Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Monocular Depth Prediction Network Using Coordinate Attention and Feature Fusion

The recovery of reasonable depth information from different scenes is a popular topic in the field of computer vision. For generating depth maps with better details, we present an efficacious monocular depth prediction framework with coordinate attention and feature fusion. Specifically, the proposed framework contains attention, multi-scale and feature fusion modules. The attention module improves features based on coordinate attention to enhance the predicted effect, whereas the multi-scale module integrates useful low-and high-level contextual features with higher resolution. Moreover, we developed a feature fusion module to combine the heterogeneous features to generate high-quality depth outputs. We also designed a hybrid loss function that measures prediction errors from the perspective of depth and scale-invariant gradients, which contribute to preserving rich details. We conducted the experiments on public RGBD datasets, and the evaluation results show that the proposed scheme can considerably enhance the accuracy of depth prediction, achieving 0.051 for log10 and 0.992 for δ<1.25 3 on the NYUv2 dataset.
THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION AND YOUNG BROWN DWARF CANDIDATES IN NGC 2264. III. PHOTOMETRIC DATA

We have performed deep wide-field CCD photometry of the young open cluster NGC 2264 to study the extent of star-forming regions (SFRs) and the shape of the initial mass function. In this paper, we present VRI and Hα photometry for more than 67,000 stars. From the spatial distribution of the selected Hα emission stars, we identify two active SFRs and a less active halo region surrounding these two SFRs. There are several Hα emission stars in the field region outside the halo region, and these may be newly formed stars in the Mon OB1 association surrounding the cluster. The locus of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars in the IC versus V − IC diagram is revised from the distribution of Hα and X-ray emission stars in the diagram. The mean reddening of late-type PMS stars is estimated to be E(B − V) ≈ 0.2 mag using the distribution of X-ray emission stars in the 2MASS color–color diagram. We can confirm that the Hα emission stars below the PMS locus (so-called BMS stars) are bona-fide members of NGC 2264 from their spatial distribution as well as from their near-IR excess in the 2MASS color–color diagram. In addition, four objects around IRS-2 detected with the Spitzer IRAC are also classified as BMS stars.
Auroral forms and the field‐aligned current structure associated with field line resonances

We show evidence to suggest that some auroral forms may be related to the field-aligned current structure associated with magnetohydrodynamic wave activity, specifically field line resonances. These auroras appear as a series of azimuthally spaced east-west elongated arcs, inclined slightly from north to south. Modeling shows that this “braided” appearance reflects the locations of upward field-aligned current driven by the wave. Moreover, more complicated auroral structures can be produced if several harmonically related waves occur together. We model a situation in which two harmonic components are present at the latitude of resonance and demonstrate the striking similarity between the resulting field-aligned current structures and actual auroral observations.
Weak and strong convergence to fixed points of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings

Let T be an asymptotically nonexpansive self-mapping of a closed bounded and convex subset of a uniformly convex Banach space which satisfies Opial's condition. It is shown that, under certain assumptions, the sequence given by xn+1 = αnTn(xn) + (1 - αn)xn converges weakly to some fixed point of T. In arbitrary uniformly convex Banach spaces similar results are obtained concerning the strong convergence of (xn) to a fixed point of T, provided T possesses a compact iterate or satisfies a Frum-Ketkov condition of the fourth kind.
Stark Broadening Effect in Stellar Atmospheres: Nd II Lines

The influence of the Stark broadening mechanism on line shapes and equivalent widths in stellar atmospheres was considered. The test of this influence was done for 38 astrophysically important Nd II lines for different types of stellar atmospheres. Moreover, the electron-impact widths for 284 Nd II lines are given. For calculation of the electron-impact widths we use the modified semiempirical method.
Extremal problems for integrals of non-negative functions

We study the numbers that characterize the best approximation of the integrals of functions in , , by integrals of rank . We find exact values and orders as for the least upper bounds of these numbers on the classes of functions representable as products of a fixed non-negative function and functions in the unit ball of . The numbers are used to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for an arbitrary function in to lie in , . We discuss applications of the results obtained to the approximation of measurable functions (given by convolutions with summable kernels) by entire functions of exponential type.
On a Markovian queue with weakly correlated interarrival times

A queueing system with exponential service and correlated arrivals is analysed. Each interarrival time is exponentially distributed. The parameter of the interarrival time distribution depends on the parameter for the preceding arrival, according to a Markov chain. The parameters of the interarrival time distributions are chosen to be equal to a common value plus a factor ofε, where ε is a small number. Successive arrivals are then weakly correlated. The stability condition is found and it is shown that the system has a stationary probability vector of matrix-geometric form. Furthermore, it is shown that the stationary probabilities for the number of customers in the system, are analytic functions ofε, for sufficiently smallε, and depend more on the variability in the interarrival time distribution, than on the correlations.
Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports Using Box-Scores to Determine a Position ' s Contribution to Winning Basketball Games

While it is generally recognized that the relative importance of different skills is not constant across different positions on a basketball team, quantification of the differences has not been well studied. 1163 box scores from games in the National Basketball Association during the 1996-97 season were used to study the relationship of skill performance by position and game outcome as measured by point differentials. A hierarchical Bayesian model was fit with individual players viewed as a draw from a population of players playing a particular position: point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward, center, and bench. Posterior distributions for parameters describing position characteristics were examined to discover the relative importance of various skills as quantified in box scores across the positions. Results were consistent with expectations, although defensive rebounds from both point and shooting guards were found to be quite important.
The robustness of several estimators of the survivorship function with randomly censored data

The problem of estimating the survivorship function, R(t) = P(T > t), arises frequently in both engineering and biomedical sciences. In many applications the data one sees are censored due to the occurrence of some competing cause of failure such as withdrawal from the study, failure from some cause not under study, etc. In the biomedical sciences the distribution free estimator suggested by Kaplan and Meier (JASA 1958) is routinely used, while in the engineering sciences a parametric approach is more commonly used. In this report we study the efficiency of these two techniques when a particular parametric model such as the exponential, Weibull, normal, log normal, exponential power, Pareto, Gompertz, gamma, or bathtub shaped hazard distribution is assumed under a variety of censoring schemes and underlying failure models. We conclude that in most cases the parametric estimators outperform the distribution free estimator. The results are particularly striking if the Weibull forms of these estimators are u.
State response for continuous-time antilinear systems

In this study, the authors investigate the state response for continuous-time antilinear dynamical systems. First, they propose the concept of matrix anti-exponential function, and then derived some nice properties of this new function. With the matrix anti-exponential function as an effective tool, they obtain a closed-form expression for the state response of continuous-time antilinear systems. Finally, they derived an expression with finite terms for the proposed matrix anti-exponential function, which will be useful for numerical implementation.
Premixed flames excited by helical disturbances: flame wrinkling and heat release oscillations

This paper describes an analysis of the response of swirling premixed flames to helical disturbances, i.e., where the flow fluctuations have an azimuthal dependence of the form u^i′∞ exp(imθ) and m denotes the helical mode number. Results elaborate the nature of local flame wrinkling and heat release fluctuations. Significantly, these results show that these different induced fluctuations exhibit very different sensitivities to helical mode number m, swirl strength, and dimensionless frequency. In addition, the degree of axisymmetry of the time averaged flame plays a crucial role in these interactions, particularly in how flow disturbances u^i′ translate into heat release oscillations. Thus, the helical mode m, with the dominant contribution to local flame wrinkling and heat release, m=m0, and spatially integrated heat release fluctuations, m=m1, is generally different. For example, helical mode m, leading to the largest amplitude of local flame wrinkling and heat release in a solid body swirl flowfield, .
Theory of the carrier‐density fluctuations in an IGFET near threshold

A three‐dimensional perturbation‐theory treatment of the carrier‐density fluctuations in the insulated‐gate field‐effect transistor (IGFET) above threshold and their effect upon the source‐drain current is presented. The fluctuations are considered to be generated by interface charge nonuniformities. It is shown that such fluctuations reduce the source‐drain current over that for a uniform device with the same average carrier density. It is found that the fluctuations increase with decreasing carrier density, that they are larger in a shallow channel than in a deep channel, and that the increase in fluctuations with decreasing carrier density is quite abrupt. The critical carrier density below which carrier‐density fluctuations are important is found to be ? 1011 carriers/cm2 at 300 °K and ? 1012 carriers/cm2 at 0 °K for ordinary‐device charge densities. The difference in the threshold for the onset of fluctuations at the two temperatures is attributable to the smaller amplitude of fluctuations at high temp.
Doubly Nonlinear Degenerate Parabolic Systems with Coupled Nonlinear Boundary Conditions

In this paper, we study the global existence and the global nonexistence of doubly nonlinear degenerate parabolic systems with nonlinear boundary conditions. We first prove a local existence result by the regularization method. Next, we construct a weak comparison principle. Then we discuss the large time behavior of solutions by using a modified upper and lower solution methods and constructing various upper and lower solutions. Necessary and sufficient conditions on the global existence of all positive (weak) solutions are obtained.
Computer simulations of rapid granular flows of spheres interacting with a flat, frictional boundary

This paper employs computer simulations to test the theory of Jenkins [J. Applied Mech. 59, 120 (1992)] for the interaction between a rapid granular flow of spheres and a flat, frictional wall. This paper examines the boundary conditions that relate the shear stress and energy flux at the wall to the normal stress, slip velocity, and fluctuation energy, and to the parameters that characterize a collision. It is found that while the theory captures the trends of the boundary conditions at low friction, it does not anticipate their behavior at large friction. A critical evaluation of Jenkins’ assumptions suggests where his theory may be improved.
Numerical and experimental characterization of 4H-silicon carbide lateral metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor

Combined simulation and experimental analyses are performed to characterize the 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) lateral metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). Using a quasi-two-dimensional depth dependent Coulomb mobility model for scattering due to interface and oxide charge, along with existing models for other scattering mechanisms, and an in-house drift diffusion device simulator tailored for SiC MOSFETs, we have extracted values for interface trap density of states for 4H-SiC MOSFETs. Characterization shows that the interface trapped charge in 4H-SiC MOSFETs is responsible for mobility degradation and reduction in mobile inversion charge, and therefore reduced current. Its effect on mobility degradation decreases at higher gate voltages due to increased screening. Our results show that at high gate voltages, surface roughness plays the major role in surface mobility degradation in 4H-SiC MOSFETs. Results indicate that due to high Coulomb scattering near the interface, current density is.
Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of nanorod-based nanofluids

In this work, the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity enhancement in nanofluids containing Bi2Te3 nanorods has been studied. The Bi2Te3 nanorods of average diameter 20nm and length 170nm are synthesized using the sonochemical technique. The 3ω-wire method has been developed to measure the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The thermal conductivity enhancement in the nanorods-in-FC72 and the nanorods-in-oil nanofluids has been experimentally found to decrease with increasing temperature, in contrast to the trend observed in nanofluids containing spherical nanoparticles. The contrary trend is attributable mainly to the particle aspect ratio.
Non-axisymmetric instability of core–annular flow

Stability of core-annular flow of water and oil in a vertical circular pipe is studied with respect to non-axisymmetric disturbances. Results show that when the oil core is thin, the flow is most unstable to the asymmetric sinuous mode of disturbance, and the core moves in the form of corkscrew waves as observed in experiments. The asymmetric mode of disturbance is the most dangerous mode for quite a wide range of material and flow parameters. This asymmetric mode persists in vertical pipes with upward and downward flows and in horizontal pipes. The analysis also applies to the instability of freely rising axisymmetric cigarette smoke or a thermal plume. The study predicts a unique wavelength for the asymmetric meandering waves.
Fit Accuracy of Removable Partial Denture Frameworks Fabricated from 3D-Printed Resin Patterns Versus Selective Laser Melting

Statement of Problem : Fit accuracy is not only essential to the success of prosthodontic rehabilitation with removable partial dentures (RPDs) but is also necessary to prevent trauma to the oral hard and soft tissues. Questions remain whether the fit accuracy of digitally fabricated RPD frameworks is comparable to those fabricated by more conventional techniques. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the fit accuracy of RPD frameworks fabricated by 3D-printed resin pattern casting versus those fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The null hypothesis is that there is no significant difference in the fit accuracy: (1) between 3D printed castable resin patterns and SLM-printed frameworks, and (2) among the 4 areas measured under the framework (rest, retentive arm, bracing arm, major connector) within each group.
Scalability analysis of the synchronizability for ring or chain networks with dense clusters

It is well known that most real-world complex networks, such as the Internet and the World Wide Web, are evolving networks. An interesting fundamental question is: how do some important functions or dynamical behaviors of complex networks evolve with increasing network scale? This paper aims at investigating the scalability of the synchronizability for ring or chain networks with dense clusters as the network size increases. We discover some interesting phenomena as follows: (i) the synchronizability of ring or chain networks with clusters decreases with increasing network scale regardless of the inner structures of all communities; (ii) for the same network scale, the network synchronizability decreases more quickly with increasing number of cluster blocks than with increasing number of nodes within the cluster block; (iii) the number of rings or chains has a much more significant influence on the network synchronizability than the size of the rings or chains. Our results indicate that network synchronizability can be maintained with increasing network scale by avoiding ring and chain structures.
A delay decomposition approach to delay‐dependent stability for linear systems with time‐varying delays

This paper is concerned with delay‐dependent stability for linear systems with time‐varying delays. By decomposing the delay interval into multiple equidistant subintervals, on which different Lyapunov functionals are chosen, and new Lyapunov‐Krasvskii functionals are then constructed. Employing these new Lyapunov‐Krasvskii functionals, some new delay‐dependent stability criteria are established. The numerical examples show that the obtained results are less conservative than some existing ones in the literature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stationary residual layers in buoyant Newtonian displacement flows

We study buoyant displacement flows with two miscible fluids of equal viscosity in ducts that are inclined at angles close to horizontal (β≈90°). As the imposed velocity (V0) is increased from zero, we change from an exchange flow dominated regime to a regime in which the front velocity (Vf) increases linearly with V0. During this transition, we observed an interesting phenomenon in which the layer of displaced fluid remained at the top of the pipe (diameter D) during the entire duration of the experiment, apparently stationary for times t≳103D/V0 (the stationary residual layer). Our investigation revealed that this flow marks the transition between flows with a back flow, counter to the imposed flow, and those that displace instantaneously. The same phenomena are observed in pipes (experiments) and in plane channels (two-dimensional numerical computations). A lubrication/thin-film model of the flows also shows the transition from back flow to instantaneous displacement. At long times, this model h.
Cardiac reactivity to traffic noise during sleep in man

Abstract A relation between stimulus characteristics of traffic noise and cardiac response mechanisms during sleep was studied in 12 subjects, living along a highway with a high traffic density. Two experimental conditions were created inside the bedroom with (1) a normal sound level and (2) a reduced sound level. The indoor sound levels were reduced by means of acoustical double glazing of the windows facing the motorway with high traffic density. Ten nights were recorded per subject in each condition. Evoked Cardiac Responses (ECR) were observed due to peaks in the indoor recorded sound level signal in both conditions. The lowering of the sound level by sound insulation did not reduce the magnitude or the absolute level of the cardiac responses to the peaks in the traffic noise. This may be related to the fact that the sound insulation decreased the mean sound level, but not the number of sound peaks, thus indicating that the double glazing sound insulation was not optimal. Cardiac acceleration due to traffic noise stimuli did not decrease with time over the ten nights with high sound level. A relation was found between the magnitude of the ECR and the slope and the duration of the peaks in the sound level signal of the traffic noise as recorded in the bedroom. Our results provide evidence that “cardiac arousal” in response to traffic noise persists even during sleep. The cardiac reactivity was sensitive to changes in stimulus characteristics. Thus traffic noise can disturb sleep even without waking the subjects.
A mapping survey of massive CO cores

We mapped 21 star-forming regions with the 12 CO, 13 CO and C 18 O( 1 −0) lines using the 13.7-m telescope of Purple Mount Observatory. This mapping survey resolved 53 13 CO cores, of which 22 are sourceless. We obtained the physical parameters of these cores. The relation between 13 CO linewidth and core size and that between column density and core size were analysed. The cores 00211+6549−1 and 22566+5830 were found to have outflows. Systematic VLSR shifts were detected in nine regions: 00211+6549, 00232+6437, 05168+3634, 19199+1358, 20160+3911, 22566+5830, 23042+6000, S146 and S270. Signatures of infall and cloud collision were found in regions 18507+0121 and 19199+1358, respectively. We studied the mass function of these 13 CO cores. The core masses range from 3.40 to 4.64 × 10 4 M� , and the core mass function is a power-law distribution of index −0.82 ± 0.04.
The components of empirical multifractality in financial returns

We perform a systematic investigation on the components of the empirical multifractality of financial returns using the daily data of Dow Jones Industrial Average from 26 May 1896 to 27 April 2007 as an example. The temporal structure and fat-tailed distribution of the returns are considered as possible influence factors. The multifractal spectrum of the original return series is compared with those of four kinds of surrogate data: 1) shuffled data that contain no temporal correlation but have the same distribution, 2) surrogate data in which any nonlinear correlation is removed but the distribution and linear correlation are preserved, 3) surrogate data in which large positive and negative returns are replaced with small values, and 4) surrogate data generated from alternative fat-tailed distributions with the temporal correlation preserved. We find that all these factors have influence on the multifractal spectrum. We also find that the temporal structure (linear or nonlinear) has minor impact on the singularity width Δα of the multifractal spectrum while the fat tails have major impact on Δα, which confirms the earlier results. In addition, the linear correlation is found to have only a horizontal translation effect on the multifractal spectrum in which the distance is approximately equal to the difference between its DFA scaling exponent and 0.5. Our method can also be applied to other financial or physical variables and other multifractal formalisms.