Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Constraints on Fault-Zone Structure from Seismic Guided Waves

The structure of fault zones (FZs) plays an important role in understanding fault mechanics, earthquake rupture and seismic hazards. Fault zone seismic guided waves (GW) carry important information about internal structure of the low-velocity fault damage zone. Numerical modeling of observed FZGWs has been used to construct models of FZ structure. However, the depth extent of the waveguide and the uniqueness of deep structure in the models have been debated. Elastic finite-difference synthetic seismograms were generated for FZ models that include an increase in seismic velocity with depth both inside and outside the FZ. Strong GWs were created from sources both in and out of the waveguide, in contrast with previous homogenous-FZ studies that required an in-fault source to create GW. This is because the frequency-dependent trapping efficiency of the waveguide changes with depth. The near-surface fault structure efficiently guides waves at lower frequencies than the deeper fault. Fault structure at seismogenic depth requires the analysis of data at higher frequencies than the GWs that dominate at the surface. Adapting a two-station technique from surface wave studies, dispersive differential group arrival times between two earthquakes can be used to solve for FZ structures between the earthquakes. This method was tested with synthetic data and shallow events recorded in the SAFOD borehole in the San Andreas Fault. A pair of deep earthquakes recorded in the SAFOD borehole indicate a ~150 m wide San Andreas Fault waveguide with >20% velocity contrast at 10-12 km depth. With additional earthquakes, the full FZ structure at seismogenic depth could be imaged. Subsurface FZ structure can also be derived from a surface source and receiver array analogous to a body-wave refraction survey. Synthetic seismograms for such source-receiver geometry were generated and verified that FZGWs are refracted by the increase in velocity with depth. Synthetic data from a surface array were successfully inverted to derive FZ structure in the subsurface. The new methods presented in this dissertation extend the potential of FZGWs to image deeper FZ structure than has been uniquely constrained in the past.
Concentrate feeding and ruminai fermentation. 3. Influence of concentrate ingredients on pH, on DL-lactic acid concentration in rumen fluid of dairy cows and on dry matter intake

Several concentrate ingredients were administered daily at 09h00 into the rumen of 4 cows via a rumen cannula over 5 successive days. Between 09h00 and 13h00, sam­ ples of rumen fluid were taken frequently to measure pH and Dand L-lactate con­ centration. Good-quality hay was given ad libitum at 13h00 each day when a concentrate in­ gredient was administered. Between experimental periods, hay was given twice a day at 08h00 and 17h00. Length of these intervals was 17 days at least. Hay refusals were weighed every day at 07h30. From the same batches of concentrate ingre­ dients also 6-kg amounts of 1:1 mixtures of two ingredients were dosed. In concen­ trate ingredients content of glucose, fructose, sucrose, soluble a-glucose-linked carbohydrates, total starch and soluble protein was analysed. pH minima and Dand L-lactate concentration maxima in rumen fluid were reached between 2 and 3 hours after administering. Lowest pH and highest D+Llactate concentration in rumen fluid relative to the situation after administering of citrus pulp taken together as the potential risk of lactic acid acidosis (RLA) was best correlated with the content of glucose + fructose (GF) and soluble protein (SPROT); RLA = 1.47 GF + 0.49 SPROT + 22.50 (r = 0.89) Arrangement of the single feedstuffs according to their potential RLA (based on the results of the present experiments) agreed fairly well with the index based on experiments in vitro with feedstuffs of the same batches (Malestein et al., 1982). When combined feedstuffs were administered, pH and D+L-lactate concentra­ tions in rumen fluid differed from values calculated from results after giving the same feedstuffs separately.
Causes of the long-term variability of southwestern 1 South America precipitation in the IPSL-CM 6 ALR 2 model 3

Southwestern South America (SWSA) has undergone frequent and per7 sistent droughts in recent decades with severe impacts on water resources, and 8 consequently, on socio-economic activities at a sub-continental scale. The local 9 drying trend in this region has been associated with the expansion of the sub10 tropical drylands over the last decades. It has been shown that SWSA precipi11 tation is linked to large-scale dynamics modulated by internal climate variability 12 and external forcing. This work aims at unravelling the causes of this long-term 13 trend toward dryness in the context of the emerging climate change relying on a 14 large set simulations of the state-of-the-art IPSL-CM6A-LR climate model from 15 the 6 phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Our results iden16 tify the leading role of dynamical changes induced by external forcings, over the 17 local thermodynamical effects and teleconnections with internal global modes of 18 sea surface temperature. Our findings show that the simulated long-term changes 19 of SWSA precipitation are dominated by externally forced anomalous expansion 20 of the Southern Hemisphere Hadley Cell (HC) and a persistent positive Southern 21 Annular Mode (SAM) trend since the late 1970s. Long-term changes in the HC ex22 F. Author LOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Université/CNRS/IRD/MNHN 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris, France E-mail: julian.villamayor@locean.ipsl. fr 2 Julián Villamayor et al. tent and the SAM show strong co-linearity. They are attributable to stratospheric 23 ozone depletion in austral spring-summer and increased atmospheric greenhouse 24 gases all year round. Future ssp585 and ssp126 scenarios project a dominant role 25 of anthropogenic forcings on the HC expansion and the subsequent SWSA dry26 ing, exceeding the threshold of extreme drought due to internal variability as soon 27 as the 2040s, and suggest that these effects will persist until the end of the 21 28 century. 29
State‐of‐the‐art review of leak diagnostic experiments: Toward a smart water network

Effective water pipeline leak detection and localization can help water practitioners save water losses and reduce pipe rehabilitation budgets. Different sensing technologies can provide essential data aiding model development for predicting future leaks in the water distribution networks. Solutions for applying different sensing technologies to real water distribution networks are being developed for real‐time data collection, precise leak localization, reducing false alarms, and continuous pipeline monitoring. Experiments of different scales and specifications have been conducted to test the application and effectiveness of sensing technologies for leak diagnosis in water pipelines. Quality data collection is especially crucial for the successful implementation of these experiments. However, practitioners need help designing effective leak detection and localization experiments, wasting time, and resources. There needs to be a greater understanding of the design parameters for more accurate testing, such as sensor selection, sensor placement, ambient noise sources, and system operations. The current study, therefore, delineates design parameters for design leak diagnosis experiments for lab, testbed, and real networks. For application in real water networks, expert opinion is used to help identify the benefits and limitations and the implementation issues of available sensing technologies. An example experiment design using multi‐sensing technologies for smart leak diagnostics in Hong Kong is also presented. The study can guide water practitioners and researchers to design a multi‐sensing leak diagnostic experiments enabling a smart and sustainable utility management.
Central Lancashire Online Knowledge (CLoK)

AU2 Michaelides, MA, Parpa, KM, and Zacharia, AI. Effects of an 8-week pre-seasonal training on the aerobic fitness of professional soccer players. JStrengthCondRes XX(X):000–000,2019—Pre-seasoninsoccertrainingdevelopsthephysicalrequisitesforcompetitionand usually consists of a high volume of aerobic and anaerobic conditioning training including friendly games. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of pre-season training on the aerobic fitness of professional soccer players. Nineteen professional male soccer players (age 5 27.37 6 3.67 years, height 5 179.61 6 5.17 cm, and body fat percentage 5 11.3 6 3.19%) participated in this study performed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill before and after the 8 weeks of pre-season preparation. The results were analyzed using paired t tests, revealing significant differences on several indices. The subjects improved significantly on maximal aerobic capacity (V ̇ O 2 max) and lasted significantly longer on the treadmill ( p AU3 , 0.005). The V ̇ O 2 at ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) increased significantly ( p , 0.005). The running velocity at ventilatory thresholds (vVT and vRCP) and at V ̇ O 2 max (vV O 2 max) also increased significantly ( p , 0.005). In conclusion, the results of this study, as expected, demonstrated thatthe AU4 proposed8 weeksofpre-seasontrainingprogramwassufficient tocausesignificantimprovementsontheaerobicperformance indices of professional soccer players. The study confirms the beneficial changes in the process of adaptations that occur with this type of training and can assist coaches and trainers in planning a successful pre-season training program.
The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management

The role of strategy formulation in enhancing the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has attracted much attention amongst researchers worldwide (Majama & Magang 2017:75; Monday et al. 2016). The terms ‘strategy formulation’, ‘strategic planning’, ‘strategy making’ and ‘strategy development’ can be used interchangeably to mean the same thing (Musandiwa 2014:95). According to Sandada (2015:59), there is a ‘strong argument from the literature that SMEs need to engage in strategic planning if they are to maintain their position as key economic players’. Strategy formulation is important in strategically positioning firms in changing circumstances (Melo et al. 2018:45). Mattheeusen and Spontak (2018) have further argued that the dynamic nature of the African business environment forces businesses of all sizes to develop and adopt strategic responses to these changes. Strategic formulation is thus an indispensable management tool that cushions SMEs from the volatile operating environment (Ralph et al. 2020). Considering the growing importance of SMEs in Zimbabwe’s socio-economic structure, they need to understand the value of strategy formulation in the success of their business (Sandada & Chikwama 2016).
- Swansea University Open Access Repository

—Brain-machine interface (BMI) driven robot-assisted neurorehabilitation intervention has demonstrated improvement in upper-limb (UL) motor function, speciﬁcally, with post-stroke hemiparetic patients. However, neurophysiological patterns re-lated to such interventions are not well understood. This study examined the longitudinal changes in band-limited resting-state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) networks in association with post-stroke UL functional recovery achieved by a multimodal intervention involving motor attempt (MA) based BMI and robotic hand-exoskeleton. Four adults were rehabilitated with the intervention for a period lasting upto 6 weeks. RS magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals, Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and grip strength (GS) measures were recorded at ﬁve equispaced sessions over the intervention period. An average post-interventional increase of 100.0% ( p = 0 . 00028 ) and 88.0% were attained for ARAT and GS, respectively. A cluster-based statistical test involving correlation estimates between beta-band (15 − 26 Hz) RS-MEG FCs and UL functional recovery provided positively correlated sub-networks in both contralesional and ipsilesional motor cortices. The fronto-parietal FC exhibited hemispheric lateralisation wherein majority of the positively and negatively correlated connections were found in contralesional and ipsilesional hemispheres, respectively. Our ﬁndings are consistent with the theory of bilateral motor cortical association with UL recovery and predict novel FC patterns that can be important for higher level cognitive functions.
Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement using Slot Jet Impingement on a Detached Rib Surface

This paper presents results of a computational study to investigate the suitability of various RANS based turbulence models for slot jet impingement over flat and detached ribbed surfaces. The computed results are compared with the reported experimental data. It is observed that some turbulence models predict the experimental data with good trends, e.g., secondary peak in Nusselt number and distribution of normalized streamwise velocity. The standard k-ω and SST k-ω models predict heat transfer more accurately compared to that by other models with prediction of a secondary peak in Nusselt number. Distributions of turbulent kinetic energy, streamwise velocity and normal velocity are also analyzed to understand heat transfer behavior with flat and detached rib surfaces. Various parameters are considered to obtain a good understanding of heat transfer enhancement with jet impingement on a surface fitted with detached ribs. Further the effects of rib to plate clearance, position of first rib and Reynolds number on heat transfer characteristics are also investigated. It was observed that flow and heat transfer features are significantly affected by the placement of ribs on the impingement surface. Increasing the rib clearance, position of first rib in the streamwise direction and Reynolds number have favorable effects on heat transfer. The detached rib configuration offered augmentation in Nusselt number compared to the attached rib arrangement (i.e., with no clearance between the rib and impingement surface). Comparisons of stagnation point and average Nusselt numbers are also presented to understand heat transfer enhancement for flat and ribbed surfaces.
Joint Distribution Adaptation via Feature and Model Matching

It is usually supposed that the training (source domain) and test (target domain) data follow a similar distribution and feature space in most pattern recognition tasks. However, in many real-world applications, particularly in visual recognition, this hypothesis has been frequently violated. This problem is known as domain shift problem. Domain adaptation and transfer learning are promising techniques to learn an effective and robust classifier to tackle shift problem. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for domain adaptation, entitled as Joint Distribution Adaptation via Feature and Model Matching (JDAFMM), in which feature transform and model matching are jointly optimized. Due to joint optimization, we can have a robust model with feasible feature transformation and model parameter adaptation. By introducing regularization operated between the marginal and conditional distributions’ shifts across domains, we can successfully adapt data drift as much as possible along with empirical risk minimization and rate of consistency maximization between manifold and prediction function. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed model against those of other machine learning and domain adaptation methods in three types of visual benchmark datasets. Our experiments illustrate that our JDAFMM significantly outperforms other baseline and state-of-the-art methods.
Maximizing Simulated Tropical Cyclone Intensity With Action Minimization

Direct computer simulation of intense tropical cyclones (TCs) in weather models is limited by computational expense. Intense TCs are rare and have small‐scale structures, making it difficult to produce large ensembles of storms at high resolution. Further, models often fail to capture the process of rapid intensification, which is a distinguishing feature of many intense TCs. Understanding rapid intensification is especially important in the context of global warming, which may increase the frequency of intense TCs. To better leverage computational resources for the study of rapid intensification, we introduce an action minimization algorithm applied to the Weather Research and Forecasting and WRFPLUS models. Action minimization nudges the model into forming more intense TCs than it otherwise would; it does so via the maximum likelihood path in a stochastic formulation of the model, thereby allowing targeted study of intensification mechanisms. We apply action minimization to simulations of Hurricanes Danny (2015) and Fred (2009) at 6‐km resolution to demonstrate that the algorithm consistently intensifies TCs via physically plausible pathways. We show an approximately tenfold computational savings using action minimization to study the tail of the TC intensification distribution. Further, for Hurricanes Danny and Fred, action minimization produces perturbations that preferentially reduce low‐level shear as compared to upper‐level shear, at least above a threshold of approximately 4 m/s. We also demonstrate that asymmetric, time‐dependent patterns of heating can cause significant TC intensification beyond symmetric, azimuthally averaged heating and find a regime of nonlinear response to asymmetric heating that has not been extensively studied in previous work.
The 'Hood Comes First: Race, Space, and Place in Rap and Hip-Hop

The 'Hood Comes First looks at the increasingly specific emphasis on real neighborhoods and streets in rap music and hip hop culture as an urgent response to the cultural and geographical ghettoization of black urban communities. Examining rap music, along with ancillary hip hop media including radio, music videos, rap press and the cinematic hood genre, Murray Forman analyzes hip hop culture's varying articulations of the terms "ghetto," "inner-city," and "the 'hood," and how these spaces, both real and imaginary, are used to define individual and collective identity. Negotiating academic, corporate, and "street" discourses, Forman assesses the dynamics between race, social space and youth. Race, class and national identification are recast and revised within rap's spatial discourse, concluding with the construction of the hood, a social and geographic symbol that has become central to concepts of hip hop authenticity. Additionally, the book analyzes the processes within the music and culture industries through which hip hop has been amplified and disseminated from the hood to international audiences. "
Body Image and Beliefs About Appearance: Maternal Influences and Resulting Constraints on Leisure of College-Age Women

BODY IMAGE AND BELIEFS ABOUT APPEARANCE: MATERNAL INFLUENCES AND RESULTING CONSTRAINTS ON LEISURE OF COLLEGE-AGE WOMEN Toni Liechty Department of Recreation Management and Youth Leadership Master of Science The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body image, attitudes about appearance, and levels of constrained leisure for college-age women and their mothers. It also examined how the body image concerns of young women are influenced by their mothers’. Thompson and Gray’s Body-Image Assessment Scale (BIAS) was used to assess body image while Spangler’s Beliefs About Appearance Scale (BAAS) was used to assess the participants’ beliefs about appearance. Raymore’s hierarchical leisure constraints scale was used to measure levels of leisure constraints. The sample was taken from female students at a private western American university and consisted of 116 daughters and 76 mothers. The data supported the hypotheses that body image and beliefs about appearance pose significant leisure constraints for college-age as well as middle-aged women. The data also indicated some maternal influence on appearance-related concerns of daughters.
Chocolate ingestion in dogs: 156 events (2015-2019

O bjectives : To describe the clinical features and outcome of dogs after chocolate ingestion. M aterial and M ethOds : Retrospective evaluation of clinical signs, clinical pathological findings, therapy and outcome of 156 dogs after chocolate ingestion. The concentration of methylxanthines (theobromine, caffeine) was calculated based on the type of chocolate and the amount ingested. r esults : One hundred and twelve dogs had no clinical signs. Forty-four dogs had clinical signs of chocolate intoxication. Twenty-eight of these 44 dogs ingested dark and bitter chocolate. Reasons for presentation were agitation (33), tremor (22), vomiting (21), panting (11), polyuria/polydipsia (seven) and diarrhea (two). Common clinical findings were sinus tachycardia (28), tachypnea/panting (14), hyperthermia (10) and dehydration (seven). Clinical pathological findings in 34 of 44 dogs consisted of hyperlactataemia (23), hypokalaemia (16), mild hyperglycaemia (16) and mild alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation (14). After decontamination (apomorphine, activated carbon) and symptomatic treatment (fluid therapy, esmolol, forced diuresis, sedatives), 43 of the 44 dogs survived. c linical s ignificance : In dogs with potential chocolate intoxication, the type and amount of chocolate and the time of ingestion are important factors. Cardiovascular, neurological and gastrointestinal signs are the most common clinical signs. In this case series, the prognosis after decontamination and symptomatic therapy was good, with a mortality rate of less than 3%.
Enhancing Nursing Students’ Understanding of Oral Enhancing Nursing Students’ Understanding of Oral Health: An Educational Intervention with an Health: An Educational Intervention with an Interprofessional Component Interprofessional Component

Recommended Citation Spurr, Shelley Dr.; Bally, Jill Dr.; Hayes, Alyssa Dr.; Ogenchuk, Marcella Dr.; and Trinder, Krista (2017) "Enhancing Nursing Students’ Understanding of Oral Health: An Educational Intervention with an Interprofessional Component," Quality Advancement in Nursing Education Avancées en formation infirmière: Vol. 3: Iss. 1, Article 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17483/2368-6669.1091