Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-Dose Aspirin after ASPRE—More Questions Than Answers? Current International Approach after PE Screening in the First Trimester

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multi-factorial disorder of pregnancy, and it continues to be one of the leading causes of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aspirin is universally recommended for high-risk women to reduce preeclampsia risk. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recommendations of various scientific societies on predicting preeclampsia and their indications for the inclusion of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) prophylaxis. Fourteen guidelines were compared. The recommended dose, screening method, and gestational age at the start of the test vary depending on the recommendation. The societies are inclined to recommend using increasingly higher doses (>75 mg) of ASA, with many encouraging doses from 100 mg upward. Most societies indicate that the optimal time for implementing aspirin is prior to 16 weeks’ gestation. Following the publication of the Aspirin for Evidence-Based Preeclampsia Prevention (ASPRE) trial results and other papers evaluating the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) screening model, a large number of societies have changed their recommendations from those based on risk factors alone to the ones based on the risk assessment proposed by the FMF. This allows for the detection of a high-risk pregnancy population in whom aspirin will be remarkably effective in preventing preterm PE, thereby decreasing maternal and fetal morbidity.
Optimal extraction from a renewable groundwater aquifer with stochastic recharge

This work considers the management of an aquifer with stochastic recharge and finite boundaries. For a class of such models we show that there is a positive threshold of the water stock that the manager should aim at keeping. Thus, under the optimal extraction regime at a time when the water stock is lower than this threshold, there should be no pumping from the aquifer, while at times when the water stock is greater than the threshold, all water in excess of the threshold level should be pumped. The threshold level happens to coincide with the aquifer boundary for sufficiently high unit cost of pumping, in which case, only the runoff water of excess recharge should be collected.
Variables associated with sleep quality in chronic tension-type headache: A cross-sectional and longitudinal design

Objective To investigate variables associated at baseline (cross-sectional design) and at one year (longitudinal design) with the quality of sleep in chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). Methods One hundred and eighty (n = 180) and 135 individuals with CTTH participated in the cross-sectional and longitudinal design respectively. Clinical features were collected with a 4-weeks headache diary at baseline and one-year follow-up. Sleep quality was assessed at baseline and 1-year follow-up with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-HADS), burden of headache (Headache Disability Inventory-HDI), quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire), and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) at trigeminal, extra-trigeminal and widespread area were assessed at baseline. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between variables at baseline and 1-year follow-up with sleep quality. Results At baseline positive correlations between sleep quality and headache intensity, headache frequency, headache duration, emotional and physical burden of headache and depression were observed. The regression analyses found that depression and emotional burden of headache explained 27.5% of the variance in sleep quality at baseline (r2 = .262; F = 23.72 P < .001). At one-year, sleep quality was significantly associated with baseline burden of headache, depression, widespread PPTs, vitality and mental health domains. Regression analyses revealed that vitality, PPT over the second metacarpal and PPT over the neck explained 30.0% of the variance of sleep quality at one-year (r2 = .269, F = 9.71, P < .001). Conclusions It seems that sleep quality exhibits a complex interaction in individuals with CTTH since depression and the emotional burden were associated with sleep quality at baseline, but vitality and PPTs over extra-trigeminal areas were associated with the quality of sleep at one-year.
Influence of Foliar Application of Nitrogen on Tree Growth, Precocity, Fruit Quality, and Leaf Mineral Nutrients in Young ‘Fuji’ Apple Trees on Three Rootstocks

Abstract The influence of three foliar applications and one ground application of nitrogen on tree growth, precocity, fruit quality at harvest and after storage, and leaf mineral concentrations in young ‘Fuji’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees on three root-stocks were studied. Trees that received a total of 197 g urea (90.6 g actual N) as a ground application over three growing seasons had greater trunk cross-sectional area (TCA), yield per tree, and yield efficiency than trees which received one of three rates of foliar applications. Trees receiving ground-applied or foliarly-applied urea at the highest rate had the heaviest fruit. Fruit firmness was greatest in the lowest foliar treatment. Ground application resulted in greater than average leaf N in 1994 and the greatest leaf Ca and lowest percentage leaf dry weight, leaf K, Zn, and Cu in both 1993 and 1994. Trees on M.9 NAKBT337 were more precocious and smaller in size than those on M.7 EMLA. Trees on M.7 EMLA had lower yield efficiency and greate.
The cancer-associated U2AF35 470A>G (Q157R) mutation creates an in-frame alternative 5′ splice site that impacts splicing regulation in Q157R patients

Recent work has identified cancer-associated U2AF35 missense mutations in two zinc-finger (ZnF) domains, but little is known about Q157R/P substitutions within the second ZnF. Surprisingly, we find that the c.470A>G mutation not only leads to the Q157R substitution, but also creates an alternative 5′ splice site (ss) resulting in the deletion of four amino acids (Q157Rdel). Q157P, Q157R, and Q157Rdel control alternative splicing of distinct groups of exons in cell culture and in human patients, suggesting that missplicing of different targets may contribute to cellular aberrations. Our data emphasize the importance to explore missense mutations beyond altered protein sequence.
Ion microprobe mass analysis of plagioclase from 'non-mare' lunar samples

The ion microprobe was used to measure the composition and distribution of trace elements in lunar plagioclase, and these analyses are used as criteria in determining the possible origins of some nonmare lunar samples. The Apollo 16 samples with metaclastic texture and high-bulk trace-element contents contain plagioclase clasts with extremely low trace-element contents. These plagioclase inclusions represent unequilibrated relicts of anorthositic, noritic, or troctolitic rocks that have been intermixed as a rock flour into the KREEP-rich matrix of these samples. All of the plagioclase-rich inclusions which were analyzed in the KREEP-rich Apollo 14 breccias were found to be rich in trace elements. This does not seem to be consistent with the interpretation that the Apollo 14 samples represent a pre-Imbrium regolith, because such an ancient regolith should have contained many plagioclase clasts with low trace-element contents more typical of plagioclase from the pre-Imbrium crust. Ion-microprobe analyses for Ba and Sr in large plagioclase phenocrysts in 14310 and 68415 are consistent with the bulk compositions of these rocks and with the known distribution coefficients for these elements. The distribution coefficient for Li (basaltic liquid/plagioclase) was measured to be about 2.
2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia

A 41-year-old woman with a travel history to Wuhan, China, where the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was spreading (1), presented with a 4-day history of fever. Laboratory examinations and chest radiographs were negative. Chest CT (Figure) showed multifocal ground-glass opacities in the perihilar and subpleural regions of both lungs, a common finding of 2019-nCoV–infected pneumonia (2–5). A throat swab was positive for 2019-nCoV on the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. The patient was immediately isolated for clinical monitoring.
On why gravel bed streams are paved

Bedload transport in poorly sorted gravel bed streams downstream of dams is considered. Bedload and typical bed material (subpavement) size distributions are observed to be similar; it follows that the coarse half of the subpavement moves through a reach at a rate near that of the fine half. Since coarser grains are intrinsically less mobile than fine grains, it follows that some mechanism must act to nearly equalize mobility. It is hypothesized that the pavement seen in gravel bed streams at low flow is in fact in place during typical transport events capable of moving all available sizes. This pavement can provide the equalizing mechanism by exposing proportionally more coarse grains to the flow. Field data are used to quantify this concept and to develop a predictive relation for river pavement. The model indicates that pavement should be absent in most sand bed streams, in agreement with observation.
Ionic Concentrations and Activities in Soil Solutions

The chemical composition of displaced soil solutions is used to illustrate the procedure for correcting measured ionic concentrations to actual ionic concentrations and ionic activities. The procedure distributes soil-solution electrolytes at equilibrium among their various ionic species by using equations for ion-activity coefficients, ion-pair dissociation, weak-acid and weak-base dissociation, and hydrolysis. More than a score of related equations had to be solved simultaneously; thus, mathematical solution was effected through the method of successive approximation. Rapid correction of soil-solution analytical data to actual concentrations and activities of individual soil-solution ions was made possible by using computer program.
Small features in the EIT-SoHO images

The Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) of SoHO incessantly observes small coronal and transition region features: EUV bright points, ephemeral regions, brightenings, network enhancements, loop segments, etc. In this work, the small objects are extracted and characterized automatically in terms of their scale, location, peak and background intensities. We correct for the visibility bias introduced by the expansion of bright regions that develops with the solar cycle, and we plot the resulting instantaneous densities over the 19962001 period. The four time-series exhibit dissimilar trends. The 171 Å and 195 Å channels are found to show a moderate anti-cyclic behaviour.
Drumlin sedimentology in a hard‐bed, lowland setting, Connemara, western Ireland: implications for subglacial bedform generation in areas of sparse till cover

Cores of coastal drumlins in Connemara contain stratified diamictons that interdigitate with gravelly clinoforms and finer grained rhythmites. The diamictons are interpreted as subaqueous mud apron deposits delivered by subglacial till advection to continuously failing subaqueous ice‐contact fans, whose strata were being syn‐depositionally over‐steepened by glacitectonic deformation. The localized nature of the stratified sediments reflects the emergence of subglacial deforming tills and meltwater deposits in a glacilacustrine environment to produce interdigitated mass flow diamictons and grounding line fans/wedges. These depo‐centres became glacitectonized and subglacially streamlined during glacier overriding and hence regional drumlin sedimentology reflects the varying degrees of inheritance of pre‐existing glacigenic deposits and suggests that drumlin production relates more to the position of localized sediment accumulations at the glacier bed than full‐depth till deformation processes (e.g. instability mechanisms) within the same drumlin field. Till cored drumlins give way down ice to stratified cored drumlins with till caps and then to stratified drumlins. This zonation is compatible with the increased lateral variability in drumlin composition that would arise from the occurrence of linear assemblages of glacifluvial (esker) and subaqueous (grounding line) sediments in an otherwise marginal‐thickening till sheet.
Modeling tracer transport at the MADE site: The importance of heterogeneity

We examine three stochastic transport models of the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site using high‐resolution conductivity fields derived from a new geostatistical interpretation of the flowmeter data. Evaluation of the spatial continuity of the hydraulic conductivity data revealed a hole effect structure indicating the occurrence of periodic structures, i.e., clustered lenses or facies. Alternatively, we examine geostatistical models based on indicator variables and found a similarity to bivariate Gaussian properties. Tritium transport was simulated in kriged fields and in random fields generated using different geostatistical models, at a grid spacing equal to the vertical support scale of the flowmeter measurements to explicitly represent small‐scale heterogeneity. Only those simulations obtained using the hole effect model resulted in a subset of realizations which reproduced the strong anomalous tracer spreading. Neglecting the hole effect structure of the spatial model in the Gaussian simulations resulted in a reduced tailing of the tracer, illustrating the importance of preferential flow on anomalous solute transport at the Columbus aquifer. Furthermore, we found that a multivariate Gaussian random function is adequate to model the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity at the MADE site, based on the results of the indicator transport simulations and the univariate and bivariate normality detected in the analysis of the flowmeter data. We conclude that, when small‐scale variability of hydraulic conductivity is correctly modeled at the flowmeter measurement support scale, the ADE is capable of reproducing the tracer spreading. Results suggest that the main contributor to the operational “memory function” used in previous successful mass transfer models is mostly a reflection of the suppressed spatial variation of hydraulic conductivity at the model scale.
Breaking new ground: re-inventing Māori role in Te Waihora /Lake Ellesmere’s governance

Struggles relating to governance of water resources by indigenous peoples are a well documented issue in social science literature world-wide. Informed by the debates in this literature, our research examines recent initiatives to enhance Māori role in water governance in Aotearoa/New Zealand based on a case of the recently reinvented governance arrangements for Te Waihora/Lake Ellesmere in the Canterbury region. In the New Zealand context, governance of freshwater has undergone significant restructuring in the last twenty-five years, with wide-ranging changes being precipitated by the neo-liberal agendas of recent governments. Emerging alongside this neo-liberal agenda was the revival of indigenous rights language in New Zealand, a reflection of recently growing recognition within the wider New Zealand society of the aboriginal customary natural resource ownership and management rights guaranteed to Māori by the Treaty of Waitangi signed in 1840. We argue that three factors: property rights, globalisation and the regulatory planning environment for management both enable and constrain indigenous peoples to govern natural resources within a post-colonial society such as New Zealand, using Te Waihora as a case.
Australian Tertiary Paleotemperatures

Tertiary fossil oysters and clams from sites in southern Victoria, Australia, of about lat. 38° S. have been used to determine paleotemperatures from their $$O^{18}/O^{16}$$ ratio. High temperatures were found in the Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene with a fairly sharp drop into the Middle Miocene.
Arabidopsis thaliana telomeres exhibit euchromatic features

Telomere function is influenced by chromatin structure and organization, which usually involves epigenetic modifications. We describe here the chromatin structure of Arabidopsis thaliana telomeres. Based on the study of six different epigenetic marks we show that Arabidopsis telomeres exhibit euchromatic features. In contrast, subtelomeric regions and telomeric sequences present at interstitial chromosomal loci are heterochromatic. Histone methyltransferases and the chromatin remodeling protein DDM1 control subtelomeric heterochromatin formation. Whereas histone methyltransferases are required for histone H3K92Me and non-CpG DNA methylation, DDM1 directs CpG methylation but not H3K92Me or non-CpG methylation. These results argue that both kinds of proteins participate in different pathways to reinforce subtelomeric heterochromatin formation.
EMIC waves and plasmaspheric and plume density: CRRES results

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves frequently occur during geomagnetic storms, specifically during the main phase and 3–6 days following the minimum Sym − H value. EMIC waves contribute to the loss of ring current ions and radiation belt MeV electrons. Recent studies have suggested that cold plasma density structures found inside the plasmasphere and plasmaspheric plumes are important for the generation and propagation of EMIC waves. During the CRRES mission, 913 EMIC wave events and 124 geomagnetic storms were identified. In this study we compare the quiet time cold plasma density to the cold plasma density measured during EMIC wave events across different geomagnetic conditions. We found statistically that EMIC waves occurred in regions of enhanced densities. EMIC waves were, on average, not associated with large local negative density gradients.
Induction of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats chronically exposed to cypermethrin through dermal application

Present study was undertaken to study the effect of cypermethrin on oxidative stress after chronic dermal application. The insecticide was applied dermally at 50 mg/kg body weight in different groups of Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150~200 g. Significant (p < 0.05) increase in catalase activity was observed after 30 days of exposure. However, the superoxide dismutase activity declined significantly after 60 days of exposure. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and blood glutathione levels declined significantly (p < 0.05) after 30 days of cypermethrin dermal application. However, the activity of glutathione S-transferase increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all groups after 60 days of dermal exposure. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed from 30 days onwards and reached a peak after 120 days of application.
Late Quaternary Vegetational and Climatic History of the Snag-Klutlan Area, Southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada

Present vegetation in the Snag-Klutlan area has a general altitudinal zonation; tree line being between 4100 and 4400 ft elevation on almost all slopes. Pollen spectra from surface samples below tree line generally reflect the vegetational composition. Those from above tree line, however, do not always reflect the surrounding vegetation, because they contain a large amount of pollen originating from below tree line. A pollen diagram from pond sediments suggests the following vegetational sequence for the last 31,000 yrs: 31,000 B.P. through 27,000 B.P., fell-field or sedge-moss tundra followed by shrub tundra; 27,000 B.P. through 10,000 B.P., sedge-moss tundra; 10,000 B.P. through 8700 B.P., shrub tundra; 8700 B.P. through 5700 B.P., spruce woodland; 5700 B.P. through present, spruce forest. The diagram also suggests the following negative departures of July temperatures: 31,000 B.P. through 27,000 B.P., at least 8°F and possibly as much as 16°F; 27,000 B.P. through 13,500 B.P., 13°; 13,500 B.P. through 10,000 B.P., 12°F; 10,000 B.P., through 8700 B.P., 8°F. Precipitation seems to have been lower during cooler intervals than are present levels. Precipitation also seems to have increased over the last 6000 yrs. Logs above the present tree line imply that summer temperatures have fluctuated above present values between 6000 B.P. and 1220 B.P. Tree-ring studies indicate that temperatures during the 200 yrs preceding 1940 were as much as 2°F cooler than present.
Redetermination of orotic acid monohydrate

The crystal structure of the title compound, which is also known as vitamin B13 (systematic name: 2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid monohydrate), C5H4N2O4·H2O, was reported for the first time by Takusagawa & Shimada [Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn (1973 ▶), 46, 2011–2019]. The present redetermination provides more precise values of the molecular geometry. The asymmetric unit comprises a planar diketo tautomer and a solvent water molecule. In the crystal structure, molecules are connected by O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving NH groups, two carbonyl O atoms and the solvent water molecule.
Effects of logging, hunting, and forest fragment size on physiological stress levels of two sympatric ateline primates in Colombia

This study provides evidence that hunting and logging can impose stress on animals. Spider monkeys showed elevated fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGCM) levels in forest fragments with high levels of human impact, whereas howler monkeys did not. Glucocorticoid measurements can be a useful tool to monitor wildlife populations in disturbed areas.
Habitat quality of historic Snake River fall Chinook salmon spawning locations and implications for incubation survival. Part 1: substrate quality

We evaluated substrate quality at two historic fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning sites in the Snake River, Idaho, USA. The primary objective of this evaluation was to measure sediment permeability within these areas to determine the potential quality of the habitat in the event that anadromous salmonids are reintroduced to the upper Snake River. Riverbed sediments within the two sites in the upper Snake River were sampled using freeze cores and hydraulic slug tests. Sediment grain size distributions at both sites were typical of gravel‐bed rivers with the surface layer coarser than the underlying substrate, suggesting the riverbed surface was armoured. Despite the armoured nature of the bed, the size of the largest material present on the riverbed surface was well within the size limit of material capable of being excavated by spawning fall Chinook salmon. The percentage of fines was low, suggesting good quality substrate for incubating salmon embryos. Geometric mean particle sizes found in this study compared to a 55% to 80% survival to emergence based on literature values. Hydraulic slug tests showed moderate to high hydraulic conductivity and were comparable to values from current fall Chinook salmon spawning areas in the Hells Canyon Reach of the Snake River and the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River. Predicted estimates of mean egg survival at both sites (48% and 74%) equalled or exceeded estimates from fall Chinook salmon spawning areas in the Hells Canyon Reach and the Hanford Reach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.