Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of the Benthic Dinoflagellate Amphidinium from Coastal Waters of Mexico

The genus Amphidinium Clap. & J. Lachm. comprises a high diversity of planktonic and benthic (epiphytic and sand-dwelling) dinoflagellates from marine and freshwater ecosystems. High morphological plasticity and vaguely defined genus characteristics (e.g., a small epicone size) have complicated the clear delineation of species boundaries. Although six Amphidinium morphospecies have been reported from Mexican coastal waters, species identifications are uncertain and not generally supported by molecular phylogenetic data. In this study, seven isolates of Amphidinium from diverse benthic coastal locations on the NE Pacific, Gulf of California, and southern Gulf of Mexico were subjected to critical morphological analysis using photonic and scanning electron microscopy. The phylogenetic reconstruction was based on nuclear-encoded, partial large-subunit (LSU) rDNA and internal transcribed spacer I and II (ITS1 and ITS2) sequences. The revised phylogenetic analysis was consistent with the traditional subdivision of the genus Amphidinium into two sister groups: Herdmanii and Operculatum clades. This study provided the first confirmed records of A. theodorei and A. massartii from coastal waters of Mexico. The molecular phylogenetic evidence indicated that the morphologically described A. cf. carterae from Baja California was in fact more closely allied with A. eilatiensis sequences. A few Amphidinium species are known to form toxigenic (i.e., fish-killing) harmful algal blooms worldwide, and therefore knowledge on species diversity and biogeography is critical in developing effective strategies for evaluating the potential emerging threat in Mexican coastal waters.
On the Local Convergence of a Third Order Family of Iterative Processes

Efficiency is generally the most important aspect to take into account when choosing an iterative method to approximate a solution of an equation, but is not the only aspect to consider in the iterative process. Another important aspect to consider is the accessibility of the iterative process, which shows the domain of starting points from which the iterative process converges to a solution of the equation. So, we consider a family of iterative processes with a higher efficiency index than Newton’s method. However, this family of proecsses presents problems of accessibility to the solution x * . From a local study of the convergence of this family, we perform an optimization study of the accessibility and obtain iterative processes with better accessibility than Newton’s method.
Adverse Events among Beneficiaries who Received a Dose of Sputnik V Vaccine at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Coastal Karnataka, India

Introduction: Vaccination has played a vital role in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. Sputnik V was the third vaccine approved for emergency use in India. The objectives of the present study were to document the adverse events following Sputnik V vaccination and the factors associated with adverse events. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted during September and October 2021 in a teaching hospital of Karnataka. Ethics approval and CTRI registration were obtained before collecting the data. All persons receiving at least one dose of vaccine were invited to participate and baseline information was collected after written informed consent. They were contacted telephonically to enquire about the adverse events. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS Version 23 to describe percentages and proportions. Results: The median age of 2532 participants was 31 (IQR 25-39) years and 60.4% were males. Minor adverse events were seen among 29.4% participants. Most common symptoms with first dose were fever, vaccination site tenderness, myalgia and headache, and with second dose were fever, myalgia, headache, and vaccination site tenderness. No severe adverse events were reported in our study. The adverse events were seen more among females (P < 0.05) and with the first dose (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Most common adverse events were similar to symptoms suggested by the vaccine manufacturers with fever being the most common one. A follow-up after a longer lag time may be recommended to enquire whether the vaccinees developed serious adverse events.
DIAGNOSTIC ADEQUACY AND SAFETY OF IMAGE GUIDED TRU-CUT BIOPSY

Objective: To analyze the safety and adequacy of image guided TRU-CUT biopsy in Kuwait Teaching Hospital, Peshawar Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Radiology Department of Kuwait Teaching Hospital from 1st January to 31st December 2016. A total 354 patients presenting for image guided TRUCUT biopsies were included in study, specimens were sent to reputable laboratories for evaluation of sample adequacy whereas, safety of the procedure was assessed by rate of major complications. SPSS version19 was used for statistical analysis. Results: 100% of CT guided biopsies generated adequate samples, whereas 326 out of 336 U/S guided biopsies produced adequate specimen with overall diagnostic adequacy of 97.1%. Scrutiny of results depicts no major complications in any patient. There was statistically insignificant effect of needle parameters or imaging modality, having P value > 0.005, on the adequacy of biopsy specimen. Conclusion: Image guided TRU-CUT biopsy is effective and safe procedure. Our study can help counsel patients about safety and effectiveness of procedure and avoiding more invasive open biopsies.
Multiple-statistical genome-wide association analysis and genomic prediction of fruit aroma and agronomic traits in peaches

Abstract ‘Chinese Cling’ is an important founder in peach breeding history due to the pleasant flavor. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) combined with genomic selection are promising tools in fruit tree breeding, as there is a considerable time lapse between crossing and release of a cultivar. In this study, 242 peaches from Shanghai germplasm were genotyped with 145 456 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The six agronomic traits of fruit flesh color, fruit shape, fruit hairiness, flower type, pollen sterility, and soluble solids content, along with 14 key volatile odor compounds (VOCs), were recorded for multiple-statistical GWAS. Except the reported candidate genes, six novel genes were identified as associated with these traits. Thirty-nine significant SNPs were associated with eight VOCs. The putative candidate genes were confirmed for VOCs by RNA-seq, including three genes in the biosynthesis pathway found to be associated with linalool, soluble solids content, and cis-3-hexenyl acetate. Multiple-trait genomic prediction enhanced the predictive ability for γ-decalactone to 0.7415 compared with the single-trait model value of 0.1017. One PTS1-SSR marker was designed to predict the linalool content, and the favorable genotype 187/187 was confirmed, mainly existing in the ‘Shanghai Shuimi’ landrace. Overall, our findings will be helpful in determining peach accessions with the ideal phenotype and show the potential of multiple-trait genomic prediction to improve accuracy for highly correlated genetic traits. The diagnostic marker will be valuable for the breeder to bridge the gap between quantitative trait loci and marker-assisted selection for developing strong-aroma cultivars.
TOWARD A UNIQUE NITROGEN ISOTOPIC RATIO IN COMETARY ICES

Determination of the nitrogen isotopic ratios in different bodies of the solar system provides important information regarding the solar system's origin. We unambiguously identified emission lines in comets due to the 15NH2 radical produced by the photodissociation of 15NH3. Analysis of our data has permitted us to measure the 14N/15N isotopic ratio in comets for a molecule carrying the amine (–NH) functional group. This ratio, within the error, appears similar to that measured in comets in the HCN molecule and the CN radical, and lower than the protosolar value, suggesting that N2 and NH3 result from the separation of nitrogen into two distinct reservoirs in the solar nebula. This ratio also appears similar to that measured in Titan's atmospheric N2, supporting the hypothesis that, if the latter is representative of its primordial value in NH3, these bodies were assembled from building blocks sharing a common formation location.
Relationships Between Radar-Derived Thermodynamic Variables and Tornadogenesis

Abstract A methodology for obtaining pressure perturbations and buoyancy in thunderstorms observed with Doppler radar is described and applied to two tornadic thunderstorms. Extracted thermodynamic information is combined with kinematic analyses to study observed severe storm processes. The intensification of tornado parental circulations (mesocyclones) during tornadogenesis is found to be associated with deepening pressure deficits in lower storm levels. Upward directed perturbation pressure forces in the vicinity of the mesocyclone are reduced and can be reversed as the low-level vorticity amplifies. The sudden formation of concentrated rear downdrafts, commonly observed in tornadic thunderstorms, apparently stems from the vertical pressure gradient reversal. Reduced upward pressure forces decrease the storm's ability to lift low-level negatively buoyant air at the base of the updraft. Further, the restructured pressure forces create a flux of air parcels into the mesocyclone from higher levels on the s.
Numerical and analytical study of the convective Cahn-Hilliard equation

We consider the convective Cahn-Hilliard equation that is used as a model of coarsening dynamics in driven systems and that in two spatial dimensions (x; y) has the form ut + Duux + r2(u 􀀀 u3 + r2u) = 0: Here t denotes time, u = u(x; y; t) is the order parameter and D is the parameter measuring the strength of driving. We primarily consider the case of one spatial dimension, when there is no y-dependence. For the case of no driving, when D = 0, the standard Cahn-Hilliard equation is recovered, and it is known that solutions to this equation are characterised by an initial stage of phase separation into regions of one phase surrounded by the other phase (i.e., clusters or droplets/holes or islands are obtained) followed by the coarsening process, where the average size of the clusters grows in time and the number of the clusters decreases. Moreover, two main coarsening mechanisms have been identified in the literature, namely, coarsening due to volume and translational modes. On the other hand, for the case of strong driving, when D ! 1, the well-known Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation is recovered, solutions of which are characterised by complicated chaotic oscillations in both space and time. The primary aim of the present thesis is to perform a detailed and systematic investigation of the transitions in the solutions of the convective Cahn-Hilliard equation for a wide range of parameter values as the driving-force parameter is increased, and, in particular, to understand in detail how the coarsening dynamics is affected by driving. We find that one of the coarsening modes is stabilised at relatively small values of D, and the type of the unstable coarsening mode may change as D increases. In addition, we find that there may be intervals in the driving-force parameter D where coarsening is completely stabilised. On the other hand, there may be intervals where twomode solutions are unstable and the solutions can evolve, for example, into one-droplet/hole solutions, symmetry-broken two-droplet/hole solutions or time-periodic solutions. We present detailed stability diagrams for 2-mode solutions in the parameter planes and corroborate our findings by time-dependent simulations. Finally, we present preliminary results for the case of the (convective) Cahn-Hilliard equation in two spatial dimensions.
OPTO-BLUE: An Integrated Bidirectional Optogenetic Lentiviral Platform for Controlled Light-Induced Gene Expression

Regulated systems for transgene expression are useful tools in basic research and a promising platform in biomedicine due to their regulated transgene expression by an inducer. The emergence of optogenetics expression systems enabled the construction of light-switchable systems, enhancing the spatial and temporal resolution of a transgene. The LightOn system is an optogenetic tool that regulates the expression of a gene of interest using blue light as an inducer. This system is based on a photosensitive protein (GAVPO), which dimerizes and binds to the UASG sequence in response to blue light, triggering the expression of a downstream transgene. Previously, we adapted the LightOn system to a dual lentiviral vector system for neurons. Here, we continue the optimization and assemble all components of the LightOn system into a single lentiviral plasmid, the OPTO-BLUE system. For functional validation, we used enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as an expression reporter (OPTO-BLUE-EGFP) and evaluated the efficiency of EGFP expression by transfection and transduction in HEK293-T cells exposed to continuous blue-light illumination. Altogether, these results prove that the optimized OPTO-BLUE system allows the light-controlled expression of a reporter protein according to a specific time and light intensity. Likewise, this system should provide an important molecular tool to modulate gene expression of any protein by blue light.
A new method to measure stellar mass-loss rates

Abstract The total stellar mass loss that a star suffers through post-main-sequence evolution is of vital importance to understand its subsequent evolution. The mass-loss rate along the first-ascent red-giant branch alone determines the upper red-giant-branch luminosity function and horizontal-branch morphology. The distribution of stars in these phases directly affects our interpretation of the integrated colors of distant galaxies, and is therefore of fundamental importance for galaxy formation and evolution studies in the higher-redshift Universe. Yet, these mass-loss rates, especially as a function of age and metallicity, are very poorly constrained in current models. I present new constraints on this field based on imaging and spectroscopic observations of the end products from this evolution, white dwarfs. By studying the mass distribution of these dead stars in nearby star clusters with a range of (known) ages and metallicities, we can directly constrain the mass-loss rates of stars across a range of environments. These observations directly impact several fields in astrophysics, including our knowledge of the enrichment of the interstellar medium, our ability to construct population synthesis models to interpret galaxy colors and the general interpretation of the sources and processes responsible for the observed ultraviolet upturn in elliptical galaxies.
001: On an Absolute Criterion for Fitting Frequency Curves.

1. If we set ourselves the problem, in its essence one of frequent occurrence, of finding the arbitrary elements in a function of known form, which best suit a set of actual observations we are met at the outset by an arbitrariness which " pears to invalidate any results we may obtain. In the general problem of fitting a theoretical curve, either to an observed curve, or to an observed series of ordinates, it is, indeed, possible to specify a number of different standards of conformity between the observations and the theoretical curve, which definitely lead to different though mutually approximate results. This mutual approximation, though convenient in practice in that it allows a computer to make a legitimate choice of the method which is arithmetically simplest, is harmful from the theoretical standpoint as tending to obscure the practical discrepancies, and the theoretical indefiniteness which actually exist.
Numerical study of impurity effects on ion temperature gradient modes in tokamak edge plasmas based on the Euler matrix eigenvalue method

Low-Z impurity injection is frequently used for divertor detachment operations in current tokamaks; however, the impurity effects on the main plasma are yet to be fully understood. In this paper, the impurity effects on the ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes in tokamak edge plasmas are investigated based on the Euler matrix eigenvalue method. The eigen-equations with multiple ion species are established from the fundamental gyrokinetic theory, in which each ion species is treated equally. A novel and efficient gyro-kinetic code is developed for this numerical study, and the code’s availability to examine quasi-linear ITG modes is demonstrated by its comparison with existing results. At the pedestal top parameters in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak high-β p H-mode plasmas, the ITG mode behavior is investigated in pure deuterium plasmas and with impurities. Impurities can induce destabilizing or stabilizing effects on ITG modes, which are determined by the impurity density scale length. The inwardly peaked impurity density profile tends to reduce the ITG growth rate. The effect strength also increases with the impurity charge concentration. The effects of impurity species, including boron, carbon, neon and argon, are also evaluated. Numerical results show that the strength of destabilizing or stabilizing effect inverses with impurity ion charge at the same effective charge.
Approximations of nonlinear evolution equations

product, $u(t)=\varliminf\prod_{i=1}^{n}(I+(t/n)A(it/n))^{-1}x$ . A product of the foregoing type is often referred to as a product integral. It is not always possible to obtain a solution to (1.1), however, it may be possible to associate a product integral with a Cauchy problem. As we shall see, solutions to given Cauchy problems may often be represented by product integrals. Our main result concerns the convergence of product integrals associated with a class of approximate Cauchy problems. Several authors have studied questions of this nature ( $e$ . $g.$ , see Oharu [15], Miyadera [13], [14], [15], Brezis and Pazy [1], [2], [3] and Mermin [10], [11], and Crandall and Pazy [5]). The author is grateful for the opportunity to see preprints of the forementioned manuscripts of Brezis and Pazy, and Crandall and Liggett. Appreciation is due G. F. Webb for suggesting the problems considered and for his invaluable criticisms. The author also wishes to thank the referee whose suggestions strengthened Theorems 2.11 and 3.1.
The Effect of Circadian Photoreceptors Stimulation on the Stress Response of Subjects with High Anxiety: A Pilot Study

The circadian and stress-realizing systems are interconnected, and the balance of their interaction determines the state of human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the modulating effect of activating the circadian system on heart rate variability in female medical students with high anxiety while performing a cognitive task. After 20 min of adequate stimulation of circadian photoreceptors with a monochromatic blue light, the cognitive task performance resulted in a decrease in sympathetic impact. During the session of monochromatic blue light exposure, a trend of increasing heart rate variability was observed in a state of relative rest (especially in the first 5 min). A comparative analysis of the parameters of the letter cancellation test before and after light exposure revealed a statistically significant increase in the indexes reflecting mental productivity, work accuracy, and concentration of attention. The results suggest an essential physiological role of the human circadian system in modulating the autonomic and psycho-emotional conditions, as well as cognitive functions of individuals with high anxiety. Our findings indicate the possibility of quickly correcting the balance in human systemic regulatory mechanisms using the activation of retinal circadian photoreceptors by blue light.
Antioxidant Nutrients and Risk of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Type 2 Diabetes: A Swedish Case-Control Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Antioxidant vitamins C and E are inversely associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated if antioxidants are also associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), with low (LADAlow) and high (LADAhigh) autoantibody levels, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and estimates of beta cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We used Swedish case-control data with incident cases of LADA (n = 584) and T2D (n = 1989) and matched population-based controls (n = 2276). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated per one standard deviation higher beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc intakes. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses assessed causality between genetically predicted circulating antioxidants and LADA, T1D, and T2D, using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. Among the antioxidants, vitamins C and E were inversely associated with LADAhigh (OR 0.84, CI 0.73, 0.98 and OR 0.80, CI 0.69, 0.94 respectively), but not with LADAlow or T2D. Vitamin E was also associated with higher HOMA-B and lower HOMA-IR. MR analyses estimated an OR of 0.50 (CI 0.20, 1.25) for the effect of vitamin E on T1D, but did not support causal relationships between antioxidants and either LADA or T2D. In conclusion, vitamin E may have a protective effect on autoimmune diabetes, possibly through preserved beta cell function and less insulin resistance.
Stress and Internet Addiction: Mediated by Anxiety and Moderated by Self-Control

Background The link between stress and Internet addiction (IA) has been confirmed. However, the mechanism underlying the correlation is poorly understood. Thus, the current study proposed a moderated mediation model to test the mediating role of anxiety and the moderating role of self-control (SC) in the link between stress and IA. Methods Eight hundred and sixty-one Chinese college students (Mage = 20.62 years; SD = 1.58; male = 47.7%) were required to complete an online questionnaire package, including a depression-anxiety-stress scale, a self-control scale, and an Internet addiction test. The PROCESS macro developed based on SPSS was used to test the moderated mediation model. Results When controlling for gender and age, the results revealed that anxiety partially mediated the link between stress and IA. Specifically, the more stressed college students are, the higher their anxiety level is, and the more likely they are to become addicted to the Internet. Additionally, the direct and indirect links between stress and IA were all moderated by SC. SC buffered the effect of stress on anxiety and anxiety on IA but enhanced stress on IA. Conclusion These findings emphasized the predictor role of stress on IA and provided insights on intervening in college students’ excessive Internet use behaviors for educators, such as reducing anxiety levels and improving self-control abilities.