Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fit Mind, Fit Job : From Evidence to Practice in Mental Health and Work

The costs of mental ill-health for individuals, employers and society at large are enormous. Mental illness is responsible for a very significant loss of potential labour supply, high rates of unemployment, and a high incidence of sickness absence and reduced productivity at work. Following an introductory report (Sick on the Job: Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work) and nine country reports, this final synthesis report summarizes the findings from the participating countries and makes the case for a stronger policy response.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DIETARY α-TOCOPHEROL ON OVARIAN MATURATION AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BROODSTOCK LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI (BOONE)

Abstract Effects of 4 grade levels of dietary α-tocopherol (37.82, 115.64, 349.42 and 522.56 mg kg−1 diet) on ovarian maturation and reproductive performance of broodstock shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated. The α-tocopherol concentrations in hepatopancreas, ovaries, eggs and muscle of female shrimp increased significantly as dietary α-tocopherol levels increased. Survival, spermatophore weight, sperm count, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), fecundity and egg diameter were not significantly affected by dietary α-tocopherol levels. Average daily spawns, hatching rate and fertilization rate significantly increased as dietary α-tocopherol levels increased. Results of this study confirmed the importance of supplementation of α-tocopherol to broodstock diets fed to L. vannamei, and suggested that at least 350 mg α-tocopherol kg−1 of diet was needed to achieve significantly better ovarian maturation and reproductive performance.
INFLUENCE OF AZOTOBACTER AND IAA ON SYMBIOTIC PERFORMANCE OF RHIZOBIUM AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF LENTIL

Effect of Azotobacter and indole acetic acid (IAA) on symbiosis and growth parameters of lentil was studied in pots at Soil Bacteriology Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the year 2008-09. Inocula were tested on lentil cultivar Masoor-93 at two levels of fertilizers (1230 and 24-60 kg NP/ha). Data showed that co-inoculation of Rhizobium and Azotobacter significantly excelled in biomass (27.67g/pot), number of nodules (68.6/plant), nodular mass (1.95 g/plant), root length (39 cm), shoot length (26.3cm), root weight (7.2 g/pot) and shoot weight (6.8g/pot) at full dose of fertilizer. Biomass yield with Rhizobium (27.13 g/pot) at full dose of fertilizer was also statistically at par. Chemical analysis of soil depicted that coinoculation of Rhizobium and Azotobacter at full and half dose of fertilizer provided non-significant but the highest percentage of nitrogen viz. 0.050 and 0.047, respectively. Statistically significant concentration of available phosphorus (16.63 and 15.50 mg/kg) was also observed in co-inoculation at both levels of fertilizers. Chemical analysis of plant matter showed significantly high value of nitrogen (4.4%) due to co-inoculation followed by Rhizobium alone (4.21%) at full dose of fertilizer. Phosphorus percentage of plant matter was statistically non-significant in all treatments but was higher than control. Co-inoculation at full dose of fertilizer showed significantly higher uptake of nitrogen (1.217 g/pot) and phosphorus (0.139g/pot) by plant than all other treatments. The results further revealed that inoculation of seed by Rhizobium and Azotobacter alone had positive effect on growth and yield parameters but co-inoculation produced better results.
Influence of Cyclophosphamide on the Haematological Profile of Laboratory Bred African Soft-furred Rats (Mastomys natalensis)

The African soft-furred rat ( Mastomys natalensis ) has been shown to be a possible model for propagationÂ of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense . This study aimed at determining the baseline biological reference valuesÂ and reproductive data of a laboratory bred Mastomys colony , which was established at TRC. In addition,Â the effect of cyclophosphamide (an immunosuppressant) treatment (s) on the haematological profileÂ was investigated. The mean gestation period was 23 days and the mean litter size was eight. At birth, theÂ pups weighed 2. 4Â±0.23 g and the weights increased to 78. 0Â±10.6 g in males and 53. 9Â±4.5 g in females byÂ 90 days. The mean haematological values were significantly (p<0.05) higher in adults than juveniles. Â However, there was no statistical difference of haematological values between the sexes. Â Cyclophosphamide treatment caused a macrocytic hypochromic anaemia, which was noted 24 hours afterÂ treatment and was more severe in animals treated more than once. Thus, in studies involving a disease thatÂ causes anaemia, repeated cyclophosphamide treatment should be limited. Our study is a contribution toÂ the clinical and biological characterization of the disease pattern in this preferred rodent model of T. b. Â gambiense. Â
A study of PDZ protein expression during the human papillomavirus life cycle

The E6 protein of oncogenic α-human papillomaviruses encodes a conserved C-terminal PDZ binding motif (PBM). Conservation of an overlapping kinase recognition site has shown that phosphorylation negatively regulates the E6:PDZ interaction. Many E6 PDZ targets are associated with signalling complexes that regulate cell proliferation and polarity. This study used primary keratinocyte-based models of HPV16 and 18 life cycles to investigate the expression of PDZ targets and the functional role of PBM phosphorylation. The data indicate that changes in total levels of major E6 PDZ targets are not associated with E6-PBM activity. Interestingly, transcription profiles of E6-PBM targets DLG1, PATJ and PTPN13 are dramatically changed in the presence of HPV16 and 18, whilst others remain unaffected. Further analysis of transcriptional changes of DLG1 revealed upregulation of specific alternatively spliced isoforms, including a novel isoform containing an exon previously thought to be intronic. This investigation revealed that phosphorylation of the PBM is linked to oncoprotein stability, presenting a potential regulatory mechanism of E6 PDZ interactions during the virus life cycle. Together, these data offer interesting new perspectives on interactions between oncogenic HPV types and PDZ domain-containing targets and indicate that deregulation of their function by the virus may occur through multiple mechanisms.
Buying biosecurity: UK compensation for animal diseases

Where there is a failure in market provision, one might well anticipate state intervention (Ogus 2004). In relation to biosecurity, it is not uncommon to find compensation provided by the state where diseased animals are slaughtered. For centuries this approach has formed the basis of veterinary epidemiology and state intervention in animal disease: in 1713 Thomas Bates, the surgeon to King George I, managed to eradicate cattle plague in England by slaughtering animals suspected of carrying the disease and compensating their owners. That such a system continues to support animal disease policy long after its first use is surprising. One might expect that such losses would be borne by the producer and the risks internalized by insurance or pricing mechanisms lest the ready payment of public compensation creates a moral hazard. In the UK, section 32 of the Animal Health Act 1981 embeds this approach allowing the Minister to arrange the slaughter of any animal which is affected, suspected of being affected or which has been exposed to the infection, in line with a number of European Commission directives.
Short-term Temporal Fluctuation of Very-nearshore Larval Fish Assemblages at the Arrábida Marine Park (Portugal)

BORGES, R. , VAZ, J., SERRAO, E.A. and GONCALVES, E.J., 2009. Short-term temporal fluctuation of verynearshore larval fish assemblages at the Arrabida Marine Park (Portugal). Journal of Coastal Research, SI 56 (Proceedings of the 10th International Coastal Symposium), 376 – 380. Lisbon, Portugal, ISSN 0749-0258 Understanding processes affecting fish recruitment and population connectivity is of major importance to the management of Marine Protected Areas. Fluctuations in recruitment of coastal fishes can be affected by processes occurring during the early life stages such as the dispersal and availability of larvae. In nearshore temperate environments, there is a lack of knowledge about the patterns of larval supply or biophysical interactions that may influence recruitment variability in these populations. With the objectives of investigating within season (Spring-Summer period) fluctuations that may affect recruitment, and of understanding patterns of larval retention close to the reefs, we used a plankton net attached to an underwater scooter to investigate weekly variation in the composition of fish larval assemblages, larval density and diversity and ontogenetic patterns of occurrence of fish larvae in the extreme nearshore environment of the Arrabida Marine Park (Portugal). The results from multivariate analysis (PERMANOVA and SIMPER) have showed a lower number of species dominating the assemblage, and significant differences in the abundance between species, when compared to previous studies. The presence of larvae in several developmental stages indicates some degree of retention. These findings are important to the management of the Marine Park.
EFFECT OF ALDICARB, ALDOXYCARB AND OXAMYL ON POTATO TUBER YIELDS AND ROOT LESION NEMATODES

In a 3-yr field study at Upton, Prince Edward Island, aldicarb at 1.12 and 2.24 kg a.i. ha−1 and oxamyl at 2.24 kg a.i. ha−1 were applied in the furrow with seed potatoes. Nematicide treatments increased tuber yields of Superior by 15.5% (4.6 t ha−1) and yields of Russet Burbank by 9.3% (3.4 t ha−1). Shepody did not respond to nematicide treatments. The effect of aldicarb on average yields of all three cultivars did not differ from that of oxamyl, nor did yields at the higher rate of aldicarb differ from those at the lower rate. In a two-year field study at Harrington, Prince Edward Island, aldicarb and aldoxycarb applied at a rate of 2.24 kg a.i. ha−1 increased yields of Superior by similar amounts of about 40% (9.4 t ha−1). Oxamyl applied at the same rate in the second year had the same impact on yields as aldicarb or aldoxycarb. Nematicide treatments reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans) in roots and soil at Upton. Both rates of aldicarb had a similar impact, b.
Growth and variation in the bacula of polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) in the Canadian Arctic

Structure and growth of the baculum (os penis) in arctoid carnivores have been well described for many species. This study presents the first extensive analysis of bacular growth and variation for bears (Ursidae), based on 871 bacula of polar bears Ursus maritimus (858 of known age) that were shot in the Canadian Arctic from 1994 to 1997. Bacular length, maximal diameter and mass increased from 109 mm, 5.93 mm and 2.68 g respectively in 1-year-old bears (n = 34) to 190 (maximum 222) mm, 18.7 (24.4) mm, and 20.4 (31.9) g respectively in bears ≥ 10 years of age (n > 200). Bacular length is ∼ 8% of body length in adults. Bacula were moderately variable in size: coefficient of variation for length, diameter, and mass 1/3 were 5.2, 10.0 and 5.4% respectively (16.3% for mass). No geographic variation in size was apparent. Bacula reached asymptotic size at 8–9 years of age. At physiological sexual maturity (∼ 6 years of age), bacula were at 89, 73 and 62% of asymptotic length, diameter and mass respectively (compared with body length at ∼ 95%). Interpretation of these findings must await behavioural and physiological information on courtship and copulation in the polar bear, and comparative data on other ursids.
STRIPES DO NOT A ZEBRA MAKE, PART I: A CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF EQUUS

Bennett, D. K. (Department of Systematics and Ecology, The University of Kansas and Museum of Natural History, Lawrence, Kansas 66045) 1980. Stripes do not a zebra make, part I: A cladistic analysis of Equus. Syst. Zool. , 29:282-287. -Living and extinct species in Equus have not been reviewed for nearly a century. More than twenty morphological, mostly cranial characters of Equus and Dinohippus are here explained; synapomorphies uniting Equus and Dinohippus and autapomorphies within Equus are discussed. Significant outgroups compared are Dinohippus Quinn, Astrohippus Stirton, and Neohipparion Gidley. Cladistic analysis indicates that Equus is a monophyletic taxon closely related to Dinohippus, and that Equus can reasonably be divided into two (and only two) subgenera, Equus (Equus) and Equus (Asinus), each of which is characterized by a suite of autapomorphic features. The North American fossil record contains close relatives of every living species of equid except E. quagga. An examination of the zoogeographic implications of the cladistic hypothesis here presented indicates a complex pattern of migration from North America to Eurasia during Blancan through late Pleistocene time, and a strong zoogeographic relationship between Africa and North America demonstrated by the equids. [Cladistics; Equus; zoogeography; fossil horses; phylogeny. ] The living and extinct species of the genus Equus have not been reviewed
Welfare issues of modern deer farming

Abstract This paper will start with briefly outlining the recent domestication history of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama), followed by a description of the present status of modern deer farming. It will then review the main welfare issues of deer farming. The following aspects will be considered: accommodation and housing, management and handling, nutrition (feed and water provision), transport and slaughter, plus a short mention of velvet harvest. As a summary, the following practices can be recommended to ensure animal welfare in modern deer farming: the adoption of suitable housing systems and of adequate management techniques (e.g. specific handling pens and drop-floor cradles or crushes) and the respect of specific needs (e.g. provision of protection and shelter from predators as well as from climatic extremes, such as cold winds or direct solar radiation). Handling and yarding operations will be easier when they occur in dim light. Special attention must be paid to the manipulation of the newborns. At the slaughterhouse, facilities must be designed specifically for deer. The presence of well trained stockpersons, with a sound knowledge of deer physiology and behaviour, is also a key-factor for improving welfare levels in deer farms. To achieve these aims, training of the managers and stockpersons and the adoption of specific codes of conducts are highly recommendable.
Adaptation and Specialization in the Evolution of Bacterial Metabolism

Specialization is a balance of evolutionary adaptation and its accompanying costs. Here we focus on the Lenski Long-Term Evolution Experiment, which has maintained cultures of Escherichia coli in the same, defined seasonal environment for 50,000 generations. This dissertation explores the extent and means by which metabolic specialization occurs over an extended period in the same environment. Chapter 1 provides an overview and introduction of the problem. In Chapter 2 we investigated the acquired dependence on citrate for optimal growth of some of the adapting populations. Earlier work uncovered that one of the adapting populations gained the ability to utilize citrate as a sole carbon source. We showed that in addition to this population, three other lineages evolving in parallel began to rely on citrate as a chelator of iron for optimal growth on glucose. This specialization seemed to have occurred through loss of function, most consistent with the accumulation of mutations in iron transport genes that were obviated by abundant citrate. In Chapter 3 we examined changes in fitness of the evolving populations on carbon sources other than the glucose on which they adapted. We demonstrated that declines in performance were much less widespread than suggested by previous results, and surprisingly accompanied by improvements on a variety of substrates. Strains with higher mutation rate exhibited significantly more declines, and these were ameliorated by growth at lower temperature. These findings suggested that specialization does not
Consensus Sequences as Targets for Phosphorylation of Amino Acids in Phosphoproteins: Statistical Computing Analysis

Phosphorylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) of a protein on hydroxyl function of Ser/Thr/Tyr (O-linked phosphorylation) or on amino function of His (N-linked phosphorylation) by a phosphate group utilising a specific kinase. Post translational modification has effect on protein conformation and as a consequence results in alteration of protein's function. Present study analyzes the putative target sequence of O-phosphorylation of Ser, Thr and Tyr. The objective is to evaluate the preferential pattern of amino acids on both (right and left) sides of O-phosphorylated amino acid. Calculation of frequency of occurrence of each amino acid around O-linked phosphorylated amino acid residue followed by deviation parameter will serve as the source to define preferential behaviour of each amino acid to develop possible consensus prerequisite pattern for O-linked phosphorylation. These patterns will provide with means to predict phosphorylation potential of proteins and its multifunctional nature based on dynamic and reversible phosphorylation at specific sites.
Sphaerolejeunea umbilicata (Lejeuneaceae): A Critically Endangered Epiphyllous Liverwort of the Andes

Abstract Sphaerolejeunea umbilicata Herzog, the only species of the genus Sphaerolejeunea Herzog, was until now known only from the type material collected in the Andes of Colombia in 1922. This critically endangered epiphyllous liverwort was rediscovered recently in the understory of a lower montane rainforest in northern Peru. It stands out by its leaf lobes bordered by hyaline cells, strongly inflated lobules, and terete perianths without keels or beak. The sporophyte, described here for the first time, is characterized by the seta made up of 4 + 12 cells, valves remaining suberect after dehiscence, the inner tangential capsule walls lacking fenestrate, sheet-like thickenings, and the 18 marginal and 4 additional elaters lacking spiral bands. Based on morphological similarities, Sphaerolejeunea is considered to be closely related to Lejeunea. In the present paper a complete description with illustrations is presented as well as a discussion of the ecology of the species, the systematic position and generic affinity of Sphaerolejeunea within the Lejeuneaceae, and its conservation status.
Resolving patterns of population genetic and phylogeographic structure to inform control and eradication initiatives for brown rats Rattus norvegicus on South Georgia

Summary The control and eradication of invasive species is a common management strategy to protect or restore native biodiversity. On South Georgia in the Southern Ocean, the brown rat Rattus norvegicus was brought onto the island with the onset of whaling and sealing activity in the 1800s and has had a significant detrimental impact on key bird species of conservation concern. Efforts to eradicate rats from South Georgia using poisoned bait are ongoing. Despite the South Georgia rat eradication programme being the geographically largest and most ambitious eradication initiative to date, its success is facilitated by the potential that rat populations are effectively isolated by glacial barriers. This allows for localized eradication effort at manageable scales, leading to sequential eradication of individual populations with minimal risk of incursion from neighbouring areas. Here, we use the levels of population genetic divergence estimated from 299 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and DNA sequence variation across 993 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome B locus to examine whether rat populations from nine glacially isolated areas on South Georgia are genetically distinct and so can be treated as independent eradication units. Bayesian clustering of individuals based on SNP similarity identified seven different genetic groups, which were confirmed using analyses based on pairwise genetic distance estimates and ordination of individuals using principal coordinate analysis. From a management perspective, these seven groups represent individual targets in baiting operations. Two mtDNA haplotypes were resolved across South Georgia, with a distinct geographical separation between the north-western and south-eastern populations. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) was used to identify that this divergence was a consequence of two separate historical colonization events. Synthesis and applications. We illustrate that molecular markers are a valuable tool in species management and pest eradication given that the spatial distribution of genetic diversity can: (i) identify demographically and genetically independent populations on which local eradication effort can be focussed, (ii) distinguish between incomplete eradication and immigration in situations where individuals remain after eradication has been attempted and (iii) identify the source of migrants when dispersal occurs over large spatial scales.
Genetic divergence studies in different nut and kernel characters of diverse walnut (Juglans regia L.) germplasm

Exotic cultivars introduced from abroad and local selections from seedling population of walnut were subjected to Non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis based on 12 nut and kernel characters. Studied accessions were grouped into four clusters, where cluster 1 and 3 had majority of the accessions. The clustering pattern of walnut genotypes belonging to the same eco-geographical region revealed their distribution in more than one cluster showing between geographic and genetic diversity. The first component presented maximum eigen root value and per cent variation. The mean intra and inter cluster distance (D) revealed that cluster 4 had highest intra cluster distance (2.206), while the inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster 3 and 4 (5.806). Maximum mean nut yield, nut length, nut weight and kernel weight was recorded in cluster 4, whereas, maximum kernel percentage and fat percentage was recorded in cluster 1 and 2, respectively. Minimum shell thickness was observed in cluster 2. The accessions of cluster 3 and 4 were found highly diverse from each other and will give better segregants after hybridization which can be used as a parent in further breeding programme.