Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Desempenho da soja roundup ready sob aplicação de glyphosate em diferentes estádios

Previous studies and speculation involving the behavior of Roundup Ready soybean under glyphosate application requires further investigations to clarify this issue. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and oil and protein contents of transgenic soybean culture under glyphosate application. Thus, an assay was carried out in a completely randomized block design, with four replications. Treatments consisted of foliar sprays in increasing doses of glyphosate applied at stages V6 and R2. The variables evaluated were: plant height, number of pods per plant, thousand grain weight and yield, as well as oil and protein contents. It was verified that glyphosate, especially when used in R2, can compromise both the agronomic performance and protein contents.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA differences between strains of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) susceptible or resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis

Bacillus thuringiensis is a widely used biopesticide, but its success may be curtailed by evolution of resistance in pests. As a prelude to detailed genetic studies of resistance, we sought genetic markers in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), the first species in which resistance to B. thuringiensis has occurred in open field populations. DNA from susceptible and resistant strains was compared using optimized randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) methods. Of 117 primers tested, 75 produced 1 or more bands that were found in 1 strain but not the other. Of the 223 such bands, 105 were found only in the susceptible strain and 118 only in the resistant strain. These results show that the RAPD technique generates a sufficient number of DNA markers to allow a linkage analysis of the genes responsible for the differences in resistance among the 2 strains : assuming a random distribution of markers throughout the genome, screening of the 223 candidate RAPDs identified in this study is likely to produce several markers linked to 1 or more loci that influence susceptibility to B. thuringiensis in diamondback moth.
On a new Superfamily Artematopoidea of polyphagan beetles, with the definition of two new fossil genera from the Baltic Amber

Summary The superfamily Artematopoidea is defined, to include the families Artematopidae (Eurypogonidae auctt.), Callirhipidae (Rhipiceridae pars auctt.) and Brachypsectridae, and a new key to superfamilies of Elateriformia is provided. The known genera of Artematopidae, together with two new ones for Baltic Amber fossils, are distinguished in a key. Phylogenetic relations of and within the new superfamily are discussed.
The role of railway lines in the distribution of alien plant species in the territory of Daugavpils City (Latvia)

The study was performed based on an inventory of alien flora in Daugavpils City. During the field studies all the alien species were recorded applying a regular grid consisting of 344 quadrats of 500 m × 500 m. Data of the 84 quadrats that cover all railway lines in the city were analysed to identify relationships between the distribution of alien plants and the location of railway lines. First the obtained data were compared with the first flora inventory in the city, which was conducted from 1975 to 1983. Comparison of data of the previous inventory and those obtained by us showed that the number of the recorded alien taxa along railways differed: 95 and 38 taxa, respectively. Secondly, some factors affecting the distribution of alien species along railway lines were analysed. Obtained results indicate that the highest concentrations of alien plants occurred in areas where railways are crossing or are located close to the adjacent cultivated and abandoned allotments, areas of private houses or cemeteries. Railway management measures such as topsoil disturbance and application of herbicides were found to be important human-induced factors affecting the distribution of annual alien taxa. The results of geospatial and statistical analyses demonstrated that the geo- graphical distribution of alien species in general did not coincide with railway lines. However, the distribution of three species, i.e. Dracocephalum thymiflorum, Erysimum durum, and Lappula squarrosa, was associated only with railway lines, demonstrating the importance of railway infrastructure elements for the expansion of these species.
A simple and efficient locally mass conserving semi-Lagrangian transport scheme

A new simple and accurate locally mass conserving semi-Lagrangian (LMCSL) scheme has been constructed. Mass conservation is obtained by introducing modified interpolation weights at the upstream departure points. Thereby the total mass given off by a given Eulerian grid point to all the surrounding semi-Lagrangian (SL) departure points is equal to the cell area represented by that grid point. The new scheme is equivalent to the cell-integrated semi-Lagrangian (CISL) transport schemes in the sense that divergence—via the weights—is determined by the trajectories and not by centred differences as in traditional SL-schemes. The LMCSL scheme has been combined with the semi-implicit scheme in a shallow water model. Thereby a numerically stable and inherently mass conserving scheme permitting long time steps has been set up. Tests in plane horizontal geometry including topography give solutions very similar to those obtained with the traditional semi-implicit SL scheme. The well known mountain wave resonance problem appears to be reduced. The increase in numerical cost of the new scheme relative to traditional SL models is small, particularly when there are several passive tracers, since the same weights are used for all tracers.
Variability of Reaction Efficiencies and Pasting Properties of Acetylated Dent Corn Starch from Various Commercial Hybrids

ABSTRACT Genetic diversity in corn (maize) has contributed to variability in corn processing characteristics. Differences in acetylated dent corn starch pasting properties and reaction efficiencies due to hybrid were assessed. Ten dent corn hybrids grown during 1998 and nine dent corn hybrids grown during 1999 were wet-milled in the laboratory. Starch from each hybrid was modified using a laboratory-scale acetylation procedure. NaOH consumed and reaction time were recorded for each reaction. A Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) was used to measure starch pasting properties. Acetyl content was measured by a spectrophotometric method, from which reaction efficiency was calculated. Reaction efficiencies were observed at 35–56%. Overall reaction efficiencies for starch samples from 1998 hybrids were lower than samples from 1999 hybrids. Differences in peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, setback, and pasting temperature were found among 1998 hybrids. Differences in trough viscosity, final viscosity, and.
A phytoecological study of the mire Northern Kisselbergmosen, SE Norway. II, Identification of gradients by detrended (canonical) correspondence analysis

The vegetation of a poor mire is sampled by two procedures; 800 randomly placed sample plots made up the R data set, 765 subjectively selected plots in 153 sample plot series made up the S data set. DCA ordination and constrained ordination by DCCA of the data sets and subsets showed the existence of three coenoclines in the material: (1) the coenocline along the mire expanse: low to high median depth to the water table—mire margin gradient, (2) the poor-rich coenocline, dependent on a complex-gradient in substrate chemistry, and (3) a coenocline attributed to variation in peat productivity. Thus the assumption of Fennoscandian mire scientists embedded in numerous systems for classifying mire vegetation, that three gradients are the most important in the mire ecosystem, is partly confirmed. In the investigated area, two of the gradients normally considered make up one complex coenocline (1), and a fourth coenocline (3) has to be added. The effects of sampling techniques on correlations between coenoclines and on ordination results are discussed, and an improved sampling technique is suggested. The major faults of DCA: (1) the tongue effect, and (2) the instability, are described and discussed. It is concluded that if due attention is taken to reveal effects of the faults of the method, DCA is among the best ordination methods currently available.
Digestibilidade da dieta, parâmetros ruminais e desempenho de ovinos Santa Inês alimentados com polpa cítrica peletizada e resíduo úmido de cervejaria

Two experiments were carried out with the objective to determine the effect of replacing corn by dried citrus pulp and wet brewer grain on apparent digestibility of nutrients of the diet, ruminal parameters and performance of sheep. The diets were defined by the replacement of corn (control) by dried citrus pulp or by a mixture of wet brewer grain and citrus pulp. In experiment 1, for evaluation of intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients and ruminal parameters, 12 Santa Ines ram lambs fitted with canulas in the rumen were assigned to a randomized complete block design with three diets and four replicates. In experiment two, for performance evaluation, 48 ewe lambs were confined and fed the same diets of experiment 1. Replacement of corn by dried citrus pulp did not affect intake or digestibility of nutrients in the diet. However, the inclusion of wet brewer grain reduced intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients, with exception of NDF. Apparent digestibility of NDF was similar among diets. Inclusion of wet brewer grain in the diet decreased ruminal concentration of acetate and propionate and increased acetate/propionate ratio and ruminal pH. In general, there is no difference between the diet containing corn and that containing citrus pulp in total replacement to corn. The use of wet brewer grain, however, reduces average daily gain, final body weight and feed efficiency.
Biology and rearing of Pseudocoremia suavis, an endemic looper (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) with a history of outbreaks on exotic conifers

The life cycle and seasonal phenology of the endemic geometrid Pseudocoremia suavis (Butler) is described, as well as a method for rearing the species continuously in the laboratory on cut foliage of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don). Both males and females demonstrated developmental polymorphism, having either five (Type I) or six (Type II) larval instars. These two larval types did not differ significantly in the total development time (from egg hatch to adult) of around 60 days in either case.The development time and head capsule widths of the penultimate and ultimate instars of each type suggest that these two instars are equivalent in both Type I and Type II larvae. In the field, most instars were present throughout the sampling period from mid-November to mid-March, and no clear peaks in activity were observed for adult males caught on female-baited sticky traps. These results support the findings of others that this species does not have clearly synchronised generations. Catch data from femalebaited traps revealed that calling peaked in one-day old females, with a mean of c. 27% of catches, and declined steadily with age. About 99% of cumulative catches occurred by the time females were 12 days old.
A continuous culture apparatus for the microbial utilization of hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water in closed‐cycle space systems

Two sources of oxygen for man in closed‐cycle space system environment have been considered in previous studies: (1) photosynthesis using algae, and (2) electrolysis of water. The latter system appears to be the most promising from the standpoints of energy and weight requirements and ability to operate in a zero gravity field. The surplus hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water may be utilized together with waste carbon dioxide, part of the oxygen, and waste urea by bacteria of the genus Hydrogenomonas to produce cellular protein which might be used as a source of food. A continuous culture system for the propagation of hydrogen‐fixing bacteria consists of a baffled borosilicate glass culture vessel provided with an impeller, a reservoir vessel for the culture medium, and an overflow vessel for collecting the bacterial cells removed from the culture vessel. Complete feedback control of all parameters affecting growth can be provided by hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide sensors, and a pH electrode in the culture medium. In addition, total pressure is monitored. Cell density is controlled in the optimum range by means of a photoelectric cell which dictates the amount of fresh medium to be added and the amount of cells to be removed. Operating data indicate that some of the key parameters are the ratio of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in solution. The harvested bacterial substance is high in protein, which contains all the essential amino acids.
Emotion experience

Highly divergent accounts exist of the nature of emotional feelings. Following Lambie and Marcel (2002), that divergence is traced back to actual differences in experience that result from variations in the involvement and direction of attention during emotions. The dimensions of variation include first versus second order experience, world- versus self-focus, appraisal or action-readiness focus, and attention mode (synthetic-analytic, immersed-detached). It is argued that the most characteristic form during actual emotional events consists of the more or less immersed and synthetic perception of an emotionally meaningful world or of oneself as emotionally meaningful. Meaning consists of perceived qualities that represent appraisal and action readiness. Although information from one's body is central for all emotion experience, it is not central in all emotion experience. Feeling of the body in a particular state represents detached analytic self-focused awareness only.Emotion experience not only represents a perspective on emotional reactions but also contributes to the constitution of those reactions, notably with respect to attention shifts, action initiation and action guidance, and emotion regulation. It is a major factor in constituting a representation of “self” and in establishing social coherence.
The effects of experimental patch burning and rainfall on small mammals in the Simpson Desert, Queensland

Patch-burning is frequently advocated as a management tool to enhance the biodiversity and pasture values of spinifex (Triodia) grasslands. In the northern Simpson Desert, Queensland, pastoralists use fire to reduce the likelihood of broad-scale wildfires and improve pastures for cattle. I conducted a before–after–control–impact experiment to investigate the response of small mammals to the short-term (<1 year) effects of patch-burning between August 1999 and June 2001. The experiment was replicated at three locations subject to differing rainfalls, with two 1-ha study grids remaining unburnt as controls, and two being burnt at each location. The areas burnt ranged from 1 to 3 ha. Dasycercus cristicauda and Pseudomys desertor responded negatively to the fire treatment. Notomys alexis responded positively to the fire treatment in the final trapping session but only at one location. Factors indicative of temporal and spatial variation in rainfall, time and site had a greater effect on the abundance of small mammals than the fire treatment. Heavy rainfalls in 2000 increased seed production and prompted increases in the populations of rodent species and Dasycercus cristicauda. The greatest numbers of captures were made at the sites that received the highest rainfalls. Patch-burning regimes are likely to increase the resilience of 'fire-sensitive' species dependent on dense spinifex by reducing the extent of wildfires.
Urban stormwater quality I. Hillcrest, Hamilton, New Zealand

Abstract Water quality parameters associated with siltation (non‐volatile and volatile suspended solids), oxygen depletion (chemical and biochemical oxygen demand), nutrient enrichment (N, P), toxicity (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd), and human pathogenic micro‐organisms (coliforms, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci) were measured in baseflow and stormflow from a residential catchment in Hamilton, New Zealand, from November 1979 to December 1981. A macro‐invertebrate survey was conducted. All parameters, except nitrogen, were predominantly associated with particulate material, and closely followed suspended solids behaviour during storm runoff. The concentrations of these particulate parameters are linearly related to suspended solid concentrations, which implies a reasonable consistency in the particulate source material, probably attributable to the uniform stable land use. The runoff was enriched with nitrate (from septic tank seepage) and the particles by Zn, Pb, and Cu. There was little or no enrichment.
Distribution and abundance of dugongs in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia

Dugong abundances in Moreton Bay (south-east Queensland) were estimated during six bi- monthly aerial surveys throughout 1995. Sampling intensity ranged between 20 and 80% for different sampling zones within the Bay, with a mean intensity of 40.5%. Population estimates for dugongs were corrected for perception bias ( the proportion of animals visible in the transect that were missed by observers), and standardised for availability bias ( the proportion of animals that were invisible due to water turbidity) with survey and species-specific correction factors. Population estimates for dugongs in Moreton Bay ranged from 503 +/- 64 (s.e.) in July to 1019 +/- 166 in January. The highest uncorrected count was 857 dugongs in December. This is greater than previous population estimates, suggesting that either previous surveys have underestimated abundance and/or that this population may have increased through recruitment, immigration, or a combination of both. The high degree of variation in population estimates between surveys may be due to temporal differences in distribution and herding behaviour. In winter, dugongs were found in smaller herds and were dispersed over a wider area than in summer. The Eastern Banks region of the bay supported 80 - 98% of the dugong population at any one time. Within this region, there were several dugong 'hot spots' that were visited repeatedly by large herds. These 'hot spots' contained seagrass communities that were dominated by species that dugongs prefer to eat. The waters of Rous Channel, South Passage and nearby oceanic waters are also frequently inhabited by dugongs in the winter months. Dugongs in other parts of Moreton Bay were at much lower densities than on the Eastern Banks.
Resource Partitioning in Summer by Salmonids in South-Central Lake Ontario

Abstract During the summers of 1981 and 1982, we studied resource partitioning by stocked lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, brown trout Salmo trutta, and chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha by fishing vertical gill nets at six distances from shore in south-central Lake Ontario. The nets were set at depths of approximately 15–45 m (nearshore stations, <4 km offshore) and more than 55 m (offshore stations, 4–24 km offshore). Salmonids were concentrated near shore, where they partitioned available habitat and, thus, food resources. Horizontal habitat was partitioned with respect to distance from shore; vertical habitat was partitioned in relation to temperature and the thermocline. Salmonids foraged for the most available prey items within their habitat. Overlaps in both food use and horizontal habitat use were inversely related to overlap in use of vertical habitat. There was increased habitat separation between sexes for those species caught farther from shore, At the salmonid stocking and prey density .
An observation operator for ground-based GPS slant delays

An observation operator for the Global Positioning System (GPS) Slant Total Delay (STD) observations is developed. The operator is implemented in the High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM) for data assimilation of tropospheric humidity information contained in the geodetic estimates of microwave signal phase delays. The observation operator integrates refractivity along the signal path between the satellite and the receiver to obtain STD. The signal path is solved using the geometrical path, as given by the geometrical azimuth and zenith angles of the satellite as viewed at the receiver, as the starting point. The tropospheric effect on the signal path is accounted for. A preliminary validation of the operator has been performed against observational data. Model counterparts are compared with the geodetic estimates of Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) and STD. The bias and standard deviation between modelled and observed STD are −1.0 and 1.7 cm, respectively, at zenith, and −7.2 and 8.6 cm, respectively, at zenith angle 80◦.
Specialization in Secondary Xylem of Dicotyledons. I. Origin of Vessel

1. Tracheids are characterized by great average length, small cross-sectional diameter, angularity of outline, evenly thickened walls, thin walls, and the absence of a distinct end wall. 2. Vessel segments which retain these primitive characteristics nearly always have scalariform perforations; the scalariform perforation is therefore primitive. 3. There is a high correlation between the diffuse arrangement of vessels and the scalariform condition of the end wall. 4. Vessel segments with scalariform perforations are characterized by scalariform lateral pitting; therefore scalariform lateral pitting is primitive, and this leads to the natural inference that the tracheid type from which the vessel was derived was also scalariform. 5. A high correlation was found between the scalariform condition of the lateral walls of vessel segments and the presence of bordered pits in the fibrous elements. 6. There was some evidence to indicate that a sequence from the protoxylem to the secondary xylem would reflect the origin of the vessel. 7. Many primitive woods show, in this positional sequence, all transitions from scalariform tracheids to scalariform vessel segments. 8. The evidence would indicate that vessel segments with scalariform pitting on both the end and side walls are more primitive than vessel segments with scalariform pitting on the end walls and opposite to alternate pitting on the side walls. 9. The wood of the vessel-less angiosperms Trochodendron, Tetracentron, and Drimys is unquestionably very primitive. The primitive tracheids of these genera resemble, to a considerable degree, the scalariform tracheids characteristic of the primary wood of primitive angiosperms.
What Do Long-Term Care Staff Know About the Differences Between Depression and Dementia?

A cross-sectional study was conducted of 159 long-term care staff who completed a series of questionnaires on knowledge of dementia and knowledge of depression, a series of forced-choice questions on the differentiation between dementia and depression, and a demographics questionnaire. Relative to professional staff, paraprofessional staff had lower scores in depression knowledge and differentiation knowledge. All staff had accurate knowledge of dementia. Differences in knowledge between type of staff were based on job type rather than level of education. Educational interventions about dementia have been effective in the long-term care community; however, there is a need for increased on-the-job training regarding depression in older adults in order to improve the ability to differentiate depression from dementia, especially for paraprofessional staff.