Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
深層培養松茸(Tricholoma matsutake)之最適化培養液組成

Tricholoma matsutake, also named matsutake, is a precious edible fungus which shows many pharmacological activities including anti-tumor effect and immunology enhancement. In this study, we investigated the effects of adding different carbon, amino acid, ammonium nitrogen and organic nitrogen (peptone and yeast extract) in T. matsutake BCRC 36614 submerged cultures on the growth and endopolysaccharide formation. Finally, we used response surface methodology to find the optimal concentration of each medium component. Our results showed that glucose, maltose, mannose, lactose and malt extract promoted not only the growth of T. matsutake BCRC 36614, but also the formation of endopolysaccharide. Among them, T. matsutake BCRC 36614 cultured in 2 % glucose-added basal medium after 40 days could result in maximal cell dry weight (8.4 g/l), endopolysaccharide content (3.6 mg/ 100mg CDW), and maximal endopolysaccharide production (30.1 mg/ 100 ml). Addition of L-arginine or L-glutamic acid promoted not only the growth of T. matsutake BCRC 36614, but also the formation of endopolysaccharide. However, two ammonium nitrogen, ammonium tartrate and ammonium nitrate, showed suppressive effects. The best growth of T. matsutake BCRC 36614 was obtained in 0.2 % L-arginine-added medium. In the 40-day culture, we obtained maximal cell dry weight (9.9 g/l) which was 1.2 times compared with the control group, maximal endopolysaccharide content (7.4 mg/ 100mg CDW) which was 2 times compared with its control group, and maximal production (73.4 mg/ 100 ml). Addition of peptone or yeast extract could significantly affect the growth and endopolysaccharide formation of T. matsutake BCRC 36614. The optimal concentrations of peptone and yeast extract were both 0.2 %. Using response surface methodology, we found the optimal medium components formula: 2.25 % glucose, 0.2 % peptone, 0.22 % yeast extract, 0.2 % L-arginine, 0.05 % KH2PO4, and 0.05 % MgSO4•7H2O. Cultured in the optimal medium, T. matsutake BCRC 36614 produced maximal endopolysaccharide content (7.3 mg/100 mg CDW).
miRNA-10a-5p Alleviates Insulin Resistance and Maintains Diurnal Patterns of Triglycerides and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

miRNA-10a is rhythmically expressed and regulates genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. However, the effects of miRNA-10a on obesity and glucose intolerance, as well as on the diurnal pattern of expression of circadian clock genes, remain unknown. We explored the effects of miRNA-10a-5p on insulin resistance and on the diurnal patterns of serum triglycerides and gut microbiota in high-fat diet- (HFD-) fed mice. The results showed that oral administration of miRNA-10a-5p significantly prevented body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice. Administration of miRNA-10a-5p also maintained the diurnal rhythm of Clock, Per2, and Cry1 expression, as well as serum glucose and triglyceride levels. Surprisingly, the diurnal oscillations of three genera of microbes, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, and Lachnospiraceae, disrupted by HFD feeding, maintained by administration of miRNA-10a-5p. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was found between hepatic Clock expression and relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae, both in control mice (r = 0.877) and in mice administered miRNA-10a-5p (r = 0.853). Furthermore, we found that along with changes in Lachnospiraceae abundance, butyrate content in the feces maintained a diurnal rhythm after miRNA-10a-5p administration in HFD-fed mice. In conclusion, we suggest that miRNA-10a-5p may improve HFD-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance through the modulation of the diurnal rhythm of Lachnospiraceae and its metabolite butyrate. Therefore, miRNA-10a-5p may have preventative properties in subjects with metabolic disorders.
Current Challenges and Barriers to Real-World Artificial Intelligence Adoption for the Healthcare System, Provider, and the Patient

1 Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA 2 Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA 3 Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 4 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 6 Digital Technologies Inc (formerly Idx), Coralville, IA, USA 7 Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA 8 Department Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
Sleep in Myopic and Non-Myopic Children

Purpose To examine differences in sleep between myopic and non-myopic children. Methods Objective measurements of sleep, light exposure, and physical activity were collected from 91 children, aged 10 to 15 years, for two 14-day periods approximately 6 months apart. Sleep parameters were analyzed with respect to refractive error, season, day of the week, age, and sex. Results Myopic children exhibited differences in sleep duration by day of the week (P < 0.001) and season (P = 0.007). Additionally, myopic children exhibited shorter sleep latency than non-myopic children (P = 0.04). For all children, wake time was later (P < 0.001) and sleep duration was longer (P = 0.03) during the cooler season compared with the warmer season. On weekends, children went to bed later (P < 0.001), woke up later (P < 0.001), and had increased sleep duration (P < 0.001) than on weekdays. Younger children exhibited earlier bedtime (P = 0.005) and wake time (P = 0.01) than older children. Time spent outdoors was positively associated with sleep duration (P = 0.03), and daily physical activity was negatively associated with wake time (P < 0.001). Conclusions Myopic children tended to have more variable sleep duration and shorter latency than non-myopic children. Sleep patterns were influenced by season, day of the week, age, time outdoors, and activity. Translational Relevance Myopic children tended to have more variable sleep duration and shorter latency than non-myopic children, which may reflect previously reported differences in environmental and behavioral factors between refractive error groups.
The Determinants of the Quality of Life of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Patients Attending King Saud University Medical City

Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal (GI) tract disease and has an adverse effect on the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Studies on the QoL of GERD patients would increase awareness among healthcare providers about the magnitude of the problem and how to manage it. Objectives This study aimed to determine the essential variables that affected the QoL of GERD patients at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Method This was a cross-sectional study performed using quantitative questionnaires, which was conducted at KSUMC during the period from September 1, 2019, to April 1, 2020. We used the gastroesophageal reflux disease health-related quality of life (GERD-HRQL) questionnaire. Additionally, the authors collected information about sociodemographic variables and concomitant diseases from each participant. Results The study included 200 participants; 58.5% of them were males. Around 34.9% of participants in the age group A (18-34 years) had poor QoL compared to 57.5% and 50% of participants from the counterpart groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the QoL among various age groups (p: 0.006). Furthermore, 58.9% of obese participants had poor QoL; there was a statistically significant difference in the QoL between normal-weight and obese groups (p: 0.013). Conclusion The QoL of GERD patients was found to be affected negatively by increasing age and high body mass index (BMI). None of the other demographic variables and concomitant diseases had any significant effect on the QoL of the participants.
Transabdominal Motor Action Potential Monitoring of Pedicle Screw Placement During Minimally Invasive Spinal Procedures: A Case Study

Precise pedicle screw placement is a critical skill during minimally invasive spinal surgeries but can pose various challenges. Techniques such as electromyography (EMG) have been traditionally utilized for this purpose but have several shortcomings. Transabdominal motor action potential (TaMAP) has been examined as a possible effective neuromonitoring alternative and is hypothesized to provide important data on symptomatic malpositioned pedicle screws. The current study seeks to determine whether TaMAP may be an advantageous technique in the neuromonitoring of percutaneous pedicle screw placement during minimally invasive spinal procedures. The methodology involved recording TaMAP signals at the outset and the conclusion of spinal surgical procedures in human participants, for which comparisons were made of pre- and post-operative data. Results revealed that TaMAP signals remained stable during accurate pedicle screw placement and degraded during a case of inaccurate placement, for which initial misplaced hardware altered the depolarization threshold and resulted in substantial signal alteration. These results suggest that TaMAP, which is stable, repeatable, and reflects real-time information, can potentially be used as a reliable and more precise indication of accuracy in pedicle screw placement during spinal surgeries. This is the first TaMAP study conducted in human participants.
The first survey of the beetles (Coleoptera) of the Farasan Archipelago of the southern Red Sea, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract The Farasan Archipelago is a group of small coral islands and islets in the southern Red Sea, offshore of the southwestern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). These islands are internationally important as breeding sites for turtles and bird species and regionally for its threatened, rare, and endemic flora and other fauna. The beetles (Coleoptera) of the Archipelago have not been previously surveyed. This study presents the first data on the beetle fauna based on a recent survey of the Farasan Archipelago. In total, 179 beetle species (including three synanthropic species) in 145 genera and 31 coleopteran families were determined. The Carabidae are represented by 31 species, followed by the Tenebrionidae (22 species), Chrysomelidae (17 species), Scarabaeidae (13 species), and Coccinellidae (12 species). The genus Lasiocera Dejean, 1831 and the species Amblystomus villiersanus Bruneau de Miré, 1991 (Carabidae) are new for the beetle fauna of the Arabian Peninsula, and eighteen species are new country records for KSA. Sand dune habitats on the islands were inhabited by the greatest number of species in comparison with other habitats. Zoogeographically, the beetle fauna of the Archipelago was dominated by the representatives of the Saharo-Arabian and Afrotropical elements (74 spp., 41.0%). Fourteen species (7.8%) were recognized as cosmopolitan and subcosmopolitan. No species was known to be exclusively endemic to Farasan Archipelago. Eighteen species (10.1%) were endemic to Arabian Peninsula and KSA. Approximately 64.8% (116 spp.) of the archipelago beetle species is found on the KSA mainland and is most closely allied to the south and southwestern KSA regions (sharing 91 spp.). Comparisons of the beetle faunas of the Farasan and Socotra archipelagos indicate that 30 families, 70 genera, and 28 species are shared.
Factors Affecting Photopic Negative Response Recorded with RETeval System: Study of Young Healthy Subjects

Purpose To determine whether there is a significant correlation between the amplitude of the photopic negative response (PhNR) and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFLT) in eyes of young, healthy subjects. Methods We analyzed 136 eyes of 136 young, healthy subjects (89 males and 47 females; age, 20–29 years). The PhNRs were recorded with the RETeval system without mydriasis using red flashes on a blue background. PhNR amplitude was measured at two points: at 72 ms (P72) and at the negative trough following the b-wave (Pmin). Univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify the independent variables that were significantly correlated with P72 and Pmin. The variables included age, sex, axial length, pRNFLT, intraocular pressure (IOP), a-wave amplitude, b-wave amplitude, and pupillary area during the electroretinogram recordings. Results The amplitudes of P72 and Pmin were significantly larger in female subjects (P = 0.021 and P = 0.001, respectively). Univariate analyses showed that PhNR amplitudes were significantly correlated with pRNFLT (P72: r = 0.246, P = 0.004; Pmin: r = 0.219, P = 0.011). Female sex was significantly and negatively correlated with P72 (r = –0.206; P = 0.016) and Pmin (r = –0.271; P = 0.001). Multivariable regression analyses showed that greater pRNFLT was an independent factor significantly associated with a larger P72 (r = 0.283; P = 0.004) and Pmin (r = 0.299; P = 0.002). Female sex was an independent factor that was significantly associated with a larger Pmin (r = –0.208; P = 0.022). Conclusions These findings indicate that PhNR amplitude is significantly associated with pRNFLT and female sex in young, healthy subjects. Translational Relevance The amplitude of the PhNR recorded with RETeval is smaller in subjects with thinner pRNFLT not only in glaucoma patients but also in young healthy subjects.
Survival Analysis of Clinical Cases of Caseous Lymphadenitis of Goats in North Shoa, Ethiopia

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a bacterial disease of small ruminants causing abscesses in lymph nodes of the body and internal organs. A longitudinal study from 2011 to 2019 was undertaken at Ataye site of Debre Birhan Research Center to estimate the prevalence and incidence, identify associated risk factors, and characterize the causative bacteria. 1025 goats were followed up for the CLA study. Survival analysis was done using SAS 9.4 software program. Biochemical tests and Biolog microbial identification system were used to characterize the bacteria. In the recurrent survival data analysis, there were 1,138 clinical observations and 214 CLA cases (18.8% prevalence) based on clinical diagnosis. The incidence rate was 0.14 cases per animal year. From a total of 214 cases, 130 have occurred once and 84 cases are recurrent cases following first cases. The cumulative failure rates were 68% for newborn and 64% for yearling age groups. The parotid lymph node was the most frequently affected site. Proportional hazard analysis results showed that sex, age, and breed were associated (p < 0.05) with CLA incidence. Females, newborn age group, Boer, and Boer × Central Highland Goat (CHG) were at higher risks compared to males, yearling age group, and CHG goats, respectively. The present study indicated that a high incidence rate of CLA in the goat farm is difficult to control and prevent because of its poor response to clinical treatment. Thus, control and prevention should focus on the spread of the disease such as isolation of clinically sick animals, culling, and vaccination of flocks.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT): Our Experience in Pakistan With Locally Made Dressing

Introduction Worldwide numbers of patients suffering from complex wounds appear to increase annually. These patients present with acute, sub-acute and chronic wounds which can be difficult to manage. Management of these patients typically requires a multi-disciplinary approach by a plastic surgeon, orthopaedic surgeon and infectious disease control team. Despite the advent of numerous new techniques and technologies, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) remains a cornerstone to the management of complex wounds. We present our experience with NPWT in this study. Methods This is a retrospective study of 380 patients who were treated with NPWT in the last 10 years at a single center. We receive hundreds of infected wounds of limbs each year which are either post-traumatic or post-debridement. Frequency of dressing change, C-reactive protein levels, bacterial cultures, complication rate and cost of apparatus in each case were noted. All patients received systemic antibiotics during the treatment. Results We reviewed hospital data of 520 patients in which debridement was performed. Of the 520 patients derided, 380 patients were treated with NPWT, and included in study. Number of NPWT sessions was decided on the basis of wound status (adequate healthy granulation tissue, clinically improved circulation). A single session of NPWT dressing was applied in 84% (n = 320) patients, 8% (n = 31) patients needed two sessions of NPWT dressing, 6% (n = 24) patients had three sessions of NPWT dressing and only 1% (n = 5) patients did not respond to NPWT dressing. 78% (n = 297) patients had reduced levels of C-reactive protein levels and wound cultures were negative in 54% (n = 208) patients after application of NPWT dressing. Minor complications occurred in 0.7% (n = 3) patients due to occult osteomyelitis. In 0.5% (n = 2) patients, NPWT dressing was discontinued due to persistent leakage near a natural orifice. Sinus formation was seen in 6% (n = 23) patients who were treated with curettage and conventional dressings. The mean pain score on the verbal analogue scale was 3 out of 10. The mean cost of an NPWT dressing apparatus was 90 dollars. Conclusion We conclude from this study that NPWT dressing can be easily applied to any region of the body and it can be customized to the needs of patients from different socio-economic status.
B d , s → γ ` ̄̀ decay with an energetic photon

We calculate the differential branching fraction, lepton forward-backward asymmetry and direct CP asymmetry for Bd,s → γ` ̄̀ decays with an energetic photon. We employ factorization methods, which result in rigorous next-to-leading order predictions in the strong coupling at leading power in the large-energy/heavy-quark expansion, together with estimates of power corrections and a resonance parameterization of subleading power form factors in the region of small lepton invariant mass q2. The Bd,s → γ` ̄̀ decay shares features of the charged-current decay Bu → γ`ν̄`, and the FCNC decays B → K(∗)` ̄̀. As in the former, the leading-power decay rates can be expressed in terms of the B-meson light-cone distribution amplitude and short-distance factors. However, similar to B → K(∗)` ̄̀, four-quark and dipole operators contribute to the Bd,s → γ` ̄̀ decay in an essential way, limiting the calculation to q2 . 6GeV2 below the charmonium resonances in the lepton invariant mass spectrum. A detailed analysis of the main observables and theoretical uncertainties is presented.
Convective Systems over the South China Sea: Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations

The two-dimensional version of the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model is used to simulate two South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) convective periods [18–26 May (prior to and during the monsoon onset) and 2–11 June (after the onset of the monsoon) 1998]. Observed large-scale advective tendencies for potential temperature, water vapor mixing ratio, and horizontal momentum are used as the main forcing in governing the GCE model in a semiprognostic manner. The June SCSMEX case has stronger forcing in both temperature and water vapor, stronger low-level vertical shear of the horizontal wind, and larger convective available potential energy (CAPE). The temporal variation of the model-simulated rainfall, timeand domain-averaged heating, and moisture budgets compares well to those diagnostically determined from soundings. However, the model results have a higher temporal variability. The model underestimates the rainfall by 17% to 20% compared to that based on soundings. The GCE model-simulated rainfall for June is in very good agreement with the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), precipitation radar (PR), and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). Overall, the model agrees better with observations for the June case rather than the May case. The model-simulated energy budgets indicate that the two largest terms for both cases are net condensation (heating/drying) and imposed large-scale forcing (cooling/moistening). These two terms are opposite in sign, however. The model results also show that there are more latent heat fluxes for the May case. However, more rainfall is simulated for the June case. Net radiation (solar heating and longwave cooling) are about 34% and 25%, respectively, of the net condensation (condensation minus evaporation) for the May and June cases. Sensible heat fluxes do not contribute to rainfall in either of the SCSMEX cases. Two types of organized convective systems, unicell (May case) and multicell (June case), are simulated by the model. They are determined by the observed mean U wind shear (unidirectional versus reverse shear profiles above midlevels). Several sensitivity tests are performed to examine the impact of the radiation, microphysics, and large-scale mean horizontal wind on the organization and intensity of the SCSMEX convective systems.
Deregulation of IL-4/IL-13-induced STAT6 signaling in viral oncogenesis

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-6 is previously shown to involve in adaptive immunity by transducing signals from extracellular cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. Emerging evidences have demonstrated that STAT6 signaling is also employed for anti-tumor growth in cancers and innate immunity in response to virus infection. However, in the past decade, it has become a hot spot in the field to address how STAT6 signaling is selectively manipulated by viruses for achieving a favorable cellular environment during infection . In this review, we summarize recent progress about how STAT6 signaling is targeted by virus infection and contributes to viral oncogenesis, and highlights the potential therapeutic strategy for disrupting STAT6 signaling in viral cancers.
Mineral Utilization and Water Metabolism in Buffalo Calves Fed on Roughage Based Diets

Twenty four Nili-Ravi male buffalo calves (7 months; 105 kg b.wt.), divided randomly into three groups of 8 each, were fed on three feeding regimes viz., T1: leguminous fodder and concentrate mixture containing groundnut cake; T2: leguminous fodder and concentrate mixture devoid of oil-cake and containing de-oiled rice bran; T3: cereal fodder and a concentrate mixture containing mustard cake and sunflower cake for 210 days. A metabolism cum mineral balance trial was conducted after 151 days of feeding on 4 animals from each group. The percentage of absorption as well as retention of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were significantly higher in groups T2 and T3 than in group T1. The percentage of absorption as well as retention of iron, zinc and manganese were comparable among the groups whereas those of copper were significantly higher in group T2 than in groups T1 and T3. Nevertheless, intake, absorption and retention of all the minerals in all the 3 groups were positive enough to support normal growth of animals. Average total intake of water from all sources (21.76, 23.62 and 23 kg/day in groups T1, T2 and T3, respectively) as well as average total excretion of water (14.72, 15.68 and 16.78 kg/day respectively) were comparable among the groups and the variation in source of protein did not affect water metabolism In the growing buffaloes.