Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanical loading of bioengineered skeletal muscle in vitro recapitulates gene expression signatures of resistance exercise in vivo

Understanding the role of mechanical loading and exercise in skeletal muscle (SkM) is paramount for delineating the molecular mechanisms that govern changes in muscle mass. However, it is unknown whether loading of bioengineered SkM in vitro adequately recapitulates the molecular responses observed after resistance exercise (RE) in vivo. To address this, the transcriptional and epigenetic (DNA methylation) responses were compared after mechanical loading in bioengineered SkM in vitro and after RE in vivo. Specifically, genes known to be upregulated/hypomethylated after RE in humans were analyzed. Ninety‐three percent of these genes demonstrated similar changes in gene expression post‐loading in the bioengineered muscle when compared to acute RE in humans. Furthermore, similar differences in gene expression were observed between loaded bioengineered SkM and after programmed RT in rat SkM tissue. Hypomethylation occurred for only one of the genes analysed (GRIK2) post‐loading in bioengineered SkM. To further validate these findings, DNA methylation and mRNA expression of known hypomethylated and upregulated genes post‐acute RE in humans were also analyzed at 0.5, 3, and 24 h post‐loading in bioengineered muscle. The largest changes in gene expression occurred at 3 h, whereby 82% and 91% of genes responded similarly when compared to human and rodent SkM respectively. DNA methylation of only a small proportion of genes analyzed (TRAF1, MSN, and CTTN) significantly increased post‐loading in bioengineered SkM alone. Overall, mechanical loading of bioengineered SkM in vitro recapitulates the gene expression profile of human and rodent SkM after RE in vivo. Although some genes demonstrated differential DNA methylation post‐loading in bioengineered SkM, such changes across the majority of genes analyzed did not closely mimic the epigenetic response to acute‐RE in humans.
A primary occurrence of inclusion body hepatitis in absence of predisposing agents in commercial broilers in Iran: a case report.

Background Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) associated with certain clinical diseases including inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) have become of considerable importance in the poultry industry. Currently, an increasing number of IBH outbreaks in different parts of Iranian poultry industries is a growing concern. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) or chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) have historically been incriminated as predisposing factors for FAdVs to cause IBH. Furthermore, some have speculated whether IBDV vaccine strains impact on IBH clinical manifestation. The present report assesses the potential predisposing role of IBDV, CIAV, and infectious bursal disease) IBD( vaccine strains for FAdVs in the course of an IBH occurrence in the field. Case description 90000 day-old broiler chickens with the same parent source were housed, at 4 day-interval, in two commercial farms in Shiraz, Iran. Increased mortality with lesions of hepatitis, suggestive of IBH, started in the primitive farm right after blind prescription of IBD vaccine at the age of 12-days-old. Consequently, IBD vaccination was postponed for the apparently healthy chickens of the other farm in which chickens were monitored for the occurrence of IBH afterwards. Laboratory examination was followed by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on liver, cloacal bursa, and thymus samples to determine the involvement of FAdV, IBDV, and CIAV in the occurrence of the disease. Findings/treatment and outcome No evidence was found to support the predisposing role of neither IBD vaccination nor IBDV/CIAV infection in this IBH occurrence. The results also demonstrated a primary role of the FAdV-11 as a causal agent of the IBH occurrence. Conclusion The findings suggest that certain FAdVs are pathogenic enough to primarily induce IBH in young broilers.
Factors Influencing Photoreactions of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Coastal River of the Southeastern United States

Photoreactions of dissolved organic matter can affect the oxidizing capacity, nutrient dynamics, trace gas exchange, and color of surface waters. This study focuses on factors that affect the photoreactions of the colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Satilla River, a coastal river that has high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (2.0 ± 0.2 mM C) and iron (12 ± 2 μM) in its freshwater reach. Quantum yields for the photoproduction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and carbon monoxide (CO) from Satilla CDOM decreased exponentially in the 300−450 nm spectral region. Photoreaction of the CDOM in sunlight caused a decrease in UV and visible absorbance that occurred most rapidly in the UV-B (280−315 nm) region, indicating that CDOM photoreactions can enhance exposure of aquatic organisms to DNA-damaging UV radiation. The role of iron in the photooxidation was investigated by adding fluoride ions or deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM) to the water to form unreactive Fe3+ complexes, thus inhibit.
4,4'-Bipyridyl at 203K

The crystal structure of 4,4'-bipyridyl, C 10 H 8 N 2 , at 203 K contains two independent, non-planar, molecules whose mean planes subtend an angle of 14.1(8)°. The long axes of the two molecules are oriented at approximately 88° to each other, allowing interaction between the N atoms and phenyl-H atoms on adjacent molecules and thereby giving rise to a sheet structure. The two molecules are primarily differentiated by the dihedral angle between the connected phenyl rings [18.50(12) and 34.85(10)°].
Violent Video Game Effects on Aggressive Behavior among Children: The Role of Aggressive Motivation and Trait-Aggressiveness in China

ABSTRACT Based on the General Aggression Model (GAM), we examined the interactive effects of situational factors (e.g., violent video games [VVG]) and personal factors (e.g., age, sex, trait-aggressiveness) on aggressive behavior, and the mediating role of aggressive motivation (e.g., instrumental, revenge). We recruited 480 children (50% girls) from three Chinese kindergartens. Games were rated as VVG or nonviolent via 120 experts, then participants played either VVG or matched nonviolent video games. Their aggressive motivation and aggressive behavior were then measured. Results were that brief exposure of children to VVG increased aggressive behavior. Participants aged 5 displayed more aggressive behavior than those aged 6 in VVG condition. Boys displayed more aggressive behavior than girls in VVG condition. Mediation analyses suggested that the VVG effect on aggression was mediated by aggressive motivation and revenge motivation, but was not mediated by instrumental motivation. Moderation analyses suggested that the VVG effect on aggression was moderated by trait-aggressiveness. These findings indicated that VVG lead to increases in aggression-related variables, as predicted by the General Aggression Model. Aggressive motivation, especially revenge motivation, might be considered in the prevention and intervention of children’s aggression in realistic settings.
You can’t always get what you want: Streamlining stakeholder interests when designing technology-supported services for Active and Assisted Living

Technological innovations have the potential to support the ageing society, by providing tools to improve quality of life, overall health, preserving independence and reducing loneliness. Acceptance of such innovations and long-term user engagement, however, depends highly on a proper fit between the technology and different kinds of stakeholders (including end-users). In this article, we report on a co-design process with different stakeholders and the negotiation that ensued after the elicitation of their wishes. A first session was held with older adults (n=11, aged 64 to 88 years), leading to nine challenges and opportunities that older adults face. In a second workshop service and technology providers (n=8) jointly ideated new service concepts. This process laid bare the discrepancies between project objectives, end-user challenges, service providers’ interests and researcher aims. This article outlines the difficulties when aligning stakeholder interests and suggests interest mapping and direct, iterative dialogue as a possible solution.
Challenges of Deploying VR in Aged Care: A Two-Phase Exploration Study

While VR has shown benefits such as improving alertness, recalling memories and cognitive training for older adults, it is challenging to deploy it in aged care settings due to the complexity of social care, physical and healthcare needs of the residents. This paper presents a two-phase study that aims to explore the challenges of deploying VR technology in aged care settings. Phase one involved a thematic analysis of video recordings of 14 VR sessions, during which five residents of an aged care facility were invited to experience and interact with VR systems. Phase two aimed to explore the challenges further by analyzing semi-structured interviews with 11 staff members who had experience in coordinating VR activities in aged care homes. The results revealed a range of issues that need to be considered when deploying VR systems in aged care settings, including: usability issues related to VR systems; barriers caused by residents’ mobility constraints; physical discomfort; and challenges in providing guidance and support for residents using VR.
Evaluating the Effects of Introducing Three Gamification Elements in STEM Educational Software for Secondary Schools

Gamification aims to enhance the educational experience by enabling students to have fun with technology. Although research in the field has previously looked into the effectiveness of gamification, reviews of existing studies show that in the context of education, gamification has been largely applied at the university level, with diverse pedagogical approaches and outcomes. Furthermore, reports often refer to interactions with gamification elements in contexts outside STEM education. To bridge these research gaps, this paper reports on an empirical study involving 199 students from two secondary schools. Students had the opportunity to receive a digital reward (in the form of points, badges, or rankings) for their participation in an online physics lesson. Although no significant differences were found regarding student motivation, results confirm an impact—depending on the gamification element being introduced in the software—on three other important aspects: (i) perceived usability, (ii) student engagement, and (iii) learning performance.
Is there an impact of climate change on soil carbon contents in England and Wales?

It is not yet clear how soils are responding to a warming climate. A major study using the National Soil Inventory (NSI) of England and Wales reported large declines in soil carbon concentration across 11 land uses between 1978 and 2003 and concluded there was a link to climate change. However, a second, almost contemporary study, recorded no significant changes, raising the possibility that the reported declines were caused by changes in land use and management rather than by climate change. We have used ‘space‐for‐time’ substitution on the data from the initial NSI study, combined with changes in rainfall and temperature over the survey period, to determine the extent to which the declines in soil carbon observed in the second NSI study could be predicted from changes in climate. For organo‐mineral and mineral soils, little (0–5%) of the observed decline in carbon concentration can be predicted from changes in climate. In contrast, 9–22% of the changes reported for organic soils in semi‐natural habitats are consistent with changes in temperature and rainfall between the two NSI surveys. We also found that carbon concentration in organic soils in semi‐natural habitats declines as temperatures exceed 7°C, mirroring independent observations for the decline in bog and dense shrub moor vegetation as temperatures rise above 7°C, and raising the possibility that climate change may influence soil carbon indirectly by changing vegetation cover, and hence litter quality.
Critically Analysing Routing Protocols in a Vehicular Ad-hoc Network

A Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is an application of a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), which enables moving vehicles to connect with each other via wireless communications to improve road safety. In VANET, moving vehicles communicate with one another either directly through Vehicle-to-Vehicle, or indirectly through Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication. However, designing effective and reliable routing protocols in VANET is complicated and presents challenging due to the unique characteristics such as rapid changes in topology, unstable connections and interruptions in path availability in VANET. Despite a number of routing protocols being utilised to serve a range of scenarios and topologies, gaps such as reliability, scalability, messages transmission overhead and latency remain in terms of contributing to and improving the routing protocols. In this paper, an overview of VANET is presented and various routing protocols are discussed, with their advantages and drawbacks. A comparison of routing protocols is presented with challenges and recommendations.
Fighting Fake News Using Deep Learning: Pre-trained Word Embeddings and the Embedding Layer Investigated

Fake news is progressively becoming a threat to individuals, society, news systems, governments and democracy. The need to fight it is rising accompanied by various researches that showed promising results. Deep learning methods and word embeddings contributed a lot in devising detection mechanisms. However, lack of sufficient datasets and the question “which word embedding best captures content features” have posed challenges to make detection methods adequately accurate. In this work, we prepared a dataset from a scrape of 13 years of continuous data that we believe will narrow the gap. We also proposed a deep learning model for early detection of fake news using convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks. We evaluated three pre-trained word embeddings in the context of the fake news problem using different measures. Series of experiments were made on three real world datasets, including ours, using the proposed model. Results showed that the choice of pre-trained embeddings can be arbitrary. However, embeddings purely trained from the fake news dataset and pre-trained embeddings allowed to update showed relatively better performance over static embeddings. High dimensional embeddings showed better results than low dimensional embeddings and this persisted for all the datasets used.
Experimental measurements in plane Couette–Poiseuille flow: dynamics of the large- and small-scale flow

Abstract In this paper we experimentally study the transitional range of Reynolds numbers in plane Couette–Poiseuille flow, focusing our attention on the localized turbulent structures triggered by a strong impulsive jet and the large-scale flow generated around these structures. We present a detailed investigation of the large-scale flow and show how its amplitude depends on Reynolds number and amplitude perturbation. In addition, we characterize the initial dynamics of the localized turbulent spot, which includes the coupling between the small and large scales, as well as the dependence of the advection speed on the large-scale flow generated around the spot. Finally, we provide the first experimental measurements of the large-scale flow around an oblique turbulent band.
Space-scale-time dynamics of liquid–gas shear flow

Abstract Two-point statistical equations of the liquid-phase indicator function are used to appraise the physics of liquid–gas shear flows. The contribution of the different processes in the combined scale/physical space is quantified by means of direct numerical simulations of a temporally liquid–gas shear layer. Light is first shed onto the relationship between two-point statistics of the phase indicator and the geometrical properties of the liquid/gas interface, namely its surface density, mean and Gaussian curvatures. Then, the theory is shown to be adequate for highlighting the preferential direction of liquid transport in either scale or flow position space. A direct cascade process, i.e. from large to small scales, is observed for the total phase indicator field, while the opposite applies for the randomly fluctuating part, suggesting a transfer of ‘energy’ from the mean to the fluctuating component. In the space of positions within the flow, the flux tends to redistribute energy from the centreline to the edge of the shear layer. The influence of the mean shear rate and statistical inhomogeneities on the different scales of the liquid field are revealed.
Pan trap color preference across Hymenoptera in a forest clearing

Insect biodiversity reveals much about ecosystem health and function; however, field studies of insect community composition and diversity are often unintentionally biased by the sampling methods deployed in the study area. Pan traps, particularly yellow pan traps, are a common method for passive community assessment across a variety of taxonomic levels. Our study finds that the diversity, richness, and abundance of hymenopterans in pan trapping projects are significantly impacted by the color of the pan trap deployed. Additionally, we find that individual species display significant preferences for not only yellow pan traps but also for white, fluorescent yellow, blue, and fluorescent blue pans. Our data support recent studies that suggest yellow traps alone may be insufficient for sampling the true diversity of certain hymenopteran groups in a region.
Setting aside forests or harvesting them for bioenergy: Short‐term benefits for climate protection are still unknown

Forests play an important role in climate protection: they sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by means of annual increment and can store carbon for decades or even centuries. Bioenergy use of wood harvested from forests can substitute fossil fuels, but it releases biomass-stored carbon back into the atmosphere. What will be more advantageous for short-term climate protection in the next decades and for the decarbonization of the national economy and society in Germany in the years and decades to come (Climate Action Plan 2050, BMUB, 2016): the promotion of carbon storage in forests (BMUB, 2016, p. 67) or the harvesting of wood for bioenergy use and the substitution of fossil fuels (BMUB, 2016, p. 45)? This question has led to a scientific debate in GCB Bioenergy between Schulze et al. (2020a) who advocate in their opinion paper carbon balance gains from the use of wood for bioenergy compared to setting aside forests, and Welle et al. (2020) who criticize Schulze et al. (2020a) in a letter to the editor for having cited and used unsuitable data for carbon stock changes in protected forests of the Hainich National Park (Thuringia, central Germany). Both papers cite data from a report presenting analyses from two forest inventories conducted in the Hainich NP in 2000 and 2010 (NV Hainich, 2012). This protected forest area was used—in both publications—as an example for non-harvested forests. Based on other data of the Hainich report (NV Hainich, 2012), Welle et al. (2020) reach an opposite conclusion than Schulze et al. (2020a): setting aside forests has more benefits for climate protection in Germany than the harvesting for bioenergy use. In this letter, we will evaluate both publications by answering the questions whether (a) Schulze et al. (2020a) cited incorrectly from the Hainich report which led to the use of unsuitable data; (b) the data cited and used by Welle et al. (2020) have more significance for the Hainich area; and (c) the results of the Hainich inventory are a representative example of set-aside forests in Germany. The latter question is specifically important for general assessments of the climate protection benefits from either the non-harvesting of forests or their harvesting for bioenergy use. 1 | CORRECTNESS OF CITATIONS
Music Therapy for Depression Enhanced With Listening Homework and Slow Paced Breathing: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Introduction: There is evidence from earlier trials for the efficacy of music therapy in the treatment of depression among working-age people. Starting therapy sessions with relaxation and revisiting therapeutic themes outside therapy have been deemed promising for outcome enhancement. However, previous music therapy trials have not investigated this issue. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of two enhancers, resonance frequency breathing (RFB) and listening homework (LH), when combined with an established music therapy model (trial registration number ISRCTN11618310). Methods: In a 2 × 2 factorial randomised controlled trial, working-age individuals with depression were allocated into groups based on four conditions derived from either the presence or absence of two enhancers (RFB and LH). All received music therapy over 6 weeks. Outcomes were observed at 6 weeks and 6 months. The primary outcome was the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score. Results: There was a significant overall effect of treatment for the primary outcome favouring the breathing group (d = 0.50, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.93, p = 0.02). The effect was larger after adjustment for potential confounders (d = 0.62, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.08, p = 0.009). Treatment effects for secondary outcomes, including anxiety (anxiety scale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and quality of life (RAND-36), were also significant, favouring the breathing group. The homework enhancer did not reach significant treatment effects. Conclusion: We found that the addition of RFB to a music therapy intervention resulted in enhanced therapeutic outcome for clients with depression.