Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Connecting Indigenous and Scientific Ecological Knowledge in the Madidi National Park, Bolivia

Across the Amazon basin, indigenous communities harbor a deep understanding of their surrounding ecosystems. However, the extent to which humans depend on ecosystem services across different ethnic groups and spatial scales remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of ecological processes in determining the human use of plants in the context of the Tacana people in Madidi National Park (Bolivia). Two different hypothesis are tested: (1) the availability of the species shapes their final use and (2) plant biodiversity influences how the forest is used. The data were compiled in a total of 44 plots (0.1 ha), measuring all woody plants with dbh ≥ 2.5 cm, within five different regions (both submontane and lowland tierra-firme forests). Results showed that (1) the species apparency plays a significant role in the selection of plants for its use and (2) the maximal use of a forest depends on intermediate levels of plant diversity. This study highlights the human capacity to adapt to specific environmental conditions based on the availability and/or biodiversity of the plant resources. Therefore, the integration of indigenous perception in conservation strategies is crucial as the ecology of the Amazonian forests is shaped by the long-lasting effects of its ancient and modern inhabitants.
How does CSR enhance the financial performance of SMEs? The mediating role of firm reputation

Abstract This study investigates the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the mediating role of firm reputation from a developing country perspective. Empirical research was carried out, and data were gathered using a questionnaire from 402 owners/managers of SMEs in Eritrea, a country in East Africa. Smart-Partial Least Squares structural equation modelling was employed. The results showed that CSR significantly influences the performance of SMEs, and this relationship is partially mediated by firm reputation. This research contributes to the knowledge of how CSR activities lead to SMEs’ financial performance. This strengthens prior evidence on the impact of CSR on business performance while also contributing significantly to the literature on the mediating role of reputation between social and financial performance. The application of the relationship to SMEs in developing nations reinforces the originality of this study. It makes substantial contributions to the literature in terms of theory, practice, and policy.
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) in Poland: analysis of patient series and practical guidelines for breast surgeons

Introduction Although breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is infrequent, with less than 1000 noted cases worldwide, patients consenting for breast implant surgery should be aware of its risk. We describe the first Polish multicenter case-series data on BIA-ALCL patients and present diagnostic and treatment recommendation for breast surgeons. Material and methods In cooperation with the Polish Society of Surgical Oncology and Polish Lymphoma Research Group, we collected BIA-ALCL cases in Poland. Results We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of seven BIA-ALCL patients, diagnosed between July 2013 and November 2019. The median time from implant placement to the first BIA-ALCL symptoms was 65 months (range: 33–96 months). All the patients were exposed to textured implants at presentation. Capsulectomy with implant removal was performed in all the patients with immediate reimplantation in 2 cases. In a median follow-up of 19 months (range 5-81 months), there was no recurrence and all the patients stayed alive. Between 2013 and 2019, the incidence of BIA-ALCL in Polish female population age 30 and above ranged from 0 to 0.021/100 000/year. Conclusions BIA-ALCL is scarce in the Polish population. In a short-term follow-up, patients’ prognosis remains excellent. Due to the withdrawal of roughly textured implants from the market and the exclusion of likely the most potent etiologic factor, it might be expected that the incidence of BIA-ALCL will become even rarer.
Irrigation strategies with saline water on cherry tomato in greenhouse

O uso de agua salina na irrigacao e um desafio para pesquisadores e produtores rurais, sendo fundamental o desenvolvimento de novas estrategias para manejo da irrigacao utilizando essas aguas. Os tratamentos foram constituidos por seis estrategias de aplicacao de agua salina (T1 - Agua de baixa salinidade (S1-0,5 dS m-1) durante todo o ciclo; T2 - Agua salina (S2-3,5 dS m-1) durante todo o ciclo; T3-S1 e S2 durante todo o ciclo; T4-S1 e S2, com divisao do sistema radicular por um filtro plastico; T5-S1 e S2, com divisao do sistema radicular alternando-se as aguas a cada 15 dias; T6-S1e S2, sem divisao do sistema radicular alternando-se as aguas a cada 15 dias). Foram realizadas cinco colheitas de frutos e as plantas foram coletadas aos 100 dias apos o transplante e avaliadas quanto as seguintes variaveis: numero de folhas, area foliar, altura, diâmetro do caule, massa seca de folhas, massa seca de caule, massa seca de frutos, numero de cachos, numero de frutos e producao de frutos. A maioria das variaveis foi afetada pela salinidade da agua de irrigacao. O maior rendimento de frutos foi obtido com uso de agua de baixa salinidade e quando se realizou mistura de agua e alternando-as quinzenalmente, demonstrando a viabilidade dessas tecnicas.
Storage of Organic and Inorganic Carbon in Arid-Semihumid Soils: A Case Study of the Rangelands of Northwestern Iran

Abstract The inorganic and organic components of soil carbon (C) constitute the largest C pool in the terrestrial biosphere. Determining changes in soil organic C (SOC) and inorganic C (SIC) under different climates is necessary for assessing C sequestration. The effects of arid, semiarid, and semihumid climates on SOC, SIC, and soil total C (STC) storage in 27 pedons along a soil climosequence were investigated. Results showed that SIC constituted 85%, 65%, and 74% of STC in the arid, semiarid, and semihumid regions, respectively, highlighting the importance of inorganic C in the C cycle. Soil organic C and SIC content and storage showed inverse trends with increasing soil depth. The mean content of STC storage in the semihumid region (113.12 Mg ha−1) was larger than in the semiarid (62.78 Mg ha−1) and arid (37.49 Mg ha−1) regions. The average times needed to store SIC in the semihumid, semiarid, and arid regions were estimated as 15,400, 23,100, and 26,000 years, respectively, suggesting that SIC is stored more rapidly in wetter climates because of more weathering.
Diversity Influences Tree Aboveground Carbon Stocks Through Functional Diversity and Functional Dominance in the Dry Evergreen Afromontane Forest of Hararghe Highland, Southeast Ethiopia

Background: The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function has increasingly been debated as the key ecological issues behind ecosystem service provision. Still, many experimental and theoritical based studies have reported inconsistent patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem function relationships, supporting either niche complementarity or selection effect hypothesis. In this study, aboveground carbon (AGC) stock used as a proxy for ecosystem function and examined its relationship with species diversity, through functional diversity and functional dominance. It is hypothesized that (i) diversity influences AGC through functional diversity and functional dominance effects; and (ii) effects of diversity on AGC would be parted for both functional dominance and functional diversity. Community weight mean (CWM) of functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area, and maximum plant height) was calculated to assess functional dominance (selection effects). As for functional diversity (complementarity effects), multi-trait functional diversity (selection effects) indices were computed. The first hypothesis was tested using structural equation modeling. For the second hypothesis, the effects of environmental variables such as slope, aspect and elevation were tested first, and separate linear mixed effects models were fitted afterward for functional diversity, functional dominance, and both.Results: Results revealed that tree aboveground carbon varied significantly along the slope gradient. Species diversity (richness) had a positive relationship with aboveground carbon, even when elevation effects were considered. As predicted, diversity effects on aboveground carbon were mediated through functional diversity and functional dominance, suggesting that both the niche complementarity and the selection effects are not exclusively affecting carbon stock. However, the effects were greater for functional diversity than for functional dominance. Furthermore, functional dominance effects were strongly transmitted by CWM of maximum plant height, reflecting the importance of forest vertical stratification of diversity and carbon relationship. We therefore argue for stronger complementary effects that would be induced also by complementary light use efficiency of tree and species growing in the understory layer.Conclusions: Species diversity (richness) influences carbon stock through functional diversity and functional dominance. Both the niche complementarity and selection hypotheses are important predictors of carbon stock in the study forest.
Prevalence of Methanobrevibacter oralis in Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Pilot Study

Ab s t r Ac t Background: Periodontitis is polymicrobial infection. Literature evidences supports the use of 16S ribosomal RNA ribotyping method to detect more than 100 noncultivable bacterial species present in subgingival microflora, concluding “plaque is composed of nonspecific opportunistic pathogens” that induce species like methanogenic archaea. Archaea are found in the oral cavity of human in the saliva, oral biofilms, endodontic lesions, and subgingival deep periodontal pockets of periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis has been linked to multiple members of the domain bacteria; however, not one member explains its role in the periodontitis. There are few studies that linked archaea to the subgingival biofilm of chronic periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of archaea in periodontally healthy and chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: A total of 30 subjects (age range: 25–60 years), 15 subjects each in periodontally healthy and chronic periodontitis, participated in this study to find the prevalence of Methanobrevibacter (M.) oralis. Clinical parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. The M. oralis was detected using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The prevalence of archaea in chronic periodontitis is 40% and in healthy subjects 6.7%. Conclusion: Chronic periodontitis showed more prevalence of archaea in periodontal pockets, which may suggest association with periodontitis.
Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Vicia faba Plants Cultivated under the Interactive Effect of Drought and Nitric Oxide

The improving of drought tolerant of plant is the main target of recent studies over the world. The present investigation deals with using nitric oxide (NO) as a protecting agent against drought stress. NO act a vital role in diverse physiological functions in plants. Presoaking of seeds of two faba bean cultivars (Giza and El-masria) at NO (0.1 mM) for 8 hours and control plants were soaked in distilled water. Plants were cultivated at three levels of water availabilities (100, 70 and 50% FC). Deleterious impact of drought was reduced of chlorophyll a. and reduction of total protein, soluble protein in El-masria 3 cultivar. Whilst drought stress reduced secondary metabolism phenolic compounds but anthocyanins were enhanced by stress. No alleviated the bad impact of water deficiency on cultivars of faba beans by improved the chlorophyll a, carotenoids, soluble carbohydrates, free amino acids, phenolic compounds and anthocyanin. Exogenous application of nitric oxide (0.1 mM NO) may improve the performance of faba bean to be more drought-tolerant.
Experimental Heat Transfer and Boundary Layer Measurements on a Ceramic Matrix Composite Surface

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are quickly becoming more prevalent in the design of gas turbines due to their advantageous weight and thermal properties. While there are many advantages, the CMC surface morphology differs from that of conventional cast airfoil components. Despite a great deal of research focused on the material properties of CMCs, little public work has been done to investigate the impact that the CMC surface morphology has on the boundary layer development and resulting heat transfer. In this study, a scaled-up CMC weave pattern was developed and tested in a low-speed wind tunnel to evaluate both heat transfer and boundary layer characteristics. Results from these experiments indicate that the CMC weave pattern results in augmented heat transfer and flow field properties that significantly vary locally when compared with a smooth surface.
We are More Than Your Paycheck

International students in the U.S. have been pushed out and dehumanized by the policies of the Trump Administration. While sometimes the arguments used to defend the importance of international students tend to perpetuate their commodification; the rapid, coordinated, and powerful mobilization led by scholars and higher education institutions after the #StudentBan, gives us hope for a more inclusive future.
Long-Term Organic Amendment Application Improves Influence on Soil Aggregation, Aggregate Associated Carbon and Carbon Pools under Scented Rice-Potato-Onion Cropping System after the 9th Crop Cycle

ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of long-term application of organic manures on aggregate stability, associated carbon concentrations and carbon pools as an important soil-quality parameter under a scented rice-potato-onion cropping system in silt-loam textured soil in Eastern Bihar, India (subtropical climatic condition). Five treatments were used: 1) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) – 100% recommended dose of NPK; 2) NPK+FYM (farmyard manure) – 50%NPK+50% N as FYM; 3) FYM+VC (vermicompost)+ NC (neem cake) – different organic sources each equivalent to 1/3 of the recommended N (FYM +VC +NC); 4) FYM+VC+NC+PSB (phosphate-solubilizing bacteria – different organic sources each equivalent to 1/3 of the recommended N (FYM +VC+NC)+biofertilizers containing N and P carriers (PSB) and 5) FYM+BFN+BM+PSB – 50% N as FYM + biofertilizer for N +Bone meal to substitute P requirement of crops + PSB. The aggregate size distribution (>250 μm) at different soil depths is higher in treatment FYM+VC+NC+PSB and is at par with FYM+VC+NC, followed by FYM+BFN+BM+PSB and NPK+FYM, and the lowest in treatment receiving 100% NPK. The mean carbon concentration in each soil fraction was higher in soil depth 0–10 cm, followed by 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm. The trend of mean weight diameter (MWD) in different treatments was FYM+VC+NC+PSB ≥ FYM+VC+NC > NPK+FYM > FYM+BFN+BM+PSB > NPK. The trend of carbon concentrations in different treatments was FYM+VC+NC+PSB ≥ FYM+VC+NC > FYM+BFN+BM+PSB ≥ NPK+FYM > NPK. Non-labile pool of carbon forms the major portion (60.14%) of the total soil organic carbon (SOC) irrespective of all depths. Bulk density (BD) has a significant role in stabilizing soil aggregates as well as increasing the SOC content in soil. SOC was negatively correlated with BD (r = −0.870, p = 0.05), MWD (r = −0.911, p = 0.01) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) (r = −0.958, p = 0.05) irrespective of depth. This study took further steps toward understanding the enhancing of aggregate stability on organic manures addition for soil quality improvement.
Does Leverage, Dividend Per Share, and Cash Flow Volatility Affect Hedging Decisions?: An Empirical Study on Listed Manufacturing Companies

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of leverage, dividend per share, cash flow volatility on the hedging decision. This study uses secondary data of financial statements or annual reports published in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The population in this study is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period 2015-2018. Purposive sampling technique is adopted in determining the sample of the study. Fourteen listed manufacturing companies are involved in this study. The method of data analysis used is the logistic regression method. The results of the study indicate that leverage and dividend per share have a significant effect on hedging decisions. Meanwhile, Cash flow volatility has no significant effect on
Theoretical and empirical conversion factors for determining bacterial production in freshwater sediments via leucine incorporation

Bacteria play an extraordinarily important role in carbon transformations. It is therefore crucial to accurately measure bacterial production. One of the most widely used methods is the leucine method. From rates of leucine incorporation bacterial carbon production can be derived by empirical or theoretical conversion factors (CFs). However, only few empirical CFs have been established, and no estimation of the theoretical conversion factor for freshwater systems exists until today. Therefore, we determined both, the empirical and the theoretical conversion factor, of sediment bacteria from a headwater stream. The empirical conversion factor determined from exponentially growing bacteria was 1.445 kg C mol−1. The theoretical conversion factor derived from the determination of the molar fraction of leucine in bacterial protein (0.081 ± 0.001) was 1.442 kg C mol−1. Both conversion factors are close to each other and similar to conversion factors established for marine bacterioplankton. Therefore, results of the present study indicate that high values of bacterial production determined in freshwater sediments by the leucine method in several studies were not overestimates caused by inappropriate use of CFs from marine systems but represent true high bacterial production in these environments. For studies that apply the leucine technique in freshwaters, we recommend using the theoretical conversion factor for calculation of bacterial carbon production: BCP (kg) = 1.44 × Leuinc (Leuinc = leucine incorporation in mol).
Nutritive Value, Protein Quality and Acceptability of Rice Cakes Fortified with Legumes

Leguminous flour are ideal ingredients for improving the nutritional value of bakery products because of their amino acid composition and fiber content. The aim of the study was to evaluate partial replacement of rice flour with chickpea, lentil, and white beans flours in preparing cakes in terms of protein quality and organoleptic properties. Rice cakes were prepared by supplementing with 20%and 40% of chickpea, lentil, and white beans flours. Supplementation resulted a significant different (p 0.05) in some cakes. The study recommends that using composite flour should be encouraged among food industries to produce good quality, acceptable and nutritious palatable cakes.
The Effects Of Ph On Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (ebpr) With Propionic Acid As The Dominant Volatile Fatty Acid (vfa)

pH control is a tool to improve some aspects of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) process. Filipe et al (2001a, 2001b, and 2001c) found strong evidence that the stability of EBPR systems can be improved by increasing the pH of the anaerobic zone, thereby creating conditions where phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) are able to take up acetate faster than glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs). They explained this observation by comparing the growth rate of phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogenaccumulating organisms (GAOs) and found that pH has little effect on PAOs growth rate but adversely affects GAOs growth rate when it increases (at pH values greater than 7.25, PAOs would take acetate faster than GAOs would). They used synthetic wastewater rich in acetic acid. In this study, we used real wastewater and the dominant volatile fatty acid available to microorganisms was propionic acid in continuous EBPR system. It was found that lower anaerobic zone pH (6.5 vs. 7.2) reduced the anaerobic P release both on an MLVSS specific basis and also on a non-specific (absolute value for the process) basis. In addition, the observed yield was significantly decreased. Aerobic P uptake was lower in the low-pH system (on a non-specific basis) due to the lower observed yield, and thus lower MLVSS concentration. Net P uptake was hard to interpret because of the effect of P release in the secondary clarifier of Train 2 (high pH). However, on a specific basis it was clear that net P uptake was either equal or better in the low-pH system regardless of how the secondary clarifier
Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Use amongst Antenatal in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital of Haryana

Background - WHO defines ‘Traditional medicine’ as the sum total of the knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health, as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illnesses. Aims and Objective - To study Complementary and alternative medicinal use in addition to allopathic medicine amongst pregnant women visiting antenatal clinics in a rural tertiary care hospital of Haryana. Material and Method – Antenatal women attending the Outpatient Department in a tertiary care hospital situated in a rural area in Haryana. Study Design – A prospective , cross sectional study Result – A total of 128 pregnant women participated in the study. Majority of these i.e 83% reported use of CAM during pregnancy. However pregnant women came forward with history of CAM use only after great persuasion. Conclusion –CAM is commonly used by majority of pregnant women in antenatal period. Rural women with low sociodemographic status with lesser education , home maker and unbooked pregnancy are vulnerable group for the CAM use. Moreover extremely low level of communication between CAM user and health care provider is worrisome and demands that physician should inquire their patients about the use of CAM.
Proteomic Analysis of Pathogen-Responsive Proteins from Maize Stem Apoplast Triggered by Fusarium Verticillioides

Background:Plant apoplast is the frontline battlefield between the host and the invading pathogen. In response to the pathogen attack, a variety of defense-associated proteins are secreted by the host plant in the apoplast to impede the perceived attack. To better understand the plant response after Fusarium verticillioides attack, proteomic analyses of the maize apoplastic fluid was done using LC-MS/MS coupled with label-free quantification. Results:In total, 742 proteins responsive to the F. verticillioides infection were identified. Among them, 158 were differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs). Out of these 158 proteins, 35 were upregulated, and 18 were down-regulated, whereas, 65 and 40 unique proteins were identified from inoculated and un-inoculated plants, respectively. Enrichment analyses categorized the proteins into 4 pathways, and biosynthesis of amino acid was the prominent pathway followed by the metabolic pathways. Moreover, 86 DAPs were predicted as secretory proteins. The identified secreted proteins were related to a variety of pathways in defense responses, including cell redox homeostasis, cell wall modification, signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, and others.Conclusions:Our data suggested that the maize plants carried out a rigorous reprogramming of the proteins in the apoplastic region to cope with the attack of F. verticillioides.