Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reviews and Original Articles Lipoprotein(A) and Apolipoprotein(A) Phenotypes in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

Objective To evaluate the distribution pattern of apolipoprotein(a) [Apo(a)] phenotypes in Koreans and the effect of dialysis modality on serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentration according to apo(a) phenotype in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRO). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting A university hospital. Participants: 153 normal controls, 99 hemodialysis (HO) patients and 82 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPO) patients. Main Outcome Measures Fasting serum Lp(a), lipids, and apo(a) phenotypes were measured. Results The frequencies of the subjects with apo(a) phenotypes of high-molecular weight only, including S3, S4, or S5 or null type were 95.4% of control, 100% of HO patients, and 95.1% of CAPO patients. The frequent apo(a) phenotypes in Koreans consisted of S4, S4S5, S5, and S5S5 isoforms. Significant difference was found in serum Lp(a) concentration among controls and HO and CAPO patients [median (interquartile range): 0.05 g/L, (0.01 0.19); 0.19g/L, (0.10 0.35); 0.63g/L, (0.28 0.90), p< 0.001]. Lp(a) levels in CAPO patients were significantly higher than in HO patients for all four common apo(a) isoforms found in Korean subjects. CAPO patients had higher total and LOL cholesterol levels, and higher ApoB levels than H O patients. Significant differences were found in serum albumin levels between controls and HO and CAPO patients (44 ± 3 g/L, 40 ± 4 g/L, 32 ± 7 g/L, respectively, p < 0.05). There were significant inverse correlations between serum albumin and Lp(a) (r = -0.33, p < 0.01), total cholesterol (r = -0.31, p < 0.01), LOL (r = -0.39, p < 0.01) or ApoB (r = -0.35, p < 0.01) in ESRO patients. A significant positive correlation was found between serum albumin and ApoA1 (r = 0.24, p < 0.01). Conclusion These findings indicate that Koreans have mainly high -molecular weight apo(a) phenotypes and serum Lp(a) is elevated in CAPO patients compared to HO patients for common apo(a) phenotypes, which may contribute to the frequent cardiovascular mortality in CAPO patients.
Cellobiose hydrolysis by endoglucanase (glucan glucanhydrolase) from Trichoderma reesie: Kinetics and mechanism

Glucanohydrolase from Trichoderma reesei, having a molecular weight of 52,000, was evaluated for kinetic properties with respect to cellobiose. Results from this work include: (1) initial rate studies that show that glucanohydrolase hydrolyzes cellobiose by a competitive mechanism and that the product, glucose, inhibits the enzyme; (2) low‐pressure aqueous liquid chromatography that shows that formation of a reversion product, cellobiose, is minor and occurs in detectable amounts only a very high (90mM) cellobiose concentrations; (3) development of an equation based on the mechanism of glucanohydrolase action as determined by initial rate kinetics, which accurately predicts the time course of cellobiose hydrolysis; (4) derivation of an initial rate expression for the combined activity of cellobiase and glucanohydrolase on cellobiose. Based on data in this paper it is shown that the difference in inhibition pattern of the two enzymes could be used for determining the contamination of one enzyme by small quantities of the other.
Presence of Salmonella in retail grade a eggs determined by the International Organization for Standardization 6579 method and a LightCycler polymerase chain reaction system.

Bu calismada dogal kontamine A sinifi yumurtalarda Salmonella varliginin ISO 6579 standart kultur metodu ve bu metodun spesifik gercek zamanli bir PCR sistemi (LightCycler PCR-LCPCR) ile desteklenmesini belirlemek amaclanmistir. Bursa’da 20 farkli perakende marketten 1 yil suresince, yogun yumurta uretimi olan 3 bolge (Ege, Marmara, Orta Anadolu)’nin buyuk uretici/tedarikcisi olan 16 farkli firmaya ait 101 birlestirilmis, toplam 1635 adet yumurta rastgele olarak orneklendi. Yumurtalarin analize hazirlanmasi, Salmonella izolasyonu ile identifikasyonu ve deteksiyonu sirasiyla ISO 6887-4:2003, ISO 6579’a gore ve LCPCR ile yapildi. Yumurtalarda genel Salmonella deteksiyon oranlari ISO ve LCPCR ile sirasi ile %15.8 (16/101) ve % 46.5 (47/101) olarak belirlendi. Yuzbir ic orneginin ISO ile 11’inde (% 10.9), LCPCR ile 31’inde (% 30.7) Salmonella saptandi. Kabuk orneklerinden 6’sinda (% 5.9) ISO ile Salmonella bulunurken, 18’i (17.8 %) LCPCR ile pozitif olarak tespit edildi. Tum izolatlarin Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis oldugu belirlendi. Bu bulgular perakende A sinifi yumurtalarda Salmonella kontaminasyonunun oldukca yuksek oldugunu ve bu durumun halk sagligi acisindan onemini belirlemek ve degerlendirebilmek icin standart kultur metodu ile desteklenen PCR gibi hizli bir metotla rutin olarak izlenmesi gerektigini gostermektedir
The use of artificial substrates in monitoring mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) settlement on an exposed rocky shore in the west of Ireland

Artificial substrates were used to monitor Mytilus edulis L. settlement on an exposed rocky shore at Ballynahown, on the west coast of Ireland, from August 1984 to September 1985. Flat nylon domestic pan scourers proved to be good collectors of mussel recruits. The appearance of new modes of 300 µn shell length at times of increasing density of colonising mussels indicated direct settlement of mussel larvae from the plankton onto the pads. These modes appeared in September 1984, May 1985 and August 1985. Direct settlement periods followed the known main spawning times of adult mussels at the study site, March-April and July-August, and are consistent with settlement times ob-served on filamentous algae and adult beds on the same shore. Results from the study show that mussels of primary settlement size, 250–400 im shell length, were available to colonise newly deployed pads throughout the investigation. Furthermore, cohorts of larger mussels recruited to the pads during much of the year. The possible source of these recruiting mussels is discussed.
Accent preferences and the use of American English features in Hong Kong: a preliminary study

Abstract The current study examines the use of American English (AmE) pronunciation features among 68 English and English Language/English Education majors at an university in Hong Kong, a former British colony where British English has long been held in prestige. The AmE features examined included rhoticity, flapping, and the lack of a low back vowel distinction in the first syllable of the words such as ‘father’ vs. ‘bother’. The participants’ phonological data were analyzed in reference to their linguistic and educational backgrounds, accent preference(s), and factors impacting their linguistic choices. Findings show that while almost all the participants had some features associated with AmE, the degree to which they used AmE markers was related to their preference for AmE, which may in turn be related to the degree to which they were influenced by the American media.
Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of maxillary molar root canal morphology in a Turkish Cypriot population

ABSTRACT The aim of this retrospective study was to review, analyse and characterize the root canal morphology of maxillary molars, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), in a group of the Turkish Cypriot population. The sample for this cross-sectional study consisted of retrospective evaluation of CBCT scans of 290 adult patients (age range 16–80). The number of roots and their morphology, the number of canals per tooth and the root canal configurations were also classified according to the method of Vertucci. Pearson's chi-square test was performed for canal configurations, sides and gender (p < 0.05). Among the 373 first molars, there was no single-rooted specimen, 2 (0.53%) teeth had 2 roots, 365 (97.8%) teeth had 3 roots and 6 ones (1.6%) had 4 roots. Among the 438 second molars, 14 (3.1%) were single-rooted, 26 (5.9%) teeth had 2 roots, 392 (89.4%) teeth had 3 roots and 6 teeth (1.3%) had 4 roots. No sex difference was found in the frequency of additional canals both in the maxillary first and second molars. Occurrence of additional canals did not differ with age. These results provide detailed knowledge of the root canal anatomy of the maxillary molar teeth in this particular population, which is of clinical importance for dental professionals when performing endodontic treatment.
Life on the Leaf Litter: The Ecology of Anolis nitens tandai in the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract We studied the ecology of Anolis nitens tandai at three localities in the central and western Amazon of Brazil. The lizards were largely restricted to leaf litter microhabitats in relatively undisturbed rain forest. Activity occurred throughout the day. Body temperatures of active lizards averaged 27.7 ± 0.3 C and were similar to air and substratum temperatures in the microhabitats in which lizards were found. Microhabitats containing lizards were slightly warmer than a random set of microhabitats suggesting that the lizards selected relatively warm sites within a relatively cool forest habitat, but avoidance of treefalls suggests lizards do not seek out the warmest available microhabitats. The diet consisted mostly of grasshoppers, crickets, spiders, and insect larvae. Mean prey size increased with lizard body size, and lizards varied in how full their stomachs were. Sexual dimorphism in mass and limb length exists. Compared with other subspecies of Anolis nitens, A. n. tandai has relatively longer limbs than Anolis nitens scypheus or Anolis nitens nitens and intermediate body temperatures. Estudou-se a ecologia de Anolis nitens tandai em três localidades da Amazônia brasileira central e ocidental. Os referidos lagartos foram encontrados principalmente em microhabitats do folhiço, em floresta úmida relativamente não perturbada. Apresentaram-se ativos durante todo o dia, com uma temperatura corporal média de 27,7 ± 0,3 C, similar às temperaturas do ar e do substrato no microhabitat onde se encontravam. As temperaturas nos microhabitats contendo lagartos mostrou-se ligeiramente mais elevada que a de uma amostra aleatória de microhabitats, sugerindo que os lagartos procuram locais relativamente quentes em meio a um habitat florestal relativamente frio. Contudo, o fato de que evitam clareiras causadas pela queda de árvores sugere que eles não procuram os microhabitats mais quentes disponíveis. Dimorfismo sexual quanto à massa corporal e comprimento dos membros locomotores existe. A dieta consistiu principalmente de gafanhotos, grilos, aranhas e larvas de insetos. O tamanho médio da presa aumentou com o tamanho do corpo do lagarto, e os lagartos variaram com relação à quantidade de alimento encontrada nos estômagos. Em comparação a outras subespécies de Anolis nitens, A. n. tandai apresenta membros locomotores relativamente mais longos que Anolis nitens scypheus ou Anolis nitens nitens, e temperaturas corporais intermediárias.
Fifteen-Year Prevalence, Trajectories, and Predictors of Body Dissatisfaction From Adolescence to Middle Adulthood

Body dissatisfaction is common in adolescence and associated with negative outcomes (e.g., eating disorders). We identified common individual trajectories of body dissatisfaction from midadolescence to adulthood and predictors of divergent patterns. Participants were 1,455 individuals from four waves of Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults), a population-based, 15-year longitudinal study. Aggregate body dissatisfaction increased over 15 years, which was largely attributable to increases in weight. Growth mixture modeling identified four common patterns of body dissatisfaction, revealing nearly 95% of individuals experienced relatively stable body dissatisfaction from adolescence through adulthood. Baseline depression, self-esteem, parental communication/caring, peer dieting, and weight-based teasing predicted differing trajectories. Body dissatisfaction appears largely stable from midadolescence onward. There may be a critical period for body image development during childhood/early adolescence. Clinicians should intervene with clients experiencing body dissatisfaction before it becomes chronic and target depression, self-esteem, parent/child connectedness, and responses to teasing and peer dieting.
Residual effect of nitrogen fixed by mungbean ( Vigna radiata ) and blackgram ( Vigna mungo ) on subsequent rice and wheat crops

Annual crop legumes, grown in rotation with cereal crops, contribute to the total pool of nitrogen in the soil and improve the yield of cereals. The present study aimed at the quantification of nitrogen fixation by mungbean and blackgram using 15N isotopic dilution methodology; and the quantification of grain and nitrogen yield differences of succeeding rice and wheat crops compared with a cereal–cereal rotation. There were 2 experiments in separate fields but with the same layout: in experiment 1, rice followed the mungbean and blackgram varieties and in experiment 2, wheat followed the mungbean and blackgram varieties. Nitrogen fixed ranged from 26 to 36 kg/ha in experiment 1 and from 30 to 36 kg/ha in experiment 2. Soil nitrogen spared by legume crops ranged from 2 to 26 kg/ha in experiment 1 and from 4 to 23 kg/ha in experiment 2. Rice paddy yields were 0.6–1.1 t/ha higher in the legume–cereal rotation than in the cereal–cereal sequence. Similarly, wheat grain yields were 0.5–1.1 t/ha higher in the legume–cereal rotation.
Experimental study of microbial P limitation in the eastern Mediterranean

In this study we experimentally tested the hypothesis that phosphorus was the primary nutrient limiting phytoplankton and bacterial growth in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, and examined the spatial variability in P limitation during winter. Complementary measurements were employed using water sampled during January 1995 from nine pelagic stations east of the Straits of Sicily. Ambient concentrations of inorganic P (Pi) in the upper 50 m of the water column in seven of the stations were 20–40 nM. The upper limit of bioavailable P ranged from 6 to 18 nM, suggesting severe P shortage. Orthophosphate turnover time ranged from 2 to 7 h in those Pi‐depleted waters. In nutrient‐enrichment bioassays using subsurface water from the Ionian and Levantine basins, P addition caused significant increases in bacterial activity, bacterial numbers, and chlorophyll a relative to unenriched controls. The addition of NH4+ + Fe + EDTA did not have these effects. In a similar bioassay using Cretan water, microbial growth was obtained even in the unemriched controls, suggesting that other factors (e.g. grazing, light) were influential. Higher ambient P, concentrations were encountered in the Cretan Sea (90 nM) and in the core of the Rhodes gyre (210 nM), where our sampling coincided with a convective mixing event. In those stations, P sufficiency was indicated. We concluded that in the pelagic waters of the eastern Mediterranean in winter, P was the primary limiting nutrient when other factors (such as light or grazing) did not control microbial biomass or activity. In ultra‐oligotrophic waters, a delicate and dynamic balance differentiates between times when the microbial populations are nutrient limited and times when growth becomes limited by other factors. We caution that the interpretation of data obtained using conventional methods that were developed and tested in more enriched systems may not be valid in ultra‐oligotrophic systems.
Effect of industrial processing on amino acid content of broccoli

The levels of amino acids in broccoli stems and florets before and after various blanching times (in the case of freezing) and after bottling have been studied to elucidate to what extent nutrient quality is affected by industrial processing. The following amino acids (mg kg−1 fresh weight) were identified by ion exchange chromatography in raw broccoli florets: glutamine (1338), proline (732), asparagine (578), valine (310), arginine (296), isoleucine (204), threonine (169), leucine (166), phenylalanine (159), aspartic acid (140), lysine (127), alanine (122), tyrosine (105), S-methylcysteine (96), histidine (89), ornithine (59), glutamic acid (44), γ-aminobutyric acid (31), glycine (11) and serine (0.2). Raw stems contained the same amino acids but at lower levels (p < 0.05). The levels of all these amino acids fell during both industrial processes studied (bottling and freezing after blanching for 60, 90, 120 and 150 s), particularly in the frozen samples (losses of 50–70% in the florets and 20–50% in the stems). In summary, losses of broccoli amino acids were lower if blanching times were kept short. The optimal blanching time at 94 °C for florets and stems intended for freezing was 90 s, and this did not result in any great loss of nutritional value related to amino acid content. Bottled florets had greater nutritional value than those frozen after being exposed to the longest blanching times (120 and 150 s). © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutritive value of Stylosanthes guianensis and Lablab purpureus as sole feed for growing rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Stylosanthes guianensis and Lablab purpureus as sole feed for growing rabbit. Thirty-six cross-bred growing rabbits of mean weight 515 ± 2.3g were used for the study. The animals were randomly allotted to 3 different treatments. The animals in T1 were fed S. guanensis only, while animals in T2 and T3 were fed solely on L. purpureus and sunflower leaf (control), respectively. Feed intake and weight gain were measured on daily and weekly basis respectively. The results showed that rabbits fed S. guanensis and L. purpureus compared favourably with those fed sunflower leaf in terms of feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The results also revealed that the nutrients digestibility (dry matter, crude protein and crude fibre) were also better in rabbit fed S. guanensis and L. purpureus. The dressing percent, lung weight, heart and kidney weight were not affected by the dietary treatment.
Cranial variability in the Eastern hedgehog Erinaceus concolor (Mammalia: Insectivora)

Cranial variability was studied in 307 Eastern hedgehogs Erinaceus concolor Martin, 1838 from central and south-eastern Europe, the Near East, Middle East, and the Caucasus. The maxillary bone always contacted the nasal bone in European samples, forming a naso-maxillary suture which was mainly long (> 2 mm). In contrast, the suture was usually short (< 1‐2 mm) in hedgehogs from the Near East and Middle East, and sometimes the maxillary failed to reach the nasal bone. In the latter case, the premaxillary formed a suture with the frontal bone (length = 2.5 mm in extreme cases). Two morphotypes could be distinguished on this basis: the roumanicus morphotype (with a long suture) and the concolor morphotype (with the nasomaxillary suture short or absent). Discriminant function analysis of nine geographic samples, and based on 14 linear log-transformed skull measurements, revealed two clusters: one included four European samples of the roumanicus morphotype and the other contained three Asiatic samples of the concolor morphotype. Specimens of the roumanicus morphotype from Asia were classified as having either the concolor or roumanicus morphotype; however, on average their skull morphology suggested closer affinities with the former.
Influence of Delayed Feeding on the Performance, Development and Response of Immune System to Newcastle Disease Vaccination in Chickens

The influence of delayed feeding on the performance, development and response of immun e system to Newcastle disease vaccination were investigated. 72 day old cockerel chicks purchased from a local hatchery were used. These were at the onset divided into two groups A and B of equal numbers (n = 36) and housed separately. Group A was provided with a diet containing 25% crude protein and 2800Kcal of metabolizable energy from the day of hatch while group B was deprived of feed for the first 72 h post hatch (ph) after which they were introduced to feed and thereafter maintained on same diet as group A. Onc e feeding is commenced in each of the groups, same regimen was maintained till the end of the study. Other brooding arrangements were common to the groups. 21 days ph 12 chicks were randomly selected per group, weighed, sacrificed after which two blood samples were collected for general haematology and serum biochemistry respectively. They were then necropsied and lymphoid organs as bursa of fabricius , spleen and caecal tonsil as well as liver harvested weighed and their relative weights calculated. The remaining 24 chicks per group were then vaccinated with Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccine lasota . Five days R Our results showed that delaying feeding for up to 72 h ph does not significantly affect the growth, development and function of some organs of the immune system. Moreover, it also produced no effect on Packed Cell Volume early in life as significant variation between the two groups (p<0.05) was only observed on day 47 ph. However, our finding showed that early feeding significantly improved early response to vaccinations (p<0.05) shown by higher geometric mean antibody titre. There were no differences in organ morphology and histopathology between the two groups. The study demonstrated that early feeding could be beneficial in the response of chicks to early vaccinations but does not confer other productive advantage.
Metapopulation viability of swamp rabbits in southern Illinois: potential impacts of habitat change

Swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus) in southern Illinois exist as a metapopulation due to fragmentation of the bottomland hardwood forests in which they live. This fragmentation makes their persistence in Illinois uncertain. We used population viability analysis (PVA) to estimate the probability of persistence of the swamp rabbit metapopulation in Illinois, using a habitat suitability map we created and life history parameters drawn from the literature. We varied the parameters used in our PVA from 50% to 150% of the initial value to compare their effects on extinction risk and to direct future management and research. We tested the effects of potential habitat loss and fragmentation by 1) removing patches individually and in groups from the analysis and by 2) adding 60, 120, and 180 m to the edge of all patches. We also tested the potential effect of dispersal corridors by increasing dispersal between connected patches. Under baseline conditions, the model suggests a 0% chance of quasiextinction (90% metapopulation decline) of swamp rabbits within 25 (or even 50) years. Changes in fecundity values and the effects of catastrophic flooding had the greatest effect on extinction risk, and changes in no other parameter yielded any appreciable impact. Removing the largest patches from the population increased the 25-year risk of extinction to 4%, whereas any other modifications to the habitat did not change the extinction risk. We suggest that managers focus on sustaining habitat quality, particularly upland habitats adjacent to occupied bottomland hardwood forests to improve the likelihood of swamp rabbit persistence in Illinois.