Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Three Different Types of Feedback on the Amount of Force Generated During Isometric Contraction of the Triceps Brachii Muscle

TilE EFFEX:T OF THREE DIFFERENr TYPES OF FEED BACK ON TilE . AM:>UNI' OF FORCE GENERATED OORING ISCMEI. 'RIC CON.rRACriON OF TilE TRICEPS BRACH! MUSCLE Ciniy I. Buchsnan Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Camvnwealth University, May, 1980 This study was undertaken in order to i.mrestigate the effect of different feedback variables on isaoo tric strength performance. The variables studied �e auditory EM; biofeedback, knowledge of results, and verbal cues. Nineteen normal adult w:men volunteered as subjects for the study. Each subject perfo:nned nine isanetric contractions of the triceps bra­ chii nuscle against the resistance of a cable tensi.aneter. One of three different types of feedback was given during each contraction in order to motivate subjects to generate as much force as possible. Feedback variables were applied in randan order; each variable was used three times. Peak force readings were recorded fran the cable tens:i.oneter at the end of each trial. Force readings �e converted into pounds by matching than to a calibration curve. The actual force values tmderwent analysis of variance to determine if one type of feedback variable was more ef­ fective in motivating subjects to put forth a maximJm effort during isanetric nuscle contraction. Results showed that the type of vari­ able used during task performance had no differing effect on the a­ mount of tension generated. Thus, the rrul.l hypothesis that the ap­ plication of either EM; biofeedback, knowledge of results, or verbal cueing has no "differing effect on the aiOOUn t of force that is exerted during iscmetric contraction of the triceps brachii IIJJS cle could not be rejected.
Experimental treatment modalities for osteosarcoma

The in vivo efficacy of adenovirus vectors (AdVs) in gene delivery strategies is hampered by the broad tissue tropism of the virus and its efficient binding to human erythrocytes. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a genetically targeted prototype AdV. We replaced the adenovirus fiber with a chimeric molecule consisting of the fiber tail domain, the reovirus σ 1 oligomerization domain, and a polyhistidine tag as model targeting moiety. We also abolished the integrin-binding motif in the penton base protein. The chimeric attachment molecule was efficiently incorporated onto AdV capsids, allowed efficient propagation of AdV without requirement for complementing fiber and conferred highly specific tropism to the AdV. Importantly, the targeted AdV exhibited markedly reduced tropism for liver cells. In comparison to control AdV with native tropism, the targeted AdV showed 1,000-fold reduced transduction of HepG2 cells and 10,000-fold reduced transduction of mouse liver cells in freshly isolated liver slices. Following intravenous inoculation of C57BL/6 mice, the targeted AdV exhibited delayed clearance in comparison to the native AdV, leaving approximately 10-fold greater levels in the blood 2 h after inoculation. For all tissues analyzed, the targeted AdV displayed significantly reduced in vivo transduction in comparison to the native vector. Furthermore, in contrast to the native AdV, the targeted AdV did not bind human erythrocytes. Together, our findings suggest that the targeted AdV design described here provides a promising platform for systemic in vivo gene delivery.
Removing Data Heterogeneity Influence Enhances Network Topology Dependence of Decentralized SGD

We consider the decentralized stochastic optimization problems, where a network of $n$ nodes, each owning a local cost function, cooperate to find a minimizer of the globally-averaged cost. A widely studied decentralized algorithm for this problem is decentralized SGD (D-SGD), in which each node averages only with its neighbors. D-SGD is efficient in single-iteration communication, but it is very sensitive to the network topology. For smooth objective functions, the transient stage (which measures the number of iterations the algorithm has to experience before achieving the linear speedup stage) of D-SGD is on the order of ${\Omega}(n/(1-\beta)^2)$ and $\Omega(n^3/(1-\beta)^4)$ for strongly and generally convex cost functions, respectively, where $1-\beta \in (0,1)$ is a topology-dependent quantity that approaches $0$ for a large and sparse network. Hence, D-SGD suffers from slow convergence for large and sparse networks. In this work, we study the non-asymptotic convergence property of the D$^2$/Exact-diffusion algorithm. By eliminating the influence of data heterogeneity between nodes, D$^2$/Exact-diffusion is shown to have an enhanced transient stage that is on the order of $\tilde{\Omega}(n/(1-\beta))$ and $\Omega(n^3/(1-\beta)^2)$ for strongly and generally convex cost functions, respectively. Moreover, when D$^2$/Exact-diffusion is implemented with gradient accumulation and multi-round gossip communications, its transient stage can be further improved to $\tilde{\Omega}(1/(1-\beta)^{\frac{1}{2}})$ and $\tilde{\Omega}(n/(1-\beta))$ for strongly and generally convex cost functions, respectively. These established results for D$^2$/Exact-Diffusion have the best (i.e., weakest) dependence on network topology to our knowledge compared to existing decentralized algorithms. We also conduct numerical simulations to validate our theories.
Aprendizagem com Tecnologias: sinergia de saberes e mídias digitais

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir a educação com tecnologias em espaços híbridos e multimodais, por meio da sinergia de saberes, linguagens midiáticas e aprendizagens colaborativas. A motivação partiu da inquietação sobre as inter-relações entre práticas pedagógicas e apropriação de conhecimento em redes. Trata-se de um estudo teórico, de cunho bibliográfico, permeado pela conectividade e interação entre discentes e docentes. Defende-se a ideia de que educação e comunicação via mídias digitais e processos de hibridização permitem a ressignificação de sentidos e significados no ambiente da escola. Questionamentos, observações e compreensões sobre as demandas relacionadas à cultura digital e ao ensino em diferentes contextos de aprendizagens potencializam a sinergia de saberes assistemáticos e sistemáticos. O intercâmbio de ideias e produções colaborativas possibilitam a construção de experiências com abordagens centradas no saber, saber fazer e saber ser. Além disso, os resultados indicam possíveis caminhos, como a reorganização curricular da escola a fim de promover atividades que instiguem a tomada de decisão, a realização de escolhas, sendo fundamental que a aprendizagem seja baseada em experimentação e criação de percursos interativos de apropriação do ensinar e aprender. As experiências dos/as estudantes envolvem aprendizagens em 360º graus, em um movimento de ir e vir, consigo mesmo, com o outro e com o mundo.
Measurements of partial branching fractions of inclusive B → X u l + ν l decays with hadronic tagging

We present measurements of partial branching fractions of inclusive semileptonic B → X u l þ ν l decays using the full Belle dataset of 711 fb − 1 of integrated luminosity at the ϒ ð 4 S Þ resonance and for l ¼ e , μ . Inclusive semileptonic B → X u l þ ν l decays are Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) suppressed and measurements are complicated by the large background from CKM favored B → X c l þ ν l transitions, which have a similar signature. Using machine learning techniques, we reduce this and other backgrounds effectively, while retaining access to a large fraction of the B → X u l þ ν l phase space and high signal efficiency. We measure partial branching fractions in three phase-space regions covering about 31% to 86% of the accessible B → X u l þ ν l phase space. The most inclusive measurement corresponds to the phase space with lepton energies of E B l > 1 GeV, and we obtain Δ B ð B → X u l þ ν l Þ ¼ ð 1 . 59 (cid:2) 0 . 07 (cid:2) 0 . 16 Þ × 10 − 3 from a two-dimensional fit of the hadronic mass spectrum and the four-momentum-transfer squared distribution, with the uncertainties denoting the statistical and systematic error. We find j V ub j ¼ ð 4 . 10 (cid:2) 0 . 09 (cid:2) 0 . 22 (cid:2) 0 . 15 Þ × 10 − 3 from an average of four calculations for the partial decay rate with the third uncertainty denoting the average theory error. This value is higher but compatible with the determination from exclusive semileptonic decays within 1.3 standard deviations. In addition, we report charmless inclusive partial branching fractions separately for B þ and B 0 mesons as well as for electron and muon final states. No isospin breaking or lepton flavor universality violating effects are observed.
Development of an adaptive variance reduction technique for Monte Carlo particle transport

L’algorithme Adaptive Multilevel Splitting (AMS) a recemment fait son apparition dans la litterature de mathematiques appliquees, en tant que methode de reduction de variance pour la simulation Monte Carlo de chaines de Markov. Ce travail de these se propose d’implementer cette methode de reduction de variance adaptative dans le code Monte-Carlo de transport de particules TRIPOLI-4,dedie entre autres aux etudes de radioprotection et d’instrumentation nucleaire. Caracterisees par de fortes attenuations des rayonnements dans la matiere, ces etudes entrent dans la problematique du traitement d’evenements rares. Outre son implementation inedite dans ce domaine d’application, deux nouvelles fonctionnalites ont ete developpees pour l’AMS, testees puis validees. La premiere est une procedure d’encaissement au vol permettant d’optimiser plusieurs scores en une seule simulation AMS. La seconde est une extension de l’AMS aux processus branchants, courants dans les simulations de radioprotection, par exemple lors du transport couple de neutrons et des photons induits par ces derniers. L’efficacite et la robustesse de l’AMS dans ce nouveau cadre applicatif ont ete demontrees dans des configurations physiquement tres severes (attenuations du flux de particules de plus de 10 ordres de grandeur), mettant ainsi en evidence les avantages prometteurs de l’AMS par rapport aux methodes de reduction de variance existantes.
When the Chips Are Down: Problem Gambling in America

Americans now spend more money on gambling each year than on movie tickets, recorded music, theme parks, spectator sports, and video games combined. For most people, wagering is an enjoyable diversion, but for a sizable minority gambling becomes a compulsion, with devastating effects for individuals and their families. An estimated 5.5 million American adults are problem or pathological gamblers, and another 15 million can be considered at risk for problem gambling. In this book, Rachel Volberg delves into the darker side of the recent growth of lotteries, casinos, and other forms of gambling in this country, arguing that problem gambling should be considered an issue of public health and addressed accordingly. She describes the prevalence of problem and pathological gambling, details its costs to society, and recommends steps to improve monitoring, prevention, and treatment of this affliction.
Discontinuous Galerkin timestepping for nonlinear parabolic problems

We study space–time finite element methods for semilinear parabolic problems in (1 + d)–dimensions for d = 2, 3. The discretisation in time is based on the discontinuous Galerkin timestepping method with implicit treatment of the linear terms and either implicit or explicit multistep discretisation of the zeroth order nonlinear reaction terms. Conforming finite element methods are used for the space discretisation. For this implicit-explicit IMEX–dG family of methods, we derive a posteriori and a priori energy-type error bounds and we perform extended numerical experiments. We derive a novel hp–version a posteriori error bounds in the L∞(L2) and L2(H1) norms assuming an only locally Lipschitz growth condition for the nonlinear reactions and no monotonicity of the nonlinear terms. The analysis builds upon the recent work in [60], for the respective linear problem, which is in turn based on combining the elliptic and dG reconstructions in [83, 84] and continuation argument. The a posteriori error bounds appear to be of optimal order and efficient in a series of numerical experiments. Secondly, we prove a novel hp–version a priori error bounds for the fully–discrete IMEX–dG timestepping schemes in the same setting in L∞(L2) and L2(H1) norms. These error bounds are explicit with respect to both the temporal and spatial meshsizes kn and h, respectively, and, where possible, with respect to the possibly varying temporal polynomial degree r. The a priori error estimates are derived using the elliptic projection technique with an inf-sup argument in time. Standard tools such as Gronwall inequality and discrete stability estimates for fully discrete semilinear parabolic problems with merely locally-Lipschitz continuous nonlinear reaction terms are used. The a priori analysis extends the applicability of the results from [52] to this setting with low regularity. The results are tested by an extensive set of numerical experiments.
Effect of Copper Sulfate On Hematological and Histological Parameters of Freshwater Fish Oreochromis niloticus at Various Sublethal Concentration

Heavy metals pollution is a great environmental problem in recent years throughout the world. Various activities such as domestic, anthropogenic activities, volcanic eruptions and industrial activities which increase their level of heavy metals concentration into the environment. Copper sulfate is used as an algaecide and fungicide in the fields of agriculture and aquaculture being discharged into water bodies and it can affect the aquatic organisms, especially fishes. The present study deals with the effect of copper sulfate on various hematological parameters of the experimental fish Oreochromis niloticus. Oreochromis niloticus is an important freshwater fish in commercial aquaculture. Fish is a significant food component of human food. Fish are the suitable bio-indicators of heavy metal contamination. Heavy metals are oxidative stress inducers in fish and can reflect aquatic contamination. The Objective of the present study was to analyze the hematological effects of heavy metal CuSO4 on the freshwater fish O.niloticus. The LC50 value of copper sulfate found to be 39.2 mg/L. The fish Oreochromis niloticus were experimented for the different sub lethal concentrations of 1/10, 1/20 and 1/30 of copper sulfate for the period of 30 days to get hematological changes. At the end of the experiment the result shows that the Red Blood Cell (RBC) count and the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) were significantly decreased as the sub-lethal concentration of heavy metal Copper sulfate increased, while the level of WBC, MCV and MCH significantly increased. The effect of copper sulfate was observed by histopathological investigation of gill and liver of treated fish. The aim of present study is to investigate the hematological and histopathological effects of copper sulfate for the period of 30 days at various sublethal concentration in various tissues of the freshwater fish O. niloticus.Dietary data were collected in detail through face-to-face interview on tilapia O.niloticus consumption. Intake of fish (g) was computed. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software for Windows and all tests were considered significant at p<0:05.
Large enhancement of optical limiting effects in anisotropic two-photon absorbers by radially polarized beams

We report the large enhancement of optical limiting effects by exploiting the anisotropy of a two-photon absorber and manipulating the polarization distribution of the light field simultaneously. After modeling the polarization-orientation dependence on the two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficient, we demonstrate the enhanced TPA effect on an anisotropic two-photon absorber using radially polarized beams (RPBs) and show its interesting applications through the Z-scan technique and an optical limiter. The numerical results reveal that both the sensitivity of the Z-scan technique and the optical limiting effect on an anisotropic two-photon absorber using RPBs have great enhancement compared with those on an isotropic two-photon absorber and using linearly polarized Gaussian beams. The presented work opens up new avenues for the enhancement of polarization-dependent nonlinear optical effects, which have potential applications in two-photon lithography, polarization-sensitive photodetectors, and multi-photon photoluminescence imaging.
Inquiry-based learning: Emirati university students choose WhatsApp for collaboration

Considerable research has shown the value of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) regarding student engagement and motivation, depth of learning, and cognitive flexibility. Student collaboration is one component of this approach, since students must communicate and work together inside and outside of class time when engaging with an IBL project. Choosing a mobile learning tool can benefit student collaboration in so far as the tool enables anytime/anywhere collaborative learning. This study looked at how 118 Emirati undergraduate students in a government-sponsored university in the United Arab Emirates chose to collaborate in an IBL semester-long assignment. Unlike some approaches that dictate the technology selection to students (Barczyk & Duncan, 2013; Prescott, Wilson & Becket, 2013), in this project course instructors gave the students autonomy to choose the best mobile learning tools for their group. The study used a mixed-methods approach to collect data on which tools students perceived as best for IBL. Participants were surveyed three times about which tool they preferred for university work: a pre-project survey, a mid-project survey, and post-project survey. Results show that students changed their preferred tool to WhatsApp over the course of the semester. A focus group with each course section provided qualitative data as to why students preferred WhatsApp. The students also delivered poster presentations as to how WhatsApp helped them complete their community-based IBL projects. This study will show how WhatsApp can be a successful mobile learning tool for student collaboration in IBL. أكدت العديد من البحوث على فوائد التعلم القائم على البحث والاستقصاء من حيث المشاركة وعمق التعلم والمرونة المعرفية. ويعتبر التعلم القائم على البحث والاستقصاء شاملا لمفاهيم عدة منها التعلم القائم على المشاريع وعلى حل المشكلات والنماذج الشاملة لطرائق التعلم الأساسية لدى الطالب أهمها التعاون الطلابي لما له أثر جيد في إنجاز المشاريع سواء أكان ذلك أثناء المحاضرة أو خارجها. كما أن استخدام أدوات التعلم الذكي (mobile learning tool) يعزز التعاون الطلابي إذا ما توفرت خارج الفصل وفي أي مكان. وللتأكيد على هذه الفرضية، قمنا بدراسة أداء 118 طالبة في المرحلة الجامعية حين طلب منهم اختيار أفضل أدوات التعلم الذكي لمجموعاتهم للقيام بمشروع قائم على البحث والاستقصاء. واستخدمت الدراسة منهجا يدمج بين جمع البيانات عن الأدوات التي يعتبرها الطلبة الأفضل لأدء المشاريع القائمة على البحث والاستقصاء. وخضع الطلبة لثلاث مسوحات قبل البدء بالمشروع وفي منتصف المشروع وبعد الانتهاء منه حول الأداة المفضلة لديهم للقيام بالمشارع الجامعية وللتواصل الاجتماعي أيضا. وأظهرت النتائج ان برنامج ال WhatsApp هو الأفضل على مدار الفصل الدراسي. كما قامت مجموعة تركيز واحدة في كل فصل دراسي بتقديم بيانات نوعية لأسباب الاعتماد على هذا البرنامج في أداء المشاريع وإنجازها بنجاح من خلاله. كما قدم الطلبة عروضا باستخدام الملصقات لشرح أسباب نجاح المشاريع القائمة على تقديم الخدمات من خلال استخدام برنامج ال WhatsApp. كما تستعرض الدراسة أسباب كون هذا البرنامج أداة تعليمية ناجحة ومعززة لعملية التعاون الطلابي أثناء القيام بالمشاريع القائمة على البحث والاستقصاء.
Dynamic Mechanism Design : Incentive Compatibility , Pro t Maximization and Information Disclosure

This paper examines the problem of how to design incentive-compatible mechanisms in environments in which the agentsprivate information evolves stochastically over time and in which decisions have to be made in each period. The environments we consider are fairly general in that the agents types are allowed to evolve in a non-Markov way, decisions are allowed to a¤ect the type distributions and payo¤s are not restricted to be separable over time. Our rst result is the characterization of a dynamic payo¤ formula that describes the evolution of the agentsequilibrium payo¤s in an incentive-compatible mechanism. The formula summarizes all local rst-order conditions taking into account how current information a¤ects the dynamics of expected payo¤s. The formula generalizes the familiar envelope condition from static mechanism design: the key di¤erence is that a variation in the current types now impacts payo¤s in all subsequent periods both directly and through the e¤ect on the distributions of future types. First, we identify assumptions on the primitive environment that guarantee that our dynamic payo¤ formula is a necessary condition for incentive compatibility. Next, we specialize this formula to quasi-linear environments and show how it permits one to establish a dynamic revenue-equivalenceresult and to construct a formula for dynamic virtual surplus which is instrumental for the design of optimal mechanisms. We then turn to the characterization of su¢ cient conditions for incentive compatibility. Lastly, we show how our results can be put to work in a variety of applications that include the design of pro t-maximizing dynamic auctions with AR(k) values and the provision of experience goods. JEL numbers: D82, C73, L1. Keywords: dynamic mechanisms, asymmetric information, stochastic processes, incentives This paper supersedes previous working papers Revenue Equivalence, Pro t Maximization and Transparency in Dynamic Mechanismsby Segal and Toikka and Long-Term Contracting in a Changing World by Pavan. For comments and useful suggestions, we thank seminar participants at various conferences and institutions where this paper has been presented. A special thank is to Narayana Kocherlakota for very detailed comments. Pavan also thanks the hospitality of Collegio Carlo Alberto where part of this work was completed. Copyright 2008 by Alessandro Pavan, Ilya Segal, and Juuso Toikka. Any opinions expressed here are those of the authors and not those of Collegio Carlo Alberto.
Attitudes towards sad music are related to

Music-related sadness and its paradoxical pleasurable aspects have puzzled researchers for decades. Previous studies have highlighted the positive effects of listening to sad music, and the listening strategies that focus on mood-regulation. The present study explored people’s attitudes towards sad music by focusing on a representative sample of the Finnish population. 358 participants rated their agreement with 30 statements concerning attitudes towards sad music. The ratings were subjected to factor analysis, resulting in 6 factors explaining 51% of the variance ( RMSEA = 0.049). The factors were labeled AVOIDANCE, AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL, REVIVAL, APPRECIATION, INTERSUBJECTIVE, and AMPLIFICATION, and they were divided into two broad headings, preferential and contextual attitudes towards sad music. Contextual attitudes seemed to be ambiguous in terms of valence, whereas the preferential attitudes were more clearly identified in terms of positive/negative polarity. The results of the survey suggest that listening to sad music elicits a wide variety of responses that are not fully revealed in previous studies.