Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance comparison among typical open global DEM datasets in the Fenhe River Basin of China

ABSTRACT This paper aims to compare the performance of typical open global DEM datasets by using the indexes of elevation error, relative error and hydrologic network. Taking Fenhe River Basin of China as the study area, this research made quantitative performance comparison among four typical open global DEM datasets including SRTM data with 1” (SRTM1) and 3” (SRTM3) resolutions, ASTER Global DEM data at the 2nd version (GDEM-v2) and ALOS World 3D-30 m (AW3D) data. Through process and selection, more than 80,000 ICESat/GLA14 points were used as the reference data, and the elevation error was computed and compared accordingly. Furthermore, relative error was analyzed using slope values, and false slope ratio index was computed and categorically compared. Finally, the hydrologic networks extracted from the four DEM datasets were compared to the reference hydrologic network acquired by visual interpretation from remote sensing images. The research results show that the AW3D has the best performance, which is approximate to but a little better than SRTM1. The performance of SRTM3 and GDEM-v2 is similar, which are much worse than that of AW3D and SRTM1, and the performance of GDEM-v2 is the worst of all.
Game On: Social Networks and Markets

I present closed-form solutions for prices, portfolios, and beliefs in a model where four types of investors trade assets over time: naive investors who learn via a social network, ``fanatics'' possibly spreading fake news, rational short-term investors, and long-term investors. I show that fanatic and rational views dominate over time due to echo-chamber effects, and their relative importance depends on their following by influencers. Securities markets exhibit social network spillovers, large effects of influencers and thought leaders, bubbles, bursts of high volume, price momentum, fundamental momentum, and reversal. The model sheds new light on the GameStop event, historical bubbles, and asset markets more generally.
Bioecological and statistical risk assessment of toxic metals in sediments of a worldwide important wetland: Gala Lake National Park (Turkey)

Abstract Gala Lake National Park that has an international importance is one of the most important wetland ecosystems for Turkey. As same as many aquatic habitats, Gala Lake is under a significant anthropogenic pressure originated from agricultural activities conducted around the lake and from industrial discharges by means of Ergene River. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sediment quality of Gala Lake and Irrigation Canal by investigating some toxic element accumulations (As, B, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu) from a statistical perspective. Pearson Correlation Index (PCI) and Factor Analysis (FA) were applied to detected data in order to determine the associated contaminants and effective factors on the system. Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) and Biological Risk Index based sediment quality guidelines (mERM-Q) applied to detected data in order to assess the ecological and biological risks of heavy metals in the ecosystem. Also Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was used to make visual explanations by presenting distribution maps of investigated elements. According to the results of PCI, significant positive correlations were recorded among the investigated toxic elements at 0.01 significance level. According to the results of FA, two factors, which were named as “Agricultural Factor” and “Industrial Factor”, explained 86.6% of the total variance. According to the results of Potential Ecological Risk Index, cadmium was found to be the highest risk factor and according to results of Biological Risk Index, nickel and chromium were found to be the highest risk factors for Gala Lake and Irrigation Canal. As a result of the present study, it was also determined that heavy metal contents in sediments of Gala Lake National Park reached to critical levels and the system is intensively under effect of agricultural and industrial originated pollution.
Evaluation on the physicochemical properties and mineral contents of Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaves dried extract and its antioxidant and antibacterial capacities

The search for newer natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents, especially based on plant origin, has become important issue in many pharmaceutical industries and laboratories. Plant extracts and different sources of natural matrices have been reported to have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Indo: “Belimbing Wuluh”), family Oxalidaceae, is used in a traditional medicine to cure some diseases such as cough, sprue, rheumatism, toothache, stomach ache, and diarrhoea (Alhassan & Ahmed, 2016). Several studies on the utilization of A. Bilimbi have been carried out. For example, its leaves have been used to develop antibacterial agents (Pendit et al., 2016) and to treat skin diseases (Saputra & Anggraini, 2016). The leaves of A. bilimbi showed strong anticoagulant effect on diabetic rats (Sales et al., 2018). Additionally, the methanolic extract of A. bilimbi leaves possessed moderate analgesic and antiinflammatory properties (Miraj et al., 2019).
Effect of Antioxidant and Pro-oxidant on the Stability of Microencapsulated Squalene by Spray Drying

Natural hydrocarbon compounds are extremely in high demand across various applications. For instance, squalene (SQ) is widely used in cosmetic and food supplement industries, due to beneficial health components. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentials of antioxidant addition on the physical properties, as well as SQ stability in spray-dried powder at various oil droplet diameters (0.3 – 4 µm). Rosemary oil extract served as antioxidant, while iron (II) sulfate accelerated the oxidation. Subsequently, SQ stability was evaluated at four separate temperatures, termed 25, 50, 70, and 105 ° C, after one month storage. Also, the morphological structures of the samples were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed the oil droplet diameter influenced the physical properties of SQ, as lesser drip sizes were known to enhance material strength. Furthermore, antioxidant inclusion proved to be effective in inhibiting oxidation, particularly in powders with extensive oil droplet diameter. Therefore, high regression coefficients (R 2 > 0.97) and reduced chi-square confirmed Weibull model acceptance in predicting the retention of SQ content.
Postoperative Pain Profile After Major Cervicofacial Cancer Surgery

Background: Despite its anticipation, postoperative pain may be still poorly managed in some cases, such as in patients undergoing major cervicofacial cancer surgery. Indeed, the postoperative pain associated with these surgeries is complex and multifactorial. Objective: To assess the profile of postoperative pain scores and opioid requirements in a cohort of consecutive patients undergoing major cancer cervicofacial surgery with or without reconstruction. Methods: A cohort of 42 consecutive patients was studied. The following parameters were recorded: patients characteristics, type of surgery, preoperative medication preoperative pain scores, and postoperative pain score (5-point numerical verbal scale) upon arrival at the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and at Day 1 to Day 7 (11-point visual numeric scale), the presence or absence of neuropathic and/or chronic pain one year later (determined by a phone interview), and morphine consumption. Results: All patients had a pain score of less than 3 in the PACU. From postoperative day 1 to day 7, pain scores were extremely variable and stayed high or even increased up to 7 in many patients. At the one-year phone interview, some patients had neuropathic and chronic pain.Discussion: Postoperative pain profiles in major cervicofacial cancer are complex, with high interindividual variability and with cases with neuropathic patterns and high pain scores that can last up to 7 days postoperatively.
Effect of water to binder ratio and particle size distribution of waste glass powder on the compressive-strength and modulus of elasticity of normal-strength concrete

Abstract This paper aims to experimentally study the impact of waste glass powder (GP) as a partial cement replacement (up to 20%) with two different particle size distributions ((55 µm < GP-A < 135 µm) and (55 µm > GP-B)) on the compressive strength and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) of concrete. The concrete mixes for GP-A considered in this study have water to binder ratio (w/b) of 0.49 and 0.57, whereas only a w/b ratio of 0.57 was considered for GP-B mixes. The experimental data obtained were used to develop different models to predict the elastic modulus of GP-modified concrete. The test results showed that the compressive strength and the MOE decreased with the increase of GP content. The size effect of GP as compared to w/b and GP content on compressive and MOE was relatively small. A nearly similar failure behaviour and peak strain were observed for all concrete mixes. The stiffness of the concrete decreases comparatively with an increase in the GP replacement level. Finally, the proposed MOE equations provide better predictions than the empirical models and practice codes considered in this study. They can be used in calculating the elastic modulus of GP-modified concrete.
How Does the Periodic Groundwater Table Fluctuation Impact on Chlorinated Vapor Intrusion?

Periodic groundwater table fluctuations are found frequently in natural aquifers due to sea tides or seasonal recharge. However, their impact on the transport of volatile organic compounds in the vadose zone released from a groundwater contaminant source (i.e., vapor intrusion) has not been well known. A 2D numerical model was developed to explore vapor intrusion processes in the sandy vadose zone, subject to a fluctuating groundwater table with a range of fluctuation amplitudes and periods. A carcinogenic compound, Trichloroethylene (TCE), was chosen as the groundwater contaminant of interest in the current study and assumed to transport into the dwelling through a crack at the corner of the basement. Results showed that the resistant effect caused by high soil moisture contents in the thin capillary fringe is weakened by periodic groundwater table fluctuations, resulting in a higher concentration of gaseous TCE at the building foundation crack, in comparison with that under a static groundwater table. The increase of the gaseous TCE concentration was induced by the enhancement of diffusion and advection due to groundwater table fluctuations. Sensitivity analyses indicated that a higher amplitude and frequency of fluctuations lead to a higher TCE concentration at the crack under the dynamic equilibrium condition. Specifically, compared with the static groundwater table condition, the TCE concentration at the crack increased by one order of magnitude under the condition of groundwater table fluctuations with an amplitude of 0.2 m and a period of one day. The results obtained could provide insights into the importance of the amplitude and frequency of groundwater table fluctuations on vapor intrusion.
Emergency Preparedness within the Hotel Industry: A Case Study of Wuhan City, China

Received: 20 April 2020 Accepted: 3 January 2021 The hospitality industry is one of the most vulnerable to emergency events and can be highly affected by various hazards. Within the hospitality industry, hotels are faced with multi-crises and disasters. Emergency preparedness is one of the most efficient ways to deal with emergencies and increase the resilience of the businesses, especially in highrisk areas. This research aims to identify the main risks that may threaten hotels and investigate the state of emergency preparedness of “five-star” hotels in Wuhan city, China, by conducting interviews among general manager and sending questionnaires to safety and security managers in the hotel sectors. Findings show that Wuhan’s hotels are exposed to a wide range of risks, and all of the respondent five-star hotels have plans or frameworks prepared for crises and disasters. Results indicate that there is an overall high level of preparedness for crises and disasters in five-star hotels in Wuhan, China. Findings also reveal that many of the challenges facing hoteliers are connected to emergency communication and tourist-oriented disaster preparedness planning. On the basis of the results, implications are discussed. It is hoped that this paper will shed light on emergency preparedness for hotel industry.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Secretory Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity: Report of Two Cases and Pooled Analysis of the Recent Literature

Background: Secretory carcinoma (SC) is a malignancy of the salivary glands, which is similar to SC of the breast in terms of its association with neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion-positive gene. SC is a recently described salivary gland tumor, and there are few reports describing oral minor salivary gland-derived SC. We reported two cases of SC in the oral cavity and reviewed the literature.Case presentation: The patients included a 65-year-old Japanese woman presented with a mass of the upper lip and an 84-year-old Japanese man presented with a mass on the buccal mucosa, respectively. Diagnosis was based on histomorphological and immunohistochemical findings and identification of a specific translocation of the ETS variant 6-neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (ETV6-NTRK3) gene fusion. Case 1 was finally diagnosed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples, while case 2 was diagnosed using fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Conclusion: It is highly likely for many cases of SC to be initially diagnosed as acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) owing to their similar histological findings. The treatment strategy for minor salivary gland-originated SC is the same as that for AciCC, but SC is often highly malignant and involves a high risk of cervical lymph node metastasis. Making an accurate diagnosis in cooperation with pathologists and confirming the presence of the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene using genetic analysis is important.
Investigating Clustering and Violence Interruption in Gang-Related Violent Crime Data Using Spatial–Temporal Point Processes With Covariates

Abstract Reported gang-related violent crimes in Los Angeles, California, from 1/1/14 to 12/31/17 are modeled using spatial–temporal marked Hawkes point processes with covariates. We propose an algorithm to estimate the spatial-temporally varying background rate nonparametrically as a function of demographic covariates. Kernel smoothing and generalized additive models are used in an attempt to model the background rate as closely as possible in an effort to differentiate inhomogeneity in the background rate from causal clustering or triggering of events. The models are fit to data from 2014 to 2016 and evaluated using data from 2017, based on log-likelihood and superthinned residuals. The impact of nonrandomized violence interruption performed by The City of Los Angeles Mayor’s Office of Gang Reduction Youth Development (GRYD) Incident Response (IR) Program is assessed by comparing the triggering associated with GRYD IR Program events to the triggering associated with sub-sampled non-GRYD events selected to have a similar spatial–temporal distribution. The results suggest that GRYD IR Program violence interruption yields a reduction of approximately 18.3% in the retaliation rate in locations more than 130 m from the original reported crimes, and a reduction of 14.2% in retaliations within 130 m.
Graphene oxide for enhanced optical nonlinear performance in CMOS compatible integrated devices

We report enhanced nonlinear optics in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible photonic platforms through the use of layered two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) films. We integrate GO films with silicon-on-insulator nanowires (SOI), high index doped silica glass (Hydex) and silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides and ring resonators, to demonstrate an enhanced optical nonlinearity including Kerr nonlinearity and four-wave mixing (FWM). The GO films are integrated using a large-area, transfer-free, layer-by-layer method while the film placement and size are controlled by photolithography. In SOI nanowires we observe a dramatic enhancement in both the Kerr nonlinearity and nonlinear figure of merit (FOM) due to the highly nonlinear GO films. Self-phase modulation (SPM) measurements show significant spectral broadening enhancement for SOI nanowires coated with patterned films of GO. The dependence of GO’s Kerr nonlinearity on layer number and pulse energy shows trends of the layered GO films from 2D to quasi bulk-like behavior. The nonlinear parameter of GO coated SOI nanowires is increased 16 folds, with the nonlinear FOM increasing over 20 times to FOM > 5. We also observe an improved FWM efficiency in SiN waveguides integrated with 2D layered GO films. FWM measurements for samples with different numbers of GO layers and at different pump powers are performed, achieving up to ≈7.3 dB conversion efficiency (CE) enhancement for a uniformly coated device with 1 layer of GO and ≈9.1 dB for a patterned device with 5 layers of GO. These results reveal the strong potential of GO films to improve the nonlinear optics of silicon, Hydex and SiN photonic devices.
Identification of Macro Elements (Sucrose, Glucose and Fructose) and Micro Elements (Metal Minerals) in the Products of Palm Sugar, Coconut Sugar and Sugar Cane

—Nowadays, there are many kinds of sweetener commonly found in foods and beverages available on the market such as sugar cane, brown sugar (coconut sugar) and palm sugar. Those types of sugar have different nutritional content. Palm sugar is widely consumed as a natural sweetener since it is quite safe for the body, because the palm sugar contains several macro and micronutrient elements. It is estimated that the nutrient content on palm sugar is higher compare than those in sugar cane and coconut sugar. In this study it was found that the water content for palm sugar, sugar cane and coconut sugar respectively 1.49%, 0.01% and 0.78%, ash content: 0.8%, 1.5% and 1.5 %, fat content: 4.67%, 18.69%, 12.28%. The simple sugars found in palm and coconut sugar were sucrose, glucose and fructose respectively 89.94%, 3.61%, 3.50% and 86.86%, 4.64%, 3.70% while sugar cane only contained sucrose at 94.75%. The complete mineral content was found in coconut sugar. Most of these were minerals Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn respectively 14.40%, 1.56%, 0.90% and 0.96%. Palm and sugar cane contained 3 minerals of Fe, Zn and Cu respectively 9.66%, 1.56%, 1.51% and 6.52%, 1.21%, 0.98%. This study provides the information the values of palm sugar that could be employed as a healthy and the natural sweetener.
Optimization of Heparin Monitoring with Anti-FXa Assays and Impact of Dextran Sulfate for Measuring All In-Vivo Drug Activity

Heparins, Unfractionated or Low Molecular Weight, are permanently at the spotlight of both clinical indications and laboratory monitoring. An accurate drug dosage is necessary for an efficient and safe therapy. The one-stage anti-FXa kinetics’ assays are the most widely and universally used with full automation for large series, without needing exogenous Antithrombin. WHO international standards are available for UFH and LMWH, but external quality assessment surveys still report a high inter-assay variability. This heterogeneity results from: assay formulation, designed without or with dextran sulfate to measure all heparin in blood circulation; calibrators for testing UFH or LMWH with the same curve; and automation parameters. The various factors which impact heparin measurements are reviewed, and we share our experience to optimize assays for completely testing plasma heparin. Evidence is provided on the usefulness of low molecular weight dextran sulfate to mobilize all drug present in blood circulation. Other key factors concern adjustment of assay conditions to obtain fully superimposable calibration curves for UFH and LMWH, and automation parameters. The study is illustrated by the performances of the various anti-FXa assays used for testing heparin on UFH or LMWH treated patients’ plasmas and obtained using citrate or CTAD anticoagulants. Comparable results are obtained only when CTAD anticoagulant is used. Using citrate UFH is underestimated in the absence of dextran sulfate. Heparin calibrators, adjustment of automation parameters and data treatment contribute to other smaller
Line Roughness in Lamellae-Forming Block Copolymer Films

We study the line roughness in poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) symmetric block copolymer thin films and propose a phenomenological model to fit and describe the observed line edge, width, and placement roughness. Owing to the layering structure of symmetric block copolymers, we build from the model used to describe the thermal fluctuations in bilayer membranes and add a term for the bulk composition fluctuations in a phase segregated system. We use the peristaltic and undulatory modes of bilayer membranes to describe the width and placement roughness, respectively. We also include the correlations between adjacent domains to capture the cross-talk between alternating domains. We find that the model reproduces most of the main features observed in the power spectral density of our block copolymer films, providing a baseline to understand the physical properties that influence line roughness in a system relevant to nanolithography.
Gender Justice and Equality in Rice Farming Friendly Environment in Realizing Family Food Security

The purpose of this study was to analyze justice and gender equality in environmentally friendly lowland rice farming in realizing family food security in Banten Province. The research method is a survey with research design is descriptive that takes samples in one population using questionnaires as a data collection tool. The study was conducted for three months from April to June 2019. The research sites were in three districts in Banten Province, namely Serang Regency, Pandeglang Regency, and Lebak Regency. The number of samples in the study were 160 lowland rice farmer families (husband and wife). Data analysis uses gender equality and equity indexes. The results showed that access and control in farming activities were dominated by male farmers such as: land management, fertilization, pest and disease control, and marketing was dominated by male farmers while female farmers dominated in the nursery and maintenance stages. Planting and harvesting is done jointly between male and female farmers. Here we see the division of labor between male farmers and female farmers, where male farmers work on farming activities that rely on physical strength while female farmers get a division of labor that requires perseverance such as nursery and maintenance. The conclusion is that to realize justice and gender equality of ecofriendly rice farmers to achieve sustainable food security, of course, it must be supported by all parties, both government and farmers.