Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The determinant of National Vitamin A supplementation in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in many low-income countries including Ethiopia. Globally, the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is estimated to be 190 million among children under-five age causing one up to two million deaths annually.Its periodic supply is a major intervention program to reduce the morbidity, mortality, and blindness among the children in Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine associated factors of national vitamin A supplementationamong children aged 6-59 monthsusing the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data. Methods: A population based cross-sectional study design wasperformed to determine factors associated with the vitamin A supplyamong children aged between 6 and 59 monthswithin the last six months before the start of the survey. A univariateanalysis, bivariate analysis, binary logistic regression, and generalized linear mixed effect model were appliedto analyze the data. Results: After adjusting for covariates; the odds of taking vitamin A supply were 1.3 times, 1.7 times, and 1.8 times higher among the women who had two, three, and four and above antenatal care visits, respectively. The mothers’ employment status, health cheek up after their delivery,and theirhealth facility delivery were positively influence the uptake of the vitamin A capsule. In addition,women residing in the communities with high proportion of the media exposure[AOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio) = 1.17 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.37)]were positively associated with the receipt of vitamin A capsule.Random effects indicated that the variation on the uptake of vitamin A supplementation between the communities was statistically significant in all stage of the models. Conclusions: The individual and community level characteristics had a significant influence on the uptake of vitamin A supplementation. Therefore, these factors should be considered in policy formulation and programming in order to improve the coverage of vitamin A supplementation in Ethiopia. Keywords: Vitamin A supply, associated factors, multilevellogistic regression analysis, Ethiopia
Building Information Modelling: empowering energy conscious design

The increasing awareness of climate change and carbon dioxide emissions from the built environment is resulting in the need to visualize the environmental performance of buildings. One of the recent drivers in the UK has been the tightening of building regulations relating to energy consumption in buildings, mandating all buildings to be performance evaluated by accredited environmental simulation tools to test their carbon dioxide emission against set targets. Currently there is major confusion on all levels from architects to building control officers and contractors on how to engrain energy consciousness principles in the design and construction of buildings. Within this context, ‘Building Information Modelling’ that is linked to ‘Building Performance Modelling’ is increasingly being looked upon as a tool to facilitate the communication between the design team and contractors and to provide a transparent information model on the specification and targeted energy consumption of all new/ refurbished buildings to all parties involved. In this paper, analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of current efforts to combine those two comprehensive databases will be investigated. A sample of main software development companies, architects and contractors, using semi-structured interviews is undertaken to find out how Building Integrated Modelling (BIM) and Building Performance Modelling (BPM) can support the design and construction teams to deliver energy conscious buildings.
Point grinding and electrolytic point grinding of Udimet 720

The work within this Thesis is concerned with the manufacturing processes associated with the production of blade root mounting slots in aeroengine compressor and turbine discs. Typically slots are of dovetail or fir-tree geometry dependent on specific design requirements. The state of the art process across the industry is broaching however, despite achieving required geometrical tolerances and surface integrity for decades the process is not without its disadvantages. Primarily these include the inflexibility of the process, machine tool cost; size and cutting forces, complexity of tooling and set up and further the limited level of control of the process beyond tooling design. This has led to research into alternative processes across a range of conventional and non-conventional manufacturing techniques. Work presented here focuses on two key technology areas, namely point grinding and electrolytic point grinding. The former applies small diameter single layer grinding wheels on a high speed machining centre with spindle capability in the region of 60,000rpm. Target geometry was a complex fir-tree root form requiring dimensional control to within +/- 5um and a surface integrity in line with critical aerospace components. The later process investigated the unification of point grinding and electrochemical machining on a vertical machining centre to assess process performance across a range of variables.
Report de technologie SOI-CMOS sur substrat flexible : une approche convergente vers les hautes fréquences et la stabilité des performances sous déformation mécanique

Le developpement de nombreuses applications nomades, souples, deformables et sur de larges surfaces necessite la realisation de circuits mecaniquement flexibles, integrant des capacites d‘interaction avec l‘environnement, de communication et de traitement de signal. Une part importante de ces applications provient actuellement de l‘industrie de l‘electronique organique, ou integre des films semiconducteurs a forte mobilite sur des substrats plastiques afin d‘atteindre de meilleures performances. La combinaison de hautes performances electroniques (ondes millimetriques, faible bruit), et d‘une bonne flexibilite mecanique avec la stabilite des proprietes electroniques lors de deformations represente un des grands defis de l‘electronique future. Lors de ces travaux, une procedure d‘amincissement puis de transfert sur un film plastique des composants CMOS initiallement realises conventionnellement sur des tranches SOI (silicium sur isolant) a ete developpee. Cette solution permet la realisation de transistors MOS flexibles et performants : possedant des frequences caracteristiques fT/fmax de 150/160GHz et des performances en bruit NFmin/Ga de 0.57/17.8dB. De plus, positionner le plan neutre de l‘ensemble au niveau de la couche active du transistor permet de reduire les variations de proprietes electroniques a 5% meme lors de deformations agressives. La realisation de composants souples, performants et stable a ainsi ete demontree.
Demystifying User’s Attachment of Smartphone Apps: A Value Orientation Perspective

Abstract This study aims to understand how features of an app can enhance smartphone app retention behavior among its users. Based on the literature review five features (relationship features, self-congruity, presentation style, novelty, and social connection) have been identified to influence the app self-connection, and app self-prominence, which in turn, eventually predict the affective commitment and behavioral attachment (i.e. word of mouth) of the app users. From a value orientation perspective, apps can be classified under three categories, namely, (i) Utilitarian apps, (ii) Hedonic apps, and (iii) Social network sites apps based on their usage and functionality. To enhance the generalizability of the study, data were collected from 750 active app users, i.e. 250 respondents from each category and a multi-group invariance analysis was performed to determine the significant effect of each category of apps on app retention behavior. The empirical results of the analysis highlighted the differential values exhibited by these five app features across three categories of smartphone apps. The findings escort the app-based marketers, and app developers to have a more sophisticated understanding of the respective category app features for desired business outcomes. The uniqueness of the present study is highlighted in its proposed integral framework that conceptualizes specific features of an app that the marketers can focus on to develop better-designed apps the users want.
Extending the Technology Acceptance Model using perceived user resources in higher education web-based online learning courses

The purpose of this research was to examine students’ acceptance of the World Wide Web Course Tools (WebCT) online learning system. The Perceived Resources and Technology Acceptance Model (PRATAM) was created based on previous research to address the factors of perceived resources, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude toward using, behavioral intention to use and actual system use. The aim for this research was to investigate the critical determinants and provide the causal relationships regarding students’ acceptance behaviors when using WebCT. While institutions are expecting to adopt online learning to reach more students, there are still many challenges for institutions to retain students in their online courses. The literature review conducted in this research indicated that the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has successfully explained students’ behaviors when they use educational information systems. In addition, the additional perceived resources variable in the PRATAM also showed a significant influence on the other belief and intention variables. The study analyzed a total of 115 students responses in two surveys administered during two WebCT based courses taught at a large southeastern public university. The beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behavioral constructs of PRATAM showed significant goodness-of-fit indices and coefficient of determination after analyzing the data in both iii surveys. However, the results indicated several exceptions on PRATAM’s constructs and causal relationships. First, the path coefficient between perceived resources to behavioral intention to use in both pre-test and post-test were insignificant. Second, the path coefficient between behavioral intention to use and actual system use in pre-test was insignificant. Third, the path coefficient between perceived resources and perceived usefulness in post-test were insignificant. In addition, the research also suggested an additional link between perceived ease of use and behavioral intention to use at the pretest data. Overall, this research validated the influences of PRATAM’s constructs factors to students’ acceptance behaviors toward WebCT. The findings of this research could provide a guideline for future implementations of online learning systems in higher education.
Place Branding and Place Surrogacy: The Making of the Masdar Cluster in Abu Dhabi

The literature on cluster development almost unanimously regard ‘clusters’ as the co-location of businesses along a supply-chain ultimately culminating in the territorial concentration of certain economic activities. This paper presents a different strategy of cluster development, the renewable energy cluster in Abu Dhabi known as Masdar, which is based on the twin-strategy of ‘Place Branding’ and ‘Place Surrogacy’. The Masdar experience presents an interesting approach to cluster development that involves planting the seeds of a local renewables industry overseas (through making investment and engaging in worldwide place branding activities) whilst preparing the minds and ground for its eventual transplantation back home when conditions for the transfer are suitable. Such a ‘spin-in’ based surrogacy model of cluster development, which is yet to prove its success, differs from the conventional wisdom with regard to the importance of both start-up and spin-offs during cluster emergence.
Numerical Simulations of Docol 600 DL Steel Plates Subject to Blast Loading

The main objective in this study was to investigate how the deformation of Docol 600 DL steel plates subject to blast loading can be accurately recreated with different numerical simulations. An initial experiment was undertaken employing a gas gun to simulate the blast loads. The experiments failed to properly emulate a proper blast load, but the experiment served as an initial benchmark for calibration of the numerical models. Focus shifted on to simulating experiments performed at Raufoss in 2010 by Rakvag. Experiments on quadratic 400mm by 400mm, 2mm thick Docol 600 DL steel plates were performed for standoffs at 300mm, 400mm, 450mm and 550mm. Material models for the steel plates were determined from previous work done at SIMLab. Numerical simulations in LS-DYNA and IMPETUS were utilized with a pure Lagrangian approach, an uncoupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach, a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian and a discrete particle method. The pure Lagrangian simulations were based on data from the CONWEP standard, thus it failed to properly describe the charge geometry and consequently misrepresented the properties of the blast load. The uncoupled and coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian simulations properly described the charge geometry, but a requirement of a sufficiently fine discretization of the Eulerian mesh rendered full 3D simulations with a high computational demand. A 2D to 3D mapping technique in the Eulerian domain was successfully completed to reduce the computational time. The discrete particle approach yielded the most accurate results while being the easiest to define numerically. Employing the different numerical techniques revealed that the main source of error in recreating expected deformation lies in the capability of properly describing the blast load conditions.
Yaw Motion Cues in Helicopter Simulation

A piloted simulation that examined the effects of yaw motion cues on pilot-vehicle performance, pilot workload, and pilot motion perception was conducted on the NASA Ames Vertical Motion Simulator. The vehicle model that was used represented an AH-64 helicopter. Three tasks were performed in which only combinations of vehicle yaw and vertical displacement were allowed. The commands issued to the motion platform were modified to present the following four motion configurations for a pilot located forward of the center of rotation: (1) only the linear translations, (2) only the angular rotation, (3) both the linear translations and the angular rotation, and (4) no motion. The objective data indicated that pilot-vehicle performance was reduced and the necessary control activity increased when linear motion was removed; however, the lack of angular rotation did not result in a measured degradation for almost all cases. Also, pilots provided subjective assessments of their compensation required, the motion fidelity, and their judgment of whether or not linear or rotational cockpit motion was present. Ratings of compensation and fidelity were affected only by linear acceleration, and the rotational motion had no significant impact. Also, when only linear motion was present, pilots typically reported the presence of rotation. Thus, linear acceleration cues, not yaw rotational cues, appear necessary to simulate hovering flight.
Mapping the Spatial Distribution of Poverty Using Satellite Imagery in Thailand

The “leave no one behind” principle of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development requires appropriate indicators for different segments of a country’s population. This entails detailed, granular data on population groups that extend beyond national trends and averages. The Asian Development Bank (ADB), in collaboration with the National Statistical Office of Thailand and the Word Data Lab, conducted a feasibility study to enhance the granularity, cost-effectiveness, and compilation of high-quality poverty statistics in Thailand. This report documents the results of the study, providing insights on data collection requirements, advanced algorithmic techniques, and validation of poverty estimates using artificial intelligence to complement traditional data sources and conventional survey methods.
Integrins Alpha-2 and Beta-1 expression increases through Multiple Generations of the EDW01 Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Breast Cancer – Markers but not Drivers of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition

Background: Breast cancers acquire aggressive capabilities via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which various integrins/integrin linked kinase signalling are upregulated. Methods: We investigated this in two patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) developed from breast-to-bone metastases, and it’s functional significance in a breast cancer cell line system. ED03 and EDW01 PDXs were grown subcutaneously in immunocompromised SCID mice through 11 passages and 7 passages, respectively. Tumour tissue was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, E-cadherin, vimentin, Twist1, beta-catenin, P120-RasGAP, CD44, CD24 and Ki67, and RT-qPCR of EMT-related factors (CDH1, VIM, CD44, CD24), integrins beta-1 (ITGB1), alpha-2 (ITGA2) and ILK. Integrin and ILK expression in epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced EMT of the PMC42-ET breast cancer cell line was assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, as were the effects of their transient knockdown via small interfering RNA +/- EGF. Cell migration, changes in cell morphology and adhesion of siRNA-transfected PMC42-ET cells to various extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates was assessed.Results: The ED03 (ER+/PR-/HER2-/lobular) and EDW01 (ER+/PR-/HER2-/ductal) PDXs were both classified as molecular subtype luminal A. ED03 xenografts exhibited mutated E-cadherin with minimal expression, but remained vimentin-negative across all passages. In EDW01, the hypoxic indicator gene CAIX and Twist1 were co-ordinately upregulated at passage 4-5, corresponding with a decrease in E-cadherin. At passages 6-7, vimentin was upregulated along with ITGB1 and ITGA2, consistent with an increasing EMT. The ED03 PDX displayed minimal change over passages in mice, for all genes examined. ILK, ITGB1 and ITGA2 were also increased in the EGF-induced EMT of PMC42-ET cells (in which E-cadherin was downregulated) although siRNA against these targets revealed that this induction was not necessary for the observed EMT. However, their knockdown significantly reduced EMT-associated adhesion and Transwell migration.Conclusion: Our data suggest that despite an increase in integrins alpha-2 and beta-1 gene expression in the EMT exhibited by EDW01 PDX over multiple generations, this pathway may not necessarily drive the EMT process.
Implementation scenarios and predicted performance of the Twente Photoacoustic Mammoscope as an alternative imaging modality in breast cancer diagnosis

The purpose of this study is to predict the future performance of the Twente Photoacoustic Mammoscope (PAM), and to identify different implementation scenarios based on this performance. PAM is a recently developed breast imaging device that makes use of photoacoustics. Criteria that are important in the design of a diagnostic breast cancer imaging device are identified, and these criteria are translated into design goals for further development of PAM. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis has been used to identify the relative importance of design criteria, and to identify the relative performance of four different breast cancer imaging techniques: X-ray mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and PAM. The currently used breast imaging techniques are used at different stages in the diagnostic track for breast cancer, two different AHP analyses have been carried out to determine the most optimal stage for PAM. House of Quality analysis is used to translate the implementation criteria into technical improvement goals for PAM. Because of the early developmental phase of PAM, there is some uncertainty about its future performance. This uncertainty has been assimilated into a sensitivity analysis from which different scenarios of the performance of PAM result. The most important criterion in the design of a diagnostic breast imaging device is sensitivity. Factors that mainly determine the performance on sensitivity are the visualization of mass margins, mass shape and vascularization. To improve the performance of PAM with respect to these factors, the quality of the reconstruction algorithm, detector sensitivity, detector bandwidth and number of wavelengths used in PAM should be improved. From the overall performance on the costs, effectiveness, patient comfort and safety/risks criteria assessed, it can be concluded that PAM will be the most preferred alternative. This is true for all scenarios that result from the uncertainty analysis, except for the most negative scenario, in which MRI is preferred slightly over PAM. When implemented for diagnostic use, PAM can best be positioned at the start of the diagnostic track, as a substitute for the combined use of X-ray mammography and ultrasound. This research has shown that the AHP method is useful to provide guidelines for the most promising area of application for which a new technology can be implemented. It will be helpful if all participants have the same basic level of understanding about the technology that is assessed, for future research it is therefore recommended to focus on an efficient way of knowledge sharing before the AHP is carried out.
Confirmatin of oak recruitment failure in Indiana old-growth forest: 75 years of data

We report on a long-term study of changes in the diameter distribution of red and white oaks in old-growth forest of Indiana. We expand the scope of a prior 50-year demographic study of a 20.6-ha stand by (1) extending the census period, (2) comparing diameter distributions in the large stand with those of a smaller (2.3-ha) stand, and (3) examining small-diameter ingrowth of red oaks into both stands. Oaks displayed bell-shaped or even-aged diameter distributions in 1926, suggesting a history of disturbance from timber removal, grazing, and fire. These exogenous disturbances were suppressed starting in 1917 with acquisition of the property by Purdue University. Subsequent censuses indicated considerable ingrowth of nonoak stems into both stands. Oaks that were mid-sized in 1926 gradually moved through the size classes and were replaced by younger individuals in the small stand but not in the center of the large stand. The survey of red oak saplings confirmed this pattern, revealing numerous recruits in the small stand but virtually none in the large stand. These data support the view that oaks are failing to regenerate in part due to shade-intolerance and a waning disturbance regime in the large stand interior. FOR . S CI. 51(5):406 - 416.
Public Opinion Toward Artificial Intelligence

This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of AI Governance synthesizes and discusses research on public opinion toward artificial intelligence (AI). Understanding citizens' and consumers' attitudes toward AI is important from a normative standpoint because the public is a major stakeholder in shaping the future of the technology and should have a voice in policy discussions. Furthermore, the research could help us anticipate future political and consumer behavior. Survey data worldwide show that the public is increasingly aware of AI; however, they -- unlike AI researchers -- tend to anthropomorphize AI. Demographic differences correlate with trust in AI in the abstract: those living in East Asia have higher levels of trust in AI, while women and those of lower socioeconomic status across different regions have lower levels of trust. Surveys that focus on particular AI applications, including facial recognition technology, personalization algorithms, lethal autonomous weapons, and workplace automation, add complexity to this research topic. I conclude this chapter by recommending four new topics for future studies: 1) institutional trust in actors building and deploying AI systems, 2) the impact of knowledge and experience on attitudes toward AI, 3) heterogeneity in attitudes toward AI, and 4) the relationship between attitudes and behavior.