Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on red and white karkade (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyces, extracts and their products.

4 Abstract: This study dealt with red and white karkade calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) which are found in different parts of the world especially, the tropical and subtropical areas. In Sudan karkade is grown in western parts of the country (Kordofan and Darfur). In this study the chemical composition of dry red and white Roselle calyces was studied. It was found that, the red and white karkade calyces were contained 11 and 9.3% moisture respectively. Also the following was found respectively, 0.16 and 0.12% (fat), 13.2 and 12% (fiber), 7.88 and 7.35% (protein), 10.6 and 9.5% (ash) and 57.16 and 61.55% (carbohydrates). The red and white karkade calyces were also contained 11 and 15.5 mg/100 g of vitamin C, 60 and 50 mg/100 g of calcium, 25 and 20 mg/100 g of iron and 9 and 11 mg/100 g titrable acidity, respectively. Extraction of karkade calyces was carried out using different soaking ratios ranging from 1:6 to 1:12 and different soaking periods ranging from 1-4 h. For cold extraction the best soaking ratios and soaking period for red karkade were 1:10 for 2 h and ratio of 1:12 for 3 h for white karkade. Cold and hot drinks as well as jams and marmalades were made from both types of Roselle extracts. All these products were subjected to sensory analysis and tested for preference by sensory panels using hedonic scale. The sensory evaluation of cold and hot drinks made from both kinds of red and white karkade revealed that there was no significant difference as regard to the overall preference. The sensory evaluation of jams showed that there were no difference according to it is appearance, color, flavor and overall acceptability. However, there were differences in consistency.
Electron crystallography of zeolites. 3. Calcined MCM-22 and MCM-49, a case of subtle differences

Abstract Single crystal electron diffraction intensity data, analyzed by direct methods for determining crystallographic phases, have been employed to seek differences between the crystal structures of calcined MCM-22 and MCM-49. A direct comparison of hk0 intensity data indicates such a difference and this is justified further when the respective structural models are refined. The MCM-22 data agree well with the ITQ-1 Si-framework model, but without adding the extraneous interstitial atoms imposed in an earlier powder X-ray diffraction determination. The T-sites in MCM-49 are placed similarly to the ones in MCM-22 but Fourier refinement indicates the presence of an oxygen site not seen for MCM-22. Also one of the oxygen positions found in MCM-22 is not observed in the MCM-49 potential maps.
Does Sports Make People Happier, or Do Happy People More Sports?

We contribute to the happiness literature by analyzing the causal relationship between sports and happiness. Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), we find a positive correlation between sports participation and reported life satisfaction. This relationship is stronger at younger and older ages than in middle age, and for people in bad health compared to those in average health. We further provide evidence for both causal directions. It turns out that the causal impact of engaging in sports on happiness is about four times higher than the effect of happiness on engaging in sports.
Contrasting Perspectives on the Comfort and Safety of Pedestrians Interacting with Other Road Users

Assessments of interactions between road users are crucial to understanding comfort and safety. However, observers may vary in their perceptions and ratings of road user interactions. The objective of this paper is to examine how perceptions of yielding, comfort, and safety for pedestrian interactions vary among observers, ranging from members of the public to road safety experts. Video clips of pedestrian interactions with motor vehicles and bicycles were collected from 11 crosswalks and shown to three groups of participants (traffic safety experts, an engaged citizen advisory group, and members of the general public) along with questions about yielding, comfort, and risk of injury. Experts had similar views of yielding and comfort to the other two groups, but a consistently lower assessment of injury risk for pedestrians in the study. Respondent socio-demographics did not relate to perceptions of yielding, comfort, or risk, but self-reported travel habits did. Respondents who reported walking more frequently rated pedestrian comfort as lower, and respondents who reported cycling more frequently rated risk as lower for pedestrian interactions with both motor vehicles and bicycles. Findings suggest small groups of engaged citizens can provide useful information about public perspectives on safety that likely diverge from expert assessments of risk, and that sample representation should be assessed in relation to travel habits rather than socio-demographics.
FLAVONOIDS AS CHEMOSYSTEMATIC MARKERS IN CHILEAN SPECIES OF DRIMYS J.R. FORST. ET G. FORST. (WINTERACEAE)

Se aislaron trece flavonoides de las hojas de tres especies de Drimys (Winteraceae), una endemica de Juan Fernandez (D. confertifolia) y dos nativas de Chile continental (D. winteri y D. andina). Los flavonoides fueron caracterizados por la combinacion de sus caracteristicas espectroscopicas al ultravioleta, valores de Rf y cambio de color al reaccionar con vapores de NH4 bajo luz ultravioleta. La comparacion de flavonoides se hizo por cromatografia en placa fina sobre poliamida, cromatografia liquida de alta eficiencia y por cromatografia descendente en papel Whatman No3. Con los patrones de flavonoides, se realizo un analisis fenetico usando el indice Baroni-Urbani & Buser para evaluar la similitud entre las especies. Los resultados sugieren que la especie endemica D. confertifolia esta mas relacionada con D. winteri. Las tres especies analizadas son muy distintas en sus contenidos de flavonoides. Los resultados quimicos son congruentes con la separacion de estos taxa a nivel especifico
Shoulder patients in primary and specialist health care. A cross-sectional study

Abstract Objectives Shoulder pain is a prevalent problem and has a considerable impact on the use of primary and specialist health care in Norway. It is important to improve short-term recovery and reduce long-term consequences regarding pain and disability, the high costs of treatment and the amount of sick-leave. Treatment for non-specific shoulder pain is mainly non-operative. The aims of this study were to investigate if there are differences in main characteristics, pain and disability (SPADI-score) and psycho-social factors between patients in primary and specialist health care. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients consulting physiotherapy in primary health care and patients at an outpatient clinic in specialist health care. Well-known and tested questionnaires for these populations were used and variables were divided into clinical, sociodemographic, psycho-social, and shoulder pain and disability. Descriptive statistics were applied. Two-sample t-test and linear regression were used for continuous data whereas chi-square tests and logistic regression were applied to test differences in categorical data between the two study populations. Results Two hundred and 36 patients were recruited from primary health care (FYSIOPRIM, Physiotherapy In Primary Care) and 167 from specialist health care. Patients in primary health care reported less regular use of pain medication (30.7 vs. 61.3%) and fewer patients had symptom duration >12 months (41.9 vs. 51.0%). Furthermore, they reported lower pain intensity, less shoulder pain and disability (SPADI-score), lower scores on psycho-social factors, but higher on expectations of recovery. Conclusions Patients with shoulder pain treated in primary health care and in specialist health care are different according to factors such as duration of symptoms, pain and disability, and some of the psycho-social variables. However, the differences are small and the variations within the two study samples is large. Patients treated in primary health care seemed to be less affected and to have higher expectations concerning their recovery. However, based on our results we may question why many patients are referred to specialist health care rather than continuing treatment in primary health care.
Superficial, shallow and reactive: How a small state news media covers politics

Abstract This article illustrates how the crisis of the news media is impacting political coverage in Iceland. Perceptions of routine political coverage in the Icelandic media have not been studied before, and this article fills this research gap and situates the Icelandic case within the wider news media crisis literature. My exploration is guided by two research questions. The first focuses on how journalists and politicians in Iceland perceive political coverage in the Icelandic media and how the coverage is seen to affect their working practices. The second question concerns how the public in Iceland perceives political news content. Findings show that, according to journalists and politicians, the mix of mainly commercial funding models and the smallness of the media market results in even more superficial and problematic coverage than in larger states. Survey answers illustrate that the public mostly agrees with interviewee perceptions concerning how the Icelandic media covers politics.
Interferon-γ Response of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infected Goats to Recombinant and Synthetic Mycobacterial Antigens

Despite its potential for early diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection, the IFN-γ release assay is not used routinely, because of low specificity of the established crude antigen preparation Johnin (PPDj). Limited data are available assessing the potential of MAP-derived protein and lipopeptide antigens to replace PPDj in assays for goats, while cattle and sheep have been studied more extensively. Furthermore, MAP infection is claimed to interfere with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis when other crude antigen preparations (PPDb, PPDa) are applied. In this study, the diagnostic potential of MAP-derived recombinant protein antigens, synthetic MAP lipopentapeptides and of Mycobacterium bovis-specific peptide cocktails was assessed compared to crude mycobacterial antigen preparations in experimentally infected goats. Goats were inoculated with MAP, or Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) as surrogate for environmental mycobacteria, non-exposed animals served as controls. Mycobacterium avium Complex-specific antibody and PPDj-induced IFN-γ responses were monitored in vivo. Infection status was assessed by pathomorphological findings and bacteriological tissue culture at necropsy 1 year after inoculation. The IFN-γ response to 13 recombinant protein antigens of MAP, two synthetic MAP lipopentapeptides and three recombinant peptide cocktails of Mycobacterium bovis was investigated at three defined time points after infection. At necropsy, MAP or MAH infection was confirmed in all inoculated goats, no signs of infection were found in the controls. Antibody formation was first detected 3–6 weeks post infection (wpi) in MAH-inoculated and 11–14 wpi in the MAP-inoculated goats. Maximum PPDj-induced IFN-γ levels in MAH and MAP exposed animals were recorded 3–6 and 23–26 wpi, respectively. Positive responses continued with large individual variation. Antigens Map 0210c, Map 1693c, Map 2020, Map 3651cT(it), and Map 3651c stimulated increased whole blood IFN-γ levels in several MAP-inoculated goats compared to MAH inoculated and control animals. These IFN-γ levels correlated with the intensity of the PPDj-induced responses. The two synthetic lipopentapeptides and the other MAP-derived protein antigens had no discriminatory potential. Stimulation with Mycobacterium bovis peptide cocktails ESAT6-CFP10, Rv3020c, and Rv3615c did not elicit IFN-γ production. Further work is required to investigate if test sensitivity will increase when mixtures of the MAP-derived protein antigens are applied.
Method of improve the level of product quality

Abstract Meeting customers’ requirements and achieved the right level of product quality is key action of enterprises. It is being done by controlling the product, using for example non-destructive testing (NDT). But the NDT not indicating what is the root of incompatibility. Additionally, previous research does not include the decision methods, which would be related the identify the causes of the problem as part of improving the product quality. Therefore, the aim is supporting the process of improving the product quality level in the context of precisely identify the incompatibility and the root of their occurrence with including the solve decision problem. In this aim, it was assumed that using after the NDT research in connection way: brainstorming, cause and effect diagram, AHP method (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process) and the 5Why method, will be allowed on effective identify the root of the problem. The method test was carried out for the porosity on a welded mechanical seal made of steel 410, which was identified by the fluorescence method (FPI) in Podkarpacie enterprise. The analysis has shown the effectiveness of using after NDT the combined methods as part of identifying the incompatibility and precisely identifying the root of its occurrence in context of solving the decision problem. The proposed method can be used to improving the quality of other products, for example from the aviation and automotive industry, as part of meeting customer requirements. Originality is the combined NDT research with quality management techniques and supported the process of improving the quality level of the product by implementing in this sequence the fuzzy multicriteria decision method.
Translational energy dependence of the Cl + CH4(v b = 0, 1) reactions: a joint crossed-beam and quasiclassical trajectory study

The Cl + CH4(v b = 0, 1) reactions were studied over a wide range of collision energies, from threshold up to 20 kcal mol−1, using joint experimental and theoretical methods. Experiments were performed under crossed-beam conditions using a time-sliced velocity imaging detection method. Both the pair-correlated integral and differential cross sections were measured. Theoretically, quasiclassical trajectory calculations were performed on a highly accurate ab initio potential energy surface. The computed results show very good agreement with experimental findings. The underlying reaction mechanisms are as below: the formation of HCl(v′ = 0) products is mainly governed by direct scatterings, whereas the HCl(v′ = 1) channel is mediated by a time-delayed mechanism, likely invoking reactive resonances. In addition, the spin-orbit excited Cl*(2 P 1/2) reactivity was experimentally characterized. The results compare favourably with a recently reported reduced dimensionality quantum dynamics calculation, and with the previous reports on the isotopically analogous reactions. Possible involvement of resonances in this spin-orbit nonadiabatic process is suggested and awaits further investigations.
Functional Fatigue of Shape Memory Polymers

In the present study the functional fatigue in the commercial SMP Veriflex® which is associated with repeating up to 20 programming/1‐WE cycles has been examined. The material is characterized by a glass temperature Tg of 67 °C, above which it looses all its strength. During tensile testing at 21 °C (T < Tg), stresses steadily increase to 26 MPa as strains approach the rupture strain of 7.6 %. At 80 °C (T > Tg) the material can be strained up to 225 % before rupture occurs while stresses slowly increase to values as low as 0.4 MPa. Thermomechanical cycles including programming, cooling and unloading and heating to trigger the one way effect result in an increase of irreversible strain associated with a corresponding decrease of recovery ratio at the beginning of thermomechanical cycling. In parallel a wavy surface structure evolves during cycling.
Reflection on the Austrian Newspaper Coverage of the Role and Relevance of Urban Open-and Green-Spaces in Vienna During the First COVID-19 Lockdown in 2020

Abstract The first lockdown in spring 2020 impacted greatly on Austrians’ daily lives and the general well-being, especially on urban dwellers. The country’s government forbade people to use public spaces, such as city squares or parks. Media were quick to pick up on the subject, which sparked debate on the importance and function of public green recreational spaces in national newspapers. This article maps and reflects on print news coverage of the role and relevance of urban open and green spaces during the first lockdown period in Austria in early spring 2020. The qualitative analysis of reports published in Austria’s leading newspapers showed that two topics were repeatedly covered: (i) the impact of being forced to live in a confined space on the well-being of urban dwellers after parks and public areas were closed; and (ii) functions of open spaces and the relevance of streetscapes in dense urban areas where parks are scarce. The results reveal the importance of public and green spaces for people’s physical and mental health, especially in challenging situations, such as lockdowns. Therefore, urban green spaces ought to be considered as one sector of the country’s critical infrastructure. Considering the way public spaces were dealt with during lockdown, the necessity for an in-depth discussion on and rethink of present urban planning, housing, retrofitting, and mobility practice becomes evident.
Bias in quantification of light absorption enhancement of black carbon aerosol coated with low-volatility brown carbon

Abstract Brown carbon (BrC) is an optically defined class of organic carbon (OC) which strongly absorbs light at shorter visible and ultraviolet-A (UVA) wavelengths. Both light absorbing and non-absorbing OC have been found to coat black carbon (BC) and could modulate the optical properties of BC. Thermodenuders are conventionally used in conjunction with instruments measuring particle light absorption, such as photoacoustic spectrometers, to parametrize enhanced BC light absorption (Eabs) due to OC. This method can introduce unquantified measurement artifacts because thermodenuders do not remove low-volatility compounds at the temperatures they are commonly operated at and due to temperature-dependent loss of particles within the instrument. These artifacts could lead to errors in accurately estimating Eabs for coated BC particles. The value of Eabs can also be estimated by comparing the mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of coated BC aerosol to literature-based MAC values of uncoated BC. In this study, we use two integrated photoacoustic-nephelometer spectrometers, operating at wavelengths of 375 nm and 532 nm, respectively, to quantify the differences and errors associated with measuring Eabs using these two methods. Our results indicate differences ranging from 25% to 65% for Eabs measured using both methods at 375 nm. We observed little to no enhancement at either wavelength using the thermodenuder method. In contrast, the Eabs value increased with the OC/BC ratio at 375 nm using the literature-based MAC method. The difference between the two methods was attributed to the presence of low-volatility brown carbon, and these results were corroborated using discrete dipole approximation calculations. Theoretical calculations predicted that these low-volatility OC could have values of the imaginary part of the refractive index up to 0.32 at a wavelength of 375 nm, which is in line with previous studies that found large absorption by low-volatility organics. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
Assessing mental health in children and adolescent with MTHFR polymorphisms: psychiatric disorders, executive functioning, and symptom profile in a Turkish clinical sample

ABSTRACT This study investigated behavioral phenotype, executive functions profile, and the existence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms admitted to pediatric metabolism outpatient clinic. Internalizing problems, especially somatic complaints were common in patients with MTHFR. More than half of the cases had emotional control and initiating problems as executive function deficits. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was the most common psychiatric diagnosis, followed by anxiety disorder. Current findings emphasize that health care providers should be aware of the mental health needs of cases with MTHFR polymorphism in order to make plans of integrative physical and mental health care.
Phase Behavior of the System Trehalose-NaCl-Water

Abstract The equilibrium phase diagram of the system trehalose-water is studied by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and measurements of the solubility of trehalose in water. The behavior of samples of trehalose-water, and of trehalose-NaCl-water, during cooling to -60°C and subsequent heating, is investigated by DSC, and the observed thermal transitions are discussed. The experimental results indicate that a trehalose-water syrup (or glass), formed at temperatures below 0? C, prevents eutectic transitions of NaCl-water. This behavior is tentatively associated with the well-known cryoprotective activity of trehalose in biological systems.
Acronym Expander at SDU@AAAI-21: an Acronym Disambiguation Module

In order to properly determine which of several possible meanings an acronym A in sentence s has, any system that aims to ﬁnd the correct meaning for A must understand the context of s . This paper describes the techniques we use for that problem for the SDU@AAAI benchmark in which context was provided in the form of sentences in which acronym A is present and deﬁned. As a capsule summary of our results, Support Vector Machines with Doc2Vec techniques achieves a higher Macro F1-Measure score than Cosine similarity with Classic Context Vector techniques. Although these techniques usually work better with documents (i.e., many sentences rather than the one sentence offered in this benchmark), they achieved scores of Macro F1-Measure 86-89%. While these results were 5.65% worse than the best in the benchmark experiment, the high speed of our approach (max 0.6 seconds on average per sentence on a virtual machine allocated with 4 CPU cores and 32GB of RAM in a shared server) and the possibility that our methods are complementary to those of other groups may lead to high performance hybrid systems.
Non-uniform Consistency of Online Learning with Random Sampling

We study the problem of online learning a hypothesis class and a given binary 0-1 loss function, using instances generated i.i. d. by a given distribution. The goal of the online learner is to make only ﬁnitely many errors (loss 1) with probability 1 in the inﬁnite horizon. In the binary label case, we show that hypothesis classes are online learnable in the above sense if and only if the class is effectively countable. We extend the results to hypothesis classes where labels can be non-binary. Characterization of non-binary online learnable classes is more involved for general loss functions and is not captured fully by the countability condition even for the ternary label case. In the computational bounded setup, we compare our results with well known results in recursive function learning, showing that the class of all total computable functions is indeed learnable with computable online learners and randomized sampling. Finally, we also show that the ﬁnite error guarantee will not be affected even when independent noise is added to the label.