Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase I study of escalating doses of carfilzomib with HyperCVAD in patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia

REFERENCES 1. Chen X, Eksioglu EA, Zhou J, et al. Induction of myelodysplasia by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Clin Invest. 2013;123:45954611. 2. Fozza C, Longu F, Contini S, et al. Patients with early-stage myelodysplastic syndromes show increased frequency of CD4+CD25 +CD127(low) regulatory T cells. Acta Haematol. 2012;128:178-182. 3. Smith BD, Roboz GJ, Walter RB, et al. First-in man, phase 1 study of CSL362 (anti-IL3Rα/anti-CD123 monoclonal antibody) in patients with CD123+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in CR at high risk for early relapse. Blood. 2014;124:120-120. 4. Janssen Biotech, Inc. DARZALEX (daratumumab) [package insert]. Horsham, PA: Janssen Biotech, Inc.; 2020. 5. Dos Santos C, Xiaochuan S, Chenghui Z, et al. Anti-leukemic activity of daratumumab in acute myeloid leukemia cells and patient-derived xenografts. Blood. 2014;124:2312-2312. 6. Xu XS, Yan X, Puchalski T, et al. Clinical implications of complex pharmacokinetics for daratumumab dose regimen in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;101: 721-724.
Estimation of the Potentially Avoidable Excess Deaths Associated with Socioeconomic Inequalities in Cancer Survival in Germany

Simple Summary In this study, we estimate the number of avoidable deaths attributable to socioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival in Germany. We used data from epidemiological cancer registries. The German Index of Multiple Deprivation (GIMD) 2010 was used to assess deprivation on a municipality level. Results show that summed over the 25 cancer sites, 4100 annual excess deaths (3.0% of all excess deaths) could have been avoided each year in Germany during the period 2013–2016 if relative survival were in all regions comparable with the least deprived regions. Colorectal, oral and pharynx, prostate, and bladder cancer contributed the largest numbers of avoidable excess deaths. We also observed that cancer incidence was generally higher in more deprived areas. Our analyses demonstrate the importance of cancer prevention and of survival improvements in more deprived regions. Abstract Many countries have reported survival inequalities due to regional socioeconomic deprivation. To quantify the potential gain from eliminating cancer survival disadvantages associated with area-based deprivation in Germany, we calculated the number of avoidable excess deaths. We used population-based cancer registry data from 11 of 16 German federal states. Patients aged ≥15 years diagnosed with an invasive malignant tumor between 2008 and 2017 were included. Area-based socioeconomic deprivation was assessed using the quintiles of the German Index of Multiple Deprivation (GIMD) 2010 on a municipality level nationwide. Five-year age-standardized relative survival for 25 most common cancer sites and for total cancer were calculated using period analysis. Incidence and number of avoidable excess deaths in Germany in 2013–2016 were estimated. Summed over the 25 cancer sites, 4100 annual excess deaths (3.0% of all excess deaths) could have been avoided each year in Germany during the period 2013–2016 if relative survival were in all regions comparable with the least deprived regions. Colorectal, oral and pharynx, prostate, and bladder cancer contributed the largest numbers of avoidable excess deaths. Our results provide a good basis to estimate the potential of intervention programs for reducing socioeconomic inequalities in cancer burden in Germany.
The Motivations for and Well-Being Implications of Social Media Use at Work among Millennials and Members of Former Generations

Working life has digitalized considerably in recent decades and organizations have taken into use new forms of collaborative technologies such as social media platforms. This study examined the relationship between social media use at work and well-being at work for millennials and members of former generations in Finland. The research data contained focus group interviews (N = 52), an expert organization survey (N = 563), and a nationally representative survey (N = 1817). Well-being measures included technostress, burnout, psychological distress, and a set of background variables. Content analysis and linear regression models were used as analysis methods. The results showed that millennials have various intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for social media use at work. Intrinsic motivations included employees’ personal choice and their pure interest to follow the market and discussions in their own field. Extrinsic motivations were related mainly to organizations’ work culture and personal branding. The survey findings revealed, however, that millennials were not only more active social media users for work, but they also experienced higher technostress and burnout than members of former generations. Social media use motivations were associated with both higher and lower technostress and burnout depending on motivation, indicating that social media use can have both positive and negative effects. Overall, our findings suggest that employees tend to utilize social media more if their needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are fulfilled.
Catastrophic cognitions about coronavirus: the Oxford psychological investigation of coronavirus questionnaire [TOPIC-Q]

Abstract Background Cognitive therapies are developed on the principle that specific cognitive appraisals are key determinants in the development and maintenance of mental health disorders. It is likely that particular appraisals of the coronavirus pandemic will have explanatory power for subsequent mental health outcomes in the general public. To enable testing of this hypothesis we developed a questionnaire assessing coronavirus-related cognitions. Methods 12 285 participants completed online a 46-item pool of cognitions about coronavirus and six measures of different mental health problems. The sample was randomly split into derivation and validation samples. Exploratory factor analyses determined the factor structure, selection of items, and model fit in the derivation sample. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) then tested this model in the validation sample. Associations of the questionnaire with mental health outcomes were examined. Results The 26-item, seven-factor, Oxford Psychological Investigation of Coronavirus Questionnaire [TOPIC-Q] was developed. CFA demonstrated a good model fit (χ2 = 2108.43, df = 278, p < 0.001, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.950, Tucker−Lewis index (TLI) = 0.942, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.033, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.038). The factors were: cognitions about (1) safety and vulnerability, (2) negative long-term impact, (3) having the virus, (4) spreading the virus, (5) social judgment, (6) negative self, and (7) being targeted. The questionnaire explained significant variance in depression (45.8%), social anxiety (37.3%), agoraphobia (23.2%), paranoia (27.3%), post-traumatic stress disorder (57.1%), and panic disorder (31.4%). Cognitions about negative long-term impact had the greatest explanatory power across disorders. Conclusions TOPIC-Q provides a method to assess appraisals of the pandemic, which is likely to prove helpful both in longitudinal studies assessing mental health outcomes and in delivery of psychological therapy.
Antimycobacterial, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Abietane Diterpenoids Isolated from Plectranthus madagascariensis

Medicinal plants of the Plectranthus genus (Lamiaceae) are well known for their ethnomedicinal applications. Plectranthus madagascariensis, which is native to South Africa, is traditionally used in the treatment of respiratory conditions, scabies, and cutaneous wounds. The phytochemical studies of P. madagascariensis led to the isolation of five known royleanone abietanes, namely, 6β,7α-dihydroxyroyleanone (1), 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone (2), horminone (3), coleon U quinone (4), and carnosolon (5). The relative configuration of compound 2 was established by X-ray analysis. Compounds 1–4 showed antimycobacterial activity (Minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% inhibition, MIC90 = 5.61–179.60 μM) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Compound 4 and 5 showed comparable toxicity (Concentration for 50% inhibition, IC50 98.49 μM and 79.77 μM) to tamoxifen (IC50 22.00 μg/mL) against HaCaT cells. Compounds 1–5 showed antioxidant activity through single-electron transfer (SET) and/or hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) with compound 5 being the most active antioxidant agent. Compounds 3 and 5 were isolated for the first time from P. madagascariensis. The observed results suggest P. madagascariensis as an important ethnomedicinal plant and as a promising source of diterpenoids with potential use in the treatment of tuberculosis and psoriasis.
Safe Healthcare Facilities: A Systematic Review on the Costs of Establishing and Maintaining Environmental Health in Facilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

A hygienic environment is essential to provide quality patient care and prevent healthcare-acquired infections. Understanding costs is important to budget for service delivery, but costs evidence for environmental health services (EHS) in healthcare facilities (HCFs) is lacking. We present the first systematic review to evaluate the costs of establishing, operating, and maintaining EHS in HCFs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We systematically searched for studies costing water, sanitation, hygiene, cleaning, waste management, personal protective equipment, vector control, laundry, and lighting in LMICs. Our search yielded 36 studies that reported costs for 51 EHS. There were 3 studies that reported costs for water, 3 for sanitation, 4 for hygiene, 13 for waste management, 16 for cleaning, 2 for personal protective equipment, 10 for laundry, and none for lighting or vector control. Quality of evidence was low. Reported costs were rarely representative of the total costs of EHS provision. Unit costs were infrequently reported. This review identifies opportunities to improve costing research through efforts to categorize and disaggregate EHS costs, greater dissemination of existing unpublished data, improvements to indicators to monitor EHS demand and quality necessary to contextualize costs, and development of frameworks to define EHS needs and essential inputs to guide future costing.
Assessment of Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and Association With Socioeconomic Disparities Among Young Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2003 to 2018

Key Points Question How have knowledge of HIV/AIDS and associated socioeconomic disparities changed between 2003 and 2018 among young women aged 15 to 24 years living in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs)? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 282 757 young women living in 51 LMICs, less than one-third reported having correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS; this disparity in knowledge was associated with rural residence, poverty, and low levels of education. Among young women living in the 40 LMICs with multiple surveys available during the study period, there was a significant increase in knowledge in 24 countries and a significant decrease in 10 countries. Meaning These findings suggest that future HIV-prevention campaigns in LMICs should pay special attention to young women with disadvantaged socioeconomic status.
Pathways to severe mental illness care: A retrospective study of patients seeking psychiatric care at Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, Delhi

Background and aim: Globally, very few patients with mental illness go to health care facilities to receive psychiatry treatment. This study aims to identify pathways used by patients with severe mental disorders who seek mental health care services in the psychiatry unit of AIIMS, New Delhi. Materials and methods: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study with convenience sampling technique was used, and data were collected from 123 caregivers of patients with severe mental illnesses using standardized tools like MINI, BPRS, YMRS and WHO Encounter pathway. Results: The findings revealed that 41.5% of the patients made their first contact with the faith healers, 27.6% with AYUSH medical practitioners, 14.6% with psychiatrists and 12.2% with allopathic medical practitioners. About 26% of the patients reported hallucinations as the first symptom for seeking help. In the majority of cases (96.7%), the patient’s relatives made the decision for the patient to seek treatment the first time to manage the symptoms. The psychotic symptoms (65.1%) helped the patient’s relatives to take the decision for first seek. The mean delay for seeking treatment from psychiatrists was 13.31 ± 10.6 (months). Conclusion: This study showed that a higher proportion of patients received treatment from the faith healer at the first seek, whereas only a few patients approached psychiatrist directly. Hence, there is an immense need to create awareness regarding mental illness and treatment options available.
Accelerated 3D image reconstruction with a morphological pyramid and noise-power convergence criterion

Model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) for cone-beam CT (CBCT) offers better noise-resolution tradeoff and image quality than analytical methods for acquisition protocols with low x-ray dose or limited data, but with increased computational burden that poses a drawback to routine application in clinical scenarios. This work develops a comprehensive framework for acceleration of MBIR in the form of penalized weighted least squares optimized with ordered subsets separable quadratic surrogates. The optimization was scheduled on a set of stages forming a morphological pyramid varying in voxel size. Transition between stages was controlled with a convergence criterion based on the deviation between the mid-band noise power spectrum (NPS) measured on a homogeneous region of the evolving reconstruction and that expected for the converged image, computed with an analytical model that used projection data and the reconstruction parameters. A stochastic backprojector was developed by introducing a random perturbation to the sampling position of each voxel for each ray in the reconstruction within a voxel-based backprojector, breaking the deterministic pattern of sampling artifacts when combined with an unmatched Siddon forward projector. This fast, forward and backprojector pair were included into a multi-resolution reconstruction strategy to provide support for objects partially outside of the field of view. Acceleration from ordered subsets was combined with momentum accumulation stabilized with an adaptive technique that automatically resets the accumulated momentum when it diverges noticeably from the current iteration update. The framework was evaluated with CBCT data of a realistic abdomen phantom acquired on an imaging x-ray bench and with clinical CBCT data from an angiography robotic C-arm (Artis Zeego, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) acquired during a liver embolization procedure. Image fidelity was assessed with the structural similarity index (SSIM) computed with a converged reconstruction. The accelerated framework provided accurate reconstructions in 60 s (SSIM = 0.97) and as little as 27 s (SSIM = 0.94) for soft-tissue evaluation. The use of simple forward and backprojectors resulted in 9.3× acceleration. Accumulation of momentum provided extra ∼3.5× acceleration with stable convergence for 6–30 subsets. The NPS-driven morphological pyramid resulted in initial faster convergence, achieving similar SSIM with 1.5× lower runtime than the single-stage optimization. Acceleration of MBIR to provide reconstruction time compatible with clinical applications is feasible via architectures that integrate algorithmic acceleration with approaches to provide stable convergence, and optimization schedules that maximize convergence speed.
Role of copper in time dependent dielectric breakdown of porous organo-silicate glass low-k materials

The role of copper in time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) of a porous low-k dielectric with TaN/Ta barrier was investigated on a metal-insulator-metal capacitor configuration where Cu ions can drift into the low-k film by applying a positive potential on the top while they are not permitted to enter the low-k dielectric if a negative potential is applied on the top. No difference in TDDB performance was observed between the positive and negative bias conditions, suggesting that Cu cannot penetrate TaN/Ta barrier to play a critical role in the TDDB of porous low-k material.
Reduction in the QRS area after cardiac resynchronization therapy is associated with survival and echocardiographic response

Recent studies have shown that the baseline QRS area is associated with the clinical response after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). In this study, we investigated the association of QRS area reduction (∆QRS area) after CRT with the outcome. We hypothesize that a larger ∆QRS area is associated with a better survival and echocardiographic response.
A novel computerized assessment of manual spatial exploration in unilateral spatial neglect

ABSTRACT Unilateral spatial neglect is a neuropsychological syndrome commonly observed after stroke and defined by the inability to attend or respond to contralesional stimuli. Typically, symptoms are assessed using clinical tests that rely upon visual/perceptual abilities. However, neglect may affect high-level representations controlling attention in other modalities as well. Here we developed a novel manual exploration test using a touch screen computer to quantify spatial search behaviour without visual input. Twelve chronic stroke patients with left neglect and 27 patients without neglect (based on clinical tests) completed our task. Four of the 12 “neglect” patients exhibited clear signs of neglect on our task as compared to “non-neglect” patients and healthy controls, and six other patients (from both groups) also demonstrated signs of neglect compared to healthy controls only. While some patients made asymmetrical responses on only one task, generally, patients with the strongest neglect performed poorly on multiple tasks. This suggests that representations associated with different modalities may be affected separately, but that severe forms of neglect are more likely related to damage in a common underlying representation. Our manual exploration task is easy to administer and can be added to standard neglect screenings to better measure symptom severity.
Cupric Oxide Coating That Rapidly Reduces Infection by SARS-CoV-2 via Solids

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has created a need for coatings that reduce infection from SARS-CoV-2 via surfaces. Such a coating could be used on common touch surfaces (e.g., door handles and railings) to reduce both disease transmission and fear of touching objects. Herein, we describe the design, fabrication, and testing of a cupric oxide anti-SARS-CoV-2 coating. Rapid loss of infectivity is an important design criterion, so a porous hydrophilic coating was created to allow rapid infiltration of aqueous solutions into the coating where diffusion distances to the cupric oxide surface are short and the surface area is large. The coating was deposited onto glass from a dispersion of cuprous oxide in ethanol and then thermally treated at 700 °C for 2 h to produce a CuO coating that is ≈30 μm thick. The heat treatment oxidized the cuprous oxide to cupric oxide and sintered the particles into a robust film. The SARS-CoV-2 infectivity from the CuO film was reduced by 99.8% in 30 min and 99.9% in 1 h compared to that from glass. The coating remained hydrophilic for at least 5 months, and there was no significant change in the cross-hatch test of robustness after exposure to 70% ethanol or 3 wt % bleach.
Evaluation of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Acute Nonoperative Orbital Fractures

Purpose: The use of antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infection in nonoperative orbital fractures is controversial, with limited high-quality evidence and inconsistent recommendations in the current scientific literature. Our primary study objective was to identify the prophylactic antibiotic prescribing pattern at our institution for nonoperative orbital fractures and to determine the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 16 years of data from a single institution on patients with acute traumatic fractures of the orbital floor or medial orbital wall. Prophylactic administration of antibiotics and complication rates were evaluated, and complication rates and patient characteristics analyzed. Results: Of 154 patients with nonoperative orbital fractures, 17 patients (group 1) received IV or oral antibiotics and 137 patients (group 2) did not. No patient in either group had documented infectious orbital complications following their orbital injury. Patients receiving antibiotics were more likely to have a concurrent periorbital laceration (58.8% ± 11.9% vs. 28.5% ± 3.9%; P = 0.01). Conclusion: We present the largest cohort yet reported of patients managed without antibiotic prophylaxis for nonoperative orbital fractures, with no infectious complications identified. Currently there is no evidence of utility to prophylactic antibiotics in the setting of nonoperative traumatic orbital fractures. Rather than prescribing antibiotics, we recommend clinicians educate patients on return precautions and offer close follow up for the rare, but potentially severe infectious complications of orbital trauma. Despite identifying no infectious complications, this study demonstrated no clear benefit to prophylactic antibiotics for nonoperative orbital fractures.
Introduction of n-electron valence states for multireference perturbation theory

The present work presents three second-order perturbative developments from a complete active space (CAS) zero-order wave function, which are strictly additive with respect to molecular dissociation and intruder state free. They differ by the degree of contraction of the outer-space perturbers. Two types of zero-order Hamiltonians are proposed, both are bielectronic, incorporating the interactions between electrons in the active orbitals, therefore introducing a rational balance between the zero-order wave function and the outer-space. The use of Dyall’s Hamiltonian, which puts the active electrons in a fixed core field, and of a partially contracted formalism seems a promising compromise. The formalism is generalizable to multireference spaces which are parts of a CAS. A few test applications of the simplest variant developed in this paper illustrate its potentialities.
Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Vicia faba L. Plants Heterologously Expressing the PR10a Gene from Potato

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are known to play relevant roles in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we characterize the response of transgenic faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants encoding a PR10a gene from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to salinity and drought. The transgene was under the mannopine synthetase (pMAS) promoter. PR10a-overexpressing faba bean plants showed better growth than the wild-type plants after 14 days of drought stress and 30 days of salt stress under hydroponic growth conditions. After removing the stress, the PR10a-plants returned to a normal state, while the wild-type plants could not be restored. Most importantly, there was no phenotypic difference between transgenic and non-transgenic faba bean plants under well-watered conditions. Evaluation of physiological parameters during salt stress showed lower Na+-content in the leaves of the transgenic plants, which would reduce the toxic effect. In addition, PR10a-plants were able to maintain vegetative growth and experienced fewer photosystem changes under both stresses and a lower level of osmotic stress injury under salt stress compared to wild-type plants. Taken together, our findings suggest that the PR10a gene from potato plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance, probably by activation of stress-related physiological processes.