Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General The Bittersweet Taste of Sacrifice: Consequences for Ambivalence and Mixed Reactions

People in close relationships often need to sacrifice their own preferences and goals for the partner or the relationship. But what are the consequences of such sacrifices for relationship partners? In this work we provide a systematic investigation of the consequences of sacrifice in romantic relationships, both for the person who gives up their goals as well as for the recipient of these benefits. In five studies combining experience sampling and experimental methods, we examined whether performing and receiving sacrifices is linked to the experience of ambivalence, that is, mixed feelings toward a partner. In the last three studies, we also examined the specific positive and negative reactions associated with sacrifice. Results revealed that performing and receiving sacrifices are both linked to ambivalence toward a romantic partner. Recipients of sacrifices experienced higher negative mood, guilt, and feelings of indebtedness, but these were accompanied by higher positive mood, gratitude, and feeling appreciated by the partner. Sacrificers mostly experienced negative reactions, such as higher negative mood, frustration, and feelings of exploitation, but they also reported some positive reactions, such as feeling happy from benefitting their partner, proud of themselves for being a good partner, and had increased expectations that their partner would reciprocate the sacrifice in the future. In sum, this work provides the first comprehensive study of the emotional reactions that are triggered by sacrifice and shows that sacrifice is a double-edged sword with both positive and negative consequences. Implications for sacrifice and ambivalence are discussed.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, in press An Investigation of the Role of Grapheme Units in Word Recognition

In most current models of word recognition, the word recognition process is assumed to be driven by the activation of letter units (i.e., that letters are the perceptual units in reading). An alternative possibility is that the word recognition process is driven by the activation of grapheme units, that is, that graphemes, rather than letters, are the building blocks of reading. If so, there must be representational units for multi-letter graphemes like CH and PH which play a key role in this process. We examined this idea in four masked priming experiments. Primes were created by transposing, replacing entirely or removing one component of either multi-letter graphemes or two adjacent letters that each represented a grapheme, using both English and Spanish stimuli. In none of the experiments was there any evidence of differential priming effects depending on whether the two letters being manipulated formed a single grapheme or formed two separate graphemes. These data are most consistent with the idea that multi-letter graphemes have no special status at the earliest stages of word processing and, therefore, that word recognition is, indeed, driven by the activation of units for individual letters.
A variable velocity flow routing algorithm for GCMs

A global hydrological routing algorithm is developed for use in the coupled general circulation model (GCM) of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCMA). Unlike existing schemes that use a constant velocity in surface flow routing calculations, this approach uses a time-evolving velocity that depends on the amount of runoff generated in the GCM land grid cell. The scheme uses Manning's equation to estimate flow velocities for a river channel with rectangular cross section. The river flow directions at the required GCM resolution are obtained from 1 ° river flow directions using an algorithm that requires minimal manual intervention. With the use of a suitable roughness coefficient for natural channels in Manning's equation and all other parameters determined from the existing literature, the scheme does not require calibration of parameters and can be used directly in GCMs. Simulated streamflow is compared with observed hydrographs at the mouths of major rivers to show that the scheme performs satisfactorily.
Tectonics of short‐lived intra‐arc basins in the arc‐continent collision terrane of the Coastal Range, eastern Taiwan

The Coastal Range in eastern Taiwan was originated from an oblique collision between the Luzon volcanic arc and Asian continent since the late Neogene. In this collision terrane, two intra-arc basins, the Pliocene Chingpu and Pleistocene Chengkung basins, were developed on the eastern part of the Neogene Chimei and Chengkuangao volcanic islands, respectively, prior to their accretion to eastern Taiwan. The tectonic evolution of these Neogene volcanic islands and associated intra-arc basins is reconstructed by stratigraphic and sedimentological analysis, igneous rock geochemistry, and comparison with observations in modern collision zone in the regions off southeastern Taiwan. In the Coastal Range, the intra-arc basin sequences are 1.5–10 km wide and 40 km long, comparable in size to their modern analogues in the active collision zone. The basin axis trends subparallel to the volcanic ridge. In both basins, deepwater flysch overlies shallow marine reef carbonates, which in turn rest on volcanic basement, indicating rapid arc collapse (minimum rate of 1 km/m.y.) soon after the arc-continent collision. The arc collapse occurred earlier in the north (Chimei, between 5.1 and 3.5 Ma) and later in the south (Chengkuangao, between 2.9 and 1.8 Ma), in concert with a southward propagation of the oblique collision. Sedimentation ended about 2 Ma and 1 Ma in the Chingpu and Chengkung basins, respectively, coeval with rotation of the Neogene volcanic islands. This suggests that the rotation inverted the intra-arc basin into thrusting, uplifting, and final emergence. Thus the duration of sedimentation for the intra-arc basins spanned only about 0.8–3.1 m.y. On the basis of land geology, offshore observations, and a clay model experiment simulating oblique arc-continent collision, a model for the intra-arc basin evolution in eastern Taiwan is proposed. During the collision, strike-slip faults would have been developed in the eastern part of volcanic islands to induce transtension movements, thus forming pull-apart, intra-arc basins on the collapsed volcanic island. This mechanism is believed to be responsible for the formation of the Pliocene Chingpu and Pleistocene Chengkung basins as well as the present-day offshore intra-arc basins found on the Lutao and Lanhsu volcanic islands. The two intra-arc basins on Lutao and Lanhsu are predicted to be short lived. As collision continues, these two basins, together with their underlying northern part of the Luzon arc, will be rotated, thrust, and uplifted in the next 1 m.y. and, finally, will become part of the southern extension of the Coastal Range.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Covid-19 in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Jalgaon district was one of worst hit hotspot in Covid- 19 outbreak in 2021. Pediatric patients were also affected and some of them were even hospitalized for the same. The present retrospective study was undertaken in pursuit of throwing light on clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients diagnosed with Covid- 19 infection. Material(s) and Method(s): All children up to 12 years of age admitted to this tertiary care hospital (DCH) between period of March 19, 2021 and August 7, 2021 enrolled for the study. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. SARS-CoV-2 positive children were confirmed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or rapid antigen test. Result(s): Of the 56 patients who were diagnosed as Covid 19 positive, 32 (57%) patients were males. On age analysis, majority of the patients belonged to the age group 1 month to 5 years are 30 (54%). Amongst clinical features, fever was most commonly encountered symptom. Twenty-one (37%) patients in the present study were classified as category D of disease severity. Abnormal chest X-ray was found in 41 (73%) patients. Twenty-four (43%) patients had oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 94% at room temperature, out of which 6 (25%) of the patients required only oxygen, 14 (58%) of the patients required non-invasive ventilation in the form of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with oxygen and 4 (17%) patients required invasive ventilation. Abnormal high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest was found only in 1 patient. Total leucocyte count was elevated in 13 (23%) patients. C-reactive protein, serum ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer was abnormally elevated in 14 (32%) patients, 16 (38%) out of 42 tested and serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/ creatinine ratio was elevated in 14 (36%), 38 (97%) and 26 (60%) patients, respectively. Forty-eight (86%) patients had recovered from the disease and discharged, and 4 (7%) patients succumbed to the disease. Conclusion(s): The Covid- 19 epidemic has wreaked havoc on the world's health. The severity of sickness in babies and children with Covid- 19 was significantly less than that reported in adults. Copyright © 2022 International Journal of Academic Medicine and Pharmacy. All rights reserved.
Breaking down barriers: The potential of smarter CAR‐engineered NK cells against solid tumors

Natural killer (NK) cells are considered to be the foremost fighters of our innate immune system against foreign invaders and thus tend to promptly latch onto the virus‐infected and tumor/cancerous cells, killing them through phagocytosis. At present, the application of genetically engineered Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) receptors ensures a guaranteed optimistic response with NK cells and would not allow the affected cells to dodge or escape unchecked. Hence the specificity and uniqueness of CAR‐NK cells over CAR‐T therapy make them a better immunotherapeutic choice to reduce the load of trafficking of numerous tumor cells near the healthy cell populations in a more intact way than offered by CAR‐T immunotherapy. Our review mainly focuses on the preclinical, clinical, and recent advances in clinical research trials and further strategies to achieve an augmented and efficient cure against solid tumors.
Negotiation.

The first part of this paper traces a short history of the psychological study of negotiation. Although negotiation was an active research topic within social psychology in the 1960s and 1970s, in the 1980s, the behavioral decision perspective dominated. The 1990s has witnessed a rebirth of social factors in the psychological study of negotiation, including social relationships, egocentrism, motivated illusions, and emotion. The second part of this paper reviews five emerging research areas, each of which provides useful insight into how negotiators subjectively understand the negotiation: (a) mental models in negotiation; (b) how concerns of ethics, fairness, and values define the rules of the game being played; (c) how the selection of a communication medium impacts the way the game is played; (d) how cross-cultural issues in perception and behavior affect the negotiation game; and (e) how negotiators organize and simplify their understandings of the negotiation game when more than two actors are involved.
Tectonic rotations within the Bolivian Altiplano: Implications for the geodynamic evolution of the central Andes during the late Tertiary

Paleomagnetic results from 61 sites in Tertiary red beds and volcanic rocks from the Bolivian Andes allow quantification of tectonic rotations within the Altiplano domain. A total of 16 sites were also obtained in lower Miocene ignimbrites that cover the forearc of the north Chilean Andes near Arica. In the southern Altiplano (Lipez region) a local clockwise rotation of up to 38° is recorded in lower Miocene volcanic rocks. Farther north, near the Salar de Uyuni, there is no evidence of significant rotations. Counterclockwise rotations are observed in the Northern Altiplano. The largest counterclockwise rotation (28°) is found in Eocene-Oligocene red beds (Tiwanaku Formation) along the eastern border of the Corque syncline. Middle Miocene sediments located within the center of the Corque basin record a counterclockwise rotation of only 10°. About 200 km north of the Corque basin, Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary rocks near the locality of Viacha record only 10° counterclockwise rotation. Paleomagnetic results in lower Miocene ignimbrites from the forearc near the Arica bend do not show evidence for late Cenozoic rotation of the forearc. These new results suggest that the 20° to 25° counterclockwise rotation of the southern Peruvian forearc occurred prior to the Miocene. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data show a magnetic fabric mostly controlled by bedding, but slight AMS lineations are found almost parallel to the major regional structural trends such as fold axes. The apparent relationship between tectonic rotations, AMS lineations, and structural trends suggests that rotations occured after or during the final stage of folding. Paleomagnetic data obtained in Paleozoic rocks show evidence of clockwise rotation of the southern sub-Andean ranges. Tectonic rotations during the Neogene are mostly localized on the eastern side of the central Andes. The curvature of the occidental margin near Arica was likely acquired prior to the last stage of Andean deformation. Although the magnitude of the rotations may vary from one locality to the other, there is a consistent pattern showing counterclockwise rotations to the north and clockwise to the south. A large-scale regional mechanism is needed to explain this pattern of tectonic rotations within the central Andes. We propose a model in which along-strike segmentation of the Andean foreland and indentation of the Altiplano by a curved forearc are the major factors controlling tectonic rotations within the Altiplano, Eastern Cordillera, and sub-Andean ranges.
Prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among elderly inpatients of a Chinese tertiary hospital

Background: Depression in the elderly is a serious and often underdiagnosed psychiatric disorder that has been linked to adverse outcomes in the hospital setting. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among elderly hospital inpatients. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 411 consecutively hospitalized patients aged 60 years and older. Participants were evaluated within 48 hours of admission using an interviewer-administered questionnaire including the Geriatric Depression Scale and comprehensive geriatric assessment to provide basic demographic and clinical information. Results: Most of the participants were male (64.5%), with a mean (SD) age of 75.9 (8.1) years between 60 and 97 years. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 32.8%. Univariate analysis showed significant associations between depressive symptoms and older age, female gender, lower body mass index, number of chronic diseases, impaired family function, impaired cognition, malnutrition, increased frailty, and decreased ability to perform activities of daily living. After logistic regression, variables that remained significantly associated with depression were cognitive decline (odds ratio = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.09–3.55), poor family function (odds ratio = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.10–3.66), and frailty (odds ratio = 5.07, 95% CI: 1.95–13.20). Depressive symptoms were independently associated with prolonged hospital length. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms were prevalent among hospitalized elderly and independently associated with cognitive decline, poor family function, and frailty. Therefore, it is essential to screen for depression and perform a comprehensive geriatric assessment in these patients to identify and manage depressive symptoms.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Doctors in North Borneo

Introduction: Doctors are known to deal with high occupational stress, causing increased risk of depression, anxiety and stress.Nevertheless, the prevalence and associatedfactors of depression, anxiety and stress among registered doctorsworking in 24 public hospitals in Sabah, Malaysia are not known yet. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using convenient sampling from September-October 2018. The data of 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was collected via online link anonymously. Results: Among 314 doctors, majority of them were females (62.1%), mean age 29 (SD 2.72), non-Sabahan (82.8%), Malays (46.8%), not married (78.3%) and medical officers (93.6%). Prevalence of severe/extremely severe anxiety symptoms was 27.4%,depression (22.9%) and stress (18.5%). Doctors perceiving themselves to be depressed, anxious and/or stressed were more likely to develop the corresponding symptoms. Females and Chinese were twice more likely to report anxiety symptoms. Being married had protective effect against depressive symptoms, while working in same hospital for longer time had a significant but weak protective effect against anxiety and stress symptoms. Conclusions: Mental health issue among doctors is substantial and need to be addressed effectively for the benefit of their life, patients and country.
Molecular Typing of Bovine Theileriosis in Upper Egypt

Bovine theileriosis in Egypt is a tick-borne disease known as Egyptian fever since 1947, caused by protozoan parasite known as Theileria annulata. This disease is one of the most destructive obstacles to the livestock production in Egypt. During the period from August 2010 to August 2012 the present study was conducted on cattle and buffaloes belonged to different farms and villages in AL-wady AL-Geded, Assiut and AL-Fayoum Governorates-Egypt. The results of this study confirmed that there are different species of Theileria in Egypt can infect both cattle and buffloes rather than Theileria annulata. These species included Theileria lestoquardi, T. uilenbergi and Theileria ovis. Interestingly, Theileria annulata is the only species founded in the AL-Wady AL-Gaded governorate with respect to the samples analyzed.
Experimental study in natural convection

The study of thermal and ventilation parameters, obtained in a transient, laminar solar chimney of reduced dimensions, (1 < m <3) m with a square collector (side = 2m) is presented. Experimental measurements has been made to determine the temperature of the absorber and the fluid in the collector, it is shown that at the entrance of the chimney, the temperature of the absorber decreases slightly while that of the fluid is maintained at a maximum level. Temperature differences were observed up to 32°C between the atmosphere and the fluid in April. A temperature variation at the absorber depending on the stack height is presented. Temperature measurements in the chimney, at various heights depending on the axial coordinate, show a variable temperature profile. It is, from these, shown that, in the selected interval of stack height, the average speeds of output increase linearly as a function of stack height. For a chimney of 3m in height and 20cm in diameter, a maximum speed of approximately 0.7 ms -1 was observed. The lack of appropriate equipment handicaps the velocity measurement at the chimney entrance. Thus, the results of simulations with the computer code COMSOL 5.1 has confirmed temperature values measured at the chimney entrance and after this, velocity values are determined.
Implementation and Effectiveness of GIS-Based Projects in Secondary Schools

This study aims to provide an understanding of the main obstacles to conducting GIS-based projects in secondary schools and to determine the effects of these projects on students, teachers, and schools. The study was conducted in three public high schools in Turkey. The students first surveyed over 4,015 people in their school districts to understand the main social, environ- mental, and economic problems in their area, then conducted nine different GIS-based projects to help design solutions to these problems. As seen in the study, GIS is a very important teaching and learning tool for secondary schools; however, its effective use depends on planning, motivation, support, resources, time, and enthusiasm, especially for teachers.
Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy FLUORESCENT NUCLEOBASE ANALOGUES AND THEIR USE FOR INVESTIGATING DNA INTERACTIONS

Ever since unravelling the structure of DNA, an expanding research field has emerged with ongoing efforts dedicated to increase our understanding of the molecule of life. Since the natural nucleobases are virtually non-emissive, it has been a challenge for decades to ‘light up’ DNA/RNA in order to investigate their properties utilizing fluorescence techniques. This thesis focuses on fluorescent nucleobase analogues (FBAs) as probes for fluorescently labeling DNA and investigating its interactions, for example, with proteins. These artificial nucleobases attempt to closely mimic the characteristics of natural bases, while introducing fluorescence properties to the system. The first part of this work comprises the characterization of both new and established FBAs. Photophysical and base-mimicking properties of two fluorescent adenine analogues, triazole adenine (A) and quadracyclic adenine (qA) are presented. Both exhibit promising features compared to the widely used commercially available adenine mimic 2-aminopurine (2-AP). Even though A shows promising emission as a monomer and in certain DNA surroundings, it destabilizes the B-DNA duplex structure, most likely due to its C8-triazole extension. In order to overcome this effect, a new family of triazole adenine analogues extended on the 7-position was synthesized and photophysically characterized. The second thoroughly characterized adenine analogue, qA, is moderately fluorescent both as a monomer and inside DNA but in contrast to A, the two-ring extension on qA is suggested to be well accommodated in the major groove and renders the DNA-duplex unperturbed or even stabilized, depending on the surrounding sequence. Finally, the photostability of tC, an already established FBA of the tricyclic cytosine family, was investigated. The latter yields a single photoproduct with a decreased fluorescence, which destabilizes DNA duplexes. In the second part of this work, the tricyclic cytosine FBA FRET-pair, tCtCnitro was applied in exploring the role of the mammalian transcription factor A in mitochondrial transcription. Furthermore, it was called upon to help resolve the order of events in which the different components of the transcription machinery initiate transcription.