Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mixed Oligopoly and Market Power Mitigation: Evidence from the Colombian Wholesale Electricity Market*

Using information on price bids in wholesale electricity pools and empirical techniques described in the literature on electricity markets, this study identifies the market power mitigation effect of public firms in the Colombian market. The results suggest that while private firms exercise less market power than is predicted by a profit-maximization model, there are marked differences between private and public firms in their exercise of unilateral market power. These findings support the hypothesis of the market power mitigation effect of public firms. JEL classification: L13, L94, C10.
Kinematics of Crossing Twins

Twins are commonly observed in crystalline solids that undergo martensitic phase transformation. In many materials the twins are also seen to cross each other. This is surprising in view of the severe kinematic restrictions that such crossings impose. This paper presents a sufficient condition for satisfying these restrictions. It turns out that this condition is automatically satisfied as a consequence of material symmetry in many common martensitic materials. This explains the common observation of crossing twins. The result is also applied to the magnetostrictive material Terfenol.
The Dual Energetic State of Living Organisms: Life. death and restitution

Our initial study demonstrated the release of a replicate cell from a dwarf form of Stentor coeurleus that had undergone apoptosis, i.e., programmed cell death. The replicate separated from the moribund cell and faded into the ambient environment. In the present series of experiments actively mobile, transparent, dwarf cells and algae fragments were returned from the ambient state into sealed deep well slides containing cell free protozoa medium. Ancillary experiments provided evidence that these cells displayed electromagnetic energy. Further observation over several days showed a progressive transformation of the dwarf cell by accruing inclusions to a senescent state and eventual encysted state. We hypothesize that these unicellular cells and algae fragment consisted of metabolic and electromagnetic energetic forms that can be separated at the life/death interface and returned from the ambient environment by electromagnetic energy. Restitution of the metabolic form and senescent is the final process.
Prospective Biology Teachers’ View towards Theory of Evolution: A Case Study at Islamic University in Indonesia

This study was to investigate prospective biology teachers' views towards the theory of evolution at Islamic university. This study was concerned to investigate the quality of the instruments, the profile of literacy, attitudes, and religiosity of PBTs-IU, and the relationship between literacy and attitude towards the theory of evolution with religiosity. An explanatory mixed method was conducted by using a quantitative survey and in-depth interviews. A total of 153 (16 males and 137 females) from 185 prospective biology teachers at Islamic University (PBTs-IU) participated in filling out the questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha tests have been conducted to examine the quality of the instrument. PBTs-IU profiles were analyzed by descriptive statistical test, and a correlation test was used to determine the relationship between variables. Furthermore, triangulation was chosen to analyze the results of the interviews. The results of this study showed that the instruments used are valid and reliable, the profile of literacy, attitudes, and religiosity of PBTs-IU was high level, and there was a positive and significant relationship at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels between literacy and religiosity and attitudes and religiosity. These findings concluded that PBTs-IU have good knowledge of the theory of evolution, and PBTs-IU also have strong religious beliefs.
On zero-free regions for the derivative of a polynomial

Let Pn denote the set of all polynomials of the form p(z) =z∏ n-1 j=1 (z-z j ) with |z j |≥1, 1≤ j≤ n-1. In this paper we shall obtain some zero-free regions for the derivative of a polynomial. BIBECHANA 14 (2017) 48-53
Impact of demographic variables on occupational stress among female bank employees

Stress has been defined as a psychological response to the demand intrinsic in a stressor that has the influence to make an individual feel agitated or anxious. It is a disparity between demand and response as one feels incapable of managing these demands. The current study attempts to examine impact of demographic variables on occupational stress among female bank employees. To achieve the objectives of the present investigation, a set of purposive sample was drawn from Kashmir valley. The results of the study revealed that married employees and employees belonging to joint families experience more occupational stress. With respect to age and educational status of employees results inferred that employees under age group of 20-30 years and above P.G employees experience more occupational stress. With respect to income status and job experience of employees findings inferred that employees having ≤ ₹ 20,000 /month and employees having below two years of job experience encounter more occupational stress. With respect to annual family income of employees results reveal that employees having below ₹ 6 lacs as their annual family income experience more occupational stress.
EFL Teachers’ Perception Self-Directed Professional Development Toward Oral Language Maintenance

This case study presents an EFL teacher's perception of self-directed professional development aimed to maintain and enhance her oral language proficiency to support her professional growth. Semi-structured interviews were used as the primary guides to extract information concerning EFL teachers' self-directed professional development (PD) activities associated with the maintenance and enhancement of oral language proficiency. The participant of this study was an EFL teacher who experienced oral language attrition and has motivation to maintain her oral language proficiency. Data were analyzed descriptively to result in EFL teacher perceptions of self-directed PD activities that demonstrates a positive attitude towards improving and maintaining her oral language skills as an integral aspect of her professionalism. The result indicated that self-directed professional development activities had a significant impact on the participants' recognition of the importance of maintaining oral language skills. These activities also emphasized the need to continuously improve and enhance their oral language proficiency, highlighting the benefits it brings to both teaching and learning. One specific example mentioned was the participant's engagement in self-directed PD activities using Netflix series, which proved to be highly beneficial for improving linguistic features. These efforts contribute to her long-life growth as a language teacher, enabling her to provide effective language instruction and create an engaging learning environment for her students. The study highlights the importance of self-directed professional development in supporting EFL teachers' language maintenance and the positive impact it has on their professionalism.
A New Approach for Explaining and Treating Dry Sockets: A Pilot Retrospective Study

Objective Dry socket, a common complication following a tooth extraction, is characterized by severe and radiating pain that typically begins one to four days after the extraction. Despite several risk factors, the exact cause and underlying mechanisms of dry sockets remain unclear. This study aims to propose a novel pathogenesis and management approach for dry sockets based on an infectious process. Methods The study was conducted by reviewing medical records, at a private dental clinic, of patients who fit the inclusion criteria; these patients appeared to have come between April 2022 and April 2023. The study included all patients with age ≥17 years diagnosed with dry socket that was resistant to conventional topical treatment, and who received treatment with ciprofloxacin 500 mg three times per day during the study period. Results Out of 15 patients who received treatment with ciprofloxacin 500 mg three times per day during the study period, 11 patients (73.3%) were completely relieved of symptoms within 24 hours, with no need for additional painkillers or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In addition, two patients (13.3%) had a partial response after 48 hours, where their pain was ameliorated from severe to moderate with the use of conventional painkillers (including paracetamol and NSAIDs) and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as dexamethasone (8 mg IM daily) to have total relief. On the other hand, the other two patients (13.3%) had a negative response to the treatment and were out of reach for follow-up. Conclusion These clinical outcomes, coupled with previous laboratory data, could explain all clinical aspects of dry sockets and provide substantial support for the hypothesis that an infectious mechanism plays the principal role in the pathophysiology of dry sockets.
Study on Variability and Spectral Properties of Blazar 3C 273 with Long-term Multi-band Optical Monitoring from 2006 to 2015

We present long-term optical multi-band photometric monitoring of blazar 3C 273, from 2006 May 19 to 2015 March 31 with high temporal resolution in the BVRI bands. The source is in a steady state and showed very small variability, with the values of the fractional variability amplitude of F var = 0.457 ± 0.014 % , 0.391 ± 0.012 % , 0.264 ± 0.043 % and 0.460 ± 0.014 % in B, V, R and I, respectively. The intra-night point-to-point fractional variability (Fpp) in each band is below 1.0%, and the Fpp variation amplitude increase from the B-band to the I-band. We find a variability with the timescale of 5.8 ± 2.9 minutes in the I-band on 2009 March 11. This fast variability requires the comoving magnetic field strength in the jet above 18 G with a Doppler factor δ D ∼ 10 . Using the discrete correlation function (DCF), the B- and I-band light curves are examined for correlation on whole campaign. Low significance (∼99.73 percent confidence) correlations with the I-band lags the B-band variations are observed. The spectral behaviors in the different variability episodes are studied. “Bluer-when-brighter” spectral behavior is presented for the whole campaign, while there is an opposite tendency when F V > 30.2 mJy . The weak of the correlation between B- and I-band and the spectrum analysis indicate that the optical radiation consists of two variable components.
Clinical simulation in health education: a systematic review

Abstract Objective: To summarize the most recent scientific evidence on the usefulness and implementation of simulation training programs for health science students. Methods: A search and systematic review were conducted of the literature through the use of the PRISMA guidelines using the terms MESH Simulation AND healthcare AND Professional Training, including 42 articles. Results: The bibliometric analysis revealed that most of the studies were local in nature, that is, conducted in a single center, or in a few centers in the same region, from the English-speaking world, and using a mixed methodology with pre/post-test measurements. As for the educational aspects, most of the studies were conducted at universities or in the area of continuous education, used multidisciplinary teams as the student target, and used role-playing games as the simulation method. Also, these programs were especially successful in the acquisition of competencies, such as teamwork, communication, and trust. Conclusion: Clinical simulation is a teaching methodology implemented in the last twenty years, mainly in English-speaking countries; it utilizes techniques for its execution and assessment that have been validated in contrasted in many scientific studies, and lastly, it was also observed that it is useful for providing training on general competencies for multidisciplinary groups.
The brain–esophagus axis in subjects with and without obesity assessed by esophageal acid perfusion and functional brain imaging

Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has a complex pathophysiology and a heterogeneous symptom profile. The brain–esophageal axis in GERD has been studied with functional brain imaging during the last decades, but data from obese patients was just recently reported. A comparison of such a group with non-obese subjects is lacking in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate heartburn perception and brain connectivity responses during esophageal acid stimulation in subjects with and without obesity, controlling for the presence of typical reflux symptoms. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 25 patients with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) and 46 subjects without obesity underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain with esophageal water and acid perfusion. The fMRI paradigm and connectivity were assessed. Results About two-thirds of the participants had reflux symptoms. Heartburn perception during fMRI did not differ between subjects with and without obesity. The presence of reflux symptoms was associated with lower activation in frontal brain regions during acid perfusion compared to water perfusion. Compared to subjects without obesity, patients with obesity presented significantly lower connectivity within the anterior salience network. Corrected clusters included left caudate, left putamen and left anterior cingulate gyrus. Conclusions The brain–esophagus axis showed differences between subjects with and without obesity. Even without symptomatic differences following esophageal acid perfusion, patients with reflux symptoms showed less brain activation in frontal areas, while obese individuals presented lower connectivity within the anterior salience network.
Curcumin-zinc framework encapsulated microneedle patch for promoting hair growth

Hair loss is a growing esthetic condition driven by complex mechanisms that has numerous psycho-social implications. Conventional drug applications usually focus on a single treatment target, and the penetration depth restricts the post-delivery effect. Method: We fabricated a curcumin-zinc framework (ZnMOF) encapsulated gamma-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) microneedle patch (ZnMOF-MN) as a multifunctional biosafe transdermal drug delivery system. ZnMOF was characterized with the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), elemental mapping, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The topographical and hygroscopic features of ZnMOF-MN were characterized with SEM. The in vitro ZnMOF release profile and the in vivo penetration of ZnMOF-MN were also evaluated. The anti-oxidant, anti-apoptosis, and antiandrogen effects of ZnMOF solution and ZnMOF-MN extract were studied on mouse dermal papilla cells (DPCs). Two animal models (in C57BL/6 mice), including androgenic alopecia (AGA) model and wound healing model, were used to identify the therapeutic effect of ZnMOF-MN on hair regrowth and wound healing in vivo. Hair follicles, surrounding vessels (CD31+), and proliferating cells (Ki67+) were evaluated by histological staining. Results: ZnMOF crystals were cone-shaped nanoparticles with a size distribution of 424.9 ± 59.01 nm. ZnMOF-MN patch can create temporary holes in the skin to directly and evenly deliver bioactive ZnMOF particles to the targeted depth and achieve a steady and sustained release of Zn2+ and curcumin. In vitro, ZnMOF significantly improved the viability of DPCs against the excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited the apoptosis induced by zinc deficiency. In addition, it also reversed the inhibitory effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) infiltration. Moreover, the ZnMOF-MN treatment has been proved to accelerate wound healing and increase hair follicles in wound healing models, and improved the hair regrowth in AGA animal models. Enhanced capillary density and cell proliferation observed in the CD31+ and Ki67+ staining of ZnMOF-MN group in both animal models also suggested that ZnMOF can facilitate angiogenesis and promote cell proliferation in the skin, respectively. Conclusion: The ZnMOF-MN treatment is a comprehensive solution with excellent therapeutic efficacy and patient-friendly features for promoting hair growth under various clinical conditions.
The learning motives of business students and postponement

This paper examines the motives of students’ program choice and specialization choice on the example of business students in TalTech, Estonia. The program applies postponement strategy – students choose between five specialization branches of more vocational nature during their second year of studies. This study aims to distinguish extrinsic and intrinsic motivation factors of students who have weighed their specialization options for longer from students who have decided on their specialization in an earlier phase. The overall quantitative findings suggest that the intrinsic learning motivation is not significantly different between the two groups of students. However, it appears that the students with predetermined decision are more specialization-oriented, whereas the postponement strategy suits more for a generalist and entrepreneurial profile. This strongly suggests that when a business programme aims to prioritize cross-functional skills and advancing the entrepreneurial spirit, the postponement strategy is recommended as a tool to boost student intrinsic motivation.
The Cost of Discipleship

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Efficiency of Financial Institutions: International Survey and Directions for Future Research

Abstract This paper surveys 130 studies that apply frontier efficiency analysis to financial institutions in 21 countries. The primary goals are to summarize and critically review empirical estimates of financial institution efficiency and to attempt to arrive at a consensus view. We find that the various efficiency methods do not necessarily yield consistent results and suggest some ways that these methods might be improved to bring about findings that are more consistent, accurate, and useful. Secondary goals are to address the implications of efficiency results for financial institutions in the areas of government policy, research, and managerial performance. Areas needing additional research are also outlined.
The moderating effect of cost of capital on working capital management and firm's performance in Nigeria

The direct effect of working capital management and its components (accounts receivable period, accounts payable period and inventory holding period on firm's performance has been examined in the previous literature, which discovered that there is a severe dearth of literature on WCM and firm’s performance especially in Nigeria. The underlying components that influence the performance have not been comprehensively explored in Nigeria. Therefore, the main objectives is to examine the effect of working capital management and its components on firm’s performance. Another objective, this study introduced cost of capital as a moderating variable to investigate the moderating (interaction) effects on the relationship between each component of the WCM and firm performance. To achieve these objectives, the study obtained panel data of 75 listed firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, the data for the Study is based on the annual financial reports of 145 firms derive from the quoted companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period between 2011 to 2020. These objectives were met by the use of a panel data methodology on a series of interactive models. Furthermore, the study test the fixed-effect model and random effect model. Finally, the study has implications on both theoretical and managerial perspectives.
Comparison of depression, anxiety, and stress between public and private university medical students

Context: Depression, anxiety, and stress are common among medical students because of hectic and heavy studies. Aim: This study was carried out to determine the magnitude of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) among undergraduate medical students and its relationship with its causative factors in public and private universities. Setting and Design: The study tool was DASS (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21) which was distributed through the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, adopting a multistage cluster sampling method for an observational study design. Subjects and Data: Data from undergraduate medical students (N = 337) was collected from public and private medical colleges in Saudi Arabia. Statistical Analysis: Independent t-tests and analysis of covariance were applied to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant difference in depression with a higher mean score in private versus public medical students (8.38±5.93 vs 6.34±5.46, p=0.001), anxiety (9.49±5.12 vs 7.91±5.00, p=0.005), and stress (9.11±5.11 vs 7.93±5.02, p=0.035). There was a significant difference in the level of anxiety between second- and third-years students (p =0.01). Conclusion: Private medical university students have significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress levels compared to public universities. More studies are needed to explore the causes of this psychological impact.
Effect of cryotherapy at venipuncture site on pain intensity among children undergoing blood sampling

Blood drawing is one of the most frightening and distressing nursing procedures for hospitalized children. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cryotherapy at venipuncture site on pain intensity among children undergoing blood sampling. One group pre-posttest quasi-experimental research design was utilized in the current study. 60 preschool-age children participated in the study at pediatric medical unit in Minia University Hospital for Obstetrics and Pediatrics. The tools used in the study were Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale and Vital Signs Recording Sheet. The study resulted that total mean scores of Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale were decreased markedly after cryotherapy application on the venipuncture site with highly statistically significant differences. The study concluded that cryotherapy effectively diminishes pain intensity at the venipuncture site among preschool children during blood sampling. The study recommended that, Pediatric health care units should integrate cryotherapy to manage needle puncture pain in the routine care for children undergoing venipuncture procedures.