Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of internet use, mobile phone, media exposure and domestic migration on reproductive health service use in Bangladeshi married adolescents and young women

Numerous studies have identified factors that are associated with increased access to reproductive health services in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). However, limited studies examined the influence of access to internet or a mobile phone, media exposure and domestic migration on reproductive health services use in LMICs like Bangladesh. This study investigated the role of such factors on the use of contraceptives, antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) by married adolescents and young women in Bangladesh and whether it was varied by area. Secondary data for 1665 married women aged 15–24 years, sourced from the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, were included in both bivariate analyses and logistic regression modelling to examine the role of access to internet and/or mobile phone, media exposure and domestic migration on the outcome variables (contraceptive, ANC and PNC). All regression models were controlled for age, wealth, education and number of existing children. Among all participants, 69.8% were aged 20–24 years and 85.6% lived in rural areas. Of the total sample, 67.5% used contraceptives, 75.7% utilised ANC and 48.7% accessed PNC. Domestic migration significantly increased contraceptive use, with women who had moved locally within the last five years 1.84 times more likely to use contraception than those who had never moved (95% CI: 1.41–2.41, p<0.001). Women with internet or mobile phone access were more likely to receive ANC (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.22–2.00, p<0.001) compared to those without internet/mobile phone access. Media exposure was found to increase the likelihood of receiving ANC in urban areas. No significant influence was found on the use of PNC. Internet/mobile-based platforms are promising avenues for public health messaging regarding ANC in Bangladeshi married adolescents and young women. Further research is required into determinants of PNC service use in low-resource settings.
The Warm Plasma Composition in the Inner Magnetosphere During 2012–2015

Ionospheric heavy ions play an important role in the dynamics of Earth's magnetosphere. The greater mass and gyroradius of ionospheric oxygen differentiates its behavior from protons at the same energies. Oxygen may have an impact on tail reconnection processes, and it can at least temporarily dominate the energy content of the ring current during geomagnetic storms. At sub‐keV energies, multispecies ion populations in the inner magnetosphere form the warm plasma cloak, occupying the energy range between the plasmasphere and the ring current. Lastly, cold lighter ions from the midlatitude ionosphere create the corotating plasmasphere whose outer regions can interact with the plasma cloak, plasma sheet, ring current, and outer electron belt. In this paper we present a statistical view of warm, cloak‐like ion populations in the inner magnetosphere, contrasting, in particular, the warm plasma composition during quiet and active times. We study the relative abundances and absolute densities of warm plasma measured by the Van Allen Probes, whose two spacecraft cover the inner magnetosphere from plasmaspheric altitudes close to Earth to just inside geostationary orbit. We observe that warm (>30 eV) oxygen is most abundant closer to the plasmasphere boundary, whereas warm hydrogen dominates closer to geostationary orbit. Warm helium is usually a minor constituent but shows a noticeable enhancement in the near‐Earth dusk sector.
Success Rates of Finger Revascularization and Replantation

Background: Revascularization surgery has been reported to have a higher success rate than replantation due to sufficient venous return. However, in complex cases, success depends on a wide range of indications. This study aimed to investigate success rates in cohorts that included severe cases. Methods: This single-center, noninterventional, retrospective cohort study included 292 patients (349 digits) who underwent revascularization or replantation at our institution between January 2000 and December 2022. Sex, age, smoking history, comorbidities, affected digit, amputation level, complete or incomplete amputation, type of fracture and mechanism, artery diameter, needle, vein anastomosis in the revascularization subgroup, vein grafting, warm ischemic time, and outcomes were investigated and compared between the revascularization and replantation subgroups of the distal and proximal amputation groups. Results: In the distal amputation group, the arterial diameter in the revascularization subgroup was larger than that in the replantation subgroup (P < 0.05). In the proximal amputation group, the revascularization subgroup had a lower frequency of multiple amputations than the replantation subgroup (P < 0.05). Vein grafts were more frequently used in both revascularization subgroups than in the replantation subgroups (P < 0.05). However, the other injury severity indices were similar, and the success rates were not significantly different between the subgroups. Conclusions: The revascularization success rate was similar to that of replantation. Vein anastomosis or vein grafting to the veins should be advocated for revascularization in severe cases where skin bridges may not have sufficient venous return.
Leveraging first-principles modeling for deeper insights into biomass processing

Demands for sustainable products are increasing due to growing awareness of the environmental liabilities of petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals. This has driven investment in alternative, renewable chemicals from biomass. To enable production of these new chemicals, novel processes and catalysts must be developed to achieve efficient processes with high yields. However, designing catalysts and reactors for biomass presents new challenges in catalysis, including catalysis of highly oxygenated biomass feedstocks with diverse functional groups, and accounting for reactions in the condensed phase. One such process is the “furans platform,” in which biomass-derived sugars are dehydrated to form furan derivatives, which can be modified to form a wide variety of useful fuels and chemicals. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of these furan derivatives, and can be produced from cellulose through isomerization of glucose to fructose, and dehydration of fructose to HMF. Major issues in HMF production include the high cost of fructose, as well as side reactions in dehydration. To address these concerns, we have leveraged electronic structure calculations to better understand (1) solvent effects relevant to HMF stability, (2) the active sites in catalysts for glucose isomerization, and (3) fructose ketalization reaction that boosts fructose yields from glucose via a new catalyst. In the acid-catalyzed dehydration of fructose, the stability of the product HMF was found to be dramatically improved by the addition of certain organic co-solvents, but the fundamental reasons were not understood. To develop deeper fundamental understanding into these interactions and their effects on reaction chemistry, electronic structure calculations are integrated with IR spectroscopy and kinetic studies conducted by experimentalists in the Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation (CCEI).
Aerial Observations of Symmetric Instability at the North Wall of the Gulf Stream

An unusual spatial pattern on the ocean surface was captured by thermal airborne swaths taken across a strong sea surface temperature front at the North Wall of the Gulf Stream. The thermal pattern on the cold side of the front resembles a staircase consisting of tens of steps, each up to ∼200 m wide and up to ∼0.3°C warm. The steps are well organized, clearly separated by sharp temperature gradients, mostly parallel and aligned with the primary front. The interpretation of the airborne imagery is aided by oceanographic measurements from two research vessels. Analysis of the in situ observations indicates that the front was unstable to symmetric instability, a type of overturning instability that can generate coherent structures with similar dimensions to the temperature steps seen in the airborne imagery. It is concluded that the images capture, for the first time, the surface temperature field of symmetric instability turbulence.
Energy Extraction from Low Height Sea Wave in Sarawak near Shore Region

Generating electricity from wave is predicted to be a new source of renewable energy conversion gaining more attention and is considered in various countries as promising renewable resource. Being surrounded by sea, Malaysia has the advantage of tapping energy from the nearest sea wave. However, Malaysia has low wave climate compared to other regions. On top of that, the technologies available for extracting this energy are still in infancy stage. This study explored the potential of generating electricity from low height wave energy. The recorded average electricity can be generated from the lab scale device which is 0.224 V, 0.175 A and 0.039 W. The data collected from Mukah Beach show that the maximum voltage recorded is 1.021 V, maximum current of 0.86 A and highest power of 0.878 W. By comparing results from both locations, the difference is almost 10-fold which validates the wave maker built in laboratory with 1:10 ratio. The standard deviation of all the outputs is small which indicates that the output generation from low height wave would be consistent. Although the output is small, it could be paired together to make a larger system to generate higher output. This study concludes that the developed lab scale model is useful for harnessing electrical energy from sea wave. The future direction of research would be to optimize the current method to maximize energy capture from sea wave. Another direction for future study is to make a system comprised of a large number of such devices to generate higher output.
IODP Expedition 370: Temperature Limit of the Deep Biosphere off Muroto

International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 370 aimed to explore the limits of life in the deep subseafloor biosphere at a location where temperature increases with depth at an intermediate rate and exceeds the known temperature maximum of microbial life (~120°C) at the sediment/basement interface ~1.2 km below the seafloor. Drilling Site C0023 is located in the vicinity of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 808 and 1174 at the protothrust zone in the Nankai Trough off Cape Muroto at a water depth of 4776 m. ODP Leg 190 in 2000, revealed the presence of microbial cells at Site 1174 to a depth of ~600 meters below seafloor (mbsf), which corresponds to an estimated temperature of ~70°C, and reliably identified a single zone of higher cell concentrations just above the décollement at around 800 mbsf, where temperature presumably reached 90°C; no cell count data was reported for other sediment layers in the 70°–120°C range, because the limit of sensitivity in cell counting for low-biomass samples was not high enough. With the establishment of Site C0023, we aimed to detect and investigate the presence or absence of life and biological processes at the biotic–abiotic transition with unprecedented analytical sensitivity and precision. Expedition 370 was the first expedition dedicated to subseafloor microbiology that achieved time-critical processing and analyses of deep biosphere samples by simultaneous shipboard and shore-based investigations. Our primary objectives during Expedition 370 were to study the relationship between the deep subseafloor biosphere and temperature. We aimed to comprehensively study the factors that control biomass, activity, and diversity of microbial communities in a subseafloor environment where temperatures increase from ~2°C at the seafloor to ~120°C at the sediment/basement interface and thus likely encompasses the biotic–abiotic transition zone. We also aimed to determine geochemical, geophysical, and hydrogeological characteristics in sediment and the underlying basaltic basement and elucidate if the supply of fluids containing thermogenic and/or geogenic nutrient and energy substrates may support subseafloor microbial communities in the Nankai accretionary complex. To address these primary scientific objectives and questions, we penetrated 1180 m and recovered 112 cores across the sediment/basalt interface. More than 13,000 samples were collected. Ensuring minimal contamination of potentially extremely low biomass core samples was of highest priority for the research objectives of Expedition 370. Therefore, rigorous quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) efforts and super-clean technologies were implemented, including helicopter transport of freshly taken core samples to the onshore super-clean room facility at Kochi Core Center (KCC).
Correlation between faunal transitions of benthic foraminifera and ballasting of particulate organic carbon by siliceous plankton during the Holocene off San-in district, southwestern Japan

We investigated the biotic response of benthic foraminifera (Rhizaria) to Holocene paleoceanographic changes in a upper bathyal environment by examining fossil benthic foraminifera younger than ~13 ka from core GH87-2-308 (316-m water depth) off San-in district, southwestern Japan. A non-metric multidimensional scaling (nm-MDS) analysis enabled the distinction of three main benthic foraminiferal assemblages and two faunal transitions. The phase 1 to 2 transition at 11.3 ka was characterized by a rapid decrease in species diversity followed by its gradual recovery and a shift toward present-day fauna. The phase 2 to 3 transition at ~7 ka was characterized by continuation of the shift toward present-day fauna as the Tsushima Warm Current developed and approached its present-day form. The nm-MDS axis 1 was negatively correlated with the radiolarian accumulation rate at this site and with the radiolarian and diatom accumulation rates of neighbor core D-GC-6, suggesting that benthic foraminifera responded to ballasting of particulate organic carbon (POC) with siliceous plankton skeletons. Furthermore, a decrease in the benthic foraminiferal accumulation rate during late phase 2 (~9–7 ka), when warm-water planktonic foraminifera were common, can be attributed to a decreased food supply from the surface ocean because of reduced paleoproductivity beneath a warmer, more stratified surface ocean, possibly accompanied by enhanced remineralization of POC, in response to strengthening of the Tsushima Warm Current. Thus, the benthic foraminifera at upper bathyal depth off San-in district appear to have responded to surface oceanographic changes, suggesting coupling of surface and bottom biota.
Denitrification at the microscale in treatment wetlands

Treatment wetlands (TWs) have been in use for over three decades for wastewater treatment, agricultural water treatment, and some industrial wastes. Thousands of TWs exist for treating wastewater globally, but the microbial processes and controls in situ primarily responsible for water treatment are poorly understood. In this study, 16 separate model TW columns consisting of three plant groups and one non-planted group were fed synthetic post-secondary wastewater with half receiving no added carbon and half receiving 0.391 g L −1 as sucrose. Core samples were taken from each of the TW columns and separated into three distinct habitats (roots, gravel, particulates). Each habitat was assayed for its ability to produce N2O, consume N2O, and emit N2O, as well as for denitrification gene abundances (nirS, nirK, and nosZ) and bacterial gene abundance (16S rDNA). The addition of organic carbon to the wetland was found to increase denitrification activity and gene copy abundance in non-root fractions, but organic carbon addition did not affect the root fraction. Plant presence within the TW was found to increase gas assay and gene abundance values in non-root habitats. Differences between three plant species were minor compared to differences attributed to carbon addition and plant presence. Of all habitats, gravel was found to have the highest denitrification activity and denitrification gene copy abundance relative to the number of 16S rDNA copies, as well as the highest ratio of N2O produced to N2O emitted. Implications for this study suggest the gravel and root fractions should be studied in further detail for their ability to accommodate denitrifying microbes.
Determinants of depression in Indian tribal adults: Evidence from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India Wave-I survey

Background & objectives: The tribal populations are vulnerable to mental health issues owing to various reasons. However, limited research has been conducted to assess depression and related determinants among tribal adults aged ≥45 yr (45 years and older). The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and sociodemographic and health determinants of depressive symptoms among the scheduled tribe (ST) population aged ≥45 yr in India. Methods: The present study analyzed the Wave I data of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India conducted between April 2017 to December 2018. The outcome variables in the present study were self-reported depressive symptoms. Two internationally recognised tools, the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) and Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI-SF), were used to obtain the data, however, only the CES-D data are utilized in this study. The present study focused on 12,215 ST individuals aged ≥45 yr from whom information about depressive symptoms was collected and analyzed. Results: Nearly 25 per cent ST population aged 45 yr or older experienced depressive symptoms. The likelihood of experiencing depressive symptoms among the ST population aged ≥45 yr was negatively associated with 10 or more years of education and living with children and others and positively associated with experiencing multiple morbidity conditions. Interpretation & conclusions: Given the substantial burden of depression among the adult ST population, the present study lays emphasis on raising the awareness about depressive symptoms and strengthen the availability of mental health services among the ST community through intensive campaigns and engagement of ST individuals along with other key stakeholders. Higher education, living with spouse and children and a physically active lifestyle can play a crucial role in limiting depressive symptoms among the tribal adults (≥45 yr). It is paramount to regularly screen depressive symptoms and conduct more microlevel studies to evaluate socioeconomic and health determinants of depressive symptoms among ST communities living in different geographic regions.
THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ON UNEMPLOYMENT IN SOUTH SULAWESI

Unemployment is one of major problems faced by all countries, including developed countries. This problem also occurs in all provinces in Indonesia, including South Sulawesi. The unemployment rate in South Sulawesi is even higher than the national level in 2017. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of economic and demographic characteristics on unemployment in South Sulawesi in 2017. While economic characteristics includes Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and city’s minimum wage, demographic characteristics consists of gender, age, status in household, marital status, and education. The data of this research was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of South Sulawesi and the result of 2017 national survey on labor force (SAKERNAS) and was analyzed using logistic regression analysis processed in Stata 14.2. The result shows that variables with tendencies to influence a person to become unemployed in South Sulawesi are GRDP, gender, age, status in household, marital status, and education, in this case senior high school and university graduates are affected. Furthermore, variables that do not have any significant effect on unemployment in South Sulawesi are the city’s minimum wage and education, in this case elementary school and junior high school graduates are not affected. Keywords: unemployment, economic characteristics, demographic characteristics, South Sulawesi
Cationic cholesterol-dependent LNP delivery to lung stem cells, the liver, and heart

Significance Adding cationic helper lipids to lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) increases lung delivery and decreases liver delivery. However, the universality of the relationship between charge and LNP targeting remains unclear. Here, we report that cationic cholesterol-dependent tropism can differ from cationic helper lipid–dependent tropism, along with the development of an LNP that delivers mRNA to the heart as well as lung stem cells. These data provide evidence that charge-dependent tropism may be useful for genetic diseases requiring delivery to multiple tissues.
Limited southward underthrusting of the Asian lithosphere and material extrusion beneath the northeastern margin of Tibet, inferred from teleseismic Rayleigh wave tomography

The northeastern margin of Tibet is of key importance in understanding the uplift and expansion of Tibetan Plateau. In this research, we perform Rayleigh wave tomography from 20 s to 167 s using the data recorded by China Digital Seismic Network and several portable seismic arrays in Northeastern Tibet and adjacent areas. Our resultant 3‐D shear wave velocity model exhibits strong lateral variations in the lithosphere. High shear wave velocities are observed in the mantle of the cratonic Ordos and Yangtze Blocks, as well as the East Qinling Orogen. The Qilian Orogen is underlain by a ∼120 km thick lithosphere of intermediate velocities and a low‐velocity layer of asthenospheric mantle below the depth of 120 km. Low velocities are characteristic in the middle‐to‐lower crust of the Songpan‐Ganzi Terrane and the West Qinling Orogen, possibly representing the crustal flow penetrating the Kunlun Fault. An uppermost mantle low‐velocity zone is found in the same location, indicating either the asthenosphere upwelling or the transitional crust‐mantle boundary layer. Our observations have two tectonic implications. First, the large‐scale eastward Tibetan material extrusion into Eastern China through the East Qinling Orogen is unlikely to be an ongoing process above 200 km depth; second, the southward subduction of the North China Craton toward Northeastern Tibet may not have fully developed in this region. Furthermore, we propose that the difference in the lithospheric strength between the Qaidam Block and the West Qinling Orogen is a critical element to control the tectonics in the northeastern margin of Tibet.