Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constraints of Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars in the hadronic model: the case of 3C 273

We present a method of constraining the properties of the $\gamma$-ray emitting region in flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) in the one-zone proton synchrotron model, where the $\gamma$-rays are produced by synchrotron radiation of relativistic protons. We show that for low enough values of the Doppler factor $\delta$, the emission from the electromagnetic (EM) cascade which is initiated by the internal absorption of high-energy photons from photohadronic interactions may exceed the observed $\sim$GeV flux. We use that effect to derive an absolute lower limit of $\delta$; first, an analytical one, in the asymptotic limit where the external radiation from the broad line region (BLR) is negligible, and then a numerical one in the more general case that includes BLR radiation. As its energy density in the emission region depends on $\delta$ and the region's distance from the galactic center, we use the EM cascade to determine a minimum distance for each value of $\delta$. We complement the EM cascade constraint with one derived from variability arguments and apply our method to the FSRQ 3C 273. We find that $\delta \gtrsim 18-20$ for $B \lesssim 30$ G and $\sim$day timescale variability; the emission region is located outside the BLR, namely at $r \gtrsim 10 R_{\rm BLR} \sim 3$ pc; the model requires at pc-scale distances stronger magnetic fields than those inferred from core shift observations; while the jet power exceeds by at least one order of magnitude the accretion power. In short, our results disfavour the proton synchrotron model for the FSRQ 3C 273.
An alternative accurate tracer of molecular clouds: the `XCi-factor'.

We explore the utility of CI as an alternative high-fidelity gas mass tracer for Galactic molecular clouds. We evaluate the X$_{\rm CI}$-factor for the 609 $\mu$m carbon line, the analog of the CO X-factor, which is the ratio of the H$_2$ column density to the integrated $^{12}$CO(1-0) line intensity. We use 3D-PDR to post-process hydrodynamic simulations of turbulent, star-forming clouds. We compare the emission of CI and CO for model clouds irradiated by 1 and 10 times the average background and demonstrate that CI is a comparable or superior tracer of the molecular gas distribution for column densities up to $6 \times 10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$. Our results hold for both reduced and full chemical networks. For our fiducial Galactic cloud we derive an average $X_{\rm CO}$ of $3.0\times 10^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$km$^{-1}$s and $X_{\rm CI}$ of $1.1\times 10^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$km$^{-1}$s.
Dietary Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease, which primarily includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is a group of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Mainly affecting young people, it is characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission. In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease worldwide, including Poland. The potential impact of nutrition and selected dietary components that are directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal lesions in IBD is not fully clear. Evaluating the impact of diet on the course of IBD is very complex due to the fact that regardless of a dietary model adopted, each one is based on consumption of many different food groups which affect one another. However, the growing need to produce dietary recommendations for these patients has prompted the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD) to develop nutrition guidelines for the patients. The present paper characterizes the dietary models most commonly discussed in research studies and their potential impact on IBD activity.
Singularly perturbed volterra integral equations

This thesis studies singularly perturbed Volterra integral equations of the form eu(t)=/(t,e)+fg(t,s,11(5)) ds, 0 0 is a small parameter The function f(t,e) is defined for 0 0. The aim is to find asymptotic approximations l to these solutions. This work is restricted to problems where there is an imtial-layer, various hypotheses are placed on g(tts,u) to exclude other behaviour. A major part of this work is that formal solutions of the nonlinear problem are determined and rigorously proved to be asymptotic approximations to the exact solutions Formal approximate solutions: £Mi,e) NEn-0 Enu(t,E,),=un(t,e)=0(1) as e->0, are obtained using the additive decomposition method Algorithms which improve the method used m Angell and Olmstead (1987), are presented for obtaining these solutions Assuming a stability condition in the boundary layer, it shown that there is a constant Cjv such ,that \u(t,e)-Ujsf{t,e)\ <cN eN+1 as e 0, uniformly for t € [0,T], thus establishing that £/jv(i,£) is an asymptotic solution SIkinner (1995) has proved similar results, but almost all the theorems here were discovered before Skinner’s work was found and are largely independent of it Lange and Smith (1988) prove results for the case g(t, syu) = k(tys)u, where k(t, s) is continuous and satisfies a stability condition in the boundary layer These results are carefully developed here and similar results for linear integrodifferential equations The problem of extending these to the class of weakly singular equations with g(t,s,u)= k(t,s)/(t-s)BU-0</3<1 is discussed An interesting aspect of this problem and others for which the boundary 1 layer stability condition fails, is that the solutions decay algebraically rather exponentially within ithe boundary layer.
Revisiting the ABC flow dynamo

The Arnol'd–Beltrami–Childress flow is a prototype for fast dynamo action, essential to the origin of magnetic field in large astrophysical objects. Probably the most studied configuration is the classical 1 : 1 : 1 flow. We investigate its dynamo properties varying the magnetic Reynolds number Rm. We identify two kinks in the growth rate, which correspond, respectively, to an eigenvalue crossing and to an eigenvalue coalescence. The dominant eigenvalue becomes purely real for a finite value of the control parameter. Finally, we show that even for Rm = 25 000, the dominant eigenvalue has not yet reached an asymptotic behaviour. It still varies very significantly with the controlling parameter. Even at these very large values of Rm the fast dynamo property of this flow cannot yet be established.
CROSS IDENTIFICATION OF STARS WITH UNKNOWN PROPER MOTIONS

The cross identification of sources in separate catalogs is one of the most basic tasks in observational astronomy. It is, however, surprisingly difficult and generally ill defined. Recently, Budavári & Szalay formulated the problem in the realm of probability theory and laid down the statistical foundations of an extensible methodology. In this paper, we apply their Bayesian approach to stars with detectable proper motion and show how to associate their observations. We study models on a sample of stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which allow for an unknown proper motion per object, and demonstrate the improvements over the analytic static model. Our models and conclusions are directly applicable to upcoming surveys such as PanSTARRS, the Dark Energy Survey, Sky Mapper, and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, whose data sets will contain hundreds of millions of stars observed multiple times over several years.
Comparing the Student Engagement with Two Versions of a Game-based Learning Tool

Research has shown that game-based learning techniques positively impact students' engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. We performed a study to explore the differences in student engagement with a game-based learning tool implemented on two different platforms: mobile and web-based. We developed two versions of a peer-quizzing game where the students can create quiz questions related to the learning material, which their peers can attempt to answer. The students can create three types of questions: Multiple Choice Questions, True/ False, and short answers. Students from a first-year introductory programming computer class were recruited to evaluate both versions of the game during one academic term (four months) during the Covid-19 pandemic when classes were entirely online. A bonus participation mark of up to five percent of the course was offered to students who posted at least three questions per week. In addition, we collected data about the students' in-game activities for the study duration. The Mann-Whitney U-test results show no significant difference in the engagement between the web and the game's mobile version. However, students posed more questions in the mobile version than in the Web version of the game. On the contrary, students solved more questions in the web version than in the mobile version. We have learned from the study that both game-based learning platforms effectively engage students. We also collected data about the students' experience with the game in a post-study survey. The responses show that both game versions got similar user experience ratings.
Trends in Japanese Spotted Fever (JSF) Outbreaks: Situation in the Eastern Region of Kochi Prefecture in Japan, a High-incidence Area

Japanese spotted fever (JSF) is a tick-borne rickettsial disease that was first reported in Tokushima Prefecture in 1984 (1) and has been on the rise in recent years . The eastern region of Kochi Prefecture (Figure 1), under the jurisdiction of the Aki Public Health Center of the Kochi Prefectural Government (Aki HC: a division of Aki Welfare and Public Health Center), is considered a high-incidence area for JSF . It is an important region for the prevention of tick bite-related morbidity and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases with fever and rash, and JSF is a regional public health issue in this region. I report on the incidence of JSF in Aki HC over 16 years from 2006 to 2021.
Orthodoxie en beleving

This article explores the impact of the so-called ‘new movements’, such as Focolare and the Emmanuel Community, within the Roman Catholic Church. The author claims that these are not just restaurative movements for religious virtuosi, but also representatives of religion in late (or liquid) modernity. On one hand, these movements cherish traditional beliefs and values, ecclesiastical authority, and social solidarity. On the other, they are characterized by a positive evaluation of personal choice, interest in the self, international social networks, and the use of modern means of communication. Although probably only 10,000 people are active in these movements (including older movements), their impact is problably fairly large, because of its attractiveness for younger people, especially the younger generation of priests. This impact is focused on the personal level: on devotion and the proclamation of the Catholic faith. The spirituality of the ‘new movements’, however, tends to spread in the wider church, predominantly along individual lines. According to the author, the Roman Catholic Church, which functions as a service church for a large proportion of the Dutch population, will transform because of this tendency. This interesting development is illustrated by an analysis of the World Youth Days, where orthodoxy and experience-styled religion meet each other in an ambivalent marriage between the traditional church and late modern event culture.
Quality of Life and Related Factors in Specialists on Pediatric Dentistry and the like Graduated from a Public University: A Mixed Methods Approach

This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the quality of life (QOL) in pediatric dentistry specialists and the like, graduated in a public university between 1972 and 2018. A mixed study (explanatory sequential design) was conducted. Firstly, a cross-sectional survey (n = 62, 51% women) was carried out and complemented with three focus groups (FGs) and four semi-structured interviews (SIs). Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyzes and non-parametric correlation were calculated. A multivariate linear regression was carried out to establish the factors associated with QOL. In FGs, the concept of QOL and the factors that influence it was investigated, by following a qualitative content analysis and later the information was triangulated. The median QOL scores surpass 62 points. The multivariate analysis showed that the factors exerted the greatest influence negatively (decreases the QOL score) were: having an independent or service provision contract (p < 0.05), low social support (p < 0.001), job dissatisfaction (p < 0.01), poor mental health (p < 0.01), self-perceived poor general health (p < 0.01). The information from the FGs and interviews allow to establish three categories of analysis: (1) QOL and health: multiple facets, determinants, and dimensions; (2) encounters and disagreements between the postgraduate curricular training proposal and the labor and social field of the specialist; (3) an itinerant clinical specialization. The QOL of participants is considered good in general terms and is conditioned by subjective factors, the social environment, and the conditions of their professional work.
Spectrophotometric distances to Galactic H ii regions

We present a near-infrared study of the stellar content of 35 H ii regions in the Galactic plane, 24 of which have been classified as giant H ii regions. We have selected these optically obscured star-forming regions from the catalogues of Russeil, Conti & Crowther and Bica et al. In this paper, we have used the near-infrared domain J-, H- and Ks-band colour images to visually inspect the sample. Also, we have used colour-colour and colour–magnitude diagrams to indicate ionizing star candidates, as well as the presence of young stellar objects such as classical T Tauri stars and massive young stellar objects (MYSOs). We have obtained Spitzer Infrared Array Camera images for each region to help further characterize them. Spitzer and near-infrared morphology were used to place each cluster in an evolutionary phase of development. Spitzer photometry was also used to classify the MYSOs. A comparison of the main sequence in the colour–magnitude diagrams for each observed cluster was used to infer whether or not the cluster kinematic distance is consistent with brightnesses of the stellar sources. We find qualitative agreement for a dozen of the regions, but about half the regions have near-infrared photometry that suggests they may be closer than the kinematic distance. A significant fraction of these already have spectrophotometric parallaxes that support smaller distances. These discrepancies between kinematic and spectrophotometric distances are not a result of the spectrophotometric methodologies, as independent non-kinematic measurements are in agreement with the spectrophotometric results. For instance, the trigonometric parallaxes of star-forming regions were collected from the literature and show the same effect of smaller distances when compared to the kinematic results. In our sample of H ii regions, most of the clusters are evident in the near-infrared images. Finally, it is possible to distinguish among qualitative evolutionary stages for these objects.
Coupled-cluster calculations of nucleonic matter

Background: The equation of state (EoS) of nucleonic matter is central for the understanding of bulk nuclear properties, the physics of neutron star crusts, and the energy release in supernova explosions. Because nuclear matter exhibits a finely tuned saturation point, its EoS also constrains nuclear interactions.Purpose: This work presents coupled-cluster calculations of infinite nucleonic matter using modern interactions from chiral effective field theory (EFT). It assesses the role of correlations beyond particle-particle and hole-hole ladders, and the role of three-nucleon forces (3NFs) in nuclear matter calculations with chiral interactions.Methods: This work employs the optimized nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) potential NNLO${}_{\mathrm{opt}}$ at next-to-next-to leading order, and presents coupled-cluster computations of the EoS for symmetric nuclear matter and neutron matter. The coupled-cluster method employs up to selected triples clusters and the single-particle space consists of a momentum-space lattice. We compare our results with benchmark calculations and control finite-size effects and shell oscillations via twist-averaged boundary conditions.Results: We provide several benchmarks to validate the formalism and show that our results exhibit a good convergence toward the thermodynamic limit. Our calculations agree well with recent coupled-cluster results based on a partial wave expansion and particle-particle and hole-hole ladders. For neutron matter at low densities, and for simple potential models, our calculations agree with results from quantum Monte Carlo computations. While neutron matter with interactions from chiral EFT is perturbative, symmetric nuclear matter requires nonperturbative approaches. Correlations beyond the standard particle-particle ladder approximation yield non-negligible contributions. The saturation point of symmetric nuclear matter is sensitive to the employed 3NFs and the employed regularization scheme. 3NFs with nonlocal cutoffs exhibit a considerably improved convergence than their local cousins. We are unable to find values for the parameters of the short-range part of the local 3NF that simultaneously yield acceptable values for the saturation point in symmetric nuclear matter and the binding energies of light nuclei.Conclusions: Coupled-cluster calculations with nuclear interactions from chiral EFT yield nonperturbative results for the EoS of nucleonic matter. Finite-size effects and effects of truncations can be controlled. For the optimization of chiral forces, it might be useful to include the saturation point of symmetric nuclear matter.
A non-parametric Free Disposal Hull (FDH) approach to technical efficiency: an illustration of radial and graph efficiency measures and some sensitivity results

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the sensitivity of a recently proposed non-parametric approach to technical efficiency measurement. Using a data set of Belgian municipalities, we analyze the sensitivity of the Free Disposal Hull (FDH) approach with respect to the number of input and output dimensions and with respect to sample size, and we consider the impact of outliers on efficiency scores. We finally investigate the effects of using a variety of alternative (radial) efficiency measures.
Mean field limits for interacting Hawkes processes in a diffusive regime

We consider a sequence of systems of Hawkes processes having mean field interactions in a diffusive regime. The stochastic intensity of each process is a solution of a stochastic differential equation driven by N independent Poisson random measures. We show that, as the number of interacting components N tends to infinity, this intensity converges in distribution in Skorohod space to a CIR-type diffusion. Moreover, we prove the convergence in distribution of the Hawkes processes to the limit point process having the limit diffusion as intensity. To prove the convergence results, we use analytical technics based on the convergence of the associated infinitesimal generators and Markovian semigroups.
Optimalization Decisions Of Local Governmental In Indonesia

The application of the local government finance system currently being used is one of the facilities from the Ministry of Home Affairs to local governments in the field of regional financial management to strengthen perceptions of regional financial management systems and procedures. This study looks at how task and user characteristics will affect the success of accounting information systems and optimal decision quality of all local governments by adopting the theory of Petter, Delone, and McLean (2013). Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to all residents of the provincial/district/ city governments in Indonesia, as many as 111 units of analysis. The data was processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This is a cross-sectional study viewed from a time horizon. The results showed a positive effect of task and user characteristics on accounting information systems and optimal head decisions decisions. Keywords: Task Characteristics; User Characteristics; Accounting Information System; Optimal Decision and Local Government.
The QCD dynamical string

Using the chirally invariant overlap Dirac operator we remove its lowest-lying quasizero modes from the valence quark propagators and study evolution of isovector mesons with J=1. At the truncation level about 50 MeV SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R and U(1)_A symmetries get restored. However, we observe a degeneracy not only within the chiral and U(1)_A multiplets, but also a degeneracy of all possible chiral multiplets, i.e., the observed quantum levels have a symmetry larger than U(2)_L \times U(2)_R and their energy does not depend on the spin orientation of quarks and their parities. These energy levels are the quantum levels of the dynamical QCD string. The structure of the radial spectrum of the J=1 string is given by E =(n_r +1)\hbar\omega with \hbar\omega = 900 \pm 70 MeV. The orbital angular momentum L of the string is not a good quantum number.
How collective asperity detachments nucleate slip at frictional interfaces

Significance Understanding how slip at a frictional interface initiates is important for a range of problems including earthquake prediction and precision engineering. The force needed to start sliding a solid object over a flat surface is classically described by a “static friction coefficient”: a constant established by measurements. It was recently questioned whether such constant exists, as it was shown to be poorly reproducible. We provide a model supporting that it is stochastic even for very large system sizes: Sliding is nucleated when, by chance, an avalanche of microscopic detachments reaches a critical radius, beyond which slip becomes unstable and propagates along the interface. It leads to testable predictions on key observables characterizing the stability of the interface. Sliding at a quasi-statically loaded frictional interface can occur via macroscopic slip events, which nucleate locally before propagating as rupture fronts very similar to fracture. We introduce a microscopic model of a frictional interface that includes asperity-level disorder, elastic interaction between local slip events, and inertia. For a perfectly flat and homogeneously loaded interface, we find that slip is nucleated by avalanches of asperity detachments of extension larger than a critical radius Ac governed by a Griffith criterion. We find that after slip, the density of asperities at a local distance to yielding xσ presents a pseudogap P(xσ)∼(xσ)θ, where θ is a nonuniversal exponent that depends on the statistics of the disorder. This result makes a link between friction and the plasticity of amorphous materials where a pseudogap is also present. For friction, we find that a consequence is that stick–slip is an extremely slowly decaying finite-size effect, while the slip nucleation radius Ac diverges as a θ-dependent power law of the system size. We discuss how these predictions can be tested experimentally.