Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: A Review and a Look at Its Use as a Probative Tool in Deamination Chemistry

Abstract This year (2006) represents the 60th anniversary of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (discovered independently by Nobel laureates Edward Purcell and Felix Bloch). It is therefore appropriate and indeed valuable to reflect on how this versatile methodology has developed, expanded, and evolved into a cornerstone of chemical research since 1946. No doubt multiple reviews discussing various aspects of NMR technology will emerge over the course of this year, but the field has grown so exponentially since its inception that it would be impossible for a single review to meaningfully encompass all features of the NMR methodology. This work, therefore, is not meant to provide a comprehensive review of NMR spectroscopy (such an undertaking would prove unwieldy and is inapt in the current context). Instead, it will provide an overview of NMR spectroscopy including the basic principles of NMR (the NMR phenomenon, instrumentation, and spectral interpretation) the historical development of the field, and a few unique applications of the methodology. Finally, illustrations of the utility and application of NMR spectroscopy as a probative tool in the intriguing field of deamination chemistry will be examined. Among the examples highlighted are the elucidation of the mechanism of N‐nitrosoamide conversion to the trans‐diazotate ester, denitrosation under near‐neutral conditions, elucidation of the bond‐forming step of Friedel‐Crafts benzylation, and the identification of novel electronic (π*‐acceptor agostic‐type interaction) and steric (persisteric) effects.
Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles by Visible Light-Driven Photoredox Catalysis

An efficient method for synthesis of the widely applicable 2-substituted benzothiazoles has been developed. The process requires only 0.1 mol% [Ru(bpy)3Cl2], O2, and visible light irradiation with substrates: 2-aminothiophenol and a variety of aldehydes. We established an oxidative quenching of the photoredox catalyst as being the key process in this photoelectrocatalytic cycle.
A study on efficacy of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.) var. Pusa Meghali under Dehradun valley condition

The present investigation was conducted during 2016-2017 in the department of Horticulture, Doon (PG) College of Agriculture Science and Technology, Selaqui, Dehradun (UK). The experiment was laid out in RBD with 8 treatments and 3 replications viz. T1:100% FYM, T2: 100% poultry manure (PM), T3: 100% NPK, T4:100% FYM + 100% NPK, T5: 100% FYM + 100% PM, T6:100% FYM + 50% NPK, T7:100% FYM + 50% PM & T8 Control. The highest growth and yield parameters was recorded in T5 treatments and significantly the lowest was recorded in T8 (Control). The result of the present investigation demonstrated that among different organic and inorganic fertilizers tried, FYM (100%) combined with poultry manure (100%) can be considered as the best treatment obtaining higher growth and root yield in carrot. Under organic cultivation of carrot, for obtaining maximum net returns, Poultry Manure (100%) may be used as an organic source of nutrient.
HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE NASAL CAVITY IN INDIGENOUS DOGS

The present study was carried out to investigate the histological structure of the nasal cavity in indigenous dogs. Eight adult dogs were used. The tissue were fixed with 10% buffered formalin solution, prepared for paraffin embedding technique and stained with Hematoxyline & Eosin, Masson trichrom stains. The results revealed that, the nasal cavity has three regions: vestibular, respiratory and olfactory regions. The mucosa of the vestibule was lined with thick keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and supported by vascular connective tissue contained sebaceous and mucous vestibular glands. The mucosa of respiratory region has two types of epithelia, the septal respiratory epithelium & conchal respiratory epithelium. The septal epithelium was it was ciliated and non-ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium showed furthermore of goblet cells. It wascovered the nasal septum, dorsal, and ventral meatus. The subepithelial connective tissue composed of loose connective tissue contained glandular acini of septal glands. The conchal epithelium was line nasal conchae and ventral meatus and the ciliated cells were the predominant in this type of epithelium. The mucosa of olfactory region was predominantly lined by olfactory and few of respiratory epithelia. The olfactory epithelium was thick pseudo stratified columnar epithelium has organized into apical three zones. The apical zone was occupied by the supporting cells. the middle zone was occupied by olfactory neuron and devoid of goblet cells and the basal zone was occupied by basal cells. The olfactory epithelium was measured 132.9 ± 3. 04μm, while the respiratory epithelium measured 65.5 ± 6. 10μm in heights. The olfactory epithelium was supported by vascular connective tissue characterized by many of veins, nerves and bowman’s glands. The result concluded that the nasal cavity of indigenous dog is similar that in other animals but the olfactory region showed thicker olfactory epithelium in compared other animals. Key Word: nasal cavity, nasal concha, nasal septum, respiratory epithelium.
CO oxidation on Pt supported catalysts. Kinetics and multiple steady states

The conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide was measured in a recyle reactor automatically controlled by a computer. Two Pt/SiO2 catalysts of different dispersion were employed. Isothermal experiments (in which the carbon monoxide inlet concentration was varied) and temperature-programmed experiments (in which the temperature was varied) yielded multiple steady states and complete hystereses. The rate data were controlled well by three LHHW kinetic models. However only two of them predicted well the transitions from low to high conversion. On a mesure la conversion du monoxyde de carbone en gaz carbonique dans un reacteur a recirculation controle automatiquement par un ordinateur; on a employe deux catalyseurs Pt/SiO2 de dispersions differentes. Des experiences isothermes (a concentration du monoxyde de carbone a l'entree variable) et des experiences a temperatures programmees (dans lesquelles on a fait varier la temperature) ont produit des regimes stationnaires multiples et des hystereses completes. Trois modeles cinetiques LHHW ont permis d'obtenir de bonnes correlations pour les donnees de vitesse; toutefois, seules deux d'entre elles ont permis de prevoir les transitions d'une conversion faible a une conversion elevee.
Leveraging Computer Vision Face Representation to Understand Human Face Representation

Face processing plays a critical role in human social life, from differentiating friends from enemies to choosing a life mate. In this work, we leverage various computer vision techniques, combined with human assessments of similarity between pairs of faces, to investigate human face representation. We find that combining a shape- and texture-feature based model (Active Appearance Model) with a particular form of metric learning, not only achieves the best performance in predicting human similarity judgments on held-out data (both compared to other algorithms and to humans), but also performs better or comparable to alternative approaches in modeling human social trait judgment (e.g. trustworthiness, attractiveness) and affective assessment (e.g. happy, angry, sad). This analysis yields several scientific findings: (1) facial similarity judgments rely on a relative small number of facial features (8–12), (2) race- and gender-informative features play a prominent role in similarity perception, (3) similarity-relevant features alone are insufficient to capture human face representation, in particular some affective features missing from similarity judgments are also necessary for constructing the complete psychological face representation.
MATERNAL HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE FROM THE FIRST TO THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY IN NORMAL PREGNANT IRAQI WOMEN

The present study is conducted to evaluate some hematological parameters of normal pregnant women in Baghdad city. This work was carried out for eight months in Medical City, Baghdad teaching hospital during January to September 2019. Sixty pregnant women included in this cross-sectional study. Pregnant women were divided into three groups according to the different periods of pregnancy every trimester include 30 pregnant women. In present study Anemia in pregnant women was obvious and the values of red blood cells count (RBCs) showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, while hemoglobin (Hb) and Packed cell volume (PCV %) showed highly decreased (p<0.01) values. Red cell distribution width (RDW) significantly increased (p<0.05) in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and Hemoglobin distribution width (HDW) also showed highly significant increase (p<0.01) in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. WBCs count showed non-significant variation among different trimesters, but lymphocytes percentage in the 2nd trimester showed the highly significant increase (p<0.01).
U.S. Consumers’ Adoption and Use of Bitcoin and Other Virtual Currencies

Bitcoin has achieved some notoriety as a financial asset, low-cost payment instrument, and potential alternative monetary policy instrument. However, relatively little is known about actual consumer adoption and use of Bitcoin—the main purpose for which it was created (Nakamoto, 2008). According to the 20142015 Survey of Consumer Payment Choice (SCPC), about half of U.S. consumers have heard of Bitcoin or any of the hundreds of other so-called virtual currencies. Most consumers who are aware of virtual currencies are unfamiliar with them and struggle to answer survey questions accurately. About 1 percent or less of U.S. consumers have ever owned (adopted) virtual currency, and most of them used it recently to pay a person (most common) or merchant. Awareness, adoption, and use of virtual currencies are correlated with various demographic and economic characteristics of consumers.
Lessons Drawn From Privatisation In Developing Countries: Evidence From An Emerging Economy

The aim of this study is to explore and identify the main lessons drawn from the Egyptian privatisation programme as an example of privatisation prorammes in an emerging economy. The study has been undertaken in two stages. The first stage involves the distribution of a controlled questionnaire to the finance managers of the privatised companies. The second stage includes a series of semi-structured interviews with senior managers who were directly involved in the privatisation process. Hence, the perception of 56 finance managers and 8 senior managers participating in the controlled questionnaire survey and in the semi-structured interview respectively revealed that the most important lesson drawn from privatisation was that the public sector and state owned enterprises (SOEs) are likely to continue playing an important role in the Egyptian economy with as many as 91 per cent of the respondents indicating that they either agree or strongly agree (a mean of 4.54). The second highest score was that privatisation works best when it is part of a large programme of reforms promoting efficiency, with an overall mean of 4.50. In addition, the pattern of differences in responses according to the four background characteristics was repeated, for every question in the questionnaire survey, using the Mann Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis test in order to enable any differences due to (1) size, (2) type of industry, (3) date of privatisation and (4) privatisation methods to be identified. In general the results revealed by the analysis did support the findings in the literature review regarding lessons drawn from privatisation.
Shape from semantic segmentation via the geometric Rényi divergence

In this paper, we show how to estimate shape (restricted to a single object class via a 3D morphable model) using solely a semantic segmentation of a single 2D image. We propose a novel loss function based on a probabilistic, vertex-wise projection of the 3D model to the image plane. We represent both these projections and pixel labels as mixtures of Gaussians and compute the discrepancy between the two based on the geometric Rényi divergence. The resulting loss is differentiable and has a wide basin of convergence. We propose both classical, direct optimisation of this loss ("analysis-by-synthesis") and its use for training a parameter regression CNN. We show significant ad-vantages over existing segmentation losses used in state-of-the-art differentiable renderers Soft Rasterizer and Neural Mesh Renderer.
The command of comfort in an intelligent building by speech classification and image classification for energy optimization

Abstract Comfort command is a solution to optimize energy in an intelligent building. Our goal is to achieve an optimum and robust system, for the command of comfort. Speech and image classification are considered to be two systems that have worked well for comfort command, but both systems have drawbacks. After several studies, we noted that the inconveniences of the speech classification are solved by adding in parallel a classification of the image and the same thing for the disadvantages of the classification of images that are resolved by adding in parallel a system of speech classification. It means that these two systems work at the same time to achieve a robust and optimum system for comfort command.
Reactor Configuration and Concentration Polarization in Methane Steam Reforming by a Membrane Reactor with a Highly Hydrogen-Permeable Membrane

To examine the effect of so-called “concentration polarization” on the performance of a membrane reactor with a highly hydrogen-permeable membrane, methane steam reforming was conducted, using a Pd/Ag membrane with a thickness of a few micrometers. First, the relation between the methane conversion and the hydrogen recovery was experimentally examined, and the relation was compared with that predicted by a rather simple simulation that assumes the instant achievement of equilibrium. When the hydrogen recovery was smallest, the experimental results agreed well with the simulation results. With increasing reaction pressure, the experimental methane conversion became lower than the simulated conversion. These results suggest that the reaction is limited by reduced hydrogen removal, because of the concentration polarization. The influence of concentration polarization was confirmed by the comparison of the experimental results of hydrogen permeation from a mixture of H2 and N2 with the simulation results base.
Measurement of the tensile strength of brittle materials

Three alternative methods for measuring the tensile strengths of brittle materials are investigated and compared with the conventional pull method. These are a bending test, an indentation test and a test in which disks are compressed diametrally. Experiments on plaster of Paris, coal and cement show that, apart from the bending test, the methods give results in reasonable agreement. The bending test, however, is liable to give considerably different results, and it is shown that this can be attributed to its sensitivity to surface conditions.
Thermodynamic Study of 4-n-Alkyloxybenzoic Acids

The Knudsen mass-loss effusion technique was used for measuring the vapor pressures at different temperatures of the following 4-n-alkyloxybenzoic acids: 4-methoxybenzoic acid, between (340 and 362) K; 4-ethoxybenzoic acid, between (349 and 373) K; 4-propoxybenzoic acid, between (345 and 365) K; 4-butoxybenzoic acid, between (351 and 373) K; 4-pentyloxybenzoic acid, between (355 and 377) K; 4-hexyloxybenzoic acid, between (363 and 379) K; 4-heptyloxybenzoic acid, between (355 and 361) K; and 4-octyloxybenzoic acid, between (363 and 372) K. From the temperature dependence of the vapor pressure of each crystalline compound, the standard (po = 105 Pa) molar enthalpies and Gibbs energies of sublimation, at T = 298.15 K, were derived. Differential scanning calorimetry was used in the study of phase transitions between condensed phases. The measured thermodynamic properties are compared with the results obtained on a previous similar study concerning the 4-n-alkylbenzoic acids series.
Introductory Physics Teaching in Engineering Education: How Can the Reflection on Teaching Practice Be Used to Improve Teaching and Learning?

⎯ The reflection upon the teacher’s practice and its analysis as a research issue can be an influential mechanism to understand and overcome students’ problems in learning. We focus the reflection on teaching practice on: i) the effectiveness of the designed teaching sequences supported on the practical specific problems encountered in the classroom; ii) the teacher’s mediation of students learning and the way students engage in developing their learning and their competences, as planned in the curriculum. The research question we intend to answer is: how can the reflection upon the teachers’ practice in the classroom help them modify the teaching sequences and the effective mediation with students in order to improve students’ involvement and their learning? This study occurred during 4 years in an Engineering Polytechnic School in Portugal (ISEP) and involved the observation and self-evaluation of the implementation of an introductory physics active curriculum, its critique and correspondent modification decisions. The data collected included the teacher’s reflections after class (identifying the teaching and learning problems and successes, possible causes, as well as ways of overcome or explore them even further in the future), students’ perceptions about teaching, classes and learning; students’ academic results and developed competences; the modified curricular materials; and teacher multimodal narratives of some classroom episodes. The analysis of the referred data, during the 4 years of implementation, allows us to enlighten some real problems of teaching and learning and led to improvement, iteratively, in the teaching practice and in the teacher professional development. The course curriculum, the design of learning tasks, the design of teachers’ mediation and also the effective mediation of the teachers in the classroom, was successively improved. The conclusions are also supported by the improvement of students’ competences and their final academic results. The teacher’s multimodal narratives are a useful instrument of reflection about the effected mediation. It can be helpful for the teacher himself and for others, who might encounter the same kind of difficulties and constrains. This microanalysis can clarify some important aspects of student learning and help to understand how an effective teaching mediation, that is feasible in real context, may contribute to develop student learning. Index Terms ⎯ Engineering education, professional development, reflection on teaching practice, students learning, teaching practice, teaching physics, teacher’s mediation.
Network Comparative Statics

This paper develops a framework for analyzing the effect of arbitrary changes to network structure in linear-quadratic games on networks. Changes to network structure which increase total activity and total utility are studied for the case of strategic complements and strategic substitutes. Changes which are welfare increasing are found to depend on a new measure of centrality which counts the total length of walks from a node. Two optimal network design problems are then considered. Total activity is found to be a convex function of the edge weights of the network, which allows for convex optimization techniques to be applied to minimize total activity as in the traditional ‘key player’ problem. Welfare maximizing network structures are also studied and previous results which associate optimal networks with nested split graphs are generalized.
Rheological and Ultrastructural Properties and Particle Size Distribution of Soymilk as Affected by Processing Methods

Soymilk was prepared from boiled and unboiled comminuted suspensions of dehulled soybean and water using pressurized homogenization (one pass and two pass). Particle size showed significant differences between soymilks homogenized by one pass and two pass. Apparent viscosities and total solid contents showed significant differences between boiled and unboiled treatments. Soymilks exhibited pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior and Arrhenius model was fitted to express temperature dependence of apparent viscosity. Microscopic images showed hydrated, separated, uniformly distributed, and homogeneous particles in boiled two-pass soymilk as they were disrupted easily and it was selected as the best treatment for processing soymilk containing all of the soybean solids.
Distribution, Sources, and Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Core Sediments from Baiyangdian Lake, China

The burial characteristics and risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in core sediments from Baiyangdian Lake were investigated through gas-chromato graphy/mass spectrometry. The total concentrations of the 16 PAHs ranged from 39.48–1877.75 ng g−1. The low-molecular-weight PAHs (two- to three-ring PAHs) were the dominant species, contributing 40.10–92.18% to the total PAHs, with a mean of 71.01%. Based on the observed molecular indices and on principal component analysis, the PAHs inputs were initially dominated by biomass and coal combustion, and atmospheric deposition and surface runoff could be the major transport pathways. The contaminated source characteristics, hydrodynamic condition, and sediment textural composition are the key factors affecting the distribution and source of PAHs. By conducting a risk quotient analysis between specific PAH concentrations and their corresponding sediment quality values, the top layer sediments were found to have a potential biological impact and relatively high toxicity. However, such impact should have no impairment. The toxic potency of PAHs in Baiyangdian Lake could be described by using the toxic equivalent of benzo[a]pyrene.
Influence of increasing bicarbonate concentrations on plant growth, organic acid accumulation in roots and iron uptake by barley, sorghum, and maize

Abstract Barley, sorghum, and maize plants were grown in nutrient culture with increasing concentrations of bicarbonate supplied as NaHCO3 (0–20 mM) and harvested at 0, 2, 4, and 8 days of treatment. Bicarbonate induced symptoms of iron (Fe) deficiency (chlorosis) in all three plant species, but sorghum and maize were more sensitive than barley. Increases in the concentration of HCO3 ‐ ions in the nutrient medium markedly decreased dry weight of roots and shoots in all three crop species. These effects became more distinct with time, particularly at 10 and 20 mM of bicarbonate supply. In contrast to root dry weight, however, root length was depressed by bicarbonate to a lesser extent in barley than in sorghum and maize. In all three species bicarbonate supply resulted in an accumulation of organic acids in roots and a decline in uptake and translocation of Fe. In addition, inhibition of root growth by bicarbonate was associated with enhanced net efflux of K+ and NO3 ‐ indicating an adverse effect of bicar.
The morphological and morphometric characteristics of Alabadem pigeons

in English). 19. Özbaşer FT, Alaşahan S, Narinç D, Gündüz Ö, Özkul BY. Live weight and some morphological characteristics of the Cins Pigeons. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Advances in Veterinary Science and Technics. Belgrade, Serbia;