Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
pro-Lactose-6-phosphate as an alternative to disodium phosphate in the production of processed cheese food

Processed cheese food (PCF) is a dairy product prepared by blending dairy ingredients with non-dairy ingredients and heating the blend with agitation to produce a homogeneous product with an extended shelf-life. Emulsifying salts (ES), such as disodium phosphate (DSP) and trisodium citrate, have a critical effect on the emulsification characteristics of casein by sequestering the calcium from the calcium-paracaseinate phosphate complex in natural cheese (NC). Lactose-6-phosphate (LP) is an organic compound produced from lactose that has the potential to function as ES. LP is not approved for use as a substitute for ES in the large-scale production of PC. The objective of this study was to produce PCF with LP instead of DSP. LP was prepared by mixing 1 mol of α-lactose with 0.5 mol of sodium cyclo-triphosphate. The pH of recombined solutions was adjusted using sodium hydroxide to get a pH of 12 to obtain 60.74% LP. The solution was stirred for 3 d at room temperature and then concentrated to 52% total solids (TS). The ingredients in the PCF formulations were Cheddar cheese, butter, water, milk permeate powder, and LP (at a ratio of 2.0, 2.4, 2.8, 3.2, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0%) were formulated to contain 17.0% protein, 25.0% fat, 44.0% moisture, and 2.0% salt. PCF made with 2.0% DSP was also produced as a control. The PCF was prepared by mixing all ingredients in a kitchen aid to make a homogeneous paste. A 25 g sample of the mixture was cooked in the rapid visco analyzer for 3 min at 95°C with 1000 rpm for the first 2 min and 160 rpm for the last min. The PCF was then transferred into molds and refrigerated till further analyses. The PCF was analyzed for moisture, pH, end apparent cooked viscosity, hardness, melted diameter, and melting temperature. The experiment was repeated 3 times using different batches of LP. The moisture of PCF ranged from 42.3 to 44.0% with a pH of 5.6 to 5.8. The end apparent cooked viscosity increased from 818.0 to 2060.0 cP as the level of LP raised from 0.63 to 1.90%, while it was 660.0 cP in control. The hardness of PCF made with LP elevated from 61.9 to 110.1g as the level of LP increased; however, it was 85.6 g in control. The melted diameter decreased from 43 mm in control to 29 mm in 1.90% LP, while the melting temperature of PCF increased from 37.7°C in control to 59.0°C in 1.90% LP. We conclude that LP can be utilized as a substitute for DSP in PCF manufacture and has more capacity than DSP.
Assessing the Prospects of Islamic Insurance in Ghana

finance service industry, according to the report, picked up from a marginal growth to a positive growth trajectory as the industry’s assets slightly surpassed the $2 trillion mark. The asset of this sector was estimated at $2.05 trillion at year-end 2017 compared to $1.88 trillion in 2016, representing 8.3% growth in assets (IFSB 2018). This growth, according to the report, was led by the capital market sector which experienced an increase in Sukuk and Islamic funds by 25.6 and 19% respectively. The banking sector experienced a growth in assets by 4.3%, while the Takāful sector recorded a 4% increase in the total contribution. Although the size of the Takāful industry remains significantly small, with only a little above 1.3% of the global Islamic finance assets, its consistent growth over the years has attracted the attention of many practitioners worldwide in order to explore the basis of the system as operated in various countries (Abdul Rahim, Lewis, and Hassan 2007). With Africa being considered for some time now as a new frontier for Islamic finance and only a few international Islamic institutions currently active in the market (KPMG 2010), Takāful has been identified as a key industry towards the socio-economic development and welfare of African societies (Hatim 2010).
Study of two different protocols for estrus synchronization in Aberdeen Angus cows in Bulgaria

Malinova, R. & Karamfilov, S. (2022). Study of two different protocols for estrus synchronization in Aberdeen Angus cows in Bulgaria. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 28 (Supplement 1) , 38–41 Two protocols for synchronization of oestrus and ovulation of cows (n-22) were compared. The Cows which were synchronized were aged between 3 and 5 years, of the Aberdeen Angus breed, bred in Bulgaria. The first protocol was based on a standard protocol for synchronization with PRID delta progesterone device with delayed time of eCG treatment. The second group of 12 cows was under modified OvSynch protocol with extra eCG administered on day 8. We found that the total pregnancy rate for the first protocol was 80% and for the second protocol – 58,3%. The total pregnancy rate was 69.2%. In the first group calving rate was lower – 50%, than the pregnancy rate – 80%. The pregnancy losses observed were 37%. In the second group there were no pregnancy losses – the pregnancy rate and the calving rate in the group were equal – 58.3%.
Patients with Prior Molar Tooth Extraction Peripheral Trigeminal Nerve Injuries in Role of MR Neurography for the Diagnosis of

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Clinical neurosensory testing is an imperfect reference standard to evaluate molar tooth extraction related peripheral trigeminal neuropathy. The purpose was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MR neurography in this domain and correlation with neurosensory testing and surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, nerve caliber, T2 signal intensity ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratios were recorded by 2 observers using MR neurography for bilateral branches of the peripheral trigeminal nerve, the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves. Patient demographics and correlation of the MR neurography ﬁndings with the Sunderland classiﬁcation of nerve injury and intraoperative ﬁndings of surgical patients were obtained. RESULTS: Among 42 patients, the mean (cid:2) SD age for case and control patients were 35.8 (cid:2) 10.2 years and 43.2 (cid:2) 11.5 years, respectively, with male-to-female ratios of 1:1.4 and 1:5, respectively. Case subjects (peripheral trigeminal neuropathy or injury) had signiﬁcantly larger differencesinnervethickness,T2signalintensityratio,andcontrast-to-noiseratiosthancontrolpatientsfortheinferioralveolarnerveand lingual nerve ( P (cid:3) . 01 and . 0001, . 012 and . 005, and . 01 and . 01, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a signiﬁcant association among differences in nerve thickness, T2 signal intensity ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratios and nerve injury (area under the curve, 0.83–0.84 for the inferior alveolar nerve and 0.77–0.78 for the lingual nerve). Interobserver agreement was good for the inferior alveolar nerve (intraclass correlation coefﬁcient, 0.70–0.79) and good to excellent for the lingual nerve (intraclass correlation coefﬁcient, 0.75–0.85). MR neurography correlations with respect to clinical neurosensory testing and surgical classiﬁcations were moderate to good. Pearson correlation coefﬁcients of 0.68 and 0.81 and (cid:2) of 0.60 and 0.77 were observed for differences in nerve thickness. CONCLUSIONS: MR neurography can be reliably used for the diagnosis of injuries to the peripheral trigeminal nerve related to molar tooth extractions, with good to excellent correlation of imaging with clinical ﬁndings and surgical results.
Paediatric rheumatology Incidence, epidemiology and clinical features of Kawasaki disease in Catalonia, Spain

Objective. To assess the incidence, epidemiology and clinical features of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Catalonia (northeast region of Spain). Methods. This was an observational population-based study including all Paediatric Units in Catalonia, under both public and private management. Retrospective data retrieval was performed for 10 years (2004–2013). A 12-month (March 2013 to March 2014) prospective collection of new cases of KD was carried out to determine the incidence of KD. Results. Data from 399 patients over the 10-year study period was analysed, revealing that 233 (58.4%) had complete KD, 159 (39.8) incomplete KD and 7 (1.7%) were considered atypical KD
Predicting paleohydraulics from storm surge and tsunami deposits: Using experiments to improve inverse model accuracy

How accurately can flow depths and velocities of storm surges and tsunamis be predicted from sedimentary deposits? Inverse models have been proposed to quantify hydrodynamics from suspended sediment deposits, but assumptions about how deposit grain size distributions (GSDs) are influenced by flow characteristics remain largely untested. Using laboratory experiments, we evaluate an existing advection‐settling model in which suspended sediment transport is assumed to reflect horizontal advection (constraining flow velocity) and vertical settling from the water surface (constraining depth). While the original model assumed that depth and velocity would be best predicted by the deposit D95 (the diameter for which 95% of the cumulative GSD is finer), we find that the median deposit size (D50) tends to better predict mean flow hydraulics. Two key factors influencing how flow characteristics control deposit GSDs are (a) dispersion caused by turbulence and (b) the transport distance required for suspension and settling to effectively sort grains. Deposits proximal to sediment sources primarily reflect the source GSD, while deposits farther from the source preferentially represent transport‐dependent sorting. In our experimental data, transport distances longer than 1–2 advection length scales are required for the deposit GSD to reasonably predict flow depths and velocities. These results suggest ways that event deposits can be used to more accurately assess coastal risks from tsunamis and storm waves.
Influence of Total Protein, Serum Glucose and Haemoglobin During Induced Estrus on Pregnancy Rate in Anestrus Crossbred Jersey Cows

The present study was conducted to assess the influence of total protein, serum glucose and haemoglobin levels during induced estrus on pregnancy rate in 30 postpartum anestrus crossbred dairy cows. The cows were treated with progesterone (CIDR) based estrus induction protocol with double fixed timed inseminations at 12 and 24 h after injection of last GnRH. Estrus induction response was 100% with majority of the cows (80%) showing intermediate intensity of estrus. On the day of first AI, blood was collected from all the animals for the estimation of glucose, total protein and haemoglobin. The mean time to onset of estrus from the time of removal of CIDR was 44.85 ± 7.23 h. The overall conception rate in the present study was 30 % (9/30). In the present experiment, the mean glucose, total protein and haemoglobin at the time of estrus were 43.81 ± 1.14 mg/dl, 7.78 ± 0.24 g/dl and 8.68 ± 0.22 g/dl respectively. The mean glucose, total protein and haemoglobin levels in the anestrus cows which were included in the study are lower than the normal range. There is no significant different in the biochemical parameters among the cows showing weak, intermediate and intense intensity of estrus. Similarly, there is no significant difference in the biochemical parameters between the cows that conceived and cows not has not conceived. The finding in the present study shows that poor nutritional status may be the cause for the anestrus condition of the animal under field conditions.
Bugs are not to be silenced: Small RNA pathways and antiviral responses in insects

: As every other organism on earth, insects are infected with viruses and rely on RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms to circumvent viral infections. A remarkable characteristic of RNAi relies on the fact that it is at the same time broadly acting, since it is triggered by double-stranded RNA molecules derived from virtually any virus, and extremely specific, because it will only target the particular viral sequence that initiated the process. Reviews covering the different facets of the RNAi antiviral immune response in insects have been published elsewhere. In this chapter, we build a frame of discussion to guide future investigation. We use this space to focus on the remaining questions and avenues of research to move the field forward, including the activity of viral suppressors of RNAi, comparative genomics, detailed maps of subcellular localization of virus replication complexes, and RNAi machinery and regulation of the antiviral RNAi response.
Online Initial Teacher Education Students' Perceptions of Using Online Initial Teacher Education Students' Perceptions of Using Web Conferences to Support Professional Conversations Web Conferences to Support Professional Conversations

: This paper draws on the work of Helen Timperley (2015) who suggests there are six clear enablers that support educators to have professional conversations: processes, resources, culture, knowledge, relationships, as well as context. This purpose of this paper is two-fold: first, it describes how weekly web conferences that were offered for online initial teacher education students (ITES) were designed with due consideration for Timperley’s enablers for professional conversations; and second, it reports on student experiences of the ways in which the web conferences served to support professional conversations. In order to understand the complex and multifaceted ways that web conferences served to facilitate ITES engagement in professional conversations, data is drawn from thirty-two online ITES enrolled in a capstone unit in their final semester of study in a teacher education course. Using a descriptive mixed-methods case study approach, the ITES completed questionnaires, participated in follow-up interviews and completed their assessment tasks to shed insight into the impact of the web conferences. The findings reveal the powerful ways that the web conferences allowed the students to participate in meaningful professional conversations and helped develop the professional attributes expected of graduates. Importantly, the study revealed that ITES perceived that the web conferences prompted a deeper level of engagement, satisfaction and sense of achievement than alternative activities, including face-to-face tutorials.
propi-Dried distillers grains with solubles do not always cause late blowing in baby Swiss cheese

Late blowing in Swiss cheese, a result of unwanted gas production, is unacceptable to consumers and causes economic loss to manufacturers. Cheese processors have raised concerns that feeding dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) to cows leads to this defect, in part because of clostridial spores. We hypothesized that spores in DDGS would affect the quality of milk and baby Swiss cheese by promoting late-blowing defects. Thirty healthy multiparous and mid-lactation Holstein cows were fed total mixed ration containing DDGS (0, 10, and 20%; 10 cows per treatment group) by dietary dry matter in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. One complete milking from all cows within a treatment was collected and pooled for baby Swiss cheese, twice within each month of the 3-mo study. Additionally, individual milk samples from the 3 milkings of one day were collected weekly for proximate analysis. Incubation in reinforced clostridial medium–lactate medium tubes inoculated with milk, cheese, total mixed ration, or manure showed gas formation. Conversely, the DDGS used in our study did not contain gas-producing, spore-forming bacteria. Feeding 20% DDGS decreased milk fat percent and increased the solids nonfat, protein, and lactose percent of milk. After 60 d of ripening, baby Swiss cheese had typical propionic acid Swiss cheese aroma. Regardless of dietary treatment, pinholes, slits, splits, cracks, or a combination of these, were seen throughout most cheeses. Feeding of DDGS increased the amount of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids and decreased short-chain and most medium-chain fatty acids in the baby Swiss cheese. Although feeding cows diets with DDGS modified milk composition, and subsequently cheese composition, DDGS was not a source for gas-producing, spore-forming bacteria or for quality defects in Swiss cheese. Rather, the gas-producing, spore-forming bacteria likely originated from the environment or the cows themselves
International Scientometric Systems: A Study of Acceptance Management in Academic Communities

The reluctance of university members to enter their information in International Scientometric Systems (ISSs) is counterproductive behavior for human resource management for international university rankings. The explicit goal of this research was to identify the necessary conditions for ISSs acceptance management in an Iranian academic community. To identify factors affecting the acceptance of ISSs and explore members’ attitudes towards them after a focused literature review, user feedback in training classes of ISSs was recorded through the researcher's participation during two semesters. This information was placed as components of a self-made questionnaire after multiple codings based on grand theory. Then, a self-made questionnaire technique was used to investigate correlations between these factors. Snowball sampling collected data from 86 expert users of this system, and the hypotheses were tested. In entering information in ISSs, experience of using ISSs, facilitating conditions, expected effort, and expected performance were identified. Finally, the relationships of these variables were presented based on the path analysis model. The results showed that usefulness, expected effort, experience, and facilitating conditions effectively use the systems through the willingness to use ISSs. However, the members were unwilling to use ISSs because they were not well justified about the micro and macro goals of the university ranking systems. Completing information in these diverse systems is considered time-consuming and repetitive. The existing rules for each system are considered cumbersome. Access to these systems' cookies to their personal information is not considered safe and desirable. The results' significance, implications, and limitations have also been deliberated for further research.
DEVELOPMENT OF ONE-STEP TAQMAN QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF NOROVIRUS GENOGROUPS I AND II IN OYSTER

Noroviruses are important causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans, and consumption of raw bivalve shellfish has been frequently linked to norovirus disease. We developed a one-step TaqMan quantitative (q)RT-PCR assay for noro - virus genogroup (G)I and GII using RNA extracted from oyster samples. Assay sensitivity was 5×10 2 RNA copies for noroviruses GI and GII, 1,000-fold higher than two in-house qRT-PCR methods for norovirus GI but 10-fold lower for GII. The detection range of the new assay was 3.4×10 1 - 1.1×10 5 and 7.8×10 1 - 6.4×10 3 RNA copies/g oyster of norovirus GI and GII, respectively. Using the assay developed, norovirus GI was detected at a higher frequency than GII (31% vs 20%) in oyster samples. How - ever, an in-house assay detected norovirus GII at a higher frequency than GI (67% vs 0%). The new assay was able to detect common circulating norovirus genotypes, such as GI.2 and GII.4. Replacing in-house qRT-PCR assays of norovirus GI with the developed TaqMan method will result in an improved assay for this genogroup, which can be used for routine detection of norovirus in both clinical as well as oyster samples.
Sea otter recovery buffers century-scale declines in California kelp forests

The status of kelp forests and their vulnerability to climate change are of global significance. As the foundation for productive and extensive ecosystems, understanding long-term kelp forest trends is critical to coastal ecosystem management, climate resiliency, and restoration programs. In this study, we curate historical US government kelp canopy inventories, develop methods to compare them with contemporary surveys, and use a machine learning framework to evaluate and rank the drivers of change for California kelp forests over the last century. Historical surveys documented Macrocystis and Nereocystis kelp forests covered approximately 120.4 km2 in 1910–1912, which is only slightly above surveys in 2014–2016 (112.0 km2). These statewide comparisons, however, mask dramatic regional changes with increases in Central California (+57.6%, +19.7 km2) and losses along the Northern (-63.0%, -8.1 km2), and Southern (-52.1%, -18.3 km2) mainland coastlines. Random Forest models rank sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) population density as the primary driver of kelp changes, with benthic substrate, extreme heat, and high annual variation in primary productivity also significant. This century-scale perspective identifies dramatically different outcomes for California’s kelp forests, providing a blueprint for nature-based solutions that enhance coastal resilience to climate change.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Relations between childhood psychological maltreatment and mental health dimensions within a higher-order model

Background: Experiences of childhood psychological maltreatment have been found to be associated with various mental health outcomes, and this association persists into adulthood. Objective: This study investigated whether some types of psychological maltreatment are more harmful than others; whether the harms associated with different types of psychological maltreatment are generalized or specific to particular domains of psychopathology; and whether the associations vary by gender. Method: Participants ( N = 544, 63.9 % mother as primary caregiver) were Chinese adults from various regions in China. Participants completed measures of childhood psychological maltreatment experiences perpetrated by their primary caregiver and the mental health outcomes of depression, anxiety, anger, physical aggression, and hostility. The data were analyzed in a hierarchical model in which depression and anxiety were defined as indicators of an internalizing factor, while anger, physical aggression, and hostility were defined as indicators of an externalizing factor. Internalizing and externalizing then defined a higher-order general psychopathology factor. The results suggested equivalent harms of psychological abuse and psychological neglect. Further, the associations between psychological maltreatment and mental health were not unique to specific symptom domains but showed broadband associations with general psychopathology. Results: These findings suggest that trans-diagnostic interventions may be the most effective approach for addressing the mental health impacts of psychological maltreatment. Conclusion: Childhood psychological maltreatment may pose a broadband risk for any and all forms of psychopathology.