Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Mobility in Individuals With Lower Limb Amputation: An Observational Study

Introduction: Amputation leads to a permanent disability and brings a dramatic change in the life and function of the individual, more so in individuals with lower limb amputation. A lower limb amputation reduces mobility and can make persons dependent on assistive devices like crutches or a wheelchair. Restoring mobility and optimal physical functioning of an individual with lower limb amputation is the most important rehabilitation goal. There are very few studies that have quantified mobility deficits with valid outcome measures, especially in the Indian population. Our study aims to quantify the mobility deficit in individuals with lower limb amputation and add to the scant literature available on mobility values in the Indian population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Individuals with lower limb amputation who attended an orthotic and prosthetic clinic in Vadodara city were recruited for the study. Those individuals who were above 18 years of age and had undergone either unilateral or bilateral amputation, at least six weeks prior to assessment, were included in the study. Those individuals who had total impairment of vision and hearing, cognitive impairment, upper limb amputation, and ankle and foot amputation were excluded from the study. Functional mobility was assessed with the prosthesis worn, using the Timed “Up and Go” (TUG) test. Results: There was a total of 54 individuals with lower limb amputation, 47 males and seven females. The mean age was 47.38±18.83 years. Transtibial (66.67%) was the most common amputation followed by transfemoral (27.8%). The mean TUG score for the total population was 20.19 ± 11.95 sec, for unilateral transfemoral amputation 20.26 ± 12.06 sec, and for unilateral transtibial amputation 20.01 ± 12.31 sec. There was a statistically significant direct relation of the TUG score with age (p=0.02), level of amputation (p<0.01), and length of time prosthesis was used (in years) (p=0.02) and a statistically significant inverse relation of TUG score with the cause of amputation (traumatic, p=0.02, non-traumatic, p=0.03), assistive devices used for mobility (p<0.01), and number of hours the prosthesis was worn in a day (p<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between the duration of amputation and TUG score (r=-0.282, p<0.05) Conclusion: The functional mobility was reduced in individuals with lower limb amputation. There was a statistically significant direct relation of functional mobility with age, cause of amputation, level of amputation, and length of time of prosthesis used, and a statistically significant inverse relation with the number of hours of use of prosthesis in a day and assistive devices used. Individuals who were old, had a non-traumatic amputation, a higher level of amputation, those wearing a prosthesis for a short duration since amputation, who wore the prosthesis for a shorter duration during the day, and who used assistive devices for ambulation in addition to a prosthesis had longer TUG times. As the duration of amputation increased, the time taken for TUG decreased.
Students’ perception about ChatGPT’s impact on their Academic Education

Goal: This study explores the impact of ChatGPT, an OpenAI language model, on undergraduate students in Brazil, aiming to uncover its benefits and challenges in higher education. It investigates students’ experiences and perceptions, providing insights for educators and policymakers in Brazil and beyond. Method: A survey of 206 undergraduate students was conducted to gather data on profiles, usage frequency, and perceptions of ChatGPT’s impact in education. Results: Participants recognized ChatGPT’s value in enhancing productivity, organization, study orientation, code writing, and text revision. Concerns were also raised about user dependency, answer reliability, and ethical considerations. Conclusions: Undergraduate students perceive ChatGPT positively, but are also mindful of its limitations and potential negative effects. Integrating it into education requires careful consideration and the promotion of responsible usage. Educating users on ethical guidelines and addressing concerns can maximize benefits and mitigate drawbacks. This research contributes to understanding the implications, applications, and challenges of incorporating ChatGPT into education, emphasizing the need for further research and a balanced approach.
Correlation of Dental Anxiety Measured by Children Drawing: Hospital Scale and SEM Scale with the Intelligence Quotient Levels Measured by Binet Kamat Test among Children Aged 6–9 Years

Objective: Dental anxiety and intelligence quotient (IQ) are multifactorial entities that affect the behavior of the child in the dental clinic. This study aims to correlate dental anxiety measured by the Children Drawing: Hospital (CD:H) Scale and SEM with the IQ levels measured by the Binet Kamat Test among children aged 6–8 years. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 children, aged 6–8 years that required pulp therapy. The child’s IQ was tested by the Binet Kamat Test. Then pulp therapy of the mandibular molar was performed under local anesthesia. After the treatment session, each child was asked to draw a picture of a person in a dental clinic. The child was given a paper and eight crayons. CD:H scale and Human figure drawing test were used along with the SEM and Frankel scales. Two blinded examiners did the scoring of the drawings: A pediatric dentist and a psychologist. Correlation of the IQ and dental anxiety was done after the collection of results from both tests. Results: Dental anxiety measured by the CD:H scale by the psychologist showed a statistically significant relationship. Conclusion: Dental anxiety measured by the CD:H scale by the psychologist showed a positive correlation.
Six Years Later: Examining the Academic and Employment Outcomes of the Original and Reinstated Summer Pell

The Pell Grant, while offering substantial financial support for low-income students pursuing higher education, historically covered only the costs of two full-time semesters per year and did not include assistance for summer courses. Research has consistently demonstrated that continuous enrollment throughout the academic year enhances college persistence and degree completion. In response to this understanding, the Summer Pell (SP) program was introduced in the summer of 2009, providing eligible low-income students with an additional grant to cover summer tuition and related expenses. However, after a brief period of operation, the SP program was discontinued in 2011, only to be reinstated in 2017. We utilize administrative data obtained from New York City in the context of differences-in-differences analyses spanning both program periods, and find that SP-eligible students exhibited a higher retention rate in the fall of their second year, achieved higher rates of associate's and bachelor's degree attainment, and experienced greater earnings gains up to nine years after college entry compared to SP-ineligible students. Our analysis of heterogeneity further underscores that the benefits of the SP program were pronounced among black students and older students.
Effects of fertilizer treatment on the polyphenol content in maize and velvetleaf competition

The aim of this research was to examine the effect of fertilizer treatment on the content of polyphenols in velvetleaf and maize, grown without use of herbicides under controlled conditions (12h/12h, T 25? /22? C day/night). Plants were treated with organic - F1 and synthetic fertilizers - F2 and F3. The content of total phenols, individual polyphenolic acids and antioxidant activity of plant extracts were examined, as important indicators of the plant condition and its resistance to oxidative stress. The content of total phenols was determined spectrophotometrically (modified Folin-Ciocalteu method). The content of individual polyphenolic acids was determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography method, while measurement of polyphenols antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method. It was established that in maize, the application of fertilizers, neither in monoculture nor in competition with velvetleaf plants, caused statistically significant changes in the content of polyphenolic acids. However, in velvetleaf, the use of fertilizers led to an increase in the content of polyphenolic acids in conditions of competition vs monoculture. The content of chlorogenic, p-coumaric and trans-ferulic acids was statistically, significantly higher in plants of velvetleaf competition vs monoculture, and the content of chlorogenic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids was lower in plants of maize competition vs monoculture. A statistically significant increase in the content of total polyphenols and their antioxidant activity in velvetleaf plants indicates the difficulty of removing weeds from crops, especially resistant populations. The research conducted and the results obtained confirm that weeds in competitive conditions manifest their natural competitive advantage, which is further enhanced by crop feeding.
The Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Community Diagnostic Centres: A Rapid Review

Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of community diagnostic centres as a potential solution to increasing capacity and reducing pressure on secondary care in the UK. Methods: A comprehensive search for relevant primary studies was conducted in a range of electronic sources in August 2022. Screening and critical appraisal were undertaken by two independent reviewers. There were no geographical restrictions or limits to year of publication. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyse data and present findings. Results: Twenty primary studies evaluating twelve individual diagnostic centres were included. Most studies were specific to cancer diagnosis and evaluated diagnostic centres located within hospitals. The evidence of effectiveness appeared mixed. There is evidence to suggest diagnostic centres can reduce various waiting times and reduce pressure on secondary care. However, cost-effectiveness may depend on whether the diagnostic centre is running at full capacity. Most included studies used weak methodologies that may be inadequate to infer effectiveness. Conclusion: Further well-designed, quality research is needed to better understand the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of community diagnostic centres.
Distribution and relative abundance of striped dolphins, and distribution of sperm whales in the Ligurian Sea cetacean sanctuary: results from a collaboration using acoustic monitoring techniques

The distribution and relative abundance of groups of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in the Ligurian Sea cetacean sanctuary, based on acoustic surveys carried out in the summers of 1994-1996, is presented. Abundance indices based on acoustic detections were adjusted for covariates likely to influence the detectability of dolphin vocalisations, such as wind speed, background noise and sea state. Dolphin vocalisation rates were shown to vary diurnally, being higher at night, and this effect was also modelled and removed. Results showed that dolphin groups were fairly evenly distributed throughout the sanctuary, but they were more abundant in offshore waters, peaking at water depths between 2,000-2,500m. Preliminary sightings results also indicated larger-sized groups in offshore regions. Relative abundance does not appear to vary significantly over the summer months. Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) were detected at 4% of monitoring stations, representing at least 61 different group encounters. Although not common, they appeared to be widely distributed in deep water throughout the study area.
Genetic complexity alters drug susceptibility of asexual and gametocyte stages of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial candidates

ABSTRACT Malaria elimination requires interventions able to target both the asexual blood stage (ABS) parasites and transmissible gametocyte stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Lead antimalarial candidates are evaluated against clinical isolates to address key concerns regarding efficacy and to confirm that the current, circulating parasites from endemic regions lack resistance against these candidates. While this has largely been performed on ABS parasites, limited data are available on the transmission-blocking efficacy of compounds with multistage activity. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of lead antimalarial candidates against both ABS parasites and late-stage gametocytes side-by-side, against clinical P. falciparum isolates from southern Africa. We additionally correlated drug efficacy to the genetic diversity of the clinical isolates as determined with a panel of well-characterized, genome-spanning microsatellite markers. Our data indicate varying sensitivities of the isolates to key antimalarial candidates, both for ABS parasites and gametocyte stages. While ABS parasites were efficiently killed, irrespective of genetic complexity, antimalarial candidates lost some gametocytocidal efficacy when the gametocytes originated from genetically complex, multiple-clone infections. This suggests a fitness benefit to multiclone isolates to sustain transmission and reduce drug susceptibility. In conclusion, this is the first study to investigate the efficacy of antimalarial candidates on both ABS parasites and gametocytes from P. falciparum clinical isolates where the influence of parasite genetic complexity is highlighted, ultimately aiding the malaria elimination agenda.
Micropropagation of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) ‘Ganesh’ cultivar from nodal explants.

The present study was carried out to develop a rapid in vitro multiplication protocol using nodal explants. Complete plantlets have been successfully regenerated from node explants. The explants were incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supplemented with different combinations of 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) Indole acetic acid (IAA) and kinetin. Multiplication of node explants was achieved on BAP while from other combinations of growth hormone,. The response of various growth regulators was investigated. The combination of showed the highest rate of shoot induction (100%) and a shoot regenerated about 6 shoots per explants when cultured on MS media supplemented with BAP (4 µM) within 2 weeks. The multiple elongated shoots were obtained on MS basal medium combination of Activated charcoal and growth hormones. Well-developed roots were achieved on MS medium in combination with BAP and IAA as well as 80% of plantlets were survived in the soil successfully in the hardening process. A robust and optimized protocol will be helpful for the mass production of this economical important fruit .
Process parameters optimization for biosynthesis of gibberellic acid using orange waste as an alternative substrate

Gibberellic acid (GA3) is the most important gibberellin that affects various plant developmental processes. As such, it has an international market value of $106 million dollars. However, it is costly in the market because of high downstream processing cost that is linked to its current mode of production via submerged fermentation. Solid-state fermentation, in contrast, minimizes this limitation of cost when optimal process parameters are used. Hence, this study utilized orange waste as a cheap substrate in the bio-production of gibberellic acid through the optimization of three process parameters (incubation temperature, pH and substrate concentration). The study also investigated the interactive effects of these parameters on the yield of gibberellic acid. Using Design Expert® software, a 19-run experiment, varied at five levels, was generated. Accordingly, each fermentation reaction that had been supplemented with 0.03% FeSO4.7H2O and 0.01% (NH4)2SO4 was inoculated with a constant fungal inoculum. The highest yield of gibberellic acid was with a combination of 19.5 g of substrate set at 30 °C incubation temperature with a pH of 5.5. The interaction between the three factors was a linear relationship. The bio-production of gibberellic acid using orange waste as an alternative substrate suggests the possibility of a further reduction in cost of production of high-end value metabolites when proper optimization is carried out.
Redshift measurement through star formation

In this work we use the property that, on average, star formation rate increases with redshift for objects with the same mass – the so called galaxy main sequence – to measure the redshift of galaxy clusters. We use the fact that the general galaxy population forms both a quenched and a star-forming sequence, and we locate these ridges in the SFR–M⋆ plane with galaxies taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in discrete redshift bins. We fitted the evolution of the galaxy main sequence with redshift using a new method and then subsequently apply our method to a suite of X-ray selected galaxy clusters in an attempt to create a new distance measurement to clusters based on their galaxy main sequence. We demonstrate that although it is possible in several galaxy clusters to measure the main sequences, the derived distance and redshift from our galaxy main sequence fitting technique has an accuracy of σz = ±0.017 ⋅ (z + 1) and is only accurate up to z ≈ 0.2.
Trichodesmium latitudinal distribution on the shelf break in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean during spring and autumn

We report Trichodesmium slicks in the South Atlantic associated with fronts produced by the southward displacement of the Brazil Current. For the first time, a relatively high spatial sampling grid of trichomes density is shown over an undersampled region with regard to Trichodesmium. In this study, the distributions of Trichodesmium along the southeastern Brazilian continental shelf break were characterized during four oceanographic cruises and related to seawater temperature, upper layer nutrient concentrations and wind dynamics. Meridional changes in the densities of trichomes followed an expected trend with higher (lower) values found in warmer (colder) and more saline (less saline) water masses. Between 23° and 28°S, large accumulations of trichomes were associated with high temperature, increased phosphate concentrations (>0.08 μM), nitrogen below 2.4 μM, and low wind speeds (<11 m s−1). Maximum densities of 212.6 × 105 trichomes L−1, which are considerably larger than those reported in other studies in subtropical oceans, occurred at stations showing weak water column stability and higher phosphate levels over the upper 25 m. We suggest that shelf break dynamics, which drive and modulate the intensity of the shelf break upwelling, as well as wind divergence at spatial scales of approximately 600 km2, associated with mesoscale activities, may favor Trichodesmium growth and accumulation. On the other hand, Trichodesmium densities were low at latitudes between 28° and 33°S, likely due to either or both the lowest sea surface temperatures and/or out‐competition by the faster‐growing nondiazotrophs.
Influence of Grazing on Canola Grain, Canola Forage Yield, and Beef Cattle Performance

Simple Summary Interest is increasing in grazing winter canola as an alternative crop in winter wheat rotations in the Southern High Plains of the USA and similar environments. In this study, winter cereal rye and winter canola pastures (forage) were compared for two winter growing seasons to determine the relative effect of pasture type on beef cattle performance, along with the effect of grazing on canola grain production. Canola grain yields were reduced by 25% when canola was grazed for approximately one month after grazing was initiated, but before the onset of rapid regrowth in spring. No differences existed for forage mass, nutritive value, or animal performance, although forage mineral composition of canola could be a concern. Grazing winter canola as a dual-purpose crop in semiarid environments is feasible when proper grazing management is applied; a 20–25% reduction in grain yield should be anticipated, but expect animal gains to offset that loss. Abstract Interest is increasing in grazing winter canola (Brassica napus) as an alternative crop in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) rotations in the Southern High Plains (SHP) of the USA and similar environments. In this stidy, winter cereal rye (Secale cereale) and winter canola pastures (forage) were compared for two winter growing seasons at New Mexico State University’s Rex E. Kirksey Agricultural Science Center at Tucumcari, NM, USA, to determine the relative effect of pasture type on late-gestation beef cows and growing yearling cattle, along with the effect of grazing on canola grain production. Canola grain yields were reduced by 25% when canola was grazed until removal approximately one month after grazing was initiated, but before the onset of rapid regrowth after winter (641 vs. 486 kg grain ha−1 for never grazed or grazed canola, respectively, p < 0.0256). No differences existed for forage mass, nutritive value, or animal performance, although forage mineral composition of canola could be a concern. Grazing winter canola as a dual-purpose crop in the SHP and similar environments is feasible when proper grazing management is applied; producers should anticipate a 20–25% reduction in grain yield, but expect animal gains to offset that loss.
Morphotectonic control of the Białka drainage basin (Central Carpathians): Insights from DEM and morphometric analysis.

Abstract The Białka river valley is directly related to a deep NNW-SSE oriented fault zone. According to the results of previous morphometric analyses, the Białka drainage basin is one of the most tectonically active zones in the Central Carpathians. It is also located within an area of high seismic activity. In this study Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based, morphometric analyses were used to investigate the morphotectonic conditions of the watershed. The results reveal the relationships between the main tectonic feature and the landforms within the research area. The lineaments, as obtained from the classified aspect map, seem to coincide with the orientation of the main structures as well as the trends revealed by the theoretical Riedel-Skempton shear model. Base-level and isolong maps support the conclusion that the Białka and Biały Dunajec fault zones exert a strong influence on the morphology of the adjacent area.
The influence of perceived value to customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as an intervening variable on ESSE Brand Users in Manado

In today's competitive business landscape, establishing and maintaining customer loyalty is crucial for the sustained success of brands. This study aims to shed light on how perceived value influences customer loyalty, and how customer satisfaction mediates this relationship. The study employs 100 respondents to gather comprehensive insights from ESSE Brand Users in Manado. The findings show that the perceived value is significant on customer satisfaction but not for customer loyalty while the customer satisfaction is significant on customer loyalty. By exploring the interplay between perceived value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty within the context of ESSE Brand Users in Manado, the study aims to provide valuable insights for marketing practitioners to enhance their strategies. Understanding how perceived value and customer satisfaction impact customer loyalty can help businesses tailor their offerings and customer service to build stronger brand loyalty among ESSE users in this specific market.