Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracting Specialized Terminology from Linguistic Corpora

In this paper, we present our approach to automatically extracting German terminology in the domain of grammar using texts from the online information system grammis as our corpus. We analyze existing repositories of German grammatical terminology and develop Part-of-speech patterns for our extraction thereby showing the importance of unigrams in this domain. We contrast the results of the automatic extraction with a manually extracted standard. By comparing the performance of well-known statistical measures, we show how measures based on corpus comparison outperform alternative methods.
Learning about Regime Change

Total factor productivity (TFP) and investment specific technology (IST) growth both exhibit regime-switching behavior, but the regime at any given time is difficult to infer. We build a rational expectations real business cycle model where the underlying TFP and IST regimes are unobserved. We then develop a general perturbation solution algorithm for a wide class of models with unobserved regime-switching. Using our method, we show that learning about regime-switching alters the responses to regime shifts and intra-regime shocks, increases asymmetries in the responses, generates forecast error bias even with rational agents, and raises the welfare cost of fluctuations.
Analysis of Body Segments using Bioimpedance Spectroscopy and Finite Element Method

Elderly people and geriatric patients often suffer from dehydration which can be diagnosed by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). In this work, the capability of segmental BIS to reflect the total body composition is analyzed. Therefore, measurements of body segments have been simulated using the finite integration technique (FIT) and the results have been verified by measurements on subjects. We show that results obtained from segmental BIS measurements correlate with wholebody bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements. Furthermore, simulations of segmental BIS have been successfully accomplished and the simulation results show similar characteristics compared to measurements performed for reference.
Media Roles in the Online News Domain: Authorities and Emergent Audience Brokers

This article empirically tests the role of legacy and digital-born news media, mapping the patterns of audience navigation across news sources and the relationship between news providers. We borrow tools from network science to bring evidence that suggest legacy news media retain control of the most central positions in the online news domain. Great progress has been made in discussing theoretically the impact of the Internet on the news media ecology. Less research attention, however, has been given to empirically testing changes in the role of legacy media and the rising prominence of digital-born outlets. To fill this gap, in this study we use the hyperlink-induced topic search algorithm, which identifies authorities by means of a hyperlink network, to show that legacy media are still the most authoritative sources in the media ecology. To further substantiate their dominant role, we also examine the structural position of news providers in the audience network. We gather navigation data from a panel of 30,000 people and use it to reproduce the network of patterns of news consumption. While legacy news media retain control of the brokerage positions for the general population, our analysis—focused on patterns of young news consumers—reveals that new digital outlets also occupy relevant positions to control the audience flow. The results of this study have substantive implications for our understanding of news organizations’ roles and how they attain authority in the digital age.
Composition and Diversity of Benthic Species Collectives Colonizing Implanted Substrates in a South Swedish Stream

Trays with stones were implanted in a south Swedish stream. They rapidly became covered by large quantities of dcbris and detritus. The composition and diversity of the colonizing species collectives were examined after 2, 4, 8, 15 and 32 days. The changing substrate conditions were accompanied by a successive exchange of species demonstrating their capability of active habitat selection. The species diversity first rose but apparently approached an asymptotic level at the end of the experiment. Species richness was the major factor affecting the diversity, while the evenness component played a minor role, at least in more comprehensive samples.
Induction of Parthenocarpic Growth of Apple Fruits with Gibberellins A3 and A4

1. The effects of gibberellins A3 and A4, butylcellosolve ester of GA3, 2-chloro, 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid, and 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate on the induction of fruit growth, in the absence of pollination and fertilization, were determined in several cultivars of Malus sylvestris Mill. Gibberellins A3 and A4 (5 x 10-3 and 5 x 10-2 M) induced parthenocarpy (Sops-of-Wine) and sustained fruit development to maturity. Gibberellin A4 was more effective than GA3. Butylcellosolve ester of GA3 caused initial fruit enlargement, but all fruits abscised before 55 days after treatment. 2-Chloro, 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid caused the treated flowers to persist but failed to induce fruit growth; 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate was inactive. 2. Using gibberellin A4 (5 x 10-3 M) as a parthenocarpic stimulus, fruit growth was readily induced in cultivars of Sops-of-Wine and Wealthy, with growth rates, final size, color, and general quality comparable to seeded fruits. Parthenocarpic Delicious were smaller at maturity than seeded fruits. Initial fruit growth was induced in Jonathan and Rhode Island Greening, but all parthenocarpic fruits of these cultivars abscised before reaching maturity. 3. Inspection of mature parthenocarpic Sops-of-Wine and Wealthy fruits as compared to seeded ones of the respective cultivars revealed (a) an equal or larger polar diameter and a smaller transverse diameter, (b) a thicker cortex in the apical region, (c) smaller locular cavities, and (d) a smaller core diameter.
Sponges from African inland waters: The genus Eunapius (Haplosclerida, Spongillina, Spongillidae)

Biodiversity was assessed and a synthesis of sponges belonging to the genus Eunapius from African inland waters was performed, with detailed descriptions, geographic distribution, ecological notes and a diagnostic key. The gemmular trait "network of spongin fi bers in the inner portion of the gemmular theca" discovered by the SEM analysis is here reported for the fi rst time in four species of the genus. A comparative analysis was made, based on a critical revision of original descriptions, recent investigations on materials from historical collections, and recent samplings. Eight taxa are here reported, namely the widespread Eunapius carteri and E. fragilis, and the African endemics E. aetheriae, E. ambiguus, E. carteri saharensis, E. michaelseni, E. nitens and Eunapius sp. The genus Eunapius is, among Spongillidae, the most common and widespread in Africa in North Africa, Sahara and Sub-Sahara up to South Africa and Namibia. Habitats range from extremely isolated waters in deserts to swamps, perennial rivers and lakes in highlands and coastal areas.
(Work in progress, please do not circulate) Only in the Eye of the Beholder? Attractiveness and Trust

This paper complements prior experimental and survey based research on beauty by analyzing whether individuals’ physical attractiveness is related to their trust propensity. Results from a representative survey from Germany suggest such a relationship mainly for females, but also point to non-linear patterns, with a stronger association for less attractive women, who trust less, even when accounting for anthropometry and personality traits. Further analyses show that less attractive individuals have smaller social networks and that, as a rough approximation of observable behavior, attractiveness slightly improves the ease of persuading individuals to participate in the interview. JEL classification: Z13
REVIEW ON RESEARCH IN THE TAXONOMY AND SEX DETERMINATION OF WHALES, DOLPHINS AND PORPOISES (ORDER CETACEA)

Marine mammals, including dolphins, porpoise and whales are top predators and integral components of healthy aquatic ecosystem. They are facing growing threats of a variety of anthropogenic activities, which entail urgent need of research and education programmes to create awareness in the society for their protection and conservation. Accurate taxonomy is fundamental to conservation efforts, and imperfect taxonomy may result, at least as much as a lack of understanding of the population structure, in the loss of genetic variability. In cetaceans, morphological features are often subtle and difficult to compare because of the rarity of specimens or widespread distributions. The number of extant species of cetaceans remains debated. The yawning gaps in our present understanding of species status and geographic variation of cetaceans would probably imply on serious taxonomic revisions. Cetaceans are identified using morphology-based approach, photo identification and molecular taxonomy. DNA sequence analysis has become a powerful tool for conservation identifying the source of samples thought to be derived from threatened or endangered species, thus enabling to identify the species even from a small piece of tissue sample, such as skin from the marketed product. Sex identification is of fundamental importance in the studies of population structure, social organization, distribution, behaviour or heavy metal accumulation in marine mammals. Molecular gender determination is essential in situations when only tissue samples are available or when sex-specific characters are either absent or difficult to observe. In India, marine mammal research has been restricted to reporting on their incidental catches in fishing nets or beach-cast samples. Ministry of Earth Sciences funded the first concerted attempt to study biology, trophodynamics, fisheries interaction, contaminant accumulation, biomarkers, molecular taxonomy and PCR-based sex identification of marine mammals from Indian coasts. Molecular identification of cetaceans of Indian seas has clearly indicated the need for studying more number of species and individuals; phylogenetic relationships to understand the evolution of different species; and genetic variation vis-à-vis global geographic distribution of different species for their biodiversity conservation plans.
DR 2.2: Intelligent Shared control for navigation and mobile manipulation

This document describes the work of providing the TRADR robots with motion capabilities in modes where the control is shared between the operators and the robots. For the UGV we have developed and tested a new control interface inspired by computer games and a Bayesian non-parametric approach learning patterns of control maneuvers. We have also developed a new mapping/planning framework, where planned paths do not have to be recomputed from scratch every time the map is updated with new information. In addition, a Mixed-initiative approach for path planning has been used to improve scalability, allowing the user to add waypoints and knowledge about the reachability of those waypoints into the planner. For the UAV we have developed indoor capabilities, in terms of localization in GPS denied areas, and obstacle avoidance in terms of virtual bumpers.
Reproductive biology and larval development of the terapontid Amniataba caudavittata, including comparisons with the reproductive strategies of other estuarine teleosts in temperate Western Australia

Samples collected monthly from the Swan Estuary between March 1978 and May 1979, together with environmental data for 1977 to 1980, have been used to elucidate various aspects of the reproductive biology of Amniataba caudavittata in this estuary. The gonads of A. caudavittala started to develop rapidly in the spring, when day length, water temperatures and salinities were increasing markedly. Spawning, which occurred mainly towards the top end of the upper estuary, was initiated in November, when water temperatures and salinities in that region were c. 24° C and 9‰, and it peaked in December/January when they were c. IT C and 17%○, Maturity is attained by at least the majority offish at the end of the second and each subsequent year of life. Although some of the larger 1-year-old fish attained maturity, this occurred in only one of the two tributary rivers, possibly reflecting differences in the salinity regimes in these rivers. Fecundities ranged from 50 000 in a 150-mm fish to 705 000 in a 254-mm fish, with a mean of 310 000. The mature, unfertilized eggs are small and spherical and have a diameter of 560 μm. The larvae are pelagic and characterized by an elongate body, which becomes moderately deep and laterally compressed during development, a short to moderate, tightly-coiled gut, a distinct gap between the anus and the origin of the anal fin and 25 or 26 myomeres. The development of fins and settlement of A. caudavittata larvae occurs at a smaller size than in the larvae of other terapontid species previously described. The success of A. caudavittata in the Swan Estuary can be attributed in part to its production of very large numbers of eggs at a time when, due to low fresh water discharge and a smait tidal range, conditions in the estuary are relatively stable. Comparisons between the biology of A. caudavittata and that of other abundant teleosts that spawn in south-western Australian estuaries show that these species exhibit a wide range of reproductive strategies.
Distribution anomalies in avian haemosporidian parasites in the southern Lesser Antilles

We compared the haemosporidian parasite faunas (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) of small land birds on the islands of St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenada in the southern Lesser Antilles. The islands differ in distance from the South American source of colonists, proximity to each other, and similarity of their avifaunas. On each island, we obtained 419–572 blood samples from 22–25 of the 34–41 resident species. We detected parasite infection by PCR and identified parasite lineages by sequencing a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Parasite prevalence varied from 31% on St Lucia to 22% on St Vincent and 18% on Grenada. Abundant parasite lineages differed between the three islands in spite of the similarity in host species. As in other studies, the geographic distributions of the individual parasite lineages varied widely between local endemism and broad distribution within the West Indies, including cases of long-distance disjunction. St Vincent was unusual in the near absence of Plasmodium parasites, which accorded with low numbers of suitable mosquito vectors reported from the island. Parasites on St Vincent also tended to be host specialists compared to those on St Lucia and Grenada. Similarity in parasite assemblages among the three islands varied in parallel with host assemblage similarity (but not similarity of infected hosts) and with geographic proximity. Parasite prevalence increased with host abundance on both St Lucia and St Vincent, but not on Grenada; prevalence did not vary between endemic and more widespread host species. In addition, the endemic host species harbored parasites that were recovered from a variety of non-endemic species as well. These results support the individualistic nature of haemosporidian parasite assemblages in evolutionarily independent host populations.
Breeding distribution and ecology of the threatened Madagascar Plover Charadrius thoracicus

The Madagascar Plover Charadrius thoracicus is a threatened wader endemic to Madagascar. We report the first detailed study of its distribution and breeding ecology. Madagascar Plovers breed on the west coast of Madagascar between the Mahavavy delta in the north and Fort-Dauphin in the south-east. Between 2002 and 2005, we found a total of 149 nests concentrated at two sites: Lake Tsimanampetsotsa (108 nests), an alkaline inland lake in the south, and Marambitsy Bay (24 nests) on the north-west. Nesting was observed between August and May, with peak activity between December and April. We followed the success of 74 nests from egg-laying to chick fledging. Hatching and fledging success were both low (22.9% and 41.4%, respectively, using the Mayfield method). Overall breeding success was also low and only 9.5% of nests produced fledged chicks. The effects of this low breeding success are compounded by the specific habitat requirements of the plover and its limited dispersal. Using these data, we constructed three population projections, all of which predict rapid population decline. The Madagascar Plover is currently classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN but, given its low breeding success and bleak population trajectories, a review of this status may soon be necessary.
Coupling between ice microalgal productivity and the pelagic, metazoan food web in southeastern Hudson Bay: a synthesis of results*

A multidisciplinary study of the ice algal production cycle in southeastern Hudson Bay in spring, 1986, provided an exceptional opportunity to observe trophic interaction between ice algae and metazoan zooplankton. During the ice algal bloom, females of the biomass-dominant copepod species, Calanus glacialis and Pseudocalanus spp. (predominantly P. minutus), grazed at night near the ice-waste interface. Feeding activity of these copepods significantly increased after the start of ice melt in mid-May when ice algae were released in large quantities into the water column. Copepod egg production was negligible during the ice algal bloom, then increased by approximately two orders of magnitude by mid-June. While changes in Calanus productivity can be attributed to increases in female-specific egg production rates alone, Pseudocalanus productivity was also substantially augmented by the appearance in late May of females of a second species, P. newmani. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the major sources of nutrition for copepod production during this period are scdimenting ice algae (during and immediately after the bloom at the ice-water interface) and diatoms seeded from the interfacial layer and actively growing in the water column (in late May and Junnc). Larvae of Arctic cod and sand lance, the yolk-sac stages of which were found in samples immediately after the onset of ice melt, were in a good position to feed on the resulting high concentrations of copepod nauplii in mid-June. These results therefore suggest a strong coupling between the ice algal production cycle and production cycles in the pelagic food web in this region.
Second order directional analysis of point processes revisited

Various methods for directional analysis of spatial point patterns have been introduced in the literature. In this paper, we formulate a unifying framework for methods based on integral transforms of the second order product density. Examples include directional versions of Ripley’s K-function, wavelet transforms, and spectral analysis. Furthermore, we propose an additional method based on the projection of the Fry points of the point pattern on the unit sphere. This method solves some of the practical problems appearing in the application of the integral transform. In particular, it can be easily applied in 3D and provides a definition of an isotropy test without the need of replicated data. The method is evaluated in a simulation study.
Tackling black leaf streak disease and soil fertility constraints to enable the expansion of plantain production to grassland in the humid tropics

In Central Africa, plantain is traditionally grown after a forest fallow. Given increasing urban demand and a lack of forest fallows near urban centres, as well as poor roads and environmental concerns to reduce pressure on forests, research is needed to identify suitable shade, fertility management and cultivars to shift production of plantain to grasslands and to reduce losses to diseases such as black leaf streak disease (BLSD). Effects of light level (full, 67%, 33% light), and nitrogen (N)-amendment on BLSD-tolerant (FHIA-21) and BLSD-susceptible (Batard) cultivars planted on soil from paired grassland and forest sites were determined. BLSD and growth were monitored until 5 months after planting. Three months after planting, leaf area attacked on cultivar FHIA-21 was less than half that on Batard. Plants grown under 33% and 67% light had less leaf area attacked (2.9% and 4.6%, respectively) than those grown in full light (7.3%). Leaf area and dry matter (DM) were higher under shade and when grown on forest soils. Compared to growing BLSD-susceptible plantain on forested land under shade, a shift onto grasslands and a reduction in shade use is predicted to reduce yields. Using cultivar FHIA-21 may limit, but not eliminate, yield loss.
Digimat Material Model for Short Fiber Reinforced Plastics at Volvo Car Corporation

The present paper concerns a study of the potential of the Digimat material model [1] for modeling reinforced plastics at Volvo Car Corporation. Fiber reinforced plastics in general may be either thermoplastics or thermosets commonly reinforced with glass or carbon fibers. Depending on the application, different material and production systems are chosen. They all have in common that the mechanical response is highly dependent on the local microstructure. Digimat is a micromechanical model with separate material models for the separate phases along with assumptions of the microstructural topology and homogenizations schemes. In addition to the material models for the inclusion and matrix phases, information regarding the aspect ratio of the inclusions and its orientation is used. This gives a local anisotropic material response that is inherent from the production process. In Digimat, the same microstructure model is used regardless of the fiber length and how the fibers are organized. For continuous fiber composites, either definition of lay-ups or e.g. draping simulations may be the basis for the local fiber orientation. For short fiber thermoplastic composites, being the current case, simulations of the injection molding process are often performed both to adapt the component design for production and adapt the production process itself. Typically, these simulations are carried out in special finite element tools such as Moldflow from which also predictions of fiber orientations to be used in Digimat can be output.
Idiosyncratic Risk, Borrowing Constraints and Financial Integration

This paper examines under which conditions the puzzling observation of capital flows from poor to rich countries and accompanying changes in domestic economic development can be explained by the presence of financial market imperfections. Motivated by the mixed results from the literature, we employ an incomplete-markets model in which entrepreneurs face capital risk, earn risky profits and receive riskless wage income. Moreover, borrowing constraints simultaneously impede consumption smoothing and limit the access to external funds for scaling up production. We find that in the presence of uninsurable risk only and for plausible parameter values, capital does flow from poor to rich countries and that an increase in the interest rate leads to higher levels of capital and output in the steady state under financial integration. However, we also find that tight borrowing constraints and high persistence of shocks strongly affect the model predictions and lead to significantly tighter parameter restrictions. With these findings we contribute to the ongoing debate on the consequences of financial integration. JEL classification: D52; E22; F41; G11