Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sémantique géométrique pour la calculabilité asynchrone

Le domaine des protocoles tolerants aux pannes etudie quelles tâches concurrentes sont resolubles dans differents modeles de calcul avec pannes. Des outils mathematiques bases sur la topologie combinatoire ont ete developpes depuis les annees 1990 pour aborder ces questions. Dans ce cadre, la tâche que l’on veut resoudre, et le protocole auquel on fait appel, sont modelises par des complexes simpliciaux chromatiques. On definit qu’un protocole resout une tâche lorsqu’il existe une certaine application simpliciale entre ces complexes.Dans cette these, on etudie ces methodes geometriques du point de vue de la semantique. Le premier objectif est de fonder cette definition abstraite de resolution d’une tâche sur une autre plus concrete, basee sur des entrelacements de traces d’execution. On examine diverses notions de specifications pour les objets concurrents, afin de definir un cadre general pour la resolution de tâches par des objets partages. On montre ensuite comment extraire de ce cadre la definition topologique de resolubilite de tâches. Dans la deuxieme partie de la these, on prouve que les complexes simpliciaux chromatiques peuvent etre utilises pour evaluer des formules de logique epistemique. Cela permet d’interpreter les preuves topologiques d’impossibilite en fonction de la quantite de connaissances a acquerir pour resoudre une tâche. Enfin, on presente quelques liens preliminaires avec la semantique dirigee pour les programmes concurrents. On montre comment la subdivision chromatique d’un simplexe peut etre retrouvee en considerant des notions combinatoires de chemins diriges.
Statistically Determining the Spatial Extent of Relativistic Electron Precipitation Events Using 2‐s Polar‐Orbiting Satellite Data

Relativistic electron precipitation (REP) from the outer radiation belt into Earth's atmosphere poses risks for satellites and affects Earth's climate, producing ozone‐destroying compounds. Characterizing the spatial extent of REP events, which are periods of precipitation localized in space and time, is important for quantifying these effects and improving understanding of outer radiation belt dynamics, allowing quantification of the relative roles of atmospheric and magnetopause particle loss. Following Shekhar et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024716), who used 16 s resolution data from particle detectors onboard NOAA's Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) and the ESA's Meterological Operational (MetOp) Satellites, we work to more precisely determine the spatial extent of REP events using higher‐resolution (2 s) data from the same instruments. We algorithmically search through 6 years of data (October 2012 to December 2018) from a maximum of seven simultaneously orbiting satellites, identifying REP events and determining their start and end times and locations. We find that the majority of events are highly localized spatially and, unlike Shekhar et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024716), we do not observe a cluster of broad events around midnight magnetic local time (MLT). Based on case studies, we suggest that this discrepancy results from the differences in data resolution, indicating that the broad regions of precipitation around midnight MLT identified by Shekhar et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024716) may be composed of several adjacent but narrowly confined regions of precipitation, potentially with independent causes. Additional work is necessary to further classify events and identify their likely mechanisms.
Effect of temperature degrees on the duration of the phytophagous mite, Eutetranychus orientalis complex (klein) (acari: Tetranychidae) when fed on green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) are the most important phytophagous mite pests of agricultural crops over the worldwide. This study aims to study the effect of different temperature degrees on the developmental stages of the phytophagous mite Eutetranychus orientalis complex (Klein) on some vegetable crops and to predict the population according to the prevailing temperature. Development times of the Eutetranychus orientalis complex (Klein) were evaluated in the laboratory on excised leaf disc of (green bean) Phaseolus vulgarisL at various degrees of temperature (20, 25 and 30±2 °C) with 60±5% relative humidity (RH)under laboratory conditions. Total development times from egg to adult stage were 26.37±1.28 and 24.24±0.92 days at 20±2 °C, 21.25±1.23 and 18.99±1.28 days at 25±2 °C and 11.48±1.07 and 9.88±1.16 at 30±2 °C for female and male respectively. The pre-ovipositionperiod, oviposition period and post-oviposition period were 4.96±1.44, 8.13±2.22 and 4.87±1.23 days at 20±2 °C,1.46±0.35, 6.73±0.82 and 1.99±0.79 days at 25±2 °C and 1.04±0.27, 6.20±0.87 and 1.67±0.40 days respectively at 30±2 °C. Total eggs laid by mite were found to reach the maximum limit at 30±2 °C (22.60 ± 3.63 eggs/mite) followed by 25±2 °C (16.44 ± 3.87 eggs/mite) and 20±2 °C (3.14 ± 2.56 eggs/mite). In conclusion, the time required for female life cycle, longevity and life span was longer than the male at different tested temperature degrees and the differences were significant and the 20±2°C gave the longest life cycle, while the temperature of 30±2°C gave the shortest life cycle.
Thinking like Apple's recycling robots:towards the activation of responsibility in a postenvironmentalist world

This article turns to valuation studies to enrich the critical capacities of postenvironmentalism with a more situated approach. Debates in postenvironmentalism suggest moving away from a romanticized notion of nature and instead shining the spotlight on the responsibility humans have toward the built environment, which includes technologies. We use Liam and Daisy, two recycling robots of Apple Inc., as intermediaries to discuss the multiplicities of value-production in the recycling economies of electronic waste. The company introduced these robots as innovations to revolutionize the recycling industries; yet, drawing on our ethnographic research in the UK, Germany, India and Ghana we emphasize that Apple’s approach to research is limited. The notion of dis/assembling value enables us to activate the production of responsibility as a value in empirical contexts, with a focus on (1) decisions on material breakdown that are hidden in the black box of Apple’s algorithms, (2) the vulnerability and fragility of electronic waste work, and (3) the rising impact of shredding technologies in the global recycling economies of e-waste.
Preliminary evaluation of production and characterization of wood vinegar from rubberwood.

This study deals with a slow pyrolysis of rubberwood in a furnace at an atmospheric pressure to produce pyroligneous liquid or wood vinegar. Pyroligneous liquids produced were separated into two fractions based on temperatures in a furnace. The yields of wood vinegar were quantified. Also pH, SG and boiling ranges were determined. The optimum condition of pyrolysis was obtained at the heating rate of 1.4 o C/min to the final temperature at 550 o C/min with a yield of 27.45%. The pH and specific gravity were attained at about 2.9-3.83 and 1.009-1.027, respectively, depend on process conditions. Also the boiling ranges of rubberwood vinegar approximately were 96-108 o C based on the ASTM-D86 method. However, no significantly changes were seen in the pH, specific gravity and boiling ranges of rubberwood vinegar regarding to hearting rates. For characterization, wood vinegar was fractionated by a distillation into three fractions. Both crude and distilled wood vinegars were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results showed that the wood vinegar is mainly composed of acetic acid. Also the rubberwood pyrolysis yields high methanol content compared to other woods.
Male terminalia and their rotation in Tanyderidae (Insecta, Diptera, Nematocera) since the Mesozoic

ABSTRACT The structure of the male terminalia and their rotation are reviewed in both extinct and extant genera of Tanyderidae based on new observations and literature. The structure of gonostyli and parameres and the size of cerci show greater variation among extinct taxa than among the extant ones. A bifid aedeagus occurs in representatives of both tanyderid subfamilies, the modern nannotanyderine Peringueyomyina (and probably in Eocene Coramus) and the extinct tanyderines Macrochile and Similinannotanyderus. A trifid aedeagus, common in modern tanyderines, and a rare simple undivided aedeagus both appear to have evolved from it. The Triassic family Nadipteridae, supposedly ancestral to Tanyderidae, already displays rotation of male terminalia, suggesting that the latter is extremely ancient in Diptera and was probably inherited by Tanyderidae. Tanyderid genera vary in the presence of the rotation, number of involved segments and angle of rotation. Apparently it has been secondarily lost multiple times in the family. An astonishing similarity between the male hypopygia of extinct and extant Nannotanyderinae and that of the psychodid subfamily Horaiellinae is additionally discussed.
The Applications of Theory Planned Behavior on Knowledge Sharing at Family Business

This research is conducted to know the behavior of sharing knowledge that be planned from the first generation of family business to the next generation, in order to make a sustainable and imperishable of family business. The research is used the planned behavior theory by Ajzen in order to developing and testing the model research of variables which influencing the intention of many knowledges and behaviors of the owner of family business. The result of the research shows that the owner of the business proved make a planning about behavior in many knowledges empirically and the major determinant of the behavior in many knowledges is intention owned. For more complete, the result shows that the control of behavior be prepared positively will be influence the intention and the behavior of many knowledges. The subjective norm did not influence the intention and the behavior in wide range of knowledge in positive way, while, the positive intention gives the effect to the behavior in variety of knowledges. The other result shows that the positive attitude influeces to the intention and the behavior in variety knowledges.
Emulsion design for protection of chemically sensitive bioactive ingredients

Lipid oxidation is a major issue for food manufacturers resulting in alteration of taste and appearance of product. In recent years, the food industry has been facing a tremendous pressure from consumers for using chemical agents to prevent lipid oxidation. In this study a novel approach to reduce lipid oxidation in oil-in-water emulsions has been taken and involves the manipulation of the emulsions' interfacial microstructure. Initially, oil-in-water emulsions were prepared with silica particles. The lipid oxidative stability was improved by up to 50%, compared with the emulsions stabilised by surfactant. However, silica particles are not “label friendly” hence; Modified Starch and colloidal Microcrystalline Cellulose were used as the “food-grade” Pickering particles. These samples had great stability against coalescence and the oxidation rate was reduced by up to 75%, compared with the emulsions stabilised by surfactant. The potential ability of fat crystal at the droplet interface to enhance the oxidative stability was also investigated. This was carried out by stabilising oil-in-water emulsions with saturated monoglyceride in the presence of xanthan gum. A bench scale scraped-surface heat exchanger was used to produce these emulsions. Solid fat crystals “shells” were created around the oil droplets by oscillating the temperature during emulsification. It was shown that these “shells” were capable of inhibiting the lipid oxidation by preventing pro-oxidants to come into close contact with the oil droplets.
Corporate Governance, Firm Attributes and Financial Performance: Evidence from Pakistan

1. Assistant Professor, School of Business Management and Administrative Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-Pakistan 2. PhD student in Finance, School of Business Management and Administrative Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-Pakistan 3. Institute of Business and health Management, Dow University, Karachi -Pakistan PAPER INFO ABSTRACT Received: September 18, 2019 Accepted: December 25, 2019 Online: December 31, 2019 This study aims to investigate the well-established governanceperformance relationship for a sample of 201Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) listed firms over the period of 2010-2018 in the context of an important firm characteristics i.e. firm size. Sample firms categorized into small and large size based on total assets. Firm performance measures through ROA, ROE, and Tobin’s Q. Panel econometrics techniques namely fixed effect model and random effect model applied to bridge the relationship between CG and firm performance after confounding effects of firm size, leverage, and firm age. Large firms have higher profit which endorses the size effects benefits enjoying by big firms than smaller firms. Furthermore, large firms better implemented the governance code than small firms. Overall CG remains significant towards accounting return (ROA) and market measures (Tobin’s Q) but remains valueless in terms of return on equity (ROE). In the perspective of firm size, larger firms got enriched with higher profit through better implementation of governance mechanism than smaller firms which remains deprived from this values enhancing effect of corporate governance. Results suggest to strengthen the governance mechanism in smaller firms too, to reap the benefits of CG in terms of higher profitability
Evaluation of Children with Infantile Wheezing at The Age of Six: A New Asthma Predictive Index

Background: Recurrent wheezing is a common problem in young children. It is difficult to diagnose real asthma in children under 6 years of age because of different phenotypes of wheezing related disorders in this age group. Patients and Method: This study was performed in the outpatient clinic of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Department. This study includes 208 children who visited at least three times during the first three years of their lives with the complaints of wheezing attacks. Those who visited the department with the diseases such as congenital malformation, gastro esophageal reflux, tracheobronchial fistula, aspiration syndrome, heart failure, cystic fibrosis and immunodeficiency were eliminated and excluded from the study. Findings: Transient early wheezing 107 (51,4%), non atopic wheezing 28 (13,5%), atopic wheezing 73 (35,1%) have been detected. Sixty five (31,3%) of the children were females and 143 (68,7%) were males. After the separate and together evaluation of the risk factors we have developed an asthma prediction index. The values of the index have been found as it is written below. The sensitivity 83%, specificity 90,7%, positive predictive value 89,2%, negative predictive value was 85,2%. Conclusion: It might be possible to distinguish which of the children who comes to the department with the complaints of recurrent wheezing might suffer from asthma by using the asthma prediction index. It might also be possible to change the natural course of the disease by developing early intervene strategies
Injection de spin dans des systèmes à base de semiconducteurs III-V en vue de nouveaux composants spintroniques

La spintronique dans les semiconducteurs vise a utiliser le spin de l’electron comme degre de liberte supplementaire (en plus de la charge electrique) afin de vehiculer l’information, ce qui permettrait la mise au point de composants integrant de nouvelles fonctionnalites. Ce travail de these porte sur deux etapes importantes qui doivent etre maitrisees : l’injection electrique de porteurs polarises en spin dans les semiconducteurs III-V, et la manipulation du spin de l’electron (par champ magnetique) dans ces materiaux optimises. Dans un premier temps, la grande efficacite des injecteurs de spin a base de CoFeB/MgO/GaAs est demontree dans des dispositifs de type Diodes Electroluminescentes polarisees en spin (SpinLEDs). La comparaison entre des injecteurs comprenant une barriere tunnel fabriquee soit par pulverisation cathodique, soit par epitaxie par jets moleculaires (MBE), permet de montrer que ces deux techniques donnent des resultats comparables. Dans les deux cas, l’efficacite de l’injection est amelioree par un recuit de l’echantillon autour de 300−350◦C. Le recuit induit une amelioration de la qualite de l’interface CoFeB/MgO. De plus, l’efficacite de l’injection de spin n’est stable en fonction du courant injecte que lorsque la barriere tunnel est fabriquee par pulverisation cathodique. Ceci est dˆu aux caracteristiques de l’interface MgO/GaAs qui different selon la technique de croissance de la barriere. Dans un deuxieme temps, l’injection de spin en l’absence de champ magnetique externe applique est realiseegrâce a un nouveau type d’injecteur constitue d’une electrode de CoFeB ultrafine presentant une aimantation remanente de la couche le long de l’axe de croissance de l’echantillon. Pour la premiere fois des taux de polarisation circulaire de l’electroluminescence de l’ordre de 20% sont mesures a 25 K a champ magnetique nul. Ensuite, la problematique de la relaxation de spin des porteurs injectes dans les vallees L de haute energie dans GaAs (phenomene non negligeable sous injection electrique) est egalement traitee. Nous observons qu’une fraction de la memoire du spin photogenere en L est conservee lorsque les electrons sont diffuses vers la vallee Γ, malgre une relaxation d’energie de plusieurs centaines de meV. Le temps de relaxation de spin dans les vallees L est estime autour de 200 fs. Enfin, nous avons explore le materiau GaAsBi dilue (x ∼ 2.2%) dont la perturbation de la matrice par l’element Bi permet d’attendre des proprietes electroniques et de spin fortement modifiees. Des mesures de photoluminescence ont mis en evidence une diminution de l’energie de bande interdite de l’ordre de 85meV/%Bi. De plus, par la mesure directe des battements quantiques de la polarisation de photoluminescence nous avons determine un facteur de Lande des electrons de conduction de l’ordre de deux fois superieur a celui de GaAs. Ces resultats temoignent de la forte perturbation des etats de valences et de l’augmentation de l’interaction spin-orbite
The diet of Cape clawless otters at two sites along the Bloukrans River, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

The diet of Cape clawless otters was assessed at two sites along the Bloukrans River using faecal analysis. Spraints (n = 78) were collected during 2000 and 2001 and analysed using the relative frequency of occurrence and the reconstituted wet weight methods. Both methods found crab (Potamonautes perlatus)l/Ig to be the most important component (>50%) of the diet. Frog, lIgXenopusl/Ig and lIgRanal/ig spp. , (11-42%) was the second most important component while fish (Micropteris salmoides)l/Ig was relatively unimportant (<14%). Although the diet of Cape clawless otters in the Eastern Cape Province was similar to that reported elsewhere, the fact that they were preying on an alien invasive fish and not the indigenous endemic Sandelia bainsiil/Ig is significant. The validity of faecal analysis methods is also discussed.
Growth and reproductive characteristics of C4 weeds under climatic conditions of the Czech Republic

Climate change could promote the altitudinal spread of C4 weed species since they can benefit from warmer cli mate. The effects of altitude and climatic conditions (the sum of temperatures above 5°C and precipitation) on the biomass and seed production of two annual C4 weeds – Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. – were studied in the Czech Republic. We included both temperature and precipitation variables in the study since they both serve as basic indicators of climate change and thus they have the greatest impact on plant development. The experiment was carried out by sowing both weed species on m 2 area with four replicates in seven localities differing in altitude in 2010 and 2011. We found no significant impacts due to altitude on any variables measured. However, climatic factors explained 44.5% of the variation in plant dry biomass and 41.4% of the seed number produced by A. retroflexus . The same variables did not significantly contribute to the variation in aboveground biomass or seed number of E. crus-galli. These results show the impact of climate conditions to vary be tween species and not to limit reproduction at high altitudes.
Determinants of Private Equity Buyouts Operating Performance: an empirical investigation in Portugal

Apesar do aumento consistente da atividade de Private Equity (PE) nos ultimos anos, a maior parte dos estudos realizados focou-se em poucos paises desenvolvidos, principalmente nos Estados Unidos (EUA), no Reino Unido e na Franca. Contudo, PE tambem estao presentes em mercados menos explorados, observando-se um crescimento da sua atividade em Portugal.Apesar da evidencia empirica de melhorias pos-aquisicao no desempenho operacional para a primeira onda de aquisicoes, particularmente nos EUA, os resultados para a segunda onda de aquisicoes sao menos claros. Os diferentes resultados sao parcialmente explicados pelas diferencas entre as ondas, em termos de dispersao geografica, alavancagem e tipo de transacao.Portanto, examinamos se as aquisicoes levadas a cabo por PE, usando os dados mais recentes das transacoes entre empresas privadas portuguesas, criaram valor e os seus respetivos determinantes. Para uma amostra de 121 aquisicoes concluidas entre 2006 e 2016 mostramos que os ganhos no desempenho operacional sao comparaveis ou levemente abaixo dos resultados observados para empresas de referencia tres anos apos a transacao. Nao obstante, para uma subamostra de 31 transacoes com dados de saida, os ganhos em termos de desempenho operacional excedem os observados para as empresas comparaveis.Mais, uma recente corrente de literatura sugere que os PE criam valor ao mitigar as restricoes financeiras, permitindo que os alvos aproveitem oportunidades de crescimento anteriormente inexploradas. Isto complementa a literatura bem documentada sobre o fato estilizado de que os PE criam valor, atraves da mitigacao de custos de agencia, via estruturas de capital altamente alavancadas.Assim, encontramos alguma evidencia de que a alavancagem, restricoes financeiras e melhorias no desempenho operacional tem poder explicativo sobre os ganhos operacionais. As participadas dos PE apresentam um forte crescimento no volume de negocios, no total de ativos e nos resultados operacionais, em particular, quando antes eram mais propensas a apresentaram restricoes financeiras.
Glossiness, color stability, and surface roughness of wood treated with some bleaching chemicals.

Th e aim of this study was to determine the eff ects of diff erent bleaching chemicals and their treatment time on glossiness, color stability, and surface roughness of wood. Spruce ( Picea orientalis L.) and oak ( Quercus sessilifl ora Salisb.) wood specimens were bleached with aqueous solutions of 25% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 25% ammonia (NH 3), and their mixture (1:1;volume:volume) for 10, 20, and 30 minutes immersing. Glossiness of wood specimens parallel and perpendicular to grain values were measured with Glossmeter at 60-degree incident angle. Color measurements and surface roughness were wade according to ISO 7724 – 2, and ISO 4287 standards, respectively. Results showed that the highest glossiness decrease (0.99) was observed in oak wood treated with ammonia solution perpendicular to grain for 20 min. immersing. Th e highest total color chance (18.88) was observed in oak wood treated with ammonia solution for 30 minutes immersing. All bleaching solutions increased the surface roughness of wood specimens.