Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To What Extent Is Manure Produced, Distributed, and Potentially Available for Bioenergy? A Step toward Stimulating Circular Bio-Economy in Poland

Bioenergy production from animal waste can be a key driver to achieving bio-economy goals. Developing a bio-economy sector could help to create opportunities for a circular system where not only people and the planet will be benefited, but it will also provide economic profitability to farmers, especially in the post-Covid period. To this end, manure production, its nutrient content, and bioenergy potential were estimated, along with their spatial distribution in the Lubelskie province, Poland. Farm-level data were processed and aggregated at the municipality level. Material balance equations were used to calculate the theoretical potential of livestock manure and bioenergy for different use scenarios: (1) Baseline (BC): direct manure application to land, which was compared against (2) Anaerobic Digestion (AD): anaerobic digestion to biogas with digestate returned to the fields (3) AD + Separation (AD + Sep): mechanical separation followed by anaerobic digestion, and (4) Surplus + AD: surplus manure (after application to the fields) is sent to anaerobic digestion. Manure, biogas, electricity, and thermal energy production of the AD scenario were estimated to be 7.5 Mt y−1, 378 Mm3 y−1, 907 GWe y−1, and 997.8 GWth y−1, respectively. The scenario, including mechanical separation followed by anaerobic digestion (AD + Sep), contributed to avoiding emissions to the largest extent (1 Mt CO2 eq), whereas AD outperformed the others in avoiding costs of fertilization. According to the estimated potential and the environmental cost-effectiveness of AD, new plants can be established that will recycle manure through bioenergy production, and, subsequently, the digestate can be applied as organic fertilizer, closing the nutrients cycle.
Hand pollination and natural pollination by carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.) in Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg. (yellow passion fruit)

We investigated the fruit set and quality of yellow passion fruit subjected to hand and natural pollination by carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.) in the Philippines. We also recorded the foraging behavior of the bees. A quadrat measuring 6 m x 7 m was marked in a yellow passion fruit plantation for the investigation. Two groups of 20 flowers that had been either hand pollinated or visited by the bees were followed to determine fruit set and quality. The hand pollinated flowers had significantly greater fruit set (15/20 versus 7/20), fruit weight, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, peel weight, number of seeds, and juice yield. Flowers that were self-pollinated by hand produced no fruit. Bee flower visit times and patterns were also investigated. The carpenter bees started visiting the passion fruit flowers from 7:00 AM to 5:00 PM, with peak visitation at 1:00 PM. The greatest mean duration of flower visits was observed at 11:00 AM (304 s), which coincided with the observed peak hour of flower opening. We observed random distances in the flight patterns of the carpenter bees, which was independent of flower distances (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; µ=3.34 < σ2=7.91 vs. µ=2.40 > σ2=1.20). We conclude that passion fruit farmers can utilize supplemental hand pollination to increase yield when the main pollinators such as Xylocopa spp. are not available in sufficient numbers.
Sorghum Bran as a Potential Source of Kafirin

ABSTRACT Sorghum bran, a coproduct of sorghum dry milling, could be a source of protein for industrial applications. Condensed tannin-free red and white sorghum samples were decorticated by abrasion until ≈10 or 25% grain by weight was removed. Kafirin was then extracted from the milling fractions using an aqueous ethanol based solvent system. The brans were darker and considerably higher in protein and fat compared with the whole grain flours and decorticated grain flours, with the 25% bran having higher protein than the 10% bran. This is due to increased contamination of the bran with protein-dense, corneous endosperm. The protein extracted from all the milling fractions, including the brans, was pure kafirin. However, the yield of kafirin from the brans (15.9–26.7% of total protein present) was somewhat lower than that from whole grain and decorticated grain flours (45.0–57.9% of total protein present), due to the fact that kafirin is located solely in the endosperm. Also, the kafirin from bran was mor.
Non-Violent Childhoods : Action Plan for the Prevention of Violence against Children 2020-2025

The objective of the action plan on Non-Violent Childhoods 2020–2025 is to prevent violence against children aged 0–17 in different growth and operating environments. The action plan deals with the rights of the child, inclusion, factors that protect against violence as well as risk factors and their consequences. The aim is to improve the position of the child victim in the current service, care and crime systems, also taking into account those children who are at risk of ending up using or have already used violence. The action plan contains 93 actions and consist of fourteen chapters dealing with the prevention of emotional and physical violence and sexual violence from three different perspectives: prevention, minimising harmful impact and providing treatment, with the main focus on prevention. The plan seeks to take into account issues related to children in particularly vulnerable situations with regard to violence, as well as some topical specific issues. The plan emphasises the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation. A broad group of experts from various organisations, ministries and NGOs wrote the action plan. A steering group nominated by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare is responsible for monitoring and directing the objectives and actions. In 2022, a mid-term review will be carried out concerning the implementation of the action plan's objectives and actions. Publisher Ministry of Social Affairs and Health Distributed by/ publication sales Online version: julkaisut.valtioneuvosto. fi Publication sales: vnjulkaisumyynti.fi
Effect of Weed Management Practices on Economics of Groundnut in Coastal Zone of Karnataka

Aims: To assess efficacy and economic viablity of herbicides on weed management in groundnut under groundnut during rabi-summer season. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Kumta, Uttar Kannada, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka) during rabi 2016-2017. Methodology: The experiment comprised nine treatments are as follows. T1: Unweeded check, T2: Weed free check, T3: Two hand weeding (At 20 and 40 DAS), T4: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha -1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS, T5: oxyfluorfen 23.5% E.C. @ 200 g ha -1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS, T6: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha -1 (PE) fb quizalofop-p-ethyl 5% E.C. @ 50 g ha -1 20-30 DAS (POE), T7: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha -1 (PE) fb imazethapyr 10% S.L. @ 75 g ha -1 2030 DAS (POE), T8: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha -1 (PE) fb oxyfluorfen 23.5% E.C. @ 100 g ha -1 at 20-30 DAS (POE), T9: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.0 kg ha -1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS. Original Research Article Narwal and Yenagi; CJAST, 39(36): 23-28, 2020; Article no.CJAST. 62359 24 Results: Among the weed management practices revealed that, higher cost of cultivation ( 53,340 ha -1 ) under weed free check and pod yield (2255 kg ha -1 ), gross return ( 92,446 ha -1 ), net return ( 45,239 ha -1 ) and benefit cost ratio (1.96) with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha -1 followed by one hand weeding at 25 DAS.
Implications of Value Co-Creation in Green Hotels: The Moderating Effect of Trip Purpose and Generational Cohort

Recently, great interest in value co-creation has been revealed among both academics and practitioners in the hotel sector. However, few studies are analyzing the consequences of co-creation behavior from the customer perspective in “green” (environmentally-friendly) hotels. This study explores the relationships between value co-creation and guest trust, satisfaction, and loyalty in the context of green hotels. Moreover, the role of trip purpose and generational cohort as moderating variables in these relationships is tested. The data are collected through a personal survey from 309 Spanish hotel guests, and the partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) is employed to test the research hypotheses. The results of this study reveal that guest participation in the hotel’s process of value co-creation positively affects guests’ trust, satisfaction, and loyalty. Additionally, both trust and satisfaction are positively linked with customer loyalty. The findings here also suggest that only customers’ age moderates some of the relationships considered (i.e., trust–loyalty and satisfaction–loyalty). To practice, this study provides managerial implications to help hoteliers use value co-creation to develop competitive strategies that will generate more value for tourists due to the positive effects of these strategies on tourist trust, satisfaction, and loyalty.
Directive-Following Based on Graphic Symbol Sentences Involving an Animated Verb Symbol: An Exploratory Study

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate poor comprehension of language at the sentence level in both the spoken modality and the graphic symbol modality. This study explored whether children with ASD are able to follow directives when presented with a graphic symbol sentence that includes an animated symbol for a verb. A total of five participants with moderate-to-severe ASD were presented with 10 graphic symbol sentences and asked to perform the directive using the provided figurines/objects. Results demonstrated that children with ASD can correctly carry out full-sentence directives to varying degrees when the directives represented graphically include an animated verb. Several observations were noted pertaining to participants’ performance and autism severity. The results of this study may have important implications for using animation as a tool to facilitate symbol syntax comprehension.
The effect of soil acidity on potentially mobile phosphorus in a grassland soil

This study compared phosphorus (P) speciation and the relationship between bicarbonate extractable (Olsen) P and 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable P (a measure of potentially mobile P) in soils from plots of the Park Grass experiment started in 1856 at IACR-Rothamsted, UK and with and without nitrogen as (NH4)2SO4 and with and without calcium carbonate (CaCO3, lime). A point, termed the change point, was noted in Olsen P, above which 0.01 M CaCl2-P increased at a greater rate per unit increase in Olsen P than below this point. Previous findings have shown a change point for soils with a pH>5.8 at 56 mg Olsen P/kg and at 120 mg Olsen P/kg for soils below this pH. Soils given (NH4)2SO4 annually since 1856 and with lime periodically since 1903 mostly had a pH between 3.7 to 5.7, some of these (NH4)2SO4 treated soils were limed to pH 6.5 and above from 1965. Irrespective of their pH in 1991/92 all the soils had a similar change point (120 mg Olsen P/kg) to that found for other soils with pH<5.8 (112 mg Olsen P/kg). In a laboratory study lasting 30 days, the addition of CaCO3 to acid soils from the field experiment that had received (NH4)2SO4 had a similar change point to soils with pH<5.8 irrespective of pH, suggesting soil P chemistry was controlled by the long period of soil acidity and this was not reversed by a short period at a higher pH. The effect of pH was attributed to the creation of P sorptive surfaces on aluminium precipitates compared with less acidic soils (pH>5.8) where there was less exchangeable Al to be precipitated. This was confirmed with solid-state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, which indicated that for soils of similar total P concentration and pH, there was twice as much amorphous Al-P in soils given (NH4)2SO4 compared with those without. Changes in pH as a result of applications of (NH4)2SO4 or lime can greatly change the concentration of potentially mobile P due to the effects on Al solubility. Although there was less potentially mobile P in soils with pH<5.8 than in soils above this pH, it is usually advised in temperate regions to maintain soils about pH 6.5 for arable crops.
Keeping Patients Safe: The Critical Role of Medical Error Recovery

Two decades after the Institute of Medicine Report, To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System illuminated the high number of preventable deaths and adverse events associated with health care, medical errors remain a top global concern. To date, resources have been focused on preventing medical errors; however, the importance of error recovery must not be overlooked. Medical errors cannot be fully eliminated from our health care system, yet many errors can be recovered thus preventing patient harm. This chapter will (1) define and describe the error recovery process, (2) discuss the role of health care providers in error recovery, (3) explore strategies that enhance and prohibit error recovery, and (4) analyze characteristics that influence error recovery. Given the importance of patient safety within the health care industry, health care professionals and organizations must focus on both error prevention and error recovery as a key strategy in keeping patients safe.
Effects of soil water potential on the nitrate content and the yield of lettuce

Abstract In order to investigate the effect of soil water tension (SWT) on the nitrate content and yield of lettuce, an experimental field was established on a clay loam soil in Southern Greece. Scheduling irrigation by tensiometers and/or porous blocks, water was applied in each of the four treatments when the SWT reached ‐30, ‐60, or ‐100 kPa, respectively. The fourth treatment was irrigated by using local plant and soil criteria. Lettuce fresh yield was increased as SWT was increased with maximum fresh wt at the SWT of‐30 kPa. The highest water‐use efficiency was obtained at the SWT of ‐100 kPa. The nitrate content in the external leaves was about 3.5 to 4 times higher than the content in the heart leaves of lettuce. Furthermore, the nitrate content from ‐30 to ‐100 kPa treatment was decreased 26% for the external and 23% for the heart leaves in dry matter and 22% and 19% in fresh matter, respectively. The total nitrogen (N) of the external leaves was decreased with decreasing soil water potential and .
Osmo-convective drying of fruits and vegetables: technology and application

ABSTRACT With reference to typical food preservation processes which consist of changing the water binding to material, the technology and application of osmotic dehydration were discussed as an initial treatment before convection drying of fruit and vegetables. Particular attention was paid to the possibilities to produce more shelf-stable food while keeping the high quality of final product. The course of osmotic dehydration of plant tissue as well as its influence on convection drying and on the properties of preserved fruit and vegetables were presented.
Health and Safety Risks to Journalists During Pandemics

Journalists play a critical role in the dissemination of health information to the public. This chapter explores the challenges created by COVID-19 for journalists in Pakistan. It also examines how the pandemic has shed light on the disparities and safety risks in the Pakistani journalism and exposed fault lines in journalism practices in the country. The authors randomly selected 50 profiles of journalists from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and analyzed the publicly available posts they created or shared on their profiles (n= 823). They found that the journalists were mainly concerned about their own well-being and the well-being of their families. They received threats for covering COVID-19 related stories. They were not trained enough to cover a health crisis like COVID-19, and therefore, a majority of the journalists did not follow standard operating procedures outlined by the Government of Pakistan. They suggest that the Government of Pakistan view these journalists as essential workers and frame precautions from healthcare organizations.
Distribution and Mineralization of Biosolids Nitrogen Applied to Dryland Wheat

>The greatest challenge in land application of biosolids (sewage sludge) for beneficial use is predicting N-mineralization rates so that managers can amend the soil with an agronomic rate of material. We used 11 yr of field-study information from biosolids addition to dryland hard-red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Vona' or 'TAM107') to determine not only the distribution of applied N but also to estimate net N mineralization rates. This study is unique since it involves multiple biosolids application in a dryland summer fallow agroecosystem. We applied five or six applications of biosolids from the cities of Littleton and Englewood, CO (LIE) to Weld loam (Aridic Paleustoll) or Platner loam (Abruptic Aridic Paleustoll) at four locations. This paper focuses on the O (control) and the 56- or 67-kg N ha -1 fertilizer rate, and the 6.7 and 26.8 dry Mg biosolids ha -1 rates that we added every crop year. The 6.7 dry Mg biosolids ha -1 treatment resulted in the following average N distributions : 54% soil residual, 9% grain removal, and 38% unaccounted. At the larger application rate of 26.8 dry Mg biosolids ha -1 treatment, we found the following average N distributions : 35% soil residual, 2% grain removal, and 63% unaccounted. We estimated a net mineralization of 25 to 57% and a first-year N net mineralization of 13 to 43% for 6.7 dry Mg ha -1 and a net mineralization of 62 to 78% and a first-year N net mineralization of 41 to 67% for 26.8 dry Mg ha -1 .
Linking bank advertising to customer attitudes: The role of cognitive and affective trust

Article history: Received: August 10, 2020 Received in revised format: November 15 2020 Accepted: November 27, 2020 Available online: November 27, 2020 The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of affective and cognitive trust in bank advertising toward its potential customers. An advertising experiment was conducted by creating two bank advertisements focusing on affective and cognitive trust in bank advertising. SEM analysis is conducted with a sample of 254 customers who banked with the Central Bank of Ghana using STATA 14.1. Results showed that customers of a bank are more drawn to affective advertising than cognitive advertising. Results also showed that cognitive trust is a stronger predictor of anticipation towards future interactions with a bank than affective trust. Uncertainty and commitment had insignificant relationships with affective trust. Cognitive trust had a positive relationship with commitment, while affective trust had no significant relationship with commitment. Managerial implications and future research of the findings are discussed. © 2021 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Factors influencing the value added tax compliance in small and medium enterprises in Jordan

Article history: Received: July 10, 2020 Received in revised format: October 18 2020 Accepted: November 6, 2020 Available online: November 6, 2020 This study aims to obtain the results of value added tax (VAT) compliance through behavioral decision theory with work personal attributes of the taxpayer's, tax understanding and taxpayer education, and ability to pay theory with tax compliance cost and audit system as a connecting variable to VAT compliance. The researcher randomly selected sample of n= 172 small and medium enterprise owners from Jordan by using web-based survey questionnaires. Data analysis uses the SPSS 23.0 and validates the relationship between study variables. The researchers also propose a research model support by the behavior decision theory and the ability to pay approach. Findings reveal a strong positive relationship between personal characteristics, VAT education and tax compliance under both theoretical grounds and also indicate a positive correlation between VAT compliance cost, audit system and VAT compliance in Jordan. Addressing the understudies, this study extends the role of value added tax practices in SMEs. It provides some useful information to the government and policy makers to develop and impose the value added tax law on SMEs Level. Therefore, the researcher suggests more studies to investigate the factors affecting VAT compliance in Jordan by using the proposed conceptual model under consideration. © 2021 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Isolation and characterization of the microbial population of different South African kefir grains

Kefir, a slightly acidic fermented milk, is produced by adding lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, in the form of grains, to milk. The bacteria and yeasts present in the kefir grains are known to vary widely. Selective growth media and morphological and biochemical characteristics were used for the isolation and identification of the microbes present in the grains from eight different sources in South Africa. The kefir grains were activated in milk for only 24 h to prevent any changes in the microbial population of the grains. The microbial numbers varied between 6.4 x 10 4 and 8.5 x 10 8 cfu/g on the media selective for the bacterial species and between 1.5 x 10 5 and 3. 7 x 10 8 cfu/g on the media selective for the yeast species. The bacterial genera that were identified included Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Lactococcus and the yeast genera included Zygosaccharomyces, Candida and Saccharomyces. The distribution frequencies of the microbes in the different grains were determined and most of the grains were dominated by two microbial species. No pediococci, acetic acid bacteria or propionibacteria were detected.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A MODERN LANDFILL LINER SYSTEM IN CONTROLLING GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF AN OPEN HYDROGEOLOGICAL SYSTEM, SE LITHUANIA

The work analyzes data of environmental geological mapping, groundwater monitoring of the region municipal waste landfill. This study examines the effectiveness of a modern landfill liner system in minimizing migration of pollutants in the groundwater of an open hydrogeological system. The results showed that dissolution of carbonates and dilution were the major processes controlling groundwater quality. In the landfill’s direct impact zone, groundwater was only weakly polluted with biogenic components. Increase in concentrations of these chemical components in this zone was related with the groundwater and surface runoff water flowing from adjacent areas. We can state that the modern landfill liner system we analysed is efficient and has no adverse effects on groundwater quality under hydrogeological conditions favourable for the spread of pollutants. However, in case of an accident, pollutants might pose a great threat on the safety of groundwater. Therefore, even modern landfill liner systems are not recommended to be constructed in open hydrogeological systems.