Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEASONAL ABUNDANCE, SIZE COMPOSITION, AND GROWTH OF ROCK CRAB, CANCER ANTENNARIUS STIMPSON, OFF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA

Bimonthly crab trapping and tagging efforts off the central coast of California from August 1976 to April 1981 yielded data on over 9,000 adult Cancer antennarius, the northeastern Pacific rock crab. Female crabs were most abundant during autumn, the period of warmest water temperatures along central California, but males exhibited no clearly defined seasonal abundance trends. Ovigerous females were prevalent during winter, resulting in the subsequent dispersal of pelagic larvae during spring and early summer. Rock crabs attain sexual maturity about 2 years after settlement, at a size of 60-80 mm carapace width. Adult crab growth averages 16.7% in carapace width and 57.7% in body weight after a single molt, with intermolt periods of up to 16 months duration. Maximum size may exceed 150 mm in carapace width and 900 g in body weight after 5 or 6 years making C. antennarius a desirable sport and commercial fishery species. Tag returns averaged 6.3% while tag loss, as detected by a scar on the epimeral suture of recaptured crabs, was 14.4%. Nearly half of all recaptured crabs were recovered at their original release site after 2-18 months, although migratory distances of 7 km were recorded for several individuals. The northeastern Pacific rock crab Cancer antennarius Stimpson is an edible crab common along the central Californian coast of North America, and ranges from Oregon to Baja California (Garth and Abbott, 1980). Three sympatric species of Cancer, all commonly referred to as "rock crab," inhabit the central Californian coast: C. antennarius (rock crab), C. productus Randall (red crab), and C. anthonyi Rathbun (yellow crab). Of these, C. antennarius is the most abundant in shallow waters of the outer rocky coast. In central and southern California these three species have supported a small sport and commercial fishery for over thirty years (Frey, 1971). Despite its common occurrence and commercial importance, the Pacific rock crab has received little attention in the scientific literature beyond descriptions of larval development (Mir, 1961; Roesajadi, 1976), laboratory behavior (Krekorian et al., 1974), molt cycle dynamics (Spaziani et al., 1981), and brief accounts of its general biology (Schmitt, 1921; Ricketts et al., 1968; Garth and Abbott, 1980). The objective of the present study was to document several aspects of an adult C. antennarius population including: 1) seasonal abundance, 2) sex ratio, 3) size composition, 4) molting and spawning periods, 5) individual growth rates, and 6) migratory behavior.
The Impact of Destructive Insects on Reproduction in Six Species of Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae).

Six species of Banksia (Proteaceae) were examined at two study sites near Perth for insect larvae that destroy flowers and seed. All species, B. attenuata, B grandis, B. ilicifolia, B. littoralis, B. menziesii and B. telmatiaea, showed some damage to the conflorescence (flowering spike) while all except B, grandis and B. ilicifolia had damage to the infructescence (fruit). Six lepidopteran larvae and a curculionid larva damaged conflorescences, and five lepidopteran larvae and three curculionid larvae consumed seed. The insects were found only on Banksia and were mostly host-specific. The insects prevent about one-third of conflorescences from developing seed, but only one-third of the total conflorescences develop into infructescences. It is not known why the remaining one-third of conflorescences do not set seed. Insects destroy up to 60% of the follicles, which contain one or two seeds, on these infructescences. Examples of possible adaptations of the conflorescence and infructescence for avoiding this insect damage are suggested.
ESTIMATION OF BODY MASS IN THE SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL, MIROUNGA LEONINA, BY PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND MORPHOMETRICS

A simple photographic technique was developed to indirectly estimate body mass data for southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) cows (postlactation), yearlings, and immature males and females. Regressions of mass on both photographic and morphometric variables (together and separately) yielded useful, predictable models. Using such variables, the best estimation of the actual mass was for postlactation cows, with a 95% confidence interval of ± 2.66% of the predicted body mass. Although combining photographic and morphometric variables produced the most reliable models specifically for cows and yearlings, the most practical model contained only the morphometric variables length and girth squared. Side area was the best correlated single photographic variable and this corresponded with other studies. Photogrammetry could be useful when animals cannot be sedated and are located on a flat surface, but it does require animals to be motionless when approached. Thus, the procedure may be more suited to bulls rather than other age classes and could have a role in studies where large numbers of mass estimations are rapidly required. If sedation is utilized in smaller animals, then the use of body length and girth is the most suitable indirect mass estimation technique to avoid the use of heavy weighing equipment.
A RECORD OF PAULOWNIA IN THE TERTIARY OF NORTH AMERICA

SMILEY, CHARLES J. CMacalester Coll. , St. Paul, Minn. ) A record of Paulownia in the Tertiary of North America. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(2): 175-179. Illus. 1961. -Paulownia, an eastern Asiatic genus in the family Scrophulariaceae, has been identified from fossil leaves in the Ellensburg flora of Washington. Age of these fossils is late Miocene (Barstovian) to early Pliocene (Clarendonian). They are nearly identical to leaves of the living P. tomentosa (Thunberg) Steudel, a deciduous tree now growing in temperate parts of China and one that has escaped from cultivation in eastern United States. Identification is based on comparative leaf morphology. Modern and fossil Paulownia leaves may be distinguished from those of such other genera as Buettneria, Catalpa, and Cercis by secondary and tertiary venation. Central Washington environment during this time was well suited to the growth and reproduction of Paulownia, judging from such fossil associates as Liquidambar, Nyssa, Passiflora, Persea, Rhododendron, Ulmus, and Zelkova. Deciduous habit, present temperate environment, possible early Tertiary record in Alaska, later Tertiary records in middle latitudes of North America and Europe, and present occurrence in China indicate that Paulownia was once widely distributed over the northern hemisphere. Secular climatic trends toward cooler conditions since the Eocene appear to have resulted in the southward migration of Paulownia as a member of the Arcto-Tertiary Geoflora. Subsequent extinctions in Europe and North America may have resulted from Pleistocene glacial climates, and from barriers to further
Nutrient contents, rumen protein degradability and antinutritional factors in some colour‐ and white‐flowering cultivars of Vicia faba beans

Six colour-flowering (Scirocco, Alfred, Carola, Condor, Tina and Herz Freya) and six white-flowering (Caspar, Albatros, Gloria, Tyrol, Vasco and Cresta) cultivars of Vicia faba were studied. The crude protein contents of colour- and white-flowering cultivars were 267 ± 13.6 and 283 ± 18.8 g kg -1 , respectively, which did not differ significantly at P Herz Freya > Carola. The CT were not detected in white-flowering varieties, T were virtually absent and TP were extremely low (40-49gkg -1 ). The activities of other antinutritional factors (white- and colour-flowering cultivars, respectively: trypsin inhibitor activity 3.05 ± 0.34 and 1.85 ± 0.09 mg trypsin inhibited g -1 ; lectin 27.2 ± 9.4 and 27.1 ± 5.I mg ml -1 assay medium producing haemagglutination; phytate 15.0+27 and 16.6 ± 2.3 g kg -1 ) were very low. A strong negative correlation (r = -0.92, P<0.001) between tannins and in vitro rumen protein degradability was observed which suggested that tannins have adverse effect on protein degradability. Similarly negative correlations between tannin levels and metabolisable energy (r = -0.89; P<0001) and organic matter digestibility (r = -089; P < 0.001) were observed. The correlation coefficient between trypsin inhibitor activity and tannins was negative and highly significant (r = -0.88, P < 0.001), whereas between tannins and saponins it was significantly positive (r = 096, P < 0001).
When mechanical work meets energetics: Obese versus non‐obese children walking

What is the central question of this study? The aim was to compare the cost of transport and mechanical work between obese and non‐obese children at different walking speeds. What is the main finding and its importance? Our data show that the cost of transport, mechanical efficiency and work are similar and directly mass dependent in obese and non‐obese children. The optimal walking speed (most economical walking speed) is reduced in obese children.
Similarity-Based Methods and Machine Learning Approaches for Target Prediction in Early Drug Discovery: Performance and Scope

Computational methods for predicting the macromolecular targets of drugs and drug-like compounds have evolved as a key technology in drug discovery. However, the established validation protocols leave several key questions regarding the performance and scope of methods unaddressed. For example, prediction success rates are commonly reported as averages over all compounds of a test set and do not consider the structural relationship between the individual test compounds and the training instances. In order to obtain a better understanding of the value of ligand-based methods for target prediction, we benchmarked a similarity-based method and a random forest based machine learning approach (both employing 2D molecular fingerprints) under three testing scenarios: a standard testing scenario with external data, a standard time-split scenario, and a scenario that is designed to most closely resemble real-world conditions. In addition, we deconvoluted the results based on the distances of the individual test molecules from the training data. We found that, surprisingly, the similarity-based approach generally outperformed the machine learning approach in all testing scenarios, even in cases where queries were structurally clearly distinct from the instances in the training (or reference) data, and despite a much higher coverage of the known target space.
Microglial lysophosphatidic acid promotes glioblastoma proliferation and migration via LPA1 receptor

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly aggressive primary brain tumors characterized by cellular heterogeneity, insensitivity to chemotherapy and poor patient survival. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lysophospholipid that acts as a bioactive signaling molecule and plays important roles in diverse biological events during development and disease, including several cancer types. Microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, express high levels of Autotaxin (ATX,Enpp2), an enzyme that synthetizes LPA. Our study aimed to investigate the role of LPA on tumor growth and invasion in the context of microglia‐GBM interaction. First, through bioinformatics studies, patient data analysis demonstrated that more aggressive GBM expressed higher levels of ENPP2, which was also associated with worse patient prognosis with proneural GBM. Using GBM‐microglia co‐culture system we then demonstrated that GBM secreted factors were able to increase LPA1 and ATX in microglia, which could be further enhanced by hypoxia. On the other hand, interaction with microglial cells also increased ATX expression in GBM. Furthermore, microglial‐induced GBM proliferation and migration could be inhibited by pharmacological inhibition of LPA1, suggesting that microglial‐derived LPA could support tumor growth and invasion. Finally, increased LPA1 expression was observed in GBM comparing with other gliomas and could be also associated with worse patient survival. These results show for the first time a microglia‐GBM interaction through the LPA pathway with relevant implications for tumor progression. A better understanding of this interaction can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies setting LPA as a potential target for GBM treatment.
Systems Biology ARDS Research with a Focus on Metabolomics

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome that inflicts a considerably heavy toll in terms of morbidity and mortality. While there are multitudes of conditions that can lead to ARDS, the vast majority of ARDS cases are caused by a relatively small number of diseases, especially sepsis and pneumonia. Currently, there is no clinically agreed upon reliable diagnostic test for ARDS, and the detection or diagnosis of ARDS is based on a constellation of laboratory and radiological tests in the absence of evidence of left ventricular dysfunction, as specified by the Berlin definition of ARDS. Virtually all the ARDS biomarkers to date have been proven to be of very limited clinical utility. Given the heterogeneity of ARDS due to the wide variation in etiology, clinical and molecular manifestations, there is a current scientific consensus agreement that ARDS is not just a single entity but rather a spectrum of conditions that need further study for proper classification, the identification of reliable biomarkers and the adequate institution of therapeutic targets. This scoping review aims to elucidate ARDS omics research, focusing on metabolomics and how metabolomics can boost the study of ARDS biomarkers and help to facilitate the identification of ARDS subpopulations.
Knockout of the Circadian Clock Protein PER1 Results in Sex-Dependent Alterations of ET-1 Production in Mice in Response to a High Salt Diet plus Mineralocorticoid Treatment.

Previously, we showed that global knockout (KO) of the circadian clock transcription factor PER1 in male, but not female, mice fed a high salt diet plus mineralocorticoid treatment (HS/DOCP) resulted in non-dipping hypertension and decreased night/day ratio of sodium (Na) excretion. Additionally, we have shown that the endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene is targeted by both PER1 and aldosterone. We hypothesized that ET-1 would exhibit a sex-specific response to HS/DOCP treatment in PER1 KO. Here we show that male, but not female, global PER1 KO mice exhibit a decreased night/day ratio of urinary ET-1. Gene expression analysis revealed significant genotype differences in ET-1 and endothelin A receptor (ETA) expression in male, but not female, mice in response to HS/DOCP. Additionally, both WT and global PER1 KO male mice significantly increase endothelin B receptor (ETB) expression in response to HS/DOCP, but female mice do not. Finally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of PER1 in mouse cortical collecting duct cells (mpkCCDc14) resulted in increased ET-1 mRNA expression and peptide secretion in response to aldosterone treatment. These data suggest that PER1 is a negative regulator of ET-1 expression in response to HS/DOCP, revealing a novel mechanism for the regulation of renal Na handling in response to HS/DOCP treatment.
Effectiveness and Tolerability of Oral Amoxicillin in Pregnant Women with Active Syphilis, Japan, 2010–2018

We conducted a nationwide retrospective study in Japan to evaluate the effectiveness of oral amoxicillin or ampicillin as alternatives to injectable benzathine penicillin G for treating pregnant women with syphilis and preventing congenital syphilis (CS). We investigated 80 pregnant women with active syphilis treated with amoxicillin or ampicillin during 2010–2018. Overall, 21% (15/71) had pregnancies resulting in CS cases, and 3.8% (3/80) changed therapies because of side effects. Among 26 patients with early syphilis, no CS cases occurred, but among 45 with late syphilis, 15 (33%) CS cases occurred. Among 57 patients who started treatment >60 days before delivery, 8 (14%) had CS pregnancy outcomes. We found oral amoxicillin potentially ineffective for preventing CS cases among pregnant women with late syphilis but potentially effective in those with early syphilis. Prospective studies are needed to definitively evaluate the efficacy of amoxicillin for the treatment of pregnant women with syphilis to prevent CS.
Insetos aquáticos associados a macrófitas da região litoral da represa do Ribeirão das Anhumas (município de Américo Brasiliense, São Paulo, Brasil)

Research on aquatic insects in Brazil has increased in the last years. However, gaps exist on the knowledge relating their association with aquatic macrophytes. The objective of this work was to assess the composition and abundance of the entomofauna associated with macrophytes occurring at Ribeirao das Anhumas reservoir (Americo Brasiliense, Sao Paulo, Brazil), to evaluate the insects functional trophic levels, to compare the faunistic similarities between sampling periods and between macrophytes through PSC analyzes (similarity) and PCA (Principal Components Analysis), besides establishing the relation between macrophytes wet/dry weight and its associated fauna. We identified 1173 specimens belonging to 26 families distributed in seven orders. The macrophytes support a community predominantly represented for collectors insects (62% of its fauna) followed by predators (31%). The PCA analyses also indicated that different collection periods did not influence the faunistic structure; however this analysis indicated spatial segregation between some macrophytes, with a probable existence of a relation between macrophytes space complexity and associated fauna diversity. The analysis of plants dry weight biomass didn't indicate direct relation with insect abundance.
Multi-View Deep Network: A Deep Model Based on Learning Features From Heterogeneous Neural Networks for Sentiment Analysis

By the development of social media, sentiment analysis has changed to one of the most remarkable research topics in the field of natural language processing which tries to dig information from textual data containing users’ opinions or attitudes toward a particular topic. In this regard, deep neural networks have emerged as promising techniques that have been extensively used for this aim in recent years and obtained significant results. Considering the fact that deep neural networks can automatically extract features from data, it can be claimed that intermediate representations extracted from these networks can be also used as appropriate features. While different deep neural networks are able to extract various types of features due to their distinct structures, we decided to combine features extracted from heterogeneous neural networks using multi-view classifiers to enhance the overall performance of document-level sentiment analysis by considering the correlation between them. The proposed multi-view deep network makes use of intermediate features extracted from convolutional and recursive neural networks to perform classification. Based on the results of the experiments, the proposed multi-view deep network not only outperforms single-view deep neural networks but also has superior efficiency and generalization performance.
A Conditional Constant Catch Policy for Managing the Pacific Halibut Fishery

Abstract Since 1985, the staff of the International Pacific Halibut Commission (IPHC) has used a constant harvest rate policy—currently 20% of exploitable biomass—to estimate the yield currently available from Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis stock. This paper outlines a more stable alternative policy in which yield is held constant at some ceiling level so long as taking that yield would not result in a total exploitation rate exceeding a specified ceiling rate. During any periods of low abundance, the policy would revert to a constant harvest rate policy at the ceiling rate. The ceiling harvest rate would be chosen so as to assure that spawning biomass remained above a specified minimum. A policy of this kind could produce a yield similar to the present 20% constant harvest rate policy but with much less year-to-year variation attributable to changes in stock abundance, assessment methods, and estimated removals by other fisheries.
Factors that affect oocyte vitrification in small ruminants

At the end of its growth, the mammalian oocyte, include in preovulatory follicle, is the largest cell of the organism, with about 120 µm in diameter. The size of oocyte, together with the specific arrangement of its organels and cytoskeleton, makes a real challenge for cryopreservation techniques. For such large cell, methods that do not require equilibrium to cryopreservation, such as vitrification, are more promising. It is important to highlight that the cryopreservation of oocytes is more difficult than zygotes or later stage embryos and this technique is a challenging task because of oocyte sensitive nature to chilling and toxic effects of cryoprotectants. However, the development of a reliable method for oocyte cryopreservation would be an important advance in the field of reproductive biology for the preservation of genetic resources. The vitrification of mammalian oocytes is influenced by many variables, such as different cryoprotectants, vitrification techniques, presence or absence of cumulus cells, the oocyte structure, metabolism (such as level of lipid storage) and meiotic stage. Thus, all these factors should be considered to optimize the techniques and adapt them to oocytes from each species. Therefore, the present review aims to describe the main factors that affect oocyte vitrification in sheep and goats, reporting the main findings in both species, as well as perspectives of future improvements.
Restored river habitat provides a natural spawning area for a critically endangered landlocked Atlantic salmon population

Supplementing endangered fish populations with captive bred individuals is a common practice in conservation management. The aim of supplementary releases from hatchery broodstocks is to maintain the viability of populations by maintaining their genetic diversity. Landlocked Lake Saimaa salmon (Salmo salar m. sebago) has been critically endangered for the past half-century. As a result of anthropogenic disturbance, especially construction of hydroelectric power plants, the Lake Saimaa salmon has become completely dependent on hatchery broodstock. Recently, habitat restoration has been done in one of the former spawning rivers with the aim of creating a new natural spawning ground for the critically endangered population. Hatchery fish releases have also been revised so that in addition to juveniles, adult fish from the hatchery and from the wild have been released into the restored river. We assessed here if a restored river stretch can be used as a natural spawning ground and juvenile production area with the aim of improving genetic diversity of the critically endangered Lake Saimaa salmon. By constructing a pedigree of the released adults, and juveniles sampled from the restored river, we found that the majority of the released adults had produced offspring in the river. We also found that wild-caught spawners that were released into the restored river had much higher reproductive success than hatchery-reared parents that were released into the restored river at the same time. We found no significant differences in genetic diversity between the parent and offspring generations. Meanwhile, relatedness among different groups of adults and juveniles varied a lot. For example, while the hatchery-reared females were on average half-siblings, wild-caught females showed no significant relatedness. This highlights the importance of using pedigree information in planning the conservation and management of endangered populations, especially when artificial propagation is involved.