Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hip adduction and abduction strength in youth male soccer and basketball players with and without groin pain in the past year

The objectives of this study were to 1) assess the differences between youth soccer and basketball players with and without past year groin pain (GP) in hip adduction and abduction strength and several training characteristics (age at the start of regular training, weekly training frequency, warm-up and training duration, use of stretching and/or stabilisation exercises during warm-up, use of resistance training); 2) present strength reference values for youth soccer and basketball players. 227 players participated (age 16.9 ± 1.4 years; height 184.2 ± 8.5 cm; mass 75.5 ± 11.9 kg). Hip adduction and abduction strength was measured in supine position (hip, knee and ankle in neutral position) using a MuscleBoard dynamometer. Interlimb asymmetries and hip adduction:abduction ratios were calculated. Past year GP and training characteristics were assessed with a retrospective questionnaire. 11.9% of players reported past year GP (16.9% in soccer and 6.4% in basketball). The only significant difference between the past year GP and the control groups was found in the age of the players at the start of regular training (7.2 ± 1.8 years for the GP group vs. 8.5 ± 2.6 years for the control group). Additionally, soccer players without past year GP have significantly higher hip adduction strength (1.1 ± 0.2 Nm/kg vs. 1.0 ± 0.2 Nm/kg) and adduction:abduction strength ratio (1.10 ± 0.18 vs. 1.03 ± 0.16) compared to basketball players. Our results show that hip adduction and abduction strength, interlimb asymmetry and hip adduction:abduction ratio do not differentiate between players with and without past year GP (p = 0.29–0.90), which means that their adduction or abduction strength can be analysed regardless of the GP presence in the past year. Additionally, players with past year GP started regularly training at significantly lower age, which could indicate the problematic nature of early/premature sports specialisation.
Pharmacological investigations of effort-based decision-making in humans: Naltrexone and nicotine

Many mental health disorders are characterized by an impaired ability, or willingness, to exert effort to obtain rewards. This impairment is modeled in effort-based decision tasks, and neuropharmacological studies implicate dopamine in this process. However, other transmitter systems such as opioidergic and cholinergic systems have received less attention. Here, in two separate studies we tested the acute effects of naltrexone and nicotine on effort-based decision-making in healthy adults. In Study 1, we compared naltrexone (50mg and 25mg) to placebo, and in Study 2, a pilot study, we compared nicotine (7mg) to placebo. In both studies, participants completed the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT), which measured effort-based decision-making related to monetary rewards. Although subjects expended greater effort for larger reward magnitude and when there was a higher probability of receiving the reward, neither naltrexone nor nicotine affected willingness to exert effort for monetary rewards. Although the drugs produced significant and typical drug effects on measures of mood and behavior, they did not alter effort-based decision-making. This has implications both for the clinical use of these drugs, as well as for understanding the neuropharmacology of effort-related behavior.
Fentanyl effects on respiratory neuron activity in the dorsolateral pons

Opioids suppress breathing through actions in the brainstem, including respiratory-related areas of the dorsolateral pons, which contain multiple phenotypes of respiratory patterned neurons. The discharge identity of dorsolateral pontine neurons that are impacted by opioids is unknown. To address this, single neuronal units were recorded in the dorsolateral pons of arterially perfused in situ rat preparations that were perfused with an apneic concentration of the opioid agonist fentanyl, followed by the opioid antagonist naloxone. Dorsolateral pontine neurons were categorized based on respiratory-associated discharge patterns, which were differentially affected by fentanyl. Inspiratory neurons and a subset of inspiratory/expiratory phase spanning neurons were either silenced or had reduced firing frequency during fentanyl-induced apnea, which was reversed upon administration of naloxone. In contrast, the majority of expiratory neurons continued to fire tonically during fentanyl-induced apnea, albeit with reduced firing frequency. Additionally, pontine late-inspiratory and post-inspiratory neuronal activity was absent from apneustic-like breaths during the transition to fentanyl-induced apnea and the naloxone-mediated transition to recovery. Thus, opioid-induced deficits in respiratory patterning may occur due to reduced activity of pontine inspiratory neurons, whereas apnea occurs with loss of all phasic pontine activity and sustained tonic expiratory neuron activity.
Controlling the dynamics of a coupled atom-cavity system by pure dephasing

The influence of pure dephasing on the dynamics of the coupling between a two-level atom and a cavity mode is systematically addressed. We have derived an effective atom-cavity coupling rate that is shown to be a key parameter in the physics of the problem, allowing to generalize the known expression for the Purcell factor to the case of broad emitters, and to define strategies to optimize the performances of broad emitterbased single-photon sources. Moreover, pure dephasing is shown to be able to restore lasing in presence of detuning, a further demonstration that decoherence can be seen as a fundamental resource in solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics, offering appealing perspectives in the context of advanced nanophotonic devices. We propose experimental strategies to develop a versatile device that can be operated either as a single-photon source or as a laser, based on the control by decoherence of the coupling between a single quantum dot and a solid-state cavity.
Stimulation of naïve B cells with a fusion protein consisting of FlaA and Bet v 1 induces regulatory B cells ex vivo

The experimental fusion protein rFlaA:Betv1 was shown to efficiently suppress allergen‐specific sensitization in mice. However, the detailed mechanism of rFlaA:Betv1‐mediated immune modulation is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of rFlaA:Betv1 on naïve murine B cells.
On Event Structure

solving some problems也at are alleged to be syntactic in nature. Event stmcture is, roughly speaking, lexical semantics of a predicate and its relationship withits participants. This lexical semantic specification of a predicate is next mapped to argument stmcture, which specifies how many arguments that a given predicate takes or selects. Let us start by examining one concrete example. Grimshaw and Vikner (1988)notethat
UNDERSTANDING BLACK HOLE MASS ASSEMBLY VIA ACCRETION AND MERGERS AT LATE TIMES IN COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS

Accretion is thought to primarily contribute to the mass accumulation history of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) throughout cosmic time. While this may be true at high redshifts, at lower redshifts and for the most massive black holes (BHs) mergers themselves might add significantly to the mass budget. We explore this in two disparate environments—a massive cluster and a void region. We evolve SMBHs from 4 > z > 0 using merger trees derived from hydrodynamical cosmological simulations of these two regions, scaled to the observed value of the stellar mass fraction to account for overcooling. Mass gains from gas accretion proportional to bulge growth and BH–BH mergers are tracked, as are BHs that remain “orbiting” due to insufficient dynamical friction in a merger remnant, as well as those that are ejected due to gravitational recoil. We find that gas accretion remains the dominant source of mass accumulation in almost all SMBHs; mergers contribute 2.5% ± 0.1% for all SMBHs in the cluster and 1.0% ± 0.1% in the void since z = 4. However, mergers are significant for massive SMBHs. The fraction of mass accumulated from mergers for central BHs generally increases for larger values of the host bulge mass: in the void, the fraction is 2% at M*, bul = 1010 M☉, increasing to 4% at M*, bul ≳ 1011 M☉, and in the cluster it is 4% at M*, bul = 1010 M☉ and 23% at 1012 M☉. We also find that the total mass in orbiting SMBHs is negligible in the void, but significant in the cluster, in which a potentially detectable 40% of SMBHs and ≈8% of the total SMBH mass (where the total includes central, orbiting, and ejected SMBHs) is found orbiting at z = 0. The existence of orbiting and ejected SMBHs requires modification of the Soltan argument. We estimate this correction to the integrated accreted mass density of SMBHs to be in the range 6%–21%, with a mean value of 11% ± 3%. Quantifying the growth due to mergers at these late times, we calculate the total energy output and strain from gravitational waves emitted by merging SMBHs, and obtain a signal potentially detectable by pulsar timing arrays.
THE ORIGIN OF THE X-RAY EMISSION FROM THE HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUD MS30.7−81.4−118

A soft X-ray enhancement has recently been reported toward the high-velocity cloud MS30.7−81.4−118 (MS30.7), a constituent of the Magellanic Stream. In order to investigate the origin of this enhancement, we have analyzed two overlapping XMM-Newton observations of this cloud. We find that the X-ray enhancement is ∼6′ or ∼100 pc across, and is concentrated to the north and west of the densest part of the cloud. We modeled the X-ray enhancement with a variety of spectral models. A single-temperature equilibrium plasma model yields a temperature of and a 0.4–2.0 keV luminosity of 7.9 × 1033 erg s−1. However, this model underpredicts the on-enhancement emission around 1 keV, which may indicate the additional presence of hotter plasma (T ≳ 107 K), or that recombination emission is important. We examined several different physical models for the origin of the X-ray enhancement. We find that turbulent mixing of cold cloud material with hot ambient material, compression or shock heating of a hot ambient medium, and charge exchange reactions between cloud atoms and ions in a hot ambient medium all lead to emission that is too faint. In addition, shock heating in a cool or warm medium leads to emission that is too soft (for reasonable cloud speeds). We find that magnetic reconnection could plausibly power the observed X-ray emission, but resistive magnetohydrodynamical simulations are needed to test this hypothesis. If magnetic reconnection is responsible for the X-ray enhancement, the observed spectral properties could potentially constrain the magnetic field in the vicinity of the Magellanic Stream.
Brain electrical microstate features as biomarkers of a stable motor output

Objective. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the brain dynamics underlying the maintenance of a constant force level exerted during a visually guided isometric contraction task by optimizing a predictive multivariate model based on global and spectral brain dynamics features. Approach. Electroencephalography (EEG) was acquired in 18 subjects who were asked to press a bulb and maintain a constant force level, indicated by a bar on a screen. For intervals of 500 ms, we calculated an index of force stability as well as indices of brain dynamics: microstate metrics (duration, occurrence, global explained variance, directional predominance) and EEG spectral amplitudes in the theta, low alpha, high alpha and beta bands. We optimized a multivariate regression model (partial least square (PLS)) where the microstate features and the spectral amplitudes were the input variables and the indexes of force stability were the output variables. The issues related to the collinearity among the input variables and to the generalizability of the model were addressed using PLS in a nested cross-validation approach. Main results. The optimized PLS regression model reached a good generalizability and succeeded to show the predictive value of microstates and spectral features in inferring the stability of the exerted force. Longer duration and higher occurrence of microstates, associated with visual and executive control networks, corresponded to better contraction performances, in agreement with the role played by the visual system and executive control network for visuo-motor integration. Significance. A combination of microstate metrics and brain rhythm amplitudes could be considered as biomarkers of a stable visually guided motor output not only at a group level, but also at an individual level. Our results may play an important role for a better understanding of the motor control in single trials or in real-time applications as well as in the study of motor control.
Self-referenced continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol

We introduce a new continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocol, self-referenced CV-QKD, that eliminates the need for transmission of a high-power local oscillator between the communicating parties. In this protocol, each signal pulse is accompanied by a reference pulse (or a pair of twin reference pulses), used to align Alice's and Bob's measurement bases. The method of phase estimation and compensation based on the reference pulse measurement can be viewed as a quantum analog of intradyne detection used in classical coherent communication, which extracts the phase information from the modulated signal. We present a proof-of-principle, fiber-based experimental demonstration of the protocol and quantify the expected secret key rates by expressing them in terms of experimental parameters. Our analysis of the secret key rate fully takes into account the inherent uncertainty associated with the quantum nature of the reference pulse(s) and quantifies the limit at which the theoretical key rate approaches that of the respective conventional protocol that requires local oscillator transmission. The self-referenced protocol greatly simplifies the hardware required for CV-QKD, especially for potential integrated photonics implementations of transmitters and receivers, with minimum sacrifice of performance. As such, it provides a pathway towards scalable integrated CV-QKD transceivers, a vital step towards large-scale QKD networks.
Efficacy of Arsenicum album 30C in the Prevention of COVID-19 in Individuals Residing in Containment Areas: A Prospective, Multicenter, Cluster-Randomized, Parallel-Arm, Community-Based, Open-Label Study

Objective: During the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmacologic interventions were the strategies for the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India, had advised Arsenicum album 30C as a prophylactic to prevent COVID-19. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective efficacy and safety of the Arsenicum album 30C. Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, cluster-randomized, parallel-arm, community-based, open-label study involving apparently healthy individuals residing in containment areas of 7 cities in India. Clusters are defined as the population residing in the containment areas, who are under restriction for movement. Forty-two clusters were randomly assigned at 2:1 to the Arsenicum album 30C group (30 clusters) or to the control group (12 clusters, which received no specific therapy). The medicine was given twice daily for 7 days. The primary outcome was the incidence of COVID-19, as per the case definition notified by the National Centre for Disease Control, Government of India, during 3-week follow-up period. Results: The analysis included 32,186 individuals residing in 42 clusters (containment areas). A total of 22,693 individuals from 30 clusters received Arsenicum album 30C, and 9,493 individuals from 12 clusters were observed in the control group. The overall protective effect of the Arsenicum album 30C was 80.22% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.16–86.44; 40 cases per 22,693 [6.04 per 10,000 person-weeks] in the Arsenicum album 30C group vs. 84 cases per 9,493 [29.78 per 10,000 person-weeks] in the control group). The protective effect of the Arsenicum album 30C against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was 68.22% (95% [CI], 49.64–80; 32 cases per 22,693 [4.83 per 10,000 person-weeks] in the Arsenicum album 30C group vs. 42 cases per 9,493 [14.93 per 10,000 person-weeks] in the control group). Adverse effects observed in both groups were mild and resolved without medication and sequelae. Conclusion: Homeopathic medicine Arsenicum album 30C was associated with a decrease in the incidence and provided some protection against COVID-19 as compared to nontreatment. Further randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials may be conducted to validate the results of this study.
Theory of finite strain superplasticity

The plastic flow of a polycrystal is analyzed assuming grains as fine that the rate limiting process is grain boundary sliding, and grains readily accommodate their shapes by slip to preserve spatial continuity. It is shown that thinking of a polycrystal with randomly oriented grains as an homogeneous and isotropic continuum when dealing with it as a dynamical medium, even in a scale much larger than the grain size, leads to gross errors. The polyhedral nature of grains influences the plastic flow in a radical manner, as the relative velocity of adjacent grains is constrained to the common boundary plane, and only the in--plane shear stress contributes to their relative motion. This constriction determines that the divergency of the velocity field of the material medium does not vanish, and plastic deformation necessarily involves grain volume variations, which can only be elastic. As this has a limit, fracture follows as a necessary step of plastic flow. A theoretical approach to plastic flow is developed, and emphasis is done in superplastic deformation, from zero to fracture strain. The theory allows to quantitatively explain the observed features of superplastic materials and responds to many open questions in the field.
Stellar mass black holes in star clusters: gravitational wave emission and detection rates

We investigate the dynamics of stellar-mass black holes (BH) in star clusters focusing on the dynamical formation of BH-BH binaries, which are very important sources of gravitational waves (GW). We examine the properties of these BH-BH binaries through direct N-body computations of Plummer clusters, having initially N(0) = 5 X 10^4, typically a few of them dynamically harden to the extent that they can merge via GW emission within the cluster. Also, for each of such clusters, there are a few escaped BH binaries that merge within a Hubble time, most of the mergers happening within a few Gyr of cluster evolution. These results imply that the intermediate-aged massive clusters constitute the most important class of star clusters that can produce dynamical BH-BH mergers at the present epoch. The BH-BH merger rates obtained from our computations imply a significant detection rate (~ 30/yr) for the "Advanced LIGO" GW detector that will become operative in the near future. Finally, we briefly discuss our ongoing development on this work incorporating the formation of BHs in star clusters from stellar evolution. In particular, we highlight the effect of stellar metallicity on the BH sub-cluster driven expansion of a star cluster's core.
Intestinal Calcium Absorption Decreases After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Despite Optimization of Vitamin D Status.

CONTEXT Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), now the most commonly performed bariatric operation, is a highly effective treatment for obesity. While Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is known to impair intestinal fractional calcium absorption (FCA) and negatively affect bone metabolism, LSG's effects on calcium homeostasis and bone health have not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE We determined the effect of LSG on FCA, while maintaining robust 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and recommended calcium intake. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Prospective pre-post observational cohort study of 35 women and men with severe obesity undergoing LSG. MAIN OUTCOMES FCA was measured preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively with a gold-standard dual stable isotope method. Other measures included calciotropic hormones, bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography. RESULTS Mean ± SD FCA decreased from 31.4 ± 15.4% preoperatively to 16.1 ± 12.3% postoperatively (p < 0.01), while median (IQR) 25OHD levels were 39 (32-46) ng/mL and 36 (30-46) ng/mL, respectively. Concurrently, median 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level increased from 60 (50-82) pg/mL to 86 (72-107) pg/mL (p < 0.01), without significant changes in parathyroid hormone or 24-hour urinary calcium levels. Bone turnover marker levels increased substantially, and areal BMD decreased at the proximal femur. Those with lower postoperative FCA had greater areal BMD loss at the total hip (ρ=0.45, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS FCA decreases after LSG, with a concurrent rise in bone turnover marker levels and decline in BMD, despite robust 25OHD levels and with recommended calcium intake. Decline in FCA could contribute to negative skeletal effects following LSG.
Light propagation in the averaged universe

Cosmic structures determine how light propagates through the Universe and consequently must be taken into account in the interpretation of observations. In the standard cosmological model at the largest scales, such structures are either ignored or treated as small perturbations to an isotropic and homogeneous Universe. This isotropic and homogeneous model is commonly assumed to emerge from some averaging process at the largest scales. We assume that there exists an averaging procedure that preserves the causal structure of space-time. Based on that assumption, we study the effects of averaging the geometry of space-time and derive an averaged version of the null geodesic equation of motion. For the averaged geometry we then assume a flat Friedmann-Lemaître (FL) model and find that light propagation in this averaged FL model is not given by null geodesics of that model, but rather by a modified light propagation equation that contains an effective Hubble expansion rate, which differs from the Hubble rate of the averaged space-time.
RNA N6‐methyladenosine modifications and potential targeted therapeutic strategies in kidney disease

Epigenetic modifications have received increasing attention and have been shown to be extensively involved in kidney development and disease progression. Among them, the most common RNA modification, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), has been shown to dynamically and reversibly exert its functions in multiple ways, including splicing, export, decay and translation initiation efficiency to regulate mRNA fate. Moreover, m6A has also been reported to exert biological effects by destabilizing base pairing to modulate various functions of RNAs. Most importantly, an increasing number of kidney diseases, such as renal cell carcinoma, acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, have been found to be associated with aberrant m6A patterns. In this review, we comprehensively review the critical roles of m6A in kidney diseases and discuss the possibilities and relevance of m6A‐targeted epigenetic therapy, with an integrated comprehensive description of the detailed alterations in specific loci that contribute to cellular processes that are associated with kidney diseases.