Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of Sugar Cane Bagasse at High Temperatures: A Kinetic Study of Cellulose Saccharification and Glucose Decomposition. Part I: Sulfuric Acid as the Catalyst

The kinetics of sugar cane bagasse cellulose saccharification and the decomposition of glucose under extremely low acid (ELA) conditions, (0.07%), 0.14%, and 0.28% H2SO4, and at high temperatures were investigated using batch reactors. The first-order rate constants were obtained by weight loss, remaining glucose, and fitting glucose concentration profiles determined with HPLC using the Saeman model. The maximum glucose yields reached 67.6% (200 °C, 0.07% H2SO4, 30 min), 69.8% (210 °C, 0.14% H2SO4, 10 min), and 67.3% (210 °C, 0.28% H2SO4, 6 min). ELA conditions produced remarkable glucose yields when applied to bagasse cellulose. The first-order rate constants were used to calculate activation energies and extrathermodynamic parameters to elucidate the reaction mechanism under ELA conditions. The effect of acid concentration on cellulose hydrolysis and glucose decomposition was also investigated. The observed activation energies and reaction orders with respect to hydronium ion for cellulose hydrolysis an.
The V6-V1 interpeak interval: a novel criterion for the diagnosis of left bundle branch capture

Abstract Aims We hypothesized that during left bundle branch (LBB) area pacing, the various possible combinations of direct capture/non-capture of the septal myocardium and the LBB result in distinct patterns of right and left ventricular activation. This could translate into different combinations of R-wave peak time (RWPT) in V1 and V6. Consequently, the V6-V1 interpeak interval could differentiate the three types of LBB area capture: non-selective (ns-)LBB, selective (s-)LBB, and left ventricular septal (LVS). Methods and results Patients with unquestionable evidence of LBB capture were included. The V6-V1 interpeak interval, V6RWPT, and V1RWPT were compared between different types of LBB area capture. A total of 468 patients from two centres were screened, with 124 patients (239 electrocardiograms) included in the analysis. Loss of LVS capture resulted in an increase in V1RWPT by ≥15 ms but did not impact V6RWPT. Loss of LBB capture resulted in an increase in V6RWPT by ≥15 ms but only minimally influenced V1RWPT. Consequently, the V6-V1 interval was longest during s-LBB capture (62.3 ± 21.4 ms), intermediate during ns-LBB capture (41.3 ± 14.0 ms), and shortest during LVS capture (26.5 ± 8.6 ms). The optimal value of the V6-V1 interval value for the differentiation between ns-LBB and LVS capture was 33 ms (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 84.7%). A specificity of 100% for the diagnosis of LBB capture was obtained with a cut-off value of >44 ms. Conclusion The V6-V1 interpeak interval is a promising novel criterion for the diagnosis of LBB area capture.
Executive functioning in children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (ECTS) is one of the most frequent focal epilepsies amongst children. Because remission usually occurs before 16 years old and patients present infrequent clinical manifestation, ECTS was considered benign for a long time. Despite the reports on cognitive deficits associated with ECTS in the last years, knowledge about the condition’s specific executive function domains (inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, and higher-order executive functions) is still lacking. The following systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed and Scopus databases and gray literature were searched according to the following eligibility criteria: (1) original articles published in peer-review journals; (2) studies that present assessment of children with ECTS; and (3) studies with an available assessment of the executive function of the participants. A total of 43 studies (1179 patients and 1086 healthy controls) met the inclusion criteria. Data from 19 studies were extracted, and meta-analysis methods were used to compare results in the three main executive function domains and verbal fluency. The study quality was measured through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the evidence quality with the GRADEpro tool. Results and conclusions: The present systematic review is the first to gather information about executive functioning in children with ECTS. According to the meta-analyses, children with ECTS show weaker performances when compared with a control group in inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and verbal fluency. However, because the quality of evidence was classified as very low, caution is needed when interpreting the strength of the results.
Pre‐loading large volume oral electrolytes: tracing fluid and ion fluxes in horses during rest, exercise and recovery

Exercise results in rapid and large extracellular to intracellular fluid shifts, as well as significant sweating losses of water and ions. It is unknown whether ions within oral electrolyte supplements are taken up by muscle (and other soft tissues) and whether oral supplementation can effectively offset sweating losses. Pre‐loading with 8 L of a balanced hypotonic electrolyte supplement attenuated extracellular fluid losses, increased exercise duration and increased sweating fluid and ion losses during submaximal exercise. Supplemented electrolytes appear in skeletal muscle within 1 h after administration. Electrolyte supplementation increased exercise performance, improved maintenance of extracellular fluid volumes, and attenuated body fluid losses while maintaining sweating rates.
Understanding and Calibration of Charge Storage Mechanism in Cyclic Voltammetry Curves.

Noticeable pseudo-capacitance behaviour out of charge storage mechanism (CSM) has attracted intensive studies because it can provide both high energy density and large output power. Although cyclic voltammetry is recognized as the feasible electrochemical technique to determine it quantitatively in the previous works, the results are inferior due to uncertainty in the definitions and application conditions. Herein, three successive treatments, including de-polarization, de-residual and de-background, as well as a non-linear fitting algorithm are employed for the first time to calibrate the different CSM contribution of three typical cathode materials, LiFePO4, LiMn2O4 and Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7, and achieve well-separated physical capacitance, pseudo-capacitance and diffusive contributions to the total capacity. This work can eliminate misunderstanding concepts and correct ambiguous results of the pseudo-capacitance contribution, and recognize the essence of CSM in electrode materials.
Awareness and use of (emergency) sick leave: US employees’ unaddressed sick leave needs in a global pandemic

We study US sick leave use and unaddressed sick leave needs in the midst of the global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS COV 2) pandemic based on a representative survey. More than half of all US employees are unaware of the new emergency sick leave options provided by the federal Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA). Awareness and take-up rates are significantly higher among Asian Americans and lower among the foreign-born. About 8 million employees used emergency sick leave in the first 6 to 8 mo. Nevertheless, the share of employees who needed but could not take paid sick leave tripled in the pandemic; unaddressed sick leave needs total 15 million employees per month and are 69% higher among women. Our findings show that access to paid sick leave significantly reduces unaddressed sick leave needs. We conclude that given the fragmented US sick leave landscape, to address the strong increase in unaddressed sick leave needs during the pandemic, federal FFCRA response was not adequate.
Intracranial myxoid angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma with “classic” histology and EWSR1:CREM fusion providing insight for reconciliation with intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumors

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm that can exhibit diverse morphological features, including myxoid change. Rarely, the tumor occurs intracranially and poses considerable diagnostic challenges to neuropathologists. This is compounded by a recently coined entity, referred to as intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumor (IMMT). These tumors show significant overlaps with intracranial myxoid AFH from clinicopathological and molecular genetic viewpoints. We described an unusual intracranial tumor in a 30‐year‐old man. The tumor exhibited “classic” histological features of myxoid AFH and EWSR1:CREM fusion, a relatively novel variant of EWSR1:CREB family fusion, first identified in IMMT. We also performed a comprehensive literature review comparing the clinicopathological features of intracranial AFHs and IMMTs. Peritumoral lymphoplasmacytic cuffing appears to be the only morphological finding that is consistently absent in reported cases of IMMT while being present in most intracranial AFHs. Otherwise, both tumors showed considerable overlaps in clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features and have a common molecular genetic signature of EWSR1:CREB family fusion, including EWSR1:CREM fusion. Our case appeared to be the first described EWSR1:CREM‐fused intracranial tumor to show prominent peritumoral lymphoplasmacytic cuffing and myxoid change in addition to most of the other “classic” morphologic features of AFH. As such, while the current literature appears to be lacking when it comes to defining intracranial myxoid AFH and IMMT as separate nosological entities, they likely represent a morphological spectrum of a common entity characterized by EWSR1 rearrangement, akin to solitary fibrous tumors and hemangiopericytomas with the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 gene (STAT6) rearrangement.
Functional neuroanatomy of arithmetic in monolingual and bilingual adults and children

Prior studies on the brain bases of arithmetic have not focused on (or even described) their participants' language backgrounds. Yet, unlike monolinguals, early bilinguals have the capacity to solve arithmetic problems in both of their two languages. This raises the question whether this ability, or any other experience that comes with being bilingual, affects brain activity for arithmetic in bilinguals relative to monolinguals. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain activity in 44 English monolinguals and 44 Spanish‐English early bilinguals, during the solving of arithmetic problems in English. We used a factorial design to test for a main effect of bilingual Language Experience. Based on the known modulating roles of arithmetic operation and age, we used two arithmetic tasks (addition and subtraction) and studied two age groups (adults and children). When collapsing across operations and age, we found broad bilateral activation for arithmetic in both the monolingual group and the bilingual group. However, an analysis of variance revealed that there was no effect of Language Experience, nor an interaction of Language Experience with Operation or Age Group. Bayesian analyses within regions of interest chosen for their role in arithmetic further supported the finding of no effect of Language Experience on brain activity underlying arithmetic. We conclude that early bilingualism does not influence the functional neuroanatomy of simple arithmetic.
A Phase II Trial of the Bruton Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitor Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111) in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Waldenström Macroglobulinemia

Purpose: Although Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have demonstrated promising efficacy in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), data in Asian populations are scarce. This trial is the first to investigate the effect of a BTK inhibitor in Chinese patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) WM. Patients and Methods: Patients with R/R WM with at least one prior regimen were enrolled into this single-arm, multicenter, phase II study (NCT03332173) and received zanubrutinib 160 mg twice daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was major response rate (MRR), as assessed by an independent review committee. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, overall response rate, duration of major response, and safety. Results: Forty-four patients were enrolled. After a median follow-up of 33.0 (range, 3.2–36.5) months, MRR in all patients was 69.8%, with very good partial response or better in 32.6% of patients. All mutation groups benefited from zanubrutinib treatment (MRR in patients with MYD88L265P mutation, 73%; MRR in patients with MYD88 wild type mutation, 50%). A higher response rate was seen in the MYD88L265P/CXCR4WT population, compared with the other populations. Median progression-free survival and median duration of major response were not reached. The most frequently reported grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were neutrophil count decreased (31.8%), and platelet count decreased and pneumonia (20.5% each). No case of atrial fibrillation/flutter occurred. Conclusions: Zanubrutinib achieved a high rate of response that was durable and deep in patients with R/R WM across all subgroups, and potentially confers a positive benefit–risk profile for WM.
Cationic Compounds with SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Activity and Their Interaction with Organic Cation Transporter/Multidrug and Toxin Extruder Secretory Transporters

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, drug repurposing has been highlighted for rapid introduction of therapeutics. Proposed drugs with activity against SARS-CoV-2 include compounds with positive charges at physiologic pH, making them potential targets for the organic cation secretory transporters of kidney and liver, i.e., the basolateral organic cation transporters, OCT1 and OCT2; and the apical multidrug and toxin extruders, MATE1 and MATE2-K. We selected several compounds proposed to have in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, quinacrine, tilorone, pyronaridine, cetylpyridinium, and miramistin) to test their interaction with OCT and MATE transporters. We used Bayesian machine learning models to generate predictions for each molecule with each transporter and also experimentally determined IC50 values for each compound against labeled substrate transport into CHO cells that stably expressed OCT2, MATE1, or MATE2-K using three structurally distinct substrates (atenolol, metformin and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) to assess the impact of substrate structure on inhibitory efficacy. For the OCTs substrate identity influenced IC50 values, although the effect was larger and more systematic for OCT2. In contrast, inhibition of MATE1-mediated transport was largely insensitive to substrate identity. Unlike MATE1, inhibition of MATE2-K was influenced, albeit modestly, by substrate identity. Maximum unbound plasma concentration/IC50 ratios were used to identify potential clinical DDI recommendations; all the compounds interacted with the OCT/MATE secretory pathway, most with sufficient avidity to represent potential DDI issues for secretion of cationic drugs. This should be considered when proposing cationic agents as repurposed antivirals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Drugs proposed as potential COVID-19 therapeutics based on in vitro activity data against SARS-CoV-2 include compounds with positive charges at physiological pH, making them potential interactors with the OCT/MATE renal secretory pathway. We tested seven such molecules as inhibitors of OCT1/2 and MATE1/2-K. All the compounds blocked transport activity regardless of substrate used to monitor activity. Suggesting that plasma concentrations achieved by normal clinical application of the test agents could be expected to influence the pharmacokinetics of selected cationic drugs.
First-in-Human Study of the Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics of 89Zr-CX-072, a Novel Immunopet Tracer Based on an Anti–PD-L1 Probody

Purpose: CX-072, a PD-L1–targeting Probody therapeutic, is engineered to be activated by tumor proteases that remove a masking peptide. To study effects on biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, we performed 89Zr-CX-072 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Experimental Design: Patients received ∼1 mg, 37 MBq 89Zr-CX-072 plus 0, 4, or 9 mg unlabeled CX-072 and PET scans at days 2, 4, and 7. After that, treatment comprised 10 mg/kg CX-072 q2 weeks (n = 7) + 3 mg/kg ipilimumab q3w 4× (n = 1). Normal organ tracer uptake was expressed as standardized uptake value (SUV)mean and tumor uptake as SUVmax. PD-L1 expression was measured immunohistochemically in archival tumor tissue. Results: Three of the eight patients included received 10-mg protein dose resulting in a blood pool mean SUVmean ± SD of 4.27 ± 0.45 on day 4, indicating sufficient available tracer. Tumor uptake was highest at day 7, with a geometric mean SUVmax 5.89 (n = 113) and present in all patients. The median follow-up was 12 weeks (4–76+). One patient experienced stable disease and two patients a partial response. PD-L1 tumor expression was 90% in one patient and ≤1% in the other patients. Mean SUVmean ± SD day 4 at 10 mg in the spleen was 8.56 ± 1.04, bone marrow 2.21 ± 0.46, and liver 4.97 ± 0.97. Four patients out of seven showed uptake in normal lymph nodes and Waldeyer's ring. The tracer was intact in the serum or plasma. Conclusions: 89Zr-CX-072 showed tumor uptake, even in lesions with ≤1% PD-L1 expression, and modest uptake in normal lymphoid organs, with no unexpected uptake in other healthy tissues.
Young people's experience of online therapy for first-episode psychosis: A qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to understand how young people with first-episode psychosis experienced online therapy on a Moderated Online Social Therapy (MOST) platform known as Horyzons. METHODS Semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 young people who had previously participated in Horyzons, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a long-term digital intervention for first-episode psychosis. Interviews were analysed using a phenomenological approach. RESULTS This study found that the online therapy experience for first-episode psychosis was idiosyncratic, taking on different meaning for different users. The relatively fixed therapeutic content led to experiences that included on-demand help-seeking, positive distraction, revision, generalization and translation, and normalization. We also found that although the experience of online therapy was motivating to some, it was overwhelming for others. CONCLUSIONS The self-directed and flexible nature of the Horyzons online therapy gave some young people a sense of welcomed control over their mental health journey, and others felt overwhelmed by the high level of choice. Feeling overwhelmed by the level of choice appeared to interrupt their engagement with the platform, and thus their overall ability to use the intervention meaningfully. We also found that on-demand help-seeking and positive distraction were two functions unique to young people through online therapy and may have been related to the significant reduction in the number of overall presentations by young people to emergency departments and psychiatric admissions in the intervention group of the Horyzons RCT. PRACTITIONER POINTS Young people used online therapy for on-demand support to help deal with distress. Young people used online therapy to distract themselves from distress in a positive way. Some young people valued the flexibility of online therapy, which increased their motivation to engage with it. Some young people were overwhelmed by the amount of choice available to them via online therapy, which decreased their motivation to engage.
Learning the subtle dance: The experience of therapists who deliver mentalisation-based therapy for borderline personality disorder.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to understand therapists' lived experiences of delivering mentalisation-based therapy (MBT), including their experiences of service user change. METHOD One-to-one semi-structured interviews or focus groups were conducted with 14 MBT therapists and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). RESULTS Four superordinate themes were identified: (1) experiencing the challenges and complexities of being with service users during MBT; (2) being on a journey of discovery and change; (3) being an MBT therapist: a new way of working and developing a new therapeutic identity; and (4) being a therapist in the group: seeing it all come together. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the complexity, challenges and individualised experience of working therapeutically with service users with a diagnosis of BPD. The study provides a perspective of service use change that is enriched by idiosyncrasies within the therapeutic encounter. We conclude with a consideration of implications for MBT research and clinical practice.
Factors to Effective Telemedicine Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cohort Study

Background With COVID-19 there was a rapid and abrupt rise in telemedicine implementation often without sufficient time for providers or patients to adapt. As telemedicine visits are likely to continue to play an important role in health care, it is crucial to strive for a better understanding of how to ensure completed telemedicine visits in our health system. Awareness of these barriers to effective telemedicine visits is necessary for a proactive approach to addressing issues. Objective The objective of this study was to identify variables that may affect telemedicine visit completion in order to determine actions that can be enacted across the entire health system to benefit all patients. Methods Data were collected from scheduled telemedicine visits (n=362,764) at the University of Miami Health System (UHealth) between March 1, 2020 and October 31, 2020. Descriptive statistics, mixed effects logistic regression, and random forest modeling were used to identify the most important patient-agnostic predictors of telemedicine completion. Results Using descriptive statistics, struggling telemedicine specialties, providers, and clinic locations were identified. Through mixed effects logistic regression (adjusting for clustering at the clinic site level), the most important predictors of completion included previsit phone call/SMS text message reminder status (confirmed vs not answered) (odds ratio [OR] 6.599, 95% CI 6.483-6.717), MyUHealthChart patient portal status (not activated vs activated) (OR 0.315, 95% CI 0.305-0.325), provider’s specialty (primary care vs medical specialty) (OR 1.514, 95% CI 1.472-1.558), new to the UHealth system (yes vs no) (OR 1.285, 95% CI 1.201-1.374), and new to provider (yes vs no) (OR 0.875, 95% CI 0.859-0.891). Random forest modeling results mirrored those from logistic regression. Conclusions The highest association with a completed telemedicine visit was the previsit appointment confirmation by the patient via phone call/SMS text message. An active patient portal account was the second strongest variable associated with completion, which underscored the importance of patients having set up their portal account before the telemedicine visit. Provider’s specialty was the third strongest patient-agnostic characteristic associated with telemedicine completion rate. Telemedicine will likely continue to have an integral role in health care, and these results should be used as an important guide to improvement efforts. As a first step toward increasing completion rates, health care systems should focus on improvement of patient portal usage and use of previsit reminders. Optimization and intervention are necessary for those that are struggling with implementing telemedicine. We advise setting up a standardized workflow for staff.