Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT: POST-STARBURST SIGNATURES IN QUASAR HOST GALAXIES AT z < 1

Quasar host galaxies are key for understanding the relation between galaxies and the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at their centers. We present a study of 191 broad-line quasars and their host galaxies at z < 1 , ? > using high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectra produced by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping project. Clear detection of stellar absorption lines allows a reliable decomposition of the observed spectra into nuclear and host components, using spectral models of quasar and stellar radiations as well as emission lines from the interstellar medium. We estimate age, mass M * ? > , and velocity dispersion &sgr; * ? > of the host stars, the star formation rate (SFR), quasar luminosity, and SMBH mass M • , ? > for each object. The quasars are preferentially hosted by massive galaxies with M * ∼ 10 11 M ⊙ ? > characterized by stellar ages around 1 billion yr, which coincides with the transition phase of normal galaxies from the blue cloud to the red sequence. The host galaxies have relatively low SFRs and fall below the main sequence of star-forming galaxies at similar redshifts. These facts suggest that the hosts have experienced an episode of major star formation sometime in the past 1 billion yr, which was subsequently quenched or suppressed. The derived M • – &sgr; * ? > and M • – M * ? > relations agree with our past measurements and are consistent with no evolution from the local universe. The present analysis demonstrates that reliable measurements of stellar properties of quasar host galaxies are possible with high-S/N fiber spectra, which will be acquired in large numbers with future powerful instruments such as the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph.
Elastic scattering losses from colliding Bose-Einstein condensates (10 pages)

Bragg diffraction divides a Bose-Einstein condensate into two overlapping components, moving with respect to each other with high momentum. Elastic collisions between atoms from distinct wave packets can significantly deplete the condensate. Recently, Zi\ifmmode \acute{n}\else \'{n}\fi{} et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 200401 (2005)] introduced a model of two counterpropagating atomic Gaussian wave packets incorporating the dynamics of the incoherent scattering processes. Here we study the properties of this model in detail, including the nature of the transition from spontaneous to stimulated scattering. Within the first-order approximation, we derive analytical expressions for the density matrix and anomalous density that provide excellent insight into correlation properties of scattered atoms.
A Simpli(cid:28)ed Convergence Theory for Byzantine Resilient Stochastic Gradient Descent *

In distributed learning, a central server trains a model according to updates provided by nodes holding local data samples. In the presence of one or more malicious servers sending incorrect information (a Byzantine adversary), standard algorithms for model training such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) fail to converge. In this paper, we present a simpli(cid:28)ed convergence theory for the generic Byzantine Resilient SGD method originally proposed by Blanchard et al. [NeurIPS 2017]. Compared to the existing analysis, we shown convergence to a stationary point in expectation under standard assumptions on the (possibly nonconvex) objective function and (cid:29)exible assumptions on the stochastic gradients.
Low-background balloon-borne direct search for ionizing massive particles as a component of the dark galactic halo matter

This dissertation has been submitted in partial fullllment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I need to thank foremost those people associated with the University of Arizona who had the most to do with our dark matter project, many of whom were volunteer or underpaid: volunteered a day of their time to help install the last of four detectors at our mountain lab. I cannot give enough thanks to my dissertation advisor, Theodore Bowen | I could not ask for a more patient, intelligent, interesting, and hard-working advisor than he is. I cannot thank Ted enough for providing the environment in which we could dream of such an interesting/novel dissertation experiment (who would have ever dreamed of searching for dark matter at balloon-altitude, of all places? ). The NASA Space Grant and Pima Community College Grant supported most of our undergraduate employees. A NSF/U.S. Dept. of Education/State of Arizona Fellowship supported myself for my rst three years at Arizona. The NSF SGIR program (grant 91-21427) supported much of my summer employment and my post-fellowship academic years, along with much of the cost of doing the balloon-borne and mountain-top experiments. We will forever be indebted to Bob Streitmatter and our other IMAX collaborators for allowing us to participate in their balloon experiment and for all the support and criticism that they have ooered us in our collaborative dark matter search. I also thank the following people or institutions from the University of Ari-zona for their help on or conversations about our dark matter project during my tenure here at the U. of A. : I appreciate the respect, friendship and good times that I shared with my parents Joan and Charles McGuire, my brothers Chad, Michael, and David, and all my relatives and friends. These …
Theoretical Pressure Distributions for a Thin Airfoil Oscillating in Incompressible Flow

Formulas are derived for the theoretical pressures acting on a thin airfoil and aileron combination oscillating with harmonic motion of small amplitude in incompressible flow. Calculations of pressure distribution are made at several representative values of the frequency parameter 1/k for airfoil translation, for airfoil rotation about the quarter-chord, and for hinged-surface flapping motions. The tabulated data thus obtained are plotted. INTRODUCTION T FORCES AND MOMENTS for the harmonically oscillating airfoil have previously been •derived by Theodorsen without the pressure formulas having been explicitly stated. A number of German pape r s 2 6 have been written covering various phases of the subject. Of these, Dietze has developed pressure formulas (for translation, pitch about the leading edge, and control surface flapping) which, when referred to the quarter-chord axis, can be shown to be in agreement with those developed in this paper. In these German investigations, as in Theodorsen's, the primary objective was to obtain the lifts and moments; therefore, computations were not made to show typical pressure distributions. • In a recent investigation to determine the magnitude and phase of aileron hinge moments due to an aileron oscillating harmonically in a transonic airstream, pressure-measuring units were installed in the wing and aileron upper and lower surfaces to measure the oscillating pressures. The pressure pickups were designed specifically for the conditions existent in that test and were, therefore, not satisfactory for measuring the oscillating pressures a t the lower dynamic pressures of normal flight speeds. Formulas were derived and computations for theoretical oscillating pressures were made for the range of parameters expected in tha t test in order t ha t comparisons with the experimental pressures could be made. The derivations and the tables of computed pressures for the incompressible flow are presented below in anticipation of the development of . pressure-measuring techniques to check the theoretical flutter coefficients in the usual velocity range.
Monitoring and Evaluation for Education and Accountability in

Purpose: The research examined the techniques used for accountability at Edmund Rice Foundation Australia Kenya (ARFA-K), in Lang’ata, Nairobi County Kenya. The study sought to establish if M&E system promotes accountability in education to management or performance. Therefore, to expound on the practicability of M&E process in management accountability especially at ERFA-K. Methodology: The research employed mixed research method. The theory of change and empowerment theory in this study conceivably showed the application of M&E in promoting accountability in education. The study adopted descriptive research method. This research adopted the descriptive survey design approach since it involved collecting primary data to test or answer questions concerning the current status of the subject under study. The confidence level in this research was 95% with confidence interval of 9.32 from the populations of 141 at ERFA-K with sample size of 120 participants. Purposive sampling was used to select the 120 respondents that comprise of 4 Directors, 6 Managers, 11 Project Managers, 4 Accountants, 78 Subordinates (lower employees), and 38 Volunteers (non-staff workers). The 141 of 120 computed to 85% for the researcher objective population through separated testing, which was identical to an example size of 120 participants. The research tools for the study were interview guide, structured questionnaires and observation check list. Qualitative data was analyzed and presented in a prose form while quantitative data was analyzed by use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 and presented in tables, pie system such as M&E plans, indicators and tools hence lowering accountability and misappropriation of resources. Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: The study concluded that application of M&E for education and accountability greatly affected the organization in the utilization of budgeted resources well which led to merging of projects since there were no funds. The study recommended that ERFA-K projects must clearly involve stakeholders adequately in M&E activities in all levels to enhance application of M&E system for accountability
Effects of high‐temperature short‐time processing on nutrition quality of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) using extracted fatty acids as the indicator

Abstract Microwave thermal processing is a promising technology to greatly improve product quality by achieving high‐temperature short‐time (HTST) processing for solid foods. And the non‐thermal effect of microwave fields on nutritional quality is a major public concern. To distinguish the non‐thermal effect of microwave fields, the thermal effect of HTST processing should be revealed first. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different HTST processing on quality of Pacific saury fillets using extracted fatty acids as the indicator. A self‐developed thermal processing system was used to conduct the HTST processing with different heating rate (5.48–18.30°C/min), maximum heating temperature (123, 133 °C), and thermal processing level (F 0 = 3.0 min, 6.0 min). Results showed that the extraction coefficient of lipids and fatty acids decreased with increasing heating rates, which implied less thermal damage of fish tissue, while higher thermal processing level increased these extraction coefficients. However, higher maximum processing temperature caused serious thermal damage of fatty acids, especially for PUFAs. Furthermore, changing pattern of each fatty acid during different HTST processing was revealed, which provided fundamental data for designing microwave thermal processing and exploring microwave non‐thermal effects.
Discrete emotions discovered by contactless measurement of facial blood flows

ABSTRACT Experiential and behavioural aspects of emotions can be measured readily but developing a contactless measure of emotions’ physiological aspects has been a major challenge. We hypothesised that different emotion-evoking films can produce distinctive facial blood flow patterns that can serve as physiological signatures of discrete emotions. To test this hypothesis, we created a new Transdermal Optical Imaging system that uses a conventional video camera to capture facial blood flows in a contactless manner. Using this and deep machine learning, we analysed videos of the faces of people as they viewed film clips that elicited joy, sadness, disgust, fear or a neutral state. We found that each of these elicited a distinct blood flow pattern in the facial epidermis, and that Transdermal Optical Imaging is an effective contactless and inexpensive tool to the reveal physiological correlates of discrete emotions.
Geometry without Topology

The proper Euclidean geometry is considered to be metric space and described in terms of only metric and finite metric subspaces (sigma-immanent description). Constructing the geometry, one does not use topology and topological properties. For instance, the straight, passing through points A and B, is defined as a set of such points R that the area S(A,B,R) of the triangle ABR vanishes. The triangle area is expressed via metric by means of the Hero's formula, and the straight appears to be defined only via metric, i.e. without a reference to (topological) concept of curve. (Usually the straight is defined as the shortest curve, connecting two points A and B). Such a construction of geometry is free from constraints (continuity, dimensionality of space), generated by a use of topology, but not by geometry in itself. At such a description all information on the geometry properties (such as uniformity, isotropy, continuity and degeneracy) is contained in metric. Modifying the metric, one changes the geometry automatically. The Riemannian geometry is constructed by two different ways: (1) by conventional way on the basis of metric tensor, (2) as a result of modification of the metric in the sigma-immanent description of the proper Euclidean geometry. The two obtained geometries are compared. The convexity problem in geometry and the problem of collinerity of vectors at distant points are considered. The nonmetric definition of curve is shown to be a concept of only proper Euclidean geometry. It is inadequate to any non-Euclidean geometry.
On the light-absorbing surface layer of cometary nuclei : II. Thermal modeling

Abstract The classical way to treat absorption of solar light in thermophysical modeling of cometary nuclei (and other ice-rich bodies such as jovian satellites) has been to assume complete opaqueness of the surface material. However, as shown by Davidsson and Skorov (2002, Icarus 156 , 223–248), substantial light penetration can occur in porous ice even if it is very dusty, implying that gradual absorption of energy in a surface layer should be accounted for. We present a thorough comparison between a surface energy absorption model and a layer energy absorption model, for various combinations of heliocentric distances, conductivities, opacities, pore sizes, and rotational periods relevant for cometary nuclei, by fully solving the coupled differential equations of heat transfer and gas diffusion. We find substantial differences between the models in terms of gas production rate, thermal lag angle, surface temperature, and the origin of coma molecules. For example, the surface energy absorption model overestimates the total gas production by a factor of 2–7, underestimates the lag angle by a factor of 2–3, and places the origin of coma molecules at the surface, instead of the near-surface interior.
Proper holomorphic mappings between rigid polynomial domains in $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}$

We describe the branch locus of proper holomorphic mappings between rigid polynomial domains in $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}$. It appears, in particular, that it is controlled only by the first domain. As an application, we prove that proper holomorphic self-mappings between such domains are biholomorphic.
Instrumented strength assessment in typically developing children and children with a neural or neuromuscular disorder: A reliability, validity and responsiveness study

The aim of this study was to determine the clinimetric properties, i.e., reliability, validity and responsiveness of an instrumented strength assessment in typically developing (TD) children and children with cerebral palsy (CP) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Force (N), torque (Nm) and normalized torque (Nm/kg) were defined for maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) of the lower limb muscles using a pre-established protocol. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) of TD children (n = 14), children with CP (n = 11) and DMD (n = 11) were used to evaluate intra-rater reliability for the three cohorts and the inter-rater intersession as well as inter-rater intrasession reliability for TD children. Construct validity was assessed by comparing MVICs in TD children (n = 28) to children with CP (n = 26) and to children with DMD (n = 30), using the Kruskal Wallis and post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests. Responsiveness was investigated by assessing changes in MVICs following a strength intervention in CP (n = 26) and a 1 and 2 year follow-up study in DMD (n = 13 and n = 6, respectively), using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The overall intra-rater reliability, was classified as good to excellent for 65.1%, moderate for 27.0% and poor for 7.9% of the measures (47.6%, 76.2%, and 66.7% good-excellent; 28.6%, 23.8%, and 33.7% moderate; 23.8%, 0%, and 0% poor in TD, CP, and DMD, respectively), while ICC values for TD children were slightly lower for inter-rater intrasession reliability (38.1% good-excellent, 33.3% moderate and 26.6% poor) and for inter-rater intersession reliability (47.6% good-excellent, 23.8% moderate and 28.6% poor). Children with CP and DMD were significantly weaker than TD children (p < 0.001) and the majority of these strength differences exceeded the MDC. Children with CP significantly improved strength after training, with changes that exceeded the SEMs, whereas only limited strength decreases over time were observed in the DMD cohort. In conclusion, the investigated instrumented strength assessment was sufficiently reliable to confirm known-group validity for both cohorts and could detect the responsiveness of children with CP after a strength intervention. However, more research is necessary to determine the responsiveness of this assessment in children with DMD regarding their natural decline.
TOPICAL REVIEW: Boundary control in reconstruction of manifolds and metrics (the BC method)

One of the approaches to inverse problems based upon their relations to boundary control theory (the so-called BC method) is presented. The method gives an efficient way to reconstruct a Riemannian manifold via its response operator (dynamical Dirichlet-to-Neumann map) or spectral data (a spectrum of the Beltrami - Laplace operator and traces of normal derivatives of the eigenfunctions). The approach is applied to the problem of recovering a density, including the case of inverse data given on part of a boundary. The results of the numerical testing are demonstrated.
The Becoming a Tolerant Muslim: Study of Dayak Converts

The religious tolerance of the Dayak people towards converts in their families in Central Kalimantan shows that there are several problems which must be faced. Because apart from being a minority (Dayak converts), the Dayak people still uphold the culture that has been passed down from generation to generation. This study is conducted using a field study with purposive sampling on converts who are identified based on the specified classification. Data are reviewed through literature studies and strengthened by in-depth interviews, then analyzed using the Nvivo 12 application. This study reveals that in practice, the Dayak people uphold religious principles while maintaining tolerance as a habitus which comes from historical products by producing collective individual practices or behavior. Furthermore, religious practices, tolerance, and habitus play an important role in the daily life of the Dayak community towards converts. This is because they respect each other's beliefs, customs, and culture through a system of mutual assistance between one another in social interactions and everyday life. An open attitude and mind are also the reason for harmony in respecting differences and maintaining goodness among others, but not forgetting religion and culture.
Real-time investigation of the UV nonlinear absorptance in an anti-reflective coated LBO crystals

Absorptance is often considered a static feature of an optical element that is determined via standardized measurement procedures. Although such measurements are often performed using optical instruments with low light intensity, in high power laser applications irradiation conditions are considerably different. Optics might become unstable due to highly intense light: optical properties change in a nonlinear way and might eventually lead to laser-induced damage. To study these effects we employed the common-path interferometry technique in combination with a high energy and high average power laser source, operating at 1 MHz repetition rate and delivering 10 ps pulses at 355 nm wavelength. We investigated an anti-reflective (AR@355 nm) coating deposited using ion beam sputtering on a lithium triborate (LBO) crystal. Our preliminary results indicate both strong nonlinear absorptance and fatigue near the damaging fluence, however, damage events were not directly related to the critical absorptance level. An attempt is made to predict the lifetime of an AR coated optics by establishing a numerical model of nonlinear absorption.
Systematic Analysis of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs Reveals the Effects of Xuefu-Zhuyu Decoction on the Hippocampi of Rats after Traumatic Brain Injury

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common neurosurgical diseases and refers to brain function impairment or brain pathological changes induced by external causes. A traditional Chinese medicine, Xuefu-Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD), has been indicated to harbor therapeutic properties against TBI. Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs, that is, tsRNAs (a group of small RNAs derived from tRNAs), are multifunctional regulatory noncoding RNAs generated under pressure and implicated in the progression of TBI. Methods A TBI model was successfully constructed using rats. We further performed sequencing and omics analyses to identify novel tsRNAs as drug targets for XFZYD therapy against TBI in the rat hippocampus. qPCR assays were used to further verify the experimental results. Gene Ontology (GO) was used to analyze the signaling pathways of downstream target genes of tsRNAs in the XFZYD-regulated TBI model. qPCR was used to detect the influence of overexpressed tsRNA mimics/inhibitors on their target genes in PC12 cells. Results Our RNA-Seq data illustrate that 11 tsRNAs were mediated by XFZYD. The experimental data revealed AS-tDR-002004 and AS-tDR-002583 as potential targets for XFZYD therapy and showed that they influenced TBI via the cadherin signaling pathway, cocaine addiction, circadian entrainment, and the nicotine pharmacodynamics pathway. We also confirmed that Pi4kb, Mlh3, Pcdh9, and Ppp1cb were target genes of 2 XFZYD-regulated tsRNAs in the hippocampus of a rat model and PC12 cells. Furthermore, biological function analysis revealed the potential therapeutic effects of tsRNAs, and the results showed that Mapk1 and Gnai1 were related genes for XFZYD therapy against TBI. Conclusion Our work successfully illuminates the efficiency of XFZYD in the treatment of TBI. The experimental data revealed AS-tDR-002004 and AS-tDR-002583 as potential targets for XFZYD therapy and showed that they influenced TBI via the cadherin signaling pathway, cocaine addiction, circadian entrainment, and the nicotine pharmacodynamics pathway in a TBI rat model.