Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive Controls in Adults and Children Support That Very Few, If Any, New Neurons Are Born in the Adult Human Hippocampus

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was originally discovered in rodents. Subsequent studies identified the adult neural stem cells and found important links between adult neurogenesis and plasticity, behavior, and disease. However, whether new neurons are produced in the human dentate gyrus (DG) during healthy aging is still debated. We and others readily observe proliferating neural progenitors in the infant hippocampus near immature cells expressing doublecortin (DCX), but the number of such cells decreases in children and few, if any, are present in adults. Recent investigations using dual antigen retrieval find many cells stained by DCX antibodies in adult human DG. This has been interpreted as evidence for high rates of adult neurogenesis, even at older ages. However, most of these DCX-labeled cells have mature morphology. Furthermore, studies in the adult human DG have not found a germinal region containing dividing progenitor cells. In this Dual Perspectives article, we show that dual antigen retrieval is not required for the detection of DCX in multiple human brain regions of infants or adults. We review prior studies and present new data showing that DCX is not uniquely expressed by newly born neurons: DCX is present in adult amygdala, entorhinal and parahippocampal cortex neurons despite being absent in the neighboring DG. Analysis of available RNA-sequencing datasets supports the view that DG neurogenesis is rare or absent in the adult human brain. To resolve the conflicting interpretations in humans, it is necessary to identify and visualize dividing neuronal precursors or develop new methods to evaluate the age of a neuron at the single-cell level.
Late Ice-Off Negatively Influences Breeding in Common Loons (Gavia immer)

Abstract - Productivity of Gavia immer (Common Loon) has declined in Ontario and across southern Canada. Variations in the timing of lake ice-off have the potential to negatively influence productivity of Common Loons, but there is conflicting evidence as to how ice-off dates affect this species' reproductive success. Our study investigated the association between annual ice-off timing in southern Ontario and the presence and reproductive success of Common Loons surveyed at 69 small lakes in 16 years over a 38-year span (1982–2019). We found negative relationships between residual ice-off date and the presence of Common Loon pairs, the proportion of Common Loon pairs attempting to breed, and the number of large young per pair per year, suggesting that there were fewer pairs, breeding attempts per pair, and large young per pair in years with later ice-off dates. Our results show that ice-off date is an important factor affecting reproduction in Common Loons, and that ice-off dates can be used to help predict annual variations in productivity of Common Loons.
Predictors of Biofilm Biomass in Oligotrophic Headwater Streams

Abstract - Biofilm forms the base of food webs as an autochthonous resource in nutrient-poor, heavily shaded headwater streams. However, we know little about the influence of bottom-up and top-down controls on the standing stock of biofilm biomass in headwater streams. We used spatially extensive stream surveys and pre-existing stream chemistry data to assess the influence of potential bottom-up and top-down controls of biofilm biomass in the oligotrophic headwater streams of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), NH. The potential bottom-up controls we considered were canopy cover and aspect (determinants of available radiation at the stream surface), available nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus), physical habitat characteristics (e.g., stream width, substrate), and physicochemical properties of water (e.g., water conductivity, pH). The potential top-down controls we examined were benthic macroinvertebrate biomass and stream salamander occurrence. Salamanders may affect biofilm biomass indirectly by preying on benthic macroinvertebrate consumers. We used stepwise multiple linear regression to assess the relative importance of these variables in predicting biofilm biomass and found that biofilm increased with light availability (as indicated by canopy cover and aspect), nutrient availability, and lower acidity, suggesting that the autotrophic components of biofilm may be particularly important. Our top-down control indices were unrelated to biofilm biomass; however, more intensive studies on top-down controls are needed in these systems.
Pleura and Peritoneum

Objectives: The prevalence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of pleural effusions (PEs) associated with ovarian cancer (OC) have seldom been addressed systematically, as in the current investigation. Methods: All records of consecutive women with a newly diagnosed OC in our institution over a 13-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Features of PEs on CT scans, pleural fluid analyses, need for definitive therapy of PEs, and the influence of PEs on the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. Results: PEs were observed in 81 (43%) of 189 women with OC, either at presentation of cancer (55 patients) or during the course of the disease (26 patients). The causes of PEs were malignancy (55.5%), unknown (37%), or surgery-related (7.4%). The sensitivity of the cytologic diagnosis of malignant PEs was 79.1%. Sixty percent of malignant PEs required pleurodesis or indwelling pleural catheters for symptomatic relief. The presence of ascites strongly predicted PE development (odds ratio 43.2). Women with PEs fared much worse compared with those without PEs, in terms of OS (26.7 vs. 90.4 months), PFS (9.8 vs. 55.3 months) and tumor recurrences (86.4 vs. 43%). In multivariate analyses, PE remained as a relevant independent variable associated with poor outcome (hazard ratio 9.73 for OS, and 3.87 for PFS). Notably, PEs small enough to preclude tapping, and thus of unknown origin, had a similar bad prognosis as malignant PEs. Conclusions: OC patients with PEs experience decreased survival, including thosewith trace effusions not amenable to tapping.
Recurrence relations for a family of iterations assuming Hölder continuous second order Fréchet derivative

Abstract The semilocal convergence using recurrence relations of a family of iterations for solving nonlinear equations in Banach spaces is established. It is done under the assumption that the second order Fréchet derivative satisfies the Hölder continuity condition. This condition is more general than the usual Lipschitz continuity condition used for this purpose. Examples can be given for which the Lipschitz continuity condition fails but the Hölder continuity condition works on the second order Fréchet derivative. Recurrence relations based on three parameters are derived. A theorem for existence and uniqueness along with the error bounds for the solution is provided. The R-order of convergence is shown to be equal to 3 + q when θ = ±1; otherwise it is 2 + q, where q ∈ (0, 1]. Numerical examples involving nonlinear integral equations and boundary value problems are solved and improved convergence balls are found for them. Finally, the dynamical study of the family of iterations is also carried out.
Longitudinal Functional Study of Murine Aging: A Resource for Future Study Designs

Aging is characterized by systemic declines in tissue and organ functions. Interventions that slow these declines represent promising therapeutics to protect against age‐related disease and improve the quality of life. In this study, several interventions associated with lifespan extension in invertebrates or improvement of age‐related disease were tested in mouse models to determine if they were effective in slowing tissue aging in a broad spectrum of functional assays. Benzoxazole, which extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans, slowed age‐related femoral bone loss in mice. Rates of change were established for clinically significant parameters in untreated mice, including kyphosis, blood glucose, body composition, activity, metabolic measures, and detailed parameters of skeletal aging in bone. These findings have implications for the study of preclinical physiological aging and therapies targeting aging. Finally, an online application was created that includes the calculated rates of change and that enables power and variance to be calculated for many clinically important metrics of aging with an emphasis on bone. This resource will help in future study designs employing novel interventions in aging mice. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Age and Sex Differences in Load‐Induced Tibial Cortical Bone Surface Strain Maps

Bone adapts its architecture to the applied load; however, it is still unclear how bone mechano‐adaptation is coordinated and why potential for adaptation adjusts during the life course. Previous animal models have suggested strain as the mechanical stimulus for bone adaptation, but yet it is unknown how mouse cortical bone load‐related strains vary with age and sex. In this study, full‐field strain maps (at 1 N increments up to 12 N) on the bone surface were measured in young, adult, and old (aged 10, 22 weeks, and 20 months, respectively), male and female C57BL/6J mice with load applied using a noninvasive murine tibial model. Strain maps indicate a nonuniform strain field across the tibial surface, with axial compressive loads resulting in tension on the medial side of the tibia because of its curved shape. The load‐induced surface strain patterns and magnitudes show sexually dimorphic changes with aging. A comparison of the average and peak tensile strains indicates that the magnitude of strain at a given load generally increases during maturation, with tibias in female mice having higher strains than in males. The data further reveal that postmaturation aging is linked to sexually dimorphic changes in average and maximum strains. The strain maps reported here allow for loading male and female C57BL/6J mouse legs in vivo at the observed ages to create similar increases in bone surface average or peak strain to more accurately explore bone mechano‐adaptation differences with age and sex. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cross-regional analysis of banking efficiency drivers

ABSTRACT The banking industry plays a crucial role in any economy by providing diverse services aimed at enhancing economic growth. In recent decades, this sector has been transformed due to financial liberalization and new regulatory rules. Therefore, measuring the efficiency of banking institutions is critically important to identify the evolution of efficiency drivers for banks. Based on a sample of 90 individual banks from four different world regions (Europe, US, China, and India), this paper conducts data envelopment, stochastic frontier and anova analyses to measure cost efficiency over a 15-year period (2002–2016). While the overall liberalization of financial markets seems to induce a convergence among efficiency strategies privileging cost minimization to improve efficiency, the existence of state intervention in China and India nuances our results. State owned banks base their efficiency more on maximization of their potential revenue than on controlling costs. On the contrary, their private peers are more similar to Western peers.
A synthetic equation for storage function model parameter estimation based on kinematic wave approximation

ABSTRACT The storage function model (SFM) is a rainfall–runoff model widely used in Korea for flood forecasting and warning systems. The traditional equations for parameter estimation are based on observed data under limited conditions, and so it is difficult to sensitively consider the factors affecting actual runoff. The aim of this study is to develop synthetic equations for SFM parameter estimation that are useful for ungauged watersheds, through 35 000 applications of the distributed kinematic wave model (KWM) for virtual watersheds. The parameter estimation equation developed in this study was applied to 101 observed events of 16 basins in Korea. We obtained satisfactory results from the application of a synthetic equation to actual basins. That is to say, the peak flood volume simulated by the equation was comparable with the observed volume. The relative error (RE), mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and percent bias (PBIAS) were used as criteria to evaluate the performance of the equation. For the results, RE and MAPE were within 10%, and PBIAS was within 15%.
Do gender-diverse boards over-invest in corporate social responsibility (CSR)?

Abstract This study investigates the influence of “board gender diversity” on corporate social responsibility (CSR) over-investment and the extent of CSR reporting. The data are collected from listed companies in Mauritius for the period of 2007–2016. Content analysis is used to quantify CSR reporting in annual reports. The main finding of this study is that gender-diverse boards are associated with higher levels of CSR reporting and also with companies spending beyond the mandated requirements. This study also finds that firm size is positively associated with CSR reporting and CSR over-investment. There is no association between profitability and CSR reporting and particular industries have no impact on such relationship. The paper is among the first to consider CSR over-investment measured using objective criteria. The paper contributes to the scant literature on gender diversity in emerging economies. The findings have implications for companies and policy makers. For companies, it shows the importance of having gender-diverse boards to meet the CSR information needs of stakeholders and the expectations of society in general. Policy makers can use the findings when drafting regulations regarding board composition.
Evaluation of a stochastic weather generator for long-term ensemble streamflow forecasts

ABSTRACT Resampling historical time series remains one of the main approaches used to generate long-term probabilistic streamflow forecasts, while there is a need to develop more flexible approaches taking into account non-stationarities. One possible approach is to use a modelling chain consisting of a stochastic weather generator and a hydrological model. However, the ability of this modelling chain to generate adequate probabilistic streamflows must first be evaluated. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of a stochastic weather generator against resampling historical meteorological time series in order to produce ensemble streamflow forecasts. The comparison framework is based on 30 years of forecasts for a single Canadian watershed. Forecasts resulting from the two methods are evaluated using the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) and rank histograms. Results indicate that while there are differences between the methods, they nevertheless perform similarly, thus showing that weather generators can be used as substitutes for resampling the historical past.
Recurrent neutropenia and chronic diarrhea following thymectomy: the good, the bad, and the ugly

ABSTRACT Good syndrome (GS) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome seen before or after diagnosis of thymoma, and its treatment, and is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia. Rarely, pure white cell aplasia (PWCA) can also be seen which can present as recurrent neutropenia. We describe a 64-year-old man with recurrent sinus infections and previous thymectomy for stage 1 type B2 thymoma presenting with chronic diarrhea and recurrent neutropenia necessitating serial hospitalizations despite repeated antimicrobial treatment. Immunoglobulin levels, including IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE were undetectable. Flow cytometry also showed absent B cells. Patient was initiated on immunoglobulin replacement therapy with consequent significant clinical improvement. Despite thymectomy, patients can develop thymoma-associated paraneoplastic syndromes, including GS.
Culturally responsive teaching: beliefs of pre-service teachers in the Viennese context

ABSTRACT This study aims to contribute to the discussion of culturally responsive teacher education by asking pre-service teachers’ beliefs about their readiness, strengths and needs to teach in culturally diverse classrooms. Participants were pre-service teachers (N = 453) studying in three different teacher education institutions in Vienna via a questionnaire including both open-ended and close-ended questions as the data collection instrument. Quantitative findings show that pre-service teachers hold a fair level of readiness in several skills for responding to culturally diverse classrooms, while qualitative findings present the pre-service teachers’ deep trust in their characteristics and their personal attitude to cultural diversity as their strengths. Findings also show that pre-service teachers are challenged with two issues: anxiety about their own poor cross-cultural knowledge and their prospective students’ poor language skills. The study also reaches the suggestions of pre-service teachers to teacher education programs about how to become more culturally responsive.
Brain metastasis or nocardiosis? A case report of central nervous system Nocardiosis with a review of the literature

ABSTRACT Nocardiosis is an infection caused by the gram-positive bacterium Nocardia, which typically manifests as an isolated pulmonary or systemic disease. Of note, Nocardia has a predilection for the central nervous system (CNS) involvement, which is more commonly seen in systemic nocardiosis rather than as an isolated CNS infection. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the estimated incidence of nocardiosis is only 500 to1000 cases in the USA every year, with cases mostly found in immunocompromised people, although infection in the immunocompetent may also occur. Here, we present a case of an immunocompromised patient who presented with neurologic symptoms and intracranial lesions initially concerning metastatic disease. Upon further investigation, the patient was found to have CNS nocardiosis with bacteremia. This is an extremely rare presentation given the lack of concurrent pulmonary and cutaneous involvement. The insidious onset and rarity of nocardiosis can result in a delayed or missed diagnosis. Early recognition is crucial as this is a potentially life-threatening illness. After obtaining adequate culture specimens, empiric treatment must be started expeditiously, keeping in mind the diversity of the Nocardia species and their antimicrobial resistance patterns.
Why public employees manipulate performance data: prosocial impact, job stress, and red tape

Abstract While research on the dysfunctional uses of performance data is growing, we are still in search of theories that go beyond system-specific explanations and address data manipulation behavior at the level of the employee. In this article, we conceptualize different gaming responses to performance systems and test a model of performance cheating that emphasizes the critical role of employees’ prosocial impact, their job stress, and organizations’ red tape. We screen through a sample of almost 10,000 potential subjects and identify 964 public employees who work with performance data. Conducting a list experiment, a technique known to yield unbiased ratings of sensitive behaviors, we find that all three factors tend to reinforce performance cheating among public employees. The article contributes to the extension of causal chains in performance gaming theory via the inclusion of factors that have proven to be influential in behavioral research.
Clomiphene- induced pulmonary embolism

ABSTRACT Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis are a major cause of hospitalization and cause high mortality. Several risk factors, such as smoking, immobilization, cancer, trauma, OCPs, pregnancy, and surgery, have already been identified. The diagnosis of PE can sometimes rely on high clinical suspicion. We report a case of a young 31-year-old male with no known risk factors, who developed a PE after 5 months of clomiphene therapy.
Impostor syndrome in hospitalists- a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Impostor syndrome (IS) is a psychological phenomenon in which highly successful people are plagued with self-doubt. Its prevalence in hospitalists and effects of mentoring programs are unknown. We surveyed 71 hospitalists at one hospital for symptoms of IS using the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS). Mean CIPS score was 53.82 (±17.1). Twenty-four participants (33.8%) had IP scores >60, indicating impostor syndrome. There was no difference in score for men and women (56.70 versus 53.02, p = 0.35). Non-white hospitalists had lower rates of impostor syndrome compared to white hospitalists (25% versus 43%, p = 0.002). Impostors had no difference in years as a hospitalist compared to non-impostors (6.96 versus 6.62 years, p = 0.81). Hospitalists with mentors compared to those without had no difference in rates of impostor syndrome (40% versus 34.1%, p = 0.88). The prevalence of impostor syndrome is similar in hospitalists to other professions. A voluntary mentoring program was not associated with lower prevalence.
The Development of the Framework for Research Ethics in Terrorism Studies (FRETS)

ABSTRACT This article introduces readers to the Framework for Research Ethics in Terrorism Studies (FRETS). FRETS has been developed to assist IRB/HREC chairs and reviewers in completing reviews of terrorism studies ethics proposals, in as objective a manner as possible. The framework consists of a series of yes/no questions for chairs and reviewers to answer before completing their reviews. These questions are divided into six different sections: participant’s right’s, safety and vulnerability; informed consent; confidentiality and anonymity; researcher’s right’s, safety and vulnerability; data storage and security-sensitive materials; and the ethical review process. This framework was developed as a result of critical analysis of the literature in terrorism research and analogous fields.
Buffer-aided relaying: a survey on relay selection policies

: Ever since the idea of buffers was incorporated in wireless communications, buffer-aided relaying has become an emerging breakthrough in the world of transmitting and receiving signals. Equipping the relays with buffers adds a new degree of freedom capable of enhancing numerous Quality-of-Service (QoS) metrics including throughput, outage probability, power efﬁ-ciency and physical-layer security. The QoS enhancement is achieved by compromising the end-to-end delay that is inﬂicted by storing the packets in the relays’ buffers until a suitable source-relay or relay-destination link is selected. In this context, the selection of a relay for transmission/reception is important since it governs the QoS-delay trade-off that can be contemplated. In this survey, we review and analyze various link selection protocols in buffer-aided relaying systems. These relaying strategies are categorized and contrasted according to their performance levels, limitations, applications, system model assumptions and complexity. Finally, we discuss current challenges, and highlight future research directions.