Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product to sows and their offspring on growth and meat quality

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of long term dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) in the diets for sows and offspring on growth performance, intestinal morphology, volatile fatty acid production, and carcass characteristics of offspring. Newly weaned pigs (n = 256) were allotted to 4 treatments based on a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Each treatment had 8 pens with 8 pigs per pen. First factor was maternal dietary effects (no SCFP, or SCFP at 12.0 and 15.0 g/d through gestation and lactation, respectively) and the second factor was dietary supplementation of SCFP to offspring (no SCFP, or SCFP at 0.2 and 0.1% for nursery and finisher, respectively). Pigs were on a 6-phase feeding program with assigned diets from nursery to slaughter. Body weights (BW) and feeder weights were measured at the end of each phase. On d 5 after weaning, 1 pig per pen was euthanized to evaluate intestinal morphology and volatile fatty acid production. At 115 kg of BW, 1 pig from each pen was slaughtered to measure carcass characteristics. Feeding diets with SCFP to sows or to their offspring had no effect on BW, overall average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain-to-feed (G:F) ratio during the nursery or finisher period. Feeding SCFP to sows tended to increase (P = 0.098) cecal butyric acid production in their offspring. Pigs with SCFP tended to have a greater (P = 0.084) concentration of acetic acid but a reduced (P = 0.054) propionic acid in colon digesta than pigs without SCFP regardless of maternal feeding regimen. Loin marbling scores were greater (P = 0.043) in pigs with SCFP than those without SCFP regardless of maternal feeding regimen. Overall, supplementation of SCFP in sow diets did not affect growth performance or intestinal morphology of their offspring. Supplementation of SCFP in diets of offspring from nursery to slaughter had little effect on growth performance. However, inclusion of SCFP from nursery to slaughter improved marbling score possibly by increased acetic acid and butyric acid production in the large intestine.
Determination of blood serum calcium, inorganic phoshorus and magnesium in different productive stages of holstein dairy cows

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine and compare levels of blood serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium in the peripartal period and during mid lactation in Holstein dairy cattle. Materials and Methods. Blood samples were collected from 12 cows in late pregnancy, 12 early lactation cows, and 12 mid lactation cows. Results and Conclusions. Serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus in blood of dairy cows in early and mid lactation were significantly lower compared to the values in the blood serum of dairy cows in late pregnancy, probably indicating the increased use of these macro elements by the mammary gland at the early stages of lactation. When the cows were in the lactation period, blood serum magnesium levels were significantly lower compared to the values of dairy cows during late pregnancy, probably indicating the increased use of magnesium by the dairy cows during lactation. The results show that the homeostasis of the macro elements examined in the blood of transition and mid lactation dairy cows was maintained, suggesting their adequate supply from alimentary sources.
An investigation into the temperature phase transitions of synthesized lithium titanate materials doped with Al, Co, Ni and Mg by in situ powder X-ray diffraction

Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and its doped analogues Li4Ti4.95M0. 05O12 (M = Al3+, Co3+, Ni2+, and Mg2+) were synthesized and characterized using in situ PXRD to monitor the phase transitions during the sol–gel synthesis of the spinel material. These results are complimented by thermogravimetric analysis, which illustrates the decomposition of the materials synthesized, where the final LTO products are seen to form at approximately 550 °C. The material has an amorphous structure from room temperature, coupled with a crystalline phase which is speculated to be H2Ti2O5·H2O. This crystalline phase disappears at 250 °C, with the material still in the amorphous state. The crystalline LTO phase starts at approximately 550 °C, with anatase co-crystallizing with the spinel phase. Rutile appears at 600 °C and co-crystallizes with the final product at 850 °C, where anatase is no longer seen. The rutile impurity remains present after cooling the material to room temperature, and results indicate that prolonged heating at 850 °C is required to reduce the rutile content. Rietveld refinement of diffraction patterns show that the unit-cell parameter increases with increasing temperature, coupled with a decrease when cooling the sample. The crystallite sizes follow the same trend, with a significant increase above temperatures of 750 °C.
Apocalypse Now or Overreaction to Coronavirus: The Global Cruise Tourism Industry Crisis

The current COVID-19 cruise tourism crisis has evolved to epic proportions and placed some of the cruise lines on the verge of bankruptcy. This research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the crisis. Using an inductive qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with eight frequent cruisers who were at home and eight cruise ship employees who were employed by various cruise companies and who were working on cruise ships during the COVID-19 cruise tourism crisis. The findings revealed a systematic failure within the cruise industry management to understand the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of this study highlight the importance of health-related perceived risks on the nature and impact of the COVID-19 cruise tourism crisis. This study supports the overall theory of cruise tourism and crisis management by extending the chaos theory and its principals on the COVID-19 cruise tourism crisis. The managerial implications for cruise lines are outlined.
Investigating The Cause Of High Attrition Rates In Women Employees Of Private Organisation

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors and causes of high attrition rates in women employees working in private organisations. The emphasis of this research is placed on factors and its impact on the decision of women for attrition. The research is quantitative in nature and data that is collected for this research using primary information which has been gathered through using survey questionnaire. The analysis of data is conducted using Smart-PLS. The results of this particular study conclude that uncongenial organisational culture, insufficient compensation, job satisfaction and social organisational practice have a significant impact on attrition of women working in private organisations. The implications of this research include that the atmosphere in most of the organisations are tough and overwhelming for women who have to manage their work as well as their responsibilities towards families and children.
Monoclinic α‐NaVOPO4 as cathode materials for sodium‐ions batteries: Experimental and DFT investigation

Sodium vanadyl orthophosphate NaVOPO4 is an attractive High‐Potential cathode material for Na‐ions batteries with three polymorphs (α, β, and α1). In this work, pure phase of monoclinic α‐NaVOPO4 was synthesized by sol‐gel method and the origin of its poor electrochemical activity was investigated. Sample characterization using X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, magnetic measurement and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy confirm the formation of a single phase of monoclinic NaVOPO4 without any impurities. Electrochemical properties were also characterized using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge‐discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that α‐NaVOPO4 exhibit a good ionic conductivity but the charge transfer resistance is large. Optical analysis and DFT calculations both showed that the α‐NaVOPO4 is a semi‐conductor with a band‐gap energy of 2.24 eV which explain the origin of the high charge transfer resistance measured using EIS technique. From all these experimental and theoretical results, the poor electrochemical activity of α‐NaVOPO4 can be associated to its low intrinsic electronic conductivity. Electronic and ionic properties of the NaVOPO4 polymorphs are not yet fully characterized. Here, the monoclinic NaVOPO4 was investigated and the material exhibits a high voltage, a good ionic conductivity and good stability, but it exhibits a poor performance. The EIS, optical, and DFT result explain the origin of such behavior. A detailed magnetic study was also reported in this paper.
Quarantining behaviour of ants towards infected aphids as an antifungal mechanism in ant–aphid interactions

The ecological success of social insects, including ants, is tightly connected with their ability to protect themselves and their food resources. In exchange for energy‐rich honeydew, ants protect myrmecophilous aphids from various natural enemies. Fungal infection can have disastrous consequences for both mutualist partners, wherein aphids can be disease vectors. Behavioural responses towards fungus‐infected aphids of ant species in nature have scarcely been studied. Here, we studied the behaviour of honeydew foragers of four ant species – Formica polyctena Foerster, Formica rufa L. , Formica pratensis Retzius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicini), and Lasius niger (L.) (Formicidae, Lasiini) – towards Symydobius oblongus (von Heyden) aphids contaminated with the generalist fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo‐Crivelli) Vuillemin in the field. Aphid milkers from Formica spp. quickly detected and removed infected aphids from the host plant (Betula pendula Roth., Betulaceae). Neither ant species, the degree of aphid‐milker specialization (medium or high), nor the number of honeydew foragers had significant effects on the behaviour of Formica milkers towards infected aphids. Unlike Formica ants, L. niger usually displayed non‐aggressive behaviour (tolerance, antennation, honeydew collection, grooming). By the immediate removal of infected insects, Formica ants seem to minimize the probability of infection of symbionts as well as themselves. Quarantining behaviour may play an important role in ant–aphid interactions as a preventive antifungal mechanism formed under parasite pressure and thus contributing to the ecological success of ants.
Palynological studies on some species of Anabasis L. (Amaranthaceae) from Iran

The paper presents pollen micromorphology by scanning electron microscopy of seven Anabasis L. species namely, A. haussknechtii Bge. , A. aphylla L. , A. calcarea (Charif & Allen) Bokhari & Wendelbo, A. eugeniae Iljin, A. eriopoda (Shrernk) Volkens, A. annua Bge. and A. setifera Moq. from Iran. Pollen grains in all studied species are peripolyporate, spherical and are of two basic types based on pores diameter inner of holes. The study showed that the sculpturing of exine provides valuable characters in species delimitation, sometimes even for closely related ones. An artificial key based on pollen characters for seven species is provided. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 23 (2): 247-253, 2016 (December)
Subsidizing Car Ownership for Low-Income Individuals and Households

This article presents the findings from interviews with thirty individuals, living in Maryland and Virginia, who received subsidized cars from a nonprofit organization to examine how their lives changed when they received a subsidized car. Having a car eased their daily travel, and enabled access to higher paying jobs, moving to neighborhoods with more opportunities, and access to education and enrichment activities for recipients and their children. I also situate the subsidized cars within interviewees’ mobility history. Most had owned cars before, and subsidized car ownership programs offer low-income consumers a safe alternative to a risky and expensive market for used cars.
Checking
 ID
 ‐cards for the sale of restricted goods: Age decisions bias face decisions

Matching unfamiliar faces is highly error-prone, and most studies highlight the implications for real-world ID-checking. Here we study a particular instance of ID-checking: proof of age for buying restricted goods such as alcohol. In this case, checkers must establish that an identity document is carried by its legitimate owner (i.e., that the ID photo matches the face of the bearer) and that the ID proves the bearer to be old enough to make the purchase. Across three experiments, using two common forms of photo-ID (i.e., driving licenses, PASS+ cards) we show that observers produce very high error rates when age requirements are met, but faces mismatch. This bias away from detecting a face mismatch remained evident in experienced cashiers—though to a somewhat attenuated level. We discuss interactions between face matching and other tasks, and the practical consequences of a bias which favours those using photo-ID with fraudulent intent.
Niche differentiation mechanisms among canopy frugivores and zoochoric trees in the northeastern extreme of the Amazon

Frugivores and zoocoric trees represent an important proportion of tropical rainforest biodiversity. As niche differences favor species coexistence, we aimed to evaluate morphological and temporal niche segregation mechanisms among zoochoric trees and canopy frugivores in a tropical rainforest in the northeastern extreme of the Brazilian Amazon. We tested the effects of fruit morphology, tree size, frugivore body size and time of day on fruit consumption. We recorded the frugivore species that fed on 72 trees (44 species, 22 genera) and whether these frugivores swallowed the seeds. We monitored trees only once from 07:00 to 17:00 h between January and September 2017. We observed fruit consumption in 20 of the 72 trees. Seventy-three frugivore individuals from 22 species visited the trees. Heavier fruits were consumed by larger frugivores, while seed size was inversely correlated with frugivore size. Narrower fruits and fruits with smaller seeds had greater probability of having their seeds ingested, and larger frugivores were more prone to ingest seeds. Trees bearing fruits with smaller seeds were visited by a greater number of frugivores. Taxonomic groups differed in the time of arrival at fruiting trees. None of the evaluated variables (fruit weight and size, and seed size) affected the richness of frugivores that visited the trees. We concluded that, in the studied forest, fruit morphology (weight, size and seed size) is a niche segregation mechanism among zoochoric trees, while body size and time of day are niche segregation mechanisms among frugivores.
Effects of Greenshell Mussel (Perna canaliculus) Intake on Pathological Markers of Multiple Phenotypes of Osteoarthritis in Rats

The prevalence of metabolic osteoarthritis has been increasing worldwide, particularly among women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the New Zealand greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus; GSM) on osteoarthritis (OA) prevention in a rat model. One-hundred-and-eight female rats aged 12 weeks were divided into four test groups, containing 24 rats each, plus an additional control group. Each test group received one of the four experimental diets: normal control diet (ND), normal control diet supplemented with GSM (ND + GSM), high fat/high sugar diet (HFHS), or high fat/high sugar diet supplemented GSM (HFHS + GSM), for 36 weeks (end of the study). After 8 weeks on experimental diets, half of each group was subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and the remaining half received a sham operation (ovaries left intact). The study evaluated body composition, bone mass, plasma cytokines, adipokines, HbA1c, CTX-II, and knee joint’s histopathology. HFHS diet and OVX significantly induced body weight gain and leptin production. OVX rats lost bone mineral density but increased adiponectin, HbA1C, and MCP-1. The OVX rats fed HFHS showed the highest Mankin scores. Importantly, inclusion of GSM reduced these pathological features. In conclusion, GSM might be beneficial in halting the progression of OA.
The interior of Comet 67P/C–G; revisiting CONSERT results with the exact position of the Philae lander

CONSERT, a bistatic radar onboard the Rosetta spacecraft and its Philae lander, was designed to probe the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko with radio waves at 90 MHz frequency. In 2016 September, the exact position of Philae was retrieved, within the region previously identified by CONSERT. This allowed us to revisit the measurements and improve our analysis of the properties of the interior, the results of which we present here. The relative permittivity of the materials is found to range from about 1.7 to 1.95 in the shallow subsurface (<25 m) and about 1.2 to 1.32 in the interior. These differences indicate different average densities between the shallow subsurface and the interior of comet. They can be explained by various physical phenomena such as different porosities, the possible compaction of surface materials, or even perhaps different proportions of the same materials. This strongly suggests that the less dense interior has kept its pristine nature.
Tunnelling, Fraudulent Financial Statements and Regulation Effects: Chinese Evidence

ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of regulatory intervention on tunneling through inter-corporate loans in Chinese fraudulent firms. We find fraudulent firms have significantly higher tunneling through inter-corporate loans than matching firms, and suggest that controlling shareholders are motivated to delay the recognition of the ensuing loss in the financial statements to make it more difficult for auditors to detect tunneling. In 2006, new CSRC regulation introduced responsibility by board chairman to resolve tunneling issues while the two Chinese stock exchanges initiated a ‘name and shame’ of tunneling individuals and amounts tunneled through public media. We find that tunneling balances in a sample of fraudulent firms reduce significantly after the announcement of this strict anti-tunneling regulation. Relative to a matched sample, fraudulent firms experienced improved operating performance and higher abnormal returns following the imposition of the new anti-tunneling regulations. We also find that informal institutions, such as social trust play an important role in mitigating tunneling. Overall, our results suggest the means by which Chinese regulatory mechanisms have been effective in protecting minority shareholders from expropriation by controlling shareholders.
Cattle Theileriosis: Prevalence and Comparative by Using ELISA and Blood Smears Techniques in Sulaimani Province - Kurdistan Region / Iraq.

Isolated one hundred fifty adult female cattle (local breed) one hundred infested with a hard tick (Ixodidae) and show some clinical signs for a search of theileriosis such as; enlargement pre-scapular lymph node and pale of the eye mucus membrane, fifty of them use a control (Non infested cattle) during the period of April to November 2018 in Sulaimani province. Indicated the highest sensitivity (prevalence) of Theileria annulata when examined by ELISA technique 63% (63/100), the prevalence rate of macroscopically detection to T. annulata merozoite was 48% as the following, in mixed lymph node biopsy cells and blood smears technique was 22%, the blood and lymph node biopsy smear examinations were 15% and 11% respectively. Distinguished the total prevalence rate in control cattle was 6% and 4% in the ELISA technique and microscopically method respectively. Sensitivity values and positive predictive noted a highly in ELISA serolog-ical test 63% and 95.45% respectively, while in mixed lymph node biopsy and blood smears examined 22% and 100% respectively. During the study collected 1368 hard tick and identified to three genera in infested cattle of Ixodidae; Hyalomma species are the highest number percentage (44.8%), followed Boophilus species (28.6%) and the Rhipicephalus species is the lowest percentage (26.6%). This study conducted to find out the prevalence the local cattle with theileriosis (T. annulata) by the microscopic examination for both blood and lymph biopsy smear (merozoite) and compared with the (ELISA) technique.
Correlation and the Omitted Variable: A Tale of Two Prices

We offer a new perspective on the low-beta anomaly by acknowledging the omitted-variable problem in the correlation component of beta: Correlation is “plagued” by firm size (the omitted variable) to exhibit a negative price. Once isolating the size impact, a hidden positive price emerges for the size-orthogonalized component of correlation. Further analyses suggest that i). The positive price of the size-orthogonalized component is not due to mispricing, supporting the return comovement-based pricing channel. ii). The negative price of the size-explained component is related to illiquidity and coskewness. iii). The omitted-variable problem also applies to the pricing of beta.
A CASE OF MOSAICISM IN GIR CATTLE (BOS INDICUS)

A blood sample from a phenotypically normal 10-month old Gir male was collected in heparinised blood collecting tube for routine cytogenetic screening. The whole blood culture was set up in RPMI 1640 medium for 72 hrs, harvested, prepared chromosomal slides for conventional staining and GTGbanding. Total 111 metaphases plates were screened under microscope and observed inconsistent number of chromosome in 21 cells (18.2%) exhibiting 60,XY/58,XY,59,XY,61,XY/61,XYY/61,XY+17/3n). Mosaicism is usually associated reduced fertility in male and infertility in females. The bull calf in present study was 10 months old, therefore the fertility could not be estimated. However, it is advisable that the bull having mosaicism should be checked for the fertility before use in artificial Insemination and breeding programmes.
Metrological framework for selecting morphological characters to identify species and estimate developmental maturity of forensically significant insect specimens

Abstract Accurate age estimates of immature necrophagous insects associated with a human or animal body can provide evidence of how long the body has been dead. These estimates are based on species-specific details of the insects’ aging processes, and therefore require accurate species identification and developmental stage estimation. Many professionals who produce or use identified organisms as forensic evidence have little training in taxonomy or metrology, and appreciate the availability of formalized principles and standards for biological identification. Taxonomic identifications are usually most readily and economically made using categorical and qualitative morphological characters, but it may be necessary to use less convenient and potentially more ambiguous characters that are continuous and quantitative if two candidate species are closely related, or if identifying developmental stages within a species. Characters should be selected by criteria such as taxonomic specificity and metrological repeatability and relative error. We propose such a hierarchical framework, critique various measurements of immature insects, and suggest some standard approaches to determine the reliability of organismal identifications and measurements in estimating postmortem intervals. Relevant criteria for good characters include high repeatability (including low scope for ambiguity or parallax effects), pronounced discreteness, and small relative error in measurements. These same principles apply to individuation of unique objects in general. Key points Metrological rigour can increase in forensic entomology by selecting measurements based on their metrological qualities. Selection of high-quality features for morphological identification of organisms should consider these criteria: (1) pronounced discreteness of features (minimising group overlap or maximizing interval); (2) high repeatability of assessment (such as symmetrical width rather than asymmetrical length); (3) small relative error in measurement (selecting the physically largest continuous rigid feature for measurement). These metrological principles also apply to individuation of unique objects in general.