Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The structural setting and U–Pb geochronology of Knoydartian pegmatites in W Inverness-shire: evidence for Neoproterozoic tectonothermal events in the Moineof NW Scotland

U–Pb monazite data for the Ardnish and Sgurr Breac pegmatites in the SW Moine block give Knoydartian ages of 827±2 and 784±1 Ma respectively. Structural and metamorphic studies of the pegmatites and the local Moinian metasediments suggest that pegmatite generation was a consequence of localized high-temperature shearing and metamorphism within the pelitic horizons. Petrographic evidence from the sheared pelites is interpreted as indicating that the local garnet-grade metamorphism was contemporaneous with the shearing and pegmatite generation, and was, therefore, Knoydartian in age. Chemical zoning profiles in garnets are consistent with their growth during prograde regional metamor-phic increases in P and T. The c. 45 Ma difference between the pegmatite ages implies that the Knoydartian tectonothermal event was diachronous, being either a prolonged or episodic event. The metamorphic and geochronological data are consistent with the presence of Neoproterozoic orogenic events in the SW Moine.
A glacial cryptic refuge in south‐east Australia: human occupation and mobility from 36 000 years ago in the Sydney Basin, New South Wales

Excavations across a source‐bordering dune overlooking the Hawkesbury River in north‐west Sydney, Australia, suggest initial occupation of the region by at least 36 ka, with variable but uninterrupted use until the early Holocene; following abandonment, the site was then re‐occupied by ∼3 ka. Along with a handful of other sites, the results provide the earliest reliable evidence of permanent regional populations within south‐eastern Australia, and support a model in which early colonizers followed the coastal fringe with forays along the main river systems. The evidence is consistent with the demographic model of Williams, 2013 (Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B 280: 20130486), which suggested low, but established regional populations before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), a population nadir following the LGM and increasing use of the region from ∼12 to 8 ka. The site exhibits increased use at the onset and peak of the LGM, and provides an example of a cryptic refuge as defined by Smith, 2013 (The Archaeology of Australia's Deserts. Cambridge University Press: New York). Specifically, changing artefact densities and attributes show the site was used repeatedly, but for shorter periods through this time, and suggest it formed one of a series of key localities in a point‐to‐point (rather than home‐base) subsistence strategy. This strategy was maintained until the site's abandonment in the early Holocene, despite changing population and climatic conditions through the Terminal Pleistocene.
Is ozone pollution affecting crop yields in China?

Newly available data from non‐urban locations in China along with regional model simulations suggest that ground‐level ozone may be sufficiently high to affect China's winter wheat production. As non‐urban ozone increases with industrialization, its effects on crops could hinder efforts to meet increasing food demands in the coming decades, in China.
Ash and fine-mode particle mass profiles from EARLINET-AERONET observations over central Europe after the eruptions of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in 2010

[1] A combined lidar-photometer method that permits the retrieval of vertical profiles of ash and non-ash (fine-mode) particle mass concentrations is presented. By using a polarization lidar, the contributions of non-ash and ash particles to total particle backscattering and extinction are separated. Sun photometer measurements of the ratio of particle volume concentration to particle optical thickness (AOT) for fine and coarse mode are then used to convert the non-ash and ash extinction coefficients into respective fine-mode and ash particle mass concentrations. The method is applied to European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Sun photometer observations of volcanic aerosol layers at Cabauw, Netherlands, and Hamburg, Munich, and Leipzig, Germany, after the strong eruptions of the Icelandic Eyjafjallajokull volcano in April and May 2010. A consistent picture in terms of photometer-derived fine- and coarse-mode AOTs and lidar-derived non-ash and ash extinction profiles is found. The good agreement between the fine- to coarse-mode AOT ratio and non-ash to ash AOT ratio ( 15 μm.
A population based study examining the impact of interpersonal violence victimisation on mental health : report to the Criminology Research Council

Interpersonal violence victimisation (interpersonal violence) is a significant public health issue both in terms of its impact on the community and the health care system at a national and international level. This is the report of a population-based, retrospective study of interpersonal violence in Western Australia that was undertaken using the Western Australian Data Linkage System. This is a unique inter-linking system of hospital and other health records which was developed in Western Australia which systematically links administrative health data such as the morbidity, mortality and mental health data. The Data Linkage System was used to identify every individual in WA who was admitted to hospital or killed as a result of an injury inflicted by others. This information was linked to any past admission for a mental illness. This is the first Western Australian population-based study to investigate the prevalence and association between mental illness and violence from the perspective of the victims of interpersonal violence. The results of the research have provided a thorough description of the size and nature of interpersonal violence in Western Australia from 1990 to 2004. Secondly, it has aided in the identification of pertinent risk factors associated with violence victimisation, both in the population as a whole and specifically among people with mental illness. Thirdly, the health system costs of interpersonal violence victimisation were calculated and the share of these costs attributable to patients with mental illness.
Incompatible element ratios in oceanic basalts and komatiites: Tracking deep mantle sources and continental growth rates with time

Ratios of elements with similar incompatibilities in the mantle can be used to characterize magma sources through time. Nb/Y and Zr/Y distributions in oceanic basalts support the existence of a long‐lived, deep depleted source in mantle. Zr/Y, Nb/Y, Zr/Nb, and Nb/Th ratios in oceanic basalts and komatiites suggest that depleted and recycled components, together probably with an enriched component, were present in the deep mantle by 3.5 Ga. Low Zr/Nb and Hf/Sm ratios and high La/Yb and Nb/Y ratios in some plume basalts and Al‐depleted komatiites may reflect majorite fractionation. High Zr/Nb ratios and low Nb/Y ratios in Archean Al‐undepleted komatiites may record partial melting of a Mg‐perovskite source in deep mantle plumes in which Mg‐perovskite crystallizes and accumulates in komatiite melts during ascent. Oceanic greenstone basalts show a gradual increase in the Nb/Th ratio with time with a relatively sudden increase at about 2 Ga. This trend is consistent with gradual continental growth and with a major episode of continental growth at 2.7 Ga. Nb/Th ratios in some Early Archean basalts may record extraction of up to 25% of the present volume of continental crust from the early upper mantle. An alternative explanation for the rapid increase in Nb/Th in oceanic basalts at 2 Ga is that a catastrophic 2.7‐Ga event in the mantle changed the composition or/and location of the primary volume of mantle from which continental crust was extracted.
Settling Properties of Cohesive Sediments in Lakes and Reservoirs

The fall velocity of fine particles was measured in a column of height 2.50 m and diameter of 0.30 m to model the settling properties of cohesive sediments in lakes and large reservoirs. In contrast to the traditional particle-size-based methods, an approach relying on time and depth variation of sediment concentration was employed to estimate the mean value of fall velocity at any depth and time. Particles at greater depths, particularly for the samples with a higher rate of sediment concentration, accelerated faster and remained at higher velocities for a longer duration owing to a higher rate of flocculation. As a particular property of cohesive sediments, particles for all concentrated samples and in all depths reached their maximum fall velocity at around the same time—15 min after the start of the tests. The low concentration samples reached higher maximum velocities because of the lower rates of hindering, but for a much lower duration in comparison to the higher concentrated samples. An empirical .
Safety and Retention Rate of Off-label Uses of Tnf Antagonists in Rheumatic Conditions: Data from the Spanish Registry Biobadaser 2.0 on Behalf of the Biobadaser 2.0 Study Group*

Objective. To compare the safety and retention rate of TNF antagonists used in approved indications (AIs) and non-AIs. were classified into AIs and off-label uses (OUs), according to the European Medicines Agency approval. Retention rates, incidence rates (IRs) and IR ratios (IRRs) of adverse events (AEs) with 95% CI were compared between uses, by log-rank test, cause-specific Cox regression models and generalized linear models with Poisson's distribution.
Using Spatial Panel Data in Modelling Regional Growth and Convergence

In this paper we use spatial dependence panel data models to analyse regional growth behaviour in Italy. Controlling for fixed-effects allows us to disentangle the effect of spatial dependence (or spatial interaction) from that of spatial heterogeneity and of omitted variables and, thus, to properly investigate the regional convergence process within the country.
Validation of a brief self-report measure of adolescent bullying perpetration and victimisation

Although a wide range of measures of bullying have been developed, there remains a need for brief psychometrically supported measures for use in contexts in which there are constraints on the number of items that can be administered. We thus evaluated the reliability and validity of scores from a 10-item self-report measure of bullying victimisation and perpetration in adolescents: the Zurich Brief Bullying Scales (ZBBS). The measure covers social exclusion, property destruction, verbal and physical aggression, and sexual bullying in both traditional and cyberforms. We evaluated factorial validity, internal consistency, developmental invariance, gender invariance, and convergent and divergent validity of the measure. Our sample was the normative longitudinal Zurich Project on Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z-proso) sample (n=1304). The study involved the administration of ZBBS to participants at ages 11,13,15 and 17. Strengths and weaknesses of the measure and recommendations for utilising and improving the measure were identified. Overall, results suggest that the items provide a reasonable general but brief measure of bullying victimisation and perpetration that can be used across early to late adolescence and in both males and females.
Yellowstone hotspot volcanism in California? : A paleomagnetic test of the Lovejoy flood basalt hypothesis

In 2000, D.L. Wagner and colleagues hypothesized that the middle Miocene Yellowstone hotspot volcanism thought to have produced the great expanses of Columbia River and Oregon Plateau Basalts also gave rise to the Lovejoy Basalt of California. Paleomagnetic directions of lava flows of the Lovejoy Basalt in isolated localities scattered more than 200 km across northeastern and central California show that they were erupted rapidly and that some of them traveled great distances. Most of the paleomagnetic directions form a tight cluster distinct from the Miocene mean field direction for the region, indicating eruption within a relatively short time span compared to geomagnetic secular variation—that is, within a few hundred to a few thousand years. Directional correlations demonstrate that some flows traveled at least 75 km and likely as much as 200 km. These findings support the hypothesis that the Lovejoy flows are flood basalts that compose a large southwestward extension of Yellowstone hotspot volcanism.
Ethylene control of fruit ripening: revisiting the complex 23 network of transcriptional regulation 24

The plant hormone ethylene controls fruit ripening through a complex network of 37 transcriptional regulations and interplay between multiple signaling. Abstract The plant hormone ethylene plays a key role in climacteric fruit ripening. Studies on 45 components of ethylene signaling have revealed a linear transduction pathway leading to 46 the activation of Ethylene Response Factor (ERF). However, the means by which 47 ethylene selects the ripening-related genes and interacts with other signaling pathways to 48 regulate the ripening process are still to be elucidated. Using tomato as a reference 49 species, the present review aims to revisit the mechanisms by which ethylene regulates 50 fruit ripening, by taking advantage of new tools available to perform in silico studies at 51 the genome-wide scale, leading to a global view on the expression pattern of ethylene 52 biosynthesis and response genes throughout ripening. Overall, it provides new insights on 53 the transcriptional network by which this hormone coordinates the ripening process and 54 emphasizes the interplay between ethylene and ripening-associated developmental factors 55 and the link between epigenetic regulation and ethylene during fruit ripening. 56 57
Recent activity of the regional geologic structures in western Slovenia

Several important geological structures in the western Slovenia were identified as active and their activity was quantified. Geologic interpretation is based on the analysis of repeated leveling line campaigns data along the Secovlje–Bled polygon. Taking into account the limitations of the method – only the vertical component of displacement is measured – the following structures were identified as active: a juvenile syncline between Strunjan and Koper, the Kras Imbricate Structure, the Divaca fault, the Rasa fault, the Southalpine Front and the Julian Alps thrust. Vertical movement rate is relative, calculated with respect to the benchmark in Secovlje. The largest uplift rate difference between Secovlje and Bled is 7 mm/a. Vertical Geodynamic Activity (VGA) is introduced as a link between geologic interpretation of geodetic measurements on one side and possible applications on the other as well as a mean of comparison between tectonically active regions.
On the “elastic stiffness” in a high-cycle accumulation model — continued investigations

The high-cycle accumulation (HCA) model proposed by the authors can be used to predict permanent deformations or stress relaxation due to a large number (e.g., several millions) of load cycles with relative small strain amplitudes (<10−3). The predicted stress relaxation depends on the isotropic “elastic stiffness”, E, used in the HCA model. To calibrate the bulk modulus, K, the rate of pore pressure accumulation obtained from an undrained cyclic test and the rate of volumetric strain accumulation measured in a drained cyclic test are compared. Poisson’s ratio, ν, can be determined from the shape of the stress relaxation path measured in an undrained test with anisotropic consolidation stresses and strain cycles. Unfortunately, the calibration of K shown for a medium coarse sand in a previous paper by Wichtmann et al. in 2010 was affected by membrane penetration effects. Consequently, all further studies have been performed on a fine sand for which membrane penetration is negligible. The present paper rep.
The future of vitamin D ’ s role in critical care

centre cohort study. Crit Care 2007; 11:R40 15. Kahn JM, Goss CH, Heagerty PJ, et al: Hospital volume and the outcomes of mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:41–50 16. Nguyen YL, Milbrandt EB, Weissfeld LA, et al: Intensive care unit renal support therapy volume is not associated with patient outcome. Crit Care Med 2011 Jun 23. [Epub ahead of print] 17. Kahn JM: Volume, outcome, and the organization of intensive care. Crit Care 2007; 11:129 18. Kim MM, Barnato AE, Angus DC, et al: The effect of multidisciplinary care teams on intensive care unit mortality. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170:369–376 19. Nguyen YL, Kahn JM, Angus DC: Reorganizing adult critical care delivery: The role of regionalization, telemedicine, and community outreach. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181:1164–1169
Mobile Devices for Interacting with Tagged Objects: Development Support and Usability

Augmenting everyday physical objects with digital services is one of the main interests of research in ubiquitous computing. In the pursuit of this goal, personal mobile devices, and mobile phones in particular, play an important role. As a powerful, networked, and highly personal computing platform that is always carried along by most people, mobile phones represent an ideal tool to mediate the interaction between users and an environment that is enriched with ubiquitous computing technology. They have thus become the default physical user interface for many ubiquitous computing applications. More recently, mobile phones have been equipped with technologies that allow them to be used as reading devices for inexpensive passive identification tags. These technologies include Near Field Communication (NFC) for the detection of RFID labels as well as the simple mobile phone camera, which can be leveraged to recognize standard barcodes as can be found on the majority of consumer goods. As a result of this, it is now possible to augment virtually all physical products with digital services without the need to deploy additional hardware. This raises two important challenges. First, while a wide range of possible applications and benefits for users have been proposed by the research community, it remains unclear which of these can live up to the promise of making our daily lives simpler, safer, or more efficient. Second, the sheer number of everyday objects that can potentially be augmented with digital services calls for the ability to create such services in a fast and efficient way that goes beyond the ad-hoc manner in which such applications are typically developed today. This thesis addresses these challenges with three main contributions. First, it investigates the specific case of using mobile phones to interact with physical appliances. It provides a classification of interaction task types and demonstrates in a user study which types are suitable for phone-mediated interaction and which are not. Second, it proposes an architecture and implementation of an infrastructure to publish and discover services for tagged objects that frees service providers from
Indirect Dark Matter Search with the MAGIC Telescope

The 17m Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) Telescope located on the canary island La Palma has the lowest energy threshold of all existing Cherenkov Telescopes. This makes MAGIC well suited to look for high energy gamma rays coming from e.g. neutralino annihilation in Dark Matter (DM) dominated source candidates like spheroidal dwarf galaxies. So far, DRACO and Willman-I have been observed for several hours each, but no signal was found and the upper limits received look not very encouraging. On the other hand, the AGILE and FERMI satellites might soon detect more promising candidates like hypothetical mini-halos or intermediate mass black holes. In such cases, follow up observations with Cherenkov telescopes with their much higher sensitivity above ≈ 100 GeV will be needed to fully measure the spectra and search for a characteristic energy cutoff. In case of a positive detection of a DM signal, an absolute energy calibration will be crucial. So far, Cherenkov telescopes had to rely fully on Monte Carlo simulations, resulting in a rather large systematic uncertainty. With an improved trigger electronics, MAGIC recently was able to see the cutoff energy of the Crab pulsar. Since this cutoff energy is within reach of FERMI, a cross-calibration of both instruments will soon be possible.
High‐resolution and super stacking of time‐reversal mirrors in locating seismic sources

Time reversal mirrors can be used to backpropagate and refocus incident wavefields to their actual source location, with the subsequent benefits of imaging with high‐resolution and super‐stacking properties. These benefits of time reversal mirrors have been previously verified with computer simulations and laboratory experiments but not with exploration‐scale seismic data. We now demonstrate the high‐resolution and the super‐stacking properties in locating seismic sources with field seismic data that include multiple scattering. Tests on both synthetic data and field data show that a time reversal mirror has the potential to exceed the Rayleigh resolution limit by factors of 4 or more. Results also show that a time reversal mirror has a significant resilience to strong Gaussian noise and that accurate imaging of source locations from passive seismic data can be accomplished with traces having signal‐to‐noise ratios as low as 0.001. Synthetic tests also demonstrate that time reversal mirrors can sometimes enhance the signal by a factor proportional to the square root of the product of the number of traces, denoted as N and the number of events in the traces. This enhancement property is denoted as super‐stacking and greatly exceeds the classical signal‐to‐noise enhancement factor of . High‐resolution and super‐stacking are properties also enjoyed by seismic interferometry and reverse‐time migration with the exact velocity model.
Photochemistry of the African troposphere: Influence of biomass‐burning emissions

The relative importance of biomass-burning (pyrogenic) emissions from savannas, deforestation, agricultural waste burning, and biofuel consumption to tropospheric ozone abundance over Africa has been estimated for the year 1993, on the basis of global model calculations. We also calculated the importance of this emission source to tropospheric ozone in other regions of the world and compared it to different sources on the African regional and global scales. The estimated annual average total tropospheric ozone abundance over Africa for the reference year is 26 Tg. Pyrogenic, industrial, biogenic, and lightning emissions account for 16, 19, 12, and 27%, respectively, while stratospheric ozone input accounts for 26%. In the planetary boundary layer over Africa, the contribution by biomass burning is ∼24%. A large fraction of the African biomass-burning-related ozone is transported away from the continent. On a global scale, biomass burning contributes ∼9% to tropospheric ozone. Our model calculations suggest that Africa is the single most important region for biomass-burning-related tropospheric ozone, accounting for ∼35% of the global annual pyrogenic ozone enhancement of 29 Tg in 1993.