Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Demographic Analysis of Metro/Nonmetro Differences in Adult Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obesity

Overweight and obesity prevalence is increasing throughout the United States, and these two health conditions seem to disproportionately affect certain segments of the adult population. To date little research has examined adult differences in normal weight, overweight, and obesity by metropolitan or nonmetropolitan residential status while controlling for important demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and health status characteristics. This research helps to fill this gap. We used data from the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to empirically assess predictors of overweight and obesity risk for all adults and then by residential location. Multinomial logistic regression techniques were used to estimate relative risk ratios for an adult being overweight or obese compared with normal weight for all adults and stratified by residential location. Among all adults, a nonmetro weight disadvantage was noted, with nonmetro adults having increased odds of being overweight or obese compared with normal weight. Interestingly, the residence stratified model indicates that race/ethnicity was not as important of a predictor of overweight or obesity for nonmetro residents as it was for metro residents, and far fewer behavioral and health status characteristics determined overweight status for nonmetro adults compared with metro adults; similar associations were noted between these characteristics for obesity status in both metro and nonmetro areas. This research highlights the need for health policies and programs to consider residential location when implementing strategies for weight management and loss for adults in the United States. The increasing prevalence of obesity in the United States has warranted more and ongoing research, public health programs, and policy debates to address this pervasive health concern. A recent report using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data indicates that obesity prevalence has increased from the late 1980s to 2008 for both men and women; however no racial/ethnic differences in obesity status were noted for men while non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women were more likely to be obese than non-Hispanic white
Helix breaking transition in the S4 of HCN channel is critical for hyperpolarization-dependent gating

In contrast to most voltage-gated ion channels, hyperpolarization- and cAMP gated (HCN) ion channels open on hyperpolarization. Structure-function studies show that the voltage-sensor of HCN channels are unique but the mechanisms that determine gating polarity remain poorly understood. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations (~20 μs) of HCN1 channel under hyperpolarization reveals an initial downward movement of the S4 voltage-sensor but following the transfer of last gating charge, the S4 breaks into two sub-helices with the lower sub-helix becoming parallel to the membrane. Functional studies on bipolar channels show that the gating polarity strongly correlates with helical turn propensity of the substituents at the breakpoint. Remarkably, in a proto-HCN background, the replacement of breakpoint serine with a bulky hydrophobic amino acid is sufficient to completely flip the gating polarity from inward to outward-rectifying. Our studies reveal an unexpected mechanism of inward rectification involving a linker sub-helix emerging from HCN S4 during hyperpolarization.
Mathematical Modeling of Pre-Clinical Alpha-Emitter Radiopharmaceutical Therapy.

Preclinical studies, in vivo, and in vitro studies, in combination with mathematical modeling can help optimize and guide the design of clinical trials. The design and optimization of alpha-particle emitter radiopharmaceutical therapy (αRPT) is especially important as αRPT has the potential for high efficacy but also high toxicity. We have developed a mathematical model that may be used to identify trial design parameters that will have the greatest impact on outcome. The model combines Gompertzian tumor growth with antibody-mediated pharmacokinetics and radiation-induced cell killing. It was validated using preclinical experimental data of antibody-mediated 213Bi and 225Ac delivery in a metastatic transgenic breast cancer model. In modeling simulations, tumor cell doubling time, administered antibody, antibody specific-activity and antigen-site density most impacted median survival. The model was also used to investigate treatment fractionation. Depending upon the time-interval between injections, increasing the number of injections increased survival time. For example, two administrations of 200 nCi, 225Ac-labeled antibody, separated by 30 days, resulted in a simulated 31% increase in median survival over a single 400 nCi administration. If the time interval was 7 days or less, however, there was no improvement in survival; a one-day interval between injections led to a 10% reduction in median survival. Further model development and validation including the incorporation of normal tissue toxicity is necessary to properly balance efficacy with toxicity. The current model is, however, useful in helping understand pre-clinical results and in guiding preclinical and clinical trial design towards approaches that have the greatest likelihood of success.
Patients admitted for inpatient cannabis detoxification: withdrawal symptoms and impacts of common comorbidities

Introduction: There is clinical impetus to accurately monitor cannabis withdrawal symptoms. In doing this the impact of other drug and mental health comorbidities should be considered. Aims: To report patient demographics, psychiatric and substance use comorbidities and symptoms of cannabis withdrawal in the first 5 days of hospital admission for detoxification. Design: Daily self-reported symptom severity ratings were analysed as functions of gender, secondary drug use and recent mental health history. Setting: Specialised inpatient hospital unit for withdrawal management (detoxification) at a University of Sydney teaching hospital, Sydney, Australia. Participants: Total 193 consecutive patients admitted for routine inpatient cannabis withdrawal management over a 9-month period. Measurements: Patients screened via daily self-reported subjective ratings of cannabis withdrawal. Findings: Average cannabis used per day was 2.6 g. Most patients smoked tobacco daily (91%) and half of the sample (53%) reported other drug use. Alcohol was the main secondary drug used (29%). Half of the patients (51%) reported recent contact or interventions for mental health concerns. We were able to delineate principal withdrawal features to include “anxiety” (physical tension, hypermentation, palpitations and excessive worry), dysphoria (+ anergia, anhedonia, lethargy and somnolence) and irritability/agitation. Additional features identified included mood swings and cravings for cannabis. These features all significantly declined over a 5-day admission. Recent mental health concerns, but not gender or secondary drug use, correspond to greater global symptom severity over the course of admission. Conclusions: This study underscores a need to be alert to the impacts of comorbidities that are common in this treatment-seeking population, especially secondary drug use and the potential for mental health issues which add dimensions of complexity.
Risk Factors for Over weight and Obesity in 10-11 Years Old Children in the District of Constantine (Algeria)

To assess the incidence of obesity and overweight among primary school children (10-11 years), and to find the possible association between obesity/overweight, and dietary habits, activity physical and sociodemographic differentials among body mass index (BMI) of these children. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, in 2013, to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to emphasize the risk factors. We included 399 school children in the 4 th and 5 th grades in public primary schools in the district of Constantine (Algeria). We studied anthropometric measurements (overweight and BMI), calculated on the basis of Who 2007 criteria, followed by dietary habits, socio-demographic data through a parental questionnaire. Data analyses were analyzed using the SPSS 20 software. Pearson correlation analyses were also performed. The prevalence of overweight among the subjects was 8.5%, while that of obesity was 19.3%, the incidence of low birth weight (<2.5 Kg) was 12% for all the children (29.16% for boys and 70.83% for girls). The incidence of macrosomia (birth weight ≥4 Kg) was 8.5% for all the children (50% for boys and 50% for girls). The parents of obese and overweight children were highly educated and were concerned about the educational values. Breakfast and a practice of sport were predictors of obesity and overweight among the school children studied. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the school children is increasing. Birth weight, less healthy dietary habits, socioeconomic status and less physical activity may be responsible for this high prevalence.
Factors Associated with Quality of Life of the Elderly who Receive Subsistence Allowance in Panna nikhom District, Sakon nakhon Province.

This cross sectional descriptive research aims to determine the factors associated with quality of life for the elderly who received the subsistence allowance in Phanna Nikhom district, Sakon nakhon province. Systematic random sampling was utilized to select 180 elderly from the population. Data collection was carried out from February to March, 2012 by using structured questionnaire which was tested for content validity by 3 experts and reliability test. Data analysis was performed using both descriptive and inferential statistics including Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The findings revealed that the quality of life for the elderly who received the subsistence allowance in Phanna Nikhom district, Sakon nakhon province was at middle level ( x = 77.63 , S.D. = 9.70, 95% CI = 76.20 - 79.06). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that there were three statistically significant factors. 1) occupation (mean dif = -6.14, 95% CI = -9.00 - -3.27, P-value < 0.0001) 2) having chronic disease (mean dif = 3.31, 95% CI = 0.71 - 5.91, P-value = 0.013) 3) their selfcare (mean dif = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.31 - 1.58, P-value = 0.004). These three factors together could predict 17.59 % of the quality of life of the elderly who received subsistence allowance. ( adjR 2 = 0.1759) Recommendations from this research is to develop and enhance the quality of life for the elderly allowance should have a better quality of life for advanced eye care profession or occupation that is appropriate for their age. Care in the treatment and care of the elderly in their own health care. Keywords: Quality of Life , The Elderly who Receive Subsistence Allowance
Digital Vein Mapping Guiding Laser and Injection sclerotherapy to treat telangiectasias and Feeder Veins: Report of 140 Cases.

Background and Objective: Telangiectasias treatment inefficiency may occur due to invisible feeder veins. These veins can be made discernible by use of a digital vein detection device (V-V). This study evaluates a method to treat vascular lesions by combining 1064nm laser, injection sclerotherapy, a skin cooling device (CLaCS) and the V-V. Materials and Methods: Patients were treated with laser and sclerotherapy, both applied under cooling. V-V was used to visualize hidden feeder veins. Results: A total of 140 patients underwent CLaCS. In 121 patients (86%) satisfactory cosmetic results were obtained avoiding phlebectomy. Partial ou unsatisfactory outcome was observed in 19 patients (14%). Conclusion: This more comprehensive way to evaluate telangiectasias extends the treatment of lesions by direct vision to those correlated invisible vessels, guided by a digital device.
Identification of the optimal treatment regimen in the presence of missing covariates

Covariates associated with treatment‐effect heterogeneity can potentially be used to make personalized treatment recommendations towards best clinical outcomes. Methods for treatment‐selection rule development that directly maximize treatment‐selection benefits have attracted much interest in recent years, due to the robustness of these methods to outcome modeling. In practice, the task of treatment‐selection rule development can be further complicated by missingness in data. Here, we consider the identification of optimal treatment‐selection rules for a binary disease outcome when measurements of an important covariate from study participants are partly missing. Under the missing at random assumption, we develop a robust estimator of treatment‐selection rules under the direct‐optimization paradigm. This estimator targets the maximum selection benefits to the population under correct specification of at least one mechanism from each of the two sets—missing data or conditional covariate distribution, and treatment assignment or disease outcome model. We evaluate and compare performance of the proposed estimator with alternative direct‐optimization estimators through extensive simulation studies. We demonstrate the application of the proposed method through a real data example from an Alzheimer's disease study for developing covariate combinations to guide the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Relationship of Some Blood Serum Parameters with Reproductive Performance of Bulgarian Murrah Buffaloes After Hormonal Treatment During The Early Postpartum (Preliminary Study)

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the relationship between some routinely assayed blood serum biochemical parameters and the reproductive performance of hormonally treated buffaloes from the aforementioned breed during the early postpartum period. The study was conducted with 16 Bulgarian Murrah buffaloes, weighing 480-520 kg, aged 3-5 years, clinically healthy, with normal parturition, without signs of endometritis. The study was carried out from April to May, 2012. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture on days 5, 21 and 28 postpartum immediately before hormonal treatments. Blood serum parameters such as glucose, calcium, phosphorus, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, AST, ALT and total protein were measured. Each animal was treated with 500 mg PGF2α on day 5 post partum, 100 µg GnRH on day 21 and new prostaglandin injection 7 days latter. Two proven fertile bulls were introduced into the herd at the start of the experiment. Ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis was performed on days 30 and 40 after the last prostaglandin, respectively. During the second ultrasound six pregnancies were detected. After the last ultrasonography two groups were formed: Group I (n=10) - non-pregnant and group II (n=6) - pregnant buffaloes. The data were processed statistically and mean values for each parameter were calculated. A comparative analysis between the different days and groups was made. The results of blood analysis on day 5 post partum (first PGF2α injection) indicated absence of significant differences in mean values between the different groups. The levels of glucose, phosphorus and total cholesterol on day 2 were higher (p
Epidemiological Study of Adverse Drug Reactions of Antitubercular Drugs Used in Dots Therapy

The Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) to the drugs used is one of the major reasons for the patient default for treatment. A general knowledge of the various ADRs and their management is essential for the effective management of Tuberculosis. This study was planned for detection, assessment, classification and causality analysis of ADRs to Anti-tubercular drugs used in DOTS therapy in Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal and T.B. Hospital Idgah Hills, Bhopal. Information of the ADRs is data based collected from DOTS center with the help of treating physician and other health care professionals in a specialized Performa and the assessment of ADRs done with the help of various scales and investigations. Maximum numbers of ADR were reported among male population within 4 week of starting DOTS therapy. The causality assessment was found to 50% possible and 30.64% probable. Gastrointestinal system (Gastritis) was the most common system affected followed by Skin (Rashes). Majority of ADRs 53.22% were moderate, and 46.77% were mild. No severe life threatening ADRs were observed during the study period. We found DOTS therapy safer, but regular monitoring is required for ADRs, so as to prevent the ADRs at the initial stage.
Conceptualising the effect of access to electricity on health in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

ABSTRACT Access to electricity is an important issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) however its health implications are poorly understood. This paper systematically reviews the health effects of access to electricity and develops a conceptual model to summarise the pathways through which these effects may occur. The databases CINAHL, Embase, and MEDLINE were searched for studies examining the effects of access to electricity on health in LMICs. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria: 23 focusing on electrification and 10 focusing on electricity reliability. Using a modified socio-ecological model, 4 main levels of influence were identified: (1) individual, (2) household, (3) community, and (4) institutional. Electrification was generally associated with positive health outcomes, such as reduced mortality, lower rates of disease, and improved quality of and access to care, while poor electricity reliability was associated with negative health outcomes, including increased morbidity and mortality, lower quality of care, and reduced utilisation of health services. Although the overall quality of the evidence was weak, given the many potential pathways through which electricity may affect health, efforts should be made not only to increase the number of connected households globally, but to improve the reliability of the electricity supply as well.
Ultrasonographic characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an ulcerative skin parasitic disease common in people living in tropical regions and travelers1 . Lesions characteristics (e.g., self-healing and treatment response) are extremely variable. Diagnosis can be challenging when the lesion is in an advanced stage and can be confused with other pathologies. On histology, epidermal and dermal abnormalities have been described2 . Panniculitis has been reported as an important feature to distinguish CL from other dermatological lesions3 . High-frequency ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging tool that depicts tissues with high definition4 . We aim to describe the ultrasound morphology of confirmed cases of CL and correlation with the reported histopathological characteristics.
Marine Invertebrate Extracts Induce Colon Cancer Cell Death via ROS-Mediated DNA Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Impairment

Marine compounds are a potential source of new anticancer drugs. In this study, the antiproliferative effects of 20 invertebrate marine extracts on three colon cancer cell models (HGUE-C-1, HT-29, and SW-480) were evaluated. Extracts from two nudibranchs (Phyllidia varicosa, NA and Dolabella auricularia, NB), a holothurian (Pseudocol ochirus violaceus, PS), and a soft coral (Carotalcyon sp., CR) were selected due to their potent cytotoxic capacities. The four marine extracts exhibited strong antiproliferative effects and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M transition, which evolved into early apoptosis in the case of the CR, NA, and NB extracts and necrotic cell death in the case of the PS extract. All the extracts induced, to some extent, intracellular ROS accumulation, mitochondrial depolarization, caspase activation, and DNA damage. The compositions of the four extracts were fully characterized via HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis, which identified up to 98 compounds. We propose that, among the most abundant compounds identified in each extract, diterpenes, steroids, and sesqui- and seterterpenes (CR); cembranolides (PS); diterpenes, polyketides, and indole terpenes (NA); and porphyrin, drimenyl cyclohexanone, and polar steroids (NB) might be candidates for the observed activity. We postulate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is responsible for the subsequent DNA damage, mitochondrial depolarization, and cell cycle arrest, ultimately inducing cell death by either apoptosis or necrosis.
Unknown makes unloved—A case study on improving integrated health and social care in the Netherlands using a participatory approach

Abstract Many initiatives integrating health and social care have been implemented in order to provide adequate care and support to older people living at home. Further development of existing initiatives requires iterative processes of developing, implementing and evaluating improvements to current practice. This case study provides insight into the process of improving an existing integrated care initiative in the Netherlands. Using a participatory approach, researchers and local stakeholders collaborated to develop and implement activities to further improve collaboration between health and social care professionals. Improvement activities included interprofessional meetings focussing on reflection and mutual learning and workplace visits. Researchers evaluated the improvement process, using data triangulation of multiple qualitative and quantitative data sources. According to participating professionals, the improvement activities improved their communication and collaboration by establishing mutual understanding and trust. Enabling factors included the safe and informal setting in which the meetings took place and the personal relationships they developed during the project. Different organisational cultures and interests and a lack of ownership and accountability among managers hindered the improvement process, whereas issues such as staff shortages, time constraints and privacy regulations made it difficult to implement improvements on a larger scale. Still, the participatory approach encouraged the development of partnerships and shared goals on the level of both managers and professionals. This case study highlights that improving communication between professionals is an important first step in improving integrated care. In addition, it shows that a participatory approach, in which improvements are co‐created and tailored to local priorities and needs, can help in the development of shared goals and trust between stakeholders with different perspectives. However, stakeholders' willingness and ability to participate in such an improvement process is challenged by many factors.