Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manganese carbonate formation from amorphous and nanocrystalline precursors: Thermodynamics and geochemical relevance

Abstract The thermodynamic stabilities of different manganese carbonate phases at ambient conditions were determined by acid solution and water adsorption calorimetry. Amorphous manganese carbonate precursor provides a low energy pathway for MnCO3 crystallization analogous to that observed in (Ca-Mg-Fe)CO3 systems where crystallization enthalpies appear to be controlled by cation size (become less exothermic with increase in ionic radius). The surface energy of nanophase MnCO3 (0.64 ± 0.08 J/m2 for hydrous and 0.94 ± 0.12 J/m2 for anhydrous surface) is lower than that of nano-calcite and MnCO3 binds surface water less strongly (-65.3 ± 3 kJ/mol) than calcite (-96.26 ± 0.96 kJ/mol). This probably reflects the greater basicity of CaO compared to MnO. Substantial particle size driven shifts in the MnCO3-manganese oxide Eh-pH and oxygen fugacity-CO2 fugacity diagrams were calculated using the measured surface energies. These shifts expand the stability field of hausmannite, Mn3O4, in both aqueous and anhydrous environments. The particle size driven (caused by differences in surface energy) shifts in oxidation potential (Eh, oxygen fugacity) and pH of phase boundaries could affect stability, a electrochemical and catalytic properties and hence influence geochemical and technological processes. Manganese oxides (mainly hausmannite) dominate at the nanoscale in aerated environments, while manganese carbonate is favored in coarse-grained materials and reducing environments. In supercritical CO2, the expansion of the MnCO3 stability field leads to significant reduction of the Mn3O4 stability field.
Thermal inactivation kinetics of lysozyme and preservative effect beer

Thermal stability of lysozyme in aqueous buffer solutions was studied at different temperatures (73-100°C), pH values (4.2-9.0) and levels of sucrose (0, 5%, 15%) and sodium chloride (0, 0.1M, IM). The results, fitted to a first order model and expressed in terms of decimal reduction time (D), inactivation rate constant (k), decimal reduction temperature (z) and Arrhenius activation energy (EJ indicated that lysozyme was most stable at pH 5.2, and thermal stability decreased sharply as the pH increased to 9.0. A regression equation for prediction of k as a function of temperature and pH was derived, with the best fit obtained for the model in the pH range of 5.2-7.2 (adjusted multiple 1^=0.975). At pH values of 7.2 and 9.0, sodium chloride had a clear stabilizing effect against heat inactivation of lysozyme. Sucrose stabilized lysozyme against heat inactivation at 75°C but not at 91°C. Results of the study of the thermal inactivation kinetics of lysozyme proved to be practical and useful for prediction of residual lysozyme activity in the pH and temperature range studied. Thermal inactivation kinetics of lysozyme and its potential to prevent or delay microbial growth were also investigated in beer. Lysozyme at concentrations of 10 and 50 ppm appeared to delay growth of the spoilage bacteria L. brevis and P. damnosus in beer, but did not prevent growth of the bacteria.
Testicular Cancer Awareness among Men Residing in the Maltese Islands

BackgroundTesticular cancer (TC) accounts for around one percent of all cancers in men. Early detection is of utmost importance for recovery and survivorship. Testicular self-examination (TSE) has been shown to be effective in preventing late-stage TC diagnosis. However, there is a lack of knowledge and awareness of both TC and TSE in men. Increasing such awareness may contribute towards earlier TC detection and positive outcomes. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge of a representative sample of the Maltese male population on TC and TSE. It also explores men’s willingness to learn about and perform TSE as well as their suggested approaches for TC and TSE information provision.MethodsA telephone interview approach was chosen using an interview schedule, developed based on established literature. Data were collected from a random sample of 400 male respondents aged 16 years or over and stratified according to all ages and districts of Malta. ResultsThe findings of this study indicate that Maltese males lack knowledge on TC and how to carry out TSE. Only 36.9% respondents had knowledge on how to perform TSE and 33.9% had practised TSE at least once in their lives. Higher educated, higher income and younger respondents scored better. This study also found that only 9.6% of respondents were informed by a doctor about TSE, indicating a notable gap in information provision. However, 87.3% of respondents knew that TC can be treated if identified at an early stage and 90.2% of males were ready to perform TSE on a regular basis if informed how to perform it. The majority of participants believed that increasing awareness of TC and TSE is important. ConclusionsKnowledge on TC and TSE is low in Malta. Health education campaigns are needed to inform the general population about the risks of TC and how to perform TSE. Such campaigns could improve early detection and hence a decrease in the number of advanced TC cases. The findings of this study are being used by the Ministry for Health and the Marigold Foundation to launch campaigns to raise awareness about TC and TSE.
Analysis of dual-mode hydrocarbon scramjet operation at Mach 4-6.5

Reynolds averaged Navier ‐Stokes calculations have been performed for a U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory/ Aerospace Propulsion Ofe ce scramjet combustor designed for Mach 4.0 ‐6.5 e ight. The combustor e owpath is unique in that it is entirely free of e ow obstructions with fuel injection from wall-mounted injection ports and e ameholding established by means of a recessed cavity. Calculations were performed at the minimum (Mach 4.0) andmaximum(Mach6.5)e ightdesign conditions.Thecombustoroperatedin dualmodeattheMach4.0condition. The precombustion shock train formed a region of low-momentum/separated e ow adjacent to the combustor side wall. This proved to be a primary source of e ameholding, with the recessed cavity adding additional e ameholding support. The e ow was notthermally choked at theMach 6.5 condition,resulting in very little upstream interaction. The mixing process at the Mach 4.0 e ight condition was considerably more efe cient than that seen at the Mach 6.5 condition, due primarily to the shock-induced e ow distortion and larger residence time. Even with the reduced mixing levels predicted at the Mach 6.5 condition, the combustion efe ciency was comparable to that achieved at the Mach 4.0 condition. The solutions obtained for dual-mode operation were particularly sensitive to choice of turbulence model and values specie ed for the turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt numbers. Overall, the solution sensitivity to grid resolution was small relative to the solution sensitivity to modeling uncertainties.
Stability and bulk modulus of Ni3S, a new nickel sulfur compound, and the melting relations of the system Ni-NiS up to 10 GPa

Abstract We found a new nickel sulfide that is isostructural with Fe3S. The synthesized nickel sulfide is a non-stoichiometric compound with a Ni deficiency and its composition is Ni2.90±0.5S. In situ synchrotron X-ray observations indicate that Ni3-xS forms above 5.1 GPa and melts incongruently into Ni+liquid up to 10 GPa. The bulk modulus of Ni3-xS at 300 K was determined to be 140 ± 2 GPa with a fixed K' = 4 by static compression with a liquid pressure medium. The eutectic point of the Ni-NiS system lies between Ni3S and Ni3S2 up to 10 GPa and its composition changes from Ni66.6S33. 4 at 0.1 MPa to Ni70.7S29. 3 at 10 GPa. The eutectic melting temperature of the Ni-NiS system decreases to 5.1 GPa and 720 K as the pressure increases where Ni and α-Ni3S2 are the eutectic solids. On the other hand, the eutectic melting temperature increases with a positive slope above 5.1 GPa where Ni3S+α-Ni3S2 is stable under subsolidus conditions. Intermediate compounds appear at a lower pressure in the Ni-NiS system than that for the Fe-FeS system. Ni3S2 is stable at atmospheric pressure and Ni3S forms at 5.1 GPa, whereas Fe3S2 and Fe3S form at 14 and 20 GPa, respectively. The addition of Ni complicates the melting relationship in the Fe-FeS system at high pressure because of the wider stability field of Ni3S. The low-melting temperature of the Fe-Ni-S system plays an important role in the percolative core-formation of planetesimals during planetary accretion.
Sundathelphusa prosperidad, sp. n. (decapoda: brachyura: gecarcinucidae), a new cave-obligate freshwater crab from Mindanao Island, the Philippines, with notes on the conservation status of Philippine cave species

A new species of cave-obligate freshwater crab of the genus Sundathelphusa Bott, 1969 (Gecarcinucidae) from Agusan del Sur, Philippines is described. The new species is morphologically close to S. hades Takeda and Ng, 2001 but distinctly differs in the shape of carapace and gonopods. Although the new species is found close to the type locality of S. hades, the morphological features are distinct and their habitats are separated by an extension of the Philippine faultline and Oligocene-Miocene volcanic deposits. Six Sundathelphusa species having true troglobiomorphic characters are now recorded from caves in the Philippine archipelago.
Metal accumulation and physiological responses induced by copper and cadmium in Lemna gibba, L. minor and Spirodela polyrhiza

Abstract The effects of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) stress on antioxidant enzyme activities, pigment (total chlorophyll and carotenoid), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total soluble protein contents were determined in Lemna gibba L. , Lemna minor L. and Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid under laboratory conditions. Cd and Cu were separately applied at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.5 mg L-1 for 96 hours. The results of this study showed that Cd and Cu affected the physiological status of L. gibba, L. minor and S. polyrhiza. Decreased total chlorophyll and increased total soluble protein contents were evident in S. polyrhiza under Cu and Cd exposure. Cd treatment caused increased MDA contents in L. minor (0.5 and 1.5 mg L-1) and S. polyrhiza (0.5 mg L-1), while exposure to Cu caused an increase only in S. polyrhiza (0.05 and 0.1 mg L-1). Catalase (CAT) activity showed increases only in L. minor under Cd and Cu treatment. For ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, significant effects of Cu and Cd were determined in L. gibba. However, no significant changes were observed in L. minor treated with Cu and Cd (except for at 1.5 mg L-1). APX activity started to increase at 0.5 mg L-1 Cd in S. polyrhiza. Guaiacol peroxidase (POD) activity significantly increased in all plants (with a few exceptions in S. polyrhiza) under Cd and Cu exposure. According to principal component analysis, the three plant species were separated from each other on the basis of activities of antioxidant enzymes (L. gibba), pigment contents (L. minor), MDA and soluble protein contents (S. polyrhiza).
Convective Heat Transfer in Impinging- Gas- Jet Arrangements

The paper deals with heat transfer by convection between impinging gas jets and solid surfaces. It considers both single and multiple jet systems. It emphasizes the flow and geometrical parameters as well as the environment conditions at which the jet emerges. In particular, it points out the effect of the jet tilting, thermal entrainment and jet confinement. ASN and ARN schemes are illustrated through industrial and aeronautical applications. Design correlations are proposed. Experimental data obtained from infrared thermography are compared to CFD simulations.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP RETENSI KARYAWAN PT. AEROFOOD ACS KOTA SURABAYA

PT. Aerofood ACS Kota Surabaya adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam pelayanan jasa boga penerbangan garuda. Yang berada di daerah Jawa Timur yang beralamat lengkap di Jl. Sedati Kulon, Segoro Tambak, Kecamatan Sedati, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur.PT. Aerofood ACS Kota Surabaya mengharapkan setiap pegawai dapat menjalankan tugasnya. Sehingga dengan memberikan motivasi dan kompensasi membuat karyawan semangat dan bertahan di PT.Aerofood ACS Cabang Kota Surabaya.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan studi pustaka. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif dan metode statistik analisis regresi linier berganda. Data primer pada penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner menggunakan skala pengukuran likert. Data yang terkumpul diolah dengan menggunakan program komputer SPSS For Window versi 22.00. Penelitian ini menggunakan 83 responden sebagai sampel penelitian yang diambil berdasarkan karyawan PT. Aerofood ACS Kota Surabaya.Hasil penelitian berdasarkan analisis regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa variabel motivasi dan kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap retensi karyawan pada PT. Aerofood ACS Kota Surabaya.
Comparaison de l'activité bactéricide et levuricide in vitro de bains de bouche, dans des conditions représentatives de l'usage

L'activite bactericide et levuricide de cinq bains de bouche representatifs des principes actifs couramment utilises en antisepsie bucco-dentaire a ete evaluee in vitro, dans des conditions representatives de celles de la pratique (presence de substances interferentes : eau dure pour les produits utilises dilues - matieres organiques ; temperature de contact : 32°C ; temps de contact : 1 min) vis a vis de souches bacteriennes cariogenes et parodontopathogenes, ainsi que vis-a-vis de C. aibicans. Seuls les 2 produits a base de digluconate de chlorhexidine se revelent bactericides et fongicides. L'efficacite observee est similaire malgre la difference de concentration en principe actif et de conditions d'utilisation entre les 2 produits (produit a 0.2% utilise pur ; produit a 0.1% utilise apres dilution au 1/3) et homogene vis-a-vis de l'ensemble des souches testees. Le produit contenant du chlorure de cetylpyridinium est inactif vis-a-vis de l'ensemble des souches testees. Les produits a base d'hexetidine ou de fluoroamines associees au fluorure de zinc sont caracterises par des spectres d'activite tres heterogenes.
Putative 3D Structure of QcrB from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cytochrome bc1 Complex, a Novel Drug-Target for New Series of Antituberculosis Agent Q203

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still a serious world health problem. There is an urgent need for an effective drug against rapidly arising multiple-drug resistant M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant M. tuberculosis (XDR-TB) strains. Q203 was recently reported as the most promising M. tuberculosis agent, which is also active against MDR-TB and XDR-TB. The cyto-chrome b subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex (QcrB) was identified as a drug target in M. tuberculosis (Rv2196) for Q203. Herein, we have built the homology models of M. tuberculosis QcrB WT and T313A mutants using the X-ray structures of other species' QcrB as templates: Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Paracoccus denitrificans, yeast and bovine. The model with the best quality based on the structural validation results was selected for docking and used for analyzing Q203-binding mode. These insightful information will be beneficial to the further development of imidazo pyridine amide series as novel antituberculosis drugs.
Pharmacokinetic study of dADT and acetylizad dADT,metabolites of tribendimidine in human

Objective To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of dADT and acetylizad dADT,metabolites of tribendimidine,in human. Methods Eight healthy subjects were given 400 mg tribendimidine enteric- coated tablets. The concentration of dADT and acetylizad dADT in plasma were determined by LC- MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS 2. 0 software. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of dADT and acetylizad dADT were as follows: t1 /2were( 5. 38 ± 2. 15) h and( 7. 09 ± 2. 06) h; T max were( 5. 25 ± 1. 25) h and( 7. 13 ± 2. 42) h; C max were( 449. 38 ±136. 41) ng·mL- 1and( 148. 30 ± 117. 13) ng·mL- 1; AUC0 ~ 36were( 4 655. 04 ± 1113. 24) ng·mL- 1·h and(1 904. 93 ±976. 81) ng·mL- 1·h; AUC0 ~ ∞were( 4 768. 90 ± 1 158. 38) ng·mL- 1·h and( 1 989. 49 ±1 014. 42) ng·mL- 1·h,respectively. Conclusion The pharmacokinetic process of p-( 1- dimethylamino ethylimino) aniline and acetylizad p-( 1-dimethylamino ethylimino) aniline in healthy volunteers after orally administrated 400 mg tribendimidine enteric- coated tablets both fitted to one- compartment model with weight coefficient of 1 / cc. They could be absorbed and distributed rapidly.
Diferencias de sexo en factores de riesgo de violencia filio-parental

Resumen: La violencia filio-parental (VFP) ha suscitado un enorme interés académico. Pese a ello, pocos estudios comparan los factores de riesgo de chicos y chicas implicados en estas agresiones a sus progenitores. El presente trabajo compara 56 chicos y 35 chicas agresores evaluados con la Guía para la Valoración del Riesgo de Violencia Filio-Parental (RVFP). Las chicas provenían de forma significativa de contextos más problemáticos (con bidireccionalidad de la violencia, violencia entre los progenitores, problemas de convivencia y problemas en los progenitores) y tenían significativamente menos autoestima. Los chicos presentaron significativamente más historial de problemas de abusos de sustancias y mayor escalada en la violencia. En conjunto, ambos sexos presentaban prevalencias similares en la mayoría de las variables, su violencia era comparable (aunque las lesiones a los padres fueron exclusivas de los chicos) y las familias eran más problemáticas en ellas. La predicción de las lesiones a la madre con la puntuación del RVFP fue significativa en el caso de los varones (AUC = .842) pero no en el caso de ellas (AUC = .660). Los resultados justifican el uso de tratamientos y herramientas comunes en chicos y chicas implicados en VFP, aunque se discuten desarrollos aún necesarios en la materia. Palabras clave: Violencia filio-parental; Diferencias de sexo; Factores de riesgo; Evaluación del riesgo de violencia. Title: Gender differences in child-to-parent violence risk factors. Abstract: Child-to-parent violence (CPV) has attracted enormous academic interest. Despite this, few studies compare the risk factors between female and male perpetrators of this abuse toward parents. This paper compares 56 male and 35 female CPV offenders, evaluated with the Child-toParent Violence Risk assessment tool (CPVR). Results show that girls came from significantly more problematic contexts (with bidirectionality of violence, violence between parents, cohabitation problems and personal problems of parents, and had significantly lower self-esteem. Boys had significantly more histories of substance abuse issues and greater rates of escalation of violence. Overall, both sexes had similar prevalence rates for most variables, the type of violence committed was comparable (although injuries toward fathers were only perpetrated by boys), and female perpetrators had more problematic families than their male counterparts. CPVR scores significantly predicted injuries toward the mother for male offenders (AUC = .842), but not for female offenders (AUC = .660). These results support the use of common treatments and tools for female and male CPV offenders. Future steps and developments in the field are also discussed.
Effects of fallow or planting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fertilizing P or fertilizing P and N practices on soil carbon and nitrogen in a low-organic-matter soil

ABSTRACT Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are important for maintaining soil fertility, and they are considerably affected by soil use and management. In the present study, we conducted an 8-year ﬁeld experiment on loessial dryland soil (Eum-Orthic Anthrosol, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)) in the southern Loess Plateau, China. We tested four soil management regimes—i.e., winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation with phosphorus (P) fertilization (WP), winter wheat cultivation with N and P fertilization (WNP), natural fallow (NF) and bare fallow (BF)—to evaluate their effects on soil C and N fractions. After 8 years, compared with the WNP treatment, the total soil organic nitrogen (SON) in the WP treatment decreased by 14.6% and 36.8%, and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) by 35.6% and 61.1%, at 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil depths, respectively. The soil heavy fraction nitrogen (HFN) and light fraction nitrogen (LFN) in the WP treatment also decreased by 36.6% and 39.4%, respectively. Furthermore, BF treatment decreased total soil organic carbon (SOC), heavy fraction carbon (HFC), LFN and MBN at both soil depths with average reductions of 43.4%. The NF treatment decreased light fraction carbon (LFC) by 17.0% at 0–20 cm soil depth, as well as MBN by 24.8% and 71.2%, and inorganic C by 29.1% and 23.8%, at 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil depths, respectively. There was no significant difference of microbial biomass C concentration among the WP, NF and BF treatments. These results confirmed that a lack of N fertilization decreased SON, BF reduced both SOC and SON, and NF decreased soil inorganic C. Therefore, the managements of a recommended rate of N fertilizer application and shortened time of bare fallow are critical for maintaining or increasing SON fraction sequestration, and natural fallow management is not a useful method for maintaining soil fertility in dryland in the Loess Plateau in China. Abbreviations: HFC: heavy fraction carbon; HFN: heavy fraction nitrogen; LFC: light fraction carbon; LFN: light fraction nitrogen; MBC: microbial biomass carbon; MBN: microbial biomass nitrogen; SOC: soil organic carbon; SON: soil organic nitrogen
Twin Induced Sensitivity Enhancement of HMX versus Shock: A Molecular Reactive Force Field Simulation

We report the early events of a twinned HMX crystal, as well as a perfect one for a comparison purpose, shocked with various velocities in the range of 6–10 km/s for 50 ps by molecular dynamic simulations using the ReaxFF reactive force field and the multiscale shock technique. The simulations show that the twin enhances the shock sensitivity remarkably, in agreement with our recent experimental observation. That is, it exhibits a lower shock initiation stress, higher decomposition velocities, more temperature, and stress increases under the same shock conditions, relative to the perfect crystal. In addition, we find the twinning plane is hottest and the temperature decreases in terms of the distance apart from it after shock loaded earlier, suggesting possible hot spots preferred there.
Programs-Based Overview of Income and Social Support Programs for Working-Age Persons in British Columbia

In this paper, we conduct a deep-dive into federal and provincial income and support programs available to B.C. residents. We look at individual program requirements and gaps between programs. Focusing on cash transfers, we examine how programs align with basic income principles of simplicity, respect, economic stability, and social inclusion, finding that programs delivered through the tax system are more closely aligned with basic income principles than provincial social assistance; however, social assistance plays a large role in the income and social support system. We also examine the ability of cash transfer programs and programs intended to provide support in a crisis offered in B.C. to address income poverty, both rates and depths, as well as poverty cycles.