Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are ninth-grade students aware and prepared when disaster strikes?

Awareness and preparedness are good preventive practices that can lessen the impacts of natural and man-made hazards. This descriptive cross-sectional study ascertained the extent of awareness and preparedness of ninth-grade students in terms of natural hazards and man-made disasters. The study involved 103 respondents in two public secondary schools in Zambales, Philippines. The study found out that the students have a high self-reported awareness of the different disasters, and they assessed themselves to be often prepared for the occurrences of the different disasters. The students’ disaster awareness had a significant moderate correlation with disaster preparedness. The study recommends that the students be exposed to several disaster awareness and preparedness programs to develop their understanding and preventive practices. The students' awareness of several disasters may be sustained and enhanced through various media like audio-visual presentations, posters, and IEC (information, education, and communication) materials. As students become more aware of disasters, they become more prepared for disasters. Hence, the environmental education curriculum can accentuate disaster science and management teaching to young learners as they are crucial actors in disaster preparedness, response, and mitigation
Compact Ga2O3 Thin Films Deposited by Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition at Low Temperature

Amorphous Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) thin films were grown by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition using O2 plasma as reactant and trimethylgallium as a gallium source. The growth rate of the Ga2O3 films was about 0.6 Å/cycle and was acquired at a temperature ranging from 80 to 250 °C. The investigation of transmittance and the adsorption edge of Ga2O3 films prepared on sapphire substrates showed that the band gap energy gradually decreases from 5.04 to 4.76 eV with the increasing temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that all the Ga2O3 thin films showed a good stoichiometric ratio, and the atomic ratio of Ga/O was close to 0.7. According to XPS analysis, the proportion of Ga3+ and lattice oxygen increases with the increase in temperature resulting in denser films. By analyzing the film density from X-ray reflectivity and by a refractive index curve, it was found that the higher temperature, the denser the film. Atomic force microscopic analysis showed that the surface roughness values increased from 0.091 to 0.187 nm with the increasing substrate temperature. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy investigation showed that Ga2O3 films grown at temperatures from 80 to 200 °C were amorphous, and the Ga2O3 film grown at 250 °C was slightly crystalline with some nanocrystalline structures.
Numerical Investigation on Turbine Flow Field and Performance of Underwater Vehicle

A three-dimensional,viscous,steady CFD analysis is performed to investigate turbine flow field and performance of underwater vehicle by solving RANS-Navier-Stocks equations and RNG turbulence model.The flow detail and loss in turbine are studied for on-design and off-design conditions.The effect factor on turbine efficiency under off-design condition is analyzed.The results show that shock wave and flow separation occur in turbine under on-design condition,flow losses are caused by clearance flow in turbine.The turbine performance is degraded rapidly due to higher flow loss in nozzle as the back pressure increases under off-design condition.The predicted turbine efficiency agrees well with the test data.
Effects of Aloysia citriodora Hydroalcoholic Extract on Ethanol-induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats

Background: Chronic ethanol consumption presents toxic effects on liver tissue by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of lemon verbena were established. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Aloysia citriodora (A. citriodora) on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats by evaluating inflammatory and oxidative stress factors. Methods: The study animals were randomly divided into 7 groups, (6/group) including control, extract alone (400mg/kg), ethanol 10 mg/kg, vitamin C 500 mg/kg + ethanol 10 mg/kg, and the fifth, sixth and seventh groups respectively received an intraperitoneal injection of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of A. citriodora extract plus ethanol once a day for 6 weeks. Oxidative stress parameters, such as glutathione content, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, and reactive oxygen species were measured. Furthermore, inflammation parameters (nitric oxide) and liver damage were evaluated by determining the levels of liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and histopathological examinations. Results: In the liver tissue of the ethanol-receiving group, a significant increase (P<0.001) was observed in ALT, AST, and ALP levels and pathological changes, compared to the control group. There was also a significant increase in the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. Interestingly, A. citriodora extract could inhibit ethanol-induced liver damage by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusion: A. citriodora extract significantly attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress caused by ethanol. Therefore, it can be suggested as a beneficial supplement for treating ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity.
Preparation of Electrospun Active Molecules Membrane Application to Atmospheric Free Radicals

Atmospheric reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the process of air pollution and oxidative damage to organisms. The analysis of ROS was carried out by the capture-derivative method. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare an effective molecular membrane to trap and detect ROS. Electrospinning membranes were prepared by combining the electrospinning technique with chrysin, baicalein, scutellarin, genistein, quercetin, and baicalin. By comparing the structures of the membranes before and after the reaction, the fluorescence enhancement characteristics of the reactive molecular membranes and the atmospheric radicals were studied. The ability of the active molecular membranes to trap atmospheric radicals was also studied. It was found that the genistein active molecular membrane had good trapping ability in four environments. The fluorescence enhancement rates in ROS, OH radical and O3 simulated environments were 39.32%, 7.99% and 11.92%, respectively. The fluorescence enhancement rate in atmospheric environment was 16.16%. Indeed, the sites where the atmospheric radicals react with the active molecular membranes are discussed. It is found that it is mainly related to the 5,7 phenolic hydroxyl of ring A, catechol structure and the coexistence structure of 4′ phenolic hydroxyl of ring B and 7 phenolic hydroxyl of ring A. Therefore, the genistein molecular membrane has shown great potential in its trapping ability and it is also environmentally friendly.
Literature Review on Surveys Investigating the Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles

Due to the potential of autonomous vehicles to offer a multitude of advantages to the travelers and therefore influence their daily routines, it is essential to monitor the public? s opinion on this particular technological development. The goal of a number of surveys in recent years was therefore not only to elicit the general acceptance of the technology, but to additionally explore when, how and why respondents were inclined to make us of it. This is the first literature review on surveys regarding autonomous vehicles with the intention to investigate the various methods currently being applied and the conclusions they lead to. In addition to comparing the general results in terms of the distributions of the response variables, the surveyed explanatory variables are categorized and analyzed according to their influence in different experiments. Based on these investigations, this review identifies research gaps that can be addressed in future experiments.
Mental context reinstatement improves adults’ reports of additional details from two instances of a repeated event

ABSTRACT Remembering specific episodes of a repeated event can be challenging for witnesses. A mental context reinstatement (MCR) instruction increases the number of accurate details that adults report about a single (i.e., non-repeated) event; we examined whether it is similarly beneficial for adults’ reports of a repeated event. Ninety-six participants completed four activity sessions over 2 weeks. One week after the final session, participants were interviewed about two episodes: the time that they could remember best and another time. Two groups of participants received a MCR instruction: MCR1 participants were given a MCR instruction before reporting the time they remembered best, while MCR2 participants were given the same instruction as well as a “refresher” instruction before they reported on another time. Control participants did not receive any MCR instructions. Interview condition did not affect participants’ reports of memory items from the activities. However, MCR1 and MCR2 participants reported more additional details – that is, unverifiable details from before, during and after the activities – than control participants. They were also more likely to spontaneously report the name of the research assistant who conducted the activities. Our results provide initial support for the use of a MCR instruction to support adults’ recall of repeated events.
Flight Capability and the Low Temperature Threshold of a Chinese Field Population of the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda

Simple Summary The fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive migratory pest from the Americas, has been rapidly spreading through the Old World recently. Although it cannot survive winter periods in temperate and subtropical regions, adults re-invade these areas each spring or summer by virtue of their migratory capability. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the flight capability of FAW moths for monitoring and predicting the range and timing of this migration. In this study, we demonstrate that the potential migration duration (and thus distance) of a field population of FAW from South China is significantly greater than previously estimated. A strong migratory tendency was observed in 58% of individuals, and the longest self-powered flight distance was 116.7 km with a cumulative flight duration of 36.51 h during a 48-h period. Furthermore, our study documented that the low temperature threshold for flight of FAW was 13.1 °C. The results of this paper will be helpful to further understand the migratory rules and flight behavior of FAW, and to provide a theoretical basis for pest forecasting and pest control. Abstract The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is capable of long-distance migration; thus, evaluation of its flight capability is relevant to the design of monitoring and control strategies for this pest. Previous studies have quantified the flight ability of lab-reared populations under controlled conditions, but less is known about the flight capability of natural populations. In addition, the low temperature threshold for flight in natural populations also needs to be determined. In this study, the flight capability of S. frugiperda adults emerging from field-collected larvae in South China was measured by a flight mill system. The results show that the flight capability of S. frugiperda moths varied greatly between individuals, and that some adults are capable of flying great distances. The longest self-powered flight distance was 116.7 km with a cumulative flight duration of 36.51 h during a 48-h period. Typically, the flight activity of tethered individuals was relatively stable during the first 12 h, indicating that migrating moths can fly through an entire night. Based on the accumulated flight duration in the first 12 h, moths can be clearly divided into two groups (<5 h and ≥5 h flight duration), and 58% of individuals belonged to the latter group with strong migratory tendency. Further, flight activity under low temperature conditions was tested, and the results of a logit generalized linear model indicate that the low temperature flight threshold of S. frugiperda is 13.1 °C under declining temperatures. Our results provide a scientific basis for further elucidating the flight biology and migration mechanism of S. frugiperda.
Studying the impact of corporate governance on earning management with the mediating role of financial leverage

The present study aims to investigate the impact of corporate governance on the profit management of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2014-2020. This study is experimental and the research method is correlational. The statistical population includes all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The required data were collected by referring to the audited financial statements of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over a period of 7 years for 120 companies. Eviews-10 software was also used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is no significant systematic relationship between corporate governance characteristics (board independence, duality of the CEO, and the number of board meetings) and abnormal operating cash flows at any of the significant levels (p> 0.01, p> 0.05, 0.10). Moreover, the results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between financial leverage and earning management of companies because the probability value of this variable (0.02) is less than the standard value of 0.05. In addition, the findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship among financial leverage, corporate governance, and earnings management.
Improving reading comprehension skill through Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) learning strategy

The problem in this research is the students' reading comprehension skills in English. The purpose of this study to investigate the improvement in reading comprehension skills of VIII grade students of SMP Negeri 5 Manda in Maros Regency. This type of research is experimental research. The technique of collecting data is done by using a test technique. The test instrument is in the form of multiple-choice questions tested before and after being treated with learning strategies. The data analysis technique used the t-test. Based on the calculation of the difference test, the average value of the data in the t-test for the equations of means column has a significance value of 0.025> 0.000, so H0 is rejected, so it can be concluded that the Listening-Read-Discuss (LRD) Learning Strategy can be used to improve reading comprehension skills in students.
The Genetic and Molecular Analyses of RAD51C and RAD51D Identifies Rare Variants Implicated in Hereditary Ovarian Cancer from a Genetically Unique Population

Simple Summary We have investigated RAD51C and RAD51D, hereditary ovarian cancer risk genes, in French Canadians of Quebec, Canada. This population of Western European origins exhibits a unique genetic landscape as shown by the frequency of carriers of specific rare pathogenic variants. As studying French Canadians could facilitate the identification and interpretation of clinically relevant variants, we performed genetic analyses of RAD51C and RAD51D in this population comprised of cases with a family history of ovarian cancer or those who developed it at a young age. We identified candidate variants and then investigated them in other French Canadian study groups. We performed biological assays and revealed possible mechanisms that would affect gene function. Using engineered cells expressing one of our protein variants, we also showed that they were more sensitive to a recently approved treatment for ovarian cancer. Our findings support the role of inherited variants in RAD51C and RAD51D in ovarian cancer. Abstract To identify candidate variants in RAD51C and RAD51D ovarian cancer (OC) predisposing genes by investigating French Canadians (FC) exhibiting unique genetic architecture. Candidates were identified by whole exome sequencing analysis of 17 OC families and 53 early-onset OC cases. Carrier frequencies were determined by the genetic analysis of 100 OC or HBOC families, 438 sporadic OC cases and 1025 controls. Variants of unknown function were assayed for their biological impact and/or cellular sensitivity to olaparib. RAD51C c.414G>C;p.Leu138Phe and c.705G>T;p.Lys235Asn and RAD51D c.137C>G;p.Ser46Cys, c.620C>T;p.Ser207Leu and c.694C>T;p.Arg232Ter were identified in 17.6% of families and 11.3% of early-onset cases. The highest carrier frequency was observed in OC families (1/44, 2.3%) and sporadic cases (15/438, 3.4%) harbouring RAD51D c.620C>T versus controls (1/1025, 0.1%). Carriers of c.620C>T (n = 7), c.705G>T (n = 2) and c.137C>G (n = 1) were identified in another 538 FC OC cases. RAD51C c.705G>T affected splicing by skipping exon four, while RAD51D p.Ser46Cys affected protein stability and conferred olaparib sensitivity. Genetic and functional assays implicate RAD51C c.705G>T and RAD51D c.137C>G as likely pathogenic variants in OC. The high carrier frequency of RAD51D c.620C>T in FC OC cases validates previous findings. Our findings further support the role of RAD51C and RAD51D in hereditary OC.
THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, COMPANY’S CHARACTERISTICS AND GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (GCG) ON ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE (EMPIRICAL STUDY OF MINING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE (IDX) 2015-2019)

The study aims to determine the effect of environmental performance, company’s characteristics (company size, company age) and good corporate governance (GCG) (Board of Commissioners, Independent Commissioners and Audit Committee) on environmental disclosure. The population in this study are mining companies published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2015-2019 period. The analysis carried out in this research is descriptive statistical test, panel data testing, classical assumption test and hypothesis testing. The results indicate that the Environmental Performance variable and the Firm Size variable have a positive effect on Environmental Disclosure. The higher the PROPER score, the more components of environmental disclosure information the company discloses. The larger the size of the company as proxied by total assets, the more components of environmental disclosure the company discloses. While the variables of company age, Board of Commissioners, Independent Commissioner and Audit Committee have no effect on Environmental Disclosure.
UPTAKE OF CHEMICALS FROM INDOOR AIR: PATHWAYS AND HEALTH EFFECTS

Building occupants are exposed to manufactured chemicals. Exposure in the indoor environment can occur via non-dietary ingestion (e.g. indoor dust), inhalation and dermal absorption including dermal uptake directly from air. The extent of dermal uptake from air has been previously studied for volatile organic compounds (VOC). Not much is however known about its role for semivolatile organics (SVOC) and therefore this exposure pathway is often neglected in exposure assessments. Dermal uptake received attention with regards to contact transfer from contaminated surfaces. Recent modeling efforts however indicate that direct uptake of certain semivolatile organic compounds from air may occur. Experimental verification of this hypothesis is emerging. Recent studies have demonstrated that dermal uptake of certain phthalates directly from air can be comparable to or larger than the corresponding intake from inhalation. Further experiments have been conducted with nicotine and the results are similar. Some of the SVOCs present indoors may have adverse health effects or are categorized as potential endocrine-disrupting compounds. It has been suggested that the health effects of a chemical may depend on the pathway of exposure. However, studies that investigate the health consequences of dermal uptake of SVOCs from air are lacking. normalized dermal was 4.0 μg/(μg/m 3 in air) compared with an inhalation intake of 3.8 μg/(μg/m 3 in air). For DnBP, the median dermal uptake from air was 3.1 μg/(μg/m 3 in air) compared with an inhalation intake of 3.9 μg/(μg/m 3 in air). This study has demonstrated that for human participants following a 6-hr dermal-only exposure to elevated gas-phase concentrations of DEP and DnBP, the levels of the metabolites MEP (metabolite of DEP), MnBP, and 3OH-MnBP (both metabolites of DnBP) in urine samples collected over the next 2 days were roughly half those measured in urine samples following a 6-hr dermal plus inhalation exposure.
Assessment and optimization of a natural coagulant (Musa paradisiaca) peels for domestic wastewater treatment

Sustainable wastewater treatment necessitates the application of natural and green material in the approach. Thus, selecting a natural coagulant in wastewater treatment is a crucial step to prevent secondary environmental pollution due to residual inorganic coagulant in treated effluent. Present study investigated the application of Musa paradisiaca (banana) peels in domestic wastewater treatment. From the experimental results, the banana peels were found to have a higher yield with lower moisture content compared to the other fruit wastes. The surface charge of the banana peels was +6.53 meq/g MLSS while the recorded protein composition was 0.248 mg/L. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that banana peels has rough and pore surfaces compared to the others fruit wastes. At optimum conditions of 50 mg/L dosages, pH 4, and 100 rpm of agitational speed, the maximum turbidity removal of up to 89.9% with initial turbidity of 76 NTU was obtained. The banana peel was also evidenced in efficiently removing COD and NH4-N from domestic wastewater up to 80.0% and 62.5%, respectively. Overall, the findings suggested that Musa paradisiaca (banana) peels is efficient and suitable to be applied as the natural coagulant in treating domestic wastewater.
Botswana: A development oriented gate-keeping state

Due to a combination of exceptional economic growth and social development, Botswana has been hailed as an African developmental state. This article rejects the developmental state theory and instead attempts to build an alternative theoretical model. It argues that from the 1930s until the present, Botswana has experienced a state structure characterized by natural resource dependency, lack of economic diversification, a dual society, selective social development and a close connection between the economic and political elite. In the tentative theoretical model presented and discussed here, these are all defining traits of a gate-keeping state. It is hence argued that while Botswana's socio-economic development since independence should in no way be underestimated, it is better understood as the efforts of a development-oriented gate-keeping state rather than a developmental state. (Less)