Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QTL Analysis of Type I and Type IIA Fibers in Soleus Muscle in a Cross between LG/J and SM/J Mouse Strains

Properties of muscle fibers, i.e., their type, number and size, are important determinants of functional characteristics of skeletal muscle, and of the quality of meat in livestock. Genetic factors play an important role in determining variation in fiber properties, however, specific genes remain largely elusive. We examined histological properties of soleus muscle fibers in two strains of mice exhibiting a twofold difference in muscle mass, LG/J and SM/J, and their F2 intercross. The total number of muscle fibers (555 ± 106; mean ± SD) did not differ between the strains or between males and females. A higher percentage of type I fibers was observed in the LG/J compared to the SM/J strain (P < 0.001) in both males (45 ± 3 vs. 37 ± 4%) and females (58 ± 4 vs. 41 ± 3%). Across strains, females had a higher percentage of type I fibers than males (P < 0.001), and the sex effect was greater in the LG/J strain (strain-by-sex interaction, P < 0.001). The cross-sectional area (CSA) did not differ between type I and type IIA fibers, but was greater in the LG/J than the SM/J strain (1365 ± 268 vs. 825 ± 229 μm2, P < 0.001). Three significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting CSA for type I and type IIA fibers mapped to chromosomes (Chr) 1, 6, and 11 and three suggestive QTL for percentage of type I fibers mapped to Chr 2, 3, and 4. Within each significant QTL, regions of conserved synteny were also implicated in variation of similar traits in an analogous study in pigs. Our results provide the evidence that the intercross between the SM/J and LG/J strains is a promising model to search for genes affecting muscle fiber properties.
Contrasting Allozyme Diversity Between Northern and Southern Populations of Cypripedium parviflorum (Orchidaceae): Implications for Pleistocene Refugia and Taxonomic Boundaries

Abstract Allozyme and morphological analyses were conducted to test speculation and recently published taxonomy concerning northern versus southern variation in the Cypripedium parviflorum complex. Allozyme analyses of 40 populations from 10 states revealed marked differences in genetic variation between northern and southern populations of var. pubescens, and between var. makasin and var. parviflorum. For both comparisons, the northern populations from previously glaciated regions generally contain more genetic variation and larger estimated population sizes than do their southern counterparts. These results are in contrast to most published findings on other taxa that report higher levels of genetic variation in populations near glacial refugia compared to conspecifics from previously glaciated territory. To explain the data in our paper, we suggest the existence of a northern refugium for C. parviflorum in a periglacial environment that contained abundant habitat for this species. This region could have served as a genetically diverse source of propagules for colonizing newly deglaciated territory. Conversely, populations in the heavily forested south may have remained relatively small and isolated throughout glaciation, promoting genetic drift and the loss of genetic variation. Lastly, var. makasin differs from the other two varieties in mottling and coloration of the dorsal sepal, and in pubescence on the uppermost, nonphotosynthetic sheathing leaf. These data are consistent with previous hypotheses of northern versus southern differentiation in C. parviflorum, and support recognition of newly restored var. makasin. Communicating Editor: Jeff H. Rettig
Seed size effects on yields of two corn hybrids

While a number of studies have shown that seed size and grade have little effect on grain yield of corn (Zea mays L.), producers remain concerned about the use of very small seeds that may result from genetics, seed position on the ear, or poor growing conditions. Recent evidence that uneven emergence and uneven plant size can decrease yield also raises concern about the use of mixed seed sizes. This study was conducted in three Illinois environments to test the effect of seed size and of mixtures of seed sizes hand-planted in specific arrangements on the grain yield of two corn hybrids. Grain yields among the three environments were quite high, ranging from about 140 to more than 200 bu/acre (.)
ectoparasitos de brânquias, em duas espécies de ciclídeos da bacia ectoparasitos de brânquias, em duas espécies de ciclídeos da bacia ectoparasitos de brânquias, em duas espécies de ciclídeos da bacia ectoparasitos de brânquias, em duas espécies de ciclídeos da bacia

Relation between the relative condition factor (Kn) and the abundance of gill ectoparasites in two species of cichlids from the Parana river basin, Brazil. �Thestudyanalyzed�33�specimensof� Satanoperca pappaterra ,�capturedfromthe� UpperParana�RiverfloodplainbetweenMarch�2004�an
Beneficial Effect of Synthetic Sodium Aluminosilicate on Feed Efficiency and Performance of Commercial Leghorns

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of synthetic sodium aluminosilicate (SAS) on feed efficiency and other performance characteristics of commercial Leghorns. In Experiment 1, 600 hens were randomly divided into two groups and fed corn-soybean meal diets containing 0 or . 75% SAS for 6 wk. The SAS was added at the expense of . 65% corn and . 10% salt. Experiment 2 was conducted similarly to Experiment 1, except that the diets were kept isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Results indicated that the SAS diet significantly improved caloric consumption (2.0%, Experiment 1) and feed efficiency (2.0%, Experiment 2). The SAS had no influence on egg production but improved egg specific gravity. Egg weight was significantly reduced during the 5th wk of Experiment 1 but was not affected in Experiment 2. The results of these studies indicate that for periods of short duration, feed efficiency and egg specific gravity can be significantly improved by the addition of . 75% SAS to commercial Leghorn diets.
Assessment of techniques for marking Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt)

ABSTRACT The negative effects and duration of an immunomark (egg albumin) and fluorescent powder for marking phytoseiids were examined. Neither mark caused significant mortality, run-off, or reduction in fecundity. The fluorescent powder mark was more durable, but neither mark has sufficient durability to be used in a long-term mark-recapture study.
Bursa koşullarında geliştirilen ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) hatlarının bazı kalite özelliklerinin araştırılması

Determination of Some Quality Traits of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Strains Improved in Bursa Conditions This research was conducted to determine some quality traits of common wheat strains improved in Bursa conditions and correlations between these traits. In the study, test weight, 1000 kernel weight, gluten content, protein content and protein yield were investigated over 12 strains belongs to five different combinations and 1 control variety, used as plant material. When the determined values were investigated over two year means, it’s found out that the values are changed in genotypes between 77.93-81.26 kg/100lt in test weight, 42.88-51.17 g in 1000 kernel weight, 22.26-37.93 % in gluten content, 11.85-13.44 % in protein content and 58.21-84.70 kg/da in protein yield. In strains, 1. and 3. strains belongs to combination of 22 which is the hybrid of Martonvasari-9 / Sadova and 10. strain belogs to combination of 20 ( hybrid of Saraybosna / Vratsa) were determined favorable genotypes by their superior test weight and 1000 kernel weight, gluten content and protein content. In the study, positive correlations was obtained between gluten content and protein content, test weight and 1000 kernel weight.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Rating Scales with a Brief Review of the "Connors Teacher Rating Scale" (1998).

This paper explores the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) definition of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (ADHD). The use of rating scales to diagnose ADHD was evaluated. Rating scales have been used since the 1970’s and are highly influential in the detection of ADHD today. We also examined the advantages and disadvantages of using rating scales. Rating scales seem to change the percentage of individuals who meet the criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD based on different age groups, gender, and ethnicity. Finally, the Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-R) (Conners, Sitarenios, Parker, & Epstein, 1998) was reviewed. The important changes in the revision of the Conners Teacher Rating Scale-Revised ( CTRS-R) were detailed. The use of the CTRS-R is recommended as part of a multi-faceted assessment to diagnose and evaluate treatment procedures for children and adolescents with ADHD.
On the identity of Para-Bary-thelphusa grapsoides longipes Balss, 1937, with description of a new species from the Philippines (Brachyura, Gecarcinucidae)

The identity of the Philippine freshwater gecarcinucid crab, Para-Bary-thelphusa grapsoides subsp. Longipes Balss, 1937, currently placed in the genus Sundathelphusa , is clarified. Specimens that have been referred to this species previously are here shown to be a new species, S. holthuisi . The affinities and differences between these two species and its congener, S. celer Ng, 1991, are also discussed. In this chapter, the type of Sundathelphusa longipes is redescribed, its affinities to S. celer clarified, and the specimens previously referred to "S. longipe s" are here assigned to a new species, here named S. holthuisi . The material examined is deposited in the Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin; Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum - Naturalis, Leiden; and the Zoological Reference Collection (ZRC) of the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. Keywords: Para-Bary-thelphusa grapsoides Longipes Balss ; S. holthuisi ; Sundathelphusa
Principles of Environmental Economics

1. The Natural Environment and the Human Economy: The Neoclassical Economic Perspective 2. The Natural Environment and the Human Economy: An Ecological Perspective 3. Fundamentals of the Economics of Environmental Resources: The "Optimal" Trade-Off between Environmental Quality and Economic Goods 4. The Economic Theory of Pollution Control: The "Optimal" Level of Pollution 5. The Economics of Environmental Regulations: Regulating the Environment through Judicial Procedures 6. The Economics of Environmental Regulations: Pollution Tax and Transferable Emission Permits 7. Economic Valuation of Environmental Benefits 8. A Framework for assessing the worthiness of an Environmental Project: Cost Benefit Analysis 9. Biophysical Limits to Economic Growth: The Malthusian Perspective 10. Biophysical Limits to Economic Growth: The Neoclassical Economic Perspective 11. Biophysical Limits to Economic Growth: The Ecological Economic Perspective 12. The Economics of Sustainable Development 13. Population, Development, and Environmental Degradation in the Developing World Appendix: Basic Elements of the Market Economy: How the Invisible Hand Works
Electronic versus Face‐to‐Face Review: The Effects of Alternative Forms of Review on Auditors' Performance

Due to recent technological advancements such as online workpapers and email, audit firms have alternative methods of workpaper review that they did not have in the past. While audit workpaper preparers typically know they will be reviewed, and know the form their review will take, prior research has focused on comparing the judgments of auditors who expect to be reviewed with auditors who expect to remain anonymous. This study examines the effects on preparers of using two different methods of review: face‐to‐face and electronic review. The study also compares both review groups to a no‐review control group. Consistent with the Heuristic‐Systematic Model, we find that the method of review affects preparer effectiveness and efficiency. Specifically, preparers anticipating a face‐to‐face review are more concerned with audit effectiveness, produce higher quality judgments, are less efficient at their task, are less likely to be influenced by prior year workpapers, and feel more accountable than preparers in.
Remote Sensing of Landscapes with Spectral Images: A Physical Modeling Approach

Preface 1. Extracting information from spectral images 2. Spectroscopy of landscapes 3. Standard methods for analyzing spectral images 4. Spectral mixture analysis 5. Fraction images of landscapes 6. Target detection 7. Thematic mapping of landscapes 8. Processes and change References Glossary Index.
Género y salud mental en un mundo cambiante

It is well established that human psychological development, violence and sexual abuse, the experience of reproduction and parenting, as well as psychopathology and psychiatric morbidity are different for men and women, both in quality and quantity. In this chapter some of these differences, including disability and the use of services in the Spanish population are described and analysed. Whether there is a need for a new discipline to study psychiatric illness and psychiatric treatment from the point of view of gender is discussed. There has been a deep process of transformation of gender roles in our society. In our opinion this calls for new research efforts aimed at estimating the rates of prevalence and associated risk factors in men and women at present. The results of such research will probably lead to the formulation of new and more relevant hypotheses, and to the development of new research strategies and more valid and reliable measuring instruments.
Auto-calibration of cone beam geometries from arbitrary rotating markers using a vector geometry formulation of projection matrices

An efficient method for the determination of the projection geometry of cone beam micro computed tomography systems based on two or more fiducial markers of unknown position within the field of view is derived. By employing the projection matrix formalism commonly used in computer graphics, a very clear presentation of the resulting self consistent calibration problem can be given relating the sought-for matrix to observable parameters of the markers’ projections. Both an easy to implement solution procedure for both the unknown projection matrix and the marker assembly as well as the mapping from projection matrices to real space positions and orientations of source and detector relative to the rotational axis are provided. The separate treatment of the calibration problem in terms of projection matrices on the one hand and the independent transformation to a more intuitive geometry representation on the other hand proves to be very helpful with respect to the discussion of the ambiguities occurring in reference-free calibration. In particular, a link between methods based on knowledge on the sample and those based on knowledge solely on the detector geometry can be drawn. This further provides another intuitive view on the often reported difficulty in the estimation of the detector tilt towards the rotational axis. A simulation study considering 106 randomly generated cone beam imaging configurations and fiducial marker distributions within a range of typical scenarios is performed in order to assess the stability of the proposed technique. An experimental example supports the simulation results.
Hydraulic Properties of Soil–Straw Mixtures

Crop residue management at the soil surface controls C sequestration and soil erosion. The size and distribution of crop residues incorporated into the topsoil affect soil physical properties. The objective of this work was to analyze the immediate effect of straw incorporation on the hydraulic properties of soil. Laboratory experiments were performed to determine the retention and the hydraulic conductivity curves of soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw mixtures. The samples consisted of 1‐cm straw pieces mixed with loamy soil aggregates of 2 to 3 mm in diameter. Volumetric straw contents were 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 cm3 cm−3 Suction table and pressure extractor methods were used to measure the water retention curve. Hydraulic conductivity curves were obtained using Wind's evaporation method. At a constant water pressure head, gravimetric water content increased with increasing straw content. The relationship between water pressure and volumetric water content did not differ significantly between the treatments. An additive model based on the sum of the water retention of straw and soil measured separately gave a good estimation of the water retention measured in the mixture. Hydraulic conductivity decreased with increasing straw content for the same water pressure head. Tomographic images showed that mixing straw into the soil created new pores in the samples. Results from simulations of straw decomposition indicated that (i) the uptake of water by straw has to be taken into account when calculating how much water should be added gravimetrically in an incubation experiment and (ii) changes in hydraulic conductivity due to the presence of straw can have an impact on water and C dynamics.
Personality and organizations

Contents: A. Brief, J. Walsh, Series Forward. Preface. Part I: Introducing Personality at Work. R. Hogan, Personality Psychology for Organizational Researchers. A. Furnham, Personality and Organisation: A European Perspective on Personality Assessment in Organisations. Part II: Persistent Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Personality Assessment. G.L. Stewart, M.R. Barrick, Four Lessons Learned From the Person-Situation Debate: A Review and Research Agenda. T.A. Judge, A. Kristof-Brown, Personality, Interactional Psychology, and Person-Organization Fit. D.B. Smith, C. Robie, The Implications of Impression Management for Personality Research in Organisations. Part III: The Role of Personality in Work and Well-Being. W.B. Walsh, Vocational Psychology and Personality. B.M. Staw, The Dispositional Approach to Job Attitudes: An Empirical and Conceptual Review. J.M. George, A.P. Brief, Personality and Work-Related Distress. Part IV: The Role of Personality in Understanding Micro Organizational Processes. L.R. James, J.R. Rentsch, J-U-S-T-I-F-Y to Explain the Reasons Why: A Conditional Reasoning Approach to Understanding Motivated Behavior. W.D. Spangler, R.J. House, R. Palrecha, Personality and Leadership. D.W. Organ, J.B. Paine, Personality and Citizenship Behavior in Organizations. Part V: The Role of Personality in Understanding Meso Organizational Processes. L.M. Moynihan, R.S. Peterson, The Role of Personality in Group Processes. B. Schneider, D.B. Smith, Personality and Organizational Culture. C. Argyris, Reflections on Personality and Organization. Part VI: Conclusions. D.B. Smith, B. Schneider, Where We've Been and Where We're Going: Some Conclusions Regarding Personality and Organizations.
Lost in normalization

The consequences of the gauge-coupling–dependent normalization factor of in the transfer matrix of 2d U(1) lattice gauge theory are explored. It is seen by the choice that the lowest energy develops a minimum at coupling , leading to a multi-valued Gibbs energy similar to the systems with the first-order phase transition. It is argued how the normalization may be regarded as a lost normalization in the commonly used change of variable to the dimensionless angle-variables. Based on the continuum limit at the next-leading order and the Ostrogradsky formulation of higher-order time-derivatives theories, it is argued that the spectrum at continuum is compatible only with the choice.
Genotypic Differences in Some Physiological and Biochemical Parameters Symptomatic for Nickel (Ni) Induced Stress in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

An excess concentration of nickel (Ni) in soil significantly affects the growth and yields of crop plants. Physiological functions and antioxidative enzyme status of the plants are also altered by this stress. The present study aimed to evaluate nickel induced physiological and biochemical changes in a set of thirteen groundnut genotypes to identify the nickel tolerant genotype. Accumulation of free proline and the activities of Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) significantly increased in Ni treated plants. Our results indicate that all the genotypes were differing in their growth parameters, concentrations of free proline, electrolyte leakage and antioxidative enzymes. Ni sensitive genotypes correlated with decrease in shoot: root ratio, increase in electrolyte leakage and decrease in antioxidative enzymes. In contrary tolerant genotypes showed better shoot: root ratios, high free proline content, less electrolyte leakage, optimum CAT and APX activities. The study leads in grouping the genotypes into three categories, i.e. tolerant genotypes- Abhaya, Anantha, Greeshma, ICGV-91114 and Dharani; moderately tolerant- K-1375, K-6 and TG-47 and sensitive genotypes- JL-24, Narayani, Prasuna, Rohini and TPT-4 for Ni induced stress.
Rising Occupational and Industry Mobility in the United States: 1968-1993, Second Version

We analyze the dynamics of worker mobility in the United States over the 1968-1993 period at various levels of occupational and industry aggregation. We find a substantial overall increase in occupational and industry mobility over the period and document the levels and time trends in mobility for various age-education subgroups of the population. To control for measurement error in occupation and industry coding, we develop a method that utilizes the newly released, by the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Retrospective Occupation-Industry Supplemental Data Files. We emphasize the importance of the findings for understanding a number of issues in macro and labor economics, including changes in wage inequality, productivity, life-cycle earnings profiles, job stability and job security.
AGE‐SPECIFIC REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS: EVIDENCE FOR THE SELECTION HYPOTHESIS

Abstract —Age‐specific reproductive success has been demonstrated in many species. Three hypotheses have been raised to explain this general phenomenon: the experience hypothesis based on age‐specific reproductive experience, the effort hypothesis based on age‐specific reproductive effort, and the selection hypothesis based on progressive disappearance of phenotypes due to variation in individual productivity and survival. We used data from a long‐term study of Leach's storm‐petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) to present a single test of mutually exclusive predictions about the relationship between early breeding success and longevity. There should be no correlation between early breeding success and longevity under the experience hypothesis, a negative correlation under the effort hypothesis, and a positive correlation under the selection hypothesis. We found a significant (P < 0.0001) positive relationship between success in the first two breeding attempts and longevity in this population of long‐lived seabirds, strongly suggesting that low‐productivity parents were also less likely to survive early breeding. These data provide some of the strongest support to date for the selection hypothesis.