Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retardation of Hydrocarbon Generation and Maturation by Water Pressure in Geologic Basins: An Experimental Investigation

Temperature-time–based first-order kinetic models are currently used to predict hydrocarbon generation and maturation in basin modeling. Physical chemical theory, however, indicates that water pressure should exert significant control on the extent of these hydrocarbon generation and maturation reactions. We previously heated type II Kimmeridge Clay source rock in the range of 310 to 350C at a water pressure of 500 bar to show that pressure retarded hydrocarbon generation. This study extended a previous study on hydrocarbon generation from the Kimmeridge Clay that investigated the effects of temperature in the range of 350 to 420C at water pressures as much as 500 bar and for periods of 6, 12, and 24 hr. Although hydrocarbon generation reactions at temperatures of 420C are controlled mostly by the high temperature, pressure is found to have a significant effect on the phase and the amounts of hydrocarbons generated. In addition to hydrocarbon yields, this study also includes the effect of temperature, time, and pressure on maturation. Water pressure of 390 bar or higher retards the vitrinite reflectance by an average of ca. 0.3% Ro compared with the values obtained under low pressure hydrous conditions across the temperature range investigated. Temperature, pressure, and time all control the vitrinite reflectance. Therefore, models to predict hydrocarbon generation and maturation in geological basins must include pressure in the kinetic models used to predict the extent of these reactions.
Pragmatic Trial to Enhance Medication Adherence: Protocol for the NUDGE Trial

Russell E. Glasgow (  russell.glasgow@cuanschutz.edu ) University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4218-3231 Christopher E. Knoepke University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus David Magid University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus Gary K. Grunwald University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus Thomas J. Glorioso US Department of Veterans Affairs Joy Waughtal University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus Joel C. Marrs University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus Sheana Bull University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus P. Michael Ho University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus
Multiobjective Framework for Model-based Design of Experiments to Improve Parameter Precision and Minimize Parameter Correlation

The need for first principles based models for chemical and biological processes has led to the development of techniques for model-based design of experiments (MBDOE). These techniques help in speeding up the parameter estimation efforts and typically lead to improved parameter precision with a relatively short experimental campaign. In the case of complex kinetic networks involving parallel and/or consecutive reactions, correlation among model parameters makes the inverse problem of parameter estimation very difficult. It is therefore important to develop experimental design techniques that not only increase information content about the system to facilitate precise parameter estimation but also reduce the correlation among parameters. This article presents a multiobjective optimization (MOO) based framework for experimental design, where, in addition to the traditional objective of eliciting maximally informative data for parameter estimation, an explicit objective to reduce correlation among parameter.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS RELATED TO PROBLEMATIC INTERNET AND SMARTPHONE USE

Anahtar kelimeler problemli internet kullanımı, problemli akıllı telefon kullanımı, sosyal kaygı semptomları, depresyon semptomları, yenilik arayışı Abstract In today’s world, internet and smartphones have become essential parts of our lives. Besides their advantages, there are also some drawbacks regarding their usage. To investigate these drawbacks, problematic internet and smartphone use has been separately investigated within the scope of behavioral addiction. In parallel to this, present study aimed to investigate the relationship between problematic internet and smartphone use and psychological factors that were related to diverse addictive disorders in a Turkish sample. It was hypothesized that emotion regulation, self-control, depression and social anxiety symptoms, and novelty seeking would predict problematic internet and smartphone use. Data was collected from 337 adults between the ages of 18 and 66 (M = 28.86, SD = 9.72). The results showed that although social anxiety and depression symptoms as well as low self-control predicted problematic internet and smartphone use; novelty seeking predicted only problematic smartphone use. Additionally, difficulties in emotion regulation did not predict problematic internet and smartphone use.
Separation,Purification and Property Study of β-Glucosidase and α-Galactosidase from Fresh Roots of Rehmannia glutinosa

Objective To separate and purify β-glucosidase and α-galactosidase from the fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa,and study the properties of them.Methods β-glucosidase and α-galactosidase were extracted from the fresh roots with phosphate buffer and preliminarily purified by two-step salting out with ammonium sulfate and two-step gel column chromatography.The optimal activity and thermal stability of the two enzymes were studied with pNPG as a substrate.Results and Conclusion In the fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa,β-glucosidase was composed of only one ingredient,while α-galactosidase was composed of three isozymes. β-glucosidase had a poor thermal stability and it was inactivated rapidly at 50 ℃,while α-galactosidase got the highest total activity at 50 ℃ and lost its activity at the temperature over 70 ℃ for a short time.
A Review of Internal and External Factors Underlying the Purchase of Counterfeit Products

Purchasing counterfeit products has been increasing over time, totaling billions of dollars. The primary purpose of this study is to provide a review on the factors underlying the purchase of counterfeit vs. original products. We provide a model showing the purchase of counterfeit products relies on a combination of both internal (consumer-related) factors and external (product-related) factors. Our review and model provide important information for reducing the purchase of counterfeit products. Importantly, we suggest that the use of relationship marketing techniques can help reduce the purchase of counterfeit products and increase brand loyalty. We further discuss future research studies to test the impact of using relationship marketing techniques on increasing the purchase of original products and brand loyalty.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Asphaltenes at the Oil–Water Interface: From Nanoaggregation to Thin-Film Formation

We have investigated the interfacial behavior of asphaltene molecules at the oil–water interface using molecular dynamics simulations. Oil precipitants and solvents are represented by heptane and toluene, respectively. It was found that asphaltenes are preferably distributed in the oil phase in the case of pure toluene, whereas they accumulate at the oil–water interface for pure heptane. Interestingly, the interfacial tension (IFT) of the interfacial system containing a small amount of asphaltene molecules is close to that of a pure heptane–water system, while the IFT of the system containing a large amount of asphaltene molecules is much reduced, ∼12 mN/m. Further, it was shown that the reduced IFT results from a complete asphaltene film formed at the oil–water interface when asphaltenes are abundant. In addition, it was found that a small amount of asphaltene molecules stacked their aromatic planes and formed a nanoscale aggregate, which exhibited an exotic molecular oscillation behavior of asphaltene m.
NANOTOXICITY In vivo study of fullerenes contradicts in vitro data

Fullerenes exhibit little pulmonary toxicity in vivo, according to a new study in rats ( Nano Lett ., DOI: 10.1021/nl0710710). The finding is contrary to those of earlier in vitro tests that showed that C 60 is toxic to human cells, including dermal fibroblasts, lung epithelial cells, and astrocytes. Christie M. Sayes, David B. Warheit, and colleagues at the DuPont Haskell Laboratory for Health & Environmental Sciences, in Newark, Del. , took aqueous solutions of nano-C 60 —a water-soluble aggregate of pristine, underivatized C 60 —and instilled them into the trachea of rats. They then examined the animals' lungs after one day, one week, one month, and three months. A similar experiment was carried out with the compound C 60 (OH) 24 , a fullerene derivative that has been shown to be benign in in vitro tests. In both cases, the DuPont team found only transitory inflammatory and cell injury effects, probably due to the instillation procedure. Even with the highest dose of fullerenes, no adverse .
The effect of Cobalt on the Kinetics of Oxygen evolution at a Lead Dioxide anode in Sulphuric Acid

The overpotential (n)-log current density (log i) curves for the evolution of oxygen at a lead dioxide anode in 2N H2SO4 both in the absence and presence of cobaltous sulphate in solution have been used to determine the electrode kinetic constants α ; i0 for a series of temperatures and also ΔH0*:. At 25 °C in the absence of cobalt α=O.59, i0= 10-11, and ΔH0*= 15 kcal mole-1 When 13 mg/l cobaltous sulphate is added α= 1.0, i0= 10-15, and ΔH0*:=29 kcal mole-1. Possible mechanisms for the reaction are discussed on the basis of these values and the rate determining steps suggested (where M represents the PbO2 surface) are M +H2O =MOH +H+ +e in the absence of cobalt and 2CoOH++ = 2Co++ +H2O + O in its presence.
Critical fluctuations and anomalous diffusion in two-component lipid membranes: Monte Carlo simulations on experimentally relevant scales

This work addresses properties of two-component lipid membranes on the experimentally relevant spatial scales of order of a micrometer and time intervals of order of a second by means of lattice-based Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. To be able to do that with reasonable computational efforts the lipid membrane is modeled as a square lattice of lipid molecules with next-neighbor interaction. This allows for efficient computation and thus provides a large-scale simulation with which it was possible to obtain important results previously not reported in simulation studies of lipid membranes. After properly tuning the next-neighbor interaction energies the simulation reproduces the experimental phase diagram of the DMPC/DSPC lipid system which is used as a model system in this work. Beyond that, the MC simulation provides a more detailed description of the phase behavior of the lipid mixture than the experimental data. It is found that, within a certain range of lipid compositions, the phase transition from the fluid phase to the fluid–gel phase coexistence proceeds via near-critical fluctuations, while for other lipid compositions this phase transition has a quasi-abrupt character. The complete combined state and component phase diagram is constructed by structure function analysis which confirms the existence of a critical point in the system. The dynamics of membrane coarsening after an abrupt temperature quench to the fluid–gel coexistence region of the phase diagram are studied. In this context, it is found that lateral diffusion of lipids plays an important role in the fluid–gel phase separation process. Dynamic scaling is observed only if the ratio of gel and fluid phase in the membrane stays constant in time. The line tension characterizing lipid domains in the fluid–gel coexistence region is found to be in the pN range thus matching values both predicted theoretically and measured experimentally. When approaching the critical point, the line tension, the inverse correlation length of fluid–gel spatial fluctuations, and the corresponding inverse order parameter susceptibility of the membrane vanish in agreement with recent experimental findings for model lipid membranes. By simulating single particle tracking and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments it is found that in the presence of near-critical fluctuations lipid molecules show transient subdiffusive behavior, which is a new result important for understanding the origins of subdiffusion in cell membranes which are believed to be close to a critical point.
Analysis of variables affecting mixed liquor volatile suspended solids and prediction of effluent quality parameters in a real wastewater treatment plant

AbstractThis article was an effort to predict effluent quality parameters and analyze variables affecting mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) for Ekbatan wastewater treatment plant in Tehran, Iran. These parameters were predicted and analyzed using two of the most common classes of artificial neural networks (MLP and RBF) coupled with genetic algorithm. Temperature, pH, influent concentration of the parameters, sludge volume index (SVI), and sludge volume after 30 min of settling (V30) were inputs of the neural networks. These inputs were used to predict biochemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations as well as MLVSS concentration in the aeration tank. The introduced models for training and testing data sets indicated an almost perfect match between the experimental and the predicted values of COD, TN, TSS, and MLVSS. The models were verified by evaluating their performance in propitiously simulating the statistical features of the observe.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN, DAN INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMISKINAN PROVINSI PAPUA TAHUN 2014-2019

Kemiskinan menjadi masalah utama di Kawasan Timur Indonesia. Provinsi Papua merupakan daerah yang tingkat kemiskinan paling tinggi dari 34 provinsi lain di Indonesia. Kondisi kemiskinan di Kabupaten dan Kota di Provinsi Papua pada rentang waktu 2014-2019, dimana Kabupaten Deiyai menjadi Kabupaten dengan tingkat kemiskinan paling tinggi mencapai 44,35% disusul oleh Kabupaten Intan Jaya sebesar 41,63%. Dalam penelitian ini membahas faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan di Provinsi Papua yang meliputi pertumbuhan ekonomi, ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan, dan indeks pembangunan manusia sebagai variabel independen dalam kurun waktu 2014-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi data panel dengan model fixed effect dengan jumlah data cross section sebanyak 29 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Papua dan data time series sebanyak 6 tahun. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap tingkat kemiskinan, ada pengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan, ada pengaruh negatif dan signifikan indeks pembangunan manusia (IPM) terhadap tingkat kemiskinan, dan ada pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan, dan IPM secara bersama-sama terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Provinsi Papua selama tahun 2014 sampai 2019.
Observable Hysteresis at Low Temperature in “Hysteresis Free” Organic–Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

In this paper we address the JV hysteresis behavior of planar organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells fabricated using PC60BM as the cathode. At room temperature, these devices exhibit apparently hysteresis free JV scans. We observe that cooling the temperature to 175 K results in the appearance of substantial JV hysteresis. Employing chronoamperometric measurements, we demonstrate that the half-time for the relaxation process underlying this hysteresis slows from 0.6 s at 298 K to 15.5 s at 175 K, yielding an activation energy of 0.12 eV. We further demonstrate that by cooling a cell to 77 K while held under positive bias, we are able to “freeze” the cell into the most favorable condition for efficient photovoltaic performance. We thus conclude that changes to device architecture that appear to remove room temperature JV hysteresis may not remove the underlying process(es), but rather shift them to time scales not readily observable in typical room temperature JV scans.
Promoting Self-Efficacy Beliefs among Faculty of Education EFL Student Teachers through Problem Based Learning

The present research aimed at improving EFL fourth year student teachers’ teaching self-efficacy through Problem Based Learning (PBL). Participants of the research were selected from the fourth year student teachers at Faculty of Education, Benha University, in the academic year 2018/2019. They were randomly assigned into two groups: experimental (n=30) and control (n=30). The instruments of the research were a prepost scale of teaching self-efficacy (adopted from Hammam’s final version, 2016) and a reflection form (prepared by the researcher). The research adopted the pre-post experimental/control group design. Results of the research revealed that the experimental group teaching selfefficacy was significantly higher than the control group. Thus, it is recommended to use PBL in improving teaching self-efficacy at the Faculties of Education in Egypt.
Simple Risk Stratification based on Killip Classification and the Six-minute Walk Test Borg Scale for Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome for Papuanese People in Rural Hospital

Background: Accurate risk stratification for untoward outcomes after acute coronary syndrome patients may help clinicians guide the type and intensity of therapy. Unfortunately, most of the Papuanese people face difficulties in accessing sophisticated medical treatment. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the simplest but most accurate risk stratification for ACS patients treated in rural hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Sele Be Solu Regional Hospital at Sorong Regency in West Papua Province. Fifteen unselected patients from September 2019 to March 2020 period with ACS were prospectively studied. All the data were collected from medical records. Results: Subject characteristics mostly were male (80%) and mean age was 54 years, (13,3%) subjects were age less than 45 years. The most diagnosed ACS type was STEMI (73,3%). Conclusion:In Papuanese patients with ACS in rural hospital, those at highest risk can be identified using Killip classification and The Six-minute Walk Test Borg Scale as short term predictor for ACS patients’ outcome.
Only children or siblings: Who has higher physical activity and healthier weight?

Background The influence of parents on physical activity (PA) and body weight of their children is confirmed by scientific studies and accepted by the professional community. However, it is not known whether only children or those with siblings have a higher level of PA and healthier body weight. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess whether there are any differences in the daily step counts (SC) and the prevalence of obesity between only children and children with siblings, and whether the achievement of the daily SC recommendation by children/parents and parental obesity influence obesity in children with and without siblings. Methods The analysis included 566 families (10.6%/89.4% with single child/two or more children) with complete data of family members on weight status and ambulatory PA monitored with a Yamax pedometer during regular school/work week during spring and autumn between 2013–2019. The cut-point values of the daily SC recommendation amounted to ≥ 13,000/≥11,000 steps/day for 5–12 years old sons/daughters and ≥ 10,000 steps/day for 12–16-year-old adolescents and adults. The Chi-Square (χ2) test series was used to compare the achievement of the daily SC recommendation and the prevalence of normal body weight, overweight and obesity between only children and those with siblings. Logistic regression models (Enter method) were used to investigate whether the achievement of the daily SC recommendation by children/parents and parental obesity were associated with obesity in offspring in single-child families and families with more children. Results A significantly higher proportion of children with siblings (p < 0.01) achieved the recommended daily SC (51.8% vs. 31.7%) and showed a lower prevalence of overweight (16.2% vs. 20.0%) and obesity (7.1% vs. 20.0%) compared with only children. The achievement of the daily SC recommendation in children significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the odds ratio (OR) of obesity (OR = 0.22–0.34). Children with siblings had lower odds (OR = 0.41–0.54) of obesity than only children, but significantly (p < 0.05) only in mother-child dyads. Overweight/obesity of mothers significantly increased (p < 0.05) the odds of obesity (OR = 2.07) in their children. Conclusion Children from families with siblings have a higher amount of daily PA and healthier body weight than single-child families.
The Accelerated Crystal Phase Transition for Rutile Titania

The titanate solution has been prepared by dissolving ilmenite in sulfuric acid. A composite crystal seed was obtained from titanate solution and stannous dichloride in the course of hydrolysis of titanate solution under atmosphere pressure, using stannic oxide(7.0% in mass fraction) as an accelerant. Thus the temperature of crystal phase transition from anatase to rutile titania was decreased to 870 ℃, the time for complete phase transition was shortened evidently. It was also found that introducing 0.5%(mass fraction) zinc ions in the salt treatment process could further shorten the phase transition time.
Winterkill and Biomass of the Painted Turtle in a South Dakota Wetland

Winterkill occurs when drought conditions expose hibernating turtles to desiccation and leth<vly cold temperatures. Winterkill is thought to represent a major source of mortality in northern populations of the painted turtle (Chrysemys piela), but few field observations are available. We herein reported on catastrophic winterkill among western painted turtle (c. pieta bellii) at Limestone Butte Lake (LBL) in western South Dakota during the winter of 2003-2004. Additionally, we used the carcasses of winterkilled turtles (n = 86) to estimate the standing crop biomass of the painted turtle at LBL (0.6 kg/ha). This was the only estimate of biomass available for a painted turtle population in South Dakota and one of only two for the Great Plains; furthermore, it was the lowest estimate from anywhere in North America. We attributed this to several factors, including the painted turtle probably began emigrating from LBL in response to receding water levels before the winterkill event of 2003-2004.
Dynamics of Precise Ethylene Ionomers Containing Ionic Liquid Functionality

This paper presents the first findings on the molecular dynamics of the remarkable new class of linear and precisely functionalized ethylene copolymers. Specifically, we utilize broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy to investigate the molecular dynamics of linear polyethylene (PE)-based ionomers containing 1-methylimidazolium bromide (ImBr) pendants on exactly every 9th, 15th, or 21st carbon atom, along with one pseudorandom analogue. We also employed FTIR spectroscopy to provide insight into local ionic interactions and the nature of the ordering of the ethylene spacers between pendants. Prior X-ray scattering experiments revealed that the polar ionic groups in these ionomers self-assemble into microphase-separated aggregates dispersed throughout the nonpolar PE matrix. We focus primarily on the dynamics of the segmental relaxations, which are significantly slowed down compared to linear PE due to ion aggregation. Relaxation times depend on composition, the presence of crystallinity, and microphas.