Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FLUID-SOLID COUPLING AND EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION OF A PIEZOELECTRIC ATOMIZER UNDER STANDING-WAVE RESONANCE

This article introduces the design and analysis of a piezoelectric atomizer based on the principles of standingwave resonance and a pressure-swirl nozzle. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate that the developed piezoelectric atomizer can produce uniformly sized liquid droplets. The atomizer uses piezoelectric composite plates to acquire a large displacement from the vibration of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) ceramic and to exert excess pressure on the liquid using standingwave resonance. The three-dimensional dynamic characteristics of the piezoelectric composite plates, considering the effect of the fluid-solid interface, are determined. An analysis of the fluid-solid coupling between the fluid in the resonance chamber and the vibration of the piezoelectric composite plates is conducted. The Sauter mean diameter (SMD) values of the ejected droplets and the flow rate of the piezoelectric atomizer are measured experimentally as different driving voltages. The experimental results demonstrate that the atomizer is capable of generating droplets with an SMD of 93.5 μm at a flow rate of 18.4 g/s. Relatively uniform droplets are formed below the ligaments, where the cone swirl sheet is fully developed. The piezoelectric atomizer has the potential for use in industrial and agricultural applications.
CS-ARF: Compressed Adaptive Random Forests for Evolving Data Stream Classification

Ensemble-based methods are one of the most often used methods in the classification task that have been adapted to the stream setting because of their high learning performance achievement. For instance, Adaptive Random Forests (ARF) is a recent ensemble method for evolving data streams that proved to be of a good predictive performance but, as all ensemble methods, it suffers from a severe drawback related to the high computational demand which prevents it from being efficient and further exacerbates with high-dimensional data. In this context, the application of a dimensionality reduction technique is crucial while processing the Internet of Things (IoT) data stream with ultrahigh dimensionality. In this paper, we aim to alleviate this deficiency and improve ARF performance, so we introduce the CS-ARF approach that uses Compressed Sensing (CS) as an internal pre-processing task, to reduce the dimensionality of data before starting the learning process, that will potentially lead to a meaningful improvement in memory usage. Experiments on various datasets show the high classification performance of our CS-ARF approach compared against current state-of-the-art methods while reducing resource usage.
Measurement of the lifetime of the B + c meson using the B + c → J / ψπ + decay mode

The difference in total widths between the B + c and B + mesons is measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 . 0 fb − 1 collected by the LHCb experiment in 7 and 8 TeV centre-of-mass energy proton–proton collisions at the LHC. Through the study of the time evolution of B + c → J / ψπ + and B + → J / ψ K + decays, the width difference is measured to be , where the ﬁrst uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The known lifetime of the B + meson is used to convert this to a precise measurement of the B + c lifetime, τ B + c 513 ± . 0 ± 5 . 7 fs , where the ﬁrst uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The Authors. This is an open access under the (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP 3 .
Perception of Bottlenecks in the Implementation of the European Water Framework Directive

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) entered into force in December 2000; it marks a decisive turn in European water governance and related policies, management practices and restoration trends. After 20 years of implementation through two management cycles, EU member states have transposed the WFD requirements into national law, performed baseline assessments of water bodies, and implemented first measures such as hydromorphological river restoration which aims to achieve 'good ecological status', or at least the potential level targeted for that particular water body, by 2027. So far, however, WFD implementation has shown limited Water Alternatives – 2020 Volume 13 | Issue 3 Zingraff-Hamed et al.: Perception of bottlenecks in the implementation of the WFD 459 success; this weak result has given rise to studies, which are mainly discussions about possible technical limitations of WFD implementation and the appropriateness of monitoring procedures. This paper complements these studies by exploring governance-related bottlenecks that have emerged in the last two decades, as perceived by scientists and practitioners. An online survey was conducted which built on a list of 24 barriers to WFD implementation; these barriers had been identified previously by more than 40 researchers during a workshop in January 2019 and through a literature review. In this survey, the list of perceived barriers to WFD implementation was shared to 130 scientists and practitioners, who were asked to prioritise the items on list. Taken together, four main barriers to WFD implementation were identified: 1) problems related to horizontal intersectoral communication, 2) insufficient land reserves, 3) insufficient staff capacities, and 4) inadequate funding. The results of the analysis of WFD implementation indicated a bottleneck at the governance level that was due to insufficient horizontal collaboration and communication. This result is not in line with previous surveys that identified policy integration as the main bottleneck. We conclude from this that the governance dimension of WFD implementation merits more attention in terms of both research and political consultation in order to identify the needs for action that are key to improved WFD implementation.
Vowel Sound Imagery Decoding by a Capsule Network for the Design of an Automatic Mind-Driven Type-Writer

This paper intends to develop a novel methodology for modeling a mind-controlled type-writer system to cater the needs of individuals suffering from various communication related disorders. This objective is fulfilled by first capturing EEG signals from ten subjects involved in mental utterance of seven vowel sounds. The eLORETA analysis of the acquired signals confirms the involvement of occipital, parietal and prefrontal lobes for this cognitive activity. The procured signals undergo the process of feature extraction after eradication of artifacts and are transferred to a novel capsule network module for categorization of seven class labels. Performance analysis undertaken confirms the superlative behavior of the proposed classifier with respect to other standard ones. Moreover, statistical evaluation also assures the superior performance of the proposed classifier model. A coding scheme has also been proposed to signify the consonants by the coalescence of two vowel sounds segregated by a space. Thus, the proposed methodology can be effectively utilized as a mind controlled type writing system to serve the needs of disabled individuals. Additionally, this technique can also be used in certain military scenarios that demand non-verbal communication as a secure option and in various BCI based gaming applications.
Effects of Degradable Protein and Non-Fibre Carbohydrates on Microbial Growth and Fermentation in the Rumen Simulating Fermenter (Rusitec)

A rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) apparatus with eight 800 ml fermentation vessels was used to investigate the effects of rumen degradable protein (RDP) level and non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) type on ruminal fermentation, microbial growth, and populations of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. Treatments consisted of two NFC types (starch and pectin) supplemented with 0 g/d (low RDP) or 1.56 g/d (high RDP) sodium caseinate. Apparent disappearance of dry matter and organic matter was greater for pectin than for starch treatment (P<0.01) with low or high RDP. A NFC × RDP interaction was observed for neutral detergent fibre disappearance (P=0.01), which was lower for pectin than for starch only under low RDP conditions. Compared with starch, pectin treatment increased the copy numbers of Ruminococcus albus (P≤0.01) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (P≤0.09), the molar proportion of acetate (P<0.01), the acetate:propionate ratio (P<0.01), and methane production (P<0.01), but reduced the propionate proportion (P<0.01). Increasing dietary RDP increased the production of total VFA (P=0.01), methane (P<0.01), ammonia N (P<0.01), and microbial N (P<0.01). Significant NFC × RDP interaction and interaction tendency were observed for ammonia N production (P=0.01) and daily N flow of total microorganisms (P=0.07), which did not differ under low RDP conditions, but pectin produced greater microbial N and less ammonia N than starch with increased RDP. Results showed NFC type, RDP level, and their interaction affected ruminal fermentation and microbial growth, and under sufficient ruminal degradable N pectin had greater advantage in microbial N synthesis than starch in vitro.
' s Accepted Manuscript The Mozambique Channel : From physics to upper trophic levels

A multidisciplinary programme, MESOBIO (Influence of mesoscale dynamics on biological productivity at multiple trophic levels in the Mozambique Channel) was undertaken in the Mozambique Channel within the framework of a scientific partnership between France and South Africa. MESOBIO focused on the signature of the highly energetic eddy dynamics in the Mozambique Channel. The Channel, which is known to be one of the most turbulent areas in the world ocean, has a great diversity of marine organisms and is the site of active pelagic fisheries. MESOBIO was mostly based on observations at sea during 12 multidisciplinary cruises between 2002 and 2010. Hydrographic measurements, sampling of biological organisms ranging from phytoplankton to top predators, and experiments on primary production and energy transfer through the food web, were conducted onboard various research vessels. The data were analyzed in relation to eddy field characteristics for the periods of the cruises, including seasonal or inter-annual variability in mesoscale activity. A modeling approach was also developed within MESOBIO for both the circulation in the Channel and the biogeochemical response to eddy forcing. This paper introduces the suite of articles on the MESOBIO investigations by summarizing background knowledge for the different disciplines and the key issues that were addressed within the programme.
Seasonality of greenhouse gas emission factors from biomass burning in the Brazilian Cerrado

Abstract. Landscape fires, often referred to as biomass burning (BB), emit substantial amounts of (greenhouse) gases and aerosols into the atmosphere each year. Frequently burning savannas, mostly in Africa, Australia, and South America are responsible for over 60 % of total BB carbon emissions. Compared to many other sources of emissions, fires have a strong seasonality. Previous research has identified the mitigation potential of prescribed fires in savanna ecosystems; by burning early in the dry season when the vegetation has not fully cured, fires are in general patchier and burn less intense. While it is widely accepted that burned area and the total carbon consumed is lower when fires are ignited early in the dry season, little is known about the seasonality of emission factors (EF) of greenhouse gases. This is important because potentially, higher EFs in the early dry season (EDS) could offset some of the carbon benefits of EDS burning. Also, a better understanding of EF seasonality may improve large-scale BB assessments, which to date rely on temporally-static EFs. We used a sampling system mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy to estimate CO2, CO, CH4, and N2O EFs in the Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins in the Brazilian states of Tocantins and Bahia. The protected area contains all major Cerrado vegetation types found in Brazil, and EDS burning was implemented on a large scale since 2014. We collected and analyzed over 800 smoke samples during the EDS and late dry season (LDS). Averaged over all measurements, the modified combustion efficiency (MCE) was slightly higher in the LDS (0.976 vs. 0.972) and the CH4 and CO EFs were 13 % and 15 % lower in the LDS compared to the EDS. This seasonal effect was larger in more wood-dominated vegetation types. N2O EFs showed a more complex seasonal dependency, with opposite seasonal trends for savannas that were dominated by grasses versus those with abundant shrubs. We found that the N2O EF for the open cerrado was less than half of those reported so far in the BB literature for savannas. This may indicate a substantial overestimation of the contribution of fires in the N2O budget. Overall, our data implies that in this region, seasonal variability in greenhouse gas emission factors may offset only a small fraction of the carbon mitigation gains in fire abatement programs.
Determination of Bright Band in Malaysia through Radar Data Analysis

Restrained usages of X-band and below is mostly due to commercial operations along the slantpath. In tropical regions, signal degradations are often due to hydrometeors such as rain, hail, cloud, and the melting layer. In addition, these can cause several problems, such as signal fading, depolarization and cochannel polarization due to scattering along the satellite link. Inadequate availability of database along the slantpath in tropical regions for use in rain propagation studies at microwave frequencies required more studies to be carried out. This work concerns the characterization of bright band in a tropical station. The effects of seasonal variations on rain height can give the information that are valuable for designing and planning of satellite link in a tropical region like Malaysia. The meteorological radar data for this work was obtained from the Meteorological Department of Malaysia. The result of the analysis of the processed radar data and the obtained parameters for the bright band showed good agreement with works carried out by other researchers in the tropical region.
Basic Framework and Main Methods of Uncertainty Quantification

Since 2000, the research of uncertainty quantification (UQ) has been successfully applied in many fields and has been highly valued and strongly supported by academia and industry. This review firstly discusses the sources and the types of uncertainties and gives an overall discussion on the goal, practical significance, and basic framework of the research of UQ. Then, the core ideas and typical methods of several important UQ processes are introduced, including sensitivity analysis, uncertainty propagation, model calibration, Bayesian inference, experimental design, surrogate model, and model uncertainty analysis.
Behavioral Responses of Unconfined Uinta Ground Squirrels to Trapping

Capture and recapture data are frequently used by wildlife scientists to estimate characteristics of animal populations. A common assumption is that each animal encountering a trap has the same chance of being captured and recaptured. To test this and related assumptions, this study was made of directly observed responses of unconfined Uinta ground squirrels (Citellus armatus) to various live-trapping experiences. Initially, the trap was the primary attractant. Bait increased this attraction but held some squirrels away from the trap entrance. The effect produced equal probability of capture on first encounter with baited and unbaited traps (n = 51). Squirrels captured on their first encounter (n =18) generally moved about the trap in one direction. Those not captured (n = 23) either did not chance upon the door, showed little interest in the trap, or became fixed at the rear near the bait. Experiments on 58 squirrels indicated capture was punishing and eating bait was rewarding. Simultaneous punishment and reward produced conflict between the tendencies to approach and to avoid the trap. The relative strengths of the tendencies determined whether or not squirrels were recaptured. Prebaiting reinforced entering the trap for bait but decreased the number of squirrels (n = 10) responding to the trap. Squirrels (n = 19) were more hesitant in approaching a trap at the site of capture than at a different location. Their response to the site was consistent with their experience at the site. Biologists often trap animals to obtain information on population parameters. Researchers generally assume that each animal encountering a trap has an equal and independent chance of being captured and recaptured. Some capture data suggest that the above assumption may be invalid owing to behavioral factors (Geis 1955, Tanaka 1956, Crowcroft and Jeffers 1961, and others). However, since researchers seldom observe animals responding to traps, information concerning the relationship between the behavior of animals and a trapping program is lacking. The present study is an attempt to supply such information. The study concerned the behavioral responses of adult Uinta ground squirrels to livetrapping. Results were drawn from direct observation of known individuals in an unconfined population. The objectives were to determine through a series of experiments how squirrels responded to a trap initially, to capture and recapture, to prebaiting, and to the site of capture. 1 Investigation supported in part by U. S. Public Health Service Fellowship MPM-18,460 and Division of University Research, Utah State University.
Check list of plankton of the northern Red Sea

Qualitative estimation of phytoplankton and zooplankton of the northern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba were carried out from four sites: Sharm El-Sheikh, Taba, Hurghada and Safaga. A total of 106 species and varieties of phytoplankton were identified including 41 diatoms, 53 dinoflagellates, 10 cyanophytes and 2 chlorophytes. The highest number of species was recorded at Sharm El-Sheikh (46 spp), followed by Safaga (40 spp), Taba (30 spp), and Hurghada (23 spp). About 95 of the recorded species were previously mentioned by different authors in the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez. Eleven species are considered new to the Red Sea. About 115 species of zooplankton were recorded from the different sites. They were dominated by four main phyla namely: Arthropoda, Protozoa, Mollusca, and Urochordata. Sharm El-Sheikh contributed the highest number of species (91) followed by Safaga (47) and Taba (34). Hurghada contributed the least (26). Copepoda dominated the other groups at the four sites. The appearances of Spirulina platensis, Pediastrum simplex, and Oscillatoria spp. of phytoplankton in addition to the rotifer species and the protozoan Difflugia oblongata of zooplankton impart a characteristic feature of inland freshwater discharge due to wastewater dumping at sea in these regions resulting from the expansion of cities and hotels along the coast.
The American Genera of Malvaceae

The family Malvaceae offers many problems to the taxonomists. Opinions differ widely as to where to draw the line between species, between genera, antd between tribes. Even definition of the family in the order Malvales is a disputed question. For example, the Bombacaceae were regarded by Bentham and Hooker (6 p. 198) as a tribe (or suborder) of the Malvaceae, whereas K. Schumann (73 p. 202; 74 p. 53) treated them as a separate family. Schumann retained Tribe Hibisceae of Bentham and Hooker in the Malvaceae, but Edlin (13 p. 126) transferred this tribe, together with the genus Kydia, to the Bombacaceae, as Trik-es Hibisceae and Kydiae, respectively. CLASSIFICATION OF THE FAMILY
LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND RELATIVE CONDITION IN TRICHIURUS LEPTURUS LINNAEUS

The length-weight relationship and the relative condition in the ribbon fish Trichiurus lepturus were studied in 185 males in the size range 355-960 mm and 143 females in the size range 352-1090 mm collected during the period August 1966 to May 1969. Analysis of covariance of the two regressions showed no significant difference in the slopes. Apparently the sexual cycle does not seem to affect the relative condition of the fish, at least directly, while high intensity of feeding influences the K„ There is a sudden fall in the value of relative condition at 625 mm fish length, and maturity studies indicate that over 90% of fish attained sexual maturity at this length.
IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC CANDIDA SPECIES: PCR-FRAGMENT SIZE POLYMORPHISM (PCR-FSP) METHOD

Background: The clinical importance of yeast infections has increased in recent decades. There are 10-15 pathogenic C andida species. The current morphological and physiological methods for identification of C andida species are generally not easy to interpret and may be expensive or time-consuming. In the present study, we introduce and use a new approach for the identification and differentiation of medically important yeast species of C andida . In this method, size polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer regions, ITS1 and ITS2 , of the ribosomal DNA in various C andida species is used as the basis of species recognition. Methods: The genomic DNA of 31 standard strains and 60 clinical isolates was extracted and PCR -amplified using two primer pairs ( ITS1-ITS2 and ITS3-ITS4 ) separately. Both PCR products were mixed and analyzed after standard agarose gel electrophoresis. The species of the tested yeasts were identified by the electrophoretic patterns of the mixed PCR products of each sample, comparing the data obtained from the sequence analyses of ITS1 and ITS2 molecules. Results: By this method, with the exception of C . albicans and C . dubliniensis , we were able to clearly differentiate nearly all common pathogenic C andida species, including C . albicans, C . glabrata, C . gulliermondii, C . parapsilosis, C . tropicalis, C . krusei, C . kefyr, C . lusinaniae and C . rugosa. All standard and clinical strains were identified correctly, without expensive methods such as sequencing and capillary electrophoresis. Conclusion: It seems that the PCR-FSP method introduced in this study is the easiest molecular approach for the identification of a wide range of pathogenic C andida species and is applicable for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes in reference laboratories. Abstract