Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carcass characteristics of steers of different genetic predominance fed diets containing levels of substitution of corn grain by millet grain

This study aimed to assess the carcass and meat characteristics of European crossbred young bulls or Zebu crossbred young bulls feedlot finished with diets with high percentage of concentrate (80%) containing different levels of grounded millet grain as replacement for grounded corn grain (0, 33, 66 and 100%). Forty-five young bulls with genotype predominance of Aberdeen Angus and forty-four young bulls with genotype predominance Nellore with average initial weight of 317.8 and 320.7 kg, respectively, and average age of 21 month, were allocated in 16 collective pens. At the end of the finishing period were slaughtered six animals of each genetic group, chosen according to the body weight and degree of finishing each treatment. The experimental design was the completely randomized design with treatments in a 4x2 factorial arrangement using six replicates. The replacement of corn grain by millet grain did not significantly influence slaughter weight (480.4 kg), hot carcass weight (259.5 kg), carcass yield (54.1%) and subcutaneous fat thickness (3.95 mm). Young bulls with genotype predominance of Aberdeen Angus showed significantly higher values for slaughter weight (507.6 vs. 453.3 kg), hot carcass weight (269.6 vs. 249.3 kg) and longissimus dorsi area (65.34 vs 56.83 cm2), however, were lower in carcass yield (53.2 vs. 55.00%). Millet grain can be used in substitution to corn grain for finishing steers since it does not change carcass traits of economic interest.
Endocrinology: Immunoactive interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α in thecal, stromal and granulosa cell cultures from normal and polycystic ovaries

Previous studies of follicular fluid from stimulated human ovaries have shown detectable amounts of immunoactive interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). Other reports have shown the presence of IL-1 receptors, mRNA and antagonists for IL-1 in the human ovary. The aim of this study was to measure IL-1 and TNF concentrations in follicular fluid from unstimulated normal or polycystic ovaries (PCO) as well as concentrations in media conditioned by granulosa cells or thecal or stromal tissue. TNF concentrations were easily detected in follicular fluid (77 fmol/ml, range 20-95) and concentrations in PCO were similar to those in normal ovaries (70 versus 82 fmol/ml). TNF was virtually undetectable in all tissue culture media. IL-1 concentrations in all culture media were readily detected but showed no differences between different tissues or between PCO and normal ovaries. It was concluded that human ovaries readily produce immunoactive IL-1 in culture but produce less TNF despite detectable amounts of TNF in follicular fluid. There appears to be no difference between PCO and normal ovaries with respect to IL-1 and TNF.
Etude de la croissance rythmique chez de jeunes manguiers (Mangifera indica L.). Troisième partie : Croissance et développement de jeunes manguiers

La tige feuillee monopodiale est constituee par l'enchainement d'unites de croissance, edifiees suivant un meme modele, au cours de vagues de croissance successives. Grâce a l'utilisation de techniques histologiques, on a mis en evidence des composants moins visibles : initiation des feuilles par le meristeme terminal ou differenciation des cellules du xyleme secondaire
Keratin alterations during embryonic epidermal differentiation: a presage of adult epidermal maturation

Differentiation of the epidermis during embryonic rabbit development was found to be accompanied by dramatic changes in keratin proteins. Immunofluorescent labeling with keratin antiserum revealed that the undifferentiated epithelium of 12-d embryos was already committed to making keratin proteins. At 18 d of embryogenesis, the epithelium contained keratin proteins in the molecular weight range of 40,000- 59,000. The stratification of the epithelium into two cell layers at 20 d of development coincided with the appearance of a 65-kdalton keratin. When a thick stratum corneum developed at 29 d, several additional keratins became prominent, most notably the large keratins (61- and 64- kdalton) and a 54-kdalton keratin. In addition, the 40-kdalton keratin, which had been present in earlier embryonic epidermis, disappeared. Newborn epidermis resembled that of a 29-d embryonic epidermis, with the exception of the appearance or increase in concentration of two more keratin species (46- and 50-kdalton). In vitro culturing of keratinocytes from 12- and 14-d embryonic skin demonstrated that these cells contained essentially the same keratin profiles as the undifferentiated epithelium of 18-d embryos (40-59 kdalton). Keratinocytes grown from older embryos contained increased amounts of keratin, similar to the in vivo situation, but did not synthesize the high molecular weight keratins. The changes observed during embryonic epidermal differentiation appear to be recapitulated during the sequential maturation steps of adult epidermis.
Grain yield of cultivated and weedy rice to water stress at reproductive stage

Rice grown in tropical regions is often exposed to short period of water stress during its growth. Yield reduction due to water stress depends on the genotype, duration of stress and crop development stage at which it occurs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-anthesis water stress on yield and yield components of cultivated varieties and weedy rice strains. Two widely cultivated varieties of MR219 and MR232, and two weedy rice strains of Bertam and Ketara were grown in polybags in rice culture system like situations. Water stress condition was then applied for 10 days prior to anthesis phase. The results of the study indicated that water stress for 10 days prior to anthesis can cause drastic reduction on seed yield components in both cultivated varieties and weedy rice strains thereby grain yield. The yield reduction due to water stress was comparatively less in weedy rice strains (76.71%) than in cultivated rice varieties (83.66%) due to less reduction of pollen viability and grain size.
Breeding for Multiple Disease Resistance in Sugarbeet : Registration of FC220 and FC221

FC220 (Reg. No. GP-263, PI 651015) and FC221 (Reg. No. GP-264, PI 651016) sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) germplasm were released from 05-FC1030-15 (Sp) and 05-FC1030-16 (Sp) seed lots, respectively, and tested under those designations and as 03-FC1030-15 and 03-FC1030-16, respectively. They were developed by the USDA–ARS, at Fort Collins, CO, and at Salinas, CA, in cooperation with the Beet Sugar Development Foundation, Denver, CO. FC220 and FC221 are multigerm sugarbeet germplasm in fertile cytoplasm, segregating for self-fertility and hypocotyl color. Both have resistance to root-rotting strains (AG-2-2) of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and are segregating for the Rz1 gene, which confers resistance to some strains of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus, the causal agent of rhizomania. These germplasm have moderate resistance to Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechs. , which causes aphanomyces root rot (aphanomyces black root). FC221 is moderately resistant to curly top caused by Beet severe curly top virus. FC220 is resistant to the sugarbeet root aphid (Pemphigus sp.). Both germplasm are moderately susceptible to cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. FC220 and FC221 have favorable yield characteristics when evaluated as lines or in experimental hybrids under rhizomania conditions at Salinas, CA. Under these conditions, FC220, as a line and in hybrid combinations, had a slight to signifi cantly higher sucrose concentration than FC221.
Bracken Distribution in Great Britain: Strategies for its Control and the Sustainable Management of Marginal Land

Bracken is often perceived as a widespread and increasing land management problem. The pollen record of a wide range of sites in Great Britain suggests that the current abundance of bracken is less than or, at worst, equivalent to maximum historical levels. Recently gathered data also suggest that bracken cover is declining. Results of risk assessments of land use change, and experimental and modelling investigations into the effects of climate change are synthesized. This synthesis suggests that there is the potential for increased bracken dominance in northern Britain, spread into new areas at high altitudes, and possible spread into areas with reduced grazing. However, this must be set against any changes in the extent of other vegetation types at the expense of bracken. There is now a long history of bracken control, both in Great Britain and globally. Conventional methods of control (cutting, asulam application) are well understood, but many control attempts do not result in long-term success, as control is often not followed by aftercare. Bracken control is just one part of the process to ensure a sustainable use of resources and to maintain biodiversity. A coherent strategy for bracken control is put forward, a necessary part of which includes the restoration of vegetation and subsequent land management which takes into account an understanding of bracken ecology.
Social structure of Risso’s dolphins (Grampus griseus) at the Azores: a stratified community based on highly associated social units

In this study, we present for the first time a model for the social structure of Risso’s dolphins (Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812). Over the period 2004–2006, 1028 Risso’s dolphins were identified at Pico island, Azores. Individuals sighted on 10 or more occasions were included in the analysis of social structure (n = 183). High resighting rates indicate strong site fidelity for at least part of the population. We found that individuals form stable, long-term bonds organised in pairs or in clusters of 3–12 individuals. Social structure is stratified based on age and sex classes, with strong associations between adult males and between adult females. We suggest that clusters form the basic units of Risso’s dolphin society. Thirteen pods consisting solely of adults, likely males, and 3 pods consisting of mother–calf pairs were identified. Males are organised in stable, long-term associations of varying size that occur throughout the complete range of behavioural states observed. For females, associations can be of similar strength, but the time scale may vary depending on the presence of nursing calves. As subadults, associations also occur (pair formation), but are less stable than those observed for adults. We propose a new model for Risso’s dolphin societies known as a stratified social organisation, which differs from the fission–fusion and matrilineal society models.
THE INCORPORATION OF [14C]GLYCINE INTO THE PROTEIN OF GUINEA PIG BRAIN CORTEX SLICES

WITHIN recent years circumstantial evidence has accumulated in favour of the view that brain tissue is very inactive in protein metabolism; it was observed by several workers that the in v i m incorporation of [14C]amino acid into brain protein after the intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of labelled amino acid was very low compared with that into other tissue protein (SPRINSON and RITTENBERG, 1949; TARVER and MORSE, 1948). However, GAITONDE and RICHTER (1956) found that after intracisternal administration, labelled amino acids were incorporated rapidly into brain protein and indicated that the low incorporation observed in the previous experiments was due to the low permeability of the blood-brain barrier to amino acids. LAJTHA, FURST, GERSTEIN and WAELSCH (1957) used intravenous administration of [14C]lysine and arrived at a fairly high value for the cerebral protein turnover rate by measuring the specific activities of free as well as protein bound amino acids in the brain. Furthermore, GREENBERG et al. (1948) reported that the incorporation of [14C]glycine into protein by brain homogenate was of the same order as that by liver homogenate. Our recent experiments indicated that [14C]leucine was incorporated into the proteins of the guinea pig cerebral cortex and liver in a cell-free system (SATAKE, MASE, TAKAHASHI and OGATA, 1960). In order to obtain some characteristic of protein synthesis in brain tissues, the [14C]glycine uptake into protein by brain slices was observed under various conditions, and comparison was made between incorporation of radioactivity by brain slices and that by liver slices. A preliminary report of some of these experiments has appeared (OGATA, TAKAHASHI and MASE, 1957).
The Foliicolous Lichen Flora of Mexico II. New Species from the Montane Forest in Oaxaca and Puebla

Abstract Five new species of foliicolous lichens are described from the montane forest in the States of Oaxaca and Puebla of Mexico. All new taxa belong to the family Gomphillaceae (Ostropales): Gyalectidium nashii sp. nov., G. paolae sp. nov., G. rosae-emiliae sp. nov., Gyalideopsis applanata sp. nov. (also known from Costa Rica and Guyana), and Tricharia oaxacae sp. nov. In addition, pycnidia are described for Fellhanera naevia (Vain.) Lücking & Cáceres, and diahyphae for Tricharia subalbostrigosa Lücking.
RATE OF GROWTH, AGE AT SEXUAL MATURITY, AND DURATION OF LIFE OF CERTAIN SESSILE ORGANISMS, AT WOODS HOLE, MASSACHUSETTS

Although Balanus, Hydroides and Teredo become sexually mature and spawn during their first season when they are only two months old, they spawn most abundantly during their second season when they are one year of age. Each of them spawns several times during the second summer.Bugula, Botryllus and various hydroids, on the other hand, spawn principally before they are two months old and it is doubtful if they ever survive for a full year. Some of the most prolific animals seem not to live more than a year and they owe their great abundance to their production of several generations in a single summer.These characteristics of organisms in a measure account for the abundant life of the sea and of the rapid rehabilitation of certain species after depletion. Although the sessile animals studied do not survive for more than one or two years such animals as Cumingia, Chœtopleura, and Ostrea often live from four to six years and spawn several times each year.The surprising discovery of this study was the great ra.
Chemical and biological evaluation of palythoa tuberculosa collected from the red sea

ii DECLARATION . iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv DEDICATION . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . ix LIST OF FIGURES . xii LIST OF TABLES . xvii LIST OF SCHEMES . xviii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW . 2 1.
Resting stages in the life cycle of Eudiaptomus graciloides (Lill.) (Copepoda : Calanoida) in Lake Glubokoe

Seasonal changes in the abundance, age composition, vertical distribution, lipid and protein body content, development rates in the older copepodids (CIV and CV) and reproduction charac- teristics were studied in Eudiaptomus graciloides in the mesotrophic Lake Glubokoe (Moscow region). Two periods of reproduction were observed: spring and late summer/autumn. The older cope- podids, having accumulated lipid reserves during phytoplankton bloom, descended into the meta- and hypolimnion at the beginning of the summer. These copepods did not feed, but instead consumed their lipid reserves. A considerable delay in development (up to 40-60 days) of CIVs and CVs was found. The descended CIVs and CVs incubated under ambient temperature developed 4-5 times slower than their surface counterparts, while temperature dependence could only account for a 2-fold slow down. The descended copepods are believed to form a summer resting stock. In October, females began to produce resting eggs. The period of switching from subitaneous to resting egg production was very brief, not longer than 2-3 weeks. The percentage of subitaneous eggs produced in mid- October tended to increase when females were exposed to an increased photoperiod. At the beginning of February, latent eggs kept in a cooling container in the darkness started hatching. This process could be speeded up under natural photoperiod and increased temperature. The over- wintering population consisted largely of adults. Thus, E.graciloides includes three types of diapause in the life cycle: resting eggs, summer resting stage at CIV—CV, and overwintering adults.
The costs of copulating in the dung fly Sepsis cynipsea

Finding, assessing, rejecting, and copulating with a mate is assumed to carry fitness costs, particularly for females, that have to be traded off against fitness benefits of mating such as increased fecundity, fertility, longevity, or better quality offspring. Female dung flies, Sepsis cynipsea (Diptera: Sepsidae), typically attempt to dislodge mounted males harassing them by vigorous shaking. Shaking duration has been shown to reflect both direct and indirect female choice in this species. The latter is an expression of the females' general reluctance to mate due to presumed costs of mating. We investigated the costs of copulation in the laboratory. Females were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups and allowed to copulate either not at all, once, or twice. The males' armored genitalia injured females internally during copula. Injuries were visible as sclerotized scars in the female ovipositor, and their occurrence increased with mating frequency. Presumably due to these injuries, mated females showed higher mortality. This effect was statistically independent from additional costs of reproduction related to oviposition, as copulation also increased lifetime egg production and tended to augment oviposition rate (eggs per day), while fertility (proportion of offspring emerged) was unaffected. We thus found high mortality costs of copulating, indicating substantial sexual conflict, which helps explain female reluctance to mate in this species. Copyright 2002.
Masking of host plant odour in the olfactory orientation of the Colorado potato beetle

The odour of potato plants Solanum tuberosum L. , elicits a true odour‐conditioned positive anemotaxis in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. Blending the odour of non‐host plant species, namely wild tomatoes Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum C.H. Mull or cabbage Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC. , with the attractive host plant odour blocks the release of upwind responses in non‐experienced as well as experienced females. The neutralization of the beetle's orientation responses is obtained without repellency. It is expected that masking of host plant odour occurs often in mixed cropping systems.
Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial properties of six Sapindaceae members

Free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities were determined for six Sapindaceae members namely: Allophylus africanus, Cardiospermum grandiflorum, Blighia sapida, Blighia unijugata, Deinbollia pinnata and Zanha golungensis used for the treatment of wounds, inflammation and infectious diseases in South Western Nigeria. The antioxidant activities were determined by 2,2′-azinobis-3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and FRAP assays. Five of the plant species produced above 70% inhibition of ABTS radicals at 0.02 mg/ml. A concentration dependent inhibition of DPPH radicals ranging between 33.8 and 99.2% at 0.1 mg/ml was observed. The ferric reducing capacity was comparable with that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid. Positive correlation (R2 = 0.9359) was found between total phenolics content and DPPH antioxidant activity of the plant extracts. In the antibacterial study, the plant extracts were more active against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria. The most susceptible bacterium was B. cereus. Extracts from B. sapida and B. unijugata did not show any activity on the tested organisms even at 2.0 mg/ml. None of the extracts exhibited activity againstSerratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonae. The strongest antibacterial activity was found in A. africanus and C. grandiflorum extracts. Among the six Sapindaceae species, A. africanus had the best antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Key words: Antioxidant, antibacterial, Sapindaceae, polyphenolic contents.
Heterosis and combining ability analysis in Indian mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.

Heterosis and combining ability were studied in 8 x 8 diallel set of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss]. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed the presence of genetic variability due to gca among the parents and due to sca among the crosses for all the traits. The gca and sca ratio indicated that non-additive gene action was predominant for the inheritance of all the traits except days to 50% flowering, plant height, length of siliquae, seeds per siliquae and 1000 seed weight for which additive gene action was more important. Parents GM-2 and IC-560696 were good general combiners for seed yield per plant and its related attributes. On the basis of per se performance and estimates of heterosis hybrids, IC-491446 x IC-560696, IC-560696 x Vardan and Laxmi x GM-2 were found to be most promising for seed yield and other desirable traits, hence, could be further evaluated to exploit the heterosis or utilized in future breeding programme to obtain desirable segregants for the development of superior genotypes. The maximum positive significant heterosis over better parent for seed yield was observed in the hybrids IC-491446 x IC-560696 (45.31%) Laxmi x GM-2 (41.93%) and IC-560696 x Vardan (16.37%). The gca and sca mean squares were significant for aphid resistance. The dominance ratio (gca/sca) indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene effects for the inheritance of aphid resistance. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that parents GM-1 and GM-3 were good general combiner for aphid resistance. The estimates of specific combining ability effects revealed that the cross combinations viz., IC-491446 x GM-2, IC-560696 x Vardan, IC-491446 x GM-1, Laxmi x Vardan and Laxmi x IC-560696 were observed to be most promising for aphid resistance. The morphological characters of plant viz., siliquae per plant, seeds per siliquae and yield per plant were negatively correlated with the peak aphid population. The oil content was negatively correlated with peak aphid population while, protein content was positively correlated with peak aphid population.
Habitat use and movement activity of two common predatory water bug species, Nepa cinerea L., 1758 and Ilyocoris cimicoides (L., 1758) (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha): field and laboratory observations

Predatory invertebrates play a significant role in the organisation of aquatic communities. However, their ecology is poorly known even for many common taxa. We examined the meso-habitat use and aspects of movement activity of two common predatory water bug species Ilyocoris cimicoides (L., 1758) and Nepa cinerea L. , 1758 under field and laboratory conditions in order to assess the effect of the patchiness on habitat choice. Ilyocoris cimicoides preferred open habitats, rich in submerged vegetation, without submerged terrestrial materials. Shaded habitats such as under trees, with moderately dense vegetation and submerged branches, were favoured by N. cinerea. Both laboratory and field data indicated differences in the short-term and similarity in the long-term movement behaviour of the two species. In the short-term, I. cimicoides moved frequently, while N. cinerea moved rarely, but the distance visited over the course of a longer time span is comparable.