Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tract injection of autologous blood (intraparenchymal blood patching) in percutaneous transthoracic CT-guided lung biopsy and the incidence of pneumothorax: a retrospective analysis

Background: Pneumothorax is a common complication following percutaneous transthoracic computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsy. The purpose of this study is to determine if intraparenchymal blood (IPB) patching following the lung biopsy procedure causes a significant decrease in the incidence of post-biopsy pneumothorax, chest tube placement, and hospitalization. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on all percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsies completed between January 2013 and January 2020 at two hospitals. 309 patients received IPB and 227 did not. Cases were excluded if patients were younger than eighteen years-of-age, if an alternative method to seal the tract was utilized, an indwelling chest tube was already in place, or aerated lung parenchyma was not traversed by the needle. Retrospective review of records was performed to determine the overall incidence of post-biopsy pneumothorax, chest tube placement, and hospitalization when IPB was and was not administered. Results: Patients who received post-biopsy IPB had a statistically significant lower incidence of pneumothorax [45 of 309 (14.6%) vs. 84 of 227 (37.0%); P<0.0001], chest tube placement [12 of 309 (3.9%) vs. 39 of 227 (17.2%); P<0.0001], and hospital admissions [9 of 309 (2.9%) vs. 37 of 227 (16.4%); P<0.0001] than those who did not. Conclusions: Autologous IPB following percutaneous transthoracic CT-guided lung biopsy significantly decreases the incidence of pneumothorax, chest tube placement, and hospital admission.
Solution to the Volterra integral equations of the first kind with piecewise continuous kernels in class of Sobolev-Schwartz distributions

Sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of the solution of the Volterra integral equations of the first kind with piecewise continuous kernels are derived in framework of Sobolev-Schwartz distribution theory. The asymptotic approximation of the parametric family of generalized solutions is constructed. The method for the solution's regular part refinement is proposed using the successive approximations method.
Time-of-arrival probabilities for general particle detectors

We develop a general framework for the construction of probabilities for the time of arrival in quantum systems. The time of arrival is identified with the time instant when a transition in the detector's degrees of freedom takes place. Thus, its definition is embedded within the larger issue of defining probabilities with respect to time for general quantum transitions. The key point in our analysis is that we manage to reduce the problem of defining a quantum time observable to a mathematical model where time is associated to a transition from a subspace of the Hilbert space of the total system to its complementary subspace. This property makes it possible to derive a general expression for the probability for the time of transition, valid for any quantum system, with the only requirement that the time of transition is correlated with a definite macroscopic record. The framework developed here allows for the consideration of any experimental configuration for the measurement of the time of arrival and it also applies to relativistic systems with interactions described by quantum field theory. We use the method in order to describe time-of-arrival measurements in high-energy particle reactions and for a rigorous derivation of the time-integrated probabilities in particle oscillations.
Brain Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer’s Disease Display Altered Key Protein Levels Including Cell Type-Specific Markers

Background: Brain tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (bdEVs) play neurodegenerative and protective roles, including in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may also leave the brain to betray the state of the CNS in the periphery. Only a few studies have profiled the proteome of bdEVs and source brain tissue. Additionally, studies focusing on bdEV cell type-specific surface markers are rare. Objective: We aimed to reveal the pathological mechanisms inside the brain by profiling the tissue and bdEV proteomes in AD patients. In addition, to indicate targets for capturing and molecular profiling of bdEVs in the periphery, CNS cell-specific markers were profiled on the intact bdEV surface. Methods: bdEVs were separated and followed by EV counting and sizing. Brain tissue and bdEVs from age-matched AD patients and controls were then proteomically profiled. Total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and antioxidant peroxiredoxins (PRDX) 1 and 6 were measured by immunoassay in an independent bdEV separation. Neuron, microglia, astrocyte, and endothelia markers were detected on intact EVs by multiplexed ELISA. Results: Overall, concentration of recovered bdEVs was not affected by AD. Proteome differences between AD and control were more pronounced for bdEVs than for brain tissue. Levels of t-tau, p-tau, PRDX1, and PRDX6 were significantly elevated in AD bdEVs compared with controls. Release of certain cell-specific bdEV markers was increased in AD. Conclusion: Several bdEV proteins are involved in AD mechanisms and may be used for disease monitoring. The identified CNS cell markers may be useful tools for peripheral bdEV capture.
Major results from the stellarator Wendelstein 7-AS

Wendelstein 7-AS was the first modular stellarator device to test some basic elements of stellarator optimization: a reduced Shafranov shift and improved stability properties resulted in β-values up to 3.4% (at 0.9 T). This operational limit was determined by power balance and impurity radiation without noticeable degradation of stability or a violent collapse. The partial reduction of neoclassical transport could be verified in agreement with calculations indicating the feasibility of the concept of drift optimization. A full neoclassical optimization, in particular a minimization of the bootstrap current was beyond the scope of this project. A variety of non-ohmic heating and current drive scenarios by ICRH, NBI and in particular, ECRH were tested and compared successfully with their theoretical predictions. Besides, new heating schemes of overdense plasmas were developed such as RF mode conversion heating—Ordinary mode, Extraordinary mode, Bernstein-wave (OXB) heating—or 2nd harmonic O-mode (O2) heating. The energy confinement was about a factor of 2 above ISS95 without degradation near operational boundaries. A number of improved confinement regimes such as core electron-root confinement with central Te ⩽ 7 keV and regimes with strongly sheared radial electric field at the plasma edge resulting in Ti ⩽ 1.7 keV were obtained. As the first non-tokamak device, W7-AS achieved the H-mode and moreover developed a high density H-mode regime (HDH) with strongly reduced impurity confinement that allowed quasi-steady-state operation (τ ≈ 65 · τE) at densities (at 2.5 T). The first island divertor was tested successfully and operated with stable partial detachment in agreement with numerical simulations. With these results W7-AS laid the physics background for operation of an optimized low-shear steady-state stellarator.
DBI inflation with a nonminimally coupled Gauss-Bonnet term

We study the inflation in a model with a Gauss-Bonnet term which is non-minimally coupled to a DBI field. We study the spectrum of the primordial perturbations in detail. The non-Gaussianity of this model is considered and the amplitude of the non-Gaussianity is studied in both the equilateral and orthogonal configurations. By taking various functions of the DBI field, inflaton potential and the Gauss-Bonnet coupling term, we test the model with observational data and find some constraints on the Gauss-Bonnet coupling parameter.
Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on regional organic substrates in Agave salmiana production in Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico

Mexico has 159 species of Agave spp. In the agri-food industry stand out are Agave tequilana, A. angustifolia, and A. salmiana. A limitation to producing maguey seedlings is the low availability of organic substrates that favor plant adaptation in the field. The objective was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) found in substrates in response to vegetative and root growth of A. salmiana in agricultural areas of Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico. The treatment consisted of earthworm humus (EH) and leaf compost (LC) substrates with materials from the region with different percentages of EH (100, 75, 50%), LC (5, 10%), and sand (20, 40%). The treatments were applied with 14 random replications in two phases in seeds and 40-day-seedlings. The variables evaluated were NPK amount and pH in substrates. The physiological variables measured were plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, root length, and volume. Significant differences (P? 0.05) were observed in seedling physiology due to the effect of the treatment. The best agronomic responses (plant growth and root length/weight) of Agave seedlings were T5 (75% earthworm humus + 20% sand + 5% leaf-soil) and T6 (50% earthworm humus + 40% sand + 10% leaf-soil); in both treatments, the NPK percentages were different from the control (Haplic Phaeozem soil) group. The final concentration of NPK in T6 was N = 0.04%, P = 398.13 mg Kg-1 and K = 11.88 meq 100g-1. The results infer that NPK availability in soil and progressive acidification (initial pH = 8.6, final pH = 7.4) of the substrate can favorably influence the plant response. The interactions between NPK availability in the substrate and their use for a better response in maguey seedling adaptability open up new lines of research on the productive systems in the region of Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico.
User Acceptance of a Novelty Idea Bank System to Reinforce ICT Innovations: Sri Lankan University-Industry Perspective

— Information and communications technology (ICT) represents an enormous opportunity to introduce significant and lasting positive changes across the developing world. Several attributes determine behavioural intention to adopt the technology. Some elements will stimulate end users' intention to use the technology, while others are detrimental. This study is designed to measure the relationship between various factors on individuals' perceptions of adopting an ICT-based instrument to stimulate ICT innovations. A model was developed by combining the technology acceptance model and the diffusion of innovation theory. A survey questionnaire was distributed among students and teachers in higher education and industry professionals working with university collaborations. A sample of 202 responses was analysed using structural equation modelling. A good insight into user acceptance and the adoption of a systematic model to reinforce ICT innovations are provided in this study with the derived results. Theoretical and practical implications for the factors influencing the acceptance of the system are discussed.
Hyperbolic triangles without embedded eigenvalues

We consider the Neumann Laplacian acting on square-integrable functions on a triangle in the hyperbolic plane that has one cusp. We show that the generic such triangle has no eigenvalues embedded in its continuous spectrum. To prove this result we study the behavior of the real-analytic eigenvalue branches of a degenerating family of triangles. In particular, we use a careful analysis of spectral projections near the crossings of these eigenvalue branches with the eigenvalue branches of a model operator.
Characteristics, Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Inpatients - A Comparison with Outpatients

Objective The study objectives were to clarify the clinical findings and the causes of intractability and mortality of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding in inpatients. Methods The patients were divided into Inpatient (Ip) and Outpatient (Op) onset groups, and their characteristics, clinical and bleeding data, and outcomes were compared. Patients Our study included 375 patients who developed UGI bleeding during hospitalization or were admitted after being diagnosed with UGI bleeding in an outpatient setting from January 1, 2015, to June 30, 2020. Results The Ip group had worse general condition; increased percentages of comorbidities; and more common use of proton pump inhibitor, anti-coagulant, and steroid than the Op group. Compared with the Op group, the Ip group had lower serum albumin levels and platelet counts at the onset of bleeding, whereas rebleeding, mortality, and bleeding-related death rates were higher. Multivariate analysis of the Ip group revealed that the risks of rebleeding included endoscopic high-risk stigmata, maintenance dialysis, and duodenal bleeding, whereas the risks of mortality were gastric ulcer and a Charlson Comorbidity Index update score of ≥3. Conclusion UGI bleeding in the Ip group was associated with higher rebleeding and mortality rates. Because of their poor general health condition, the pathology of UGI bleeding in these patients may differ from that of patients with common UGI bleeding. A different approach for the care and prevention of UGI bleeding in inpatients is required.
Phases of a two-dimensional large-N gauge theory on a torus

We consider two-dimensional large N gauge theory with D adjoint scalars on a torus, which is obtained from a D+2-dimensional pure Yang-Mills theory on T{sup D+2} with D small radii. The two-dimensional model has various phases characterized by the holonomy of the gauge field around noncontractible cycles of the 2-torus. We determine the phase boundaries and derive the order of the phase transitions using a method developed in an earlier work (hep-th/0910.4526), which is nonperturbative in the 't Hooft coupling and uses a 1/D expansion. We embed our phase diagram in the more extensive phase structure of the D+2-dimensional Yang-Mills theory and match with the picture of a cascade of phase transitions found earlier in lattice calculations. We also propose a dual gravity system based on a Scherk-Schwarz compactification of a D2 brane wrapped on a 3-torus and find a phase structure which is similar to the phase diagram found in the gauge theory calculation.
MODELING THE ATOMIC-TO-MOLECULAR TRANSITION AND CHEMICAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF TURBULENT STAR-FORMING CLOUDS

We use 3d-pdr, a three-dimensional astrochemistry code for modeling photodissociation regions (PDRs), to post-process hydrodynamic simulations of turbulent, star-forming clouds. We focus on the transition from atomic to molecular gas, with specific attention to the formation and distribution of H, C+, C, H2, and CO. First, we demonstrate that the details of the cloud chemistry and our conclusions are insensitive to the simulation spatial resolution, to the resolution at the cloud edge, and to the ray angular resolution. We then investigate the effect of geometry and simulation parameters on chemical abundances and find weak dependence on cloud morphology as dictated by gravity and turbulent Mach number. For a uniform external radiation field, we find similar distributions to those derived using a one-dimensional PDR code. However, we demonstrate that a three-dimensional treatment is necessary for a spatially varying external field, and we caution against using one-dimensional treatments for non-symmetric problems. We compare our results with the work of Glover et al., who self-consistently followed the time evolution of molecule formation in hydrodynamic simulations using a reduced chemical network. In general, we find good agreement with this in situ approach for C and CO abundances. However, the temperature and H2 abundances are discrepant in the boundary regions (Av ⩽ 5), which is due to the different number of rays used by the two approaches.
From self- to other- surveillance: a critical commentary on the English policy framework for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

ABSTRACT England now has a policy framework for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). This proposes a suite of healthcare interventions, some of which attend to assessment and support for those who may be diagnosed with the disorder. Others, which are the focus of this commentary, have a stated goal of FASD prevention, to be achieved through embedding activities around alcohol abstention within maternity services and reproductive healthcare. Critical engagement with alcohol abstinence advocacy to pregnant women in this journal has linked this aspect of health promotion to larger debates about risk, moral panic, neoliberalism, self-surveillance, and forms of citizenship. The new English policies on FASD have, however, been the subject of relatively little academic engagement so far. In this commentary, after an initial summary of points from the relevant literature in Critical Public Health, we take public debate about the new English policy as our point of departure, highlighting the precautionary approach, the emphasis on monitoring, and contraceptive advocacy for at-risk women. We suggest an important shift in English policy, from presenting women as managers of risk via self-surveillance, to positioning them as in need of routine management and ‘other-surveillance’ within healthcare systems. This raises more general questions about the meaning of ‘autonomy’ and ‘support’ in healthcare.
Dust origin in late-type dwarf galaxies: ISM growth vs. type II supernovae

Aims. We re-evaluate the roles of di erent dust sources in dust production as a function of metallicity in late-type dwarf galaxies, with the goal of understanding the relation between dust content and metallicity. Methods. The dust content of late-type dwarf galaxies with episodic star formation is studied with a multicomponent model of dust evolution, which includes dust input from AGB stars, type II SNe, and dust growth by accretion of atoms in the ISM. Results. Dust growth in the ISM becomes an important dust source in dwarf galaxies on the timescale of 10 8 to a few 10 9 yr. It increases the dust-to-gas mass ratio (DGR) during post-burst evolution, unlike type II SNe, which eject grains into the ISM only during starbursts. Before the dust growth in the ISM overtakes the dust production, AGB stars can be major sources of dust in metal-poor dwarf galaxies. Our models reproduce the relation between the DGR and oxygen abundance, derived from observations of a large sample of dwarf galaxies. The steep decrease in the DGR at low metallicities is explained by the relatively low e ciency of dust condensation in stars. The scatter observed at higher metallicities is determined mainly by di erent metallicities for the transition from stardust- to ISM-growth-dominated dust production, depending on the star formation history. In galaxies with episodic star formation, additional dispersion in the DGR is introduced by grain destruction during starbursts, followed by an increase in the dust mass owing to dust growth in the ISM during post-burst evolution. We find that the carbon-to-silicate ratio changes dramatically when the ISM growth becomes the dominant dust source, therefore this ratio can be used as an indicator of the transition. Conclusions. The observed relation of the DGR versus metallicity in dwarf galaxies favours low-condensation e ciencies in type II SNe, together with an increase in the total dust mass by means of dust growth in the ISM.
Disentangling star formation and merger growth in the evolution of luminous red galaxies

We introduce a novel technique for empirically understanding galaxy evolution. We use empirically determined stellar evolution models to predict the past evolution of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey’s (SDSS-II) luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample without any a priori assumption about galaxy evolution. By carefully contrasting the evolution of the predicted and observed number and luminosity densities we test the passive evolution scenario for galaxies of different luminosity and determine minimum merger rates. We find that the LRG population is not purely coeval, with some of the galaxies targeted at z 0.34 showing different dynamical growth than galaxies targeted throughout the sample. Our results show that the LRG population is dynamically growing, and that this growth must be dominated by the faint end. For the most luminous galaxies, we find lower minimum merger rates than required by previous studies that assume passive stellar evolution, suggesting that some of the dynamical evolution measured previously was actually due to galaxies with non-passive stellar evolution being incorrectly modelled. Our methodology can be used to identify and match coeval populations of galaxies across cosmic times, over one or more surveys.
A relativistic iron emission line from the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary GX 3+1

We present the results of a spectroscopic study of the Fe Kα emission of the persistent neutron-star atoll low-mass X-ray binary and type I X-ray burster GX 3+1 with the EPIC-PN on board XMM-Newton. The source shows a flux modulation over several years and we observed it during its fainter phase, which corresponds to an X-ray luminosity of LX ∼ 10 37 erg s −1 . When fitted with a two-component model, the X-ray spectrum shows broad residuals at ∼6−7 keV that can be ascribed to an iron Kα fluorescence line. In addition, lower energy features are observed at ∼3. 3k eV,∼3.9 keV and might originate from Ar XVIII and Ca XIX. The broad iron line feature is well fitted with a relativistically smeared profile. This result is robust against possible systematics caused by instrumental pile-up effects. Assuming that the line is produced by reflection from the inner accretion disk, we infer an inner disk radius of ∼25Rg and a disk inclination of 35 ◦ < i < 44 ◦ .
Scalings of the synchrotron cut-off and turbulent correlation of active galactic nucleus jets

We propose a new analytic scaling of the cut-off frequency of synchrotron radiation from active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets that are non-uniformly filled with many filaments. The theoretical upper limit is provided independent of magnetic intensity, spectral index, coherence, correlation length of filamentary turbulence, etc., such that ν c ≃ 6 x 10 20 δ[(r - 1)/r] 4/3 (b/ 10- 4 ) Hz, where δ, r and b are the Doppler beaming factor, shock-compression ratio and energy-density ratio of the perturbed/local mean magnetic field of the filaments, respectively. Combining our results with observational data for 18 extragalactic sources, a constraint on the filament correlation length is found, in order to give the number scaling of filaments. The results suggest that, in particular, the jets of compact BL Lacs possess a large number of filaments with transverse size scale smaller than the emission-region size. The novel concept of the quantization of flowing plasma is suggested.
UBVRI Photometric Standard Stars in the Magnitude Range 11

An apparatus for preventing or damping vibrations and noise in a vehicle, in which the vibration-transmitting characteristics of two or more mount units in an engine mounting member and/or a body mounting member of a vehicle are changed relatively, so that the vibrations or sounds produced due to vibrations which have been transmitted from an engine via mount units to a vehicle body may be off-set or mutually counteracted, thereby damping or preventing vibrations and noise in a vehicle body.