Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The oldest record of the genus Torvosaurus (Theropoda: Megalosauridae) from the Callovian Ornatenton Formation of north-western Germany

© LWL-Museum für Naturkunde Abstract A fragmentary maxilla from the middle Callovian Ornatenton Formation of the Wiehengebirge, north-western Germany, shows two autapomorphies of the theropod dinosaur genus Torvosaurus, a maxilla fenestra that is developed as a large and shallow but not sharply defined depression and an anteroposteriorly oriented ridge transversing the ventral part of the maxillary fenestra. This specimen represents the first occurrence of this genus from Germany and the oldest record of Torvosaurus, which is otherwise securely known from the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian of Portugal and the western USA. Given that the two closest relatives of Torvosaurus, Megalosaurus and Wiehenvenator, are known from the Bathonian of England and the Callovian of Germany, respectively, an evolutionary origin of derived megalosaurines in north-central Europe is indicated. The records of Torvosaurus in the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian of Portugal and the Morrison Formation of the western USA most probably represent dispersal of the genus from this area in the Late Jurassic.
DISTRIBUTION OF SIX-SPOTTED MITE, GREENHOUSE THRIPS AND BROWNHEADED LEAFROLLER IN AVOCADO ORCHARDS

During the 2002-2003 season research was carried out to validate and improve the AvoGreen® sampling methodology. Studies of the spatial distribution within blocks of leafrollers, greenhouse thrips (GHT) and six-spotted mite (6SM) were undertaken. Pest distribution within blocks was studied in the Far North, Whangarei and Bay Of Plenty regions. All the trees in a block were sampled from the ground with 10 shoots or five fruit sites/tree inspected. The results showed that leafrollers and GHT were irregularly distributed throughout the blocks, while 6SM populations were also irregular but tended to a more even distribution at higher population densities. Vertical distribution of leafroller caterpillars and GHT on host trees was investigated by sampling at three height strata for 10 trees in each block. The results indicated that the height of sampling did influence the number of thrips or caterpillars found, in contrast to the previous season. Degree-day models for predicting armoured scale and GHT infestations were evaluated. For armoured scale, the observed infestation of fruit by the second generation was in good agreement with that predicted from a phenological model based on a generation time of 1,056 degree-days. For thrips, degree-day accumulations, and therefore the timing and number of generations, varied little between regions indicating that this aspect did not account for the variation among regions in pest status of GHT. The use of pheromone traps to measure leafroller populations was investigated as an alternative to the standard technique of caterpillar monitoring. AvoGreen® monitoring data was compared to trap catches in two Bay of Plenty orchards. The number of male leafroller moths caught in pheromone traps did not reflect the number of caterpillars present in the orchard.
Corporate Ownership Structure as a Determinant of “Risk Taking”: Insights from Italian Listed Companies

Ever since major accounting scandals and corporate collapses of the early 2000’s, the improved risk taking and the lax approach to risk management procedures, which are viewed as contributing factors to the market breakdown that occurred in the international market and, in particular, in the U.S. in 2007, have led to an increased awareness of the importance of managing risk on the part of listed companies. Risk management has gained importance in the definition of what it means to be the best and most efficient corporate governance structure and mechanism, as it can play a fundamental role in helping to achieve the company’s target. Also disclosure related to risk management is fundamental for the efficient functioning of capital markets since it helps to improve corporate transparency and to reduce the information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between ownership structure and corporate risk-taking behavior and disclosure, as a tool for protecting shareholders, among Italian listed companies. The analysis is devoted to the Italian stock market because it is strongly characterized by a high ownership concentration and by the presence of a family ownership model; and this scenario makes the Italian one an interesting case to study. Based on a sample of 233 Italian listed companies, through a multivariate regression, we find that a high level of ownership concentration is positively related to a firms' low level of risk taking by the board of directors, so giving interesting insights to regulators and practitioners, as well as for further research.
MATERNAL ATTACHMENT, EMOTION-REGULATION, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING OF INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA

The present study investigated the relationship between maternal attachment (i.e. trust, communication, and alienation) and cognitive functioning among the institutionalized children in Malaysia; and the mediating role of emotion-regulation on the relationships. A sample of 262 institutionalized children aged 7 to 12 was recruited via PPS sampling across Malaysia to answer the IPPA-R for Children, the Raven’s CPM and the ERICA. Data were analysed using PLS-SEM in SmartPLS 3.0 software. Results revealed that alienation was positively correlated to cognitive functioning, whereas, insignificant relationship was found for trust and communication; and emotion-regulation was correlated to alienation and cognitive functioning. Findings suggested that alienation is a contributor of healthier cognitive functioning among the institutionalized children in Malaysia. Furthermore, the findings showed that a consequential role of emotion-regulation in influencing the association between alienation and cognitive functioning. In other word, children in the institutions are influenced through the efforts of modulate emotional arousal in order to aid better cognitive performance.
Spatial dynamics of SARS-Cov-2 and reduced risk of contagion: evidence from the second Italian epidemic wave

We highlight a negative association between the severity of the first-wave of SARS-Cov-2 and the spread of the virus during the second-wave. Analyzing data of a sample of municipalities from the Italian region of Lombardy, we find that a one standard deviation increase in excess of mortality during the first-wave is associated with a reduction of approximately 30% in the number of detected infected individuals in the initial phase of the second-wave. Our findings may reflect a behavioral response in more severely hit areas as well as a cross-protection between successive waves.
The COVID-19 epidemic in the Czech Republic: retrospective analysis of measures (not) implemented during the spring first wave

The Czech Republic (or Czechia) is facing the second wave of COVID-19 epidemic, with the rate of growth in the number of confirmed cases (among) the highest in Europe. Learning from the spring first wave, when many countries implemented interventions that effectively stopped national economics (i.e., a form of lockdown), political representations are now unwilling to do that again, at least until really necessary. Therefore, it is necessary to look back and assess efficiency of each of the first wave restrictions, so that interventions can now be more finely tuned. We develop an age-structured model of COVID-19 epidemic, distinguish several types of contact, and divide the population into 206 counties. We calibrate the model by sociological and population movement data and use it to analyze the first wave of COVID-19 epidemic in Czechia, through assessing effects of applied restrictions as well as exploring functionality of alternative intervention schemes that were discussed later. To harness various sources of uncertainty in our input data, we apply the Approximate Bayesian Computation framework. We found that (1) personal protective measures as face masks and increased hygiene are more effective than reducing contacts, (2) delaying the lockdown by four days led to twice more confirmed cases, (3) implementing personal protection and effective testing as early as possible is a priority, and (4) tracing and quarantine or just local lockdowns can effectively compensate for any global lockdown if the numbers of confirmed cases not exceedingly high.
Characterization and Performance of Minimum Quantity Lubricants in Through-Tool Drilling

This study characterized airborne microdroplet diameters and size distribution from two commercially available lubricants A and B for internal minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). The effects of air pressure, oil channel size, physical properties of lubricants on the resultant microdroplets and through-tool MQL drilling performance were studied. Airborne microdroplet diameters were highly sensitive to the coolant channel sizes and air pressure. Cluster method was used to divide microdroplets into smaller clusters for comparison. Experimental data show that the average airborne microdroplet of lubricant B was larger than that of lubricant A at different air pressures and channel sizes. The contact angle of lubricant A was at least 10° less than that of lubricant B when depositing on glass or aluminium. High-speed imaging showed the tendency of more viscous lubricant B sticking to the drill tip, and higher pressure and longer time was required to atomize this viscous oil. Built-up-edges were less significant when drilling A380 aluminium with lubricant A. Due to high machinability of A380 aluminium, variation of hole diameter and hole cylindricity were minimal when drilling with different lubricants. Insignificant improvement in hole quality was observed when drilling with excessive amount of MQL lubricants or high concentration of lubricant C in flood coolant.
A fair efficacy formula for assessing the effectiveness of contact tracing applications

Mobile contact tracing apps have been developed by many countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Trials have focussed on unobserved population trials or staged scenarios aimed to simulate real life. No efficacy measure has been developed that assesses the fundamental ability of any proximity detection protocol to accurately detect, measure, and therefore assess the epidemiological risk that a mobile phone owner has been placed at. This paper provides a fair efficacy formula that can be applied to any mobile contact tracing app, using any technology, allowing it's likely epidemiological effectiveness to be assessed. This paper defines such a formula and provides results for several simulated protocols as well as one real life protocol tested according to the standard methodology set out in this paper. The results presented show that protocols that use time windows greater than 30 seconds or that bucket their distance analogue (E.g. RSSI for Bluetooth) provide poor estimates of risk, showing an efficacy rating of less than 6%. The fair efficacy formula is shown in this paper to be able to be used to calculate the 'Efficacy of contact tracing' variable value as used in two papers on using mobile applications for contact tracing [6]. The output from the formulae in this paper, therefore, can be used to directly assess the impact of technology on the spread of a disease outbreak. This formula can be used by nations developing contact tracing applications to assess the efficacy of their applications. This will allow them to reassure their populations and increase the uptake of contact tracing mobile apps, hopefully having an effect on slowing the spread of COVID-19 and future epidemics.
Too cold for dating: Temporal distribution of the calling activity of an austral anuran assemblage

Understanding the mechanisms that generate and maintain the temporal distribution patterns of organisms is one of the main challenges of ecology. Over narrow temporal scales (e.g., annual), variations in the distributions of populations and, consequently, of assemblages are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors (Sicilia et al., 2006; Shurin, 2007), such as climate conditions (Pombal Jr., 1997; Adler and Levine, 2007), competition (Toft, 1985), and the availability of water bodies (Rodrigues et al., 2010). Despite an increase in the numbers of studies conducted, the volume of knowledge regarding temporal patterns is much lower than that of spatial patterns of biodiversity. Thus, studies analysing temporal distributions are essential for understanding and predicting future changes in the structure and functioning of assemblages that result from human activities. Anuran reproductive activity begins with the male’s calling activity upon which the female chooses her partner (Wells, 2007). This calling activity is the first step in reproduction; however, vocalisation does not always indicate reproductive activity (Toledo et al., 2015). Amphibian species in tropical and temperate regions with seasonal climate conditions have interrupted reproductive cycles, whereas anuran species in tropical wet regions tend to have long reproductive periods (Wells, 2007), although exceptions exist (see Ximenez and Tozetti, 2015). Climatic factors (e.g., relative humidity, rainfall, and temperature) are considered the main factors that can regulate the activities of ectothermic organisms such as anurans (Pombal Jr. et al., 1994; Hartel et al., 2007; Wells, 2007). In tropical and subtropical regions, rainfall is expected to be one of the main abiotic factors that determine the calling and reproductive activities of anurans (e.g., in Bolivian anurans, Schalk and Saenz, 2016), while in temperate regions, the main factor seems to be temperature (e.g., Lithobates pipiens in Canada, Sommers et al., 2018). In the subtropical region, the Herpetology Notes, volume 12: 961-968 (2019) (published online on 10 October 2019)
Effect of Institutional and Insider Ownership on Dividend Policy: Evidence from Pakistan

This research study aimed to examine the effect of institutional and insider ownership on dividend policy of a firm. Ownership structure play a vital role in explaining firm dividend policy. To investigate the effect of institutional and insider ownership on dividend policy, a random sample of 50 non-financial firms was selected for the period of 2009 to 2013. The study based on panel data so for the selection of appropriate panel data model among pooled OLS, Random effect and Fixed effect, Breusch Pagan LM test, Chow test, and Hausman test were used and random effect model was found best fitted. Results indicated that institutional ownership has positive relationship while insider ownership has negative relationship with dividend payout. Further, inclusion of institutional ownership along with insider ownership has increased the explanatory power of the model by 5.56% which is the incremental effect of the institutional ownership. Moreover, free cash flows and leverage have negative while firm size and market to book value have positive relationship with dividend payout.
“Customized Titanium Mesh versus Titanium Reinforced Membrane in localized Alveolar Ridge Augmentation with Simultaneously delayed implant placement” A randomized clinical study

Aim: To compare two different alveolar ridge augmentation (ARA) approaches applied in conjunction with delayed dental implants regarding the enhancement of the buccolingual alveolar ridge width and the changes in alveolar crestal level radiographically. Materials and Methods: 20 patients participated in this study; two groups received particulate bone graft simultaneously with delayed implant placement. Ten patients had received Customized titanium mesh (CTi) and ten patients had received titanium (Ti) reinforced membrane. Results: Regarding the buccolingual ridge width by CBCT. Comparing the value of pre-post percent change between groups, revealed no statistically significant difference. In both groups, comparing pre and post value of buccolingual ridge width revealed a statistically significant increase. Regarding changes in alveolar crestal level by digital periapical radiography. In both groups, comparing pre and post value of alveolar crestal bone revealed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Customized titanium mesh can be used successfully for ARA performed simultaneous with delayed implant placement as it enhances buccolingual alveolar ridge width and prevent alveolar crestal resorption.
CEO Power, Ownership Structure and Firms' Performance: Evidence from GCC Listed Firms

Our analysis is based on a panel of 204 listed companies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock markets. This panel allows us to estimate the transmission parameters of CEO power to firm’s performance, during the period 2010-2016. Through fixed effects models, results revealed that CEO managerial Power is positively related to firm performance. More specifically, firms whose CEOs are more powerful may exhibit better firm performance. Contrarily, the ownership concentration, used as moderator variable, has no significant positive effect.
Metabolic and Immune Aspects of Sex

Autism as a Neurodevelopmental disorder is known to greatly affect males than females. It is very interesting to understand different mechanisms that might be related to male susceptibility or female protection such as sex hormones. Understanding the differences in vulnerability of both sexes’ to develop impaired gut microbiota, oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, and neuro inflammation as etiological mechanisms of autism.
Profitability and Efficiency of Palm Oil Marketing in Arochukwu Local Government Area of Abia State Nigeria

The research was conducted in view of the inherent problems of palm oil marketing and an information gap on the return on investment of palm oil marketing as a sustainer of livelihoods. The major objectives were to determine the profitability and determinants of efficiency as well as the return on investment of palm oil marketing. It was carried out in Arochukwu Local Government Area where 80 marketers were sampled and data collected with the aid of questionnaires. Descriptive statistic tools, budgetary analysis approach as well as Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression technique were used to analyze the data. It was observed that palm oil marketing in the study area was a profitable venture. Mean monthly profit of wholesalers was found to be 175,015.25 while that of retailers was found to be 39,143.78. Mean marketing efficiency of wholesalers was 1.0345 while that of retailers was 1.0920. Return on investment was found to be low and for wholesalers averaged 3.492% while that of retailers averaged 9.22%. Four factors namely level of education, marketing experience, sales volume and marketing cost were found to influence the marketing efficiency of wholesalers while age, level of education, marketing experience, distance from the market, sales volume and marketing cost were found to influence the marketing efficiency of retailers. The major problems that affected the marketers were seasonality, perishability, high purchase price, high cost of transportation, exploitative taxes and charges and lack of access to credit. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the marketers be exposed to continuous education, that social/ marketing infrastructure be provided and that marketers should form cooperatives to muster more funds in order to expand their capacities.
Dynamical Mass Estimates of the β Pictoris Planetary System through Gaussian Process Stellar Activity Modeling

Nearly 15 yr of radial velocity (RV) monitoring and direct imaging enabled the detection of two giant planets orbiting the young, nearby star β Pictoris. The δ Scuti pulsations of the star, which overwhelm planetary signals, need to be carefully suppressed. In this work, we independently revisit the analysis of the RV data following a different approach than available in the literature to model the activity of the star. We show that a Gaussian process (GP) with a stochastically driven damped harmonic oscillator kernel can model the δ Scuti pulsations. It provides similar results to parametric models but with a simpler framework, using only three hyperparameters. It also enables us to model poorly sampled RV data that were excluded from previous analyses, hence extending the RV baseline by nearly five years. Altogether, the orbit and mass of both planets can be constrained from RV only, which was not possible with the parametric modeling. To characterize the system more accurately, we also perform a joint fit of all available relative astrometry and RV data. Our orbital solutions for b favor a low eccentricity of and a relatively short period of yr. The orbit of c is eccentric with with a period of 3.36 ± 0.03 yr. We find model-independent masses of 11.7 ± 1.4 and 8.5 ± 0.5 for b and c, respectively, assuming coplanarity. The mass of b is consistent with the hottest start evolutionary models, at an age of 25 ± 3 Myr. A direct detection of c would provide a second calibration measurement in a coeval system.
A Community Plan for Fusion Energy and Discovery Plasma Sciences

This document is the final report of the Community Planning Process (CPP) that describes a comprehensive plan to deliver fusion energy and to advance plasma science. The CPP was initiated by the executive committee of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics (APS DPP) to help the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) fulfill a charge from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to develop a strategic plan for the DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (FES). In this charge, dated Nov 30, 2018, DOE Deputy Director for Science Dr. Stephen Binkley requested that FESAC "undertake a new long range strategic planning activity for the Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) program. The strategic planning activity to encompass the entire FES research portfolio (namely, burning plasma science and discovery plasma science) should identify and prioritize the research required to advance both the scientific foundation needed to develop a fusion energy source, as well as the broader FES mission to steward plasma science. " The CPP represents the first phase in developing a long range strategic plan for FES, and will serve as the basis for the second phase activity conducted by FESAC. It is worth noting that enacting the full scope of the recommendations in the strategic plan in this document will require suitable partnerships with other offices and governmental agencies, as well as with private industry and international partners.
Distributed Stochastic Consensus Optimization With Momentum for Nonconvex Nonsmooth Problems

While many distributed optimization algorithms have been proposed for solving smooth or convex problems over the networks, few of them can handle non-convex and non-smooth problems. Based on a proximal primal-dual approach, this paper presents a new (stochastic) distributed algorithm with Nesterov momentum for accelerated optimization of non-convex and non-smooth problems. Theoretically, we show that the proposed algorithm can achieve an <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon$</tex-math></inline-formula>-stationary solution under a constant step size with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(1/\epsilon ^2)$</tex-math></inline-formula> computation complexity and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(1/\epsilon)$</tex-math></inline-formula> communication complexity when the epigraph of the non-smooth term is a polyhedral set. When compared to the existing gradient tracking based methods, the proposed algorithm has the same order of computation complexity but lower order of communication complexity. To the best of our knowledge, the presented result is the first stochastic algorithm with the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(1/\epsilon)$</tex-math></inline-formula> communication complexity for non-convex and non-smooth problems. Numerical experiments for a distributed non-convex regression problem and a deep neural network based classification problem are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.