Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Microchannel Geometries to Enhance Convection Cooling of Parallel Plate Duct Flow

Forced convection heat transfer from arrays of microchannels was considered for fixed volume and fixed pressure drop constraints. Order of magnitude relationships were developed for the optimal dimension of a number of fundamental duct shapes including the parallel plate channel with rectangular, square, rhombus, isosceles right triangle, circular duct and elliptic duct. Using the exact analysis method to produce an approximate expression for the optimal duct shape was developed for all ducts considered. Where approximate analytical results show that the optimal shape is the parallel plate channel duct array but with addition a triangular or rectangular duct to the parallel plate, where the rectangular model give a percent of (52%) increasing in the heat dissipation higher than the circular at an aspect ratio about (b/a=0.4), while give a percent of increase about (87%) in the same aspect ratio compared with rhombus duct model in hea t dissipation due to their ability to provide the most efficient arrays in a fixed volume. Comparison of the approximate results with exact results from the literature show excellent agreement for the optimal duct dimensions.
Venous, Arterial, and Neuropathic Leg Ulcers With Emphasis on the Geriatric Population

Leg ulcers are a common and often serious problem in older adults. Underlying conditions that increase risk include age-related increases in chronic venous insufficiency, peripheral artery disease, connective tissue and autoimmune conditions, reduced mobility, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Geriatric patients have a higher risk of multiple wound-related complications including infection, cellulitis, ischemia, and gangrene, any of which may lead to further complications including amputation. The very presence of these lower extremity ulcers in the elderly negatively impacts their quality of life and ability to function. Understanding and early identification of the underlying conditions and wound features are important for effective ulcer healing and complication mitigation. This targeted review focuses on the three most common types of lower extremity ulcers: venous, arterial, and neuropathic. The goal of this paper is to characterize and discuss the general and specific aspects of these lower extremity ulcers and their relevancy and impact on the geriatric population. The top five main results of this study can be summarized as follows. (1) Venous ulcers, caused by inflammatory processes secondary to venous reflux and hypertension, are the most common chronic leg ulcer in the geriatric population. (2) Arterial-ischemic ulcers are mainly due to lower extremity vascular disease, which itself tends to increase with increasing age setting the stage for an age-related increase in leg ulcers. (3) Persons with DM are at increased risk of developing foot ulcers mainly due to neuropathy and localized ischemia, both of which tend to increase with advancing age. (4) In geriatric patients with leg ulcers, it is important to rule out vasculitis or malignancy as causes. (5) Treatment is best made on a case-by-case basis, considering the patient's underlying condition, comorbidities, overall health status, and life expectancy.
Study of yield, physico-chemical properties, chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of North Indian Vetiver roots

The highest oil yield was obtained from lachha followed by nakhuni and munjhar (local names), irrespective of distillation methods. Similarly, in case of effectiveness of distillation methods, the highest oil yield was obtained from solvent extraction method followed by steam distillation and deg bhapka method. The oil yield ranged from 0.076% to 0.45%. Physico-chemical properties, were obtained from three commercial grades of vetiver roots quantitative comparison among the concentrations of vetivone, a key component known for its pesticidal value, was found higher in lachha by 11.73% and 30.35% as compared to nakhuni and munjhar, respectively. Bicyclovetivenol, the another important component known for its pesticidal value was found in higher concentration in lachha. The results indicated that irrespective of different grades of root materials as source of vetiver oil, the oils obtained from steam distillation method showed highest antifungal activity followed by solvent extraction method in all cases of graded root materials. It is observed that irrespective of extraction/ distillation methods, the oil obtained from lachha showed highest antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani followed by oil obtained from nakhuni.
Sexual Distress in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic auto-inflammatory skin disease with a great impact in quality of life. However, there is little research about the impact of HS on sex life. The aims of this study are to describe the frequency of sexual distress (SD) in patients with HS and to explore potentially associated epidemiological and clinical factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study by means of a crowd-sourced online questionnaire hosted by the Spanish hidradenitis suppurativa patients’ association (ASENDHI). Sexual distress (SD) was evaluated with a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for HS impact on sex life. A total of 393 participants answered the questionnaire. The mean NRS for HS impact on sex life was 7.24 (2.77) in women and 6.39 (3.44) in men (p < 0.05). Variables significantly associated (p < 0.05) with SD in the multiple linear regression model were sex, with a higher risk in females, the presence of active lesions in the groin and genitals and NRS for pain and unpleasant odor; being in a stable relationship was an important protector factor. Regarding these results, it seems that SD in HS patients is due, at least in part, to disease symptoms and active lesions in specific locations, emphasizing the importance of disease control with a proper treatment according to management guidelines. Women and single patients are more likely to suffer from sexual distress.
Review of the Tumor Microenvironment in Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Simple Summary Non-melanoma skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, are the most common types of cancer in the United States. In recent years, research into the tumor microenvironment of these cancers has shed light on the intricate network of cellular and acellular components surrounding tumor cells. This review aims to provide a deeper understanding of the complex interactions that occur within the tumor microenvironment and suggest potential therapies. Abstract It is widely known that tumor cells of basal and squamous cell carcinoma interact with the cellular and acellular components of the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor growth and progression. While this environment differs for basal and squamous cell carcinoma, the cellular players within both create an immunosuppressed environment by downregulating effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and promoting the release of pro-oncogenic Th2 cytokines. Understanding the crosstalk that occurs within the tumor microenvironment has led to the development of immunotherapeutic agents, including vismodegib and cemiplimab to treat BCC and SCC, respectively. However, further investigation of the TME will provide the opportunity to discover novel treatment options.
Modeling of Nonlinear Growth to Improve the Accuracy of Identification Decision Rules

Progress monitoring using curriculum–based measures administered to a student at multiple points in time is common in educational settings. Recent research has demonstrated that common approaches to identifying individuals in need of special services, such as the trend line or median techniques, can be negatively impacted by the nonlinear change in scores over time. The purpose of this study was to test and demonstrate a nonlinear regression model for adjusting the linear trend line for the presence of such nonlinearities, thereby improving the accuracy of common methods for identifying students in need of special services. Results demonstrated that use of this nonlinear model improved the accuracy of common methods for identifying students in need of special services.
De Quervain’s Disease: A Discourse on Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Since Fritz De Quervain first postulated stenosing tenosynovitis within the radial dorsum of the wrist, much research has been conducted to provide further insights. De Quervain’s Disease (DQD) is a condition that affects the tendons that control the movement of the thumb, specifically the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. Numerous studies have shown that structural divergence from normal anatomy is partly related to contingency for developing DQD. Even though this condition was discovered many years ago, its exact etiology remains a subject of debate. Two schools of thought exist, one that contends an inflammatory-mediated pathway and the other degenerative changes. Substantial evidence exists for both theories, thus necessitating further studies into the etiology of DQD. Classically, Finkelstein’s and Eichhoff’s tests have been used as the physical examinations of choice for clinically diagnosing this condition. However, these tests have been shown to have low specificity, hence, the emergence of the wrist hyperflexion and abduction of the thumb test. Evidence also suggests that ultrasonography may become a critical diagnostic tool, especially to identify anatomical variations before invasive treatment, reducing the risk of further complications. The management of DQD is typically conservative, with escalation to steroid injections before surgery is indicated. Future research into this disease should focus on establishing a clearer picture of how anatomical variations and other pathological and occupational factors may interplay to bring about this condition. While current research has suggested possible novel approaches for diagnosing and treating DQD, more studies are required to gain greater insights into the effectiveness of these interventions.
Development of pre-school math skills based on an instructional design with creative drama

It is known that the foundations of learning in the cultural and educational process are laid in the preschool period. In this period, children acquire information on many different subjects by interacting with their environment in every field. Suggestions, intuitions, and experiences lie in the formation of this knowledge. Children, who learn mainly through intuition, gain experiences thanks to the mutual symbolization they make with objects. In this process, they try to make sense of what they perceive according to their experiences. In this study, it was aimed to improve the mathematical skills of preschool children with the use of creative drama techniques, based on the strategies suggested in the instructional design model of Seels and Glasgow, and accordingly, the teaching processes were designed with sessions and activities that included two classroom processes and discussed within the scope of the literature. Keywords: Creative drama; game; instructional design (ID); mathematical skills.
Peripheral and central nervous system distribution of the CGRP neutralizing antibody [125I] galcanezumab in male rats

Objective The objective of this investigation was to examine the distribution of galcanezumab and a control immunoglobulin 4 antibody containing the same constant regions as galcanezumab, into peripheral and central tissues. Methods Galcanezumab and a control immunoglobulin 4 antibody were radioiodinated with Iodine-125 to specific activities of 0.11 mCi/mg and 0.16 mCi/mg, respectively. At 24, 72, and 168 hours following subcutaneous injection of either antibody (4 mg/kg), cerebrospinal fluid and plasma were obtained followed by saline perfusion to remove residual blood and collection of selected tissues for determination of Iodine-125 content by gamma counting. Results The peak plasma levels of Iodine-125 galcanezumab and Iodine-125 control immunoglobulin 4 were observed at 72 hours and remained high at 168 hours post-dose. The rank order of tissue levels was dura mater = spleen > trigeminal ganglia ≫hypothalamus = spinal cord = prefrontal cortex = cerebellum. Iodine-125 galcanezumab levels in peripheral tissue (dura mater, spleen, and trigeminal ganglia) averaged 5% to 11% of plasma, whereas all of the central nervous system (CNS) tissue levels and the cerebrospinal fluid levels were < 0.4% of plasma. Distribution of the antibodies into the dura mater and the trigeminal ganglia was similar to that observed in the spleen and significantly greater than exposure in the brain or spinal cord. Conclusions The central levels of galcanezumab were relatively low, which would favor the dura mater and trigeminal ganglia as sites of action for its observed clinical efficacy. However, a central site of action cannot be excluded.
In-Situ Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Containing Resveratrol-Loaded Nanoparticles as a Localized Drug Delivery Platform for Dry Eye Disease

Dry eye disease (DED) is a dynamic and complex disease that can cause significant damage to the ocular surface and discomfort, compromising the patient’s quality of life. Phytochemicals such as resveratrol have received increasing attention due to their ability to interfere with multiple pathways related to these diseases. However, the low bioavailability and the poor therapeutic response of resveratrol hinder its clinical applications. Cationic polymeric nanoparticles, in combination with in situ gelling polymers, could represent a promising strategy to prolong drug corneal residence time reducing the frequency of administration and increasing the therapeutic response. Eyedrop formulations, based on acetylated polyethyleneimine-modified polylactic-co-glicolyc acid- (PLGA-PEI) nanoparticles loaded with resveratrol (RSV-NPs) were dispersed into poloxamer 407 hydrogel and characterized in terms of pH, gelation time, rheological properties, in vitro drugs release, and biocompatibility. Moreover, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of RSV were assessed in vitro by mimicking a DED condition through the exposition of epithelial corneal cells to a hyperosmotic state. This formulation exhibited sustained release of RSV for up to 3 days, exerting potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on corneal epithelial cells. In addition, RSV reversed the mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by high osmotic pressure, leading to upregulated sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression, an essential regulator of mitochondrial function. These results suggest the potential of eyedrop formulation as a platform to overcome the rapid clearance of current solutions for treating various inflammation- and oxidative stress-related diseases such as DED.
Delivering on the Promise: The Role of Supplemental Promise Programs in Reducing Barriers to College Success

ABSTRACT As college promise programs proliferate across the country, supplemental promise programs are emerging to fill gaps in services and resources critical for student success, particularly for students with greater economic needs. This mixed-methods study examines the implementation and efficacy of two such programs in Tennessee, Nashville GRAD and Knox Promise, which are distinct in their approaches to providing financial and advising supports to community college students. Findings from interviews with students and program staff suggest that students saw the additional financial supports and interactions with advisers as critical to their continued success. Using administrative data, we further explored the pathways to improved outcomes — college progression (credits earned) and persistence to the next term or academic year — and found that the intensity of student engagement with their advisors and use of program benefits (e.g. textbook and transportation supports) were positively associated with these college outcomes.
Different platforms, different plots? The Kremlin-controlled search engine Yandex as a resource for Russia’s informational influence in Belarus during the COVID-19 pandemic

Extant research demonstrated that the algorithms of the Kremlin-controlled search engine Yandex, compared to those of its US-based counterpart Google, frequently produce results that are biased toward the interests of Russia’s ruling elites. Prior research, however, audited Yandex’s algorithms largely within Russia. In contrast, this study is the first to assess the role of Yandex’s web search algorithms as a resource for Russia’s informational influence abroad. To do so, we conduct a comparative algorithm audit of Google and Yandex in Belarus, examining the visibility and narratives of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories in their search results. By manually analysing the content of 1320 search results collected in mid-April to mid-May 2020, we find that, compared with Google, (1) Yandex retrieves significantly more conspiratorial content (2) that close to exclusively suspects US plotters to be behind the pandemic, even though the virus spread from the Chinese city of Wuhan across the globe.
Hydraulic jumps in a shallow flow down a slightly inclined substrate

This work examines free-surface flows down an inclined substrate. The slope of the free surface and that of the substrate are both assumed small, whereas the Reynolds number $Re$ remains unrestricted. A set of asymptotic equations is derived, which includes the lubrication and shallow-water approximations as limiting cases (as $Re\rightarrow 0$ and $Re\rightarrow \infty$ , respectively). The set is used to examine hydraulic jumps (bores) in a two-dimensional flow down an inclined substrate. An existence criterion for steadily propagating bores is obtained for the $({\it\eta},s)$ parameter space, where ${\it\eta}$ is the bore’s downstream-to-upstream depth ratio, and $s$ is a non-dimensional parameter characterising the substrate’s slope. The criterion reflects two different mechanisms restricting bores. If $s$ is sufficiently large, a ‘corner’ develops at the foot of the bore’s front – which, physically, causes overturning. If, in turn, ${\it\eta}$ is sufficiently small (i.e. the bore’s relative amplitude is sufficiently large), the non-existence of bores is caused by a stagnation point emerging in the flow.
Symmetric groups

In this paper, we explore applications, examples, and representative theo-ries of Symmetric groups in a symmetric group. All elements are all bijections to the set itself, and the group operation is function composition. We begin by discussing the definition of symmetry with a few basic examples and applications. We then introduce and define some real-world applications followed by properties and special elements of symmetric groups. Lastly, we show the subgroup structure of symmetric groups and some of the representative theories.
Risk Factors for the Development of Ophthalmopathy in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

Background : Ophthalmopathy, or thyroid eye disease (TED), is more often associated with Graves’ hyperthyroidism than Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. In the latter disorder, the pathogenesis of the eye signs may be different and the influence of well-known risk factors for the development of eye signs in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism, such as smoking, age and gender, have not been studied in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The aim of our study was to identify the risk factors which might influence the development of ophthalmopathy in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Methods : A retrospective cross sectional study included 105 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with and without ophthalmopathy and investigated 6 potential risk factors namely; age, gender, smoking, vitamin D deficiency, serum TSH and serum levels of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg). A binary logistic regression test was used to determine whether one or more of the factors were predictive for i) ophthalmopathy ii) upper eyelid retraction (UER), often the only sign in patients with
Arrhythmia Profile in Children Presenting at a Tertiary Care Centre in India - From Fetal Life to Fifteen Years of Age Prabhu Shakuntala, Prabhshara

Many of the arrhythmias tend to be asymptomatic and detected incidentally, while some others may be picked up too late after a catastrophic presentation. The goal of this study was to document the arrhythmia profile in children presenting to our tertiary care hospital in India. We also reviewed the early and late outcomes of arrhythmias in these patients (including in isolated and post cardiac surgical patients). Amongst 100 patients with arrhythmias, 35% were detected incidentally for presentations like breathlessness (29%) and refusal to feed. A majority of patients (70%) did not have any underlying structural defect and had no cardiomegaly on chest X-Ray. Of those with structural defects, 90% were congenital with the majority being acyanotic (58%) and would have gone clinically undetected. 19 children (20%) presented with heart failure. Tachyarrhythmias (61%) were more common, and all the immediate deaths were from this group. Bradyarrhythmias were mostly complete heart blocks. Almost half the patients required emergency antiarrhythmics. Holter study was done to check for antiarrhythmic efficacy and to decide regarding pacing. In 48% cases, clinical management was changed based on the Holter report. Almost half the patients required emergency antiarrhythmics (adenosine, isoprenaline, amiodarone). The long-term outcomes were favorable with 50% of the patients not requiring long term antiarrhythmics and most remained asymptomatic. The need for interventional therapy like pacemaker insertion and radiofrequency ablation was less than 2%. Arrythmias in children have varied symptoms and pediatricians need to be aware about this. With optimal management, long term outcomes for these children are usually favorable.
Effectiveness and Safety of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) among Healthcare Workers: A Seven-Month Follow-Up Study at Fifteen Central Hospitals

Background: During a pandemic, healthcare workers are at high risk of contracting COVID-19. To protect these important individuals, it is highly recommended that they receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Our study focused on evaluating the safety and efficacy of Egypt’s first approved vaccine, the Sinopharm vaccine (BBIBP-CorV), and comparing these findings with other vaccines. Methods: An observational study was conducted in fifteen triage and isolation hospitals, from the 1st of March until the end of September 2021. The study included fully vaccinated and unvaccinated participants, and we measured vaccine effectiveness (using 1-aHR), the incidence rate of severely to critically ill hospitalized cases, COVID-19-related work absenteeism, and the safety of the vaccine as outcomes. Results: Of the 1364 healthcare workers who were interviewed, 1228 agreed to participate. After taking the hazard ratio into account, the vaccine effectiveness was found to be 67% (95% CI, 80–43%) for symptomatic PCR-confirmed cases. The incidence rate ratio for hospitalization was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.15–1.31) in the vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group, and there was a significant reduction in absenteeism among the vaccinated group (p < 0.007). Most adverse events were mild and well tolerated. Vaccinated pregnant and lactating mothers did not experience any sentinel adverse events. Conclusion: Our study found that the BBIBP-CorV vaccine was effective in protecting healthcare workers from COVID-19.
Commuting -regular rings

R is called commuting regular ring (resp. semigroup) if for each x;y 2 R there exists a 2 R such that xy = yxayx. In this paper, we introduce the concept of commuting -regular rings (resp. semigroups) and study various properties of them. c