Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIRECT VISUALIZATION OF THE MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED COATED VESICLES AND CYTOSKELETON IN CULTURED MACROPHAGES BY A NEW MEANS OF DRY-BLOWING

Recently, three-dimensional structure of the coated vesicles and cytoskeleton have been demonstrated in the platinum replicas of quick-frozen, deep-etched cells (5) and critical-point-dried cells (1, 2) . However, high-resolution threedimensional direct images of the very coated vesicles, that are not replicated, have never been shown. More and more attention has been directed toward the role of coated vesicles in the uptake of specific extracellular protein, i.e., receptor-mediated endocytosis (3, 4, 8, 13, 16, 17) . Several investigators have shown that many different ligands enter cells by way of the coated pits and vesicles using cytochemical labeling techniques by ultrathin section under a transmission electron microscope (8, 13, 16, 17) . In these ultrathin sections, three-dimensional location and dynamics of the ligands were hardly proved, and so application of these cytochemical techniques to threedimensional studies should be required. However, the replicas could hardly be applied to cytochemistry and could not show the inner structure of coated vesicles without rupturing vesicles, because of technical limitation. Therefore, we devised a particularly useful method for direct visualization of cytoplasmic surface of adherent membrane in whole-mount cells, that allowed the combination with various cytochemical techniques. Alveolar macrophages were harvested from normal Wistar rats, weighing 200-300 g, by lung lavage and plated onto 35 mm plastic tissue culture dishes (Falcon Labware, Oxnard, Ca.) containing Formvar-coated 300 mesh grids. Before plating with macrophages, the Formvar-coated grids were sterilized by ultraviolet irradiation. The cells were maintained in Medium 199 with 10% calf serum at 37°C in a 5 % C02-air atmosphere. Some cultured macrophages were exposed to bovine serum albumin conjugated colloidal gold (BSA-gold) (30 pg protein 1 ml) in Medium 199 for 5 min at 37°C. In other experiments, TE-1 cell line derived from human squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus (12) were used as a control. The cells cultured on Formvar-coated grids were extracted with 0.1 % Triton X-100 in PHEM buffer (14), composed of 60 mM piperazine diethylsulfonic acid (PIPES), 25 mM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 10 mM EGTA and 2 mM MgCl2, pH 6.8, which is isotonic with intracellular fluid, for 1 min at room temperature and were rinsed in same buffer. Extracted cells were fixed with 1 % glutaraldehyde containing 0.2% tannic acid (Merk) in PHEM buffer for 3 min at room temperature, rinsed several times and then post-fixed with 1 % 0s04 for 5 min. For heavy meromyosin (HMM) decoration (6), Triton-extracted
Barley Malt Polysaccharides Inducing Premature Yeast Flocculation and Their Possible Mechanism

A barley malt factor inducing premature yeast flocculation (PYF) was successfully concentrated using a bottom-fermenting yeast as an affinity particle, followed by anion-exchange chromatography. The relative molecular mass was estimated to be <40,000 Da by gel filtration chromatography. Severe PYF was inducible in our assay system at a concentration as low as 0.3 μg of concentrated polysaccharides per mL. The polysaccharides were composed mainly of arabinose, xylose, and galactose, with rhamnose and galacturonic acid. Based on sugar composition analysis, we postulated that the polysaccharides inducing PYF contained pectin-like material. Polysaccharides that were digested by commercially available enzymes and had a relative molecular mass of <5,000 Da also were able to induce PYF. It is possible that relatively small fragments of PYF factors may bridge multiple cells together with Ca2+ ion bridges, as is found in pectin.
Glyphosate Dose Affected Control of Field Dodder (Cuscuta campestris) in the Tropics

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in Guam to evaluate the effects of glyphosate on field dodder control and to describe glyphosate dose–response curves on selected ornamental plants grown with and without dodder infestation. Visual quality of dodder-free plants decreased with increasing dose of glyphosate. The most sensitive species was king's mantle, whereas the most tolerant was hibiscus. The values for the effective dose for a 10% reduction in visual quality (ED10) of glyphosate were 800, 280, 1,250, 370, 590, 830, 660, and 170 g ai/ha for dodder-free croton, allamanda, hibiscus, paper gardenia, ixora, duranta, schefflera, and king's mantle, respectively. However, dodder-infested plants were less tolerant to glyphosate because of the confounded stress from both the parasite and herbicide. Field dodder parasitizing ornamental plants could be adequately controlled on all ornamental species at a dose of about 140 g/ha of glyphosate. Nomenclature: Glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, field dodder, Cuscuta campestris Y. CVCCA, duranta, Duranta L. spp. , garden croton, Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume, hibiscus, Hibiscus L. spp. , ixora, Ixora L. spp. , king's mantle, Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T. Anders. , miniature schefflera, Schefflera arboricola (Hayata) Merr. , paper gardenia, Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes, purple allamanda, Allamanda blanchetii A. DC
Isolation and characterization of two temperate phages from Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris C3

Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris C3 was shown to contain two prophages, C3-T1 and C3-T2, both inducible bymitomycin C. The phages were morphologically indistinguishable, having an isometric head (55 nm), a noncontractile tail (142 nm), and a distinctive base plate. The phages C3-T1 and C3-T2 were differentiated from one another by restriction endonuclease analysis of their DNA, and genome sizes of 37.8 (C3-T1) and 32.5 kb (C3-T2). Southern blot DNA hybridization suggested a maximum homology between the phage genomes of 50%. Phage C3-T1 was propagated and the phage obtained was designated C3-TIl. Phage C3-T2 was not propagated despite tests with a large number of possible indicator strains. Restriction enzyme analysis of phage C3-T1l genome yielded a 37.8-kb circular restriction map. The packaging site (pac) and site of integration into the bacterial chromosome (att) were located and an EcoRI DNA fragment containing the att site was cloned. Only one C3-T1 att site was present in the C3 chromosome. No homol.
ALTERATIONS IN LIPID MOLECULAR SPECIES OF THE MARINE EUSTIGMA TOPHYTE NANNOCHLOROSIS SP. 1

The molecular species of triacylglycerol and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol from the marine eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Four major molecular species of triacylglycerol composed of C 14:0, C 16:0, and C 16:1 fatty acids at different combinations were identified. Six molecular species of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol were detected. Three of them contained C 20:5 fatty acid in the sn‐1 position, and one component accommodated C 20:5 fatty acid in both the sn‐1 and sn‐2 positions. Variations in the relative distribution of the molecular species were further monitored in Nannochloropsis cultures grown under different irradiance levels and temperatures. The relative distribution of 16: 0/16:1/16:0 triacylglycerol increased in cells grown in high light and in high temperature. Variations in cellular fatty acid composition in Nannochloropsis grown under different environmental conditions of irradiance level and temperature were attributed to alterations in relative cellular content of lipid classes as well as in the relative composition of lipid class molecular species.
Influence of Meloidogyne Incognita On Nodulation and Growth of Pea and Black Bean

Meloidogyne incognita invaded aseptic roots of Pisum sativum and Phaseolus vulgaris and developed to adult females in about 19 days. Males were occasionally observed. Juvenile nematodes invaded nodules initiated by Rhizobium; nodules formed also on galls initiated by nematodes. M. incognita suppressed root and nodule growth. However, M. incognita stimulated the initiation of nodules which remained undeveloped. Effective nodules had more nitrogenase activity/g on plants with M. incognita than on those without nematodes. M. incognita increased the leghaemoglobin content of nodules on Pisum and decreased it on Phaseolus. All the effects of the nematode invasion were transient and 7d difference in invasion date altered the degree of effect recorded at different harvest dates.
Parasitos gastrintestinais de suínos criados sob diferentes sistemas de manejo no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

De 2012 a 2013 foram pesquisados parasitos gastrintestinais de suinos de granjas localizadas em diferentes municipios do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Amostras fecais de 790 suinos foram coletadas da ampola retal, sendo 88 de propriedades familiares e 702 de granjas com producao industrial. As amostras foram submetidas as tecnicas de Faust et al., Sheather, Ritchie, Lutz e exame direto. A prevalencia estimada foi de 93,1% nas granjas familiares e 59,1% nas granjas industriais. Balantidium coli, coccidios e Entamoeba sp. foram os parasitos que apresentaram as maiores frequencias, sendo as categorias machos e femeas reprodutoras e leitoes de terminacao as mais infectadas (p<0,05). Trofozoitas de B. coli foram mais evidenciados nas amostras fecais de consistencias semi-solida, seguida pelas fezes com consistencias solida e diarreica. Ovos de estrongilideos e Trichuris suis foram detectados exclusivamente em criacoes familiares. Ovos de Ascaris suum e de Strongyloides ransomi apresentaram baixa frequencia. O alto grau de parasitismo, principalmente de protozoarios, indica a necessidade de reavaliacao do manejo dos suinos em ambos os tipos de producao.
Variation in annual estimates of effective population size for San Joaquin kit foxes

We used a demographic model to calculate a series of annual Ne/Nestimates ((Ne/N)S) for a population of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) and to identify the demographic parameters explaining significant portions of the variation in (Ne/N)S estimates. Demographic data were collected between 1981 and 1995 from adult kit foxes located on the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California. Demographic parameters were estimated by determining the sex of captured adult foxes and monitoring the survival and reproduction of adult foxes fitted with radiocollars. Individual demographic parameters explaining significant portions (P < 0.10) of the variation in (Ne/N)S estimates was determined using forward stepwise multiple regression. Estimates of (Ne/N)S were highly variable, ranging from 0.22 to 1.15, ( = 0.67, sem= 0.07, n= 14), with a harmonic mean of 0.55. Forward stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that mean annual female survival (P= 0.002) and mean annual female reproductive success (P= 0.004) explained significant portions of the variation in estimates of (Ne/N)S, while mean annual sex ratio (P = 0.159), mean annual litter size (P= 0.406) and mean annual male survival (P= 0.922) did not. Long‐term kit fox conservation strategies will probably have to account for wide variation in (Ne/N)S ratios and focus on maintaining or expanding the size and connectivity of populations.
Determining acrosomal status of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) sperm by fluorescence microscopy

The acrosome of Macaca fascicularis sperm cannot be distinguished by conventional light microscopy, so determining whether sperm are acrosome‐intact or‐reacted is difficult. We describe methods for labeling the acrosomal region of sperm with two different probes: fluoresceinated Pisum sativum agglutinin and anti‐sperm antiserum. Acrosome‐intact sperm are much more heavily labeled in the acrosomal region than are acrosome‐reacted sperm, providing a simple means of differentiating the two types of sperm. The two probes detect similar numbers of acrosome‐reacted sperm following treatment with the divalent cation ionophore, A23187.
Desempenho, qualidade de carcaça e avaliação econômica de suínos abatidos acima de 100kg

Recent genetic improvement has developed pigs with maximum potential for protein deposit at higher weights; however, their optimal slaughter weight still needs to be determined. The objective of the study was to evaluate live performance, carcass traits, and economic viability of 417 Agroceres PIC pigs slaughtered with 100, 115, 130, and 145kg live weight. Pigs were reared in pens with 10-11 barrows and gilts each, offered a feed allowance of 2.8kg/pig/day until the following slaughter weights (SW): 99.65±0.82kg, 118.53±0.98kg, 133.97±1.17kg, and 143.90±1.24. There was no interaction between sex and SW (P>0.05). Backfat thickness, fat area, and loin eye area linearly increased with SW (P 0.05), and feed conversion ratio (R²=43.29%) linearly worsened with SW (P<0.001), but the effect of SW on live production cost (R$/kg) was quadratic, with the minimum point at 134.8kg. It was concluded that, under the applied management, increasing SW results in larger amount of lean tissue with no change in its yield and little effect on growth performance.
Seasonal changes in contents of root starch and soluble carbohydrates in 4–6‐year old Betula pubescens and Popuius tremula

Roots of 4–6‐year old European aspen and pubescent birch were collected monthly during 1983–87 and 1983–88, and analysed to determine their starch, fructose and glucose concentration. Carbohydrate concentrations in aspen roots fluctuated with low levels in May‐June. Seasonal variation was not as consistent in birch roots as in aspen roots. The drop during May‐June occur as consistently in birch. Total carbohydrate concentrations in roots of birch collected from six latitudes (56–67°N) in Sweden showed similar patterns of variation. There were no significant difference between starch concentrations among roots of different diameters (2–11 mm), nor did concentrations differ between sites at different distances (5–25 cm) from the main stem. It was difficult to visually differentiate between low and medium starch levels. Some practical implications of the results are discussed
Factors influencing fleece rot in sheep

Fleece samples were collected from 15 susceptible and 15 resistant sheep from 14 flocks in four States. All flocks had a high incidence of fleece rot. Each sample was examined for wax and suint contents, suint pH, cohtent of non-wool insoluble protein (insoluble nitrogen), water uptake and coefficient of variation of fibre diameter. Average contents of suint and insoluble nitrogen were significantly higher in the susceptible animals from 11 and 10, respectively, of the 14 flocks. Water uptake and suint pH were significantly higher in eight and seven flocks, respectively, while coefficient of variation of fibre diameter and wool yield were each significantly higher in six flocks. Wax to suint ratio could differentiate susceptible and resistant sheep in nine flocks but this is due almost entirely to the effect of suint content. Thus, in any selection program, within a flock there should be little need to estimate wax, as suint on its own should suffice. A rapid method for estimation of suint is now available, which should be useful in the identification of sheep resistant to fleece rot.
Hormonal Control of Body-Color Polyphenism in the American Grasshopper, Schistocerca americana: A Function of [His7]-Corazonin

Abstract [His7]-corazonin is a neuropeptide that was originally isolated from the American grasshopper, Schistocerca americana (Drury), without known function. The current study was carried out to examine the possible involvement of this peptide in the induction of dark color in nymphs of this grasshopper. Additionally, the effects of a homolog, [Arg7]-corazonin, and juvenile hormone (JH) III on body color were investigated. Light-colored nymphs obtained at a high temperature were used for bioassays of the peptides. [His7]-corazonin showed a dose-dependent induction of black patterns, but it did not influence the green-brown polyphenism. [Arg7]-corazonin that induced black patterns in the injected nymphs was as potent as [His7]-corazonin, indicating that the substitute of His by Arg does not influence the dark color-inducing effect. Injection of JH III into reddish nymphs obtained at a low temperature caused them to turn green in a dose-dependent manner, but it had no effect on the expression of black patterns. These results may suggest that [His7]-corazonin and JH are involved in the control of black pattern expression and green-brown polyphenism, respectively, in this grasshopper. This is the first study demonstrating a physiological function of [His7]-corazonin in this grasshopper.
The development of plant components and their effects on the composition of fresh and ensiled forage maize: 1. The accumulation of dry matter, chemical composition and nutritive value of fresh maize

Summary Results from two trials, in which the effects of genotype, plant density and harvest date on the accumulation of dry matter and the chemical composition and nutritive value of plant components, are presented. Inra 200, LG11, Maris Saffron, Caldera 535, Anjou 210 and White Horse Tooth were established at 5·0, 9·8 and 13·5 plants/m2 in factorially designed experiments. In vitro digestible organic matter in the dry matter, water-soluble carbohydrates, starch, total nitrogen, acid-detergent fibre, cellulose, lignin, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, calcium, sodium, zinc, manganese and copper were analysed for the whole crop and plant components. With the exception of White Horse Tooth, stem yields declined after reaching a peak 2–3 weeks after mid-silk. This was attributed to movement of water-soluble carbohydrates from the stem to the ear, with greater movement being associated with a larger ear component. As a result the in vitro digestible organic matter in the dry matter value of the stem component was greater for crops containing a small proportion of ear. The higher stem digestibility value compensated for the small ear component, with the result that the varying proportions of plant components did not markedly affect whole-crop digestibility prior to ensiling. The greater deposition of starch in crops with a large ear component caused a significantly more rapid rise in whole-crop D.M. content than in crops with a small ear component. Acid-detergent fibre and lignin values for the whole crop were much lower than those recorded in the U.S.A. Genotype and plant density had no effect on mineral content but phosphorus and potassium concentrations declined dramatically after frost.
β-Carbolines That Accumulate in Human Tissues May Serve a Protective Role against Oxidative Stress*

β-Carbolines are tricyclic nitrogen heterocycles formed in plants and animals as Maillard reaction products between amino acids and reducing sugars or aldehydes. They are being detected increasingly in human tissues, and their physiological roles need to be understood. Two β-carboline carboxylates have been reported to accumulate in the human eye lens. We report here on the identification of another β-carboline, namely 1-methyl-1-vinyl -2,3,4-trihydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, in the lenses of some cataract patients from India. Analysis of these three lenticular β-carbolines using photodynamic and antioxidant assays shows all of them to be inert as sensitizers and effective as antioxidants; they quench singlet oxygen, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and inhibit the oxidative formation of higher molecular weight aggregates of the test protein, eye lens γ-crystallin. Such antioxidative ability of β-carbolines is of particular relevance to the lens, which faces continual photic and oxidative stress. The β-carboline diacid IV is also seen to display an unexpected ability of inhibiting the thermal coagulation of γ-crystallin and the dithiothreitol-induced precipitation of insulin. These results offer experimental support to earlier suggestions that one of the roles that the β-carbolines have is to offer protection against oxidative stress to the human tissues where they accumulate.
Osteometric study of the metapodials of Amsterdam Island feral cattle

The analysis of the fossil and sub-fossil bones of wild Bos primigenius Bojanus, 1827 and domestic cattle Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 has been handicapped by the absence of modern comparative material. The feral cattle of Amsterdam Island have lived in the wild since 1871 and have been free from artifical selection since that period. Authors give a complete description of metapodial bones of this population in order to offer archeologists a modern comparative material with patterns of sexual dimorphism and extent of intra- and inter-individual variability. This work is based on the measurements of 90 sets of 4 metapodials belonging to 48 adult females and 42 adult males.
movements and life history patterns of the skipjack tuna katsuwonus pelamis in the western pacific, as revealed by otolith sr:ca ratios

the strontium (sr) and calcium (ca) concentrations in the otoliths of the skipjack tuna katsuwonus pelamis collected in the western pacific ocean were examined by wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometry on an electron microprobe. otolith sr:ca ratios of the tunas collected off the marshall islands in the tropical waters were constant over the life history transect of the otolith. in contrast, ratios in most tunas collected off sanriku in the temperate waters in october fluctuated from low to high at 1100–1800 μm from the core. a similar fluctuation of otolith sr:ca ratio from low to high was found in a skipjack tuna that was tagged and released off sanriku, and then recaptured off the palau islands. therefore, at least two life history patterns of the skipjack tunas, of global migration toward northern temperate regions and local residence in tropical spawning grounds, are suggested by specimens collected in the western pacific ocean.
A field study of the morphometric response of Typha glauca shoots to a water depth gradient

In the Delta Marsh, Manitoba, the hybrid cattail Typha glauca Godr. forms large monodominant stands over a wide range of water depths (25–100 cm). Despite a considerable body of research concerning the origin and development of this important species, its ecology has received little attention. In field studies conducted in two freshwater wetland sites in the Delta Marsh, mean height and biomass of vegetative shoots of T. glauca increased significantly along a gradient of increasing water depth. Product–moment correlations between height and biomass were . Flowering shoots, in contrast, were less flexible in their response to depth. No significant differences associated with depth were found in reproductive biomass, height, spike width, spike length, or gap length of flowering spikes harvested in August. Differences in size of vegetative shoots were interpreted as a plastic response that may play a role in adaptation to a range of water depths. By adjusting the length of underwater shoot tissue, the ramet .
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO RAINFALL IN OPUNTIA BASILARIS (CACTACEAE)

An immediate, marked response to small amounts of rainfall occurs in Opuntia basilaris, despite previous drought conditions. The effect of rainfall is upon plant water potential, which is the single most important parameter influencing stomatal opening, C02 assimilation, and organic acid synthesis. Nocturnal stomatal opening is initiated following rainfall, and stomata remain open during the daytime. Decreasing stomatal and mesophyll resistances correlate with increasing rates of nocturnal assimilation of 14CO2. Photosynthetic rates of 14CO2 assimilation are low, despite high plant water potentials and low stomatal diffusion resistances. The decreased mesophyll resistances and increased rates of nocturnal 14CO2 assimilation correlate with the increases of nocturnal efficiency of water use and CO2 assimilation. The diurnal efficiency of water use and CO2 assimilation is lower than the nocturnal gas exchange efficiency values.