Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Journal of Current Research in

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, has become one of the most destructive diseases in the world’s wheat growing areas, especially in the humid and semi humid regions. F. graminearum results in yield and quality reduction and accumulation of mycotoxins. Nine winter wheat cultivars widely grown in Denmark or Iraq have been evaluated for FHB resistance during 2014/2015. The evaluation was made by means of artificial inoculations with F. graminearum under greenhouse conditions. Two inoculation methods were used Injection method, detect type II resistance by injecting fusarium conidia into individual florets and detect resistance to initial infection type I resistance by Spraying Fusarium conidia on the spikes. More precise data relating the effects of FHB on yield have been obtained using inoculated trials. Based on these data, there was no significant difference between syringe inoculation and spray inoculation (p<0.0001), whereas a significant differences between cultivars and method of inoculation on cultivars, Eiba99 and Rabiea which were assessed as resistant, and the cultivars, Skalmeje, Ritmo, Sham6, Aras, Mariboss, Eiba95 and Hereford as susceptible to FHB. Response to FHB was assessed by the percentage of visually infected spikelets and head weight relative to the non-inoculated (control). In the resistant cultivars, both the total grain yield and some of the yield elements (spike weight, grain /spike and 1000 kernel weight) were significantly less affected by FHB than in susceptible cultivars. Furthermore, the yield components (spike weight, grain number /spike, grain weight/spike, TKW) were significantly and negatively affected by artificial inoculation with FHB in all nine tested wheat cultivars. On the basis of experimental results it is concluded that artificial inoculation with F. graminearum could provide additional information about selection of both resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars. Accepted: 17 January 2017 Available Online: 06 February 2017
Financial Knowledge of Hungarian High School Students

: This research paper examines the financial knowledge of Hungarian high-school students. A survey of 501 student was conducted on their general financial knowledge, attitudes, and self-awareness. It can be stated that there are large gaps in the financial knowledge of high school students, also in matters that are necessary for everyday life. Based on the survey, it can be stated that students cannot gage their financial knowledge appropriately. It can also be said that the number of diplomas found in the family, does not influence what kind of relationship the student develops with money, or how much they know about it. It has also been proven that, in accordance with international examples, that boys achieve better results on average than their female peers.
Making Something Out of Nothing: Monte Carlo Graph Search in Sparse Reward Environments

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has proven to be a staple method in Game Artificial Intelligence for creating agents that can perform well in complex environments without requiring domain-specific knowledge. The main downside of this planning based algorithm is the high computational bud-get needed to recommend an action. The fundamental cause of this is a vast search space caused by a high branching factor, and the difficulty to create a good heuristic function to guide the search without leveraging domain-specific knowledge. Recent advances in the field proposed a new planning based method called Monte Carlo Graph Search (MCGS), which uses a graph instead of a tree to plan its next action, reducing the branching factor and consequently increasing the performance of the search. In this paper, we propose several modifications that optimize the performance by increasing the sample efficiency of MCGS. The use of frontier for node selection, improving the rollout phase by doing stored rollouts, and a generalized approach to guide the search by incorporating a domain-independent online novelty detection method. Together these enhancements enable MCGS to solve sparse reward environments while using a significantly lower computational budget than MCTS.
Herbal Therapy in Pregnancy-What to Expect when you Expect?

The use of herbal therapy in pregnancy is common for pregnancy related nausea, vomiting, gestational diabetes, anxiety, insomnia, and preparation for labor, as well as for treating infections. Many conventional drugs may interfere with fetal development and herbal products are considered to be safe. However, herbal therapy requires competent healthcare professional advice before prescribing. Knowledge about the possible adverse effects of active compounds of the herbs on pregnancy outcome is limited. Interference of herbal ingredients with conventional medication or the ailment should also not be excluded. For many herbal products, the pharmacological effect is not clinically proven, and the safe usage in pregnancy is not guaranteed. Here, based on published clinical trials, an overview is given of the efficacy and safety for fetal development and pregnancy outcome of the most frequently used herbs: ginger, cranberry, echinacea, mint, chamomile, valerian, flaxseed, tea and raspberry leaf.
Study on content of flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the raw materials of Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.

The aim of this work was to determine the component composition and quantitative content of flavonoids, including catechins, in the leaves, shoots and fruits of Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. ) for further standardization of raw materials and establishing antioxidant activity of their water-ethanol extracts. Materials and methods. The leaves, shoots of Parthenocissus quinquefolia were collected during the phase of mass flowering in July 2020 and fruits were collected during full ripeness (September – October 2020) in Lisnyky village of Obukhiv district of Kyiv Oblast (Ukraine). Determination of the component composition and quantitative content of flavonoids, including catechins, was carried out by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an Agilent Technologies 1200 liquid chromatograph. Identification and quantitative analysis were carried out using standard solutions of flavonoids (rutin, quercetin-3-b-glycoside, naringin, neohesperidin, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin) and catechins (pyrocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate and halocatechin). Antioxidant activity was determined by the spectrophotometric method at 347 nm by the ability to inhibit the autooxidation of adrenaline in vitro.Results. As a result of the study, 9 phenolic compounds were identified: rutin, quercetin, quercetin-3-b-glycoside, naringin, epicatechin, catechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin gallate. It was determined that rutin, quercetin, epicatechin, and catechin predominate in the leaves, shoots, and fruits of Virginia creeper.It was established that the extracts of leaves with shoots and fruits of Virginia creeper show a pronounced antioxidant activity due to their ability to inhibit autooxidation of adrenaline in vitro.Conclusions. The high content of rutin, quercetin, epicatechin and catechin in the leaves, shoots and fruits of Virginia creeper has scientific interest, due to discovered compounds have a valuable pharmacological effect. The obtained results can be used for the standardization of raw materials of Virginia creeper, and differences in the quantitative content of halocatechin in different types of raw materials, as well as the presence of naringin in leaves and shoots and luteolin in the fruits of Virginia creeper as diagnostic features of this species raw material.The results of the study of antioxidant activity confirm the prospects of using this raw material for the creation of new drugs with antioxidant activity
Nanomedicine for Ocular Drug Delivery

The eyes are one of the most important and complex sensory organs of the body. They act as a gateway to collect external images and transmit them to the brain as signals through the optic nerve. Genetic or acquired disorders in different compartments of the eye lead to various ocular diseases that can cause mild to severe symptoms from burning and itching, to visual impairment or even blindness. So far, pharmaceutical interventions for ocular diseases have demonstrated rather limited ef ﬁ cacy, mostly due to dif ﬁ culties for drugs to cross the physiological and biological barriers of the eye. Nanotechnology provides new opportunities for the development of drug delivery systems particularly adapted to overcoming the eye-associated barriers. To date, a number of nanomedicine formulations, such as nanomicelles, liposomes, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanogels, have demonstrated the capacity of reducing the degradation of labile drugs and increasing the residence time and bioavailability of drugs in various ocular tissues. This chapter introduces these commonly studied nanomedicine formulations for treating various ocular diseases, including dry eye, cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Emerging toxicological studies about nanoparticle interactions with the ocular surface and tissues are also brie ﬂ y discussed.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Produced by Osteoclasts Might Induce Intractable Pain in a Rat Spinal Metastasis Model of Breast Cancer

Introduction Causes of pain due to spinal metastases have been insufficiently investigated. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were the focus of this study. Both are known as proinflammatory cytokines associated with the pathophysiology of pain syndromes1 ). It is well known that cancer cells produce these cytokines, but whether osteoclasts produce them as well remains unclear. We hypothesize that osteoclasts produce these cytokines; in other words, pain from spinal metastasis is stronger than pain from the primary tumor. Methods We made a rat spinal metastasis model of breast cancer (metastasis group) and models with a hole in the vertebrae (puncture group) and resected the vertebrae. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed to reconfirm that osteoclasts increase in vertebrae with spinal metastasis. We then evaluated TNF-α and IL-6 expression using immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The results of TRAP staining showed that osteoclasts increase in metastatic vertebrae. The osteoclasts in the puncture models were TNF-α negative but were TNF-α positive in the metastasis model. The osteoclasts in the puncture models and metastasis model were both IL-6 positive. According to the real-time PCR results, TNF-α in vertebrae increased in the metastasis model, but IL-6 did not increase in the metastasis model compared with in the puncture model. Conclusions The number of osteoclasts is higher in the metastasis model. While TNF in the osteoclasts increased in the spinal metastasis model, IL-6 did not. This probably means that breast cancer affects TNF production in osteoclasts. This increase of TNF-α may lead to pain from spinal metastasis.
Three dimensional gully mapping and erosion quantification within a geoinformatics framework

The contribution of gully erosion to total soil loss has been much debated amongst geomorphologists and hydrologists. However, there is growing evidence that gullies are a major contributing source of sediment in river systems. The study area for this thesis, the Fergusson River catchment; a sub-catchment of the Daly River, Northern Australia, is no exception. This thesis presents and uses a Geoinformatics based framework for three dimensional (3D) gully mapping that focuses on the spatio-temporal analysis and quantification of gully erosion. The framework incorporates traditional and cutting edge spatial data and technology, namely Cartosat-1 stereo imagery, topographic maps, a 1_second Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission, Digital Elevation Model, historical stereo aerial photos, and Differential Global Positioning System measurements and thematic layers representing the physical and human environment. The framework is used to create Digital Surface Models (DSM) from the 2008 Cartosat-1 stereo imagery and 1948 stereo aerial photographs. Gullies are identified based on 3D visualization of these images and their 3D properties mapped from the DSMs. Four classes of gullies were identified in the study area based upon their spatial distribution in the catchment, morphology and inferred underlying erosion processes; amphitheatre gullies, gullied slumps, bank gullies and ‘other gullies’. Sapping is the primary erosion process for gullying. Volumetric changes in gully erosion between 2008 and 1948 have been measured and the specific yield of gully erosion is determined to be 6.1x103 t km-2 yr-1. A regional and global comparison of the estimated specific sediment yield indicates that it is globally among the highest. Gully control factors are examined and causes of gully initiation and development have been described. The results show that alluvial soils are most prone to gullying but heterogeneity in gully distribution and form indicates that other factors are likely to affect gully formation and development in the catchment.
AUTOMATED EVAPOTRANSPIRATION: a systematic review and meta-analysis

: Given the scarcity of water resources that has been worsening over time and the high consumption of these resources by agribusiness, there is a need for studies that can manage such action in a sustainable way, providing food security for the present and future world population. Background: with the topic: What is the systemic view of automated models and techniques for determining or estimating transpiration, evaporation or evapotranspiration for plantations? Objectives: to identify in recent literature what researchers and scientists have disclosed about automation methods for supervision, with a focus on estimating evapotranspiration. identify methods, models and techniques for inferring evapotranspiration. Methods: A methodology based on exploratory theoretical testing with qualitative and quantitative characteristics through Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of data. Results: Using specific software and methods, simulation studies with experimental data make it possible to calibrate efficient models to estimate evapotranspiration, but low-cost methods still have little adherence.
A Meta-Analysis Investigation of the Impact of Probiotics on Mitigating Inflammatory Responses in Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease is primarily driven by pathogenic bacteria in dental plaque and the body’s immune response to these bacteria. The immune response due to bacterial infection will leads to progressive pro-inflammatory activity in the affected tissue and systemic effect on the body. Probiotic bacteria were reported can immunomodulate and regulate the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune pathways, thus reducing the overall inflammatory response. This meta-analysis study aims to assess the potential of probiotic bacteria to reduce the magnitude of the inflammatory response, especially in the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed were used to search keywords such as "effect of probiotic on the inflammatory response of periodontal disease,” "probiotic role in periodontal disease," and "effect of probiotic in cytokine level of periodontal disease " were used during the literature search. The articles were searched from related articles from the year 2010 until 2021. Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials were included in the study, whereby the concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α were chosen as the primary outcome variables. Research involving patients or subjects with systemic disease, cancer, or immunocompromised conditions was excluded. This is because the condition or disease can interfere with the study as the subjects are more susceptible to infections. Independent screening resulted in four eligible publications being included in the meta-analysis. However, the overall mean difference for the concentration of IL-1β (MD: - 0.32; 95% CI: -1.88, 1.25; P = 0.69) and TNF-α (MD: 0; 95% CI: -0.20, 0.20; P= 0.98) did not show any statistical significance difference between probiotic and placebo groups. Therefore, the study results demonstrated weak evidence to support the usage of probiotics in reducing the magnitude of inflammatory response in patients with periodontal disease. Smaller sample sizes and limited available data may contribute to this conclusion. Hence, future randomized controlled clinical trials with larger sample sizes and a longer intervention period must be considered to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in periodontal disease.
Cardiovascular Topics Association between Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine and myocardial infarction: clinical and angiographic insights

Objective: With the widespread administration of the BioNTech mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine, there is a need to evaluate its potential effects on cardiovascular health, particularly its association with myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BioNTech vaccination and MI, as well as its impact on clinical and angiographic parameters. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted at the Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir City Hospital, between April 2020 and May 2023 on a cohort of 1 151 patients hospitalised with MI. The patients were stratified into a BioNTech + (vaccinated) and a BioNTech– (unvaccinated) groups. Medical records were reviewed for demographic information, clinical data and angiographic findings. Statistical analyses were performed, including logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The BioNTech– group had a higher mean number of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures and stents compared to the BioNTech + group. Haematological parameters and lipid profiles showed some discrepancies between the two groups. The BioNTech– group had higher white blood cell and platelet counts, while also exhibiting a higher mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. The prevalence of co-morbidities and cardiovascular risk factors differed between the groups. Conclusion: This study found associations between the BioNTech vaccination and clinical and angiographic parameters in patients with MI.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Altered social cognition is a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). These impairments have been explained as the consequence of compromised social motivational mechanisms that limit social interest and activate a cascade of social de ﬁ cits. Following this rational, we argue that approaches capable of surpassing ASD usual restraints (e.g., de ﬁ cits in verbal abilities), and able to assign social meaning, could be more e ﬀ ective at responding to these di ﬃ culties. In this framework, we propose that olfaction, as well as cross-modal integration strategies involving both visual and olfactory domains, may have such potential. In fact, most of socioemotional processing de ﬁ cits in ASD have been shown in an uni-modal perspective, mainly with visual stimuli. However, the social environment involves other modalities and is typically multisensorial. Given the potential of olfaction as a gateway for socioemotional information in ASD, we argue in favor of studying olfactory perception, as well as visuo-olfactory integration, given the potential of these approaches to drive e ﬀ ective interventions and give the access to a meaningful social world in ASD.
Global Indirect Radiative Forcing Caused by Aerosols: IPCC (2007) and Beyond

Anthropogenic aerosols are thought to exert a significant indirect radiative forcing because they act as cloud condensation nuclei in warm cloud-forming processes and ice nuclei in cold cloud-forming processes. Although many of the processes associated with the perturbation of cloud microphysics by anthropogenic aerosols were discussed, IPCC (2007) provided only an estimate of full quantification of the radiative forcing attributable to the first indirect effect (which they referred to as the cloud albedo effect). Here we explain that this approach is necessary if one is to compare the radiative forcing from the indirect effect of aerosols with those from other radiative forcing components such as that from changes in well-mixed greenhouse gases. We also highlight the problems in assessing the effect of anthropogenic aerosols upon clouds under the strict definitions of radiative forcing provided by the IPCC (2007). Although results from global climate models, at their current state of development, suggest that an analysis of indirect aerosol effects in terms of forcing and feedback is possible, a key rationale for the IPCC's definition of radiative forcing, a straightforward scaling between an agent's forcing and the temperature change it induces, is significantly compromised. Feedbacks from other radiative forcings are responses to radiative perturbations, whereas feedbacks from indirect aerosol effects are responses to both radiative and cloud microphysical perturbations. This inherent difference in forcing mechanism breaks down the consistency between forcing and temperature response. It is likely that additional characterization, such as climate efficacy, will be required when comparing indirect aerosol effects with other radiative forcings. We suggest using the radiative flux perturbation associated with a change from preindustrial to present-day co mposition, calculated in a global climate model using fixed sea surface temperature and sea ice, as a supplement to IPCC forcing
and Rehabilitation

Recent development of exercise-tests assessing the balance of substrates used for oxidation at exercise evidences various profiles among various populations, and training appears to influence these parameters. This study aimed at comparing se - lected groups of subjects submitted to different well-defined training protocols. We investigated the balance of substrates oxidized at exercise in 90 athletes submitted to different train - ing protocols (28 cyclists, 32 soccer players, 19 male rugby players, 11 rugby women, compared to 41 controls) during an exercise-test consisting of five six-minute steady-state work - loads designed for measuring carbohydrate and fat oxidation with indirect calorimetry. The power at which lipid oxidation reached a maximum expressed as a percentage of VO2max capacity ranked as follows: cyclists (59.5 ± 2.8) > female rugby players (45.1 ± 4.0) > male rugby players (39.5 ± 6.5) > female controls (39.6 ± 3.7) > male controls (32.5 ± 4.5) > soccer play - ers (17.9 ± 2.0). Thus, beside the expected picture of athletes oxidizing higher quantities of lipids than controls (cyclists and male rugby players had a high ability to oxidize lipids), we evi - dence here, in a sample of soccer players, an opposite pattern of “early glucodependence”.
Wildfire, mammals and their habitats in a fire-prone forest ecosystem

I studied how mammals responded to the 2009 Black Saturday wildfire. Two years post-fire, I found that mammal species were distributed across the wildfire area, and were not relying on unburnt refuges or gullies for survival. Variation in fire severity did influence several species, which provides valuable insights for management.