Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Adolescent’s Health: the Effect of Coping Mechanism

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that male and female experience different types and severities of physical and psychological health symptoms. This study examined whether in the case of adolescents gender differences in physical and psychological health symptoms could actually be the result of differences in coping mechanism. Various factors have an influence on which coping strategies are mobilized under specific circumstances like age and gender. The present paper focuses on the interrelationships between the ways of coping and some health-related variables in adolescence. Objectives: (i) To find out gender differences affecting physical and psychological health symptoms. (ii)To find out gender differences affecting coping styles. (iii) To ascertain the relationship between coping styles and both physical and psychological health symptoms, in both male and female adolescents. Methods: The participants of the present study comprised of 100 adolescents male 50 and female 50 and they were from senior secondary schools and graduate schools recruited from Aligarh. They are adolescents and their age ranged from 13 to 18 years. Measures: Brief Cope Scale was developed by (Carver. 1997). The Brief Cope is a Likert type questionnaire that contains 14 strategies although the Brief COPE contains 28 items. WHO-QOL Scale: World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment, the WHOQOL-100 is a cross-culturally valid assessment of well-being. Assessment is operationalized through 100 items representing 25 facets organized in six domains. Result and Conclusion The results of this study suggest that doctors, school counselors and family therapists may want to take gender differences in coping styles into account when seeing adolescent patients for physical or psychological health symptoms, and find ways to help the adolescents cope more effectively with their stressors.
ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS AND ANTI FUNGAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANT CASSIA OBVATA COLLAD AGAINST DERMATOPHYTES

Different solvent extracts such as ethanol, methanol, ethylacetate, chloroform and aqueous extracts were obtained from leaves and shoot of a medicinal plant Cassia obvata Collad for screening the antifungal activity against dermatophytes such as Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton tonsurans and T. rubrum which were scraped from different skin portions of the patients. The aqueous extract showed maximum inhibition activity against test dermatophytes, as compared to ethanol, methanol, chloroform and ethylacetate extracts. Furthermore 9 elements such as Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn. P, S and Zn were analysed from Cassia obvata Collad which have therapeutic role in the skin diseases.
Dynamics of self-assembled surfactant systems

The dynamics of self-assembling systems were investigated for the model amphiphile A2B2 using stochastic dynamic simulations. Temperature jump computer “experiments” were performed and the evolution of the system to its new equilibrium state monitored. The results were interpreted based on the Aniansson–Wall theory of micellar kinetics. The transient behavior predicted using the Aniansson–Wall theory agrees well with the simulated data, particularly at short times. At long times, deviations are observed which may be ascribed to errors in estimating the dissociation rate and number density of aggregates in the all important micelle-depleted zone. The micellar dissociation constant was calculated from independent tagging simulations. The amphiphile exit rate constant was calculated at different temperatures from which an activation energy associated with the removal of a surfactant chain from a micelle was found to be of order 10–15 kT and to be independent of the friction coefficient. Finally the Helmholtz.
Elsholtzia blanda Benth: New Citral-rich Chemotypes from India

The essential oils of the previously un-investigated aerial parts of Elsholtzia blanda were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yields of the oil were found to be 0.93 and 1.70% on fresh weight basis. A total of 25 compounds, representing 82.8% and 87.9% of the oil, were identified. The main compounds were geranial (43.5%–48.8%), neral (31.7%–34.7%), E-isocitral (1.2%–0.1%), and caryophyllene oxide (1.6%–0.7%). These two cultivars have the potential to compete with commercial citral oils.
Nitrogen Accumulation in Soybean Following Defoliation

ABSTRACT The effects of defoliation on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] growth and yield have been well studied, but relatively little is known about its nitrogen (N) accumulation after defoliation. An experiment was conducted to examine soybean recovery and N accumulation following defoliation. The indeterminate cultivar (‘Tousan 69’) was planted in a greenhouse, and two defoliation treatments (no defoliation and 67% defoliation) were imposed at the R2 stage when plants had at least one flower in the two uppermost nodes. At 0, 15, 30 and 45 days after defoliation (DAD), plants were destructively sampled to measure dry mass production, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen fixation. Seed yield and N concentration also were measured at maturity. Neither the seed yield nor its N concentration was affected by defoliation. Although defoliation temporarily reduced soybean dry weight and N accumulation during 15 DAD, defoliated plants completely recovered their dry weight and N accumulation 30 DAD. There was little difference in N concentration between defoliated and non defoliated plants, indicating that N acquisition was restored during the recovery process. Recovery of N accumulation in defoliated plant was due to complete recovery of N2-fixing ability and maybe related to improvement in N absorption after defoliation.
Comments on the computation of the composition of quenching media in HV circuit breakers after current zero

General equations are derived whose solution gives the dependence of species concentrations of a closed gaseous system on time for a given dependence of temperature on time, on the assumption that either the dependence of pressure in on time or the dependence of volume of system on time is given. Some results from solving a previously proposed model are given for the case when is created by the products of dissociation and ionization and the temperature decreases exponentially from 10 000 K to 2500 K. Special attention is devoted to the relation between time-dependent composition and equilibrium composition.
Modeling the partial oxidation of methane in a fixed bed with detailed chemistry

This work presents a model of a fixed-bed reactor for the catalytic partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas at short contact time. The transient model, one dimensional in space, accounts for separate energy equations for the gas and solid phases, interphase heat and mass transfer, internal radiation within the fixed bed, longitudinal gas-phase dispersion, and detailed surface kinetics. The model is used to analyze the influence of the feedstock composition and temperature on the conversion and selectivity reactor performance. Furthermore, the study also investigates the blowout of the reaction and the impact of reactor geometry on the performance. Reactor scale-up is discussed and a general criterion is formulated. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50:1289–1299, 2004
Sharing Social Pain: Social Comparison and Affiliation After Social Exclusion

PAGE T he similarity attraction link w as explored am ong excluded individuals for affiliation and social com parison. Excluded people w ere expected to affiliate equally with excluded and neutral o thers. Yet they w ere expected to com pare m ore with excluded-affilates than accep ted or neutral-affiliates. In a betw een-sub jec ts experim ent, 148 partic ipants w ere either accep ted or excluded. They then in teracted with: an accepted-affiliate, an excludedaffiliate, or a neutral-affiliate. T he interactions w ere recorded with a hidden cam era . T ap es w ere coded for: total affiliation, affiliative tem peram ent, cognitive clarity com parisons, em otional com parisons, total social com parisons, and m iscellaneous affiliation. Excluded partic ipants affiliated equally with accep ted , excluded and neutral-affiliates, yet their tem p eram en t w as m ost affiliative am ong excluded-affiliates. Excluded participants m ade m ore cognitive clarity and em otional com parisons with excluded-affiliates than other affiliates. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
On the thickness of ferroelastic twin walls in lead phosphate Pb3(PO4)2 an X-ray diffraction study

Abstract The effective thickness of ferroelastic twin-walls (W-walls) in Pb3(PO4)2 at room temperature ( 0.7 T c ) was determined by X-ray diffraction. The diffraction profiles were analysed using a wall profile e=eotanh x/w where W is the effective wall thickness including the effects of wall bending and surface relaxations. The experimental value W is around 10 unit cells which is larger than expected from standard renormalization arguments. The limitations of such experimental studies are discussed.
Study of Carbonation of CaO for High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage

In view of its potential application to high temperature heat energy storage, carbonation of CaO with various CO2 pressures is investigated in the temperature range 873–1173 K by using a thermogravimetric analyzer under atmospheric conditions. For a given temperature, although the reaction takes place for a partial pressure of CO2, P, higher than the equilibrium CO2 pressure of CaCO3, Pe, the reaction rate shows a slight increase with increasing P. On the other hand, for a given P, the rate increases rapidly with increasing temperature from 973 to 1023 K, above which it decreases gradually. By applying a grain model and assuming the presence of a reaction intermediate, a possible reaction rate equation has been developed.
Study on electron trapping and interface states of various gate dielectric materials in 4H–SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors

The characteristics of electron trapping and interface states for various gate dielectrics formed on the 4H–SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors have been studied. Thermal gate oxides prepared by dry oxidation (in pure O2) or wet oxidation (in H2:O2=1:2), oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) stacked films and low-temperature oxide (LTO) films formed by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition were used. Post-oxidation anneal was performed at 1200 °C for 1 h in Ar ambient. It is found that the LTO film has lower interface state density and effective oxide charge density than the other gate dielectrics. Also, the LTO film showed excellent electron trapping characteristics against the electron injection. On the contrary, the electron trapping of ONO stacked film was larger than that of the thermal oxide and LTO film.
Numerical Simulation of Confined Nano-Impinging Jet in Microscale Cooling Application Using DSMC Method

In this study, we simulate rarefied gas flow through a confined nano-impinging jet using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The effects of geometrical parameters, pressure ratio, and wall conditions on the heat transfer from a hot surface are examined. Hot surface modeled via diffusive constant wall temperature. Various inlet/confining surface conditions such as specular, adiabatic, and constant temperature are implemented and the effects of them on the wall heat flux rates are studied. The results show that Knudsen number, velocity slip, and temperature jump are main reasons which specify magnitudes of wall heat flux rates. Among all geometrical parameters, H/W ratio has the greatest effect on heat transfer, where H is jet distance from the hot surface and W is the jet width. For different values of pressure ratio, the biggest quantity of wall heat flux rate relates to the lowest velocity slip case. Also for inlet/confining walls with constant temperature condition equal to coolant flow temperature, heat transfer from the hot surface was the maximum.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Laser activated nanothermolysis of leukemia cells monitored by photothermal microscopy

We are developing new diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for leukemia based on selective targeting of leukemia cells with gold nanoparticles and thermomechanical destruction of the tumor cells with laser-induced microbubbles. Clusters of spherical gold nanoparticles that have strong optical absorption of laser pulses at 532 nm served as nucleation sites of vapor microbubbles. The nanoparticles were targeted selectively to leukemia cells using leukemia-specific surface receptors and a set of two monoclonal antibodies. Application of a primary myeloid-specific antibody to tumor cells followed by targeting the cells with 30-nm nanoparticles conjugated with a secondary antibody (IgG) resulted in formation of nanoparticulate clusters due to aggregation of IgGs. Formation of clusters resulted in substantial decrease of the damage threshold for target cells. The results encourage development of Laser Activated Nanothermolysis as a Cell Elimination Therapy (LANCET) for leukemia. The proposed technology can be applied separately or in combination with chemotherapy for killing leukemia cells without damage to other blood cells. Potential applications include initial reduction of concentration of leukemia cells in blood prior to chemotherapy and treatment of residual tumor cells after the chemotherapy. Laser-induced bubbles in individual cells and cell damage were monitored by analyzing profile of photothermal response signals over the entire cell after irradiation with a single 10-ns long laser pulse. Photothermal microscopy was utilized for imaging formation of microbubbles around nanoparticulate clusters.
Effect of Nb doping on properties of Y-Ba-Cu ceramics

The properties of Nb-doped YBa2Cu3Oy ceramics obtained by thermolysis of the oxide or nitrate (Y, Ba, Cu) solution in ammonium nitrate melt were studied. For the composition YBa2Cu3-xNb0.05O6. 6, Tc = 92 K and the transport critical current Jc = 1000-4000 A cm-2 were obtained. The magnetic flux profile was studied by a magneto-optic method at B = 290 G. Domains of size 200-600 mu m were found with magnetic critical current Jcm = 2 * 104 A cm-2 at 77 K and 105 A cm-2 at 11 K.
Liquid oxygen compatible epoxy resin: modification and characterization

The bisphenol A epoxy resin was modified by the polycondensation between tetrabromobisphenol A and bisphenol A epoxy resin. After curing using 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), the liquid oxygen compatibility of bisphenol A epoxy resin and modified bisphenol A epoxy resin was measured by the mechanical impact test (ASTM D2512-95). The results suggested that the modified bisphenol A epoxy resin curing using 4,4′-diamino diphenylmethane (DDM) was compatible with liquid oxygen. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the modified bisphenol A epoxy resin has lower temperatures of the initial degradation and the maximum mass loss rate compared with unmodified. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement results indicated that the C–C/H groups were oxidized to C–O–C/H and/or CO groups during the impact process. The mechanical properties of all samples were measured at room temperature (RT) and nitrogen temperature (77 K). The flame-retardant modification of epoxy resin may be an effective way to obtain the compatible epoxy resin material with liquid oxygen.
Air Permeability of Waste in a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill

The permeability of compacted municipal solid waste in a landfill with respect to air (or gas) flow was estimated using a short-term air injection test. Air was added to 134 vertical wells installed at three different depths at flow rates in the range of 0.14 –1.4 m3 min−1 and the corresponding steady state pressures were recorded. The permeability of the waste with respect to airflow (described here as the air permeability) was estimated for different anisotropy ratios ( kr ∕ kz =1 , 10, and 100) using a steady state, two-dimensional, axisymmetric analytical fluid flow model in conjunction with the measured flow and pressure data. The air permeability of landfilled municipal solid waste modeled as an isotropic medium was found to range from 1.6× 10−13 to 3.2× 10−11 m2 . The estimated air permeability results were on the low end of values previously applied to model landfill gas flow. Estimated air permeability decreased significantly with increasing waste depth. The lower permeability encountered in the .
Rheological properties of bitumen modified with ethylene butylacrylate glycidylmethacrylate

This paper presents experimental results related to rheological viscoelastic properties of polymer modified bitumens, PmBs. Experiments were performed by a dynamical shear rheometer before and after thermo-oxidative aging. Two types of bitumens with different asphaltene contents were modified by the addition of two types of reactive ethylene terpolymers, Elvaloy AM and Elvaloy 4170, with a different percentage of reactive functional group, glycidylmethacrylate, GMA. Results of the investigation indicate that the degree of reactive polymer modification is a function of bitumen type, bitumen-polymer compatibility, and polymer concentration. Polymer modification improves the following physical properties of the base bitumen: penetration, softening point, temperature susceptibility, and elastic recovery. Reactive polymers are effective binder modifiers that improve the susceptibility to high temperature of asphalt mixes, and also their rutting resistance, contribute to their good storage stability and make them less sensitive to aging. This is a result of the formation of a chemical bond between the polymer and molecules of asphaltenes.
Ultraviolet Absorption and Excitation Spectrum of Ruby and Sapphire

The absorption spectrum of thin samples of ruby with 0.5 to 0.005 wt. % of Cr2O3 has been measured up to 8.9 eV at room temperature with linearly polarized light. The spectrum shows an absorption peak at 7 eV followed by humps around 8 eV with absorption cross section and oscillator strength at the 7‐eV peak ∼7×10−17 cm2 and ∼0.3, respectively. The absorption with E⊥c is generally larger than E| | c in the vacuum‐uv region. The absorption between 6.8 and 8.6 eV is interpreted as a charge‐transfer transition around the chromium ion because of its large oscillator strength and some similarity to the ultraviolet reflectance spectrum of Al2O3 crystal.The excitation spectrum of ruby cubes with several chromium concentrations has been measured to 11 eV at room temperature with linearly polarized light. Structure and polarization effects corresponding to those of the absorption spectrum are observed. The quantum efficiency in the region 7 to 9 eV is comparable to that in the blue absorption band of ruby and is e.
The use of lattice-parameter changes to trace the kinetics of phase transformations powder-diffraction analysis of disorder-order transformations in Ni1+δSn

The measurement of lattice-parameter changes by X-ray powder diffraction as a function of the progress of a phase transformation (e.g. as a function of the annealing time at a given annealing temperature) is a powerful means to study the kinetics of phase transformations in crystalline solids. Generally applicable diffraction methods have been developed and applied in a study of the kinetics of different types of disorder → order-related phase transformations in Ni1 + δSn alloys (δ = 0.50, 0.35). It has been demonstrated, in particular, how the activation energies of occurring processes can be determined from annealing-time-dependent data recorded at different annealing temperatures. Two approaches have been presented and applied:(i) a general approach constrained by identity of the start states and the end states of the transformation for all investigated annealing temperatures(ii) an explicit model-based approach adopting a specific time and temperature dependence of the meas ured lattice parameters.
Discrete transitions in turbulent convection

The convection in a fluid between horizontal conducting surfaces is a very simple example of thermal turbulence, for the mean heat transport is independent of position while the distance between these surfaces is the only geometric parameter. This paper describes measurements of the heat transport and mean velocity in such convection up to Rayleigh numbers of 1010. Six discrete transitions in the slope of the heat-transport curve were observed between Rayleigh numbers of 1700 and 1000000. Although the thermal gradients vary by an order of magnitude from a boundary to the mid-regions of the fluid, these transitions appear to agree with those deduced on an assumption of a constant thermal gradient. Various visual observations of the fluctuating velocity field are also reported. Additional vertical barriers in the fluid markedly influence the horizontal flow but have negligible effect on the heat transport. This apparent lack of uniqueness of the flow patterns associated with a given heat transport suggests a new approach to turbulent phenomena discussed in a following theoretical paper.
Physical and chemical characteristics of particles produced by laser ablation of biogenic calcium carbonate

LA-ICP-MS analysis of the chemical composition of biogenic carbonate has many applications in the environmental sciences but the characteristics of the material produced by the ablation process are largely unknown. To fill this gap, we have undertaken a study of the chemical and physical nature of particles produced by laser ablation of biogenic carbonates. SEM imaging suggests that laser ablation produces two distinct particle populations, one consisting of microsize particles and the other of nanosize particles. A 213 nm laser gives rise to a higher proportion of microsize particles than a 193 nm laser, probably because the 213 nm laser couples less completely with carbonate material. The microsize particles appear to form by photomechanical fracturing along lines of cleavage or weakness, rather than by hydrodynamic sputtering (as is generally observed for silicates). Chemical analysis of the carbonate particles suggests that little chemical fractionation of biogenic carbonates occurs during the ablation process or during transport to the plasma. This is supported by the constancy of the fractionation factor ([X/Ca]measured/[X/Ca]true) during the course of an ablation of a carbonate standard. In contrast, changes in the fractionation factor during the first few seconds of ablation of the NIST 612 are observed for some elements. This difference in fractionation is likely to result from the different formation mechanisms of the microsize particles.