Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Intestinal Microflora of Infants: Composition of Fecal Flora in Breast‐Fed and Bottle‐Fed Infants

The fecal flora of 35 breast‐fed and 35 bottle‐fed babies was determined. Bifidobacteria were the predominant fecal bacteria in both groups. Conversely, the counts of most of the other bacteria, such as bacteroides, eubacteria, peptococci, veillonella, clostridia, enterobacteria, streptococci, and bacilli in the bottle‐fed group were significantly higher than those in the breast‐fed group. The frequencies of occurrence of lecithinase positive Clostridia, clostridia‐others, pseudomonas and bacilli in the bottle‐fed group were significantly higher than those in the breast‐fed group. Twenty‐one genera and 103 species or biovars of microorganisms were isolated from the feces of the breast‐fed group and 20 genera and 97 species or biovars from the bottle‐fed group. The organism that showed the highest number and the highest frequency of occurrence in both groups was Bifidobacterium breve. Bifidobacterium infantis, which was formerly the most prevalent Bifidobacterium species in baby feces, was never isolated in this study. Further, the counts and incidences of Clostridium paraputrificum, C. perfringens, and Bacillus subtilis, the counts of C. clostridiiforme, Bacteroides vulgatus, Veillonella parvula, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus bovis, S. faecalis, and S. faecium and the incidences of C. difficile, C. tertium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the bottle‐fed infants were significantly higher than those in the breast‐fed infants.
Theses

NSW New South Wales ANU Australian National University NY New York AO Archaeology in Oceania NZ New Zealand B Bulletin BSEHNC Bulletin de la Société d’Etudes NZJH New Zealand Journal of History Historiques de la Nouvelle Calédonie P Press PIM Pacic Islands Monthly DEA Diplôme d’Etudes Approfondies HJH Hawaiian Journal of History PNG Papua New Guinea IPS Institute of Paci c Studies Q Quarterly J Journal R Reprint or new edition, with date of JPH Journal of Pacic History original publication or previous issue S Society JPS Journal of the Polynesian Society SPB South Pacic Bulleltin JSO Journal de la Société des Océanistes U University N Newsletter na not available UPNG University of Papua New Guinea nd no date USP University of the South Paci c np no publisher/place of publication Z Zeitschrift
Analysis of climatic factors influencing migrations of the salamander Ambystoma talpoideum

Migrations of breeding adult and metamorphosing juvenile mole salamanders, Ambystoma talpoideum, were studied in five populations in South Carolina from September 1978 through July 1982. Onset of breeding immigrations occurred as early as September but migrations ''en masse'' did not occur until November, December, or January. Time of peak migration varied annually depending upon meteorological conditions. Total number of breeding adults or breeding population size, was significantly correlated with cumulative rainfall during the time of immigration. Sex ratio of immigrating adults was significantly biased towards males at the beginning of the breeding season whereas by the end of the season it was biased towards females. During the very dry year of 1980 - 1981 water levels in two relatively permanent breeding sites were substantially metamorphosis and emigration of sexually mature gilled morphs. Statistical models which predict the magnitude of migrations indicated that rainfall, water level, and minimum air temperature were consistently important environmental variables.
The impact of trade facilitation on poverty and inequality: Evidence from low- and middle-income countries

Although there are numerous empirical studies on the effect of trade facilitation on international trade and gross domestic product (GDP), there have been no studies on the effect of trade facilitation on poverty and inequality. This study examines the effect of trade facilitation on poverty and inequality in low- and middle-income countries using generalized method of moments-type instrumental variable regression. In this study, trade facilitation is measured by the number of documents and the number of days needed for exports and imports. It is found that trade facilitation helps the low- and middle-income countries decrease poverty and inequality, and increase per capita GDP.
Bovine Mastitis due to Coliform Bacteria, and Susceptibility to Antibiotics, Nigeria

This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of coliform bacteria in bovine milk in Plateau State of Nigeria and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. A total of 640 milk samples were collected aseptically and 160 questionnaires from where data such as breed, age, parity, lactation stage, floor type, and husbandry system were analyzed. Cows without clinical mastitis were subjected to California Mastitis Test to determine the presence of subclinical mastitis. Bacteriological assays and antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted according to standard guidelines. Subclinical mastitis with a prevalence of 63.8% was more prevalent in cows than clinical mastitis. Overall, the Friesian breed had the highest mastitis prevalence of 85.7% compared to White Fulani (which is indigenous in Nigeria). Cows aged within 2-4 years old had the least mastitis prevalence of 55.2%. Coliforms isolated from milk samples included E coli, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, C. freundii, E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, and S. marcescens, with E coli having the highest prevalence of 44.8%. The most resistant antimicrobial agent was Streptomycin with 79% prevalence. The principle of One Health approach which targets the environment, animals and humans should be considered important. Good hygienic measures should be intensified among pastoralists.
Effect of Lactic Acid Fermentation on Enrichment of Antioxidant Properties and Bioactive Isoflavones in Soybean

ABSTRACT: The antioxidant properties of 80% ethanolic extracts from soybean obtained with lactic acid fermentation using ABTS•+ [2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) diammonium salt] free radical decolorization assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay were measured, and the relationship between the observed antioxidant properties and the compositional changes in the isoflavone isomers was evaluated. Fermentation of soybean with 4 bacterial strains producing β-glucosidase for 48 h at 37°C—Lactobacillus plantarum KFRI 00144, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. latisKFRI01181, Bifidobacteriathermophilum KFRI00748, and Bifidobacteria breve K-101—resulted in a significant increas (P < 0.05) in the antioxidant capacity expressed as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (mM) and % scavenging activity. The significant bioconversion (P < 0.001) of the isoflavone glucosides (daidzin + genistin) into their responding bioactive aglycones (daidzein + genistein) during soy fermentation was observed. There was a good linear correlation between the concentration of isoflavone aglycones and the scavenging activity of ABTS (R = 0.9045) assay, and DPPH (R = 0.8299) assay in each extract. Among each extract, B. thermophilum KFRI 00748 showed a particularly high antioxidant activity (19.8 mM TEAC) and increased by 4.1 times compared with that of the control (4.8 mM TEAC), which fermented without strains. These results indicated that fermented soybean could be regarded as a potent antioxidant and radical scavenging dietary source due to their remarkable content of bioactive isoflavones.
Low genetic connectivity in an estuarine fish with pelagic larvae

We evaluated the spatial scale of metapopulation structure and genetic connectivity in rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, using eight microsatellite loci at 22 spawning locations throughout Newfoundland and Labrador. Consistent with low gene flow and limited dispersal, significant genetic structuring (FST ≈ 0.11) was present at small spatial scales ( 200 km). We hypothesized that despite high dispersal potential associated with a pelagic larval stage, behaviours restricting gene flow may result in structuring at the estuary scale. Multidimensional scaling and neighbour-joining of multilocus genotypes indicate some bay-scale associations. However, a comparison of FST values and IBD residuals at both estuary and bay scales indicated low structure within and elevated structure among estuaries. Estuarine structuring was further supported by the presence of s.
Optimal tariffs, optimal taxes and economic development

Cross-section and time-series data suggest that nations substitute income taxes for tariffs as they develop. This paper confronts the data within the context of a two-country open-economy endogenous growth model in which public expenditure is financed by an optimal tariff and income tax. When the latter is subject to administrative costs, the model predicts that the government will optimally substitute the income tax for the tariff as output rises along the transition. The model is calibrated and a simulation yields time paths for the shares of total government revenue derived from the tariff and the income tax that are consistent with the data.
Additions to West Indian Tertiary decapod crustaceans

Material. —Tips of two fingers, from the Rio de Mao, 3 miles above Paso Bajito, at Cercado de Mao, Dominican Republic; Cercado formation: lower Miocene; T. W. Vaughan and C. W. Cooke, collectors (8525). Cat. No. 328230, U.S.N.M. Description. —One of these pieces, holotype, 1s more than twice as long as the other and resembles the tip of a major, immovable finger of N. norvegicus (Linnaeus)! in the shape, which is nearly straight until near the tip where it turns rapidly inward. The surface, except on the prehensile edge is smoothly rounded, not longitudinally furrowed as in norvegicus. The prehensile edge has five teeth, which are stout, blunt, and of a reddish-brown color, lighter at the tip than at the base; the tooth nearest the broken end 1s of medium size and slightly broader than long; separated by a narrow interval there is a much larger tooth than the first; it is longer than wide, and subparallel to the finger tip, which is slenderer and sharper; between the large tooth and the tip, but much nearer the former there are three very small teeth, the three interspaces subequal and a little wider than that between the two largest teeth; of the small teeth the two distal ones are subequal and are shorter and narrower than the more proximal one. The main part of the finger is a light tan color and is covered with microscopic granules; the long tip is dark brown, which extends as far back as the third small tooth. The
: Developing reason

We argue in favour of the general proposition that the nature of reasoning is best understood within a context of its origins and development. A major dimension of what develops in the years from childhood to adulthood, we propose, is increasing meta-level monitoring and management of cognition. Two domains are examined in presenting support for these claims—multivariable causal reasoning and argumentive reasoning.
The Effect of Acentric Colony Location on the Energetics of Avian Coloniality

We evaluate the energetic consequences of avian coloniality when colony sites are not centrally located within a foraging region, and we determine how acentric a colony can be before the energetic advantage of shorter mean flight distance postulated by Horn (1968) is lost for average individuals. We present a general equation for making these calculations for any shape of foraging region and any food distribution pattern, and we specifically calculate values for circular, linear, and elliptic foraging regions. Our calculations show that mean flight distances are less for average colony members than for average members of a dispersed population as long as the colony is displaced no more than 70% of the radius from the center of a circular foraging region or no more than 66.7% of the half-length of a linear foraging region. For elliptic regions the degree of allowable displacement depends on both direction of displacement and shape of the ellipse. It varies from 40%-70% of the semimajor axis length, depending on length of the minor axis, when displacement is along the major axis. It varies from 34%-70% of the semimajor axis length when displacement is along the minor axis. We also present the range of allowable displacements when a colony is not displaced along one of the axes. We discuss the general implication of our results, the fact that not all individuals stand to benefit energetically from coloniality when colonies are acentric, the importance of shape of foraging region, and the fact that the energetic consequences of coloniality, whether positive or negative, must always be considered before the adaptive significance of avian coloniality can be fully understood.
Incidence of Human Skin Pathogens from Cosmetic Tools used in Beauty Saloons in Different Areas of Lahore, Pakistan

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE BN-BD With the surprising development across the cosmetic and personal care companies the re-utilization of cosmetic tools is of a common practice. Isolation and detection of human skin pathogens from 100 samples of beauty salon tools i.e., blusher brush, face sponge and wax has been done. All the samples were examined microbiologically for the contamination of Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , yeast and fungus. It was observed that the percentage of Staphylococcus aureus was higher (100% in sponge, 100% in brush, 88% in wax) in the tools than Pseudomonas aeruginosa (69.6% in sponge, 81.8% in brush and 73.5% in wax), where counts obtained for fungus was 51.5% in sponge, 30.3% in brush and 20.5% in wax. It was observed that the major cause of contamination of saloon tools is repetitive usage on all costumers without considering the hygienic conditions. Keywords : Human skin pathogens; Cosmetic contamination; Pseudomonas in cosmetics; S.aureus in cosmetics. © 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2. 9640 J. Sci. Res. 4 (2), 523-527 (2012)
Sclerotia morphology traits and mycelial growth rate are not informative variables for population studies of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

The usefulness of sclerotia morphology traits and mycelial growth rate to infer phenotypic variability in populations of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum associated with common beans in Minas Gerais State (MG) was assessed in two experiments. Isolates (131) were collected in the Northwestern, Alto Paranaiba, Zona da Mata and Southern regions of MG and the mycelial growth rate, the number, weight and dimensions (length, width and thickness) of sclerotia and mycelial pigmentation were assessed. There was a high variability among isolates, even among colonies of the same isolate. The variance of the first experiment for the mycelial growth rate, number, weight, length, width and thickness of sclerotia, were 0.01, 190.15, 0.01, 0.62, 0.12 and 0.05, whereas in the second, the variances were 0.01, 28.48, 0.002, 0.18, 0.06 and 0.03, respectively. Most correlations between traits were of low magnitude except that between length and width (r = 0.84, 'P < 0.001). Regarding colony pigmentation, non-pigmented, pigmented and highly pigmented isolates were identified, but for most isolates this characteristic varied between experiments. No groups based on phenotypic traits were detected. The morphological traits evaluated in the present study are not suitable for characterization of populations of S. sclerotiorum.
Pictures of an Invasion: English Holly (Ilex aquifolium) in a Semi-Natural Pacific Northwest Forest

Abstract English holly (Ilex aquifolium) is an increasingly common invader of west-side Pacific Northwest forests, but little sitescale information exists about the pattern and processes of this invasion. We comprehensively surveyed English holly in an 8.4 ha area of invaded forest at St. Edward State Park (WA), a largely native forest in the Seattle metropolitan area. We measured, mapped, aged, and removed all holly ≥ 1 cm basal diameter or > 1 m from the nearest sampled holly, and used these data to characterize the invading population and the course of the invasion. Holly in our sample (n = 466 known-age plants; 55.5 stems ha-1) ranged in age from 1 to 46 years. Trees ≥10 years old appeared to have very low mortality rates and exhibited accelerating rates of size increase and biomass accumulation with age. Native vegetation was greatly reduced under holly canopy. Our spatial and age data indicate that holly is proliferating and spreading rapidly at two scales: contiguous, primarily vegetative, expansion of tree clumps, and long distance dispersal via seed. Spread by both mechanisms appears to be accelerating, with population and canopy area both increasing approximately exponentially, having doubling times of approximately 6 and 5 years respectively. Projecting past spread patterns forward suggests that holly has the potential to soon become a prominent species both in number and canopy extent, likely at the expense of native plant diversity and forest structure. Based on these results, we offer recommendations for holly management in forested areas in the region.
Effects of local fiscal policy on firm profitability

For decades, scholars and policy-makers have been interested in how fiscal policy influences entrepreneurship. Until now, research has focused on fiscal policy at the federal or regional level and used macro-economic outcome measures. Considerably less attention was given to how municipal governments can influence economic outcomes at the micro level. The present study examines the effect of municipal taxes, spending and tax compliance costs on firm profitability within the Flemish hospitality industry. This is an interesting research setting, since Flemish municipalities have far-ranging fiscal autonomy which has resulted in a proliferation of local taxes, many of which are specific to the hospitality industry. The findings reveal that local taxes have a negative impact on firm profitability, while aggregate public spending has a positive influence. The tax effect is economically relevant and exceeds the public spending impact. Finally, we find no impact of compliance costs from local taxes.
Critical Factors and Benefits in the Implementation of Customer Relationship Management

Abstract In competitive consumer markets, building and maintaining a good relationship with customers is essential to long-term business survival. Currently, firms are applying Customer Relationship Management (CRM) to facilitate the maintenance of this relationship. This investigation applies interview survey methods to explore the relationship between Business Process Reengineering (BPR), Organizational Learning, Relationship Quality, and Organizational Performance in the implementation of a CRM system. Among these factors, BPR and Organizational Learning are the first steps in the construction of CRM. BPR involves staff reward and training, organizational structure, and information technology tools. Organizational learning involves commitment to learning, shared visions and open-mindedness. Relationship Quality involves trust, satisfaction and commitment, which are intended to be increased by the implementation. The Balanced Scorecard approach is applied to the measurement of Organizational Performance, involving the internal business process, learning and growth, customer, and financial performance perspectives. Overall, the study supports the proposition relationship between the four perspectives. The actual implementation of CRM is believed by the respondents to contribute to an improvement in relationship quality and organizational performance, and the consensus is that implementation of a CRM system should be preceded by BPR and organizational learning.
The proinsulin-to-adiponectin ratio could be the best practical indicator of the early type 2 diabetes

In 1974, the "Ariadne's thread" (from Greek Mythology, pick one's way through the Labyrinth) of autoimmunity leading to the immunogenetic theory of type 1 diabetes mellitus made it possible to conclude that in this phenotype there exists an unsolved conflict between β-cells and the body's autoreactive immune system. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the "Ariadne's thread" links obesity to pancreatic β-cell biology. Unfortunately, beginning from a wrong interpretation of the relationship between plasma glucose and plasma insulin, the insulin resistance hypothesis was born and claimed as the main defect of T2DM. Overlooking obesity, the understanding of T2DM pathogenesis was delayed by almost half a century. Fortunately, the adipobiology, particularly adipocytes was able to reach the "drawing board" of researchers, and has all the chances these cells to become the "cell of the century", just as the pancreatic β-cell was last the cell of century. The association of diabetes and obesity has motivated us to put pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes head-to-head, that is, we moved from the T2DM-obesity couple to the β-cell-adipocyte couple, appreciating their main secretory products, insulin/proinsulin, C-peptide, amylin (for β-cells), and adiponectin, as well as other numerous adipokines (for adipocytes). We thus propose that the proinsulin-to-adiponectin ratio could become the earliest predictor of dysfunction of these two cell types. Adipobiology 2012; 4: 41-50.
From web to SMS: A text summarization of Wikipedia pages with character limitation

Wikipedia is one of the main sources of information on the Web. But the access to this content may be difficult especially when using a basic telephone without browsing capability and only a GSM network. The only means of text-based communication remains through SMS. Due to the limitation of the number of characters, a Wikipedia page cannot always be sent through SMS. This work raises the issue of text summarization with character limitation. To solve this issue, two extractive approaches have been combined: LSA and TextRank algorithms. Generated summaries have been evaluated using ROUGE metrics. Since ROUGE metrics do not consider character limitation, a new threshold named Threshold of Acceptability for Character-Oriented Summaries (TACOS) has been proposed to appreciate ROUGE metrics. The evaluation showed the relevance of the approach for pages of at most 2000 characters. The system has been tested using the SMS simulator of RapidSMS without a GSM gateway to simulate the deployment in a real environment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work tackling text summarization issue with character limitation.
Changes in soluble amino-N, soluble proteins and free amino acids in leaves and roots of salt-stressed maize genotypes

Abstract The effects of salt stress on the contents of organic solutes and on the pattern of free amino acids were studied in leaves and roots of two maize genotypes, BR5033 (salt-tolerant) and BR5011 (salt-sensitive). In leaves and roots of salt-stressed plants, soluble amino-N increased with time when compared to the controls. Salt stress increased the soluble protein content only in leaves of BR5011. Salinity increased the content of the majority of the free amino acids in leaves and roots of genotypes studied. Results suggest the hypothesis of disturbances in translocation of N-containing compounds from shoot to root in the salt-sensitive genotype. Results also suggest that the accumulation of organic solutes, mainly in roots of BR5033, may have an important role in the tolerance of this genotype to salt stress.