Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Multiple-Choice and Essay Questions In The Evaluation of Dental Students

Evaluation of students is considered one of the most important aspects of teaching, and motivation for learning.This study compare the multiple-choice and essay questions in the evaluation of dental students.A total of 72 students participated in this study and were placed in two groups: Group A (N = 30),took an essay exam first and then took the same exam in multiple-choice format. Group B (N = 42), the sequence of exams was reversed. The students’ grades,the difficulty and discrimination indices, and the students’ responses to the two formats of the questions were analyzed using SPSS 21. T -test was used to compare the means.The students’ grades in both groups were significantly higher on the multiple-choice exam than on the essay exam (13.5 ± 2.3 vs. 12.7 ± 2.8 in Group A; 12.7 ± 3.3 vs. 12 ± 2.5 in Group B). The differences of discrimination index between two types of examsweresignificant(Group A: 0.61 ± 0.025 vs. 0.15 ± 0.018; Group B: -0.25 ± 0.029 vs. 0.23 ± 0.024) unlike the difficulty index (Group A: 0.74 ± 0.012 vs. 0.745 ± 0.012; Group B: 0.70 ± 0.023 vs. 0.67 ± 0.021). Moreover, the students’ responses to each question in both formats was the same in 67% of the cases in Group A and 66% of the cases in Group B.This study indicates that the multiple-choice questions were easier to answer than the essay questions and required less study effort.
Comparative Study of PAPR Reduction Techniques in OFDM

— Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) also referred to as multicarrier communication systems, have become a key technology in current and for future communication systems. Due to OFDM’s immunity to many channel imperfections, it is the ideal modulation scheme for many applications which transmit signals in hostile environments. A major drawback of OFDM is the high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) problem, which can lead to low power efficiency and nonlinear distortion at the transmitter power amplifier. In this paper one of disadvantage of OFDM-PAPR and its different reduction technique is discussed. The PAPR of the transmitted signal power is large, necessitating power backoff, unless PAPR –reduction techniques are incorporated to control the resulting nonlinear distortion at the power amplification stage. The various techniques for PAPR reduction are like selected mapping (SLM), partial transmit sequence (PTS), Tone reservation (TR), Tone injection (TI), clipping & filtering and
Bioequivalence Study of Two Formulations of Escitalopram Oxalate 20 mgTablets in Healthy Volunteers

A Bioequivalence study was developed to compare the bioavailability of two formulations of Escitalopram oxalate 20 mg tablets in twenty-four healthy volunteers. The Test product was Escitalopram made by Laboratorios Tecnoquimicas S.A. (Jamundi – Colombia) and the Reference product was Lexapro® (Escitalopram) made by H. Lundbeck A/S (Valby - Denmark). A crossover, 2 x 2, single-dose, two treatments, two periods, two sequences design was used, with a washout period of one week. Prior to dose administration a basal blood sample was taken and between 1 and 96 hours after the administration another 17 samples were collected. The determination of Escitalopram in plasma was performed using a bioanalytical method for ultra high resolution liquid chromatography coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS) and using ESI+, previously validated. Through Escitalopram concentration curves versus time obtained from measurements in the plasma of volunteers the pharmacokinetic parameters and Bioequivalence were determined for both products. The pharmacokinetic parameters determined in this study to the Reference and Test products were Cmax 15.7 ± 7.3 ng/ml, 14.5 ± 5.9 ng/ ml, AUC0→∞ 901.6 ± 389.2 ng.h/ml, 731.3 ± 257.1 ng.h/ml and AUC0→96 740.9 ± 354.0 ng.h/. ml, 612.7 ± 207.6 ng.h/ ml respectively. For Escitalopram, the ratio of the logarithmic transformation Test product / Reference product for AUC0→96 were from 94.6 to 103.1 and for Cmax were from 91.7 to 107.4; both ratios with confidence interval of 90%. These intervals are within the range of Bioequivalence established and therefore it can be concluded that the Test formulation is interchangeable or Bioequivalent to the Reference.
Impact of International MOOCs on College English Teaching and Our Countermeasures: Challenge and Opportunity

– MOOCs are world-wide online courses with the purpose of open visit and massive participation, which is the newly-booming course model in the global educational field. The article firstly introduces the outline of MOOCs in terms of types, theoretical foundations, features in course models and contents, and then analyzes the impacts of MOOCs on Chinese college English teaching including the quality of college English teaching, the contents of college English course, and the assessment system of college English test. In the latter part of the article, the author puts forward effective countermeasures to respond to this new educational situation. They involve the establishment of Flipped English Class under the MOOCs environment, and the adjustment of college English contents and curriculum system to apply MOOCs teaching resources into our English teaching research and English class.
Palliative Shunt Versus Ductal Stenting in Duct -Dependent Pulmonary Circulation

Background: Neonatal surgical palliative systemic to pulmonary artery shunt is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Recently, ductal stenting (DS) is an effective alternative modality to provide adequate blood flow in neonatal congenital heart disease with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. The aim of this study was assess feasibility and outcomes of DS in comparison to a conventional modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (MBTS) with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. Methods: A single-institution retrospective cohort study was conducted in neonates who underwent MBTS and DS. Analysis of survival, procedural complications, rate of re-stenosis and re-intervention were done. Log rank (Mantel-cox) was done to compare the means and median re-stenosis survival time. Results: A total of 67 subjects ≤ 12-month-old were identified. Eighteen subjects underwent DS and 49 subjects underwent MBTS. The length of stay and overall hospital mortality were similar. Pneumonia intra-hospital and sepsis after procedure were higher in MBTS group. The mean and median survival time for re-stenosis of DS and MTBS was 25.32 and 77.82 months (p = 0.001) respectively, however the rate of re-intervention was not different. Conclusion: DS and MBTS in aged < 6 months are feasible and may provide an effective systemic to pulmonary artery shunt in ductdependent pulmonary circulation in our institution, however DS efficacy gradually reduced.
Determining Seismic Margin of Nuclear Power Plants Using Multiple Ground Motion Parameters

Over the past years, beyond design basis earthquake events, especially the Great Tohoku Earthquake that caused severe Fukushima Dai-ichi accident, have jeopardized the defense-indepth concept (namely prevention, mitigation, and emergency preparedness) of traditional design philosophy. However, the traditional design methods cannot explicitly depict the plant seismic margin over the design basis earthquake. To demonstrate the plant seismic margin and to seek out “weak link” components that limit the plant seismic margin, Seismic Margin Assessment (SMA) was proposed and has been implemented in nuclear power industry since mid-1980s [1-4]. A High Confidence of Low Probability of failure capacity, namely seismic capacity related to 95% confidence of 5% probability of failure, is adopted as the measure of seismic margins of structures, systems, and components (SSCs) as well as the whole plant.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Ball Milling

Nickel ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by High Energy Ball milling (HEBM) of the mixture of α-NiO and α-Fe2O3 followed by annealing at 1000 ̊C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) characterization of the synthesized nickel ferrite nanoparticles was performed. The structural analysis reveals the formation of the single phase compound. The average grain size was estimated by X-ray diffraction technique is 30.13 nm with the lattice constant 8.32Ao. Infrared spectra shows the presence of two strong absorption bands at 603.01 cm -1 assigned to tetrahedral and 418.65 cm -1 assigned to octahedral complex. The magnetic study at room temperature shows the saturation magnetization and coercivity for milled followed by annealing nickel ferrite nanoparticles were 36.72emu/g and 49.65 Oe. The characterization results of nickel ferrite nanoparticles shows change in the physical parameters depending on the synthesizing technique.
Does Rheumatoid Arthritis Affects the Nitrergic Density and Somatic Area of the nNOS-Immunoreactive (IR) Myenteric Neurons, as well as the Morphometric Areas of CGRP and VIP-IR Varicosities of the Ileum of Arthritic Rats?

Few studies regarding arthritic diseases have been performed to verify the presence of the neurodegeneration. Given the increased oxidative stress and extra-articular effects of the rheumatoid arthritis, the gastrointestinal studies should be further investigated aiming a better understanding of the systemic effects the disease on enteric nervous system. To determine whether the rheumatoid arthritis affects the nitrergic density and somatic area of the nNOSimmunoreactive (IR) myenteric neurons, as well as the morphometric areas of CGRP and VIP-IR varicosities of the ileum of arthritic rats. Twenty 58-day-old male Holtzmann rats were distributed in two groups: control and arthritic. The arthritic group received a single injection of the Freund’s Complete Adjuvant in order to induce arthritis model. The whole-mount preparations of ileum were processed for immunohistochemistry to VIP, CGRP and nNOS. Quantification was used for the nitrergic neurons and morphometric analyses were performed for the three markers. The arthritic disease induced a reduction 6% in ileal area compared to control group. No significant differences were observed in nitrergic density comparing both groups. However, arthritic group yielded a reduction of the nitrergic neuronal somatic area and VIP-IR varicosity areas. However, an increase of varicosity CGRP-IR areas was also observed. Despite arthritis resulted in no alterations in the number of nitrergic neurons, the retraction of ileal area and reduction of nitrergic somatic and VIP-IR varicosity areas may suggest a negative impact the disease on the ENS.
UPGRADING TO OBM AS HIGHER COMMITMENT MODE BY A BRITISH OEM IN CHINA: INSIGHTS FROM A CASE STUDY

It is still unclear why some developed economy (DE) global startups decide to internationalize into emerging economies (EEs) where the legal enforcement and intellectual rights protection are weak, rather than into well-established mature economies. To address this gap, this paper explores what strategies a small British original equipment manufacturer (OEM) employed to venture into China at beginning and to increase its commitments later on. Using a single-case study analyzing its 10-year growth trajectory, we found that this British OEM exploited innovative keyword marketing to achieve fast growth, and then used upgrading to own brand manufacturing (OBM) as a higher commitment mode in China at a more mature stage of development. However, building own brand coupled with strategic alliance with a Chinese stateowned giant brought high risks and uncertainties to the conduct of the OBM strategy. Crosscultural misunderstanding in communication between two firms became a critical obstacle. Overall, this paper highlights the key role of entrepreneurs in shaping firms’ international entrepreneurial behavior, revealing evidence about a novel development pattern of a DE global startup OEM competing in the world’s largest emerging economy, China. Thus, it provides new insights into an under-explored area of research at the intersection of the perspectives of international entrepreneurship and strategic management. KEYWORDS; Global Startup, International Entrepreneurship, Global Value Chain, OEM, OBM
Using of sunflower silage instead of corn silage in the diets of goat*

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using sunflower silage instead of corn silage for goats in early lactation on rumen and blood parameters and milk yield and composition. Saanen x Hair goat crossbred were used to assess their milk yield and composition with four diets, where corn silage (CS) was substituted with sunflower silage (SS) at amounts of 0, 34, 66 and 100 % of diets, respectively. The concentrations of C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (CLA), C18:3n6 and C18:3n:3 fatty acids increased, due to the increase in the content of SS in the diet, and the highest levels of these fatty acids were found in the 100SS group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the roughage source represents an effective strategy for altering the fatty acid composition of goat milk, with evidence that the total mixed ration is an important determinant of ruminal unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the goat.
Proximate analysis and SDS-PAGE protein profiling of cassava leaves: utilization as leafy vegetable in Nigeria

Introduction: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important starchy food crop whose leaf is yet to be adopted and utilized as leafy vegetable and as potential protein source for monogastric animals in Nigeria. Providing more nutritional information and highlighting health benefits could encourage consumption, hence this study. Methodology: Twelve varieties of cassava were collected from farmers and Genetic Resources Centre of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Total protein content was estimated in supernatant using BSA as standard. Moisture, dry matter, protein, crude fat, ash, sodium and potassium contents were determined using standard protocols. Results: The proximate analysis show that crude protein percentage ranged from 11.81 in variety OsNo001 to 22.75 in variety IBA30572. Moisture content varied from 8.09 in OsNo001 to 10.90 in IBA011371 while ash content varied from 6.88 in IBA010040 to 9.64 in variety 1089A. Four varieties IBA950289, IBA980505, TMEB91934 and 1089A have richer proximate content in ash, protein, carbohydrate, and fat contents. The result of SDS-PAGE indicates the presence of proteins in all the cassava leaves analyzed. The SDS-PAGE cluster analysis generated four major cluster groups suggesting the presence of four types of protein. Conclusion: The cassava leaves are comparable to known leafy vegetables Amaranthus in nutritional and biochemical contents. It is evident that the protein content might be sufficient enough to adopt cassava leaves as a leafy vegetable based on the SDS-PAGE. Thus, the cassava varieties are good candidates for utilization as leafy vegetable to augment the exotic and known leafy vegetables in Nigeria.
SOFT MODEL CONSUMER ONLINE DECISION JOURNEY: MARKETING MIX, SOCIAL CULTURALO, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANISM AS A MODERATING EFFECT

This study aims to examine the moderating effects of external factors, namely marketing mix, social cultural, information technology, humanism in the journey of online consumer decisions. This study uses a population of banking managers/staff in the province of Central Java, Indonesia. Research uses the surve method. Data collection instruments with questionnaires sent by post. The number of respondents obtained was 100 people. Data collection techniques with random sampling are data collection methods that are done randomly. Instrument testing uses validity and reliability. Statistical analysis with Warppls, assuming the data is not normal distribution. The results showed that marketing mix, social cultural, information technology, humanism had no significant effect on the process of online consumer purchasing decisions. The contribution of marketing mix, social cultural, information technology and humanism as moderating variables in the online consumer decision-making process is relatively low (around 44%). In the online consumer context, the results of this study do not support the theory of Kotler (1999) because the external factors of online consumers do not affect online consumer purchasing decisions.
Carob and its Components in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders

Plant-derived compounds have demonstrated health benefits, including cancer preventive properties, increasing bone density, improving cardiovascular functions, reducing obesity, lowering cholesterol levels and delaying aging. Plants, fruits and their medicinal products are especially known for sustaining human health and preventing diseases. Importantly, certain plant-derived purified components, and their combinations, are also effective in the treatment of human diseases. In fact, over 60% of the drugs approved today by drug-regulatory agencies worldwide, are either directly isolated from natural sources, or are derived and inspired from natural lead compounds isolated from plants. Since recent efforts to develop novel drugs using purely synthetic approaches had little success, the interest in naturally-derived medicinal components and drugs that may benefit human health has been revived. Recent scientific reports suggest that carob, the beanlike fruit of Ceratonia siliqua, in addition to being a health-promoting food source, it is also useful in the prevention, or even the treatment of an array of diseases. Consequently, there is a pronounced interest, from both the general public and nutritional/ pharmaceutical scientists, in comprehending how carobs can be used in the improvement of human health. The active constituents found in carob, such as polyphenols, tannins, dietary fiber and sugars, along with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, have been found to be especially beneficial to the gastrointestinal tract and the digestive system. In this review we integrate findings derived from, principally, clinical studies and also in vitro and animal studies, focusing on the role of carob and its components in the management of gastrointestinal disorders, including gastro-esophageal reflex (GER), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), acute diarrhea and ulcerative colitis.
Int. J. Biosci

In agroecological conditions of South Serbia, the influence that row spacing has on sainfoin seeds yield and quality was examined. The Makedonka cultivar was sown at the row spacing of 20,40 and 60 cm. The three year average seed yield of 483.5 kg ha-1 was made. The first year yielded the lowest (256.1 kg ha-1), whereas the highest was in the third and last year of research (649.0 kg ha-1). With respect to the row spacing, the highest yields were achieved at 40 cm (514.3 kg ha-1), and the lowest at 20 cm (428.7 kg ha-1). The row spacing had a significant effect on the quality of the seed. The highest germination energy (86.7%), seed germination (90.4%), 1000 kernel weight (25.2 g), along with the lowest hard share of hard kernels (3.5 %) were obtained at 60 cm of row spacing. * Corresponding Author: Dragoljub Beković  dragoljub_bekovic @yahoo.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print), 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub. net Vol. 8, No. 5, p. 242-248, 2016
Critical Thinking, Reasoning, and Logical Concluding’ Abilities in relation to Academic Achievement among Indian Adolescent Students

The aim of this study was to investigate relationship between critical thinking ability and its relevant elements such as reasoning ability and logical concluding ability in relation to academic achievement among adolescent students. Sample of this study was 625 students from high schools and pre university colleges in Mysore city of India. Data has collected by stratified random sampling. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, One-Way ANOVA, and Spearman’ rho Coefficient have applied to examine generated hypotheses. Results indicated significance and positive correlation between critical thinking ability, reasoning ability, and logical concluding ability. Findings indicate critical thinking ability and its elements can be considered as a key feature to enhance academic achievement.
Controlling Digital Dermatitis: Copper Sodium Hypochlorite Versus Copper Sulfate Footbath

The objective of this study was to compare the odds of having a digital dermatitis (DD) lesion between a copper sodium hypochlorite solution (treatment; 2.5% copper sulfate footbath with 1.4L of sodium hypochlorite solution added) and 5% copper sulfate footbath (positive control). Holstein cows (n=66) were housed in two free stall barns (A and B). Footbath solutions were administered through two polyethylene footbaths. Cows in barn A passed through the positive control ten times per week and the solution was refreshed every other day. Cows in barn B passed through the treatment ten times per week and the solution was refreshed every day. Left and right rear hoof DD lesions were scored weekly for active or non-active DD lesions. The GENMOD procedure of SAS was used to analyze the odds of having an active lesion with each footbath solution for each hoof. The odds ratio of having an active lesion was 2.66 times greater (P=0.08; 95%CI=0.86 to 8.17) for the treatment compared to the positive control for the left rear hoof. The odds ratio of having an active lesion was 0.92 times lesser (P=0.89; 95%CI=0.30 to 2.91) for the treatment compared to the positive control for the right rear hoof. No differences were observed for active digital dermatitis lesions between the positive control and treatment footbath solutions.
Effect of Intellectual Capital on Performance of Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria

The study investigates the effect of intellectual capital on performance of non-financial firms in Nigeria. A sample of 21 Nigerian non-financial firms listed on Nigerian Stock Exchange for a period of 10 years (from 2007-2016) was selected. The main type of data used in this study is secondary; sourced from the Nigerian stock exchange fact book and internet. This study applied ex post facto research design. The data collected were analysed using Ordinary Least Square Method. The results show that for the Nigerian listed non-financial firms, the explanatory variables – capital employed efficiency, human capital efficiency and structural capital efficiency has positive significant effect on the dependent variable – earnings per share and market to book value (Performance). The study, therefore recommends among others that the organization can achieve sustainable value with investment on intellectual capital and with focusing on intellectual capital; they can move from the economy based on the tangible assets towards economy based on the intangible