Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of the CMS Tracker Optical Links and Future Upgrade Using Bandwidth Efficient Digital Modulation

(Abridged version) The CMS experiment at the LHC will begin operation in 2007. The CMS Tracker sub-detector, comprises ~10 million detector channels read out by ~40 000 analog optical links. The optoelectronic components have been designed to meet the stringent requirements of a HEP experiment in terms of radiation hardness, low mass and low power. Extensive testing has been performed on the components and on complete optical links in test systems. Their functionality and performance in terms of gain, noise, linearity, bandwidth and radiation hardness is detailed. Particular emphasis is placed on the gain, which directly affects the dynamic range of the detector data. It has been possible to accurately predict the variation in gain that will be observed throughout the system. A simulation based on production test data showed that the average gain would be ~38% higher than the design target at the Tracker operating temperature of -10{\deg}C. Corrective action was taken to reduce the gains and recover the lost dynamic range by lowering the optical receiver's load resistor value from 100{\Omega} to 62{\Omega}. All links will have gains between 0.64 and 0.96V/V. The future iteration of CMS will be operated in an upgraded LHC requiring faster data readout. In order to preserve the large investments made for the current readout system, an upgrade path that involves reusing the existing optoelectronic components is considered. The applicability of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) in a HEP readout system is examined. The method for calculating the data rate is presented, along with laboratory tests where QAM signals were transmitted over a Tracker optical link. The results show that 3-4Gbit/s would be possible if such a design can be implemented (over 10 times the equivalent data rate of the current analog links, 320Mbits/s).
Unexpected scaling of the performance of carbon nanotube Schottky-barrier transistors

Recent decades have witnessed remarkable and continuing improvements in the performance of field-effect transistors (FETs). These improvements result largely from aggressive scaling of devices to smaller sizes. As further improvement of conventional FETs becomes increasingly difficult, attention has focused on new devices like carbon nanotube (CN) FETs. CNFETs have already shown very promising performance, despite the use of relatively thick gate oxides [1–3]. Here we examine the performance improvement of CNFETs upon scaling of the thickness and dielectric constant of the gate oxide. In both experimental measurements and numerical calculations, we find a very different scaling behavior than for conventional transistors, with important consequences for the design of CNFETs. Specifically, we find that key measures of device performance scale approximately as the square root of the gateoxide thickness tox or its inverse. These include the turnon voltage, the transconductance, and the subthreshold slope. We show that this surprising behavior can be captured in a simple analytic model, which gives a universal form for the saturation current versus gate voltage. Our model incorporates the recent recognition [1,2,4–6] that, in ambipolar CNFETs such as ours, transistor action is caused by modulation of the Schottky barriers (SBs) at the metal-nanotube contacts. The model also highlights the central role of the contact geometry in determining the scaling, with different geometries giving different power laws for the scaling. In contrast, the scaling of conventional FETs with tox is independent of contact geometry in the long-channel limit.
Elevated and high-temperature drying in the Inland Empire

We know the rate at which moisture moves in wood is dependent upon the relative humidity of the surrounding air and the temperature of the wood. The lower the relative humidity, the greater the capillary flow. Low relative humidity also stimulates diffusion by lowering the moisture content at the surface, thereby steepening the moisture gradient. But if the relative humidity is too low during the early stages of the drying of green lumber, excessive end and surface checking may result. The higher the temperature of the wood, the faster will be the rate at which the moisture moves from the wetter interior to the drier surface. But if the temperature is too high, serious defect will occur with a possible reduction of strength of the wood.
Perceived quality of e‐health services: A conceptual scale development of e‐health service quality based on the C‐OAR‐SE approach

Purpose - Health service quality is an important determinant for health service satisfaction and behavioral intentions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate requirements of e‐health services and to develop a measurement model to analyze the construct of “perceived e‐health service quality. ” Design/methodology/approach - The paper adapts the C‐OAR‐SE procedure for scale development by Rossiter. The focal aspect is the “physician‐patient relationship” which forms the core dyad in the healthcare service provision. Several in‐depth interviews were conducted in Switzerland; first with six patients (as raters), followed by two experts of the healthcare system (as judges). Based on the results and an extensive literature research, the classification of object and attributes is developed for this model. Findings - The construct e‐health service quality can be described as an abstract formative object and is operationalized with 13 items: accessibility, competence, information, usability/user friendliness, security, system integration, trust, individualization, empathy, ethical conduct, degree of performance, reliability, and ability to respond. Research limitations/implications - Limitations include the number of interviews with patients and experts as well as critical issues associated with C‐OAR‐SE. More empirical research is needed to confirm the quality indicators of e‐health services. Practical implications - Health care providers can utilize the results for the evaluation of their service quality. Practitioners can use the hierarchical structure to measure service quality at different levels. The model provides a diagnostic tool to identify poor and/or excellent performance with regard to the e‐service delivery. Originality/value - The paper contributes to knowledge with regard to the measurement of e‐health quality and improves the understanding of how customers evaluate the quality of e‐health services.
Radionuclide Retention Mechanisms in Secondary Waste-Form Testing: Phase II

This report describes the results from laboratory tests performed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) to evaluate candidate stabilization technologies that have the potential to successfully treat liquid secondary waste stream effluents produced by the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). WRPS is considering the design and construction of a Solidification Treatment Unit (STU) for the Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) at Hanford. The ETF, a multi-waste, treatment-and-storage unit that has been permitted under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), can accept dangerous, low-level, and mixed wastewaters for treatment. The STU needs to be operational by 2018 to receive secondary liquid waste generated during operation of the WTP. The STU will provide the additional capacity needed for ETF to process the increased volume of secondary waste expected to be produced by WTP. This report on radionuclide retention mechanisms describes the testing and characterization results that improve understanding of radionuclide retention mechanisms, especially for pertechnetate, {sup 99}TcO{sub 4}{sup -} in four different waste forms: Cast Stone, DuraLith alkali aluminosilicate geopolymer, encapsulated fluidized bed steam reforming (FBSR) product, and Ceramicrete phosphate bonded ceramic. These data and results will be used to fill existing datamore » gaps on the candidate technologies to support a decision-making process that will identify a subset of the candidate waste forms that are most promising and should undergo further performance testing. « less
The Theoretical Description for the Electrochemical Determination of Anti-COVID-19 Drug Umifenovir, Assisted by a Poly(squaraine dye-co-naphthoquinones) Composite with CoO(OH), Paired with CoO2

For the first time, the system with anti-COVID19 drug umivenofir electrochemical determination, assisted by a Squaraine Dye – CoO(OH)/CoO2 composite, has been described theoretically. The mechanism contains hydrolysis, chemical, and electrochemical oxidation stages. The correspondent mathematical model has been developed and analyzed using linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. Despite the branched character of the mechanism, the composite of Squaraine Dye with CoO(OH)/CoO2 may be an efficient electrode modifier for the umivenofir determination. However, the oscillatory behavior may be possible, but only because of double electric layer influences on the electrochemical stage.
Direct displacement-based seismic design

There has been considerable discussion recently in New Zealand about the relative merits of displacement-based, and displacement-focused force-based seismic design. This paper puts the case for direct displacement-based seismic design. It is shown that the emphasis on secant stiffness to maximum displacement, rather than initial stiffness (as in force-based seismic design) is important for rational force-distribution to different seismic-resisting structural elements, and in most cases obviates the need for iteration in the design process, which is inherent in displacement-focused force-based seismic design. It is shown that the influence of hysteretic characteristics has been underestimated in recent force-based studies. These assertions are supported by results of recent analytical studies, which have included refinement of ductility/equivalent-viscous damping relationships, and an examination of the important (and largely ignored) role of "elastic" damping in inelastic time-history analyses.
CARES/LIFE Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures Life Prediction Program

This manual describes the Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures Life Prediction (CARES/LIFE) computer program. The program calculates the time-dependent reliability of monolithic ceramic components subjected to thermomechanical and/or proof test loading. CARES/LIFE is an extension of the CARES (Ceramic Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures) computer program. The program uses results from MSC/NASTRAN, ABAQUS, and ANSYS finite element analysis programs to evaluate component reliability due to inherent surface and/or volume type flaws. CARES/LIFE accounts for the phenomenon of subcritical crack growth (SCG) by utilizing the power law, Paris law, or Walker law. The two-parameter Weibull cumulative distribution function is used to characterize the variation in component strength. The effects of multiaxial stresses are modeled by using either the principle of independent action (PIA), the Weibull normal stress averaging method (NSA), or the Batdorf theory. Inert strength and fatigue parameters are estimated from rupture strength data of naturally flawed specimens loaded in static, dynamic, or cyclic fatigue. The probabilistic time-dependent theories used in CARES/LIFE, along with the input and output for CARES/LIFE, are described. Example problems to demonstrate various features of the program are also included.
Preservice Teachers’ Conceptualizations of Agricultural Mechanics

Agricultural mechanics laboratories are frequently available for use within school-based agricultural education (SBAE) settings. Moreover, agricultural mechanics instruction is quite common and can include a wide range of subject matter. Preservice teachers are frequently concerned about teaching agricultural mechanics, sometimes due to negative or no experiences in the subject. We sought to describe how preservice teachers, many of whom had limited experience in agricultural mechanics, conceptualized agricultural mechanics at the beginning and end of a teacher education-focused agricultural mechanics course. Conceptually framing our study using Boud et al.’s (1985) model of reflection, we used a qualitative research design to collect data from 17 preservice teachers. Two themes and four sub-themes were identified through our data analysis process. We found preservice teachers’ conceptualizations of agricultural mechanics were positively impacted as a result of a semester-long course. We recommend SBAE stakeholders continue to engage preservice teachers in high-quality agricultural mechanics-related experiences to better prepare the next generation of teachers to create opportunities for their students.
About the Authors

Lauren STAGNOL Quantitative Research lauren.stagnol@amundi.com Marc-Ali BEN ABDALLAH Smart Beta & Factor Investing marc-ali.benabdallah@ amundi.com Patrick HERFROY Smart Beta & Factor Investing patrick.herfroy@amundi.com In this paper, we intend to gain an understanding of the drivers of stock convexity, also known as gamma. First, using a bottom-up – firm-level – approach, we showcase that stock fundamentals, in particular metrics related to value (captured by the price-to-book ratio) and historical volatility, allow us to efficiently discriminate between convex and concave stocks. Building on this result, we investigate the ties between the gamma premium and traditional risk factors. Second, we adopt a top-down – macroeconomic driven – framework, to understand which economic environment is the most favorable to convexity: we highlight the importance of the short-term interest rate, the VIX, but also oil price dynamics in a univariate cointegrating vector. These variables share long-term relationships. We then evaluate the ability of different models to forecast future convexity premium dynamics. Finally, we seek to employ these signals in the design of a systematic long convexity strategy and show that it leads to significantly improved risk-adjusted returns compared to a capitalization-weighted benchmark, especially in turbulent markets. Convexity exposure appears particularly relevant in a context of monetary policy normalization.
Power system dynamics : stability and control

INTRODUCTION: Basic Concepts Review of Classical Methods of Analysis SYSTEM MODELLING AND DYNAMICS OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR: Modelling of Synchronous Machine Excitation and Prime Mover Controllers Transmission Lines, Static VAR Compensators and Loads Dynamics of Synchronous Generator Connected to Infinite Bus SMALL SIGNAL STABILITY ANALYSIS (Low Frequency Oscillations): Analysis of Single Machine System Power System Stabilizer Analysis of Mulitmachine System SMALL SIGNAL STABILITY ANALYSIS (Subsynchronous Frequency Oscillations): Analysis of Subsynchronous Resonance Countermeasure to SSR TRANSIENT STABILITY ANALYSIS: Simulation for Study of Transient Stability Application of Energy Function Methods Transient Stability Controllers Appendix A: Introduction to Voltage Stability Appendix B: Numerical Integration Appendix C: Data of 10 Generator System Appendix D: List of Problems.
Pengaruh Kemampuan Manajerial dan Lingkungan Industri terhadap Kemampuan Organisasi, Strategi Bersaing, dan Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi pada Industri Kecil Meubel Kayu di Sulawesi Tenggara)

Abstract: The objective of research is to measure and to analyze the effect of managerial ability and industrial environment on organizational capability, competitive strategy and company performance. Research is conducted at wood furniture small industry at Southeast Sulawesi with the sample of 143 managers/ owners of company as the respondent. Research analysis tool is Partial Least Square (PLS). Result of research indicates that the managerial ability has positive and significant effect on organizational capability, competitive strategy, and company performance. Industrial environment has negative and significant effect on organizational capability and company performance.Industrial environment has negative and nonsignificant effect on competitive strategy.The organizational capability has positive and significant effect on competitive strategy and company performance. The competitive strategy has positive effect on company performance. Keywords: managerial ability, industrial environment, organizational capability, competitive strategy, and company performance
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis on Potential Resource of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria at Wheat Monocrop Production Districts of Bale,Ethiopia

Wheat monocrop production system at south eastern highlands of Ethiopia is a threat to productivity and adoption of high value highland pulses such as Faba bean which are the most important pulse crop in Ethiopia. Thirty faba bean nodulating isolates trapped from soil collected from twenty eight locations of Bale zone were characterized for possible diversity.For these purposes numerical taxonomy by multivariate cluster analysis based on physiological characteristics was used and according to which entire test isolates were grouped . Dendrogram constructed from cluster analysis of 56 phenotypic traits, grouped them into three clusters and one un-clustered positions at 53% relative similarity. Cluster III contained 58% of the test isolates that were grouped together with the reference strains Rhizobium leguminosarum (FBEAL-110), suggesting that besides to cmmonly nodulated on the study area were also phenotypically diverse. Furthermore, the result indicates the existence of strains in the collection, which can tolerate environmental stresses, thus can be developed into inoculant for highland pulses’ inoculation and production in Ethiopia and beyond.
Numerically Simulated Water Movement in Reclaimed Multi-Layered Soil Backfilled with Yellow River Sediments

The Yellow River interlayer filling reclamation technology can effectively improve the quality of destroyed cultivated land in the condition of limited soil resources. However, it is a conundrum to choose the appropriate sandwich strategy according to the amount of soil that can be backfilled. This study using the Hydrus-1D model to simulate water movement in reclaimed multiple-layered soils were to understand the mechanism of interlayer, and predict the optimal profile for reclaimed with Yellow River sediments. Simulations were performed on 18 soil profiles that were divided into a control check (CK) and two general scenarios that the total thickness of soil were 50 and 60 cm. Treatments in both scenarios exhibited interaction of different positions and thicknesses of soil interlayer. Results showed that removing part of the subsoil overlying the sediment placed it between sediment layers will improve the infiltration character of the conventional reconstructed soil profiles (T50-0 and T60-0). Moreover, changing the thickness of the interlayers affected infiltration character and soil water-holding capacity more than changes in the position of the layers for same total thickness of native soil. The optimal reconstructed soil profiles for scenarios 1 and 2 were T50-6 (interlayer thickness of 20 cm and located at a position of 30 cm) and T60-9 (interlayer thickness of 30 cm and located at a position of 30 cm), which could have a better infiltration character that were more closed to the native farmland.
Recommendations for the Connection Between Full-Depth Precast Bridge Deck Panel Systems and Precast I-Beams

Precast bridge deck panels can be used in place of a cast-in-place concrete deck to reduce bridge closure times for deck replacements or new bridge construction. The panels are prefabricated at a precasting plant providing optimal casting and curing conditions, which should result in highly durable decks. Precast panels can be either full-depth or partial-depth. Partial-depth panels act as a stay-in-place form for a cast-in-place concrete topping. This study investigated only the behavior of full-depth precast panels. The research described in this report had two primary objectives. The first was to develop a performance specification for the grout that fills the haunch between the top of the beam and the bottom of the deck panel, as well as the horizontal shear connector pockets and the panel-to-panel joints. Tests were performed using standard or modified ASTM tests to determine basic material properties on eight types of grout. The grouts were also used in tests that approximated the conditions in a deck panel system. Based on these tests, requirements for shrinkage, compressive strength, and flow were established for the grouts. It was more difficult to establish a test method and an acceptable performance level for adhesion, an important property for the strength and durability of the deck panel system. The second objective was to quantify the horizontal shear strength of the connection between the deck panel and the prestressed concrete beams. This portion of the research also investigated innovative methods of creating the connection. Push-off tests were conducted using several types of grout and a variety of connections. These tests were used to develop equations for the horizontal shear strength of the details. Two promising alternate connections, the hidden pocket detail and the shear stud detail, were tested for constructability and strength. The final outcome of this study was a set of recommendations for the design, detailing, and construction of the connection between full-depth precast deck panels and prestressed concrete I-beams. If designed and constructed properly, the deck panel system is an excellent option when rapid bridge deck construction or replacement is required.
Measuring target acquisition utilizing Madentec's Tracker system in individuals with Cerebral Palsy 1

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact on performance of repeated trials of the Tracker system in a series of target acquisition tasks for persons with cerebral palsy (CP). Twelve persons with CP participated in the single case experimental study. Data were collected on their time to target, time to select, and distance moved to targets of increasingly smaller size across four, once weekly sessions of one hour length. Time and distance were measured using the software programs Speaking Dynamically Pro and Mouse Offroad. Nine of the 12 participants were able to achieve a smaller target at the end of the session compared to the initial target size of 2.5 inches square. Results across sessions for targets of the same size indicated that six participants reduced their times to target and seven reduced the distance moved to acquire the target. However, only two participants showed a decrease in their time to select scores. The findings are discussed in terms of the application of the Tracker One system for individuals with CP.