Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LYMPHOID NEOPLASIA Adhesion to osteopontin in the bone marrow niche regulates lymphoblastic leukemia cell dormancy

Malignant cells may evade death from cytotoxic agents if they are in a dormant state. The hostmicroenvironmentplaysimportantrolesincancerprogression,buthownichesmight control cancer cell dormancy is little understood. Here we show that osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular matrix molecule secreted by osteoblasts, can function to anchor leukemic blasts in anatomic locations supporting tumor dormancy. We demonstrate that acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells specifically adhere to OPN in vitro and secrete OPN when localized to the endosteal niche in vivo. Using intravital microscopy to perform imaging studies of the calvarial bone marrow (BM) of xenograftedmice, we show that OPN is highly expressed adjacent to dormant tumor cells within the marrow. Inhibition of the OPN-signaling axis significantly increases the leukemic cell Ki-67 proliferative index and leads to a twofold increase in tumor burden in treated mice. Moreover, using cell-cycle–dependent Ara-C chemotherapy to produce minimal residual disease (MRD) in leukemic mice, we show that OPN neutralization synergizes with Ara-C to reduce detectable BM MRD. Taken together, these data suggest that ALL interacts with extracellular OPN within the malignant BM, and that this interaction induces cell cycle exit in leukemic blasts, protecting them from cytotoxic chemotherapy. ( Blood . 2013;121(24):4821-4831) endosteum. migrate to the endosteum in response to niche-specific chemokine expression. Once within the niche, blasts use integrin receptors such as VLA-4 to adhere to extracellular OPN produced locally by osteoblasts. This interaction confines them to the endosteal niche, where blast-derived OPN is also incorporated into the ECM. Additional local niche-specific factors induce cell cycle exit and leukemia dormancy. Dormant blasts insensitive to chemotherapy agents target cells
Statistical analysis of measured polarimetric clutter data at different range resolutions

This paper deals with the statistical modelling of radar backscattering from sea surface at low-grazing angles in high resolution radar systems. High-resolution polarimetric data at different range resolutions (60, 30, 15, 9 and 3 m) are analysed to highlight the differences in clutter statistical behaviour due to changes of resolution and/or polarisation. The clutter data were recorded by the IPIX radar of McMaster University in Grimsby, Ontario, Canada
Barchan‐shaped ripple marks in a wave flume

Barchans, isolated crescent‐shaped bedforms, are believed to be formed under almost unidirectional wind or water ﬂows and limited sand supply. The formation of barchan morphologies under the action of purely oscillatory wave motion has not yet been fully investigated. The present study attempted to form barchan topography in a wave ﬂume and to compare this with barchans in the ﬁeld. Barchan morphologies of ripple size, called the barchan ripples, were generated from a ﬂat bed by the action of waves. The horn width, the distance between horn tips, of the barchan ripples increased linearly with an increase in the total length, the overall length projected on the centre line of the barchan, with a coefﬁcient common to barchan dunes in deserts. The ratio of horn length to horn width of the barchan ripples was smaller than that of barchan dunes, but similar to that of subaqueous barchans in the ﬁeld. The longer the wave period was, the larger the ratio of the body length to horn width became. Most subaqueous barchans formed under waves (in the laboratory) and unidirectional ﬂows (in the ﬁeld) had blunter horns than subaerial barchans. The shape of the barchan ripples changed with wave period. The outer rim became rounder with increasing wave period. The relationship between the base area and the height of barchan morphologies seems to be linear, with a constant coefﬁcient for the scale from ripples to dunes. The barchan ripples showed a linear relationship between the height and the horn width, similar to that for barchan dunes. The migration speed of the barchan ripples was proportional to the cube of the ﬂow velocity and was inversely proportional to height. The same relation with a different value of the coefﬁcient was obtained for barchan dunes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PETROCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE ALKALIC ROCKS OF THE MOROTU DISTRICT, SAKHALIN

The alkalic rocks of the Morotu district occur as sheets, laccoliths, and dikes in the Tertiary formations and are probably Pliocene. The rocks vary from dolerite, the most abundant, through monzonite to syenite. Most of the intrusive bodies, except small sheets and dikes, are composed of dolerite in the marginal parts and monzonite or syenite or both in the central parts, with gradational boundaries. Monzonite and syenite also occur as irregular veinlets or schlieren in the doleritic parts, with sharp boundaries. Thus differentiation in situ is strikingly displayed. These intrusive bodies are, therefore, formed by composite intrusion. Contact effects of the intrusions on the Tertiary formations are weak and are confined to the immediate contact zone. Phenomena of assimilation have not been observed. Principal minerals of these rocks are plagioclase, anorthoclase, microperthite, olivine, titan- and alkali-pyroxenes, alkali-amphiboles, titanbiotite, analcite, and iron ores. Feldspar evolves from labradorite to oligoclase and is joined by anorthoclase and microperthite in the later stage. The trend is always toward enrichment in the Or molecule. Pyroxene, the most important mafic mineral, forms a continuous reaction series from diopsidic augite through titanaugite, soda-augite, and aegirinaugite to aegirine. Amphibole also forms a reaction series from barkevikite through kaersutite and hastingsite to arfvedsonite, but it is not clear whether their relation is continuous or discontinuous. Biotite is abundant in the dolerites, but very low in the syenites. Analcite is abundant in all rocks, apparently formed hydrothermally in the later stages. Chemically these rocks range from 46 to 61 per cent SiO 2 . Their alkali-lime index is 50.0, placing the suite in the “alkalic series. ” The parental magma is inferred to be olivine basaltic magma with moderately alkalic affinity. The various rock types are believed to have been formed chiefly by crystallization differentiation from the parental magma after it intruded into the present position. Volatile components have also played an important role during crystallization, especially in the later stage. There is no absolute enrichment in iron throughout the crystallization course of the Morotu rocks. It is inferred that not only the shape of the intrusive bodies but also the composition of the parental magma determine whether iron enrichment or alkali and silica enrichment will prevail in the intrusive bodies. Its geographical position, its period of activity, and its petrological character justify the conclusion that the Morotu district constitutes the northeastern end of the Circum-Japan Sea province of Cenozoic alkalic rocks.
Long‐term seismicity of Istanbul and of the Marmara Sea region

We examine the long-term seismicity of the Marmara Sea region in Turkey over a period of twenty centuries to attempt to answer two questions: (1) how well recorded in history is the earthquake activity of this region? and (2) does seismicity over this long period of time differ from that over the present century? We study this densely-populated and fast-developing region because it is one of the most tectonically active regions on the continents that appears today to be relatively quiescent.
From prenatal care to childbirth: a cross-sectional study on the influence of a companion on good obstetric practices in the Brazilian National Health System in Santa Catarina State, 2019*

Objective: To analyze association between presence of a companion during prenatal consultations and childbirth and quality of care received by puerperal women using the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). Methods: This was a crosssectional study with puerperal women who underwent prenatal care and delivery on the SUS in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, in 2019, and who were interviewed within 48 hours postpartum. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. Results: 3,580 puerperal women were interviewed. In prenatal care, presence of a companion was positively associated with receiving guidance from health professionals (PR=1.27 – 95%CI 1.08;1.50) and building a birth plan (PR=1.51 – 95%CI 1.15;1.97). At delivery, presence of a companion was associated with greater receipt of analgesics (PR=2.89 – 95%CI 1.40;5.97), non-pharmacological pain relief management (PR=1.96 – 95%CI 1.44;2.65), choice of position for delivery (PR=1.63 – 95%CI 1.24;2.16) and less likelihood of being strapped down (PR=0.47 – 95%CI 0.35;0.63). Conclusion: Presence of a companion during prenatal care and delivery was associated with better quality of care.
Precipitation over Scotland, 1757–1992: Some aspects of temporal variability

A 236-year time series (1757–1992) of monthly areal average precipitation for Scotland is produced using the ‘official’ record compiled by the Meteorological Office (UKMO) from 1869 onwards, corrected for known inhomogeneities, and extended back to 1757 using previously unpublished data from the UKMO. The complete series is evaluated and examined for fluctuations and extreme values with particular reference to observed precipitation increases over the last two decades. Recent increases in annual precipitation, and associated seasonal variations, are judged to be unusual despite the recognition of a longer term trend to higher annual and winter values. Correlations of precipitation since 1869 with Lamb weather types show differences within the record and from other work, which suggest that this index does not fully capture the synoptic conditions relevant to precipitation over Scotland as a whole. The series since 1869 was also used to test the predictive value of climatic normals for 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years alongside the standard 30-year averages of precipitation. It is suggested that the best estimate of seasonal and annual precipitation totals for the following year can be achieved by the application of 3- and 5-year normals, rather than by using precipitation averages of longer duration.
in endothelial cells for initial vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, although they are required for

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. *Present address: Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 14, Boston, MA 02114, USA † Author for correspondence (rohynes@mit.edu) Accepted 6 May 2010 SUMMARY Integrin cell adhesion receptors and fibronectin, one of their extracellular matrix ligands, have been demonstrated to be important for angiogenesis using functional perturbation studies and complete knockout mouse models. Here, we report on the roles of the  5 and  v integrins, which are the major endothelial fibronectin receptors, in developmental angiogenesis. We generated an integrin  5-floxed mouse line and ablated  5 integrin in endothelial cells. Unexpectedly, endothelial-specific knockout of integrin  5 has no obvious effect on developmental angiogenesis. We provide evidence for genetic interaction between mutations in integrin  5 and  v and for overlapping functions and compensation between these integrins and perhaps others. Nonetheless, in embryos lacking both  5 and  v integrins in their endothelial cells, initial vasculogenesis and angiogenesis proceed normally, at least up to E11.5, including the formation of apparently normal embryonic vasculature and development of the branchial arches. However, in the absence of endothelial  5 and  v integrins, but not of either alone, there are extensive defects in remodeling of the great vessels and heart resulting in death at ~E14.5. We also found that fibronectin assembly is somewhat affected in integrin  5 knockout endothelial cells and markedly reduced in integrin  5/  v double-knockout endothelial cell laboratory). HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Jackson ImmunoResearch: goat anti-rabbit and sheep anti-mouse IgM and HRP-streptavidin. Blots were developed using Western-Lightning
Sleep directly following learning benefits consolidation of spatial associative memory.

The last decade has brought forth convincing evidence for a role of sleep in non-declarative memory. A similar function of sleep in episodic memory is supported by various correlational studies, but direct evidence is limited. Here we show that cued recall of face-location associations is significantly higher following a 12-h retention interval containing sleep than following an equally long period of waking. Furthermore, retention is significantly higher over a 24-h sleep-wake interval than over an equally long wake-sleep interval. This difference occurs because retention during sleep was significantly better when sleep followed learning directly, rather than after a day of waking. These data demonstrate a beneficial effect of sleep on memory that cannot be explained solely as a consequence of reduced interference. Rather, our findings suggest a competitive consolidation process, in which the fate of a memory depends, at least in part, on its relative stability at sleep onset: Strong memories tend to be preserved, while weaker memories erode still further. An important aspect of memory consolidation may thus result from the removal of irrelevant memory "debris. "
Simulation of Daily Soil Moisture Content and Reconstruction of Drought Events from the Early 20 th Century in Seoul, Korea, using a Hydrological Simulation Model, BROOK

ABSTRACT: To understand day-to-day fluctuations in soil moisture content in Seoul, I simulated daily soil moisture content from 1908 to 2009 using long-term climatic precipitation and temperature data collected at the Surface Synoptic Meteorological Station in Seoul for the last 98 years with a hydrological simulation model, BROOK. The output data set from the BROOK model allowed me to examine day-to-day fluctuations and the severity and duration of droughts in the Seoul area. Although the soil moisture content is highly dependent on the occurrence of precipitation, the pattern of changes in daily soil moisture content was clearly quite different from that of precipitation. Generally, there were several phases in the dynamics of daily soil moisture content. The period from mid-May to late June can be categorized as the initial period of decreasing soil moisture content. With the initiation of the monsoon season in late June, soil moisture content sharply increases until mid-July. From the termination of the rainy season in mid-July, daily soil moisture content decreases again. Highly stochastic events of typhoons from late June to October bring large amount of rain to the Korean peninsula, culminating in late August, and increase the soil moisture content again from late August to early September. From early September until early October, another sharp decrease in soil moisture content was observed. The period from early October to mid-May of the next year can be categorized as a recharging period when soil moisture content shows an increasing trend. It is interesting to note that no statistically significant increase in mean annual soil moisture content in Seoul, Korea was observed over the last 98 years. By simulating daily soil moisture content, I was also able to reconstruct drought phenomena to understand the severity and duration of droughts in Seoul area. During the period from 1908 to 2009, droughts in the years 1913, 1979, 1939, and 2006 were categorized as ‘severe’ and those in 1988 and 1982 were categorized as ‘extreme’. This information provides ecologists with further potential to interpret natural phenomenon, including tree growth and the decline of tree species in Korea. Key words: BROOK model, daily soil moisture content, drought duration, drought severity, fluctuation of soil moisture content, hydrological simulation model, Seoul
Automatic Analysis System of Calcaneus Radiograph: Rotation-Invariant Landmark Detection for Calcaneal Angle Measurement, Fracture Identification and Fracture Region Segmentation.

Calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone to withstand the daily stresses of weight bearing. The calcaneal fracture is the most common type in the tarsal bone fractures. After a fracture is suspected, plain radiographs should be taken first. Bohler's Angle (BA) and Critical Angle of Gissane (CAG), measured by four anatomic landmarks in lateral foot radiograph, can guide fracture diagnosis and facilitate operative recovery of the fractured calcaneus. The aim of this study is to develop an analysis system that can automatically locate four anatomic landmarks, measure BA and CAG for fracture assessment, identify fractured calcaneus and segment fractured regions. For landmark detection, we proposed a coarse-to-fine Rotation-Invariant Regression-Voting (RIRV) landmark detection method based on Supported Vector Regression (SVR) and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) patch descriptor, to solve the problem of fickle rotation of calcaneus. By implementing a novel normalization approach, the RIRV method is explicitly rotation-invariance comparing with traditional regressive method. For fracture identification and segmentation, a convolution neural network (CNN) based on U-Net with auxiliary classification head (U-Net-CH) is designed. The input ROIs of the CNN are normalized by detected landmarks to uniform view, orientation and scale. The advantage of this approach is the multi-task learning that combines classification and segmentation. Our system can accurately measure BA and CAG with mean angle error of 3.8 and 6.2 respectively. For fracture identification and fracture region segmentation, our system presents good performance with F1-score of 98.37%, recall of 98.77% and segmentation IoU-score of 0.568.
Dysfunctional Action Monitoring Hyperactivates Frontal–striatal Circuits in Obsessive–compulsive Disorder: an Event-related Fmri Study

Converging evidence suggests that hyperactivity in frontal–striatal circuits and in action-monitoring processes characterizes obsessive– compulsive disorder (OCD). It remains unclear, however, just how these abnormalities in brain function translate into the cognitive, affective, and behavioral manifestations of OCD. One possibility is that exaggerated or false error signals generated by the anterior cingulate (ACC) underlie compulsive behaviors by triggering the feeling that things are bnot just rightQ even when no actual error has been made. Since recurrent compulsive behavior typically follows correct completion of a behavioral task (e.g., hand washing), ACC hyperactivity should be observed during correctly completed, high-conflict trials as well as during error trials. Frontal–striatal regions would also be expected to be activated during both trial types, as these regions are robustly associated with OCD across multiple neuroimaging paradigms. To test this hypothesis, 14 OCD patients and 14 matched controls completed a speeded reaction time task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Only correctly rejected, high-conflict trials produced excessive activation in both action monitoring (rostral and caudal ACC, LPFC) and frontal striatal regions (lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), caudate, and thalamus) among OCD patients when compared to healthy controls. Portions of the posterior cingulate were also hyperactive among OCD patients. These results suggest that correctly rejected, high-conflict trials that require response inhibition may provide a better model than error trials of compulsive behaviors in OCD.
Pro-vaccine messages may be counterproductive among vaccine-hesitant parents

Commentary on : Nyhan B, Reifler J, Richey S, et al. Effective messages in vaccine promotion: a randomized trial. Pediatrics 2014;133:e835–42. [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Although childhood vaccine uptake is generally high in industrialised countries such as the UK, pockets of lower uptake still allow disease outbreaks. Much under -immunisation is due to difficulties with accessing services, while a small proportion of parents reject immunisation. Although definitions vary, ‘vaccine hesitancy’ is the neologism applicable to the attitude of those parents neither readily accepting nor totally refusing vaccines. Despite a lack of measurement over time, it has been suggested that vaccine hesitancy is increasing. This is a cause for concern, since vaccine-hesitant parents may delay protecting children or even reject specific vaccines. This group may also be more likely to reject vaccines if there is a ‘scare’. Importantly, by not totally … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DPediatrics%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1542%252Fpeds.2013-2365%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F24590751%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink? linkType=ABST&journalCode=pediatrics&resid=133/4/e835&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F6%2F219.atom
Is Voice Processing Species-specific in Human Auditory Cortex? an Fmri Study

Recent studies suggested a sensitivity of regions of the human superior temporal sulcus (STS) to the sound of the human voice. However, the question of the species specificity of this response is still open. Healthy adult volunteers were scanned in an event-related fMRI design to compare responses in the STS to human and animal vocalizations, as well as to control nonvocal sounds (e.g., musical instruments). Bilateral activation of anterior STS was observed for human vocalizations, when contrasted with both nonvocal sounds and animal vocalizations. Animal vocalizations, compared to nonvocal sounds, elicited a more restricted left STS activation, although this region responded even more strongly to human vocalizations. This study provides the first evidence suggesting a species specificity in STS responses to vocal-izations in humans.
Hippocampus

DeKraker et al. aimed to overcome this challenge using a unique combination of three methods. First, they leveraged a histological dataset with unprecedented 3D coverage, BigBrain. Second, they imposed a computational unfolding framework that respects the topological continuity of hippocampal subfields, which are traditionally defined by laminar composition. Third, they adapted neocortical parcellation techniques to map the hippocampus with respect to not only laminar but also morphological features. Unsupervised clustering of these features revealed subdivisions that closely resemble gold standard manual subfield segmentations. Critically, they also show that morphological features alone are sufficient to derive most hippocampal subfield boundaries. Moreover, some features showed differences within subfields along the hippocampal longitudinal axis. Our findings highlight new characteristics of the internal hippocampal structure and offer new avenues for its characterization with in-vivo neuroimaging .
Statistical study of thin current sheet evolution around substorm onset

[1] The spatial distribution of current sheet thinning in the substorm growth phase is examined statistically using Geotail data. The current density is calculated from the ion and electron velocity moments. It is found that the current sheet becomes thin before the onset mainly on the Earthward side of the initial near-Earth neutral line (NENL) position and becomes less than 0.5 RE on average. However, on the tailward side of the NENL position, the current sheet becomes thin only after the onset. This result implies that the NENL forms at or near the tailward edge of the thin current sheet. An intense current sheet is formed in the center of the plasma sheet on average, but the largest current density is temporarily observed in the off-neutral sheet region, indicating the formation of a double-peaked current sheet. The current carriers becomes mainly electrons in the thin current sheet under the existence of the ambipolar electric field directed toward the neutral sheet.