Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Least limiting water range in soil under crop rotations and chiseling

A disponibilidade de agua as plantas e alterada pela compactacao do solo e outras variaveis. O Intervalo Hidrico Otimo (IHO) integra variaveis fisicas do solo que alteram o crescimento radicular e a disponibilidade de agua e pode ser manejado por metodos mecânicos ou biologicos. Ha evidencias de que os efeitos da rotacao de culturas sao mais duradouros que os da escarificacao. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da escarificacao e, ou, rotacao de culturas em sistema de semeadura direta (SSD) no IHO. Rotacoes envolvendo triticale (X Triticosecale) e girassol (Helianthus annuus) no outono-inverno e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) e crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea) com plantas de cobertura precedendo a soja (Glycine max) foram repetidas por tres anos. No tratamento com escarificacao, a area foi deixada em pousio entre as culturas de outono-inverno e verao. O experimento foi conduzido em Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brasil, de 2003 a 2006 em um Nitossolo Vermelho. O IHO foi determinado em amostras de solo das profundidades de 0-20 e 20-40 cm, logo apos a dessecacao quimica das plantas de cobertura, em dezembro do primeiro e do terceiro ano do experimento. A escarificacao diminui a densidade do solo na camada de 0-20 cm, aumentando o IHO por meio da reducao da umidade do solo em que a resistencia a penetracao atinge 2,0 MPa; esse efeito mantem-se ate o terceiro ano apos a escarificacao, podendo chegar a ate 40 cm de profundidade. As rotacoes de culturas envolvendo girassol + crotalaria, triticale + milheto e triticale + crotalaria por tres anos ajudaram a prevenir o aumento na densidade do solo acima do valor critico na camada de 0-20 cm. Esse efeito e observado na camada de 20- 40 cm apos tres anos da escarificacao e com rotacoes de culturas envolvendo sorgo. Assim, a escarificacao e algumas rotacoes de culturas em sistema de semeadura direta sao eficientes em melhorar a qualidade do solo avaliada pelo IHO.
Auxiliary Field Theory of Polymers with Intrinsic Curvature

We treat polymer chains with an intrinsic curvature, which we model by a continuum extension of a microscopic model with preferred bending angle. From this model, we obtain a modified form of the mean- field Hamiltonian used to describe semiflexible chains. We then employ an auxiliary field operator to enforce the mean curvature constraint along with a torsional constraint. Using this formalism, we provide analytic results for the tangent-tangent correlator 〈u(s)‚u(s')〉, mean square radius of gyration 〈S2〉, and mean square separation 〈R2〉. We also obtain approximate results for the force-extension behavior of these chains, and discuss possible extensions to curved polymers with excluded volume and other self-interactions.
A mathematical-model for the electrolytic codeposition of particles with a metallic matrix

Over the last decade the general knowledge of the electrolytic codeposition of inert particles with metals has increased markedly, and a few models have been proposed. In this paper a new model that overcomes several of the shortcomings of the previously proposed models is developed starting from a statistical approach of the incorporation of particles. The validity of the new model is shown for two experimental codeposition systems, namely, from acidic sulfate baths and from additive‐free potassium cyanide baths.
Ultrafast spray pyrolysis fabrication of a nanophase ZnMn2O4 anode towards high-performance Li-ion batteries

In this study, a facile, ultrafast and green spray pyrolysis strategy was developed well to efficiently fabricate nanophase ZnMn2O4 (ZMO–W) with homogeneous composition from an aqueous spray solution of manganous acetate and zinc acetate. Compared with other ZMO samples prepared by utilizing absolute ethanol and ethylene glycol as solvents, the ZMO–W product displayed competitively cost-effective advantages with the comprehensive consideration of cost and performance. When evaluated as a promising anode for Li-ion batteries (LIBs), the resultant ZMO–W exhibited large initial specific capacity (∼1023 mA h g−1), good rate capability, and excellent cycling stability (average capacity degradation of only ∼4.0% per cycle) at 1 C rate. Benefiting from an ultrafast reaction process in seconds, a high yield (∼100%), environmental friendliness (no NOx emission) and simple equipment requirements (just a tubular furnace), the synthetic methodology we developed here possesses significant potential for rapid large-scale production of advanced ZMO and even other binary transition metal oxides for industrial applications of LIBs.
HYDRODYNAMICS AND STABILITY OF SLOT-RECTANGULAR SPOUTED BEDS PART II: INCREASING BED THICKNESS

Tests were carried out with rectangular spouted bed columns of different thickness, i.e., front-to-back dimension, while holding the column width and air-entry slot width constant, to investigate the effects on spoul stability and bed hydrodynamics. For the three sizes of glass beads and one size of polyethylene beads examined, increasing the column thickness led to three-dimensional effects, such as formation of multiple spouts, and affected such hydrodynamics variables as the minimum spouting velocity, maximum spoutable bed depth and maximum pressure drop.
Theory of Toeplitz Determinants and the Spin Correlations of the Two-Dimensional Ising Model. III

We consider the rectangular Ising model on a half-plane of infinite extent and study some of the consequences connected with the presence of the boundary. Only the spins on the boundary row are allowed to interact with a magnetic field $\mathfrak{H}$. The method of Pfaffians is employed to obtain exact expressions for the partition function. It is found that the free energy is the sum of two terms, one of which is independent of $\mathfrak{H}$ and proportional to the total number of lattice sites, while the other depends on $\mathfrak{H}$ and is proportional to the number of lattice sites on the boundary. This separation makes it possible to define various thermodynamic quantities associated with the boundary. In particular, the boundary magnetization is shown to be discontinuous, in the ferromagnetic case, at zero magnetic field for temperatures below the bulk critical temperature ${T}_{c}$. This discontinuity, which is the spontaneous boundary magnetization, goes to zero as ${(1\ensuremath{-}\frac{T}{{T}_{c}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{c}\ensuremath{-}$. For $T={T}_{c}$, the discontinuity is of course absent, and the boundary magnetization behaves as $\ensuremath{-}\mathfrak{H}\mathrm{ln}\mathfrak{H}$ for small $\mathfrak{H}$. The boundary susceptibility at zero magnetic field in the ferromagnetic case exhibits a logarithmic singularity at $T={T}_{c}$, both above and below transition. An interesting feature is that the ferromagnetic boundary magnetization, although discontinuous for $Tl{T}_{c}$, may be analytically continued beyond the point $\mathfrak{H}=0$. We interpret this as a hystersis phenomenon which we study in detail by computing the probability distribution function for the average boundary spin. The correlation function for two spins, both on the boundary row, is also obtained exactly and its asymptotic behavior is given. Finally, we derive an expression for the magnetization in any row and explicitly evaluate it for the second row, i.e., the row next to the boundary.
Effect of a Strong Electric Field on the Reentrant Nematic to Smectic Ad Phase Transition

We report experimental studies on the effect of a strong electric field on the nematic-smectic A d (N-A d ) and A -reentrant nematic (A d -N R ) phase transitions in a binary mixture. Both the transition temperatures increase with field. The A -N transition point changes much more rapidly than that of A d -N transition, indicating that the A d phase will get bounded at a sufficiently high field. We have included the effect of the electric field in our molecular model of reentrant phases in highly polar compounds, in which the mutual orientation of near neighbour molecules changes from an antiparallel to a parallel configuration as the temperature is lowered. It is argued that the cross-over temperature increases with field which accounts for the observed trends. For suitable parameters, it is also predicted that either a nematic-nematic transition line can branch off from the A d -N R line or a smectic A-smectic A transition line can meet the A d -N R line at an appropriate field. In the latter case, the A d -N R line has an associated slope change which is consistent with the experimental data.
Influence of fruit positions and fruit retention loads on seed quality parameters of okra

An experiment was conducted in 2016 by using Factorial Completely Randomized Design with three replications to find out the influence of fruit positions and fruit retention loads on seed quality parameters of okra. The okra variety, Arka Anamika was tested with 12 treatment combinations (consisted of two fruit retention loads as factor – I and six fruit positions as factor – II) in field experiment at Vegetable research Farm, Kalyanpur, C.S. Azad university of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. harvested seeds were subjected to laboratory analysis in the department of Seed Science and technology, C.S. Azad university of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. Observations were recorded on seed quality parameters. Significantly highest values for test weight (g), standard germination (%), seed density (g/cc), root length(cm), shoot length(cm), total seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (g), speed of germination, seed vigour index-I and seed vigour index-II and lowest value for hard seeds (%) were recorded in R1 (Retention of fruits borne on different nodes for seed purpose and harvesting remaining fruits for vegetable purpose) fruit retention load over R 2 ((Retaining all fruits for seed purpose). Among the fruit positions, P1 (From fruits borne on 1-3 nodes) position recorded significantly maximum values for all the studied parameters except hard seeds (%). Thus, it is concluded from the research work that for harvesting vigorous and good quality seed, the treatment combination R1P1 (Retention of fruits borne on 1-3 nodes for seed purpose and harvesting remaining fruits for vegetable purpose) may be adopted as it exhibited superior performance over other treatment combinations for all the seed quality parameters under study.
Reply to Quaresima and Ferrari

to the editor: We thank Drs. Quaresima and Ferrari ([16][1]) for alerting us to their disquiet regarding our statement that HHb (deoxygenated hemoglobin) is “relatively insensitive to blood volume changes during exercise and thus reflects the balance between O2 delivery and utilization. ” However
Shock response of pentaerythritol tetranitrate single crystals

The shock response of single crystals of the explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate was studied from 3.4 to 19 GPa. Four orientations, 〈110〉, 〈001〉, 〈101〉, and 〈100〉 were studied. The shock Hugoniot and shock initiation sensitivities were measured in wedge tests. Intermediate velocity transitions were noted. A sensitivity anomaly near 4 GPa was discovered for 〈110〉 orientations. Chemiluminescent phenomena associated with this anomaly were studied using framing photography and uv/visible spectroscopy. Both plane‐wave explosive and gas‐gun impact experiments were done. Analysis of the steric hindrance occurring during edge dislocation motion in the shear flow associated with shock‐induced uniaxial strain was done. The results corroborate the hypothesis that the orientation dependence of shock initiation sensitivity is due to the anisotropy of plastic flow, that is, the relative ease of slip in different orientations.
The Importance of Surface Area and Specific Reactivity in the Acute Pulmonary Inflammatory Response to Particles

A range of different particle types cause excessive lung inflammation that is thought to play a role in the various types of pathology they produce. Recently attention has been focused on ultrafine particles and the phenomenon of rat lung overload. The authors and their collaborators have shown previously that the surface area metric drives the overload response. Acute inflammatory response following instillation of particles has also been used to evaluate hazard but has been criticized because of the non-physiological delivery and the problems of local overload. We have instilled a number of low-toxicity dusts of various particle sizes and assessed neutrophil influx into the lung at 18–24 h. The extent of inflammation has been shown to be a function of the surface area instilled. Since ultrafine particles present a ‘special’ case of high surface area, they are relatively inflammogenic. There is no evidence that ultrafine particles of carbon black, titanium dioxide or latex have any special reactivity in addition to their large surface area. We tested whether we could use this approach to model the reactivity of highly toxic dusts. Rats were instilled with either DQ12 quartz or aluminium lactate-treated DQ12 and, as anticipated, the high specific surface toxicity of DQ12 meant that it was much more inflammogenic than was predicted using the relationship described for low-toxicity dusts. By contrast, aluminium lactate-treated DQ12 fell on to the line of ‘low-toxicity’ dusts. This approach presents the possibility of modelling potential toxicity for nuisance dusts based on the inflammatory response of a given instilled surface area dose.
Effects of Adsorbents Used as Supports for Titanium Dioxide Loading on Photocatalytic Degradation of Propyzamide

Photodecomposition in aqueous solution of 3,5-dichloro-N-(3-methyl-1-butyn-3-yl)benzamide, whose popular name is propyzamide, was investigated using naked TiO2 and TiO2-loaded adsorbent supports as photocatalysts. The adsorbent supports used were zeolite (mordenite), silica, and activated carbon. The use of adsorbent supports was found to enhance the rate of mineralization of propyzamide and to reduce the concentration of solution-phase intermediates. The experimental results suggest that the adsorbent support concentrates a target substrate of low solution-phase concentration on its surface, providing the substrate-rich environment at the adsorbent/TiO2 interface. This concentration effect results in an enhanced rate of propyzamide mineralization. The intermediates are also retained on the adsorbent support and subsequently decomposed, thereby reducing the concentration of possibly toxic intermediates in the bulk solution.
PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF VERNONIA CINEREA IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Vernonia cinerea (Asteraceae) have many therapeutic uses in the practice of traditional medicine. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate scientifically the anti-diarrhoeal effects of aqueous extract of whole plant of Vernonia cinerea Linn (AEVC) was studied against castor oil-induced-diarrhoea model in rats. Antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous extract of Vernonia cinerea was investigated in this study using castor oil-induced-diarrhoea, enteropooling and Small intestinal transit models in rats. The weight and volume of intestinal content induced by castor oil were studied by enteropooling method. Standard drug diphenoxylate (5 ml/kg, p.o) was significant reductions in fecal output and frequency of droppings whereas AEVC at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o significantly (P<0.001) reduced the castor-oil induced frequency and consistency of diarrhoea and enteropooling. The gastrointestinal transit rate was expressed as the percentage of the longest distance travelled by the charcoal divided by the total length of the small intestine. AEVC at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly inhibited (P<0.001) the castor oil induced charcoal meal transit. The AEVC showed marked reduction in the number of diarrhoea stools and the reduction in the weight and volume of the intestinal contents, as well as a modest reduction in intestinal transit. The results obtained establish the efficacy and substantiate the folklore claim as an anti- diarrheal agent. Further studies are needed to completely understand the mechanism of anti-diarrhoeal action of Vernonia cinerea.
Pyrolysis and in-situ gasification of Loy Yang brown coal upon heating in CO2

Raw, acid-washed, Na-exchanged and Ca-exchanged Loy Yang brown coal samples were pyrolysed under atmospheric flow of helium or carbon dioxide in a wire-mesh reactor. The experimental results revealed negligible effects of atmosphere on the tar yield over the ranges of pyrolysis conditions: heating rate of 0.5 - 1000 °C·s -1 , holding temperature of 500 - 900 °C and holding time of 0 to 120 s. This was arisen from rapid intra-particle formation of tar precursors and their release out of the particles, which completed within a period of heating up to 500 - 600 °C preventing CO2 from being involved therein. After the tar evolution, CO2 commenced to react with nascent char at 700 - 800 °C. During the heating up period, the char formed under heating at 1000 °C·s -1 was gasified by CO2 at rate appreciably higher than that under heating at 0.5 °C·s -1 . Extended period of heating of the char at 700 °C or higher temperatures thus reduced the char reactivity with CO2 probably due to the loss of catalytic activities of Na and Ca and thermal annealing of the char carbon structure.
Effects of Silage pH on Voluntary Intake of Corn Silage and Alfalfa Haylage

Abstract Effects of forage pH on voluntary intake of corn silage and alfalfa haylage were evaluated. Four (140kg) Holstein steers were in a 4×4 Latin-square design with 15-day experimental periods in Trial 1. Treatments consisted of 1) fresh whole corn plant frozen at harvest, 2) fresh whole corn plant acidified with hydrochloric acid to the pH of corn silage, 3) corn silage, and 4) corn silage neutralized with sodium bicarbonate to the pH of fresh whole corn plant. Addition of acid to fresh whole corn plant reduced pH from 5.20 to 3.66 and organic matter intake . 29 to 3.62 kg/day. Neutralization of corn silage acidity increased pH from 3.86 to 5.94 and organic matter intake . 49 to 4.23 kg/day. In Trial 2, 16 Holstein heifers (290kg) were fed one of the following treatments in an 8-wk experiment: 1) control corn silage, 2) corn silage plus added water, and 3) corn silage plus 7.0% sodium bicarbonate solution in amount identical to amount of water in 2. Water and sodium bicarbonate solution were added at 25 kg/100kg of silage prior to feeding. Addition of water depressed intake of organic matter 1.16kg to 6.64 kg/day. Addition of sodium bicarbonate increased silage pH to 7.11 versus 3.79 for control and increased organic matter intake . 59 kg/day over animals fed water plus silage. In Trial 3, 16 Holstein heifers (250kg) were fed in an 8-wk experiment haylage neutralized with 0, 1.f, 3.0, or 4.5. % sodium bicarbonate (dry matter). Silage pH increased from 4.48 in the controls to 5.78 at the highest addition of sodim bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate increased intake of organic matter in a linear response with the greatest increase (1.08 kg/day) at 4.5% sodium bicarbonate. Forage pH affects voluntary consumption of corn silage and alfalfa haylage, and neutralizing free acid with sodium bicarbonate increased intake.
Photophysical effects of metal-carbon .sigma. bonds in ortho-metalated complexes of iridium(III) and rhodium(III)

Dichloro-bridged dimers of the type (M(L)/sub 2/Cl)/sub 2/, where L is 2-phenylpyridine (ppy) or benzo(h)quinoline (bzq) and M is Rh(III) or Ir(III), have been characterized by /sup 13/C and /sup 1/H NMR spectroscopies and by absorption and emission spectroscopies. The NMR results confirm previous formulations of the complexes as dichloro-bridged ortho-metalated dimers in halocarbon solvents but indicate that they are cleaved to monomeric species of the type M(L)/sub 2/CIS in ligating solvents such as dimethylformamide (S = solvent). The absorption spectra of each of the complexes contain several low-energy bands which are assigned as metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transitions. All four of the dimers emit light following photoexcitation of their glassy solutions at 77 K. Their emission spectra and lifetimes lead to assignments of their emitting states as intraligand for the Rh(III) dimers and MLCT for the Ir(III) dimers. The Ir(III) dimers are also found to emit light following excitation at 295 K in deaerated dichloromethane. No emission is seen from the Rh(III) dimers under these conditions. Comparison of these results with previous results from studies of similar Rh(III) and Ir(III) complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) indicates that the ortho-metalated ligands are considerably higher than bpy and phen inmore » the spectrochemical series. In addition to raising the energy of ligand field excited states in their complexes, relative to similar bpy and phen species, they induce lower energy charge-transfer transitions. These effects are consistent with the synergistic function of the ortho-metalated ligands as both strong sigma donors and . pi. acceptors. « less
The Construct Validity and Reliability of the ‘Characteristics of Successful EFL Teachers Questionnaire (CoSEFLT-Q)’ Revisited

The present study re-evaluated the construct validity and reliability of the ‘Characteristics of Successful EFL Teachers’ questionnaire. A total of 814 EFL learners par-ticipated in the study. The data were analysed, using exploratory factor analyses (EFA), confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), and reliability analyses. The findings demonstrated all items were loaded on the factors with the relevant content except for two which were loaded on three factors with almost similar loadings. Consequently, they were omitted. Accordingly, factor analysis resulted in seven main factors with 45 items.CFA findings verified the ob-tained factorial structure. Reliability analyses also provided satisfactory results.
Planning Level Evaluation of Densities and Sources of Indicator Bacteria in a Mixed Land Use Watershed

The lower Buffalo River, NY, is environmentally impaired and the 38 combined sewer outfalls within this reach historically were believed to be the primary source of bacterial contamination. A planning level evaluation of bacteria contamination was done through sample testing and compilation of existing source data, in part, with the aid of GIS technology. The intent of such evaluation is to provide an overview of the magnitude and sources of the water quality problem without extensive resource commitments, as a first step in developing remediation strategies. Testing for fecal coliform and fecal streptococci was done at 12 sites within the watershed for one year, 1992–93. Indicator bacteria densities at all sites generally were high and the state guideline for primary contact (200 fecal coliform 100 ml−1) was exceeded in 69% of 277 samples. Bacteria densities were greatest during storm events, suggesting runoff as an important source pathway. Mean fecal coliform densities significantly increased downstrea.