Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internal fragmentation: the effects of roads, highways and powerline clearings on movements and mortality of rainforest vertebrates

General Implications: 1. Linear environmental discontinuities such as roads and powerlines may fragment rainforest wildlife populations. Arboreal species and those of the rainforest understory and ground layer are most likely to be affected. 2. The mobility and behavioural characteristics of species, particularly those relating to open-space avoidance, largely determine the magnitude of the linear barrier effect. In contrast, species that do not avoid open space may be prone to road mortality or predation along roads. 3. As the width of the linear clearing increases, road-crossing attempts by many rainforest species rapidly decline. Eventually, clearings are likely to form a complete or almost complete barrier, apart from rare stochastic crossings. 4. In clearings wide enough to support grassy swaths, the presence of a distinctive grassland faunal community may compound structural and microclimatic differences to result in almost complete exclusion of rainforest species. 5. To mitigate fragmentation effects of rainforest roads and highways, the widths should be minimised, particularly near streams and gullies, where many species attempt to cross. 6. Canopy connectivity above a road should be maintained wherever possible to provide potential crossing points for arboreal species. In addition, the presence of some canopy cover produces a microclimate on the road surface that is somewhat similar to that of the adjacent rainforest, and provides some cover for understory species attempting to cross. 7. Underpasses and culverts form crossing routes for a number of rainforest mammals and other vertebrates. A range of sizes and designs of culverts may increase their utility as faunal crossing routes. 8. Allowing rainforest regrowth to develop along powerline clearings clearly helps to mitigate the barrier effects of these clearings for small mammals. 9. The effects of new powerlines can be reduced by clearing only tower footprints, and subsequently maintaining the powerline by helicopter. Alternatively, strips of forest can be retained in gullies along the powerline route. 10. When planning for new roads and powerlines, resource managers should strive to avoid critical habitats for rare or threatened species as well as areas of high biological diversity and abundance.
The Association between Dietary Patterns and Breast Cancer Pathobiological Factors Progesterone Receptor (PR) and Estrogen Receptors (ER): New Findings from Iranian Case-Control Study

Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BrCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among females and second cancer after lung cancer in many societies. Ignoring the phenotypes of the BrCa can affect the interpretation of the association between diet and BrCa. The aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary patterns and estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR) status in women with BrCa. Methods: This study includes 150 cases of BrCa. Controls were 150 healthy adults, frequency matching based on age. The individual information, food frequency questionnaire, and physical activity were completed while interviews. Information about the pathologic factors obtained from patients' files. Factor analysis method used to determine the dietary patterns; logistic regression used to measure the odds ratios. Results: Getting upper median intake of unhealthy diet had a strong association with BrCa-positive ER and positive PR (OR: 4.98, 95% CI: 2.65–9.34 and OR: 4.99, 95% CI: 2.56–9.75, respectively) compared to under median intake of unhealthy diet. In addition, the protective effect of the healthy diet was stronger on BrCa-negative ER, negative PR (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.04–0.34 and OR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03–0.25, respectively). Conclusion: The protective effect of a healthy dietary pattern was stronger on BrCa negative ER and negative PR. The unhealthy dietary pattern had a strong association with BrCa positive ER and positive PR.
Eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori in a Mexican population at high risk for gastric cancer and use of serology to assess cure

OBJECTIVES:Helicobacter pylori causes gastric adenocarcinoma. We assessed the success of H. pylori eradication therapy in a medically underserved population in Chiapas, Mexico, that is at high risk for gastric cancer risk.METHODS:Healthy volunteers with both antibodies to CagA and gastrin levels ≥25 ng/ml were randomly assigned to receive either a combination of omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin or matched placebo for 1 wk. Endoscopy with seven biopsies was performed at baseline, at 6 wk, and 1 yr after treatment. Treatment success was defined as loss of H. pylori by histological analysis. Cure was assessed using change in serology based on the standardized absorbance of a H. pylori ELISA.RESULTS:H. pylori eradication rates were high (intent-to-treat analysis: 76.3% [95% CI = 68.7–84.0%] after 6 wk and 76.1% [95% CI = 67.7–84.6%] after 1 yr; per protocol analysis: 77.8% [95% CI = 70.1–85.4%] after 6 wk and 75.2% [95% CI = 66.5–84.0%] after 1 yr). Nine subjects on active treatment and one subject on placebo who were without H. pylori at 6 wk were infected at 1 yr (recurrence rates 10.7% and 33.3%, respectively, p = 0.31). Median changes in standardized absorbance at 1 yr were 47% and 1% for successfully and unsuccessfully treated patients, respectively. A 10% decline in standardized absorbance after 1 yr had 84% sensitivity and 100% specificity for H. pylori eradication.CONCLUSIONS:Even with a short course of treatment against H. pylori, a high rate of eradication rate can be achieved in populations at high risk for stomach cancer. Serum antibodies are useful in assessing efficacy of therapy.
Eradication Rate of Helicobacter pylori on the US–Mexico Border Using the Urea Breath Test

Objectives Helicobacter pylori is prevalent worldwide, especially in Latin America. Triple and quadruple antibiotic therapies have been relatively effective; however, resistance has emerged in recent years. The treatment success rate of these regimens on the border of the United States and Mexico is unknown. Our study attempted to determine eradication rates of two major regimens based on urea breath test (UBT) results in patients previously diagnosed as having H. pylori in a single center in El Paso, Texas, a city on the geographic border with Mexico. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with H. pylori who underwent UBT after being treated with triple therapy (amoxicillin/clarithromycin/proton pump inhibitor for 14 days), quadruple therapy (tetracycline/metronidazole/bismuth/proton pump inhibitor, usually for 10 days), or both for H. pylori from 2010 to 2015 in a county hospital. Patients were excluded if they did not complete therapy or if their treatment regimen was unknown. The Student t test and the &khgr;2 test were used to analyze the data. The cumulative incidence and 95% confidence interval (CI) for treatment success were estimated. Results A total of 104 patients completed the treatment for H. pylori and had UBT. Mean age was 53 years, 76% were women, 85% were Hispanic, and mean body mass index was 30.5 kg/m2. Of the 104 patients diagnosed as having H. pylori, 88 received triple therapy (84.6%) and 16 received quadruple therapy: 12 (11.5%) standard quadruple therapy, 4 (3.9%) triple therapy plus metronidazole. There were no differences between groups regarding age, sex, body mass index, or ethnicity. Overall, 90 (86.5%, 95% CI 78–92) patients had negative UBT after initial treatment. Based on posttreatment UBT, the triple therapy group had a similar eradication rate compared with the quadruple therapy group (78/88, 88.6% vs 12/16, 75.0%, P = 0.22). Of the 14 patients with positive posttreatment UBT, 12 (85.7%) received retreatment (2 were lost to follow-up), 11 (91.7%) received quadruple therapy, and 1 (8.3%) received triple therapy. Eradication was successful in 9 of 12 (75%, 95% CI 43–95) patients at retreatment. As such, of the initial 104 patients, 99/104 (95.2%) achieved H. pylori eradication posttreatment (either initial or retreatment). Conclusions In a predominantly Hispanic population on the US–Mexico border, H. pylori eradication rates based on UBT results were relatively high and were similar for triple therapy and quadruple therapy. Quadruple therapy was effective for those who failed the initial H. pylori treatment. This may have implications for cost-effective therapy in our region.
Multiple-contact thermoelastic oscillations

Abstract This article derives and analyzes a model for the thermoelastic response of a system of pins sliding relative to a rigid rough plane. The model not only describes the configurations observed in the experiments of Barber but also reveals the possibility of other modes, depending on the relative importance of wear, thermal expansion and thermal conduction.
Investigational follicle-stimulating hormone receptor agonists for male infertility therapy

ABSTRACT Introduction According to estimates by the World Health Organization, about 17.5% of the adult population – roughly 1 in 6 globally – experience infertility. The causes of male infertility remain poorly understood and have yet to be fully evaluated. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) represents an available and useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of idiopathic infertility. Areas covered We provide here an overview of the molecular mechanisms by which FSH stimulates Sertoli cells and the schemes, dosages, and formulations of FSH most prescribed so far and reported in the literature. We also evaluated the possible predictor factors of the response to FSH administration and the indications of the latest guidelines on the use of FSH for the treatment of male infertility. Expert opinion FSH therapy should be considered for infertile male patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and normal serum FSH levels to quantitatively and qualitatively improve sperm parameters and pregnancy and birth rates. The grade of evidence is very low to low, due to the limited number of randomized controlled studies and patients available, the heterogeneity of the studies, and the limited effect size. To overcome these limitations, preclinical and clinical research is needed to evaluate the most effective dose and duration of FSH administration.
Long-term Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Other Thrombotic Complications in COVID-19 Survivors: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background Growing evidence suggests that some coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors experience a wide range of long-term postacute sequelae. We examined the postacute risk and burden of new-incident cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and other thrombotic complications after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a highly vaccinated multiethnic Southeast Asian population, during Delta predominance. Methods This cohort study used national testing and healthcare claims databases in Singapore to build a cohort of individuals who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test between 1 September and 30 November 2021 when Delta predominated community transmission. Concurrently, we constructed a test-negative control group by enrolling individuals between 13 April 2020 and 31 December 2022 with no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants in both groups were followed up for a median of 300 days. We estimated risks of new-incident cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and other thrombotic complications using doubly robust competing-risks survival analysis. Risks were reported using 2 measures: hazard ratio (HR) and excess burden (EB) with 95% confidence intervals. Results We included 106 012 infected cases and 1 684 085 test-negative controls. Compared with the control group, individuals with COVID-19 exhibited increased risk (HR, 1.157 [1.069–1.252]) and excess burden (EB, 0.70 [.53–.88]) of new-incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. Risks decreased in a graded fashion for fully vaccinated (HR, 1.11 [1.02–1.22]) and boosted (HR, 1.10 [.92–1.32]) individuals. Conversely, risks and burdens of subsequent cardiovascular/cerebrovascular complications increased for hospitalized and severe COVID-19 cases (compared to nonhospitalized cases). Conclusions Increased risks and excess burdens of new-incident cardiovascular/cerebrovascular complications were reported among infected individuals; risks can be attenuated with vaccination and boosting.
Low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage of preterm infants: neurodevelopmental and motor outcome

Abstract Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a main complication of prematurity, inversely associated with gestational age and birth weight. Low-grade IVH (I and II), diagnosed by cranial ultrasound, had long been considered rather not to affect neurodevelopmental and motor outcome, a view challenged by several literature reports. However, diversity in studies design, periods of subjects’ collection, cohort characteristics, demographic data, maternal or neonatal comorbidities, neuroimaging methods, evaluation tools, short-or-long-term follow-up by the same or different examiners, as well as other parameters and confounders make comparisons among reports very difficult, not allowing solid conclusions. Older, but also newer investigations claim both possible outcomes: impairment or not of cognitive and motor abilities in very preterm infants with low-grade IVH. Thus, the current suggestion in the relevant literature is not to rely only on the results of cranial ultrasounds, but to also implement classic, or even more advanced MRI techniques at term equivalent age to preterm infants with grade I or II IVH. In addition, the continuation of close follow-up during school age is warranted.
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DOUTORADO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICÁCIA DO HIDROGEL DE CRAMOLL-1,4 IRRADIADO NO REPARO TECIDUAL DE QUEIMADURAS TÉRMICAS DE SEGUNDO GRAU

This research aimed at evaluating the efficacy of hydrogel containing 1.4 Cramoll lectin spent in the treatment of second-degree thermal burns in vivo. It was initially carried out the extraction and purification of Cramoll-1,4 and developed a formulation in hydrogel using Carbopol as vehicle, which was irradiated with gamma rays in a Co60 kGy at 15 h -1 . The formulation proposed in the concentration of 100 μg retained the hemagglutinating activity in vitro. It was subsequently established an experimental model for obtaining second degree thermal burns, so that the resulting lesion had similar size and depth in all animals. In all procedures the animals were under anesthesia. The procedures were conducted at the Center for Experimental Surgery, Federal University of Pernambuco, using Rattus norvegicus, albino Wistar male rats, between 8 and 10 weeks, weighing 250 ± 50 g, healthy and immunocompromised. The results of this study revealed that the experimental protocol used in the induction of second-degree thermal burns originated similar lesions both from the clinical and histological appearance. In parallel, the regular topical application hydrogel irradiated from the Cramoll 1,4 at 100 μg for the treatment of second-degree skin burns accelerated the processes of granulation and re-epithelization and wound contraction in healthy rats. The immunosuppressed animals also treated with hydrogel irradiated from Cramoll revealed a delay in the process of lesion repair, compared to the control group, with complete tissue re-epithelialization, autolysis and absent neovascularization, mild fibroblastic proliferation, presence of modeled dense collagen mesh and moderate fibrosis. The results indicate that the hydrogel irradiated from Cramoll 1.4 promotes the repair of second-degree thermal burns in healthy and immunosuppressed mice, with great therapeutic potential.
A Quasi-Geostrophic Analysis of a Meander in the Palamos Canyon

Along the northeast Spanish coast the Northern Current interacts with abrupt canyon topography. Previous studies in the region have shown some evidence of flow modifications (in terms of meanders, eddies, shelf-slope exchanges) that are likely related to the presence of the canyons. However, most of the existing samplings up to now were too coarse for an accurate inference of dynamical variables necessary to determine the relationship between the observed features and the bottom orography.
Vector Autoregressions: Forecasting and Reality

Constructing forecasts of the future path for economic series such as real gross domestic product growth, inflation, and unemployment forms a large part of applied economic analysis for business and government. Model-based forecasts are easier to replicate and validate by independent researchers than forecasts based on expert opinion alone. In addition, the forecaster can formally investigate the source of systematic errors in model forecasts, and a forecast model s performance can be established before it is used by a decision maker. ; The authors of this article describe a particular model-based forecasting approach, a vector autoregression comprising six U.S. macroeconomic variables. They focus attention on the technical hurdles that must be addressed in a real-time application and methods for overcoming those hurdles, such as conditional forecasting to handle the staggered release of data and matching quarterly with monthly data. ; By emphasizing the practical problems of forecasting economic data using a statistical model, the authors draw on experience in using such a model at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. Although the model studied is small and highly aggregated, it provides a convenient framework for illustrating several practical forecasting issues. The focus on a simple model provides potential users with a road map of how one might implement such a forecasting model in specific applications.
Efficacy of rehabilitation initiated in the early phase after simultaneous deceased donor liver and kidney transplantation: A case report

Rationale: The purpose of this case report is to describe a case of successful early rehabilitation intervention for simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation (SLKT). Patient concerns: A 51-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with Caroli disease 27 years ago. Hemodialysis was introduced due to end-stage renal disease 17 years ago. Diagnoses: After successful SLKT, the patient was extubated on postoperative day (POD) 1, liberated from dialysis on POD 4, and discharged from the intensive care unit on POD 9. Interventions: Supervised rehabilitation was started on POD 2, and the patient was able to walk 100 m on POD 9. Electrical muscle stimulation therapy was started to improve muscle weakness in both legs on POD 16, and aerobic exercise using a cycle-ergometer was started on POD 24. Outcomes: The 6-minute walking distance improved from 324 m on POD 14 to 501 m on POD 28. The patient could walk 4000 to 5000 steps per day at hospital discharge, and was discharged home on POD 32. There were no adverse events, including worsening hepatic or renal function, during the rehabilitation period. One month after discharge, the patient was able to perform 30 to 40 minutes of aerobic exercise every day, and returned to work 5 months after discharge. Lessons: This case shows that early rehabilitation intervention immediately after SLKT safely and rapidly improved physical performance without adverse events. The results in the present case suggest that regular physical assessment and appropriate interventions with a variety of exercise modalities can contribute to improved physical performance in SLKT patients.
Supporting Online Material for

(A) cVG1 and BMP4 are expressed as opposing gradients – cVG1 is expressed as a very steep gradient decreasing from the posterior marginal zone, and BMP4 forms a shallower gradient decreasing in a posterior direction. (B) Gaussian and parabolic functions are used to model the opposing gradients of inducer and inhibitor, relating to cVG1 and BMP4 respectively. Development: doi:10.1242/dev.200295: Supplementary information
Transformative learning in clinical reasoning: a meta-synthesis in undergraduate primary care medical education

ABSTRACT Clinical reasoning is a vital medical education skill, yet its nuances in undergraduate primary care settings remain debated. This systematic review explores clinical reasoning teaching and learning intricacies within primary care. We redefine clinical reasoning as dynamically assimilating and prioritising synthesised patient, significant other, or healthcare professional information for diagnoses or non-diagnoses. This focused meta-synthesis applies transformative learning theory to primary care clinical reasoning education. A comprehensive analysis of 29 selected studies encompassing various designs made insights into clinical reasoning learning dimensions visible. Primary care placements in varying duration and settings foster diverse instructional methods like bedside teaching, clinical consultations, simulated clinics, virtual case libraries, and more. This review highlights the interplay between disease-oriented and patient-centred orientations in clinical reasoning learning. Transformative learning theory provides an innovative lens, revealing stages of initiation, persistence, time and space, and competence and confidence in students’ clinical reasoning evolution. Clinical teachers guide this transformation, adopting roles as fortifiers, connoisseurs, mediators, and monitors. Patient engagement spans passive to active involvement, co-constructing clinical reasoning. The review underscores theoretical underpinnings’ significance in shaping clinical reasoning pedagogy, advocating broader diversity. Intentional student guidance amid primary care complexities is vital. Utilising transformative learning, interventions bridging cognitive boundaries enhance meaningful clinical reasoning learning experiences. This study contributes insights for refining pedagogy, encouraging diverse research, and fostering holistic clinical reasoning development.
Does the quality of orthodontic studies influence their Altmetric Attention Score?

Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether an association between study quality, other study characteristics, and Altmetric Attention Scores (AASs) existed in orthodontic studies. Methods The Scopus database was searched to identify orthodontic studies published between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. Articles that satisfied the eligibility criteria were included in this study. Study characteristics, including study quality were extracted and entered into a pre-pilot data collection sheet. Descriptive statistics were calculated. On an exploratory basis, random forest and gradient boosting machine learning algorithms were used to examine the influence of article characteristics on AAS. Results In total, 586 studies with an AAS were analyzed. Overall, the mean AAS of the samples was 5. Twitter was the most popular social media platform for publicizing studies, accounting for 53.7%. In terms of study quality, only 19.1% of the studies were rated as having a high level of quality, with 41.8% of the studies deemed moderate quality. The type of social media platform, number of citations, impact factor, and study type were among the most influential characteristics of AAS in both models. In contrast, study quality was one of the least influential characteristics on the AAS. Conclusions Social media platforms contributed the most to the AAS for orthodontic studies, whereas study quality had little impact on the AAS.