristics determine seasonal habitat selection by Eurasian Blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla, Dartford Warblers Sylvia undata, and Sardinian Warblers Sylvia melanocephala, and changes in these characteristics affect the structure of bird communities. Aims To evaluate the effect of vegetation structure on the seasonal density of Sylvia warblers in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Methods During spring 2015 and winter 2015/16, we carried out linear transects in natural and agricultural habitats to quantify the presence of three warbler species: Eurasian Blackcap, Dartford Warbler, and Sardinian Warbler. In addition, we recorded the height, cover, and richness of the vegetation in each transect. We analysed the data using canonical correspondence analysis and general linear models. Results The densities of Eurasian Blackcaps and Dartford Warblers varied seasonally. Agricultural land had a significant effect on bird density: positive for the Eurasian Blackcap and negative for the Dartford Warbler. Furthermore, vegetation variables influenced the distribution of the warbler species in different ways. Conclusion Our results suggest that the segregation of the different warbler species across microhabitats can explain their coexistence. Additionally, in contrast to the Dartford Warbler, the Sardinian Warbler showed flexible habitat selection and varied its habitat according to the available niche.