Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L'élaboration des plans de gestion des réserves naturelles, bien plus qu'un simple exercice de style

La parution en 1991 du premier Guide methodologique des plans de gestion des reserves naturelles venait conclure pres de cinq annees de reflexion au sein de la Commission scientifique de la Conference permanente des reserves naturelles (CPRN, 1991). En s'inspirant des travaux similaires menes sur les « management plans » des espaces proteges du Royaume-Uni (Wood, 1983 ; Nature Conservancy Council, 1988), ce travail avait comme objectif de transposer et d'adapter cette demarche au contexte des reserves naturelles et des autres espaces proteges francais. La realisation de ce guide methodologique fut menee de front avec une validation grandeur nature sur 10 reserves naturelles et une reserve naturelle volontaire 1. Cette publication, accueillie avec un enthousiasme mitige au sein du reseau des reserves naturelles et des reserves naturelles volontaires, correspondait pourtant a un reel besoin des gestionnaires. Il fallut attendre quatre annees pour que la circulaire n°95-47 du 28 mars 1995, relative aux plans de gestion ecologiques des reserves naturelles du ministere de l'Environnement, stipule la necessite que chaque reserve naturelle soit dotee d'un plan de gestion ecologique. Plus recemment, ce guide methodologique a fait l'objet d'une mise a jour (Reserves naturelles de France, 1998). Depuis 1996, Reserves naturelles de France (RNF) est membre du Conseil national de protection de la nature et de son Comite permanent ; ses deux representants successifs, Roger Esteve puis Frederic Bioret, ont participe a l'examen de nombreux plans de gestion au sein de cette instance. Actuellement, certaines reserves en sont a leur second, voire a leur troisieme plan de gestion, mais seulement 73 2 des 150 reserves naturelles de France sont dotees d'un plan de gestion agree par leur comite consultatif puis par le Conseil national de protection de la nature. Ce texte rassemble une serie de commentaires, reflexions et conseils destines aux gestionnaires de reserves et d'autres types d'espaces proteges, dans le but d'optimiser cet exercice qui peut sembler de prime abord fastidieux, contraignant et difficile.
Resistance evaluation of transgenic Bt maize to Oriental armyworm

The Oriental armyworm,Mythimna separata(Walker),is an important insect pest of maize.Planting transgenic Bt maize is a new way for the control of corn borers.Monsanto' s YieldGard transgenic Bt maize expressing Cry1Ab protein and a non-Bt control were evaluated through laboratory bioassays by exposing 1st-3rd instar larvae of Oriental army worm directly to whorl leaves.The 1st-3rd instar larvae fed on Bt maize leaves could lead to 39.0%-92.0%,96.0%-98.0%,and 97.0%-100% mortalities within 3,7,and 10 days,respectively.All larvae could not survive longer than 14 days.There were significant difference compared with only 3.0%-8.0%,6.0%-20.0%,and 11.0%-28.0% mortalities for the non-Bt control.The development of larvae was also severely inhibited when feeding on Bt maize.Larvae survived 10 days on Bt maize leaves weighted only 9% of that on non-Bt control.Field trials were also conducted with artificial infestations of 1st-6th instar larvae into the maize whorl at V4-V7 stage,respectively.There were only 0.0-6.7% of survival on Bt maize.In contrast,there were 8.3%-80.0% of survival on non-Bt control,which were significantly higher than Bt maize.Damage ratings of Bt maize were 0.1-0.7,which were significantly lower than 2.1-7.3 of non-Bt control.These results indicated that YieldGard could provide good controls to Oriental armyworm and protect maize well from the damage.
Impact of Sex and Smoking on the Efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in Terms of Overall Survival in Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background: To comprehensively understand the impact of sex and smoking on the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy in terms of overall survival (OS) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus were searched from inception to March 17, 2019. OS was analyzed based on hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and estimated using the random effects model. Results: Our meta-analysis included 22 studies involving 11,874 patients. In the primary analysis, we found no statistically significant efficacy difference for EGFR-TKI intervention between females and males (pooled HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.87–1.04, P = 0.30) and no obvious efficacy difference between never smokers and ever smokers (pooled HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.76–1.09, P = 0.31). In the subgroup analysis of placebo control treatment, we found that female NSCLC patients who received EGFR-TKI therapy had a longer OS than male patients (pooled HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75–1.00, P = 0.04), while smoking status showed no significant effect on the efficacy of EGFR-TKI treatment in terms of the OS of NSCLC patients in all subgroup analyses. Conclusion: The efficacy of EGFR-TKI therapy for NSCLC patients is independent of smoking status but dependent on sex, and females have a longer OS than males.
Forage Pearl Millet and Marigold as Rotation Crops for Biological Control of Root-Lesion Nematodes in Potato

Risk of crop damage by root-lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans Cobb] (RLN) can be minimized through rotation with suppressive crops or fumigation. Forage pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum L. 'Canadian Forage Pearl Millet Hybrid 101' (CFPM 101)] was ranked against a known suppressive host [marigold (Tagetes erecta L. 'CrackerJack')], a known supportive host [rye (Secale cereale L. 'Danko')], grain pearl millet ['Canadian Grain Pearl Millet Hybrid 1' (CGPMH-1)], and forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. 'Cauadian Forage Sorghum Hybrid 17' (CFSH-17)] during rotation-susceptible crop cycles with potato (Solanum tuberosum L. 'Russet Norkotah'). In the two experiments (A and B), fewer soil RLN were found in CFPM 101 and marigold than in rye plots in both the rotation and potato crop years. Potato roots contained fewer RLN after marigold (445 and 193 g root -1 for Exp. A and B, respectively) than after rye (4063 and 4358 g root -1 for Exp. A and B, respectively), even postfumigation after rye (1223 and 972 g root -1 for Exp. A and B, respectively). Potato root RLN counts were less after CFPM 101 (1571 g root -1 ) than after rye (nonfumigated) in Exp. A. Potato yield correlated negatively with the soil RLN population. Total (Exp. B) and marketable (Exp. A) potato yields were greater following CFPM 101 or marigold than following the rye (nonfumigated) rotation and were equal to the rye-fumigated rotation with one exception (greater total yield after marigold than rye-fumigated in Exp. B.) Based on these two field experiments, we conclude that CFPM 101 controls RLN in the subsequent potato crop.
Exploiting Sphingo- and Glycerophospholipid Impairment to Select Effective Drugs and Biomarkers for CMT1A

In Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A (CMT1A), Schwann cells exhibit a preponderant transcriptional deficiency of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. This perturbed lipid metabolism affects the peripheral nerve physiology and the structure of peripheral myelin. Nevertheless, the identification and functional characterization of the lipid species mainly responsible for CMT1A myelin impairment currently lack. This is critical in the pathogenesis of the neuropathy since lipids are many and complex molecules which play essential roles in the cell, including the structural components of cellular membranes, cell signaling, and membrane trafficking. Moreover, lipids themselves are able to modify gene transcription, thereby affecting the genotype–phenotype correlation of well-defined inherited diseases, including CMT1A. Here we report for the first time a comprehensive lipid profiling in experimental and human CMT1A, demonstrating a previously unknown specific alteration of sphingolipid (SP) and glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolism. Notably, SP, and GP changes even emerge in biological fluids of CMT1A rat and human patients, implying a systemic metabolic dysfunction for these specific lipid classes. Actually, SP and GP are not merely reduced; their expression is instead aberrant, contributing to the ultrastructural abnormalities that we detailed by X-ray diffraction in rat and human internode myelin. The modulation of SP and GP pathways in myelinating dorsal root ganglia cultures clearly sustains this issue. In fact, just selected molecules interacting with these pathways are able to modify the altered geometric parameters of CMT1A myelinated fibers. Overall, we propose to exploit the present SP and GP metabolism impairment to select effective drugs and validate a set of reliable biomarkers, which remain a challenge in CMT1A neuropathy.
MicroRNA-221/222 Inhibits the Radiation-Induced Invasiveness and Promotes the Radiosensitivity of Malignant Meningioma Cells

The controversy of adjuvant radiotherapy of meningiomas is at least partially due to the insufficient understanding on meningioma cells' response to irradiation and the shortage of radiosensitivity-promotion methods. MicroRNA-221 and microRNA-222 were identified as critical regulators of radiosensitivity in several other tumors. However, their effect in meningiomas has yet to be confirmed. Therefore, the malignant meningioma IOMM-Lee cells were adopted, transfected with microRNA-221/222 mimics or inhibitors, and irradiated with different dosages. The effects of radiation and microRNA-221/222 were then assessed in vitro and in vivo. Radiation dose increases and microRNA-221/222 downregulation synergistically inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, prevented xenograft tumor progression, and promoted apoptosis, but antagonistically regulated cell invasiveness. Pairwise comparisons revealed that only high-dose radiations (6 and 8 Gy) can significantly promote cell invasiveness in comparison with unirradiated counterparts. Further comparisons exhibited that downregulating the microRNA-221/222 expression can reverse this radiation-induced cell invasiveness to a level of untransfected and unirradiated cells only if cells were irradiated with no more than 6 Gy. In addition, this approach can promote IOMM-Lee's radiosensitivity. Meanwhile, we also detected that the dose rate of irradiation affects cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis of IOMM-Lee. A high dose rate irradiation induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis-promoting effect. Therefore, for malignant meningiomas, high-dose irradiation can facilitate cell invasiveness significantly. Downregulating the microRNA-221/222 level can reverse the radiation-induced cell invasiveness while enhancing the apoptosis-promoting and proliferation-inhibiting effects of radiation and promoting cell radiosensitivity.
Is Person-Group Value Congruence Always a Good Thing? Values and Well-Being Among Maladjusted Teens and Their Peers

In the present study, we analyzed relationships between values, well-being, and person-group value consistency in two samples: teens under court-mandated supervision (n = 51) and teens from the general population (n = 49). Results showed that supervised teens experienced lower satisfaction with life, placed more value in stimulation, hedonism, and power, and less in universalism and benevolence. They also experienced lower satisfaction when they valued stimulation, hedonism, and face, and higher satisfaction when they valued conformity-rules and universalism-tolerance. These results show that valuing the things that the group also values at a high level (here: for hedonism and stimulation) may not always be a positive force, especially when the environment is problematic, whereas going against the values of the maladjusted group (here: for universalism) may be beneficial for well-being. However, when we calculated a direct index of person-group congruence, it correlated positively with satisfaction among supervised teens for the values of achievement, stimulation, security-personal, and universalism-concern, whereas congruence for power-dominance correlated with satisfaction negatively among the supervised teens, suggesting a slight but direct limit to the congruence effect.
Phenotypic correlations between some external and internal egg quality traits in Gramapriya layers.

Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata-37,West Bengal, India. *Corresponding author. e-mail: tapan1232@rediffmail.com. ABSTRACT: In a study, 360 nos of eggs were randomly collected from 80 birds from a flock of Gramapriya layers for a period of twelve weeks and assessed individually for the evaluation of the egg quality traits and to study the phenotypic correlations between some external and internal egg quality traits. The average values of egg weight, shape index, shell ratio, and average shell thickness were found to be 56.34g, 83.92%, 10.13% and 0.39 mm, respectively. The values related to albumen index , albumen height , albumen weight , albumen ratio , yolk diameter , yolk height , yolk index , yolk ratio and average values related to Haugh Unit (HU) were 0.33 %, 8.28 mm, 34.16g, 61.81%, 26.23 mm, 18.13 mm, 15.24g, 64.01% , 8.05% and 88.24% respectively. All the internal quality traits of the eggs, except the yolk ratio, were found to have significant positive correlations with the weight of the egg. The study indicates that as the albumen height improved the Haugh Unit also improved and as the egg weight increased heights of both the albumen and yolk also increased. Results achieved in the study in relation with external and internal quality traits of Gramapriya layer eggs may assist the breeders for further improvement of the breed.
Biomechanics of Third Window Syndrome

Third window syndrome describes a set of vestibular and auditory symptoms that arise when a pathological third mobile window is present in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear. The pathological mobile window (or windows) adds to the oval and round windows, disrupting normal auditory and vestibular function by altering biomechanics of the inner ear. The most commonly occurring third window syndrome arises from superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD), where a section of bone overlying the superior semicircular canal is absent or thinned (near-dehiscence). The presentation of SSCD syndrome is well characterized by clinical audiological and vestibular tests. In this review, we describe how the third compliant window introduced by a SSCD alters the biomechanics of the inner ear and thereby leads to vestibular and auditory symptoms. Understanding the biomechanical origins of SSCD further provides insight into other third window syndromes and the potential of restoring function or reducing symptoms through surgical repair.
Regulation of AtKUP2 Expression by bHLH and WRKY Transcription Factors Helps to Confer Increased Salt Tolerance to Arabidopsis thaliana Plants

Potassium transporters play an essential role in maintaining cellular ion homeostasis, turgor pressure, and pH, which are critical for adaptation under salt stress. We identified a salt responsive Avicennia officinalis KUP/HAK/KT transporter family gene, AoKUP2, which has high sequence similarity to its Arabidopsis ortholog AtKUP2. These genes were functionally characterized in mutant yeast cells and Arabidopsis plants. Both AoKUP2 and AtKUP2 were induced by salt stress, and AtKUP2 was primarily induced in roots. Subcellular localization revealed that AoKUP2 and AtKUP2 are localized to the plasma membrane and mitochondria. Expression of AtKUP2 and AoKUP2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain (BY4741 trk1Δ::loxP trk2Δ::loxP) helped to rescue the growth defect of the mutant under different NaCl and K+ concentrations. Furthermore, constitutive expression of AoKUP2 and AtKUP2 conferred enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis indicated by higher germination rate, better survival, and increased root and shoot length compared to the untreated controls. Analysis of Na+ and K+ contents in the shoots and roots showed that ectopic expression lines accumulated less Na+ and more K+ than the WT. Two stress-responsive transcription factors, bHLH122 and WRKY33, were identified as direct regulators of AtKUP2 expression. Our results suggest that AtKUP2 plays a key role in enhancing salt stress tolerance by maintaining cellular ion homeostasis.
MMP-9, Vertebrobasilar Ectasia and Vertebral Artery Dominance in Vertigo or Dizziness Patients With Vascular Risk Factors

Background and Purpose: Although vertebrobasilar ectasia (VBE) is diagnosed with increasing frequency, it is not clear whether this is because of altered hemodynamics caused by the effects of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and/or vertebral artery dominance (VAD). Therefore, we investigate the relationship between plasma levels of MMPs and VBE in patients with vertigo or dizziness who also have vascular risk factors, in order to determine whether high levels of MMPs in VBE are independent of VAD. Methods: We prospectively studied 285 patients with vertigo or dizziness and at least one vascular risk factor. Plasma levels of MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and cathepsin L were measured. Subjects were classified as VBE-negative or VBE-positive, who were further classified based on the presence of VAD with magnetic resonance angiography. Acute ischemic stroke was screened by diffusion-weighted imaging, generally after bedside evaluation and the drawing of blood samples. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the utility of these potential biomarkers in predicting risk for ischemic stroke. Results: The prevalence of VBE in patients with vertigo or dizziness was 16.5%. Of the 82 patients with ischemic stroke, 14 strokes involved the cortex or subcortex. MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in the VBE-positive group than in the VBE-negative group (P = 0.022). There was a significant difference in the risk of posterior circulation ischemic stroke between the VBE-positive group and the VBE-negative group (P = 0.002). Levels of MMP-2 and cathepsin L tended to be higher in the VBE-negative group (P = 0.054, P = 0.060, respectively). Compared with the non-VAD subgroup, levels of MMP-2,−3,−9, TIMP-1,−2, and cathepsin L were similar in the VAD subgroup. ROC analysis showed that MMP-9 predicted risk for ischemic stroke (AUC = 0.582, 95%CI, 0.510–0.654, P = 0.030). Conclusions: MMP-9 was associated with VBE and independent of VAD. High levels of MMP-9 may predict risk for ischemic stroke in patients with vertigo or dizziness who also have vascular risk factors.
Increased Expression on Innate Immune Factors in Placentas From HIV-Infected Mothers Concurs With Dampened Systemic Immune Activation

Innate immunity is one of the main protection mechanisms against viral infections, but how this system works at the maternal-fetal interface, especially during HIV infection, is still poorly known. In this study, we investigated the relationship between pregnancy and innate mechanisms associated with HIV immunity by evaluating the expression of DAMPs, inflammasome components and type I/III IFNs in placenta and serum samples from HIV-infected mothers and exposed newborns. Our results showed that most of these factors, including HMGB1, IL-1, and IFN, were increased in placental villi from HIV-infected mothers. Curiously, however, these factors were simultaneously repressed in serum from HIV-infected mothers and their exposed newborns, suggesting that pregnancy could restrict HIV immune activation systemically but preserve the immune response at the placental level. An effective local antiviral status associated with a suppressed inflammatory environment can balance the maternal immune response, promoting homeostasis for fetal development and protection against HIV infection in neonates.
The Use of a Serious Game to Assess Inhibition Mechanisms in Children

The design and implementation of a serious game (SG) concerning inhibition skills in children are presented. The SG consists of a set of activities, each eliciting the tendency to respond in an immediate and inappropriate (wrong) way. The SG is based on the Dual Pathway model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) proposed by Sonuga-Barke and on the Unity/Diversity model of executive functions proposed by Miyake. In the SG, children must block impulsive tendencies, reflect upon the situation, inhibit irrelevant thoughts, and find the non-immediate solution. A study was carried out by testing the SG on typically developing primary school children (30 children, 16 boys; age, M = 9.30 years, SD = 0.87) to verify that it measures the same variables addressed by tests usually employed to assess attention ability in children and to diagnose ADHD. Three standardized tasks belonging to the Italian Battery for ADHD were administered, as well as an ad hoc questionnaire devised to check the acceptability, usability, and comprehensibility of the SG. Positive correlations between impulsiveness as measured by standard tests and impulsiveness scores in the SG emerged. These findings support the notion that skills associated with the control of impulsivity are involved in the SG. Furthermore, self-report ratings in the questionnaire showed that the SG is easy to be understood, is engaging, and elicits positive reactions in children.
Molecular Characteristics and Zoonotic Potential of Salmonella Weltevreden From Cultured Shrimp and Tilapia in Vietnam and China

Salmonella Weltevreden is increasingly reported from aquatic environments, seafood, and patients in several Southeast Asian countries. Using genome-wide analysis, we characterized S. Weltevreden isolated from cultured shrimp and tilapia from Vietnam and China to study their genetic characteristics and relatedness to clinical isolates of S. Weltevreden ST-365. The phylogenetic analysis revealed up to 312 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference between tilapia isolates, whereas isolates from shrimp were genetically more closely related. Epidemiologically unrelated isolates from Vietnam were closely related to isolates from China, e.g., 20 SNPs differences between strains 28V and 75C. In comparison with strains from other parts of the world, our environmental isolates predominantly clustered within the continental South Asia lineage, constituted mostly of strains from human stool with as low as seven SNPs difference, e.g., 30V versus Cont_ERR495254. All sequenced isolates were MLST type ST-365 and contained the major virulence-related genes encoded by the Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands 1–5. Ten of the isolates harbored the IncFII(S) plasmid similar to the virulence genes-mediated plasmid pSPCV of S. Paratyphi C, and one isolate had the IncQ1 plasmid on the same contig with strA/B, sul2, and tetA resistance genes similar to the IncQ1 type, pNUC of S. Typhimurium. A pangenomic analysis yielded 7891 genes including a core genome of 4892 genes, with a closely related accessory genome content between clinical and environmental isolates (Benjamini p > 0.05). In a search for differences that could explain the higher prevalence of S. Weltevreden in aquatic samples, genomes were compared with those of other Salmonella enterica serovars. S. Weltevreden revealed specific regions harboring glpX (Fructose-1;6-bisphosphatase; class II), rfbC (dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3;5-epimerase), and cmtB (PTS Mannitol-specific cryptic phosphotransferase enzyme IIA component) involved in carbohydrate biosynthesis pathways. Our study builds grounds for future experiments to determine genes or pathways that are essential when S. Weltevreden are in aquatic environments and microbial interactions providing survival advantages to S. Weltevreden in such environments.