Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fauna of Simuliidae (Diptera) from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil: distribution, new records and list of species

Fauna of Simuliidae (Diptera) from the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil: Distribution, new records and list of species. The fauna of Simuliidae in Brazil is composed of 87 species, 17 of which are recorded from the state of Espirito Santo. Entomological collections were carried out in 2010-2011 with the objective of increasing the knowledge of the species richness of this family in the state. Ninety three rivers and streams were sampled, each collection being carried out in a 50m transect. During the study period 30 species were collected, 13 of which represent new records for the state, 12 of the genus Simulium and one of the genus Lutzsimulium. Among these new state records one, Simulium lobatoi, also represents a new record from southeastern Brazil. The other newly recorded species are: Lutzsimulium hirticosta, Simulium distinctum, Simulium exiguum, Simulium oyapockense, Simulium botulibranchium, Simulium petropoliense, Simulium clavibranchium, Simulium rappae, Simulium minusculum, Simulium dinellii, Simulium ochraceum and Simulium scutistriatum.
Alterations in plasma lipid profile patterns in oral cancer

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the alterations in the plasma lipid profile patterns in oral cancer patients and controls. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised of 15 oral cancer patients and 15 controls. The lipid profile patterns, such as, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) lipoprotein, and triglycerides were estimated in both the groups. Changes in the plasma lipid profiles of both groups were compared. Results: This study evaluated all the plasma lipid profile patterns in both the groups. A significant decrease in the total cholesterol and HDL was observed in oral cancer subjects when compared with the control groups. Conclusion: Lipids are the major cell membrane components, which are essential for various biological functions, such as, maintaining cell integrity, cell growth, and division of normal and malignant cells. The lower plasma lipid status may be a useful indicator for initial changes occurring in neoplastic cells.
The Nutritive Value of Mango Seed Kernels for Starting Chicks

Raw mango (Mangifera indica L) seed kernels were found to contain tannins (56.5 g kg -1 DM), cyanogenic glucosides (64 mg kg -1 DM), oxalates (42 mg kg -1 DM) and trypsin inhibitory activity (20 TIU g -1 DM). The contents of these anti-nutritive factors were lowered by both soaking and boiling treatments, but boiling was more effective. The in vitro protein digestibility (26.3%) and apparent metabolisable energy (7.88 MJ kg -1 DM) values of raw kernels were low, and these parameters were improved by soaking and boiling. The observed improvements paralleled reductions in tannin contents, indicating that tannins are largely responsible for the poor nutritive value of raw kernels. In experiment 1, diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg -1 raw mango seed kernels that replaced maize were fed to 7-day-old White Leghorn cockerels for 14 days. Inclusion of more than 50 g kg -1 raw kernels lowered (P < 0.05) the weight gains, feed intake and feed efficiency of chicks. High level inclusion of raw kernels had toxic effects, as evidenced by increased mortality. In experiment 2, soaking and boiling treatments improved (P < 0.05) feed intake of chicks fed on diets containing 100 g kg -1 kernels and reduced mortality. Feed/gain was unaffected by processing. Soaking had no effect, whereas boiling of kernels improved the weight gains. However, weight gains of chicks receiving diets containing 100 g kg -1 boiled kernels were numerically, though non-significantly, lower than those of the maize-control group. It is concluded that raw mango seed kernels are unsuitable as a feed ingredient in chick diets and, that soaking and boiling do not completely overcome the anti-nutritive effects of raw kernels.
A Comparison of Methods Used to Examine Snowshoe Hare Habitat Use

Comparaison de trois methodes experimentees dans deux sites du Maine, de septembre 1981 a mai 1983: repartition des pelotes fecales, des traces dans la neige, capture en fonction de la densite du couvert vegetal; resultats assez semblables quant a l'utilisation de l'habitat
Summer Home Range and Movements of Fundulus Heteroclitus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) in a Tidal Creek

Summer movements of the fish Fundulus heteroclitus in a fluctuating tidal creek in Delaware were determined. The majority of individuals in the population exhibited a home range of 36 m near a bank. Individuals transferred directly across the stream returned to the bank where originally captured. The home range persisted from July through September. Individuals were absent from the lower part of the creek from November through March, but were present in the headwater areas. There was a continuum of individuals along each bank; most individuals maintained spatial position in an environment with no distinct break such as the riffle—pool structure of freshwater streams. See full-text article at JSTOR
A new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil

Astyanax eremus, a new species of geographically isolated characid fish, is described from a small tributary of the upper rio Iguacu basin. The new species belongs to the Astyanax scabripinnisspecies complex and is easily distinguished from its congeners included in this group by its allometric growth of the mouth, which goes from terminal in young individuals to subterminal mouth in larger specimens. Additionally, the new species is distinguished by meristic and morphometric characters. Astyanax eremus presents an evident polymorphism on the traditional character "number of teeth in inner premaxillary row". Comments about that character are provided.
ÖĞRENCİLERİN MATEMATİK DERSİNDE AKILLI TAHTA KULLANIMINA YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Bu arastirmanin amaci ogrencilerin matematik dersinde akilli tahta kullanimina yonelik tutumlarinin cesitli degiskenlere gore farklilasip farklilasmadigini incelemektir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu Diyarbakir ilindeki bir lisede ogrenim goren 164 tane 10. Sinif ogrencisi olusturmaktadir. Veri toplama araci olarak Tataroglu ve Erduran (2010) tarafindan gelistirilen Matematik Dersinde Akilli Tahtaya Yonelik Tutum Olcegi ve Kisisel Bilgi Formu uygulanmistir. Verilerin cozumlenmesinde ortalama, standart sapma, bagimsiz orneklem t-testi ve tek yonlu varyans analizi kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonuclari ogrencilerin matematik derslerinde akilli tahta kullanimina yonelik olumlu tutumlar sergilemediklerini ortaya koymustur. Bunun yaninda ogrencilerin cinsiyet, bilgisayara sahip olma durumlari ve bilgisayar kursu alma durumlarina gore matematik dersinde akilli tahta kullanimina yonelik tutumlari arasinda anlamli fark bulunmamistir.
Delimitacion del periodo critico de competencia de malezas en el cultivo de lino (Linum usitatissimum)

La planta de lino oleaginoso es especialmente sensible a la competencia con malezas, que limita el rendimiento potencial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue delimitar el periodo critico de competencia del lino con una comunidad natural de malezas. Se realizo una experiencia de campo durante 1993, 1994 y 1995 en La Plata, Argentina. Los tratamientos consistieron en mantener el lino con y sin presencia de malezas en distintas etapas de su desarrollo. La comunidad de malezas fue evaluada en su composicion y produccion de materia seca y el cultivo en su rendimiento en semillas y componentes. El periodo critico se delimito entre los 30 y 80 dias despues de la siembra. En este periodo, la disminucion de rendimiento de lino respecto del testigo sin malezas fue superior al 10%. La disminucion de rendimiento del cultivo totalmente enmalezado fue del 79% respecto del desmalezado todo el ciclo. Fue afectado el numero de semillas por planta ya que su definicion esta incluida en el periodo delimitado. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que las alternativas de control deben considerar el periodo critico y tambien propiciar su utilizacion en modelos de prediccion.
Nutritional Evaluation of Ammoniated Mustard Meal for Chicks

Abstract Two experiments were conducted, each involving 192 broiler chicks in heated battery brooders from 0 to 4 weeks. Parameters included growth rate, feed consumption, feed efficiency, thyroid weight, and metabolizable energy (ME). The first experiment showed that up to 10% ammoniated mustard meal (AMM) could be included in the diet successfully although thyroid size was increased. A 20% inclusion rate of AMM resulted in poorer growth. The ME value of the AMM was found to be 2648 kcal/kg, dry matter basis (2383 kcal/kg, air dry basis). The second experiment showed that up to 20% AMM could successfully be included in the diet provided lysine was supplemented.
Clove Oil as an Anesthetic for Invasive Field Procedures on Adult Rainbow Trout

Abstract Clove oil has recently been proposed as an appropriate anesthetic for researchers to use on food fish; however, its use in invasive procedures has not yet been reported for salmonids. In a telemetric investigation, we found the concentration of clove oil required for invasive procedures to be 30 mg/L, which is 75% less than previously suggested dosages to achieve and maintain a level of deep anesthesia in adult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (N = 20). Mean time (±SE) to achieve level 4 anesthesia was 3.7 ± 0.9 min. Average exposure time to the anesthetic (surgery time) was 5.8 ± 0.2 min, and average recovery time (the time required to regain equilibrium and full swimming mobility) was 4.9 ± 1.0 min. Lengthy recovery times (up to 18 min) were observed; such times are typically reported for clove oil. Field investigators should conduct preliminary trials to determine the appropriate concentration of clove oil for their conditions, particularly if the application requires more than 5 min of expos.
Haematological response to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity, increased temperature and hypoxia in goldfish, Carassius auratus L.

Goldfish were exposed to three qualitatively distinct forms of respiratory stress: phenylhydrazine HCl-induced reduction in blood oxygen-carrying capacity; transient (3 h) hypoxia; and transient (1 or 2 h) temperature-forced increases in oxygen demand. Response embodied three common features: (1) the relative number of immature red cells increased, and these were 3H-thymidine positive; (2) the abundance of apparently karyorrhectic or degenerating cells rose; (3) cells undergoing a form of division became prevalent. Neither of the latter two cell types evidenced thymidine uptake. These observations suggest that respiratory distress triggers the proliferation of new erythrocytes, and that this is accompanied by elimination of some portion of the preexisting red cell population. It is hypothesized that the latter process limits viscosity-related elevation of cardiac work costs. The significance of division by circulating erythrocytes is not clear.
THE EFFECT OF PROTOVERATRINE A ON POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM ION MOVEMENTS IN MUSCLE AND NERVE

The effects of protoveratrine A on the efflux of potassium ions (K+) from frog and rat skeletal muscle and the isolated electrically driven rat heart have been studied. No effect was seen upon the rate of efflux from skeletal muscle but that from the heart was increased. Protoveratrine A increases K+ uptake from frog skeletal muscle and causes this tissue to release more calcium (Ca++). There was no increase in Ca++ release from lobster nerve treated with protoveratrine A. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
TRISETUM PERS. (GRAMINEAE: AVENEAE) IN NEW ZEALAND

Abstract Trisetum Pers. (tribe Aveneae) is revised for New Zealand. Nine indigenous species are recognised; eight are endemic, and T. spicatum occurs in alpine regions of both hemispheres. Four species, T. arduanum, T. drucei, T. lepidum, and T. serpen‐tinum, are described as new, and T. antacticum var. lasiorhachis is raised to specific rank as T. lasiorhachis.
Planktonic Foraminifera from southwestern Atlantic epipelagic waters: abundance, distribution and year-to-year variations

The abundance and latitudinal and vertical (0-100 m) distribution of planktonic Foraminifera was investigated on the basis of 38 samples collected in November 1994 in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (34-60°S, along 51-56°W). Mean foraminiferal densities were 1.5 ind. l−1 (range: 0.15.9 ind. l−1), with highest concentrations in subsurface waters (20-50 m). Couplings between the distribution of chlorophyll a and foraminiferal abundances were very loose. Distribution patterns of the 15 species recorded allowed 6 distinct areas to be defined along the transect surveyed. From north to south these are: Subtropical (dominated by Globigerinoides ruber and G. trilobus), Cold intrusion (Globigerinita uvula), Transitional-Subtropical and Transitional (Globigerina bulloides, Globigerina quinqueloba), Subantarctic (G. quinqueloba), and Antarctic (Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, left coiling). Close comparisons with the yields of a similar data set collected in November 1993 show very good agreement. Foraminiferal thermic régimes were also similar in 1993 and in 1994, but for some species significant differences with previous data were detected. While the southwards extensions of the ranges of warm water species are fairly well circumscribed by the Brazil current-influenced waters, several foraminifers widely used as indicators and palaeoindicators of cool waters (in particular Globigerina bulloides, Globigerina quinqueloba and Globigerinita uvula) were recorded in very significant numbers at temperatures as high as 20-24°C. The implication of these findings for hydrological, ecological, and palaeoecological interpretations is discussed.
Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nakai.) and Melon (Cucumis melo L.) under Protected Organic and Conventional Farming Systems in a Mediterranean Region of Turkey

ABSTRACT Protected conventional and organic farming systems for watermelon and melon were compared over a two-year period in the Mediterranean Amik plain of southern Turkey. Yield, fruit quality and growth responses of the vegetable crops were measured and compared as a function of conventional management, and three composted sheep-cattle manure treatments of 6 kg m−2, 12 kg m−2 and 18 kg m−2. On average, total and marketable yields of watermelon and melon grown organically under low plastic tunnels showed a two-fold increase under the organic treatments of 12 kg m−2 and 18 kg m−2 relative to the protected conventional management system (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in watermelon and melon yields between the manure application levels of 12 and 18 kg m−2. There were significant changes in mean fruit weight and width between the control and the manure level of 18 kg m−2 for watermelon and in mean stem diameter between the control and the manure levels of 12 and 18 kg m−2 for melon (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression (MLR) models accounted for about 49% and 52% of variations in marketable yields of melon and watermelon as a function of the control and the manure levels of 12 and 18 kg m−2, respectively. The findings indicate that protected organic watermelon and melon systems in this Mediterranean region can produce more total and marketable yields than protected conventional systems. Protected organic farming systems can assist in compliance with maximum residue limits imposed on exported agricultural commodities and reduce dependency on industrial fertilizers as well as emissions of fertilizer production-related greenhouse gases.
Feeding preference of adult females of ribbonfish Trichiurus lepturus through prey proximate-composition and caloric values

In the present study we analysed the proximate-composition and caloric values of the preferred prey consumed by ribbonfish, Trichiurus lepturus L. 1758 (adult females), that are distributed in the inner continental shelf from northern Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil (~22oS), assessing the potential of nutritional and energetic approach as a tool to understand the feeding selective pattern of this marine top carnivore. The preferred prey of this predator composed of fish co-specifics, Pellona harroweri, Chirocentrodon bleekerianus, Lycengraulis grossidens, Peprilus paru, squid Doryteuthis plei, and shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri were collected from 2007 to 2010 for proximate-composition (water, protein, lipid, ash, and carbohydrate) and caloric value analyses. The correspondence analysis showed that protein is the main component in the prey species (61.32% of variance explained), standing out from the other nutrients. Lipid has the highest percentage related to L. grossidens, ash to X. kroyeri and carbohydrate to D. plei. The strong correlations between protein and caloric value (positive) and lipid and caloric value (negative) indicated that T. lepturus is attending its energy demand through the prey protein content. This work elucidated the feeding preference of adult females of T. lepturus in relation to nutritional and caloric content of their preferred prey. The species showed food selectivity to prey that provide more energy per ingested biomass, so that the feeding events can maximize the predator's caloric gain, which is obtained by a protein-based diet.
Anthropogenic Soils and Tree Distributions in a Lowland Forest in Bolivia

The distributions of 17 tree species with seeds or fruits that are commonly eaten or otherwise used by humans were studied in reference to anthropogenic soils in a seasonally dry lowland tropical forest in Bolivia. Two types of anthropogenic dark earths (ADEs) were identified: terra preta (TP: darkened with charcoal fragments and with abundant pottery shards) and terra mulata (TM: somewhat darkened but with little or no pottery). In 216 ha, we compared the densities of trees >10 cm dbh of useful species in nine TP patches, three TM patches, and six areas with nonanthropogenic soils (N‐ADE). The TP, which covers approximately 20 percent of the sample area, has higher contents of organic matter, extractable P, and extractable Ca than N‐ADE soils, as well as higher pH and extractable P than TM. TM has organic matter and Ca contents similar to N‐ADE soils but significantly less extractable K. In general, TP has higher nutrient content than surrounding soils, both at the surface (0–10 cm) and deeper in the profile (40–50 cm). Despite these differences in soil fertility and contrary to our expectations, none of the 17 tree species were concentrated on TP perhaps because interactions between local dispersal agents and natural disturbances have masked historical patterns. Alternatively, past inhabitants of the study area may have enriched forests with useful tree species in areas where they were not practicing the intensive soil husbandry that results in ADEs.
The scaling and selection of sexually dimorphic characters: an example using the Marbled Teal

Current theory and empirical evidence suggests that, if a character is sexually dimorphic as a result of sexual selection, it should be positively allometric (i.e. relatively larger in larger individuals), whereas if the dimorphism is the result of natural selection (e.g. niche divergence), it should be isometric. I show how this can be used to study the selective forces responsible for dimorphic morphological characters, using the monochromatic Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris as an example. In absolute terms, first-year male teals have a higher body mass, wing length, head length and bill length than females. In relative terms (controlling for body size), males still have longer wings, heads and bills. The scaling in Marbled Teal suggests that bill and head dimorphisms are due to sexual selection, whereas wing dimorphism is due to natural selection. Tail length is sexually monomorphic but positively allometric, possibly because of a display function. Such scaling studies are easy to carry out, and provide a useful complement to direct investigation of the influence of variation in the size of dimorphic characters on mating success, foraging efficiency etc.
An Evaluation of Trends in Abundance of Capelin (Mallotus villosus) from Acoustics, Aerial Surveys and Catch Rates in NAFO Division 3L, 1982–89

Trends in capelin (Mallotus villosus) biomass in NAFO Div. 3L during 1982–89 projected from Canadian acoustic surveys were compared to trends in indices of inshore abundance from aerial surveys and trap catch rates. Trends in the two inshore indices of abundance were significantly correlated with each other but were not significantly correlated with the Canadian series. The major differences occurred during 1986 and 1987. Age-compositions in the inshore mature stock were similar to the age-compositions predicted from the acoustic surveys although the latter tended to underestimate the proportions of older fish. The time series was short and the relationships tested were not always statistically significant, however, the general agreement in trends of all indices engendered confidence in the approach and especially in the acoustic surveys which provide absolute abundance indices which can be used directly for management advice.
Fate of intracellular microcystins in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (Chroococcales, Cyanophyceae)

T. Rohrlack and P. Hyenstrand. 2007. Fate of intracellular microcystins in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (Chroococcales, Cyanophyceae). Phycologia 46: 277–283. DOI: 10.2216/06-14.1 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of microcystin loss processes in cells of Microcystis aeruginosa, either as export from the cells or intracellular breakdown, and to draw conclusions about the function of microcystins to their producers. By supplying radioactive inorganic carbon to M. aeruginosa cultures and suppressing a considerable production of radioactive microcystin after a certain period of time, an intracellular pool of labelled microcystin was built up. The fate of this pool was studied by following its radioactivity in different time-course experiment. No evidence for losses from the intracellular microcystin pool could be found. All radioactive carbon that had been incorporated into microcystin molecules remained in the intracellular microcystin pool irrespective of whether the cyanobacterial cells were subjected to low light or high light. This suggests that under the conditions tested here, microcystins are not subjects of significant loss processes such as export from the cells or intracellular breakdown. The present study therefore failed to produce evidence for an involvement of microcystins in quorum sensing, defence against epiphytic organisms, or other functions requiring an export of the compounds into the surrounding medium. The lack of an intracellular breakdown suggests that microcystins are not involved in metabolic cellular processes.