Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Health Literacy Levels in Patients Attending Anesthesia Outpatient Clinics for Preoperative Evaluation

Introduction: Health literacy significantly impacts healthcare outcomes, particularly in preoperative settings where patients' understanding of medical procedures, adherence to instructions, and surgical outcomes are influenced. Despite accessibility to medical information, challenges persist in comprehending healthcare details, affecting active patient participation in care. This study aims to assess health literacy among patients attending anesthesia outpatient clinics for preoperative evaluation and analyze associated factors. Methods: A sample size of 240 patients was determined using power analysis. The inclusion criteria encompassed informed, consenting patients with adequate mental capacity and primary education, aged 18-65 years, according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA I-II). Data were collected through a descriptive characteristics form and the Health Literacy Scale (HLS). Results: The mean health literacy score was 29.37±6.22, indicating a moderate level. Marital status, education level, employment status, book reading preference, comorbidities, and reason for clinic visits significantly influenced health literacy (p<0.001). Regression analysis revealed marital status (β=-1.915, p=0.047), employment (β=1.187, p=0.039), and book reading preference (β=3.76, p<0.001) as independent predictors of health literacy. Discussion: Health literacy levels were associated with various socio-demographic and health-related factors. Notably, being single or divorced, employed, and enjoying reading predicted higher health literacy. This underscores the impact of social support, occupation, and reading habits on health literacy. However, longitudinal studies with objective measures are warranted to further explore these associations. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of addressing health literacy levels in anesthesia outpatient clinics, highlighting key predictors such as marital status, education, and employment. While contributing to our understanding of preoperative health literacy, further research using longitudinal designs and objective measures is essential. Bridging the health literacy gap is crucial for empowering patients, refining decision-making, and elevating the quality of overall surgical experiences.
Determining the Frequency and Influential Factors Impacting Antenatal Care Service Utilization Among Pregnant Women in Attendance at Mutara Health Centre III, Mitooma District, Uganda

Antenatal care (ANC) plays a pivotal role in curbing maternal mortality rates. This investigation sought to gauge the prevalence of and factors influencing antenatal care service utilization among pregnant women visiting Mutara Health Centre III's antenatal care clinic. The study involved 200 pregnant women in a cross-sectional analysis, employing an interview questionnaire to assess ANC service utilization determinants. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was utilized for data analysis. The prevalence was determined by comparing the actual ANC attendance (from mid-July 2022 to mid-August 2022) against the projected monthly ANC attendance (300). The resulting attendance rate of 66.67% was categorized as inadequate, falling below the globally recommended coverage of 80%. Demographic findings revealed that the majority (57.5%) were peasants, while 47.5% of their partners had primary education. Alarmingly, 62.5% lacked knowledge regarding the appropriate timing for seeking ANC. Key conclusions drawn were that the attendance rate for ANC was notably low, coupled with inadequate knowledge among pregnant women about ANC and a prevalence of low socioeconomic status. Recommendations included tailored education programs for expectant mothers on ANC services by healthcare personnel at Mutara Health Centre III, public awareness campaigns by the Mitooma district health officer emphasizing the benefits of ANC attendance, governmental strategies to improve the livelihoods of those served by the health center, and a proposed study to assess maternal mortality prevalence specifically at Mutara Health Centre III. Keywords: Antenatal care, Pregnant women, maternal mortality, Healthcare workers.
Grazing management flexibility in pastures subjected to rotational stocking management: herbage production and chemical composition of kikuyu-grass swards.

Several recent papers published on tropical pastures have pointed out that under rotational stocking management regrowth should be interrupted when canopy light interception is 95% (LI). Further, these studies have revealed a positive and high correlation between LI and sward height, allowing LI management targets to be defined in terms of sward height. However, there are some indications that lower pre-grazing heights relative to those targets would result in similar leaf accumulation without interfering with sward persistence. The objective of this paper was to verify a possible flexibility of such pre-grazing height targets. A replicated experiment was conducted with treatments corresponding to four pre-grazing height targets (25 cm, corresponding to a canopy light interception of 95%; 20; 15 and 10 cm), which were associated with a single severity of grazing equivalent to removal of 50% of initial height, leaving four post-grazing heights (12.5, 10.0, 7.5 and 5 cm, respectively). Preliminary results indicated that there were no differences in rate of herbage accumulation, herbage yield and crude protein, NDF and ADF contents on swards managed with the pre-grazing targets of 15, 20 and 25 cm. Swards managed with the 10 cm pre-grazing target had the highest contents of CP and lowest contents of NDF and ADF, but herbage accumulation was reduced. Overall, the findings indicate that there may be some flexibility in targets of pre-grazing sward height, provided that defoliation severity is moderate and does not interfere with herbage yield and quality. In that context, targets of pre-grazing sward height defined in terms of canopy light interception would correspond to the maximum value of the possible range of values to be used.
Genetic Loss of miR-205 Causes Increased Mammary Gland Development

MiRNAs play crucial roles in a broad spectrum of biological processes, both physiological and pathological. Different reports implicate miR-205 in the control of breast stem cell properties. Differential miR-205 expression has been observed in different stages of mammary gland development and maturation. However, a functional role in this process has not been clearly demonstrated. We generated an miR-205 knockout in the FVB/N mouse strain, which is viable and characterized by enhanced mammary gland development. Indeed, mammary glands of miR-205−/− female mice at different ages (1.5 and 5.5 months) show increased outgrowth and branching. This evidence is consistent with our previously reported data demonstrating the direct miR-205-mediated targeting of HER3, a master regulator of mammary gland development, and the oncosuppressive activity of this microRNA in different types of breast cancer.
Comparison of Indirect and Direct Laryngoscopes in Pediatric Patients with a Difficult Airway: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis was performed to determine whether an indirect laryngoscope is more advantageous than a direct laryngoscope for tracheal intubation in the setting of a difficult pediatric airway. Data on the intubation failure and intubation time during tracheal intubation were extracted from prospective and retrospective studies identified through a comprehensive literature search. Data from 10 individual articles (11 trials) were combined, and a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to calculate either the pooled relative risk (RR) or the weighted mean difference (WMD) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta-analysis of the 10 articles indicated that the intubation failure of tracheal intubation with an indirect laryngoscope was not significantly different from that of a direct laryngoscope in patients with a difficult airway (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.51–1.46; p = 0.59; Cochrane’s Q = 50.5; I2 = 82%). Intubation time with an indirect laryngoscope was also similar to that with a direct laryngoscope (WMD 4.06 s; 95% CI −1.18–9.30; p = 0.13; Cochrane’s Q 39.8; I2 = 85%). In conclusion, indirect laryngoscopes had the same intubation failure and intubation time as direct laryngoscopes in pediatric patients with a difficult airway. Currently, the benefits of indirect laryngoscopes have not been observed in the setting of a difficult pediatric airway.
Birth Preparedness among Women Who Gave Birth in the Last Twelve Months in Jardega Jarte District, Western Ethiopia

Background Lack of preparedness for rapid action in the event of obstetric complications was the major problem contributing for delay in receiving skilled obstetric care. This study aimed to assess birth preparedness and factors associated with it among women who gave birth in the last 12 months preceding the survey in Jardega Jarte district, Western Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2016. A total of 581 women who gave birth recently were randomly selected for an interview. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify predictive factors. Statistical significance was declared at p<0.05. Results From 581 questionnaires distributed, 570 were completed making the response rate 98%. The mean age was 28 with a standard deviation of 5 years. Ninety percent of the respondents were rural in residency. The average family size was 6 with a range of 13. Majority of the respondents were grand multipara, 261(45.6%). Despite the majority (69.3%) of the respondents reported as they made arrangement for birth, only 27.5% of them were well-prepared for birth and its complication management. Urban residency (AOR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.7-6.9), primipara (AOR=5.12, 95% CI: 2.4-10.8), history of obstetric complication (AOR=4.05, 95% CI: 2.4-7.75), and attending antenatal care (AOR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.67-5.16) were independently associated with preparation for birth and its complication. Conclusion This study revealed that only about a quarter of pregnant women were well-prepared for delivery and complication management. Urban residencies, history of past obstetric complications, availing antenatal care, primipara, and absence of an under-five child in the household during recent delivery were predictors of birth preparedness. On the other hand, availing health service to such rural areas, giving more attention to the grand multiparous mothers with large family size will be important interventions to prevent pregnancy-related complications. Such efforts would benefit from accessing antenatal care and family planning services.
Effects of Dietary Fat Level of Concentrate Mix on Growth Performance, Rumen Characteristics, Digestibility, Blood Metabolites, and Methane Emission in Growing Hanwoo Steers

Simple Summary This study investigated the effect of varying levels of dietary fat in concentrate mixes on growth performance, rumen characteristics, digestibility, blood metabolites, and methane emissions in growing Hanwoo steers. The experiment was conducted for 12 weeks by feeding three concentrate mixes with different levels of dietary fat (i.e., 48, 74, 99 g/kg dry matter [DM] of concentrate mix). Increasing fat levels in the concentrate mix significantly reduced the intake of concentrate mix (p < 0.01); however, there were no significant adverse effects on the growth rate, feed efficiency, and digestibility (p > 0.05). Increasing fat levels also affected the characteristics of rumen fluid, increasing the proportion of propionate (p < 0.01) and decreasing the proportion of butyrate and acetate to propionate in the total volatile fatty acids (p < 0.01). Cholesterol in blood serum increased significantly with increasing fat levels (p < 0.01). The highest fat level showed 18% lower methane concentration in exhaled gas from eructation than the lowest (basal) fat level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing the fat level up to 100 g/kg DM in the concentrate mix reduced methane concentration in the exhaled gas from eructation without altering growth performance in growing Hanwoo steers. Abstract This study investigated the effect of different dietary fat levels in concentrate mixes on the growth performance, rumen characteristics, digestibility, blood metabolites, and methane emissions in growing Hanwoo steers. Thirty steers (386 ± 24.6 kg of body weight [BW]; 12 months old), blocked by BW, were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments with varying fat concentrations in concentrate mix (48, 74, and 99 g of ether extract per kg dry matte [DM]). The fat intake of the low-fat treatment represented 4.15% of the total dry matter intake (DMI), while the medium- and high-fat treatments accounted for 5.77% and 7.23% of total DMI, respectively. Concentrate mix DMI decreased with increasing fat level (p < 0.01). The growth rate and digestibility did not significantly differ based on the fat level (p > 0.05). As the fat level increased, propionate in the total ruminal volatile fatty acids increased, and butyrate and acetate-to-propionate decreased (p < 0.01). Cholesterol in blood serum increased significantly with increasing dietary fat levels (p < 0.01). Methane emissions exhibited a linear decrease with increasing fat level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, elevating fat content in the concentrates up to 100 g/kg DM reduced methane emissions without compromising the growth performance of growing Hanwoo steers.
Preparation of gold nanoparticles on nanocellulose and their catalytic activity for reduction of NO2-

Nanoscale material has attracted the interest of many researchers because of its special physicochemical and surface properties. In this study, a nanocomposite was prepared based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in situ forming ultra-fine size gold nanoparticles. To form the gold nanoparticles, chloroauric acid was reduced with an aqueous mixture of ethanol and CNC. The gold nanoparticles were less than 8 nm in size, with 80% of them less than 5 nm. Nanocellulose in the preparation system acted as a stabilizer. The size and dispersity of the ultra-fine gold nanoparticles (UAuNPs) were controlled by adjusting the pH. The resulting UAuNPs/CNCs composite exhibited excellent catalytic performance to eliminate solubilized NaNO2 mixed with NH4Cl at room temperature. The apparent rate constant of the reaction was 4.12 × 10-5 s-1. The catalytic effect of the generated UAuNPs on NO2- reduction has potential use in many fields, particularly in the food and environmental sectors.
Nutritional and Physicochemical Properties and Safe Consumption of Jackfruit Seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.)

Fruits and vegetable by-products such as peels, rinds, and seeds are the focus of functional food research. By-products from jackfruit like seeds are functional foods/ingredients. However, studies on jackfruit seeds’ nutritional, physicochemical properties and safe consumption are limited. Thus, this study aimed to determine the nutritional and physicochemical properties of raw, roasted, and boiled jackfruit seeds, as well as how these seeds could be safely consumed. The nutrient composition, total dietary fiber composition and fermentability, resistant starch, antinutrients, heavy metals, and microbial load were determined using standard methods. Jackfruit seeds are good source of protein (9.9–10.2g/100g), ash (3.3–3.8g/100g), carbohydrates (21.45–82.15g/100g), a high source of dietary fiber (12.11–13.83g/100g), resistant starch (19.9–25.6g/100g) and amylose (20.61–23.03g/100g). Phytic acid, tannic acid, heavy metals, and microbial parameters of raw and thermally processed jackfruit seed were within acceptable limits, except for the microbial parameters in raw seeds. The starchy structure of processed jackfruit seed expands its granules with increased surface area, leading to better digestion. In conclusion, processed jackfruit seed can be a potential functional food or ingredient. Consumers and food industry professionals should be aware of the beneficial effects of jackfruit by-products.
Physical and bio-control methodologies for integrated management of buffalo fly-Haematobia exigua (Diptera: Muscidae)

Haematobia exigua, the buffalo fly, is a common ectoparasite of buffaloes and cattle in India causing economic losses and underlines the necessity of effective control strategies against them. The present study was planned to evaluate larvicidal activity of few methods for physical and biological control for integarated management of Haematobia exigua flies. Out of four bacterial bio-control agents evaluated by in-vitro assay and Probit analysis, two bacteria i. e. Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis and Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki showed excellent larvicidal activity against H. exigua with LC50 value of 134 and 135 mg per liter of water respectively. Whereas, other two bacteria i. e. Bacillus weihenstephanensis WSBC and KBAB4 failed to show desired larvicidal activity. It can be concluded that B ti and B tk have future as effective bacterial agents (BCAs) in the control and integrated management of buffalo and horn fly. An experiment was conducted in the laboratory and on field for judging the efficacy of a physical method of tightly covering dung pats with polythene sheet for control of larvae of H. exigua. The laboratory result showed only 14.73% larvae were survived and developed per 100 gm of the faeces in the pot covered with polythene sheet as against significantly higher number 78.33% in the control group. During field trial, average larval count from dung pits before the experiment was 86.33 per 250 gm of faeces and it has been significantly reduced to 11.80 after covered with polythene sheets for two weeks. It indicated that physical method of covering the dung pits works immensely and thus can be inducted in IPM program as one of the effective physical control alternatives.
Description of Learning Difficulties In Grade X Students of SMK Taruna Karya 1 During a Pandemic

Learning is a process of interaction between educators and students. Covid 19 has currently colonized the country of Indonesia, where the spread of the disease is very fast. The impact of this covid 19 outbreak has not subsided, learning will continue to be carried out from each home (study from home). Online learning should be a learning method that makes it easier for students to continue learning even in a pandemic. But in reality, after being implemented, there are still many shortcomings that cause difficulties for students to feel. Based on the results of observations at SMK Taruna 1 Karawang for 1 week, especially in grade 10, there are students who experience learning difficulties, especially in participating in learning through virtual meeting media and in doing assignments that are assigned tasks are often late and tend to have difficulties due to a lack of understanding in learning caused by the family environment as well as online learning support facilities. The problems that occur in institutions, especially class X, are 2 students who are suspected of having learning difficulties, one is due to supporting factors such as quotas and devices, the second is mainly influenced by the conditions of the house
Supercritical Impregnation of Mangifera indica Leaves Extracts into Porous Conductive PLGA-PEDOT Scaffolds

Plant leaves, such as those from Mangifera indica, represent a potential utilization of waste due to their richness in bioactive compounds. Supercritical CO2 allows these compounds to be incorporated into various matrices by impregnation. Combined with its ability to generate polymeric scaffolds, it represents an attractive strategy for the production of biomedical devices. For this purpose, conjugated polymeric scaffolds of biodegradable PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) and PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)), generated in situ by foaming, were employed for the supercritical impregnation of ethanolic mango leaves extract (MLE) in tissue engineering as a potential application. The extraction of MLE was performed by Enhanced Solvent Extraction. The effects of pressure (120–300 bar), temperature (35–55 °C), and depressurization rate (1–50 bar/min) on the physical/conductive properties and the impregnation of MLE were studied. The scaffolds have been characterized by liquid displacement, scanning electron microscope, resistance to conductivity techniques, measurements of impregnated load, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Porosity values ranging 9–46% and conductivity values between 10−4–10−5 S/cm were obtained. High pressures, low temperatures and rapid depressurization favored the impregnation of bioactive compounds. Scaffolds with remarkable antioxidant activity were obtained (75.2–87.3% oxidation inhibition), demonstrating the ability to inhibit S. aureus bacterial growth (60.1 to 71.4%).
Magic Blue Light: A Versatile Mediator of Plant Elongation

Blue light plays an important role in regulating plant elongation. However, due to the limitations of older lighting technologies, the responses of plants to pure blue light have not been fully studied, and some of our understandings of the functions of blue light in the literature need to be revisited. This review consolidates and analyzes the diverse findings from previous studies on blue-light-mediated plant elongation. By synthesizing the contrasting results, we uncover the underlying mechanisms and explanations proposed in recent research. Moreover, we delve into the exploration of blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a tool for manipulating plant elongation in controlled-environment plant production, highlighting the latest advancements in this area. Finally, we acknowledge the challenges faced and outline future directions for research in this promising field. This review provides valuable insights into the pivotal role of blue light in plant growth and offers a foundation for further investigations to optimize plant elongation using blue light technology.
Factors Affecting Academic Achievement of B.Sc. Students of Tribhuvan University Constituent Campuses in Province - 1, Nepal.

An attempt has been made to assess the factors affecting academic achievements of bachelor’s level students under Institute Science and Technology of Tribhuvan University in Province No. 1, Nepal. The academic achievement has been considered as a dependent variable and the gender, caste/ethnicity, socio-economic status and learning facilities as independent variables. A cross-sectional research design was used. The sample size of this research was 130 and the sample was drawn using simple random sampling technique. A well-designed questionnaire was used to collect the data. The Binary logistic regression model was used to find the association of various factors with the academic achievement of the students and the goodness of fit test of the model was assessed through Hosmer and Lemeshow test. The study concluded that the internet facility at libraries, as a learning facility, contributed significantly to the students’ academic achievement whereas the remaining variables had no significant effect on the academic achievement of students’ Moreover, this research also discusses the implications for improving academic achievement.