Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Therapeutic Effects of Zataria Multiflora Vaginal Cream and Metronidazole Vaginal Gel on Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of most prevalent complications among reproductive-aged women. Metromidazole prescription, which is considered as the first-line treatment of BV, is usually followed by a few side effects. Besides, there is a growing tendency toward herbal medicines for the treatment of vaginitis. Antibacterial and antifungal effects of Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of the Z. multiflora vaginal cream and metronidazole vaginal gel on bacterial vaginosis. This was a randomized clinical trial on 90 married women aged 18–40 affected by BV who attended for treatment to the gynecology clinic of Shabih-Khani Hospital. They randomly divided to two groups of 45 participants. Diagnostic criteria were Amsel’s criteria and Gram stain. Z. multiflora vaginal cream or metronidazole vaginal gel for five-night usage were prescribed to each group, and after 2–7 days therapeutic effects on participants’ complications and their Amsel criteria were assessed. Data analysis was performed by McNemar and Fisher exact tests. Patients’ complication and their Amsel’s criteria were significantly decreased after treatment with Z. multiflora or metronidazole (po0.05). Relative risk for unresponsiveness to treatment with Z. multiflora, to unresponsiveness to metronidazole was 1.5, which was not significant. Therapeutic effects of Z. multiflora vaginal cream are similar to metronidazole vaginal gel on BV. Therefore it could be an appropriate choice to BV treatment for those interested in herbal medicines or those affected by side effects of metronidazole. r 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Decadal‐scale variability of upper ocean heat content in the tropical Pacific

Decadal‐scale variability of upper ocean heat content (OHC) in the tropical Pacific is investigated and is compared with that of ENSO scale. The decadal‐scale OHC anomaly with a period of about 13 years shows anticlockwise propagations in the tropical North Pacific like as that of ENSO scale. It is also shown that the entire equatorial OHC anomaly leads Niño‐3 index anomaly by about a quarter (about 3 years) of the period of the decadal variability in the tropical Pacific. This time lag of a quarter of the period is consistent with the idea of the “recharge oscillator” model for ENSO dynamics. Further it is shown that the magnitude of leading OHC anomalies in the entire equatorial Pacific is linearly related to the subsequent magnitudes of Niño‐3 and Niño‐3.4 indices. This relationship is also similar with that of ENSO scale, but there are several different points between them. Particularly, in contrast with the ENSO scale, the amplitude is larger in central equatorial Pacific (Niño‐3.4 region) than in the eastern region (Niño‐3 region).
Effects on population persistence: the interaction between environmental noise colour, intraspecific competition and space

It is accepted that accurate estimation of risk of population extinction, or persistence time, requires prediction of the effect of fluctuations in the environment on population dynamics. Generally, the greater the magnitude, or variance, of environmental stochasticity, the greater the risk of population extinction. Another characteristic of environmental stochasticity, its colour, has been found to affect population persistence. This is important because real environmental variables, such as temperature, are reddened or positively temporally autocorrelated. However, recent work has disagreed about the effect of reddening environmental stochasticity. Ripa and Lundberg (1996) found increasing temporal autocorrelation (reddening) decreased the risk of extinction, whereas a simple and powerful intuitive argument (Lawton 1988) predicts increased risk of extinction with reddening. This study resolves the apparent contradiction, in two ways, first, by altering the dynamic behaviour of the population models. Overcompensatory dynamics result in persistence times increasing with increased temporal autocorrelation; undercompensatory dynamics result in persistence times decreasing with increased temporal autocorrelation. Secondly, in a spatially subdivided population, with a reasonable degree of spatial heterogeneity in patch quality, increasing temporal autocorrelation in the environment results in decreasing persistence time for both types of competition. Thus, the inclusion of coloured noise into ecological models can have subtle interactions with population dynamics.
A study of the physics of telluric current flow at very low frequencies in the Earth's crust

Summary. Interpretation of the effects of natural electromagnetic induction is often in terms of models in which changes in resistivity at great distances from the point of measurement are not taken into account. In this paper we will try to show that this is not a valid approximation for very low-frequency telluric currents, flowing near the surface in the Earth's crust, when the material separating the crust from the mantle has a sufficiently high electrical resistance. In this case the shape and dimensions of the circuit, as well as the resistivity distribution along the whole length of the path followed by the currents, play a part in determining the induced electromagnetic field. A number of experimentally verifiable consequences follow from this.
Fire In The Management Of Vegetation

Abstract Fire, either natural or man-caused, has influenced the pattern of vegetation in numerous areas over the earth. Factors that contribute to potential damage to either the vegetation and/or environment are examined. Since the extent of damage varies, a fire can be destructive or useful. The use of “prescribed” fire in land management accomplishes several desired objectives, one of which is the perpetuation of certain fire-climax vegetation types, such as pines and some grasses. In those pine-forested areas where fire is regularly used in management, a related benefit is the reduction of hazardous natural fuels, which results in fewer catastrophic wildfires. Air pollution due to forest burning is also considered.
Effects of initial soil water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity variability on small watershed runoff simulation using LISEM

Abstract Soil water content (θ) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) vary in space. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of initial soil water content (θi) and Ks variability on runoff simulations using the LImburg Soil Erosion Model (LISEM) in a small watershed in the Chinese Loess Plateau, based on model parameters derived from intensive measurements. The results showed that the total discharge (TD) and peak discharge (PD) were underestimated when the variability of θi and Ks was partially considered or completely ignored compared with those when the variability was fully considered. Time to peak (TP) was less affected by the spatial variability compared to TD and PD. Except for TP in some cases, significant differences were found in all hydrological variables (TD, PD and TP) between the cases in which spatial variability of θi or Ks was fully considered and those in which spatial variability was partially considered or completely ignored. Furthermore, runoff simulations were affected more strongly by Ks variability than by θi variability. The degree of spatial variability influences on runoff simulations was related to the rainfall pattern and θi. Greater rainfall depth and instantaneous rainfall intensity corresponded to a smaller influence of the spatial variability. Stronger effects of the θi variability on runoff simulation were found in wetter soils, while stronger effects of the Ks variability were found in drier soils. For accurate runoff simulation, the θi variability can be completely ignored in cases of a 1-h duration storm with a return period greater than 10 years, while Ks variability should be fully considered even in the case of a 1-h duration storm with a return period of 20 years. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor A. Fiori
Installation of Impact Plates to Continuously Measure Bed Load: Elwha River, Washington, USA

AbstractIn 2008 and 2009, a series of bed load impact plates was installed across a channel spanning weir on the Elwha River, Washington. This is the first permanent installation of its kind in North America and one of the largest anywhere. The purpose of this system is to measure coarse bed load during and after the removal of Elwha and Glines Canyon Dams. It is estimated that 21 million m3 of sediment have accumulated behind both dams, with 45–50% of the total accumulated volume expected to be eroded through natural processes. The impact plate system consists of 72 plates installed at a diversion weir downstream from both dams and 5 km upstream from the river mouth. Of the 72 plates, 46 are instrumented with a geophone and 26 with an accelerometer. Collection of physical bed-load data for calibration of the geophone plates has begun, with additional measurements to be collected in the future. This paper describes the specifics of the Elwha impact plate system and the ongoing process to collect bed-load.
Towards an operational system for regional-scale rice yield estimation using a time-series of Radarsat ScanSAR images

This paper demonstrates that Radarsat ScanSAR data can be an important data source of radar remote sensing for monitoring crop systems and estimation of rice yield in large areas in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Experiments were carried out to show the effectiveness of Radarsat ScanSAR data for rice yield estimation in the whole province of Guangdong, South China. A methodology was developed to deal with a series of issues in extracting rice information from the ScanSAR data, such as topographic influences, levels of agro-management, irregular distribution of paddy fields and different rice cropping systems. A model was provided for rice yield estimation based on the relationship between the backscatter coefficient of multi-temporal SAR data and the biomass of rice. The study indicates that the whole procedure can become a low-cost and convenient operational system for large-scale rice yield estimation which is difficult for conventional methods.
Currents off south-eastern Australia: results from the Australian coastal experiment

The Australian Coastal Experiment was conducted off the east coast of New South Wales between September 1983 and March 1984. The experiment was conducted with arrays of current meters spanning the continental margin at three latitudes (37.5o, 34.5o, and 33.0oS.), additional shelf moorings at 29o and 42oS. coastal wind and sea-level measurements, monthly conductivity-temperature-depth probe/expendable bathythermograph (CTD/XBT) surveys, and two satellite-tracked buoys. Over the continental shelf and slope, the alongshore component of the current generally exceeded the onshore component, and the subtidal ( 50 cm sec-1), persistent (>8 days), southward currents over the continental slope and outer shelf. Temperature and geostrophic velocity sections through the eddies, maps of ship's drift vectors and temperature contours at 250 m, and the satellite-tracked drifter trajectories showed that these eddies were similar in structure to those observed previously in the East Australian Current region. Both eddies migrated generally southward. Eddy currents over the shelf and slope were rare at Cape Howe (37.5oS.), more common near Sydney (34.5oS.), and frequent at Newcastle (33.0oS.), where strong northward currents were also observed. Near Sydney, the eddy currents over the slope turned clockwise with depth between 280 and 740 m, suggesting net downwelling there. Repeated CTD sections also indicated onshore transport and downwelling at shallower levels; presumably, upwelling occurred farther south where the eddy currents turned offshore. Periodic rotary currents over the continental slope near Sydney and Newcastle indicated the presence of small cyclonic eddies on the flank of a much larger anticyclonic eddy. Between early October and late January, no strong southward currents were observed over the continental margin near Sydney. Data from this 'eddy-free' period were analysed further to examine the structure and variability of the coastal currents. Much of this variability was correlated with fluctuations in coastal sea-level (at zero lag) and with the wind stress (at various lags). The coherence and phase relationships among current, wind-stress, and sea-level records at different latitudes (determined from spectral analysis and frequency-domain empirical orthogonal functions) were consistent with the equatorward propagation of coastal-trapped waves generated by winds in phase with those near Cape Howe. Time-domain empirical orthogonal functions show that the current fluctuations decayed with distance from shore and with depth, as expected of coastal-trapped waves.
Trojan Horse monocyte-mediated delivery of conjugated polymer nanoparticles for improved 1 Photodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma 2

Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Dto. 6 Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, 7 Argentina. 8 . Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC/UAM, Madrid (28029), España. 9 . Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y 10 Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Dto. Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río 11 Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina. 12 13
On the inference of spatial structure from population genetics data

MOTIVATION In a series of recent papers, Tess, a computer program based on the concept of hidden Markov random field, has been proposed to infer the number and locations of panmictic population units from the genotypes and spatial locations of these individuals. The method seems to be of broad appeal as it is conceptually much simpler than other competing methods and it has been reported by its authors to be fast and accurate. However, this methodology is not grounded in a formal statistical inference method and seems to rely to a large extent on arbitrary choices regarding the parameters used. The present article is an investigation of the accuracy of this method and an attempt to assess whether recent results reported on the basis of this method are genuine features of the genetic process or artefacts of the method. METHOD I analyse simulated data consisting of populations at Hardy-Weinberg and linkage equilibrium and also data simulated under a scenario of isolation-by-distance at mutation-migration-drift equilibrium. Arabidopsis thaliana data previously analysed with this method are also reconsidered. RESULTS Using the Tess program under the no-admixture model to analyse data consisting of several genuine HWLE populations with individuals of pure ancestries leads to highly inaccurate results; Using the Tess program under the admixture model to analyse data consisting of a continuous isolation-by-distance population leads to the inference of spurious HWLE populations whose number and features depend on the parameters used. Results previously reported about the A.thaliana using Tess seem to a large extent to be artefacts of the statistical methodology used. The findings go beyond population clustering models and can be an help to design more efficient algorithms based on graphs. AVAILABILITY The data analysed in the present article are available from http://folk.uio. no/gillesg/Bioinformatics-HMRF.
Nearshore Currents along the Karnataka Coast, West Coast of India

Measured current data at 7 locations and tide data at 3 locations during the pre-summer monsoon period along the west coast of India is used in the study. The surface currents during March showed a predominant northward trend and during April it was towards south. Estimated tidal currents were upto 25 cm s−1 with an average value of 8 cm s−1. Current tidal form number varied from 0.56 to 1 at different locations indicating currents are mixed. M2 and S2 tidal current constituents rotated clock wise at all location. Near surface, the alongshore current was 2.6 to 5.9% of the alongshore wind and near bottom it was 1.9 to 3.6% of the alongshore wind.
Mass spectrometric quantification of Candida albicans surface proteins to identify new diagnostic markers and targets for vaccine development

In his research Heilmann sought to understand how the proteins on the cell surface of the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans change in response to their environment, especially with regard to infections. This knowledge will help to identify new targets for the development of new antifungal agents and be useful for the development of a vaccine. The most important conclusion of his research is that although the cell wall and secreted proteome is highly dynamic, a core set of proteins are essential at all times.
Atmospheric ammonia from undisturbed land

Emissions of ammonia from the land areas of the world are calculated by using a simplified model. Soil ammonium concentrations are obtained from relative decomposition and nitrification rates; Henry's law gives the equilibrium concentration of ammonia gas in the soil, and a simplified diffusion equation yields the flux to the atmosphere. The model predicts negligible ammonia production in the polar regions, a maximum in mid-latitudes, and relatively low emissions in the tropics. Northern hemisphere production is calculated to be about 32.5×106 tons yr−1, and that from the southern hemisphere 14×106 tons yr−1, giving a global total of about 47×106 tons yr−1. Comparison with the limited rain data is fairly good.
Paleoenvironmental evaluation of the Tata Travertine Complex (Hungary), based on stable isotopic and petrographic studies

In the area of the town of Tata (Hungary) there are several Quaternary travertine outcrops, of which the Porhanyo Quarry is the best-exposed one. The travertine of the Porhanyo Quarry can be vertically divided into six units. Algal and other phytoclastic and phytohermal grainstone, boundstone and floatstone are the dominant microfacies. On the walls of the quarry carbonate vents and cones were detected; these forms are indicators of former spring activity at the bottom of a shallow lake. The lake, fed by thermal springs, was formed in a siliciclastic floodplain. The upwelling thermal water brought quartz and other detrital grains from the underlying Pannonian siliciclastic sediments to the surface, concentrating them in the vents. The three main phases of lacustrine evolution were interrupted first by a drying and flooding event, followed by a fluvial-eolian event and finally by eolian sedimentation. The oxygen isotope compositions of the vents differ from the values of vertical sections and slope samples.
Cumulate and Cumulative Granites and Associated Rocks

Abstract. Processes that move crystals relative to melt, that is crystal fractionation, are of major importance in producing variations that are observed within cogenetic suites of granites. In low‐temperature granite suites, crystal fractionation initially involves the progressive separation of crystals residual from partial melting from that partial melt. Once separation of those crystals, or restite, has been completed, further fractionation may occur through the separation of crystals that had precipitated from the melt, the process known as fractional crystallization. High‐temperature granite magmas are largely or completely molten and elements such as Ca, Mg and Fe, and their associated minor elements, are in that case dissolved in the melt. Such magmas, particularly those that are more potassic and hence contain a higher fraction of low temperature melt, may evolve compositionally through fractional crystallization. Cumulate rocks result, comprising a framework of cumulus minerals with interstitial melt. In this process some of the melt is also displaced to form more felsic rocks. Such cumulate rocks may have distinctive chemical compositions, but that is often not the case. Distinctive features include SiC>2 contents near or below 50 % in rocks that are transitional in the field to more felsic granites, very high Cr and Ni, very low K, P, Ba, Rb and Zr, and anomalous abundances of the anorthite components Ca and Al. These rocks may also have positive Eu anomalies. Cumulate rocks do not necessarily have distinctive textures, at least as such features are understood at this time.
Self-Management Training in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Improves the Quality of Life.

OBJECTIVES Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes interventions such as improving skills in coping with the disease. We aimed to examine the effect of self-management training on the quality of life and functional parameters in patients with moderate to severe COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-one consecutive patients with COPD were recruited in the study prospectively. The patients were randomized into two groups: self-management training (n=31) and standard care (n=30). Each patient was evaluated by spirometry, COPD assessment test (CAT), St George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, and short form-36 (SF-36). A team of physiotherapists, psychologists, pulmonary disease specialists, and dietitians provided self-management training and biweekly counseling via phone. At the end of three months, both the groups were re-evaluated using the same assessment parameters. RESULTS We found no significant difference between the baseline demographic characteristics of the self-management training and standard care groups. We observed a reduction in CAT (p<0.001), SGRQ impact (p=0.013), activity subscales (p<0.001) and the total scores (p=0.020), and HADS anxiety (p=0.012) and depression (p=0.014) scores in the self-management training group after the education session. A significant increase in SF-36 physical function score was also observed (p=0.008). No significant improvement in the functional parameters was observed in either group; however, the change in FEV1 was more pronounced in the self-management training group than in the control group (p=0.017). The hospital readmissions and 1-year survival rates were similar for both the groups after receiving education (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the self-management training of the patients with COPD improves the quality of life and reduces the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Therefore, at the least, self-management training should be done as the first step of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD who cannot access pulmonary rehabilitation facilities.