Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Depression in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (Art)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is a major cause of disability and death, particularly in low and middle income nations (WHO 2008). Depression also is recognized as strong predictor of non- adherence to treatment, high risk behaviour, worse HIV outcomes like immunologic decline, progression to AIDS and AIDS related mortality. Hence we are going to conduct this study which emphasizes an urgent need for HIV care provides to recognize and treat depression among their patients or to refer them to psychiatrists for diagnosis and treatment when necessary. Material and methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in ART Centre Jammu. All the patients attending ART centre over a period of one year from Nov 2017 to Nov 2018 after obtaining the ethical clearance were included. The patients were administered predesigned and validated oral questionnaire CES-D (Centre for epidemiologic studies depression scale) to detect depression. Scale Score of >16 were considered clinically significant. Descriptive statistics were reported as mean (SD) for continuous variables, frequencies (percentage) for categorical variables. Chi-Square at 5% level of significance was used to find statistical significance. Results: Prevalence of depression was 54.5%. Mean age of depression was 39.8 Years. Prevalence of depression was higher in females. Prevalence of depression decreased with the duration of ART (P<0.001). Among depressive patients, majority of patients had possibly major depression episode (23%). Prevalence of depression increased with increase in age as depression was more in elderly patients then young patients (P<0.001). Prevalence of depression was more in patients who were non compliant to ART treatment (71.6%) compared to those who were compliant to ART (40.2%). Conclusion: Routine screening of the more common psychiatric condition among HIV positive subjects should be practiced to optimize patient care and improve clinical outcomes.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of mud flow from a tailing dam failure across complex terrain

Abstract. A tailing dam accident can cause serious ecological disaster and property loss. Simulation of a tailing dam accident in advance is useful for understanding the tailing flow characteristics and assessing the possible extension of the impact area. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was proposed for reasonably and quickly predicting the flow routing and impact area of mud flow from a dam failure across 3-D terrain. The Navier–Stokes equations and the Bingham–Papanastasiou rheology model were employed as the governing equations and the constitutive model, respectively, and solved numerically in the finite volume method (FVM) scheme. The volume-of-fluid (VOF) method was used to track the interface between the tailings and air. The accuracy of the CFD model and the chosen numerical algorithm were validated using an analytical solution of the channel flow problem and a laboratory experiment on the dam-break problem reported in the literature. In each issue, the obtained results were very close to the analytical solutions or experimental values. The proposed approach was then applied to simulate two scenarios of tailing dam failures, one of which was the Feijao tailing dam that failed on 25 January 2019, and the simulated routing coincided well with the in situ investigation. Therefore, the proposed approach does well in simulating the flow phenomenon of tailings after a dam break, and the numerical results can be used for early warning of disasters and emergency response.
Organizing Together: Benefits and Drawbacks of Community-Labor Coalitions for Community Organizations

Community-labor coalitions unite grassroots community organizations and hierarchical labor unions with the promise of increasing the effectiveness of each. Little is known, however, about whether and how community organizations benefit from such partnerships. We analyze survey data from the National Study of Community Organizing Organizations and field data from community-labor coalitions in Chicago to identify benefits and drawbacks for community organizations collaborating with unions. We find that community organizations that have unions as members generate more media attention, possess a broader tactical repertoire, and are more likely to mount state-level advocacy campaigns. Those benefits, however, come at the expense of grassroots mobilizing and result in less neighborhood-level organizing, fewer volunteers, and smaller turnouts at protest actions, all of which are vital to community organizing. Understanding these benefits and drawbacks can help advocates adjust strategy, tactics, and goals to ensure the long-term viability of community-labor coalitions.
Health risks and parasitical quality of water

This article assesses the risks of acute digestive conditions (ADC) in relation to protozoa Giardia and Cryptosporidium conveyed through drinking water within a French general population. It is a part of the Epidemiology and Microbial Risk Assessment study, which combined a daily epidemiological followup among a panel of volunteers whose water was supplied by vulnerable public water systems. These systems were monitored with a microbiological surveillance of the tap water. Parasitical quality of the water was assessed using cartridge and immunofluorescence assays. The relationship between incidence of ADC and waterborne protozoa was modeled using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations analysis. During the study period, 712 cases of ADC occurred. Thirty‐six tap water samples were collected for parasitical quality analysis. of these, 11 tested positive for at least one protozoan, among which 10 complied with bacterial criteria. The final model included concentrations of Giardia cysts and several confounding factors; unfortunately, Cryptosporidium data were too sparse for analysis. Biostatistical modeling showed that Giardia detection was associated with an increased risk of ADC: relative risk (RR) = 1.19 (95% confidence interval = [0.96–1.48]) for 10 to 20 cysts/100 L, and RR = 1.24 [1.06–1.45] for more than 20 cysts/100 L, compared with absence of detectable cysts. These results suggest the role of Giardia in the endemic level of waterborne infectious diseases and raise the question of protozoa surveillance in drinking water, while traditional bacterial surveillance indicators have been shown to be poor predictors of their presence.
Increased Time between Scheduling Date and Appointment Date Results in Increased No-Show Rates in the Academic Urology Practice.

INTRODUCTION No-show appointments can weigh heavily on a urology practice's finances and productivity. Our objective was to investigate if a relationship existed between lag time and no-show appointments at the Columbia University Medical Center department of urology. METHODS We queried adult new patient appointments from July 2017 to July 2018 and excluded rescheduled or cancelled visits. We organized appointments by subspecialty training/practice of the urologist (general urology, voiding dysfunction/female urology, male sexual dysfunction/infertility, urological oncology, endourology and reconstructive urology). We performed logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship between lag time and no-show rate. We did the same for age and gender. We also organized lag time into 4 categories (less than 3 days, 3 to 7 days, 8 to 14 days, more than 14 days) and performed a goodness of fit test for no-show rates. RESULTS A total of 6,060 new patient appointments were scheduled from July 2017 to July 2018. The no-show rate was 14.3% (865 patients). Each daily increase in lag time resulted in a 2% rise in the odds of no-shows for the overall practice (OR 1.02). There were similar results for sexual dysfunction (OR 1.03), general urology (OR 1.02), oncology (OR 1.02) and voiding dysfunction (OR 1.01). There was a positive correlation with increasing lag time category and no-show rates for all subspecialties (R2 >0.80) except reconstructive urology (R2=0.68). Each increase in age resulted in a 2% rise in the odds of no-shows (OR 0.98). CONCLUSIONS Lag time for new patient visits is highly correlated with no-show rates, with a 2% rise in the odds of a no-show with each daily increase in lag time. Increasing age also demonstrated a correlation with no-show rates. Practice interventions to reduce lag time will hopefully reduce no-show rates.
Short communication: Ranging behaviour of Marsh Harriers Circus aeruginosus in agricultural landscapes: Ranging behaviour of Marsh Harriers

Studies of ranging behaviour can provide valuable information on the ecological requirements of a species. They may be an essential tool in designing conservation policies (Sutherland 1998, Tella et al. 1998) as they provide the information needed to predict the consequences of land-use change on species’ habitat use, especially in regions subject to major habitat transformations. In particular, knowledge of the temporal and spatial variation in ranging behaviour is needed to understand space-use patterns over species’ complete annual cycles and over a range of habitats (Blanco et al. 1998, Tella & Forero 2000, Peterjohn 2003). However, this sort of information is available for only a few species, and even then does not usually cover the non-breeding season (Suarez et al. 1997). Marsh Harriers Circus aeruginosus occur within a wide range of open habitats, including agricultural landscapes. After a dramatic population decline during 1960–80, mainly due to drainage of wetlands, contamination and direct persecution, the European population has recovered in recent decades and is currently classified as ‘Secure’ (Cramp & Simmons 1994, BirdLife International 2004). Within the Iberian Peninsula, the increase and spread of the Marsh Harrier population has been noticeable in some agricultural regions, including those dominated by intensified farmlands. This is the case in the Catalan Ebro Basin (Spain), where the breeding population increased from eight breeding pairs in 1997 to 51 in 2008 (Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitage de la Generalitat de Catalunya unpubl. data). However, little is known about the ranging behaviour of the Marsh Harrier in these agricultural areas. The objective of our study was to investigate the ranging behaviour and foraging-area requirements of the Marsh Harrier throughout the complete annual cycle in a representative agricultural area within the Iberian Peninsula.
A comparative study of heterosis in GMS based and conventional intra Arboreum cotton hybrids

A comparative study of heterosis over better parent was carried out during 1995 in GMS based and corresponding conventional hybrids, which were generated by utilising two genetic male sterile lines viz. DS-5 and GAKA-423 and their male fertile counter lines as female parents respectively. The GMS based hybrids exhibited high heterosis over better parent for seed cotton yield and its component characters compared to conventional hybrids. The high yielding GMS based crosses showed simultaneous heterosis for seed cotton yield and its component characters like number of bolls/plant, boll weight and number of seeds/boll. However the GMS based hybrids failed to exhibit heterosis over better parent for ginning out tum except one cross, as against three conventional hybrids. The higher ginning out-tum of conventional hybrids was mainly contributed by their lower seed index values, as large proportion of conventional hybrids exhibited negative heterosis for seed index. Three GMS based hybrids viz., DS-5 x 30802, DS-5xNo.2631 and DS-5 x B-Desh are potential hybrids for exploitation of hybrid vigour ulilizing DS-5 male sterile line.
Willingness to Pay for Conserving Layawan Watershed for Domestic Water Supply in Oroquieta City, Philippines

The sustainability of domestic water supply from the Layawan Watershed in Oroquieta City critically depend onpast and present conservation activities and the availability of funds from stakeholders such as households, communities, non-government organizations, private entities and government agencies. This study determined the willingness to pay (WTP) particularly of households in Oroquieta City to finance conservation projects in Layawan Watershed to ensure the sustainability of domestic water supply. A household survey of randomly selected 278 respondents was conducted using the dichotomous choice referendum format. The Heckman’s two-stage analysis for the parametric estimation of mean WTP yielded the values of PhP 4.00, PhP 6.00 and PhP 7.00 per month for mandatory, voluntary and pooled data sets, respectively. The households are willing to contribute funds for conserving Layawan Watershed as supported by the total WTP of Oroquieta City’s population that ranges from PhP 117,845.00 (from lower bound estimate of PhP 2.00) to PhP 471,380.00 (from upper bound estimate of PhP 8.00) in five years, discounted at 6 %.
Studies on reproduction in prolific ewes

Summary Estimates of the energy contents of the foetuses, placentae, foetal fluids, empty uteri and maternal empty bodies at 88 and at 144 days of pregnancy were obtained from a comparative slaughter experiment on Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn ewes. Over this period the mean daily intakes of metabolizable energy (ME) for ewes with twin, triplet or quadruplet foetuses were 11·2, 12·0 and 12·2 MJ respectively (low plane of feeding) or 14·4, 15·2 and 15·3 MJ (high plane of feeding), total numbers of ewes being 15, 23 and 7 respectively. The diet contained 8·2 MJ of ME and 153 g crude protein per kg dry matter. All six categories of ewe lost energy from maternal empty-body tissues between 88 and 144 days at mean daily rates of 2·7, 4·1 and 4·9 MJ (low plane) and 1·4, 2·7 and 3·6 MJ (high plane), according to litter size. Rates of energy deposition in the gravid uterus were 0·72, 0·93 and 1·07 MJ/day respectively, and were not affected by plane of nutrition. Estimates of heat production from these balance data were confirmed by direct measurements made on about half of the ewes. Estimates of the gross efficiency of utilization for foetal growth of the combined energy from maternal tissue and from ME intake, after allowing for maternal main–tenance, were similar for each litter size but were 0·14 and 0·11 on the low and high planes of feeding respectively. Consideration of these together with other published observations suggested that efficiency of utilization of ME in pregnancy increases linearly with the ME concentration of the diet and at concentrations below 10 MJ/kg dry matter is less than the efficiency of utilization of energy derived from maternal tissue loss.
Phytotoxicity of above - ground weed residue against some crops and weeds

Weed residues mixing with the soil after the death of weeds can inhibit growth and development of crop plants. A study was conducted to assess the allelopathic intrusion of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia above-ground residues on growth of selected crops (Pisum sativum, Cicer arietinum) and weeds (Cassia tora, C. sophera), nature of chemicals involved, role of nutrients and physico-chemical parameters. Growth responses of weeds and crops were analyzed for soil amended with different rates of Nicotiana residue (residue amended soil, RS) and residual extract (residue extract amended soil, RES). Likewise, the growth behaviour of test plants was also evaluated against extract of residue in hydroponics (residue extract, RE). Physiochemical screening of amended soils was conducted to look for concentration and bioavailability of essential nutrients. The soil amended with residues (RS and RES) showed inhibitory effect on test plants, however, residue extract (RE) had more inhibitory effects. The inhibition in growth (root length, shoot length and dry biomass) was concentration dependent and C. tora plants experienced the highest reduction among all test plants. A partial enrichment was observed in nutrient status and phenolic content as we increased the concentration of the soil amendment or the extract. This points out that growth inhibition occurred due to phenolic and not due to nutrient depletion. These findings indicate a role of putative phenolic allelochemicals forced allelopathic effects on C. arietinum, P. sativum, C. tora and C. sophera.
Development of a Web-based Sexual Risk Behavior Prevention Database with the Benefit of 4G LTE by Using Community Participation

Sexual risk behavior seems to be a sensitive issue for participants’ self-report. This community-based participatory research aimed to develop and validate the web-based sexual risk behavior prevention database for adolescents and their parents in a community in the northern Thailand. It emphasized participation of stakeholders in the community. The process of web-based sexual risk behavior prevention database development included five steps: (1) community partnership formation; (2) draft questionnaire development; (3) psychometric validation; (4) system development, and (5) database evaluation. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from March 2015 to March 2016. The findings of this study showed that the sexual risk behavior prevention database was comprised of two parts, including (1) household information which was designed to collect the data regarding household, sexual risk behavior prevention among adolescents, and sexual risk behavior prevention among parents, and (2) data output. Results from implementing the database among adolescents and parents showed that 85% of the adolescents had a boyfriend/ girlfriend and 25% of them engaged in sexual intercourse. For the needs for sexual risk behavior prevention in the community, all of the adolescents and parents suggested providing a campaign to change community member’s attitudes towards sexual risk behavior among adolescents. In addition, most of the participants revealed that the use of the web-based sexual risk behavior prevention database with newly 4G LTE wireless network technology where adaptively enhanced features adapted was comfortable and provided a sense of confidentiality, and the data output was helpful for presenting sexual risk behavior situation in the community.
Knowledge Sharing Platforms: An Empirical Study of the Factors Affecting Continued Use Intention

Under the background of the constant development of sharing economy and constant upgrade of Internet technologies, various knowledge sharing platforms have emerged in recent years. As a new form for sharing economy, knowledge sharing platforms have made great strides, thus, providing new channels of knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and individual knowledge storage for users. Nevertheless, knowledge sharing platforms are still faced with problems, such as uneven product quality (Content quality) and poor user experience. Therefore, how to maintain consumers’ continued use intention without impairing consumer satisfaction has obviously become an issue of great concern on the development path of knowledge sharing platforms. Based on the expectation confirmation theory (ECT) and information system (IS) success model, and integrating major characteristics of knowledge sharing platforms, the conceptual models and hypotheses influencing consumers’ continued use intention of knowledge sharing platforms are built to study primary factors affecting consumers’ continued use intention. Through online and offline questionnaires, 428 copies were collected online, and 150 copies were collected offline, with a total of 578 copies recovered. We deleted some questionnaires with untrue and contradictory answers, because these interviewees might not have carefully read. A questionnaire is conducted with 512 valid copies collected from respondents. At the same time, the structural equation model (SEM) is used to verify and analyze hypotheses. Results show that various variables have a direct or indirect influence on consumers’ continued our intention. Meanwhile, it is observed that perceived usefulness and satisfaction degree have a significant influence on continued use intention of knowledge sharing platforms. The higher the satisfaction degree is, the more likely the consumers will continue using knowledge sharing platforms. The expectation confirmation degree exerts an indirect influence on consumers’ continued use intention of knowledge sharing platforms via perceived usefulness. The IS success model can also significantly influence consumers’ satisfaction degree of knowledge sharing platforms. Additionally, perceived usefulness is observed to have the strongest influence on consumers’ continued use intention of knowledge sharing platforms. According to the above research findings, knowledge sharing platforms should strengthen their content quality control, ensure the consistency between service quality and payment, and improve the platform quality. To sum up, this research can provide theoretical bases for sustainable development and follow-up research of the knowledge sharing platform industry.
Three‐Body Topology Entanglement Generation via a Six‐Wave Mixing: Competing and Coexisting of Linear and Nonlinear Optics Responses in Triphoton Temporal Correlation

Compared with biphotons, the three‐body photons have a more plentiful energy construction. Further, excellent properties such as entangled multiqubit states, high security, flexibility, and information capacity are observed as the increased number of photons is manipulated, in turn increasing the need for a multiple‐body quantum information process. Here, a novel method is proposed to generate natural narrowband three‐body photons of W state, entangled in time (or energy) via a single step of six‐wave mixing process (SWMP). Emphasizing on the linear and nonlinear susceptibilities of the SWMP, the properties of temporal correlation of the generated triphoton in the photon coincidence counting measurements are studied. Based on the photon–atom interfaces, these susceptibilities compete or coexist with each other. Meanwhile, in a dressed‐state picture, the nonlinear susceptibility decides the temporal correlation of the triphoton wave packet as damped multiperiodic Rabi oscillation, suggesting the property of the high‐dimensional time−energy entangled triphoton state. Moreover, combining the topology energy level constructions with the optical responses is a significant method for investigating the peculiarity in the temporal correlation of the generated three‐body photons.
Cultural Avoidance Scale in Foreign Language Learning: Validity and Reliability Study.

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to measure the level of avoidance of foreign language learners towards the target culture. The study group consisted of 500 freshmen at Ataturk University who study in education, science, social and health sciences. In the study, an item pool consisting of 69 questions was prepared as a data collection tool. The face validity of the scale was done with the researchers and 3 specialist academicians teaching foreign languages, the items that were repeated and difficult to understand were eliminated, and some items were changed in terms of language and expression, and a form consisting of 39 questions was reached. After the opinions of experts were taken in line with the content validity, a draft scale of 28 questions was applied to the study group by eliminating 11 items. The data obtained from the study were analyzed by item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods. At the end of the study, it was understood that the Cultural Avoidance Scale in Foreign Language Learning consisting of 28 items was a reliable and valid scale. Article visualizations: