Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of functional compounds in blue shark (Prionace glauca) liver oil obtained by green technology ; Determinación de compuestos funcionales en aceite de hígado de tiburón azul (Prionace glauca) obtenido mediante tecnología verde

D.N. Santos, F.S. Silva, A.B. Verde, G.M. Bittencourt and A.L. de Oliveira * Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alta Pressão e Produtos Naturais (LTAPPN), Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (FZEA/ USP). Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Jardim Elite, Caixa Postal 23, CEP 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil. Corresponding author: alelopes@usp.br
Does the Effect of Internet Use on Chinese Citizens’ Psychological Well-Being Differ Based on Their Hukou Category?

This paper draws support from the 2018 wave of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS 2018) and uses unconditional quantile regression, re-centered influence function (RIF) decomposition, linear structural equation modelling, extended regression modelling and censored regression to explore the heterogeneity of the impact of Internet use on the psychological well-being of Chinese non-agricultural and agricultural hukou holders. We find that Internet use better improves the psychological well-being of non-agricultural hukou holders, thereby widening the gap in psychological well-being between urban and rural residents in China. Through RIF decomposition, we observe that, except for the 10th quantile, the expansion effect of Internet use on the inequality in psychological well-being between agricultural and non-agricultural hukou holders is mainly reflected in the structure effect, which shows that compared to non-agricultural hukou holders, the return rate of Internet use on the psychological well-being of agricultural hukou holders is lower. Further mechanism analysis shows that using the Internet to socialize, obtain information and understand politics is more beneficial for the psychological well-being of non-agricultural hukou holders; moreover, Internet use can further exert different effects on the psychological well-being of the two groups by differently influencing their job satisfaction, government evaluation, and sleep quality. This study also confirms that relying only on external scientific and technological progress has a limited corrective effect on existing inequalities.
High Plasma Glutamate and a Low Glutamine-to-Glutamate Ratio Are Associated with Increased Risk of Heart Failure but Not Atrial Fibrillation in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) Study.

BACKGROUND Although the association between glutamate and glutamine in relation to cardiometabolic disorders has been evaluated, the role of these metabolites in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES We examined associations of glutamate, glutamine, and the glutamine-to-glutamate ratio with AF and HF incidence in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS The present study used 2 nested case-control studies within the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study. During ∼10 y of follow-up, there were 509 AF incident cases matched to 618 controls and 326 HF incident cases matched to 426 controls. Plasma concentrations of glutamate and glutamine were semiquantitatively profiled with LC-tandem MS. ORs were estimated with multivariable conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, per 1-SD increment, glutamate was associated with a 29% (95% CI: 1.08, 1.54) increased risk of HF and glutamine-to-glutamate ratio with a 20% (95% CI: 0.67, 0.94) decreased risk. Glutamine-to-glutamate ratio was also inversely associated with HF risk (OR per 1-SD increment: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.94) when comparing extreme quartiles. Higher glutamate concentrations were associated with a worse cardiometabolic risk profile, whereas a higher glutamine-to-glutamate ratio was associated with a better cardiometabolic risk profile. No associations between the concentrations of these metabolites and AF were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high plasma glutamate concentrations possibly resulting from alterations in the glutamate-glutamine cycle may contribute to the development of HF in Mediterranean individuals at high CVD risk.This trial was registered at www.isrctn. com as ISRCTN35739639.
Motor Neuron Disease Register for England, Wales and Northern Ireland—an analysis of incidence in England

Abstract Introduction Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has a reported incidence of 1–2/100,000 person-years. It is estimated that there are 5000 people with ALS in the UK at any one time; however, the true figure and geographical distribution, are unknown. In this study, we describe the establishment of a population register for England, Wales, and Northern Ireland and report-estimated incidence. Methods: People with a diagnosis of ALS given by a consultant neurologist and whose postcode of residence is within England, Wales, or Northern Ireland were eligible. The catchment area was based on six data contributors that had been participating since 2016. All centres included in this analysis were in England, and therefore Wales and Northern Ireland are not included in this report. Crude age- and sex-specific incidence rates were estimated using population census records for the relevant postcodes from Office of National Statistics census data. These rates were standardized to the UK population structure using direct standardization. Results: There were 232 people in the database with a date of diagnosis between 2017 and 2018, when missing data were imputed there were an estimated 287–301 people. The denominator population of the catchment area is 7,251,845 according to 2011 UK census data. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence for complete cases was 1.61/100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval 1.58, 1.63), and for imputed datasets was 2.072/100,000 person-years (95% CI 2.072, 2.073). Discussion: We found incidence in this previously unreported area of the UK to be similar to other published estimates. As the MND Register for England, Wales, and Northern Ireland grows we will update incidence estimates and report on further analyses.
Biomarkers and progress of antioxidant therapy for rare mitochondrial disorders

ABSTRACT Introduction: In mitochondrial disorders, a group of genetic diseases associated with decreased energy production and redox imbalance, the pathogenic role of oxidative stress has been pivotal in fostering antioxidant therapy in the attempt to modify the natural history of the conditions. Areas covered: This review focuses on oxidative stress biomarkers and discusses antioxidant treatment as a potential drug strategy for effective management of mitochondrial disorders. Expert opinion: New approaches and strategies will be needed to treat patients with mitochondrial disorders. Clinical variability of mitochondrial disorders, low sample size due to their rarity, lacking data on disease natural history and the high variance of the outcome measures so far used are all factors that, in addition to the complexity of the investigated pathway and the huge number of potential combinations of antioxidants, make it necessary to optimize treatment strategy, refine the target and improve the investigation tools. New molecules have recently been studied, such as Nrf2 inducers. Combinations of antioxidant substances also seem to have a rationale in this context. Promising results come from the stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis or by-pass the genetic block of OXPHOS complexes by alternative enzymes NADH dehydrogenase/CoQ reductase and CoQ/O2 oxidase. Finally, gene therapy approaches seem to open interesting scenarios, targeted to repair the mutated gene to complement its defect. Going ahead with well-controlled clinical trials is still necessary to define the effectiveness of current potential therapies and to design future, hopefully more effective, interventions for mitochondrial disorders.
Clinical outcomes of minimally invasive ceramic restorations executed by dentists with different levels of experience. Blind and prospective clinical study.

PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical outcomes of minimally invasive ceramic restorations executed by dentists with different levels of experience. METHODS Sixteen professionals were divided into 4 groups according to their experience levels. These included G1: up to 2 years since graduation, G2: 2-5 years, G3: 5-10 years, and G4: more than 10 years. All professionals were trained to follow the same standardized clinical protocol, but were unaware of the research objectives. A single evaluator followed the clinical treatments and recorded the complications and errors that occurred during the execution of the protocol. Ninety-one full crowns, 137 veneers, and 46 no-preparation veneers were prepared from lithium disilicate. Follow-ups were performed immediately and at 30, 180, and 360 days after the cementation and the evaluation based on the modified United States Public Health Service criteria. Ceramic chipping/fracture and debonding were considered failures. Fractures were replicated and submitted to fractographic analysis. RESULTS The highest number of failures were found in G1 followed by G3 and the lowest number of failures were found in G2. The level of success was 94% after 360 days. The fractographic analysis demonstrated the external surface of restorations as the critical area and suggested that failures might occur due to noncompliance with the clinical protocol. There was no correlation between professional experience and number of failures or patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Professional experience was not a decisive for patient satisfaction and success of minimally invasive ceramic restorations, and noncompliance with the clinical protocol was associated with early ceramic restoration failures.
Surgery Task Load Index in Cardiac Surgery: Measuring Cognitive Load Among Teams

Background. The most commonly used subjective assessment of perceived cognitive load, the NASA Task Load Index (TLX), has proven valuable in measuring individual load among general populations. The surgery task load index (SURG-TLX) was developed and validated to measure cognitive load specifically among individuals within a surgical team. Notably, the TLX lacks temporal sensitivity in its typical retrospective administration. Objective. This study sought to expand the utility of SURG-TLX by investigating individual measures of cognitive load over time during cardiac surgery, and the relationship between individual and team measures of cognitive load and proxies for surgical complexity. Materials & Methods. SURG-TLX was administered retrospectively in the operating room immediately following each case to approximate cognitive load before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery team members (surgeon, anesthesiologist, and perfusionist). Correlations were calculated to determine the relationship of individual and team measures of cognitive load over the entire procedure with bypass length and surgery length. Results. Results suggest that perceived cognitive load varies throughout the procedure such that cognitive load during bypass significantly differs compared to before or after bypass, across all 3 roles. While on bypass, results show that anesthesiologists experience significantly lower levels of perceived cognitive load than both surgeons and perfusionists. Correlational analyses reveal that perceived cognitive load of both the surgeon and the team had significant positive associations with bypass length and surgery length. Conclusion. Our findings support the utility of SURG-TLX in real cardiac cases as a measure of cognitive load over time, and on an individual and team-wide basis.
Foreground Stimuli and Task Engagement Enhance Neuronal Adaptation to Background Noise in the Inferior Colliculus of Macaque.

Auditory neuronal responses are modified by background noise. Inferior colliculus (IC) neuronal responses adapt to the most frequent sound level within an acoustic scene (adaptation to stimulus statistics), a mechanism that may preserve neuronal and behavioral thresholds for signal detection. However, it is still unclear if the presence of foreground stimuli and/or task involvement can modify neuronal adaptation. To investigate how task-engagement interacts with this mechanism, we compared the response of IC neurons to background noise, which caused adaptation to stimulus statistics, while macaque monkeys performed a masked tone detection task (task-driven condition) with responses recorded when the same background noise was presented alone (passive listening condition). In the task-dependent condition, monkeys performed a Go/No-Go task while 50 ms tones were embedded within an adaptation-inducing continuous background noise, whose level changed every 50 ms and were drawn from a probability distribution. The adaptation to noise stimulus statistics in IC neuronal responses was significantly enhanced in the task-driven condition compared to the passive listening condition, showing that foreground stimuli and/or task-engagement can modify IC neuronal responses. Additionally, the response of IC neurons to noise was significantly affected by the preceding sensory information (history effect) regardless of task involvement. These studies show that dynamic range adaptation in IC preserves behavioral and neurometric thresholds irrespective of noise type, and a dependence of neuronal activity on task-related factors at subcortical levels of processing.
Reliability of the Mouse Grimace Scale in C57BL/6JRj Mice

Simple Summary The protection and welfare of laboratory animals is ethically and legally required. Any possible impairment of well-being caused by husbandry or experiment must be reduced to a minimum. A prerequisite for ameliorating animal welfare is that we recognize the current well-being state of the animals by using measuring tools, for instance, the grimace scale. Facial expressions of mice, the most frequently used laboratory animals, can be analyzed using the Mouse Grimace Scale, which consists of five action units, i.e., orbital tightening, nose and cheek bulge, ear position, and whisker change. Since it is important that the animal welfare measuring tools are reliable and objective, we investigated the reliability of the Mouse Grimace Scale. Our results indicated good agreement between all observers applying the Mouse Grimace Scale. However, when investigating the action units individually, the best agreement was achieved for orbital tightening and the poorest agreement for nose as well as cheek bulge, depending on the observers’ experience levels. Against this background, we critically discuss factors that potentially influence the reliability of the Mouse Grimace Scale to improve its application. Abstract To maintain and foster the welfare of laboratory mice, tools that reliably measure the current state of the animals are applied in clinical assessment. One of these is the Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS), a coding system for facial expression analysis. Since there are concerns about the objectivity of the MGS, we further investigated its reliability. Four observers (two experienced and two inexperienced in use of the MGS) scored 188 images of 33 female and 31 male C57BL/6JRj mice. Images were generated prior to, 150 min, and two days after ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. The intraclass correlations coefficient (ICC = 0.851) indicated good agreement on total MGS scores between all observers when all three time points were included in the analysis. However, interrater reliability was higher in the early post-anesthetic period (ICC = 0.799) than at baseline (ICC = 0.556) and on day 2 after anesthesia (ICC = 0.329). The best agreement was achieved for orbital tightening, and the poorest agreement for nose and cheek bulge, depending on the observers’ experience levels. In general, experienced observers produced scores of higher consistency when compared to inexperienced. Against this background, we critically discuss factors that potentially influence the reliability of MGS scoring.
Myoepithelioma of soft tissue and bone, and myoepithelioma‐like tumors of the vulvar region: Clinicopathological study of 15 cases by PLAG1 immunohistochemistry

We demonstrated the clinicopathological findings of 13 myoepitheliomas of soft tissue and bone (MESTBs) and two myoepithelioma‐like tumors of the vulvar region (MELTVRs), focusing on the association between nuclear atypia and clinical course, and the utility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) for the pathological diagnosis of these tumors. Of the 13 MESTBs, eight, one and four cases exhibited mild, moderate and severe nuclear atypia, respectively. Two cases with venous invasion showed severe nuclear atypia and both died of advanced disease. Two MELTVR cases showed moderate nuclear atypia and had no evidence of disease after surgery. On IHC, 12 of 13 (92.3%) MESTBs showed PLAG1 immunoreactivity and none of the MELTVRs expressed PLAG1. In addition, MELTVRs showed loss of INI1 expression. In contrast, all MESTBs retained INI1 expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridization detected EWSR1, FUS and PLAG1 rearrangement in 5 (38.5%), 0 (0%) and 2 (15.4%) of the 13 MESTBs, respectively. No EWSR1, FUS and PLAG1 rearrangement were observed in the METLVRs. In conclusion, MESTBs with both severe nuclear atypia and venous invasion would be indicative of malignant potential. PLAG1 might be a useful IHC marker in MESTB diagnosis.
Orthostatic stress testing in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients with or without concomitant fibromyalgia: effects on pressure pain thresholds and temporal summation.

OBJECTIVES Muscle pain and fibromyalgia (FM) are common among individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). We recently demonstrated that during orthostatic stress testing, adults with ME/CFS reported increased pain. In the current study, we hypothesised that pain pressure thresholds (PPT) would decrease and temporal summation (windup) would increase after head-up tilt testing (HUT), and that the presence of co-morbid FM would be associated with greater change in both measures. METHODS We studied adult ME/CFS patients undergoing HUT. PPT and temporal summation (or windup) measurements were obtained pre- and post-HUT at the finger and shoulder. RESULTS 248 ME/CFS patients (164 with FM and 84 without FM), and 22 healthy controls (HC) were analysed. In HC there were no significant differences in PPT between pre- and post- HUT (finger: from 4.7(1.6) to 4.4(1.5); shoulder: from 2.8(1.0) to 2.9(1.0)). In ME/CFS patients with and without FM, a significant decrease in PPT post-HUT was found compared to HC (both p<0.0001). Patients with FM had a lower PPT pre- and post-HUT (finger: from 2.0(0.9) to 1.5(0.8); shoulder: from 1.2(0.5) to 1.0(0.5) compared to patients without FM (finger: from 5.0(1.6) to 3.3(1.5); shoulder: from 2.2(0.9) to1.9(1.0) (p ranging from 0.001 to <0.0001). Windup in HC did not significantly change from pre- to post-HUT. In ME/CFS patients with and without FM windup was increased compared to HC pre-HUT (both p<0.0001), but did not significantly change post-HUT. CONCLUSIONS Pressure pain threshold decreased in ME/CFS patients with or without fibromyalgia after head-up tilt test (HUT), but did not change post-HUT in healthy controls. Windup pre- and post-HUT was significantly higher compared to healthy controls, but did not change from pre- to post-HUT. These results demonstrate that, like exercise, orthostatic stress can negatively influence the physiology of pain perception in ME/CFS. Furthermore, the physiology of pain perception is even more negatively influenced by concomitant fibromyalgia.
Association of the polymorphism of the Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐3 and TLR‐9 genes with hepatitis C virus‐specific cell‐mediated immunity outcomes among Egyptian health‐care workers

Variations in the immune response could explain resistance to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Toll‐like receptor gene (TLR)‐3 is an innate detector of dsRNA viruses, and the TLR‐9 gene recognizes bacterial and viral unmethylated cytosine–phosphate–guanosine (CpG) motifs. We previously reported that the TLR‐3.rs3775290 CC genotype was associated with HCV chronicity and that the TLR‐9 gene played no major role in this infection. This study identified the role of TLR‐3.rs3775290 (c.1377C/T), TLR‐9.rs5743836 (−1237T→C) and TLR‐9.rs352140 (G2848A) gene polymorphisms in predicting the outcome of HCV‐specific cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) among Egyptian health‐care workers (HCWs). We enrolled 265 HCWs in this study and divided them into four groups. Group 1: 140 seronegative‐aviraemic HCWs; group 2: 20 seronegative‐viraemic HCWs; group 3: 35 subjects with spontaneously resolved HCV infection; and group 4: 70 chronic HCV HCWs (patients). All subjects were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis for the TLR‐3.rs3775290, TLR‐9.rs5743836 and TLR‐9.rs352140 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also quantified HCV‐specific CMI in the four groups using an interferon (IFN)‐γ enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay in response to nine HCV genotype 4a, overlapping 15mer peptide pools covering the whole viral genome. No statistically significant difference was found between CMI‐responding subjects with different HCV states and TLR‐3.rs3775290 or TLR‐9.rs352140 genotypes. However, there was a significant relationship between the outcome of the HCV‐specific CMI and the TLR‐9.rs5743836 genotype among the responding subjects (P = 0·005) and the chronic HCV patients (P = 0·044). In conclusion, TLR‐9.rs5743836 SNP, but not TLR‐3.rs3775290 or TLR‐9.rs352140 genotypes, could predict the outcome of HCV‐specific CMI responses among Egyptians infected with genotype‐4.
Induced desynapsis in Capsicum annuum L.

The seeds of Capsicum annuum L. were treated with 0.5% aqueous solution of MMS for 3, 5 and 6 h. During the cytological studies 2 desynaptic plant were isolated at 6 h treatment. In plant-1, average number of univalents and bivalents per cell were 13.00 and 6.50, at diakinesis and 15.80 and 4.52 at metaphase-I, while in plan-2 it was 6.12 and 9.20 at diakinesis and 10.80 and 7.80 at metaphase-I. At anaphase, equal distribution of chromosome was observed only in 7.89 and 11.42% pollen mother cells (PMCs) in plant-1 and plant-2 respectively. Rest of PMCs shows irregular distribution of chromosomes to the poles. Laggards at anaphase and micronuclei at telophase were also recorded. The desynaptic obtained during the present investigation, fit into the medium strong type with reduced pollen fertility.