Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An optimal true-amplitude least-squares prestack depth-migration operator

In order to define an optimal true-amplitude prestack depth migration for multishot and multitrace data, we develop a general methodology based on the least-squares data misfit function associated with a forward model. The amplitude of the migrated events are restored at best for any given geometry and any given preliminary filtering and amplitude correction of the data. The migrated section is then the gradient of the cost function multiplied by a weight matrix. A study of the Hessian associated with this data misfit shows how efficiently to find a good weight matrix via the computation of only few elements of this Hessian. Thanks to this matrix, the resulting migration operator is optimal in the sense that it ensures the best possible restoration of the amplitudes among the large class of least-squares migrations. Applied to a forward model based on Born, ray tracing, and diffracting points approximation, this optimal migration outperforms or at least equals the classic Kirchhoff formula, since the latter belongs to the class of least-squares migrations and is only optimal for one shot and an infinite aperture. Numerical results illustrate this construction and confirm the above expectations.
A snapshot of teleradiology practice in Turkey: the results of a survey among radiologists

PURPOSE This study featured a survey that offers a snapshot of various teleradiology practices in Turkey, a Group of Twenty country that has undertaken a major transformation of its health care system during the last two decades and is currently the world leader in terms of the combined number of per capita magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography examinations performed (which represent the bulk of teleradiology services worldwide). METHODS The study data was collected from 4736 Turkish Society of Radiology (TSR) members via an electronic platform in the web environment through a questionnaire consisting of 24 questions. The survey was conducted in a 3-month time window (March–May 2021). Statistical tools were used for the analysis of the quantitative data. RESULTS Responses from 156 members of the TSR comprised the study data, revealing that teleradiology is used for various applications in Turkey. Almost half of the participants (49%) performed teleradiology only in the private sector. Half of the respondents (51%) stated that they reported images at home for multiple centers. Moreover, 38% of the participants had been reporting more than 50 examinations per day, and 74% of the respondents earned less than 0.50 Euro per examination they reported. The overall satisfaction with teleradiology among the teleradiologists was, on average, 4.7 out of 10 points. CONCLUSION The results are both promising for the future (i.e., concerning the propensity for adopting new technology) and alarming for the current state of affairs (i.e., insufficient radiologist reimbursement and lack of licensing and accreditation of teleradiology service providers). Periodic surveys performed in countries with different health care systems concerning financial, technical, and medicolegal aspects might reveal an up-to-date landscape of teleradiology practices worldwide and help guide local and regional decision-makers.
The Structure of Ortho-LC-Monoids

The super-r-wide semigroups (in [6], called super-r-ample semigroups) [ortho-lc-monoids] within the class of rpp semigroups form a kind of generalized completely regular semigroups [orthogroups]. In this article, some structure theorems of ortho-lc-monoids are established and some special ortho-lc-monoids such as orthocrypto-lc-monoids, lc-Clifford semigroups, which we defined, are considered; the semilattice decomposition of super-r-wide semigroups is given. As direct corollaries of the results that we obtained, some new structure theorems for ortho-c-monoids and orthogroups, different from [10, 13], are given, and hence, the structure theorem for ortho-lc-monoids that we established is not the direct generalization of the results in [10, 13]; the structure of orthocryptogroups is reobtained; the well-known Clifford theorem is further generalized.
Some properties of granular thin films of high‐field superconductors

The resistance as a function of temperature, the superconducting critical temperature, and the upper critical field of NbN and Nb3Ge thin films have been measured. These measurements may be explained in terms of a model of a granular superconductor. The properties of NbN and Nb3Ge may be universal characteristics of high‐field granular superconductors.
On null steering in rectangular planar array

Two methods of null steering in planar arrays are described. One is a direct application of linear-array techniques, and the other exploits the nonsymmetry of planar arrays to achieve localized nulls. As a result, null steering by the second method has little effect on the pattern shape and hence the antenna signal-to-thermal-noise ratio. >
Associations of Dietary Zinc–Vitamin B6 Ratio with All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016

Previous studies have suggested a possible association among dietary zinc and vitamin B6 intake and CVD mortality and all-cause mortality. However, evidence on the association of dietary zinc and vitamin B6 intake and their interactions with CVD mortality and all-cause mortality remains unclear. This prospective study utilized data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2016. After a median follow-up of 10.4 years, 4757 deaths were recorded among 36,081 participants. Higher dietary zinc intake levels (≥9.87 mg/day) were associated with lower CVD mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83–0.87). Vitamin B6 intake levels (≥1.73 mg/day) were associated with lower CVD mortality (HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86–0.96) and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.90–0.93). Higher dietary zinc intake and higher vitamin B6 intake were associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality, with an interaction between dietary zinc intake levels and vitamin B intake levels (LZLV group (HR, CI): 1.21,1.12–1.29; LZHV group (HR, CI): 1.42, 1.34–1.50; LZHV group (HR, CI): 1.28, 1.14–1.45; HZHV group (HR, CI): ref). There was also a J-type association (p for nonlinear < 0.001) between the dietary zinc–vitamin B6 ratio and CVD mortality, with a high dietary zinc–vitamin B6 ratio increasing the risk of CVD mortality (HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.19–1.35), whereas a moderate dietary zinc–vitamin B6 ratio appeared to be beneficial for CVD mortality. These results suggest that increasing the appropriate proportion of dietary zinc and vitamin B6 intake is associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality. Furthermore, precise and representative studies are needed to verify our findings.
Global simulation of proton precipitation due to field line curvature during substorms

[1] The low latitude boundary of the proton aurora (known as the Isotropy Boundary or IB) marks an important boundary between empty and full downgoing loss cones. There is significant evidence that the IB maps to a region in the magnetosphere where the ion gyroradius becomes comparable to the local field line curvature. However, the location of the IB in the magnetosphere remains in question. In this paper, we show simulated proton precipitation derived from the Field Line Curvature (FLC) model of proton scattering and a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation during two substorms. The simulated proton precipitation drifts equatorward during the growth phase, intensifies at onset and reproduces the azimuthal splitting published in previous studies. In the simulation, the pre-onset IB maps to 7–8 RE for the substorms presented and the azimuthal splitting is caused by the development of the substorm current wedge. The simulation also demonstrates that the central plasma sheet temperature can significantly influence when and where the azimuthal splitting takes place.
The evolution of financial literacy over time and its predictive power for financial outcomes: evidence from longitudinal data

We administered the FINRA Foundation's National Financial Capability Study questionnaire to members of the RAND American Life Panel in 2012 and 2018. Using this unique, longitudinal data set, we investigate the evolution of financial literacy over time and shed light on the effect of financial knowledge on financial outcomes. Over a six-year observation period, financial literacy appears to be rather stable, with a slight tendency to decline at older ages. Importantly, financial literacy has significant predictive power for future financial outcomes, even after controlling for baseline outcomes and a wide set of demographics and individual characteristics that influence financial decision making.
Bell’s theorem: Local realism versus quantum mechanics

Realism and locality are defined emphasizing the fundamental character of both principles. From this, the well‐known expression proposed by Bell for calculating correlations is derived. Starting from this expression, the theorem of incompatibility is proved between local realism and quantum mechanics. An analysis is made of the experiments performed by Aspect and others, and it is concluded that, because photomultipliers and polarizing filters are not perfectly efficient, it is necessary to make subsidiary assumptions about how they operate in order to rule out local realism. It is argued that the subsidiary assumptions are not logically necessary and, consequently, local realism has not yet been refuted empirically.
The Role of CTGF in Liver Fibrosis Induced in 3D Human Liver Spheroids

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Elevated levels of CTGF can be found in plasma from patients with liver fibrosis and in experimental animal models of liver fibrosis, but the exact role of CTGF in, e.g., diet-induced human liver fibrosis is not entirely known. To address this question, we utilized a 3D human liver co-culture spheroid model composed of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells, in which fibrosis is induced by TGF-β1, CTGF or free fatty acids (FFA). Treatment of the spheroids with TGF-β1 or FFA increased COL1A1 deposition as well as the expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF. Recombinant CTGF, as well as angiotensin II, caused increased expression and/or production of CTGF, TGF-β1, COL1A1, LOX, and IL-6. In addition, silencing of CTGF reduced both TGF-β1- and FFA-induced COL1A1 deposition. Furthermore, we found that IL-6 induced CTGF, COL1A1 and TGF-β1 production, suggesting that IL-6 is a mediator in the pathway of CTGF-induced fibrosis. Taken together, our data indicate a specific role for CTGF and CTGF downstream signaling pathways for the development of liver inflammation and fibrosis in the human 3D liver spheroid model.
The use of Practice-Based Learning Days on Psychological Wellbeing Practitioner training programmes: A Self-Determination Theory perspective

Practice-Based Learning Days (PBLDs) account for approximately one-third of the total university-lead days on Psychological Wellbeing Practitioner (PWP) training courses. In this article, I consider a number of challenges facing teachers of PWPs and describe a recent attempt to respond to these challenges by restructuring the content of our PBLDs in a manner informed by Self-Determination Theory. I suggest that by designing these days in a manner intended to facilitate the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for competence and autonomy, the PBLDs offer a way in which teachers of PWPs can promote more autonomous learning and greater psychological wellbeing amongst trainees. Further, I suggest that such use of these days supports education providers in developing learning opportunities that are optimally challenging for all students across each cohort. I finish with a call for future research into the effective use of the PBLDs on PWP training programmes.
Conformational Sampling Deciphers the Chameleonic Properties of a VHL-Based Degrader

Chameleonicity (the capacity of a molecule to adapt its conformations to the environment) may help to identify orally bioavailable drugs in the beyond-Rule-of-5 chemical space. Computational methods to predict the chameleonic behaviour of degraders have not yet been reported and the identification of molecular chameleons still relies on experimental evidence. Therefore, there is a need to tune predictions with experimental data. Here, we employ PROTAC-1 (a passively cell-permeable degrader), for which NMR and physicochemical data prove the chameleonic behaviour, to benchmark the capacity of two conformational sampling algorithms and selection schemes. To characterize the conformational ensembles in both polar and nonpolar environments, we compute three molecular properties proven to be essential for cell permeability: conformer shape (radius of gyration), polarity (3D PSA), and the number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Energetic criteria were also considered. Infographics monitored the simultaneous variation of those properties in computed and NMR conformers. Overall, we provide key points for tuning conformational sampling tools to reproduce PROTAC-1 chameleonicity according to NMR evidence. This study is expected to improve the design of PROTAC drugs and the development of computational sustainable strategies to exploit the potential of new modalities in drug discovery.
Nutritional and socio-economic analyses of processed catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using three kilns in Lagos State, Nigeria

Smoke-drying is a major way of processing catfish and this prompted the study of nutritional and socio-economic assessment of smoke-dried catfish in Makoko fish market in Lagos State, Nigeria. Standard methods were utilised for the analyses of proximate content and the administration of 25 structured questionnaires to the catfish processors in the Fish Market. The fish smoked-dried in Traditional Drum Kiln (TDK) had the highest protein content (61.42±1.86g/100g), highest ash content (10.73±1.80g/100g) but lowest fat (3.19±0.91g/100g) and fibre content (1.84±0.36g/100g). However, the highest contents of fat (12.81±1.72g/100g), fibre (4.50±1.13g/100g) and moisture (37.58±7.10g/100g) were obtained in fish smoked-dried with Oil Drum Kiln (ODK). Fifty percent (50%) of processors who smoke-dried catfish in Makoko fish market used TDK, 30% used ODK while 20% of the processors used Lagos State Kiln (LSK). Weekly fixed cost of smoke-drying was found to be lowest using TDK at ₦500 while the highest weekly costs was found with LSK at ₦1,250. The variable costs were the same regardless of the type of kiln to be used in the smoke-drying process. The weekly profit was estimated at ₦49,750, ₦50,450 and ₦50,500 for LSK, ODK and TDK, respectively. The study showed that smoke-drying business is profitable and TDK yields more profit with good quality smoke-dried catfish.
Dispersion in spatially periodic media: the moment-difference expansion method

Transport of a passive Brownian tracer in an infinite, one-dimensional medium is considered. The medium is assumed spatially periodic whence it may be regarded as having been formed by juxtaposition of similar unit cells within each of which the nonconstant transport coefficients (tracer velocity and diffusivity) are identical. A microscale probability density for finding the tracer somewhere in the medium is defined, from which a corresponding coarse-grained probability for finding the tracer in a unit cell, irrespective of its local position within that cell, may be derived. A microscale convective diffusive conservation equation is known to govern the evolution of the former probability density. To obtain the corresponding coarse-grained evolution equation from the latter by averaging over the internal unit cell domains, a novel expansion scheme is developed. This scheme, termed the moment-difference expansion, consists of expanding the microscale probability density in an infinite series of finite dif.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Astragalus melilotoides (Fabaceae), a leguminous forage in Northern China

Abstract Astragalus melilotoides Pall. 1776 is a perennial leguminous forage, widely distributed in northern China, with cold, drought and disease resistance characteristics. Here, we determined the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of A. melilotoides. It was 123,827 bp in length and 36.97% GC content with IR loss. The cp genome contained 110 complete genes, including 76 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. A maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree revealed that A. melilotoides was related to A. americanus, A. gummifer, A. mongholicus, A. nakaianus, A. mongholicus var. nakaianus, and A. membranaceus var. membranaceus. The cp genome analysis of A. melilotoides will provide a reference for the phylogenetic study of Astragalus in the future.
Case and Development Path for Fusion Propulsion

This paper discusses the importance of fusion propulsion for interplanetary space travel, illustrates why the magnetoinertial fusion parameter space may facilitate the most rapid, economic path for development, justifies the choice of pulsed Z pinch, and provides a potential development path leading up to a technical readiness level 9 system. Round trips of less than one year to Mars are only possible using fusion propulsion systems. Such a system will require an onboard nuclear fission reactor for reliable startups, and so fission and fusion developments for space are mutually beneficial. The paper reviews the more than 50 year history of fusion research and summarizes results from a recent study of the fusion parameter space for terrestrial power, which suggests magnetoinertial fusion can provide the smallest, most economical approach for a fusion propulsion system. Emerging experimental data and theory show pulsed Z-pinch fusion solves some of the most deleterious instabilities and scales to fusion bre.
Parkes H I observations of southern globular clusters - Implications for stellar mass loss

A search for neutral hydrogen 21 cm emission has been made in the direction of the globular clusters 47 Tuc, NGC 1851, Omega Cen, and NGC 6388. Emission from NGC 6388 and 47 Tuc is observed close to the systemic velocity of the clusters, making it difficult to identify any weak features which might be associated with the clusters. A significant 21 cm emission profile is observed in the direction of Omega Cen, blueshifted by about 40 km/s with respect to the cluster. The emission probably arises from a high-velocity cloud with hydrogen column density of about 3 x 10 to the 18th atoms/sq cm. No emission is observed at the radial velocity of NGC 1851, and an upper limit of about nine solar masses can be placed on the amount of neutral hydrogen within this cluster. 61 refs.
Haney Soil Health Test changes with season, not subsurface drainage

The Haney Soil Health Test (HSHT) is used to quantify soil health using soil biological activity and water‐extractable C and N. However, suitability of the HSHT to measure soil health in subsurface drained fields remains unknown. Our goals were to use the HSHT in Minnesota cropand to (a) test the effect of recent tile drainage installation, (b) evaluate seasonal variability, and (c) calculate a potential N fertilizer credit. Three soil biological indices used in the HSHT were measured seasonally across 2 yr and used to calculate a soil health score and N credit. All metrics were unaffected by subsurface drainage, but all varied seasonally (greatest in spring) and annually (greater in 2020 than in 2021). Soil biological indicators did not change abruptly following subsurface drainage but may change gradually, and this needs to be tested further. Significant seasonal variability may pose challenges in tracking soil health over time.
An Application of Bayes Estimation Under Bounded Asymmetric Blinex Loss: Direct Mail Decision Problem

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACT While unbounded symmetric loss functions, such as squared-error loss, are widely used in Bayesian statistical decision theory because of their mathematical convenience, there are many situations where a bounded and asymmetric loss, such as the BLINEX (Bounded Linear Exponential) loss is more desirable. We present an application of Bayes estimation under BLINEX loss to a direct mail decision problem in which maximum profit is the main decision goal and mailing size is the decision variable. Our aim is to illustrate and quantify via a real and widely available direct marketing data set how the profitability of Bayesian estimation can be improved by incorporating intrinsic boundedness and asymmetry features of the direct mail loss structure. Further, we show how the use of BLINEX dominates the naïve strategy of mailing to all names in a potential-customer list.
Evolutionary Landscape of Tea Circular RNAs and Its Contribution to Chilling Tolerance of Tea Plant

Chilling stress threatens the yield and distribution pattern of global crops, including the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), one of the most important cash crops around the world. Circular RNA (circRNA) plays roles in regulating plant growth and biotic/abiotic stress responses. Understanding the evolutionary characteristics of circRNA and its feedbacks to chilling stress in the tea plant will help to elucidate the vital roles of circRNAs. In the current report, we systematically identified 2702 high-confidence circRNAs under chilling stress in the tea plant, and interestingly found that the generation of tea plant circRNAs was associated with the length of their flanking introns. Repetitive sequences annotation and DNA methylation analysis revealed that the longer flanking introns of circRNAs present more repetitive sequences and higher methylation levels, which suggested that repeat-elements-mediated DNA methylation might promote the circRNAs biogenesis in the tea plant. We further detected 250 differentially expressed circRNAs under chilling stress, which were functionally enriched in GO terms related to cold/stress responses. Constructing a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network discovered 139 differentially expressed circRNAs harboring potential miRNA binding sites, which further identified 14 circRNAs that might contribute to tea plant chilling responses. We further characterized a key circRNA, CSS-circFAB1, which was significantly induced under chilling stress. FISH and silencing experiments revealed that CSS-circFAB1 was potentially involved in chilling tolerance of the tea plant. Our study emphasizes the importance of circRNA and its preliminary role against low-temperature stress, providing new insights for tea plant cold tolerance breeding.
Rear Inflow in Squall Lines with Trailing Stratiform Precipitation

Abstract The relative airflow and accompanying precipitation structure of squall lines trailed by mesoscale regions of stratiform rain are examined with emphasis on the occurrence of “rear inflow,” i.e. the intrusion of environmental air into these storms across the trailing precipitation boundary. Three cases from Kansas and Oklahoma provide examples of “Strong Rear Inflow,” which crosses the back edge of the stratiform precipitation area at relative speeds exceeding 10 m s−1. The vertical profiles of relative flow at the trailing precipitation boundary of these three systems were remarkably similar, with the rear inflow confined to a jet-like layer centered at about 550 mb. Doppler radar data for two of these cases showed that the rear inflow jet occupied a continuous channel extending from middle levels at the back edge of the stratiform region to lower levels of the leading convective region, where it merged with outflow from convective downdrafts to bolster the leading gust front. Strong front-to-rea.