Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Within‐family relations of mental health problems across childhood and adolescence

Background While transactional models suggest that parent and child mental health reciprocally influence one another over development, research has largely focused on parent‐to‐child effects. Additionally, it is not known whether observed associations hold when appropriate statistical tools are used to operationalise within‐family dynamics. Methods We investigated within‐family mental health dynamics using autoregressive latent trajectory models with structured residuals, stratified by child gender. Parental psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler (K6) scale, and children’s internalising and externalising problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Both measures were administered at the age 3, 5, 7, 11, 14 and 17 waves of the Millennium Cohort Study (N = 10,746, ~50% female). Results Maternal psychological distress was positively associated with subsequent internalising and externalising problems for girls but only with internalising problems for boys. Paternal psychological distress was associated with boys’ later internalising and externalising problems during early adolescence. Among boys, internalising problems were associated with later maternal psychological distress, while externalising problems were associated with later paternal psychological distress. Among girls, internalising problems were associated with subsequent paternal psychological distress, while externalising problems were associated with later maternal psychological distress. Finally, maternal and paternal psychological distress showed negative bidirectional associations in early childhood but positive associations in middle childhood and early adolescence. Conclusions Findings support a transactional model of family mental health, with both child‐to‐parent and parent‐to‐child effects playing a role in the development of mental health difficulties. Mental health intervention efforts should, therefore, target the whole family system.
Pellets of phospholipids and d-glucose with improved intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability of salvianolic acid B

Abstract Salvianolic acid B (SAB) is a widely used cardioprotective agent, while its clinical application was limited by poor intestinal absorption and low oral bioavailability. In this study, SAB phospholipid (SP) complex was first prepared to improve the lipophilicity of SAB and then combined with d-glucose to further enhance intestinal absorption. Compared with free SAB, SP or the mixture of SAB and d-glucose, combination of SP and d-glucose showed higher intestinal absorption evidenced by increased effective permeation coefficient (Peff ) in the in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) assay. Subsequently, SP and d-glucose at mass ratio of 1:6, with the highest Peff of SAB, were chosen for the preparation of complexed pellets to improve oral absorption efficiency of SAB. As expected, the obtained pellets significantly enhanced oral bioavailability of SAB in the pharmacokinetic study characterized by increasing Cmax and AUC 0– t of SAB by 14.88-fold and 5.02-fold than free SAB, respectively. In conclusion, combination of d-glucose in SP pellets can effectively improve the intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability of SAB.
Incontinence and Healthcare Utilization of Medicare Patients

Purpose: Claims data are used to directly measure the prevalence of incontinence and incontinence-related events within a large Medicare population. Design: Retrospective analysis. Subjects and Settings: The study relied on administrative claims data from the CMS Medicare Limited Data Set (5% sample) in 2018. The analysis was limited to fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries with minimum of 3-month enrollment in Parts A & B and at least 65 years old. Methods: We used diagnosis codes to identify members with incontinence in their 2018 claims experience and grouped these members into 3 categories (urinary incontinent only, fecal incontinent only, and dual incontinent (DI)) and four sites-of-service (nursing home, Skilled-nursing Facility (SNF), home health, and self-care). We then determined the incidence of four types of incontinence-related events for each cohort: 1) Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), 2) Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD), 3) Slips and falls, and 4) Behavioral disruptions. Results: We found that 11.2 percent of Medicare members had a claims-based diagnosis of incontinence in 2018. This result falls below the estimated share of the over-65 population who are incontinent, as reported in the literature. The prevalence of the four incontinence-related events is significantly higher (between 2 percentage points to 17 percentage points) for members who experience dual incontinence relative to those with only urinary incontinence. On average, those diagnosed with incontinence experienced 5 times more UTIs, two times as many dermatitis events, more than twice as many slips and falls, and 2.8 times more behavior disruptions compared to those without an incontinence diagnosis. Conclusions: Although we find that the prevalence of incontinence is under-reported relative to the literature, our results show that those who are diagnosed as incontinent experience a much higher prevalence of UTIs, IAD, slips and falls, and behavioral deterioration compared to those who are not diagnosed as incontinent. Our results suggest that incontinence may be an important indicator diagnosis of many other conditions and, if not well-managed, may challenge the desire for those who are incontinent to age at home.
Dynamics of infection-elicited SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children over time

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection elicits an antibody response that targets several viral proteins including spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N); S is the major target of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we assess levels of anti-N binding antibodies and anti-S neutralizing antibodies in unvaccinated children compared with unvaccinated older adults following infection. Specifically, we examine neutralization and anti-N binding by sera collected up to 52 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and compare these to a cohort of adults, including older adults, most of whom had mild infections that did not require hospitalization. Neutralizing antibody titers were lower in children than adults early after infection, but by 6 months titers were similar between age groups. The neutralizing activity of the children's sera decreased modestly from one to six months; a pattern that was not significantly different from that observed in adults. However, infection of children induced much lower levels of anti-N antibodies than in adults, and levels of these anti-N antibodies decreased more rapidly in children than in adults, including older adults. These results highlight age-related differences in the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 proteins and, as vaccines for children are introduced, may provide comparator data for the longevity of infection-elicited and vaccination-induced neutralizing antibody responses.
COVID-19 vaccination recruits and matures cross-reactive antibodies to conserved epitopes in endemic coronavirus Spike proteins

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered the first widespread vaccination campaign against a coronavirus. Most vaccinated subjects are na ve to SARS-CoV-2, however almost all have previously encountered other coronaviruses (CoVs) and the role of this immunity in shaping the vaccine response remains uncharacterized. Here we use longitudinal samples and highly-multiplexed serology to identify mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced antibody responses against a range of CoV Spike epitopes and in both phylogenetically conserved and non-conserved regions. Whereas reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 epitopes showed a delayed but progressive increase following vaccination, we observed distinct kinetics for the endemic CoV homologs at two conserved sites in Spike S2: these became detectable sooner, and decayed at later timepoints. Using homolog-specific depletion and alanine-substitution experiments, we show that these distinctly-evolving specificities result from cross-reactive antibodies as they mature against rare, polymorphic residues within these epitopes. Our results reveal mechanisms for the formation of antibodies with broad reactivity against CoVs.
TJ 53.2_04_Grawe-Autry-Daugherty.indd

Though many companies are placing or implanting employees within supply chain partners’ fi rms for the purposes of improving organizational and supply chain performance, research to date has not suffi ciently addressed the outcomes of organizational implantation. Our research is specifi cally focused on the impact that logistics service provider (LSP) implantation has on logistics service innovation for the customer. In a dyadic study pairing 81 LSP implants with their customers, we assess the direct linkage of interorganizational task interdependence, as well as the mediating effects of relational social capital and knowledge exchange on the logistics service innovation of the customer. Empirical analysis revealed signifi cantly more logistics innovation for those customers hosting implants. The logistics innovation is attributable to fully mediated relational social capital and knowledge exchange capabilities in the implantation relationship. Managerial directions related to our fi ndings, as well as possibilities for future implantation-related research, are discussed.
TJ 54.3_03_Hofer-Knemeyer-Murphy.indd

Transportation Journal, Vol. 54, No. 3, 2015 Copyright © 2015 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Abstract Responding to calls for replication research in the supply chain management literature, the current article reports the results of a replication study that looked at the performance of logistics outsourcing relationships among German logistics managers. More specifi cally, this article investigates the performance of logistics outsourcing relationships among Brazilian logistics managers and tests the same hypotheses as the focal study. The results indicate that the Brazilian replication is consistent with the focal study on fi ve of the seven hypotheses. With respect to inconsistencies, the focal study found signifi cant positive relationships between proactive improvement and logistics performance outcomes whereas the Brazilian replication did not fi nd signifi cant relationships between proactive improvement and logistics performance outcomes, which refl ects the relevant effect of contextual differences between Germany and Brazil. The article offers both managerial and research implications along with suggestions for future research.
A life-history trade-off gene with antagonistic pleiotropic effects on reproduction and survival in limiting environments

Although life-history trade-offs are central to life-history evolution, their mechanistic basis is often unclear. Traditionally, trade-offs are understood in terms of competition for limited resources among traits within an organism, which could be mediated by signal transduction pathways at the level of cellular metabolism. Nevertheless, trade-offs are also thought to be produced as a consequence of the performance of one activity generating negative consequences for other traits, or the result of genes or pathways that simultaneously regulate two life-history traits in opposite directions (antagonistic pleiotropy), independent of resource allocation. Yet examples of genes with antagonistic effects on life-history traits are limited. This study provides direct evidence for a gene—RLS1, that is involved in increasing survival in nutrient-limiting environments at a cost to immediate reproduction in the single-celled photosynthetic alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Specifically, we show that RLS1 mutants are unable to properly suppress their reproduction in phosphate-deprived conditions. Although these mutants have an immediate reproductive advantage relative to the parental strain, their long-term survival is negatively affected. Our data suggest that RLS1 is a bona fide life-history trade-off gene that suppresses immediate reproduction and ensures survival by downregulating photosynthesis in limiting environments, as part of the general acclimation response to nutrient deprivation in photosynthetic organisms.
Beaked whales and state-dependent decision-making: how does body condition affect the trade-off between foraging and predator avoidance?

Body condition is central to how animals balance foraging with predator avoidance—a trade-off that fundamentally affects animal fitness. Animals in poor condition may accept greater predation risk to satisfy current foraging ‘needs’, while those in good condition may be more risk averse to protect future ‘assets’. These state-dependent behavioural predictions can help interpret responses to human activities, but are little explored in marine animals. This study investigates the influence of body condition on how beaked whales trade-off foraging and predator avoidance. Body density (indicating lipid-energy stores) was estimated for 15 foraging northern bottlenose whales tagged near Jan Mayen, Norway. Composite indices of foraging (diving and echolocation clicks) and anti-predation (long ascents, non-foraging dives and silent periods reducing predator eavesdropping) were negatively related. Experimental sonar exposures led to decreased foraging and increased risk aversion, confirming a foraging/perceived safety trade-off. However, lower lipid stores were not related to a decrease in predator avoidance versus foraging, i.e. worse condition animals did not prioritize foraging. Individual differences (personalities) or reproductive context could offer alternative explanations for the observed state-behaviour relationships. This study provides evidence of foraging/predator-avoidance trade-offs in a marine top predator and demonstrates that animals in worse condition might not always take more risks.
A bioenergetics approach to understanding sex differences in the foraging behaviour of a sexually monomorphic species

Many animals show sexually divergent foraging behaviours reflecting different physiological constraints or energetic needs. We used a bioenergetics approach to examine sex differences in foraging behaviour of the sexually monomorphic northern gannet. We derived a relationship between dynamic body acceleration and energy expenditure to quantify the energetic cost of prey capture attempts (plunge dives). Fourteen gannets were tracked using GPS, time depth recorders (TDR) and accelerometers. All plunge dives in a foraging trip represented less than 4% of total energy expenditure, with no significant sex differences in expenditure. Despite females undertaking significantly more dives than males, this low energetic cost resulted in no sex differences in overall energy expenditure across a foraging trip. Bayesian stable isotope mixing models based on blood samples highlighted sex differences in diet; however, calorific intake from successful prey capture was estimated to be similar between sexes. Females experienced 10.28% higher energy demands, primarily due to unequal chick provisioning. Estimates show a minimum of 19% of dives have to be successful for females to meet their daily energy requirements, and 26% for males. Our analyses suggest northern gannets show sex differences in foraging behaviour primarily related to dive rate and success rather than the energetic cost of foraging or energetic content of prey.
Geometry evolution of mesoscopic mechanical structures during the rock fragmentation process induced by tunnel boring machine (TBM) cutters

We investigated the geometric evolution of mesoscopic mechanical structures in rocks during the rock fragmentation process induced by tunnel boring machine cutters. Numerical models were built using a grain-based discrete element method to accurately represent the mesoscopic structures and macroscopic mechanical behaviours of rocks, and the relationship between the mesoscopic evolution and the macroscopic response of rock was determined. The major results are as follows. First, the crushing and re-compaction of the grains were found to mainly occur in the thin crushed zone immediately beneath the cutter tip. Second, the reduction in the bearing ability of the dense core during cutter indentation was due to the order increment of the contact topological structure at the mesoscopic scale. Third, the area percentages of low- and high-order meso-loops decreased and increased, respectively, during the indentation process, and the volume expansion of the dense core was mainly caused by an increase in the internal pore area of high-order meso-loops that have low internal solid fractions. Fourth, the low-order meso-loops primarily bore and transferred the indentation force. Finally, the distribution contour of the meso-loops was found to be an appropriate and intuitive approach for representing the evolution of cracks on a macroscopic scale.
Challenges in computational fluid dynamics applications for bone tissue engineering

Bone injuries or defects that require invasive surgical treatment are a serious clinical issue, particularly when it comes to treatment success and effectiveness. Accordingly, bone tissue engineering (BTE) has been researching the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis tools to assist in designing optimal scaffolds that better promote bone growth and repair. This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent studies that use CFD analysis in BTE. The mechanical and fluidic properties of a given scaffold are coupled to each other via the scaffold architecture, meaning an optimization of one may negatively affect the other. For example, designs that improve scaffold permeability normally result in a decreased average wall shear stress. Linked with these findings, it appears there are very few studies in this area that state a specific application for their scaffolds and those that do are focused on in vitro bioreactor environments. Finally, this review also demonstrates a scarcity of studies that combine CFD with optimization methods to improve scaffold design. This highlights an important direction of research for the development of the next generation of BTE scaffolds.
Cellular and molecular architecture of submucosal glands in wild-type and cystic fibrosis pigs

Significance Submucosal glands secrete antimicrobial proteins and mucus into the airway lumen to protect the lung by killing inhaled and aspirated pathogens and clearing them from the lung. They can also contribute to several lung diseases, including the genetic disease cystic fibrosis. To better understand their structure and function, we isolated and studied submucosal glands from newborn pigs. Normal and cystic fibrosis submucosal glands were similar, suggesting that disease is due to loss of anion secretion rather than an intrinsic cell defect. By identifying submucosal gland cell types and the messenger RNA they express, the data aid understanding of submucosal gland function and provide a baseline for learning how environmental and genetic challenges contribute to lung disease. Submucosal glands (SMGs) protect lungs but can also contribute to disease. For example, in cystic fibrosis (CF), SMGs produce abnormal mucus that disrupts mucociliary transport. CF is an ion transport disease, yet knowledge of the ion transporters expressed by SMG acini, which produce mucus, and SMG ducts that carry it to the airway lumen is limited. Therefore, we isolated SMGs from newborn pigs and used single-cell messenger RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization to identify cell types, gene expression, and spatial distribution. Cell types and transcript levels were the same in non-CF and CF SMGs, suggesting that loss of epithelial anion secretion rather than an intrinsic cell defect causes CF mucus abnormalities. Gene signatures of acinar mucous and acinar serous cells revealed specialized functions in producing mucins and antimicrobials, respectively. However, surprisingly, these two cell types expressed the same ion transporters and neurohumoral receptors, suggesting the importance of balancing mucin and liquid secretion to produce optimal mucus properties. SMG duct cell transcripts suggest that they secrete HCO3− and Cl−, and thus have some similarity to pancreatic ducts that are also defective in CF. These and additional findings suggest the functions of the SMG acinus and duct and provide a baseline for understanding how environmental and genetic challenges impact their contribution to lung disease.
Multiple representations of the body schema for the same body part

Significance Accurate motor control depends on maps of the body in the brain, called the body schema. Disorders of the body schema cause motor deficits. Although we often execute actions with different motor systems such as the eye and hand, how the body schema operates during such actions is unknown. In this study, participants simultaneously directed eye and hand movements to the same body part. These two movements were found to be guided by different body maps. This finding demonstrates multiple motor system–specific representations of the body schema, suggesting that the choice of motor system toward one’s body can determine which of the brain’s body maps is observed. This may offer a new way to visualize patients’ body schema. Purposeful motor actions depend on the brain’s representation of the body, called the body schema, and disorders of the body schema have been reported to show motor deficits. The body schema has been assumed for almost a century to be a common body representation supporting all types of motor actions, and previous studies have considered only a single motor action. Although we often execute multiple motor actions, how the body schema operates during such actions is unknown. To address this issue, I developed a technique to measure the body schema during multiple motor actions. Participants made simultaneous eye and reach movements to the same location of 10 landmarks on their hand. By analyzing the internal configuration of the locations of these points for each of the eye and reach movements, I produced maps of the mental representation of hand shape. Despite these two movements being simultaneously directed to the same bodily location, the resulting hand map (i.e., a part of the body schema) was much more distorted for reach movements than for eye movements. Furthermore, the weighting of visual and proprioceptive bodily cues to build up this part of the body schema differed for each effector. These results demonstrate that the body schema is organized as multiple effector-specific body representations. I propose that the choice of effector toward one’s body can determine which body representation in the brain is observed and that this visualization approach may offer a new way to understand patients’ body schema.