Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effective to improve cognition and functionality after severe traumatic brain injury? A perspective article and hypothesis

Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is an important cause of disability and mortality and affects people of all ages. Current scientific evidence indicates that motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment are the main limiting factors in patients with sTBI. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) seems to be a good therapeutic option, but when it comes to patients with sTBI, the results are inconclusive, and some protocols have not yet been tested. In addition, there is still a lack of information on tDCS-related physiological mechanisms, especially during the acute phase. In the present study, based on current evidence on tDCS mechanisms of action, we hypothesized that performing tDCS sessions in individuals with sTBI, especially in the acute and subacute phases, together with conventional therapy sessions, could improve cognition and motor function in this population. This hypothesis presents a new possibility for treating sTBI, seeking to elucidate the extent to which early tDCS may affect long-term clinical outcomes.
Socially responsible investment practices and implementation approaches: A case study of listed extractive firms in Ghana

Abstract We explore the socially responsible investment practices and implementation approaches of some extractive listed firms through the lens of institutional theory. Using an interpretive case study approach with data collected from interviews, observations, and archival documents, over 10 months, we find that the SRI practices of the firms were in line with the SDGs. Furthermore, we reveal that the case firms’ choice of practices along the SDGs was because of the government’s drive for SRI practices in line with the SDGs. We also observe that the government-dominated case firm used its SRI practices to augment the developmental activities of the government. Finally, we show that alien to literature, a multinational company implements its SRI practices using the global approach, because of the pressure from its parent company. Our empirical findings possess the rigour expected from qualitative research. The empirical findings are credible, dependable, and confirmable. In ensuring credibility, the interviews were recorded. However, detailed notes were taken of the interviewees who refused to be recorded. The transcribed data were resent to the interviewees to ensure what they said was accurately captured. Recruiting qualified assistants to undertake some interviews, providing in-depth descriptions of the research method and the analysis of the findings from both the intra and cross-case perspective ensured that the findings are dependable. Finally, the use of semi-structured interviews where further clarity was sought when needed makes the empirical findings confirmable. Largely, our findings support the institutional theory, albeit with some deviations.
A new perspective on time pressure and creativity: Distinguishing employees' radical versus incremental creativity

The role of time pressure on individual employees' creativity remains ambiguous, with prior studies reporting positive, negative, and curvilinear relations. The present research aims to address this issue. Drawing from the attentional focus model, we (a) distinguish the consequences of time pressure for radical versus incremental creativity and (b) introduce external and internal knowledge scanning as distinct mediating mechanisms. Moreover, we cast employees' long‐range and short‐range planning as moderators of the indirect time pressure–creativity linkages. Time‐lagged data from 203 employees and their supervisors revealed that time pressure hampered employees' radical creativity by undermining their external scanning, with long‐range planning alleviating this negative indirect relationship. In contrast, we found an indirect, inverted U‐shaped linkage between time pressure and incremental creativity through internal scanning. Unexpectedly, this indirect relation was not contingent on employees' short‐range planning. These results offer a new theoretical perspective that helps to reconcile previous, seemingly contradictory findings on the relationship between time pressure and creativity. Moreover, our results offer practical implications for modern workplaces that require employees' creative contributions under conditions of time scarcity.
D EVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF PCR PRIMERS FOR DETECTING A MBYSTOMA TEXANUM ( SMALLMOUTH SALAMANDER ) FROM E DNA SAMPLES

— The smallmouth salamander ( Ambystoma texanum) is a widely distributed member of the family Ambystomatidae found throughout much of the central United States. We developed primers targeting a 147 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b region of the smallmouth salamander and tested these primers in silico , in vitro , and in vivo in laboratory-based studies. We believe these validated tools will be widely useful in the detection of A. texanum in breeding ponds, particularly in habitats where multiple species of Ambystoma occur.
Feeding Behavior, Growth Performance and Meat Quality Profile in Broiler Chickens Fed Multiple Levels of Xylooligosaccharides

Simple Summary In recent years, after the use of antibiotic growth promoters was banned, scientists began to pay attention to new feed additives that can replace the use of antibiotics to improve the growth performance of animals and maintain good health. However, it is unclear whether feeding broiler chickens with different levels of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) affects the feeding behavior, thereby affecting broiler growth performance, and whether the addition of XOS has an effect on meat quality. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of XOS supplementation on feeding behavior, growth performance, slaughter performance, and meat quality in broiler chickens. Abstract A total of 240 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly distributed to 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Chickens were fed with corn-soybean meal diet supplementation with additions of 0, 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg XOS for 42 days. At 4 weeks of age, the average feeding time was reduced in the 450 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05), and the percentage of feeding time was increased in the 300 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05). At 5 weeks of age, broilers fed with 300 mg/kg XOS had increased the percentage of feeding time (p < 0.05), and 450 mg/kg XOS had increased the feeding frequency and percentage of feeding time (p < 0.05). At 6 weeks of age, the feeding frequency was highest in the 450 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05). During 4 to 6 weeks of age, the average feeding time was increased in 300 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05), the frequency was improved in the 450 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05), and the percentage of feeding time was longer in the XOS group than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The average daily gain was improved during days 22–42 and days 1–42 in the 150 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05). Broilers fed with 300 mg/kg XOS had an increased eviscerated rate (p < 0.05). The pH45min of breast muscle was highest in the 450 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05), as well as the pH45min and pH24h of thigh muscle, which improved in the 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg XOS groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the cooking loss of thigh muscle was reduced in the 300 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with XOS had positive effects on the feeding behavior, growth performance, and meat quality of broiler chickens.
Earnings Quality : Evidence from the Field

We provide new insights into earnings quality from a survey of 169 CFOs of public companies and indepth interviews of 12 CFOs and two standard setters. Our key findings include (i) high-quality earnings are sustainable and are backed by actual cash flows; they also reflect consistent reporting choices over time and avoid long-term estimates; (ii) about 50% of earnings quality is driven by non-discretionary factors; (iii) about 20% of firms manage earnings to misrepresent economic performance, and for such firms 10% of EPS is typically managed; (iv) CFOs believe that earnings manipulation is hard to unravel from the outside but suggest a number of red flags to identify managed earnings; and (v) CFOs disagree with the direction the FASB is headed on a number of issues including the sheer number of promulgated rules, the top-down approach to rule-making, the de-emphasis of the matching principle, and the overemphasis of fair value accounting. CFOs lament that a rules-based culture makes the audit function centralized and mechanical, and stunts the development of audit professionals. We acknowledge excellent research assistance by Mengyao Cheng, Jivas Chakravarthy and Stephen Deason. We appreciate written comments on an earlier version of the paper from Vic Anand, Sudipta Basu, Mark Nelson, Paul Healy, Urton Anderson and especially Pat O’Brien, Terry Shevlin, Michelle Hanlon, and Jerry Zimmerman. We thank workshop participants at Texas A&M University, Cornell University, Harvard Business School, Wharton, University of Technology – Sydney, University of Melbourne, Virginia Commonwealth University, Stanford Summer Camp, Temple University, Ohio State University, Indian School of Business, Minnesota Financial Accounting Conference and the 2012 AAA Doctoral Consortium. We acknowledge helpful comments on a preliminary version of the survey instrument from workshop participants at Emory University and from Bob Bowen, Dave Burgstahler, Brian Bushee, Dan Collins, John Core, Patty Dechow, Mark DeFond, Jennifer Francis, Weili Ge, Jeff Hales, Michelle Hanlon, Gary Hecht, Kathryn Kadous, Mark Lang, Russ Lundholm, Mark Nelson, Stephen Penman, Kathy Petroni, Grace Pownall, Cathy Schrand, Terry Shevlin, Shyam Sunder, Terry Warfield, Ross Watts, Greg Waymire, Joe Weber and Jerry Zimmerman, and two anonymous standard-setters. We thank Dean Larry Benveniste and Trevor Harris for arranging interviews. We are grateful for CFO magazine’s help in this project, though the views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of CFO. Finally, we thank David Walonick and Statpac, Inc. for timely and dedicated work in coding and delivering the survey.
From Language Learning Media to Representing Turkish Culture: Cultural Content in Turkish Language Textbooks

Language has a close relationship with culture, so that language learning often uses cultural content as a learning medium. Therefore this study aims to analyze the cultural content in textbooks for learning Turkish and its relation as a medium of learning between Turkish languages. This study is qualitative research with a literature study approach. The source of the data in this study was the textbook for learning Turkish, namely "Istanbul Yabancılar İçin Türkçe Ders Kitabı". Data were collected by observing the content in the book. The data obtained were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman qualitative analysis model: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The findings in this study lead to the conclusion that cultural content is a crucial and inseparable part of the substance of the book "Istanbul Yabancılar İçin Türkçe Ders Kitabı" as a Turkish language textbook. At this level, the cultural content has two functions at once: bridging understanding related to Turkish grammar and representing the cultural identity of the Turkish people to international students.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Melalui Model Pembelajaran Index Card Match Pada Materi Geometri Di Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Peusangan Siblah Krueng

Salah satu penyebab rendahnya kemampuan komunikasi matematika siswa selama ini adalah kebiasaan guru melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode ceramah. Kemudian memberikan soal-soal latihan sehingga menyebabkan siswa tidak dapat mengungkapkan ide dan gagasannya dalam wujud lisan dan tulisan. Ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa dengan model pembelajaran index card match pada materi geometri di Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Peusangan Siblah Krueng lebih baik dari pada siswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Jenis penelitian eksperimen, dengan rancangan pretest-postest control group design. Sampel terdiri 2 kelas siswa X SMA, dengan hasil tes sebagai data penelitian. Setelah di analisis, di peroleh dk = (n1 + n2 – 2) = (21+21-2) = 40. Dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05 dan derajat kebebasan 40, dari tabel distribusi diperoleh ( )( ) , maka , yaitu , sehingga H0 : kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa melalui model pembelajaran Index Card Match sama dengan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa melalui model pembelajaran konvensional ditolak. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa melalui model pembelajaran Index Card Match lebih baik daripada kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa melalui model pembelajaran konvensional pada materi Geometri di kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Peusangan Siblah Krueng.
Ankle Strategies for Step-Aside Movement during Straight Walking

The step-aside movement, also known as the dodging step, is a common maneuver for avoiding obstacles while walking. However, differences in neural control mechanisms and ankle strategies compared to straight walking can pose a risk of falling. This study aimed to examine the differences in tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), and soleus (SOL) muscle contractions, foot center of pressure (CoP) displacement, and ground reaction force (GRF) generation between step-aside movement and straight walking to understand the mechanism behind step-aside movement during walking. Twenty healthy young male participants performed straight walking and step-aside movements at comfortable walking speeds. The participants’ muscle contractions, CoP displacement, and GRF were measured. The results show significant greater bilateral ankle muscle contractions during the push and loading phases of step-aside movement than during straight walking. Moreover, the CoP displacement, GRF generation mechanism, and timing differed from those observed during straight walking. These findings provide valuable insights for rehabilitation professionals in the development of clinical decisions for populations at a risk of falls and lacking gait stability.
A test of the habitat suitability model for Merriam's wild turkeys

An important research area regarding the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is development of sound habitat models. Habitat models provide standardized methods to quantify wild turkey habitat and stimulate new research hypotheses. Habitat suitability index (HSI) models show species-habitat relationships on a scale of O-l, with 1 being optimum. A proposed HSI model for Merriam’s turkeys (M. g. merriami) was applied to data we collected at Merriam’s turkey locations and random sites in the Black Hills, South Dakota. We tested this model, assuming that if all available habitats were suitable for turkeys, HSIs of random sites should not exceed those of turkey locations. Several variables and one component of the proposed model had higher HSIs from random sites than from turkey locations. The overall HSI from the Lindzey-Suchy (L-S) model suggested low habitat suitability for an area with an abundant and productive turkey population. We propose a revised HSI model that contains winter and summer brood components. Optimum values for some variables of our model are similar to those from other subspecies of wild turkeys.
Body Mass Index during Gluten-Free Diet in Patients with Celiac Disease

The association of clinical variables with body mass index (BMI) and changes experienced during a gluten-free diet (GFD) in celiac disease (CD) is not well established. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to investigate factors aligned with baseline and a follow-up regarding BMI in CD cases diagnosed at the University of Pécs (Hungary). Data were collected regarding gender, age, clinical presentation, histology, serology, extraintestinal manifestations, and BMI upon diagnosis and during follow-up. To compare variables with baseline BMI and BMI changes in short-, intermediate-, and long-term periods, we applied univariate analyses. A total of 192 CD patients were included. Males had significantly higher mean BMI when compared with females at diagnosis (22.9 ± 4.1 vs. 21.4 ± 4.3 kg/m2, p = 0.041) and during follow-up (p = 0.031, p = 0.029, and p = 0.033 for short-, intermediate-, and long-term follow-ups, respectively). Non-classical CD patients experienced higher mean BMI at diagnosis (22.9 ± 4.0 vs. 20.7 ± 4.4 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and following long-term follow-up (24.5 ± 3.2 vs. 22.6 ± 3.4 kg/m2, p = 0.039) than classical patients. In conclusion, although the mean BMI remained in the normal range, it increased significantly during follow-up, even at the short-term follow-up. This change was characteristic for non-classical cases and males on the long-term follow-ups.
Comparison of two joint-preserving treatments for osteonecrosis of the femoral head: core decompression and core decompression with additional cancellous bone grafting

Objective Femoral head necrosis (FHN) affects mostly young and active people. The most common operative therapy is core decompression (CD) with optional cancellous bone grafting (CBG). Because little information is available on the long-term results of these procedures, we investigated the effectiveness of CD and CD + CBG in patients with ARCO stage II FHN in terms of postoperative pain, range of motion, patient-reported outcome measures (Harris Hip Score, Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, EuroQol 5D, and Short Form 36 Questionnaire), and disease progression. Methods We retrospectively compared 11 patients treated with CD alone 48.0 months (range, 26.3–68.5 months) postoperatively versus 11 patients treated with CD + CBG 69.2 months (range, 38.0–92.9 months) postoperatively. All patients were assessed according to a routine clinical protocol involving a clinical examination, questionnaires, and radiological imaging (X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging). Results The clinical and radiological results showed no significant differences between the two groups. Both interventions demonstrated equal results according to clinical scores. Conclusions Our data may encourage application of the less invasive technique of CD alone without CBG, which is more surgically demanding. Further prospective studies with longer follow-up are necessary to clarify the risk factors for therapy failure.
Profiles of colour, minerals, amino acids and fatty acids of musculus longissimus thoracis et lumborum of Ghungroo pigs

Carcass composition and meat quality were evaluated in Ghungroo, the first registered indigenous pig breed of India. Ghungroo pigs (16 gilts and 26 barrows) were slaughtered at the age of 10 months for evaluating the different parameters. Instrumental colour measurement indicated that the coordinates were in the following range: lightness (L*), 39.17 - 57.39; redness (a*, red ± green), 8.37 - 14.21; and yellowness (b*, yellow ± blue), 13.08 - 18.17. Haem iron content was significantly higher in barrows compared to gilts. The mineral contents in the musculus (M.) longissimus thoracis et lumborum were in the following range: potassium, 289 – 349 mg/100g; zinc, 0.58 – 0.91 mg/100g; copper, 0.13 – 0.17 mg/100g; manganese, 0.05 –0.06 mg/100g and magnesium, 4.72 –7.37 mg/ 100g. Significant differences were not observed in the concentration of any of the estimated amino acids between the sexes. Fatty acid profiling of M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum indicated that saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were in the range of 32.17 - 41.19% and 58.98 - 68.15%, respectively. Results further indicated a concentration of 0.88 – 1.73% omega-3 fatty acids; 19.95 - 27.23% omega-6 fatty acids and 14.52 - 23.47% essential fatty acids in the Ghungroo muscle tissues.
Host genetic backgrounds: the key to determining parasite-host adaptation

Parasitic diseases pose a significant threat to global public health, particularly in developing countries. Host genetic factors play a crucial role in determining susceptibility and resistance to infection. Recent advances in molecular and biological technologies have enabled significant breakthroughs in understanding the impact of host genes on parasite adaptation. In this comprehensive review, we analyze the host genetic factors that influence parasite adaptation, including hormones, nitric oxide, immune cells, cytokine gene polymorphisms, parasite-specific receptors, and metabolites. We also establish an interactive network to better illustrate the complex relationship between host genetic factors and parasite-host adaptation. Additionally, we discuss future directions and collaborative research priorities in the parasite-host adaptation field, including investigating the impact of host genes on the microbiome, developing more sophisticated models, identifying and characterizing parasite-specific receptors, utilizing patient-derived sera as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, and developing novel treatments and management strategies targeting specific host genetic factors. This review highlights the need for a comprehensive and systematic approach to investigating the underlying mechanisms of parasite-host adaptation, which requires interdisciplinary collaborations among biologists, geneticists, immunologists, and clinicians. By deepening our understanding of the complex interactions between host genetics and parasite adaptation, we can develop more effective and targeted interventions to prevent and treat parasitic diseases. Overall, this review provides a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians working in the parasitology field and offers insights into the future directions of this critical research area.