Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biases in CMIP6 Historical U.S. Severe Convective Storm Environments Driven by Biases in Mean‐State Near‐Surface Moist Static Energy

This work evaluates how well Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 models reproduce the climatology of North American severe convective storm (SCS) environments in ERA5 reanalysis and examines what drives biases across models. Biases in spring SCS environments vary widely in magnitude and spatial pattern, though most models do well in reproducing the climatological pattern and a few (MPI and CNRM) also reproduce the overall magnitude. SCS biases are driven by biases in extreme convective available potential energy. These biases are ultimately found to be driven by biases in mean‐state near‐surface moist static energy, indicating that the SCS environments depend strongly on the near‐surface mean state. Results are similar for fall, but not summer or winter when free‐tropospheric biases are also important. Biases differ strongly across parent models but weakly across child models of the same parent. These outcomes help identify models well‐suited for studying climate effects on SCS environments.
Interchain conductivity of coupled Luttinger liquids and organic conductors

We reconsider the theory of dc and ac interchain conductivity in quasi-one dimensional systems. Our results are in good agreement with the measured c-axis optical conductivity of ${(\mathrm{TMTSF})}_{2}{\mathrm{ClO}}_{4}$ and suggest that the c-axis dc conductivity of ${(\mathrm{TMTSF})}_{2}{\mathrm{PF}}_{6}$ in the $150 \mathrm{K}lTl300 \mathrm{K}$ range is dominated by precursor effects of Mott localization. The crossover from a Luttinger liquid at high energy to a Fermi liquid at low energy is also addressed, within a dynamical mean-field theory. Implications for the interchain resistivity and Drude weight in the Fermi liquid regime are discussed.
The very wide-field gzK Galaxy Survey – II. The relationship between star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2 and their host haloes based upon HOD modelling

We present the results of an halo occupation distribution (HOD) analysis of star-forming galaxies at $z \sim 2$. We obtained high-quality angular correlation functions based on a large sgzK sample, which enabled us to carry out the HOD analysis. The mean halo mass and the HOD mass parameters are found to increase monotonically with increasing $K$-band magnitude, suggesting that more luminous galaxies reside in more massive dark haloes. The luminosity dependence of the HOD mass parameters was found to be the same as in the local Universe; however, the masses were larger than in the local Universe over all ranges of magnitude. This implies that galaxies at $z \sim 2$ tend to form in more massive dark haloes than in the local Universe, a process known as downsizing. By analysing the dark halo mass evolution using the extended Press--Schechter formalism and the number evolution of satellite galaxies in a dark halo, we find that faint Lyman break galaxies at $z \sim 4$ could evolve into the faintest sgzKs $(22.0 < K \leq 23.0)$ at $z \sim 2$ and into the Milky-Way-like galaxies or elliptical galaxies in the local Universe, whereas the most luminous sgzKs $(18.0 \leq K \leq 21.0)$ could evolve into the most massive systems in the local Universe. The stellar-to-halo mass ratio (SHMR) of the sgzKs was found to be consistent with the prediction of the model, except that the SHMR of the faintest sgzKs was smaller than the prediction at $z \sim 2$. This discrepancy may be attributed that our samples are confined to star-forming galaxies.
Invariants of the Brill–Noether curve

Abstract For a projective nonsingular curve of genus g, the Brill–Noether locus Wdr(C)$W^r_d(C)$ parametrizes line bundles of degree d over C with at least r + 1 (linearly independent) sections. When the curve is generic and the Brill–Noether number ρ(g, r, d) equals 1, one can then talk of the Brill–Noether curve. We introduce combinatorial methods that, with help from the theory of limit linear series, allow us to find invariants of Brill–Noether loci. In particular, we explore the first two invariants of the Brill–Noether curve, giving a new way of calculating the genus of this curve and computing its gonality when C has genus 5.
Dynamical Masses for the Large Magellanic Cloud Massive Binary System [L72] LH 54-425

We present results from an optical spectroscopic investigation of the massive binary system [L72] LH 54-425 in the LH 54 OB association in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We revise the ephemeris of [L72] LH 54-425 and find an orbital period of 2.24741 ± 0.00004 days. We find spectral types of O3 V for the primary and O5 V for the secondary. We made a combined solution of the radial velocities and previously published V-band photometry to determine the inclination for two system configurations, i = 52+ 2−3 degrees for the configuration of the secondary star being more tidally distorted and i = 55°± 1° for the primary as the more tidally distorted star. We argue that the latter case is more probable, and this solution yields masses and radii of M1 = 47 ± 2 M☉ and R1 = 11.4 ± 0.1 R☉ for the primary, and M2 = 28 ± 1 M☉ and R2 = 8.1 ± 0.1 R☉ for the secondary. Our analysis places LH 54-425 among the most massive stars known. Based on the position of the two stars plotted on a theoretical HR diagram, we find the age of the system to be ~1.5 Myr.
A study on the consumption of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and consumers' perception of its functional properties

Coriander (Coriandrum sativun L.) is a vegetable widely produced and consumed in Brazil being widely used as a condiment in many dishes. It has an excellent nutritional value as a source of calcium, iron, vitamin C. Furthermore it has functional properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial. Although it has so many benefits, there are few studies in this field that specifically analyze the use of that vegetable as condiment in food exploring its potential to add flavor. This way, this research carried out a survey on the consumption of coriander as condiment and evaluated the profile of consumers and their knowledge about that vegetable. It was found that coriander is consumed by 67.7% of interviewees mainly those who live in the Northeast and North regions where coriander is traditionally used in cooking. However, there is still a portion (32.3%) of consumers who still reject it. As a substitute for other condiments, coriander is more often used instead of parsley and the main food to which it is added is fish. When one takes into account the purchase intention of industrialized products with the addition of coriander, it is observed that seasoned cheese and snacks are the most cited. In addition, it was possible to observe that flavor is the main motivator for consumption ahead of health-related attributes. Thus, it was possible to observe that consumers are still unaware of the main beneficial characteristics of coriander. In this way, there is the possibility of developing new products using coriander as well as the relevance of carrying out studies with an emphasis on this flavouring.
Sum rules versus approximate sum rules in subdivision

It is a known fact that a stationary subdivision scheme generates the full space of polynomials of degree up to N if and only if its symbol satisfies sum rules of order N + 1. This property is, in general, only necessary for the associated limit function to have approximation order N +1 and for being C N -continuous. But, the polynomial reproduction property of degree N (i.e. the capability of a subdivision scheme to reproduce in the limit exactly the same polynomials from which the data is sampled) is sufficient for having approximation order N + 1. The aim of this short paper is to show that, when dealing with non-stationary subdivision schemes, the crucial role played by polynomials and sum rules is taken by exponential polynomials and approximate sum rules. More in detail, we here show that for a non-stationary subdivision scheme the reproduction of N exponential polynomials implies fulfillment of approximate sum rules of order N. Furthermore, generation of N exponential polynomials implies fulfillment of approximate sum rules of order N if asymptotical similarity to a convergent stationary scheme is also assumed together with reproduction of a single exponential polynomial. We additionally show that reproduction of an N-dimensional space of exponential polynomials, jointly with asymptotical similarity, implies approximation order N. To show this we also prove the convergence of the sequence of basic limit functions of the non-stationary scheme to the basic limit function of the asymptotically similar stationary one.
Effects of aging on the evolution of Apical Periodontitis lesions in rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aging on the evolution of Apical Periodontitis (AP) lesions in rats. Elderly males (study group, n = 12) and young males (control group, n = 12) Wistar rats were used. When the study group were 24 months old and the control group were 3 months old, AP lesions were induced by creating pulp exposure of the mandibular left first molars. After 21 and 40 days, the animals were euthanized and the mandibles were removed. The left hemi- mandibles were radiographed and the AP lesions of the mesial roots of the first molars were measured using ImageJ software (National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA). The AP lesions were significantly larger in the Elderly (E) group (p = 0.0006) compared to the Control (C) group (E 21: 218.8 ± 72.96, C 21: 94.77 ± 9.44, E 40: 237.8 ± 57.20, C 40: 85.23 ± 6.63). The lesions of the animals in the elderly groups were significantly larger than the lesions in the younger animals. These findings suggest that the bone and immunological changes caused by aging can influence the progression of AP lesions.
Résolution numérique des équations de Navier-Stokes à faible nombre de Mach par méthode spectrale

L'approximation des equations de Navier-Stokes a faible nombre de Mach, egalement dite isobare, est une approximation moins restrictive que celle de Boussinesq, consistant a tenir compte de fortes variations de la masse volumique tout en negligeant les phenomenes acoustiques. Nous presentons une methode de resolution numerique de ces equations dans le cas instationnaire, bidimensionnel avec une direction de periodicite. L’integration est du type differences finies, semi-implicite, en temps et pseudo-spectrale Fourier-Tchebycheff en espace. La resolution des equations du mouvement fait appel a un algorithme iteratif du type Uzawa avec preconditionnement. Dans la limite de l'approximation de Boussinesq on obtient une methode directe. Une premiere application concerne la convection naturelle dans le probleme de Rayleigh-Benard. On compare les resultats des equations a faible nombre de Mach aux resultats des equations de Boussinesq et l'on analyse l'influence des variations des proprietes du fluide. Ceci est complete par une etude de stabilite lineaire basee sur une methode Tau-Tchebycheff. La deuxieme application que nous traitons est un cas de combustion isobare en domaine ouvert : nous indiquons des resultats sur l'instabilite hydrodynamique de Darrieus-Landau d'un front de flamme plane et laminaire
Towards a typology of agri-urban patterns to support spatial planning: evidence from Lisbon, Portugal

Abstract Urbanisation in Europe has been the main cause of agricultural land fragmentation and agricultural land use loss and has given rise to significant socio-economic and environmental costs, particularly in urban regions. Accordingly, there is a consensus in the literature that sustaining urban and peri-urban agriculture are significant towards urban sustainable development. This paper aims to characterise agri-urban spatial patterns and changes occurring in the Lisbon metropolitan region (LMR) by using indicators from both urban and agricultural dimensions. A self-organising map (SOM) clustering method was used to build an agri-urban classification. Nine clusters were proposed. We found that in the LMR, urban and agriculture patterns are diverse: agriculture can range from gardening to intensive and extensive forms; and from decline to stability. We discuss that the use of multidimensional indicators enables comprehensive typologies and allows for a better territorial diagnosis that can contribute to informing decision-makers towards more effective protection of agriculture in spatial planning.
The implementation of EFL online learning: how do the non-English department students perceive it?

The COVID-19 outbreak influences nearly all facets of life, including education. This study conducted survey investigations to detect non-English students' views on the implementation of EFL online learning. This study used cross-sectional survey research designs employing questionnaires and interviews as data-gathering devices and procedures. The population of this study was all the first-graders of the Islamic Education Program of a State Institute for Islamic Studies situated in Central Java, Indonesia, in the academic year of 2020/2021. A number of 135 students took part as the sample of this study. The results of the study showed that there are three main phases of EFL online learning. First, at the preparation phase, they had high optimism of EFL online learning. Second, it turned into caution and forbearance at the implementation phase. At last, their optimistic level was increasing at the end (evaluation phase). This study means that it is not simple to retain the enthusiasm and optimism of students through EFL online study, particularly in non-English department classrooms. Teachers should be innovative in delivering instructions for learning, offering learning equipment, and selecting appropriate learning platforms. Teachers should also be able to comprehend pupils' psychological state to prevent boredom in online learning.
The mean star-forming properties of QSO host galaxies

Quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) occur in galaxies in which supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are growing substantially through rapid accretion of gas. Many popular models of the co-evolutionary growth of galaxies and black holes predict that QSOs are also sites of substantial recent star formation (SF), mediated by important processes, such as major mergers, which rapidly transform the nature of galaxies. A detailed study of the star-forming properties of QSOs is a critical test of these models. We present a far-infrared Herschel/PACS study of the mean star formation rate (SFR) of a sample of spectroscopically observed QSOs to z ∼ 2 from the COSMOS extragalactic survey. This is the largest sample to date of moderately luminous QSOs (with nuclear luminosities that lie around the knee of the luminosity function) studied using uniform, deep far-infrared photometry. We study trends of the mean SFR with redshift, black hole mass, nuclear bolometric luminosity, and specific accretion rate (Eddington ratio). To minimize systematics, we have undertaken a uniform determination of SMBH properties, as well as an analysis of important selection effects of spectroscopic QSO samples that influence the interpretation of SFR trends. We find that the mean SFRs of these QSOs are consistent with those of normal massive star-forming galaxies with a fixed scaling between SMBH and galaxy mass at all redshifts. No strong enhancement in SFR is found even among the most rapidly accreting systems, at odds with several co-evolutionary models. Finally, we consider the qualitative effects on mean SFR trends from different assumptions about the SF properties of QSO hosts and from redshift evolution of the SMBH-galaxy relationship. While currently limited by uncertainties, valuable constraints on AGN-galaxy co-evolution can emerge from our approach.
CHANDRA HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS OF CID-42, A CANDIDATE RECOILING SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE

We present Chandra High Resolution Camera observations of CID-42, a candidate recoiling supermassive black hole (SMBH) at z = 0.359 in the COSMOS survey. CID-42 shows two optical compact sources resolved in the HST/ACS image embedded in the same galaxy structure and a velocity offset of ∼1300 km s−1 between the Hβ broad and narrow emission line, as presented by Civano et al. Two scenarios have been proposed to explain the properties of CID-42: a gravitational wave (GW) recoiling SMBH and a double Type 1/Type 2 active galactic nucleus (AGN) system, where one of the two is recoiling because of slingshot effect. In both scenarios, one of the optical nuclei hosts an unobscured AGN, while the other one, either an obscured AGN or a star-forming compact region. The X-ray Chandra data allow us to unambiguously resolve the X-ray emission and unveil the nature of the two optical sources in CID-42. We find that only one of the optical nuclei is responsible for the whole X-ray unobscured emission observed and a 3σ upper limit on the flux of the second optical nucleus is measured. The upper limit on the X-ray luminosity plus the analysis of the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution indicate the presence of a star-forming region in the second source rather than an obscured SMBH, thus favoring the GW recoil scenario. However, the presence of a very obscured SMBH cannot be fully ruled out. A new X-ray feature, in a SW direction with respect to the main source, is discovered and discussed.
Phase field modeling of crack propagation

Fracture is a fundamental mechanism of materials failure. Propagating cracks can exhibit a rich dynamical behavior controlled by a subtle interplay between microscopic failure processes in the crack tip region and macroscopic elasticity. We review recent approaches to understand crack dynamics using the phase field method. This method, developed originally for phase transformations, has the well-known advantage of avoiding explicit front tracking by making material interfaces spatially diffuse. In a fracture context, this method is able to capture both the short-scale physics of failure and macroscopic linear elasticity within a self-consistent set of equations that can be simulated on experimentally relevant length and time scales. We discuss the relevance of different models, which stem from continuum field descriptions of brittle materials and crystals, to address questions concerning crack path selection and branching instabilities, as well as models that are based on mesoscale concepts for crack tip scale selection. Open questions which may be addressed using phase field models of fracture are summarized.
Populations of western North American monkeyflowers accrue niche breadth primarily via genotypic divergence in environmental optima

Abstract Niche breadth, the range of environments that individuals, populations, and species can tolerate, is a fundamental ecological and evolutionary property, yet few studies have examined how niche breadth is partitioned across biological scales. We use a published dataset of thermal performance for a single population from each of 10 closely related species of western North American monkeyflowers (genus Mimulus) to investigate whether populations achieve broad thermal niches through general purpose genotypes, specialized genotypes with divergent environmental optima, and/or variation among genotypes in the degree of generalization. We found the strongest relative support for the hypothesis that populations with greater genetic variation for thermal optimum had broader thermal niches, and for every unit increase in among‐family variance in thermal optimum, population‐level thermal breadth increased by 0.508°C. While the niche breadth of a single genotype represented up to 86% of population‐level niche breadth, genotype‐level niche breadth had a weaker positive effect on population‐level breadth, with every 1°C increase in genotypic thermal breadth resulting in a 0.062°C increase in population breadth. Genetic variation for thermal breadth was not predictive of population‐level thermal breadth. These findings suggest that populations of Mimulus species have achieved broad thermal niches primarily through genotypes with divergent thermal optima and to a lesser extent via general‐purpose genotypes. Future work examining additional biological hierarchies would provide a more comprehensive understanding of how niche breadth partitioning impacts the vulnerabilities of individuals, populations, and species to environmental change.
Meloidogyne enterolobii: a threat to guava (Psidium guajava) cultivation

Abstract Meloidogyne enterolobii, the guava root-knot nematode, has emerged as a significant problem in tropical and subtropical regions across the continents. Along with Fusarium spp. , this nematode plays a crucial role in causing guava decline. In the newer locations, M. enterolobii can parasitize on many crops like other root-knot nematodes, including crops carrying nematode-resistance genes. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on all aspects of M. enterolobii, with a special focus on its management strategies.
On the likelihood of detecting gravitational waves from Population III compact object binaries

We study the contribution of binary black hole (BH-BH) mergers from the first, metal-free stars in the Universe (Pop III) to gravitational wave detection rates. Our study combines initial conditions for the formation of Pop III stars based on N-body simulations of binary formation (including rates, binary fraction, initial mass function, orbital separation and eccentricity distributions) with an updated model of stellar evolution specific for Pop III stars. We find that the merger rate of these Pop III BH-BH systems is relatively small ( 1 per cent) contribution of these stars to low-redshift BH-BH mergers. However, it remains to be tested whether (and at what level) rapidly spinning Pop III stars (homogeneous evolution) can contribute to BH-BH mergers in the local Universe.
Low energy antineutrino detection using neutrino capture on electron capture decaying nuclei

In this paper we present a study of the interaction of a low energy electron antineutrino on nuclei that undergo electron capture. We show that the two corresponding crossed reactions have a sizable cross section and are both suitable for detection of low energy antineutrino. However, only in the case where very specific conditions on the Q value of the decay are met or significant improvements on the performances of ion storage rings are achieved, these reactions could be exploited in the future to address the long standing problem of a direct detection of cosmological neutrino background.
The impacts of hydropower dam construction on the adjacent rural households’ food insecurity in Northwestern Ethiopia

Abstract This study examines the impact of two hydropower dam reservoirs, Amerti and Neshe, on the adjacent rural household food insecurity in the Abay Chome district, northwestern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional method was employed to collect data from 485 households (268 affected and 217 non-affected households) following a probability proportional to the size sampling procedure. Households’ food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) and households’ dietary diversity score (HDDS) were used to examine households’ food insecurity status in the study area. The Endogenous Switching Regression model was employed to identify the impact of the dam construction on household food insecurity. The results revealed that the average HDDS and HFIAS in the study area were 5.1 and 10.29, respectively. The study also demonstrated that the affected household’s average HDDS and HFIAS were 4.48 and 10.98, respectively. The study results further revealed that the construction of dams has significantly increased the HFIAS of displaced households by 14.6% while reducing HDDS by 24%. This study found a negative relationship between dam construction and food security, although dam construction is supposed to increase food security by increasing access to water. Thus, we recommend that hydropower reservoirs be effectively designed to reduce the impacts on adjacent communities.