Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effective Factors on Sexual Quality of Life in Iranian Women: A Path Model

Introduction : Sexual affairs are one of the physiological needs affecting human health. Sexual functioning disorders can reduce individual’s capabilities and creativities. Sexual relations are in the center of women’s quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of sexual violence, stress perceived, demographic characteristic of women and high risk behavior spouse with sexual quality life of women by using Path model in Iranian women who referred to health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran in 2015. Methods : This was sectional descriptive-correlative study conducted on 800 women who were selected through multistage sampling method. Data were collected through distinct questionnaires demographic characteristics ,sexual quality life of female(SQOL-F) , sexual violence, stress perceived and high risk behavior spouse that completed by interview . Software SPPS16 and LISREL8.80 used for analysis of data. Results : The results revealed that among direct pathways, sexual violence (β = -0.40) was the most effective predictor of sexual quality of life women. The age (β=-0.03 ) had an inverse association with sexual quality of life women through direct effect of sexual violence(β=0.33). Moreover, education (β=0.03) had a direct association with sexual quality of life women through inverse association 0f sexual violence (β=-0.10). Stress perceived ( β=-0.24) and high risk behavior spouse (β=-0.30) indirectly, effects on sexual quality of life women. Conclusion : Women have the rights to experience a safe and enjoyable sexual relationship. Sexual function is very complicated and is affected by many factors, including the personal lifestyle and interpersonal relationships. It is essential that noticed to sexuality and increase quality marital life but avoidance of high risk behaviors will help to it. Keywords: Sexual Quality, Sexual violence, Stress perceived , High risk behavior, Women, Iran
Department of Economics and Natural Resources

INTRODUCTION Restoration of floodplains in river valleys has acquired a prominent position in the environmental policies of many European countries. There are several reasons for this: much of the biodiversity lost in European countries is connected with wetlands and riparian areas, restored wetlands are able to reduce nutrient and other kinds of pollution, natural wetlands offer recreational opportunities, and last but not least restored rivers and floodplains provide flood protection, which is of increasing importance in several European countries. The magnitude and social significance of these benefits will vary depending on the type of restoration, the size of the area, and the geographical location. Likewise, the costs of restoration depend on the level of ambitions regarding the magnitude and multitude of benefits and the alternative use value of the land. In other words, when selecting areas for nature restoration decision makers are confronted with the questions: how can generically different benefits be measured in comparable terms and how should different levels of restoration costs be weighed against benefits? Economic valuation methods and cost-benefit analysis (CBA) provide an opportunity to guide policymaking. The main objective of this paper is to illustrate the application of CBA within the field of river restoration. The Skjern River restoration project in Denmark is used as empirical example of how a CBA can be conducted in this context.
Continuous atmospheric CO2, CH4 and CO measurements at the Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement (OPE) station in France from 2011 to 2018

Abstract. Located in north-east France, the Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement (OPE) station was built during the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) Demonstration Experiment to monitor the greenhouse gases mole fraction. Its continental rural background setting fills the gaps between oceanic or mountain stations and urban stations within the ICOS network. Continuous measurements of several greenhouse gases using high-precision spectrometers started in 2011 on a tall tower with three sampling inlets at 10, 50 and 120 m above ground level (a.g.l.). Measurement quality is regularly assessed using several complementary approaches based on reference high-pressure cylinders, audits using travelling instruments and sets of travelling cylinders (“cucumber” intercomparison programme). Thanks to the quality assurance strategy recommended by ICOS, measurement uncertainties are within the World Meteorological Organisation compatibility goals for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO). The time series of mixing ratios from 2011 to the end of 2018 are used to analyse trends and diurnal and seasonal cycles. The CO2 and CH4 annual growth rates are 2.4 ppm yr−1 and 8.8 ppb yr−1 respectively for measurements at 120 m a.g. l. over the investigated period. However, no significant trend has been recorded for CO mixing ratios. The afternoon mean residuals (defined as the differences between midday observations and a smooth fitted curve) of these three compounds are significantly stronger during the cold period when inter-species correlations are high, compared to the warm period. The variabilities of residuals show a close link with air mass back-trajectories.
An Evaluation of the Impact of Media Campaign Against Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in the Rural Communities of Enugu State, Nigeria

This paper investigates the impact of media campaign against Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in the rural areas of Enugu State. One hundred and sixty three women attending the antenatal clinics in six rural communities and twenty-four heads of Women groups were selected as sample for this cross-sectional survey. Structured questionnaire and interview were used to collect data while analysis of the data was done with SPSS version 20.0. The results reveal among others that the media campaign against FGM in Enugu state is ineffective. It further reveals that cultural values (51%), poor network reception (23%), epileptic power supply (18%), inaccessible media, and the nature of the content of the campaign are responsible for the ineffectiveness. Given the findings, the researchers recommends the modernization of the media and the contents of its FGM campaign for rural reach/accessibility, the development of pro-Igbo cultural programmes against FGM practice, and the use of visual methods to establish/prove the relationship between FGM, infections/diseases and maternal deaths. Further empirical research on FGM – maternal health care in Enugu State is recommended.
Insect pollinators in different regions of Iraq

The aim of this study was to assess species diversity and population abundance of pollinating insects in some different regions of Iraq. There are 611 specimens were collected in the current study; these specimens belong to 5 orders, 25 families, 45 genera and 52 species. In total the percent of pollinator groups investigated were recorded; bees and wasps were the most abundant with 51.3% of the total number of individuals, followed by butterflies 16.03%, beetles 14.07%, flies 13.25% and hemipteran with less 5.23%. In this investigation the species of Myathropa florae (Linnaeus, 1758) was registered as a new record from Iraq.
145-155 Abdulrahman

Abubakar, A. and Abdullahi, B.A Department of Biological Sciences Bayero University, Kano. Email:abdulrahmanabubakar96@yahoo.com ABSTRACT A study on phytoplankton as bioindicators of water quality in Jakara Dam was carried out for a period of 12 months (March, 2013-February 2014). Phytoplankton and water samples were collected and analyzed using standard methods. Sampling sites designated as A, B, C, D, and E were chosen. Physico-chemical parameters showed temperature, secchi disk transparency, pH, and electrical conductivity ranged between 25.3-23.9, 10.7-57.9 cm, 7.9-7.7 and 856.7817.9μs/cm respectively, so also dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate and phosphate ranged between 4.5-3.3 mg/l, 2.5-1.7 mg/l, 23.8-14.3 mg/l, and 15.8-12.5mg/l respectively. Cyanophyceae were the most dominant contributing 56.8% of the total flora composition, followed by Bacillariophyceae (23.2%) and Chlorophyceae (23.0%). A combined total of 23 species of phytoplankton were encountered. Cyanophyceae 9, Bacillariophyceae 7 and Chlorophyceae 7. The total flora count obtained was 3255.93 Org/l. The highest phytoplankton density was recorded at site D (870.18 Org/l) and lowest at site A (454.39 Org/l). Oscillatoria spp. had the highest total species count (1131.58) org/l while Anthophysa vegetans had the lowest (10.53 Org/l). High percentages of organic pollution indicators Oscillatoria spp and Microcystis aerogenosa were signs of deteriorating condition of the water quality. Shannon Weiner’s and Evenness Indices values were higher in the months of wet season than in dry season, while the Simpson’s Index values were low. The total flora counts were higher in dry season. In the wet season, Pearson’s Coefficient analysis showed that there was positive relationship between temperature and nitrate and BOD at P< 0.05. Likewise between DO and phytoplankton, BOD and nitrate and phosphate at P< 0.01. During the period of this study, site A had low secchi disk transparency, high level of nitrate and phosphate. This is due to human activities taking place at the site. Shannon Weiner’s Index value indicated that the site is more polluted. Government and stakeholders should strengthen their legislation against indiscriminate and improper waste disposal along water-ways, dams inclusive. This will ease inflow and check contamination to a large extent.
Geological and structural setting of the Vinodol Valley (NW Adriatic, Croatia): insights into its tectonic evolution based on structural investigations

The area of the Vinodol Valley and Bakar Bay represents a NW‒SE oriented valley in the NW Adriatic characterised by prominent historical and instrumentally recorded seismicity. As part of the greater geodynamic domain including the Ilirska Bistrica–Rijeka–Senj seismogenic fault zone, new geological and structural data addressing the tectonic evolution of the area were collected in order to better understand the focal mechanisms of previous earthquakes and to enable identification of potential seismogenic sources. Mapped informal lithostratigraphic units mostly correspond to the Upper Cretaceous, Palaeogene and Quaternary successions described in other parts of the External Dinarides. However, a shorter stratigraphic range of the Gornji Humac fm. , the youngest Cretaceous unit in the study area, was determined and suggests that the uplifted area in the central NW part of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform already comprised several thousand km2 (from W and NW Istria to Krk and Vinodol area) at the end of the Turonian. Structural measurements of the fault planes in the study area generally correspond to the existing structural model of the tectonic evolution of the Dinarides. However, in contrast to the SW vergences typical of the Dinarides, NE-vergent reverse structures are common, especially along the SW margin of the Vinodol Valley. Cross-cutting relationships suggest that transpressional (NW–SE and NE–SW striking dextral and sinistral faults) and extensional features (NW–SE and NE–SW striking normal faults) are structurally concurrent or younger than the reverse faults, suggesting a change in the palaeostress field during the Neogene–Quaternary, with prevalent transpression and radial extension. Comparison of results of the palaeostress field analysis and the constructed synthetic focal mechanisms on one side, with available focal mechanism solutions for earthquakes within the Ilirska Bistrica–Rijeka–Senj seismogenic fault zone on the other, shows a favourable orientation of the observed NW‒SE and NE‒SW striking faults with respect to the recent compressional/transpressional stress field (N‒S oriented P-axis), indicating these as potential seismogenic sources within the study area.
Bolton Tooth Size Discrepancy among Mosul Families 1217 – 1812

Aims: To determine the possible effect of genetic factor on Bolton tooth size discrepancy between siblings in families living in Mosul City (Iraq). Material and methods: The study sample included 126 subjects distributed between 45 families in Mosul City (Iraq), (56 females and 70 males) whose ages ranged between (20– 35) years. The sibling pairs were divided into three groups according to gender: male –male (24 pairs), female–female (18pairs), male–female (21 pairs). Electronic digital vernire with fine tips was used to measure the maximum mesio–distal widths of the teeth, and Bolton anterior and over all ratios was calculated. The effect of Heritability on Bolton ratios was studied by means of Harvey’s mixed model least–squares and maximum likelihood computer program (LSMLMW) model type II. Results: Statistical analysis showed that Heritability was effective on Bolton tooth–size discrepancy in all groups, with the higher means for the anterior and over all ratios are for the male– male group. While the female–male group showed the lowest mean for the anterior ratio and the female –female group showed the lowest mean for the overall ratio. Conclusions: Siblings showed similar malocclusions, and examination of older sibling can provide clues to the need for interception and early treatment of malocclusion. Key wards: Heritability, Genetics, Bolton analysis. Al–Shahery W GH. Bolton Tooth Size Discrepancy among Mosul Families. Al–Rafidain Dent J. 2013;
Efficiency Wage Setting , Labor Demand , and Phillips Curve Microfoundations

This study demonstrates that a model with efficiency wages and mixed rational and adaptive expectations produces both a Phillips curve relationship and the upward-sloping counterpart to the Phillips curve, referred to as the Dynamic Labor Demand (DLD) curve. Empirical estimates with U.S. data support the model’s predictions about the coefficients in both the Phillips curve and the DLD curve, including specific predictions about the magnitudes of several coefficients. The Phillips curve and DLD curve show the transition path of unemployment and wage inflation in response to shocks, and simulations make realistic predictions about the labor market’s behavior in recessions.
Effects of Substrate to Inoculum Ration on Biogas Production from Anaerobic Co-digestion of Office Paper and Cow Manure

Anaerobic digestion can utilize renewable resources to produce energy in the form of biogas. Cow manure inoculum contains the microorganisms needed for this application and unrecycled paper waste can be used as a substrate. The use of these feedstocks together is not well studied. Finding ideal operating parameters and modelling biogas production is vital for future integration of anaerobic digestion. The use of various models when examining anaerobic digestion is important to ensure the best models are used for future research and industrial applications. Office paper and cow manure were combined at the different substrate to inoculum ratios with a total solids content of 6% at 38.4°C for 15 days. Four models (Time-Lag, No-Lag, Modified Gompertz, and Modified Original Research Article Elniski et al.; JENRR, 3(4): 1-15, 2019; Article no.JENRR. 52718 2 Logistic) were fitted to the experimental data to find which model best represented each biogas production process. Models varied in the accuracy of their fit to the data and no single model had the lowest RMSE values for each treatment. The digester containing a paper to manure ratio of 2:1 produced the most biogas (82 mL biogas/g VS), but the 5:1 reactor had the greatest biogas production potential over a longer period based on the model parameters (maximum cumulative biogas yield and biogas production potential). More biogas was produced in this study compared to other works reported in the literature, showing that this combination of co-digestion substrates could be expanded upon in the future. New models need to be examined or developed for these systems to better represent this co-digestion process for future research and commercial applications.
Citrus aurantium Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity

We aimed to study the effects of Citrus aurantium (C. aurantium) on renal functions in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The study involved male Wistar rats weighing 250–300 g that were fed and kept under standard conditions. Rats were randomly divided into control, cisplatin administered, C. aurantium 200 mg/kg, and C. aurantium 400 mg/kg groups. Cisplatin was administered at 5 mg/kg i.p. once at the start of study to induce nephrotoxicity. Blood and urine samples were obtained at alternative days for analysis. The body weight and urine output were monitored at regular intervals. Plasma and urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels were measured at the end of study duration. Absolute excretion of sodium and potassium; sodium to potassium ratio; kidney weights; fractional excretion of sodium and potassium; and absolute creatinine clearance were determined to analyze the effects of C. aurantium. Histopathological changes of kidney tissues were studied to determine relevant effects. The results indicate that cisplatin lowered the total body weights while raising the urinary output and kidney weights, reversed by C. aurantium both dose and time dependently. Similarly, C. aurantium markedly normalized plasma, urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels. Cisplatin-induced absolute sodium clearance, absolute potassium clearance, absolute creatinine clearance, sodium to potassium ratio, and fractional excretion of sodium and potassium were significantly reversed by C. aurantium. Histopathological analysis showed notable improvement in C. aurantium administered groups as compared to cisplatin-induced group. Study suggests that C. aurantium possesses excellent nephroprotective effects against cisplatin-induced toxicity.
Curcumin Effects on Memory Impairment and Restoration of Irregular Neuronal Distribution in the Hippocampal CA1 Region After Global Cerebral Ischemia in Male Rats

Introduction: Global Cerebral Ischemia (GCI) causes neuronal damage with subsequent neurological and cognitive impairments. Curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, which makes it a potential candidate for improving GCI-induced impairments. This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin on the neurological and memory deficits, as well as spatial neuronal distribution in the Cornu Ammonis 1 region after GCI in rats. Methods: 56 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups of sham (n=14), control (n=14), curcumin 50 mg/kg (n=14), and curcumin 100 mg/kg (n=14). Each group was divided into the two subgroups of short-term (7 days) and long-term (28 days) treatment periods. The Neurological Severity Score (NSS), passive avoidance task, and the traction test were performed at postoperative days of 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The novel object recognition test and Voronoi tessellation were carried out on days 7 and 28 after GCI. Results: Curcumin 100 mg/kg significantly decreased neurological severity score on postoperative days of 7 and 28 compared with the control (P<0.001) and curcumin 50 mg/kg groups (P<0.05–P<0.001), respectively. Also, curcumin 100 mg/kg significantly increased step-through latency times on postoperative days of 3–28 and 14–28 compared with the control (P<0.05–P<0.001) and curcumin 50 mg/kg groups (P<0.01–P<0.001). Moreover, it increased the novelty preference index during the novel object recognition test in the 28-day treatment subgroup after GCI. Curcumin (100 mg/kg) could maintain the neuronal aggregation in the CA1 region after GCI at a level near to what is generally observed in normal rats. Conclusion: Curcumin could improve memory and neurological deficits and restore irregular neuronal distribution in the CA1 region after GCI in a time-dependent manner, and its higher dose was more effective than its lower dose. Curcumin may have beneficial effects on reducing brain complications after ischemia.
The Lag Effect in Secondary School Classrooms 1

Educators often face serious time constraints that impede multiple repetition lessons on the same material. Thus, it would be useful to know when to schedule a single repetition unit to maximize memory performance. Laboratory studies revealed that the length of the retention interval (i.e., the time between the last learning session and the final memory test) dictates the optimal lag between two learning sessions. The present study tests the generalizability of this finding to vocabulary learning in secondary school. Sixth-graders were retaught EnglishGerman vocabulary after lags of 0, 1, or 10 days and tested 7 or 35 days later. In line with our predictions, we found that the optimal lag depends on the retention interval: Given a 7-day retention interval, students performed best when relearning occurred after 1 day. When vocabulary was tested after 35 days, however, students benefited from lags of both 1 and 10 days. Model-based analyses show that enhanced encoding processes and stronger resistance to forgetting – but not better retrieval processes – underlie the benefits of optimal lag. Our findings have practical implications for classroom instruction and suggest that review units should be planned carefully by taking the time of the final test into consideration.
Knowledge and Attitude Towards Anti-Retroviral Therapy Adherence among HIV/AIDS patients at Consolata Hospital Nkubu, Meru County, Kenya.

Poor adherence to the management of HIV/AIDS continues to pose a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. To achieve the 90:90:90 target by the year 2020, optimum suppression of HIV requires a high level of adherence to prescribed treatment, counselling and follow-up plans. The number of people living with HIV in Meru County is estimated to be 20700 but only14205 are on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) with a viral suppression rate of 69%. There is still scarcity of information on factors influencing adherence in Meru County and more so at Consolata Hospital. The study aimed at assessing knowledge and attitude towards anti-retroviral therapy adherence among HIV/AIDs patients at Consolata Hospital Nkubu. A descriptive cross sectional research design was adopted and 312 participants attending Comprehensive Care Clinic selected using systematic random sampling technique. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaire. It was then cleaned, coded and entered into statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23. Analysis was then done using both descriptive and inferential statistics and presented in tables and charts. The results showed that the majority of the respondents 108 (34.6%) were aged between 39-48 years and those with college education were (45.2%). The level of education was found to have a slight but statistically significant effect on ART adherence (p=0.04). Males were found to be 5 times more likely to miss drugs than females (OR= 5.23, X² =16.14, p<0.001). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between knowledge of ART and adherence (R=.81, p<0.001). This indicates that adherence is dependent on knowledge on ART. A statistically significant positive relationship between attitude and adherence was found (R=.66, p<0.001). Privacy and confidentiality was also shown to influence adherence to ART. The study recommends use of innovative approaches to improve on knowledge and follow up of clients.
Model Checking of Embedded Systems Using RTCTL While Generating Timed Kripke Structure

For embedded systems, verifying both real-time properties and logical validity are important. In order to verify real-time properties, we develop the simulator and RTCTL model checking method. The simulator generates timed Kripke structure by dynamic program analysis. We implement the simulator to construct timed Kripke structure including the execution time. Also, we implement model checker while generating timed Kripke structure in order to verify whether timed Kripke structure satisfies RTCTL formulas.