Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using network meta-analysis to predict the percentage of missing participants for a future trial

Background Using evidence synthesis to design a clinical trial has long been advocated as the key against research waste. However, the relevant methodology does not deal with possible missing participants (MP) that may occur in a future trial. We illustrated the synergism of the baseline effects model and network meta-analysis (NMA) to predict the percentage of MP for a future trial. Methods We considered the network of a published systematic review as a case study. We applied the baseline effects model, followed by the relative effects model using Bayesian methods to predict the percentage of MP in each intervention when conducting NMA and a series of pairwise meta-analyses. We illustrated the posterior distribution of the predicted percentage MP under both synthesis methods alongside the MP reported in the corresponding trials for each intervention. Results Selecting different interventions for the baseline effects model yielded different predicted baseline effects and led to different predicted percentages of MP for the remaining interventions, highlighting the need to carefully pre-specifying the intervention for the baseline effects model. Both synthesis methods provided almost identical posterior distributions of predicted percentage MP for estimating similar summary odds ratios. There was great variability in the percentage of MP across the trials for each intervention, manifesting as considerable variability in the percentage difference in MP compared to NMA. Conclusions Incorporating predictions and absolute effects in the context of MP in NMA aids in determining the anticipated percentage of MP in the compared interventions to plan a future trial efficiently.
Impact of Supply Chain Integration on Supply Chain Performance: Moderating Role of Supply Chain Flexibility.

Modern world is more uncertain than ever before. Organizations need to identify the capabilities needed to gain competitive advantage under these uncertain conditions. Supply chain integration is such a capability that may help a firm achieve competitive advantage under uncertain market conditions. The current study evaluated the multidimensional role of supply chain integration in supply chain performance. The moderating role of supply chain flexibility between different dimensions of supply chain integration and supply chain performance was also considered. Based on the data gathered from Pakistani manufacturing firms, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesized model. The results showed that internal integration and supplier integration represented a positive impact on supply chain performance. However, the moderating role of supply chain flexibility was determined to be significant only in the case of customer integration – supply chain performance relationship.
Information Frictions, Reputation, and Sovereign Spreads

We formulate a reputational model in which the type of government is time varying and private information. Agents adjust their beliefs about the government’s type (i.e., reputation) using noisy signals about its policies. We consider a debt repayment setting in which reputation influences the market’s perceived probability of default, which affects sovereign spreads. We focus on the 2007–12 Argentine episode of inflation misreport to quantify how markets price reputation. We find that the misreports significantly increased Argentina’s sovereign spreads. We use those estimates to discipline our model and show that reputation can have long-lasting effects on a government’s borrowing costs.
Factors Associated with Work Zone Crashes

Nationally, the annual number of fatal crashes in work zones over the past decade (2010–2019) increased from 521 to 762, which led to rising fatalities from 546 in 2010 to 842 in 2019. Traffic safety in work zones with the aim of reducing fatal and serious injury crashes has been under investigation by researchers and related agencies for decades. The main objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with work zone crashes to recommend policies targeted at addressing them. Data collected by the Kansas Department of Transportation on crashes that occurred between 2016 and 2020 were used for this research. For the statistical model, binary logistic regression was used in which the dichotomous response variable was defined as either crashes in work zones or crashes outside work zones. According to the model’s results, several significant factors were associated with work zone crashes. Those that had a reasonable expectation of improvement through state policies included the following: alcohol involvement; driver distraction; large commercial vehicle involvement; pedestrian involvement; single-vehicle crashes; speed limits, and speeding. Although these may already be areas targeted in a state’s strategic highway safety plan, special consideration of the overrepresentation of these factors in work zones can provide additional policy options for consideration. Existing countermeasures can be explored, or new countermeasures can be developed based on the needs of the existing conditions.
Certain near-rings are rings, II

We investigate distributively-generated near-rings R which satisfy one of the following conditions: (i) for each x,y∈R, there exist positive integers m, n for which xy=ymxn; (ii) for each x,y∈R, there exists a positive integer n such that xy=(yx)n. Under appropriate additional hypotheses, we prove that R must be a commutative ring.
Physical and numerical contributions to the structure of Kelvin wave-CISK modes in a spectral transform model

Abstract “Nonlinear Kelvin wave-CISK modes” are critically assessed as a possible mechanism for the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) with a global spectral transform model and a one-dimensional analog. Convection is parameterized using a simple “positive-only CISK” scheme, where tropospheric diabatic heating is proportional to the low-level convergence, and is set to zero in regions of low-level divergence. Although the modes have many properties that are consistent with the MJO, they also have a serious drawback. The growth rate of unstable modes depends crucially on the width of the heating region, which is resolution dependent. The “CISK catastrophe” has not been averted, and the heating region collapses to the smallest localized scale that the model can support. This scale is larger than the model resolution, as measured by both the gridpoint scale and the inverse wavenumber or half-zonal-wavelength of the highest wavenumber basis function, and is associated with the appearance of negative Gibbs fringe.
Monte Carlo simulation of a GaAs electron source

Photoelectron transport in a GaAs electron source was studied using a Monte Carlo simulation technique. The principle of the method is to simulate the motion of photoexcited hot electrons in GaAs real space, taking into account various scattering mechanisms. The calculated electron energy distribution is in very good agreement with experimental measurements. The calculation predicts the electron emittance at the GaAs surface being from 2.70 pi to 3.29 pi mm mrad and the electron transit time spread (TTS) of the source ranging from 270 to 284 ps. It was also found that the hot photoelectron mean free path is 117.5 to 39.4 nm with the incident photon energy changing from 1.6 to 2.5 eV.
Observations on muon multiplicity distribution with the GRAPES-2 experiment at Ooty for studies on the mass composition of cosmic rays at PeV energies

Precise knowledge of the mass composition of the primary cosmic ray flux below and above the knee in the primary energy spectrum at E∼3×10 15 eV is essential for understanding the acceleration and propagation of high energy cosmic rays. Simulations have shown that the correlations between the electron and muon components of showers are very sensitive to the mass of the primary nuclei. In particular, different regions of the muon multiplicity distribution observed with a large area muon detector, for well-defined selection on the electron component of showers, have a high sensitivity to different nuclear groups present in the primary flux. The GRAPES-2 experiment at Ooty seeks to exploit this sensitivity using a 200m 2 area muon detector to study the mass composition of the primary flux in the energy range 10 14 -10 16 eV. The details of the experiment are presented and early observations are discussed in relation to the expectations from simulations.
Local Characterization of Singularities in General Relativity

We formulate a new approach to singularities: their local description. Given any incomplete space‐time M, we define a topological space, the ``g boundary,'' whose points consist of equivalence classes of incomplete geodesics of M. The points of the g boundary may be thought of as the ``singular points'' of M. Local properties of the singularity may now be described in a well‐defined way in terms of local properties of the g boundary. For example, the notions: ``dimensionality of a singularity,'' ``past and future of a singular point,'' ``neighborhood of a singular point,'' ``spacelike or timelike character of a singularity,'' and ``metric structure of a singularity'' may all be expressed as properties of the g boundary. Two applications of the g boundary outside of the realm of singularities are discussed: (1) In the case in which the space‐time M is extendable (for example, Taub space), the g boundary is shown to be that regular 3‐surface across which M may be extended [in this case, the Misner boundary .
Measurement of the branching fraction ratio $\mathcal{B}(B_c^+ \rightarrow \psi(2S)\pi^+)/\mathcal{B}(B_c^+ \rightarrow J/\psi \pi^+)$

Using $pp$ collision data collected by LHCb at center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV and 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{-1}$, the ratio of the branching fraction of the $B_c^+ \rightarrow \psi(2S)\pi^+$ decay relative to that of the $B_c^+ \rightarrow J/\psi\pi^+$ decay is measured to be 0.268 $\pm$ 0.032 (stat) $\pm$ 0.007 (syst) $\pm$ 0.006 (BF). The first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainties on the branching fractions of the $J/\psi \rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-$ and $\psi(2S) \rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-$ decays. This measurement is consistent with the previous LHCb result, and the statistical uncertainty is halved.
Mixing efficiency in stably stratified growing turbulence

Nearly steady state mixing efficiencies, as characterized by the flux Richardson number Rf, have been measured in stably stratified, turbulent, uniform gradient shear flows. The turbulent dissipation rate ϵ, the vertical mass and momentum fluxes ρw― and uw―, and the mean and rms density and velocity fluctuations were obtained from simultaneous single point measurements of velocity and density. Rf and the gradient Richardson number Ri were calculated at a number of positions in the spatially evolving shear flow. Within the investigated range of stabilities 0.02<Ri<0.08, Rf was observed to increase with Ri. It is found that the length scale arguments successfully applied by Rohr et al. (1984) to the case of decaying, stably stratified, unsheared grid turbulence can also account for the overall behavior of the mixing efficiency (Rf) as a function of stability (Ri) in the present case of growing, stably stratified, uniform mean shear turbulence.
Investigations on the Microstructure and Corrosion Performance of Different WC-Based Cermet Coatings Deposited by High Velocity Oxy Fuel Process onto Magnesium Alloy Substrate

In the field of surface engineering, thermal spraying is very wide adopted in many branches of the industry. The main reasons of such situation are its flexibility as well as cost effectiveness. Among others, high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) technique is dedicated for spraying hardmetal and cermet coatings, especially for wear- and corrosion resistance. Such type of coating could be a promising candidate as protective layer for magnesium alloys elements. These materials need a strong improvement in the corrosion protection as well as on the field of wear re - sistance in order to be widely used in the industry. In this work, different WC-based coatings, namely: (i) WC-Co, (ii) WC-Co-Cr and (iii) WC-Cr 3 C 2 -Ni manufactured by HVOF spraying, were investigated. The form of all feed - stock materials was agglomerated and sintered powder. All coatings were sprayed with the same technological parameters, especially spray distance which was equal to 400 mm on the AZ91 magnesium alloy substrate. The main aim of the studies was to investigate the influence of the powder material on the corrosion resistance of ob - tained coatings. The manufactured coatings were examined in terms of its microstructure, using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and corrosion performance, which was assessed in the electrochemical corrosion investigations in 3.5% NaCl solution by Tafel method. The study showed that the corrosion resistance increasing in such order: AZ91 < WC-Cr 3 C 2 -Ni < WC-Co < WC-Co-Cr. It should be stressed that WC-Cr 3 C 2 -Ni coating exhibits very low corrosion performance, which could be effected by relatively high porosity (c.a. 3 vol.%) and because of that the more complex composition promotes creation of many corrosion cells.
The Benefits of Exogenous Xylanase in Wheat–Soy Based Broiler Chicken Diets, Consisting of Different Soluble Non-Starch Polysaccharides Content

Four wheat-based diets with either low soluble non-starch polysaccharide (NSPs, 13 g/kg) content (low viscosity, LV) or high NSPs content (33.5 g/kg; high viscosity, HV), without and with exogenous xylanase (XYL), were fed to male Ross 308 broiler chickens from 7 to 21 days age. The enzyme was supplemented at 100 FXU/kg diet, and its preparation was based on endo-1,4-beta-xylanase produced by Aspergillus oryzae. Each diet was fed to eight pens, with five birds in each pen, following randomisation. Chicks fed XYL had an improved feed efficiency, hepatic coenzyme Q10, cecal butyric acid concentration, nitrogen digestibility (p < 0.05) and increased dietary ME (p < 0.001). Compared to HV, birds fed LV diets had reduced weight of proventriculus, gizzard and the pancreas and higher blood glutathione peroxidase and dietary ME (p < 0.05), but no differences were observed on nutrient digestibility and growth performance variables. This also suggests that birds may tolerate a greater dietary NSPs content; thus, further benefits may be obtained by the application of XYL in low energy wheat-based diets.
Removal of Pb2+ from industrial wastewater using activated carbon from Persea americana seed

Activated carbon is a material that has various environmental applications, such as the adsorption of metallic lead ions (Pb2+). It can be obtained from different plant species. In this research, the seed of Persea americana (Avocado- HASS variety) was obtained from local markets in the city of Cartagena to be used in the removal of Pb2+ from wastewater from the fishing industry. To obtain activated carbon, the seed was carbonized in a Terrigeno-brand clay oven, Model DB 1200. Orthophosphoric acid at 21% w/v was used as an activating agent. The residual water was characterized following the APHA specifications. The turbidity was determined by nephelometry in a Turbiquant 300 IR turbidimeter. The Pb2+ concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy in a Thermo Scientific iCE 3300 equipment. The chemical surface of the material was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The carbons were morphologically characterized using a scanning electron microscope SEM (Jeol 5910LV), visualized at 15kV. A yield of 20.38% by mass of coal is achieved. The pores are of irregular size, ranging from 16.2 to 55.98 μm. 65% of Pb2+, turbidity (57.6%), color (57%), total solids (50.2%), as well as BOD (53.12%) and COD (36%) are removed, finding statistically significant differences in values at the 95% level of significance. The seed of Persea americana (HASS avocado) can serve as plant material to obtain an adsorbent material (activated carbon) and be used in the removal of Pb2+ from wastewater. Keywords: activated carbon, adsorption, avocado seeds (HASS variety), Pb2+, removal.
Differences in News Translation between Broadcasting and Newspapers: A Case Study of Korean-English Translation

The aim of the study is to look into differences between broadcasting and newspaper news translation in their approaches to rendering the lead of the news report. For this purpose, the study analyzes shifts in English translations of Korean newspaper reports and compares them with the results of a previous study on broadcasting translation. The analysis suggests that while lead reduction is characteristic of broadcasting translation, lead expansion figures more prominently in newspaper translation. The paper gives a detailed account of these differences and offers some tentative explanations about what gives rise to them. It also discusses the differences in terms of the degree of latitude the translator exercises in editing the TT and their implications for different roles played by the translator in the two modes of translation.
Giant magnetoresistance effect in CoZr/Cu/Co spin-valve films (abstract)

A high sensitivity of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) has been observed recently from soft magnetic layers such as NiFe, NiFeCo, and FeCoB.12 Amorphous CoZr alloys present ultrasoft properties compared to NiFe.3 GMR has been investigated for amorphous CoZr/Cu/Co thin films grown by rf diode sputtering using a target consisting of a Co disk partially covered with a Zr foil. The influence of the argon pressure on Cu layer deposition, Cu thickness, and Zr content on magnetic and transport properties was analyzed. The highest value of transverse GMR obtained along the easy axis is 3.6% and the MR curve was saturated in a magnetic field of 100 Oe at room temperature. GMR shows scaling behavior with the sample composition. Very high sensitivity, around 1–2%/Oe was observed in a CoZr (3 nm)/Cu (3 nm)/Co (2 nm) sandwich. This study shows a large dependence of GMR on Cu thickness and the maximum of magnetoresistance strongly depending on the Ar pressure which modifies the interface roughness. The Zr content also inf.
Identification of b-quark jets with the CMS experiment

At the Large Hadron Collider, the identification of jets originating from b quarks is important for searches for new physics and for measurements of standard model processes. A variety of algorithms has been developed by CMS to select b-quark jets based on variables such as the impact parameters of charged-particle tracks, the properties of reconstructed decay vertices, and the presence or absence of a lepton, or combinations thereof. The performance of these algorithms has been measured using data from proton-proton collisions at the LHC and compared with expectations based on simulation. The data used in this study were recorded in 2011 at √s = 7 TeV for a total integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb^(-1). The efficiency for tagging b-quark jets has been measured in events from multijet and t-quark pair production. CMS has achieved a b-jet tagging efficiency of 85% for a light-parton misidentification probability of 10% in multijet events. For analyses requiring higher purity, a misidentification probability of only 1.5% has been achieved, for a 70% b-jet tagging efficiency.
Cool dust and gas in the Small Magellanic Cloud

We present high-angular-resolution, far-infrared images of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The images were reconstructed from data obtained with the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), using the Pyramid Maximum Entropy algorithm. The angular resolutions of the images are 1 arcmin at 12, 25 and 60 mu m, and 1.7 arcmin at 100 mu m, which provides an excellent complement to the recent neutral hydrogen (H I) survey from the Australia Telescope Compact Array, which has a resolution of 1.6 arcmin. We use the 60- and 100-mu m data, together with a standard dust model, to derive a temperature map and a dust column density distribution. Dust temperatures range from 23 to 45 K, which is, on average, warmer than for the Galaxy, although there is a deficit of warm, very small dust grains in the SMC. The total amount of cool dust in the SMC is 1.8(-0.2)(+1.3) x 10(4) M. There is a significant variation of the observed dust-to-gas ratio across the SMC. This may be caused by corresponding variations in metallicity, but this explanation is not supported by the limited available data in the literature. Alternatively, there may be a large amount of molecular hydrogen (H(2)) in the SMC, similar to 8 x 10(8) M. , and/or a large amount (similar to 10(6) M. ) of cold dust (less than or equal to 15 K) not seen by IRAS or COBE/DIRBE. The average dust-to-atomic gas ratio is, by mass, 8.2 x 10(-5), which is a factor of similar to 30 below the Galactic value. The spatial power spectrum of the dust column density image can be approximated by P(d)(k) proportional to k(-3.1), which shows that, as with the H I power spectrum, there is no preferred scale size for dust clouds. A spatial coherence analysis shows that, over a wide range of spatial scales (greater than or similar to 50 pc), H I and dust are well correlated (> 60 per cent).
Improving remote sensing scene classification using quality-based data augmentation

ABSTRACT This study presents an improved data augmentation technique for the classification of remote sensing (RS) scenes. The method is called Quality-based Sample Selection (QSS) data augmentation technique. It is based on generating a large number of samples using geometric transformations and then selecting the best ones based on a quality criterion. Sample images are generated online, i.e. during training of the convolutional neural network (CNN) model. For each training sample image, a few images are generated randomly using a set of geometric transformations. Then, the generated images are passed to the CNN model being trained, and the predicted probabilities are used to evaluate the quality of the images. The motivation behind this research is that we aim to augment the training set with new images that will benefit the learning of the CNN model. Therefore, an objective method to evaluate the quality of the new images is the CNN model itself. The image with the best criteria score is used to augment the training set. Several quality criteria based on the prediction probabilities of the CNN model are considered including entropy, breaking-ties and our own proposed criteria called True Label Probability (TLP). QSS is tested on five common RS scene classification datasets: UCMerced, Optimal31, RSSCN7, AID and NWPU-RS45. It has outperformed all previous methods except for one case involving NWPU-RS45 dataset. For the 10%–90% train–test split, QSS achieved 94.51, 81.72, 89.89, 94.09 and 93.98, respectively, for the mentioned datasets. While for the 20%–80% train–test split, it achieved 97.09, 88.37, 94.01, 95.71 and 94.71, respectively, for the listed datasets. Thus, this work presents a novel data augmentation method that uses data with higher quality instead of randomly selected. The paper proves experimentally that the proposed method improves the classification accuracy of RS scene classification.