Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coexistence in competing first passage percolation with conversion

We introduce a two-type first passage percolation competition model on infinite connected graphs as follows. Type 1 spreads through the edges of the graph at rate 1 from a single distinguished site, while all other sites are initially vacant. Once a site is occupied by type 1, it converts to type 2 at rate $\rho>0$. Sites occupied by type 2 then spread at rate $\lambda>0$ through vacant sites \emph{and} sites occupied by type 1, whereas type 1 can only spread through vacant sites. If the set of sites occupied by type 1 is non-empty at all times, we say type 1 \emph{survives}. In the case of a regular $d$-ary tree for $d\geq 3$, we show type 1 can survive when it is slower than type 2, provided $\rho$ is small enough. This is in contrast to when the underlying graph is $\mathbb{Z}^d$, where for any $\rho>0$, type 1 dies out almost surely if $\lambda>1$.
The structure of the Milky Way based on unWISE 3.4 μm integrated photometry

We present a detailed analysis of the Galaxy structure using an unWISE wide-field image at $3.4\,\mu$m. We perform a 3D photometric decomposition of the Milky Way taking into account (i) the projection of the Galaxy on the celestial sphere and (ii) that the observer is located within the Galaxy at the solar radius. We consider a large set of photometric models starting with a pure disc model and ending with a complex model that consists of thin and thick discs plus a boxy-peanut-shaped bulge. In our final model, we incorporate many observed features of the Milky Way, such as the disc flaring and warping, several overdensities in the plane, and the dust extinction. The model of the bulge with the corresponding X-shape structure is obtained from N-body simulations of a Milky Way-like galaxy. This allows us to retrieve the parameters of the aforementioned stellar components, estimate their contribution to the total Galaxy luminosity, and constrain the position angle of the bar. The mass of the thick disc in our models is estimated to be 0.4–1.3 of that for the thin disc. The results of our decomposition can be directly compared to those obtained for external galaxies via multicomponent photometric decomposition.
Gender-based occupational segregation: a bit string approach

The systematic diﬀerences of gender representation across occupations, gender-based occupational segregation, has been suggested as one of the most important determinants of the still existing gender wage gap. Despite some signs of a decreasing trend, there is evidence that occupational gendered segregation is persistent even though gender diﬀerences in human capital variables have been disappearing. Using an agent-based model we provide a framework that introduces discriminatory behavior based on labour market theories of discrimination where workers and ﬁrms can exhibit gendered preferences. The introduction of discriminatory behavior transforms the otherwise random dynamics of occupational choice into a persistent gender-based occupational segregation consistent with empirical evidence.
Non-Abelian braiding of Weyl nodes via symmetry-constrained phase transitions

Weyl semimetals are arguably the most paradigmatic form of a gapless topological phase. While the stability of Weyl nodes, as quantified by their topological charge, has been extensively investigated, recent interest has shifted to the manipulation of the location of these Weyl nodes for non-Abelian braiding. To accomplish this braiding it is necessary to drive significant Weyl node motion using realistic experimental parameter changes. We show that a family of phase transitions characterized by certain symmetry constraints impose that the Weyl nodes have to reorganise by a large amount, shifting from one high symmetry plane to another. Additionally, for a subset of pairs of nodes with nontrivial Euler class topology, this reorganization can only occur through a braiding process with adjacent nodes. As a result, the Weyl nodes are forced to move a large distance across the Brillouin zone and to braid, all driven by small temperature changes, a process we illustrate with Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$. Our work opens up routes to readily manipulate Weyl nodes using only slight external parameter changes, paving the way for the practical realization of reciprocal space braiding.
$F$-factors in Quasi-random Hypergraphs

Given k ≥ 2 and two k-graphs (k-uniform hypergraphs) F and H , an F -factor in H is a set of vertex disjoint copies of F that together covers the vertex set of H . Lenz and Mubayi [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B, 2016 ] studied the F -factor problem in quasi-random k-graphs with minimum degree Ω(n). They posed the problem of characterizing the k-graphs F such that every sufficiently large quasi-random k-graph with constant edge density and minimum degree Ω(n) contains an F -factor, and in particular, they showed that all linear k-graphs satisfy this property. In this paper we prove a general theorem on F -factors which reduces the F -factor problem of Lenz and Mubayi to a natural sub-problem, that is, the F -cover problem. By using this result, we answer the question of Lenz and Mubayi for those F which are k-partite k-graphs, and for all 3-graphs F , separately. Our characterization result on 3-graphs is motivated by the recent work of Reiher, Rödl and Schacht [J. Lond. Math. Soc. , 2018 ] that classifies the 3-graphs with vanishing Turán density in quasi-random k-graphs.
Hilbert Space Fragmentation and Commutant Algebras

We study the phenomenon of Hilbert space fragmentation in isolated Hamiltonian and Floquet quantum systems using the language of commutant algebras, the algebra of all operators that commute with each term of the Hamiltonian or each gate of the circuit. We provide a precise definition of Hilbert space fragmentation in this formalism as the case where the dimension of the commutant algebra grows exponentially with the system size. Fragmentation can hence be distinguished from systems with conventional symmetries such as $U(1)$ or $SU(2)$, where the dimension of the commutant algebra grows polynomially with the system size. Further, the commutant algebra language also helps distinguish between"classical"and"quantum"Hilbert space fragmentation, where the former refers to fragmentation in the product state basis. We explicitly construct the commutant algebra in several systems exhibiting classical fragmentation, including the $t-J_z$ model and the spin-1 dipole-conserving model, and we illustrate the connection to previously-studied"Statistically Localized Integrals of Motion"(SLIOMs). We also revisit the Temperley-Lieb spin chains, including the spin-1 biquadratic chain widely studied in the literature, and show that they exhibit quantum Hilbert space fragmentation. Finally, we study the contribution of the full commutant algebra to the Mazur bounds in various cases. In fragmented systems, we use expressions for the commutant to analytically obtain new or improved Mazur bounds for autocorrelation functions of local operators that agree with previous numerical results. In addition, we are able to rigorously show the localization of the on-site spin operator in the spin-1 dipole-conserving model.
Assessing Shared Decision-Making in Cystic Fibrosis Care Using collaboRATE: A Cross-Sectional Study of 159 Programs

There are numerous opportunities for shared decision-making (SDM) in cystic fibrosis (CF) care, yet little is known about patients’ SDM experiences. This study evaluated SDM across 159 CF care programs (4024 participants) in the United States. Shared decision-making was assessed using the patient-reported collaboRATE measure, which was included in the CF Foundation’s Patient and Family Experience of Care Survey over 18 months. Overall, 69% of respondents reported experiencing SDM. Respondents at pediatric programs were more likely to experience SDM than those at adult programs (72% vs 67%, P < .001). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed a relationship between SDM and patient age, whereby SDM was less likely to occur with patients aged 18 to 24 years, compared to some younger and older age groups (P = .02-<.001). Shared decision-making was more likely to occur at pediatric programs when patients had better general health (P = .02-<.01), and at pediatric and adult programs when patients had better mental health (P = .02-<.001). Disparities in SDM experiences highlight a need to improve decision-making processes in CF care. Interventions tailored for improving SDM among specific patient populations may be particularly advantageous.
Adaptive and Interpretable Graph Convolution Networks Using Generalized Pagerank

We investigate adaptive layer-wise graph convolution in deep GCN models. We propose AdaGPR to learn generalized Pageranks at each layer of a GCNII network to induce adaptive convolution. We show that the generalization bound for AdaGPR is bounded by a polynomial of the eigenvalue spectrum of the normalized adjacency matrix in the order of the number of generalized Pagerank coefﬁcients. By analysing the generalization bounds we show that oversmoothing depends on both the convolutions by the higher orders of the normalized adjacency matrix and the depth of the model. We performed evaluations on node-classiﬁcation us-ing benchmark real data and show that AdaGPR provides improved accuracies compared to existing graph convolution networks while demonstrating robustness against oversmoothing. Further, we demonstrate that analysis of coefﬁcients of layer-wise generalized Pageranks allows us to qualitatively understand convolution at each layer enabling model interpretations.
Current-independent transition form factors for semileptonic and rare D→ π(K) decays in the light-front quark model

We investigate the exclusive semileptonic and rare D→ π(K) decays within the standard model and the lightfront quark model (LFQM) constrained by the variational principle for the QCD-motivated effective Hamiltonian. The form factors are obtained in the q+ = 0 frame and then analytically continue to the physical timelike region. Together with our recent analysis of the current-independent form factors f±(q) for the semileptonic decays, we present the current-independent tensor form factor fT (q2) for the rare decays to make the complete set of hadronic matrix elements regulating the semileptonic and rare D→ π(K) decays in our LFQM. The tensor form factor fT (q2) are obtained from two independent sets (J+⊥ T ,J +− T ) of the tensor current J μν T . As in our recent analysis of f−(q), we show that fT (q2) obtained from the two different sets of the current components gives the identical result in the valence region of the q+ = 0 frame without involving the explicit zero modes and the instantaneous contributions. The implications of the zero modes and the instantaneous contributions are also discussed in comparison between the manifestly covariant model and the standard LFQM. In our numerical calculations, we obtain the q2-dependent form factors ( f±, fT ) for D→ π(K) and branching ratios for the semileptonic D→ π(K)`ν` (` = e,μ) decays. Our results show in good agreement with the available experimental data as well as other theoretical model predictions.
Prognosis of recurrent bacterial vaginosis based on longitudinal changes in abundance of Lactobacillus and specific species of Gardnerella

Refractory responses to standard-of-care oral metronidazole among recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) patients is not rare, and recurrence within a year is common. A better understanding of the bacterial determinants of these outcomes is essential. In this study we ask whether changes in specific species of Gardnerella are associated with poor short or long term clinical outcomes, and if and how resurgence of Lactobacillus species affects these outcomes. We quantify Lactobacillus isolates as a proportion of total vaginal bacteria using the LbRC5 qPCR assay, and 5 prevalent species of Gardnerella using primers that target species-specific polymorphisms within the cpn60 gene. The study includes 43 BV patients: 18 refractory, 16 recurrent, and 11 remission patients, sampled daily for up to two weeks post-treatment; clinical outcomes were tracked for up to 9 months. Persistently high titers of Gardnerella Gsp07 were associated with refractory responses, and persistently low abundance of Gardnerella Gsp07 and G. swidsinskii / G. leopoldii were associated with remission. Lactobacillus species abundance rose in 4–14 days after initiation of treatment in most but not all recurrent and remission patients, although increases were more sustained among remission patients. The findings suggest that Gardnerella Gsp07 and G. swidsinskii / G. leopoldii are markers of poor clinical outcome or may directly or indirectly suppress recovery of Lactobacillus species, thereby interfering with clinical recovery. Therapies that target these strains may improve patient outcome.
Sensitivity to the initial conditions of the Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory

Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory is mathematically formulated through non-linear coupled time-dependent 3-dimensional partial diﬀerential equations and it is natural to expect a strong sensitivity of its solutions to variations of the initial conditions, akin to the butterﬂy eﬀect ubiquitous in classical dynamics. Since the Schrödinger equation for an interacting many-body system is however linear and mathematically the exact equations of the Density Functional Theory reproduce the corresponding one-body properties, it would follow that the Lyapunov exponents are also vanishing within a Density Functional Theory framework. Whether for realistic implementations of the Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory the question of absence of the butterﬂy eﬀect and whether the dynamics provided is indeed a predictable theory was never discussed. At the same time, since the time-dependent density functional theory is a unique tool allowing us the study of non-equilibrium dynamics of strongly interacting many-fermion systems, the question of predictability of this theoretical framework is of paramount importance. Our analysis, for a number of quantum superﬂuid many-body systems (unitary Fermi gas, nuclear ﬁssion, and heavy-ion collisions) with a classical equivalent number of degrees of freedom O (10 10 ) and larger, suggests that its maximum Lyapunov exponents are negligible for all practical purposes.
sigmoidF1: A Smooth F1 Score Surrogate Loss for Multilabel Classification

Multiclass multilabel classification is the task of attributing multiple labels to examples via predictions. Current models formulate a reduction of the multilabel setting into either multiple binary classifications or multiclass classification, allowing for the use of existing loss functions (sigmoid, cross-entropy, logistic, etc.). Multilabel classification reductions do not accommodate for the prediction of varying numbers of labels per example and the underlying losses are distant estimates of the performance metrics. We propose a loss function, sigmoidF1, which is an approximation of the F1 score that (1) is smooth and tractable for stochastic gradient descent, (2) naturally approximates a multilabel metric, and (3) estimates label propensities and label counts. We show that any confusion matrix metric can be formulated with a smooth surrogate. We evaluate the proposed loss function on text and image datasets, and with a variety of metrics, to account for the complexity of multilabel classification evaluation. sigmoidF1 outperforms other loss functions on one text and two image datasets and several metrics. These results show the effectiveness of using inference-time metrics as loss functions for non-trivial classification problems like multilabel classification.
Adverse effects of biologic anti-inflammatory agents on the respiratory system: A review

Abstract The therapy of autoimmune rheumatological conditions has undergone significant changes with the introduction of biologic antiinflammatory agents including cytokine antagonists and agents that interfere with the function of T and B cells or those that inhibit intracellular enzymes such as Janus kinase (JAK). Although useful to control inflammation, these agents may be associated with druginduced lung disease, which may be difficult to differentiate from pulmonary disorders caused by the underlying autoimmune diseases. This review aims to provide a description of lung disease, both infectious and non-infectious, that may be induced by the administration of biologic anti-inflammatory agents with emphasis on inhibitors of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and JAK.
Thermotherapy Effects on Healthy and Type 2 Diabetes Human Skeletal Muscle Myoblast Cell Lines

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels with associated disordered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) specifically has been shown to cause a decrease in skeletal muscle mass due to oxidative stress. This study investigated a treatment option for T2D through thermotherapy on healthy (HSMM) and T2D (D-HSMM) human skeletal muscle cells. The goals were to determine the effects of thermotherapy, long-term (chronic) and short-term (acute), on HSMM and D-HSMM cell viabilities and oxidative stress. HSMM and D-HSMM cells were grown to confluency, harvested, and counted to determine density. Acute and chronic heat treatments were applied to both cell lines. The chronic treatment consisted of a 30-minute exposure to 40°C, three times a week for three weeks; the acute treatment was a one-time exposure. Oxidative stress assays and cell viabilities were tested 24 hours after heat treatments. Results indicated no significant effect on the cell viability of HSMM and D-HSMM cells. The acute treatment had a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) of MDA concentration compared to the chronic treatment. The chronic treatment had a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in catalase activity compared to the acute treatment. The SOD activity had no significant change (p > 0.05) between the chronic and acute treatments. In conclusion, acute thermotherapy may not be beneficial for skeletal muscle cells due to the observed increase in oxidative stress, especially in the D-HSMM cells.
Dynamic Network Quantization for Efficient Video Inference

Deep convolutional networks have recently achieved great success in video recognition, yet their practical realization remains a challenge due to the large amount of computational resources required to achieve robust recognition. Motivated by the effectiveness of quantization for boosting efficiency, in this paper, we propose a dynamic network quantization framework, that selects optimal precision for each frame conditioned on the input for efficient video recognition. Specifically, given a video clip, we train a very lightweight network in parallel with the recognition network, to produce a dynamic policy indicating which numerical precision to be used per frame in recognizing videos. We train both networks effectively using standard backpropagation with a loss to achieve both competitive performance and resource efficiency required for video recognition. Extensive experiments on four challenging diverse benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed approach provides significant savings in computation and memory usage while outperforming the existing state-of-the-art methods. Project page: https://cs-people.bu. edu/sunxm/VideoIQ/project.html.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the half-fin anchovy, Setipinna tenuifilis (Valenciennes, 1848)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of the half-fin anchovy, Setipinna tenuifilis collected from Yellow and Bohai Seas was determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule 16,668 bp in length, including the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. The termination-associated sequence (TAS), central conserved sequence block (CSB) and CSB are detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most bony fishes.
The case of SU(3) criticality in spin-2 chains

Chengshu Li,1, 2, ∗ Victor L. Quito,3, 4, † Eduardo Miranda,5 Rodrigo Pereira,6 Ian Affleck,1, 2 and Pedro L. S. Lopes1, 2, ‡ 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada 2Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada 3Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA 5Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, The University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil 6International Institute of Physics and Departamento de Fìsica Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil (Dated: February 25, 2022)
Impact of Mesoscale Eddies on Deep Chlorophyll Maxima

Deep Chlorophyll Maxima (DCM) are ubiquitous features in stratified oceanic systems. Their establishment and maintenance result from hydrographical stability favoring specific environmental conditions with respect to light and nutrient availability required for phytoplankton growth. This stability can potentially be challenged by mesoscale eddies impacting the water column's vertical structure and thus the environmental parameters that condition the subsistence of DCMs. Here, data from the global BGC‐Argo float network are collocated with mesoscale eddies to explore their impact on DCMs. We show that cyclonic eddies, by providing optimal light and nutrient conditions, increase the occurrence of DCMs characterized by Deep Biomass Maxima for phytoplankton. In contrast, DCMs in anticyclonic eddies seem to be driven by photoacclimation as they coincide with Deep Acclimation Maxima without biomass accumulation. These findings suggest that the two types of eddies potentially have different impacts on the role of DCMs in global primary production.
Quality of life in Brazilian elderly: an analysis of healthy aging from the perspective of Potter's global bioethics

ABSTRACT Introduction Quality of Life (QOL) is essential for healthy aging and through the WHOQOL-Old, it is possible to analyze factors that increase vulnerability and reduce QOL. Aligned with healthy aging is Potter's global bioethics proposing expanded ethics and social justice. Objective To analyze the QOL of Brazilian elderly from the perspective of Potteŕs global bioethics. Method Analytical observational research with a quantitative approach composed of 280 Brazilian, aged 60 or over, of both gender, volunteers, who answered the WHOQOL-Old online. Result Global score of 77.9%, with the mean ± standard deviation: Functioning of the senses 86% (17.22 ± 2.80); Autonomy 78.5% (15.7 ± 2.60); Past, present, and future activities 77.3% (15.46 ± 2.34); Social participation 74.9% (14.99 ± 2.62); Death and dying 71.6% (14.33 ± 3.88) and Intimacy 79.1% (15.82 ± 2.82). Conclusion Elderly perceived their QOL positively. In the quest to promote healthy aging, it is necessary to broaden the vision for social justice proposed by Potteŕs global bioethics.