Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Background Althoughpeoplewith schizophrenia display impaired abilities for consent, it is notknownhowmuch impairmentconstitutes incapacity. Aims To assess amethod for determiningthecategoricalcapacitystatus of potentialparticipants in schizophrenia research. Method Expert-judgement validation of cap

Declaration of interest D.C.G. is on the advisoryboards of several pharmaceutical companies.Funding detailed in Acknowledgements. The ethics of research involving adults with impaired decision-making capacity remains a focus of policy discussions in the USA (Kim et al, 2004), of policy statements internationally (UNESCO, 2005), and a subject of new legislation in the UK (Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000; Mental Capacity Act 2005) and two US states (Kim et al, 2004). In particular, research involving people with schizophrenia has been controversial because as a group they have greater decisional impairment than healthy controls (Carpenter et al, 2000; Kovnick et al, 2003; Palmer et al, 2004). However, diagnosis cannot be equated with decisional incapacity because there is too much heterogeneity in decisional abilities (Grisso & Appelbaum, 1995b; Carpenter et al, 2000; Palmer et al, 2004). Although there are now instruments for assessing decisional ability, we currently lack an evidence-based method for translating those dimensional data into categorical judgements (Kim, 2006). In this study, we used the judgements of independent clinicians experienced in capacity assessments to address the following question: given that people with schizophrenia exhibit a range of decisional abilities, how can we use a standardised instrument to distinguish those who are capable from those who are incapable of informed consent? We asked the question in the context of a unique opportunity presented by a multisite clinical trial, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness – Schizophrenia (CATIE; Stroup et al, 2003), which used as part of its research protocol the most widely tested measure of decisional ability, the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool – Clinical Research (MacCAT– CR; Appelbaum & Grisso, 2001).
Structural Ramsey theory of metric spaces and topological dynamics of isometry groups

In 2003, Kechris, Pestov and Todorcevic showed that the structure of certain separable metric spaces - called ultrahomogeneous - is closely related to the combinatorial behavior of the class of their finite metric spaces. The purpose of the present paper is to explore the different aspects of this connection.
Families of Type {\rm III KMS} States on a Class of $C^*$-Algebras containing $O_n$ and $\mathcal{Q}_\N$

We construct a family of purely infinite $C^*$-algebras, $\mathcal{Q}^\lambda$ for $\lambda\in (0,1)$ that are classified by their $K$-groups. There is an action of the circle $\T$ with a unique ${\rm KMS}$ state $\psi$ on each $\mathcal{Q}^\lambda. $ For $\lambda=1/n,$ $\mathcal{Q}^{1/n}\cong O_n$, with its usual $\T$ action and ${\rm KMS}$ state. For $\lambda=p/q,$ rational in lowest terms, $\mathcal{Q}^\lambda\cong O_n$ ($n=q-p+1$) with UHF fixed point algebra of type $(pq)^\infty. $ For any $n>0,$ $\mathcal{Q}^\lambda\cong O_n$ for infinitely many $\lambda$ with distinct KMS states and UHF fixed-point algebras. For any $\lambda\in (0,1),$ $\mathcal{Q}^\lambda\neq O_\infty. $ For $\lambda$ irrational the fixed point algebras, are NOT AF and the $\mathcal{Q}^\lambda$ are usually NOT Cuntz algebras. For $\lambda$ transcendental, $K_1\cong K_0\cong\Z^\infty$, so that $\mathcal{Q}^\lambda$ is Cuntz' $\mathcal Q_{\N}$, \cite{Cu1}. If $\lambda^{\pm 1}$ are both algebraic integers, the {\bf only} $O_n$ which appear satisfy $n\equiv 3(mod 4). $ For each $\lambda$, the representation of $\mathcal{Q}^\lambda$ defined by the KMS state $\psi$ generates a type ${\rm III}_\lambda$ factor. These algebras fit into the framework of modular index (twisted cyclic) theory of \cite{CPR2,CRT} and \cite{CNNR}.
Gene Silencing through CRISPR Interference in Mycoplasmas

Mycoplasmas are pathogenic, genome-reduced bacteria. The development of such fields of science as system and synthetic biology is closely associated with them. Despite intensive research of different representatives of this genus, genetic manipulations remain challenging in mycoplasmas. Here we demonstrate a single-plasmid transposon-based CRISPRi system for the repression of gene expression in mycoplasmas. We show that selected expression determinants provide a level of dCas9 that does not lead to a significant slow-down of mycoplasma growth. For the first time we describe the proteomic response of genome-reduced bacteria to the expression of exogenous dcas9. The functionality of the resulting vector is confirmed by targeting the three genes coding transcription factors-fur, essential spxA, whiA, and histone-like protein hup1 in Mycoplasma gallisepticum. As a result, the expression level of each gene was decreased tenfold and influenced the mRNA level of predicted targets of transcription factors. To illustrate the versatility of this vector, we performed a knockdown of metabolic genes in a representative member of another cluster of the Mycoplasma genus-Mycoplasma hominis. The developed CRISPRi system is a powerful tool to discover the functioning of genes that are essential, decipher regulatory networks and that can help to identify novel drug targets to control Mycoplasma infections.
Influence of Gender on Sociolinguistic Attitudes as Reflected in Animal Metaphors

This study investigates how tweeters of different genders use animal metaphors in reference to others, and what this indicates about gender related attitudes. The focal framework utilized Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Searches for tweets included targeting soccer club names and animal names conducting a basic Twitter search at: https://Twitter.com/search-home. The 938 tweets that resulted were categorized into four groups according to the gender of the addresser and addressee, i.e. f/f, f/m, m/f, m/m. The tweets that resulted revealed patterns that were associated with the gender addresser/addressee categories. Females posted 90 dog, 35 donkey, 1 monkey, and 4 pig metaphors. Males posted 354 dog, 405 donkey, 23 monkey, and 17 pig metaphors. The pig and monkey metaphors were found to be the least frequently posted by either females or males. Tweeters did not use the animal metaphor pig in reference to females. It is probable that the metaphors monkey and pig were not posted as frequently as dog and donkey due to context, as Saudi Arabia is not the natural habitat of monkeys or pigs. Moreover, females were never name-called using the metaphors monkey and pig, as these terms suggest ugliness and impure sexuality, respectively. The etiquettes, and netiquettes, of communication within the Saudi speech community occlude references to such traits with regard to females. On their part, females posted very few tweets using the terms monkey and pig to address males, and only to express strong reproach when the males had broken netiquettes or engaged in wrongdoing.
Inversion of the Spherical Mean Transform with Sources on a Hyperplane

The object of this study is an integral operator $\mathcal{S}$ which averages functions in the Euclidean upper half-space $\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}$ over the half-spheres centered on the topological boundary $\partial \mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}$. By generalizing Norton's approach to the inversion of arc means in the upper half-plane, we intertwine $\mathcal{S}$ with a convolution operator $\mathcal{P}$. The latter integrates functions in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ over the translates of a paraboloid of revolution. Our main result is a set of inversion formulas for $\mathcal{P}$ and $\mathcal{S}$ derived using a combination of Fourier analysis and classical Radon theory. These formulas appear to be new and are suitable for practical reconstructions.
ISA-17 17th Joint ACL-ISO Workshop on Interoperable Semantic Annotation Workshop Proceedings

The paper presents ongoing efforts in design of a typology of metacognitive events observed in a multimodal dialogue. The typology will serve as a tool to identify relations between participants’ dispositions, dialogue actions and metacognitive indicators. It will be used to support an assessment of metacognitive knowledge, experiences and strategies of dialogue participants. Based on the multidimensional dialogue model defined within the framework of Dynamic Interpretation Theory and ISO 24617-2 annotation standard, the proposed approach provides a systematic analysis of metacognitive events in terms of dialogue acts, i.e. concepts that dialogue research community is used to operate on in dialogue modelling and system design tasks.
A chemistry lesson for citizenship

The aim of this study was to explore how the design of this chemistry lesson for citizenship influences students’ use of different perspectives in decision-making about ‘the use and sale of laughing gas’. In this study, ‘the use and sale of laughing gas among youth’ was chosen as a socio-scientific issue. This chemistry lesson for citizenship was designed according to the 5E instructional approach, and activating pedagogical methods and tools (i.e., group discussion, reading the information cards, taking notes, watching instructional videos) were used. Both the types of perspectives used and the effectiveness of the pedagogies implemented were explored. Twenty-three students from two classes participated in the study. The data were collected through five tools (four worksheets and a questionnaire). The students mainly used ‘scientist’ perspective by focusing on what research says about the possible consequences of inhaling laughing gas. The students also focused on ‘health’; principally, they referred to the relation between the amount of laughing gas used and the damage it may cause. As to the influential pedagogical elements of the lesson, the ‘videos’ were found to be the most effective and informative. In addition, the ‘group discussion’ was also found to be an influential activity of the lesson on making decisions about the use and sale of laughing gas. Therefore, our results suggest that the lesson design supported the students to recognize and use different perspectives to make informed decisions about the sale and use of laughing gas.
University of Dundee A Review of Machine Learning Methods for Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation and Artery/Vein Classification Mookiah,

The eye a ords a unique opportunity to inspect a rich part of the human microvasculature non-invasively via retinal imaging. Retinal blood vessel segmentation and classi cation are prime steps for the diagnosis and risk assessment of microvascular and systemic diseases. A high volume of techniques based on deep learning have been published in recent years. In this context, we review 158 papers published between 2012 and 2020, focussing on methods based on machine and deep learning (DL) for automatic vessel segmentation and classi cation for fundus camera images. We divide the methods into various classes by task (segmentation or artery-vein classi cation), technique class (supervised or unsupervised, deep and non-deep learning, hand-crafted methods) and more speci c algorithms (e.g. multiscale, morphology). We discuss advantages and limitations, and include tables summarising results at-a-glance. Finally, we attempt to assess the quantitative merit of DL methods in terms of accuracy improvement compared to other methods. The results allow us to o er our views on the outlook for vessel segmentation and classi cation for fundus camera images.
CD1d-Restricted CXCR6 in Homeostasis and Activation of Critical Role for the Chemokine Receptor

NK T (NKT) cells play important roles in the regulation of diverse immune responses. However, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate homeostasis and activation of these cells. Thymic NKT cells up-regulated the chemokine receptor CXCR6 following positive selection and migrated toward CXCL16 in vitro. However, CXCR6 was not essential for thymic development or maturation. In contrast, liver and lung NKT cells were depleted in CXCR6 (cid:1) / (cid:2) and CXCR6 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice. The reduction in liver and lung NKT cells coincided with an increase in bone marrow NKT cells, suggesting a redistribution of NKT cells in CXCR6 (cid:2) / (cid:2) animals. In wild-type mice, CXCL16 neutralization reduced accumulation of mature NK1.1 (cid:1) , but not immature NK1.1 (cid:2) NKT cell recent thymic emigrants in the liver. Given that thymic NKT cells are preferentially exported as NK1.1 (cid:2) cells, this suggests an additional role for CXCR6/CXCL16 in maturation or survival of immature liver NKT cells. CXCL16 blockade did not deplete resident NK1.1 (cid:1) NKT cells, indicating that CXCR6/CXCL16 are not required to retain mature NKT cells in the liver. Cytokine production by liver and spleen NKT cells was impaired in CXCR6 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice following in vivo stimulation with (cid:3) -galactosylceramide, implicating a novel role for CXCR6 in NKT cell activation. Reduced IFN- (cid:4) production was not due to an intrinsic defect as production was normal following PMA and ionomycin stimulation. Preformed transcripts for IL-4,
New shape of the chirped bright, dark optical solitons and complex solutions for (2+1)-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau equation and modulation instability analysis

A. Houwea,∗, M. Incb,c,d,†, D. Baleanu , H. Rezazadeh , and S. Y. Doka a Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, the University of Maroua, P.O Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon. ∗e-mail: ahouw220@yahoo.fr Biruni University, Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey Firat University, Science Faculty, Department of Mathematics, 23119 Elazig/Turkey. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University,
RÃ©Ã©valuation of Nitrate and Nitrite Levels in the Human Intestine1

Analyses of human fecal and ileostomy samples by a method that is sensitive and free from interferences indicate that nitrate and nitrite levels in the intestine are lower than reported pre viously. Fecal nitrate and nitrite concentrations ranged from 0 to 14 fimol/kg (0 to 0.9 ppm) and 5 to 19 /Â¿mol/kg (0.3 to 0.9 ppm), respectively. Ileostomy samples contained from 0 to 7 jumol/kg (0 to 0.4 ppm) and 0 to 15 j^mol/kg (0 to 0.7 ppm) for nitrate and nitrite, respectively. We also showed that, when deliberately added to feces samples, nitrate and nitrite were destroyed during a two-hr incubation period in a reaction that depended on the presence of microorganisms. The results suggest that conditions in the lower gastrointestinal tract favor denitrification, not nitrification as had been proposed previ ously.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in Brazil: introductory analysis Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes no Brasil: análise introdutória Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmesen Brasil: análisis introductorio

Introduction: Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) aims to reeducate the use of antimicrobials. Objective: To manage and evaluate the implementation of ASP in an Adult Intensive Care Unit in Brazilian hospitals. Method: Prospective cross-sectional study, reporting introductory data and factors that advised and helped to implement the ASP in 954 (55.6%) hospitals, corresponding to 25,565 beds, from all 27 Brazilian states.Results: Of the 954 hospitals, 453 (47.5%) have ASP, with the most regular factors being: 369 (81.5%) top management support; 343 (75.7%) availability of clinical protocols; 276 (60.9%) support and adherence by doctors and 259 (57.2%) official definition of the management team. The most difficult causes were: 202 (44.6%) operational team without defined or insufficient time; 134 (29.6%) lack of information technology support; 173 (38.2%) resistance or opposition from doctors and 116 (25.6%) lack of commitment from the teams. Conclusion: the implementation of ASP is an executable proposal for the optimization and rational use in the management of antimicrobials. In Brazil, this proposal will collaborate for direct actions in ICUs, guided by the government, with a relevant impact on the control of antimicrobial resistance. In Brazil, this proposal will contribute to direct actions in ICUs, guided by the government, with a relevant impact on the control of antimicrobial resistance. Brazil needs to improve all elements, with education and definition of responsibilities and professionals.
Moments, cumulants and diagram formulae for non-linear functionals of random measures

This survey provides a unified discussion of multiple integrals, moments, cumulants and diagram formulae associated with functionals of completely random measures. Our approach is combinatorial, as it is based on the algebraic formalism of partition lattices and Mobius functions. Gaussian and Poisson measures are treated in great detail. We also present several combinatorial interpretations of some recent CLTs involving sequences of random variables belonging to a fixed Wiener chaos.
Regular Polytopes Q such that Q = P / Z kp

One key problem in the theory of abstract polytopes is the so-called amalgamation problem. In its most general form, this is the problem of characterising the polytopes with given facets K and vertex figures L. The first step in solving it for particular K and L is to find the universal such polytope, which covers all the others. This article explains a construction that may be attempted on an arbitrary polytope P , which often yields an infinite family of finite polytopes covering P and sharing its facets and vertex figures. The existence of such an infinite family proves that the universal polytope is infinite; alternatively, the construction can produce an explicit example of an infinite polytope of the desired type. An algorithm for attempting the construction is explained, along with sufficient conditions for it to work. The construction is applied to a few K and L for which it was previously not known whether or not the universal polytope was infinite, or for which only a finite number of finite polytopes was previously known. It is conjectured that the construction is quite broadly applicable.
Impact of Legal Reforms on Financial Development

We use recently created longitudinal datasets measuring legal change over time to test whether the strengthening of shareholder and creditor rights leads to greater financial development. The hypothesis that law matters to financial development is rejected, both for a sample of 5 countries (France, Germany, India, UK and US) over 36 years (1970-2005) and for an extended sample of 25 developing, developed and transition systems over 11 years (1995-2005). We consider a number of reasons for the non-impact of legal change, including the inappropriateness of certain legal transplants and the failure of legal reforms to bed down in practice.
N=2 and N=4 supergravities as compactifications from string theories in 10 dimensions

We first review standard results of the compactification of type IIA and IIB supergravities on a Calabi-Yau threefold and illustrate mirror symmetry. Then we compactify the same theories on a class of generalized Calabi-Yau manifolds called Half-flat. We obtain the scalar potential, and we show that type IIA on a Half-flat manifold is mirror symmetric to type IIB on a Calabi-Yau threefold with electric NS-fluxes turned on. In the last part, we compute the full equations of motion for N=4 supergravity in central charge superspace with the graviphotons identified as central charge components of the vielbein. We show the equivalence with the formulation in components.
Real Mirror Symmetry and The Real Topological String

This thesis is concerned with real mirror symmetry, that is, mirror symmetry for a Calabi-Yau 3-fold background with a D-brane on a special Lagrangian 3-cycle defined by the real locus of an anti-holomorphic involution. More specifically, we will study real mirror symmetry by means of compact 1-parameter Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in weighted projective space (at tree-level) and non-compact local P2 (at higher genus). For the compact models, we identify mirror pairs of D-brane configurations in weighted projective space, derive the corresponding inhomogeneous Picard-Fuchs equations, and solve for the domainwall tensions as analytic functions over moduli space, thereby collecting evidence for real mirror symmetry at tree-level. A major outcome of this part is the prediction of the number of disk instantons ending on the D-brane for these models. Further, we study real mirror symmetry at higher genus using local P2. For that, we utilize the real topological string, that is, the topological string on a background with O-plane and D-brane on top. In detail, we calculate topological amplitudes using three complementary techniques. In the A-model, we refine localization on the moduli space of maps with respect to the torus action preserved by the anti-holomorphic involution. This leads to a computation of open and unoriented Gromov-Witten invariants that can be applied to any toric Calabi-Yau with involution. We then show that the full topological string amplitudes can be reproduced within the topological vertex formalism. Especially, we obtain the real topological vertex with trivial fixed leg. Finally, we verify that the same results arise in the B-model from the extended holomorphic anomaly equations, together with appropriate boundary conditions, thereby establishing local real mirror symmetry at higher genus. Significant outcomes of this part are the derivation of real Gopakumar-Vafa invariants at high Euler number and degree for local P2 and the discovery of a new kind of gap structure of the closed and unoriented topological amplitudes at the conifold point in moduli space.
Spectral properties of non-self-adjoint operators

This text is a slightly expanded version of my 6 hour mini-course at the PDE-meeting in \'Evian-les-Bains in June 2009. The first part gives some old and recent results on non-self-adjoint differential operators. The second part is devoted to recent results about Weyl distribution of eigenvalues of elliptic operators with small random perturbations.
uptake by onions : A preliminary case study from Sheffield , England 2 3

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Effects of Dietary Fat and Dose Level of 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a> anthracene on Mammary Tumor Incidence in Rats1

Female Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on a semisynthetic diet containing 20% corn oil developed more mammary tumors after treatment with a single p.o. dose of 7,12dimethylbenz(a)anthracene than rats treated similarly but fed a low-fat semisynthetic diet. The tumor yield varied with the dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, but the rats on high-fat diet developed more tumors at each of 3 dose levels tested. The type of diet fed after administration of 7,12dimethylbenz(a)anthracene had a greater influence on mammary tumor incidence than did the type fed before the carcinogen was given, indicating that the effect is exerted mainly at the promotional stage of mammary carcinogenesis.