Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-term outcome of artificial intelligence-assisted preoperative three-dimensional planning of total hip arthroplasty for developmental dysplasia of the hip compared to traditional surgery

Objectives This study aims to assess the short-term outcome of total hip arthroplasty for treating developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) using artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted three-dimensional (3D) preoperative planning technology. Patients and methods Between January 2020 and July 2022, a total of 61 patients with DDH (31 males, 30 females, mean age: 59.2±10.4 years; range, 35 to 78 years) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups as those in the observation group of AI-assisted 3D preoperative planning technology (n=34) and the control group of traditional two-dimensional X-ray template planning technology (n=27). Perioperative data of the patients were recorded and analyzed. Results All patients were followed for more than one year, and no hip dislocation, aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fracture, periprosthetic infection or revision occurred. The accuracy of the planning was based on the agreement between the preoperative planning model and the intraoperative model. The accuracy of preoperative planning for the acetabular prosthesis and femoral prosthesis in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control group. No statistically significant difference was found in the postoperative abduction (p=0.416) and anteversion (p=0.225) between the groups. In the observation group, 91.2% of the acetabular cups were implanted within the Lewinnek safe zone (66.7% in the control group) and 88.2% were within the Callanan safe zone (63% in the control group). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the postoperative lower-limb length discrepancy (p=0.004), which was significantly improved in both groups compared to preoperative values (p<0.01 for all). The postoperative Harris hip score in both groups was significantly improved compared to preoperative scores (p<0.01); however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.098). Conclusion Our study results suggest that AI-assisted 3D preoperative planning is evidently more successful than traditional 2D X-ray template planning for predicting prosthesis size. This method seems to be advantageous in acetabular cup positioning, as well as in lower-limb length restoration.
The binding profile of SARS‐CoV‐2 with human leukocyte antigen polymorphisms reveals critical alleles involved in immune evasion

The COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), astonished the world and led to millions of deaths. Due to viral new mutations and immune evasion, SARS‐CoV‐2 ranked first in transmission and influence. The binding affinity of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms to SARS‐CoV‐2 might be related to immune escape, but the mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, we obtained the binding affinity of SARS‐CoV‐2 strains with different HLA proteins and identified 31 risk alleles. Subsequent structural predictions identified 10 active binding sites in these HLA proteins that may promote immune evasion. Particularly, we also found that the weak binding ability with HLA class I polymorphisms could contribute to the immune evasion of Omicron. These findings suggest important implications for preventing the immune evasion of SARS‐CoV‐2 and providing new insights for the vaccine design.
Knowledge management strategies and spatial structure of geographic industrial clusters: a simulation approach

El corrent dominant en la literatura d’ambit economic ha descurat sovint les questions relatives a l’espai. A partir dels estudis iniciats per Marshall sobre les economies d’aglomeracio, aquest tema sols ha cridat l’atencio de linies de recerca especialitzades en economia i geografia economica. Ha estat arran de l’aplicacio de noves eines i conceptes economics, que ha portat a terme la “nova geografia economica” per a afrontar-ne l’estudi, que s’ha revifat l’interes general per la materia. Ara be, si volem entendre la dinamica que caracteritza l’economia de la informacio, ens cal introduir en els models economics d’aglomeracio els mecanismes subjacents per mitja dels quals es transmet el coneixement. En aquest sentit, la nostra proposta convida a fer-ho mitjancant la creacio de simulacions basades en agents que apliquen un marc teoric dissenyat per a entendre els fluxos de coneixement: l’I-Space. En aquestes linies presentem un model de simulacio de clusters geografics industrials mitjancant el qual podem estudiar la relacio sorgida entre les estrategies de gestio del coneixement i els patrons d’aglomeracio espacial en poblacions d’empreses. L’aplicacio del model a dos coneguts clusters industrials d’alta tecnologia, Silicon Valley i Boston Route 128, ens ofereix noves perspectives sobre la dinamica cultural divergent d’ambdos clusters, els quals prioritzen la transferencia de coneixement i el paper de les TIC a nivells diferents de desenvolupament.
The Selective Social Attention task in children with autism spectrum disorder: Results from the Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials (ABC‐CT) feasibility study

The Selective Social Attention (SSA) task is a brief eye‐tracking task involving experimental conditions varying along socio‐communicative axes. Traditionally the SSA has been used to probe socially‐specific attentional patterns in infants and toddlers who develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This current work extends these findings to preschool and school‐age children. Children 4‐ to 12‐years‐old with ASD (N = 23) and a typically‐developing comparison group (TD; N = 25) completed the SSA task as well as standardized clinical assessments. Linear mixed models examined group and condition effects on two outcome variables: percent of time spent looking at the scene relative to scene presentation time (%Valid), and percent of time looking at the face relative to time spent looking at the scene (%Face). Age and IQ were included as covariates. Outcome variables' relationships to clinical data were assessed via correlation analysis. The ASD group, compared to the TD group, looked less at the scene and focused less on the actress' face during the most socially‐engaging experimental conditions. Additionally, within the ASD group, %Face negatively correlated with SRS total T‐scores with a particularly strong negative correlation with the Autistic Mannerism subscale T‐score. These results highlight the extensibility of the SSA to older children with ASD, including replication of between‐group differences previously seen in infants and toddlers, as well as its ability to capture meaningful clinical variation within the autism spectrum across a wide developmental span inclusive of preschool and school‐aged children. The properties suggest that the SSA may have broad potential as a biomarker for ASD.
Reciprocal relationships between stress and depressive symptoms: the essential role of the nucleus accumbens.

BACKGROUND Stress and depression have a reciprocal relationship, but the neural underpinnings of this reciprocity are unclear. We investigated neuroimaging phenotypes that facilitate the reciprocity between stress and depressive symptoms. METHODS In total, 22 195 participants (52.0% females) from the population-based UK Biobank study completed two visits (initial visit: 2006-2010, age = 55.0 ± 7.5 [40-70] years; second visit: 2014-2019; age = 62.7 ± 7.5 [44-80] years). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the longitudinal relationship between self-report stressful life events (SLEs) and depressive symptoms. Cross-sectional data were used to examine the overlap between neuroimaging correlates of SLEs and depressive symptoms on the second visit among 138 multimodal imaging phenotypes. RESULTS Longitudinal data were consistent with significant bidirectional causal relationship between SLEs and depressive symptoms. In cross-sectional analyses, SLEs were significantly associated with lower bilateral nucleus accumbal volume and lower fractional anisotropy of the forceps major. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with extensive white matter hyperintensities, thinner cortex, lower subcortical volume, and white matter microstructural deficits, mainly in corticostriatal-limbic structures. Lower bilateral nucleus accumbal volume were the only imaging phenotypes with overlapping effects of depressive symptoms and SLEs (B = -0.032 to -0.023, p = 0.006-0.034). Depressive symptoms and SLEs significantly partially mediated the effects of each other on left and right nucleus accumbens volume (proportion of effects mediated = 12.7-14.3%, p < 0.001-p = 0.008). For the left nucleus accumbens, post-hoc seed-based analysis showed lower resting-state functional connectivity with the left orbitofrontal cortex (cluster size = 83 voxels, p = 5.4 × 10-5) in participants with high v. no SLEs. CONCLUSIONS The nucleus accumbens may play a key role in the reciprocity between stress and depressive symptoms.
The Potential Utility of Physically Based Hydrologic Modeling in Ungauged Urban Streams

A wide range of hydrologic modeling tools based on geographic information systems are available to aid urban planning, design, and environmental assessment by providing an understanding of how urban development impacts water quality and water quantity. These tools range from complex, data-intensive, process-based simulation models to simpler, empirical, coefficient-based approaches. We use a case study watershed in San Diego, California, to illustrate the potential contribution of physically based models as a means to evolve conceptual understanding of geographic pattern and process, rather than the prediction of aggregate watershed behavior. We use the Regional Hydro-Ecologic Simulation System to examine interactions between internal watershed processes that lead to runoff production. Through this case study, we address the issue of limited streamflow data for model calibration, a requirement that is often difficult to meet in smaller, ungauged watersheds. We illustrate how flow data from a similar watershed, combined with sensitivity analysis, can serve to compensate for this data limitation in the context of understanding urban impacts on hydrologic behavior. We then use this modeling approach to demonstrate that the conclusions made about the effects of urbanization on streamflow are a complex function of interactions between the watershed drainage network configuration and antecedent soil moisture conditions. Further we show that these qualitative, but potentially useful conclusions do not depend on precise knowledge of uncertain parameters such as soil hydraulic conductivity. We discuss the overall “ease of use” of our modeling approach and the implications for environmental assessment and design.
Horizontal movements in the eastern Barents Sea constrained by numerical models and plate reconstructions

SUMMARY The eastern Barents Sea basins, west of Novaya Zemlya, were mildly inverted between Late Permian and Early Jurassic times, as indicated by mild folds in the basin sediments. Previous studies have suggested that the crustal part of Novaya Zemlya was thrust westward, but the magnitude of this compressive movement is not well known. Our aim is to provide an order-of-magnitude constraint on the amount of shortening associated with the displacement of Novaya Zemlya and inversion of the eastern Barents Sea basins by combining numerical models and plate reconstructions in an iterative process. We use a 2-D finite-element method to model inversion of a pre-defined basin. The total amount of shortening imposed on the models is first constrained by plate reconstructions for the Barents Sea region for the Late Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic. We assume that the shortening is caused by westward movement of the Siberian plate, but the magnitude of this westward displacement in plate reconstructions is highly uncertain due to the allochthonous nature of the rocks of Novaya Zemlya and the scarcity of palaeomagnetic data in the region. Our models show that shortening localizes in the model basin and at Novaya Zemlya and that westward propagation of deformation is more efficient when the strength of the lower crust is reduced. Part of the movement of the Siberian plate could be accommodated by thrusts at Novaya Zemlya and perhaps in the domain of the Kara Sea at the western margin of the Siberian plate. By comparing the inversion obtained in the numerical models to the inferred inversion structures in the eastern Barents Sea basins we further constrain the amount of shortening that caused the inversion and therewith improve the plate reconstructions for the region. Our models indicate that the westward movement of Novaya Zemlya occurred in the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic (220–190 Ma) and was limited in magnitude to 100–200 km, which is considerably less than previous estimates (500–700 km).
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor blockade impairs islet secretion and glucose metabolism in humans

BACKGROUND Proglucagon can be processed to glucagon-like peptide1 (GLP-1) within the islet, but its contribution to islet function in humans remains unknown. We sought to understand whether pancreatic GLP-1 alters islet function in humans and whether this is affected by type 2 diabetes. METHODS We therefore studied individuals with and without type 2 diabetes on two occasions in random order. On one occasion, exendin 9-39, a competitive antagonist of the GLP-1 Receptor (GLP1R), was infused, while on the other, saline was infused. The tracer dilution technique ([3-3H] glucose) was used to measure glucose turnover during fasting and during a hyperglycemic clamp. RESULTS Exendin 9-39 increased fasting glucose concentrations; fasting islet hormone concentrations were unchanged, but inappropriate for the higher fasting glucose observed. In people with type 2 diabetes, fasting glucagon concentrations were markedly elevated and persisted despite hyperglycemia. This impaired suppression of endogenous glucose production by hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION These data show that GLP1R blockade impairs islet function, implying that intra-islet GLP1R activation alters islet responses to glucose and does so to a greater degree in people with type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04466618. FUNDING The study was primarily funded by NIH NIDDK DK126206. AV is supported by DK78646, DK116231 and DK126206. CDM was supported by MIUR (Italian Minister for Education) under the initiative “Departments of Excellence” (Law 232/2016).
Determination of post‐perovskite phase transition boundary in MgSiO3 using Au and MgO pressure standards

We have determined the post‐perovskite phase transition boundary in MgSiO3 by in‐situ X‐ray diffraction measurements, using Au and MgO as internal pressure standards. Results demonstrate that phase transition occurs at 113 GPa and 2400 K with a positive Clapeyron slope of +4.7 MPa/K, based on the Au pressure scale. On the other hand, the simultaneous measurements of MgO standard show that the phase boundary is located at 119 GPa and 2400 K with a Clapeyron slope of +11.5 MPa/K, consistently with the previous experimental results based on the Pt scale and the theoretical calculations. Our experiments also indicate that the stabilities of perovskite and post‐perovskite in all of (Mg0.89Fe0.11)2SiO4, natural pyrolitic mantle, and MORB compositions are consistent with the phase transition boundary in pure MgSiO3, when all the data are compared using the same Au scale. The compositional variations in natural systems have little effect on the post‐perovskite phase transition.
Noise properties of continuous GPS data from concrete pillar geodetic monuments in New Zealand and comparison with data from U.S. deep drilled braced monuments

[1] Reducing noise levels in geodetic data is critical for the interpretation and modeling of geophysically interesting signals. In this paper, I estimate noise properties of continuous GPS time series collected on concrete pillar monuments and compare them with similar data from deep drilled braced monuments that are considered the most stable three-dimensional monuments available. I show that the time series noise properties are very similar between the monument types, at least for time series up to 4.5 years duration. Differences between the monument types are therefore not a dominant influence on these time series, implying that the less expensive concrete pillar monuments are a valid choice for recording many signals of geophysical interest.
Ba distribution in surface Southern Ocean sediments and export production estimates

[1] We present excess Ba (Baxs) data (i.e., total Ba corrected for lithogenic Ba) for surface sediments from a north-south transect between the Polar Front Zone and the northern Weddell Gyre in the Atlantic sector and between the Polar Front Zone and the Antarctic continent in the Indian sector. Focus is on two different processes that affect excess Ba accumulation in the sediments: sediment redistribution and excess Ba dissolution. The effect of these processes needs to be corrected for in order to convert accumulation rate into vertical rain rate, the flux component that can be linked to export production. In the Southern Ocean a major process affecting Ba accumulation rate is sediment focusing, which is corrected for using excess 230 Th. This correction, however, may not always be straightforward because of boundary scavenging effects. A further major process affecting excess Ba accumulation is barite dissolution during exposure at the sediment-water column interface. Export production estimates derived from excess 230 Th and barite dissolution corrected Baxs accumulation rates (i.e., excess Ba vertical rain rates) are of the same magnitude but generally larger than export production estimates based on water column proxies ( 234 Th-deficit in the upper water column; particulate excess Ba enrichment in the mesopelagic water column). We believe export production values based on excess Ba vertical rain rate might be overestimated due to inaccurate assessment of the Baxs preservation rate. Barite dissolution has, in general, been taken into account by relating it to exposure time before burial depending on the rate of sediment accumulation. However, the observed decrease of excess Ba content with increasing water column depth (or increasing hydrostatic pressure) illustrates the dependence of barite preservation on degree of saturation in the deep water column in accordance with available thermodynamic data. Therefore correction for barite dissolution would not be appropriate by considering only exposure time of the barite to some uniformly undersaturated deep water but requires also that regional differences in degree of undersatuation be taken into account. INDEX TERMS: 1050 Geochemistry: Marine geochemistry (4835, 4850); 4835 Oceanography: Biological and Chemical: Inorganic marine chemistry; KEYWORDS: excess Ba, sediment, Southern Ocean, export production
CARACTERIZAÇÃO TEXTURAL DOS SEDIMENTOS SUPERFICÍAIS DE FUNDO E DINÂMICA SEDIMENTAR NA BAÍA DE GUANABARA, RIO DE JANEIRO

Abstract Ninety-two bottom surface sediment samples were collected in the Guanabara bay using a van-Veen sampler. They were analyzed for grain size distribution and organic matter. From the association between the bottom morphology and sediment characteristics, it was possible to establish the sedimentary dynamics. This allowed a division of the bight into three sedimentary zones: a south, sand-dominated zone of relatively high wave and current energy, a north zone characterized by very calm conditions and clay/mud deposition, and a central zone of mixed sedimentary characteristics. Palavras-chaves: Sediment Dynamic, Guanabara Bay, Texture
Distribution of Antarctic intermediate water over the Blake Plateau

During a cruise in September 1980 over the Blake Plateau we observed a northward spread of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in the main axis of the Gulf Stream. The AAIW appeared as a lobe less than 60 km wide extending to at least 31°N. The lobe was characterized by negative salinity anomalies of 0.15×10−3, elevated nutrient concentrations, and lowered oxygen concentrations. Tentative evidence suggests that a parcel of AAIW was located over the central Blake Plateau, and geostrophic calculations indicate it may have been attached to the main Gulf Stream deep flow.
Tectonic accretion versus erosion along the southern Chile trench: Oblique subduction and margin segmentation

The southernmost tip of South America is an active continental margin where oblique convergence between plates, transcurrent motion, and tectonic rotation on land make the geodynamic setting more complex than that of the central Andes. A multichannel seismic data set has been used in conjunction with multibeam and altimetry data to clarify the regional architecture of the continental margin from 50°S to 57°S. Despite the thick sedimentary section in the trench and the slow plate convergence rate peculiar of typical accretionary margins, seismic reflection profiles image widely varying frontal wedge morphologies, different rates of accretion, a high degree of structural diversity, and different modes of continental building (offscraping, underplating, tectonic erosion). Correlation between structural parameters (depth of the décollement level, width of the wedge, accretionary rates, Moho depth) suggests large‐scale structural control on margin geometry and structural diversity. The transition from tectonic accretion to erosion and general structural variations do not show any gradual trend, but rather, they occur along oblique structural trends that produce a tectonic segmentation of the margin. This is mainly related to tectonic processes on the overriding plate (block rotations along strike‐slip faults), while local disturbances on the incoming plate (seamounts, fracture zones, and oceanic fabric relative orientation) add further structural complexity. Altimetry data, in conjunction with structural analysis, suggest that large‐scale tectonic variations and structural development are related to trench‐parallel gravity anomaly variations and, ultimately, to basal friction on the plate interface. Strong negative gravity anomalies are associated with sedimentary basins, wide wedges, and accretionary domains, while positive gravity anomalies mainly refer to transverse structural highs and narrow wedges.