Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University of Birmingham Implementation of a synthetic inflow turbulence generator in idealised WRF v3.6.1 large eddy simulations under neutral atmospheric conditions

A synthetic inﬂow turbulence generator was implemented in the idealised Weather Research and Forecasting large eddy simulation (WRF-LES v3.6.1) model under neutral atmospheric conditions. This method is based on an exponential correlation function and generates a series of two-dimensional slices of data which are correlated both in space and in time. These data satisfy a spectrum with a near “ − 5 / 3” inertial subrange, suggesting its excellent capability for high Reynolds number atmospheric ﬂows. It is more computationally efﬁcient than other synthetic turbulence generation approaches, such as three-dimensional digital ﬁlter methods. A WRF-LES simulation with periodic boundary conditions was conducted to provide prior mean proﬁles of ﬁrst and second moments of turbulence for the synthetic turbulence generation method, and the results of the periodic case were also used to evaluate the inﬂow case. The inﬂow case generated similar turbulence structures to those of the periodic case after a short adjustment distance. The inﬂow case yielded a mean velocity proﬁle and second-moment proﬁles that agreed well with those generated using periodic boundary conditions, after a short adjustment distance. For the range of the integral length scales of the inﬂow turbulence ( ± 40 %), its effect on the mean velocity proﬁles is negligible, whereas its inﬂuence on the second-moment proﬁles is more visible, in particular for the smallest integral length scales, e.g. those with the friction velocity of less than 4 % error of the reference data at x/H = 7. This implementation enables a WRF-LES simulation of a horizontally inhomogeneous case with non-repeated surface land-use patterns and can be extended so as to conduct a multi-scale seamless nesting simulation from a meso-scale domain with a kilometre-scale resolution down to LES domains with metre-scale resolutions.
Verification of structural performance of connections between reinforced concrete shear walls and outriggers in high‐rise buildings

The outrigger and belt truss system is the most commonly used lateral load‐resisting system for high‐rise buildings in which the external mega columns and core walls are connected via outriggers and belt trusses. The shear studs, which are used for the connections between the outriggers and the core walls, are subjected to pull‐out loading because of the lateral load. Although various types of shear studs have been developed based on analytical and experimental studies, most previous studies on the behavior and strength of shear studs have been based on push‐out tests. It is necessary to verify the structural performance of shear studs subjected to pull‐out loading before their field installation at the connections in the structural system of high‐rise buildings. In this study, experiments were conducted on full‐scale pull‐out test specimens made of materials having the same strength as those used in an actual high‐rise building structure. The experimental results show that the shear strength of the connection can be improved by approximately 7.9% using double‐headed studs instead of normal‐strength studs.
Feature-guided Deep Subdomain Adaptation Network for Dataset Mismatch in Spatial Steganalysis

Steganalysis aims to detect covert communication established via steganography. In recent years, numerous deep learning-based image steganalysis methods with high performance have been proposed. However, these methods tend to suffer from distinct performance degradation when cover images in the train and test set are quite different, also known as cover source mismatch. To address this limitation, in this paper, a feature-guided deep subdomain adaptation network is proposed. Initially, the predictions of the pretrained model are used as pseudo labels to divide the unlabeled samples of the target domain into different subdomains, and the distributions of the relevant subdomains are aligned by subdomain adaptation. Afterwards, since the steganalysis model may assign incorrect predictions to samples in the target domain, we integrate guiding features to make the division of subdomains more precise. The experimental results show that the proposed network is significantly better than other three networks such as Steganalysis Residual Network (SRNet), deep adaptive network (J-Net) and Deep Subdomain Adaptation Network (DSAN), when it is used to detect three spatial steganographic algorithms with a wide variety of datasets and payloads. Especially, compared with SRNet, the average accuracy of our method is increased by 5.4% at 0.4bpp and 8.5% at 0.2bpp in the case of dataset mismatch.
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND PLANT REGENERATION INDUCED FROM MATURE SEEDS, COTYLEDONS AND SHOOT TIPS OF CUCUMBER.

Commercial cucumber cultivars were explored for embryogenesis and plant regeneration induced in somatic tissues on plant growth regulators. An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for Cucumis sativus L via somatic embryogenesis has been developed. Embryogenic callus cultures were established from mature seeds, cotyledons and shoot tips on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 87.64 µM sucrose, 0.8% agar, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-D and kinetin. Maximum callus induction (94%, 92%) was observed in cotyledons and mature seeds on MS medium supplemented with 1mg/L 2,4-D, respectively. Somatic embryos were observed on mature seed explants after 17 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 5mg/L2,4-D (33%) and 0.5mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (27%). while somatic embryos were observed on cotyledon explants after 18 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 2mg/L 2,4-D (10%) and 0.5mg/L NAA (25%). The highest percentage of somatic embryogenesis (40%) was obtained with 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L NAA (30%) on shoot tip explants after 13 weeks. Regeneration of adventitious buds from callus of cotyledon and mature seeds were achieved after 8 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L and 1mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA), respectively. In vitro-regenerated plantlets with well-developed roots were successfully hardened in a greenhouse and established in soil. Generally, auxin was found critical for induction of callus and formation of somatic embryos, while the cytokinin was essential for callus differentiation and plant regeneration.
SOME FOLIAR APPLICATIONS FOR IMPROVING SNAP BEAN ( Phaseolus vulgaris , L.) QUALITY AND YIELD AT FALL SEASON.

Understanding the impact of ambient environmental condition is a concern for agricultural production. This work was undertaken to study the responses of two snap bean cultivars (Giza 3 and Bronco) to some stimulant substances, i.e., Cu- EDTA 8% Cu 1 ml/l; Mg-EDTA/Cit 10% Mg, 5ml/l and Fe-EDTA/Cit 10% Fe, 2ml/l in chelated forms, Ca-citrate 25% Ca, 2.5ml/l and KP/AA, 45/33.2 K 2 O, P 2 O 5 , 8.2% amino acids, 2.5ml/l; yeast extract, 25ml/l; seaweeds extracts, 5 ml/l and amino acids, 5ml/l as a foliar applications, throw two experiments conducted at El-Baramoon Res. Station, El-Dakahllia Governorate, Hort. Res. Inst. during the fall seasons of 2006 and 2007. Previous information showed that Bronco cv. display a physiological disorder at fall season (pale color of pods) which in turn negatively affects the economical value for the exportation of product, thereby, this work was suggested to improve yield and qualities, as well as growth and pigments of leaves and pods of snap bean plants, growing under abiotic stress conditions of fall season. Results indicated that Bronco cv. surpassed Giza3 in most vegetative growth parameters. Also, chlorophyll a and b of leaves, as well as pod chlorophyll a, b and TSS showed the same trends as vegetative growth aspects, though; Giza3 had the greatest concentrations of leaf and pod carotenoids in the two seasons. In addition, the highest number of pods/plant and consequently fresh pod yield were collected by Bronco plants. in the two seasons. On the other hand, the tallest, thickness and heaviest pod were gathered from Giza3 plants. The enhanced yield was associated with pod performance and number of pods/plant, regarding genotype responses under such condition. The applied treatments differed among them and were superior the control in all characteristics. The best applications with the two bean cvs. in most cases were Cu + Mg + Fe combination, KPaa, Mg, Fe, yeast, Ca, Cu, seaweeds extract and at least amino acids respectively, these increased the yield over control by, 24.8, 18.4, 17.3, 16.8, 13.7, 13, 12.1, 10.8 and 8.8% (mean of two seasons) respectively. It can be concluded that sprayed snap bean plants with the combination between Cu 0.5ml/l (Cu- EDTA 8% Cu), Mg 2.5ml/l (Mg-EDTA/Cit 10% Mg) and Fe 1.0ml/l (Fe-EDTA/Cit 10% Fe) and K 2.5ml/l (KPaa, 45/33.2 K 2 O, P 2 O 5 , 8.2% amino acids) for the best growth and maximum productivity under fall season conditions.
Prediction of sin 2 θ W in a Conformal Approach to Coupling Uniﬁcation

The possibility that non-supersymmetric conformal ﬁeld theories softly bro-ken below 100 TeV may provide an alternative to conventional grand uniﬁcation is explored. We consider a low energy theory presumed to be of this type arising from the Type IIB superstring compactiﬁed on a AdS 5 × S 5 / Γ space whose gauge group and the particle content are severely restricted by the compactiﬁcation process. We present an example of a resulting SU (4) C × SU (2) L × SU (2) R with three generations, which leads to coupling uniﬁcation and a prediction for sin 2 θ W ≃ . 227 and other phenomenology generally consistent with observations.
Strategy of CT sinogram inpainting based on sinusoid-like curve decomposition and eigenvector-guided interpolation

: Projection incompleteness in X-ray computed tomography (CT) often relates to sparse sampling or detector gaps, and leads to degraded reconstructions with severe streak and ring artifacts. To suppress these artifacts, this study develops a new sinogram inpainting strategy based on sinusoid-like curve decomposition and eigenvector-guided interpolation, where each missing sinogram point is considered located within a group of sinusoid-like curves, and estimated from a eigenvector-guided interpolation to preserve the sinogram texture continuity. The proposed approach is evaluated on real 2D fan-beam CT data, for which the projection incompleteness, due to sparse sampling and symmetric detector gaps, is simulated. A Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) -based parallelization is applied on the operations of sinusoid fittings and interpolations to accelerate the algorithm. A comparative study is then conducted to evaluate the proposed approach with two other inpainting methods and with a compressed sensing iterative reconstruction. Qualitative and quantitative performances demonstrate that the proposed approach can lead to efficient artifact-suppression and less structure-blurring.
Représentation régulière du groupe quantique des déplacements de Woronowicz

Apparatus for drying tobacco which is caused to pass through a steam-heated rotating drum has a blower for admission of hot air into a first conduit which discharges hot air into the inlet of the drum or into a second conduit which discharges hot air into the outlet of the drum. The temperature of hot air which flows into the inlet is regulated in dependency on changes in moisture content of tobacco ahead of the drum, and the temperature of hot air which flows into the outlet is regulated in dependency on changes in moisture content of dried tobacco. A first pipe draws vapors-containing air from the outlet when the drum receives hot air via first conduit, and a second pipe draws vapors-containing air from the inlet when the drum receives hot air from the second conduit.
University of Birmingham Triggering the resolution of immune mediated inflammatory diseases

Leukocyte recruitment is a pivotal process in the regulation and resolution of an inﬂammatory episode. It is vital for the protective responses to microbial infection and tissue damage, but is the unwanted reaction contributing to pathology in many immune mediated inﬂammatory diseases (IMIDs). Indeed, it is now recognized that patients with IMIDs have defects in at least one, if not multiple, check-points regulating the entry and exit of leukocytes from the inﬂamed site. In this review, we will explore our understanding of the imbalance in recruitment that permits the accumulation and persistence of leukocytes in IMIDs. We will highlight old and novel pharmacological tools targeting these processes in an attempt to trigger resolution of the inﬂammatory response. In this context, we will focus on cytokines, chemokines, known pro-resolving lipid mediators and potential novel lipids (e.g., sphingosine-1-phosphate), along with the actions of glucocorticoids mediated by 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 and 2.
A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis of patients’ experiences of assessment and detention under mental health legislation

Understanding patient experiences of detention under mental health legislation is crucial efforts to reform policy and practice. This review aimed to synthesise qualitative evidence on patients’ experiences of assessment and detention under mental health legislation. Five bibliographic databases were searched, supplemented by reference list screening and 21 citation tracking. Studies were included if they reported on patient experiences of assessment 22 or detention under mental health legislation; reported on patients aged 18 years or older; 23 collected data using qualitative methods; and were reported in peer-reviewed journals. Findings were analysed and synthesised using thematic synthesis. related to and involvement in as the impact of detention on feelings of self-worth and emotional state. The emotional impact of detention and views of its appropriateness varied, but a frequent theme was fear and distress during detention, including in relation to the use of force and restraint. Where staff were perceived as striving to form caring and collaborative relationships with patients despite the coercive nature of treatment, and when clear information was delivered, negative 33 impacts of involuntary care seemed to be reduced.
MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF THE PROXIMAL END OF THE RADIUS: ITS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

When survivors of accident cases are identified with gross injuries and fractures, restoration of the functional anatomy is paramount to the orthopedic surgeons. The proximal end of radius articulates with the humerus and ulna to bring about flexion, extension, supination and pronation. In conditions where radial head becomes difficult to reconstruct, radial head prosthesis becomes a treatment option. However, improper sizing poses a challenge on stability and movement. 202 radial bones from cadaver specimens were studied. The Lateromedial diameter of the articular surface (LMDAS), Ventrodorsal diameter of the articular surface (VDDAS), Height of the radial head on its medial side (HM), Radial head height on its lateral side (HL), Thickness of the lateral curve of the proximal articular surface (TLCAS), Thickness of the ventral curve of the proximal articular surface (TVCAS), Thickness of the dorsal curve of the proximal articular surface (TDCAS), Fovea radialis diameter (FRD), Depth of the articular facet (DAF), Circumference of the articular periphery (CAP), Lateromedial diameter of the neck (LMDN), Neck-diaphyseal angle (NDA) and length of radius (LR) were determined. Results showed that the mean values for the radial parameters were; LMDAS (21.41±2.13mm), VDDAS (20.67±2.18mm), HM (11.07±1.49mm), HL (8.45±1.19mm), TVCAS (4.98±0.77mm), TLCAS (4.05±0.69mm), TDCAS (3.48±0.73mm), FRD (12.29±1.66mm), DAF (1.84±0.36mm), CAP (6.95±0.65mm), LMDN (12.11±1.21mm), NDA (169.49±2.79º), LR (259.26±22.25mm). Significant difference was not observed between the left and right radius in all parameters except DAF and HL. The morphometric values as established will be useful to orthopedic surgeons and biomedical engineers in designing radial head prosthesis for Nigerians.
Participatory Evaluation and Demonstration of Sweet Lupin Technologies at Wolmera District, West Shewa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia

The study was conducted at Wolmera district, western Oromia region, Ethiopia. A total of 12 women farmers were selected purposively to implement the activity. Sweet lupin demonstration was conducted to evaluate and crate awareness on sweet lupun technologies, food recipes and to analyze the macro and micronutrient composition of the varieties. The mean grain yield result of this variety was 2300 kg ha -1 with a minimum of 1900 and a maximum of 2800 kg ha -1 , respectively. Sensory evaluation test was made on sweet lupin recipes made in combination with wheat flour, field pea flour and alone using hedonic scaling method. A total of 112 participants out of which 62 were male and 50 were female were involved to taste the food recipe made from sweet lupin. The result of sensory evaluation indicated that the incorporation of 25% of sweet lupin flour (SLF) to the biscuit is more accepted by the panelists than 50% SLF substitution to the biscuit. The acceptability of bread containing 25% SLF was excellent. For Pulse stew 50% SL substitution level for 50% FP flour and 100% SLF alone has no any difference in acceptance among the panelists. The result also revealed that a very good acceptability of 100% SL Roasted and Boiled can also be prepared from sweet lupin. The lab analysis result of macro- and micronutrient composition content of sweet lupin grain as compared to field pea grain showed that mean protein and fat contents of sweet lupin were 31.6% and 8.3%, respectively, while the grain protein and fat contents field pea were 22.32% and 3.6% respectively. Sweet lupin grain has also the highest mineral contents of zinc, iron and calcium whereas, but field pea has higher contents of potassium and sodium. The demonstration of new varieties of sweet lupin with low alkaloid and high protein content has resulted in a renewed interest in utilization of lupin as source of protein for human and livestock nutrition.
Structure of the Bacterial Cellulose Ribbon and Its Assembly-Guiding Cytoskeleton by Electron Cryotomography

Cellulose is a widespread component of bacterial bio ﬁ lms, where its properties of exceptional water retention, high tensile strength, and stiffness prevent dehydration and mechanical disruption of the bio ﬁ lm. Bacteria in the genus Gluconacetobacter secrete crystalline cellulose, with a structure very similar to that found in plant cell walls. How this higher-order structure is produced is poorly understood. We used cryo-electron tomography and focused-ion-beam milling of native bacterial bio ﬁ lms to image cellulose-synthesizing Gluconacetobacter hansenii and Gluconacetobacter xylinus bacteria in a frozen-hydrated, near-native state. We con ﬁ rm previous results suggesting that cellulose crystallization occurs serially following its secretion along one side of the cell, leading to a cellulose ribbon that can reach several micrometers in length and combine with ribbons from other cells to form a robust bio ﬁ lm matrix. We were able to take direct measurements in a near-native state of the cellulose sheets. Our results also reveal a novel cytoskeletal structure, which we have named the cortical belt, adjacent to the inner membrane and underlying the sites where cellulose is seen emerging from the cell. We found that this structure is not present in other cellulose-synthesizing bacterial species, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Escherichia coli 1094, which do not produce organized cellulose ribbons. We therefore propose that the cortical belt holds the cellulose synthase complexes in a line to form higher-order cellulose structures, such as sheets and ribbons. It delivers for the ﬁ rst time high-resolution near-native snapshots of Gluconacetobacter spp. (previously Komagataeibacter spp.) in the process of cellulose ribbon synthesis, in their native bio ﬁ lm environment. It puts forward a noncharacterized cytoskeleton element associated with the side of the cell where the cellulose synthesis occurs. This represents a step forward in the understanding of the cell-guided process of crystalline cellulose synthesis, studied speci ﬁ cally in the Gluconacetobacter genus and still not fully understood. Additionally, our successful attempt to use cryo-focused-ion-beam milling through bio ﬁ lms to image the cells in their native environment will drive the community to use this tool for the morphological characterization of other studied bio ﬁ lms. test). For the OM-to-closest-sheet distances in cells at 20min versus 300min postseparation, n values were 4, 2, 23, and 3 for 20-min tight, 20-min loose, 300-min tight, and 300-min loose con ﬁ gurations, respectively. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn ’ s multiple-comparison test was performed. The values for 20-min tight versus 20-min loose, 300-min tight, and 300-min loose showed adjusted P values of 0.12, . 0.99, and 0.024, respectively. The comparisons of 20-min loose versus 300-min tight
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID AND SATURATED FAT ON BLOOD VESSELS (AORTA) USING ALBINO WISTAR RAT MODEL

This study, designed compare the effects of omega-3 fatty acid and saturated fatty acid (palm oil) on blood vessels (aorta) of albino wistar rats. ABSTRACT Background: Palm oil, an edible vegetable oil extracted from the mesocarp of fruits of oil palms, primarily the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis is a major ingredient in Nigerian meals. Unrefined palm oil is rich in carotenes, saturated fats and tocotrienols (vitamin E) which have rather protective effects on blood vessels. However, the overall health impacts of palm oil, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease, are still controversial. This study was designed to assess the effects of omega-3 fatty acid and saturated fats (palm oil) on blood vessels using albino wistar rat model. Methods: Fifteen albino wistar rats with average weight of 187.5g were divided into three groups of five rats each and allowed to acclimatize while being fed with standard laboratory animal chow and water ad libitum for 2 weeks. For the next six weeks, Group I received 80g of feed mixed with omega-3 fatty acid source (cod liver oil). Group II was fed 80g of feed mixed with saturated fatty acid (palm oil) while Group III, the control group, continued with basal diet only. Total body weights were measured daily throughout the six weeks of experiments. Results: Histological results revealed intact lumen in the two test groups similar to that obtained for the control group. Conclusion: Palm oil consumption has beneficial effects on blood vessels as it is low in cholesterol, raises HDL levels and reduces platelet aggregability. However, there is need to obtain a balance of different fatty acids found in other edible oils and food sources.
Innovative firms in transition economies: what do they have in common

Network provides opportunities for mutual learning and stimulation for the creation of fresh knowledge. However, in transition economies researchers have paid little attention to the ability of network to boost firms' innovative capabilities. Based on 2016 Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey this article has identified the positive impact of network on helping firms overcome institutional obstacles and innovate. Through structural equation model the study concludes that network helps firms to cope with institutional obstacles, especially in non-European countries where governmental framework is fragile and unsupportive towards innovative SMEs.