Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of mulberry leaf meal (Morus alba) as protein supplement in diets for laying hens

A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to study the effects of inclusion of 0 (control; Diet A), 10% (Diet B), 15% (Diet C) and 20% (Diet D) of mulberry leaf meal (Morus alba) in the diet on production performance and egg quality of laying hens. Feeding mulberry leaf meal (MLM) reduced (P<0.05) the feed intake, egg production, egg weight and egg mass. However, feed conversion ratio was not affected (P>0.05). Shell weight and yolk weight were decreased (P<0.01), but shell thickness and albumen weight were not affected (P>0.05). Haugh units increased (P<0.001) as the level of MLM increased. Also, feeding MLM improved (P<0.001) the yolk color when compared with control. The results indicated the possibility of including up to 10% of mulberry leaf meal in diets of egg laying hens without adversely affecting the performance and egg quality.
Myth: External Financial Reporting Quality Has a First-Order Effect on Firm Value

I argue that external financial reporting quality has at best a 2nd order effect on firm value of U.S. publicly traded companies and that attempts to improve a firm’s external reporting quality has a 3rd order effect on these firms’ value. Recognizing that external financial reporting quality is at best a 2nd order effect on firm value imposes an important external validity test on accounting research. If the economic magnitude of the study’s proxy for quality on firm value is “too large,” then the researcher should question the research design strategy and whether correlated omitted variables, endogeneity, or sample selection bias are corrupting the study’s inferences.
Infrageneric Classification of Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) Revisited: Evidence from the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA

Abstract The goals of this study were to elucidate phylogenetic relationships in Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and compare this phylogeny with three infrageneric classifications. Thirty Eleocharis species and eight outgroups were analyzed using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses. These analyses place Websteria within the Eleocharis clade. The sister group of Eleocharis has traditionally been inferred to be either members of the Abildgaardieae or Scirpeae. Theses analyses do not show strong support for Bulbostylis (Abildgaardieae) or Schoenoplectus (Scirpeae) as the sister lineage to Eleocharis. The ITS results are not entirely congruent with any of the classifications. There is support for a monophyletic Eleocharis subgenus Limnochloa and subgenus Zinserlingia sensu González-Elizondo and Peterson, but many of the subdivisions of Eleocharis subgenus Eleocharis are para- or polyphyletic. Morphological characters inferred to have multiple origins by the ITS data, and qualitative traits such as texture, shape and color of nuts and scales, and shape and texture of sheath apices have been used to define classification units in Eleocharis and this appears to have played a major role in the confusion surrounding relationships in the genus. Communicating Editor: Jeff H. Rettig
Effectiveness of Project Management Tools used in the Sri Lankan Public Sector

This research project is primarily aimed at investigating the use of project management tools and techniques in the Sri Lankan public sector and how they affect project success. The study sample consisted of 202 public sector employees who are responsible for projects.Confirmatory factor analysis coupled with structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed as the primary statistical analysis technique. The findings reveal that project manager’s competency, top management support and affective organizational commitment facilitate project success through effective use of project management tools. Further, it was found that project complexity moderates the positive relationships between top management support and the use of project management tools, as well as affective organizational commitment and the use of project management tools.
Thermal and oxygen conditions in lakes under restoration following the removal of herbivorous and seston-filtering fish

Thermal and oxygen conditions in lakes under restoration following the removal of herbivorous and seston-filtering fish The thermal and oxygen conditions were determined in lakes under restoration after the removal of herbivorous and seston-filtering fish. Studies of the thermal and oxygen conditions were conducted from March to November from 2000 to 2010, except in 2006, in lakes Dgał Wielki, Dgał Mały, and Warniak. The beginning of thermal stratification was usually observed in dimictic lakes in May, although this type of layering was noted several times by the end of April. Lake Dgał Mały has characteristics that are typical of so-called cold thermal lakes, while the characteristics of Dgał Wielki identify it as a thermally moderate lake. Oxygen depletion was observed in summer in the hypolimnion and metalimnion (clinograde curve) and H2S occurred in the deepest water layers, which was noted in the 1950s; this indicates that this occurred prior to, during, and following the experimental introduction of fish. Oxygen maximums have been noted in the metalimnion sporadically (positive heterograde). The water masses in the polymictic Lake Warniak warmed most quickly in spring and summer and cooled in fall. Homothermia is usually noted in the growth season, with good oxygenation from the surface to the bottom with frequent occurrences of supersaturation, which could signal intense production processes. The studied lakes differed significantly in terms of water mass warming, oxygen content, and degree of staticity.
Breeding seasons of seabirds at Europa Island (southern Mozambique Channel) in relation to seasonal changes in the marine environment

Tropical seabirds have evolved a wide range of breeding regimes to fit with their local environment. The western Indian Ocean shows various oceanic situations, providing opportunities to link variations in breeding phenology with variations of the environment. The breeding seasons of seabirds at Europa Island (Mozambique Channel, western Indian Ocean) are analysed. Three oceanic, tuna-associated species (the sooty tern Sterna fuscata , the red-footed booby Sula sula , and Audubon's shearwater Puffinus lherminieri ) breed during austral winter (June–October), whereas the red-tailed tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda breeds during austral summer (November–April). During winter, sea-surface temperatures are the lowest, subtropical waters are the closest to the island, and long-line catches of tunas are important. Thermal fronts occur during winter, in relation to the northward shift of subtropical waters. This is known to be favourable to tunas, and I suggest that the winter breeding of sooty terns, red-footed boobies and Audubon's shearwaters is because of an increase in the abundance of tunas. Geographic variations in the breeding phenology of sooty terns in the western Indian Ocean largely support the hypothesis that sooty terns take advantage of cool subtropical waters, when those waters are within their foraging range. The red-tailed tropicbird is a solitary forager, not associated with tunas. During the chick-rearing period, 40% of the mass of food brought to the chicks consists of dolphin-fishes Coryphaena spp. Those warm water, surface dwelling fishes are known to migrate in relation to sea-surface temperatures. Seasonal changes in the occurrence or vulnerability of dolphin-fish in the Mozambique Channel may have favoured a summer breeding regime in red-tailed tropicbirds at Europa Island. Further studies of the marine life of seabirds are needed to test these hypotheses and to learn more about the foraging ecology of tropical seabirds.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE 3 -ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR

The 3 subtype of adrenaline and noradrenaline receptors has now been extensively characterized at the structural and functional levels. Ligand binding and adenylyl cyclase activation studies helped define a -adrenergic profile that is quite distinct from that of the 1-and2-adrenergic receptors, but strongly reminiscent of most of the “atypical” responses reported in earlier pharmacologic studies. Human, other large mammal, and rodent receptors share most of the characteristic 3 properties, although obvious species-specific differences have been identified. Recently, the incidence of a naturally occurring variant of the human 3-adrenergic receptor was shown to be correlated with hereditary obesity in Pima Indians and in Japanese individuals, and in Western obese patients with increased dynamic capacity to add on weight and develop non‐insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). A mild weight increase was also shown to develop in female, but not male, mice in which the3 receptor gene was disrupted. Taken together, these results now provide a consistent picture of an important role of the3-adrenoceptor in the regulation of lipid metabolism and as an obvious target for drugs to treat some forms of obesity.
Seasonal reproduction of sailfish Istiophorus platypterus from the southeast Mexican Pacific

Abstract Quantitative histology was used to analyse the seasonal reproductive characteristics of the Istiophorus platypterus sailfish obtained from bycatch and recreational catches in the southeast Mexican Pacific. The analysis revealed five stages of ovarian development, eight kinds of oocytes, and one postovulation structure. The species shows an asynchronous ovary development and indeterminate fecundity. Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) indicated that sailfish have a reproductive period with peaks in September and October (mean monthly GSI=1.9 and 1.8). Females were more abundant during the second quarter, whereas males were more abundant in the third and fourth quarters. We found that the estimates of the frequency distribution of whole oocytes showed that this analysis may be useful as a tool to assess maturity. The estimated size at sexual maturity for this species in the Gulf of Tehuantepec was 150.2 cm eye–fork length.
Chromosomal localization of 5S and 18S rRNA genes in three Parodon species (Pisces, Parodontidae)

Abstract The nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) have often been analyzed in Parodontidae fish using silver staining. In the genus Parodon, the Ag-NORs are used as species chromosomal markers, while in the genus Apareiodon they show a more conserved location. In the present study, the NORs are investigated in three Parodon species (P. hilarii, Parodon sp. and P. tortuosus) using silver and fluorochrome staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a PCRobtained 18S probe. In addition, the chromosomal 5S rDNA sites are also analyzed with a cloned 5S rDNA probe. It was seen a close correspondence between Ag-NORs, chromomycin positive regions and the 18S rDNA sites in the chromosomes of the three species. A major and a minor 5S rDNA cluster were also abserved in these species. While the 18S and major 5S rRNA genes are located on different chromosome pairs in Parodon sp. and P. hilarii, they are linked in P. tortuosus, although in opposite regions of the chromosome. Both 18S and 5S rDNA sites appear as important chromosome markers for Parodon species.
Identification of Bombyliid Parasites and Hyperparasites of Phalaenidae of the Prairie Provinces of Canada, with Descriptions of Six Other Bombyliid Pupae (Diptera)

For many years studies of cutworm bionomics and control, especially of pest species, have been carried on in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. During these studies a number of cutworm parasites and hyperparasites of the bombyliid genera Poecilanthrax Osten Sacken, Villa Lioy, and Hemipenther Loew have been encountered. These species do not appear to be important factors in the natural control of cutworms, for they cause from two to five per cent of the total parasitism. No detailed data are available on the life-history of any of the species.
Variation in growth and efficiency in twin cattle with live weight and food intake controlled

In an experiment to investigate the interrelationships of genetics and nutrition in the growth of cattle up to 2 years of age, five monozygotic and six dizygotic Ayrshire twin heifers were reared under close nutritional control on an all cubed diet. Two control systems were used. Some animals were fed similar amounts of food, and differences in growth rate and efficiency examined while others were made to grow alike and differences in food consumption and efficiency examined. Overall, similarly fed animals had similar growth rates and efficiencies and similarly grown animals similar food intakes and efficiencies. Variation in growth, food consumption and efficiency was much less than in an ad lib. feeding system.
Ethanol and sugar tolerance of wine yeasts isolated from fermenting cashew apple juice

Seventeen wine yeasts isolated from fermenting cashew apple juice were screened for ethanol and sugar tolerance. Two species of Saccharomyces comprising of three strains of S. cerevisiae and one S. uvarum showed measurable growth in medium containing 9% (v/v) ethanol. They were equally sugar-tolerant having good growth in medium containing 25% (w/v) glucose. Two of the strains ( S. cerevisiae ) were found to posses higher invertase activities than the remaining two. Further search for industrially useful yeasts in tropical fruits is suggested. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (7), pp. 660-662, 2005
SDN-Based Intrusion Detection System for Early Detection and Mitigation of DDoS Attacks

The current paper addresses relevant network security vulnerabilities introduced by network devices within the emerging paradigm of Internet of Things (IoT) as well as the urgent need to mitigate the negative effects of some types of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks that try to explore those security weaknesses. We design and implement a Software-Defined Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that reactively impairs the attacks at its origin, ensuring the “normal operation” of the network infrastructure. Our proposal includes an IDS that automatically detects several DDoS attacks, and then as an attack is detected, it notifies a Software Defined Networking (SDN) controller. The current proposal also downloads some convenient traffic forwarding decisions from the SDN controller to network devices. The evaluation results suggest that our proposal timely detects several types of cyber-attacks based on DDoS, mitigates their negative impacts on the network performance, and ensures the correct data delivery of normal traffic. Our work sheds light on the programming relevance over an abstracted view of the network infrastructure to timely detect a Botnet exploitation, mitigate malicious traffic at its source, and protect benign traffic.
Numbers Of Migratory Birds Stopping Over In New Orleans, Louisiana, USA In Relation To Weather

Abstract Migratory birds were surveyed at stopover sites in New Orleans, Louisiana, during seven spring and fall seasons in relation to weather conditions. Weather was classified into four synoptic scenarios distinguished primarily by positions of fronts, wind directions, and pressure characteristics. Overall numbers of migrants in spring were more numerous during the synoptic scenarios in which a cold front was about to arrive (Frontal Gulf Return) or had already passed (Post Frontal), than when airflow was off the Gulf or from the east (Coastal Return, which often preceded frontal passage). Counts of White-eyed (Vireo griseus) and Red-eyed vireos (V. olivaceus), Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea), and thrushes (Hylocichla and Catharus combined) showed differences among weather scenarios, mostly with high counts under Post Frontal conditions and/or low counts under Coastal Return. Post Frontal values were higher in fall than Coastal Return for overall migrants, Common Yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas), and Indigo Buntings. However, four individual species failed to show any variation with weather. Counts after cold front passages in both spring and fall were higher than those preceding the fronts for all migrants combined.
High apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in raw and germinated faba bean (Vicia faba)-and chickpea (Cicer arietinum)-based diets for rats

The effects of germinated faba bean (Vicia faba minor var Alameda)- and chickpea (Cicer arietinum kabuli var Athenas)-based diets on performance, N utilisation, amino acid ileal digestibility and plasma concentrations were studied in growing male Wistar rats. Raw and germinated faba bean and chickpea seed meals were incorporated in essential amino acid-supplemented and energy-equalised diets as the only sources of protein. A lactalbumin-based diet equalised in protein (100 g kg−1) and digestible energy (15.5 kJ g−1) with the test diets was used as control. Weight gains, gain/feed ratios, N retention and NPU values of animals fed raw or germinated legumes were lower than those of rats given the control (lactalbumin) diet, while faecal dry weights were higher. However, N retention and NPU values of rats fed germinated faba bean diets were higher and faecal dry weights lower than those of animals fed non-germinated faba bean diets. Liver and thymus fresh and dry relative weights were lower than controls for all legume diets, whilst small intestine, caecum and colon relative weights were higher than controls for non-germinated faba beans and chickpeas either germinated or not. Caecum and colon fresh and dry relative weights of rats fed germinated faba bean seeds were lower than those of rats fed non-germinated faba beans and not different from controls. Except for aspartic acid and proline in rats fed raw faba bean diets, apparent ileal digestibilities of amino acids were not different or higher in rats fed legume diets as compared with controls. Except for arginine, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility was higher for germinated than for non-germinated faba bean seeds. The amounts of glycine, arginine and ornithine in plasma significantly increased whilst those of threonine, alanine, leucine and lysine decreased with respect to controls in faba bean- or chickpea-fed rats, either germinated or not. We conclude that (a) germination of faba bean seeds gave rise to a significant (P < 0.01) but limited improvement in performance, N retention and apparent ileal digestibilities of some amino acids in growing rats compared with non-germinated seeds, while there was no detectable effect in the case of germinated chickpea seeds, and (b) the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of essential amino acid-supplemented diets based on faba bean or chickpea meals, either germinated or not, is similar or even higher than controls. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Dendroecological Analysis of Black Spruce in Lichen—Spruce Woodlands of the Closed-Crown Forest Zone in Eastern Canada

Abstract: Lichen—spruce woodlands occur in the closed-crown forest zone as a divergent type of the spruce—moss forest because of regeneration failure caused by compounded disturbances (fire, insect outbreaks, and logging). From the southern limit of distribution of lichen woodlands (47° 30′ N) to the northern limit of the closed-crown forest zone (52° 40′ N), 53 lichen woodlands were sampled for a detailed dendroecological analysis. Radial, height, and volumetric growth of black spruce (Picea mariana) trees among the woodlands varied significantly according to stand age. Growth rates were similar for all even-aged spruce trees, whereas growth rates of trees < 100 y old were significantly greater than those of trees > 100 y old. No significant differences were found in growth rates of spruces distributed along the latitudinal gradient. Spruce trees were generally small in all the woodlands studied, with only a few trees taller than 12 m. Although spruce budworm may have affected all stands, the timing and intensity of the infestations were not necessarily synchronous among the studied stands. Partial least square response (PLS) functions were calculated to evaluate the impact of climate on tree-rings with latitude. Along the 600-km transect, PLS response functions indicated that growth was strongly influenced by current and previous year climatic conditions, particularly precipitation.
Evaluation of an enzyme complex containing nonstarch polysaccharide enzymes and phytase on the performance of broilers fed a sorghum and soybean meal diet

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multiple-enzyme complex (Rovabio Max) containing carbohydrases and phytase on the performance of 0- to 46-d-old broilers fed a sorghum- and soybean meal (SBM)-based diet. A total of 2,200 broilers were fed sorghum-SBM diets with or without the complex and were compared with a positive control (PC) diet [treatment (T) 1]. Two negative controls (NC) were used: (NC1) in treatments T2 and T3, the AMEn was reduced by 85 kcal/kg, CP was reduced by 1.5%, amino acids were reduced by 1.5%, available P was reduced by 0.153%, and Ca was reduced by 0.12% as compared with the PC diet; (NC2) for treatments T4 and T5, the AMEn was 120 kcal/kg lower, CP was 1.5% lower, amino acids were 1.5% lower, available P was 0.153% lower, and Ca was 0.12% lower than with the PC diet. Both reformulations were then fed with (T3 and T5) and without (T2 and T4) addition of the multiple-enzyme complex. The multiple-enzyme complex treatments (T3 and T5) resulted in broilers with significantly higher final BW when compared with the treatments not containing the complex (T1, T2, and T4). Moreover, the mortality-adjusted FCR (adjusted FCR) was significantly better in T1, T3, and T5 compared with T2 and T4. Birds fed the PC (T1) had significantly lower feed intake than those in all other treatments. There was no effect on mortality (%) among treatments. Tibia ash was statistically lower in T4 than for all other treatments. On the basis of these results, typical commercial sorghum-SBM broiler diets reformulated at −85 kcal/kg of AMEn, −1.5% CP, −1.5% amino acids, −0.153% of available P, and −0.12% of Ca had a negative effect on broiler performance and tibia ash content compared with the performance of broilers fed the PC diet. The use of the multiple-enzyme complex reestablished broiler performance equivalent to that of the PC.