Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the efficacy of different traps in capturing apple blossom beetle (Epicometis hirta (Poda, 1761)) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Bu calisma, erik ve armut agaclarindaki Bakla zinni (Epicometis hirta) (Poda, 1761) (Coleoptera: Scarabaediae)’nin farkli tuzaklarla yakalanma etkinliginin arastirilmasi amaci ile Isparta Ili, Yalvac Ilcesi’nde 2010 yilinda yurutulmustur. Calismalar toplam 4’er adet erik ve armut bahcesinde, farkli mavi plastik tuzaklar (yapiskan levha, huni+su ve legen+su) ve ayrica cinnamyl alcohol, trans - anethol, dipropylene glycol ve 2 - propanol, 1, 1 – oxybis maddelerini iceren ticari preparatlar kullanilarak yurutulmustur. En fazla ergin armutlarda 3 no’lu, eriklerde ise 2 no’lu bahceden elde edilmistir. Adi gecen bahcelerin her ikisinde de en fazla ergin “cekici+mavi huni+su” kullanilan tuzaklarla yakalanmistir. Calisma sonuclari, mavi huni tuzaklarinin cekici ile birlikte kullanilmasi durumunda, insektisitlerin uygulanmasinin sakincali oldugu ciceklenme doneminde bu bocegi baski altina almada etkili bir biyoteknik yontem olarak kullanilabilecegini gostermektedir.
ABSORPTION OF AMINO ACIDS FROM WORT BY YEASTS

The absorption of α-amino acids from wort by various strains of yeasts followed a sequence which was almost independent of the conditions employed. The rate of absorption of arginine varied with the strain of yeast employed. The absorption of tryptophan and glutamic acid was affected by aeration. Proline, unabsorbed under “anaerobic” conditions was taken up during the latter part of the fermentation under aerobic conditions, and absorption was accompanied by the excretion of ninhydrin-positive material as yet unidentified. The use of worts containing an amino acid concentration in excess of a certain maximum resulted in the production of beers containing appreciable concentrations of the less readily assimilable α-amino acids.
A replicated comparison of breeding‐container suitability for the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in tropical and temperate Australia

In Australia, the dengue vector Aedes aegypti is presently restricted to Queensland but was historically more widespread. Future spread may be facilitated by changes in the availability of suitable ovipositing sites (artificial containers) in response to climate change. We undertook a replicated comparison of thermal and hydric conditions in a selection of water containers commonly used by Ae. aegypti under sun and shade conditions in a tropical (Cairns) and temperate (Melbourne) location. We assessed the implications of thermal and hydric regimes for development rates and thermal stress. Container type had no effect on potential development rate in Cairns but mosquitoes in tyres were predicted to have consistently slower development than those in other containers in Melbourne. Our dataset included the hottest day on record for Melbourne (46.4°C) yet few containers exhibited lethal water temperatures in this location. Similarly high water temperatures were reached in Cairns at more benign air temperatures due to high solar radiation loads. The tyres had unique thermal profiles that exhibited a plateau at shaded air temperature even when in full sun. Overall, our results suggest that chronic cold stress would prevent development in Melbourne during spring, drying of containers would be limiting in Melbourne in summer, and heat stress in unshaded small containers would be limiting in Cairns. Tyres could be an important and unappreciated buffered habitat in open areas in the tropics. These results are of value for directing water storage and waste policy to prevent the further spread of Ae. aegypti and dengue fever as well as other mosquitoes. The methodology can be applied to identify priority containers for surveillance in other parts of the world.
Unexpected problem in aphid DNA barcoding by universal primers

DNA barcode (mitochondrial COI) sequences have allowed for species identification of aphids. In this study, we newly found a DNA barcoding problem in a part of the DNA sequences for Sitobion avenae. Five S. avenae individuals showed differences of, on average, 32.60% in the DNA sequences from other conspecific individuals, and a BLAST search revealed that the five sequences are similar to those of aphid parasitoids such as Aphidius, Ephedrus and Praon spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Based on these results, we concluded that the universal primers used in aphid DNA barcodes can amplify barcode sequences from parasitoid species within host aphids.
Romania's Foreign Trade, Transportation, Credit System and national Riches in Modern Liberal Economic Thinking

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the consequences in foreign trade, transportation and the credit system of a nation because of the strengthening of the economic organism, through the economic and political reformation. The paper refers to the case of the Romanian Economy for the period 1859-1918. Romaniaâ€™s modernization and development are the result of the contribution brought by the thinkers of that time, especially by the radical liberal thinkers. At the same time, we should not neglect the participation, more modest however, of the conservative thinkers and their contribution in the economic development of the country.
Phylogenetic affinities of Monimiaceae based on cpDNA gene and spacer sequences

Abstract Nucleotide sequence data from the chloroplast rbcL gene and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer of 58 species in 38 genera were used to infer the phylogenetic affinities of Monimiaceae to other Laurales, and to assess whether the family in the traditional wide sense is monophyletic. Besides Monimiaceae, the Laurales comprise Calycanthaceae, Gomortegaceae, Hernandiaceae, and Lauraceae. Magnoliaceae and Myristicaceae were used as outgroups. Based on recent molecular data, Amborellaceae and Chloranthaceae, which have sometimes been included in the order, do not belong in the Laurales, and indeed trnL-trnF sequences of Amborella (Amborellaceae) and Hedyosmum (Chloranthaceae) were too different to be unambiguously aligned with the remaining sequences. Parsimony analyses of the trnL-trnF and trnL-trnF-rbcL data groups the genera into five major clades, Calycanthaceae, Atherospermataceae, Gomortega , Siparunaceae, and a weakly supported Monimiaceae s.str. -Lauraceae-Hernandiaceae clade. RbcL data alone provide no resolution at the family level. Many aspects of traditional intra-familiar classification of Monimiaceae are supported except that the sole perfect-flowered member of the family, the monotypic Sri Lankan Hortonia , is not basal (13 of 15–22 genera sampled). Instead, there are two major clades in Monimiaceae. One comprises the functionally dioecious monospecific Peumus from Chile plus the morphologically and functionally dioecious small genera Monimia from the Mascarenes and Palmeria from eastern Australia and New Guinea. The other consists of Hortonia and all remaining genera. The atherospermatoids are supported in their traditional circumscription (14 species, 7 genera, of which 10 and 6 were sampled). The neotropical genus Siparuna , different from recent classifications that have stressed its isolation, is genetically and morphologically very close to the West African species Glossocalyx longicuspis . Both taxa have unisexual flowers of the same general morphology, and both have unitegmic ovules. From the current data it seems that monoecy is basal in Siparuna , but more complete sampling of species with a faster evolving genetic marker is needed for a fuller understanding of the evolution of monoecy and dioecy in this genus.
A New Species of Kerivoula (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Myanmar (Burma)

A new species of Kerivoula is described. Currently, it is known only from Namdee Forest in southern Kachin State, Myanmar. Externally, superficially similar to Kerivoula papillosa and with a dentition comparable to that of Kerivoula lenis, it is distinguished by its flattened skull. It was collected in evergreen forest in an area that also includes some mixed deciduous forest, shifting cultivation, and bamboo groves.
Efficient elimination of sweetpotato little leaf phytoplasma from sweetpotato by cryotherapy of shoot tips

Shoot tips with 3–4 leaf primordia were excised from in vitro-grown sweetpotato plants (Ipomoea batatas) infected with little leaf phytoplasma (Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia) and subjected to cryotherapy. All plants regenerated from the cryo-treated shoot tips were free of phytoplasma, whereas shoot tip culture or dehydration of shoot tips without subsequent cryotherapy resulted in phytoplasma-free plants at a frequency of only 7–10%. Histological and ultrastructural studies with light and transmission electron microscopy, respectively, indicated that cryotherapy was lethal to all cells except those in the apical dome of the meristem and the two youngest leaf primordia. These surviving parts of the shoot tip contained vascular tissue and sieve elements, but electron microscopy showed no phytoplasma in them. In contrast, an abundance of phytoplasma was found in sieve elements located at the lower, non-surviving parts of the shoot tip 1·0 or 1·5 mm from the apical dome. In the greenhouse, the plants in which phytoplasmas were not detected were healthy-looking, grew vigorously and were readily distinguished from the infected plants that exhibited little leaf and chlorosis symptoms, proliferation of axillary shoots and roots, stunting, and heavily reduced number and size of storage roots. In this study efficient elimination of phytoplasma and production of pathogen-tested plant stocks were achieved with the novel cryotherapy-based approach. The proposed advantage of the technique is that it can be simultaneously used for long-term storage of plant germplasm and for production of pathogen-free plants.
Biomass and nutrient dynamics associated with slash fires in neotropical dry forests

Unprecedented rates of deforestation and biomass burning in tropical dry forests are dramatically influencing biogeochemical cycles, resulting in resource depletion, declines in biodiversity, and atmospheric pollution. We quantified the effects of deforestation and varying levels of slash-fire severity on nutrient losses and redistribution in a second-growth tropical dry forest ([open quotes]Caatinga[close quotes]) near Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil. Total aboveground biomass prior to burning was [approx]74 Mg/ha. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were highest in litter, leaves attached to slash, and fine wood debris (
Integrating standing value estimations into tree marking guidelines to meet wood supply objectives

The identification of low-vigor trees with potential for sawlog production is a key objective of tree marking guidelines used for partial cuts in northern hardwoods. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of various vigor-related defects on the monetary value of hardwoods. To achieve this, we sampled 64 sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) and 32 yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) trees from two locations in southern Quebec, Canada. We identified over 420 defects, which were grouped into 8 categories. The trees were then harvested and processed into lumber, and the value per unit volume of each stem was calculated from the value of the product assortment (lumber, chips, and sawdust). We found that visible evidence of fungal infections (sporocarps and (or) stroma) and cracks had the largest negative influence on value in both species. A model that included these defects was almost as good at predicting value as one that included a specifically designed quality classification. A more acc.
The first snipe fly (Diptera: Rhagionidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

The description of the oldest Rhagionidae in China, Sinorhagio daohugouensis gen. et sp. nov., is given as new to science. It comes from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou Formation of Inner Mongolia. The relationships of Sinorhagio and other relevant genera of Rhagionidae are discussed.
Effects of rearing and induction temperature on the temporal dynamics of heat shock protein 70 expression in a butterfly

The temporal dynamics of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression in response to longer‐term acclimation and rapid hardening in the butterfly Lycaena tityrus is investigated. After a 1‐h exposure to 1 °C or 37 °C, HSP70 is quickly up‐regulated within 1 h and down‐regulated within 2 h. The fast dynamic of HSP70 expression is in contrast to the patterns found in organisms inhabiting more stable thermal environments, and is interpreted as an adaptation to the large and rapid temperature variation experienced by flying ectotherms. HSP70 expression is higher in males than in females, as well as in animals reared at 27 °C than at 20 °C, although it is very similar across the high and low induction temperatures. Animals reared at the higher temperature, however, respond less strongly to high‐temperature stress.
Insetos associados às flores de diferentes espécies de maracujá (Passiflora spp.)

This research was carried out to study the frequency, foraging type (nectar and/or pollen) time, and behavior of insects on different species of passionflower ( Passiflora edulis Sims flavicarpa flavicarpa Deg., P. giberti N. E. Brown, and P. nitida HBK) (Passifloraceae). It was also observed the size, color, and duration of the flowers. The main insects visitors were Xylocopa suspecta, Trigona spinipes, and X. griscenses , respectively, in three species of passionflower. The Passiflora nitida (72.4%) and P. edulis f. flavicarpa (43.6%) attracted more Xylocopa spp. and P. giberti more Trigona spinipes . These bees collected nectar mainly, only Trigona bee was observed collecting pollen. Xylocopa bees collected in species with larger flowers ( P. edulis flavicarpa flavicarpa Deg. and P. nitida HBK) and Trigona in smaller flowers ( P. giberti N. E. Brown). In P. edulis f. flavicarpa the fruit production was 53.85% with Xylocopa bees and there was no fruit production in flowers not visited by insects
β-Secretase-Cleaved Amyloid Precursor Protein Accumulates at Actin Inclusions Induced in Neurons by Stress or Amyloid β: A Feedforward Mechanism for Alzheimer's Disease

Rod-like inclusions (rods), composed of actin saturated with actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin, are induced in hippocampal neurons by ATP depletion, oxidative stress, and excess glutamate and occur in close proximity to senile plaques in human Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain (Minamide et al., 2000). Here, we show rods are found in brains from transgenic AD mice. Soluble forms of amyloid β (Aβ1–42) induce the formation of rods in a maximum of 19% of cultured hippocampal neurons in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Approximately one-half of the responding neurons develop rods within 6 h or with as little as 10 nm Aβ1–42. Aβ1–42 induces the activation (dephosphorylation) of ADF/cofilin in neurons that form rods. Vesicles containing amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-amyloid cleavage enzyme, and presenilin-1, a component of the γ-secretase complex, accumulate at rods. The β-secretase-cleaved APP (either β-C-terminal fragment of APP or Aβ) also accumulates at rods. These results suggest that rods, formed in response to either Aβ or some other stress, block the transport of APP and enzymes involved in its processing to Aβ. These stalled vesicles may provide a site for producing Aβ1–42, which may in turn induce more rods in surrounding neurons, and expand the degenerative zone resulting in plaque formation.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND NITROGEN-TO-PROTEIN FACTORS FOR GRAIN LEGUMES

Eleven grain legumes were analyzed for amino acids (AA), AA scores and essential AA indexes (EAAI). Nitrogen-to-protein (N:P) factors were determined from these data. Concentrations of AA per gram of nitrogen were relatively constant among species with the exception of the AA arginine, methionine, tryptophan and cystine which had coefficients of variation of 23–30%. On average, arginine, leucine, lysine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid accounted for 50% of the total of all AA. These grain legumes met adult human requirements for essential AA except for methionine and cystine which were deficient in all species. This resulted in an average AA score and EAAI of 56 and 89, respectively. The N:P factor was 5.6 for the 11 species but this value was 5.0 if corrected for nonprotein nitrogen.
365 QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF BOVINE CRYOPRESERVED SPERM AFTER SEXING BY FLOW CYTOMETRY AND ITS USE FOR IN VITRO EMBRYO PRODUCTION

Several studies using sex-sorted sperm by flow cytometry have shown that its fertility is reduced. Therefore, this study evaluated structural and functional characteristics of sperm sexed by flow cytometry. In addition, in vitro embryo production (IVP) and development was assessed when frozen-thawed unsorted and sex-sorted sperm from 4 Nellore bulls. Each ejaculate was separated into three fractions: non-sexed (NS), sexed for X-sperm (SX), and sexed for Y-sperm (SY). After thawing, each sample was analyzed for sperm motility by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA, Berkeley, CA), sperm head agglutination, sperm morphology, membrane integrity by propidium iodide (PI) and 6-carboxy-fluorescein diacetate (CFDA) staining, acrosome integrity by peanut agglutinin (PNA), capacitation by chlortetracycline (CTC), and chromatin integrity by acridine orange staining. Then, the samples were placed in 45 : 90% (NS90) or 45 : 60% (NS60, SX, and SY) Percoll™ gradients. After Percoll™ centrifugation, sperm pellets were analyzed or used for IVP. All analyses were replicated independently three times. For IVP, 2,271 in vitro matured oocytes were used. To assess fertilization rate, presumptive zygotes were fixed and stained with lacmoid at 18 h post-insemination (hpi). Cleavage was evaluated at Day 2 (48 hpi) and blastocyst development at Days 6, 7, 8, and 9 of culture. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed between SX and SY groups for e sperm variables evaluated either before or after Percoll™. However, non-sexed sperm had higher sperm motility, greater percentage of sperm with intact membranes, and greater percentage of live sperm with intact acrosomes than sexed sperm (P < 0.05). An effect of Percoll™ was observed in the non-sexed samples, with those submitted to 45 : 90% gradient having higher motility, greater percentage of cells with intact membrane, and lower recovery rate than those submitted to a 45 : 60% gradient. No differences among groups were observed for fertilization rate, being 74.0 ± 5.7, 63.2 ± 5.1, 67.2 ± 5.7, and 55.4 ± 5.9% for NS90, NS60, SX, and SY, respectively. Group NS90 showed a greater cleavage rate than did the SY group, while groups NS60 and SX had similar rates to the others. Blastocyst development rates on Day 6 to Day 9 were greater for group NS90. For example, on Day 8 the blastocyst rate was 34.9 ± 3.6, 22.2 ± 3.2, 18.1 ± 3.3, and 14.8 ± 2.9% forNS90, NS60, SX, and SY groups, respectively. All groups showed similar embryonic developmental stages on Day 6 to Day 9. Although sex-sorting affected sperm characteristics, it did not cause a decrease with in vitro fertility. However, differences in blastocyst rates between groups NS60 and NS90 indicated that the sperm selection protocol affected embryo production. Financial support: Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology.
Solubilización de fuentes de fósforo asociadas a un compuesto orgánico enriquecido con biofertilizantes

El enriquecimiento de un compuesto organico con biofertilizantes a base de microorganismos (bacterias solubilizadoras de fosforo, BSF) puede mejorar las propiedades de los fertilizantes de fosfato aplicados a los suelos para mayor disponibilidad de nutrimentos. El diseno experimental fue bloques completos al azar en un arreglo factorial de tratamientos 4x2+1: 1) cuatro fuentes de fosforo: roca fosfatada, fosfato natural, superfosfato triple (SFT) y roca fosforica cubana; 2) dos fuentes de biofertilizante preparadas a base de cachaza enriquecida con microorganismos y sin enriquecimiento; y 3) un testigo absoluto (sin cachaza ni abonado); repetido tres veces. Los datos se analizaron con ANDEVA y las medias de tratamientos se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p≤0.05). Las evaluaciones de P disponible (metodologia Bray-2 y Oniani) y las cuantificaciones de las bacterias totales y solubilizadoras y de hongos en el suelo se realizaron 30, 60 y 90 d despues de iniciar el experimento. Despues de 60 d, la poblacion de BSF fue menor en el testigo (p≤0.05) y el contenido de P (Bray-2) fue mayor para SFT (p≤0.01). La aplicacion del biofertilizante aumento el contenido de P comparado con el testigo. A los 90 d el P (Bray-2) aumento con el tratamiento SFT, el cual aumento (p≤0.01) el P en el suelo a los 60 y 90 d independientemente de la presencia del biofertilizante enriquecido con microorganismos. El uso de cachaza enriquecida con microorganismos asociada con diferentes fuentes de P, y aplicadas al suelo con alto contenido de P, no altero las poblaciones de bacterias totales y solubilizadoras y hongos del suelo a corto plazo. El SFT promovio los mayores niveles de P en el suelo, independientemente de la presencia del compuesto organico enriquecido con microorganismos solubilizadores de P
Effect of Peptides and Amino Acids on Efficiency of Rumen Bacterial Protein Synthesis in Continuous Culture

Five species of rumen bacteria were grown in continuous culture to study effects of peptides and amino acids on efficiency of energy utilization for microbial protein synthesis. Decreasing the source of amino acids from . 5 g/liter to 0 g/liter with glucose at . 5 g/liter caused the yield of bacterial protein to decrease, but the most dramatic effects were from concentrations of amino acid source below . 062 g/liter. Whereas the highest concentration of peptides and amino acids always resulted in the highest yields of bacterial protein, conversion of amino acids to cell protein was usually poor. Amino acids were converted most efficiently to bacterial protein at concentrations of amino acid source below . 031 g/liter. Concentrations of dietary protein needed to maximize synthesis of rumen bacterial protein may not be associated necessarily with the most efficient utilization of dietary protein in the ruminant animal.
Relationships Within and Among Species of the Holoparasitic Genus Hyobanche (Orobanchaceae) Inferred from ISSR Banding Patterns and Nucleotide Sequences

Abstract The systematic relationships of four species in the South African holoparasitic genus Hyobanche were examined using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) banding patterns and nucleotide sequence data from nuclear ribosomal ITS regions and the plastid gene rbcL. Ordination of ISSR data revealed discrete groups, although H. glabrata and H. rubra were indistinguishable. Phylogeny reconstructions based on ISSR and ITS data were congruent and depicted relationships where H. atropurpurea and H. sanguinea form a clade with H. glabrata and H. rubra as their sister group. In contrast, the rbcL tree revealed a topology where H. atropurpurea was sister to a clade that included the other three species. The combination of molecular, morphological, and biogeographical data suggest two alternative hypotheses: (1) that floral evolution has progressed from galeate hirsute corolla tubes to straight glabrous tubes as represented by H. sanguinea, H. glabrata (intermediate morphology), and H. rubra, respectively; or (2) the intermediate floral morphology and distribution of H. glabrata reveal a hybrid origin of this species with H. sanguinea and H. rubra as progenitors. Communicating Editor: Paul Wilson