Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Which biologic agents increase perioperative complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease?

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1 ity in the prospective nationwide cohort study (odds ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–3.39; P = 0.011). In contrast to this study, Cohen et al. reported that the perioperative complications were not different between patients treated with anti-TNF-α inhibitors and controls (20% vs. 19.4%). Overall, the relationship between anti-TNF-α inhibitors and perioperative complications in patients with IBD remains controversial. Vedolizumab, an approved biologic agent after anti-TNF-α inhibitors, blocks leucocyte trafficking limited to the inflamed intestine. Although gut-specific mechanisms of action reduce the risk of serious or opportunistic infections, the concerns have been raised that the lack of leukocytes may delay the perioperative intestinal wound healing process. Furthermore, the rates of perioperative complications in patients treated with vedolizumab were investigated compared to the patient treated with anti-TNF-α inhibitors. Lightner et al. reported that the 30-day postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) rates were significantly higher in patient treated with vedolizumab (n = 94) within 12 weeks of an IBDrelated intestinal surgery as compared to patients treated with anti-TNF-α agents (n = 129) or no biological therapy (n = 172) (37% vs. 10% vs. 13%), and vedolizumab use was an independent risk factor of SSI in the multivariable analysis. Superficial SSI (6% vs. 4% vs. 21%), deep space SSI (6% vs. 5% vs. 14%), and mucocutaneous separation (1% vs. 1% vs. 7%) complications were significantly increased in patient treated with vedolizumab compared to patients treated with anti-TNF-α or pISSN 1598-9100 • eISSN 2288-1956 https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021. 00170 Intest Res 2022;20(1):1-2
Reduced mean baseline impedance aids diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease

Background: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occur due to gastric refluxate causing symptoms in the laryngopharynx and oesophagus, respectively. Baseline impedance of esophageal mucosa has been shown to reduce with prolonged acid exposure. Mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) is a novel measure that has shown promise in GERD but has not yet been evaluated in LPR. This study aimed to assess the role of MNBI in LPR and GERD patients. Methods: Off-therapy impedance-pH tracings were blindly reviewed for 187 patients previously prospectively allocated clinical diagnoses of LPR (n=105) or GERD (n=82). Conventional impedance-pH measures and MNBI were analysed for the two groups. Results: MNBI was reduced in both groups of refluxers. MNBI was significantly lower in the distal esophagus in GERD patients compared with LPR (1,679±914 vs. 2,109±863; P=0.001). Similarly, in the proximal esophagus, MNBI was lower in GERD than LPR (2,289±579 vs. 2,541±471; P=0.001). In the pharynx, MNBI was similar between the two groups (2,116±699 vs. 2,133±770; P=0.878). Distal acid exposure time (AET) and the number of distal acid reflux episodes negatively correlated with distal esophageal MNBI (r=−0.195; P=0.007) and (r=−0.330; P<0.001) respectively. Conclusions: Baseline impedance was reduced in both LPR and GERD at both distal and proximal esophageal measurements, and more severely reduced in GERD. Baseline impedance is strongly and inversely related to acid exposure in the esophagus. Pharyngeal MNBI was not reduced or different between groups. Distal and proximal esophageal MNBI may be useful in diagnosis of LPR as well as GERD.
A Geometric Model in 3+1D Space-Time for Electrodynamic Phenomena

With the idea to find geometric formulations of particle physics we investigate the predictions of a three-dimensional generalization of the Sine-Gordon model, very close to the Skyrme model and to the Wu-Yang description of Dirac monopoles. With three rotational degrees of freedom of spatial Dreibeins, we formulate a Lagrangian and confront the predictions to electromagnetic phenomena. Stable solitonic excitations we compare with the lightest fundamental electric charges, electrons, and positrons. Two Goldstone bosons we relate to the properties of photons. These particles are characterized by three topological quantum numbers, which we compare to charge, spin, and photon numbers. Finally, we conjecture some ideas for further comparisons with experiments.
The interferon-inducible GTPase MxB promotes capsid disassembly and genome release of herpesviruses

Host proteins sense viral products and induce defence mechanisms, particularly in immune cells. Using cell-free assays and quantitative mass spectrometry, we determined the interactome of capsid- host protein complexes of herpes simplex virus and identified the large dynamin-like GTPase myxovirus resistance protein B (MxB) as an interferon-inducible protein interacting with capsids. Electron microscopy analyses showed that cytosols containing MxB had the remarkable capability to disassemble the icosahedral capsids of herpes simplex viruses and varicella zoster virus into flat sheets of connected triangular faces. In contrast, capsids remained intact in cytosols with MxB mutants unable to hydrolyse GTP or to dimerize. Our data suggest that MxB senses herpesviral capsids, mediates their disassembly, and thereby restricts the efficiency of nuclear targeting of incoming capsids and/or the assembly of progeny capsids. The resulting premature release of viral genomes from capsids may enhance the activation of DNA sensors, and thereby amplify the innate immune responses.
Comparison of the occurrence of sleep bruxism under accustomed conditions at home and under polysomnography conditions in a sleep laboratory.

PURPOSE We aimed to clarify the relationship between the number of sleep bruxism (SB) bursts at home and in a laboratory equipped with polysomnography with audio-video recording (PSG-AV). We applied an identical single-channel wearable electromyography (EMG) device for both types of SB burst scorings. METHODS The subjects were 20 healthy student volunteers (12 men and 8 women; mean age, 21.9 years) who were clinically diagnosed with bruxism based on the criteria set forth by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2). We used a wearable EMG device attached to the masseteric area (the FLA-500-SD [FLA]), for scoring SB bursts at home and in the laboratory. PSG-AV was set within the laboratory environment as well. The mean interval for both sleep studies was 28.8 days. EMG bursts with amplitudes greater than twice the baseline amplitude and with durations of longer than 0.25 s were selected. EMG bursts with amplitudes ≥5% MVC (maximum voluntary contraction), ≥10% MVC, and ≥20% MVC were selected as well. A cluster of bursts was defined as an episode. RESULTS In all the conditions for selecting EMG bursts specified above, the number of SB bursts and episodes recorded under laboratory conditions was statistically significantly smaller than that recorded at home. There were no statistically significant differences between the data obtained on the first and second recording days. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the unfamiliar environment of a sleep laboratory equipped with PSG-AV affects the emergence of SB as compared with home conditions.
Taxonomizing Non-at-Issue Contents

The author argues that there is no such thing as a unique and general taxonomy of non-at-issue contents. Accordingly, we ought to shun large categories such as “conventional implicature” (Grice), “F-implicature” (Horn), “CI” (Potts), “Class B” (Tonhauser, Beaver, Roberts & Simons) or the like. As an alternative, we may, first, describe the “semantic profile” of linguistic devices as accurately as possible. Second, we may explicitly tailor our categories to particular theoretical purposes.
ATTAINABLE VALUES OF ON-TARGET FUNCTIONALS IN ECONOMIC DYNAMICS PROBLEMS

The problem of description of attainability sets is considered as applied to a control problem for an economic mathematical model with respect to a family of on-target functionals under some constraints according to control actions. The functionals are given in a general form covering a great many widely used cases. Dynamics of the system under control is governed by equations connecting state variables of continuous and discrete times with taking into account aftereffects. Some constructions and algorithms are proposed which allow to obtain external polyhedral estimates of the attainability sets.
Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Dried Leaves of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and Their Extraction into Infusions

ABTRACT Herbal teas and yerba mate infusions are an important part of the human diet that may contain toxic contaminants due to the industrial processing of the herbal material. The presence of the lipophilic compounds polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in dry yerba mate samples and how they transfer into the infusions. Samples were selected among eight different brands, and three types of yerba mate products (aged, green, and roasted). Synchronized fluorescence scanning (SFS) was used as primary screening method for PAHs in dried yerba mate, and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for the analysis of the infusions. SFS screening showed presence of PAHs in the dry herbal material, and the PAHs ratios suggest that the contamination originates from pyrogenic sources. Using an experimental setup to simulate the traditional yerba mate consumption (successive extractions with small amounts of water), the sum of the six PAHs in each infusion of yerba mate sample ranged from 4.8 to 30.2 ng g−1. Benzo [a] pyrene concentration ranged from n.d. to 1.1 ng g−1 while phenanthrene reached a maximum of 59 ng g −1 in the yerba mate samples tested. An estimated 0.11% to 0.54% of the six PAH analytes were transferred into the infusion and the SFS method can be used to screen the presence of PAHs in the dry material. The chemical profile of the most abundant PAHs found in the infusions indicate a low total equivalent exposure index.
Spanish youth at the crossroads of gender and sexuality during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study examines some of the perceptions amongst Spanish LGBTQ+ youth during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent confinement and lockdown measures, between March and May 2020. During this time, many of these young people were forced to return to their family homes and restrict their social relations. This new situation often exposed them to forms of violence from which there was no escape, with negative consequences for their psychosocial health. The study evaluates the correlations between perceived social support, burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and the people with whom LGBTQ+ youth lived during confinement. A descriptive and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and bivariate correlations is used to examine the responses of 394 LGBTQ+ youth, between 17 and 21 years of age, residing in Spain. Overall, the study finds that gender is key when explaining the differences between the experiences of LGBTQ+ youth, with women and non-binary individuals experiencing a greater perception of stigma in the places where they lived during the lockdown. Moreover, trans men and women and non-binary individuals reported receiving less support and a greater feeling of burdensomeness then the other participants. These results suggest that LGBTQ+ youth must be given special consideration during times of crisis, like the COVID-19 pandemic, and may benefit from intervention with an intersectional and transfeminist perspective.
COVID-19 related acute genital ulcer: a case report

ABSTRACT Acute vulvar ulcer (Lipschütz’s ulcer) is a rare lesion with local hyperimmunoreactivity triggered by infection, which is characterized by acute, painful, and necrotic ulcerations. This condition is usually found in non-sexually active adolescents, and it resolves spontaneously. We report a case of a 35-year-old woman who was diagnosed with COVID-19 who did not have severe symptoms, but had high levels of D-dimer for 9 days. The COVID-19 diagnosis was followed by the appearance of an acute, necrotic, extremely painful vulvar ulcer, although symptoms caused by COVID-19 had improved. We emphasize the importance of the differential diagnosis to exclude diseases such as Behçet’s syndrome, Sexually Transmitted Infections, as well as the presence of viruses that generally trigger Lipschütz’s ulcer, such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus. No treatment is usually necessary, however, in the present report due to the pain experienced by the patient, we successfully used oral prednisone.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Nursing Students on Disaster Preparedness

Nurses play a critical part in disaster response, and having nursing skills to be prepared for a disaster is essential and valuable. Healthcare workers must be explicitly trained to respond during catastrophe; thus, this study focused to determine the student nurse's knowledge, attitude, and practices on disaster preparedness as future care provider. This utilized a quantitative descriptive-correlational approach, total enumeration sampling, and used a four-part survey questionnaire. The result showed that most respondents were female, aged 18 to 22, and a resident of rural area. Nursing students have a sufficient understanding of disaster preparedness, including the importance of effective disaster planning and preparation, disaster warnings and indicators, and the appropriate responses to consider in the event of a disaster. The nursing students have a positive attitude toward disaster preparedness, particularly regarding their families' safety. Nursing students agree that they have sufficient disaster preparedness strategies, although they are not always mentally and physically prepared when a disaster occurs. Findings revealed that students' disaster preparedness knowledge and practices significantly correlate with their demographic profile; their social integration improve as they progress through the year levels. Based on the collected data, the nursing students' knowledge, attitude, and practices are satisfactory; however, there is still potential to expand and enhance disaster preparedness knowledge, attitude, and practices. Continuing education and training workshops to become proficient in disaster preparedness could help students improve knowledge, attitude, and practices, resulting in better management and preparation for potential disaster occurrences.
Immuno-phenotyping of Canadian beef cattle: adaptation of the high immune response methodology for utilization in beef cattle

Abstract The high immune response (HIR) methodology measures the genetic performance of the adaptive immune system to identify and breed animals with balanced and robust immunity. The HIR methodology has previously been used in dairy and swine to reduce disease but has not been fully investigated in beef cattle. The first objective of the current study was to examine whether the HIR methodology as standardized for use in dairy cattle was appropriate for use in beef cattle. The second objective was to determine the earliest age for immune response phenotyping of beef calves. In this study, beef calves (n = 295) of various ages, as well as mature beef cows (n = 170) of mixed breeds, were immunized using test antigens to assess their antibody- (AMIR) and cell-mediated immune responses (CMIR). Heritability for AMIR and CMIR was estimated at 0.43 and 0.18, respectively. The HIR methodology was appropriate for use in beef cattle; beef calves as young as 2–3 wk of age were capable of mounting AMIR responses comparable with those seen historically in mature Holstein dairy cows. Three-week-old beef calves mounted CMIR responses comparable with those of Holstein cows, but 9-mo-old calves and mature beef cows had significantly higher CMIR responses than Holsteins. The HIR methodology can be used to measure both AMIR and CMIR in beef calves as young as 3 wk of age.
Can A Community-Based Weight Management Programme, that is Scalable, Provide Effective Diabetes Management Support for Adults with T1D or T2D: A Mixed Methods Evaluation

Aim/Hypothesis: This mixed-methods evaluation investigates the impact of Slimming World (SW) membership on weight, glycaemic control and mental-health related quality of life in adults with both T1D and T2D who either self-referred or were referred by a healthcare professional. It also evaluates the ease of application and the accessibility of the support offered to determine long-term sustainability of the lifestyle changes made. The hypothesis was that both glycaemic control and improvements in mental well-being are positively associated with weight loss and that participants would find the intervention easy to follow and achieve weight loss (≥10%). Methods:
Outcomes and Disease Spectrum of LBW Neonates in a Secondary Health Facility

Globally, 30 million low birth weight (LBW) babies are born every year and 95% of them are from developing countries. LBW neonates are at a high risk of mortality, morbidity, and long-term disability. The objective of this study is to investigate outcomes and disease spectrum among low birth weight neonates. This is a prospective, observational study conducted on 540 neonates admitted in the Mother and Child Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, from 2017 to 2018. Questionnaire, interview, clinical, and diagnostic procedures were used as research tools. There were 137 low birth weight (LBW) neonates, with the mean mothers' age of 31.92 ± 6.60. Of the 540 neonates, 69 (50.4%) and 68 (49.6%) were term and preterm, respectively. There were 64 female neonates (46.7%) and 73 male neonates (53.3%). The mean weight of the neonates was 1.82 ± 0.44 kg, and mean number of days on admission was 6.42 ± 6.75 days. Neonatal sepsis (NNS) was the highest morbidity 51 (37.2%) among the LBW neonates, followed by prematurity 47 (34.4%) and neonatal jaundice (NNJ) 18 (13.1%). Sex (χ2 = 3.584, p=0.310), mode of delivery (χ2 = 4.669, p=0.198), and gestational age (χ2 = 3.904, p=0.272) were not a significant determinant of outcome among LBW neonates. Men were 2.36 times more likely to be preterm (OR = 2.36, 95% CL = 1.01–5.54, p=0.048) among LBW neonates. Outcomes of LBW neonates who were delivered by SVD were not significant compared to preterm delivered by CS (OR = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.13–1.65, p=0.096). Sixty percent (60%) of the mothers had Prolonged Rupture of Membranes (PROM). Morbidities such as hypothermia (72.2%), apnoea (63.6%), haemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN) (66.7%), and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (66.7%) were more observed with preterm LBW neonates. Importance of qualitative antenatal care (ANC) should be emphasized; anticipation and prevention of LBW births can help mitigate some of the problems they are prone to.
Research on Model of Storage Operational Readiness Rate for Torpedo

To evaluate storage operational readiness rate for torpedo,one of comprehensive features parameters,basic model in GJB is analyzed. According to torpedo life profile,shortages are pointed out in the model applications to specific torpedo. Grassroots level maintenance in torpedo life profile is analyzed deeply. Taking storage reliability,fault detection rate,fix probability of torpedo faults and spare fill rate into consideration,the new models are given when one LRU fault happened,several same LRU faults happened,or several different LRU faults happened. In the end,the models were proved effective through calculations.
Assessment of Bi-Ventricular and Bi-Atrial Areas Using Four-Chamber Cine Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Fully Automated Segmentation with a U-Net Convolutional Neural Network

Four-chamber (4CH) cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) facilitates simultaneous evaluation of cardiac chambers; however, manual segmentation is time-consuming and subjective in practice. We evaluated deep learning based on a U-Net convolutional neural network (CNN) for fully automated segmentation of the four cardiac chambers using 4CH cine CMR. Cine CMR datasets from patients were randomly assigned for training (1400 images from 70 patients), validation (600 images from 30 patients), and testing (1000 images from 50 patients). We validated manual and automated segmentation based on the U-Net CNN using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ); p < 0.05 was statistically significant. The overall median DSC showed high similarity (0.89). Automated segmentation correlated strongly with manual segmentation in all chambers—the left and right ventricles, and the left and right atria (end-diastolic area: ρ = 0.88, 0.76, 0.92, and 0.87; end-systolic area: ρ = 0.81, 0.81, 0.92, and 0.83, respectively; p < 0.01). The area under the curve for the left ventricle, left atrium, right ventricle, and right atrium showed high scores (0.96, 0.99, 0.88, and 0.96, respectively). Fully automated segmentation could facilitate simultaneous evaluation and detection of enlargement of the four cardiac chambers without any time-consuming analysis.
High-Speed Railway Opening and High-Quality Development of Cities in China: Does Environmental Regulation Enhance the Effects?

The continuous improvement of transportation infrastructure is an important support for achieving high-quality development, while the high-quality characteristics of development will inevitably promote the process of economic and social sustainability. From the dual perspectives of economic transformation and people’s social livelihoods, we regard the opening of a high-speed railway (HSR) in China’s cities as a quasi-natural experiment, and utilize the difference-in-difference (DID) method to examine the impact of improved transportation infrastructure on the high-quality development of prefecture-level cities and its action mechanism. This study is the first to incorporate HSR openings and environmental regulation into the same framework, focusing on the high-quality development problem of cities. The empirical results reveal that: (1) the opening of an HSR can advance industrial structure upgrading and increase social employment level, thereby promoting the high-quality development of cities; (2) the intensity of environmental regulation is an important action mechanism that affects such relationships, but it presents two different influences on an HSR’s industrial effect and employment effect, that is, inhibition and reinforcement, respectively; and (3) urban heterogeneity tests illustrate that an HSR opening plays a more significant role in promoting the high-quality development of China’s eastern region cities and non-resource-based cities. Our findings are beneficial to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of decision-makers’ investment in transportation infrastructure as well as to facilitate the benign interaction between the national HSR policy and local environmental regulation strategies, thereby achieving the high-quality and sustainable development of urban economy and society.