Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elite Pipelines: How Elite School Ties Are Reflected in Interfirm Employee Migration

Recent research has pointed to pipelines, or sequenced hiring of individuals from the same source organizations over time, as a common practice employed by firms to reduce labor market imperfections and create human capital resource advantages. We extend this literature by considering how pipelines may emerge not just out of strategic intent but also out of informal social processes reflecting network transitivity and homophily. Using bipartite social network analysis techniques in a sample of 110 public U.S. electronics component manufacturers, we argue and find evidence for transitive effects between firms’ employee-based ties to elite educational institutions and the formation of interfirm employee pipelines. We demonstrate that pipelines are more likely to form between firms that both hire educational elites, especially when those firms share ties to the same elite schools and when those shared elite schools are executives’ alma mater(s). We also find that these effects tend to be more pronounced when the focal firm has higher growth potential, encouraging mobility by attracting potential elite candidates and facilitating the two-way matching process in labor markets. Our theory and findings contribute to a better understanding of informal processes underlying pipeline formation and specifically demonstrate how hiring tendencies may lead to closed recruiting networks characterized by elite replication.
Taxonomy and taphonomy of Pliocene bulimoid land snails from Māngere, northern New Zealand, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species (Gastropoda: Bothriembryontidae: Placostylinae)

ABSTRACT Two species of bulimoid land snails, Maoristylus pliocenicus n. sp. and Archaeostylus n. gen. manukauensis n. sp. , in family Bothriembryontidae, subfamily Placostylinae, are described here from fossil shells that were recovered from subsurface Kaawa Formation shelly sediments at Māngere, northern New Zealand. These fossils are of late Pliocene age (Waipipian Stage [latest Zanclean-early Piacenzian], 3.7–3.0 Ma), and are the oldest known representatives of the Placostylinae. The associated fossil fauna indicates that the land snail shells were deposited at shallow subtidal depths in a coastal inlet. The teleoconch of Maoristylus pliocenicus n. sp. has highly distinctive rugose sculpture and in this regard is very similar to modern M. etheridgei (Hedley, 1891) from Lord Howe Island. The latter taxon was described as a subspecies of M. bivaricosus (Gaskoin, 1855), but it is here treated as a separate species on account of its distinctive shell morphology. Archaeostylus n. gen. manukauensis n. sp. has apertural morphology that differs markedly from other taxa in Placostylinae. Rather than being ancestral to extant taxa it probably belonged to a sister lineage. Both it and the M. pliocenicus n. sp. lineage went extinct in New Zealand during latest Pliocene or Pleistocene time, possibly as a consequence of a cooling climate. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:68553D05-C54C-4EFE-AF08-C7E4A17E5B0C
Regulations in services sectors and their impact on downstream industries

This document presents the new 2013 set of the OECD Regulatory Impact (REGIMPACT) indicator. It measures the impact of regulatory barriers to competition in non-manufacturing sectors on all industries, through intermediate inputs. The paper describes how the indicator is calculated and discusses a number of challenges and trade-offs when constructing the indicator. They relate to the composition of the indicator, how the slow-moving or time-invariant retail and professional services regulation data are integrated with the annual energy, transport and communication regulation (ETCR) indicator and what sector weights are used for the calculation of the REGIMPACT indicator. The document then compares the 2003, 2008 and 2013 vintages of the REGIMPACT indicator and the alternative (narrow and wide) definitions of the 2013 indicator. Finally, the paper uses sectoral data to illustrate the extent to which different vintages and alternative indicator definitions can possibly influence sector-level panel regression results for outcome variables such as productivity, investment and labour inputs.
Enhanced Self-Phase Modulation in Silicon Nitride Waveguides Integrated With 2D Graphene Oxide Films

We experimentally demonstrate enhanced self-phase modulation (SPM) in silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguides integrated with 2D graphene oxide (GO) films. GO films are integrated onto Si3N4 waveguides using a solution-based, transfer-free coating method that enables precise control of the film thickness. Detailed SPM measurements are carried out using both picosecond and femtosecond optical pulses. Owing to the high Kerr nonlinearity of GO, the hybrid waveguides show significantly improved spectral broadening compared to the uncoated waveguide, achieving a broadening factor of up to ∼3.4 for a device with 2 layers of GO. By fitting the experimental results with theory, we obtain an improvement in the waveguide nonlinear parameter by a factor of up to 18.4 and a Kerr coefficient (n2) of GO that is about 5 orders of magnitude higher than Si3N4. Finally, we provide a theoretical analysis for the influence of GO film length, coating position, and its saturable absorption on the SPM performance. These results verify the effectiveness of on-chip integrating 2D GO films to enhance the nonlinear optical performance of Si3N4 devices.
Implementing technology for the purposes of observing, changing, and evaluating teacher behavior in a physical education environment /

3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
Seasonal structural changes of phloem cells in Ginkgo biloba L.

Ginkgo biloba is a non-coniferous gymnosperm tree species growing in China and widely cultivated as ornamental tree. Exploring seasonal structural changes in phloem cells of Ginkgo biloba could provide better understanding of the relationship between phloem structure and function. Stems of Ginkgo biloba saplings were sampled at regular intervals during different seasons and then prepared for observation with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Light microscopy was used for identification of non-conducting and conducting phloem and for histometric comparison between sampling dates. Ultrastructure (cell organelle presence and distribution) of phloem sieve cells and parenchyma was observed to better understand seasonal changes in phloem cells. Our results showed that most early phloem sieve cells collapsed at the end of the growing season, while most late phloem sieve cells did not collapse till the next spring. Sieve cells in the youngest phloem were characterized by square shape with larger radial diameter and slightly thicker cell walls compared to cambial cells. Their lumina were mostly empty, although some organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, plastids) could be found close to the cell walls. In the older (nonconducting) phloem the shape of sieve cells became partly collapsed with completely empty lumina. Furthermore, pores are mostly open and callose was not present on sieve plates neither in the youngest nor in the older phloem. Most phloem parenchyma cells contain large vacuoles, lipid droplets and amyloplasts, with those in the youngest phloem showing evident seasonal changes, i.e., the cytoplasm was denser in spring and winter compared to summer and autumn, and lipid droplets appeared to be at the highest density/frequency in winter compared with other seasons.In conclusion, phloem sieve cells of G. biloba undergo obvious seasonal structural changes depending on their ages, which is also in accordance with their seasonal conducting functions in these deciduous trees. Youngest phloem parenchyma cells also showed seasonal structural variation with regards to cytoplasm density and frequency of lipid droplets.
Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Hepatitis B among Volunteer Blood Donors at Jimma Blood Bank, South Ethiopia

Background Hepatitis B is a severe, widespread infectious disease of the liver that affects millions of people around the world. It is one of the life-threatening liver infections caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV is the cause of up to 80% of cases of primary liver cancer. Due to the potential risk associated with HBV infection, it is important to study the factors which are associated with the seropositive volunteers. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with seropositivity for the hepatitis B virus among volunteers who donated blood at the Jimma Blood Bank in southern Ethiopia. Methods Cross-sectional research was conducted on blood donors who came to the Jimma Blood Bank to donate their blood. Three hundred and fifty-nine volunteer blood donors who arrived at the Jimma Blood Bank were investigated face-to-face in order to collect sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for HBV infection. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 20.0. The association between the risk factor for HBV infection and HBV infection was determined using chi-square tests. Result In total, there were 359 participants; their mean age was 22.5, among which 161 (44.8%) were males. Out of 359 volunteers, 13 (3.6%) were seropositive for HBsAg. The test positivity rate among males was 7/198 (3.54%), while the rate among females was 6/161 (3.7%). More than 3/4 of those who tested positive were under the age of 40. Chi-square analysis showed that volunteers whose income was between 12 and 26.84 USD were less likely to have the infectious disease than those whose income was less than 11.84 USD per month (p=0.042). Conclusion The prevalence of HBV was found to be 3.6% among selected volunteers. It was found that, out of 20 volunteers, 13 had infection. Chi-square analysis showed that HBV infection was associated with low monthly income and the use of unsafe therapeutic injections.
How do local banks respond to natural disasters?

The increasing frequency and intensity of catastrophic natural disasters have the potential to stress and imperil banks to the point of compromised viability or even bankruptcy. Using data of approximately 907 domestic/local banks and Spatial Hazard Events and Losses Database for the United States during the period 2010–2019, we explore how natural disasters impact bank stability. Our main findings support the aforementioned hypothesis that natural disasters decrease bank stability because total deposit and equity (capital) become more volatile and the bank is prone to increased lending margins, as well as a provision of loan loss. Thus, banks lose their competitiveness, ROA deteriorates, and Z-score becomes lower. Strong corporate governance and healthy financial strategy, nevertheless, assist bank recovery in the aftermath of these weather extreme events. Last but not least, we find a non-linear relationship between natural disasters and bank stability and posit the role of indemnity paid out from the Federal insurance programme (after natural hazards) in the high-damage group.
Using Behavior-Analytic Treatment to Teach Tongue Lateralization Skills to Children With Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Oral-motor skills needed for efficient consumption of table-textured foods (e.g., tongue lateralization) often develop as children are exposed to food at increasingly higher textures (e.g., soft meltable, crunchy, and chewy; Volkert et al., 2014). For children with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID; American Psychiatric Association, 2013; World Health Organization, 2019), these oral-motor skills may not develop without intervention. We review case studies of three children diagnosed with ARFID who did not display the skills necessary for efficient consumption of regular table-textured food. We collaborated with a speech-language pathologist to identify oral-motor targets and used a behavior-analytic treatment to teach tongue lateralization skills necessary for safe and effective chewing. We used a treatment package consisting of nonremoval of the utensil with prompting and differential reinforcement to shape functional tongue movements. We discuss considerations for practitioners and the importance of individualized treatment and collaboration with other disciplines while teaching oral-motor skills necessary for chewing and consuming table-textured food.
Accounting for non-constituents in hybrid quotations: Why unquotation is not the answer

This paper addresses a serious challenge to some recent semantic accounts of quotation: the existence of ‘non-constituent hybrid quotations’, as in Vera said she was ‘very happy and incredibly relieved’ by the supreme court’s decision. These pose a threat to theories that have to make the assumption that hybrid quotations must be co-extensive with syntactic constituents. Responses to the challenge have been proposed, first a quote-breaking procedure, and subsequently unquotation. I argue that these responses fall short of providing empirically satisfactory accounts of the phenomena. Other theories of quotation are not under threat of non-constituent hybrid quotations. I single out a particular family of theories, depiction theories, which have the added advantage of doing justice to the core mechanisms at the heart of quoting.
A Lightweight NMS-Free Framework for Real-Time Visual Fault Detection System of Freight Trains

Real-time vision-based system of fault detection (RVBS-FD) for freight trains is an essential part of ensuring railway transportation safety. Most existing vision-based methods still have high computational costs based on convolutional neural networks. The computational cost is mainly reflected in the backbone, neck, and postprocessing, i.e., nonmaximum suppression (NMS). In this article, we propose a lightweight NMS-free framework to achieve real-time detection and high accuracy simultaneously. First, we use a lightweight backbone for feature extraction and design a fault detection pyramid to process features. This fault detection pyramid includes three novel individual modules using attention mechanism, bottleneck, and dilated convolution for feature enhancement and computation reduction. Instead of using NMS, we calculate different loss functions, including classification and location costs in the detection head, to further reduce computation. Experimental results show that our framework achieves over 83-frames/s speed with a smaller model size and higher accuracy than the state-of-the-art detectors. Meanwhile, the hardware resource requirements of our method are low during the training and testing process.
Security in heterogeneous wireless ad hoc networks: challenges and solutions

Wireless ad hoc networks have been widely accepted as an indispensable component of next-generation communication systems to facilitate ubiquitous network access. Although offering significant benefits, they also provide unique security challenges over their wired counterparts. Of note are the issues associated with the open network architecture, shared wireless medium, stringent resource constraints, high network dynamics, lack of trusted authorities, and so on. In this dissertation, we aim to address a number of challenging security issues in heterogeneous wireless ad hoc networks, spanning mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and wireless mesh networks (WMNs). Our contributions are mainly fivefold. First, we propose an anonymous on-demand routing protocol (MASK) to deal with malicious eavesdropping and traffic analysis attacks against MANETs deployed in hostile environments. Second, we design a secure, scalable ID-based key management scheme for MANETs to enable flexible public-key services without reliance on conventional public-key certificates. Third, we devise a secure localization scheme to ensure secure location estimates in WSNs despite malicious attacks. Fourth, we develop a suite of location-based, compromise-tolerant security mechanisms for WSNs. Last, we present an attack-resilient secure authentication and billing architecture for WMNs.
Dynamical evolution of a self-gravitating planetesimal disk in the distant trans-Neptunian region

Aims. We study the dynamical evolution of a system consisting of the giant planets and a massive planetesimal disk over the age of the Solar System. The main question addressed in this study is whether distant trans-Neptunian objects could have come about as a result of the combined action of planetary perturbations and the self-gravity of the disk. Methods. We carried out a series of full N-body numerical simulations of gravitational interactions between the giant planets and a massive outer disk of planetesimals. Results. Our simulations show that the collective gravity of the giant planets and massive planetesimals produces distant trans-Neptunian objects across a wide range of the initial disk mass. The majority of objects that survive up through the age of the Solar System have perihelion distances of q>40 au. In this region, there is a tendency toward a slow decrease in eccentricities and an increase in perihelion distances for objects with semimajor axes a>150 au. Secular resonances between distant planetesimals play a major role in increasing their perihelion distances. This explains the origin of Sedna-type objects. In our integrations for the age of the Solar System, we registered times with both high and low clustering of longitudes of perihelion and arguments of perihelion for objects with q>40 au, a>150 au. The resulting distribution of inclinations in our model and the observed distribution of inclinations for distant trans-Neptunian objects have similar average values of around 20 degrees. Conclusions. Distant trans-Neptunian objects are a natural consequence in the models that include migrating giant planets and a self-gravitating planetesimal disk.
Comparison of the performance of machine learning-based algorithms for predicting depression and anxiety among University Students in Bangladesh: A result of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to predict mental illness among university students using various machine learning (ML) algorithms. Methods: A structured questionnaire-based online survey was conducted on 2121 university students (private and public) living in Bangladesh. After obtaining informed consent, the participants completed a web-based survey examining sociodemographic variables and behavioral tests (including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 scale). This study applied six well-known ML algorithms, namely logistic regression, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminate analysis, K-nearest neighbors, Naïve Bayes, and which were used to predict mental illness among university students from Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Results: Of the 2121 eligible respondents, 45% were male and 55% were female, and approximately 76.9% were 21–25 years old. The prevalence of severe depression and severe anxiety was higher for women than for men. Based on various performance parameters, the results of the accuracy assessment showed that RF outperformed other models for the prediction of depression (89% accuracy), while SVM provided the best result than other models for the prediction of anxiety (91.49% accuracy). Conclusion: Based on these findings, we recommend that the RF algorithm and the SVM algorithm were more moderate than any other ML algorithm used in this study to predict the mental health status of university students in Bangladesh (depression and anxiety, respectively). Finally, this study proposes to apply RF and SVM classification when the prediction of mental illness status is the core interest.
Post-war British Cinema: Constructing an Imagined Community Through National Cinema

Benedict Andersons masterpiece Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism has influenced the discipline of national cinema greatly since its publication . This paper aims to decode British national cinema from the late 1940s to early 1960s to rediscover the situation of British society at that time through Andersons conception of imagined communities. Through reading closely on two representative British films A Matter of Life and Death (Emeric Pressburge, 1946) and Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (Karel Reisz, 1960), the paper portrays the great changes happened in Britain from the end of the the Second World War to the beginning of the 1960s.
Contrast-enhanced mammography predicts pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer

Introduction Recently, contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) has emerged as a reliable alternative to breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of pathological response in breast cancer patients. Our study sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CEM to predict pathological complete response (pCR) in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Methods We retrieved the medical records of patients who underwent NACT at our institution. Using post-surgery pCR, morphological evidence and CEM enhancement tumours were classified as follows: 1) radiologic complete response (rCR); 2) functional radiological complete response (frCR); and 3) non-complete response. Initially, we used multivariate analyses adjusted by clinical variables and frCR or rCR to determine which variables affected pathological response. Then, CEM diagnostic accuracy to discriminate pCR was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves in univariate and multivariate models including either frCR or rCR. Results A total of 48 patients were included in our study. Most patients (68.7%) were hormone receptor (HR)+ and 41.6% (20) of the patients achieved pCR. Using univariate logistic regression analyses we found that HR status, HER2 status, rCR and frCR had a significant impact on CEM diagnostic accuracy. Exploratory analyses found that CEM sensitivity was higher for HR− tumours. Multivariate logistic regression analyses found 60% sensitivity, 92.9% specificity and 79.2% accuracy in a model that included clinical variables and rCR. Conclusion CEM is a reliable alternative to high-cost, time-consuming breast MRI that predicts pCR in patients undergoing NACT; CEM diagnostic accuracy was higher among patients who harboured HR− tumours.