Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural Machine Translation Data Generation and Augmentation using ChatGPT

Neural models have revolutionized the field of machine translation, but creating parallel corpora is expensive and time-consuming. We investigate an alternative to manual parallel corpora - hallucinated parallel corpora created by generative language models. Although these models are themselves trained on parallel data, they can leverage a multilingual vector space to create data, and may be able to supplement small manually-procured corpora. Our experiments highlight two key findings - despite a lack of diversity in their output, the hallucinated data improves the translation signal, even when the domain clashes with the original dataset.
On Coefficient Module of Arbitrary Modules

Let $(R, \mathfrak{m})$ be a $d$-dimensional Noetherian local ring that is formally equidimensional, and let $M$ be an arbitrary $R$-submodule of the free module $F = R^p$ with an analytic spread $s:=s(M)$. In this work, inspired by Herzog-Puthenpurakal-Verma in \cite{herzog}, we show the existence of an unique largest $R$-module $M_{k}$ with $\ell_R(M_{k}/M)<\infty$ and $M\subseteq M_{s}\subseteq\cdots\subseteq M_{1}\subseteq M_{0}\subseteq q(M),$ such that $\deg(P_{M_{k}/M}(n))<s-k,$ where $q(M)$ is the relative integral closure of $M,$ defined by $q(M):=\overline{M}\cap M^{sat},$ where $M^{sat}=\cup_{n\geq 1}(M:_F\mathfrak{m}^n)$ is the saturation of $M$. We also provide a structure theorem for these modules. Furthermore, we establish the existence of coefficient modules between $I(M)M$ and $M$, where $I(M)$ denotes the $0$-th Fitting ideal of $F/M$, and discuss their structural properties. Finally, we present some applications and discuss some properties.
Improved Efficiency and Accuracy of the Magnetic Polarizability Tensor Spectral Signature Object Characterisation for Metal Detection

Magnetic polarizability tensors (MPTs) provide an economical characterisation of conducting metallic objects and can aid in the solution of metal detection inverse problems, such as scrap metal sorting, searching for unexploded ordnance in areas of former conflict, and security screening at event venues and transport hubs. Previous work has established explicit formulae for their coefficients and a rigorous mathematical theory for the characterisation they provide. In order to assist with efficient computation of MPT spectral signatures of different objects to enable the construction of large dictionaries of characterisations for classification approaches, this work proposes a new, highly-efficient, strategy for predicting MPT coefficients. This is achieved by solving an eddy current type problem using hp-finite elements in combination with a proper orthogonal decomposition reduced order modelling (ROM) methodology and offers considerable computational savings over our previous approach. Furthermore, an adaptive approach is described for generating new frequency snapshots to further improve the accuracy of the ROM. To improve the resolution of highly conducting and magnetic objects, a recipe is proposed to choose the number and thicknesses of prismatic boundary layers for accurate resolution of thin skin depths in such problems. The paper includes a series of challenging examples to demonstrate the success of the proposed methodologies.
Approximating the Value of Energy-Parity Objectives in Simple Stochastic Games

We consider simple stochastic games $\mathcal G$ with energy-parity objectives, a combination of quantitative rewards with a qualitative parity condition. The Maximizer tries to avoid running out of energy while simultaneously satisfying a parity condition. We present an algorithm to approximate the value of a given configuration in 2-NEXPTIME. Moreover, $\varepsilon$-optimal strategies for either player require at most $O(2EXP(|{\mathcal G}|)\cdot\log(\frac{1}{\varepsilon}))$ memory modes.
Complete Conditional Type Structures (Extended Abstract)

Hierarchies of conditional beliefs (Battigalli and Siniscalchi 1999) play a central role for the epistemic analysis of solution concepts in sequential games. They are practically modelled by type structures, which allow the analyst to represent the players' hierarchies without specifying an infinite sequence of conditional beliefs. Here, we study type structures that satisfy a"richness"property, called completeness. This property is defined on the type structure alone, without explicit reference to hierarchies of beliefs or other type structures. We provide sufficient conditions under which a complete type structure represents all hierarchies of conditional beliefs. In particular, we present an extension of the main result in Friedenberg (2010) to type structures with conditional beliefs.
Predictive Pipelined Decoding: A Compute-Latency Trade-off for Exact LLM Decoding

This paper presents"Predictive Pipelined Decoding (PPD),"an approach that speeds up greedy decoding in Large Language Models (LLMs) while maintaining the exact same output as the original decoding. Unlike conventional strategies, PPD employs additional compute resources to parallelize the initiation of subsequent token decoding during the current token decoding. This innovative method reduces decoding latency and reshapes the understanding of trade-offs in LLM decoding strategies. We have developed a theoretical framework that allows us to analyze the trade-off between computation and latency. Using this framework, we can analytically estimate the potential reduction in latency associated with our proposed method, achieved through the assessment of the match rate, represented as p_correct. The results demonstrate that the use of extra computational resources has the potential to accelerate LLM greedy decoding.
Perturbative invariants of cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds

We prove that a formal power series associated to an ideally triangulated cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold (together with some further choices) is a topological invariant. This formal power series is conjectured to agree to all orders in perturbation theory with two important topological invariants of hyperbolic knots, namely the Kashaev invariant and the Andersen--Kashaev invariant (also known as the state-integral) of Teichm\"uller TQFT.
A Reliable Technique for Solving Gas Dynamic Equation Using Natural Homotopy Perturbation Method

In this paper, a new analytical technique called Natural transform homotopy perturbation method has been successfully applied to obtain exact solution of nonlinear gas dynamic equation. Application of the method to three test modeling problems from mathematical physics lead to sequence which tends to the exact solution of the problems. The solution procedure shows the reliability of the method and is high accuracy evident.
Global Convergence of Policy Gradient Methods for Linearized Control Problems

Direct policy gradient methods for reinforcement learning and continuous control problems are a popular approach for a variety of reasons: 1) they are easy to implement without explicit knowledge of the underlying model 2) they are an "end-to-end" approach, directly optimizing the performance metric of interest 3) they inherently allow for richly parameterized policies. A notable drawback is that even in the most basic continuous control problem (that of linear quadratic regulators), these methods must solve a non-convex optimization problem, where little is understood about their efficiency from both computational and statistical perspectives. In contrast, system identification and model based planning in optimal control theory have a much more solid theoretical footing, where much is known with regards to their computational and statistical properties. This work bridges this gap showing that (model free) policy gradient methods globally converge to the optimal solution and are efficient (polynomially so in relevant problem dependent quantities) with regards to their sample and computational complexities.
Examining the Relationships Between Adolescents’ Emotion Regulation Strategies and Social Media Addiction

Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between adolescents’ emotional regulation strategies and social media addiction. Methods: 1151 adolescents aged between 14 and 18 participated in the study (Mage = 14.44, SD =4.97). 63.8% of the participants in the study were girls and 36.2% were male. Researchers used the Emotion Regulation Scale and the Social Media Addiction Scale. In the study, we performed correlation analysis to determine the relationships between the variables. We used the structural equation model to test the predictive relationship between emotion regulation on social media addiction. We used SPSS 22, LISREL 9.1 program for statistical analysis. Results: The results show that there are low-level, negative correlations between social media addiction and reappraisal of emotions. Similarly, there are low-level, positively significant relationships between suppression of emotions and social media addiction. Another result of the study reveals that reappraisal and suppression of emotions have a predictive effect on social media addiction. Conclusion: The results show that reappraisal emotions reduce social media addiction, while suppression increases social media addiction.
Data-driven spatio-temporal modeling with Cellular Automata and Fuzzy Time Series methods

Há atualmente diversas aplicações de simulações computacionais em estudos de sistemas dinâmicos espaço-temporais, incluindo, por exemplo, em modelos epidemiológicos. Dentre as estratégias capazes de reproduzir e predizer o futuro dos estados e comportamentos dinâmicos, os autômatos celulares (em inglês, cellular automata CAs) são frequentemente aplicados na modelagem espaço-temporal. O conceito central de um típicoe bem definido modelo CAs é o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de regras locais que descrevem os estados futuros das células considerando as células vizinhas. O processo de construção deste conjunto exige conhecimento técnico e anos de pesquisa científica. Técnicas baseadas em aprendizado de máquina podem ser aplicadas para automatizá-lo, embora sejam necessários algoritmos de otimização de hiperparâmetros. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem orientada a dados para definição de conjuntos de regras de transição de CA, baseada exclusivamente em dados históricos de um determinado fenômeno espaço-temporal. As regras locais do autômato são aprendidas e representadas usando o método Multivariado Fuzzy Time Series (MFTS). O modelo MFTS é então integrado à simulação do CA, funcionando de forma semelhante a um conjunto tradicional de regras. A metodologia proposta foi testada em dois casos de estudo: Espalhamento Espacial da Doença de Chagas e Dinâmica da Mudança do Uso e Cobertura do Solo em Delhi, na Índia. Em ambos conjuntos de dados, verificou-se grande potencial no uso do modelo FTS como estratégia de transição de estados em CA. Palavras-chave: Fuzzy Times Series, Cellular Automata, Modelagem espaço-temporal, Uso e Cobertura de Territórios, Modelagem dinâmica.
Characteristics of Riobamba's household solid waste generation and the benefits of source separation

The generation of urban waste represents a problem for cities, so quantifying and analyzing its generation is fundamental for municipal planning. To obtain these data, a study was conducted in Riobamba, forty households were selected, and data were collected, phase I determined the composition of the waste based on the quartering methodology, in phase II a pilot source sepa-ration program was implemented and quantified, with the data obtained estimates were made according to different percentages of recovery of materials compared to the extension of the useful life of the landfill. The result showed that the generation rate per capita was 0.71 kg/person/day, translated into about 200 tons of waste generated per day in Riobamba city. In terms of composition, the fraction of organic waste constitutes the largest proportion in the two phases with percentages of 60% and 73%, recyclables 20% and 12% and disposable 20% and 15%, which indicates that in the phase of separation at the source, the families created more awareness about the gen-eration of waste, so it is important to implement management practices to reduce the waste volume to a final disposal which will contribute to extend the useful landfill life up to 27 years.
Simulations of driven breathing modes of a magnetically shielded Hall thruster

The operation of a 5 kW-class magnetically shielded Hall effect thruster with sinusoidal modulation of the discharge voltage is investigated through simulations with a 2D axisymmetric hybrid (particle-in-cell/fluid) code. The dynamic response of the thruster for different modulation amplitudes and frequencies is presented and discussed. The analysis of partial efficiencies contributing to thrust efficiency allows identifying counteracting effects limiting net gains in performance figures. Voltage modulation enhances the amplitude of plasma oscillations and can effectively control their frequency when the modulation frequency is close to that of the natural breathing mode (BM) of the thruster. The 2D plasma solution reveals that the dynamics of the ionization cycle are governed by the electron temperature response, enabling a driven BM at the modulation frequency. For modulation frequencies far from the natural BM one, voltage modulation fails to control the plasma production via the electron temperature, and the natural BM of the thruster is recovered. High order dynamic mode decomposition applied to the 2D plasma solution permits analyzing the complex spatio-temporal behavior of the plasma discharge oscillations, revealing the main characteristics of natural and externally driven modes.
Mechanisms of environmentally induced crack initiation in humid air in new generation Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys

Recent experience has shown that new-generation 7xxx-series alloys, that have a high Zn content and Zn/Mg ratios, have a greater susceptibility to Hydrogen-Environmental Induced Cracking (H-EIC) on exposure to humid air than more established materials, like AA7050. In this study we report new evidence of the EIC initiation and crack growth behaviour of two new generation alloys, AA7085 and AA7449, when exposed to 50% humidity. In-situ, time lapse, optical imaging over large areas has enabled the exact initiation sites to be identified and investigated with high-resolution fractographic studies, providing evidence for the sequence and mechanisms of initiation and transition to sustained cracking. A consistent behaviour was observed for both alloys. This has revealed that only minute-scale corrosion reactions, involving highly localised condensed water, are necessary for initiation. The preferred initiation sites are metal ligaments between surface-connected pore-clusters and/or intermetallic particles that are subjected to high stress concentration and undergo mechanical damage with associated higher levels of local oxidation. The growth of short proto-cracks from these sites is a distinct stage and displays intermittent arrest markings evidenced by localised corrosion. In contrast, in humid air environments, long cracks in these alloys exhibited relatively constant, higher velocity, with extremely limited corrosion commensurate with oxidation of a free surface in this environment resulting in ~5 nm oxide layer.
Euclidean regularization in John\'s position

Starting from a result of D. Fresen we propose a Euclidean regularization method which provides short proofs of several facts on the local structure of a symmetric convex body in John’s position. In particular, we obtain a simple proof of the isomorphic version of Dvoretzky’s theorem as well as a new isomorphic version of the global form of Dvoretzky’s theorem.
Continuous Production of Functionalized Graphene Inks by Soft Solution Processing

The continuous production of high-quality, few-layer graphene nanosheets (GNSs) functionalized with nitrogen-containing groups was achieved via a two-stage reaction method. The initial stage produces few-layer GNSs by utilizing our recently developed glycine-bisulfate ionic complex-assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. The second stage, developed here, uses a radical initiator and nitrogen precursor (azobisisobutyronitrile) under microwave conditions in an aqueous solution for the efficient nitrogen functionalization of the initially formed GNSs. These nitrile radical reactions have great advantages in green chemistry and soft processing. Raman spectra confirm the insertion of nitrogen functional groups into nitrogen-functionalized graphene (N-FG), whose disorder is higher than that of GNSs. X-ray photoelectron spectra confirm the insertion of edge/surface nitrogen functional groups. The insertion of nitrogen functional groups is further confirmed by the enhanced dispersibility of N-FG in dimethyl formamide, ethylene glycol, acetonitrile, and water. Indeed, after the synthesis of N-FG in solution, it is possible to disperse N-FG in these liquid dispersants just by a simple washing–centrifugation separation–dispersion sequence. Therefore, without any drying, milling, and redispersion into liquid again, we can produce N-FG ink with only solution processing. Thus, the present work demonstrates the ‘continuous solution processing’ of N-FG inks without complicated post-processing conditions. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of N-FG is presented.
Impact of the omicron phase on a highly advanced medical facility in Japan

Background Eight waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic have been observed in Japan. This retrospective study was conducted to clarify the clinical characteristics of pediatric COVID-19 patients. Methods We studied 121 patients admitted to the Jichi Children's Medical Center Tochigi between April 2020 and March 2023. Incidence of pediatric COVID-19 in Tochigi Prefecture was used to examine hospitalization and severe illness rates. Results The mean age of the patients was 3 years and 8 months. One hundred and eleven patients (91.7%) were hospitalized after January 2022 (after the 6th wave), when the Omicron strain became endemic in Japan. Convulsions occurred in 30 patients (24.8%), all of whom were admitted after the 6th wave. Twenty-three of the 30 patients had no underlying disease. Eleven patients (9.1%) were diagnosed with acute encephalopathy. One patient died due to hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome and two had sequelae after the 6th wave. The patient who died due to encephalopathy had hypercytokinemia. In the Tochigi Prefecture, the number of pediatric COVID-19 patients increased after the 6th wave, but the hospitalization rate declined. The rate of severe illness did not change before the end of 5th and after the 6th wave. Conclusion Although the rate of severe illness in patients with pediatric COVID-19 did not increase after the 6th wave, some patients had complicated critical illnesses. Systemic inflammatory reaction was considered to have been associated with the severe encephalopathy.
Factors Affecting Stress and Stress Management Among Dentists Graduated from Chiang Mai University

Objectives: This study aims to explore the levels of overall and occupational stress, correlation between overall and occupational stress, factors affecting overall and occupational stress, and stress management strategies among dentists who graduated from Chiang Mai University. Methods: 2,650 dentists who graduated from Chiang Mai University between 1983 and 2020 and are now working in Thailand were the subject of this study. Between May and September 2021, 2,466 dentists were provided online surveys that included the Suanprung Stress Test-20, Work Stress Inventory for Dentists, and Stress-coping strategy checklist. 588 respondents filled out the surveys (response rate was 23.8%). With the level of significance set at 0.05, descriptive and analytical statistics were used to examine the data using SPSS. Results: 78% of respondents had moderate to high level of overall stress, 84.9% had low to normal level of occupational stress. There was a positive correlation between overall and occupational stress (rs=0.686, p<0.001). ‘age’, ‘having underlying disease’, and ‘financial status’ were the factors which significantly resulted in different overall stress scores (p<0.05). ‘hobbies’ had the highest rating for stress coping (87.6%), followed by ‘resting’ (79.7%) and ‘eating’ (68.4%). Conclusions: The majority of dentists had normal levels of occupational stress, moderate to high levels of overall stress, and occupational stress significantly correlated with overall stress. There were a few factors that affect overall stress after adjusting for influences of the confounding variables. And there were a variety of stress coping strategies that dentists used for stress management. The findings of this study could be useful for strategic planning to prevent and resolve dentists' stress issues in the future.
MEDIATING EFFECT OF THE E-COMMERCE ENTREPRENEUR VOLUNTARY TAX COMPLIANCE BEHAVIOUR: SPSS PROCESS MACRO

: The digital economy, including e-commerce, is expanding in modern life, making it possible for anybody to commence an online business and engage in tax evasion and non-compliance. However, IRBM consistently encourages taxpayers to voluntarily comply with tax laws, improves their access to tax services and provides improvements for tax declaration, tax computation, and tax payment. The purpose of this study is to look into the effects of the tax service and tax complexity on e-commerce entrepreneur voluntary tax compliance behaviour. Apart from that, this study also examines the mediating effect between these two determinants due to the legitimate power (of) and trust (in) the tax authority on e-commerce entrepreneur voluntary tax compliance behaviour. Approximately 146 Malaysian e-commerce entrepreneurs responded to the survey. The findings indicate that tax service affects e-commerce entrepreneur voluntary tax compliance behaviour but not tax complexity. However, analysis using a simple mediation model in SPSS Process Macro reveals that legitimate power and trust mediate tax complexity negatively but not tax service. The findings indicate that low tax complexity combined with legitimate power and trust increase voluntary tax compliance behaviour. E-commerce entrepreneurs are satisfied with the services provided, but as future improvements, IRBM must enrich their roles as tax service providers through improved trust such as efficient staff, good servicing, and supportive behaviour.
“Comparative Evaluation and Effectiveness of Audiovisual and Audiodistraction Aid in Managing Pediatric Dental Patients”.

: Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of audiovisual and audio distraction aid in reducing anxiety of pediatric patients aged 4-8 years old while undergoing various stressful and invasive dental procedures. Material and Method: 75 patients aged between 4-8 years were selected, out of which 73 were fulfilling the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. Therefore, 73 children were randomly assigned into three group including control and experimental, the Audio Group, Audiovisual Group and Control Group. Each child underwent four dental visits. In each visit, after the procedures were completed, the anxiety levels of the children were measured by the following means- Venham's picture test, Venham's clinical anxiety rating scale, Measurement of Pulse rate. Result: Both the audio and audiovisual distraction provided significant result by lesser anxiety in the children as compared to those without any distraction when measured physiologically (pulse oximeter). However audiovisual distraction was even better in reducing anxiety when measured psychologically (Venham Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale). Conclusion: Audiovisual and audio distraction techniques provided effective distraction in children of age group 4-8 years, during complex dental procedures, in alleviating anxiety when compared to the children treated in normal dental setup.