Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal and superfluid properties of the two-dimensional Bose gas

The physical properties of a homogeneous system at the thermodynamic equilibrium are strongly constrained by its dimensionality. In this respect, the two dimensional Bose gas constitutes a particularly interesting system: while it is impossible to observe a long range order at non-zero temperatures, there exists nevertheless a phase transition to a superfluid state at low temperatures. Furthermore, owing to the reduced dimensionality, the equation of state of the weakly interacting two-dimensional Bose gas is scale invariant. In this thesis, we present an experimental study of the two-dimensional Bose gas. We measure its equation of state with two different methods, and find a good agreement with analytic and numerical predictions. These results confirm as well the scale invariance of the system. Furthermore, one of the methods allows for a determination of the equation of state with a single adjustable parameter. We then characterize the superfluid response of the system. , by showing evidence for a dissipationless response of the system to a moving perturbation. Finally, we analyze the fluctuations dynamics of the 2D Bose gas, which confirms both the suppression of density fluctuations in the superfluid phase, and the dominating contribution of phonons to the phase fluctuations.
The relationship between cortisol awakening response and trait resilience in two patient cohorts and one population-based cohort

Abstract Objectives We examined (1) the proportion of cortisol awakening non-responders, (2) the association between cortisol awakening response (CAR) and trait resilience, and (3) the association between CAR increase and trait resilience in two patient cohorts (depression and myocardial infarction [CVD]) and one population-based cohort. Methods Eight hundred and eighty study participants delivered CAR scores (response and increase) based on three self-collected saliva samples and a trait resilience score. Descriptive data of CAR non-responders were reported and calculated. Associations between CAR response/increase and trait resilience, sociodemographic and compliance variables were evaluated using multiple logistic and multiple linear regression analyses stratified by cohort. Results The proportion of CAR non-responders was high in all cohorts (57% depression cohort, 53.4% CVD cohort, 51.6% control cohort). In the depression cohort age was associated with CAR response and increase. In the CVD cohort salivary collection on a weekday was associated with CAR response and awakening time with CAR increase. In the control cohort age was associated with CAR response and sex with CAR increase. Conclusions We observed many CAR non-responders and significant associations between CAR response and CAR increase with single sociodemographic and compliance variables. We did not find significant relationships between CAR response or increase and trait resilience.
The X-ray luminous cluster underlying the z = 1.04 quasar PKS 1229−021

We present a 100 ks Chandra observation studying the extended X-ray emission around the powerful z= 1.04 quasar PKS 1229−021. The diffuse cluster X-ray emission can be traced out to ∼15 arcsec (∼120 kpc) radius and there is a drop in the calculated hardness ratio inside the central 5 arcsec consistent with the presence of a cool core. Radio observations of the quasar show a strong core and a bright, one-sided jet leading to the south-west hotspot and a second hotspot visible on the counter-jet side. Although the wings of the quasar point spread function (PSF) provided a significant contribution to the total X-ray flux at all radii where the extended cluster emission was detected, we were able to accurately subtract the PSF emission using Chandra Ray Tracer and marx simulations. The resulting steep cluster surface brightness profile for PKS 1229−021 appears similar to the profile for the FR II (Fanaroff–Riley class II) radio galaxy 3C 444, which has a similarly rapid surface brightness drop caused by a powerful shock surrounding the radio lobes. Using a model surface brightness profile based on 3C 444, we estimated the total cluster luminosity for PKS 1229−021 to be . We discuss the difficulty of detecting cool-core clusters, which host bright X-ray sources, in high redshift surveys.
Shape prediction from partial information

Prediction techniques are used to estimate values for dependent variables from previously unseen predictor values based on the variation in an underlying learning database. In this thesis techniques were developed and applied for the prediction of shapes from partial information extracted from medical images. The applications considered were segmentation and scene generation for surgical simulators. The segmentation is used for pre-operative planning in total hip replacement surgery. While the hip joint complex can be easily segmented from the images, separation of the femoral and acetabular components is often difficult due to progressive arthritis or image reconstruction artifacts. A method is presented, which successfully addresses this problem by predicting the shape of the femoral head from well-defined surface patches on the femur using a statistical shape model. The resulting morphologically meaningful, patient-specific bone model is then matched to gradients of the CT image by a deformable mass-spring model, where reliable boundary points can be detected. The prediction technique has also been used for scene generation in surgical simulators. The generation of new surgical scenes in every training session is a key element for effective training. This thesis presents the methods necessary to produce variable models of the healthy organ. A new method has been developed and tested, allowing the derivation of realistic new instances based on the stochastic model which complies with non-linear shape constraints defined and interactively controlled by medical experts.
Cross-lingual Visual Verb Sense Disambiguation

Recent work has shown that visual context improves cross-lingual sense disambiguation for nouns. We extend this line of work to the more challenging task of cross-lingual verb sense disambiguation, introducing the MultiSense dataset of 9,504 images annotated with English, German, and Spanish verbs. Each image in MultiSense is annotated with an English verb and its translation in German or Spanish. We show that cross-lingual verb sense disambiguation models benefit from visual context, compared to unimodal baselines. We also show that the verb sense predicted by our best disambiguation model can improve the results of a text-only machine translation system when used for a multimodal translation task.
Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). VI. Black Hole Mass Measurements of Six Quasars at 6.1 ≤ z ≤ 6.7

We present deep near-infrared spectroscopy of six quasars at 6.1 ≤ z ≤ 6.7 with Very Large Telescope/X-Shooter and Gemini-N/GNIRS. Our objects, originally discovered through a wide-field optical survey with the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP), have the lowest luminosities (−25.5 mag ≤ M1450 ≤ −23.1 mag) of the z > 5.8 quasars with measured black hole (BH) masses. From single-epoch mass measurements based on Mg ii λ2798, we find a wide range in BH masses, from MBH = 107.6 to 109.3 M⊙. The Eddington ratios Lbol/LEdd range from 0.16 to 1.1, but the majority of the HSC quasars are powered by MBH ∼ 109 M⊙ supermassive black holes (SMBHs) accreting at sub-Eddington rates. The Eddington ratio distribution of the HSC quasars is inclined to lower accretion rates than those of Willott et al., who measured the BH masses for similarly faint z ∼ 6 quasars. This suggests that the global Eddington ratio distribution is wider than has previously been thought. The presence of MBH ∼ 109 M⊙ SMBHs at z ∼ 6 cannot be explained with constant sub-Eddington accretion from stellar remnant seed BHs. Therefore, we may be witnessing the first buildup of the most massive BHs in the first billion years of the universe, the accretion activity of which is transforming from active growth to a quiescent phase. Measurements of a larger complete sample of z ≳ 6 low-luminosity quasars, as well as deeper observations with future facilities, will enable us to better understand the early SMBH growth in the reionization epoch.
Stochastic ordering for Markov processes on partially ordered spaces with applications to queueing networks

The state spaces for queueing networks are intrinsically multidimensional. As a result, a theory of stochastic ordering for Markov processes on partially ordered spaces is a natural setting for the formulation of comparison theorems of queueing networks. The partially ordered structure of the state space gives rise to a variety of stochastic orders, that are distinct only when the space is not totally ordered. In particular, we can define stochastic orderings that are not equivalent to sample path comparisons. For all these orderings, we give a unified theory that allows us to compare Markov processes on such spaces, given their initial distributions and infinitesimal generators. Examples will be given to show how these results apply to queueing networks. In addition, we will give a simplified proof for a special case of Strassen's theorem as it applies to a sample path comparison of random variables.
Impact of microwave thermolysis energy levels on patient‐reported outcomes for axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis

Microwave thermolysis (MWT) is an emerging treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis reducing both sweat and odor. No prior studies have investigated and compared the different available energy settings of the MWT device. This study evaluated patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) for axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis following MWT treatment with two different energy levels.
Mentorship in clinical neuropsychology: Survey of current practices, cultural responsiveness, and untapped potential

ABSTRACT Introduction Neuropsychology trainees have identified mentorship as an important factor in their training. Limited past work has been conducted on mentorship within neuropsychology, and there is a need to better understand the experiences and perspectives of neuropsychology mentors. Method Self-identified mentors in clinical neuropsychology completed a survey about their mentorship practices, including culturally responsive mentorship, as well as perceived barriers and challenges to providing effective mentorship. Themes were derived using qualitative analyses for free response questions, and descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative variables. Results Mentors identified assessment, professionalism, and ethics as top priorities in mentorship, which may reflect the overlap within neuropsychology of assessment supervision and mentoring. Reported best practices included being self-aware and engaging in a personalized approach to mentorship relationships that varies depending upon the needs of the mentee. A majority reported that their training program is not diverse and they themselves do not mentor trainees from diverse backgrounds which provides a clear area for targeted efforts to recruit and retain diversity in the discipline. Mentors described practices related to discussing diversity-related differences with their trainees including self-disclosure, creating a safe space for conversations, and tailoring discussions to the individual trainee. They reported an interest in more training on how to engage in culturally competent mentorship. Two barriers to providing effective mentorship identified most by mentors were time constraints and a lack of training. Conclusions These results highlight a variety of perspectives and approaches to mentorship, which may be beneficial for mentors to consider as they reflect on their mentorship practices and/or for trainees as part of their professional development toward becoming future mentors themselves. These results also highlight the need for a greater emphasis on mentorship training within neuropsychology, including training in culturally responsive mentorship practices.
Management of Vestibular Schwannoma with Normal Hearing

Introduction: This work aimed to study the management of vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients with normal hearing (NH). Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken in a Quaternary referral center for skull base pathologies. Among 4,000 VS patients 162 met our strict audiological criteria for NH. These patients were divided into 2 management groups, wait and scan (W&S) (45/162, 25%) and operated patients (123/162, 75%), and 6 patients were included in both groups. Results: Our management strategy achieved the goals for treatment of VS. First goal, all tumors were completely removed except for 2 intentional residuals. Second goal, facial nerve (FN) function preservation (House Brackmann I, II, and III) was 95.9%. Third goal, possible hearing preservation (HP) attempts occurred in (50/122) (40.9%) with an HP rate in 44% of the patients. Additionally, there were only 2 cases of postoperative complications with no CSF leakage. The prospect of HP in NH patients did not differ with respect to tumor size. However, patients with normal preoperative ABR seemed to have better chances of HP and good FN function and vice versa. HP rate was superior for the MCFA as opposed to the RS + RLA. W&S group demonstrated hearing stability in 88.9% of the patients and FN function stability of HB I in 100% of the patients. Conclusions: Surgical resection is a reasonable and definitive management option for VS with NH. Nevertheless, choosing to manage cases with observation remains an appropriate management option for NH patients. ABR might be considered as an adjuvant tool indicating better prognosis for HP.
Sex-dependent differences in the anxiolytic-like effect of cannabidiol in the elevated plus-maze

Rationale: Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychoactive constituent of cannabis, has therapeutic potential for the treatment of anxiety. Most preclinical studies investigate only acute effects of CBD and only in males, yet the drug is most likely to be used over a sustained period in clinical practice. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the anxiolytic-like effect of CBD in female rats compared to males and to determine whether the responsiveness of females was influenced by the stage of the estrous cycle. Methods: We carried out experiments to compare the effect of CBD in male and female rats in the elevated plus maze (EPM) in response to acute and short-term (4 days) administration through a complete cycle in females. Results: Male and female rats behaved in a similar manner in the EPM, but females in the late diestrus (LD) phase exhibited more anxiety-like behavior than at other stages, the difference reaching statistical significance compared to proestrus stages. CBD produced anxiolytic-like effects in both sexes, but female rats were responsive only in LD and 10-fold lower dose than males. After sub-chronic (4 days) treatment, responsiveness to CBD was maintained in females in LD, but females in proestrus remained unresponsive to CBD treatment. Conclusions: We suggest that there are sex differences in the anxiolytic-like effects of CBD in rats that reflect different underlying mechanisms: based on literature data, gonadal hormone status linked to GABAA receptor expression in females, and 5-HT1A receptor activation in males.
Dorsal striatial hypoconnectivity predicts antipsychotic medication treatment response in first‐episode psychosis and unmedicated patients with schizophrenia

The dorsal striatum, comprised of the caudate and putamen, is implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis spectrum disorders. Given the high concentration of dopamine receptors in the striatum, striatal dopamine imbalance is a likely cause in cortico‐striatal dysconnectivity. There is great interest in understanding the relationship between striatal abnormalities in psychosis and antipsychotic treatment response, but few studies have considered differential involvement of the caudate and putamen. This study's goals were twofold. First, identify patterns of dorsal striatal dysconnectivity for the caudate and putamen separately in patients with a psychosis spectrum disorder; second, determine if these dysconnectivity patterns were predictive of treatment response.
A GALEX ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SURVEY OF GALAXIES IN THE LOCAL VOLUME

We present results from a GALEX ultraviolet (UV) survey of a complete sample of 390 galaxies within ∼11 Mpc of the Milky Way. The UV data are a key component of the composite Local Volume Legacy, an ultraviolet-to-infrared imaging program designed to provide an inventory of dust and star formation in nearby spiral and irregular galaxies. The ensemble data set is an especially valuable resource for studying star formation in dwarf galaxies, which comprise over 80% of the sample. We describe the GALEX survey programs that obtained the data and provide a catalog of far-UV (∼1500 Å) and near-UV (∼2200 Å) integrated photometry. General UV properties of the sample are briefly discussed. We compute two measures of the global star formation efficiency, the star formation rate (SFR) per unit H i gas mass, and the SFR per unit stellar mass, to illustrate the significant differences that can arise in our understanding of dwarf galaxies when the FUV is used to measure the SFR instead of Hα. We find that dwarf galaxies may not be as drastically inefficient in converting gas into stars as suggested by prior Hα studies. In this context, we also examine the UV properties of late-type dwarf galaxies that appear to be devoid of star formation because they were not detected in previous Hα narrowband observations. Nearly all such galaxies in our sample are detected in the FUV and have FUV SFRs that fall below the limit where the Hα flux is robust to Poisson fluctuations in the formation of massive stars. Otherwise, the UV colors and star formation efficiencies of Hα-undetected, UV-bright dwarf irregulars appear to be relatively unremarkable with respect to those exhibited by the general population of star-forming galaxies.
Bone Mass, Density, Geometry, and Stress–Strain Index in Adults With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I and Their Associations With Physical Activity and Muscle Function Parameters

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous heritable connective tissue disorder mainly characterized by bone fragility and increased fracture risk. This study investigated bone parameters in adults with OI type I and their relationship with physical activity and muscle function parameters in comparison with controls. A total of 27 (15 women, 12 men) adults with OI type I and 27 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls, with mean age 45 years (range 18–72 years), were included. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was performed at the lower leg and forearm to assess muscle density, muscle and fat cross‐sectional area (CSA) (66% site), and trabecular (4% site) and cortical bone parameters (66% site) at radius and tibia. Physical activity (step count and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) was assessed by accelerometry, muscle function parameters by Leonardo mechanography (single two‐legged jump – peak power), and hand grip dynamometry (maximal hand grip strength). Overall, the OI type I group had significantly lower muscle CSA at the lower leg and forearm, lower trabecular and cortical bone mineral content, lower polar stress–strain index (SSIp), and smaller cortices but higher cortical bone mineral density and lower step count and MVPA in comparison with controls. Maximal hand grip strength was positively associated with SSIp at radius (p = 0.012) in the control group but not in the OI type I group (p = 0.338) (difference in associations: p = 0.012). No other significantly different associations between bone and muscle function parameters or physical activity (step count or MVPA) were found in the OI type I versus control group. We conclude that adults with OI type I have smaller bones, lower trabecular bone mass, lower estimates of bone strength, and higher cortical density in comparison with controls and that there are some indications of a disturbed biomechanical muscle–bone relationship in adults with OI type I. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Bounds on Homological Invariants of VI-Modules

We give bounds for various homological invariants (including Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity, degrees of local cohomology, and injective dimension) of finitely generated VI-modules in the non-describing characteristic case. It turns out that the formulas of these bounds for VI-modules are the same as the formulas of corresponding bounds for FI-modules.
RNA‐sequencing for transcriptional profiling of whole blood in early stage and metastatic pancreatic cancer patients

We investigated the transcriptional profile of whole blood in early and metastatic stages of pancreatic cancer (PaC) patients to identify potential diagnostic factors for early diagnosis. Blood samples from 18 participants (6 healthy individuals, 6 patients in early stage (I/II) PaC, and 6 patients in metastatic PaC) were analyzed by RNA‐sequencing. The expression levels of identified genes were subsequently compared with their expression in pancreatic tumor tissues based on TCGA data reported in UALCAN and GEPIA2 databases. Overall, 331 and 724 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes in early and metastatic stages, respectively. Of these, 146 genes were shared by early and metastatic stages. Upregulation of PTCD3 and UBA52 genes and downregulation of A2M and ARID1B genes in PaC patients were observed from early stage to metastasis. TCGA database showed increasing trend in expression levels of these genes from stage I to IV in pancreatic tumor tissue. Finally, we found that low expression of PTCD3, A2M, and ARID1B genes and high expression of UBA52 gene were positively correlated with PaC patients survival. We identified a four‐gene set (PTCD3, UBA52, A2M, and ARID1B) expressed in peripheral blood of early stage and metastatic PaC patients that may be useful for PaC early diagnosis.
Black hole mass, host galaxy classification and AGN activity

We investigate the role of host galaxy classification and black hole mass (M BH ) in a heterogeneous sample of 276 mostly nearby (z 99 per cent confidence. Using ring morphology of the host galaxy as a proxy for lack of tidal interaction, we find that AGN luminosity in host galaxies within 70 Mpc is independent of host galaxy interaction for ~ Gyr, suggesting that the timescale of AGN activity due to secular evolution is much shorter than that due to tidal interactions. We find that LINER hosts have lower 12 μm luminosity than the median 12 μm luminosity of normal disc-and bulge-dominated galaxies which may represent observational evidence for past epochs of feedback that suppressed star formation in LINER host galaxies. We propose that nuclear ULXs may account for the X-ray emission from LINER 2s without flat-spectrum, compact radio cores. We confirmed the robustness of our results in X-rays by comparing them with the 14-195 keV 22-month BAT survey of AGN, which is all-sky and unbiased by photoelectric absorption.