Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of Whistler Waves in Warm Electron Plasmas

Dispersion relation and electromagnetic properties of obliquely propagating whistler waves are investigated on the basis of a warm electron fluid model. The magnetic field of whistler waves is nearly circularly polarized with respect to the wave vector in a plasma where the electron plasma frequency is much larger than the electron cyclotron frequency , and the magnetic field polarization can become elliptical, or even linear, polarization as . In the plasmas with , the resonant frequency is about , which is different from predicted by the cold electron fluid model. Near the resonant frequency, the whistler wave approximates a quasi-magnetostatic mode, not a quasi-electrostatic mode in the cold electron plasmas. Moreover, the detailed mode properties are given in Earth’s magnetosphere, the solar active region, and Jupiter’s polar cap. Furthermore, the study proposes that the ratio of the electrostatic to electromagnetic component of the electric field can be used to distinguish the whistler mode from the Z-mode in the frequency range of in the solar active region and Jupiter’s polar cap.
Development of an incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for electrohydrodynamics of immiscible fluids and rigid particles

An incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for modeling immiscible and isothermal flow of two- and three-phase Newtonian fluids and solid particles subject to an external electric field has been developed. Continuum surface force method is used to calculate the surface tension forces on fluid-fluid interfaces. The materials are assumed to be either perfect or leaky dielectrics. Solid particles are modeled using viscous penalty method coupled with rigidity constraints. The equations are discretized using corrected derivatives and artificial particle displacement is used to ensure homogeneous particle distribution. The projection method is used to advance the governing equations of the flow and electric field in time. The components of the scheme are tested in three stages of two- and three-phase hydrodynamics, multiphase electrohydrodynamics and fluid-structure/solid interaction. The results of each stage is compared to experimental and numerical data available in literature and their validity is established. The combination of the individual elements of the numerical method is used to simulate the motion of rigid particles submerged in Newtonian fluids subject to an external electric field. The behavior of the particles are found to be in agreement with experimental and numerical observations found in the literature. This shows the applicability of the proposed incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics scheme in simulating such complex and relatively unexplored phenomena.
types of psychopathology with increasing prevalence during adolescence

Introduction. Although associations between Blatt’s personality dimensions of self-criticism and dependency and adolescents’ depressive symptoms are well-established, only few studies have examined associations between these variables at the level of daily, within-person fluctuations. Moreover, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this personality vulnerability to depressive symptoms is limited. Therefore, we studied (a) daily fluctuations in both personality and depressive symptoms over a 7-day period and (b) the possible interplay between daily variations in personality vulnerability, need-based experiences (as conceptualized in Self-Determination Theory), and depressive symptoms. This interplay was examined in terms of both a mediational and a moderating role of the need-based experiences. Methods. Participants were 121 Belgian adolescents ( M age = 15.81; SD age = 1.50; 52% male) who completed questionnaires tapping into daily self-criticism, dependency, need-based experiences, and depressive symptoms every evening during seven consecutive days. Results & Conclusions. Multilevel analysis revealed that self-criticism and dependency fluctuated substantially on a daily basis. These daily fluctuations in personality were related to daily fluctuations in depressive symptoms, with daily variation in need-based experiences mediating these associations. We found no evidence for interactions between personality and the need-based experiences. The findings underscore the importance of considering daily fluctuations in individuals’ personality vulnerability and point to the explanatory role of need-based experiences in the relation between personality and depressive symptoms on a daily basis.
Aerosol emissions estimation with POLDER

We apply a Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Smoother (LETKS) in combination with the global aerosol climate model ECHAM-HAM to estimate aerosol emissions from POLDER-3/PARASOL observations for the year 2006. We assimilate Aerosol Optical Depth at 550mnm (AOD 550 ), Ångström Exponent for 550nm and 865nm (AE 550-865 ) and 10 Single Scattering Albedo at 550nm (SSA 550 ) in order to improve modeled aerosol mass, size and absorption simultaneously. The new global aerosol emissions increase to 1419 Tg · yr -1 (+28%) for dust, 1850 Tg · yr -1 (+75%) for sea salt, 215 Tg · yr -1 (+143%) for organic aerosol and 13.3 Tg · yr -1 (+75%) for black carbon, while the sulfur dioxide emissions increase to 198 Tg · yr -1 (+42%) and total deposition of sulfates to 293 Tg · yr -1 (+39%). Organic and black carbon emissions are much higher than their prior values from bottom up inventories with a stronger increase in biomass burning sources (+193% and +90%) 15 than in anthropogenic sources (115% and 70%). The evaluation of the experiments with POLDER (assimilated) and AERONET as well as MODIS Dark Target (independent) observations shows a clear improvement compared to the ECHAM-HAM control run. Specifically based on AERONET the global mean error of AOD 550 improves from -0.094 to
Empirical Analysis of Mutation Operator Selection Strategies for Genetic Improvement

—Genetic improvement (GI) tools ﬁnd improved program versions by modifying the initial program. These can be used for the purpose of automated program repair (APR). GI uses software transformations, called mutation operators , such as deletions, insertions, and replacements of code fragments. Current operator selection strategies, however, under-explore the search spaces of insertion and replacement operators. Therefore, we implement a uniform operator selection strategy based on the relative operator search space sizes. We evaluate it on the QuixBugs repair benchmark and ﬁnd that the uniform strategy has the potential for improving APR tool performance. We also analyse the efﬁcacy of the different mutation operators with regard to the type of code fragment they are applied to. We ﬁnd that, for all operators, choosing expression statements as target statements is the most successful for ﬁnding program variants with improved or preserved ﬁtness (50.03%, 33.12% and 23.85% for deletions, insertions and replacements, respectively), whereas choosing declaration statements is the least effective (3.16%, 10.82% and 3.14% for deletions, insertions and replacements).
Impacts of afternoon and evening sea‐breeze fronts on local turbulence, and on CO2 and radon‐222 transport

We investigated sharp disruptions of local turbulence and scalar transport due to the arrival of sea‐breeze fronts (SBFs). To this end, we employed a comprehensive 10‐year observational database from the Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR, the Netherlands). Sea‐breeze (SB) days were selected using a five‐filter algorithm, which accounts for large‐scale conditions and a clear mesoscale‐frontal signal associated with the land–sea contrast. Among those days (102 in all, 8.3%), based on the value of the sensible‐heat flux at the onset of SB, we identified three atmospheric boundary‐layer (ABL) regimes: convective, transition and stable. In the convective regime, the thermally driven convective boundary layer is only slightly altered by a small enhancement of the shear when the SBF arrives. Regarding the transition regime, we found that the ABL afternoon transition is accelerated. This was quantified by estimating the contributions of shear and buoyancy to the turbulent kinetic energy. Other relevant disruptions are the sharp reduction in ABL depth (∼250 m/hr) and the sudden increase in average wind speed (> 2 m/s). In the stable regime, the arrival of the SB leads to disturbances in the wind profile at the surface layer. We observed a deviation of more than 1 m/s in the observed surface‐layer wind profile compared with the profile calculated using Monin–Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST). Our findings furthermore reveal the determinant role of the SB direction in the transport of water vapour, CO2 and 222Rn. The return of continental air masses driven by the SB circulation generates sharp CO2 increases (up to 14 ppm in half an hour) in a few SB events. We suggest that the variability in 222Rn evolution may also be influenced by other non‐local processes such as the large‐scale footprint from more remote sources.
Asymptotic consistent exponential-type integrators for Klein-Gordon-Schrödinger systems from relativistic to non-relativistic regimes

In this paper we propose asymptotic consistent exponential-type integrators for the Klein-Gordon-Schrodinger system. This novel class of integrators allows us to solve the system from slowly varying relativistic up to challenging highly oscillatory non-relativistic regimes without any step size restriction. In particular, our first- and second-order exponential-type integrators are asymptotically consistent in the sense of asymptotically converging to the corresponding decoupled free Schrodinger limit system.
OBOLEVANJA I UMIRANJA OD KOLOREKTALNOG KARCINOMA KOD MUŠKARACA I ŽENA CENTRALNE SRBIJE ZA PERIOD 1999-2020. GODINE

Uvod/Cilj: Kolorektalni karcinom je treći vodeći maligni tumor po obolevanju u svetu, odmah posle karcinoma dojke i pluća, i drugi vodeći maligni tumor prema broju umrlih, iza raka pluća. Cilj ove deskriptivne studije je bio da se analizira kretanje obolevanja i umiranja od karcinoma kolorektuma kod muškaraca i žena Centralne Srbije u periodu od 1999. do 2020. godine. Metode: Podaci o obolelima i umrlima od kolorektalnog karcinoma (šifre C18 C20, prema Internacionalnoj klasifikaciji bolesti), kao i o broju stanovnika, po polu i uzrastu, za period od 1999. do 2020. godine, preuzeti su iz registara za rak u Centralnoj Srbiji i od Instituta za javno zdravlje Srbije „Dr Milan Jovanović Batut”. Izračunate su sirove, uzrasno-specifične i standardizovane stope incidencije i mortaliteta za rak kolorektuma. U cilju analize kretanja stopa incidencije i mortaliteta korišćena je joinpoint regresiona analiza. Rezultati: U periodu od 1999. do 2020. godine u Centralnoj Srbiji je od kolorektalnog karcinoma prosečno obolevalo 1696 muškaraca i 1112 žena, a umiralo 990 muškaraca i 676 žena. Prosečna standardizovana stopa incidencije (na 100.000) je bila 34,4 za muškarce i 19,5 za žene, a prosečna standardizovana stopa mortaliteta (na 100.000) 18,4 za muškarce i 10,1 za žene. Prosečne uzrasno specifične stope incidencije i mortaliteta od kolorektalnog karcinoma rastu sa godinama starosti kod oba pola. U periodu 1999-2020. godine, standardizovane stope incidencije kolorektalnog karcinoma značajno rastu za 0,7% godišnje za žene i 1% godišnje za muškarce. Kod žena uočava se značajan porast stopa mortaliteta od kolorektalnog karcinoma od 2,6% godišnje u periodu 1999-2006. godine, a potom pad od 1,2% godišnje za period 20062020. Međutim, kod muškaraca se uočava značajan porast u periodu 1999-2010. , a zatim pad od 1,2% godišnje, ali bez statističke značajnosti. Zaključak: Neophodno je raditi na unapređenju sprovođenja organizovanog skrininga za rak kolorektuma, kao i na edukaciji stanovništva o faktorima rizika za nastanak ovog malignoma i mogućnostima prevencije.
Speedy procedure for testing the effectiveness of teat dip articulations as agents for bovine mastitis control

A nylon membrane-based filter technique was developed to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of mastitis control teat dip products. Using this method, we were able to determine that this protocol was both a rapid and effective method for evaluating the efficacy of our iodine- and bronopol-containing teat dips against a variety of mastitis-causing strains of bacteria such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. uberis, E. faecalis, and S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae , as well as the fungal strain C. albicans . The data presented in this report suggests that this method is useful in the initial assessment of newly developed bovine teat dips, as well as other medical formulations.
Differential Temperature Sensitivity of Intracellular and Extracellular Soil Enzyme Activities.

Predictions concerning the feedback of soil heterotrophic respiration to a warming climate often do not 10 differentiate between the extracellular and intracellular processes involved in soil organic matter decomposition. This study examined the temperature sensitivities of intracellular and extracellular soil enzyme activities and how they are influenced by previous temperatures. We pre-incubated soils at 5 °C, 15 °C or 26 °C to acclimatise the microbial communities to different thermal regimes for 60 days before measuring potential activities of β-glucosidase and chitinase (extracellular enzymes), glucose-induced respiration (intracellular enzymes), and basal respiration at a range of assay temperatures (5 °C, 15 15 °C, 26 °C, 37 °C, and 45 °C). A higher pre-incubation temperature decreased soil pH and C/N ratio and decreased β-glucosidase potential activity and respiration, but not chitinase potential activity. It is likely that this legacy effect on β-glucosidase and respiration is an indirect effect of substrate depletion rather than physiological acclimatation or genetic adaptation. Pre-incubation temperature effects on temperature sensitivity were subtle and restricted to extracellular activities, perhaps because of the short (60 day) duration of the pre-incubation at temperatures that were below the initial optimum 20 (~30 °C) for the mesophilic soil community. However, we found that the intracellular and extracellular enzyme activities differ in their temperature sensitivity and this observation differs depending on the range of temperature used for Q10 estimates of temperature sensitivity. Between 5 °C and 15 °C intracellular and extracellular enzyme activities show equal temperature sensitivity, but between 15 °C and 26 °C intracellular enzyme activity was more temperature sensitive than extracellular enzyme activity and between 26 °C
Detection of the changes in red cell membranes of human volunteers exposed to regular use of allethrin and understand the role and status of nitric oxide

Erythrocyte membranes from twelve human volunteers exposed regularly to allethrin, a mosquito repellent of type-I pyrethroid, were analyzed for cholesterol (C), phospholipids (P), and individual phospholipid classes to assess changes induced by this toxicant. A decrease in C and P moieties with no change in C: P ratio was observed with allethrin exposure. A significant reduction in the amount of phosphotidyl serine (PS) was noticed indicating that PS is an allethrin sensitive phospholipid species. Furthermore, decreased red cell membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) and with no change in osmotic haemolysis of erythrocyte was observed. Increased plasma and red cell nitrate and nitrite were evident suggesting that the bioavailability of nitric oxide may have rendered tolerance to erythrocyte membrane by protecting the cell from haemolysis and oxidative damage due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant effects.
Effectiveness of cassava earthy colored streak infection transmission by two whitefly species in seaside Kenya

The efficiency of cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) transmission by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae ) and spiraling whitefly ( Aleurodicus dispersus) Russell (Hom, Aleyrodidae) was determined. The transmission utilized field collected adult whitefly populations fed on (allowed 48 h acquisition access feeding period (AAP)) on CBSD (cassava brown streak virus disease) symptomatic leaves before transfer onto clean recipient plants. In subsequent transmission experiments, adult whitefly numbers of each species were varied per plant to determine the effect of whitefly numbers on the rate of CBSV transmission. CBSV was transmitted by B. tabaci allowed 48 h AAP on CBSD infected cassava leaves at a higher rate of 40.7% compared to that of A. dispersus at 25.9%. This work reports for the first time the transmission of CBSV by A. dispersus . A likely biological property of CBSV reported here for the first time is its ability to be transmitted by two whitefly species belonging to two different genera ( Bemisia and Aleurodicus) . Management of CBSD therefore needs to focus on the control of the two whitefly species to reduce the chances and rates of infection and disease spread.
Epibiont parasites of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in relation to the water quality parameters, West Bengal, India

– The protozoan parasites Zoothamnium sp. , Epistylis sp. , Vorticella sp. , and Acineta sp. , are common in freshwater, brackish water and even in marine water. The cultured and wild prawns are mostly infected. Heavy infestation is found in freshwater cultured prawns like Macrobrachium rosenbergii but month wise studies in West Bengal and India is limited. Zoothamnium sp. was found high in year around with greater prevalence and mean intensity in post monsoon and summer months. Though Vorticella sp. and Epistylis sp. were lower than Zoothamnium sp. but same trends were observed as it. Acineta sp. was almost same in year around with peak in November. The parasites found mostly segregated in different months but higher from post monsoon to summer months. The study will help the farmers to take possible preventive measures against the Epibiosis of freshwater prawns prior to its maximum intensity.
Giving High-Tech Tendencies to Use Security in Cloud Infrastructure Networks

In the recent years, a term keeps coming in the sphere of IT. This new concept called cloud computing is probably the most noteworthy evolution since the arrival of the web. Many business leaders have decided to invest in this architecture in order to gain in terms of saving on material and human resources. Cloud computing can outsource the IT hub of a company, therefore it can focus on its own business. Cloud computing is not only full of benefits. Indeed, it is still subject to several threats related to security which is now must be implemented at a large scale so the transition to the cloud should be attended by some adaptations to export all the known security arsenal. Besides, billing within cloud services does not obey until now to precise and deterministic rules and many companies are crying foul when they are charged with an extortionate price. Cloud computing has certainly turned upside down the practices of business and IT professionals need to review their careers. However, some still do not dare to step into this architecture and they claim that more research effort must be done in order to fill the gaps in the cloud. This paper targets to afford a best description of cloud computing features and explore guidelines for research and high-tech tendencies in order to use and implement cloud infrastructure networks. The chief concepts of cloud computer billing and security threats will be also exposed.
Identifying climate model structural inconsistencies allows for tight constraint of aerosol radiative forcing

Abstract. Aerosol radiative forcing uncertainty affects estimates of climate sensitivity and limits model skill in terms of making climate projections. Efforts to improve the representations of physical processes in climate models, including extensive comparisons with observations, have not significantly constrained the range of possible aerosol forcing values. A far stronger constraint, in particular for the lower (most-negative) bound, can be achieved using global mean energy balance arguments based on observed changes in historical temperature. Here, we show that structural deficiencies in a climate model, revealed as inconsistencies among observationally constrained cloud properties in the model, limit the effectiveness of observational constraint of the uncertain physical processes. We sample the uncertainty in 37 model parameters related to aerosols, clouds, and radiation in a perturbed parameter ensemble of the UK Earth System Model and evaluate 1 million model variants (different parameter settings from Gaussian process emulators) against satellite-derived observations over several cloudy regions. Our analysis of a very large set of model variants exposes model internal inconsistencies that would not be apparent in a small set of model simulations, of an order that may be evaluated during model-tuning efforts. Incorporating observations associated with these inconsistencies weakens any forcing constraint because they require a wider range of parameter values to accommodate conflicting information. We show that, by neglecting variables associated with these inconsistencies, it is possible to reduce the parametric uncertainty in global mean aerosol forcing by more than 50 %, constraining it to a range (around −1.3 to −0.1 W m−2) in close agreement with energy balance constraints. Our estimated aerosol forcing range is the maximum feasible constraint using our structurally imperfect model and the chosen observations. Structural model developments targeted at the identified inconsistencies would enable a larger set of observations to be used for constraint, which would then very likely narrow the uncertainty further and possibly alter the central estimate. Such an approach provides a rigorous pathway to improved model realism and reduced uncertainty that has so far not been achieved through the normal model development approach.