Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An iron cycle cascade governs the response of equatorial Pacific ecosystems to climate change

Earth System Models project that global climate change will reduce ocean net primary production (NPP), upper trophic level biota biomass and potential fisheries catches in the future, especially in the eastern equatorial Pacific. However, projections from Earth System Models are undermined by poorly constrained assumptions regarding the biological cycling of iron, which is the main limiting resource for NPP over large parts of the ocean. In this study, we show that the climate change trends in NPP and the biomass of upper trophic levels are strongly affected by modifying assumptions associated with phytoplankton iron uptake. Using a suite of model experiments, we find 21st century climate change impacts on regional NPP range from −12.3% to +2.4% under a high emissions climate change scenario. This wide range arises from variations in the efficiency of iron retention in the upper ocean in the eastern equatorial Pacific across different scenarios of biological iron uptake, which affect the strength of regional iron limitation. Those scenarios where nitrogen limitation replaced iron limitation showed the largest projected NPP declines, while those where iron limitation was more resilient displayed little future change. All model scenarios have similar skill in reproducing past inter‐annual variations in regional ocean NPP, largely due to limited change in the historical period. Ultimately, projections of end of century upper trophic level biomass change are altered by 50%–80% across all plausible scenarios. Overall, we find that uncertainties in the biological iron cycle cascade through open ocean pelagic ecosystems, from plankton to fish, affecting their evolution under climate change. This highlights additional challenges to developing effective conservation and fisheries management policies under climate change.
Effect of Roasting and Brewing on the Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Tartary Buckwheat

We evaluated the effect of the roasting and brewing conditions of Tartary buckwheat (TB), which is widely used in infusion teas, on its antioxidant and antiproliferative activities in vitro. TB was roasted at 210 °C for 10 min and brewed at a high temperature for a short time (HTST; 85–90 °C, 3 min) or at room temperature for a long time (RTLT; 25–30 °C, 24 h). Roasted TB (RTB) tea brewed at RTLT had the highest total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) among the four TB teas for different roasting and brewing conditions. Moreover, RTB brewed at RTLT showed the greatest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)-, and alkyl-scavenging activities. The TB tea brewed at RTLT had higher Fe2+-chelating activity than that brewed at HTST, irrespective of roasting. Moreover, RTB tea brewed at RTLT inhibited the proliferation of human pancreatic and breast cancer cells. Overall, RTB-RTLT displayed the largest effect on antioxidant and antiproliferative effects. Finally, rutin was found to possess the most pronounced effect on the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of the TB teas. These results indicate that the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of RTB are enhanced by RTLT brewing.
Comparative Study of the Mode of Action of Clinically Approved Platinum-Based Chemotherapeutics

Platinum drugs are among the most effective anticancer agents, but their mode of action is still not fully understood. We therefore carried out a systematic investigation on the cellular activities of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin in A498 kidney cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was higher for cisplatin and oxaliplatin compared to carboplatin, with induction of apoptosis as the preferred mode of cell death. Gene expression profiling displayed modulation of genes related to DNA damage response/repair, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis which was more pronounced upon oxaliplatin treatment. Furthermore, repression of specific DNA repair genes was restricted to oxaliplatin. Transcriptional level observations were further analyzed on the functional level. Uptake studies revealed low intracellular platinum accumulation and DNA platination upon carboplatin treatment. Removal of overall DNA platination was comparable for the three drugs. However, no processing of oxaliplatin-induced interstrand crosslinks was observed. Cisplatin and carboplatin influenced cell cycle distribution comparably, while oxaliplatin had no effect. Altogether, we found a similar mode of action for cisplatin and carboplatin, while the activity of oxaliplatin appeared to differ. This might be clinically relevant as due to the difference in mode of action oxaliplatin could be active in tumors which show resistance towards cisplatin and carboplatin.
Relationship Between Parent and Child Physical Activity Using Novel Acceleration Metrics

ABSTRACT Background: Raw acceleration data lend themselves to innovative metrics in which comparisons can be made across populations. This study examined whether the intensity gradient (IG) or average acceleration (AvAcc) was associated with body mass index (BMI) in children and adults and explored parent–child associations between time spent in physical activity intensities and BMI. Methods: Parent–child dyads (n = 90) wore a wrist-mounted ActiGraph GT3X+ monitor for ≥ 3 valid days (i.e., ≥ 16 hrs each day). Participants’ BMI was calculated. Results: Girls’ BMI-z scores were positively associated with parent BMI and inactive time. Parent BMI was negatively associated with boys’ inactive time. Parental inactive time predicted girls’ BMI-z scores. The metrics were not associated with parent BMI, and no independent effects were observed between the metrics. Associations between boys’ IG and BMI z-score were observed. No independent effects were observed between the metrics and no significant associations were observed between boys’ BMI z-score and AvAcc. Girls’ AvAcc and IG were not associated with BMI z-score and no independent effects were observed between the metrics. Conclusion: Findings support previous research which suggests that parent’s activity does not influence their child’s activity.
A Truncated Singleton NLR Causes Hybrid Necrosis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract Hybrid necrosis in plants arises from conflict between divergent alleles of immunity genes contributed by different parents, resulting in autoimmunity. We investigate a severe hybrid necrosis case in Arabidopsis thaliana, where the hybrid does not develop past the cotyledon stage and dies 3 weeks after sowing. Massive transcriptional changes take place in the hybrid, including the upregulation of most NLR (nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat) disease-resistance genes. This is due to an incompatible interaction between the singleton TIR-NLR gene DANGEROUS MIX 10 (DM10), which was recently relocated from a larger NLR cluster, and an unlinked locus, DANGEROUS MIX 11 (DM11). There are multiple DM10 allelic variants in the global A. thaliana population, several of which have premature stop codons. One of these, which has a truncated LRR–PL (leucine-rich repeat [LRR]–post-LRR) region, corresponds to the DM10 risk allele. The DM10 locus and the adjacent genomic region in the risk allele carriers are highly differentiated from those in the nonrisk carriers in the global A. thaliana population, suggesting that this allele became geographically widespread only relatively recently. The DM11 risk allele is much rarer and found only in two accessions from southwestern Spain—a region from which the DM10 risk haplotype is absent—indicating that the ranges of DM10 and DM11 risk alleles may be nonoverlapping.
The Potential of Human–Horse Attachment in Creating Favorable Settings for Professional Care: A Study of Adolescents’ Visit to a Farm

Simple Summary Although previous research has shown that the features of an attachment bond are fulfilled in human–dog dyads, it is still unclear if people may have horses as attachment figures. This paper examines whether adolescents’ contact with horses can result in attachment bonds and whether these forms of attachment hold any potential for motivating adolescents in professional care. The paper is based on a time-limited session where six girls and three boys, aged 16–17, were observing and interacting with free-roaming horses at a farm. The results suggest that the presence of horses may activate the development of attachment in adolescents in the same way people do. The four criteria of an attachment bond—proximity maintenance, safe haven, secure base, and separation distress—may be fulfilled in the interaction between a human and a horse. This promotes a therapeutically favorable environment for professional care that is appealing, unique, and accurate. The study provides insights into horses’ therapeutic potential in dealing with adolescents in need of professional therapy or care. Abstract Previous research has shown features of an attachment bond to be fulfilled in, for instance, human–dog dyads; however, there is a considerable lack of research on the potential attachment in human–horse relationships. Employing Bowlby’s criteria of an attachment bond and Pierce’s model of therapeutically powerful activity, this article studies whether short-term exposure to horses brings about elements of emerging attachment for adolescents and if this interaction holds potential in creating a favorable early-stage setting for professional care. It draws from group discussions carried out with nine 16–17-year-old adolescents who participated in an EASEL (Equine-Assisted Social and Emotional Learning) session when visiting a farm with a youth worker. A qualitative content analysis of the discussions revealed that some characteristics of the four principal criteria of an attachment bond—proximity maintenance, safe haven, secure base, and separation distress—were identifiable in the adolescents’ expressed experiences of observing and interacting with horses. Moreover, the three main sources of therapeutic power—appeal, accuracy, and intactness—intersected with the emerging development of the adolescents’ attachment to horses. Additionally, space for self-reflection was enhanced by the presence of the horses. The study offers insights into the potential of human–horse attachment in dealing with adolescents with and without special needs for various therapy and care purposes.
Food consumption on campus is associated with meal eating patterns among college students

Abstract This is a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained in the baseline of the Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (n 685) carried out in a public Brazilian university. Food intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. Dietary patterns (DP) for breakfast, lunch and dinner were identified using principal component analysis. Generalised linear models were used to analyse the variables associated with each DP. Three DP were extracted for each meal: breakfast: ‘White bread and butter/margarine’, ‘Coffee and tea’ and ‘Sausages, whole wheat bread and cheese’; lunch: ‘Traditional’, ‘Western’ and ‘Vegetarian’ and dinner: ‘Beans, rice and processed juice’, ‘White bread and butter/margarine’ and ‘White meat, eggs and natural juice’. Students who had meals at the campus showed greater adherence to the ‘White bread and butter/margarine’ (exp (βadj) = 1·15, 95 % CI 1·11, 1·19) and ‘Coffee and tea’ (exp (βadj) = 1·06, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·10) breakfast patterns; ‘Western’ lunch pattern (exp (βadj) = 1·04, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·08) and to the ‘Beans, rice and processed juice’ dinner pattern (exp (βadj) = 1·10, 95 % CI 1·06, 1·14). Having meals at the campus was associated with lower adherence to the ‘Sausages, whole wheat bread and cheese’ breakfast pattern (exp (βadj) = 0·93, 95 % CI 0·89, 0·97), ‘Traditional’ lunch pattern (exp (βadj) = 0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99) and to the ‘White bread and butter/margarine’ (exp (βadj) = 0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99) and ‘White meat, eggs and natural juice’ (exp (βadj) = 0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99) dinner pattern. The food environment at campus may influence students’ DP. Recognising meal eating patterns is important to support healthy eating promotion strategies on campus. Adjustments in the University Canteen menu could contribute to healthier eating choices among students.
Myocardial work in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes: An echocardiographic study

We aimed to investigate myocardial performance using pressure‐strain loops in hypertensive patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This cross‐sectional study included 165 subjects (55 controls, 60 hypertensive patients without DM, and 50 hypertensive patients with DM) who underwent complete two‐dimensional echocardiographic examination (2DE) including two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography. Pressure‐strain curve was used to determine global myocardial work index, constructive work, wasted work, and work efficiency in all study participants. Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal and circumferential strains gradually reduced from controls throughout hypertensive subjects to patients with DM and hypertension. Global myocardial work index gradually increased from controls, throughout hypertensive patients to subjects with hypertension and DM (1887 ± 289 vs 2073 ± 311 vs 2144 ± 345 mm Hg%, P = .001). Constructive work increased in the same direction (2040 ± 319 vs 2197 ± 344 vs 2355 ± 379 mm Hg%, P < .001). Work efficiency and wasted work did not differ between three observed groups. Glycosylated hemoglobin and systolic blood pressure were associated with global myocardial work and constructive work independently of age, body mass index, LV structural and functional parameters in all hypertensive participants. In conclusion, pressure‐strain curve showed that myocardial work was significantly affected by hypertension and diabetes. Diabetes demonstrated an additional negative effect on myocardial work in hypertensive patients.
Feed supplements vis-a-vis safe food through animal husbandry: A review

The aim of this article is to review the literature on producing the animals and animal products free from diseases producing organisms by using various kinds of feed supplements. Recent outbreaks of food-borne diseases highlight the need for reducing microbial pathogens in the foods of animal origin. Animal enteric pathogens are a direct source for food contamination. The safe dose of feed additives provides resistance against to many diseases like Coccidiosis, Salmonellosis and vibriosis etc. also decrease the resistance of diseases in animals infected with Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella. The role of supplementation of ionophore, antibiotics, organic acids, plant secondary metabolites, essential oils, probiotics etc are discused for safe animal production. In this way it is found that the uses of feed supplement have not only improved the productivity of animals; produces animals and animal products free from any kind of infestatious and infectious diseases.
Integrin‐associated ILK and PINCH1 protein content are reduced in skeletal muscle of maintenance haemodialysis patients

Patients with renal failure undergoing maintenance haemodialysis are associated with insulin resistance and protein metabolism dysfunction. Novel research suggests that disruption to the transmembrane protein linkage between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix in skeletal muscle may contribute to reduced amino acid metabolism and insulin resistance in haemodialysis. ILK, PINCH1 and pFAKTyr397 were significantly decreased in haemodialysis compared to controls, whereas Rac1 and Akt2 showed no different between groups. Rac1 deletion in the Rac1 knockout model did not alter the expression of integrin‐associated proteins. Phenylalanine kinetics were reduced in the haemodialysis group at 30 and 60 min post meal ingestion compared to controls; both groups showed similar levels of insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function. Key proteins in the integrin–cytoskeleton linkage are reduced in haemodialysis patients, suggesting for the first time that integrin‐associated proteins dysfunction may contribute to reduced phenylalanine flux without affecting insulin resistance in haemodialysis patients.
Worse long-term prognosis in myocardial infarction occurring at weekends or public holidays with insight into myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries.

INTRODUCTION The weekend effect in Polish myocardial infarction (MI) patients treated in the current network of cathlabs is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate long-term prognosis of MI admissions on weekends or public holidays (NWD) and on working days (WD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Enrolled were 865 MI patients hospitalized in the years 2012-2017. A long-term mortality within median time of 68.5 (36.7-78.4) months was determined in 223 (25.8%) patients admitted during NWD and in 642 (74.2%) on WD. RESULTS Patients admitted on NWD had more often ST elevation MI (STEMI) (41.3 vs 30.8%, P=0.005), left anterior descending artery as an infarct-related artery (38.1 vs 30.2%, P=0.031) and incomplete reperfusion expressed as Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 0/1 flow following primary angioplasty (6.8 vs 1.6%, P<0.001) as compared with subjects hospitalized during WD. Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) occurred less often in NWD (4.0 vs 9.0%, P=0.019). The all-cause long-term mortality was higher in NWD patients as compared with those admitted on WD (36.3 vs 28.4%, P=0.037). By Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates MI at NWD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.027, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.022-1.032, P<0.001) but not MINOCA (HR 0.971, 95% CI 0.595-1.583, P=0.91) was independently associated with long-term mortality. CONCLUSIONS Patients hospitalized during NWD as compared with those admitted on WD had a larger ischemic territory and more often transmural MI with incomplete epicardial reperfusion, what resulted in a higher long-term mortality. The latter outcome was not influenced by MINOCA.
Mitochondrial DNA evolution of tetraploids in the genus Neobatrachus (Anura: Myobatrachidae)

The Australian burrowing frog genus Neobatrachus currently contains six diploid and four tetraploid species that are recognized by a combination of morphological, cytogenetic, and behavioral characters. Sequences of the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene were used to reconstruct historical relationships among diploid and tetraploid species. Data were analyzed by using parsimony, minimum evolution, and maximum likelihood as optimality criteria. Based on our results, we hypothesize that there have been at least two origins of tetraploids: one gave rise to an "eastern" lineage (N. sudelli from Queensland and South Australia, N. centralis from South Australia and Western Australia, and N. aquilonius from the Northern Territory); the other gave rise to a "western" lineage (N. kunapalari and N. aquilonius from Western Australia). Origins of the eastern lineage from extant diploids were not resolved. Members of the western lineage may be derived from N. albipes or N. fulvus. We conclude that tetraploid lineages may be older than previously suggested, that there have been multiple origins of tetraploidy in Neobatrachus, and that some of the tetraploids may have speciated subsequent to their origin. Our results suggest a preliminary framework in which to address further questions on the origins of tetraploids and their subsequent patterns of speciation.
Effects of Social Media and Smartphone Use on Body Esteem in Female Adolescents: Testing a Cognitive and Affective Model

We examined the predictive relations of social media and smartphone use to body esteem in female adolescents and the mechanism that underlies these relations. As a result of frequent social media and smartphone use, adolescents are continually exposed to appearance-related media content. This likely reinforces a thin ideal and fosters appearance-based comparison and increases fear of external evaluation. Hence, we investigated a cognitive-affective framework in which the associations of social media and smartphone use with body esteem are serially mediated by cognitive internalization of an ideal body image, appearance comparisons, and social appearance anxiety. By testing female adolescents (N = 100) aged 13 to 18, we found that excessive social media use leads to unhealthy body esteem via intensified cognitive internalization, which aggravates appearance comparisons and anxiety regarding negative appearance evaluation. Further, we found that screen time for specific smartphone activities also harmed body esteem, independent of social media use. However, overall smartphone screen time did not affect body esteem when social media use was taken into consideration. Our findings underscore the multifactor mechanism that elucidates the negative impacts of social media and smartphone activities on body esteem in female adolescents, who are developmentally susceptible to poor body esteem.
Cystic fibrosis year in review 2019: Section 2 pulmonary disease and infections

During the year 2019, research and case reports or series in the field of cystic fibrosis (CF) were in abundance. To adequately address the large body of CF research published during 2019, the CF year in review will be divided into three sections. This report is the second section, focusing specifically on new research related to pulmonary disease and infections. Additional sections will concentrate on CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators and the multisystem effects of CF. It is an exciting time to be providing care for patients and their families with CF with all the exciting new discoveries that will be shared in these reviews.
Multifunctional and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for targeted therapeutic delivery

ABSTRACT Introduction Nanocarrier-based delivery systems offer multiple benefits to overcome limitations of the traditional drug dosage forms, such as protection of the drug, enhanced bioavailability, targeted delivery to disease site, etc. Nanocarriers have exhibited tremendous successes in targeted delivery of therapeutics to the desired tissues and cells with improved bioavailability, high drug loading capacity, enhanced intracellular delivery, and better therapeutic effect. A specific design of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers allows for changing their structural and physicochemical properties in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli. These nanocarriers show a promise in site specific controlled release of therapeutics under certain physiological conditions or external stimuli. Areas covered This review highlights recent progresses on the multifunctional and stimuli-sensitive nanocarriers for targeted therapeutic drug delivery applications. Expert opinion The progress from single functional to multifunctional nanocarriers has shown tremendous potential for targeted delivery of therapeutics. On our opinion, the future of targeted delivery of drugs, nucleic acids, and other substances belongs to the site-targeted multifunctional and stimuli-based nanoparticles with controlled release. Targeting of nanocarriers to the disease site enhance the efficacy of the treatment by delivering more therapeutics specifically to the affected cells and substantially limiting adverse side effects upon healthy organs, tissues, and cells.
Predictive implications of decreased CA19‐9 at 8 weeks during nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine for the induction of second‐line chemotherapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer

Second‐line (2L) chemotherapy after nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (AG) is important for improving the survival of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). However, many patients fail to receive 2L chemotherapy because of rapid disease progression. Therefore, early recognition of any ineffectiveness during AG might lead to an increased induction rate of 2L chemotherapy.