Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of a small loss or gain in the periodic NLS anomalous wave dynamics

The focusing Nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation is the simplest universal model describing the modulation instability (MI) of quasi monochromatic waves in weakly nonlinear media, and MI is considered the main physical mechanism for the appearence of anomalous (rogue) waves (AWs) in nature. Using the finite gap method, two of us (PGG and PMS) have recently solved, to leading order and in terms of elementary functions of the initial data, the NLS Cauchy problem for generic periodic initial perturbations of the unstable background solution of NLS (what we call the Cauchy problem of the AWs), in the case of a finite number of unstable modes. In this paper, concentrating on the simplest case of a single unstable mode, we study the periodic Cauchy problem of the AWs for the NLS equation perturbed by a linear loss or gain term. Using the finite gap method and the theory of perturbations of soliton PDEs, we construct the proper analytic model describing quantitatively how the solution evolves, after a suitable transient, into slowly varying lower dimensional patterns 1 ar X iv :1 91 0. 13 17 6v 1 [ nl in . S I] 2 9 O ct 2 01 9 (attractors) in the (x, t) plane, characterized by ∆X = L/2 in the case of loss, and by ∆X = 0 in the case of gain, where ∆X is the x-shift of the position of the AW during the recurrence, and L is the period. This process is described, to leading order, in terms of elementary functions of the initial data. Since dissipation can hardly be avoided in all natural phenomena involving AWs, and since a small dissipation induces O(1) effects on the periodic AW dynamics, generating the slowly varying loss/gain attractors analytically described in this paper, we expect that these attractors, together with their generalizations corresponding to more unstable modes, will play a basic role in the theory of periodic AWs in nature.
Il‐1β‐induced post‐transition effect of NF‐kappaB provides time‐dependent wave of signals for initial phase of intrapostatic inflammation

Our previous findings have shown that systemic administration of interleukin (IL)‐1β induces up‐regulation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) in mouse prostate tissue that may be responsible for leukocyte extravasation into prostate stroma. It has been hypothesized that NF‐κB plays a role in the development of prostatitis, and that NF‐κB activation might provide chemoattractive signals for leukocyte extravasation in the prostate.
Motives for Labeobarbus Fish Species Migration to Gumara River, Lake Tana, Ethiopia

The flocks of endemic fish species in Lake Tana, i.e., Labeobarbus species ( L. intermiduis , L. tsanansis , L. brevicifaleus , L. acutirostris and others) migrate for spawning during the rainy season (peak from August to September) to the rivers that flow into Lake Tana. These migrations make them vulnerable for aggregated fishery. The Gumara River is one of the tributaries that flow into Lake Tana where the Labeobarbus fish species migration is predominant. A study was conducted to determine the factors that trigger Labeobarbus migration to Gumara River from January 2001 to November 2001. The objectives of the study were: to determine the factors that stimulate the migration of the Labeobarbus fish species to the Gumara River mouth and upstream and based on that to recommend protective measures. Fish and environmental data were collected at two sites, i.e., at the River mouth and upstream of Gumara. Data were analyzed using simple statistical models. Amount of rainfall and level of the lake appeared to trigger upstream migration of Labeobarbus . To protect the breeding population of migrating Labeobarbus , fishing must be prohibited from July-October at the river mouths, rivers and their tributaries. Keywords: Labeobarbus species; fish migration; spawning population; environmental factors, management
Branding Post-Communist Nations : Marketizing National Identities in the “New” Europe

List of Figures Preface Part I: Promises and Problems of Post-communist Nation Branding 1: Nation Branding in Post-communist Europe: Identities, Markets, and Democracy, Nadia Kaneva 2: Systemic Propaganda and State Branding in Post-Soviet Eastern Europe, Gerald Sussman 3: Brand Interrupted: The Impact of Alternative Narrators on Nation Branding in the Former Second World, Robert A. Saunders Part II: Agents, Institutions, Practices 4: Redesigning a Nation: Welcome to E-stonia, 2001-2018, Sue Curry Jansen 5: Who Can Play this Game? The Rise of Nation Branding in Bulgaria, 2001-2005, Nadia Kaneva 6: Towards Corpo-nationalism: Poland as a Brand, Pawel Surowiec Part III. Representations, Mediations, Narrations 7: Branding Slovenia: "You Can't Spell Slovenia Without Love. ", Zala Volcic 8: Vampire Branding: Romania's Dark Destinations, Alice Bardan and Aniko Imre 9: One Nation, One Brand? Nation Branding and Identity Reconstruction in Post-communist Hungary, Laszlo Kulcsar & Young-ok Yum 10: The Musical (Re)branding of Serbia: Srbija Sounds Global, Guca, and EXIT, Branislava (Brana) Mijatovic Contributors Index
Components Sigma B Regulon in Listeria monocytogenes That Contribute to Acid and Salt Tolerance

Sigma B ( (cid:1) B ) is an alternative sigma factor that controls the transcriptional response to stress in Listeria monocytogenes and is also known to play a role in the virulence of this human pathogen. In the present study we investigated the impact of a sigB deletion on the proteome of L. monocytogenes grown in a chemically deﬁned medium both in the presence and in the absence of osmotic stress (0.5 M NaCl). Two new phenotypes associated with the sigB deletion were identiﬁed using this medium. (i) Unexpectedly, the strain with the (cid:2) sigB deletion was found to grow faster than the parent strain in the growth medium, but only when 0.5 M NaCl was present. This phenomenon was independent of the carbon source provided in the medium. (ii) The (cid:2) sigB mutant was found to have unusual Gram staining properties compared to the parent, suggesting that (cid:1) B contributes to the maintenance of an intact cell wall. A proteomic analysis was performed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, using cells growing in the exponential and stationary phases. Overall, Caco-2 loss of Lmo2748 the cell wall in the (cid:2) sigB mutant. two new phenotypes loss clear roles for B in both and low-pH stress and identiﬁed speciﬁc components of the (cid:1) B regulon that contribute to the responses observed.
Why did they kill?: Cambodia in the shadow of genocide

Between seizing power in April 1975 and being overthrown in January 1979, the Democratic Kampuchea regime of the Khmer Rouge killed over one and a half million people, ranging from ethnic minorities to Cambodians, whether because of associations with the corrupt previous regime or because their suspect revolutionary fervour caused them to be labelled as ‘microbes’ infecting the body politic. The brutality of the Khmer Rouge’s killing machine was self-destructive, for, by the time the Vietnamese army invaded in late 1978, not only had the regime slaughtered so many of its skilled people that it was unable to mobilise competently against invasion, but it had so alienated its people that they were prepared to accept the incursion of Cambodia’s traditional enemy rather than suffer any continuation of Pol Pot’s rule. In describing how this mass murder (rightly described as ‘genocide’) occurred, Alexander Hinton provides horrific, yet necessary descriptions of the ways in which brutality, torture, and murder became dominant motifs in the Khmer Rouge’s attempts to harness revolutionary fervour to purify their world once and for all of ‘corrupting’ influences and thereby bring about a utopian rural society. Hinton argues that genocidal regimes ‘‘make their lethal ideologies effective and reasonable to people’’ (29) through blending the new (i.e. new and revolutionary ideologies promising utopian visions or new vistas) with the old (i.e. cultural practices, beliefs, and traditions that are grounded within the specific cultures into which new ideologies are transplanted). Thus, he persuasively demonstrates, ideologies—whether the Khmer Rouge’s particular blend of extremist, utopian Marxist-Leninism and Maoism or the Nazis’ Aryanism— have to be localised and made meaningful within the framework of local cultural discourse in order to function and be operable. Hinton’s clear grasp of the basic tenets and foundations of Cambodian culture, language, social relations, and religion enables him to show this process in action in Cambodia and he provides a compelling case of not just why the regime itself, from its detached heights obsessed with maintaining the purity of a continuing revolution aimed at eradicating all trace of urban, bourgeois, and ‘feudal’ influence, embraced an escalating tide of violence, but why ‘ordinary’ people—the foot soldiers of the
Domain Soal PISA untuk Literasi Matematika

Abstrak PISA ( Program for International Student Assessment) melaksanakan asesmen tiga tahunan untuk mengetahui literasi siswa dalam membaca, matematika, dan sains. Literasi (melek) matematika merupakan kemampuan seseorang individu merumuskan, menggunakan, dan menafsirkan matematika dalam berbagai konteks. Termasuk didalamnya bernalar secara matematis dan menggunakan konsep, prosedur, fakta dan alat matematika untuk menjelaskan serta memprediksi fenomena. Sejak tahun 2003, posisi siswa Indonesia berada pada ranking 5-10 dari bawah. Dengan mengetahui sasaran PISA diharapkan ranking siswa Indonesia menjadi lebih baik. Makalah ini membahas tujuan PISA, literasi matematika, domain PISA, level kemampuan matematika pada sosal PISA, contoh soal PISA, dan upaya meningkatkan skor PISA untuk siswa di Indonesia. Kata kunci : PISA, literasi matematika, domain PISA
REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN STREAMS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO NUTRIENT CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT 1

ABSTRACT: In order to establish meaningful nutrient criteria, consideration must be given to the spatial variations in geographic phenomena that cause or reflect differences in nutrient concentrations in streams. Regional differences in stream nutrient concentrations were illustrated using stream data collected from 928 nonpoint‐source watersheds distributed throughout the country and sampled as part of the U.S. EPA National Eutrophication Survey (NES). Spatial patterns in the differences were compared and found to correspond with an a priori regional classification system based on regional patterns in landscape attributes associated with variation in nutrient concentrations. The classification consists of 14 regions composed of aggregations of the 84 U.S. EPA Level III Ecoregions. The primary distinguishing characteristics of each region and the factors associated with variability in water quality characteristics are presented. The use of the NES and many other extant monitoring data sets to develop regional reference conditions for nutrient concentrations in streams is discouraged on the basis of sample representation. The necessity that all sites used in such an effort be regionally representative and consistently screened for least possible impact is emphasized. These sampling issues are rigorously addressed by the U.S. EPA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). A case‐study, using EMAP data collected from the Central and Eastern Forested Uplands, demonstrates how regional reference conditions and draft nutrient criteria could be developed.
ECCO2: High Resolution Global Ocean and Sea Ice Data Synthesis

The Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) project was established in 1998 as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) with the goal of combining a general circulation model (GCM) with diverse observations in order to produce a quantitative depiction of the time-evolving global ocean state. Such combinations, also known as data assimilation, are important because available remotely sensed and in-situ observations are sparse and incomplete compared to the scales and properties of ocean circulation. These combinations also provide rigorous consistency tests for models and for data. In contrast to numerical weather prediction that also combines models and data, ECCO estimates are physically consistent; in particular, ECCO estimates do not contain discontinuities when and where data are ingested. First generation ECCO solutions are available and widely used for numerous science applications but the coarse horizontal grid spacing and the lack of Arctic Ocean and of sea ice of these first-generation solutions limits their ability to describe the real ocean. To address these shortcomings, the follow-on ECCO, Phase II (ECCO2) project aims to produce a best-possible, global, time-evolving synthesis of most available ocean and sea-ice data at a resolution that admits ocean eddies. A first ECCO2 synthesis for the period 1992– 2007 has been obtained using a Green's Function approach (Menemenlis, et al., 2005a) to estimate initial temperature and salinity conditions, surface boundary conditions, and several empirical ocean and sea ice model parameters. Data constraints include altimetry, gravity, drifter, hydrography, and observations of sea-ice. A large complement of high-frequency and highresolution diagnostics has been saved; these diagnostics are made available to the scientific community via ftp and OPeNDAP servers at http://ecco2.org. This note provides a brief overview of this first ECCO2 synthesis and of some early science applications.
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AIM: To use personalised computed tomography (CT)-based ﬁ nite element models to quantitatively investigate the likelihood of self-in ﬂ icted humeral fracture in non-ambulant infants secondary to rolling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three whole-body post-mortem CT examinations of children at the age of rolling (two 4-month-old and one 6-month-old) were used. The mechanical moment needed by each infant to perform a rolling manoeuvre was calculated and applied to the ﬁ nite element model in order to simulate spontaneous rolling from the prone to the supine position. RESULTS: The maximum predicted strains were found to be substantially lower (with a difference of > 80%) than the elastic limit of the bone. CONCLUSION: Results of this study challenge the plausibility of self-in ﬂ icted humeral fracture caused by rolling in non-ambulant infants and indicate that it is unlikely for a humeral fracture to result from this mechanism without the assistance of an external force. (cid:1)
Global Carrier Rates of Rare Inherited Disorders Using Population Exome Sequences

Exome sequencing has revealed the causative mutations behind numerous rare, inherited disorders, but it is challenging to find reliable epidemiological values for rare disorders. Here, I provide a genetic epidemiology method to identify the causative mutations behind rare, inherited disorders using two population exome sequences (1000 Genomes and NHLBI). I created global maps of carrier rate distribution for 18 recessive disorders in 16 diverse ethnic populations. Out of a total of 161 mutations associated with 18 recessive disorders, I detected 24 mutations in either or both exome studies. The genetic mapping revealed strong international spatial heterogeneities in the carrier patterns of the inherited disorders. I next validated this methodology by statistically evaluating the carrier rate of one well-understood disorder, sickle cell anemia (SCA). The population exome-based epidemiology of SCA [African (allele frequency (AF) = 0.0454, N = 2447), Asian (AF = 0, N = 286), European (AF = 0.000214, N = 4677), and Hispanic (AF = 0.0111, N = 362)] was not significantly different from that obtained from a clinical prevalence survey. A pair-wise proportion test revealed no significant differences between the two exome projects in terms of AF (46/48 cases; P > 0.05). I conclude that population exome-based carrier rates can form the foundation for a prospectively maintained database of use to clinical geneticists. Similar modeling methods can be applied to many inherited disorders.
Alcohol induces mitochondrial fragmentation and stress responses to maintain normal muscle function in Caenorhabditis elegans

Chronic excessive ethanol consumption produces distinct toxic and adverse effects on different tissues. In skeletal muscle ethanol causes alcoholic myopathy characterized by myofiber atrophy and loss of muscle strength. Alcoholic myopathy is more prevalent than all inherited muscle diseases combined. Current evidence indicates that ethanol directly impairs muscle organization and function. However, the underlying mechanism by which ethanol causes its toxicity to muscle is poorly understood. Here, we show that the nematode C. elegans recapitulates key aspects of alcoholic myopathy when exposed to ethanol. As in mammals, ethanol exposure impairs muscle strength and organization and induces the expression of protective genes, including oxidative stress response. In addition, ethanol exposure causes a fragmentation of mitochondrial networks aligned with myofibril lattices. This ethanol-induced mitochondrial fragmentation is dependent on mitochondrial fission factor DRP-1 (dynamin-like protein 1), and its receptor proteins on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Our data indicate that this fragmentation contributes to activation of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR). We also found that robust perpetual mitochondrial UPR activation effectively counters muscle weakness caused by ethanol exposure. Our results strongly suggest that modulation of mitochondrial stress responses provides a mechanism to ameliorate alcohol toxicity and damage to muscle. Significance Chronic alcohol abuse causes the damage and toxicity to peripheral tissues, including muscle. Alcohol perturbs the structure and function of striated skeletal and cardiac muscles. These toxic effects of alcohol on striated muscles negatively impact morbidity and mortality to alcohol misusers. Here, we demonstrate that the nematode C. elegans also exhibits key features of alcoholic myopathy when exposed to ethanol. Ethanol exposure impairs muscle organization and strength, and induces the expression of genes that cope with alcohol toxicity. Particularly, we find that ethanol toxicity is centered on mitochondria, the power plants of the cell. As an adaptive protective response to mitochondrial dysfunction, ethanol-exposed cells induce global transcriptional reprogramming to restore normal mitochondrial function. Upregulation of this transcriptional reprogramming in C. elegans effectively blocks ethanol-induced muscle weakness, a key feature of alcoholic myopathy. Thus, the modulation of mitochondrial stress responses is a potentially promising therapeutic strategy to ameliorate alcohol toxicity to muscle.
Salivary Interleukin-6 Levels among Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Pcos) Patients with and Without Chronic Periodontitis - A Comparitive Study

Background: Periodontitis is associates with various systemic disease one of which is PCOS. PCOS is a genetically complex endocrinopathy of uncertain etiology affecting women of reproductive age group which results in most common cause of anovulatory infertility, menstrual dysfunction and hirsutism. PCOS have close association with cardiometabolic risk profile, insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, central obesity, dyslipidemia and increase prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The common pathway is the chronic low grade inflammation which is constituted by proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Aim: To compare salivary IL-6 levels among patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with chronic periodontitis and without Chronic Periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Newly diagnosed PCOS patients were selected for the study and the periodontal Parameters were recorded. Group A consist of 42 patients of PCOS with Periodontitis & Group B consist of 42 patients of PCOS without Periodontitis. Salivary levels of IL-6 was compared between the two groups, and was assessed by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (Bioassay). Results: BOP in group A was 1.40 ± 0.40 and in group B it was 0.91. ± 0.18,PPD in group A was 4.23 ± 0.134 and in group B it was 1.30 ± 0.06, CAL in group A was 4.87 ± 0.124 and in group B was 1.30 ± 0.06, CAL in group A was 4.87 ± 0.124 and in group B was 1.30 ± 0.06. The values were statistically significant (p= <.001). IL-6 level in group A is 102.59 ± 18.2 and in group B it was 51.3 ± 25.3. Which implies there is an increase salivary IL-6 level in group A (PCOS with Periodontitis) than group B (PCOS without Periodontitis). Conclusion: Salivary IL-6 levels shows a double fold increase in Group A (PCOS with Periodontitis) than in group B ( PCOS without Periodontitis).
The Ties That Bond: Re-examining the Relationship between Facebook Use and Bonding Social Capital

Research has established a positive relationship between measures of Facebook use and perceptions of social capital. Like other social network sites, Facebook is especially well-positioned to enhance users' bridging social capital because it lowers coordination costs associated with maintaining a large, potentially diverse network of Friends. The relationship between Facebook use and perceived bonding social capital, however, is not as clear. Previous studies have found a positive relationship between Facebook Intensity (FBI) and a measure of bonding social capital that focuses on benefits accrued locally, i.e., within a university context. This study looks at the relationship between Facebook use, offline behaviors, and social provisions, a broad-based measure of social support that taps into a dimension of bonding. Findings suggest that while FBI no longer predicts bonding, specific behaviors on Facebook are positively linked to perceptions of three social provisions related to one's closest friends and family.
Uncertainty in Urban Flooding Assessment under Climate and Land Use Change

According to IPCC AR4 projections, the frequency of heavy precipitation events is likely to increase over the Pacific Northwestern (PNW) of USA during the 21st century. Consequently, flood risk is expected to increase in this region. Additionally, the land use change, such as urban development exacerbates the flood risk. We investigate potential changes in urban flood frequency and their uncertainty caused by future climate change and urban development in two urbanizing watersheds, the Fanno and Johnson, located in the PNW. The Fanno creek watershed is highly developed with a 84% urban land use, and the Johnson creek watershed is moderately developed with a 40% urban land use. The urban development of these watersheds will increase in the future with a higher rate of urban development in the Johnson watershed. This study employs three possible land use change scenarios, Conservation, Development, and Plan Trend, developed by the Pacific Northwest Ecosystem Research Consorthium (PNW-ERC). The Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) hydrological model developed by U.S. Geological Survey is employed to simulate runoff changes and resulting changes in flood frequency. To consider model parameter uncertainty, Latin Hypercube Sampling is employed to sample the PRMS model parameter space and estimate the acceptable parameter ranges according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency criterion. The U.S. Geological Survey PeakFQ program is also applied to estimate flood frequency with different recurrence intervals. To estimate uncertainties of climate change projection, we use eight GCMs and two emission scenarios (A1B and B1). The results show that change in flood frequency in the Johnson watershed is more significant than in the Fanno watershed because of the higher rate of urban development. The flood frequency changes are most sensitive to uncertainty in the GCM structure and downscaling method but are less affected by uncertainties due to hydrological model parameters and emission scenarios.