Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF THE IMPURITY DIFFUSION AND RELATED PHENOMENA IN SILICON AND POLYSILICON SYSTEMS IN MICROFABRICATION AND MICROMACHINING TECHNOLOGIES

In this paper there are presented our results concerning the modelling and simulation diffusion of the boron, phosphorus, antimony, arsenic as doping impurities in silicon and polysilicon layers and gold diffusion as a recombination centre in silicon and its influence on the forward characteristic of the p-n junction, as well as some related phenomena like the generation of the misfit dislocations induced by the doping impurities and the gettering process of metallic impurities, with application in the microfabrication technologies. The results on the boron diffusion were used in the simulation of the selflimited etching process of silicon boron doped layers for the bulk micromachining fabrication and the powerful methods as XTEM and SIMS were used for the characterizations of the polysilicon layers, allowing to propose a doping – restructuring mechanism of polysilicon during the phosphorus diffusion in the surface micromachining technology for the thin membrane achievement.
Elemental Analysis of Rice Husk Using Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission ( Pixe ) Spectrometry

Rice husks, an agro-waste is of increasing interest to researchers as bioresource for domestic and industrial applications due to its abundance, cheapness and ‘renewability’. In this study, the elemental composition of rice husk was determined using the high-tech, highly sensitive and uncommon Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectrometry. Milled rice husks, obtained from a rice mill in Abakaliki, Nigeria were first washed to remove sand and stone contaminants and then dried in an oven. The clean husks were ground to a fine powder, pressed into pellets and subjected to analysis using the PIXE technique. The results of the analysis revealed the presence of a total of thirteen elements. The elements detected and their concentrations (in %) are : Si as SiO2 (25.82±0.024), Al (0.017±0.001), Fe ( 0.039± 0.001), Ca (0.088±0.002), Mg (0.135± 0.02 ), Na (0.03±0.01), K (0.099±0.003), P (0.666±0.023), S (0.217±0.009,), Cl (0.026±0.005), Ti (0.006±0.001), Mn (0.012±0.001) and Zn (0.001±0.000). The results showed that the predominant element in rice husks is silicon which occurs in the form of silica (SiO2) as it was found to constitute 95% of the total elements present while the other twelve elements made up only 5%. P was present in a small quantity; Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, S, K, Cl and Mn were in minute quantities while Ti and Zn were in trace quantities.
Gender Differences in Incidence, Pathophysiology, and Outcome of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage

While ongoing clinical trials are directly assessing ethnic/racial differences in incidence and outcome of ICH, it is clear that individuals of certain ethnic groups (Asian, African American, etc.) more commonly experience ICH [1,2]. However, few published studies comprehensively assess the role of gender differences in incidence, clinical presentation, etiology, or outcome after ICH. This knowledge is important for understanding putative pathophysiological mechanisms, improving research models, and developing effective treatment options for patients with ICH.
Raw corpus : T Baseline segmenter Segmented corpus : T ’ Embedding model Word embeddings : E WEB-segmenter Re-segmented corpus

Cross-domain Chinese Word Segmentation (CWS) remains a challenge despite recent progress in neural-based CWS. The limited amount of annotated data in the target domain has been the key obstacle to a satisfactory performance. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised word-based approach to improving cross-domain CWS given a baseline segmenter. Particularly, our model only deploys word embeddings trained on raw text in the target domain, discarding complex handcrafted features and domain-specific dictionaries. Innovative subsampling and negative sampling methods are proposed to derive word embeddings optimized for CWS. We conduct experiments on five datasets in special domains, covering domains in novels, medicine, and patent. Results show that our model can obviously improve cross-domain CWS, especially in the segmentation of domain-specific noun entities. The word F-measure increases by over 3.0% on four datasets, outperforming state-of-the-art semi-supervised and unsupervised cross-domain CWS approaches with a large margin. We make our code and data available on Github.
Compatibility, Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Epoxy Resin Modified with Carbonyl-Terminated Butadiene Acrylonitrile Copolymer Liquid Rubber

Epoxy resin (EP) was premixed with (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 phr) carbonylterminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN) liquid rubber and cured with a diamine curing agent (IPD) for one hour at 100°C and post cured at 110°C for two hours in an air oven. The compatibility, reactivity, thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties were determined. The gel time and cure time were increased with an increase of the CTBN content. The gel and cure temperature values for all of the CTBN modified epoxy samples are higher than those of the unmodified EP. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the modified EP decreased with increasing CTBN content. The tensile and flexural properties (strength and modulus) of modified EPs were observed to be lower than those of the unmodified EP and decrease with an increase in the CTBN content. Conversely, an increase in the tensile strain with the incorporation of CTBN was observed. The results showed an improvement of the fracture toughness of the EP with the presence of CTBN. The toughening effect became more apparent as the testing speed was increased from 1 to 500 mm min. The fracture surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) discovered the presence of a two-phase morphology.
THE CHALLENGE TO MEASURE n Ω SURFACE RESISTANCE ON SRF SAMPLES

Systematic research on fundamental limits of superconducting materials for SRF applications and their intrinsic material properties relevant for use in an accelerator requires studies in a wide parameter space of temperature, RF field and frequency. The Quadrupole Resonator at HZB enables precision measurements on planar samples at temperatures of 1.8 K to >20 K, RF fields of up to 120 mT and frequencies of 420 MHz, 850 MHz and 1285 MHz. In the past years, the capabilities of the setup were studied intensively and developed further. Sources of systematic errors, such as microphonics or misalignment have been identified and eliminated. In this contribution the current status of the QPR and its systematic limitations are discussed.
Hematological parameters in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) with formalin-preservation: comparison between wild tournament-caught and captive-raised fish

Background Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are an economically important freshwater fish species that have been investigated for both the short and long-term effects of stress, secondary to angling. Limited data has been published on the hematological parameters of this species and blood sample stability is a notable limitation of hematologic field studies. A relatively novel technique using 10% neutral buffered formalin preserves heparinized whole blood and maintains blood cell stability beyond one month in striped bass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in hematological parameters between tournament-caught and captive-raised largemouth bass using whole blood preservation with neutral buffered formalin. Methods Two populations of largemouth bass (n = 26 wild; n = 29 captive) underwent coccygeal venipuncture to collect heparinized whole blood for packed cell volume, total solids, and manual differential. Formalin preservation of heparinized whole blood facilitated manual hemocytometer analysis. Results were compared between the populations (tournament-caught, and captive-raised) with Wilcoxon rank sum test, a Hotelling’s T2 test, and Bonferroni simultaneous 95% confidence intervals to determine significance. Results The mean packed cell volume (44.9 ± 5.4%) and total solids (7.2 ± 1.1 g/dL) were significantly higher, while the total leukocyte count (7.08 ± 1.86 × 103/µL) was significantly lower in the wild tournament-caught population of largemouth bass, as compared to the captive-raised counterparts (PCV 34.4 ± 7.2%; TS 5.2 ± 1.0 g/dL; WBC 16.43 ± 8.37 × 103/µL). The wild population demonstrated a significantly distinct leukogram characterized by a neutropenia (24.1 ± 12.7%), lymphocytosis (67.7 ± 13.0%), and monocytopenia (8.3 ± 2.9%), while the erythrocyte and thrombocyte counts were not significantly different between populations. Discussion Numerous factors have been demonstrated to influence hematologic parameters in fish including age, size, sex, temperature, environmental oxygen level, population density, and infection. The wild population endured stress during angling capture, live-well hypoxia, transport, and extended air exposures at weigh in, which may have caused a stress leukopenia as well as osmoregulatory dysfunction and subsequent hemoconcentration. Further evaluation of seasonal impact as well as increased sample size is warranted to enhance our understanding of largemouth bass hematology. Conclusion This study concluded that wild largemouth bass captured via tournament angling have higher packed cell volume and total solids, and lower total leukocyte counts, compared to captive-reared individuals. Through the completion of this study, we demonstrated the successful use of 10% neutral buffered formalin to preserve heparinized whole blood for precise hemocytometer cell counts in a new teleost species, the largemouth bass.
Anomaly detection in video

Anomaly detection is an area of video analysis that has great importance in automated surveillance. Although it has been extensively studied, there has been little work on using deep convolutional neural networks to learn spatio-temporal feature representations. In this thesis we present novel approaches for learning motion features and modelling normal spatio-temporal dynamics for anomaly detection. The contributions are divided into two main chapters. The ﬁrst introduces a method that uses a convolutional autoencoder to learn motion features from foreground optical ﬂow patches. The autoencoder is coupled with a spatial sparsity constraint, known as Winner-Take-All, to learn shift-invariant and generic ﬂow-features. This method solves the problem of using hand-crafted feature representations in state of the art methods. Moreover, to capture variations in scale of the patterns of motion as an object moves in depth through the scene,we also divide the image plane into regions and learn a separate normality model in each region. We compare the methods with state of the art approaches on two datasets and demonstrate improved performance. The second main chapter presents a end-to-end method that learns normal spatio-temporal dynamics from video volumes using a sequence-to-sequence encoder-decoder for prediction and reconstruction. This work is based on the intuition that the encoder-decoder learns to estimate normal sequences in a training set with low error, thus it estimates an abnormal sequence with high error. Error between the network's output and the target is used to classify a video volume as normal or abnormal. In addition to the use of reconstruction error, we also use prediction error for anomaly detection. We evaluate the second method on three datasets. The prediction models show comparable performance with state of the art methods. In comparison with the ﬁrst proposed method, performance is improved in one dataset. Moreover, running time is signiﬁcantly faster.
Human reasoning and description logics: applying psychological theory to understand and improve the usability of description logics

Description Logics (DLs) are now the most commonly used ontology languages, in part because of the development of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) standards. Yet it is accepted that DLs are difficult to comprehend and work with, particularly for ontology users who are not computer scientists. The Manchester OWL Syntax (MOS) was developed to make DLs more accessible, by using English keywords in place of logic symbols or formal language. Nevertheless, DLs continue to present difficulties, even when represented in MOS. There has been some investigation of what features cause difficulties, specifically in the context of understanding how an entailment (i.e. an inference) follows from a justification (i.e. a minimal subset of the ontology that is sufficient for the entailment to hold), as is required when debugging an ontology. However, there has been little attempt to relate these difficulties to how people naturally reason and use language. This dissertation draws on theories of reasoning from cognitive psychology, and also insights from the philosophy of language, to understand the difficulties experienced with DLs and to make suggestions to mitigate those difficulties. The language features investigated were those known to be commonly used, both on the basis of analyses reported in the literature and after a survey of ontology users. Two experimental studies investigated participants’ ability to reason with DL statements. These studies demonstrate that insights from psychology and the philosophy of language can be used both to understand the difficulties experienced and to make proposals to mitigate those difficulties. The studies suggest that people reason using both the manipulation of syntax and the representation of semantics with mental models; both approaches can lead to errors. Particular difficulties were associated with: functional object properties; negated conjunction; the interaction of negation and the existential or universal restrictions; and nested restrictions. Proposals to mitigate these difficulties include the adoption of new language keywords; tool enhancement, e.g. to provide syntactically alternative expressions; and the introduction during training both of De Morgan’s Laws for conjunction and disjunction, and their analogues for existential and universal restrictions. A third study then investigated the effectiveness of the proposed new keywords; finding that these keywords could mitigate some of the difficulties experienced. Apart from the immediate applicability of these results to DLs, the approach taken in this dissertation could be extended widely to computer languages, including languages for interacting with databases and with Linked Data. Additionally, based on the experience of the three studies, the dissertation makes some methodological recommendations which are relevant to a range of human-computer interaction studies.
3D Mesh Model Exterior Salient Part Segmentation Using Prominent Feature Points and Marching Plane

In computer graphics, 3D mesh segmentation is a challenging research field. This paper presents a 3D mesh model segmentation algorithm that focuses on removing exterior salient parts from the original 3D mesh model based on prominent feature points and marching plane. To begin with, the proposed approach uses multi-dimensional scaling to extract prominent feature points that reside on the tips of each exterior salient part of a given mesh. Subsequently, a set of planes intersect the 3D mesh; one is the marching plane, which start marching from prominent feature points. Through the marching process, local cross sections between marching plane and 3D mesh are extracted, subsequently, its corresponding area are calculated to represent local volumes of the 3D mesh model. As the boundary region of an exterior salient part generally lies on the location at which the local volume suddenly changes greatly, we can simply cut this location with the marching plane to separate this part from the mesh. We evaluated our algorithm on the Princeton Segmentation Benchmark, and the evaluation results show that our algorithm works well for some categories.
High and Dry: Billion‐Year Trends in the Aridity of River‐Forming Climates on Mars

Mars' wet‐to‐dry transition is a major environmental catastrophe, yet the spatial pattern, tempo, and cause of drying are poorly constrained. We built a globally distributed database of constraints on Mars late‐stage paleolake size relative to catchment area (aridity index (AI)), and found evidence for climate zonation as Mars was drying out. Aridity increased over time in southern midlatitude highlands, where lakes became proportionally as small as in modern Nevada. Meanwhile, intermittently wetter climates persisted in equatorial and northern‐midlatitude lowlands. This is consistent with a change in Mars' greenhouse effect that left highlands too cold for liquid water except during a brief melt season, or alternatively with a fall in Mars' groundwater table. The data are consistent with a switch of unknown cause in the dependence of AI on elevation, from high‐and‐wet early on, to high‐and‐dry later. These results sharpen our view of Mars' climate as surface conditions became increasingly stressing for life.
Evaluation of Knee Joint after Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Surgery of Posterior Cruciate Ligament in Patients with Avulsion Fracture

BACKGROUND: The posterior cruciate ligament is one of the important tissues and structures sustaining the knee joint, and its rupture or detachment may lead to joint instability or destruction. AIM: The present study aimed at investigating the Open Reduction and Internal Fixation surgery of posterior cruciate ligament and comparing it to the normal knee of the same side. METHODS: In this study, 25 patients with avulsion fracture at the PCL joint were treated with open surgery and screw fixation. The patients were followed up by Lysholm knee score for at least 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: All patients were male with an average age of 25 years over the years 2010-2018. The common mechanism of injury in these patients was motorcycle-car accident. In the study with Lysholm knee score, 21 patients (80%) obtained the good score of 60-90 while 20% of patients were placed in the fair group (30-59). The average score was 86. CONCLUSION: The obtained score of knee function questionnaire in this study had no significant difference from other similar studies, and most patients achieved a good and acceptable score after the surgery. There was no knee instability and functional impairment in the patients compared to the normal knee. Considering the clinical results after the fixation of the PCL avulsion fracture causing a significant improvement in patients, the surgery could be considered as an acceptable and effective method for treating such impairment and fracture.
Trends in International Incidence of Pediatric Cancers in Children Under 5 Years of Age: 1988–2012

Abstract Background Pediatric cancer incidence has been steadily increasing over the last several decades with the largest increases reported in infants. Few evaluations have looked at international pediatric cancer incidence trends in the youngest children. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate trends in cancer incidence in children under 5 years of age, overall and by type, using data from Cancer Incidence in 5 Continents (CI5) from 1988 to 2012 (CI5 volumes VII–XI). Methods Rates of cancers in children ages 0–4 years were extracted from registries available in CI5 from 1988 to 2012. To overcome small numbers in individual registries, numerators and denominators were aggregated within regions corresponding to the United Nations’ geoscheme. Average annual percent change (AAPC) was estimated using Poisson regression. Robust standard errors were used in all models to correct for overdispersion in some regions, and 95% Wald confidence intervals and P values were reported. The top five cancers by increasing AAPC were ranked within each region. Results Overall, in children under 5 years, increasing incidence was seen in multiple regions for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, ependymal tumors, neuroblastoma, and hepatoblastoma. Hepatoblastoma had the largest AAPC in 11 out of 15 regions and showed an increase in all regions except southern Asia. Astrocytic tumors were the only cancer that decreased over the time period. Conclusions We evaluated 25 years of cancer incidence in children ages 0–4 years and observed increases in incidence for hepatoblastoma, leukemia, neuroblastoma, and ependymal tumors. Further etiologic evaluation will be required to explain these increases in incidence.
Patient satisfaction and objective outcome assessment following mid-urethral sling procedures in women with stress urinary incontinence: A prospective study

Background Mid-urethral sling (MUS) operations are currently a recognized as the most popular and effective procedures for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) among women population. However, data reporting a long-term outcome is still equivocal, and thus, the data available are limited. This study aims to examine the efficacy of MUS operations after implantation for the treatment of women SUI during 3-years follow up. Method A prospective study was conducted in referral centers in the Tehran University of Medical Science, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Iran. 105 patients with urodynamically proven pure SUI or mix incontinence treated by MUS surgeries (TOT-TVT) were included. Patients with history of prior anti-incontinence surgery and abdominal radical pelvic surgery were excluded. Data regarding objective cure rates, subjective outcomes (Urogenital Distress Inventory Questionnaire–Short Form, Surgical Satisfaction Questionnaire) were collected during follow-up. We analyzed the preoperative parameters by univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate outcomes. Results One hundred five women had MUS implantation. At 4-years follow-up, 101 women (95%) were available for the assessment. We find evidence of significant improvement in urinary symptoms, objective cure rates and patient satisfaction after operation. At 3-years follow up, 80 of 101 women (82.17%) indicated themselves cured. Similarly, at 3-years evaluation, 83 of 101 women (82.17%) were satisfied or very satisfied, not showing visible urine leakage; and a state that did not need interval surgery. The multivariate analysis of the preoperative parameters revealed that age, VD, absences of urgency symptoms were the parameters related independently to the surgical success and patient’s satisfaction and Qmax was well associated with postoperative voiding dysfunction (PVD). Conclusion The 4-years findings of this study suggest that MUS surgeries are an effective procedures for the treatment of SUI.