Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Major Insect Pests and Predators of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.) in Middle Gujarat

A survey was conducted on pigeon pea crop in Panchmahals district of Gujarat. A total of 3 talukas were surveyed to record major pigeon pea pests namely Spiny brown bug, Clavigralla gibbosa Spinola, Tur pod bug, Riptortus pedestris Fb. , Green stink bug, Nezara viridula Linn. , Aphids, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Cow bugs, Otinotus oneratus W. , Oxyrachis tarandus F. , Scale insect, Ceroplastodes cajani Maskell, Icerya purchasi Maskell, Mealybugs, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Paracoccus marginatus W. & G. , Coccidohystrix insolita Green, Leaf hoppers, Empoasca kerri Pruthi, Plume moth, Exelastis atomosa Walshingham, Pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, Spotted pod borer, Maruca testulalis Geyer, Hairy caterpillars, Spilosoma obliqua Walker, Leaf webbers/folders, Grapholita critica Meyr. , Blue butterfly, Lampides boeticus Linn. , Blister beetles, Mylabris pustulata Thumberg, Ash/Grey weevil, Myllocerus undecimpustulatus Faust, Thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall, Eriyophid mite, Aceria cajani Channa. , Pod fly, Melanogromyza obtusa Malloch, and Termite, Odontotermes spp. , Out of these pests, 9 insect species each were observed as regular and sporadic pests whereas other 2 as major and 5 as minor pests respectively. Total number of 25 insect pests species and 8 species of predators were recorded on pigeon pea crop during the period of study. The predators recorded mainly belonged to orders Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Dictyoptera, Araneida and Neuroptera.
Neural correlates of sense of agency in motor control: A neuroimaging meta-analysis

The sense of agency (SoA) refers to the perception that an action is the consequence of one’s own intention. Studies exploring the SoA with neuroimaging techniques summarized the available data and confirmed a role of fronto-parietal areas and subcortical structures. However, these studies focused on specific regions of interest. We thus conducted a whole-brain meta-analysis to verify which regions emerge as significant for the SoA, specifically during motor execution. We performed a systematic search on PubMed, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases with the following inclusion criteria: studies investigating SoA with a visuo-motor task by means of neuroimaging in healthy subjects. We performed a quantitative, whole-brain, meta-analysis of neural correlates of the SoA based on the activation likelihood estimation. Of the 785 articles identified by our search, 22 studies met our inclusion criteria (169 foci, 295 subjects for decreased agency, and 58 foci, 165 subjects for normal agency). Neural correlates of decreased agency were the bilateral temporo-parietal junction (MNI: 50,-54,14; -44,-52,42; -48,-56,8). Normal agency showed no significant clusters of activation. This meta-analysis confirmed the key role of areas responsible for decreased SoA during motor control, whereas normal agency did not show a specific neural signature. This study sets the ground for future regions-of-interest analyses of neural correlates of SoA, as well as potential neuromodulation studies, which might be relevant in medical conditions presenting with abnormal SoA.
Nutrient Composition of Demersal, Pelagic, and Mesopelagic Fish Species Sampled Off the Coast of Bangladesh and Their Potential Contribution to Food and Nutrition Security—The EAF-Nansen Programme

Fish is a major part of the Bangladeshi diet, but data on the nutrient composition of marine fish species are sparse. Mesopelagic fish may be a new potential resource of food and nutrients; however, nutrient composition data are lacking. The aim of this study was to provide nutrient composition data of fish species sampled off the coast of Bangladesh and determine their potential contribution to recommended nutrient intakes (RNI). Seven species from the pelagic, mesopelagic, and demersal zones were sampled from the coast of Bangladesh with Dr. Fridtjof Nansen in 2018. Three pooled samples containing 15-840 individuals from each species were analysed at the Institute of Marine Research, Norway. The demersal species contained substantially lower concentrations of nearly all nutrients, whereas the mesopelagic species generally were more nutrient dense. All species, except for the demersal species Bombay duck (9% dry matter), were found to contribute ≥100% to the RNI of vitamin B12, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and selenium. All species, except for the demersal fish species, contributed ≥25% to the RNI of six or more nutrients. The data presented in this paper are an important contribution to the Bangladeshi food composition table and contribute to the understanding of fish as an important source of micronutrients.
Enhanced growth of wild cherry using micropropagated plants and mycorrhizal inoculation

Mycorrhizal inoculation is a promising, sustainable technique to enhance plant growth. We evaluated the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and of the use of two substrates, soil and peat, on the growth of wild cherry, Prunus avium L. , on the weaning and post-weaning. After weaning, plants were grown for 13 weeks in a greenhouse on either 40% soil or 40% peat at two levels of fertiliser: 2 or 4 g m -3 of a 16:9:12 slow-release fertiliser. They were subsequently kept for a further 120 days in a frost-free greenhouse before outplanting to the field. The results show that enhanced plant growth after seven months in the field was associated with increased peat and fertiliser levels in the substrates during the post-weaning growth phase, and with prior mycorrhizal inoculation by a G. deserticola isolate, which compensated for less favourable substrate conditions. Plants inoculated with G. intraradices had more branches positioned in the lower half of the stem, while plants inoculated with G. deserticola had more branches in the upper half of the stem.
Microsoft Word-2009-09

There is increasing empirical evidence that trade specialisation and competition takes place in varieties rather than in products or industries. This paper examines recent changes in the export specialisation of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and their Asian competitors by looking at their vertical specialisation through prices. Three price (or quality) segments are distinguished to compare export performance between the two regions using our BACI database, which provides harmonised bilateral unit values for most countries in the world at the most disaggregated product-level (5,000 products) for the period 1995 to 2004. The technology-content of products is also taken into account. The evidence suggests that LAC is losing out on China which is gaining large market shares, notably in the low-quality segment and low-tech segment. However, LAC has retained its initial overall market share, by slightly upgrading the quality and technology content of its exports. Our estimates of similarities in export structures confirm that varieties exported by the two continents are very different. Moreover, LAC export prices are much higher than those of China, but relatively similar to the ones of other Asian nations. Finally, we analyse the determinants of unit values of Latin American and Asian exports. Econometric tests confirm that the type of global competition differs between the two regions: prices play a bigger role in the case of Asian exports, whereas Latin America competes more on quality in world markets. JEL Classification: F1, F4
Why traditional expository teaching–learning approaches may founder? An experimental examination of neural networks in biology learning

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study investigates and discusses neurological explanations for, and the educational implications of, the neural network activations involved in hypothesis‐generating and hypothesis‐understanding for biology education. Two sets of task paradigms about biological phenomena were designed: hypothesis‐generating and hypothesis‐understanding, and 60 healthy participants performed the tasks. fMRI results showed that participants utilised different neural networks during hypothesis‐generating and hypothesis‐understanding, and these networks appeared to have specialised patterns. In other words, these two types of learning strategies related to hypotheses do not share the same brain region or network. Therefore, for biology learning, it might be concluded that hypothesis‐generating and hypothesis‐understanding are operating at differing neural network levels, which causes the difficulty students have generating hypotheses about complicated natural phenomena despite a huge amount of exposure to hypothesis‐understanding during their learning.
Distress and Resilience in the Days of COVID-19: Comparing Two Ethnicities

The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing epidemic of coronavirus disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome, which has spread recently worldwide. Efforts to prevent the virus from spreading include travel restrictions, lockdowns as well as national or regional quarantines throughout the international community. The major negative psychological outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic is the anxiety caused by it. The aim of the present study was to examine the level of concern and the contributions of modes of resilience, well-being and demographic attributes towards decreasing or enhancing anxiety and depression among two samples: Israeli Jews (majority group) and Israeli Arabs (minority group). These random samples included 605 Jews and 156 Arabs who participated in an internet survey. A previous study, which has been conducted in the context of terror attacks, has shown that compared to Israeli Jews, Israeli Arabs expressed a higher level of fear of war and lower levels of resilience supporting personality attributes. The results of the current study indicated a similar pattern that emerged in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: the Israeli Arabs reported a higher level of distress and a lower level of resilience and well-being.
Restoration of body mass in King Penguins after egg abandonment at a critical energy depletion stage: early vs late breeders

In fasting-incubating seabirds, it has been proposed that egg abandonment and refeeding should be induced when a low body mass (BM) threshold is attained, thus ensuring adult survival at the expense of immediate breeding. In the context of life-history trade-offs in long-lived birds, we have tested this hypothesis by comparing short-term survival and restoration of BM in King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus that abandoned their egg to those that were relieved normally by their mate at the end of the first incubation shift. Since King Penguins have an extended laying period, the possible influence of seasonal factors was also examined by comparing early and late breeders. Forty incubating males were experimentally forced to fast until egg abandonment by preventing relief by the female. At egg abandonment of both early and late breeding males, BM was below the BM threshold, fasting duration was eight days (about 30%) longer than for relieved birds, and plasma uric acid level was elevated (signature of increased body protein catabolism, phase III of fasting). All abandoning birds survived and came back from sea at a BM similar to that of relieved penguins. The duration of the foraging trip of abandoning early breeders was the same as that of relieved birds, and some abandoning birds engaged in a new breeding attempt. Abandoning late breeders, however, made foraging trips twice as long as those of relieved males. This difference can be explained by time constraints rather than nutritional constraints, abandoning early breeders having enough time left in the breeding season to engage in a new breeding attempt in contrast to abandoning late breeders. These observations lend support to the suggestion that not only BM but also an internal clock intervene in the decision to engage in breeding or not. By preventing a lethal energy depletion ashore and by acting at a fasting stage where the capacity to restore BM at sea is unaffected, abandonment at a low body condition threshold plays a major role in the trade-off between adult penguin survival and reproduction.
The Impact of Infection and Inflammation on Drug Metabolism, Active Transport, and Systemic Drug Concentrations in Veterinary Species

Within human medicine, it is recognized that the pharmacokinetics (PK) of many compounds can be altered by the presence of inflammation or infection. Research into the reason for these changes has identified pathways that can influence drug absorption, clearance, and tissue distribution. In contrast, far less is known about these relationships within the framework of veterinary medicine. Rather, most of the PK data generated in veterinary species employs healthy subjects, raising the question of whether these studies are founded on an assumption that healthy animal PK reflect that of the diseased animal population. Accordingly, there is a need to explore the PK changes that might be overlooked in studies that recruit only healthy animals to assesses drug PK. To meet this objective, we surveyed the published literature for studies focusing on the impact of disease on the dose-exposure relationships in food-producing and companion animal species. We found that, consistent with humans and laboratory species, both up- and downregulation of the various cytochrome isoenzymes and/or transporters have occurred in response to an increase in inflammatory mediators. These findings suggest that, as observed in human medicine, the potential for differences in the drug PK in healthy versus animal patients points to a need for acquiring a greater understanding of these changes and how they may influence the dose-exposure-response relationships of veterinary pharmaceuticals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This review delivers a much-needed summary of published information that provides insights into how disease and inflammation can influence the appropriateness of extrapolating laboratory-based dose-exposure-response relationships to what will occur in the actual veterinary patient. As part of this review, we also examine some of the method-associated issues to be considered when assessing the reported nature and magnitude of these changes.
The impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on surgical outcome for patients with mostly HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underwent hepatectomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on surgical outcome, mostly in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent hepatectomy. METHODS A propensity score matching analysis was conducted. Patients were categorized into two groups MetS-related hepatocellular carcinoma (MetS-HCC) and 1:1 matched non-MetS-related HCC (non-MetS-HCC). Surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Seventy-four MetS-HCC patients and 74 propensity score-matched non-MetS-HCC patients were selected for analysis. The incidence of surgical site infection was higher in the MetS-HCC group than in the non-MetS-HCC group (12.16% vs 0%, P < .005). There was no difference in the recurrence-free survival and overall survival between patients in the MetS-HCC group and in non-MetS-HCC group (P > .05). Microvascular invasion and severe postoperative complications were independent risk factors for recurrence-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Hepatectomy for patients with mostly HBV-related HCC in the presence of MetS can result in a higher rate of postoperative surgical site infection compared with those in the absence of MetS, but long-term survival rates are comparable.
INTRA- AND INTERSPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN AGONISTIC VOCALIZATION IN CROAKING GOURAMIS (GENUS: TRICHOPSIS, ANABANTOIDEI, TELEOSTEI)

ABSTRACT In this study a detailed analysis of acoustical parameters of sounds produced by male Trichopsis vittatus, T. schalleri and T. pumilus during agonistic behaviour is reported. The calls consist of croaks which are composed of double pulses generated by modified pectoral fins. Calls of the three species are different in main frequency, number of double pulses within a croak and double pulse period. Croaks are uttered in series only in T. vittatus. Sound pressure levels are highest in T. pumilus, the smallest species. Amplitude of individual pulses of a double pulse are similar in T. pumilus and T. schalleri. Main frequency is negatively correlated with body mass in all species, but there is no correlation between sound pressure level and body mass. Differences in the calls of the three species suggest that T. schalleri is a distinct species. Furthermore, results indicate spectral characteristics and sound intensity could be of biological importance in fish.
Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy: evidence for CD4+ γδ T cells; de novo differentiation of RFD7+ macrophages, but not of RFD1+ dendritic cells; and loss of γδ and αβ T cell receptor expression

Aim: To characterise periorbital immune cells (stages, kinetics) in active and inactive thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (A-TAO; I-TAO). Methods: In orbital tissue cryosections of patients with A-TAO (n = 15), I-TAO (n = 11), and healthy controls (n = 14), adipose and fibrovascular areas were evaluated for MHC II+ cells, CD45+ total leukocytes, myeloid cells (CD33+ monocytes; CD14+ macrophages; mature RFD7+ macrophages; RFD1+ dendritic cells (DCs)), and lymphoid cells (CD4+ T cells; αβ and γδ T cells; CD20+ B cells). Results are expressed as medians and 5% confidence intervals. Results: In fibrovascular septae, a surge of CD33+ immigrants clearly correlating with disease activity generated significantly increased (p<0.05) percentages of CD14+ and RFD7+ macrophages. Intriguingly, CD4+ cells were mostly γδ T cells, while αβ T helper cells were much less frequent. Successful treatment rendering TAO inactive apparently downregulates monocyte influx, macrophage differentiation, and T cell receptor expression. Similar trends were recorded for adipose tissue. Interestingly, RFD1+ DCs were completely absent from all conditions examined. Conclusion: A-TAO coincides with periorbital monocyte infiltration and de novo differentiation of macrophages, but not DCs. The authors discuss a novel potential role for inflammatory CD4+ γδ T cells in TAO. Successful treatment apparently downregulates orbital monocyte recruitment and effects functional T cell knockout.
Quelques facteurs déterminant la distribution des bactéries du genre Vibrio dans l’environnement aquatique de Yaoundé, Cameroun

Une etude a ete conduite dans le but de rechercher les bacteries du genre Vibrio et d’identifier quelques facteurs environnementaux qui influencent leur distribution dans l’environnement aquatique de la ville de Yaounde. L’utilisation des techniques de Bacteriologie classique a permis d’identifier six especes : Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, et Vibrio vulnificus. Vibrio cholerae a ete identifie a tous les points d’eaux courantes avec la frequence d’isolement la plus elevee (79%) en amont du Mfoundi, au quartier Etoa-Meki. Les facteurs environnementaux etudies sont : la temperature, le pH, la conductivite, les matieres en suspension, l’oxygene dissous, le dioxyde de carbone dissous, la vitesse d’ecoulement des eaux. Il en ressort que le pH et la conductivite electrique du milieu influencent positivement la presence de Vibrio, toute espece confondue (p Mots cles : Facteurs physico-chimique, environnement aquatique, Vibrio , Yaounde-Cameroun. A study was carried on the occurrence of different Vibrio species in aquatic environment in Yaounde in connection with some environmental factors. Application of classical bacteriological techniques led to the identification of the following species: Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus. Vibrio cholerae was detected in all surface water sampling points, with the highest frequency (79%) upstream the Mfoundi River at Etoa-Meki. The environmental factors investigated included temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, suspended matters, dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide, and rate of water flow. The results indicated correlations between water physical and chemical characteristics and the presence of Vibrio. The pH and water conductivity proved to positively influence the presence of all Vibrio species (p
Niche Separation of Methanotrophic Archaea (ANME-1 and -2) in Methane-Seep Sediments of the Eastern Japan Sea Offshore Joetsu

In this study, we investigated the diversity and spatial distribution of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANMEs) in sediments of a gas hydrate field off Joetsu in the Japan Sea. Distribution of ANMEs in sediments was identified by targeting the gene for methyl coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit (mcrA), a phylogenetically conserved gene that occurs uniquely in methanotrophic and methanogenic archaea, in addition to 16S rRNA genes. Quantitative PCR analyses of mcrA genes in 14 piston core samples suggested that members of ANME-1 group would dominate AOM communities in sulfate-depleted sediments, even below the sulfate-methane interface, while ANME-2 archaea would prefer to populate in shallower sediments containing comparatively higher sulfate concentrations. These results suggest that, although the potential electron acceptors in sulfate-depleted habitats remain elusive, the niche separation of ANME-1 and -2 may be controlled by in situ concentration of sulfate and the availability in sediments.
Geomorphic, Water Quality and Fish Community Patterns Associated with the Distribution of Notropis topeka in a Central Missouri Watershed

Abstract The Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) is a small native cyprinid species that has declined throughout its range in the Central Great Plains Region of the United States. Declines of the species have been associated with numerous factors including water quality, physical habitat alteration and predation. The N. topeka occurs in the Moniteau Creek Watershed of Cooper and Moniteau Counties of Central Missouri. We studied the Moniteau Creek population of N. topeka over a 1 y period to identify the primary physical, chemical and biological factors associated with population distributions. Fish community composition, water quality data and physical habitat variables were collected at 20 sites distributed across 8 sub-watersheds. Notropis topeka were collected at 8 of the 20 locations; 3 of these sites represent a recent within-watershed range expansion. Notropis topeka were confined to upper reaches of the sub-watersheds in areas typified by relatively high gradient and coarse substrate conditions. Water quality was significantly influenced by both precipitation and locations of sub-watersheds. Although there were isolated sub-watersheds with anthropogenic water quality impacts, we did not detect any relationships between water quality conditions and N. topeka distributions. Collectively, the data indicated that the Moniteau Creek Watershed contains a relatively stable population of N. topeka associated with good water quality and habitat conditions. This study provides baseline data that can be used to identify other watersheds where rehabilitation efforts are most likely to be successful.