Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Identity and Health-related Outcomes in a National Sample of College Students

ABSTRACT Background: College health education professionals need a comprehensive understanding of student health outcomes to promote health for all students. Purpose: To examine health-related outcomes by gender identity in a national sample of college students. Methods: Participants (n = 85,912) completed the National College Health Assessment IIc during the 2017–18 academic year. Forty-seven outcomes were compared between cisgender (CG; n = 83,425), transgender (TG; n = 1,439), and non-binary, non-transgender (NBNT; n = 1,048) students using separate logistic regression models and adjusting for age, race and relationship status. Results: There was a significant difference between groups for most outcomes, with TG and NBNT being more likely than CG to experience unhealthy outcomes. A similar pattern emerged for 31 of the variables, with TG and NBNT being significantly different from CG but not significantly different from each other. The greatest differences were found in the areas of drug use and mental/emotional health. Discussion: The results of this study indicate important differences in health outcomes by gender identity among college students. Translation to Health Education Practice: It is critical that health education professionals consider the unique experiences of TG and NBNT students when developing comprehensive interventions to improve their overall health status.
VAE-Info-cGAN: generating synthetic images by combining pixel-level and feature-level geospatial conditional inputs

Training robust supervised deep learning models for many geospatial applications of computer vision is difficult due to dearth of class-balanced and diverse training data. Conversely, obtaining enough training data for many applications is financially prohibitive or may be infeasible, especially when the application involves modeling rare or extreme events. Synthetically generating data (and labels) using a generative model that can sample from a target distribution and exploit the multi-scale nature of images can be an inexpensive solution to address scarcity of labeled data. Towards this goal, we present a deep conditional generative model, called VAE-Info-cGAN, that combines a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) with a conditional Information Maximizing Generative Adversarial Network (InfoGAN), for synthesizing semantically rich images simultaneously conditioned on a pixel-level condition (PLC) and a macroscopic feature-level condition (FLC). Dimensionally, the PLC can only vary in the channel dimension from the synthesized image and is meant to be a task-specific input. The FLC is modeled as an attribute vector, a, in the latent space of the generated image which controls the contributions of various characteristic attributes germane to the target distribution. During generation, a is sampled from U[0, 1], while it is learned directly from the ground truth during training. An interpretation of a to systematically generate synthetic images by varying a chosen binary macroscopic feature is explored by training a linear binary classifier in the latent space. Experiments on a GPS trajectories dataset show that the proposed model can accurately generate various forms of spatio-temporal aggregates across different geographic locations while conditioned only on a raster representation of the road network. The primary intended application of the VAE-Info-cGAN is synthetic data (and label) generation for targeted data augmentation for computer vision-based modeling of problems relevant to geospatial analysis and remote sensing.
Hantavirus Infection Is Inhibited by Griffithsin in Cell Culture

Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV), highly pathogenic hantaviruses, cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Americas. Currently no therapeutics are approved for use against these infections. Griffithsin (GRFT) is a high-mannose oligosaccharide-binding lectin currently being evaluated in phase I clinical trials as a topical microbicide for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT04032717, NCT02875119) and has shown broad-spectrum in vivo activity against other viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, hepatitis C virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Nipah virus. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of GRFT and its synthetic trimeric tandemer 3mGRFT against ANDV and SNV. Our results demonstrate that GRFT is a potent inhibitor of ANDV infection. GRFT inhibited entry of pseudo-particles typed with ANDV envelope glycoprotein into host cells, suggesting that it inhibits viral envelope protein function during entry. 3mGRFT is more potent than GRFT against ANDV and SNV infection. Our results warrant the testing of GRFT and 3mGRFT against ANDV infection in animal models.
The Coexistence of Genetic Mutations in Thyroid Carcinoma Predicts Histopathological Factors Associated With a Poor Prognosis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Purpose Genetic mutations may play an important role in the progression and invasion of thyroid carcinoma (TC), and their coexistence may result in mutational synergy. The presence of the BRAFV600E mutation, as well as mutations affecting the TERT promoter, RAS, CHEK2 and RET/PTC, may all have an impact on prognosis. The aim of this study was to explore whether synergy between the coexistent mutations predicts histopathological prognostic factors that influence disease outcome. Methods A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library, from their inception until January 2020. Primary outcomes included: disease stage, lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension and distant metastasis; while, secondary outcomes included: tumor recurrence, mortality, invasion of thyroid capsule, multiplicity, presented as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% credible intervals (CrI). Results 27 publications (comprising 9 active intervention arms), involving 8,388 TC patients, were selected. Network meta-analytic estimates of active interventions contrasted with other active interventions, with random effects, were calculated. In terms of outcomes focus on overall TC, BRAFV600E + TERT co-mutation ranked highest for diseases stage (OR = 5.74, 95% CrI: 3.09–10.66), as well as lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension (5.74, 4.06–8.10), tumor recurrence (7.21, 3.59–14.47), and invasion of the thyroid capsule (3.11, 1.95–4.95). BRAFV600E + TERT co-mutation ranked secondary in distant metastasis, mortality, and multiplicity that ranked highest was TERT+RAS or RAS. When we were limited to the study of patients with papillary TC (PTC), BRAFV600E + TERT always ranked highest for primary outcomes: disease stage (6.39, 3.13–13.04), lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension (5.80,3.89–8.64) and distant metastasis (7.33, 3.00–17.89), while BRAFV600E + TERT again ranked highest in secondary outcomes: tumor recurrence (7.23,3.37–15.51), mortality (9.26, 3.02–28.42), invasion of thyroid capsule (3.20,2.01–5.11), and multiplicity. Conclusions In this molecular marker mutation-based systematic review and network meta-analysis, we found that coexistent BRAFV600E + TERT genetic co-mutations predicted poor histopathological prognosis, including progression, invasion, and metastasis, especially in PTC. For the overall TC, the BRAFV600E + TERT + RAS triple mutations may have a greater impact on the prognosis, and further research should related to potentially important features. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019143242.
Dominant Antibiotic Consumption Patterns Might Be Associated With the Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in European Countries

Background/Aim: With a prevalence of 50-300 per 100,000 people, about 2.3 million people are estimated to live with multiple sclerosis (MS) globally. The role of antibiotics in the development, or prevention of MS is controversial. We aimed to elucidate the association between antibiotic consumption and MS. Patients and Methods: Pearson statistical comparisons were performed between the annual average antibiotic consumption patterns expressed in Defined Daily Dose/1,000 inhabitants/Day of the antibiotic consumption for the years of 1997-2018 in 30 European countries, with the respective prevalence of MS estimated for 2016. Results: A positive correlation (promoting effect) has been observed between narrow spectrum penicillin (r=0.636) and tetracycline (r=0.412) consumption with MS prevalence. Conclusion: Countries, with high consumption of narrow spectrum penicillin and tetracycline, experience a higher prevalence of MS than other countries.
How Main Street Drives Wall Street: Customer (Dis)satisfaction, Short Sellers, and Abnormal Returns

Although previous studies have established a direct link between customer-based metrics and stock returns, research is unclear on the mediated nature of their association. The authors examine the association of customer satisfaction and abnormal stock returns, as mediated by the trading behavior of short sellers. Using quarterly data from 273 firms over 2007–2017, the authors find that short interest—a measure of short seller activity—mediates the impact of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction on abnormal stock returns. Customer dissatisfaction has a more pronounced effect on short selling compared with customer satisfaction. In addition, customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction are more relevant for firms with low capital intensity and firms that face lower competitive intensity. The results show that a one-unit increase in customer satisfaction is associated with a . 56 percentage point increase in abnormal returns, while a one-unit increase in customer dissatisfaction is associated with a 1.34 percentage point decrease in abnormal returns.
Substrate Inhibition Kinetics of Phenol Biodegradation

Phenol biodegradation was studied in batch experiments using an acclimated inoculum and initial phenol concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.3 g/L. Phenol depletion and associated microbial growth were monitored over time to provide information that was used to estimate the kinetics of phenol biodegradation. Phenol inhibited biodegradation at high concentrations, and a generalized substrate inhibition model based on statistical thermodynamics was used to describe the dynamics of microbial growth in phenol. For experimental data obtained in this study, the generalized substrate inhibition model reduced to a form that is analogous to the Andrews equation, and the biokinetic parameters max, maximum specific growth; Ks', saturation constant; and Ki', inhibition constant were estimated as 0.251 h 2 1 , 0.011 g/L, and 0.348 g/L, respectively, using a nonlinear least squares technique. Given the wide variability in substrate inhibition models used to describe phenol biodegradation, an attempt was made to justify selection of a particular model based on theoretical considerations. Phenol biodegradation data from nine previously published studies were used in the generalized substrate inhibition model to determine the appropriate form of the substrate inhibition model. In all nine cases, the generalized substrate inhibition model reduced to a form analogous to the Andrews equation suggesting the suitability of the Andrews equation to describe phenol biodegradation data.
Developmental Potential of Abnormally Fertilized Oocytes and the Associated Clinical Outcomes

This study aims to investigate the embryo development potential of extending the culture of abnormally fertilized zygotes with no pronuclear (0PN), monopronuclear (1PN), and poor-quality day 3 embryos and to determine the associated clinical outcomes. This is a retrospective study performed between January 2014 and May 2018 at Jinhua People’s Hospital. The normal developed embryos and the abnormal 0PN, 1PN, and poor-quality day 3 embryos were cultured to day 5 or 6 for embryo transfer. Clinical outcomes resulting from abnormal embryos and normally developed embryos were compared. A total of 6466 embryos (1542 0PN, 852 1PN, and 4072 poor-quality day 3 embryos) from 831 treatment cycles were cultured to the blastocyst stage. The total blastulation rate was 17.3% (1121/6466) with 18.2% in 0PN, 26.1% in 1PN, and 15.2% in poor-quality day 3 embryos. The rate for good-quality blastocyst formation was 9.5% (616/6466) with 11.2% in 0PN group, 14.8% in 1PN group, and 7.8% in poor-quality day 3 embryos, respectively. Blastulation rates of 0PN and 1PN derived from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were significantly lower compared with the in vitro fertilization group. A total of 243 cycles were transferred with blastocysts originating from abnormal embryos, resulting in 109 (44.9%) clinical pregnancies and 19 (17.4%) miscarriages; in the control group, a total of 350 cycles resulted in 214 (61.1%) clinical pregnancies and 18 (8.4%) miscarriages. The live birth rate was significantly lower in the abnormal embryo group than that in the control group. Collectively, conventional in vitro fertilization derived 0PN and 1PN zygotes, not ICSI, together with day 3 embryos with poor quality, that were able to reach the blastocyst stage and produce a fair pregnancy rate and live birth rate.
Green Tax Reform and Employment Double Dividend in Australia Should Australia Follow Europe’s Footsteps? A CGE Analysis

Australia has one of the highest per capita carbon emissions, and its energy sector contributes significantly to the country’s carbon emissions. Renewable energy and climate change call for a shift from fossil fuels to low-carbon technologies for energy production. Policies aiming to reduce carbon emissions are perceived by many people as leading to higher living costs, but changes in energy policies can also lead to economic gains in the presence of revenue recycling. This article applies a computable general equilibrium approach to study the effect of energy tax in the Australian economy. Four different scenarios of green tax reform (GTR) are simulated to test the employment double dividend (EDD) potential. All four scenarios simulate changes in energy tax and one of four tax revenue recycling policies including (a) value added tax reduction, (b) payroll tax reduction, (c) goods and services tax (GST) reduction and (d) a mixture of all three recycling policies. The results show strong EDD potential of GST and payroll tax reduction when used along with energy tax in a revenue-neutral GTR approach. The study also presents a comparison of an optimal EDD inducive policy design between the European and Australian GTR approaches. JEL classifications: H23, C68, H21, Q48
Belgium experience in disaster victim identification applied in handling terrorist attack at Brussels Airport 2016

Abstract The Belgian disaster victim identification (DVI) team is involved in many investigations in our country. Indeed, this specialized team of the federal police oversees searching for and investigating criminally buried dead bodies, identification of unknown putrefied corpses, and more. The Belgian DVI team also assists with the identification of victims of mass disasters (natural, accidental, and mass murders). In this article, we consider the contributions of different teams (forensic pathology, anthropology, and odontology, federal police, and crime scene investigation) both on the scene of the attack at the Brussels National Airport (Zaventem) and in the laboratory work (autopsies, sample studies).
Flowering and Fruiting Phenology of Woody Trees in the Tropical-Seasonal Rainforest, Southwestern China

The reproductive phenology of tropical plants is potentially driven by a number of abiotic and biotic factors. However, it is still unclear as to which climatic factors and biotic interactions drive the reproductive phenology of woody trees in the tropical seasonal rainforest of Xishuangbanna region in Southwest China. We conducted observations on woody plants (including trees and shrubs) phenology between November 2004 and October 2007 at bi-weekly intervals in the one hectare permanent plot of tropical seasonal rainforest in Southwest China. A total of 357 individuals of 76 species (70 genera, 37 families),comprising of 59 (78%) woody trees and 17(22%) shrub species were observed. Our results demonstrate that flowering an fruiting frequencies show slight temporal variation between years. Flowering was significantly correlated with day-length, temperature and rainfall and fruiting was significantly correlated with rainfall and temperature. This finding indicates that woody tree reproductive phenology was primarily associated with temperature and rainfall and to a lesser extent with day-length. Reproductive phenology is also linked to seasonal patterns with flowering peaking in the late dry season and fruiting peaking in the late wet season. Moreover, reproductive phenology is also significantly associated with reproductive ecological guilds such as pollination types and dispersal modes. Community reproductive phenology is associated with climatic seasonality and biotic interactions. It also suggests that seasonal phenology patterns may play a fundamental role in community reproductive success in the tropical seasonal rainforest of Xishuangbanna region of South-west China.
Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network Based Intrusion Detection System

Identifying threats contained within encrypted network traffic poses a great challenge to Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Because traditional approaches like deep packet inspection could not operate on encrypted network traffic, machine learning-based IDS is a promising solution. However, machine learning-based IDS requires enormous amounts of statistical data based on network traffic flow as input data and also demands high computing power for processing, but is slow in detecting intrusions. We propose a lightweight IDS that transforms raw network traffic into representation images. We begin by inspecting the characteristics of malicious network traffic of the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset. We then adapt methods for effectively representing those characteristics into image data. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based detection model is used to identify malicious traffic underlying within image data. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed lightweight IDS, we conduct three simulations on two datasets that contain encrypted traffic with current network attack scenarios. The experiment results show that our proposed IDS is capable of achieving 95% accuracy with a reasonable detection time while requiring relatively small size training data.
Most ReLU Networks Suffer from $\ell^2$ Adversarial Perturbations

We consider ReLU networks with random weights, in which the dimension decreases at each layer. We show that for most such networks, most examples $x$ admit an adversarial perturbation at an Euclidean distance of $O\left(\frac{\|x\|}{\sqrt{d}}\right)$, where $d$ is the input dimension. Moreover, this perturbation can be found via gradient flow, as well as gradient descent with sufficiently small steps. This result can be seen as an explanation to the abundance of adversarial examples, and to the fact that they are found via gradient descent.
Effect of genotype and sex on carcass characteristics of chickens raised in extensive system

The aim of this work was to examine the possibility of using different poultry breeds for meat production in extensive systems, concerning their slaughter traits. Total of 200 birds of two genotypes were used in this trial: fastgrowing hybrid Ross 308 and pure breed White Rock. Chicks were raised indoors until the age of 4 weeks and subsequently they were enabled to access the range. The trial lasted for 13 weeks. At the end of the trial, 10 male and 10 female chicks per breed were sacrificed for the evaluation of slaughter traits – dressing percentage, yield and share of carcass parts. It was established that both genotype and sex significantly affected carcass traits while genotype affected production traits. Chickens of the Ross 308 hybrid had higher body weights, better feed conversion ratio and higher mortality rate. Chickens of the Ross 308 hybrid had dressing percentage compared to the White Rock breed, while the male chickens had higher dressing percentage compared to the female ones. Chickens of the Ross 308 hybrid had a significantly larger weight and share of breast meat, whereas those of the White Rock breed had a larger share of drumsticks and thighs. A significant influence of the genotype was determined on the amount of abdominal fat in the carcass. Chickens of the White Rock breed had a significantly lower fat content compared to the Ross 308 hybrid, which essentially makes them the genotype which is more suitable for the extensive fattening longer than 10 weeks.
Serum level of progranulin in patients with psoriasis and its relation to disease severity

Background Studies have identified progranulin (PGRN) as a proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory protein. Data from other several inflammatory diseases suggest the role of this adipokine in psoriatic pathophysiology. Objective The aim was to investigate serum levels of PGRN in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls, and to consider their relation to disease duration, disease severity, and obesity markers. Patients and methods Serum PGRN concentrations were measured in 37 patients with active plaque-type psoriasis and 25 healthy controls by using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Patients with psoriasis showed higher levels of serum PGRN compared with healthy controls (P<0.033). Concentrations of serum PGRN showed significant positive correlation with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score, BMI, and waist circumference (P<0.001). Conclusion Serum PGRN could be a useful biomarker of psoriasis severity and could be a potential target for new therapies for psoriasis.
Incidence and Trends of Breast and Cervical Cancers: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis

Abstract Background: Breast and cervical cancers are two major cancers affecting women's health. Breast cancer is the most invasive cancer, and cervical cancer is the fourth most leading cause of death among women. Analysis of updated incidence data and their trends would help policymakers in planning and organizing programs to reduce the burden. This study aims to present regional variations in recent years and study trends of both the cancers in India. Materials and Methods: For recent incidence rates of cervical and breast cancers, data were obtained from the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) reports (2009–2011) for 25 registries and of 2012–2014 for 27 registries. Trends were studied for data obtained from different NCRP reports for the years 1982–2014 in six major registries. One in number of person who developed cancer and the annual Percentage change in incidence were calculated along with the trend analysis for both the cancers. The Joinpoint Regression Model was used for trend analysis. Results: The age-adjusted rate (AAR) of incidence of breast cancer in the South region was 36.78 in 2009–2011 as against the North region with 41 in 2012–2014. One in number who develop breast cancer remains highest in the North-East region but changed from 167 in 2009 to 200 in 2012. Cervical cancer was also the highest in the North-East region during 2009 and 2012. There is an increase in the overall cervical cancer incidence with 24.3 AAR in 2009 to 28.0 in 2012 and one in 200 who develop cervical cancer in 2009 to 250 in 2012. The trend analysis for six major registries showed an increase in the incidence of breast cancer, with the highest increase in New Delhi (3.22), and decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer, with the highest decrease in Mumbai (−1.21). Conclusion: There has been an exponential increasing trend in breast cancer and a steep declining linear trend in cervical cancer, conferring an inverse relationship between the two cancers. This trend is present in all the major cancer registries.