Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
P and S wave responses of bacterial biopolymer formation in unconsolidated porous media

This study investigated the P and S wave responses and permeability reduction during bacterial biopolymer formation in unconsolidated porous media. Column experiments with fine sands, where the model bacteria Leuconostoc mesenteroides were stimulated to produce insoluble biopolymer, were conducted while monitoring changes in permeability and P and S wave responses. The bacterial biopolymer reduced the permeability by more than 1 order of magnitude, occupying ~10% pore volume after 38 days of growth. This substantial reduction was attributed to the bacterial biopolymer with complex internal structures accumulated at pore throats. S wave velocity (VS) increased by more than ~50% during biopolymer accumulation; this indicated that the bacterial biopolymer caused a certain level of stiffening effect on shear modulus of the unconsolidated sediment matrix at low confining stress conditions. Whereas replacing pore water by insoluble biopolymer was observed to cause minimal changes in P wave velocity (VP) due to the low elastic moduli of insoluble biopolymer. The spectral ratio analyses revealed that the biopolymer formation caused a ~50–80% increase in P wave attenuation (1/QP) at the both ultrasonic and subultrasonic frequency ranges, at hundreds of kHz and tens of kHz, respectively, and a ~50–60% increase in S wave attenuation (1/QS) in the frequency band of several kHz. Our results reveal that in situ biopolymer formation and the resulting permeability reduction can be effectively monitored by using P and S wave attenuation in the ultrasonic and subultrasonic frequency ranges. This suggests that field monitoring using seismic logging techniques, including time‐lapse dipole sonic logging, may be possible.
A history of Indian poetry in English

A History of Indian Poetry in English explores the substance and genealogy of Anglophone verse in India from its nineteenth-century origins to the present day. Beginning with an extensive introduction that highlights the character and achievements of the field, this History includes essays that describe, analyze, and reflect on the legacy of Indian poetry written in English. Organized thematically, they survey the poetry of such diverse poets as Henry Derozio, Toru Dutt, Rabindranath Tagore, Nissim Ezekiel, Arun Kolatkar, A. K. Ramanujan, Arvind Krishna Mehrotra, Jayanta Mahapatra, Kamala Das, Melanie Silgardo, and Jeet Thayil. Written by scholars, critics, and poets, this History devotes special attention to the nineteenthcentury forbears of the astonishing efflorescence of Indian poets in English in the twentieth century, while also exploring the role of diaspora and publishing in the constitution of some of this verse. This book is of pivotal importance to the understanding and analysis of Indian poetry in English and will serve as an invaluable reference for specialists and students alike.
The Impact of College Education on Geographic Mobility: Identifying Education Using Multiple Components of Vietnam Draft Risk

We examine whether higher education is a causal determinant of geographic mobility using variation in college attainment induced by draft-avoidance behavior during the Vietnam War. We use national and state-level induction risk to identify both educational attainment and veteran status among cohorts of affected men observed in the 1980 Census. Our 2SLS estimates imply that the additional years of higher education significantly increased the likelihood that affected men resided outside their birth states later in life. Most estimates suggest a causal impact of higher education on migration that is larger in magnitude but not significantly different from OLS. Our large reduced-form estimates for the effect of induction risk on out-of-state migration also imply that the Vietnam War led to substantial geographic churning in the national labor market. We conclude that the causal impact of college completion on subsequent mobility is large and provide evidence on a range of mechanisms that may be responsible for the relationship between college education and mobility.
The Origin of Anorthosites and Related Rocks from the Lofoten Islands, Northern Norway: II. Calculation of Parental Liquid Compositions for Anorthosites

Clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and plagioclase in the Proterozoic INTRODUCTION Lofoten anorthosites are inferred to be in equilibrium with ferrodioritic Proterozoic massif-type anorthosites are huge intrusive melts, on the basis of literature partition coefficients for these phases bodies that contain hundreds to thousands of km of in equilibrium with basaltic melts. Ferrodiorites and high-Al gabbros nearly pure (>90%) plagioclase cumulates of intermediate occur as fine-grained dykes in spatial association with the ~1·8 composition (An50±10; Ashwal, 1993, and references Ga Lofoten anorthosites. They are linked to each other by an Fetherein). Most Proterozoic anorthosites are not associated enrichment fractionation trend typical of tholeiites, and they are with significant amounts of mafic or ultramafic cumulates. characterized by Al2O3 contents of 14–18·5 wt % and XFe [= They contain plagioclase that is relatively sodic (usually FeO/(FeO + MgO)] between 0·5 and 0·8. The association around An50) and this makes them distinct from other of high-Al gabbros, ferrodiorites and anorthosites is common in anorthositic rocks (Archean anorthosites, lunar anormany Proterozoic anorthosites. We infer that the high-Al gabbros thosites, anorthosites in layered intrusions), which contain to ferrodiorites represent the parental liquids from which these more calcic plagioclase. Proterozoic anorthosite comProterozoic anorthosites formed. The Lofoten rocks show fractionation plexes contain anorthosite sensu stricto (>90% plagioclase) trends that are similar to those of high-Al gabbros and ferrodiorites as well as variable amounts of leuco-gabbroic, -troctolitic from other Proterozoic anorthosite complexes. We interpret these trends and -noritic rocks which respectively may contain up to in terms of incorporation of intermediate composition plagioclase into 35% clinopyroxene, olivine or orthopyroxene. a typical tholeiitic magma with subsequent fractionation. The first The Proterozoic anorthosites of the Lofoten Islands in process produces positive Eu anomalies and the high Al2O3 contents northern Norway (Heier, 1960; Green & Jorde, 1971; of the melts, and explains the lack of negative Eu anomalies in Romey, 1971; Griffin et al., 1978; Wade, 1985) are most of the ferrodiorites from Lofoten and Laramie. associated with large amounts of temporally related intrusive mangerites, charnockites and gabbros (Markl et al., 1998). There are two different anorthosite intrusions present. One is a relatively calcic complex, which occurs on the island of Flakstadoy (Flakstadoy Basic Complex, FBC), and the other is a relatively sodic complex, which
Observations on tides in the equatorial mesosphere

Backscatter observations of the mesosphere (62–86 km), using the 50 MHz coherent scatter radar at Jicamarca, Peru (12°S, 77°W), are analyzed to obtain tidal and prevailing wind components. The observation periods are four 48-hour intervals covering December 20–22, 1976, and April 11–13, July 15–17, and October 3–5, 1977. The effects of missing nighttime data on the 12- and 24-hour estimates are taken into account. The diurnal and semidiurnal tidal components appear to show an evanescent mode or higher order propagating modes superimposed on the main diurnal (1,1) mode and the main semidiurnal (2,2) mode, respectively. There are a few indications of complete phase reversal from one height to the next, indicating the presence of standing wave patterns. The diurnal tide amplitudes never realize the amplitude growth with height predicted by theory partly due to interference effects and other loss processes at work in the upper mesosphere.
Pyroclastic edifices record vigorous lava fountains during the emplacement of a flood basalt flow field, Roza Member, Columbia River Basalt Province, USA

The 1300 km 3 tholeiitic lava flow field of the 14.98 Ma Roza Member of the Columbia River Basalt Province has the best-preserved vent system of any known continental flood basalt. Detailed geological mapping and logging of the exposed pyroclastic rocks along the >180-km-long vent system enable the reconstruction of pyroclastic edifices (partial cones) built around vents. The pyroclastic cones differ from those constructed during typical basaltic effusive eruptions and are characterized by low to moderate slope angles ( 1 km) fountains enhanced by fallout from the lower parts of convective plumes that rose above the fountains.
Effects of the Great East Japan Earthquake on Subjective Well-Being

Using a large panel data set that samples over 4000 Japanese, we analyze changes in people's subjective well-being (happiness) and altruistic worldview before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake. As a result we find that 1) more people replied that their happiness improved after the earthquake than said it worsened, and also that 2) many more Japanese people became more altruistic since the earthquake, even in the most affected areas. One possible interpretation of these results is that an increase in altruism due to the earthquake spurred people to give to charity, which in turn increased their happiness. Our regression analysis yields results that are consistent with this story.
Seasonal abundance and development of krill in the Faroe-Shetland Channel

Fisheries Research Services Marine Laboratory, PO Box 101, 375 Victoria Road Torry, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland, e-mail: A.Gallego@MARLAB.AC. UK Samples of krill were collected at three stations crossing the Faroe-Shetland Channel during the season from May 2001 until July 2002. Samples were collected down to a maximum depth of 900 m using a MIK-net. Of the ten krill species encountered in the area the large nordic krill
Endocrinology Metabolism

: It is becoming evident that oral hormonal contraceptives besides being well established contraceptives – seem to become important medications for many functional or organic disturbances. So far, clinical effectiveness has been shown for treatment as well as prevention of menstrual bleeding disorders and menstrual-related pain symptoms. Also this is true for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual disphoric disorder (PMDD).
Studies on shape, size and weight of certain weed seeds buried in the soil seed bank.

In agriculture the identification and classification of weed seeds are technically and economically important. In this work, seeds of 15 different weeds species were collected from different crop fields located in the periphery of Dera Ghazi Khan City, Pakistan. The size and weight of the collected seeds were recorded. These parameters may serve as a convenient method for identification and classification of weeds on the basis of their availability in the soil seed bank available in the soil
Historical Deposition and Microbial Redox Cycling of Mercury in Lake Sediments from the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Ontario, Canada

ii Resume iv Acknowledgements vi Acronyms and Abbreviations xii Glossary xiv List of Tables xvi List of Figures xvii Chapter 1.0: Introduction 1 1.1 Changes in Arctic and Subarctic Environments 2 1.2. Fish-Kills in the Hudson Bay Lowlands 3 1.3. Mercury Contamination 4 1.3.1. The Mercury Cycle 5 1.3. 2. Mercury in the Arctic and Subarctic Regions 5 1.3. 3 Mercury and Organic Matter 6 1.3. 3.1 Algal-Mercury Scavenging Hypothesis 7 1.3. 4 Bacterial Mercury Resistance 8 1.4 Objectives and Hypotheses 9 1.4. 1 Mercury Deposition and Organic Matter 9 1.4. 2 Bacterial Mercury Resistance 9 1.4. 3 In situ Hg(0) Production 9 1.5 References 10 1.6 List of Figures 15 Chapter 2.0: Recent Changes in Mercury Deposition and Primary Productivity Inferred from Sediments of Lakes from the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Ontario, Canada 20 2.1 Abstract 21 2.2 Introduction 21 2.3 Materials and Methods 23
State of the Art, Evaluation and Recommendations regarding "Document Processing and Visualization Techniques"

Several Networks of Excellence have been set up in the framework of the European FP5 research program. Among these Networks of Excellence, the NEMIS project focuses on the field of Text Mining. Within this field, document processing and visualization was identified as one of the key topics and the WG1 working group was created in the NEMIS project, to carry out a detailed survey of techniques associated with the text mining process and to identify the relevant research topics in related research areas. In this document we present the results of this comprehensive survey. The report includes a description of the current state-of-the-art and practice, a roadmap for follow-up research in the identified areas, and recommendations for anticipated technological development in the domain of text mining.
Influenza A ( H 1 N 1 ) 09 : another public health risk to New Zealand

Aims To investigate the demographic, accident, and environmental characteristics associated with driveway run-over injuries in order to identify potentially modifiable factors and prevention strategies. Methods Retrospective review of all children less than 15 years old who were hospitalised or killed due to a driveway run-over injury in the Auckland region of New Zealand over the 50-month period, November 2001 to December 2005. Data was collected on the demographics, accident and environmental characteristics, and parental awareness. Data was obtained from clinical records and telephone interviews with parents. Results A total of 93 cases were identified, including 9 fatalities. The median age was 2 years with 73% under 5 years old. Children of Pacific Island and Māori ethnicity comprised 43% and 25% of cases respectively. Injuries occurred predominately on the child’s home driveway (80% of cases). In 64% the driveway was the usual play area for the child. Only 13% of driveways were fenced. 51% were long driveways extending through the section, and 51% were shared with other properties. 51% of properties were rented and of these 57% were government houses. Conclusion The absence of physical separation between driveways and children’s play and living areas may predispose to driveway injuries. Further research is needed to investigate the ideal way to implement such separation in current properties and future property developments. A significant and often overlooked proportion of child pedestrian injuries occur on domestic driveways. These injuries typically involve young children and most commonly occur in the child’s own home driveway. Adding to the tragedy is the fact that the driver of the vehicle is most often a parent or close relative. Driveway injuries appear to be associated with higher mortality and less favourable outcomes than other types of child pedestrian trauma. In fatal cases, death usually occurs at the scene of the accident. Given the severity of injuries and high mortality rate, primary prevention would be desirable. Various prevention strategies have been suggested including fencing, proximity sensors, visual aid devices and public education. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the demographic, accident and environmental characteristics associated with driveway injuries in order to identify potentially modifiable factors and prevention strategies that could lead to a safer driveway environment for children.
Systematic review with meta-analysis Effectiveness and safety of orally administered immunotherapy for food allergies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of using oral and sublingual immunotherapy with food allergies is to enable the safe consumption of foods containing these allergens in patients with food allergies. In the present study, a systematic review of intervention studies was undertaken; this involved the searching of eleven international databases for controlled clinical trials. We identiﬁed 1152 potentially relevant papers, from which we selected twenty-two reports of twenty-one eligible trials (i.e. eighteen randomised controlled trials and three controlled clinical trials). The meta-analysis revealed a substantially lower risk of reactions to the relevant food allergen in those receiving orally administered immunotherapy (risk ratios (RR) 0·21, 95% CI 0·12, 0·38). The meta-analysis of immunological data demonstrated that skin prick test responses to the relevant food allergen signiﬁcantly decreased with immunotherapy (mean difference 2 2·96mm, 95% CI 2 4·48, 2 1·45), while aller-gen-speciﬁc IgG4 levels increased by an average of 19·9 (95% CI 17·1, 22·6) m g/ml. Sensitivity analyses excluding studies at the highest risk of bias and subgroup analyses in relation to speciﬁc food allergens and treatment approaches generated comparable summary estimates of effectiveness and immunological changes. Pooling of the safety data revealed an increased risk of local (i.e. minor oropharyngeal/gastro-intestinal) adverse reactions with immunotherapy (RR 1·47, 95% CI 1·11, 1·95); there was a non-signiﬁcant increased average risk of systemic adverse reactions with immunotherapy (RR 1·08, 95% CI 0·97, 1·19). There is strong evidence that orally administered immunotherapy can induce immunomodulatory changes and thereby promote desensitisation to a range of foods. However, given the paucity of evidence on longer-term safety, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, orally administered immunotherapy should not be used outside experimental conditions presently.
Bioretention Hydrologic Performance in an Urban Stormwater Network

Although many studies have evaluated the hydrologic effects of bioretention at the site-level, few have investigated the role bioretention plays when distributed throughout a watershed. This study aims to assess bioretention’s effects on an urbanized watershed in Blacksburg, Virginia by using two modeled scenarios: one where runoff from many land uses was routed through the practice, and another in which only runoff from large impervious areas was routed. Peak flows, volumes, and lag times from these models were compared to the watershed’s current and predeveloped conditions. Both scenarios provided reductions in peak flows with respect to existing conditions for modeled storm events, sometimes to levels below the predeveloped condition. Neither case was able to reduce volumes to predevelopment levels; the option to treat impervious areas had a negligible effect on runoff volume. Both cases were able to extend lag times from the existing development condition. On the basis of these results, bioretention a.
Strategy Formulation, Strategy Content and Performance

Abstract This article tests the independent effects of strategy formulation and strategy content on organizational performance. The formulation variables include rational planning, logical instrumentalism and strategy process absence, and the strategy content variables are prospecting, defending and reacting, which are derived from the work of Miles and Snow (1978). The model, which also controls for past performance and service expenditure, is tested upon forty-seven service departments in Welsh local government. The statistical results indicate that logical incrementalism and strategy absence have negative consequences for performance while prospecting and defending are strategies that are likely to result in higher levels of organizational performance. The implications of these findings for public management research are considered.
The Diets and Feeding Habits of Some Deep-Water Benthic Skates (Rajidae) in the Pacific Waters Off the Northern Kuril Islands and Southeastern Kamchatka

On the basis of shipboard analysis, the diets of 7 species of deep-benthic skates were examined: Aleutian skate Bathyraja aleutica, sandpaper skate B. interrupta, Alaska skate B. parmifera, B. matsubarai , whiteblotched skate B. maculata, whitebrow skate B. minispinosa , and Okhotsk skate B. violacea. The diet of predatory skates (Alaska skate, Aleutian skate, whiteblotched skate, nd B. matsubarai ) consisted of large crustaceans, cephalopods and fishes. Benthophagic skates (sandpaper skate, Okhotsk skate, and probably w hite row skate) consumed mainly amphipods and wor ms. The consumption of worms and crustaceans (especially small crustaceans) in diets of predatory skates declined with increasing skate size, whereas cephalopod and fish frequency of occurrence increased. For benthophage skates occurrence of amphipods in stomachs declined with increasing skate size and consumption of shrimps and other large crustaceans, as well as squids, increased.
Short-period Spectral Level of Intraplate and Interplate Earthquakes Occurring off Miyagi Prefecture

I estimate short-period spectral level of acceleration source spectra for 7 intraplate earthquakes and 4 interplate earthquakes occurring around off Miyagi prefecture. It is found that the short-period spectral level for the 2003 Miyagiken-oki earthquake ( M J 7.0 intraplate earthquake) is higher than that for the 1978 Miyagiken-oki earthquake ( M J 7.4 interplate earthquake). On the average the short-period spectral level of intraplate earthquakes occurring off Miyagi prefecture is a factor of 4 to 6 higher than an previous empirical relation for crustal earthquakes and a factor of 3 to 4 higher than that interplate earthquakes occurring off Miyagi prefecture. This feature is similar to that for intraplate and interplate earthquakes occurring off Fukushima prefecture.
Tectonic and magmatic control of hydrothermal activity along the slow‐spreading Central Indian Ridge, 8°S–17°S

The complex geology and expansive axial valleys typical of slow‐spreading ridges makes evaluating their hydrothermal activity a challenge. This challenge has gone largely unmet, as the most undersampled MOR type for hydrothermal activity is slow spreading (20–55 mm/yr). Here we report the first systematic hydrothermal plume survey conducted on the Central Indian Ridge (CIR, 8°S–17°S), the most extensive such survey yet conducted on a slow‐spreading ridge. Using a combined CTD/Miniature Autonomous Plume Recorder (MAPR) package, we used 118 vertical casts along seven segments of the CIR (∼700 km of ridge length) to estimate the frequency of hydrothermal activity. Evidence for hydrothermal activity (particle and methane plumes) was found on each of the seven spreading segments, with most plumes found between 3000 and 3500 m, generally <1000 m above bottom. We most commonly found plumes on asymmetric ridge sections where ultramafic massifs formed along one ridge flank near ridge‐transform intersections or nontransform offsets. The estimated plume incidence (ph) for axial and wall casts (ph=0.30, 35 of 118 casts) is consistent with the existing global trend, indicating that the long‐term magmatic budget on the CIR is the primary control on the spatial frequency of hydrothermal venting. Our results show that the tectonic fabric of the CIR strongly determines where hydrothermal venting is expressed, and that using only near‐axial sampling might underestimate hydrothermal activity along slow‐spreading and ultraslow‐spreading ridges. Serpentinization is a minor contributor to the plume inventory, based on 15 profiles with methane anomalies only, predominantly at depths above the local valley walls.