Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Di Bari, Vincenzo and Macnaughtan, William and Norton, Jennifer and Sullo, Antonio and Norton, Ian (2016) Crystallisation in water-in-cocoa butter emulsions: role of the dispersed phase on fat

The present work is one of the first to focus on the role of emulsified water droplets on the crystallisation behaviour of water-in-cocoa butter emulsions under quiescent conditions (i.e. absence of any externally applied force). Cocoa butter (CB) systems were designed to progressively increase the number of heterogeneous nuclei within the CB matrix, and the crystallisation behaviour was studied at four temperatures (5 C, 10 C, 15 C and 20 C). Information on the crystallisation kinetics and polymorphism was obtained by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. This work provides evidence that dispersed water droplets have two key effects on the phase transition of the continuous fat phase: (1) increase the crystallisation rate and (2) enhance the polymorphic evolution. Emulsions crystallised faster (larger Avrami kinetic constant) than the bulk phase at intermediate-low levels of supercooling, although the mechanisms of nucleation did not change across systems. Moreover, at all temperatures, emulsified CB evolved faster towards more stable polymorphs. In these systems, a mechanism of ‘interfacial heterogeneous templating’ seems unlikely considering that the emulsifier (polyglycerol polyricinoleate) does not crystallise. This result was attributed to the presence of an emulsifier liquid-like layer surrounding the water droplets where the polymorphic evolution could be locally enhanced by the structural re-arrangement of CB triglycerides. ã 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Good Global Supply Chain Governance, Corruption, and Welfare: An Empirical Evidence from Indonesia

Social welfare can only be realized if local governments have good global supply chain governance and low corruption. This research aims to prove the effect of good global supply chain governance and corruption on welfare. This research was conducted on all provincial governments in Indonesia in 2014-2018. Good global supply chain governance was measured using the Indonesia Governance Index published by The Partnership for Governance Reform, corruption is measured through corruption cases carried out by public officials in each province published by the KPK-RI (Indonesia's Corruption Eradication Commission), while welfare was measured by the Human Development Index published by BPS-RI (Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics). The analysis was done through multiple regression testing. The results show that (1) the implementation of good global supply chain governance, corruption and social welfare in local governments in Indonesia is still bad; (2) local governments with high human development index and high government index cannot guarantee a low level of corruption; (3) good global supply chain governance is evidence to significantly improve welfare; (4) corruption has actually been shown to significantly improve welfare. This finding proves the importance of good global supply chain governance for local governments to accelerate the improvement of social welfare. Besides, the impact of corruption on welfare in this study is interesting. Keywords— global supply chain, good governance,
INVASIVENESS OF CUT-LEAF GROUND-CHERRY (Physalis angulata L.) POPULATIONS AND IMPACT OF SOIL WATER AND NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY

Biological invasions are a major threat to natural ecosystems and agroecosystems, while weed flora is noticeably changing globally. In this study we evaluated the potential of cut-leaf ground-cherry (Physalis angulata L.), a species native to America, to invade the semi-arid regions of Greece. Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different environmental resources (nutrient and water availability) on seedling growth, biomass production, fecundity, and seed germination of four populations of cut-leaf ground-cherry. Our results suggest that cut-leaf groundcherry does not tolerate extreme drought during the first growth stages, while it can survive and produce adequate and rapidly germinated seed (> 85%) under low soil moisture conditions. Moreover, high water and nutrient availability results in high growth and biomass production and ensures high seed production, reaching more than 4000 seeds plant-1. We suggest that soil water content and nutrient availability are the two critical factors affecting the invasive potential of cutleaf ground-cherry in semi-arid environments. Understanding the plant’s ecological features through a study conducted at an early stage rather than a late stage of invasion will help us to take appropriate control measures for this species, which should primarily target frequently fertilized fields after precipitation events.
THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT Credit Reference Bureau Policy Effect on Loan Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya

One of the major challenges facing banks all over the world is the increasing rate of non-performing loans. Government and the banks themselves have devised various mechanisms to reduce non-performing loans while increasing credit uptake in the credit market. However, the scenario happens to be opposite; as demand for credit increases, so are the non-performing loans. In Kenya, the government introduced Credit Reference Bureaus in 2009 in order to address this problem. However, the problems continue haunting the banks raising questions on whether credit information sharing is working or not. The purpose of this research project was to establish the effect of credit information sharing policyon loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study employed mixed method research design involving secondary methods. The target population was the 42 commercial banks in Kenya and used 210 credit officers. Collection of data was through the questionnaires which were administered to the bank credit officers using drop and pick approach. Document analysis was used to obtain credit records of the banks. The findings shown that non-performing loans increased significantly even after implementation of the credit information sharing (CRB) policy, an implication that the main expected outcome was not achieved. Though there was a significant increase in profits after implementation of the CRBs, a close analysis of the trend shows that there was no major shift that could be attributed to the policy. Responses from the accounting officers also proved that through the CRB policy was well intended, the goals have not been met largely due to lack clarity on the criteria for listing and delisting defaulters. The study therefore recommends the commercial banks and the CRBs should make their policies on listing and delisting defaulters clear and easy to implement.
NDT_A_260654 1807..1815

Kelly YC Lai 1 Patrick WL Leung 2 Se Fong Hung Caroline KS Shea Flora Mo Kiti KI Che Chun-Yu Tse 2 Fanny LF Lau Suk Ling Ma 1 Justin CY Wu Suzanne So Mark R Dadds 1Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; 2Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; 3Department of Psychiatry, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong; 4Department of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; 5School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Purpose: Gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder may constitute a subgroup with complex gut-brain interactions underlying the pathogenesis. This study examined the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in a sample of Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder, as well as the factors related to them. Participants and Methods: The participants included a clinic sample of 107 children with autism spectrum disorder and 249 genderand age-matched typically developing community children. Results: Results found children with autism spectrum disorder to be twice as likely to suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms, reporting increased rates of constipation, abdominal migraine and aerophagia. Autism spectrum disorder diagnosis remained a significant predictor of gastrointestinal symptoms after taking into account the potential confounders that included comorbid psychopathologies, diets, and parental anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Our results suggest that autism spectrum disorder with gastrointestinal symptoms may constitute a subgroup within the autism spectrum disorder population that warrants further investigation.
An Automatic Extraction Method of Coach Operation Information from Historical Trajectory Data

Quality of travel service for road transport relies heavily on richness of transport operation data. Currently, most types of data including coach operation data are collected by manual investigation which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and this significantly hinders the realization of intelligent traffic information service. In view of the above problems, this paper is aimed at introducing a method of automatically extracting coach operation information using historical GPS trajectory data of massive coaches. The method first analyzes trajectory characteristics of coaches within stations and identifies the highly dense point clusters as coach stations using the DBSCAN clustering algorithm. Then the schedule information is obtained by conducting error adjustment on the actual arrival and departure time series of multiple shifts, and the name of coach station is queried from point of interest (POI) and geographical name database provided by online map. Finally, the regular driving route of coaches is extracted by an incremental trajectory merging method. The proposed method is applied in handling historical trajectory data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China, and experimental results show that the extraction accuracy is 84% and verify its effectiveness and feasibility. The proposed method makes use of data mining techniques to extract coach operation information from big trajectory data and saves a lot of labor work, time, and economic cost required by on-site investigation.
Peer Reviewed Title: Natural Attenuation of Fuel Hydrocarbon Contaminants: Correlation of Biodegradation with Hydraulic Conductivity in a Field Case Study

Two biodegradation models are developed to represent natural attenuation of fuel-hydrocarbon contaminants as observed in a comprehensive natural-gradient tracer test in a heterogeneous aquifer on the Columbus Air Force Base in Mississippi, USA. The first, a first-order mass loss model, describes the irreversible losses of BTEX and its individual components, i.e., benzene (B), toluene (T), ethyl benzene (E), and xylene (X). The second, a reactive pathway model, describes sequential degradation pathways for BTEX utilizing multiple electron acceptors, including oxygen, nitrate, iron and sulfate, and via methanogenesis. The heterogeneous aquifer is represented by multiple hydraulic conductivity (K) zones delineated on the basis of numerous flowmeter K measurements. A direct propagation artificial neural network (DPN) is used as an inverse modeling tool to estimate the biodegradation rate constants associated with each of the K zones. In both the mass loss model and the reactive pathway model, the biodegradation rate constants show an increasing trend with the hydraulic conductivity. The finding of correlation between biodegradation kinetics and hydraulic conductivity distributions is of general interest and relevance to characterization and modeling of natural attenuation of hydrocarbons in other petroleum-product contaminated sites. Copyright Information: All rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Contact the author or original publisher for any necessary permissions. eScholarship is not the copyright owner for deposited works. Learn more at http://www.escholarship. org/help_copyright. html#reuse Natural attenuation of fuel hydrocarbon contaminants: Correlation of biodegradation with hydraulic conductivity in a field case study Guoping Lu, Chunmiao Zheng Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, GPLu@lbl.gov, Berkeley, CA, USA. University of Alabama, czheng@ua.edu, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
Triassic and Jurassic beds in Krim Mountain area (Slovenia)

The Krim Mountain and its surroundings are characterized by Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic rocks, which were deposited on the northern margin of the Dinaric Carbonate Platform. Upper Triassic beds are represented by Main dolomite that exhibits suprato subtidal Lofer facies. The uppermost Triassic is characterized by approximately 40 m thick horizon of dolomitic breccia. Upper Triassic beds pass gradually into Lower Liassic dolomitic breccia, coarse-grained dolomite and micritic limestone. Presence of dolomitic breccias and absence of supra-intertidal sedimentary structures indicate sea-level rise. Middle Liassic beds consist of oolitic-oncolitic and lithiotid limestones deposited in alternating restricted lagoonal and open shallow-water environment. Upper Liassic beds are characterized by oolitic-oncolitic limestones, bituminous dolomitized limestones and dolomitic breccia deposited in high-energy shallow-water environment. Middle Jurassic beds consist of oolitic, oolitic-oncolitic and micritic limestones, formed predominantly in high-energy subtidal environment.
Petrographic Analyzes of Fractured Granites used as An Analogue of the Soultz-sous-Forêts Geothermal Reservoir: Noble Hills, CA, USA

The work presented here is part of the European MEET project (Multidisciplinary and multi-context demonstration of EGS exploration and Exploitation Techniques and potentials), which aims to enhance demonstration of geothermal energy production throughout Europe. Petrographic analyzes of a geothermal reservoir are key issues for the understanding of fluid circulation in granitic rocks. Through field work, microscopical observations (optical microscope, SEM) and XRD analyzes, we aim at characterize a fractured and altered granitic body found in the Noble Hills (NH, Southern Death Valley, CA, USA) chosen as an analogue of the Soultz-sous-Forêts (SsF) geothermal reservoir (Upper Rhine Graben, Alsace, France). Our current state of knowledge reveals that the NH range is composed of a fractured and altered Mesozoic granitic body intruding Proterozoic sedimentary series. The composition of the granite and its alteration processes present similarities with the ones at SsF: oligoclase is transformed into kaolinite (tosudite at SsF)/ illite/calcite and biotite into chlorite/illite. The whole range suffers a substantial amount of shear deformation linked to the activity of the Southern Death Valley Fault Zone (SDVFZ) possibly much higher compare to SsF. A gradient of deformation can be followed through the range and along which samples were collected. Those ones reveal that the shear deformation can either reactivate mineralized fractures and create new drains for fluid circulation at low strain or promote the plugging of fractures due to the development of a high amount of clay minerals at high strain. Through analogue studies we here aim at 1) better understand the geometry of fluid circulation paths in the granitic fractured reservoirs and 2) gain insights in fluid rock interaction processes as these can drastically modify fractures properties through time.
Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions

We review the present model independent bounds on neutrino non-standard interactions both at neutrino production and detection and in its interactions with matter. This is interesting in view of the latest anomalies reported by the MINOS and MinoBooNE collaborations which could be accommodated with relatively large non-standard interactions. For matter non-standard interactions the direct bounds are rather weak. However, matter non-standard interactions are related by gauge invariance to the production and detection ones as well as to flavour changing processes involving charged leptons. Taking into account these relations much stronger bounds of at least O(10−3) can be derived unless significant fine tunings are implemented. Testing non-standard interactions at this level is challenging but still feasible at proposed facilities such as MINSIS or the Neutrino Factory.
ROTH’S THEOREM FOR FOUR VARIABLES AND ADDITIVE STRUCTURES IN SUMS OF SPARSE SETS

We show that if $A\subset \{1,\ldots ,N\}$ does not contain any nontrivial solutions to the equation $x+y+z=3w$ , then $$\begin{eqnarray}|A|\leqslant \frac{N}{\exp (c(\log N)^{1/7})},\end{eqnarray}$$ where $c>0$ is some absolute constant. In view of Behrend’s construction, this bound is of the right shape: the exponent $1/7$ cannot be replaced by any constant larger than $1/2$ . We also establish a related result, which says that sumsets $A+A+A$ contain long arithmetic progressions if $A\subset \{1,\ldots ,N\}$ , or high-dimensional affine subspaces if $A\subset \mathbb{F}_{q}^{n}$ , even if $A$ has density of the shape above.
OTT_A_200601 5135..5142

Ji-Feng Wu Jian-Jun Zhou Xin-Ai Li Li-Hui Hu Meng-Li Wen 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of General surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China Background: Extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) has been known to be rapid progression and relapse, despite highly sensitive to chemotherapy. Amrubicin (AMR), a third-generation synthetic anthracycline, was accepted as a feasible alternative compared with the standard first-line chemotherapy for previously untreated ED-SCLC. While, the efficacies of these amrubicin-based regimens are unsatisfactory. Aim: Our meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and toxicity of first-line therapy comparing AMR and chemotherapy in patients with ED-SCLC. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for eligible trials updated on November 2018. Randomized-controlled trials assessing the efficacy and safety of AMR in ED-SCLC were included, of which the interested results were objective response rate (ORR), progressionfree survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs). Results: A total of 6 randomized controlled trials were included in this analysis. There are no significant differences in OS (OR=1.03, 95% CI=0.66–1.60, P=0.91), PFS (OR=1.2, 95% CI=10.77–1.88, P=0.41) or ORR (OR=1.31, 95% CI=0.90–1.92, P=0.16) with AMR (OR=0.90, 95% CI=0.76–1.05, P=0.17). The most common treatment-related AEs in the AMR group are leukopenia (OR=3.13, 95% CI=1.22–7.99, P=0.02) and neutropenia (OR=3.25, 95% CI=1.38–7.65, P=0.007). Fatigue, anemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea the difference between the two groups had no statistical significance. Conclusion: The results of our analysis indicated that AMR therapy demonstrated noninferiority to the standard first-line chemotherapy for previously untreated ED-SCLC. Whether it can be accepted as an alternative regimen to the standard first-line chemotherapy is still warranted.
Continuation of localised coherent structures in nonlocal neural field equations. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 36 (1)

We study localised activity patterns in neural ﬁeld equations posed on the Euclidean plane; such models are commonly used to describe the coarse-grained activity of large ensembles of cortical neurons in a spatially continuous way. We employ matrix-free Newton-Krylov solvers and perform numerical continuation of localised patterns directly on the integral form of the equation. This opens up the possibility to study systems whose synaptic kernel does not lead to an equivalent PDE formulation. We present a numerical bifurcation study of localised states and show that the proposed models support patterns of activity with varying spatial extent through the mechanism of homoclinic snaking. The regular organisation of these patterns is due to spatial interactions at a speciﬁc scale associated with the separation of excitation peaks in the chosen connectivity function. The results presented form a basis for the general study of localised cortical activity with inputs and, more speciﬁcally, for investigating the localised spread of orientation selective activity that has been observed in the primary visual cortex with local visual input.
Examination of the TOPS-2 Questionnaire in Able-Bodied Athletes and Athletes with a Disability

Many para-athletes competing at the elite level currently have access to a mental performance consultant. However, the same opportunities are not always available for paraathletes at the amateur level (Dieffenbach & Statler, 2012). As such, an online psychological skills training (PST) program is being developed as a means to provide all para-athletes equal accessibility to PST. In order to examine the effectiveness of the online PST program, sound measurement tools are necessary. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to assess the concurrent validity of a PST questionnaire. This was accomplished by showing that able-bodied and athletes with a disability do not differ on their use of mental skills in both practice and competition using the modified Test of Performance Strategies-2 (TOPS-2). Participants included 34 athletes with a disability and 82 able-bodied athletes. A significant one-way multivariate analysis of variance (F(15,100) = 2.265, p < . 05; Pillai’s Trace =. 254; partial η = . 254) was found. Follow up one-way analysis of variance revealed that there were no significant differences between the two groups of athletes on their use of psychological skills in practice and competition. Therefore, the modified TOPS-2 was found to be an effective measure of psychological skills for both able-bodied athletes and athletes with a disability, demonstrating the potential usefulness not only when measuring athletes with a disability alone, but in studies with mixed groups.
PGPM_A_306358 915..926

1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakornnayok, Thailand; 2Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; 3Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 4Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; 5Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; 6School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; 7Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Curvature: A Variational Approach

The curvature discussed in this paper is a rather far going generalization of the Riemann sectional curvature. We define it for a wide class of optimal control problems: a unified framework including geometric structures such as Riemannian, sub-Riemannian, Finsler and sub-Finsler structures; a special attention is paid to the sub-Riemannian (or Carnot-Caratheodory) metric spaces. Our construction of the curvature is direct and naive, and it is similar to the original approach of Riemann. Surprisingly, it works in a very general setting and, in particular, for all sub-Riemannian spaces.