Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Effects of Genotypic and Environmental Variation on Maize Phenology: The Phenology Subroutine of the AgMaize Crop Model

prediction of phenology in terms of maize hybrids (genetics), abiotic factors afecting maize development (environment), and genotype × environment interactions. Future climate change could result in periods with relatively high temperatures, and some have concluded that this warming will result in a reduction of U.S. maize yield (e.g., Schlenker and Roberts, 2009). However, assessment of efects of temperature change on maize yield without a comprehensive under-
Content analysis of Islamic religious education student textbooks and morals for class VIII Islamic junior high school published by the ministry of education and culture revised edition 2017

In an educational process, the use of books is one of the most important elements. Without books, learning becomes unbalanced because there is no reliable reference source. This study focuses on finding out whether the textbook for Islamic Religious Education and Morals for Class VII SMP/MTs is appropriate in terms of content or material content. The type of approach used in this study is a library research approach through the documentation method with the analysis technique being content analysis. Data analysis was carried out systematically and logically starting from reading and analyzing all the data. The results of this study indicate that first, the contents of the textbook material for Islamic Religious Education and Morals for Class VIII SMP/MTs students in terms of the four sub-components of the content feasibility assessment are also suitable for use with details of the percentage of eligibility, namely 100% for the SK and KD conformity sub-components, the development and needs of students, 94.6% for scientific substance and life skills, 87.5% obtained by the insight sub-component to advance and develop and 82.1% for the diversity of social values. Second, the contents of the textbook material for students of Islamic Religious Education and Morals for Class VII SMP/MTs when viewed from the four dimensions, namely the spiritual, social, knowledge and skill dimensions are appropriate for use. The details of the percentage of eligibility obtained are 100% for the spiritual dimension, 100% for the social dimension, 92.90% for the knowledge dimension and 89.90% for the skills dimension. The results of this data analysis can be concluded that the two categories above, namely the four-dimensional elements and four sub-components of content feasibility, have been accurate to be used in assessing the feasibility of the content of textbooks.
Calibration and accuracy assessment in a direct georeferencing system for UAS photogrammetry

ABSTRACT Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) have been already proven to be useful in fields and disciplines such as agriculture, forestry, or environmental mapping, and they have also found application during natural and nuclear disasters. In many cases, the environment is inaccessible or dangerous for a human being, meaning that the widely used technique of aerial imagery georeferencing via ground control points cannot be employed. The present article introduces a custom-built multi-sensor system for direct georeferencing, a concept that enables georeferencing to be performed without an access to the mapping area and ensures centimetre-level object accuracy. The proposed system comprises leading navigation system technologies in the weight category of micro and light UASs. A highly accurate Global Navigation Satellite System receiver integrating the real-time kinematic technology supports an inertial navigation system, where data from various sensors are fused. Special attention is paid to the time synchronization of all sensors, and a method for the field calibration of the system is designed. The multi-sensor system is completely independent of the used UASs. The authors also discuss the verification of the proposed system’s performance on a real mission. To make the results credible, a high number of test points are used, with both direct and indirect georeferencing techniques subjected to comparison, together with different calibration methods. The achieved spatial object accuracy (about 4 cm root mean square error (RMSE)) is sufficient for most applications.
Arabic Speech Recognition: Advancement and Challenges

Speech recognition is a captivating process that revolutionizes human-computer interactions, allowing us to interact and control machines through spoken commands. The foundation of speech recognition lies in understanding a given language’s linguistic and textual characteristics. Although automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems flawlessly convert speech into text for various international languages, their implementation for Arabic remains inadequate. In this research, we diligently explore the current state of Arabic ASR systems and unveil the challenges encountered during their development. We categorize these challenges into two groups: those specific to the Arabic language and those more general. We propose strategies to overcome these obstacles and emphasize the need for ASR architectures tailored to the Arabic language’s unique grammatical and phonetic structure. In addition, we provide a comprehensive and explicit description of various feature extraction methods, language models, and acoustic models utilized in the Arabic ASR system.
Identifying slope processes over time and their imprint in soils of medium‐high mountains of Central Europe (the Karkonosze Mountains, Poland)

Soils in mountainous areas are often polygenetic, developed in slope covers that relate to glacial and periglacial activities of the Pleistocene and Holocene and reflect climatic variations. Landscape development during the Holocene may have been influenced by erosion/solifluction that often started after the Holocene climatic optimum. To trace back soil evolution and its timing, we applied a multi‐methodological approach. This approach helped us to outline scenario of soil transformation. According to our results, some aeolian input must have occurred in the late Pleistocene. During that time and the early Holocene, the soils most likely had features of Cryosols or Leptosols. Physico‐chemical and mineralogical analyses have indicated that the material was denudated (between late Boreal to the Atlantic) from the ridge and upper‐slope positions forming a colluvium at mid‐slope positions. Later, during the Sub‐Boreal, mass wasting of the remains of silt material deposited at the end of the Pleistocene age on the ridge top seems to have occurred. In addition, the cool and moist conditions caused the deposition of a colluvium at the lower‐slope positions. The next phase was characterized by the transformation of Leptosols/Cambisols into Podzols at upper‐slope or shoulder positions and to Albic Cambisols at mid‐slope positions. During the Sub‐Boreal period, Stagnosols started to form at the lower part of the slope catena. Overall, the highest erosion rates were calculated at the upper‐slope position and the lowest rates at mid‐slope sites. Berylium‐10 (10Be) data showed that the Bs, BC/C were covered during the Holocene by a colluvium with a different geological composition which complicated the calculation of erosion or accumulation rates. The interpretation of erosion and accumulation rates in such multi‐layered materials may, therefore, be hampered. However, the multi‐methodological reconstruction we applied shed light on the soil and landscape evolution of the eastern Karkonosze Mountains. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Significance of compositional zoning in cumulate chromites of the Kabanga chonoliths, Tanzania

ABSTRACT Compositional zoning is observed rarely in chrome-spinel grains from slowly-cooled layered intrusions because diffusion of cations continues within the spinel to low temperatures. However, in certain circumstances, such gradational zoning of both divalent and trivalent cations is observed and may be useful in deciphering the thermal history of the host intrusions. The accessory chrome-spinels of the Kabanga mafic-ultramafic chonolith intrusions of the Kibaran igneous event in north western Tanzania are notable because they have preserved gradational compositional zoning. This zoning is demonstrated to predate and be independent of later hydrous alteration of the silicate assemblage. At Kabanga, most chrome-spinel grains within olivine-rich cumulate rocks are gradationally and cryptically zoned from Fe2+-Cr3+ rich cores to more Mg2+-Al3+ rich rims (normal zoning). A few grains are zoned from Mg2+-Al3+ rich cores to more Fe2+-Cr3+ rich rims (reverse zoned). The zoning of divalent cations is proportional to that of trivalent cations with Mg2+ following Al3+ and Fe2+ following Cr3+ from core to rim. The zoning of trivalent and tetravalent cations is interpreted to be caused by either new growth from an evolving melt or peritectic reactions between evolved or contaminated melt and adjacent Al-Cr-bearing ferromagnesian minerals, which is preserved by relatively rapid initial cooling in the small chonolith intrusions. Divalent cation zoning is controlled by sub-solidus exchange of Fe2+ and Mg with adjacent ferromagnesian minerals and continues to lower temperatures, indicated to be 580 to 630°C by the spinel-olivine geothermometer. Preservation of such zoning is more likely in the smaller chonolith intrusions that typically host magmatic nickel-copper sulfide deposits and can be used as an exploration indicator when interpreting chromite compositions in regional heavy indicator mineral surveys.
Mercury in Fish and Human Hair and Estimated Dietary Intake in a Riverside Community of the Madeira River Basin in the Brazilian Amazon

Mercury (Hg) is a chemical element that poses risks to human health due to its high toxicity and environmental persistence. We determined the total Hg (THg) and methyl Hg (MeHg) concentrations in hair samples from residents of the Demarcação District (Porto Velho, Rondônia) in the Brazilian Amazon, as well as in water and fish samples, to evaluate factors influencing human exposure. The average THg concentration in human hair was 7.86 ± 6.78 mg kg−1 and it was significantly higher in men, with an increasing trend related to age. There was no significant difference between female age groups. Human exposure to Hg through water was negligible compared to fish consumption. The average weekly intake estimates in the community varied between 1.54 and 4.62 μg kg−1, substantially higher than the recommended limit. The fish species with the highest amounts safe for daily consumption were herbivores and detritivores. Our results contribute to an understanding of how exposure to Hg affects the health of riverside populations and provide insights for new research to develop methods to mitigate such exposure and thus improve the quality of life of Amazonian people.
Effect of Bonding Force on Stresses in Concrete Slabs

Dowel-jointed concrete pavements often show serious cracks long before their design life expires. The most common forms of cracks are mid-slab transverse cracking and transverse joint damage. Steel dowel bars embedded in transverse joints (for efficient load-transfer from one slab to the next) contribute to both forms of damage. The interfacial friction forces between dowel bars and the surrounding concrete hinder the free axial movement of the slabs as the concrete expands or contracts due to ambient temperature changes. This induces excessive axial dowel-forces that may cause mid-slab transverse cracks. Strong dowel-concrete bonds induce large shear stresses at dowel-concrete interfaces that combine with the dowel-concrete contact stresses (due to traffic loading and slab curling) to induce triaxial state of stress that often results in failure of the concrete that supports the dowels. While dowel-concrete friction forces are the major parameter contributing to such forms of damage, current concrete pavement design procedures are based on the assumption that such forces do not exist. Design specifications state that the steel dowels should be coated with bond-breaking fluid that is assumed to fully eliminate dowel-concrete frictional forces. However, laboratory studies as well as field testing using instrumented dowel bars, indicate that bond-breaking agents such as Tectyl (506) or Silicone are incapable of achieving zero coefficient of friction at dowel concrete interfaces. Lack of measured values of dowel-concrete friction coefficient hinders accounting for dowel-concrete axial forces in the design of dowel jointed concrete pavements. In this report, the dowel-pulling force and the dowel-concrete coefficient of friction were measured using a novel laboratory setup of vibrating wire strain gauges embedded in both the dowel and concrete. The gages are set to measure the shrinkage strain induced in the concrete that surrounds the dowel as it cures causing the solidified concrete to clamp on the steel dowel. The measurements reveal that radial strain in concrete around the dowel is not uniform along the dowel circumference. As the dowel is pulled out of concrete, both the dowel-pulling force and the elastic strain recovery in concrete are recorded versus the dowel displacement. A theoretical model is developed to enable calculation of the dowel-concrete friction coefficient. Three-dimensional finite element analysis is used to estimate the stress field in the concrete surrounding dowel bars. Experiments are conducted to examine the effect of dowel bar diameter and type of bond-breaking agent on the friction coefficient and the magnitude of dowel-pulling force. The results indicate that the use of Silicone as bond-breaker produces lower dowel-concrete coefficient of friction than that obtained using Tectyl (506). The results from finite element analysis indicate that the magnitudes of stresses in concrete surrounding uncoated steel dowels are higher than those obtained if the dowels are coated using bond-breaker.
Effects of light absorber on micro stereolithography parts

This thesis reports the results of an investigation of the effects of adding Tinuvin\(\char{msam10}{0x72}\)327 to PIC-100 acrylate resin on such important parameters as cure depth, critical energy, part density, dimension accuracy and surface quality. Initially, an experimental investigation was carried out to characterise the cure depth of resin after the addition of Tinuvin\(\char{msam10}{0x72}\)327 in five different concentrations using a white light microscope. The investigation has shown that increasing Tinuvin\(\char{msam10}{0x72}\)327 concentration reduces cure depth thickness and increases critical energy; it also found that increasing Tinuvin\(\char{msam10}{0x72}\)327 concentration increased the density of the fabricated parts but significantly reduced the tensile strength. The influence of different concentrations of Tinuvin\(\char{msam10}{0x72}\)327 in PIC-100 acrylate resin on the accuracy of the fabricated parts was investigated, and it was shown that increasing the proportion of Tinuvin\(\char{msam10}{0x72}\)327 from 0.1% to 1% (w/w) caused a significant increase in dimensional . The accuracy of Jacobs’ cure depth model in predicting cure depth after the addition of Tinuvin\(\char{msam10}{0x72}\)327 was investigated by comparing measured cure depth and predicted results using Jacobs’ model. The results show that Jacobs’ model does not keep pace with the changes that occur in the PIC-100 photo polymerisation process with changes in material characteristics due to the addition of Tinuvin\(\char{msam10}{0x72}\)327. Jacobs’ cure model was adapted using two empirically derived constants to accurately predict the cure depth. Finally, a parametric optimisation process was performed using the PARETO multi objective optimisation function of Matlab 2010. For 1% Tinuvin\(\char{msam10}{0x72}\)327 concentration and an irradiation level of 750mW/dm\(^2\), the optimum exposure time was found to be 10 seconds.
Exploring environmental cues to instigate physical movement in the workplace

ABSTRACT Background With the increase of sedentary jobs and the health risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle, finding novel methods to increase physical activity should be a priority. Environmental cues within the workplace can serve as cues to action for initiating light physical activity. Aim To qualitatively explore the environmental cues that can instigate light physical activity within an office workplace context. Identification of these cues can inform behaviour change programmes designed to promote habitual physical movement within the workplace. Method Purposive sampling was used to recruit full-time sedentary office workers who self-report as having a highly sedentary job. Interviews followed a semi-structured design and thematic analysis was used to explore environmental cues within commercial, home, and mixed office settings. Results Forty-three office workers were interviewed, 16 from a commercial office, 12 from a home office, and 15 with a flexible work arrangement whereby they worked from both a commercial and home office. The findings of this study indicate that across all three groups the main instigator of movement was influenced by office layout (e.g. getting up for beverages and taking bathroom breaks), social environment (e.g. informal and formal meetings), and taking active breaks, both job-related (e.g. printing and filing) and non-job-related (e.g. household chores). Conclusions These findings provide valuable insight for behaviour change programmes utilising environmental cues to inform habit-based interventions designed to instigate movement within the workplace.
The CNOC Nan Cuilean Area of the Ben Loyal Igneous Complex

I. Introduction The Ben Loyal Igneous Complex forms an impressive group of mountains situated in northern Sutherland about six miles south of Tongue. The rock types include three distinct varieties of syenites, composing respectively the Ben Loyal range, Cnoc nan Cuilean and Ben Stumanadh, together with related syenites, aplites and pegmatites which constitute numbers of dykes, sheets and veins. The only previous work on this area of which an account has been published was carried out by the officers of the Geological Survey during the mapping of sheets 108 and 114 (Scotland). In the Geological Survey memoir on Central Sutherland (1931, pp. 174—9), H. H. Read gives a brief description of the field occurrence and petrology of the syenites; the rocks are described as unfoliated syenites and nordmarkites and their general petrographic characters are noted. The evident similarity of the Ben Loyal rocks to those of the Loch Ailsh intrusion is demonstrated both mineralogically and with the aid of chemical analyses. For more general references see J. Phemister (1936, p. 57) and E. B. Bailey and 0. Holtedahl (1938, p. 35). During the investigation here recorded, a field study was made of the Cnoc nan Cuilean and the Ben Loyal intrusions, and, for purposes of comparison, several traverses were made over the Ben Stumanadh mass. The primary purpose of this paper is to describe and interpret the petrography of the Cnoc nan Cuilean mass. This intrusion presents features not to be seen in the other two masses, namely, the development
Plasma miR-150-5p in Renal Transplant Recipients with Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection

Background: Rejection continues to be the main cause of renal graft loss. Currently, the gold standard for diagnosis is an allograft biopsy; however, because it is time-consuming, costly, and invasive, the pursuit of novel biomarkers has gained interest. Variation in the expressions of miRNAs is currently considered a probable biomarker for the diagnosis of acute rejection. This study aimed to determine whether miR-150-5p in serum is related to microvascular damage in patients with acute antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). Methods: A total of 27 patients who underwent renal transplantation (RT) with and without ABMR were included in the study. We performed the quantification of hsa-miR-150-5p, hsa-miR-155, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-126, and hsa-miR-1 in plasma by RT-qPCR. The expressions between the groups and their correlations with the histological characteristics of the patients with ABMR were also investigated. Results: miR-150-5p significantly increased in the plasma of patients with rejection (p < 0.05), and the changes in miR-150-5p were directly correlated with microvascular inflammation in the allograft biopsies. Clinical utility was determined by ROC analysis with an area under the curve of 0.873. Conclusions: Our results show that the patients with RT with ABMR exhibited increased expression of miR-150-5p compared to patients without rejection, which could have clinical consequences, as well as probable utility in the diagnosis of ABMR, and bioinformatics may help in unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying ABMR conditions.
Ice Formation in Prunus persica under Field Conditions

Ice formation was initiated between –0.6° and –2.6°C in mature Prunus persica (L.) Batsch trees growing in the field. Trees supercooled very little. Ice formation was initiated at several locations in the tree and subsequently spread throughout. The release of the latent heat of fusion following ice formation in the tissue maintained tissue temperatures 1° to 3° above air temperature for several hours and mitigated the tissue's response to ambient temperatures.
Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Comparison between Selective and Non-selective COX-2 Inhibitors in Mice

Nowadays, there is a need for good and efficacious NSAIDs with minimal side effects to be applied in veterinary medicine. The aim was to compare the pharmacodynamics (analgesia and inhibition of COX-2) and pharmacokinetics between selective (nimesulide) and non-selective (aspirin) COX-2 inhibitors in mice. Assessing the median effective doses by using the up-and-down method, COX-2 activity and plasma concentrations for both nimesulide and aspirin with their pharmacokinetic profiles in mice. The median effective doses (ED50s) of nimesulide and aspirin were found to be 7.9 and 212.23 mg/kg, respectively, using the hot-plate. Both nimesulide (15.8 mg/kg, i.m.) and aspirin (424.5 mg/kg, i.m.) inhibited COX-2 activity through a decrease in COX-2 concentrations in the plasma, liver, and kidney of mice, with superior inhibition when administering nimesulide in comparison to the control (negative and positive) and aspirin-treated groups. Plasma concentrations of nimesulide (15.8 mg/kg, i.m.) measured for different comparable periods of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours were higher than those of aspirin, which were 14.62, 9.22, 9.88, 7.38 and 2.27 µg/ml, respectively, while aspirin (424.5 mg/kg, i.m.) was 4.35, 3.17, 2.54, 2.25 and 1.21 µg/ml, at the same measured times. Nimesulide pharmacokinetic variables were estimated to be AUC0-∞ 169.18, AUMC0-∞ 2358,72, Kel 0.06, Cmax 14.62, Tmax 0.5, t1/2β 11.07, MRT 13.94, Vss 1.49, and Cl 0.09, while aspirin pharmacokinetic parameters differed to be 82.31, 2428.32, 0.03, 4.35, 0.5, 21.25, 158.12, and 5.16, respectively. The study concluded that nimesulide has superior pharmacological properties (analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory) than aspirin due to its ability to inhibit COX-2 more selectively and its unique pharmacokinetics in mice, which may be useful in veterinary medicine.