Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When the Mob Goes Silent: Uncovering the Effects of Racial Harassment through a Natural Experiment

How does harassment impact the performance of discriminated minorities? Using a natural experiment induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, we test how the sudden absence of supporters at football games impacts the performance of players from minority groups in Italy. We find that players from Africa, who are most commonly targeted by racial harassment, experience a significant improvement in performance when supporters are no longer at the stadium. Using data on o cially recorded episodes of racist behaviour by fans during matches, we show that performance improves the most among African players in teams that were subject to abuse prior to the lockdown. Our findings suggest that by damaging discriminated athletes, racial harassment lowers the overall quality of the game.
Maximizing the Anti-tumor Potential of Immune Checkpoint Blockade through Modulation of Myeloid-specific CXCL16 and STAT1 Signaling

Sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockades (ICB) depends on the overall balance of immunogenic and immunosuppressive signals in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Chemotherapy as an immunostimulatory strategy showed potential in improving ICB’s clinical efficacy. Yet, evolution of highly plastic tumor-associated myeloid cells hinders ICB’s potential to reach its full therapeutic potential. In this study, we leveraged single-cell transcriptomic and trajectory analyses to delineate TIME dynamics after chemotherapy priming. We found that metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) treatment led to an accelerated T cell exhaustion through CXCL16-mediated recruitment of peripheral immature myeloid cells and expansion of STAT1-driven PD-L1 expressing myeloid cells. Inhibiting STAT1 signaling in MCT-primed breast cancer relieved T cell exhaustion and significantly enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-1 ICB treatment. Our study leveraged single-cell analyses to dissect the dynamics of breast cancer TIME and provides a pre-clinical rationale to translate the anti-STAT1 plus anti-PD-1 combinatorial immunotherapy regimen to maximize ICB’s efficacy. Manuscript Summary Single-cell analyses on low dose chemotherapy primed breast tumor-associated immune cells demonstrates a parallel coexistence of immunogenic and immunosuppressive myeloid cell subsets. Modulating STAT1 signaling in the tumor microenvironment fine-tunes immunogenic and immunosuppressive balance and maximizes the anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy in chemotherapy-primed breast cancer.
Risk of Metachronous Colorectal Advanced Neoplasia and Cancer in Patients With 3–4 Nonadvanced Adenomas at Index Colonoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

INTRODUCTION: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the available evidence on the risk of metachronous advanced neoplasia (AN) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with 3–4 nonadvanced adenomas (NAAs). METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases up to January 2021 for studies evaluating metachronous AN and CRC risk by comparing 3 groups (1–2 vs 3–4 vs ≥5 NAAs) at index colonoscopy. The estimates for risk of metachronous AN and CRC were evaluated using random-effects models. RESULTS: Fifteen studies (n = 36,375) were included. The risk of metachronous AN was significantly higher in the 3–4 NAAs group than in the 1–2 NAAs group (relative risk [RR] 1.264, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.053–1.518, P = 0.012; I2 = 0%); there was no difference between the ≥ 5 NAAs and 3–4 NAAs groups (RR 1.962, 95% CI 0.972–3.958, P = 0.060; I2 = 68%). The risks of metachronous CRC between the 1–2 NAAs and 3–4 NAAs groups (RR 2.663, 95% CI 0.391–18.128, P = 0.317; I2 = 0%) or the 3–4 NAAs and ≥ 5 NAAs groups (RR 1.148, 95% CI 0.142–9.290, P = 0.897; I2 = 0%) were not significantly different. DISCUSSION: Although the risk of metachronous AN was greater in the 3–4 NAAs group than in the 1–2 NAAs group, the risk of metachronous AN and CRC between the 3–4 NAAs and ≥ 5 NAAs groups was not different. This suggests that further studies on metachronous AN and CRC risk in the 3–4 NAAs group are warranted to confirm a firm ≥5-year interval surveillance colonoscopy.
Seeing-Sorted Large Binocular Camera U-band Imaging of the Extended Groth Strip

We present the results of deep ground-based U-band imaging of the Extended Groth Strip (EGS) field, and the creation of a best resolution mosaic and a best depth mosaic following the seeing-sorted stacking method of Ashcraft et al. The analysis uses 324 images taken from 2012 March to 2021 June using the Large Binocular Camera. The best resolution mosaic includes the 16.4% of images with FWHM ≤ 0. ″9, while the best depth mosaic includes the 73.5% of images with FWHM ≤ 1. ″6. Each image’s zero-point was matched to SDSS u, to account for transparency variations. Images with stellar ellipticity (1 − b/a) ≥ 0.08 were omitted. We find that the galaxy counts turn over at U AB ∼ 25.75 mag in the best resolution mosaic and at ∼26 mag in the best depth mosaic. The EGS field is the final UVCANDELS field analyzed using the seeing-sorted stacking method.
The Young Binary DQ Tau Produces Another X-Ray Flare Near Periastron

This work is part of a multi-wavelength program to study the effects of X-ray/UV/optical stellar radiation on the chemistry of the circumbinary disk around the young high-eccentricity binary DQ Tau. ALMA observations for near/around 2021 December 5 periastron were postponed due to bad weather, but supporting Swift-XRT-UVOT TOO observations were successful. These Swift observations along with previous X-ray-optical-mm data show that DQ Tau keeps exhibiting powerful flares near periastron, offering a unique laboratory for studies of flare effects on the gas-phase ion chemistry in protoplanetary disks.
Good or Bad? Short- versus Long-Term Effects of Multigrading on Child Achievement

This paper studies the effect of multigrading—mixing children of different ages in the same classroom—on students’ shortversus long-term academic achievement in Italy. We cope with the endogeneity of multigrading (and class size) through an instrumental variable identification strategy based on a law that disciplines class composition. By relying on longitudinal data that follow a cohort of Italian students over their compulsory school career, we show that multigrading has a positive short-term effect on achievements. This effect fades away over time to become negative in the long run if students spend several years in a multigrade class. The analysis of mechanisms points to the fundamental role of teachers and suggests that no negative long-term effect arises when multigrade classes are taught by more experienced and motivated teachers. These results reconcile contrasting findings in the literature based on cross-sectional data and a short-term focus. JEL CODES: I26, I28, R53, H52. *We wish to thank participants at IWAEE 2021 for helpful comments. We also thank Lucia De Fabrizio (MIUR) for kindly providing data about Italian schools and teachers. Barbetta: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan (IT); Chuard-Keller: University of St.Gallen, St.Gallen (CH); Sorrenti: University of Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam (NL), g.sorrenti@uva.nl (corresponding author); Turati: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (IT).
The Influence of Tacit and Explicit Knowledge Sharing on Organizational Performance among Manufacturing Companies in Malaysia

This study was conducted an exploratory study to investigate the extent to which tacit and explicit knowledge sharing affect organizational performance in Malaysia’s manufacturing companies. The findings revealed that the study support positive relationship between tacit and explicit knowledge sharing and organizational performance (i.e., financial, quality, and innovative performance) which consistent as claimed in the previous studies. Tacit and explicit knowledge sharing were examined upon their relationship with organizational performance because they have been clarified as one of the most extensively researched issues since the early development of organizational theory. However, this study’s result has found that tacit knowledge sharing did not have a significant relationship with innovative performance. For the methodology, this study applied quantitative approach through a selfadministrated questionnaire and believed to be able to contribute to the importance of tacit and explicit knowledge as a fundamental source of knowledge sharing and a necessary precondition to boost a manufacturing company’s performance. 145 samples of the companies were collected and analyzed using Partial Least Squares structural equation modeling technique. Thus, this study can reflect its current performance and represent the true position of manufacturing companies in Malaysia.
Evaluation of durum wheat ( Triticum turgdium var durum ) genotypes for drought tolerance using morpho-agronomic traits

Identification of durum wheat variety adapted to drought environment is required to expand durum wheat cultivation to lowland areas in order to meet the growing demand of the crop for industrialization. The objective of the study was to evaluate and identify durum wheat genotypes tolerant to terminal drought, using morpho-agronomic traits. One hundred and forty four durum wheat ( Triticum turgidium var durum ) genotypes were grown in lattice design replicated twice under non-drought and drought stressed conditions, induced at anthesis stage at Debre-Zeit experimental station in 2017 during dry season. Analysis of variance showed that significant differences for all the traits, except days to heading and anthesis and between normal and stress conditions and also among studied genotypes as well as interaction effects of moisture environment and genotypes. Drought significantly affected reduction of all traits, except number of days to heading and spikelet number. In average, drought reduced grain yield (48.3%), grain filling period (41.7%), grain yield per spike (29.6%) and 1000 grain weight (18.3%) and number of kernels per spike (16.3%). LRPL-31, MCD-1-21 and ICA# showed superior performance under drought environment whereas Ude, the cultivated variety found the best under non-drought condition. Six genotypes, namely, 55, 30, 31, 91 15 and 58 were found among the top 10% high yielding genotypes and showed superior performance in both stress and non-stress conditions.
International Journal of Instruction

The ultimate goal of this study is to test the validity of the newly developed Sustainable Leadership for Learning Questionnaire (SLLQ) in terms of predictive validity on teacher satisfaction towards teaching. Apart from that this study also to test the convergent and discriminant validity of SLLQ. To achieve the objective of the study, a cross-sectional survey design was utilized. A total of 190 teachers from national primary schools in Kedah, Malaysia was randomly selected to participate in this study. The Teaching Satisfaction Scale (TSS) were used to measure teachers’ satisfaction as criterion variable. Using PLS-SEM analysis, this study found that the Sustainable Leadership for Learning Questionnaire (SLLQ) is a valid questionnaire to predict teachers’ satisfaction towards teaching. This study has contributed to the establishment of newly constructed questionnaire namely SLLQ and also to the development of leadership literature in the context of primary school in Malaysia.
QUALITY OF SEED DISTRIBUTION AT DIFFERENT SPACES BETWEEN BASE AND INTERMEDIATE BASE

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of space between the base and intermediate base on quality of seed distribution with a horizontal seed plate. The experiment was carried out in 2012 at the Laboratory of Agricultural Mechanization of the State University of Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil, using a sowing simulation device. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four treatments and seven replications. Treatments consisted of spaces (0, 1, 2, and 3 mm) between the base and intermediate base. Replications were defined by 250 spacing between seeds. Corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) seeds were tested. The analyzed variables were faulty, multiple and acceptable spacing. By increasing the space between base and intermediate base, quality of seed distribution was reduced for all species.
Branch Morphology of a Mangrove (Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh) Growing in a Per-Arid Area on the Egyptian Red Sea Coast Regulates Water Use of Its Leaves

The grey mangrove (Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. ) in per-arid areas on the Red Sea coast is characterized by its tree morphology, as branches tend to extend laterally rather than upward and often carry adventitious roots on their main axis. To test the hypothesis that such branch morphology is linked with the water-use characteristics in leaves, the relationships between morphological parameters of branch and carbon isotope ratio of leaf organic matter at the branch top ( Com) were examined in 12 trees growing in a 5 × 10 m plot on the shoreline fringe of a stand at Hamata, Egypt. The Com was significantly correlated with the sloped branch length between the base and the tip (L) and the adventitious roots and the tip (Lr) when L or Lr < 700 cm, but not with the vertical height of the branch (H). Furthermore, the Com was more strongly correlated with Lr than with L. These results suggest that the intrinsic water-use efficiency of leaves can be linked to the actual path length of water transport from water absorptive roots to leaves and that the leaves of these A. marina trees can enhance intrinsic water-use efficiency in response to decreasing hydraulic conductivity of xylem by elongating branches. Moreover, lateral branches with adventitious roots may also act to improve the hydraulic conductivity of xylem. These two factors account for the survival of A. marina trees growing in per-arid areas along the Red Sea coast.
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON AERODYNAMICS OF A HIGH-SPEED PASSENGER VEHICLE WITHIN THE HEXAFLY-INT PROJECT

Hypersonic passenger transport is intrinsically linked to long-haul intercontinental flights. Its development and deployment will demand an international approach. The internationally funded HEXAFLY-INT project is a first step into this direction. Key elements for civil high-speed transportation are jointly developed towards an experimental flight. The present paper describes the various numerical and experimental investigations carried out so far by the different international partners.
Factors contributing to bicycle–motorised vehicle collisions: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT Bicycle–motorised vehicle (BMV) collisions account for the majority of the recorded bicyclists’ fatalities and serious injuries. This systematic review intends to examine the main factors contributing to BMV collisions. We performed a comprehensive literature review on Scopus, TRID, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases. Fifty-nine English-language peer-reviewed articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. The main factors contributing to BMV collisions identified were classified in accordance with a recently published conceptual framework for road safety. The majority of studies have identified factors related to road users’ behaviour (59.3%) and infrastructure characteristics (57.6%). A minority of studies identified variables related to exposure (40.7%) and vehicles (15.3%) as contributor factors to BMV collisions. A small but significant proportion of studies (20.3%) provided evidence that environmental factors may also play a role, although to a lesser extent, in determining BMV collisions. In addition to the three factors comprised in the applied conceptual framework for road safety, we identified environmental conditions as a category of factors contributing to BMV collisions.
Patterns and prognosis of holding regimens for people living with HIV in Asian countries

The use of holding regimens for people living with HIV (PLWH) without effective antiretroviral options can have effects on outcomes and future treatment options. We aimed to investigate the use of holding regimens for PLWH in Asian countries. Data from adults enrolled in routine HIV care in IeDEA Asia-Pacific cohorts were included. Individuals were considered to be on holding regimen if they had been on combination antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months, had two confirmed viral loads (VL) ≥1000 copies/mL, and had remained on the same medications for at least 6 months. Survival time was analyzed using Fine and Gray’s competing risk regression. Factors associated with CD4 changes and VL <1000 copies/mL were analyzed using linear regression and logistic regression, respectively. A total of 425 PLWH (72.9% male; 45.2% high-income and 54.8% low-to-middle-income country) met criteria for being on a holding regimen. From high-income countries, 63.0% were on protease inhibitors (PIs); from low-to-middle-income countries, 58.4% were on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs); overall, 4.5% were on integrase inhibitors. The combination of lamivudine, zidovudine, and efavirenz was the most commonly used single regimen (n = 46, 10.8%), followed by lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine (n = 37, 8.7%). Forty-one PLWH (9.7%) died during follow-up (mortality rate 2.0 per 100 person-years). Age >50 years compared to age 31–40 years (sub-hazard ratio [SHR] 3.29, 95% CI 1.45–7.43, p = 0.004), and VL ≥1000 copies/ml compared to VL <1000 copies/mL (SHR, 2.14, 95% CI 1.08–4.25, p = 0.029) were associated with increased mortality, while higher CD4 counts were protective. In our Asia regional cohort, there was a diversity of holding regimens, and the patterns of PI vs. NNRTI use differed by country income levels. Considering the high mortality rate of PLWH with holding regimen, efforts to extend accessibility to additional antiretroviral options are needed in our region.
Differences in situation-related indicators of the handball game in relation to the achieved compettive results of teams at 1999 World Championship in Egypt

The purpose of the research was to determine the differences in the situational-related parameters of the game in relation to the results achieved or the performance of the teams in top quality handball for men. The differences in 27 situation-related indicators of the game, both on defence and on attack, have been analysed by means of the multivariate analysis of the variance. The sample consisted of 80 matches from the 1999 Men, s World Championship in Egypt. These 27 performance indicators have been analysed in relation to the level of success or competitive successfulness which was determined by two classification factors: the first one was named general championship performance (general achievement in competition) and was defined by the team, s final ranking at the championship. The second one was named the performance in a match and was defined by a victory of defeat in a match. It has been established that the successful teams are predominantly efficient in: the efficient competition of the set attacks against an organized defence, the collective counter-attacks, the number of assistances, the penalty (seven meters) sfots, and in individual actions of the break-through (on attack), while on defence they are more efficient in executing the non-contact elements of the defence and in the goalkeeper, s situation-related successfulness on the defence in the back court or long range shots saves. Less successful teams are predominant in turnovers, in attacks against the set defence and in shots taken from the back positions.
An exploratory analysis of sociodemographic characteristics with ultrafine particle concentrations in Boston, MA

Little is known of the relationship between exposure to the smallest particles of air pollution and socio-demographic characteristics. This paper explores linkages between ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations and indicators of both race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. We used estimates of UFP based on a highly-resolved land-use regression model of concentrations. In multivariate linear regression models census block groups with high proportions of Asians were associated with higher levels of UFP in comparison to block groups with majority White or other minority groups. Lower UFP concentrations were associated with higher homeownership (indicating higher SES) and with higher female head of household (indicating lower socioeconomic status). One explanation for the results include the proximity of specific groups to traffic corridors that are the main sources of UFP in Boston. Additional studies, especially at higher geographic resolution, are needed in Boston and other major cities to better characterize UFP concentrations by sociodemographic factors.
Robust Meta-Reinforcement Learning with Curriculum-Based Task Sampling

Meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) acquires meta-policies that show good performance for tasks in a wide task distribution. However, conventional meta-RL, which learns meta-policies by randomly sampling tasks, has been reported to show meta-overfitting for certain tasks, especially for easy tasks where an agent can easily get high scores. To reduce effects of the meta-overfitting, we considered meta-RL with curriculum-based task sampling. Our method is Robust Meta Reinforcement Learning with Guided Task Sampling (RMRL-GTS), which is an effective method that restricts task sampling based on scores and epochs. We show that in order to achieve robust meta-RL, it is necessary not only to intensively sample tasks with poor scores, but also to restrict and expand the task regions of the tasks to be sampled.
A Fast and Convergent Proximal Algorithm for Regularized Nonconvex and Nonsmooth Bi-level Optimization

Many important machine learning applications involve regularized nonconvex bi-level optimization. However, the existing gradient-based bi-level optimization algorithms cannot handle nonconvex or nonsmooth regularizers, and they suffer from a high computation complexity in nonconvex bi-level optimization. In this work, we study a proximal gradient-type algorithm that adopts the approximate implicit differentiation (AID) scheme for nonconvex bi-level optimization with possibly nonconvex and nonsmooth regularizers. In particular, the algorithm applies the Nesterov's momentum to accelerate the computation of the implicit gradient involved in AID. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the global convergence properties of this algorithm through identifying its intrinsic potential function. In particular, we formally establish the convergence of the model parameters to a critical point of the bi-level problem, and obtain an improved computation complexity $\mathcal{O}(\kappa^{3.5}\epsilon^{-2})$ over the state-of-the-art result. Moreover, we analyze the asymptotic convergence rates of this algorithm under a class of local nonconvex geometries characterized by a {\L}ojasiewicz-type gradient inequality. Experiment on hyper-parameter optimization demonstrates the effectiveness of our algorithm.