Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fractional integral versions of Hermite-Hadamard type inequality for generalized exponentially convexity

In this paper, we establish generalized fractional versions of Hermite-Hadamard inequalities for exponentially (α, h − m)-convex functions, exponentially (h − m)-convex functions and exponentially (α, m)-convex functions. These inequalities arise when using the generalized fractional integral operators containing Mittag-Leffler function via a monotonically increasing function. The presented results hold at the same time for various kinds of convexities and well-known fractional integral operators. Moreover, the established inequalities reproduce several known results which are part of the existing literature.
Selective Differential Expression Of The Ribosomal Protein Genes El14 And Us19 In A Well-Differentiated Epithelial Cell Line Of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Besides ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis, ribosomal proteins (RP) are associated with congenital diseases and cancers. A small subset of ribosomal protein genes has shown expression pattern indicative of their association with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Nevertheless, the list of RP genes that are NPC-associated factors is largely incomplete. Herein we report the expression patterns of eL14 and uS19 in NPC normal nasopharyngeal epithelium cell lines. Expression levels of eL14 and uS19 in the NPC-HK1 cell line was comparatively analysed with a normal nasopharyngeal cell line (NP69) using Reverse Transcription – Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). We revealed that the transcript level of eL14 was significantly down-regulated in HK1 when compared to NP69. The expression behaviour of eL14 is demonstrated for the first time in the NPC context. In contrast, the transcript level of uS19 was up-regulated in NPC/HK1 compared to NP69, but not to a statistically significant extent. This study provides new evidence of differential expression of the ribosomal protein gene, eL14 in an NPC cell line derived from well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of human nasopharynx. It adds to the list of NPC-associated ribosomal protein genes amenable for development of biomarkers for improved molecular diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer.
Morphological Variations inTamarindus indicaLINN. Fruits and Seed Traits in the Different Agroecological Zones of Uganda

An investigation was carried out on variations in the morphological traits ofTamarindus indicaLINN. fruits (length, breadth, mass, and pulp mass) and seeds (number and mass) from the different agroecological zones and land use types of Uganda. Fruits were collected from the two land use types in the three agroecological zones and measured for various morphological traits. The study sites were located between 593 and 1,096 meters above sea level. ANOVA was used to test the differences in morphological traits of fruits and seeds between agroecological zones and land use types. The morphological traits relationship was determined using Pearson Correlation Coefficient (R). There were significant (P≤0.05) variations among theT. indicafruits and seed morphological traits within the agroecological zones and land use types. Lake Victoria Crescent agroecological zone recorded higher fruits morphological traits values. Wild and on-farm land use types were superior in fruits and seed traits, respectively. Many seeds per fruit (17) were recorded in Uganda (Eastern agroecological zone) than those recorded elsewhere. Significant uphill positive linear correlations between all morphological traits (P≤0.05) were observed, with the strongest relationships being between seed mass and seed number (R=0.79), fruit mass and fruit length (R=0.75), pulp mass and fruit mass (R=0.73), and seed mass and fruit mass (R=0.73). However, fruit breadth presented slightly weaker positive linear correlations with all other morphological traits. This is the first quantitative evaluation ofT. indicamorphological traits variation in Uganda. Dispersion/variation and correlation relationships suggest that all the studied morphological traits can be used for selection of plus trees for tree breeding improvement such as yield per tree. The observed variations are probably attributed to influence of agroecological zones’ factors, environmental factors, climate, land use types, and farming systems, a reflection ofT. indicaadaptation to different conditions showing high genetic and phenotypic differences to be exploited.
Gender Perception on the Effectiveness of ULearn Management System as an eLearning Platform for Distance Education

The growth in student numbers in this 21 st century has led to a number of institutions focusing on distance education where appropriate technologies and pedagogical approaches are employed to deliver courses to students. The study adopted a quantitative approach and descriptive survey analysis to investigate the differences in gender perception and the effectiveness of ULearn (an learning Management System) at the University of Ghana. To measure the effectiveness and gender differences, a Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA) consisting of 54 items organized into nine scales: Computer Usage (CU), Teacher Support (TS), Student Interaction and Collaboration (SIC), Personal Relevance (PR), Authentic Learning (AL), Student Autonomy (SA), Equity (EQ), Enjoyment (EN), and Asynchronicity (AS) was used. The study revealed that the level of effectiveness of the learning management system, from the perspective of the students was high. There were significant differences in gender perception on the effectiveness of the platform.
Joint Formation in the Caudal Fin Rays of Danio rerio (Zebrafish) During Fin Regeneration

Danio rerio, more commonly called zebrafish, possess the ability to regenerate many of their organs and appendages including complete regeneration of the caudal fin back to its original size. The caudal fin consists of 16-18 fin rays (lepidotrichia) separated by interray tissue. These fin rays consist of bone segments that are partitioned by joints. Each bone segment consists of two oval shaped hemirays that form a tube-like structure that houses a multitude of tissues. During regeneration, the fin ray elongates through the distal addition of bone segments separated by newly formed joints. This is all regulated by a highly proliferative group of cells called the blastema located in the most distal portion of the regenerating fin ray. Our lab has been able to distinguish different stages of joint maturation during the regenerative process which has led to an interest in the effects of joint cell ablation during regeneration. A transgenic line of zebrafish that contained lnta11 regulatory elements was found to give expression of a reporter in the joints of adult zebrafish. We used this regulatory element to drive expression of nitroreductase (NTR) in joint cells. In the presence of NTR, metronidazole (MTZ) induces ablation through initiation of the caspase dependent apoptosis cascade. Previous joint cell photoblation results in our lab indicated that joints may not be able to regenerate, we wanted to determine the results of complete ablation of joint cells during regeneration using the NTR/MTZ inducible targeted ablation technique. Surprisingly treatment with MTZ did not completely eliminate the joints during regeneration. However, there was a reduction in segment length and overall fin length of fish treated with MTZ compared to controls. Furthermore, as the concentration of MTZ is increased there is a proportional reduction in segment length of the fin regenerate. Although we failed to eliminate joints, the phenotype observed provided support for our proposed model of joint formation during regeneration. The creation of transgenic fish lines are underway to allow the separate ectopic expression of two transcription factors; sp7 (a known marker of osteoblast commitment) and hoxa13a (a hypothesized joint commitment factor) during regeneration.
Assessment and evaluation of ambient PM2.5 in relation to its health effects in mineral-based coal-fired areas

Atmospheric PM2.5 pollution, has shown potential impact on the human health in general, thus it requires to look into the chemical characteristics of PM2.5 masses for designing effective policies to reduce health risks amongst public under exposure. The study carried out, here, has presented the ambient PM2.5 concentrations, concentrations of chemical components and associated health risks over rural and urban environments in the area of mineral based coal-fired industrial areas of central India for a period of one year (2015–16). Overall 260 PM2.5 samples, collected from rural, urban and industrial sites, were analyzed for various elements Al, As, Ca, Hg, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, K, Cd, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Na, Mg, K, V and Zn, ions such as Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, F–, Cl–, NH4, NO3, SO4 and carbonaceous matter. The annual average PM2.5 mass concentrations were found to be ~2 to ~6 folds higher than the annual National Ambient Air Quality standard (40 μg m–3). Further this study also evaluates, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with ambient PM2.5 exposures (via ingestion, inhalation and dermal). The elemental species that have shown non-carcinogenic risks for both children and adults of all three sites are: Co, Mn, Ni (rural), As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, V (urban and industrial sites). Similarly, the excess carcinogenic risks, in total, from Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb was found to be higher than acceptable limits (10–6 to 10–4).
Prevalence and Impact of Low Back Pain in a Community-Based Population in Northern India.

BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) ranks first for disability and sixth for overall burden on world health, with an annual approximate cost of $135 billion. There are limited data on the prevalence and risk factors for LBP in developing countries, such as India. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence, pain intensity, and quality of life (QOL) associated with LBP in northern India. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS Northern states of India. METHODS Adult population of different strata of the community were interviewed. Lifetime, point, 1-year, and age standardized lifetime prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and QOL, and pain intensity using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) were determined. Binary logistic regression test was conducted to determine the predictors of LBP prevalence; odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI are presented. Significance level was set at P <= 0.05. RESULTS A total of 1,531 patients were interviewed of whom 48% were men and mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 32 (10) years. Lifetime, point, 1-year, and age standardized lifetime prevalence (95% CI) were 57% (54%-59%), 32% (30%-34%), 48% (46%-51%), and 59% (56%-62%), respectively. Average (SD) NRS-11 was 4.2 (2.6). Significant impact of LBP on sleep (24%), depression/psychological problems (24%), and social life (28%) were observed. Women (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.80-2.77; P < 0.05), walking/lifting activity (OR, 1.362; 95% CI, 1.097-1.692; P < 0.05), and increasing age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.04; P < 0.05) were most significant positive predictors of LBP. LIMITATIONS The progression of LBP could not be assessed in the enrolled patients. CONCLUSIONS LBP is highly prevalent in India, adversely affecting QOL in respondents. This calls for action by health officials to plan prevention, education, and management programs in the society. KEY WORDS Low back pain, pain intensity, prevalence, incidence, quality of life.
Evolution and expression analysis of the sorghum ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (UBCs), which catalyse the transfer of ubiquitin to substrate or E3 ligases, are key enzymes in ubiquitination modifications of target proteins. Current knowledge regarding the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (SbUBC) family remains very limited. We identified 53 UBC-encoding genes in the sorghum genome and divided these into 18 groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. , which was further supported by conserved motif and gene structure analyses. Different expression levels under a variety of abiotic stresses suggested that these might participate in distinct signalling pathways and that they underwent functional divergence during evolution. Furthermore, several SbUBC genes responded to single treatments, and individual SbUBC genes responded to multiple treatments, suggesting that sorghum UBCs may mediate crosstalk among different signalling pathways. Overall, the results provide valuable information for better understanding the classification and putative functions of sorghum UBC-encoding genes.
Large-scale analysis of the global transcriptional regulation of bacterial gene expression

Changes in bacterial gene expression depend not only on the operation of specific transcription factors but also on the regulation exerted by the global physiological condition of the cell. To characterize the influence of this global regulation constitutive genes appear as the most valid model, that can also help us distinguish the impact of physiology on genome organization. However, only a few genes have been investigated so far. Here, we present a large-scale approach to characterize the regulation of the global program by quantifying chromosomal promoter activities of over 700 constitutive genes in Escherichia coli. We identify four response classes (growth-rate dependencies) of which one follows the hyperbolic pattern previously seen. Within this class, we sort genes with respect to their responsiveness to growth rate and examine the association of responsiveness with gene order. Genes showing a particularly sensitive linear response to growth are located near the origin of replication, even when controlling for the increase in the number of replication forks. We then postulate that global regulation could act as a driving force to shape genomic architecture. Evidence is obtained by examining the relation between position conservation of E. coli genes in 100 bacterial species with the number of replication rounds, maximal growth rate and environmental variability of the species’ habitat. The response to the physiological state of the cell results therefore in an additional feature contributing to bacterial genome organization.
Comparison of Control Strategies to Realize Synthetic Inertia in Converters

The increasing amount of renewable energy sources in the electrical energy system leads to an increasing number of converter-based generators connected to the electrical power grid. Other than conventional power plants that are often connected to the grid via synchronous generators, converter-based generators do not provide mechanical inertia intrinsically. Therefore, ensuring frequency stability in the electrical power grid might become even more difficult in the future. With the concept of synthetic inertia, the converter-based generators partially imitate the behavior of conventional generators. By implementing such a concept in converters, they are capable of contributing to frequency stability as well. This paper compares two strategies to realize synthetic inertia by modeling converter-based generators in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulating their behavior in a small Microgrid. The results prove that any kind of realization of synthetic inertia helps to improve frequency stability. Each of the two investigated strategies may have their scope of application in a future electrical energy system.
Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Cerebral and Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoon, spread world-wide and capable of infecting birds and mammals. Genetic information on T. gondii type that causes human toxoplasmosis is limited. In this study, genetic analysis of SAG2 locus was used to determine the genotype of T. gondii from cases with cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis in Indonesia. Genotype determination was done directly on the clinical samples. A number of 28 cerebrospinal fluid and 8 vitreous humor positively infected with T. gondii , underwent PCR-RFLP to classify each isolate into one of three genotypes of T. gondii . Type I was the most common found suggesting that cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis in Indonesia is mostly caused by type I strain of T. gondii .
Shot hole disease control in Almonds—by injecting fungicides into overhead sprinklers

Abstract Not Available – First paragraph follows: THE SOLID-SET, over-tree multiple-use irrigation system in almonds was evaluated during 1972 and 1973 for its usefulness in the application of chemicals for control of shot hole disease caused by the pathogen Coryneum beijerinkii. This fungus attacks leaves, fruit and twigs, resulting in leaf and fruit drop. Under severe circumstances it may cause the hulls to gum internally, affecting kernel quality. Prolonged wet weather in spring enhances disease development and sprinkler-applied water further favors spread. Well-timed chemical sprays will normally give adequate control.
mRNA Expression of CYP2E1, CYP2A19, CYP1A2, HSD3B, SULT1A1 and SULT2A1 genes in surgically castrated, immunologically castrated, entire male and female pigs and correlation with androstenone, skatole, indole and Improvac-specific antibody levels

This study aimed to obtain a comprehensive look at the influence of castration on mRNA expression of the genes CYP2E1, CYP1A2, CYP2A19, HSD3B, SULT2A1 and SULT1A1 and their correlation with boar taint compounds (androstenone, skatole and indole) and Improvac-specific antibodies in a Czech commercial hybrid (Large White × Landrace (sow) × Duroc (boar)). Pigs were divided into groups of entire male pigs (NC), pigs castrated surgically (SC), pigs immunologically castrated and slaughtered 8 weeks (IM8) or 15 weeks (IM15) after the second dose of Improvac, and gilts (GI). Hepatic mRNA expression, measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, differed significantly between the control group (entire male pigs) and all groups of interest for CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP2A19. The mRNA level of the HSD3B gene differed significantly between the control group and the IM8, IM15 and GI groups. SULT1A1 gene expression was significantly different between the control group and the SC, IM8 and GI. In the case of SULT2A1, a significant difference was observed only between the control group and IM8 pigs. For all genes and treatment groups described above, expression was increased relative to the control. Significant differences for Improvac-specific antibodies between IM8 and IM15 groups were observed, indicating decrease of antibodies over time. Moreover, negative correlations between androstenone and mRNA levels of CYP2A19, CYP2E1 and SULT1A1 suggest that gene expression is suppressed.
A new species in the Anopheles gambiae complex reveals new evolutionary relationships between vector and non-vector species

Complexes of closely related species provide key insights about the rapid and independent evolution of adaptive traits. Here, we described and studied a presumably new species in the Anopheles gambiae complex, Anopheles fontenillei, recently discovered in the forested areas of Gabon, Central Africa. Our analysis placed the new taxon in the phylogenetic tree of the An. gambiae complex, revealing important introgression events with other members of the complex. In particular, we detected recent introgression with An. gambiae and An. coluzzii of genes directly involved in vectorial capacity. Moreover, genome analysis of the new species also allowed us to resolve the evolutionary history of inversion 3La. Overall, Anopheles fontenillei has implemented our understanding about the relationship of species within the gambiaecomplex and provides insight into the evolution of vectorial capacity traits, relevant for the successful control of malaria in Africa.
Application of organic fertilizer on swamps pond for catfish (Pangasius sp.) culture

Swamp fish pond has a problems related to submerged flat soil and water pH value and result in low productivity of ponds. Fertilization increase productivity of pond water by providing nutrients for fish food organisms, The objective of this research was to determine the best dosage of organic fertilizer to improve water quality and pond productivity and it’s effect to survival and absolute growth of catfish Pangasius sp. The research was conducted with using completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. All of ponds unit were limed using dolomite of 10 ton/ha, incubated for 13 days, then gave four difference dosage of organic fertilizer, that were without fertilizer (P0), with fertilizer of 100 g/m2 (P1), 170 g/m2 (P2), and 240 g/m2 (P3). Pangasius sp. fish (average body length of 5±0.5 cm) was stocked with the density of 15 fish/m2 and cultured for 30 days. The parameters observed were soil (pH, N, P2O5, Ca, and C-organic) and water quality (pH, alkalinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, total Phosphate, Ca, and TOC), pond productivity, density of phytoplankton, survival, absolute growth, feed efficiency, and production of fish. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Least Significant Difference test, and regression models analysis. The results showed that P1 (100 g/m2 of fertilizer) was the best dosage indicated by pH 7.60, nitrogen 0.13%, P2O5 0.16%, Ca 2.59%, C-organic 1.49% of pond soil; pH 7.42, temperature 27.3-32.4°C, dissolved oxygen 4.94-5.09 mgL−1, alkalinity 51.33 mgL−1, Ca 55 mgL−1,TOC 12.3 mgL−1, ammonia 0.24 mgL−1, Total Nitrogen (TN) 3.78 mgL−1, Total Phosphate (TP) 0.109 mgL−1 of pond water. Based on TN:TP (10.09) of water showed nutrient was balanced. Productivity of ponds was on eutrophic state based on both TN and TP. Survival rate of catfish was 100%, absolute gain of weight 8.46 g and lenght 3.99 cm, Feed efficiency of fish was 101.55% and the density of phytoplankton was 217 cell/mL.
A periodic matrix population model to predict growth potential of the invasive Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Varunidae)

The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) (Brachyura: Varunidae) is an important commercial species in Asia, but it has become invasive in North America and Europe, being responsible for dramatic ecological and economic consequences. It is essential to understand its population growth potential in order to effectively control the species. The matrix population model is a powerful tool to quantitatively evaluate population growth since it can incorporate important life-history information. We developed a periodic matrix population model for the Chinese mitten crab based on information on its life history, and evaluated the efficacy of possible control strategies. Elasticity analysis indicated that water temperature and mortality rate during larval development contribute most to population growth. Larval development is therefore the most critical stage in the life history of E. sinensis . The estuarine environment deserves more attention when evaluating the future invasion risk of the species because this is the habitat in which larvae occur. Numerical simulation results also suggested that considerable long-term efforts are required to eradicate this pest once it becomes established, which highlights the importance of taking control measures at the early stages of invasion.