Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UNIFYING THE ZOO OF JET-DRIVEN STELLAR EXPLOSIONS

We present a set of numerical simulations of stellar explosions induced by relativistic jets emanating from a central engine sitting at the center of compact, dying stars. We explore a wide range of durations of the central engine activity, two candidate stellar progenitors, and two possible values of the total energy release. We find that even if the jets are narrowly collimated, their interaction with the star unbinds the stellar material, producing a stellar explosion. We also find that the outcome of the explosion can be very different depending on the duration of the engine activity. Only the longest-lasting engines result in successful gamma-ray bursts. Engines that power jets only for a short time result in relativistic supernova (SN) explosions, akin to observed engine-driven SNe such as SN2009bb. Engines with intermediate durations produce weak gamma-ray bursts, with properties similar to nearby bursts such as GRB 980425. Finally, we find that the engines with the shortest durations, if they exist in nature, produce stellar explosions that lack sizable amounts of relativistic ejecta and are therefore dynamically indistinguishable from ordinary core-collapse SNe.
CHARACTERIZING SPIRAL ARM AND INTERARM STAR FORMATION

Interarm star formation contributes significantly to a galaxy’s star formation budget and provides an opportunity to study stellar birthplaces unperturbed by spiral arm dynamics. Using optical integral field spectroscopy of the nearby galaxy NGC 628 with VLT/MUSE, we construct Hα maps including detailed corrections for dust extinction and stellar absorption to identify 391 H ii regions at 35 pc resolution over 12 kpc2. Using tracers sensitive to the underlying gravitational potential, we associate H ii regions with either arm (271) or interarm (120) environments. Using our full spectral coverage of each region, we find that most physical properties (luminosity, size, metallicity, ionization parameter) of H ii regions are independent of environment. We calculate the fraction of Hα luminosity due to the background of diffuse ionized gas (DIG) contaminating each H ii region, and find the DIG surface brightness to be higher within H ii regions than in the surroundings, and slightly higher within arm H ii regions. Use of the temperature-sensitive [S ii]/Hα line ratio instead of the Hα surface brightness to identify the boundaries of H ii regions does not change this result. Using the dust attenuation as a tracer of the gas, we find depletion times consistent with previous work (2 × 109 yr) with no differences between the arm and interarm, but this is very sensitive to the DIG correction. Unlike molecular clouds, which can be dynamically affected by the galactic environment, we see fairly consistent properties of H ii regions in both arm and interarm environments. This suggests either a difference in star formation and feedback in arms or a decoupling of dense star-forming clumps from the more extended surrounding molecular gas.
A HUGE RESERVOIR OF IONIZED GAS AROUND THE MILKY WAY: ACCOUNTING FOR THE MISSING MASS?

Most of the baryons from galaxies have been “missing” and several studies have attempted to map the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies in their quest. We report on X-ray observations made with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory probing the warm-hot phase of the CGM of our Milky Way at about 106 K. We detect O vii and O viii absorption lines at z = 0 in extragalactic sight lines and measure accurate column densities using both Kα and Kβ lines of O vii. We then combine these measurements with the emission measure of the Galactic halo from literature to derive the density and the path length of the CGM. We show that the warm-hot phase of the CGM is massive, extending over a large region around the Milky Way, with a radius of over 100 kpc. The mass content of this phase is over 10 billion solar masses, many times more than that in cooler gas phases and comparable to the total baryonic mass in the disk of the Galaxy. The missing mass of the Galaxy appears to be in this warm-hot gas phase.
Introduction to the theory of solid surfaces

First published in 1979, this is a self-contained account of the theory of surface physics. In drawing together many results only previously reported in research papers, the authors emphasise basic disciplines such as electrodynamics and electron gas theory and demonstrate their application to simple models. Connections between intuitive derivations and more rigourous formulations are explained and there is an extensive treatment of the general problem of matching at a surface as a mathematical formalism with a physical meaning. Commonly recurring concepts such as surface modes, Green functions and phase shifts link different parts of the book, so giving coherence to the theory as a whole. A good background in physics is assumed but no previous acquaintance with surface physics. Starting from first principles, the reader is led from elementary analysis to the level of current research literature. The book is thus suitable for postgraduate students, post-doctoral workers or anyone wanting a systematic introduction to the field.
Circular geodesic of Bardeen and Ayon–Beato–Garcia regular black-hole and no-horizon spacetimes

In this paper, we study circular geodesic motion of test particles and photons in the Bardeen and Ayon–Beato–Garcia (ABG) geometry describing spherically symmetric regular black-hole or no-horizon spacetimes. While the Bardeen geometry is not exact solution of Einstein's equations, the ABG spacetime is related to self-gravitating charged sources governed by Einstein's gravity and nonlinear electrodynamics. They both are characterized by the mass parameter m and the charge parameter g. We demonstrate that in similarity to the Reissner–Nordstrom (RN) naked singularity spacetimes an antigravity static sphere should exist in all the no-horizon Bardeen and ABG solutions that can be surrounded by a Keplerian accretion disc. However, contrary to the RN naked singularity spacetimes, the ABG no-horizon spacetimes with parameter g/m > 2 can contain also an additional inner Keplerian disc hidden under the static antigravity sphere. Properties of the geodesic structure are reflected by simple observationally relevant optical phenomena. We give silhouette of the regular black-hole and no-horizon spacetimes, and profiled spectral lines generated by Keplerian rings radiating at a fixed frequency and located in strong gravity region at or nearby the marginally stable circular geodesics. We demonstrate that the profiled spectral lines related to the regular black-holes are qualitatively similar to those of the Schwarzschild black-holes, giving only small quantitative differences. On the other hand, the regular no-horizon spacetimes give clear qualitative signatures of their presence while compared to the Schwarschild spacetimes. Moreover, it is possible to distinguish the Bardeen and ABG no-horizon spacetimes, if the inclination angle to the observer is known.
Regularity at infinity and global fibrations of real algebraic maps

Let f:K^n-->K^p be a C^2 semi-algebraic mapping for K=R and a polynomial mapping for K=C. It is well-known that f is a locally trivial topological fibration over the complement of the bifurcation set B(f). In this work, we consider the t-regularity and rho-regularity to study B(f). We show that t-regularity is equivalent to regularity conditions of Rabier (1997), Gaffney (1999), Kurdyka, Orro, Simon (2000) and Jelonek (2003). We prove that t-regularity implies rho-regularity. From rho-regularity, we define the set of non rho-regular values S(f), and the set A_{rho}, which is the union of f(Sing f) and S(f). We prove a structure theorem for S(f) and A_{rho}. We also obtain that B(f) is contained in A_{rho}. We study also two classes of maps, the fair maps and the Newton non-degenerate maps. For fair maps, we give an interpretation of t-regularity in terms of integral closure of modules, which is a real counterpart of Gaffney's result (1999). For non-degenerate maps, we obtain an approximation for B(f) through a set which depends on the Newton polyhedron of f (results like this have been obtained by Nemethi and Zaharia (1990) and by Chen and Tibar (2012)). To finish, we discuss some consequences of our work: the t-regularity for maps f: X-->K^p, where X is a smooth affine variety; the problem of bijectivity of semi-algebraic maps; and a formula to compute the Euler characteristic of regular fibers of f:R^n-->R^{n-1}. The above results are also extensions of some results obtained, for polynomial functions f:K^n-->K, by Nemethi and Zaharia (1990), Siersma and Tibar (1995), Paunescu and Zaharia (1997), Parusinski (1995) and Tibar (1998).
Energy transfer and dissipation in equilibrium and nonequilibrium turbulence

The nonequilibrium dissipation behaviour discovered for decaying fractal square grid-generated turbulence is experimentally investigated using hot-wire anemometry in a wind tunnel. The previous results are consolidated and benchmarked with turbulence generated by regular square-mesh grids, designed to retain certain geometrical parameters of the fractal square grid. This comparison shows that the nonequilibrium behaviour is manifested in both fractal square grid- and regular square-mesh grid-generated turbulence for a downstream region during the turbulence decay up to the first few multiples of the wake interaction distance. For one of the regular grids it is shown that beyond this region there is a transition to the classical dissipation behaviour if the local turbulent Reynolds number is sufficiently high. A sharp conclusion can thus be drawn that this behaviour is more general than initially thought and therefore of much greater scientific and engineering significance. The nonequilibrium dissipation phenomena is further investigated by experimentally measuring the terms of an inhomogeneous von Karman-Howarth-Monin equation. This equation is essentially a scale-by-scale energy transfer budget. From the data it is shown that the inhomogeneity of the turbulent flow does not tamper with the nonequilibrium phenomena and that the scaling of the nonlinear energy transfer, i.e. the transfer of energy to the small-scales, is out of balance with the dissipation. This imbalance leads to the growth of the small-scale advection to compensate for the increasing gap between the energy transferred and the energy dissipated. For the highest Reynolds number data it is also shown that the nonequilibrium dissipation scaling appears to be consistent with the expectation that it is asymptotically independent of the viscosity with a power-law spectra with the Kolmogorov-Obukhov exponent -5/3.
A Ka-Band Bandpass filter with Cylindrical Cavity Resonators using a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)

A Ka-band Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) 2-poles bandpass filter with metalized cylindrical cavities is proposed for satellite communications and closed range RADARS. The proposed filter inherits the bandpass characteristics of conventional waveguide and bandstop features of periodic structures. Hence, a Substrate Integrated Waveguide filter is designed with linear array of metallized cylindrical cavities implanted inside the same substrate along the side walls and inside the substrate in periodic pattern . A bandpass filter with passband of 38.7–40.5 GHz is designed on a single-layer Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. Simulated results exhibit insertion loss better than 29 dB and return loss less than 0.1 dB.
MEASURING QUASAR VARIABILITY WITH Pan-STARRS1 AND SDSS

We measure quasar variability using the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System 1 Survey (Pan-STARRS1 or PS1) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and establish a method of selecting quasars via their variability in 104 deg2 surveys. We use 105 spectroscopically confirmed quasars that have been well measured in both PS1 and SDSS and take advantage of the decadal timescales that separate SDSS measurements and PS1 measurements. A power law model fits the data well over the entire time range tested, 0.01–10 yr. Variability in the current PS1–SDSS data set can efficiently distinguish between quasars and nonvarying objects. It improves the purity of a griz quasar color cut from 4.1% to 48% while maintaining 67% completeness. Variability will be very effective at finding quasars in data sets with no u band and in redshift ranges where exclusively photometric selection is not efficient. We show that quasars' rest-frame ensemble variability, measured as a root mean squared in Δ magnitudes, is consistent with V(z, L, t) = A0(1 + z)0.37(L/L0)−0.16(t/1 yr)0.246, where L0 = 1046 erg s−1 and A0 = 0.190, 0.162, 0.147, or 0.141 in the gP1, rP1, iP1, or zP1filter, respectively. We also fit across all four filters and obtain median variability as a function of z, L, and λ as V(z, L, λ, t) = 0.079(1 + z)0.15(L/L0)−0.2(λ/1000 nm)−0.44(t/1 yr)0.246.
Perception, Comprehension And Cognizance Of Dental Insurance- A Cross Sectional Study Amid Keralites

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT AIM: To gauge the knowledge, awareness and utilization regarding dental insurance, and utilization of dental services by insured and uninsured Keralites. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among Keralites aged 25 to 56 years regarding their knowledge, awareness and perception about dental insurance, and utilization of dental services. Descriptive statistics and chi square tests were used to analyze the collected data. RESULTS: Most of the participants approach a dentist just for emergency treatment (47%) and are in need of a dental insurance scheme (58.4%). CONCLUSION: Unless some insurance schemes like ESI/CGHS/HDFC ergo general insurance, Keralites are in need of a dental insurance scheme which can reduce their financial as well as oral disease burden.
Board Diversity and Profitability in Small-Capitalization Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

The objective of the study is to determine the influence of board diversity on profitability with sales growth as a control variable in small capitalization companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research sample was determined by rankingcapitalization from the largest to the smallest. The companies with a capitalization value of IDR. 1 billion and under are categorized as small-capitalization companies. By using the Solvin method, a number of 47 companies as research samples were obtained. The observation was conducted from 2013 through 2017. The research model used multiple regression with profitability as the dependent variable. The results of the study indicate that the age of the board directors tends to affect the profitability of small-capitalization companies at a 95% confidence level. Furthermore, at the confidence level of 90%, the presence ofwomenon the board of commissioners may have a positive effect on the profit of small-capitalization companies. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date
Genome-Wide Cell-Free DNA Test for Fetal Chromosomal Abnormalities and Variants: Unrestricted Versus Restricted Reporting

This study aimed to compare the screening performance of genome-wide cfDNA testing for chromosomal abnormalities between two periods where additional findings were reported and not reported. Data were obtained from consecutive pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy at ≥10 weeks who requested cfDNA testing during 2015–2019. The performance of screening of the cfDNA test was determined by calculating the concordance rate, detection rate, and false-positive rate. Data from 3981 women were included. The no-result rates were similar between the two reporting periods (2.04% vs. 2.08%). Concordance rates for trisomy 21 and 18 were 100% and 100%, respectively. There were two cases tested high risk for trisomy 13, with a concordance rate of 0%. In total, 12 cases were high risk for any sex chromosome aneuploidy with an overall concordance of 75%, and 15 cases tested high risk for any rare autosomal trisomy, with a 13.3% concordance rate. The detection rates for trisomy 21 and 18 were 100% and 100%, respectively. For any SCA, the detection rate was 90%. For the two reporting periods, the combined false-positive rates were 0.93% and 0.17%, which were significantly different (p = 0.002). Restricting the reporting of additional findings from genome-wide cfDNA analysis has reduced the false-positive rate but without a reduction in the no-result rate.
Laboratory-based limits on the Carroll-Field-Jackiw Lorentz-violating electrodynamics

The CPT-odd and Lorentz-violating Carroll-Field-Jackiw modification of electrodynamics is discussed and we study its effects on the energy spectrum of hydrogen, as well as in the generation of a momentum-dependent electric dipole moment for charged leptons. We also briefly comment on the possibility of the detection of Lorentz violation in measurements of vacuum birefringence in resonant cavities. The bounds found are based on local laboratory experimental limits and are not competitive with the ones coming from astrophysical considerations.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Promotes Increased Proportions of the Highly Permissive Th17-like Cell Profile during HIV Infection

In this study, we evaluate the role of the MIF/CD74 axis in the functionality of CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD4TL) during HIV infection. MDMs from healthy donors were infected with a R5-tropic or Transmitted/Founder (T/F) HIV strain. At day 11 post-MDM infection, allogeneic co-cultures with uninfected CD4TLs plus MIF stimulus were performed. Cytokine production was evaluated by ELISA. MIF plasma levels of people with HIV (PWH) were evaluated by ELISA. The phenotype and infection rate of CD4TLs from PWH were analyzed after MIF stimulus. Intracellular cytokines and transcription factors were evaluated by flow cytometry. Data were analyzed by parametric or non-parametric methods. The MIF stimulation of HIV-infected MDMs induced an increased expression of IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8. In CD4TL/MDM co-cultures, the MIF treatment increased IL-17A/RORγt-expressing CD4TLs. Higher concentrations of IL-17A in supernatants were also observed. These results were recapitulated using transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 strains. The MIF treatment appeared to affect memory CD4TLs more than naïve CD4TLs. MIF blocking showed a negative impact on IL17A+CD4TL proportions. Higher MIF concentrations in PWH-derived plasma were correlated with higher IL-17A+CD4TL percentages. Finally, MIF stimulation in PWH-derived PBMCs led to an increase in Th17-like population. MIF may contribute to viral pathogenesis by generating a microenvironment enriched in activating mediators and Th17-like CD4TLs, which are known to be highly susceptible to HIV-1 infection and relevant to viral persistence. These observations establish a basis for considering MIF as a possible therapeutic target.
A search for H i absorption in nearby radio galaxies using HIPASS

Using archival data from the H I Parkes All Sky Survey (HIPASS) we have searched for 21 cm-line absorption in 204 nearby radio and star-forming galaxies with continuum flux densities greater thanS1:4 250 mJy within the redshift range0 < cz < 12000kms 1 . By applying a detection method based on Bayesian model comparison, we successfully detect and model absorption against the radio-loud nuclei of four galaxies, of which the Seyfert 2 galaxy 2MASX J130804201-2422581 was previously unknown. All four detections were achieved against compact radio sources, which include three active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and a nuclear starburst, exhibiting high dust and molecular gas content. Our results are consistent with the detection rate achieved by the recent ALFALFA H I absorption pilot survey by Darling et al. and we predict that the full ALFALFA survey should yield more than 3‐4 times as many detections as we have achieved here. Furthermore, we predict that future all-sky surveys on the SKA precursor telescopes will be able to detect such strong absorption systems associated with type-2 AGNs at much higher redshifts, providing potential targets for detection of H2O megamaser emission at cosmological redshifts.
Scaling of ground-state fidelity in the thermodynamic limit: XY model and beyond

We study ground-state fidelity defined as the overlap between two ground states of the same quantum system obtained for slightly different values of the parameters of its Hamiltonian. We focus on the thermodynamic regime of the XY model and the neighborhood of its critical points. We describe extensively fidelity when it is dominated by the universal contribution reflecting the quantum criticality of the phase transition. We show that proximity to the multicritical point leads to anomalous scaling of fidelity. We also discuss fidelity in a regime characterized by pronounced oscillations resulting from the change in either the system size or the parameters of the Hamiltonian. Moreover, we show when fidelity is dominated by non-universal contributions, study fidelity in the extended Ising model, and illustrate how our results provide additional insight into dynamics of quantum phase transitions. Special attention is given to studies of fidelity from the momentum space perspective. All our main results are obtained analytically. They are in excellent agreement with numerics.
Analysis of the Disparity between Recurring and Temporary Collaborative Performance: A Literature Review between 1994 and 2021

Performance frameworks are common ways to guarantee the success of a collaboration by assessment/improvement of the organisations. However, collaborative performance in recurring collaborations (RC) and temporary ones (TC) are being measured differently due to their inherent characteristics. A systematic review of 282 existing studies, from 2000 onwards, into collaborative networks divided between RC and TC based on the duration of collaboration and the application of the studies was performed. The result gave rise to the thematic analysis of the textual narratives, as well as a quantitative meta-summary of the synthesis. The review shows two different approaches to guarantee the performance of the collaboration. The first group provide a recipe for success by recognizing the causal relationship between nine collaborative measures, including information and risk sharing, trust, commitment, agility, power balance, leadership, prior-experience, and alignment. The second group ensures the success of collaboration by selecting suitable partners based on their previous performance emerging through synergy, readiness, agility and internal–external factors. The reasoning behind these differences are discussed and the current gaps in research are outlined.