Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BG Research Online Testing the Hot-Crazy Matrix: Borderline personality traits in attractive women and wealthy unattractive men are relatively favoured by the opposite sex. Personality and Individual Differences. ISSN 0191-8869

Men and women reliably differ on the importance of certain criteria when considering romantic relationships. From an evolutionary perspective that explains sex differences in mating effort and parental investment, men should prioritise attractiveness and women, wealth. Personality traits also signal important information about relationship potential with those of the dark triad facilitating short-term relationships. However, the function of vulnerable dark triad traits of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and secondary psychopathy in relationships remains relatively unexplored. Even though interpersonally tempestuous, individuals high in these traits might be alluring in that they offer a thrilling relationship for the short-term, so long as they are also physically appealing. Across two studies, we examined sex differences in partner preference judged on attractiveness in relation to BPD and secondary psychopathy across short- and long-term relationship contexts. Men were willing to engage in relationships with attractive women high in BPD traits, while women compensated low attractiveness for wealth in long-term dating, and did not desire secondary psychopathy in any relationship. Results show that women are more astute in mate preference, avoiding troublesome or financially challenged men who are time and economically costly, and men more readily engage in potentially turbulent relationships.
Reinforcing cycles involving inter- and intraorganizational paradoxical tensions when managing large construction projects

Abstract In recent years, scholars have shown a growing interest in combining control and flexibility when organizing and managing large construction projects, in contrast with the traditional focus on control. Prior research recognizes that there is a paradoxical tension between control and flexibility, meaning that, while both approaches make sense individually, they appear impossible to combine. Large construction projects are interorganizational, which means that tensions between interorganizational control/flexibility coexist with tensions between intraorganizational direction/empowerment, but the interplay and possible reinforcing cycles involving the two tensions have rarely been investigated in prior research. A multiple case study of four large construction projects with three rounds of interviews show how intraorganizational direction/empowerment can influence interorganizational control/flexibility and vice versa, and demonstrate both vicious and virtuous reinforcing cycles that involve the two types of tensions. Therefore, contributing to the project management and construction management literature, it is argued that employing a systemic approach when studying interorganizational projects is essential. A systemic paradox perspective can reveal interdependencies between tensions at different organizational interfaces, improve the understanding of how individuals in all managerial positions interplay, and explain how reinforcing cycles emerge and develop; this is important to recognize when organizing, staffing and managing large construction projects.
Genetic assimilation and the evolution of direction of genital asymmetry in anablepid fishes

Phylogenetic comparative studies suggest that the direction of deviation from bilateral symmetry (sidedness) might evolve through genetic assimilation; however, the changes in sidedness inheritance remain largely unknown. We investigated the evolution of genital asymmetry in fish of the family Anablepidae, in which males' intromittent organ (the gonopodium, a modified anal fin) bends asymmetrically to the left or the right. In most species, males show a 1 : 1 ratio of left-to-right-sided gonopodia. However, we found that in three species left-sided males are significantly more abundant than right-sided ones. We mapped sidedness onto a new molecular phylogeny, finding that this left-sided bias likely evolved independently three times. Our breeding experiment in a species with an excess of left-sided males showed that sires produced more left-sided offspring independently of their own sidedness. We propose that sidedness might be inherited as a threshold trait, with different thresholds across species. This resolves the apparent paradox that, while there is evidence for the evolution of sidedness, commonly there is a lack of support for its heritability and no response to artificial selection. Focusing on the heritability of the left : right ratio of offspring, rather than on individual sidedness, is key for understanding how the direction of asymmetry becomes genetically assimilated.
Miocene fossils from the southeastern Pacific shed light on the last radiation of marine crocodylians

The evolution of crocodylians as sea dwellers remains obscure because living representatives are basically freshwater inhabitants and fossil evidence lacks crucial aspects about crocodylian occupation of marine ecosystems. New fossils from marine deposits of Peru reveal that crocodylians were habitual coastal residents of the southeastern Pacific (SEP) for approximately 14 million years within the Miocene (ca 19 to 5 Ma), an epoch including the highest global peak of marine crocodylian diversity. The assemblage of the SEP comprised two long and slender-snouted (longirostrine) taxa of the Gavialidae: the giant Piscogavialis and a new early diverging species, Sacacosuchus cordovai. Although living gavialids (Gavialis and Tomistoma) are freshwater forms, this remarkable fossil record and a suite of evolutionary morphological analyses reveal that the whole evolution of marine crocodylians pertained to the gavialids and their stem relatives (Gavialoidea). This adaptive radiation produced two longirostrine ecomorphs with dissimilar trophic roles in seawaters and involved multiple transmarine dispersals to South America and most landmasses. Marine gavialoids were shallow sea dwellers, and their Cenozoic diversification was influenced by the availability of coastal habitats. Soon after the richness peak of the Miocene, gavialoid crocodylians disappeared from the sea, probably as part of the marine megafauna extinction of the Pliocene.
Of differing methods, disputed estimates and discordant interpretations: the meta-analytical multiverse of brain volume and IQ associations

Brain size and IQ are positively correlated. However, multiple meta-analyses have led to considerable differences in summary effect estimations, thus failing to provide a plausible effect estimate. Here we aim at resolving this issue by providing the largest meta-analysis and systematic review so far of the brain volume and IQ association (86 studies; 454 effect sizes from k = 194 independent samples; N = 26 000+) in three cognitive ability domains (full-scale, verbal, performance IQ). By means of competing meta-analytical approaches as well as combinatorial and specification curve analyses, we show that most reasonable estimates for the brain size and IQ link yield r-values in the mid-0.20s, with the most extreme specifications yielding rs of 0.10 and 0.37. Summary effects appeared to be somewhat inflated due to selective reporting, and cross-temporally decreasing effect sizes indicated a confounding decline effect, with three quarters of the summary effect estimations according to any reasonable specification not exceeding r = 0.26, thus contrasting effect sizes were observed in some prior related, but individual, meta-analytical specifications. Brain size and IQ associations yielded r = 0.24, with the strongest effects observed for more g-loaded tests and in healthy samples that generalize across participant sex and age bands.
Large-herbivore nemabiomes: patterns of parasite diversity and sharing

Amidst global shifts in the distribution and abundance of wildlife and livestock, we have only a rudimentary understanding of ungulate parasite communities and parasite-sharing patterns. We used qPCR and DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples to characterize gastrointestinal nematode (Strongylida) community composition and sharing among 17 sympatric species of wild and domestic large mammalian herbivore in central Kenya. We tested a suite of hypothesis-driven predictions about the role of host traits and phylogenetic relatedness in describing parasite infections. Host species identity explained 27–53% of individual variation in parasite prevalence, richness, community composition and phylogenetic diversity. Host and parasite phylogenies were congruent, host gut morphology predicted parasite community composition and prevalence, and hosts with low evolutionary distinctiveness were centrally positioned in the parasite-sharing network. We found no evidence that host body size, social-group size or feeding height were correlated with parasite composition. Our results highlight the interwoven evolutionary and ecological histories of large herbivores and their gastrointestinal nematodes and suggest that host identity, phylogeny and gut architecture—a phylogenetically conserved trait related to parasite habitat—are the overriding influences on parasite communities. These findings have implications for wildlife management and conservation as wild herbivores are increasingly replaced by livestock.
Utility of Cytomegalovirus Cell-Mediated Immunity Assays in Solid Organ Transplantation

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important viral complications after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Current preventive and management strategies rely primarily on serologic and viral load testing and remain suboptimal. ABSTRACT Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important viral complications after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Current preventive and management strategies rely primarily on serologic and viral load testing and remain suboptimal. To address these issues, multiple techniques to measure CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) have been developed and evaluated in clinical studies over the past two decades. These assays show significant promise for the personalization of CMV management. For example, CMI assays can be used to help determine the optimal duration of antiviral prophylaxis or whether antiviral therapy is indicated in patients with low levels of CMV reactivation. However, despite numerous studies showing potential utility, these assays are not yet in widespread routine clinical use. Barriers to adoption include variations in test complexity, standardization, and thresholds for positivity and insufficient interventional clinical trials. Here, we provide an updated assessment of commonly available tests and the clinical utility of CMV-specific CMI testing in SOT recipients.
The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in COVID-19

An extracorporeal membrane oxygenation program is an important component in the management of COVID-19 patients, but it is imperative to implement a system that is well supported by the institution and staffed with well-trained clinicians to both optimize patient outcomes and to keep providers safe. There are many unknowns related to COVID-19 and one of the most challenging aspects for clinicians is the lack of predictive knowledge as to why some patients fail medical therapy and require advanced support such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. These factors can create challenges during a time of resource scarcity and interruptions in the supply chain. In the current environment in which resources are limited and a pandemic ongoing, we need to focus on evidence based best practice for supportive care of patients in refractory respiratory or cardiac failure with COVID-19. As experience is gained, a greater understanding will develop in this cohort of patients regarding need and timing of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. As this pandemic continues it will be important to compile and analyze multicentered data pertaining to patient specific outcomes to help guide clinicians caring for COVID-19 patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. In this paper we aim to demonstrate the strategies utilized by a major quaternary care center in the utilization and management of ECMO for COVID-19 patients.
Fire safety of concrete structures: Background to BS 8110 fire design

A report, jointly funded by The Concrete Centre and the British Cement Association (1) , into the background to the methods for establishing the fire resistance of concrete structures, has recently been published. The work focused on the original research and test results underpinning the tabulated data in the relevant parts of the UK concrete code BS 8110 (2,3) .
Fairness in Ranking, Part I: Score-Based Ranking

In the past few years, there has been much work on incorporating fairness requirements into algorithmic rankers, with contributions coming from the data management, algorithms, information retrieval, and recommender systems communities. In this survey, we give a systematic overview of this work, offering a broad perspective that connects formalizations and algorithmic approaches across sub-fields. An important contribution of our work is in developing a common narrative around the value frameworks that motivate specific fairness-enhancing interventions in ranking. This allows us to unify the presentation of mitigation objectives and of algorithmic techniques to help meet those objectives or identify trade-offs. In this first part of this survey, we describe four classification frameworks for fairness-enhancing interventions, along which we relate the technical methods surveyed in this article, discuss evaluation datasets, and present technical work on fairness in score-based ranking. In the second part of this survey, we present methods that incorporate fairness in supervised learning, and also give representative examples of recent work on fairness in recommendation and matchmaking systems. We also discuss evaluation frameworks for fair score-based ranking and fair learning-to-rank, and draw a set of recommendations for the evaluation of fair ranking methods.
Personal Space in Human-Robot Interaction at Work: Effect of Room Size and Working Memory Load

A recent literature review on personal space in human-robot interaction identified a research gap for the influence of contextual factors. At the same time, psychological research on interpersonal distancing and theoretical considerations based on compensatory control models suggest the importance of considering these factors in robot path planning. To address this gap, we tested the effect of room size and working memory load on participants’ comfort distance toward an approaching robot. In a preregistered 3 × 2 within-subject design, N = 72 participants were approached by a mobile manufacturing robot in a corridor with varying room size and with and without a cognitive secondary task. As dependent variables, comfort distance, arousal, and perceived control were measured. While room size and working memory load had no significant direct effect on comfort distance, participants felt higher arousal and lower control in smaller rooms and in conditions with high working memory load, which in turn caused larger comfort distances (indirect effect). With experience, comfort distances decreased. Based on the indirect effects, future studies should test the effect of more extreme manipulations on comfort distances. Robots should adapt their path planning by keeping larger distances toward human workers in stressful environments to avoid discomfort.
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus: a collision of two heavyweight non-communicable diseases

Introduction: Patients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (PLWD) are at an increased risk of developing hypertension (HPT). The presence of HPT in PLWD (PLWDH) accelerates diabetes-related complications (DRC). Scarce data exist from South Africa on the impact of HPT in PLWD. Methods: Data werecaptured from Edendale Hospital diabetes clinic datasheets from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 and analysed to determine differences in demographic, clinical and biochemical variables between PLWD and PLWDH. Results: Data from 822 PLWD were analysed, the majority having HPT (713,86.74%). The prevalence of HPT, resistant HPT (RHPT) and the number of antihypertensives used increased with age and diabetes duration. PLWDH had statistically poorer lipid control (LC), higher creatinine, waist circumference (WC), increased prevalence of sensory peripheral neuropathy, non-proliferative and proliferative retinopathy, cerebrovascular accidents, proteinuria and renal impairment. The significant majority of PLWDH were not meeting diabetes targets (glycaemic, lipid, BMI, WC). The bulk of PLWDH were on combination antihypertensive therapy (p < 0.001) and performed significantly better than monotherapy for glycaemia, LC, BMI and WC. Proteinuria and blood pressure (BP) improved significantly as the number of antihypertensives increased. One-fifth (151, 18.37%) of PLWDH had RHPT; this was more common in females (p < 0.001). PLWD with RHPT had a significantly higher LDL cholesterol, BMI, and urine protein–creatinine ratio (p < 0.001). Over one-quarter (29.87%) of the PLWD without HPT had a BP over 140/90mmHg. Conclusion: It was shown that HPT, RHPT and obesity are significant comorbidities in PLWD and increase the risk of DRC. The majority of PLWDH are not meeting targets, which places them at increased risk of DRC. BP, glycaemic and LC and proteinuria improved in those on combination antihypertensive therapy. A significant proportion of PLWD without HPT had elevated BP, and thus were potentially undiagnosed hypertensives needing intervention.
The Nature and Structure of Mothers’ Parenting Their Infants

SYNOPSIS Objective. To test three competing models of the nature and structure of maternal parenting practices with infants in U.S. national and multiple international samples. The three models were a one-factor dimensional model, a multi-factor style model, and a hybrid two-factor/six-domain model. Undertaking this evaluation of parenting with national and international samples permits a wide yet judicious analysis of culture-common versus culture-specific models of maternal parenting practices with young infants. Design. Basic caregiving practices of primiparous mothers with their 5-month-old infants during naturalistic interactions at home in nine different cultures were videorecorded, microcoded, and analyzed. Individual practices were organized into nurture, physical, social, didactic, material, and language domains. Results. In Study 1 using a U.S. sample (N = 360), analyses of the structure of mothers’ parenting practices yielded a best-fitting two-factor/six-domain structure. In Study 2, using a 9-nation sample (N = 653), the two-factor/six-domain structure was largely replicated and partial metric invariance achieved. Conclusions. Mothers’ parenting in the middle of the first year of their infant’s life is commonly structured and adapted to the universal needs and developmental tasks of infants’ surviving and thriving.
Trust in the police and the militarisation of law enforcement in Latin America

ABSTRACT Modern civilian police in Latin America has transitioned from an authoritarian past to a violent present. This institutional trajectory has evolved in the shadow of recurrent attempts by elected civilians to bring the armed forces back to domestic politics for partisan or personal gains. Current militarisation of law enforcement is another exploitation of the traditional supremacy of the armed forces over the police, which could have important repercussions on citizen trust in the police. Survey data from 28,874 adults in 18 countries were analysed to identify patterns of trust in both the armed forces and the police and to assess the impact of public support for the militarisation of law enforcement on citizen trust in the police. Results suggest that although both the military and the police are in general moderately appreciated by the citizenry, when criminal violence and political instability strike, public trust in the two security institutions starts to move in opposite directions. Subregional differences notwithstanding, the arrival of armed forces as iron-fisted guardians preventing society’s descent into violent chaos amidst insecurity and chaos typically damages police legitimacy. Declining trust in the police and increasing public support for the militarisation of law enforcement feed a downward spiral in high-crime environments that further discredits the police. Political implications of this legitimacy crisis are discussed, and policy solutions are recommended.
Interannual Impact of the North Atlantic Tripole SST Mode on the Surface Potential Vorticity Over the Tibetan Plateau During Boreal Summer

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important forcing in the global climate system. Compared to the extensive studies on the influence of the TP on surrounding climates, the variability of the surface potential vorticity (PV) over the TP (TPSPV) in response to other forcings is seldom discussed. In this article, the influence of the interannual mode of North Atlantic tripole sea surface temperature (NAT) on the TPSPV during boreal summer is investigated. Results show that the negative (positive) anomalous TPSPV is associated with anomalous unstable (stable) surface air, cyclonic (anticyclonic) surface circulation, and rising (sinking) motion, which favors the stronger (weaker) East Asian summer monsoon and weaker (stronger) Indian summer monsoon. Further analysis indicates that the negative TPSPV is significantly correlated with a positive NAT mode with a cold center in the middle and warm centers in the subtropic and subpolar regions. This relationship is further testified by numerical experiments. The results further demonstrate that the positive NAT forcing can stimulate a Rossby wave train aloft, which passes Scandinavia, Ural and arrives at the TP and eventually triggers a low‐level positive PV over the TP. Constrained by the PV‐θ mechanism, the low‐level positive PV favors a decrease in static stability near the surface and thus leads to a negative TPSPV. Under the positive feedback between TPSPV and vertical motion, the negative TPSPV could further strengthen. Therefore, the positive NAT phase could intensify the thermal and dynamic forcings of the TP in association with TPSPV during boreal summer.