Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High resolution gravity surveys from a fixed wing aircraft

BHP has in operation two FALCON airborne gravity gradiometer (AGG) systems providing gravity surveys with sufficient sensitivity and resolution for mapping the gravity anomalies associated with mineral deposits. Their development was motivated by the need for greater selectivity in regional reconnaissance surveying. This is achieved through the addition of density information to magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity which are available from other airborne survey technologies. The capability of the FALCON AGG systems is demonstrated with three examples. The King George anomaly was identified as an isolated magnetic anomaly in government release regional magnetic survey data. A FALCON survey of 2500 line km over the anomaly was completed in 5 days and demonstrates a clearly defined gravity anomaly of 7 mGal coincident with the magnetic anomaly. This gravity information is sufficient to upgrade the significance of the magnetic anomaly as a potential iron-oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) target. The Middleback Ranges, South Australia are an iron ore province supplying the OneSteel steelworks at Whyalla. The survey area includes relief of 300 m and some sharp escarpments, requiring accurate topographic correction of the gravity data. The FALCON survey has been compared with the ground gravity data in both gravity and gravity gradient form.
Modelling the Asian Paleo-hydroclimatic Variability

Using a multi-proxy and multi-model approach, this study aims to unravel the characteristics of modernand palaeo-hydroclimatic variability over Asia. This is designed on different time-scales and diverse geographically distributed regions in Asia. Special emphasis is given to extreme hydro-meteorological events (e.g., mega-droughts). The main focus of this investigation is on climatically sensitive regions of Asia (e.g., monsoon-dominated and westerly-dominated regions). The combination of different model and proxy data leads to an enhanced understanding of the controlling mechanisms of the Asian climate dynamics. In this thesis, palaeoclimate simulations of different time-slices are carried out for selected time periods. The main focus lies in global and regional model simulations, as well as the sensitivity tests using these models. In a first step, existing global simulations for the past 1,000 years are analyzed, concentrating on dynamics of Asian monsoon and Westerlies, and on climate modes like El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific North Atlantic Oscillation (PNA) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and their tele-connections with the Asian climate. In this regard, two Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase III (PMIP3)/ Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate model ensemble simulations of the past millennium have been analyzed to identify the occurrence of Asian mega-droughts. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) is used as the key metric for the data comparison of hydro-climatological conditions. The model results are compared with the proxy data of the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA). This study shows that Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are capable to capture the majority of historically recorded Asian monsoon failures at the right time and with a comparable spatial distribution. The simulations indicate that ENSO-like events lead in most cases to these droughts. Both, model simulations and proxy reconstructions, point to less monsoon failures during the Little Ice Age. During historic mega-droughts of the past millennium, the monsoon convection tends to assume a preferred regime described as “break” event in Asian monsoon. This particular regime is coincident with a notable weakening in Pacific Trade winds and Somali Jet. The interesting periods that are run and analyzed include extreme rainfall anomalies
Talent Management Practices And Employee Retention Among Professional Workers In Five Selected Government Linked Companies In Malaysia

: In today’s global business environment, talent becomes the potentially powerful source of competitive advantage. The talent management and employee retention has always been brought up by researchers, top management as well as HR Professionals to address its importance. Thus, the aims of this research are to examines the relationship between talent management practice and employee retention among professional workers in five Government-linked companies (GLC) in Malaysia. Five core talent management practices tested in this study were performance recruitment, performance management, succession planning, training and development and rewards and compensations. The population consists of 140 professional workers from five GLC companies. Data have been collected by questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The findings indicate all the five talent management practices have positive correlation on employee retention. Meanwhile, the result of multiple regressions shows only performance management and recruitment positively effect on employee retention. The limitations of the study include a small sample size, (N= 140) and was not longitudinal in nature and could be limited to generalizability to other samples. This study is significant for HR practitioners in setting the direction for future research in the area of talent management and help managers understand the significant roles of talent perception to design employee retention policies that are evidence based because the most potent action HR managers can take to ensure their strategic contribution is to develop a measurement system that convincingly showcases HR’s impact on business performance. Future study also should incorporate a more strategic and holistic approach of investigation to include talent identification, talent development and talent management culture as important contributors to talent management competency.
Biomarker-based reconstructions of Holocene lake-level changes at Lake Gahai on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Holocene hydrological changes in regions dominated by the westerlies significantly differ from those by the Asian summer monsoon. The high-elevated northeastern Tibetan Plateau, located in between, is likely influenced by the interactions of both circulation systems. Here, we attempt to use biomarkers, n-alkanes and alkenones, to reconstruct Holocene lake-level changes at Lake Gahai in the Qaidam Basin. We choose a sediment core drilled at the lake shore, where biomarkers would be sensitive to lake-level changes. The n-alkane records show high average chain length (ACL), high carbon preference index (CPI), and low proportion of aquatic macrophyte (Paq) values at 7–2 kyr (thousand calibrated years ago) with peaked values around 6 kyr, whereas low ACL, low CPI, and high Paq values occurred after 2 kyr and before 7 kyr. No alkenones were detected at 7–2 kyr, suggesting that lake level at this period was incapable of constantly reaching to the coring site. Therefore, combined results provide unambiguous evidence of relatively low lake level at 7–2 kyr, probably lowest at ~6 kyr. Holocene lake-level changes in this marginal region thus display a different pattern from either of the core regions dominated by the westerlies (anti-phase) and the Asian summer monsoon (out-of-phase). We suggest that in the arid marginal region, temperature-induced evaporation could significantly affect regional hydrological balance, resulting in the discrepancy with the Holocene long-term precipitation decreasing trend in Asian monsoon-dominated regions.
Modification and Comparison of Methods for Predicting the Moisture Content of Dead Fuel on the Surface of Quercus mongolica and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica under Rainfall Conditions

The surface fine dead fuel moisture content (FFMC) is an important factor in predicting forest fire risk and is influenced by various meteorological factors. Many prediction methods rely on temperature and humidity as factors, resulting in poor model prediction accuracy under rainfall conditions. At the same time, there is an increasing number of methods based on machine learning, but there is still a lack of comparison with traditional models. Therefore, this paper selected the broad-leaved forest tree species Quercus mongolica and the coniferous forest species Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Northeast China. Taking surface dead fine fuel as the research object, we used indoor simulated rainfall experiments to explore the impact of rainfall on the surface dead fuel moisture content. The prediction model for surface dead fuel moisture content was modified by the direct estimation method. Finally, using field data, the direct estimation method and convolution neural network (CNN) model were used in the comparison. The rainfall simulation results showed that the indoor fuel moisture content had a logarithmic increasing trend. Rainfall and previous fuel moisture content had a significant impact on the fuel moisture content prediction model, and both the relational model and nonlinear model performed well in predicting fuel moisture content under indoor rainfall conditions. Under field conditions, humidity, temperature and rainfall played a significant role in fuel moisture content. Compared with the unmodified direct estimation method, the modified direct estimation method significantly improved the prediction accuracy and the goodness of fit (R2) increased from 0.85–0.94 to 0.94–0.96. Mean absolute error (MAE) decreased from 9.18–18.33% to 6.86–10.74%, and mean relative error (MRE) decreased from 3.97–17.18% to 3.53–14.48%. The modified direct estimation method has higher prediction accuracy compared with the convolutional neural network model; the R2 value was above 0.90, MAE was below 8.11%, and MRE was below 8.87%. The modified direct estimation method had the best prediction effect among them. This study has a certain reference value for the prediction model of surface fuel moisture content in post-rainfall fire risk assessment and is also of great significance for forest fire management in Northeast China.
Sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Progression-Free Survival is associated with 1 baseline CD8 + T cell clone size and cytotoxicity

26 Immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) exert their anti-cancer effects via CD8 + T cells, although how 27 responses vary over sub-populations and across clones is incompletely understood. We performed 28 single-cell RNA-sequencing of CD8 + T cells and their receptors pre-and post-ICB across eight patients, 29 integrating results with bulk-sequencing data (n=209). We identify seven subsets with divergent 30 responses to ICB, finding the effector cluster demonstrates the most pronounced changes. Likewise, 31 transcriptomic response to ICB relates to clone size, with large clones demonstrating increased numbers 32 of regulated genes of higher immunological pertinence. Cytotoxic effector clones were more likely to 33 persist long-term following ICB and overlapped with public tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte clonotypes. 34 Notably, pre-treatment CD8 + cytotoxicity associated with progression-free survival, highlighting the 35 importance of the baseline CD8 + immune landscape in long-term response. This work further advances 36 understanding of the molecular determinants of ICB response and assists in the search for peripheral 37 prognostic biomarkers.
Spatiotemporal analysis of climate variability (1971–2010) in spring and summer on the Loess Plateau, China

By using the Variable Infiltration Capacity model with Palmer Drought Severity Index (VIC‐PDSI) model and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), spatiotemporal trends of climate variation during the main growing seasons for plants of Loess Plateau between 1971 and 2010 were detected and characterized. The VIC‐PDSI model is established by combining the VIC model with PDSI. The simulation results and the grids system of VIC were applied to substitute for the two‐layer bucket‐type model to do the hydrological accounting, which could improve the physical mechanism of PDSI and expand its application range. Our results suggest that the climate of the study area has experienced a drying and warming trend during the past four decades. Apart from some individual years and regions, there was a perpetuation of water deficit over the Plateau both in spring and summer. The drought frequency increased from southeast to northwest in spring, while the drought frequency decreased from southeast to northwest in summer. The climate in the southern part of the Loess Plateau, accounting for 23.3% of the study region, showed a significant drying and warming trend in spring over the past four decades. The climate variability detected by VIC‐PDSI model shows good agreement with that monitored by SPI. Since a large part of the study region frequently suffered from water shortage during the main growing seasons for plants, people living in such drought‐prone areas should take measures to prevent the negative effects on agricultural production, reforestation, and regional food security caused by drought. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antecedents of end-user satisfaction with an erp system in a transnational bank: evaluation of user satisfaction with information systems

The main objective of this study is to identify the antecedents of end-user satisfaction with an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, in the context of a transnational Bank. The Information System (IS) success theory is applied for the end-user computing satisfaction (EUCS) assessment. Quantitative data is analyzed through multivariate statistical techniques whereas qualitative data is analyzed through content analysis technique. The results indicate that the EUCS model is pertinent to the context of ERP systems for a fast data collection and overall perception of user satisfaction; nevertheless it is suggested the continuity of its evaluation in other research contexts and additional categories should be considered as antecedents to IS enduser satisfaction.
PERFIL DA CAÇA E DOS CAÇADORES NA RESERVA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL AMANÃ, AMAZONAS – BRASIl.

Hunting wildlife is forbidden by Brazilian federal legislation, although it is tolerated in specific situations. the activity is important as a source of protein to rural populations. the objective of this study is to describe hunting in four communities of Amana Sustainable Development Reserve. Structured interviews were carried out with hunters themselves, as well as other members of the communities (n=238). In addition to that, a survey of hunted game was also carried out during the period of this study. In six months of monitoring of the four communities, 373 individuals were harvested; totalling 5,932.75 Kg. Mammals were the main group hunted, representing 91,42% of the total weight produced in hunting events. the results of the study indicate that the species most susceptible to hunting are Tayassu pecari , Dasyprocta fuliginosa , Cuniculus paca , Tapirus terrestres , Alouatta seniculus , Mazama americana and Mazama gouazoubira , the river turtles of genus Podocnemis , and also the Cracidae and Anatidae.
The role of plants in the economy of Tell Arbid, north-east Syria, in the Post-Akkadian Period and Middle Bronze Age

ABSTRACT Archaeological fieldwork carried out at the Tell Arbid site in north-eastern Syria exposed settlement remains dating from the early 3rd millennium BC to the mid 2nd millennium BC. Recent excavations in Sector P, on the eastern slope of the site, revealed the existence of a significant occupation of the Post-Akkadian/ Early Jazirah V period and of levels dated to the Early and Classic Khabur Ware/Old Jazirah/Middle Bronze Age I-II periods. Cereal remains were dominated by grains and ear fragments of hulled two-rowed barley Hordeum distichon. Less numerous were wheats represented by emmer Triticum dicoccon, einkorn T. monococcum, and macaroni wheat T. durum. The presence of bread wheat T. aestivum and six-rowed barley Hordeum vulgare could not be excluded. The two periods contained similar sets of cereals, but in the Post-Akkadian Period the percentage of hulled wheat remains was higher, while in the Middle Bronze Age (particularly in its younger phase) naked wheat slightly exceeded hulled wheats. Legumes were represented by only very few seeds of lentil Lens culinaris and bitter vetch Vicia ervilia. Diaspores of wild plants were very abundant, particularly those from the families of grasses and legumes. The considerable number of ear and culm fragments probably belonging to cereals as well as numerous seeds/fruits of wild plants suggests that the plant remains originated from fodder or animal dung or belonged to threshing waste. The presence of grass stems with nodes indicated that cereals were reaped low on the straw; occasional use of uprooting was suggested by the occurrence of basal culm fragments with traces of rootlets.
A model study of the relation between Northern Hemisphere glaciation and precipitation rates

In order to study the relation between ice cover and precipitation rates in the Northern Hemisphere, we have forced a zonal dynamical climate model by prescribing the degree of glaciation as a lower boundary condition. The model is a modified version of the one developed by 'SALTZMAN and VERNEKAR (1971). It includes a hydrological cycle and computes a zonally symmetric solution for summer and winter. We have found that if ice sheets grow to the south, the precipitation rate in the subtropics and the polar basin decreases, but in the latitude belt where the continental ice sheets are located it increases. This effect is due to en enhanced activity of baroclinic waves along the southern edge of the ice cover and a consequent increase of the poleward water vapour flux. If the ice cover extends south of 50 °N, the average precipitation rate over the ice sheet starts to decrease. These results are in agreement with the 'observational' fact that during full glacials the Northern Hemisphere continental ice sheets extend to about 50 °N.
CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION AND DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE

Background: The effects of caffeine on health have been frequently reviewed. However, much of the research focuses on specific topics such as cardiovascular disease. There is a need to consider other common diseases that may not be life-threatening but significantly impact the individual and health services. This topic was examined here by considering digestive, respiratory, and musculoskeletal disorders. Depression was also investigated as lower levels are associated with the consumption of caffeine. Methods: Secondary analyses of epidemiological data are reported in this paper. A representative sample of 6486 UK adults (58.0% being in paid employment; 54.4 % female 18.5% single; 65% married or cohabiting, and 15.2% divorced or widowed) completed a survey including questions on illnesses in the last year and caffeine consumption. Results: Initial cross-tabulations showed that caffeine consumption was not associated with digestive, respiratory or musculoskeletal diseases. Caffeine consumers were less likely to report depression in the last year. Conclusion: These results show no adverse effects of caffeine consumption on digestive, respiratory or musculoskeletal outcomes. Consumption of caffeine was associated with a lower incidence of depression, and this remained significant when demographic and lifestyle factors were statistically controlled.
Unsaturated hydraulic properties of xerophilous mosses: towards implementation of moss covered soils in hydrological models

Evaporation from mosses and lichens can form a major component of the water balance, especially in ecosystems where mosses and lichens often grow abundantly, such as tundra, deserts and bogs. To facilitate moss representation in hydrological models, we parameterized the unsaturated hydraulic properties of mosses and lichens such that the capillary water flow through moss and lichen material during evaporation could be assessed. We derived the Mualem‐van Genuchten parameters of the drying retention and the hydraulic conductivity functions of four xerophilous moss species and one lichen species. The shape parameters of the retention functions (2.17 < n < 2.35 and 0.08 < α < 0.13 cm−1) ranged between values that are typical for sandy loam and loamy sand. The shapes of the hydraulic conductivity functions of moss and lichen species diverged from those of mineral soils, because of strong negative pore‐connectivity parameters (−2.840 < l < −2.175) and low hydraulic conductivities at slightly negative pressure heads (0.016 < K0 < 0.280 cm/d). These K0 values are surprisingly low, considering that mosses are very porous. However, during evaporation, large pores and voids were air filled and did not participate in capillary water flow. Small K0 values cause mosses and lichens to be conservative with water during wet conditions, thus tempering evaporation compared to mineral soils. On the other hand, under dry conditions, mosses and lichens are able to maintain a moisture supply from the soil, leading to a higher evaporation rate than mineral soils. Hence, the modulating effect of mosses on evaporation possibly differs between wet and dry climates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ozone Air Quality During the 2008 Beijing Olympics: Effectiveness of Emission Restrictions

A series of aggressive measures was launched by the Chinese government to reduce pollutant emissions from Beijing and surrounding areas during the Olympic Games. Observations at Miyun, a rural site 100 km downwind of the Beijing urban center, show significant decreases in concen- trations of O3, CO, NOy, and SO2 during August 2008, rel- ative to August 2006-2007. The mean daytime mixing ratio of O3 was lower by about 15 ppbv, reduced to 50 ppbv, in August 2008. The relative reductions in daytime SO2, CO, and NOy were 61%, 25%, and 21%, respectively. Changes in SO2 and in species correlations from 2007 to 2008 indicate that emissions of SO2, CO, and NOx were reduced at least by 60%, 32%, and 36%, respectively, during the Olympics. Analysis of meteorological conditions and interpretation of observations using a chemical transport model suggest that although the day-to-day variability in ozone is driven mostly by meteorology, the reduction in emissions of ozone pre- cursors associated with the Olympic Games had a signifi- cant contribution to the observed decrease in O3 during Au- gust 2008, accounting for 80% of the O3 reduction for the month as a whole and 45% during the Olympics Period (8- 24 August). The model predicts that emission restrictions such as those implemented during the Olympics can affect O3 far beyond the Beijing urban area, resulting in reductions in boundary layer O3 of 2-10 ppbv over a large region of the North China Plain and Northeastern China.