Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atomistic scale modelling of phosphate mineral phases for nuclear waste form development

Phosphate minerals such as β-tricalcium phosphate and fluorapatite are abundant, exhibit a large chemical variability and samples of both phases are often used for geochronometry; so their stability over thousands of years is known. This makes them attractive as nuclear waste forms as they are stable over extended periods of time and are able to accommodate a range of waste species. In particular, due to the difficulty of incorporating halides in conventional waste forms (in particular glass), fluorapatites are considered as potential hosts for radioactive waste streams containing both actinides and halides. β-tricalcium phosphate, a strucutre related to fluorapatite, is not only used as a precursor for preparing apatites, but could itself be used as a host for radioactive waste. To better understand the structure and stability of these phases, atomic scale computer simulation has been employed (both dynamic and static), using classical pair potentials . One site in the β-tricalcium phosphate structure has previously been assigned a half occupancy from fitting to Rietveld power diffraction experimental data. The half occupancy gives rise to an ordering effect where the Ca2+ ions are arranged over the half occupied Ca(4) sites, in many different configurations. A comparison of different cell sizes (and increasing configuration number) is given and reported in terms of lattice energy and structural parameters. The largest cell size considered here generates the most stable structures, which have a symmetry group related to the experimentally derived average primitive unit cell. Simulated X-ray diffraction patterns indicate a difference in spectra for these low energy configurations. However, experimental X-ray diffraction patterns fail to differentiate between low energy structures. The results of the experiment and small difference in lattice energy for the most stable structures, indicate i
Study of Temperature-dependent Conduction Mechanisms in Au/0.8nm-GaN/n-GaAs Schottky Diode

Passivation of interface states in the Schottky barrier is an approach to enhance the properties of the Schottky devices. In this work, Au/0.8nm-GaN/n-GaAs Schottky structure is studied electrically in a wide temperature range. With increasing temperature, the reverse current Iinv increases from 1×10-7 A to 1×10-5 A, and the saturation current Is increases from 1×10-32 A to 5×10-7A. The series resistance Rs decreases with increasing temperature from 13.44 Ω to 4.25 Ω. The ideality factor n decreases from 10.64 to 1.15. The barrier height increases abnormally with increasing temperature from 0.54 eV at 80 K to 1.03 eV at 180 K, then decreases to 0.82 eV at 420 K. The abnormal behavior of and the high values of n in low temperature are due to the tunnel mechanisms effects, such as FE and TFE currents. FE mechanism is the dominant process at low temperatures (80-300 K) and TFE mechanism is the dominant one at high temperatures (300-420K). Finally, our structure presents an inhomogeneous barrier height, maybe caused by the thin GaN interface layer.
The creativity of waste management in Payakumbuh City, West Sumatera

Payakumbuh City continues to struggle with its waste management problem despite winning several prestigious Adipura awards. The local government has issued various handling instruments; therefore, it takes practical efforts to deal with it. This study’s objective was to find a solution to the waste problem in Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra. With descriptive methods and qualitative approach, the study found not a few unscrupulous citizens still littering and not complying with the provisions of the disposal time that has been set in Payakumbuh Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2014. Besides including increasing community involvement Payakumbuh City is making several improvements. On the other side, some innovation and creativity were needed to solve the problem. The innovations and creativity were in two aspects: law enforcement and its residents’ involvement, by promoting waste sorting, deployment of biopores, establishing waste banks, plastic waste processing, and composting. The two aspects must be supported by the provision of cross-subsidies for recycled products from the waste banks; facilitation of organic waste management training to the waste bank management community; and the establishment of a regional waste and fertilizer company a synergy between cleanliness, renewable energy, and agriculture.
Studying the Global Spatial Randomness of Impact Craters on Mercury, Venus, and the Moon With Geodesic Neighborhood Relationships

Impact crater records on planetary surfaces are often analyzed for their spatial randomness. Generalized approaches such as the mean second closest neighbor distance (M2CND) and standard deviation of adjacent area (SDAA) are available via a software tool but do not take the influence of the planetary curvature into account in the current implementation. As a result, the measurements are affected by map distortion effects and can lead to wrong interpretations. This is particularly critical for investigations of global data sets as the level of distortion typically increases with increasing distance from the map projection center. Therefore, we present geodesic solutions to the M2CND and SDAA statistics that can be implemented in future software tools. We apply the improved methods to conduct spatial randomness analyses on global crater data sets on Mercury, Venus, and the Moon and compare the results to known crater population variations and surface evolution scenarios. On Mercury, we find that the emplacement of smooth plain deposits strongly contributed to a global clustering of craters and that a random distribution of Mercury's basins is not rejected. On Venus, the randomness analyses show that craters are largely randomly distributed across all sizes but where local nonrandom distributions due to lower crater densities in regions of recent volcanic activity may appear. On the Moon, the global clustering of craters is more pronounced than on Mercury due to mare volcanism and the Orientale impact event. Furthermore, a random distribution of lunar basins is not rejected.
Collision Resilient Insect-Scale Soft-Actuated Aerial Robots With High Agility

Flying insects are remarkably agile and robust. As they fly through cluttered natural environments, they can demonstrate aggressive acrobatic maneuvers such as backflip, rapid escape, and in-flight collision recovery. Current state-of-the-art subgram microaerial-vehicles (MAVs) are predominately powered by rigid actuators such as piezoelectric ceramics, but they have low fracture strength (120 MPa) and failure strain (0.3%). Although these existing systems can achieve a high lift-to-weight ratio, they have not demonstrated insect-like maneuvers such as somersault or rapid collision recovery. In this article, we present a 665 mg aerial robot that is powered by novel dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA). The new DEA achieves high power density (1.2 kW/kg) and relatively high transduction efficiency (37%). We further incorporate this soft actuator into an aerial robot to demonstrate novel flight capabilities. This insect-scale aerial robot has a large lift-to-weight ratio (>2.2:1) and it achieves an ascending speed of 70 cm/s. In addition to demonstrating controlled hovering flight, it can recover from an in-flight collision and perform a somersault within 0.16 s. This work demonstrates that soft aerial robots can achieve insect-like flight capabilities absent in rigid-powered MAVs, thus showing the potential of a new class of hybrid soft-rigid robots.
Tingkat Kegemukan dan Kebugaran Jasmani Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Berbasis Gender

Overweight and obesity are serious problems faced in the world, because it continues to increase in all countries. Riskesdas 2013 data shows that nationally, the problem of obesity in school-age children is quite high, namely adolescents at 10.8%. The main cause of obesity is a lack of physical activity which will have a direct impact on decreasing physical fitness. Physical education and sports in schools also aim to foster and develop children's potential in physical, mental, social, emotional, moral and even cognitive aspects. This study aims to see and analyze the level of obesity and physical fitness in high school students based on gender. The study was conducted in an observational manner with a cross sectional approach. The research location is Madrasah Aliah Negeri Cendikia Jambi. Respondents selected by purposive sampling of 56 respondents by comparing evenly, namely a number of 28:28 respondents based on obesity level and gender distribution. Data collected by filling questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, physical fitness tests. Data analyzed using chi square test with a significance value of p 0.05) in women who means that there is no relationship between obesity and physical fitness. Strong relationships were simultaneously analyzed using binary logistic regression between variables, namely obesity, age, gender and genetic history, and it was found that obesity factors most influenced the dependent variable, namely physical fitness, indicated by the value of Exp. (B) 3, 60 and p value = 0.017.
Predictors of contraceptive method mix in the Cameroon development corporation plantation camps

Introduction low socioeconomic status is a risk factor for maternal death and contraceptive use has been shown to reduce maternal deaths in those poor settings. Despite the tremendous benefits of contraceptives in the regulation of reproductive health indicators, its use in less developed countries continue to remain unacceptably low. The purpose of this study was primarily to assess the contraceptive method mix and then determine the predictors of contraceptive use in the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) plantation camps. Methods mix sampling was used. Firstly, two CDC camp localities (Tiko and Pena Mboko) were purposively selected. Pre-existing clusters within these localities were then randomly selected and then eligible participants within the sampled clusters systematically selected. Using the main street junction as starting point, direction of sample collection was determined by spinning a plastic bottle. From the start of street junction and moving in direction of the bottle pointer, all households left to the principal investigator were visited in search of eligible participants which were sexually active women aged 15-49 years who gave consent/assent. One participant was selected per household. We used pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires that covered information on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive health and contraceptive use. Statistical significance was set at p-value ≤ 0.05. Results six hundred and thirty four (634) sexually active women aged 15-49 years were included in the study; majority were 25-35 years (246; 38.8%). The current contraceptive prevalence was 63.1% [59.3-66.8] (400); of which 312 participants (78%) used a single method while 88 (22%) participants used contraceptives in combination. The most common methods in use were rhythm (196; 49%), male condom (109; 27.2%) and implants (63; 15.8%). When adjusted, statistically significant determinants for contraceptive use were age range and marital status such that odds of using contraceptives was lower in women < 35 years and those cohabiting (AOR= 0.71 [0.50-1.00] and AOR=0.62 [0.44-0.87] respectively). Conclusion current contraceptive practice in the CDC plantation camps is geared toward less effective traditional methods than the more effective modern methods. More health education is needed to adjust this paradigm.
Antibiogram Profile of Antibacterial Multidrug Resistance in Democratic Republic of Congo: Situation in Bukavu City Hospitals

Background Bacterial strains carrying multidrug resistance traits are gaining ground worldwide, especially in countries with limited resources. This study aimed to evaluate the spreading of multidrug-resistant bacteria strains in Bukavu city hospitals in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods We analyzed 758 antibiogram data recorded in files of patients consulted between January 2016 and December 2017 at three reference hospitals selected as sentinel sites, namely the Panzi General Reference Hospital (HGP), BIO -PHARM hospital (HBP), and Saint Luc Clinic (CSL). Results Of 758 isolates tested, the laboratories identified 12 bacterial strains in 712 isolates, of which 223(29.42%) presented MDR profile, including Escherichia coli (11.48%), Klebsiella pneumonia (6.07%), Enterobacter (5.8%), Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (1.58%), Proteus mirabilis (1.85%), Salmonella enterica (1.19%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.53%), Streptococcus pneumonia (0.4%)), Citrobacter (0.13%), Neisseria gonorrhea (0.13%), Enterococcus faecalis (0.13%) and Morganella morganii (0.13%). Infected patients were significantly adults (73.1% vs. 21.5%) compared to children and mainly women (63.7% vs. 30.9%; p = 0.001). Conclusion The observed expansion requires that hospital therapeutic committees set up an effective clinical management system and define the right combinations of antibiotics.
Religiosity and Individual Agency: Denominational Affiliation, Religious Action, and Sense of Control (SOC) in Life

By reporting findings from Wave 6 of the World Values Survey, this paper presents a renewed understanding of the relationship between religiosity and individual agency that is defined as sense of control (SOC) in life. In doing so, it proposes two conceptual articulations of religiosity. First, it articulates religiosity to be composed of categorical (i.e., denominational affiliation) and substantive (i.e., religious action) aspects. Second, it articulates substantive religious action to be multivocal, involving individual–affective, individual–practical, and collective–practical action. The paper finds that categorical denominational affiliation has varying effects on SOC, whereas substantive religious action mediates these effects in such a way that it consistently boosts SOC. A positive association between denominational affiliation (vs. non-affiliation) and SOC becomes smaller when religious action is accounted for. A negative association becomes greater when religious action is accounted for. In sum, the paper argues for the positive mediating effect of religious action on the varying relationship between denominational affiliation and SOC.
Robotic Precisely Oocyte Blind Enucleation Method

Oocyte enucleation is a critical procedure for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Yet, the main steps of oocyte enucleation are still manually operated, which presents several drawbacks such as low precision, high repetition error, and long training time for operators. For improving the operation efficiency and success rate, a robotic precise oocyte blind enucleation method is presented in this paper. The proposed method involves the following key techniques: oocyte translation control, oocyte immobilization and penetration control, and enucleation volume control based on the adaptive slide mode. Compared with the manual blind enucleation method, the proposed robotic blind enucleation method reduced the operation time by 44.5% (manual method: 62 s vs. proposed method: 34.4 s), increased the accuracy of enucleation by 83.1% (manual method: 30.7 vs. proposed method: 5.2), increased the success rate from 80% to 93.3%, and increased the cleavage rate from 41.7% to 63.3%.
Chapter 5.1a Northern Victoria Land: volcanology

Abstract Neogene volcanism is widespread in northern Victoria Land, and is part of the McMurdo Volcanic Group. It is characterized by multiple coalesced shield volcanoes but includes a few relatively small stratovolcanoes. Two volcanic provinces are defined (Hallett and Melbourne), with nine constituent volcanic fields. Multitudes of tiny monogenetic volcanic centres (mainly scoria cones) are also scattered across the region and are called the Northern Local Suite. The volcanism extends in age between middle Miocene (c. 15 Ma) and present but most is <10 Ma. Two centres may still be active (Mount Melbourne and Mount Rittmann). It is alkaline, varying between basalt (basanite) and trachyte/rhyolite. There are also associated, geographically restricted, alkaline gabbro to granite plutons and dykes (Meander Intrusive Group) with mainly Eocene–Oligocene ages (52–18 Ma). The isotopic compositions of the plutons have been used to infer overall cooling of climate during the Eocene–Oligocene. The volcanic sequences are overwhelmingly glaciovolcanic and are dominated by ‘a‘ā lava-fed deltas, the first to be described anywhere. They have been a major source of information on Mio-Pliocene glacial conditions and were used to establish that the thermal regime during glacial periods was polythermal, thus necessitating a change in the prevailing paradigm for ice-sheet evolution.
Antibacterial Effects of Chemical Constituents Isolated from the Roots of Cordia myxa (Boraginaceae) on Salmonella typhi (Enterobacteriaceae)

Cordia myxa is a Cameroonian pharmacopoeia traditional plant. It belongs to the Boraginaceae family, which different parts are used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. The phytochemical screening carried out on the Cordia myxa species indicates the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, steroids, carbohydrates, flavonoids and saponins. Our investigations on the roots of this plant allowed us to isolate two triterpenes from the ethyl acetate extract, which crystallize in the Hex/AcEt [2/8] solvent system; (23R) campesta-9 (11), 24 (30) diene-18,23-diol 3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (compound 1) and alphitolic acid (compound 2). The isolation and characterization of these compounds were carried out respectively by silica gel chromatography and by NMR (1D, 2D) spectral analysis. Compound 1and 2 were tested on the in vitro growth of E.coli and Salmonella typhi using the Muller-Hinton solid medium disc method. The results revealed that these compounds have a dose-dependent antibacterial activity on Salmonella typhi. However, compound 2 had a better antibacterial potential on the Salmonella strain (18.6±0.6mm, 30mg/ml) with the MIC=0.25mg/ml than the compound 1 (14.5±0.4mm, 30mg/ml,) with the MIC=0.44mg/ml. Few classes of antibiotics have been tested, to look for those with the best results and compare the different doses of our compounds. The two compounds did not have any effect on E. coli.
Successful talent development in popular game sports in Switzerland: The case of ice hockey

There is continuing discussion in talent research on the best approach to developing sporting expertise through learning activities during early sport participation. Among other concepts, the specialized sampling model describes a pathway between early specialization and early sampling and yields promising results in Swiss football. As successful constellations of early sport participation might be affected by sport-specific constraints (e.g., age of peak performance, selection pressure, and physiological/psychological requirements), other popular game sports may show similar promising pathways. This study investigates whether ice hockey, another popular game sport in Switzerland, shows similar successful constellations of early sport participation. A sample of 98 former Swiss junior national team players born between 1984 and 1994 reported on early sport participation through a retrospective questionnaire. Using the person-oriented Linking of Clusters after removal of a Residue (LICUR) method, volumes of in-club practice, free play, and activities besides ice hockey until 12 years of age were analyzed, along with player’s age at initial club participation. The results indicate that ice hockey enthusiasts with the most free play and above-average in-club practice had a greater chance of reaching professional level compared to other groups. This implies that high domain specificity with varied sampling experiences is the most promising approach to developing sporting expertise in ice hockey. As similar results were previously found in Swiss football, comparable sport-specific constraints might indeed require similar constellations of learning activities during early sport participation. Therefore, in popular game sports in Switzerland, the specialized sampling model seems to be most promising.
Contribution à l'étude de deux lipases extracellulaires issues de souches fongiques isolées à partir du fruit de palme

L'acidification enzymatique de l'huile de palme est l'un des problemes cruciaux rencontres par cette huile tropicale qui occupe la premiere place dans les echanges mondiaux en oleagineux. Dans la premiere partie de ce travail, nous avons isole du fruit de palme plusieurs microorganismes lipolytiques. Notre attention s'est portee sur deux souches tres actives sur les triglycerides, qui se sont averees comme des contaminants majeurs de notre echantillonnage. Il s'agit de mucor hiemalis f. Hiemalis et rhizopus oryzae. Pour chacune des deux souches, nous avons optimise la production de la lipase extracellulaire en batch ou en fermenteur. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, nous avons purifie la lipase extracellulaire de mucor hiemalis f. Hiemalis a l'homogeneite en trois etapes de chromatographie precedees d'une etape de fractionnement au sulfate d'ammonium. L'enzyme a ete purifiee 2200 fois avec une activite specifique sur tricaprilyne de 6153 moles/min/mg. L'enzyme est une glycoproteine de 49 kda, de phi 4,6 et active sous forme monomerique. Sur une colonne d'interactions hydrophobes, l'analyse de la lipase montre le profil d'une proteine hydrophile. La sequence n-terminale des 19 premiers residus a ete etablie et ne presente aucune identite de sequence significative avec celle des autres lipases connues. Notre enzyme est une triacylglycerol lipase avec une specificite de substrat large. Elle montre une preference pour les acides gras en position sn-1 et sn-3 et presente une activation interfaciale sur la tributyrine. Par ailleurs, nous avons purifie a l'homogeneite la lipase extracellulaire de rhizopus oryzae. Le facteur de purification obtenu est de 1243 avec une activite specifique de 8700 ui/mg. Notre enzyme a des caracteristiques proches des autres lipases de rhizopus sp. Purifiees. C'est une glycoproteine de 32 kda, avec un phi de l'ordre de 7,6. La sequence n-terminale est identique a celle des autres lipases du meme genre mais presente deux acides amines supplementaires qui pourraient provenir du propeptide. Nos resultats mettent en evidence les caracteristiques de deux lipases pures, tres actives sur les triacylglycerols et potentiellements impliquees dans l'acidification de l'huile de palme.
Politicising immigration in times of crisis

ABSTRACT The article examines the politicisation of immigration in Europe during the so-called migration crisis. Based on original media data, it traces politicisation during national election campaigns in 15 countries from the 2000s up to 2018. The study covers Northwestern (Austria, Britain, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland), Central-Eastern (Hungary, Poland, Latvia, and Romania), and Southern Europe (Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain). We proceed in three interrelated steps. First, we show that the migration crisis has accentuated long-term trends in the politicisation of immigration. The issue has been particularly salient and polarised in Northwestern Europe but also in the latest Italian, Hungarian, and Polish campaigns. Second, radical right parties are still the driving forces of politicisation. The results underscore that the radical right not only directly contributes to the politicisation of immigration but triggers other parties to emphasize the issue, too. Third, we observe a declining ‘marginal return’ of the migration crisis on the electoral support of the radical right, and we confirm previous studies by showing that an accommodating strategy by the centre-right contributes to the radical right’s success, provided the centre-right attributes increasing attention to immigration.