Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal frost hardiness of Nothofagus solandri seedlings from two altitudinally diverse sites in Canterbury, New Zealand

Abstract Seasonal variation in frost hardiness was evaluated in beech (Nothofagus solandri) seedlings from sites in North Canterbury at 460 m near the lower altitude limit, and at 1100 m near timberline. Both 1-. 2-year old seedlings were lifted on five occasions through the year and exposed to a range of controlled frosts. Visual frost damage was measured four weeks later as the percentage of foliage damaged, and frost hardiness determined as that temperature causing an average of 50% foliage damage. Low-altitude seedlings achieved a maximum midwinter frost hardiness of-4.5°C and about-l°C in summer whereas the high-altitude seedlings were respectively hardy to -11.5. -3.5°C. From a conditioning experiment, and in keeping with the differences in seasonal variation in frost hardiness high-altitude seedlings apparently have an inherently greater capacity to develop frost hardiness than low-altitude seedlings. Consideration of temperatures at timberline indicated that frost hardiness of seedlings would be r.
A Comparison of Feature Extraction Techniques for Delamination of CFRP Using Eddy Current Pulse-Compression Thermography

CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) has replaced conventional metallic materials in many industrial applications because of its outstanding mechanical performance such as high strength to ratio and resistance of fatigue. During the service life of the aerospace composite component, delamination left without detection can cause a sudden breakdown of the structure. Eddy current pulse-compression thermography (ECPuCT) is an emerging technique that combines traditional ECPT and pulse compression techniques. In this work, feature extraction techniques of impulse response have been exploited in terms of principal component analysis (PCA), kernel principal component analysis (K-PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA). Each technique is evaluated using SNR as the index to compare their performance. The results indicate that Kernel-PCA performs better than PCA and ICA based features when dealing with delamination ranged from defect#1(0.46mm) to defect#9 (2.30mm).
Review of Iranian Journal Articles Indexed in Web of Science Based on Altmetric Indicators in Scientific Social Media

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of social media on Iranian articles published in Iranian English-language journals indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) citation database. The present applied research used the survey methodology and scientometric approach based on altmetric indicators. The study population consisted of 124 Iranian English-language journals indexed in Web of Science in 2018. Data were also collected from the Altmetric database and its free "Bookmarklet" tool. Results of the study showed that Iranian journals had relatively low Altmetric coverage and only 417 (9%) of articles have been posted on social media at least once in 2018, the most important social media distributing Iranian journal articles were Mendeley (94%), and twitter (81.8%), respectively. The correlation between altmetric indicators and the citation rate of the examined articles showed a statistically significant, positive relationship between the number of readers of Iranian journal articles in Mendeley and Twitter with the number of citations received in the Web of Science database, so the regression model was significant.
Genesis and Maintenance Processes of a Quasi-stationary Convective Band that Produced Record-Breaking Precipitation in Northern Kyushu, Japan on 5 July 2017

A quasi-stationary convective band that persisted for approximately ten hours caused precipitation in the northern part of Kyushu Island, Japan on 5 July 2017. The extreme amount of rainfall produced by this convective band caused a number of landslides and flash floods and resulted in a severe disaster. The Weather and Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used to perform numerical simulations and to clarify the genesis and main tenance processes of the convective band. A full-physics WRF simulation successfully reproduced the observed features of the convective band and extreme precipitation. It was shown that a quasi-stationary convergence zone in the low level played a crucial role in generating and maintaining the convective band. Trajectory and fron togenesis analyses showed that low-level confluent flows due to the blocking effects of a high pressure system located over the Sea of Japan were responsible for the formation, intensification, and sustenance of the conver gence zone. Furthermore, the frontal structure of the convergence zone was intensified due to the land-sea thermal contrast between Kyushu Island and the Tsushima Strait. Two additional experiments, namely a simulation with flattened topography of Kyushu Island and a simulation without considering raindrop evaporation also repro duced the observed band well. These results indicate that topography and a cold pool due to raindrop evaporation played only minor roles in the genesis and maintenance of the convective band.
Measuring the impact of Collybia fusipes on the root system of oak trees

This work describes the aetiology of Collybia fusipes root rot and the impact of the parasite on the structure of mature oak root systems. The collar roots were examined and rated for C. fusipes infection at the base of 26 Quercus robur and 20 Q. rubra trees. Trees were then felled and their root systems were up-rooted with a mechanical shovel. Number and infection status of the roots present were recorded at 40, 60 and 80 cm from the trunk base. C. fusipes drastically reduced the number of living roots. At 80 cm from the trunk base, on cylinder 3, Q. robur rated as lightly and heavily damaged had only 52 and 25 %, respectively, the fre- quency of living roots of undamaged trees; the values were 72 and 25 %, respectively, for lightly and heavily damaged Q. rubra trees. C. fusipes impacted especially the vertical roots just under the collar. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)
The macroinvertebrate communities of two contrasting Norwegian glacial rivers in relation to environmental variables

1. Macroinvertebrate communities in two Norwegian glacial rivers, one in the western fjords (Dalelva) and one in the eastern mountains (LeirungsaEi), were investigated during three time periods in 1996 and 1997. 2. Channel stability variables (substratum heterogeneity/Pfankuch index/hydraulic stress) and water temperature accounted for 54% of the total inertia in the principal components analysis (PCA) ordination of environmental variables. The importance of these variables was con®rmed by cluster analysis. 3. The two rivers were well separated in the ordinations, with LeirungsaE i showing much greater heterogeneity. This is explained by differences in altitudinal range, terrestrial vegetation and the importance and nature of tributary inputs. 4. Channel stability and temperature were also important in determining faunal communities in the two glacial rivers, supporting the main determining variables in the conceptual model of glacial streams (Milner & Petts, 1994). However, clear temporal differences were apparent in the data, the two rivers being more similar during the summer period of high discharge dominated by glacial meltwater. During spring and especially during autumn environmental conditions and the macroinvertebrate fauna differed both within and between rivers. 5. Diamesinae dominated in the upper reaches of both rivers, with Orthocladiinae becoming more common downstream. The dominance of Diamesinae persisted further down Dalelva because of the continued in¯uence of glacial tributaries, whereas in LeirungsaEi the in¯uence of non-glacial tributaries led to a change towards a greater proportion of Orthocladiinae. Lakes modi®ed macroinvertebrate communities in both river systems.
Morfologia externa dos estágios imaturos de heliconíneos neotropicais: I. Eueides isabella dianasa (Hübner, 1806)

External morphology of the immature stages of neotropical heliconians: I. Eueides isabella dianasa (Hubner, 1806). The external features of egg, larva and pupa of Eueides isabella dianasa (Hubner, 1806) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae) are described and illustrated, based upon light and scanning electron microscopy.
Water-Use Efficiency and Yield of Sainfoin and Alfalfa

(.) Our objective was to determine yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as related to evapotranspiration (ET). Species were grown in rows under an irrigation gradient. Total seasonal yields were a linear function (r 2 = 0.87-0.97) of ET for both species. Maximum sainfoin yields were 85% of alfalfa (20.7 Mg ha −1 ). Sainfoin produced 58 to 63% of its total yield in the first two harvests as compared to 41 to 46% for alfalfa (.)
Body size, competitive interactions, and the local distribution of Triturus newts.

1.Pairs of European Triturus newt species of similar size tend not to co-occur syntopically, suggesting that similarity in body size is associated with competitive interactions that prevent coexistence. I tested this hypothesis with an experiment involving larvae of four species in 675-L artificial ponds. 2. There were strong interactions between most species pairs. Even the small T. helveticus had a clear impact on the larger T. alpestris. Pairs of species with different body sizes did not interact less strongly. 3. A standard increase in competitor biomass (c.2 mass at metamorphosis) caused 42% lower expected survival from hatching to 1 year of age, regardless of whether the species were of similar or different size. In most cases this resulted from delayed metamorphosis, reduced size at emergence, and slightly lower larval survival. 4. A standard increase in competitor density (0·74 individuals m − 2 ) caused a greater reduction in expected 1-year survival when the competitor was larger (18% decline) than when both species were of similar size (6% decline), primarily because the very large T. cristatus consumed the smallest species. 5. These findings suggest that species interactions during the larval stage cannot explain distribution patterns of same- and different-sized Triturus.
Urban Niche Assessment: An Approach Integrating Social Media Analysis, Spatial Urban Indicators and Geo-Statistical Techniques

Cities are human ecosystems. Understanding human ecology is important for designing and planning the built environment. The ability to respond to changes and adapt actions in a positive way helps determine the health of cities. Recently, many studies have highlighted the great potential of photographic data shared on the Flickr platform for the analysis of environmental perceptions in landscape and urban planning. Other research works used panoramic images from the Google Street View (GSV) web service to extract urban quality data. Although other researches have used social media to characterize human habitat from an emotional point of view, there is still a lack of knowledge of the correlation between environmental and physical variables of the city and visual perception, especially at a scale suitable for urban planning and design. In ecology, the environmental suitability of a territory for a given biological community is studied through species distribution models (SDM). In this work we have adopted the state of the art of SDM (the ensemble approach) to develop a methodology transferable to cities with different sizes and characteristics that uses data deriving from many sources available on a global scale: social media platform, Google internet services, shared geographical information, remote sensing and geomorphological data. The result of our application in the city of Livorno offers important information on the most significant variables for the conservation, planning and design of urban public spaces at the project scale. However, further research developments will be needed to test the model in cities of different sizes and geographic locations, integrate the model with other social media, other databases and with traditional surveys and improve the quality of indicators that can be derived from information shared on the Internet.
30 Years of Gender Inequality and Implications on Curriculum Design in Open and Distance Learning

Gender inequality is a pressing issue on a global scale, yet studies on this important issue have stayed on the margins of open and distance learning (ODL) literature. In this study, we critically analyse a batch of ODL literature that is focused on gender inequality in post-secondary and higher education contexts. We use Therborn’s social justice framework to inform and guide the study. This is a comprehensive social justice lens that sees inequality as “a life and death issue,” approaching empowerment as a central area of concern. Qualitative content analysis of 30 years of peer-reviewed literature reveals patriarchy and androcentrism as significant mechanisms that continue to produce gender inequality, in particular in women’s access to educational resources and formal learning opportunities. We highlight three themes that emerged in the content analysis: (1) ODL and equal opportunity; (2) Feminism and gender-sensitive curriculum design; and (3) Culturally relevant curriculum design. We critique views of access to technology-enabled education as an instrument for social justice, and provide a pedagogical model for an ODL curriculum centred on empowerment and agency, two concepts closely linked to existential inequality. We argue that such a curriculum is public service and requires a model of education that is based on participation and co-construction, and lies at the intersection of critical, feminist, and culturally relevant pedagogical practices.
Information processing costs and stock price informativeness: Evidence from the XBRL mandate

Using the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) mandate as a pseudo-natural experiment, we provide empirical evidence that reduction in information processing costs (IPC) leads to more informative stock price through two channels, the firm-specific information incorporation, and increased disclosures. We also find that younger firms with relatively shorter public disclosure history benefit more than older firms, supporting the conjecture that XBRL accelerates the information incorporation process and expedites market’s learning about younger firms faster. Our results are robust to alternative measures of price informativeness, individual batch tests, placebo tests, and potential bias from financial industry. JEL Classification: G14, M41, M48
Ultrasounds Used as Promoters of Heat-Transfer Enhancement of Natural Convection in Dielectric Fluids for the Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment

We present an experimental investigation of the effect of ultrasound application to increase the heat-transfer coefficient for natural convection of a dielectric fluid. An experimental analysis is carried out to estimate the increase of the convective heat-transfer coefficient between an electronic board and a refrigerant fluid, the Fluorinert Electronic Fluid FC-72. For this purpose, an experimental apparatus composed of an electronic board, its electronic control circuit, and data acquisition systems have been designed and implemented. The data collected appear to confirm in some situations of practical interest the enhancement effect of the convective heat-transfer coefficient in connection with the use of ultrasound. The most favorable condition was observed with the fluid in quite low subcooled conditions.
Driving factors of the potentially toxic and harmful species of Prorocentrum Ehrenberg in a semi-enclosed Mediterranean lagoon (Tunisia, SW Mediterranean)

We analysed the dynamics of the potentially toxic and harmful species of Prorocentrum Ehrenberg in Bizerte lagoon (important aquaculture area, Northern Tunisia), substantiating the possible driving forces (temperature, salinity and nutrients), based on a two years database. We revealed that Prorocentrum spp. blooms of high magnitude (10 4 - 10 5 cells l -1 ) occurred mostly during the period of late winter to early spring. We found five species of Prorocentrum , two of which, P. lima and P. cordatum , the most common during the field, are confirmed agents of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning in various regions of the world ocean. Prorocentrum sp. , P. micans , and P. gracile were however present only sporadically but with high cell abundances, exemplifying bloom densities. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that P. minimum and P. lima were much more abundant in eutrophied waters characterized here by high Chl a biomass, while P. gracile species occurred principally in warm waters. Furthermore, Prorocentrum sp. and P. micans seemed more likely to proliferate in saline waters with high concentrations of inorganic nutrients (nitrate, ammonia and phosphate). Our study calls attention to a possible intensification of DSP events in the Bizerte lagoon, given the propensity of Prorocentrum spp. to proliferate in a eutrophied system.
In vivo antitrypanosomal evaluation of some medicinal plant extracts from Ogun state, Nigeria

Aqueous extracts of 5 medicinal plants comprising of the root bark of Morinda morindiodes and leaves of Tithonia diversifolia, Lippia multiflora, Ocimum gratissimum and Acalypha wilkesiana were investigated for antitrypanosomal activities in albino rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei . The plant extracts at 400mg/kg body weight (of rats) were administered once daily for 7 days in an established infection of 5 x 106 parasitaemia before starting treatment. There was significant reduction in parasitaemia (P Morinda morindiodes, Tithonia diversifolia and Acalypha wilkesiana but parasitaemia later increased till survival time. Morinda morindiodes , a plant well known for its potents antimalarial effect, has it root bark extracts exhibiting the highest value of mean survival time (12.6+0.7) days this study. The result may probably suggest reduction in parasite virulence by Morinda morindiodes root bark extract. Keywords: Antitrypanosomal, evaluation, medicinal plants, in vivo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Patterns of Dispersion and Burrow Use Support Scramble Competition Polygyny in Gopherus polyphemus

Abstract Gopher tortoises spend most of their time in burrows from which they emerge to forage and perform behaviors such as courtship and mating. Previous literature is divided regarding the mating system of this species; some assert that gopher tortoises conform to female defense polygyny, and others assert that scramble competition polygyny is more likely. Here, telemetry data were used to record the frequency with which pairs of tortoises shared burrows and the frequency with which they apparently chased each other from burrows. Additionally, telemetry locations were used to estimate patterns of dispersion of individuals. If gopher tortoises conformed to female defense polygyny, then males should have: (1) moved frequently to share burrows with females, (2) rarely shared burrows with males, (3) infrequently displaced females from burrows, and (4) frequently displaced males from burrows. Similarly, females should have: (1) infrequently moved to share burrows with either sex, and (2) infrequently chased either sex. Also, females should have shown an aggregated dispersion relative to other females. On the contrary, we found that males moved equally frequently to share burrows with adults of both sexes and chased females from burrows more frequently than they chased other males. Females moved more frequently to share burrows with males than with females and chased males more often than they chased other females. Females did not have an aggregated pattern of dispersion relative to other females. These data were most consistent with scramble competition polygyny.
New Record of the Birdbeak Burrfish Cyclichthys orbicularis (Pisces: Diodontidae), in Korea

A total of six specimens (57.03-100.72 mm in standard length) belonging to the family Diodontidae were collected around Jeju Island, Korea between July and August 2013. On the Basis of morphological and molecular analyses, we identified the specimens as Cyclichthys orbicularis (Bloch, 1785), a new record to the Korean fish fauna. Morphologically, the species is characterized by nine caudal fin rays, immovable spines on the head and body except the caudal peduncle, and small black spots dorsally. Some morphometric characters changed disproportionately with growth, which was a new finding. Caudal peduncle length, body width and preanus length to standard length tend to grow at a rate different from that of overall growth. When the 601 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences of our specimens were compared with those of other diodontid fishes, our specimens clustered tightly around C. orbicularis (d = 0.000-0.002) in an NJ tree, with a high bootstrap value (99%). We herein describe the morphological and molecular traits of the specimens, and propose a new Korean name, “gud-ga-si-bok-sok” for the genus Cyclichthys, and “dung-geun-gud-ga-si-bok” for C. orbicularis.
Effect of essential oils of cinnamon, clove, lemon grass, oregano and palmarosa on growth of and fumonisin B1 production by Fusarium verticillioides in maize

The ability of cinnamon, clove, lemon grass, oregano and palmarosa essential oils to prevent growth of and fumonisin B1 (FB1) production by Fusarium verticillioides at different water activity (0.95 and 0.995 aw) and temperature (20 and 30 °C) levels in irradiated maize grain was evaluated. All the essential oils inhibited growth of F verticillioides isolates under all conditions tested, but FB1 production was only inhibited at 30 °C and 0.995 aw. Moreover, stimulation of toxin production was found under certain environmental conditions. None of the essential oils showed a significantly greater ability to inhibit FB1 production when compared with the others. At 1000 mg essential oil kg−1 maize the essential oils showed a greater inhibitory effect on growth of F verticillioides than at 500 mg kg−1, but there was no difference in FB1 production between the two levels of essential oil. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
The Relative Importance of Volunteer Tourism (Sustainable/Pro-Social Form of Tourism) Motivation Factors for Young Tourists: A Descriptive Analysis by Continents, Gender, and Frequency

Volunteer tourism is a vital formation of altruistic and sustainable tourism. This research is aimed to empirically find the relative importance of the motivation factors and the motivation realization factors for young tourists participating in the global volunteer tourism programs. The differences in the study variables across continents, gender, and frequency of participation were also scrutinized. A quantitative research approach that utilized the survey method was employed. The outcomes showed that personal development was the most vital motivator for global volunteer tourism. On the other hand, the young tourists felt that they most realized the factor of a new experience through their recent international volunteer tourism experience. The motivation factors and the motivation realization factors were consistent across the continents. Furthermore, the mean differences in the motivations, the motivations’ realization, satisfaction, and the behavioral intentions were revealed to be non-significant for the genders and the frequency of volunteer participation. By grasping the young volunteer tourists’ motivations and the experience evaluations, the volunteer programs can be advanced in consonance with their necessities and demands, which enhance the volunteer tourism experience.