Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic expression of Id3 defines the stepwise differentiation of tissue-resident regulatory T cells

Foxp3+ regulatory T (TR) cells are phenotypically and functionally diverse, and broadly distributed in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. However, the pathways guiding the differentiation of tissue-resident TR populations have not been well defined. By regulating E-protein function, Id3 controls the differentiation of CD8+ effector T cells and is essential for TR maintenance and function. We show that dynamic expression of Id3 helps define three distinct TR populations, Id3+CD62LhiCD44lo central (c)TR, Id3+CD62LloCD44hi effector (e)TR and Id3- eTR. Adoptive transfer experiments and transcriptome analyses support a stepwise model of differentiation from Id3+ cTR to Id3+ eTR to Id3- eTR. Furthermore, Id3- eTR have high expression of functional inhibitory markers and a transcriptional signature of tissue-resident TR. Accordingl Id3- eTR are highly enriched in non-lymphoid organs, but virtually absent from blood and lymph Thus, we propose that tissue-resident TR develop in a multi-step process associated with Id3 downregulation.
Gamma radiation induced mutation in M2 generation of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Distinctive measurements of gamma irradiations (6, 7, 8, 9, 10Krad and zero dosage as control) were used to assess different morphological and proximate parameters of Pisum sativum. An examination of the after effects of various treatments with control demonstrated that gamma radiations altogether influenced diverse morphological and proximate parameters. Days to germination stayed same when contrasted with control however 7Krad indicated least days to germination. Germination rate and seedling survival rate was 100 percent both in control and the irradiated seeds. Measurements of 7Krad took least days for bloom start when contrasted with control and different dosages. Flower initiation happened before in 7Krad as compared to control. Natural product start and organic product development was additionally before in 7Krad when contrasted with control. Plant tallness was fundamentally expanded in 10Krad when contrasted with control. In 7Krad number of pods per pot was high when contrasted with control. Pod length decreased in all measurements yet high pod length was seen in control. Greatest number of seeds per pod was recorded in control. Weight of 1000 seeds was high in 6Krad when contrasted with control. Proximate analysis i.e. ash demonstrated greatest sum in 9Krad when contrasted with control. Moisture was likewise high in 9Krad. Proteins were most extreme in 7Krad when contrasted with control. High fats were acquired in 8Krad as compared to control. Subsequently the ash, moisture, proteins, fats were expanded essentially with higher gamma radiation when contrasted with control.
A newly constructed computer program for three dimensional analysis of tooth movement

The aim of this study went along two parallel ways; the first was to develop a new method for three dimensional 3D imagining of the dental cast, and the second was to evaluate it’s accuracy in analyzing the different tooth movements presented by three different palatal expanders, (A) Nitanium Palatal Expander 2 (NPE2) , (B) Compound Palatal Bar (CPB) and (C) Quad Helix (QH). Thirty healthy Egyptian girls each exhibiting unilateral or bilateral posterior crossbite, and required palatal expansion as part of their comprehensive orthodontic treatment were selected and then they were equally divided into one of three groups in a random fashion. These groups were classified according to the type of expander utilized: Group A: Ten girls utilizing the Nitanium Palatal Expander 2 (NPE 2), Group B: Ten girls utilizing the Compound Palatal Bar (CPB), Group C: Ten girls utilizing the Quad Helix (QH). Each subject was clinically examined, and an orthodontic diagnostic study cast was recorded. Both extraoral and intraoral photography were taken. In addition to panoramic and occlusal radiographs, lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric
Response of Common Bean (Pharsalus vulgaris L.) Cultivars to Combined Application of Rhizobium and NP Fertilizer at Melkassa, Central Ethiopia

Soil fertility is one of the factors limiting the production of common bean in Ethiopia. Thus, field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of Rhizobium and NP fertilizers combination on nodulation, growth, yield components and yield of common bean cultivars and economically beneficial combination of NP and inoculants for each cultivar. The experiment was conducted at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center under rain fed conditions during the main cropping season. The experiment plot was laid at split plot design in three replications. Seven common bean cultivars (sub-plot factor) with five levels of NP fertilizer combined with inoculant (main-plot factor) (full recommended rate of NP fertilizer or 46 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 and 41 kg ha -1 of N alone, Rhizobium with 23 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 and 20.5 kg ha -1 of N, Rhizobium with 11.5 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 and 10.25 kg ha -1 of N, Rhizobium alone, and control) used as treatments. The main effects of combination of NP with inoculant significantly influenced, nodule number, nodule color, plant height and number of primary branches. All inoculated treatments recorded highest nodulation parameters over uninoculated. The
Application of dna microarrays in modern fish-farming

Modern fish farming even more often demands the development of the innovative approaches allowing to conduct researches at the molecular and genetic level. Being the most important branch of a world aquaculture, it undergoes global changes in traditional technologies. Even more often at breeding and growing of fishes the methods considering ecological factors are used, methods of diagnostics and treatment of infectious diseases are developed. With the emergence of effective biotechnological approaches the traditional methods of selection based mainly on morphometric researches and visual control are often insufficient for selection of producers or maintenance of pedigree and population purity. The most important problem of fish breeding is also quick and exact diagnosis of infectious diseases of fishes at early stages — many of diseases after emergence of obvious symptoms does not respond to treatment any more and bring to high death rate in populations. The most effective method in this case is genetic identification of the causative agent or its mediated definition based on nature of immune reaction in an organism of fishes. With the advent of global markets hard economic standards (in particular it needs accurate product labeling) in fish farming in most developed countries-exporters gained extraordinary sharpness issue of fish species identification. Not less important for aquaculture is the problem of population genotyping — study the genetic structure of the fish features allows to maintain the purity of the breed and adjust the quality of individual stocks, avoiding the internal inbreeding, undesirable mutations, etc. In today’s environmental situation priority acquires the molecular genetic studies of the effect on fish external factors. In addition to the fairly well-known reactions to thermal fluctuations and widespread pollutants (cadmium, oil and so on), in recent years, genetic changes in fish caused by exposure to vegetable feed ingredients, which today are increasingly replaced the components of animal origin are studed intensively. One of the modern techniques for precise study of gene structure and molecular processes are DNA microarrays [1]. Traditional microchip is a rigid plate (Fig. 1) coated with a DNA fragment, the nucleotide sequences of which are known. In the conditions of a modern ecological situation priority value is gained by molecular and genetic researches of influence on fishes of external factors. Besides enough REVIEWS
In and out of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau: divergence time estimation and historical biogeography of the large arctic‐alpine genus Saxifraga L.

Geologically dynamic areas often harbour remarkable levels of biodiversity. Among other factors, mountain building is assumed to be a precondition for species radiation, and yet, the potential role of immigration as a source of biodiversity prior to radiation is often neglected. Here, we studied the biogeographical history of the large genus Saxifraga to unravel the role played by the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) for the diversification of this genus and to understand factors that have led to the establishment of high biodiversity in and around this region.
Soil inoculum density of Verticillium dahliae and Verticillium wilt of olive in Lebanon

1 Department of Plant Protection, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Laboratory of Mycology, Fanar, Lebanon 2 Department of Plant Protection, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Tal Amara, Lebanon 3 Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari – Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy 4 Department of Plant Protection, Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Dekwaneh, Lebanon
Basal-like breast cancer

Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is a basal cell phenotype and associated with different levels of expression in basal cell keratin and (or) myoepithelial markers in breast cancer,which has a unique genetic phenotype and morphological characteristics.BLBC is prevalent in young woman,and it is easy to relapse and metastasis. Additionally,most BLBC has expression loss of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,which limits the targeted therapeutic options for these predominantly triple-negative breast cancers. Key words: Breast neoplasms; Molecular pathology; Therapy
Amino acid-converting behaviour of coagulase-negative staphylococci in a rich medium and in fermented sausages

The ability of di fferent coagulasenegative staphylococci (CNS) to convert amino acids into technologically important metabolites was investigated in a rich medium (brain heart infusion, BHI) and in dry fermented sausages. Firstly, 56 CNS strains from five different species were tested for volatile and biogenic amine production after 24 h and 48 h of culturing in BHI. With respect to volatile production, most CNS strains produced 3methyl butanol, albeit with considerable differences between species and even between strains. In contrast, levels of 3-methyl butanal, which was already present as a background compound in the culture medium, mostly decreased. As to the production of biogenic amines in BHI, 2phenylethylamine was the most abundant variant, although the average total concentration remained below 100 μM after 48 h of incubation. Next, four CNS strains were selected and applied in sausage fermentations. This led to strain-dependent di fferences in volatile profiles, with 3-methyl butanol, 3-methyl butanoic acid, and 2-methyl butanoic acid as the most pronounced end-products of amino acid conversions.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Some Yemeni Medicinal Plants

The current study represents the investigation of 4 selected traditional plants used in Yemen, Pulicaria jaubertii E, Rumex nervosus Vahl, Peganum harmala L, Caralluma wissmannii O. Schwartz. The obtained extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH radical method and for their antimicrobial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria and two Gram-negative bacteria strains using agar diffusion method. In DPPH method, the 4 extracts showed antioxidant activity and the activity was concentration dependent. The Pulicaria jaubertii leaf extract showed more potent against Micrococcus litius moderately inhibited the Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella choleraesuis and the effect was comparable with the standard antibiotics. The results indicate that these plant are potential candidates to be used as antimicrobial and antioxidant. The selected extracts might be developed in order to establish new pharmacological possibilities for their applications.
Antioxidant and -amylase inhibition activities in vitro of various solvent extracts of Thymus schimperi Ronniger

Thymus schimperi Ronniger is a wild endemic herb to Ethiopia, and is traditionally used as food flavoring, preservative as well as medicinal ingredient. This paper reports the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity and α-amylase inhibition activity of various solvent extracts of the dried leaves. The acetone extracts contained the highest total phenolic content (122.0±11.6 mg GAE/g). Total flavonoid content was the highest in methanol extract (45.1±2.9 mg QRE/g). The aqueous methanol extract showed the highest 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability (IC50 =11.0±1.0 µg/ml), iron reducing power (60.1±1.0 mg AAE/g), and total antioxidant capacity (1.1±0.1 mg BHTE/g). The water extract exhibited the highest iron chelating activity (IC50 = 65.4±1.1 µg/ml) while the methanol extract exhibited the highest percentage of α-amylase inhibition activity (IC50 = 335. 6±90.4 µg/ml). Except for iron chelating activity, all antioxidant activities were positively correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The study revealed that antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the crude extract were variable when extracted by different solvents indicating a high potential to be used as natural antioxidants in food preservation as well as for preventing oxidative stress mediated human disorders. Key words: Antioxidant activity, α-amylase, BHT, phenolic, Thymus schimperi Ronniger, thyme.
Detecting and Monitoring Plant Nutrient Stress Using Remote Sensing Approaches: A Review

Determination of plant stress factors is often challenging as it can be a compound result of water deficit, nutrient deficiency and disease infection. Symptoms arising from these stress factors may also be similar. Hence, visual observation alone could result in flawed diagnosis which would eventually disrupt remedial action for the affected plant/crop. Spectral reflectance measurements can help identify and select wavelengths sensitive to different types plant stress. Previous studies have found that plant stress will change spectral reflectance pattern in the visible range (380-720 nm or F380-F720) and the infrared range (720-1500 nm or F720-F1500). Typically, the magnitude of change will vary at different wavelengths. Such information facilitates early detection of plant stress, particularly nutrient deficiency. This approach can potentially lower operating cost in fertilization and minimize acute loss of productivity. This review examines a range of spectral techniques that deploy remote sensing for detecting plant nutrient stress and monitoring plant nutritional status.
The footprint of bottom trawling in European waters: distribution, intensity, and seabed integrity

Mapping trawling pressure on the benthic habitats is needed as background to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries management. The extent and intensity of bottom trawling on the European continental shelf (0–1000 m) was analysed from logbook statistics and vessel monitoring system data for 2010–2012 at a grid cell resolution of 1 × 1 min longitude and latitude. Trawling intensity profiles with seabed impact at the surface and subsurface level are presented for 14 management areas in the North-east Atlantic, Baltic Sea and Mediterranean Sea. The footprint of the management areas ranged between 53–99% and 6–94% for the depth zone from 0 to 200 m (Shallow) and from 201 to 1000 m (Deep), respectively. The footprint was estimated as the total area of all grid cells that were trawled fully or partially. Excluding the untrawled proportions reduced the footprint estimates to 28–85% and 2–77%. Largest footprints per unit landings were observed off Portugal and in the Mediterranean Sea. Mean trawling intensity ranged between 0.5 and 8.5 times per year, but was less in the Deep zone with a maximum intensity of 6.4. Highest intensities were recorded in the Skagerrak-Kattegat, Iberian Portuguese area, Tyrrhenian Sea and Adriatic Sea. Bottom trawling was highly aggregated. For the Shallow zone the seabed area where 90% of the effort occurred comprised between 17% and 63% (median 36%) of the management area. Footprints were high over a broad range of soft sediment habitats. Using the longevity distribution of the untrawled infaunal community, the seabed integrity was estimated as the proportion of the biomass of benthic taxa where the trawling interval at the subsurface level exceeds their life span. Seabed integrity was low (<0.1) in large parts of the European continental shelfs, although smaller pockets of seabed with higher integrity values occur. The methods developed here integrate official fishing effort statistics and industry-based gear information to provide high-resolution pressure maps and indicators, which greatly improve the basis for assessing and managing benthic pressure from bottom trawling. Further they provide quantitative estimates of trawling impact on a continuous scale by which managers can steer.
Bear reintroductions: lessons and challenges

Reintroduction is defined as an attempt to establish a species in an area that was once part of its historical range, but from which it has been extirpated or become extinct. When native conspecifics are already present, reintroductions are sometimes referred to as augmentation. Interest in bear reintroduction has increased in recent years. Historically, one of the most successful programs was the reintroduction of 254 American black bears (Ursus americanus) from Minnesota to the Interior Highlands of Arkansas in the 1960s ; that population has grown to >2, 500 today. More recent efforts have involved fewer but better monitored animals and have sometimes employed techniques to improve site fidelity and survival. In Pennsylvania, for example, pregnant female American black bears were successfully translocated from winter dens, the premise being that the adult females would be less likely to return because of the presence of young cubs. That winter-release technique was compared to summer trapping and release in Tennessee ; winter releases resulted in greater survival and reduced post-release movements. Homing has not been a problem for small numbers of brown bears (Ursus arctos) reintroduced to the Cabinet-Yaak ecosystem in Montana and Idaho and to the mountains of Austria and France. As with any small population, reintroduced populations are susceptible to environmental variation and stochastic demographic and genetic processes. Reintroduction success appears to be correlated with translocation distance. Subadults and females may be the most suitable candidates for reintroduction. Although managers have focused on the biological barriers to bear reintroduction, sociopolitical impediments to bear reintroduction are more difficult to overcome. Poor public acceptance and understanding of bears are the main reasons some reintroduction programs have been derailed. Consequently, the public should be involved in the reintroduction process from the outset ; overcoming negative public perceptions about bear reintroduction will be our greatest challenge
Modelling spatial turnover patterns in tree species diversity for conservation

The planet’s biodiversity is increasingly threatened by the effects of rapid environmental change. Biodiversity loss led by expanding anthropogenic activity, combined with the effects of changing climatic regimes, pose a threat to natural communities and the ecosystem services that they underpin. Understanding how communities of species vary across space and the factors that drive such variation is essential to predicting the impacts of human and climate-induced changes on biodiversity and ecosystem services. This knowledge can be used to plan conservation areas that effectively represent the underlying ecological processes that maintain biodiversity and ensure the provision of ecosystem services crucial to human wellbeing. Beta diversity has been variably defined since the concept was first introduced as a measure of variation in species assemblages. This has given rise to the development of different measures of beta diversity, and to varying conclusions regarding the variation of species composition across space. In this thesis, I aimed to investigate the spatial structuring of tree species turnover patterns (beta diversity) and the potential drivers of these patterns, within the highly environmentally heterogeneous Mesoamerican region. In addition, the effect of habitat loss on tree diversity up to the year 2000 was estimated, and the representativeness of the protected area system was assessed in an effort to highlight potential areas of conservation concern across the region. The efficacy of ecoregions in representing turnover patterns was also assessed. The spatial structuring of areas of low similarity (high beta diversity) was clustered in the north and south of the study region, as well as within the Central American mountainous regions. Areas of low similarity mostly fell within dry, pine-oak, and montane ecoregions. Moist forests were indicated as having high similarity. The congruence of the modelled pattern of beta diversity in trees with patterns of high beta diversity in other taxa provides insights into areas of potential conservation efforts. Habitat loss in the past decade was high in the southern areas of the isthmus indicating that countries like Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama had lost high proportions of their original habitat and species. However, habitat loss was intensive throughout the region, and areas of high beta diversity were found to be among the least represented in the current protected areas system. Classification based on beta diversity broadly resembled the WWF ecoregional classification for the region. This suggests that models based on broad climatic variables can help elucidate beta diversity patterns at broad spatial scales, although conservation planning also requires robust information at finer scales.