Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Set-class and chord : examining connection between theoretical resemblance and perceived closeness

This study examined connections between pitch-class set-theoretical abstract concepts, set-classes, and perceptual estimations of chords derived from the set-classes. The study had two aims, the first of which was to compare theoretical resemblance with perceived closeness. Another aim was to illuminate and analyze both factors relevant for perceptual estimations of chords and factors relevant for theoretical resemblance. The study also analyzed a selection of theoretical resemblance models. The models were socalled similarity measures. Statistical analyses of distributions of values produced by these measures were made. It turned out that the values produced by different measures could not be compared with one another because the distributions of values differed so much from one measure to another. Hence, the values were modified into percentiles. In the empirical part of the study, pentachords derived from pentad classes were used. Closeness between pentachords was rated by subjects. The subjects also rated the pentachords one at a time on nine semantic scales. The subjects’ closeness ratings were compared with similarity values as percentiles calculated by nine pitch-class set-theoretical similarity measures. A rather high connection was found between theoretical set-class similarity and aurally estimated chordal closeness. The underlying factors guiding perceptual estimations of chords were examined. The methods used were multidimensional scaling, hierarchical clustering, and factor analysis. The first (and the most important) factor guiding perception of both chord pairs and single chords was the degree of consonance of the test chords, which could also be explained by theoretical consonance models. Another factor was the chords’ association with some traditional tonal chord. The chords’ association with the whole-tone collection was the third factor guiding closeness ratings, while the combination of the width and register of the chords was the third factor guiding single-chord ratings. An additional factor guiding closeness ratings was the number of common pitches between two chords.
Neutrophil Activation Extracellular Acidification Induces Human

In the current work, we evaluated the effect of extracellular acidiﬁcation on neutrophil physiology. Neutrophils suspended in bicarbonate-buffered RPMI 1640 medium adjusted to acidic pH values (pH 6.5–7.0) underwent: 1) a rapid transient increase in intracellular free calcium concentration levels; 2) an increase in the forward light scattering properties; and 3) the up-regulation of surface expression of CD18. By contrast, extracellular acidosis was unable to induce neither the production of H 2 O 2 nor the release of myeloperoxidase. Acidic extracellular pH also modulated the functional proﬁle of neutrophils in response to conventional agonists such as FMLP, precipiting immune complexes, and opsonized zymosan. It was found that not only calcium mobilization, shape change response, and up-regulation of CD18 expression but also production of H 2 O 2 and release of myeloperoxidase were markedly enhanced in neutrophils stimulated in acidic pH medium. Moreover, extracellular acidosis signiﬁcantly delayed neutrophil apoptosis and concomitantly extended neutrophil functional lifespan. Extracellular acidiﬁcation induced an immediate and abrupt fall in the intracellular pH, which persisted over the 240-s analyzed. A similar abrupt drop in the intracellular pH was detected in cells suspended in bicarbonate-supplemented PBS but not in those suspended in bicarbonate-free PBS. A role for intracellular acidiﬁcation in neutrophil activation is suggested by the fact that only neutrophils suspended in bicar-bonate-buffered media (i.e., RPMI 1640 and bicarbonate-supplemented PBS) underwent signiﬁcant shape changes in response to extracellular acidiﬁcation. Together, our results support the notion that extracellular acidosis may intensify acute inﬂammatory responses by
Electron-Electron Interactions in Quantum Point Contacts and Finite Quantum Wires

This thesis is on the effect of electron-electron interactions on the transport properties in two cases: (A) Finite length clean quantum wires and (B) point-like constrictions. In both situations, the system is connected adiabatically to noninteracting leads. The main difference between the two cases is that the finite length quantum wire has approximately translational symmetry and the pointlike constriction does not. Therefore the electron-electron interaction have to conserve momentum in the case of finite quantum wires (A), but not for point-like constrictions (B). In both cases, the change in conductance G and thermopower S due to interactions are considered. Common for both cases is that without interactions the conductance is 2e 2 h times the number of modes and the thermopower is exponentially suppressed at low temperatures T , i.e. ∝ e−TF/T (TF being the Fermi temperature). This thesis present three main effects of interactions: • (A) In a single mode quantum wire two-particle interactions cannot change the distribution of electrons due to momentum and energy conservation. Therefore multi-mode wires are considered and we find that the interaction induced resonances in the conductance and thermopower at particular values of the Fermi level (i.e. gate voltage). The magnetic field splitting of the resonances provide a unique signature of the effect. • (A) Three-particle collisions in a single-mode finite wire can change the electron distribution, but the contribution to the conductance and thermopower turns out to be exponentially suppressed in temperature to lowest order in the interaction. However, several interesting properties of the tree-particle scattering rate are found. • (B) For a point-like constriction, two-particle scattering can change the current even for a single-mode. Therefore a weak interaction V0 changes the current as I(T, V )/V ≃ 2e2 h − α|V0|T 2 − γ|V0|V 2 and the thermopower as S ∝ |V0|T 3 for low temperature T and/or small bias V (α and γ being constants). Furthermore, the noise is reduced compared to the single-particle case. In a large magnetic field, the interaction among electrons of equal spin suppress the low-temperature corrections to the transport properties by two extra powers of temperature. The conductance versus temperature (for B = 0) beyond the perturbative regime was found in a self-consistent 2nd order approach. Based on numerical results, we conjecture that the conductance approach ∼ e/h for higher temperatures, however, still lower than TF. These results are all in qualitative agreement with experimental studies on the 0.7 anomaly in quantum point contacts. On the technical side, the Boltzmann equation approach is used for the finite quantum wires whereas the Green’s function approach is used for the point-like constriction. In both cases, the regime of weak interactions are studied using perturbation theory to second order in the interaction.
The cytoplasmic domain of Fc g RIIA (CD32) participates in phagolysosome formation

Signaling motifs located within the cytoplasmic domain of certain receptors contribute to lysosome fusion. Most studies have described lysosome fusion with re-spect to endocytic receptors. Phagolysosome fusion has not been extensively studied. To test the hypothesis that the tail of Fc g RIIA participates in phagolysosomal fusion, a “reverse” genetic complementation system was used. It was previously shown that complement receptor type 3 (CR3) can rescue the phagocytic activity of a mutant Fc g RIIA lacking its cytoplasmic domain (tail-minus form). This system has allowed us to study Fc g receptor–dependent phagocytosis and phagolysosome fusion in the presence and absence of the cytoplasmic domain of Fc g RIIA. Fluorescent dextran was used to label lysosomes. After target internalization, wild-type Fc g RIIA–mediated phagolysosome formation was observed as indicated by colocalization of ﬂuorescent dextran and the phagosome. In addition, when studying mutants of Fc g RIIA containing a full-length cytoplasmic tail with the 2 ITAM tyrosines mutated to phenylalanine, (1) phagocytosis was abolished, (2) CR3 restored phagocytosis, and (3) lysosomal fusion was similar to that observed with the wild-type receptor. In contrast, in the presence of CR3 and the tail-minus form of Fc g RIIA, internalized particles did not colo-calize with dextran. Electron microscopy revealed that the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase colocalized with immunoglobulin G–coated targets internalized by wild-type Fc g RIIA but not by tail-minus Fc g RIIA and CR3. Thus, the tail of Fc g RIIA contributes to phagolysosome fusion by a mechanism that does not require a functional ITAM sequence. (Blood. 2001;98: 3429-3434) © by
Working Capital Management and National Culture

Earlier research illustrates that national culture influences financial decision making. In working capital management, the research has been limited and the various results regarding this relationship have been ambiguous. However research has been limited and the results can differ. Therefore, this study concentrates on the relationship between the difference on national cultural dimensions and working capital practices, using the sample of eight culturally differing countries with the total of 240 observations for the year 2014. The national cultural dimensions are based on Hofstede’s framework. By using multiple regression models, the connection between national cultural dimensions and working capital is verified and relationships are detected. Individualism versus collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity versus femininity provide proof of an existing relationship between national cultural dimensions and working capital practices and efficiency, namely cash conversion cycle. The results of this study suggest that national cultural cause differences to working capital management practices between countries. The length of the cash conversion cycle seems to change depending on the national cultural score of the country. Managers need to take this cultural impact into consideration when operating in international business environment and developing working capital practices.
Associative Functions: Triangular Norms And Copulas

The functional equation of associativity is the topic of Abel's first contribution to Crelle's Journal. Seventy years later, it was featured as the second part of Hilbert's Fifth Problem, and it was solved under successively weaker hypotheses by Brouwer (1909), Cartan (1930) and Aczel (1949). In 1958, B Schweizer and A Sklar showed that the “triangular norms” introduced by Menger in his definition of a probabilistic metric space should be associative; and in their book Probabilistic Metric Spaces, they presented the basic properties of such triangular norms and the closely related copulas. Since then, the study of these two classes of functions has been evolving at an ever-increasing pace and the results have been applied in fields such as statistics, information theory, fuzzy set theory, multi-valued and quantum logic, hydrology, and economics, in particular, risk analysis.This book presents the foundations of the subject of associative functions on real intervals. It brings together results that have been widely scattered in the literature and adds much new material. In the process, virtually all the standard techniques for solving functional equations in one and several variables come into play. Thus, the book can serve as an advanced undergraduate or graduate text on functional equations.
University of Birmingham Lockup agreements and survival of UK IPOs

: This paper examines the role of lockup agreements on the survival of 580 UK Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) during the period of 1990–2011. Our accelerated failure time (AFT) survival model shows a statistically and economically significant effect of lockup length on the post-IPO survival. A 12 month increase in median lockup period increases the (median) survival time by 27%. Furthermore, the failure rates for IPOs with longer lockups are consistently lower than the failure rates for IPOs with shorter lockups regardless of delisting reasons. The results are robust to choice of different survival estimation models, heterogeneity, clustering, and alternative specification of variables. Our results highlight the importance of lockup characteristics on the subsequent survival of newly listed firms and inform recent debate regarding alleged short-termism in the UK equity market. (Paper received February, 2013; revised version accepted December, 2013).
Information Asymmetry and firm value: Is Vietnam different?1

Using firm-level data from 250 non-financial companies with 2,500 firm-year observations collecting from two stock exchange markets in Vietnam covering a 10-year period from 2008 to 2017, this paper examines the relationship between information asymmetry and firm value in Vietnamese firms. The findings reveal that fundamentally, information asymmetry in Vietnamese firms has a negative impact on firm value. Although this conclusion is consistent with that in the literature underlying by pecking order and agency cost theories, the value of information asymmetry related variables is higher than that in similar studies conducted in other developed countries. The results also find that the financial leverage in Vietnamese firms is higher than in other developed countries but can only play a limited role in mitigating the negative impact of information asymmetry on firm value. All in all, the findings relating to all variables used in the study highlight that Vietnam is a typical emerging country because there is a clear distance with other developed countries.
Percutaneous Stent Placement for Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction: A Comparison between T- and Crisscross-configuration Techniques Crisscross-configuration 기법의 비교

Introduction: To compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous stent placement between T- and crisscross-configuration techniques in patients with advanced malignant hilar biliary obstruction. Methods: Between April 2006 and December 2013, 51 patients (mean 69.0 years, range 47–88 years) who underwent percutaneous stent placement for malignant hilar obstruction were included in this retrospective study. T-configured stent placement (T group) was performed in 30 patients and crisscross-configured stent placement (crisscross group) in 21 patients. Technical and clinical success, complications, stent patency, and patient survival were compared between the two groups. Results: Stent placement was technically successful in all patients of the two groups. Hemobilia caused by tumor bleeding was observed in two patients of T group (6.7%, p = .341). Clinical success was achieved in 25 (83.3%) patients of T group and 18 (85.7%) of crisscross group ( p = .570). During follow-up period (20– 541 days [median, 112 days]), stent occlusion occurred in 14 (56.0%, 14 of 25) of the patients in T group and 4 (22.2%, 4 of 18) of the patients in crisscross group ( p = .027). Additionally, re-intervention was required for initially undrained hepatic = . 103). (median 315 days) was longer than that of T group (median 157 days) ( p = .047). Conclusions: Early clinical effectiveness is comparable between the two techniques. However, crisscross-configured stent placement was better than T-configuration providing longer stent patency and less requirement of re-intervention.
The ptsH, ptsI, and crr Genes of the Escherichia coli Phosphoenolpyruvate-Dependent Phosphotransferase System: a Complex Operon with Several Modes of Transcription

The ptsH, ptsl, and crr genes, coding for three of the proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) (HPr, enzyme I, and enzyme IIIGIC, respectively) have been studied by determination of their nucleotide sequence and analysis of their expression. The three genes constitute an operon, but analysis of the ptsH, ptsl, and crr transcripts by Northern (RNA) blotting revealed the existence of three major mRNA species. One encompassed the three cistrons, a second one the ptsH gene and part of the ptsl gene, and the third one only the distal gene crr. The short crr transcripts were initiated inside the ptsl open reading frame at points which were identified by S1 mapping. Expression of the genes was studied in vivo by using operon and protein fusions between the lacZ gene and the ptsH, ptsl, or crr gene on IncW low-copy-number plasmids. The present study showed that (i) theptsH, ptsl, and crr genes exhibited high basal expression, (ii) transcription of the ptsH and ptsl genes was stimulated threefold by the cyclic AMP-cyclic AMP receptor protein complex and also by growth on glucose, but only in the presence of an active enzyme IIGIc, (iii) crr-specific expression was not sensitive to the complex or to growth on glucose, and (iv) under the growth conditions tested, the major part of crr transcription was initiated from internal promoters.
Statistics against irritations: a response to Dickens's apologists

In a recent article (arXiv:0909.2479) I reported the results of the test, where the takers had to tell the prose of Charles Dickens from the prose of Edward Bulwer-Lytton. The former is a required reading in school, and the latter has a bad writing contest named after him. Nevertheless, the test-takers performed on the level of random guessing. This research has met much criticism, which I refute the in the present article.
Design of a collector shape for uniform flow distribution in microchannels

The focus of this study is the design of a collector with the objective of achieving uniform flow in multiple parallel microchannels. This objective is achieved by understanding the limitations of current designs and a novel design is proposed, which is further carefully optimized. The existing collector shape considered is U-type, which is investigated numerically. The creation of a stagnation zone, growth of a boundary layer along the collector wall and low/high velocity zones in the collector are identified as the prime causes of flow maldistribution. A novel design, a dumbbell shape collector, is proposed to overcome the limitations of the earlier designs. The dumbbell shape is evaluated quantitatively and is found to perform better than all existing shapes. This dumbbell shape collector provides a uniform flow distribution with less than 0.4% relative difference from the average flow rate in different channels, which is substantially better than existing collectors with 2.3% relative difference from the average flow rate for Rech = 32. The uniformity is further confirmed using micro-particle image velocimetry measurements. The dumbbell shape collector is generalized and optimized to cater to heat sinks of different dimensions and to broaden its applicability in both micro and macro dimensions.
Relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees working in a public undertaking: a pilot study

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Job satisfaction and Organizational commitment of employees working in public undertaking in India. The study focused on assessing the nature of relationship of the two variables, using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. This was a correlational pilot study, targeting a sample of 60 employees (1:1 sex ratio), who are currently working at a public undertaking organization. The study used The Organizational Commitment questionnaire to assess the level of commitment employees have towards their organization and to assess the levels of satisfaction employees present towards their job, The Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire was used. The study found a strong positive (+0.01) relationship between Job satisfaction and Organizational commitment. The study also found that male employees have higher levels of Job satisfaction and Organizational commitment when compared to female employees for the same designation and under the same organization. The study was unable to find a definitive cause behind this, as the cause-effect was out of interest of this research.
tRNA His -guanylyltransferase establishes tRNA His identity

Histidine transfer RNA (tRNA) is unique among tRNA species as it carries an additional nucleotide at its 5 0 terminus. This unusual G (cid:2) 1 residue is the major tRNA His identity element, and essential for recognition by the cognate histidyl-tRNA synthetase to allow efficient His-tRNA His formation. In many organisms G (cid:2) 1 is added post-transcriptionally as part of the tRNA maturation process. tRNA His guanylyltransferase (Thg1) specifically adds the guanylyate residue by recognizing the tRNA His anticodon. Thg1 homologs from all three domains of life have been the subject of exciting research that gave rise to a detailed biochemical, structural and phylogenetic enzyme characterization. Thg1 homologs are phylogenetically classified into eukaryal- and archaeal-type enzymes differing characteristically in their cofactor requirements and specificity. Yeast Thg1 displays a unique but limited ability to add 2–3 G or C residues to mutant tRNA substrates, thus catalyzing a 3 0 ! 5 0 RNA polymerization. Archaeal-type Thg1, which has been horizontally transferred to certain bacteria and few eukarya, displays a more relaxed substrate range and may play additional roles in tRNA editing and repair. The of revealed to 5 0 ! 3 0 Thg1 from classical
Analysis of Cell Cycle-related Proteins in Mediastinal Lymph Nodes of N2-NSCLC Patients Obtained by EBUS-TBNA : Relevance to Chemotherapy Response

Background Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is an accurate tool for lymph node staging of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). The majority of NSCLC patients require systemic chemotherapy during their treatment, with relatively poor responses. If one could predict chemotherapy response, ideally at the time of initial bronchoscopic examination, one could maximize therapeutic benefit while limiting toxicity. Thus, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of EBUS-TBNA for obtaining tissue samples from mediastinal lymph nodes that can be utilized for immunohistochemical analysis; and to stratify, molecularly-based, pN2-NSCLC patients into chemoresponsive and chemoresistant subgroups who might benefit from chemotherapy-tailorment. We examined the expression of six cell cycle-related proteins (pRb, cyclin D1, p16 INK4A , p53, p21 Waf1 , Ki-67), in mediastinal lymph node specimens obtained by EBUS-TBNA, by immunohistochemistry in 36 pN2-NSCLC patients. We investigated their predictive role(s) for platinum-based chemotherapy response. in mediastinal lymph node specimens obtained by EBUS-TBNA, in pathologically-proven N2-NSCLCs. We investigated their predictive role(s) for platinum-based chemotherapy response. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the feasibility of EBUS-TBNA for obtaining nodal tissue samples that can be utilized for immunohistochemical analysis; and to stratify, molecularly-based, pN2-NSCLC patients into chemoresponsive and chemoresistant subgroups who might benefit from chemotherapy-tailorment.