Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Air Pollution Quotas and the Dynamics of Internal Skilled Migration in Chinese Cities

IZA DP No. 13479 JULY 2020 Air Pollution Quotas and the Dynamics of Internal Skilled Migration in Chinese Cities* This paper examines the role of a sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions quota introduced as part of China’s 11th Five-Year Plan on internal movements of high-skilled labour across Chinese prefecture cities. Using data on migration flows calculated through changes in Hukou status, this study suggests that a 1,000 tons increase in the SO2 emissions reduction quota leads on average to approximately a 1.5 percentage points increase in high-skilled net outmigration. Compared to the largest prefectures, this regulation effect is twice as large in the smaller regulated prefectures. A possible mechanism could be that the implementation of SO2 quotas decreases relative labour demand in polluting industries in the regulated cities in the short term, thereby resulting in sectoral transitions from dirty-toclean industries as well as skilled net outmigration flows. However, this net outmigration trend fades in the long term due to stabilisation in air quality. Our findings help contribute to a broader understanding of the effects of environmental policies on internal labour migration and labour force dynamics. JEL Classification: J61, O15, Q53, Q58
Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used in and around Adigrat town, eastern Tigray, Ethiopia

Traditional medicine is a form of folk or cultural activity which has been practiced from the very beginning by indigenous people to treat a number of human and livestock aliments. Traditional medicinal plants are certain plant species utilized in the preparation of herbal medicine. In this study, an ethnobotanical study was conducted to investigate the use of medicinal plants around Adigrat Town, Eastern Tigray Ethiopia. Semi-structured interviews, field observations and guided field walks with informants were employed to obtain ethnobotanical data. A total of 62 key informants (26 males and 36 females) were selected purposefully with the help of local administers and local elderly people. A total of 55 species of medicinal plants which belong to 31 families were collected and identified for treating 26 human aliments. Solanaceae was the most dominant medicinal plant family followed by Asteraceae and Lamiaceae. Most (76.98%) of the traditional medicinal plants were wild and were mostly harvested for their leaves (57.50%). Oral application was the highest and most commonly used route of application followed by dermal whereas crushing was the most frequently applied mode of preparing herbal medicine. Awareness creation among the traditional healers and community at large is important to preserve the indigenous medicinal plant species and for conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants in this study area.
Seasonal Activity Patterns and Breeding of the Western Jumping Mouse (Zapus princeps) in Wyoming

The seasonal activity cycle and reproduction of the western jumping mouse (Zapus princeps) were studied at 8,500, 9,500, and 10,500 ft (ca. 2600, 2900 and 3200 m) elevations in the Medicine Bow Range of southern Wyoming in 1965-1966. Males first awoke from hibernation in May or June, approximately two weeks later from each 1,000-ft increase in elevation (around 16 May at 8,500 ft, about 1 June at 9,500 ft, and about 13 June at 10,500 ft). At each elevation, females awoke from hibernation 9 to 12 days later than the males. Aboveground activity of both males and females ceased around 1 September 1965 at 10,500 ft and 17 September at the two lower study areas, apparently in response to severe weather conditions. The apparent maximum length of summer activity in males was about four months at 8,500 ft elevation, and the minimum activity period was slightly more than 2 I/2 months at 10,500 ft. In females, the maximum duration of activity was about 3'/2 months at 8,500 ft, and the minimum was about 274 months at 10,500 ft. Mice hibernating in the laboratory averaged only one arousal every 38 days. Testes of adult males were well developed when the mice first appeared, but mature spermatozoa were not present for 7 to 12 days. Peaks in testis weight and development occurred approximately oine month following appearance of the mice. Testes regressed in late summer with deterioration of spermatozoa evident as early as 2 to 3 weeks after the occurrence of peak testis weights. Zapus that hibernated at 40 F in the laboratory during the winter exhibited a gradual increase in testis development through April. Changes in seminal vesicle length corresponded closely to testis weight, but the peak lagged behind testis development by about two weeks. Breeding of adult females occurred within the first week or so after they became active at each elevation. The length of gestation was calculated to be 18 days, and lactation about one month. Embryo counts indicated that only one annual litter of four to eight young (mean=5.4) was produced with very little preor post-implantation loss of embryos. Small females averaged significantly fewer embryos than did large females. The gonads of juveniles remained minute up to the time of hibernation; reproductive maturation appeared to occur the following summer. The short season of summer activity of the western jumping mouse in the Central Rocky Mountains would probably preclude the successful production and survival of more than one litter per year.
Investigation of Healing Effects of Afyon Region Thermal Spring Water on Experimentally-Induced Gastritis in Mice

Abstract In this study, 40 Albino mice were induced with ethyl alcohol to form of gastritis. In the treatment stage, control group mice were given tap water, while study group mice were given fresh water of Süreyya I hot spring. Clinical, hematological, biochemical, blood gases measurements and histopathological examinations of the gastric tissue were performed on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21th days after the initiation of the treatment. At the end of the study, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of body temperature (p> 0.05), whereas heart and respiratory frequencies were significantly higher in the study group animals (p <0.05). Although mean WBC, NOTR, MON, EOS and MCV decreased significantly in both groups (p <0.05), it was found that the mean of these parameters were more significant in SG at all measurement times (p <0.05). It was determined that TP, ALB and GLU levels increased in SG contrast to CG, and statistically significant decreases in AST, ALT, CK, ALP, LDH, UREA, CREA and IgG levels after the treatment. Additionally, pH, partial CO2 pressure, base deficit, bicarbonate, Ca and K levels decreased after gastritis procedure, whereas lactate, Na and Cl levels increased. Consequently, the clinical, hematological, blood biochemical parameters, blood gases and histopathological findings were evaluated as a whole, it was concluded that Süreyya I hot spring water was very successful in the treatment of gastritis.
The Effect of Profitability, Liquidity and Leverage toward Company Value

This study aims to find the empirical evidence of the impact of profitability, liquidity and leverage toward the company value which consistently merged on Medical and Pharmacy Sub Sector Company 20132018. The population of this study was all companies which merged on Medical and Pharmacy Sub Sector Company during the study period. The data used was secondary data in the form of closing price, equity, total debt, total assets, return on equity, current ratio and debt to assets ratio. The statistic test used to test the hypothesis was data panel regression with comment effect as the approach. The first hypothesis test showed that the profitability affected significantly positive toward the company value. Even though, the liquidity and leverage partially affected positively but it was insignificant toward the company value.
Study and Comparison of the Role of Quality of Life and Self-Esteem with Educational Progress among High School Student (Case Study: Deyr County)

The present study aims at investigating the relationship between quality of life, self-esteem and resiliency with diligence and educational progress of male and female high school students of Deyr County. The statistical population are the total number of the second grade high school students of two sub-disciplines of literature and human sciences and experimental sciences (N=600). The sample was estimated 234 people based on Morgan table. The measurement tools include quality of life questionnaire, self-esteem, resiliency and self-made questionnaire that the result of the analyses with Cronbach alpha for quality of life, self-esteem, resiliency and educational diligence are 0.91, 0.89, 0.93 and 0.88 respectively. The result of the stud revealed a positive and significant relationship between quality of life, self-esteem, resiliency and educational progress on the P≤ 0.001. The result of the Multiple regression analysis method (synchronous) confirmed the significance of the effective factors’ model on educational diligence of students (f, (230.3) = 101.04, P<0.001). The result of the oneway multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) about five dependent variables of quality of life, self-esteem, resiliency and educational progress showed that they are influenced by the independent variable of gender. Moreover, according to the result of an independent comparison, there is a significant and meaningful difference between human sciences students and experimental sciences students regarding the quality of life, self-esteem, resiliency, diligence and educational progress.
Social anxiety, depression, and emotional congruence Social anxiety, depression, and emotional congruence

Social anxiety and depression are associated with interpretation biases and impairment in social cognitive ability (e.g., understanding the mental states of others), yet there is little known about their associations with emotional congruence (i.e., the extent to which a perceiver shares the emotional experience of a target). The present study examined the association between dimensional levels of social anxiety, depression, and emotional congruence, as well as the moderating role of anhedonia and stimuli valence. Neither social anxiety nor depressive symptoms significantly predicted emotional congruence. Further, no significant associations were found when including the moderators following multiple test correction. Although previous studies have shown that social anxiety and depressive symptoms can impact cognitive empathic processes, the present findings demonstrate that these symptoms may not be related to affective empathy.
Flaw and Order : The Science and Mythology of Criminal Profiling

“Looks like a serial killer,” mutters one beat cop to another. “Better call in [your favorite TV detective’s name here]. ” Cue the somber yet wistfully hopeful music as the experienced criminal profiler enters the frame and scopes out the crime scene, analyzes the evidence, interviews witnesses, and ultimately develops a behavioral profile that leads to the killer’s capture and conviction. Everybody has seen stories like this, but what is their basis in reality? Is criminal profiling a valid law enforcement tool or a fictional forensic fad?
Questioning Arbitrariness in Language: a Data-Driven Study of Conventional Iconicity

This paper presents a data-driven investigation of phonesthemes, phonetic units said to carry meaning associations, thus challenging the traditionally assumed arbitrariness of language. Phonesthemes have received a substantial amount of attention within the cognitive science literature on sound iconicity, but nevertheless remain a controversial and understudied phenomenon. Here we employ NLP techniques to address two main questions: How can the existence of phonesthemes be tested at a large scale with quantitative methods? And how can the meaning arguably carried by a phonestheme be induced automatically from word embeddings? We develop novel methods to make progress on these fronts and compare our results to previous work, obtaining substantial improvements.
Crustal velocity model of the southern Korean Peninsula along the Ganghwa – Yeongdeok seismic profile

22 We herein present results of a seismic experiment conducted along with the KCRT2008 23 profile, a 300-km-long NW–SE-trending transect, which was the third crustal-scale seismic 24 experiment across the southern Korean Peninsula. Two-dimensional Pand S-wave velocity 25 models beneath the profile were determined from seismic data acquired during the 26 KCRT2008 experiment. The P-wave velocity in the crust ranged between 4.40 and 6.85 km/s, 27 with an average of 6.27 km/s. The S-wave velocity varied from 2.51 to 3.88 km/s, with an 28 average of 3.61 km/s. The depths to the Mohorovicic discontinuity were 30.00–34.00 km, and 29 the crustal thickness becomes shallower toward both ends of the profile. The Vp/Vs ratio in 30 the crust ranged from 1.71 to 1.77 and increased with depth. The Vp/Vs ratio in the Gyeonggi 31 massif, located in the northwestern part of the profile, was found to be lower than in the 32 tectonic units to the north and south. The average Vp/Vs ratio along the profile was 1.74. The 33 Vp/Vs ratios and P-wave velocity values suggest that the upper and middle crust is composed 34 of felsic rocks, while the lower crust is intermediate in composition. These results are 35 consistent with the findings of a previous experiment (KCRT2004). The depth changes of the 36 Moho by isostasy coincide with the Moho depth determined by the seismic surveys. 37 38
An evaluation of rbcL, tufA, UPA, LSU and ITS as DNA barcode markers for the marine green macroalgae

T he universality and species discriminatory power of the plastid rubisco large subunit (rbcL) (considering 5' and 3' fragments independently), elongation factor tufA ,a nd universal amplicon (UPA), and the nuclear D2/D3 region of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal cistron (ITS) were evaluated for their utility as DNA barcode markers for green macroalgae. Excepting low success for ITS, all of these markers failed for the Cladophoraceae. For the remaining taxa, the 3' region of the rbc L( rbcL-3P) and tufA had the largest barcode gaps (difference between maximum intra- and minimum inter-specific divergence). Unfortunately, moderate amplification success (80 %e xcluding Cladophoracae) caused, at least in part, by the presence of introns within the rbcL-3P for some taxa reduced the utility of this marker as au niversal barcode system. The tufA marker, on the other hand, had strong amplification success (95% excluding the Cladophoraceae) and no introns were uncovered. We thus recommend that tufA be adopted as the standard marker for the routine barcoding of green marine macroalgae (excluding the Cladophoraceae). During this survey we discovered cryptic species in Acrosiphonia, Monostroma ,a nd Ulva indicating that significant taxonomic work remains for green macroalgae. Chlorophyta /D NA barcoding /g reen algae /I TS /L SU / rbc L/ tufA /U P
Metallogeny of the Avalonian Mira Terrane, Southeastern Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia: a Preliminary Study

The Mira terrane of Cape Breton Island is composed of northeast-trending belts of Neoproterozoic volcanic, sedimentary and plutonic rocks separated by regional-scale faults and/or Cambrian and Carboniferous sedimentary sequences (Fig. 1). Also present in the terrane are scattered Devonian (ca. 370–360 Ma) granitoid plutons and associated skarns. The Neoproterozoic rocks include three magmatic associations (Barr et al., 1996; Willner et al., 2015) with ages of ca. 680 Ma (Stirling Group), ca. 620 Ma (Coxheath, East Bay Hills, and Pringle Mountain groups and related plutons), and ca. 575–560 Ma (Fourchu and Main-à-Dieu groups and related plutons). Known mineral occurrences in these rocks were described by Macdonald (1989). However, the metallogenetic potential of the Mira terrane has not been subsequently assessed in
The Simpler the Better: Measuring Financial Conditions for Monetary Policy and Financial Stability

In this paper we assess the merits of financial condition indices constructed using simple averages versus a more sophisticated alternative that uses factor models with time varying parameters. Our analysis is based on data for 18 advanced and emerging economies at a monthly frequency covering about 70% of the world’s GDP. We use four criteria to assess the performance of these indicators, namely quantile regressions, Structural Vector Autoregressions, the ability of the indices to predict banking crises and their response to US monetary policy shocks. We find that averaging across the indicators of interest, using judgemental but intuitive weights, produces financial condition indices that are not inferior to, and actually perform better than, those constructed with more sophisticated statistical methods.
The Course of Migration of Ascaris Larvae.

Recent investigations by Stewart and others have demonstrated that when eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides containing fully formed vermiform embryos are swallowed, they hatch in the intestine and release the embryos which do not immediately settle down, but leave the intestine and pass to the liver, then to the lungs and finally back to the intestine by way of the trachea, esophagus, and stomach. During this journey, which commonly requires about ten days, the larvae not only attain a size much larger than that of the newly hatched worms, but undergo developmental changes. This migration and development can be followed in laboratory animals (guinea-pigs, rabbits, rats and mice), there being no apparent essential difference from that occurring in the pig (experimentally verified in various respects) and presumably (by indirect evidence) in man, except that in the first instance the larvae are unable to continue their development to maturity after returning to the intestine and soon pass out of the body in the feces to perish.
DEMOGRAPHY AND DISPERSAL IN ISLAND AND MAINLAND POPULATIONS OF THE DEER MOUSE, PEROMYSCUS MANICULATUS'

If dispersal is reduced on islands, then the demography of island populations of deer mice should be different from that of mainland populations. Areas of 1.1 hectare were periodically cleared of mice on Samuel Island (206 ha) and Saturna Island (3,102 ha) in the Gulf Islands of southwestern British Columbia. A similar experiment was conducted on the mainland at Maple Ridge, British Columbia. The average density of mice per hectare on Saturna (43.5) was 2x that on Samuel Island (22.0) and nearly 2.5x higher than that on the mainland (18.7). The reproductive rate, as measured by length of breeding season, number of successful pregnancies, proportion of breeding animals, and number of recruits surviving to breed, was much higher on Samuel Island than on either Saturna or the mainland. Survival was lowest on Samuel Island, with little difference between the mainland and Saturna Island. Mice on Samuel Island grew more than 5x faster than mainland animals, and Saturna growth rates were double those on the mainland. Dispersal (or colonization) rate was reduced on the two islands compared with that on the mainland. Recruitment of young animals occurred throughout the breeding season on the islands but was delayed until the end of breeding on the mainland. Seasonal changes in aggressiveness of the adult population may be sufficient but are not necessary to determine breeding density in deer mice. Regulatory processes in populations of Peromvscus maniculatus may be different on islands.
How a Bond Issuance Affects Liquidity of Preexisting Bonds of the Firm

The extreme illiquidity of corporate bonds during the financial crisis of 2008, along with better availability of trading data, has encouraged a dramatic increase in research attempting to explain corporate bond liquidity. Many firms issue bonds when other previously issued bonds of the same firm are still outstanding. We analyze how the new issuance affects the liquidity of the preexisting bonds of the same firm. One might expect the liquidity of the preexisting bonds to improve since there is a greater quantity of very similar bonds outstanding. On the other hand, investment bankers aggressively market the new issuance which may diminish trading and liquidity of the preexisting bonds. We find the former effect to dominate.
A Darwinian Ricker Equation

The classic Ricker equation xt+1 = bxt exp (−cxt) has positive equilibria for b > 1 that destabilize when b > e after which its asymptotic dynamics are oscillatory and complex. We study an evolutionary version of the Ricker equation in which coefficients depend on a phenotypic trait subject to Darwinian evolution. We are interested in the question of whether evolution will select against or will promote complex dynamics. Toward this end, we study the existence and stability of its positive equilibria and focus on equilibrium destabilization as an indicator of the onset of complex dynamics. We find that the answer relies crucially on the speed of evolution and on how the intra-specific competition coefficient c depends on the evolving trait. In the case of a hierarchical dependence, equilibrium destabilization generally occurs after e when the speed of evolution is sufficiently slow (in which case we say evolution selects against complex dynamics). When evolution proceeds at a faster pace, destabilization can occur before e (in which case we say evolution promotes complex dynamics) provided the competition coefficient is highly sensitive to changes in the trait v. We also show that destabilization does not always result in a period doubling bifurcation, as in the non-evolutionary Ricker equation, but under certain circumstances can result in a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation.
A primary report on biological characteristics and insect pest of seeding reproductive Vetiver grass

The average tillers of seeding reproductive Vetiver grass was 21 and the maximum was 30 in every plant after growing nine months. In addition, plant height was 130~200 cm, leaf length 55~100 cm, leaf width 0.5~1.0 cm, diameter of root 0.06~0.18 cm, root length 60~120 cm, root-corona ratio 46.15%~55.5%, sprouting rate was 10%~30% and maximum reached 50%, panicle length was 15~39 cm, the seed was flaxen and elliptic, length of the seed was 1.5~2.5 mm and width 0.6~0.8 mm;fruiting rate of the topmost ,the first and second side branch were 25.79%,(18.99%),11.97%,respectively. The thousand-grain weight were 0.363,0.280,0.231 g, respectively. The results showed:sexual reproductive Vetiver grass is basically as the same as parental generation, but the fruiting rate is lower.Besides, we discovered insect pests which was primary its named Aphid on the seeding reproductive plants in October and December in 2003.
Reverberation Robust Acoustic Modeling Using Time Delay Neural Networks

This work investigates robust acoustic modeling for speech recognition systems based on hidden Markov models. The focus of this work is put on time delay neural networks. We rst design a time delay neural network model for acoustic modeling and provide empirical results that justify our choice of design parameters. Then, we train the time delay neural network on augmented data, and compare its performance on reverberated data with conventional fully connected neural networks.