Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitigating Imbalanced Classification Problems in Academic Performance with Resampling Methods

—The imbalanced dataset is a common problem in the educational performance environment, where the number of students with poor performance is much less than those who perform well. This can create problems when predicting academic performance using machine learning algorithms, which assume that the datasets have a balanced distribution across all classes. We compared three resampling methods: SMOTE, Borderline SMOTE, and ADASYN, and used five different classifiers (Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Decision Tree) on three imbalanced educational datasets. We used five-fold cross-validation to assess two performance indicators: accuracy and recall. Although accuracy indicates the overall performance, we focus more on recall values because it is more incumbent to identify poor-performing students so that necessary interventions can be executed promptly. Our results showed that when resampling improved recall values, ADASYN outperforms SMOTE and Borderline SMOTE consistently, better classifying the poor-performing students. Overall, our results suggest that resampling methods can be effective in addressing the problem of imbalanced classification in academic performance. However, the choice of resampling method should be carefully considered, as the performance of different methods can vary depending on the classifier used.
The response of mesospheric NO to geomagnetic forcing in 2002–2012 as seen by SCIAMACHY

Daily NO number density, retrieved from measurements of the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) from 2002 to 2012 for polar summer in the mesosphere, is used to investigate the response of NO to geomagnetic activity, as expressed by the auroral electrojet (AE) index. Applying the superposed epoch analysis, we observe a clear response of NO to strong geomagnetic forcing at geomagnetic latitudes 55–75°N/S and altitudes above 66 km. The 27 day solar rotation cycle is observed, indicating that some of the observed geomagnetic events are related to solar coronal holes. We find a linear relationship between anomalies of AE and NO at geomagnetic latitudes 55–70°N/S and 70–74 km altitude. A clear auroral oval‐like structure is observed on days of strong geomagnetic forcing in both hemispheres, with small longitudinal inhomogeneities, which might be related to the South Atlantic Anomaly or the magnetic local time. The NO lifetime and production rate per AE anomaly has been derived from a least squares fit to the observations. Comparisons of results from a simple model using this empirical NO production and a lifetime varying from 1.2 days in summer to 10 days in winter to SCIAMACHY observations show good agreement. In particular, the strength and interannual variability of the wintertime maximum is well captured. This suggests that direct production of NO in the upper mesosphere above 72 km contributes substantially to the so‐called energetic particle precipitation indirect effect.
History of Volcanic Activity, Magma Evolution and Eruptive Mechanisms of the Changbai Volcanic Province

Volcanic rocks cover large area of the Changbai Mountain Range, Northeast China. As the largest Quaternary volcanic province in China, the Changbaishan volcanic province can be divided into four parts, including the Tianchi volcanic province (TVP), the Wangtian,e volcanic province (WVP), the Longang volcanic provicne (LVP) and the Tumen River volcanic province (TRVP). Volcanic activity in TRVP and WVP began in Pliocene, dominated in Pliocene-Mid-Pleistocene (5.5 ～0.19 Ma) and Pliocene-Early-Pleistocene (4.77 ～2.12 Ma), respectively. TVP four volcanic provinces are different. In TRPV, it is tholeiite from flood eruption; while in TVP, WVP and LVP, the and LVP activated in Quaternary, from Early-Pleistocene to Holocene. The volcanic activities and products in these volcanic eruptions formed lava shields of potassic trachybasalt in the early stage, and then different magma evolution paths occurred. In TVP and WVP, potassic trachyebasalt emplaced into the crustal chamber, stored and experienced strong fractional crystallization. The evolved magma was mainly alkaline rhyolitic and pantelleritic, highly enriched in silicon, alkalies and volatiles. Its eruptions formed two huge stratovolcanoes. Activity of the potassic trachybasalt beneath the TVP controlled two kinds of eruptions: the millennium eruption of Tiachi Volcano, which was triggered by refluxing of the mantle trachybasalt magma to the crustal chamber and subsequent magma mixing; and the centric eruption of the potassic trachybasalt, which formed the big cone of Tianchi Volcano and many other small cones in the vicinity. In the LVP, on the lava shield occurred over 160 volcanic cones, The rock type of these eruptions was sources were mixtures of asthenosphere and enriched lithospheric mantle. As to the LVP, the volcanics were unique potassic trachybasalt. Geochemical data of trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes indicate that the mantle dominated by depleted mantle of asthenosphere, and with less entertainment of enriched lithosphere. After the late Pliocene, geodynamics of the Changbai Mountain Range was controlled by the subduction of the western Pacific Plate and the extension of the Northeastern Asian back arc. In this special active continental margin, large scale of potassic trachybasalt activity occurred again.
El Niño and La Niña sea surface temperature anomalies: Asymmetry characteristics associated with their wind stress anomalies

[1] The asymmetric nature of El Nino and La Nina sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is investigated by the use of National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis data and various ocean and atmosphere models. It is demonstrated that the relatively weak SST anomalies during La Nina compared with those of El Nino are related to the westward shift of wind stress anomalies by 10°–15°. The asymmetric characteristics of atmospheric responses are confirmed by the general circulation model experiments with the two different SST anomalies, which have equal amplitude but are of opposite sign from each other. The experiments with an intermediate ocean model and a hybrid coupled model clearly show that the SST anomalies over the equatorial Pacific become weaker as the zonal wind stress shifts to the west. Not only the amplitude but also the oscillation timescale of the SST anomaly is shown to be sensitive to the location of wind stress anomalies. The duration of La Nina, which is rather shorter than that of El Nino, is also related to the longitudinal displacement of the wind stress anomaly.
Promoting Educational Outcomes Through Openness to Diversity: An Exploration of Sport and Physical Activity

Research in higher education has emphasized the importance of diversity by demonstrating that students’ exposure to diversity can support positive academic outcomes. Still, little attention has focused on the role of sport and recreation in promoting students’ inclusive thought patterns. This study analyzed the influence of sport spectatorship, physical activity participation, and team identification on college students’ (N=140) openness to diversity and academic outcomes. The results indicated that sport and recreational activity had a significant negative effect on students’ openness to diversity (β = -.20, p .05). Additionally, team identification was shown to have a significant negative effect on students’ academic outcomes (β = -.25, p .01). This study strived to provide insight into diversity efforts, demonstrating that sport and physical activity may serve as tools to assist in fostering inclusive excellence.
Seasonal variation of yield, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Teucrium polium L. essential oil growing in the south of Algeria

Abstract Essential oils (EOs) have been recognized as potential secondary products of aromatic plants that are environmentally friendly while performing a variety of biological properties. In this research, the essential oil of aerial parts Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae), collected in winter and autumn in the south of Algeria was characterized in order to better understand differences in yield, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. Seasonal changes have been recorded in the yield and composition of T. polium L. essential oil with a percentage of 0.20% (v/w) in autumn and a highest yield 0.42% (v/w) in winter. The autumn samples contained β-pinene (23.97%) and γ-muurolene (17.7%) as the major compounds while the winter samples contained mainly camphor (22.09%) and eucalyptol (13.70%). Six different bacteria strains consisting of three Gram positive, three Gram negative bacteria and nine toxigenic fungal strains were used for antimicrobial activity. A concentration of 10 μl/ml (v/v) of both seasons essential oils inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the other bacterial strains, the winter essential oil was more active than the autumn one with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 5 μl/ml and 10 μl/ml respectively. The essential oils from autumn and winter seasons inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 20 μl/ml. These essential oils exhibited fungicidal activity at the minimal fungicidal concentrations of 20 μl/ml for some strains, while the other strains showed no fungicidal effect (>20 μl/ml). Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum were inhibited from a concentration of 10 μl/ml (v/v), whereas A. flavus and Penicillium glabrum were sensitive at a minimal fungicidal concentration of 20 μl/ml. Overall, essential oils obtained in winter show more effective antifungal activity than autumn essential oil against the majority of fungal strains.
Relationship Between Social Media Consumption Depression and Loneliness During COVID-19 Era

The function of Pakistani media regarding the COVID-19 has undergone through the deceptive process. The broadcasts are often devoid of medical experts involving politicians and journalists to talk on COVID-19 forums. This is a quantitative survey research which has been designed to investigate the relationship between social media consumption depression and loneliness among the citizens of Lahore city who use social media was the population of this study. Empirical data has been collected though purposive sampling technique from 500 respondents from Lahore city of Pakistan. Descriptive and inferential analysis has been carried out by using SPSS=23. From the finding of the empirical data it has been depicted that people use social media to get updates about the latest situation and be connected with friends. Today social media is playing a key role for social activities. Data reveals a significant relationship between social media consumption and awareness about Covid-19 and proposed preventive measures. Alongside, a significant relationship has also been unveiled between of social media usage and level of depression and loneliness among the targeted respondents of this study.
Beryllium‐boron and aluminum‐magnesium chronology of calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions in CV chondrites

Abstract— We have made Be‐B measurements in six calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions (CAIs) (mostly type B inclusions) from CV chondrites and compared them to Al‐Mg measurements. All CAIs show 10B excesses in melilite that are correlated with Be/B ratios. The initial 10Be/9Be ratio inferred from the correlation line is 6.2 times 10−4. In contrast to the Be‐B system in melilite, the Al‐Mg system in anorthite is disturbed. This is probably due to B diffusion in melilite being slow compared with Mg diffusion in anorthite. This suggests that Be‐B chronology may be useful for measuring time differences of high‐temperature (melting, condensation, etc.) events in the early solar system.
Endoluminal Procedures and Devices for Esophageal Tract Investigation: A Critical Review

Diseases of the esophageal tract represent a heterogeneous class of pathological conditions for which diagnostic paradigms continue to emerge. In the last few decades, innovative diagnostic devices have been developed, and several attempts have been made to advance and standardize diagnostic algorithms to be compliant with medical procedures. To the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive review of the procedures and available technologies to investigate the esophageal tract was missing in the literature. Therefore, the proposed review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of available endoluminal technologies and procedures to investigate esophagus health conditions. The proposed systematic review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies have been divided into categories based on the type of evaluation and measurement that the investigated technology provides. In detail, three main categories have been identified, i.e., endoluminal technologies for the (i) morphological, (ii) bio-mechanical, and (iii) electro-chemical evaluation of the esophagus.
Geochronology,geochemistry and tectonic significances of the Yamansubei pluton in eastern Tianshan,Northwest China

The Yamansubei granite pluton (YB) is situated in the Late paleozioic Qoltag orogenic belt,eastern Tianshan,Northwest China. Petrographically,the pluton is a K-feldspar granite,which is composed of quartz (25% ～ 40%),perthite (40% ～ 70%), plagioclase (10% ～ 25%,An = 18 ～ 30) and biotite (2% ～ 5%). Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating shows that the YB pluton intruded at 227. 9 ± 0. 47Ma of Middle Triassic. Geochemically,the pluton is characterized by high silicon (SiO2 = 74. 27% ～ 75. 99%), alkali (ALK = 7. 64% ～ 8. 29%),potassium (K2O = 4. 37% ～ 4. 79%) and metaluminous,whereas low titanium,calcium,iron and magnesium,which attributes to high K calc-alkaline granite. The pluton is also rich in LILE (K,Rb,Cs etc.),HFSE (Th,U,Zr, Hf etc.) and depleted in Ba,Sr,Nb,Ta and Y. Chondrite-normalised REE distribution pattern for the YB pluton displays right skewed shapes with slightly negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0. 48 ～ 0. 86) ,indicating fractionation of LREE,and fractionation between LREE and HREE. Zircon in-situ Hf isotopic composition analysis yields the eHf(t) and t DM2 values of the YB pluton varying +8. 60 ～ +11. 31 and 538 ～ 711Ma,respectively. Integrated studies in petrography,geochemistry and Hf isotope and regional tectonic evolution indicate that the YB pluton resulted from mantle magma underpalting induced partial melting of the Neoproterozoic new-born lower crust. After comprehensive study on previous contributions,this paper suggests that the geodynamic source for Indosinian magmatism in eastern Tianshan could attribute to the influence of the Paleo-Tethys ocean tectonic regime.
Efficacy of plant growth promoting microbes in inducing systemic resistance to root rot and physiochemical properties of tomato fruit

Tomato production and quality are of great economic importance, but farmers face significant losses due to root rot infection, which affects tomato yield. Globally, a wide range of chemical pesticides are used to control plant diseases that have an impact on the environmental and nutritional content of the crop. In this scenario, plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) are safe and effective substitutes for the control of root infections. In this study, we have investigated the effect of different plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) on the suppression of root rot disease in tomato plants. In field plot experiments, conducted in the season I and repeated in season II, the application of PGPMs improved the systemic resistance of plants against root rot pathogens via improving the functioning of antioxidant molecules. They considerably reduced the infection caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium oxysporum compared to untreated control plants . Isolates of PGPMs significantly ( p<0.05 ) enhanced the amount of total phenol, and salicylic acid with an improvement in crop yield and quality of fruit (dry matter, soluble solids, fruit acidity, and lycopene content). In season I, Penicillium (Pen1-R) whereas in season II, Trichoderma (ET-6) treated plants produced the highest quality of tomato fruit with better plant growth and suppression of root rot disease. In both seasons, Penicillium and Trichoderma were found to be effective as compared to untreated control plants and plants treated with carbendazim, a commercial fungicide. This research will help to make an impact on the production of tomatoes in a sustainable way.
Analysis of Radiolarian Fossil Assemblages Using "Model of Steady Faunal Change"

一般に放散虫化石群集は数十種から数百種という多くの種で構成されている．連続層序断面における複数層準からの産出データに基づいて，各種のレンジを見積もることができる．中位層準から見つからず，下位や上位からは見つかる種があった場合，その種は中位層準に存在していたが，見つからない補間種とみなされる．それゆえ，中位層準の種数は実際の検出種数に補間種数を加えたものとなる．しかし，最下位や最上位の層準の種数は実際の検出種数にとどまる．群集変遷を論じるにあたってはこの中位層準における「みかけ上の効果」を考慮することが必要である． 本研究では「定常的群集変遷モデル」を次の条件で作成した：セクションを通じて，各層準の構成種数，出現率・絶滅率，検出率が一定，層準間隔が時間的に一定であるとする．このモデルを使うと，任意の層準での種数を見積もることが可能となる．実際のデータとモデルを比較することで絶滅や出現パターンを比較することができ，ペルム紀新世およびジュラ紀中世のサンプルにおいての議論を行った．ペルム紀新世を通じて放散虫類は一定の繁栄をしているようにみえ，ペルム紀末に向かっての減少傾向は検出されない．ジュラ紀中世においては，放散虫の出現率は増加するようにみえる．
Price Competition and Market Concentration : An Experimental Study *

The classical price competition model (named after Bertrand), prescribes that in equilibrium prices are equal to marginal costs. Moreover, prices do not depend on the number of competitors. Since this outcome is not in line with real-life observations, it is known as the “Bertrand Paradox”. Many theoretical problems with the original model have been considered as an explanation of the paradox in the literature. In this paper we experimentally investigate a model which is immune to the theoretical critique of the original model. We find, nevertheless, that the outcome does depend on the number of competitors: the Bertrand solution does not predict well when the number of competitors is two, but after some opportunities for learning are provided it tends to predict well when the number of competitors is three or four. A bounded rationality explanation of this is suggested. * We wish to thank Eric van Damme and Georg Kirchsteiger for many helpful comments and suggestions. This paper was conceived while both authors were at the CentER for Economic Research at Tilburg University. We thank CentER for its hospitality and financial support. ** Department of Economics, Uppsala University, Sweden. E-mail: martin.dufwenberg@nek.uu. se *** Department of Economics, University of Haifa, Israel. E-mail: gneezy@econ.haifa. ac.il (corresponding author)
Pullout Resistance Increase of Soil Nailing Induced by Pressurized Grouting

AbstractPressurized grouting has been frequently adopted in soil-nailing systems that are widely used to improve slope stability. In most geotechnical applications, soil nailing using pressurized grouting has been empirically performed without theoretical validation because the interaction between the pressurized grout and adjacent soil mass is very complicated. The present paper deals with a series of pilot-scale chamber tests performed on four different granite residual soils to evaluate the effect of pressurized grouting on the soil-nailing system. When grout is injected into a cylindrical cavity in the soil mass, the pressure exerted around the cavity perimeter initially increases with time up to a peak value and then gradually decreases to a residual stress. The pressure reduction may result from the seepage of water originally retained in the grout paste into the adjacent soil formation. With the application of pressurized grouting, in situ stresses can be increased by approximately 20% of the injec.
Quantifying the Contribution of Salinity Effect to the Seasonal Variability of the Makassar Strait Throughflow

The Makassar Strait throughflow (MST) constitutes a significant component of the Indonesian throughflow (ITF) and plays a pivotal role in the interbasin exchange between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. While previous studies have suggested that the buoyancy forcing plays a role in influencing the seasonality of the MST, the quantitative contribution of salinity effect on MST seasonality remains unclear. Here we use the measurements from the Monitoring ITF program and the Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis product to investigate the seasonality of MST and quantify the impact of the salinity effect. We find that the halosteric variability due to the salinity effect contributes to approximately (69.6 ± 11.7) % of the total seasonal variability of surface dynamic height gradient along the Makassar Strait, and dominates the seasonality of the upper layer MST. The primary drivers for freshwater forcing are horizontal advection through the Karimata Strait and precipitation in the Java Sea.
Rural Poverty and Sustainability: The Case of Groundwater Depletion in Iran

The agricultural sector is the largest water user in the world and especially in Asia. Agriculture plays a basic role in Iranis national economy and it consumes about 93.5% of the total national water resource. Iran is a water scarce country and it has been confronted with drought disaster in many parts in recent years. Since the link between poverty and environmental degradation is rather complicated, it should be investigated based on the level, distribution and type of poverty, the type of environmental problem and the conditioning variables. Such a link has been seen when environmental degradation is related to rural householdsi livelihood, directly and when based on rural quality of life as the best index for rural poverty, in this research. The main objectives of this study were investigation of poverty and groundwater depletion relationship; take those regions confronted with groundwater depletion and compare water use productivity of farmers who live in such regions with those who live in regions with no groundwater depletion to improve the understanding of potential links. The research was conducted according to a theoretical framework. Research findings revealed that farmers who live in regions confronted with groundwater depletion have been entered in a dangerous competition with others to consume their groundwater resources, with such competition being the main reason for their water use productivity descending, severely. Poorer farmers were the loser of such competition. A conceptual model was derived from research findings. Several applicable recommendations have been presented at the end of the article.
Longevity of Anterior Composite Restorations for Localized Tooth Wear: A Scoping Review

(1) Objective: This scoping review evaluates composite restorations as a treatment modality for anterior tooth surface loss and investigates the longevity of the direct and indirect composites used herein. (2) Method: The search encompassed Medline, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and hand search utilizing the PICO framework. (3) Results: Eight studies were included in this review, comprising one randomized controlled trial, one retrospective, and six prospective studies. Some studies reported favorable outcomes for composite restorations in anterior teeth. Although not statistically significant, evidence supported the anterior composite as a viable short- to medium-term solution for managing tooth wear. Direct resin composites were deemed clinically and cost-effective when managing localized anterior tooth wear. However, limitations and inconsistencies in this scoping review limited definitive clinical recommendations. (4) Conclusions: Further research, including well-managed randomized controlled trials using standardized protocols and longer follow-up periods, is essential to reconfirm the long-term efficacies of anterior composite restorations when managing tooth wear. A robust research design and exacting protocols could facilitate more meaningful clinical conclusions.