Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multilevel Outphasing With Over-the-Air Combining in Large Antenna Arrays

This article investigates the feasibility of combinerless multilevel outphasing transmitter as a potential architecture for large millimeter-wave (mmWave) phased arrays. We consider two distinct ways of distributing the component signals to the antennas and develop a model for the received signal at each radiated spatial direction from a phased array. Based on the received signal model, we derive expressions for the signal-to-distortion ratio as well as total power experienced at each spatial direction. Furthermore, antenna branch mismatches, overload distortion and quantization are considered, and an analytical model for the signal-to-distortion ratio at the intended receiver is derived. We additionally establish a model for comparing the achievable energy efficiency to those of the relevant reference methods. Extensive numerical experiments are carried out to verify the analytical works, and to assess the commonly used metrics of error vector magnitude (EVM) and total radiated power adjacent channel leakage ratio (TRP-ACLR). It is shown that the combinerless architecture is a valid option for mmWave phased arrays, demonstrating favorable EVM results and TRP-ACLR beyond the 28 dBc limit imposed by the 3GPP, even in the presence of the considered distortions. The conducted energy efficiency assessment shows that efficiency of the reference methods can be exceeded with sufficient amount of outphasing levels. The considered architecture is thus an interesting alternative for addressing the linearity vs. energy-efficiency challenge in mmWave phased-array systems.
Structural and dielectric properties of the (Bi0.500Na0.500)0.920Ba0.065La0.010TiO3 lead-free ceramic system

Abstract Structural and dielectric properties of the (Bi0.500Na0.500)0.920Ba0. 065La0.010TiO3 ceramic system have been investigated. The structural properties revealed, at room temperature, the coexistence of both rhombohedral (R3c) ferroelectric and tetragonal (P4bm) antiferroelectric phases. The dielectric response has shown the presence of three anomalies in the whole analyzed temperature range, which have been associated to different phase transitions. The frequency dependent dielectric response has been evaluated for temperatures close (below) the first phase-transition peak. Results revealed a strong dielectric dispersion, which has been associated to an intrinsic conduction related to thermally activated polarons.
Decorticating Pearl Millet and Grain Sorghum in a Laboratory Abrasive Mill

The decortication behavior of random mating populations of pearl millet and cultivars of grain sorghum was studied with Shepherd's modification of the Udy cyclone mill. Sorghum bran was removed in large flakes during decortication, and pearl millet bran was removed in smaller flakes. Neither sorghum nor millet was degermed during decortication. Millets grown in Sudan required less time to decorticate than Kansas-grown millets. Fractionation of the decorticate and the decorticated grain, using screens and a seed blower, indicated that differences in decortication rate were largely related to endosperm softness
The Classification of Suspected Predominant Nociplastic Pain in People with Moderate and Severe Haemophilia: A Secondary Exploratory Study

In people with haemophilia (PwH), joint pain is a major comorbidity that is often overlooked and under-treated. It is believed that, to ensure the most successful outcome, pain management should be tailored to the predominant pain phenotype (i.e., nociceptive, neuropathic and nociplastic). The 2021 clinical criteria and grading system for nociplastic pain, established by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), emphasize the necessity of early-stage identification and predominant pain type classification. Consistent with findings in other chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions, studies suggest that a subgroup of PwH suffers from nociplastic pain, i.e., pain arising from altered nociception rather than structural damage, but this has not yet been explored in PwH. This study aimed to identify PwH with “unlikely”, “possible” and “probable” nociplastic pain and investigate differences in anthropometric, demographic and clinical characteristics and psychological factors between subgroups of PwH and healthy individuals. : The IASP clinical criteria and grading system were used to classify pain types in adult men with moderate or severe haemophilia recruited from two Belgian haemophilia treatment centres. Statistical analyses were applied to study between-subgroup differences. Of 94 PwH, 80 PwH (85%) were classified with “unlikely” and 14 (15%) with “at least possible” nociplastic pain (including 5 PwH (5%) with “possible” and 9 PwH (10%) with “probable” nociplastic pain). PwH in both the “unlikely” and “at least possible” nociplastic pain groups showed significantly higher levels of unhelpful psychological factors compared to healthy individuals. Additionally, age may partially account for the observed differences in body height and psychological factors. Larger sample sizes may be needed to detect more subtle between-group differences. study confirmed the presence of nociplastic pain in haemophilia, categorising a notable subgroup as individuals who experience at least possible nociplastic pain. These exploratory insights may provide a starting point for future studies and the development of more effective and tailored pain management.
Enhanced Active Eavesdroppers Detection System for Multihop WSNs in Tactical IoT Applications

In tactical Internet of Things (IoT) applications, the broadcast nature of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) makes it easy to eavesdrop on their traffic. Furthermore, adversaries can access the sensor nodes to intercept and eavesdrop on critical wireless transmission. Research in this area focuses on reducing the eavesdropping probability through specific methods, such as encryption and transmission power control. However, eavesdropper detection techniques in WSNs do not exist in the literature. This article proposes a novel enhanced active eavesdroppers detection (EAED) system for homogeneous multihop WSNs. The EAED system consists of a monitoring module and a detection engine module. The Monitoring module plays a vital role in the EAED system to provide accurate measurements for the detection engine module. We propose three monitoring architectures for this measurement: 1) static monitoring nodes; 2) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-based monitoring; and 3) neighborhood monitoring. To find the optimal locations for static monitoring nodes, we use a genetic algorithm (GA). We also use the Hamiltonian path planning to calculate the flight path for UAVs. The detection engine module utilizes a lightweight anomaly detection method that employs the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Z$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-test method and runs on edge devices. We analyze and discuss the network overhead, advantages, and disadvantages of different monitoring architectures. According to the simulation results, the EAED system can detect active eavesdroppers with a high acrlong DR <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$({\ge }90\%)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a low false-positive rate <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$({\leq }5\%$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and outstanding performance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{ AUC}}\approx 0.97$ </tex-math></inline-formula>).
A practical investigation of meteor-burst communications.

This study considers the meteor-burst communication (MBC) environment at three levels. At the lowest level, the trails themselves are studied and analysed. Then individual links are studied in order to determine the data throughput and wait time that might be expected at various data rates. Finally, at the top level, MBC networks are studied in order to provide information on the effects of routing strategies, topologies, and connectivity in such networks. A significant amount of theoretical work has been done in the classification of meteor trails, and the analysis of the throughput potential of the channel. At the same time the issues of wait time on MBC links, and MBC network strategies, have been largely ignored. The work presented here is based on data captured on actual monitoring links, and is intended to provide both an observational comparison to theoretical predictions in the well-researched areas, and a source of base information for the others. Chapter 1 of this thesis gives an overview of the field of meteor-burst communications. Prior work in the field is discussed, as are the advantages and disadvantages of the channel, and current application areas. Chapter 2 describes work done on the classification of observed meteor trails into distinctive 'families'. The rule-based system designed for this task is discussed as well as the eventual classification schema produced, which is far more comprehensive and consistent than previously proposed schemas. Chapter 3 deals with the throughput potential of the channel, based on the observed trails. A comparison to predicted results, both as regards fixed and adaptive data-rates, is made with some notable differences between predicted
Effects of mask use on cardiopulmonary functions and coronaphobia in the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study among university students

Mask use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been widely recommended and mandated worldwide. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the potential adverse health effects of mask usage. This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the negative effects of surgical mask use on scientifically proven cardiopulmonary functions in undergraduate and associate degree students, as well as its impact on coronaphobia. A total of 145 volunteer university students (49 males, 96 females, with a mean age of 20 years) were enrolled in the study, which consisted of two 120-minute sessions. Blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure were assessed before and immediately after each session. The Coronavirus-19 Phobia Scale was utilized to measure levels of COVID-19 phobia. While a time-dependent decrease in oxygen saturation level, blood pressure, and heart rate was measured when vital signs were evaluated at 1 and 120 minutes, none of the values fell outside the reference range. The study also investigated the effects of mask use on various symptoms including headaches, visual impairment, facial discomfort, earaches, shortness of breath, and anxiety. Significantly increased occurrences of all these symptoms were observed at the 60th and 120th minute compared with the baseline. The participants enrolled in the study demonstrated a moderate level of COVID-19 phobia based on the mean total score. Furthermore, high scores were recorded in the psychological and social sub-dimensions, while lower scores were recorded in the economic and psychosomatic sub-dimensions. In the post-COVID-19 normalization phase, the use of a surgical mask during a 120-minute course was found to have no significant impact on cardiopulmonary functions, but moderately affected coronaphobia scores.
The Role of the si-Face Tyrosine of a Homodimeric Ferredoxin-NADP+ Oxidoreductase from Bacillus subtilis during Complex Formation and Redox Equivalent Transfer with NADP+/H and Ferredoxin

In the crystal structure of ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase from Bacillus subtilis (BsFNR), Tyr50 stacks on the si-face of the isoalloxazine ring portion of the FAD prosthetic group. This configuration is highly conserved among the homodimeric ferredoxin-NAD(P)+ oxidoreductases (FNR) from Gram-positive bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria. In this report, pre-steady state reactions of Tyr50 variants with NADP+/NADPH and ferredoxin from B. subtilis (BsFd) were examined with stopped-flow spectrophotometry to assess the effects of the mutation on the formation of FNR-substrate complexes and following redox equivalent transfer. Mixing oxidized BsFNRs with NADPH resulted in a rapid complex formation followed by a rate-limiting hydride transfer. The substitution substantially modulated the intensity of the charge transfer absorption band and decreased the observed hydride transfer rates compared to the wild type. Reduction of the Y50W mutant by NADPH proceeded in a monophasic manner, while the Y50G and Y50S mutants did in biphasic phases. The reduced Tyr50 mutants hardly promoted the reduction of NADP+. Mixing oxidized BsFNRs with reduced BsFd resulted in the reduction of the FNRs. The observed FNR reduction rates of the three variants were comparable, but in the Y50G and Y50S mutants, the amount of the reduced FNR at the rapid phase was decreased, and a slow FNR reduction phase was observed. The obtained results suggest that the replacements of Tyr50 with Gly and Ser permitted the conformational change in the reduced form, which induced an asymmetric kinetic behavior between the protomers of the homodimeric BsFNR.
A Comparative Study of 3D and 1D Acoustic Simulations of the Higher Frequencies of Speech

Articulatory synthesis generates speech sounds by simulating the physical phenomena involved in speech production. The accuracy of the physical modelling is expected to affect the naturalness of the synthesis: the more realistic the description is, the greater the naturalness is expected to be. In this work, the accuracy of acoustic wave propagation in the vocal tract was evaluated with two perceptual experiments. Sustained vowels generated using a one-dimensional acoustic model, a three-dimensional acoustic model and an artificial bandwidth extension algorithm (without a physical basis) were compared. Since the difference between the acoustic methods tested affects mainly the frequencies above 4 kHz, we ensured that the low frequency part of the stimuli, up to 4 kHz, was similar. Thus, the participants' responses were based only on the differences at high frequency. The first experiment was a pair comparison, in which the participants had to select the more natural sounding stimuli. In the second experiment, the participants had to rate the naturalness of the stimuli on a linear scale. The results confirmed that a more accurate physical modeling leads to greater naturalness. However, this was limited to the phonemes /o/ and /u/, for which transverse resonances in the anterior vocal tract may play an important role that only a 3D acoustic simulation can accurately represent. It was also found that male stimuli were perceived as significantly more natural than female ones. However, voice quality did not affect naturalness.
Elevating Pedagogical Outcomes: A Study on the Efficacy of State Islamic Religious Universities Management in Aceh, Indonesia

Objective: This research aims to examine the efficacy of higher education administration in quality control of Islamic university lecturers in Aceh. Method: The study employs a qualitative paradigm, with data gathered through observation, interview findings, and documentation. Informants include campus policymakers (rectors, deans, and department heads) and numerous students who are users. Results: Quality planning outcomes are provided through research under the institution's vision, purpose, and objectives. Planning, revision, and verification are used to carry out the program. Its substance encourages attempts to strengthen educational quality control but does not specify the desired results. Quality control management for lecturers is controlled by each component (faculties and departments) using formal and written references. The projected consequences of senior policy managers being able to design an integrity-based university governance model based on enhancing organizational values, norms, laws, management, and organizational structures. Novelty: Quality control model novelty consists of five stages, namely (1) control principles, (2) quality implementation, (3) professionalism development, (4) evaluation monitoring, and (5) collaboration strategy.
Dynamics of benthopelagic food webs of the Catalan slope (NW Mediterranean Sea): environmental drivers and influence on reproductive cycles

220 paginas. -- Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Vanesa Papiol Nieves para optar al grado de Doctora en Acuicultura en el Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), realizada bajo la direccion del Dr. Joan E. Cartes Rodriguez del Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM-CSIC). -- Tesis defendida en Barcelona el 24 de mayo de 2013. -- 218 pages
Growth performance and carcass characteristics of male black australorp, dwarf Malawi local chicken and their crosses from 8 to 20 weeks of age

An experiment was conducted to compare the growth performance and carcass characteristics of Black Australorp (BA), Dwarf Malawi Local Chicken (MLC) and their F1 crosses (BA x MLC and MLC x BA) from 8 to twenty weeks of age. Birds were raised in a traditionally built deep litter house covered with wood shavings. Birds were raised on commercial starter (day 1-8 weeks) and then on grower mashes during the whole experimental period (8-20 weeks). Significant (P<.05) differences were observed in growth performance and carcass characteristics of BA, MLC and their crosses. At twenty weeks of age, body weights were 2424g, 2250g, 2183g and 2100g for BA, BA x MLC, MLC x BA and MLC roasters, respectively. A similar trend was observed for carcass weights. However, no differences were observed when carcasses were evaluated as percentage of live body weight. Drumstick, thigh, wing, and breast carcass parts yields were similar for BA and MLC x BA crosses but significantly (P<.05) higher than those for BA x MLC and MLC birds. No differences were observed in thigh and wing weights when taken as percentage of carcass weights for all genotypes. Feed intake was highest for BA birds (12, 501g) while that of MLC birds was the lowest (11, 719). Feed consumption was similar for the crosses. However, BA (5.98:1), BA x MLC (6.60:1), and MLC x BA (6.5:1_ were similar in feed conversion but significantly (P<.05) better than that of the MLC (6.95:1). It is concluded that of the performance of the MLC in terms of body weight, feed efficiency and selected carcass parts can be improved through crossbreeding. 1 Department of Animal Science, University of Malawi, Bunda College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
Mitogenomics of Three Ziczacella Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from Karst Area, Southwest China, and Their Phylogenetic Implications

Leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae) are distributed worldwide and include around 2550 genera, more than 21,000 species, including almost 2000 species in China. Typhlocybinae is the second largest subfamily in Cicadellidae after Deltocephalinae. Previously, morphological characteristics were the diagnostic basis of taxonomy, but they were not combined with molecular biology. The genus Ziczacella Anufryev, 1970 has only six known species worldwide. The mitogenomes of Ziczacella steggerdai Ross, 1965, Ziczacella dworakowskae Anufriev, 1969 and Ziczacella heptapotamica Kusnezov, 1928 were sequenced and identified here for the first time. They all contained 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region, and the complete mitochondrial genomes were 15,231 bp, 15,137 bp, and 15,334 bp, respectively. The results show heavy AT nucleotide bias. Phylogenetic analysis yielded the following topology: (Empoascini + Alebrini) + ((Erythroneurini + Dikraneurini) + (Zyginellini + Typhlocybini)). In this study, three newly sequenced species were closely related to Mitjaevia dworakowskae and M. shibingensis. We confirmed the monophyly of the four tribes within Typhlocybinae again, and Zyginellini should be combined with Typhlocybini, which supports Chris’s points.
Predicted Hematologic and Plasma Volume Responses Following Rapid Ascent to Progressive Altitudes

Abstract : Scientific consensus does not exist regarding hematological responses to moderate to high altitude exposure. The purpose of this study was to quantify the expected changes in hemoglobin concentration [Hb], hematocrit (Hct), and PV changes as a result of a given gain in terrestrial elevation, delineate the time course of these changes, and define baseline demographics and physiologic descriptors that are important in predicting these changes. The overall impact of altitude can be summarized using the following correction factors: 1) 0.1g/dl increase in [Hb] for every 500 m increase in altitude regardless of gender, 2) 1.1% increase in Hct at 2000 m with an additional 2-6% increase for every 500 m increase in altitude depending non the altitude, and 3)rapid 5% loss in PV at 2000 m and additional 0.6% decrease with every 500 m above 2000 m. It is anticipated that results will enhance the ability of sport organizations to detect blood doping in athletes seeking to gain an edge in their athletic performance.
Comparison of Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and Wikipedia Articles’ References: In Search of Evidence for Wikipedia Credibility

In search of evidence for Wikipedia credibility, this study aims to compare and analyze articles’ references of Wikipedia and Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. This research approach is quantitative and has been done using bibliometric methods and citation analysis. The statistical sample of the research were 5% of the SEP entries (84 from 1685) and their equals on Wikipedia. The samples were selected randomly and systematically, then their references were analyzed and compared. The findings showed that the frequency of SEP references was about 3.5 times more than Wikipedia. The overlap of two encyclopedia's references was 2.47% of the total references. The half-life of the SEP references was significantly longer than Wikipedia. In both encyclopedias, the main resources which were used included books, journals, and websites. Regarding language of references, most of the references of both encyclopedias was in English, and citations to other language resources in both encyclopedias were almost similar. The percentage of open access and inaccessible resources on Wikipedia was higher than the SEP, while the percentage of non-open access references in the SEP was higher than Wikipedia. Finally, a comparison of the citations received by the two encyclopedia articles’ references showed that the citations received by Wikipedia references were significantly higher than SEP. This article compares the similarity of two known encyclopedias through comparison of their entities' references. Despite the similarities in the referencing pattern of the two encyclopedias, their information content comes from different resources and comparison articles’ references of Wikipedia with SEP provide no evidence for Wikipedia's credibility.