Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Of Land Carrying Capacity In Tsunami Affected Areas Of Aceh Besar Regency

Aceh tsunami disaster in 2004 caused damage to agricultural land in Aceh Besar Regency. Meanwhile the postdisaster development has caused migration of people to the regency, causing a greater pressure on agricultural land. The study aimed to evaluate the land carrying capacity in tsunamiaffected areas in Aceh Besar Regency in 2005-2016. Data including rice production, harvested area, and population size in 2005-2016 were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Besar Regency. The level of land carrying capacity was approached by the ratio of per capita rice harvested area to the land area to achieve self-sufficiency. The results showed that one sub-district which were characterized as agricultural areas achieved a recovery on class I of land carrying capacity in 2009 to 2012. A total of two sub-districts are included to class II of land carrying capacity and four subdistricts are included to class III of land carrying capacity. It can be concluded that the land carrying capacity in tsunami affected areas in Aceh Besar Regency experiences partial recovery, that is on agricultural areas. Keywords—Aceh Besar Regency, land carrying capacity, optimum population
Exploiting the HASH Planetary Nebula Research Platform

Abstract The HASH (Hong Kong/ AAO/ Strasbourg/ Hα) planetary nebula research platform is a unique data repository with a graphical interface and SQL capability that offers the community powerful, new ways to undertake Galactic PN studies. HASH currently contains multi-wavelength images, spectra, positions, sizes, morphologies and other data whenever available for 2401 true, 447 likely, and 692 possible Galactic PNe, for a total of 3540 objects. An additional 620 Galactic post-AGB stars, pre-PNe, and PPN candidates are included. All objects were classified and evaluated following the precepts and procedures established and developed by our group over the last 15 years. The complete database contains over 6,700 Galactic objects including the many mimics and related phenomena previously mistaken or confused with PNe. Curation and updating currently occurs on a weekly basis to keep the repository as up to date as possible until the official release of HASH v1 planned in the near future.
Nodulation, weed flora and yield of greengram (Vigna radiata) influenced by use of herbicides

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2016 and 2017 at Research Farm, College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior (MP) to determine the most effective herbicide/combination of herbicides to control the problematic weeds in greengram. The experiment was laid out with 10 treatments, viz quizalofop-p-ethyl 50, 75 & 100 g/ha PoE, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 100 g/ha PoE, pendimethalin 1000 g/ha (PE), pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) 750 & 1000 g/ha PE, imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 80 g/ha PoE, two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS and weedy check in a Randomized Block Design. The combination of post-emergence herbicide imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 80 g/ ha was found to be very efficient in controlling the dominant grassy weeds as well as broad leaved weeds and gave maximum seed yield (993 kg/ha) followed by the cultural method of weed control where two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS have done (983 kg/ha). In respect of nodulation two hand weeding 20 and 40 DAS recorded maximum nodule number of 15.52/plant at 40 DAS followed by the application of imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 80 g/ha PoE 14.45/plant. The application of imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 80 g/ha PoE resulted in highest B:C ratio (3.03) and net returns followed by pendimethalin + imazethapyr 750 g/ha PE.
Polarization and plasmons in hot photoexcited graphene

We present a robust and exact method for calculating the polarization function and plasmon dispersion of graphene, for an arbitrary (isotropic) non-equilibrium carrier distribution, within random phase approximation (RPA). This is demonstrated for a range of carrier distributions, including hot carrier distributions which occur within the femtoseconds following photoexcitation. We show that qualitatively different behaviour from the equilibrium case can occur. As the polarization function determines dynamic screening, its calculation shall be essential to quantifying carrier-carrier scattering channels for graphene far from equilibrium.
Collective patterns of pedestrians interacting with attractions

Walking is a fundamental activity of human life, not only for moving between places but also for interacting with surrounding environments. While walking to destinations, pedestrians may acquaint themselves with attractions such as artworks, shop displays, and public events. If such attractions are tempting enough, pedestrians opt to stop walking in order to join the attractions. In crowded conditions, the existence of attractions may considerably affect the pedestrian flow patterns. One can see that the attracted pedestrians often impede passerby flow near the attractions during peak hour in a shopping center. During shopping holidays such as Black Friday in the United States, shoppers are competing for very attractive products in stores and such behavior might lead to pedestrian incidents. The work presented in this dissertation reproduced those phenomena in numerical simulations by developing mathematical models of attracted pedestrian movements. In the models, the crowd preference and the attractiveness of the attraction were taken into account in order to reflect the characteristics of attractions and pedestrian traffic. Furthermore, this dissertation suggested possible explanations of the predicted phenomena based on the interactions between pedestrians and attractions. The presented models can be applied and extended, for example, to optimize pedestrian flow in shopping centers and museums.
MASS FUNCTION PREDICTIONS BEYOND ΛCDM

The statistics of dark matter halos is an essential component of precision cosmology. The mass distribution of halos, as specified by the halo mass function, is a key input for several cosmological probes. The sizes of N-body simulations are now such that, for the most part, results need no longer be statistics-limited, but are still subject to various systematic uncertainties. Discrepancies in the results of simulation campaigns for the halo mass function remain in excess of statistical uncertainties and of roughly the same size as the error limits set by near-future observations; we investigate and discuss some of the reasons for these differences. Quantifying error sources and compensating for them as appropriate, we carry out a high-statistics study of dark matter halos from 67 N-body simulations to investigate the mass function and its evolution for a reference ΛCDM cosmology and for a set of wCDM cosmologies. For the reference ΛCDM cosmology (close to WMAP5), we quantify the breaking of universality in the form of the mass function as a function of redshift, finding an evolution of as much as 10% away from the universal form between redshifts z = 0 and z = 2. For cosmologies very close to this reference we provide a fitting formula to our results for the (evolving) ΛCDM mass function over a mass range of 6 × 1011–3 × 1015 M☉ to an estimated accuracy of about 2%. The set of wCDM cosmologies is taken from the Coyote Universe simulation suite. The mass functions from this suite (which includes a ΛCDM cosmology and others with w ≃ −1) are described by the fitting formula for the reference ΛCDM case at an accuracy level of 10%, but with clear systematic deviations. We argue that, as a consequence, fitting formulae based on a universal form for the mass function may have limited utility in high-precision cosmological applications.
Classi fi cation and Visualization of Physical and Chemical Properties of Falsi fi ed Medicines with Handheld Raman Spectroscopy and X-Ray Computed Tomography

Analytical methods for the detection of substandard and falsified medical products (SFs) are important for public health and patient safety. Research to understand how the physical and chemical properties of SFs can be most effectively applied to distinguish the SFs from authentic products has not yet been investigated enough. Here, we investigated the usefulness of two analytical methods, handheld Raman spectroscopy (handheld Raman) and X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT), for detecting SFs among oral solid antihypertensive pharmaceutical products containing candesartancilexetil as anactivepharmaceutical ingredient (API). X-rayCTvisualizedat least twodifferent typesof falsified tablets, one containing many cracks and voids and the other containing aggregates with high electron density, suchas from thepresenceof theheavyelements.Genericproducts thatpurported tocontain equivalent amountsofAPI to the authentic products were discriminated from the authentic products by the handheld Raman and the different physical structure onX-rayCT. Approach to investigate both the chemical andphysical propertieswith handheldRamanandX-ray CT, respectively, promise the accurate discrimination of the SFs, even if their visual appearance is similar with authentic products. We present a decision tree for investigating the authenticity of samples purporting to be authentic commercial tablets. Our results indicate that the combination approach of visual observation, handheld Raman and X-ray CT is a powerful strategy for nondestructive discrimination of suspect samples.
Evolution of the cluster optical galaxy luminosity function in the CFHTLS: breaking the degeneracy between mass and redshift

Obtaining large samples of galaxy clusters is important for cosmology, since cluster counts as a function of redshift and mass can constrain the parameters of our Universe. They are also useful to understand the formation and evolution of clusters. We develop an improved version of the AMACFI cluster finder (now AMASCFI) and apply it to the 154 deg2 of the Canada France Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) to obtain a catalogue of 1371 cluster candidates with mass M200 > 10^14 Msun and redshift z 0.7, and that faint ETGs continue to enrich the red sequence through quenching of brighter LTGs at z < 0.7. The efficiency of this quenching is higher in large-mass clusters while the accretion rate of faint LTGs is lower as the more massive clusters have already emptied most of their environment at higher redshifts.
SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATIONS OF A LARGE-SCALE WAVE EVENT IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE: FROM PHOTOSPHERE TO CORONA

For the first time, we report a large-scale wave that was observed simultaneously in the photosphere, chromosphere, transition region, and low corona layers of the solar atmosphere. Using the high temporal and high spatial resolution observations taken by the Solar Magnetic Activity Research Telescope at Hida Observatory and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board Solar Dynamic Observatory, we find that the wave evolved synchronously at different heights of the solar atmosphere, and it propagated at a speed of 605 km s−1 and showed a significant deceleration (−424 m s−2) in the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) observations. During the initial stage, the wave speed in the EUV observations was 1000 km s−1, similar to those measured from the AIA 1700 Å (967 km s−1) and 1600 Å (893 km s−1) observations. The wave was reflected by a remote region with open fields, and a slower wave-like feature at a speed of 220 km s−1 was also identified following the primary fast wave. In addition, a type-II radio burst was observed to be associated with the wave. We conclude that this wave should be a fast magnetosonic shock wave, which was first driven by the associated coronal mass ejection and then propagated freely in the corona. As the shock wave propagated, its legs swept the solar surface and thereby resulted in the wave signatures observed in the lower layers of the solar atmosphere. The slower wave-like structure following the primary wave was probably caused by the reconfiguration of the low coronal magnetic fields, as predicted in the field-line stretching model.
Random Forest identification of the thin disc, thick disc, and halo Gaia-DR2 white dwarf population

Gaia-DR2 has provided an unprecedented number of white dwarf candidates of our Galaxy. In particular, it is estimated that Gaia-DR2 has observed nearly 400,000 of these objects and close to 18,000 up to 100 pc from the Sun. This large quantity of data requires a thorough analysis in order to uncover their main Galactic population properties, in particular the thin and thick disk and halo components. Taking advantage of recent developments in artificial intelligence techniques, we make use of a detailed Random Forest algorithm to analyse an 8-dimensional space (equatorial coordinates, parallax, proper motion components and photometric magnitudes) of accurate data provided by Gaia-DR2 within 100 pc from the Sun. With the aid of a thorough and robust population synthesis code we simulated the different components of the Galactic white dwarf population to optimize the information extracted from the algorithm for disentangling the different population components. The algorithm is first tested in a known simulated sample achieving an accuracy of 85.3%. Our methodology is thoroughly compared to standard methods based on kinematic criteria demonstrating that our algorithm substantially improves previous approaches. Once trained, the algorithm is then applied to the Gaia-DR2 100 pc white dwarf sample, identifying 12,227 thin disk, 1,410 thick disk and 95 halo white dwarf candidates, which represent a proportion of 74:25:1, respectively. Hence, the numerical spatial densities are $(3.6\pm0.4)\times10^{-3}\,{\rm pc^{-3}}$, $(1.2\pm0.4)\times10^{-3}\,{\rm pc^{-3}}$ and $(4.8\pm0.4)\times10^{-5}\,{\rm pc^{-3}}$ for the thin disk, thick disk and halo components, respectively. The populations thus obtained represent the most complete and volume-limited samples to date of the different components of the Galactic white dwarf population.
Theory of the crossover from lasing to steady state superradiance

Lasing and steady state superradiance are two phenomena that may appear at first glance to be distinct. In a laser, phase information is maintained by a macroscopic intracavity light field, and the robustness of this phase is what leads to the coherence of the output light. In contrast, the coherence of steady-state superradiant systems derives from the macroscopic collective dipole of a many-atom ensemble. In this paper, we develop a quantum theory that connects smoothly between these two extreme limits. We show that lasing and steady-state superradiance should be thought of as the two extreme limits of a continuous crossover. The properties of systems that lie in the superradiance, lasing, and crossover parameter regions are compared. We find that for a given output intensity a narrower linewidth can be obtained by operating closer to the superradiance side of the crossover. We also find that the collective phase is robust against cavity frequency fluctuations in the superradiant regime and against atomic level fluctuations in the lasing regime.
Indication of nearby source signatures of cosmic rays from energy spectra and anisotropies

The origin of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) remains a mystery after more than one century of their discovery. The diffusive propagation of charged particles in the turbulent Galactic magnetic field makes us unable to trace back to their acceleration sites. Nevertheless, nearby GCR source(s) may leave imprints on the locally measured energy spectra and the anisotropies of the arrival direction. In this work we propose a simple but natural description of the GCR production and propagation, within a two-zone disk-halo diffusion scenario together with a nearby source, to understand the up-to-date precise measurements of the energy spectra and anisotropies of GCRs. We find that a common energy scale of ∼100 TeV appears in both energy spectra of protons and helium nuclei measured recently by CREAM and large-scale anisotropies detected by various experiments. These results indicate that one or more local sources are very likely important contributors to GCRs below 100 TeV . This study provides a probe to identify source(s) of GCRs by means of joint efforts of spectral and anisotropy measurements.
Multiwavelength study of X-ray luminous clusters in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program S16A field

We present a joint X-ray, optical and weak-lensing analysis for X-ray luminous galaxy clusters selected from the MCXC (Meta-Catalog of X-Ray Detected Clusters of Galaxies) cluster catalog in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) survey field with S16A data, As a pilot study of our planned series papers, we measure hydrostatic equilibrium (H.E.) masses using XMM-Newton data for four clusters in the current coverage area out of a sample of 22 MCXC clusters. We additionally analyze a non-MCXC cluster associated with one MCXC cluster. We show that H.E. masses for the MCXC clusters are correlated with cluster richness from the CAMIRA catalog (Oguri et al. 2017), while that for the non-MCXC cluster deviates from the scaling relation. The mass normalization of the relationship between the cluster richness and H.E. mass is compatible with one inferred by matching CAMIRA cluster abundance with a theoretical halo mass function. The mean gas mass fraction based on H.E. masses for the MCXC clusters is $\langle f_{\rm gas} \rangle = 0.125\pm0.012$ at spherical overdensity $\Delta=500$, which is $\sim80-90$ percent of the cosmic mean baryon fraction, $\Omega_b/\Omega_m$, measured by cosmic microwave background experiments. We find that the mean baryon fraction estimated from X-ray and HSC-SSP optical data is comparable to $\Omega_b/\Omega_m$. A weak-lensing shear catalog of background galaxies, combined with photometric redshifts, is currently available only for three clusters in our sample. Hydrostatic equilibrium masses roughly agree with weak-lensing masses, albeit with large uncertainty. This study demonstrates that further multiwavelength study for a large sample of clusters using X-ray, HSC-SSP optical and weak lensing data will enable us to understand cluster physics and utilize cluster-based cosmology.
WISEview of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies: mid-infrared colour and variability

We present the colour and flux variability analysis at 3.4 μm (W1 band) and 4.6 μm (W2 band) of 492 narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies using archival data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). In the WISE colour-colour, (W1 - W2) versus (W2 - W3) diagram, {˜ } 58{{ per cent}} of the NLSy1 galaxies of our sample lie in the region occupied by the blazar category of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The mean W1 - W2 colour of candidate variable NLSy1 galaxies is 0.99 ± 0.18 mag. The average amplitude of variability is 0.11 ± 0.07 mag in long term (multiyear) with no difference in variability between W1 and W2 bands. The W1 - W2 colour of NLSy1 galaxies is anticorrelated with the relative strength of [O III] to Hβ, strongly correlated with continuum luminosity, black hole mass, and Eddington ratio. The long-term amplitude of variability shows weak anticorrelation with the Fe II strength, continuum luminosity and Eddington ratio. A positive correlation between colour as well as the amplitude of variability with the radio power at 1.4 GHz was found for the radio-detected NLSy1 galaxies. This suggests non-thermal synchrotron contribution to the mid-infrared colour and flux variability in radio-detected NLSy1 galaxies.
Analysis of similar event clusters in aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake

[1] We perform waveform cross-correlation on over 14,000 aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge MW 6.7 earthquake in southern California as recorded by short-period stations of the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN). Approximately 10–30% of the events belong to similar event clusters, depending upon the similarity criteria that are applied. We relocate events within 218 of these clusters to a relative location accuracy of about 30 m using the differential times obtained from the cross-correlation. These relocated event clusters often show planar features suggestive of faults at depth, and we apply principal parameter analysis to characterize the shape of each cluster and to compute best fitting planes. In several cases, these planes are parallel to the main shock fault plane; however, more generally, the seismicity planes exhibit a wide range of orientations, suggesting complexity in the aftershock faulting. Composite focal mechanisms can be obtained for each cluster by combining the P polarity data from individual events. A comparison of polarity measurement differences within similar event clusters provides constraints on the error rate in the individual focal mechanisms. For some clusters, we are able to resolve the primary versus auxiliary fault plane ambiguity by comparing the computed focal mechanisms with the best fitting seismicity planes. Individual event focal mechanisms are in general agreement with the composite focal mechanisms for the similar event clusters. Events occurring along the main shock rupture plane are mainly thrust, whereas events in the hanging wall are predominately strike-slip.
Herbal products and food supplements consumption and belief during the COVID-19 pandemic: A study in Java Island, Indonesia

The popularity of herbal products in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic has risen recently. It is believed to be preventive measures to lower the probability of COVID-19 infection and boost immunity. This study explored the knowledge of the Java Island population about COVID-19 and their belief about herbal products and supplements consumption for the prevention of COVID-19 infection. A total of 485 respondents participated in this research. About 84.7% (n = 411) of the participants claimed that they had used herbal products or supplements before the pandemic. Recommendations from friends or relatives (51.1%, n = 248) were the main reason for the respondents to consume herbal products or supplements. Multivitamins (19.6%, n = 95) were the most commonly chosen supplement to increase immunity and reduce the chance of COVID-19 infection. The governments are suggested to provide more evidence-based campaigns to increase population awareness about the use of herbal products and supplements to ensure patient safety.