Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rate and State Simulation of Two Experiments With Pore Fluid Injection Under Creep Conditions

This study uses a spring‐block model and rate and state friction to simulate experiments conducted in a double direct‐shear apparatus on carbonate fault gouge (Scuderi et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.08.009) and on shale bearing rock (Scuderi & Collettini, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb016084). Both sets of experiments used the same loading protocol and injected pore fluid under creep conditions. When velocity strengthening rate and state friction is used to simulate the experiments on the carbonate fault gouge the results agree well with the observed onset of tertiary creep in the experiment. Thus, the simulation reinforces the observation that pore fluid injection can induce rapid slip even when the friction relation is velocity strengthening. The rate and state framework provides an interpretation alternative to the standard one of the Mohr's circle moving to the left as pressure increases. In the rate and state framework, the friction coefficient must increase with pore pressure increase. The shale has a low nominal friction coefficient (0.28) and is much more velocity strengthening than the carbonate. The simulation agrees with the observations that increases in pore pressure induce an increase in slip velocity but the magnitudes reach only about 100 microns/s by the end of the experiment. The simulation for the shale also agrees well with the magnitude of the observed displacement at the end of the experiment but observed displacement is increasing much more rapidly the calculated. Although the calculations agree well with features of the observations near failure, the overall curves of displacement and velocity are significantly different.
ENTIRE FUNCTIONS WITH FINE ASYMPTOTIC ESTIMATES FOR CONVEX FUNCTIONS

In the paper we propose an entire function such that the logarithm of its modulus asymptotically approximates the given subharmonic function (Re z ), where is the Legendre transformation of a convex function ℎ(t ) on (−1; 1). Such functions have applications in the issues on representation by exponential series of functions in integral weighted spaces on the interval (−1; 1) with the weight exp ℎ(t ). At that, better the ap- proximation, a finer topology can be used for the representation by exponential series. For functions ℎ obeying (1 − |t |) n = �� (exp(ℎ(t ))), n ∈ N, the corresponding entire func- tions were constructed before. In the present paper we consider the functions satisfying exp(ℎ(t )) = o ((1 − |t |) n ), n ∈ N. In the suggested construction we take into considera- tion the necessary conditions for the distribution of exponents for the exponentials in the unconditional bases obtained in previous works. This is why the main result of the paper (Theorem 1) should be treated not as a tool for constructing unconditional bases but as an argument supporting the absence of such bases.
MelodyDiffusion: Chord-Conditioned Melody Generation Using a Transformer-Based Diffusion Model

Artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning, has begun to permeate various real-world applications and is continually being explored in automatic music generation. The approaches to music generation can be broadly divided into two categories: rule-based and data-driven methods. Rule-based approaches rely on substantial prior knowledge and may struggle to handle large datasets, whereas data-driven approaches can solve these problems and have become increasingly popular. However, data-driven approaches still face challenges such as the difficulty of considering long-distance dependencies when handling discrete-sequence data and convergence during model training. Although the diffusion model has been introduced as a generative model to solve the convergence problem in generative adversarial networks, it has not yet been applied to discrete-sequence data. This paper proposes a transformer-based diffusion model known as MelodyDiffusion to handle discrete musical data and realize chord-conditioned melody generation. MelodyDiffusion replaces the U-nets used in traditional diffusion models with transformers to consider the long-distance dependencies using attention and parallel mechanisms. Moreover, a transformer-based encoder is designed to extract contextual information from chords as a condition to guide melody generation. MelodyDiffusion can automatically generate diverse melodies based on the provided chords in practical applications. The evaluation experiments, in which Hits@k was used as a metric to evaluate the restored melodies, demonstrate that the large-scale version of MelodyDiffusion achieves an accuracy of 72.41% (k = 1).
Local Uniformization on Algebraic Varieties

1. In [10] (p. 650) we have proved a uniformization theorem for zero-dimensional valuations on an algebraic surface, over an algebraically closed ground field K (of characteristic zero). In the present paper we generalize this theorem to algebraic varieties, and on the basis of this generalization we obtain a solution of the problem of local uniformization in the classical case (i.e. when K is the field of complex numbers). The exact formulation of the generalized theorem, in its strongest form, will be given in A III and A IV. However, to begin with, we state here the following theorem which is literally a repetition of our theorem for surfaces, with the surface replaced by a variety, and which will be included in our final result: THEQREM U1. The Uniformization Theorem in invariantive form: Given a field 2 of algebraic functions of r independent variables, over an algebraically closed ground field K of characteristic zero, and given a zero-dimensional valuation B of 2, there exists a projective model V of 2 on which the center of B is at a simple point P. This theorem is in effect entirely invariantive in nature: it refers exclusively to the field 2 and to the valuation B of 2. It asserts the existence of uni-
Accurate identification for control: the necessity of an iterative scheme

If approximate identification and model-based control design are used to accomplish a high-performance control system, then the two procedures must be treated as a joint problem. Solving this joint problem by means of separate identification and control design procedures practically entails an iterative scheme. A frequency-response identification technique and a robust control design method are used to set up such an iterative scheme. Each identification step uses the previously designed controller to obtain new data from the plant. The associated identification problem has been solved by means of a coprime factorization of the unknown plant. The technique's utility is illustrated by an example. >
Retinitis Pigmentosa: Current Clinical Management and Emerging Therapies

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a group of inherited retinal dystrophies characterized by the degeneration of rod photoreceptors, followed by the degeneration of cone photoreceptors. As a result of photoreceptor degeneration, affected individuals experience gradual loss of visual function, with primary symptoms of progressive nyctalopia, constricted visual fields and, ultimately, central vision loss. The onset, severity and clinical course of RP shows great variability and unpredictability, with most patients already experiencing some degree of visual disability in childhood. While RP is currently untreatable for the majority of patients, significant efforts have been made in the development of genetic therapies, which offer new hope for treatment for patients affected by inherited retinal dystrophies. In this exciting era of emerging gene therapies, it remains imperative to continue supporting patients with RP using all available options to manage their condition. Patients with RP experience a wide variety of physical, mental and social-emotional difficulties during their lifetime, of which some require timely intervention. This review aims to familiarize readers with clinical management options that are currently available for patients with RP.
Pyroelectricity in polymers

Abstract The piezo- and the pyroelectric properties of poled polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers arise primarily from the ferroelectric orientation of the C-F dipoles rather than trapped space charges. Composite films, consisting of ceramic powder, introduced in PVDF matrix, combine the mechanical strength of polymeric films with high piezo- and pyroelectric responses of the ceramics. Present paper provides a brief review of the nature and origin of pyroelectricity in (i) PVDF, (ii) its copolymer vinylidene fluroide-trifluoroethylene (BDF-TrFE) and (iii) their composites (polymer-ceramic).
Influence of Dipo Rite Performance on the Girl Child’s Education and the People of Yilo and Lower Manya Krobo

This paper investigates the impact of the Dipo rite performance on the education of Ghana's Yilo and Lower Manya Krobo girls and their communities. The Dipo rite is a Yilo and Lower Manya Krobo tradition that entails the initiation of girls into womanhood. It is deeply rooted in their culture. It has been discovered, however, that the practise has detrimental effects on the education, health, and economic well-being of females and their families, frequently leading to early marriage and school dropout. Using social learning theory as a theoretical framework, this paper investigates how cultural practises such as the Dipo rite performance are learned and transmitted across generations, as well as the potential for behaviour modification through modelling and reinforcement. The paper examines empirical studies that examined the attitudes of parents, community leaders, and the larger society towards the Dipo rite performance and its effect on girls' education. The findings suggest that interventions that promote positive attitudes towards girls' education and discourage detrimental traditional practises could result in behaviour modification among parents, community leaders, and the larger society. In its conclusion, the paper suggests a multifaceted approach to addressing the issue, including community sensitization, the involvement of local leaders, and government policies that support girls' education.
Normal modes in external acoustics. Part I: Investigation of the one-dimensional duct problem

One of the simplest problems of external acoustics is investigated. It is the one dimensional duct problem with fully absorbing ends. This is equivalent to an internal problem with mixed or Robin type boundary conditions. The one-dimensional time-harmonic boundary value problem can be solved analytically. It is possible to determine eigenvalues. These eigenvalues go to infinity if non-reflecting boundary conditions are considered. After this analytic solution, the problem is reformulated and discretized by means of finite elements. The algebraic eigenvalue problem is derived and the solution is represented in terms of normal modes. The applications section contains discussion on eigenvalue distribution in complex plane and on convergence of eigenvalues in terms of mesh size. Then, appearance of complex modes will be checked. Finally, we investigate solution convergence for mode superposition techniques. For that, three sorting criteria will be compared for the fully absorbing case and for the lightly damped case as well.
Finite element structural analysis of LHC bending magnet

FE-calculations have been carried out for the cross-section of the 56 mm superconducting LHC dipole prototype with aluminium common collar and a vertically split yoke. The structure has been studied at room temperature and at 1.8 K both energized and non-energized. Collaring and assembly procedure were also modeled. Considerations are also made about the influence of the tolerances on the behaviour of the structure.
A Prompt-Based Topic-Modeling Method for Depression Detection on Low-Resource Data

Depression has a large impact on one’s personal life, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. People have been trying to develop reliable methods for the depression detection task. Recently, methods based on deep learning have attracted much attention from the research community. However, they still face the challenge that data collection and annotation are difficult and expensive. In many real-world applications, only a small number of or even no training data are available. In this context, we propose a Prompt-based Topic-modeling method for Depression Detection (PTDD) on low-resource data, aiming to establish an effective way of depression detection under the above challenging situation. Instead of learning discriminating features from a small amount of labeled data, the proposed framework turns to leverage the generalization power of pretrained language models. Specifically, based on the question-and-answer routine during the interview, we first reorganize the text data according to the predefined topics for each interviewee. Via the prompt-based framework, we then predict whether the next-sentence prompt is emotionally positive or not. Finally, the depression detection task can be achieved based on the obtained topicwise predictions through a simple voting process. In the experiments, we validate the effectiveness of our model under several low-resource data settings. The results and analysis demonstrate that our PTDD achieves acceptable performance when only a few training samples or even no training samples are available.
On the linearity of cross-correlation delay times in finite-frequency tomography

SUMMARY We explore the validity of the linear relation between cross-correlation delay times and velocity model perturbations that is required for linearized finite-frequency tomography. We estimate delay times from a large number of ‘ground truth’ seismograms computed with the spectral element method in 3-D models. We find that the observed cross-correlation delays remain sufficiently linear, depending on frequency, for sharp velocity contrasts of up to 10 per cent in a checkerboard model. This significantly extends the domain of linearity beyond that of inversions based on direct waveform differences. A small deviation from linearity can be attributed to the Wielandt effect (i.e. the asymmetry in the effect of positive and negative anomalies on the traveltime). Smoother Gaussian covariance models can have velocity variations twice as large and cross-correlation delay times still remain sufficiently linear for tomographic interpretations.
Simulated observations of, and flow interactions with, discs

This thesis presents simulations of the dynamics and radiation processes in accretion discs around young protostars. Firstly the dust continuum and molecular line emission from a graviationally unstable, 0. 4M_sol disc around a young 1M_sol mass protostar are calculated. Such massive, unstable discs are thought to be an early stage in the evolution of low mass protostars and the gravitational instabilities in them provide a method of transferring angular momentum outwards and mass inward when there is insufficient ionised material for magnetic instabilities to provide such torques. The potential for observations of such a disc in continuum and line emission with ALMA is explored using radiative transfer and synthetic observations and four molecular traces of spiral structure are identified. Secondly, radiation-hydrodynamic models of accretion discs around 10M_sol protostars of varying radii are presented. The effects of different driving parameters and accretion luminosity are explored. The resulting density distribution is analysed in order to distinguish between ionised and neutral material. The amount of mass lost, the linear and rotational velocity of the winds and the division of the mass between the slow, dense disc wind and the fast rarefied polar wind is analysed for each of the models. The amount of visible mass lost through the disc is found to be strongly related to the luminosity of the disc and most of the disc mass is launched from the inner regions rather than mass loading further out. Finally radiative transfer modeling and synthetic observations are performed for the hydrodynamic models from the previous chapter. These include radio free-free emission, ionised carbon forbidden lines and hydrogen recombination lines. These are compared to observations of discs around MYSOs. The radio free-free emission is used as the input to a telescope simulation in order to provide synthetic interferometer observations with the e-Merlin radio telescope network.
Effects of the Oral Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Agonist C21 in Sugen-Hypoxia Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

Substantial evidence supports the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in pulmonary hypertension (PH), and the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) is known to exert tissue protective actions. The effect of the selective AT2R agonist C21 (also known as Compound 21 or buloxibutid) was evaluated in the rat Sugen-hypoxia PH model. After a single injection of Sugen 5416 and hypoxia for 21 days, C21 (2 or 20 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered perorally twice daily from Day 21 to Day 55. On Day 56, hemodynamic assessments were performed, and lung and heart tissue were prepared for quantification of cardiac and vascular remodeling and fibrosis. Treatment with C21 20 mg/kg improved cardiac output and stroke volume and decreased right ventricular hypertrophy (all p < 0.05). Treatment with C21 2 mg/kg significantly decreased vessel wall and muscular layer thickness and increased the luminal opening in vessels >100 μm (all p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two C21 doses on any parameter, and post hoc analyses comparing the merged C21 groups with the vehicle group showed that C21 treatment reduced vascular remodeling (reduced endothelial proliferation and thickening of the vascular wall) in vessels of all sizes; moreover, the diastolic pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular pressure were reduced along with reduction of right ventricular hypertrophy. Sugen 5416 and hypoxia increased pulmonary collagen deposition, which was counteracted by C21 20 mg/kg. In conclusion, the effects of C21 on vascular remodeling, hemodynamic alterations, and fibrosis suggest that AT2R agonists may have a role in Group 1 and 3 PH treatment.
Fabrication of Interleukin-4 Encapsulated Bioactive Microdroplets for Regulating Inflammation and Promoting Osteogenesis

Background Despite the inherent regenerative ability of bone, large bone defect regeneration remains a major clinical challenge for orthopedic surgery. Therapeutic strategies medicated by M2 phenotypic macrophages or M2 macrophage inducer have been widely used to promote tissue remodeling. In this study, ultrasound-responsive bioactive microdroplets (MDs) encapsulated with bioactive molecule interleukin-4 (IL4, hereafter designated MDs-IL4) were fabricated to regulate macrophage polarization and potentiate the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Materials and Methods The MTT assay, live and dead staining, and phalloidin/DAPI dual staining were used to evaluate biocompatibility in vitro. H&E staining was used to evaluate biocompatibility in vivo. Inflammatory macrophages were further induced via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation to mimic the pro-inflammatory condition. The immunoregulatory role of the MDs-IL4 was tested via macrophage phenotypic marker gene expression, pro-inflammatory cytokine level, cell morphological analysis, and immunofluorescence staining, etc. The immune-osteogenic response of hBMSCs via macrophages and hBMSCs interactions was further investigated in vitro. Results The bioactive MDs-IL4 scaffold showed good cytocompatibility in RAW 264.7 macrophages and hBMSCs. The results confirmed that the bioactive MDs-IL4 scaffold could reduce inflammatory phenotypic macrophages, as evidenced by changing in morphological features, reduction in pro-inflammatory marker gene expression, increase of M2 phenotypic marker genes, and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Additionally, our results indicate that the bioactive MDs-IL4 could significantly enhance the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs via its potential immunomodulatory properties. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the bioactive MDs-IL4 scaffold could be used as novel carrier system for other pro-osteogenic molecules, thus having potential applications in bone tissue regeneration.
An empirical analysis for software robustness vulnerability in terms of modularity quality

Modern software architectures such as microservices provide a high degree of scalability, changeability, and maintainability in application development. Furthermore, enabling controlled failure of microservices can provide abstract‐level solutions to design more resilient applications. In this paper, we introduce modularity vulnerability to analyze the vulnerability of a modular software design model under the failure of m top‐rank modules by the proposed structural metrics. The study analyzes the modularity quality coefficient (MQC) under the failure of the critical modules identified using the proposed parameter‐based greedy strategy. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of the software design generated by well‐known models and online datasets and provide a perspective for reasoning about the correlation between modularity metrics. The results show that the failure of the modules with the highest cluster factor (CF) value leads to a maximum decrease in the software modularity quality. Finally, we show a linear correlation between CF and the variations of the MQC, implying stability in the software modularity analysis (SMA) problem.
The discrete‐time H∞ control problem with measurement feedback

This paper is concerned with the discrete-time H8 control problem with measurement feedback. We extend previous results by having weaker assumptions on the system parameters. We also show explicitly the structure of H8 controllers. Finally, we show that it is in certain cases possible, without loss of performance, to reduce the dynamical order of the controllers.