Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Calibration Algorithm for a Three-Axis Strapdown Magnetometer

A complete error calibration model with 12 independent parameters is established by analyzing the three-axis magnetometer error mechanism. The said model conforms to an ellipsoid restriction, the parameters of the ellipsoid equation are estimated, and the ellipsoid coefficient matrix is derived. However, the calibration matrix cannot be determined completely, as there are fewer ellipsoid parameters than calibration model parameters. Mathematically, the calibration matrix derived from the ellipsoid coefficient matrix by a different matrix decomposition method is not unique, and there exists an unknown rotation matrix R between them. This paper puts forward a constant intersection angle method (angles between the geomagnetic field and gravitational field are fixed) to estimate R. The Tikhonov method is adopted to solve the problem that rounding errors or other errors may seriously affect the calculation results of R when the condition number of the matrix is very large. The geomagnetic field vector and heading error are further corrected by R. The constant intersection angle method is convenient and practical, as it is free from any additional calibration procedure or coordinate transformation. In addition, the simulation experiment indicates that the heading error declines from ±1° calibrated by classical ellipsoid fitting to ±0.2° calibrated by a constant intersection angle method, and the signal-to-noise ratio is 50 dB. The actual experiment exhibits that the heading error is further corrected from ±0.8° calibrated by the classical ellipsoid fitting to ±0.3° calibrated by a constant intersection angle method.
Generation of Targeted Advertisements for Online Social Networks

Generating targeted advertisements for online social networks is a problem of growing interest. Monetizing activity in online social networks has been the topic of heated discussion lately. The undiscriminating tastes and spending power of a majority of its members makes this medium for self-expression and opinion sharing a very lucrative venue for advertising. The recent $240 million investment by Microsoft in Facebook clearly reaffi rms the opportunity in targeted adver- tising for online social networks. Content-targeted advertisement programs such as Google AdSense and Yahoo Contextual Match work by automatically spotting keywords in web pages and displaying ads based on the keywords. The displayed ads are also refereed as Contextual Advertisements. These ads are generally represented by a URL along with a textual descrip- tion that is also used to match the ad with the target page. This model works relatively well on the Web but its applicability to social networks is being met with some important challenges. User activity on venues such as forums, marketplaces and groups on social networking sites are excellent targets for monetization. We present an algorithm based on keyword cluster- ing to generate targeted ads.
Image-based modeling and rendering of surfaces with arbitrary BRDFs

A goal of image-based rendering is to synthesize as realistically as possible man made and natural objects. The paper presents a method for image-based modeling and rendering of objects with arbitrary (possibly anisotropic and spatially varying) BRDFs. An object is modeled by sampling the surface's incident light field to reconstruct a non-parametric apparent BRDF at each visible point on the surface, This can be used to render the object from the same viewpoint but under arbitrarily specified illumination. We demonstrate how these object models can be embedded in synthetic scenes and rendered under global illumination which captures the interreflections between real and synthetic objects. We also show how these image-based models can be automatically composited onto video footage with dynamic illumination so that the effects (shadows and shading) of the lighting on the composited object match those of the scene.
Optimal Control of a Rigid Body using Geometrically Exact Computations on SE(3)

Optimal control problems are formulated and efficient computational procedures are proposed for combined orbital and rotational maneuvers of a rigid body in three dimensions. The rigid body is assumed to act under the influence of forces and moments that arise from a potential and from control forces and moments. The key features of this paper are its use of computational procedures that are guaranteed to preserve the geometry of the optimal solutions. The theoretical basis for the computational procedures is summarized, and examples of optimal spacecraft maneuvers are presented
Tensile properties of amniotic membrane

The amniotic membrane, which is the innermost layer of the placental membrane, is a thin and transparent tissue. Rejection rarely occurs in the amniotic membrane because it is free from vascular components. Therefore, the amniotic membrane has attracted attention as a surgical biomaterial for regenerative medicine in various medical fields. However, evaluation of mechanical properties for the amniotic membrane is not standardized because of the difficulty in handling tiny amniotic membrane materials. In this study, to propose the most appropriate tensile testing method for the amniotic membrane, the influence of specimen shapes and testing jig types on the mechanical properties of the amniotic membrane is examined. Moreover, for the strain measurement of the thin film like amniotic membrane, due to the low rigidity of the specimen, it is necessary to measure the strain by a non-contact measurement method. A non-contact optical 3D deformation measuring system, which can measure strain by the image correlation method using the dotted pattern of specimen’s surface, is applied for the tensile testing of the amniotic membrane. The dumbbell specimen and grip jig are shown to be suitable for tensile testing of the amniotic membrane. The tensile strength of the amniotic membrane was 6.80 ± 0.22 MPa. For strain measurement by using a non-contact optical 3D deformation measuring system, the organic solvent spray was not suitable because the ink-film was formed on the surface of the amniotic membrane. On the other hand, spray mixed with calcium carbonate and hydrophilic ink was appropriate to apply a dotted pattern on the surface of the amniotic membrane.
Effect of heating rate on the chemical kinetics of different biomass pyrolysis materials

The present work is attempting to focus on thermal degradation properties and the kinetics of pyrolysis for biomass samples like wheat straw, wheat dust, and corn cob using thermogravimetric analysis in a nitrogen atmosphere at heating rates of 10, 15, and 20 K/min. It appears that as the heating rate is increased, the thermal degradation process is delayed and the main step of mass loss takes place between 250 °C and 400 °C, with about 75% loss of the initial mass of the sample. The ignition and burnout temperature values of biomass samples are determined at different heating rates. It was found that corn cob has the highest values. Proximate and ultimate analysis of the three biomass fuels was investigated as corn cob has the highest heating and volatile matter values (3971.86 Cal/gm and 84%, respectively). Kinetics parameters such as activation energy, frequency factor, and reaction order are determined using integral and sequential methods.
Conventional inactivated bivalent H5/H7 vaccine prevents viral localization in muscles of turkeys infected experimentally with low pathogenic avian influenza and highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N1 isolates

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses cause viraemia and systemic infections with virus replication in internal organs and muscles; in contrast, low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses produce mild infections with low mortality rates and local virus replication. There is little available information on the ability of LPAI viruses to cause viraemia or on the presence of avian influenza viruses in general in the muscles of infected turkeys. The aim of the present study was to determine the ability of LPAI and HPAI H7N1 viruses to reach muscle tissues following experimental infection and to determine the efficacy of vaccination in preventing viraemia and meat localization. The potential of infective muscle tissue to act as a source of infection for susceptible turkeys by mimicking the practice of swill-feeding was also investigated. The HPAI virus was isolated from blood and muscle tissues of all unvaccinated turkeys; LPAI could be isolated only from blood of one bird and could be detected only by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in muscles. In contrast, no viable virus or viral RNA could be detected in muscles of vaccinated/challenged turkeys, indicating that viral localization in muscle tissue is prevented in vaccinated birds.
Stereo Algorithms and Representations for Image-based Rendering

This paper reviews a number of recently developed stereo matching algorithms and representations. It focuses on techniques that are especially well suited for image-based renderingapplications such as novel view generation and the mixing of live imagery with synthetic computer graphics. The paper begins by reviewing some recent approaches to the classic problem of recovering a depth map from two or more images. It then describes a number of newer representations (and their associated reconstruction algorithms), including volumetric representations, layered plane-plus-parallax representations, and multiple depth maps. Each of these techniques has its own strengths and weaknesses, which are discussed.
Automatic mobile photographer and picture diary

In this paper a novel application concerning smart phones is introduced which makes use of the recently introduced autonomous approach for visual landmarks identification based on video input. The problem of recognizing new or pre-defined features in a video stream surfaced a long time ago. Many workable solutions have been proposed and implemented but few can work in an embedded mobile device with sustainable quality. Either they are too slow or very computational costly. Embedded devices such as smart mobile phones have a limited and not scalable amount of resources. Some important aspects to consider when coding a mobile application are processing power, memory and energy in a great extent. This paper describes a novel recursive (and thus fast) method of automatic landmark recognition that is applied to such smart mobile devices. The application uses the inbuilt camera to retrieve information about the external context. This information is used as input of an evolving algorithm that is embedded and runs on the mobile device.
Biologically inspired deep stereo model

The human stereo vision process begins in primary visual cortex where complex cells are deemed as disparity detectors. Besides correct matches, complex cells could also respond to false matches which cause ambiguous depth perception. This reveals that there exist some inherent mechanisms in the higher visual processing areas for eliminating false matches and thus recovering true disparity. Due to the least understanding of this hierarchical process, this paper aims to investigate this problem by proposing a deep stereo vision model. There are three characteristics of the proposed model: 1) the obtained disparity maps become more accurate from lower layers to higher layers; 2) it tends to promote neural responses of correct matches while inhibiting those of incorrect matches; 3) it generalizes well to unseen data.
Optimal Parametric Search for Path and Tree Partitioning

We present linear-time algorithms for partitioning a path or a tree with weights on the vertices by removing $k$ edges to maximize the minimum-weight component. We also use the same framework to partition a path with weight on the vertices, removing $k$ edges to minimize the maximum-weight component. The algorithms use the parametric search paradigm, testing candidate values until an optimum is found while simultaneously reducing the running time needed for each test. For path-partitioning, the algorithm employs a synthetic weighting scheme that results in a constant fraction reduction in running time after each test. For tree-partitioning, our dual-pronged strategy makes progress no matter what the specific structure of our tree is.
Convolutional-Code-Specific CRC Code Design

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes check if a codeword is correctly received. This paper presents an algorithm to design CRC codes that are optimized for the code-specific error behavior of a specified feedforward convolutional code. The algorithm utilizes two distinct approaches to computing undetected error probability of a CRC code used with a specific convolutional code. The first approach enumerates the error patterns of the convolutional code and tests if each of them is detectable. The second approach reduces complexity significantly by exploiting the equivalence of the undetected error probability to the frame error rate of an equivalent catastrophic convolutional code. The error events of the equivalent convolutional code are exactly the undetectable errors for the original concatenation of CRC and convolutional codes. This simplifies the computation because error patterns do not need to be individually checked for detectability. As an example, we optimize CRC codes for a commonly used 64-state convolutional code for information length k=1024, demonstrating significant reduction in undetected error probability compared to the existing CRC codes with the same degrees. For a fixed target undetected error probability, the optimized CRC codes typically require 2 fewer bits.
On packet aggregation mechanism for improving Massive Multiplayer Online Game performance in P2P network

Usually thousands of avatars are simultaneously online in P2P MMOG. To keep game's real-time, MMOG adopts some packet aggregation mechanisms in P2P network. This paper proposes a packet aggregation mechanism for Massive Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) in P2P, which aggregates game packets into a single packet based on game interactivity threshold and aggregation threshold. The number of transmissions for packets and the overhead caused by the header of packets are reduced. Moreover, an analysis method is developed to evaluate this aggregation mechanism in terms of the average aggregation degree and the average aggregation delay. Experimental results show the aggregation mechanism saves bandwidth and keeps game's real-time and consistency.
Single quantum dots : fundamentals, applications, and new concepts

Epitaxial Growth and Electronic Structure of Self-Assembled Quantum Dots. - Electronic Properties of Self-Assembled Quantum Dots. - Exciton Complexes in Self-Assembled In(Ga)As/GaAs Quantum Dots. - Optical Spectroscopy of Epitaxially Grown II-VI Single Quantum Dots. - Quantum-Dot Lasers. - Dephasing Processes and Carrier Dynamics in (In,Ga)As Quantum Dots. - Solid-State Cavity-Quantum Electrodynamics with Self-Assembled Quantum Dots. - Nonclassical Light from Single Semiconductor Quantum Dots. - Subject Index.
Comparative Analysis of Reactive Routing Protocols for MANET at Different Traffic Load

No infrastructure, no centralized administration and selfconfiguration are the main characteristics of MANETs. The primary motivation of MANET deployment is to increase portability, mobility and flexibility. However, this mobility causes an unpredictable change in topology and makes routing more difficult. Many routing algorithms have been proposed and tested over the last few years in order to provide an efficient routing in Ad Hoc networks. In this paper we will show our conducted study with AODV and DSR routing protocols. The performance of routing protocols have been evaluated carefully by analyzing the effects of changing network parameters such as Traffic load and pause time for four performance metrics: packet delivery ratio, throughput, endtoend delay and normalized routing load. All the simulation work has been conducted in NS2. Our simulation results show that AODV gives better performance in all designed simulation models in terms of packets delivery ratio, throughput, end-to-end delay and normalized routing load. General Terms MANET, route request, route reply, route discovery and route maintenance, Route Cache.
Contextualizing Flow in Games

Flow, the concept developed by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi over the last forty years or so (see Csikszentmihalyi 1975) has been invoked quite often with respect to the way players engage with digital games (e.g. Baron 2012; Cowley et al. 2008; Sweetser and Wyeth 2005; Brathwaite & Schreiber, 2009; Fullerton, Swain, & Hoffman, 2008; Schell, 2008). However Kubey & Csikszentmihalyi (2002) argue that ‘video games’ are in fact likely to promote undesirable experiences of a kind Csikszentmihalyi refers to as ‘entropy’ or unstructured and unsatisfying life experiences. This presentation explores Csikszentmihalyi’s greater thesis and examines how a broader reading of Flow theory can potentially help us understand Flow like engagements beyond the simple mechanistic view of challenge and reward sometimes encountered in the literature. The main thrust of the argument made here is to explicitly introduce personally expressed cultural values into the conditions of Flow. By doing so we can then provide a value centric analysis and design approach, similar to that of Cockton’s (2004; 2012) proposal to include values into general software design. That is the very nature of challenges and rewards needs to be considered in order to investigate how overcoming or receiving such would be positively or negatively perceived by individuals from particular cultures holding particular values. Thus we hope that we have dealt with the apparent contradiction in using Csikszentmihalyi’s concept in the study of games despite his criticism of such, and have provided some indication of how we can deal with unspecified rewards and the differential perception and engagement with potentially equivalent challenges while still supporting the accepted thesis of Flow.
A Zero-Knowledge Proof of Digital Signature Scheme Based on the Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem

In this paper, we proposed a new signature scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography. We combined the two problems, factoring and logarithm problem into both signing and verifying equations. We also give a kind of algorithm of the zero-knowledge proof of proposed digital signature. The new scheme was shown to be secure against the known attacks for signature schemes. This algorithm has characteristics which has little computation, high reliability, and easy to be realized.
Placental Nutrient Transport and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Intrauterine growth restriction refers to the inability of the fetus to reach its genetically determined potential size. Fetal growth restriction affects approximately 5–15% of all pregnancies in the United States and Europe. In developing countries the occurrence varies widely between 10 and 55%, impacting about 30 million newborns per year. Besides having high perinatal mortality rates these infants are at greater risk for severe adverse outcomes, such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and cerebral palsy. Moreover, reduced fetal growth has lifelong health consequences, including higher risks of developing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Numerous reports indicate placental insufficiency as one of the underlying causes leading to altered fetal growth and impaired placental capacity of delivering nutrients to the fetus has been shown to contribute to the etiology of intrauterine growth restriction. Indeed, reduced expression and/or activity of placental nutrient transporters have been demonstrated in several conditions associated with an increased risk of delivering a small or growth restricted infant. This review focuses on human pregnancies and summarizes the changes in placental amino acid, fatty acid, and glucose transport reported in conditions associated with intrauterine growth restriction, such as maternal undernutrition, pre-eclampsia, young maternal age, high altitude and infection.
Predicting player behavior in Tomb Raider: Underworld

This paper presents the results of an explorative study on predicting aspects of playing behavior for the major commercial title Tomb Raider: Underworld (TRU). Various supervised learning algorithms are trained on a large-scale set of in-game player behavior data, to predict when a player will stop playing the TRU game and, if the player completes the game, how long will it take to do so. Results reveal that linear regression models and other non-linear classification techniques perform well on the tasks and that decision tree learning induces small yet well-performing and informative trees. Moderate performance is achieved from the prediction models, which indicates the complexity of predicting player behavior based on a constrained set of gameplay metrics and the noise existent in the dataset examined, a generic problem in large-scale data collection from millions of remote clients.
Expression of XBP1s in fibroblasts is critical for TiAl6V4 particle‐induced RANKL expression and osteolysis

Wear particle‐induced osteolysis is a major cause of aseptic loosening, which is one of the most common reasons for total hip arthroplasty (THA) failure. Previous studies have shown that the expression of Receptor activation of nuclear factor (NF)‐kB (RANKL) by fibroblasts in periprosthetic membrane played a crucial role in wear particle‐induced osteolysis. However, the underlying mechanism of RANKL expression remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of TiAl6V4 particle (TiPs)‐induced XBP1s (spliced form of X‐box binding protein 1) on RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The levels of XBP1s in peri‐implant membrane, animal models, and TiPs‐stimulated fibroblasts were determined by western blots. To assess the effect of XBP1s on RANKL expression, fibroblasts were treated with both a small interfering RNA (siRNA) and an inhibitor of XBP1 prior to exposure to TiPs. The effect of XBP1s on osteoclasts formation was determined by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining in vitro osteoclastogenesis assay and in animal models. The resorption of bone was assessed by micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) with three‐dimensional reconstruction. Our results demonstrated that XBP1s was activated in periprosthetic membrane, mouse calvaria models, and TiPs‐stimulated human synovial fibroblasts. Further, inhibition of XBP1s decreased the expression of RANKL and osteoclasts formation in vitro. In mouse calvaria models, both of the osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis were inhibited XBP1s inhibitor. Our results suggested that XBP1s mediated TiPs‐induced of RANKL expression in fibroblasts, and down regulating XBP1s may represent a potential therapy for wear particle‐induced osteolysis. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:752–759, 2017.