Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal profile evolution of the Rhine–Meuse system during the last deglaciation: interplay of climate change and glacio‐eustasy?

Fluvial longitudinal profiles reconstructed from abandoned floodplains contain significant evidence about the role of relative sea level vs. climatic and tectonic controls on depositional systems. Two Weichselian floodplain surfaces that occur as terraces updip of the hinge zone of the Rhine–Meuse system have recently been mapped beneath the Holocene Rhine–Meuse Delta (The Netherlands). Their vertical offset is several metres in the upstream area and decreases to only 0.4 m in the central part of the delta. The older and higher of the two floodplain surfaces is generally assumed to have been formed around the Last Glacial Maximum, whereas the younger dates to the Younger Dryas, following a phase of climatically induced fluvial incision during the Bølling‐Allerød. The downstream convergence of these two floodplain surfaces may be related to the relative rise of sea level, forcing the Rhine–Meuse system to become graded to a higher base level during the Younger Dryas. The upper Weichselian Rhine–Meuse system then provides an example of a basin‐marginal fluvial system that responds, in terms of its longitudinal profile, to the combined effects of upstream control (primarily climate change affecting water and sediment flux from the hinterland) and downstream control (glacio‐eustatically driven relative sea‐level change). This new evidence may therefore revitalize the presently unfashionable concept of relative sea‐level control penetrating many hundreds of kilometres inland.
Trends in surface air temperature data over Turkey

Eighteen stations are considered for the study of climatic records over Turkey in search for possible trends. Mean, unfiltered, seasonal and annual maximum and minimum temperatures are analysed using the Mann–Kendall rank statistic to demonstrate any existence of possible trends. The analyses indicate that the mean annual temperature records in Turkey have a warming trend over the 1939 to 1989 period, but a cooling trend from 1955 to 1989. These trends in mean annual temperatures, however, are not statistically significant. Comparatively greater warming effects have occurred in spring and winter minimum rather than the maximum temperature records. A regional increase in the mean minimum temperature around 1955 is attributed to the urban heat island effect. In general, general circulation models (GCM) predictions are consistent with the sign of the trends only in Turkish climate records during the entire 1939 to 1989 period © 1977 by the Royal Meteorological Society. Int. J. Climatol. 17: 511–520 (1997).
Generalised Fishery Development Model (GFDM) approach for analysis of marine fish landings in India

The time series of estimated landings of major exploited coastal marine fish resources in different areas of exploitation along the Indian coast from 1961-2004 were subjected to trend analysis and segments of the time series were matched to a Generalised Fishery Development Model (GFDM) to indicate the historical and present status of fishery progress. Fifty-one resource-region combinations, termed as 'resources', were used for analysis. These 'resources' were grouped according to the shapes of their landings trends that conform to the different phases of the GFDM. Nearly 90% of the 'resources' were either in mature or senescent stage of development and their landings were found to have reached asymptotic level or have declined.
Factors and strategies affecting indoor air quality in educational buildings

The last pandemic that hit all the countries in 2020 has inevitably led scientists and researchers to investigate and examine the indoor air quality in all types of enclosed spaces as people tend to spend most of their time inside the buildings. The students' group is one of the largest groups of people who spend most of their time in classrooms, characterized by a high occupant intensity and often by insufficient air quality. Therefore, the educational building is an important indoor environment for measuring air quality. This paper aims to investigate the factors that affect infection risk transmission and the strategies that can mitigate the transmissibility of the infection. The methodology involves two distinct elements: indoor environment quality factors and engineering control strategies. The results show that the factorsaffecting indoor air quality are relative humidity, temperature,CO2 and ventilation. Also, the control strategies that can mitigate the infectious risk and improve indoor air quality are ventilation, air filters and ultraviolet radiation.
Comparing the mathematical models for GPS&GLONASS integration

GPS has been successfully used in surveying and navigation applications for many years, but there are still some scenarios with few satellites available, and such a poor condition cannot guarantee the positioning accuracy. However, with the increasing number of available GLONASS satellites, an integration of GPS&GLONASS will be of great interest for the successful integer ambiguity resolution, since the satellite geometry and the reliability will be greatly improved. The problem with GLONASS satellites is that the frequencies vary with different satellite PRN, which then results in a complexity in the mathematical models when handling the integer ambiguity issues. For the past several decades, many literatures have discussed the mathematical models for GPS&GLONASS integration, and several models have been proposed. In this contribution, a comprehensive study of mathematical models for GPS&GLONASS integration is given. Firstly, the current mathematical models for integration are studied, with some discussions on their advantages and disadvantages in data processing. Then, real GPS&GLONASS data sets are processed with different mathematical models, and in order to evaluate their performances according to ambiguity resolution, several model quality measures such as the success-rate, ADOP, ratio-test values are presented and analysed. In the end, conclusions are given on which mathematical model is the most suitable one to use.
Seasonal Comparison of Microbial Hygiene Indicators in Raw and Pasteurized Milk and Cottage Cheese Collected across Dairy Value Chain in Three Regions of Ethiopia

A longitudinal design with a simple random sampling method was used to collect and compare microbial hygiene levels between the dry season (January to April) and wet season (June to August). A total of 456 milk and cottage cheese samples were collected from each site along the dairy value chain from three regions. Enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (APC), total coliforms (TCC), and Escherichia coli (EC) was performed according to standard methods. Independent t-tests were employed to assess the significant variation at (p < 0.05) between the two seasons. The cumulative result of APC of 7.61 log cfu/mL and g and TCC of 3.50 log cfu/mL in the dry season were significantly higher than the wet season of 7.15 log cfu/mL and 2.49 log cfu/mL, respectively, whereas generic E. coli count (EC) was significantly higher in the wet season (0.70 log cfu/mL and g) than that in the dry season (0.40 log cfu/mL and g). The results of hygienic indicator microbial load significantly varied with season. Hence, hygienic milk production and handling practices that comprehend seasonal influence should be implemented to improve the safety of milk.
The Experiences of SCHIP Enrollees and Disenrollees in 10 States: Findings from the Congressionally Mandated SCHIP Evaluation

This report draws on surveys of enrollees and disenrollees in 10 states. The 10 states were selected in accordance with the legislative requirements to include (1) a high proportion of low-income uninsured children in the United States, (2) wide geographic representation (including rural and urban), and (3) diverse approaches to program design.
Food safety : a matter of taste? Food safety policy in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and at the level of the European Union

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Between sustainability commitments and anticipated market requirements: Exploring the resilience of the techno-economic innovation paradigm in the midstream of construction research

This article studies ways of dealing with the tension between a commitment to sustainable and responsible research and anticipated market requirements in the midstream of a research process in architecture and construction. Using a slightly modified version of Socio-Technical Integration Research (STIR), we explored the chances of questioning the primacy of the techno-economic innovation paradigm by deliberately provoking reflections through STIR interactions. Our research underlines the difficulties and limitations of challenging an orientation towards values of efficiency and productivity in favour of social and environmental values in the midstream of the research process and examines how the techno-economic innovation paradigm is able to insulate itself against critical questioning. It sheds light at the critical role of the underlying assumption that marketability of prospective outcomes is not one objective amongst others but the precondition for all others and at two argumentative patterns we termed the "lack-of-agency" and the "reconciliation-after-all" pattern.
Long-term management and treatment of acute intermittent porphyria with recurring attacks using pharmacological prophylaxis

Background: There is no definitive guidance on whether patients with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) with recurrent attacks need pharmacological prophylactic treatment. Methods: The management strategies for patients with frequent (defined as ≥4 annualized attack rate (AAR) and less frequent attacks (<4 AAR), including treatment for acute attacks and duration of prophylaxis (weekly heme arginate 3 mg/kg body weight and/or investigational drug, givosiran), were summarized. The AAR for the following periods were presented: the first 2 years after diagnosis, before/after prophylaxis, and the most recent 2 years. Results: A total of 29 patients with AIP were included, 19 (34.5%) had <4 AAR and 10 (65.6%) had ≥4 AAR in the first 2 years after diagnosis. All patients experienced reduced attacks during the treatment course, 23 (79.3%) were attack-free during the most recent 2 years. Among the 9 patients who received prophylaxis (7 heme arginate; 1 givosiran, 1 heme arginate followed by givosiran), 5 (55.6%) were attack-free in the most recent 2-year period and prophylaxis was discontinued because there had been no attacks for >1 year. For patients without prophylaxis (n = 20), 18 (90.0%) were attack-free in the most recent 2-year period and 15 (75.0%) experienced attacks only in the first 2 years after diagnosis. Conclusions: Prophylaxis could be considered for patients with AIP with ≥4 biochemically confirmed attacks/year after routine treatment of 1–2 years, during which the severity and frequency of attacks should be closely monitored to determine the necessity of pharmacologic prophylaxis. More studies are needed to reach a consensus on the use of pharmacological prophylaxis and treatment of AIP.
KEY ISSUES IN LIVELIHOODS SECURITY OF MIGRANT FULANI PASTORALISTS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM SOUTHWEST NIGERIA

The study presents empirical evidence on issues related to the security of pastoralists’ livelihoods in southwest Nigeria, with an understanding that their migrant status will affect secured access to basic natural resources required for survival of their herds and as well livelihoods sustenance. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 120 Fulani pastoralists from three States (Ogun, Oyo and Ekiti) on livelihoods, perceived sources of vulnerability and indicators of livelihood security. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in the Fulanis settlements using a semi-structured checklist while quantitative data were collected using interview guide. The assessment of livelihoods assets’ security was based on Macqueen’s asset enumeration method. The asset assessment shows that Fulanis have unsecured livelihoods due to unsecured access to grazing resources. A scoring of identified indicators shows that peaceful coexistence with Yoruba host communities (z = 1.7) and collective action (z = 0.6) have higher probability of being selected as livelihood security indicators. Poor access to land for grazing and water inadequacy were perceived as major sources of livelihood vulnerability. Reduction of Fulanis’ vulnerability through secured rights on land, enhancement in the efficiency of existing livelihoods, improvement in livelihoods asset are imperative for livelihoods security.
Pilot study of Tupaia belangeri from Yunnan Province based on morphometrics of the skulls and mandibles

The tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri) are an endemic group in the Indomalayan Region(Torrid Zone or subtropical zone). The morphological characteristics of the skulls and mandibles of T.belangeri in four local ranges(Luquan,Jianchuan,Lijiang and Yunlong) in Yunnan Province were compared using geometric morphometric techniques,principal components analysis,discriminant analysis,thin plate spline and multidimensional scaling analysis.Using principal components analysis and discriminant analysis,it was shown that the morphological characteristics of the lateral cranium and the lateral mandible were more efficient for differentiating animals from Dianzhong Altiplano and Hengduan Mountains region.Using thin plate spline analysis,significant morphological differentiations were shown for both nose bone and molars,which may reflect adaptations to climate and environment.Using multidimensional scaling analysis,it was shown that the morphological characteristics of skulls allowed differentiations between animals from Dianzhong Altiplano and Hengduan Mountains region,that may be related to longitude or latitude of their habitations.In conclusion,the morphological characteristics of the skulls and mandibles of T.belangeri in Dianzhong Altiplano and Hengduan Mountains region can be distinguished at the level of population;this may correlate to the ecological adaptation.
Composite Analysis of the Effects of ENSO Events on Antarctica

AbstractPrevious investigations of the relationship between El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Antarctic climate have focused on regions that are impacted by both El Nino and La Nina, which favors analysis over the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas (ABS). Here, 35 yr (1979–2013) of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data are analyzed to investigate the relationship between ENSO and Antarctica for each season using a compositing method that includes nine El Nino and nine La Nina periods. Composites of 2-m temperature (T2m), sea level pressure (SLP), 500-hPa geopotential height, sea surface temperatures (SST), and 300-hPa geopotential height anomalies were calculated separately for El Nino minus neutral and La Nina minus neutral conditions, to provide an analysis of features associated with each phase of ENSO. These anomaly patterns can differ in important ways from El Nino minus La Nina composites, which may be expected from the geographical shift in.
Green versus Sustainability From Semantics to Enlightenment

The sustainability movement from the grassroots to the global level has been both enriched and hobbled by the many different versions of sustainability articulated in scholarly and popular writings, town hall forums, and international conferences. The latest expression of this cacophony is evidenced in the emergence of “green-talk” and the growing substitution of varieties of “greenness” for sustainability and sustainable development in everyday and media parlance. This critical essay seeks to accom plish two things: draw out the differences between the green label and sustainability, and situate this debate within a hierarchical sustainability rubric that allows us to meaningfully offer gradations on the sustainability continuum. In so doing, we seek to illuminate the stakes involved in this conceptual debate and provide clarity about what these putative variations on sustainability imply for both theory and practice. In an age of mounting finite resource scarcities, rapid climate change, and continuing global population growth, combined with the growing clamor for Western-style economic development, the sustainability movement is not going to go away. Sadly, the meaning of sustainability and sustainable development remains highly contested and subject to ongoing and fierce dispute. This state of affairs is evi denced by the growing shift away from the language of sustainability and its variants to the increasingly popular, and easier to swallow, term green.
Geotechnical Aspects of the My Thuan Bridge Project in Vietnam

The geotechnical investigation forming part of the feasibility study of the bridge over the Mekong River at My Thuan, Vietnam is described. Geotechnical issues include remoteness of the bridge site from suitable sources of aggregates; a surface soil profile consisting of a deep normally consolidated clay and a river bed with the potential for scour at the bridge site. The paper describes the geological conditions of the Mekong Delta; the geotechnical investigation for the bridge; and an outline of the solutions proposed for resolving the several geotechnical issues in the project.
Geochemical characteristics of Gerizhuotuo OIB and its tectonic significance in Buqingshan tectonic mélange belt,southern margin of East Kunlun Orogen

A suite of Gerizhuotuo basalt is exposed at Buqingshan tectonic melange belt,southern margin of Eastern Kunlun Orogen,and is comprised mainly of pillow basalt and amygdaloidal basalt,which spatially associated with thick-massive carbonate rock and silicon mudstone.We have studied in detail the geological and geochemical characteristics of the Gerizhuotuo basalt and revealed that the SiO2content of the basalt ranges from 44.51%-48.43%,MgO content ranges from 4.67%-6.99%,Na2O content ranges from 1.74%-3.72%,and TiO2content ranges from 1.29%-1.85%,which are similar to the average value of tholeiites.Moreover,the major elemental characteristics of the basalt can be attributed to tholeiitic basalt of subalkaline series,showing the same characteristics as the Iceland tholeiite basalts or the earlier erupted tholeiites of Hawaii islands.For Gerizhuotuo basalt,the∑REE ranges from(68.71-133.50)×10-6,LREE/HREE ranges from 3.55-5.17,(La/Yb)N ranges from 3.07-5.32,and the chondrite normalized REE patterns show dipped-right pattern suggesting enrichment of LREE.The primitive mantle normalized trace element spider diagram shows large uplift,which is also similar to the oceanic island basalt.In addition,some tectonic discrimination diagrams suggest that the Gerizhuotuo basalt was formed in oceanic island tectonic environment(OIB). Petrogenesis research shows that the possibility of the continental crust contamination is small,by contrast,the rock composition was mainly controlled by the mantle source,which further proves that it is the product of partial melting of 1%-3% lherzolite in mantle source.Combined with previously published data,the oceanic island basalt was formed in the Early Carboniferous,which further indicates that there was Paleotethyan oceanic basin developed in the Buqingshan area in Carboniferous time,in which many oceanic island/seamounts were developed.
Coccidioidomycosis.

John N. Galgiani, Neil M. Ampel, Janis E. Blair, Antonino Catanzaro, Royce H. Johnson, David A. Stevens, and Paul L. Williams Valley Fever Center for Excellence, Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System, and University of Arizona, Tucson, and Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona; and University of California, San Diego, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center and Stanford University, San Jose, and Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Fresno, California
Regime‐dependent streamflow sensitivities to Pacific climate modes cross the Georgia–Puget transboundary ecoregion

The Georgia Basin–Puget Sound Lowland region of British Columbia (Canada) and Washington State (USA) presents a crucial test in environmental management due to its combination of abundant salmonid habitat, rapid population growth and urbanization, and multiple national jurisdictions. It is also hydrologically complex and heterogeneous, containing at least three streamflow regimes: pluvial (rainfall‐driven winter freshet), nival (melt‐driven summer freshet), and hybrid (both winter and summer freshets), reflecting differing elevation ranges within various watersheds. We performed bootstrapped composite analyses of river discharge, air temperature, and precipitation data to assess El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) impacts upon annual hydrometeorological cycles across the study area. Canadian and American data were employed from a total of 21 hydrometric and four meteorological stations. The surface meteorological anomalies showed strong regional coherence. In contrast, the seasonal impacts of coherent modes of Pacific circulation variability were found to be fundamentally different between streamflow regimes. Thus, ENSO and PDO effects can vary from one stream to the next within this region, albeit in a systematic way. Furthermore, watershed glacial cover appeared to complicate such relationships locally; and an additional annual streamflow regime was identified that exhibits climatically driven non‐linear phase transitions. The spatial heterogeneity of seasonal flow responses to climatic variability may have substantial implications to catchment‐specific management and planning of water resources and hydroelectric power generation, and it may also have ecological consequences due to the matching or phase‐locking of lotic and riparian biological activity and life cycles to the seasonal cycle. The results add to a growing body of literature suggesting that assessments of the streamflow impacts of ocean–atmosphere circulation modes must accommodate local hydrological characteristics and dynamics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The copyright in Paul H. Whitfield's contribution belongs to the Crown in right of Canada and such copyright material is reproduced with the permission of Environment Canada.