Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acid-base homeostasis of blood and pH of abomasum in calves fed non-acidified and acidified milk replacer

Experiments were conducted on calves divided into three groups, 6 animals in each, to determine the influence of the intake of non-acidified and acidified milk replacer on the level of acid-base homeostasis in venous blood. The milk replacer was supplied at a dose of 700 g dry matter in 8 l of the liquid in two feedings. The milk replacer was acidified by adding formic acid to ensure the concentration of 0.2% in milk replacer. Venous blood was collected before feeding and 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after feeding. The samples were analyzed for blood pH, actual bicarbonate HC O - 3 (mmol/l), base excess BE (mmol/l), partial pressure of carbon dioxide pCO 2 (kPa) and partial pressure of oxygen pO 2 (kPa). Significant changes were observed in calves fed acidified milk of albumin type. The mean daily values of acid-base parameters in these calves were significantly lower in comparison with animals fed non-acidified milk replacer and reached the following levels: pH 7.343 ± 0.032 ( P < 0.05), HCO 3 24.49 ± 2.13 mmol/l (P < 0.01), BE 1.11 ± 1.97 mmol/l (P < 0.001). A similar tendency but of a more pronounced decrease in values was recorded in the group of calves fed acidified milk replacer of casein type: pH 7.312 ± 0.022 ( P < 0.01), HCO - 3 21.73 ± 0.75 mmol/l (P < 0.001), BE 96 ± 0.86 mmol/l (P < 0.001). In relation to the time after feeding the group of calves fed non-acidified milk replacer showed a rising tendency in the level of metabolic components (HCO - 3 ), compensated by respiratory regulating mechanisms (rise in pCO 2 ) conducive to the maintenance of optimum blood pH level. The group of calves fed acidified milk replacer (formic acid 2 ml/l) of the albumin type showed metabolic acidosis with subsequent gradual adjustment and compensation by means of metabolic (HCO - 3 ) rather than respiratory regulation mechanisms. The calves fed acidified casein type milk replacer displayed metabolic acidosis with insufficient metabolic regulation and more intensive respiratory compensation (decrease in pCO 2 ). Concurrent investigations of the abomasum acidity and blood acid-base homeostasis reflected the joint action of both the acidifying effect of formic acid and significantly lower production of bicarbonate (HCO - 3 ) related to the intake of acidified milk and the tendency to the development of metabolic acidosis.
Policy Recommendations to Address High Risk of COVID-19 Among Immigrants.

The health and economic consequences of COVID-19 will be devastatingly widespread, but the populations that will suffer most are those who have experienced longstanding health disparities. For example, emerging evidence strongly suggests that incidence and case fatality rates are higher among Blacks than Whites.1 Immigrants are among the groups most likely to experience disproportionate effects from COVID-19. Unlike race/ethnicity, however, nativity and citizenship status are not included on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) coronavirus case report form,2 so data regarding testing and spread across immigrant groups are likely to remain scarce. Information from other health and social surveys-including data that I present in Table 1-suggest that noncitizens experience barriers to physical distancing that will place them at high risk of contracting COVID-19 and have high levels of disadvantage that leave them vulnerable to its economic effects. I recommend three policy changes to address the high health and economic risk among noncitizens, goals that are in the best interest of public health and the broader economy. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 25, 2020: e1-e3. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305792).
Association Between Lifestyle Factors, Vitamin and Garlic Supplementation, and Gastric Cancer Outcomes

Key Points Question Are lifestyle factors associated with increased risk of gastric cancer (GC), and are they associated with changes in the long-term effects of vitamin and garlic supplementation on GC prevention in high-risk populations in China? Findings In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial with 3365 participants, smoking, but not alcohol intake, was associated with increased risk of GC incidence and mortality; the beneficial effect of garlic supplementation on GC prevention was stronger for individuals who did not drink alcohol. Meaning The findings of this study provide evidence on the association of lifestyle factors with GC in high-risk populations and suggest that mass GC prevention strategies should be tailored to specific population subgroups to maximize potential beneficial effects.
Parasitic Infection Surveillance in Mississippi Delta Children

Abstract. Some recent studies suggest ongoing transmission of parasitic diseases in the American South; however, surveys in Mississippi children are lacking. We enrolled 166 children (median age 8 years, range 4–13 years) from the Mississippi Delta region and carried out multi-parallel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Strongyloides stercoralis on their stool samples. Dried blood spots were obtained for multiplex serology antibody detection. Of 166 children, all reported having flushable toilets, 11% had soil exposure, and 34% had a pet dog or cat. None had prior diagnosis or treatment of parasitic disease. Multi-parallel real-time PCRs were negative on the 89 stool DNA extracts available for testing. Dried blood spot testing of all 166 children determined the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to Toxocara spp. (3.6%), Cryptosporidium (2.4%), S. stercoralis, Fasciola hepatica, and Giardia duodenalis (all 0%). In conclusion, parasitic infections and exposure were scarce in this population. Larger studies of at-risk populations are needed.
EVALUATION OF SOME CUCURBITACEOUS ROOTSTOCKS 1- FOR RESISTANCE / SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ROOT- KNOT NEMATODE AND FUSARIUM WILT UNDER SCREEN-HOUSE CONDITIONS

Southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium wilt, Fusarium oxysporum are the most serious soil borne diseases in soil of cucumber. The present study aimed to evaluate some cucurbit rootstocks for their resistance and/or susceptibility to root-knot nematode and fusarium wilt fungus in two successive seasons (2009 and 2010) under screen-house conditions. Data indicated that in autumn season, winter squash ( Cucurbita maxima) was highly resistant and resistant when the pots were inoculated with M. incognita only or nematode plus fungus, respectively. Lagenaria sicenaria rootstock was moderately resistant in both cases of inoculation. Other rootstocks were susceptible to nematode or nematode plus fungus except Luffa aegyptiaca , as it was highly susceptible to nematode. While, in spring season, Benincasa hispida and hybrid 6001 were moderately resistant to infection by the root-knot nematode. Other rootstocks were susceptible to nematode or nematode plus fungus except Cucurbita moschata, Luffa acutangula, and Cucumis sativus var.Hesham, as they were highly susceptible to M. incognita only. Also, Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa acutangula and Cucumis sativus var. Hesham were highly susceptible to nematode and fungus. The results obtained on the enzyme contents showed that some cucurbit rootstocks exhibited the highest contents of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and lignin contents being the lowest in some rootstocks. Significant and highly significant reductions in shoot and root fresh weights, root and shoot lengths were recorded in the most cucurbit rootstocks in autumn and spring seasons as a result of nematode , nematode plus fungus or fungus infections compared to non- infected rootstocks.
Oestrus, ovarian activity and embryo survival in ewes grazing high and low oestrogenic red clover

In two trials, ewes (n = 16 per group) that were potential recipients for embryo transfer grazed on a high oestrogenic red clover (Pawera), anewly developed low oestrogenic red clover (G27) and Ryegrass-White clover (Control) pastures. The ewes grazed the respective pastures during 12 days of intravaginal sponge insertion, and for a further 23 days after induced oestrus. The mean (& sd) interval from sponge removal to oestrus was shorter (PcO.05) in control (42.0 + 12.1 h) than Pawera (58.5 5 16.0 h) and G27 (52.6 f 13.0 h) groups in trial 1 and comparable intervals in trial 2 were 42.3 & 6.3 h, 46.3 + 4.5 h and 51.3 f 17.0 h respectively. In both the trials, number of ovular ewes and ovulation rate were lower (P-&OS) in Pawera ewes. The mean (k sd) ovulation rate in Pawera, G27 and control ewes in trial 1 was 0.63 + 0.62,1.63 + 0.71 and 1.93 f 1 . oO, it was 0.3 1 4 0.71,1.17 f 0.93 and 1.53 f 0.52 for the three groups in trial 2. Following the transfer into suitable recipients of two embryos per ewe post mortem examination at 35 days showed an implantation rate of 50%, 90% and 85% in Pawera, G27 and control groups in trial 1 and 50%, 50% and 69% in trial 2. It was concluded that G27, a low oestrogenic red clover is safer than Pawera red clover in terms of oestrous activity and ovulation rate when grazed around mating.
Differences in Treatment Outcomes and Prognosis between Elderly and Younger Patients Receiving Definitive Radiotherapy for Cervical Cancer

The aim was to compare the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of cervical cancer between elderly and younger women, and to explore which treatment strategy is more appropriate for elderly patients. We retrospectively reviewed patients with cervical cancer receiving definitive radiotherapy (RT) between 2007 and 2016, and divided them into two age groups: age < 70 vs. age ≥ 70. The clinical outcomes were compared between the two age groups. The median follow-up was 32.2 months. A total of 123 patients were eligible, 83 patients in group 1 (age < 70), and 40 patients in group 2 (age ≥ 70). Patients in group 2 received less intracavitary brachytherapy (ICRT) application, less total RT dose, and less concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), and tended to have more limited external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) volume. The treatment outcomes between the age groups revealed significant differences in 5-year overall survival (OS), but no differences in 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS), 66.2% vs. 64.5%, and other loco-regional control. In multivariate analyses for all patients, the performance status, pathology with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and ICRT application were prognostic factors of CSS. The elderly patients with cervical cancer had comparable CSS and loco-regional control rates, despite receiving less comprehensive treatment. Conservative treatment strategies with RT alone could be appropriate for patients aged ≥ 70 y/o, especially for those with favorable stages or histopathology.
Tree Species Distribution along Environmental Gradients in an Area Affected by a Hydroelectric Dam in Southern Amazonia

We describe the patterns of composition and abundance of tree species and their relationships to environmental factors in an area affected by the Jirau hydroelectric dam on the Madeira River in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. Trees were sampled in 20 1‐ha forest plots distributed among areas affected and unaffected by the hydroelectric reservoir. Predictors of species distribution included in the analyses were soil fertility (sum of bases) and texture, slope, and the vertical distance from the nearest drainage. We sampled 8504 individuals belonging to 909 species/morphospecies. Floristic differences occurred throughout the reservoir area and between the sides of the river, and were strongly associated with edaphic and geological factors. The predictor with the greatest effect on the floristic changes was the sum of bases, coupled with the vertical distance from the nearest drainage, the latter reflecting the influence of the riparian zone. The forests sampled were heterogeneous and included transitional formations between unflooded terra firme and seasonally inundated (varzea, campinarana) forests. Although a considerable number of species (253) were restricted to plots affected by the reservoir, most of these species have a widespread distribution in the Amazon region. However, conservation measures are required in order to preserve species associations and ecosystems processes similar to those most affected by the reservoir such as the river floodplains. Our study reinforces the need to consider the heterogeneity of habitats affected by reservoirs when making decisions concerning the building of hydroelectric dams in the Amazon.
CD36 and GPR120 Methylation Associates with Orosensory Detection Thresholds for Fat and Bitter in Algerian Young Obese Children

Background: The spontaneous preference for dietary fat is regulated by two lingual lipid sensors (CD36 and GPR120) in humans and rodents. Our objective was to investigate whether obesity in children is associated with methylation of lipid sensor genes, and whether this alteration was implicated in altered gustatory perception of fat and bitter and increased preference of palatable foods. Methods: School children were recruited and classified according to their body mass index (BMI) z-score into two groups: obese and lean children. The detection of orosensory perception for oleic acid and 6-n-propylthiouracil was assessed by using a 3-alternative forced-choice test. After blood DNA extraction, methylation patterns were investigated by methylation-specific PCR. The children were also subjected to a food habit questionnaire. Results: Obese children showed higher lipid and bitter detection thresholds than lean children. Besides, more obese children presented higher methylation level of the CpG sites than lean participants. Interestingly, CD36 and GPR120 gene methylation was associated with high lipid detection thresholds in obese participants. The obese participants preferred highly palatable fat-rich food items, associated with CD36 and GPR120 gene methylation. Conclusion: Epigenetic changes in CD36 and GPR120 genes might contribute to low orosensory perception of fat and bitter taste, and might be, consequently, critically involved in obesity in children
Mass-normalized internal mechanical work in walking is not impaired in adults with class III obesity.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the obesity on the internal mechanical work, and its influence on the total mechanical work, energy cost, mechanical efficiency in obese and non-obese adults while walking at different speeds. Body composition and anthropometrical characteristics were obtained for eleven obese (O; 39.9±7.9 yr; BMI: 43.0±4.2 kg.m-2) and thirteen lean adults (L; 29.6±5.7 yr; BMI: 22.0±1.5 kg.m-2). Participants walked at five speeds (0.56, 0.83, 1.11, 1.39, 1.67 m·s-1) while oxygen consumption was measured to obtain net energy cost of walking (NCw). A motion analysis system and instrumented treadmill were combined to obtain external (Wext), internal (Wint) and total (Wtot) mechanical work, and pendular energy recovery. Mechanical efficiency was calculated as the ratio of Wtot to NCw. Relative NCw (per unit body mass) was significantly higher in O than L (P≤0.001). Relative Wext was significantly lower in O compared to L (P=0.002), whereas no significant difference was found in relative Wint (P=0.16) and Wtot (P=0.6). Recovery was significantly higher (P≤0.001), while mechanical efficiency was significantly lower in O than in L (P≤0.001). These results suggest that individuals with obesity class III have similar mass-normalized Wint and Wtot compared to their lean counterparts, along with a higher relative NCw. Consequently, the efficiency of walking was reduced in this population. These results suggest that mass-normalized Wint is unaffected by the obesity and is not responsible for the higher relative NCw and lower efficiency of walking in these individuals.
The OsGSK2 Kinase Integrates Brassinosteroid and Jasmonic Acid Signaling by Interacting with OsJAZ4

OsGSK2 directly interacts with and destabilizes OsJAZ4 to activate JA-mediated defense signaling. The crosstalk between brassinosteroid (BR) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling is crucial for plant growth and defense responses. However, the detailed interplay between BRs and JA remains obscure. Here, we found that the rice (Oryza sativa) Glycogen synthase kinase3 (GSK3)–like kinase OsGSK2, a conserved kinase serving as a key suppressor of BR signaling, enhanced antiviral defense and the JA response. We identified a member of the JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) family, OsJAZ4, as a OsGSK2 substrate and confirmed that OsGSK2 interacted with and phosphorylated OsJAZ4. We demonstrated that OsGSK2 disrupted the OsJAZ4-OsNINJA complex and OsJAZ4-OsJAZ11 dimerization by competitively binding to the ZIM domain, perhaps helping to facilitate the degradation of OsJAZ4 via the 26S proteasome pathway. We also showed that OsJAZ4 negatively modulated JA signaling and antiviral defense and that the BR pathway was involved in modulating the stability of OsJAZ4 protein in an OsCORONATINE INSENSITIVE1–dependent manner. Collectively, these results suggest that OsGSK2 enhances plant antiviral defenses by activating JA signaling as it directly interacts with, phosphorylates, and destabilizes OsJAZ4. Thus, our findings provide a clear link between BR and JA signaling.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Automated Social Text Annotation With Joint Multilabel Attention Networks

—Automated social text annotation is the task of suggesting a set of tags for shared documents on social media platforms. The automated annotation process can reduce users’ cognitive overhead in tagging and improve tag management for better search, browsing, and recommendation of documents. It can be formulated as a multilabel classiﬁcation problem. We propose a novel deep learning-based method for this problem and design an attention-based neural network with semantic-based regularization, which can mimic users’ reading and annotation behavior to formulate better document representation, leveraging the semantic relations among labels. The network separately models the title and the content of each document and injects an explicit, title-guided attention mechanism into each sentence. To exploit the correlation among labels, we propose two semantic-based loss regularizers, i.e., similarity and subsumption, which enforce the output of the network to conform to label semantics. The model with the semantic-based loss regularizers is referred to as the joint multi-label attention network (JMAN). We conducted a comprehensive evaluation study and compared JMAN to the state-of-the-art baseline models, using four large, real-world social media data sets. In terms of F 1 , JMAN signiﬁcantly outperformed bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU) relatively by around 12.8%–78.6% and the hierarchical attention network (HAN) by around 3.9%–23.8%. The JMAN model demonstrates advantages in convergence and training speed. Further improvement of performance was observed against latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM). When applying the semantic-based loss regularizers, the performance of HAN and Bi-GRU in terms of F 1 was also boosted. It is also found that dynamic update of the label semantic matrices (JMAN d ) has
Exposure to media and fear and worry about COVID‐19

1. World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Situation Report – 133, 1 June 2020. [Cited 8 July 2020]. Available from URL: https://www.who. int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/ 20200601-covid-19-sitrep-133.pdf? sfvrsn=9a56f2ac_4 2. Grover S, Dua D, Sahoo S, Mehra A, Nehra R, Chakrabarti S. Why all COVID-19 hospitals should have mental health professionals: The importance of mental health in a worldwide crisis! Asian J. Psychiatry 2020; 51: 102147. 3. Badrfam R, Zandifar A. Stigma over COVID-19; New conception beyond individual sense. Arch. Med. Res. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. arcmed.2020. 05.006 4. Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Fighting COVID-19 in Iran: Economic challenges ahead. Arch. Iran. Med. 2020; 23: 284. 5. Badrfam R, Zandifar A. Coronavirus disease 2019 in Iran: The need for more attention to primary health care. Public Health 2020; 182: 187. 6. Shariati B, Ardebili ME, Shalbafan M. Working in the emergency and inpatient COVID-19 special wards: A different experience for Iranian psychiatric trainees amid the outbreak. Asian J. Psychiatry 2020; 51: 102157. 7. Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian J. Psychiatry 2020; 51: 101990. 8. Zandifar A, Badrfam R. COVID-19: Considering the prevalence of schizophrenia in the coming decades. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 288: 112982. 9. Ransing R, Adiukwu F, Pereira-Sanchez V et al. Early career psychiatrists’ perspectives on the mental health impact and care of the COVID19 pandemic across the world. Asian J. Psychiatry 2020; 51: 102085. 10. Goyal K, Chauhan P, Chhikara K, Gupta P, Singh MP. Fear of COVID 2019: First suicidal case in India! Asian J. Psychiatry 2020; 49: 101989.
NONINVASIVE GENETIC SAMPLING TOOLS FOR WILDLIFE BIOLOGISTS: A REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACCURATE DATA COLLECTION

Abstract Noninvasive genetic sampling provides great potential for research and management applications in wildlife biology. Researchers can obtain DNA from a variety of sources including hair, feces, urine, feathers, shed skin, saliva, and egg shells without handling or observing animals. These samples can then be used to identify the presence of rare or elusive species, count and identify individuals, determine gender, and identify diet items, or samples can be used to evaluate genetic diversity, population structure, and mating system. We review the recent advancements and techniques used for identifying species, individuals, and gender. We also address the potential pitfalls of noninvasive genetic sampling and provide recommendations for laboratory- and field-based methods to improve the reliability and accuracy of data collected from noninvasive genetic samples.
Trueness of Intraoral Scanners Considering Operator Experience and Three Different Implant Scenarios: A Preliminary Report.

PURPOSE To evaluate the trueness of two intraoral scanners in different clinical situations and considering operator experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two intraoral scanner systems were used to perform a total of 120 digital impressions of three master casts reproducing three scenarios (single implant, two implants, and four implants [full-arch]). Two operators, one experienced and one unexperienced, were selected. RESULTS No differences were found between the two operators. A statistically significant correlation was found with regard to the scanning system used and the clinical scenario analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this preliminary report, operator experience seems not able to significantly influence the trueness of a digital impression; however, imprecision increased in the full-arch cases for both operators. The twoimplant scenario presented similar trueness values for both scanner systems.