Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonalcoholic fatty pancreatic disease: Is it mirror to NAFLD.

Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) comprises a wide spectrum of diseases from deposition of fat in the pancreas (fatty pancreas, pancreatic steatosis), to pancreatic inflammation (non-alcoholic steatopancreatitis), pancreatic fibrosis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Aim: The aim was to study the association between Non Alcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease (NAFPD) and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Methods: This study was conducted on 100 subjects (50 patients with sonographically proven NAFLD and 50 normal individuals selected from 165 sybjects). Full history taking, clinical examination, routine laboratory and abdominal ultrasound were done. Results: Concurrence of NAFPD and NAFLD on abdominal ultrasound was found in 38/50 patients (76%). There was statistically significant association of NAFLD with fatty pancreas severity. The present study revealed significant associations of fatty pancreas with aging, obesity, type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and dyslipidemia (higher levels of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides, cholesterol/ HDL (Risk I), LDL/HDL (Risk II). Conclusion: Fatty pancreas is a common finding during medical check-up and has significant association with NAFLD and other metabolic factors. Fatty pancreas could be an initial indicator of ectopic fat deposition and an earlier manifestation of metabolic syndrome than fatty liver. Abstract
The Chilean Potential for Exporting Renewable Energy

This document seeks to contribute to society and its decision-makers with the best available scientific evidence on Chile’s Renewable Energy (RE) Export Potential and the opportunities and challenges that such potential opens for Chile’s commitment to carbon neutrality. It also aims to provide a useful input for the dialogues that the country will hold in the framework of COP26. A collaborative and interdisciplinary process was developed for this goal, involving 71 researchers and specialists. The work includes 299 references of scientific literature that support the different dimensions involved in the challenge of exporting renewable energy from Chile. It is confirmed that Chile has a considerable renewable energy potential that can be the basis for various exports. The different energy export options identified are: renewable electricity using electrical transmission grids; hydrogen and derivatives (synthetic fuels, fertilizers, other chemical products) through pipelines or maritime transport; local production or manufacturing of products and services fed with RE; and knowledge and R&D capabilities. We conclude that the whole process of renewable energy exports should be framed within the Chilean policy for climate change and the current local context. Moreover, such a process must be consistent with the social and environmental principles set out in Chile’s NDCs, in the future Framework Law for Climate Change, in its Long-Term Climate Strategy, and in the mitigation and adaptation plans of the energy sector. For this purpose, recommendations were developed in the following areas: Art. 6 of the Paris Agreement, climate observatory, legitimacy and social licence, just climate action principle, energy literacy, new challenges for science and technology, partnerships, and improvements of the current legislation.
Optimisation of non-periodic inspection and maintenance for multicomponent systems

C Cost (random variable). E Expectation. F Expected number of system failures. G Generator function for the expected values. M Expected number of minimal repairs. P Probability. R Expected number of replacements. U Expected uptime. UCL Upper confidence limit. Y First failure time for a soft-type component. Z First failure time for hard-type component subsystem. a Inspection policy index. b Random number. c Cost (constant). f Number of component failures. h Hard-type component index. i Scheduled inspection index. j Component index. Table 3. Steady state availability versus for Case 2
Distinct immunoreactions after microwave ablation of primary tumor with different heating parameters in VX2 tumor model

Background: Thermal ablations of solid tumors in situ can activate the immune system and produce a specific immune response against tumor. Microwave ablation (MWA) with different parameters can ablate tumors with similar sizes and cause different local inflammatory effects. Our aim was to determine whether MWA of primary tumor in different energy modes can induce different immunological effects. Methods: Seventy rabbits with VX2 tumors implanted subcutaneously underneath the right second nipple were treated with high-power MWA (40W×1 minute), low-power MWA (20W×2 minutes), surgical resection, or left without treatment as control. Survival time was evaluated by log-rank test. On day 14 after ablation, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the T-cell immune responses. Besides, the cytokine patterns were also identified from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Tumor eradication was achieved completely in MWA groups as proven by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diapforase (NADH-diaphorase) staining. The rabbits in the control group showed significantly more pulmonary metastases and poorer survival than the three treatment groups; however, no significant difference was observed among three treatment groups. MWA groups induced more intratumoral and systemic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than the control group. MWA caused more systemic CD4+ T cells than operation. High-power MWA induced more intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and systemic CD4+ T cells than low-power MWA. MWA induced increased levels of IL-2, IL-12 and decreased levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 compared with control group. Importantly, a significant higher level of serum IL-12 was found in high-power MWA than that in low-power MWA group. Conclusions: High-power MWA induced enhanced Th1-type immune response in comparison to low-power MWA. High-power MWA may be selected for the treatment of solid tumors, although future studies are still needed to confirm our results.
Clinical efficacy of casein phosphopeptide – amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) and their influence on the quality of life in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome

Clinical efficacy of casein phosphopeptide – amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) and their influence on the quality of life in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome dental caries was performed using DMFT/DFS criteria. Enamel demineralization was visually examined using the white spot lesion index (Gorelick). The gingival health was evaluated with the gingival index (Löe–Silness). Assessment of oral hygiene was done using the simplified oral hygiene index (Greene–Vermilion). The Xerostomia Inventory was used to quantify dry-mouth symptoms. The oral health-related quality of life was analyzed using short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Results During the evaluation period, caries increment was not significant. Considerable regression of white spot lesions was noted in all three experimental groups (p < 0.001). No significant improvement in gingival health and oral hygiene was observed. Physical pain was decreased in all three experimental groups, and subjective feeling of dry mouth was reduced in CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP groups. Conclusion CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP may reduce the caries activity and relieve the dry-mouth symptoms in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome.
Uncleaved apoM signal peptide is required for formation of large apoM/S1P-enriched HDL particles ‡

Background : ApoM overexpression generates larger nascent and plasma HDLs. Results: ApoM Q22A overexpression generates smaller nascent and plasma HDL and enhances apoM and S1P secretion as compared to apoM WT . Conclusion : ApoM secretion regulates hepatocyte S1P secretion and its uncleaved signal peptide delays apoM secretion, promoting larger nascent and plasma HDL particle formation. Significance : apoM signal peptide is required for large apoM/S1P-enriched HDL formation. ABSTRACT Apolipoprotein M (apoM), a plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) carrier, associates with plasma HDL via its uncleaved signal peptide.
An extended Reynolds analogy for excited wavy instabilities of developing streamwise vortices with applications to scalar mixing intensiﬁcation

Studies are presented to elucidate the role of steady streamwise vortex structures, initiated upstream from weak Go¨rtler vortices in the absence of explicit vortex generators, and their excited nonlinear wavy instabilities in the intensiﬁcation of scalar mixing in a spatially developing mixing region. While steady streamwise vortex ﬂow gives rise to signiﬁcant mixing enhancement, the excited nonlinear wavy instabilities, which in turn modify the basic three-dimensional streamwise vortices, give rise to further mixing intensiﬁcation which is quantitatively assessed by a mixedness parameter. Possibility of similarity between the dimensionless streamwise momentum and scalar transport problems leading to an extended Reynolds analogy is sought. This similarity is shown earlier to hold for the steady streamwise vortex ﬂow in the absence of nonlinear wavy instabilities (Liu & Sabry 1991 Proc. R. Soc. A 432 , 1–12). In this paper, the momentum conservation equations for the nonlinear wavy or secondary instabilities together with the advected ﬂuctuation scalar problems are examined in detail. The presence of the streamwise ﬂuctuation pressure gradient, which prevents the similarity, is estimated in terms of the ﬂuctuation dynamical pressure and its relative importance to advective transport. It is found from scaling that the ﬂuctuating streamwise pressure gradient, though not completely negligible, is sufﬁciently unimportant so as to render similarity between ﬂuctuation streamwise velocity and ﬂuctuation temperature and concentration a distinct possibility. The scalar ﬂuctuations are then inferable from the ﬂuctuation streamwise velocity and that the Reynolds stresses of the nonlinear ﬂuctuations and the scalar ﬂuxes are also similar. The nonlinear instability-modiﬁed mean streamwise momentum and the modiﬁed mean heat and mass transport problems are also similar, thus providing a complete ‘Reynolds analogy’, rendering possible the interpretation of the scalar mixedness for a gaseous medium for which the Prandtl and Schmidt numbers are near unity. It is found that the nonlinearity of the wavy instability, which induces scalar ﬂuxes modifying the mean scalar transport, further intensiﬁes scalar mixedness over a signiﬁcant streamwise region which is well above that achieved by the steady, unmodiﬁed streamwise vortices alone for the numerical example corresponding to the most ampliﬁed wavy-sinuous mode.
Impact of Financial Risk, Privacy Risk, Convenience, and Trust on Online Shopping With Mediating Role of Consumer Purchase Intention in Pakistan

: The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of financial risk, privacy risk, convenience, and trust on online shopping with the mediating effect of consumer purchase intention in Pakistani context. Nowadays, e-commerce growing rapidly and it encouraged researchers to determine what factors a consumer see to do online shopping. The model of current study developed on the base of theoretical background. To investigate the impact of financial risk, privacy risk, convenience, and trust on online shopping through the mediation of consumer purchase intention, the current study collected data from general public that are mostly bachelor and master degree holders. Data were collected through questionnaire by applying simple random sampling technique and two hundred twenty five questionnaires were distributed among general public of Lahore, Islamabad, and Gujranwala in Pakistan. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques have been used for statistical analysis. Findings elucidated that privacy risk significantly and negatively associated with online shopping. Moreover, convenience and consumer purchase intention have significant and positive impact on online shopping. Furthermore, financial risk and trust have insignificant impact on online shopping. In addition, findings revealed that consumer purchase intention mediates the relationship between financial risk, privacy risk, convenience, and trust. Less attention had been paid to explore the mediating effect of consumer purchase intention among financial risk, privacy risk, convenience, and trust. Limitations of the current study and direction for future study delineated at the end of paper.
University of Birmingham Search for long-lived scalar particles in B+ k+ (+-) decays

A search for a long-lived scalar particle χ is performed, looking for the decay B þ → K þ χ with χ → μ þ μ − in pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb − 1 , collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of ﬃﬃﬃ s p ¼ 7 and 8 TeV. This new scalar particle, predicted by hidden sector models, is assumed to have a narrow width. The signal would manifest itself as an excess in the dimuon invariant mass distribution over the Standard Model background. No significant excess is observed in the accessible ranges of mass 250 < m ð χ Þ < 4700 MeV =c 2 and lifetime 0 . 1 < τ ð χ Þ < 1000 ps. Upper limits on the branching fraction B ð B þ → K þ χ ð μ þ μ − ÞÞ at 95% confidence level are set as a function of m ð χ Þ and τ ð χ Þ , varying between 2 × 10 − 10 and 10 − 7 . These are the most stringent limits to date. The limits are interpreted in the context of a model with a light inflaton particle.
A Major Change in Rate of Climate Niche Envelope Evolution during Hominid

SUMMARY Homo sapiens is the only species alive able to take advantage of its cognitive abilities to inhabit almost all environments on Earth. Humans are able to culturally construct, rather than biologically inherit, their occupied climatic niche to a de-gree unparalleled within the animal kingdom. Precisely, when hominins acquired such an ability remains unknown, and scholars disagree on the extent to which our ancestors shared this same ability. Here, we settle this issue using ﬁne-grained paleoclimatic data, extensive archaeological data, and phylogenetic comparative methods. Our results indicate that whereas early hominins were forced to live under physiologically suitable climatic conditions, with the emergence of H. heidelbergensis , the Homo climatic niche expanded beyond its natural limits, despite progressive harshening in global climates. This indicates that technological innovations providing effective exploitation of cold and seasonal habitats predated the emergence of Homo sapiens .
The long run dynamics of heterogeneous product and process innovations for a multi product monopolist

This paper introduces the dynamical framework which combines product and process innovations. The model contributes to the theoretical literature on innovations in two ways. First, it permits for the simultaneous dynamics of both types of innovations which is rarely considered in the literature. Second, the products being generated by the innovations are heterogeneous in their investment characteristics. This allows for the formation of the dynamic interdependency between both types of innovations. As a result the steady state levels of process innovations for each product are diﬀerent and inﬂuence the dynamics of product innovations in turn.
A Sterile-Neutrino Search with the MINOS Experiment

The MINOS experiment is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in the the NuMI beamline at Fermilab, USA. Using a near detector at 1 km distance from the neutrino production target, and a far detector at 735 km from the target, it is designed primarily to measure the disappearance of muon neutrinos. This thesis presents an analysis using MINOS data of the possibility of oscil- lation of the neutrinos in the NuMI beam to a hypothetical sterile flavour, which would have no Standard Model couplings. Such oscillations would result in a deficit in the neutral current interaction rate in the MINOS far detector relative to the expectation derived from the near detector data. The method used to identify neutral current and charged current events in the MINOS detectors is described and a new method of predicting and fitting the far detector spectrum presented, along with the effects of systematic uncertainties on the sterile neutrino oscillation analysis. Using this analysis, the fraction f{sub s} of the disappearing neutrinos that go to steriles is constrained to be below 0.15 at the 90% confidence level in the absence of electron neutrino appearance in the NuMI beam. With electron appearance at the CHOOZ limit, f{sub s} < 0.41 at 90% C.L.
Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Management of Barley Powdery Mildew under Salinity Stress

he effect of plant growth regulators on barley powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei , under the influence of salinity, was conducted on two cultivars (Giza 123 and 126) in sand culture experiment. Plants were treated either by 10 ppm abscisic acid (ABA) or 25 and 50 ppm paclobutrazol (PBZ) as foliar spray, 3 weeks after sowing. Four levels of NaCl, i.e. 0, 50, 100, and 200 mM, were applied as soil treatment two days after spraying plant growth regulators. Disease severity and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) were estimated on the leaves, at different intervals, during the experiment. Obtained data demonstrated that NaCl led to suppression of powdery mildew disease and had a harmful effect on plant growth parameters. Disease severity and AUDPC values were found to be higher in untreated control than in case of treatment by NaCl, plant growth regulators and their combinations. Treatments with PBZ and ABA significantly reduced powdery mildew severity on both cultivars and improved plant growth parameters (plant height, fresh and dry weight as well as grains yield) with increasing total chlorophyll content compared to the untreated control.
Genetic evaluation of rice restorer lines through variability, heritability and genetic advance analysis

Restorer lines of rice are utilized in hybrid breeding programme to meet the demand of growing population by enhancing the productivity through assessment of variability. With the aim of determining the genetic parameters of variability, the present investigation was carried out among 90 genotypes of rice plotted in randomized block design under rice improvement project at seed breeding farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur during Kharif season 2018. The 21 quantitative and 8 quality traits were observed and revealed significant difference among them through analysis of variance. Superior genotype ANP 526 based on mean yield, CBSN 168 based on quality parameters and PRR 828 based on fertile and total spikelet per panicle. The narrow magnitude of difference between GCV and PCV indicated efficient selection as less influenced by environment. The high estimate of GCV and PCV showed scope of improvement through direct selection and high heritability with high genetic advance expressed simple inherited trait along with preponderance of additive gene action. Thus, total spikelet per panicle, fertile spikelet per panicle, and spikelet density percentage were found to be high in almost all genetic parameters of variability such as mean, range, genetic advance, GCV and PCV, which could be considered in future rice breeding programme for obtaining better restorer. While, lowest GCV and PCV was exhibited for traits hulling percentage, milling percentage and head rice recovery percentage indicates need of creation of variability. None of the traits exhibited low heritability. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was high for trait total spikelet per panicle, fertile spikelet per panicle and spikelet fertility percentage indicates that these characters are largely controlled by additive gene action, and improvement is possible through mass selection and progeny selection.
Birmingham The value of Twitter data for determining the emotional responses of people to urban green spaces

18 In urban research, Twitter data have the potential to provide additional information about urban 19 citizens, their activities, mobility patterns and emotion. Extracting the sentiment present in tweets is 20 increasingly recognised as a valuable approach to gathering information on the mood, opinion and 21 emotional responses of individuals in a variety of contexts. This article evaluates the potential of 22 deriving emotional responses of individuals while they experience and interact with urban green 23 space. A corpus of over 10,000 tweets relating to 60 urban green spaces in Birmingham, United 24 Kingdom was analysed for positivity, negativity and specific emotions, using manual, semi-25 automated and automated methods of sentiment analysis and the outputs of each method 26 compared. Similar numbers of tweets were annotated as positive/neutral/negative by all three 27 methods; however, inter-method consistency in tweet assignment between the methods was low. A 28 comparison of all three methods on the same corpus of tweets, using character emojis as an 29 additional quality control, identifies a number of limitations associated with each approach. The 30 results presented have implications for urban planners in terms of the choices available to identify 31 and analyse the sentiment present in tweets, and the importance of choosing the most appropriate 32 method. Future attempts to develop more reliable and accurate algorithms of sentiment analysis are 33 needed and should focus on semi-automated methods.
Title: Dengue: status of current and under-development vaccines. Running head: Dengue vaccines pipeline

Dengue is an emerging mosquito-borne viral infection with increasing reports of outbreaks. The clinical picture ranges from a benign febrile illness through to severe and potentially fatal manifestations. No specific anti-viral treatment exists, and therapy only consists of supportive care. During the last three decades, several attempts to develop an effective vaccine have been made. The first dengue vaccine to obtain licensure was Dengvaxia®, which was authorized in 2015 and is currently available in over twenty countries. Its use has been approved with strict limitations regarding age and serostatus of the recipients, highlighting the necessity for a more safe and efficacious vaccine. At present several vaccine candidates are undergoing clinical and pre-clinical trials. The most advanced candidates are TDV and TDV 003/005, two live-attenuated vaccines, but another 15 vaccines are under development, introducing novel immunization strategies to the traditional dengue vaccine scenario. This work reviews the current research status on dengue vaccines.