Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the composition of cultured and wild caught European eel (Anguilla anguilla), particularly regarding lipids.

Fillet, liver and visceral fat depots from wild caught eels (mean weight 101 g and 335 g) and farmed eel (mean weight 482 g) were analysed for gross composition and the lipids for fatty acid composition. Lipid contents and dry matter in fillet increased with size and feeding, whereas no differences were found in protein and glycogen contents. The liver glycogen content increased up to about 5% of the liver weight with size and feeding, indicating that eel stores the glycogen mainly in the liver. A higher level of 18:lm9 in fillet and liver in the larger eel compared to the smaller suggests an active de novo synthesis. The levels of 18:2w6 and 20: lw9 in fillet and visceral fat depots of fanned eel showed the influence of the diet. The fatty acid composition of the liver lipids points to some transformation of dietary 18:2w6 to 20:4w6 through desaturation and elongation and a preferred energy utilization of the dietary 22: l w1 1.
Pengaruh Konservatisme Akuntansi Terhadap Underpricing Saham IPO (Initial Public Offering)

This study examines how the effect of accounting conservatism to IPO’s underpricing and information asymmetry effect the association of accounting conservatism with IPO’s underpricing. The sample of this study using the 97 a-shares companies that went public through IPO’s at both Indonesia Stock Exchage during 2015-2018. Sampling was done by using total sampling method. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from annual report companys and stock price. Based on regression analysis with Eviews9 we find (1) Accounting conservatism has no effect to IPO’s underpricing. (2) Has no effect of high information asymmetry or low information asymmetry on association between accounting conservatism and IPO’s underpricing.
Investigation of the effects of adenosine and purine nucleoside analogues on the viability of human breast cancer cells

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the UK and so there is a need to develop new treatments for this. The aims of these studies were to investigate the effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists, the endogenous compounds adenosine and 2 ’-deoxyadenosine and the clinically used purine nucleoside analogues on the viability of breast cancer cells in vitro. Initial studies identified the expression of all four adenosine receptors in the MCF-7 (ER-positive) and MDAMB231 (ER-negative) breast cancer cell lines but these receptors were not involved per se in maintaining cell viability. Adenosine and 2’-deoxyadenosine were able to reduce cell viability by mechanisms involving adenosine receptor activation in the MCF-7 cells, a reduction in extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation in the MDAMB231 cells and intracellular phosphorylation by adenosine kinase in both cell lines. Further studies identified that the clinically used 2’-deoxyadenosine analogue, clofarabine, had equal potency in the ER-negative cell lines compared to a leukaemia cell line in vitro. The ER-positive cells were 8 - fold more resistant to clofarabine, however. Inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase appeared to be the primary mechanism of action of clofarabine and cladribine, but not fludarabine in the MCF-7 and MDAMB231 cell lines. ERK 1/2 signalling was also partly required for the action of clofarabine in the MDAMB231, but not the MCF-7 cells. Studies on the resistance of clofarabine in ER-positive cells identified that increased basal expression of the metabolising enzyme, cytostolic 5’-nucleotidase II and the ribonucleotide reductase subunit, p53R2, were correlated with decreased sensitivity to clofarabine. Drug-induced p53R2 expression in p53 wild-type MCF-7 cells also contributed to resistance. The present study highlights the potential for clofarabine as a treatment for breast cancers, particularly ER-negative cancers where patients have a very poor prognosis.
Upregulation of human endogenous retrovirus-K (HML-2) mRNAs in hepatoblastoma: Identification of potential new immunotherapeutic targets and biomarkers.

PURPOSE Hepatoblastoma is the most common liver malignancy in children. In order to advance therapy against hepatoblastoma, novel immunologic targets and biomarkers are needed. Our purpose in this investigation is to examine hepatoblastoma transcriptomes for the expression of a class of genomic elements known as Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERVs). HERVs are abundant in the human genome and are biologically active elements that have been associated with multiple malignancies and proposed as immunologic targets in a subset of tumors. A sub-family of HERVs, HERV-K(HML-2) (HERV-K), have been shown to be tightly regulated in fetal development, making investigation of these elements in pediatric tumors paramount. METHODS We first created a HERVK-FASTA file utilizing 91 previously described HML-2 proviruses. We then concatenated the file onto the GRCh38.95 cDNA library from Ensembl. We used this reference database to evaluate existing RNA-seq data from 10 hepatoblastoma tumors and 3 normal liver controls (GEO accession ID: GSE8977575). Quantification and differential proviral expression analysis between hepatoblastoma and normal liver controls was performed using the pseudo-alignment program Salmon and DESeq2, respectively. RESULTS HERV-K mRNA was expressed in hepatoblastoma from multiple proviral loci. All expressed HERV-K proviral loci were upregulated in hepatoblastoma compared to normal liver controls. Five HERV-K proviruses (1q21.3, 3q27.2, 7q22.2, 12q24.33 and 17p13.1) were significantly differentially expressed (p-adjusted value <0.05, |log2 fold change| > 1.5) across conditions. The provirus at 17p13.1 had an approximately 300-fold increased expression in hepatoblastoma as compared to normal liver. This was in part due to the near absence of HERV-K mRNA at the 17p13.1 locus in fully differentiated liver samples. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation demonstrates that HERV-K is expressed from multiple loci in hepatoblastoma and that the expression is increased for several proviruses compared to normal liver controls. Our results suggest that HERV-K mRNA expression may be useful as a biomarker in hepatoblastoma, given the large differential expression profiles in hepatoblastoma, with very low mRNA levels in liver control samples.
Predicción de la composición química del grano de sorgo mediante espectroscopía de reflectancia cercana al infrarrojo (NIRS)

En la calibracion de un equipo de infrarrojo cercano (NIRS, por sus siglas en ingles) para predecir la composicion quimica del grano de sorgo, se utilizaron 216 muestras de tres anos (1996, 1997 y 1998), a las cuales se les determino densidad, humedad, proteina cruda, fibra detergente neutro (FDN) y taninos. Se obtuvo su espectro de NIRS empleando un equipo con 19 filtros discretos. A los resultados del analisis quimico se les realizo un estudio de estadistica descriptiva (promedio ,minimo, maximo, desviacion estandar y coeficiente de variacion) y se compararon las muestras de cada ano segun un diseno completamente al azar. Los resultados muestran que el contenido de taninos tuvo diferencias significativas (P0.05) siendo 8.18 % el contenido promedio. El coeficiente de determinacion (R2) de las ecuaciones de regresion obtenidas con el NIRS fue alto para humedad (0.96), proteina cruda (0.93) y FDN (0.74). Para predecir taninos se desarrollaron dos ecuaciones: la primera para sorgos con bajas concentraciones de taninos (0.12 a 0.45 %) y la segunda para niveles de 0.47 a 1.07 %, en las dos ecuaciones la R2 fue baja, 0.58 y 0.52 respectivamente. Se concluye que el NIRS fue capaz de predecir el contenido de humedad, proteina cruda y FDN. Se requiere mejorar la prediccion del contenido de taninos.
Drivers of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure Associated with Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Differ at Regional vs. Local Spatial Scales in Northern China

Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, a widely planted tree species, is facing long-lasting, unresolved degradation in desertified Northern China. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are closely related to the stand status, because they substantially participate in ecological processes of terrestrial forest ecosystems. EMF may be key to solving the introduction recession. Therefore, we performed DNA sequencing of P. sylvestris root samples from plantations and natural forests as control to characterize the EMF from semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions, using ITS Illumina sequencing and conventional soil physicochemical index determination. The results indicated that (1) the dominant EMF genera were Suillus, Rhizopogon, and Wilcoxina in the Hulunbuir, Mu Us, and Horqin Sandy Lands, respectively. Their dominance retained with stand ageing. (2) Plantation EM fungal diversity differs significantly among the three sandy lands and was significantly lower than in natural forest. The diversity varied with stand age, showing distinct trends at the local scale. (3) At the regional scale, the mean annual sunshine times and the soil organic carbon content affect EMF diversity. The community composition and structure were more characterized by temperature and precipitation. At the local scale, besides the soil organic carbon content, the EM fungal community composition and structure were correlated with total nitrogen and phosphorus content (Hulunbuir), the total phosphorus content (Mu Us), and the pH and total soil porosity (Horqin). The EM fungal community composition and structure have the obvious geographical distribution variation; they were strongly correlated with the meteorological elements and soil nutrients at the regional scale. At the local scale, they were jointly driven by stand age and soil properties. This improved information contributes to increasing the understanding of the interaction between EMF and forest ecosystems and guides sustainable forest management of degraded P. sylvestris plantations.
Improved Understanding of the Link Between Catchment‐Scale Vegetation Accessible Storage and Satellite‐Derived Soil Water Index

The spatiotemporal dynamics of water volumes stored in the unsaturated root zone are a key control on the response of terrestrial hydrological systems. Robust, catchment‐scale root‐zone soil moisture estimates are thus critical for reliable predictions of river flow, groundwater recharge, or evaporation. Satellites provide estimates of near‐surface soil moisture that can be used to approximate the moisture content in the entire unsaturated root zone through the Soil Water Index (SWI). The characteristic time length (T, in days), as only parameter in the SWI approach, characterizes the temporal variability of soil moisture. The factors controlling T are typically assumed to be related to soil properties and climate; however, no clear link has so far been established. In this study, we hypothesize that optimal T values (Topt) are linked to the interplay of precipitation and evaporation during dry periods, thus to catchment‐scale vegetation accessible water storage capacities in the unsaturated root zone. We identify Topt by matching modeled time series of root‐zone soil moisture from a calibrated process‐based hydrological model to SWI from several satellite‐based near‐surface soil moisture products in 16 contrasting catchments in the Meuse river basin. Topt values are strongly and positively correlated with vegetation accessible water volumes that can be stored in the root zone, here estimated for each study catchment both as model calibration parameter and from a water‐balance approach. Differences in Topt across catchments are also explained by land cover (% agriculture), soil texture (% silt), and runoff signatures (flashiness index).
The Response of Chickpea Cultivars to Field Water Deficit

An experiment was carried out in 2006 to investigate the effects of different irrigation regimes (I1, I2, I3 and I4 for irrigation after 80, 110, 140 and 170 mm evaporation from class A pan, respectively) on ground cover, yield and yield components of four chickpea cultivars (Arman, ILC and Jam from kabuli type and Pirooz from desi type) in the field. In most stages of crop growth and development, the ground cover of ILC under different irrigation regimes was higher than that of the other cultivars. The ground cover of all chickpea cultivars was reduced, as water deficit severity increased. Grain yield and yield components were significantly affected by irrigation regimes. Mean grains per plant, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per unit area for I4 were significantly lower than those for other irrigation regimes, but these traits did not differ significantly among I1, I2 and I3. Thus, irrigation after 140 mm evaporation from class A pan could be a suitable irrigation regime for chickpea cultivars, when water resources are limited. Grains per plant did not differ significantly among chickpea cultivars. In comparison, the largest and the smallest grains were obtained from ILC and Pirooz, respectively. In general, mean 1000 grain weight of kabuli type cultivars was higher than that of desi type cultivar. The superiority of ILC in ground cover and 1000 grain weight resulted in higher grain yield, compared to other cultivars. However, no significant differences in grain yield of Arman, Jam and Pirooz were observed. Interaction of cultivar x irrigation for ground cover, grain weight and grain yield per unit area was not significant, indicating that ILC was a superior cultivar under both well and limited irrigation conditions.
The concept of labour migration from the perspective of Central and Eastern Europe

The present paper overviews academic literature and statistics related to labour migration in part where it concerns Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), with special attention paid to Hungary. It aims to discover the main notions and results of European migration along with potential future trends. The paper, inter alia, focuses on the changing characteristics of host countries’ labour markets and demographic profiles. It has found that CEE’s involvement in intercontinental migration is expected to continue, and is driven by demographic and economic catalysts. Therefore, to address all related issues and map trends, not only an economic perspective is required. The conclusion is that preparation for integration of the newly arrived labour force is a permanent ongoing task for all employers and policymakers, as well as for the entire society.
Accurate Deep Model for Electricity Consumption Forecasting Using Multi-channel and Multi-Scale Feature Fusion CNN–LSTM

Electricity consumption forecasting is a vital task for smart grid building regarding the supply and demand of electric power. Many pieces of research focused on the factors of weather, holidays, and temperatures for electricity forecasting that requires to collect those data by using kinds of sensors, which raises the cost of time and resources. Besides, most of the existing methods only focused on one or two types of forecasts, which cannot satisfy the actual needs of decision-making. This paper proposes a novel hybrid deep model for multiple forecasts by combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm without additional sensor data, and also considers the corresponding statistics. Different from the conventional stacked CNN–LSTM, in the proposed hybrid model, CNN and LSTM extracted features in parallel, which can obtain more robust features with less loss of original information. Chiefly, CNN extracts multi-scale robust features by various filters at three levels and wide convolution technology. LSTM extracts the features which think about the impact of different time-steps. The features extracted by CNN and LSTM are combined with six statistical components as comprehensive features. Therefore, comprehensive features are the fusion of multi-scale, multi-domain (time and statistic domain) and robust due to the utilization of wide convolution technology. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed method on three natural subsets associated with electricity consumption. The comparative study shows the state-of-the-art performance of the proposed hybrid deep model with good robustness for very short-term, short-term, medium-term, and long-term electricity consumption forecasting.
The digital terrain model in the computational modelling of the flow over the Perdigão site: the appropriate grid size

Abstract. The digital terrain model (DTM), the representation of earth's surface at regularly spaced intervals, is the first input in the computational modelling of atmospheric flows. The ability of computational meshes based on high- (2 m; airborne laser scanning, ASL), medium- (10 m; military maps, Mil) and low-resolution (30 m; Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, SRTM) DTMs to replicate the Perdigão experiment site was appraised in two ways: by their ability to replicate the two main terrain attributes, elevation and slope, and by their effect on the wind flow computational results. The effect on the flow modelling was evaluated by comparing the wind speed, wind direction and turbulent kinetic energy using VENTOS®/2 at three locations, representative of the wind flow in the region. It was found that the SRTM was not an accurate representation of the Perdigão site. A 40 m mesh based on the highest-resolution data yielded an elevation error of less than 1.4 m and an RMSE of less than 2.5 m at five reference points compared to 5.0 m in the case of military maps and 7.6 m in the case of the SRTM. Mesh refinement beyond 40 m yielded no or insignificant changes on the flow field variables, wind speed, wind direction and turbulent kinetic energy. At least 40 m horizontal resolution – threshold resolution – based on topography available from aerial surveys is recommended in computational modelling of the flow over Perdigão.
Trade-off between growth and immune function: a meta-analysis of selection experiments

1. Evidence suggests that developing and maintaining an effective immune system may be costly and that an organism has to make a trade-off between immune function and other fitness-enhancing traits. To test for a trade-off between growth and immune function we carried out a meta-analysis of data from lines of poultry that had been divergently selected for either growth (body mass) or an aspect of immune function. This is relevant to our understanding of the evolution of immune function, but also because the increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and calls to restrict the use of antibiotics in the agricultural industry has made immune function of livestock an important theme. Has the selection of animals for rapid growth unintentionally resulted in reduced immune function? 2. The lines selected for increased growth all showed a strong and significant decrease in immune function (standard difference in means = 0·8; P < 0·001). No difference was found between the effects on cellular or humoral immunity, although there were few data on cellular immunity, and hence this deserves more study. However, in the lines selected for immune function the effect on growth was heterogeneous and overall it was close to zero. 3. Testing for publication bias revealed that the effect of selection for body mass on immune function was robust. However, there was considerable heterogeneity in both body mass and immune function data. The heterogeneity in the growth-selected lines cannot be accounted for by gender or species: the only turkey line had an effect size between that of the two chicken lines. 4. In conclusion, we found that selection for growth does indeed compromise immune function, but selection for immune function did not consistently affect growth. This is in agreement with the supposition that the costs of growth are large relative to the costs of immune function, and on a practical level this suggests that it may be possible to breed animals for increased growth without loss of immune function.
The sources and seasonal fluxes of particulate organic carbon in the Yellow River

The Yellow River transports a large amount of sediment and particulate organic carbon (POC), which is thought to mainly derive from erosion of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). However, the compositions, sources and erosional fluxes of POC in the Yellow River remain poorly constrained. Here we combined measurements of mineralogy, total organic carbon content (OCtotal), stable organic carbon isotopes (δ13Corg), radiocarbon (14C) activity of organic matter in bulk suspended sediments collected seasonally from the upper and middle Yellow River, to quantify the compositions and fluxes of the POC and to assess its sources (biospheric and petrogenic POC, i.e. POCbio and POCpetro, respectively). The results showed that the POC loading of sediments was controlled by mineralogy, grain size and specific surface area of loess particles. The Fmod of POC (0.71 to 0.31) can be explained by mixing of POCpetro with modern and aged POCbio. A binary mixing model based on the hyperbolic relationship of the Fmod and OCtotal revealed a wide range of ages of POCbio from 1300 to 11100 14C years.
Cloning and high level expression of bovine interferon gamma gene in eukaryotic cells (COS-7)

Summary Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is one of the key cytokines in defining T helper 1 lymphocyte immune responses. In this study, the bovine IFN-γ gene was cloned from spleen tissue RNA using the r everse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IFN-γ cDNA was sub-cloned and expressed in mammalian expression plasmid (pcDNA3.1 (+)) under the control of the human cytomegalovirus (C MV) promoter. The predicted amino acid (aa) sequence of bovine IFN-γ compared with corresponding known sequence from bovine (Bos taurus ) was 100% identity and with ovine, caprine, camel, lama, equine, canine, feline, human, mice and chicken cytokine was 95, 95, 86, 83, 77, 75, 75, 61, 44 and 35%, respectively. In- vitro expression of recombinant bovine IFN-γ (rBoIFN-γ) and secretion to culture medium was confirmed by ELISA test. Maximum expression of rBoIFN-γ occurred at 96 and 144 h after transfection in COS -7 cells. These results showed that pcDNA3.1 expression vector and COS-7 cells transfected by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-dextran allowed the high level expression of bovine IFN-γ gene and the release of protein in supernatant of cell culture.
Determinant of Accounting Understanding

: This study was made to determine the effect of perception of intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and learning behavior on understanding accounting. The collection method was carried out by distributing questionnaires to Tarumanagara University students. The questionnaire was distributed from March to May 2019. Data processing methods were carried out using partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that emotional intelligence and learning behavior have no influence students on understanding accounting. Perception of intellectual intelligence possessed by students only influence on understanding Accounting Principle 1 and Accounting Principle 2. Emotional intelligence has no influence on understanding accounting. Spiritual intelligence possessed by students only influences on understanding of Accounting Principle 1. Learning behavior has no influence on understanding accounting.