Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene-Enzyme Relationships in the Proline Biosynthetic Pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The PRO], PRO2, and PRO3 genes were isolated by functional complementation of pro], pro2, and pro3 (proline-requiring) strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Independent clones with overlapping inserts were isolated from S. cerevisiae genomic libraries in YEp24 (2,um) and YCp5O (CEN) plasmids. The identity of each gene was determined by gene disruption, and Southern hybridization and genetic analyses confirmed that the bona fide genes had been cloned. Plasmids containing each gene were introduced into known bacterial proline auxotrophs, and the ability to restore proline prototrophy was assessed. Interspecies complementation demonstrated that the S. cerevisiae PRO) gene encoded -y-glutamyl kinase, PRO2 encoded y-glutamyl phosphate reductase, and PRO3 encoded Al-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. The presence of the PRO3 gene on a high-copy-number plasmid in S. cerevisiae caused a 20-fold overproduction of Al-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. The PRO2 gene mapped on chromosome XV tightly linked to cdc66, and the PRO3 gene was located on the right arm of chromosome V between HIS) and the centromere.
Report on guidelines for a conscientious use of SSL luminaires at art expositions

: The report describes research result on works of art lighting, colour perception and fading of dyes used in work of art. An analysis of standard requirements and suggestion for designing lighting installation for museums and exhibitions is proposed. of R&D of EMRP and the the of (EURAMET e.V.). EMRP impact. The goal of the EMRP is to innovation and competitiveness in Europe whilst continuing to provide essential support to underpin the of our
The role of the gut microbiota in the dietary 1 niche expansion of fishing bats 2

Due to its central role in animal nutrition, the gut microbiota is likely a relevant factor shaping dietary 34 niche shifts. We analysed both the impact and contribution of the gut microbiota to the dietary niche 35 expansion of the only four bat species that have incorporated fish into their primarily arthropodophage 36 diet. 38 We first compared the taxonomic and functional features of the gut microbiota of the four piscivorous 39 bats to that of 11 strictly arthropodophagous species using 16S rRNA targeted amplicon sequencing. 40 Second, we increased the resolution of our analyses for one of the piscivorous bat species, namely Myotis 41 capaccinii, and analysed multiple populations combining targeted approaches with shotgun sequencing. 42 To better understand the origin of gut microorganisms, we also analysed the gut microbiota of their fish 43 prey ( Gambusia holbrooki ). Our analyses showed that piscivorous bats carry a characteristic gut 44 microbiota that differs from that of their strict arthropodophagous counterparts, in which the most 45 relevant bacteria have been directly acquired from their fish prey. This characteristic microbiota exhibits 46 enrichment of genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis, as well as complex carbohydrate and lipid 47 metabolism, likely providing their hosts with an enhanced capacity to metabolise the glycosphingolipids 48 and long-chain fatty acids that are particularly abundant in fish. Our results depict the gut microbiota as a relevant element in facilitating the dietary transition from 51 arthropodophagy to piscivory.
Switched-Capacitor-Based Quadruple-Boost Nine-Level Inverter

This letter describes a novel nine-level inverter based on switched capacitors (SCs) with quadruple-boost ability requiring reduced components. The structure of the proposed topology relies on the series/parallel connection of SCs. It consists of 12 switches and two SCs. As opposed to similar SC-based inverters, the proposed topology does not employ a back-end H-bridge and the voltage stress of all the switches does not exceed twice the input dc voltage. A simple logic-gate-based pulsewidth-modulation scheme is developed for gating the switches of the proposed topology. A comprehensive comparison against the state-of-the-art topologies in terms of the required number of components is performed to attest the outperforming merits of the proposed topology. Finally, various experimental results are presented to validate the feasibility and operability of the proposed topology.
Old for

To the Editor—The Clinical Infectious Diseases supplement on the treatment of tuberculosis in children, summarized by Seddon and Makhene [1], is interesting. However, it points out one of the major problems of antibiotic practice in the 21st century, which is the abandonment of old and efficient molecules to the benefit of new molecules with uncertain efficacy. Indeed, for many reasons, the individualization of the field of people treating tuberculosis and their remoteness from people treating leprosy has led to the fact that medicines used for treating leprosy are not, or are rarely, tested and used for tuberculosis. This is illogical as Mycobacterium leprae is the closest pathogen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among antileprosy drugs, 3 are very old and inexpensive and are commonly used in the treatment of leprosy: clofazimine, minocycline, and sulfonamides. The treatment of populations with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis may be very effective when using clofazimine [2]. As a matter of fact, it is efficient in vitro, as confirmed in a meta-analysis [3, 4]. Moreover, clofazimine has shown a great efficacy in vitro in all tested strains [4]. In an experimental model, it is more effective than all current antituberculosis drugs [3]. It will make it possible to shorten the treatment associated with drugs that have a negligible cost. Minocycline is also very efficient in vitro against M. tuberculosis [5], safe, and low-cost. Finally, sulfadiazine is both efficient in vitro and in patients [6]. Using these old molecules will be more useful than developing new molecules, whose cost to society is particularly high. This is particularly true given the prevalence of tuberculosis in the poorest countries. In practice, it is necessary to use the patrimony of old antimicrobial compounds, even in fields in which segregation has eventually led to the thinking that only specific drugs could be effective. Note Potential conflicts of interest. Author certifies no potential conflicts of interest. The author has submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.
Developing assessments for child exposure to intimate partner violence in Switzerland – A study of medico­ legal reports in clinical settings

: Purpose : Evidence to inform assessment of needs of children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) in health settings is limited. A Swiss hospital-based medico-legal consultation for adult victims of violence also detects children’s exposure to IPV and refers cases to the Pediatrics Child Abuse and Neglect Team. Based on a conceptual ecological framework, this study examined the nature and circumstances of children’s exposure to IPV described in accounts collected by nurses in consultations with adult IPV victims. Methods : From 2011-2014, 438 parents (88% female) of 668 children aged 0 to 18 sought medico-legal care from the Violence Medical Unit in Lausanne Switzerland following assaults by intimate partners (85% male). As part of the consultation, nurses completed a semi-structured questionnaire with victimized parents, recording their answers in the patient file. Victims’ statements about the abuse, their personal, family and social contexts, and their children’s exposure to IPV were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic content analyses were conducted to identify, from the victimized parents’ accounts, elements useful to understand the nature and circumstances of children’s exposure and involvement during violent events. Results : Parent statements on specific violent events described children being present in 75% of the cases. Children were said to be exposed to, and responded to, severe physical violence, serious threats and insults, in the context of repeated assaults and coercive control. Families, especially mothers, were often coping with additional socio-economic vulnerabilities. Conclusions : Implications for further developing assessments of children living with IPV, especially in health settings were identified.
The agents in Infective Endocarditis: a systematic review comprising 33,214 cases

Purpose: Infective Endocarditis (IE) incidence remains high with considerable fatality rates; guidelines for 24 prophylaxis against IE are currently under review in some settings which highlights the importance of main- 25 taining up-to-date epidemiological estimates about the most common microbial causes. The objective of this 26 systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, was to identify the most common microbial causes of IE 27 in recent years. 28 Methods: Medline was searched from January 1, 2003 to March 31, 2013 for all articles containing the term 29 “infective endocarditis”. All relevant studies reporting diagnostic results were included. Special patient sub- 30 populations were assessed separately. 31 Results: 105 studies were included, from 36 countries, availing data on a total of 33,214 cases. Staphylo- 32 coccus aureus was found to be the most common microorganism, being the most frequent in 54.3% of stud- 33 ies (N=57) (and in 55.4% of studies using Duke’s criteria for diagnosis (N=51)). Viridans group streptococci 34 (VGS), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Enterococcus spp and Streptococcus bovis were among 35 the most common causes. S. aureus was the most common pathogen in almost all population subgroups, 36 however, this was not the case in patients with implantable devices, prosthetic valves, or immunocompro- 37 mised non-HIV, as well as in the sub-group from Asia, emphasizing that a global one-size-fits-all approach 38 to the management of suspected IE is not appropriate. 39 Conclusions: This review provides an evidence-based map of the most common causative agents of IE, 40 highlighting S. aureus as the leading cause in the 21st century. The changing epidemiology of IE in some 41 patient sub-groups in the last decade and the very high number of microbiologically undiagnosed cases 42 (26.6%) suggest the need to revisit IE prophylaxis and diagnostic strategies.
Differential reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica in watermelon cultivars and cucurbit rootstocks

The suitability of watermelon cultivars and cucurbit rootstocks as hosts to Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica was determined in pot and ﬁeld experiments. Meloidogyne incognita showed higher reproduction than did M. javanica on watermelon and cucurbit rootstocks. The watermelon cultivars did not differ in host status when challenged with these two species and supported lower nematode reproduction than the cucurbit rootstocks. Rootstocks Lagenaria siceraria cv. Pelops and Cucurbita pepo AK15 supported lower reproduction than did the squash hybrid rootstocks ( C. maxima 9 C. moschata ). Egg production increased ( P < 0 (cid:1) 05) with a rising initial inoculum level ( Pi ) in the non-grafted Sugar Baby but the reproduction factor Rf (eggs per plant/ Pi ) was similar at two Pi levels. The total egg production in the plants grafted onto squash hybrids RS841 and Titan was greater ( P < 0 (cid:1) 05) at the higher Pi , but the Rf values were lower. The development of ﬁeld-grown non-grafted watermelon plants was signiﬁcantly stunted in plots where nematodes were detected at planting . However, no differences were observed in plots with grafted plants. In plots with nematodes, non-grafted and Titan-grafted plants had similar yields that were higher than that of RS841-grafted plants. In the commercial plastic houses with grafted watermelon, the average Rf value was 42-fold, conﬁrming the high susceptibility of squash hybrids as rootstocks for grafted watermelon. The Titan – Sugar Baby combination was tolerant to M. javanica. the variances. Data from the pot experiments on host suitabil- ity and grafting were combined because there were no differences ( P < 0 (cid:1) 05) between the repeated experiments. All data were analysed using analysis of variance ( ANOVA ), and, when signiﬁcant, the means were separated by Tukey’s honestly signif-icant difference test ( P < 0 (cid:1) 05). In the host suitability experiment, comparisons were made within watermelon cultivars and cucurbit rootstocks for each RKN isolate. In addition, data were grouped by nematode isolate, and the new set of data was anal- ysed using Student’s t -test ( P < 0 (cid:1) 05). In the experiments on initial inoculum level, comparisons were made within rootstock treatments and inoculum levels. Data from the ﬁeld experiment were compared within plots with M. javanica detected ( Pi > 1) or not detected ( Pi < 1) before planting, and between rootstock treatments.
Boundary integral methods : numerical and mathematical aspects

Time-dependent reaction-diffusion problems and the LTDRM approach A generalized BEM for steady and transient heat conduction in media with spatially varying thermal conductivity Numerical solution of the Helmholtz equation The method of fundamental solutions for potential, Helmholtz and diffusion problems On the stability of piecewise linear wavelet collocation and the solution of the double layer equation over polygonal curves Local theory of projection methods for Cauchy singular equations on an interval Numerical solutions of Hammerstein equations Numerical exploitation of symmetric structures in BEM Some recent developments in the convergence analysis discrete projection methods.
Teaching Social Responsibility in a Circuits Course

anthropology from the University of California at Irvine and an MA in Social Science from the University of Chicago. She is Co-Chair of the Committee for the Anthropology of Science, Technology and Computing in the American Anthropological Association. She studies experts and their work in relation to environments, technolo-gies, and human lives. Her current research projects deal with earthquake risk management technology in Mexico and the United States, environmental data justice in the US/Mexican borderlands, and the development and practice of engineering expertise. Abstract In an entry-level Electrical Circuits course, we designed a series of modules to help engineering students consider the social and ethical implications of electrical engineering. Such implications are particularly evident when we consider the origin of materials that electrical engineers use, the products that they develop, and the lifecycle of those products. Engaging with issues related to social context can seem disconnected from technical course content by both students and faculty because doing so challenges students to engage productively beyond the technical and requires faculty to devote class time to these themes. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of three modules that integrate technical and social content to enhance student learning: one dealing with conflict minerals in capacitors, a second with design considerations for an innovative solar power source for use in developing nations, and a third with recycling of electronics. Modules included student homework, guest lectures, in-class discussions, and student presentations. Students recognized this material as not deviating from the technical content of the class but rather contributing to their efforts to understand the implications of this technical content. We describe sociotechnical learning modules as well as student response to them and lessons learned by the instructors. For example, one student commented, “I thought it was a really interesting topic that has larger social consequences. It was cool to get away from the stigma of engineers only worrying about math and showing that engineering is able to have effect in other disciplines. ” Overall, students felt that these modules enhanced their learning of circuits’ content and was relevant to their training as engineers.
Widening the Gap Between Egoists and Altruists: A Computational Study of Altruistic Choice under Time Pressure

Popular models of altruistic choice typically assume some universal disposition that is curbed by the employment of control. The “self-control model” assumes humans are fundamentally selfinterested and require self-control to overcome their egoistic impulses. Meanwhile, the “socialintuitionist model” posits that humans are intuitively prosocial and self-interests require controlled deliberation. Many studies investigating these theories measure changes in altruistic choice under time pressure, assuming that time pressure reveals our most automatic preferences. However, these studies yield mixed support for both theories and report overwhelming interindividual variability in the effects of time pressure: selfish individuals may become more selfish while generous individuals become more generous. Using novel computational modelling and eye-tracking, we propose a resolution to these conflicting findings. We show that individuals vary widely in their social preferences and that time pressure multiply disrupts choice processes, simultaneously increasing choice errors and interacting with existing preferences and biases to extremify choice behavior.
Some new randomized approximation algorithms

The topic of this thesis is approximation algorithms for optimization versions of NP-complete decision problems. No exact algorithms with sub-exponential running times are known for these problems, and therefore approximation algorithms with polynomial running times are studied. An approximation algorithm does not necessarily nd the optimal solution, but it leaves a guarantee of how far from the optimum the output solution can be in the worst case. This performance guarantee is the measure of quality of an approximation algorithm; it should be as close to 1 as possible. We present new approximation algorithms for several di erent maximization problems. All problems are essentially constraint satisfaction problems: An instance consists of a set of constraints on groups of variables. The objective is to satisfy as many of the constraints as possible. Most results on such problems are for binary variables; we give some results for binary variables and some where the domain is Zp. A common feature of all such problems is that they can be approximated within a constant factor by picking a variable assignment uniformly at random. Until recently, this was the best known approximation algorithm for many constraint satisfaction problems. Algorithms based on semide nite programming were introduced by Goemans and Williamson in 1994, and they revolutionized the eld. We continue this line of research and use semide nite programming combined with randomized rounding schemes to obtain algorithms better than picking a solution at random for several di erent problems: Max Set Splitting, Max 3-Horn Sat, Max E2-Lin mod p, and Max p-Section. When restricted to dense instances, most such problems become easier to approximate. We devise a polynomial time approximation scheme for the family Max Ek-Function Sat mod p of constraint satisfaction problems for which the domain is Zp. We also prove lower bounds on the approximability of Max k-Horn Sat and Max E2-Lin mod p. A lower bound in this context is a proof that it is impossible to approximate a problem within some given performance guarantee unless P = NP.
THE EFFICANCY OF SOME CULTIVARS AND MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS ON GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY AND CONTROL OF ( Spodoptera littoralis ) BOSID ON SWEET POTATO PLANTS.

This study was conducted at Horticulture Research Station of El- Baramon, Dakahlia Governorate in both seasons (2007/2008 and2008/ 2009) to study the effect of six spraying treatments with some aromatic of plant extracts. Namely ethanol extract of Thyme (T 1 ), aqueous extract of Thyme (T 2 ), ethanol extract of Basil (T 3 ), aqueous extract of Basil (T 4 ) , ethanol extract of Lavender (T 5 ), and aqueous extract of Lavender (T 6 ) on the control of Spodoptera littoarlis and plant growth, yield and its component of three sweet potato cultivars "American 93", "Beure Gard" and "Abeese". The activity of some plant extracts against the cotton leaf worm was evaluated and expressed as the reduction in worm infestation by applying three spraying applications with an interval of a month during the two summer seasons of 2008 and 2009. The water extracts of a defected result in both season and the "Abeese" was the lowest infestation. Regarding the effect of cultivars on growth parameters data showed that "Abeese" significantly produced higher leaf area, total and marketable yields, average fresh weight tuber root and tuber dry matter precentage compared with the other two cultivars. While "American 93" exceeded the other two cultivars in number of leaves and branches, main stem length and starch percentage in tuber in both seasons. Data revealed that the canopy dry weight per plant was higher in "Beure Gard" as compared with two cultivars. In general, results indicated that the aqueous extract of basil increased significantly all growth parameters, i, e, leaf area, number of leaves and branches and main stem length, yield and its component (total yield, marketable yield, and average fresh weight of tuber root) and dry matter percentage of tuber root, compared with other treatments applications. In this respect, results showed that "Abeese" plants treated with the aqueous extract of basil gave the highest values in all growth characters, yield and its component and dry matter percentage of tuber root. The combined treatments of cultivars and plant extracts generally were more effective with using the aqueous extract of basil on "Abeese" where this combination showed the highest values of leaf area, yield and its component and tuber root dry matter percentage, while the same extract increased number of leaves per plant, main stem length (cm) and starch percentage when it was used an "American 93" plants. Finely, it is recommended that the "Abeese" plants treated with the aqueous extract Basil produced the highest values of plant growth, yield and its component, dry matter and showed the lowest infestation of Spodoptera litoralis