Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
El sistema informal de cuidados en clave de desigualdad

In our setting, it is families, not the health and social services, who play the greatest role in providing continuous care to persons in need of such services. Informal health care poses two key questions with regard to the issue of equity: differences in the burdens borne by men and women, which contribute to gender inequality and, depending on their educational and socio-economic level, inequities in their ability to choose and gain access to needed resources and support services, thus contributing to social class inequalities. Distributing the burden of caregiving between men and women, and between the family and the state, constitutes a crucial debate in public health. This study analyzes the concept and characteristics of informal care, provides data on its dimensions in our setting, and analyzes the profile of caregivers, as well as the work they do and the impact it has on their lives. Finally, it presents currently existing models and support strategies for informal caregivers. It is largely women who assume the principal role of providing informal care, undertaking the most difficult and demanding tasks and dedicating the largest share of their time to them. As a result, women bear an elevated cost in their lives in terms of health, quality of life, access to employment and professional development, social relations, availability of time for themselves, and economic repercussions. Unemployed, under-educated women from the least privileged social classes constitute the largest group of informal caregivers in our country. Any policies aimed at supporting those who provide such care should keep in mind the unequal point from which they start and be evaluated in terms of their impact on gender and social class inequality.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação de bebida láctea fermentada acrescida de leitelho e saborizada com polpa de cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica)

O desenvolvimento sustentavel tem sido o proposito transformador da Agenda 2030, implementada por todos os Paises-membros da ONU. Com o intuito de prevenir a ma nutricao e utilizar uma producao sustentavel e gestao adequada para proteger o planeta da degradacao, surgem oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de produtos inovadores. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se desenvolver diferentes formulacoes de bebida lactea fermentada acrescida de leitelho e saborizada com polpa de cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica), avaliando as caracteristicas fisico-quimicas, microbiologicas e aceitacao sensorial. Foram elaboradas sete formulacoes com diferentes concentracoes de leite, mistura soro/leitelho e polpa de cagaita, determinadas atraves do delineamento simplex centroide. As formulacoes foram fermentadas com cultura mista lactea tradicional composta por Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus e Streptococcus thermophilus. As analises fisico-quimicas da materia-prima e das formulacoes foram: pH, acidez, teor de umidade, cinzas, proteina, lipidios, carboidratos e valor energetico total. As analises microbiologicas realizadas nas formulacoes, foram: NMP de Coliformes a 35 °C, NMP de Coliformes a 45 °C e pesquisa de Salmonella sp. Nas formulacoes foram realizadas, semanalmente, contagens de bacterias acido lacticas e de bolores e leveduras para determinar a vida util. Com excecao das formulacoes F3 e F6, as outras formulacoes apresentaram contagens de bacterias acido lacticas, durante quatorze dias de armazenamento refrigerado, dentro do padrao estabelecido pela legislacao (6 log10UFC/mL). Todas as bebidas lacteas fermentadas apresentaram caracteristicas fisico-quimicas dentro dos padroes estabelecidos pela legislacao. A mistura soro/leitelho do processamento B apresentou maior acidez e menor valor de pH em relacao aos processamentos A e C, resultando na formacao de grumos nas formulacoes F4 e F7 que foram fabricadas nesse processamento. As formulacoes que apresentaram maiores concentracoes de leite, foram as formulacoes com menor sinerese e maiores notas em relacao a aparencia e consistencia. Os resultados indicam que a formulacao com melhor custo-beneficio e a F2 que apresenta alta concentracao de co-produtos, baixa concentracao de polpa e assim, um custo reduzido para a fabricacao. Alem disso, obteve altas notas nos atributos avaliados na analise sensorial e intencao de compra.
Fully Convolutional Networks for Panoptic Segmentation With Point-Based Supervision

In this paper, we present a conceptually simple, strong, and efficient framework for fully- and weakly-supervised panoptic segmentation, called Panoptic FCN. Our approach aims to represent and predict foreground things and background stuff in a unified fully convolutional pipeline, which can be optimized with point-based fully or weak supervision. In particular, Panoptic FCN encodes each object instance or stuff category with the proposed kernel generator and produces the prediction by convolving the high-resolution feature directly. With this approach, instance-aware and semantically consistent properties for things and stuff can be respectively satisfied in a simple generate-kernel-then-segment workflow. Without extra boxes for localization or instance separation, the proposed approach outperforms the previous box-based and -free models with high efficiency. Furthermore, we propose a new form of point-based annotation for weakly-supervised panoptic segmentation. It only needs several random points for both things and stuff, which dramatically reduces the annotation cost of human. The proposed Panoptic FCN is also proved to have much superior performance in this weakly-supervised setting, which achieves 82% of the fully-supervised performance with only 20 randomly annotated points per instance. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of Panoptic FCN on COCO, VOC 2012, Cityscapes, and Mapillary Vistas datasets. And it sets up a new leading benchmark for both fully- and weakly-supervised panoptic segmentation.
Harnessing value from data science in business: ensuring explainability and fairness of solutions

The paper introduces concepts of fairness and explainability (XAI) in artificial intelligence, oriented to solve a sophisticated business problems. For fairness, the authors discuss the bias-inducing specifics, as well as relevant mitigation methods, concluding with a set of recipes for introducing fairness in data-driven organizations. Additionally, for XAI, the authors audit specific algorithms paired with demonstrational business use-cases, discuss a plethora of techniques of explanations quality quantification and provide an overview of future research avenues. *London School of Economics alumnus, https://www.linkedin. com/in/krzysztof-chomiak/ †Paris School of Economics alumnus, https://www.linkedin. com/in/michalmiktus/ The authors would like to thank Przemysław Biecek, Tomasz Trzciński and Tomasz Bartkowiak for all their careful, constructive and insightful comments in relation to this work. 1 ar X iv :2 10 8. 07 71 4v 1 [ cs . C Y ] 1 0 A ug 2 02 1
Optical representation of thermal nuclear fluctuation effect on band-gap renormalization

The bandgap of insulating materials is renormalized in various ways by the electron-phonon interaction owing to the dynamical and quantum fluctuations of nuclei. These fluctuation effects are considered in the perturbative Allen-Heine-Cardona theory using the formulae for the Fan-Migdal and Debye-Waller terms. However, the material dependence is not clear in the formulae. Thus, in this study, we focused on the analytical form of the Debye-Waller term and found that the term can be reformulated using the optical transition matrix. In addition, the optical selection rule is found to play a role. For the diamond-type materials, the Debye-Waller term can be approximately decomposed into a product of the optical transition energy, the mean square displacement of nuclei, and the dipole transition probability. Further, the decomposition can also be applied with an additional approximation to the zinc-blende-type materials, as revealed by our first-principles calculation. The magnitude of the Debye-Waller term of a number of materials can thus be estimated using the basic physical quantities prior to performing the calculation of the electron-phonon interaction.
What Do Developers Discuss about Code Comments?

Code comments are important for program comprehension, development, and maintenance tasks. Given the varying standards for code comments, and their unstructured or semi-structured nature, developers get easily confused (especially novice developers) about which convention(s) to follow, or what tools to use while writing code documentation. Thus, they post related questions on external online sources to seek better commenting practices. In this paper, we analyze code comment discussions on online sources such as Stack Overflow (SO) and Quora to shed some light on the questions developers ask about commenting practices. We apply Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to identify emerging topics concerning code comments. Then we manually analyze a statistically significant sample set of posts to derive a taxonomy that provides an overview of the developer questions about commenting practices.Our results highlight that on SO nearly 40% of the questions mention how to write or process comments in documentation tools and environments, and nearly 20% of the questions are about potential limitations and possibilities of documentation tools to add automatically and consistently more information in comments. On the other hand, on Quora, developer questions focus more on background information (35% of the questions) or asking opinions (16% of the questions) about code comments. We found that (i) not all aspects of comments are covered in coding style guidelines, e.g., how to add a specific type of information, (ii) developers need support in learning the syntax and format conventions to add various types of information in comments, and (iii) developers are interested in various automated strategies for comments such as detection of bad comments, or verify comment style automatically, but lack tool support to do that.
Slope norm and an algorithm to compute the crosscap number

We give three algorithms to determine the crosscap number of a knot in the 3-sphere using $0$-efficient triangulations and normal surface theory. Our algorithms are shown to be correct for a larger class of complements of knots in closed 3-manifolds. The crosscap number is closely related to the minimum over all spanning slopes of a more general invariant, the slope norm. For any irreducible 3-manifold $M$ with incompressible boundary a torus, we give an algorithm that, for every slope on the boundary that represents the trivial class in $H_1(M; \mathbb{Z}_2)$, determines the maximal Euler characteristic of any properly embedded surface having a boundary curve of this slope. We complement our theoretical work with an implementation of our algorithms, and compute the crosscap number of knots for which previous methods would have been inconclusive. In particular, we determine 196 previously unknown crosscap numbers in the census of all knots with up to 12 crossings.
Well-posedness for Maxwell equations with Kerr nonlinearity in three dimensions via Strichartz estimates

We show new local well-posedness results for quasilinear Maxwell equations in three spatial dimensions with an emphasis on the Kerr nonlinearity. For this purpose, new Strichartz estimates are proved for solutions with rough permittivity by conjugation to half-wave equations. We use the Strichartz estimates in a known combination with energy estimates to derive the new well-posedness results.
The first spectroscopically confirmed brown dwarfs in NGC 2264

We present spectroscopic follow-up observations of 68 red, faint candidates from our multi-epoch, multiwavelength, previously published survey of NGC 2264. Using near-infrared spectra from VLT/KMOS, we measure spectral types and extinction for 32 young low-mass sources. We confirm 13 as brown dwarfs in NGC 2264, with spectral types between M6 and M8, corresponding to masses between 0.02 and 0.08 M⊙. These are the first spectroscopically confirmed brown dwarfs in this benchmark cluster. 19 more objects are found to be young M-type stars of NGC 2264 with masses of 0.08–0.3 M⊙. 7 of the confirmed brown dwarfs as well as 15 of the M-stars have IR excess caused by a disc. Comparing with isochrones, the typical age of the confirmed brown dwarfs is <0.5–5 Myr. More than half of the newly identified brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars have ages <0.5 Myr, significantly younger than the bulk of the known cluster population. Based on the success rate of our spectroscopic follow-up, we estimate that NGC 2264 hosts 200–600 brown dwarfs in total (in the given mass range). This would correspond to a star-to-brown dwarf ratio between 2.5:1 and 7.5:1. We determine the slope of the substellar mass function as $\alpha = 0.43^{+0.41}_{-0.56}$; these values are consistent with those measured for other young clusters. This points to a uniform substellar mass function across all star-forming environments.
Reconfigurable Broadcast Networks and Asynchronous Shared-Memory Systems are Equivalent (Long Version)

We show the equivalence of two distributed computing models, namely reconfigurable broadcast networks (RBN) and asynchronous shared-memory systems (ASMS), that were introduced independently. Both RBN and ASMS are systems in which a collection of anonymous, finite-state processes run the same protocol. In RBN, the processes communicate by selective broadcast: a process can broadcast a message which is received by all of its neighbors, and the set of neighbors of a process can change arbitrarily over time. In ASMS, the processes communicate by shared memory: a process can either write to or read from a shared register. Our main result is that RBN and ASMS can simulate each other, i.e. they are equivalent with respect to parameterized reachability, where we are given two (possibly infinite) sets of configurations C and C' defined by upper and lower bounds on the number of processes in each state and we would like to decide if some configuration in C can reach some configuration in C'. Using this simulation equivalence, we transfer results of RBN to ASMS and vice versa. Finally, we show that RBN and ASMS can simulate a third distributed model called immediate observation (IO) nets. Moreover, for a slightly stronger notion of simulation (which is satisfied by all the simulations given in this paper), we show that IO nets cannot simulate RBN.
The Clustering of Orbital Poles Induced by the LMC: Hints for the Origin of Planes of Satellites

A significant fraction of Milky Way (MW) satellites exhibit phase-space properties consistent with a coherent orbital plane. Using tailored N-body simulations of a spherical MW halo that recently captured a massive (1.8 × 1011 M ⊙) LMC-like satellite, we identify the physical mechanisms that may enhance the clustering of orbital poles of objects orbiting the MW. The LMC deviates the orbital poles of MW dark matter particles from the present-day random distribution. Instead, the orbital poles of particles beyond R ≈ 50 kpc cluster near the present-day orbital pole of the LMC along a sinusoidal pattern across the sky. The density of orbital poles is enhanced near the LMC by a factor δρmax = 30% (50%) with respect to underdense regions and δ ρ iso = 15% (30%) relative to the isolated MW simulation (no LMC) between 50 and 150 kpc (150–300 kpc). The clustering appears after the LMC’s pericenter (≈50 Myr ago, 49 kpc) and lasts for at least 1 Gyr. Clustering occurs because of three effects: (1) the LMC shifts the velocity and position of the central density of the MW’s halo and disk; (2) the dark matter dynamical friction wake and collective response induced by the LMC change the kinematics of particles; (3) observations of particles selected within spatial planes suffer from a bias, such that measuring orbital poles in a great circle in the sky enhances the probability of their orbital poles being clustered. This scenario should be ubiquitous in hosts that recently captured a massive satellite (at least ≈1:10 mass ratio), causing the clustering of orbital poles of halo tracers.
Self-Supervised 3D Human Pose Estimation with Multiple-View Geometry

We present a self-supervised learning algorithm for 3D human pose estimation of a single person based on a multiple-view camera system and 2D body pose estimates for each view. To train our model, represented by a deep neural network, we propose a four-loss function learning algorithm, which does not require any 2D or 3D body pose ground-truth. The proposed loss functions make use of the multiple-view geometry to reconstruct 3D body pose estimates and impose body pose constraints across the camera views. Our approach utilizes all available camera views during training, while the inference is single-view. In our evaluations, we show promising performance on Human3.6M and HumanEva benchmarks, while we also present a generalization study on MPI-INF-3DHP dataset, as well as several ablation results. Overall, we outperform all self-supervised learning methods and reach comparable results to supervised and weakly-supervised learning approaches. Our code and models are publicly available11Source Code: https://gi-thub.com/vru2020jpose_3D/.
Peak Sidelobe Level and Peak Crosscorrelation of Golay–Rudin–Shapiro Sequences

Sequences with low aperiodic autocorrelation and crosscorrelation are used in communications and remote sensing. Golay and Shapiro independently devised a recursive construction that produces families of complementary pairs of binary sequences. In the simplest case, the construction produces the Rudin–Shapiro sequences, and in general it produces what we call Golay–Rudin–Shapiro sequences. Calculations by Littlewood show that the Rudin–Shapiro sequences have low mean square autocorrelation. A sequence’s peak sidelobe level is its largest magnitude of autocorrelation over all nonzero shifts. Høholdt, Jensen, and Justesen showed that there is some undetermined positive constant <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A$ </tex-math></inline-formula> such that the peak sidelobe level of a Rudin–Shapiro sequence of length <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is bounded above by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A(1.842626\ldots)^{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.842626\ldots $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the positive real root of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X^{4}-3 X-6$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We show that the peak sidelobe level is bounded above by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5(1.658967\ldots)^{n-4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.658967\ldots $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the real root of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X^{3}+X^{2}-2 X-4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Any exponential bound with lower base will fail to be true for almost all <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and any bound with the same base but a lower constant prefactor will fail to be true for at least one <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We provide a similar bound on the peak crosscorrelation (largest magnitude of crosscorrelation over all shifts) between the sequences in each Rudin–Shapiro pair. The methods that we use generalize to all families of complementary pairs produced by the Golay–Rudin–Shapiro recursion, for which we obtain bounds on the peak sidelobe level and peak crosscorrelation with the same exponential growth rate as we obtain for the original Rudin–Shapiro sequences.
DeepEigen: Learning-based Modal Sound Synthesis with Acoustic Transfer Maps

We present a novel learning-based approach to compute the eigenmodes and acoustic transfer data for the sound synthesis of arbitrary solid objects. Our approach combines two network-based solutions to formulate a complete learning-based 3D modal sound model. This includes a 3D sparse convolution network as the eigendecomposition solver and an encoder-decoder network for the prediction of the Far-Field Acoustic Transfer maps (FFAT Maps). We use our approach to compute the vibration modes (eigen-modes) and FFAT maps for each mode (acoustic data) for arbitrary-shaped objects at interactive rates without any precomputed dataset for any new object. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and beneﬁts of our approach. We compare its accuracy and efﬁciency with physically-based sound synthesis methods.
TUM-VIE: The TUM Stereo Visual-Inertial Event Dataset

Event cameras are bio-inspired vision sensors which measure per pixel brightness changes. They offer numerous benefits over traditional, frame-based cameras, including low latency, high dynamic range, high temporal resolution and low power consumption. Thus, these sensors are suited for robotics and virtual reality applications. To foster the development of 3D perception and navigation algorithms with event cameras, we present the TUM-VIE dataset. It consists of a large variety of handheld and head-mounted sequences in indoor and outdoor environments, including rapid motion during sports and high dynamic range scenarios. The dataset contains stereo event data, stereo grayscale frames at 20Hz as well as IMU data at 200Hz. Timestamps between all sensors are synchronized in hardware. The event cameras contain a large sensor of 1280x720 pixels, which is significantly larger than the sensors used in existing stereo event datasets (at least by a factor of ten). We provide ground truth poses from a motion capture system at 120Hz during the beginning and end of each sequence, which can be used for trajectory evaluation. TUM-VIE includes challenging sequences where state-of-the art visual SLAM algorithms either fail or result in large drift. Hence, our dataset can help to push the boundary of future research on event-based visual-inertial perception algorithms.
Near‐Infrared and Visible‐Range Optoelectronics in 2D Hybrid Perovskite/Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures

The application of ultrathin 2D perovskites in near‐infrared and visible‐range optoelectronics is limited owing to their inherent wide bandgaps, large excitonic binding energies, and low optical absorption at higher wavelengths. Here, it is shown that by tailoring interfacial band alignments via conjugation with low‐dimensional materials like monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD), the functionalities of 2D perovskites can be extended to diverse, visible‐range photophysical applications. Based on the choice of individual constituents in the 2D perovskite/TMD heterostructures, first principles calculations demonstrate widely tunable type‐II bandgaps, carrier effective masses, and band offsets to enable an effective separation of photogenerated excitons for enhanced photodetection and photovoltaic applications. In addition, the possibilities of achieving a type‐I band alignment for recombination‐based light emitters as well as a type‐III configuration for tunneling devices are shown. Further, the effect of strain on the electronic properties of the heterostructures are evaluated to show a significant strain tolerance, making them prospective candidates in flexible photosensors.