Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Legislative Approximation and Application of EU Law in the Eastern Neighbourhood of the European Union : Towards a Common Regulatory Space?

1. Setting the Scene: Legislative Approximation and Application of EU Law in the Eastern Neighbourhood of the European Union, Peter Van Elsuwege and Roman Petrov Part 1: The Process of Legislative Approximation and Application of EU Law Beyond the EU Borders: Instruments and Mechanisms 2. Anatomy of EU Norm Export Towards the Neighbourhood: The Impact of Article 8 TEU, Christophe Hillion 3. Differentiating the Methods of Acquis Export: The Case of the Eastern Neighbourhood and Russia, Aaron Matta 4. The Issue of Values, Dimitry Kochenov 5. The EU-Ukraine Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area: A Coherent Mechanism for Legislative Approximation, Guillaume Van der Loo 6. Differentiated Integration and the Prospects of a Neighbourhood Economic Community between the EU and its Eastern Partners, Sieglind Gstohl 7. Between Dream and Reality: Challenges to the Legal Rapprochement of the Western Balkans, Adam Lazowski and Steven Blockmans Part 2: The Experience of Legislative Approximation and Application of EU Law in the EU's Eastern Neighbournhood: Country Reports 8. Legislative Approximation and Application of EU Law in Ukraine, Roman Petrov 9. Legislative Approximation and Application of EU Law in Moldova, Anna Khvorostiankina 10. Legislative Approximation and Application of EU Law in Georgia, Gaga Gabrichidze 11. Legislative Approximation and Application of EU Law in Armenia, Narine Ghazaryan and Anna Hokobyan 12. Legislative Approximation and Application of EU Law in Azerbaijan, Narine Gjazaryan 13. Legislative Approximation and Application of EU Law in Belarus, Maksim Karliuk 14. Legislative Approximation and Application of EU Law in Russia, Paul Kalinichenko 15. Concluding Remarks, Peter Van Elsuwege and Roman Petrov
Matched Sampling for Causal Effects: Contributor Acknowledgments

Part I. The Early Years and the Influence of William G. Cochran: 1. William G. Cochran's contributions to the design, analysis, and evaluation of observational studies 2. Controlling bias in observational studies: a review William G. Cochran Part II. Univariate Matching Methods and the Dangers of Regression Adjustment: 3. Matching to remove bias in observational studies 4. The use of matched sampling and regression adjustment to remove bias in observational studies 5. Assignment to treatment group on the basis of a covariate Part III. Basic Theory of Multivariate Matching: 6. Multivariate matching methods that are equal percent bias reducing, I: Some examples 7. Multivariate matching methods that are equal percent bias reducing, II: Maximums on bias reduction for fixed sample sizes 8. Using multivariate matched sampling and regression adjustment to control bias in observational studies 9. Bias reduction using Mahalanobis-metric matching Part IV. Fundamentals of Propensity Score Matching: 10. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects Paul R. Rosenbaum 11. Assessing sensitivity to an unobserved binary covariate in an observational study with binary outcome Paul R. Rosenbaum 12. Reducing bias in observational studies using subclassification on the propensity score Paul R. Rosenbaum 13. Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score Paul Rosenbaum 14. The bias due to incomplete matching Paul R. Rosenbaum Part V: Affinely Invariant Matching Methods with Ellipsoidally Symmetric Distributions, Theory and Methodology: 15. Affinely invariant matching methods with ellipsoidal distributions Neal Thomas 16. Characterizing the effect of matching using linear propensity score methods with normal distributions Neal Thomas 17. Matching using estimated propensity scores: relating theory to practice Neal Thomas 18. Combining propensity score matching with additional adjustments for prognostic covariates Part VI. Some Applied Contributions: 19. Causal inference in retrospective studies Paul Holland 20. The design of the New York school choice scholarships program evaluation Jennifer Hill and Neal Thomas 21. Estimating and using propensity scores with partially missing data Ralph D'Agostino Jr. 22. Using propensity scores to help design observational studies: application to the tobacco litigation Part VII. Some Focused Applications: 23. Criminality, aggression and intelligence in XYY and XXY men H. A. Witkin 24. Practical implications of modes of statistical inference for causal effects and the critical role of the assignment mechanism 25. In utero exposure to phenobarbital and intelligence deficits in adult men June Reinisch, Stephanie Sanders, and Erik Mortensen 26. Estimating causal effects from large data sets using propensity scores 27. On estimating the causal effects of DNR orders Martin McIntosh.
Organizing Individual and Collective Creativity: Flying in the Face of Creativity Clichés

The growing complexity of problems requires collective solutions to produce creative outcomes. Organizational theory on creativity has been extensively developed in recent decades, but two problematic issues remain. First, no current comprehensive model explains the development of collective creativity. Second, no empirical research has been conducted on the process of theory dissemination and its relevance within the managerial community. This paper provides evidence which can inform the design of collective creative projects within organizations, flying in the face of some managerial cliches. We design a research project which enables managerial sensemaking to emerge and which proposes a comprehensive approach to the design of team creativity. From a research design involving 24 managers and 98 eleven-person groups, results confirm that creativity is not only about creative genius, and design for creativity is not a matter of linear correlation but implies a more sophisticated and integrative approach according to which individual creative skills, team dynamics and organizational solutions interact with each other to produce a collective creative performance.
The Fallacy of 'Only the Strong Survive': The Effects of Extrinsic Motivation on the Persistence Decisions of Underperforming Firms

Under-performing firms persist even though existing theoretical perspectives indicate that they should be selected out of the market. Building upon threshold theory [Gimeno, J., Folta, T. , Cooper, A. , Woo, C. , 1997. Survival of the fittest? Entrepreneurial human capital and the persistence of underperforming firms. Administrative Science Quarterly 42, 750-783. ] and using Staw's [Staw, B.M. , 1981. The escalation of commitment to a course of action. Academy of Management Review 6 (4), 577-587. ] theoretical model of commitment to a course of action, we explore and test the factors that lead entrepreneurs to persist with under-performing firms. We found environmental munificence, personal investment, personal options, previous organizational success, and perceived collective efficacy impact the decision to persist with an under-performing firm. In addition, extrinsic motivation moderates those relationships. This research adds to the growing literature on highly persistent, under-performing firms and complements and extends threshold theory.
Framing Innovation in Public Service Sectors

1. Introduction: Framing Innovation in Public Service Sectors: A Contextual Approach Lars Fuglsang and Rolf Ronning 2. How Front-line Employees Nurture Service Innovation through Co-creation with their Customers: A Case Study of Public Health Care Jenny Karlsson, Per Skalen and Erik Sundstrom 3. Service Innovations for Enhancing Public Transit Services Heiko Gebauer, Mikael Johnson and Bo Enquist 4. User-Driven Innovation and the Role of the Citizen: A Citizen, a Customer, or a Human Being? Luise Li Langergaard 5. Value Innovations in Electricity Utilities Heiko Gebauer, Hagen Worch and Bernhard Truffer 6. Framing Innovation in Postal Services: Developing a Hybrid Organization Lars Fuglsang and Jorn Kjolseth Moller 7. Organizing for Innovation in the Public Sector Anne Marie Berg 8. Translating Client-Orientation through ICT Maria Rohnebaek 9. Collaborative Service Innovation in the Public Sector Johan Quist and Martin Fransson 10. Coevolution and Innovations in Governance - A Case Study of the New Public Service System for Electric Vehicles in Oslo Rannveig Roste 11. The Diffusion of Innovation: A Question of Power Rolf Ronning 12. Conclusion: Public Service Sector Innovation in Context Lars Fuglsang and Rolf Ronning
How expensive is the implementation of rural development programmes

This paper discusses the results of an evaluation of rural development (RD) programmes (RDPs) in five German states. It focuses on two issues: the relevance of implementation costs (ICs) in the context of RD policies and the development of a methodological approach to determine and consider them within evaluation studies. Two theories guide the discussion: (i) high ICs increase the overall cost of the programme and thus reduce the funding efficiency and (ii) high ICs increase the practical efficiency of programmes because they are associated with more targeted and more effective measures. The empirical results associated with this study support both of these theories in a number of respects. , Oxford University Press.
Residui fiscali regionali e riforma federalista. Quanto residuerà delle politiche regionali e redistributive

This paper criticizes the idea to conceive the fiscal federalist reform in Italy as a tool to empower central-northern regions to retain resources otherwise wasted in the South. We argue that such a view muddles up efficiency and redistribution issues, thus threatening the legitimate inter-regional fiscal flows. To dispute the thesis of excessive transfers to Mezzogiorno regions, we first show that the regional distribution of (both current and capital) government expenditure has systematically penalized the South in the last 15 years. Secondly, for the years 2004-2006, we calculate «benchmark» regional fiscal residua, consistent with the progressive Italian personal taxation (IRPEF), and the announced targets of regional policies (45% of total capital government expenditure to be made in the South). For most centre-northern regions, the actual residua turn out to be lower than the «benchmark» ones.
Sweating and Congestive Heart Failure

EXCESSIVE perspiration has been noted for a number of years to be one of the signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure in this clinic. As a matter of fact, it is so frequent that our standard cardiac clinic sheet lists increased sweating as one of the symptoms to be checked on the first visit. On the hospital ward it is particularly striking to see the moist, sweat-covered forehead of infants in a cool room or a cool oxygen tent. Aside from cystic fibrosis,1 2 3 sweating has received little comment in the literature, probably because of difficulty in accurately measuring sweating .
Valores y emociones en narraciones audiovisuales de ficción infantil

El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los valores y emociones que se transmiten en los programas televisivos preferidos de ninos y ninas de 8 a 12 anos, de acuerdo al tipo de estructura. Sobre la base del analisis del consumo mediatico referido por los participantes y sus progenitores, asi como los indices de audiencia de los programas de ficcion infantil, se seleccionaron dos series de ficcion televisiva para este grupo de edad («Doraemon» y «Codigo Lyoko», de estructura narrativa y no-narrativa respectivamente), y se llevo a cabo un analisis de contenido de 86 episodios que fue validado por acuerdo inter-jueces. Los resultados muestran que en ambos programas se exhiben una amplia gama de valores eticos y competenciales, sobre todo valores vitales, mientras que los valores esteticos y trascendentales apenas son representados. Por otra parte, en «Codigo Lyoko» tienen mayor presencia las emociones complejas y algunas emociones basicas (asombro, ira, alegria y miedo), sin embargo la tristeza aparece en mayor medida en «Doraemon». Destaca que el nivel de empatia representada en los personajes es bajo en ambas series, aunque ligeramente mas elevado en «Codigo Lyoko». La relevancia del estudio radica en el hecho de proveer un procedimiento util para medir la idoneidad de los contenidos mediaticos respecto a las caracteristicas psicologicas de la infancia, y contribuir a fundamentar con base solida los programas de competencia mediatica desde las primeras edades.
Versão portuguesa do CANE (Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly) : desenvolvimento e dados preliminares

THE PORTUGUESE VERSION OF THE CANE (CAMBERWELL ASSESSMENT OF NEED FOR THE ELDERLY): DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY DATA Needs assessment is now considered a crucial issue in clinical and research settings, no less than in what concerns mental health services planning, monitoring and evaluation. This obviously applies to services responsible for the elderly, whether patients present specific neuropsychiatric conditions or not. The Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly — CANE is a fundamental tool for the evaluation of older people particularly suited to those with psychiatric problems. It also allows a cross-evaluation by elderly users, family carers and staff. Adopting a multidimensional biopsychosocial framework, the CANE is applicable in community, home care and inpatient settings. It has been translated and cross-culturally validated in many countries in Europe and worldwide. The Portuguese version stemmed from the IV version of the English CANE and formal procedures were adopted in order to ensure its validity. The translation was done by a group of Portuguese psychiatrists with expertise in old age mental health. The accuracy of this translation was discussed in a larger multidisciplinary group (comprising psychiatrists, psychologists, mental health nurses and social workers), providing opinion on face and content validity. A back translation was subsequently checked and corrected by the authors in England. The resulting Portuguese version (2004) was then used in pilot studies, including this preliminary phase of an ongoing multicentre study. Some practical issues have been raised concerning acceptability of the CANE in routine clinical settings. Nevertheless, the acceptability of the Portuguese CANE was evident from the beginning of this study. In this preliminary phase, 21 elderly patients (mainly diagnosed dementia — 71,4%), were considered (Lisbon and Oporto). Mean age was 73,9 (± 6,3) years and 76,2% were female. Most patients lived at home and presented somatic comorbidity. Only one patient had no carer, all the others had family caregivers, mostly female. Raters identified significant needs, mainly concerning the following dimensions: household activities, food, daytime activities, memory, physical health, psychological distress, company and money. Sometimes, these were unmet needs. As expected, users, carers, staff and raters had some differing views regard-
Gene Expression Profiling of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells During Aspergillus Colonization of the Lung Allograft

Background Aspergillus colonization after lung transplant is associated with an increased risk of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). We hypothesized that gene expression during Aspergillus colonization could provide clues to CLAD pathogenesis. Methods We examined transcriptional profiles in 3- or 6-month surveillance bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell pellets from recipients with Aspergillus fumigatus colonization (n = 12) and without colonization (n = 10). Among the Aspergillus colonized, we also explored profiles in those who developed CLAD (n = 6) or remained CLAD-free (n = 6). Transcription profiles were assayed with the HG-U133 Plus 2.0 microarray (Affymetrix). Differential gene expression was based on an absolute fold difference of 2.0 or greater and unadjusted P value less than 0.05. We used NIH Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery for functional analyses, with false discovery rates less than 5% considered significant. Results Aspergillus colonization was associated with differential expression of 489 probe sets, representing 404 unique genes. “Defense response” genes and genes in the “cytokine-cytokine receptor” Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway were notably enriched in this list. Among Aspergillus colonized patients, CLAD development was associated with differential expression of 69 probe sets, representing 64 unique genes. This list was enriched for genes involved in “immune response” and “response to wounding”, among others. Notably, both chitinase 3-like-1 and chitotriosidase were associated with progression to CLAD. Conclusions Aspergillus colonization is associated with gene expression profiles related to defense responses including cytokine signaling. Epithelial wounding, as well as the innate immune response to chitin that is present in the fungal cell wall, may be key in the link between Aspergillus colonization and CLAD.
A Predictive Methodology for Delamination Growth in Laminated Composites Growth in Laminated Composites. Part 2. Analysis, Applications, and Accuracy Assessment

Abstract : A nonclassical, energy release rate-based approach to predict delamination growth is described that overcomes the limitations of current, state-of-the art methodologies. First, two- and three-dimensional crack-tip elements are-introduced. When a classical, singular field-based mode decomposition procedure is used, the crack-tip elements are shown to predict the same values of energy release rate and mode mixity as two- and three-dimensional continuum finite element analyses for a wide variety of geometries, materials, lay-ups and loadings, including stiffened-skin construction typical to that used in aircraft construction. However, the crack tip element (CTE) analyses are considerably simpler and require orders of magnitude less development and execution time. Next, it is demonstrated that the CTE analyses may also be used to decompose the total energy release rate into nonclassical mode I, II, and III components. This nonsingular field (NSF) decomposition may be used, along with toughness versus mode mix data obtained from unidirectional laminates with midplane delaminations, to predict delamination growth with considerably better accuracy than the classical, state-of-the-art approach. This is due to the fact that the near-tip damage zone is sufficiently large in polymeric matrix composites to invalidate the classical assumptions, whereas the NSF mode decomposition is constructed in a manner that is insensitive to the details of this local damage state. This is demonstrated by applying both the classical and CTE/NSF approaches to make delamination growth predictions in four different graphite-reinforced composites, with matrices that include an epoxy, a toughened epoxy, a thermoplastic interlayer toughened epoxy, and a thermoplastic. For this portion of the study, only flat plate geometries were considered.
Geographic Variation in Expenditures for Physicians' Services in the United States

Background The national volume-performance standard recently implemented by Medicare does not account for geographic variation in expenditures for physicians' services. To study this variation, we examined expenditures for physicians' services in all metropolitan areas in the United States. Methods We used Medicare claims data for 1989 to measure rates of service use for beneficiaries living in the 317 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). The variables investigated were rates of admission to the hospital, payments to physicians for inpatient care per admission and per beneficiary, payments to physicians for outpatient care per beneficiary, and overall payments to physicians per beneficiary. Expenditures were measured in terms of allowed charges as adjusted to reflect prevailing charges in each MSA. Rates of use were adjusted for age and sex, with the exception of the variable for payments to physicians for inpatient care per admission, which was adjusted for case mix. Results Expenditures for the d.
Case 2 – Trabectedin as a maintenance therapy in a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer and BRCA1 germline mutation

Treatment of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) is complex. This case report describes the effects of a sequence of treatments in a BRCA1 mutation carrier with serous papillary poorly differentiated, platinumsensitive ROC. This consisted in primary surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, secondary cytoreduction with Heated IntraPEritoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC), 12 cycles of trabectedin in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and 12 cycles of trabectedin alone, leading to complete radiological and biochemical
Business Cycles: Real Facts or Fallacies?

We contrast two alternative approaches to the analysis of price behaviour over the business cycle: the “stylized facts” methodology and econometric models. Using the “stylized facts” apparatus on United Kingdom and Norwegian data, we find that the relationships between wages and unemployment, are unstable over even short sample periods. We design two small wage—price models for the United Kingdom and Norway that appear constant, interpretable, data coherent and that can account for the instabilities of the “stylized facts” correlations. Simulation is used to show that even when underlying behaviour is constant, we can expect to observe quite different correlations of macroeconomic variables over the business cycle, hence we encompass the result of the “stylized facts” analysis. ∗Paper presented at the Symposium at the Centennial of Ragnar Frisch March 3-5,1995 Oslo. We would like to thank Sigbjørn A. Berg, Clive W. J. Granger, Kåre Johansen, Tor J. Klette, Bjørn Naug, Torsten Persson and Paul Søderlind for helpful comments, and participants at seminars given at University of Stockholm,University of Trondheim, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Bank of England, Central Bank of Norway, Norwegian School of Management and the 8th Nordic Symposium on Multivariate Cointegration Analysis. We would also like to thank an anonymous referee for detailed and helpful comments. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting those of the Bank of England or the Central Bank of Norway. The research was partly financed by SNF-project 2550.
Neural embeddings of scholarly periodicals reveal complex disciplinary organizations

Low-dimensional vector-space representations of academic periodicals reveal insights into their complex relationships. Understanding the structure of knowledge domains is one of the foundational challenges in the science of science. Here, we propose a neural embedding technique that leverages the information contained in the citation network to obtain continuous vector representations of scientific periodicals. We demonstrate that our periodical embeddings encode nuanced relationships between periodicals and the complex disciplinary and interdisciplinary structure of science, allowing us to make cross-disciplinary analogies between periodicals. Furthermore, we show that the embeddings capture meaningful “axes” that encompass knowledge domains, such as an axis from “soft” to “hard” sciences or from “social” to “biological” sciences, which allow us to quantitatively ground periodicals on a given dimension. By offering novel quantification in the science of science, our framework may, in turn, facilitate the study of how knowledge is created and organized.