Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisão: Polifenóis em cacau e derivados: teores, fatores de variação e efeitos na saúde

O numero de estudos sobre os polifenois presentes no cacau tem aumentado consideravelmente nos ultimos anos, principalmente relacionando-os aos beneficios a saude humana. Mais recentemente, alguns trabalhos tem procurado prever o teor de polifenois em produtos derivados de cacau com base no teor de solidos desengordurados de cacau (SDC) e como o processamento afeta os polifenois do cacau. As compilacoes da literatura, em geral, aprofundam os mecanismos dos efeitos beneficos dos compostos fenolicos do cacau no organismo humano. Esta revisao fornece um panorama das principais pesquisas relacionadas aos altos teores de polifenois presentes no cacau e produtos derivados, bem como aos seus beneficios a saude. Alem disso, busca apresentar aspectos tecnologicos que influenciam o perfil dos compostos fenolicos durante as etapas de processamento. Pelas pesquisas cientificas, a destruicao dos compostos fenolicos naturalmente presentes nas sementes se da principalmente nas etapas realizadas para o desenvolvimento do sabor de chocolate, as quais favorecem a diminuicao da adstringencia e do amargor. Os polifenois, responsaveis pela capacidade antioxidante do cacau, sao drasticamente reduzidos durante a fermentacao das sementes e a alcalinizacao dos nibs e liquors, etapas que envolvem a ocorrencia de complexas reacoes bioquimicas ou uma significativa variacao do pH. A producao de chocolate ao leite ou amargo, excluindo o chocolate branco, apresenta um enorme potencial para inovacao tecnologica, visto a necessidade da manutencao destes compostos importantes para a saude, sem prejuizo do sabor agradavel, atributo esperado e de grande importância em produtos como o chocolate.
Acute and postprandial in people

predict future cardiovascular events. Acute exercise and diet interventions attenuate postprandial [TAG] in adults. This paper aims to examine the exercise postprandial lipemia studies published to date in young people. Nine studies satisfied the inclusion criteria adopted for this summary. The majority of studies are in boys (22% girls) and have shown a single ~60 min session of moderate intensity exercise, performed 12 to 16 h before a standardised meal, reduces postprandial [TAG]. Manipulations of exercise duration and intensity suggest an exercise energy expenditure dose-dependent response is not supported directly in healthy young people. Studies investigating alternative exercise bouts have reported lower postprandial [TAG] after simulated intermittent games activity, high intensity interval running and cumulative 10-min blocks over several hours, which may appeal to the spontaneous physical activity habits of young people. Although extension of these initial findings is warranted, exercise may be an effective strategy to promote regular benefits in TAG metabolism in children and adolescents; this may contribute to an improved cardiovascular disease risk profile early in life. Keywords included: postprandial, energy expenditure, child, adolescent, and girl. intervention study which examining postprandial lipemia after an exercise intervention; people as of study of acute exercise a measure lipemia;
1 Developmental kinetics, turnover and stimulatory capacity of thymic epithelial cells.

Despite the importance of thymic stromal cells to T-cell development, relatively little is known about their biology. Here we employ single-cell analysis of stromal cells to analyse extensive changes in the number and composition of thymic stroma throughout life, revealing a surprisingly dynamic population. Phenotypic progression of thymic epithelial subsets was assessed at high resolution in young mice to provide a developmental framework. The cellular and molecular requirements of adult epithelium were studied using various mutant mice to demonstrate new crosstalk checkpoints dependent on RelB in the cortex and CD40 in the medulla. Using Ki67 and BrdU labelling, the turnover of thymic epithelium was found to be rapid, but then diminished upon thymic involution. The various defects in stromal turnover and composition that accompanied involution were rapidly reversed following sex steroid ablation. Unexpectedly, mature cortical and medullary epithelium showed a potent capacity to stimulate naïve T-cells, comparable to that of thymic dendritic cells. Overall, these studies show that the thymic stroma is a surprisingly dynamic population and may have a more direct role in negative selection than previously thought.
Apigenin Targets MicroRNA-155, Enhances SHIP-1 Expression, and Augments Anti-Tumor Responses in Pancreatic Cancer

Simple Summary Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal cancers. PC promotes the expansion of immunosuppressive Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) and Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAM) that dampen anti-tumor immunity and renders immunotherapies ineffective. We have identified Src Homology-2 (SH2) domain-containing Inositol 5′-Phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1) as a potential new molecular target that controls myeloid associated immunosuppression. We previously demonstrated that apigenin (API) (bioflavonoid) increases SHIP-1 expression and promotes the development of monocytic-MDSC (M-MDSC) into M1 TAM (Tumoricidal) in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment (TME), which corresponded with an increase in anti-tumor immunity (tumor regression) mice harboring PC. In the present study, we demonstrate that API suppresses PC-induced micro-RNA (miR-155), a negative transcriptional regulator of SHIP-1 expression, something which corresponds with the augmented SHIP-1 expression that itself corresponds with an increase in the proportion of M1 macrophages in the bone marrow (BM) of mice with PC. This work supports the idea of enhancing SHIP-1 as a potential new therapeutic target for treatment of pancreatic cancer. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a deadly disease with a grim prognosis. Pancreatic tumor derived factors (TDF) contribute to the induction of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that impedes the effectiveness of immunotherapy. PC-induced microRNA-155 (miRNA-155) represses expression of Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing Inositol 5′-phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1), a regulator of myeloid cell development and function, thus impacting anti-tumor immunity. We recently reported that the bioflavonoid apigenin (API) increased SHIP-1 expression which correlated with the expansion of tumoricidal macrophages (TAM) and improved anti-tumor immune responses in the TME of mice with PC. We now show that API transcriptionally regulates SHIP-1 expression via the suppression of miRNA-155, impacting anti-tumor immune responses in the bone marrow (BM) and TME of mice with PC. We discovered that API reduced miRNA-155 in the PC milieu, which induced SHIP-1 expression. This promoted the restoration of myelopoiesis and increased anti-tumor immune responses in the TME of heterotopic, orthotopic and transgenic SHIP-1 knockout preclinical mouse models of PC. Our results suggest that manipulating SHIP-1 through miR-155 may assist in augmenting anti-tumor immune responses and aid in the therapeutic intervention of PC.
Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on Milk Yield and Quality in Italian Mediterranean Lactating Buffaloes

Simple Summary Buffalo milk has good dairy properties that allow its transformation into excellent cheeses, in particular mozzarella. What greatly influences the quality of buffalo milk, and its properties is the diet administered; for this reason, we wanted to test whether a supplement of antioxidants (SOD, Zn, and Se) in the diet of lactating buffaloes could affect the quantity and quality of their milk. The experiment was carried out on sixty-six lactating buffaloes on a farm in central Italy. Individual milk samples were collected every four weeks at morning and evening milking. The results obtained showed that treatment had no effect on feed intake, feeding behaviour, and feed efficiency and improved milk yield and milk clotting properties (MCP). Abstract Buffaloes are raised mainly to obtain milk that is nutritionally very rich. The technological characteristics of buffalo milk are optimal for processing into cheese, and it is mainly used to produce mozzarella cheese. Under stressful conditions, buffaloes, like other animals, produce milk qualitatively poorly. The stressors that can affect the quality of production are, in addition to other factors, deficiencies in nutrients such as vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals. In this study, we evaluated the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the quality of buffalo milk. Sixty-six buffaloes were enrolled and subdivided into two balanced groups of 33 each. The ZnSe group received 0.2 kg/head/day of Bufalo Plus® containing antioxidants and barley meal, CaCO3 and MgCO3 mix; the control group was supplemented with 0.2 kg/head/day of barley meal, CaCO3 and MgCO3 mix. The two groups were fed ad libitum with a total mixed ration (TMR). The amount of diet distributed was recorded daily, and the residue in the trough manger was recorded three times per week. TMR samples were taken every two weeks for each group. Daily milk yield was recorded twice a week. Milk samples were collected every four weeks and analysed for chemical and technological properties. Furthermore, milk total antioxidant capacity was determined. The results obtained showed that the antioxidant supplement had no effect on feed intake, feeding behaviour, and feed efficiency. The treatment positively influenced milk production while it did not affect the chemical characteristics of the milk. In addition, the supplement of antioxidants improved the milk clotting properties (MCP). The supplement did not affect the antioxidant activity of the milk.
Características morfológicas de cultivares de soja convencionais e Roundup ReadyTM em função da época e densidade de semeadura

This paper has the objective to evaluate the influence of seed densities and sowing season in conventional soybean genotype and Roundup ReadyTM (RR), in the morphological characteristic of soybean plant. The experiments were conducted in Jari-RS, Brazil. The first seeding was done within the time prescribed for the crop(November), and the second, after the time indicated (January), with the cultivars 'CEP/CD 41', 'CD 201', 'Fundacep 39', 'Fundacep 44', 'CD 205', 'BRS 133', 'Fundacep 45', 'A 6001 RG', 'Magica, AL72' and A '8100 RG', at densities of 250, 400 and 550 thousand seed seeds suitable ha-1 in the 2005/2006 harvest. The experiment design was randomized blocks with split plots, with four replications. The cultivars cycle, plant height, height of first pod insertion, number of branches plant-1, branches m-2, nodes' number of the main stem plant-1, nodes main stem m-2, biological yield (RB) and harvest index (IC). Sowing in January causes reduction in the crop cycle, plant height, height of first pod insertion, number of nodes plant-1 and RB and the increase in seed density not increased the height of first pod insertion in RR cultivars. The period cycle that is most affected by the delayed sowing is the vegetative. The IC sowing in November was lower, but the RB was larger.
Oxyresveratrol from Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. Inhibit Melanogenesis in B16 Melanoma Cells through the Role of Cellular Oxidants

Overproduction of melanin pigment is well recognized in hyperpigmentation disorders and melanoma progression. In this study, we investigated the anti-oxidant activity of oxyresveratrol from Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. The effects of oxyresveratrol on melanogenesis, tyrosinase activity, and cellular oxidants in B16 cells were also obtained. Toxic doses of oxyresveratrol were confirmed by using an in vitro micronucleus method in V79 cells. Oxyresveratrol had a potent anti-oxidant activity. It also showed a statistical significance in the inhibition of melanogenesis, tyrosinase activity, and cellular oxidants in B16 cells at 10 and 12.5 mg/ml. These effective doses had no toxicity in V79 cells. Oxyresveratrol had a potent inhibition of melanogenesis in B16 cells through the role of cellular oxidants relating to tyrosinase activity. Effective doses of this agent may be used to control hyperpigmentation disorders and to be applied in chemopreventive drugs for melanoma.
Surface-Enhanced Carboxyphenyl Diazonium Functionalized Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for the Screening of Tuberculosis in Sputum Samples

Curbing tuberculosis (TB) requires a combination of good strategies, including a proper prevention measure, diagnosis, and treatment. This study proposes an improvised tuberculosis diagnosis based on an amperometry approach for the sensitive detection of MPT64 antigen in clinical samples. An MPT64 aptamer specific to the target antigen was covalently attached to the carboxyphenyl diazonium-functionalized carbon electrode via carbodiimide chemistry. The electrochemical detection assay was adapted from a sandwich assay format to trap the antigen between the immobilized aptamer and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tagged polyclonal anti-MPT64 antibody. The amperometric current was measured from the catalytic reaction response between HRP, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroquinone, which is used as an electron mediator. From the analysis, the detection limit in the measurement buffer was 1.11 ng mL−1. Additionally, the developed aptasensor exhibited a linear relationship between the current signal and the MPT64 antigen-spiked serum concentration ranging from 10 to 150 ng mL−1 with a 1.38 ng mL−1 detection limit. Finally, an evaluation using the clinical sputum samples from both TB (+) and TB (−) individuals revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 100%, respectively. Based on the analysis, the developed aptasensor was found to be simple in its fabrication, sensitive, and allowed for the efficient detection and diagnosis of TB in sputum samples.
Nitrite stress increases staphylococcal enterotoxin C transcription and triggers the SigB regulon

Abstract Staphylococcal food poisoning is a common food intoxication caused by staphylococcal enterotoxins. While growth of Staphylococcus aureus is not inhibited by the meat-curing agent nitrite, we hypothesize that nitrite has an influence on enterotoxin C (SEC) expression. We investigated the influence of 150 mg/l nitrite on SEC expression at mRNA and protein level in seven strains expressing different SEC variants. Additionally, regulatory knockout mutants (Δagr, ΔsarA, and ΔsigB) of high SEC producing strain SAI48 were investigated at mRNA level. Our findings suggest that nitrite effectively increases sec mRNA transcription, but the effects on SEC protein expression are less pronounced. While Δagr mutants exhibited lower sec mRNA transcription levels than wildtype strains, this response was not stress specific. ΔsigB mutants displayed a nitrite stress-specific response. Whole genome sequencing of the strains revealed a defective agr element in one strain (SAI3). In this strain, sec transcription and SEC protein synthesis was not affected by the mutation. Consequently, additional regulatory networks must be at play in SEC expression. Comparison of our findings about SEC with previous experiments on SEB and SED suggest that each SE can respond differently, and that the same stressor can trigger opposing responses in strains that express multiple toxins.
Serum and Adipose Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 in Cardiovascular Surgery Patients: Influence of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a novel adipokine and may be involved in the association between adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome. We investigated DPP-4 and adiponectin levels in the serum, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), and their relationship with preoperative factors, as well as comparing the DPP-4 levels in SAT and EAT with and without DPP-4 inhibitors. This study included 40 patients (25 men, age 67.5 ± 13.8 years). The serum adipokine, DPP-4, and adiponectin levels in SAT and EAT were measured using ELISA and Western blotting. The DPP-4 and adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the SAT than in the EAT. The serum DPP-4 and DPP-4 activity levels had no correlation with the DPP-4 levels in the SAT and EAT, but the DPP-4 levels in the SAT and EAT had a positive correlation. The DPP-4 levels in the SAT were positively correlated with atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, DPP-4-inhibitor use, and fasting blood glucose. The DPP-4 levels in the EAT showed a negative correlation with eGFR and a positive correlation with atrial fibrillation. The DPP-4 activity in the serum had a lower tendency in the group taking DPP-4 inhibitors than in the group not taking them. DPP-4 inhibitors may suppress angiogenesis and adipose-tissue hypertrophy.
A comprehensive study of the abdominal ganglia part 3: An overview of the most commonly observed ganglion patterns

Chronic pain from untreatable abdominal cancers or pancreatitis can severely decrease an individual's quality of life due to accompanying neuropathic pain, the most difficult pain mechanism to treat. Current treatment modalities focus on peripheral block or neurolysis procedures of the sympathetic ganglia in an attempt to curb the pain and improve quality of life. Reports indicated that these treatments are ineffective with patients either experiencing no relief or return the pain in a few weeks. The aim of this study was to investigate the location, macro‐ and microscopic morphology, and interconnections of the abdominal ganglia. The abdominal sympathetic ganglia of nine adult cadavers were investigated. The locations, morphology, interconnections, and microscopic structure were studied in 108 potential abdominal ganglia. Particular emphasis was placed on direct interconnectivity between the ganglia and histological morphology. A total of 100 ganglia were confirmed histologically to contain ganglion cells. The number and locations of most of the ganglia identified in our study does not correspond to that described by previous reports. Numerous interconnections between the different ganglia, as well as direct communications with the lumbar sympathetic chain ganglia were observed. The interconnections and presence of ganglion cells the nerves connecting the ganglia lead to the belief that the system should be considered as a unit and that pain fibers may be transmitted via alternative previously undiscovered pathways. If the pain treatments are to be reassessed with this information in mind, we believe that greater success could be achieved.
Should Peak Dose Be Used to Prescribe Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy?—A Review of Preclinical Studies

Simple Summary This review study analyzed preclinical studies available before 2022 on spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT), a promising cancer therapy with a high therapeutic index. We intend to use the results of preclinical studies to shed light on the correlation between SFRT dosimetry and treatment response in the clinic. In particular, we challenge the use of peak dose when prescribing SFRT. Abstract Spatially fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) is characterized by the coexistence of multiple hot and cold dose subregions throughout the treatment volume. In preclinical studies using single-fraction treatment, SFRT can achieve a significantly higher therapeutic index than conventional radiotherapy (RT). Published clinical studies of SFRT followed by RT have reported promising results for bulky tumors. Several clinical trials are currently underway to further explore the clinical benefits of SFRT. However, we lack the important understanding of the correlation between dosimetric parameters and treatment response that we have in RT. In this work, we reviewed and analyzed this important correlation from previous preclinical SFRT studies. We reviewed studies prior to 2022 that treated animal-bearing tumors with minibeam radiotherapy (MBRT) or microbeam radiotherapy (MRT). Eighteen studies met our selection criteria. Increased lifespan (ILS) relative to control was used as the treatment response. The preclinical SFRT dosimetric parameters analyzed were peak dose, valley dose, average dose, beam width, and beam spacing. We found that valley dose was the dosimetric parameter with the strongest correlation with ILS (p-value < 0.01). For studies using MRT, average dose and peak dose were also significantly correlated with ILS (p-value < 0.05). This first comprehensive review of preclinical SFRT studies shows that the valley dose (rather than the peak dose) correlates best with treatment outcome (ILS).
Efeitos do manganês sobre a soja cultivada em solo de Cerrado do Triângulo Mineiro

Manganese deficiency in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and in other crops could be due to its low levels in the soil, or to its unavailability induced by liming. The objective of this research was to verify the soybean mineral composition in relation to Mn availability. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using soil from Patrocinio, MG, Brazil, where the cultivated coffee shows symptoms of Mn deficiency. Mn was applied at the rates of zero, 10, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 with an additional treatment of 0.6% of foliar applied Mn and two rates of lime, namely: zero and 2.7 t ha-1. Mn concentration in the plant tissue was increased with the rate of lime application; liming, however, caused a Mn reduction. It must be pointed out that the lowest Mn level in the leaves was 84 mg kg-1, at the zero rate of Mn with lime. Mn ratio caused an increase both in dry matter and grain yield either in the presence and absence of lime. Liming did not induce any symptom of Mn deficiency in the leaves. Leaf applied Mn was efficient to raise and maintain soybean yield.
Psychological Aspects of Syncopes and Possible Association with Recurrency—The Role of Implantable Loop Recorders

Syncopes are a very common phenomenon and have a high recurrence rate. The differentiation between the psychogenic and physical, especially of arrhythmic origin, remains difficult. In many cases, an implantable loop recorder is used for the detection of possible arrhythmias, leading to syncopes. Yet, the existing literature suggests that psychological factors may play a significant role in recurrent syncopes. We aimed at analyzing the potential role of several psychological factors on the recurrence of arrhythmic or non-arrhythmic syncopes. Methods and results: A total of 119 patients, who had received an implantable loop recorder for recurrent syncopes at our center between 01/2018 and 12/2021, participated in this retrospective cohort study. Anxiety, depression and quality of life were assessed using extensively validated questionnaires (GAD-7, PHQ-9 and SF-12). The mean follow-up after loop recorder implantation was 710 ± 430 days and 50% of patients were female. The mean patient age was 54.8 ± 18.6 years. Most patients had no evidence of structural heart disease (84%), and normal LV function (92%). A statistical analysis revealed that the presence of structural heart disease was the strongest predictor for arrhythmic syncope during follow-up. In patients with non-arrhythmic syncopes, we found significantly higher levels of anxiety (GAD-7 score: 2.5 ± 2.6 vs. 4.8 ± 4.3) and depression (PHQ-9 score: 3.9 ± 3.6 vs. 6.8 ± 5.1), and a lower quality of life (SF-12 score: 33.7 ± 6.4 vs. 29.6 ± 7.8). Discussion: We identified factors as contributors to a better identification of patients at risk for arrhythmic as well as non-arrhythmic syncopes. Especially anxious or depressive symptoms may hinted at non-arrhythmic causes of syncope. However, the study was limited by its retrospective design and low patient number. Further trials should likewise combine the diagnostic yield of loop recorders with psychometric evaluations before implantation and combine it with additional diagnostic measures, such as video monitoring, to further examine the role of psychological factors in the pathomechanism and treatment of syncope.