Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deterministic Completion of Rectangular Matrices Using Asymmetric Ramanujan Graphs: Exact and Stable Recovery

In this paper we study the matrix completion problem: Suppose <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X \in {\mathbb {R}}^{n_r \times n_c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is unknown except for a known upper bound <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$</tex-math></inline-formula> on its rank. By measuring a small number <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m \ll n_r n_c$</tex-math></inline-formula> of elements of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$</tex-math></inline-formula>, is it possible to recover <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$</tex-math></inline-formula> exactly with noise-free measurements, or approximately with noisy measurements? Existing solutions to these problems involve sampling the elements uniformly and at random. In this paper, we present a deterministic sampling method for matrix completion, based on choosing the sampling set as the edge set of an asymmetric Ramanujan bigraph, and derive sufficient conditions under which the unknown matrix is completed exactly with noise-free measurements, and is approximately completed with noisy measurements. To study how close they are to being necessary, we conducted numerical simulations on randomly generated low rank matrices, using the LPS families of Ramanujan graphs. These simulations demonstrate two facts: (i) In order to achieve exact completion, it appears sufficient to choose the degree <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$</tex-math></inline-formula> of the Ramanujan graph to be <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\geq 3r$</tex-math></inline-formula>. (ii) There is a “phase transition,” whereby the likelihood of success suddenly drops from 100% to 0% if the rank is increased by just one or two beyond a critical value. The phase transition phenomenon is well-known and well-studied in vector recovery using <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _1$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm minimization. However, it is less studied in matrix completion and nuclear norm minimization, and not much understood.
Amino Acid Digestibility and Energy Value of Yellow-seeded Rapeseed Meal in Broiler Chicken Performance

Abstract Saki, A.A. , Mahmoudi, H. , Tabatabaei, M.M. and Ahmadi, A. 2008. Amino acid digestibility and energy value of yellow-seeded rapeseed meal in broiler chicken performance. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 21–24. To determine the nutritive value of yellow-seeded rapeseed meal (YRSM), this protein source and soybean meal (SBM) were fed to 16 mature cockerels to determine nitrogen-corrected true metabolisable energy (TMEn) and amino acid digestibilities. TMEn of YRSM was 0.51 MJ/kg lower than SBM. Average amino acid digestibilities (14 Amino acids) were 89.47 and 84.90% for SBM and YRSM, respectively. Three hundred and four ten-day-old unsexed Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four treatments with four replications per treatment and 19 birds per replication (pen). A diet based on corn-soybean meal was used as control and in other three treatments SBM was replaced with graded levels of YRSM at 150, 225 and 300 g/kg of diet. Feed intake, weight gain, feed to gain ratio and carcass characteristics of birds fed 300 g/kg YRSM were inferior to that of birds of other treatments. It was concluded that up to 225 g/kg YRSM can be incorporated in the broiler diet without any adverse effect.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF BRACHIARIA SPP . TO FLOODING

The physiological and morphological responses of the forage grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, B. decumbens and B. humidicola were compared for plants grown in pots under flooding and well-drained conditions for 14 days. Flooding reduced specific leaf area and biomass allocation to roots in all species and enhanced leaf senescence in B. brizantha and B. decumbens. Relative growth rate was reduced by flooding in B. brizantha and B. decumbens, but not in B. humidicola. Leaf elongation rate was unaffected by flooding in B. decumbens and B. humidicola, but declined in B. brizantha since the first day of flooding. Net photosynthesis and leaf chlorophyll content were reduced by flooding in B. brizantha; however, no flooding effect could be detected in the other two species. For all species, there was a close relationship between net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance under flooding. These results show that the studied species have distinct degrees of tolerance to flood, B. brizantha is intolerant, B. decumbens is moderately tolerant and B. humidicola is tolerant. Because leaf elongation rate was immediately depressed by flooding only in B. brizantha, this measurement could be appropriate as an early detection mechanism for relative flood tolerance in Brachiaria spp.
Nickel and zinc hyperaccumulation by Alyssum murale and Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae) do not enhance survival and whole-plant growth under drought stress

Nickel and Zn hyperaccumulation by Alyssum murale and Thlaspi caerulescens bear substantial energetic costs and should confer benefits to the plant. This research determined whether metal hyperaccumulation can increase osmotic adjustment and resistance to water stress (drought). Alyssum murale and Thlaspi caerulescens treated with low or high concentrations of Ni or Zn were exposed to moderate (−0·4 MPa) and severe (−1·0 MPa) water stresses using aqueous polyethylene glycol. In the absence of metals both water deficits inhibited shoot growth. Nickel and Zn hyperaccumulation did not ameliorate growth inhibition by either level of water stress. The water stress did not induce major changes in shoot metal concentrations of these constitutive hyperaccumulators. Moreover, metal hyperaccumulation had minimal effects on the osmolality of leaf-sap extracts, relative water content of the shoots, or rate of evapotranspiration. It is concluded that Ni or Zn hyperaccumulation does not augment whole-plant capacity for drought resistance in A. murale and T. caerulescens.
Effect of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush on carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition of dressed carcass fat in fattening Holstein steers fed with high-concentrate diets

This experiment was undertaken to examine the effect of dosing of a mechanical stimulating brush (RF) in the rumen on dressed carcass characteristics and on the fatty acid composition of dressed carcass fat in fattening beef cattle. The fattening trial was carried out with high-concentrate diets (organic cell wall contents: 27.5% on a dry mater basis) in eight Holstein steers (12 months of age). Four of the experimental animals were orally dosed with three RF/head (RF group); the other four animals without RF dosing were allotted as the control group. Grass hay was fed to the animals (0.2 kg/head/day) until 19 months of age. Concentrate diet was given ad libitum during the experiment. There were no statistical differences between the RF group and the control group in yield score and meat quality score of dressed carcass characteristics. Regarding fatty acid composition of dressed carcass fat, the proportion of C18 : 2 fatty acids in subcutaneous fat in the RF group was greater (P < 0.05) than that in the control group. C16 : 0 fatty acids in kidney fat in the RF group was lower (P < 0.05), and C18 : 2 fatty acids and total unsaturated fatty acids of 18 carbon number in kidney fat in the RF group were higher (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The proportion of C18 : 2 fatty acids in rib eye fat in the RF group was greater (P < 0.05) than that in the control group. C18 : 1 fatty acids, C18 : 2 fatty acids and total unsaturated fatty acids of 18 carbon number in rib fat in the RF group were greater (P < 0.05) than those in the control group. The results suggest that in fattening Holstein steers fed with high-concentrate diets, the effect of ruminal RF dosing on dressed carcass characteristics is not significant, but the proportion of unsaturated fatty acid of carcass fat is increased.
Molecular beam homoepitaxy on bulk AlN enabled by aluminum-assisted surface cleaning

We compare the effectiveness of in situ thermal cleaning with that of Al-assisted cleaning of native surface oxides of bulk AlN for homoepitaxial growth by molecular beam epitaxy. Thermal deoxidation performed at 1450 ° C in vacuum results in voids in the AlN substrate. On the other hand, Al-assisted deoxidation at ≈ 900 ° C results in high-quality AlN homoepitaxy, evidenced by clean and wide atomic terraces on the surface and no extended defects at the growth interface. This study shows that Al-assisted in situ deoxidation is effective in removing native oxides on AlN, providing a clean surface to enable homoepitaxial growth of AlN and its heterostructures; furthermore, it is more attractive over thermal deoxidation, which needs to be conducted at much higher temperatures due to the strong bonding strength of native oxides on AlN.
Recovery of Salmonella typhimurium from compost with the IMS-PCR method

In this work a procedure was optimized to recover Salmonella typhimurium from a vegetable compost after its artificial contamination. A combination of a bacteriological method, immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques allowed a reduction in the detection time to 30 h while maintaining high specificity. The lower threshold of direct amplification from extracts of contaminated compost was 108 salmonellae g-1. To improve the sensitivity, a combination of shortened pre-enrichment and enrichment procedures was optimized and the growth of S. typhimurium evaluated. Immunomagnetic separation using anti-Salmonella Dynabeads™ permitted the recovery of 30 salmonellae per 50 g of compost, the same value obtained with the traditional microbial method, which takes two days longer. Alternative purification methods to reduce organic compound inhibition of the PCR reaction mixture did not improve Salmonella detection under a threshold of 105 salmonellae g-1.
A general model of detectability using species traits

Imperfect detectability is a critical source of variation that limits ecological progress and frustrates effective conservation management. Available modelling methods provide valuable detectability estimates, but these are typically species‐specific. We present a novel application of time‐to‐detection modelling in which detectability of multiple species is a function of plant traits and observer characteristics. The model is demonstrated for plants in a temperate grassland community in south‐eastern Australia. We demonstrate that detectability can be estimated using observer experience, species population size and likelihood of flowering. The inclusion of flower colour and species distinctiveness improves the capacity of the model to predict detection rates for new species. We demonstrate the application of the general model to plants in a temperate grassland community, but this modelling method may be extended to other communities or taxa for which time‐to‐detection models are appropriate. Detectability is influenced by traits of the species and the observer. General models can be used to derive detectability estimates where repeat survey data, point counts or mark‐recapture data are not available. As these data are almost always absent for species of conservation concern, general models such as ours will be useful for informing minimum survey requirements for monitoring and impact assessment, without the delays and costs associated with data collection.
Distinct Risk Profiles in Social Anxiety Disorder

Using a factor mixture model (FMM) approach, we examined whether social anxiety disorder (SAD) could be subtyped by distinct risk profiles and whether these subtypes predicted different manifestations of the disorder. We derived risk profiles from neurotic temperament (NT), positive temperament (PT), and autonomic arousability (AA), which are hypothesized to be important in the maintenance of anxiety disorders such as SAD. In our sample of 758 SAD outpatients, a two-class FMM solution fit the data best. Class 1 was characterized by very low PT, whereas PT in Class 2 was substantially higher. The two classes differed to a lesser extent on NT but were virtually equivalent on AA. Class 1 had significantly more men and individuals with depressive disorders, generalized SAD, and higher SAD severity. Class 2 had more individuals with performance subtype SAD. These findings provide initial support for distinct risk profiles within SAD that may be predictive of its clinical expression.
Anatomia e desenvolvimento ontogenético de Coffea arabica L. var. typica Cramer

O presente estudo anatomico de Coffea arabica L. var. typica Cramer tem por finalidade fornecer informacoes basicas necessarias ao estudo da anatomia comparada das principais especies e variedades de cafeeiros, cultivadas no Estado de Sao Paulo. Nesta primeira contribuicao o autor realiza o estudo anatomico detalhado dos orgaos vegetativos e reprodutivos da variedade typica, nao se limitando apenas a anatomia descritiva dos diversos orgaos, mas tambem, sempre que possivel, discutindo o desenvolvimento ontogenetico das diversas partes do cafeeiro. No estudo da raiz e do caule procurou-se estabelecer a duracao do desenvolvimento primario, assinalando o local de aparecimento, primeiramente do câmbio vascular e, posteriormente, do felogeno ou câmbio suberoso. Na discussao da anatonia das folhas mereceu especial atencao o estudo das domacias, sua morfologia e possivel funcao. As flores sao estudadas detalhadamente nos seus diversos elementos. Nos capitulos referentes a anatomia do fruto e da semente, alem do estudo puramente descritivo das suas estruturas sao ainda discutidas as diversas modificacoes verificadas durante o desenvolvimento do ovario e dos ovulos, respectivamente em fruto e sementes.
Biosynthesis of Inositol by an Enzyme System in the Rice Seeds

Sir: There are many reported" on the biosyn thesis of inositol by an inact living cell. But reports on the biosynthesis by cell-free solu tion are scarce. Eisenberg and Bolden2) ob served biosynthesis of inositol from glucose by rat testis homogenate. Chen and Char alampous3) observed that inositol was synthe sized from glucose and glucose-6-phosphate by yeast enzyme solution. In rice grains, the formation of inositol and inositol phosphate is not clear. The present paper describes a soluble enzyme system from rice seeds which catalyzes biosynthesis of inositol from glucose-6-phosphate. Rice plants were cultured in the experi mental field of the Niigata Agriculture In stitute at Kameda in 1965. Rice grains of Koshijiwase variety were used in these studies. The plants flowered during the period from 10th to 17th of August were harvested on 22nd of August. One kg of unhulled rice grains in milky stage was crushed in a stone mortar. The cell-free extract was prepared by suspending the washed grains in 0.02 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, containing 5 x 10 M of glutathione, and by pressing them in an oil
Sleep quality among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a private hospital setting in Yangon, Myanmar

This study aimed to assess the sleep quality and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a private hospital in Yangon, Myanmar. ,A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 289 T2DM patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. An English version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was translated into Myanmar and used for assessing sleep quality. ,Approximately 48.4% of T2DM patients had poor sleep quality (PSQI score > 5). The mean ± SD of the PSQI global score was 5.97 ± 3.45. About 36.0% of participants reported the presence of diabetes complications, and 14.9% used sleep medication. About 27.7% had depression and 8.3% had poor family relationships. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of complications (AOR = 1.86; 95%CI; 1.04–3.35), poor family relationships (AOR = 5.09; 95%CI; 1.55–16.68) and depression (AOR = 7.52; 95%CI; 3.83–14.76) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. ,The prevalence of poor sleep quality is rather high among T2DM patients. Healthcare personnel and hospital administrators should focus on the complication status, family relationships and depression status of T2DM patients by providing regular screening for sleep quality and depression and by providing a program of sleep health education and counselling at diabetic clinics
Violence, Sexuality and Youth Linguistic Behaviour: An Exploration of Contemporary Nigerian Youth Music

Most linguistic studies on Nigerian hip hop (NHH) are textual in orientation, focusing on language use in lyrics. However, the social manifestations of the genre have mainly been discussed from the sociological perspective, ignoring the linguistic influences on the youthful audience. With a focus on violence and sexuality, the present study combines qualitative and quantitative research methods in fulfilling its objectives. This involves the analysis of the linguistic presentation of violence and sexuality in 20 selected lyrics. In addition, a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions administered to students from a Nigerian university supplement the examination of the interactivity of Nigerian hip hop on communicative practices. Sexual and violent slang, expressions, and their graphic representations are rife in NHH and are also reflected in students’ communicative practises. While the relationship between NHH and youth linguistic behaviour may not be causal—revealing instead the democratisation of expressions within the Nigerian environment—it is observed that NHH is still influential in the linguistic expression of sexuality and violence among Nigerian university students.
Immunocytochemistry of the mucilage cells of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (Araucariaceae)

The use of monoclonal antibodies for specific pectic epitopes is an important tool in the study of the cell wall. Throughout the development of mucilage cells of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, a gradient of distribution was observed in relation to the pectic de-esterification, as well as to the increase of galactan and arabinan epitope distribution, and to the reduction of arabinogalactans proteins (AGPs) epitope at maturity. AGP and methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (HGA) were present in the mucilage. Galactans and arabinans were also observed in the mucilage, though with weak labelling. Degradation of AGP in the maturity of mucilage cells, in cell wall, as well as in the secretion, could be involved in the programmed cell death (PCD). Different labellings found among parenchyma and mucilage cells suggested differences in the cell wall properties of the mucilage cells.
Lethal concentrations of suspended solids for common native fish species that are rare in New Zealand rivers with high suspended solids loads

Abstract Common native fish species that are rare in New Zealand rivers with high suspended solids (SS) concentrations were identified to determine which species were likely to be most affected by high SS concentrations. Mortality rates for the three most sensitive species (banded kokopu Galaxias fasciatus, redfin bully Gobiomorphus huttoni, common smelt Retropinna retropinnd) were measured over a range of SS concentrations to identify lethal concentrations. The survival of banded kokopu and redfin bully was not reduced by SS concentrations up to 43 000 g m−3; however, the 24‐h survival of common smelt was reduced by SS concentrations over 1000 g m−3, and its median lethal concentration (LC50) was close to 3000 g m−3. SS concentrations over 3000 g m−3 for more than 24 h will therefore reduce smelt but not affect the mortality of most other common native fish species. Although mortality from high concentrations of SS can account for the scarcity of smelt in rivers with high SS concentrations, mortality from high SS does not explain the scarcity of banded kokopu or redfin bully in such rivers. High turbidity (>20 nephelometric turbidity units) is known to limit the upstream migration and recruitment of juvenile banded kokopu in rivers with increased SS concentrations. Banded kokopu is therefore affected by increased turbidity from SS rather than lethal SS concentrations. As redfin bully were not affected by either high turbidity levels or high SS concentrations, the low abundance of this species in rivers with high SS concentrations is likely to be related to the siltation of benthic habitats.
Longitudinal gradients in the phylogenetic community structure of European Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) do not coincide with the major routes of postglacial colonization

Species specifi c colonization abilities and biotic and abiotic fi lters infl uence the local and regional faunal composition along colonization trajectories. Using a recent compilation of the occurrences of 1373 darkling beetle (Tenebrionidae) species and subspecies in 49 European countries and major islands, we reconstructed the tenebrionid postglacial colonization of middle and northern Europe from southern European glacial refuges and linked species composition to latitudinal and longitudinal gradients in phylogenetic relatedness across Europe. Th e majority of European islands and mainland countries appeared to be phylogenetically clustered. We did not fi nd signifi cant latitudinal trends in average phylogenetic relatedness of regional faunas along the supposed postglacial colonization routes but detected a strong positive correlation between mean relatedness and longitude of mainland faunas and an opposite negative correlation for island faunas. Th e strength of phylogenetic relatedness in the regional tenebrionid faunas decreased signifi cantly with latitude and to a lesser degree with longitude. Th ese fi ndings are in accordance with two trajectories of postglacial colonization from centres in Spain and middle Asia that caused a strong longitudinal trend in the phylogenetic relatedness. Subsequent pair-wise analyses of species co-occurrences showed that species of similar distributional ranges tend to be phylogenetically clustered and species of diff erent spatial distribution to be phylogenetically segregated. Both fi ndings are in accordance with the concept of ‘ range size heritability ’ . Our study demonstrates that taxonomic data are suffi ciently powerful to infer continental wide patterns in phylogenetic relatedness that can be linked to colonization history and geographic information.
Marine reserves in fisheries management

This paper summarizes research on the uses of marine reserves for fisheries management. Examples emphasize temperate marine reserves. Marine reserves commonly support higher densities and larger sizes of heavily fished species than are found outside reserves. ‘Spillover’ of individuals across reserve borders is likely to augment local catches. There are good reasons to expect such spillover, and there is limited direct evidence for it. However, the magnitude of any resulting increase in local catches will be difficult to predict. ‘Larval export’ from reserves has potential to augment recruitment over large regions, but its success will depend upon many factors that are difficult to predict. No studies have clearly tested the effects of larval export. To design more effective marine reserves, studies are needed of the movement patterns and habitat requirements of all life stages (larval, settlement, juvenile, adult, feeding, and breeding) of targeted species. To determine clearly the effects of marine reserves on fisheries requires replicated before/after studies.