Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Micro bubble dynamics in DNA solutions

Micro bubble generation and its subsequent dynamic behavior in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) solutions are presented in this paper. A micro vapor bubble was generated in ssDNA using a micro bubble actuator, which is capable of producing periodic and stable single vapor bubbles under pulse heating. The growth and collapse of the micro vapor bubble were visualized by a high-speed CCD camera, and the bubble dynamics was investigated at different ssDNA concentrations and under various pulse widths. It was observed that an increase in the ssDNA concentration led to an increase of the electric power required for incipient bubble nucleation. Based on thermodynamics considerations and a simple model for nucleus formation in ssDNA solution, an analysis of bubble nucleation work was carried out and the results are consistent with experimental data. It is found that the bubble dynamics in ssDNA solutions is different from that in DI water, and an obvious retardation effect on the motion of the micro bubble was observed at high ssDNA concentrations. Based on Zimm's model, the effect of ssDNA macromolecules on the total viscosity of the solution is revealed. The present study indicates that polymer properties can significantly influence bubble nucleation and the subsequent evolution of bubble dynamics, owing to hydrodynamic intermolecular interactions of polymer macromolecules.
Monte Carlo simulation of the order–disorder transition of a symmetric cyclic diblock copolymer system

The microphase separation of symmetric cyclic diblock copolymer with decreasing temperature is simulated using the Monte Carlo method. In order to investigate the effect of the ring-shape chain architecture on order–disorder transition (ODT), the microphase separation of the cyclic diblock copolymer is compared with that of a symmetric linear diblock copolymer with the same chain length. For both systems, the ODT is observed as a first-order transition, and the ordered structure formed through the ODT is lamellar. The ratio of the domain spacing in the cyclic diblock copolymer to that in the linear one is 0.7 at the ODT, and the scattering intensity of the former is weaker than that of the latter. The ring-shape chain architecture suppresses the random thermal force, so that the cyclic diblock copolymer still shows a mean-field behavior at the temperature at which the linear diblock copolymer does not obey the mean-field prediction. The value of (χeffN)ODT of the linear diblock copolymer is calculated to .
Three essays on the economics of cybersecurity

The rapid growth of digitization has made cybersecurity a critical area for corporations, markets, and governments. The rise in cybersecurity investments and sweeping changes in the regulatory environment raise new economic questions – related to the impacts of cybersecurity investments, innovations, and legislation – that are yet to be answered. Focusing on the limited supply of cybersecurity labor, which has fallen behind the large demand for cybersecurity, Essay 1 studies how cybersecurity labor impacts the value of major infrastructural cyber investments. Moving beyond the ways to leverage cyberinfrastructure and labor, Essay 2 sheds light on the impact of the increasing pressure to pursue development and innovation in the cybersecurity area. This essay examines the bottom-line value of a prevalent type of innovative initiatives, i.e., corporate venture capital (CVC) investment in cybersecurity startups. Essays 1 and 2 heavily focus on the value proposition of cybersecurity investments in corporations. While both essays consider the cybersecurity legislation as exogenous variations instigating further demand for cybersecurity products and innovations, Essay 3 links a widely-adopted cybersecurity law, i.e., security breach notification law (SBNL), to the broader economic demand for general IT services. Compliance costs of cybersecurity legislation raise the barrier for general digitization initiatives, thus decreasing the demand for digitization and negatively impact general IT service providers, the main suppliers of digital goods and services. A difference-in-difference study examines how passages of SBNLs impact the employment of general IT service providers. Overall, the dissertation highlights a) the importance of cybersecurity labor in leveraging cybersecurity infrastructure, b) the business value of innovation in cybersecurity as an area that is predominantly believed to be costly but not value-generating, and c) the broader economic impacts of cybersecurity legislation. In doing so, the dissertation covers a wide range of institutional entities that both shape and are impacted by the cybersecurity ecosystem.
Sugarcane Leaf Nutrient Concentrations: With or Without Midrib Tissue

Abstract The literature on sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.) leaf-nutrient composition usually reports values either with (W) or without (WO) the midrib tissue, but not for both. The removal of the midrib adds an extra step to the sampling process. The effects of sampling time (May and October) and method (W and WO midrib) on leaf-blade nutrient concentration of cultivar CP 78-1628 were investigated on a Margate sand (siliceous, hyperthermic Mollic Psammaquents) in a split-plot randomized complete block design. The presence of the midrib resulted in decreased concentrations of nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) in the leaf sample to varying degrees, but increased concentration of potassium (K). Simple correlation coefficients between samples analyzed W and WO the midrib were ≥0.75 for P, Ca, Mg, and Mn in May. The percent-errors of predicting WO midrib values from W midrib values were greater than 20 when tested with published data. Although differences between W and WO midrib were verified for sugarcane leaf-nutrient compositions, at this time it is not possible to predict WO nutrient concentration from W data. When reporting sugarcane leaf-nutrient values, therefore, a statement on the sampling method with regard to the midrib must be included. Estimated differences between sugarcane leaf-nutrient concentrations W and WO midrib values were ≥10.0, ≥1.0, and ≤1.2 g kg− 1 for N, P, and K, respectively, when W midrib leaf-nutrient concentrations were lower than the published critical W midrib value. This result shows that it will be important for sugarcane growers and researchers to use the appropriate critical value (WO or W midrib) for N and P, but not for K.
Verification of the Calixcrown Process for Partitioning Cesium from High-Level Liquid Waste (HLLW)

The partitioning of cesium from Chinese HLLW having a high-salt content resulting from PUREX processing is an emerging choice for its further treatment or disposal. In this work, the process of partitioning cesium from the HLLW by 25,27-bis(2-propyloxy)calix[4]arene-26,28-crown-6 (iPr-C[4]C-6) is introduced, including cold and hot cascade testing using a miniature centrifugal contactor and pilot-scale cold testing using pulse extraction columns. The results show that the calixcrown process is promising for partitioning cesium from Chinese HLLW.
The Effect of Mandatory Front-Of-Package Nutrition Warning Labels on Demand for foods ‘High In’ Saturated Fat, Sugar, and/or Sodium

THE EFFECT OF MANDATORY FRONT-OF-PACKAGE NUTRITION WARNING LABELS ON DEMAND FOR FOODS ‘HIGH IN’ SATURATED FAT, SUGAR, AND/OR SODIUM Laura Stortz University of Guelph, 2020 Advisor: Dr. Yu Na Lee Co-Advisor: Dr. Michael Von Massow The Canadian Federal Government has proposed mandatory Front-of-Package labels to deter purchases of foods ‘high in’ sugar, sodium, and/or saturated fat. This research uses an incentivecompatible design to evaluate the effectiveness of warning labels on reducing the likelihood that ‘high in’ foods are purchased. 201 participants, with a focus on including marginalized groups, shopped in a mock grocery store. The treatment group had a reduced likelihood of purchasing 'high in' items overall. In the treatment group, both the number of ‘high in’ items (-12%) and the proportion of 'high in' items (-6%) per basket were reduced. Difference in effectiveness was observed based on the perceived healthfulness of the category. Notably, the label decreased likelihood of purchasing ‘high in’ juice (-43.5%), tomato sauce (-12%), and chocolate milk (-50%). The average grams per serving-size of sugar (-36%) and sodium (-27%) per basket were reduced for low-income participants in the treatment group.
Preparation, characterization and thermodynamic properties of Zr-containing Cl-bearing layered double hydroxides (LDHs)

Abstract Zr-containing layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with variable xZrsolid = Zr/(Zr + Al) mole fractions were synthesized by a co-precipitation method at ambient conditions. The chemical compositions of samples and corresponding aqueous solutions after syntheses were analyzed by ICP-OES, EDX (Mg, Al, Zr) and ion chromatography (Cl–). Results of PXRD technique demonstrated that solids with 0 ≤ xZrsolid ≤ 0.5 show only X-ray reflexes typical for pure LDH compositions, while products of syntheses with xZrsolid > 0.5 display additional patterns attributed to brucite. ICP-OES and EDX techniques shown that in pure Zr-containing LDHs the Mg/(Al + Zr) ratio is reducing with increase of xZrsolid and the stoichiometry of brucite-like layers corresponds to [Mg3–2xAl1–xZrx]. This fact may indicate that the incorporation of 1 Zr-containing specie results in the removal of 1 Al- and 2 Mg-containing species from the pure Mg-Al-composition. Such mechanism may be confirmed by the observation that measured a0 = b0 distances are generally consistent with theoretical estimates obtained from [Mg3–2xAl1–xZrx]-stoichiometry. The presence of predominant Mg2+, Al(OH)4– and Zr(OH)5– complexes in aqueous solutions after syntheses was established in thermodynamic calculations by applying GEMS-Selektor v.3. code and, therefore, the reaction: Mg3Al1(OH)8Cl1 + Zr(OH)5– = Mg1Zr1(OH)5Cl1 + Al(OH)4– + 2 Mg2+ + 4 OH– can describe a mechanism of Zr-substitution. Estimates of the molar Gibbs free energies of Zr-containing LDHs with 0 ≤ xZrsolid ≤ 0.5 show that the incorporation of Zr into the LDH increasing significantly their aqueous solubility. Thus, it is not possible to neglect that Zr can be partly localized as Zr(OH)5–-ligands in the interlayer space of the LDH structure.
Discovery of a Robust and Efficient Homogeneous Silver(I) Catalyst for the Cycloaddition of Azides onto Terminal Alkynes

A highly efficient, chemically stable, and well-defined homogeneous silver(I) catalyst is reported for the cycloaddition of azides onto terminal alkynes (Ag-AAC reaction). The Ag-AAC reaction occurs at room temperature or with heating to deliver exclusively the corresponding 1,4-triazole. A pronounced ligand effect was discovered through systematic modification to the ligand structure resulting in the discovery of a chemically stable active catalyst for this reaction.
Calculations of equilibrium concentration of mono- and polynuclear hydroxyaluminium species at different pH and total aluminium concentrations

Berechnungen der Gleichgewichtskonzentrationen von mono- und polynuclearen Hydroxy-Al-Formen bei unterschiedlichen pH-Werten und Al-Gesamtkonzentrationen Es wurde ein mathematisches Modell der Hydrolyse von Aluminium-Ionen in wasriger Losung aufgestellt. Das Modell setzt chemisches Gleichgewicht voraus. Die Berechnungen erfolgten auf der Grundlage von veroffentlichten Gleichgewichtskonstanten mit Hilfe numerischer Verfahren. Die angenommenen pH-Werte und Gesamtkonzentrationen an Aluminium wurden in bestimmten Grenzen variiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: I Die relativen Konzentrationen der verschiedenen Al-Formen hangen bei gegebenem pH von der Al-Gesamtkonzentration ab. II Im mittleren pH-Bereich (4–7) in masig konzentrierten Losungen (pAl = 4.5) dominieren die beiden polynuclearen Formen Al7(OH)174+ und Al13(OH)>345+. III Bei Al-Gesamtkonzentrationen von 10−6 mol/l ist Al3+ vorherrschend bis zu pH4, bei 10−3 mol/l aber nur bis pH3. IV Die neutrale Form Al(OH)30 ist nur in verdunnten Al-Losungen (pAl = 6) von Bedeutung. Dieses Modell zusammen mit den verwendeten Gleichgewichtskonstanten hebt die Bedeutung polynuclearer Formen bei pH 5 in verdunnten Losungen und von pH 3 bis pH 9 in mehr konzentrierten Losungen hervor. Gultiges kann allerdings nur ausgesagt werden, wenn hinreichend genaue Angaben uber die Gleichgewichtskonstanten zur Verfugung stehen. Es musten auch alle stabilen Al-Formen, deren Existenz gezeigt werden kann, mit den entsprechenden Gleichgewichtskonstanten in die Berechnung einbezogen werden.
Total Energy Calculations of RfCl4 and Homologues in the Framework of Relativistic Density Functional Theory

Calculations of total and binding energies of group IV tetrachlorides MCl4 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf, and element 104, Rf) were performed using the four-component fully relativistic density functional method. The calculations show the binding energies to be in good agreement with thermochemical dissociation energies obtained via the Born−Haber cycle. The method therefore demonstrates a predictive power which is important for further applications in the area of the heavy element compounds.
Viscous Flow Past a Random Array of Spheres

The steady, slow motion of a viscous fluid past a random, uniform array of identical nonoverlapping finite spheres is studied. The expected force F acting on any given sphere is obtained by averaging over the ensemble of possible positions of all other spheres. It is shown that, if the Stokes equations hold in the fluid, then for small particle volume concentration c, F has an expansion of the form F=[ 1 + (3 / 2) c1/2 + (135/64)c logc ] F0 + cD · F0 + 0 (c3/2logc), where F0 is the Stokes force on a single isolated sphere in the same flow and D is a tensor which is given in terms of the two‐sphere distribution function for the array and the Stokes solution for two spheres oriented arbitrarily in an unbounded flow. A physical model for the solution is presented and compared with the model of Brinkman.
Integrating the 4Cs into EFL Integrated Skills Learning

The accelerative globalization and digitalization in the 21st century have been growingly changing the way we live, interact, learn and work. Consequently, to thrive in the 21st century, besides knowledge and the basic skills, today’s students should also be equipped with what is called the 4Cs (communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity). To meet the challenges, EFL classrooms should not merely focus on students’ language skills development but also integrate the 4Cs into the learning process. This article reviews current ideas and research findings on integrated skills learning, the 4Cs, significance of blended learning in the 4Cs and integrated skills the integration, and offers practical tips for integrating the 4Cs into integrated skills learning.
Transesterification of Sunflower Oil in Microreactors

Abstract KOH catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil using methanol has been studied in different types of microreactors. All the microreactors consist of a serpentine microchannel etched in a glass chip but have different types of microfluidic junctions (dispersing devices). First microreactor consists of a T-type microfluidic junction. The second microreactor has a †-type microfluidic junction. The third microreactor uses a split and recombine micromixer to generate the dispersion. Effects of temperature, flow rate, and feed molar ratio on the conversion of triglyceride (TG) have been studied. In some cases, conversion of TG is not found to change monotonically with change in flow rate. An attempt has been made to explain this seemingly unusual trend, and the explanations are substantiated using the liquid–liquid two-phase flow patterns observed using a high-speed image acquisition system. The results from the experiments conducted in this study indicate that it is possible to get very high TG conversion (>90%) with residence time less than a minute.
Biomimetic Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Coatings for Titanium Implants. II. Biological "In Vitro" and "In Vivo" Characterization

Biological mineralization proceeds within an organic matrix and is induced and controlled by extracellular, highly acidic matrix macromolecules. Our group has recently prepared organic-inorganic nanocomposite coatings by a strategy that closely mimics these processes. The strategy involves depositing a matrix of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PE MLs), alternating with layers of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) particles, then "in situ" growing nanosized apatite crystals within that matrix [1, 2]. Here we describe the results of biological "in vitro" and "in vivo" testing of these materials.
Acceleration Effects of Microbial Inoculum on Palm Oil Mill Organic Waste Composting

The acceleration effects of inoculum in composting of empty fruit bunches were investigated. Composting of empty fruit bunches fibres in two sizes, 4 cm and 2 cm length, were treated with microbial inoculum consisting of Agromonas, Aspergillus, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Chaetomium, Clostridium, Coprinus, Microbispora, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Thermoactinomyces, Trichoderma and Trichurus in separate laboratory scale in-vessel of 30 liters volume. A control without inoculum with 4 cm length empty fruit bunches was also conducted in parallel. The compost piles were shift-turned weekly. Parameters such as moisture content, temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity were used to monitor the composting processes. The carbon-nitrogen ratio, UV-vis spectrophotometer test, and germination test were used to assess the maturity of compost. The results showed that the inoculum was effective in reducing the C/N ratio by 54% compared to control 46% and rapidly increasing the UV-vis absorption ratio in first three weeks.By using functional microbes, the composting of empty fruit bunches was reduced to 5 weeks compared to 9 weeks for those without inoculation. The acceleration effect was more prominent for the 2 cm length samples.
Measurements of mass flux in a turbulent liquid flow with a chemical reaction

An original technique for simultaneous measurements of concentration and velocity in a turbulent liquid flow with and without a chemical reaction is developed by combining a two-component He-Ne laser Doppler velocimeter with a Ar+ laserinduced fluorescence technique. The mass flux and eddy diffusivity of mass are estimated from the simultaneous measurements of concentration and velocity in a liquid shear-free mixing layer downstream of a turbulence grid. The results show that the present measuring technique enables us to simultaneously measure velocity and concentration with high resolutions and that the approximation of the mean gradient diffusion causes about 10% error in estimating the mass flux in a reacting liquid flow.
Impact des changements climatiques sur la répartition et la diversité génétique des serpents Iraniens, implications pour la conservation

Situe a la convergence entre trois empires biogeographiques, l’Iran est largement connu pour la grande diversite de sa flore et de sa faune. Par ailleurs, la relation entre la niche climatique et la biogeographie historique est une des cles permettant de comprendre les patrons actuels de distribution et d’endemisme. C’est aussi un element central pour estimer la vulnerabilite des especes au changement climatique actuel et sa prise en compte dans les strategies de conservation est encore plus critique pour les reptiles de montagne dont les capacites de dispersion sont reduites. La these a eu pour objectif d’etudier l’influence de l’histoire evolutive et des changements climatiques sur la structure et la repartition de plusieurs especes de serpents distribues dans deux points chauds de la biodiversite en Iran, le Caucase et l'Irano-Anatolie. L’analyse phylogeographique a ete realisee sur trois especes (Gloydius halys caucasicus, Natrix tessellata and Hemorrhois ravergieri) sur la base de sequences mitochondriales et nucleaires. Une forte structuration genetique a ete mise en evidence avec quatre lignees observees pour G. h. caucasicus, trois lignees pour N. tessellata et cinq lignees pour H. ravergieri. Les analyses de datation moleculaire et de biogeographie historique indiquent que les lignees iraniennes sont apparues entre 11 Mya et 0.63 Mya, ce qui indique une influence des oscillations paleo-climatiques du Quaternaire (derniers 2.8 Mya) mais aussi d’evenements plus anciens (aridification intense a 9-10 Mya ou crise messinienne a 5 Mya). La repartition de sept especes de serpents des montagnes iraniennes a ete modelisee en utilisant des modeles de distribution des especes pour des conditions climatiques actuelles et futures (2070, moyenne de 2061 a 2080) afin d’identifier les zones favorables a chacune des especes. Nos resultats prevoient un deplacement important, surtout altitudinal, des zones climatiquement adaptees aux especes de serpents montagnards. Sur cette base, les resultats obtenus suggerent que la repartition des especes subira des changements a long terme qui devraient considerablement s’accelerer sous l’effet des pressions anthropiques. Sur la base de nos resultats concernant la diversite genetique, la future repartition et la definition d’unites evolutives significatives parmi les taxons etudies, les enjeux en matiere de conservation sont discutes en relation avec l’efficacite du reseau actuel d’aires protegees en Iran.
Risk Factors of Pneumonia in Children under Five in Lewoleba Hospital, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Background: Pneumonia is an infection of the res­piratory system, especially the lungs, which is associated with increased fluid in the alveoli fol­low­ed by fever and rapid breathing. Under-five pne­u­monia sufferers in Indonesia in 2017 reach­ed 447,431 cases (46.34%) and caused death in 1,3­51 under-five sufferers. The study aim­ed to determine the risk factors for the inci­dences of pneu­monia in children at Regional Public Hos­pi­tal of Lewoleba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sec­tio­nal study conducted at the Lewoleba Regional Hos­pital in 2020. The population of the study was 1,023 toddlers. This study used purposive samp­ling to select a sample of 126 toddlers. The depen­dent variable of this study was pneumonia. The independent variable of this study was the history of asthma. Data were collected by a ques­­tion­naire and analyzed by a multiple logis­tic regressions. Results: Had history of asthma and cigarette smoke exposure increased the risk of pneumonia (p<0.001). Conclusion: Has history of asthma and ciga­rette smoke exposure increased the risk of pneu­monia. Child­­ren with a history of asthma have a risk of hav­­i­ng respiratory disorders, impaired mucus and ciliated cell integrity, and decreased local and sys­temic humoral / cellular immunity. Keyword s : pneumonia, history of asthma, children under five Correspondence: Nikosius Dae Sory Wutun, Universitas Negeri Nusa Cendana Kupang. Jl.Adisucipto Penfui, Ku­pang, NTT. nichosiusdae94@gmail.com, 0823­40­482420 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2020), 05(02): 218-226 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2020. 05.02. 09