Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A randomised trial of dialectical behaviour therapy and the conversational model for the treatment of borderline personality disorder with recent suicidal and/or non-suicidal self-injury: An effectiveness study in an Australian public mental health service

Objectives: Borderline personality disorder is a complex mental disorder that is associated with a high degree of suffering for the individual. Dialectical behaviour therapy has been studied in the largest number of controlled trials for treatment of individuals with borderline personality disorder. The conversational model is a psychodynamic treatment also developed specifically for treatment of borderline personality disorder. We report on the outcomes of a randomised trial comparing dialectical behaviour therapy and conversational model for treatment of borderline personality disorder in a routine clinical setting. Method: Participants had a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and a minimum of three suicidal and/or non-suicidal self-injurious episodes in the previous 12 months. Consenting individuals were randomised to either dialectical behaviour therapy or conversational model and contracted for 14 months of treatment (n = 162 commenced therapy). Dialectical behaviour therapy involved participants attending weekly individual therapy, weekly group skills training and having access to after-hours phone coaching. Conversational model involved twice weekly individual therapy. Assessments occurred at baseline, mid-treatment (7 months) and post-treatment (14 months). Assessments were conducted by a research assistant blind to treatment condition. Primary outcomes were change in suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious episodes and severity of depression. We hypothesised that dialectical behaviour therapy would be more effective in reducing suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour and that conversational model would be more effective in reducing depression. Results: Both treatments showed significant improvement over time across the 14 months duration of therapy in suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury and depression scores. There were no significant differences between treatment models in reduction of suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury. However, dialectical behaviour therapy was associated with significantly greater reductions in depression scores compared to conversational model. Conclusion: This research adds to the accumulating body of knowledge of psychotherapeutic treatment of borderline personality disorder and supports the use of both dialectical behaviour therapy and conversational model as effective treatments in routine clinical settings, with some additional benefits for dialectical behaviour therapy for persons with co-morbid depression.
Co-Ordinating Systems and Behaviour In Hydra : I. Pacemaker System of the Periodic Contractions

1. A technique of recording electrical activity from an intact, essentially normal specimen of Hydra is described. 2. The existence of regularly recurring co-ordinated longitudinal contractions of the ectodermal muscles is confirmed and re-emphasized. 3. Such contractions are found to consist of a patterned series of individual coordinated contractions, each preceded by a single large, compound potential. The overall contraction, consisting of a variable number between 5 and 12 or more contractions depending on species, is thus called a contraction burst. 4. These contraction-burst potentials originate endogenously; they are considered to be the most important effector activity in Hydra . 5. Contraction-burst potentials originate in the hypostome and are conducted throughout the column at approximately 15 cm. /sec. 6. Contraction-burst patterns have been studied quantitatively in two species, showing interspecific differences between both regular contraction bursts and those associated with locomotion. 7. Certain extrinsic and intrinsic variables affect contraction-burst frequency. Daylight, and nutritional state, both modify this rate, with the former giving rise to a circadian activity cycle under natural conditions. 8. Single electric shocks usually cause a single co-ordinated muscle contraction. Such stimuli can markedly reduce endogenous contraction-burst activity. 9. Sudden illumination interrupts contraction bursts temporarily, even halting those in progress. Blue light is most effective. This stimulus has been used as a tool to investigate the properties of the pacemaker systems concerned with contraction bursts. 10. The nature and properties of these pacemakers is discussed.
Occurrence and clinical characteristics of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD): A cluster analysis in two independent community samples

Abstract Background and aims Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) is characterized by a persistent failure to control intense and recurrent sexual impulses, urges, and/or thoughts, resulting in repetitive sexual behavior that causes a marked impairment in important areas of functioning. Despite its recent inclusion in the forthcoming ICD-11, concerns regarding its assessment, diagnosis, prevalence or clinical characteristics remain. The purpose of this study was to identify participants displaying CSBD through a novel data-driven approach in two independent samples and outline their sociodemographic, sexual, and clinical profile. Methods Sample 1 included 1,581 university students (females = 56.9%; Mage = 20.58) whereas sample 2 comprised 1,318 community members (females = 43.6%; Mage = 32.37). First, we developed a new composite index to assess the whole range of CSBD symptoms based on three previously validated scales. Based on this new composite index, we subsequently identified individuals with CSBD through a cluster analytic approach. Results The estimated occurrence of CSBD was 10.12% in sample 1 and 7.81% in sample 2. Participants with CSBD were mostly heterosexual males, younger than respondents without CSBD, reported higher levels of sexual sensation seeking and erotophilia, an increased offline and especially online sexual activity, more depressive and anxious symptoms, and poorer self-esteem. Conclusions This research provides further evidence on the occurrence of CSBD based on an alternative data-driven approach, as well as a detailed and nuanced description of the sociodemographic, sexual, and clinical profile of adults with this condition. Clinical implications derived from these findings are discussed in detail.
Effects of nutritional regime on correlates of growth rate in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) : comparison of morphological and biochemical measurements

The effects of both long-term (35 d of daily feeding, feeding every second day, or starvation) and short-term (up to 15 d of refeeding following starvation) nutritional regimes on morphological (tissue-somatic indices) and biochemical measurements (RNA concentration, RNA/protein ratio, RNA/DNA ratio, and cytochrome c oxidase activity (CCO)) were investigated for a variety of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) tissues. Liver-somatic index was the morphological index most sensitive to both the long- and short-term nutritional regimes. The majority of the tissue RNA measurements demonstrated positive linear relationships with growth rate, although stomach, intestine, and white muscle were the most sensitive tissues for all the treatments. Most of the tissues examined also showed positive linear relationships with growth rate, although stomach, intestine, and white muscle were the most sensitive tissues for all the treatments. Most of the tissues examined also showed positive linear relationships between CCO specifi.
Vulnerability of Antarctic shallow invertebrate-dominated ecosystems

Human impacts threaten not only species, but also entire ecosystems. Ecosystems under stress can collapse or transition into different states, potentially reducing biodiversity at a variety of scales. Here we examine the vulnerability of Antarctic shallow invertebrate-dominated ecosystems, which may be threatened for several reasons.These unique shallow-water communities mostly consist of dark-adapted invertebrates, and rely on sea ice to create low-light marine environments. Climate change is likely to cause early breakout of seasonal sea ice in parts of Antarctica, which will dramatically increase the amount of light reaching shallow seabed. This is predicted to result in ecological regime shifts, in which invertebrate-dominated communities are replaced by macroalgal beds. Habitat for these endemic Antarctic ecosystems is globally rare, and the fragmented nature of their distribution along Antarctic coast increases their sensitivity to change. Concurrently, human activities in Antarctica are concentrated in areas where these habitats occur, compounding potential impacts. While there are clear mechanisms of threat to these ecosystems, lack of knowledge about their spatial distribution obscures predictions of potential ecosystem loss, and the likelihood of recovery. In this paper we describe these ecosystems, their association with the environment and the reasons for their vulnerability.We estimate their spatial distribution around Antarctica using sea ice and bathymetric data, and apply the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Ecosystems criteria to assess their vulnerability. Best available data suggest that shallow ice-covered ecosystems are likely Near Threatened to Vulnerable in places, although the magnitude of risk is spatially variable and requires additional data to strengthen the assessment.
Epiphytic Lichen Biomass in Managed and Old-Growth Boreal Forests: Effect of Branch Quality

To maintain biodiversity in managed forests we must understand the patterns and processes that regulate the occurrence and dynamics of species in undisturbed eco- systems. We compared biomass and species composition of canopy lichens on 180 lower branches of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in three pairs of old-growth and managed (se- lectively logged) stands in northern Sweden (30 branches per stand). The purpose was to evaluate the effect of substrate quality (branch characteristics) on patterns of lichen biomass for two different growth forms (foliose and fruticose). Old-growth stands had six times higher lichen mass per spruce branch, and two times higher expressed as percentage of branch mass, compared to mature stands of managed forest. Lichen mass was strongly related to mass, diameter, and age of branches. Fruticose, pendulous species (Alectoria sarmentosa and Bryoria spp.) were highly sensitive to forest practices. In contrast, type of forest had no significant effect on foliose species. Species number per stand was the same (15 species) in both types of forest, but there were marked differences in the relative abundance of different lichen groups. Results suggest that limited amount of substrate (i.e., small branches) available to lichens, and young branches, pro- viding only a short time for lichen colonization and growth, are important factors limiting epiphytic lichen abundance in managed forests. Conversion of old-growth forest into young, managed stands will lead to a significant reduction in epiphytic lichen mass. This in turn may probably affect nutrient cycling in forests and has negative consequences for animals that utilize canopy lichens as food, shelter, or nesting material.
EFFECTS OF NEST VISITS ON PREDATOR ACTIVITY AND PREDATION RATE IN A GREATER SNOW GOOSE COLONY

Abstract We assessed the effect of nest visits by researchers on the activity of nest predators and predation rate of eggs in a High Arctic Greater Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens atlantica) colony. The study was conducted in years of moderate (1996) and low (1997) overall nest predation rate. We first compared activity rate (number of presences per h) and behavior of nest predators in the colony with and without investigator disturbance. In one year out of two, activity rate and time spent in the colony were higher during nest visits than under undisturbed conditions for Glaucous Gulls (Larus hyperboreus) and Parasitic Jaegers (Stercorarius parasiticus). Moreover, presence of investigators significantly increased (4.8 times) the probability of nest attack by predators in one year. Nevertheless, the immediate revisit technique showed that the percentage of goose eggs robbed by predators in monitored nests was low (<0.7%) during a nest visit. In addition, we found no significant difference in mean clutch size at the end of incubation or nesting success between nests that were visited repeatedly (8 visits) and those less disturbed (<3 visits). Although some predators can be attracted by and take advantage of the presence of investigators, our results indicate that nesting parameters estimated for this snow goose colony are not biased by nest visits. However, the effect of investigator disturbance could be more important in other arctic nesting bird species that are unable to successfully defend their nest against predators or when predation pressure is very high.
Genetic Studies in Brown Sarson (Brassica rapa L.)

A study was undertaken in brown Sarson through diallel analysis involving ten diverse genotypes. The analysis revealed significant mean squares for general and specific combining ability for all the traits studied. The estimates of variance due to dominance deviation (σ2D) were much higher than the corresponding additive genetic variance (σ2A) for all the traits. The predictability ratio was less than unity for all the traits which indicated that performance on general combining ability of parents alone would not be advisable to select materials in segregating generations, but a combination involving both general and specific combining ability of the parents and particular crosses along with their per se performance would be more useful in selecting materials in the segregating generations. None of the parents revealed significant and desirable gca effects for all the traits. The study of sca effects revealed that none of the crosses was a desirable specific combiner for all the traits under study. However, several cross combinations were observed to have highest desirable significant sca effects for these traits.
Autumn Migration of Mississippi Flyway Mallards as Determined by Satellite Telemetry

Abstract We used satellite telemetry to study autumn migration timing, routes, stopover duration, and final destinations of mallards Anas platyrhynchos captured the previous spring in Arkansas from 2004 to 2007. Of those mallards that still had functioning transmitters on September 15 (n = 55), the average date when autumn migration began was October 23 (SE = 2.62 d; range = September 17–December 7). For those mallards that stopped for >1 d during migration, the average stopover length was 15.4 d (SE = 1.47 d). Ten mallards migrated nonstop to wintering sites. The eastern Dakotas were a heavily utilized stopover area. The total distance migrated per mallard averaged 1,407 km (SE = 89.55 km; range = 142–2,947 km). The average time spent on migration per individual between September 15 and December 15 was 27 d (SE = 2.88 d; range = 2–84 d). The state where most mallards were located on December 15 was Missouri (11) followed by Arkansas (8), while 5 mallards were still in Canada, and only 8 o.
Modelos de regressão com platô na estimativa do tamanho de parcelas em experimento de conservação in vitro de maracujazeiro

The determination of the plot size is a practical question to the experimental design, and its characterization in an optimized way allows obtaining larger precision and quality results. This research aimed to determine the plot size in experiments in vitro that seek the passion fruit plant conservation in ten uniformity assays with the species Passiflora Giberti N. E. Brown. The tests of uniformity came from an experiment conducted in a completely randomized design with treatments in a factorial design with three concentrations of sucrose, three concentrations of sorbitol and a control. Each treatment was considered as a uniformity assay, with 20 basic units. The evaluations of the experiments were done in the 60 days of incubation, being measured the shoots' length. For the estimate of the optimal plot size it was used the models segmented with linear- plateau, and the quadratic-plateau. The plot size varied with the method used, with values from 6 basic units for the linear-plateau model segmented, and from 10 basic units, for quadratic-plateau model.
Sexual outcomes of endoscopic enucleation of prostate

The emergence of various endoscopic enucleation techniques in the past decade has provided surgeons with more options and opportunities in performing enucleation. With the same surgical principle as holmium laser enucleation of prostate, the early results of different techniques were comparable. However, sexual outcomes of endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EEP) were less commonly reported than the voiding and urodynamic outcomes. In this review, the sexual outcomes including erectile function, ejaculatory and orgasmic function of various endoscopic enucleation technique would be studied. The overall sexual outcomes were heterogeneous and inconclusive. Outcomes measurement, sample size calculation, hypothesis generation and selection criteria were not specifically designed for sexual outcomes or even available. There were also limitations in the individual sexual assessment tools. Nonetheless, most studies showed no significant deterioration of erectile function after EEP, and ejaculation dysfunction was common. Looking forward in the field of benign prostatic enlargement surgery, the ‘one size fits all’ notion should be abandoned. Treatment should be tailor‐made according to the prostate size, co‐morbidities and sexual needs. The sexual outcomes of enucleation have to be better studied and defined. More prospective controlled studies focusing primarily on sexual functions are needed. For enucleation surgeons, exploring different ejaculatory‐sparing technique could be the golden opportunities in further consolidating the role and expanding the indication of enucleation surgery.
Dynamics of species diversity in a Japanese warm‐temperate secondary forest

To examine the dynamics of species diversity during secondary succession, growth, death and recruitment of trees were monitored for 39 years (1966 to 2005) in two plots (P-1 and P-3, 40 m × 40 m each) in a Japanese warm-temperate secondary forest recovering from clearcutting that occurred in the 1910s. Typhoons in the early 1990s seriously damaged P-1 and moderately damaged P-3. We examined how species diversity of trees changed through succession for three size classes: large (diameter at breast height, dbh ≥ 4.5 cm), medium (4.5 cm > dbh ≥ 1.0 cm), and small (dbh < 1.0 cm). Before the typhoons occurred, species diversity and evenness generally increased over time in all size classes in both plots, except for medium trees in P-1. After the typhoons, species diversity increased over time without exception, and this usually involved increases in both species evenness and number. We found that recruitment always contributed to increases in species diversity but mortality did not. Recruitment increased speci.
A Regional Study of Diversity and Abundance of Small Mammals in Ohio

Abstract The goal of this study was to obtain information on diversity, abundance, and distribution of non-volant small mammals in 4 major habitat types in each of 5 regions of Ohio. We trapped in 31 study areas, representing 39 counties, for 3 consecutive nights for a total of 38,400 trap nights. We established eight 100-m transects (each with 10 live traps, 20 snap traps, and 20 pitfall traps) per study area in woodland, oldfield, grassland-pasture, or restored prairie-wetland habitats. We captured fourteen species of small mammals (shrews and rodents <100 g in body mass), but 97% of the 2150 captured consisted of just 4 species: Microtus pennsylvanicus (Meadow Vole; 31%), Peromyscus leucopus (White-footed Mouse; 29%), Blarina brevicauda (Short-tailed Shrew; 21%), and Sorex cinereus (Masked Shrew; 16%). Regional differences in abundance of small mammals (captures/100 trap nights) and species diversity (H') were not significant (P > 0.05). Seven species of interest were captured in low numbers (<10) and 2 others, Reithrodontomys humulis (Eastern Harvest Mouse) and Myodes gapperi (Red-backed Vole), were not captured in the course of the 2-year study.
Beyond the prolegomenon: a molecular phylogeny of the Australian camaenid land snail radiation

From an analysis of over 900 specimens of camaenid land snails, we have assembled a molecular phylogeny of 327 tips covering > 70% genera across the entire continent of Australia and including > 90% of eastern species. Our approach emphasizes sampling to identify lineage flocks from populations down to build a hierarchical gene-by-taxa tapestry or supermatrix dataset using three mitochondrial genes, then analysed with Markov chain Monte Carlo and fast maximum likelihood methods. Similarity amongst taxa set results suggests missing data cause only minor distortions. This is supplemented by a separate higher level 28S rDNA phylogeny for a global scale perspective. The shallow divergence of Australasian forms, and their nesting within South-East Asian groups within the Helicoidea supergroup extending from Europe to North America, is consistent with the Solem hypothesis of Laurasian immigration of c. Miocene origin, and so being more than 400 species in 80-plus genera spread across the continent of Australia from rainforest to desert, forms an immense radiation. There is a major distinction between eastern and western lineages, with some key exceptions. Finer scale patterns of relictual endemics indicate that many ancestral lineages were in place before the major decline and breakup of the Tertiary mesic forest realm that once dominated Gondwanan Australia, and so chart the phylogenetic turnover of ecosystem change from mesic to xeric. The various higher classification schemes proposed all founder on the sheer scale of this radiation. Of 30 polytypic genera tested, at least 18 are not monophyletic, highlighting (1) the repeated radiation of shell forms, and (2) that the current higher taxonomy is unacceptable. Here we provide a phylogenetic and biogeographically condign arrangement as the basis for future elaborations. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 161, 531–572.