Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Flow Sensing for Schooling Swimmers

Fish schooling implies an awareness of the swimmers for their companions. In flow mediated environments, in addition to visual cues, pressure and shear sensors on the fish body are critical for providing quantitative information that assists the quantification of proximity to other fish. Here we examine the distribution of sensors on the surface of an artificial swimmer so that it can optimally identify a leading group of swimmers. We employ Bayesian experimental design coupled with numerical simulations of the two-dimensional Navier Stokes equations for multiple self-propelled swimmers. The follower tracks the school using information from its own surface pressure and shear stress. We demonstrate that the optimal sensor distribution of the follower is qualitatively similar to the distribution of neuromasts on fish. Our results show that it is possible to identify accurately the center of mass and the number of the leading swimmers using surface only information.
Modern depository institutions , runs and liquidity ∗

We show in this article that bank runs caused by self-fulfilling panics do not occur in an economy exposed to idiosyncratic liquidity shocks with endogeneous money creation. To do so, we modify the model by Diamond and Dybvig (JPE, 1983) to include inside money. Our depository institutions issue nominal demandable claims when new loans are originated, and manage a demand for reserves to offset liquidity risk. Unlike the previous literature wherein banks ensure the optimal amount of real liquidity, we argue that the uncontingent nature of nominal deposit contracts does not allow banks to provide efficient risk-sharing. JEL classification: G21, E42
The Road to Volunteering is Paved with Good Intentions: Volunteering in Immigrant Congregations as a Response to Religious, Social and Instrumental Motivations

The literature on volunteering has consistently found a positive relationship between an individual’s religious proclivity and volunteering. However, one might argue that for immigrants wishing to integrate – socially and economically – into a host society, the decision to volunteer will be equally influenced by other instrumental motives. Thus, we propose three theoretical frameworks that might explain volunteering in immigrant congregations: 1) religious beliefs, 2) social influence of peer congregants and authoritative clergy, and 3) perceived instrumental benefits of enhancing human and social capital. Using a sample of 495 congregants from 23 ethnic immigrant congregations in Philadelphia, we examine the effects of each of these motivations on immigrant volunteering. Findings suggest that among all first-generation immigrants, volunteering is strongly associated with religious beliefs, but among recent immigrants the decision to volunteer is further explained by instrumental motivations and social influence of peer congregants. A discussion of these results for volunteer administration follows.
Histological Typing Of Lung And Pleural Tumours

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Menengai Geothermal Field-Eastern Upflow

In Menengai, increased production drilling and subsequent modeling has greatly improved the understanding of the geothermal system. Menengai hosts a structurally controlled geothermal system and the focal drilling targets are thus structures of proven permeability and high temperature to yield productive wells. Some studies and improvement of ideas have been ongoing as more data becomes available, and various misconceptions have been rectified. Remarkably, the area to the east of the caldera was never a high priority for exploratory drilling based on two assumptions; (1) that the area lacked permeability due to absence of obvious surface structures and (2) there was the possibility of a cooling effect by cold meteoric water channeled by the Solai structure, both of which are now obsolete. Subsurface data show that the major reservoir begins at the quartz-illite-epidote zone; this zone exhibits two distinct doming features suggesting 2 upflow zones. One is in the vicinity of MW-15 and the other within the central caldera area. This zone indicates alteration temperatures of over 230°C. Accordingly, gas chemistry of fumarole MF-2 situated to the immediate north of MW-15 yields the highest equilibrium temperature estimate for the reservoir and low CO2/H2S ratio suggesting that it could be positioned within or near an upflow area in Menengai. Well MW18A fluid discharge chemistry results appears to be benign and shows relatively low concentrations of carbonates compared to the other wells in Menengai.
Polymorphism, Allelic and Genotypic Frequencies of κ-Casein and β-LG genes in Egyptian Buffaloes

With a view to detecting the genotypes of both κ-CN and β-LG genes in native populations of Egyptian buffalo using PCR-RFLP technique, 80 randomly, individuals were selected from five geographical locations of some Egyptian provinces. Also, to estimate the population genetic parameters such as, allelic and genotypic frequencies, heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) of these studied genes. For genotyping, 453 bp PCR product of κ-CN was digested with AcuI and HpyCH4IV (Isoschizomer for MaeII) restriction enzymes while the 247 bp PCR product of β-LG was digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme. PCR-RFLP results discovered polymorphism at the level of κ-CN gene in all studied Egyptian buffaloes with two distinct alleles “A” and “B”. PCR-RFLP analysis for κ-CN gene using both restriction enzymes successfully detected that polymorphic status of the studied populations. We recommended using AcuI enzyme which was more capable for differentiating between homozygous (17%) and heterozygous (83%) individuals than HpyCH4IV enzyme which defined only 4% of homozygous individuals and the remaining was heterozygous (96%) individuals. Existence of heterozygosity excess in all studied populations referred to higher degree of genetic variability between individuals within these populations. On contrary, results of PCR-RFLP at the level of β-LG gene revealed a monomorphic pattern of Egyptian buffaloes and genotyped as “AA” animals which signified that PCR-RFLP assay with HaeIII enzyme for β-LG gene failed to discover any evidence of polymorphism in Egyptian buffalo under the circumstances of this study or all studied animals possess only one allele.
Fatigue and the Intensity of Behavioral Restraint – Considering Significance for Health and Self-Control

We describe an emerging analysis of fatigue influence on behavioral restraint and consider its potential significance for two central concerns of contemporary restraint investigators: (1) adverse health effects of restraint, and (2) fatigue influence on self-control. Regarding health, the analysis provides a conceptual framework for anticipating restraint intensity and therefore possible risk. It also draws attention to a pathological pathway through which restraint could generate some adverse health outcomes. Regarding self-control, the analysis conveys a perspective that could markedly improve our prediction of relevant outcomes and has focused significance for crises that have been identified in relation to the influential limited resource analysis of self-control developed by Baumeister and colleagues. Crisis concerns have led some to conclude that the limited resource analysis should be discarded. The present behavioral restraint analysis goes against this grain, suggesting that the limited resource analysis might wisely be retained and afforded the chance to mature – among other things, incorporating elaborated effort components.
E-Learning Readiness among Faculty Members of Iranian Universities: A Survey of 23 Universities

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the level of e-learning readiness among the faculty members in Iranian universities. Methods: This is a survey research and the statistical population included all faculty members of 23 selected Iranian universities in March-September 2018. The population of the study included about 750 professors selected through simple random sampling. The instrument of study was a questionnaire titled “Evaluation of Instructors’ Readiness for E-learning in Iranian Universities”. Its content and face validity were verified by professionals, and its reliability was measured through Cronbach’s Coefficient alpha which was (0.72-0.86). To analyze the data, descriptive and mean, SD statistics (independent T-test) were used. Results: The average e-readiness score of professors from the 23 selected universities amounted to approximately 4.3 out of 10, which is indicative of a relatively “weak” e-readiness status. Also, the score of over 60% of the criteria was “less than average”. Conclusion: Given the decreasing numbers of e-learning students in Iran, the results of this study show that one of the important reasons for the failure in the development of universities’ e-learning systems can be the lack of e-learning readiness among instructors.
Non-linear state-space models for estimating and forecasting financial volatility evolution: disentangling some knots

We present two integrated algorithms tailored to the estimation and forecasting associated with the stochastic volatility model. We consider the characteristics of these models and highlight what we think are still some incorrect results presented in the literature. The financial volatility evolution is an important subject that is addressed by many financial econometric models. As it is not directly observable, state-space models have assumed an important role for such analysis. Very sophisticated methods have been presented to estimate the parameters and forecast through these models. Some layers of extra complexity have led to the development of algorithms for estimation and forecasting that are more error prone when compared with simpler versions, which are more robust than the ones aforementioned.
THE IMPACTS OF SPIRITUAL CAPITAL TOWARDS CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES: A CASE STUDY OF THE GOVERNMENT LINKED COMPANIES (GLCS) IN MALAYSIA

The Malaysian regulators and agencies, such as the Securities Commission (SC), the Bursa Malaysia (BM) and the Malaysian Institute of Corporate Governance (MICG), have issued many Codes and guidelines to improve the governance practices among Malaysian businesses. The recently released Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG 2012), the Corporate Governance Blueprint 2011 (Blueprint) as well as the Bursa Malaysia Listing Requirement seems inadequate to instill good governance practices among Malaysian companies. Since corporate governance (CG) revolves around people and the present Codes and guidelines focus more on structural and physical setting of corporations, it is vital to alleviate the problem via a humanistic approach. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the influence of spiritual capital (SpC) in improving the CG practices in Malaysian businesses. SpC is classified as the important fourth component of intellectual capital. SpC governs how the other three capitals (human capital, structural capital and customer capital) should be used. SpC is the “intangible knowledge”, faith, belief and emotion embedded in the minds and hearts of individuals and in the heart of organisations. It focuses on the interrelationships, interconnectedness and interdependency for sustainable development with the view to achieve companies’ objectives. Previous researches reveal that good CG practices can be achieved by changing the mindset of the players in an organization. Important players in an organization such as the Board of Directors, Board Audit Committee, the internal auditors or even the shareholders must embrace the understanding that good business is not just about achieving the desired financial bottom line by being competitive, but by also being ethical and sustainable (MCCG 2012). Using Rasch modeling technique, the study is expected to come up with a new model based on the attributes of SpC that also can be used by SC, BM or MICG in coming up with new guidelines or Codes or complementing the existing ones.
Resampling uncertainty of Principal Components Factors

In the context of Dynamic Factor Models (DFM), one of the most popular procedures for factor extraction is Principal Components (PC). Measuring the uncertainty associated to PC factor estimates should be part of interpreting these estimates. Although, the asymptotic distribution of factors is known, for the sample sizes and cross-sectional dimensions usually encountered in practice, it is not an appropriate approximation to the nite sample one. The main problem is that it does not take into account parameter uncertainty. Alternatively, several bootstrap procedures have been proposed in DFM with goals related to inference. We show that these procedures are not appropriate to measure the uncertainty of PC factor estimates and propose a resampling procedure designed with this purpose. The asymptotic and nite sample properties of the proposed procedure are analyzed and compared with those of the asymptotic and alternative extant bootstrap procedures. The results are empirically illustrated obtaining con dence intervals of the underlying factor in a system of Spanish macroeconomic variables and in a system of house prices of advanced and emerging markets.
Optimal Monetary Policy According to Hank

We study optimal monetary policy in an analytically tractable heterogeneous agent New Keynesian model with rich cross-sectional heterogeneity. Optimal policy differs from a representative agent benchmark because monetary policy can affect consumption inequality, by stabilizing consumption risk arising from both idiosyncratic shocks and unequal exposures to aggregate shocks. The trade-off between consumption inequality, productive efficiency, and price stability is summarized in a simple linear-quadratic problem yielding interpretable target criteria. Stabilizing consumption inequality requires putting some weight on stabilizing the level of output, and correspondingly reducing the weights on the output gap and price level relative to the representative agent benchmark. (JEL E12, E23, E31, E32, E52, E62)
Patterns of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Computed Tomography at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Hepatocellular cancer is the commonest liver cancer which contributes to a high incidence of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Despite the anticipated high burden of the disease in the country, there is paucity of data on the associated risk factors and its pattern on imaging. The aim of this study was to assess Computed Tomography patterns and the risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods A cross-sectional, prospective study on patients with a diagnosis of HCC on Computed Tomography examination, at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from July, 2016 to July, 2017. All patients who had characteristic Computed Tomography features and those who were diagnosed by Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)/biopsy and had Computed Tomography examination were included in the study. Risk factors identified were reviewed from patients' medical records. Result A total of 70(n=70) patients were included in the study. The mean age was 50 ± 16 years. Fifty-seven (81.4%) of the participants were males, and 13(18.6%) were females. Forty-five (64.3%) of them came from urban areas and 25(35.7%) of them were from rural areas. The lesions were focal in 52(74.3%) and infiltrative in 18(25.7%) of the cases. Vascular invasion and distant metastases were seen in 49(70%) and 17(24.3%) respectively. Twenty-nine (41%) had negative hepatitis markers, and 13(19%) were not investigated for hepatitis infection. Conclusion The majority of the patients presented with advanced disease such as vascular invasion and metastases. The major risk factors such as hepatitis infection were negative in significant number of patients. The risk factors in our setting should be studied further. Moreover, high-risk group selection and screening is essential to diagnose HCC early.
The Efficacy of Imatinib in Unresectable/Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract. Their pathogenesis is largely based on gain-of-function mutations in the c-kit proto-oncogene, resulting in constitutive activation of the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase. Historically, there were limited options for the medical management of GIST, with tumor recurrence frequently observed following complete surgical resection of primary localized GIST and a grim prognosis for patients with unresectable or metastatic disease. However, the introduction of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib mesylate has had a major impact on treatment outcomes for these patients with GIST. Imatinib is currently approved for the treatment of patients with KIT/CD117-positive unresectable and/or metastatic malignant GISTs. Initial therapy with the conventional 400mg/day dose is highly recommended in these patients, while a higher dose (800mg/day) has shown promise in patients who have KIT exon 9-mutant GIST and those who experience disease progression on the conventional dose. Neoadjuvant therapy has also been shown to be safe and beneficial as a palliative treatment.
Manipulated Votes and Rule Compliance ∗

We design an online experiment with large voter groups to study how vote buying and partial disenfranchisement of the electorate during a referendum affects voluntary compliance with elected rules of redistribution. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental paper to study whether the well-documented positive behavioral effects of democratic institutions are sensitive to electoral manipulation. We establish a strong negative effect of manipulative interventions: When votes have been bought or parts of the electorate been excluded from the ballot, subjects comply significantly less with elected rules that ask them to share part of their income with other members of the experimental society. Analyzing beliefs, we find no evidence that treatment effects are driven by strategic concerns regarding the behavior of other subjects. Rather, subjects seem to react intrinsically to violations of the idea of inclusive and unbiased elections. Treatment effects are found mainly among individuals who—in a questionnaire that is presented as an unrelated survey two weeks after the experiment—indicate a high valuation of democratic institutions and little justifiability for bribes and (political) lobbying in the real world. JEL classifications: D01 , D02 , D72 , D91 , C9
Rederivation of transgenic rodent models expressing disease modified tau protein-a report

Currently, the vast majority of biomedical studies are performed on specific pathogen free (SPF) animals which need to be free of pathogens that may affect animal welfare and confound the validity of experimental data (Van Keuren and Saunders, 2004; Shek et al., 2008; Amstislavsky et al., 2013; Mähler et al., 2014). Rederivation enables the production of SPF Rederivation of transgenic rodent models expressing disease modified tau protein a report
Estimation of residental water demand. Accounting for susbstitution patterns and non-linear income effects

Most estimations of residential water income and price elasticities are based on single equation models that rely on the assumptions of separability of water consumption with respect to other goods -i.e. assuming that household water consumption does not depend on the price of other goodsand linear income effects on water consumption -either linearities in Engel curves or income elasticities that are constant for every level of income-. In this paper, we relax these assumptions by using a more flexible system of demand estimation, the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (Banks et al., 1997), and we uncover that substitution and complementary patterns as well as nonlinearities in Engel curves for water consumption do exist in our sample. In this context, QUAIDS functional specification is expected to be more consistent with observed consumer behavior. Our results seem to confirm this fact; when compared to the linear, log-linear and double-log models commonly used in water demand estimation, QUAIDS seems to produce a better overall fit and adjusts better to the asymmetry of the real distribution of water consumption.
A perturbation analysis of Markov chains models with time-varying parameters

We study some regularity properties in locally stationary Markov models which are fundamental for controlling the bias of nonparametric kernel estimators. In particular, we provide an alternative to the standard notion of derivative process developed in the literature and that can be used for studying a wide class of Markov processes. To this end, for some families of V−geometrically ergodic Markov kernels indexed by a real parameter u, we give conditions under which the invariant probability distribution is differentiable with respect to u, in the sense of signed measures. Our results also complete the existing literature for the perturbation analysis of Markov chains, in particular when exponential moments are not finite. Our conditions are checked on several original examples of locally stationary processes such as integer-valued autoregressive processes, categorical time series or threshold autoregressive processes.
EFFECT OF THE PSYCHO-EMOTIVE DIMENSION OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR PARASTATALS IN KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the moral and psycho-emotive dimensions of ethical leadership on employee commitment among senior managers in the transport sector parastatals in Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted positivist philosophy and descriptive correlational research design. The target population was 253 senior managers in the transport sector parastatals. A sample of 153 senior managers was selected from the target population using the stratified random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Correlation analysis found a positive and significant relationship between the moral dimension and employee commitment, r (111) = . 68, p < . 05, and also between the psycho-emotive dimension and employee commitment r (111) = . 79, p < . 05. Results of multiple linear regression indicated that 55% of the variance in employee commitment were caused by the moral dimension, R 2 = . 55 , F (1,111) = 137.93 , p < . 05 ; β = . 72, p < . 05, while 62% of the variance in employee commitment were caused by the psycho-emotive dimension, R 2 = . 62 , F (1,111) = 179.95 , p < . 05; β = . 77 , p < . 05. Ethical climate was found to significantly moderate the relationship between the moral and psycho-emotive dimensions of ethical leadership and employee commitment, R 2 = . 67, F (7,105) = 30.56, p < . 05; β = . 24, p < . 05. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Previous studies on ethical leadership have focused on the ethical characteristics of the leader and behavioral traits in the Western settings. This study has provided an in-depth examination of ethical leadership and its effect on employee commitment in the African context.