Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical Stimulated Luminescence Dating Study of Eolianite on the Island of Bozcaada, Turkey: Preliminary Results

Abstract In the present paper, eolianite exposed on the south coast of the semiarid island of Bozcaada, Turkey, was investigated on the basis of geomorphologic and petrographic data, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating results. The eolianite is lithic arenite in composition and contains abundant quartz, calcite, and various lithoclasts amalgamated with micritic calcite, sparitic calcite, and meniscus cements. Within the youngest layers standing at 1–2 m above sea level, the rock contains rhizoliths with or without carbonaceous fills. The OSL ages obtained ranged between 24.21 ± 1.53 ka and 16.18 ± 1.70 ka, suggesting that eolianite constitutes an example of low stand deposits coinciding with oxygen isotope stage 2 (OIS-2).
Rock Properties as Controls on Free‐face Debris Fall Activity

A free face composed of basalt flows showed, over a 72 week observation period, considerable variation in yield (kg or m3) of fallen material. Yield peaks in spring and autumn were recorded but small contributions were made from all flows throughout the year. The incidence of frost action cannot account for all of the yield peaks. An explanation of free-face weathering can best be given by taking the microcrack crack system into account in relation to some simple rock properties. Although there are several factors involved, microcrack density and coefficient of loosening are useful indicators of flow behaviour. An explanation of rock removal which takes material properties into account as well as environmental or climatic conditions is to be preferred and can be applied as a general model for all climates. Une falaise developpee dans des basaltes a montre au cours d'une periode d'observation de 72 semaines une variation considerable dans la chute (en kg ou en m3) de debris. Des maximums de production de debris ont ete enregistres au printemps et en automne mais de petites quantites de debris ont ete aussi liberees pendant toute l'annee. L'action du gel ne peut pas rendre compte de tous les maximums enregistres de production de debris. La meilleure explication de ces observations prend en compte le systeme de microfissures et quelques proprietes simples des roches. Quoique plusieurs facteurs interviennent, la densite des microfissures et le coefficient de relǎchement sont des indicateurs utiles pour comprendre la production des debris. Une explication de l'ablation des roches prenant en compte les proprietes des materiaux, aussi bien que les conditions climatiques et environnementales, doit etre preferee et peut etre appliquee comme modele general valable sous tous les climats.
A numerical study of aerosol effects on the dynamics and microphysics of a deep convective cloud in a continental environment

[1] The effects of aerosols on a deep convective cloud in a midlatitude continental environment are studied using an axisymmetric cloud model with a sectional treatment of aerosol and hydrometeor microphysical processes. Simulations are conducted using observations from the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiments (CCOPE). The isolated cloud occurred in an environment with low wind shear and with relatively dry air in the midtroposphere and upper troposphere. By varying the concentration of aerosol particles in the accumulation mode within realistic limits for a continental environment, the simulated cloud exhibited different properties. The overall impact as the aerosol concentration increased is that (1) the cloud development was inhibited; (2) the precipitation was suppressed; (3) the maximum values of liquid water content decreased, but the maximum values of droplet number concentration increased before the dissipating stage; (4) a clear tendency was found for ice crystals to be larger and less numerous in the anvil cloud; and (5) there was a significant reduction of the inflow in the lower 2 km of the atmosphere. In the relatively dry environment in the midtroposphere, the latent heat changes associated with the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen mechanism played an important role in the upper part of the cloud at altitudes below the homogeneous freezing level. In particular, immersion freezing and latent heat release were much more rapid in the base simulation than in the increased aerosol simulation. Less latent heat release and insufficient inflow together impeded the development of the cloud with the higher aerosol loading. Our simulations suggest that continental clouds existing below the homogeneous freezing level could show an opposite response of cloud top height and anvil crystal concentrations to changes in aerosol to what has previously been reported for clouds ascending to higher levels.
CD30 Cross-Reactivity and Expression in Feline Normal Tissues and Lymphomas

CD30 is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily included in the diagnostic algorithm of human cutaneous, anaplastic large cell and Hodgkin lymphomas and represents an optimal therapeutic target for CD30+ tumors. Similar diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are largely missing for feline lymphomas. Cross-reactivity of the antihuman CD30 receptor clone Ber-H2 was investigated in feline lymphomas. Comparative analysis of feline and human CD30 identified 61% identity of the amino acid sequence, with 100% identity of the main sequence of the epitope targeted by the antibody (RKQCEPDYYL). CD30 expression in normal feline tissues was restricted to rare lymphoid cells in perifollicular and interfollicular lymph node areas and in the thymic medulla. In feline lymphoma, CD30 was expressed in 4 of 33 (13%) T-cell lymphomas, 3 of 22 (14%) B-cell lymphomas, and 5 of 7 (71%) mixed-cell lymphomas, showing diffuse (1/5) or multifocal (4/5) positivity restricted to neoplastic multinucleated lymphoid cells and binucleated cells consistent with Reed-Sternberg-like cells. Based on the human classification system, cell morphology, expression of multiple markers (mixed cell components), and CD30 positivity, these cases were considered most consistent with classical Hodgkin-like lymphoma (HLL). The other 2 mixed-cell lymphomas were CD30 negative and thus most consistent with either T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphoma (TCRLBCL) or nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). These findings provide multiple data supporting the cross-reactivity of the Ber-H2 anti-CD30 clone in feline tissues and give evidence of the usefulness of CD30 in the diagnostic evaluation of feline lymphoma.
40Ar/39Ar phlogopite and U – Pb perovskite dating of lamprophyre dykes from the eastern Lake Superior region: evidence for a 1.14 Ga magmatic precursor to Midcontinent Rift volcanism

Thin lamprophyre dykes are abundant in the vicinity of the ca. 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift System and the late Archean – Early Proterozoic Kapuskasing Uplift in the Canadian Shield northeast of Lake Superior. However, the relationship between these dykes and spatially associated alkalic-carbonatite complexes has been unclear. To ascertain the temporal relationship between the two, we have determined, by 40Ar/39Ar and U–Pb dating, precise emplacement ages for six lamprophyre dykes from the region. The Ma U–Pb date for perovskite from the western Marathon and Wawa areas is indistinguishable from the 1144 ± 7 Ma 40Ar/39Ar date for phlogopite from the eastern Kapuskasing Uplift, and it is concluded that these dykes are part of a regional 1.14 Ga swarm that extends over 300 km. These dykes were therefore emplaced some 35 Ma prior to the 1109 Ma commencement of Midcontinent Rift volcanism and coeval alkaline-complex activity, but essentially simultaneously with emplacement of the 1141 ± 2 Ma Abitibi diabase dyke .
Análisis de la toma de decisiones en la acción de bloqueo en voleibol: Comparación entre jugadoras de élite y amateur

The purpose of this study was to analyze decision making in a volleyball block situation, based on the actions of the setter. The sample was composed by 40 female volleyball players (24.0 ± 4.9 years), that were federated and had a role in blocking actions during the game. decision making in blocks was analyzed, using video sequences projected in a real scale. According to their skill level, the participants were classified into an elite group (n = 10), composed of the players of the spanish national women's volleyball team, and an amateur one (n = 30), with non-professional players from women's First and second spanish division. The setting sequences that the participants watched were in consonance with their skill level, so that every group saw the same number of setting sequences, made by two different players, of the same competitive level. A comparison between success rates in both groups in the different types of settings was performed. No significant differences were found in success between both groups, although significant differences were detected after considering the data, as well as an effect size over the average value. These differences in the means of success variables may be important from a practical point of view, inasmuch as translated to the playing ground would imply a higher success. Besides, a high positive correlation between success variables was found, which points out a trend to failure or success independently of the setting zone. These results can be the basis so as to carry out intervention programs to improve decision making in this specific action.
Meta‐analyses of workplace physical activity and dietary behaviour interventions on weight outcomes

This meta‐analytic review critically examines the effectiveness of workplace interventions targeting physical activity, dietary behaviour or both on weight outcomes. Data could be extracted from 22 studies published between 1980 and November 2009 for meta‐analyses. The GRADE approach was used to determine the level of evidence for each pooled outcome measure. Results show moderate quality of evidence that workplace physical activity and dietary behaviour interventions significantly reduce body weight (nine studies; mean difference [MD]−1.19 kg [95% CI −1.64 to −0.74]), body mass index (BMI) (11 studies; MD −0.34 kg m−2[95% CI −0.46 to −0.22]) and body fat percentage calculated from sum of skin‐folds (three studies; MD −1.12% [95% CI −1.86 to −0.38]). There is low quality of evidence that workplace physical activity interventions significantly reduce body weight and BMI. Effects on percentage body fat calculated from bioelectrical impedance or hydrostatic weighing, waist circumference, sum of skin‐folds and waist–hip ratio could not be investigated properly because of a lack of studies. Subgroup analyses showed a greater reduction in body weight of physical activity and diet interventions containing an environmental component. As the clinical relevance of the pooled effects may be substantial on a population level, we recommend workplace physical activity and dietary behaviour interventions, in cluding an environment component, in order to prevent weight gain.
Empagliflozin improves primary haemodynamic parameters and attenuates the 2 development of atherosclerosis in high fat diet fed APOE knockout mice 3 4

The effects of long-term treatment with empagliflozin on biochemical and immunohistochemical markers related to atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis development in the aorta of apolipoprotein E knockout [Apo-E (−/−)] mice were evaluated in this study. Empagliflozin-treated mice had lower total cholesterol (P<0.05), fasting glucose (P<0.01), heart rate (P<0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P<0.05) compared to controls. Histomorphometry revealed reduced atherosclerotic lesion progress approaching statistical significance (P=0.06) and approximately 50% wider lumen area for the Empagliflozin treated mice group. Although empagliflozin significantly reduced VCAM-1 and MCP-1 (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively) and marginally induced TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA expression (P< 0.08, P=0.1 respectively), immunohistochemistry revealed a marginal reduction in VCAM-1 and MMP-9 (P= 0.1) without affecting the expression of TIMP-2 and MCP-1 in atherosclerotic lesions. Empagliflozin improves primary haemodynamic parameters and attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis by reducing hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, while direct actions in aorta vessel mediated via SGLT-1 are strongly hypothesized
A Study on the Post Occupancy Evaluation of Urban Arboretum -Focused on The Daejeon Hanbat Arboretum-

A study examined visitors' satisfaction to urban arboretum in Daejeon metropolitan city, and analyzed utilization status. Also, the study was based on POE. POE is a last phase in the environmental planning and design process that follows the sequence of planning, programing, design construction, and use of a project. Urban arboretum contribute to improvement in the quality of living by providing urban citizens with places for refreshment, natural have important values on urban environment and to promote the quality of life for urbanite. So, the study aims to present data on the human activities responding to the physical environment of 'the Daejeon Hanbat Arboretum' by evaluating visitor's behavior and activity, visiting motivations, preference patterns, and the degree of visitor's satisfaction. This study is conducted by multi-method such as interviews and questionnaires surveys. On-site questionnaire surveys were conducted in the Hanbat arboretum on October 25-31 of 2009. Total of 265 questionnaires were analyzed for this study. The analysis of data was used SPSS 18.0 statistical analysis program. Data from visitors was analyzed by descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, multiple response analysis, and Anova. Then, the outcome will be compared and evaluated to install urban arboretum that reflect the desires of users in the future.
Forest canopy chemistry with high spectral resolution remote sensing

Abstract Forest ecosystem modelling requires information about canopy chemistry. This is usually obtained through chemical analysis and laboratory spectrometric measurements. The potential of spectrometric remote sensing was investigated with two airborne campaigns organized in 1991 with AVIRIS (Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging spectrometer) and in 1993 with ISM (Infrared SpectroMeter) over the 'Landes’ forest (south-west France): AVIRIS covers the 400-2500 nm spectral range with 210 bands, whereas the ISM instrument is an airborne profiling spectrometer that operates in the 800-3200 nm spectral range with 128 bands. The study area consists of homogeneous parcels of maritime pines with a wide variety of ages from 2 to 48 years. Simultaneously with the airborne acquisition, foliar samples were collected in the field. These samples were chemically analysed for determining nitrogen, lignin and cellulose contents. Reflectance spectra of dried pine needles were obtained with the help of two laboratory spectro.
A novel approach for identifying the true temperature sensitivity from soil respiration measurements

We propose a novel approach, called the “localized ratio fitting” (LRF), to estimating the true temperature sensitivity from soil respiration measurements, a task crucial to modeling terrestrial carbon cycle and climate but so far hindered by the inadequate conventional regression approach. LRF takes advantage of the different timescales of the pool dynamics–induced and environmental variation–induced changes in soil CO2 efflux. It first transforms the expression for soil respiration into a form suppressing the influence of soil carbon pool dynamics and then uses the transformed expression to infer the parameters of environmental sensitivities. LRF works best for high‐frequency soil respiration measurements and thus is particularly suitable for analyzing time series produced by automated soil chambers and from soil incubation experiments. We evaluated the validity of LRF with both simulated (with a multipool soil organic carbon model driven by realistic plant litter input scenarios) and measured (with automated soil chambers) time series of soil respiration. LRF accurately retrieved the true temperature sensitivity from the simulated heterotrophic soil respiration while the conventional approach failed to do so. The simulation also revealed that LRF performed better than the conventional approach when a direct photosynthetic signal existed in the time series of soil respiration although even LRF could not completely eliminate the interference of photosynthetic contribution for estimating the true temperature sensitivity. Importantly, the simulation on the photosynthetic influence reproduced a typical seasonal pattern of apparent temperature sensitivity reported in the literature: higher sensitivity in winter (dormant season) and lower sensitivity in summer (growing season). Such pattern has been interpreted as an indication of temperature acclimation of soil respiration by previous studies. Our simulation now indicated that that interpretation may be incorrect. The validation with actual soil chamber data showed that the use of LRF led to more consistent estimates of temperature and moisture sensitivities from observations, indicating its better robustness against compounding effects of parallel processes on soil respiration. It was demonstrated that once the true environmental controls were properly accounted for, soil respiration measurements could be used to infer effects of biological processes on soil respiration.
EM1 signature from within the post-Archaean subcontinental lithospheric mantle: Isotopic evidence from the potassic volcanic rocks in NE China

Combined geological and geochemical evidence suggests that the age of the basement through which the Wudalianchi, Erkeshan, and Keluo (WEK) volcanic rocks in NE China were erupted is post-Archaean. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope analyses demonstrate that the Miocene to Recent WEK potassic volcanic rocks were derived from an enriched mantle source which had been metasomatised during the Proterozoic. The primary potassic magmas are the products of partial melting of either this enriched mantle source or, more probably, a mixture of this enriched source with an OIB source. In either case, a post-Archaean subcontinental lithospheric mantle with an EM1 signature has made a significant contribution to the WEK potassic rocks.
Molecular dynamics study of the competitive binding of hydrogen peroxide and water molecules with the DNA phosphate groups

The hydrogen peroxide is present in the living cell at small concentrations that increase under the action of the heavy ion beams in the process of anticancer therapy. The interactions of hydrogen peroxide with DNA, proteins and other biological molecules are poorly understood. In the present work the competitive binding of the hydrogen peroxide and water molecules with the DNA double helix backbone has been studied using the molecular dynamics method. The simulations have been carried out for the DNA double helix in a water solution with hydrogen peroxide molecules and Na$^{+}$ counterions. The obtained radial distribution functions of counterions, H$_2$O$_2$ and H$_2$O molecules with respect to the oxygen atoms of DNA phosphate groups have been used for the analysis of the formation of different complexes. The calculated mean residence times show that a hydrogen peroxide molecule stays at least twice as long near the phosphate group (up to 7 ps) than a water molecule (about 3 ps). The hydrogen peroxide molecules form more stable complexes with the phosphate groups of the DNA backbone than water molecules do.
Sustainable water resources: a framework for assessing adaptation options in the rural sector.

This project developed a framework to assess how the irrigated agriculture and turf grass leisure sectors in England could adapt to climate change impacts on water resources. Two catchments (the Nar and Wensum) in East Anglia provided case studies for hydrological, crop yield and land-use modelling; farmer interviews were held across East Anglia, and the golf sector study covered England and Wales. Future climate scenarios were developed from the UKCIP02 dataset, using the high and low emission scenarios for the 2020s and 2050s. For all these scenarios, hydrological modelling showed, even by the 2020s, groundwater recharge is reduced, ground water levels are lower, and both summer and winter river flows fall despite higher winter rainfall. These changes imply major reductions in water available for abstraction and its reliability. It would be impossible to meet the current environmental river flow objectives even without abstraction. Crop yield and land use modelling suggested that farmers will still grow high value irrigated crops such as potatoes and field-scale vegetables. If water resources are limited, they will reduce irrigation of other crops and invest in farm reservoirs, using winter abstraction. However, the extra costs will reduce farm net margins, and make farm businesses more vulnerable. Farmer interviews confirmed that cropping changes and reservoirs are the preferred adaptations. A prototype knowledge elicitation tool was developed to improve understanding of farmer behaviour. A survey of golf course irrigation in England and Wales revealed courses are about equally split between using mains water and direct abstraction. If water is limited, many could adapt by restricting irrigation to greens and tees; others could use reservoirs, re-use and water harvesting. However, client/member pressure is for fully irrigated surfaces. Overall, the study revealed that adaptations options do exist, albeit with costs. Better information on the climate impacts and careful regulation would reduce the risks of users adopting individual adaptations that are not optimal overall and/or inappropriate.
A simple triangular approximation of the area function for the calculation of network hydrological response

The hydrological response of a catchment is the result of combined hillslope and channel network delays in the translation of rainfall to discharge at the catchment outlet. In this paper we examine three simple descriptions of the channel network response following an instantaneous hillslope runoff input within a general framework in which the role of network morphology is described using the probability density function (pdf) of network path lengths, and the role of hydrodynamic dispersion is described using a solution of the linear advection dispersion equation. We show that the pdf of path lengths, represented by the area function, can be adequately approximated by a triangular distribution with just two parameters (the mean and maximum network path lengths). The triangular pdf can be combined with a description of residence times in individual paths to derive an analytical expression for the hydrological response of the channel network. This expression provides a better approximation of the network response than both the original geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH), based on Horton–Strahler ratios, and a single-channel representation, based on the concept of geomorphological dispersion. Using the same expression, we show that geomorphological factors generally prevail in controlling the mean and variance of network residence times. In contrast, hydrodynamic dispersion is shown to have a significant influence on the skewness of the network response over a wide range of catchment characteristics, strongly influencing the hydrograph peak and time to peak values in these cases. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.