Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Ground Water Quality Parameters: A Review

Due to human and industrial activities the ground water is contaminated. This is the serious problem now a day. Thus the analysis of the water quality is very important to preserve and prefect the natural eco system. The assessment of the ground water quality was carried out in the different wards of Indore City. The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index (WQI) for the ground water of Indore City and its industrial area . The ground water samples of all the selected stations from the wards were collected for a physiochemical analysis. For calculating present water quality status by statistical evaluation and water quality index, following 27 parameters have been considered Viz. pH, color, total dissolved solids. electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, chromium, zinc, manganese, nickel. The obtained results are compared with Indian Standard Drinking Water specification IS: 10500-2012. The study of physico-chemical and biological characteristics of this ground water sample suggests that the evaluation of water quality parameters as well as water quality management practices should be carried out periodically to protect the water resources.
Mec1-Rad53 Signaling Regulates DNA Damage-Induced Autophagy and Pathogenicity in Candida albicans

DNA damage activates the DNA damage response and autophagy in C. albicans; however, the relationship between the DNA damage response and DNA damage-induced autophagy in C. albicans remains unclear. Mec1-Rad53 signaling is a critical pathway in the DNA damage response, but its role in DNA damage-induced autophagy and pathogenicity in C. albicans remains to be further explored. In this study, we compared the function of autophagy-related (Atg) proteins in DNA damage-induced autophagy and traditional macroautophagy and explored the role of Mec1-Rad53 signaling in regulating DNA damage-induced autophagy and pathogenicity. We found that core Atg proteins are required for these two types of autophagy, while the function of Atg17 is slightly different. Our results showed that Mec1-Rad53 signaling specifically regulates DNA damage-induced autophagy but has no effect on macroautophagy. The recruitment of Atg1 and Atg13 to phagophore assembly sites (PAS) was significantly inhibited in the mec1Δ/Δ and rad53Δ/Δ strains. The formation of autophagic bodies was obviously affected in the mec1Δ/Δ and rad53Δ/Δ strains. We found that DNA damage does not induce mitophagy and ER autophagy. We also identified two regulators of DNA damage-induced autophagy, Psp2 and Dcp2, which regulate DNA damage-induced autophagy by affecting the protein levels of Atg1, Atg13, Mec1, and Rad53. The deletion of Mec1 or Rad53 significantly reduces the ability of C. albicans to systematically infect mice and colonize the kidneys, and it makes C. albicans more susceptible to being killed by macrophages.
Insights From Layered Anisotropy Beneath Southern New England: From Ancient Tectonism to Present‐Day Mantle Flow

Seismic anisotropy beneath eastern North America, as expressed in shear wave splitting observations, has been attributed to plate motion‐parallel shear in the asthenosphere, resulting in fast axes aligned with the plate motion. However, deviations of fast axes from plate motion directions are observed near major tectonic boundaries of the Appalachians, indicating contributions from lithospheric anisotropy associated with past tectonic processes. In this study, we conduct anisotropic receiver function (RF) analysis using data from a dense seismic array traversing the New England Appalachians in Connecticut to examine anisotropic layers in the crust and upper mantle and correlate them with past tectonic processes as well as present‐day mantle flow. We use the harmonic decomposition method to separate directionally‐dependent variations of RFs and focus on features with the same harmonic signals observed across multiple stations. Within the crust, there are multiple features that may be correlated with stratification in the Hartford Basin, faults in the Taconic thrust belt, shear zones formed during Salinic/Acadian terrane accretion events, and orogen‐parallel crustal flow in the Acadian orogenic plateau. We apply a Bayesian inversion method to obtain quantitative constraints on the direction and strength of intra‐crustal anisotropy beneath the Hartford Basin. In the upper mantle, we identify a fossil shear zone possibly formed during oblique subduction of Rheic Ocean lithosphere. We also find evidence for a plate motion‐parallel flow zone in the asthenosphere that is likely disturbed by mantle upwelling near the southern margin of the Northern Appalachian Anomaly in the eastern part of the study area.
A synthesized approach for estimating liquefaction-induced displacements of geotechnical structures

Liquefaction has caused many failures of buildings, bridges, and dams during earthquakes. Damage is caused by the soil displacements that follow the initiation of liquefaction. The potential for liquefaction-induced failures in seismic areas is a widespread concern since many structures were built when liquefaction and its effects were not well understood. Damage observed in a number of earthquakes, including 1971 San Fernando, 1989 Loma Prieta, and 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu (Kobe), has prompted a re-examination of a number of these structures. Many are being retrofitted at great expense. A key factor in such examinations is the magnitude and pattern of displacements arising from soil liquefaction. A total stress dynamic approach is presented for estimating these displacements from seismically induced liquefaction. The approach is derived from widely accepted assumptions for evaluation of liquefaction triggering, flow slide potential, and limited displacements. These different evaluations are combined into a single analysis while eliminating some of the inherent simplifications in current procedures. An explicit finite difference model is used with the earthquake motion applied to the base. Triggering of liquefaction in each element is continuously assessed by weighting each cycle of shear stress. Postliquefaction stiffness and strength properties are assigned to an element when sufficient cycles of shear stress have accumulated. Elements continue to liquefy and respond to inertia loads as the shaking proceeds, causing the displacements to increase with the duration of shaking. The proposed method is used to evaluate case histories and geotechnical structures. The approach is found to give reasonable predictions of displacements. The importance of
660-V/1.99-mΩ.cm2 Low-Current-Collapse p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN HEMTs With Selective Regrowth AlN/AlGaN Strain Layers

In this article, an enhancement mode (E-mode) p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with the selective regrowth (SR) AlN/AlGaN strain enhancement layers has been proposed. The novel strain engineering is used to realize 2-D electron gas (2DEG) redistribution by the polarization effect and surface electric field optimization by the electric field modulation effect. The SR AlN/AlGaN strain layers increase the 2DEG density in the access region to reduce the ON-resistance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\text {on}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> effectively. The surface electric field is also reshaped, featuring an extra electric field peak far away from the gate edge, which improves the breakdown voltage (BV). As compared with the conventional HEMT, the HEMT with the SR AlN/AlGaN strain layers features the significant specific ON-resistance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\text {on, sp}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> improvement by 11.9% (from 2.26 to 1.99 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega {\mathrm {.cm}}^{{2}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the noticeable BV enhancement from 476 to 661 V. It is concluded that the contradiction between <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\text {on, sp}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and BV can be relieved by using the SR AlN/AlGaN strain layers. Meanwhile, the current collapse is suppressed effectively. The dynamic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\text {on}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is only 1.3 times the static <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\text {on}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> after the drain–source OFF-state stress of 480 V.
Middle, Reflexive, and Reciprocal Constructions in Nalögo: A Typological and Diachronic Account

In many Oceanic languages, middle and reciprocal meanings are expressed by reflexes of Proto-Oceanic *paRi-, a polysemous and polyfunctional prefix with collective, associative, iterative, and reciprocal functions. Traditionally, reflexive constructions in Oceanic languages were marked differently from middles and reciprocals. Where reflexes of Proto-Oceanic *paRi- show a lower productivity or disappeared, Oceanic languages co-opted available morphemes and constructions to express the functions once performed by the prefix. In terms of polysemes, along with the middle/reciprocal one, which is rooted in the history of these constructions, two paths of extension developed over time: (i) from middle/reciprocal to reflexive (with reflexes of Proto-Oceanic *paRi-), and (ii) from reflexive to reciprocal, but different from middle (with innovated markers). The aim of this paper is twofold: (i) to provide a description of middles, reflexives, and reciprocals in Nalögo, a Reefs–Santa Cruz Oceanic language, and (ii) to contribute to the discussion on the typology and diachrony of such constructions within the Oceanic family. In particular, I show that Nalögo has two innovated markers, the reflexive =lëbu (maybe from Proto-Oceanic *[ta]bulo(s) ‘turn round, turn back’) and the reciprocal -welo. Furthermore, Nalögo displays a so-far unknown path of semantic extension within the Oceanic family: from reflexive to middle. While the reflexive–middle polysemy is widely attested in the languages of the world, it constitutes a typological rarity in Oceanic languages.
Production and Quality Evaluation of Cupcakes Enriched with Prebiotics

This study aimed to assess the physicochemical and sensory properties of cupcakes enriched with sugar beet pulp powder and potato peel powder. Potato peels had the highest protein (12.20%) and fat (2.25%), followed by wheat flour at 11.73 and 1.08% and sugar beet pulp at 10.50 and 0.35%. Crude fiber but soluble dietary fiber were highest in sugar beet pulp powder, while total dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber were the highest in potato peel powder, while wheat flour (72% extraction) had the lowest values. The substitution in cupcakes resulted in a decrease in fat content, an increase in ash content, and a significant increase in crude fiber and total dietary fiber contents, as well as soluble and insoluble fiber contents, compared with the control. The physical properties showed an increase in the hardness of cupcakes, and a negative correlation was found between specific volume and hardness. The findings suggest that the crust and crumb color of the produced cupcakes varied with the quantity of fiber used. The sensory evaluation showed that the addition of sugar beet pulp and potato peel powder up to 15% resulted in expectable cupcakes.
The Effect of Tele-Savvy on Sleep Quality and Insomnia in Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia

Introduction Sleep disturbance is prevalent in caregivers of persons living with dementia (PLwD). Tele-Savvy, a 7-week virtual psychoeducational intervention, enhances caregivers’ competence and self-care, and reduces depression. While not explicitly designed to do so, Tele-Savvy can potentially improve caregivers’ disturbed sleep. The present study aimed to examine the longitudinal effects of Tele-Savvy on caregivers’ sleep quality and insomnia. Methods This was a secondary data analysis of a 3-arm randomized control trial [Tele-Savvy (active treatment), Healthy Living (attention control), and usual care (waitlist control)]. Multilevel mixed modeling with intent-to-treat principles tested for group, time, and group-by-time effects. Effect sizes were estimated for all changes from baseline to the initial 6-month post-intervention point. Following completion of the 6-month post-randomization delay, we examined combined outcomes for Tele-Savvy. Results Participants (n=137; mean age 64.7 years) were predominantly female (68.6%) and White (68.6%). We found no initial group-by-time effects for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). For the combined Tele-Savvy group, there was a statistically significant improvement in ISI scores across time (p=0.050). The combined Tele-Savvy effect size for PSQI was d=0.126 and ISI was d=0.310. Discussion Tele-Savvy resulted in a significant long-term reduction in insomnia symptoms in this sample of caregivers of PLwD and demonstrated a positive trend for improvement in their sleep quality. Since sleep disturbance is so prevalent among caregivers of PLwD, the inclusion of sleep health education into psychoeducation caregiver interventions may yield even better outcomes for caregivers.
Impact of morphologic anthropogenic and natural changes in estuarine tidal dynamics

Dias, J. M. and Picado, A. , 2011. Impact of morphologic anthropogenic and natural changes in estuarine tidal dynamics. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), 1490 - 1494 Szczecin, Poland, ISSN 0749-0208. In this paper is outlined the application of a hydrodynamic model for the assessment of tidal changes induced by the impact of estuarine morphologic man-made and natural modifications. In fact, anthropogenic activities and changes in natural environments affect tidally dominated coastal environments making it more vulnerable. Thus, the main aim of this work is to address the impact of these problems in coastal systems, studying the particular case of the Ria de Aveiro. A hydrodynamic model previous implemented for this system is used to investigate changes in tidal amplitude and phase and its sensitivity to three bathymetric settings: one representing the past conditions, other representing the present (corresponding to the inlet channel deepening) and a third bathymetry representing a future scenario assuming the enlargement of the lagoon flooded area. The amplitude and phase of the M2 and K1 tidal constituents were computed for twenty nine stations distributed along the main channels of the lagoon. The tidal prism was also computed for the three bathymetric settings for five cross sections in the central area of the lagoon. Generally, the model results suggest that over the last years, the amplitude of the tidal constituents has increased and its phase has decreased. When the enlargement of the flooded area is assumed, a slight decrease in its amplitude and an increase in its phase lag are observed. The tidal prism at the mouth has increased more than 6% over the last years and the enlargement of the flooded area further increases the tidal prism.
WHY DO CONSUMERS PURCHASE IMPORTED HALAL MEAT PRODUCTS?

Halal meat is important in Indonesia, not only because of the Muslim consumer’s demand but also because of the low domestic production. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors that influence the intention to purchase imported halal meat from Muslim consumers in Indonesia. To answer the inquiry, it employed a quantitative research method and adopted the Theory of Planned Behavior and Push-Pull Mooring Theory. Primary data was obtained from 913 Indonesian Muslim respondents and analyzed using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM). The results showed that nutritional content, behavioural control, and attitudes significantly and positively affect the intention of purchasing imported halal meat products. Meanwhile, the price variable significantly negatively affects the purchase intention. The religiosity variable, which acts as a mediating variable, significantly positively affects attitudes to buying imported halal meat products. Meanwhile, the variables of subjective norms, sensory attractiveness, and halal awareness are not significant in this study. The results are expected to provide insights for halal meat importers, halal industry players, the government and other stakeholders in Indonesia and globally.
Threshold Shear Strain for Cyclic Degradation of Three Clays

Cyclic threshold shear strain, γ t , is small cyclic shear strain amplitude above which soil properties significantly change with the number of cycles, N , and below which such changes are for all practical purposes negligible. To date, three cyclic threshold shear strains have been experimentally verified: for cyclic settlement (cyclic compression), for residual cyclic pore water pressure, and for cyclic stiffening. Subject of the paper is testing of fourth cyclic threshold shear strain for cyclic degradation, γ td . When fully saturated soil is subjected in undrained conditions to moderate or large cyclic strain-controlled loading, its secant shear modulus, G s , decreases with N . This is quantified for given cyclic shear strain amplitude, γ c , by degradation index, δ = G sN / G s 1 , where G sN = G s at cycle N. Index δ and N are related via degradation parameter t = − (log δ / log N ) which measures the rate of cyclic degradation. At γ c < γ td there is no cyclic degradation and t = 0. If γ c > γ td cyclic degradation takes place and t > 0. With a special simple shear device for small-strain testing the variation of t with γ c was examined and γ td evaluated for three clayey soils. Results show that γ td increases with plasticity index, PI . For PI =12 γ td =0.015%, for PI =26 γ td =0.04, and for PI =47 clay γ td =0.05%. Testing procedure and comparison to other types of γ t are presented.
Important global and regional differences in aerosol cloud‐albedo effect estimates between simulations with and without prognostic aerosol microphysics

Aerosol‐cloud interactions are among the most uncertain climate forcings, in part due to the strong sensitivity of cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) to changes in the size distribution of potential cloud condensation nuclei. Despite this sensitivity of simulated aerosol‐cloud interactions to variations in size‐resolved aerosol concentrations being well established, many chemistry‐climate and chemical‐transport models do not include explicit treatment of the aerosol size distribution. We use a global chemical‐transport model to estimate the aerosol cloud‐albedo effect (CAE) due to anthropogenic emissions with prognostic sectional aerosol microphysics and compare this to the CAE calculated when the simulated aerosol mass of each species is remapped onto a prescribed size distribution. We find that although both the prescribed and prognostic methods compare similarly well with present‐day size‐distribution observations, there are substantial differences in the relative CDNC and CAE due to anthropogenic emissions. When using the prognostic size‐distribution method, anthropogenic emissions yield a 25–75% larger increase in CDNC over most land masses but a 50–75% smaller increase in some remote‐marine regions than in the prescribed size‐distribution methods. Simulations using the prognostic scheme yield a global mean anthropogenic CAE of −0.87 W m−2, while the simulations with the prescribed scheme predict −0.66 W m−2. In South America and South Asia, differences in the CAE exceed 3.0 W m−2. These differences suggest that simulations with prescribed size‐distribution mapping are unable to capture regional and temporal variability in size‐resolved aerosol number and thus may lead to biases in estimates of the CAE.
Enhancing health outcomes for Māori elders through an intergenerational cultural exchange and physical activity programme: a cross-sectional baseline study

Background The study offers baseline data for a strengths-based approach emphasizing intergenerational cultural knowledge exchange and physical activity developed through a partnership with kaumātua (Māori elders) and kaumātua service providers. The study aims to identify the baseline characteristics, along with correlates of five key outcomes. Methods The study design is a cross-sectional survey. A total of 75 kaumātua from six providers completed two physical functioning tests and a survey that included dependent variables based in a holistic model of health: health-related quality of life (HRQOL), self-rated health, spirituality, life satisfaction, and loneliness. Results The findings indicate that there was good reliability and moderate scores on most variables. Specific correlates included the following: (a) HRQOL: emotional support (β = 0.31), and frequent interaction with a co-participant (β = 0.25); (b) self-rated health: frequency of moderate exercise (β = 0.32) and sense of purpose (β = 0.27); (c) spirituality: sense of purpose (β = 0.46), not needing additional help with daily tasks (β = 0.28), and level of confidence with cultural practices (β = 0.20); (d) life satisfaction: sense of purpose (β = 0.57), frequency of interaction with a co-participant (β = −0.30), emotional support (β = 0.25), and quality of relationship with a co-participant (β = 0.16); and (e) lower loneliness: emotional support (β = 0.27), enjoyment interacting with a co-participant (β = 0.25), sense of purpose (β = 0.24), not needing additional help with daily tasks (β = 0.28), and frequency of moderate exercise (β = 0.18). Conclusion This study provides the baseline scores and correlates of important social and health outcomes for the He Huarahi Tautoko (Avenue of Support) programme, a strengths-based approach for enhancing cultural connection and physical activity.
Rediscovering a Middle Bronze Age cemetery – the barrow necropolis in Pidhoroddya, Western Ukraine

The following article presents the archaeological revaluation of the Middle Bronze Age Komarów culture cemetery of Pidhorodia in Western Ukraine in the Pre-Carpathian region. By examining scarce archival information from the pre-Second World War period, the Polish-Ukrainian research team brought to light evidence of a vast cemetery complex in Pidhorodia, consisting of 39 barrows. The applied combination of archaeological survey, drilling, and magnetometric prospection revealed aspects of the spatial arrangement of the Komarów culture necropolis, as well as details of the funeral architecture, which allowed to associate the burial mounds with the known canon of Komarów culture rites. This study presents the results of the archive query, followed by non-invasive survey, and their potential for revaluating the present state of knowledge regarding this barrow cemetery.