Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Representation theory of strongly locally finite quivers

This paper deals with the representation theory of strongly, locally finite quivers. We first study some properties of the finitely presented or co‐presented representations, and then construct in the category of locally finite‐dimensional representations some almost split sequences which start with a finitely co‐presented representation and end with a finitely presented representation. Furthermore, we obtain a general description of the shapes of the Auslander–Reiten components of the category of finitely presented representations and prove that the number of regular Auslander–Reiten components is infinite if and only if the quiver is not of finite or infinite Dynkin type. In the infinite Dynkin case, we shall give a complete list of the indecomposable representations and an explicit description of the Auslander–Reiten components. Finally, we apply these results to study the Auslander–Reiten theory in the derived category of bounded complexes of finitely presented representations.
Anomaly Detection and Repairing for Improving Air Quality Monitoring

Clean air in cities improves our health and overall quality of life and helps fight climate change and preserve our environment. High-resolution measures of pollutants’ concentrations can support the identification of urban areas with poor air quality and raise citizens’ awareness while encouraging more sustainable behaviors. Recent advances in Internet of Things (IoT) technology have led to extensive use of low-cost air quality sensors for hyper-local air quality monitoring. As a result, public administrations and citizens increasingly rely on information obtained from sensors to make decisions in their daily lives and mitigate pollution effects. Unfortunately, in most sensing applications, sensors are known to be error-prone. Thanks to Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, it is possible to devise computationally efficient methods that can automatically pinpoint anomalies in those data streams in real time. In order to enhance the reliability of air quality sensing applications, we believe that it is highly important to set up a data-cleaning process. In this work, we propose AIrSense, a novel AI-based framework for obtaining reliable pollutant concentrations from raw data collected by a network of low-cost sensors. It enacts an anomaly detection and repairing procedure on raw measurements before applying the calibration model, which converts raw measurements to concentration measurements of gasses. There are very few studies of anomaly detection in raw air quality sensor data (millivolts). Our approach is the first that proposes to detect and repair anomalies in raw data before they are calibrated by considering the temporal sequence of the measurements and the correlations between different sensor features. If at least some previous measurements are available and not anomalous, it trains a model and uses the prediction to repair the observations; otherwise, it exploits the previous observation. Firstly, a majority voting system based on three different algorithms detects anomalies in raw data. Then, anomalies are repaired to avoid missing values in the measurement time series. In the end, the calibration model provides the pollutant concentrations. Experiments conducted on a real dataset of 12,000 observations produced by 12 low-cost sensors demonstrated the importance of the data-cleaning process in improving calibration algorithms’ performances.
Pluchea indica Leaf Extract Alleviates Dyslipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis by Modifying the Expression of Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in Rats Fed a High Fat-High Fructose Diet

This study evaluated the effect of Pluchea indica leaf extract (PIE) on dyslipidemia and lipid accumulation in the liver, emphasizing its molecular mechanisms in regulating lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat-high fructose diet (HFFD). Male rats were fed HFFD (40% lard and 20% fructose) for ten weeks. They were then divided into four groups receiving distilled water, PIE (100 or 300 mg/kg/d), and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/d) for a further six weeks, during which the HFFD was continued. After the experiment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance (OGT), serum insulin and leptin levels, lipid profiles, and hepatic triglyceride content were measured. Histological examination and expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver were measured. HFFD-fed rats indicated a significantly increased FBG, serum leptin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores with impaired OGT and dyslipidemia compared to rats fed a normal diet. PIE significantly reduced FBG, serum leptin, and HOMA-IR scores and improved OGT. Additionally, PIE significantly improved dyslipidemia and decreased serum-free fatty acids and liver triglyceride content. Hepatic histological examination showed a marked reduction lipid accumulation in relation to HFFD controls. Interestingly, PIE significantly downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes and upregulated the expression of fatty-acid oxidation-related genes. In conclusion, PIE alleviates dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in HFFD rats plausibly by increasing insulin resistance and modifying the gene expression associated with lipid metabolism. PIE may be used as preventive nutrition for dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis.
Gluing theorems for constant scalar curvature manifolds

This paper concerns the positive singular Yamabe problem (SYP) in the case where the set of singularities is finite. The main result of the paper is the construction of solutions to the SYP for compact manifolds non-degenerate manifolds M that are conformally flat in a neighborhood of the singular set. We use a gluing method to construct solutions to the SYP, by attaching complete non-compact constant scalar curvature Delaunay ends to M with small balls removed.
Gathering speed and countering tensions in the rapid learning health system

The vision of the learning health system (LHS), conceptualized 15 years ago, is for the rapid generation, use, and spread of high‐quality evidence that yields better health experiences, outcomes, efficiencies, and equity in everyday practice settings across communities. However, despite the emergence of many useful LHS frameworks and examples to guide adoption, large gaps remain in the speed and consistency with which evidence is generated and used across the range of settings from the bedside to the policy table. Gaps in progress are not surprising, however, given the tensions that predictably arise when key stakeholders—researchers, health systems, and funders—comingle in these efforts. This commentary examines eight core tensions that naturally arise and offers practical actions that stakeholders can take to address these tensions and speed LHS adoption. The urgency for attenuating these tensions and accelerating health system improvements has never been higher. Timeliness, rigor, and prioritization can be aligned across stakeholders, but only if all partners are intentional about the operational and cultural challenges that exist.
Enhancement of hole injection in pentacene organic thin-film transistor of O2 plasma-treated Au electrodes

The effect of oxygen plasma treatment on enhancement of hole mobility was demonstrated using pentacene organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with bottom-contact Au electrodes. Linear field-effect mobility increased from 3.2×10−2to7.4×10−2cm2∕Vs as the Au electrodes were treated with O2 plasma. Secondary electron emission spectra revealed that the work function of oxygen plasma-treated Au is 0.5eV higher than that of untreated Au. This led to a reduced hole injection barrier at the interface of Au with pentacene, increasing the field-effect mobility of OTFTs.
Theoretical calculation of the cratering on Ida, Mathilde, Eros and Gaspra

AbstractThe main influences on crater size distributions are investigated by deriving results for the four example target objects, (951) Gaspra, (243) Ida, (253) Mathilde and (433) Eros. The dynamical history of each of these asteroids is modelled using the mercury numerical integrator. An efficient, Opik-type, collision code enables the distribution of impact velocities and the overall impact probability to be found. When combined with a crater scaling law and an impactor size distribution, using a Monte Carlo method, this yields a crater size distribution. The cratering time-scale is longer for Ida than either Gaspra or Mathilde, though it is harder to constrain for Eros due to the chaotic variation of its orbital elements. The slopes of the crater size distribution are in accord with observations.
On the Formulation of a Piezoelectric Plate Model

In this paper, the formulation of a piezoelectric plate capable of describing the behavior of both the direct and converse piezoelectric effects is presented. The model of plate is meant as a bi-dimensional structured continuum with no limiting hypothesis kept about the thickness dimension. The constitutive relations and the equilibrium equations are obtained assigning a specific structure to the field of admissible displacement of a linear piezoelectric and transversely isotropic three-dimensional continuum within the hypotheses of linear constitutive relations and ‘small’ deformations from a stress-free placement. Based on the assumption that a linear distribution along the plate thickness direction of the electric potential is not sufficient for representing the potential electric energy, consequences are drawn for the assumptions to be made for the distributions along the thickness of the displacement field. The governing equations of the membrane and flexural behavior of the model are then obtained.
Self-Reported Coffee Consumption and Central and Peripheral Blood Pressure in the Cohort of the Brisighella Heart Study

Even though coffee consumption has been clearly related to a number of benefits to the cardiovascular system, its effect on blood pressure (BP) has not been fully elucidated. In this sub-analysis of the Brisighella Heart Study (BHS), we compared central and peripheral BP values in a sub-cohort of 720 men (47.9%) and 783 women (52.1%) reporting the drinking of different amounts of coffee each day, for whom a full set of clinical, laboratory and hemodynamic parameters was available. According to our observations, moderate coffee drinking was associated to either higher levels of systolic BP (SBP) compared to those with heavy coffee consumption or lower SBP than that in the non-coffee drinking group (p-value for trend <0.05). In particular, people who drank 2 cups of coffee per day and people who drank >3 cups per day had lower SBP than non-coffee drinkers by 5.2 ± 1.6 mmHg (p = 0.010) and 9.7 ± 3.2 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.007). Similar trends were also observed for peripheral pulse pressure (PP), aortic BP and aortic PP. In the age-adjusted multiple linear regression model, negative predictors of SBP, PP, aortic BP and aortic PP were the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), female sex and coffee consumption. Positive predictors included body mass index (BMI) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Then, our findings show that regular coffee drinking is associated with lower SBP, PP, aortic BP and aortic PP, but with similar arterial stiffness.
Spectrophotometry of four H II regions in the Perseus arm and a reassessment of galactic abundance gradients

The results from deep spectrophotometry of four Perseus arm H II regions (NGC 1624, NGC 2359, NGC 7538, and NGC 7635) obtained with the KPNO IIDS are presented. The observed line strengths are used to derive electron temperatures, densities, and the relative concentrations of H, He, N, O, S, Cl, and Ar in the nebulae. These abundances are combined with others from the literature and are used to estimate the magnitude of galactic abundance gradients over the 8--14 kpc region of the solar neighborhood.Significant radial gradients for oxygen and nitrogen are found: d log (O/H)/dR=-0.059 +- 0.017 kpc/sup -1/ and d log (N/H)/dR= -0.083 +- 0.018 kpc/sup -1/, while only marginal evidence for a helium gradient is found: d log (He/H)/dR=-0.008 +- 0.008 kpc/sup -1/. Little evidence for gradient in S/H is found. From the red (N II) and (S II) lines we found d log (N/sup +//S/sup +/)/dR=-0.068 +- 0.024 kpc/sup -1/, which suggests that a radial gradient in S/O exists in the Galaxy. The O/H gradient found in this study is similar to that found from planetary nebulae, while the N/H gradient is significantly smaller. These results suggest that most of the nitrogen in the interstellar medium ofmore » the Galaxy was produced by primary nucleosynthesis processes.We also find evidence that the radial O/H and N/H gradients for H II regions in a given spiral arm are 2 to 3 times steeper than the global gradients over the 8--14 kpc interval in galactocentric distance. For four H II regions in the Sagittarius arm we found d log (O/H)/dR=-0.24 kpc/sup -1/ and d log (N/H)/dR=-0.16 kpc/sup -1/. For five H II regions in the Perseus arm we found d log (O/H)/dR=-0.18 kpc/sup -1/ and d log (N/H)/dR=-0.15 kpc/sup -1/. The larger magnitudes of these gradients are greater than those of the global gradients by amounts which exceed reasonable errors in abundances and/or the relative distances for the individual H II regions. « less
Bacterial bioconvection: weakly nonlinear theory for pattern selection

Complex bioconvection patterns are observed when a suspension of the oxytactic bacterium Bacillus subtilis is placed in a chamber with its upper surface open to the atmosphere. The patterns form because the bacteria are denser than water and swim upwards (up an oxygen gradient) on average. This results in an unstable density distribution and an overturning instability. The pattern formation is dependent on depth and experiments in a tilted chamber have shown that as the depth increases the first patterns formed are hexagons in which the fluid flows down in the centre. The linear stability of this system was analysed by Hillesdon & Pedley (1996) who found that the system is unstable if the Rayleigh number Γ exceeds a critical value, which depends on the wavenumber k of the disturbance as well as on the values of other parameters. Hillesdon & Pedley found that the critical wavenumber kc could be either zero or non-zero, depending on the parameter values. In this paper we carry out a weakly nonlinear analysis to determine the relative stability of hexagon and roll patterns formed at the onset of bioconvection. The analysis is different in the two cases kc≠0 and kc=0. For the kc≠0 case (which appears to be more relevant experimentally) the model does predict down hexagons, but only for a certain range of parameter values. Hence the analysis allows us to refine previous parameter estimates. For the kc=0 case we carry out a two-dimensional analysis and derive an equation describing the evolution of the horizontal planform function.
Electro-conductive silica nanoparticles-incorporated hydrogel based on alginate as a biomimetic scaffold for bone tissue engineering application

Abstract An innovative electrically conductive hydrogel was fabricated through the incorporation of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) and poly(aniline-co-dopamine) (PANI-co-PDA) into oxidized alginate (OAlg) as a biomimetic scaffold for bone tissue engineering application. The developed self-healing chemical hydrogel was characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, and TGA. The electrical conductivity and swelling ratio of the hydrogel were obtained as 1.7 × 10−3 S cm−1 and 130%, respectively. Cytocompatibility and cell proliferation potential of the developed scaffold were approved by MTT assay using MG-63 cells. FE-SEM imaging approved the potential of the fabricated scaffold for hydroxyapatite (HA) formation and bioactivity induction through immersing in SBF solution. Graphical Abstract An innovative biomimetic electrically conductive hydrogel composed of alginate (Alg), poly(aniline-co-dopamine) (PANI-co-PDA), and silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) was developed, and its performance in bone tissue engineering (TE) was preliminary investigated in terms of several physicochemical/biological characteristics.
Hall effect-induced acceleration of electromigration failures in spin valve multilayers under magnetic field

It was observed that electromigration (EM)-induced failures in spin valve multilayers were severely accelerated by an externally applied magnetic field. The theoretical and experimental analysis results confirmed that Hall effect-induced Lorentz force applied to the perpendicular-to-the-film-plane direction is primarily responsible for the severe acceleration of the EM failures due to its dominant contribution to abruptly increasing local temperature and current density. The proposed failure model and the theoretical calculations were demonstrated to agree well with the experimental observations.
Polynomial-Time Isomorphism of 1-L-Complete Sets

Let C be any complexity class closed under log-lin reductions. We show that all sets complete for C under 1-L reductions are polynomial-time isomorphic to each other. We also generalize the result to reductions computed byfinite-crossingmachines. As a corollary, we show that all sets complete for C under two-way DFA reductions are polynomial-time isomorphic to each other.
Effect of individual observations on the Box–Cox transformation

In this paper, we consider the influence of individual observations on inferences about the Box–Cox power transformation parameter from a Bayesian point of view. We compare Bayesian diagnostic measures with the ‘forward’ method of analysis due to Riani and Atkinson. In particular, we look at the effect of omitting observations on the inference by comparing particular choices of transformation using the conditional predictive ordinate and the k d measure of Pettit and Young. We illustrate the methods using a designed experiment. We show that a group of masked outliers can be detected using these single deletion diagnostics. Also, we show that Bayesian diagnostic measures are simpler to use to investigate the effect of observations on transformations than the forward search method.
City-scale analysis of annual ambient PM2.5 source contributions with the InMAP reduced-complexity air quality model: a case study of Madison, Wisconsin

Air pollution is highly variable, such that source contributions to air pollution can vary even within a single city. However, few tools exist to support city-scale air quality analyses, including impacts of energy system changes. We present a methodology that utilizes regional ground-based monitor measurements to scale speciation data from the Intervention Model for Air Pollution (InMAP), a national-scale reduced-complexity model. InMAP, like all air quality models, has biases in its concentration estimates; these biases may be pronounced when examining a single city. We apply the bias correction methodology to Madison, Wisconsin and estimate the relative contributions of sources to annual-average fine particulate matter (PM2.5), as well as the impacts of coal power plant retirements and electric vehicle (EV) adoption. We find that the largest contributors to ambient PM2.5 concentrations in Madison are on-road transportation, contributing 21% of total PM2.5; non-point sources, 16%; and electricity generating units, 14%. State-wide coal power plant closures from 2014 to 2020 and planned closures through 2025 were modeled to assess air quality benefits. The largest relative reductions are seen in areas north of Milwaukee (up to 7%), though population-weighted PM2.5 was reduced by only 3.8% across the state. EV adoption scenarios lead to a relative reduction in PM2.5 over Madison of 0.5% to 13.7% or a 9.3% reduction in total PM2.5 from a total replacement of light-duty vehicles (LDVs) with EVs. Similar percent reductions are calculated for population-weighted concentrations over Madison. Replacing 100% of LDVs with EVs reduced CO2 emissions by over 50%, highlighting the potential benefits of EVs to both climate and air quality. This work illustrates the potential of combining data from models and monitors to inform city-scale air quality analyses, supporting local decision-makers working to reduce air pollution and improve public health.
Chitin Biosynthesis in Aspergillus Species

The fungal cell wall (FCW) is a dynamic structure responsible for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and is essential for modulating the interaction of the fungus with its environment. It is composed of proteins, lipids, pigments and polysaccharides, including chitin. Chitin synthesis is catalyzed by chitin synthases (CS), and up to eight CS-encoding genes can be found in Aspergillus species. This review discusses in detail the chitin synthesis and regulation in Aspergillus species, and how manipulation of chitin synthesis pathways can modulate fungal growth, enzyme production, virulence and susceptibility to antifungal agents. More specifically, the metabolic steps involved in chitin biosynthesis are described with an emphasis on how the initiation of chitin biosynthesis remains unknown. A description of the classification, localization and transport of CS was also made. Chitin biosynthesis is shown to underlie a complex regulatory network, with extensive cross-talks existing between the different signaling pathways. Furthermore, pathways and recently identified regulators of chitin biosynthesis during the caspofungin paradoxical effect (CPE) are described. The effect of a chitin on the mammalian immune system is also discussed. Lastly, interference with chitin biosynthesis may also be beneficial for biotechnological applications. Even after more than 30 years of research, chitin biosynthesis remains a topic of current interest in mycology.
Ultrafast all-optical switching in a silicon-based photonic crystal

We study the effect of two-photon absorption and Kerr nonlinearity on the optical properties of a one-dimensional photonic crystal made with amorphous silicon and SiO2. A stop band appearing near 1.5 μm is monitored with a weak probe beam and modulated by changes in the refractive index caused by a pump pulse at 1.71 μm with 18 GW/cm2 peak intensity. Nonlinear optical characterization of the sample using Z-scan points out to two-photon absorption as the main contributor to free carrier excitation in silicon at that power level. Modulation in the transmittance near the band edge is found to be dominated by the optical Kerr effect within the pulse overlap (∼400 fs) whereas free carrier index changes are observed for 12 ps.
On pressure perpendicular to the shear planes in finite pure shears , and on the lengthening of loaded wires when twisted

In the ‘ Philosophical Magazine,' vol. 9, 1905, p. 397, I gave an analysis of the stresses in a pure shear which appeared to show that if e is the angle of shear and if n is the rigidity, then a pressure n e2 exists perpendicular to the planes of shear. That analysis is, I believe, faulty in that the diagonals of the rhombus into which a square is sheared are not the lines of greatest elongation and contraction, and are not at right angles after the shear, when second order quantities are taken into account, i . e . , quantities of the order of e2; I think the following analysis is more correct, and though it does not give a definite result, it leaves the existence of a longitudinal pressure an open question. The question appears to be answered in the affirmative by some experiments, described in the second part of the paper, in which loaded wires were found to lengthen when twisted by a small amount proportional to the square of the twist. I. — Stresses in a Pure Shear . Let a square ABCD (fig. 1) of side a be sheared into EFCD by motion through AE = d , the volume being constant. The angle of shear is ADE = e, and tan e = d / a exactly ; neglecting e3, we may put e = d / a .