Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of drying on the nutrient composition of Vernonia amygdalina leaves

Vernonia amygdalina ( Bitter leaf ) is a common and popular vegetable among the people of Nigeria used as a spice in many delicacies. In this study, the effect of solar, sun and oven drying methods on the proximate and mineral contents of its leaves was evaluated using standard analytical procedures. Drying increased significantly (P The protein content was markedly enhanced by drying and it range from 1.31% in fresh sample to 5.30% in sun dried samples. A significant (P V. Â amygdalina leaves in a more hygienic way and ensure its all-the-yearâ€“round availability.
Studies on Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives and their Pharmacological Evaluation

1,3,4-Oxadiazoles were associated with broad spectrum of biological activities including antituberculosis, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antifungal, analgesic and antitumor properties. Morpholine derivatives find their wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and exhibit anthelmintic, bactericidal and insecticidal activity. Pyrimidine derivatives are also reported to possess antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer and anticonvulsant activities. Encouraged by this observations we decided to synthesised novel pyrimidine derivatives.
Development of novel ionic liquids based on ampicillin

Novel ionic liquids containing ampicillin as an active pharmaceutical ingredient anion were prepared with good yields by using a new, efficient synthetic procedure based on the neutralization of a moderately basic ammonia solution of ampicillin with different organic cation hydroxides. The relevant physical and thermal properties of these novel ionic liquids based on ampicillin were also evaluated.
Kinetic Study and Optimum Control of the Ozone/UV Process Measuring Hydrogen Peroxide Formed In-situ

This study was conducted to develop a kinetic model of the ozone/UV process by monitoring the trend of in-situ hydrogen peroxide formation. A specifically devised setup, which could continuously measure the concentration of hydrogen peroxide as low as 10 μg/L, was used. The kinetic equations, comprised of several intrinsic constants with semi-empirical parameters (kchain and kR3) were developed to predict the time varied residual ozone and hydrogen peroxide formed in situ along with the hydroxyl radical concentration at steady state,[OH°]ss, in the ozone/UV process. The optimum ozone dose was also investigated at a fixed UV dose using the removal rate of UV absorbance at 254 nm (A254) in raw drinking water. The result showed that the continuous monitoring of hydrogen peroxide formed in situ in an ozone/UV process could be used as an important tool to optimize the operation of the process.
The Application of Principal Component Analysis to Interpretation of Occurrence of Metals in the Femur Head

Principal components analysis is one of the modern mathematical-statistic methods and it enables the reduction and organization of the results in order to indicate important implicit features. In such an analysis the components, correlated with each other, are shown on the basis of the matrix correlation of many variables. The examined materials were femur heads of hip joints which had various degenerative-deforming changes and came from people who lived on the industrial area. The examined population of 103 femur heads came from 64 women and 39 men. The determination of the content of 12 metals in samples of femur heads was made using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) by the means of the Pye Unicam SP-9 in the flame acetylene-air. The principal components analysis in most examined groups showed that the first factor describes the change of the Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Na and Ca contents. Other main components emphasized variously the meaning of a given parameter. The results of PCA analysis are in accordance with the results of correlative analysis.
Measurements of Zeta Potential on Corroding, High-Purity Iron Particles: Influence of Corrosion Inhibitors

Adsorption of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and two commercial inhibitor base chemicals; an oleic imidazoline salt (OI) and a phosphate ester (PE), onto high purity, corroding iron particles was studied by zeta potential measurements in a 0.1 Wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution under 1 bar CO2 at 22°C. The particles were exposed to the inhibitor compounds for 24 hours before measurements were done. The results show that the measured zeta potential in the absence of inhibitor is zero at both pH 4.0 ± 0.2 and pH 5.8 ± 0.2. It is concluded that this might be caused by the electrochemical reactions occurring at the steel surface when placed in an electrical field. When adding inhibitor, which slows the electrochemical reactions at the steel surface, the zeta potential moves away from zero and an adsorption isotherm is obtained for all three inhibitors. The measured potential is probably a mixed potential where the apparent potential measured is a combination of the potential at the shear plane and a contribution form the electrochemical reactions occurring on the surface.
Positioning and doping effects on quantum dot multi‐junction solar cell performance

The positioning of InAs quantum dot (QD) layers in a triple‐junction GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge solar cell is studied using numerical modeling techniques. An effective medium is used to describe the absorption characteristics and carrier dynamics in each QD layer. The effects of incorporating 110 layers in the emitter, base layers, as well as between these regions of the middle sub‐cell are analyzed with current–voltage characteristics and energy band diagrams. The cell with QDs positioned between the emitter and base demonstrated an efficiency of 31% under 1 sun illumination at room temperature. The performance was then increased to 31.3% by optimizing the QD region doping. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coherent Population Trapping in Real and Artificial Atoms

In this thesis, coherent population trapping (CPT) is studied in two real-world systems: atomic sodium vapor and a quantum well structure. A series of spectroscopic studies were carried out in the atomic system to understand how CPT behaves in a non-idealized environment. In addition, a feasibility study is carried out to seek a solid state environment to facilitate the design of practical devices based on the process of CPT. The first system used to study CPT is sodium vapor (the “real atom”). Even though sodium is a multi-level system, the spectral features and the parameters that govern them are found to be similar to those of the idealized three-level Λ system. For example, in both the idealized model and the actual atomic system, the ground state decoherence rate determines the width of the resonance as is demonstrated experimentally. The inclusion of Doppler broadening and propagation effects, and the impurities in the vapor, are found to weaken the strength of the CPT resonance. The presence of additional levels, which can either be virtual or real, permits additional concurrent processes to occur that enrich the spectrum. These concurrent processes are coherent Raman scattering, other wave mixing processes, crossover resonances, and optical pumping. Coherent Raman scattering can even invert the induced transparency feature of CPT into an induced absorption feature. In spite of these complications, CPT has great potential for technologically advanced applications, with the example of frequency conversion being demonstrated here. As a medium for these applications, semiconductor systems are more practical than atomic sodium. The second system studied is a quantum well structure (the “artificial atom”), designed to mimic a Λ configuration suited for observing CPT. Novel use of various aspects of band engineering and structure design is utilized to achieve such a configuration. An AlAsSb/InGaAs/AlGaAsSb ternaryquaternary alloy system is used to create an Island well structure. By employing intersubband
Diphenyl diselenide a janus-faced molecule

In this review, we summarized the potential role of synthetic organoseleno compounds as therapeutic or toxic agents, giving emphasis almost exclusively to diphenyl diselenide, the simplest of the diaryl diselenides, and some of its analogs. We presented the main molecular aspects related to the in vitro toxicity and pharmacology of diphenyl diselenide and also provided in vivo data indicating that the interaction of diphenyl diselenide with thiols can dictate either its toxicological or pharmacological property. The papers covered in this review indicate that a limited activation of the "toxic pathway", i.e., a controlled oxidation of specific high molecular weight thiol-containing molecules could contribute to the pharmacological effects of diphenyl diselenide. In conclusion, this review reinforces the necessity of developing new diorganoyl diselenides that could interact with specific molecular targets.
Studies on the Processing and Preservation of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus) Jelly

The aim of the study was to analyze the proximate composition of Dragon fruit ( Hylocereus undatus ) and to develop dragon fruit jelly to assess its prospect in marketability. The proximate analysis showed moisture 87.90±0.03%, ash 87.90±0.03%, reducing sugar 4.50±0.04%, non-reducing sugar 3.50±0.01%, total sugar 8.00±0.01%, total soluble solid 11±0.13%, pH 4.20±0.02%, acidity 0.45±0.01% and vitamin-C 9.90±0.04%. Then the dragon fruit jelly was prepared with standard formulation (0.05%, 0.1% and 1.5% of pectin) was analyzed for its nutritional composition with standard method. The three samples contained more or less similar nutritional compositions. The products were stored at ambient temperature (27 0C to 34 0C) for a period of 6 months and quality parameters were assessed. During storage the changes in color, flavor, odor, TSS and pH was observed. No special change of ingredients was found during first 4 months of storage and a little change of pH was observed after 4th months. A taste panel consisting of 10 panelists adjudged the acceptability of the samples. The consumer preferences were measured by statistical analysis. Among the samples jelly containing 1.5% pectin secured the highest score for color, flavor, turbidity and overall acceptability. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/agric.v10i2. 13139 The Agriculturists 2012; 10(2) 29-35
MODELING OF SOME NONSTATIONARY PROCESSES IN TOKAMAK PLASMAS

The results of modeling of shots from two series of experiments in two tokamaks with rather different geometric parameters are presented. The first one includes two shots from the spherical tokamak MAST with current ramp up, and the second one, a number of T-10 shots with periodic gas puffing. The modeling was performed with the ASTRA code in the framework of Canonical Profiles Transport Model (CPTM). PACS: 52.55. Fa, 52.55. Dy 1. CURRENT RAMP UP IN MAST 1.1. OHMIC DISCHARGE The motivation for the current ramp up pulses modeling was the solution of the issue, whether the neoclassical conductivity is suitable for the description of the current diffusion in the MAST. The results of modeling for two MAST discharges: Ohmic (#24433) and NBI-heated (#24434) are presented. For both pulses the plasma current ramped up during 170 ms until value Ip = 0.85 MA, while the chord averaged plasma density until 3.5×10 19 m -3 during 200 ms, the magnetic field was BT = 0.5 T, the NBI power deposition for the pulse
Profiling of Saharan dust and biomass-burning smoke with multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar at Cape Verde

Extensive lidar measurements of Saharan dust and biomass-burning smoke were performed with one airborne and three ground-based instruments in the framework of the second part of the SAharan Mineral dUst experiMent (SAMUM-2a) during January and February of 2008 at Cape Verde. Further lidar observations with one system only were conducted duringMay and June of 2008 (SAMUM-2b). The active measurements were supported by Sun photometer observations. During winter, layers of mineral dust from the Sahara and biomass-burning smoke from southern West Africa pass Cape Verde on their way to South America while pure dust layers cross the Atlantic on their way to the Caribbean during summer. The mean 500-nm aerosol optical thickness (AOT) observed during SAMUM-2a was 0.35 ± 0.18. SAMUM-2a observations showed transport of pure dust within the lowermost 1.5 km of the atmospheric column. In the height range from 1.5 to 5.0 km, mixed dust/smoke layers with mean lidar ratios of 67 ± 14 sr at 355 and 532 nm, respectively, prevailed. Within these layers, wavelength-independent linear particle depolarization ratios of 0.12–0.18 at 355, 532, and 710 nm indicate a large contribution (30–70%) of mineral dust to the measured optical properties. Ångstr¨om exponents for backscatter and extinction of around 0.7 support this finding. Mean extinction coefficients in the height range between 2 and 4 km were 66 ± 6 Mm−1 at 355 nm and 48 ± 5 Mm−1 at 532 nm. Comparisons with airborne high-spectral-resolution lidar observations show good agreement within the elevated layers. 3–5 km deep dust layers where observed during SAMUM-2b. These layers showed optical properties similar to the ones of SAMUM-1 in Morocco with a mean 500-nm AOT of 0.4 ± 0.2. Dust extinction coefficients were about 80 ± 6 Mm−1 at 355 and 532 nm. Dust lidar ratios were 53 ± 10 sr at 355 and 532 nm, respectively. Dust depolarization ratios showed an increase with wavelength from 0.31 ± 0.10 at 532 nm to 0.37 ± 0.07 at 710 nm.
Inhibitive and Adsorption Properties of Ethanol Extract of Seeds and Leaves of Azadirachta Indica on the Corrosion of Mild Steel in H2SO4

The corrosion of mild steel in H 2SO 4 was studied using gravimetric, gasometric and IR methods. The results indicate that the rate of corrosion of mild steel in H 2SO 4 increases with increase in the concentration of the acid and that ethanol extracts of the seeds and leaves of Azadirachta indica inhibit the corrosion of mild steel in H 2SO 4. Inhibition efficiencies of the leaves and seeds extract range from 82.62 to 94.24% and from 60.55 to 84.78%, respectively. The inhibition potential of these extracts is attributed to the presence of tannin, saponin, glycoside, anthraquinone, flavonone and other phytochemicals in the extracts. IR study confirms that the inhibitors are adsorption inhibitors and the adsorption of the inhibitors on mild steel surface is exothermic, spontaneous and consistent with the assumptions of Flory-Huggins adsorption isotherm. Based on the values of the activation, free energy of adsorption and the variation of inhibition efficiency with temperature, a physical adsorption mechanism is proposed for the adsorption of ethanol extract of leaves and seeds of Azadirachta indica on the surface of mild steel.
HIGHER DERIVATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX ABSORPTION SPECTRA

Abstract— –A small computer on line with a single‐beam spectrophotometer was used to obtain absorption spectra and higher derivatives (up to the fourth) of the absorption spectra. The spectral resolution was markedly enhanced in the higher derivative curves. The computer was also used to synthesize absorption spectra from Gaussian, Lorentzian and mixed Gaussian‐Lorentzian band shapes in order to explore the higher derivative analysis of completely defined spectra.
Dynamics of toluene degradation in biofilters

Biodegradation processes have been validated as a promising alternative to other conventional air pollution control technologies. The objective of this research was to systematically investigate the transient behavior of shut down and restart-up operation and shock loading of the biofilter. Experiments were conducted in three laboratory-scale biofilters with mixtures of chaff/compost, D.E. (diatomaceous earth)/compost, and GAC (granular activated carbon)/compost, respectively as the filter materials. Toluene was used as the gas pollutant in this study. The response of each biofilter to shock loading was studied by abruptly changing the concentration or flow rate of the inlet gas. For each transient operation, toluene concentration was continuously measured until a new steady state was achieved. The results indicated that the biofilters responded effectively to the shut down and restart-up operation and shock loading of toluene concentration or gas flow rate. Moreover, the highly adsorptive GAC could improve the biofilter performance, especially for the treatment of less water soluble compounds such as toluene. Therefore, the GAC/compost biofilter had the highest maximum elimination capacity of 97 (g hr{sup {minus}1} m{sup {minus}3}). 17 refs., 8 figs.
Determination of valence and conduction‐band discontinuities at the (Ga,In) P/GaAs heterojunction by C‐V profiling

The valence and conduction band discontinuities for the lattice matched (Ga,In)P/GaAs heterojunction have been determined by capacitance‐voltage (C‐V) profiling. Both p‐p and n‐n heterojunctions were profiled, in order to obtain separate and independent values for both the valence‐band‐edge discontinuity (ΔEv) and the conduction‐band discontinuity (ΔEc). The band lineup is found to be of the straddling type with the valence‐ and conduction‐band discontinuities 0.24 and 0.22 eV, respectively, with an estimated accuracy of ±10 meV. Computer reconstruction of the C‐V profiles was used to check the consistency of the data. The band offset data indicate that the (Ga,In)P/(Al,Ga)As system should be staggered for a certain range of Al compositions.
Novel calibration procedure for improving trace element determinations in ice and water samples using ICP-SMS

Matrix-induced loss of accuracy was observed during the determination of 19 trace elements (Ag, Al, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Tl, U, V, Zn) in ice and water samples at fg g−1 to µg g−1 concentrations using ICP-sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SMS) equipped with a guard electrode. The accuracy of the results was considerably improved by utilising the Ar dimer at m/z 80 measured in the medium resolution mode (m/Δm 4000) as internal standard. This innovative correction was carefully evaluated using the certified water reference material SLRS-4. The correction approach applied here during the determination of trace elements in ice samples by ICP-SMS adequately compensates for potential matrix effects in individual samples as well as for long-term drifts in sensitivity. Thus, the ArAr correction is as good as conventional internal standards such as In or Rh, respectively, but does not require addition of an “internal standard element”, which risks contamination of the clean ice samples.
Bandgap Shifting Effect in Spin Injection

ABSTRACT A polarization-resolved optical pumping investigation in a nonmagnetic semiconductor is performed. Spins are injected optically by a circularly polarized two-photon pumping in the samples. The injection of the electron spins is probed by measuring the polarization-resolved transmission of the samples. From the transmission data, the degree of spin-polarization of electrons is measured as a function of the time delay of the probe as well as of the temperature. The results show that the degree of spin-polarization is decreased with increasing temperature. The polarization decrease at higher temperatures might be due to the band-narrowing effect.
Physicochemical and textural properties of processed cheese spreads made with the addition of cheese base obtained from UF milk retentates

The influence of the addition of cheese base on some physicochemical and textural properties of processed cheese spread was investigated. Cheese base was obtained from whole milk (3.2% fat) concentrated by UF (CF=4–5), inoculated with yoghurt starter culture and fermented at 44±1°C until its pH dropped down to 5.1–5.2. Cheese base was used for the production of processed cheese spread standardised to 55% of moisture and 55% of fat in dry solids. Five experimental processed cheeses were obtained containing 0 (control sample), 10, 30, 50 and 70% of cheese base in relation to the total cheese ingredients. The best processed cheese spreads were obtained when the addition of cheese base to the processed cheese was 30%. With such an addition of the cheese base the physicochemical, sensory and textural properties of the final product were similar to those of the control cheese. The results indicated that the addition of cheese base at the level of at least 50% tended to lower pH and protein content of spreads as well as unfavourably increase the hardness of the cheeses. It has been shown that the developed cheese base can successfully replace the young rennet cheese in processed cheese spread production.
Some Examples of Temperature and Time Resolved Studies of the Dehydration and Hydration Behavior of Zeolites and Clathrates

The prominent role of X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) for the study of the dehydration and hydration behavior of microporous zeolites and clathrates can be documented by several typical examples taken from the literature. The importance of various interactions, in particular water‐framework, water‐extra‐framework cations, framework‐extra‐framework cations, and water‐water is discussed. However, it is emphasized that XRPD has its limitations, especially when species are disordered, and should be complemented as far as possible by the determination of bulk properties, and also by various appropriate spectroscopic methods.
Lignocellulosic polymer composite IV

Palm leaves as a woody lignocellulose, together with polystyrene, were used to produce composites. Chemithermal mechanical pulps (CTMP) were obtained from palm leaves under alkaline or acidic conditions. Appropriate bending strength was obtained from palm leaves and their CTMP pulps prepared under neutral or acidic conditions. The bulky fibers resulted from the alkaline pulps lead to composites of low bending strength. Thus, the cooking conditions of the palm leaves to obtain CTMP pulp play an important role on the properties of the composites. The nonbulky fibers lead to the formation of trapped pockets air as the number of the hydrogen bond are few. The presence of these air pockets allows the polystyrene solution to enter forming bonding between the interfaces. It is also found that the lower the density of the composites, the lower the internal bond strengths. The chemical constituents of the CTMP pulps, as well as the yields of the pulps, may influence the properties of the composites. Increasing the percentage of polystyrene in the composites, the mechanical properties increased. The water uptake and the swellability decreased until 20% polystyrene concentration and then levelled off. The thickness and density behaved the same. However, the type of substrate of the composite and the weight fraction are the important factors in determining the properties of the composites. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 845–855, 1998
Influence of carbon nanoparticles on the polymerization and EMI shielding properties of PU nanocomposite foams

Rigid polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite foams filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized MWCNTs (f-MWCNTs) and functionalized graphene sheets (FGS) were synthesized by reactive foaming to obtain electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. Our study indicates that the electrical properties of rigid PU nanocomposite foams are strongly dependent on the foaming evolution, cellular structure and density of these materials, which are themself influenced by the morphology, aspect ratio and surface functionalization of the carbon-based nanofillers. The largest EMI shielding effectiveness was obtained for 0.35 wt% MWCNTs with an electrical conductivity increased of two orders of magnitude ascribed to the formation of a better interconnected network within the systems.