Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contact Erosion Pattern of DC Break Arcs

Contour figures of crater structures and changes of erosion pattern were examined as a function of operations for break arcs on Au, Ag, Cu, and Ni contacts in a resistive circuit. Erosion pattern and crater structures estimated from the cathode spot behavior were confirmed, and the distinctive crater structures for each contact material were estimated by observing and analyzing closely the cathode spot behavior after a large number of operations. The size of eroded area for each contact corresponded to the values of the maximum moving width (l mw ) of the cathode spot behavior for each contact material. A knowledge of the formation of the uniform erosion pattern was discussed from the present results.
A review of compositional data analysis and recent advances

Abstract Compositional data are positive multivariate data with unity sum constraint that have emerged over the last years in numerous scientific fields. Ever since, numerous models and approaches have been proposed for analyzing such data in the last 40 years. We list some of their properties and difficulties and review many techniques proposed over this period. In particular, we focus on transformations, distributions, regression models, discriminant analysis and clustering techniques, dimensionality reduction techniques, variable selection algorithms and finally we list some books and R packages developed for compositional data analysis.
Visual, Haptic, and Bimodal Perception of Size and Stiffness in Virtual Environments

Human psychophysical experiments were designed and conducted to investigate the effect of 3D perspective visual images on the visual and haptic perception of size and stiffness in multimodal virtual environments (VEs). Virtual slots of varying length and buttons of varying stiffness were displayed to the subjects, who then were asked to discriminate their size and stiffness respectively using visual and/or haptic cues. The results of the size experiments show that under vision alone, farther objects are perceived to be smaller due to perspective cues and the addition of haptic feedback reduces this visual bias. Similarly, the results of the stiffness experiments show that compliant objects that are farther are perceived to be softer when there is only haptic feedback and the addition of visual feedback reduces this haptic bias. Hence, we conclude that our visual and haptic systems compensate for each other such that the sensory information that comes from visual and haptic channels is fused in an optimal manner.
Terrain Effects on Regional Precipitation in a Warm Season over Qinling-Daba Mountains in Central China

The terrain effects of Qinling–Daba Mountains on reginal precipitation during a warm season were investigated in a two-month day-to-day experiment using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. According to the results from the terrain sensitivity experiment with lowered mountains, Qinling–Daba Mountains have been found to have an obvious effect on both the spatial-temporal distribution and diurnal cycle of reginal precipitation from July to August in 2019, where the Qinling Mountains mainly enhanced the precipitation around 34° N, and the Daba Mountains mainly enhanced it around 32° N at the time period of early morning and midnight. Horizontal distribution of water vapor and convective available potential energy (CAPE), as well as cross section of vertical velocity of wind and potential temperature has been studied to examine the key mechanisms for these two mountains’ effect. The existence of Qinling Mountains intercepted transportation of water vapor from South to North in the lower troposphere to across 34° N and caused an obvious enhancement of CAPE in the neighborhood, while the Daba Mountains intercepted the northward water vapor transportation to across 32° N and caused an enhanced CAPE nearby. The time period of the influence is in a good accordance with the diurnal cycle. In the cross-section, the existence of Qinling Mountains and Daba Mountains are found to stimulate the upward motion and unstable environment effectively at around 34° N and 32° N, separately. As a result, the existence of the two mountains lead to a favorable environment in water vapor, thermodynamic, and dynamic conditions for this warm season precipitation.
Strategic demand information sharing under partial cross ownership

We consider a two-echelon supply chain with partial cross ownership (PCO) comprising a supplier and a retailer. The retailer is endowed with superior information about uncertain market potential. The supplier must produce the product before the market potential is realized. We explore the retailer’s strategy to share his private demand information with the supplier via cheap talk. We demonstrate that when the proportion of partial cross holding shares is moderate, the retailer can disclose private demand information truthfully. Without PCO, this informative equilibrium cannot be achieved regardless of the acquired signal. With PCO, the retailer wants to obtain a sufficient production quantity if the realized demand is high and fears the cost of unsold products if the realized demand is low. These two countervailing incentives can cause the retailer to share his information truthfully. We find that this truthful information sharing benefits both the retailer and the supplier. In addition, we discuss the case of endogenous wholesale price and indicate the conditions in which truthful information sharing can be achieved. Moreover, we find that when the market potential follows a general continuous distribution, the perfect informative equilibrium does not exist.
The Relative Age Effect in Czech U14 Male and Female Tennis Players in 2007–2016

The issue of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) has been long researched, discussed and published both in the academic and coaching community and the number of studies on it in various sports has significantly grown in recent years. The aim of this study was to verify the existence of RAE among Czech male (n = 6552) and female (n = 4131) junior tennis players and to identify possible differences in birthdate effect between male and female players. The research was carried out in players registered in the years 2007–2016 in the U14 age category in Czech Tennis Association (CTA) database; the athletes were divided into three subgroups (‘Ranked’, ‘Top 100’, ‘Top 10’). Research data were analysed by the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics: relative and absolute frequency, chi-square goodness of fit test () and chi-square test of independence () with the use of effect size (ES index w). A declining tendency of frequencies from Q1 to Q4 between male and female junior players was proven in all three subgroups.In the whole period of 2007–2016, a significant and strong RAE was demonstrated only in the ‘Top 10’ male subgroup (RAE was significant and ES was small or trivial in the other two subgroups). Among the female players, RAE was significant in all three subgroups (ES was small or trivial). Gender differences in RAE in favour of male players were significant in ‘Top 100’ and ‘Ranked’ (ES was small or trivial in all three subgroups). In the short and long term, RAE can have significant implications for the sport development of athletes; both coaches and the professional public can therefore be recommended to pay attention to this issue. The impact of RAE in sport, i.e. the uneven distribution of athletes’ birthdates, is more pronounced especially among junior athletes and often significantly affects their sports development and career.
Can High-Dose Eicosatetraenoic Acid Get a Place as a Plaque Modifier?

agents were decided at each physician’s discretion not by randomization. As a consequence, significant differences exist in the type of statin and on-treatment LDL-C among the 4 groups. In particular, given that patients receiving high-dose EPA+DHA and high-dose EPA exhibited a lower on-treatment LDL-C level, this lipid management may slow their plaque progression rate. Second, it is important to evaluate the efficacy of therapies under guideline-recommended LDL-C control, whereas the on-treatment LDL-C level in the current study subjects was >70 mg/dL. Whether high-dose EPA still works even in ACS patients who achieve on-treatment LDL-C <70 mg/dL remains unknown. Third, calcification is considered as a contributor to plaque stabilization, but in the high-dose EPA and high-EPA groups, calcification was not promoted. Further investigation is required into whether high-dose EPA truly stabilizes coronary atherosclerosis after ACS. Further studies are required to clarify whether high-dose EPA favorably modifies plaque quality and quantity in statin-treated ACS patients with optimal LDL-C control. To date, several RCTs have used a variety of plaque imaging modalities to investigate the efficacy of n-3 fatty acids on coronary atherosclerosis6–14 (Table). Although 6 studies reported a reduction of plaque volume or a plaque stabilization effect in those receiving EPA, others did not show any positive findings. In addition, subanalysis of the STRENGTH study reported that achieving a greater EPA level with the agent did not necessarily reduce cardiovascular events.15 These inconsistent observations indicate the complicated properties of EPA and DHA in vivo. Further elucidation of their physiological and biological effects in circulation is needed to determine whether “high-dose” EPA truly modulates coronary atherosclerosis under statin therapy.
Shunt series LC circuit for compact coplanar waveguide notch filter design

A shunt series LC resonant circuit based on an open version of an interconnected split ring resonator (OISRR) is proposed. This OISRR exhibits half the resonant frequency of the split ring resonator, allows a parallel connection with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) section and according to its frequency response is an attractive cell for compact CPW notch filter design. 3 dB stop-band bandwidth lower than 4.5% with more than 11 dB insertion loss in the stop-band can be achieved with a CPW loaded with a single OISRR. The experimental results have confirmed the possibilities of this OISRR, which can be easily connected to CPW antennas to reject undesirable signals.
Water Point Mapping for the Analysis of Rural Water Supply Plans: Case Study from Tanzania

In Tanzania, like in many other countries in the Sub-Saharan region, the government is implementing an ambitious rural water supply and sanitation plan (RWSSP) to increase access to water from 53% in 2005 to 90% by 2025. This paper exploits water point mapping (WPM) data to evaluate the principles underlying the design of this program and reveals some challenges for the rapid increase of access to water. The data set of water points analyzed accounts for 15% of the country’s total rural population. The results show that the inaccuracy of the baseline used for the program design, difficulties faced by underserved districts in keeping the water points functional, and the differences between the expected and real long-term functionality of the water points, especially for hand pumps, are the primary threats to the achievement of the targets. It is suggested that more effort be put into capacity building, particularly the supervision of construction, and the support of community-owned management during the first years of operation.
The Importance of Similarity: How Gender Congruence Matters for the Impact of Leadership Training

Leadership training is key to promoting more active leadership, but the effects of leadership training can depend on the gender context. Gender congruence between manager and employee can affect how the manager employs leadership behaviors adapted from training and how employees perceive leadership behavior. Quantitative data on 474 managers’ 4,833 employees before and after a large-scale field experiment with leadership training enable us to examine changes in employee-perceived leadership following training. The results show that gender congruence between manager and employee is associated with stronger leadership training effects on employee-perceived leadership behaviors. Female gender congruence shows the most pronounced effects.
Corporate social responsibility and biotechnological foods: an experimental study on consumer’s behaviour

Purpose New food technologies based on biotechnological organisms are increasingly becoming a cause for debate and conflicting discussions. This paper aims to investigate hypothetical consumer behaviour, and the willingness to pay (WtP), towards a specific type of genetically modified food in relation to particular indications on the label about the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives by manufacturing companies. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose a choice experiment was used on a representative sample of more 1,300 Italian families, interviewing the component in charge of the buying choices within the selected household. A random parameter logit-error component model allows for heterogeneity in consumer preferences and potential correlation across utilities and across taste parameters. Beyond investigating consumers’ preferences regarding that product through a choice experiment, the aim was to detect the drivers of that purchase and preference heterogeneity across consumers’ choice, and the WtP, for the products with those features. Findings Results also offer a topic for further discussion and are useful for companies’ strategies to understand how to address such concerns through appropriate CSR policies. The main results are: CSR initiatives always have a strong effect on consumer choice; the price is consistently important, exerting a negative influence in the decision-making process for individuals; consumers may also know possible effects of genetically modified foods, but that does not always translate into purchase behaviour. Originality/value The research considers a particular link between genetically modified food and CSR not addressed in details; moreover, it is also based on the author’s own previous research and is its natural continuation and development, but also important for future researches.
Distribution and Assembly Processes of Soil Fungal Communities along an Altitudinal Gradient in Tibetan Plateau

In soil ecosystems, fungi exhibit diverse biodiversity and play an essential role in soil biogeochemical cycling. Fungal diversity and assembly processes across soil strata along altitudinal gradients are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the structure and abundance of soil fungal communities among soil strata and elevational gradients on the Tibetan Plateau using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of internal transcribed spacer1 (ITS1). The contribution of neutral and niche ecological processes were quantified using a neutral community model and a null model-based methodology. Our results showed that fungal gene abundance increased along altitudinal gradients, while decreasing across soil strata. Along with altitudinal gradients, fungal α-diversity (richness) decreased from surface to deeper soil layers, while β-diversity showed weak correlations with elevations. The neutral community model showed an excellent fit for neutral processes and the lowest migration rate (R2 = 0.75). The null model showed that stochastic processes dominate in all samples (95.55%), dispersal limitations were dominated at the surface layer and decreased significantly with soil strata, while undominated processes (ecological drift) show a contrary trend. The log-normal model and the null model (βNTI) correlation analysis also neglect the role of niche-based processes. We conclude that stochastic dispersal limitations, together with ecological drifts, drive fungal communities.
Approximate and Exact Solutions to Fractional Order Cauchy Reaction-Diffusion Equations by New Combine Techniques

In this paper, we present a simple and efficient novel semianalytic method to acquire approximate and exact solutions for the fractional order Cauchy reaction-diffusion equations (CRDEs). The fractional order derivative operator is measured in the Caputo sense. This novel method is based on the combinations of Elzaki transform method (ETM) and residual power series method (RPSM). The proposed method is called Elzaki residual power series method (ERPSM). The proposed method is based on the new form of fractional Taylor’s series, which constructs solution in the form of a convergent series. As in the RPSM, during establishing the coefficients for a series, it is required to compute the fractional derivatives every time. While ERPSM only requires the concept of the limit at zero in establishing the coefficients for the series, consequently scarce calculations give us the coefficients. The recommended method resolves nonlinear problems deprived of utilizing Adomian polynomials or He’s polynomials which is the advantage of this method over Adomain decomposition method (ADM) and homotopy-perturbation method (HTM). To study the effectiveness and reliability of ERPSM for partial differential equations (PDEs), absolute errors of three problems are inspected. In addition, numerical and graphical consequences are also recognized at diverse values of fractional order derivatives. Outcomes demonstrate that our novel method is simple, precise, applicable, and effectual.
Traditional Climate and Environment Forecasting Based on Local Knowledge of Urug Societies in Bogor West Java

The aim of this research to find out about Indigenous of Knowledge Urug Community for forecasting climate and environment dynamic toward community resilience. The research method used is the ethnographic approach or cultural anthropology. Ethnography is sorts of qualitative research that need observation, documentary and interview in local societies. Ethnographic deal with discovers about description about culture including local knowledge, behaviour, cultural, ritual, traditional ceremonies, and language of Urug community. The selection of sample as informant exert purposive sampling technique. The result is probed meticulously through triangulation technique and triangulation sources. The result shows that the Indigenous community have implemented the sort of Traditional and calendar years with animals symbol for forecasting season and climate. The community can adapt season and climate dynamic and create community resilience for environment and climate. Besides that, there is the connection of planting local paddy to attaint community resilience including environmental change, cultural and social resilience.
COMPREH ENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY Mild processing of seafood—A review

Recent years have shown a tremendous increase in consumer demands for healthy, natural, high-quality convenience foods, especially within the fish and seafood sector. Traditional processing technologies such as drying or extensive heating can cause deterioration of nutrients and sensory quality uncompilable with these demands. This has led to development of many novel processing technologies, which include several mild technologies. The present review highlights the potential of mild thermal, and nonthermal physical, and chemical technologies, either used alone or in combination, to obtain safe seafood products with good shelf life and preference among consumers. Moreover, applications and limitations are discussed to provide a clear view of the potential for future development and applications. Some of the reviewed technologies, or combinations thereof, have shown great potential for non-seafood products, yet data are missing for fish and seafood in general. The present paper visualizes these knowledge gaps and the potential for new technology developments in the seafood sector. Among identified gaps, the combination of mild heating (e.g., sous vide or microwave) with more novel technologies such as pulsed electric field, pulsed light, soluble gas stabilization, cold plasma, or Ohmic heat must be highlighted. However, before industrial applications are available, more research is needed.
Overplanning factor in Toyota's formula for computing the number of kanban

To determine the number of required kanban, Toyota uses a formula based on the average demand during an order picking cycle, inflated by a constant overplanning factor β. This technical note attempts to characterize the situations where the simplicity of Toyota's formula reconciles with the established operations research paradigm of optimality. The overplanning policy examined in this paper could also be applied to other production inventory control models under uncertainty.
A Real-Time and Non-contact Pulse Rate Measurement System on Fitness Equipment

Traditional fitness equipment usually equips with a contact-type device to measure heart rate (HR), which may limit the user’s hand movements and expose the user to risks of contagious diseases. A camera-based method for non-contact HR measurement has been used to solve the above problems; however, the method has the problem of motion artifact to be dealt with. In this article, we proposed an adaptive skin color detection method and several new pulse rate measurement methods in the frequency-domain to increase the accuracy of pulse rate measurement based on the previously proposed chrominance-based adaptive filter and normalization (CADN) and domain selection scheme (DSS) method. The experimental results reveal that the mean absolute error and root mean square error (MAE/RMSE) of pulse rate measurement in real-time are 2.11/2.93, 2.43/3.44, and 2.26/3.45 beats per minute (bpm) for biking, stepping, and treadmill exercises, respectively. Compared with the previous CADN + DSS method, the proposed methods can improve the accuracy of pulse rate measurement.
The Importance of Perceived School Climate and Personal Strengths Use for Psychological Functioning among High School Students

The aim of this study was to determine the importance of high school students’ personal strengths use and the perceived school climate on their psychological functioning. The sample of 258 students from a gymnasium filled in measures for adolescent psychological functioning, strengths use and perceived school climate. Contrary to what was expected, the results revealed that personal strengths use did not moderate the relationship between students’ perceived school climate and their psychological functioning. However, both factors – perceived school climate and strengths use – independently of each other, significantly predicted students’ psychological functioning. Therefore, in order to achieve more positive developmental outcomes, it is not enough to create a good climate at school, it is also important to create opportunities for students to use their personal strengths.
Jaugeage par radar mobile, protocole et résultats

La technique de mesure des vitesses de surface par radar mobile séduit les équipes d'hydrométrie du fait de sa rapidité et de la simplicité de sa mise en œuvre pour des jaugeages en crue. Les radars mobiles viennent ainsi compléter la flotte d'instruments déjà disponible dans les équipes. L'intérêt de ces radars et de cette technique est de pouvoir explorer le champ de vitesse de surface sans contact avec la rivière. Le calcul du débit à partir de ces mesures partielles nécessite des mesures complémentaires, notamment de bathymétrie et de hauteur d'eau. L'évaluation du coefficient de vitesse est aussi un point important. Cette technique est particulièrement bien adaptée aux mesures en crue. Cette étude présente le protocole de mesure proposé par Irstea pour le jaugeage par radar mobile, qui propose notamment une solution de déploiement pour les cas où la hauteur d'eau varie très rapidement dans le cours d'eau. Des cas d'application sur des sites variés sont présentés notamment lorsque la technique par radar a été testée et comparée avec d'autres méthodes. Les résultats sont très encourageants.