Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast-ion transport studies using FIDA spectroscopy at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

A good confinement of fast-ions, i.e. ions with energies above the thermal energy, is essential for the success of fusion devices as it determines, amongst others, the plasma performance and the heating and current drive efficiencies. In case of a turbulent or magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) active background plasma, various mechanisms have to be considered in order to estimate the spatial distribution of the fast-ions: the slowing down and radial diffusion by Coulomb collisions on electrons and ions, the effect of potential fluctuations and the effect of perturbations of the magnetic field structure. These can lead to a broadening of the fast-ion distribution function which is not yet completely understood. At the fusion experiment ASDEX Upgrade, the fast-ions are generated by heating sources such as neutral beam injection (NBI). Their transport properties can be studied by a fast-ion D-alpha (FIDA) spectroscopy diagnostic which has been built in the framework of this thesis. Through charge exchange reactions with neutrals, fast-ions can receive a bound electron and emit Balmer alpha line radiation. This so-called FIDA radiation can be measured with large Doppler shifts and is localized along the NBI path where a high density of neutrals is present. The FIDA diagnostic uses radially distributed lines of sight that intersect, in the horizontal and in the vertical plane, the path of a 2.5 MW NBI heating source. Thereby different parts of the fast-ion phase space above 25 keV can be analyzed. To interpret the FIDA radiation quantitatively, a forward modelling code has been implemented, tested and further developed. The code calculates, based on theoretical fast-ion distribution functions, synthetic FIDA spectra that can be compared to the measurement. In MHD-quiescent plasmas, the possible effect of turbulence on the fast-ion transport has been investigated with the FIDA diagnostic. The measurements obtained under different experimental conditions, such as during onand off-axis NBI heating, are compared to simulations. Thereby a good agreement is obtained when using simulations that describe the broadening of the fast-ion distribution by collisions only. In contrast, simulations that assume an additional diffusion of fast-ions do not fit the experimental data. This reveals that a possible anomalous fast-ion transport, caused by potential fluctuations from turbulence, is small and below the sensitivity of the diagnostic. However, in the presence of MHD-instabilities, a strong radial fast-ion redistribution is observed with the FIDA diagnostic. In particular, in the presence of magnetic reconnection events induced by sawtooth crashes, a radial redistribution of up to 50% of the central fastion population is evidenced that is in agreement with theoretical predictions. The evolution of the redistributed fast-ion population after the sawtooth crash enables to investigate the fast-ion transport properties in the absence of strong MHD activity. Here also, a good agreement is found with the fast-ion diffusion that is caused by collisions only.
A Graph‐based One‐Shot Learning Method for Point Cloud Recognition

Point cloud based 3D vision tasks, such as 3D object recognition, are critical to many real world applications such as autonomous driving. Many point cloud processing models based on deep learning have been proposed by researchers recently. However, they are all large‐sample dependent, which means that a large amount of manually labelled training data are needed to train the model, resulting in huge labor cost. In this paper, to tackle this problem, we propose a One‐Shot learning model for Point Cloud Recognition, namely OS‐PCR. Different from previous methods, our method formulates a new setting, where the model only needs to see one sample per class once for memorizing at inference time when new classes are needed to be recognized. To fulfill this task, we design three modules in the model: an Encoder Module, an Edge‐conditioned Graph Convolutional Network Module, and a Query Module. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we build a one‐shot learning benchmark dataset for 3D point cloud analysis. Then, comprehensive experiments are conducted on it to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model.
The Elusive Governance of Climate Change: Nationally Determined Contributions as Commitments and Negotiating Positions

Since the Paris Agreement of 2016, the international community’s main approach to addressing climate change is for states to determine their own commitments in a pledge and review system. Parties to the Paris Agreement formulate Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), which are documents that give details of their national policies and plans. They are free to formulate and present national policies as they choose, and as a result, there is substantial variation in the content and form of NDCs. This study presents a new framework for assessing and comparing the political meanings of these documents. The framework builds on two distinct ways in which NDCs can be understood. NDCs may be commitments to the international community and domestic actors. Alternatively, they may embody states’ negotiating positions in an ongoing process of national and international interactions. The framework consists of a set of thematic categories to which each sentence of these documents can be allocated. The application of this framework enables us to compare the political content of states’ NDCs systematically. The study demonstrates the validity of the framework by correlating its results with key characteristics of states. The findings also provide evidence for the two distinct perspectives on these documents.
Double-stand DNA foci formation in human skin fibroblasts after high-power THz pulses exposure

We report on the investigation of the biological effects of high-power pulsed broadband terahertz (THz) radiation on human skin fibroblasts. Cells were exposed to THz pulses with peak intensity ~30 GW/cm2 and electrical field strength ~3.5 MV/cm for 1.5 hours. Phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX foci) can be caused by different reasons including DNA double stand breaks, heat induction and can be related to chromosomes stability. However, the γH2AX foci seem to be a proper marker for detection of the effect of intense terahertz pulses on cells. The kinetics of phosphorylated histone H2AX foci post terahertz radiation exposure is analyzed. We found that the number of phosphorylated H2AX foci in human skin fibroblasts remained almost unchanged within 24 hours following terahertz exposure.
The hydrogen molecule wavelength tables of Gerhard Heinrich Dieke

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Fecal Klebsiella pneumoniae Carriage Is Intermittent and of High Clonal Diversity

The Klebsiella pneumoniae complex comprises several closely related entities, which are ubiquitous in the natural environment, including in plants, animals, and humans. K. pneumoniae is the major species within this complex. K. pneumoniae strains are opportunistic pathogens and a common cause of healthcare-associated infections. K. pneumoniae can colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, which may become a reservoir for infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the fecal K. pneumoniae carriage in six healthy individuals during a 1 year period. Stool samples were obtained once a week. Using direct and pre-enriched cultures streaked on ampicillin-supplemented agar plates, up to eight individual colonies per positive sample were selected for further characterization. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for strain characterization. Sequence type (ST), core genome complex type (CT), K and O serotypes, virulence traits, antibiotic resistance profiles, and plasmids were extracted from WGS data. In total, 80 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from 48 positive cultures of 278 stool samples from five of the six test subjects. The samples of the five colonized volunteers yielded at most two, three, four (two persons), and five different strains, respectively. These 80 K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to 60 STs, including nine new STs; they were of 70 CTs, yielded 48 K serotypes, 11 O serotypes, and 39 wzc and 51 wzi alleles. Four of the five subjects harbored serotypes K20 and K47, as well as STs ST37, ST101, ST1265, and ST20, which had previously been linked to high-risk K. pneumoniae clones. In total, 25 genes conferring antibiotic resistance and 42 virulence genes were detected among all 80 isolates. Plasmids of 15 different types were found among 65 of the isolates. Fecal carriage of individual strains was of short duration: 70 strains were found on a single sampling day only, and 5 strains were isolated in samples collected over two consecutive weeks. Two of the five colonized individuals—working colleagues having meals together—shared identical K. pneumoniae types four times during the study period. Our findings point toward the potential role of food as a reservoir for K. pneumoniae in humans.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Gratitude Toward the Organization Scale

Abstract Purpose: Gratitude is an interdisciplinary concept frequently explored in positive psychology, which recognizes gratitude as one of the seven transcendent character forces that promote well-being and life satisfaction. The purpose of the conducted research was to develop the concept of gratitude toward the organization and prepare a tool to study this phenomenon. Methods: The study was cross-sectional. Participants were 802 employees from various organizations. Results: The Gratitude Toward the Organization Scale has a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α was 0.91). Factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of this tool. The dimensions of gratitude toward the organization are distinguished as: (1) gratitude as a commitment to reciprocity and (2) gratitude as a moral norm. The construct validity of this measure was confirmed. Gratitude toward the organization correlated positively with job satisfaction, affective commitment to the organization, organizational justice, and perceived organizational and supervisor support, while being negatively correlated with intent to leave the organization. Conclusions: The obtained results confirm very good psychometric properties of the Gratitude Toward the Organization Scale as a valid and reliable measure for studying the gratitude of employees, which can be successfully used by researchers in Poland.
Students ’ Perceptions of Giving and Receiving Design Critiques in an Online Learning Environment

A common practice in design education settings is participation in crits, or design critiques, in which critical feedback is given about creative works in progress. This paper presents a rationale for Studio Zone, a web-based environment to support design critiques, and results of a study of the software in use in a graduate software design course. We focus on how students perceived design critiques in general, and how they perceived Studio Zone as a tool for participating in critiques in an asynchronous, online environment. Results revealed that critique was a valued activity and that participation in critiques was shaped by social factors such as rapport and perceptions of shared concepts of critique, as well as the constraints of the technology. Students perceived asynchronous critiquing in Studio Zone as providing certain valuable affordances while also voicing some reservations about giving critiques to peers online. These results suggest implications for how critiques should be structured and guided within the context of a course in which students engage in asynchronous and/or face-to-face design critiques.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to premature twins from an asymptomatic mother

Abstract Objectives The incidence of vertically transmitted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could be higher than published. We feel that cases of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission are under-reported. Case presentation We report a case of SARS-CoV-2 in premature monochorionic monoamniotic twins born by caesarean section to an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive mother. Conclusions This case supports the potential for intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as previously reported. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission from reported cases is low; however this may be due to the difficulty disproving horizontal transmission or under-reporting of cases.
Route selection, migration speed, and mortality of silver eel passing through two small hydroelectric facilities

Abstract The European eel is a highly threatened species according the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The recruitment of this species has collapsed over the last fifty years primarily because of the destruction of free migration routes and overfishing. One of the most important factors linked to population decline is mortality during catadromous migration caused by hydroelectric facilities. The aim of the present study was to assess the mortality rate of silvers eel passing through two small hydroelectric facilities. Total mortality at the site was 5%, but it was 15% for fish passing through the two hydroelectric facilities. However, the cumulative mortality in the river basin studied, which has many hydroelectric facilities, indicated that silver eel escapement from the Słupia drainage basin was very low.
Verbal explanations by collaborating robot teams

Abstract In this article, we present work on collaborating robot teams that use verbal explanations of their actions and intentions in order to be more understandable to the human. For this, we introduce a mechanism that determines what information the robots should verbalize in accordance with Grice’s maxim of quantity, i.e., convey as much information as is required and no more or less. Our setup is a robot team collaborating to achieve a common goal while explaining in natural language what they are currently doing and what they intend to do. The proposed approach is implemented on three Pepper robots moving objects on a table. It is evaluated by human subjects answering a range of questions about the robots’ explanations, which are generated using either our proposed approach or two further approaches implemented for evaluation purposes. Overall, we find that our proposed approach leads to the most understanding of what the robots are doing. In addition, we further propose a method for incorporating policies driving the distribution of tasks among the robots, which may further support understandability.
A novel homomorphic RASD framework for secured data access and storage in cloud computing

Abstract In the distributed computing worldview, the client and association’s information is put away remotely on the cloud server. Clients and associations can get to applications, administrations, and foundation on-request from a cloud server through the internet, withstanding the various advantages, numerous difficulties, and issues that endure verifying cloud information access and capacity. These difficulties have featured additional security and protection issues as cloud specialist co-ops are exclusively in charge of the capacity and handling of the association’s information out of its physical limits. Hence, a robust security plan is required in order to ensure the association’s touchy information emerges to keep the information shielded and distant from programmers. Over the globe, specialists have proposed fluctuated security structures having an alternate arrangement of security standards with changing computational expense. Down to earth usage of these structures with low calculation cost remains an extreme test to tackle, as security standards have not been characterized. Methodology – To verify the cloud and deal with all security standards, we propose a REGISTRATION AUTHENTICATION STORAGE DATA ACCESS (RASD) structure for giving security to authoritative information put away on cloud catalogs utilizing a novel security plot, for example, HEETPS. A RASD system involves a stage by stage process-Enlistment of clients, Authentication of the client secret key, and Capacity of information just as information access on cloud registry. When the system is connected to cloud servers, all the delicate information put away on the cloud will end up being accessible just to verified clients. The essential favourable position of the proposed RASD structure is its simple usage, high security, and overall less computational expense. Moreover, we propose a homomorphic-private-practical uniformity testing-based plan structured under a schematic calculation Che Aet DPs. This calculation executes homomorphic encryption with subtractive fairness testing, notwithstanding low computational intricacy. To test the security ability, we tried the proposed RASD system with other existing conventions like Privacy-protecting examining convention, group reviewing convention, verified system coding convention, and encoded information preparing with homomorphic re-encryption convention. Findings – Experimentation-based outcomes demonstrated that the RASD structure not only gives a high-security layer for delicate information but also enables a decrease in computational expense and performs better when compared with existing conventions for distributed computing.
Children's Emotion Recognition Based on Convolutional Neural Network

In this paper, a facial expression recognition model for children was presented. Based on the existing research, this study divides common learner emotions into happiness, concentration, panic and boredom, and builds a large-scale learner emotion database based on this, and proposes a child emotion recognition method based on deep learning. Compared with traditional learner emotion recognition methods, this method has higher accuracy and robustness.
How Do Classifiers Induce Agents to Invest Effort Strategically?

Algorithms are often used to produce decision-making rules that classify or evaluate individuals. When these individuals have incentives to be classified a certain way, they may behave strategically to influence their outcomes. We develop a model for how strategic agents can invest effort in order to change the outcomes they receive, and we give a tight characterization of when such agents can be incentivized to invest specified forms of effort into improving their outcomes as opposed to “gaming” the classifier. We show that whenever any “reasonable” mechanism can do so, a simple linear mechanism suffices.
Nutritional Characteristics and Seed Germination Improvement of the Forage Shrub Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss

Summary Retama sphaerocarpa shrubs form populations that can be an important forage resource during the dry season when pasture shortages are common in certain arid and semi-arid Mediterranean basin regions. The leaves of R. sphaerocarpa were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents. Leaves were also analyzed for the concentration of macro- (P, K, Ca and Mg) and microelements (Mn, Zn, Fe, and Na). According to the contents of CP, NDF, ADF and ADL in the leaves examined, this species could strike an appropriate balance between available feed ingredients for daily nutritional needs of animals. The contents of Ca, K, Na, P, Fe, Mg, and Zn in Retama sphaerocarpa shrubs were found to be high, compared to a number of other forage shrub species. Conversely, the rate of natural regeneration of this shrub in situ was estimated at 2-5%. R. sphaerocarpa seeds are affected by seed coat dormancy that prevents seed germination under natural conditions. The seed germination was assessed at a laboratory after the chemical scarification of seeds by concentrated sulphuric acid in the duration range of 0 min and 240 min. The principal component analysis of data related to the germination ability and seedling emergence showed that the best pretreatment was 120 min immersion in sulphuric acid at 25°C (± 2°C), resulting in 86% of the final germination percentage (FGP) and 14.6 cm of the seedling length (SL). According to the results obtained, this species could be considered a ruminant feed of great nutritive value when drought decreases grazing herbaceous biomass yields. These results should encourage farmers and foresters to integrate R. sphaerocarpa into their planting programs.
Determination of body shape and meristic characters variations in wild and cultured populations of cichlid fish, Oreochromis niloticus, from the Republic of Benin, West of Africa

Abstract This study was designed to assess morphological changes between cultured and wild tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Wild fish samples were obtained from fishermen operating in the waters of the vicinity of the province Parakou, Benin in November 2014, while the cultured samples were obtained from a fish farm in the municipality of Sô-Ava in the Atlantic region of the southern part of the Republic of Benin. Significant differences were observed in all nine morphometric traits measured. Discriminant analysis of morphometric parameters showed high divergence between the populations. The meristic count, however, overlapped broadly showing no divergence between the populations. The morphometric differences between the cultured and wild tilapia, O. niloticus, could have been linked to genetic differences or environmental factors or a combination of these.
BERT4NILM: A Bidirectional Transformer Model for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) based energy disaggregation is the decomposition of a system's energy into the consumption of its individual appliances. Previous work on deep learning NILM algorithms has shown great potential in the field of energy management and smart grids. In this paper, we propose BERT4NILM, an architecture based on bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) and an improved objective function designed specifically for NILM learning. We adapt the bidirectional transformer architecture to the field of energy disaggregation and follow the pattern of sequence-to-sequence learning. With the improved loss function and masked training, BERT4NILM outperforms state-of-the-art models across various metrics on the two publicly available datasets UK-DALE and REDD.
1α, 25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 MARKEDLY ENHANCES CHEMICALLY-INDUCED TRANSFORMATION IN BALB 3T3 CELLS

1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, a hormonally active form of vitamin D3, enhanced methylcholanthrene-induced transformation in BALB 3T3 cells to a much greater extent than 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. This enhancement was probably mediated by a cytosol receptor for 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 which has an equilibrium constant of 28.4pM and a maximum binding of 32.6 fmol/mg protein.