Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPTH_A_323944 4005..4014

1Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; 2Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; 3Parkinson’s Center, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; 4Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; 5Fondazione Santa Lucia I.R. C.C. S, Rome, Italy Purpose: To assess the structure and function of the retinal posterior pole in patients with early Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to identify possible biomarkers correlated with clinical features. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study of 21 patients with PD and 22 age-matched healthy controls (HC) was conducted. All subjects underwent full ophthalmological examinations, fundus perimetry (FP) and spectral domain-OCT (SD-OCT) of the entire retinal posterior pole and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL). Results: We analyzed 41 eyes from 21 patients (14 males and 7 females) with early PD (Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y) equal to or less than stage 2) and 41 eyes from 22 HC (12 males and 10 females). We found no significant difference in the pRNFL thickness between patients with PD and HC. The statistical analysis of the SD-OCT posterior pole area, consisting of 64 values for each retinal layer, revealed a decrease in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness in patients with PD (p < 0.0001). On the contrary, a significant increase in the thickness of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) (p < 0.0001) and of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) (p= 0.002) compared to healthy controls was detected. Other retinal layers showed no significant statistical differences. The differential light sensitivity (DLS) values measured by FP were significantly lower in patients than the healthy controls (15 [13–16.2] vs 17.95 [16.08–18.96] p<0.0001). Conclusion: Our results showed that DLS and retinal structure differed in the posterior pole between patients with early PD and controls. Thickening of the OPL may represent accumulation of α-synuclein in the OPL of patients with PD.
Spatiotemporal patterns and determinants of dengue at county level in China from 2005 – 2017 International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Objective: To identify the high risk spatiotemporal clusters of dengue cases and explore the associated risk factors. Methods: Monthly indigenous dengue cases in 2005-2017 were aggregated at county level. Spatiotemporal cluster analysis was used to explore dengue distribution features using SaTScan9.4. 4 and Arcgis10.3. 0. In addition, the in ﬂ uential factors and potential high risk areas of dengue outbreaks were analyzed using ecological niche models in Maxent 3.3. 1 software. Results: We found a heterogeneous spatial and temporal distribution pattern of dengue cases. The identi ﬁ ed high risk region in the primary cluster covered 13 counties in Guangdong Province and in the secondary clusters included 14 counties in Yunnan Province. Additionally, there was a nonlinear association between meteorological and environmental factors and dengue outbreaks, with 8.5% – 57.1%, 6.7% – 38.3% and 3.2% – 40.4% contribution from annual average minimum temperature, land cover and annual average precipitation, respectively. Conclusions: The high risk areas of dengue outbreaks mainly are located
CORRELATION OF THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE WITH PROLACTIN, FSH AND LH IN SUDANESE INFERTILE FEMALES

Introduction: Measurement of prolactin and thyroid hormones, especially thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), has been considered an important component of infertility work up in women. Thyroid dysfunctions interfere with numerous aspects of reproduction and pregnancy. Objectives: To correlate thyroid stimulating hormones level with FSH, LH and prolactin in infertility in the reproductive age women . Materials and methods: This study included 60 infertile women in reproductive age who attended the infertility clinics. 45 out of them were of primary infertility and 15 of secondary infertility. Thyroid stimulating hormones, prolactin, LH and FSH hormones levels were measured from all participants by TOSOH AIA360 (Fluorescence Enzyme Immunoassay). Results: Hyperprolactinemia was depicted in 21.6% infertile females. Prevalence of primary infertility was 75% while that of secondary infertility was 25% in study group, there was a significant positive correlation between serum TSH and Prolactin levels in infertile women with (p < 0.05) and negative correlation of TSH with LH and FSH. Conclusion: There was higher prevalence of hyperprolactinemia with normal thyroid function in infertile patients.
Succession of Arthropods on White Rat Carcasses in Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria

The forensic information provided by decomposition of small carcasses often goes unnoticed, even in advanced economies, due to frequent neglect. This paper reports the succession pattern of arthropod species that associated with carcasses of white rat, Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) (Rodentia: Muridae), in Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria. Four bushy sites were chosen for the study and nine rat carcasses were placed at each site once a season for two seasons. The carcasses were monitored daily until the process of decay was over. The visiting and colonizing invertebrates were collected daily and identified. Immatures were also collected and reared in the laboratory till adult emergence for easy identification. The carcasses went through five stages of decay and the arthropods arrived in the order Diptera (early fresh stage), Hymenoptera (late fresh stage), Coleoptera and Dermaptera (active decay stage), and Araneae and Oribatida (advanced decay stage). Dipteran flies were the first arthropods to interact with the remains but ants were the only arthropods that associated with all the five stages of decay. A total of 9828 arthropods (4415 adults and 5413 immatures) belonging to six orders in two classes of the phylum were collected in the study. The proportion of faunal abundance was Diptera (75.10%), Hymenoptera (22.90%), Coleoptera (1.80%), Dermaptera (0.10%), Oribatida (0.08%) and Araneae (0.02%). Rate of decay was faster and faunal population was higher on carcasses during the dry season compared to the wet. Faunal population was also higher on carcasses placed in close proximity to the Zoological garden. The implications of these results on accuracy of estimated postmortem interval (PMI) and applicability in law were discussed.
Expression of (cid:2) -catenin in (cid:2) -catenin–deﬁcient cells increases resistance to sphingosine-induced apoptosis

-Catenin, intracellular protein, associates with the COOH-terminal region of cadherin cell adhesion molecules through interactions with either (cid:3) -catenin or (cid:4) -catenin (plakoglobin). The full activity of cadherins re-quires a linkage to the actin cytoskeleton mediated by catenins. We transfected (cid:2) -catenin–deﬁcient colon carcinoma cells with a series of (cid:2) -catenin constructs to determine that (cid:2) -catenin expression increases the resistance to apoptosis induced by sphingosine. Two groups of constructs, containing deletions in either the middle segment of the molecule or the COOH terminus, induced morphological changes, cell compaction, and decreases in cell death. In (cid:2) -catenin–expressing cells, inhibition of cadherin cell adhesion by treatment with anti–E-cadherin antibodies (cid:2) did not decrease the cells viability. (cid:2) -Catenin expression partially suppressed the downregulation of Bcl-xL and the activation of caspase 3. Expression of p27kip1 protein, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, was increased by (cid:2) -catenin expression in low density cell cultures. The increased levels of p27kip1 correlated with both increased resistance to cell death and morphological changes in transfectants containing deletion mutants. Transfection-mediated upregulation of p27kip1 decreases sphingosine-induced cell death in (cid:2) -catenin–deﬁcient cells. We postulate that (cid:2) -catenin mediates transduction of signals from the cadherin–catenin complex to regulate the apoptotic cascade via p27kip1.
Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Effects Are Modulated by Endocannabinoid-Mediated CB 1 Receptor Activation

: Angiotensin II (Ang II) has various cardiac effects and causes vasoconstriction. Ang II activates the type-1 angiotensin receptor—G q/11 signaling pathway resulting in the release of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). We aimed to investigate whether cardiac Ang II effects are modulated by 2-AG-release and to identify the role of type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB 1 R) in these effects. Expression of CB 1 R in rat cardiac tissue was conﬁrmed by immunohistochemistry. To characterize short-term Ang II effects, increasing concentrations of Ang II (10 − 9 –10 − 7 M); whereas to assess tachyphylaxis, repeated infusions of Ang II (10 − 7 M) were administered to isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. Ang II infusions caused a decrease in coronary ﬂow and ventricular inotropy, which was more pronounced during the ﬁrst administration. CB agonist 2-AG and WIN55,212-2 administration to the perfusate enhanced coronary ﬂow. The ﬂow-reducing effect of Ang II was moderated in the presence of CB 1 R blocker O2050 and diacylglycerol-lipase inhibitor Orlistat. Our ﬁndings indicate that Ang II-induced cardiac effects are modulated by simultaneous CB 1 R-activation, most likely due to 2-AG-release during Ang II signalling. In this combined effect, the response to 2-AG via cardiac CB 1 R may counteract the positive inotropic effect of Ang II, which may decrease metabolic demand and augment Ang II-induced coronary vasoconstriction.
THE QUALITIES AND INSTRUMENT OF LIVER INJURY BROUGHT ABOUT BY COVID-19 WERE EXPLAINED FOR FUTURE HELP

: The extreme intense respiratory disorder coronavirus 2, pathogen of 2019 novel coronavirus sickness (COVID-19), has represented a genuine danger to worldwide general wellbeing. The WHO has announced the episode of SARS-CoV-2 disease a worldwide general wellbeing crisis. Our current research was conducted at DHQ Teaching Hospital DG Khan from April to July 2020. Lung sores have been considered as the major harm brought about by SARS-CoV-2 contamination. In any case, liver injury has likewise been accounted for to happen throughout the malady in serious cases. Correspondingly, past examines have demonstrated that liver harm was basic in cases tainted by the other two profoundly pathogenic coronavirus – serious intense respiratory condition coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory condition coronavirus, also, related with the seriousness of ailments. In this survey, the qualities also, instrument of liver injury brought about by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV just as SARS CoV- 2 contamination remained summed up, which might give assistance to additionally concentrates on liver wound of COVID-19.
Origins, Structure, and Inflows of m=1 Modes in Quasi-Keplerian Disks

Simulations show eccentric disks (m=1 modes) forming around quasi-Keplerian potentials, a topic of interest for fueling quasars, forming super-massive BHs, planet formation and migration, explaining the origin and properties of nuclear eccentric stellar disks like that in M31, and driving the formation of the obscuring AGN torus. We consider the global, linear normal m=1 modes in collisionless disks, without the restriction that the disk mass be negligible relative to the central (Keplerian) mass. We derive their structure and key resonance features, and show how they arise, propagate inwards, and drive both inflow/outflow and eccentricities in the disk. We compare with hydrodynamic simulations of such disks around a super-massive BH, with star formation, gas cooling, and feedback. We derive the dependence of the normal mode structure on disk structure, mass profiles, and thickness, and mode pattern speeds and growth rates. We show that, if the disk at some radii has mass of >~10% the central point mass, the modes are linearly unstable and are self-generating. They arise as 'fast modes' with pattern speed of order the local angular velocity at these radii. The characteristic global normal modes have pattern speeds comparable to the linear growth rate, of order (G*M_0*R_0^{-3})^{1/2}, where M_0 is the central mass and R_{0} is the radius where the enclosed disk mass ~M_{0}. They propagate inwards by exciting eccentricities towards smaller and smaller radii, until at small radii these are 'slow modes. ' With moderate amplitude, the global normal modes can lead to shocks and significant gas inflows at near-Eddington rates at all radii inside several ~R_0.
Effects of Prolonged Nicotinic Ligand Exposure on Function of Heterologously Expressed, Human (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 2- and (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 4-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Effects of prolonged nicotinic ligand exposure on the function of human (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 2- and (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 4-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes were studied using receptors heterologously expressed in SH-EP1 human epithelial cells. Magnitudes of acute, nAChR-mediated, specific 86 Rb (cid:1) efflux responses to 1 mM carbamylcholine were reduced after pretreatment with specific nAChR ligands in effects that depended on pretreatment drug dose, duration of drug pretreatment, and duration of drug-free recovery. Fifty percent inhibition of (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 2-nAChR function following 5 min of recovery occurred after 1 min of pretreatment with 1 mM nicotine but also after 1-h pretreatment at 10 nM nicotine. Seventy-five percent loss in function per- sisted 1 h after drug removal following 15 min or more of exposure to 1 mM nicotine. However, functional recovery was nearly complete afte r 1 h indrug-free medium following 1 min to 24 h pretreatment with 0.1 to 1 (cid:3) M nicotine, i.e., in the range of smoker plasma nicotine levels. (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 4-nAChR was similarly sensitive to persistent inactivation by prolonged nicotine expo- sure. Carbamylcholine exhibited slightly lower persistent inactivation potency than nicotine at both (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 2- and (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 4-nAChR. The nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine, exhibited persistent inactivation potency and efficacy similar to nicotine at (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 2-nAChR but had a reduced effect on (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 4-nAChR. These studies illustrate persistent inactivation of human (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 2- or (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 4-nAChR induced by prolonged exposure to nicotine and show that other ligands induce nAChR persistent inactivation in a subtype-specific manner.
MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF PER CAPITA GROWTH RATE OF INDIA- FDI, INBOUND TOURISM AND MANUFACTURING SECTOR

Economic growth is very crucial for developing economies due to their challenges in the process of development. Many less developed economies face this adversity while focusing on the strategies to promote economic growth. In this respect, the current study explores few probable factors which lead to explain the economic scenario in India. The study analyses influence of foreign exchange earnings from inbound tourism (EAR), foreign direct investment (FDI) and manufacturing sector value added output (MANU) on per capita economic growth (PCG) for a period of 1996-2018. Among all the variables taken for the study, findings of the study reveals value added output from the manufacturing sector to be a most influential factor to promote per capital economic growth. Surprisingly, the analysis explores FDI to be significantly negative impact oriented towards encouraging economic growth.
Differential effects of estrogen receptor beta isoforms on glioblastoma progression

The estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) functions as a tumor suppressor in glioblastoma cells (GBM). However, the in vivo significance of endogenous ERβ and the roles of its isoforms in GBM are incompletely understood. Using ERβ isoform-specific PCR screening, we found that GBM cells predominantly express ERβ1 and ERβ5, along with low levels of ERβ2 and ERβ4. We observed greater ERβ5 expression in higher grades of glioma than in lower grades. In CRISPR-based ERβ knockout (KO) cells and ERβ KO cells uniquely expressing ERβ1, ERβ1 significantly reduced proliferation. Compared to parental GBM cells, ERβ KO cells exhibited high migratory and invasive potentials, and re-expression of ERβ1 resulted in the reduction of this phenotype. Interestingly, ERβ5 expression increased foci formation and anchorage-independent growth of NIH3T3 cells and increased motile structure formation, including filopodia and ruffles in GBM cells. Only ERβ1-expressing tumors resulted in longer mouse survival. RNA-Seq analysis revealed unique pathways modulated by ERβ1 and ERβ5. Compared to ERβ KO cells, ERβ1 cells exhibited lower activation of mTOR signaling molecules, including p-mTOR, p-S6K, and p-S6; and ERβ5-expressing cells had enhanced mTOR downstream signaling. Unique proteins including several that function as regulators of mTOR, immunomodulatory, and apoptosis pathways bound to ERβ1 and ERβ5 isoforms. Our work confirms the tumor suppressive potential of ERβ1 and reveals the acquired oncogenic ability of ERβ5 in GBM cells. ERβ isoform status and their unique interactions with oncogenic pathways may have important implications in GBM progression. Significance: Findings suggest only ERβ isoform 1 has tumor suppressor function in GBM and ERβ isoform switching In this study, we examined the role of ERβ isoforms in GBM progression using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out (KO) in GBM cells. Further, we profiled and tested the role of ERβ isoforms in GBM. Our results demonstrate that ERβ5 is highly expressed in GBM. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrate that, ERβ5 unlike ERβ1 acquires oncogenic properties in GBM cells. Using ERβKO and knock-in models of ERβ1, we provide genetic evidence for the tumor suppressive role of ERβ1 in GBM. Mechanistic studies revealed that ERβ1 and ERβ5 differentially regulate the NF-κB, mTOR, and STAT-3 pathways. Our studies also discovered that ERβ5 lacks tumor suppressive functions and acquire oncogenic properties via its interaction with several oncogenes. Using orthotopic models of GBM, we provide evidence that shows ERβ1 increases mice survival.
Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employees’ Innovativeness and Job Satisfaction in Pakistani Private Sector

According to leadership literature, current transformational leadership styles are associated with job satisfaction to varying degrees. According to several studies, transformational leadership leads to higher levels of job satisfaction. Given the current state of the Pakistani business market, the study's overarching goal was to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership styles and employees' levels of innovativeness and job satisfaction in the Pakistani private sector. To achieve the study's objectives, a quantitative study was conducted. Questionnaires were distributed to employees in Pakistan's private sector from a predetermined target population. The data collected was analysed using statistical software. According to the study's findings, there are statistically significant relationships between overall transactional leadership, employee innovativeness, and job satisfaction, as well as overall transformational leadership and job satisfaction. This study is one of the few that focuses on the private sector to help improve understanding of how to manage and retain employees in the private sector. These findings are also useful for the Asia-Pacific private sector in maintaining the work-life balance of affective commitments, which leads to positive in-role performance. Keywords: Leadership, Leadership styles, Job satisfaction, employees, Private sector
Divergent Effects of the Purinoceptor Antagonists Suramin and Pyridoxal-5 (cid:1) -phosphate-6-(2 (cid:1) -naphthylazo-6 -nitro-4 ,8 (cid:1) -disulfonate) (PPNDS) on (cid:1) -Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors

Suramin is a large naphthyl-polysulfonate compound that inhibits an array of receptors and enzymes, and it has also been reported to block currents mediated by glutamate receptors. This study shows that suramin and several structurally related compounds [8,8 (cid:1) -[carbonylbis(imino-3,1-phenylenecarbonylamino)]bis-(1,3,5-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid), 6Na (NF023), 8,8 (cid:1) -(carbonyl-bis(imino-4,1-phenylenecarbonylimino-4,1-phenylenecarbony-limino))bis-1,3,5-naphthalenetrisulfonicacid,Na(NF279),and4,4 (cid:1) ,4 (cid:2) ,4 (cid:3) -[carbonyl-bis[imino-5,1,3-benzenetriyl-bis-(carbony-limino)]]tetrakis-benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid, 8Na (NF449)] reduce binding of [ 3 H] (cid:1) -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and [ 3 H]fluorowillardiine to rat brain membranes and homomeric GluR1–4 receptors, with IC 50 values in the were in all cases statistically preferred over single-exponential fits ( p (cid:9) 0.05; extra-sum-of-squares F-tests by Prism). Rate constants (in min (cid:6) 1 ) were simultaneous application, 6.7 (85%) and 0.18 (15%); and PPNDS preincubation, 1.5 (34%) and 0.07 (66%). Association in controls was too fast to be accurately determined ( (cid:10) 15 min (cid:6) 1 for the dominant component). Similar results were obtained in six other experiments with both rat brain and GluR2o receptors. D, dissociation at 25°C from brain membranes pre-equilibrated for 90 min with 50 nM [ 3 H]FW, either without or with 100 (cid:2) M PPNDS (representative experiment). Dissociation was initiated by adding 2 (cid:2) l of 50 mM glutamate (2 mM final). Data were normalized to the respective binding at t (cid:8) 0. Two-exponential fits were again statistically preferred over one-site fits, which may be in part a result of the presence of high- and low-affinity binding sites in brain membranes. Rate constants were (in min (cid:6) 1 ): control 10 (66%) and 0.35 (34%), with PPNDS 0.5 (32%) and 0.04 (68%). Similar results were obtained in four other experiments with rat brain and GluR2o receptors.
Probing the Frontiers of QCD

With the energy scales opened up by RHIC and LHC the age of high-pT physics is upon us. This has created new opportunities and novel mysteries, both of which will be explored in this thesis. The possibility now exists experimentally to exploit these high momentum particles to uniquely probe the unprecedented state of matter produced in heavy ion collisions. At the same time naive theoretical expectations have been dashed by data. The first puzzle we confront is that of the enormous intermediate-pT azimuthal anisotropy, or v2, of jets observed at RHIC. The second puzzle is the surprisingly similar suppression of light mesons and nonphotonic electrons, which precludes perturbative predictions predicated on gluon bremsstrahlung radiation as the dominant energy loss channel. Near qualitative agreement results from including collisional energy loss and integrating over the fluctuating jet pathlengths. Another conjecture for heavy quark energy loss comes via explicit construction using the AdS/CFT correspondence; the momentum loss of a hanging dragging string moving through the deconfined plasma leads to qualitative agreement with heavy quark decay data. We propose a robust test to experimentally differentiate these two competing ideas: the ratio of charm to bottom suppression rapidly approaches 1 for pQCD but is independent of momentum and well below 1 for AdS/CFT. Finally as a warmup problem to calculating the photon bremsstrahlung associated with jet energy loss we quantify improvements to the perturbative estimates of the Ter-Mikayelian effect.