Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical modelling of seismic wave propagation along the plate contact of the Hellenic Subduction Zone—the influence of a deep subduction channel

SUMMARY We model seismic wave propagation from intermediate depth earthquakes in a subduction zone using a 2-D Chebyshev pseudospectral method. Particular attention is directed to the influence of a deep, low-viscosity subduction channel on top of the plate contact where metamorphic rocks may be exhumed by forced return flow. The study is motivated by observations of complicated dispersive and high-amplitude P- and S-wave trains in the forearc of the Hellenic Subduction Zone. The basic model is a subducted slab with a thin oceanic crust forming a lowvelocity layer. Our model setup closely follows recent results on the structure of the Hellenic Subduction Zone obtained from receiver functions and surface wave studies. They exhibit an abrupt change of the dip of the downgoing slab at about 70 km depth. The subduction channel is modelled as a thin, wedge-shaped layer of intermediate seismic velocity above a slower oceanic crust and below a faster overlying mantle wedge. We also look into the effects of a continuous phase transition from basalt to eclogite in the subducted oceanic crust and near-surface crustal structures. In all models, wave propagation is characterized by dispersive guided channel waves trapped in the low-velocity subducted crust. They produce high-amplitude arrivals in the forearc. A fast guided wave train (gP) originates from the direct P wave and a slower one (gS) from the direct S wave. Guided waves are radiated into the overlying mantle where the dip of the slab is abruptly changing. Seismogram sections for models without a subduction channel typically show two spatially separated guided wave trains, one following the oceanic crust and one travelling more steeply towards the forearc high. A subduction channel above the plate contact enhances the radiation effect of gP waves at the slab bend due to the weaker velocity contrast and inhibits the separation of the wave trains. In models with additional near-surface crustal structures the wave field is dominated by reverberations. However, guided waves remain discernible in seismogram sections because of their high amplitudes. When a basalt to eclogite phase transition is considered, guided waves are preferentially generated in the presence of a subduction channel. A pronounced gP-wave train develops particularly for sources inside this channel. On the contrary, guided waves are hardly distinct for sources below the subducted crust.
POAM II ozone observations in the Antarctic ozone hole in 1994, 1995, and 1996

We present an overview of Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) II satellite-based observations of ozone in the Antarctic ozone hole in 1994, 1995, and 1996. The POAM II observations are consistent with previous observations suggesting that ozone loss in the ozone hole is confined to the polar vortex. Ozone concentrations are observed to decrease by nearly a factor of 10 near 20 km during the ozone hole formation period, and a reduction in ozone was observed up to 24 km. The timing of ozone loss and recovery was similar in each year. Ozone concentrations begin to decrease in July, and the period of largest depletion observed by POAM II occurs between early September and early October, when the observations are obtained at high southern latitudes (82°–88°S) near the vortex center. However, ozone concentrations were consistently lower (by about 10%) in 1996, throughout the ozone hole altitude region and time period, than in the other two years. We have also used the POAM II observations to compute vertical profiles of monthly averaged ozone photochemical loss rates as a function of potential temperature in August (450–800 K) and September (450–700 K) of each year, incorporating a correction for diabatic descent. We find that the ozone loss rates are not significantly different from zero in August 1994 at any potential temperature level. However, we do find significant chemical loss in August 1995 below 600 K, and in August 1996 at all levels up to 700 K. Maximum monthly averaged ozone chemical loss rates occurred in September near 500 K in each year (1994: 0.1±0.004 parts per million by volume per day (ppmv/d); 1995 and 1996: 0.08±0.004 ppmv/d). Generally, in September, loss rates were larger in 1994 than in 1995 and 1996 below 550 K, and above 550 K the largest loss rates occurred in 1996. We find significant chemical loss up to at least 700 K in September in all three years. Finally, the POAM II observations show that in late spring, after the ozone hole chemical processing has been completed, ozone mixing ratios are lower inside the Antarctic vortex (relative to outside the vortex) at all levels between at least 450 K and 1500 K, presumably resulting from a combination of dynamical and chemical effects.
Copeptin analysis in endocrine disorders

Copeptin is cleaved from the same precursor as arginine vasopressin and is released in equimolar amounts with arginine vasopressin from the posterior pituitary in response to the same stimuli. Its level of stability in the blood, quick and simple analysis, and ease of automation make it much easier to analyze than arginine vasopressin, thereby offering a suitable alternative to measuring arginine vasopressin in endocrine disorders. Research has demonstrated the suitability of copeptin in adults for the differentiation of arginine vasopressin resistance and arginine vasopressin deficiency from primary polydipsia, in addition to the early identification of arginine vasopressin deficiency following pituitary surgery; however, further research is still required in the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) and the pediatric population.
Stochastic models of floods

There are essentially two different approaches to the problem of flood analysis. One corresponds to the streamflow annual flood series (AFS); and the other to the streamflow partial duration series (PDS). Here we discuss characteristics of these approaches. Three stochastic models of floods presented in this paper are based on the streamflow PDS. Each model depends on certain assumptions concerning properties of exceedances of a base level x0. The second and third models represent improvement vis-a-vis the first one in the sense that they are based on less restrictive assumptions. The time when the largest exceedance occurs is also studied, and the distribution of this time is determined. Each exceedance is characterized, roughly speaking, by its duration and its volume. Here a method is proposed for determining the distribution of this volume. The distribution function of the largest volume in an interval of time [0,t] is also given. Good agreement between theoretical and observed distributions shows that the assumptions concerning the exceedances are not unduly restrictive.
U-Pb zircon ages from the Bindal Batholith, and the tectonic history of the Helgeland Nappe Complex, Scandinavian Caledonides

The Helgeland Nappe Complex forms part of the Uppermost Allochthon in the central Scandinavian Caledonides. It consists of metasupracrustal rocks of assumed Precambrian age which are juxtaposed with metasupracrustal rocks present as non-conformable cover sequences to subjacent fragments of Early Ordovician ophiolitic rocks. All of these rock units have been intruded by the Bindal Batholith, which ranges in composition from mafic gabbro to leucogranite. In this paper, U-Pb zircon ages from five plutons in the southern part of the batholith are presented. These are a porphyritic granite of the Andalshatten pluton (447 ± 7 Ma), a tonalite from the Kråkfjellet pluton (443 ± 7 Ma), a granodiorite west of Gåsvassfjellet (437 ± 4 Ma), the Kalvvatnet monzonite (435 ± 10 Ma), and a monzodiorite near Tosbotn (430 ± 7 Ma). The dates are essentially concordant and are considered to reflect the crystallization ages of the intrusions. Based on regional correlations and the age of the oldest of the dated plutons, it is concluded that internal accretion and polyphase tectonometamorphism of the Helgeland Nappe Complex took place in Ordovician times. The final Silurian (Scandian) thrusting of the nappe stack across the continent of Baltica appears to post-date emplacement of the Bindal Batholith.
Determination of Multidirectional p-y Curves for Soft Clays

The evaluation of performance of soil-pile-structure systems under seismic loading is one of the most complex problems in earthquake engineering. In the most common methodology, force-displacement curves are used to describe the nonlinear response of discrete soil springs connecting the piles to the “free-field” soil column using the concept of beam on nonlinear Winkler foundation. Although there is a great interest and on-going research to characterize the multi-directional “free-field” soil response, there is a lack of information and experimental data to formulate p-y curves in multi-directional loading conditions. A new testing device was designed and constructed to obtain high quality data to calibrate numerical tools used to evaluate the seismic performance of structures supported on deep foundations in soft clay. A suite of different ground displacement path scenarios observed during recent earthquakes was simulated to assess the effect of displacement history on measured p-y response.
INT-767—A Dual Farnesoid-X Receptor (FXR) and Takeda G Protein-Coupled Receptor-5 (TGR5) Agonist Improves Survival in Rats and Attenuates Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Intestinal ischemia is a potentially catastrophic emergency, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Currently, no specific pharmacological treatments are available. Previous work demonstrated that pre-treatment with obeticholic acid (OCA) protected against ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Recently, a more potent and water-soluble version has been synthesized: Intercept 767 (INT-767). The aim of this study was to investigate if intravenous treatment with INT-767 can improve outcomes after IRI. In a validated rat model of IRI (60 min ischemia + 60 min reperfusion), three groups were investigated (n = 6/group): (i) sham: surgery without ischemia; (ii) IRI + vehicle; and (iii) IRI + INT-767. The vehicle (0.9% NaCl) or INT-767 (10 mg/kg) were administered intravenously 15 min after start of ischemia. Endpoints were 7-day survival, serum injury markers (L-lactate and I-FABP), histology (Park–Chiu and villus length), permeability (transepithelial electrical resistance and endotoxin translocation), and cytokine expression. Untreated, IRI was uniformly lethal by provoking severe inflammation and structural damage, leading to translocation and sepsis. INT-767 treatment significantly improved survival by reducing inflammation and preserving intestinal structural integrity. This study demonstrates that treatment with INT-767 15 min after onset of intestinal ischemia significantly decreases IRI and improves survival. The ability to administer INT-767 intravenously greatly enhances its clinical potential.
Olanzapine-induced oculogyric crisis in a patient with mania without psychotic symptoms: a case report

Introduction and importance: Oculogyric crisis (OGC), marked by upward eye deviation, is rare and linked to diverse causes, including drugs and neurological conditions. This study details a 16-year-old male’s OGC onset after olanzapine treatment for an initial mania episode, highlighting the need to recognize this potential side effect. Case presentation: A 16-year-old male with nonpsychotic mania was treated with olanzapine and sodium valproate. On day 30, he developed OCG due to olanzapine, managed with medication. After discharge, similar ocular symptoms emerged. Gradual olanzapine tapering alongside anticholinergic administration led to symptom relief. The Young Mania Rating Scale score decreased; psychoeducation was provided to the patient and family. Discussion: This study presents an exceptional case of olanzapine-induced OGC, a rare dystonic eye movement reaction. The patient’s presentation matched OGC criteria, confirmed by a high Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score. Unusually, symptoms appeared 30 days postolanzapine initiation. A thorough assessment ruled out alternative causes. Mechanisms, possibly related to dopamine-choline balance and receptor sensitivity, remain uncertain. Despite atypical antipsychotics’ lower risk, olanzapine’s moderate D2 receptor binding led to this unusual response. Management involved dose reduction and anticholinergic therapy. Conclusion: This case report highlights the rare occurrence of olanzapine-induced OCG in a patient with nonpsychotic mania. Effective management requires proper history taking, examination, regular follow-up, monitoring, and appropriate medication use. The case demonstrates the need for caution when increasing olanzapine dose in manic patients with untreated mental illness and a history of neurological symptoms.
Malta Escarpment fault zone offshore eastern Sicily: Pliocene‐Quaternary tectonic evolution based on new multichannel seismic data

The Malta Escarpment represents the dominant morphological feature offshore eastern Sicily, linking the deep Ionian basin to the east with the Hyblean carbonate platform to the west. Interpretation of purposely acquired multichannel seismic data allows division of the Malta Escarpment into two portions characterized by different tectonic structures. Along the segment south of Siracusa the Malta Escarpment is not affected by recent faulting and appears as a steep surface that flattens out toward the Ionian basin. A recent deformation, characterized by a broad area of uplift, occurs 20–30 km east from the slope, along a NNW‐SSE trend. The segment of the Malta Escarpment extending north of Siracusa, on the other hand, is characterized by the presence of NNW‐SSE, east dipping recent extensional faults and related sedimentary basins. The observed structural features support the occurrence of a lithospheric tear between the Ionian oceanic basin and the Hyblean plateau.
Morphology and Formation of Armored Mud Balls on Revadanda Beach, Western India

ABSTRACT Armored mud balls (AMB) on Revadanda Beach, on the west coast of India, are formed in the intertidal zone over a monsoonal seasonal cycle. The AMB are similar in shape to those reported from marine and lacustrine shorelines and the barrier-island environment, but unlike similar areas where the core is derived from erosion of muddy cliffs, at our study site the source of mud is a surficial deposit on the lower beach. Angular and discoidal blocks released from the crack zone, located seaward, are rounded and thinned by rolling about the major axis and are armored by adhesion during the dry season. Evaluation of AMB morphology indicates sedimentological and monsoonal control on their formation and evolution.
A Discrepancy Aware Framework for Robust Anomaly Detection

Defect detection is a critical research area in artificial intelligence. Recently, synthetic data-based self-supervised learning has shown great potential on this task. Although many sophisticated synthesizing strategies exist, little research has been done to investigate the robustness of models when faced with different strategies. In this article, we focus on this issue and find that existing methods are highly sensitive to them. To alleviate this issue, we present a discrepancy aware framework (DAF), which demonstrates robust performance consistently with simple and cheap strategies across different anomaly detection benchmarks. We hypothesize that the high sensitivity to synthetic data of existing self-supervised methods arises from their heavy reliance on the visual appearance of synthetic data during decoding. In contrast, our method leverages an appearance-agnostic cue to guide the decoder in identifying defects, thereby alleviating its reliance on synthetic appearance. To this end, inspired by existing knowledge distillation methods, we employ a teacher-student network, which is trained based on synthesized outliers, to compute the discrepancy map as the cue. Extensive experiments on two challenging datasets prove the robustness of our method. Under the simple synthesis strategies, it outperforms existing methods by a large margin. Furthermore, it also achieves the state-of-the-art localization performance.
Oxygen isotopes as a valuable tool for measuring annual growth in tropical trees that lack distinct annual rings

Some trees from tropical areas lack visually detectable and consistent annual growth rings. As such, we have measured the radial variation of cellulose oxygen isotopes in trees that grow in seasonally dry forests of Northern Laos to explore the possibility if this method can be used for the identification of annual rings. One disk from a 7-year-old Styrax tonkinensis (S. tonkinensis) in plantation and two cores from two Ficus semicordata var. semicordata (F. semicordata) in forests were examined. High-resolution cellulose oxygen isotopes of S. tonkinensis and F. semicordata show clear cycles with amplitudes of 5‰ and 9‰, respectively. To further test if the oxygen isotope cycles that we observed are annual or not, a tree ring cellulose oxygen isotope model is employed. Input data of the model are relative humidity and modeled precipitation δ 18 O. The modeling results independently support our detection of oxygen isotope annual cycles. Therefore, we conclude that tree ring cellulose oxygen isotopes have great potential to identify annual rings in tropical trees, which typically lack distinct annual rings in the context of seasonal climate.
Zircon age constraints on sediment provenance in the Caspian region

Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb ages for detrital zircons from the Caspian region reveal the age ranges of basement terrains that supplied the sediment. One sample from the modern Volga river has groupings at c. 340–370 Ma, c. 900–1300 Ma and c. 1450–1800 Ma, with a small number of older zircons. This is consistent with derivation from the Precambrian basement of the East European Craton, and Palaeozoic arcs in the Urals. Mid- and Late Proterozoic components may be derived from beyond the present Volga drainage basin, such as the Sveconorwegian orogen. A Bajocian sandstone from the Greater Caucasus has 73% zircons that post-date 350 Ma. Ages cluster at c. 165–185 Ma, c. 220–260 Ma, c. 280–360 Ma and c. 440–460 Ma. This pattern suggests derivation from Palaeozoic basement of the Greater Caucasus itself and/or the Scythian Platform, and igneous rocks generated at a Jurassic arc in the Lesser Caucasus. Four samples from the Lower Pliocene Productive Series of the South Caspian Basin have common Phanerozoic grains, and groups between c. 900–1300 Ma and 1500–2000 Ma. Each sample contains zircons dated to c. 2700 Ma. The overall age patterns in the Productive Series samples suggest a combination of East European Craton and Greater Caucasus source components.
The metamorphic field gradient in the eclogite type locality, Koralpe region, Eastern Alps

The eclogite type locality in the Eastern Alps (the Koralpe and Saualpe region) is the largest region in the Eastern Alps that preserves high‐pressure metamorphic rocks from the Eo‐Alpine orogenic event of the Cretaceous age. Thermobarometric data from the metapelitic gneisses in the region indicate that a metamorphic field gradient across the region can be divided into three parts. The northern part shows continuously increasing P–T from 10 ± 1.5 to 14 ± 1.5 kbar and 500 ± 68 to 700 ± 68 °C over a distance of 40 km. The continuous increase in P–T indicates that no major tectonic boundaries were active in this part during the Eo‐Alpine orogeny. Small discontinuities in the pressure gradient of the northern part can be correlated with more localized deformation. The central part exposes amphibolite–eclogite facies rocks with 15 ± 1.5 kbar and 700 ± 68 °C over about 20 km length. The southern part shows decreasing P–T conditions from 15 ± 1.5 to 10 ± 1.5 kbar and 700 ± 68 to 600 ± 63 °C over a distance of 10 km beyond which conditions remain roughly constant for the remainder of the profile.
‘Going to study or plan to stay on?’ Mobility profiles of Angolan and Cape Verdean students in Portugal

Although a relatively small player in the global arena of international student migration/mobility (ISM), Portugal hosts an increasing number of international students, the vast majority of whom are from its former colonies. This paper shifts the debate on ISM away from the Anglophone world by examining the future mobility intentions and outcomes of students and graduates from Angola and Cape Verde who are or were enrolled in Portuguese universities. Based on 85 interviews with 49 participants, we explore their decision‐making processes about the location of their future careers—back in their home country, in Portugal, or elsewhere. We pay particular attention to how their thinking about their future lives—and where they want to be—changes during the course of their study in Portugal. A close reading of the participants' narratives enables the construction of a fourfold typology of their sociospatial trajectories (fulfilled and envisaged) and the reasons behind them. We label them: (i) maximisers; (ii) dreamers; (iii) globally mobile; and (iv) runners. These categories are not mutually exclusive and, for any given individual, can change over time, demonstrating the complexity of international students' plans and outcomes.
Estimation of GPS Site Height by using Dynamic Hydrostatic and Wet Mapping Functions Based on Radiosonde Refractivity Profile

Based on Radiosonde Refractivity Profile Iwabuchi, T. (*1) , Rocken, C. (*2) , Johnson, J. (*2) , Van Hove, T. (*2) , and Naito, I. (*3) (*1) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science / University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder CO 80307 Corresponding author: e-mail iwabuchi@ucar.edu, Further information (homepage) http://ted.web. infoseek.co.jp/ (*2) University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, (*3) National Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo, Japan Abstract The annual component of the height time-series of GSI's routine analysis have mean amplitude of about 10 mm and show extremum around day of year (DOY) 30 and 210. We studied atmospheric contribution to the height variations. We first studied the characteristics of dynamic mapping function (DMF) based on RAOB refractivity profiles by ray tracing at 20 RAOB sites in Japan, where isotropic distribution of refractivity in spherical layers was assumed in the DMF computation. We compared the DMF with Niell's (climatic) mapping function (NMF) [1996]. We found that the computed DMF shows significant annual variation both in hydrostatic and wet terms, and synoptic scale variations are significant only in wet terms. The differences of mean mapping factor at 15degrees of elevation angle for hydrostatic and wet terms were 0.03% and 0.08%, respectively. Annual variation of hydrostatic term of NMF showed dependency on site latitude and up to 44% smaller than that in DMF. We next estimated GPS site heights in four GEONET sites by using the DMF with Bernese GPS software and compared the estimates with those by using NMF. The hydrostatic DMF was used to compute slant hydrostatic delays and the wet DMF and its derivative were used to estimate hourly zenith wet delay with daily coordinates. The difference between the two height time series of NMF and DMF showed seasonal variations of about 2-3 mm. Several day variations of about 3 mm are also seen in the difference of two height time series of NMF and DMF, where most of the seasonal trend in the difference came from hydrostatic term of DMF, and that several day variations in the difference are contributed by both hydrostatic and wet DMFs. However, the magnitude of the seasonal variations in the difference of the two height time-series are too small to explain annual height variations of about 20mm apperaed in the GSI's routine analysis.