Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Encephalitis associated with herpes simplex infection presenting as a temporal‐lobe mass

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM disease associated with herpes simplex infection includes aseptic meningiti~,l-~ acute encephalitis, and a fatal syndrome designated “acute necrotizing encephalitis,” “acute hemorrhagic encephalitis,” or “acute inclusion encephalitis. ”4-14 These latter terms refer to an illness with several unusual, perhaps unique, characteristics. Cases reported previously have been uniformly fatal with few individuals surviving beyond the first three weeks. Several reports3v9J0J2J4 have stressed the unique, focal nature of the brain involvement with areas of hemorrhagic softening and edema. This has been associated with a variety of focal neurological deficits and, on occasion, radiographic evidence of vascular or ventricular shift suggestive of a space-occupying lesion. The radiographic abnormalities have been most common with temporal-lobe involvement. All the cases included in this syndrome4-14 have been associated with the isolation of herpes simplex virus from brain obtained at autopsy or demonstration of Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions in involved portions, or both.l5 Six cases of acute necrotizing encephalitis with radiographic evidence of temporal-lobe involvement have been reported.335 Herpes simplex virus was not isolated from hraiu tissue in any of the 6, but intranuclear inclusions were found in brain tissue at autopsy. This paper describes 2 nonfatal cases of acute necrotizing encephalitis associated with herpes simplex infection. Each patient had
Identification of Human Liver Cytochrome P-450 3A4 as the Enzyme Responsible for Fentanyl and Sufentanil N-Dealkylation

Alfentanil, sufentanil, and fentanyl are synthetic opioids that are metabolized by oxidative N-dealkylation in the liver. We have previously shown that cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) contributes significantly to human liver microsomal alfentanil oxidation. Since identification of specific drug-metabolizing enzymes allows prediction of the variables affecting drug metabolism, the purpose of the present study was to identify the P-450 enzymes responsible for sufentanil and fentanyl metabolism in human liver microsomes. Microsomal preparations fortified with a reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating system were incubated with 0.25 micro Meter3 H-fentanyl or3 H-sufentanil. Rates of N-dealkylated metabolite formation significantly correlated with nifedipine oxidation activity (a marker of CYP3A4 activity) for fentanyl and sufentanil (r = 0.93 and 0.87, n = 18, respectively), but not with the oxidation activity for ethoxyresorufin (CYP1A2), S-mephenytoin (CYP2C19), bufuralol (CYP2D6), or chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1). Gestodene and troleandomycin (chemical inhibitors of CYP3A4) and antibody to CYP3A4 inhibited N-dealkylation of fentanyl and sufentanil. Chemical inhibitors of CYP2C, 2E1, and 2D6 did not inhibit N-dealkylation of fentanyl and sufentanil. Recombinant CYP3A4 expressed in Escherichia coli showed N-dealkylation activity of fentanyl and sufentanil, while expressed CYP1A2, 2C10, and 2E1 enzymes did not. We conclude that CYP3A4 is responsible for fentanyl and sufentanil N-dealkylation in vitro. (Anesth Analg 1996;82:167-72)
Encapsulation of solvent into halloysite nanotubes to promote self-healing ability in polymers

Microcracking during service is a critical problem, which can be particularly detrimental to the durability of polymers and polymer composite structures. Materials with self-healing ability are capable to partially or completely repair damages, thus increasing the life of the structural component. One of the self-healing approaches involves the use of solvents as healing agent, which reacts with the polymer healing microcracks. The objective of this research is to investigate a procedure to encapsulate solvents into halloysite nanotubes (HNT) to promote self-healing ability in epoxy. Autonomic healing would be triggered by crack propagation through the embedded nanotubes in the polymer, releasing the liquid solvent into the crack plane. Two solvents were considered in this work: dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and nitrobenzene. A procedure was developed to fill HNT with the solvents, which were then coated using the layer-by-layer technique of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Solvent encapsulation was verified by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared analysis, thermogravimetry, specific surface area (BET), and scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest that the procedure was successful to encapsulate DMSO into the nanotubes.
Thyroid Hormone Levels in Obese Children and Adolescents with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objective: We aimed to determine the association of thyroid functions with the components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in pediatric obese patients. Methods: The study included 109 obese children (aged 9-15 years) and a control group of 44 healthy age and gender-matched children of normal weight. NAFLD was diagnosed by conventional ultrasound examination. We assessed the anthropometric data and serum biochemical parameters including lipid profile, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), fasting glucose and insulin levels and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as a measure of IR. Results: The mean age and gender distributions in the groups were similar (p=0.23). The mean body mass index (BMI) z-scores of obese children with grade 2-3 NAFLD were significantly higher than those of the obese children without hepatic steatosis (p<0.001). Mean ALT, triglyceride (TG) and LDL cholesterol increased and HDL-cholesterol significantly decreased as the hepatic steatosis increased (p<0.05). HOMA-IR levels in obese subjects with grade 2-3 NAFLD were significantly higher than those in both obese children without NAFLD and grade 1 NADFL (p=0.05 and 0.001, respectively). In the obese subjects, TSH levels were increased significantly as the degree of steatosis increased (p=0.04) but fT3 and fT4 levels were not different. In correlation analysis, TSH was significantly correlated with ALT, BMI SDS and the degree of steatosis. Conclusions: Obese children demonstrate an increase in TSH levels as the degree of steatosis increased.
Biological Effects and Use of PrPSc- and PrP-Specific Antibodies Generated by Immunization with Purified Full-Length Native Mouse Prions

ABSTRACT The prion agent is the infectious particle causing spongiform encephalopathies in animals and humans and is thought to consist of an altered conformation (PrPSc) of the normal and ubiquitous prion protein PrPC. The interaction of the prion agent with the immune system, particularly the humoral immune response, has remained unresolved. Here we investigated the immunogenicity of full-length native and infectious prions, as well as the specific biological effects of the resulting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) on the binding and clearance of prions in cell culture and in in vivo therapy. Immunization of prion knockout (Prnp0/0 ) mice with phosphotungstic acid-purified mouse prions resulted in PrP-specific monoclonal antibodies with binding specificities selective for PrPSc or for both PrPC and PrPSc. PrPSc-specific MAb W261, of the IgG1 isotype, reacted with prions from mice, sheep with scrapie, deer with chronic wasting disease (CWD), and humans with sporadic and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in assays including a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. This PrPSc-specific antibody was unable to clear prions from mouse neuroblastoma cells (ScN2a) permanently infected with scrapie, whereas the high-affinity MAb W226, recognizing both isoforms, PrPSc and PrPC, did clear prions from ScN2a cells, as determined by a bioassay. However, an attempt to treat intraperitoneally prion infected mice with full-length W226 or with a recombinant variable-chain fragment (scFv) from W226 could only slightly delay the incubation time. We conclude that (i) native, full-length PrPSc elicits a prion-specific antibody response in PrP knockout mice, (ii) a PrPSc-specific antibody had no prion-clearing effect, and (iii) even a high-affinity MAb that clears prions in vitro (W226) may not necessarily protect against prion infection, contrary to previous reports using different antibodies.
Strain Effect on the Electrochemical Properties of Li2MnO3 Cathode Material: A First Principles Calculation

The strain effect on the properties of Li2MnO3 cathode material is investigated by means of first principles method. The intercalation potential decreases with the strains at the extent of about 0.1V. The strain effect on the intercalation potential is anisotropic with the strain perpendicular to the host layer brings the largest decrease to the potential. Additionally, the tensile paralleling to the host layer can also open up the migrating pathway of lithium in the transition metal layer. The strain effect on the anomalously large charging capacity of Li2MnO3 stabilized LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co, etc.) solid solution system is also evaluated from the two factors.
Analysis of the Microbial Community in the Leachate Collected from an Experimental Bioleaching Column by Cloning and RFLP

A culture independent molecular methodology was used to investigate the bacterial and archaeal microbial dynamics of leachate collected from a 60°C chalcopyrite bioleaching column inoculated with a known microbial consortium. A 16S rRNA gene clone library was constructed for both the bacterial and archaeal populations in the leachate from the column. PCR-RFLP analysis of these clone libraries indicate species dominance and generally low species diversity.
PAG Study in EUV Lithography

Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) has already achieved the initial requirements for 32 nm DRAM half pitch lithography rule and is known as one of the most promising next generation lithography techniques to be realized for 22 nm patterning technology though strict requirements for the power of the light sources, lithographic performance of the photoresist and the manufacturing and inspection of masks are still remaining.In this report, we investigated the photolithographic characteristics of Photoacid Generator (PAG) additive approach in EUV lithography with different polymer platforms and sulfonium-type PAGs compared with other exposure techniques to understand the relationship between lithography results and photoresist materials. Four different sulfonium nonafluorobutanesulfonate; triphenylsulfonium nonafluorobutanesulfonate (TPS), tri(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl) sulfonium nonafluorobutanesulfonate (MDP), tri(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)sulfonium nonafluorobutanesulfonate (MMP) and tri(4-methoxy-3-phenylphenyl)sulfonium nona-fluorobutanesulfonate (MPP) were employed as PAG in order to study the fundamental properties, such as sensitivity, photo-efficiency, lithographic performance , in the two different model formulations, poly(hydroxystyrene) (PHS) type and poly(methacrylates)-type, under three different exposures of 193 nm (ArF), Electron Beam (EB) and EUV.
PCASSO: applying and extending state-of-the-art security in the healthcare domain

As healthcare enters the age of technology and Internet access, new challenges emerge, particularly with respect to the protection of patient privacy and the protection of highly sensitive and life-critical information. By bringing state-of-the-art security technology to the healthcare domain, PCASSO (Patient Centered Access to Secure Systems Online) is setting a new standard in healthcare protection and patient empowerment, as well as making safe use of the Internet a real possibility.
A Formal Service Contract Model for Accountable SaaS and Cloud Services

Enabled by Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), recently Software as a Service (SaaS) and Cloud computing are gaining momentum in the industry. An open issue is how to ensure accountability in business services offered through Internet. Traditionally a contract is an effective legal means to uphold accountability in business transactions. In this paper, we propose a novel service contract model called OWL-SC for e-Services. Based on OWL-DL and SWRL, OWL-SC model can be used to disclose obligations of both e-Services consumer and e-Services provider. More importantly, the model allows service participants to monitor the service contract execution and keep track of obligation fulfillment for each party during service delivery. We also propose a graphical model SC-CPN based on Colored Petri-Nets (CPN) to formally model contract obligations and their interdependencies. SC-CPN can also be used to validate the correctness of obligations in OWL-SC through simulation and state space analysis. Finally, we use the Congo Book service as an example to illustrate how to use OWL-SC and SC-CPN to build a service contract model.
Efficient query rewrite for structured web queries

Web search engines incorporate results from structured data sources to answer semantically rich user queries, i.e. Samsung 50 inch led tv can be answered from a table of television data. However, users are not domain experts and quite often enter values that do not match precisely the underlying data, so a literal execution will return zero results. A search engine would prefer to return at least a minimum number of results as close to the original query as possible while providing a time-bound execution guarantee. In this paper, we formalize these requirements, show the problem is NP-Hard and present approximation algorithms that produce rewrites that work in practice. We empirically validate our algorithms on large-scale data from a major search engine.
Detailed Analysis of Reentrant Loops and Neighboring Sites in Alpha-Helical Transmembrane Proteins

Transmembrane (TM) proteins make up about 20-30% of all proteins and are important for processes such as, intra-cellular signal, materials transport and cell-cell interaction. These are composed of a bundle of α-helices that completely span the membrane. These TM α-helices are generally connected by extra-membrane loops of various lengths. However, some proteins, such as H/Cl exchange transporter or potassium channel, may have anomalous loops called “reentrant loops. ” Reentrant loops are wedged between α-helical membrane spanning regions at the same side of a membrane. These loops have so high hydrophobicity as to be buried in the membrane unlike normal extra-membrane loops, and they tend to be predicted as TM helices. Consequently, the accuracy of TM topology prediction gets worth, influencing on structure modeling and 3D structure prediction of TM proteins. In fact, the secondary structures are accurately predicted by TMHMM [3] and HMMTOP [6] after masking the reentrant loop regions for the TM proteins with known structures. Therefore, it is proper to predict TM topology after examining whether target proteins have reentrant loops, but there is not a useful method to predict reentrant loops now. In this study, we investigate physicochemical property and statistical features of reentrant loops by analyzing known reentrant loops based on various amino acid indices, aiming at collecting data for development of the methods to predict reentrant loops. In the formation of reentrant loops the neighboring sites, even at long range, are expected to have influences as well as the sequence compositions of reentrant loops themselves. Actually, it is reported that the effect of long-range interactions on formation of the secondary structures is not small [2]. In this study, therefore, we analyze the neighboring sites in detail as well as the reentrant loops.
Sulfate Attack on Concrete: Effect of Partial Immersion

Traditionally, the extent of sulfate attack is qualified through visual rating or quantified by the percent expansion of slender bars completely submerged in sulfate solution. There are currently no standardized test methods that take into account the change in engineering properties because of deleterious mechanisms. Moreover, the exposure regime used to evaluate sulfate attack, complete immersion, is not typically representative of that encountered in the field. For these reasons, the objective of the research presented herein is to quantify the degree of sodium sulfate attack through the degradation of mechanical properties, specifically the compressive and splitting tensile load capacities of standard cylindrical specimens. A novel exposure regime is utilized wherein the specimens are only partially submerged in 5% sodium sulfate solution, creating an evaporation front similar to that of field exposure. It was found that the portion submerged in sulfate solution, although visually pristine, was the weaker portion of the cylinder for both mechanical tests, even though the other half showed extensive signs of surface disintegration caused by salt crystallization.
Noninvasive blood glucose measurement by ultrasound-modulated optical technique

We present a method for the noninvasive measurement of blood glucose levels, which are determined by the ultrasound-modulated optical technique. The method is based on the optical scattering coefficient. A sensitivity analysis of the ultrasound-modulated light signals in a scattering medium is conducted. Glucose concentrations in intralipid and hemoglobin solutions are measured using the modulation depth of ultrasound-modulated scattered light. The effects of incident light intensity and sample temperature on the ultrasound-modulated signals are also estimated. Preliminary experimental results suggest that the proposed method is a promising technique for noninvasive blood glucose measurement.
Viscosity jump in Earth’s mid-mantle

A mysterious mid-mantle slowdown The viscosity of Earth's deep interior plays a key role in mediating plate tectonics. Rudolph et al. combined several geophysical data sets to model the viscosity of the mantle. Mantle viscosity abruptly increases below 1000 km. The increase could explain the stalling of subducting slabs and the deflections of hot upwelling plumes around this depth. Although the viscosity increase explains some recent unexpected observations, the origin of the jump itself remains a mystery. Science, this issue p. 1349 Geodynamic modeling reveals a large viscosity increase in Earth’s mid-mantle. The viscosity structure of Earth’s deep mantle affects the thermal evolution of Earth, the ascent of mantle plumes, settling of subducted oceanic lithosphere, and the mixing of compositional heterogeneities in the mantle. Based on a reanalysis of the long-wavelength nonhydrostatic geoid, we infer viscous layering of the mantle using a method that allows us to avoid a priori assumptions about its variation with depth. We detect an increase in viscosity at 800- to 1200-kilometers depth, far greater than the depth of the mineral phase transformations that define the mantle transition zone. The viscosity increase is coincident in depth with regions where seismic tomography has imaged slab stagnation, plume deflection, and changes in large-scale structure and offers a simple explanation of these phenomena.
Learning Sentence-internal Temporal Relations

In this paper we propose a data intensive approach for inferring sentence-internal temporal relations. Temporal inference is relevant for practical NLP applications which either extract or synthesize temporal information (e.g., summarisation, question answering). Our method bypasses the need for manual coding by exploiting the presence of markers like after, which overtly signal a temporal relation. We first show that models trained on main and subordinate clauses connected with a temporal marker achieve good performance on a pseudo-disambiguation task simulating temporal inference (during testing the temporal marker is treated as unseen and the models must select the right marker from a set of possible candidates). Secondly, we assess whether the proposed approach holds promise for the semi-automatic creation of temporal annotations. Specifically, we use a model trained on noisy and approximate data (i.e., main and subordinate clauses) to predict intra-sentential relations present in TimeBank, a corpus annotated rich temporal information. Our experiments compare and contrast several probabilistic models differing in their feature space, linguistic assumptions and data requirements. We evaluate performance against gold standard corpora and also against human subjects.
Synthesis and Characterization of Molecular Imprinting Polymer Microspheres of Piperine: Extraction of Piperine from Spiked Urine

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microspheres for Piperine were synthesized by precipitation polymerization with a noncovalent approach. In this research Piperine was used as a template, acrylic acid as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker, and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator and acetonitrile as a solvent. The imprinted and nonimprinted polymer particles were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The synthesized polymer particles were further evaluated for their rebinding efficiency by batch binding assay. The highly selected imprinted polymer for Piperine was MIP 3 with a composition (molar ratio) of 0.5 : 3 : 8, template : monomer : cross-linker, respectively. The MIP 3 exhibits highest binding capacity (84.94%) as compared to other imprinted and nonimprinted polymers. The extraction efficiency of highly selected imprinted polymer of Piperine from spiked urine was above 80%.
Simultaneous multithreading support in embedded distributed memory MPSoCs

Scalability and programmability are important issues in large homogeneous MPSoCs. Such architectures often rely on explicit message-passing among processors, each of which possessing a local private memory. This paper presents a low-overhead hardware/software distributed shared memory approach that makes such architectures multithreading-capable. The proposed solution is implemented into an open-source message-passing MPSoC through developing a POSIX-like thread API, which shows excellent scalability using application kernels used for benchmarking in shared-memory systems. This approach efficiently draws strengths from the on-chip distributed private memory that opens the way to exposing the multithreading programmability/capabilities of that component as a general-purpose accelerator.
ALTER: exploiting breakable dependences for parallelization

For decades, compilers have relied on dependence analysis to determine the legality of their transformations. While this conservative approach has enabled many robust optimizations, when it comes to parallelization there are many opportunities that can only be exploited by changing or re-ordering the dependences in the program. This paper presents Alter: a system for identifying and enforcing parallelism that violates certain dependences while preserving overall program functionality. Based on programmer annotations, Alter exploits new parallelism in loops by reordering iterations or allowing stale reads. Alter can also infer which annotations are likely to benefit the program by using a test-driven framework. Our evaluation of Alter demonstrates that it uncovers parallelism that is beyond the reach of existing static and dynamic tools. Across a selection of 12 performance-intensive loops, 9 of which have loop-carried dependences, Alter obtains an average speedup of 2.0x on 4 cores.