Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delayed diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus and perinatal outcomes in women with large for gestational age fetuses during the third trimester

Objective We evaluated the incidence of newly diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during the 3rd trimester in women with suspected large for gestational age (LGA) fetuses on ultrasound and assessed their perinatal outcomes. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed. Singleton pregnant women with suspected LGA on the 3rd trimester ultrasound and whose results of GDM screening at midpregnancy had been normal were enrolled. All participants were retested with 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) within 2 days after diagnosis of LGA. We compared perinatal outcomes between the newly diagnosed with GDM group and the non-GDM group. Results Among 169 pregnant women, 13% (23/169) were newly diagnosed with GDM. The women in the GDM group had a higher HbA1c level at diagnosis (5.8 vs. 5.3, P<0.01) and earlier gestational age at delivery (38.0 vs 38.9 weeks of gestation, P=0.003) than those in the non-GDM group. The rate of cesarean delivery (CD) was significantly higher in the GDM group than that in the non-GDM group (73.9%, vs. 49.3%, P=0.028) with similar proportions for the indications of CD except CD on maternal request (CDMR). The CDMR rate was higher in the GDM group than non-GDM group (41.2% vs. 23.6%) but it did not reach statistical significance. There were no significant differences in the obstetrical and neonatal complications between the two groups. Conclusion Among pregnant women with suspected LGA, 13% were newly diagnosed with GDM in late pregnancy. Nonetheless, there were no differences in the perinatal outcomes between women with newly diagnosed GDM and those without GDM. However, concerns over shoulder dystocia appear to increase CD rates in the GDM group.
Anti-TNF-α Therapy for Refractory Uveitis Associated with Behçet’s Syndrome and Sarcoidosis: A Single Center Study of 131 Patients

ABSTRACT Purpose The efficacy of infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) for treating Behçet’s syndrome (BS) and sarcoidosis has not been compared adequately. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients with uveitis diagnosed at Tokyo Medical University Hospital and compared the efficacy of IFX and ADA for BS and the efficacy of ADA for sarcoidosis and BS. Results 68 patients in IFX group and 63 patients in ADA group were analyzed. In BS patients, IFX and ADA were both effective in improving uveitic macular edema (UME). ADA improved UME in BS but not in sarcoidosis patients. The efficacy of ADA in reducing doses of corticosteroids and glaucoma medications was better in sarcoidosis than in the BS group. Conclusion Both IFX and ADA are efficacious in improving UME in BS patients. The reason that ADA improves UME better in BS than in sarcoidosis may be due to the difference in pathogenesis between these diseases.
Platelet Dysfunction and Thrombosis in JAK2V617F-Mutated Primary Myelofibrotic Mice

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: The risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as primary myelofibrosis varies depending on the type of key driving mutation (JAK2 [janus kinase 2], CALR [calreticulin], and MPL [myeloproliferative leukemia protein or thrombopoietin receptor]) and the accompanying mutations in other genes. In the current study, we sought to examine the propensity for thrombosis, as well as platelet activation properties in a mouse model of primary myelofibrosis induced by JAK2V617F (janus kinase 2 with valine to phenylalanine substitution on codon 617) mutation. Approach and Results: Vav1-hJAK2V617F transgenic mice show hallmarks of primary myelofibrosis, including significant megakaryocytosis and bone marrow fibrosis, with a moderate increase in red blood cells and platelet number. This mouse model was used to study responses to 2 models of vascular injury and to investigate platelet properties. Platelets derived from the mutated mice have reduced aggregation in response to collagen, reduced thrombus formation and thrombus size, as demonstrated using laser-induced or FeCl3-induced vascular injury models, and increased bleeding time. Strikingly, the mutated platelets had a significantly reduced number of dense granules, which could explain impaired ADP secretion upon platelet activation, and a diminished second wave of activation. Conclusions: Together, our study highlights for the first time the influence of a hyperactive JAK2 on platelet activation-induced ADP secretion and dense granule homeostasis, with consequent effects on platelet activation properties.
Evaluation of healthcare networks by nurses in the Family Health Strategy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the capacity of Primary Healthcare to coordinate healthcare networks. METHOD A cross-sectional, population-based and descriptive study developed in the State of Minas Gerais through interviews with nurses working in the Family Health Strategy Sector (FHS) of the Unified Health System, using the Network Coordination Assessment Tool for Primary Healthcare. A descriptive statistical analysis was applied by implementing Fisher's exact test, Spearman's correlation coefficient and cluster analysis. Type I error was fixed at 5% for statistical significance. RESULTS There were 49 nurses interviewed, evaluating the population and primary healthcare dimensions as excellent. Support, logistical, governance and overall assessment systems were classified as having good condition in the network coordination for Primary Healthcare. The dendograms showed that the work process has similarities between Nurses, as well as the structure between the municipalities. CONCLUSION Primary Healthcare has the ability to coordinate networks, constituting a process in which nurses have a central role. There were similarities in the work processes between evaluated municipalities and a deficit in information and pharmaceutical assistance systems.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Consumers’ Access to Essential Medicines in Nigeria

Abstract. COVID-19 is a global pandemic which has seriously impacted the economy of nations. Access to essential medicines is of utmost importance. This study examined the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ease of access to essential medicines by end users. A cross-sectional survey using electronic questionnaires was conducted on study participants across the 36 states of Nigeria. They were assessed on sociodemographics, health characteristics, and challenges in accessing essential medicines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20, IBM, Armonk, NY) with overall impact of the pandemic operationalized as < 60.0% or ≥ 60.0% access to essential medicines by respondents as maximal and minimal impact, respectively. The results showed that 35.2% of the respondents managing chronic illnesses had difficulties accessing essential medicines during the COVID-19 lockdown, with 84.0% experiencing deteriorating chronic health conditions in the light of difficulty in accessing their medicines. The proportion of respondents who sourced for orthodox medicines before COVID-19 lockdown (98.4%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of those who sourced for the same during the lockdown (89.0%). Increase in cost of medicines was observed by 77.7% of participants, with 73.9% of respondents living with chronic illness affirming that their income was negatively affected by the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic had minimal impact on consumers’ ability to access essential medicines. However, important challenges identified were poor availability of means of transportation, reduced income, and high cost of medicines, as well as fear of contracting the virus.
TNF‐α suppresses SHOX2 expression via NF‐κB signaling pathway and promotes intervertebral disc degeneration and related pain in a rat model

This study was conducted to verify the relative expression patterns of SHOX2 and its regulation by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) during the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). A rat disc‐degeneration model was subjected to disc puncture (DP) and intradiscal injections with TNF‐α to determine the roles of TNF‐α and SHOX2 expression in IVDD in vivo. TNF‐α and SHOX2 expression patterns in different degenerative rat nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effects of TNF‐α on IVDD were determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pain development of wet‐dog shakes (WDS) were blinded assessment by pain‐behavior testing, respectively. Changes in TNF‐α on SHOX2 expression were measured by Western blot analysis and real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The roles of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) in TNF‐α‐mediated SHOX2 activation were studied using viral transfection, Western blot analysis, and real‐time RT‐PCR. In vivo, TNF‐α accelerated the process of IVDD and suppressed SHOX2 expression; compared to the DP group, WDS was significantly increased in TNF‐α intradiscal injection group at 2 to 6 weeks after puncture (P < .05); In NP cells, TNF‐α negatively affected the IVDD‐associated SHOX2 suppression. While TNF‐α promotes IVDD through activation of both MAPK and NF‐κB signaling, it seemed that only NF‐κB signaling controlled the TNF‐α‐mediated SHOX2 suppression that is associated with IVDD. The results of this study indicated that TNF‐α inhibits SHOX2 expression and has promoted effects on IVDD in the rat model, and these effects might be associated with through NF‐κB signaling pathway and promotes IVDD and related pain in a rat model.
Development of a new type fish sauce using the soy sauce fermentation method

ホキ, ミナミマグロ, ヤリイカをミンチし, 加熱殺菌後, 麹菌, 食塩, 水, 乳酸菌を添加しもろみを調製した。 発酵中に酵母を添加し, 発酵調味料(魚醤油)を製造し, 6ヵ月間の熟成中の成分変化および最終品の品質について検討した。 新規発酵調味料のpHは4. 8a5. 0と穀醤油に近く, 全窒素分は1. 78a1.86%と従来の魚醤油(ニョク・マム)に近い値となった。 また, 遊離アミノ酸ではグルタミン酸, アラニン, ロイシン, リシンの量が多かった。 官能評価の結果, ニョク・マムを対照とした不快臭の強さは3種の試料すべてで低く, 従来の魚醤油の臭いが軽減された発酵調味料が得られた。 また, 味の面では塩かどがなく, まろやかなことが特徴であった。
Probability of Major Depression Classification Based on the SCID, CIDI, and MINI Diagnostic Interviews: A Synthesis of Three Individual Participant Data Meta-Analyses

Introduction: Three previous individual participant data meta-analyses (IPDMAs) reported that, compared to the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM (SCID), alternative reference standards, primarily the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), tended to misclassify major depression status, when controlling for depression symptom severity. However, there was an important lack of precision in the results. Objective: To compare the odds of the major depression classification based on the SCID, CIDI, and MINI. Methods: We included and standardized data from 3 IPDMA databases. For each IPDMA, separately, we fitted binomial generalized linear mixed models to compare the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of major depression classification, controlling for symptom severity and characteristics of participants, and the interaction between interview and symptom severity. Next, we synthesized results using a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects meta-analysis. Results: In total, 69,405 participants (7,574 [11%] with major depression) from 212 studies were included. Controlling for symptom severity and participant characteristics, the MINI (74 studies; 25,749 participants) classified major depression more often than the SCID (108 studies; 21,953 participants; aOR 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.92]). Classification odds for the CIDI (30 studies; 21,703 participants) and the SCID did not differ overall (aOR 1.19; 95% CI 0.79–1.75); however, as screening scores increased, the aOR increased less for the CIDI than the SCID (interaction aOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.52–0.80). Conclusions: Compared to the SCID, the MINI classified major depression more often. The odds of the depression classification with the CIDI increased less as symptom levels increased. Interpretation of research that uses diagnostic interviews to classify depression should consider the interview characteristics.
Development of electrophysiological and morphological properties of human embryonic stem cell-derived GABAergic interneurons at different times after transplantation into the mouse hippocampus

Transplantation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neural progenitors is a potential treatment for neurological disorders, but relatively little is known about the time course for human neuron maturation after transplantation and the emergence of morphological and electrophysiological properties. To address this gap, we transplanted hESC-derived human GABAergic interneuron progenitors into the mouse hippocampus, and then characterized their electrophysiological properties and dendritic arborizations after transplantation by means of ex vivo whole-cell patch clamp recording, followed by biocytin staining, confocal imaging and neuron reconstruction software. We asked whether particular electrophysiological and morphological properties showed maturation-dependent changes after transplantation. We also investigated whether the emergence of particular electrophysiological properties were linked to increased complexity of the dendritic arbors. Human neurons were classified into five distinct neuronal types (Type I-V), ranging from immature to mature fast-spiking interneurons. Hierarchical clustering of the dendritic morphology and Sholl analyses suggested four morphologically distinct classes (Class A-D), ranging from simple/immature to highly complex. Incorporating all of our data regardless of neuronal classification, we investigated whether any electrophysiological and morphological features correlated with time post-transplantation. This analysis demonstrated that both dendritic arbors and electrophysiological properties matured after transplantation.
High-Mobility Group Box-1 Is Associated With Obesity, Inflammation, and Subclinical Cardiovascular Risk Among Young Adults

Objective: We aimed to characterize circulating HMGB1 (high-mobility group box-1) levels, one of the better-characterized damage-associated molecular patterns, with respect to age, sex, and race in the general population, and investigate the longitudinal associations of HMGB1 with inflammatory markers, obesity, and preclinical markers of cardiovascular disease. Approach and Results: The analyses included 489 participants (50% Blacks, aged 24.6±3.3 years at the first visit) with up to 4 follow-up visits (1149 samples) over a maximum of 8.5 years. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and carotid intima-media thickness together with plasma HMGB1, hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), IFN-γ (interferon-γ), IL-6 (interleukin-6), IL-10 (interleukin-10), and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) were measured at each visit. At baseline, plasma HMGB1 concentrations were higher in Blacks compared with Whites (3.86 versus 3.20 ng/mL, P<0.001), and in females compared with males (3.75 versus 3.30 ng/mL, P=0.005). HMGB1 concentrations increased with age (P=0.007), and higher levels of obesity measures (P<0.001). Without adjustment for age, sex, race, and body mass index, HMGB1 concentrations were positively associated with hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (P<0.05) but not IL-10, IFN-γ or carotid intima-media thickness. After covariate adjustments, the associations of HMGB1 with hs-CRP, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity remained statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the age, sex, and race differences in circulating HMGB1. The increasing circulating concentrations of HMGB1 with age suggest a potential role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of chronic low-grade inflammation, obesity, and subclinical cardiovascular disease risk. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Molecular docking and simulation studies on SARS-CoV-2 Mpro reveals Mitoxantrone, Leucovorin, Birinapant, and Dynasore as potent drugs against COVID-19

Abstract The outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which began from Wuhan City, Hubei, China, and declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by World Health Organization (WHO) on 30th January 2020. The present study describes how the available drug candidates can be used as a potential SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies. Drug repurposing strategy is applied by using the library of antiviral and FDA approved drugs retrieved from the Selleckchem Inc. (Houston, TX, http://www.selleckchem.com) and DrugBank database respectively. Computational methods like molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used. The molecular docking calculations were performed using LeadIT FlexX software. The molecular dynamics simulations of 100 ns were performed to study conformational stability for all complex systems. Mitoxantrone and Leucovorin from FDA approved drug library and Birinapant and Dynasore from anti-viral drug libraries interact with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro at higher efficiency as a result of the improved steric and hydrophobic environment in the binding cavity to make stable complex. Also, the molecular dynamics simulations of 100 ns revealed the mean RMSD value of 2.25 Å for all the complex systems. This shows that lead compounds bound tightly within the Mpro cavity and thus having conformational stability. Glutamic acid (Glu166) of Mpro is a key residue to hold and form a stable complex of reported lead compounds by forming hydrogen bonds and salt bridge. Our findings suggest that Mitoxantrone, Leucovorin, Birinapant, and Dynasore represents potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
An integrative literature review of barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening among refugee women in the United States

Abstract Refugee women experience disproportionally high cervical cancer-related mortality. In this integrative review, we identify and discuss factors related to cervical cancer screening among refugee women in the US according to the Social Ecological Model. Two qualitative and three quantitative studies met inclusion criteria. Individual-level factors include English-language ability, availability, and individual knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Interpersonal-level factors include interactions with family/friends, provider, and community health worker. Community-, organization-, and policy-level factors include sociocultural values, transportation, ability to navigate the healthcare system, and health insurance. We discuss findings in the context of related reviews and applicability to other global settings.
Production, purification and partial characterization of lipase from Trichoderma Viride

oC and the fermentation pattern was studied. The maximum extracellular lipase activity of 7.3 U/mL and the maximum intracellular activity of 320 U/g mycelium were noted after 48 h. Although maximum fungal biomass was present at 13.6 g/L at 60 h but highest specific growth rate was observed between 6 and 18 h. The extracellular lipase present in the broth was purified 134-folds with an overall yield of 46% through purification procedure of ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. The Km value of the purified enzyme for triolein hydrolysis was found to be 1.229 m.mole/L.
Chemical composition of Hyptis suaveolens and Ocimum gratissimum hybrids from Nigeria

Four medicinal plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae were chemically screened for their chemical constituents including alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and phenols. The medicinal plants investigated were Hyptis suaveloens and three putative hybrids of Ocimum gratissimum (Hybrid A, B and C). All the plants contains high percentage yield of crude alkaloids and flavonoids ranging from 10.44 to 14.32% and 9.28 to 12.54%, respectively. Only H. suaveloens is devoid of saponins. Tannins and phenols were present in all plants. The nutritional values of the phytochemicals were also assessed with a view of establishing and understanding their nutritional uses. The plants contained crude protein (9.19 to 17.94%), crude fibre (4.88 to 9.04%), ash (5.68 to 6.88%), carbohydrate (66.24 to 75.87%), crude lipid (3.48 to 4.90%) and food energy (357.68 to 373.26 mg/cal). The significance of the plants in traditional medicine and the importance of the chemical constituents in the pharmaceutical industries were discussed.
Avaliação das características resistivas do sistema respiratório de indivíduos portadores de silicose pela técnica de oscilações forçadas

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o comportamento dos parâmetros resistivos obtidos por meio da tecnica de oscilacoes forcadas em pacientes portadores de diferentes graus de obstrucao respiratoria em decorrencia da silicose. METODOS: Foram analisados 40 individuos nao tabagistas, sendo 10 sadios, sem historia de doenca pulmonar e exposicao a silica, e 30 portadores de silicose. Os voluntarios foram examinados por meio da tecnica de oscilacoes forcadas e da espirometria, tecnica utilizada como referencia para se classificar os diferentes niveis de obstrucao. Desta classificacao resultou a separacao dos individuos em cinco grupos: controle (n = 10); normal ao exame, composto por individuos com laudo clinico e radiologico de silicose, porem normais ao exame espirometrico (n = 7); com obstrucao leve (n = 10); com obstrucao moderada (n = 8); e com obstrucao acentuada (n = 5). RESULTADOS: A reducao dos parâmetros espirometricos correspondeu a um significativo aumento na resistencia total do sistema respiratorio (p < 0,001), assim como na resistencia associada as vias aereas (p < 0,003). Foi tambem observada uma significativa reducao na homogeneidade do sistema respiratorio (p < 0,004). CONCLUSAO: As informacoes adicionais referentes as propriedades resistivas do sistema respiratorio, obtidas por meio da tecnica de oscilacoes forcadas, podem contribuir para a complementacao dos dados obtidos a partir de exames espirometricos em individuos portadores de silicose, o que ressalta o elevado potencial desta tecnica na analise desses pacientes.