Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Adequacy of Kenya National Examination Councils’ Malpractice Penalties in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Kisii County, Kenya

The purpose of the study was to examine the Adequacy of Kenya National Examination Councils‟ Malpractice Penalties in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Kisii County, Kenya. This study employed ex post facto and survey research design. The target population comprised of 1119 subjects comprising of principals, invigilators and examination officers drawn from 317 public and 46 private secondary schools in Kisii County. A sample of 109 principals, 218 invigilators and 10 examination officials was selected through stratified random sampling to participate in the study. The study utilized questionnaires to collect data. The questionnaires were discussed with research supervisors and other experts to enhance their validity for their use in the study. A pilot study was conducted in eleven public and private secondary schools which is 10% of the sampled schools in Nakuru County. The instruments were tested for reliability and adapted after they scored 0.752 and 0.765 for the Invigilators‟ questionnaire and School Principals‟ questionnaire respectively. The study collected both qualitative and quantitative data. Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used with the help of SPSS to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data was analyzed by use of descriptive analysis, by categorizing results into tables. The findings show that adequacy of KNEC based penalties, level of enforcement of KNEC rules, school governance and regulations by invigilators were critical factors contributing to the high level of examination cheating in Kisii County. The findings show that the current efforts put in place by KNEC to ensure compliance with the set rules and regulations to stop examination cheating in public and private secondary schools in Kisii County are not adequate. Following the findings, the study recommends that KNEC consider mobilizing resources to upscale its measures to check on examination cheating and resources to support use of modern technology to monitor KNEC examinations. The schools‟ management through the Ministry of Education should consider organizing prior assessments to check on compliance levels in respect to the set KNEC rules and regulations.
Proper Diagnosis and Management of Dental Smile Esthetics from Periodontal Perspective: Literature Review

An esthetic smile is a common cosmetic concern in the dental field. Excessive gingival display (EGD), also called gummy smile (GS), is one of the main complaints related to an unsatisfying dental smile; it is said to be present when the gingival display exceeds 4 mm. The dental smile is achieved by a harmonious relationship between the size, shape, arrangement, and color of the anterior teeth; lip framework; and gingival contour. Altered passive eruption (AEP) is characterized by short square-shaped teeth occuring when the gingiva covers the crown of the teeth excessively. Altered passive eruption is one of the causes of GS along with maxillary lip length, bony maxillary excess, hyperactive upper lip, anterior dentoalveolar extrusion, and vertical maxillary excess. There are various options for periodontal management of EGD, such as surgical or laser gingivectomy, esthetic crown lengthening, forced eruption, lip repositioning surgery, use of Botox, or a combination of these. The aim of this paper is to review main etiologies and for proper diagnosis before the clinician can settle on the management. Dental professionals should also outline the principles of an acceptable esthetic smile, which should be the target of each GS correction procedure.
Development of Science Learning Set on the Topic of Changing Objects Around Us

Difficulties in learning science especially in critical thinking skills are characterized by low mastery of concepts, misconceptions, and those related to contextual matters. Specifically developed learning set will be able to increase students' mastery of critical thinking skills. This research development aims to evaluate the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the development of science learning set to develop critical thinking skills of junior high school students. The research subjects were 7 th grade students of Muhammadiyah 3 MTs Al-Furqan Banjarmasin. The validity data of the learning set was obtained through the assessment of 3 experts. Data on the practicality of learning set include evaluating the implementation of lesson plans and students' responses to the small group test. Data about the effectiveness of learning set include: 1) the results of students' critical thinking skills; 2) cognitive assessment results. Data was collected through tests and observations and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the science learning set developed were classified as valid based on the results of the validation, including the design of the learning set, format, material, language, presentation, supporting innovation and improving the quality of teaching and learning activities. Learning devices are also declared practical because they are easy to use by students. This is supported by: 1) The implementation of lesson plans in small group tests scores from the lowest 3.00 to the highest 4.00 in the practical to very practical categories; 2) Students give positive responses to the learning process. The effectiveness of science learning set has also been fulfilled, this is based on the findings of the study: 1) students' critical thinking skills in the field test are at least good categories; and 2) students' cognitive learning outcomes through field tests are in the good category (80 ≤ 100%).
Prevalence of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its association to diabetic retinopathy in a Malaysian tertiary hospital

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes, which is a cause of visual impairment and blindness. Its development and progression have been linked to dyslipidaemia, although the link remains inconclusive. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia among type 2 diabetic patients with DR in a tertiary setting and to determine the association between dyslipidaemia and DR severity. Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study using retrospective data of type 2 diabetic patients attending the opthalmology clinic of a tertiary centre from January 2007 to June 2014. Results of their fasting lipid profile and clinical data were retrieved from the hospital information system. Results: A total of 178 patient’s data were collected. 120 (n=67.4%) patients had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NDPR) with moderate NPDR being the most prevalent. Dyslipidaemia was noted in 151 (84.8%) of the patients. Patients had a combination of more than one abnormality in the lipid profile with increased LDL-cholesterol being the main abnormality. Dyslipidaemia was however, not significantly associated with DR severity. Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia was highly prevalent in DR patients. The dyslipidaemia was however not associated with severity of DR.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Dental Fluorosis among Female School Going Children Aged 12-15 Years in Southern Sub-Population of Saudi Arabia

Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis and the factors associated with dental fluorosis among 12-15 years old female school children in southern sub-population of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A community-based, cross-sectional survey of 486 school children (females), 12-15 years age group in southern subpopulation of Saudi Arabia using. Clinical examinations were performed using the Dean’s index by WHO 2013. A pretested questionnaire was used to gather exploratory data on Demographics, Socioeconomic conditions, Access to dental service and exposure to various sources of fluoride. Bivariate associations were examined using the Chi-square and Chisquare trend tests to evaluate the association of selected risk factors with the presence or absence of dental fluorosis. Samples of water were collected from water sources consumed and analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis in our study sample was 59.05% and the Community Fluorosis Index (CFI) was 0.4. Questionable fluorosis (50.21%) was the commonest fluorosis seen. The principal factor associated with the presence of dental fluorosis was the frequency of tooth brushing and the use of fluoride supplements with a p-value of 0.04060 and 0.0497 respectively. No significant association was seen between dental fluorosis and socioeconomic status or parental education, drinking water and the intake of tea/coffee, consumption of any type of fish. Conclusions: Dental fluorosis is a major public health issue in the southern sub-population of Saudi Arabia. This study showed borderline public health significance with a CFI of 0.4. The principal factor associated with the presence of dental fluorosis in this tested model was the frequency of tooth brushing and the use of fluoride supplements. Active steps/strategies must be taken to educate the community on the correct frequency of tooth brushing during childhood development and the medical practitioners on the correct prescription of fluorides supplements during the stages of tooth development.
Shock Induced Damages on alumina and zirconia hip prostheses

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Shock Induced Damages on alumina and zirconia hip prostheses J. Hausselle, Jean Geringer, M. Dursapt, Bernard Forest
Color atlas of veterinary histology

1. General Principles of Histology. 2. Epithelium. 3. Connective Tissue Proper and Embryonal Connective Tissue. 4. Cartilage. 5. Bone. 6. Blood. 7. Bone Marrow. 8. Muscle. 9. Nervous System. 10. Cardiovascular System. 11. Lymphatic System. 12. Integument. 13. Digestive System. 14. Urinary System. 15. Respiratory System. 16. Endocrine System. 17. Male Reproductive System. 18. Female Reproductive System. 19. The Eye. 20. The Ear. Glossary. Bibliography. Index.
Effects of various tillage practices on the performance of forage maize (Zea mays L.) cutivars

The sufficient amount and nutritious forage on regular basis is the prerequisite for livestock production to fulfill the requirements for milk, butter and other by-products for human consumption. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of various tillage practices on the performance of maize forage viz. Three tillage practices i.e. zero tillage, deep tillage and conventional tillage and four cultivars i.e. Sargodha 2002, Pakafgoi, Sahiwal 2002 and MMRI yellow. Results showed that Pakafgoi enhanced plant height (197.29 cm), stem diameter (1.71 cm), fresh weight (521.06 g), dry weight (104.10 g), grain forage yield (55.18t ha -1 ) and dry matter yield (9.35t ha -1 ). And deep tillage had improved plant height (198.18 cm), stem diameter (1.64 cm), fresh weight (522.45 g), dry weight (100.90 g), grain forage yield (53.69 t ha -1 ) and dry matter yield (8.60 ). Our results showed that cultivar Pakafgoi and deep tillage improved yield and yield components.
Analysis of conjugate mixed convection-conduction heat transfer in a vertical heat generating cylinder immersed in power-law fluids

Conjugate mixed convection-conduction heat transfer from a circular cylinder submerged in power-law fluid has been investigated numerically. The steady two-dimensional conduction equation for the heating cylinder and steady two-dimensional laminar boundary layer equations for the flowing fluid are solved simultaneously using finite difference scheme. The effect of conduction-convection parameter, length to diameter ratio, heat generating, power law viscosity index, Prandtl and Richardson numbers on the temperature distribution in the cylinder and velocity and temperature distributions in the boundary layer are studied. Results showed the axial and radial velocity distributions in the boundary layer and the temperature of the cylinder increase as the heat generating parameter Q, conduction-convection parameter Fi and Richardson number increase. It is also observed that, increasing the Prandtl number decreases the velocity distributions in the boundary layer and on the contrary increases the temperature of the cylinder.
Mediating Literacy Skills Acquisition among Learners with Cerebral Palsy in Schools for the Physically Handicapped in Kenya

Research has shown that learners with cerebral palsy (CP) experience difficulties in acquiring literacy skills. This has adversely affected their academic performance in school. In Kenya, reports from schools have shown that this discrepancy leads to repetition of grades as opposed to their counterparts without cerebral palsy and yet teachers who teach them literacy have been trained in methods of teaching learners with physical disabilities of which CP is a subset. The types of instructional strategies these teachers use are therefore not clear. Several studies conducted have focused on general and specific areas of instruction to learners with CP in an attempt to explain why these learners go through difficulties with school work. However, studies on mediation with regard to instructing learners with CP on literacy acquisition are scanty. This study examines the types of mediated instructional strategies used by teachers in literacy skills acquisition among learners with cerebral palsy in schools for the physically handicapped in Kenya. The study was based on the theory of the zone of proximal development. Descriptive survey and correlation study designs were used. Saturated sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 65 teachers from a population of 72 teachers from five out of seven schools for the physically handicapped in Kenya. Data was collected by the use of questionnaires. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlational analysis. The study revealed that the most commonly used mediated instructional strategies were the individualized adaptations, 47(72.3%); artefacts, 46(70.8%) and 45(69.2%) teachers used peer support, while 9 (13.8%) teachers used scaffolding. However, it was not clear how the teachers used these strategies to teach literacy acquisition to learners with CP. Analysis on how they use these instructional strategies in teaching literacy skills to learners with CP could help unravel the reasons behind lack of literacy skills among this category of learners.
Parasitic angiosperms: How often and how many?

Angiosperms that morphologically and physiologically attach to other flowering plants by means of a haustorium have evolved 12 times independently resulting in 292 genera and ca. 4750 species. Although hemiparasites predominate, holoparasitism has evolved in all but two clades, Cassytha (Lauraceae) and Krameria (Krameriaceae). Santalales contains the largest number of genera (179) and species (2428) among the 12 parasitic plant lineages whereas Orobanchaceae is the largest single family with 102 genera and over 2100 species. This review presents the current state of knowledge on the molecular phylogenetic relationships among all clades of parasitic angiosperms. These methods have been particularly important in revealing the closest non-parasitic relatives of holoparasites, plants that exhibit reduced morphologies, increased substitution rates, and frequent horizontal gene transfers, all of which confound phylogenetics. Although comprehensive molecular phylogenies are still lacking for many of the large genera, nearly complete generic level sampling exists, thus allowing unprecedented understanding of the evolutionary relationships within and among these fascinating plants.
Efficacy of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination and Antibody Response to Reactivation Dose Among Adult Non-Responders to Primary Hepatitis B Vaccination in Chronic Hepatitis C Egyptian Patients

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acute HBV infection in patients with chronic HCV-related liver disease is associated with a severe and often fulminant course of the disease. Additionally, HCV patients may be at a higher than an average risk of acquiring hepatitis B because of the similar routes of transmission of both viruses. HBV infection can be prevented by the administration of a safe and immunogenic vaccine. Insufficient immune response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus is frequently encountered and anti-HBs levels may persist for a shorter time than among immune competent persons. The purpose of present study was to determine long-term persistence of anti-HBs among Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. It also assesses the need and response to a subsequent challenge with vaccine booster doses. METHODS: 200 individuals were enrolled; (GI) 100 patients suffered from chronic HCV infection and 100 healthy individuals as a control (GII). Both groups were matched in regard to age and sex. Each individual received a standard 3-dose series of HBV vaccine; 20µg recombinant DNA vaccine of HBV(Euvax-B LG Life science, Korea) administered by IM injection into deltoid muscle at 0, 1, 6 months interval. HBs antibody titer was measured after 4 weeks. Suboptimal or Non-responders (anti-HBs titer < 10 IU/L) received a booster dose and reevaluated after 4 weeks; Suboptimal response of group I (42 patients) divided into 2 subgroups: GIa (21 patients), which received 40 µg(double dose) recombinant HBV vaccine and GIb (21 patients), received standard adult dose 20 µg HBV vaccine. 11 individuals with suboptimal response of G II received standard adult dose 20 µg HBV vaccine too. CONCLUSION: Chronic HCV patients showed lower response rate for standard doses of HBV vaccine especially with advancing age, diabetes and hypoalbuminemia. A double booster dose (40 μg) vaccine would be recommended for them which are better than revaccination with the standard 3 doses recombinant HBV vaccine.
ANTIBIOTICS FOR CAUSATIVE MICROORGANISMS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

Background: Urinary tract infection is a common bacterial disease in children which may cause chronic renal failure and hypertention. Many reports suggest that the rate of antibiotic resistance to infectious organisms is increasing. Therefore periodic surveillance of resistance rates is needed to ensure that appropriate recommendations can be made for better management & preventing of late sequelae. Methods In this cross sectional descriptive study we investigate the results of urinalysis, urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated organisms in the urine of 1556 children aged under 10 years in Mashhad city between April 2001 and June 2002. Described parameters are age, sex, incidence of significant bacteriuria, leucocyturia, causative bacterial agents, and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Findings: The most common age group in both sexes was infantile period. Median age was 20.3 months in boys and 47.5 months in girls. E.coli, klebsiella and proteus were the causative organisms in 87.3%. They were sensitive to cefotaxime, cefixime, cephalotin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and gentamicin in more than 96% while resistant to trimetoprim-sultamethoxazol in about 75%. Conclusion: We recommend, with regard to continuous changing in causative microorganisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infection and antibiotic sensitivity pattern, as a guideline for physicians, to determine bacterial sensitivity in populations yearly.
Real-World Outcomes Associated with a Digital Self-Care Behavioral Health Platform

Krista Schladweiler1*, Abigail Hirsch2, Ed Jones3, and Luke B. Snow4 1Vice President, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, myStrength Inc., 1875 Lawrence Street, Suite 550, Denver, CO 80202 USA 2Chief Clinical Officer, myStrength, Inc., 1875 Lawrence Street, Suite 550, Denver, CO 80202 USA 3Vice President, Strategic Planning, myStrength, Inc., 1875 Lawrence Street, Suite 550, Denver, CO 80202 USA 4Business Intelligence Developer, myStrength, Inc., 1875 Lawrence Street, Suite 550, Denver, CO 80202 USA
Biodiversity Loss and Stochastic Technological Processes: a Sustainable Growth Analysis

This paper aims to show how a continuous effort in R&D activities can relax the availability constraint of renewable resources simultaneously affected by harvesting and pollution degradation. We also study the possibility for the economy to reach an expected sustainable growth path if the impatience of society is balanced by the positive effects of three different types of new innovations. The necessary condition of sustainability requires the social discount rate to be small enough compared to the marginal probability of innovation.1 JEL Codes: C61, O13, Q56
Mixed Dentition Space Analysis in Adolescents of Lahore, Pakistan

Mixed dentition space analysis is very important in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The present study evaluated prediction methods for the estimation of size of unerupted canine & premolars, and observed any sexual dimorphism in tooth size in a local population. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 boys and 192 girls aged 13-15 years who met the inclusion /exclusion criteria from schools of Lahore, Pakistan. Dental impressions of both arches were made and mesiodistal widths of teeth were measured with digital vernier caliper. Students t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and simple linear regression analysis was used to statistically compare tooth size differences in arches, among genders and predict maxillary and mandibular canine and premolars width based on sum of four mandibular incisors; sum of mandibular incisors and first molar; and sum of mandibular incisors and maxillary first molar. New regression equation was formulated for each arch and sex separately based on sum of mandibular incisors and maxillary first molar. Sum of maxillary first molar and mandibular incisors showed high correlation and determination coefficient in prediction of size of unerupted canine and premolars in the study population. Significant gender difference was found in tooth size in this sample. Sum of mandibular incisors and maxillary first molar is the better predictor for estimation of size of unerupted canine and premolars in our study population. Proposed prediction equations showed good accuracy, easy application and can be used in orthodontic treatment planning in local population.
Board Structure, Performance and Organizational Structure: The Case of Bank Holding Companies

The subprime crisis highlights how little we know about the governance of banks. This paper addresses a long-standing gap in the literature by analyzing board governance using a sample of banking firm data that spans 40 years. We examine both the relation between board structure (size and composition) and bank performance, as well as some determinants of board structure. We document that M&A activity influences bank board composition. We also provide new evidence that organizational structure is significantly related to bank board size. We argue that these factors may explain why we do not find that banking firms with larger boards underperform their peers in terms of Tobin’s Q. Our findings suggest caution in applying regulations motivated by research on the governance of non-financial firms to banking firms. Since organizational structure is not specific to banks, our results suggest that it may also be an important determinant for the boards of non-financial firms with complex organizational structures, such as business groups. JEL classification: G34; G21; J41; L22