Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Thiazolidinediones and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Preclinical data suggest that peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists have antineoplastic effects in colorectal cancer. We aimed to assess the association between the use of synthetic PPARγ agonists, represented by thiazolidinediones (TZDs), and the risk of developing colorectal cancer. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a nationwide, population-based, case-control study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Case subjects were defined as patients who were diagnosed with diabetes at least 365 days prior to a new diagnosis of colorectal cancer between 2000 and 2008. We randomly selected diabetic control subjects for each case subject, which were matched by sex, age, and the duration of diabetes. Among the 24,496 eligible case subjects and control subjects, we used conditional logistic regression to assess the risk of colorectal cancer in association with the use of TZDs. An additional analysis was conducted to assess the effects of concomitant use of TZDs and low-dose aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the risk of colorectal cancer. RESULTS A decreased risk of colorectal cancer was observed in patients who had used TZDs compared with those who had never used TZDs (adjusted odds ratio 0.86 [95% CI 0.79–0.94]). Furthermore, the benefit of a decreased colorectal cancer risk was also found with concomitant use of TZDs and low-dose aspirin or NSAIDs. CONCLUSIONS The use of TZDs may be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
The Relevance of the Hip Extensor Muscles to Low Back Pain in Elite Female Field Hockey Players

Low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint among field hockey players. Only a few of the risk factors for LBP have however been assessed on these players. These include trunk strength and lumbosacral range of motion. The aim of the literature review was therefore to investigate the reports of LBP among elite female field hockey players, focusing on risk factors for LBP, biomechanical aspects of field hockey, muscle imbalance and the role of the gluteus maximus (GM) muscle in the development of LBP. The literature indicated a strong link between LBP and GM weakness. More recent research supports this concept and clearly stated that female athletes with GM weakness are at risk for the development of LBP. Considering that the biomechanical aspects and unique requirements of field hockey indicate hip extensor involvement, as well as the association between LBP and GM weakness, further investigation is warranted into the hip extensor muscles of field hockey players.
Initial clinical experience with surface image guided (SIG) radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia

Background: To evaluate the initial clinical experience with a surface image guided technique for stereotactic radiosurgery using minimal patient immobilization and real-time patient motion monitoring for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Methods: The study describes the first seven TN patients treated with this technique. Head positioning was achieved with a patient-specific head mold made out of expandable foam that conforms to the patient’s occiput. The face of each patient was left open and unobstructed for maximal comfort. The motion of a region of interest consisting of the forehead, eyes, nose, and temporal bones was monitored during treatment using a video surface imaging system (Vision RT Ltd., London, UK). Initial setup of the patient was performed with the surface imaging system using the treatment planning computed tomographic (CT) scan. Initial setup was confirmed and finalized with cone-beam CT (CBCT) and KV X-ray images prior to treatment. The dedicated linear accelerator used for delivery was a Trilogy (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) with 5 mm collimator with 13 arcs. Patients were monitored during treatment with surface imaging cameras and software, equipped with a beam stop mechanism if the patient’s motion was found to exceed a specified tolerance. Results: Seven patients with TN underwent single fraction radiosurgery to a dose range of 80-90 Gy with surface image guidance. All patients experienced pain relief. Four of the seven patients experienced complete resolution of pain. At a median follow-up of 31.4 months, two of seven patients developed pain recurrence. One patient reported intermittent facial numbness after SRS which resolved by 9 months post-treatment. Conclusions: The surface image guided technique using minimal immobilization and real time surface imaging has proven to be safe and effective in a small cohort of patients with TN. To our knowledge this is the first series describing the use of this technology in SRS for TN. Patient compliance is important, and appears improve given the speed and comfort of this technique. An additional degree of semi-rigid immobilization may be required in some patients.
Early functional changes in human diabetic retina : a multifocal electroretinogram study

III Publications from the thesis IX Acknowledgements XII Table of contents XIV Lists of figures, tables and abbreviations XXIII Part I Literature review 1 Chapter 1 Diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) 2 1.1 Background information of diabetes mellitus 2 1.1.1 Metabolism and endocrine problems 2 1.1.2 Clinical diagnostic tests 3 1.1. 3 Definition of DM 3 1.2 Classification of DM 4
The Experienced Problems of Mothers Having Children with Hydrocephalus: A Qualitative Study

Background: The children with hydrocephalus are treated acutely with a cerebrospinal fluid shunt. If hydrocephalus is untreated, can lead to diffuse brain injury, mental and growth retardation. The development of hydrocephalus and its management present major challen ges later in children and their parents’ life, requiring multidisciplinary care from pediatricians, neurosurgeons, nurses, rehabilitative therapists, and others. Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the mothers’ problems that are experienced in hydroc ephalus treatment process. Methods : It was used the focus group methodology and in - depth interviews for qualitative studies in the study. Interviews were performed with 15 mothers having children with hydrocephalus treated at the Neurosurgery Clinic from 2012 to 2013. Data was collected using a semi - structured questionnaire prepared by the researchers through screening. The questionnaire focused on the selection of the problems during hydrocephalus treatment process. Results: In this study, the only nine of mothers were informed about the process of the disease. Mothers who were not informed about the disease and process stated that this disease can be treated and their children can recover. All mothers mostly experience transportation and financial proble ms during the treatment period starting with the diagnosis of hydrocephalus, and they have at least one complaint about their own health. Conclusions: Mothers were more interested in problems to be experienced by themselves and their children in the near future and the physiological dimension of the disease. However, they were aware of their children’s future, home - care and special education needs.
Treatment of menstrual and non-menstrual side effects of Norplant: recommendations of expert group. Treatment of non-menstrual side effects.

Nonmenstrual side effects associated with the first six months of use of Norplant include headaches mood swings anxiety lower abdominal pain acne dizziness weight gain mastalgia hair loss and hirsutism and leukorrhea. A meeting of 100 Norplant trainers held in Leeds England in November 1994 recommended the following treatment protocol: discuss an alternative reason for the side effect encourage the patient as the dose reduces over time monitor the side effect through use of a diary card consider additional investigation into the side effects reported and consider possible therapeutic interventions.
Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis or infantile systemic hyalinosis: Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome

Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis or infantile systemic hyalinosis is a rare progressive, fatal autosomal recessive disorder characterized by widespread deposition of hyaline. Mutations in capillary morphogenesis gene 2 gene is responsible for both these conditions. They usually present with fleshy, papular lesions, joint contractures, gingival hyperplasia, and persistent diarrhea. We report a 1-year-old girl with typical facial lesions, joint contractures and mild gingival hyperplasia without history of diarrhea and recurrent infections. Skin biopsy revealed deposition of hyaline.
The acceptability of peer volunteers as delivery agents of a psychosocial intervention for perinatal depression in rural Pakistan: a qualitative study

Background: In Pakistan, the prevalence of perinatal depression is high and is associated with adverse outcomes in both the mothers and their infant. Although effective psychosocial interventions have been developed for such settings, the scarcity of trained mental health professionals means that the majority of such women do not receive any intervention. The aim of this study was to explore the acceptability of peer volunteers (PVs) - volunteer lay women from the community with shared socio-demographic and life experiences with the target population ? as delivery agents of a psychosocial intervention for perinatal depression in a rural area of Pakistan. Methods: This qualitative study was embedded in the pilot phase of a cluster randomised control trial. Participants included the entire sample of the pilot study: mothers (n=21), PVs (n=8), primary health care staff (n=5), husbands (n=5) and mothers-in-law (n=10). Data were collected, from these key stakeholders, through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Data analysis was underpinned by Framework Analysis involving five key stages: familiarisation, development of thematic framework, indexing, charting and interpretation. Results: All stakeholders viewed the PVs as acceptable delivery agents of a psychosocial intervention for perinatal depression. The PV? s personal attributes such as being local, empathic, trustworthy, approachable and of good reputation within their communities contributed to their acceptability. Their linkage with the primary health care system was vital to their legitimacy and credibility. Factors such as appropriateness of the intervention, effective training and supervision, perception of personal gain from the programme, and endorsement from their families and the community were motivational for them. Likely barriers to their work were women? s lack of autonomy, cultural beliefs around the perinatal period, stigma of depression, lack of some mothers? engagement and resistance from some families. Conclusion: PVs are a potential human resource for the delivery of a psychosocial intervention for perinatal depression in this rural area of Pakistan. The use of such delivery agents could be considered for other under-resourced settings globally, and for other mental health conditions.
Causes of Prolonged Length of Stay for Patients Referred to the Emergency Department; a Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Prolonged length of stay and failure to timely disposition of patients in the emergency department (ED) lead to negative impact on the quality of service presentation, increasing dissatisfaction, and finally violence. Therefore, assessing the causes of prolonged length of stay for patients in this ward and presenting some applicable solutions against it, can significantly help improving the quality of services and more satisfaction of patients. The present study was designed with the aim of evaluating the causes of prolonged length of stay for patients in the ED. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the causes of prolonged length of stay for admitted patients were assessed in the ED of Alzahra Hospital, Esfahan, Iran, during the fall 2010. A checklist was prepared with 11 cases included: age, gender, triage level, the time of receiving admission code and discharging from ED, the chief compliant of patient, hospitalization and discharge services, date of hospitalization, and the outcome for all patients. The lack of available bed in the ward, request for doing tests and unnecessary consultations, delay in entering the samples to the laboratory, delay in visit and disposition of patients by senior resident on duty, need to therapeutic proceedings by another service, delay in informing the resident of the related service, lack of coordination between the other wards and ED for patient's transportation, and financial inability of the patient were considered as the probable causes of prolonged length of stay. Finally, gathered data was analyzed by using SPSS version 18. Results: 95 (18.8%) patients had prolonged ED length of stay (>6 hours) with the hospitalization mean of 10.4±5.5 hours. Prolonged length of stay cases were significantly higher in patients under 30 years old (p=0.0001), in weekends (p=0.05), and second level triage (p=0.01). The most mean of prolonged length of stay were related to the surgery service with 20.0±21.2 hours, multi-service hospitalization with 16.7±12.1, neurosurgery with 15.6±15.1, internal with 14.2±16.1, orthopedic with 13.09±5.7, infectious with 13.4±13.1, and neurology with 6.7±3.0 (p=0/001). The most common causes of prolonged length of stay for patients were related to prolonged consultation time, need to a therapeutic performance by another service, lack of available bed in other ward, and delay in disposition of patients by other services (p=0.03). Conclusion: Based on results of the present study, patients younger than 30 years, hospitalized in surgery services, multi-service, neurosurgery, internal, and hospitalized in weekend days had significantly higher prolonged length of stay in the ED. Also, increasing the consultations' time and disposition of patients following performance of a therapeutic proceeding by another service are other reasons of the prolonged length of stay for ED patients.
Characteristics of 15314 Hypertensive Patients at High Coronary Risk. The VALUE Trial

Valsartan is an orally active, selective antagonist of the angiotensin II-1 (AT1) receptor developed for the treatment of hypertension. The Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation (VALUE) Trial of Cardiovascular Events in Hypertension is a double-blind, randomized prospective, parallel group study designed to compare the effects of valsartan with those of the calcium-antagonist amlodipine on the reduction of cardiac morbidity and mortality. Patients with essential hypertension, aged 50 years and older, and at particularly high risk of coronary events were enrolled. 18119 patients were screened and 15314 patients in 31 countries were randomized mainly between January 1998 and December 1999. These hypertensives had a mean blood pressure of 154.7/87.5 mmHg at the time of their randomization to blinded medication. The population comprises both genders (men 57.6%), Caucasians (89.1%), mean age 67.2 years, mean body mass index 28.6 kg/m2, coronary heart disease (45.8%), high cholesterol (33.0%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (31.7%) and smokers (24.0%). More than 92% of the randomized participants had been treated for high blood pressure for at least 6 months when screened for the study. The randomized population is now being treated (goal blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg) in adherence with the protocol until at least 1450 patients experience primary cardiac endpoint defined as clinically evident or aborted myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure or death caused by coronary heart disease.
CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN HAMADAN, IRAN (2004-2010)

همدقم نامزاس يناهج تشادهب يراميب زوينامشيل ار رد فيدر شش يراميب مهم يلگنا قطانم يريسمرگ ايند يفرعم هدرك تسا . يراميب زوينامشيل زا هلمج يراميب ياه زونوئز ) Zoonosis ( تسا هك رد 88 روشك ) 22 روشك رد هراق اپورا و اكيرما و 66 روشك ييايسآ و يياقيرفآ ( رد راهچ هراق يموب تسا و دعب زا ايرلاام مهم نيرت يراميب قطانم هراح ب ه رامش يم ديآ . يراميب هب نيدنچ لكش و ًاتدمع هب مرف يدلج ) كلاس ( هديد هدش تسا . دادعت دارفا هدولآ رد ايند هدزاود نويليم رفن نيمخت هدز يم دوش و 350 نويليم رفن رد يقطانم يگدنز يم دننك هك لامتحا ءلاتبا هب يراميب دوجو دراد . 3 نويليم رفن زا لاكشا فلتخم يراميب جنر يم دنرب . 1،2 دادعت دراوم ديدج رد ره لاس 5 / 1 ات 2 نويليم رفن يم دشاب هك زا نيا ،دادعت دصناپ رازه دروم لاتبم هب زوينامشيل يياشحا دنتسه گرم ثعاب هك 60000 زا رفن آ يم اهن دوش . شيب زا 90 دصرد زا دراوم زوينامشيل يياشحا رد ،شدلاگنب ،ليزرب دنه ، لاپن و نادوس و شيب زا 90 دصرد لاكشا زوينامشيل يدلج رد ياهروشك ،ناريا ،ناتسناغفا ،لاپن ،هيروس ناتسبرع يدوعس و ورپ قافتا يم دتفا . نيا لگنا رد هقطنم بونج يقرش ايسآ دوجو درادن . 3،4 زوينامشيل يدلج ) Cutaneous leishmaniasis ( اي كلاس يكي زا يراميب ياه يلگنا عياش رد قطانم يريسمرگ و همين يريسمرگ ناهج هدوب هك طسوت لگنا ياه كت هتخاي يا زا سنج اينامشيل ) Leishmania ( داجيا يم دنوش و طسوت شزگ هشپ يكاخ زا هداوناخ ،هديدوكيسپ ريز هداوناخ هنيموتوبلف زا نزاخم يناسنا و يناويح ) ًاتدمع ناگدنوج و ناراوختشوگ يلها و يشحو ( هب ناسنا لقتنم يم دوش . 5 قبط رامآ هئارا هدش رد لاس 1378 زا فرط هرادا لك يريگشيپ و هزرابم اب يراميب ياه ترازو تشادهب نامرد و شزوـمآ يـــكشزپ نازيم زورب زوينامشيل يدلج رد ناريا 30 رفن رد ره 100000 رفن يم دشاب . هنلااس رد دودح 20000 دروم زوينامشيل يدلج رد تمسق ياه فلتخم ناريا نيمخت هدز يم دوش هك دادعت يعقاو نآ شيب زا نيا تسا . نيا يراميب هب ليلد عويش ناوارف و راشتنا و يگدنكارپ رد طاقن فلتخم ناريا ياراد تيمها ناوارف يم دشاب . 7 ، 6 زوينامشيل يدلج هب ود لكش يلصا كشخ اي يرهش ) Anthropnotic ( و بوطرم اي يياتسور ) Zoonotic
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF LOAD CARRIAGE ON PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA

The purpose of the study is to investigate the weight and content of school bags carried by primary school children in Malaysia. 175 school children (male and female) participated in the study. The subjects are divided into two groups, first year and second year groups. The weights of the children were noted with and without load. Results show that the first year group carries more than 25% of body weight (>25%BW) and the second year group carries >15% BW. The decreasing percentage of body weight is not caused by a decreasing amount of load but it occurs because of the increment of body weight.
Carcass characteristics and chemical composition of breast and thigh muscles of native chicken breeds

The present study was conducted to compare the slow growing Indian native chicken breeds viz., Aseel and Kadaknath for carcass characteristics and chemical composition of breast and thigh muscles. Live weight, ready to cook (RTC) yield (P<0.001) and RTC percentage (P<0.01) at 10 weeks of age were significantly higher in Aseel as compared to Kadaknath. However, abdominal fat percentage, giblet, liver, heart (P<0.001) and gizzard (P<0.05) were significantly higher in Kadaknath than in Aseel. At 20 weeks of age also almost similar trend was observed. Live weight (P<0.001), percentage of breast, legs (P<0.001), and neck and back (P<0.01) were significantly higher in Aseel than Kadaknath while giblet, gizzard, liver (P<0.001) and abdominal fat percentage (P<0.05) were significantly higher in Kadaknath as compared to Aseel. There were no significant differences in chemical composition of breast and thigh muscles among two native breeds except for dry matter percentage.
The Prevalence Rate of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Iranian Female Workers

analyzed. Data gathering tool consisted of 2 parts including: a) personal details and b) the General Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal symptoms (NMQ). Data were analyzed using statistical tests including Chi-square and multiple logistic regressions. Results: The results of NMQ showed that symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in lower back (51.8%), shoulders (51.5%) and wrists/ hands (46.2%) were the most prevalent problem among the studied female workers. The results of multiple logistic regression showed a significant association between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in different body regions with age, job tenure, daily working hours, type of activity (static and/or dynamic), working schedule (shift or day working) and marital status. Conclusions: Lower back, shoulders, and wrists/hands complaints were highly prevalent among studied female workers. Age, job tenure, daily working hours, type of activity, working schedule (shift or day working) and marital status were found to be associated with WMSDs among Iranian female workers.
"Behind the blue door" : developing the practices of aged care staff around a palliative approach in a dementia special care unit

The adoption of a palliative approach to the care within Australian Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACFs) has been supported by a range of policy and best-practice initiatives. There is a considerable body of evidence demonstrating that most people who live in RACFs are highly dependent, are likely to have dementia and will die in these locations. Dementia is recognised to be a terminal condition, further underscoring the need for appropriate and timely care. However, issues of equity and quality of palliative care for people with dementia have raised concerns about the capacity of RACFs to deliver a palliative approach to care. Therefore, this research located within a RACF in Tasmania, Australia, sought to address the question: what are the possibilities for aged care staff to develop their practices around a palliative approach to care for people with dementia and their family caregivers? The study employed a critical action research method wherein, nursing and care staff members (n=5) from a dementia special care unit (SCU) formed an action research group (ARG). With a desire to explore and improve their palliative care practices, the ARG members engaged in a critical change agenda over an 18 month period. In Stage One of the study, a preliminary investigation collected baseline from ARG meetings (n=11), staff questionnaires (n=37), interviews with family caregivers of residents from the SCU (n=10), stakeholders dialogues (n=6); and an audit of resident files (n=21). Through their critical reflection on the baseline findings, the ARG members identified three areas of practice in need of improvement these being, i) staff knowledge of a palliative approach, (ii) family caregivers’ access to information and, (iii) evidence-based strategies for pain management and palliative care planning. During Stage Two, the ARG members continued to meet (n=7) as co-researchers and developed four action plans to address these concerns. During this process they shared an emerging sense of empowerment as they imagined possibilities for change. In Stage Three, the group members implemented their action plans through five successive action cycles and met (n=9) to critically reflect on the outcomes. This study illustrates that a complexity of competing economic, sociopolitical and cultural interests shape the possibilities for aged care staff to reconfigure their practices to support a palliative approach to care. It is imperative to provide opportunities for staff to engage in critical, collaborative dialogue as a means to exposing the taken-for-granted understandings that constrain innovation.