Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orai 1 and Ca 2-independent phospholipase A 2 are required for store-operated I cat-SOC current , Ca 2 entry , and proliferation of primary vascular smooth muscle cells

Yang B, Gwozdz T, Dutko-Gwozdz J, Bolotina VM. Orai1 and Ca -independent phospholipase A2 are required for store-operated Icat-SOC current, Ca entry, and proliferation of primary vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 302: C748–C756, 2012. First published November 16, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00312. 2011. —Storeoperated Ca entry (SOCE) is important for multiple functions of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC), which, depending of their phenotype, can resemble excitable and nonexcitable cells. Similar to nonexcitable cells, Orai1 was found to mediate Ca -selective (CRAC-like) current and SOCE in dedifferentiated cultured SMC and smooth musclederived cell lines. However, the role of Orai1 in cation-selective store-operated channels (cat-SOC), which are responsible for SOCE in primary SMC, remains unclear. Here we focus on primary SMC, and assess the role of Orai1 and Ca -independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2 , or PLA2G6) in activation of cat-SOC current (Icat-SOC), SOCE, and SMC proliferation. Using molecular, electrophysiological, imaging, and functional approaches, we demonstrate that molecular knockdown of either Orai1 or iPLA2 leads to similar inhibition of the whole cell cat-SOC current and SOCE in primary aortic SMC and results in significant reduction in DNA synthesis and impairment of SMC proliferation. This is the first demonstration that Orai1 and iPLA2 are equally important for cat-SOC, SOCE, and proliferation of primary aortic SMC.
Dependency Based Chinese Sentence Realization

This paper describes log-linear models for a general-purpose sentence realizer based on dependency structures. Unlike traditional realizers using grammar rules, our method realizes sentences by linearizing dependency relations directly in two steps. First, the relative order between head and each dependent is determined by their dependency relation. Then the best linearizations compatible with the relative order are selected by log-linear models. The log-linear models incorporate three types of feature functions, including dependency relations, surface words and headwords. Our approach to sentence realization provides simplicity, efficiency and competitive accuracy. Trained on 8,975 dependency structures of a Chinese Dependency Treebank, the realizer achieves a BLEU score of 0.8874.
Triton: A Carrier-based Approach for Detecting and Mitigating Mobile Malware

The ubiquity of mobile devices and their evolution as computing platforms has made them lucrative targets for malware. Malware, such as spyware, trojans, rootkits and botnets that have traditionally plagued PCs are now increasingly targeting mobile devices and are also referred to as mobile malware. Cybercriminal attacks have used mobile malware trojans to steal and transmit users’ personal information, including financial credentials, to bot master servers as well as abuse the capabilities of the device (e.g., send premium SMS messages) to generate fraudulent revenue streams. In this paper, we describe Triton, a new, network-based architecture, and a prototype implementation of it, for detecting and mitigating mobile malware. Our implementation of Triton for both Android and Linux environments was built in our 3G UMTS lab network, and was found to efficiently detect and neutralize mobile malware when tested using real malware samples from the wild. Triton employs a defense-in-depth approach and features: 1) in-the- network malware detectors to identify and prevent the spread of malware and 2) a server-side mitigation engine that sends threat profiles to an on-the-phone trusted software component to neutralize and perform fine-grained remediation of malware on mobile devices. * This work was conducted while Arati Baliga was with the AT&T Security Research Center. Neil Daswani conducted this research while employed at Dasient. Twitter acquired Dasient in January 2012.
Soft X-ray AGN Luminosity Function from ROSAT Surveys II. Table of the binned Soft X-ray Luminosity Function

This is the second paper of our investigation of the 0.5-2 keV soft X-ray luminosity function (SXLF) of active galactic nuclei (AGN) using results from ROSAT surveys of various depth. The large dynamic range of the combined sample, from shallow large-area ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS)-based samples to the satellite's deepest pointed observation on the Lockman Hole, enabled us to trace the behavior of the SXLF. While the first paper (Miyaji, Hasinger, Schmidt 2000, hereafter paper I) emphasized the global behavior of the SXLF, cosmological evolution and contribution to the soft X-ray background, this paper presents actual numerical values for practical use of our results. To present the binned SXLF, we have used an improved estimator, which is free from biases associated with the conventional 1/Va estimator.
Exploring Translation of OpenMP to OpenACC 2.5: Lessons Learned

Scientists who want to exploit the computing power of the latest parallel architectures are faced with a diverse set of architectures and a number of programming languages, models and approaches. Among several such programming techniques are directive-based programming models, OpenMP and OpenACC. This paper explores the similarities and the functionality gaps between both models and presents insights into the translation process of constructs from OpenMP to OpenACC. An empirical study of performance and portability across multicore platforms and GPU accelerators for varying workload sizes is also presented.
Dose-dependent differences in the profile of mutations induced by an ultimate carcinogen from benzo[a]pyrene.

Mutations in the coding region of the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene of Chinese hamster V-79 cells were examined after exposure of the cells to a high cytotoxic dose (0.48 microM; 35% survival) and a low noncytotoxic dose (0.04 microM; 100% survival) of the ultimate carcinogen (+)-7R,8S-dihydroxy-9S,10R-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene [(+)-BPDE]. Independent 8-azaguanine-resistant colonies were isolated and cDNAs were prepared by reverse transcription. The coding region of the cDNA of the HPRT gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. An examination of the DNA base sequence changes induced by different doses of (+)-BPDE demonstrated that the high dose of (+)-BPDE caused base substitution mutations almost exclusively at G.C base pairs whereas the low dose of (+)-BPDE caused mutations at both G.C and A.T base pairs. Thus, use of a low dose of (+)-BPDE allowed the detection of mutations (at A.T base pairs) that were not readily observed with a high dose of (+)-BPDE. The data also suggest that the low dose of (+)-BPDE may have caused a different profile of base substitutions at G.C base pairs and exon deletions than the high dose. The results indicate dose-dependent differences in the profile of mutations for an ultimate carcinogen.
Pediatric Shoulder Instability: Presentation, Findings, Treatment, and Outcomes

There is no one large study on pediatric shoulder instability. The purposes of this study were to characterize patients with shoulder subluxation or dislocation, the treatments provided, outcomes, and the predictors of good outcomes. Seventy shoulders in 66 patients were retrospectively reviewed, all with follow-up >2 years. The authors defined characteristics, treatment, outcomes, and associations between patient and treatment variables and outcome measures. Instability was associated with boys, adolescents, and trauma. Forty-two shoulders received physical therapy, and 28 required surgery. At follow-up, 54 of 70 described their shoulders as “better” or “much better,” and 90% were performing at the same or higher levels of sports and work. Surgically treated patients were less likely to have recurrent instability or to report limitations. The current study is a large study of pediatric shoulder instability. Surgery improved stability, but overall, stability improved over time, with few patients having limitations at moderate- to long-term follow-up.
A Color-based Particle Filter

Robust real-time tracking of non-rigid objects is a challenging task. Particle filtering has been proven very successful for non-linear and non-Gaussian estimation problems. However, for the tracking of non-rigid objects, the selection of reliable image features is also essential. This paper presents the integration of color distributions into particle filtering, which has typically used edge-based image features. Color distributions are applied as they are robust to partial occlusion, are rotation and scale invariant and computationally efficient. Thus, the target model of the particle filter is defined by the color information of the tracked object. As the tracker should find the most probable sample distribution, the model is compared with the current hypotheses of the particle filter using the Bhattacharyya coefficient, which is a popular similarity measure between two distributions. The proposed tracking method directly incorporates the scale and motion changes of the objects. Comparisons with the well known mean shift tracker show the advantages and limitations of the new approach. Keywords— Object tracking, Condensation algorithm, Color filtering, Bhattacharyya coefficient, Mean shift tracking
Segmentation evaluation by fusion with a genetic algorithm

The goal of this work is to be able to quantify the quality of a segmentation result without any a priori knowledge. We propose in this article to fusion different unsupervised evaluation criteria. In order to identify the best ones to fusion, we compared six unsupervised evaluation criteria on a database composed of synthetic gray-level images. Vinet's measure is used as an objective function to compare the behavior of the different criteria. A new criterion is derived by linearly combining the best ones. The linear coefficients are determined by maximizing the correlation factor with the Vinet's measure by a genetic algorithm. We present in this article some experimental results of evaluation of natural gray-level images.
Improved interference approximation method for preamble-based channel estimation in FBMC/OQAM

Filter bank-based multicarrier modulation (FBMC) using offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM), known as FBMC/OQAM (or OFDM/OQAM), provides an attractive alternative to the conventional cyclic prefix-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM), especially in terms of increased robustness to frequency offset and Doppler spread, and high bandwidth efficiency. It suffers, however, from an inherent (intrinsic) imaginary intercarrier/inter-symbol interference that complicates signal processing tasks such as channel estimation (CE). Recently, the so-called interference approximation method (IAM) was proposed for preamble-based CE. It relies on the knowledge of the pilot's neighborhood to approximate this interference and constructively exploit it in simplifying CE and improving its performance. The IAM preamble with nulls at the neighboring time instants that results in optimum CE performance was recently reported. This paper investigates an extended version of it, which can provide significant improvement through an appropriate exploitation of the interfering symbols from neighboring time instants as well. Simulation results are presented that compare the methods, with each other and with CP-OFDM, in both mildly and highly frequencyselective channels.
A slow read attack using cloud

Cloud computing relies on sharing computing resources rather than having local servers or personal devices to handle applications. Nowadays, cloud computing has become one of the fastest growing fields in information technology. However, several new security issues of cloud computing have emerged due to its service delivery models. In this paper, we discuss the case of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack using Cloud resources. First, we show how such attack using a cloud platform could not be detected by previous techniques. Then we present a tricky solution based on the cloud as well.
DESIGN OF A SCHEME FOR SECURE ROUTING IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

Security has become a primary concern in order to provide protected communication between mobile nodes in a hostile environment. Unlike the wireline networks, the unique characteristics of mobile ad hoc networks pose a number of nontrivial challenges to security design, such as open peer-to-peer network architecture, shared wireless medium, stringent resource constraints, and highly dynamic network topology. These challenges clearly make a case for building multifence security solutions that achieve both broad protection and desirable network performance. So,we focus on the fundamental security problem of protecting the multihop network connectivity between mobile nodes in a MANET. We identify the security issues related to this problem, discuss the challenges to security design, and review the state of-the-art security proposals that protect the MANET link- and network-layer operations of delivering packets over the multihop wireless channel.
Smoothing of, and Parameter Estimation from, Noisy Biophysical Recordings

Biophysically detailed models of single cells are difficult to fit to real data. Recent advances in imaging techniques allow simultaneous access to various intracellular variables, and these data can be used to significantly facilitate the modelling task. These data, however, are noisy, and current approaches to building biophysically detailed models are not designed to deal with this. We extend previous techniques to take the noisy nature of the measurements into account. Sequential Monte Carlo (“particle filtering”) methods, in combination with a detailed biophysical description of a cell, are used for principled, model-based smoothing of noisy recording data. We also provide an alternative formulation of smoothing where the neural nonlinearities are estimated in a non-parametric manner. Biophysically important parameters of detailed models (such as channel densities, intercompartmental conductances, input resistances, and observation noise) are inferred automatically from noisy data via expectation-maximisation. Overall, we find that model-based smoothing is a powerful, robust technique for smoothing of noisy biophysical data and for inference of biophysical parameters in the face of recording noise.
mCLCA3 Modulates IL-17 and CXCL-1 Induction and Leukocyte Recruitment in Murine Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia

The human hCLCA1 and its murine ortholog mCLCA3 (calcium-activated chloride channel regulators) are exclusively expressed in mucus cells and linked to inflammatory airway diseases with increased mucus production, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both proteins have a known impact on the mucus cell metaplasia trait in these diseases. However, growing evidence points towards an additional role in innate immune responses. In the current study, we analyzed Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, an established model to study pulmonary innate immunity, in mCLCA3-deficient and wild-type mice, focusing on the cellular and cytokine-driven innate inflammatory response. We compared clinical signs, bacterial clearance, leukocyte immigration and cytokine responses in the bronchoalveolar compartment, as well as pulmonary vascular permeability, histopathology, mucus cell number and mRNA expression levels of selected genes (mClca1 to 7, Muc5ac, Muc5b, Muc2, Cxcl-1, Cxcl-2, Il-17). Deficiency of mCLCA3 resulted in decreased neutrophilic infiltration into the bronchoalveolar space during bacterial infection. Only the cytokines IL-17 and the murine CXCL-8 homolog CXCL-1 were decreased on mRNA and protein levels during bacterial infection in mCLCA3-deficient mice compared to wild-type controls. However, no differences in clinical outcome, histopathology or mucus cell metaplasia were observed. We did not find evidence for regulation of any other CLCA homolog that would putatively compensate for the lack of mCLCA3. In conclusion, mCLCA3 appears to modulate leukocyte response via IL-17 and murine CXCL-8 homologs in acute Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia which is well in line with the proposed function of hCLCA1 as a signaling molecule acting on alveolar macrophages.
Face representation and reconstruction under different illumination conditions

To deal with image variations due to illumination problem, Ramamoorthi and Basri have independently derived a spherical harmonic analysis for the Lambertian reflectance and linear subspace. Their theoretical work provided a new approach for face representation, however both of them assume that the 3D surface normals and albedo (or unit albedo) are known, which limit this algorithm's application. We present a novel method for modelling 3D face shape and albedo from only three images and this work will fill the blank which Ramamoorthi and Basri left. Our work is closely related to photometric stereo, but conditions of photometric stereo for estimating albedo and surface normal are too strict to be applied for real application. Moreover, the conventionally used singular value decomposition (SVD) approach leads to the notorious linear ambiguity and the solution to this problem needs to introduce more constraints or more images. By taking advantage of similar 3D shape of all human faces, the highlight of the new method is that it circumambulates the linear ambiguity by 3D alignment. The experiment results show that our estimated model can be perfectly employed to face recognition and 3D reconstruction.
On the predictability of large transfer TCP throughput

Predicting the throughput of large TCP transfers is important for a broad class of applications. This paper focuses on the design, empirical evaluation, and analysis of TCP throughput predictors. We first classify TCP throughput prediction techniques into two categories: Formula-Based (FB) and History-Based (HB). Within each class, we develop representative prediction algorithms, which we then evaluate empirically over the RON testbed. FB prediction relies on mathematical models that express the TCP throughput as a function of the characteristics of the underlying network path. It does not rely on previous TCP transfers in the given path, and it can be performed with non-intrusive network measurements. We show, however, that the FB method is accurate only if the TCP transfer is window-limited to the point that it does not saturate the underlying path, and explain the main causes of the prediction errors. HB techniques predict the throughput of TCP flows from a time series of previous TCP throughput measurements on the same path, when such a history is available. We show that even simple HB predictors, such as Moving Average and Holt-Winters, using a history of few and sporadic samples, can be quite accurate. On the negative side, HB predictors are highly path-dependent. We explain the cause of such path dependencies based on two key factors: the load on the path and the degree of statistical multiplexing.
Virologic and Biochemical Changes and Prognosis after Liver Resection for Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background/Aims: During the natural course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, clearance of HB e antigen (HBeAg) and HB surface antigen (HBsAg) occurs with remission of liver disease. We investigated the effects of postoperative changes in virologic and biochemical parameters on the prognosis after liver resection for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We investigated the relationship between postoperative changes in virologic and biochemical parameters and the incidence of intrahepatic recurrence and the outcome during a 3-year period following surgery in 30 HCC patients with HBsAg. Results: The incidence of intrahepatic recurrence of HCC was significantly higher in patients with acute postoperative exacerbation of hepatitis (p = 0.0084), a sustained high serum concentration of HBV DNA (≧5.0 mEq/ml, p = 0.001), and sustained expression of HBsAg after surgery (p = 0.0421). A high serum concentration of HBV DNA was significantly associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.0447) and the cause of death was recurrence of HCC. Conclusion: Patients with acute postoperative exacerbation of hepatitis, sustained HBsAg expression, and sustained high serum concentrations of HBV DNA after surgery may require more intensive postoperative monitoring for HCC recurrence.
A performance study of the wavelet-phase stability in the quantification of neural correlates of auditory selective attention

Large-scale neural correlates of auditory selective attention reflected in the electroencephalogram (EEG) have been identified by using the complex wavelet-phase stability measure (WPS). In this paper, we study the feasibility of using the WPS in extracting the correlates of selective attention by comparing its performance to the widely used linear interdependency measures, i.e., the wavelet coherence and the correlation coefficient. The outcome reveals that the phase measure outperforms the others in discriminating the attended and unattended single sweep auditory late responses (ALRs). Particularly, the number of response sweeps that are needed to perform the differentiation is largely reduced by using the proposed measure. It is concluded that a faster (in terms of using fewer sweeps) and more robust objective quantification of selective attention can be achieved by using the phase stability measure.
Development of a Medicaid Behavioral Health Case-Mix Model

Many Medicaid programs have either fully or partially carved out mental health services. The evaluation of carve-out plans requires a case-mix model that accounts for differing health status across Medicaid managed care plans. This article develops a diagnosis-based case-mix adjustment system specific to Medicaid behavioral health care. Several different model specifications are compared that use untransformed, square root transformed, and log-transformed expenditures.
Technology-Enhanced Simulation and Pediatric Education: A Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pediatrics has embraced technology-enhanced simulation (TES) as an educational modality, but its effectiveness for pediatric education remains unclear. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics and evaluate the effectiveness of TES for pediatric education. METHODS: This review adhered to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standards. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, Web of Science, Scopus, key journals, and previous review bibliographies through May 2011 and an updated Medline search through October 2013 were conducted. Original research articles in any language evaluating the use of TES for educating health care providers at any stage, where the content solely focuses on patients 18 years or younger, were selected. Reviewers working in duplicate abstracted information on learners, clinical topic, instructional design, study quality, and outcomes. We coded skills (simulated setting) separately for time and nontime measures and similarly classified patient care behaviors and patient effects. RESULTS: We identified 57 studies (3666 learners) using TES to teach pediatrics. Effect sizes (ESs) were pooled by using a random-effects model. Among studies comparing TES with no intervention, pooled ESs were large for outcomes of knowledge, nontime skills (eg, performance in simulated setting), behaviors with patients, and time to task completion (ES = 0.80–1.91). Studies comparing the use of high versus low physical realism simulators showed small to moderate effects favoring high physical realism (ES = 0.31–0.70). CONCLUSIONS: TES for pediatric education is associated with large ESs in comparison with no intervention. Future research should include comparative studies that identify optimal instructional methods and incorporate pediatric-specific issues into educational interventions.