Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Charge and doping distributions by capacitance profiling in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

Doping distributions in the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with various gallium contents are analyzed by the use of capacitance-voltage and drive-level capacitance profiling. The influence of deep traps on the evaluation of the spatial-doping distribution in the bulk of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers is discussed. An analysis is presented, which shows that traps labeled N1, commonly observed in these devices, are interface states or compensating donors and their input to the capacitance is related only to the width of the depleted n-type insulating layer. We attribute the apparent increase of doping density toward the back electrode to the accumulation of the electrostatic charge in deep bulk acceptors with a concentration at an order of magnitude higher than net shallow doping. The metastable changes of doping distributions induced by light or reverse bias are also investigated and interpreted in terms of the Lany–Zunger model of VSe-VCu divacancies with negative-U property. All conclusions have been tested by numeric.
Systematic Analysis of Molecular Subtypes Based on the Expression Profile of Immune-Related Genes in Pancreatic Cancer

Immunotherapy has a good therapeutic effect and provides a new approach for cancer treatment. However, only limited studies have focused on the use of molecular typing to construct an immune characteristic index for gene expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and to assess the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with PAAD. Clinical follow-up data and gene expression profile of PAAD patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Based on 184 immune features, molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer were found by the “ConsensusClusterPlus” package, and the association between clinical features and immune cell subtype distribution was analysed. In addition, the relationship between the proportion of immune subtypes and the expression of immune checkpoints was analysed. The CIBERSORT algorithm was introduced to evaluate the immune scores of different molecular subtypes. We used the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm to assess the potential clinical effect of immunotherapy interventions on single-molecule subtypes. In addition, the oxidative stress index was constructed by linear discriminant analysis DNA (LDA), and weighted correlation network analysis was performed to identify the core module of the index and its characteristic genes. Expression of hub genes was verified by immunohistochemical analysis in an independent PAAD cohort. Pancreatic cancer is divided into three molecular subtypes (IS1, IS2, and IS3), with significant differences in prognosis between multiple cohorts. Expression of immune checkpoint-associated genes was significantly reduced in IS3 and higher in IS1 and IS2, suggesting that the three subgroups have different responsiveness to immunotherapy interventions. The results of the CIBERSORT analysis showed that IS1 exhibited the highest levels of immune infiltration, whereas the results of the TIDE analysis showed that the T-cell dysfunction score of IS1 was higher than that of IS2 and IS3. Furthermore, IS3 was found to be more sensitive to 5-FU and to have a higher immune signature index than IS1 and IS2. Based on WGCNA analysis, 10 potential gene markers were identified, and their expression at the protein level was verified by immunohistochemical analysis. Specific molecular expression patterns in pancreatic cancer can predict the efficacy of immunotherapy and influence the prognosis of patients.
Psychosocial Problems Experienced by Infertile Women and Stigmatization: A Qualitative Study

Purpose: This study aims to determine the psychosocial problems experienced by infertile women and their stigmatization statuses. Methods: This study qualitative was conducted in the Assisted Reproductive Treatment Center of a university hospital in Turkey between November 2016-May 2017. Sample of the study was consisted 42 infertile women who agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected through a semi-structured “Interview Form” consisting of eight open-ended questions to determine the psychosocial problems experienced by the women in relation to infertility. Collected data were analyzed with method of content analysis. Results: From the in-depth interviews conducted with the infertile women, four main themes emerged to include ten sub-themes revealing the psychosocial problems they experienced and their stigmatization statuses as sorrow, feeling of guilt, childlessness stigmatization, loss of feeling of motherhood, stress (psychologically), perceived social pressure, social isolation (socially), lack of sexual drive, feeling of sexual failure (sexual life) and financial loss (economically). Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that the women who were receiving infertility treatment experienced many psychosocial problems and stigmatization due to their childlessness, and they limited their social lives to especially avoid questions directed to them about having a child and avoid talking to pregnant women/families and women/families with children. Based on these results, it is recommended for nurses who work at assisted reproductive treatment centers and especially have the opportunity to communicate with infertile women for longer to determine the psychosocial problems experienced by women throughout treatment process and provide psychosocial support and counselling they need.
Pressure dependence of the blue luminescence in Mg-doped GaN

We report the hydrostatic pressure dependence of the blue luminescence band observed at ∼2.8 eV in heavily magnesium-doped GaN (GaN:Mg) epilayers grown on sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Photoluminescence (PL) studies carried out up to 6 and 8 GPa, respectively, at room and low (10 K) temperature show that the pressure-induced energy shift of this PL band is ∼26 meV/GPa. This blueshift is about 40% less than the shift observed for the band edge in GaN. A substantially smaller pressure coefficient suggests that the 2.8 eV PL transition is associated with the recombination via deep centers.
Shock front instability associated with reflected ions at the perpendicular shock

Two-dimensional hybrid simulations of perpendicular, supercritical collisionless shocks are carried out in a geometry with the magnetic field perpendicular to the simulation plane so that parallel propagating fluctuations, such as Alfven ion cyclotron waves, are suppressed. In terms of average profile and large downstream ion temperature anisotropy, the results resemble those from earlier one-dimensional hybrid simulations, and differ markedly from the results of two-dimensional simulations in which field-parallel propagating fluctuations are included. In addition, we find an instability at the shock front, in which a pattern of magnetic field and density enhancements propagates along the shock surface in the direction of gyration and at the average speed of the ions reflected at the shock. The instability mechanism depends on a spatio-temporal modulation of the fraction of reflected ions over the shock surface. The instability has a threshold that depends on the Mach number and the upstream ion plasma beta, being stabilized by an increased beta and decreased Mach number. In a realistic three-dimensional planar shock, this instability will be only one of several mechanisms contributing to shock front nonstationarity. However, at a three-dimensional curved shock, there is a region where the instability mechanism described may dominate.
Driver Vigilance State Estimation Based on Multisource Data

Accurate estimation of driver vigilance state is important for improving driving safety and preventing accidents. Previous studies have extensively investigated the potential of driving performance measures (e.g., lane position, steering wheel angle, and lateral acceleration) and eye movement measures (e.g., glance frequency and duration) on the driver’s vigilance state estimation. However, the change in these measures may be caused by various factors. Therefore, comprehensively involving more direct measures (e.g., drivers’ electroencephalogram (EEG) response) is expected to increase the vigilance estimation performance. This study comprehensively uses measures across different functional domains (i.e., driving performance, eye movement, and EEG) to establish an estimation model of the driver’s vigilance state. Twenty participants were assigned a 2-h sustained-attention driving task in a simulator, in which they followed a lead car closely. According to their brake reaction times (RTs) to the brake signal of the lead vehicle, their vigilance states were divided into three levels (i.e., low, medium, and high). A logistic regression model that estimates drivers’ vigilance state level based on multisource data was established. This model is a promising approach to driver states detection and reveals the factors that should be considered in subsequent model development processes. It can be combined with driver vigilance arousal methods to improve driving safety.
Seismic Noise Interferometry and Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS): Inverting for the Firn Layer S‐Velocity Structure on Rutford Ice Stream, Antarctica

Firn densification profiles are an important parameter for ice‐sheet mass balance and palaeoclimate studies. One conventional method of investigating firn profiles is using seismic refraction surveys, but these are difficult to upscale to large‐area measurements. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) presents an opportunity for large‐scale seismic measurements of firn with dense spatial sampling and easy deployment, especially when seismic noise is used. We study the feasibility of seismic noise interferometry (SI) on DAS data for characterizing the firn layer at the Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica. Dominant seismic energy appears to come from anthropogenic noise and shear‐margin crevasses. The DAS cross‐correlation interferometry yields noisy Rayleigh wave signals. To overcome this, we present two strategies for cross‐correlations: (a) hybrid instruments—correlating a geophone with DAS, and (b) stacking of selected cross‐correlation panels picked in the tau‐p domain. These approaches are validated with results derived from an active survey. Using the retrieved Rayleigh wave dispersion curve, we inverted for a high‐resolution 1D S‐wave velocity profile down to a depth of 100 m. The profile shows a “kink” (velocity gradient inflection) at ∼12 m depth, resulting from a change of compaction mechanism. A triangular DAS array is used to investigate directional variation in velocity, which shows no evident variations thus suggesting a lack of azimuthal anisotropy in the firn. Our results demonstrate the potential of using DAS and SI to image the near‐surface and present a new approach to derive S‐velocity profiles from surface wave inversion in firn studies.
Critical Current Density in d-Wave Hubbard Superconductors

In this work, the Generalized Hubbard Model on a square lattice is applied to evaluate the electrical current density of high critical temperature d-wave superconductors with a set of Hamiltonian parameters allowing them to reach critical temperatures close to 100 K. The appropriate set of Hamiltonian parameters permits us to apply our model to real materials, finding a good quantitative fit with important macroscopic superconducting properties such as the critical superconducting temperature (Tc) and the critical current density (Jc). We propose that much as in a dispersive medium, in which the velocity of electrons can be estimated by the gradient of the dispersion relation ∇ε(k), the electron velocity is proportional to ∇E(k) in the superconducting state (where E(k)=(ε(k)−μ)2+Δ2(k) is the dispersion relation of the quasiparticles, and k is the electron wave vector). This considers the change of ε(k) with respect to the chemical potential (μ) and the formation of pairs that gives rise to an excitation energy gap Δ(k) in the electron density of states across the Fermi level. When ε(k)=μ at the Fermi surface (FS), only the term for the energy gap remains, whose magnitude reflects the strength of the pairing interaction. Under these conditions, we have found that the d-wave symmetry of the pairing interaction leads to a maximum critical current density in the vicinity of the antinodal k-space direction (π,0) of approximately 1.407236×108 A/cm2, with a much greater current density along the nodal direction (π2,π2) of 2.214702×109 A/cm2. These results allow for the establishment of a maximum limit for the critical current density that could be attained by a d-wave superconductor.
A framework for prioritizing contaminants in retrospective ecological assessments: Application in the Milwaukee Estuary (Milwaukee, WI)

Watersheds are subjected to diverse anthropogenic inputs, exposing aquatic biota to a wide range of chemicals. Detection of multiple, different chemicals can challenge natural resource managers who often have to determine where to allocate potentially limited resources. Here, we describe a weight‐of‐evidence framework for retrospectively prioritizing aquatic contaminants. To demonstrate framework utility, we used data from 96‐h caged fish studies to prioritize chemicals detected in the Milwaukee Estuary (WI, USA; 2017–2018). Across study years, 77/178 targeted chemicals were detected. Chemicals were assigned prioritization scores based on spatial and temporal detection frequency, environmental distribution, environmental fate, ecotoxicological potential, and effect prediction. Chemicals were sorted into priority bins based on the intersection of prioritization score and data availability. Data‐limited chemicals represented those that did not have sufficient data to adequately evaluate ecotoxicological potential or environmental fate. Seven compounds (fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene, atrazine, metolachlor, phenanthrene, and DEET) were identified as high or medium priority and data sufficient and flagged as candidates for further effects‐based monitoring studies. Twenty‐one compounds were identified as high or medium priority and data limited and flagged as candidates for further ecotoxicological research. Fifteen chemicals were flagged as the lowest priority in the watershed. One of these chemicals (2‐methylnaphthalene) displayed no data limitations and was flagged as a definitively low‐priority chemical. The remaining chemicals displayed some data limitations and were considered lower‐priority compounds (contingent on further ecotoxicological and environmental fate assessments). The remaining 34 compounds were flagged as low or medium priority. Altogether, this prioritization provided a screening‐level (non‐definitive) assessment that could be used to focus further resource management and risk assessment activities in the Milwaukee Estuary. Furthermore, by providing detailed methodology and a practical example with real experimental data, we demonstrated that the proposed framework represents a transparent and adaptable approach for prioritizing contaminants in freshwater environments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1276–1296. © 2022 SETAC
Modified Highland Barley Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Liver Injury in High Fat and Cholesterol Diet ICR Mice

Highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L. HB) has been demonstrated to have a series of dietotherapy values, including being low fat, low sugar, high fiber, and especially high in β-glucan. Long-term consumption could reduce the incidence of chronic diseases and metabolic syndromes. In this study, the regulating effect of modified highland barley (MHB) products, namely microwave fluidized HB, extruded and puffed HB, and ultrafine pulverized HB on lipid metabolism and liver injury in mice fed a high fat and cholesterol diet (HFCD) was investigated using microbiota diversity gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. A total of six groups of mice were supplemented with a normal diet or an HFCD, with or without MHB, and the experimental period lasted 10 weeks. The obtained results demonstrated that MHB supplementation could effectively reverse the increase in body weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation caused by an HFCD (p < 0.05). Moreover, serum biochemical parameters showed that MHB supplementation significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The results of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) assays showed that MHB supplementation could significantly improve the liver injury and adipose tissue accumulation. In addition, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that MHB supplementation increased the bacteroidetes/firmicutes ratio and the abundance Lactobacillus abundance, while also decreasing the Proteobacteria abundance, which are bacteria closely associated with the hyperlipidemia caused by HFCD. LC-MS metabolomics indicated that MHB supplementation significantly enhanced the levels of Deoxycholic acid, Myclobutanil, 3-Epiecdysone, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid, and so on. In addition, MHB supplementation promoted activation of the Arachidonic acid metabolism pathways, the expression of ABC transporters, bile secretion, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and so on. Above all, this study showed the potential capacity of MHB to relieve hyperlipidemia and provides a reference for developing a new dietary intervention supplement to ameliorate hyperlipidemia.
KIF11 As a Potential Pan-Cancer Immunological Biomarker Encompassing the Disease Staging, Prognoses, Tumor Microenvironment, and Therapeutic Responses

KIF11 is one of the 45 family members of kinesin superfamily proteins that functions as a motor protein in mitosis. Emerging evidence revealed that KIF11 plays pivotal roles in cancer initiation, development, and progression. However, the prognostic, oncological, and immunological values of KIF11 have not been comprehensively explored in pan-cancer. In present study, we comprehensively interrogated the role of KIF11 in tumor progression, tumor stemness, genomic heterogeneity, tumor immune infiltration, immune evasion, therapy response, and prognosis of cohorts from various cancer types. In general, KIF11 was significantly upregulated in tumors compared with paired normal tissues. KIF11 showed strong relationships with pathological stage, prognosis, tumor stemness, genomic heterogeneity, neoantigens, ESTIMATE, immune checkpoint, and drug sensitivity. The methylation level of KIF11 decreased in most cancers and was correlated with the survival probability in different human cancers. The expression of KIF11 was diverse in different molecular and immune subtypes and remarkably correlated with immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Comparative study revealed that KIF11 was a powerful biomarker and associated with immune, targeted, and chemotherapeutic outcomes in various cancers. In addition, KIF11 interaction and coexpression networks mainly participated in the regulation of cell cycle, cell division, p53 signaling pathway, DNA repair and recombination, chromatin organization, antigen processing and presentation, and drug resistance. Our pan-cancer analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the functions of KIF11 in oncogenesis, progression, and therapy in different cancers. KIF11 may serve as a potential prognostic and immunological pan-cancer biomarker. Moreover, KIF11 could be a novel target for tumor immunotherapy.
Discovery of a Subarcsecond Radio Binary Associated with the SVS 13 Star in the HH 7-11 Region

We report the discovery of a double radio continuum source (VLA 4A and 4B) associated with the optically visible star SVS 13. The two components of the radio source are separated by 0. ″3, corresponding to a projected separation of 65 AU for a distance of 220 pc. We propose that the radio sources trace the components of a binary system. The observed separation implies a lower limit of ~135 yr for the orbital period, for a binary system with a total mass of 2 M☉. We suggest that, as in other pre-main-sequence binaries, the two components of the system could be in different evolutionary stages and/or suffer from different extinction, with the more extincted object being associated with the previously reported millimeter source, while the other component would correspond to the visible star SVS 13. Since an increase in the optical/near-infrared brightness of the SVS 13 star was observed around 1990, we speculate that such flux variations could be due to the reappearance of the optical component previously occulted by the circumstellar envelope/disk of dust associated with the millimeter component. The observed separation implies a radius of ~60 AU for the presumed dust envelope and suggests an orbital period of ~1700 yr and a duration of the occultation of ~185 yr. We expect that other subarcsecond binary systems, which remain unresolved, could present an anomalous behavior that may be explained by assuming the presence of a binary system whose components are in different evolutionary stages and/or suffer from different extinction.
Media Platforms and Stock Performance: Evidence From Internet News

Media-aware stock performance has been well recognized in recent studies. Previous research, however, focused on the content influence of the media, ignoring the manner in which the media is delivered. Based on the trust theory, this study argues that the media platforms, as media distribution vehicles and trust endorsement for news, are themselves influential on the stock market. This paper collected news data from seven Chinese mainstream media platforms and classified them into official, professional, and mass media platforms to investigate the impact of different platforms. The authors find that high official and professional media coverage predict increased abnormal returns, while high mass media coverage predicts the opposite. In addition, this paper systematically explores the mechanism of media platforms on stock performance from the perspectives of platform content, audience, and publication timeliness. The findings include that investors' attention to media platforms has a moderating effect on the stock performance, and such an effect is more salient in bear markets.
The Eudemonic and Hedonic Impacts of Attending Live and Virtual Music and Art Events

This paper examines the under-investigated well-being impacts of arts and music events attendance, in both a live and virtual capacity. Using eudaimonia and hedonia as a measure for well-being, three objectives were investigated; 1) Do live arts and music events meet attendees eudemonic and hedonic needs? 2) Do virtual arts and music events meet attendees eudemonic and hedonic needs? 3) How do live and virtual music and art events compare in meeting attendees eudemonic and hedonic needs? The study focused on attendee’s experiences having attended both live and virtual events. Using nine semi-structured interviews this research found that live music and art events offer more eudemonic and hedonic impacts for the attendee than virtual events. Additionally, participants at live events experienced hedonia, although it was unclear whether all participants experienced eudaimonia, achieving overall well-being. Participants of virtual events, on the other hand felt that the social aspects and atmosphere were lacking, while a few of the participants did not achieve any eudemonic or hedonic impacts on their well-being.
COMPARISON OF FINITE VOLUME AND FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS AND APPLICATION

In this article, we consider finite volume methods based on a non-uniform grid. Finite volume methods are compared to finite difference methods based on a related grid. As an application, various convergence results are proved for the finite volume function spaces and for some model elliptic and parabolic boundary value problems using these discretization spaces.