Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The induction and regulation of CD4 T cells following respiratory syncytial virus infection

The migration of pathogen-specific T cells into nonlymphoid tissues, such as the lung, is critical to control peripheral infections. The use of in vivo intravascular labeling of leukocytes has allowed for improved discrimination between cells located in the blood from cells present within peripheral tissues such as the lung. This is particularly important in the lung, which is comprised of an intricate network of blood vessels that harbor a large proportion of the total blood volume at any given time. Recent work has demonstrated that >80% of lung antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells remain in the pulmonary vasculature following an intratracheal infection with a systemic viral pathogen. However, it remains unclear what proportion of CD4 T cells are located within the lung tissue following a localized respiratory viral infection. Similar to effector and memory CD8 T cells, I observed that the majority of lung effector CD4 T cells are found in the vasculature after an intranasal infection with the systemic pathogens lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and vaccinia virus (VACV). In contrast, following pulmonary viral infections with either RSV or IAV, 70-85% of the antigen-specific and the majority of regulatory CD4 T cells were located within the lung tissue. Furthermore, the conventional and regulatory CD4 T cells in the lung were enriched in increased expression of activation-associated proteins and cells that had undergone proliferation following RSV infection. My results indicate that CD4 T cells exhibit significantly altered distribution patterns dependent upon the tissue tropism of the infection and activation status of the cell.
Contrast sensitivity assessment in different age group in medium and high spatial frequency

Objective: To compare contrast sensitivity in different age groups: 20 to 25, 40 to 45 and above 60 years old. Methods: We performed a cross sectional study with individuals of different ages, with visual acuity better than 20/25, without eye disease and without prior eye surgery. Visual acuity was measured by Snellen test and contrast sensitivity was evaluated by OPTEC 3500P(r) equipment. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon test, considering a 95% confidence interval. Results: Compared to patients between 20 and 25 years old, patients between 40 and 45 years old did not presented decreased contrast sensitivity in any of evaluated frequencies. When compared to patients between 40 and 45 years old, patients over 60 years old presented decrease in contrast sensitivity at frequencies of 6,0 to 12,0 cpg in diurnal mode and 3,0 to 18,0 cpg in nocturnal mode. But when compared to patients between 20 and 25 years, patients older than 60 years old showed contrast sensitivity decreased in the frequencies of 3,0 to 18 cpg in diurnal mode and at all frequencies in nocturnal mode. Conclusion: Contrast sensitivity seems to decrease with age, after 45 years old, especially in middle and high spatial frequencies. This condition may affect reading, direction and mobility, as well as other daily activities.
Ionomic Analysis of Horticultural Plants Reveals Tissue-specific Element Accumulation

Ionomic analysis was performed in three diverse fruit crops in order to characterize element concentrations in edible parts and to compare element concentrations between edible parts and vegetative organs and between species. Nineteen elements, including elements essential for human health, toxic elements, and elements with radioisotopes from nuclear reactors, were analyzed in apple (Malus domestica), Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia), eggplant (Solanum melongena), and edamame (Glycine max). The concentrations of elements were shown as basic information needed for biofortification, and high mobilities depending on plant species were found for some elements whose mobilities are believed to be low. Classification of element profiles into the leaf (or the leaf blade) and other organs containing edible parts, except the calyx, by principal component analysis revealed similarity in the element concentrations across species. The present study may contribute to progress in the ionomic studies of fruit crops.
Feasibility of a cardiac drug screening platform using electrocardiography in freely behaving larval zebrafish

Introduction: Larval zebrafish have gained interest in recent years as a model for phenotypic cardiac drug screening. Current methods to record larval zebrafish electrocardiograms (ECGs) are unsuitable for high throughput drug screening. Studies on larval zebrafish ECG waveforms are also inconsistent. Optimally, ECGs would be obtained from freely swimming zebrafish, to enable concurrent behavioral drug screening. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of recording larval zebrafish ECGs at a distance in a microwell based system, and to explain waveform differences in reported larval zebrafish ECGs. Methods and results: A glass micropipette recording method was first successfully implemented. ECGs were characterized, suitable filtering determined and noise levels measured. Better signals were obtained with small electrode tips and electrode positioning had large effects on ECG morphology. The drugs, atropine and propranolol, were shown to decrease heart rates while noradrenaline had no effects. Next, wells with built in silver-silver chloride (Ag-AgCl), platinum or gold electrodes were tested. The wells were unsuccessful at recording ECGs even with paralyzed zebrafish in direct electrode contact. Furthermore, a rapid decrease in signal amplitude with distance was demonstrated using a signal generator and larval zebrafish. Ag-AgCl electrodes in direct contact were unsuccessful at recording ECGs, but small monomorphic ECG signals were obtained with platinum electrodes. Conclusion: Differences in reported ECGs are likely due to electrode size and positioning, as well as different ages of larval zebrafish. Rapid signal decrease with distance, large electrode size and short circuiting between recording electrodes in solution are the key problems with conventional metal electrodes. Recording freely swimming larval zebrafish ECGs is, therefore, technically difficult unless using other electrode technology. We thus propose novel microfluidic designs as a solution to larval zebrafish cardiac drug screening.
QUALITY EVALUATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF BEEF BURGER PREPARED WITH CRUDE ISOFLAVONES EXTRACT, BHA AND ROSEMARY EXTRACT

The current study was carried out to evaluate the use of crude isoflavones (CIE), crude rosemary extract (CRE), butylated hydroxy anisol (BHA) and CIE plus CRE, as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in manufacture of beef burgers during frozen storage at -18oC for three monthes. The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the CIE, CRE, BHA and CIE plus CRE, were evaluated in beef burger by measuring pH, tiobarbituric Acid (TBARS) values, unsaponifiable matter, texture profile, sensory and microbiological examinations. The results showed that extracts derived from soybean (CIE) and rosmary (CRE) leaves had the potential to reduce the oxidation of beef burgers and extend their shelf life. The combination composed of 0.03% of CIE and 0.06% of CRE provided the most effective antioxidative activity in terms of TBARS values until the latter stages of storage. The combined extracts showed good antibacterial activity againist total bacterial count, coliform, staphylococous and E. coil that led also to enhance extension of beef burger shelf life. The availability of these natural antioxidants and their possible synergistic effects suggests an interesting way of improving beef burger stability to prevent the degenerative diseases caused by fat oxidation products.
Assessment of genetically modified potato lines resistant to potato virus Y using compositional analysis and molecular markers.

Transgenic potato lines expressing the coat protein gene for potato virus Y (CP-PVY) were evaluated in field trials under artificial infection with the potato virus Y. Nine different transgenic potato lines of the Desiree cultivar and non-transgenic controls were screened with 11 different RAPD primers and five AFLP primer pairs for the identification of genomic changes associated with the transformation process. Results of field trials provided evidence both for the expression of the resistance trait and for the occurrence of limited but consistent morphological, physiological and yield variation, as compared with control plants regenerated from dedifferentiated culture without transformation (control). Four of the nine transgenic potato lines of the Desiree cultivar showed consistent resistance to potato virus Y. Most transgenic plants showed genomic homogeneity among controls and verified minor genomic changes within the transgenic lines. The results obtained in this study confirm those achieved in similar studies in other plant species regarding the abundance and use of molecular markers in identifying transgenic potato lines harboring the resistant gene. Another aim of this study was to estimate the substantial equivalence of genetically modified (GM) potato Desiree lines compared to that of conventional non-transgenic potato Desiree cultivars (control group) through determination of nutritional composition parameters such as: protein, ash, fiber, fat, moisture, amino acids profile, All tested chemical parameters showed that there were no significant differences between the results obtained from the tested samples and those of the control sample. From these results, it can be concluded that GM potato Desiree lines (PVY 4, PVY5, PVY23 and PVY31) harboring the Cp-PVY gene are equivalent in its effect as the non-GM potato Desiree cultivar.
Seed quality of some cloning of agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) in Trad Province area.

Five clonings of agarwood fruit were collected from Bor Rai and Khaw Saming District, Trad Province. The fruit and seed physical characteristics were observed. The fruit changed the colour from green or yellow-green to gray or dark brown and found the fruit dehiscence when fruit was subsequently placed in ambient condition of 10, 20 and 25 days after 10C temperature storages. The extracted seed of all cloning were obtained the high seed moisture content of 36 to 52 % and high seed viability at 100 % after low temperature storage. However, the seed viability of extracted seed of Bor Rai 4 and Khaw Sming 4 decreased after 20 and 25 days storage. This study was confirmed that agarwood seed was the recalcitrant seed performance which a very sensitive to desiccation. The low temperature storage for agarwood fruit was the most effective method for a significantly maintaining high seed moisture and high seed quality.
ON THE PLEOMETROTIC ROUTE OF SOCIAL EVOLUTION IN THE VESPIDAE

SUMMARY In my studies on some subtropical and tropical polistine wasps (Hymenoptera), it was shown that (i) social relations among cofoundresses are far milder than those reported so far in other polistine wasps, (ii) more than one female often lay eggs in a nest even after the emergence of the first brood females (workers), and (iii) aggressive behaviours among females of two Mischocyttarus and possibly one or two Ropalidia species drastically escalate after the emergence of first brood adults (this is considered to occur between the foundresses and their daughters). These observations suggest a hypothesis that the permanently pleometrotic (multi-queen) societies in the vespids evolved through a selfish aggregation of foundresses and manipulation of daughter wasps by the group of foundresses. The switch-over from functional differentiation among communally nesting females to mother-daughter caste systems suggested by MICHENER (1958, 1974) can be explained, in part, by this hypothesis.
Impact of mindfulness training on in-the-moment attentional control and emotion dysregulation in older adults: secondary analysis of a pilot, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial

Abstract Mindfulness-based interventions show increasing promise for improving attention and emotion regulation— processes that critically support healthy aging. Given their complex, multi-faceted nature, identifying specific aspects of attention and emotion regulation that are modifiable with training in older adults, particularly compared with active control groups, is an ongoing challenge. We performed pre-registered, secondary analyses of a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of a four-week mindfulness-based attention training (MBAT) group and a lifestyle education (LifeEd) active control group on attention and emotion dysregulation in older adults. Differential training outcomes were assessed for: (a) in-the-moment effects of mind-wandering on sustained attention, measured by performance decrements preceding self-reported mind-wandering, and (b) self-reported emotion dysregulation. Baseline working memory (WM) performance was tested as a moderator of training effects. There were no significant between-group differences for change in in-the-moment effects of mind-wandering on attention or emotion dysregulation. However, baseline WM moderated training effects, such that older adults with higher WM showed greater reductions in emotion dysregulation following mindfulness training. This has potential implications for identifying aging cohorts that may benefit most from this type of training.
An Analysis of Heterosis in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.)

The introduction of hybrid and exploitation of heterosis has played a vital role in Indian sericulture industry, which clearly depicts a quantum jump in silk production during the last four decades. Since, the introduction of heterosis, progress in silkworm breeding has depended on success or failure in identifying better combiners. Systematic procedures developed have enabled the breeders to identify the best combiners by combining ability test, line ${\TIMES}$ tester analysis or analysis for maximum expression of heterosis. The level of heterosis expressed in the crossbreed population is determined by the interaction between genotype and prevailing environmental factors. Except some of the pre and post cocoon parameters, heterosis is invariably higher in single crosses compared to three-way and double crosses. However, during hot and humid season, when rearing of F1 bivoltine hybrid is unsuccessful at field level and indigenous races results in very low and poor quality yield, three-way and double crosses can play an important role as an intermediary technology. The objective of this article is to review briefly the concept and causes of heterosis, utilization of different forms of heterosis in silk production and its significance in silkworm, Bombyx mori breeding.
A Critical Hermeneutics Analysis of SME ERP Implementation Project Management Practices

Numerous Critical Success Factors (CSFs) have been identified in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) projects. Project Management is one of the few CSFs that appear in both large and small business ERP implementation studies. Few studies further investigate project management processes in ERP implementation project in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) context. Professional bodies like Project Management Institute (PMI) have developed an extensive list of processes at various stages of projects, however, it is not clear whether all recommended processes apply in an SME ERP implementation project. This warrants further investigations to understand how project management processes and activities in various project management knowledge areas would contribute to ERP implementation success in SMEs. Critical hermeneutics will be used for interpreting the text and making sense of the prevalent contradictory views of various stakeholder groups in SME ERP implementation projects around implementation success, best-fit project management lifecycle approach, and project management practices.
A Study of Student Anxiety towards Research in Two Undergraduate Programmes in a Ghanaian University

There seem to be considerable anxiety among students who take introductory research methods classes across disciplines in tertiary institutions in many parts of the world. This is against the back drop of the recognition that research methods ought to be a core component in many undergraduate degree programmes. Indeed, the requirements of presenting research papers and engaging in varied forms of research are integral to any successful tertiary education. (Onwuegbuzie & Daley 1999; Murtonen & Lehtinen 2003; Onwuegbuzie & Wilson 2003; Murtonen, 2005; Crooks, Castleden & Van Meerveld, 2010). However, Papanastasiou, 2005; Papanastasiou and Zembylas, 2008, among others have reported the negative perceptions and anxiety introductory research methods courses engender among students across disciplines. This is worrying because of the importance research and critical thinking plays in meaningful academic pursuits, professional growth and everyday life.
Consumptive Water Use of Irrigated Pecans

Water-use characteristics of irrigated pecan trees [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] were evaluated in 7 commercial orchards in the El Paso—Las Cruces valleys. Test trees (8- to 35-years-old) were surface-irrigated ‘Western’, having various sizes (13–53 cm in trunk diameter) and planting densities (60–120 trees/ha). A neutron moisture probe was used for evaluating soil water depletion. Soil water depletion below a depth of 100 cm was minimal and independent of the horizontal distance from tree trunks except in young trees. Consumptive water use was highly dependent of tree size and planting density, and close-spaced, full-grown trees used 100 to 130 cm per season. Based on these field data, an empirical equation was developed for computing crop coefficients and consumptive use from trunk diameters, planting densities, and weather data.
Hyaluronan and Syndecan-1 Localization in the Swamp Buffalo Oviduct

บทคดยอ ไกลโคสอะมโนไกลแคนสทพบในเนอเยอและของเหลวทคดหลงภายในทอนำไขของสตวเลยงลกดวยนม มอทธพลตอกระบวนการปฏสนธในลกษณะทแตกตางกน เชน กลไกการกกเกบเซลลอสจ การรกษาสภาพมชวตและการคาปาซเตชนของเซลลอสจ การศกษานจงมวตถประสงคเพอตรวจหาและยนยนการปรากฏของไฮยารแนนและซนดแคนสในทอนำไขกระบอปลก ซงประกอบดวยรอยตอของทอนำไขกบปกมดลก อสธมส แอมพลลา และอนฟนดบลมในวงรอบการเปนสดโดยวธทางฮสโตเคมและอมมนโนฮสโตเคม การปรากฏของไกลโคสอะมโนไกลแคนสชนดทไมมซลเฟตหรอไฮยาลโรแนน พบไดชดเจนภายในชนเนอเยอเกยวพนใตเยอบ ขณะทผลการตดสบวกของไฮยาลโรแนนในเยอบพบไดทบรเวณรอยตอของทอนำไขกบปกมดลกและอสธมสระยะฟอลลคลารเทานน ในทางตรงกนขาม ตวอยางการปรากฎของไกลโคสอะมโนไกลแคนสชนดทมซลเฟต นนคอ ซนดแคน-1 ปรากฏทเยอบของทอนำไขทกสวนและทกระยะของการเปนสด อยางไรกตาม การตดสบวกทบรเวณผวบนของแนวเยอบปรากฏชดเจนทบรเวณรอยตอของทอนำไขกบปกมดลกและอสธมส ดงนน การศกษาในครงนยนยนเปนครงแรกวา ไกลโคสอะมโนไกลแคนสทงชนดทไมมซลเฟตและมซลเฟต สามารถพบไดในเนอเยอทอนำไขของกระบอปลก การปรากฏอยางชดเจนของไฮยาลโรแนนทพบบรเวณรอยตอของทอนำไขกบปกมดลกและอสธมส อาจระบถงกลไกการทำงานบางอยางของไฮยาลโรแนนเพอสรางทกกเกบเซลลอสจและเพอคงสภาพการมชวตของเซลลอสจกอนการตกไข ขณะท การปรากฏของซนดแคน-1 อาจมบทบาทสำคญในกลไกการยดตดของเซลลอสจกบเยอบทอนำไขและกลไกเรมตนของการคาปาซเตชน คำสำคญ: คาปาซเตชน ไกลโคสอะมโนไกลแคนส ทอนำไข การมชวตของอสจ กระบอปลก Abstract The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) found in the mammalian oviductal tissue and luminal secretory fluidinfluence the fertilization processes in various patterns such as sperm storage, viability and capacitation. The aim ofthis study was to confirm the appearance of hyaluronan and syndecan-1 in the swamp buffalo oviduct consisting ofuterotubal junction (UTJ), isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum during oestrous cycle using histochemical andimmunohistochemical techniques. The non-sulphated GAGs, i.e. hyaluronan (HA), were noticeably localized in thesubepithelial connective tissue layer or lamina propria of all segments while the epithelial HA-positive staining wasdemonstrated only in the UTJ and isthmus (sperm reservoir) at the follicular phase. In contrast, the example of thesulphated GAGs, i.e. syndecan-1, were seen along the epithelial lining of all portions and both oestrous stages,however, the syndecan-1 positive labeled on the epithelial lining surface was intensely observed only in the UTJ andisthmus. Therefore, the present results established for the first time that non-sulphated and sulphated GAGs certainlycontained in the swamp buffalo oviductal tissue. The noticeable localization of HA in the UTJ and isthmus mightindicate the regulation of HA in the forming of sperm reservoir to maintain viability of spermatozoa before ovulationwhereas the expression of syndecan-1 may play a vital role in the regulation of sperm adhesion and the initiation ofsperm capacitation. Keywords: capacitation, glycosaminoglycans, oviduct, sperm viability, swamp buffalo
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND PCR DIAGNOSTC TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS IN DIFFERENT TISSUES OF PROCAMBARUS CLARKII

In May 2006, mass mortalities among collected freshwater crayfish from Eshnawai and Kafr Salem El-Nakal drains in Tanta City, El- Gharbia Province, Egypt have been observed. This case is known as white spot disease, based on the characteristic white spots on the cuticle of diseased crayfish. Thus, in this study histopathological and PCR techniques were used for detection of WSSV in diseased crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Histological studies of moribund specimens revealed degenerated cells, characterized by hypertrophied nuclei in various tissues including gills, anntenal gland and hepatopancreas. Electron microscopic examination of the gill tissues from diseased animal revealed rod- shaped enveloped and non occluded virions in the nuclei of affected cells or in the cytoplasm of haemocyte cells. Also, the nuclei of the infected cells were slightly hypertrophied and most of the chromatin was marginated along the interrupted nuclear membrane. The nested PCR analysis showed the appearance of a prominent band of PCR amplified product of WSSV- DNA 300 bp in gill, muscles, appendages and haemolymph of diseased animals. The present results reported that freshwater crayfish P. clarkii is susceptible species for WSSV infection in Egypt. So, more work is also required to understand viral receptor and how virus evades the innate immune response.
Comparative correlation and path analysis in local and exotic germplasm in lentil

Two sets of germplasm, one of local collection and another of introduced lines comprising 89 and 50 lines respectively were evaluated in 1980–81 and in 1981–82 respectively. Correlation coefficients among various characters as well as path analysis of five characters were estimated for the both sets of germplasm. Seed yield was found to have high positive correlation with pods/plant, primary and secondary branches in both sets of germplasm. Seed weight did not show any relationship with yield in the local germplasm but showed high positive association with yield in the exotic germplasm. Pods/plant was found to have high positive correlation with primary and secondary branches. In both sets of germplasm, pods/plant had high direct effect da seed yield, but only in the exotic germplasm, pods/plant had high direct effect on seed yield, but only in the exotic germplasm 100-seed weight had high direct effect on seed yield. Secondary branches had no direct effect on seed, but its indirect effect through pods/plant was high.