Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of habituated dietary protein intake on fasting and postprandial whole-body protein turnover and splanchnic amino acid metabolism in elderly men: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.

BACKGROUND Efficacy of protein absorption and subsequent amino acid utilization may be reduced in the elderly. Higher protein intakes have been suggested to counteract this. OBJECTIVES We aimed to elucidate how habituated amounts of protein intake affect the fasted state of, and the stimulatory effect of a protein-rich meal on, protein absorption, whole-body protein turnover, and splanchnic amino acid metabolism. METHODS Twelve men (65-70 y) were included in a double-blinded crossover intervention study, consisting of a 20-d habituation period to a protein intake at the RDA or a high amount [1.1 g · kg lean body mass (LBM)-1 · d-1 or >2.1 g · kg LBM-1 · d-1, respectively], each followed by an experimental trial with a primed, constant infusion of D8-phenylalanine and D2-tyrosine. Arterial and hepatic venous blood samples were obtained after an overnight fast and repeatedly 4 h after a standardized meal including intrinsically labeled whey protein concentrate and calcium-caseinate proteins. Blood was analyzed for amino acid concentrations and phenylalanine and tyrosine tracer enrichments from which whole-body and splanchnic amino acid and protein kinetics were calculated. RESULTS High (compared with the recommended amount of) protein intake resulted in a higher fasting whole-body protein turnover with a resultant mean ± SEM 0.03 ± 0.01 μmol · kg LBM-1 · min-1 lower net balance (P < 0.05), which was not rescued by the intake of a protein-dense meal. The mean ± SEM plasma protein fractional synthesis rate was 0.13 ± 0.06%/h lower (P < 0.05) after habituation to high protein. Furthermore, higher fasting and postprandial amino acid removal were observed after habituation to high protein, yielding higher urea excretion and increased phenylalanine oxidation rates (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Three weeks of habituation to high protein intake (>2.1 g protein · kg LBM-1 · d-1) led to a significantly higher net protein loss in the fasted state. This was not compensated for in the 4-h postprandial period after intake of a meal high in protein.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02587156.
Drug-coated balloons versus 1ry stenting for TASC C and D femoropopliteal lesions

Background: To compare the effectiveness and outcome of Drug-Coated Balloon (DCB) versus primary nitinol stenting for the treatment of long femoropopliteal lesions (TASC II C and D). Methods: This was retrospective study along 3 years included all the cases of femeropopliteal disease TASC C and D that was treated with DEB or primary stenting. The safety endpoint was 30-day free from major limb amputation and mortality. The primary end point was primary patency and freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization at 6 and 12 months, patient genders, demographics, co-morbidities, smoking history, indications for intervention were recorded.Results: PTA and post-dilation with paclitaxel-eluting balloons was done in 32 patients (group I) and 1ry stenting was done in 30 patients (group II) with either stenosis or occlusion. The mean lesion length was 18.43±2cm in group 1 and 18.8±2.32cm in group. The technical success rate was 100% in group II and 93.7% in group I. 6 months and 12-month patency rate for group I and II were 93.3% vs. 93.3% and 83.3% vs. 86.6%, respectively. There were no 30 days related major amputations or mortalities in either group.Conclusions: DCB for long femoropopliteal lesions showed a comparable result to primary stenting and provide durable results and lower incidence of target revascularization in patients with TASC C and D lesions.
Histopathological study of non-neoplastic lesions of nose, paransal sinuses and nasopharynx

Background: The various lesions of the nose, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx were subjected to histopathological evaluation over a period of 5 years (2010 to 2015) at the Department of Pathology, in a rural based hospital. Total 84 specimens were studied over the time of 5 years. Methodology: The formalin fixed specimens were received with complete clinical and radiological features. Routine gross examination and required number of sections were taken and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Result: In the study, 84 cases were of Inflammatory and Non neoplastic lesions. Nasal polyps were the most common lesions with 77 (91.67%) cases. Among the all Nasal polyps, 77 cases, 20 (25.97%) cases were of Allergic polyp, 50 (64.93%) cases were of inflammatory polyp, while 7 (9.09%) cases were of Antrochoanal polyp. 2 cases (2.38%) each of Sinusitis and Intradermal naevus. Rhinosporidiosis, Mucocele and Nasolabial cyst comprised of 1 (0.77%) case each respectively. Conclusion: In our study, most common lesions were Nasal Polyps. Most of the cases were presented in 2nd and 3rd decade of life with Male preponderance. Nasal obstruction was the most common clinical presentation in the present study.
Intracoronary near-infrared spectroscopy and the risk of future cardiovascular events

Objectives The objectives of this study were to investigate if findings by intracoronary near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) are associated with future cardiovascular events and if NIRS can differentiate culprit from non-culprit segments in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods The study included 144 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and combined NIRS-IVUS imaging at two Swedish hospitals. The NIRS-derived lipid core burden index (LCBI), the 4 mm segment with maximum LCBI (MaxLCBI4mm) and the IVUS-derived maximum plaque burden (MaxPB) were analysed within the culprit segment and continuous 10 mm non-culprit segments of the index culprit vessels. The association with future major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as all-cause mortality, acute coronary syndrome requiring revascularisation and cerebrovascular events during follow-up was evaluated using multivariable Cox regressions. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to test the ability of NIRS to discriminate culprit against non-culprit segments. Results A non-culprit maxLCBI4mm ≥400 (HR: 3.67, 95% CI 1.46 to 9.23, p=0.006) and a non-culprit LCBI ≥ median (HR: 3.08, 95% CI 1.11 to 8.56, p=0.031) were both significantly associated with MACCE, whereas a non-culprit MaxPB ≥70% (HR: 0.61, 95% CI 0.08 to 4.59, p=0.63) was not. The culprit segments had larger lipid cores compared with non-culprit segments (MaxLCBI4mm 425 vs 74, p<0.001), and the ROC analysis showed that NIRS can differentiate culprit against non-culprit segments (c-statistics: 0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.89). Conclusion A maxLCBI4mm ≥400 and LCBI ≥ median, assessed by NIRS in non-culprit segments of a culprit artery, were significantly associated with patient-level MACCE. NIRS furthermore adequately discriminated culprit against non-culprit segments in patients with coronary disease.
El síndrome de déficit de atenciÓn con hiperactividad como expresiÓn de un trastorno funcional orgánico

Introduction. The diagnosis ofADHD can be determined reliably from the clinical history, but the causes andpathophysiology of the disorder remain unclear. Conclusions. Recentfindings using magnetic resonance imaging, and imaging with PET and SPECT as well as studies that probe brain functioning through transcranial magnetic stimulation suggest that circuits linking prefrontal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum are not functioning normally in ADHD.
Evidence-Based Guidelines and Secondary Meta-Analysis for the Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract Background Transcranial direct current stimulation has shown promising clinical results, leading to increased demand for an evidence-based review on its clinical effects. Objective We convened a team of transcranial direct current stimulation experts to conduct a systematic review of clinical trials with more than 1 session of stimulation testing: pain, Parkinson’s disease motor function and cognition, stroke motor function and language, epilepsy, major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, Tourette syndrome, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. Methods Experts were asked to conduct this systematic review according to the search methodology from PRISMA guidelines. Recommendations on efficacy were categorized into Levels A (definitely effective), B (probably effective), C (possibly effective), or no recommendation. We assessed risk of bias for all included studies to confirm whether results were driven by potentially biased studies. Results Although most of the clinical trials have been designed as proof-of-concept trials, some of the indications analyzed in this review can be considered as definitely effective (Level A), such as depression, and probably effective (Level B), such as neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, migraine, post-operative patient-controlled analgesia and pain, Parkinson’s disease (motor and cognition), stroke (motor), epilepsy, schizophrenia, and alcohol addiction. Assessment of bias showed that most of the studies had low risk of biases, and sensitivity analysis for bias did not change these results. Effect sizes vary from 0.01 to 0.70 and were significant in about 8 conditions, with the largest effect size being in postoperative acute pain and smaller in stroke motor recovery (nonsignificant when combined with robotic therapy). Conclusion All recommendations listed here are based on current published PubMed-indexed data. Despite high levels of evidence in some conditions, it must be underscored that effect sizes and duration of effects are often limited; thus, real clinical impact needs to be further determined with different study designs.
Does Photobiomodulation Therapy Enhance Maximal Muscle Strength and Muscle Recovery?

Abstract Photobiomodulation has been shown to improve tissue and cell functions. We evaluated the influence of photobiomodulation, using a B-Cure laser, on: 1) maximal performance, and 2) muscle recovery after resistance exercise. Two separate crossover randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trials were conducted. Sixty healthy physical education students (28 men, 32 women), aged 20-35, were recruited (30 participants for each trial). Participants performed two interventions for each experiment, with real lasers (GaAlAs, 808 nm) on three quadricep locations in parallel (overall treatment energy of ~150J) or sham (placebo) treatment. In the first experiment muscle total work (TW) and peak torque (PT) were measured by an isokinetic dynamometer in five repetitions of knee extension, and in the second experiment muscle recovery was measured after the induction of muscle fatigue by evaluating TW and PT in five repetitions of knee extension. There were no differences between treatments (real or sham) regarding the TW (F(1,28) = 1.09, p = . 31), or PT (F(1,29) = . 056, p = . 814). In addition, there was no effect of photobiomodulation on muscle recovery as measured by the TW (F(1,27) = . 16, p = . 69) or PT (F(1,29) = . 056, p = . 814). Applying photobiomodulation for 10 min immediately before exercise did not improve muscle function or muscle recovery after fatigue.
Indonesian Household Payment Choice: A Nested Logit Analysis

Abstract We examine the preferences of respondents for six types of payment instruments, namely cash, debit and credit cards, card and server-based electronic money, and internet or mobile banking. By applying a nested logit model to 500 household data covering six provincial capitals in Indonesia, we find that the decision to choose payment instruments is made sequentially. Socio-economic characteristics, including education, age, income, and transaction objectives or functionality have a significant effect on the probability of using non-cash electronic payment instruments. We find a substitution pattern between payment instruments, not only between cash and non-cash instruments but also between non-cash instruments. In light of these findings, appropriate payment system policies are in order to hasten the use of non-cash payment.
Lower Leg Anatomical Correlates to Performance and Metabolism from Flywheel-based Exercise

Abstract Lower leg exercises are impacted by the anatomy of the triceps surae-Achilles tendon complex. Such exercises may utilize series elastic energy (SEE), temporarily stored within the Achilles tendon, to augment forces exerted by the triceps surae. While SEE's contribution to bipedal jumping and walking have been assessed, other lower leg exercises yet to receive similar scrutiny include seated calf presses done on flywheel-based hardware. Current subjects did two identical calf press workouts on a flywheel ergometer. The following three variables were obtained from workouts–the total work (TW) performed, net energy costs, and peak blood lactate concentration ([BLa−]). With multivariate regression, four variables correlated with each criterion measures’ variance–lower leg length (LLL) and cross-sectional area (CSA), as well as the lengths of the triceps surae (ML) and Achilles tendon (ATL). Our predictor variables correlated to significant amounts of TW and net energy cost, but not [BLa−] variance. Univariate matrices showed CSA was the best overall predictor for our criterion measures, while ML and ATL were generally weaker correlates. ATL did not have as great an impact as with other lower leg exercises; likely because the slow rate of ankle joint movement greatly limited SEE activity. The limited degree of foot support for ergometer repetitions was also a factor that likely weakened ATL's impact as a correlate. More research on anatomy's impact on this novel form of exercise is warranted.
Echolocation Calls of Pteronotus davyi (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) from Panama

We studied echolocation signals broadcast by free-flying naked-backed bats ( Pteronotus davyi ) from Panama. Calls consisted of a segment of constant frequency, followed by a downward frequency modulated sweep, and ended with a short segment of quasi-constant frequency. Up to three harmonics were detectable. The second harmonic usually was more intense, and mean frequencies in the constant and quasi-constant segments were 68.0 and 58.0 kHz, respectively. Most pulses showed the highest intensity in the frequency corresponding to the constant segment of the second harmonic, but sometimes bats allocated most energy to the quasi-constant segment of that same harmonic or even to the constant or the quasi-constant segment of the fundamental harmonic. Pulses averaged 6.6 ms in duration and were repeated every 70.8 ms. The segment of constant frequency was always present, and its frequency changed little across extremely different behavioral situations.
Production Networks and the Flattening of the Phillips Curve∗

This paper analyzes the role of changes in the structure of production networks on the flattening of the Phillips curve over the last decades. I build a multi-sector model with production networks, and heterogeneity in input-output linkages and in degree of nominal rigidities. In the production network model, inflation sensitivity to the output gap depends on the topology of the network of the economy. In particular, I show that two characteristics of the network matter for inflation dynamics: (i) the network multiplier and (ii) output shares. Analyzing the U.S. Input-Output structure from 1963 to 2017, I document structural changes in the production network. Calibrating the model to these sectoral changes can account for a decrease in the slope of up to 15 percent. Decomposing the aggregate effect shows that the flattening is primarily due to an increase in the centrality of sectors with more rigid prices that is incompletely reflected by compositional changes in value-added. JEL codes: C67, E23, E31, E32, E52, E58
Causal role of lateral prefrontal cortex in mental effort and fatigue

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is well‐known for its role in exerting mental work, however the contribution of DLPFC for deciding whether or not to engage in effort remains unknown. Here, we assessed the causal role of DLPFC in effort‐based decision making. We disrupted functioning of DLPFC with noninvasive brain stimulation before participants repeatedly decided whether to exert mental effort in a working memory task. We found the same DLPFC subregion involved in mental effort exertion to influence also effort‐based decisions: First, it enhanced effort discounting, suggesting that DLPFC may signal the capacity to successfully deal with effort demands. Second, a novel computational model integrating the costs of enduring effort into the effort‐based decision process revealed that DLPFC disruption reduced fatigue after accumulated effort exertion, linking DLPFC activation with fatigue. Together, our findings indicate that in effort‐based decisions DLPFC represents the capacity to exert mental effort and the updating of this information with enduring time‐on‐task, informing theoretical accounts on the role of DLPFC in the motivation to exert mental effort and the fatigue arising from it.
Valuing Recreational Fishing in the Great Lakes

Abstract We estimated a pair of models to characterize the demand for Great Lakes recreational fishing in Michigan. With a nested logit framework, the models tested whether anglers have an unobserved tendency to substitute between fishing sites based on target species or lake-specific preferences. Results indicated that anglers tend to substitute more readily between sites within a lake, although we found that the choice of model did not qualitatively influence measures of nonmarket value. Both models predicted that the fishing destinations of anglers would be strongly influenced by catch rates. Using these results, we estimated the sportfishing value for several fish species and found that anglers have the highest willingness to pay for Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Coho Salmon O. kisutch, steelhead O. mykiss, and Walleyes Sander vitreus. We also derived the access values of Michigan's coastal fishing sites and determined that day trips to a typical Great Lake site are worth about $30 per trip.
Développement du phytoplancton , des Ciliés et des Rotifères sur deux sites de la Loire moyenne (France), en période d'étiage

Les Cilies sont une composante importante du nano- et du micro-plancton des eaux stagnantes, mais peu d'attention a ete porte sur la part qu'ils pouvaient prendre dans les eaux courantes. Nous avons realise, de juin a octobre 1996, une etude bimensuelle des Cilies du potamoplancton de la Loire moyenne, comparativement a l'examen des algues et des Rotiferes qui abondent certaines annees en etiage, dans cette partie du fleuve. Deux sites, situes en ordre 8, respectivement a 550 km et a 640 km de la source du fleuve, ont ete echantillonnees. Les augmentations de la teneur en oxygene dissous, des matieres en suspension, de la DBO5 et des teneurs en chlorophylle a, associees a la baisse de la teneur en elements nutritifs, sont typiques des eaux eutrophes. La communaute algale, dominee par les Chlorophytes et les Bacillariophytes, atteint son maximum de developpement fin juillet (avec respectivement 40.10 6 cell.l -1 et 70.106 cell.l -1 du site amont au site aval). Les Cilies, domines par les Oligotriches et les Peritriches ont leur maximum de densite deux semaines plus tard (respectivement 6.200 cell.l -1 et 14.340 cell.l -1 ). La densite maximale des Rotiferes domines par les Brachionides et les Trichocercides, est observee simultanement a celle des Cilies (respectivement 3610 ind.l -1 et 1780 ind.l -1 ) ; contrairement aux annees anterieures, elle est plus faible en aval, ces organismes ayant reagi aux perturbations induites par les travaux realises sur le site aval. Comme dans les milieux stagnants, dans cette partie eutrophe de fleuve, la matiere organique disponible favorise le developpement de Cilies et de Rotiferes consommateurs d'algues et de bacteries. Le rapport heterotrophes / autotrophes, exprime en carbone, passe de 0,34 en amont a 0,17 en aval ; il illustre le role regulateur des Rotiferes filtreurs, dont la regression en aval attribuee aux travaux de terrassement et amplifiee par la predation invertebree, a favorise le developpement des Chlorophycees. La biomasse en carbone des Rotiferes est superieure a celle des Cilies, mais, en fin d'ete, ces derniers jouent un role important dans les transferts d'energie au sein de cet ecosysteme fluvial.
Presence of 16S rRNA genes in multiple replicons in Azospirillum brasilense

Rhizosphere and endophytic Azospirillum brasilense isolates recovered from sugarcane plants and the reference strains Sp7 and Cd were analyzed for plasmid occurrence. All of the 26 A. brasilense isolates analyzed harbored from five to eight replicons. Several strains contained small plasmids from 45 to 70 kb, but all of the isolates harbored other plasmids ranging from 100 to 290 kb and two megareplicons of approximately 1700 and over 1800 kb. Most of the strains contained a replicon with a size of either 570 or 630 kb, and another large 910- or 980-kb replicon. The 1700-kb megareplicon and some others around 600 kb strongly hybridized to 16S rDNA genes, while the 910- or 980-kb replicons hybridized only slightly. This suggests that the A. brasilense genome is composed of multiple minichromosomes instead of a single circular chromosome. The apparent genome complexity of A. brasilense deserves to eventually be resolved by complete genome sequencing.
Management of stem rot of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii through Trichoderma harzianum

In dual culture of 11 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum, three isolates, viz. T8, T10 and T2, were effective against Sclerotium rolfsii [Corticium rolfsii], the causal agent of stem rot of groundnut, and they overgrew the pathogen up to 92, 85 and 79%, respectively, in vitro. T8 and T10 isolates reduced stem rot incidence significantly when delivered as seed dressing or soil application in pot trials. Disease reduction through seed dressing was 33-50% over control and through direct soil application it was up to 72-83%. Spores of T8 and T10 isolates showed better longevity after 13 weeks (1.3 x 103 cfu/seed) and up to 15 weeks (1.0 x 104 cfu/seed), respectively, when the seeds coated with spores were dipped in 2% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) andpelleted with bentonite at 25 g/kg seed. The maximum population was recorded at 30 day after storing (T8 = 3.5 x 106 and T10 = 20.2 x 106). On seed coated with Trichoderma spores infused with 2% CMC and then pelleted with a mixture of Jalshakti (a water-absorbing polymer) at 100 g/kg and bentonite at 25 g/kg seed, Trichoderma remained viable only up to 11 weeks. The spores remained viable only up to 9 weeks of storage at room temperature on seeds when the seeds were coated with biocontrol agent by rolling seeds on a colony of Trichoderma in Petri dishes.