Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth, nodulation and yield response of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to plant population and blended NPS fertilizer rates at Alage, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Recently Green bean production and demand is increasing in Ethiopia due to its fast maturity and nutritional value. However, various constraints are reported for its low productivity, including inappropriate uses of plant population and fertilizer rates. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum plant population and NPS rate for quality and economically feasible yield of Green bean. The experiment was conducted in field conditions at Alage, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, under supplemental irrigation in 2019. A factorial combinations of three plant populations (222222, 250000 and 333333 plants ha-1) and five levels of blended NPS (0, 132, 142, 152 and 162 kg NPS ha-1) were used in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Number of nodules per plant, number of effective nodule per plant, number of leaf per plant, plant height, and number of branches per plant, number of pod per plant, total above ground fresh biomass, pod diameter, pod length, harvest index and yield per plant and per hectare were recorded. All parameters were subjected to analysis of variance. The least significant differences (LSD) at the level of 5% significance were used to compare the treatments mean. The results showed that plant population and NPS rates had significant effects on number of nodules, number of leaf, number of branch, plant height, number of pod, pod length, harvest index, yield per plant and per hectare. The highest Green bean yield of 13.75 tons ha-1 and 16.06 tons ha-1 was obtained at the highest plant population (333333 plants ha-1) and the highest NPS rate (162 kg NPS ha-1), respectively. The highest acceptable marginal rates of return (57349%) and (6997.2%) were obtained from 333333 plants ha-1 and 162kg NPS ha-1, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that 333333 plants ha-1 and application of 162kg NPS ha-1 were gained the superiority for both agronomic and economic growth and productivity for plati variety of Green bean under supplementary irrigation at Alage area. Key words: Green bean, plant population, NPS fertilizer rate, growth, yield.
DITHIOPHOSPHONATES AND RELATED P/S-TYPE LIGANDS OF GROUP 11 METALS

Within the phosphor-1,1,-dithiolate class of compounds, the dithiophosphonato ligand [S2PAr(OR′)]− (typically Ar = aryl or ferrocenyl; R′ = alkyl) has emerged as an interesting choice for the preparation of a variety of new metal complexes. This review focuses on the dithiophosphonates and certain related thio species of the group 11 coinage metals, copper, silver and gold, with particular emphasis on structure and coordination modes. Amongst these three metals a rich coordination and structural chemistry had been developed and reported. For copper, a number of new complexes ranging from a single metal center, to di-, tetra-, and Cu14 clusters had been prepared. For silver, the number of reported complexes is not yet abundant but range in nuclearity from Ag2 to Ag28, which gives an indication of the potential scope. For gold, the majority of complexes are dinuclear gold(I) of the type [AuS2PR(OR′)]2 where the variety of R′ can be enormous. A few silver and gold complexes with the title ligand had also bee.
Cauchy problem with $\psi $--Caputo fractional derivative in Banach spaces

This paper is devoted to the existence of solutions for certain classes of nonlinear differential equations involving the ψ–Caputo fractional derivative in Banach spaces. Our approach is based on a new fixed point theorem with respect to convex-power condensing operator combined with the technique of measures of noncompactness. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.
Photographs Beyond Concepts: Access to Actions and Sensations

One of the most important things people see is what other people do. In photographs of actions, people see what other people have done. This analysis focuses on photographs of motor actions or interactions taken in naturally occurring situations. I suggest that such photographs represent special meanings, which I call action-related meanings. I examined the hypothesis that viewers understand these meanings by establishing motor and somatosensory neural representations of pictured actions, which would also be activated if viewers would actually perform these actions. This correspondence provides a special access to bodily meanings of pictured actions. Based on findings on vision and reactions to photographs from multiple research areas, I developed a novel framework that describes the neural basis of understanding action-related meanings of photographs; how these meanings differ from conceptual meanings; the characteristics of pictured actions, which influence the strength of motor and somatosensory responses; the processes making these responses accessible to conscious experiencing; and the potential emotional, social, and cultural value of photographs picturing actions. The proposed framework contains a number of predictions, which can be tested by future empirical investigations. The analysis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the meanings represented by photographs of actions.
Spatial scaling properties of coral reef benthic communities

, Abstract: 17 The spatial structure of ecological communities on tropical coral reefs across 18 seascapes and geographies have historically been poorly understood. Here we addressed this 19 for the first time using spatially expansive and thematically resolved benthic community data 20 collected around five uninhabited central Pacific oceanic islands, spanning 6° latitude and 17° 21 longitude. Using towed-diver digital image surveys over ~140 linear km of shallow (8 – 20 m 22 depth) tropical reef, we highlight the autocorrelated nature of coral reef seascapes. Benthic 23 functional groups and hard coral morphologies displayed significant spatial clustering 24 (positive autocorrelation) up to kilometre-scales around all islands, in some instances 25 dominating entire sections of coastline. The scale and strength of these autocorrelation 26 patterns showed nuances across geographies, but patterns were more similar between islands in closer proximity and of a similar size. For example, crustose coralline algae (CCA) were 28 clustered up to scales of 0.3 km at neighbouring Howland and Baker Islands and macroalgae 29 were spatially clustered at scales up to ~3 km at both neighbouring Kingman Reef and 30 Palmyra Atoll. Of all the functional groups, macroalgae had the highest levels of spatial 31 clustering across geographies at the finest resolution of our data (100 m). There were several 32 cases where the upper scale at which benthic community members showed evidence of 33 spatial clustering correlated highly with the upper scales at which concurrent gradients in 34 physical environmental drivers were spatially clustered. These correlations were stronger for 35 surface wave energy than subsurface temperature (regardless of benthic group) and turf algae 36 and CCA had the closest alignments in scale with wave energy across functional groups and 37 geographies. Our findings suggest such physical drivers not only limit or promote the 38 abundance of various benthic competitors on coral reefs, but also play a key role in governing 39 their spatial scaling properties across the seascape.
In Search for Design Elements: A New Perspective for Employing Ethnography in Human-Computer Interaction Design Research

ABSTRACT Design ethnography has been widely used in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) to understand people’s everyday behaviors, in order to build technologies capable of meeting users’ needs. Building on top of the recent debate on ethnography within HCI, this article proposes to employ reflexivity and theoretical pluralism to ground a new way of using design ethnography in HCI, directly envisioning novel designs during the fieldwork. Inspired by design practices like biomimicry, I describe the figure of the ethno-designer, a digital design ethnographer who dives into ‘successful’ virtual environments in search for insightful design patterns, with the purpose of creating new designs in other, even distant, contexts. In this perspective, the fieldwork becomes an incessant source of inspiration for identifying effective ‘design elements’, understanding how they work and their ‘experiential effects’, and producing design implications to create novel technologies across multiple application domains.
A risk component-based model to determine pipes renewal strategies in water distribution networks

Abstract Among the main concerns of water companies are to maintain the optimal performance of pipes in water distribution networks (WDNs); this is achieved by activities, such as renewal works, maintenance actions, pressure management and other improvement operations. Accordingly, determining the risk associated with pipes is useful when planning such renewal works. In this study, a model is developed to determine a pipe renewal strategy (PRS) based on the risk components (RCs) of each pipe. Hence, comprehensive criteria relating to pipe characteristics are assessed to determine the RCs. The developed model is based on a fuzzy-based, multi-criteria decision-making method, known as risk component-based water distribution system renewal (RC-WDSR). This is an improved version of the WDSR model, which was presented in 2018 by the authors of this study. To investigate the accuracy of the analysis of this model, two known WDNs – Anytown and Two-loop – were examined. The results indicate that the PRSs determined for the Anytown network reflects the pipe renewal priorities obtained from the WDSR model. Furthermore, in the Two-loop network, the PRSs obtained corresponded with the technical conditions of the pipes. Hence, it reveals that the results of the RC-WDSR are reliable when determining PRSs in WDNs.
Separate and independent reductions in direct tunneling in oxide/nitride stacks with monolayer interface nitridation associated with the (i) interface nitridation and (ii) increased physical thickness

Direct tunneling limits aggressive scaling of thermally grown oxides to about 1.6 nm, a thickness at which the tunneling current density Jg at 1 V is ∼1 A/cm2. This article demonstrates that stacked gate dielectrics prepared by remote plasma processing and including (i) ultrathin nitrided SiO2 interfacial layers and (ii) either silicon nitride or oxynitride bulk dielectrics can extend the equivalent oxide thickness to 1.1–1.0 nm before Jg exceeds 1 A/cm2. Significant reductions in direct tunneling are derived from (i) interface nitridation at the monolayer level and (ii) the increased physical thickness of the nitride or oxynitride alloy layers. The “portability” of the interface contribution is demonstrated by combining the nitrided SiO2 interface layers with transition-metal oxides, e.g., Ta2O5, in stacked gate dielectric structures and obtaining essentially the same reductions in tunneling current on n- and p-type substrates with respect to non-nitrided plasma-grown interface layers.
Genomic Mechanisms Governing Mineral Homeostasis and the Regulation and Maintenance of Vitamin D Metabolism

Our recent genomic studies identified a complex kidney‐specific enhancer module located within the introns of adjacent Mettl1 (M1) and Mettl21b (M21) genes that mediate basal and PTH induction of Cyp27b1, as well as suppression by FGF23 and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. The tissue specificity for this regulatory module appears to be localized exclusively to renal proximal tubules. Gross deletion of these segments in mice has severe consequences on skeletal health, and directly affects Cyp27b1 expression in the kidney. Deletion of both the M1 and M21 submodules together almost completely eliminates basal Cyp27b1 expression in the kidney, creating a renal specific pseudo‐null mouse, resulting in a systemic and skeletal phenotype similar to that of the Cyp27b1‐KO mouse caused by high levels of both 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and PTH and depletion of 1,25(OH)2D3. Cyp24a1 levels in the double KO mouse also decrease because of compensatory downregulation of the gene by elevated PTH and reduced FGF23 that is mediated by an intergenic module located downstream of the Cyp24a1 gene. Outside of the kidney in nonrenal target cells (NRTCs), expression of Cyp27b1 in these mutant mice was unaffected. Dietary normalization of calcium, phosphate, PTH, and FGF23 rescues the aberrant phenotype of this mouse and normalizes the skeleton. In addition, both the high levels of 25(OH)D3 were reduced and the low levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 were fully eliminated in these mutant mice as a result of the rescue‐induced normalization of renal Cyp24a1. Thus, these hormone‐regulated enhancers for both Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1 in the kidney are responsible for the circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the blood. The retention of Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1 expression in NRTCs of these endocrine 1,25(OH)2D3‐deficient mice suggests that this Cyp27b1 pseudo‐null mouse will provide a model for the future exploration of the role of NRTC‐produced 1,25(OH)2D3 in the hormone's diverse noncalcemic actions in both health and disease. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Assessing cost-effectiveness with equity of a programme targeting marginalised girls in secondary schools in Tanzania

ABSTRACT Cost-effectiveness studies rarely pay explicit attention to whether resources are used effectively to benefit the most marginalised. By linking a quasi-experimental design with detailed financial information, we analyse the cost-effectiveness of the Campaign for Female Education (CAMFED)’s programme in Tanzania. The programme provides targeted, multi-dimensional support to marginalised girls in government secondary schools in deprived rural areas. We find the cost-effectiveness of CAMFED’s programme to be similar to interventions designed for more advantaged populations who are easier (and less costly) to reach. There is further evidence of positive spill-over effects to boys in the schools supported by CAMFED.
Performance evaluation of a fin-and-tube evaporator with R407C/R290/R600a refrigerant mixture

SYNOPSIS This paper analyses theoretically the heat transfer characteristics of fin-and-tube evaporators with R22 and R407C/R290/R600a (M20) refrigerant mixture. The heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop of refrigerant for two-phase flow are calculated using existing correlations from published literature. The simulation algorithm is based on the ϵ-NTU section-by-section method. The tube is divided into an equal number of finite segments and the analysis is performed sequentially along the direction of the refrigerant flow. For each segment the temperature difference between refrigerant and air, outlet temperature of refrigerant and air and heat transfer rate in the flow direction are calculated using a discrete pattern to simulate the continuous variation found in actual fin-and-tube evaporators. The model results are compared with the experimental results of R22 and M20 refrigerant mixture reported in previous studies. The simulated temperature differences of the M20 refrigerant mixture are higher, in the range 12.1% to 34.41%, than for R22 resulting in lower air outlet temperatures. The heat transfer rate of the M20 refrigerant mixture is higher, in the range 13.75% to 16.53%, than for R22.
A constructivist approach to promoting spiritual competence in counselor trainees: a pilot study

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a two-and-half hour constructivist-oriented training session upon the spirituality and religious competency of 15 master’s level counseling students. The results revealed that the master’s-lever counselors in training demonstrated a significant overall increase in spiritual and religious competency. Although the intervention resulted in a significant increase in the spiritual and religious competency scores, the participants’ scores at posttest remained below the minimum cutoff score, echoing a consistent finding in the literature that counselor preparation programs are not adequately training students to incorporate spirituality and religion in their work. Students who scored higher on a Personal Spiritual and Religious Practices scale demonstrated greater increases in their spiritual competency.
Measurement of Service Quality in Trade Fair Organization

The success of a trade fair depends on the close collaboration between organizers and exhibitors with potential visitors. While the literature has invested a great deal of interest in the role of the exhibitor and, to a lesser extent, to the visitor, scarce attention has been paid to the vital role played by the fair organizer. The present work analyzes the latter and their importance to the success of a trade fair, which is measured by the quality of the services offered to exhibitors. Using a sample of exhibitors at an International Spanish trade fair, regression analysis is used to examine, at the exploratory level, some quality aspects linked to organizers that can affect the fulfillment of objectives established by exhibitors prior to attending a fair. The results obtained reveal that two dimensions of quality linked to the organizer (event design and quality of results) highly correlate with the final perceptions of exhibitors, and that their deficient quality level prevents the exhibitors from reaching their fair goals.
Disentangling the complexity of family policies: SPIN data with an application to Lithuania and Sweden, 1995–2015

Background: Family policies influence how men and women structure their time in the labour market and in the home. Analyses based on expenditure data, regime types, and single policies, however, cannot represent how policies support individuals’ labour market attachment and care for children. Data from the Social Policy Indicator (SPIN) database offer a tool for measuring the extent to which the family policies of a country support both the earner-carer and the traditional-family models. This large-scale database offers harmonized data on social policies over time for a wide range of countries. It allows scholars to empirically push the frontiers of research on the intersection of gender equality, family and employment dynamics, and social policy. Methods: We describe how measures of earner-carer and traditional-family support were constructed using data from the SPIN database. We use the cases of Lithuania and Sweden to compare the policy developments over time and demonstrate how these developments are represented by SPIN data. Contribution: We present data from the SPIN database, which provides a useful tool for demographers and social scientists interested in the link between family policies and fertility. We describe the range of applications in demographic research so far as well as the advantages and limitations of the database. Using Lithuania and Sweden as an example, we also highlight how the data mirror convergence and divergence in family policy in comparative perspective.
Thermodynamic Diffusion Coefficients

A new form of diffusion coefficient termed as thermodynamic diffusion coefficient is introduced in this paper. Conventionally, diffusion coefficients are evaluated using concentration gradient as driving force. But truly, chemical potential gradient is the actual driving force that determines the material flow in any part of the system. Thermodynamic diffusion coefficients are based on chemical potential gradient as driving force. The relation between thermodynamic diffusion coefficients and phenomenological coefficients has been established. The advantages of thermodynamic diffusion coefficients have been underlined, especially, in the cases of line compounds where concentration difference across the phase is zero or in case of intermetallic compounds with narrow homogeneity range. The intrinsic thermodynamic diffusion coefficients are equal to tracer diffusion coefficients. This helps in estimating tracer diffusivities in cases where tracers are not easily available. The advantages of thermodynamic diffusion coefficients are shown in binary and ternary systems by illustrating them in Ni-Al and Fe-Ni-Cr systems.
Topological and Thermal Properties of Surfactant-Modified Clinoptilolite Studied by Tapping-Mode® Atomic Force Microscopy and High-Resolution Thermogravimetric Analysis

Unmodified and surfactant-modified clinoptilolite-rich tuff (referred to here as “clinoptilolite”) and muscovite mica were examined with tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM) and high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis (HR-TGA) in order to elucidate patterns of hexadecyltrimethylam-monium bromide (HDTMA) sorption on the treated surface and to understand the mechanisms of this sorption. TMAFM images were obtained to a scale of 50 nm by 50 nm. The images of unmodified clinoptilolite showed a framework pattern on the ac plane, comparable to previously reported images. Images of modified clinoptilolite at 12.5% and 25% of external cation exchange capacity (ECEC) coverage by HDTMA showed evidence of the HDTMA molecules arranged as elongated, topographically raised features on the ac plane. At 50% HDTMA coverage, the images contained what appeared to be agglomerations of surfactant tail groups. The z-directionthickness of the raised features on the 12.5% coverage sample corresponded to the thickness of the carbon chain of the surfactant tail-group (0.4 nm), whereas the z-thicknesson the 25% coverage sample was between 0.4 and 0.8 nm, indicating crossing or doubling of tail groups. Repulsive forces between the modified clinoptilolite and the silicon TMAFM probe increased with increasing HDTMA coverage. HR-TGA showed a 100 °C increase in HDTMA pyrolysis temperatures at coverages of less than 50%, probably due to an increased stabilization of the HDTMA due to direct tail interactions with the clinoptilolite surface at lower coverages versus smaller stabilization due to surfactant tail-tail interactions at higher coverages. Our results indicate that buildup of HDTMA admicelles or some form of a bilayer begins before full monolayer coverage is complete.
Meteorological OSSEs for New Zenith Total Delay Observations: Impact Assessment for the Hydroterra Geosynchronous Satellite on the October 2019 Genoa Event

Along the Mediterranean coastlines, intense and localized rainfall events are responsible for numerous casualties and several million euros of damage every year. Numerical forecasts of such events are rarely skillful, because they lack information in their initial and boundary conditions at the relevant spatio-temporal scales, namely O(km) and O(h). In this context, the tropospheric delay observations (strongly related to the vertically integrated water vapor content) of the future geosynchronous Hydroterra satellite could provide valuable information at a high spatio-temporal resolution. In this work, Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are performed to assess the impact of assimilating this new observation in a cloud-resolving meteorological model, at different grid spacing and temporal frequencies, and with respect to other existent observations. It is found that assimilating the Hydroterra observations at 2.5 km spacing every 3 or 6 h has the largest positive impact on the forecast of the event under study. In particular, a better spatial localization and extent of the heavy rainfall area is achieved and a realistic surface wind structure, which is a crucial element in the forecast of such heavy rainfall events, is modeled.