Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Weight Gain, Oxygen Consumption Rate, and Growth Efficiency in Juvenile Red‐Claw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus

Abstract. — Weight gain and metabolic rates, as determined by oxygen consumption rates, were examined in juvenile Australian red-claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus exposed to different temperatures (16–32 C in 2 C increments) or salinities (0–30 ppt in 5 ppt increments). Mean weight gain, molting frequency, and survival (%) were dependent on temperature and salinity. In freshwater (0 ppt), maximal weight gain and molting frequency were observed at 28 C with maximal survival observed over the temperature range of 24–30 C. Metabolic rates in freshwater were temperature dependent (mean Q10= 2.44). Maximal weight gain and molting frequency were observed at salinities of 0 and 5 ppt (28 C); however, survival was reduced at salinities ≥ 5 ppt. Metabolic rates were not salinity dependent and did not differ significantly over the salinity range from 0–20 ppt. Growth efficiencies, calculated by dividing weight gain by total metabolic energy expenditure (i.e., weight gain + metabolic rate), were highest at a temperature of 20 C (0 ppt) and at salinities of 0 and 5 ppt (28 C). These data suggest that, at higher culture temperatures, maximal weight gain of red-claw juveniles may be reduced when food resources are limited. Maximal weight gain, at optimal temperatures (28 C) with unlimited food supply, does not appear to be effected by low salinity conditions. Because of the potential commercial value of red-claw, culturists, should be aware of the relationship between environmental condition and metabolic energy requirements to ensure maximal weight gain and survival of juveniles.
Molecular Characterization of a Cephamycin-Hydrolyzing and Inhibitor-Resistant Class A β-Lactamase, GES-4, Possessing a Single G170S Substitution in the Ω-Loop

ABSTRACT The nosocomial spread of six genetically related Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing GES-type β-lactamases was found in a neonatal intensive care unit, and we previously reported that one of the six strains, strain KG525, produced a new β-lactamase, GES-3. In the present study, the molecular mechanism of cephamycin resistance observed in strain KG502, one of the six strains described above, was investigated. This strain was found to produce a variant of GES-3, namely, GES-4, which was responsible for resistance to both cephamycins (cefoxitin MIC, >128 μg/ml) and β-lactamase inhibitors (50% inhibitory concentration of clavulanic acid, 15.2 ± 1.7 μM). The GES-4 enzyme had a single G170S substitution in the Ω-loop region compared with the GES-3 sequence. This single amino acid substitution was closely involved with the augmented hydrolysis of cephamycins and carbapenems and the decreased affinities of β-lactamase inhibitors to GES-4. A cloning experiment and sequencing analysis revealed that strain KG502 possesses duplicate blaGES-4 genes mediated by two distinct class 1 integrons with similar gene cassette configurations. Moreover, the genetic environments of the blaGES-4 genes found in strain KG502 were almost identical to that of blaGES-3 in strain KG525. From these findings, these two phenotypically different strains were suggested to belong to a clonal lineage. The blaGES-4 gene found in strain KG502 might well emerge from a point mutation in the blaGES-3 gene harbored by its ancestor strains, such as strain KG525, under heavy antibiotic stress in order to acquire extended properties of resistance to cephamycins and carbapenems.
Old World Lonchaeids of the Genus Silba Macquart (= Carpolonchaea Bezzi), with Descriptions of Six New Species (Diptera: Lonchaeidae)

Many species of the genus Silba Macquart (= Carpolonchaea Bezzi) are important pests of fruits and vegetables during their larval stages but taxonomically the adults are poorly known. Representatives of 15 species of the genus from widely separated localities in the Old World have come to hand during studies on the family. This paper clarifies the identities of the males of these 15 species, six being described as new to science.
Whole‐lake mineralization of allochthonous and autochthonous organic carbon in a large humic lake (örträsket, N. Sweden)

Organic carbon mineralization was studied in a large humic lake (Lake Ortrasket) in northern Sweden during a well‐defined summer stratification period following high water flow during snowmelt. Several independent methods including plankton counts, measurements of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton production, stable isotope monitoring, sediment trapping, and mass balance calculations were used. Total organic carbon mineralization showed a summer mean of 0.3 g C m−2 d−1 and was partitioned about equally between water and sediment. In the water column, organic matter was mineralized by bacteria (60%) and protozoan and metazoan zooplankton (30%), as well as by photooxidation (10%). Most of the mineralized organic carbon was of allochthonous origin. Primary production in the lake contributed at most 5% of the total organic carbon input and about 20% of the total organic carbon mineralization. Total carbon mineralization in the epilimnion and metalimnion agreed well with an estimate of CO2 evasion from the stratified lake, while CO2 accumulation in the hypolimnion matched the O2 consumption and resulted in a very negative dδ13C of DIC before autumn overturn (−23‰). Isotopic compositions of DIC and POC confirmed the dominant influence of terrestrial organic input on the cycling of both organic and inorganic carbon in the lake.
The Application of New Software Tools to Quantitative Protein Profiling Via Isotope-coded Affinity Tag (ICAT) and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Proteomic approaches to biological research that will prove the most useful and productive require robust, sensitive, and reproducible technologies for both the qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex protein mixtures. Here we applied the isotope-coded affinity tag (ICAT) approach to quantitative protein profiling, in this case proteins that copurified with lipid raft plasma membrane domains isolated from control and stimulated Jurkat human T cells. With the ICAT approach, cysteine residues of the two related protein isolates were covalently labeled with isotopically normal and heavy versions of the same reagent, respectively. Following proteolytic cleavage of combined labeled proteins, peptides were fractionated by multidimensional chromatography and subsequently analyzed via automated tandem mass spectrometry. Individual tandem mass spectrometry spectra were searched against a human sequence database, and a variety of recently developed, publicly available software applications were used to sort, filter, analyze, and compare the results of two repetitions of the same experiment. In particular, robust statistical modeling algorithms were used to assign measures of confidence to both peptide sequences and the proteins from which they were likely derived, identified via the database searches. We show that by applying such statistical tools to the identification of T cell lipid raft-associated proteins, we were able to estimate the accuracy of peptide and protein identifications made. These tools also allow for determination of the false positive rate as a function of user-defined data filtering parameters, thus giving the user significant control over and information about the final output of large-scale proteomic experiments. With the ability to assign probabilities to all identifications, the need for manual verification of results is substantially reduced, thus making the rapid evaluation of large proteomic datasets possible. Finally, by repeating the experiment, information relating to the general reproducibility and validity of this approach to large-scale proteomic analyses was also obtained.
'Rotundifolia' Holly Growth and Nitrogen Accumulation Influenced by Supraoptimal Root-zone Temperatures

Ilex crenata Thunb. 'Rotundifolia' grown in sand culture with the root zone at 40C for 6 hours daily had smaller root and shoot dry weights after 6 weeks than plants grown with root zones at 28 or 34C. Root and shoot N accumulation (milligrams N per gram of dry weight) decreased when root-zone temperatures were increased from 28 to 40C and plants were fertilized twice dally with either 75, 150, or 225 mg N/liter. Nitrogen application rates of 150 or 225 mg·liter -1 resulted in increased root and shoot N accumulation for plants grown with root zones at either 28, 34, or 40C compared with the 75 mg N/liter treatment. Increased N fertilization rates did not alleviate reduced plant growth due to the high root-zone temperature.
Gastronationalism

By developing the concept of “gastronationalism,” this article challenges conceptions of the homogenizing forces of globalism. I analyze (1) the ways in which food production, distribution, and consumption can demarcate and sustain the emotive power of national attachment and (2) how nationalist sentiments, in turn, can shape the production and marketing of food. The multi-methodological analyses reveal how the construct of gastronationalism can help us better understand pan-national tensions in symbolic boundary politics—politics that protect certain foods and industries as representative of national cultural traditions. I first analyze the macro-level dimensions of market protections by examining the European Union’s program for origin-designation labels that delineates particular foods as nationally owned. The micro-level, empirical case—the politics surrounding foie gras in France—demonstrates how gastronationalism functions as a protectionist mechanism within lived experience. Foie gras is an especially relevant case because other parties within the pan-national system consider it morally objectionable. Contemporary food politics, beyond the insights it affords into symbolic boundary politics, speaks to several arenas of sociological interest, including markets, identity politics, authenticity and culture, and the complexities of globalization.
Production Response of Lactating Dairy Cows to Whole Cottonseed with Elevated Concentrations of Free Fatty Acids in the Oil

ABSTRACT Three hundred lactating Holstein cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square trial to determine the impact of feeding whole cottonseed with different concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) in the oil. Treatments included whole cottonseed with low (10.7% FFA, LO), high (35.5% FFA, HI) or a 50:50 blend of LO and HI (23.1% FFA, MED). Whole cottonseed provided 8.5% of the total dietary DM in the experimental diets, which were fed to each pen of 100 cows. Cows were assigned to each pen by parity, days in milk, and milk yield. The DMI and milk yield were similar for all treatments and averaged 27.5 and 39.9 kg/d, respectively. Milk fat percentage and yield were lower for cows fed diets containing HI (2.87% and 1.14 kg/d) compared with LO (3.02% and 1.21 kg/d) and MED (3.13% and 1.26 kg/d). No differences were observed in percentage or yield of milk protein among treatments, which averaged 2.97% and 1.18 kg/d, respectively. Yield of energy corrected milk was lowest for HI, reflecting the reduced yield of milk fat. Concentrations of milk urea N were lower for LO compared with HI. Results of this trial indicated that feeding whole cottonseed with elevated FFA does not negatively impact DMI or milk yield of lactating dairy cows although reduced milk fat percentage and increased milk urea N concentrations are possible.
Seasonal and monthly variations of protein content in the muscle of fish Schizothorax esocinus

Schizothorax esocinus (Chirruh snow barbell) Heckel, 1838 a key and freshwater species in the valley of Kashmir and is now endangered one. This study is to evaluate seasonal and monthly changes in protein content of muscle tissue and was studied over a period of twelve months from January 2011-Febuary 2012. Remarkable variation in protein content of muscle tissues of S. esocinus has been analyzed during the study period. The protein content of fish species showed increased level in summer season (28%) and lowest percentage in winter season (10%), attaining peak values in July (35%) and minimum value in December (0.08%). The results indicate that the protein content of the fish depends on season but also to a great extent in reaction to food and reproductive cycle. The present study is the first to describe the seasonal variation in the protein content of muscle of Schizothorax esocinus from the Kashmir Valley.
Dry Matter Content and Stability of Carotenoids in Kale and Spinach During Drying

Drying of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.) is required to determine percentage of dry matter (%DM) and pigment concentration of fresh leaves. 'Melody' spinach and 'Winterbor' kale were greenhouse- grown in hydroponic nutrient solutions containing 13 or 105 mgL -1 N. Using vacuum freeze dryers and convection ovens, plant tissues were dried for 120 h at five different temperature treatments: 1) freeze drying at -25 8C; 2) freeze drying at 0 8C; 3) vacuum drying at +25 8C; 4) oven drying at +50 8C; and 5) oven drying at +75 8C. Spinach leaf tissue %DM was affected, but kale %DM was unaffected by drying temperature. Spinach and kale leaf tissue %DM were both affected by N level. The high N spinach decreased from 7.3 to 6.4%DM when drying temperature increased from +25 to +75 8C. The low N spinach decreased from 12.7 to 9.6%DM as the drying temperature increased from -25 to +50 8C. Kale averaged from 14.8%DM for the high N treatment and from 21.8%DM for the low N treatment. However, drying temperature did not have a significant impact on measured %DM in kale. Lutein, b-carotene, and chlorophyll levels for both spinach and kale leaf tissue were affected by drying temperature. Measured concentrations of all pigments decreased over 70% as the drying temperature increased from -25 to 75 8C. The largest pigment fresh and dry weight concentrations for spinach and kale were measured at drying temperatures below +25 8C. The spinach and kale samples dried between -25 and +25 8C were not significantly different from each other in %DM or pigment concentration measured on a dry or fresh weight basis. Thus, drying leaf tissue for accurate pigment analysis requires temperatures below +25 8C using vacuum or freeze drying technology.
Prevalence of canine Dirofilaria immitis infection in the city of Algiers, Algeria.

Heartworm disease is caused by Dirofilaria immitis a zoonotic, vector-borne parasite and one of the most pathogenic nematode parasites of the dog. The epidemiological status of this parasitosis in Algeria stays to this day unknown even though this country has the ideal biotope to the development of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of D. immitis infection in dogs from Algiers, in the north of Algeria. Blood samples were collected from 184 dogs from November 2006 to September 2007 and were examined by the modified Knott method to detect circulating microfilaria. A total of 34 subjects were microfilaria positive, giving a prevalence value of 18.48%. All the samples were further tested by antigen-ELISA in order to detect dogs with prepatent or occult heartworm infections. The prevalence rose to 24.46% (with 45 seropositives dogs). More male (14.13%) than female (10.33%) dogs were affected in this study, although there was no significant difference between both groups. With regard to general health status, our datashowed a high prevalence of 18.48% of asymptomatic carriers of the parasite D. immitis, only 5.98% of the positive samples were from unhealthy dogs. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). This first report on the status of D. Immitisinfection in domestic dogs in Algiers, suggests that heartworm treatment and adequate prophylaxis should be undertaken to control D. Immitis infection in the canine population of Algiers city in Algeria. Key words: Dirofilaria immitis, prevalence, ELISA, sexe distribution, dogs, Algiers.
Fall Frost Effects on the Essential Oil of ‘Native’ Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) in Wyoming

Native' spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) is a widely grown essential oil crop worldwide and in the midwest in the United States. There is interest in expanding spearmint production to Wyoming and other states. However, there is no information to determine if spearmint would perform well under the Wyoming high-altitude and short- growing season and if its productivity and oil quality would be affected by fall frosts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fall frosts at the end of the cropping season on 'Native' spearmint productivity and oil profile. Spearmint plants were harvested at the following harvest dates (HDs): 14 Sept. , 21 Sept. , 28 Sept. , 5 Oct., 12 Oct., 24 Oct., and 1 Nov. 2011. The HDs were selected to coincide with the fall frosts in northern Wyoming. Indeed, during that time, frost occurred on the following dates: 21 Sept. , 10 Oct., 13 Oct., 15 Oct., 19 Oct., 20 Oct., 24 Oct., 25 Oct., 26 Oct., 27 Oct., 28 Oct., 29 Oct., 30 Oct., 31 Oct., and 1 Nov. 2011. The first heavy snow occurred on 3 Nov. Fresh herbage yields were higher at the 1 Nov. HD relative to the 14 Sept. HD, whereas the yields at the other HD were not significantly different. Generally, the oil content was high at 14 Sept. , 21 Sept. , and 5 Oct. HD and low at the 24 Oct. and 1 Nov. HD. Carvone concentration (42% to 75% range) in the oil reached a maximum at the 12 Oct. HD. The concentration of limonene was low at the first HD (14 Sept.) and higher at the other HDs. The yield of carvone (a function of the fresh herbage yields, oil content, and the concentration of carvone in the oil) was high at the 12 Oct. HD and low at the other HDs. In the spring of 2012, spearmint emerged in late April and was unaffected by the Wyoming winter or by the early spring frosts. This preliminary study suggests 'Native' spearmint may be a viable crop for northern Wyoming at elevation of '1170 m.
Incidence of lessepsian migrants on landings of the artisanal fishery of south Lebanon

In the last decade, a growing amount of evidence incorporated by several authors as signals of global changes, defined a trend of expansion of thermophilic species in the Mediterranean. This phenomenon is markedly shown by the spread of some non-indigenous fish beyond their natural limits and by their success in the new colonized areas. The incidence of those non-indigenous fish in the catch composition of artisanal fishery of Tyre (South Lebanon) was investigated for the first time using both official data and daily landing site surveys. The explored fleet consisted of 250 small vessels (4–10 m length) with old and not very powerful engines, and about 400–550 fishermen at the end of 2005. Most of the fleet used different types of bottom standing gear, such as trammel nets, set gillnets and bottom longlines, whereas purse seines and other fishing gear (floating longlines, traps) were used less frequently. Landing was composed by a great number of species, many of which were Lessepsian migrants. We recorded a total of 25 Lessepsian species, representing 17 families and composing 37% of the total landing by weight. Some of these non-indigenous species have become important components of local fisheries in the area.
Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in Libyan fish

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), such as DDT and their metabolites, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) (sum of o,p_and p,p_DDT, DDD, and DDE is designated as DDTs), and hexachlorocyclohexanes ([HCHs]; including -HCH, the major constituent [60%] of the technical mixture; -HCH, with the highest toxicity and accumulation potential for ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 10 (2014) pp. 198-212 http://www.ijcmas. com
Influence of sonication and high hydrostatic pressure on the quality of carrot juice

Summary The combined effects of ultrasound (US) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on enzymes, micro-organisms, colouring pigments, total polyphenols, ascorbic acid and physicochemical properties of carrot juice were investigated. Carrot juice was treated with sonication (20 kHz, 70% amplitude) and HHP (250, 350, 450 MPa) at room temperature for 10 min. For comparison, fresh carrots were water blanched (WB) at 100 °C for 4 min and carrot juice was then extracted. As results, highest improvements in colouring pigments were observed in WB and US-HHP450 treatments, which also completely inactivated micro-organisms. The highest reduction in enzymes was observed in WB treatment followed by US-HHP450. Total polyphenol contents increased significantly in US, HHP and US-HHP treatments with the highest increase in US-HHP450, but it decreased significantly in WB treatment. Ascorbic acid contents significantly decreased in WB and HHP450, while increased in US and US-HHP treatments. Results indicate that US-HHP450 treatment improves the quality of carrot juice and serves as a good alternative for blanching treatment.
Phylogenetics and Biogeography of Pieris (Lyonieae, Ericaceae) Inferred from Sequences of Nuclear and Chloroplast Genomes

Abstract Pieris is an eastern Asian (EA)-eastern North American (NA) disjunct genus with P. cubensis in the West Indies (WI). In this study, we inferred interspecific relationships using nucleotide sequences of the internal and external transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast genome (matK, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH). Pieris nana was sister to the rest of Pieris, i.e. Pieris subg. Pieris. The species of subg. Pieris diverged consecutively in the order of Pieris cubensis, P. swinhoei, P. floribunda, P. phillyreifolia, and P. formosa plus P. japonica. Neither section Phillyreoides nor section Pieris was monophyletic, and P. phillyreifolia of NA was more closely related to two of the EA species (P. formosa and P. japonica) than to the other NA species (P. floribunda). Morphological characters, such as inflorescence position, testa cell shape, and placenta attachment, used to define the sections were homoplasious. Dispersal and vicariance analyses suggested that ancestral populations of Pieris were widespread in the composite area of EA, NA, and WI, and two dispersal events may have occurred from the New World to the Old World. Pieris cubensis may have originated as the result of a dispersal event from the composite area of NA and EA during the early diversification of Pieris in the late Eocene.
Bird Populations on the Island of Tinian: Persistence Despite Wholesale Loss of Native Forests 1

Abstract: Bird habitat on the island of Tinian, Mariana Islands, has been substantially altered, and only around 5% of the island has native forest today. The modern bird fauna is likely to be a subset of the original avifauna where only species tolerant to native forest loss and human disturbance have survived. Avian surveys were conducted on the island in 2008 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to provide current densities and abundances of the remaining species, and assess population trends using data collected from previous surveys. During the three surveys (1982, 1996, and 2008), 18 species were detected, and abundances and trends were assessed for 11 species. Five of the nine native species and one alien bird have increased since 1982. Three native birds—Mariana Fruit-Dove (Ptilinopus roseicapilla), Micronesian Honeyeater (Myzomela rubratra), and Tinian Monarch (Monarcha takatsukasae)—have decreased since 1982. Trends for the remaining two birds (one native and one alien) were considered relatively stable. Only five birds, including the Tinian Monarch, showed significant differences among regions of Tinian by year. Increased development on Tinian may result in increases in habitat clearing and expansion of human-dominated habitats, and declines in some bird populations would likely continue or be exacerbated with these actions. Expanded development activities on Tinian would also mean increased cargo movement between Guam and Tinian, elevating the probability of transporting the Brown Tree Snake (Boiga irregularis) to Tinian, which would lead to precipitous decreases and extinctions.