Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of imaging subglacial hydrology beneath ice streams with ground-based electromagnetics KERRY KEY , 1 , 2

Subglacial hydrologic systems in Antarctica and Greenland play a fundamental role in ice-sheet dynamics, yet critical aspects of these systems remain poorly understood due to a lack of observations. Ground-based electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods are established for mapping groundwater in many environments, but have never been applied to imaging lakes beneath ice sheets. Here, we study the feasibility of passiveand active-source EM imaging for quantifying the nature of subglacial water systems beneath ice streams, with an emphasis on the interfaces between ice and basal meltwater, as well as deeper groundwater in the underlying sediments. We describe a suite of model studies that exam the data sensitivity as a function of ice thickness, water conductivity and hydrologic system geometry for models representative of a subglacial lake and a grounding zone estuary. We show that EM data are directly sensitive to groundwater and can image its lateral and depth extent. By combining the conductivity obtained from EM data with ice thickness and geological structure from conventional geophysical techniques, such as ground-penetrating radar and active seismic surveying, EM data have the potential to provide new insights on the interaction between ice, rock and water at critical ice-sheet boundaries.
The molluscan fauna of the Eocene Lillebælt Clay, Denmark

For the first time the molluscan fauna of the latest Ypresian-early Lutetian Lillebaelt Clay Formation of Denmark is treated monographically. The assemblage yielded 75 species. Four new species and one new subspecies are introduced, viz. Astarte filigera treldensis n. subsp. , Abra madseni n. sp. , Thracia barsoei n. sp. , Galeodea anderseni n. sp. and Desorinassa tonneseni n. sp. The molluscan assemblage contains species known from different stratigraphic levels of the British Eocene, where the Lillebaelt Clay correlates with the Bracklesham Group, based on micropalaeontological and magnetostratigraphical data. The molluscan fauna suggests water depths during deposition to have ranged from lower sublittoral to upper bathyal, probably 100-300 m.
Participatory prompting: a user-centric research method for eliciting AI assistance opportunities in knowledge workflows

Generative AI, such as image generation models and large language models, stands to provide tremendous value to end-user programmers in creative and knowledge workflows. Current research methods struggle to engage end-users in a realistic conversation that balances the actually existing capabilities of generative AI with the open-ended nature of user workflows and the many opportunities for the application of this technology. In this work-in-progress paper, we introduce participatory prompting, a method for eliciting opportunities for generative AI in end-user workflows. The participatory prompting method combines a contextual inquiry and a researcher-mediated interaction with a generative model, which helps study participants interact with a generative model without having to develop prompting strategies of their own. We discuss the ongoing development of a study whose aim will be to identify end-user programming opportunities for generative AI in data analysis workflows.
Federated Learning for Speech Recognition: Revisiting Current Trends Towards Large-Scale ASR

While automatic speech recognition (ASR) has witnessed remarkable achievements in recent years, it has not garnered a widespread focus within the federated learning (FL) and differential privacy (DP) communities. Meanwhile, ASR is also a well-suited benchmark for FL and DP as there is (i) a natural data split across users by using speaker information; (ii) heterogeneous data across speakers close to practical settings; (iii) interplay between acoustic and language modeling; (iv) and it is a sequence-to-sequence task. Recent production-ready state-of-the-art models in ASR include large conformer and transformer models, the optimization of which is known to pose challenges even for central training. While the main trends and benchmarks in FL and DP focus on small models, we show the necessity of disentangling optimization and model size: the behavior of FL and DP for large models is different from the one for small models. We speculate that FL and DP are harder for small models due to harder optimization problems even in central training. In this paper, we analyze the key FL parameters (optimizers, training from scratch or a seed model pre-trained centrally, cohort size, data heterogeneity) and propose first benchmark of FL with DP in the context of large models in ASR. We examine the applicability of prior results and present an overview of observed departures from the trends in prior works and from training different ASR models. Through this work, we provide researchers and practitioners in the fields of FL and DP with valuable insights into the fundamental differences that may arise when applying FL and DP research to large-scale ASR training.
Structure-activity relationships of the main bioactive constituents of Euodia ruticarpa on aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and associated bile acid homeostasis

RUT, rutaecarpine; SHP, small heterodimer partner; T-CA, taurocholic acid; T-DCA, taurodeoxycholic acid; T-HDCA, taurohyodeoxycholic acid. T-UDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TCM, Traditional Chinese medicine; TPSA, topological polar surface area; UGT, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; XRE, xenobiotic response elements. ABSTRACT Rutaecarpine (RUT), evodiamine (EOD) and dehydroevodiamine (DHED), are the three main bioactive indoloquinazoline alkaloids isolated from Euodia ruticarpa , a widely prescribed traditional Chinese medicine. Here, the structure-activity relationships of these analogues for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation were explored by use of Ahr -deficient ( Ahr -/- ) mice, primary hepatocyte cultures, luciferase reporter gene assays, in silico ligand docking studies and metabolomics. In vitro , both mRNA analysis of AHR target genes in mouse primary hepatocytes and luciferase reporter assays in hepatocarcinoma cell lines demonstrated that RUT, EOD and DHED significantly activated AHR, with an efficacy order of RUT > DHED > EOD. Ligand-docking analysis predicted that the methyl substitute at the N-14 atom was a key factor affecting AHR activation. In vivo , EOD was poorly orally absorbed and failed to activate AHR, while RUT and DHED markedly upregulated the hepatic AHR battery gene expression in wild-type mice, but not in Ahr -/- mice. Furthermore, RUT, EOD and DHED were not hepatoxic at the doses employed, however, RUT and DHED disrupted bile acid homeostasis in an AHR-dependent manner. These findings revealed that the methyl group at the N-14 atom of these analogues and their pharmacokinetic behaviors were the main determinants for AHR activation, and suggest that attention should be given to monitoring bile acid metabolism in the clinical use of Euodia ruticarpa .
Motoneuron Excitability Dysfunction in ALS: Pseudo-Mystery or Motoneuron Excitability Dysfunction in ALS: Pseudo-Mystery or Authentic Conundrum? Authentic Conundrum?

In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), abnormalities in motoneuronal excitability are seen in early pathogenesis and throughout disease progression. Fully understanding motoneuron excitability dysfunction may lead to more effective treatments. Yet decades of research have not produced consensus on the nature, role or underlying mechanisms of motoneuron excitability dysfunction in ALS. For example, contrary to Ca excitotoxicity theory, predictions of motoneuronal hyper-excitability, normal and hypo-excitability have also been seen at various disease stages and in multiple ALS lines. Accordingly, motoneuron excitability dysfunction in ALS is a disputed topic in the field. Specifically, the form (hyper, hypo or unchanged) and what role excitability dysfunction plays in the disease (pathogenic or downstream of other pathologies; neuroprotective or detrimental) are currently unclear. Although several motoneuron properties
Crip Solidarity Vulnerability as the Foundation of Political Alliances

Despite solidarity being a central term in discussions about political struggle and allyship, the concept is rarely connected to disability in the scholarly literature. Historically, solidarity has often been theorised with respect to ideas of contribution through work, whereas disabled people have been presumed to be unable to contribute to the common good. Hence, there is a need to crip our understanding of the concept. Drawing on feminist and disability theory, I argue that a recognition of a shared vulnerability that implies mutual dependencies can be figured as the foundation of solidarity. This can serve as the basis for political alliances between different groups struggling together for societies where we carry our shared vulnerability as equals. This way of understanding solidarity has implications far beyond the field of disability studies, not least as an antidote to the ubiquity of austerity and workfare, targeting disenfranchised groups as well as the working class more generally.
Abundances of disk and bulge giants from high-resolution optical spectra : I. O, Mg, Ca, and Ti in the solar neighborhood and Kepler field samples

Context. The Galactic bulge is an intriguing and significant part of our Galaxy, but it is hard to observe because it is both distant and covered by dust in the disk. Therefore, there are not many high-resolution optical spectra of bulge stars with large wavelength coverage, whose determined abundances can be compared with nearby, similarly analyzed stellar samples. Aims. We aim to determine the diagnostically important alpha elements of a sample of bulge giants using high-resolution optical spectra with large wavelength coverage. The abundances found are compared to similarly derived abundances from similar spectra of similar stars in the local thin and thick disks. In this first paper we focus on the solar neighborhood reference sample. Methods. We used spectral synthesis to derive the stellar parameters as well as the elemental abundances of both the local and bulge samples of giants. We took special care to benchmark our method of determining stellar parameters against independent measurements of effective temperatures from angular diameter measurements and surface gravities from asteroseismology. Results. In this first paper we present the method used to determine the stellar parameters and elemental abundances, evaluate them, and present the results for our local disk sample of 291 giants. Conclusions. When comparing our determined spectroscopic temperatures to those derived from angular diameter measurements, we reproduce these with a systematic difference of +10 K and a standard deviation of 53 K. The spectroscopic gravities reproduce those determined from asteroseismology with a systematic offset of +0.10 dex and a standard deviation of 0.12 dex. When it comes to the abundance trends, our sample of local disk giants closely follows trends found in other works analyzing solar neighborhood dwarfs, showing that the much brighter giant stars are as good abundance probes as the often used dwarfs. (Less)
The impact of self-efficacy and math anxiety on the mathematical communication ability of 7-grade students

: The primary aim of this study is to assess the influence of self-efficacy and math anxiety on the proficiency of mathematical communication among Class VII students enrolled in State Junior High Schools within the Depok District. The research methodology employed is quantitative in nature, employing an ex-post facto correlational descriptive approach. The study encompasses the entire population of Class VII students across all State Junior High Schools within the Depok District, with a sample size of 190 students selected through cluster random sampling. Data collection involves employing questionnaires to gauge students' levels of self-efficacy and math anxiety, alongside descriptive tests to evaluate their aptitude in mathematical communication. Preceding the analysis, preliminary tests are conducted to assess linearity and multicollinearity. The data analysis procedure encompasses multiple regression analysis, in addition to t and F tests, to ascertain both individual and collective impacts. The findings reveal the absence of a discernible impact from self-efficacy and math anxiety on the mathematical communication skills of Class VII students in State Junior High Schools located in the Depok District. For subsequent researchers, it is recommended to carefully consider the construction of questionnaire statements to ensure their comprehensibility among students.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Adults with Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Background and objective: To review the number of total hip replacements (THA) performed in our hospital, determine their aetiology and identify how many of them were performed for hip osteoarthritis secondary to Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study reviewing all THA surgeries from 2008 to December 2021. We studied the pre-operative radiographs, determining the aetiology of the osteoarthritis, laterality, sex and age of the patient at the time of surgery. Results: We reviewed a total of 1103 hips in 935 patients. Primary hip osteoarthritis accounted for 81% of the cases. We gathered a total of 11 hips from 10 individuals (1%), with a mean age of 61 years, for hip osteoarthritis secondary to LCPD. Con-clusions: There is evidence that femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI), which results in early secondary hip osteoarthritis, may be influenced by changes in the growth of the proximal femoral physis or overgrowth of the greater trochanter, which are characteristics of LCPD. We believe that certain cases of “misclassified” primary hip osteoarthritis may have been incorrectly identified since no additional information was found to support the diagnosis of secondary hip osteoarthritis, hiding the potential of an alternate, evolved aetiology. Furthermore, we suggest monitoring young patients with LCPD after their growth is complete in order to detect early FAI and provide arthroscopic therapeutic options.
Accuracy of Second Trimester Prediction of Preterm Accuracy of Second Trimester Prediction of Preterm Preeclampsia by Three Different Screening Algorithms Preeclampsia by Three Different Screening Algorithms

Background: Preeclampsia is a condition unique to pregnancy, which can lead to significant maternal and fetal morbidity and death. Early detection of women at greater risk of preeclampsia helps avoid and treat early illness. Aim of the work: current study aimed to compare the performance of the NICE guidelines, the ACOG recommendations and (FMF) algorithm for the early detection of preeclampsia. Patients and Methods: Current study was a cohort prospective study included 400 women who attended for their routine antenatal care during the second trimester. All demographic and clinical data and follow up cases collected. Results: The incidence of preeclampsia was 9.3%. There was a significant older age (28.89±2.74 vs 27.55±2.88) and increase in patient weight, height and BMI among PE cases. Also, there was a statistical significant raising in the cesarean section mode of delivery (45.9% vs 26.4%), ovulation induction (24.3% vs 6.1%) and high mean of arterial pressure (113.46±2.34 vs 92.09±2.98 mmHg), and Doppler ultrasound, the uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) (1.05±0.30 vs 0.55±0.14) among PE cases. On the other hand, there was a statistical significant decrease in fetal GA at delivery (37.0±1.49 vs 38.19±1.10 weeks), decrease of fetal birth weight, Apgar score at first and fifth minutes among females developed PE. Conclusion: Screening for early preeclampsia in second trimester using maternal history, mean arterial pressure and mean uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index (FMF algorithm) was better than screening by maternal characteristics alone (NICE and ACOG guidelines).
Characterization of Second-Generation Snacks Manufactured from Andean Tubers and Tuberous Root Flours

Andean roots, such as zanahoria blanca, achira, papa China, camote, oca, and mashua, contain high amounts of dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and fructo-oligosaccharides. This study aimed to demonstrate the possibility of obtaining healthy second-generation (2G) snacks (products obtained from the immediate expansion of the mixture at the exit of the extruder die) using these roots as raw materials. Corn grits were mixed with Andean root flour in a proportion of 80:20, and a Brabender laboratory extruder was used to obtain the 2G snacks. The addition of root flour increased the water content, water activity, sectional expansion index, hygroscopicity, bulk density, and water absorption index but decreased the porosity. However, all 2G snacks manufactured with Andean root flour showed better characteristics than did the control (made with corn grits) in texture (softer in the first bite and pleasant crispness) and optical properties (more intense and saturated colors). The developed snacks could be considered functional foods due to the high amount of carotenoids and phenolic compounds they exhibit after the addition of Andean root flours. The composition of raw roots, specifically the starch, fiber, and protein content, had the most impact on snack properties due to their gelatinization or denaturalization.
Mišično-skeletna obolenja zaposlenih pri delu z računalnikom

Obolenja roke, vratu in/ali rame so najpogostejša posledica dolgotrajnega dela z računalnikom. Poleg fizičnih dejavnikov na delovnem mestu je njihova prevalenca povezana s psihosocialnimi in osebnimi dejavniki tveganja. Namen raziskave je bil oceniti prevalenco obolenja rok, vratu in/ali rame pri pisarniških delavcih v izbranem slovenskem podjetju. Ugotavljali smo povezanost teh obolenj in dejavnikov tveganja. V kvantitativno obdelavo podatkov je bilo vključenih 65 preiskovancev, večinoma žensk (86,2 %), v starosti med 28 in 59 let. Spletna različica Maastrichtskega vprašalnika za zgornji ud je bila poslana preko elektronske pošte zaposlenim, ki pretežno delajo z računalnikom. Z metodo opazovanja so bili proučevani dejavniki delovnega mesta. Najpogosteje so bila navedena obolenja vratu s prevalenco 0,48. Eksploratorna faktorska analiza je izločila dvanajst faktorjev, med njimi jih je nekaj izkazalo povezanost z obolenji vratu in zgornjega uda. Pri opazovanju je bilo največ nepravilnosti na delovnem mestu zaznanih pri naslonjalu stola in postavitvi slikovnega zaslona. Prevalenca mišično-skeletnih obolenj zgornjega uda preiskovancev je primerljiva z dvema slovenskima raziskavama in raziskavami v drugih državah razvitega sveta. Ugotovitve o povezanosti z dejavniki tveganja in obolenji se v naši raziskavi malce razlikujejo od ugotovitev drugih raziskav.
Print Durability and Recyclability of Label Paper Equipped with Printed RFID Antenna

Labels are a crucial component of products, offering informational content and attractive visuals; therefore, the durability of the print is an important quality requirement. On the other hand, in accordance with eco-design, the recyclability of printed labels is vital. In our research, the focus was on the assessment of the durability, recyclability, and deinkability of printed label paper equipped with printed RFID tags. The determined color fastness of electrophotographic prints affected by various environmental factors showed good resistance to dry rubbing and, in most cases, light and moist–heat treatment, confirming the applicability of digital printing on self-adhesive biodegradable paper labels. In the second part of this study, recyclability was assessed, and a comparison between the deinkability of the offset and digital prints and two conductive functional inks was conducted. Good deinkability was observed for the printed RFID antennas on both the offset and electrographic prints, with only a small deterioration in optical properties, especially when nano-silver conductive ink was used. The study highlights the importance of the selection of materials and printing techniques when considering the environmental impact of printed electronics. The results showed that INGEDE 11 is a suitable deinking method for printed RFID antennas on offset and electrographic prints.
Phantosmia in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review of the Phenomenology of Olfactory Hallucinations

Olfactory dysfunction is a prevalent non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting approximately 65–90% of subjects. PD patients may also report odor perception in the absence of any external source, often referred to as olfactory hallucinations (OHs) or phantosmia. This study aims to explore the current understanding of OHs in PD and offer a comprehensive overview of their prevalence and characteristics. We conducted a systematic search of the literature published on PubMed from inception to July 2023 regarding OHs in PD, following PRISMA guidelines. From the 2875 studies identified through database searching, 29 studies fulfilled the necessary criteria and underwent data extraction. The frequency of OHs in PD patients varies widely, ranging from 0.5% to 18.2%, with female prevalence ranging from 36% to 75% of the patients. Olfactory experiences may vary widely, ranging from pleasant scents to unpleasant odors. Several studies have indicated the concurrent presence of other types of hallucinations alongside phantosmia, especially visual and auditory hallucinations. OHs in PD are a type of hallucination that has been largely overlooked. To gain a deeper understanding of OHs in PD patients, the next crucial step should involve the development and validation of a dedicated questionnaire.
Effective Vessel Recognition in High Resolution SAR Images Using Quantitative and Qualitative Training Data Enhancement From Target Velocity Phase Refocusing

Along with vessel detection, vessel recognition in high-resolution SAR images was necessary in order to monitor marine vessels effectively; however, the lack of target data and phase defocusing of the target from its velocity limited the recognition performance, especially when using detectors based on artificial intelligence. This study accordingly proposed effective vessel recognition in high-resolution ICEYE spotlight SAR images consecutively using 1) vessel detector robust to defocused moving vessels and 2) mitigation of moving target phase distortion. In order to apply quantitative and qualitative training data enhancement, a target velocity SAR phase refocusing function was developed. The proposed target velocity SAR phase refocusing function generated a defocused SLC image with respect to different target azimuth velocities, which can be used for both training data augmentation and refocusing of velocity-induced phase distortion. Achievement of stable vessel recognition performance was enabled by 1) robust vessel detection on defocused moving vessels and 2) well-focused detected vessel targets, both of which were consecutively applied using the proposed target velocity SAR phase refocusing function. Vessel detection results demonstrated robust performance regardless of vessel motion, and vessel recognition results significantly improved after phase refocusing, both of which were subject to quantitative and qualitative training data enhancement. The performance of the proposed algorithm was analyzed both in terms of phase focusing and velocity estimation. Refocusing performance outperformed that of conventional state-of-the-art autofocusing algorithm, modified Phase Gradient Autofocusing, while azimuth velocity estimation derived the average offset of 0.68 m/s, which was regarded more accurate than previous azimuth velocity estimators based on single-channel SAR image.