Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Laser Radiation Transport through the Head Tissues of Humans and Animals – A Review

Modern studies of the penetration of light into biological tissues is becoming very important in various medical applications. This is an important factor for determining the optical dose in many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The absorption and scattering properties of the tissue under study determine how deeply the light will penetrate into the tissue. However, these optical properties are highly dependent on the wavelength of the light source and tissue condition. This overview paper analyzes the transmission of light through different areas of human and animal head tissues, and the optimal laser wavelength and power density required to reach different parts of the brain are determined using lasers with different wavelengths by comparing the distribution of fluence, penetration depth and the mechanism of interaction between laser light and head tissues. The power variation in different regions of the head is presented, as estimated using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Data are analyzed for the absorption and scattering coefficients of the head tissue layers (scalp, skull, brain), calculated using integrating sphere measurements and inverse problem solving algorithms such as inverse MC (IMC) and adding-doubling (IAD). This study not only offered a quantitative comparison between wavelengths in terms of light transmission efficiency, but also anticipated the exciting opportunity for online, accurate and visible optimization of LLLT lighting parameters.
The effects of health literacy and information seeking behaviour towards health marketing activity in pandemic time

In facing the outbreak of pandemic Covid-19, it is important to understand factors that influence how people behave and react towards health marketing done by the health provider This understanding can inform health provider to aim their strategies in minimizing the impact and spread of the disease The aim of this review is to place empirical research findings within conceptual frameworks which can facilitate the synthesis of these findings and their application to policy and practice The diseases covered in this review are included due to their pandemic or potential pandemic status They are all respiratory type diseases Web of Science, Springer Link, Elsevier and Science Direct databases were searched for references to papers on severe acute respiratory syndrome related diseases and pandemics Findings shows that health literacy and information seeking behaviour are equally important to affect the health marketing effort to address the right socio-demographic determinants at the right place and time © 2021 American Institute of Physics Inc All rights reserved
Comparative study on the radioactivity of TE-NORM in different components of oil separator tanks

Abstract Natural radioactivity in the crude oil, produced water, sludge and scale wastes from the petroleum industry on the Suez gulf (Abu Redeis), Egypt were investigated. A low radioactivity was found in the produced water and crude oil samples. In the sludge waste samples, the levels of radioactivity were found to be 11.96 and 1.75 kBq kg−1 for Ra-226 (of U-series) and Ra-228 (of Th-series), respectively. In the scale waste samples, the levels of radioactivity were 11.7 and 4.2 kBq kg−1 for Ra-226 and Ra-228, respectively. Leaching of different radionuclides in the sludge and scale wastes was investigated using mineral acid alone or after treatment with certain carbonate solutions. The different parameters affecting the treatment were optimized. It is found that high removal of Ra-226 was achieved from sludge and scale wastes when pretreated with 10% sodium carbonate solution, followed by acid dissolution. Removal % of Ra-226 reached 77 and 87% from the sludge and scale wastes, respectively.
KETERLIBATAN ORANG TUA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ANAK USIA DINI SELAMA BELAJAR DARI RUMAH DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

AbstrackIn children learning process that is conducted from home during the Covid-19 pandemic, parents must function as “teachers”. As the 'teachers', parents must prepare themselves, starting from reading books, participating in webinars, following learning videos or videos of children's creativity activities in order to nourish their intellectuals with various information and knowledge. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method on 10 parents (father or mother) who had early childhood (5-6 years) at PAUD Rafflesia Arnolis, Kayu Tiga, Soya Village Ambon City. The data were obtained through interviews and documentation. The result of this study reveal some foms of parental involvement namely there is a communication between parents and teacher, accompany and help children learn as well as privide learning facilities. In addition, there are several positive things created between parents and children, such as the closeness of parents and children, parents can follow and know about children's learning development and parents are enriched intellectually and creatively while being 'teachers' for children at home. The benefit of the research is that the parents realize how important it is for them to be involved in their childrens' learning process and recognize the forms of involvement. Thus, parents can improve the quality and intensity of their children's learning involvement at home during the Covid-19 pandemic.Keywords: parental involvement, early childhood, learning from home
Ceramic processing of a garnet-based superionic conducting oxide: Lithium lanthanum zirconium aluminate

CERAMIC PROCESSING OF A GARNET-BASED SUPERIONIC CONDUCTING OXIDE: LITHIUM LANTHANUM ZIRCONIUM ALUMINATE By Isabel N. David Optimizing solid-state batteries will reduce the reliance on fossil fuel for electricity and energy storage technologies. Current energy storage technologies that are used in electric vehicles require secondary batteries with a liquid electrolyte. Safety hazards associated with the degradation of liquid electrolytes can be eliminated if a superionic conducting oxide (SCO) electrolyte were used instead. To match or exceed the current ionic conductivity values of a liquid electrolyte, SCO electrolytes need to be near theoretical density and be thermally and chemically stable in air and against metallic lithium. High-density SCO electrolytes can be produced through optimization of the sintering conditions; i.e., time, temperature, pressure, and chemical composition. Ceramic powder processing optimization of the sintering temperature and sintering mechanism has been shown here to increase the density as well as the Li-ion conductivity in the garnetbased SCO electrolyte Li7La3Zr2O12. It is reported herein that 1) increasing the sintering temperature reduced porosity, impurity phases, and the grain boundary resistance and 2) adding various amounts of a sintering aid, tri-isopropyl borate (TIB), reduced the sintering temperature and still maintained comparable electrochemical properties.
Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and endostatin on bone

Angiogenesis is essential for the replacement of cartilage by bone during skeletal growth and regeneration. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a key regulator of angiogenesis whereas endostatin, a potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation and migration, is a natural antagonist of VEGF-A. The regulatory roles of these peptides in angiogenesis, bone formation and bone cells were investigated in this study. In the present work we studied the effects of VEGF-A, delivered with an adenoviral vector, on the recovery of bone drilling defects in rat femur. Our data confirm the important role of VEGF in bone healing and that adenoviral VEGF gene transfer may modify bone defect healing in a rodent model. We studied the effects of VEGF-A and endostatin on bone resorption activity. It was found that VEGF-A is a potent stimulator of bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation in vitro and endostatin can antagonize this stimulatory effect when acting directly on bone cells. This suggests that endostatin is indeed a regulator of bone resorption, but not a critical one. In the present study we induced ectopic bone formation in the hamstring muscles of adult mice. The effects of VEGF-A and endostatin in the ectopic bone formation assay were evaluated by the simultaneous delivery of both peptides with recombinant adenoviral vectors. It was found that endostatin retards the cartilage phase in endochondral ossification that subsequently reduces bone formation. We conclude that bone growth and healing, which share features with ectopic bone formation, may be regulated by endostatin. To confirm in vivo effects on bone formation we further investigated the effects of endostatin and VEGF-A on mouse pre-osteoblastic cells in vitro. Finally the effects of endostatin on bone were studied in transgenic mouse lines overexpressing endostatin, and mice lacking collagen XVIII.
Productivity, nutrient uptake and quality of popcorn and potato in relation to organic nutrient management practices

Field experiments were conducted to study the quality parameters and nutrient uptake in pop corn - potato cropping sequence as influenced by various levels and sources of nutrients. Results revealed that the highest N, P and K content in grain and stover, total N, P and K uptake, protein content in grain, shelling and popping percentage in pop corn were recorded in the treatment receiving RDF, Recommended dose of fertilizers (N120P25K35kg/ha), which were statistically at par with vermicompost and farm yard manure at both levels of nitrogen (equivalent to 120 and 90 kg N/ha). However, leaf compost proved to be the poorest source in terms of total uptake of NPK nutrients. The highest N, P and K content and total nutrient uptake in potato tuber and haulms and specific gravity of tubers were recorded in the plots with residual fertility of 120 kg N/ha through FYM, which was at par to 120 kg N/ha through vermicompost. Application of FYM (equivalent to 90 kg N/ha) to potato led to significantly higher nutrient content and total N, P and K uptake in tuber and haulms and specific gravity of tubers during both the years.
How Error Prevention and Organizational Silence Influences Managers’ Self-Perception – A Repertory Grid Study

The topic of self-perception within management has become a subject catching more and more attention. The necessity for leaders’ self-awareness when aiming at high employee satisfaction and productivity still bears a lot of research potential. Developing self-awareness and efficacy are paths that do not have an end or a quota to reach. It is a rather mindset like a tank that can always be filled up more. Leaders’ self-awareness is crucial to improve their abilities and much more inaccurate self-perception can become harmful for an organisations’ performance. Surprisingly, the influence of managers’ self-perception on leadership behaviour and leadership effectiveness has only been studied little in contemporary literature. The main purpose of this article is to identify organizational factors that influence leader’s self-perception and how an organization can develop this characteristic of their managers. Therefore, this paper aims at identifying corporate cultural causes for managers’ distorted self-perception. This task leads evidently to the topic of organizational silence, which is understood as the absence of upward-directed feedback of employees’ input of ideas. Consequently, a corporate culture inherited by organizational silence impacts a manager’s self-perception. Additionally, the contextual literature research on self-perception guided to the subject of error management. It becomes evident that error management functions as a link between organizational silence and managers’ overestimation. Summarizing the article studies the interlinkages of these three research areas and combined them with a new research and hypothesis model tested on a repertory grid data set consisting of 782 personal constructs of a specific corporate culture. Individual construct psychology was chosen as an investigative methodology to ensure unbiased qualitative results. This psychologically grounded methodology is proven to make socially desirable results unlikely due to the intuitive interview structure. The results of this research give practitioners advice for developing corporate culture and self-perception and efficacy of people in leadership positions.
Growth of Firms in a Fragmented Cultural Industry: Italian Commercial Art Galleries’ Competitive Strategies

The growth of cultural firms is important in developing local economies, enhancing employment, and improving urban sustainability, but it is difficult to achieve in fragmented industries that are populated by the smallest firms and offer a particularly unfavorable context for growth. The study takes a contingency perspective and contributes to both the literature on business strategy in fragmented industries and that on the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by identifying the strategies implemented in a fragmented cultural industry, determining which of them are associated with a firm’s expected growth, and finding the few firm-specific factors that are associated with growth. It also complements the extant literature on art galleries by looking at them from the understudied strategic perspective. Suggestions for practitioners and policy makers are included.
Resilience-Driven Quantitative Analysis of Vehicle Platooning Service

Vehicle platooning can be applied to cooperative downloading and uploading (CDU) services through the cooperation between lead vehicle and non-lead vehicles. CDU service can be completed cooperatively by containers constructed in vehicles of the vehicle platooning system. Containers in vehicles may suffer from potential attacks which can lead to resource degradation and further cause the decrease in the dependability and security of CDU service. Failover technique can be deployed in an in-vehicle system and then performs protective operation for mitigating the impact of resources degradation and guaranteeing service resilience. This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the availability, reliability and security of CDU service in the vehicle platooning system deploying failover technique. We construct an analytical model to describe the interaction between resources degradation and rejuvenation behaviors of the vehicle platooning system. Then we derive the formulas of availability, Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) for evaluating reliability and Mean Security Capacity to Failure (MSCF) for evaluating security. Simulation and analytical experiments are applied to demonstrate the approximate accuracy of our model and investigate the impact of system parameters on metrics, respectively, which helps service providers make decisions on how to organize vehicles to perform CDU service and how to set system parameter values for maximizing their benefits.
Influencing Factors of Performance Degradation of Zinc–Air Batteries Exposed to Air

Zinc–air batteries feature high energy density, but they usually suffer from their short storage life after they start working, restricting their commercial applications. In the past, scholars did not reach an agreement on the influencing factors of the performance degradation of zinc–air batteries when exposed to air. Here, a series of comparative experiments were conducted to confirm the changes of the battery during storage after being exposed to air. The morphology and composition of the components of the battery were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analyses. SEM images revealed that with the increase of storage days, the corrosion of the zinc anode gradually deepens, but the surface morphology of the air cathode does not change much. The electrolyte of the batteries stored for different periods was examined through inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy and titration. After 20 days of storage, the concentration of CO32− reached 2.694 mol L−1, which indicates that more than 80% of the OH− in the electrolyte was consumed. The results show that after being exposed to air, the carbonation of the electrolyte is the main cause of the battery capacity decay.
Surgical Site Infection (SSI) in the National Referral General Hospital of Ndjamena (Chad): Survey about Risk Factors

The risk to develop an infection after surgery depends on several factors. Those factors may be interdependent or not, depending on the nature of the surgery and the general condition of the patient. The aim of the present study was to identify the factors involved in the occurrence of the Surgical Site Infections (SSI) in the National referral general hospital of N’djamena (Chad). We first realized an interview in the emergency services and in the general surgery of the hospital. The information collected allowed us to draw up survey sheets. An investigation was then conducted on 152 patients who had surgery and were hospitalized during the study period. The frequency of the SSI was 33.6% (51/152). The main risk factors that we identified were the duration of hospitalization, the category of the hospitalization room, the urgent aspect of the surgical intervention, the patient’s nutritional status and the associated diseases with diabetes, which was present in 52.38% (11/21) of cases of associated pathologies. Analysis of the antibiotic prophylaxis administered to patients showed that ciprofloxacin was more effective in SSI prevention. Indeed, this antibiotic showed the fewest cases of infection with only 1.9% of patients having developed SSI. Our results show a very high frequency of SSI at the National referral general hospital of N’djamena. Poor hospital practices and factors associated to patients seem to be the most factors implicated in the SSI.
Evaluation of Diurnal Variation in Stroke Subtypes; Experiences of a University Hospital

YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: İnme tanısı alarak takip ve tedavisi yapılan 18 yaş üstü tüm hastalar çalışmamıza dahil edilmiştir ve retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. İnme alt tipleri Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) sınıflandırmasına göre değerlendirilmiş ve hastaların kliniklerine göre; total anterior sirkülasyon infarktı (TASİ), posterior sirkülasyon infarktı (POSİ), parsiyel anterior sirkülasyon infarktı (PASİ), laküner infarkt (LAİ) grupları oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca bu yapılan sınıflandırmaya göre hangi anatomik bölgenin tutulumu olduğu difüzyon ağırlıklı beyin manyetik rezonans görüntüleme sonuçlarından teyit edilmiştir. Hangi diurnal döngüde hangi grubun daha fazla etkilenim gösterdiği de tespit edilmiştir.
Relationship Between Intraoperative Cerebral Desaturation and Postoperative Complications In Pediatric Patients Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgery: Prospective Cohort Study

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of cerebral desaturation and the possible relationship between intraoperative cerebral desaturation and postoperative complications. Methods: A prospective, observational study was performed 115 patients under 18 years of age who required open heart surgery in a university hospital. Cerebral desaturation was defined as a 25% decrease in cerebral saturation (low alarm limit) when compared with the basal value. Duration (second) was referred to the amount of time the patient stays below low alarm limit. Depth (%) was referred to gap between the patient’s cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) level and the rSO2 low alarm limit. The cerebral desaturation score was calculated using the %*seconds. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (desaturation score >3000 %sec) and group 2 (desaturation score ≤ 3000 %sec). The groups were compared in terms of demographic data, intraoperative and postoperative variables, postoperative complications, and duration of intensive care and hospital stays. Results: In the study, 59 patients (51.3%) were male and 28 patients (24.3%) had cyanotic heart disease. A total of 55 patients (47.8%) experienced over 3000 %sec desaturation. Postoperative complications were found to be increased in group 1 (71% vs 3.3%; χ²=57.119, p<0.001). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, desaturation score>3000 %sec (p<0.001), low body surface area (p=0.001) and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (p=0.006) were found to be associated with postoperative complications. Conclusion: In patients undergoing congenital heart surgery, cerebral desaturation score >3000 %sec is associated with a negative effect on patient prognosis.
Effects of Eight Weeks of Resistance Exercises on Neurotrophins and Trk Receptors in Alzheimer Model Male Wistar Rats.

Introduction This study evaluates the effects of 8 weeks of resistance exercises on the expression of neurotrophins and Trk receptors in Alzheimer model male Wistar rats. Methods For this purpose, 32 mature male Wistar rats with a mean weight of 230-280 g were chosen and divided into Alzheimer and Sham groups. The rats in the sham group received normal saline, while the ones in the Alzheimer group received streptomycin via intraventricular injection. These rats were then divided into the following four subgroups: 1) resting sham, 2) exercising sham, 3) resting Alzheimer, and 4) exercising Alzheimer. The two exercising rat subgroups exercised three times a week for 8 weeks. A weight was attached to their tails, and they had to carry it on a 26-step ladder in each cycle. Resting groups were handled every day to minimize the effects of stress. At the end of the eighth week and 24 hours after the last exercise session (to avoid the effects of the last exercise session), the rats were put under deep anesthesia and beheaded. Hippocampus tissues were precisely extracted, and samples were sent to the laboratory for molecular and cellular tests. To investigate gene expression, quantitative RTPCR was used. Results The tests for comparing the mean values of BDNF, NT3, NGF, TrkA, and TrkB in two rat groups showed that with error levels of less than 5%, there is a significant difference in the amounts of BDNF, NT3, NGF, TrkA, and TrkB between exercising rats and resting ones. These amounts were much higher in the exercising Alzheimer rats group. Conclusion Eight weeks of resistance exercises increased the expression of BDNF, NT3, and NGF genes and TrkA and TrkB receptors in Alzheimer model Wistar rats.
Synthesis and evaluation of phosphoramide mustard prodrugs for site-specific activation

OF THE THESIS.ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.iv DEDICATION.v TABLE OF CONTENTS.vi LIST OF TABLES.vii . LIST OF FIGURES.viii LIST OF SCHEMES.ix ABBREVIATIONS.x INTRODUCTION.1 I. Prodrugs for tumor-targeted chemotherapy.1 II. Prodrugs activated by Escherichia coli nitroreductase.7 III. Efficient amidation from selenocarboxylate and aromatic azides.12 IV. Prodrugs activated by prostate-specific antigen (PSA). 19 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.31 I. Synthesis and evaluation of 5-nitropyridyl-2-methyl phosphoramide mustard (18). 31 A. Synthesis.31 B. Antiproliferative assay.34 II. Efficient amidation from selenocarboxylate and aromatic azides.36 III. Synthesis and evaluation of glutaryl-Hyp-Ala-Ser-Chg-Gln-NH-pyridyl-2methyl phosphoramide mustard (19). 45 A. Synthesis.45 B. Chemical stability.50 C. Substrate activity for PSA.51 D. In vitro antiproliferative activity in prostate cancer cell lines.53 SUMMARY.55 EXPERIMENTAL.57 REFERENCES.80