Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Misclassification of stunting, underweight and wasting in children 0–5 years of South Asian and Dutch descent: ethnic-specific v. WHO criteria

Abstract Objective: Several authors have questioned the suitability of WHO Child Growth Standards (WHO-CGS) for all ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to identify potential misclassification of stunting, underweight and wasting in children of Surinamese Asian Indian, South Asian (Pakistan/India) and Dutch descent. Design: A series of routine cross-sectional measurements, collected 2012–2015. South Asian-specific normative growth references for weight-for-age and weight-for-length/height were constructed using the LMS method based on historic growth data of Surinamese Asian Indians born between 1974 and 1976. WHO-CGS and ethnic-specific references were applied to calculate z-scores and prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting. Setting: Youth HealthCare, providing periodical preventive health check-ups. Participants: 11 935 children aged 0–5 years. Results: Considerable deviations from WHO-CGS were found, with higher-than-expected stunting rates, especially in the first 6 months of life. Surinamese Asian Indian children showed stunting rates up to 16·0 % and high underweight and wasting over the whole age range (up to 7·2 and 6·7 %, respectively). Dutch children consistently had mean WHO-CGS z-scores 0·3–0·5 sd above the WHO baseline (>6 months). The application of ethnic-specific references showed low rates for all studied indicators, although South Asian children were taller and larger than their Surinamese Asian Indian counterparts. Conclusions: WHO-CGS misclassify a considerable proportion of children from all ethnic groups as stunted in the first 6 months of life. Underweight and wasting are considerably overestimated in Surinamese Asian Indian children. Ethnic-specific growth references are recommended for Surinamese Asian Indian and Dutch children. The considerable differences found between South Asian subpopulations requires further research.
Analysis of RNA sequences of 3636 SARS-CoV-2 collected from 55 countries reveals selective sweep of one virus type

Background & objectives: SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) is evolving with the progression of the pandemic. This study was aimed to investigate the diversity and evolution of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 with progression of the pandemic over time and to identify similarities and differences of viral diversity and evolution across geographical regions (countries). Methods: Publicly available data on type definitions based on whole-genome sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 sampled during December and March 2020 from 3636 infected patients spread over 55 countries were collected. Phylodynamic analyses were performed and the temporal and spatial evolution of the virus was examined. Results: It was found that (i) temporal variation in frequencies of types of the coronavirus was significant; ancestral viruses of type O were replaced by evolved viruses belonging to type A2a; (ii) spatial variation was not significant; with the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the dominant virus was the A2a type virus in every geographical region; (iii) within a geographical region, there was significant micro-level variation in the frequencies of the different viral types, and (iv) the evolved coronavirus of type A2a swept rapidly across all continents. Interpretation & conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the A2a type possesses a non-synomymous variant (D614G) that possibly eases the entry of the virus into the lung cells of the host. This may be the reason why the A2a type has an advantage to infect and survive and as a result has rapidly swept all geographical regions. Therefore, large-scale sequencing of coronavirus genomes and, as required, of host genomes should be undertaken in India to identify regional and ethnic variation in viral composition and its interaction with host genomes. Further, careful collection of clinical and immunological data of the host can provide deep learning in relation to infection and transmission of the types of coronavirus genomes.
Strategies for Attention to Diversity: Perceptions of Secondary School Teaching Staff

(1) Background: Attention to diversity constitutes an aspect that influences system quality and offers a perspective of the capacity of educational centres to respond to educational needs. The present study carried out an examination of the perceptions held by secondary school teachers and the level of importance conferred by them to the variables that should be integrated into plans and will influence the degree of compliance. (2) Methods: Quantitative descriptive research was performed using a survey to collect data from teachers at schools that had a Quality Management System available. (3) Results: Interaction with families is necessary to agree upon the centre’s objectives to address diversity and to define an optimisation strategy for resources in virtue of their availability within the centre. It is key to establish an appropriate teacher–student ratio to encourage compliance. (4) Conclusions: Teachers are the great pillars of quality education. Their perceptions are the route through which deficient aspects and the dimensions that must be improved when formulating these strategies can be recognised with attention to diversity.
Fatal fulminant community-acquired pneumonia caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae K2-ST86

Abstract Rationale: Invasive community-acquired infections, including pyogenic liver abscesses, caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) strains have been well recognized worldwide. Among these, sporadic hvKp-related community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an acute-onset, rapidly progressing disease that can likely turn fatal, if left untreated. However, the clinical diagnosis of hvKp infection remains challenging due to its non-specific symptoms, lack of awareness regarding this disease, and no consensus definition of hvKp. Patient concerns: A 39-year-old man presented with high-grade fever and sudden-onset chest pain. Laboratory testing revealed an elevated white blood cell count of 11,600 cells/μl and C-reactive protein level (>32 mg/dl). A chest X-ray and computed tomography revealed a focal consolidation in the left lower lung field. Diagnosis: Diagnosis of fulminant CAP caused by a hvKp K2-ST86 strain was made based upon multilocus sequencing typing (MLST). Interventions: The patient was treated with ampicillin/sulbactam. Outcomes: The pneumonia became fulminant. Despite intensive care and treatment, he eventually died 15.5 hours after admission. Lessons: This is the first case of fatal fulminant CAP caused by a hvKp K2-ST86 strain reported in Japan. MLST was extremely useful for providing a definitive diagnosis for this infection. Thus, we propose that a biomarker-based approach should be considered even for an exploratory diagnosis of CAP related to hvKp infection.
Hypertension and selected indicators of health assessment in a population of 19-year-old men subject to military qualifications

Abstract Assessment the prevalence of hypertension and its relation to selected indicators of health status and performance, including classification of BMI, obesity classifications, and body structure in a large test group of 19-year-old men. The study was observational-retrospective, and included a group of 17,282 men, aged 19, from the Małopolska region. All subjects met the qualifications for compulsory military service in 2017. We analyzed selected data obtained from the records of the Ministry of National Defense-spiral-ZINT. Data collection and analysis were carried out from April 1, 2018 to August 31, 2018. Hypertension was found at 0.6%, weak body structure at 0.8% and obesity co-existing with cardiorespiratory insufficiency has been reported 2.6% of respondents and it was more frequent in the recruiters from HT II0 than I0. The underweight concerned almost 7%, and the overweight and obesity of 1/4 of conscripts. The vast majority of people with hypertension were characterized by excessive body weight (74.8%), mainly overweight. Hypertension was seen in a negligible percentage of males studied and was significantly associated with an increase in BMI, particularly with regards to being overweight.
Incrementality and efficiency shape pragmatics across languages

Significance Pragmatic theories account for the types of inferences that people must derive to interpret language in context (e.g., the speaker’s intention in using a word), regardless of their language. Here we show that a language’s word order determines how pragmatic inferences inform real-time interpretation and how this results from languages being interpreted incrementally and efficiently. In an eye-tracking study comparing four typologically unrelated languages—Catalan, Hindi, Hungarian, and Wolof—we find that, upon seeing identical displays and hearing equivalent descriptions, speakers of adjective–noun languages resolve reference earlier by inferring the intended function of adjectives. Our work shows that, while all language interpretation relies on pragmatic inference, understanding how speaker intentions inform real-time language interpretation calls for a cross-linguistic investigation. To correctly interpret a message, people must attend to the context in which it was produced. Here we investigate how this process, known as pragmatic reasoning, is guided by two universal forces in human communication: incrementality and efficiency, with speakers of all languages interpreting language incrementally and making the most efficient use of the incoming information. Crucially, however, the interplay between these two forces results in speakers of different languages having different pragmatic information available at each point in processing, including inferences about speaker intentions. In particular, the position of adjectives relative to nouns (e.g., “black lamp” vs. “lamp black”) makes visual context information available in reverse orders. In an eye-tracking study comparing four unrelated languages that have been understudied with regard to language processing (Catalan, Hindi, Hungarian, and Wolof), we show that speakers of languages with an adjective–noun order integrate context by first identifying properties (e.g., color, material, or size), whereas speakers of languages with a noun–adjective order integrate context by first identifying kinds (e.g., lamps or chairs). Most notably, this difference allows listeners of adjective–noun descriptions to infer the speaker’s intention when using an adjective (e.g., “the black…” as implying “not the blue one”) and anticipate the target referent, whereas listeners of noun–adjective descriptions are subject to temporary ambiguity when deriving the same interpretation. We conclude that incrementality and efficiency guide pragmatic reasoning across languages, with different word orders having different pragmatic affordances.
Adjuvant chemotherapy after radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy for pelvic lymph node-positive patients with locally advanced cervical cancer: a propensity score matching analysis

Objective The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy after definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with pelvic lymph node-positive cervical cancer has been poorly studied. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy to definitive radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy improves survival in patients with pelvic lymph node-positive cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients with stage IB–IVA pelvic lymph node-positive cervical squamous cell carcinoma, without para-aortic lymph node metastases and initially treated with definitive radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy between March 2007 and February 2018. Patients were classified into the adjuvant chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil or paclitaxel, plus cisplatin) and no-adjuvant chemotherapy groups. Treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups before and after 1:1 ratio propensity score matching. Results Medical records of 951 patients were reviewed and 792 patients were excluded. Finally, 159 patients were enrolled for analysis. Of these, 42 patients received a median of two cycles (range, 1–6) of adjuvant chemotherapy and 117 patients under observation after primary treatment. The median follow-up period was 33.8 months (range, 2.9–113.0). Before propensity score matching, no significant difference was observed in survivals between the two groups (P>0.05). After propensity score matching, 37 pairs of patients were selected. The 3-year rates of progression-free survival, overall survival, local control, and distant metastasis-free survival in the adjuvant chemotherapy and no-adjuvant chemotherapy groups were 80.2% and 60.4% (P=0.07), 83.0% and 63.7% (P=0.17), 94.0% and 81.9% (P=0.12), and 85.9% and 60.1% (P=0.04), respectively. The incidences of grade 3–4 acute and late toxicities were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). Discussion Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved 3-year distant metastasis-free survival in patients with pelvic lymph node-positive cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Further prospective studies are needed to provide supportive evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Non-Targeted Metabolite Profiles and Sensory Properties Elucidate Commonalities and Differences of Wines Made with the Same Variety but Different Cultivar Clones

Grapes, one of the oldest agricultural crops, are cultivated to produce table fruits, dried fruits, juice, and wine. Grapevine variety is composed of clones that share common morphological traits. However, they can differ in minor genetic mutations which often result in not only notorious morphological changes but also in other non-visible sensorial distinctive attributes. In the present work, we identified three Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir clones grown under identical field conditions that showed different grape cluster types. Here, sensorial analysis together with non-targeted metabolite profiles by Ultra High performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) couples to Ultra High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) of wines elaborated from the three different grape cluster types was studied with the aim of (i) finding sensorial differences among these three types of wines, and, if there were, (ii) determining the molecular features (metabolites) associated with these sensorial attributes by a multivariate statistical approach.
Habitat selection and clustering of a pelagic fish : effects of topography and bathymetry on species dynamics

Two dynamic aspects of the ecology of pelagic fish, distribution and abundance, have been linked to topographic, bathymetric, and biotic factors. The two-stage generalized additive modelling (GAM) approach undertaken in the present study offered biological interpretations of presence/absence of a pelagic fish species as distinguished from abundance (if present) in relation to various abiotic and biotic factors. The data were collected during the ICES coordinated Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) acoustic surveys (ICES Division IVa) of July 1992, 1994, and 1995 in the northern North Sea. The depth of the water column, the seabed substrate, and zooplankton biomass appeared to be significant factors modulating presence and relative abundance of a pelagic species within the northern North Sea. Results indicated that habitats with the higher probability of finding herring present were those located in shallower waters having a gravel/sand type of seabed that also carried the highest zooplankton abundances. Sp.
Climatic and oceanic influences on the abundance of gelatinous zooplankton in the North Sea

Oceanographically based mechanisms are shown to explain the spatial variation in the climatic relationship between the abundance of medusae (Aurelia aurita and Cyanea spp. of the class Scyphozoa), in the North Sea between 1971 and 1986 during June–August, and the winter (December–March) North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI). A scyphomedusa population to the west of Denmark shows a strong inverse relationship between medusa abundance and fluctuations in the NAOI; the NAOI correlates strongly (P < 0.001) with both annual sea surface temperature (SST) at 6.5°E 56.5°N (1950–2008) and with winter precipitation on the Danish coast at Nordby (1900–2008) suggesting a direct link between the influence of climate and medusae abundance. In contrast, scyphomedusa abundance and distribution in the northern North Sea appears to be influenced by oceanic and mixed water inflow, which may overwhelm or mask any direct climatic influence on jellyfish abundance. Similarly, advection can also explain much of the interannual variability (1959–2000) in the abundance of other gelatinous zooplankton taxa (Cnidaria, Ctenophora and Siphonophora) in the northern North Sea as identified by the capture of gelatinous tissue and nematocysts (stinging cells) in Continuous Plankton Recorder samples. Jellyfish (Scyphozoa) in the southern North Sea may benefit from low temperature anomalies and the long-term effects of global warming might suppress Aurelia aurita and Cyanea spp. populations there. However, the biological response to temperature is complex and future research is required in this area.
Using Eye Gaze to Enhance Generalization of Imitation Networks to Unseen Environments

Vision-based autonomous driving through imitation learning mimics the behavior of human drivers by mapping driver view images to driving actions. This article shows that performance can be enhanced via the use of eye gaze. Previous research has shown that observing an expert’s gaze patterns can be beneficial for novice human learners. We show here that neural networks can also benefit. We trained a conditional generative adversarial network to estimate human gaze maps accurately from driver-view images. We describe two approaches to integrating gaze information into imitation networks: eye gaze as an additional input and gaze modulated dropout. Both significantly enhance generalization to unseen environments in comparison with a baseline vanilla network without gaze, but gaze-modulated dropout performs better. We evaluated performance quantitatively on both single images and in closed-loop tests, showing that gaze modulated dropout yields the lowest prediction error, the highest success rate in overtaking cars, the longest distance between infractions, lowest epistemic uncertainty, and improved data efficiency. Using Grad-CAM, we show that gaze modulated dropout enables the network to concentrate on task-relevant areas of the image.
Is There a Covalent Intermediate in the Viral Neuraminidase Reaction? A Hybrid Potential Free-Energy Study

The neuraminidase from the influenza virus is essential for maintaining viral infectivity as it aids in the transmission of the virus between cells. Although there are large variations in the amino acid sequences of neuraminidases from different influenza strains, there are several amino acids in the active site region of the protein that are strictly conserved. This has raised hopes that a single neuraminidase inhibitor and, hence a drug, can be found that is effective against all influenza strains. In this paper, we examine with theoretical simulation techniques one aspect of the reaction catalyzed by the viral neuraminidase that could be important for inhibitor design studiesnamely, whether a covalently bound complex can be formed between the enzyme and the sialosyl cation intermediate that occurs during the reaction. We used a hybrid semiempirical quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) potential in conjunction with potential of mean force calculations to determine the free-energy profiles for.
Evidence supporting an extensive new synonymy for Pseudopyrochroa basalis (PIC) (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae), with description of the mature larva and redescription of the adult

Abstract Evidence from field collections, laboratory rearings, comparative anatomy of larvae and adults, and a study of all types leads me to propose that 12 southeast Asian species of Pseudopyrochroa described by Maurice Pic between 1909 and 1943 be considered junior synonyms of P. basalis (Pic). The names in question include Pseudopyrochroa atra, Schizotus dohertyi, Pyrochroa fruhstorferi, Pyrochroa inapicalis, Schizotus javanus, Pyrochroa (Schizotus) javanus reductus, Pseudopyrochroa latenigra, Pyrochroa maculata, Pseudopyrochroa multiimpressa, Pseudopyrochroa opacicollis, Pyrochroa (Schizotus) sulcaticeps, and Pyrochroa (Schizotus) testaceipennis. Additionally, three species described by Kenneth Blair in 1912 from Indonesia (Java) and Malaysia (Borneo) should be considered synonymous with P. basalis. These names are Pyrochroa apicipennis, Pyrochroa fulvipennis, and Pyrochroa ruficollis, the latter of which had previously been synonymized with Pseudopyrochroa dohertyi (Pic). The discovery of the larva .
Investigating Emotion-label and Emotion-laden Words in a Semantic Satiation Paradigm

Current literature suggests emotion-label words (e.g., sad) and emotion-laden words (e.g., funeral) are processed differently. The central focus of the present study was to investigate how valence and emotion word type influence how words are processed. A satiation paradigm was used to characterize the relationship between the processing of emotion-label and emotion-laden words of positive and negative valence. It was hypothesized that, in addition to the standard slowed response times to satiated words, emotion-label words would exhibit greater satiation and priming effects than emotion-laden words. Analyses indicated expected priming and satiation effects across a range of other stimulus characteristics. Neutral words, which were included as a comparison stimulus type for both valence and word type variables, were shown to elicit much slower reaction times than either emotion word type. The results of the present study indicate the importance of valence in word processing, even when other word characteristics and experimental variables are at play. Current models of word processing do not sufficiently account for emotional characteristics of words, and implications for word processing models are discussed.
Effects of Feed Rate and Screw Speed on Operating Characteristics and Extrudate Properties During Single-Screw Extrusion Cooking of Rice Flour

ABSTRACT Rice flour (37% moisture content) was used to examine the effects of feed rate and screw speed on the specific energy input during single-screw extrusion cooking. Torque, raised by decreasing screw speed or increasing feed rate, was found to be a power law function of the ratio of feed rate to screw speed (Fr/Ss) with r2 > 0.94. Specific mechanical energy (SME) calculated from torque also was a power law function of Fr/Ss with r2 >0.84 and negative power law indices. The SME obtained was in the 225–481 kJ/kg range. Thus the extruder can be considered low shear. Increasing SME raised the die temperature and decreased both intrinsic viscosity and water absorption index (WAI). The degree of gelatinization and intrinsic viscosity of extrudates also were power law functions of Fr/Ss. The intrinsic viscosity correlated well with the degree of gelatinization, WAI, and cooking loss, and appeared to be a good index of the extrudate properties. Different screw profiles also affect torque measurement.