Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Work Hours on Depressive Symptoms among Koreans Aged 45 and Over

Background: Given the documented importance of employment for middle-aged and older adults’ mental health, studies of the association between their number of work hours and depressive symptoms are needed. Objectives: To examine the association between the number of work hours and depressive symptoms in Korean aged 45 and over. Methods: We used data from the first wave to fourth wave of the Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging. Using the first wave at baseline, data included 9845 individuals. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. We performed a longitudinal analysis to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms by work hours. Results: Both unemployed males and females aged 45–65 years were associated with higher depressive symptoms (β = 0.59, p < 0.001; β = 0.32, p < 0.001). Females working ≥ 69 h were associated with higher depressive symptoms compared to those working 41–68 h (β = 0.25, p = 0.013). Among those both middle-aged and older adults, both males and females unemployed were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Those middle-aged female working ≥69 h were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Conclusions: An increase in depressive symptoms was associated with unemployed males and females working ≥69 h compared to those working 41–68 h. Although this association was found among middle-aged individuals, a decrease in depressive symptoms in both sexes was associated with working 1–40 h. Depressive symptoms should decrease by implementing employment policies and social services to encourage employers to support middle-aged and older adults in the workforce considering their sex and age differences.
A Hierarchical Structure Approach to Finite-Time Filter Design for Fuzzy Markov Switching Systems With Deception Attacks

This work is concerned with the issue of finite-time filter design for a type of Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy Markov switching system (MSSs) with deception attacks (DAs). In view of communication network security, the randomly occurring DAs are considered in the measurement output (MO), in which the malicious unknown but bounded signals are launched by the adversary. Notably, to characterize the fallibility of the communication links between the MO and the filter, the packet dropouts, DAs, and quantization effects are taken into account simultaneously, which signifies that the resulting system is much more applicable than the existing results. Meanwhile, to deal with the phenomenon of asynchronous switching, a hierarchical structure approach is adopted, which involves the existing nonsynchronous/synchronous strategy as special cases. By means of a fuzzy-basis-dependent Lyapunov strategy, sufficient criteria are formulated such that the resulting system is stochastic finite-time boundedness under randomly occurring DAs. Finally, a double-inverted pendulum model and a numerical example are provided to validate the feasibility of the attained method.
Clinical Evaluation of MR-Gated Respiratory Motion Correction in Simultaneous PET/MRI.

PURPOSE The recently available gated T1-weighted imaging with the Dixon technique enables the synchronized gating signal for both MR acquisition and PET reconstruction. Herein, we evaluated the clinical value of this MR-gated PET reconstruction in the thoracic-abdominal PET/MRI compared with non-MR-gated method. METHODS Twenty patients (28 hypermetabolic target lesions) underwent PET/MRI. Four types of PET images were reconstructed: non-MR-gating + gated attenuation correction (AC) (group A), MR-gating + gated AC (group B), non-MR-gating + breath-hold (BH) AC (group C), and MR-gating + BH AC (group D). A 4-point objective scale (from well match to obvious mismatch was scored from 3 to 0) was proposed to evaluate the mismatch. The detection rate and quantitative metrics were also evaluated. RESULTS In the patient-based analysis, for groups A through D, the detection rates were 90%, 100%, 85%, and 90% as well as 95%, 100%, 85%, and 85%, assessed by readers 1 and 2, respectively, and significant difference of mismatch score was observed with the highest proportion of 3 points in group B (85%, 90%, 35%, and 40%, and 80%, 90%, 35%, and 20%, assessed by readers 1 and 2, respectively). The lesion-based analysis demonstrated significant differences in quantitative metrics for groups A through D (all P's < 0.05), with the highest quantitative metrics in group B (SUVmax: 7.49 ± 3.37, 8.45 ± 3.82, 6.90 ± 3.24, and 7.69 ± 3.50; SUVmean: 3.90 ± 1.60, 4.34 ± 1.84, 3.67 ± 1.61, and 4.03 ± 1.81; SUVpeak: 5.60 ± 2.50, 6.10 ± 2.80, 5.22 ± 2.40, and 5.65 ± 2.68; signal-to-noise ratio: 136.06 ± 90.58, 136.24 ± 81.63, 99.52 ± 53.16, and 107.57 ± 69.05). CONCLUSIONS The MR-gated reconstruction using gated AC reduced the mismatch between MR and PET images and improved the thoracic-abdominal PET image quality in simultaneous PET/MRI systems.
Chronic Oleoylethanolamide Treatment Decreases Hepatic Triacylglycerol Level in Rat Liver by a PPARγ/SREBP-Mediated Suppression of Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Synthesis

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a naturally occurring bioactive lipid belonging to the family of N-acylethanolamides. A variety of beneficial effects have been attributed to OEA, although the greater interest is due to its potential role in the treatment of obesity, fatty liver, and eating-related disorders. To better clarify the mechanism of the antiadipogenic effect of OEA in the liver, using a lipidomic study performed by 1H-NMR, LC-MS/MS and thin-layer chromatography analyses we evaluated the whole lipid composition of rat liver, following a two-week daily treatment of OEA (10 mg kg−1 i.p.). We found that OEA induced a significant reduction in hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) content and significant changes in sphingolipid composition and ceramidase activity. We associated the antiadipogenic effect of OEA to decreased activity and expression of key enzymes involved in fatty acid and TAG syntheses, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. Moreover, we found that both SREBP-1 and PPARγ protein expression were significantly reduced in the liver of OEA-treated rats. Our findings add significant and important insights into the molecular mechanism of OEA on hepatic adipogenesis, and suggest a possible link between the OEA-induced changes in sphingolipid metabolism and suppression of hepatic TAG level.
Deletion of Sox9 in the liver leads to hepatic cystogenesis in mice by transcriptionally downregulating Sec63

Hepatic cysts are found in heterogeneous disorders with different pathogeneses, of which simple hepatic cysts and polycystic liver diseases are two major types. The process of hepatic cytogenesis for these two diseases is caused by defects in remodelling of the ductal plate during biliary tract development, which is called ductal plate malformation. SOX9 is a transcription factor participating in the process of bile duct development, and thus, its dysregulation may play important roles in hepatic cystogenesis. SEC63 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that is mutated in human autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease. However, the transcriptional regulation of SEC63 is largely unknown. In the present study, a liver‐specific Sox9 knockout (Sox9LKO) mouse was generated to investigate the roles and underlying mechanism of SOX9 in hepatic cystogenesis. We found that hepatic cysts began to be observed in Sox9LKO mice at 6 months of age. The number and size of cysts increased with age in Sox9LKO mice. In addition, the characteristics of hepatic cytogenesis, including the activation of proliferation, absence of primary cilium, and disorder of polarity in biliary epithelial cells, were detected in the livers of Sox9LKO mice. RNAi silencing of SOX9 in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBEpic) resulted in increased proliferation and reduced formation of the primary cilium. Moreover, Sec63 was downregulated in primary biliary epithelial cells from Sox9LKO mice and SEC63 in HIBEpic transfected with siSOX9. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and luciferase reporter assays further demonstrated that SOX9 transcriptionally regulated the expression of SEC63 in biliary epithelial cells. Importantly, the overexpression of SEC63 in HIBEpic partially reversed the effects of SOX9 depletion on the formation of primary cilia and cell proliferation. These findings highlight the biological significance of SOX9 in hepatic cytogenesis and elucidate a novel molecular mechanism underlying hepatic cytogenesis. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Oxidative Stress and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Oxidative stress generated on account of hyperglycemic state may lead to retinal abnormalities including DR. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the status of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), in different stages of DR severity in subjects with type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM). Methods: The cross-sectional study enrolled 148 subjects with T1DM (n = 17), T2DM (n = 96), and nondiabetic controls (n = 35). Subjects with DM were divided into 2 subgroups based on DR severity (mild-to-severe nonproliferative DR [NPDR] and proliferative DR [PDR]), and serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, SOD, and CAT were estimated. Results: Both SOD and CAT levels were lower in diabetic subjects than nondiabetic controls. A significant positive correlation was found between HbA1C level and severity of DR (p < 0.0001). Levels of SOD and CAT varied significantly with DR severity in both diabetic groups at p < 0.05. Furthermore, levels of SOD and CAT were found to decrease significantly (p < 0.001) in DR (+) compared to DR (−) patients. Also, increased levels of HbA1c were significantly associated (p < 0.001) with decreased SOD in both subgroups (NPDR and PDR). DR severity was significantly associated with SOD and CAT in the NPDR and PDR subgroups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defenses are associated with DR progression to its PDR stage.
Convergence and Divergence of Sugar and Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development

Plants adjust their growth and development through a sophisticated regulatory system integrating endogenous and exogenous cues. Many of them rely on intricate crosstalk between nutrients and hormones, an effective way of coupling nutritional and developmental information and ensuring plant survival. Sugars in their different forms such as sucrose, glucose, fructose and trehalose-6-P and the hormone family of cytokinins (CKs) are major regulators of the shoot and root functioning throughout the plant life cycle. While their individual roles have been extensively investigated, their combined effects have unexpectedly received little attention, resulting in many gaps in current knowledge. The present review provides an overview of the relationship between sugars and CKs signaling in the main developmental transition during the plant lifecycle, including seed development, germination, seedling establishment, root and shoot branching, leaf senescence, and flowering. These new insights highlight the diversity and the complexity of the crosstalk between sugars and CKs and raise several questions that will open onto further investigations of these regulation networks orchestrating plant growth and development.
Telomerase As a Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease.

Shortened telomeres have been linked to numerous chronic diseases, most importantly coronary artery disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain ill defined. Loss-of-function mutations and deletions in telomerase both accelerate telomere shortening but do not necessarily lead to a clinical phenotype associated with atherosclerosis, questioning the causal role of telomere length in cardiac pathology. The differential extranuclear functions of the 2 main components of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomerase RNA component, offer important clues about the complex relationship between telomere length and cardiovascular pathology. In this review, we critically discuss relevant preclinical models, genetic disorders, and clinical studies to elucidate the impact of telomerase in cardiovascular disease and its potential role as a therapeutic target. We suggest that the antioxidative function of mitochondrial telomerase reverse transcriptase might be atheroprotective, making it a potential target for clinical trials.
Patch Attention Layer of Embedding Handcrafted Features in CNN for Facial Expression Recognition

Recognizing facial expression has attracted much more attention due to its broad range of applications in human–computer interaction systems. Although facial representation is crucial to final recognition accuracy, traditional handcrafted representations only reflect shallow characteristics and it is uncertain whether the convolutional layer can extract better ones. In addition, the policy that weights are shared across a whole image is improper for structured face images. To overcome such limitations, a novel method based on patches of interest, the Patch Attention Layer (PAL) of embedding handcrafted features, is proposed to learn the local shallow facial features of each patch on face images. Firstly, a handcrafted feature, Gabor surface feature (GSF), is extracted by convolving the input face image with a set of predefined Gabor filters. Secondly, the generated feature is segmented as nonoverlapped patches that can capture local shallow features by the strategy of using different local patches with different filters. Then, the weighted shallow features are fed into the remaining convolutional layers to capture high-level features. Our method can be carried out directly on a static image without facial landmark information, and the preprocessing step is very simple. Experiments on four databases show that our method achieved very competitive performance (Extended Cohn–Kanade database (CK+): 98.93%; Oulu-CASIA: 97.57%; Japanese Female Facial Expressions database (JAFFE): 93.38%; and RAF-DB: 86.8%) compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
Influence of nitrogen fertilizer rates and harvesting intervals on clonal tea green leaf fatty acid levels in the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya

Tea agronomic recommendations in Lake Victoria basin are uniform, despite different regions producing teas of different qualities and yields. It is not known if these differences arise from variations in cultivars, agronomic inputs, management or the environment. A trial was conducted in Kenya to determine if noted differences persist in the same cultivar under same agronomic inputs, and management. Green leaf chemical quality precursors influence black tea quality. Unsaturated fatty acids in green tea leaves break down producing volatile flavour compounds, key tea aroma compounds. The C 6 aldehydes, alcohols and acids, heptanal, heptanol, nonanol, nonanal, E-2-nonenal, Z-2,Z-4-nonadienal and E-2,E-4-nonedienal in black tea are products of unsaturated fatty acids breakdown during processing. They impart green grassy aroma to tea thereby reducing its quality. Nitrogenous fertilizer and harvesting are the most expensive agronomic inputs in tea production. Effects of these inputs on fatty acid levels in clone BBK 35 grown in five sites in Kenya are reported herein. The shoots contained lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Linolenic acid dominated the acids followed by linoleic acid and there were significant (P<0.05) variations in the amounts of acids. The order of the other acids changed with location of production. The acids increased with rise in the rates of nitrogenous fertiliser and long plucking intervals. The rates and extent of increase in the fatty acid levels due to increasing nitrogenous fertiliser rates varied with locations leading to significant (P<0.05) interaction effects. Significant (P<0.05) interaction effects were also observed between location of production and plucking intervals, and nitrogenous fertiliser rates and plucking intervals. To produce low levels of fatty acids thereby increasing black tea quality, low levels of nitrogen and short plucking intervals are necessary. Despite using same rate of nitrogen or plucking intervals, the fatty acid levels, hence aroma quality will change with location of production. Different regions therefore require specific nitrogen fertiliser rates and plucking intervals to produce optimal amounts of fatty acids for production of high quality black tea. Development of region specific agronomic inputs is recommended to produce high quality black teas.
Accessibility Assessment of Community Care Resources Using Maximum-Equity Optimization of Supply Capacity Allocation

Equity in accessible healthcare is crucial for measuring health equity in community care policy. The most important objective of such a policy in Taiwan is empowering people and communities by improving health literacy and increasing access to healthcare resources. Using the nearest-neighbor two-step floating catchment area method, this study performed an accessibility assessment for community care resources before and after supply capacity optimization. For the target of maximum equity when allocating community care resources, taking maximum values, mean values and minimum values of the distances into consideration, three analytical allocation solutions for supply capability optimization were derived to further compare disparities in geographical accessibility. Three indicators, namely, the Gini coefficient, median minus mean and mean-squared error, were employed to assess the degree of optimization of geographical accessibility scores at the locations of the demand population and to determine the degree of geographic inequities in the allocation of community care resources. Our study proposed a method in which the minimum value of the distance is adopted as the approximate representation of distances between the service point and the locations of demand to determine the minimum value for supply capacity optimization. The study found that the method can effectively assess inequities in care resource allocation among urban and rural communities.
Interfacial Adhesion of a Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network-Based Fiber-Reinforced Composite with a High and Low-Gradient Poly(methyl methacrylate) Resin Surface

The research aimed to determine the tensile bond strength (TBS) between polymerized intact and ground fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) surfaces. FRC prepregs (a reinforcing fiber pre-impregnated with a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) resin system; everStick C&B) were divided into two groups: intact FRCs (with a highly PMMA-enriched surface) and ground FRCs (with a low PMMA gradient). Each FRC group was treated with: StickRESIN and G-Multi PRIMER. These groups were further divided into four subgroups based on the application time of the treatment agents: 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 min. Next, a resin luting cement was applied to the FRC substrates on the top of the photo-polymerized treating agent. Thereafter, weight loss, surface microhardness, and TBS were evaluated. Three-factor analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05) revealed significant differences in the TBS among the FRC groups. The highest TBS was recorded for the intact FRC surface treated with G-Multi PRIMER for 2 min (13.0 ± 1.2 MPa). The monomers and solvents of G-Multi PRIMER showed a time-dependent relationship between treatment time and TBS. They could diffuse into the FRC surface that has a higher PMMA gradient, further resulting in a high TBS between the FRC and resin luting cement.
Joining the tribe: adult circumcision among immigrant men in Israel and its traumatic aftermath

Abstract Neonatal male circumcision is closely tied to Jewish identity and is socially normative in Israel. Soon after the mass arrival of secular, uncircumcised Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union in the early 1990s, the state sponsored mass circumcision campaigns for adolescents and adult men enabling them to join the Jewish collective, socially and religiously. Some two decades later, these men break the silence exposing their traumatic experiences in the wake of this body-altering surgery. This paper builds on the narratives of these men, belonging to Generation 1.5 of Russian Israelis, emerging in online forums, media features, live events and personal interviews. Driven by social pressure and the need to belong, most young men (and their parents) consented to the operation without proper counselling and unaware of its ramifications. Men share their intimate memories of the rapid surgical procedure, painful recuperation, and their belated regrets, both aesthetic and sexual. The willingness to expose their lingering trauma signals evolving concepts of masculinity and vulnerability among these former Soviet men. Their voices join the local and international movement opposing medically-unnecessary genital surgeries of any kind – on men, women and intersex people.
Flow diverter stents in the treatment of recanalized intracranial aneurysms

Background We assessed the safety and efficacy of flow diverter stents (FDSs) in the treatment of recanalized or residual intracranial aneurysms treated endovascularly. Materials & Methods Patients whose recanalized or residual aneurysms were treated with FDSs in five tertiary hospitals were reviewed retrospectively. The patients’ demographic data, aneurysm characteristics, types of previous treatment, and clinical complications, or serious adverse events associated with FDSs, as well as the results of neurological and angiographic follow-up assessments, were recorded. Results Eighty-six patients (37 males) with 87 aneurysms were included in this study. Eighty (91.9%) aneurysms were in the anterior and seven (8.1%) in the posterior circulation. The initial treatment methods were the primary coiling or balloon remodeling technique in 69 (79.3%) and stent-assisted coiling in 18 (20.7%) aneurysms. The endovascular procedure was successful in all patients. Complications occurred in four patients, for a total complication rate of 4.6%. A technical complication developed in one patient (1.2%). An in-stent thrombosis treated with tirofiban was seen in two cases. Late in-stent stenosis exceeding 50% was treated with balloon angioplasty in one patient. The mean length of follow-up was 21.0 months. The first angiographic follow-up (3–6 months) revealed the complete occlusion of 74 aneurysms (85.1%). While 76 aneurysms (87.4%) were occluded at the last angiographic follow-up (mean: 26.0 months), 11 aneurysms (12.6%) were still filling. Morbimortality was zero. Conclusion The drawback of endovascular treatment is aneurysmal remnants or recurrences, which is safely and durably amenable to flow diversion.
Removal of citrate from PAS-III additive solution improves functional and biochemical characteristics of buffy-coat platelet concentrates stored for seven days, with or without Intercept pathogen reduction

Deterioration in quality of platelet concentrates (PCs) during storage results from the appearance of storage lesions affecting the hemostatic functions and posttransfusion survival of platelets. These lesions depend on the preparation and pathogen inactivation methods used, duration of storage, and platelet additive solutions (PASs) present in storage bags.