Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Assessment of Sonic Waves and Tracer Gases as Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Methods for In-Situ Underground Mine Seals

In 2006, two tragic mining incidents occurred in the United States, resulting in the loss of life for 17 coal miners from explosions in underground coal mines. As a result, legislators passed the MINER Act of 2006. In addition to the numerous new regulatory requirements, the strength requirement of both monitored and unmonitored in-situ seals were increased to 50 and 120 psig, respectively. The new strength requirements of these seals serve an important safety purpose, but there is currently no mandatory monitoring or testing program for the structural condition of the seal themselves. Civil and structural engineers have been using non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for nearly a century to evaluate the condition of both concrete and non-concrete structures. The NDT work with concrete has allowed engineers to measure the thickness of structures, detect flaws, delaminations (or voids in the subsurface), measure the corrosion of metal reinforcements that may be part of the structure, and even characterize the physical properties of the structure, all without having to disturb or damage the specimen. One of these NDT methods, the impact-echo method, has been widely used in concrete evaluation and has the potential to assess the structural condition of in-situ mine seals. While the impact-echo method has been successfully used for nearly 30 years in evaluating civil structures, the concept of tracking the movement and concentrations of tracer gases is a previously untested NDT concept for both seals and concrete structures. Tracer gases, specifically sulfur hexafluoride and perfluorinated tracer compounds, have been used to map the ventilation characteristic of underground mines. A novel NDT method can potentially combine the two methods, where the injection of a tracer, and the flow of the tracer through the seal material may provide information on the structural condition of the seal. This paper details the development and assessment of these two potential NDT methods for the evaluation of in-situ underground mine seals. The assessment was carried out through a series of small, laboratory experiments and transitioned to both large and full scale experiments located in working underground mines, accompanied with supplemental computer modeling to assist in confirmation of perfluorinated tracers moving through the seal material.
The Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist for Nursing Homes: Validation among Different Spanish Territories

Memory and behavioral difficulties among older people living in nursing homes can cause burden and other consequences in professional caregivers. There is a lack of instruments that evaluate these behaviors and their influence in formal caregivers. The aim of this study is to develop and psychometrically test—the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist for Nursing Homes (RMBPC-NH). A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample was made up of 312 formal caregivers working in nursing homes from different territories in Spain, 87.5% were women and 12.5% were men. The average age of participants was 39 years (SD = 12.2). The sample was recruited from January 2019 to March 2020. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included sociodemographic information, and assessed quality of technical equipment, level of training, experience of working with older people, job satisfaction, professional quality of life, burnout, and conception of negative stereotypes held towards aging. The four-factor structure of the RMBPC-NH showed a good fit, namely in relation to memory, functional, and emotional factors, and other problems. It has shown adequate psychometric properties, internal consistency, and validity (correlations with professional quality of life, job satisfaction, burnout, and negative stereotypes). The RMBPC-NH is a useful instrument to evaluate the frequency of older people’s memory and behavior problems and professional caregivers’ burden. The practical application in nursing homes is discussed.
The Effects of Instruction Dimension, Environmental Dimension and Student Trust Toward Indonesian Student’s Satisfaction in Online Learning of SAP (ERP)

Student's satisfaction has important role in improving student's performance and the academic institution quality. Due to the outbreak of Covid-19, an academic institutes shifted their traditional learning methods to online classes. In teaching SAP, which is prominent software for Enterprise Resource Planning, the student's satisfaction requires further attention because of the subject complexity; in terms of delivery mode and infrastructure requirements. Hence, this paper aims at examining the student's satisfaction for SAP courses during the outbreak. The examination includes relationship between factors that include instructor's dimension, environmental dimension, student trust and student satisfaction. A total of 332 responses were collected from students who were involved in SAP subjects and experienced the transition of traditional teaching to online teaching of the subject. The data was analyzed using SPSS for descriptive analysis and AMOS for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Internal consistency of the research instrument, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and exploratory factor analysis revealed that the research instrument was suitable. The findings indicate that instruction dimension significantly affected environmental dimension, student trust and student satisfaction. Environmental dimension significantly affected student trust and student trust significantly affecting student satisfaction. Student trust is mediating the relationship between instruction dimension and environmental dimension toward student satisfaction. Moreover, the results show that instructor plays dominant role toward student trust and student satisfaction. The learning environment, which include interaction between students and lecturer, enhances the student to overcome difficulties while learning online. These findings are critical in understanding the students' satisfaction in online learning and contribute in improving the learning environment.
The Relationship between Oral Microbiome and SARS-CoV-2

The oral microbiome represents an important part of the human microbiome. It has an important function to protect against the colonization of extrinsic bacteria, affecting systemic health. On the other hand, the most common oral diseases such as caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis, are based on microorganisms. After the gut microbiome, the oral microbiome is the second largest microbial population in the body. It has the potential to affect the onset and progression of a variety of localized and systemic disorders, including viral infections, especially those that enter the body through the oropharynx. Pandemics like SARS and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have impacted negatively on economies and people around the world in recent years, making viral infection one of the most common and dangerous health problems. Despite being one of many respiratory viruses that use the oropharynx as their primary replication site, the novel pandemic human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 disease has yet to be determined. PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were among the search engines used up to December 1, 2021. For published data, search terms included 'Microbiome', 'COVID-19,' ' Oral Microbiome changes in COVID-19,' dysbiosis in COVID-19', or 'SARS-CoV-2'. This concise review aimed to see if there was a link between the oral microbiome and SARS-CoV-2.
Exploratory data analysis, classification, comparative analysis, case severity detection, and internet of things in COVID-19 telemonitoring for smart hospitals

ABSTRACT The proportion of COVID-19 patients is significantly expanding around the world. Treatment with serious consideration has become a significant problem. Identifying clinical indicators of succession towards severe conditions is desperately required to empower hazard stratification and optimise resource allocation in the pandemic of COVID-19. Consequently, the classification of severity level is significant for the patient’s triaging. It is required to categorise the severity level as mild, moderate, severe, and critical based on the patients’ symptoms. Various symptomatic parameters may encourage the evaluation of infection seriousness. Likewise, with the rapid spread and transmissibility of COVID-19 patients, it is crucial to utilise telemonitoring schemes for COVID-19 patients. Telemonitoring mediation encourages remote data and information exchange among medicinal services, suppliers, and patients, furthermore, risk mitigation and provision of appropriate medical facilities. This paper provides explorative data analysis of symptoms, comorbidities, and other parameters, comparing different machine learning algorithms for case severity detection. This paper also provides a system (based on the degree of truthfulness) for case severity detection that might be utilised to stratify risk levels for anticipated moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. Finally, we provide a telemonitoring model of COVID-19 patients to ensure the remote and continuous monitoring of case severity progression and appropriate risk mitigation strategies.
Justice for victims of human trafficking in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Human trafficking is not a new problem in South Africa and statistics have indicated that it is on the increase. The crime of human trafficking is clandestine and complex. Human trafficking is a complex issue that can be considered from different perspectives and its associated legal framework, in very general terms, states will be responsible for their own acts or omissions that breach their obligations under international law, including human rights law. This article explores and attempts to find solutions for victims of human trafficking. This study utilised a phenomenological qualitative framework following semi-structured interviews. The sampling methods adopted for this study were purposive, using snowball sampling, where the authors could identify the samples, one after the other, through references given earlier. It focused on 40 participants from the Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation (DPCI), the South African Police Service (SAPS), the Department of Home Affairs (DHA), the Department of Social Development (DSD) and the Gauteng Provincial Office, from Pretoria, Springs and Kempton Park. The key findings indicated that the challenges are corruption, lack of motivation and commitment to combat human trafficking, lack of limited awareness and information about the human trafficking scourge in South Africa, the findings also indicated a lack of clear strategy and response by stakeholders to successfully investigate, prosecute and incarcerate the perpetrators of human trafficking and the findings further indicated lack of capacity, resources and training to deal with human trafficking. Based on the findings, the author provided, possible recommendations such as; the utilisation of advanced technology and use of intelligence-led policing to strengthen the work of stakeholders, advanced training and better education including improved awareness strategies; and the utilisation of social media as a tool to deal with human trafficking and strengthening of enforcement responses and reporting techniques.
Time is Blood: The Impact of Diagnostic Delays on Acquired Hemophilia A

Background and objective Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is an uncommon autoimmune bleeding disorder caused by the formation of neutralizing antibodies against endogenous factor VIII (FVIII). Delays between the onset of symptoms and the correct diagnosis of the condition lead to poor outcomes and a higher mortality rate. In this study, we aimed to analyze the impact of delays in diagnosis on AHA patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective study at a single hospital system between March 1, 2010, and January 17, 2017, which included six patients meeting the criteria for AHA diagnosis. Results Initial analysis revealed a median age of 79.5 years and a median time to diagnosis from the onset of bleeding of 14 days. Among the six patients, three had cancer (bladder, renal, and prostate) and three had unknown etiologies. One of the patients died prior to the initiation of a bypassing agent. The remaining five patients received recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven®, Novo Nordisk, Bagsværd, Denmark), and two of those five required a second-line bypassing agent, recombinant porcine sequence FVIII (Obizur®, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan) for refractory bleeding. All five patients achieved hemostasis; however, three died within a year, and none of the patients survived for five years. Four of these five patients died directly from bleeding complications. Conclusions Based on our study findings and review of the literature, we propose an algorithm to potentially aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of AHA in emergency and non-specialized settings.
Just say no? Public attitudes about supportive and punitive policies to combat the opioid epidemic

Abstract Using an original demographically representative survey, we estimate the determinants of public support for a set of supportive and punitive policies to combat the opioid epidemic among a sample of 2,131 Americans. Our findings indicate that individuals who attribute blame for the epidemic to the personal choices of individuals, conservatives and those high in racial resentment are consistently more likely to support punitive policies to combat the opioid epidemic and less likely to favour policies to support individuals with substance use disorders. Individuals who have a personal connection to someone struggling with opioid use disorder favour policies to support such individuals but have nuanced attitudes towards punitive policies. Importantly, we find overwhelming support for all supportive policies except supervised injection sites, while roughly 50% of our sample supported the set of punitive policy choices. Our research represents a significant step forward toward understanding public opinion about the opioid epidemic and policies to combat it.
Savings and self-control: the effect of labelling

ABSTRACT I designed and implemented a Randomized Controlled Trial to study the effects of publicly and privately labelling village savings and loan associations’ savings accounts on savings behaviour for low-income individuals in Colombia. I find that publicly labelling savings accounts increased savings by 18 and 25 percent inside and outside the commitment product, respectively, relative to the control group. They were also 43 percent more likely to reach their savings goal. In contrast, privately labelling savings accounts is not effective at increasing savings for an average saver, suggesting that labelling is only effective when savings purposes are observed by peers.
CFD Modelling of Pathogen Transport due to Human Activity

Health-care Associated Infection is a major concern with 1 in 11 patients affected each year. There is evidence that some pathogens may be transported by an airborne route, and hence fluid modelling tools, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), are increasingly used to aid understanding of the transport mechanisms of infection. These models tend to only consider respiratory infections that are released from a single point, such as a person coughing. However there is substantial evidence that certain pathogens, such as MRS A, may be released from the skin during regular routine activities (e.g. undressing, walking). An observational and air sampling study carried out on a respiratory ward found that certain activities correlated to greatly increased numbers of large particles (> 5µm), and bioaerosols. The increased concentrations of bioaerosols also corresponded to sampling of potentially pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. It is therefore necessary to be able to represent these releases ofbioaerosols within CFD models used in design and risk assessment. Bioaerosol transport is modelled in CFD simulations usmg passive scalar transport and Lagrangian particle tracking models with the DRW model to simulate turbulent diffusion. These are validated for the first time using spatial variation of airborne and deposited bioaerosols generated under controlled conditions. Simpler multi-zone models are compared to CFD and found to perform well at simulating the bioaerosol decay within large spaces that can be assumed to be well mixed, however they are not refined enough to simulate the detail required to study the transfer of infection between individual patients. A zonal source model is introduced and validated with the aim of representing the time average dispersion from a transient source in a steady state model. This enables the dispersion of bioaerosols from activities occurring in hospital wards to be represented within CFD models. The zonal source model is shown to give a good representation of the average dispersion and total deposition of a transient source, whereas a point source is not. Point sources produce different dispersion patterns to zonal sources and so it is recommended that both are used to simulate bioaerosols produced due to activities or respiratory diseases. Point sources are found to be highly sensitive to the injection position, whereas the zonal source is found to produce relatively similar patterns of dispersion for varying size definitions. CFD is a useful tool for studying pathogen transport in indoor spaces, and when doing so it is recommended that the potential bioaerosol release from the skin is considered which can be taken into account within a steady state model using a zonal source model.
Fulminant Lyme myocarditis without any other signs of Lyme disease in a 37-year-old male patient with microscopic polyangiitis—a case report

Abstract Background Lyme disease is a tick-borne multisystem infection. The most common cardiac manifestation is an acute presentation of Lyme carditis, which often manifests as conduction disorder and rarely as myocarditis. Case summary We report the case of a 37-year-old male with a history of microscopic polyangiitis receiving immunosuppressive therapy. He was admitted for severe dyspnoea secondary to acute heart failure. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging indicated a severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with global hypokinesia. Coronary heart disease was excluded, and endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) were performed. The left ventricular EMB revealed a rare case of fulminant Lyme carditis with evidence of typical lymphocytic myocarditis. Borrelia afzelii-DNA was detected without any relevant atrioventricular blockage or systemic signs of Lyme disease. The patient had no clinically apparent tick-borne infection or self-reported history of a tick bite. Immunological testing revealed a positive ELISA and Immunoblot for anti-Borrelia immunoglobulin G antibodies. After specific intravenous antibiotic therapy and optimized medical therapy for heart failure, the LVEF recovered, and the patient could be discharged in an improved condition. Repeat EMB a few months later revealed a dramatic regression of the cardiac inflammation and absence of Borrelia DNA in the myocardium. Discussion A severely reduced LVEF can be the primary manifestation of Lyme disease even without typical systemic findings and can have a favourable prognosis with antibiotic treatment. A thorough workup for Lyme carditis is required in patients with unexplained heart failure, particularly with EMB, especially in immunosuppressed patients.
Students’ Orientations Towards Multilingualism and Social Justice in a Swedish-medium University Degree Program in Educational Sciences in Finland

ABSTRACT This study focuses on students’ orientations towards multilingualism in a Swedish-speaking educational degree program in Finland. Swedish is one of the two national languages in Finland and basic education is provided separately in Finnish and Swedish, even if the current national policies strongly support multilingualism in education. We analyzed the language orientations in the students’ coursework (N = 52) in an educational sciences degree program that has an emphasis on multilingualism and social justice. The results showed that multilingual identities and linguistic repertoires were presented as valuable, but the students rarely identified themselves as multilingual. They perceived multilingualism as a resource and a means for inclusion, but concurrently also saw challenges in balancing between protecting the minority language and multilingual practices. The connection between multilingualism and social justice was visible in the students’ multiple and sometimes contradicting views, but the texts hardly raised questions of broader language-related societal inequality or discrimination.
Dynamics of HIV-1 Gag Processing as Revealed by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy and Single Virus Tracking

The viral polyprotein Gag plays a central role for HIV-1 assembly, release and maturation. Proteolytic processing of Gag by the viral protease is essential for the structural rearrangements that mark the transition from immature to mature, infectious viruses. The timing and kinetics of Gag processing are not fully understood. Here, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and single virus tracking are used to follow Gag processing in nascent HIV-1 particles in situ. Using a Gag polyprotein labelled internally with eCFP, we show that proteolytic release of the fluorophore from Gag is accompanied by an increase in its fluorescence lifetime. By tracking nascent virus particles in situ and analyzing the intensity and fluorescence lifetime of individual traces, we detect proteolytic cleavage of eCFP from Gag in a subset (6.5%) of viral particles. This suggests that for the majority of VLPs, Gag processing occurs with a delay after particle assembly.
Can Entrepreneurial Spirit Accelerate Local Agri-Food Consumption: A Mediation Moderation Analysis using Theory of Consumption Values

Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify the consumption values that drive the purchase intention of Agri-food products (AFP) produced by local entrepreneurs, and how their entrepreneurial spirit can moderate the interplay between values and purchase intention. A sample of 428 users of AFP was drawn to test the model comprising three consumption values with inclusion of trust as a mediator and entrepreneurial spirit as moderator of the relations between constructs. The model was tested using structural equation modeling. Only functional value has a significant influence on trust, whereas all three consumption values influence the purchase intention also trust partially mediated the relationship of consumption values and purchase intention. Entrepreneurial spirit moderates the association of purchase intention with emotional value and trust. The consumption value theory in the context of AFP produced by local entrepreneurs is unique to this study.