Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Nurses’ Practices and Perceived Barriers Related to Pain Assessment in Critically Ill Patients at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals

Introduction: Inadequate pain assessment and management is a problem in hospitalized patients that impairs their wellbeing. Intensive care unit nurses’ pain practices are affected by several barriers and enablers. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the level of nurses’ practices and perceived barriers related to pain assessment in critically ill patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional design study was used. Purposive sampling technique was employed, including 100 nurses recruited from 8 intensive care units in Baghdad city, Iraq. The study was conducted from September 1st to October 20th, 2022. The pain assessment and management for critically ill patients survey was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings of the current study indicate that nearly half (49%) of the respondents were in the age group of 28-37 years old, with a mean age of 33.73 ± 7.045 years. Three-quarters of the respondents were males and the rest were female. The majority (63%) of the respondents held a bachelor’s degree in nursing. More than three-quarters (76%) of the respondents were married. The majority (31%) of the respondents had 6-10 years of service experience in nursing, and most of them had 1-5 years of experience as a nurse in the intensive care unit. Finally, a high percentage of nurses had training courses about pain assessment and management. Conclusions: This study allowed us to recognize the nurse’s practices and the barriers to effective pain assessment and management. The analysis showed that critical care nurses had an acceptable practice level related to pain assessment and management in critically ill patients. Insufficient numbers of nursing staff, workload, and poor communication were identified as common factors that negatively influenced effective pain management.
The impacts of heather and grassland burning in the Uplands : creating sustainable strategies

Both nationally and globally, UK upland peat is an important store of carbonas well as a source of other important ecosystem services. However,concerns have been raised regarding the stability of these stores.Significant increases in water colour and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)from catchments draining upland peat have been observed across the UK.Unlike many boreal peats, the peat soils of UK uplands are heavily managedfor sheep grazing and recreational shooting. Productivity of theselandscapes has been increased through managed burning of the vegetation.Burning has been linked with increases in water colour and inappropriateburning can lead to ? unfavourable? conditions in these landscapes.This thesis presents the results from a monitoring programme at MoorHouse National Nature Reserve. Results show that burning does not lead todramatic increases in DOC and that longer rotations may have benefits forcarbon by reducing water colour. Increases in the occurrence and changesin the quality of runoff water following burning could help explain changes inwater quality parameters such as DOC.Experimental studies into biomass loss during burning, combined with asurvey of a wildfire, have shown that the production of char is an importantcarbon store that should be accounted for in fire prone upland settings.Modelling studies suggest that rotation lengths of 15 years are suitable forchar production and that on these longer rotations char becomes a moreimportant carbon store than any remaining unburnt biomass or litter.Therefore this work would suggest that longer rotations may have benefitsfor carbon storage and water quality. Longer rotations may be sustainable insome areas but that this is unlikely to be appropriate across the entire of theUK. The caveats to this work should always be presented and localknowledge be consulted when drawing up management plans.
Time‐Evolving Radiative Feedbacks in the Historical Period

We investigate the time‐dependence of radiative feedback in the historical period (since the late 19th century), by analyzing experiments using coupled atmosphere–ocean climate models with historical greenhouse gas, anthropogenic aerosol, and natural forcings, each separately. We find that radiative feedback depends on forcing agent, primarily through the effect of cloud on shortwave radiation, because the various forcings cause different changes in global‐mean tropospheric stability per degree of global‐mean temperature change. The large time‐variation of historical feedback driven by observed sea surface temperature change alone, with no forcing agents, is also consistent with tropospheric stability change, and differs from the similarly large and significant historical time‐variation of feedback that is simulated in response to all forcing agents together. We show that the latter results from the varying relative sizes of individual forcings. We highlight that volcanic forcing is especially important for understanding the time‐variation, because it stimulates particularly strong feedbacks that tend to reduce effective climate sensitivity. We relate this to stability changes due to enhanced surface temperature response in the Indo‐Pacific warm pool.
Modelling spatial variation in leukaemia survival data.

In this article we combine ideas from spatial statistics with lifetime data analysis techniques to investigate possible spatial variation in survival of adult acute myeloid leukemia patients in northwest England. Exploratory analysis suggests both clinically and statistically significant variation in survival rates across the region. A multivariate gamma frailty model incorporating spatial dependence is proposed and applied, with results confirming the dependence of hazard on location.
The Culture Gap: An Analysis of Source, Target, and Global Culture Representation in Indonesian English Teaching Textbooks

Most Indonesian educators are insufficient to address the importance of educating students about other cultures. This problem emerges as a result of foreign language teachers' lack of understanding of how to incorporate culture into language acquisition, particularly in English. This research aims to investigate culture's representation and examine the culture introduced in Indonesian textbooks for senior high school students who learn English as a foreign language. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach with an intercultural perspective, the study systematically analyzes the cultural content and themes present in three Electronic English teaching textbooks: Bahasa Inggris X, Bahasa Inggris IX, and Bahasa Inggris XI revised edition (2017) by Kemdikbud RI. The analysis of the textbooks' contents is conducted using the framework developed by Cortazzi and Jin (1999), specifically focusing on Source Culture, Target Culture, and International Culture. These textbooks were selected as they are widely used in Indonesian senior high schools and are published by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. The findings of the study reveal that the dominance of source culture content is significant, while the representation of target culture and international culture is considerably low. Furthermore, among the 19 cultural motifs categorized as Big Culture and Little Culture, the prevalence of Little Culture themes is most notable. The findings of this research shed light on the existing disparity and call for a more comprehensive approach to cultural education in English language learning. By acknowledging the imbalance and addressing the representation of different cultures, educators can better equip students with intercultural competence and foster a deeper understanding of diverse cultural perspectives.
The multilevel governance of financial instruments in regional development policy: the case of Poland

PurposeThe aim of this article is to investigate how the use of financial instruments influences the development of Regional Development Funds (RFR) in Poland and to assess the maturity and coherence of the regional development financing system in this country.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on the multilevel governance literature and on data collected during 26 in-depth interviews in regional, national and international institutions.FindingsThe authors demonstrate that the use of financial instruments stimulates new kinds of cooperation between several institutions and contributes to the establishment of RFR. The authors also show that the Polish regional financing system is still developing and formulate recommendations about necessary improvements.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this article, in addition to taking up a new, relevant topic for the regional development policy in countries benefiting from European Union (EU) cohesion policy, is the application of the multilevel governance (MLG) concept to explain the development of the Polish regional development financing system. Moreover, the significant added value of this study comes from the use of data collected during 26 in-depth interviews (IDI) in regional, national and international institutions on the use of repayable instruments in regional development policy.
Empowering Foot Health: Harnessing the Adaptive Weighted Sub-Gradient Convolutional Neural Network for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Classification

In recent times, DFU (diabetic foot ulcer) has become a universal health problem that affects many diabetes patients severely. DFU requires immediate proper treatment to avert amputation. Clinical examination of DFU is a tedious process and complex in nature. Concurrently, DL (deep learning) methodologies can show prominent outcomes in the classification of DFU because of their efficient learning capacity. Though traditional systems have tried using DL-based models to procure better performance, there is room for enhancement in accuracy. Therefore, the present study uses the AWSg-CNN (Adaptive Weighted Sub-gradient Convolutional Neural Network) method to classify DFU. A DFUC dataset is considered, and several processes are involved in the present study. Initially, the proposed method starts with pre-processing, excluding inconsistent and missing data, to enhance dataset quality and accuracy. Further, for classification, the proposed method utilizes the process of RIW (random initialization of weights) and log softmax with the ASGO (Adaptive Sub-gradient Optimizer) for effective performance. In this process, RIW efficiently learns the shift of feature space between the convolutional layers. To evade the underflow of gradients, the log softmax function is used. When logging softmax with the ASGO is used for the activation function, the gradient steps are controlled. An adaptive modification of the proximal function simplifies the learning rate significantly, and optimal proximal functions are produced. Due to such merits, the proposed method can perform better classification. The predicted results are displayed on the webpage through the HTML, CSS, and Flask frameworks. The effectiveness of the proposed system is evaluated with accuracy, recall, F1-score, and precision to confirm its effectual performance.
Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on white matter microstructure integrity in mild cognitive impairment patients according to effect modifiers as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease

Background Little research exists on how individual risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affect the intermediate phenotype after transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), despite the importance of precision medicine-based therapeutic approaches. Objective To determine how an application of sequential tDCS (2 mA/day, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, 10 sessions) affects changes in white matter (WM) microstructure integrity in 63 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with effect modifiers such as Aβ deposition, APOE ε4 carrier status, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism status, and sex. Methods We examined individual effect modifier-by-tDCS interactions and multiple effect modifiers-by-tDCS interactions for diffusion metrics. We also evaluated the association between baseline Aβ deposition and changes in WM microstructure integrity following tDCS. Results We found that APOE ε4 carrier status and sex had a significant interaction with tDCS, resulting in increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right uncinate fasciculus (UF) after stimulation. Additionally, we observed multiple effect modifiers-by-tDCS interactions on WM integrity of the right UF, leading to a more pronounced increase in FA values in APOE ε4 carriers and females with Val66 homozygotes. Finally, baseline Aβ deposition was positively associated with a difference in FA of the left cingulum in the hippocampal area, which showed a positive association with the changes in the score for delayed memory. Conclusion Our study shows the differential impact of individual AD risk factors on changes in the early intermediate phenotype after sequential tDCS in MCI patients. This research emphasizes the importance of precision medicine approaches in tDCS for the prodromal stages of AD.
Computationally Designed AMPs with Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity against MDR Acinetobacter baumannii

The discovery of new antimicrobials is necessary to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, especially those that infect wounds and form prodigious biofilms, such as Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising class of new therapeutics against drug-resistant bacteria, including gram-negatives. Here, we utilized a computational AMP design strategy combining database filtering technology plus positional analysis to design a series of novel peptides, named HRZN, designed to be active against A. baumannii. All of the HRZN peptides we synthesized exhibited antimicrobial activity against three MDR A. baumannii strains with HRZN-15 being the most active (MIC 4 µg/mL). This peptide also inhibited and eradicated biofilm of A. baumannii strain AB5075 at 8 and 16 µg/mL, which is highly effective. HRZN-15 permeabilized and depolarized the membrane of AB5075 rapidly, as demonstrated by the killing kinetics. HRZN 13 and 14 peptides had little to no hemolysis activity against human red blood cells, whereas HRZN-15, -16, and -17 peptides demonstrated more significant hemolytic activity. HRZN-15 also demonstrated toxicity to waxworms. Further modification of HRZN-15 could result in a new peptide with an improved toxicity profile. Overall, we successfully designed a set of new AMPs that demonstrated activity against MDR A. baumannii using a computational approach.
Navigating Hybrid Language Learning Realities: Students' Views on Workload & Time Allocation during Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia led a shift in university learning policies towards a hybrid learning model. The objective of this study is to determine how English literature students feel about the workload and time suitability of hybrid learning. The descriptive quantitative research method was employed, with questionnaires serving as instruments. The questionnaire consisted of five Likert items in order to gather information for the research findings. The questionnaire was distributed to 467 out of 870 students enrolled in the English Literature Study Program at Gunadarma University using google form and was analysed using a descriptive approach. Data collection used random sampling technique in the odd semester of the 2021/2022 academic year. Ali’s (2018) three aspects of learning literature were used to categorize the data. The eight courses perceived were categorised into 3 groups, e.g., language structure (ls), rhetorical (r) and contextual knowledge (ck). The research results show that perceptions related to time suitability are very good with an average of 45.30% (ck), 48.68% (r), and 48.9% (ls). The perception of workload also has positive results, with 41.14% (ls), 42.26% (r) and 48.7% (ck). These results indicate that the learning model is feasible and acceptable for language and literature study program. The findings highlighted collaboration and commitment of participants in hybrid learning environments. It also displayed the eight courses that were thought to be required for determining the best teaching-learning strategy to use for hybrid learning. In order to improve these findings, it is suggested that additional research be conducted to investigate students' perceptions of other variables.
A Deep Learning Approach for Estimating SpO2 Using a Smartphone Camera

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the significance of both telemedicine and measuring physiological signals as peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) at home. Aiming to increase the confiability of SpO2 readings performed by smartphones, this study presents a novel deep neural network (DNN) model that predicts SpO2 levels using fingertip videos captured by smartphones. The model was trained and evaluated using the leave-one-out method and compared against the SpO2 values measured by a set of oximeters. The dataset used in this work is a differential of the study, unlike most similar studies which use a breath-holding protocol that presents only a few samples of low SpO2 values; our tests were evaluated using a publicly available dataset in which volunteers’ SpO2 levels were measured in a range from almost 100% to approximately 70% by manipulating the percentage of oxygen inhaled by the volunteers, and the SpO2 levels were kept on lower values for a considerable period of time. The proposed DNN model was compared against multiple variations in the ratio-of-rations (RoR) method and the model proposed by the dataset creators. The results show that the DNN outputs have a strong relationship with the true SpO2 measurements, as indicated by a Pearson coefficient (PC) of 0.95 and a concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.95, and also a small error, measured by a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.92% and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.97%. Compared with the RoR method, which achieved a PC of 0.29, CCC of 0.21, RMSE of 8.83% and MAE of 7.03%, the proposed DNN model exhibits superior performance. Moreover, the proposed DNN model outperforms the model proposed by the dataset authors, which achieved an MAE of 5.00%. These findings demonstrate that the proposed DNN model can accurately predict SpO2 levels using smartphone-recorded fingertip videos with lower error and higher precision than a widely used classical method.
Utilization of E-Resources among the Faculty Members of Engineering Colleges in Salem and Namakkal Districts, Tamil Nadu

This paper discusses the experiences in using electronic resources, time spent for using ICT based resources, places of highly accessing electronic resources, search engines used, satisfaction level of electronic resources, hindrances faced while accessing electronic resources and benefit of electronic resources by the faculty members of engineering colleges in Salem and Namakkal districts. The researcher has chosen 17 engineering colleges from the available 40 colleges, which are established during the years between 1966 and 2006. The majority of the respondent in the engineering colleges have used electronic resources daily.
Agricultural extension services in Bangladesh: a review study

tt~·~~~w~m~~ m~w*-tt~~W~~~*­ Agricultural Extension Service aims to educate the people of farming community in order to improve their quality of life through dissemination of knowledge. technologies, techniques, methods, ideas and useful information through extension system. It assists farm people. through educational process, in improving farm. production methods and techniques, increasing production efficiency and income, improving their levels of living and lifting the social and educational standard of rural life. Agricultural extension services, which encompass public and private sectors, NGOs, research and academic institutions and also the farmers, are the main forces in the processes of technology transfer. The info1 1 mation usually flows from researchers to extension agents and from extension agents to farmers in one direction. and from farmers to extension agents and then to the researchers, in the other direction. As such, agricllitural extension services, which are almost now more than one hundred years old, have become the most real life information system for technology transfer (Qamar. 1999). Technology transfer system has two streams. One flow from farms or farmers (production sites) to the research stations through extension activity and the other ·from research stations to the farmers through the extension activity (Haga, 1999). The above concept of extension is most commonly in vogue throughout the developing and developed countries. Especially in the countries where information technology is not yet well developed. the role of extension wor}{ers is very vital to implement the programs of extension. Agricultural extension activities in less developed countries mostly centered on the performance of the field extension worl{ers. As a result the governments of these countrie's emphasize more on human resource development and improvement of the organizational management through policy guidelines and law. The appendix tables 8 to 12 vide appendices 6 to 10 provide some global information about the number of extension organizations. methods of extension works being followed and the number of extension worl{ers serving in the public sectors.
Destination Marketing and Domestic Tourist Satisfaction: The Intervening Effect of Customer-Based Destination Brand Equity

Abstract A mediation model of the interplay between customer-based destination brand equity and destination marketing in domestic tourists’ satisfaction during a prolonged crisis is presented. The cross-sectional deductive study analyses data from n = 400 South African domestic tourists. The findings clarify destination marketing’s direct positive effect on customer-based destination brand equity and domestic tourist satisfaction. Significantly, customer-based destination brand equity is an explanatory mechanism in destination marketing’s influence on domestic tourists’ satisfaction. This study contributes to the burgeoning but still limited knowledge of the role of destination marketing and destination-oriented brand equity in domestic tourists’ responsive behavior amid crises.
Fluxo de carbono inorgânico dissolvido no rio piracicaba (Sao Paulo) : particao e reacoes de equilibrio do sistema carbonato

The flow of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the Piracicaba River (Artemis sampling station, state of Sao Paulo) was estimated by taking into account the main fluvial components.To this end, equations related to equilibria of carbonate system were applied, and the main involved parameters such as pH, temperature,total alkalinity and discharge during the sampling period were taken into account. The results emphasized that fluvial DIC flow (40,383tC y-1) was controlled mainly by the biogenic processes related to the consumption of atmospheric/soil CO2, including silicate and carbonate weathering. HCO3 - and dissolved CO2 were the dominant DIC species, with a flow of 32,811 (81% of total flow) and 7,557 (19%) tC y-1 respectively, whereas CO3 2- flow was less than 0.1%. In terms of total carbon river flow, the inorganic species represented by HCO3- was higher than the dissolved organic carbon, DOC, which showed an average flow of 22,064 tC y-1. This last figure was mainly associated to domestic effluent contributions.