Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of recessive defects associated with low reproductive performance in dairy cattle in Uruguay

Background: Most dairy cattle breeds originate show an average generational inbreeding rate of 1%, which favors the occurrence of recessive defects associated with low reproductive performance. Aim: The objective of this study was to monitor recessive defects associated with low reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Methods: To monitor bulls carrying the Holstein Friesian haplotype (HH) 1, HH3, and HH4 haplotypes, we analyzed the records of 3,028 national and imported Holstein Friesian bulls from the 2021 updated sires’ catalog published by “Evaluaciones Genéticas Lecheras”; and to determine the presence of these mentioned haplotypes, as well as Jersey haplotype (JH) 1 and complex vertebral malformation (CVM), were genotype with the GeneTitan® 2,500 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) bovine chip, estimate their frequencies and evaluate their impact on the fertility of 100 Holstein Friesian cows and 70 Holstein Friesian-Jersey crosses belonging to an experimental dairy. Results: From a total of 1,468 (48.5%) bulls with genetic information from the sires’ catalog for HH1 and 1,471 (48.6%) for HH3 and HH4, we found 90 (6.1%) carriers for HH1, 60 (4.1%) for HH3, and 6 (0.4%) for HH4, respectively. By genotyping with the chip, we calculated the herd frequency of the mutant alleles and herd prevalence of carriers for HH1 and CVM as q = 0.003 and 0.022; 0.59% and 4.3% (call rate >0.99), respectively. No mutant alleles were found for HH3, HH4, and JH1 in the analyzed population. We examined reproductive data by observing the presence of CVM and HH1 mutant alleles in repeat cows with an average of four services to achieve pregnancy. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the presence of recessive defects associated with low reproductive performance in the analyzed population, which can affect the health and productivity of dairy cattle. Therefore, cows and bulls should be closely monitored through genetic testing to lower the incidence of recessive defects in dairy cattle.
Soil compaction due to mechanized harvesting, and loading.

In Mauritius, the extent of mechanized hawesting and mechanized loading dffers (10 and 50 % of the crop respectively). There has been increasing concern among cane growers that traffic by heavy machinery would lead to soil compaction and subsequent yield losses. A trial was initiated in a humid nrea to study the eSfects of mechanized harvesting and loading on soil physical properties and cane yield using two treatments, namely manual hawesting followed by mechanized loading, and mechanized harvesting and loading. Soil bulk density and moisture content were measured over 3 years, infiltration rates were determined alfter 6"l ratoon and carte yields at harvest were recorded over 5 years. It was found that iinrnediately ctJter harvest, compaction occurred in the rows and inter rows in both treatments and was most iinportant at 10 cn1 depth, even though highest bulk density was measured at 20 cm. Afer 1 year, bulk density readings decreased again, most of the changes occurring at 10 cm. Stabilized infiltration rates were similar in interrows where harvesters and/or loaders had been used but were still six times lower than in traficc-free interrows. No signiJcant difference was fotlnd in actual cane yields between the two treatments. There were therefore no further yield losses attributed to 1 compaction by mechanized hawesters than those already caused by loaders. I
Evaluation of Bacteriological Contamination Pattern of Open Fractures of Extremities- A Study from Tertiary Centre at Western India

Background and Aim: In underdeveloped countries, open fractures are fairly prevalent. Open fractures can be caused by a variety of factors, including a car accident, a fall from a great height, a gunshot, an attack, machine injuries, and others. Infection is a typical side effect of open fractures. The goal of our study was to describe the pattern of bacterial contamination, antibiotic susceptibility, and possible antibiotic resistance in open fractures that arrived at our institute within 6 hours after injury. Material and Methods: A one-year prospective study was undertaken on 200 patients with open fractures of the extremities admitted to the accident and emergency department of Tertiary Care Teaching Institute of India. The first swab is obtained at the primary wound assessment, followed by the second culture swab shortly after debridement, the third culture swab on the day of the first aseptic dressing, and the fourth culture swab if the infection persists or the asepsis score is greater than 20 for a period of four days. Reports on culture and sensitivity were collected in order to analyse the pattern of bacterial isolates and their sensitivity. Results: The majority of the patients in this study were men (83%). We discovered 144 (72%) open fractures in the lower limb, with the tibia being the most often fractured bone, with 76 (38%) occurrences with right sided predominance (58%). Out of 200 patients, 78 (39%) had Gustilo II open fractures, followed by type IIIA (33%). Pre-debridement swabs were collected from all 200 patients with open fractures of the extremities upon admission. 26 (13%) of the patients were determined to be culture positive. Conclusion: In the therapy of patients with open fractures of the extremities, cultures acquired during the first aseptic dressing are considerably more predictive than pre- and post-debridement cultures, and are important in developing an antibiotic policy. It is thus recommended that cultures acquired during the first aseptic dressing provide direction in the selection of antimicrobial therapy, which, when paired with complete wound debridement, will allow for early wound closure and fewer problems.
Patients' attitude toward telemedicine and e-clinics

Background: Telemedicine has emerged as a crucial tool in the medical sector, leveraging information, and communication technologies to enhance healthcare delivery and improve treatment outcomes. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine has played a pivotal role in facilitating communication and follow-up with patients, particularly those who are elderly or managing chronic conditions. Patient satisfaction is a key indicator in evaluating the effectiveness of telemedicine services. This study aims to assess the attitude and satisfaction of patients toward telemedicine and e-clinics in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at medical centers offering telemedicine clinics in Saudi Arabia. Saudi patients utilizing telemedicine services participated in the study and completed a valid-written questionnaire electronically. Results: A total of 497 Saudi patients were included in the study, with 50.3% being females. The majority of patients (81.5%) utilized e-clinics 1-3 times. A small percentage of patients expressed fears about e-clinics (35.8%) and found them confusing to use (29.8%). The overall mean satisfaction score was 4.306 ± 0.8. Several factors influenced satisfaction levels, including age (p < 0.0001), medical insurance (p < 0.0001), and having a family doctor (p < 0.0001). Patients exhibited a positive attitude toward using e-clinics, with 36.2%, 51.1%, and 57.5% reporting that e-clinics were superior to in-person doctor visits, they would use e-clinics again, and they would recommend e-clinics, respectively. Conclusion: The study participants showed overall satisfaction with telemedicine and e-clinics, and they exhibited a positive attitude toward these services. These findings highlight the potential of telemedicine to improve healthcare access and patient experiences in Saudi Arabia.
Effects of extreme cold and aridity on soils and habitability: McMurdo Dry Valleys as an analogue for the Mars Phoenix landing site

Abstract The McMurdo Dry Valleys are among the driest, coldest environments on Earth and are excellent analogues for the Martian northern plains. In preparation for the 2008 Phoenix Mars mission, we conducted an interdisciplinary investigation comparing the biological, mineralogical, chemical, and physical properties of wetter lower Taylor Valley (TV) soils to colder, drier University Valley (UV) soils. Our analyses were performed for each horizon from the surface to the ice table. In TV, clay-sized particle distribution and less abundant soluble salts both suggested vertical and possible horizontal transport by water, and microbial biomass was higher. Alteration of mica to short-order phyllosilicates suggested aqueous weathering. In UV, salts, clay-sized materials, and biomass were more abundant near the surface, suggesting minimal downward translocation by water. The presence of microorganisms in each horizon was established for the first time in an ultraxerous zone. Higher biomass numbers were seen near the surface and ice table, perhaps representing locally more clement environments. Currently, water activity is too low to support metabolism at the Phoenix site, but obliquity changes may produce higher temperatures and sufficient water activity to permit microbial growth, if the populations could survive long dormancy periods (∼106 years).
Physico-Mechanical and Durability Characterization of Eco-Ternary Cementitious Binder Containing Calcined Clay/Rice Husk Ash and Recycled Glass Powder

The objective of this study is to determine the influence of recycled glass powder (GP) on the physico-mechanical behavior and durability of a ternary cementitious binder containing calcined clay_metakaolin (MK) or rice husk ash (RHA). Different mortars were produced and characterized in fresh and hardened states. Reference mortars were produced using 100% cement CEM II/B-L 42.5R and 70% CEM + 30% MK or RHA. Test mortars were produced with the substitution of the MK or RHA with the GP and keeping the rate of the substitution at 30%; i.e., in ratios of 20:10, 15:15, and 20:10 of MK/RHA:GP. The water/binder weight ratio was maintained at 0.5, and the consistency of all mortars was adjusted using an admixture (superplasticizer/binder weight ratio of 0.75%). The substitution of MK and RHA with GP reduces the water demand to achieve the normal consistency of pastes and therefore increases the workability of mortars containing both binders CEM+MK+GP and CEM+RHA+GP. The substitution of MK and RHA with GP slightly reduces the compressive strength for both binders. The water-accessible porosity slightly increases for the substitution of MK and reduces for the substitution of RHA with GP. The mass losses after acid attack slightly increase with the substitution with GP, lower for the MK than the RHA up to 15% GP, but it remained far below that of 100% CEM. The results show that the substitution of MK and RHA with GP can improve the physical properties and durability of the mortars compared with that of 100% CEM, but it slightly decreases the mechanical properties due to the low rate of the pozzolanic reactivity of the GP. Further studies should seek to understand the reactivity behavior of the GP at the microstructure scale and therefore improve the mechanical performance of GP based mortar.
Antimicrobial efficacy of Thymus vulgaris extract against some Staphylococcus species isolated from subclinical mastitis in cattle in Basrah province, Iraq

Background: Thymus vulgaris extracts can play a significant role as alternatives for antimicrobial agents against bovine staphylococcus mastitis. Aim: This research’s goal was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of an extract from T. vulgaris as an alternative to antibiotics for bovine Staphylococcus mastitis. In addition, it is important to know the effect of the extraction methods (hot alcoholic, cold alcoholic, and hot water extract) on their effectiveness. Methods: Two hundred ten cow milk samples from different areas of Basrah province had been suffering subclinical mastitis reported by using the California mastitis test (CMT). Staphylococcus species were identified by conventional microbiological technique, GP24 Kit, and nuc gene. Antimicrobial activity of various concentrations of T. vulgaris extracted (75, 50, 25) mg/ml with different methods of extraction (hot alcoholic, cold alcoholic, and hot water extract). Results: Out of 210 samples, 99 (47.1%) were positive for the CMT, and the identification rate of Staphylococci spp. by conventional microbiological technique and GP24 kit was 78 (78.8%). Out of 78 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. 48 (61.5%) were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, by using both molecular techniques using PCR and miniaturized Kit GP24 and employing the miniature GP24, the remaining 30 (38.5%) were determined to be different species of Staphylococcus. Antibacterial activity of various concentrations of T. vulgaris extracted (75, 50, 25) mg/ml with different methods of extraction revealed that hot alcoholic extract (100%) was more effective than cold alcoholic extract (66.7%), whereas there is no effect on the bacteria species with the hot water extract. Conclusion: Thymus vulgaris extracts can play a significant role as alternatives for antimicrobial agents against bovine staphylococcus mastitis.
Breeding by Selection Of Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) in Kahramanmaras

This study was carried out in Kahramanmaras province for two years. 126 types were determined primarily and were evaluated from about 3000 wild walnut trees. Based on the results of these evaluations, 11 walnut trees were selected as “promising types” with respect to fruit quality characteristics. In these selected types, average fruit weight ranged from 6.49 to 8.90 g; kernel percentage was ranged between 40.00-56.45% and shell thickness ranged from 1.2 to 1.9 mm. Flowering habits in these types, was determined as follows: 58.49 % protandrous, 28.30 % protogynous and 13.20 % homogomous.
Examining reliability and validity of the Community of Inquiry Survey (COI)

Community of Inquiry is a theoretical framework with great influence in the investigation of online learning in higher Education. This study examines the reliability and validity of a neutral Spanish version of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) Survey (v14) for online learning. The sample is composed of Spanish and Latin-American online university students. The results revealed a high reliability for the instrument (Conbrach’s α = .978) and the different presences (Conbrach’s α = .956 and higher). Three factor-structures of the CoI framework explained 71% of the variance in the pattern of relationships among the items using the first split-half sample. Confirmatory factor Analysis (CfA) demonstrates a good fit to the data from the sample to the sub-scales «Teaching presence» and «Cognitive presence» but an adequate fit was not found for the sub-scale Social presence. It is suggested that some of the items of the instrument be revised to improve its construct validity.
Lifelong learning in Spain: a challenge for the future

In this second report of New Skills at Work we take stock of the participation of adults in lifelong learning in Spain. The report is divided in three parts. The first part of the report provides a descriptive analysis of the evidence on cognitive skills of the adult working population in Spain. The analysis confirms a well-known finding: despite major improvements in the educational attainments of the working population in the last few decades, the average level of cognitive skills remains low by international standards. In particular, Spain stands out as one of the EU countries with the largest share of adults who lack basic skills and competences. This is relevant for several reasons. The labour market position of this group has been deteriorating since the late 1970s, although this trend was temporarily interrupted during the period of the housing boom, and the digitalization of the economy is bound to place further pressure on this group in the near future. The report identifies three dimensions to the problem that deserve careful attention from Spanish policy makers: 1) Low average educational attainments; 2) Unsustainably high dropout rates from secondary education and 3) Comparatively low levels of cognitive skills at all educational levels. On all three scores Spain should strive for convergence to the levels prevailing in the leading countries in Europe.
Amino acid supplementation during the adaptation period did not affect the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in corn and soybean meal fed to pigs

Objective The objective was to determine the influence of amino acid (AA) supplementation during the adaptation period on the ileal digestibility of crude protein and AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM) fed to pigs. Methods Six barrows with an initial body weight of 30.9±2.6 kg fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were assigned to a 6×6 Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. Two experimental diets contained corn or SBM as the sole AA source and an N-free diet was additionally prepared. For AA supplementation groups, an AA mixture consisted of Gly, Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Ile, Val, His, and Phe was added to the corn diet and the N-free diet at the expense of cornstarch, and an AA mixture of Lys, Met, and Thr was added to the SBM diet. All diets contained 0.5% of chromic oxide. The 6 experimental diets were fed to the pigs for four and half days, and the 3 diets containing an AA mixture were switched to the respective diets without AA mixture during the following two and half days. Ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7. Results The addition of an AA mixture during the adaptation period increased apparent ileal digestibility of Arg and Trp in corn (p<0.05) but did not affect that in SBM. The addition of an AA mixture during the adaptation period increased apparent ileal digestibility of Pro and Gly regardless of feed ingredient (p<0.05) but did not affect that of other AA. All AA except Pro in corn and SBM were unaffected by the addition of the AA mixture during the adaptation period. Conclusion The addition of amino acids to a low-protein diet during the adaptation period does not affect the standardized ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids in pigs.
3D Reconstruction Cost Function Algorithm Based on Stereo Matching in the Background of Digital Museums

Stereo matching plays an important role in 3D reconstruction in the context of digital museums. At present, it has problems such as occlusion, weak texture, and discontinuous disparity, which restrict the development of binocular vision. In response to this type of problem, Census transformed algorithms based on mean discrimination and Sobel edge detection were introduced to calculate the cost function. At the same time, the algorithm also incorporated the absolute value method of grayscale difference, making it more adaptable to situations such as discontinuous disparity and weak textures. The results show that the Census transform algorithm, which introduces edge gradients, has the lowest error matching rate on different images, with a minimum value of 25.1%. The classical Census transformation method and the AD Census classical transformation algorithm are 28.3% and 27.4%, respectively. Compared with the other two algorithms, the Census transformation of edge gradient improves the matching performance of the algorithm in the discontinuous area of edge disparity and improves the anti-interference ability of the algorithm. At the same time, the algorithm has the lowest error matching rate in the disparity discontinuous regions of Teddy, Cones, Venus, and Tsukuba images, and the lowest value is only 32.1%. Compared to the classic Census transformation method and the AD Census classical transformation algorithm, the minimum error matching rate has decreased by 13.2% and 4.5%, respectively. In addition, the algorithm has the lowest average effective runtime on all four types of images, with an effective average of 4.6 seconds on Venus images with rich texture features, which is 0.6 seconds lower than the classic Census transform algorithm. The improved Census transform algorithm not only has high matching accuracy but also low time complexity, providing a reliable method reference for modern 3D reconstruction fields.
Species–area relationships of plants and microbes are driven by different mechanisms in patchy grassland fragments

The island species–area relationship (SAR) describes how the number of species on an island varies with its area and provides important information about the maintenance of species diversity and how species might be lost as habitats are lost and fragmented. While the island SAR has been widely studied among macroorganisms, patterns for soil microbes have been less forthcoming, as have analyses of potential underlying mechanisms. We examined the SAR patterns of plants, soil fungi and bacteria among remnant grassland fragments isolated by degraded habitat matrix in a steppe grassland. As expected, we found that the total species richness of plants, fungi and bacteria in the entire fragment decreased with decreasing fragment area. However, the mechanisms differed among taxa. For plants, the lower diversity was most likely because of decreases in habitat quality and habitat heterogeneity on smaller fragments. For fungi, we found similar results, but also an important interaction with plant diversity, suggesting they were coupled via their functional associations. For bacteria, the lower diversity on smaller fragments primarily resulted from a sampling effect from the larger species pool, which outweighed the effect of higher habitat heterogeneity on smaller fragments. Synthesis: Our study highlights that fragmentation‐induced loss of diversity can have many different underlying mechanisms and that understanding these mechanisms can provide useful insights to project future biodiversity loss and conservation.
Magnetostratigraphy of the Hell Creek and lower Fort Union formations in northeast Montana

Magnetostratigraphic evaluation of a well-exposed stratigraphic section in northeastern Montana has been undertaken to expand upon and better understand the timing of the Hell Creek and Fort Union Formations and the biological processes recorded within them. Characteristic remanent magnetizations show clear magnetostratigraphic patterning of chrons C28n, C28r, C29n, C29r, C30n, and possibly C30r. Differentially corrected global positioning system coordinates, including elevation, were recorded at each sample site, allowing the magnetostratigraphic framework to be precisely relocated in the fi eld and traced laterally across the landscape. In this way, important chronologic boundaries such as the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary can be projected into or above topography of the surrounding region. Localities in Montana that have been sampled for fossil studies were mapped and correlated to the same stratigraphic sections as the magnetostratigraphy, and so they can be compared directly to the geomagnetic polarity time scale. The new magnetostratigraphy can also be used to relate to other basins of Cretaceous and Paleogene age using information independent from biostratigraphic zonation, making it possible to directly compare the composition of coeval faunas from signifi cantly different latitudes.
THE IMPACT OF LIQUIDITY, PROFITABILITY, AND LEVERAGE ON FIRM VALUE WITH DIVIDEND POLICY AS MODERATING VARIABLE

This research has the purpose to determine the impact of liquidity, profitability, and leverage on firm value, with dividend policy as the moderating variable. The secondary data from the manufacturing company such as financial statements and annual reports listed on IDX from 2017 – 2019 are used for this research. Research method using moderated regression analysis, which is tested using E-views. This study uses fixed effect model in testing hypothesis. Samples are chosen based on purposive sampling method. From 2017 to 2019, 42 manufacturers are listed on IDX, with a total of 126 dates selected as samples. This study found that liquidity and leverage have the negative and insignificant impacts on firm value, profitability has positive and significant impact on firm value, dividend policy is not able to moderate impact of liquidity and leverage on firm value, and dividend policy is able to weaken the impact of profitability on firm value.