Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What can we learn from observed temperature and salinity isopycnal anomalies at eddy generation sites?  Application in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean.

<p>Potential vorticity (PV) is a key parameter to analyze the generation and dynamics of mesoscale eddies. Numerical studies have shown how adiabatic (displacement of particles within a background gradient of PV) and diabatic (diapycnal mixing and friction) processes can be involved in the generation of localized PV anomalies and vortices. Such processes are however difficult to evaluate in the ocean because PV is difficult to evaluate at mesoscale. In this study, we argue that qualitative analysis can be done, based on the link between PV anomalies and isopycnal temperature/salinity anomalies (<em>&#415;&#8217;</em><em>/S&#8217;</em>). Indeed, in the ocean, eddies created by diapycnal mixing or isopycnal advection of water-masses, are associated with PV anomalies and significant isopycnal <em>&#415;&#8217;</em><em>/S&#8217;</em>. In contrast, eddies created by friction are associated with PV anomalies but without isopycnal <em>&#415;&#8217;</em><em>/S&#8217;</em>. In this study, based on 18 years of satellite altimetry data and vertical <em>&#415;</em><em>/S</em> profiles acquired by Argo floats, we analyze the isopycnal <em>&#415;&#8217;</em><em>/S&#8217;</em> within new-born eddies in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (TAO) and discuss the possible mechanisms involved in their generation. Our results show that on density-coordinates system, both anticyclonic (AEs) and cyclonic (CEs) eddies can exhibit positive, negative, or non-significant <em>&#415;&#8217;</em><em>/S&#8217;</em>. Almost half of the sampled eddies do not have significant <em>&#415;&#8217;</em><em>/S&#8217; </em>at their generation site, indicating that frictional effects probably play a significant role in the generation of their PV anomalies. The other half of eddies, likely generated by diapycnal mixing or isopycnal advection, exhibits significant positive or negative anomalies with typical &#415;&#8217; of &#177;0.5&#176;C. More than 70% of these significant eddies are subsurface-intensified, having their cores below the seasonal pycnocline. Refined analyses of the vertical structure of new-born eddies in three selected subregions of the TAO where the strongest anomalies were observed, show the dominance of cold (warm, respectively) subsurface AEs (CEs) likely due to isopycnal advection of large scale PV and temperature. </p>
Pattern of ear, nose, and throat disease seen by otolaryngologists at Qassim University outpatient clinics, Saudi Arabia

Background: Ear, nose, and throat infections are serious public health concerns affecting patients of all ages. They can affect hearing difficulties, speech, phonation, breathing, swallowing, smell, taste, and other respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to determine the pattern of otolaryngological head and neck diseases seen at Qassim University outpatient clinics, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This descriptive retrospective study was conducted in outpatient clinics at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. This study involved 2,596 patients treated by otolaryngologists from January 2018 to December 2020. The data were extracted from patients’ digital files, and all analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Results: This study included 2,596 patients (64% male, 36% female) with a mean age of 34.5 years (range: 1-90 years). Nose diseases were most frequently seen (47.7%), followed by ear diseases (38.2%). Allergic rhinitis (AR) was the most commonly treated nose problem (20.1%). In the multivariate regression model, deviated nasal septum was more likely to be seen in men than women. Moreover, the presence of a deviated nasal septum, hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, rhinitis, and laryngitis were more likely to be associated with an older age group (>35 years). Conclusion: The prevalence of ear nose throat diseases was higher in men than in women. The most commonly treated age group was 18-30 years. More studies on AR and other disorders need to be conducted to determine local risk factors. Healthcare managers and medical educators are advised to review these data to provide excellent care and education.
Emergency Education Policy: EFL Undergraduate Students’ Views on Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Anchored by sparse investigations on Students’ voices regarding online learning from home during the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries context, this study aims to investigate the responses of EFL students to the effectiveness of the learning from home policy in an Indonesian University. Fifteen students of fourth semester studying at English department were recruited. This research employed qualitative design with a case study approach as the methodology. Data were collected from semi-structured interview and then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the students perceived that online learning from home was good policy initiatives. However, they also experienced ineffectiveness regarding the contents of learning that focus more on giving students the assignments than the learning process itself. Besides that, the students were not supported by conducive learning environment, enabling them to learn more effectively. Students experienced some problems during online learning from home, such as poor internet connection, electrical power disruptions, and day-to-day load expenses for prepaid internet access. The findings suggest that the lecturers should provide the students with appropriate learning instruction for online learning purposes and deliver teaching materials by making use of technology. Thus, policy recommendations are discussed in this article.
Determination of Apparent Drug Permeability Coefficients through Chitosan-Sodium Cellulose Sulfate Polyelectrolyte Complex Films

: The permeability coefficient is a fundamental parameter for devices exploiting the controlled drug-release behavior of films composed of chitosan and sodium cellulose sulfate (NaCS). Here, the transport of two model drugs with different solubilities, i.e., paracetamol and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), was studied. The results showed that the permeability of the chitosan/NaCS film was closely related to the swelling properties. In addition, both the permeability and swelling properties of the chitosan/NaCS film were significantly influenced by the mass ratio of chitosan to NaCS, the molecular weights ( M w ) of chitosan and NaCS, and the pH value. The permeability of paracetamol across the film was also investigated in simulated gastrointestinal solutions in in vitro tests. The results showed that the films have gastro-, intestine-, and colon-targeting drug-release properties when they are exposed to simulated gastrointestinal fluids in sequence.
Genetic diversity analysis in blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

A study was conducted focusing on assessing the level of variability represent among the hundred and two blackgram genotypes based on Mahalanobis’s D2 statistics for nine quantitative traits. Out of eighteen clusters, the maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster XVI and XV. Cluster XVIII had a low mean value for days to 50% flowering, cluster XIII had a high mean value for plant height, the number of primary branches per plant and cluster XVII recorded the highest number of pods per plant. High heritability coupled with high GAM was observed for plant height, the number of primary branches per plant, the number of clusters/plants, the number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight, protein content, and single plant yield. From the association analysis single plant yield was positively and significantly associated with the number of clusters per plant and the number of pods per plant. Hence, simultaneous selection of the above traits would be more rewarding to bring genetic improvement in black gram breeding programmes.
The analysis of the effects of Bank Soundness Rate, Inflation and Indonesian Bank Rate on the Profit Growth of Regional Development Banks

Regional Development Banks (BPD in Indonesian) are a type of bank in Indonesia that is established by the local provincial government. Its purpose is to boost regional development and provide initial capital to the province that private banks would not risk giving, as well as giving basic financial services for the general provincial population. RDBs support not only the economic growth in their respective regions but also Indonesia's macroeconomic growth. The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence on the impact of the bank soundness rate, inflation and Indonesian Bank rate (BI Rate) on the profit growth of Regional Development Banks. In this study, the authors use data for 2014-2019. The sample of the study is represented by 26 regional development banks in Indonesia, which are registered with the Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority. The authors identified five regions of Indonesia that are being analyzed: Java (including Bali), Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Irian Jaya (including Nusa Tenggara). The authors use for analysis the secondary data obtained from quarterly and annual financial statements of banks. Hypothesis testing was performed using multiple regression analysis, data processing was performed in the SPSS Statistics program. It was found that the components of bank soundness (Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Good Corporate Governance (GCG)), inflation and the BI Rate do not affect the profits growth of regional development banks. However, such a variable as the Operational Efficiency (known in Indonesia as BOPO) has little effect on the profits growth of regional development banks in Sumatra. For other regions, such an effect is not observed.
Introducing an Evidence-Based Protocol to Reduce and Prevent Fall Events among Elderly Hospice Patients

Introduction: To examine the effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention to reduce falls for elderly hospice patients who live at home and in skilled nursing facilities. Materials and Methods: This pre--post intervention study was conducted in a local agency of a healthcare organization for hospice patients in California. The study included 51 hospice patients who did not object to the intervention at the local agency. The multifactorial intervention consisted of four components: (1) fall risk assessment, (2) post-fall huddle session, (3) universal fall precautions education, and (4) the 5 Ps to reduce falls for elderly hospice patients. The primary outcome was the fall rates (falls per 1,000 occupied bed days). Other outcomes included patient fall risk scores, post-fall huddle compliance, and compliance of universal fall precautions and the 5 Ps. Results: The multifactorial intervention reduced the fall rates for hospice patients from 6.9 in 2017 (baseline period) to 1.7 in 2019 (implementation period) per 1,000 occupied bed days. There was 100% compliance with fall risk assessment, post-fall huddle administration, universal fall prevention documentation, 5 Ps education, and care plan initiation and modification. Conclusion: The finding of this study indicated a significantly positive effect of a nurse-led multifactorial intervention on fall prevention of hospice patients cared for at home or at skilled nursing facilities. The intervention was easy to implement, cost effective, and took a very short time to complete, which would allow nursing leadership to initiate such interventions to prioritize fall prevention in every hospice healthcare organization.
Lifetime limiting effects in pre-commercial solid oxide cell devices

The solid oxide electrochemical cell technology is promising for efficient energy storage, especially when the share of intermittent renewable electricity production is high. The technology is being commercialized in niche markets, but large-scale employment is still hindered by limited durability of the devices. The lifetime limiting mechanisms are addressed in this work. A general introduction into mechanisms limiting the durability is presented. A database of more than 50 parameters from 150 publications and 1 000 000 hours of accumulated testing was established, and a quantitative analysis of degradation and lifetime was conducted. It is shown that the technology is approaching the official targets required for commercialization, but that work remains to be done. It is further recognized that targeting niche applications initially will allow for employment of economies of scale, which will bring down costs and facilitate entry into larger markets. Here, we examine electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO and one of the main failure mechanisms related to it. Carbon formation on the nickel electrocatalyst can be detrimental to the microstructural integrity of the cell. It is found that the possible operating window is severely limited due to gradients of temperature, gas concentration and overpotential across the electrode. These affects also apply to stackand system-level, and the results obtained are combined with modeling and stack testing experiences. Thus, on account of this mechanism the possible outlet CO concentration is limited by up to 50% below the thermodynamic carbon deposition threshold based on the inlet temperature, depending on design and operating strategy. Replacement of the Ni electrocatalyst would increase the stability towards this issue and may improve the robustness in other ways as well. Ceria has been reported as a potential candidate in such endeavors. Thin film electrodes of nickel and ceria are therefore studied as model systems using near-ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to further the fundamental understanding of the carbon formation mechanism. The reaction occurs further from the thermodynamic threshold on ceria, and fundamental mechanisms for electrochemically driven carbon growth are suggested based on observed adsorbate species. By infiltrating ceria after degradation has already occurred, the robustness and lifetime of the cells are increased. Complete reactivation of the fuel electrode is achieved after otherwise detrimental failure mechanisms have occurred, such as reactant starvation and carbon formation. Moreover, the degradation of the electrode over the course of nearly 2500 hours is essentially eliminated by infiltrating after microstructural stabilization had occurred. Lastly, the method is scaled up by replicating the positive effects of post-degradation infiltration on an 8-cell stack.
Evaluation of Water Schemes for Maize Under Arid area in Iran Using the SWAP Model

ABSTRACT In this study, the agro-hydrological SWAP model was employed for simulation of grain yield, biomass, evapotranspiration (ET), soil water balance components, and water productivity for maize in Shiraz, Iran. The results showed that the irrigation regime is an important factor effecting on the yield and biomass. In general, the model slightly overestimates the yield, biomass, and leaf area index (LAI) for all irrigation treatments. Statistic criteria for the evaluation of the model such as the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean error (ME) were for grain yield (772 kg ha−1, −9.6), biomass (265.6 Mg ha−1, −1.5), and evapotranspiration (ET) (25.1 mm, −6). The amount of water productivity for maize based on I, P, T, and ET were in the range of 1.74 to 3.22 kgm−3. The results indicated that, in general, the SWAP model was an appropriate tool for simulation of grain yield, biomass, and ET with an acceptable precision. The optimization of irrigation management is made to determine the maximum rate of water productivity (WP). The amounts of WP for maize were in the range of 1.74 to 3.22 kgm−3 based on irrigation (I), precipitation (P), transpiration (T), and ET. The results showed that 500 mm of irrigation depth, water productivity is the highest. Therefore, irrigation management can improve WP and thus the impact of limited water can be reduced.
Strömgren Photometry and High Resolution Spectroscopy of Very Metal-Poor Stars

uvby–β photometry of nearly 500 very-metalpoor (VMP) stars has been observed at the San Pedro Mártir (SPM), México, and La Silla (LS), Chile, observatories using 1.5m telescopes, with photoelectric techniques being used at SPM, and both photoelectric and CCD techniques at LS. The resulting photometry has been published in Schuster et al. (1996; S96) and Schuster et al. (2004a; S04a), along with interstellar reddenings, metallicities, photometric classifications, distances, and relative ages. Indices and calibrations from the HK survey (Beers et al. 1992), the intrinsic-color calibration of Schuster & Nissen (1989), and reddening maps from Schlegel et al. (1998), have also been used in these analyses. Index diagrams from the uvby and HK-survey photometries allow us to pick out stars with probable abundance anomalies for future studies with high-resolution spectroscopy. AGB-star candidates can be identified in the c0,(b–y)0 diagram, probable Am stars in the [c1],[m1], and CH stars in the GP,KP diagram, where GP and KP measure the strengths of the CH G-band and the CaII K line, respectively. Other combinations of photometric data may point to other potentially interesting groups. For example, some metal-poor stars classified as subgiants in the c0,(b–y)0 diagram show unusually large values of [m1] and m1, evidence of photometric variability, and/or discordant values of (b–y)0 and (B–V )0; these may in fact be misclassified (variable) AGB stars with unusual chemical abundance ratios and/or binary companions.
Determinant of Macro-Economics: Does Income Inequality Influence Happiness? Evidence From Indonesia

This research aims to see does income inequality determines the happiness of Indonesian. This is important because there is a unique condition where Indonesia to be one of the developing nations which have a complexity of the income inequality issue, but it still has a high happiness index rate. This research uses cross-sectional data consisting of multiple indicators of all the variables from 34 provinces of Indonesia such as inflation, unemployment, and government investment as the macroeconomic factors, which have a direct impact on income inequality as well as happiness index, and this research uses path analysis model.The result delineates that although macro economics variables and income inequality have negative correlation toward happiness of Indonesian, it it not fully effected on it because most happiness of Indonesians are coming from another aspect such as socio-culture and religiosity
Cluster wild bootstrapping to handle dependent effect sizes in meta‐analysis with a small number of studies

The most common and well‐known meta‐regression models work under the assumption that there is only one effect size estimate per study and that the estimates are independent. However, meta‐analytic reviews of social science research often include multiple effect size estimates per primary study, leading to dependence in the estimates. Some meta‐analyses also include multiple studies conducted by the same lab or investigator, creating another potential source of dependence. An increasingly popular method to handle dependence is robust variance estimation (RVE), but this method can result in inflated Type I error rates when the number of studies is small. Small‐sample correction methods for RVE have been shown to control Type I error rates adequately but may be overly conservative, especially for tests of multiple‐contrast hypotheses. We evaluated an alternative method for handling dependence, cluster wild bootstrapping, which has been examined in the econometrics literature but not in the context of meta‐analysis. Results from two simulation studies indicate that cluster wild bootstrapping maintains adequate Type I error rates and provides more power than extant small‐sample correction methods, particularly for multiple‐contrast hypothesis tests. We recommend using cluster wild bootstrapping to conduct hypothesis tests for meta‐analyses with a small number of studies. We have also created an R package that implements such tests.
NIGERIA: RESOURCE CONFLICTS AND RURALITY. IMPLICATIONS ON HERITAGE ASSETS

Since its independence in 1960, Nigeria has been ravaged by various categories of resource conflicts with consequential effects on rurality. These conflicts have caused untold hardship on rural communities in Nigeria to the extent that some of the communities have been deserted for safety elsewhere. These rural communities have valued heritage assets where they had leveraged on for meaningful socioeconomic recovery. This study was aimed at identifying these resource conflicts and their impacts on heritage assets in rural Nigeria. However, resource conflicts like Boko Haram, militancy, herdsmen, banditry, and communal conflicts were identified. Evidences show that these conflicts obliterate tangible and intangible heritage assets of rural communities in Nigeria, with correspondence effect on heritage transfer through memory loss. Effective international support among others was recommended as a possible option. This study has implications for the understanding of further effects of resource conflicts on rurality in Nigeria. Keywords: Resource conflicts; heritage assets; heritage preservation; rural communities; conflict theory
The relationship between DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and tobacco addiction

Objectives: In this study, the relationship between tobacco addiction levels, early smoking, and DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism was investigated. Materials and methods: The present study included 36 smokers and 12 non-smoking voluntary controls. Study groups were established as the non-smoking control group and addicted (less than 1 pack, between 1-2 packs, more than 2 packs per day) groups. Genotypes of the dopamine type-2 receptor (DRD2) gene TaqIA polymorphic region from genomic DNA isolated from oral swab samples were determined by PCR followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Results: Presence of the DRD2 TaqIA homozygous polymorphic genotype in addicted individuals who smoked two or more packs per day and the absence of non-smoker control individuals may indicate that the polymorphic TaqIA allele of the DRD2 gene is associated with smoking. It was found that individuals carrying the polymorphic TaqIA allele in homozygous (~13 years) and heterozygous forms (~16.3 years) had a lower age of starting smoking compared to homozygous wild types (~18.6 years). Mean BMI (body mass index) of the study participants was 24.66 kg/m2 (normal weight), waist/hip ratio 0.82 (no abdominal obesity). Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that the TaqIA variant allele is related to early smoking condition. In addition, it was determined that there was a higher tendency of smoking addiction among children of addicted parents.