Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Mycorrhiza Doses and Manure Types on Growth and Yield of Cassava in Gunungkidul

Gunungkidul is a production center of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a carbohydrate source and raw material for food industry. AMF inoculation in cassava plants is known to increase biomass production. However, little studies have been conducted on the response of cassava to mycorrhizal inoculation and organic fertilizer. Therefore, this study was aimed at examining the effects of AMF inoculation and types of manure on the AMF colonization and yield of cassava in Gunungkidul. The research was carried out by planting cassava in Alfisol Gunungkidul arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors, AMF doses of 25g; 50; and 75g/plant; and types of manure i.e. cow, goat, and poultry manure, for five months period. Rhizosphere soil and root samples were analyzed for AMF colonization and the spores number. The results showed that AMF-infected cassava roots combined with cow or goat manure application produced more spores than poultry manure. AMF infection and manure, thus, significantly resulted in better root proliferation, root forehead weight, tuber diameter, and cassava products, than the absence of both treatments. Cow manure combined with AMF at a dose of 25 g/plant significantly affected the dry weight of cassava roots. This study implies that applying AMF and manure provide a substantial contribution on the growth and production of cassava.
Effect of 6 weeks of short intermittent running training versus small-sided games on heart rate variability, aerobic and anaerobic performance in Indian elite soccer players

Background: Soccer is characterized by long periods of low to moderate intensity activity interspersed with periods of high-intensity actions, such as single and repeated sprints. Therefore, a well-prepared soccer player must be able to endure long periods of low- to moderate intensity activity and sustain periods of explosive match effort intensification. Objective: To evaluate the effects of 6-weeks short interval running training and Small Sided Games on Heart Rate Variability measurements, aerobic capacity and performance in well trained Indian elite soccer players. Methods: A pretest – posttest experimental design was used in our study. 90 elite male soccer players was assigned into three groups by computer generated block randomization. Group I- Short Interval running Training (N-30), Group II- Small sided game Training (N-30) and Group III- Generic Training (control group, N-30). Autonomic control by HRV, vertical jump height, agility, 10m-30m sprint performance and VO2max by multistage fitness test was analysed. Result: Pre- intervention and post- intervention results was analysed and compared. The difference in agility, vertical jump height, 10m sprint time and VO2max was more in the SIRT group as compared the SSG and Generic (control) group. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.001).
EFFECT OF WEED CONTROL TREATMENTS, SOWING DATE AND SOWING METHOD ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) IN SUDAN SAVANNA OF NIGERIA

Field experiment was conducted during 2016, 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons at the Research Farm of National Institute for Horticultural Research (NIHORT) Bagauda (Latitude 11̊ 33ꞌ N and Longitude 8̊ 23ꞌ E, 481m above sea level) Kano, in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of weed control treatments, sowing dates and methods on the growth and yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. ). The experiment consisted of three (3) sowing date (late June, early July and late July), three (3) sowing methods (broadcasting, drilling and dibbling) and six weed control treatment (atrazine at 0.8 or 1.2kg a.i.ha-1, 2,4-D at 0.5 or 0.75kg a.i. ha-1, two hoe weeding at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) and weedy check). These were laid out in a split-split-plot design and replicated three (3) times. Sowing dates were assigned to main plot, sowing methods to subplot while weed control to sub-sub plots. The results revealed that sowing on late June and early July produced significantly taller plant and higher grain yield. Broadcasting produced higher number of tillers (m-2) and grain yield in 2016 (887.3kg ha-1), 2017 (1230.0kg ha-1) and 2018 (1255.0kgha-1). Furthermore, two hoe weeding produced significantly higher grain yield (kgha-1) in all the seasons which were statistically similar with plots treated with atrazine at 1.2kg a.i. ha-1 and those treated with 2,4-D at 0.5 and 0.75kg a.i. ha-1. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that finger millet should be sown between late June to early July by broadcasting method and application of either atrazine at 1.2 kg a.i. ha-1 pre-emergence or 2,4-D at 0.5kg a.i. ha-1 post-emergence for higher grain yield (kgha-1).
All-Optical Distributed MIMO for LiFi: Spatial Diversity Versus Spatial Multiplexing

LiFi or networked optical wireless communication is likely to play an important role in offloading mobile data traffic from radio into the optical spectrum. As the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is growing, the RF spectrum becomes a rare resource. Imaging IoT sensors like cameras, ultrasonic devices, and Lidars have real-time requirements, need a high-capacity uplink, and operate in environments that cause or are sensitive against electromagnetic interference. In this paper, for the first time, we present realtime communication over an all-optical fixed-wireless LiFi link based on the distributed multiple-input multiple-output concept. For distributing the wireless signals, plastic optical fibers are used as an analog front-haul. We study the operation of the distributed multiple-input multiple-output link in two modes, i.e., spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing. For the diversity mode, a new combiner is presented, which can support equal gain as well as selection combining. We demonstrate that selection combining is highly effective and enables a similar LiFi performance in up- and downlink, as it is desirable for industrial applications. For the spatial multiplexing mode, we observe that the channel rank and the achievable throughput depend strongly on the user location. As effective solutions, we study the benefits of angular diversity and multiple-input multiple-output mode switching together with multi-user multiplexing and conclude that a dynamic switching between spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing is a practical approach.
Learnable Sparse Filterbank for Speaker Verification

Recently, feature extraction with learnable filters was extensively investigated with speaker verification systems, with filters learned both in time-and frequency-domains. Most of the learned schemes however end up with filters close to their initialization (e.g. Mel filterbank) or filters strongly limited by their constraints. In this paper, we propose a novel learnable sparse filterbank, named LearnSF, by exclusively optimizing the sparsity of the filterbank, that does not explicitly constrain the filters to follow pre-defined distribution. After standard pre-processing (STFT and square of the magnitude spectrum), the learnable sparse filterbank is employed, with its normalized outputs fed into a neural network predicting the speaker identity. We evaluated the performance of the proposed approach on both VoxCeleb and CNCeleb datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LearnSF compared to both widely-used acoustic features and existing parameterized learnable front-ends.
Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Reassessment of Pyrgidium (Mycocaliciales) and Investigation of Ascospore Morphology

Mycocaliciales comprise non-lichenized either saprotrophic or lichenicolous fungi which occur in temperate and tropical regions. The mazaediate, saprotrophic and monospecific genus, Pyrgidium, is currently assigned to this order, yet the phylogenetic placement of the genus has remained uncertain due to the absence of molecular data. In order to investigate the systematic position of Pyrgidium, two specimens collected in Brazil and Thailand, respectively, were used to generate mtSSU, SSU, LSU and ITS sequences. However, given that most other representatives of this order only have LSU and ITS sequences available, the phylogenetic reconstruction was limited to these two markers. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed placement of the genus within Mycocaliciales, the genus possessing a sister group relationship with the lichenicolous genus Sphinctrina. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided, including those for type specimens of the various synonyms subsumed under the hitherto only accepted species, Pyrgidium montellicum (Beltr.) Tibell. The ascospore morphology was investigated using compound and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed for the ascospore size using PC-ORD 7. The molecular data and re-examination of the type specimens support the monospecific nature of this genus.
Convolutional Recurrent Smart Speech Enhancement Architecture for Hearing Aids

Speech enhancement is the process of removing noise to improve speech quality and intelligibility for applications including hearing aids. Many deep neural networks for speech enhancement have shown great ability in eliminating noise, regardless of its type. In hearing aids, this process may result in removing important noise used in emergency situations, such as fire alarms and car horns. In order to prevent this, a smart speech enhancement architecture is presented in this paper, where a convolution based noise classifier is used to detect emergency noise and activates the speech enhancement model to run in an audio enhancement mode, in which both the emergency noise and the speech are the target system output. The developed speech enhancement model is a deep convolutional recurrent network with several dilated layers to improve feature extraction without increasing network complexity. The results show that the speech enhancement model outperforms state of the art architectures by a 0.22 increase in the PESQ score. Moreover, the smart speech enhancement architecture improves speech and emergency noise quality when evaluated using objective metrics for both normal and hearing-impaired listeners.
Measurement of Stress Relief during Scented Cosmetic Product Application Using a Mood Questionnaire, Stress Hormone Levels and Brain Activation

Nowadays, consumers’ well-being plays a decisive role in the purchase of cosmetic products. Although factors influencing consumers' well-being are very subjective, companies strive to develop their products in such a way that a positive effect is likely. Therefore, methods are required to objectively explore and scientifically prove the product’s performance on humans. In this placebo-controlled study, a method was developed to evaluate relaxation or stress relief associated with one olfactory ingredient of a cosmetic product (face cream). Our experimental protocol included product testing in 25 healthy females, while an emotion questionnaire, analysis of saliva samples regarding the concentration of the hormones cortisol and α-amylase and mobile EEG measurement for quantification of the alpha brain waves before and after stress induction were conducted. It was shown that with this experimental design, the sample with the ingredient produced significant stress relief, as evidenced by significantly less negative emotion, significantly lowered cortisol levels and showed a trend towards a significant increase in alpha activity compared to placebo application. Our data provide evidence that this method is suitable for analyzing the differences between the two samples. In the future, this method can be utilized in the current or a further optimized form to evaluate the psychophysiological effects of cosmetic products on humans.
effect of home visit on the learning outcomes of class 3 students in SD IQ Al-Islam

Background: Home environment as the first place of education for students should be able to provide a good role for its development. In fact, it is realized that there are still many problematic families or home environments that cause problems for students, especially in the learning process at school. Students' problems can be seen from where the problems come from, both from relationships in the family and family situations. Family problems and family situations can affect students in school in terms of learning concentration and school activities, resulting in decreased student achievement. Therefore, guidance and counseling teachers need to carry out home visits. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of implementing a home visit on student learning outcomes. Design and methods: This study uses quantitative research where data collection in the field is carried out by means of a questionnaire (Questionnaire). The object of this research is the home visit service and the learning outcomes of grade 3 students at SD IQ Al-Islam. The location in this study was conducted at SD IQ Al-Islam and the time of the study was conducted in November 2020. Results: The results of this study indicate that the implementation of a home visit has a positive effect on student learning outcomes by 96% in grade 3 SD IQ Al-Islam, meaning the better the implementation of the home visit will improve student learning outcomes.
Growth Performance, Digestive Efficiency, and Meat Quality of Two Commercial Crossbred Rabbits Fed Diets Differing in Energy and Protein Levels

Simple Summary The nutritional composition of the diets for growing rabbits should be well-balanced, both to meet the requirements of the high-producing hybrids currently used and to avoid nutrient losses. The improvement of the feed conversion ratio represents a key point in increasing rabbit farmers’ profitability because of the high feeding costs. This study evaluated the growth performance, digestive efficiency and meat quality of growing rabbits belonging to the most diffused commercial crossbred rabbit breeds, Grimaud and Hyla, feeding them diets with different energy and protein levels. The two genotypes showed similar growth performance, but Grimaud rabbits achieved higher slaughter yield than Hyla rabbits. The administration of high-energy diets improved feed conversion and increased nutrient digestibility. Conversely, low dietary protein contents reduced nitrogen excretion without negative effects on growth, feed efficiency and carcass traits of fast-growing rabbits. Abstract The present study evaluated the effect of digestible energy (DE) and crude protein (CP) levels on growth, digestive efficiency, slaughter yield and meat quality in growing rabbits of two genotypes (Grimaud, G vs. Hyla, H). A total of 384 crossbred rabbits (192 G and 192 H), half males and half females, were divided into eight experimental groups according to a bi-factorial arrangement (2 genotypes × 4 diets; 48 animals/group) and reared in individual cages. From 33 to 64 days of age, rabbits were fed four diets obtained by combining two DE levels (high, HE—10.9 MJ/kg vs. low, LE—9.2 MJ/kg, on average) and two CP levels (high, HP—159 g/kg vs. low, LP—144 g/kg, on average). Then, all rabbits received the same fattening diet (10.7 MJ DE/kg; 156 g CP/kg) until slaughtering (77 days of age). Growth performance did not differ between genotypes for the entire trial (on average final live weight 3010 g; daily weight gain 50.5 g/d), but H rabbits showed a faster growth during the post-weaning period (p ≤ 0.01) compared to G rabbits, while exhibiting lower slaughter yield and lower carcass fatness (p ≤ 0.01). As DE level increased, feed intake decreased and feed conversion improved (p < 0.001), while caecal volatile fatty acid concentration increased and caecal pH and N-ammonia decreased (p ≤ 0.01). The reduction in the CP level did not affect performance and carcass traits. No significant interaction was detected between genotype and diet. In conclusion, G rabbits may have an advantage over H rabbits because of the higher slaughter yield. As for the nutritional characteristics of diets for high-producing crossbred rabbits, high energy levels are confirmed to enhance feed efficiency, whereas dietary CP can be reduced to 144 g/kg without negative effects on performance and carcass traits.
Multi-Channel Metabolomics Analysis Identifies Novel Metabolite Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Fatty Liver Disease in Dairy Cows

Fatty liver disease, a type of metabolic disorder, frequently occurs in dairy cows during the parturition period, causing a high culling rate and, therefore, considerable economic losses in the dairy industry owing to the lack of effective diagnostic methods. Here, metabolite biomarkers were identified and validated for the diagnosis of metabolic disorders. A total of 58 participant cows, including severe fatty liver disease and normal control groups, in the discovery set (liver biopsy tested, n = 18), test set (suspected, n = 20) and verification set (liver biopsy tested, n = 20), were strictly recruited and a sample collected for their feces, urine, and serum. Non-targeted GC-MS-based metabolomics methods were used to characterize the metabolite profiles and to screen in the discovery set. Eventually, ten novel biomarkers involved in bile acid, amino acid, and fatty acid were identified and validated in the test set. Each of them had a higher diagnostic ability than the traditional serum biochemical indicators, with an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.830 ± 0.0439 (n = 10) versus 0.377 ± 0.182 (n = 9). Especially, combined biomarker panels via different metabolic pipelines had much better diagnostic sensitivity and specificity than every single biomarker, suggesting their powerful utilization potentiality for the early detection of fatty liver disease. Intriguingly, the serum biomarkers were confirmed perfectly in the verification set. Moreover, common biological pathways were found to be underlying the pathogenesis of fatty liver syndrome in cattle via different metabolic pipelines. These newly-discovered and non-invasive metabolic biomarkers are meaningful in reducing the high culling rate of cows and, therefore, benefit the sustainable development of the dairy industry.
Continuous Intracorneal Ring Implantation in Keratoconus: Efficacy, Predictive Factors, and Complications

Purpose To examine the clinical outcomes, predictors of visual improvement and complications of continuous intracorneal ring (ICCR) implantation in patients with keratoconus and confirmed contact-lens intolerance (CLI). Methods This nonrandomized, multi-centric, retrospective cohort study examined visual, keratometric and clinical outcomes evaluated after a minimum follow-up of 2 months. Among the inclusion criteria for the standard treatment group (STG) were corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) <20/25 Snellen, no central corneal scars, minimum corneal thickness >350µm, and central mean keratometry reading (meanK) <55 diopters. All other eyes were classified as non-standard treatment group. Results A total of 118 eyes of 118 patients with aged 32 ± 11 years were included in this study. At a median follow-up of 161 days (interquartile range: 111–372 days) ICCR implantation improved the CDVA from a mean of 0.38 to 0.15 logMAR (p<0.0001). Our correlation analysis showed lower preoperative CDVA to be the single best predictor of CDVA improvement, with eyes of a CDVA of 20/80 or lower improving by 4.3 ± 2.0 lines on average. Eyes with a meanK >55 diopters gained 9.04±4.83 lines in UDVA and 2.86±3.09 lines in CDVA. However, postoperatively these eyes had a CDVA of 0.32±0.21 logMAR which is significantly inferior to the STG outcome (p=0.001372). Fifteen eyes (12.7%) had to undergo a ring exchange procedure because of refractive under- (9 eyes) or overcorrection (6 eyes). Two eyes (1.7%) experienced medical complications. Conclusion This study confirms the inclusion criteria of ICCR implantation in KC eyes with CDVA <20/25 and CLI. Particularly in eyes with a preoperative CDVA <20/80 and a meanK <55 diopters, ICCR implantation should be considered due to its reversibility and low rates of serious complications. The main challenge remains in the low predictability of the magnitude of this improvement in eyes with CDVA >20/30.
CEO MACHIAVELLIANISM AND STARTUP PERFORMANCE: UPPER ECHELONS THEORY’S PERSPECTIVE

Startups are important for economic growth and prosperity. Since they are led by their chief executive officers (CEOs) and particularly the tech-startups deal in a dynamic environment which asks for strategic flexibility and consideration of environmental changes for superior firm performance. Considering the importance of the issue, the present study attempted to examine the role of CEO’s Machiavellian personality trait in determining firm performance. Additionally, the mediating role of strategic flexibility between the association of CEO Machiavellianism and firm performance was also tested. Moreover, the moderating role of environmental dynamism was also tested between the relationship of CEO Machiavellianism and strategic flexibility. Data were collected from CEOs of startups and subjected to PLS-SEM for data analysis. The results of the study revealed that CEO Machiavellianism is not significantly associated with firm performance, however, the relationship between Machiavellianism and firm performance was significantly mediated by strategic flexibility. Additionally, results also revealed that environmental dynamism is a significant moderator between the relationship of Machiavellianism and strategic flexibility.
PYRAMIDAL OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND CASH FLOW WEDGE: EVIDENCE FROM FAMILY BUSINESS GROUPS OF PAKISTAN

This study examines the ownership structure and cash flow wedge of ultimate controlling owners in firms affiliated with family business groups of Pakistan. The study uses unique handpicked data comprising a sample of 181 group affiliated, 112 stand-alone, 21 foreign, and 12 state owned non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange for a period of 2008-17. The study finds high degree of ownership concentration particularly in 53 family business groups. The study also finds that controlling shareholders own over 20 percent shareholdings in 60 percent of all sample firms and families own 50 percent or more shareholdings in 44 percent of group affiliated firms. The novel contribution of this study is to systematically identifying the ownership affiliation of all family business groups, developing the pyramidal ownership structure of prominent family businesses and finding the difference in voting and cash flow rights which creates significant wedge for controlling family owners. This has strong implications for regulators to ensure effective implementation of regulations as well as minority shareholders and dispersed investors for cognizant investment decision making.
GENERATING SETS OF AFFINE GROUPS OF LOW GENUS

We describe a new algorithm for computing braid orbits on Nielsen classes. As an application we classify all families of affine genus zer o systems; that is all families of coverings of the Riemann sphere by itself such that the monodromy group is a primitive affine permutation group. Let G be a finite group. By a G-curve we mean a compact, connected Riemann surface X of genus g such that G ≤ Aut(X). By a G-cover we mean the natural projectionof G-curve X to its orbifold X/G. In our situation X/G is a Riemann surface of genus g0 andis a branched cover. We are interested in Hurwitz spaces which are moduli spaces of G-covers. By H in r (G,g0) we mean the Hurwitz space of equivalance classes of G-covers which are brached over r points, such that g(X/G) = g0. We are mostly interested in the case g0 = 0 in which case we will simply write H in (G). Hurwitz spaces are used to study the moduli space Mg of curves of genus g. For example Hurwitz himself showed the connectedness of Mg by first showing that every curve admits a simple cover onto P 1 C and then showing that the Hurwitz space of simple covers is connected. The study of Hurwitz spaces is also closely related to the inverse problem of Galois theory. The precise connection was given by Fried and Volklein in (7).