Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study on microbiological profile and risk factors of breast abscess cases attending a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata

INTRODUCTION: Primary breast abscesses occur both in the puerperal and nonpuerperal settings and affect women of all ages. Breast abscesses are a common complication of the postpartum period afflicting 9%–33% of all lactating women. Incision and drainage with postoperative antibiotic drugs has been suggested as the treatment of choice but data regarding the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility is lacking. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To find out the risk factors, bacteriological profile along with antibiotic susceptibility pattern of breast abscess cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 136 breast abscess cases were studied over a period of 1 year to identify the risk factors and to isolate the organisms. RESULTS: Among 136 cases 88 (64.7%) were suffering from puerperal breast abscess whereas 48 (35.3%) patients suffered from nonpuerperal breast abscess. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen, of which 57.35% showed methicillin resistance. Young age, primiparous, difficulty in lactation came out to be the most important risk factors for development of puerperal breast abscess whereas diabetes mellitus was the predominant risk factor for nonpuerperal breast abscess. DISCUSSION: This is the first study from India in recent past to evaluate the susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from breast abscesses as well as risk factors for development of breast abscesses which highlights probably the emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus as a predominant pathogen of breast abscess cases.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN (ALBUMIN) IKAN KUTUK TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KADAR ALBUMIN PADA PASIEN POST OPERASI DENGAN HIPOALBUMIN DI RUANG GRAHA HITA RSUD dr. ISKAK TULUNGAGUNG

Low albumin levels slow the immune response in the face of infection so that the healing process of wounds become too late and fish the curse is one of the producers of albumin source is high. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of allotment (albumin) fish curses to increased levels of albumin in patients post operation with hipoalbumin at the Graha Hita RSUD dr Iskak Tulungagung. Design his research pre his experiments with use the model one group pre-prosperous – test post test design. The population is all patients post an operation with hipoalbumin in space Graha Hita RSUD dr. Iskak Tulungagung. Sampling techniques used technique purposive sampling with large sample 20 respondents. Variable having an independent mind is giving ( albumin ) fish curse and variable dependen elevated levels of albumin. The instruments use pieces of observational. Time research conducted date 1 to 31 Desember 2012. Test statistics used paired t-test to level error (α) 0,05. The research results obtained by albumin levels before given (albumin) fish the curse of almost half of the respondents albumin levels less (< 3,5 g/dl) as 6 respondents (30%) and then given (albumin) fish almost almost all from the curse of the respondents albumin levels are normal (3.5-5 g/dl) as many as 17 respondents (85%). Analysis of the results obtained by the p-value value 0,000 < 0,05 which means influence awarding of 0.05 (albumin) fish curses to increased levels of albumin in patients post operation with hipoalbumin at the Graha Hita RSUD dr Iskak Tulungagung. The level of albumin after given ( albumin ) fish curse in patients post operation increase of respondents formerly levels of albuminnya less (< 3,5 g/dl) into normal (3.5-5 g/dl). With high ( albumin ) fish of the curse, then need to be given to the patient post surgery to help speed up the process of healing wounds former operation.
Comparative Ecology and Conservation of Rare Native Broom, Carmichaelia (Fabaceae), South Island, New Zealand

xv 1 General Introduction . 1 1.1 Background.1 1.2 Objective and Research Approach . 9 2 Study Area. 11 2.1 Geography.11 2.2 Geology and Geomorphology . 12 2.3 Climate.13 2.4 Fauna and Flora . 15 3 Carmichaelia Species Native New Zealand Broom . 17 3.1 General Description.17 3.2 Evolution . 20 3.3 Study Species . 20 3.3.1 Carmichaelia astonii . 22 3.3.2 Carmichaelia australis . 24 3.3.3 Carmichaelia crassicaule . 26 3.3. 4 Carmichaelia curta. 28 3.3. 5 Carmichaelia hollowayi. 30 3.3. 6 Carmichaelia juncea . 32 3.3. 7 Carmichaelia kirkii . 34 3.3. 8 Carmichaelia muritai. 36 3.3. 9 Carmichaelia stevensonii . 38 3.3.10 Carmichaelia vexillata. 40 ii 4 Habitat and Community Ecology of Carmichaelia . 42 4.
Persistent Metabolic Acidosis on Regular Hemodialysis or Peritoneal Dialysis

Metabolic acidosis is known to have adverse consequences in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) including protein-energy wasting, inflammation, bone disease, and disturbance in endocrine function. Unlike in the management of patients with predialysis CKD, bicarbonate levels were not being routinely monitored in dialysis patients at our center. The KDOQI guidelines recommend serum bicarbonate levels ≥22 mEq/L in patients on dialysis. We measured the predialysis serum bicarbonate levels in 100 adult patients on regular hemodialysis (HD) and 41 adult patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). We also studied the extent of rise in serum bicarbonate levels from predialysis levels after HD in our patients. Predialysis serum bicarbonate level was <22 mEq/L in 73% of patients on HD and 12% of patients on PD. The serum bicarbonate levels remained <22 mEq/L at the end of HD in 41% of patients on HD. Thirty-nine percent of patients were on a HD schedule of thrice a week, and 93% of PD patients performed three PD exchanges a day. The dialysate bicarbonate level was 34 mEq/L. There was a significant increase in serum bicarbonate levels with HD, but the mean postdialysis bicarbonate level was 23.45 mEq/L. A very high proportion of our patients on HD continued to have uncorrected metabolic acidosis, with metabolic acidosis persisting in the immediate postdialysis period in a significant number of patients. Predialysis serum bicarbonate level needs to be monitored in patients on HD. There is an urgent need to modify HD prescription to ensure better correction of metabolic acidosis in our HD population. Compared to HD, the proportion of patients having persistent metabolic acidosis is significantly lower in PD.
Systematic review of the utility of functional MRI to investigate internet addiction disorder: recent updates on resting state and task-based fMRI

Introduction: Internet addiction disorder (IAD) particularly the internet gaming disorder (IGD) is recognized as a type of addiction similar to substance abuse. This addiction carries similar social impact as the latter, as it can cause serious impairment of interpersonal relationship, and even deterioration of academic or occupational performances. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is able to act as a non-invasive objective biomarker to detect functional neuronal connectivity in areas of the brain affected by IAD by utilizing blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) imaging. Methods: A systematic review was conducted from original articles published from January 2014 to January 2017 that had the keywords “internet addiction” and fMRI. Results: Initial data collection had 170 articles, however after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 34 articles in the final analysis (17 resting-state fMRI studies and 18 task-based fMRI studies). The striatal nucleus and dopaminergic system demonstrated impaired functioning in subjects with IAD. Conclusion: Task-based and resting-state fMRI are able to detect areas of the brain that are activated in subjects with internet addiction, similar to those observed in subjects with substance abuse and other addictions. This review also introduces a newly arising subtype which is smartphone addiction disorder.
Is There Relation Between 25(OH) Vitamin D and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: Vitamin D level can affect pulmonary function in patient who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives: There are few studies that assess this subject, so we investigate the relation of Vitamin D and COPD. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted among the patients referred to the pulmonology clinic of Shahid Beheshti hospital of Hamadan, in which 68 of patients were assigned into the case group with COPD and 68 patients into the control group. Both groups were evaluated for respiratory differences as clinical or laboratory and the blood level of vitamin D was measured. Results: Of 136 evaluated participants with the mean age of 58.83 years old, 68 patients were studied as case group consisting of 2 females and 66 males. The results suggested that the serum level of vitamin D in COPD patients and control group patients were 22.22 ± 15.83 ng/mL and 27.47 ± 21.43 ng/mL, respectively. It was also found that there was a positive correlation between lung function and serum level of vitamin D in COPD. The greater the severity of COPD (forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV1] lower level) was, the more the vitamin D deficiency was seen. It was also clarified that there was an indirect correlation between the serum level of vitamin D in COPD patients and body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in COPD patients was more than that in control group patients. Due to the growing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in such patients, any use of vitamin D maybe suggested.
Protists in the soil food web of an arable field:Their density, taxonomic composition and functional role in carbon flux

Soil ecosystems are of fundamental importance for global carbon (C) cycling because they are the largest sinks and sources of terrestrial C. Therefore a detailed understanding of C fluxes through soil food webs is essential to predict ecosystem responses to anthropogenic CO2 enrichment of the atmosphere. Because organic C is also fundamental to the fertility of arable soils understanding of C cycling is inevitable to develop sustainable soil management strategies. Organic C enters the soil system via two different main routs: it is constantly released by plant roots in form of rhizodeposits and it enters the soil as dead organic matter (detritus). In both pathways C is directly acquired by diverse and highly active microorganisms. However, the C flux through microbial food webs is largely unknown predominantly due to the complex nature of trophic interactions. This PhD thesis is focusing on the functional role of protozoa in the rhizosphere and detritusphere of agricultural systems. Protozoa being at the base of soil food webs are assumed to be key-players in controlling the C flux from bacteria to higher trophic levels. Nevertheless the community composition in soil is largely unknown and the ecological importance of different protozoan taxa is even less understood. One aim of this thesis was to get deeper insights to the taxonomic composition and density of protozoan communities in arable soils. First the microbial food web was characterized at different soil depth and land management regimes. Further, the succession and functional roles of protozoan communities in controlling the flux of C in the rhizosphere and detritusphere was described in great detail and at high resolution. This study revealed highly dynamic and complex microbial food web interactions in soil and confirms the key-role of protozoa for the flow of C in agricultural soils.
Biomarkers of Major Depressive Disorder and Applications to Diagnosis and Treatment

This paper reviews recent research into potential biomarkers for major depressive disorder. These potential biomarkers are classified into one of three groups, including growth factors, cytokines, and glial marker proteins. In order to determine the relative reliability of these potential biomarkers, I examine how effectively these substances, upon measurement, indicate presence of disease and response to treatment. The results demonstrate that some biomarkers are more reliable than others, but a larger point emerges—that a comprehensive MDD biomarker test should be developed and MDD subtypes should be defined, so that individualized treatments based on subtype can be developed and administered.
Wnt signalling in the regulation of synapse formation and maintenance

The formation of functional neural circuits depends upon a huge excess of synapses forming, many of which are subsequently eliminated in an activity-dependent manner. Critically, robust mechanisms must be in place to ensure selected synapses are maintained. The coordinated gain, loss and maintenance of synapses require a complex molecular dialogue between pre and postsynaptic neurons involving multiple signals. In addition to establishing functional neuronal circuits, normal brain function requires the correct balance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. The distribution of excitatory and inhibitory inputs on a single neuron impacts significantly on its output, which in turn determines circuit formation and function. Whilst progress has been made in elucidating mechanisms that regulate synapse assembly, disassembly and maintenance, and the ratio between excitatory and inhibitory synapses, many aspects remain poorly understood. Wnt proteins are a diverse family of secreted glycoproteins known to stimulate synaptogenesis via Gsk3â. The aim of my thesis has been to further characterize the Wnt signaling pathway and determine whether Wnt7a is a pan-synaptogenic factor or if it preferentially stimulates the assembly of excitatory synapses. I have also explored a role for Wnt-mediated synaptic maintenance in mature synapses. My studies reveal that Wnt7a signals through a divergentcanonical Wnt pathway that is independent of transcription to specifically regulate presynaptic differentiation of excitatory synapses; inhibitory synapses are not affected. I also found that blockade of endogenous Wnt induces a rapid loss of synapses. Synapse disassembly was revealed by a coordinated loss of multiple pre- and postsynaptic proteins and neurotransmitter release sites. Ultrastructural analyses of remaining synapses revealed significant shrinkage of the active zone and postsynaptic density. To further explore synapse disassembly during Wnt-blockade, I imaged mature neurons expressing VAMP2-mRFP using time-lapse microscopy. Here I found that blockade of endogenous Wnt signaling rapidly induces disassembly of stable synaptic vesicle clusters. My results demonstrate that Wnt signaling plays two roles in hippocampal neurons. Firstly, Wnts promote the assembly of nascent excitatory synapses in young cultures. Secondly, Wnt signaling is required for synaptic maintenance in mature neurons. Synaptic maintenance is a novel role for Wnt signaling at synapses and this thesis work provides new insights into the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling modulates synapses in hippocampal neurons.
Contributions to the Leaf and Stem Anatomy of Tradescantia fluminensis: an Alien Species New to the Flora of Turkey

Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. (Commelinaceae) has been recorded as a new naturalised alien species for the flora of Turkey from NE Anatolia. Its description, detailed leaf and stem anatomical properties, measurements, and photographs are presented in this paper. It was observed that the stems have a primary structure, the central cylinder comprises 2 concentric rings of closed collateral vascular bundles, and the leaves are bifacial and hypostomatic, with tetracytic stomata cells. In addition, it was determined that the thickness of the leaf lamina is 326 ± 4.79 µm and average of stomatal length and stomatal index in the abaxial surface of the leaf is 51.70 ± 0.33 µm and 12.54 ± 1.33, respectively.
Performance of growing Japanese quails in cages, on slatted floor and on littered floor

The effects of housing systems (cage, slatted floor and littered floor) on growth performance and carcass characteristics were studied in a 35-days trial using 99 unsexed one-week-old Japanese quail chicks. The weight of birds reared in cages was not significantly different compared to their counterparts reared on slatted floor or littered floor from 28-days onwards. Feed conversion and liveability were almost similar in different treatment groups. However, there were consistent tendencies in caged birds to show superiority in weight gain, feed consumption and feed utilization. Systems of housing had no effect on dressing yield and yield contributing characters.
Manual de Métodos de Análise Microbiológica de Alimentos e Água

O Manual de métodos de análise microbiológica de alimentos e água é um manual de laboratório ilustrado contendo os métodos recomendados por órgãos internacionais (APHA, FDA, USDA, AOAC, ISO) aceitos pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Cada capítulo traz uma revisão profunda e atualizada sobre o(s) microrganismo(s) tratado(s), incluindo posição taxonômica, mudanças na nomenclatura, características morfológicas e bioquímicas e epidemiologia. Oferece também comparações esquemáticas entre os métodos disponíveis, destacando suas diferenças e similaridades. A apresentação didática do passo a passo dos métodos em figuras esquemáticas permite uma rápida apreensão dos procedimentos, facilitando sua execução no dia a dia dos laboratórios.
The metabolic engineering of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for production of n-butanol

The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is an attractive target for engineering novel metabolic pathways for the synthesis of useful compounds directly from CO2 as it is a naturally transformable, oxygenic photoautotroph and the genome has been sequenced. The compound n-butanol is a potential bio-fuel for direct replacement of petroleum, with little to no adjustment of the current infrastructure, as n-butanol has similar fuel characteristics to petroleum. To accomplish the aim, an integrative expression system was developed consisting of two plasmids, which integrated at the phaAB and phaEC loci. Integration at the phaEC site eliminated a competing pathway, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis. The two plasmids were used to introduce foreign genes into the genome under the control of promoters PphaA and PphaE. The expression system was validated and analysed using a luciferase reporter enzyme. The promoters were found to express under circadian rhythm, expression was increased in the dark and repressed in the light. In addition, under phosphate limitation the luciferase expression was increased three-fold and became constitutively expressed. Expression was strongly up-regulated in the stationary compared to the logarithmic growth phase. The genes for n-butanol biosynthesis pathway from Clostridium beijerinckii were introduced into Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under control of the PphaA and PphaE promoters; however, no butanol could be detected above background levels. Enzyme assays of the cell lysate showed that two of the enzymes activities could not be detected, indicating either the enzymes were inactive or being expressed below limits of detection. Replacement of the C. beijerinckii Bcd-complex with crotonyl-CoA reductase (Ccr) from Streptomyces collonius, along with codon optimisation of the remaining C. beijerinckii genes, generated strain SynRH-10, which synthesised 36 μg/L of culture in eight days and had a peak output of 14 μg/day/L of culture. The aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme was identified as a potential bottleneck and will require replacement to improve n-butanol output. The program Precog was developed to identify additional novel pathways from MetaCyc reaction and compound data. Several novel pathways were identified, in doing so it also identified Ccr as an additional putative bottleneck in the pathway. An engineering strategy and new pathway was proposed, based on the results of this research and from other studies, which could generate a strain capable of synthesising milligram quantities per litre of culture. iii
Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of Invasive Breast Cancer

Purpose Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are activated macrophages associated with tumor progression in various cancers. TAMs can polarize M1 or M2 type. M1 has a pro-inflammatory function and kills pathogens. Conversely, M2 shows immunosuppressive action and promotes tumor growth. There are various markers of TAMs. CD11c is considered as a specific marker of M1. CD163 is an optimal marker for M2. CD68 is known as a pan-macrophage marker. We evaluated the relationship between the clinicopathological parameters and immunohistochemical expressions of CD11c, CD163, and CD68 in invasive breast cancer (IBC), and the prognostic value of macrophage localization within the tumor stroma (TS) and tumor nest (TN). Methods Immunohistochemistry of CD68, CD11c, and CD163 was analyzed on tissue microarrays of 367 IBCs. The number of CD68+, CD11c+, or CD163+ macrophages in TN vs. TS was counted by 2 pathologists. The correlations between the degree of macrophage (CD68+, CD11c+, or CD163+) infiltration and the clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. We also assessed the impact of macrophages (CD68+, CD11c+, or CD163+) on disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results High numbers of macrophages (CD68+, CD11c+, or CD163+) were associated with higher histologic grade, higher Ki-67 proliferating index, estrogen receptor negativity, and progesterone receptor negativity. High numbers of macrophages (CD11c+ or CD163+) in TS were associated with a larger tumor size. Furthermore, CD163+ macrophages in TN were an independent prognostic marker of reduced OS and DFS. Conversely, CD11c+ macrophages in TS were an independent prognostic marker for higher OS and DFS. Conclusion TAMs, including M2 type, are associated with tumor progression in IBC. They can also act as a significant unfavorable or favorable prognostic factor. In addition to simply analyzing the degree of TAM infiltration, it is also important to analyze the location of TAMs.
A prospective study of pattern of hepatic dysfunction in dengue fever patient in coastal Andhra Pradesh, India

Background: DENV (dengue viral infection) is a non-hepatotropic RNA virus, but hepatic involvement is common. High level of viremia is associated with involvement liver and other organs. Present study is a prospective study which is aimed to know about the, pattern of hepatic involvement in dengue patients admitted in General Medicine Dept Konaseema Institute of Medical Science. Methods: This is a prospective hospital-based study conducted in the Department of General Medicine Konaseema Institute of Medical Science Amalapuram Andhra Pradesh, from December 2015 to December 2017. During two year of study period 126 clinically and serologically positive patients of Dengue fever, Dengue haemorrhagic fever and Dengue shock syndrome, classified as per the, definition of national vector borne disease control programme Govt. of India. Results: Mean value of total bilirubin was 0.8 mg/dl in DF patients, 0.96mg/dl in DHF patients and 1.08mg/dl in DSS patients. Mean value of AST was 77.44(IU/L) in DF group, 112.32 IU/L in DHF group and 486.28 in DSS group. In DF group mean ALT in DHF group was 94.36 (IU/L) and it was 386.42 IU/L in DSS group. Mean value of serum albumin was 3.97 gm/dl in DF group, 3.65 gm/dl in DHF group and 3.49 gm/dl in DSS group. Serum globulin mean value was 2.98mg/dl in DF group, 2.86 gm/dl in DHF group and 2.69 gm/dl in DSS group. Serum alkaline phosphate level was also increased in all the groups, mean value of ALP was 118.46 IU/L in DF group, 164.32 IU/L in DF group, 164.32 IU/L in DHF patients and 342.42 IU/L in DSS group. Conclusions: The pattern of hepatic involvement of liver in dengue fever varies as per the severity of disease. In milder case of dengue fever liver function test was normal but there was hepatomegaly was present commonly but in severe form of disease pattern of hepatic involvement varies from tender hepatomegaly to significant increase in liver enzyme.