Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound for the diagnosis of bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy

Background & Aims : Abortions, ectopic pregnancy, and molar pregnancy are the common causes of bleeding during the first trimester. Current study evaluated the first trimester bleeding and prognosticate and predict the status of abnormal pregnancies using ultrasound scan. Materials & Methods : In this observational study, total 100 pregnants of aged from 22 to 34 years with first-trimester vaginal bleeding were examined by Ultrasonography. Demographics, obsestric history such as age, parity, gravidity bleeding severity, ultrasonography results, and clinical diagnosis referred in categorical data and analysed using Chi-square analysis. Statistical analyses were done by SPSS ver. 24. Results : Spotting in 40%, light in 28%, and heavy in 32% of the pregnants in heaviness of bleeding. 73% of pregnant reported spontaneous bleeding. Threatened abortion clinically diagnosed in 52 cases; Ultrasonography confirmed 24 pregnant as threatened abortions and aids in correctly diagnosing 8 cases that were missed on clinical examination. 24 pregnant women out of 36 threatened abortions were continued to term, with a 66 % success rate. Ultrasonography correctly diagnosed pregnant women who were threatened with abortion (n=36), incomplete abortion (n=20), missed abortion (n=8), ectopic (n=8), inevitable abortion (n=8), blighted ovum (n=4), and Hydatidiform mole (n=4). 96 out of 100 pregnants were correctly diagnosed by Ultrasound when compared to 72 out of 100 cases on the basis of clinical diagnosis with a disparity of 64%. On follow-up, six cases of threatened abortion were terminated. Conclusion : Ultrasonography plays an important role in the etiological diagnosis of bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy; in most cases, a responsible abnormality of bleeding is easily identified. Using Ultrasonography, misdiagnosis at first trimester can be avoided.
Simulating the UV escape fractions from molecular cloud populations in star-forming dwarf and spiral galaxies

The escape of ultraviolet photons from the densest regions of the interstellar medium (ISM) --- Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) --- is a poorly constrained parameter which is vital to understanding the ionization of the ISM and the intergalactic medium. We characterize the escape fraction, f$_{\text{esc,GMC}}$, from a suite of individual GMC simulations with masses in the range 10$^{4-6}$ M$_{\odot}$ using the adaptive-mesh refinement code FLASH. We find significantly different f$_{\text{esc,GMC}}$ depending on the GMC mass which can reach $>$90% in the evolution of 5$\times$10$^4$ and 10$^{5}$ M$_{\odot}$ clouds or remain low at $\sim$5% for most of the lifetime of more massive GMCs. All clouds show fluctuations over short, sub-Myr timescales produced by flickering HII regions. We combine our results to calculate the total escape fraction (f$_{\text{esc,tot}}$) from GMC populations in dwarf starburst and spiral galaxies by randomly drawing clouds from a GMC mass distribution (dN/dM$\propto$M$^{\alpha}$, where $\alpha$ is either -1.5 or -2.5) over fixed time intervals. We find typical f$_{\text{esc,tot}}$ values of 8% for both the dwarf and spiral models. The fluctuations of f$_{\text{esc,tot}}$, however, are much larger for the dwarf models with values as high as 90%. The photons escaping from the 5$\times$10$^4$ and 10$^{5}$ M$_{\odot}$ GMCs are the dominant contributors to f$_{\text{esc,tot}}$ in all cases. We also show that the accompanying star formation rates (SFRs) of our model ($\sim$2$\times$10$^{-2}$ and 0.73 M$_{\odot}$yr$^{-1}$) are consistent with observations of SFRs in dwarf starburst and spiral galaxies, respectively.
Is there a left-handed magnetic field in the solar neighborhood?

Context. The analysis of the full-sky Planck polarization data at 850 μm revealed unexpected properties of the E- and B-mode power spectra of dust emission in the interstellar medium (ISM). The positive cross-correlations over a wide range of angular scales between the total dust intensity, T, and both E and (most of all) B modes has raised new questions about the physical mechanisms that affect dust polarization, such as the Galactic magnetic field structure. This is key both to better understanding ISM dynamics and to accurately describing Galactic foregrounds to the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In particular, in the quest to find primordial B modes of the CMB, the observed positive cross-correlation between T and B for interstellar dust requires further investigation towards parity-violating processes in the ISM. Aims. In this theoretical paper we investigate the possibility that the observed cross-correlations in the dust polarization power spectra, and specifically the one between T and B, can be related to a parity-odd quantity in the ISM such as the magnetic helicity. Methods. We produce synthetic dust polarization data, derived from 3D analytical toy models of density structures and helical magnetic fields, to compare with the E and B modes of observations. We present several models. The first is an ideal fully helical isotropic case, such as the Arnold-Beltrami-Childress field. Second, following the nowadays favored interpretation of the T–E signal in terms of the observed alignment between the magnetic field morphology and the filamentary density structure of the diffuse ISM, we design models for helical magnetic fields wrapped around cylindrical interstellar filaments. Lastly, focusing on the observed T–B correlation, we propose a new line of interpretation of the Planck observations advocating the presence of a large-scale helical component of the Galactic magnetic field in the solar neighborhood. Results. Our analysis shows that: I) the sign of magnetic helicity does not affect E and B modes for isotropic magnetic-field configurations; II) helical magnetic fields threading interstellar filaments cannot reproduce the Planck results; and III) a weak helical left-handed magnetic field structure in the solar neighborhood may explain the T–B correlation seen in the Planck data. Such a magnetic-field configuration would also account for the observed large-scale T–E correlation. Conclusions. This work suggests a new perspective for the interpretation of the dust polarization power spectra that supports the imprint of a large-scale structure of the Galactic magnetic field in the solar neighborhood.
Building a Cosmological Hydrodynamic Code: Consistency Condition, Moving Mesh Gravity, and SLH-P 3M

Building a self-gravitating hydrodynamic code as a combination of a hydrodynamic solver and a gravity solver is discussed. We show that straightforward combining those two solvers generally leads to a code that does not conserve energy locally, and instead a special Consistency Condition ought to be satisfied. A particular example of combining Softened Lagrangian Hydrodynamics (SLH) with a P3M gravity solver is used to demonstrate the effect of the Consistency Condition for a self-gravitating hydrodynamic code. The need to supplement the SLH method with the P3M gravity solver arose because the Moving Mesh Gravity solver, used in conjunction with the SLH method previously, was found to produce inaccurated results. We also show that most existing cosmological hydrodynamic codes implicitly satisfy the Consistency Condition.
A review of perceptions, challenges and prospects of child adoption in nigeria

Child adoption in Nigeria is still an evolving process . The enactment of the Child's Right Act in Nigeria has legalized child adoption. The Objective of this study include to access the perception of child adoption in Nigeria; to determine the challenges of child adoption in Nigeria, and to investigate the prospects of child adoption in Nigeria. The method used was to explore secondary data, policy documents, existing studies and reviews from scholars, local and international organizations. Perception of child adoption slightly vary across the country, with most Nigerian having fair knowledge of the term “child adoption” which does not translate into its practice . It was also shown that infertility is the main factor that has influenced the rate of willingness and acceptability of child adoption in Nigeria. However, the ideology that biological ties are fundamental to family relations is associated with several stigmatizing beliefs about adoption, which may cause both the adoptee and the adoptive parents to feel socially marginalized and devalued. Just like other part of the world, child adoption in Nigeria is faced with several challenges ranging from stigmatization, unknown parental background, possible inherited or genetic diseases, psychological and religious beliefs, poverty, establishment of illegal adoption and orphanage homes, future claim by the biological parents, disloyalty or abandonment of adoptive parents the child when the child learns that he or she was adopted. The future prospects of child adoption lie in Nigerians taking seriously the principles and standards enunciated in the international adoption law of Nigeria that the best interest of children (which include their survival, development, protection and participation) should be the guiding principle in the whole adoption process. In conclusion , the perception, challenges and prospects of child adoption reviewed in this study shows child adoption in Nigeria is still evolving and requires the government, churches, other religious bodies, NGOs, individuals and the public at large to join hands in welcoming and implementing the right practices of child adoption, as well as ‘Child's Right Laws' .
Kefir and the Gut–Skin Axis

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a dynamic system influenced by various environmental factors, including diet and exposure to ingested probiotics, and prone to various functional impairments. These impairments are mostly related to any combination of motility alterations, visceral hypersensitivity, and changes in the mucosa, immune function, and intestinal microbiota. Intestinal microbial imbalance and immunological dysfunction have been linked to several chronic inflammatory disease states, including atopic dermatitis (AD). Disruption of the intestinal microbial balance, known as gut dysbiosis, has been demonstrated to negatively impact skin function by increasing the intestinal permeability. Consequently, the gut–skin axis may be receptive to modulation via dietary modification, namely, via ingestion of probiotics, thus representing interesting potential as an AD therapy. Kefir is an ancient probiotic food that has been demonstrated to positively impact the general condition of the digestive system, including the intestinal microbiota. However, the literature is still scarce on the impact on the gut–skin relationship of a diet containing kefir. This study, continuing research in our group, aimed to evaluate the impact of kefir intake on GI symptoms in healthy and AD skin subjects. Results showed a significant improvement in GI status, namely, in functional constipation, abdominal pain intensity, and abdominal distension, thus supporting the hypothesis that kefir intake is positively associated with improvement in GI status. The existence of a relationship between the improvement in skin parameters and the improvement in GI status after kefir consumption was established, thus reinforcing the role of homemade kefir as a potential modulator of the gut–skin axis in both healthy and atopic individuals.
Distinguished Functions of Microglia in the Two Stages of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy: A Novel Target in the Treatment of Ischemic Retinopathy

Microglia is the resident immune cell in the retina, playing the role of immune surveillance in a traditional concept. With the heated focus on the mechanisms of microglia in pathological conditions, more and more functions of microglia have been discovered. Although the regulating role of microglia has been explored in ischemic retinopathy, little is known about its mechanisms in the different stages of the pathological process. Here, we removed microglia in the oxygen-induced retinopathy model by PLX5622 and revealed that the removal of activated microglia reduced pathological angiogenesis in the early stage after ischemic insult and alleviated the over-apoptosis of photoreceptors in the vessel remodeling phase. Our results indicated that microglia might play distinguished functions in the angiogenic and remodeling stages, and that the inhibition of microglia might be a promising target in the future treatment of ischemic retinopathy.
Factors Affecting the Use of Private Outpatient Services among the Adult Population in Malaysia

The proportion of Malaysians of all ages who use private outpatient services has dropped over time, highlighting the overstretched condition of public outpatient facilities compared to their private counterparts. This paper aims to determine the prevalence of outpatient care, characteristics of outpatient care users by sector, and the factors affecting the utilisation of private outpatient services among the adult population of Malaysia using Andersen’s behavioural model. Data from the National Health Morbidity Survey 2019 (NHMS 2019), a nationwide survey, were analysed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association of predisposing (locality, age, sex, ethnicity, education level, and marital status), enabling (working status, health care coverage, and household income), and need factors (perceived and evaluated needs) with the use of private outpatient services. Variables with a statistical significance ≤ 0.25 in the univariate regression analysis were included in the final multivariable logistic regression analysis. A total of 11,674 respondents, estimated to represent 22.4 million adults aged 18 years and above in Malaysia, were included for analysis. Overall, 8.3% of the adult population of Malaysia used outpatient care and 33.9% used the private sector. Those living in urban areas (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.02, 3.18), non-Malays (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.93), those working (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.48, 4.10), those with employer coverage (OR = 4.73, 95% CI = 2.79, 8.01), and those with health problems (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.26, 4.05) were more likely to utilise private outpatient services. Those who self-rated their health status as fair (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.33, 0.91) and who had diabetes, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.31, 1.02) were less likely to utilise private outpatient services. The predisposing and enabling factors were associated with the use of private outpatient services, and the need factors were strong predictors of private outpatient care utilisation among adults. Understanding the factors associated with the utilisation of private outpatient services could aid in the development of effective initiatives designed to enhance outpatient care access among the population of Malaysia and balance the burden of outpatient care provision on the public and private sector.
Clients` Satisfaction and Barriers towards Childhood Immunization Service in Primary Health Care Facilities in Tanta, Egypt

Aims: To assess the clients` satisfaction towards childhood immunization service ‎among parents having children aged less than 2 year in primary health ‎care settings, and to highlight barriers affecting client satisfaction with immunization ‎services in primary health care facilities‎. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Three primary health care facilities in Tanta Egypt; Said Health Care Center, Elragdia Health Care Unit, and Mahalet Rouh Health Care Unit, between March 2021 and April 2022. Methodology: We included 400 clients coming to the primary health care facilities during the vaccination sessions of their children less than 2 years of age. Participants’ data were collected using a pre-designed interviewing validated questionnaire sheet through interview that assessed the sociodemographic data, knowledge, satisfaction, and barriers toward the childhood vaccination. Results: In this study, the majority (87.8%) were recruited from Said Health Care Center. The clients, ages ranged from 19 to 70 years, with the highest percentage in the age group of 20 – <40 (78.3%). The clients’ knowledge score ranged from 1 to 9, with a median of 7 denoting an overall good knowledge. The highest percentage of clients in Said Health Care Center dissatisfied (78.9%) while the highest portion of clients in Elragdia Health Care Unit and Mahalet Rouh Health Care Unit satisfied (75% and 60%, respectively). The relation to child, level of education, health care facility, followed by marital status, income, residence, child sex, total knowledge score, and child age were found to be statistically significant predictors for the satisfaction, with P values of 0.002, 0.004, <0.001, 0.006, <0.001, <0.001, 0.01, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively. Conclusion: An overall good knowledge as shown among caregivers attending for children vaccination. The least satisfaction rates were noted in the Urban Health Care Center. Clients’ knowledge beside some sociodemographic data significantly affected clients’ satisfaction.
Analysis of platelet parameters in patients with non-hematological disorders

Background & Aims : People with diabetes, exhibit increased platelet reactivity. Both insulin resistance and insulin deficiency increase platelet reactivity. Platelets play a vital role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). It has been shown that PC and MPV are independent predictors for poor outcome in primary intracerebral hemorrhage. The aim of the study is to analyze the platelet parameters in patients with some non-hematological disorders such as diabetes mellitus type 2, acute coronary syndrome, and acute ischemic stroke. Materials & Methods : Blood samples were collected from 400 subjects and analysed using the Sysmex KX-21 automated hematology analyser. 300 patients presenting with non-hematological disorders and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls were checked for Platelet indices such as PC, MPV, PDW and P-LCR. The platelet morphology was studied on peripheral blood smear for considering the arrangement, granularity and size of platelets. Results : In total non-hematological disorders, DM type 2 accounts 37.33% (n=112), followed by 35.67% of ACS (n=107), and 27% of AIS (n=81). In diabetes mellitus type 2, PC was statistically elevated along with MPV compared with healthy controls. MPV and PDW were significantly raised in the patients admitted with ACS. In acute ischemic stroke, we noted that there was an elevation in MPV and a decrease in PC compared to them in the control group. Study showed discrete arrangement of platelets in 90% of DM type 2, 88% of ACS, and 80% of AIS patients. PBS in various clinical conditions showed granularity of platelets in 84 % of DM type 2, 81% of ACS and 83% of AIS patients. Study showed increased percentage of macrothrombocytes as 60% of DM type 2, 56% of ACS and 52% of AIS patients. The percentage of large platelets on PBS was increased beyond normal limits in DM type 2, ACS and AIS cases, indicating that there is an increase in size of the platelets supporting an increase in MPV. Conclusion : The measurement of platelet indices may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information to emergency physicians caring for patients with ACS and AIS.
Benchmark results for flows in helical pipes

Benchmark results for steady flow in helical pipes and their stability are reported. The calculations are performed by the finite difference method. The problem is formulated in Germano coordinates in two equivalent but different forms of the momentum equation, so that results obtained using both formulations cross verify each other. Grid independence of the results is established and Richardson extrapolation is applied. The calculated steady flows agree well with experimental measurements and previous numerical results. The computed critical parameters corresponding to onset of oscillatory instability are also converged, but mostly disagree with known experimental and numerical data, showing necessity for more independent research.
From evolved stars to the evolution of IC 1613

IC 1613 is a Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy at a distance of 750 kpc. In this work, we present an analysis of the star formation history (SFH) of a field of $\sim200$ square arcmin in the central part of the galaxy. To this aim, we use a novel method based on the resolved population of more highly evolved stars. We identify 53 such stars, 8 of which are supergiants and the remainder are long period variables (LPV), large amplitude variables (LAV) or extreme Asymptotic Giant Branch (x-AGB) stars. Using stellar evolution models, we find the age and birth mass of these stars and thus reconstruct the SFH. The average rate of star formation during the last Gyr is $\sim3\times10^{-4}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-2}$. The absence of a dominant epoch of star formation over the past 5 Gyr, suggests that IC 1613 has evolved in isolation for that long, spared harrassment by other Local Group galaxies (in particular M 31 and the Milky Way). We confirm the radial age gradient, with star formation currently concentrated in the central regions of IC 1613, and the failure of recent star formation to have created the main HI supershell. Based on the current rate of star formation at $(5.5\pm2)\times10^{-3}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$, the interstellar gas mass of the galaxy of $9\times10^7$ M$_\odot$ and the gas production rate from AGB stars at $\sim6\times10^{-4}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$, we conclude that the star formation activity of IC 1613 can continue for $\sim18$ Gyr in a closed-box model, but is likely to cease much earlier than that unless gas can be accreted from outside.
Physiological reactions to and recovery from acute stressors: the roles of chronic anxiety and stable resources

BACKGROUND Research has shown that employees subjected to acute stressors at work can suffer devastating repercussions. However, little is known about how employees who are experiencing ongoing chronic anxiety or have stable resources respond to acute stressors, particularly regarding their physiological responses to these situations. This study examines the physiological effects of an acute stressor when workers are already under chronic anxiety (i.e., cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety) or when they have a stable resource (i.e., job control). PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE Data were collected from 230 full-time employees working at three major oil companies in Brazil. First, demographic, anxiety, and job control measures were collected via questionnaire. Later, muscle tension, skin temperature, and heart rate were collected during a simulated task to assess the physiological response to stress. Hypotheses were tested by repeated measures general linear modeling. RESULTS The findings indicated that when employees were exposed to an acute stressor, those with chronic cognitive and somatic anxiety exhibited more heightened physiological responses than those lower on chronic anxiety. Further, compared to those with low control, employees with stable, high control over their work experienced a lower physiological reaction to the acute stressor. CONCLUSIONS Chronic anxiety generates high levels of physiological arousal and hyper-responsiveness to acute environmental stressors. Also, employees possessing stable resources, such as job control, experience reduced physiological responsivity to an acute stressor.