Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG LABU KUNING TERHADAP SERAT PANGAN, KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA DAN SENSORI MUFFIN

Pumpkin is one of the high-fiber food sources which is abundant in Indonesia, but it is still widely un-derutilized. The use of pumpkin was expected to increase dietary fiber content in food product as well as to become one of food diversification alternatives. The purposes of this research were to evaluate the effect of addition of pumpkin flour into muffin formula on dietary fiber content, physicochemical and sensory cha-racteristics as well as to determine the best muffin developed. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which applied two factors namely, types of pumpkin flour (AP and AB) and the concentra-tions of pumpkin flour (25, 50, 75 and 100%). The study was repeated twice in three replication trials. The AP pumpkin was soaked in 0.10% sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) solution at an initial temperature of 80°C, while AB pumpkin was soaked in a 0.10% Na2S2O5 solution at a room temperature (30°C). The re-sults showed that the increasing concentration levels of both pumpkin flour types decreased expansion volume, brightness, moisture content, and panelist acceptance towards the muffins. On the other hand, it increased bulk density, hardness, and dietary fiber content of the muffins. Based on sensory evaluation, the formulation comprising of 75:25 wheat flour to AB pumpkin ratio produced the best preferred muffin, because it was comparable to the control. Although the pumpkin muffin had lower acceptability than the control for all organoleptic parameters, it had a excellent value of dietary fiber. About one serving (ca 45 g) of 100% pumpkin muffin could meet the daily needs for Indonesian, at 29-31% per individual per day.
CERES Gimbal Performance on Terra

The Terra satellite has been operating in orbit for 20 years. The Terra satellite is also called the flagship earth-observing satellite. The two Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System CERES instruments on board continue to function nominally. Their expected mission lifetime was 7 years. Critical to their performance is the longevity of the scanning gimbals. This can be traced to the performance of the fluid-lubricated bearings. Two metrics are used to estimate their lifetime and health. Both lend themselves to readily available data and ease of interpretation. One is predicting the evaporative lubricant loss. This analysis indicates that the lubricant supply is adequate for the continual life of the gimbals. The second is trending the torque with time. Torque precursors are sampled quarterly. These data are converted to torque. Two types of torque behavior were examined. Contrasting torque data have supported the conclusion that the gimbals are operating nominally. This can be partially attributed to the design choices for the bearings and lubricant. The aim of this paper is to quantitatively describe the present health and expected life of the CERES gimbals on the Terra satellite.
Quantifying the impact of foliar insects on two Eucalyptus hybrids in Zululand, northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

The effects of defoliation by insect pests on Eucalyptus growth in South Africa is poorly understood, with the need for negative impacts to be quantified. In 2010, two long-term insect exclusion trials were established at Palm Ridge and Teza plantations in KwaZulu-Natal to quantify the impact of insect pests on two Eucalyptus hybrids. The trial locations were selected adjacent to compartments in which the pests Gonipterus spp. and Thaumastocoris peregrinus were present. Each trial had an insecticide treatment with an active ingredient of alpha-cypermethrin at a rate of 100 g L−1 and a control treatment where trees were not sprayed. Insect pests were collected after every spraying event with a greater number collected over a period of four months from the Palm Ridge site. Gonipterus spp. were the predominant insect pest collected. No significant growth differences were recorded between treated and untreated trees at Teza. Measurements taken at Palm Ridge indicated that insecticide-treated trees had significantly better tree growth than untreated trees. Final measurements showed a 25% reduction in volume for the control treatment compared with the insecticide treatment. Results of this study indicate that timing and duration of insecticide application could hold larger and additive benefits for insect exclusion.
Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action, and Resistance

Antiseptics and disinfectants are extensively used in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of topical and hard-surface applications. A wide variety of active chemical agents (biocides) are found in these products, many of which have been used for hundreds of years, including alcohols, phenols, iodine, and chlorine. Most of these active agents demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; however, little is known about the mode of action of these agents in comparison to antibiotics. This review considers what is known about the mode of action and spectrum of activity of antiseptics and disinfectants. The widespread use of these products has prompted some speculation on the development of microbial resistance, in particular whether antibiotic resistance is induced by antiseptics or disinfectants. Known mechanisms of microbial resistance (both intrinsic and acquired) to biocides are reviewed, with emphasis on the clinical implications of these reports.
SIGHTING OF SOUTHERN GREY SHRIKES PREYING ON RED PALM WEEVIL IN TWO COUNTRIES

Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, commonly known as Red Palm Weevil, is one of the most destructive and invasivepalm pests’ species in the world. The most important host species are coconut palms, oil palms, Canary Island palms and itis considered as a key pest in date palms crops. As the existing chemical – based treatments are not efficient, the eco-friendly biological control methods have now attracted high interest. In this note, we report for the first time the predationof the Red Palm Weevil by two subspecies of Southern Grey Shrike Lanius meridionalis, once in Spain and once in SaudiArabia.
Dendrochronological Reconstruction of June Drought (PDSI) from 1731–2016 for the Western Mongolian Plateau

Droughts are a recurrent phenomenon in the semiarid forest-steppe ecotone of Mongolia with negative consequences for tree growth and agricultural management. In order to better cope with the uncertainty of a changing climate, the study of historical drought and its effects on forests could provide useful insights into ecosystem responses to climate variability. Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) is a dominant tree species in Western Mongolia that provides a valuable source of proxy data in the form of annual rings. We used dendrochronological techniques to establish a standard master chronology and analyze the relationship between annual ring widths and climatic factors. Correlation analyses revealed that the strongest associations of tree-ring index (TRI) values for the master chronology to direct climate variables were June temperature (r = −0.36, p < 0.01) and precipitation (r = 0.39, p < 0.01). The master chronology was strongly correlated to Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for June (r = 0.606, p < 0.001), and this variable (PDSIJun) was chosen for reconstruction. A simple linear regression of PDSIJun based on TRI explained 35.4% of the total variance for the period 1965–2016 and based on this model the PDSIJun changes from 1731–2016 were reconstructed. Split–sample calibration–verification tests were conducted to evaluate the quality of the model used for climate reconstruction. In the past 286 years, the number of non-drought years (PDSI > 0) was low, with a frequency of only 14.1% of the total reconstruction years. Extreme drought (PDSIJun < −2.70) occurred frequently in the 19th and early and late 20th centuries. Multi-taper method (MTM) spectra and wavelet analysis showed that the reconstructed PDSI series had high and low frequency periods (2.4–3.3 and 85–92 years). Our findings provide an understanding of the drought history of the semiarid forest-steppe ecotone of western Mongolia.
The Spectrum of Asynchronous Dynamics in Spiking Networks: A Theory for the Diversity of Non-Rhythmic Waking states in Neocortex

The cerebral cortex of awake animals exhibits frequent transitions between diverse non-rhythmic network states. However, it is still unclear how these different activity states emerge within the same network and how each state impacts network function. Here, we demonstrate that model networks of spiking neurons with moderate recurrent interactions dynamically change their asynchronous dynamics depending upon the level of afferent excitation. We found that the model network displayed a spectrum of asynchronous states, ranging from afferent input-dominated (AD) regimes, characterized by unbalanced synaptic currents and sparse firing, to recurrent input-dominated (RD) regimes, characterized by balanced synaptic currents and dense firing. The model predicted regime-specific relationships between several different neural biophysical properties which were all experimentally confirmed by intracellular recordings in the somatosensory cortex of awake mice. Moreover, theoretical analysis showed that AD regimes more precisely encode spatiotemporal patterns of presynaptic activity, while RD regimes better encoded the strength of afferent inputs. These results provide a theoretical foundation for how recurrent neocortical circuits generate non-rhythmic waking states and how these different states modulate the processing of incoming information.
Prevalence of Trypanosomiasis of Wild Rats (Rattus sp.) in Banyuwangi

The aim of this research was to investigate the number of prevalence of Trypanosomiasis of wild rats in Banyuwangi. Sixty wild rats were trapped from human residence, markets and rice fields in Banyuwangi. Rat`s blood smear was stained by Giemsa. The result show that one (1.67%.) of 60 blood sample was appear Trypanosoma sp. The prevalence of Trypanosomiasis of wild rats in Banyuwangi was 1.67%.
Benthic hotspots in the pelagic zone: Light and phosphate availability alter aggregates of microalgae and suspended particles in a shallow turbid lake

Limnetic aggregates from a turbid delta lake with low dissolved nutrient availability were studied in relation to light and dissolved nutrient availability. Quick light‐attenuation restricts the euphotic zone to the top surface layer of the water column, whereas mineralization processes in the sediment specifically provide dissolved nutrients near the lakebed. This suggests neither the pelagic nor the benthic zone provides the combination of resources required for microalgal growth. Nutrient mineralization in aggregates could bridge this apparent spatial gap in light and nutrients by providing dissolved nutrients in the euphotic zone, promoting microalgal growth. To explore this, aggregates obtained from turbid and phosphate‐limited lake Markermeer (The Netherlands) were exposed in the laboratory to phosphate‐replete and phosphate depleted conditions, at high‐light and low‐light availability. Confocal microscopy revealed that aggregates exhibited alkaline phosphatase activity and contained microalgae, other microbes, and extracellular polymeric substances. The spatial distribution of the phosphatase activity in aggregates largely matched that of chlorophyll a (Chl a)‐lacking microbes, suggesting that these microbes were responsible for the activity. Colorimetric quantification revealed that aggregates exhibited over 1.9‐fold higher phosphatase activity than surrounding water. Two‐day exposure to different light and phosphate availabilities affected aggregate composition. Phosphate depleted conditions resulted in more Chl a‐lacking microbes and more phosphatase activity than phosphate‐replete conditions. Low‐light intensity resulted in higher abundance of extracellular polymeric substances than high‐light intensity. In contrast to aggregates from deep stratified systems, Markermeer aggregates were not enriched with dissolved phosphorus. These results suggest that P‐cycling in aggregates differs between shallow turbid and deep stratified ecosystems.
Geographic patterns and environmental correlates of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity for large‐scale angiosperm assemblages in China

A full understanding of the origin and maintenance of β -diversity patterns in a region requires exploring the relationships of both taxonomic and phylogenetic β -diversity (TBD and PBD, respectively), and their respective turnover and nestedness components, with geographic and environmental distances. Here, we simultaneously investigated all these aspects of β -diversity for angiosperms in China. Specifically, we evaluated the relative importance of environmental filtering vs dispersal limitation processes in shaping β -diversity patterns. We found that TBD and PBD as quantified using a moving window approach decreased towards higher latitudes across the whole of China, and their turnover components were correlated with latitude more strongly than their nestedness components. When quantifying β -diversity as pairwise distances, geographic and climatic distances across China together explained 60 and 53% of the variation in TBD and PBD, respectively. After the variation in β -diversity explained by climatic distance was accounted for, geographic distance independently explained about 23 and 12% of the variation in TBD and PBD, respectively, across China. Overall, our results suggest that environmental filtering based on climatic toler-ance conserved across lineages is the main force shaping β -diversity patterns for angiosperms in China.
Morphological Investigation of Genus Ziziphus Mill. (Rhamnaceae) in Saudi Arabia

The genus Ziziphus Mill. is a member of the Family Rhamnaceae and comprises of ca. 170 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The species in the genus are of economic and medicinal importance. This study was conducted to identify the members of the genus in Saudi Arabia as well as morphological features that show delimitation in the genus. Field survey was conducted across the study area where 74 individuals were collected and used in the study; additionally, herbarium specimens were also employed. Both floral and vegetative parts which include habit, leaf, fruit and flowers were examined. The result showed that there is variation in morphological features among the species within the genus and the genus is represented by three species namely Ziziphus nummularia, Z. mucronata , and Z. spina-christi and two varieties Z. spina-christi var. spina-christi, Z. spina-christi var. microphylla .
A study of the physical properties of an active asteroid (6478 Gault)

In 2019 January, the appearance of asteroid 6478 Gault immediately attracted attention because this object exhibited a long and thin tail that was quite different from the usual asteroids. This unexpected morphology placed asteroid 6478 Gault into the catalogue of active asteroids. We acquired photometric and spectroscopic observations on 37 nights from 2019 January to April using several telescopes, including LOT (1 m telescope) and SLT (40 cm telescope) at Lulin Observatory, and the 2.4 m telescope at Lijiang station of Yunnan Observatory. We did not find any reliable value for the rotational period of Gault during 2.5 hr and 5 hr observations on 2019 January 26 at Lijiang station and March 25 at Lulin Observatory, respectively. We classified 6478 Gault as a Q-type asteroid using visible spectrum and photometric measurements, including colors (B − Vavg = 0.764 ± 0.045, V − Ravg = 0.450 ± 0.023), and relative reflectance. By using Finson–Probstein analysis, the grain size for Gault’s tail 2 is larger than 20 μm.
Fruit and seedling diversity among sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations in Turkey

Pitomi kesten, Castanea sativa Mill. , plemenita je vrsta drveća od koje imamo višestruku gospodarsku korist (kvalitetno drvo, jestivi plodovi, med, ogrijev, listinac i dr.). Rasprostranjen je u mediteranskom području, od Kaspijskog jezera do Atlantskog oceana. U Turskoj najveće površine pod kestenovim šumama nalazimo na području sjeverne i zapadne Antolije te u regiji Marmara. U posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća pitomi kesten je ugrožen od raka kestenove kore i negativnih antropogenih utjecaja. S obzirom na to provedena su brojna istraživanja s ciljem očuvanje genofonda ove plemenite vrste drveća. Glavni cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi morfološku varijabilnost plodova i jednogodišnjih sadnica pitomoga kestena u Turskoj. Plodovi za morfometrijsku analizu skupljeni su tijekom listopada u osam populacija pitomoga kestena na području istočne, središnje i zapadne Turske (slika 1, tablica 1). Unutar svake populacije sakupljeni su uzorci sa po 15 do 20 stabala. Ukupno su određene po četiri značajke na svakom plodu: dužina, širina i debljina ploda te omjer dužine i širine ploda. Osim toga, određen je i udio vlage u plodovima, kao i masa 1000 zračno suhih plodova. Plodovi su u proljeće posijani na unaprijed pripremljene gredice. Na kraju prvog vegetacijskog razdoblja mjerene su sljedeće značajke: visina sadnice, promjer sadnice pri osnovi i koeficijent čvrstoće. Za utvrđivanje varijabilnosti populacija korištene su deskriptivne i multivarijatne statističke metode. Podaci su obrađeni u programskom paketu SPSS 23.0. Rezultati deskriptivne statističke analize prikazani su na slici 2. Najviše vrijednosti za dužinu, širinu i debljinu ploda utvrđene su u populaciji Izmira, dok su najviše prosječne vrijednosti za visinu sadnice, promjer sadnice pri njenoj osnovi i koeficijent čvrstoće utvrđene u populaciji Balikesira. Masa 1000 zračno suhih plodova kretala se je od 3815,1 g do 10516,5 g, a udio vlage u plodovima od 38.46 % do 52,21 % (tablica 2). Istraživanjem je utvrđen visok stupanj varijabilnosti populacija pitomoga kestena u Turskoj (slika 3). Rezultati provedene analize varijance pokazali su da se populacije međusobno signifikantno razlikuju za sve istraživane značajke. Pearsonovim koeficijentom korelacije utvrđena je statistički značajna korelacija između dužine, širine i debljine ploda, kao i mase 1000 zračno suhih plodova (tablica 3). Osim toga, pozitivna korelacija utvrđena je i između visine sadnice i koeficijenta čvrstoće. Duncanovim testom i hijerarhijskom klasterskom analizom utvrđeno je da se one populacije koje su geografski bliže i ekološki sličnije nalaze u istoj skupini (slika 1 i 4). Također je utvrđeno da se veličina plodova u kestenovim šumama Turske povećava od istoka prema zapadu.
Novel 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Markers for Pancreatic Cancer

OBJECTIVES Robust biomarkers for pancreatic cancer (PaC) early detection/prognosis are critical for improved patient survival. Our goal was to explore the biomarker potential of 5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmC), an epigenetic marker with a distinct role in cancer pathobiology, yet under-investigated due largely to technical constraints. METHODS We used the TAB-Array assay, a state-of-the-art technology to directly profile 5hmC at single base resolution with the Illumina EPIC array (>850,000 CpG sites) in 17 pairs of tumor/adjacent tissue samples from US patients. RESULTS We demonstrated distinctive distributions of 5hmC in tissues, and substantial differences between tumor and adjacent tissues, suggesting their diagnostic/prognostic value of for PaC. CONCLUSION This study established the potential of 5hmC as a novel epigenetic biomarker for PaC.
Atmosphere‐Soil Interactions Govern Ecosystem Flux Sensitivity to Environmental Conditions in Semiarid Woody Ecosystems Over Varying Timescales

Water and CO2 flux responses (e.g., evapotranspiration [ET] and net ecosystem exchange [NEE]) to environmental conditions can provide insights into how climate change will affect the terrestrial water and carbon budgets, especially in sensitive semiarid ecosystems. Here, we evaluated sensitivity of daily ET and NEE to current and antecedent (past) environment conditions, including atmospheric (vapor pressure deficit [VPD] and air temperature [Tair]) and moisture (precipitation and soil water) drivers. We focused on two common southwestern U.S. (“Southwest”) biomes: pinyon‐juniper woodland (Pinus edulis, Juniperus monosperma) and ponderosa pine forest (Pinus ponderosa). Due to differences in aridity, rooting patterns, and plant physiological strategies (stomatal and hydraulic traits), we expected ET and NEE in these ecosystems to respond differently to atmospheric and moisture drivers, with longer response timescales in the drier pinyon‐juniper woodland. Net sensitivity to drivers varied temporally in both ecosystems, reflecting the integrated influence of interacting drivers and antecedent precipitation patterns. NEE sensitivity to VPD and soil moisture (and ET sensitivity to deep soil moisture [Sdeep]) was higher in the ponderosa forest. ET and NEE in both ecosystems responded almost instantaneously to Tair, VPD, and shallow soil moisture (Sshall), and increases in any of these drivers weakened the carbon sink and enhanced water loss. Conversely, Sdeep and precipitation influenced ET and NEE over longer timescales (days to months, respectively), and higher Sdeep enhanced the carbon sink. As climate changes, these results suggest hotter and drier conditions will weaken the carbon sink and exacerbate water loss from Southwest pinyon‐juniper and ponderosa ecosystems.
Marker-Assisted Breeding in Wheat

Selection is an integral component in plant breeding, which ensures the progressive values of the breeding material, in terms of yield and quality. However, selection is influenced by the environment in any given growing season. The observed phenotype is a product of the genotype (G), the environment (E), and/or genotype × environment (G×E). Therefore, phenotypic selection is not always the best predirector of the genotype. Therefore, an environment-independent method is preferred by the breeder. The development of molecular markers in plants has facilitated marker-assisted selection (MAS). MAS requires the establishment of correlation between a desired trait such as disease resistance and molecular marker(s). This can be obtained, e.g., by phenotyping a genetic mapping population followed by QTL analysis. Initially, this process was slow due to the laborious nature of the first DNA molecular marker system, such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Later, with the discovery of various marker systems amenable to automation and the development of genotyping techniques and instruments, MAS has become a standard procedure in plant breeding. In wheat breeding, MAS helped to accelerate the introgression of many genes that contribute to improve quality and resistance.
Analysis of climate types: Main strategies for sustainable decisions in agricultural areas of Carabobo, Venezuela

Recently, the agricultural zones of Carabobo present problems with the water available for crops influenced by the fluctuation between Precipitation and Potential Evapotranspiration. It is for this reason that the need arises to analyze the climatic types according to the degree of humidity. The Climatic Hydrological Balance methodology was used for 25 rainfall stations in Carabobo, Venezuela, for a period of common registration (1969 - 1999). The results show that four regions were found where humidity behaves differently, the greatest excesses are to the south of the state and it was found that the climatological stations located north of Carabobo have a greater annual deficit. The most relevant agricultural areas are represented by a water index of (-2.16 to -18.96); which determines a dry sub-humid climate with annual rainfall ranging between 921 mm and 1063 mm. This study generated vital information in those agricultural areas that require additional irrigation or controls with structural drainage works that prevent certain crops sensitive to excess water from being damaged.