Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Observational Study of Vortex Spacing in Island Wake Vortex Streets

Abstract Vortex streets are a frequent occurrence in stratocumulus-topped flow downwind of mountainous islands. Theoretical studies dating back to von Karman, supported by laboratory and numerical studies, have yielded similarity theories for the size and spacing of these vortices behind bluff bodies. Despite dynamical differences between such two-dimensional flows and the three-dimensional flow past isolated islands, satellite case studies suggest these geometric similarities may also hold for the atmospheric case. In this study, two of the resulting dimensionless ratios are measured using satellite imagery. One is the aspect ratio between cross-street and along-street spacing of the vortices. The second is the ratio of the cross-street spacing to the crosswind width of the island. A 30-image sample from the Aqua and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellites is analyzed to obtain these ratios. The resulting set of values for the two dimensionless ratios is tested against the values f.
Cognitive and affective effects of teachers' annotations and talking heads on asynchronous video lectures in a web development course

When it comes to asynchronous online learning, the literature recommends multimedia content like videos of lectures and demonstrations. However, the lack of emotional connection and the absence of teacher support in these video materials can be detrimental to student success. We proposed incorporating talking heads and annotations to alleviate these weaknesses. In this study, we investigated the cognitive and affective effects of integrating these solutions in asynchronous video lectures. Guided by the theoretical lens of Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media, we produced a total of 72 videos (average = four videos per subtopic) with a mean duration of 258 seconds (range = 193 to 318 seconds). To comparatively assess our video treatments (i.e., regular videos, videos with face, videos with annotation, or videos with face and annotation), we conducted an educational-based cluster randomized controlled trial within a 14-week academic period with four cohorts of students enrolled in an introductory web design and development course. We recorded a total of 42,425 total page views (212.13 page views per student) for all web browsing activities within the online learning platform. Moreover, 39.92% (16,935 views) of these page views were attributed to the video pages accumulating a total of 47,665 minutes of watch time. Our findings suggest that combining talking heads and annotations in asynchronous video lectures yielded the highest learning performance, longest watch time, and highest satisfaction, engagement, and attitude scores. These discoveries have significant implications for designing video lectures for online education to support students’ activities and engagement. Therefore, we concluded that academic institutions, curriculum developers, instructional designers, and educators should consider these findings before relocating face-to-face courses to online learning systems to maximize the benefits of video-based learning.
A Challenging Case of a Patient With Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura on Eltrombopag Who Developed Atrial Fibrillation: An Anticoagulation Dilemma

A 61-year-old female, who was a known case of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) on eltrombopag, was admitted for atrial fibrillation (AF). Labs showed a platelet count of 116 × 103/µL. AF reverted to sinus rhythm by cardioversion. Therapeutic enoxaparin was started for two days. She was discharged on dabigatran for four weeks. The choice of anticoagulation in these cases (ITP and AF) is not straightforward and needs further research.
Time-Optimal Control of Closed Quantum Systems

Recently there has been a lot of interest in the potential applications of performing computations on systems whose governing physical laws are quantum, rather than classical in nature. These quantum computers would have the ability to perform some calculations which would not be feasible for their classical counterparts. To date, however, a quantum computer large enough to perform useful calculations has yet to be built. Before this can be accomplished, a method must be developed to control the underlying quantum systems. This is a problem which can naturally be formulated in the language of control theory. This report outlines the basic control-theoretic approach to time-optimally controlling quantum systems evolving under the dynamics of the Schrodinger operator equation. It is found that under the assumption of non-singularity, the controls which produce time-optimal trajectories are bang-bang. With this in mind, a switching time algorithm is implemented to find optimal bang-bang controls.
The Mediation Effect of Perceived Attitudes toward Medical Service on the Association between Public Satisfaction with the Overall Medical Service and Self-Rated Health among the General Population in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study aimed to examine the association between public satisfaction with the overall medical service and individuals’ self-rated health among 18,852 Chinese adults aged 16–60 years by using data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies. We further test whether such an association is mediated by perceived attitudes toward the medical service. The logistic regression model is used to explore the association between public satisfaction with the overall medical service and individuals’ self-rated health (SRH) outcomes. Mediation analysis was conducted by using the Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) method. We found that public satisfaction with the overall medical service was associated with good SRH. Additional results indicated that the association between public satisfaction with the overall medical service and SRH was significantly mediated by perceived attitudes toward the medical service. The degree of mediation is much larger for individuals’ satisfaction with the level of medical expertise than for trusting in doctors, attitudes toward medical service problems, and the attitude toward the level of the hospital. Targeted medical policy interventions are designed to promote individuals’ perceived attitudes toward the medical service, which might help to improve individuals’ health benefits.
Transient response analysis of multi-span pipe conveying fluid

The method of reverberation-ray matrix proposed by Pao et al. is applied to analyze the transient response of a multi-span pipe conveying fluid. The pipe under transverse vibration is considered as Timoshenko beam conveying axial flow. In the process of analysis, fast Fourier transform is used to convert the partial differential equation into ordinary differential equation. The support points of the pipe are chosen as the elements’ nodes. The transient wave motions at each node are divided into incident and reflected wave. By virtue of continuity and balance condition, the scattering relation is established between the above wave motions. The transient response is obtained by inverse fast Fourier transform. In the examples, the natural frequencies are calculated for single- and multi-span pipe conveying fluid with different fluid velocity, and great agreement is shown with the published literature. And then the transient responses, such as deformation, velocity, shear force and bending moment are obtained for a two-span pipe conveying fluid under different fluid velocity.
Effectiveness of a 3-Week Rehabilitation Program Combining Muscle Strengthening and Endurance Exercises Prior to Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial

We evaluated the effectiveness of a high-intensity preoperative resistance and endurance training program in improving physical function among patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty. This non-randomized controlled trial included 33 knee osteoarthritis patients scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty at a tertiary public medical university hospital. Fourteen and nineteen patients were non-randomly assigned to intervention and control groups, respectively. All patients underwent total knee arthroplasty and a postoperative rehabilitation program. The intervention group participated in a preoperative rehabilitation program comprising high-intensity resistance and endurance training exercises to increase lower limb muscle strength and endurance capacity. The control group received only exercise instruction. The primary outcome was the 6-min walking distance, which was significantly higher in the intervention group (399 ± 59.8 m) than in the control group (348 ± 75.1 m) 3 months post-surgery. There were no significant differences between the groups 3 months post-surgery in muscle strength, visual analog scale, WOMAC-Pain, range of motion of knee flexion, and extension. A 3-week preoperative rehabilitation program combining muscle strengthening and endurance training improved endurance 3 months after total knee arthroplasty. Thus, preoperative rehabilitation is important for improving postoperative activity.
An Investigation of Strut-Wall Intersection Losses

A study of the intersection losses associated with the junction of a symmetric airfoil and a planar wall is reported. An experimental program, conducted in a low-speed air tunnel, provided detailed wake total pressure profiles as well as surface flow visualization photographs which define the overall flowfield. The behavior of the intersection losses was examined for dependence on flow incidence angle and strut contour. It was found that the endwall intersection losses were strongly dependent on the thickness of the incident boundary layers-thick boundary layers producing markedly lower losses than very thin incident boundary layers. A heuristic model of the flowfield, which explains marked differences between the thick and thin boundary-layer results, is also presented.
Structure of a screeching rectangular jet: a stereoscopic particle image velocimetry study

The unsteady velocity field generated by an underexpanded jet has been investigated using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV). A 4:1 aspect ratio converging–diverging rectangular nozzle designed to operate at a fully expanded condition of $M=1.44$ was used. The nozzle was operated at off-design conditions to generate imperfectly expanded jets with intense screech tones. Phase-locked PIV measurements show the spatial and temporal evolution of the three-dimensional jet with high fidelity. In addition to the globally averaged mean and turbulence velocity field data, the phase-averaged data for the velocity and vorticity fields were also obtained. The turbulence quantities were resolved into contributions from the periodic and random motions. The deformation of the periodic spanwise structures results in the formation of strong streamwise vortices that appear to govern the mixing of the jet. It is shown that the presence of coherent vorticity of significant strength, in addition to the shock cell strength, is largely responsible for determining the screech intensity.
Turbulent Plumes in Nature

This review describes a range of natural processes leading to the formation of turbulent buoyant plumes, largely relating to volcanic processes, in which there are localized, intense releases of energy. Phenomena include volcanic eruption columns, bubble plumes in lakes, hydrothermal plumes, and plumes beneath the ice in polar oceans. We assess how the dynamics is affected by heat transfer, particle fallout and recycling, and Earth's rotation, as well as explore some of the mixing of the ambient fluid produced by plumes in a confined geometry.
What Drives Portuguese Women to Be Physically Active? Associations between Motives and Well-Being Indicators

Motives and self-esteem play crucial roles in shaping personal behavior and emotions and have been shown to impact well-being. However, the association between these constructs has been overlooked in women who seem to be more externally driven to engage in exercise. The present study was carried out with the objective of analyzing the associations between motives for physical exercise, positive and negative activations, and self-esteem of Portuguese women exercising at gyms and fitness centers. The sample consists of 206 women aged between 16 and 68 years old (M = 35.77; SD = 11.47). Participants answered a short sociodemographic questionnaire, the Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. The results showed that the health motive had the highest predictive value (β = 0.24; p < 0.01) on self-esteem and demonstrated a positive and significant correlation with positive activation and self-esteem (p < 0.01). On the other hand, the social recognition motive had the lowest predictive value on self-esteem (β = −0.04; p > 0.05) and demonstrated a non-significant correlation with positive activation and self-esteem (p > 0.05). Looking at the coefficients in the hierarchical regression model, it can be seen that the health motive and positive activation were positively and significantly correlated with self-esteem. This study points to the need to raise awareness about the motives of exercise related to the physical and mental health of Portuguese women. Portuguese women that exercise for health motives display greater perceived self-esteem which is an indication of a greater sense of well-being. While the results are limited to Portuguese women, exercise physiologists assessing exercise motives could provide information on how to prescribe exercise as a means to increase self-esteem, considering the positive activation resulting from this behavior.
Computation of the eigenmodes' system of generalized slotline by means of the domains' product technique

Presents an approach to the numerical analysis of a generalized slotline having a polygonal cross-section form. The solution of the eigenmodes problem is based on the domains' product technique. The distinguishing characteristic of the algorithm is the possibility of substantial variation of the structures geometry within the framework of the chosen mathematical model. Numerical computations of dispersion characteristics for particular cases of the above transmission line are presented. The validity of the approach has been confirmed by comparing the obtained results with the data of other authors.
Recruiting, retaining, and supporting graduate students of color in PWI education and human services programs

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of alumni of color in two graduate programs at a predominantly white institution (PWI) in rural Virginia. Through an electronic survey, alumni from a communication sciences and disorders (CSD) program and an educational leadership program reflected on their perceptions of their program’s recruitment, retention, and mentorship efforts for graduate students of color. Results showed that while graduate students of color in the educational leadership graduate program indicated a high level of support, some changes may need to be made in the CSD program to address the unique needs of graduate students of color. Future directions and addressing overarching needs for graduate students of color are discussed.
ON POSITIVITY OF SEVERAL COMPONENTS OF SOLUTION VECTOR FOR SYSTEMS OF LINEAR FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Abstract In the classical theorems about lower and upper vector functions for systems of linear differential equations very heavy restrictions on the signs of coefficients are assumed. These restrictions in many cases become necessary if we wish to compare all the components of a solution vector. The formulas of the integral representation of the general solution explain that these theorems claim actually the positivity of all elements of the Green's matrix. In this paper we define a principle of partial monotonicity (comparison of only several components of the solution vector), which assumes only the positivity of elements in a corresponding row of the Green's matrix. The main theorem of the paper claims the equivalence of positivity of all elements in the nth row of the Green's matrices of the initial and two other problems, non-oscillation of the nth component of the solution vector and a corresponding assertion about differential inequality of the de La Vallee Poussin type. Necessary and sufficient conditions of the partial monotonicity are obtained. It is demonstrated that our sufficient tests of positivity of the elements in the nth row of the Cauchy matrix are exact in corresponding cases. The main idea in our approach is a construction of an equation for the nth component of the solution vector. In this sense we can say that an analog of the classical Gauss method for solving systems of functional differential equations is proposed in the paper.
Misclassification Rates for Four Methods of Group Classification

This study compares the classification accuracy of linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), logistic regression (LR), and classification and regression trees (CART) under a variety of data conditions. Past research has generally found comparable performance of LDA and LR, with relatively less research on QDA and virtually none on CART. This study uses Monte Carlo simulations to assess the crossvalidated predictive accuracy of these methods, while manipulating such factors as predictor distribution, sample size, covariance matrix inequality, group separation, and group size ratio. The results indicate that QDA performs as well as or better than the other alternatives in virtually all conditions. Suggestions for practitioners are provided.
Two-Stage Estimation of Nonrecursive Choice Models

Questions of causation are important issues in empirical research on political behavior. Most of the discussion of the econometric problems associated with multiequation models with reciprocal causation has focused on models with continuous dependent variables (e.g., Markus and Converse 1979; Page and Jones 1979). Yet, many models of political behavior involve discrete or dichotomous dependent variables; this paper describes two techniques which can consistently estimate reciprocal relationships between dichotomous and continuous dependent variables. The first, two-stage probit least squares (2SPLS), is very similar to two-stage instrumental variable techniques. The second, two-stage conditional maximum likelihood (2SCML), may overcome problems associated with 2SPLS, but has not been used in the political science literature. We demonstrate the potential pitfalls of ignoring the problems of reciprocal causation in nonrecursive choice models and examine the properties of both techniques using Monte Carlo simulations: we find that 2SPLS slightly outperforms 2SCML in terms of bias but that 2SCML produces more accurate standard errors. However, the 2SCML model offers an explicit statistical test for endogeneity. The results from our simulations, and the statistical test for exogeneity, lead us to advocate the use of 2SCML for estimation of this class of causal models. We then apply both of these techniques to an empirical example focusing on the relationship between voter preferences in a presidential election and the voter's uncertainty about the policy positions taken by the candidates. This example demonstrates the importance of these techniques for political science research.
Machine Learning and Eye Movements Give Insights into Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanisms

Humans are a vision-dominated species; what we perceive depends on where we look. Therefore, eye movements (EMs) are essential to our interactions with the environment, and experimental findings show EMs are affected in neurodegenerative disorders (ND). This could be a reason for some cognitive and movement disorders in ND. Therefore, we aim to establish whether changes in EM-evoked responses can tell us about the progression of ND, such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD), in different stages. In the present review, we have analyzed the results of psychological, neurological, and EM (saccades, antisaccades, pursuit) tests to predict disease progression with machine learning (ML) methods. Thanks to ML algorithms, from the high-dimensional parameter space, we were able to find significant EM changes related to ND symptoms that gave us insights into ND mechanisms. The predictive algorithms described use various approaches, including granular computing, Naive Bayes, Decision Trees/Tables, logistic regression, C-/Linear SVC, KNC, and Random Forest. We demonstrated that EM is a robust biomarker for assessing symptom progression in PD and AD. There are navigation problems in 3D space in both diseases. Consequently, we investigated EM experiments in the virtual space and how they may help find neurodegeneration-related brain changes, e.g., related to place or/and orientation problems. In conclusion, EM parameters with clinical symptoms are powerful precision instruments that, in addition to their potential for predictions of ND progression with the help of ML, could be used to indicate the different preclinical stages of both diseases.
Objective analysis of daily extreme temperatures over Indian region

An objective analysis scheme to analyze daily maximum and minimum temperatures over Indian region has been developed. The daily data from 1970 to 1980 which are available with the India Meteorological Department have been used. The autocorrelation and structure functions of these two fields have been computed separately for every month of the year. Due to the strong anisotropy induced by the morphological characteristics of certain region, the observed autocorrelations have been modeled by a function which is not only a function of distance between two locations but also a function of their difference in elevation. The analysis scheme is optimum interpolation (using both types of correlation functions).
The Origin of Stationary Planetary Waves in the Upper Mesosphere

Abstract Satellite observations indicate that quasi-stationary planetary waves often exist to at least 100 km in the winter mesosphere. Waves are also seen in the summer upper mesosphere. A three-dimensional numerical model was used to simulate these waves and to diagnose the physical processes involved. The waves simulated in the model closely resemble observed waves. Several model runs that isolate specific processes are used to determine the relative importance of two forcing mechanisms. In the model, planetary waves that propagate from below are significantly damped at the altitude where gravity wave drag becomes large (about 75 km in the winter midlatitudes) or below if a reversal in the mean wind is encountered. Momentum forcing associated with breaking gravity waves that have been filtered by planetary-scale wind variations below acts to generate planetary waves in the middle and upper mesosphere. The amplitude from in situ forcing by gravity wave breaking exceeds the amplitude from the upward-prop.