Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mobile Technology As a Disruptive Innovation on Shopping Malls Rental Space: Case Study From Kenya

Mobile technology innovations have given businesses the rich of information access and the wider value chain reach. The case study was carried out at Sarit Centre Malls in Nairobi Kenya. The objectives of the case study included: to investigate how reducing cost of mobile technology affect demand for rental space in shopping malls; to establish how perceived usefulness of mobile technology affect demand for rental space in shopping malls; and to analyse how perceived ease of use of mobile technology affect demand for rental space in shopping malls. This case study adopted descriptive research design focusing on business managers from 126 businesses. A representative sample of 92 respondents was selected. The study also revealed that the usability aspects such as learnability, memorability of operating procedures that enhance human interaction in mobile technology has led to reduced demand for display and exhibition space in malls and over the counter transactions. The case study reveals further that lower information cost in mobile applications, invidualised perception of services has led to adoption of mobile transactions as a preferred means of business for previous mall customers. The study recommends that business owners in the physical malls can gain more value proposition if they offer virtual malls that can be accessed via mobile applications. There is also a 1 Corresponding author’s email: ekaranja@spu.ac. ke International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics Vol. 3, No. 12, December, 2016 ISSN 2383-2126 (Online) © Authors, All Rights Reserved www.ijmae. com 765 need to integrate suitable mobile technology innovation in business models for competitive advantage.
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to Monitor the Labeling Process Stability and Identify Derivatives during the Preparation of 188 Re-MN-16ET: A Radiopharmaceutical for Hepatoma

The labeling process stability of a radiopharmaceutical, radio isotope rhenium-labeled N -[2-mercaptoethyl]- 3-aza-19-ethyloxycarbonyl-3-[2-mercaptoethyl] octadecanoate ( 188 Re-MN-16ET) for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from its precursor, triphenylmethyl (Ph 3 C-) group protected-MN-16ET with 188 ReO 4- was surveyed and identified the derivatives from both reactant and product. After incubation for various specified periods of up to 6 h under various labeling reaction conditions, including acetic acid or mixed with normal saline, room temperature or a reaction temperature of 100°C, and the radiolytic effect of Re-188, the levels of protected-MN-16ET and Re-MN-16ET in solutions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC- MS/MS) to study the impacts of the labeling process on their structural stabilities and the derivatives that arise from decomposition when preparing 188 Re-MN-16ET from stock solution. This information is the key to determine whether 188 Re-MN-16ET is structurally accurate and suitable for its intended use. The results showed that the major factor that impacts the structural stability of the product, Re-MN-16ET, is 188 ReO 4- ; however, a thermal (100°C) effect on the precursor, protected-MN-16ET, was also observed. After 1 h incubation with 188 ReO 4- (100°C), the abundances of Re-MN-16ET and protected-MN-16ET were reduced by approximately 15% and 25%, respectively. The major decomposition products were Re-MN-16COOH and intra-molecular disulfide derivative. Moreover, the auto-radiolysis effect of Re-188 (60 mCi) on 188 Re-MN-16ET was not clearly observable until 140 h. On the other hand, a stability study of Re-MN-16ET in plasma showed that 8% remained after incubation for 1 h; the metabolite was Re-MN-16COOH, which is identical to the hepatic bio-transformed product.
An Analysis to Visualize Influence of Global Warming on Wheat Grain Quality with High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits at

Plant reproductive development is dependent on successful pollen-pistil interactions. The high degree of specificity in pollen-pistil interactions and the precision of directional pollen tube growth suggest that signals are continually being exchanged between pollen/pollen tubes and cells of the pistil which line their path. However, with few exceptions, little is known about the genes that control these interactions. In this investigation, we performed genome-wide transcriptional profiling of pistil tissues of Gametophytic factor1-Strong (Ga1-S) genotype maize at 5 hours after pollination (5 HAP) with Ga1-S pollen and ga1 pollen, respectively , in an attempt to isolate genes involved in pollen tube elongation in maize pistils, using the Solexa deep sequencing technology. The results of this study suggest that the regulations of reinforcing, modifying, or remodeling the structure of the transmitting tract and the pollen tube tip play a critical role in pollen-pistil interactions during pollen tube elongation in maize pistils, and the inhibition of these functions may be the molecular mechanism that how Ga1-S gene present in style tissue completely prevents ga1 pollen from accomplishing fertilization.
Age Differences in Health-Related Physical Fitness among Primary School Boys in Okwuato , Aboh Mbaise of Imo State , Nigeria : Implications for Health and Physical Education in the UBE Program

Health-related physical fitness of 64 10-year and 64 11-year old randomly selected primary school boys in Okwuato, Aboh Mbaise of Imo State, Nigeria was assessed using the modified Army Physical Fitness Test and the Eurofit Battery of Fitness Test. Five test items of pull-ups, push-ups, sit-ups, sit-and-reach and 1.6km run-walk were used to determine the health-related physical fitness of the boys. Means, standard deviations and t-test statistics were used in the data analysis. Results showed muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility of the 11-year old boys differed from those of the 10-year old boys and the differences were significant (p < .05), except for push-ups and sit-ups. The 10-year old boys had a better cardiorespiratory endurance index (10-year old, M = 7.98; 11-year old, M = 6.75) as measured from the 1.6km run-walk than the 11-year olds, but the difference was not significant. However, the health-related physical fitness scores of the pupils fell short of existing health-related physical fitness scores of their contemporaries in both developed and developing countries. Since health-related fitness scores of the boys are lower than those of their contemporaries elsewhere, primary school Physical and Health Education (PHE) curriculum planners are challenged to re-examine the PHE curriculum so as to include activities that might aid primary school pupils improve on their strength and endurance, among others, in the UBE program. It is suggested that high fitness levels should be the goal of every primary school in the UBE program. Age Differences in Health-Related Physical Fitness among Primary School Boys in Okwuato, Aboh Mbaise of Imo State, Nigeria: Implications for Health and Physical Education in the
The Impact of Ownership Structure on Dividend Policy the Evidence from Saudi Arabia

This paper aims at providing the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the ownership structure and dividend payout policy. Our sample incorporates 100 firms listed on the Saudi Stock Market (Tadawul) over a four-year period from 2012 to 2015. Our results show that the presence of managerial ownership increase the distribution of dividends which constitutes a tool of management control. Our results also indicate the existence of a negative correlation between family ownership and the level of dividend distribution supporting the agency theory. However, the increasing ownership of Saudi institutional investors reduces in general the need for high dividend payouts, which may be due to their efficient monitoring on the firms’ management. The paper supports the fact that ownership structure is relevant in determining the dividend policy. ___________________________________________________________________________
Significance of Entrepreneurship? A Appraisal of Recent Research

This paper investigates the degree of current empi rical evidence that can communally and systematica lly authenticate the claim that entrepreneurship has im portant economic value. A systematic assessment is provided that can answer the contribution of entrepreneurs to the economy in contrast to non-entrepreneurs? We study the comparative contribution of entrepreneurs to the ec onomy based on four measures that have most widely been studied empirically. Hence, we answer the question: What is the contribution of entrepreneurs to (i) e mployment creation and dynamics, (ii) innovativeness and (iii ) productivity and growth, relative to the contribu tions of the entrepreneurs’ counterparts, i.e. the ‘control grou p’? A fourth type of contribution studied is the ro le of entrepreneurship in escalating individuals’ effecti veness levels. 57 recent studies of high quality th at contain 87 relevant separate analyses, were referred to concl ude that entrepreneurs have a very important – but specific – purpose in the economy that they bring about relat iv ly much employment creation, productivity growth and produce and commercialize towering quality innovati ons. They are more satisfied than employees. More importantly, recent studies show that entrepreneuri al firms produce important externalities that affec t regional employment growth rates of all companies in the reg ion in the long run. However, the counterparts cann ot be ignored either as they contribute to a relatively h igh value of GDP, a less unpredictable and more she ltered labor market, higher paid jobs and a greater number of in novations or they have a more dynamic role in the a doption of innovations.
Comparative Evaluation of Intrathecal Administration of Plain Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Surgeries

Background: Central neuraxial blockade techniques are the most common and popular ones among various regional anesthetic techniques. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of Bupivacaine 0.5% plain and Ropivacaine 0.5% plain through subarachnoid block for lower limb orthopedic surgeries. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to compare the quality and duration of anesthesia and analgesia provided by Bupivacaine 0.5% plain and Ropivacaine 0.5% plain for subarachnoid block in lower limb orthopedic surgeries. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in a prospective randomized manner on 50 patients of ASA Grade I and II patients in the age group of 20–50 years scheduled to undergo elective lower limb orthopedic surgeries. Result: In our study, we found that no significant difference was found in onset and duration of sensory blockade between two groups. However, motor blockade was found of lesser duration with ropivacaine as compared to bupivacaine when used intrathecally. Furthermore, ropivacaine provided better hemodynamic stability. Conclusion: We conclude that ropivacaine is a better alternative to bupivacaine when used intrathecally as it provides less duration of motor blockade and more hemodynamic stability.
Study comparison of diagnostic methods for Tuberculosis Patients in Iraq

The study included one hundred –sixty nine (169) samples of patients that attended to Specialized Chest and Respiratory Disease Center/ National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis (NRL) in Baghdad. In the period from 1/10/20121/8/2013. These samples included (147) sputum samples of pulmonary TB patients and (22) Extra-pulmonary samples. Most of the subjected cases(169)in the study had belonged to the age group(25-34) years with percentage (28.99%), while the lowest recorded age group was observed in (5-14) years with percentage (0.59%), without statistically significant (p=0.9222, p>0.05). The pulmonary TB samples included (112) samples that belonged to re-treated patients (old case), and (35) samples belonged to new patients. Eighty-eight (88) samples (66 of sputum with 22 Extrapulmonary TB samples) had been comparatively investigated by different laboratory diagnostic methods, after cultivation on solid media by using (LowensteinJensen media), sputum isolates were taken only from positive cultured on L-J samples as standard and to complete other identifications on isolates; First step was the staining using (ZhielNelseen method), In addition to cultivation in liquid media Middle Brook 7H9 in MGIT tube of advanced technology in liquid culture (Bactec MIGT 960 instrument) and by using molecular assay (Gene Xpert MTB/RIF) that achieved the highest percentage of detection rate which were (97.14%) in pulmonary TB samples and (90.91%) in Extra-pulmonary TB samples, while the lowest detection rate were by using staining (53.03%) in pulmonary TB samples and (9.09%) in Extra-pulmonary TB samples. The Bactec MGIT 960 detection rate in pulmonary TB (86.36%) were also higher than Extra-pulmonary (50%). Statistically there were significant differences among the results in pulmonary samples (pvalue=0.000002671,p<0.05). There were only six samples among 22 Extra-pulmonary samples that showed growth on solid media (L-J) media (27.27%) , and no one exposed growth on(Stone-brink) pyruvate media. For identification and typing of acid fast bacilli, six biochemical typing tests were used in the study ; growth on stone-brink medium . growth on Para-nitro benzoic acid medium (PNB), growth on Thiophene -2-Carboxyl acid hydrazine (TCH)medium, Catalase test, Niacin test, and Nitrate reduction. These tests showed the high percentage of strains belongs to M.tuberculosis (90.90%) , and (9.09%) represent the percentage of non agreed results with M.tuberculosis.
Amelioration of The Adverse Effects of Salinity Stress By Using Compost, Nigella Sativa Extract or Ascorbic Acid in Quinoa Plants

Compost can enhance water holding capacity and fertility of soil and thus increase soil water availability and nutrient uptake by plants, but it is not clear whether it can also improve the ability of plants to recover after salinity stress. Quinoa plant was grown in soil with or without compost either with foliar spray Nigella sativa extract (25 & 50%) or ascorbic acid (200 mg/l). Irrigation plant with saline water with different concentrations (0.0, 4000 and 8000 mg/l). Salinity stress led to decreases in growth parameters, yield components, photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrate constituents. Meanwhile, salinity caused significant increases in some osmoprotectants as (free amino acids and proline) and some antioxidant enzyme activities. The cultivation of quinoa plant in the presence of compost and either ascorbic acid or Nigella sativa extract led to increases in growth parameters, yield components, photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrate constituents. More accumulation of the tested organic solutes of leaves (TSS, free amino acids and proline) and antioxidant enzyme activities. As a conclusion, , the nutritional values of the yielded seeds of quinoa were improved when cultivated in the presence of compost and sprayed with 25% of Nigella sativa extract.
The effect of remittances on female hours of work in Jamaica

Jamaica has had substantial levels of remittance transfers in recent years; this paper looks at whether these funds correlate with changes in labor market activities of married women. In this article, we use the Jamaica labor force and the living conditions surveys to do a household level cross-sectional labor supply study. In 2006, the Jamaica Statistical Institute conducted a special module on remittances, incorporating detailed questions on both cash and in-kind remittances, which is why we focus on the year 2006 in our analyses. Our findings for the spouse of the head of the family changes based on the type of modeling approach we take, with estimates of wage elasticity ranging widely but remaining positive. The remittance effect is not significant across all procedures. It appears after controlling for various effects on hours of work that remittance receipts do not influence the labor market activities of wives in Jamaican households.
DISTRIBUTION OF SOME ALLELES IN HUMAN DNASE 1 GENE FOR A SAMPLE OF IRAQI POPULATION

The deoxyribonuclease 1, designated as DNASE1 gene in which it has, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), considers as a valuable marker in clinical investigation and genetic. Genotyping of the DNASE1 alleles polymorphisms within the DNASE 1 gene was performed in a sample of Iraqi population. In this study, the identification of the fourth alleles of DNASE1 gene using polymerase chain reaction . The results clarified the distribution of the four alleles of DNASE1 gene and demonstrates that there is a certain genetic heterogeneity in the samples, Furthermore, the DNASEl*1 allele was found to be the most predominant (65%) among the samples (100%), with molecular base (261 bps), 430 bps for DNASE1*3, and 139bp for DNASE1*2 and *4. The DNASE l*4 allele can be distinguished from the DNASE l*2 allele by PCR-RFLP based on a G-C transversion in exon 1 of the gene. The result showed that seven samples(7%) among twenty two (22%)of human DNA appeared positive result when digested with XhoI enzyme with a band of116 bp which is related to DNASE1*4 ,while fifteen samples showed negative result with a band of 139 bp which is related to DNASE1*2.
REVIEW ON GENERIC OBJECT RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Recognizing objects automatically from an image is a fundamental step for many real-world computer vision applications. It is the task of identifying an instance of object in an image or video sequence without or least human intervention and assistance. In-spite of very high complexity, human beings perform this task with very less effort and even in the state of least attention. Little effort is needed for the humans to recognize huge number of and various categories of objects in images, though ‘object’ in the image may be different with respect to size / scale, viewpoint, position or orientation. We are even able to recognize the objects from an image, when they are only partially visible or present against cluttered background. Not only this, the recognition can be for specific instance of object or object category/class. When the task is done for classes of the object it is known as Generic object recognition or object-class detection or category-level object recognition. It has been found that over the years many techniques have evolved for recognizing object classes from images, but any automated object recognition system till date has not gained this capability fully at par with human beings. This very fact makes recognition of objects from an image, the most basic and fundamental challenge in the field of computer vision research. The purpose of this study is to give an overview and categorization of the approaches used in the literature for the purpose of Generic Object Recognition and various technical advancements achieved
A SURVEY ON WEED DIVERSITY IN COFFEE ESTATES WITH PROLONGED USE OF GLYPHOSATE IN KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA

A weeds survey was conducted in ten different coffee estates in the main coffee growing zones within Kiambu County in the central highlands of Kenya covering different elevations and agro ecological zones of UM1, UM2 and UM3. These estates are characterized by prolonged use of glyphosate for weed control. The aim was to identify the most common and prevalent weeds associated with coffee during the months of November and December 2014. Fields surveyed were done according to the quantitative survey method by using 1.0 m x 1.0 m size quadrat with ten (10) farms representing ten sampling sites. Out of seventy-eight farms, fourty eight farms were established be managed under a routine weed management program. Weeds present in each field were identified and counted by species. The data was used to calculate the frequency, field uniformity, density and relative abundance values for each species. Tables were used to summarise the classifications and quantitative calculations. A total of 47 different weed species including 31 annuals and 16 perennials which comprised of 39 broadleaved weeds 7 grasses and 1 sedge were established. On the basis of relative abundance, the most prevalent and abundant weed species was selected to thereafter determine the tolerance to glyphosate herbicide. Bidens pilosa L (black jack) was found to be the most abundant weed species. Based on relative abundance, the results indicated that annuals were more dominant than perennials. Regular survey is needed to identify possible problematic weeds and weed population shifts to direct research and improve control measures.
Standardization of pegagan extract (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) based on siaticoside content using TLCdensitometricmethod

In assuring people consuming herbal products of high standard and reliable quality, a standardization process was performed on an Indonesian herb namely pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) from Kaliurang, Boyolali, and Tawangmangu regions emphasizing on asiaticoside contents as its active constituent. Process of standardization was initiated by searching the best solvent for extraction. Water, ethanol 30%, 50%, and 70% were used for maceration of the herb. Asiaticoside contents were then determined by TLC-densitometry. The result of research showed that ethanol 70 % could dissolve highest concentration of asiaticoside from pegagan herb so it was then used for larger scale extraction of three different plant materials. TLC-densitometric data showed that asiaticoside contents of pegagan herb originally from Kaliurang were 0.98 ± 0.13. %, Boyolali were 1.34 ± 0.20. %, and Tawangmangu were 0.21 ± 0.3 %. Key words: Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, asiaticoside, TLC-densitometry
Molecular Identification of JC Virus in Blood Samples of Iraqi Patients Diagnosed Clinically and Radiologically as having PML

Background: John Cunningham (JC) virus belongs to Polyomaviridae family as a member of Polyomaviruses genus that includes in addition BK virus and SV40. The first case of demyelinating disease described with the term PML was found in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma in 1958. The usual diagnostic method is viral detection in CSF sample. Objective: Molecular identificantion of JC virus in blood samples obtained from patients already diagnosed with PML. Patients and methods: The present cross sectional study included 61 Iraqi patients, diagnosed as having multifocal leukoencephalopathy according to clinical and radiologic evidences. Their age range was from 16 to 65 years and they were 10 males and 51 females. Blood samples were obtained from all patients and subjected to PCR analysis for viral DNA detection and to serologic IL-17 estimation. Results: Blood Real time PCR in patients with PML was positive in only 8.2 % of cases and there was no significant difference in mean IL-17 between those who were positive and those who were negative according to real time PCR results. Conclusion: Blood sample real time PCR provides low sensitivity tool for identification of JC virus in patients having PML and that further development for blood sample collection and processing to optimize results are needed in the future.