Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calcium-sensitive receptor expression differs between primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism

Background: Calcium-sensitive receptor (CASR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). The purpose of this study is to examine the protein and gene expression characteristics of CASR in SHPT.Methods: Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to detect and compare the expression of CASR protein and genes in SHPT and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) tissues.Results: CASR protein was down-regulated in SHPT and PHPT compared with normal parathyroid tissues (2.42±0.5 vs. 3.2±0.62, P<0.05; 1.8±0.83 vs. 3.2±0.62, P<0.05). Further, SHPT tissue showed higher expression of both CASR protein (2.42±0.5 vs. 1.8±0.83, P<0.05) and CASR gene (0.29±0.23 vs. 0.01±0.12, P<0.05) than PHPT tissue, respectively.Conclusion: The expression of CASR protein and gene in SHPT is higher than that in PHPT. This feature provides a theoretical basis and further ideas for studying the mechanism of CASR down-regulation.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS SURROUNDING INDONESIAN INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS

One of the ways to find out the performance of company making Initial Public Offering (IPO) is through the financial performance analysis. The analysis would help investors prior to deciding to buy the stocks of the company. Financial ratios are a common tool used in making financial statement analysis. This study aims to analyze whether the companies’ financial performance improves after the IPO. This research is quantitative research using secondary data. The sample consists of 59 companies’ making IPOs on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2014. Results indicate that only Current Ratio increases significantly over three years after the IPO. The other ratios, i.e., Debt to Asset Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Net Profit Margin and Return on Equity decrease. Overall, the financial performance of the companies tends to worsen, except for liquidity ratio.
FISH PASSAGE THROUGH POPLAR GROVE CREEK. FINAL REPORT

This study was conducted in 1985 to investigate the swimming performance of Arctic grayling through a highway culvert in Alaska. An existing culvert at Poplar Grove Creek was used for this project. The culvert is 110 ft. long, 5 ft. in diameter and is inadequate when evaluated for Alaska Department of Fish and Game fish passage criteria. The drainage area experienced a 20 year flood during the study period. Excessive pipe velocities, as high as 12 fps, prevented fish from passing the culvert for 8 days. A visual technique to observe tagged fish was used to monitor fish migration through the pipe when abnormally high velocities receded. Some 70% of the fish passed at velocities of 7.3 fps and 95% passed at velocities of 6.9 fps. The present design criteria for allowable maximum flowrate for a culvert of this size is 1.8 fps. A cost analysis of a proposed headwall and culvert installation 10 ft. in diameter and 50 ft. long, designed to replace the existing pipe, showed a 20 fold increase in cost. Fish passage observations at this site indicate that the design criteria requiring such a large replacement culvert are excessively conservative. Recommendations for improved design criteria are included with this report.
An Electromagnetic Interrogation Technique Utilizing Pressure-dependent Polarization

RAYE, JULIE KNOWLES. An electromagnetic interrogation technique utilizing pressure-dependent polarization. (Under the direction of H. T. Banks.) This dissertation focuses on an interrogation technique that uses traveling acoustic wavefronts as a virtual reflector for an oncoming electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic interrogation techniques in general have the potential for wide applicability in practical problems and this technique in particular enjoys that potential. We begin by developing a viable model for pressure-dependent orientational (Debye) polarization. We then incorporate it into a one-dimensional Maxwell system to describe the electromagnetic/acoustic interaction. This system may be generalized to include a wider class of electromagnetic behavior; we establish well-posedness, enhanced regularity, and convergence results for this general system. Under the framework provided by the mathematical theory, we obtain computational results for sample forward and inverse problems relating to the interrogation technique. Our numerical algorithms for the forward problem involve finite difference approximations in time and finite element approximations with piecewise linear basis elements in space. Solving the inverse problem entails least squares minimization using a gradient-free Nelder Mead optimization routine. Finally, as a first step in developing a model in which the pressure wave may be modulated by the electromagnetic wave (unlike the one-way coupling in the model presented here), we consider the system describing an acoustic wave propagating through a layered medium. We derive a weak formulation for this system and present computational findings. AN ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERROGATION TECHNIQUE UTILIZING PRESSURE-DEPENDENT POLARIZATION by Julie Knowles Raye a thesis submitted to the graduate faculty of north carolina state university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy
Variation of the concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere and rainwater quality during precipitation at an urban site of southeast Korea

<p>This study investigated the wet deposition of particulate matter (PM) for six precipitation events at Daeyeon dong, Busan, South Korea, from February 2020 to July 2020. The concentration of PM<sub>10</sub> in the atmosphere was steadily measured before and after the precipitation. Rainwater samples were collected every 50 mL of each precipitation event using rainwater collecting devices and rainwater qualities (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water-soluble ions (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, etc.) were analyzed. For heavy rain events with strong rainfall intensities (>7.5 mm/h), the average PM<sub>10</sub> reduction efficiency reached more than 68%. For the relatively weak (<5 mm/h) rainfall intensities, the PM<sub>10</sub> reduction efficiencies were less than 40%. In all rainfall events, the average rainwater pH gradually increased over time from 4.3 to 5.0, while the average EC decreased from 81.9 to 12.1 &#181;S/cm. The concentrations of all ions in the rainwater samples gradually decreased during precipitation. For heavy rain events, the acidity, EC, and concentrations of total water-soluble ions of initial rainwater samples were higher than those of later samples. This result indicates that the concentration of PM<sub>10</sub> in the atmosphere was reduced by wet deposition. </p>
Measuring technological through patents and innovation surveys

This article provides an overview of recent research using innovation surveys and patent data as indicators of technological activity. The conceptual and methodological problems of 'measuring' technology are discussed, with a classification of the types of information which can be drawn from patent databases and from surveys of both innovations and the innovative efforts of firms. The findings and the methodological strengths and weaknesses of such studies are reviewed, considering first the evidence at the firm level, second the analysis of the industrial structure and finally the evidence at the countr3' level and the process of globalization. The overview shows that rich and important evidence on the technological activities of firms is offered by these indicators. A summary of new departures for research based on innovation and patent data concludes the paper. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
A Space-Time Flow Optimization Model for Neighborhood Evacuation

Abstract : We model the evacuation of vehicles in a residential neighborhood using a space-time network flow representation. Our model solves for "best case" evacuation routes and clearing times, as could be identified and implemented by a central authority. Our models are large but can be solved efficiently and quickly. By solving many model excursions for different input parameters, we can assess the importance of different model features, as well as evaluate evacuation behavior for a variety of what-if scenarios. We apply this model to the Mission Canyon neighborhood near Santa Barbara, California, and contrast our results to a previous simulation-based study.
PREVALENCE OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS AMONG BOY STUDENTS IN WESTERN IRAN; HIGH RATE OF ASTIGMATISM

Purpose: to determine out how common refractive errors are among elementary school boys in Asadabad, Iran. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 1053 students were chosen using a multi-staged cluster sampling method. The examinations included UCVA, optimal VA, cycloplegic refraction, Cover test and ophthalmoscopy. Based on cycloplegic spherical equivalent refractive error hyperopia defined as +2.00 diopter or more, myopia as -0.50 diopter or worse and Astigmatism is defined as a cylinder that is equal to or worse than -0.50 diopter. Results: of the 1053 participants, information was gathered of 1027 students. Participants were 9.52±1.63 years old on average. Uncorrected and optimum visual acuity of 20/40 or lower were found in 16.5 percent and 1.2 percent of the population, respectively. The prevalence of Hyperopia, Myopia and Astigmatism were 5.6%, 6.5% and 18.9% respectively. Conclusion: This region had a high prevalence of refractive error, particularly astigmatism. Therefore, it is needed to attention paid to identifying and correcting these refractive errors by health system, especially for this age group.
Strategies for combining antithetic variates and control variates in designed simulation experiments

In this paper we examine three methods for combining the variance reduction techniques of antithetic variates and control variates to estimate the mean response in a designed simulation experiment. In Combined Method I, we perform h independent pairs of simulation runs as follows-on the second run of each such pair, we use random number streams that are antithetic complementary to the streams used on the first run of the pair to drive the non-control-variate components of the simulation model; and we use independent random number streams to drive the control-variate components of the simulation model. In Combined Method II, we also perform h independent pairs of runs; but on each pair of runs we use independent random number streams to drive the non-control-variate model components, and we use antithetic random number streams to drive the control-variate components. In Combined Method III, all of the random number streams driving the second run of each pair of runs are antithetic to the streams driving the first run of the pair. For each of these three methods we drive the variance of the resulting estimator of the mean response to make a theoretical comparison of the efficiency of each method. We implemented these three methods, along with the classical method of control variates, in a simulation model of a resource-constrained activity network to show how each combined method is implemented in practice and to evaluate the performance of each combined method experimentally. The results indicate that: a Combined Method III outperformed all other methods, and b the effectiveness of Combined Method III as well as the choice of whether to use Combined Method I or Combined Method II depends on the degree of correlation between the control variates and the response.
An investigation of the static force balance of a model railgun

Abstract : An interesting debate in railgun research circles is the location, magnitude, and cause of recoil forces, equal and opposite to the launched projectile. The various claims do not appear to be supported by direct experimental observation. The goal of this research paper is to develop an experiment to observe the balance of forces in a model railgun in a static state. By mechanically isolating the electrically coupled components of such a model it has been possible to record the reaction force on the rails and compare that force with the theoretical force on a projectile. The research is ongoing but we have observed that the magnitude of the force on the armature is at least seventy times greater than any predicted equal and opposite reaction force on the rails.
Investigations of the T-burner and its role in combustion instability studies

Of several devices introduced to study combustion instability in solid rocket propellants, one, known as the "T-burner," has become the most widely used. With this device the response of a burning propellant to a small pressure disturbance can be measured. Such information is vital both to the understanding of unsteady combustion processes as well as to the assessment of the stability characteristics of solid rocket motors. Although the T-burner has been used for several years, several questions concerning the device have arisen and, for the most part, have remained unanswered. Moreover, little effort has been given toward showing the relevance of T-burner data to predictions of instability in rocket motors. The present investigations, comprising over 400 test firings in T-burners of various lengths and diameters, were undertaken with the major objective of gaining a better understanding of the T-burner itself in order to answer some of these unresolved questions. Another objective was to compare T-burner predictions of rocket motor instability with actual observations made in a previous study. Among the investigations was a comparison of several ignition procedures which showed clearly that a poor, uneven ignition can seriously affect the test results. Included among the ignition studies were tests conducted in transparent chambers to permit high-speed motion photography of the firings. These tests confirmed the common assumption that the T-burner is basically a one-dimensional device. Tests using burners of different diameters showed that although the acoustic losses of the T-burner are nearly independent of diameter, the limiting amplitude of the oscillations is strongly dependent on the latter. The dilemma raised by these observations was resolved by measurements which indicate that the heat transfer from the combustion gases to the burner wall is strongly dependent on the amplitude of the waves. From these measurements emerged a nonlinear description of the damping in the T-burner which accounts for both the behavior of the losses as well as that of the limiting amplitude. When two independent T-burner methods were compared, the results obtained were initially in very poor agreement. However, when the T-burner losses were assumed to be non-linear as mentioned earlier, excellent agreement was observed. Finally, the T-burner predictions of instability in rocket motors were in rather poor agreement with direct observations made in a previous study. Although this lack of agreement is not understood, it is doubtful in the light of the present investigations that the major error lies in the T-burner measurements, for these should be relatively accurate. Moreover, these results indicate the need for more comparisons of this type in order to determine the usefulness of the T-burner in predicting combustion instability in solid propellant rockets.
Computational Modelling tools for the promotion of Design for Deconstruction

This Master’s thesis is focused on the ambiguous topic concept of Designing for Deconstruction and its application within the construction industry. The aim of the research is to investigate the feasibility of the concept by pointing out the main topics of interest that could influence its overall performance and propose a strategy that will assess the environmental and financial performance of the concept when applied on a new design. The strategy will also propose a scheme for utilization of the concept for managerial purposes. Furthermore, the main objective is to implement the proposed strategy into a computational modeling toolbox based on the principals of parametric and associative design. The toolbox will provide assessment of the various factors which could affect the early design stage of a project, aligning with the main requirement of Designing for Deconstruction that is to be applied in this preliminary stage of a design process. The toolbox is developed to fit the modeling platform Rhino3D (McNeel) through Grasshopper3D.
Training, Developing, and Assessing Cross-Cultural Competence in Military Personnel

Abstract : This report provides information and recommendations regarding how the Army might train, develop and assess cross-cultural competence of Soldiers. Findings are presented in four main sections. The first section discusses the importance of cross-cultural competence to mission accomplishment and describes two facets of cross-cultural competence: cultural learning and cultural agility. Next, methods for developing and sustaining these facets are provided. These methods include an overall learning system that blurs the lines between operational and institutional learning experiences, as well as more specific techniques and practices for cultural learning and cultural agility. The third section discusses the importance of assessing cross-cultural competence and addresses the questions of who and what should be assessed and how assessments might be conducted. The final section of the report summarizes recommendations regarding training, development, and assessment and highlights key resource needs, anticipated challenges, and next steps.
Quantitative Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals Promoting Mitochondrial Interconnectivity Protects against AKI

Visual Abstract Key Points • Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) imaging reveals kidney tubule cell mitochondria form continuous networks in healthy mouse and human tissue, which break down with injury. • SIM imaging can be applied to various organelles and structures, including autophagosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, brush border, and cell morphology. • Promoting mitochondrial fusion maintains mitochondrial interconnectivity and ameliorates cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Background The root of many kidney diseases in humans can be traced to alterations or damage to subcellular organelles. Mitochondrial fragmentation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and lysosomal inhibition, among others, ultimately contribute to kidney injury and are the target of therapeutics in development. Although recent technological advancements allow for the understanding of disease states at the cellular level, investigating changes in subcellular organelles from kidney tissue remains challenging. Methods Using structured illumination microscopy, we imaged mitochondria and other organelles from paraffin sections of mouse tissue and human kidney biopsy specimens. The resulting images were 3D rendered to quantify mitochondrial size, content, and morphology. Results were compared with those from transmission electron microscopy and segmentation. Results Super-resolution imaging reveals kidney tubular epithelial cell mitochondria in rodent and human kidney tissue form large, interconnected networks under basal conditions, which are fragmented with injury. This approach can be expanded to other organelles and cellular structures including autophagosomes, ER, brush border, and cell morphology. We find that, during unilateral ischemia, mitochondrial fragmentation occurs in most tubule cells and they remain fragmented for >96 hours. Promoting mitochondrial fusion with the fusion promotor M1 preserves mitochondrial morphology and interconnectivity and protects against cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Conclusions We provide, for the first time, a nonbiased, semiautomated approach for quantification of the 3D morphology of mitochondria in kidney tissue. Maintaining mitochondrial interconnectivity and morphology protects against kidney injury. Super-resolution imaging has the potential to both drive discovery of novel pathobiologic mechanisms in kidney tissue and broaden the diagnoses that can be made on human biopsy specimens.
Linguistic Approaches for Early Measurement of Functional Size from Software Requirements

The importance of early effort estimation, resource allocation and overall quality control in a software project has led the industry to formulate several functional size measurement (FSM) methods that are based on the knowledge gathered from software requirements documents. The main objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive methodology to facilitate and automate early measurement of a software's functional size from its requirements document written in unrestricted natural language. For the purpose of this research, we have chosen to use the FSM method developed by the Common Software Measurement International Consortium (COSMIC) and adopted as an international standard by the International Standardization Organization (ISO). This thesis presents a methodology to measure the COSMIC size objectively from various textual forms of functional requirements and also builds conceptual measurement models to establish traceability links between the output measurements and the input requirements. Our research investigates the feasibility of automating every major phase of this methodology with natural language processing and machine learning approaches. The thesis provides a step-by-step validation and demonstration of the implementation of this innovative methodology. It describes the details of empirical experiments conducted to validate the methodology with practical samples of textual requirements collected from both the industry and academia. Analysis of the results show that each phase of our methodology can successfully be automated and, in most cases, leads to an accurate measurement of functional size.
Non-linear Finite Element Analysis for Practical Application

Despite the availability of sophisticated non-linear finite element (FE) analysis software, linearelastic analysis is still the standard tool to model the response of reinforced concrete structures in practice. To allow for more frequent applications of non-linear FE analysis in practice, computationally fast, simple and reliable methods are needed. For non-linear FE analysis this article gives an overview and evaluation of ideals, approaches and methods, which are especially suited to application in practice. This includes simplified element formulations, non-linear constitutive formulations on the sectional and element level, and ways to treat numerous load combinations with non-linear FE analysis.