Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Muscle and intensity based hamstring exercise classification in elite female track and field athletes: implications for exercise selection during rehabilitation

Background: Hamstring injuries are common in many sports, including track and field. Strains occur in different parts of the hamstring muscle but very little is known about whether common hamstring loading exercises specifically load different hamstring components. The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle activation of different components of the hamstring muscle during common hamstring loading exercises. Methods: Twenty elite female track and field athletes were recruited into this study, which had a single-sample, repeated-measures design. Each athlete performed ten hamstring loading exercises, and an electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from the biceps femoris and semiten-dinosus components of the hamstring. Hamstring EMG during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) was used to normalize the mean data across ten repetitions of each exercise. An electrogoniometer synchronized to the EMG was used to determine whether peak EMG activity occurred during muscle-tendon unit lengthening, shortening, or no change in length. Mean EMG values were compared between the two recording sites for each exercise using the Student’s t -test. Results: The lunge, dead lift, and kettle swings were low intensity ( , 50% MVIC) and all showed higher EMG activity for semitendinosus than for biceps femoris. Bridge was low but approaching medium intensity, and the TRX, hamstring bridge, and hamstring curl were all medium intensity exercises ( $ 50% or , 80% MVIC). The Nordic, fitball, and slide leg exercises were all high intensity exercises. Only the fitball exercise showed higher EMG activity in the biceps femoris compared with the semitendinosus. Only lunge and kettle swings showed peak EMG in the muscle-tendon unit lengthening phase and both these exercises involved faster speed. Conclusion: Some exercises selectively activated the lateral and medial distal hamstrings. Low, medium, and high intensity exercises were demonstrated. This information enables the clinician, strength and conditioning coach and physiotherapist to better understand intensity-and muscle-specific activation during hamstring muscle rehabilitation. Therefore, these results may help in designing progressive strengthening and rehabilitation and prevention programs.
Evaluation of Groundwater Movement in the Frenchman Flat CAU Using Geochemical and Isotopic Analysis

The principal pathway for radionuclide migration from underground tests in Frenchman Flat, on the Nevada Test Site, to the accessible environment is groundwater flow. Two potential pathways for radionuclide transport via groundwater have been identified from hydrologic data: (1) radionuclide transport downward from the alluvial and volcanic aquifers into the underlying carbonate aquifer; and (2) radionuclide transport laterally to the carbonate aquifer surrounding Frenchman Flat. This report presents an evaluation of geochemical and environmental isotopic data to test these potential pathways and to identify other groundwater flowpaths in, and out of, Frenchman Flat.
Geophysical modeling via simultaneous joint inversion of seismic, gravity, and electromagnetic data: Application to prestack depth imaging

Geophysical modeling of multiple geophysical parameters can take place reliably through the simultaneous joint inversion of the different geophysical domains. The desired objective is the derivation of a model expressing different geophysical properties of the Earth but, at the same time, showing consistency among the parameters. This concept, generally referred to as data integration, is widespread in geophysics but the way of achieving it is not obvious. Several authors have proposed different approaches where data, interpretation, and experience all contributed to the task. The result is that no general workflows could be defined that left ample margins for uncertainties and personal judgment.
Improved Bounds for the Excluded Grid Theorem

We study the Excluded Grid Theorem of Robertson and Seymour. This is a fundamental result in graph theory, that states that there is some function $f: Z^+\rightarrow Z^+$, such that for all integers $g>0$, every graph of treewidth at least $f(g)$ contains the $(g\times g)$-grid as a minor. Until recently, the best known upper bounds on $f$ were super-exponential in $g$. A recent work of Chekuri and Chuzhoy provided the first polynomial bound, by showing that treewidth $f(g)=O(g^{98}\operatorname{poly}\log g)$ is sufficient to ensure the existence of the $(g\times g)$-grid minor in any graph. In this paper we improve this bound to $f(g)=O(g^{19}\operatorname{poly}\log g)$. We introduce a number of new techniques, including a conceptually simple and almost entirely self-contained proof of the theorem that achieves a polynomial bound on $f(g)$.
Interdecadal Variability of the South American Precipitation in the Monsoon Season

AbstractInterdecadal variability modes of monsoon precipitation over South America (SA) are provided by a continental-scale rotated empirical orthogonal function analysis, and their connections to well-known climatic indices and SST anomalies are examined. The analysis, carried out for austral spring and summer, uses a comprehensive set of station data assembled and verified for the period 1950–2000. The presented modes are robust, consistent with previous regional-scale studies and with modes obtained from longer time series over smaller domains. Opposite phases of the main modes show differences around 50% in monthly precipitation. There are significant relationships between the interdecadal variability in spring and summer, indicating local and remote influences. The first modes for both seasons are dipole-like, displaying opposite anomalies in central-east and southeast SA. They tend to reverse polarity from spring to summer. Yet the summer second mode and its related spring fourth mode, which affect .
Downward Arctic Oscillation signal associated with moderate weak stratospheric polar vortex and the cold December 2009

The climatic anomalies and related mechanism for the cold December 2009 in Northern Hemisphere are analyzed preliminarily. It is revealed that both anomalously low monthly mean temperature and more extreme cold days occurred over many areas of mid‐latitude Northern Hemisphere in this December. This cold condition can be accounted for by the extreme negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) at surface level, which is the lowest one for the past 31 years. It is shown that the negative surface AO in December is closely associated with the downward propagating anomalies from the stratosphere, implying the involvement of stratospheric processes in this cold month. Since the preceding stratospheric signal is not as strong as those reported in previous studies, it suggests that some relatively weaker stratospheric anomalies can also propagate downward and influence the troposphere.
Abstract. MicroRNA (miR) are a class of small non-coding RNA that are able to inhibit gene expression by directly binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNA and thus promote translational repression or mRNA degradation

MicroRNA (miR) are a class of small non-coding RNA that are able to inhibit gene expression by directly binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNA and thus promote translational repression or mRNA degradation. Recently, miR-9 was reported to have a suppressive role in malignant melanoma; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to examine the mRNA and protein expression levels in malignant melanoma tissues and cell lines. The MTT assay and wound healing assay were used to examine the cell viability, proliferation and migratory capacities. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay were performed to investigate the relationship between miR-9 and its potential target gene. The present data revealed that miR‐9 expression was significantly downregulated in malignant melanoma tissues when compared with their matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. Furthermore, the expression levels of miR-9 were reduced in malignant melanoma cell lines when compared with human normal skin HACAT cells. Moreover, the ectopic expression of miR‐9 significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of malignant melanoma cells, accompanied with a remarkable decrease in the protein expression levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which were markedly upregulated in malignant melanoma tissues and cell lines. Additionally, restoration of SIRT1 reversed the suppressive effects of miR-9 on the proliferation and migration of malignant melanoma cells. Luciferase reporter assay data further identified SIRT1 as a direct target gene of miR‐9. To conclude, the present findings indicate that miR‐9 has a suppressive role in malignant melanoma cell viability and migration, at least in part, via directly inhibiting the protein expression of its target gene, SIRT1. Therefore, miR-9 may serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
Tectonic fracture and its significance in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation: a case study on middle and lower Ordovician in Tabei Uplift of Tarim Basin, NW China

Middle and lower Ordovician carbonate rock in the Tabei Uplift of the Tarim Basin forms important fractured reservoir beds. Core and log data indicate that tectonic fractures, as the main fractures in the Tabei Uplift, could be mainly classified into two types: oblique fractures and approximately vertical fractures. The fractures are mainly NNW‐trending and NNE‐trending, coincident with the large faults nearby. Fracture abundance was also controlled by lithology, and faults nearby played a significant role. Cores, thin sections and tests show that these carbonate rocks have as much as 2.5% fracture porosity and as much as 150 md fracture permeability. Based on the intersection of fractures in cores, together with fluid inclusion temperature data, and the timing of faulting from seismic profiles, tectonic fractures were considered to be mainly formed in three periods: the late Silurian when the first‐stage oblique fractures were formed, the late Permian when approximately vertical fractures were formed, and the late Tertiary when the second‐stage oblique fractures were formed. Lower Cambrian source rocks started to enter the stage of generous hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in the Silurian. Ordovician source rocks started to enter the stage of generous hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in the Permian and enter the over‐mature stage in the late Tertiary when light oil was generated. Timing of tectonic fractures formation and burial history analysis suggest that fractures formation might coincide with oil accumulation when fractures provided the pathway and storage space for the low permeability and low porosity reservoir beds caused by previous compaction and cementation. Considering the presence of a large amount of fracture‐developed dolomite in the deeper Ordovician Penglaiba Formation, the undrilled Penglaiba Formation should be paid more attention. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of ENSO on rainfall characteristics in the tropical peatland areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract The effect of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on rainfall characteristics in the tropical peatland areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, is demonstrated. This research used rainfall data collected between 1978 and 2008. The results suggest a relationship between ENSO events and the trend in rainfall observed in the study area. Further analyses show that El Niño events have a stronger effect on the rainfall compared to La Niña events. El Niño events were also correlated to the increase in the number of days with less than 1 mm of rainfall in the dry season. The analysis reveals that the impact of El Niño events on rainfall in dry seasons is intensifying annually. Furthermore, ENSO events are not the only factors affecting rainfall trends in the observed area. Other factors, such as deforestation, may also affect the trend. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz Citation Susilo, G.E. , Yamamoto, K. , Imai, T. , Ishii, Y. , Fukami, H. , and Sekine, M. , 2013. The effect of ENSO on rainfall characteristics in the tropical peatland areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (3), 539–548.
VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND REGENERATION OF VAN PANCHAYAT FORESTS IN KUMAUN HIMALAYA, UTTARAKHAND

Study deals with the vegetation structure and regeneration in Van Panchayat forests in Nainital of Kumaun Himalaya. The analysis of forest was done in three sites i.e. hill top, hill slope and hill base forest site. Tree density in Jungalia and Soangaon Van Panchayats ranged from 80-2070 and 50-5270 individual ha -1 respectively. Importance value index was 8.11-137.29 in Jungalia gaon Van Panchayat while 15.65-143.04 in Soangaon Van Panchayat. Species diversity ranged from 0.09-1.97 in Jungalia gaon and 0.17-0.44 in Soangaon Van Panchayat. The occurrence of higher number of seedlings in both the Van Panchayat showed good regeneration potential of tree species. International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015 Page: 69-80
Russian nesting dolls effect – Using wavelet analysis to reveal non‐stationary and nested stationary signals in water yield from catchments on a northern forested landscape

Determining catchment responses to climate signals gives insight into the potential effects of climate change. This study tested the hypothesis that a 28‐year time series of water yields from four headwater catchments in the Turkey Lakes Watershed (TLW), Ontario contains signals of non‐stationary climate change and naturally occurring stationary climate oscillations and that the effects of these signals are greater in catchments with lower rates of change in water loading and lower water storage capacity (small wetlands). Non‐stationary trends explained 0%, 18%, 44%, and 52% of the variance in the water yields of the four catchments. Wavelet analysis using Morlet wavelets identified stationary responses at multiple temporal scales, increasing the amount of variance explained to 56%, 63%, 76%, and 81% when combining stationary and non‐stationary models. The catchment with low water loading and low water storage was most sensitive to non‐stationary and stationary signals, suggesting that these catchments act as sentinels to detect climatic signals. Wavelet coherence analysis revealed correlations between global climate oscillation indices and water yield. The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index was strongly correlated with both temperature and precipitation (R2 = 0.46, P < 0.001 and R2 of 0.34, P < 0.001, respectively). Temperature in the TLW increased by 0.067 °C per year from 1981 to 2008, but approximately 0.037 °C of this increase can be explained by the AMO index. While it is likely that anthropogenic climate change impacts water yields, it is important to account for multiple nested climate oscillations to avoid exaggerating its effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Evolving Role of Intra-arterial Chemotherapy in Adult and Pediatric Cancers: A Comprehensive Review

The development of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) was driven by an ambition to mitigate systemic side effects, enhance the bioavailability of drugs, and optimize the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. While the initial research on IAC primarily examined its effectiveness in treating various liver malignancies, the application of this treatment has undergone significant advancements since its introduction. The primary objective of this article is to examine the current range of utilization of IAC, both with and without radiotherapy, while also evaluating the results of relevant clinical trials. Furthermore, this article explores potential future advancements and opportunities in this field. From the scoping review of available articles, it can be concluded that IAC is an effective treatment alternative and, sometimes, a better first-line option, but there is a need for more evidence to make IAC a regular treatment option available for patients.
Is Delayed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Associated With a Risk of New Meniscal Tears? Reevaluating a Longstanding Paradigm

Background: Delayed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been associated with an increased risk of meniscal tears. However, studies comparing early versus delayed ACL reconstruction have not clearly demonstrated that meniscal tears diagnosed arthroscopically are new injuries as opposed to concomitant injuries sustained during ACL rupture. Purpose: To determine whether and how delay of ACL reconstruction is associated with risk of “new” meniscal tears (defined as those visualized arthroscopically that had not been detected on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) in adult and pediatric patients. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction between 2013 and 2022 at our institution. To ensure that MRI reflected initial intra-articular pathology, we included only patients who had an MRI scan within 3 weeks after injury (173 pediatric and 369 adult patients). Multivariate Poisson regression was performed to calculate the adjusted relative risk (ARR) of new meniscal tears after delayed (≥8 weeks from injury) operative treatment. Results: The mean (± SD) time from injury to MRI was 1.0 ± 0.8 weeks for pediatric patients and 1.1 ± 0.7 weeks for adults. Less than half of the meniscal tears observed arthroscopically had been absent on initial MRI. New medial meniscal tears occurred in 15% of pediatric patients and 16% of adults. New lateral meniscal tears occurred in 48% of pediatric patients and 34% of adults. Among pediatric patients, delayed ACL reconstruction was associated with higher risk of new medial tears (ARR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.5-10) but not lateral tears (ARR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.4-1.5). In contrast, adults had no significant increase in risk of meniscal tears associated with operative delay. Conclusion: Delayed ACL reconstruction may be acceptable in adults, who may be less active and less injury-prone than children and adolescents.
Donor Bone Marrow Derived Macrophage Engraftment into the Central Nervous System of Allogeneic Transplant Patients

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a well known treatment of hematologic malignancies wherein nascent stem cells provide a regenerating marrow and immunotherapy against the tumor. The progeny of hematopoietic stem cells also populate a wide spectrum of tissues, including the brain, as bone marrow derived macrophages similar to microglial cells. We developed a sensitive and novel combined IHC and XY FISH assay to detect, quantify and characterize donor cells in the cerebral cortex of 19 female allogeneic stem cell transplant patients. We show that the number of male donor cells ranged from 0.14-3.0% of total cells or 1.2-25% of microglial cells. Using tyramide based fluorescent IHC we found at least 80% of the donor cells express the microglial marker Iba1 consistent with being bone marrow derived macrophages. The percentage of donor cells was related to pretransplant conditioning; donor cells from radiation based myeloablative cases averaged 8.1% of microglial cells, while those from non-myeloablative cases averaged only 1.3%. The number of donor cells in patients conditioned with Busulfan or Treosulfan based myeloablation were similar to TBI based conditioning; donor cells averaged 6.8% of microglial cells. Notably, patients who received multiple transplants and those with the longest post-transplant survival had the highest level of donor engraftment, with donor cells averaging 16.3% of microglial cells. Our work represents the largest study characterizing bone marrow-derived macrophages in post-transplant patients. The efficiency of engraftment observed in our study warrants future research on microglial replacement as a therapeutic option for disorders of the central nervous system.
Carrier Network Structures and the Spatial Distribution of Air Traffic in the European Air Transport Market, 1996-2006

This paper characterises and compares the spatial distribution of air traffic in the US and Europe across the network of airports for both continents for the period 1996 to 2006, using annual airline schedules from the Official Airline Guide databases. Several measures of traffic concentration are presented. By decomposing the overall spatial distribution of traffic, aspects of individual airline behaviour may be measured and contrasted, along with measures of multi-market contact among groups of carriers. European and US airlines are characterised in terms of their network strategies and the extent of network competition that they face.
Globalization and the Urban Poor

The focus of this paper is the effect of contemporary globalization on poverty and inequality in cities of the ? global south? Specifically it addresses the impact of globalization on marginalized communities? slums, squatter settlements and shantytowns? collectively called ? informal settlements? This is a timely issue given that over the next 25 years virtually all of the population growth worldwide will be in the cities of developing countries largely concentrated in such settlements. The paper takes a critical look at current assumptions about globalization, urban poverty, and inequality, distinguishing between different constructs and aspects of globalization and separating causality from co-terminality. It questions how the informal sector would fare in the face of advanced capitalism and technological transformations, absent the global component. Using Brazil as an example the paper draws comparisons between the lives of the poor during the isolationist period of ? import substitution? and the military dictatorship and their current lives in the context of pervasive globalization of ideas, icons, and identities. The findings are based on a longitudinal panel study conducted in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro between 1968 and 2005, examining the changes over time, space and generations. The presumed effects of globalization on the lives of the urban poor, on the levels of inequality between them and the rest of the city and on public policy are thrown into question. The answers are sought in the people? s perceptions of the impact of globalization on their lives, in the historic transformations of the country and city, and in the life history, survey data and open-ended interviews collected over this 35-year period.