Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HPV Vaccination: The Position Paper of the Italian Society of Colposcopy and Cervico-Vaginal Pathology (SICPCV)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) related cervical cancer represents an issue of public health priority. The World Health Organization recommended the introduction of HPV vaccination in all national public programs. In Europe, vaccines against HPV have been available since 2006. In Italy, vaccination is recommended and has been freely offered to all young girls aged 11 years since 2008. Three prophylactic HPV vaccines are available against high- and low-risk genotypes. The quadrivalent vaccine contains protein antigens for HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18. The bivalent vaccine includes antigens for HPV 16 and 18. The nonavalent vaccine was introduced in 2014, and it targets HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. Clinical trials demonstrated the effectiveness of the three vaccines in healthy young women. Likewise, all vaccines showed an excellent safety profile. The bivalent vaccine provides two doses in subjects aged between 9 and 14 years and three doses in subjects over 14 years of age. The quadrivalent vaccine provides two doses in individuals from 9 to 13 years and three doses in individuals aged 14 years and over. The nonavalent vaccine schedule provides two doses in individuals from 9 to 14 years of age and three doses in individuals aged 15 years and over at the time of the first administration. Preliminary results suggest that the HPV vaccine is effective in the prevention of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions even after local treatment. Given these outcomes, in general, it is imperative to expand the vaccinated target population. Some interventions to improve the HPV vaccine’s uptake include patient reminders, physicians-focused interventions, school-based vaccinations programs, and social marketing strategies. The Italian Society of Colposcopy and Cervico-Vaginal Pathology (SICPCV) is committed to supporting vaccination programs for children and adolescents with a catch-up program for young adults. The SICPCV also helps clinical and information initiatives in developing countries to decrease the incidence of cervico-vaginal and vulvar pathology.
IL‐2 induces expression and secretion of IFN‐γ in murine peritoneal macrophages

We investigated the effect of interleukin (IL)‐2, a T cell growth factor capable of activating certain macrophage functions, on interferon (IFN)‐γ expression in resting mouse peritoneal macrophages (PM). IL‐2 addition to PM from different mouse strains up‐modulated IFN‐γ mRNA and protein secretion. It is notable that endogenous type I and II IFNs did not play any role in the IL‐2‐mediated effect, as comparable levels of secreted IFN‐γ were observed upon IL‐2 stimulation of PM from deficient mice. In contrast, endogenous IFN‐γ was requested for the IL‐12‐induced IFN‐γ production. It is interesting that blocking of each component of the IL‐2 receptor (IL‐2R) by neutralizing antibodies almost completely abolished IL‐2‐induced IFN‐γ production, suggesting that all IL‐2R chains contribute to the PM biological response to IL‐2. The simultaneous treatment of PM with IL‐2 and IL‐12 resulted in a higher IFN‐γ secretion with respect to that obtained upon treatment with IL‐2 or IL‐12 alone. It is notable that IFN‐γ protein was expressed intracellularly in the majority of cells exhibiting a macrophage phenotype (i.e., F4/80+) and was secreted upon IL‐2 stimulation. Overall, these findings demonstrate that IL‐2 regulates at different levels IFN‐γ expression in macrophages, highlighting the crucial role of these cells and their regulated responsiveness to key cytokines in the cross‐talk between innate and adaptive immunity.
Brain Imaging Study on the Pathogenesis of Depression & Therapeutic Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Objective Predefining the most effective treatment for patients with depressive disorders remains a problem. We will examine the differential brain regions of gray matter (GM) in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and the relationship between changes in their volume and the efficacy of early antidepressant treatment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods 159 never-medicated patients with first-episode MDD and 53 normal control subjects (NCs) were enrolled. The brains were scanned by MRI and measured with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)s, and the non-responder group and responder group were obtained. The patients were analyzed by voxel-based morphological (VBM) and SPSS software. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed for the difference between the responder group and the non-responder group in the differential brain regions, and Pearson correlations were computed between volume size and HAMD score reduction rate. Results Smaller GM volume of the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), and the orbital parts of the right medial frontal gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus were observed in MDD versus the NCs. The non-responder group demonstrated a significant volume reduction at the right STG compared with the responders, but no corresponding change in orbital part of right medial frontal gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus. ROC analysis showed that Accuracy=71.2%. There was a positive correlation between the STG gray matter volume and the HAMD-17 score reduction rate (r=0.347, p=0.002). Conclusion The study results confirmed the local changes in brain structure in MDD and may initially predict the early treatment response produced by SSRIs as antidepressants.
A COMPLETE SPECIES CENSUS AND EVIDENCE FOR REGIONAL DECLINES IN PIPING PLOVERS

Abstract Complete population estimates for widely distributed species are rarely possible. However, for the third time in 10 years, an International Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) Breeding and Winter Census was conducted throughout the species range in 2001. Nearly 1,400 participants from 32 U.S. states and Puerto Rico; 9 Canadian provinces; St. Pierre and Miquelon, France; Cuba; and the Bahamas visited 2,244 sites covering 11,836 km of shoreline habitat. During the winter census, 2,389 piping plovers were observed at 33.5% of potentially occupied sites (n = 352). Of these, 56.8% had ≤ 10 birds present. The breeding census recorded 5,945 adults at 777 of 1,892 sites surveyed. More than 80% of sites with piping plovers present had ≤ 10 birds. Results indicated an 8.4% increase from 1991 but only a 0.2% increase since 1996. Regional trends suggest that since 1991, number of breeding birds increased on the Atlantic Coast by 78% (2,920 birds; 12.4% increase since 1996) and by 80% in the Great Lakes (72 birds; 50% increase since 1996). However, plovers declined 15% (2,953 birds; 10% decline since 1996) in Prairie Canada/U.S. northern Great Plains. Subregional trends since 1991 reflect a 32.4% decline in Prairie Canada (972 birds; 42.4% decline since 1996), a 2.5% decline in the U.S. northern Great Plains (1,981 birds; 24% increase since 1996), 5.5% decline in eastern Canada (481 birds; 14% increase since 1996), although a 66.2% increase on the U.S. Atlantic Coast (2,430 birds; 12% since 1996). While numbers were down in much of the U.S. northern Great Plains since 1996, an increase (460%, 1,048 birds; 67.7% increase since 1991) was detected on the Missouri River. Results from 3 complete species census efforts provide essential data for conservation planning and assessment and illustrate the utility of global censuses for species of concern.
Impaired Fibrinolysis in Patients with Isolated Aortic Stenosis is Associated with Enhanced Oxidative Stress

Aortic stenosis (AS) has been associated with impaired fibrinolysis and increased oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate whether oxidative stress could alter fibrin clot properties in AS. We studied 173 non-diabetic patients, aged 51–79 years, with isolated AS. We measured plasma protein carbonylation (PC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), along with plasma clot permeability (Ks), thrombin generation, and fibrinolytic efficiency, which were evaluated by two assays: clot lysis time (CLT) and lysis time (Lys50). Coagulation factors and fibrinolytic proteins were also determined. Plasma PC showed an association with AS severity, reflected by the aortic valve area and the mean and maximum aortic gradients. Plasma PC was positively correlated with CLT, Lys50, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue factor (TF) antigens. TBARS were positively correlated with maximum aortic gradient, Lys50, and TF antigen. Regression analysis showed that PC predicted prolonged CLT (>104 min; odds ratio (OR) 6.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.58–17.83, p < 0.001) and Lys50 (>565 s; OR 5.83, 95% CI 2.23–15.21, p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that mean aortic gradient, PC, α2-antiplasmin, PAI-1, and triglycerides were predictors of prolonged CLT, while PC, α2-antiplasmin, and fibrinogen were predictors of Lys50. Our findings suggest that elevated oxidative stress contributes to impaired fibrinolysis in AS and is associated with AS severity.
Supportive Implant Therapy (SIT): A Prospective 10-Year Study of Patient Compliance Rates and Impacting Factors

The main objective of this study is to present patient compliance rates and influential factors for regular attendance in a systematic implant aftercare program (Supportive Implant Therapy; SIT) within a 10-year observation period. From 2005 to 2008, we identified 233 patients with 524 implants and implant-supported restorations at the study center. They had been instructed to attend an SIT program with 3-month recall intervals. A 2019 clinical prospective cohort study on 10-year compliance rates was performed. Data were assessed yearly in regression analyses to identify influential factors. Noncompliance rates increased during the period (4.8%, year 1; 39.7%, year 10). Total noncompliance was observed in four patients (1.7%) with 10 implants. “Age,” “Gender,” “Diabetes”, and “Surgical case complexity” showed no correlation with patient compliance. “Smoking” and “Cardiovascular diseases” significantly influenced patients in one of ten years, while “Number of implants per patient”, “Type of implant-supported prostheses”, and “Pre-existing experience in a prophylaxis program” reached significance after several years. When patients with implant-supported restorations are strongly recommended and frequently remotivated to comply with an SIT program with 3-month recall, an approximately 60% compliance rate after 10 years is achievable. Previous prophylaxis program experience, increased number of implants per patient, and removable implant-supported prostheses may be strong influential factors for increased patient compliance.
Dietary phytoestrogens and biomarkers of their intake in relation to cancer survival and recurrence: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis.

CONTEXT Recent studies have outlined the potential role of dietary factors in patients who have survived cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence of the relation between dietary intake of phytoestrogens and their blood biomarkers and, overall, cancer-specific mortality and recurrence in patients with cancer. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases of studies published up to September 2019 was performed. Databases were searched for prospective and retrospective cohort studies reporting on dietary phytoestrogen intake and/or blood biomarkers and the outcomes investigated. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted from each identified study using a standardized form. DATA ANALYSIS Twenty-eight articles on breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer, and glioma were included for systematic review. Given the availability of studies, a quantitative meta-analysis was performed solely for breast cancer outcomes. A significant inverse association among higher dietary isoflavone intake, higher serum/plasma enterolactone concentrations, and overall mortality and cancer recurrence was found. Among other cancer types, 2 studies reported that higher serum enterolactone and higher intake of lignans were associated with cancer-specific survival for colorectal cancer and glioma, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dietary phytoestrogens may play a role in survival from breast cancer ; evidence regarding other cancers is too limited to draw any conclusions.
Correlated Time-0 and Hot-Carrier Stress Induced FinFET Parameter Variabilities: Modeling Approach

We identify correlation between the drain currents in pristine n-channel FinFET transistors and changes in time-0 currents induced by hot-carrier stress. To achieve this goal, we employ our statistical simulation model for hot-carrier degradation (HCD), which considers the effect of random dopants (RDs) on HCD. For this analysis we generate a set of 200 device instantiations where each of them has its own unique configuration of RDs. For all “samples” in this ensemble we calculate time-0 currents (i.e., currents in undamaged FinFETs) and then degradation characteristics such as changes in the linear drain current and device lifetimes. The robust correlation analysis allows us to identify correlation between transistor lifetimes and drain currents in unstressed devices, which implies that FinFETs with initially higher currents degrade faster, i.e., have more prominent linear drain current changes and shorter lifetimes. Another important result is that although at stress conditions the distribution of drain currents becomes wider with stress time, in the operating regime drain current variability diminishes. Finally, we show that if random traps are also taken into account, all the obtained trends remain the same.
AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE LATE HEMPHILLIAN WHITE CONE LOCAL FAUNA, NAVAJO COUNTY, ARIZONA

Hemphillian Land Mammal Age (late Miocene) paleoherpetofaunas are fairly well represented from the midcontinental region of North America (Parmley and Holman, 1995), but amphibians and reptiles of this time period are poorly known from the western United States (Holman, 2000). Here we present the findings of a study of a small, but diverse late Hemphillian paleoherpetofauna (White Cone local fauna) from Arizona. A brief discussion of the paleoherpetofauna was provided by Peck and Parmley (2000), but this report is the first detailed account of the paleoherpetofauna. It represents the first paleoherpetofauna of this age from what is now the southwest desert region of North America (Holman, 2000). These findings are important in that they significantly add to our knowledge and understanding of amphibian and reptile biodiversity of the southwestern United States approximately 6.5 Ma. The White Cone herpetofauna comes from the upper member of the Bidahochi Formation located on joint use land of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Nations in Navajo County, northeastern Arizona (Repenning et al., 1958; Baskin, 1978, 1979). The age of these sediments is considered to be early late Hemphillian (ca. 6.5 Ma) based on its mammalian fauna (Baskin 1978, 1979) and a radiometric date of 6.69 + 0.20 Ma derived from basalts near the White Cone sediments by Scarborough et al. (1974).
Prevalence and risk factors of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in Loei Province, 2013

A liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini ( O. viverrini; OV), is a serious health problem of Northeast, Thailand. O. viverrini infectionisthemajoretiologyofcholangiocarcinoma.Thisstudyisacross-sectionalanalytic study, aimed to determine actual levels of O. viverrini infection and behavior for prevention and control of O. viverrini infection andcholangiocarcinoma.Thesubjectswerechosen byusing30ClustersSamplingtechnique from14amphur,LoeiprovincewhichrepresentthewholepopulationinLoei.Thedatacollectedbyquestionnaire andstoolexaminationbyusingmethodofModifiedKatoKazt.Atotalof 595 subjectswereobtainedfrom278 malesand317females,meanage43years.Stoolexaminationshowedthat15. 63%wereinfectedwith O. viverrini. Malewereinfectedwith O. viverrini by64.51%andfemaleswereinfectedwith O. viverrini by35.49%,most ofagegroup50-59yearswereinfectedwith O. viverrini by22.50%. Thelevelof O. viverrini eggbyfecesper gramwaslowbycount.Thesubjectshadknowledge abouthopisthorchiasisandcholangiocarcinomainlowlevel (46.90%),notknowinghowtotakepraziquantelcorrectlyand notknowingsideeffectofmedicine64.70and 56.10%. Behaviorofhealthinsubjectsaboutrisk,severityandusefulofcuressandpreventionininfectedwith O. viverrini inmildlevel.Thesubjectsremainedeatingrawfreshwaterfishandfoodthatcauseofcholangiocarcinoma (52.60and93.78%). Thepeoplestillenjoyeatingrawfish:spicyfishandkoifish(12.40and10.90%). Risk behaviorof Opsisthorchis viverrini forpreventionandcontrolof Opsisthorchis viverrini refertoeatrawpickled fish and preserved fish (OR.=5.36, 95% CI.=2.54:11.29 and OR.=2.96, 95% CI.=1.98:8.92). Therefore, encouragingpeopletoavoidhealthriskbehaviorshouldbeundertakenmoreinLoeiprovince andsupportinglocal communitiestofindwaystochangeeatingbehaviors. Keywords: Prevalenceof Opisthorchis viverrini, BehaviorforPreventionandControl
Human Serum Albumin in the Presence of AGuIX Nanoagents: Structure Stabilisation without Direct Interaction

The gadolinium-based nanoagent named AGuIX® is a unique radiosensitizer and contrast agent which improves the performance of radiotherapy and medical imaging. Currently tested in clinical trials, AGuIX® is administrated to patients via intravenous injection. The presence of nanoparticles in the blood stream may induce harmful effects due to undesired interactions with blood components. Thus, there is an emerging need to understand the impact of these nanoagents when meeting blood proteins. In this work, the influence of nanoagents on the structure and stability of the most abundant blood protein, human serum albumin, is presented. Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism showed that AGuIX® does not bind to the protein, even at the high ratio of 45 nanoparticles per protein at 3 mg/L. However, it increases the stability of the albumin. Isothermal thermodynamic calorimetry and fluorescence emission spectroscopy demonstrated that the effect is due to preferential hydration processes. Thus, this study confirms that intravenous injection of AGuIX® presents limited risks of perturbing the blood stream. In a wider view, the methodology developed in this work may be applied to rapidly evaluate the impact and risk of other nano-products that could come into contact with the bloodstream.
Evidence-Based Physical Therapy for Individuals with Rett Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Rett syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects brain development and causes severe mental and physical disability. This systematic review analyzes the most recent evidence concerning the role of physical therapy in the management of individuals with Rett syndrome. The review was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A total of 17319 studies were found in the main scientific databases. Applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 22 studies were admitted to the final phase of the review. Level of evidence of the included studies was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine—Levels of Evidence guide. Nine approaches to physical therapy for patients with Rett syndrome were identified: applied behavior analysis, conductive education, environmental enrichment, traditional physiotherapy with or without aids, hydrotherapy, treadmill, music therapy, computerized systems, and sensory-based treatment. It has been reported that patients had clinically benefited from the analysed approaches despite the fact that they did not have strong research evidence. According to the results, a multimodal individualized physical therapy program should be regularly recommended to patients with Rett syndrome in order to preserve autonomy and to improve quality of life. However, more high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Stock market integration between Turkey and BRICS countries: empirical evidence from a cointegration test with structural breaks

Purpose - The goal of this paper is to examine the cointegration relationship between BIST-100 index and BRICS countries’ (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) stock market indices using monthly data over the period 2003:01-2019:08. To that end, this paper performs a cointegration test that considers both sharp and gradual breaks. Methodology - Long term relationship between BIST-100 index and BRICS countries stock indexes for January 2003-August 2019 period is examined by Dickey and Fuller (1981) and Phillips and Perron (1988) unit root test and Tsong et al. (2016) cointegration test with structural breaks. Findings- The empirical findings indicate that BIST-100 index is cointegrated with the stock market indices in Brazil, Russia, and China, while it is not cointegrated with the stock market indices in India and South Africa. Conclusion- The findings reveal that BIST 100 is not cointegrated with the stock market indices in India and South Africa. These findings imply that investors in BIST can also invest in India’s and South Africa’s stock markets. In this way, investors will be able to reduce their risks by investing in stock exchange indices which has not long-term relationship (cointegration).
Genetic Parameters of Linear Type Traits Scored at 30 Months in Italian Heavy Draught Horse

Simple Summary Current selection in the Italian Heavy Draught Horse (IHDH) is based on linear type traits scored on foals, but the studbook admission of candidate mares and stallion requires an additional evaluation of linear type traits at adult age, about 30 months. The study intended estimating the genetic parameters of these traits to evaluate the possible shift from type scored on foals to adult. Results showed a moderate heritability of traits, and a positive genetic trend was observed in the traits of selection interest. This suggests the feasibility of using linear type traits scored at adult age for genetic improvement of the IHDH. Abstract The Italian Heavy Draught Horse (IHDH) breed is selected based on linear type traits (LTT) evaluated at young age on six-month-old foals. However, animals retained for reproduction are scored also at adults age (about 30 months), and the evaluation is mandatory for the final official admission to the stud book of candidate mares and stallions. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters of LTT scored at 30 months to consider if they are feasible for selection instead of using foal data and to reduce costs of selection plan. Data included 19 years of evaluation for 14 LTT and an overall score. Analyses were performed on 5835 females and 856 males via animal model. The heritability ranged from 0.03 (upper line length) to 0.40 (frame size). Traits of selection interest (head size and expression; temperament/movement; fleshiness; fore diameter; rear diameter) reported heritability between 0.21 and 0.31. High genetic correlations were obtained among traits related to muscular development, 0.73 on average. Positive genetic trends were found in traits of selection interest, already selected from foal type trait data. Accounting for genetic parameters estimated in adult animals instead in foals is feasible in IHDH selection.