Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcribed enhancer sequences are required for maize p1 paramutation

Abstract Paramutation is a transfer of heritable silencing states between interacting endogenous alleles or between endogenous alleles and homologous transgenes. Prior results demonstrated that paramutation occurs at the P1-rr (red pericarp and red cob) allele of the maize p1 (pericarp color 1) gene when exposed to a transgene containing a 1.2-kb enhancer fragment (P1.2) of P1-rr. The paramutable P1-rr allele undergoes transcriptional silencing resulting in a paramutant light-pigmented P1-rr′ state. To define more precisely the sequences required to elicit paramutation, the P1.2 fragment was further subdivided, and the fragments transformed into maize plants and crossed with P1-rr. Analysis of the progeny plants showed that the sequences required for paramutation are located within a ∼600-bp segment of P1.2 and that this segment overlaps with a previously identified enhancer that is present in 4 direct repeats in P1-rr. The paramutagenic segment is transcribed in both the expressed P1-rr and the silenced P1-rr′. Transcription is sensitive to α-amanitin, indicating that RNA polymerase II mediates most of the transcription of this sequence. Although transcription within the paramutagenic sequence was similar in all tested genotypes, small RNAs were more abundant in the silenced P1-rr′ epiallele relative to the expressed P1-rr allele. In agreement with prior results indicating the association of RNA-mediated DNA methylation in p1 paramutation, DNA blot analyses detected increased cytosine methylation of the paramutant P1-rr′ sequences homologous to the transgenic P1.2 subfragments. Together these results demonstrate that the P1-rr enhancer repeats mediate p1 paramutation.
Knowledge through social networks: Accuracy, error, and polarisation

This paper examines the fundamental problem of testimony. Much of what we believe to know we know in good part, or even entirely, through the testimony of others. The problem with testimony is that we often have very little on which to base estimates of the accuracy of our sources. Simulations with otherwise optimal agents examine the impact of this for the accuracy of our beliefs about the world. It is demonstrated both where social networks of information dissemination help and where they hinder. Most importantly, it is shown that both social networks and a common strategy for gauging the accuracy of our sources give rise to polarisation even for entirely accuracy motivated agents. Crucially these two factors interact, amplifying one another’s negative consequences, and this side effect of communication in a social network increases with network size. This suggests a new causal mechanism by which social media may have fostered the increase in polarisation currently observed in many parts of the world.
Bone Remodeling and Modeling: Cellular Targets for Antiresorptive and Anabolic Treatments, Including Approaches Through the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-Related Protein Pathway

Bone is continuously in a state of building and renewal, though the process of remodeling that takes place at many sites asynchronously throughout the skeleton, with bone formation and resorption equal at these sites (bone multicellular units). Remodeling takes place on bone surfaces, both on trabeculae and in the cortex, and serves the purposes of replacing old bone or that damaged by microfractures throughout the skeleton. The bone loss and consequent osteoporotic fractures that result from excess resorption over formation have mainly been prevented or treated by antiresorptive drugs that inhibit osteoclast formation and/or activity. Virtually all of the evidence leading to acceptance of antiresorptive drugs as treatment has depended upon their prevention of vertebral fractures. In recent decades, new prospects came of anabolic treatments that partly restore bone volume and microstructure restore bone that has been lost. The first of these was parathyroid hormone (PTH), shown by daily injection to increase markers of bone formation and prevent fractures. This field of interest enlarged with the discovery of PTH-related protein (PTHrP), so closely related in structure and action to PTH. The structural relationship between PTH and PTHrP is important in assessing their physiological and pharmacological roles, with the N-terminal domains of the 2 having virtually equal actions on target cells. Abaloparatide, a peptide analogue based on the structures of PTHrP and PTH, has been approved in some countries as a therapy for osteoporosis. Treatment through the PTH receptor activation pathway, and probably with any anabolic therapy, needs to be followed by antiresorptive treatment in order to maintain bone that has been restored. No matter how effective anabolic therapies for the skeleton become, it seems highly likely that there will be a continuing need for antiresorptive drugs.
Dialysis Adequacy (HD) Guidelines

(Suggestions are based on Level III and IV evidence) • Adequacy of dialysis should be assessed on all patients at least 3-monthly, as clinically based assessment has proven unreliable. • Adequate dialysis should always include careful blood pressure control and ECF volume management with regular re-evaluation of ideal dry weight, salt intake and a review of the ultrafiltration rate. • Adequacy of dialysis can be assessed in several ways. The most common acceptable methods are: formal ureakinetic Kt/V, URR, natural log Kt/V and the Daugirdas second generation formula. A renal unit should be consistent in the method it uses. (Opinion) • The minimum achieved spKt/V should be 1.2 (URR = 65%). To consistently achieve this in at least 80% of patients, it is recommended that the target spKt/V should be 1.4 (URR = 70%).
Effects of Dietary Bile Acids on Growth Performance, Lipid Deposition, and Intestinal Health of Rice Field Eel (Monopterus albus) Fed with High-Lipid Diets

The purpose of this trial was to study the positive effects of bile acids (BAs) on growth performance and intestinal health of rice field eel fed with high-lipid diets (HLDs). Rice field eels (initial weight 17.00 ± 0.10 g) were divided into four groups, each group containing four repetitions and feeding with different isonitrogenous diet: control diet containing 7% lipid content, HLDs containing the lipid content increased to 13%, HLDs supplementing with 0.025% BAs and 0.05% BAs, respectively. After 8 weeks, compared control group, the fish fed HLDs had no significant effect on weight gain rate and specific growth rate (P > 0.05), but increased the lipid deposition in tissues and intestinal lipase activity, and damaged to intestinal oxidative stress, inflammatory response, physical barrier, and structural integrity (P < 0.05). Dietary BAs significantly increased weight gain rate and specific growth rate in fish fed with HL diets (P < 0.05) and reduced feed conversation rate (P < 0.05). Further, the eels fed with BAs reduced the total lipid content in liver, muscle, and whole body (P < 0.05). Dietary BAs decreased the activity of intestinal lipase (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, BAs supplemented in HLDs improved intestinal antioxidant capacity through increasing the activities of T-SOD (total superoxide dismutase), GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase), CAT (catalase), T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity), whereas reducing MDA (malondialdehyde) content (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary BAs regulated the mRNA expression related to inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and physical barrier in intestine, such as tnf-α, il-8, tlr-8, il-10, nrf2, keap1, claudin12, and claudin15 (P < 0.05). Dietary BAs supplementation also enhanced the intestinal structural integrity characterized by increased fold height and lamina propria width (P < 0.05). This study showed that dietary BAs supplemented in HLDs (13% lipid) could increase the growth performance of rice field eel, reduce lipid deposition in tissues and whole body, and enhance intestinal health.
Interlaminar Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Versus Microscopic Lumbar Discectomy: A Preliminary Analysis of L5–S1 Lumbar Disc Herniation Outcomes in Prospective Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective A preliminary report from a single institution, noninferiority, prospective randomized controlled trial is conducted to determine the effectiveness of interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IELD) versus microscopic lumbar discectomy (MLD) for the treatment of L5–S1 lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods This prospective, noncrossover, randomized controlled trials was conducted at a single neurosurgical center. Patients with symptomatic radiculopathy or intermittent neurogenic claudication caused by LDH were enrolled from July 2016 to July 2021. The study compared the effectiveness of microscopic and full-endoscopic discectomy procedures. Outcome measures included visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index scores, radiologic measurements, endurance time of walking, and satisfaction rate. Results Of 37 assessed patients, both IELD and MLD groups demonstrated significant improvements in VAS scores for pain over time, with no significant difference between them. For secondary outcomes, the IELD group had a shorter hospital stay and reduced blood loss but a longer operation time than the MLD group. Radiographic evaluations showed no change compared to preoperative data. Patient satisfaction and recovery rates were slightly higher for the MLD group, but both groups were comparable in most evaluations, with complications being minimal. Conclusion The IELD was noninferior in improving the intensity of back and leg pain and functional disability, compared to the MLD. Additionally, the IELD showed no difference in clinical outcomes for patients in terms of radiographic results and patient satisfaction rates. The results of this research preliminarily demonstrate that the IELD could be considered an effective alternative to MLD for L5–S1 central or paracentral LDH.
Two Japanese Families with Pigmented Paravenous Retinochoroidal Atrophy and HK1 Mutation: A Case Report

Abstract Hexokinase 1 (HK1) gene is the cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP) 79. To date, only E874K mutation has been reported as the causative mutation in patients with nonsyndromic RP. As a Caucasian RP case with a pathological variant of HK1 exhibiting pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy (PPRCA) phenotype was recently reported, we reviewed RP79 cases in our Japanese RP cohort. Consequently, 2 Japanese patients, who were diagnosed with RP79 by genetic tests in our RP cohort, were included in this study. Patient 1 was a 60-year-old woman. Fundus examination revealed symmetrical donut-shaped retinal degeneration, with pigment deposition avoiding the macula. Moreover, degeneration extended in a peripheral direction along the vessels like a starfish, and degeneration was observed around the veins and arteries. Patient 2 was a 75-year-old man. Fundus examination revealed symmetric macula-avoiding donut-shaped retinal degeneration, with paravenous protruding degeneration along the blood vessels like in case 1. Both Japanese cases, which belonged to two separate families, had the same HK1 pathogenic mutation, with a phenotype of PPRCA. Furthermore, atrophy along retinal arteries was noted. Reviewing previous nonsyndromic RP79 cases revealed symptoms that are believed to be those of PPRCA. Ultra-widefield fundus imaging, especially ultra-widefield fundus autofluorescence, has been useful in detecting PPRCA. If these devices become widely available, more cases may be discovered in the future because PPRCA can be used as a clue to suspect RP79, and Sanger sequencing may be used to identify pathogenic mutations in HK1 at a lower cost and more easily than using whole-exome sequencing.
Pengaruh E-Service Quality Dan E-Trust Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Pengguna Moda Transportasi Grab di Tangerang Selatan

In this research used survey method, that is to explain influence between independent variable that is electronic service quality and electronic trust to dependent variable that is customer satisfaction and explain relation between variable. The population in this study is the consumer of Grab Car transport users in Bintaro, South Tangerang. The sampling technique uses accidental technique, ie random sampling of the sample that met on that day. Based. Technique of collecting data that is done is test of questioner, that is data collecting technique by asking some direct statement to sample. Processing techniques and data analysis include correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption test, hypothesis test and coefficient of determination analysis.The result of T test statistic shows that the quality of electronic service partially has significant effect on customer satisfaction. Electronic confidence partially significant effect on customer satisfaction, while statistical test F shows the quality of electronic services and electronic trust simultaneously significant effect on customer satisfaction. Abstrak ___________________________________________________________________ Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode survei, yaitu untuk menjelaskan pengaruh antara variabel bebas yaitu kualitas pelayanan elektronik dan kepercayaan elektronik terhadap variabel terikat yaitu kepuasan pelanggan dan menjelaskan hubungan antar variabel. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen pengguna moda transportasi Grab Car di wilayah Bintaro, Tangerang Selatan. Teknik pengambilan sampling menggunakan teknik aksidental, yaitu pengambilan sampel dengan secara acak terhadap sampel yang bertemu pada hari itu. Bedasarkan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah uji kuesioner, yaitu teknik pengumpulan data dengan mengajukan beberapa pernyataan langsung kepada sampel. Teknik pengolahan dan analisis data meliputi analisis korelasi, analisis regresi linier berganda, uji asumsi klasik, uji hipotesis dan analisis koefisien determinasi. Hasil uji statistik T menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan elektronik secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Kepercayaan elektronik secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, sedangkan uji statistik F menunjukkan kualitas pelayanan elektronik dan kepercayaan elektronik secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan.
Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone Can Circumvent Confounding Effects of Oral Contraceptives in the Short Synacthen Test.

CONTEXT Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is usually diagnosed by low plasma cortisol levels following a short Synacthen test (SST). Most plasma cortisol is bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin, which is increased by estrogen in combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives (COCs). Women with AI using COCs are therefore at risk of having an apparently normal plasma cortisol level during SST, which would not adequately reflect AI. OBJECTIVE To test whether salivary cortisol or cortisone during SST is more robust against the COC effect and to calculate the lower reference limits (LRLs) for these to be used as tentative diagnostic cutoffs to exclude AI. METHODS Forty-one healthy women on COCs and 46 healthy women without exogenous estrogens performed an SST with collection of plasma and salivary samples at 0, 30, and 60 min after Synacthen injection. The groups were compared using regression analysis with age as covariate and the LRLs were calculated parametrically. RESULTS SST-stimulated plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher in the COC group versus controls, while mean salivary cortisol and cortisone levels were slightly lower in the COC group. Importantly, COC use did not significantly alter LRLs for salivary cortisol or cortisone. The smallest LRL difference between groups was seen for salivary cortisone. CONCLUSION Salivary cortisol and especially salivary cortisone are considerably less affected by COC use than plasma cortisol during SST. Due to similar LRLs, a common cutoff for salivary cortisol and cortisone during SST can be used to exclude AI in premenopausal women irrespective of COC use.
Bone Mineral Density of Middle School Female Students with Three Level of Physical Activity in Rural Area

이 연구의 목적은 농촌지역 여중생의 골밀도와 신체활동량을 비교하는 것이다. 연구 대상자는 경상북도 달성군 D 중학교 여중생 65명이었으며, 이들을 일일 도보수에 따라 하루에 4,800 미만은 저활동군(Low PA), 4,800 - 6,300 미만은 중간활동군 (Moderate PA) 그리고 6,300 이상은 고활동군 (High PA)으로 분류하였다. 그룹 간 요추, 대퇴부, 전완에서의 골밀도는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 하지만, 높은 신체활동 집단에서는 우세손과 비우세손의 전완 골밀도 차이가 없었으나, 중간 및 낮은 신체활동 집단에서는 우세손과 비우세손의 전완 골밀도에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 신체활동이 적은 여자 청소년들이 우세손과 비우세손의 골밀도 차이가 나타난다는 것은 보고된 적이 없다. 비록 해부학적으로 전완의 경우 중력부하를 받는 뼈가 아닐지라도, 높은 신체활동은 비우세손의 골밀도까지 강화시킬 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 따라서 향후 비교적 큰 표본과 장기간 연구를 통해 낮은 강도의 신체활동 효과에 대해 더 연구할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.
Calcicolous species of the genus Caloplaca in the Polish Western Carpathians.

This monograph is based on a revision of material from national and foreign herbaria and on the author’s fi eld study. Thirty-nine taxa of Caloplaca Th. Fr. were recognized in the Polish Western Carpathians: C. albolutescens (Nyl.) H. Olivier, C. albopruinosa (Arnold) H. Olivier, C. arnoldii subsp. obliterata (Pers.) Gaya, C. arnoldiiconfusa Gaya & Nav. -Ros. , C. atroalba (Tuck.) Zahlbr. , C. aurea (Schaer.) Zahlbr. , C. biatorina (A. Massal.) J. Steiner, C. chalybaea (Fr.) Müll. Arg. , C. chrysodeta (Vain. ex Räsänen) Dombr. , C. cirrochroa (Ach.) Th. Fr. , C. citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. , C. coccinea (Müll. Arg.) Poelt, C. coronata (Kremp. ex Körb.) J. Steiner, C. crenulatella (Nyl.) H. Olivier, C. decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. & Forssell, C. dichroa Arup, C. dolomiticola (Hue) Zahlbr. , C. fl avescens (Huds.) J. R. Laundon, C. fl avocitrina (Nyl.) H. Olivier, C. fl avovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. , C. holocarpa (Ach.) A. E. Wade, C. keissleri (Servít) Poelt, C. lactea (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. , C. marmorata (Bagl.) Jatta, C. nubigena (Kremp.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. , C. oasis (A. Massal.) Szatala, C. percrocata (Arnold) J. Steiner, C. polycarpa (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. , C. proteus Poelt, C. pseudofulgensia Gaya & Nav. -Ros. , C. pusilla (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. , C. saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin, C. soralifera Vondrák & Hrouzek, C. teicholyta (Ach.) J. Steiner, C. variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg. , C. velana complex, C. vitellinaria Szatala, C. xantholyta (Nyl.) Jatta, and C. xanthostigmoidea (Räsänen) Zahlbr. Two species are new for Poland: C. albolutescens and C. arnoldiiconfusa. One is new for the Polish Carpathians: C. crenulatella. Many new regional records are given, helping to complete the geographical range of some poorly known taxa, such as C. chrysodeta, C. polycarpa and C. xantholyta. A few species were not confi rmed from the study area: C. alociza (A. Massal.) Mig. , C. aurantia (Pers.) Helb. , C. erythrocarpa (Pers.) Zwackh, and C. subochracea (Wedd.) Werner. Detailed descriptions of all recognized species are provided, with illustrations, distribution maps and a key for species identifi cation.
Transverse Colon Primary Tumor Location as a Biomarker in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of CCTG/AGITG CO.17 and CO.20 Randomized Clinical Trials

Abstract Purpose: Sidedness is prognostic and predictive of anti-EGFR efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Transverse colon has been historically excluded from several analyses of sidedness and the optimal division between left- and right-sided colorectal cancer is unclear. We investigated transverse colon primary tumor location as a biomarker in mCRC. Experimental Design: Pooled analysis of CCTG/AGITG CO.17 and CO.20 trials of cetuximab in chemotherapy-refractory mCRC. Outcomes of patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type (WT) mCRC from CO.17 and KRAS WT mCRC from CO.20 were analyzed according to location. Results: A total of 553 patients were analyzed, 32 (5.8%) with cancers from the transverse, 101 (18.3%) from right, and 420 from (75.9%) left colon. Transverse mCRC failed to reach significant benefit from cetuximab versus best supportive care (BSC) for overall survival [OS; median, 5.9 vs. 2.1 months; HR, 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.28–1.42; P=0.26] and progression-free survival (PFS; median, 1.8 vs. 1.3 months; HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.26–1.28; P=0.16). Analyzing exclusively patients randomized to cetuximab, right-sided and transverse had comparable outcomes for OS (median, 5.6 vs. 5.9 months; HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.50–1.34; P=0.43) and PFS (median, 1.9 vs. 1.8 months; HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.49–1.26; P=0.31). Patients with left-sided mCRC had superior outcomes with cetuximab compared with transverse for OS (median, 9.7 vs. 5.9 months; HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.27–0.67; P=0.0002) and PFS (median, 3.8 vs. 1.8 months; HR, 0,49; 95% CI, 0.31–0.76; P=0.001). Location was not prognostic in patients treated with BSC alone. Conclusions: Transverse mCRC has comparable prognostic and predictive features with right-sided mCRC.
Prevalence and short-term change in symptoms of anxiety and depression following bariatric surgery: a prospective cohort study

Objectives Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity that leads to significant physical health improvements. Few studies have prospectively described the short-term impact of surgery on mental health using standardised case-finding measures for anxiety or depressive disorders. This study describes the prevalence and short-term course of these conditions following surgery. Design Prospective observational cohort study. Setting 12 National Health Service centres in England. Participants Participants studied took part in the By-Band-Sleeve study, a multicentre randomised controlled trial evaluating the surgical management of severe obesity. We included participants who had undergone surgery (gastric bypass, gastric band or sleeve gastrectomy) within 6 months of randomisation. Primary and secondary outcome measures Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at baseline and 12 months post-randomisation. Sociodemographic variables collected at prerandomisation included body mass index, age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, tobacco use, employment status and income band. Results In our sample of 758 participants, 94.5% (n 716) and 93.9% (n 712) had completed baseline anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) subscales. At pre-randomisation 46.1% (n 330/716, 95% CI 42.4% to 49.7%) met clinical case criteria for anxiety and 48.2% (n 343/712, 95% CI 44.5% to 51.8%) for depression. Among participants returning completed 12 months post-randomisation questionnaires (HADS-A n 503/716, HADS-D n 498/712), there was a significant reduction in the proportion of clinical cases with anxiety (−9.5%, 95% CI −14.3% to -4.8% p<0.001) and depression (−22.3%, 95% CI −27.0% to −17.6% p<0.001). Conclusions Almost half of people undergoing bariatric surgery had underlying anxiety or depressive symptoms. In the short term, these symptoms appear to substantially improve. Future work must identify whether these effects are sustained beyond the first post-randomisation year. Trial registration number NCT02841527 and ISRCTN00786323.