Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efflux Pumps Modulation in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines: The Role of Nuclear Medicine

Introduction: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major problems of chemotherapy. Overexpression of efflux pumps, such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multiple resistance-related protein 1 (MRP-1) and lung resistance protein (LRP) can lead to MDR. Verapamil and L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) are two modulators of these proteins. This study aims to compare 99mTc-Sestamibi transport kinetics in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines, in the presence and absence of the MDR modulators verapamil and BSO. Material and Methods: MDR proteins expression was evaluated in sensitive (WiDr) and resistant (LS1034) human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Intracellular and plasma membrane Pgp and MRP1, and LRP expression was analyzed by flow-cytometry and western blot. Cellular transport kinetics was assessed using 99mTc-Sestamibi. MDR modulation was evaluated though retention studies in resistant cells after incubation with the modulators. Results: Pgp expression was significantly higher (p≤0.001) in resistant cells. These results were confirmed by western blot analysis. 99mTc-Sestamibi uptake and retention percentage were significantly higher (p99mTc-Sestamibi, there were differences among the MDR modulators used (p99mTc-Sestamibi could indicate MDR phenotype in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. As the modulators used showed a reversion of the retention profile only for the first minutes, their administration should occur immediately before the administration of cytotoxic drugs.
Effects of Auxin, Cytokinin and Nitrogen Concentration on Morphogenesis of Tissue-cultured Shoot Apex of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.)

Most shoot apices of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Nagaimo) developed into shoots in modified Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium in which the nitrogen level was reduced to one tenth of the recommended concentration and containing 0 to 0.1 mg•liter-1 NAA and 0.1 mg•liter-1 BA. Bases of shoot apices developed friable calli in a medium supplemented with 1.0 mg•liter-1 NAA. The composition of the basal medium had little effect on shoot formation, but morphogenic calli were produced by excised apices on a medium having 1 to 2 mg•liter-1 BA and low concentration of NAA. Morphogenic callus resembled shoot primordium in that adventitious buds were formed on its surface. When morphogenic calli were subcultured on MS medium containing 0 to 0.1 mg•liter-1 BA and 0.01 to 0.1 mg•liter-1 NAA, a large number of plantlets were regenerated.
Climate fluctuations and the spring invasion of the North Sea by Calanus finmarchicus

The population of Calanus finmarchicus in the North Sea is replenished each spring by invasion from an overwintering stock located beyond the shelf edge. A combincation of field observations, statistical analysis of Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) data, and particle tracking model simulations, was used to investigate the processes involved in the cross-shelf invasion. The results showed that the main source of overwintering animals entering the North Sea in the spring is at depths of greater than 600m in the Faroe Shetland Channel, where concentrations of up to 620m -3 are found in association with the overflow of Norwegian Sea Deep Water (NSDW) across the Iceland Scotland Ridge. The input of this water mass to the Faroe Shetland Channel, and hence the supply of overwintering C. finmarchicus, has declined since the late 1960s due to changes in convective processes in the Greenland Sea. Beginning in February, animals start to emerge from the overwintering state and migrate to the surface waters, where their transport into the North Sea is mainly determined by the incidence of north-westerly winds that have declined since the 1960s. Together, these two factors explain a high proportion of the 30-year trends in spring abundance in the North Sea as measured by the CPR survey. Both the regional winds and the NSDW overflow are connected to the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO), which is an atmospheric climate index, but with different time scales of response. Thus, interannual fluctuations in the NAO can cause immediate changes in the incidence of north-westerly winds without leading to corresponding changes in C. finmarchicus abundance in the North Sea, because the NSDW overflow responds over longer (decadal) time scales.
A Comprehensive Mechanism of MANET Network Layer Based Security Attack Prevention

The infrastructure benefits, which are achieved from the MANET architecture is the prime reason for the increase in usage for various purposes. The MANET architecture is made truly seamless with the capabilities of working without the central base stations or without the intervention of the central administration. The architecture for a MANET network is highly diversified and completely depends on the formation as the nodes in the MANET network can roam freely with a subsequent connection to any external device or any external networks. Yet another primary benefit of these devices and the networks are operability of the networks and the nodes without any human interventions. This property of the MANET network nodes makes the MANET devices operable in extreme conditions, where the human interventions are nearly impossible. In spite of these uncountable benefits, the MANET networks and the devices, which are part of the networkare always subjected to attacks from various sources. In this work, the attacks types for each network layer are identified and addressed to be prevented. The measures listed in this work are convertible as a modular component of any automated framework to make the complete attack prevention mechanism automated
Wildfires and Yellowstone's Stream EcosystemsA temporal perspective shows that aquatic recovery parallels forest succession

ew studies have examined the effect of fire on the aquatic biota, and none has adequately addressed major aspects of aquatic ecosystem function. Most of the research has examined the effects of fire on water chemistry (Schindler et al. 1980, Tiedemann et al. 1979). Nevertheless, it is possible to develop a set of predictions regarding the immediate, nearterm, and long-term consequences of the 1988 fires in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) by supplementing the existing information base on fire response and general ecological behavior of aquatic ecosystems with knowledge of the response of aquatic systems to logging and to physical disturbances within the channel. Of the 0.57 million ha of the GYA that burned (Burned Area Survey Team 1988), most (95%) of the area was forest, and the remainder was meadow, grassland, and sagebrush scrubland. Twenty separate river basins or major subbasins were affected by the fires to various degrees (Figure 1). Within Yellowstone National Park (YNP), approximately 32% (1380 km2) of the stream system was influenced by the fires. In addition, the four large oligotrophic lakes (Yellowstone, Shoshone, Lewis, and Heart lakes), which together make up Effects of the fires are
Colouring our foods in the last and next millennium

Summary Colour in one form or another, has been added to our foods for centuries. It is known that the Egyptians coloured candy, and wine was coloured as long ago as 400 bc. The developing food industry had available a vast array of synthetic colours in the late 1800s. This led to colours being added for decorative purposes and unfortunately to disguise low quality foods. There was no control over this use of colour and so inevitably legislation came into force. In particular this was as a result of health concerns over some of the toxic compounds used. An established list of permitted synthetic colours eventually came into force in most countries early in this century. In the last twenty years however, consumers have become increasingly aware of the ingredients in their foods and as such they require foods to be as ‘natural’ as possible. This combined with technological developments has fuelled the increase in the usage of naturally derived colours. Today the food industry has an extensive colour palette available, allowing selection of the most suitable colour for their application requirements. Legislation is also in place to protect the consumer. Colour suppliers are however constantly striving to improve the technical and physical properties of their colour portfolio, to make the use of colour easier, to improve the stability and to meet customer demands on the functional additives used within colour formulations. This paper will review all colours in terms of recent developments and regulations as well as addressing the question of the future of colours in the next millennium.
Yield, oil and protein content of oilseed rape as affected by soil and fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus

The Zephyr cultivar of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was grown on two sites at Wagga Wagga. Both sites had a wide range in levels of available phosphorus; one had a low and the other a high level of soil nitrogen. On both sites superphosphate applied prior to, and during, the current cropping phase caused significant increases in dry matter production, seed yield, oil and protein yields. Pod numbers increased significantly only on the high nitrogen site. On the high nitrogen site, seed, protein and oil yields (kg ha-1) were higher than on the low nitrogen site, even when the latter site was cropped using nitrogen fertilizer. Oil yields ranged from 237 to 1273 kg ha-1 on the high nitrogen site and from 229 to 91 6 kg ha-1 on the low nitrogen site. The rape crop responded to drilled superphosphate on sites with low to medium levels of 'available' phosphorus. Soil tests developed for wheat indicated sites with adequate soil nitrogen and phosphorus.
Thermal Environment Affects Production Efficiency of Livestock

The ultimate purpose of food animals is to convert animal feedstuffs to meat and milk for human consumption. The rate and efficiency of this conversion, which are drastically affected by thermal environment, are economically important to both producers and consumers of animal products. Thermal environment is usually credited with being the major climatic factor affecting animal production, especially when described in terms of effective ambient temperature, i.e., a combination of air temperature, radiation, wind, precipitation, and humidity. Seasonal variations and differences in geographical area and management systems all lead to variability in thermal environment. When confronted with wide differences in effective ambient temperature, livestock compensate for variations in energy flow by altering energy intake, energy loss, or energy stored as product. They change rates of performance-the rate animals grow, reproduce, or accomplish their desired function-and energetic efficiency of converting feedstuffs to animal product. A basic understanding of the relationship between animals and the thermal environment is necessary to assess the environment's impact on livestock performance.
Influences of El Niño on assemblages of mesopelagic fish larvae along the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur

Abstract Seasonal assemblages of mesopelagic fish larvae and changes related with environmental factors (plankton biomass, sea surface temperature anomaly, upwelling, and the multivariate El Niño index) were investigated. From 1982 to 1987, 16 oceanographic cruises were carried out along the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Larvae of 42 mesopelagic fish taxa were collected. Larval abundance was highly variable during the studied period, but summer months coincided with higher abundance (>200 larvae under 10 m2). Larval assemblages were dominated by three of the most common species of tropical (Vinciguerria lucetia, Diogenichthys laternatus) and subtropical affinity (Triphoturus mexicanus). A group of species of tropical affinity (Diplophos proximus, Diaphus pacificus, Benthosema panamense) was useful for distinguishing the 1982–84 El Niño event, and an assemblage of larvae of temperate affinity (Symbolophorus californiensis, Melamphaes lugubris, Bathylagus ochotensis, Leuroglossus stilbius, Protomyctophum crockeri) characterized ‘normal’ years (mid‐1984 to mid‐1987).
Trajectories and transitions: Exploring declining public transit use following parenthood

The transition to parenthood is a significant change in life stage. It disrupts habitual travel behaviour and provides a valuable opportunity to influence the adoption of sustainable transport practices. To effectively promote sustainable travel patterns, it is crucial to understand the factors that influence mobility choices during this transition. However, while much is known about how travel behaviour changes during this period, there is little research explaining the processes by which car-based mobility practices are adopted. Using a mixed-method approach, this research provides empirical evidence to explain why travel behaviour changes following parenthood, with an emphasis on public transit use.
Abstract LB-359: Extended accumulation of acetylated histone in tumor tissues obtained from the phase I study of CG200745

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Extended Accumulation of Acetylated Histone in Tumor Tissues Obtained from the Phase I Study of CG200745 Accumulation of acetylated histone is a physiological phenomenon caused by inhibition of HDACs. We have observed such accumulation in cells, mice and humans when CG200745, our cancer therapeutic candidate, was treated. In the phase I clinical trial ([NCT01226407][1]), we had a chance to compare such accumulations in both the blood and tumor tissues. Interestingly, the accumulation in the tissues was maintained much longer than that in the blood and its level was significantly high even at 24 hours after dose. Such difference in histone accumulation has been explained by the different PK profile of CG200745 between the blood and the tumor tissues. Although we have not got PK data from the human tumor tissues yet, the difference was already observed in mice PK studies. Specifically, the half-life of CG200745 in plasma of mice was extremely short like other known HDAC inhibitors (approximately 20 mins), but in tumor tissues, that of CG200745 was as long as approximately 7 hours. In the current human studies, CG200745 is showing a much better PK profile in plasma than that of mice studies. Its half-life even in plasma is observed as several hours and clearance is much lower than other HDAC inhibitors. Actually, the AUC/dose of CG200745 is the highest among all the clinical stage HDAC inhibitors. Taking the extended accumulation of acetylated histone in the tumor tissues and better human PK profile into consideration, we believe that CG200745 with excellent HDAC inhibition will be a promising anticancer intervention in the near future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-359. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-359 [1]: /lookup/external-ref? link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01226407&atom=%2Fcanres%2F72%2F8_Supplement%2FLB-359.atom
Incidence of Helminth and External Parasites in Georgia Broilers

ABSTRACT LIMITED information is available on incidence and thus the economic importance of helminth and external parasites in the broiler industry. Broiler production, which in Georgia totaled over 222,000,000 in 1956, has become a highly concentrated poultry enterprise. With this rapid development have come specialized methods of poultry management which include confinement rearing, large flocks of 2,000 to 20,000 birds, population concentration to less than one square foot per bird, excellent feeds, improvement of breeds and hybrid stock, and continual shortening of the growing period (currently 9 weeks) for a three pound broiler. All of these practices have affected the parasite load so that published data in surveys of birds raised in pens or on range have little bearing on broiler parasite problems. Ackert (1927) and Todd (1946 and Todd (1950) in the more extensive published surveys examined 1,000 or more birds, mostly adults, from Kansas and Tennessee. Todd included 124 birds 8 .
Maternally transmitted isotopes and their effects on larval fish: a validation of dual isotopic marks within a meta-analysis context

Transgenerational marking enables mass-marking of larval fishes via transmission of enriched stable isotopes from mother to offspring, but potential impacts on the resultant progeny are poorly understood. We injected enriched stable isotopes (137Ba and 87Sr) into female purple-spotted gudgeon, Mogurnda adspersa, to produce multiple batch markers and examined larval morphology at hatch as well as survival and growth to 31 days posthatch in marked and unmarked offspring. Transgenerational marking had minimal effects on larval growth and survival, whereas body depth at hatch was significantly reduced in marked larvae. A meta-analysis of transgenerational marking effects on larval morphology at hatch and growth rates across multiple fish species found a nonsignificant positive effect of enriched stable barium isotopes on larval morphology at hatch, but a significant negative effect on growth. There were no significant effects of strontium on morphology or growth. Meta-regression analysis revealed that larval .
Structure and preliminary biochemical characterization of the bioluminescent system of Ommastrephes pteropus (Steenstrup) (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)

INTRODUCTION The ommastrephid squids are large active animals occurring in most of the world's oceans. Luminous organs or bioluminescence have been observed only in members of the subfamily Sthenoteuthinae, containing the genera Ornithoteuthis, Symplectoteuthis (= Eucleoteuthis), Hyaloteuthis, Ommastrephes and Dosidicus. The light organs of Ommastrephes pteropus are small sub-spherical bodies randomly distributed over the ventral surface of the mantle, head, arms and tentacles (Roper, 1963) and are aggregated dorsally to form a large luminous patch (Clarke, 1965). Relatively little is known about the organs, capabilities and biochemistry of luminescence in cephalopods (Harvey, 1952; Herring, in Press), and the size of the light organ and availability of O. pteropus provide an unusual opportunity for such studies. Although among the molluscs the luminescent systems of the gastropod Latia and the bivalve Pholas have been partially characterized (Shimomura & Johnson, 1968; Henry, Isambert & Michelson, 1970, 1973) the only cephalopod system which has been investigated to date is that of the enoploteuthid Watasenia scintillans (Goto et al., 1974; Inoue et al., 1975). This investigation examines the anatomy and biochemistry of the dorsal light organ of O. pteropus, which differs markedly in these respects from the brachial organs of Watasenia.
G Protein α Subunit Genes Control Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity of Magnaporthe grisea

Three G protein α subunit genes have been cloned and characterized from Magnaporthe grisea: magA is very similar to CPG-2 of Cryphonectria parasitica; magB is virtually identical to CPG-1 of Cryphonectria parasitica, to gna1 of Neurospora crassa, and to fadA of Emericella nidulans; and magC is most similar to gna2 of Neurospora crassa. Homologous recombination resulting in targeted deletion of magA had no effect on vegetative growth, conidiation, or appressorium formation. Deletion of magC reduced conidiation, but did not affect vegetative growth or appressorium formation. However, disruption of magB significantly reduced vegetative growth, conidiation, and appressorium formation. magB¯ transformants, unlike magA¯ and magC¯ transformants, exhibited a reduced ability to infect and colonize susceptible rice leaves. G protein α subunit genes are required for M. grisea mating. magB¯ transformants failed to form perithecia, whereas magA¯ and magC¯ transformants did not produce mature asci. These results sugges.
Senescence‐Related Changes in the Lipid Transition Temperature of Microsomal Membranes from Algae

The phase behaviour of smooth microsomal membranes from senescing cultures of Scenedesmus quadricauda has been examined by wide-angle x-ray diffraction. The algae were grown in Bristol's medium at 22°C under continuous illumination. The transition temperature, taken to be the highest temperature at which crystalline (gel) phase lipid can be detected, increased with culture age from a low of 0°C for young cultures to a high of about 70°C for 140-day-old cultures. This indicates that for young cultures the membrane lipid is entirely liquid-crystalline (fluid) at physiological temperatures, but as the cultures age portions of the lipid become crystalline. The increase in transition temperature showed a close temporal correlation with loss of chlorophyll and loss of protein per g dry weight, and can thus be construed as an index of senescence. The unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio of the membrane lipid, while fluctuating with culture age, did not show any consistent trend that could be related to the change in transition temperature. Thus the formation of gel phase lipid does not appear to be due to a change in fatty acid saturation.
Changes in microbial flora during manufacture of a traditional fermented milk from ewe's milk

Abstract Changes in the microbial flora during the manufacture of a sour milk from raw ewe's milk were studied. Mean log counts of lactic acid bacteria, lactobacilli and streptococci (respective values in milk 4.55, 3.19 and 5.56) increased significantly (P Isolates of lactic acid bacteria were classified as lactococci, lactobacilli, leuconostocs and enterococci. Enterococci predominated (58.9% of the isolates) over the other lactic acid bacteria after 1 day meanwhile leuconostocs became predominant (46.9%) after 5 days, followed by lactobacilli (29.7%), lactococci (17.2%) and enterococci (6.2%). Lactobacillus plantarumandLeuconostoc mesenteroidessub-spp.cremoriswere the species most frequently isolated. Enzyme activities (API-ZYM tests) of lactococci and leuconostocs were low, in general, but activities ofLb. plantarumstrains were considerably higher. ThreeLc. lactissub-spp.lactisstrains produced diacetyl, four of them formed acetoin, and one was characterized as good active, concerning acidification ability. Results presented here suggest the necessity of using a starter culture, consisting of selected strains of lactococci, leuconostocs and possibly lactobacilli, and pasteurized milk for the production of a high quality product.
Development and functional response of Coelophora inaequalis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Homoptera: Aphididae)

1 Development and survivorship of Coelophora inaequalis (F.) were evaluated in the laboratory on the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) at 20 and 25 °C. Coelophora inaequalis could complete its life cycle feeding on T. citricida at these two temperatures. The developmental period from egg to adult was significantly longer at 20 °C (24.7 d) than at 25 °C (15.9 d). The survivorship of combined immature stages were higher at 25 °C (39.2%) than at 20 °C (34.3%).