Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Matthews, N. (2015). The selection of party leaders in Northern Ireland. Parliamentary affairs, 69(4), 901–927.

This article provides an analysis of the leadership selection methods adopted by Northern Ireland’s five main parties. Drawing on data from interviews with party elites and internal party documents, it sheds light on an important element of intra-party organisation in the region and constitutes a rare case-study of leadership selection in a consociational democracy. By accounting for instances of organisational reform this article also reveals the extent to which Northern Ireland’s parties align with the wider comparative trend of leadership ‘democratisation’. In terms of ‘who’ selects party leaders, the analysis finds a substantial degree of organisational heterogeneity and a reasonably high rate of democratisation. Northern Ireland’s parties also prove rather exceptional in their universal adoption of short fixed terms for party leaders and, in the case of three of the parties, their preference for high candidacy thresholds.
Eﬃcient Uncertainty Quantiﬁcation for Under-constraint Prediction following Learning using MCMC (cid:63)

We present an illustration of a method to ensure reliable uncertainty percolation, within supervised learning performed using Gaussian Processes (GP), and Markov Chain Monte Carlo based inference. We show the eﬀect of variously propagating the uncertainty, on predictions undertaken on the output variable, at test inputs, subsequent to the learning of the functional relationship between the input and the output, where this functional relation is modelled as a realisation from a GP. The eﬃciency of imposing a physically motivated constraints on the output - via priors imposed on the GP covariance kernel hyperpa-rameters - is compromised under certain strategies adopted to propagate uncertainty. Tools such as DNNs, that are relatively more blind to uncertainty learning/propagation, are found to be diversely inaccurate in their output prediction.
Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence Exploitation and Violence Cumulative Sexual Victimization and Mental Health Outcomes Cumulative Sexual Victimization and Mental Health Outcomes Among Incarcerated Women Among Incarcerated Women

Abstract This research explores the relationship between three different types of self-reported sexual victimization and subsequent mental health problems in a sample of incarcerated women. Previous literature establishes a link between victimization histories and poor mental health outcomes. This study focuses on sexual victimization experienced as a child, as an adolescent and as an adult, both individually and cumulatively, in relation to entering prison with a mental health diagnosis as well as reporting current depressive symptoms while incarcerated. Each type of victimization is significantly related to both prior mental health diagnosis and current depression in prison. Furthermore, there is an additive effect on both mental health diagnosis and symptoms of depression. ABSTRACT This research explores the relationship between three different types of self-reported sexual victimization and subsequent mental health problems in a sample of incarcerated women. Previous literature establishes a link between victimization histories and poor mental health outcomes. This study focuses on sexual victimization experienced as a child, as an adolescent, and as an adult, both individually and cumulatively, in relation to entering prison with a mental health diagnosis as well as reporting current depressive symptoms while incarcerated. Each type of victimization is significantly related to both prior mental health diagnosis and current depression in prison. Furthermore, there is an additive effect on both mental health diagnosis and symptoms of depression.
Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and nutrients on the growth, phenology and physiology of Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.]

x xii Symbols Abbreviations xiv CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1 Changing atmospheric CO2 concentrations 1 1.1.1 The "Greenhouse effect" 1 1.2 Fumigation Techniques 4 1.2. 1 Growth chambers 4 1.2. 2 Open top chambers 5 1.2. 3 Branch bags 6 1.2. 4 FACE systems 7 1.3 CO2 effects 8 1.3. 1 Growth responses 8 1.3. 2 Physiological responses 9 1.4 Nutrient interactions 11 1.5 Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Can) 13 1.6 Aims of the study 14 1.6. 1 Specific objectives 14 1.6. 2 Outline of the thesis 16
TO INVESTIGATE THE IMPACT OF INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND CLONIDINE AS ADJUVANTS AGENTS TO 0.5% HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE DURING SPINAL ANAESTHESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Background: To investigate the impact of intrathecal administration of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as adjuvants agents to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine during spinal anaesthesia: A comparative study. Materials and Methods: 50 patients who were scheduled to elective urological procedures under spinal anaesthetic were included in this study. This study aimed to investigate the impact of intrathecal administration of clonidine (30 micrograms) and dexmedetomidine (5 micrograms) on various parameters, including the time of onset, peak effect, and duration of sensory and motor block, as well as the hemodynamic effects. Additionally, the study examined the duration of complete and effective analgesia, sedation levels, and any potential side effects associated with the drugs. The total number of patients, which was 50, was separated into two distinct groups. Result: The group administered with Dexmedetomidine exhibited a significantly earlier start of sensory block (mean time of 108.22±11.63 seconds) compared to the group administered with Clonidine (mean time of 137.01±12.58 seconds), with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.005. The results indicate that the time it takes for motor block to occur after injection, known as onset of motor block, was earlier in the Dexmedetomidine group (122.87±10.14 seconds) compared to the Clonidine group (149.89±11.47 seconds). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were seen to be significantly lower in the group receiving dexmedetomidine compared to the group receiving clonidine at the 3rd, 5th, and 6th hours. The differences in VAS scores between the two groups were found to be statistically significant, with p-values of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.006, respectively. The diastolic blood pressures at various time intervals show no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the two groups, except at 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes. In these instances, the clonidine group has a significantly lower systolic blood pressure compared to the dexmedetomidine group (p<0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that the administration of 5 μg dexmedetomidine seems to provide a compelling alternative to the use of 30 μg clonidine as a supplementary agent to spinal bupivacaine during surgical interventions. The intervention offers high-quality intraoperative analgesia, maintains stable hemodynamic circumstances, provides sufficient sedation, minimises adverse effects, and delivers excellent postoperative analgesia.
DE LA FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES Mathématiques

A BSTRACT. — We describe how the resolution of a kernel-based interpolation problem can be associated with a spectral problem. An integral operator is deﬁned from the embedding of the considered Hilbert subspace into an auxiliary Hilbert space of square-integrable functions. We ﬁnally obtain a spectral representation of the interpolating elements which allows their approximation by spectral truncation. As an illustration, we show how this approach can be used to enforce boundary conditions in kernel-based interpolation models and in what it oﬀers an interesting alternative for dimension reduction. R ´ESUM´E. — Nous d´ecrivons comment la r´esolution d’un probl`eme d’inter-polation `a noyaux peut ˆetre associ´ee `a un probl`eme spectral. Un op´erateur int´egral est d´eﬁni `a partir d’un plongement du sous-espace hilbertien consid´er´e dans un espace de Hilbert auxiliaire compos´e de fonctions de carr´e int´egrable. On obtient une repr´esentation spectrale des ´el´ements inter-polants permettant leur approximation par troncature du spectre. `A titre d’exemple, nous montrons comment cette approche peut ˆetre utilis´ee aﬁn d’int´egrer des informations de type conditions aux limites dans un mod`ele d’interpolation et en quoi elle oﬀre une alternative int´eressante pour la r´eduction de dimension.
Hysteroscopy in the Evaluation of Recurrent First Trimesteric Miscarriages

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the most painful and difficult areas of reproductive medicine since the explanation is often unknown. RPL is caused by uterine factors (both acquired and congenital). Hysteroscopy is the gold standard for evaluating the endometrial cavity because it allows direct sight of the endometrium. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of hysteroscopy in the assessment of cases with recurrent first trimesteric miscarriage. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 164 women with recurrent first trimesteric miscarriages, who were referred to Early Cancer Detection Unit (ECDU) to undergo diagnostic hysteroscopy for various complaints. Women were asked to attend postmenstrual within 3-6 months following abortion. Hysteroscopy was done under local anesthesia. Before operation, all cases were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations as random blood glucose level, serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), serum prolactin, anticardiolipin (IgG, IgM), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Results: Abnormal hysteroscopic study was found in 53.0% of cases with recurrent first trimesteric miscarriages. Acquired uterine abnormalities were found in 27.4% of cases and it was more common than congenital uterine anomalies that were found in 25.6% of cases. The most common congenital uterine anomaly was uterine septum that was found in 20% of cases, while the most common acquired abnormality was uterine polyp (s) that was found in 11% of cases. 20% of these anatomical abnormalities were corrected hysteroscopically. Conclusion: Hysteroscopy is safe, sensitive and reliable tool of diagnosis and could be performed at outpatient bases without anesthesia.
E-GOVERNMENT SYSTEM FRAMEWORK SUCCESSFUL FACTORS

Each government is looking to provide the best services to establish efficiency and quality of performance. This goal could be accomplished by improving the service performance of entire sectors in society. The government of Syria has realized the importance of moving in the direction of information technology. Therefore, E-government initiatives were launched in Syria as part of the country’s overall information technology in the 20 th century. Each government sector has since upgraded service performance by having its own websites and E-services application. However, there exist gaps and loose connections among the sectors, which has accordingly tarnished the image of Syrian E-government. This has led to significant questions about the requirement of modification and enhancement of such service. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investiga te and explore the factors that drive the E-government implementation and affect the government performance as well as the government-citizen relationship in Syria.
Production of nitrogen gas via anammox and denitrification in intact sediment cores along a continental shelf to slope transect in the North Atlantic

We measured the production of N2 gas from anammox and denitrification simultaneously in intact sediment cores at six sites along a transect of the continental shelf (50 m) and deeper slope (2000 m) in the North Atlantic. Maximum rates of total N2 production were measured on the shelf and were largely due to denitrification, with anammox contributing, on average, 33% of this production. On the continental slope, the production of N2 gas decreased but the proportion due to anammox reached a maximum of 65%. This change in both amount and dominant pathway of N2 production could be explained largely by the concentration of organic carbon at each site. With increasing carbon the total production of N2 increased rapidly while the response of anammox was not significant. On the continental slope, total N2 production fell below 2 µmol N m‐2 h‐1 and anammox was strongly related (r = 0.95) to denitrification but the relative magnitude of anammox to denitrification (1.65 : 1) suggested that anammox could not be fuelled by NO2‐ from denitrification alone. On the shelf, however, where total N2 production was predominantly greater than 2 µmol N m‐2 h‐1, no relationship between anammox and denitrification was found and anammox remained constant at 1.4 µmol N m‐2 h‐1. Despite the constancy and greater availability of NO3‐ and lower temperatures on the continental slope, the significance of anammox to the total production of N2 appears primarily controlled by the overall rate of N2 production.
Forensic analysis of the 38 subject deaths in the 6-Month Interim Report of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Clinical Trial

The analysis reported here is unique in that it is the first study of the original data from the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine clinical trial (CA4591001) to be carried out by a group unaffiliated with the trial sponsor. Our study is a forensic analysis of the 38 trial subjects who died between July 27, 2020, the start of Phase 2/3 of the clinical trial, and March 13, 2021, the data end date of their 6-Month Interim Report. Phase 2/3 of the trial involved 44,060 subjects who were equally distributed into two groups and received Dose 1 of either the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinated or the Placebo control (0.9% normal saline). At Week 20, when the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine received Emergency Use Authorization from the U.S. FDA, subjects in the placebo arm were given the option to be BNT162b2 vaccinated. All but a few accepted. Surprisingly, a comparison of the number of subject deaths per week during the 33 Weeks of this study found no significant difference between the number of deaths in the vaccinated versus placebo arms for the first 20 weeks of the trial, the placebo-controlled portion of the trial. After Week 20, as subjects in the Placebo were unblinded and vaccinated, deaths among this still unvaccinated cohort of this group slowed and eventually plateaued. Deaths in the BNT162b2 vaccinated subjects continued at the same rate. Our analysis revealed inconsistencies between the subject data listed in the 6-Month Interim Report and publications authored by Pfizer/BioNTech trial site administrators. Most importantly, we found evidence of an over 3.7-fold increase in number of deaths due to cardiovascular events in BNT162b2 vaccinated subjects compared to Placebo controls. This significant adverse event signal was not reported by Pfizer/BioNTech. Potential sources of these data inconsistencies are identified.
REFLECTIVE TEACHING AMONG INDONESIAN NOVICE EFL TEACHERS: HINDRANCES TO THE PRACTICE

Research and studies on teachers’ reflective practice have increased over the decades. However, the factors contributing to the low levels and application of reflective practice among Indonesian novice EFL teachers have been very little explored. This study aims to explore the hindrances faced by novice EFL teachers to their practice of reflective teaching. This qualitative study used a survey method and an online questionnaire adopted and developed from the IETRTQ or Inhibitors to EFL Teachers’ Reflective Teaching Questionnaire as the research instrument. The questionnaire was then administered to 30 Indonesian novice EFL teachers as the samples of this study. After collecting the data, simple descriptive statistics such as mean and frequency analysis were employed to provide a more qualitative analysis regarding the result. The findings of this study show that the lack of novice EFL teachers’ reflective practices is due to some hindrances to their practice. The hindrances include a lack of knowledge factors, emotional and affective factors, and institutional factors. Further, it is expected that novice teachers, EFL study programs, EFL policy makers and trainers, teaching institutions, and future researchers can work cooperatively to contribute to the implementation of reflective practice of teaching.
Macrobenthic Community Structure - An Approach to Assess Coastal Water Pollution in Bangladesh

A research on the assemblages of benthic macro faunal community in the coastal areas of Bangladesh was conducted during February-March, 2015 following the standard methods to assess the status of environmental pollution. The abundance (r=0.846) and species richness (r=0.864) of the macrobenthic communities were significantly influenced by the water salinity of the sampling sites (p ≤ 0.05). Both the study areas namely the Bakkhali River Estuary and the Meghna River Estuary showing the highest (3909 ± 540 ind./m2) and lowest (2236 ± 689 ind./m2) density of benthic macrofaunal abundance respectively might be considered as moderately polluted areas according to the results obtained from Shannon-Wiener index of species diversity (2.69 ± 0.13 and 2.00 ± 0.11 respectively) and Margalef's species richness (2.21 ± 0.43 and 1.36 ± 0.11 respectively). Therefore, it is plausible that the macrobenthic community explained in the present study might be a key future outline to assess the status of coastal water pollution of those concerned areas of Bangladesh.
Moment tensor inversion of local earthquake data—II. Application to aftershocks of the May 1980 Mammoth Lakes earthquakes

SUMMARY Near-source data were collected by the USGS from the Mammoth Lakes earthquakes aftershock sequence in May/June 1980. This data set was used to perform moment tensor inversions for events where recordings existed at more than 10 stations. Since l-D reflectivity modelling was used for calculating the appropriate Green's functions, the 10 station constraint was imposed to try to minimize the influence of complex structure in the vicinity of Long Valley caldera. Due to these constraints only relatively strong events in the magnitude range 3.5 5 ML 5 4.5 were studied. The moment tensors from the inversions indicate that in almost all cases only the m2 or (MIJ component was significantly excited. This type of moment tensor corresponds to a pure vertical strike-slip mechanism striking north with left-lateral movement. This result is in good agreement with results by Lide & Ryall (1985), who found hypocentre lineations for the aftershocks on N-S extending zones. They are also similar to the mechanisms initially proposed for the four ML = 6 mainshocks by other investigators as well as consistent with the composite fault plane solution of Archuleta et al. (1982) and cannot be interpreted in terms of a CLVD mechanism for dike injection.
Chloritoid–glaucophane schist in the north Qilian orogen, NW China: phase equilibria and P–T path from garnet zonation

Chloritoid–glaucophane‐bearing rocks are widespread in the high‐pressure belt of the north Qilian orogen, NW China. They are interbedded and cofacial with felsic schists originated from greywackes, mafic garnet blueschists and low‐T eclogites. Two representative chloritoid–glaucophane‐bearing assemblages are chloritoid + glaucophane + garnet + talc + quartz (sample Q5‐49) and chloritoid + glaucophane + garnet + phengite + epidote + quartz (sample Q5‐12). Garnet in sample Q5‐49 is coarse‐, medium‐ and fine‐grained and shows two types of zonation patterns. In pattern I, Xgrs is constant as Xpy rises, and in pattern II Xgrs decreases as Xpy rises. Phase equilibrium modelling in the NC(K)MnFMASH system with Thermocalc 3.25 indicates that pattern I can be formed during progressive metamorphism in lawsonite‐stable assemblages, while pattern II zonation can be formed with further heating after lawsonite has been consumed. Garnet growth in Q5‐49 is consistent with a continuous progressive metamorphic process from ∼14.5 kbar at 470 °C to ∼22.5 kbar at 560 °C. Garnet in sample Q5‐12 develops with pattern I zonation, which is consistent with a progressive metamorphic process from ∼21 kbar at 540 °C to ∼23.5 kbar at 580 °C with lawsonite present in the whole garnet growth. The latter sample shows the highest P–T conditions of the reported chloritoid–glaucophane‐bearing assemblages. Phase equilibrium calculation in the NCKFMASH system with a recent mixing model of amphibole indicates that chloritoid + glaucophane paragenesis does not have a low‐pressure limit of 18–19 kbar as previously suggested, but has a much larger pressure range from 7–8 to 27–30 kbar, with the low‐pressure part being within the stability field of albite.
Influence of the seasonal snow cover on the ground thermal regime: An overview

The presence of seasonal snow cover during the cold season of the annual air temperature cycle has significant influence on the ground thermal regime in cold regions. Snow has high albedo and emissivity that cool the snow surface, high absorptivity that tends to warm the snow surface, low thermal conductivity so that a snow layer acts as an insulator, and high latent heat due to snowmelt that is a heat sink. The overall impact of snow cover on the ground thermal regime depends on the timing, duration, accumulation, and melting processes of seasonal snow cover; density, structure, and thickness of seasonal snow cover; and interactions of snow cover with micrometeorological conditions, local microrelief, vegetation, and the geographical locations. Over different timescales either the cooling or warming impact of seasonal snow cover may dominate. In the continuous permafrost regions, impact of seasonal snow cover can result in an increase of the mean annual ground and permafrost surface temperature by several degrees, whereas in discontinuous and sporadic permafrost regions the absence of seasonal snow cover may be a key factor for permafrost development. In seasonally frozen ground regions, snow cover can substantially reduce the seasonal freezing depth. However, the influence of seasonal snow cover on seasonally frozen ground has received relatively little attention, and further study is needed. Ground surface temperatures, reconstructed from deep borehole temperature gradients, have increased by up to 4°C in the past centuries and have been widely used as evidence of paleoclimate change. However, changes in air temperature alone cannot account for the changes in ground temperatures. Changes in seasonal snow conditions might have significantly contributed to the ground surface temperature increase. The influence of seasonal snow cover on soil temperature, soil freezing and thawing processes, and permafrost has considerable impact on carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the ground and on the hydrological cycle in cold regions/cold seasons.
Recreational Homes and Planning in Gateway Communities: A Literature Review

This review of the literature looks at the role of recreational homes within planning contexts for gateway communities. While the scope of our literature is global, our focus tends to center on the developed world. Following an introduction, we review the literature relating to spatial distribution and development patterns of recreational homes, migration and the role of amenities, and the social, economic, housing stock, and functional land use change elements associated with development planning to address key issues brought forward by recreational homes and their use. Implications for planning are examined, concluding with potential opportunities for further research.