Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Filtration at the microfluidic level: enrichment of nanoparticles by tunable filters

We present an electrohydrodynamic device for filtration of nanometre-sized particles from suspensions. A high-frequency electric field is locally generated through the action of mutually parallel microelectrodes integrated into a microfluidic channel. Due to the mechanism of ohmic heating, a thermal gradient arises above these electrodes. In conjunction with temperature-sensitive properties of the fluid, an eddy flow behaviour emerges in the laminar environment. This acts as an adjustable filter. For quantification of the filtration efficiency, we tested a wide range of particle concentrations at different electric field strengths and overall external flow velocities. Particles with a diameter of 200 nm were retained in this manner at rates of up to 100%. Numerical simulations of a model taking into account the hydrodynamic as well as electric conditions, but no interactions between the point-shaped particles, yield results that are similar to the experiment in both the flow trajectories and the particle accumulation. Our easy technique could become a valuable tool that complements conventional filtration methods for handling nanometre-scaled particles in medicine and biotechnology, e.g. bacteria and viruses.
Partitioning Detectability Components in Populations Subject to Within-Season Temporary Emigration Using Binomial Mixture Models

Detectability of individual animals is highly variable and nearly always < 1; imperfect detection must be accounted for to reliably estimate population sizes and trends. Hierarchical models can simultaneously estimate abundance and effective detection probability, but there are several different mechanisms that cause variation in detectability. Neglecting temporary emigration can lead to biased population estimates because availability and conditional detection probability are confounded. In this study, we extend previous hierarchical binomial mixture models to account for multiple sources of variation in detectability. The state process of the hierarchical model describes ecological mechanisms that generate spatial and temporal patterns in abundance, while the observation model accounts for the imperfect nature of counting individuals due to temporary emigration and false absences. We illustrate our model’s potential advantages, including the allowance of temporary emigration between sampling periods, with a case study of southern red-backed salamanders Plethodon serratus. We fit our model and a standard binomial mixture model to counts of terrestrial salamanders surveyed at 40 sites during 3–5 surveys each spring and fall 2010–2012. Our models generated similar parameter estimates to standard binomial mixture models. Aspect was the best predictor of salamander abundance in our case study; abundance increased as aspect became more northeasterly. Increased time-since-rainfall strongly decreased salamander surface activity (i.e. availability for sampling), while higher amounts of woody cover objects and rocks increased conditional detection probability (i.e. probability of capture, given an animal is exposed to sampling). By explicitly accounting for both components of detectability, we increased congruence between our statistical modeling and our ecological understanding of the system. We stress the importance of choosing survey locations and protocols that maximize species availability and conditional detection probability to increase population parameter estimate reliability.
Cosine-Modulated Multitone for Very-High-Speed Digital Subscriber Lines

In this paper, the use of cosine-modulated filter banks (CMFBs) for multicarrier modulation in the application of very-high-speed digital subscriber lines (VDSLs) is studied. We refer to this modulation technique as cosine-modulated multitone (CMT). CMT has the same transmitter structure as discrete wavelet multitone (DWMT). However, the receiver structure in CMT is different from its DWMT counterpart. DWMT uses linear combiner equalizers, which typically have more than 20 taps per subcarrier. CMT, on the other hand, adopts a receiver structure that uses only two taps per subcarrier for equalization. This paper has the following contributions. (i) A modification that reduces the computational complexity of the receiver structure of CMT is proposed. (ii) Although traditionally CMFBs are designed to satisfy perfect-reconstruction (PR) property, in transmultiplexing applications, the presence of channel destroys the PR property of the filter bank, and thus other criteria of filter design should be adopted. We propose one such method. (iii) Through extensive computer simulations, we compare CMT with zipper discrete multitone (z-DMT) and filtered multitone (FMT), the two modulation techniques that have been included in the VDSL draft standard. Comparisons are made in terms of computational complexity, transmission latency, achievable bit rate, and resistance to radio ingress noise.
Local distance preservation in the GP-LVM through back constraints

The Gaussian process latent variable model (GP-LVM) is a generative approach to nonlinear low dimensional embedding, that provides a smooth probabilistic mapping from latent to data space. It is also a non-linear generalization of probabilistic PCA (PPCA) (Tipping & Bishop, 1999). While most approaches to non-linear dimensionality methods focus on preserving local distances in data space, the GP-LVM focusses on exactly the opposite. Being a smooth mapping from latent to data space, it focusses on keeping things apart in latent space that are far apart in data space. In this paper we first provide an overview of dimensionality reduction techniques, placing the emphasis on the kind of distance relation preserved. We then show how the GP-LVM can be generalized, through back constraints, to additionally preserve local distances. We give illustrative experiments on common data sets.
Video repairing: inference of foreground and background under severe occlusion

We propose a new method, video repairing, to robustly infer missing static background and moving foreground due to severe damage or occlusion from a video. To recover background pixels, we extend the image repairing method, where layer segmentation and homography blending are used to preserve temporal coherence and avoid flickering. By exploiting the constraint imposed by periodic motion and a subclass of camera and object motions, we adopt a two-phase approach to repair moving foreground pixels: In the sampling phase, motion data are sampled and regularized by 3D tensor voting to maintain temporal coherence and motion periodicity. In the alignment phase, missing moving foreground pixels are inferred by spatial and temporal alignment of the sampled motion data at multiple scales. We experimented our system with some difficult examples, where the camera can be stationary or in motion.
A method of conducting a biological assay on a preparation giving repeated graded responses illustrated by the estimation of histamine

BIOLOGICAL assays on isolated preparations are generally based on the principle of 'bracketing' doses of the unknown with doses of the standard until their effects are matched. This method does not lend itself readily to statistical analysis. Many workers do indeed attempt to estimate the accuracy of their assays by performing preliminary experiments with solutions of known composition. Such preliminary experiments aye, however, inefficient and also apt to be misleading, as conditions often do not approximate to those of a real assay. It is thus preferable to deduct the error of an assay from the data of the experiment itself. Special difficulties arise if the object of the experiment is to test whether two solutions have the same activity. As the two solutions are tested repeatedly chance variations occur, and owing to the lack of criteria for dealing with these the result frequently becomes more dubious the more the experiment is prolonged. It is in this type of experiment involving the setting up and testing of a 'null hypothesis' [Fisher, 1937], that statistical methods are most useful, since they provide a definite answer, provided that the question is put in the right terms and the experiment designed on sound lines. The object of this paper is to describe a method of conducting a biological assay on a single preparation in such a way that a valid null hypothesis may be set up and the accuracy of the result may be estimated from the data of the experiment itself. The method has been applied to the assay of histamine on the guinea-pig's gut. The design is based on a simple plan used in field experiments on adjacent plots [Fisher, 1938]. The statistical argument has been largely adapted from the work of 8-2
Positive Reinforcement Mediated by Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Requires D1 and D2 Receptor Activation in the Nucleus Accumbens

The neural basis of positive reinforcement is often studied in the laboratory using intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), a simple behavioral model in which subjects perform an action in order to obtain exogenous stimulation of a specific brain area. Recently we showed that activation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons supports ICSS behavior, consistent with proposed roles of this neural population in reinforcement learning. However, VTA dopamine neurons make connections with diverse brain regions, and the specific efferent target(s) that mediate the ability of dopamine neuron activation to support ICSS have not been definitively demonstrated. Here, we examine in transgenic rats whether dopamine neuron-specific ICSS relies on the connection between the VTA and the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain region also implicated in positive reinforcement. We find that optogenetic activation of dopaminergic terminals innervating the NAc is sufficient to drive ICSS, and that ICSS driven by optical activation of dopamine neuron somata in the VTA is significantly attenuated by intra-NAc injections of D1 or D2 receptor antagonists. These data demonstrate that the NAc is a critical efferent target sustaining dopamine neuron-specific ICSS, identify receptor subtypes through which dopamine acts to promote this behavior, and ultimately help to refine our understanding of the neural circuitry mediating positive reinforcement.
Dynamic service adaptation for plug and play device interoperability

Advances in embedded systems, plug-n-play protocols and software architectures bring the ubiquitous system vision to the near future. Home devices supporting such protocols can be automatically discovered, configured and invoked for a given task. Smart applications are shaping the home into a smart one by orchestrating devices in an elegant manner. Several protocols coexist in smart homes but interactions between devices cannot be put into action unless devices are supporting the same protocol. Furthermore, smart applications must know in advance services names hosted by devices to interact with. However, such names are often semantically equivalent but syntactically different among devices, needing translation mechanisms. In this work we present how ontology alignment techniques assisted with pattern detection rules are used to find such correspondences between equivalent devices. Once the mapping is validated we apply a code generation technique to reach a dynamic service adaptation. We validated the approach on an HP Printer.
Dynamic Capital Mobility in Pacific Basin Developing Countries: Estimation and Policy Implications

The changing degree of capital mobility in several Pacific Basin countries that have pursued financial liberalization is estimated empirically. Tracing the impact of the liberalization process on the capital account, the paper also examines the implications for monetary policy operating in this changing economic environment. Empirical estimates support an overall finding of increased capital mobility in the region over the past decade. However, country experiences, with the exception of Singapore, have been more episodic than uniform, oscillating between periods of high and low financial openness.
Decision tree method to extract syndrome differentiation rules of posthepatitic cirrhosis in traditional Chinese medicine

Syndrome differentiation is an important topic in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Decision tree, one of the data mining algorithms developed, is a method to induce rules from data. In this paper, decision tree is applied to extract syndrome differentiation rules from 293 cases related to liver and kidney yin deficiency, damp-heat smoldering and Stasis and heat smoldering syndrome. Thus the decision tree classification model is obtained and some important factors are selected to three mainly syndromes of posthepatitic cirrhosis; corresponding syndrome differentiation rules are induced from the model. The classification accuracies are 79.86%, 80.5% and 82% respectively. The experiment results show that the decision method is likely a promising method to extract diagnostic rules from patient records of Chinese medicine and could be expected to be useful in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine.
From Planning to Mature: On the Determinants of Open Source Take-Off

users to satisfy their specific needs; the more a software evolves towards a stable release able to address the requirements of its developers, the more successful the project. In this paper we use a large data-set obtained from SourceForge.net to estimate the impact of observed project characteristics on the evolution of the source code from a preliminary release to its mature version. We show that while projects distributed under highly restrictive licensing terms (GPL) have a significantly smaller probability of reaching a stable release, applications towards sophisticated users have a larger probability of evolving in the development status. Interestingly, we find that the size of the "community of developers" increases the chances of progress but this effect decreases as the community gets larger, a signal of possible coordination problems. Finally, we show that the determinants of the development stage of older projects differ significantly from those of newer projects, thus supporting the common perception of open source as an extremely dynamic phenomenon.
The personality ' s role on the interaction between a consultant and a client by

Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration.
User Specific Word Based Image Search from Photo Sharing Websites

Increasingly developed social sharing websites, like Flickr and Youtube, allow users to create, share, annotate and comment medias. The large-scale user-generated meta-data not only facilitate users in sharing and organizing multimedia content, but provide useful information to improve media retrieval and management. Personalized search serves as one of such examples where the web search experience is improved by generating the returned list according to the modified user search intents. In this paper, we exploit the social annotations and propose a novel framework simultaneously considering the user and query relevance to learn to personalized image search. The basic premise is to embed the user preference and query-related search intent into user-specific topic spaces. Since the users’ original annotation is too sparse for topic modeling, we need to enrich users’ annotation pool before user-specific topic spaces construction. The proposed framework contains two components: 1) A Ranking based Multi-correlation Tensor Factorization model is proposed to perform annotation prediction, which is considered as users’ potential annotations for the images; 2) We introduce Userspecific Topic Modeling to map the query relevance and user preference into the same user-specific topic space. For performance evaluation, two resources involved with users’ social activities are employed. Experiments on a large-scale Flickr dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Index Terms—personalized image search, tensor factorization, topic model, social annotation.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ANTITOXIN PRODUCED IN NORMAL AND ALLERGIC INDIVIDUALS HYPERIMMUNIZED WITH DIPHTHERIA TOXOID

Among a group of 131 young adults tested, there was a high degree of correlation between the occurrence of immediate skin reactions of the wheal and erythema type produced by purified diphtheria toxoid and personal or familial history of allergy of the hay-fever type. Of 39 Schick-negative subjects who received a "booster" dose of purified diphtheria toxoid, 19 showed no immediate skin reactions before immunization. The development of skin sensitivity in these subjects was associated with the production of non-precipitating circulating antitoxin. Three subjects produced 20 units or more antitoxin per cc. serum following immunization, without demonstrable precipitins. Despite the fact that none showed immediate skin reactions to Schick toxoid prior to immunization, all 3 possessed a high degree of skin sensitivity to toxoid following immunization.
A Chronic Illness Characterized by Fatigue, Neurologic and Immunologic Disorders, and Active Human Herpesvirus Type 6 Infection

OBJECTIVE To conduct neurologic, immunologic, and virologic studies in patients with a chronic debilitating illness of acute onset. DESIGN Cohort study with comparison to matched, healthy control subjects. PATIENTS We studied 259 patients who sought care in one medical practice; 29% of the patients were regularly bedridden or shut-in. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Detailed medical history, physical examination, conventional hematologic and chemistry testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, lymphocyte phenotyping studies, and assays for active infection of patients' lymphocytes with human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6). MAIN RESULTS Patients had a higher mean (+/- SD) CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio than matched healthy controls (3.16 +/- 1.5 compared with 2.3 +/- 1.0, respectively; P less than 0.003). Magnetic resonance scans of the brain showed punctate, subcortical areas of high signal intensity consistent with edema or demyelination in 78% of patients (95% CI, 72% to 86%) and in 21% of controls (CI, 11% to 36%) (P less than 10(-9)). Primary cell culture of lymphocytes showed active replication of HHV-6 in 79 of 113 patients (70%; CI, 61% to 78%) and in 8 of 40 controls (20%; CI, 9% to 36%) (P less than 10(-8], a finding confirmed by assays using monoclonal antibodies specific for HHV-6 proteins and by polymerase chain reaction assays specific for HHV-6 DNA. CONCLUSIONS Neurologic symptoms, MRI findings, and lymphocyte phenotyping studies suggest that the patients may have been experiencing a chronic, immunologically mediated inflammatory process of the central nervous system. The active replication of HHV-6 most likely represents reactivation of latent infection, perhaps due to immunologic dysfunction. Our study did not directly address whether HHV-6, a lymphotropic and gliotropic virus, plays a role in producing the symptoms or the immunologic and neurologic dysfunction seen in this illness. Whether the findings in our patients, who came from a relatively small geographic area, will be generalizable to other patients with a similar syndrome remains to be seen.
How Accurate are Recall Data? Evidence from Coastal India

This paper investigates the accuracy of recall data by comparing administrative records with retrospective, self-reported survey responses to income and asset questions for a sample of self-employed households from coastal India. It finds that the magnitude of the recall error increases over time, in part because respondents rely less on memory and instead infer earnings based on past earnings. Individuals tend to recall monthly earnings more accurately when they are higher than the median. These results imply that the variance estimated from the self-reported earnings distribution will be lower than the real one. The paper also finds that data reported by income earners are more accurate than those by their wives. In addition, the use of time cues can worsen accuracy if they are not relevant to the respondent. Where the recall questions are placed in the two-hour long survey, however, does not affect accuracy.
Shock fabrics in fine‐grained micrometeorites

The orientations of dehydration cracks and fracture networks in fine‐grained, unmelted micrometeorites were analyzed using rose diagrams and entropy calculations. As cracks exploit pre‐existing anisotropies, analysis of their orientation provides a mechanism with which to study the subtle petrofabrics preserved within fine‐grained and amorphous materials. Both uniaxial and biaxial fabrics are discovered, often with a relatively wide spread in orientations (40°–60°). Brittle deformation cataclasis and rotated olivine grains are reported from a single micrometeorite. This paper provides the first evidence for impact‐induced shock deformation in fine‐grained micrometeorites. The presence of pervasive, low‐grade shock features in CM chondrites and CM‐like dust, anomalously low‐density measurements for C‐type asteroids, and impact experiments which suggest CM chondrites are highly prone to disruption all imply that CM parent bodies are unlikely to have remained intact and instead exist as a collection of loosely aggregated rubble‐pile asteroids, composed of primitive shocked clasts.
Comparing apples and oranges through partial orders: An empirical approach

In this paper, we try to understand what people mean when they say that two objects are “similar. ” This is an important question in the area of human-robot interactions, where robots must interpret human movements in order to act in a “similar” manner. Specifically, we assume that we are given a collection of empirically generated pairwise comparisons between a subset of so-called alternatives (members of a given set), which produces a partial order over the set of alternatives. Based on this partial order, an inverse optimization problem is solved, producing a cost associated with each alternative that is consistent with the partial order. This cost is, moreover, assumed to be generative in that it can be used to select the globally best alternative. An experimental study involving the comparison of apples and oranges is presented to highlight the operation of the proposed approach.
Regional Accumulations of T Cells, Macrophages, and Smooth Muscle Cells in the Human Atherosclerotic Plaque

The cellular composition of human atherosclerotic plaques was analyzed by immunologic techniques. Plaques were removed from the internal carotid artery during surgery, and a panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to identify cell types. Macrophages stained by Anti-Leu-M3 were found throughout the plaque, particularly in the lipid core region, where 60% of the cells reacted with this antibody. T cells expressing the T3 antigen were most abundant in the fibrous cap, where they constituted 20% of the cell population. T cells were also isolated from the plaque and detected by a rosetting test; many of these T cells were activated, as indicated by the expression of HLA-DR. Other types of leukocytes were uncommon in the plaque. An antibody to the intermediate filament protein, desmin, was used as a marker for smooth muscle cells since some, but not all, vascular smooth muscle cells contain this protein. The desmin-positive cells were uncommon in the nonatherosclerotic intima but were more numerous in the plaque. In conclusion, atherosclerotic plaques are heterogeneous with respect to cellular composition. The smooth muscle cell dominates in the fibrous cap, which also contains many T cells; the lipid core is dominated by macrophages. We suggest that interactions between smooth muscle cells and blood-borne cells are important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.