Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Networking With Knowledge-Intensive Professional Service Firms on Speed to Market and Product Innovativeness

During the new product development (NPD) process, exploitation and exploration are important, especially for small manufacturing firms (SMFs). However, limited resources and a lack of internal knowledge capacity have forced SMFs to work with knowledge-intensive professional service firms (KIPSFs). This article investigates the impact of SMFs’ networks with KIPSFs on the performance of NPD. Using data from 164 SMFs in the northwest of England, this article reveals a linear relationship between firm's product innovativeness and its network with KIPSFs for exploitation, and a curvilinear relationship between firm's speed to market and its network with KIPSFs for exploration. A curvilinear relationship was also found between networks with KIPSFs for ambidexterity and firm's product innovativeness and speed to market. These results lead to several practical implications for networking strategy as each network supports different innovation activities and produces different outcomes.
ISS feedback control redesign for continuous stirred tank reactors

In this paper a new nonlinear feedback control law for continuous stirred tank reactors, obtained by exact Input/Output (I/O) linearization and Sontag's input‐to‐state stability feedback control redesign methods, is studied. By the new feedback control law, a significant attenuation of the disturbance effect is guaranteed, with evident improvement with respect to control laws obtained by the exact I/O linearization method. The performed simulations validate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computation of qP-wave rays, traveltimes and slowness vectors in orthorhombic media

SUMMARY The eikonal equation is the equation of the phase slowness surface for isotropic and anisotropic media. In general anisotropic media, there is no simple explicit expression for the phase slowness surface. An approximate expression of the eikonal equation may be obtained in weakly anisotropic media. In orthorhombic media, the approximate eikonal equation of the qP wave is the sum of an ellipsoidal form and a more complicated term. The ellipsoidal form corresponds to what we call ellipsoidal anisotropy. Ray equations written in the Hamiltonian formulation are characteristics of the eikonal equation. Ray perturbation theory may be used to compute changes in ray paths and physical attributes (traveltime, polarization, amplitude) due to changes in the medium with respect to a reference medium. Examples obtained in homogeneous orthorhombic media show that a reference medium with ellipsoidal anisotropy is a better choice to develop the perturbation approach than an isotropic reference medium. Models with strong anisotropy can be considered. The comparison with results obtained by an exact ray program shows a relative traveltime error of less than 0.5 per cent for a model with relatively strong anisotropy.We propose a ¢nite element approach in which the medium is divided into a set of elements with polynomial elastic parameter distributions. Inside each element, using a perturbation approach, analytical expressions for rays and traveltimes are obtained. Ray tracing reduces to connecting these analytical solutions at the vertices of the cells.
A modified linear programming gradient method for optimal design of looped water distribution networks

A modified linear programming gradient (LPG) method is presented for solving looped water distribution network problems, together with a mathematically rigorous derivation of the LPG model. The LPG method of Alperovits and Shamir is modified in terms of both search direction and step size. A quasi-Newton search direction is proposed instead of the steepest descent direction, and the step size is determined by a backtracking line search method instead of a fixed step size. The modified method is applied to a numerical example, where it provides an improved solution in comparison to the original LPG method.
Numerical basis of the separation of scattering and intrinsic absorption from full seismogram envelope. A monte-carlo simulation of multiple isotropic scattering.

Seismic wave attenuation is caused by two major factors, scattering attenuation and intrinsic absorption. A method to separate these two factors from total attenuation is proposed for a case where scattering is isotropic and the random distribution of scatterers and that of absorbers are uniform. The seismic waves recorded at a station from an earthquake can be divided into three portions: a direct wave plus an earlier part of coda waves, a middle part of coda waves and a later part of coda waves. The latter two portions are composed of scattered waves only. The time integral of energy density of each portion is numerically simulated based on the Monte-Carlo method, and is plotted against hypocentral distance. The curves of integrated energy are very sensitive to the seismic albedo which is the ratio of scattering loss to the total attenuation. We offer a set of curves of the integrated energy vs. hypocentral distance for different values of the seismic albedos and different strengths of total attenuation. These curves make it possible to evaluate separately the scattering strength and intrinsic absorption by comparison of the time integrals of actually observed band-pass filtered seismogram's power with the simulated curves.
New catalogue of blue stragglers in open clusters

We present a catalogue of blue-straggler candidates in galactic open clusters. It is based on the inspection of the colour–magnitude diagrams of the clusters, and it updates and supersedes the first version (Ahumada & Lapasset 1995). A new bibliographical search was made for each cluster, and the resulting information is organised into two tables. Some methodological aspects have been revised, in particular those concerning the delimitation of the area in the diagrams where the stragglers are selected. A total of 1887 blue-straggler candidates have been found in 427 open clusters of all ages, doubling the original number. The catalogued stars are classified into two categories mainly according to membership information.
Circulations and density distributions in a deep, strongly stratified, two-layer estuary

The paper discusses a theoretical model of statistically steady flow in a strongly stratified estuary. A halocline is assumed to be present and the lower layer is taken to be deep and non-turbulent. The outflowing upper fluid mixes with the salty lower fluid and the flux of the brackish water increases with distance from the head of the estuary. The mixing is assumed to be similar to that in laboratory models of mixing across density interfaces. Two equations of mass conservation are used, one for the steady-state mass flux across a vertical section from top to bottom of the channel and one for the mass flux into a section of the upper fluid. A buoyancy conservation equation is used for the buoyancy flux across a vertical section. A final equation is obtained by integrating the horizontal equation of motion across a section of the upper fluid. The flow in this layer is assumed to be opposed by a frictional force proportional to the square of the velocity averaged over the layer. The pressure-gradient force arising from the slope of the free surface is solved for in terms of the thickness of the upper layer, the buoyancy difference across the interface, the slope of the interface and the horizontal density gradient in the upper layer. The derivation shows that the horizontal pressure-gradient force vanishes in the lower layer. The mathematical problem reduces to two ordinary differential equations for the flux in the upper layer and its thickness. Attention is confined to the solution for subcritical flow, in which the interface falls with distance from the head, reaching a maximum depth at a certain section of the estuary. Beyond this the interface rises. At the mouth, where, by definition, the width of the estuary increases rapidly, it is shown that there must be a transition from subcritical to supercritical flow. This condition, applied to the solution for uniform width, determines a remaining unknown related to the depth of the halocline at the head of the estuary and the complete solution is obtained as a function of the freshwater influx per unit width, the r.m.s. turbulent velocity, the estuary length and the buoyancy of sea water. The solution is complicated but has reasonable behaviour for variations of the given parameters of the problem. A basic feature for values of the constants appropriate to fjord-type estuaries is the dominance of friction, omitted in an earlier, incomplete investigation by Stommel. This is also revealed by the large drop in the free surface over the length of the estuary. A comparison with two estuaries, Oslofjord and Knight Inlet, British Columbia, indicates that the former is very different from the model of this paper but that the latter may have a similar nature.
New approach to attitude/momentum control for the Space Station

A new approach to control moment gyro (CMG) momentum management and attitude control of the space station is presented. The control algorithm utilizes both the gravity-gradient and gyroscopic torques to seek torque equilibrium attitude in the presence of secular and cyclic disturbances. It is shown that, depending on mission requirements, either pitch attitude or pitch-axis CMG momentum can be held constant. It is also shown that a combination of yaw attitude and roll-axis CMG momentum can be held constant, whereas a combination of roll attitude and yaw-axis CMG momentum cannot. As a result, the overall attitude and CMG momentum oscillations caused by cyclic aerodynamic disturbances are minimized. A state feedback controller with minimal computer storage requirements for gain scheduling is also presented. An inherent physical property of the coupled roll/yaw dynamics is discussed in terms of a transmission zero of a multivariable system.
Şirket İflaslarının Tahminlenmesinde Karar Ağacı Algoritmalarının Karşılaştırmalı Başarım Analizi

Bu calismada, onemli bir ekonomik problem olan, sirket iflaslarinin tahminlenmesi ele alinmistir. Bunun icin iki yuz kirk farkli sirkete iliskin finansal ozellikleri iceren bir veri seti kullanilmistir. Deginilen veri seti, siniflandirma ve tahminlemede kullanilan onemli yontemlerden biri olan karar agaci yontemine iliskin yedi farkli algoritma ile uygulanarak, dogru siniflandirma yuzdesi, ortalama mutlak hata, ortalama karesel hatanin karekoku, kesinlik, geri cagirma, F-olcutu gibi olcutler bakimindan degerlendirilmistir. Deneysel sonuclar incelendiginde, karar agaci algoritmalarinin sirket iflaslarinin tahminlenmesi icin uygun bir yontem oldugu ve kismen basarili dogru siniflandirma yuzdesi elde ettigi gozlemlenmistir.
Probabilistic Precipitation Anomalies Associated with ENSO

Abstract Extreme phases of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon have been blamed for precipitation anomalies in many areas of the world. In some areas the probability of above–normal precipitation may be increased during warm or cold events, while in others below–normal precipitation may be more likely. The percentages of times that seasonal precipitation over land areas was above, near, and below normal during the eight strongest El Nino and La Nina episodes are tabulated, and the significance levels of the posterior probabilities are calculated using the hypergeometric distribution. These frequencies may provide a useful starting point for probabilistic climate forecasts during strong ENSO events. Areas with significantly high or low frequencies or above– or below–normal precipitation are highlighted, and attempts are made to estimate the proportion of land areas with significant ENSO–related precipitation signals. There is a danger of overstating the global impact of ENSO events because o.
The age-velocity-dispersion relation in the solar neighborhood

The age--velocity-dispersion relation for stars in the solar neighborhood is examined as an indicator of the dominant acceleration mechanism of the stars and the formation history of the local disk. Twarog's sample of F stars, for which ages and photometric distances can be determined, is combined with astrometric data to obtain tangential velocities of a set of stars with a large age range. The resulting age--velocity-dispersion relation rises fairly steeply for stars less than 6 Gyr old, thereafter becoming nearly constant with age. These data are consistent with a simple model in which no local disk is initially present, following which stars are born at a constant rate in time and heated by transient spiral waves. The corresponding age-metallicity relation complements this dynamical measure of the formation history of the disk. The use of new stellar models and a revised metallicity calibration leads to quantitative differences from previous work.
Decentralised output-feedback control for a class of stochastic non-linear systems using homogeneous domination approach

This study discusses the problem of decentralised output-feedback control for a class of stochastic non-linear systems under weaker conditions. Based on the adding one power integrator technique and homogeneous domination approach, a homogeneous observer and controller are constructed for each nominal subsystem without the perturbing non-linearities. Then, a scaling gain is introduced into the homogeneous observers and controllers to render the closed-loop system to be globally asymptotically stable in probability. Two simulation examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the control scheme.
Lp – Lq Estimates for Parabolic Systems in Non‐Divergence Form with VMO Coefficients

Consider a parabolic N×N‐system of order m on ℝn with top‐order coefficients aα VMO∩L∞. Let 1 < p, q < ∞ and let ω be a Muckenhoupt weight. It is proved that systems of this kind possess a unique solution u satisfying ∥u′∥Lq(J;Lωp(ℝn)N)+∥Au∥Lq(J;Lωp(ℝn)N)⩽C∥f∥Lq(J;Lωp(ℝn)N), where Au = ∑|α|⩽m aα Dαu and J = [0,∞). In particular, choosing ω = 1, the realization of A in Lp(ℝn)N has maximal Lp – Lq regularity.
Werner deconvolution for automated magnetic interpretation and its refinement using Marquardt's inverse modeling

We present a deconvolution for automated magnetic interpretation based on Werner’s (1953) simplified thin‐dike assumption which leads to the linearization of complex nonlinear magnetic problems. The usefulness of the method is expanded by the fact that the horizontal gradient of the total field caused by the edge of a thick interface body is equivalent to the total field from a thin dike. Statistical decision, numerical iteration, and a seven‐point operator are used to improve approximations of susceptibility, dip, depth, and horizontal location of the source. Marquardt’s nonlinear least‐squares method for inverse modeling is then used to refine automatically the first approximation provided by the deconvolution. Synthetic and real total‐field data are used to demonstrate the process.
The Tornadic Vortex Signature: An Update

AbstractA tornadic vortex signature (TVS) is a degraded Doppler velocity signature of a tornado that occurs when the core region of a tornado is smaller than the half-power beamwidth of the sampling Doppler radar. Soon after the TVS was discovered in the mid-1970s, simulations were conducted to verify that the signature did indeed represent a tornado. The simulations, which used a uniform reflectivity distribution across a Rankine vortex model, indicated that the extreme positive and negative Doppler velocity values of the signature should be separated by about one half-power beamwidth regardless of tornado size or strength. For a Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) with an effective half-power beamwidth of approximately 1.4° and data collected at 1.0° azimuthal intervals, the two extreme Doppler velocity values should be separated by 1.0°. However, with the recent advent of 0.5° azimuthal sampling (“superresolution”) by WSR-88Ds at lower elevation angles, some of the extreme Doppler velocit.
Study of the efficacy of 5-ALA mediated photodynamic therapy on human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD)

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cell death by photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line. The present study evaluates the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-ALA as photosensitizer using human muscle cancer cells as experimental model. We study the photosensitizer uptake, cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, and cellular viability of the RD cells which was estimated by means of neutral-red spectrophotometric assay. The given experiment was consisted of two steps. For the first one, RD cells were exposed to 5-ALA at concentrations of 0 up to 1000 μg of ALA/ml in minimum essential medium (MEM). The optimal uptake of photosensitizer (5-ALA) in RD cells was investigated by means of spectrometric measurements. Cells viability was determined by means of neutral red assay (NRA). In the second step, 5-ALA exposed RD cells were irradiated with red light (a diode laser, λ = 635 nm) at total light dose of 80 J/cm2. The influence of different incubation times and concentrations of 5-ALA, different irradiation doses and various combinations of photosensitizer and light doses on the viability of RD cells were investigated. It was observed that sensitizer concentration or light doses have no significant effect on cells viability when studied independently. The maximal cellular uptake occurred after 47 hours in vitro incubation. The phototoxic assay showed that ALA-PDT induced killing of 76% of the cells at 250 μg/ml drug dose and 80 J/cm2 light dose.
Comprehensive management of post‐LASIK ectasia: From prevention to treatment

Post‐laser in situ keratomileusis (post‐LASIK) ectasia (PLE) is one of the most serious complications after refractive surgery, mainly manifested as progressive thinning and trembling thinning of the cornea, accompanied by increased myopia and astigmatism. The mechanisms behind mainly include genetic risk factors and external environmental factors such as eye rubbing and cornea surgery. In order to achieve the goal of reducing the incidence of ectasia, preoperative screening strategies need to be continuously improved, through the collection and assessment of genetic and environmental risk factors. Although previous preoperative screening methods did not have a uniform standard, the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) can help us process a large amount of information and make rational use of the data. By using high‐fidelity finite element modelling, differences in preoperative and postoperative strain distributions can be observed, which can predict the risk of postoperative ectasia. In this review, we describe the incidence, aetiology, prevention and treatment of PLE for the purpose of comprehensive management. In terms of treatment, corneal collagen cross‐linking has been widely used to treat progressive keratoconus and other ectasia disease, either as a preventive measure during surgery or as a therapeutic modality after surgery to prevent progression of corneal dilation. Although the standard Dresden protocol has been identified as the gold standard treatment for corneal dilatation, a series of refinements, investigations and long‐term studies have been conducted in recent years. Thus, understanding the factors involved in delaying the onset and slowing progression of cornea ectasia will be key to reducing the incidence worldwide.
Average energy needed to produce an electron-hole pair in GaSe nuclear particle detectors

Gallium selenide (GaSe) detectors, which were fabricated by evaporating small electrodes of various metal films (Au, Al, In, In+Hg, Ag, and Sn) onto 50- to 150- mu m-thick plates cleaved from Bridgman-grown crystals, have been tested. One detector exhibited pulse heights that corresponded to 4.5 eV, possibly 4.0 to 4.3 eV, as an average energy necessary to produce an electron-hole pair for 5.5-MeV alpha-particle irradiation. These measured values are smaller than the 6.3 eV predicted by the Klein formula. >
Psychological distress and decision‐making factors for prophylactic bilateral mastectomy in cancer‐unaffected BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers

Women carrying a BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant have an increased risk for breast cancer and may opt for risk‐reducing bilateral mastectomy. In this study, we examine which demographic, psychosocial, and personality factors are associated with their decision to undergo risk‐reducing bilateral mastectomy.
Racial and ethnic disparities in cervical and breast cancer screenings by nativity and length of U.S. residence

ABSTRACT Objective Previous studies of disparities in breast and cervical cancer screenings have focused on broad racial/ethnic groups or nativity status without accounting for immigration histories. Recent theoretical work argues for using intersectional approaches and examining within-group inequalities. Utilizing multiple years of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data, we examined between- and within-group Papanicolaou (Pap) test and mammogram screening based on nativity and length of U.S. residence for Asian and Hispanic women, along with non-Hispanic Black and White women. Design The study samples consist of 54,900 women ages 21–64 without a hysterectomy who responded to questions about Pap test screening and 36,300 women ages 40–64 who responded to questions about mammogram screening. Asian and Hispanic women were further stratified by nativity and, for immigrants, length of time in the United States. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant associations with Pap test and mammogram screenings. Results Recent Asian and Hispanic immigrants had the lowest Pap test and mammogram rates among all other groups, while Black (and White women for mammograms) women had the highest rates. After accounting for age, marital status, health insurance, education, employment status, and income, both Asian groups had lower odds, and Black and all Hispanic groups had higher odds of Pap test screening compared with White women. Similar results were observed for mammogram screening, except that long-term immigrant/U.S.-born Asian and U.S.-born Hispanic women did not have significantly different odds compared with White women. In general, the strength and direction of most sociodemographic variables were similar across groups for Pap test screening but differed for mammogram screening. Conclusions The between-group differences identified emphasize the disparities in screening between racial/ethnic groups while the within-group differences suggest the need to examine whether more targeted outreach efforts and prevention messages can increase screening for specific groups.