Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rooting Gilbert's Multi-Modal Argumentation in Jung, and Its Extension to Law

This paper discusses how an understanding of Jung's psychological types is important for the relevance of Gilbert's multi-modal argumentation theory. Moreover, it highlights how the types have been confirmed by contemporary neuroscience and cognitive psychology. Based on Gilbert's approach, I extend multi-modal argumentation to the area of legal argumentation. It seems that when we leave behind the traditional fortress of “logical” legal argumentation, we "discover" alternate modes (such as the intuitive, emotional, and sensory) that have always been present, concealed in the theoretically underestimated rhetorical skills of arguers.
Enhancement of germination and seedling growth attributes of a medicinal tree species Pterocarpusmarsupium Roxb. through pre sowing seed treatments

Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. is an important tree species belongs to family Fabaceae and it is distributed in deciduous forests throughout India which is a good source of dye, timber and also used as medicine for treating leprosy, leukoderma, inflammation, excessive urination etc. It is mainly propagated through seeds but the problem in seed germination is due to hard seed coat which limits seed germination. So the present study was carried out in College of Horticulture, Mudigere with an aim to find out the best treatment for enhancement of germination in P. marsupium. Seeds were treated with different treatment includes growth regulators (GA3, NAA, Cytokinine), acid scarification (KNO3, HCl, H2SO4) and organics (hot water, cow urine, cow dung slurry), among all the treatments seeds treated with H2SO4 (2%) recorded the higher germination percentage (65.83%) and seedling attributes compared to untreated seeds in control. It helps in the multiplication of a large number of plants meanwhile increase the availability and conservation.
Systematic inferences from spore and stomate size in the ferns

Size of equivalent cells has traditionally been assumed to be constant within species and variable between species. Systematists have commonly measured cells with constant form, such as spores and stomates, as a means of distinguishing species and hybrids in polyploid complexes, since the best known factor determining cell size is ploidy level (Stebbins, 1950). Preliminary hypotheses about polyploid evolution can be generated directly from herbarium specimens based on spore and stomate measurement data. The first evidence of a relation between cell size and polyploidy in the ferns was Lawton's 1932 demonstration that prothallial cells, lower epidermal cells, and stomates in induced apogamous races of Dryopteris marginalis and Woodwardia virginica vary directly with ploidy level. Butters and Tryon's 1948 work on Woodsia x abbeae included epidermal cell and annulus cell measurements that corroborated data from spore germination experiments to document an instance of somatic autopolyploidization. More recently a considerable body of evidence has been assembled supporting the contention that spore size is related to ploidy level in the ferns. Manton (1950) noted that Vancouver Island Cystopteris fragilis (n = 84) has smaller spores than Swiss Cystopteris alpina (n = 126). Hagenah (1961) postulated a polyploid series in species of Cystopteris based on spore-size measurements. In a monograph of Cystopteris, Blasdell (1963) concluded that it was possible to infer ploidy level from spore size in that genus. Blasdell assigned ploidy levels to cytologically unknown components of polyploid complexes based only on spore size (see Lovis, 1977 for a critique). Wagner (1966) demonstrated that there were two varieties of Gymnocarpium dryopteris: a larger-spored typical variety, which is tetraploid, and a smaller-spored variety disjunctum, which is diploid. Schneller (1974) recently provided an analysis of ploidy level and spore size in the Dryopteris filix-mas group of Europe. He concluded that ploidy and spore size are positively correlated for diploid to pentaploid cytotypes in a closely knit phylogenetic group. In an exhaustive analysis of spore features of northeastern North American Isoetes, Kott and Britton (1983) provided new insight into spore-size variability. Whereas megaspore variation within sporangia of a single plant, between sporangia of a single plant, and between plants of a population was found to be more or less equivalent and negligible, variation between populations of a species was demonstrated to be twice that between plants of a population. Microspores were found to be slightly less variable. Kott and Britton (1983) suggested that
Increased C-reactive protein in acute ischemic stroke patients is age dependent

Introduction: Several studies investigating blood biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) in the prognosis and mortality of stroke have not been conclusive. This may be related to the fact that age has not been taken into account for these analyses. Objective: In the present study, we evaluated the possible relationship of blood markers with the age and clinical characteristics of ischemic stroke patients. Methods: Two groups of acute ischemic stroke patients (≤ 55 years and > 55 years of age) who were paired with a control group were included. CRP, alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT), complements C3 and C4, microalbuminura, ceruloplasmin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, glutamic-piruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), gamma glutamiltranspeptidase (GGT), creatinine, and uric acid were determined. Other clinical information, including NIH stroke scale was collected. Results: AAT, ceruloplasmin, microalbuminuria, GPT, GOT and GGT were significantly increased with respect to control subjects in both age groups. Nevertheless, CRP was increased only in patients older than 55 years. CRP and age were directly correlated in stroke patients, but not in the control group joint analysis of age and NIHSS revealed a tendency towards even higher CRP values in older patients with more severe neurological impairment. Levels of CRP increased significantly with age according to NIH score. Conclusions: Age should be considered when evaluating the usefulness of CRP and other blood biomarkers as clinical tools for predicting long or short-term neurological outcome or stroke recurrence events in ischemic stroke patients
Thoracolumbar Fractures in Adolescent Patients: Epidemiological, Clinical, Radiological Characteristics and Recent Methods of Management

Background: Spine fractures account for a large portion of musculoskeletal injuries worldwide; approximately 54.9% of the patients had fractures in the thoracolumbar spine; with most of these occurring at the thoracolumbar junction (T10-L2). Objective: To assess the epidemiologic characteristics of spinal injuries in adolescents, their unique anatomic, and radiographic characteristics. Patients and Methods: 18 selected patients presented with traumatic thoracolumbar fractures admitted to the Neurotrauma Unit of Neurosurgery Department, Zagazig University Hospitals, and Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital, Sharkia, Egypt with our study prospective study and post-resuscitation they were of both sexes and their age range starts from 12:17 years adolescent group. Results: the number of patients (18 patients) was 20.2% from 189 cases of all spine fractures in adolescent patients. Sex were 11 males (61.1%) falling from height is the most common cause of thoracolumbar fractures (50%), followed by road traffic accidents (33.3%). the most common type of fracture in both groups was a wedge and burst where it constituted more than 80%. Orthopedics fractures were the most common associated injuries which were found in 6 patients (33%). According to motor power, 14 patients had full motor power (77.7%). the most common level of injury was L1 vertebrae 11patients (61.1%). The mean height of the vertebral body in the conservative treated group was 26.11±4.85, but in the surgically treated group is 25.55 ±4.63. Conclusion: The most common cause of trauma was fall from a height (50%). The most affected vertebra was L1 (61.1%). Over 80% of patients were neurologically intact. The angle of kyphosis in the surgically treated group improved and decreased from 23 degrees to18.22 degrees.
Effect of Integrated Management of Bean Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Sacc. and Magn.) Through Soil Solarization and Fungicide Applications on Epidemics of the Disease and Seed Health in Hararghe Highlands, Ethiopia

Bean anthracnose is an important disease affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Hararghe highlands which produces common bean in large areas. The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of integrated management of bean anthracnose through soil solarization and fungicide applications on disease development and seed health of common bean variety Mexican-142. Field experiments were conducted at Haramaya University and Hirna research station in 2010 summer season. Soil solarization was integrated with mancozeb and carbendazim seed treatments, with foliar sprays of carbendazim at the rate of 0.5 kg/ha at 10 and 20 days intervals. The experiment was arranged in 2×3×3 split-split plot design with three replications. There was significant difference in the anthracnose incidence, severity, infected pods per plant, infected seeds and AUDPC among treatments. Combined effect of mancozeb seed treatment with carbendazim spray at 10 day intervals and carbendazim seed treatment and carbendazim spray at 10 day intervals have reduced severity by 46.5% and 41%, respectively at Haramaya. Interactions of solarized soil with carbendazim foliar spray frequencies at 10 days interval reduced the number of infected pods per plant by 58% at Haramaya and 38.9% at Hirna. In the results concluded that, the integration of soil solarization, seed treatments and foliar spray were found to be effective in reducing bean anthracnose epidemics and seed infection.
Strengthening Discipline Character of Students at Muhammadiyah Boarding-School (MBS) Muhiba Yogyakarta

Educational issues require special attention, especially those related to character. Learning in boarding-based schools is one option to overcome character problems, especially disciplined characters. This research was conducted at MBS Muhiba Yogyakarta as one of the boarding-based schools in the city of Bantul, Yogyakarta. This research was a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection was obtained by observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The instruments were interview guidelines, observation guidelines, and documentation guidelines. The subjects in this study were the director and teacher. Data analysis techniques used interactive analysis which includes; data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that the strengthening students discipline character of learning in boarding-based schools was carried out through; use of the inquiry learning model based on contextual, Islamic habituation, one of rule, the provision of penalties and gifts, and role model. The obstacle reinforcement of strengthening discipline character of students at boarding-based school includes specific obstacles such as; difficulty in planning material concepts and difficulty in designing the flow of thought. General obstacles in learning include; the difficulty to cooperate with parents in implementing one of rule, the teacher's insistence to implement discipline, and the lack of attention given to learning.
Understanding the Use of Knowledge Sharing Tools

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the drivers of the use of knowledge-sharing tools through the lens of task–technology fit (TTF), the role of social factors, and the cognitive and affective mechanisms. Data were collected from 294 knowledge workers and analyzed using partial least squares. This study found that cognition (i.e., perceived usefulness) and positive affect play an important role in mediating the effect of TTF, social influence, and trust on users’ behavioral intention. Interestingly, the role of negative affect as a mediator between sociotechnical factors and behavioral intention is considered not significant by the knowledge workers. This research has practical implications for organizations that are planning or reviewing their knowledge-sharing initiatives.
Identity Negotiation and Construction Among Saudi Learners of English as a Second Language

Abstract This qualitative longitudinal phenomenological study was conducted to investigate identity negotiation and construction in a second language (L2) learning environment. Data were collected from 35 Saudi learners of English in the United Kingdom over a one-year period using a background information questionnaire, three sets of in-depth interviews, which were carried out before, during, and after the study abroad (SA) program, and monthly reflective journals. Data analysis revealed several opportunities and challenges that the participants encountered during their SA period. The findings also showed that most learners succeeded in negotiating and constructing an intercultural identity, which allowed them to actively seek out opportunities to participate in the host community and improve their language-learning outcomes. However, for a few learners, experiencing identity conflicts and failure to construct their desired identity was a primary obstacle to their language development as they tended to withdraw from social interactions. The study concluded by presenting a number of implications for SA programs and directions for future research.
Number of blastomeres and chromosome abnormalities of bovine blastocysts obtained from in vitro matured, fertilized and cultured follicular oocytes.

牛卵胞卵子を体外成熟,体外受精後,体外培養することにより得た胚(胚盤胞~脱出胚盤胞)について割球数を算定し,染色体を詳細に分析して,染色体数の異常を調べるとともに性染色体分析による性判別も試みた。 体外受精後8~12日目に得た胚盤胞~脱出胚盤胞を供試胚とし,0. 04μg/mlのコルセミドと5%仔牛血清を含むTCM 199(25 mM HEPES緩衝)中で90~180分培養した。 ついで0. 5%クエン酸ナトリウム溶液で低調処理後,メタノール:酢酸:水=3••2••1で一次固定,スライドガラス上で酢酸を滴下することにより二次固定を行い,ギムザ染色後,割球数と染色体解析を行った。 主なる結果は次の通りであった。 1. 胚盤胞,拡張胚盤胞および脱出胚盤胞にみられる平均割球数は,それぞれ68. 2±34.7,100.1±51.5,128.1±56. 8個と変異は大きいが,ステージが進むにつれ,平均割球数は有意に増加した。 2. 中期核板出現率は81%前後でステージによる変化はなく,中期核板数は胚盤胞期で平均4. 3個,拡張胚盤胞期で5. 7個,脱出途中~胚盤胞脱出胚盤胞期で5. 1個であった。 3. 雌雄判別率は胚盤胞,拡張胚盤胞,脱出胚盤胞とステージが進むにつれ53. 7,65.1,82.4%と有意に増加した。 判別可能であった全胚のうち雌は35個,雄は29個であった。 4. 染色体数の異常胚率は発生ステージが進むにつれて,やや増加する傾向を示した。 また雌胚の方が雄胚にくらべて染色体異常が多い傾向がみられた。
Influence of NaCl-salinity imposed on half of the root system of hydroponically grown tomato on growth, yield, and tissue mineral composition

Summary The effects of splitting the root system of tomato grown in recirculating nutrient solution into two compartments receiving raw water (0.3.dS m–1) and saline nutrient solution (13.0.dS m–1, 100.mM NaCl), respectively, on growth, yield and tissue mineral composition were investigated. The water/salinity treatment was compared with standard nutrition for tomatoes (2.2.dS m–1) or supply of the entire root system with the above saline nutrient solution. The exposure of all or part of the root system to NaCl-salinity reduced the K concentration initially in the roots and, later, in the old leaves. The total-N concentration was restricted only in the older leaves by the exposure of all or half the root system to high NaCl concentrations. In all plant parts, the concentration of Na was more markedly raised when the entire root system was exposed to NaCl-salinity as compared with the root-splitting treatment. The P concentration was restricted in the part of the roots supplied solely with raw water. The leaf Ca and Mg concentrations were diminished on some sampling dates only when the entire root system was exposed to NaCl-salinity. Further, the root Mg concentrations were significantly increased in both root parts of plants subjected to root splitting as compared with those measured in plants receiving exclusively standard or saline nutrient solution. The obtained results indicated also an intensive retranslocation of K, Na, Mg and N between the two root compartments. The exposure of the entire root system of tomato to salinity depressed the fresh fruit yield mainly because of a restricted mean fruit weight but had no effect on the dry fruit production. Splitting the root system into two compartments receiving raw water and NaCl-enriched nutrient solution, respectively, also depressed the fresh fruit yield but to a slightly lesser extent than complete exposure to salinity. However, the yield decline was exclusively due to fewer fruits per plant, while the mean weight and the dry-matter content of fruit were not affected. As a result, the dry fruit yield was also markedly restricted in the water/salinity treatment. It is suggested that a moderate salt stress imposed on the entire root system of tomato restricts yield due to a lower water content of fruit owing to osmotic adjustment, while the exposure of the roots partly to salinity and partly to raw water diminishes the dry biomass production due to lack of osmotic adaptation.
Growth and Reproduction of Dwarf Shrubs in a Subarctic Plant Community: Annual Variation and Above-Ground Interactions with Neighbours

1 The effects of coexisting shrub species on the growth, branching, survival and berry production of three dominant dwarf shrubs (Empetrum nigrum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea and V. uliginosum) were examined in northern Finland in a six year experiment. The measurements covered both natural, unmanipulated plots as well as plots from which ramets of one of five dwarf shrub species had been removed. 2 Annual patterns of growth and reproduction of ramets of the three species were different, suggesting that the plants were affected by different combinations of environmental factors and internal patterns of ramet growth. Neither cumulative summer temperature nor summer precipitation accounted for the variations in annual growth of any dwarf shrub species; however, ramet age contributed significantly to the observed variation in growth of shoots of V. vitis-idaea and V. uliginosum. 3 The growth of ramets of E. nigrum in unmanipulated plots was positively correlated with the cover of V. myrtillus and total cover of dwarf shrubs; the growth of V. uliginosum was similarly correlated with the cover of V. myrtillus in undisturbed plots. Furthermore, the growth of both E. nigrum and V. uliginosum was reduced by the removal of V. uliginosum and V. myrtillus, respectively. These observations probably indicate some kind of positive relationship between these species. By contrast, the shoot growth of V. vitis-idaea was less and mortality greater in unmanipulated plots where V. uliginosum was abundant, while both branching and reproduction of V. vitis-idaea were increased by the removal of other dwarf shrubs. These results indicate that interspecific competition may limit the growth and reproduction of V. vitis-idaea.
Effects of Recent and Potential Land Use
and Climate Changes on Runoff and Sediment
Load in the Upper Yellow River Basin, China

Changes in water and sediment conditions in the Upper Yellow River Basin (UYRB), which contains the ecological barrier and “water tower” of the entire Yellow River Basin, directly affect the development of the downstream ecological environment. In this study, the impacts of recent and potential land use and climate changes on runoff and sediment load were investigated through statistical analysis, land-use maps, scenario estimations, and hydrological modelling. The temporal trends and abrupt changes in hydro-meteorological elements from 1957-2010 were analysed using linear regressions and moving-t tests. Transformations in land use from 1990 to 2014 were determined using a transfer matrix analysis. The back propagation neural network was constructed to modify and integrate several general climate models, and it projected the climate change evolution characteristics in the UYRB from 2021 to 2100 under different emission scenarios. On this basis, the effects of recent and potential land use and climate changes on runoff and sediment load were quantified using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model and fifteen climate scenarios, respectively. The results show a significant decreasing trends for both runoff and sediment loads with warmer and wetter climate conditions in the past 50 years. An abrupt change in runoff occurred in 1990, and a notable change in sediment load occurred in 2000 which was defined as the dividing year of the study period. The warm and wet climate characteristics of the UYRB will continue from 2021 to 2100. Over the past 20 years, the transformation of land use in the URYB has intensified. Therefore, land use changes between 1990 and 2000 show significant increasing wetland trends and decreasing bare land and grassland trends. The SWAT simulation results indicated that climate changes have had a more significant impact on runoff than land use changes in the past 20 years, increasing runoff by 6.32%. Both land use and climate changes have great impacts on sediment load reduction. For the next 80 years, the potential land use change demonstrated greater impacts on runoff and sediment load than climate changes. The runoff *e-mail: tianling406@126.com DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/119478 ONLINE PUBLICATION DATE: 2020-06-18
Malaysian Public University Lecturers’ Perceptions and Practices of Formative and Alternative Assessments

Successful teaching and learning are highly dependent on assessment as it provides necessary information for making informed decisions in a higher education program. University lecturers should be equipped with skills and knowledge on different methods of evaluation to assess their students effectively. Only few researchers have investigated the assessment methods employed by lecturers in universities in Malaysia. Traditional class-based assessments are the most common mode of assessment although this form of assessment fails to measure students’ learning adequately. This qualitative study aims to determine the level of lecturers’ awareness of the different kinds of assessments at the University Puta Malaysia (UPM). The study sampled 48 lecturers from various faculties at UPM. They responded to a self-reporting questionnaire that required them to indicate their perceived competence in alternative and formative assessments. The result of the thematic analysis revealed that lecturers were utterly aware of formative assessment practices. However, despite the significance of alternative assessments in the learning process, some lecturers were not aware of alternative assessment practices. The implication is that the literacy level of lecturers in alternative assessment methods should be improved. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19. 5.23
Infection of Rhizoctonia solani (Sheath blight of rice) through seed and soil inoculation

Sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the disease in all crop growing areas of the world. R. solani pathogen was isolated from sheath blight diseased samples collected from Agriculture research station, Sakoli (Bhandara). Pathogenicity test of isolate was proved by artificial inoculation method. Studied the mode of infection through sick soil method which shows seed rot (43.0%) and seedling infection (57.0%). and the mode of infection through seed inoculation recorded seed rot (62.0%) and seedling infection (38.0%).
CULTIVAR RESPONSES TO SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME OF SOYBEAN

Forty-two soybean (Glycine max) cultivars representing maturity groups IV-VIII were evaluated for their response to sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium solani, over 3 yr in a field with a history of the disease. Disease severity was assessed weekly from the middle of July through September using a rating scale of 0-5 where 0=0%, 1=1-10%, 2=11-30%, 3=31-70%, 4=71-90%, and 5=>90% of the leaf area exhibiting foliar symptoms of SDS. Area under the disease progress curve was calculated for each cultivar(.)