Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical activity of future health care professionals: adherence to current recommendations.

BACKGROUND When assessing physical activity (PA), particular attention should be paid to medical university students who are taught to be health care professionals (HCPs) responsible for maintaining health in humans. However, different studies have shown that HCPs exhibit the same unhealthy behaviors as the general population. This study analyzed PA among medical university students of different faculties and their adherence to current PA recommendations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from 216 medical university students of physiotherapy, dietetics and pharmacy, including males (N = 44) and females (N = 172), the mean age of 22.3±1.8 years, were collected. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire in its long form (IPAQ-LF) was used to assess and classify PA behaviors. The results were analyzed in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations regarding PA. RESULTS Over 60% of all the students were classified as active during all-day activity. However, while analyzing PA in different domains, the same shares of all the students were still insufficiently active during leisure time, and so they did not meet the recommendation of >75 min/week of vigorous PA, >150 min/week of moderate PA or an equivalent combination. All the students self-reported PA mainly in the work and transport domains. Generally, physiotherapy students were the most active and performed PA with higher intensity. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a low level of leisure time PA among the students, and no habit of regular PA. Some changes in medical education should be suggested to include physical education as a long-term subject in medical school curricula. Future research is needed to investigate the exercise barriers that students perceive, which can guide future interventions aimed at improving their PA, and thereby impact on the quality of health care which they will provide. Med Pr. 2020;71(5).
Can decreased monocyte to HDL‐cholesterol ratio be a marker indicating the anti‐inflammatory effect of the colchicine in Behçet's disease? A preliminary study

Behçet's disease (BD) is an auto‐inflammatory disease characterized by systemic vasculitis. Monocyte to HDL‐cholesterol ratio (MHR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are used as inflammatory markers in many disorders. Colchicine decreases inflammation by suppressing the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. This study aims to examine the effects of colchicine treatment on MHR, MLR, and NLR levels of the patients with BD. In this study, 80 patients, who were with mild/moderate/severe BD based on the Krause's Clinical Severity Scoring for BD and received colchicine treatment for at least 3 months, were evaluated retrospectively. The results of MHR, MLR, NLR, and other hematological parameters were assessed in three groups as follows: precolchicine treatment (Group 1), at the end of the 1st month of the treatment (Group 2), and at the end of the 3rd month of the treatment (Group 3). A total of 80 patients involving 39 (48.75%) females and 41 (51.25%) males, who were treated with colchicine due to the diagnosis of BD, were examined in this study. The mean age of the patients was 36.85 ± 10.659 (18‐59) years. The findings showed that there was a statistically significant reduction in MHR, MLR, and NLR levels of postcolchicine treatment (P = .0004, P = .0007, and P = .0003, respectively). MHR level was 0.015 ± 0.005 in Group 1, 0.013 ± 0.004 in Group 2, 0.011 ± 0.004 in Group 3, while MLR level was 0.346 ± 0.131 in Group 1, 0.277 ± 0.098 in Group 2, 0.229 ± 0.08 in Group 3, and NLR level was 2.528 ± 0.999 in Group 1, 2.001 ± 0.672 in Group 2, 1.704 ± 0.619 in Group 3. A significant association was found between the MHR value of pretreatment and the clinical severity of BD (P = .04). The findings obtained in this study suggest that we can determine the anti‐inflammatory impact of colchicine in BD using MHR, MLR, and NLR markers, and MHR can also be a potential index for assessing the disease activity of BD.
Egg Stage of Homalodisca vitripennis and Homalodisca liturata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): Ovometrics, Embryonic Development, and Nonparasitic Mortality

ABSTRACT Morphometric and developmental aspects of the egg stage of glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), and Homalodisca liturata Ball were investigated. Considerable overlap exists between the two species with respect to egg length, width, and clutch size, making these variables unreliable in identifying their eggs to species. Embryonic development of the two species was observed at constant temperatures ranging from 8.7 to 40.4°C. No signs of development were observed at 8.7°C, development was aborted early in development at 11.5°C, and egg masses were desiccated at 40.4°C. For both species, rates of embryonic development increased linearly with increasing temperatures from 16.7 to 25.6°C, peaked at 31.2°C, and decreased between 32.9 and 35.0°C. Based on linear regression, the minimum thresholds for embryonic development were 12.0 and 12.6°C, and heat unit requirements were 111.4 and 104.5 degree-days for H. vitripennis and H. liturata, respectively. We quantified four physiological states of embryonic development, based on eye spots being normally developed, centrally developed, reversed, or undeveloped. The prevalence of these states did not differ significantly between the two species and comparing data from the laboratory versus the field. However, higher experimental temperatures tended to increase the prevalence of abnormally developed eye spots. Nonparasitic mortality of Homalodisca eggs in five field host plants was attributed to undeveloped-abnormally developed embryos and to the inability of first-instar nymphs to emerge from eggs. These causes of mortality varied among host plants. Eggs on mule fat tended to have a higher proportion of undeveloped-abnormally developed eggs, whereas on jojoba, Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider, a higher prevalence of dead but fully developed embryos was observed inside eggs.
An Effective Mobile Visual Searching Algorithm Based on the Bag-of-Words Method for Furniture Images

With the popularity of smart phones nowadays, image retrieval on mobile devices has been applied on a wider scale. To balance the eﬃciency and performance, an image retrieval algorithm which consists of two matching steps is proposed for furniture images captured by mobile devices (named mobile images). In the ﬁrst stage, similar images are quickly obtained by the rough matching algorithm based on the bag-of-words (BOW) method. In the second stage, the most similar image is selected from the selection of similar images using the ﬁne matching algorithm based on ORiented Brief (ORB). There are four main contributions in this paper. Firstly, add a spatial relationship to BOW features, an image is divided into three circular parts: the inner, middle and outer parts. Secondly, a feature point extraction method on concentric circles is proposed, which are resistant to geometric attack. Thirdly, the Gabor local line-based feature (GALIF) descriptor is improved by changing the ﬁlter object from the line to areas and overcome its weakness of low eﬃciency and rotation-sensitivity. Finally, a new image signature matching strategy is proposed based on Euclidean distance and a scale invariant feature to improve matching accuracy. Experimental results on a database with thousands of images show that our algorithm can retrieve mobile images quickly and precisely.
Populations of in silico myocytes and tissues reveal synergy of multiatrial‐predominant K+‐current block in atrial fibrillation

Pharmacotherapy of atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, remains unsatisfactory due to low efficacy and safety concerns. New therapeutic strategies target atrial‐predominant ion‐channels and involve multichannel block (poly)therapy. As AF is characterized by rapid and irregular atrial activations, compounds displaying potent antiarrhythmic effects at fast and minimal effects at slow rates are desirable. We present a novel systems pharmacology framework to quantitatively evaluate synergistic anti‐AF effects of combined block of multiple atrial‐predominant K+ currents (ultra‐rapid delayed rectifier K+ current, IKur, small conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ current, IKCa, K2P3.1 2‐pore‐domain K+ current, IK2P) in AF.
Phytohormone cytokinin guides microtubule dynamics during cell progression from proliferative to differentiated stage

Cell production and differentiation for the acquisition of specific functions are key features of living systems. The dynamic network of cellular microtubules provides the necessary platform to accommodate processes associated with the transition of cells through the individual phases of cytogenesis. Here, we show that the plant hormone cytokinin fine‐tunes the activity of the microtubular cytoskeleton during cell differentiation and counteracts microtubular rearrangements driven by the hormone auxin. The endogenous upward gradient of cytokinin activity along the longitudinal growth axis in Arabidopsis thaliana roots correlates with robust rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton in epidermal cells progressing from the proliferative to the differentiation stage. Controlled increases in cytokinin activity result in premature re‐organization of the microtubule network from transversal to an oblique disposition in cells prior to their differentiation, whereas attenuated hormone perception delays cytoskeleton conversion into a configuration typical for differentiated cells. Intriguingly, cytokinin can interfere with microtubules also in animal cells, such as leukocytes, suggesting that a cytokinin‐sensitive control pathway for the microtubular cytoskeleton may be at least partially conserved between plant and animal cells.
Metabolic responses of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees to long-term forest management practices and acute (NH4 )2 SO4 fertilization: transport of soluble non-protein nitrogen compounds in xylem and phloem.

From laboratory experiments with seedlings and young trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), a cycling pool of soluble non-protein N compounds is thought to be indicative of the N-nutritional status of trees. In order to test whether this assumption can be transferred to mature trees grown in the field, xylem sap and phloem exudate were collected from spruce trees in two remote forest stands: (1) a N-limited stand (Villingen site), and (2) a stand where trees are sufficiently supplied with N from the soil (Schluchsee site). Trees at these sites were c. 80-100 (Villingen site) and c. 40-60 (Schluchsee site) yr old. In addition to untreated control areas, one entire watershed area at both sites was subjected to (NH2 )2 SO4 fertilization to the soil. In the xylem sap of the spruce roots at both sites Gln, Asp and Arg were the dominant total soluble non-protein nitrogen (TSNN) compounds. In the xylem sap of the trunk and the twigs Arg was virtually absent and Gln plus Asp dominated TSNN. On average, TSNN in the xylem sap of trees at the Schluchsee site was 1·5-2-fold higher than those at Villengen. Highest TSNN contents in the xylem sap were found during growth and development of current year tissues, while the lowest TSNN contents were found in summer. At the Villingen site (NH4 )2 SO4 fertilization caused an increase in the Gln content in the xylem sap of all tree sections analysed as well as an increase in the Arg content in the xylem sap of the roots. At the Schluchsee site only a small increase in TSNN contents of the xylem was observed, mostly in the xylem sap of the roots. In phloem exudates TSNN contents were much higher in trees on the Schluchsee than on the Villingen site. The seasonal pattern of TSNN in phloem exudates was similar to the seasonal pattern found in the xylem sap. During spring and early summer Gln was the predominant TSNN compound in phloem exudates, but during late summer and autumn Arg became predominant. At the Villingen site (NH4 )2 SO4 fertilization caused a significant increase in TSNN contents in phloem exudates of twigs and roots, but at Schluchsee an increase in TSNN was found only in phloem exudates of the roots. At both field sites Arg that was not transported to the shoot by xylem transport, was allocated from the leaves to the roots by phloem transport and was cycled within the root system by both xylem and phloem transport. From these results it is calculated that shoot-to-root signalling by long-distance transport of amino compounds can also contribute to the regulation of N-nutrition of mature spruce trees. Apparently, the internal cycling of individual N compounds within spruce trees differs considerably.
Factors associated with the use of Dental Health Services by Mexican Schoolchildren to receive Professionally Applied Topical Fluoride.

OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with the use of dental health services to receive professionally applied topical fluoride (DHSU-PATF) in the 12 months prior to the study among Mexican schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 1,404 schoolchildren selected randomly from 15 public schools in the city of Pachuca, Mexico. Questionnaires were distributed to determine the demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables. The dependent variable was the DHSU-PATF in the year before the study, which was dichotomized as 0 (no DHSU-PATF) or 1 (yes, DHSU-PATF). We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. The analysis was performed in Stata 11.0. RESULTS The prevalence of DHSU-PATF was 5.1%, but lower among younger children (OR = 0.86) and greater among children with health insurance (private insurance, OR = 3.64; insurance provided by the government owned oil company, the Army, or the Navy, OR = 5.03). The level of knowledge about oral health among guardians/ parents was also a factor (medium, OR = 2.37; high, OR = 4.05). Additionally, among the children whose parents/guardians perceived them (the children) as having good or very good oral health, the OR was 3.33; among children whose parents brushed their teeth with greater relative frequency, the OR was 8.74. Finally, DHSU-PATF was greater among children with relatively higher socioeconomic status (2nd quartile, OR = 3.29; 3rd quartile, OR = 5.99; 4th quartile, OR = 4.64). CONCLUSION The receipt of PATF was low in this sample of Mexican schoolchildren and is associated with socioeconomic and behavioral factors. This gives us a guideline to create or improve topical fluoride application strategies in the public and private Mexican health systems.
Cost per responder analysis of guselkumab versus targeted therapies in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in Germany

Abstract Background The fully human monoclonal antibody guselkumab is an effective treatment option for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the cost per responder of guselkumab compared with other targeted therapies for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in Germany. Methods A one-year cost per responder model was developed based on efficacy and safety data from a published network meta-analysis. Drug, treatment administration, resource use, and adverse event costs were included in the analysis. The primary analysis assessed the cost per Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 90 responder at week 16. Additional analyses were conducted at year 1. In the year 1 analyses, treatment response was assessed at the end of the induction period (week 16) to determine which patients continued onto maintenance therapy (responders) and which patients moved onto a subsequent adalimumab or secukinumab therapy (non-responders). Results At week 16, the cost per PASI 90 responder was lower for guselkumab than all comparators except adalimumab and brodalumab. Similarly, in the year 1 analyses, guselkumab had a lower cost per PASI 90 responder than all comparators except brodalumab. Conclusions Guselkumab is a cost-effective therapy option in Germany.
The relevance of systematics in choosing priority areas for global conservation

While some researchers suggest that higher taxon richness be used for setting conservation priorities, others claim that even data on ‘accepted species’ are inadequate, and that documentation of the finest patterns of differentiation is needed. The significance of taxonomic resolution was assessed using distributional data for 798 Andean bird species, which were recorded in 15′ × 15′ grid cells. This dataset was used because of the fine spatial resolution and the complex biogeographic patterns in this region. The primary database served as a template for creating three new databases, namely for genera, broadly defined biospecies and phylogenetic species. With this spatial resolution, the taxic richness ‘hotspots’ were roughly the same on all taxonomic levels, but the ratio between generic and species richness increased towards the biologically-poor high plateaus. Richness ‘hotspots’ covered only a small fraction of the endangered species. ‘Hotspots of endemism’ provided better guidance, and complementarity was decidedly best, but with generic data neither of these approaches were effective. On the other hand, the recognition of phylogenetic species revealed few new areas of endemism which were not also apparent using ‘accepted’ species. The analyses drew attention to aggregates of endemic species which are often sited in areas immediately adjacent to areas with dense human populations, possibly because traditional human settlements relied on ecoclimatic conditions which also determined the peaks of endemism. Since data are available for some taxonomic groups for detailed analysis of species data, there is little reason to base the conservation planning on coarser surrogates.
TRAP-LURE COMBINATIONS FOR SURVEILLANCE OF ANASTREPHA FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

Trap/lure combinations were tested against populations of Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) and Anastrepha ludens (Loew) as substitutes for the traditional glass McPhail trap. Open-bottom, plastic traps baited with a two component synthetic lure (ammonium acetate and putrescine) caught as many and sometimes more fruit flies than the McPhail trap baited with torula yeast. Sex ratio of flies caught with the synthetic lure was similar to that caught with torula yeast, i.e., generally female biased, but variable among seasons and locations. The synthetic lure attracted fewer non-target insects giving a substantial time savings in trap maintenance. Moreover, the synthetic lure was effective for ten weeks without replacement. Propylene glycol antifreeze increased captures significantly and improved preservation of specimens when used as the trap liquid compared to water. Dry jar traps and cardboard sticky traps were ineffective in comparison with the liquid baited traps.
Transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of Cambodian influenza A/H5N1 viruses

ABSTRACT Influenza A/H5N1 has circulated in Asia since 2003 and is now enzootic in many countries in that region. In Cambodia, the virus has circulated since 2004 and has intermittently infected humans. During this period, we have noted differences in the rate of infections in humans, potentially associated with the circulation of different viral clades. In particular, a reassortant clade 1.1. 2 virus emerged in early 2013 and was associated with a dramatic increase in infections of humans (34 cases) until it was replaced by a clade 2.3. 2.1c virus in early 2014. In contrast, only one infection of a human has been reported in the 6 years since the clade 2.3. 2.1c virus became the dominant circulating virus. We selected three viruses to represent the main viral clades that have circulated in Cambodia (clade 1.1.2, clade 1.1.2 reassortant, and clade 2.3.2.1c), and we conducted experiments to assess the virulence and transmissibility of these viruses in avian (chicken, duck) and mammalian (ferret) models. Our results suggest that the clade 2.3. 2.1c virus is more “avian-like,” with high virulence in both ducks and chickens, but there is no evidence of aerosol transmission of the virus from ducks to ferrets. In contrast, the two clade 1 viruses were less virulent in experimentally infected and contact ducks. However, evidence of chicken-to-ferret aerosol transmission was observed for both clade 1 viruses. The transmission experiments provide insights into clade-level differences that might explain the variation in A/H5N1 infections of humans observed in Cambodia and other settings.
Care Delivery for Children With Epilepsy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Survey of Clinicians

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on global access to care and practice patterns for children with epilepsy. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, online survey of pediatric neurologists across the world affiliated with the International Child Neurology Association, the Chinese Child Neurology Society, the Child Neurology Society, and the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium. Results were analyzed in relation to regional burden of COVID-19 disease. Results: From April 10 to 24, 2020, a sample of 212 respondents from 49 countries indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed many aspects of pediatric epilepsy care, with 91.5% reporting changes to outpatient care, 90.6% with reduced access to electroencephalography (EEG), 37.4% with altered management of infantile spasms, 92.3% with restrictions in ketogenic diet initiation, 93.4% with closed or severely limited epilepsy monitoring units, and 91.3% with canceled or limited epilepsy surgery. Telehealth use had increased, with 24.7% seeing patients exclusively via telehealth. Changes in practice were related both to COVID-19 burden and location. Conclusions: In response to COVID-19, pediatric epilepsy programs have implemented crisis standards of care that include increased telemedicine, decreased EEG use, changes in treatments of infantile spasms, and cessation of epilepsy surgery. The long-term impact of these abrupt changes merit careful study.
Environmental, Health and Sociodemographic Determinants Related to Common Mental Disorders in Adults: A Spanish Country-Wide Population-Based Study (2006–2017)

Common mental disorders (CMD) represent a serious, growing public health concern, especially in women. The aims of this study were to report the prevalence of CMD among the adult population in Spain, to analyze the time trends from 2006 to 2017 and to explore the associations between CMD and gender, in relation to the perceived environmental and sociodemographic problems and clinical factors. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted including 48,505 participants aged 16 to 64 years old who had participated in the Spanish National Health Surveys in 2006, 2011/2012 and 2017. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables associated with CMD by gender. The prevalence of CMD was 20.4% in 2006, 20.8% in 2011/2012 and 16.9% in 2017 (p = 0.36). In women, the probability of having a CMD was higher in widowed or separated/divorced compared with single individuals and as the perception of distressing noise levels from outside the home increased. The probability of CMD was lower as the level of education increased in men. Foreigners and those with limitations due to health problems, chronic conditions and worse perceived health were more likely to suffer from a CMD in both women and men.