Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Directed Diffusion: Features, Current Developments, Issues and Analysis

ABSTRACT Directed diffusion (DD) is typical data-centric protocol for wireless sensor networks, all nodes in a directed diffusion based network are application-aware, and this enables diffusion to achieve energy savings by selecting empirically good paths and by caching and processing data in-network But at the beginning of routing being established, interest must be flooded throughout the network, Directed Diffusion Protocol (DDP) which could meet the features of WSN, such as data-oriented, many-to-one transmissions and low energy costs, together with data aggregation mechanisms which emphasized on cascading timeouts, to eliminate the redundancy caused by the transmission of large amounts of data. This paper presents the description of DD protocol and current developments including the view for which one is best. Keywords:- Directed Diffusion, WSN Protocols 1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, wireless sensor networks have attracted more and more related researchers for its advantages. Sensor nodes are usually low-power and non-rechargeable. The integrity of the original networks will be destroyed and other nodes will have more business burden for data transmission if the energy of some certain nodes deplete. The key issue of sensor network research is to balance the energy consumption of all sensor nodes and to minimize the impact of random failure of sensor nodes or random attacks to sensor nodes on the entire network. A number of routing protocols have been proposed for sensor networks [1]. Directed Diffusion [2] is one of the energy efficient routing protocols that have been proposed. The directed diffusion algorithm does not use any mechanism to protect the nodes from outsider attacks. This paper presents a brief work which had done in the Directed Diffusion protocol and it also conclude which approach is better as per the requirement of applications.
Neogene Foraminifera of the Limon Basin of Costa Rica.

The distribution of foraminifera in the Uscari, Rio Banano, Moin Formations of the Limon Basin, Costa Rica, is the subject of this study. Heterosteai na anti Ilea and Leoi docvcli na (L.) wavlandvaughani place the basal Uscari Formation of Quebrada Terciopelo in Zone N3 of the latest Oligocene. The overlap of Orbuli na uni versa and Globorotali a fohsi peri oheroronda places the type section Uscari Formation in the early Middle Miocene (zones N9 to NIO). The overlapping ranges of planktonic foraminifera and the ostracods Radimel1 a ovata in the sandstones places that unit in Zone NIB of Early Pliocene. G1oborotali a truncatu1i noi des excel sa indicates a Pleistocene age for the Moin
DTMBIO 2013: international workshop on data and text mining in biomedical informatics

The organizers of ACM Seventh International Workshop on Data and Text Mining in Biomedical Informatics (DTMBIO 13) are pleased to announce that the seventh DTMBIO will be held in conjunction with CIKM, one of the largest data management conferences. The major interests of DTMBIO are on the state-of-the-art applications of data and text mining on biomedical research problems. DTMBIO 13 will be a forum of discussing and exchanging informatics related techniques and problems in the context of biomedical research.
Identification of a reticuloendothelial stimulating agent in zymosan.

The functional activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), as determined by the intravascular clearance of colloidal carbon, and the degree of induced RE hyperplasia were studied following the intravenous injection of various constituents of zymosan. The readily extractable lipid component from the yeast cell wall was inactive, as was the polysaccharide, mannan. Stimulatory activity was still present in the zymosan residue after removal of free and bound lipids. The administration of glucan derived either from yeast, or its cell wall, resulted in marked RE activation and induced hyperplasia, demonstrating it to be the active RE stimulating agent. The relationship of glucan's chemical structure to its ability to induce RE hyperfunction and hyperplasia is discussed.
THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SALMO LETNICA SMOLT

Abstract Salmo letnica, is one of the most important species of the Lake Ohrid. It is a freshwater fish that lives in cold and rich in oxygen water. Based on its biological and economic importance since 1935 in Macedonia and in Albania since 1995, there have been applied techniques of artificial fertilization and cultivation of S.letnica. Despite adjusting the physical parameters of the water, these fishes show stress in artificial growth environment, which is associated with reduction of their biomass and in many cases even death. There are also private economies to deal with the growth and development of S.letnica for marketing effect. Use of different food regimes has influenced in different amounts of biomass in the same age fish. Through this study we want to show the importance of environmental conditions and nutrition in the growth rates which are reflected in the productivity and the healthy life of this fish.
RDOTE - Transforming Relational Databases into Semantic Web Data

During the last decade, there has been intense research and development in creating methodologies and tools able to map Relational Databases with the Resource Description Framework. Although some systems have gained wider acceptance in the Semantic Web community, they either require users to learn a declarative language for encoding mappings, or have limited expressivity. Thereupon we present RDOTE, a framework for easily transporting data residing in Relational Databases into the Semantic Web. RDOTE is available under GNU/GPL license and provides friendly graphical interfaces, as well as enough expressivity for creating custom RDF dumps.
The repeated evolution of large seeds on islands

Several plant traits are known to evolve in predictable ways on islands. For example, herbaceous species often evolve to become woody and species frequently evolve larger leaves, regardless of growth form. However, our understanding of how seed sizes might evolve on islands lags far behind other plant traits. Here, we conduct the first test for macroevolutionary patterns of seed size on islands. We tested for differences in seed size between 40 island–mainland taxonomic pairings from four island groups surrounding New Zealand. Seed size data were collected in the field and then augmented by published seed descriptions to produce a more comprehensive dataset. Seed sizes of insular plants were consistently larger than mainland relatives, even after accounting for differences in growth form, dispersal mode and evolutionary history. Selection may favour seed size increases on islands to reduce dispersibility, as long-distance dispersal may result in propagule mortality at sea. Alternatively, larger seeds tend to generate larger seedlings, which are more likely to establish and outcompete neighbours. Our results indicate there is a general tendency for the evolution of large seeds on islands, but the mechanisms responsible for this evolutionary pathway have yet to be fully resolved.
Preferences using Answer Sets

We introduce the semantics for preference logic programs. These programs are in terms of preference rules. Apreference rule allows us to specify preferences as an ordering among the possible solutions of a problem. Moreover, our approach permits expressing preferences and desires for general theories.We useAnswer Set Programming as the formalism to develop our work.
Metabolism of Low-Dose Inorganic Arsenic in a Central European Population: Influence of Sex and Genetic Polymorphisms

Background There is a wide variation in susceptibility to health effects of arsenic, which, in part, may be due to differences in arsenic metabolism. Arsenic is metabolized by reduction and methylation reactions, catalyzed by reductases and methyltransferases. Objectives Our goal in this study was to elucidate the influence of various demographic and genetic factors on the metabolism of arsenic. Methods We studied 415 individuals from Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia by measuring arsenic metabolites in urine using liquid chromatography with hydride generation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-HG-ICPMS). We performed genotyping of arsenic (+III) methyltransferase (AS3MT), glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1), and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Results The results show that the M287T (T→C) polymorphism in the AS3MT gene, the A222V (C→T) polymorphism in the MTHFR gene, body mass index, and sex are major factors that influence arsenic metabolism in this population, with a median of 8.0 μg/L arsenic in urine. Females < 60 years of age had, in general, higher methylation efficiency than males, indicating an influence of sex steroids. That might also explain the observed better methylation in overweight or obese women, compared with normal weight men. The influence of the M287T (T→C) polymorphism in the AS3MT gene on the methylation capacity was much more pronounced in men than in women. Conclusions The factors investigated explained almost 20% of the variation seen in the metabolism of arsenic among men and only around 4% of the variation among women. The rest of the variation is probably explained by other methyltransferases backing up the methylation of arsenic.
Collective Motion, Sensor Networks, and Ocean Sampling The goal is design and control of optimum trajectories for mobile sensor networks, like a fleet of self-directed underwater gliders that move with ocean currents and sample dynamic ocean variables.

This paper addresses the design of mobile sensor networks for optimal data collection. The development is strongly motivated by the application to adaptive ocean sampling for an autonomous ocean observing and prediction system. A performance metric, used to derive optimal paths for the network of mobile sensors, defines the optimal data set as one which minimizes error in a model estimate of the sampled field. Feedback control laws are presented that stably coordi- nate sensors on structured tracks that have been optimized over a minimal set of parameters. Optimal, closed-loop solu- tions are computed in a number of low-dimensional cases to illustrate the methodology. Robustness of the performance to the influence of a steady flow field on relatively slow-moving mobile sensors is also explored.
A visual-based research on static gesture recognition

Now vision-based gesture recognition plays an important role in the fields of image processing, pattern recognition and so on. Human being hands are highly variable organs and hand features are affected easily by various environmental factors. Considering the characteristics of hand gesture, in this paper we proposes an improved YCbCr color space method to segment gesture images, and extracts Fourier descriptors and Hu moment as recognition features. Finally, the Hausdorff distance is applied to recognize the gestures by the method of model matching. Experimental results show that the proposed method has higher operation and recognition rates.
Stabilised Soil Layers Enhancing Performance of Transverse-Loaded Flexible Piles on Lightly Bonded Residual Soils

A set of crosswise-loaded flexible piles was tested in binder stabilised top sand layers embedded in lightly bonded residual soil. Slope indicators were used to measure horizontal displacements in free-headed flexible piles during all loading stages. The geometry of the cement stabilised top sand layer surrounding the piles varied from about 2 to 4 times the pile diameter and 0.1 to 0.3 times the pile length. Experimental outcomes present an important enhancement in the performance of the flexible piles under transverse load when a cement stabilised sand layer replaces top residual soil, increasing bearing capacity and reducing maximum horizontal displacements at any given working load. At large horizontal displacements (close to failure), a linear relation is observed between the lateral load and the total lateral area compressing the natural soil around the pile. This evidence helps identifying the pile-soil interaction mechanism and provides sound normalization for test results, both considered necessary steps towards the development of a design concept for predicting lateral pile response.
Impact of body mass index on the psychopathological profile of obese women.

OBJECTIVE Obesity is a complex condition associated with a host of medical disorders. One common assumption is that obesity is also related to psychological and emotional complications. However, some studies have shown that obesity itself does not appear to be systematically associated with psychopathological outcomes.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact that the various degrees of obesity have on the psychopathological profile of obese patients. METHOD The study sample consisted of 217 women classified as obese (body mass index > 30 kg/m(2)) who sought medical treatment for weight loss and were consecutively invited to participate in the study. Anthropometric data were registered for all participants. Psychiatric evaluations were performed using the Beck Depression Inventory and Symptom Checklist-90. Multiple regression analysis was used in order to determine whether any of the studied variables (age, level of education, Beck Depression Inventory score and body mass index) were independently correlated with the score on the different subscales of the Symptom Checklist-90. RESULTS Only body mass index was found to correlate significantly with the score on the somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90 (r = 0.148, p = 0.035). This correlation remained significant after multiple regression analysis (p = 0.03). No correlation was found between body mass index and the score on any of the other subscales. CONCLUSION The degree of obesity did not correlate with any of the psychological profiles commonly described in the medical literature, including depression and anxiety. The correlation between obesity and somatization, although weak, might simply be related to an overlapping of symptoms.
X-Score: Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation Grammaticality

In this paper we report an experiment of an automated metric used to analyse the grammaticality of machine translation output. The approach (Rajman, Hartley, 2001) is based on the distribution of the linguistic information within a translated text, which is supposed similar between a learning corpus and the translation. This method is quite inexpensive, since it does not need any reference translation. First we describe the experimental method and the different tests we used. Then we show the promising results we obtained on the CESTA data, and how they correlate well with human judgments.
Social Media Monitoring of the Campaigns for the 2013 German Bundestag Elections on Facebook and Twitter

As more and more people use social media to communicate their view and perception of elections, researchers have increasingly been collecting and analyzing data from social media platforms. Our research focuses on social media communication related to the 2013 election of the German parliament [translation: Bundestagswahl 2013]. We constructed several social media datasets using data from Facebook and Twitter. First, we identified the most relevant candidates (n=2,346) and checked whether they maintained social media accounts. The Facebook data was collected in November 2013 for the period of January 2009 to October 2013. On Facebook we identified 1,408 Facebook walls containing approximately 469,000 posts. Twitter data was collected between June and December 2013 finishing with the constitution of the government. On Twitter we identified 1,009 candidates and 76 other agents, for example, journalists. We estimated the number of relevant tweets to exceed eight million for the period from July 27 to September 27 alone. In this document we summarize past research in the literature, discuss possibilities for research with our data set, explain the data collection procedures, and provide a description of the data and a discussion of issues for archiving and dissemination of social media data.
Lipid Profiling Demonstrates That Suppressing Arabidopsis Phospholipase Dδ Retards ABA-Promoted Leaf Senescence by Attenuating Lipid Degradation

Senescence is the last phase of the plant life cycle and has an important role in plant development. Degradation of membrane lipids is an essential process during leaf senescence. Several studies have reported fundamental changes in membrane lipids and phospholipase D (PLD) activity as leaves senesce. Suppression of phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) retards abscisic acid (ABA)-promoted senescence. However, given the absence of studies that have profiled changes in the compositions of membrane lipid molecules during leaf senescence, there is no direct evidence that PLD affects lipid composition during the process. Here, we show that application of n-butanol, an inhibitor of PLD, and N-Acylethanolamine (NAE) 12∶0, a specific inhibitor of PLDα1, retarded ABA-promoted senescence to different extents. Furthermore, phospholipase Dδ (PLDδ) was induced in leaves treated with ABA, and suppression of PLDδ retarded ABA-promoted senescence in Arabidopsis. Lipid profiling revealed that detachment-induced senescence had different effects on plastidic and extraplastidic lipids. The accelerated degradation of plastidic lipids during ABA-induced senescence in wild-type plants was attenuated in PLDδ-knockout (PLDδ-KO) plants. Dramatic increases in phosphatidic acid (PA) and decreases in phosphatidylcholine (PC) during ABA-induced senescence were also suppressed in PLDδ-KO plants. Our results suggest that PLDδ-mediated hydrolysis of PC to PA plays a positive role in ABA-promoted senescence. The attenuation of PA formation resulting from suppression of PLDδ blocks the degradation of membrane lipids, which retards ABA-promoted senescence.
The effects of custom tray material on the accuracy of master casts.

AIM In addition to the impression material, the type of impression tray influences the accurate dimensional transfer of the size and position of the teeth to the master cast. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of master casts produced from an alginate impression material using a visible-light-curing resin and autopolymerizing polymethyl methacrylate resin custom tray materials. METHODS AND MATERIALS Two types of custom trays were fabricated from a stainless steel master model with three index studs. Twenty-two irreversible hydrocolloid impressions were made of the master model and then poured with a Type III dental stone. The distances between the reproduced index studs were measured to +/- 0.01 mm with a digital caliper. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and T-test were used for data analysis. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two tray materials for any of the three distances. There were no statistical differences between the master model and the casts made from the two tray materials in the length dimension, but there were significant differences in the vertical dimension. In terms of the width dimension there was a significant difference only between the cold curing group and the master model. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the dimensions of stone casts poured from an impression made using a light-cured tray did not differ significantly from those created from impressions made using autopolymerizing acrylic trays. However, working dies from the light-curing tray impressions were more accurate buccolingually than those from the autopolymerizing acrylic trays. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The accuracy of master cast reproduction using visible-light-curing resin or an autopolymerizing polymethyl methacrylate resin custom tray material is acceptable. Although autopolymerizing resin materials require less equipment and are relatively more inexpensive, light-cure tray materials may be the material of choice for custom tray fabrication due to greater accuracy in the buccolingual dimension.
The leader-following rendezvous with connectivity preservation via a self-tuning adaptive distributed observer

This paper studies the leader-following rendezvous with connectivity preservation problem for multiple double integrator systems subject to external disturbances via a self-tuning adaptive distributed observer approach. This approach offers two advantages over the existing approach. First, it removes the existing assumption that all the followers know the system matrix of the leader system. Second, the difficult task of calculating the observer gain is avoided by the employment of the dynamic observer gain.
Quantitative viscoelastic parameters measured by harmonic motion imaging

Quantifying the mechanical properties of soft tissues remains a challenging objective in the field of elasticity imaging. In this work, we propose an ultrasound-based method for quantitatively estimating viscoelastic properties, using the amplitude-modulated harmonic motion imaging (HMI) technique. In HMI, an oscillating acoustic radiation force is generated inside the medium by using focused ultrasound and the resulting displacements are measured using an imaging transducer. The proposed approach is a two-step method that uses both the properties of the propagating shear wave and the phase shift between the applied stress and the measured strain in order to infer to the shear storage (G′) and shear loss modulus (G″), which refer to the underlying tissue elasticity and viscosity, respectively. The proposed method was first evaluated on numerical phantoms generated by finite-element simulations, where a very good agreement was found between the input and the measured values of G′ and G″. Experiments were then performed on three soft tissue-mimicking gel phantoms. HMI measurements were compared to rotational rheometry (dynamic mechanical analysis), and very good agreement was found at the only overlapping frequency (10 Hz) in the estimate of the shear storage modulus G′ (14% relative error, averaged p-value of 0.34), whereas poorer agreement was found in G″ (55% relative error, averaged p-value of 0.0007), most likely due to the significantly lower values of G″ of the gel phantoms, posing thus a greater challenge in the sensitivity of the method. Nevertheless, this work proposes an original model-independent ultrasound-based elasticity imaging method that allows for direct, quantitative estimation of tissue viscoelastic properties, together with a validation against mechanical testing.
Influence of water content on Geotechnical Properties of Deccan Basalt, Maharashtra, India

A number of civil projects are coming up in the hilly areas of the Maharashtra state, which gets adversely affected in the rainy season as document by the cases of slope failures, land subsidence etc. The present study on geotechnical properties of Deccan Basalt from Mahabaleshawar area, Maharashtra were studied to analyze the effect of moisture content. The important geotechnical parameters like, uniaxial compressive strength, point load strength, tensile strength, cohesion and angle of internal friction have been studied experimentally as well as the results have been analyzed numerically for verification of the same.
Discovery of Characteristic Patterns from Transactions with Their Classes

This paper deals with transactions with their classes. The classes represent the difference of conditions in the data collection. This paper redefines two kinds of supports: characteristic support and possible support. The former one is based on specific classes assigned to specific patterns. The latter one is based on the minimum class in the classes. This paper proposes a new method that efficiently discovers patterns whose characteristic supports are larger than or equal to the predefined minimum support by using their possible supports. Also, this paper verifies the effect of the method through numerical experiments based on the data registered in the UCI machine learning repository and the RFID (radio frequency identification) data collected from two apparel shops.