Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efecto del ácido giberélico en la germinación de tres especies del género Opuntia (Cactaceae) del Desierto Chihuahuense

Due to the well-known function of gibberellic acid (GA3) as an inductor or promoter of germination, we assessed the effect of GA3 upon the germination of three cacti species from the Mapimi Biosphere Reserve in the Chihuahuan Desert. An experiment was conducted with two treatments: addition of GA3 at 200 ppm or control (without GA3)under controlled conditions of light and temperature. The experiment was followed during four months and germination was considered when the radicle appeared. We used an ANOVA to establish significant differences among species and between treatments, results obtained as percentages were arcsine square root transformed to normalize data. There were significant differences among species, but not between treatments, nor in the interaction between factors. Opuntia microdasys reached the higher germination percentage (47.5%), O. rastrera (30.9%) showed lower germination than the former, while O. macrocentra was the lowest (5.3%). The addition of GA3 at the concentration used in this experiment did not promote germination of Opuntia spp. which is in accordance with other work performed with cacti species (germination with addition of GA3 = 27.4% ± 1s.e. 3.5; seed germination in control treatment = 28.4% ± 3.6). It is necessary to explore carefully the effect of GA3 on cacti seed germination as results are diverse and contradictory.
Flooding and canopy dynamics shape the demography of a clonal Amazon understorey herb

1 Tropical forests have highly diverse and often dense understorey vegetation. However, little is known about the demography of tropical understorey species and their response to common events like flooding and gap formation that change the prevailing environmental conditions. 2 We studied the influence of flooding and canopy gaps on the demography of the widespread clonal herb Heliconia metallica in 16 populations in the Peruvian Amazon over two wet and two dry seasons. In a factorial study design, we selected several populations in canopy gaps and under a closed canopy both at flooded and non‐flooded sites. 3 Using periodic matrix models, we determined projected population growth rates during seasonal and annual time intervals and applied prospective and retrospective analyses to identify the life cycle components that contributed most to the differences in annual growth rates among the four combinations of habitat conditions. 4 All populations increased in size during the wet and decreased during the dry season. In both years, projected annual growth rates of the non‐flooded populations were less than 1 both in gaps and under a closed canopy. In contrast, over the 2‐year study period growth rates of the flooded populations were close to 1 both in gaps and under a closed canopy. 5 The life history of H. metallica was dominated by ramet survival and clonal growth, whereas seedling recruitment was very rare. In canopy gaps, growth and clonal expansion were rapid and reproduction was frequent, whereas under a closed canopy ramets grew little and rarely flowered. Population decline at non‐flooded sites was due to higher ramet mortality during the dry season. However, the effects of flooding and canopy gaps interacted and affected life‐history components differently in wet and dry seasons and in successive years. 6 Synthesis. The intricate interacting effects of flooding and canopy gaps determine the population dynamics of the understorey herb H. metallica. The clonal life form and the plasticity of the ramets enable the populations to persist under variable light conditions, but may not be able to buffer the increasingly frequent periods of drought in Amazon forests.
Analysis of the linguistic expression I think in a corpus of late Modern English scientific texts

espanolEste trabajo trata sobre la relacion entre modalidad y evidencialidad. Esta centrado especificamente en el uso de la expresion I think en combinacion con otros elementos modales, asi como los posibles efectos pragmaticos observados en muestras de textos obtenidas del Coruna Corpus of English Scientific Writing. Asimismo, analizamos si la variable de disciplina podria tener algun efecto sobre las funciones que la expresion lleva a cabo en estos textos. Aunque todavia queda mucho por investigar en textos academicos desde una perspectiva diacronica, hay algunos estudios previos sobre elementos de posicionamiento realizados en el ambito de la pragmatica historica (cf. Gray, Biber y Hiltunen 2011; Moskowich and Crespo 2014; Alonso-Almeida 2015; Alvarez-Gil, 2017, 2018, 2019). Siguiendo esta tradicion, nos centramos en la expresion I think, siguiendo el trabajo de van der Auwera y Plungian (1998) para la descripcion de la modalidad y los tipos modales EnglishThe present paper deals with the relationship between modality and evidentiality, focussed specifically on the use of the expression I think in combination with other modal devices, as well as the possible pragmatic effects observed in text samples obtained from the Coruna Corpus of English Scientific Writing and whether the variable of discipline might have some effect on the functions the expression represents in these texts. Even if much research is still to be done in academic texts from a diachronic perspective, there are some previous studies on stance devices carried out within the arena of historical pragmatics (cf. Gray, Biber and Hiltunen 2011; Moskowich and Crespo 2014; AlonsoAlmeida 2015; Alvarez-Gil 2017, 2018, 2019). Following this tradition, we focus on the expression I think, following the work of van der Auwera and Plungian (1998) for the description of modality and modal types.
Resistance to drought affects persistence of alternative regimes in shallow lakes of the Boreal Plains (Alberta, Canada)

Summary We examined how lake and landscape factors affected the persistence of alternative regimes in 23 predominantly fishless, shallow lake ecosystems over seven years in the Boreal Plains, Alberta, Canada. The alternative regimes were dominance by SAV (submerged aquatic vegetation) or by phytoplankton. The relationship between alternative regime persistence and a suite of lake and landscape variables were determined using regression tree analysis. We also compared the environmental variables and biological communities among alternative regimes using Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric tests and post hoc tests. Persistence of the SAV-rich regime was best predicted by water level stability. Switches from a SAV-rich regime to a phytoplankton-rich regime have been attributed to drought, which concentrates total phosphorus (TP) and other solutes and increases turbidity, favouring phytoplankton dominance. Lakes with stable water levels are inferred as less sensitive to drought, and presumably experience less evapoconcentration during drought, which helps maintain the SAV-rich regime. Lakes with more water level drawdown may also delay or inhibit SAV growth through physical disturbance. In contrast, the persistence of the phytoplankton-rich regime was highest in lakes with higher TP and a lower proportion of surrounding wetlands. We postulate that lakes with less wetland in the buffer are more responsive to variations in precipitation because these systems have a smaller water storage capacity and lack peatlands that otherwise attenuate the effects of drought via shallow groundwater inputs. The relative persistence of lakes in the study area was related to lake and landscape factors that affect the relative sensitivity of the lakes to drought conditions. The biological community in these predominantly fishless lakes appears to play a weak role in maintaining the alternative regimes compared to fish-bearing lake systems.
Leader Personality Traits and Organizational Citizenship Behavior with the Combined Mediating Role of Ethical & Servant Leadership, and the Work Group Psychology: Evidence from Pakistan

Different patterns of leadership were previously established empirically, however, many of them were conceptually interrelated and pursued simultaneously, while their overall effect remained poorly understood. We proposed a theoretical framework by combining (F. O. Walumbwa &Schaubroeck, 2009) and (Newman, Schwarz, Cooper, & Sendjaya, 2017) models of two closely related leadership styles i.e. Ethical and Servant leadership. Different leadership personality traits like Pro-activeness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism were analyzed and their effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Voice were established with the mediatory role of both ethical and servant leadership. These leadership styles would then impact workgroup psychology, and ultimately OCB. The workgroup factors included were Leader-Member Exchange, Psychological Safety, and empowerment. This model was empirically tested on a sample of 201 employees working in large organizations (450 or more employees) in Karachi, Pakistan. The data was collected with the use of adopted questionnaire and analyzed using Confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results suggested that leadership personality traits that include proactive personality, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism make leaders either “Ethical leaders” or “Servant leaders. In both cases of ethical and servant leaders, leaders lead their way of dealing with member exchange, psychological safety and psychological empowerment affect voice behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. Ethical leaders develop an ethical workplace culture that allows employees to make innovative suggestions and become a constructive asset for the organization. This is because Ethical leaders make their voices heard publicly against any negative organizational practice and emphasize doing the right thing from a social learning perspective.
The distribution and abundance of chroococcoid cyanobacteria in the Southern Ocean

The abundance of phycoerythrin-containing chroococcoid cyanobacteria in the surface waters between Australia and Antarctica were determined by counts of yellow autofluorescing cells on four transects of the Southern Ocean in the 1985/86 austral summer and by analysis of the pigment zeaxanthin. Ultrastructural differences found in the cell wall of Southern Ocean cyanobacteria may indicate the presence of different strains
Investigating the regulation of c-Fes non-receptor tyrosine kinase activation and gene expression

The human c-fes locus encodes a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Fes) that is structurally and functionally unique. Originally, c-fes was isolated as the normal cellular homolog of sarcoma-inducing avian and feline retroviruses. However, unlike its viral oncoprotein counterparts that display constitutive tyrosine kinase activity, c-Fes exhibits restrained activity that is regulated by an undefined mechanism. Adding to its unique nature, recent studies have implicated c-Fes as a colorectal cancer-associated tumor suppressor despite its status as a proto-oncogene and tyrosine kinase.Previous work from our group has demonstrated that c-Fes forms high molecular weight oligomers in vitro, suggesting that c-Fes catalytic activity is governed by the interconversion of c-Fes between inactive monomeric and active oligomeric forms. However, this model was based largely on in vitro data and has not been assessed in living cells. To assess the involvement of oligomerization in regulating c-Fes activity in vivo, I employed a yellow fluorescence protein (YFP)-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay. Using BiFC, I demonstrated for the first time that c-Fes forms constitutive oligomers in vivo, regardless of its activation status. In addition, I determined that both coiled-coil domains mediate the oligomerization of c-Fes. Moreover, I established that c-Fes forms coiled-coil dependent oligomers in physiologically relevant cellular contexts, suggesting a new model for c-Fes regulation where conformational changes rather than oligomerization govern c-Fes kinase activity in cells.In colorectal cancers, loss of c-Fes expression is a common occurrence. This is not unusual, as tumorigenesis proceeds as oncogenes are activated and tumor suppressors are inactivated. To date, however, the mechanism responsible for c-fes gene repression has not been characterized. Upon determining that the absence of c-fes gene transcription was common among colorectal cancer cell lines, I used methylation inhibitor, bisulfite sequencing, and in vitro methylation analyses to establish that promoter methylation governs Fes gene and protein expression in colorectal cancers. Preliminary studies also suggest that promoter methylation governs c-Fes expression in human colon cancer surgical specimens. Taken together, the studies outlined in this thesis advance the field of c-Fes research by defining previously unknown regulatory mechanisms of both kinase activity and gene expression.
Effect of Herbicides on Soybean Thrips (Sericothrips variabilis) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of several herbicides on soybean thrips numbers in soybean. Adult soybean thrips numbers in the preplant-incorporated and preemergent herbicide treatments were observed to be either greater than or equal to, but never less than, numbers in the control plots. Larval soybean thrips numbers were not observed to be affected by the preplant-incorporated or preemergent treatments. The postemergence herbicide treatment of naptalam plus dinoseb consistently reduced both adult and larval soybean thrips numbers. The other postemergent treatments did not affect numbers consistently.
Equine myodural bridges - An Anatomical and integrative/functional description of myodural bridges along the spine of horses: Special focus on the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial regions.

Introduction: Socalled myodural bridges (MDB) linking the suboccipital muscles to the dura mater have been described in the human, canine, small ruminants, monkeys, rodents, porpoises, crocodiles, sperm whales, chickens and lately in equines. They are believed to have biomechanical functions and might also play a role in head/neck pathology and the pumping function of the cerebrospinal fluid. Up to now these bridges have only been described briefly in the horse in terms of their anatomy, and then only in relation to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate and thoroughly describe the anatomy, biomechanics and integration of this complex throughout the equine spine, with special focus on the upper neck, the cervicothoracic- and the lumbosacral transitions. Pathology in these regions is well recognized in horses. Material and methods: Horses were dissected, the heads and spine prepared in several anatomical planes, the heads MR-scanned and histology performed on the AO and AA MDBs. Results: Gross anatomical observations showed that muscle-membrane-spinal dura mater connections (MDB) were evident in the full equine columna vertebralis, and were specifically developed in the upper cervical, the cervicothoracic and the lumbosacral transitions. In the upper cervical region, the m. rectus capitis minor and major and the m. obl. cap caudalis attached tightly to the dorsal intervertebral AO and AA membranes. On the ventral membrane surface there was a trabecular connection to dura mater. The two membranes differed markedly in the amount of elastic fibers giving them different biomechanical function. The structures of the AO MDB were evident on the MRI scans. Conclusions: Horses, like humans, other mammals, a reptile and a bird to date, have myodural bridges, which are tightly integrated with surrounding structures as well as the biomechanics of the upper neck. In addition, similar structures are present throughout the whole spine.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF FRUIT AND LEAVES EXTRACT OF LANNEA MICROCARPA ENGLAND K. KRAUS (ANACARDIACEAE)

Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity as well as carotenoid content of crude hydro-acetonic extract of fruit and leaves of Lannea microcarpa ( L. microcarpa ) and to elucidate the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism by enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods. Methods: Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by using carrageenan induced paw edema in mice; the anti-inflammatory mechanism may have been assessed using the inhibitory effect of the extracts, on the lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase, lipid peroxidation and the reduction of Fe 3+ . Results: At the doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg, the extracts of both fruit and leaves reduced the carrageenan-induced paw edema while the dose of 200 mg/kg has produced a maximum percentage of inhibition of mice paw edema both for fruit (78.44%) and leaves (58.02%) at the fifth hour compared to control. Significant lipoxigenase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect was obtained with both fruit and leaves extract ethyl acetate fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction from both extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation. The fruit and leaves extract ethyl acetate fraction also inhibited lipid peroxidation with 32.85% and 78.07% respectively. Crude acetonic extract of leaves of Lannea microcarpa has shown a significantly reducing power of Fe 3+ by 9.46±0.26 and high carotenoids content compared to those of fruit extract. Conclusion: The results obtained from the present study suggest that Lannea microcarpa fruit and leaves extract possess significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities (mg AAE/100 mg). Therefore, they could be useful for food and pharmaceutics industries.
Transport of passive admixture in a multi-channel river system: the Upper Narew case study. Part 1. Hydrological survey

This paper presents information required for conducting tracer test to study transport of passive admixture in a multi-channel Upper Narew River system. A precondition for a proper understanding of the physical processes governing the transport of pollutants in a river is a detailed recognition of hydrological and morphometric state within the river channel. This paper examines these conditions within a part of the river connecting Suraz and Bokiny constituting the opening river reach within the Narew National Park. Brief descriptions are given of study area and channel network at the time of field experiment. Then overview of the flow field and hydrological, hydraulic and topographic characteristics are presented. This is the first study of that kind in this unique anastomosing river system allowing for the detailed understanding of the flow regime in this highly complicated hydrographic network.
Impact of Controllable Factors on Export Performance of SMEs in Jordan

Exporting is of great interest for SMEs in Jordan from both microeconomic and macroeconomic perspective. The objective of this study was to identify to what extent specific internal factors contribute to export success of SMEs in Jordan. This study hypothesized that export performance of SMEs is directly affected by three groups of internal factors. These include firm characteristics, managerial characteristics, and marketing strategy. A multiple case approach is used to conduct this research and a structured interview is developed to collect the data directly from the participants. A pattern matching approach was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that export performance is positively affected by firm characteristics, managerial characteristics, and marketing strategy. Additionally, the demographic characteristics of managers and adaptation of distribution channels are unlikely to have an influence on export performance. This was unexpected, because of the plenty of empirical evidences in the literature that support the impact of these variables on export success.
Yield and economics of onion (Allium cepa L.) as influenced by NPK, FYM and biofertilizers.

On the basis of the findings of the present investigation conducted during rabi season of the year 2002–03 and 2003–04, it is concluded that application of 75% RDF fertilizers, 25 t\ha. FYM & Azotobacter + PSB innoculation proved best in respect of B:C ratio. The results of the present investigation clearly reveal that about 25% nutrient required by onion crop could be supplemented by making effective combination of chemical fertilizers with FYM and biofertilizer.
KEPATUHAN KONSUMSI TABLET TAMBAH DARAH PADA REMAJA PUTRI

The healthy generation is passed down from the previous healthy generation. For that we need good preparation so that when a pregnant woman is in optimal healthy condition. Healthy conditions will give birth to a healthy generation. Long before becoming pregnant, young women must be prepared to have good health habits. The purpose of this study was to determine compliance with the consumption of added blood tablets in adolescent girls between urban and regional areas. This type of research is descriptive which illustrates adherence of young women in consuming blood- added tablets. The population / research subjects in this study were young women who were targeted by the Fe supplementation delivery program. Schoolgirls have received an added blood packet. In its development there are students who are obedient and there are students who are less obedient in consuming Fe supplementation. For schools in the regions, the consumption of blood added tablets 100% of respondents spend the added blood tablets that have been received. While for students who are in urban areas who spend less than 50% add blood tablets. The conclusion that there are still many cases of anemia in schoolgirls who are taking the program added to the tablet added blood. This can be attributed to the awareness that is still lacking in consuming blood-added tablets. It is recommended for schools to be able to help make students aware of consuming blood added tablets that have been given from the government.
On ice supersaturation over the Arctic

We study ice-supersaturation in the cold (< −38◦C) arctic troposphere and lower stratosphere using highresolution quality-controlled radiosonde data. On average, ice supersaturation occurs in about 40 % to 60 % of the profiles with frequency of occurrence increasing with geographic latitude. The frequencies of occurrence show (so far) no long-term trends. The seasonal cycles are not very clear but seem to reverse between more southern to more northern locations. Most profiles with ice-supersaturation have more than one supersaturated layer; this stacking increases as well to the north. Due to the 1-Hz resolution of the data we find icesupersaturated layers a few metres thick, but very thick layers extending over almost 5 km are found as well. Median thickness values are smaller than in previous studies, between 100 m and 200 m. The far northern locations display a strong seasonal cycle of the mean layer thickness with maxima in the polar night, probably caused by radiation cooling. Ice supersaturation occurs most frequently directly beneath the tropopause in an upper-tropospheric layer whose depth varies strongly seasonally, being thin in summer and much thicker in winter. Due to the very low temperatures in the Arctic ice supersaturation can occur at the ground. Temperatures in arctic supersaturated layers typically range from −40 to −60 °C, but can occasionally be lower than −70 °C. Water vapour volume mixing ratios range from a few to about 500 ppmv. The relative humidity with respect to ice can exceed 150–160 %. The thickness of supersaturated layers is weakly correlated with its maximum supersaturation, but not with temperature and absolute humidity.