Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioactive compounds intake in the Brazilian population: Trends and determinants of socioeconomic inequalities between 2008 and 2018

Objective The present study aims at evaluating trends and determinants of socioeconomic inequalities in consumption of bioactive compounds in representative sample of the Brazilian population the period from 2008–2009 to 2017–2018. Methods Data from two cross-sectional population-based surveys were analyzed in the study, using descriptive analysis and estimation of inequalities in consumption. Trends in polyphenol and carotenoid intake were estimated using food consumption data from National Dietary Survey (NDS) 2008–2009 (n = 34,003) and 2017–2018 (n = 46,164). Evolution and determinants of inequalities in bioactive compounds intake were identified using analysis of inequality based on concentration index. Results Consumption of total polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids and carotenoid classes (except for zeaxanthin) was significantly associated with per capita income after adjustment for potential confounders, being higher income associated with higher intake of bioactive compounds. Disaggregation of inequalities showed that education was the main factor associated with consumption of flavonoids, other polyphenols and β-cryptoxanthin in 2008–2009; whilst income was the main barrier to intake of polyphenols and carotenoids in 2017–2018. Conclusion Income level and educational attainment have been important determinants to inequalities in bioactive compounds intake in the Brazilian population throughout the period of analysis, being higher intake of bioactive compounds-rich foods and beverages associated with higher income.
Laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy in the treatment of urinary incontinence due to ectopy of the ureters in female dogs: A pilot study

Ureteral ectopia is rare and requires surgical treatment after a thorough diagnostic workup. Open surgical techniques for repositioning ectopic ureters have been known for many years and are well described in the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, no laparoscopic method of correcting this pathology has been described, which, in our opinion, would benefit the animal in terms of the healing process and overall clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of laparoscopic treatment of ureteral ectopia, which causes urinary incontinence in dogs. All of the operated ten dogs presented in this study were client-owned females with symptoms of urinary incontinence due to a unilateral intramural ectopic ureter. A three-trocar laparoscopic technique was used to perform the ureteroneocystostomy of the ectopic ureter. In this article, clinicopathological data, imaging features, procedural findings, complications, and short- and long-term outcomes are presented. The procedure was feasible in all cases. No major postoperative complications were observed. Among the minor complications, slight hematuria was observed in three dogs, which resolved spontaneously. In the period of at least one year after surgery, no negative impact of the procedure was observed. Seven of the ten operated dogs regained urinary continence. The remaining three dogs required additional surgery (urethral bulking) because of a lack of improvement after adjuvant pharmacological treatment. Overall, good-to-excellent long-term outcomes can be achieved; however, dogs that remain incontinent after laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy may require additional treatment.
A lithofacies study of the Peterborough Member, Oxford Clay Formation (Jurassic), UK: an example of sediment bypass in a mudstone succession

Thirteen samples from the Peterborough Member (Oxford Clay Formation, Middle Jurassic), from Quest Pit, Stewartby, central England, were examined in detail using a combination of optical microscopy and backscattered electron imagery. The majority of the samples were clay-rich mudstones, two were silt-rich mudstones and one was a muddy sandstone. The dominant components of these samples are fine-grained clays (illite, mixed layer illite/smectite, kaolinite) and amorphous organic matter; minor components include authigenic pyrite (framboidal and euhedral), silt-sized quartz grains, calcareous nannoplankton (mainly disarticulated coccolith plates) and a variety of early carbonate cements. Some of the mudstones were found also to contain abundant foraminifera. Temporal trends between samples in grain size, foraminiferal abundance and total organic carbon contents were observed. These mudstones were deposited in a shallow epeiric sea, where productivity was high and the bottom waters were oxic. Relative sea-level change, coupled to a lack of available accommodation space within the basin at low sea-level stands is invoked to explain the observed mudstone stacking patterns.
Litho-facies changes in Ewekoro limestone using Schlumberger geoelectric sounding technique

Geoelectric investigations of litho-facies changes in Ewekoro limestone were carried out using Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding technique to delineate the vertical and lateral limestone deposit based on maximum current electrode separation of 1.0 km. The data was interpreted using conventional partial curve-matching method and computer iteration technique. The surface lithology was composed of lateritic topsoil, clayey sand, sandstone, sand, clay/shale, limestone with sand, and fresh limestone with different litho-facies. Limestone distributions of different litho-facies, thickness from 15.1 and 89.8 m and resistivity values ranging from 10.4 to 100.0 kΩ-m were identified in sixty locations. Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 10(1&2) 2005: 42-52
Trace fossils of the bivalve panopea faujasi, pliocene, Rhodes, Greece

The large bivalve, Panopea faujasi Ménard de la Groye, 1807 is locally abundant in shallow marine sandy facies in Late Pliocene sediments of Rhodes, where it occurs in life position within its burrow. Several Panopea‐trace fossils were sectioned in a vertical plane and others in series of horizontal sections, in order to study them in detail. Morphology of the structures produced by different individuals varied greatly, and even neighbors at the same horizon were unalike in detail. All show retrusive, upward shift in accordance with sedimentary accretion, but some also show protrusive movement as a response to erosive phases. As a response to sedimentation, the bivalve dug its way upwards by moving terrigenous grains and skeletal material from above it to below. In cross section the outline is slightly oval to circular. The longest example of these retrusive structures was preserved to a length of 86 cm and had a diameter of about 15 to 20 cm. As the bivalve has a long lifespan, and burrows deeply, the structures have good preservation potential and can reveal details of depositional history. The trace fossil is named Scalichnus phiale igen. et isp. nov.
Adult patients with tetanus in Anhui Province of China from 2013 to 2022: A retrospective study

Tetanus is a highly fatal infectious disease with an incubation period of 7 to 8 days. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for death in tetanus patients, develop a nomogram model for predicting mortality risk. This retrospective study included tetanus patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit department between January 2013 and December 2022. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on their final outcome, namely death group and survival group. Risk factors associated with mortality were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Finally, a nomogram model was developed using the rms package. A total of 91 patients were enrolled in this study, including 54 males and 37 females. The average age of the tetanus patients was 52.88 ± 16.56 years, with a mean incubation period of 8.51 ± 3.97 days. The foot was the most common injury site (42.86%), and metal product stabbing was the leading cause of injury (48.78%). Ventilator-associated pneumonia was the most frequent complication (21.98%). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that Ablett classification (odds ratio [OR], 21.999; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.124–117.352), white blood cell count (OR, 6.033; 95%CI, 1.275–28.552), and autonomic nervous dysfunction (OR, 22.663; 95%CI, 4.363–117.728) as independent risk factors for tetanus patients. The C-index of the nomogram model was 0.942, with an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve at 0.942 (95%CI, 0.871–0.905). Ablett classification, white blood cell count, autonomic nervous dysfunctions were associated with the prognosis of patients with tetanus. The nomogram model developed based on risk factors has high accuracy.
Human rights, Indigenous peoples and the concept of Free, Prior and Informed Consent

The human right to self-determination is enacted in various international treaties and conventions. In order to facilitate self-determination, it is necessary to provide Indigenous peoples with opportunities to participate in decision-making and project development. The obligation for governments and companies to engage impacted communities is recognized in international law, especially with the principle of ‘Free, Prior and Informed Consent’, which is outlined in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and in the International Labour Organization Convention 169. The encounter between human rights, Indigenous peoples and mining and other extractive industries is discussed, especially as it is has played out in Brazil. We recommend that companies should fully endorse and respect these internationally recognized human rights, including self-determination, even where not required by national or local legislation. We also discuss the relationship between Free, Prior and Informed Consent and Impacts and Benefits Agreements.
Solar and anthropogenic forcing of tropical hydrology

Holocene climate proxies suggest substantial correlations between tropical meteorology and solar variations, but these have thus far not been explained. Using a coupled ocean‐atmosphere‐composition model forced by sustained multi‐decadal irradiance increases, we show that greater tropical temperatures alter the hydrologic cycle, enhancing the climatological precipitation maxima in the tropics while drying the subtropical subsidence regions. The shift is enhanced by tropopause region ozone increases, and the model captures the pattern inferred from paleoclimate records. The physical process we describe likely affected past civilizations, including the Maya, Moche, and Ancestral Puebloans who experienced drought coincident with increased irradiance during the late medieval (∼900–1250). Similarly, decreased irradiance may have affected cultures via a weakened monsoon during the Little Ice Age (∼1400–1750). Projections of 21st‐century climate change yield hydrologic cycle changes via similar processes, suggesting a strong likelihood of increased subtropical drought as climate warms.
Large euenantiornithine birds from the Cretaceous of southern France, North America and Argentina

Abstract We review historical approaches to the systematics of Enantiornithes, the dominant birds of the second half of the Mesozoic, and describe the forelimb remains of a new Cretaceous euenantiornithine. This taxon is known on the basis of fossil specimens collected from southern France, Argentina and the United States; such a wide geographical distribution is uncharacteristic for Enantiornithes as most taxa are known from single localities. Fossils from the Massecaps locality close to the village of Cruzy (Hérault, southern France), in combination with elements from New Mexico (USA) and from the Argentine locality of El Brete (Salta Province) testify to the global distribution of large flighted euenantiornithine birds in the Late Cretaceous. We discuss the systematics and taxonomy of additional isolated bones of Enantiornithes that were collected from the Argentine El Brete locality in the 1970s; the presence of these flying birds in Cretaceous rocks on both sides of the equator, in both northern and southern hemispheres, further demonstrates the ubiquity of this avian lineage by the latter stages of the Mesozoic.
Transcatheter Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Children With Different Devices and Long-Term Results

Introduction: With the development of transcatheter interventional techniques and the introduction of next-generation duct occluder devices, transcatheter closure has become the first treatment option for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in pediatric patients. In this study, we compared the effectiveness and safety of different devices for transcatheter PDA closure in pediatric patients, focusing on long-term outcomes. Methods: A total of 235 patients aged 0-18 years who underwent transcatheter PDA closure at a tertiary care center between January 2005 and February 2020 were included. The medical records of the cases were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The median age of the patients was 2.3 years (range: 3.5 months to 17 years), with a mean weight of 12.8 kg (range: 5.7-43.2 kg). The mean PDA diameter at its narrowest point was 2.9 mm (range: 2.2-5.1 mm). Ductal anatomy was as follows: Type A in 98 (41.7%) patients, Type E in 36 (15.6%) patients, Type C in 32 (13.5%) patients, Type F in 27 (11.4%) patients, Type D in 23 (9.7%) patients, and Type B in 19 (8.1%) patients. Arterial access was used in 138 (57.1%) patients, venous + arterial access in 58 (24.6%) patients, and venous access only in 39 (16.5%) patients. Closure was performed with Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO; AGA Medical Corp., Golden Valley, MN, USA) II in 151 (64.2%) cases, ADO I in 43 (18.2%) cases, and coils in 41 (17.4%) cases. The mean fluoroscopy time and mean procedural time were 10.3 ± 4.2 minutes and 41 ± 7.2 minutes, respectively. The mean radiation dose was 1364 ± 497 cGy/min. The early closure rate after the procedure was 92%, while residual shunting on the first day post-procedure was observed in 1.8% of cases, decreasing to 0.1% at the one-month follow-up. The overall procedural success rate for all cases was 96.0%. The mean follow-up duration was 9.7 years (range: 2.9-13.8 years). Conclusion: For percutaneous PDA closure, ADO I devices are preferred for larger defects, whereas ADO II devices are prioritized for small- to medium-sized defects instead of coils.
Changes in mesospheric dynamics at 78°N, 16°E and 70°N, 19°E: 2001–2012

Mesospheric wind data from meteor wind radars situated on Svalbard (78°N, 16°E) and the Norwegian mainland (70°N, 19°E) are examined for evidence of systematic change during the interval 2001–2012. For both locations, we find changes that suggest a strengthening of the summer westward jet, a weakening of the local winter eastward flow and, yet at the same time, weak evidence for any significant corresponding trend in the winter poleward flow. There is also a suggestion of an increase in the altitude of the summer polar jet, but more data will be required to confirm this. The main finding of a strengthening zonal flow is consistent with earlier studies and also with a contemporary scenario of progressive strengthening of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation. We show that inclusion of sudden stratospheric warmings strongly influences trends. There is no obvious causality between the changes detected over the 2001–2012 time interval and the solar cycle parameterized by total solar irradiance.
The effect of mindfulness interventions on stress in medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Medical students have high levels of stress, which is associated with higher incidents of burnout, depression, and suicide compared to age-matched peers. Mindfulness practices have been shown to reduce stress among medical students. Purpose The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine if mindfulness interventions have an overall effect on stress outcomes in the high-stress population of medical students globally, particularly given the wide variety of interventions. Any intervention designed to promote mindfulness was included. Methods A comprehensive literature search was completed to include multiple databases, ancestry, and hand-searching and 35 studies were included. Standardized mean difference effect sizes (ES) were synthesized across studies using a random-effects model for changes in stress levels in medical students ≥ 18. Moderator analyses were performed to explore variations in effects by participant and intervention characteristics. Results Mindfulness interventions significantly improved stress among medical students in both the two-arm studies (d = 0.370, k = 19, n = 2,199, 95% CI 0.239–0.501, p < .001) and one-arm pre-post studies (d = 0.291, k = 30, n = 18 (two cohorts from Dyrbye et al), 95% CI 0.127–0.455, p = 0.001). Moderator analyses found trends in less hours and less required practice resulted in better improvement in stress. Conclusions This study further confirms that despite a wide variety of mindfulness interventions for medical students around the world, they produce an overall small-to-moderate effect on stress reduction. Future research looking at the most effective protocols for high-stress medical students would be beneficial.
Potential Role of Regulatory T Cells in Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV

Background: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 occurs in a minority of HIV-infected mother-infant pairs, even without any interventions. The mechanisms that protect the majority of HIV-exposed infants from infection are unclear. T regulatory cells (Treg) have important immunomodulato-ry functions, but their role in the fetus as well as in mother-to-child transmission of HIV is under-studied. Methods: We studied available cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-exposed infants from the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals and Nutrition (BAN) Study cohort in Malawi: 64 in-fants were HIV-uninfected and 28 infants were HIV-infected at birth. We quantified the frequency of Treg cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+), and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (CD38+ HLADR+) by flow cytometry at birth, 6 weeks and 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe the distributions of these lymphocyte markers according to the HIV infection status; and Student’s t tests and Wilcoxon-Rank Sum tests were performed to compare HIV- infected and unin-fected infants. Results: T cell activation increased rapidly in the first 6 weeks of life, more pronounced on CD8+ T cells; a further increase in activation was observed at the time of weaning from breastfeeding at 6 months of age. In contrast, the frequency of Treg was stable over the first 6 weeks of life (median, 0.5%), slightly decreased between 6 weeks and 6 months (median at 6 months, 0.3%) and then slight-ly increased between 6 months (time of weaning) and 12 months of age (median, 0.45%). HIV-infected infants had significantly higher frequencies of activated T cells than uninfected infants (P < 0.01). At the time of birth, HIV-exposed uninfected infants had higher levels of Treg, compared to in-fants infected in utero, even though this did not reach statistical significance in this small sample size (P = 0.08). Conclusion: This study provides initial evidence that Treg may play a role in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, likely by suppressing immune activation in the fetus and infant, and needs to be substantiated in a larger study. Better characterization of the role of Treg in fetal and neonatal immunity may provide a valuable complementary approach to achieve eradication of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Molecular Antiretroviral Resistance Markers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 of CRF01_AE Subtype in Bali, Indonesia

Background: Molecular epidemiological study of human immunodeficiency virus drug-resistant (HIVDR) markers is challenging in areas where the dominant subtype is non-B. Objective: Here we provide molecular data for HIVDR in the CRF01_AE subtype in Bali, Indonesia. Method: Seventy patients were enrolled in this study and grouped into treatment failure and treatment naïve groups. The full-length pol gene was amplified using nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and the product was then sequenced. The readable sequence was then subjected to Stan-ford HIV Drug Resistance Database genotyping. Results: We found that clinical classification was in accordance with the presence of HIVDR markers in the pol gene. Independent of therapy history, the treatment failure group showed resistance markers against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase in-hibitors (NNRTI), ranging from 72%–100% of patients. Only a small proportion of naïve patients harbored HIV with drug resistance markers to NNRTI. No protease inhibitor-resistant marker was found in either patient group. Molecular marker mutations, which were found in more than 50% of treatment failure patients, were M184V (100%), T215A/Y/F (88.2%), D67N/G (76.5%), and M41L (58.8%). Conclusion: The protocol used in this study to determine genetic markers of HIVDR based on sub-type B can be applied for the rapid determination of resistance of the CRF01_AE subtype. All patients with progressive clinical signs and increased viral load should be recommended to undergo second-line treatment of the ARV regimen.
Atazanavir Plus Cobicistat: Week 48 and Week 144 Subgroup Analyses of a Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled Trial§

Objectives: Cobicistat (COBI) enhances atazanavir (ATV) pharmacokinetic parameters similarly to ritonavir (RTV) in both healthy volunteers and HIV-infected adults. Primary efficacy and safety outcomes of this Phase 3, international, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled trial in HIV-1-infected treatment-naïve adults (GS-US-216-0114/NCT01108510) demonstrated that ATV+COBI was non-inferior to ATV+RTV, each in combination with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF), at Weeks 48 and 144, with high rates of virologic success for both regimens (85.2% and 87.4%, respectively, at Week 48; and 72.1% and 74.1% at Week 144), and with comparable safety and tolerability. Here, we describe virologic response and treatment discontinuation by a wider range of subgroups than previously presented. Methods: Subgroup analyses by baseline CD4 count (≤200, 201-350, >350 cells/mm3), baseline HIV-1 RNA level (≤100,000, >100,000 copies/mL), race, sex, and age (<40, ≥40 years) evaluated ATV+COBI versus ATV+RTV univariate odds ratios (ORs) for virologic success (viral load <50 copies/mL, intention-to-treat US Food and Drug Administration Snapshot algorithm) and discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs) at Weeks 48 and 144. Of 692 patients randomized, 344 received ATV+COBI and 348 ATV+RTV. Results: ATV+COBI versus ATV+RTV ORs for virologic success did not significantly differ by regimen overall at Weeks 48 and 144 (OR 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64, 1.26) or within subgroups, except in females, for whom ATV+COBI was favored at Week 144 (OR 2.36; 95% CI: 1.02, 5.47). However, there were more discontinuations due to withdrawal of consent and pregnancies in females receiving ATV+RTV versus ATV+COBI. ORs for discontinuation due to AEs did not significantly differ by regimen overall at Weeks 48 and 144 (OR 0.98; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.58) or within subgroups. Conclusion: These findings indicate that both ATV+COBI and ATV+RTV, each with FTC/TDF, are effective and well-tolerated treatment options across a wide demographic range of HIV-infected patients.