Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of Automatic Rain Gauge Prototype (ARG) As An Early Warning Indicator for Cold Lava Flood Based on The Internet of Things (IoT)

This study aims to design a prototype of automatic rain gauge, characterize the automatic rain gauge, rainfall classification as an indicator of cold lava flood, tested the automatic rain gauge prototype. The design of this tool includes three parts, the first is the reed switch block design. Second, designing an automatic rain gauge block by designing a tipping bucket. The third is designing IoT block and Android applications. The automatic rain gauge prototype was successfully designed with a 0.8 cm reed switch and a tipping bucket with a funnel area of 380 cm2 with a resolution of 0.1 mm and a maximum capacity of 9.4 mm/minute. The classification of rainfall as an indicator of cold lava flood is normal 0-15 mm, advisory 16-20 mm, watch 21-48 mm and warning > 48 mm, so that the early warning system prototype can display rainfall charts and warning alarms on the android application.
Stability of Arabica coffee genotype (Coffea arabica L.) against leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

Coffee is now experiencing a serious threat from fungus Hemileia vastatrix which caused epidemic of rust disease in America, Africa, and Asia. As solution, the use of resistant cultivars is the best way. However, interaction between genotype and environment can change the rank of genotypes that shows instability of these genotypes against leaf rust. Purpose of this research was to study stability of genotypes of Arabica coffee against coffee leaf rust. A field experiment was arranged as factorial randomized complete block design with 2 factors (genotypes and climate zones) with three replication. The observed parameters were branch rust incidence, leaf rust incidence, and leaf rust severity. This research result showed significant genotype x environment interaction in all variables. Length of dry season is the most important factor affecting coffee leaf rust because it had the highest correlation coefficient with leaf rust severity (r = 0.662**). Less length of dry season should be the first criteria for selection of coffee farms. The most desired genotype was G7 which performed low leaf rust severity (7.71%) and had a stable resistance indicated by the same leaf rust severity in all environments and 6 SMg. Due to the significant interaction between genotypes and the environment, the genotype to be planted in a region must be tested in that region first.
Mathematical Models for Predicting Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review

The catastrophic outbreak of the Novel Corona virus (Covid-19) has brought to light, the significance of reliable predictive mathematical models. The results from such models greatly affect the use of non-pharmaceutical intervention measures, management of medical resources and understanding risk factors. This paper compares popular mathematical models based on their predictive capabilities, practical validity, presumptions and drawbacks. The paper focuses on popular techniques in use for the predictive modeling of the Covid-19 epidemic. The paper covers the Gaussian Model, SIRD, SEIRD and the latest θ-SEIHRD techniques used for predictive modeling of epidemics.
Consequences of new approach in production system of commercial layer (Isa Brown) in Iraqi Kurdistan region

This was study under taken as a first attempt to investigate the effect of new production system of commercial layer with special emphasis on organic technique. A total 360 one-day-old Isa Brown chicks were obtained from Evan hatchery-Erbil. The birds assigned into 18 indoor pens (2×2 m) for the first 18 weeks . Each pen represented a replicate with 20 chicks. At beginning, birds assigned to the same condition and fed their daily requirements according to Isa Brown guide (2018). The fed as commercial and organic feed. Birds were randomly divided into six treatment groups of three replicates. the treatments were as follows; first treatment (T1): as control birds fed their full requirements according to Isa Brown layers guid (2018), fed commercial feed, reared indoor house, second treatment (T2): birds fed organic feed full requirements according to Isa Brown layers (2018) reared indoor house, third treatment (T3): birds fed 75% of full requirements commercial feed + pasture indoor and outdoor, fourth treatment (T4): birds fed 75% full requirement organic feed + pasture indoor and outdoor, fifth treatment (T5): birds fed full requirements according to Isa Brown layers guide (2018) commercial feed + pasture indoor and outdoor housed, sixth treatment (T6): birds fed full requirements according to Isa Brown layers guide (2018) organic feed + pasture indoor and outdoor housed. At the beginning of week 19, birds had free access to pasture through a hole from indoor to the outdoor except control (T1) and (T2). The outdoor area measured 2 × 10 m (1 m2/bird) for each pen and separated by fence. The outdoor area designed to provide bird a natural behavior and covered with alfalfa(Medicagosativa). The results of this study indicates that commercial strain had higher (P<0.01) haugh unit (73.08),the highest Haugh unit was recorded in T1 72.89. Birds in T2 of commercial strain had higher (P< 0.01) total UFA content 71.42, total n-3 in T4 was 1.80. n-6 was higher in T2 21.48 comparing to the other treatments. Significant differences (p≤ 0.01) for amino acids in commercial eggs found among treatments and T6 content higher percentage of all amino acids. The overall means of profit from only eggs was 197,403 ID and for eggs with hen was 282,208 ID. Significant differences found among treatments for sensory evaluation of commercial eggs. T6 had higher (P<0.01) score of overall acceptances for both commercial eggs.
All options, not silver bullets, needed to limit global warming to 1.5 °C: a scenario appraisal

Climate science provides strong evidence of the necessity of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, in line with the Paris Climate Agreement. The IPCC 1.5 °C special report (SR1.5) presents 414 emissions scenarios modelled for the report, of which around 50 are classified as ‘1.5 °C scenarios’, with no or low temperature overshoot. These emission scenarios differ in their reliance on individual mitigation levers, including reduction of global energy demand, decarbonisation of energy production, development of land-management systems, and the pace and scale of deploying carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. The reliance of 1.5 °C scenarios on these levers needs to be critically assessed in light of the potentials of the relevant technologies and roll-out plans. We use a set of five parameters to bundle and characterise the mitigation levers employed in the SR1.5 1.5 °C scenarios. For each of these levers, we draw on the literature to define ‘medium’ and ‘high’ upper bounds that delineate between their ‘reasonable’, ‘challenging’ and ‘speculative’ use by mid century. We do not find any 1.5 °C scenarios that stay within all medium upper bounds on the five mitigation levers. Scenarios most frequently ‘over use’ CDR with geological storage as a mitigation lever, whilst reductions of energy demand and carbon intensity of energy production are ‘over used’ less frequently. If we allow mitigation levers to be employed up to our high upper bounds, we are left with 22 of the SR1.5 1.5 °C scenarios with no or low overshoot. The scenarios that fulfil these criteria are characterised by greater coverage of the available mitigation levers than those scenarios that exceed at least one of the high upper bounds. When excluding the two scenarios that exceed the SR1.5 carbon budget for limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, this subset of 1.5 °C scenarios shows a range of 15–22 Gt CO2 (16–22 Gt CO2 interquartile range) for emissions in 2030. For the year of reaching net zero CO2 emissions the range is 2039–2061 (2049–2057 interquartile range).
The In Situ Exploration of a Relict Ocean World: An Assessment of Potential Landing and Sampling Sites for a Future Mission to the Surface of Ceres

The Dawn orbiter’s exploration of Ceres, the most water-rich body in the inner solar system after Earth, revealed the dwarf planet to be a relict ocean world of great interest to the astrobiology and ocean worlds communities. Evidence for an early global subsurface ocean is preserved in Ceres’ surface minerals. While most of the subsurface ocean froze billions of years ago, its liquid (preserved in a deep brine reservoir) and solid remnants are responsible for spectacular surface features such as the faculae in the Occator crater, Ahuna Mons, and Haulani crater. Therefore, the next step in Ceres exploration is an in situ mission to the surface, with these three features being among the most scientifically compelling targets. Here we demonstrate the process of identifying potential landing/sampling sites. Using the highest resolution data obtained by Dawn (up to ∼5 m/pixel in Occator and up to ∼35 m/pixel elsewhere), we identify safe and scientifically compelling potential landing/sampling sites in these three regions. For future landing/sample return, higher spatial resolution data (a few decimeters per pixel to ∼1 m/pixel) than are currently available are needed to identify hazards on the scale of a ∼1–5 m lander. Such data could be obtained in an orbital reconnaissance phase prior to landing/sampling. Orbital reconnaissance, in combination with terrain relative navigation/hazard avoidance, and the ability to land within a ≦100 m diameter circle (>800,000 of which fit within Occator), makes it highly likely that safe and scientifically compelling landing/sampling sites could be reached by a future in situ mission.
The best input feature when using convolutional neural network for cough recognition

In recent years, the use of convolutional neural networks has been successful in the task of cough recognition. This method mainly converts audio clips into the form of spectrograms, and then uses convolutional neural networks for classification, which prompts us to seek better input representation For more effective training to achieve better performance, in this article, we use STFT, Mel spectrogram, Log-Mel spectrogram and MFCC four different features as the input of the convolutional neural network, in the case of the same parameters Compare their performance below, where the Mel spectrum is used as input to achieve 92.5% classification accuracy. Secondly, we compared the classification performance of different Mel spectra generated by different window sizes and frame shifts under the same convolutional neural network. For a 320ms cough segment, the window size is 64, and the frame shift is 32, which has the best performance
The Physics of Polymers, Concepts for Understanding Their Structures and Behavior

neue Instrumente der Vorhersagbarkeit geliefert: Lyapunov-Exponenten, dynamische Entropien usw. Im vorliegenden Band der Springer-Serie Synergetik wird der Versuch unternommen, einen reprásentativen Überblick Uber die Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet zu geben. Die beiden Herausgeber, die selbst wichtige Arbeiten zum Thema beigetragen haben, vertreten zwei der wichtigsten Schulen auf dem Gebiet. Der Band enthalt 12 Beitrage, davon 2 von US-Autoren, 4 von russischen, 3 von deutschen Autoren sowie je einen aus England, Australien und China. Die sachbezogene Gliederung enthalt 6 Kapitel : Das erste Kapitel aus der Feder der Herausgeber skizziert ganz ohne Formeln die Problemstellung und die wichtigsten Ansatze. Den groBten Umfang (ca. 80 Seiten) hat das zweite Kapitel, in dem die wichtigsten Methoden der Suche deterministischer Regein in Zeitserien dargestellt werden. Es folgen die Behandlung dynamischer Modelle und Algorithmen (Teil 3), die Vorhersage biologischer Système (Teil 4), die Analyse und Vorhersage von Finanzdaten (Teil 5) sowie abschlieBend einige globale Problème (Teil 6). Eine besondere Herausforderung stellt das letzte Kapitel dar, in dem der Autor Mayer-Kress Fragen der Zukunft unserer Welt, globale Informationsflüsse, globale Sicherheit, Steuermöglichkeiten und andere wichtige Problème analysiert. Der vorliegende Band ist sehr informatív und anregend, aber bis auf die RahmenKapitel sehr technisch gehalten, so daB es eher den Spezialisten, als ein allgemein wissenschaftlich interessiertes Publikum ansprechen wird.
The 11 year solar cycle UV irradiance effect and its dependency on the Pacific Decadal Oscillation

The stratospheric, tropospheric and surface impacts from the 11 year ultraviolet solar spectral irradiance (SSI) variability have been extensively studied using climate models and observations. Here, we demonstrate using idealized model simulations that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), which has been shown to impact the tropospheric and stratospheric circulation from sub-decadal to multi-decadal timescales, strongly modulates the solar-induced atmospheric response. To this end, we use a high-top version of the coupled ocean–atmosphere Norwegian Climate Prediction Model forced by the SSI dataset recommended for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6. We perform a 24-member ensemble experiment over the solar cycle 23 in an idealized framework. To assess the PDO modulation of the solar signal, we divide the model data into the two PDO phases, PDO+ and PDO−, for each solar (maximum or minimum) phase. By compositing and combining the four categories, we hence determine the component of the solar signal that is independent of the PDO and the modulation of the solar signal by the PDO, along with the solar signal in each PDO phase. Reciprocally, we determine the PDO effect in each solar phase. Our results show that the intensification of the polar vortex under solar maximum is much stronger in the PDO− phase. This signal is transferred into the troposphere, where we find a correspondingly stronger polar jet and weaker Aleutian Low. We further show that the amplification of the solar signal by the PDO− phase is driven by anomalous meridional advection of solar-induced temperature anomalies over northern North America and the North Pacific, which contributes to a decreased meridional eddy heat flux and hence to a decreased vertical planetary wave flux into the stratosphere.
Biomimicry in agrotechnology: Future solution of water problem for the agriculture industry?

Agriculture main issues are the reduction in water availability and the loss in water quality. If the population is increasing, the demand for food will increase, but the amount of water available to produce food does not increase. It would be a huge problem for the future. This study explores the alternative method in biomimicry to provide sufficient water supply for agriculture by reviewing challenges in agriculture and identifying biomimicry approach on previous research. The designers can use these technologies to solve water problems in agriculture, for example, Watercone and Warka Water. Both of these designs are inexpensive and can extracts gallons of fresh water from the air and designed to be environmental friendly by not causing any pollution or harm to the ground they are built on. By studying nature people learn to respect it and understand the importance of conservation, in other words, the more people, especially for designer, are aware of the potential of biomimicry. Biomimicry expected to be a promising approach, effective in improving well-being and its environmental efficiency at both agriculture and technology. Based on this study at the agriculture in particular, it is possible to see biomimicry as a driver to change urban environment.
Analysis of Walkability Index and Handling of Pedestrian Facilities of Slamet Riyadi Street, Surakarta

Slamet Riyadi Street is the main street in Surakarta. It is located in the city center, which connects the activity center or CBD. The rapid development of activities needs to be balanced with adequate facilities and infrastructure related to the existing pedestrian paths’ maintenance and rehabilitation. This research uses the walkability index method to compares the walking comfort index assessment based on the Global Walkability Index variables and SE PUPR 02/SE/M/2018 variables. The findings showed a very significant difference between the two. GWI got a score of 56.2, while SE PUPR got a score of 49.4. Demonstrating the effectiveness of GWI assessment when used to assess the pedestrian paths in Indonesia was poor. Then, determining several recommendations for handling facilities with pedestrian perceptions based on SE PUPR variables uses the Likert scale method. The result of the analysis included the facilities related to conflicts on the pedestrian paths and the behavior of the motor vehicle drivers at the crossing locations on the south and north sides of the pedestrian paths, as well as other facilities on the north side concerning the security from crime, complete facilities, disability infrastructure, maintenance and cleanliness, and pedestrian obstacles.
Determinants of Technical Efficiency Among Coconut Smallholder Production in Johor, Malaysia: A Cobb Douglas Stochastic Frontier Production Approach

This study highlights technical efficiency of crop production as an important aspect of pursuing output growth in agriculture and smallholders’ farming. Using a randomly selected sample of 152 smallholder coconut in Johor, Malaysia, a stochastic frontier production model was applied, using Cobb–Douglas production function to determine the production elasticity coefficients of inputs, technical efficiency and the determinants of efficiency. The study reveals that coconut production responds positively to increases in fertilizers, fungicides and the area planted. The study also found that transportation, education and experience were the significant determinants of technical efficiency. The technical efficiency analysis suggests that about 60% of smallholders in the sample are below 70% efficient and suggesting that opportunities still exist for increasing technical efficiency among smallholders through better use of existing resources and technology. The results highlight some recommendations in improving efficiency by promoting access to productive resources, education and more reliable transportation systems.
Impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae enriched with Selenium or Zinc on reproductive performance, estrogen and progesterone hormone in local Iraqi female goats

This experiment was accompanied to examine the impact of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplemented with Selenium (se) or Zinc (zn) on the reproductive performance, estrogen and progesterone hormone in local Iraqi female goats. 17 mature does two - two and half years of old were used. The average of body weight (bw) was 37.5 ± 3kg. Animals were randomly divided in to three groups, Five animals were in the first group, six goats were in the second and third groups. All goat does were nursed on the same ration. The group1 was considered as a control group without processing (G1), the group 2 (G2) was administered with (Saccharomyces cerevisiae-selenium) with dose (0.03 g/kg/bw), the third group 3 (G3) were administered with (Saccharomyces cerevisiae -zinc with dose (0.2 g/kg/bw). (given orally for 45 days). The results showed that second and third groups were significantly increase (P≤0.05) in fertility and fertilization rate as compared with G1. G3 was significantly increase (P≤0.05) in the Prolificacy rate as compared with G1 and G2. G2 and G3 were significantly increase (P≤0.05) in the pregnancy rate as compared with G1. while G3 was significantly increase (P≤0.05) in the kidding rate as compared with G1 and G2. Estrogen hormone concentration level of the G2 showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) as compared with G1 and G3. While the progesterone hormone concentration level of the G3 showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) as compared with G1 and G2. From the results we concluded that organic form (yeast supplemented with selenium/zinc) could be credited to enhance the reproductive performance, overall health of kids after birth, progesterone levels and animal health.
Effect of New Feed Additive on Growth Performance and Immunoglobulin of Broilers

Recently postbiotics and inulin combinations used as a new feed additives. Within current study, we examined the effect of new feed additives on growth performance and immunoglobulin of broiler. 216 one day-old male chicks were distributed into six treatments, six replicates/six birds in cage system, negative control (NC) without additive, positive control (PC) basal diet + antibiotic, Basal diet + 0.15% postbiotic + 1.0% inulin (T1), Basal diet + 0.3% postbiotic + 1.0% inulin (T2), Basal diet + 0.45% postbiotic + 1.0% inulin (T3), Basal diet + 0.6% postbiotic + 1.0% inulin (T4) and nourished for six weeks. Results demonstrated that birds that fed T3 and T1 had greater (p<0.05) body weight in the starter and finisher phase than negative control birds. The outcomes from the current study exhibited that the immune response increased especially at the starter phase for both types of immunoglobulin. We conclude that combinations of postbiotic and inulin are potential substitutes for antibiotic in poultry industry as growth promoters.
An outlier analysis on the trend of Indonesian propensity to save

Economic cycle is in the interest of researchers as well as governments. Kaldor model of economic cycle is among the existing models. This model is a system consists of two difference equations for discrete model, and two differential equations for continuous model. Two functions of time playing role to the model are capital and production. Saving and investment as functions of capital and production also appear in the model. Often, saving is assumed as a linear function where it is a multiplication of production and a parameter the so-called propensity to save. Hence, it is assumed to be constant. In this paper, Indonesian propensity to save was analyzed. The production is the gross domestic product (GDP). The data of GDP and saving were collected from World Bank. Outlier detection was applied to anlyze the data. Neglecting the outlier, the propensity to save was obtained in the form of logarithmic function. The finding is inline with an economic assumption, and it will be important for studying the Indonesian economy.
The role of authentic leadership, self-efficacy, job satisfaction and employee silence to organizational commitment among millennials

Work productivity is the fuel for the movement of the locomotive of the organization, while employee job satisfaction will support this productivity. The commitment of workers’ organizations is considered as one of the most important elements in the world of work. Commitment and work culture have also been proven to influence work performance. Then, authentic leadership is one of the theories of leadership that has been studied quite a lot lately. The phenomenon of silence is a very common experience that employees do not need to discuss important or related issues to leaders. This research aims to examine the role of authentic leadership, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and employee silence on organizational commitment among millennials. This research uses a quantitative approach. Non-probability sampling technique is used during data collection. It can be seen that the influence of authentic leadership, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and employee silence on organizational commitment is 24.4. The other factors influence the remaining 75.6. The results of the research show that the regression model is accepted.