Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of metamizole to prevent kidney injury after renal-ischaemic reperfusion injury in Wistar rats

Background: Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a common kidney procedure complication due to temporary blood flow interruption, leading to kidney injuries. This study aimed to analyze the effect of metamizole on the levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18), neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and histopathological changes in rats with RIRI. Materials and methods: Animal pre-clinical design study was used. Thirty-two male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into four groups: negative control, positive control, M100, and M200. Blood samples were collected by intracardiac puncture, followed by bilateral nephrectomy and analyzed histopathologically. Results: Significant difference in IL-18 levels between positive control vs negative control (114.1 + 12.07 vs. 94.0 + 11.4; P = 0.019) and positive control vs M100 (114.1 + 12.07 vs. 86.9 + 8.34; P = 0.007). There was no difference in NGAL. M100 group had the lowest serum MPO levels (14.78+2.01), there was a significant difference in MPO levels in all pairwise analyses. There was a difference in cumulative EGTI scores among the study groups [positive 10.5 (8–11) vs. negative 9 (7–10) vs. M100 9 (7–10) vs. M200 9 (7–11); P = 0.021]. Conclusion: Metamizole 100 mg/kgBW can reduce IL-18 and MPO levels in RIRI, giving more optimal results without affecting NGAL levels. Metamizole administration can reduce cumulative EGTI scores in RIRI, both at doses of 100 mg/kgBW and 200 mg/kgBW. This study shows that Metamizole can be used to prevent kidney injury caused by RIRI. IL-18 and MPO can be biomarkers in predicting kidney injury in RIRI.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi association and root rot disease in mungbean (Vigna radiata) growing areas of Haryana

The study was carried out during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022 at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the presence and activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may influence the development of root rot in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) crops in different mungbean-growing areas of Haryana. Root colonization by AM fungi in Hisar, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh, and Charkhi Dadri districts of Haryana ranged from 16.45 to 24.07%, 7.71 to 16.73%, 7.02 to 21.43% and 7.59 to 22.28%, respectively. This variability underscores the diverse interactions between mungbean plants and AM fungi in these distinct geographical regions, reflecting the influence of environmental factors and local soil conditions on mycorrhizal associations. Sporocarp numbers in these districts ranged from 76.5 to 131.5, 37 to 102, 54 to 119.5 and 65.5 to 118 per 100 g of soil, respectively. These findings emphasize the dynamic nature of AM fungal populations and their potential impact on the overall soil health and plant-microbe interactions in mungbean cultivation. Similarly, root rot incidence in these districts varied from 6.59 to 11.62%, 7.48 to 11.29%, 7.05 to 11.43% and 5.88 to 11.76%, while root rot intensity ranged from 2.77 to 4.82%, 2.70 to 4.61%, 2.06 to 4.61% and 2.43 to 4.85% in Hisar, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh, and Charkhi Dadri districts, respectively. This variability in root rot incidence and intensity highlights the susceptibility of mungbean crops to this detrimental disease and emphasizes the importance of region-specific strategies for disease management.
Clinical Findings and Management of Angle Recession Glaucoma: A Case Report

Introduction: Angle recession is a common finding after blunt trauma and involves a tear between the longitudinal and circular fibers of ciliary body. The incidence of angle recession was 24.3%. It may occur months to years after ocular trauma. Purpose: To report clinical findings and management of a patient with angle recession glaucoma. Case report: A 51 years old female came with chief complaint of blurry vision of left eye since five months earlier. There was a history of trauma in left eye 26 years ago. She had been treated with antiglaucoma medication by an ophthalmologist. Visual acuity of right eye was 1.0 and left eye was light perception. Applanation Tonometer Goldmann of left eye was 42 mmHg. Slit lamp examination revealed traumatic iritis and lens opacity. Gonioscopy revealed widening of ciliary body band in three quadrants. Funduscopy showed cup/disc ratio enlargement and RNFL thinning. This patient was diagnosed as angle recession glaucoma with traumatic iritis and traumatic cataract. Combined phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy with intraocular lens implantation was performed. One month after surgery, intraocular pressure decreased with improvement of visual acuity. Conclusion: Classically clinical findings of angle recession glaucoma were unilateral glaucoma with history of trauma and widening of ciliary body band. Surgery is needed in uncontrolled intraocular pressure with medication. Combined phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy decreases intraocular pressure as well as improves visual acuity.
Using virtual classroom for teaching special needs students in inclusive classrooms during and beyond COVID-19: Teachers' perspectives

Encouraging and continuing inclusive learning environments is important to allow all students to be able to fully participate, engage, and learn. The online learning environment obliges educators to think creatively about how to achieve this goal. The aim was to investigate using virtual classroom for teaching special needs students in inclusive classrooms during and beyond Covid-19 from the perspectives of their teachers. Teachers of special education from integration schools in the middle stage in Makkah were targeted. A 15- item survey instrument was developed particularly for this research study . Quantitative research is carried out with the aim to investigate using virtual classroom(VC) for teaching special needs students in inclusive classrooms during and beyond Covid-19 from the perspectives of their teachers. A survey method was used. Data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire, which was based on the technology acceptance model(TAM). Pearson correlation(R) and multiple regression (MRA) were used to analyze data . Results indicated that the BI is positively affected by PU, PEOU. PU, PEOU yielded a coefficient of multiple regression (R) and a multiple correlation square. This shows that a total variance in BI is accounted for by PU, PEOU. In conclusion, the findings in this study contribute to the literature on TAM and its use in special education in particular. Fomentar y continuar con los entornos de aprendizaje inclusivos es importante para permitir que todos los estudiantes puedan participar, comprometerse y aprender plenamente. El entorno de aprendizaje online obliga a los educadores a pensar de forma creativa sobre cómo lograr este objetivo. El objetivo era investigar el uso del aula virtual para enseñar a estudiantes con necesidades especiales en aulas inclusivas durante y después de la COVID-19 desde la perspectiva de sus docentes. La investigación cuantitativa se lleva a cabo con el objetivo de investigar el uso del aula virtual (VC) para enseñar a estudiantes con necesidades especiales en aulas inclusivas durante y después de Covid-19 desde las perspectivas de sus maestros. Se utilizó un método de encuesta. Las variables independientes son la utilidad percibida (PU), la facilidad de uso percibida (PEOU), mientras que la variable dependiente es la intención de comportamiento del estudiante (BI). Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario estructurado autoadministrado, que se basó en el modelo de aceptación de tecnología (TAM). Se utilizaron la correlación de Pearson (r) y la regresión múltiple (MRA) para analizar los datos. Los resultados indicaron que el BI se ve afectado positivamente por PU, PEOU. PU, PEOU arrojaron un coeficiente de regresión múltiple (R) y un cuadrado de correlación múltiple. Esto muestra que PU, PEOU explican una variación total en BI.
Silica Nanoparticles Disclose a Detailed Neurodegeneration Profile throughout the Life Span of a Model Organism

The incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases is rising globally. However, the temporal sequence of neurodegeneration throughout adult life is poorly understood. To identify the starting points and schedule of neurodegenerative events, serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons were monitored in the model organism C. elegans, which has a life span of 2–3 weeks. Neural morphology was examined from young to old nematodes that were exposed to silica nanoparticles. Young nematodes showed phenotypes such as dendritic beading of serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons that are normally not seen until late life. During aging, neurodegeneration spreads from specifically susceptible ADF and PDE neurons in young C. elegans to other more resilient neurons, such as dopaminergic CEP in middle-aged worms. Investigation of neurodegenerative hallmarks and animal behavior revealed a temporal correlation with the acceleration of neuromuscular defects, such as internal hatch in 2-day-old C. elegans. Transcriptomics and proteomics of young worms exposed to nano silica showed a change in gene expression concerning the gene ontology groups serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling as well as neuropeptide signaling. Consistent with this, reporter strains for nlp-3, nlp-14 and nlp-21 confirmed premature degeneration of the serotonergic neuron HSN and other neurons in young C. elegans. The results identify young nematodes as a vulnerable age group for nano silica-induced neural defects with a significantly reduced health span. Neurodegeneration of specific neurons impairs signaling by classical neurotransmitters as well as neuropeptides and compromises related neuromuscular behaviors in critical phases of life, such as the reproductive phase.
Explaining Adversarial Robustness of Neural Networks from Clustering Effect Perspective

Adversarial training (AT) is the most commonly used mechanism to improve the robustness of deep neural networks. Recently, a novel adversarial attack against intermediate layers exploits the extra fragility of adversarially trained networks to output incorrect predictions. The result implies the insufficiency in the searching space of the adversarial perturbation in adversarial training. To straighten out the reason for the effectiveness of the intermediate-layer attack, we interpret the forward propagation as the Clustering Effect, characterizing that the intermediate-layer representations of neural networks for samples i.i. d. to the training set with the same label are similar, and we theoretically prove the existence of Clustering Effect by corresponding Information Bottleneck Theory. We afterward observe that the intermediate-layer attack disobeys the clustering effect of the AT-trained model. Inspired by these significant observations, we propose a regularization method to extend the perturbation searching space during training, named sufficient adversarial training (SAT). We give a proven robustness bound of neural networks through rigorous mathematical proof. The experimental evaluations manifest the superiority of SAT over other state-of-the-art AT mechanisms in defending against adversarial attacks against both output and intermediate layers. Our code and Appendix can be found at https://github.com/clustering-effect/SAT.
Physicochemical Parameters, Grain Size Distribution and Mineralogical Composition of Recent Bottom Sediments and water of Qaroun Lake, Fayoum, Egypt.

T HE PRESENT study aimed to study the physical and chemical properties of the recent bottom sediment and water of Qaroun lake. The water depth values varied in the Lake as 4.4, 5.1, and 5.7 m were at the eastern, western, and central regions, respectively, as well as water transparency values were 71.9, 73.5, and 92.2 mS/cm at the eastern, western, and middle zones, respectively. The transparency increased with increasing the depth. Water's (pH) was 8.05,7.85, and 8.13 while salinity values were 177.6, 191.4, and 191.6 mg/l in the east, central, and western regions, respectively. Electrical conductivity increases gradually from the east zone to the zone of west, passing through the central area. The average values of carbonates in the recent bottom sediment of Qaroun lake have fluctuated between 31.08, 37.05, and 34.24% in the eastern, central, and western regions, respectively. In contrast, the average values of organic matter in Qaroun lake have fluctuated between 17.33, 16.78, and 26.68% in the eastern, central, and western regions, respectively. The silt and mud are highly accumulated in the eastern region, clay and gravel are high in the central part, and sand increased in the western area. The XRD showed the distribution of mineralogical composition over the lake was found in the ranges Montmorillonite, 2-15 %, Kaolinite, 2-7 %, Quartz, 30-40%, Halite, 8-55%, Anhydrite, 7-10, Calcite, 20-30%, Albite, 10 %, Anorthite, 5-8 %, and Cosite, 25-40%.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF SKILLED BIRTH ATTENDANTS IN INDORE DISTRICT OF MADHYA PRADESH

Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) in providing antenatal care, intranatal care, management of complications, and postnatal care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at primary and secondary level of health-care delivery centers of Indore district in Madhya Pradesh. Health centers were selected by simple random sampling. SBA-trained health personnel were selected from the study health centers and their knowledge was assessed through pre-designed, semistructured questionnaire prepared from “Trainers manual for training of SBA” of MOHFW. Result: A total of 80 trained SBAs were selected from the study health centers. Knowledge regarding postnatal care was highest (88.5%) followed by knowledge regarding antenatal care (86.8) and intranatal care (82.3%). Knowledge regarding the management of complications was lowest (75.8%). Overall, average % of knowledge regarding various subtopics among Medical Officer/AYUSH Medical Officer was 88.5%, followed by staff nurse (SN) was 85.5, lady health visitor (LHV) was 83.4%, and auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM) was 76.1%. Average % in the management of complications was lowest among LHVs (61.9%) and ANM (66.3%). A significant difference was observed between SNs and ANM with regard to intranatal care (p=0.011) and management of complications (p<0.001). Conclusion: Knowledge of SBA was highest in postnatal care followed by antenatal and intranatal care and lowest in management of complications. Among the different categories of SBA, knowledge with regard to intranatal care and management of complications was better in SNs than ANMs.
A meta-analysis of alveolar bone grafting using bone substitutes in cleft lip and palate patients

In individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP), an alveolar bone graft (ABG) is carried out for alveolar cleft closure. Several sources for ABG include autologous bone, xenologous bone, and alloplastic substitutes. Autologous bone has been the preferred source for ABG. Alloplastic substitutes might serve as an alternative. This study aimed to compare the outcomes between autologous and alloplastic as sources for ABG. This study made use of eight web databases. Randomized control trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs were included. CLP patients with alveolar cleft with imaging studies, computed tomography (CT scan) and/or cone beam CT scan, and bone graft volume within 6–12 months postintervention were selected. Bone graft volume within 6–12 months postintervention was assessed. Three studies met the inclusion criteria. After 6–12 months of follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences in bone graft volume between autologous and alloplastic bone grafts (fixed-effect model estimate value = 0.21; confidence interval − 0.301–0.730; P = 0.414). The limitations include small research sample sizes, a high likelihood of bias among included studies, and different alloplastic materials from each included study. Autologous and alloplastic bone grafts showed similar effectiveness in alveolar bone grafting. Further clinical trial studies with bigger sample sizes and similar interventions are needed as evidence for future reviews.
Species/area and other relationships in land snail (Mollusca: Gastropoda terrestria) faunas of some Adriatic islands

Data from a number of surveys of land snails on islands off the Adriatic coast of Croatia are used to investigate the nature of the island species-area relationships (ISARs) both among larger islands and, in greater detail, among 83 islets in the Kornati archipelago. These islands and islets are all continental, and separated from the mainland no more than 10, 000 years ago. In both cases there are significant positive ISARs, but in the case of the islets the slope of the log/log regression is shallow (z = 0.131) relative to most reported ISARs from elsewhere. Island area and altitude are very strongly correlated, and it is impossible to distinguish between an effect due to area alone and one related to a greater range of habitats on higher islets. Despite the very small size of some islets, there is no evidence for any Small Island Effect. Increasing isolation does not result in impoverishment. Snail species differ in the extent to which they are more likely to occur on large islands ; while many show a strong association with island area, others, especially some not restricted to rocks, do not. The faunas are not strongly nested and some species found on small islets are not found on some larger ones, or on the much larger Kornat Island itself. Single site faunas on small islets are not much poorer than those from single sites on larger islands. We interpret the pattern as being mainly the product of long-term survival through the period of island formation, but we cannot rule out the possibility of some passive transport by humans.
How discipline shapes the meaning of value creation in higher education; implications for enterprise, entrepreneurship and employability.

This paper sets out the importance of teaching contextualized understandings of value within different disciplinary contexts in order to enhance employability and to foster greater levels of engagement with enterprise and entrepreneurship education. Key research has recognised the broader benefits of enterprise and entrepreneurship education, including that of developing graduate employability. Yet enterprise and entrepreneurship may not feel comfortable or relevant to students (EEUK, 2012; Henry, 2013). It has been identified that students can better relate to enterprise and entrepreneurship when it is contextualised in professions, sectors and communities of practice, moving away from a focus on venture creation and start up (Gibb, 2005). We argue that taking an approach which is explicitly based on value creation is a crucial driver of student engagement with enterprise and entrepreneurship education. This needs to be based in students’ individual values, embedded in their disciplines, and related to the communities of practice which as graduates they will go on to be part of. When grounded in the creation of value at an individual, disciplinary, and societal level, enterprise and entrepreneurship education can appeal to a wider constituency of students. In this paper, we discuss how value creation is understood in three diverse academic disciplines, Business, Biomedical Science and Music. Building on key research and drawing on our extensive practice as educators, we argue that explicitly foregrounding understandings of value within our different disciplinary contexts and developing appropriately contextualized, experiential forms of value creation-based pedagogy, is key to student engagement and enhances graduate employability.
Illuminating fuzziness about Istanbul's urban growth dynamics through the lens of climate change impact with fuzzy modelling

The fact that taking an action about controlling urban growth to minimize risks and adopt climate change is considerably significant in this century. This study explores the influence of urban growth dynamics on climate change indicators in İstanbul, Türkiye’s largest metropolitan area. Unlike many other studies that primarily focus on individual indicators, this research comprehensively examines the association between urban growth indicators (UGIs) and climate change impacts (CCIs) by defining direct and indirect relations, contributing valuable insights to the literature by considering the main components of urban growth in the context of urban areas. Primarily, the literature was reviewed to release CCIs originated from urban growth and to highlight UGIs. After the study area was chosen as an İstanbul, population rate, economic structure and quality of life (QoL) as three main indicators of urban growth one by one were examined and some values/indexes about UGIs was compared with the İstanbul’s value. Fuzzy Decision Making Technique (FDMT) in MATLAB programme was chosen as a methodology to be applied through main indicators which affect CCI in İstanbul. What the urban growth dynamics have effects on climate change was concluded by FDMT graphs that had been interpreted through five scenarios (the worst, bad, medium, good, the best). The study's results reveal a significant correlation between population, economy, QoL, and CCIs. Specifically, it is proof that a high population rate, low economic wealth, and low QoL are associated with heightened CCIs in İstanbul.
Effect of palladium(II) complexes on NorA efflux pump inhibition and resensitization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: in vitro and in silico approach

Staphylococcus aureus leads to diverse infections, and their treatment relies on the use of antibiotics. Nevertheless, the rise of antibiotic resistance poses an escalating challenge and various mechanisms contribute to antibiotic resistance, including modifications to drug targets, enzymatic deactivation of drugs, and increased efflux of antibiotics. Hence, the quest for innovative antimicrobial solutions has intensified in the face of escalating antibiotic resistance and the looming threat of superbugs. The NorA protein of S. aureus, classified as an efflux pump within the major facilitator superfamily, when overexpressed, extrudes various substances, including fluoroquinolones (such as ciprofloxacin) and quaternary ammonium. Addressing this, the unexplored realm of inorganic and organometallic compounds in medicinal chemistry holds promise. Notably, the study focused on investigating two different series of palladium-based metal complexes consisting of QSL_PA and QSL_PB ligands to identify a potent NorA efflux pump inhibitor that can restore the susceptibility to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. QSL_Pd5A was identified as a potent efflux pump inhibitor from the real-time efflux assay. QSL_Pd5A also resensitized SA1199B to ciprofloxacin at a low concentration of 0.125 µg/mL without elucidating cytotoxicity on the NRK-62E cell line. The in vitro findings were substantiated by docking results, indicating favorable interactions between QSL_Pd5A and the NorA efflux pump.