Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive evaluation of gene sequence encoding methods in deep learning

Background: The prediction of genomic structure has become a hot spot in genome research. At present, the prediction method based on deep learning is more effective and accurate than other machine learning algorithms. Since gene sequence data cannot directly enter the deep learning model, the original data need to be encoded and converted into numerical features before model prediction. As a result, different encoding methods may affect final accuracy. Methods: In order to explore the performance of different encoding methods, we compared ten strategies in six deep learning models. We also compared the performance of all methods on independent datasets and models from our laboratory. For all models, we used their original parameters. Results: Dummy encoding, hash encoding, and one-hot encoding perform best in various models. In addition, dummy encoding and one-hot encoding are the best for processing RNA data, while hash encoding is superior to other methods for processing promoter data. Also, when processing part-or full-sequence data, the performance of dummy encoding, hash encoding, and one-hot encoding is similar. Besides that, in sisRNA datasets and prediction models of Arabidopsis and rice, dummy encoding and one-hot encoding achieve higher prediction accuracy. Conclusions: We conclude that the best encoding method varies when the data set changes. One-hot encoding, dummy encoding, and hash encoding are the three best methods for six models. This study fills the gap on sequence encoding methods in deep learning and can provide a valuable reference for the community.
SEEDLING AND EFFECT OF NACL ON SEED GERMINATION DEVELOPMENT OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L)

:-Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations (0 ، 20 ، 40 ، 75 90 and 150) mM of NaCl on seed germination and seedling development of barley (Hordeum vulgare L) Rihane 03. The results showed that the germination percentage, root and shoot lengths and fresh and dry weights, Chlorophyll and carotene concentration decreased in plant varieties with increase in salt level especially at 90,150 mM. However, variety Rihane 03 showed response at all salinity levels.
Numerical Calculation for Subsonic Compressible Supercavitating Flow over Disk-Cavitator

A finite volume method has been formulated based on the ideal compressible potential theory. By using the continuity equation and Tait state equation as well as Riabouchinsky closure model, an "inverse problem" solution has been presented for the supercavitating flow. According to the impenetrable condition on the surface of supercavity, a new iterative method for the supercavity shape has been designed to deal with the effect of compressibility on supercavity shape and pressure field. The supercavity shape changes from ellipse to taper, as well as the drag coefficient increases with Mach number increasing. The results compare well with the experiment data and empirical formula, and the numerical method is proven to be valid.
A Real-World Cost-Effectiveness Study Evaluating Imaging Strategies for the Diagnostic Workup of Renal Colic in the Emergency Department

Introduction Both non-contrast Computed Tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) are used for the diagnosis of renal colic in the emergency department (ED). Although US reduces radiation exposure, its diagnostic accuracy is inferior to that of CT. In this context, data regarding the cost and organizational impact of these strategies represent essential elements in the choice of imaging; however, they remain poorly documented. Aim of the study The aim of this study was to compare the costs and effectiveness of diagnostic workup by US and CT for patients consulting with renal colic in the ED. Methods We conducted a monocentric real-life retrospective study of patients consulting for a renal colic in an ED between 1 July 2018 and 31 December 2018. We estimated length of stay (LOS), total hospital costs at 60 days including ED, and initial and repeat admissions. Patients with initial US in the ED were compared to patients with initial CT using inverse probability weighting of the propensity score calculated from demographic variables, vital parameters, and clinical presentation. We calculated the incremental cost effectiveness ratio as the difference in costs by the difference in LOS. The variability of the results was assessed using non-parametric bootstrapping. Results In this study, of the 273 patients included, 67 were patients assessed with US and 206 with CT. The average costs were €1159 (SD 1987) and €956 (SD 1462) for US and CT, respectively, and the ED LOS was 8.9 [CI 95% 8.1; 9.4] and 8.7 [CI 95% 7.9; 9.9] hours for US and CT, respectively. CT was associated with a decreased LOS by 0.139 [CI 95% −1.1; 1.5] hours and was cost-saving, with a €199 [CI 95% −745; 285] reduction per patient. Conclusion When imaging is required in the ED for suspected renal colic as recommended, there is real-life evidence that CT is a cost-effective strategy compared to US, reducing costs and LOS in the ED.
Polarization from a dust ring surrounding the peculiar Be star HD 45677.

Polarization, which reaches a maximum in the near-red spectral region, supports the model of a dust ring HD 45677. From the observed polarization and the extinction caused by a typical dust cloud in the circumstellar region together with independent spectroscopic and infrared data, it is possible to estimate the mass-loss rate is 7 x 10/sup -8/ M/sub sun/ per year, and the gas-to-dust ratio is an order of magnitude smaller than that for the interstellar medium. The details of this model are consistent with the observed amount of polarization and the time scale of its variability. (AIP)
Resonant electron firehose instability: Particle-in-cell simulations

Consider a collisionless, homogeneous plasma in which the electron velocity distribution is a bi-Maxwellian with T⊥<T∥, where the subscripts refer to directions relative to the background magnetic field B0. If this anisotropy is sufficiently large and the electron β∥ is sufficiently greater than one, linear dispersion theory predicts that a cyclotron resonant electron firehose instability is excited at propagation oblique to B0 with growth rates less than the electron cyclotron frequency |Ωe| and zero real frequency. This theory at constant maximum growth rate yields threshold conditions for this growing mode of the form 1−T⊥e/T∥e=Se′/β∥eαe′, where the two fitting parameters satisfy 1≲Se′≲2 and αe′≲1.0 over 2.0⩽β∥e⩽25.0. The first particle-in-cell computer simulations of the resonant electron firehose instability are described here. These simulations show that enhanced magnetic field fluctuations reach a maximum value of |δB|2/B02 which increases with β∥e. These enhanced fields scatter the electrons, redu.
Management of Osteoarthritis and Joint Support Using Feed Supplements: A Scoping Review of Undenatured Type II Collagen and Boswellia serrata

Simple Summary Undenatured type II collagen and Boswellia serrata are feed supplements that have been used for years in the multimodal management of osteoarthritis (OA), with the aim of maintaining articular cartilage and reducing the inflammatory state. The objective of this review is to analyse how the administration of undenatured type II collagen and Boswellia serrata or both combined in the same product influences the management of OA and helps support joint health and mobility. Twenty-six articles were selected, which were carefully analysed. It was observed, based on different methods, that the use of these two feed supplements is a valid option for the long-term multimodal management of OA, improves the general condition, appetite and mobility, and reduces the degree of lameness. Its use before intense exercise is associated with greater activity and less response from inflammatory biomarkers. Abstract In the multimodal management of osteoarthritis (OA) in recent decades, the use of feed supplements to maintain joint cartilage has been advocated. The aim of this scoping review is to present the results found in the veterinary literature on the use of undenatured type II collagen and Boswellia serrata in dogs, specifically its use in dogs with clinical signs of OA, healthy dogs after intense exercise or dogs with diseases that predispose the individual to OA. For this purpose, a literature review was carried out using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, from which a total of 26 records were included in this review: fourteen evaluating undenatured type II collagen, ten evaluating Boswellia serrata and two evaluating the combination of undenatured type II collagen and Boswellia serrata. The review of the records showed that undenatured type II collagen decreases the clinical signs associated with OA, improving the general clinical state with a reduction in the degree of lameness and increase in physical activity or mobility. Evaluating the response to supplementation with Boswellia serrata alone is complicated due to the limited publication of studies and variations in the purity and compositions of the products used, but in general terms, its combination with other feed supplements produces benefits by relieving pain and reducing the clinical signs of OA in dogs. The combination of both in the same product provides results similar to those obtained in undenatured type II collagen studies. In conclusion, undenatured type II collagen and Boswellia serrata are considered a valid option for the multimodal approach to the management of OA and for improving activity during intense exercise, but more studies are needed to conclude whether or not it prevents OA in dogs.
Simulating the Baltic Sea ice season with a coupled ice‐ocean model

The Baltic Sea ice season climatology is studied with a coupled ice-ocean model. The evolution of sea temperature, ice thickness and ice drift has been simulated for three particular ice seasons, normal (1983/84), severe (1986/87) and mild (1991/92), forced with the prescribed daily atmospheric data. The ice model is a plastic Hibler model with a three-level ice thickness distribution (open water, undeformed ice and ridged ice) and thermodynamics. The ocean model consists of a barotropic circulation model with 4-layer vertical thermodynamic evolution. The models are coupled via the momentum and heat fluxes; the grid size is 10′ in latitude and 20′ in longitude. With the same initial conditions and observed meteorological forcing, a fully prognostic thirteen-months integration was performed for each ice season from 1 May to 31 May in the following year. The model results were compared with routine ice charts. The annual cycles of sea surface temperature, ice thickness and coverage, and the interannual variability of the ice seasons were realistically simulated. Ocean surface temperatures were produced well in the shallow sea areas, but over the deeper central parts of the basins they were too warm in the winter stage. On the average and severe winters the predicted maximum ice extent was about 20% less than that observed, while in the mild winter the agreement was very good. Basin scale features were rather well realized in the ice thickness field. The freezing date and ice growth were in agreement with observations, but the beginning of the ice melting was delayed which led to about 1–2 weeks delay in the ice break-up date. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1996. t01-4-00003.x
Applicability and failure of the flux-gradient laws in double-diffusive convection

Abstract Double-diffusive flux-gradient laws are commonly used to describe the development of large-scale structures driven by salt fingers – thermohaline staircases, collective instability waves and intrusions. The flux-gradient model assumes that the vertical transport is uniquely determined by the local background temperature and salinity gradients. While flux-gradient laws adequately capture mixing characteristics on scales that greatly exceed those of primary double-diffusive instabilities, their accuracy rapidly deteriorates when the scale separation between primary and secondary instabilities is reduced. This study examines conditions for the breakdown of the flux-gradient laws using a combination of analytical arguments and direct numerical simulations. The applicability (failure) of the flux-gradient laws at large (small) scales is illustrated through the example of layering instability, which results in the spontaneous formation of thermohaline staircases from uniform temperature and salinity gradients. Our inquiry is focused on the properties of the ‘point-of-failure’ scale ( $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}H_{pof}$ ) at which the vertical transport becomes significantly affected by the non-uniformity of the background stratification. It is hypothesized that $H_{pof} $ can control some key characteristics of secondary double-diffusive phenomena, such as the thickness of high-gradient interfaces in thermohaline staircases. A more general parametrization of the vertical transport – the flux-gradient-aberrancy law – is proposed, which includes the selective damping of relatively short wavelengths that are inadequately represented by the flux-gradient models. The new formulation is free from the unphysical behaviour of the flux-gradient laws at small scales (e.g. the ultraviolet catastrophe) and can be readily implemented in theoretical and large-scale numerical models of double-diffusive convection.
Interacting waves on chains of split-ring resonators in the presence of retardation

Wave propagation is studied experimentally in a one-dimensional periodic chain of magnetically coupled split-ring resonators with a spacing of about one tenth of the resonant wavelength. Retardation leads to a strong interaction between magnetoinductive and free-space waves. Two kinds of guided modes are observed: a slow backward wave which propagates far outside the light cone, and a fast forward wave close to the light cone. The two merge in a region of zero group velocity. The results are relevant for all one- and two-dimensional periodic systems interacting with waves of the surrounding space.
The spin hamiltonian

The author derives a spin hamiltonian V(S) for the g fold degenerate level of a system perturbed in first order by a physical perturbation V; the derivation explicitly relates the coefficients a, b, c,. of V(S) to the matrix elements VMM' of V between the zero order physical basis functions psi M. He shows how the symmetry of V and time reversal affect V(S), and considers three often treated examples as an illustration of the power and unity of his method.
Acoustic tomography of the atmosphere at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory.

An array for acoustic tomography of the atmosphere has been built at the NOAA Boulder Atmospheric Observatory. In this paper, a short description of the array and some acoustic tomography results are presented. The array consists of three speaker and five microphone towers located along the perimeter of a square with a side length of 80 m. The towers are 9.1 m high. The speakers and microphones can be located at different (multiple) levels on the towers to do three‐dimensional tomography. The transducers are connected via cables with the central command and data acquisition computer. The array enables measurements of travel times of sound propagation between different pairs of speakers and microphones. The measurements are done repeatedly within a short time interval so that the information about the temporal change in the travel times can be employed in tomographic reconstruction. Then, these travel times are used as input data in a time‐dependent stochastic inversion for reconstruction of temperature an.
[Left ventricular deformation: similarities and dissimilarities in elite sport activity- and acromegaly-related abnormalities.]

INTRODUCTION Acromegaly is a chronic endocrine disorder, which produces a significant amount of human growth hormone and consequently insulin-like growth factor in adulthood due to a tumor in the pituitary gland. If left untreated, it can have a significant effect on the cardiovascular system. It is also known that elite sport activity is also associated with physiologic cardiac transformation, the so-called athletes' heart, in which volumetric and functional adaptation of the heart cavities can be observed. OBJECTIVE In accordance with the above facts, the question may rightly arise as to what differences can be observed in left ventricular morphology and function in acromegaly, and what similarities and dissimilarities do the obtained results show compared to the values of healthy non-athlete adults compared to the values of the left ventricle of young elite athletes. METHOD The present study comprised 21 elite athletes playing high dynamic sports (mean age: 31.2 ± 6.4 years, 13 males) and 18 acromegaly patients (mean age: 47.9 ± 8.9 years, 9 males). Their results were compared to those of 22 negative controls (mean age: 47.7 ± 10.6 years, 13 males). RESULTS Left ventricle is dilated, but its function is preserved in both elite athletes and patients with acromegaly. While increased longitudinal and circumferential left ventricular strains could be seen in elite athletes primarily due to the more pronounced contractility of left ventricular apical segments, increased radial left ventricular strain was detected in acromegaly due to increased function of the left ventricular basal region. Left ventricular rotational mechanics show different patterns as well: while basal left ventricular rotation is decreased in elite athletes, apical left ventricular rotation showed a reduction leading to the significant deterioration of left ventricular twist in acromegaly. CONCLUSION Both elite athletes playing high dynamic sports and acromegaly patients have dilated left ventricle, more pronounced regional left ventricular contractility and left ventricular rotational abnormalities with differences in nature and extent of these alterations as compared to those of non-sporting healthy subjects. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(8): 308-316.
A performance comparison of coupled and uncoupled versions of the Met Office seasonal prediction general circulation model

Wecompare the performance of the MetOffice’s ocean’atmosphere coupled general circulation model (CGCM) seasonal prediction system with that of an atmosphere-only system (AGCM). The CGCM and AGCM systems share the same atmospheric component and the performance comparison therefore provides insight into the skill benefits available from coupling atmosphere and ocean models. In this study, the AGCM is forced with predicted sea surface temperature (SST) based on persistence of prior observed SST anomalies. The analysis uses 43-yr, nine-member ensemble hindcast data sets generated with both systems as part of the European Union project DEMETER. Results are focused on global and regional comparisons of long-term skill for probabilistic prediction of 2-m temperature in the upper tercile, and on selected case studies for the tropics and Europe. Performance assessments using relative operating characteristic scores, Brier skill scores and the resolution and reliability terms of the Brier score decomposition are contrasted. The largest CGCM benefits are found in tropical regions, where benefits to both resolution (essentially ‘event detection’) and to reliability (essentially ‘calibration’ of the forecast probabilities) are demonstrated. Improvements to reliability are found to be substantially greater than improvements to resolution. Regional assessments show benefits, as expected, in the tropical east Pacific, from improved prediction of SST variability associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, substantial benefits are also seen throughout the tropical belt in seasons associated with the peak and decay of ENSO activity. Such benefits appear associated with representation of lagged teleconnection responses to ENSO in the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In the extratropics, CGCM improvements to reliability are also substantial, although benefits to resolution (assessed over large regions) appear negligible. Two classes of benefit are described. First, advantages from improved ENSO predictions appear to benefit skill in the North Pacific and North American regions, through teleconnection responses. Secondly, there is evidence of benefits from representation of coupled processes over the North Atlantic. In particular, CGCM skill benefits for prediction of spring season temperature in the European region appear to derive, in part, from coupled model representation of linkage between a well-documented tripole pattern in North Atlantic SST anomalies and the North Atlantic oscillation. This result provides encouraging evidence that use of CGCMs offers prospects for improving seasonal prediction in the extratropics through representation of coupled ocean’atmosphere processes in extratropical ocean basins, as well as through indirect impacts from improved prediction of ENSO and associated teleconnections.
A new model for predicting the occurrence of polycystic ovary syndrome: Based on data of tongue and pulse

Background and objective Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common types of endocrine and metabolic diseases in women of reproductive age that needs to be screened early and assessed non-invasively. The objective of the current study was to develop prediction models for polycystic ovary syndrome based on data of tongue and pulse using machine learning techniques. Methods A dataset of 285 polycystic ovary syndrome patients and 201 healthy women were investigated to identify the significant tongue and pulse parameters for predicting polycystic ovary syndrome. In this study, feature selection was performed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Several machine learning algorithms (multilayer perceptron classifier, eXtreme gradient boosting classifier, and support vector machine) were used to construct the classification models to predict the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome. Results TB-L, TB-a, TB-b, TC-L, TC-a, h3, and h4/h1 in tongue and pulse parameters were statistically associated with polycystic ovary syndrome presence. Among the several machine learning techniques, the support vector machine model was optimal for the comprehensive evaluation of this dataset and deduced the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, DeLong test, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. Conclusion The machine learning model with tongue and pulse factors can predict the existence of polycystic ovary syndrome precisely.