Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear transformation of waves in finite water depth

The formulation of a nonlinear frequency domain parabolic mild‐slope model is detailed. The resulting model describes two‐dimensional wave transformation and nonlinear coupling between frequency components. Linear dispersion and transformation characteristics are dictated by fully‐dispersive linear theory, an improvement over weakly‐dispersive Boussinesq theory. Both the present model and a weakly‐dispersive nonlinear frequency domain model are compared to laboratory data for both two‐dimensional wave transformation and pure shoaling. It is found that, in general, data‐model comparisons are enhanced by the present model, particularly in instances where the wave condition is outside the shallow water range.
New estimation and feature selection methods in mixture‐of‐experts models

We study estimation and feature selection problems in mixture‐of‐experts models. An $l_2$‐penalized maximum likelihood estimator is proposed as an alternative to the ordinary maximum likelihood estimator. The estimator is particularly advantageous when fitting a mixture‐of‐experts model to data with many correlated features. It is shown that the proposed estimator is root‐$n$ consistent, and simulations show its superior finite sample behaviour compared to that of the maximum likelihood estimator. For feature selection, two extra penalty functions are applied to the $l_2$‐penalized log‐likelihood function. The proposed feature selection method is computationally much more efficient than the popular all‐subset selection methods. Theoretically it is shown that the method is consistent in feature selection, and simulations support our theoretical results. A real‐data example is presented to demonstrate the method. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 519–539; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada
A note on neural networks with multiple equilibrium points

We give a condition which is necessary and sufficient for the injectivity (i.e., for the global invertibility) of vector fields defining a class of piece-wise-linear neural networks which include the Cellular Neural Networks as a special case. It is shown that this is the sharpest obtainable condition for injectivity, since it enables one to ascertain such property for each specific nonlinear piece-wise-linear function modeling the neuron activations. This result establishes an exact bound between neural circuits possessing a unique equilibrium point (which are tailor made, e.g., for solving global optimization problems) and those possessing multiple equilibrium points (which are suitable, e.g., for implementing a Content Addressable Memory or a Cellular Neural Network for image processing). We also prove conceptually similar results on injectivity in ease of continuously differentiable neuron activations. The proof of the main results exploits topological concepts from degree theory, such as the concept of homotopy of odd vector fields.
SECONDARY STUDENTS’ VIEWS TOWARDS THE USE OF GOOGLE CLASROOM AS AN ONLINE ASSESSMENTS TOOLS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Students of SMKN 1 Talangpadang have been conducting online assessment using Google Classroom during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to reveal students' views towards the use of Google Classroom as an online assessments tools during covid-19 pandemic at the secondary school level. The research used a qualitative descriptive method. The data in this study were obtained from questionnaires and interviews with all X OTKP 2 students in SMKN 1 Talangpadang. The data in this study were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and conclusions. This study found that students’s views toward the use of Google Clssroom as an assessment tool during pandemic was favorable. Students view that using Google Classroom as an online assignment tool is very beneficial for students doing online assignments during the pandemic, because doing online assignments with Google Classroom is simple, practical, and flexible.
Strategies for enhancing online flipped learning: a systematic review of empirical studies during the COVID-19 pandemic

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted schools and universities worldwide to switch to the online delivery of instructional activities. The use of fully online flipped learning correspondingly increased. This review identifies the challenges to this instructional approach and the elements required for effective course design and implementation across studies during the first two years of the pandemic (i.e. 2020-2021). The aim of this review is to draw on the experience gained through pandemic-led passive practices to establish a foundation for active instructional improvement. In the included articles (N = 70), new challenges (e.g. students' poor in-class participation, instructors' inability to observe students on-screen, and the lack of tangible hands-on practice) emerged when offering flipped courses remotely online. Using the identified course-design elements, this review proposes a RAISE design framework which can inform future practice in five aspects: Resources (e.g. providing instructional videos), Activities (e.g. stressing the application of knowledge and skills), Institutional facilitation (e.g. allocating budgets for educational technology), Support (e.g. employing online tools for student response and collaboration), and Evaluation (e.g. providing formative assessment and instructor feedback). This instructional approach can serve as an alternative to offering quality education independent of locations or during interruptions of campus operations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
Development of the ESEx index: a tool for predicting risk of recurrent severe COPD exacerbations

Background: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), multiple recurrent severe exacerbations that require hospitalization can occur. These events are strongly associated with death and other clinical complications. Objectives: We aimed to develop a prognostic model that could identify patients with COPD that are at risk of multiple recurrent severe exacerbations within 3 years. Design: Prospective cohort. Methods: The derivation cohort comprised patients with stable, moderate-to-severe COPD. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to develop the final model. Based on regression coefficients, a simplified index (ESEx) was established. Both, model and index, were assessed for predictive performance by measuring discrimination and calibration. Results: Over 3 years, 16.4% of patients with COPD experienced at least three severe recurrent exacerbations. The prognostic model showed good discrimination of high-risk patients, based on three characteristics: the number of severe exacerbations in the previous year, performance in the five-repetition sit-to-stand test, and in the 6-minute-walk test. The ESEx index provided good level of discrimination [areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs): 0.913]. Conclusions: The ESEx index showed good internal validation for the identification of patients at risk of three recurrent severe COPD exacerbations within 3 years. These tools could be used to identify patients who require early interventions and motivate patients to improve physical performance to prevent recurrent exacerbations.
The statistics of waves propagating in a one-dimensional random medium

We consider the one-dimensional scattering of waves in a time-independent random medium. The waves considered are time-harmonic. It is assumed that the wavelength of the waves and the correlation length of the scatterers are small compared with the distance required for significant scattering. Stochastic process theory is used to investigate the statistics of the wavefield. The problem of a wave incident on a length of random medium is investigated in two cases. The first is where the medium is backed by a perfectly reflecting boundary. Here the intensity is shown to be a product of two factors; an exponential term that decays into the medium and the exponential of a ‘Brownian motion’ that describes the fluctuations of intensity with different realizations of the random medium. Because a Brownian motion has a normal distribution, the intensity has a log–normal distribution at any fixed point in the interior of the medium. For a typical realization of the random medium the exponential decay leads to most of the wave energy being near the front of a long medium. However, it is shown that the average intensity is independent of position in the medium. This is because of the long tail of the log–normal distribution and comes about because the average is heavily weighted by exceptional realizations of the medium. Thus the average value of the intensity, unlike the average of the logarithm of the intensity, is not representative of the intensity in a typical realization. The exponential decay of intensity is a result of the phenomenon of Anderson localization, which has received much attention in solid-state physics. The second case considered is where there is no barrier at the back of the medium. For large lengths of the random medium, it is shown that the transmitted intensity has an approximately log–normal distribution. The typical transmitted intensity is exponentially small as a result of localization, the decay rate with length being the same as the decay rate for the previous case. The average transmitted intensity is also exponentially small, but with a different decay rate because of weighting by exceptional realizations. The third problem discussed is that of the response of a random medium to time-harmonic forcing in the interior. The boundaries are taken to be perfectly reflecting and the response is found to be localized near the source for a typical realization. This result is related to the existence of localized normal modes in a long medium.
Internal quantum efficiency of III-nitride quantum dot superlattices grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy

We present a study of the optical properties of GaN/AlN and InGaN/GaN quantum dot (QD) superlattices grown via plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy, as compared to their quantum well (QW) counterparts. The three-dimensional/two-dimensional nature of the structures has been verified using atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The QD superlattices present higher internal quantum efficiency as compared to the respective QWs as a result of the three-dimensional carrier localization in the islands. In the QW samples, photoluminescence (PL) measurements point out a certain degree of carrier localization due to structural defects or thickness fluctuations, which is more pronounced in InGaN/GaN QWs due to alloy inhomogeneity. In the case of the QD stacks, carrier localization on potential fluctuations with a spatial extension smaller than the QD size is observed only for the InGaN QD-sample with the highest In content (peak emission around 2.76 eV). These results confirm the efficiency o.
Assessment of The Risk Factors Affecting Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Kurdistan Region at Sulaimania City: Parental Perceptions

Background: There is a lack of research in the assessment of autism risk factors affecting children in the Kurdistan Region.The aim: The present study has been carried out to find the parental perceptions about socio-demographic, prenatal, perinatal and neonatal factors associated with autistic children.Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 120 autistic children's families, where their children diagnosed using the diagnostic and statistical manual of development disorder (DSM-5) (either mother or father) attending special school in Sulaimania city during October 2015 to June 2016. Factorial analysis (principal component analysis) was used in order to identify the effective factors affecting autism. Results: The characteristic of mother's socio-demographic data showed that the mother's mean age were (28.95 years, SD ± 6.320) and father's mean age was (34.10 years, SD ± 6.475). Prenatal factors showed (43.3%) were used medications while they were pregnant with their children. Mor than half (59.2%) of them were living in a very unhappy emotional status, which estimated as a second principle component affecting autism. Regarding the perinatal factors, more than half of the children were delivered through c/s and selected as the most effective factors affecting autism along with a prolong and induce labor. Conclusion: Overall, this study demonstrated four key factors such as, mother Socio- demographic, prenatal,perinatal and neonatal, each part has some factors shared common variance with other items.Recommendations: Much work will be needed to classify the specific types of autism. In addition, more appliedstudies are required in order to enhance the autistic children and their families quality of life
Flyttvägar och övervintringsplatser for svenska skrattmåspopulationer

A total of 1,508 recoveries of Black-headed Gulls Lorus ridibundus ringed as young in Sweden is analysed. There was hardly any evidence of a non-directional juvenile dispersal. Rather young gulls seemed to leave colonies and start migrating in the predominantly southwesterly direction soon after fledging. The recovery data suggest two main migratory routes for Swedish Black-headed Gulls, one along the Baltic coast and across the Danish Isles, the other across Sweden, mainly in the South Central Lowlands, and later along the coasts of Jutland. There are some indications that more northerly populations spend the winter slightly further to the north than more southerly ones. Although a few recoveries were from as far south as Morocco and some from Central Europe, the main wintering areas of Swedish Black-headed Gulls are Britain, The Netherlands, Belgium and France.
Analysis of Challenges Facing and Factors Influencing the Profitability of Dairy Cattle Enterprises in Southwestern Uganda

In this study, challenges experienced by dairy cattle enterprises in Southwestern Uganda and the factors influencing their profitability were respectively analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression in STATA 15.0 statistical software. Eighteen questions relating to the challenges experienced by dairy producers in the study area were factor analyzed using principal components analysis with varimax rotation. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin’s measure of sampling adequacy was 0.643, above the commonly recommended value of 0.6, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (ꭓ² (153) = 1670.13, P<0.001). Using both the scree plot and eigenvalues greater than 1 to determine the underlying components, the analysis yielded five factors explaining a total of 67.42% of the variance in the data. These factors were investment constraints, productivity constraints, climatic and environmental conditions, veterinary and social security services, and marketing constraints, which explained 21.32%, 13.01%, 11.97%, 11.03%, and 10.097% of the variance after rotation, respectively. The factors hypothesized to influence the profitability of dairy enterprises were; daily milk yield per lactating cow, the prevalence rate of diseases, percentage of lactating cows to those raised on the enterprise, attendance of animal production training, the unit production cost of milk, and enterprise size according to the number of animals raised. Regression analysis results of these factors revealed that the unit production cost of milk, enterprise size, and daily milk yield per lactating cow were statistically significant. The estimated model had an R-squared value of 0.92. The recommendations emphasized in this study were reducing milk production costs, rational use of production resources, adopting improved cattle breeds, improving feeding by supplementing animal diets with concentrate feeds to increase milk yield, and general improvement in dairy herd management practices, including disease control strategies.
Significance of temperature and pressure on minimum fluidization velocity in a fluidized bed reactor: An experimental analysis

ABSTRACT This investigation addresses the minimum fluidization velocity (U mf ) determination in a refractory insulated fluidized bed reactor (FBR) of 200 mm ID. Umf is determined with respect to different particle sizes and operating parameters like temperature and pressure up to 900 °C and 1 MPa respectively. This study has the main thrust into the establishment of U mf at elevated temperature and pressure during the thermochemical process, involving uniform mixing of gas-solid by fluidization phenomena at a pilot scale FBR. So, to understand the significance and impact of temperature along with pressure on Umf , a set of fluidization experiments have been demonstrated in FBR. Two waste materials are abundantly available, similar to Geldart’s group-B type bed materials, i.e. Calcined-clay and Coal-ash of an average size of 1.04 and 0.92 mm respectively, and apparent density of 883 and 850 kg/m3 respectively, have been selected as bed material. Experimental results revealed that Umf directly relates to particle size and inverse relationship with operating temperature and pressure. Results revealed that U mf decreases by 59.7% and 59.2% for both bed materials such as Calcined-clay and Coal-ash respectively as the temperature increases from 30 to 900°C at atmospheric pressure. Similarly, U mf also decreases by 63.3% and 66.0% for bed materials such as Calcined-clay and Coal-ash respectively as the pressure increases from atmospheric pressure to 1 MPa at room temperature. An empirical model has been developed for predicting Umf at elevated temperature and pressure during fluidization phenomena. The experimental Remf shows a good agreement with the predicted Remf by using the developed model proving its robustness. Key points to Highlight Determination of U mf w.r. t temperature at 30–900°C & pressure at atmospheric to 1 MPa in a 200 mm ID FBR. U mf has an inverse relation with both temperature and pressure of dp 1.04 and 0.92 mm. One model has been developed to predict U mf at elevated temperature and pressure. Experimental Remf shows a good agreement with the predicted Remf by using the developed model proving, its robustness. Ɛ mf has a direct relation with temperature for both considered bed materials.
SILAR-deposited manganese doped zinc oxide thin films for NO2 gas detection applications

ABSTRACT The structural, optical and gas detection characteristics of Mn-doped ZnO thin films synthesised by the Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) process with varied doping concentrations (4, 6 and 8%) were examined. X-ray diffraction data was used to investigate the structural properties and confirm the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. The surface morphology and the existence of all elements were verified using a field emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. To explore the vibrational bands present in Mn-doped ZnO films, we used FTIR spectra at ambient temperature. Ultraviolet-visible analysis reveals the absorption edge, which is found in the ultraviolet area, with a minor shift towards high wave length, whereas the energy bandgap decreases as Mn concentrations increase. At 200°C operating temperature, the gas sensing properties of Zn0.92Mn0. 08O showed good sensitivity, selectivity and shorter response time when compared to other prepared films.
Comparison of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in category IIIB chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A randomized prospective trial

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a heterogenous condition that impacts the Quality of life severely, and it has multimodal complex treatment options. We aimed to compare the efficacy of two well‐described neuromodulation therapies, transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) versus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) in the treatment of category IIIB CP/CPPS.
Triple Collisions Of Invariant Bundles

We provide several explicit examples of 3D quasiperiodic linear skew-products with simple Lyapunov spectrum, that is with $3$ different Lyapunov multipliers, for which the corresponding Oseledets bundles are measurable but not continuous, colliding in a measure zero dense set.
The dynamical nature of coronal streamers

Recent high‐sensitivity imaging of the Sun's white‐light corona from space has revealed a variety of unexpected small‐scale phenomena, including plasma blobs that are ejected continually from the cusplike bases of streamers, fine raylike structures pervading the outer streamer belt, and inflows that occur mainly during times of high solar activity. These phenomena can be interpreted as different manifestations of magnetic field line reconnection, in which plasma and magnetic flux are exchanged between closed and open field regions of the corona. The observations provide new insights into a number of long‐standing questions, including the origin of the streamer material in the outer corona, the sources of the slow solar wind, and the mechanisms that regulate the interplanetary magnetic field strength.
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM, APPARATUS COMPETENCE, INTERNAL SUPERVISION ON ACCOUNTABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL MANAGERS OF MAKASSAR CITY GOVERNMENT

This study was conducted to analyze the influence of leadership, Islamic motivation, and organizational commitment on job satisfaction, analyze the effect of job satisfaction on performance, analyze the influence of leadership, Islamic motivation, and organizational commitment on performance, analyze the influence of leadership, Islamic motivation, and commitment to performance through job satisfaction. The object of this research is the Land Agency Office of Gowa Regency with a total sample of 125 employees from a population of 182 employees (based on position). This sample was taken based on the probability sampling technique with the purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed using the AMOS SEM program. The results of this study indicate that leadership style has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, Islamic motivation has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on performance, leadership style has a positive and significant effect on performance, Islamic motivation has a positive and significant effect on performance, organizational commitment has a positive and insignificant effect on performance, leadership style through job satisfaction has a positive and insignificant effect on performance, Islamic motivation has a positive and significant effect on performance through job satisfaction, and organizational commitment has an effect positive is not significant on performance
Technical efficiency of U.S. Western Great Plains wheat farms using stochastic frontier analysis

ABSTRACT Technical efficiency (TE) is an important measure of farm performance. This study measured the TE of wheat farms across six states in the U.S. Western Great Plains based on production and farm management-specific variables. Significant factors positively influencing efficiency were insecticide use, farm size, and tillage. Alternatively, government payments, crop insurance, off-farm income, and crop share rates had negative effects on efficiency. Kansas and Oklahoma farms were more efficient than Nebraska and Wyoming farms in the sample. Average TE score of 0.56 indicates a substantial gap between average producers and the most efficient ones located near the TE frontier. Benchmarking the highly efficient farms provides best-management practices enabling less-efficient farms move closer to the efficient frontier. Extension specialists and collaboration among farms could transfer the skills and techniques through workshops, webinars, fact sheets, and social media pages.