Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rutin, a Flavonoid Compound Derived from Garlic, as a Potential Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Agent against Murine Schistosomiasis mansoni

Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease caused by trematode worms. The inflammatory response of the host to schistosome eggs leads to formation of granuloma in the liver and intestine. Praziquantel (PZQ) is still an effective treatment for schistosomiasis, however resistance development may reduce its efficacy. The current study investigated the possible immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action of rutin, a natural flavonoid compound isolated from garlic, on liver fibrotic markers in mice infected with S. mansoni in comparison to PZQ. Male albino CD1 mice were infected with 100 ± 2 S. mansoni cercariae/mouse and treated with garlic, rutin, or PZQ. At the end of the experiment, the liver and intestines were harvested for parasitological and histological assessment and to analyze the proinflammatory cytokine. Rutin significantly affects the pathological alterations caused by Schistosoma in the liver. This may be partially explained by a decrease in the number of eggs trapped in the tissues of the liver and a modification in the serum levels of certain cytokines, which are implicated in the formation of Schistosoma granuloma. In conclusion, rutin has strong anti-schistosome properties in vivo, raising the possibility that rutin might be further investigated as a therapy for S. mansoni.
Exchange coupling strength in synthetic ferrimagnetic media

The antiferromagnetic exchange coupling strength (H/sub ex/) between two CoCrPtB magnetic layers in bilayer synthetic ferrimagnetic media (SFM) is investigated. H/sub ex/ is found to be inversely proportional to the thickness and magnetization of the initial magnetic layer (L1). H/sub ex/ also shows a decrease with increasing temperature. An exchange coupling strength of J/spl ap/0.05 erg/cm/sup 2/ was obtained from H/sub ex/. For further improvement of thermal stability at higher recording densities, the thickness or magnetic anisotropy of L1 may be increased. On the other hand, for an effective SFM, the coercivity of L1 must be lower than H/sub ex/. Therefore, a large H/sub ex/ is critical for better thermal stabilization.
Predictability of Low-Level Winds by Mesoscale Meteorological Models

Abstract This study describes the verification of model-based, low-level wind forecasts for the area of the Salt Lake valley and surrounding mountains during the 2002 Salt Lake City, Utah, Winter Olympics. Standard verification statistics (such as bias and mean absolute error) for wind direction and speed were compared for four models: the Eta, Rapid Update Cycle (RUC-2), and Global Forecast System of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, and the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). Even though these models had horizontal grid increments that ranged over almost two orders of magnitude, the highest-resolution MM5 with a 1.33-km grid increment exhibited a forecast performance similar to that of the other models in terms of grid-average, conventional verification metrics. This is in spite of the fact that the MM5 is the only model capable of reasonably representing the complex terrain of the Salt Lake City region that exerts a strong influence on the local c.
Giving Australian First-in-Family Students a Kick Start to University

Australian university students who are the first in their family to attend university are more likely to encounter challenges in their transition to university, and programs to support students are important for success and retention. Fifteen first-in-family (FiF) students participated in an Australian-first pilot orientation program. Program students had better engagement (attendance and study hours) and higher grades compared to a control group. There were no group differences in self-efficacy, program participants had steady social support over time while the control group experienced a decline across semester 1. Qualitative findings indicate that participants felt confident about their transition and did not report academic challenges. They had made connections and felt supported. Commute times were the most common adjustment reported.
Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Teachers’ Basic ICT Competence Beliefs Scale

The present study seeks to adapt the Teachers’ Basic Information Communication Technology (ICT) Competence Beliefs Scale, developed by Rubach and Lazarides (2021), into Turkish and test the adapted scale's validity and reliability. The initial step involved conducting a linguistic equivalence of the scale from English to Turkish with 62 English language teachers in a pre-test. Subsequently, the Turkish version of the scale was administered to 356 teachers (69.7% female, 30.3% male) in Turkey to assess its validity and reliability. Participating teachers were from different subjects (e.g., 9.8% science, 7.9% mathematics, 3.7% social science) and school types (27.5% primary school, 55.3% secondary school, 17.1% others). Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated the original six-factor structure with three first-order and three second-order factors that best fitted the data. The same competence dimensions were indicated in the Turkish contexts as in the original instrument, i.e., information and data literacy; communication and collaboration; digital content creation; safety and security; problem-solving; analyzing and reflecting. The correlations between all six first-order factors were between . 58 ≥ r ≥. 79. All factors showed good reliability indices, i.e., α > . 83, ω > . 83 and CR > . 72. The adapted instrument was found to be invariant across gender. Mean-level differences among gender groups point to one difference with male teachers reporting higher competence beliefs for digital content creation compared to female teachers. In conclusion, the results of this replication study support the cross-cultural transferability of the original Teachers' Basic ICT Competence Beliefs instrument developed by Rubach and Lazarides (2019).
Rapid Review of “No Surprise” Medical Billing in the United States: Stakeholder Perceptions and Challenges

Surprise medical bills received after care delivery in both emergency and non-emergency situations for out-of-network (OON) or other contractual health plan regulations adds additional stress upon the care guarantor, most often the patient. The passing and continued implementation of the federal No Surprises Act (NSA) and related state-level legislation continues to influence the processes of care delivery in the United States. This rapid review evaluated the literature specific to surprise medical billing in the United States since the passing of the No Surprise Act, guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol. A total of 33 articles were reviewed by the research team and the results demonstrate industry stakeholder perceptions related to two primary industry themes (constructs) surrounding surprise billing: healthcare stakeholder perspectives and medical claim dispute (arbitration) processes. Further investigation identified sub-constructs for each: the practice of balance-billing patients for OON care and healthcare provider, and facility equitable reimbursement challenges (primary theme 1), and arbitration observations and challenges surrounding (a) the NSA medical dispute process, (b) state-level arbitration processes and perceptions, and (c) use of the Medicare fee schedule as a benchmark for arbitration decisions (primary theme 2). The results indicate the need for formative policy improvement initiatives to address the generation of surprise billing.
“Looking beyond Mental Health Stigma”: An Online Focus Group Study among Senior Undergraduate Nursing Students

Evidence highlights the need for professionals to be aware of their stigmatizing attitudes and discriminatory practices in order to minimize the negative impact on the people they take care of. However, nursing students’ perceptions of these issues have been poorly studied. This study explores the perspective of senior undergraduate nursing students on mental health and the stigma around it, by considering a simulated case vignette of a person with a mental health problem. A descriptive qualitative approach was chosen and involved three online focus group discussions. The findings show various manifestations of stigma, both at an individual and collective level, which indicates that it is an obstacle to the wellbeing of people with mental illness. Individual manifestations of stigma concern its effect on the person with mental illness, while at the collective level they concern the family or society in general. Stigma is a multifactorial, multidimensional, and complex concept, in terms of identifying and fighting it. Thus, the strategies identified involve multiple approaches at the individual level, aimed at the patient and family, namely through education/training, communication, and relationship strategies. At the collective level, to intervene with the general population and specific groups, such as groups of young people, strategies suggested include education/training, use of the media, and contact with people with mental disorders as ways to fight stigma.
The influence of Coriolis force on surface-tension-driven convection

The effect of uniform rotation on surface-tension-driven convection in an evaporating fluid layer is considered both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical analysis follows the usual small-disturbance approach of perturbation theory and leads, at the neutral state, to a functional relation between the Marangoni and Taylor numbers which is then computed numerically. In addition, it is shown analytically that, in the limit of rapid rotation, the velocity and temperature fluctuations are confined to a thin Ekman layer near the surface, and that Mc = 4·42T½ and ac = 0·5T¼, where Mc and ac are, respectively, the critical Marangoni number and the critical wave number for neutral stability, and T is the Taylor number. The experimental part deals primarily with the flow pattern of a 50% solution of ethyl ether in n-heptane evaporating into still air. In this case, the convective flow is surface-tension-driven and its structure was observed using schlieren optics. In the absence of rotation, the flow shows a remarkable cellular pattern when the layer is shallow, but when the depth of the layer is increased the pattern quickly becomes highly irregular. In contrast, for T > 103, a cellular structure is always observed even for deep layers, a result which is attributable to the stabilizing effect of the Coriolis force. A further increase in T leaves the flow pattern unchanged except that the size of the cells is found to decrease as T−¼ which is in agreement with the results of the linear stability analysis.
Real-Time Blink Detection as an Indicator of Computer Vision Syndrome in Real-Life Settings: An Exploratory Study

With the increase in the number of people using digital devices, complaints about eye and vision problems have been increasing, making the problem of computer vision syndrome (CVS) more serious. Accompanying the increase in CVS in occupational settings, new and unobstructive solutions to assess the risk of this syndrome are of paramount importance. This study aims, through an exploratory approach, to determine if blinking data, collected using a computer webcam, can be used as a reliable indicator for predicting CVS on a real-time basis, considering real-life settings. A total of 13 students participated in the data collection. A software that collected and recorded users’ physiological data through the computer’s camera was installed on the participants’ computers. The CVS-Q was applied to determine the subjects with CVS and its severity. The results showed a decrease in the blinking rate to about 9 to 17 per minute, and for each additional blink the CVS score lowered by 1.26. These data suggest that the decrease in blinking rate was directly associated with CVS. These results are important for allowing the development of a CVS real-time detection algorithm and a related recommendation system that provides interventions to promote health, well-being, and improved performance.
Analisis Kontras Densitas Lapisan Batuan Di Bawah Permukaan Tanah Dengan Metode Gravitasi

Metode gravitasi merupakan salah satu metode dalam survei geofisika yang bermanfaat untuk menentukan struktur batuan di bawah permukaan berdasarkan perbedaan nilai massa jenis batuan penyusunnya. Perbedaan massa jenis atau densitas tersebut ditandai dengan adanya anomali gravitasi di permukaan bumi. Obyek penelitian kontras densitas dengan metode gravitasi kali ini adalah area Gunung Kelud yang terletak di Kabupaten Kediri Provinsi Jawa Timur. Hasil perekaman data gravitasi di lapangan diolah menggunakan beberapa software, yaitu Surfer 9, MagPick, dan GRAV2DC. Pemodelan data gravitasi dengan menggunakan GRAV2DC untuk anomali lokal area Gunung Kelud di Kediri, Jawa Timur menghasilkan layer sebanyak 4 bodies dengan kontras densitas dan kedalaman masing-masing adalah -0,005 gr/cm3 – 13,5 km, 0,015 gr/cm3 – 3,19 km, 0,005 gr/cm3 – 7,178 km, dan 0,005 gr/cm3 – 14 km, dengan misfit sebesar 0,37. Dengan mengambil densitas awal 2,6 gr/cm3, lapisan tersebut terdiri dari lapisan syenite dan granitc.
Hubble Space Telescope discovery of candidate young globular clusters in the merger remnant NGC 7252

New, high-resolution images of the central region of NGC 7252 obtained with the Planetary Camera of the HST are presented. NGC 7252 is a prototypical example of a remnant of two merged disk galaxies. Our most striking result is the discovery of a population of about 40 blue pointlike objects in this galaxy. The mean absolute magnitude of these objects is Mv = -13 mag; the mean color is V-I = 0.7 mag; and the mean effective radius is 10 pc. The luminosities, colors, projected spatial distribution, and sizes are all compatible with the hypothesis that these objects formed within the last 1 Gyr following the collision of two spiral galaxies, and that they are young globular clusters. It therefore appears that the number of globular clusters may increase during the merger of gas-rich galaxies. This weakens van den Bergh's objection against ellipticals being formed through disk mergers, based mainly on the fact that disk galaxies have fewer globular clusters per unit luminosity than ellipticals do. NGC 7252 shows a single, semistellar nucleus; relatively bright spiral structure is seen within 1.6 kpc of the center, presumably formed through the continued infall of gas into a disk around the center of the galaxy.
Self-assembled and etched cones on laser ablated polymer surfaces

At least two different routes lead to conical structures on laser ablated polymer surfaces. These were investigated by studying laser ablation on the surfaces of different classes of polymers. Cones appeared readily in strongly absorbing polymers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyimide (PI), but only within narrow laser parameters in nylon 6, and rarely in poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), the last two being weak ultraviolet (UV) absorbers. Self-assembled, close-packed cones occurred in PET, in which heat generated due to absorbed laser energy creates a thin, chemically stable, viscoelastic, highly compliant layer (above the glass transition temperature). Surface structure in such polymers evolves from nodules through donuts into ripples and finally to cones as the energy deposited per unit area on the surface (total fluence) is increased using a combination of single pulse fluence and number of pulses. A phase transition from a ripple phase to a cone phase is thought to occur as the thickne.
Invariant algebraic curves and conditions for a centre

Conditions for the existence of a centre in two-dimensional systems are considered along the lines of Darboux. We show how these methods can be used in the search for maximal numbers of bifurcating limit cycles. We also extend the method to include more degenerate cases such as are encountered in less generic systems. These lead to new classes of integrals. In particular, the Kukles system is considered, and new centre conditions for this system are obtained.
STATIC ANALYSIS OF FGM CYLINDERS BY A MESH-FREE METHOD

In this paper static analysis of FGM cylinders subjected to internal and external pressure was carried out by a mesh-free method. In this analysis MLS shape functions are used for approximation of displacement field in the weak form of equilibrium equation and essential boundary conditions are imposed by transformation method. Mechanical properties of cylinders were assumed to be variable in the radial direction. Two types of cylinders were analyzed in this work. At first cylinders with infinite length were considered and results obtained for these cylinders were compared with analytical solutions and a very good agreement was seen between them. Then the proposed mesh-free method was used for analysis of cylinders with finite length and two different types of boundary conditions. Results obtained from these analyses were compared with results of finite element analyses and a very good agreement was seen between them.
Maternal high-fat diet decreases milk endocannabinoids with sex-specific changes in the cannabinoid and dopamine signaling and food preference in rat offspring

Introduction Maternal high-fat (HF) diet during gestation and lactation programs obesity in rat offspring associated with sex-dependent and tissue-specific changes of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS activation induces food intake and preference for fat as well as lipogenesis. We hypothesized that maternal HF diet would increase the lipid endocannabinoid levels in breast milk programming cannabinoid and dopamine signaling and food preference in rat offspring. Methods Female Wistar rats were assigned into two experimental groups: control group (C), which received a standard diet (10% fat), or HF group, which received a high-fat diet (29% fat) for 8 weeks before mating and during gestation and lactation. Milk samples were collected to measure endocannabinoids and fatty acids by mass spectrometry. Cannabinoid and dopamine signaling were evaluated in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of male and female weanling offspring. C and HF offspring received C diet after weaning and food preference was assessed in adolescence. Results Maternal HF diet reduced the milk content of anandamide (AEA) (p<0.05) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (p<0.05). In parallel, maternal HF diet increased adiposity in male (p<0.05) and female offspring (p<0.05) at weaning. Maternal HF diet increased cannabinoid and dopamine signaling in the NAc only in male offspring (p<0.05), which was associated with higher preference for fat in adolescence (p<0.05). Conclusion Contrary to our hypothesis, maternal HF diet reduced AEA and 2-AG in breast milk. We speculate that decreased endocannabinoid exposure during lactation may induce sex-dependent adaptive changes of the cannabinoid-dopamine crosstalk signaling in the developing NAc, contributing to alterations in neurodevelopment and programming of preference for fat in adolescent male offspring.
Jeśmanowicz’ Conjecture with Congruence Relations. II

Abstract Let $a$ , $b$ , and $c$ be primitive Pythagorean numbers such that ${{a}^{2}}\,+\,{{b}^{2}}\,=\,{{c}^{2}}$ with $b$ even. In this paper, we show that if ${{b}_{0}}\,\equiv \,\in \,\,\,\left( \bmod \,a \right)$ with $\text{ }\! \! \varepsilon\! \! \text{ }\,\in \,\left\{ \pm 1 \right\}$ for certain positive divisors ${{b}_{0}}$ of $b$ , then the Diophantine equation ${{a}^{x}}\,+\,{{b}^{y}}\,=\,{{c}^{z}}$ has only the positive solution $\left( x,\,y,\,z \right)\,=\,\left( 2,\,2,\,2 \right)$ .
Nonlinear Oscillations of a Column of Gas

Several authors studied experimentally the motion of a column of air in a long pipe, closed at one end and driven at the other by an oscillating piston. At resonance, they observed shock waves traveling in the tube. The paper presents a simple theoretical analysis of the motion, based on discontinuous linearized solutions and a secular equation. This equation guarantees that the motion remains periodic in spite of the cumulative effects of the nonlinear terms. For an inviscid gas, the amplitude at resonance is found to be finite and to be determined by nonlinear effects. This differs from previous results of Frederiksen. Friction can be taken into account and is included in the final results, which are presented in the form of a chart.
Pathophysiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disease (MOGAD) is a spectrum of diseases, including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and cerebral cortical encephalitis. In addition to distinct clinical, radiological, and immunological features, the infectious prodrome is more commonly reported in MOGAD (37–70%) than NMOSD (15–35%). Interestingly, pediatric MOGAD is not more aggressive than adult-onset MOGAD, unlike in multiple sclerosis (MS), where annualized relapse rates are three times higher in pediatric-onset MS. MOGAD pathophysiology is driven by acute attacks during which T cells and MOG antibodies cross blood brain barrier (BBB). MOGAD lesions show a perivenous confluent pattern around the small veins, lacking the radiological central vein sign. Initial activation of T cells in the periphery is followed by reactivation in the subarachnoid/perivascular spaces by MOG-laden antigen-presenting cells and inflammatory CSF milieu, which enables T cells to infiltrate CNS parenchyma. CD4+ T cells, unlike CD8+ T cells in MS, are the dominant T cell type found in lesion histology. Granulocytes, macrophages/microglia, and activated complement are also found in the lesions, which could contribute to demyelination during acute relapses. MOG antibodies potentially contribute to pathology by opsonizing MOG, complement activation, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Stimulation of peripheral MOG-specific B cells through TLR stimulation or T follicular helper cells might help differentiate MOG antibody-producing plasma cells in the peripheral blood. Neuroinflammatory biomarkers (such as MBP, sNFL, GFAP, Tau) in MOGAD support that most axonal damage happens in the initial attack, whereas relapses are associated with increased myelin damage.
A Study of Meso-a-Scale Disturbances on the Baiu Front and Their Environmental Field

Several meso-α-scale lows (MAL), which developed along the Baiu Front in the year of 2001 are studied by an observational analysis and a numerical experiment. The observational analysis utilizes the GANAL and RANAL data which have a horizontal resolution of 125 km and 20 km, respectively. The observed MALs are found to be categorized into two types: One is accompanied by an upper-level disturbance, and has a trough tilting westward with increasing height. The other is not accompanied by an upper-level disturbance, and has a trough tilting eastward with height. A MAL of the latter type that appeared on 20 June 2001 is examined in detail. This MAL had a horizontal pressure trough which runs in the southwest-northeast direction. It was associated with a cold temperature anomaly at the low-level to the east side of the low center, which is consistent with the eastward tilting trough in view of the hydrostatic balance. A numerical simulation using a 5 km-mesh Japan Meteorological Agency Non-Hydrostatic Model, without a cumulus parameterization, successfully reproduced the observed characteristics of the MAL. A budget analysis of the thermodynamic equation shows that the cold anomaly at the low-level in the east side of the MAL, is caused by an adiabatic cooling associated with the strong updraft induced by a condensational heating in the mid- and upper-levels.