Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trust and knowledge-sharing factors in the context of efficiency of virtual teams

Virtual teams, as a group of people who perform work interdependently with the division of responsibilities in the outcomes of work tasks, significantly rely on technology that supports their communication and everyday work. The topic of this paper is the research on the connection between trust factors (individual, institutional and cognitive) and knowledge sharing in a team in the context of the efficiency of virtual teams. For this purpose, a correlation-regression study was conducted on a non-random sample of 132 respondents consisting of employees from teams that function exclusively as virtual, multicultural and multinational. Also, the mediator effect of knowledge sharing factors concerning trust, and efficiency of virtual teams were examined. The obtained results confirmed that all dimensions of trust - individual and institutional and cognitive trust are important for the efficient functioning of virtual teams. Contrary to the created hypotheses, it was shown that the factor of knowledge sharing in virtual teams is not a predictor of trust or efficiency of virtual teams.
DYNAMIC CHANGES AND IMPACT FACTORS OF VEGETATION COVERAGE IN THE HIGHLY URBANIZED CITY: A CASE STUDY OF BEIJING, CHINA

Vegetation coverage (VC) is usually used to judge the growth status of plants and monitor the quality of the ecological environment. To better understand the dynamics and processes of VC change in urbanized cities, this research studied the impact of common natural and human factors on VC in Beijing, China from 2000 to 2015. The results showed that in Beijing, China, VC decreased by 0.1534% per year from 2000 to 2015. VC was low at an altitude range of -129~200 m and a slope range of 5~10°. Temperature and precipitation had positive effects on VC. The urban area of Beijing accounted for 40.92% of the total area. Urbanization represented by the brightness of night light had a negative impact on VC. The negative correlation between urbanization and the VC was observed mainly in the most urbanized area. From 2000 to 2015, the area of construction land increased by 1784 km 2 . Between 2000 and 2015, the land use changing from waters to grassland increased the VC by 24.72%, and the land use changing from farmland to construction land decreased the VC by 17.82%. This research can provide scientific support for local policy-making to improve the urban ecological environment.
The fall of a viscous thread onto a moving surface: a ‘fluid-mechanical sewing machine’

A viscous thread falling onto a steadily moving horizontal belt shows a surprisingly complex range of behaviour in experiments. Low belt speeds produce coiling, as might be expected from the behaviour of a thread falling onto a stationary surface. High belt speeds produce a steady thread, whose shape is predicted well by theory developed to describe a stretching viscous catenary with surface tension and inertia. Intermediate belt speeds show several novel modes of oscillation, which lay down a wide variety of patterns on the belt. The patterns include meanders, side kicks, slanted loops, braiding, figures-of-eight, Ws, and also period-doubled versions of figures-of-eight, meanders and coiling. The experimental boundary between steady and unsteady behaviour occurs at a slightly lower belt speed than the loss of the steady solution for a stretching catenary.
Extremals for Eigenvalues of Laplacians under Conformal Mapping

G. Polya and G. Szegő showed in 1951 that for simply connected plane domains, the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian (with Dirichlet boundary conditions) is maximal for a disk, under a conformal mapping normalization. That is, iff(z) is a conformal map of a diskDonto a bounded, simply connected plane domainΩ, normalized by |f′(0)|=1, thenλ1(Ω)⩽λ1(D). Later, Polya and M. Schiffer showed that actually∑j=1n1λj(Ω)⩾∑j=1n1λj(D),for eachn=1, 2, 3, …. This paper shows that for every convex increasing functionΦ,∑j=1nΦ1λj(Ω)⩾∑j=1nΦ1λj(D),for eachn=1, 2, 3, …. In particular, takingΦ(a)=asfor a fixeds>1 gives that the zeta function of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian is minimal for the disk, under Dirichlet boundary conditions. The bulk of the paper addresses similar questions for simply and doubly connected domains on cones and cylinders and on surfaces of variable curvature, extending the work of C. Bandle, T. Gasser, and J. Hersch. Also, letMgbe anN-dim. Riemannian manifold with boundary and for each smooth functionwon the closure ofM, writeλj(w) for thejth eigenvalue of the operatorw−1Δg, under Dirichlet boundary conditions. Note that in two dimensions,w−1Δgis the Laplace–Beltrami operator of the metricwg. It is proved here that the “zeta-type” functional ∑nj=1 Φ(λj(w)−1) is convex with respect to the mass densityw.
Properties of absolute summability matrices

The inverse image of 11 under A is denoted by IA. In [7, p. 129] Steinhaus proved, that if A is a regular (i.e., limitpreserving) matrix, then there is a sequence of 0's and l's such that Ax is not convergent. It follows immediately that a regular matrix cannot sum every bounded sequence. (Cf. [6].) The principal result of this paper is the analogue of this theorem for 1-1 matrices. The author is indebted to H. I. Brown for several helpful comments and observations.
The excitation, abundance, and distribution of HNCO in Sagittarius B2

Snyder and Buhl (1972) have discovered isocyanic acid (HNCO) in Sgr B2. It is pointed out that HNCO is a particularly interesting interstellar molecule because under certain conditions it can be employed in a study of the far-infrared radiation field of the cloud in which it resides. The present study was mainly conducted with the aim to establish empirically the extent to which HNCO is populated by radiative processes in a source with a measured far-infrared radiation field. It is attempted to deduce the radiation field from the HNCO excitation conditions. Attention is given to an energy-level diagram of HNCO in the ground electronic and vibrational states, the antenna and receiver properties, a table with the observed parameters toward Sagittarius B2, the velocity structure, the HNCO intensity distribution, a summary of the Sgr B2 properties, the population distribution and column density, and the excitation of HNCO. 27 references.
Denoising AMP for MRI Reconstruction: BM3D-AMP-MRI

There is a recurrent idea being promoted in the recent literature on iterative solvers for imaging problems, the idea being the use of an actual denoising step in each iteration. We give a brief review of some algorithms from the literature which utilize this idea, and we broadly label these algorithms as Iterative Denoising Regularization (IDR) algorithms. We extend the Denoising Approximate Message Passing (D-AMP) algorithm from this list to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reconstruction problem. We utilize Block Matching 3D (BM3D) as the denoiser of choice for the introduced MRI reconstruction algorithm. The application of the denoiser for complex-valued data necessitates a special handling of the denoiser. The use of the adaptive and image-dependent BM3D image model prior together with D-AMP results in highly competitive MRI reconstruction performance.
Peripherally restricted oxytocin is sufficient to reduce food intake and motivation, while CNS entry is required for locomotor and taste avoidance effects

Oxytocin (OT) has a well‐established role in reproductive behaviours; however, it recently emerged as an important regulator of energy homeostasis. In addition to central nervous system (CNS), OT is found in the plasma and OT receptors (OT‐R) are found in peripheral tissues relevant to energy balance regulation. Here, we aim to determine whether peripheral OT‐R activation is sufficient to alter energy intake and expenditure.
Ballooning instability in the tail plasma sheet

Numerical computations of the ideal MHD ballooning mode are performed for the 2‐D tail plasma sheet model. The computations are done for the analytic model equilibria that include the Earth's 2‐D dipole field, as well as for those that do not. It is found that the ballooning mode can be unstable in some class of plasma sheet equilibria where the field lines are not too much stretched but when the plasma beta still exceeds some critical value. The instability is more easily triggered in the equilibria where the Earth's dipole field is fully included.
Manganese reduction regulates soil organic carbon loss from an acidified Cambisol

Soil acidification has occurred and accelerated in Jiaodong Peninsula, China, causing serious problems, such as manganese (Mn) toxicity and soil organic carbon (SOC) losses. However, the relationships between SOC and soil Mn are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the changes of Mn fractions and SOC under soaking conditions and the acidification‐induced positive coupled relationship between them. A sequential extraction for Mn species after acid soaking of a Cambisol was conducted, and the soil (pre‐ and post‐soaking) was characterised by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that acidification of a Cambisol (from pH 6.48 to pH 2.79) induced SOC losses (15.8% of initial SOC). Meanwhile, lower mobile or immobile Mn (especially oxide‐Mn) significantly decreased, accompanied by an increase in readily soluble Mn. It was further shown that the amount of decrease in free Mn reached 268.7 mg kg−1, accounting for 93.8% of the total loss of soil Mn, indicating that the reductive dissolution of amorphous Mn (III/IV) oxides is the dominant reaction in acidified Cambisols. This result was also supported by XRD and SEM. Correlation analysis showed that under soil acidification, the reductive dissolution of amorphous Mn (III/IV) oxides drove losses of both SOC and soil Mn. Therefore, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed: at neutral and alkaline pH, immobile complexes of Mn (III/IV) and particulate organic carbon (POC) formed; and, at acidic pH, readily mobile complexes of Mn (II) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) formed. Our research suggested that Mn‐organic carbon complexes regulated the transport, transformation, and leaching of soil Mn and SOC, and future research should focus on the soil acidification‐driven Mn reduction‐carbon oxidation processes.
A multi-layered kinematic dynamo model: implications of a stratified upper layer in the Earth's core

It has been suggested that there exists a stably stratified electrically conducting layer at the top of the Earth's outer fluid core and that lateral temperature gradients in the lower mantle is capable of a driving thermal-wind-type flow near the core–mantle boundary. We investigate how such a flow in a stable layer could influence the geomagnetic field and the geodynamo using a very simple two-dimensional kinematic dynamo model in Cartesian geometry. The dynamo has four layers representing the inner core, convecting lower outer core, stable upper core, and insulating mantle. An α2 dynamo operates in the convecting outer core and a horizontal shear flow is imposed in the stable layer. Exact dynamo solutions are obtained for a range of parameters, including different conductivities for the stable layer and inner core. This allows us to connect our solutions with known, simpler solutions of a single-layer α2 dynamo, and thereby assess the effects of the extra layers. We confirm earlier results that a stable, static layer can enhance dynamo action. We find that shear flows produce dynamo wave solutions with a different spatial structure from the steady α2 dynamos solutions. The stable layer controls the behavior of the dynamo system through the interface conditions, providing a new means whereby lateral variations on the boundary can influence the geomagnetic field.
Sulfur sources for ultramafic‐hosted sulfide mineralization in the Tianzuo hydrothermal field, 63.5° E, South‐west Indian Ridge: Insights from sulfur and carbon isotopes

To date, discovered ultramafic‐hosted seafloor massive sulfide (UM–SMS) deposits are rare, remain poorly understood in terms of their genesis, and typically form along slow‐ and ultraslow‐spreading mid‐oceanic ridges. The Tianzuo hydrothermal field (THF) is the only UM–SMS deposit identified so far along the ultraslow‐spreading South‐west Indian Ridge (SWIR). This study presents new detailed mineralogical and S–C isotopic data for serpentinized peridotite, gabbro, serpentinite, and sulfide ore samples from the THF and to provide new insights into the processes that formed the deposit. Chromium‐reduced sulfur (CRS) and sulfate–sulfur (SS) in samples of serpentinized peridotite have positive δ34S values (up to 10.22‰ and 20.67‰, respectively). The CRS formed through thermochemical reduction of seawater sulfate during reactions between seawater and ultramafic rocks, whereas the SS most likely occurred as dissolved sulfate phases in seawater occupying the pore space of serpentinized peridotite after exposure at the seafloor. The serpentinite samples contain SS with δ34S values of 19.21‰–20.9‰, indicating infiltration by seawater that led to the deposition of seawater sulfate. The sulfide ores have acid‐volatile sulfur (AVS), CRS, and SS δ34S values of 10.99‰–12.07‰, 2.34‰–10.98‰, and −4.13‰ to 2.76‰, respectively, indicating that the AVS and CRS within the samples are dominated by sulfur reduced from seawater sulfate (e.g., anhydrite) and leached from the surrounding wall rocks, although the re‐oxidization of microbial‐reduced sulfur most likely generated the sulfate with low and negative δ34S values. The total carbon and total organic carbon δ13C values of the THF samples are negative and range from −21.99‰ to −0.34‰ and −26.7‰ to −21.02‰, respectively, further suggesting that the samples record microbial activity. Gabbro samples have strongly negative AVS (−10.69‰) and CRS (−7.2‰) δ34S values, indicating that microbial‐reduced sulfur derived from shallow levels in the crust was incorporated into the hydrothermal system that circulated through the deeper‐seated gabbroic units. Our results suggest that the ultramafic and gabbroic rocks, seawater, and microbial activity all provided sulfur to the THF, with well‐developed fractures and local magma supply probably being the key factors controlling the formation of this field and similar UM–SMS deposits elsewhere.
A Resonance Mechanism Leading to Wind-Forced Motions with a 2f Frequency

Abstract This study revisits the mechanisms that spatially reorganize wind-forced inertial motions embedded in an oceanic mesoscale eddy field. Inertial motions are known to be affected by the eddy relative vorticity, being expelled from cyclonic structures and trapped within anticyclonic ones. Using shallow water equations (involving a single baroclinic mode), the authors show that nonlinear wave–wave interactions excite, through a resonance mechanism, motions with a 2f frequency (with f being the inertial frequency) and a specific length scale. In a more general situation involving several baroclinic modes, this resonance is found to be reinforced and principally efficient for the lowest baroclinic modes. Such characteristics make the energy of the wind-forced motions potentially available to small-scale mixing through parametric subharmonic instability (not taken into account in the present study).
Flourishing among young adult college students in the United States: sexual/gender and racial/ethnic disparities

ABSTRACT This paper sought to provide a fuller picture of mental health and wellness by examining flourishing among young adult college students, focusing on potential disparities. I analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Study (2020–2021; N = 115,225). About one-in-three students in the sample reported flourishing. Logistic regression models showed transgender/nonbinary/other gender (aOR:0.48; 95%CI: 0.41–0.56), sexual minority (aOR:0.39; 95%CI: 0.37–0.42), Asian American (aOR:0.76; 95%CI: 0.70–0.83), and Multiracial students (aOR:0.91; 95%CI: 0.84–0.99) each had lower odds flourishing when compared with their respective reference groups, while Black students had greater odds of flourishing (aOR:1.36; 95%CI: 1.23–1.51). Flourishing disparities are evident, calling for targeted interventions.
A critical compilation of energy levels and spectral lines of neutral boron

Observed spectral lines of neutral boron are critically compiled. From the selected best measurements, an improved and extended set of energy levels is derived for the two most abundant isotopes, 11B and 10B. The ionization energy is determined to a greater precision than previously given values. The connection between the quartet and doublet term systems is revised on the basis of an isoelectronic extrapolation.
Students’ perception of the auditing profession in Vietnam: The effect of proximity and knowledge on auditors’ stereotype

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the proximity, knowledge as well as the source of knowledge about the profession and students’ perception of the auditing profession in Vietnam. The data is collected using quantitative techniques based on a questionnaire survey of a total of 221 undergraduate students in Vietnam. Then the data is processed by SPSS software to determine the relationship between the factors. The results indicate that the students’ main source of knowledge about the auditing profession is their academic training. Students perceive that the auditing profession is quite an interesting job with many professional development opportunities, many tasks and significant contributions to society, and they also consider auditing as a strict job and responsibility demanding. The findings also reveal that auditors are regarded as competent and high ethical. This study adds empirical information to the scientific literature in order to gain a better understanding of the impact and significance of closeness to the profession, knowledge, and sources of knowledge on students’ perceptions of auditing. The study’s practical implication is that having more information about a profession improves students’ views of that profession.
Open inquiry-based learning experiences: a case study in the context of energy exchange by thermal radiation

An open inquiry (OI)-based teaching/learning experience, regarding a scientific investigation of the process of energy exchange by thermal radiation, is presented. A sample of upper secondary school physics teachers carried out this experience at the University of Palermo, Italy, in the framework of ESTABLISH, a FP7 European Project aimed at promoting and developing inquiry-based science education. The teachers had the opportunity to personally experience an OI-based learning activity, with the aim of exploring the pedagogical potentialities of this teaching approach to promote both the understanding of difficult concepts and a deeper view of scientific practices. The teachers were firstly engaged in discussions concerning real-life problematic situations, and then stimulated to design and carry out their own laboratory activities, aimed at investigating the process of energy exchange by thermal radiation. A scientific study on the energy exchange between a powered resistor and its surrounding environment, during the heating and cooling processes, was designed and performed. Here we report the phases of this experiment by following the teachers' perspective. A structured interview conducted both before and after the OI experience allowed us to analyze and point out the teachers' feedback from a pedagogical point of view. The advantages and limits of an OI-based approach to promote the development of more student-centred inquiry-oriented teaching strategies are finally discussed.
Is there evidence for a relationship between cognitive impairment and fatigue after acquired brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Purpose Fatigue is a major symptom of ABI. Greater fatigue is associated with cognitive impairment. Our aim was to systematically review, describe and analyse the literature on the extent of this relationship. Methods Five databases were searched from inception. Studies were included where: participants had a defined clinical diagnosis of ABI which included TBI, stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage; a fatigue measure was included; at least one objective cognitive measure was used. Three reviewers individually identified studies and determined quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies. Results Sixteen of the 412 identified studies, investigating the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and fatigue, comprising a total of 1,745 participants, were included. Quality ranged from fair to good. Meta-analysis found fatigue was significantly associated with an overall pattern of cognitive slowing on tasks of sustained attention. A narrative synthesis found weak associations with fatigue and information processing, attention, memory and executive function. Conclusion Analysis found sustained attentional performance had stronger associations with fatigue after ABI. Whereas, weak associations were found between fatigue and information processing, attention and to some extent memory and executive function. More focused research on specific cognitive domains is needed to understand the mechanisms of fatigue. Implications for Rehabilitation Cognitive dysfunction is associated with higher fatigue levels after stroke, traumatic brain injury or subarachnoid haemorrhage. Management of cognitive dysfunction may improve fatigue and participation in meaningful activities after stroke, traumatic brain injury or subarachnoid haemorrhage. Intervention strategies that reduce cognitive load during everyday activities (e.g., grading the burden on attentional resources), may potentially be effective in managing post-ABI fatigue. Agreement on core measures could facilitate integration of findings into clinical practice.
Interventional gastroenterology in oncology

Cancer is one of the foremost health problems worldwide and is among the leading causes of death in the United States. Gastrointestinal tract cancers account for almost one third of the cancer‐related mortality globally, making it one of the deadliest groups of cancers. Early diagnosis and prompt management are key to preventing cancer‐related morbidity and mortality. With advancements in technology and endoscopic techniques, endoscopy has become the core in diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract cancers. In this extensive review, the authors discuss the role endoscopy plays in early detection, diagnosis, and management of esophageal, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, ampullary, biliary tract, and small intestinal cancers.
Measurement of Unmet Need for Contraception: A Counterfactual Approach

Abstract Unmet need plays a critical role in reproductive health research, evaluation, and advocacy. Although conceptually straightforward, its estimation suffers from a number of methodological limitations, most notably its reliance on biased measures of women's stated fertility preferences. We propose a counterfactual‐based approach to measuring unmet need at the population level. Using data from 56 countries, we calculate unmet need in a population as the difference between: (1) the observed contraceptive prevalence in the population; and (2) the calculated contraceptive prevalence in a subsample of women who are identified to be from “ideal” family planning environments. Women from “ideal” environments are selected on characteristics that signal their contraceptive autonomy and decision‐making over family planning. We find significant differences between our approach and existing methods to calculating unmet need, and we observe variation across countries when comparing indicators. We argue that our indicator of unmet need is preferable to existing population‐level indicators due to its independence from biases that are generated from the use of reported preference measures, the simplicity with which it can be derived, and its relevance for cross‐country comparisons as well as context‐specific analyses.