Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE SLOPE DEVELOPMENT CAUSED BY THE SURFACE LANDSLIDES

In order to examine the relationship between the landslides and the subsurface structure of the slope, the cone penetration test were carried out on the weathered granite hillslope in Aichi Prefecture, where a heavy rainfall caused many landslides in 1972. The results are shown in Fig. 2, where N10 represents the number of the impacts necessary to drive a cone resister at each incremental depth of 10cm. Broken lines and chained lines in Fig. 2 show the depths where N10 exceeds 10 and 50, respectively. At the middle and the lower segments of the slopes, where landslides frequently occur, the soft layer (N10<10) is much thicker and the transient zone (10_? _N10<50) is extremely thin. So the subsurface structure can be regarded as the two-layered, which means that the bedrock underlies the soft layer without the transient zone. when the landslide occurs, the soft layer slides down, and the bedrock is exposed. The net rate of wasting _? _ is represented by _? _ ' where _? _l is the average wasting rate by landslides, and the wasting rate by slow and steady process of erosion (soil creep, rain wash, etc.). Each of the wasting rates is defined in the normal direction of the slope. It seems that the landslide can not occur until the thickness L of the soft layer reaches the critical thickness Lcr. In the case of the straight slope with slope angle θ, Lcr is approximated by _? _ (2)' where C is the cohesion, φ the angle of internal friction, γs the saturated unit weight, and γb the submerged unit weight of the soil. Because the heavy rainfall which can induce the landslides is frequent in Japan, it can be said that the landslide will occur immediately after L becomes equal to Lcr. Therefore, the return period T of the landslides nearly equals to the time for the soil thickness to grow up from zero to Lcr. Thus, Eq. (1)' becomes _? _ (3) The time change in the thickness L of the soft layer is given by _? _ (4) where υw is the descending velocity of the weathering front. Rearranging Eq. (4) and integrating it with the conditions L=0 at t=0 and L=Lcr at t=T, we obtain _? _ (5) Under the assumptions that υw is expressed by _? _ with A and L1 being constants and that _? _ is constant, we can calculate _? _ from Eq. (5). Therefore, Eq. (1)' becomes _? _ (8) Denoting Lcr/Li as a and _? _/A as β, Eq. (8) is rewritten as _? _ (8)' The relationship between β and V/A is shown in Fig. 7. The line R-S in this figure represents the condition that the landslide can not occur, for L is always less than Lcr. The interval P-R represents the condition that the landslides take place on the slope. It is notable at this range that the increase in β brings about less preferable conditions for the occurrence of the landslide and leads to smaller value of V/A. The decrease of _? _/A is remarkable near the point R. When _? _ is equal to zero, we can obtain the relative rate of slope retreat _? _ as a function of slope angle from Eqs. (2)' and (8). The relationship between θ and Vr/A is shown in Fig. 8. If L1 is large enough, Vr/A decreases with an increase of θ after it reaches a maximum at a certain slope angle.
New approach to timelike Bertrand curves in 3-dimensional Minkowski space

In the theory of curves in Euclidean $3$-space, it is well known that a curve $\beta $ is said to be a Bertrand curve if for another curve $\beta^{\star}$ there exists a one-to-one correspondence between $\beta $ and $\beta^{\star}$ such that both curves have common principal normal line. These curves have been studied in different spaces over a long period of time and found wide application in different areas. In this article, the conditions for a timelike curve to be Bertrand curve are obtained by using a new approach in contrast to the well-known classical approach for Bertrand curves in Minkowski $3$-space. Related examples that meet these conditions are given. Moreover, thanks to this new approach, timelike, spacelike and Cartan null Bertrand mates of a timelike general helix have been obtained.
Probabilistic assessment of the rainwater harvesting potential of schools in South Africa

Abstract. In comparison to other sources of water supply, rainwater harvesting (RWH) has the typical advantages of being cheaper and easier to operate and maintain. This study aimed at assessing the hydrologic rainwater harvesting potential of rural schools in South Africa by obtaining RWH storage capacity (level of supply) reliability relationships of representative schools. Thirty-two schools located in three rural areas that have varied rainfall characteristics were selected for the analysis. For each school, a daily time-step behaviour analysis of the rainwater harvesting system with a specified storage was carried out for a period of 101 years (over which rainfall data was available) and the number of days that the school’s daily water demand was met in each year obtained. Using the Weibull plotting position formula, the expected number of days that the demand can be met per year was then obtained for 85, 90 and 95 % reliability. For the two summer rainfall regions where a large proportion of rain falls during school holidays, the expected number of days of supply per year improved up to a storage capacity of 25 m3. For the winter rainfall region where the rainfall periods and school learning times have more co-incidence, a tank volume of 5 m3 obtained similar supply levels as larger capacities. At 90 % reliability, the supply levels for different schools in the summer rainfall area with a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 800–1000 mm/year ranged from 60 to 120 days per year, while the summer rainfall region with a lower MAP (500–600 mm) gave supply levels ranging from 40 to 70 days per year. The winter rainfall area had a MAP of 500–600 mm and obtained supply levels ranging from 60 to 80 days at 90 % reliability.
From Epidemiology of Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections to the Development of Empirical Antimicrobial Treatment-Decision Algorithm in a Region with High Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections have increased in community settings. Our objectives were to study the epidemiology of community-onset bloodstream infections (BSIs), identify risk factors for AMR-BSI and mortality-related factors, and develop the empirical antimicrobial treatment-decision algorithm. All adult, positive blood cultures at the emergency room and outpatient clinics were evaluated from 08/2021 to 04/2022. AMR was defined as the resistance of organisms to an antimicrobial to which they were previously sensitive. A total of 1151 positive blood cultures were identified. There were 450 initial episodes of bacterial BSI, and 114 BSIs (25%) were AMR-BSI. Non-susceptibility to ceftriaxone was detected in 40.9% of 195 E. coli isolates and 16.4% among 67 K. pneumoniae isolates. A treatment-decision algorithm was developed using the independent risk factors for AMR-BSI: presence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) within 90 days (aOR 3.63), prior antimicrobial exposure within 90 days (aOR 1.94), and urinary source (aOR 1.79). The positive and negative predictive values were 53.3% and 83.2%, respectively. The C-statistic was 0.73. Factors significantly associated with 30-day all-cause mortality were Pitt bacteremia score (aHR 1.39), solid malignancy (aHR 2.61), and urinary source (aHR 0.30). In conclusion, one-fourth of community-onset BSI were antimicrobial-resistant, and one-third of Enterobacteriaceae were non-susceptible to ceftriaxone. Treatment-decision algorithms may reduce overly broad antimicrobial treatment.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Antimicrobial usage in chicken production in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
SURVIVAL RATE ESTIMATES OF FLORIDA MANATEES (Trichechus manatus latirostris) USING CARCASS RECOVERY DATA

The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) is classified as an endangered species and is also protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. The manatees’ coastal distribution coincides with areas of high human density, making manatees particularly vulnerable to human impacts. Important management decisions on both the state and federal level rely heavily on extinction models that require estimates of survival and reproductive rates. Current mark-recapture methods are unable to estimate survival rates for younger age classes because many young manatees lack the unique scarring used to identify individuals. Using an age-ratio technique, this research utilizes carcass recovery data to provide estimates of survival rates of Florida manatees < 4.5 years old while quantifying and incorporating all sources of uncertainty. The age-ratio technique requires counts of carcasses in each age class, carcass detection probabilities, and the proportion of animals alive in each age class. In order to determine the count of carcasses in each age class, several models were designed to estimate carcass age at death. First, using physiological criteria, models were developed to determine the probability a carcass died within two weeks of birth (perinatal) based on carcass length and month of carcass recovery. Next, mathematical models were created to estimate the error in ear-bone aging techniques. Lastly, models were developed to estimate age from length for carcasses dying at ages older than two weeks old. With these models, age at death could be estimated for 98% of all collected carcasses. Using data from a region where all survival and reproductive rates are known (Upper St. Johns), carcass relative detection ratios by age class were calculated. Assuming relative detection ratios are the same for all regions, young survival rate estimates were then calculated for all other regions. Results show uncertainty in young survival rates is higher than what was previously assumed.
Transfusion-Associated Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Adults

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) is a rare but fatal complication of blood transfusion that usually develops two to 30 days following a blood transfusion giving rise to graft versus host disease (GVHD) clinical features that are consisting of fever, skin rash, jaundice, diarrhea, and pancytopenia. The disease is fulminant in most patients with a mortality rate of >90% of cases. The main aim of this review is to enhance awareness among medical practitioners about this fatal disease. Data were extracted manually from the main medical databases (Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar) after the revision of selected articles and assessed for their contribution to the knowledge of TA-GVHD. TA-GVHD occurs when the viable donor T-cells in the blood or blood products attack the recipient's tissues which his/her immune system is incapable to destroy due to several reasons. The recipient's tissues that are usually involved in TA-GVHD include the liver, intestine, skin, lungs, and bone marrow. Any blood component either whole blood, packed red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, or fresh non-frozen plasma that contains viable T lymphocytes can cause TA-GVHD. Host immunodeficiency, transfusion of fresh blood, and partial human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching between the donors and the recipients represent the major risk factors of TA-GVHD. Partial HLA matching includes immunocompetent recipients who receive blood from a first-degree relative also, seen in genetically homogenous populations because of high rates of consanguineous marriage. The diagnosis of TA-GVHD is mainly suspected based on clinical manifestations. However, a histopathological study of either skin or rectal biopsy is diagnostic. The treatment of TA-GVHD is generally not effective, unless the patient received emergency stem cell transplantation, while prevention via irradiation of blood or blood products represents the standard of care for this disease. In conclusion, medical practitioners should have a high index of suspicion for this disease. Moreover, future clinical trials targeting and comparing the outcomes of the different therapeutic options for TA-GVHD are required.
Development and validation of innovative ultrasound flow imaging methods

Ultrasound is widely used for blood flow imaging because of the considerable advantages for the clinician, in terms of performance, costs, portability, and ease of use, and for the patient, in terms of safety and rapid checkup. The undesired limitations of conventional methods (1-D estimations and low frame-rate) are widely overtaken by new vector approaches that offer detailed descriptions of the flow for a more accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular system diseases. This PhD project concerns the development of novel methods for blood flow imaging. After studying the state-of-the-art in the field, a few approaches have been examined in depth up to their experimental validation, both in technical and clinical environments, on a powerful ultrasound research platform (ULA-OP). Real-time novel vector methods implemented on ULA-OP were compared to standard Doppler methods in a clinical study. The results attest the benefits of the vector methods in terms of accuracy and repeatability. Plane-wave transmissions were exploited to improve the transverse oscillation imaging method. Double oscillating fields were produced in large regions and exploited for the vectorial description of blood flow at high frame rates. Blood flow maps were obtained by plane waves coupled to a novel velocity estimation algorithm operating in the frequency domain. The new method was demonstrated capable of high accuracy and reduced computational load by simulations and experiments (also in vivo). The investigation of blood flow inside the common carotid artery has revealed the hemodynamic details with unprecedented quality. A software solution implemented on a graphic processing unit (GPU) board was suggested and tested to reduce the computational time and support the clinical employment of the method
Development of Novel Pyrrole Derivatives and Their Cinnamic Hybrids as Dual COX-2/LOX Inhibitors

Molecular hybridization has emerged as a promising approach in the treatment of diseases exhibiting multifactorial etiology. With regard to this, dual cyclooxygenase-2/lipoxygenase (COX-2/LOX) inhibitors could be considered a safe alternative to traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs) and selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Taking this into account, six novel pyrrole derivatives and pyrrole–cinnamate hybrids were developed as potential COX-2 and soybean LOX (sLOX) inhibitors with antioxidant activity. In silico calculations were performed to predict their ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) properties and drug-likeness, while lipophilicity was experimentally determined as RM values. All synthesized compounds (1–4, 5–8) could be described as drug-like. The results from the docking studies on COX-2 were in accordance with the in vitro studies. According to molecular docking studies on soybean LOX, the compounds displayed allosteric interactions with the enzyme. Pyrrole 2 appeared to be the most potent s-LOX inhibitor (IC50 = 7.5 μM). Hybrids 5 and 6 presented a promising combination of in vitro LOX (IC50 for 5 = 30 μM, IC50 for 6 = 27.5 μM) and COX-2 (IC50 for 5 = 0.55 μM, IC50 for 6 = 7.0 μM) inhibitory activities, and therefore could be used as the lead compounds for the synthesis of more effective multi-target agents.
Could algae be a real source of fuel

The idea to develop biofuels from algae is not a new one, but prior to 21st century algal proponents did not gain enough fame. However, since 2007 there has been a significant increase of interest in algal biofuels and the prospects of their application in the future has been greatly overhyped. This review deals with different kinds of biofuels – biodiesel, bioethanol, hydrocarbons, biogas and whether algae can be applied in their production. Our conclusion is that while there is some advancement in growing algae and processing of biomass, harnessing biofuels from them is still a daunting task and far from the promised green future.
Liquefaction Strength of Sands Containing Fines Compared with Cone Resistance in Triaxial Specimens

Innovative miniature cone penetration tests and subsequent cyclic triaxial tests were carried out on sand specimens containing fines both in the undrained conditions. It has been found that one unique curve relating cone resistance and liquefaction strength can be established, irrespective of relative density and fines content. This indicates that liquefaction strength corresponding to a given cone resistance is constant despite the difference in fines content, which differs from the current liquefaction evaluation practice. In order to examine the effect of sustained consolidation on the relationship between penetration resistance and liquefaction strength, samples were consolidated for variable lengths of time up to a week. The results from the tests on the sustained consolidation specimens plotted a little shifted above the unique curve obtained from thetests on the normal consolidation specimens. This may indicate that, if in situ consolidation effect is considered, liquefaction strength for the same cone resistance tends to increase with increasing fines content.
Serum Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine-Like 1 as a Biochemical Predictor for Prognosticating Clinical Outcomes After Acute Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like 1 (SPARCL1) regulates synaptic stability and is up-regulated during axonal regeneration. Here, serum SPARCL1 was determined for estimating severity and prognosticating early neurological deterioration (END) and functional outcomes of acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods In this prospective observational cohort study of 156 patients with supratentorial ICH, blood samples of 53 were acquired not only at admission but also ad days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10. Another group of 53 healthy controls were recruited. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 3–6 at poststroke six months were regarded as poor prognosis. Results As opposed to controls, serum SPARCL1 levels were markedly elevated during the early ten days after ICH, with the highest levels at days 1 and 3. Admission serum SPARCL1 levels were independently correlated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores and hematoma volume, were significantly increased in the order of six-month mRS scores from 0 to 6 and were independently correlated with six-month mRS scores. Serum SPARCL1 levels were linearly related to risks of poor six-month prognosis and END under restricted cubic spline, had significant efficiency under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and were independently associated with END and poor prognosis. Subgroup analysis confirmed that no interactions existed for associations of serum SPARCL1 levels with other variables, such as age, gender and some specific vascular risk factors. END and poor prognosis prediction models integrating serum SPARCL1 were displayed using the two nomograms. The poor prognosis prediction model, but END prediction model not, performed well under calibration curve, decision curve and ROC curve. Conclusion A substantial elevation of serum SPARCL1 levels during the early period after ICH is independently related to illness severity and poor neurological outcomes, thus signifying that serum SPARCL1 may appear as a prognostic biomarker of ICH.
The Effect of Educational Intervention on Psychiatric Nurses' Self-Awareness and Self-Efficacy

: Self-efficacy could be a key part of a nurse's competency or ability, therefore, a nurse who lacks a precise understanding of these competencies puts self and others in danger and without self-awareness, nurses are unable to display empathy with others. The aim of the study was to promote self-awareness and self-efficacy for psychiatric nurses. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used to conduct the current study (pretest -posttest). The study was completed in Outpatient Clinics and inpatient department Psychiatric Hospital in Mit-Khalaf at Menoufia, Egypt. A non-probability sampling of fifty psychiatric nurses from the previously mentioned setting was recruited. Tools of the study comprise a Nurses Characteristics Data Form, Self-Efficacy Scale and Self-awareness Scale. Results of the study: nurses' self-efficacy was 50.2±4.88 pre-intervention but increased to 68.1±2.78 post-intervention, nurses 'awareness was 62.2±4.71 pre intervention but increased to 69.4±2.01 post intervention . Conclusion: the intervention has a positive effect on self -awareness and self –efficacy among psychiatric nurses. Recommendations: self awareness and self –efficacy education should be applied for psychiatric nurses and nursing students to be able to take care of psychiatric patients.
Depression Moderates the Relationship between Trait Anxiety, Worry and Attentional Control in Melanoma Survivors

Cancer survivors commonly contend with concurrent cognitive difficulties such as problems with attention and concentration, and psychological distress, including anxiety and depression. However, the associations between attentional and emotional difficulties within the specific context of melanoma survivors remain relatively unexplored. Premised on attentional control theory, the current study employed a cross-sectional design to explore the interplay among trait anxiety (dispositional) and situational anxiety (cancer-related worry), depression and attentional control (ability to inhibit distractors and flexibly shift within and between tasks) in a sample of 187 melanoma survivors aged 18 to 58 years (Mage = 36.83 years, SDage = 5.44 years; 93% female). Data were analyzed using a moderated multiple regression, with anxiety, cancer worry and depression as predictors, and attentional control as the criterion variable. After statistically controlling for the variance of chemotherapy, we found that individuals with higher trait anxiety and higher cancer-related worry reported greater attentional control at low levels of depression, yet poorer attentional control at high depression, relative to individuals with low anxiety. Our findings suggest that anxiety and depression are differentially related to attentional control in melanoma survivors. The results provide a marker for clinicians addressing anxiety and depression in this population. Implications for primary healthcare are discussed.
Enhancing Fake News Detection by Multi-Feature Classification

The proliferation of social media platforms has significantly accelerated our access to news, but it has also facilitated the rapid dissemination of fake news. Automatic fake news detection systems can help solve this problem. Although there is much research in this area, getting an accurate detection system is still a challenge. This article proposes a novel model to increase the accuracy of fake news detection. The theory behind the proposed model is to extract and combine global, spatial, and temporal features of text to use in a new fast classifier. The proposed model consists of two phases: first, global features are extracted by TF-IDF, spatial features by a convolutional neural network (CNN), and temporal features by bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) simultaneously. Then a fast learning network (FLN) is used to efficiently classify the features. Extensive experiments were conducted using two publicly available fake news datasets: ISOT and FA-KES. These two have different sizes; therefore, the proposed architecture (CNN+BiLSTM+FLN) can be evaluated much better. Results demonstrate the proposed model’s superiority in comparison with previous works.