Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Studies of the Electronic Structure in Layered Cuprates and Ruthenates

In materials where electrons interact strongly, a number of exotic and exciting phenomena arise. The mechanisms at the base of many of these phenomena remain debated, as strongly correlated electron physics represents one of the biggest challenges for modern condensed matter physics. Transition metal oxides are a class of strongly correlated systems which exhibit a multitude of physical properties, among which unconventional superconductivity, incommensurate charge and spin ordering, partial anisotropic gapping, strangemetallicity, colossal magnetoresistance, multiferroicity, antiferromagneticMott insulation, etc. These properties are often observed in close vicinity, when pressure, temperature or chemical composition are varied. As a consequence, it is challenging to disentangle not only their origin, but also their effects on the elementary excitations of the system. In this thesis, high quality single crystals of copper and ruthenium based transition metal oxides (cuprate and ruthenate compounds) were investigated with synchrotron-based spectroscopic techniques. Our angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) studies focused on the normal state of cuprates, at hole content varying from under- to over-doping. First, the low energy single particle excitations in overdoped uprates were verified to fulfill the mathematical conditions for Landau Fermi quasiparticles. In a second study, the evolution of the spectral gap was followed as function of doping and temperature, across the charge order, pseudogap and strangcuprates, ruthenates, strong correlations, RIXS, ARPES, XAS, pseudogap, strange metal, spin orbit coupling, crystal field.e metal phases of a cuprate compound, La1.6ixNd0. 4SrxCuO4. This systematic study allowed the identification of an optimal doping regime for the investigation of the pseudogap physics in cuprates. The orbital structure of single layer ruthenates was explored combining X-ray absorption and resonant inelastic X-ray spectroscopies (XAS and RIXS). Since spectroscopies at the L absorption edge of 4d materials are challenged by insufficient energy resolution, we performed our studies at the oxygen K edge, in the soft X-ray energy range. By exploiting the strong orbital hybridization between the oxygen 2p and the ruthenium 4d states, we obtained high resolution experimental access to the 4d electron properties. The results were interpreted through a simple model Hamiltonian, with analytic solutions that provide a consistent description of the low energy features observed.
Soil Fertility Reclamation of Abandoned Mining Sites through Organic Intervention

Tin mining in the period of its boom left large areas of land unsuitable for crop production. The financial benefits of tin mining were short-lived and cannot be quantified with the consequences of its devastation, which is still negatively impacting on the environment. Many of the devastated lands were abandoned due to soil infertility. Smallholder farmers are battling with restoring soil fertility for crop production. This study was conducted on smallholder farms in a devastated and abandoned area due to tin mining of the Bukuru-Rayfield, Sabon-Gida mining zone of Jos Plateau where contrasting organic interventions by farmers were observed. This was also confirmed by laboratory and geostatic spatial variation. A total of 35 soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-20cm, prepared and analyzed in the laboratory. Continuous surfaces were later generated through geostatistics. Results indicated that organic matter had significant negative correlations with exchangeable acidity (-0.879), clay (-0.633) and silt (-0.616) but significant positive correlations with potential hydrogen (pH) (0.885), nitrogen (N) (0.991), phosphorus (P) (0.954), potassium (K) (0.911), calcium (Ca) (0.920), magnesium (Mg) (0.911) and sand (0.824). Most of these correlations were done at 0.01 level of significance. High concentration of pH, organic matter (OM), N, K, Ca, Mg and sand occurred in the north western part of the study area (Farm A). In contrast, exchangeable acidity, silt and clay had less concentration in the north western part of the study area (Farm A), with highest concentration in the W and SW parts (Farm C). Spatial variability from geostatistics indicated that all the soil variables had strong spatial dependency. The results of this study unveiled that nutrients needed for higher productivity were made available by the smallholder farmer of farm A through dumping of households’ domestic wastes for ten years. These abandoned mining sites later became agriculturally productive. This study will serve as advisory to smallholder farmers as a way of improving soil productivity in tin-devastated farmlands.
Strong Coupling Circuit QED with Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) is a powerful approach to study excitations of and engineer and control interactions between superconducting qubits using microwave quantum fields. Recently, the potential of circuit QED has also been explored in the context of semiconductor quantum systems motivated by the possibility to study their excitations in new frequency regimes and the progress towards quantum information architectures based on semiconductor nanostructures. Two hybrid circuit QED architectures are explored in this thesis. They consist of gate-defined semiconductor double quantum dots acting as two-level quantum systems dipole coupled to single photonic modes of microwave cavities. In the first type of device, the double quantum dot charge qubit couples to a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator at a rate lower than its decoherence rate. This weakly coupled system already provides an interesting platform to study the physics of the quantum dots at microwave frequencies. This thesis discusses experiments exploring microwave emission from a voltage-biased double quantum dot. We detect radiation emitted in inelastic electron tunneling processes between the dots and the leads and in interdot transitions resonant with the cavity. The dependence of the emission signal on the quantum dot level configuration provides a novel way to probe the hybridization and broadening of the electronic double dot states. In the second device architecture, the double quantum dot is coupled to a frequencytunable high impedance resonator consisting of an array of superconducting quantum interference devices. Due to the high characteristic impedance of these resonators, the coupling strength is increased beyond the decay rates of qubit and resonator – the condition defining the strong coupling regime. Strong coupling is demonstrated in measurements of the vacuum Rabi mode splitting showing a coupling strength of 155 MHz, which is the highest coupling strength reported in comparable systems. The qubit linewidth of 40 MHz is independently extracted in spectroscopy measurements. Achieving strong coupling to microwave cavities poses a crucial step towards semiconductor-based quantum information architectures as it enables e.g. time resolved measurements, quantum non-demolition readout or the coupling of distant qubits or different types of qubits via the resonator.
Phytochemical and antioxidant profiling of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Curcuma longa and Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Spices are essential as food and as medicine. They enhance the natural flavour of cuisines and can be used to alter the appearance of food to make it more appealing in colour. Two spice samples which include C. longa and C. zeylanicum were selected for this present study. Antioxidant, phytochemical analysis (including GC-MS analysis), and nutritional composition were carried out on their aqueous and ethanol extracts in this study. The phytochemicals reported include; alkaloids, glycoside, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols and steroids. Alkaloids were present in all the samples except the aqueous extract of C. longa . Glycoside was present in all the samples. Tannins, steroids and terpenoids were present in all the samples, while flavonoid was present in only the ethanol extract of C. zeylanicum and aqueous extract of C. longa . The presence of phenols, tannins and flavonoids in appreciable concentrations tells the antioxidant potential these spices possess. Cinnamaldehyde, which is detected in the ethanol extract of C. zeylanicum , has been shown to reduce NO generation in LPS-stimulated macrophages. This further explains the potential anti-inflammatory C. zeylanicum possesses. Therefore, the results obtained may help find the active ingredients and provide a helpful chemical basis of these spices in the management of diseases for future research.
Effect of an Enteroprotective Complementary Feed on Faecal Markers of Inflammation and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Weaning Puppies

Simple Summary Numerous changes occur in the gut of puppies during the delicate phase of weaning, in which they have an increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal disorders and infections. This study investigated the effects of a four-week administration of a supplement composed of ultramicronised Palmitoylethanolamide, bovine colostrum and Bacillus subtilis (Normalia® Extra, Innovet Italia Srl, Saccolongo, Italy) on markers of gut health and microbiome of four-week-old Golden Retriever weaning puppies. No differences emerged between the control (n = 13) and the treated puppies (n = 16) with regard to growth rate and faecal quality at any study time. Faecal markers of gut inflammation were significantly decreased in treated puppies, especially at the end of the study. Few significant modifications occurred in the gut microbiome of treated puppies. We suggest that dietary integration of the study’s complementary feed can promote the intestinal health of puppies and therefore facilitate weaning. Abstract Weaning entails numerous modifications of the intestinal structure and microbiota composition, making puppies at high risk of sickness during this delicate life stage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a four-week administration of a supplement composed of ultramicronised Palmitoylethanolamide, bovine colostrum and Bacillus subtilis (Normalia® Extra, Innovet Italia Srl, Saccolongo, Italy) on markers of gut health and microbiome of weaning puppies. Twenty-nine four-week-old Golden Retriever puppies were randomly assigned to control (CG, n = 13) and treated (TG, n = 16) groups. During the whole experimental time, there were no differences between the groups with regard to average daily gain and faecal score. In TG, faecal calprotectin and zonulin values were statistically significantly decreased compared to CG, especially at week 8 (zonulin: 42.8 ± 1.54 ng/mL and 55.3 ± 42.8 ng/mL, and calprotectin: 2.91 ± 0.38 µg/g and 5.71 ± 0.43 µg/g, in TG and CG, respectively; p < 0.0001 for both comparisons). Bacteria belonging to phylum Campylobacterota decreased (p = 0.04), while those referring to genera Coprococcus and Pseudomonas increased (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively). The supplementation of the tested complementary feed can promote the intestinal health of puppies and therefore facilitate weaning by lowering gut inflammation.
Nurses `knowledge and practice regarding patients` safety goals in intensive care units

Background : Patient safety is a key component of hospital performance and improving ICU staff nurses’ performance remains an ideal that every organization strives to achieve this goal. Health care has become more efficient and also become more complex, with greater application of new technologies and therapies, which needs adopting with the international patient safety goals to improve the patient safety environment to simulate international competition and to increase the competitive advantages of the healthcare organizations at the national and international grades. Aim: This study was aimed to assess Nurses ′ knowledge and practice regarding the patients′ safety goals in intensive care units . Design: A descriptive exploratory design was utilized to achieve the aim of this study. Setting: The study was conducted in the ICUs at El Menofia university hospital. Sample: A convenient sample consisted of 75 nurses from both sex working in the previous settings. Tools: two tools were used for data collection. 1st Tool: Self-administered interview questionnaire, consisted of two parts. Part I: Demographic Characteristi
An Improved MobileNet for Disease Detection on Tomato Leaves

Tomatoes are widely grown vegetables, and farmers face challenges in caring for them, particularly regarding plant diseases. The MobileNet architecture is renowned for its simplicity and compatibility with mobile devices. This study introduces MobileNet as a deep learning model to enhance disease detection efficiency in tomato plants. The model is evaluated on a dataset of 2,064 tomato leaf images, encompassing early blight, leaf spot, yellow curl, and healthy leaves. Results demonstrate promising accuracy, exceeding 0.980 for disease classification and 0.975 for distinguishing between diseases and healthy cases. Moreover, the proposed model outperforms existing approaches in terms of accuracy and training time for plant leaf disease detection.
Speech Act Patterns in American and Filipino Online Selling Advertisements

: Recognizing the speech act patterns used by American and Filipino online sellers provide us with information on how they structure their descriptions and promotions in the field of advertising. Pragmatically, this also gives an array of information about their cultural contexts to understand the marketing strategies of those who are in the inner and outer circles in Kachru’s model. This study used a self-collected corpus of 30 American and 30 Filipino online selling advertisements on Facebook Marketplace . These advertisements were analyzed using the speech act theory. A descriptive method of analysis was also conducted to determine emojis/emoticons, recurring punctuation marks, and symbols. The findings highlighted that the common speech act patterns between the two are assertive (A), directive-assertive (DA), directive (D), assertive-directive (AD), and assertive-expressive (AE). All these patterns are evident in the American advertisements, which convey that Filipino online sellers are also exposed and follow the Western format. Expressive patterns that promote rapport and relationships are also evident in Filipino online selling advertisements. The language of advertising continues to evolve, and the emotions and the culture are given significance.
Modeling Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Performance

: This study empirically explores the indirect influence of employee performance on the relationships between employee competence, intrinsic reward, and job satisfaction on organizational performances of the Financial Management Agency, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Of 231 employees at the agency, 146 of them were selected as the sample of the study using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. To gather the data, questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. Based on the SEM analysis, the study found that employee performance significantly mediated the relationships between employee competence, intrinsic reward, and job satisfaction on organizational performances. This study suggests that to further improve organizational performance must be done through the enhancement of employee performance by improving employee competence
Confidence in Neurology: how Educators can help Junior Doctors fight Neurophobia

Aim: To study factors influencing junior doctors’ confidence when managing neurological conditions.Methods: Using a previously-validated questionnaire, residents of a Singaporean Internal Medicine residency programme were retrospectively-surveyed on their confidence when managing neurological conditions against a 6-point Likert scale. Those who considered themselves confident were compared against those who did not, studying factors contributing to differences in their confidence.Results: 54% (94) of eligible residents completed the survey, of which only 58% felt confident when surveyed, and tended to report adequate interaction with neurologists (69% vs 31%, p = 0.004) and patients (75% vs 24%, p = 0.0001), and that the training material (75% vs 44%, p = 0.023) and bedside teaching were adequate (69% vs 38%, p = 0.026). Of note, graduates from the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, and Australia reported feeling less-than-confident immediately upon graduation (31% vs 6%, p = 0.043). However, during graduate medical training, those who experienced improvement in their confidence tended to be males (46% vs 23%, p = 0.024), and were likelier to have received adequate training material (41% vs 20%, p = 0.032) and bedside teaching (67% vs 46%, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Low confidence prevails amongst junior doctors when managing neurological conditions. Female trainees, and graduates of medical schools in culturally-different countries are likelier to require increased organizational support. Equity within the medical training framework is also vital for building their confidence.
INHERITANCE OF DURATION, LEAF COLOUR, STERILITY MOSAIC DISEASE RESISTANCE AND GROWTH HABIT IN PIGEONPEA

Direct and reciprocal crosses were attempted between two contrasting pigeonpea varieties viz., Vamban-1 and Gulbarga-1. The study of parents, hybrids and F2 segregating population revealed that the characters such as duration, leaf colour, resistance to sterility mosaic disease and growth habit are monogenetically controlled and are inherited as a linkage block or single unit of recombination. The linkage block has been designated as EDgRDt and its allelic block as edgrdt.
Faraday wave–droplet dynamics: discrete-time analysis

A droplet may ‘walk’ across the surface of a vertically vibrating bath of the same fluid, due to the propulsive interaction with its wave field. This hydrodynamic pilot-wave system exhibits many dynamics previously believed to exist only in the quantum realm. Starting from first principles, we derive a discrete-time fluid model, whereby the bath–droplet interactions are modelled as instantaneous. By analysing the stability of the fixed points of the system, we explain the dynamics of a walking droplet and capture the quantisations for multiple-droplet interactions. Circular orbits in a harmonic potential are studied, and a double quantisation of chaotic trajectories is obtained through systematic statistical analysis.
Strengthening spice coffee SMEs based on digital marketing for sustainable business improvement

Digital marketing is a marketing strategy aimed at providing information to the community at large in an effective and efficient manner without being limited by space and time. This community partnership program aims to increase the understanding of the concept of digital marketing for spice coffee SMEs in Pertakina, Nglegok District, Blitar Regency as partners, by providing education, training, and mentoring. The results achieved increased partners' motivation and engagement to use digital marketing in spice coffee marketing, partners already have product logos and have created separate social media accounts for individuals and businesses. Partners can maintain their social media accounts by regularly uploading content about their spice coffee products to social media such as WhatsApp Group, Facebook, Instagram, and Youtube. The results of the evaluation with in-depth interviews show that there has been a development in the number of followers on social networks becoming more than before. This shows that there is life on social media, as evidenced by regular content uploads, catching viewers' attention and attracting consumer interest to follow spice coffee's social media.
The Relationship between Dispositional Mindfulness and Relative Accuracy of Judgments of Learning: The Moderating Role of Test Anxiety

Research has demonstrated that metacognition accuracy is far from perfect. The accuracy of judgments of learning (JOLs) is of critical importance in self-regulated learning. To explore what factors constrain JOL accuracy, the current study focused on mindfulness, which is intimately related to metacognition and anxiety. A total of 203 undergraduates (198 valid samples) were recruited to determine the relationships among five dimensions of dispositional mindfulness, test anxiety, and relative accuracy of JOLs. Results revealed that the interaction term for acting with awareness and test anxiety significantly predicted JOL accuracy. Further analyses indicated that for individuals with high test anxiety, but not for those with low test anxiety, acting with awareness positively predicted JOL accuracy. Considering that dispositional mindfulness is modifiable, these results help to inspire researchers to further explore whether mindfulness training can be used as a remedy to improve JOL accuracy.
Kinetic simulation of asymmetric magnetic reconnection with cold ions

At the dayside magnetopause, the magnetosphere often contains a cold ion population of ionospheric origin. This population is not always detectable by particle instruments due to its low energy, despite having an important contribution to the total ion density and therefore an impact on key plasma processes such as magnetic reconnection. The exact role and implications of this low‐temperature population are still not well known and has not been addressed with numerical simulation before. We present 2‐D fully kinetic simulations of asymmetric magnetic reconnection with and without a cold ion population on the magnetospheric side of the magnetopause, but sharing the same total density, temperature, and magnetic field profiles. The comparison of the simulations suggests that cold ions directly impact signatures recently suggested as a good marker of the X line region: the Larmor electric field. Our simulations reveal that this electric field, initially present all along the magnetospheric separatrix, is related to the bounce of magnetosheath ions at the magnetopause magnetic field reversal through Speiser‐like orbits. Once reconnection widens the current sheet away from the X line, the bouncing stops and the electric field signature remains solely confined near the X line. When cold ions are present, however, their very low temperature enables them to E × B drift in the electric field structure. If their density is large enough compared to other ions, their contribution to the momentum equation is capable of maintaining the signature away from the X line. This effect must be taken into account when analyzing in situ spacecraft measurements.
U-Shaped Conformity in Online Social Networks

We examined whether people conform to or diverge from the most popular choice among their friends by conducting a large-scale field experiment on a leading social-networking site in China. Our setting allowed us to minimize confounding effects such as pre-existing taste similarities between a subject and her friends, the need to create a social identity, and the possibility of learning by observing friends’ choices. Surprisingly, we found that subjects were more likely to diverge from the popular choice among their friends as the popularity of that choice increased. The effect was more pronounced when they were reminded that their choices were visible to their friends. These results suggest that even members of a collectivist culture have a dominating need to be different.