Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-medication prevalence and associated factors among adult population in Northern India: A community-based cross-sectional study

Objectives: This study aimed to determine self-medication prevalence and its associated factors. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban and rural catchment areas of Uttar Pradesh, India, among 440 adults using a pretested, semistructured questionnaire. The Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to determine the association of self-medication prevalence with various independent variables. The associations were reported as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The prevalence of medication use was 66.4%. The majority of participants (45%) took medicine for fever, cough (40.1%), and cold (31.8%). Allopathy (83.2%) was the most common medicine system used for self-medication. More than half reported taking medicine such as paracetamol (52%), followed by cough syrup (21%) and antihistaminic (17%). Convenience (46%) and lack of time (35.3%) were commonly cited reasons for self-medication. Also, 64.4% of the respondents practiced self-medication on the pharmacist’s recommendation. Urban participants (adjusted odds ratio: 9.85, 95% confidence interval: 5.32–18.23), females (adjusted odds ratio: 2.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.18–4.57), skilled workers (adjusted odds ratio: 5.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.80–17.5), and those who completed primary school (adjusted odds ratio: 2.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.16–5.25) were more likely to self-medicate than rural, male, unemployed, and illiterate participants, respectively. Also, participants whose income was 30,000 Indian rupees (adjusted odds ratio: 3.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–10.21) were more likely to self-medicate than those whose income was less than 4000. Conclusions: A high prevalence of self-medication was found, particularly in urban areas. Convenience and lack of time were commonly cited reasons for self-medication. Allopathy was the most widely used medicine system for self-medication. Antipyretics, cough syrups, and antiallergics were most commonly self-medicated. Gender, education, and income were associated with self-medication. The study highlighted the increased usage among females which could be further explored and role of pharmacists’ recommendation as a major driver for self-medication.
The influence of biased technical progress on employment scale of the circulation industry: Evidence from China

As a leading industry in the national economy, circulation industry can not only guide production and consumption, but also play a vital role in absorbing employment. With the progress of science and technology, technical change has penetrated into the circulation industry of China, which has not only improved its development, but also affected its employment. This paper uses the standardized supply-side system approach to measure the biased technical progress of circulation industry in China and investigates the influence of the biased technical progress index on the employment scale of circulation industry in China with panel regression model. We find that the overall technical progress in China’s circulation industry during 2004–2018 is biased toward capital, and the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor is less than 1. We also find capital-biased technical progress in China’s circulation industry is negatively related to the overall employment scale of circulation industry. The heterogeneity analysis indicates that the employment of non-state-owned units in circulation industry is significantly negatively affected by capital-biased technical progress, while state-owned units doesn’t.
Protein G-quadruplex interactions and their effects on phase transitions and protein aggregation

The SERF family of proteins were originally discovered for their ability to accelerate amyloid formation. Znf706 is an uncharacterized protein whose N-terminus is homologous to SERF proteins. We show here that human Znf706 can promote protein aggregation and amyloid formation. Unexpectedly, Znf706 specifically interacts with stable, non-canonical nucleic acid structures known as G-quadruplexes. G-quadruplexes can affect gene regulation and suppress protein aggregation; however, it is unknown if and how these two activities are linked. We find Znf706 binds preferentially to parallel G-quadruplexes with low micromolar affinity, primarily using its N-terminus, and upon interaction, its dynamics are constrained. G-quadruplex binding suppresses Znf706’s ability to promote protein aggregation. Znf706 in conjunction with G-quadruplexes therefore may play a role in regulating protein folding. RNAseq analysis shows that Znf706 depletion specifically impacts the mRNA abundance of genes that are predicted to contain high G-quadruplex density. Our studies give insight into how proteins and G-quadruplexes interact, and how these interactions affect both partners and lead to the modulation of protein aggregation and cellular mRNA levels. These observations suggest that the SERF family of proteins, in conjunction with G-quadruplexes, may have a broader role in regulating protein folding and gene expression than previously appreciated.
Deep CANALs: a deep learning approach to refining the canalization theory of psychopathology

Abstract Psychedelic therapy has seen a resurgence of interest in the last decade, with promising clinical outcomes for the treatment of a variety of psychopathologies. In response to this success, several theoretical models have been proposed to account for the positive therapeutic effects of psychedelics. One of the more prominent models is “RElaxed Beliefs Under pSychedelics,” which proposes that psychedelics act therapeutically by relaxing the strength of maladaptive high-level beliefs encoded in the brain. The more recent “CANAL” model of psychopathology builds on the explanatory framework of RElaxed Beliefs Under pSychedelics by proposing that canalization (the development of overly rigid belief landscapes) may be a primary factor in psychopathology. Here, we make use of learning theory in deep neural networks to develop a series of refinements to the original CANAL model. Our primary theoretical contribution is to disambiguate two separate optimization landscapes underlying belief representation in the brain and describe the unique pathologies which can arise from the canalization of each. Along each dimension, we identify pathologies of either too much or too little canalization, implying that the construct of canalization does not have a simple linear correlation with the presentation of psychopathology. In this expanded paradigm, we demonstrate the ability to make novel predictions regarding what aspects of psychopathology may be amenable to psychedelic therapy, as well as what forms of psychedelic therapy may ultimately be most beneficial for a given individual.
The role of microbial dispersal in overcoming factors that constrain soil respiration response to climate change

The largest remaining uncertainty in the terrestrial carbon cycle is whether soil will become a carbon source or sink in future decades. Better ecological understanding of the soil microbial communities that regulate soil respiration and carbon decomposition can improve parameterization of global carbon models. Here we investigate whether climatic legacy effects, which can constrain microbial function in the face of environmental change, can be overcome by effective dispersal. To address this gap in knowledge, we performed a lab microcosm experiment using 15 combinations of soil communities to mimic potential dispersal outcomes and maintained these under wet or dry conditions. Soils were taken from three sites at the drier western and three sites at the wetter eastern ends of a precipitation gradient in central Texas with a similar geomorphic profile and known legacies dependent on historical rainfall. Soil origin treatment was created from two western sites, two eastern sites, or a mixture of one western and one eastern site. Dispersal treatment was based on the amount of each soil origin in the mixtures (0:100, 15:85, 50:50, 85:15, 100:0).
The Impacts of Genome-wide Analyses on our Understanding of Human Herpesvirus 1 Diversity and Evolution 2 3

#Corresponding Author 10 Moriah L. Szpara 11 Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 12 The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences 13 W-208 Millennium Science Complex (MSC) 14 Pennsylvania State University 15 University Park, PA 16802 USA 16 Phone: 814-867-0008 17 Email: moriah@psu.edu 18 19 Author emails: 20 Daniel W. Renner: dwr19@psu.edu 21 Moriah L. Szpara: moriah@psu.edu 22 23 Running title: Diversity and evolution in large DNA viruses 24 Manuscript #: JVI00908-17, revision 25
Synchronization without contention

Conventional wisdom holds that contention due to busy-wait synchronization is a major obstacle to scalability and acceptable performance in large shared-memory multiprocessors. We argue the contrary, and present fast, simple algorithms for contention-free mutual exclusion, reader-writer control, and barrier synchronization. These algorithms, based on widely available fetch-and-@ instructions, exploit local access to shared memory to avoid contention. We compare our algorithms to previous approaches in both qualitative and quantitative terms, presenting their performance on the Sequent Symmetry and BBN Butterfly multiprocessors. Our results highlight the importance of local access to shared memory, provide a case against the construction of so-called "dance hall" machines, and suggest that special-purpose hardware support for synchronization is unlikely to be cost effective on machines with sequentially consistent memory.
SARS-CoV-2 triggers Golgi fragmentation via downregulation of GRASP55 to facilitate viral trafficking

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an enveloped RNA virus. Despite the high economic and life losses caused by SARS-CoV-2, the detailed viral cycle, especially how it assembles and traffics in the secretory pathway, remains largely unknown. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces global alterations of the host endomembrane system, including dramatic Golgi fragmentation. Disrupting Golgi function with small molecules strongly inhibits viral infection. Furthermore, expression of several SARS-CoV-2 proteins individually is sufficient to trigger Golgi fragmentation. Significantly, SARS-CoV-2 infection down-regulates GRASP55 but up-regulates TGN46 expression, while expression of GRASP55 or knockdown of TGN46 reduces the infection rate of both USA-WA1 and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. Our study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 modulates Golgi structure and function via altering GRASP55 and TGN46 expression to facilitate viral trafficking, indicating the Golgi as a novel therapeutic target to block SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collective Latent Dirichlet Allocation

In this paper, we propose a new variant of latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA): Collective LDA (C-LDA), for multiple corpora modeling. C-LDA combines multiple corpora during learning such that it can transfer knowledge from one corpus to another; meanwhile it keeps a discriminative node which represents the corpus ID to constrain the learned topics in each corpus. Compared with LDA locally applied to the target corpus, C-LDA results in refined topic-word distribution, while compared with applying LDA globally and straightforwardly to the combined corpus, C-LDA keeps each topic only for one corpus. We demonstrate that C-LDA has improved performance with these advantages by experiments on several benchmark document data sets.
Decorating implicit surfaces

This work presents a new general approach for applying textures onto implicit surfaces. Its main contributions are: (cid:15) An improved set of interactive tools for subdividing implicit surfaces into convenient patches. (cid:15) An efﬁcient and reliable algorithm for deriving parameterizations for these patches. (cid:15) A new set of useful texturing operations. These results provide a uniﬁed representation schemefor a variety of texturing techniques that were previously incompatible, allowing more efﬁcientmanipulation, storage,and renderingof textured objects and a fuller use of current texture mapping hardware.
Epidemiological and Molecular Characterization of a Mexican Population Isolate with High Prevalence of Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2A Due to a Novel Calpain-3 Mutation

Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type 2 (LGMD2) is a group of autosomally recessive inherited disorders defined by weakness and wasting of the shoulder and pelvic girdle muscles. In the past, several population isolates with high incidence of LGMD2 arising from founder mutation effects have been identified. The aim of this work is to describe the results of clinical, epidemiologic, and molecular studies performed in a Mexican village segregating numerous cases of LGMD2. A population census was conducted in the village to identify all LGMD affected patients. Molecular analysis included genome wide homozygosity mapping using a 250K SNP Affymetrix microarray followed by PCR amplification and direct nucleotide sequencing of the candidate gene. In addition, DNA from 401 randomly selected unaffected villagers was analyzed to establish the carrier frequency of the LGMD2 causal mutation. A total of 32 LGMD2 patients were identified in the village, rendering a disease prevalence of 4.3 (CI: 2.9–5.9) cases per 1,000 habitants (1 in 232). Genome wide homozygosity mapping revealed that affected individuals shared a 6.6 Mb region of homozygosity at chromosome 15q15. The identified homozygous interval contained CAPN3, the gene responsible for LGMD2 type A (LGMD2A). Direct sequencing of this gene revealed homozygosity for a novel c.348C>A mutation (p.Ala116Asp) in DNA from all 20 affected subjects available for genetic screening, except one which was heterozygous for the mutation. In such patient, a heterozygous c.2362AG>TCATCT deletion/insertion was recognized as the second CAPN3 mutation. Western blot and autocatalytic activity analyses in protein lysates from skeletal muscle biopsy obtained from a p.Ala116Asp homozygous patient suggested that this particular mutation increased the autocatalytic activity of CAPN3. Thirty eigth heterozygotes of the p.Ala116Asp mutation were identified among 401 genotyped unaffected villagers, yielding a population carrier frequency of 1 in 11. This study demonstrates that a cluster of patients with LGMD2A in a small Mexican village arises from a novel CAPN3 founder mutation. Evidence of allelic heterogeneity is demonstrated by the recognition of an additional CAPN3 mutation in a single affected. Our study provides an additional example of genetic isolation causing a high prevalence of LGMD and of successful molecular characterization of the disease by means of homozygosity mapping. The identification of a very high carrier frequency of the LGMD2-causing mutation has implications for more rational genetic counseling in this community.
Networking around a common issue: From words to action in the case of clean Baltic Sea

preview 1 Networking around a common issue From words to action in the case of clean Baltic Sea Tiina Ritvala and Asta Salmi Helsinki School of Economics International Business P.O. Box 1210, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland tiina.ritvala@hse.fi ; asta.salmi@hse.fi
Predicting the availability of parking spaces with publicly available data

Searching for parking spaces on the street causes a significant part of the urban traffic and results in extra costs for the drivers in terms of time and fuel consumption. Existing approaches to predict the availability of parking spaces have significant drawbacks as they are either expensive or rely on the users´ information. This article deals with the prediction of the parking situation based on publicly available data that can be accessed cost-efficiently. Suitable categories of data are identified based on a literature review. Subsequently, a prototypical system that employs a neural network is implemented. The relevance of the different categories of data is evaluated based on 2,779 real world records. The results show that weekday, time of the day, location, and temperature have a significant impact on the prediction; whereas events, traffic, vacation time and rainfall are only of secondary importance. This article categorizes existing solutions to support finding parking spaces and shows that publicly available information can provide a good starting point for the prediction of the availability of parking spaces.
Kinetically dominated FR II radio sources

The existence of Fanaroff–Riley class II objects that are kinetically dominated, the jet kinetic luminosity, Q, is larger than the total thermal luminosity (infrared to X-ray) of the accretion flow, Lbol, is of profound theoretical interest. Such objects are not expected in most theoretical models of the central engine of radio-loud active galactic nuclei. Thus, establishing such a class of objects is an important diagnostic for filtering through the myriad of theoretical possibilities. This Letter attempts to establish a class of quasars that have existed in a state of kinetic dominance, R(t) ≡Q(t)/Lbol(t) > 1, at some epoch, t. It is argued that the 10 quasars in this article with a long-term time-average , that exceeds LEdd are likely to have satisfied the condition R(t) > 1 either presently or in the past based on the rarity of Lbol > LEdd quasars. Finally, the existence of these sources is discussed in the context of the theory of the central engine.
Osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: value of dynamic MR imaging in detecting viable tumor before surgery.

OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced and subtraction MR images in detecting residual viable tumor before surgery, with emphasis on timing of enhancement, in patients with high-grade osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-one patients with proved osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. After IV administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine, dynamic enhancement patterns on preoperative MR images were compared with corresponding areas on histologic sections of the resected specimens. On dynamic subtraction images obtained with high temporal resolution (1.5-3 sec), the interval between arrival of the bolus of contrast agent in an artery and start of tumoral enhancement was used to distinguish residual viable tumor. Early enhancing foci (interval artery-tumor < 6 sec) and late or nonenhancing areas seen on MR images were correlated with the histopathologic findings in these areas of the resected specimens. RESULTS Early and progressively enhancing structures seen on MR images corresponded to feeding arteries, physeal vessels, or residual viable tumor at specific preferential sites on corresponding histologic sections of the resected specimens. Tumor foci as small as 3-5 mm2 could be detected on dynamic MR images. Remnant viable tumor was often located subperiosteally and at the margins of the tumor. Occasionally, active periosteal reaction without presence of viable tumor contributed to early enhancement. Late and gradually enhancing or nonenhancing areas corresponded histopathologically to regions of chemotherapy-induced necrosis, mucomyxoid degeneration, or fibrosis. Alternatively, late or nonenhancing areas were associated with reactive changes such as edema, hemorrhage, or osteomyelitis or with tumor-related extracellular matrices such as abundant osteoid or chondroid. Viable tumor areas with scarce formation of matrix on microscopy, such as small cell osteosarcoma areas or Ewing's sarcoma, showed early enhancement with rapid washout of contrast agent on the dynamic MR images. CONCLUSION Fast dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences are essential for identifying residual tumor before surgery. A short time interval of less than 6 sec between arterial enhancement and tumoral enhancement strongly correlates with presence of viable tumor. Both therapy-related alterations of tissue and tumor-related matrices must be considered when late or lack of enhancement is noted on dynamic MR images.
Developmental toxic effects of ethylbenzene or toluene alone and in combination with butyl acetate in rats after inhalation exposure

First, the developmental toxic potential of n‐butyl acetate (BA) was examined in Sprague‐Dawley rats following whole body inhalation exposure, 6 h day−1, from day 6 to 20 of gestation, at concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm. Maternal toxicity was evidenced by significant decreases in body weight gain at 2000 and 3000 ppm, and by reduced food consumption at 1000 ppm and higher concentrations. The effects on prenatal development were limited to a significant decrease in fetal weight at 3000 ppm. Thus, inhaled BA was not a selective developmental toxicant.
Tissue-specific silencing of integrated transgenes achieved through endogenous RNA interference in Caenorhabditis elegans

ABSTRACT Transgene silencing is a common phenomenon observed in Caenorhabditis elegans, particularly in the germline, but the precise mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. Through an analysis of the transcription factors profile of C. elegans, we discovered that the expression of several transgenic reporter lines exhibited tissue-specific silencing, specifically in the intestine of C. elegans. Notably, this silencing could be reversed in mutants defective in endogenous RNA interference (RNAi). Further investigation using knock-in strains revealed that these intestine-silent genes were indeed expressed in vivo, indicating that the organism itself regulates the intestine-specific silencing. This tissue-specific silencing appears to be mediated through the endo-RNAi pathway, with the main factors of this pathway, mut-2 and mut-16, are significantly enriched in the intestine. Additionally, histone modification factors, such as met-2, are involved in this silencing mechanism. Given the crucial role of the intestine in reproduction alongside the germline, the transgene silencing observed in the intestine reflects the self-protective mechanisms employed by the organisms. In summary, our study proposed that compared to other tissues, the transgenic silencing of intestine is specifically regulated by the endo-RNAi pathway.