Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weighted subsequence sums in finite Abelian Groups

A well-known result of Erdős-Ginzburg-Ziv [32] says that, given a sequence S of 2n− 1 integers, there is a subsequence S ′ of S with length n such that the sum of the terms of S ′ is zero modulo n. Let G be an abelian group of order n, written additively. In [8] we have proved the following result : Theorem 1.1 Let G be a finite abelian group of order n, k a positive integer and 0 denote the identity element of G. Let (w1, w2, · · · , wk) be a sequence of integers where each wi is co-prime to n. Then, given a sequence S : (x1, x2, · · · , xk+r) of elements of G, where 1 ≤ r ≤ n− 1, if 0 is the most repeated element in S and k ∑ i=1 wixσ(i) 6= 0, for all permutations σ of [k + r], we have ∣∣∣∣ { k ∑ i=1 wixσ(i) : σ is a permutation of [k + r] ∣∣∣∣ ≥ r + 1. Here, for a positive integer m, the notation [m] is used for the set {1, 2, · · · ,m}. Given a finite non-empty subset A of integers, a sequence (x1, x2, · · · , xl) of elements ofG is said to be an A-weighted zero-sum sequence if ∑l i=1 aixi = 0, for some ai ∈ A.
A Guide to Perform 3D Histology of Biological Tissues with Fluorescence Microscopy

The analysis of histological alterations in all types of tissue is of primary importance in pathology for highly accurate and robust diagnosis. Recent advances in tissue clearing and fluorescence microscopy made the study of the anatomy of biological tissue possible in three dimensions. The combination of these techniques with classical hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining has led to the birth of three-dimensional (3D) histology. Here, we present an overview of the state-of-the-art methods, highlighting the optimal combinations of different clearing methods and advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques for the investigation of all types of biological tissues. We employed fluorescence nuclear and eosin Y staining that enabled us to obtain hematoxylin and eosin pseudo-coloring comparable with the gold standard H&E analysis. The computational reconstructions obtained with 3D optical imaging can be analyzed by a pathologist without any specific training in volumetric microscopy, paving the way for new biomedical applications in clinical pathology.
Pay Attention via Quantization: Enhancing Explainability of Neural Networks via Quantized Activation

Modern deep learning algorithms comprise highly complex artificial neural networks, making it extremely difficult for humans to track their inference processes. As the social implementation of deep learning progresses, the human and economic losses caused by inference errors are becoming increasingly problematic, making it necessary to develop methods to explain the basis for the decisions of deep learning algorithms. Although an attention mechanism-based method to visualize the regions that contribute to steering angle prediction in an automated driving task has been proposed, its explanatory capability is low. In this paper, we focus on the fact that the importance of each bit in the activation value of a network is biased (i.e., the sign and exponent bits are weighted more heavily than the mantissa bits), which has been overlooked in previous studies. Specifically, this paper quantizes network activations, encouraging important information to be aggregated to the sign bit. Further, we introduce an attention mechanism restricted to the sign bit to improve the explanatory power. Our numerical experiment using the Udacity dataset revealed that the proposed method achieves a $1.14\times $ higher area under curve (AUC) in terms of the deletion metric.
Constructing a simulated udder for neonatal piglets as an alternative to nurse sows

ABSTRACT An incubator with a simulated udder was constructed using information on piglet-sensory stimuli preferences. Neonatal piglets were randomly assigned to water in troughs (n = 38), milk-replacer (n = 36) or bovine-colostrum in simulated udder (n = 39). Weight was measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours, and rectal temperature at 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 8 hours. An interaction between time and treatment affected weight change (P < 0.001), where all piglets lost weight during the first hour. , Piglets with access to water continued loosing weight (82.1 ± 32.8 g over 8 h), milk-replacer-piglets gained 88.6 ± 53.2 g and bovine-colostrum-piglets gained 55.7 ± 66.5 g over 8 h. Overall, piglets with access to the simulated udder gained weight during their first eight hours postpartum. An interaction between temperature at first handling and time (P < 0.001) as well as an interaction between time and treatment (P < 0.001) affected temperature. Further development of the method could reduce the need for nurse sows.
A Statistical Method for Reducing Sidelobe Clutter for the Ku-Band Precipitation Radar on Board the GPM Core Observatory

AbstractA statistical method to reduce the sidelobe clutter of the Ku-band precipitation radar (KuPR) of the Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on board the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory is described and evaluated using DPR observations. The KuPR sidelobe clutter was much more severe than that of the Precipitation Radar on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and it has caused the misidentification of precipitation. The statistical method to reduce sidelobe clutter was constructed by subtracting the estimated sidelobe power, based upon a multiple regression model with explanatory variables of the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) of surface, from the received power of the echo. The saturation of the NRCS at near-nadir angles, resulting from strong surface scattering, was considered in the calculation of the regression coefficients.The method was implemented in the KuPR algorithm and applied to KuPR-observed data. It was found that the received power fro.
Televised Tears: Artifice and Ambivalence in Islamic Preaching

Abstract:The practice of feigning weeping in devotional contexts, including in hortatory preaching, is closely associated in Egypt with Islamic Revivalism. It is an expression of pious humility through which worshippers pretend to cry in order to (ideally) develop the embodied capacity to shed tears in the future. Secular Egyptians tend to dismiss such weeping as insincere, but so, too, do many participants in the piety movement in a specific context: on-camera weeping. Drawing on fieldwork with Islamic television preachers and their followers in Cairo, this article explores how the mass-mediated artifice of preacherly weeping provokes expressions of religious ambivalence about an otherwise authoritative ritual practice. While televised tears facilitate the sense of intimacy that many viewers identify as key to their religious adherence, the preacher's lachrymose passion as dramaturgical enskillment coexists uneasily with the pious discipline of sincere self-cultivation. Understanding why this is so illuminates the changing criteria for ritual aptness in a mass media age.
Asymptotic analysis of first passage processes : with applications to animal movement

Understanding the dependence of animal behaviour on resource distribution is a central problem in mathematical ecology. In a habitat, the distribution of food resources and their accessibility from an animal’s location together with the search time involved in foraging, all govern the survival of a species. In this work, we investigate various scenarios that affect foraging habits of animals in a landscape. The work, unlike previous studies, analyzes the first passage quantities on complex prey-predator distributions in a given domain in order to derive simple analytical problems that can readily be solved numerically. We use standard stochastic models such as the Kolmogorov equations of first passage times and splitting probability, to model both the foraging time of a predator and the chances of survival of prey on a landscape with prey and predator patches. We obtain an asymptotic solution to these Kolmogorov equations using a hybrid asymptotic-numerical singular perturbation technique that utilizes the fact that the ratio of the size of prey patches is small in comparison to the overall landscape. Results from this hybrid approach are then verified by undertaking full numerical simulations of the governing partial differential equations of the first passage processes. By using this hybrid formulation we identify the underlying parameters that affect the search time of a predator and splitting probability of prey, which are otherwise difficult to ascertain using only numerical tools. This analytical understanding of how parameters influence the first passage processes is a key step in quantifying foraging behavior in model ecological systems.
The A_2 theorem with the Dini condition

Let $T$ be an $L^2$-bounded operator having an $\omega$-Calder\'on--Zygmund kernel $K$ with a modulus of continuity $\omega$. If $\omega$ satisfied the Dini condition $\int_0^1\omega(t)\ud t/t<\infty$, then $T$ satisfies the $A_2$ theorem $$ \Norm{Tf}{L^2(w)}\lesssim [w]_{A_2}\Norm{f}{L^2(w)} $$ and many related estimates, as a consequence of a domination by dyadic operators.
IceCube searches for neutrinos from dark matter annihilations in the Sun and cosmic accelerators

The IceCube neutrino observatory is a cubic kilometre-sized Cherenkov detector embedded deep within the glacial ice at the South Pole. It was completed in 2011 and has been gathering data in its full configuration ever since. A central, more densely instrumented sub-detector array known as DeepCore, lowers the neutrino energy threshold of the detector down to 10 GeV. This work summarizes IceCube searches for extraterrestrial point-like sources of neutrinos originating from two different processes, the pair annihilation of gravitationally trapped Dark Matter and interactions of Cosmic Rays at their acceleration sites. Non overlapping samples of events dominated by muon neutrino charged current interactions from atmospheric neutrinos were isolated from 1019 days of operation of IceCube-DeepCore. Atmospheric muon contamination was lowered in comparison to previous searches using innovative veto techniques. An unbinned maximum likelihood ratio method was used to look for an excess of GeV neutrinos in the direction of the Sun among atmospheric neutrinos and muons.Sensitivity towards signals from WIMP annihilations in the Sun was further boosted by using event energy information for events contained within DeepCore. No statistically significant excess was found. Constraints were placed on the muon flux from the Sun, which can also be interpreted as constraints on the WIMP-Nucleon scattering cross section. For spin-dependent scattering, these constraints are the strongest ever, and are stronger than previous constraints from IceCube by an order of magnitude for high WIMP masses. The interpretations of these constraints on some theoretical scenarios of DarkMatter are explored. The unbinned maximum likelihood ratio method has also been used to carry out stacking searches for astrophysical neutrino emissions from catalogs of Galactic supernova remnants,starburst galaxies, galaxy clusters, active galactic nuclei within the Greisen Zatsepin Kuzmin horizon as well as the arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. A search was also carried out for periodic neutrino emission from known Galactic binary systems. No statistically significant excess was found. Constraints are placed on the fraction of the contribution from each class of sources towards the IceCube astrophysical flux, as well as on theoretical flux predictions for specific catalogs.
Week Quarters

Many firms define their fiscal quarters as 13-week periods. For these firms each fiscal year contains 52 weeks, which leaves out one/two day(s) a year. To compensate, one extra week is added to every fifth/sixth year; consequently, one quarter therein comprises 14 weeks. We find evidence of predictable stock returns and forecast errors in 14-week quarters, which suggests that investors and analysts do not, on average, adjust their expectations for the extra week. The ease with which 14-week quarters can be predicted, and expectations adjusted, suggests a surprising lack of effort on the part of investors and analysts.
Assimilation of Synthetic GOES-R ABI Infrared Brightness Temperatures and WSR-88D Radar Observations in a High-Resolution OSSE

AbstractThis study uses an observing system simulation experiment to explore the impact of assimilating GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) 6.95-μm brightness temperatures and Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) reflectivity and radial velocity observations in an ensemble data assimilation system. A high-resolution truth simulation was used to create synthetic radar and satellite observations of a severe weather event that occurred across the U.S. central plains on 4–5 June 2005. The experiment employs the Weather Research and Forecasting Model at 4-km horizontal grid spacing and the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter algorithm in the Data Assimilation Research Testbed system. The ability of GOES-R ABI brightness temperatures to improve the analysis and forecast accuracy when assimilated separately or simultaneously with Doppler radar reflectivity and radial velocity observations was assessed, along with the use of bias correction and different covariance localization radii for the brightne.
Temporal Closeness in Knowledge Mobilization Networks

In this thesis we study the impact of time in the analysis of social networks. To do that we represent a knowledge mobilization network, Knowledge-Net, both as a standard static graph and a time-varying graph and study both graphs to see their differences. For our study, we implemented some temporal metrics and added them to Gephi, an open source software for graph and network analysis which already contains some static metrics. Then we used that software to obtain our results. Knowledge-Net is a network built using the knowledge mobilization concept. In social science, knowledge mobilization is defined as the use of knowledge towards the achievement of goals. The networks which are built using the knowledge mobilization concept make more visible the relations among heterogeneous human and non-human individuals, organizational actors and non-human mobilization actors. A time-varying graph is a graph with nodes and edges appearing and disappearing over time. A journey in a time-varying graph is equivalent to a path in a static graph. The notion of shortest path in a static graph has three variations in a time-varying graph: the shortest journey is the journey with the least number of temporal hops, the fastest journey is the journey that takes the least amount of time and the foremost journey is the journey that arrives the soonest. Out of those three, we focus on the foremost journey for our analysis.
A NOTE ON THE COMPLETE MOMENT CONVERGENCE FOR ARRAYS OF B-VALUED RANDOM VARIABLES

Abstract. Inthisarticle,wediscussthecompletemomentconvergencefor arrays of B-valued random variables. We obtain some new resultswhichimprovethecorrespondingonesofSungandVolodin[17]. 1. IntroductionLet {Ω,F,P} be a probability space, and let B be a separable real Banachspace with norm ||·||. A random element is deﬁned to be an F-measurablemapping of Ω into B equipped with the Borel σ-algebra (that is, the σ-algebragenerated by the open sets determined by ||·||). The expected value of a B-valued random element X is deﬁned to be the Bochner integral and denotedby EX.Let {X nk ,k ≥ 1,n ≥ 1} be an array of random elements in a real Banachspace. An array of rowwise random elements {X nk ,k ≥ 1,n ≥ 1} is said to bestochastically dominated by a random variable X (write {X nk } ≺ X) if thereexists a constant C > 0 such thatsup n≥1,k≥1 P(||X nk || > x) ≤ CP(|X| > x), ∀x > 0.Now we recall the following concepts of convergence which were introducedby Hsu and Robbins [6] and Chow [4], respectively. Deﬁnition 1.1. A sequence of random variables {X
The Study of Supervised Color Correction

In this paper, a linear transformation relationship between color value taken in a canonical illuminant environment and one in an unknown illuminant environment is derived from the finite dimensional linear model. Actually, the transformation relationship must be non linear taking into account some processing techniques applied by the color camera system itself. Supervised color correction, which uses color patch to calculate and correct illumination changes, is used widely because of its simplicity and efficiency. We propose three new supervised color correction methods based on the ideas of supervised learning. Firstly, the supervised color patch containing 33 color chips in different chroma and low saturation is designed. Then those color values of color chips under canonical illumination and unknown illumination are recorded in order to obtain the set of learning samples. Finally, the transformation relationship is determined respectively by linear recursion analysis, polynomial recursion analysis, and BP neural network mapping according to the set of learning samples. These methods differ from the previous ones in that they do not need to know the spectral reflectance functions of color patch and the spectral sensitivity and zero coordinate of the camera. To test the performance of these methods, we did some experiments on 15 color objects with different color and different quality. Though the color difference of the color object in different ambient light is big, it obviously become smaller after color correcting with these methods. The results show that the three methods all have good color constancy, especially, the polynomial recursion analysis is better than the other two.
COMPLEX PREDICATES INVOLVING EVENTS, TIME AND ASPECT: IS THIS WHY SIGN LANGUAGES LOOK SO SIMILAR?

This paper presents a novel perspective on the complex structure of predicate signs, addressing the mapping between semantic components of events and their overt morphophonological representations in ASL (the Event Visibility Hypothesis), and suggests that fundamental similarities across SLs may be related to these structural pieces. Predicate sign structure is compositional in ways that have not been previously identified, and their components are grammaticalized from universally available physics of motion and geometry of space. The semantic concepts involved here are individual, event (states and processes), location, duration, termination, and completion. The relevant characteristics from geometry are point, line, plane and from physics distance, duration, velocity, and acceleration/deceleration. With the principled exception of classifier predicates (CLP) and spatial ‘tracing’ movements, phonological path movement of predicate signs maps to semantic Extent (duration) of an event and movement which stops at points in space maps semantically to the final State of telic events and its individual argument. Thus, like CLP, agreeing verbs are multimorphemic. These resources provide an explanation for the apparent visual similarity of SLs to each other, even while they remain mutually unintelligible.
On stability and Bohl exponent of linear singular systems of difference equations with variable coefficients

In this paper we investigate the stability of linear singular systems of difference equations with variable coefficients by the projector-based approach. We study the preservation of uniform/exponential stability when the system coefficients are subject to allowable perturbations. A Bohl–Perron type theorem is obtained which provides a necessary and sufficient condition for the boundedness of solutions of nonhomogenous systems. The notion of Bohl exponent is introduced and we characterize the relation between the exponential stability and the Bohl exponent. Finally, robustness of the Bohl exponent with respect to allowable perturbations is investigated.
Properties of dirty bosons in disordered optical lattices

The study of the disordered Bose-Hubbard model is key to understanding the interplay of disorder and interactions. Despite many studies with uniform diagonal disorder, few have inquired into experimental realizations with an additional correlated off-diagonal disorder. The presence of a trap and finite temperature effects in experiments lead to multiple domains of the Superfluid, Mott-Insulator/normal and the Bose-Glass phase. Previous studies using approximate theories produced results that are not in accordance with experiments. Stochastic Series Expansion is a finite temperature technique that can solve Bosonic lattice Hamiltonians exactly for large systems. Here, studies are performed for an extensive range of parameters using disorder distributions that are similar to experiments. Insights are first acquired by studying trap-free situations. Constant density calculations show that, although the qualitative features of the phase diagram remain robust between speckle disorder and uniform box disorder, there are quantitative differences. Studies of the Bose-glass phase explicitly show that it is composed of superfluid puddles that are stable to finite temperature effects for large temperature ranges. Finite temperature behavior of a strongly correlated system reveals that at unit filling, the transition temperature of the superfluid is increased due to the addition of disorder. Inquires are then extended to discern the properties of trapped systems. Extensive calculations show that domain-like structures that develop can be rigorously demarcated using the single-particle eigenstates extracted from the single-particle density matrix. Observables are calculated for the system at the single-site and global scales, showing that intermediate length scales provide the correct description of the physics of the domains in these systems. These techniques are used to conclusively show the possibility of the re-entrant superfluid that should be accessible to experiments. The temperature dependence of the re-entrant domain is explicitly calculated to be within experimental limits provided interactions are not too large. Comparisons with the local density approximation show reasonable agreement at low disorder strengths. At large disorder strengths there can be quantitative errors and can also result in qualitative errors. The phase diagram due to speckle disorder is presented for a range of values that are readily accessible to experiments. It is quantitatively shown that the effects of off-diagonal disorder are minimal. The superfluid remains unaffected despite large disorder in the tunneling term. Full scale ab initio calculations of the largest trapped disordered systems to date are performed in order to identify the superfluid-Bose-glass phase boundary in collaboration with experiments. Results show remarkable agreement, but there are open questions with regards to the possibility of glassy dynamics.