Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Differences on a Measure of Mathematics Vocabulary for English Learners and Non-English Learners with and without Mathematics Difficulty

Abstract The purpose of this study was to measure the mathematics-vocabulary performance of 3rd graders to determine if performance differences existed among English learners (ELs) and non-ELs with and without mathematics difficulty (MD). Using screening data from a large-scale intervention study, we categorized students into four groups based on equation solving and word-problem performance: no MD, equation difficulty, word-problem difficulty, or equation and word-problem difficulty. Within these four categories, we compared student performance between ELs and non-ELs. Results showed ELs scored lower than non-ELs across all groups. Both ELs and non-ELs with equation and word-problem difficulty demonstrated lower performance on the mathematics vocabulary measure than students with only equation difficulty or word-problem difficulty. Findings indicated ELs and students with MD have limited mathematics vocabulary knowledge and may require focused instruction on the language of mathematics.
Is informal care sufficient to meet the long-term care needs of older people with disabilities in China? Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey

Abstract Rapid demographic shifts and socio-economic changes are fuelling concerns over the inadequate supply of informal care – the most common source of care-giving for older people in China. Unmet long-term care needs, which are believed to cause numerous adverse effects on health, continue to increase. Drawing data from the 2015 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, this study explores the relationship between informal care provision and unmet long-term care needs among older people in China. We first examine the availability of informal care among older people with disabilities. We then analyse whether a higher intensity of informal care leads to lower unmet needs. Our findings suggest that the majority of older people with disabilities receive a low intensity of care, i.e. less than 80 hours per month. Besides, a higher intensity of informal care received could significantly lower the probabilities of unmet needs for the disabled older adults who have mainly instrumental activities of daily living limitations. Our study points out that informal care cannot address the needs of those who are struggling with multi-dimensional difficulties in their daily living. Our findings highlight a pressing need for the government to buttress the formal care provision and delivery systems to support both informal care-givers and disabled older people in China.
Reducing Stigma Toward Schizophrenia: An Investigation into what Information is Most Effective at Decreasing Negative Attitudes to Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness that manifests psychotic symptoms and largely affects an individual’s day to day functioning (Silva et al., 2017). In addition to the incapacitating symptoms of this disorder, patients with schizophrenia face another central concern: stigma (Stuart, 2016). In light of this, an abundance of previous research has been dedicated to discerning the most effective and feasible methods to reduce stigma towards mental illness (Corrigan, 2001). In particular, a large body of research has suggested that education - or more specifically, educating people about the causes of schizophrenia - may be an effective way to achieve this goal (e.g. Boysen & Vogel, 2008). So far, two causal explanations have dominated the literature; psychosocial causal explanations and biogenetic causal explanations. However, only a small number of experimental studies have directly compared the teaching of these opposing two models on levels of stigma (Lincoln, Arens, Berger, & Rief, 2008; Schlier, Schmick, & Lincoln, 2014; Walker & Read, 2002). The findings from these studies show that the effects of causal explanations on stigma are contradictory, thus highlighting the need for another experiment to discern the actual successfulness of these methods at reducing negative attitudes towards schizophrenia. Additionally, due to the mixed findings in the literature regarding the effectiveness of etiological information at lowering stigma, it seems warranted that further exploration into novel, educational teachings is conducted to establish whether causal information really is the most appropriate educational explanation to enlist if stigma reduction is the end goal. In the current research, two experiments were conducted where participants were provided different explanations for schizophrenia (both causal and non-causal in nature) or no explanation at all. Participants received either a biogenetic causal explanation of schizophrenia, a psychosocial causal explanation of schizophrenia, or a creative explanation for schizophrenia, (Experiment One). Comparatively, in Experiment Two participants were provided either a causal explanation for schizophrenia (biogenetic, psychosocial, epigenetic) or, no information at all. Findings from both experiments suggested there were no significant differences between the levels of prejudice and discrimination of participants who saw information which was causal in nature, and those who did not. Further, no evidence was found to support the hypothesis that different causal explanations have varying effects on stigma. Moreover, the previously untested explanations for schizophrenia did not produce stigma reducing effects. Strengths, limitations, implications and future directions are discussed.
Pterygium Surgery: suture less glue less conjunctival auto grafting

BACKGRUND: To evaluate the efficacy of blood clot fixation of the conjunctival autograft after pterygium excision in primary and recurrent pterygium. Objective: To establish a simple, cost effective, less painful and less time consuming technique of conjunctival autograft. Settings: Department of ophthalmology, SSG Hospital and Medical College , Baroda DESIGN: Prospective analytical non comparative study MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 eyes from 50 patients with primary or recurrent nasal pterygium in age group 30-55 years were recruited. All eyes underwent pterygium excision followed by conjunctival autografting. Blood oozed during pterygium excision was used as tissue adhesive to secure conjunctival autograft. Graft was observed after 10 minutes. In the mean follow up period of 6 months patients were examined for haemorrhage, wound gape, graft shrinkage, graft loss, chemosis, graft dehiscence, recurrence or any other complication. RESULTS: After surgery, recurrence developed in 1 eye (2%), graft loss in 1 eye(2%) and chemosis in 2 eyes(4%). CONCLUSION: Blood oozed during pterygium excision may provide novel approach for securing conjunctival autograft.
Remittance flows, remitting behavior and utilization patterns: the case of Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Remittances to developing countries are complex and multi-faceted, warrant closer examination and analysis. This paper examines remittance flows to Ethiopia in more depth, paying particular attention to remitting behavior by migrants from Ethiopia, and to the dynamics of how remittances are used in Ethiopia. The paper draws from an extensive survey (N = 544), interviews and focus groups conducted in Gondar, Northern Ethiopia. It provides new insights into the complex remittance relationship, including dynamics between the layers of hierarchies and family structures, the relationship between senders and recipients, and how remitting behavior changes along with the changing demographics of sending and receiving families across time and space. In particular, it shows that remittances are increasingly sent beyond the immediate family circle, often to neighbors, community or religious organizations, or to extended family members living in Ethiopia or in other countries.
Sentence processing in dyslexia : an examination of eye movements and comprehension

This thesis aimed to investigate the comprehension and eye movements of adults and adolescents with dyslexia while reading sentences with complex syntax. We focused on the processing of sentences with temporary syntactic ambiguity (Chapter 2), sentences that contain relative clauses (Chapter 3), as well as active and passive, plausible and implausible sentences (Chapter 4). The final experiment reported in this thesis involved the examination of the way that dyslexic and non-dyslexic adolescents comprehend and process all three types of sentences that were the focus of the adult studies (Chapter 5). We also compared the similarities and differences between the adult and adolescent samples, in order to attempt to provide some exploratory insight into the trajectory that the development of sentence processing and comprehension follows from adolescence to adulthood. Results showed that dyslexic adults show poorer comprehension than controls in sentences with syntactic ambiguity, and in passive and implausible sentences. However, dyslexics showed similar comprehension accuracy to controls in sentences that contained relative clauses. Despite the type of sentence examined, dyslexic adults showed consistently longer reading times than non-dyslexics. Dyslexic adolescents showed similar result patterns to dyslexic adults. More specifically, they showed consistently longer reading times in all types of sentences and poorer comprehension in garden-path and passive sentences. This highlights the differences in development of comprehension and processing of sentences between non-dyslexic and dyslexic individuals of all ages. Throughout this thesis, we additionally examined the role of several cognitive factors (working memory, processing speed, verbal intelligence) in comprehension and processing of sentences. Working memory in general appeared to be more associated with group differences than the other two factors. The findings of the studies presented in this thesis provide invaluable insights into the manifestation of dyslexia as a cognitive-developmental disorder in the processing and comprehension of sentences in adolescence and adulthood.
Trauma ocular por Himenópteros: aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos

ARQ. BRAS. OFTAL. 53(1),1990 RESUMO São apresentados três casos clínicos de trauma ocular por insetos da ordem dos Himen6pteros. Tais acidentes são pouco freqüentes em grandes cidades. Os insetos inoculam nos tecidos oculares mistu­ ras de substâncias altamente tóxicas, como aminas, peptídeos, en­ zimas. Todos os casos apresentavam alterações anatômicas e fun­ cionais graves do· segmento anterior do olho e foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico, tendo o exame anátomo-patológico revelado intensa destruição tecidual da c6rnea e cristalino. Discutem-se ainda as açóes dos componentes do veneno sobre os tecidos humanos, con­ cluindo-se que o trauma ocular por insetos Himen6pteros pode de­ terminar uma baixa acentuada de acuidade visual ou mesmo ceguei­ ra definitiva.
Fathers’ Cognitive Engagement and Preschoolers’ Literacy Skills in Three Ethnic Groups in Trinidad and Tobago

Using the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, this study assessed the associations between fathers’ cognitive engagement and preschoolers’ literacy skills in African Caribbean, Indo-Caribbean, and mixed-ethnic Caribbean families in Trinidad and Tobago. The sample consisted of 476 fathers and their preschool-aged children. Multigroup structural equation modeling indicated that paternal cognitive engagement was associated with children’s literacy skills in mixed-ethnic Caribbean and Indo-Caribbean families above and beyond maternal cognitive engagement activities. Across all groups, children’s age, number of hours in preschool, and number of children’s books in the home were associated with children’s literacy skills. Fathers’ residential status was associated with children’s literacy skills differently across ethnic groups. Findings are interpreted in terms of the importance and consistency of paternal engagement in the home environment for the acquisition of early language skills in developing countries.
15 Minutes of Attention in Class: Variability of Heart Rate, Personality, Emotion and Chronotype

Until today, almost all studies on Sustained Attention (SA) in the classroom were based on the time management by the teacher and its effect on student attention, but almost none report objective and conclusive data on physiological factors that intervene and modulate the student’s AS during class; which led the pedagogical sciences to consider that AS depends almost exclusively on the teacher’s methodology. In this study, an AS Detection System in the classroom was designed and validated based on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and through a non-parametric analysis of time, frequency and entropy measures, in A sample of 30 subjects, it was shown that the physiological response that promotes AS in students is activated between the first 15 to 20 minutes of a conventional class. In addition, it was verified that the Positive Affection, the Tension and the Chronotype modulate the AS in the first minutes, in the middle and at the end of the classes, and that there is a significant difference in the 40th minute for the morning and evening groups.
Dementia care-giving and employment: a mixed-studies review on a presumed conflict

Abstract Many persons with dementia live at home and are cared for by their relatives. If the relatives are still employed, this can lead to higher burden and losses in their work-life. The interplay between informal care-giving and working is complex. Different studies have explored this issue, but the results have not been yet synthesised. In this mixed-studies review, we elucidate the underlying complexity. Our objective is to identify the factors related to care-giving that influence employment, and to describe their impact on dementia care-givers’ employment. We performed a literature search of primary studies using four databases and one meta-database, and retrieved English- and German-language articles. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to assess their methodological quality. Evidence identified was synthesised by a parallel-results convergent synthesis design. We included 55 qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method studies published up to January 2018. The emerging model identified factors linked to the care recipient with dementia, the informal care-giver and the care-giving context. The impacts of these factors on care-givers’ employment are mostly negative (e.g. stopped/reduced work, decreased job performance). Nevertheless, the results provide encouraging insights as working can counterbalance care-giving strain, and managing both roles can enhance care-givers’ wellbeing. Practical efforts should focus on enabling informal care-givers to better manage the balance between care-giving and work responsibilities.
Ethno-Religious Identification and Social Distance Between Muslims and Christians: Analysis on Social Identity Theory

This article aims to investigate the relationship between ethno-religious identity and the social distancebetween Muslims and Christians in Ambon and Yogyakarta, taking into account factors at the individual level.Also, this research is addressed to fll a gap in the literature between studies that emphasize economic andpolitical competition as the main sources of con? ict, and studies that focus on prejudice and discriminationas causes of con? ict. The central question is: to what extent is ethno-religious identifcation present amongMuslims and Christians in Ambon and Yogyakarta and observable in their daily lives? This research usessocial identity theory that attempts to question why people like their in-group, and dislike out-groups. Thetheory says that individuals struggle for positive in-group distinctiveness, and have positive attitudes towardtheir in-group and negative attitudes towards out-groups. This research uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A survey was conducted with 1500 university students from six universities in Ambon andYogyakarta. By using quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, this study came up with several fndings. Firstly, the study found high levels of religious identifcation among Muslim and Christian respondents,demonstrated by their participation in religious practices, which we defne as frequency of praying, attendingreligious services, and reading the Holy Scriptures. Secondly, social distance consists of contact avoidance,avoidance of future spouses from another religion, and the support for residential segregation. Di? erencesfrom the mean show that Muslim respondents tend to display higher contact avoidance and support forresidential segregation compared to Christian respondents. Thirdly, analysis of variance demonstrates thatelements of ethno-religious identity are related signifcantly to elements of social distance.
Effects of critical incident tasks on the intercultural competence of English non-majors

ABSTRACT In this internationalised world, graduate employability in terms of intercultural communication skills needs to be taken into account in higher education. The present study aims to explore the effects of critical incident task instruction on English non-majored undergraduates’ intercultural competence. One group of students received ten weeks of instruction with one critical incident task per week and another group received standard English classes. Data were collected from the students’ pre- and post-test. The results showed a significant and strong effect of the intervention with critical incident tasks. Implications for educational practice are presented for further teaching with critical incident tasks.
Exploring underexposed stories: the experienced lifecourse of financially excluded older adults

Abstract To gain insights into vulnerable lifecourses and give a voice to those often underrepresented in quantitative research, this study examines the life stories (past, present and future) of 19 financially excluded older adults using an adapted version of McAdams’ life-story interview scheme. Although these life stories demonstrate an accumulation of many disadvantages and an uncertain future because of current financial situations, the stories also reflect the generativity, resilience, coping strategies and agency of financially excluded older adults. We demonstrate how the experienced lifecourse is built around both negative and positive turning points and transitions which go beyond the classical education–work–retirement triumvirate, and how socio-cultural life scripts are used as a framework to build one's own life story in order to achieve continuity. The discussion highlights the potential for deploying the life-story method as a qualitative resource for providing individualised care.
A longitudinal examination of the measurement equivalence of mental health assessments in two British birth cohorts

Valid inference from the investigation of mental health relies – among others – on the assumption of no measurement error. However, it is well known that data from self-reported measures are likely to be biased by some process that is driven by the respondent’s personality and/or circumstances. We capitalised on data available in two nationally representative birth cohorts, the National Child Development Study (1958 birth cohort) and the 1970 British Cohort Study to formally test the longitudinal measurement equivalence of the nine-item version of the Malaise Inventory, a measure of psychological distress. The inclusion of identical assessments of mental health in adulthood in both cohorts allowed us to evaluate their measurement properties and investigate whether the passage of time has differentially affected the interpretation of mental health assessments. To do so, we employed methods within the generalised latent variable measurement modelling framework and related extensions for formally testing measurement invariance. We found that the passage of two decades and more in both cohorts have not influenced how participants respond to the short version of the Malaise Inventory. The observed scalar invariance of the short version of the Malaise Inventory implies that potential sources of bias such as age effects, survey design, period effects, or cohort specific effects did not influence the way participants in the two cohorts respond to the symptoms described in the Malaise Inventory. Our results offer some reassurance for the extent to which self-reported mental health survey questions are affected by systematic sources of error.
Psychometric Testing of Instrument for Assessment of Nursing Students Professional Behavior in Indonesia

Professional behavior is a crucial aspect of nursing career success as professional nurses. Nursing education plays an essential role to educate the nursing student to manage the complex demand in health care environment accordingly. However, the instrument to measure professional behavior among nursing student remains scarce. The aim of research are to adapt and validate the Nursing Students Professional Behavior Scale (NSPBS) and measure professional behavior among Indonesian nursing students. The original instrument (27 items) was translated using the translation guideline by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2018). The total sample was 364 nursing students from Bachelor-level nursing school at the private university in Yogyakarta (Indonesia). The inclusion criteria were the students already been to clinical practice in the hospital. The data collected from August to September 2018. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using Partial Least Square (PLS)-Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability. The finding was fitted for the three-dimensions which were included in healthcare practice, activity practice, and reporting. The face validity and content validity was evaluated by six experts. The CFA showed the excellent result with factor-loadings varying from 0.70 to 0.96 for the constructs. While the composite reliability (CR) for all latent constructs ranged from 0.90 to 0.96, which means that the internal consistency reliability was high. The Indonesian version of NSPBS remained with 27 items and was tested to be a valid and reliable tool to measure the professional behavior of nursing students. The instrument will be useful for nurse educators to monitor the development of student nurses’ professionalism in clinical practice. Keywords—Assessment, nursing student, professional behavior, validation
The Accuracy of ICD codes for Cerebrovascular Diseases in Medical Insurance Claims

Objectives : We attempted to assess He accuracy of ICD codes for cerebrovascular diseases in medical insurance claims (ICMIC) and to investigate the reasons for error. This study was designed as a preliminary study to establish a nationwide surveillance system. Methods : A total of 626 patients with medical insurance claims who indicated a diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases during the period from 1993 to 1997 was selected from the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation cohort (KMIC cohort: 115,600 persons). The KMIC cohort was 10% of those insured who had taken health examinations in 1990 and 1992 consecutively. The registered medical record administrators were trained in the survey technique and gathered data from March to May 1999. The definition of cerebrovascular diseases in this study included cases which met ore of two criteria (Minnesota, WHO) or 'definite stroke' in CT/MRI finding. We questioned the medical record administrators to explain the error if the final diagnoses were not coded as stroke. Results : The accuracy rate of the ICMIC was 83.0% (425 cases) Medical records were not available for 8.2% (51 cases) due to the closing of hospitals, the absence of a computer system or omission of medical record, etc. Sixty-three cases (10.0%) were classified as impossible to interpret due to insufficient records in 'major clinical symptoms' or 'neurological deficits'. The most common reason was 'to meet review criteria of medical insurance benefits (52.9%)'. The department where errors in the ICMIC occurred most frequently was the department for medical insurance claims in the hospital. Conclusion : The accuracy rate of the ICMIC was 83.0%.