Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CoRe study: COVID-19 and remdesivir: An insight into the current health planning and policy

Introduction: The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has witnessed rampant use of the repurposed drug, remdesivir, despite its conflicting evidence and rapidly changing guidelines. Methods: A cross-sectional, country-wide, questionnaire-based, electronic survey was conducted among the healthcare professionals involved in COVID-19 management from April 18 to May 18, 2021. Results: Out of 231 responses, 185 were included. Significantly, greater knowledge of trials was reported by the frontline healthcare professionals compared to those who are not involved in COVID-19 care. Medicine practitioners and pulmonologists expressed greater willingness to continue remdesivir (Odds ratio (OR) 5.329, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 2.31–12.291 and 5.063, 95% CI 1.414–18.129, respectively). The rationale attributed was personal experience, current guidelines, non-availability of any alternate antiviral drug, expert recommendations, and local hospital policy either alone (20%, 8.1%, 5.9%, 2.7%, and 2.2%, respectively) or in combination (46.5%, 39.5%, 29.2%, 21.1%, and 15.7%, respectively). Awareness of evidence and knowledge of landmark studies made no statistically significant impact on clinical decision-making. Improved clinical outcomes were reported by 10/22 (45.4%) practitioners who used remdesivir for unconventional indications. Conclusion: The study throws critical insights into the current perspectives of doctors on remdesivir in clinical management and its potential impact on current health planning strategies.
The determinant of transfer pricing in Indonesian multinational companies: Moderation effect of tax expenses

In calculating the transfer price of a transaction for goods, services, intangible assets, or financial transactions, a corporation has a policy known as transfer pricing. Due to its widespread abuse, transfer pricing is frequently associated with negative connotations. For example, this practice manipulates prices so that it has the potential to harm state revenues. This study uses tax expenses as a moderating variable to evaluate how intangible assets, debt covenants, and bonus systems affect the company’s decisions to use transfer pricing. This paper uses quantitative research approach with multiple linear regression analysis. The data used are panel data, consisting of cross-section data from 23 international manufacturing businesses on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, and time-series data from 2017 to 2019. Based on the tests, only the debt covenant variable significantly positively affects the transfer pricing action (sig. 0.000). In contrast, the intangible asset and the bonus mechanism variables are insignificant for transfer pricing. Furthermore, tax charges cannot mitigate the impact of intangible assets on transfer pricing decisions. However, tax charges may be able to mitigate the debt covenant in a way that makes the company’s decision to use transfer pricing stronger (sig. 0.024). Additionally, the bonus mechanism may be negatively moderated by tax expenses, weakening the company’s decisions to use transfer pricing (sig. 0.045).
Egiturazko kasuaren erkaketa euskaraz

EL OBJETIVO DE ESTA TESIS HA SIDO, EN TERMINOS GENERALES, INVESTIGAR EL FENOMENO DE LA ERGATIVIDAD Y LA ERGATIVIDAD ESCINDIDA EN EUSKARA, DENTRO DEL PROGRAMA MINIMALISTA (CHOMSKY, 1993; BOBALJIK, 1993; LAKA, 1993). CONSIDERO QUE LOS INERGATIVOS SON PREDICADOS TRANSITIVOS EN LA ESTRUCTURA LEXICO RELACIONAL (HALE & KEYSER, 1992; BOBALJIK, 1993; LAKA, 1993), Y PROPONGO QUE TAMBIEN LOS DEL TIPO SUSTANTIVO + EGIN 'HACER' INCORPORAN EL OBJETO AL PREDICADO (URIBETXEBARRIA, 1989 A; FERNANDEZ, 1993; LOPEZ & AUSTIN, 1995; MARTINEZ, 1995). PARA LA DENOMINADA ESCISION LIGADA VS. LIBRE (DIXON, 1994) EN EUSKARA, ESTABLEZCO EL COTEJO ESCINDIDO DE RASGOS-NOMINALES, SEGUN EL CUAL, EL CASO Y LOS RASGOS DE CONCORDANCIA ESCINDEN SU COTEJO EN DOS ESPECIFICADORES (ESPEC) DISTINTOS (KING, 1994; LYLE, 1996). POR ULTIMO, CONSIDERO QUE EL DATIVO ES TAMBIEN UN CASO ESTRUCTURAL, QUE SE COTEJA EN ESPEC DE CORCORDANCIA (CONC), PARA LO CUAL SE ACTIVA CONC3, SITUANDOSE CONC2 BAJO VP-SHELL (LARSON, 1988), (CELLINS & THRAINSSON, 1993; KOIZUMI, 1993; LOPEZ & AUSTIN, 1995), PARA CUMPLIR ASI EQUIDISTANCIA (CHOMSKY, 1993).
COVID-19 in Older Individuals Requiring Hospitalization

Older individuals have an increased risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a higher risk for complications and death. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of older patients admitted with COVID-19 and describe their outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients older than 65 years admitted to the COVID-19 Department of the University Hospital of Heraklion. Data recorded and evaluated included age, gender, Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) severity score, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) use, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), laboratory exams, treatment administered, and outcome. In total, 224 patients were evaluated in the present study. The median age was 75 years and 105 (46.9%) were female. In 50 patients (22.7%), HFNO was used and 23 (10.3%) were admitted to the ICU. Mortality was 13.4% (30 patients). Patients that died had higher age, were more likely to be male, had an IDSA severity score of 3, had prior HFNO use, had been admitted to the ICU, and were also more likely to have a higher white blood cell (WBC) count, CRP, ferritin, procalcitonin, d-dimers, and troponin. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age and the need for HFNO use to be independently positively associated with mortality. To conclude, COVID-19 carries significant mortality in hospitalized older patients, which increases with age, while the need for HFNO also increased the likelihood of worse outcomes. Clinicians caring for patients with COVID-19 should bear in mind these two factors. Future studies could elaborate on the effect of new variants on the dynamics of mortality in older patients.
The Influence of Cultural Stigma on Perceptions of Mental Illness

THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL STIGMA ON PERCEPTIONS OF MENTAL ILLNESS by Rakshitha Mohankumar This research study highlighted the significance of studying stigma and long-term coping with a loved one’s mental health issues across cultures. Differences in perceptions of mental health based on the type of culture and (in)experience of growing up with someone who had mental health issues were tested. I predicted main effects of both culture and exposure, such that collectivists and those who did not grow up with someone who had mental health issues would have more negative perceptions towards mental health. I also predicted an interaction: while individualists would have relatively positive perceptions regardless of experience, collectivists would have negative perceptions where there is no experience but relatively positive perceptions if there is prior experience. I tested that these effects were held when controlling for socioeconomic status, mental health education, mental health support, and gender. The results of the study only supported a main effect of culture on anger. Additional analyses found that there were interaction effects among culture and mental health support and culture and mental health familiarity for both personal responsibility and anger. Overall, while the study did not bridge the gap between cultural stigma and coping, it did contribute to the literature by indicating how strongly culture and stigma influence mental health perceptions, and how individuals with past experiences of mental illness compared to those without past experiences of mental illness.
Simulation-Based Evaluation of Methods, Data Types, and Temporal Sampling Schemes for Detecting Recent Population Declines

Synopsis Understanding recent population trends is critical to quantifying species vulnerability and implementing effective management strategies. To evaluate the accuracy of genomic methods for quantifying recent declines (beginning <120 generations ago), we simulated genomic data using forward-time methods (SLiM) coupled with coalescent simulations (msprime) under a number of demographic scenarios. We evaluated both site frequency spectrum (SFS)-based methods (momi2, Stairway Plot) and methods that employ linkage disequilibrium information (NeEstimator, GONE) with a range of sampling schemes (contemporary-only samples, sampling two time points, and serial sampling) and data types (RAD-like data and whole-genome sequencing). GONE and momi2 performed best overall, with >80% power to detect severe declines with large sample sizes. Two-sample and serial sampling schemes could accurately reconstruct changes in population size, and serial sampling was particularly valuable for making accurate inferences when genotyping errors or minor allele frequency cutoffs distort the SFS or under model mis-specification. However, sampling only contemporary individuals provided reliable inferences about contemporary size and size change using either site frequency or linkage-based methods, especially when large sample sizes or whole genomes from contemporary populations were available. These findings provide a guide for researchers designing genomics studies to evaluate recent demographic declines.
The Effect of Project-Based Learning (PBL) on Lessons Written in The Second Grade of SMPN 1 Parepare

Anita Anggreani, The Effect of Project Based Learning (PBL) in Teaching Writing to the Second Grade of SMPN 1 Parepare, (Supervised by Mujahidah and Wahyu Hidayat.) Project Based Learning (PBL) is a learning model in which students work individually to produce a particular product that originates from the problems that surround it. The goal of this study is to describe how students learn English in class VIII.2 of SMPN 1 Parepare using Project Based Learning (PBL) strategy, as well as to determine whether students’ writing ability in learning English increases as a result of the Project Based Learning (PBL) strategy. This research is a classroom action research that attempts to improve students’ writing abilities in English learning through a Project Based Learning strategy. The subjects were 32 students from SMPN 1 Parepare class VIII.2 during the academic year 2021/2022. The research was split into two cycle. The information for this research was acquired thorugh an interview, an observation checklist, a questionnaire, and a test. The study’s fidings revealed that students’ English skills improved as evidenced by: a) the percentage of students steadily improved their scores at the conclusion of each cycle. The English lesson’s Minimum Mastery Criterion-Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) Score was 78 (Seventy Five). The students average pre-test score was 58,9. In the first cycle, the average score was 76,6. In the second cycle, the average score was 86,3. b) The students’ responses to the increased interest in learning English through a Project Based Learning (PBL) strategy are generally positive. The data showed a score of 94,3%, which means “Excellent”. c) through an observation checklist, students’ participation in students activities indicating that students’ participation steadily increased form the first to the second cycle. Keywords: Project based learning, Writing ability, Descriptive text
GC–MS Untargeted Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Four Red Grape Varieties (Vitis vinifera L. cv) at Different Maturity Stages near Harvest

Grape volatile compounds directly determine the aroma quality of wines. Although the aroma profile of grapes evolved greatly at different maturity stages, there were less considerations for aroma status when determining grape harvest time. In the present study, several maturation indicators, namely, sugars/acids ratio, free volatile compounds, bound volatile compounds and IBMP (3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine) content were monitored in four red wine grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L. cv Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gernischet, Cabernet Franc and Merlot) near harvest time (42 days) in Ningxia, China. The results showed that the highest sugars/acids ratio was reached on day 21 and day 28 for Merlot and the other three varieties, respectively. For both free and bound volatile compounds, the content of carbonyl compounds decreased continuously in the process of ripening. The contents of free alcohols, esters and terpenes increased in the ripening stage and decreased in the stage of over-ripening. The accumulation of favorable bound aroma compounds peaked at day 35. The content of IBMP presenting a green smell in all four varieties descended continuously and kept steady from day 28. Therefore, the present findings revealed that the best aroma maturity time of four studied grape varieties was later than the sugars/acids ratio in Ningxia region. Aroma maturity should be taken into account during harvest time determination.
Testing Content Validity of Nursing Stress Scales: Do They Reflect Current Practice?

Nurses are subject to considerable stress, arising from the physical, psychological, and social aspects of their work. Widely used nursing occupational stress measures were developed decades ago and may not adequately capture contemporary sources of stress. The study purpose was to evaluate the content validity of items from existing measures and newly developed items to identify a nursing stress scale that can be used to measure occupational stress in current practice. A three-phase approach for development and evaluation of occupational stress items was conducted. Phase 1: item generation; Phase 2: (N = 11) content expert evaluation of content validity of occupational stress items; Phase 3: subsample (n = 4) of experts reviewing select items. The total item pool was reduced from 73 to 66 items. Expert reviews indicated acceptable content validity of the Revised Nursing Stress Scale. The Revised Nursing Stress Scale is an updated measure of occupational stress in contemporary nursing practice.
New Perspectives on Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Their Emerging Role in Haematology

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature cells of myeloid origin that have gained researchers’ attention, as they constitute promising biomarkers and targets for novel therapeutic strategies (i.e., blockage of development, differentiation, depletion, and deactivation) in several conditions, including neoplastic, autoimmune, infective, and inflammatory diseases, as well as pregnancy, obesity, and graft rejection. They are characterised in humans by the typical immunophenotype of CD11b+CD33+HLA-DR–/low and immune-modulating properties leading to decreased T-cell proliferation, induction of T-regulatory cells (T-regs), hindering of natural killer (NK) cell functionality, and macrophage M2-polarisation. The research in the field is challenging, as there are still difficulties in defining cell-surface markers and gating strategies that uniquely identify the different populations of MDSCs, and the currently available functional assays are highly demanding. There is evidence that MDSCs display altered frequency and/or functionality and could be targeted in immune-mediated and malignant haematologic diseases, although there is a large variability of techniques and results between different laboratories. This review presents the current literature concerning MDSCs in a clinical point of view in an attempt to trigger future investigation by serving as a guide to the clinical haematologist in order to apply them in the context of precision medicine as well as the researcher in the field of experimental haematology.
Effect of Different Doses of Vitamin D on the Intestinal Flora of Babies with Eczema: An Experimental Study

Infantile eczema is a common allergic disease caused by a variety of factors, which is often accompanied by immune dysfunction and dysbiosis of the intestinal flora. Vitamin D may affect the composition and function of intestinal flora by regulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides, thereby avoiding intestinal dysbiosis. The present study aims to explore whether the disorder of intestinal flora and immune function can be reversed by changing the Vit D intake of eczema infants. In this study, 12 healthy infants were selected as the healthy control group (CON), and 32 infants with eczema were selected for the eczema patient groups, of which 8 were randomly allocated as the eczema model group (ECZ, for which the infants’ peripheral blood and stool were collected before any treatment). The 12 healthy infants and 32 eczema infants all regularly adhered to the feeding of Vit D 400 IU/d. The 32 eczema infants were randomly divided into 3 groups, and patients in each group took Vit D 200 (D-LOW), 400 (D-MED), and 800 (D-HIGH) IU/day for 1 month, respectively. The peripheral blood and stool of the three groups were collected one month later. Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+) and serum inflammatory factor interleukin IL-6, IL-10, and interferon-γ(IFN-γ). The contents of serum immunoglobulin Ig E and 25-(OH) D3 were detected by chemiluminescence. Two hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4) were high-throughput sequenced for stool intestinal flora analysis. The results showed that no significant difference was found in the content of 25 (OH) D3 between the ECZ and the CON groups. However, the intestinal flora and immune function in the ECZ group were remarkably more disordered than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). After the corresponding medical treatments for one month, the LOW-D and HIGH-D groups presented some reversals in the intestinal flora and immune-related indexes in comparison to the ECZ group, and the reversal effect in the LOW-D group was most significant (p < 0.05). These results indicated that low-dose Vit D(200 IU/d) can partly improve the disorder of intestinal flora and immune function in eczema infants who usually adhere to a Vit D preventive dose of 400 IU/d feeding.
Using level‐of‐effort paradata in non‐response adjustments with application to field surveys

Summary. The paper considers the use of level‐of‐effort (LOE) paradata to model the non‐response mechanism in surveys and to adjust for non‐response bias, particularly bias that is missing not at random or non‐ignorable. Our approach is based on an unconditional maximum likelihood estimation (call‐back) model that adapts and extends the prior work to handle the complexities that are encountered for large‐scale field surveys. A test of the ‘missingness at random’ assumption is also proposed that can be applied to essentially any survey when LOE data are available. The non‐response adjustment and the test for missingness at random are then applied and evaluated for a large‐scale field survey—the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Although evidence on non‐ignorable non‐response bias was found for this survey, the call‐back model could not remove it. One likely explanation of this result is error in the LOE data. This possibility is explored and supported by a field investigation and simulation study informed by data obtained on LOE errors.
THE EFFECT OF VILLAGE APPARATUS COMPETENCE, INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM, AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENTS ON VILLAGE FUND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTABILITY (Case Research in Banyudono District)

The research purposes were 1) determined the effect of the competence of village government officials on the accountability of village fund management in Banyudono District; 2) determined the effect of the Internal Control System on the accountability of village fund management in Banyudono District; and 3) determined the effect of organizational commitment on the accountability of village fund management in Banyudono District. The research type is quantitative research. The research population is employees who work in 15 village offices in the Banyudono district. The research sample was 75 people with purposive sampling technique. The dependent variable is the accountability of village fund management. The independent variables are the competence of village government officials, internal control systems, and organizational commitment. The data analysis method used Multiple Linear Regression using SPSS test equipment. The research results can be concluded that 1) the competence of village government apparatus has a positive and significant effect on the accountability of village fund management. 2) The internal control system has no significant effect on the accountability of village fund management. 3) Organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on the accountability of village fund management. 4) Competence of Village Government Apparatus, Internal Control System, and Organizational Commitment are able to determine the accountability of village fund management by 61.0%, the remaining 39.0% is explained by other factors not explained in the regression model. Keywords: Competence of Village Government Apparatus, Internal Control System, Organizational Commitment, Accountability of Village Fund Management
Microscopic texture and grey scale generation in anti-ferroelectric liquid crystals

Polarized stroboscopic microscopy shows that in anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal devices a uniform increase in light transmission takes place during the application of a short voltage pulse of sufficient amplitude. When this pulse is followed by a lower voltage, the transmission fades in two steps: in the first a fast uniform decay is observed and is accompanied by stripes that rapidly appear out of the background; then a slower striped domain growth process takes place. On the other hand, when a device is allowed to relax from the ferroelectric state, only a domain growth process is observed. We discuss the physical mechanisms involved and the effects of writing and holding voltages on grey levels and their implications for display applications.
Numerical Prediction of Turbulent Drag Reduction with Different Solid Fractions and Distribution Shapes over Superhydrophobic Surfaces

The exploration of superhydrophobic drag reduction has been and continues to be of significant interest to various industries. In the present work, direct numerical simulation (DNS) is utilized to investigate the effect of the parameters on the drag-reducing performance of superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS). Simulations with a friction Reynolds number of 180 were carried out at solid fraction values of , and , and three distribution shapes: aligned, staggered, and random. The top wall is the smooth one, and the bottom wall is a superhydrophobic surface (SHS). Drag reduction and Reynolds stress profiles are compared for all cases. The turbulent kinetic energy budget, including production, dissipation, and diffusion, is presented with respect to the solid fraction and type of distribution to investigate the drag reduction mechanism. The sizes of the longitudinal vortices and formation of hairpin vortices are investigated through the observation of coherent structures. The simulation of a post model is a useful method to study the drag reduction for different solid fraction values and distribution geometries. Our study demonstrates that the drag reduction could acquire 42% with the solid fraction value and an aligned distribution shape for post superhydrophobic surface geometry. Our study also showed the relationship of the Reynolds stress component (R11, R22, and R33) to the drag reduction with the differences in the solid fraction values and distribution geometry. In which, the R11 component has the most change between an aligned distribution and a random one. The peak value of R11 tends to shift away from the SHS wall. In addition, the analysis of the TKE budget over the superhydrophobic surface was performed, which can be adopted as a useful resource in turbulence modeling based on RANS methodology.