Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute exercise increases plasma levels of muscle-derived microvesicles carrying fatty acid transport proteins.

CONTEXT Microvesicles (MVs) are a class of membrane particles shed by any cell in the body in physiological and pathological conditions. They are considered to be key players in intercellular communication, and with a molecular content reflecting the composition of the cell of origin, they have recently emerged as a promising source of biomarkers in a number of diseases. OBJECTIVE The effects of acute exercise on the plasma concentration of skeletal muscle-derived microvesicles (SkMVs) carrying metabolically important membrane proteins were examined. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirteen obese male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 14 obese healthy male controls exercised on a cycle ergometer for 60 min. Muscle biopsies and blood samples obtained before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 3-h into recovery were collected for the analysis of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) transport proteins CD36 (SR-B2) and FATP4 mRNA content in muscle, and for flow cytometric studies on circulating SkMVs carrying either LCFA transport protein. Besides establishing a novel flow cytometric approach for the detection of circulating SkMVs and subpopulations carrying either CD36 or FATP4, and thereby adding proof to their existence, we demonstrated for the first time an overall exercise-induced change of SkMVs carrying these LCFA transport proteins. A positive correlation between exercise-induced changes in skeletal muscle CD36 mRNA expression and concentrations of SkMVs carrying CD36 was found in T2DM only. CONCLUSIONS This approach could add important real-time information about the abundance of LCFA transport proteins present on activated muscle cells in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism.
Integrating Adjuvant Analgesics into Perioperative Pain Practice: Results from an Academic Medical Center.

BACKGROUND Opioid-sparing postoperative pain management therapies are important considering the opioid epidemic. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common and painful procedure accounting for a large number of opioid prescriptions. Adjuvant analgesics, nonopioid drugs with primary indications other than pain, have shown beneficial pain management and opioid-sparing effects following TKA in clinical trials. We evaluated the adjuvant analgesic gabapentin for its usage patterns and its effects on opioid use, pain, and readmissions. METHODS This retrospective, observational study included 4,046 patients who received primary TKA between 2009 and 2017 using electronic health records from an academic tertiary care medical institute. Descriptive statistics and multivariate modeling were used to estimate associations between inpatient gabapentin use and adverse pain outcomes as well as inpatient oral morphine equivalents per day (OME). RESULTS Overall, there was an 8.72% annual increase in gabapentin use (P < 0.001). Modeled estimates suggest that gabapentin is associated with a significant decrease in opioid consumption (estimate = 0.63, 95% confidence interval = 0.49-0.82, P < 0.001) when controlling for patient characteristics. Patients receiving gabapentin had similar discharge pain scores, follow-up pain scores, and 30-day unplanned readmission rates compared with patients receiving no adjuvant analgesics (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS When assessed in a real-world setting over a large cohort of TKA patients, gabapentin is an effective pain management therapy that is associated with reduced opioid consumption-a national priority in this time of opioid crisis-while maintaining the same quality of pain management.
Association of Rhinovirus C Bronchiolitis and Immunoglobulin E Sensitization During Infancy With Development of Recurrent Wheeze.

Importance Rhinovirus infection in early life, particularly with allergic sensitization, is associated with higher risks of developing recurrent wheeze and asthma. While emerging evidence links different rhinovirus species (eg, rhinovirus C) to a higher severity of infection and asthma exacerbation, to our knowledge, little is known about longitudinal associations of rhinovirus C infection during infancy with subsequent morbidities. Objective To examine the association of different viruses (respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], rhinovirus species) in bronchiolitis with risks of developing recurrent wheeze. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter prospective cohort study of infants younger than 1 year who were hospitalized for bronchiolitis was conducted at 17 hospitals across 14 US states during 3 consecutive fall to winter seasons (2011-2014). Exposures Major causative viruses of bronchiolitis, including RSV (reference group) and 3 rhinovirus species (rhinovirus A, B, and C). Main Outcomes and Measures Development of recurrent wheeze (as defined in national asthma guidelines) by age 3 years. Results This analytic cohort comprised 716 infants who were hospitalized for RSV-only or rhinovirus bronchiolitis. The median age was 2.9 months (interquartile range, 1.6-3.8 months), 541 (76%) had bronchiolitis with RSV only, 85 (12%) had rhinovirus A, 12 (2%) had rhinovirus B, and 78 (11%) had rhinovirus C infection. Overall, 231 (32%) developed recurrent wheeze by age 3 years. In the multivariable Cox model, compared with infants with RSV-only infection, the risk of recurrent wheeze was not significantly different in those with rhinovirus A or B (rhinovirus A: hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% CI, 0.86-1.88; rhinovirus B: HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.51-3.77; both P > .10). By contrast, infants with rhinovirus C had a significantly higher risk (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.08-2.32). There was a significant interaction between virus groups and IgE sensitization on the risk of recurrent wheeze (P for interaction < .01). Only infants with both rhinovirus C infection and IgE sensitization (to food or aeroallergens) during infancy had significantly higher risks of recurrent wheeze (HR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.20-7.61). Furthermore, compared with RSV-only, rhinovirus C infection with IgE sensitization was associated with significantly higher risks of recurrent wheeze with subsequent development of asthma at age 4 years (HR, 4.06; 95% CI, 1.17-14.1). Conclusions and Relevance This multicenter cohort study of infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis demonstrated between-virus differences in the risk of developing recurrent wheeze. Infants with rhinovirus C infection, along with IgE sensitization, had the highest risk. This finding was driven by the association with a subtype of recurrent wheeze: children with subsequent development of asthma.
Dietary partitioning promotes the coexistence of planktivorous species on coral reefs

Theories involving niche diversification to explain high levels of tropical diversity propose that species are more likely to co‐occur if they partition at least one dimension of their ecological niche space. Yet, numerous species appear to have widely overlapping niches based upon broad categorizations of resource use or functional traits. In particular, the extent to which food partitioning contributes to species coexistence in hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems remains unresolved. Here, we use a molecular approach to investigate inter‐ and intraspecific dietary partitioning between two species of damselfish (Dascyllus flavicaudus, Chromis viridis) that commonly co‐occur in branching corals. Species‐level identification of their diverse zooplankton prey revealed significant differences in diet composition between species despite their seemingly similar feeding strategies. Dascyllus exhibited a more diverse diet than Chromis, whereas Chromis tended to select larger prey items. A large calanoid copepod, Labidocera sp. , found in low density and higher in the water column during the day, explained more than 19% of the variation in dietary composition between Dascyllus and Chromis. Dascyllus did not significantly shift its diet in the presence of Chromis, which suggests intrinsic differences in feeding behaviour. Finally, prey composition significantly shifted during the ontogeny of both fish species. Our findings show that levels of dietary specialization among coral reef associated species have likely been underestimated, and they underscore the importance of characterizing trophic webs in tropical ecosystems at higher levels of taxonomic resolution. They also suggest that niche redundancy may not be as common as previously thought.
Heart rate variability dynamics during treatment for exertional heat strain when immediate response is not possible

What is the central question of this study? Does a delay in cold water immersion treatment affect the cardiac autonomic control of exertionally heat‐strained individuals? What is the main finding and its importance? Cold water immersion is effective for treating exertionally heat‐strained individuals even when treatment is commenced with a significant delay. However, that treatment delay leads to only partial/transient restoration of cardiac autonomic control. Therefore, we recommend that exertional heatstroke patients are continuously monitored for several hours even after core temperature has returned to normal values.
Activated T Cell-Mediated Immunotherapy with a Chimeric Receptor Against CD38 in B-Cell Malignancies.

CD38 is expected to be one of the most useful molecular targets on the surface of malignant B-cells. T cell-mediated immunotherapy with a chimeric receptor could provide a powerful tool for treating cancer. However, since CD38 is also expressed on effector cells such as activated T cells, NK cells, and monocytes, these cells with the chimeric receptor could be eliminated by autologous cytotoxicity through the interaction with the antigen. In this study, we developed a novel methodology for enhancing the survival and clonal expansion of T lymphocytes expressing an anti-CD38 chimeric receptor. Hut78 T cells, which express very little CD38, retrovirally transduced with the anti-CD38 chimeric receptor showed powerful cytotoxic activity against B cell lines expressing CD38, such as HT (lymphoma), RPMI8226 (myeloma), 380 (ALL-Ph1−) and OP-1 (ALL-Ph1+) cells (mean specific cytotoxicity was 97.94% ± 0.31% after four days of culture in vitro). However, in activated human T cells and Jurkat cells constitutively expressing CD38, the recovery rate of cells transduced with the chimeric receptor was extremely low, because the cells eradicated each other and/or themselves by inducing apoptosis. To block the interaction of the anti-CD38 chimeric receptor with CD38 antigen, we incubated activated T cells and Jurkat cells in medium supplemented with an anti-CD38 antibody before the transduction. The number of viable cells harvested after the transduction was dramatically increased by the antibody in a dose-dependent manner. Using this method, we prepared human peripheral T cells bearing the chimeric receptor and injected them into NOD/SCID mice, which were transplanted with HT cells labeled with luciferase. Lucuferase activity was not detectable in 13 days in five of six mice with T cells transduced with the chimeric receptor. In contrast, the activity had a rapid and steady increase in all of the mice injected with vector-transduced T cells. These results clearly showed that even though human peripheral T cells express any molecule on their surface, an antibody could protect T cells transduced with a chimeric receptor-containing vector from cytolysis, and apoptosis. These findings may provide us with a powerful tool for improving T cell-mediated targeting therapy.
Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean. Part 5. Bat fauna of Cyprus: review of records with confirmation of six species new for the island and description of a new subspecies

5) Abstract. A complete list of bat records available from Cyprus, based on both the literature data and new records gathered during recent field studies. The review of records is added with distribution maps and summaries of the distribution statuses of particular species. From the island of Cyprus, at least 195 confirmed records of 22 bat
Evaluation of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Hybrids Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Abstract Evaluation and characterization of sunflower hybrids using morphological, physiological and biochemical data are necessary and essential in sunflower breeding programs. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the productive possibilities of some sunflower hybrids grown in Macedonian environmental conditions. The experiment was carried out during the period 2013 and 2014 on the research field of the Faculty of Agriculture, “Goce Delchev” University – Shtip, in Ovche Pole locality, Republic of Macedonia. Total 20 sunflower hybrids were used as an experimental material. The trial was arranged as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The average content of oil and oleic acid were 45.6 and 65.2%, respectively. The highest seed yield from all sunflower hybrids was obtained for the hybrid NLK12M144 (3,344 kg ha–1) and the lowest for hybrid NLK12S126 (2,244 kg ha–1). Cluster analysis classified the sunflower hybrids into four groups based on agronomic traits and seed yield. Most of the hybrids were included in cluster I and III (7 hybrids) followed by cluster IV. Using principal component analysis two main components have been extracted, with eigenvalue greater than one. They account for 72.99% of the variability in the original data. Only four hybrids had positive values for both main components (NLK12M144, NLK12S070, NLK12S125 and NLN12N011 DMR). The results from this study can be used to identify the best sunflower hybrids grown under Macedonian environmental conditions and to select the superior hybrids for future exploitation.
The quantity and quality of feed available to indigenous chickens under the scavenging system in semi-arid Eastern Kenya

ABSTRACT Free range indigenous chickens suffer from low productivity due to inadequate quantity and quality of feed, high predation and high mortality rates. The aim of the study was to establish the nutritional gaps in the free range chickens’ diets. A total of 40 farmers from two locations participated in the study. The study used 548 chickens aged 7–8 months purchased from farmers. The experimental chickens were slaughtered before weighing the carcass and crop content. The weight of the gastro-intestinal tract, heart and liver was also recorded. The crop contents were analysed after drying in the oven for 48 hours at 60 °C to determine what was consumed. The mean live weight of the experimental chickens was 1443 ± 296 g. The chickens mainly fed on maize, which accounted for over 80% of their diet. The estimated metabolizable energy (ME) of the crop contents for the study chickens was 2887.8 Kcal/kg. Although the chickens from Kionyweni had significantly (P<0.05) higher ME than those from Kilome, it was lower than the 3044 Kcal/kg recommended for scavenging chickens. The crude protein (CP) was 10.6 ± 2.8%, which was lower than the 16–18% CP requirement for layers. The essential amino acids available to the chickens in the two study areas included lysine, tryptophan and methionine-cysteine. Their availability was higher during the rainy season compared to the dry season.
Digestibility, metabolic utilisation and effects on growth and slaughter traits of diets containing whole plant maize silage in heavy pigs

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the inclusion of high cut whole plant corn silage (HCCS) in diets for finishing heavy pigs on digestibility, metabolic utilisation, growth performance and slaughter traits. A control diet (CTR, containing maize meal, barley meal, extracted soybean meal and wheat bran, 550, 250, 90 and 80 g/kg DM, respectively) was compared with diet (CS) containing 200 g/kg DM of HCCS. The HCCS replaced wheat bran and part of maize meal in the CTR diet. In the first experiment, eight barrows were used in a two periods cross over design with periods of 21 d, included 7 d of total collection and three cycles of 24 h each in a respiratory chamber. In the second experiment, 28 barrows were divided into pairs on the basis of BW, kept in 14 pens and fed with the experimental diets until slaughter. Lower DM, OM, CP and energy total tract apparent digestibility was measured for the CS diet. Overall P retention as percentage of P intake was higher for CS diet, while N retention was similar for the two diets. Pigs fed CS tended to have a lower retained energy and the estimated NE of maize silage was 8.47 MJ/kg DM. Pigs fed the CS diets had a lower daily gain, a lower BW at slaughter and a reduction in the weight of back fat. The inclusion of HCCS increased the size of the stomach, the aNDFom concentration of stomach content and reduced the incidence of follicular gastritis.
Sweet Onion (Allium cepa) Plant Growth and Bulb Yield and Quality as Affected by Potassium and Sulfur Fertilization Rates

‘Vidalia’ onions are sweet, short day, low pungency, yellow Granex-type bulbs that are popular in the United States. The relationships of sweet onion bulb yield and quality with potassium (K) and sulfur (S) concentrations are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of K and S fertilization rates on sweet onion plant growth and bulb yield and quality. Experiments were conducted at the Horticulture Farm, Tifton Campus, University of Georgia, in the Winters of 2012–13 and 2013–14. The experiment had ﬁve treatments (K/S rates: 56/80, 112/126, 168/172, 224/ 218, and 280/264 kg · ha L 1 of K and S, respectively). K/S rates had no effect on onion biomass of roots, bulbs, and shoots during the growing season. Marketable and total number and weight of onion bulbs and individual bulb weight were also unaffected by K/S rate. Incidences of bolting, double bulbs, Botrytis leaf blight ( Botrytis cinerea ), and sour skin ( Burkholderia cepacia ), and bulb dry weight, soluble solids content (SSC), and pungency (pyruvate concentration) were unaffected by K/S rates. In conclusion, K/S rates had little effect on plant growth and bulb yield and quality. The lack of response of onion plants to K/S rates, even at the
SEARCH OF A NATURAL REMEDY FOR CONTROL OF FUSARIAL WILTING OF SISHAM (DALBERGIA SISSOO ROXB)

1* In present investigation frequent survey was conducted in order to collect wilted samples from 20 places of Eastern UP districts. Survey of these places revealed that wilting occurs in all age groups, even in nursery plants, in age group of 10-15 year, 15-20 year, 30-40 year, during humid months from July to September. In Basti district it was found highly alarming causing 50% wilting in July months followed by Siddharth Nagar, Santkabir Nagar and Gorakhpur district. The symptoms observed in all wilted plants were yellowing and death of leaves in acropetal succession and lastly entire plant in yellow appearance. So root samples were collected from wilted plants from these places for study of rhizoplane mycoflora. The root free from rhizosphere soil was cut into small pieces (5 mm-7 mm range) and plated on the medium at the rate of 5 pieces per petriplates and incubated at 28+2C for 6 days to observe the appearance of fungi. In all age group Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum were found to be present in both sterilized and unsterilized root pieces. During pathogenicity testing of both Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum it was found that Fusarium solani is highly powerful causing 80% wilting in plants. In nature plants are available which have volatile activity that can destroy fungal pathogens. So far 32 essential oils were extracted from higher plants and tested against Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum. The oil of Putranjiva roxburghii showed complete inhibition of mycelia growth of both test fungi at 500 ppm. The oil was thermostable at its mic of 500 ppm and exhibited wide range of activity at 1000 ppm. Moreover, the fungitoxicity was not destroyed by autoclaving and storage upto 120 days. In this way this plant have anti action against Fusarium. So a little mixed field trial at nursery bed level was conducted with Putranjiva which showed no wilting symptoms compared with separately grown control sets of sissoo
Relationships grow with time: a note of caution about energy expenditure-proxy correlations, focussing on accelerometry as an example

Summary 1. Scientists studying the energy expenditure of air-breathing divers are interested in developing a more tractable technique to support their endeavour. Accelerometers instrumented to animals can return a tangible measure of those animals’ activity levels, which in some situations correlates with their metabolic rate. 2. However, I argue that reported evidence for this correlation in semi-aquatic animals while diving is not always as strong as it seems. This is because some analyses have derived a measure of activity level by calculating the sum of accelerometry-based values and compared those data points to measures of summed (total) energy expenditure. These summations mean that time (duration) has been introduced into both sides of the regression equation. This is likely to generate a correlation between body acceleration and energy expenditure even if the two variables are not mechanistically linked because time will correlate with itself. 3. Thus, a strong relationship between a summed measure of energy expenditure and a summed proxy of energy expenditure indicates only that as time passes an animal burns calories. Issues concerning summation of variables in principle extend to other potential proxies of energy expenditure, such as heart rate. I demonstrate the artefactual eﬀect of regressing summed values with analyses of modelled data using ecologically valid parameters. 4. Unless a summed proxy predicts total energy expenditure substantially better than does time alone, there is little evidence upon which to base a claim that body acceleration is suitably predictive of metabolic rate. Clarity about the predictive power of body acceleration to estimate metabolic rate should be sought by simply presenting a graph of the relationship between these raw values.
Persistence of Two Salmonella enterica ser. Montevideo Strains Throughout Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larval and Pupal Development

Abstract Strains of Salmonella enterica can be subdivided into clades that differ in their genetic composition, influencing microbial ecology and bacterial transmission. Salmonella serovar Montevideo strains 1110 and 304, representatives of two different clades, were used to evaluate interactions with the various stages of horn fly development. Sterilized cattle dung was inoculated with Salmonella monocultures, and horn fly larvae were exposed to 103, 105, and 107 colony-forming units (CFU)/g per strain. Salmonella supported horn fly development, and concentration-dependent differences in pupal survival suggested that Salmonella Montevideo 304 impacts adult emergence when larvae are reared in a high concentration. Viable bacteria of each strain were quantified from larvae, pupae, and newly emerged adults. Both strains were cultured from larvae at a mean ~105, regardless of concentration, and both strains survived pupation. Quantities of Salmonella 1110 were stationary through the midpupal stage, after which quantities declined in pupae reared in 105 and increased twofold in pupae reared in 107 CFU/g. Quantities of Salmonella 304 remained stationary throughout pupal development when reared in 105, yet increased 29-fold when reared in 107 CFU/g. At high densities, properties of Salmonella 304 may influence its interaction with horn fly larvae, enabling the bacteria to evade degradation during larval gut histolysis and to subsequently proliferate during the late stages of pupal development. This may account for the observed effect on adult emergence. The Salmonella strains were rarely cultured from newly emerged adults, indicating that transstadial carriage to the adult stage is inefficient.