Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unconstrained MAP Inference, Exponentiated Determinantal Point Processes, and Exponential Inapproximability

We study the computational complexity of two hard problems on determinantal point processes (DPPs). One is maximum a posteriori (MAP) inference , i.e., to ﬁnd a principal submatrix having the maximum determinant. The other is probabilistic inference on exponentiated DPPs (E-DPPs) , which can sharpen or weaken the diversity preference of DPPs with an exponent parameter p . We prove the following complexity-theoretic hardness results that explain the diﬃculty in approximating unconstrained MAP inference and the normalizing
Prediction with Finitely many Errors Almost Surely

Using only samples from a probabilistic model, we predict properties of the model and of future observations. The prediction game continues in an online fashion as the sample size grows with new observations. After each prediction, the predictor incurs a binary (0-1) loss. The probability model underlying a sample is otherwise unknown except that it belongs to a known class of models. The goal is to make ﬁnitely many errors (i.e. loss of 1) with probability 1 under the generating model, no matter what it may be in the known model class. Model classes admitting predictors that make only ﬁnitely many errors are eventually almost surely (eas) predictable . When the losses incurred are observable (the supervised case), we completely characterize eas predictable classes. We provide analogous re-sults in the unsupervised case. Our results have a natural interpretation in terms of regularization. In eas-predictable classes, we study if it is possible to have a universal stopping rule that identiﬁes (to any given conﬁ-dence) when no more errors will be made. Classes admitting such a stopping rule are eas learnable . When samples are generated i.i. d. , we provide a complete characterization of eas learnability. We also study cases when samples are not generated i.i. d. , but a full characterization remains open at this point.
Learning with risk-averse feedback under potentially heavy tails

We study learning algorithms that seek to minimize the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), when all the learner knows is that the losses (and gradients) incurred may be heavy-tailed. We begin by studying a general-purpose estimator of CVaR for potentially heavy-tailed random variables, which is easy to implement in practice, and requires nothing more than ﬁ-nite variance and a distribution function that does not change too fast or slow around just the quantile of interest. With this estimator in hand, we then derive a new learning algo-rithm which robustly chooses among candidates produced by stochastic gradient-driven sub-processes, obtain excess CVaR bounds, and ﬁnally complement the theory with a regression application.
Modeling uranium biosorption by Cystoseira sp. and application studies

ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was to determine the applicability of raw and modified brown macroalga Cystoseira sp. as a biosorbent material for the sorption of uranium ions from aqueous solutions. Equilibrium of uranium biosorption was analyzed under isotherm models and thermodynamic parameters of the process. Recovery of uranium from acidic mine wastewater was also applied. The mechanism of biosorption was discussed considering experimental data and theoretical models. The bioremoval efficiency of modified biomass was higher than raw Cystoseira sp. and the theoretical biosorption capacity of modified biosorbent was calculated to be 468.01 mg U/g.
Impact of access to credit on Poultry farmer’s performance in Ikenne local government area of Ogun state, Nigeria

1 Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. 3 Department of Agronomy and Landscape Design, School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND INTERNAL CONTROL ON QUALITY OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION (Study at Bandung City at Indonesian Government Service)

This study aims to determine the effect of organizational commitment and internal control on the quality of accounting information. While independent variable in this research is organizational commitment and internal control, on the other dependent variable in this research is quality of accounting information. Population in this research is Bandung City government service. the technique of determining the sample using purposive sampling and the sample in this research are employees of fire and disaster management service, department of culture and tourism, department of population and civil registration, health department, environment and hygiene office, public works department, and transportation department in accounting and As many as 40 respondents. The method of analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis, while the research hypothesis to be tested using t test and F test. The result of research shows that organizational commitment have positive effect on accounting information quality equal to 39,5%, and internal control have positive effect to accountancy information quality equal to 40,7%. Simultaneously, organizational commitment and internal control affect the quality of accounting information by 55.7%.
Synthesis and Characterization of Antimony Carboxylates

The antimony tris carboxylate of the type, SbL3 was prepared by the reaction of antimony trichloride with sodium salt of furoic acid in 1:3 stoichiometry, whereas, antimony trichloride adduct, (SbCl3(LH)) (LH = furoic acid) was prepared by the reaction of antimony trichloride with furoic acid in 1:1 ratio. The complexes obtained were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and multinuclear (1H, 13C{1H}) NMR spectroscopic techniques. Based on spectroscopic data a ligand coordination through oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group has been suggested. Keyword: Antimony, Furoic acid, Carboxylates
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF INDONESIA: CAN MP3EI REDUCE INTER-REGIONAL INEQUALITY?

Recent Yudhoyono’s government set a development of the Masterplan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia Economic Development (Masterplan Percepatan dan Perluasan Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia – MP3EI) to drive the realization of high, balanced, fair and sustainable economic growth (CMEA, 2011). MP3EI highlights 6 major economic corridors to accelerate and induce interconnectivities across regions, provinces, and districts. This paper will explore to what extent the MP3EI can address the interregional inequality? It will examine the inter-provincial per capita GRDP(Gross Regional Domestic Product)disparities during 2001-2010 in Indonesia using Theil entropy index. Regional inequality tended to increase during the period due to between-island and within-island inequality. We will show that diversity does matter in Indonesia across provinces, districts, and islands. Java and Sumatra islands have predominated the Indonesian economy about 80%, while other islands in the Indonesian Eastern Regions have played a minor role.The better performing provinces are those that are resource-rich, densely populated, or better connected to global economy. We will also identify some major challenges to implement MP3EI. To implement MP3EI succesfully, it requires a thorough understanding of Indonesia’s growth poles, leading sectors in every province, and backward regions, and also debottlenecking infrastructure and financing problems.
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING THROUGH LABORATORY WORK AND AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT: EMPOWERING CRITICAL THINKING ABILITIES IN INDONESIA STUDENTS

Received 15th June, 2017 Received in revised form 3rd July, 2017 Accepted 14th August, 2017 Published online 28th September, 2017 Twenty-first century learning has seen the memorizing concept of learning replaced by a new concept, namely self-finding and self-constructing concept aimed to boost students’ high order thinking skill, critical thinking, creative thinking, and problem-solving ability. The present research incorporated a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model through laboratory work and authentic assessment to enhance the student’s critical thinking ability. The design of the study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group. The participants were 60 students of biology department of School of Teacher’s Training and Education of Persada Khatulistiwa Sintang, Indonesia. The students were taking animal physiology course and were randomly allocated into wither a PBL class or a standard instruction control class. Students were pre-tested for their critical thinking ability and then tested again after the 12-week semester. Both classes significantly improved their critical thinking skills over the semester. However, at post-test, the PBL class scores on the final essay test were significantly higher than the control class. These results support the inclusion of PBL with laboratory work and authentic assessment to improve students’ critical thinking abilities in biology courses.
A COMPLIANCE OF MARKET TRADERS IN THE SYSTEM FOR BANYUWANGI MARKET E-RETRIBUTION

This study aims to examine and provide empirical evidence related to Taxpayer Compliance in the Use of the Market E-retribution system. This study uses a survey method conducted at Market Traders in the Blambangan Market and Banyuwangi Market. The data obtained in this study was processed with the help of the Smart PLS 2.0 M3 analysis tool. Respondents of this research are 215 traders. The test results showed that perceptions perceived ease of used, and perceived of enjoyment influence to the attitude of using market e-retribution. Attitudes, Social Factors, and Facilitating Conditions affect the Intention of Users of Market E-Retribution. Furthermore, intention influences the compliance of market traders in paying retribution .
MEDIATING EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING PRACTICES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL CAPITALAND FIRM PERFORMANCE

The review of literature on intellectual capital (IC) performance and management accounting practices (MAP) indicates a close association between the elements of IC and the elements of MAP. Previous studies focused more on improving performance through Intellectual Capital and Management Accounting Practices, taking them separately, but failed to look at the combined effect of IC and MAP, while many studies in Asian context looked at measuring IC rather than its influence on firm performance. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to understand the interaction of Intellectual Capital and Management Accounting Practices that could influence Firm Performance, particularly, the mediating role of MAP in explaining the relationship between IC and firm performance. Data for the study was collected using a questionnaire administered in 82 financial institutions in Sri Lanka. The questionnaires were distributed among finance managers of thirteen banks, nineteen finance and leasing companies and fifty insurance companies. All respondents were at the senior managerial level. The collected data was analyzed through structural equation modeling using the SmartPLS Package. Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained to test the hypotheses of the study. This study is, to the best our knowledge, the first study to establish the mediating effect of management accounting practices on the relationship between IC and firm performance. The study found a positive relationship between IC and firm performance, and a positive relationship between MAP and firm performance. Moreover, the study revealed that MAP mediates the relationship between IC and firm performance. The findings of the study support the theoretically expected positive relationship between IC and firm performance. Further, the empirical results of the study confirm the Resource-Based View of the firm, which asserts that resources would bring competitive advantages to the firm. The findings also encourage managers to use non-financial information, especially relating to employees, customers, and processes, to design key performance indicators of the firm in order to enhance the value creating ability of the intangible assets of the firm. The study further adds empirical evidence to the impact of IC and its components; human capital, structural capital and relational capital, on management accounting practices of Sri Lankan financial institutions.
1. FRom the gaRden to the Field. a gReat caReeR oF the potato in poland

Rzepecki S. 2016. From potatoes to barrows, or there and back again. Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 68, 409-419. The dissemination of potato cultivation in the territory of Poland created a necessity for the regular removal of stones from the surface of fields. The structures built with the use of these stones can imitate barrows, for example. This issue was analysed when studying the cemetery of the Pomeranian culture in Nowa Sikorska Huta. The author also addresses the problem in the role that imagination can play when employed for the interpretation of archaeological objects.
Protecting the Corneal Endothelium during Cataract Surgery Using the Anterior Capsulorhexis Flap as a Corneal Protection Shield

Purpose: Classification and quantification of swirling lens fragments during phacoemulsification with or without using the capsulorhexis flap as an additional endothelial protective shield. Also, to determine the effects on endothelial cell count (ECC) and central corneal thickness (CCT) caused by fragments during cataract surgery. Methods: Patients with dense cataracts scheduled for surgery were randomized into study and control groups (2:1). In the study group, the anterior capsule ‘flap’ from the capsulorhexis was used as an endothelial protection shield during phacoemulsification. The control group underwent standard surgery. During surgery, intra-operative optical coherence tomography was performed to score swirling lens fragments that hit the corneal endothelium. CCT and ECC were measured at several time points before and after surgery. Results: In total, 176 fragments in 49 eyes of 49 patients came in contact with the corneal endothelium. The mean number of fragments was 2.8 in the study group and 4.8 in the control group. There was no statistically significant change of ECC between the groups. Mean CCT increased by 16.6 µm in the study group and by 42µm in the control group 1 day postoperatively. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the increase in CCT. Conclusions: No significant benefit concerning ECC or CCT was found in the study group compared to the control group, meaning that we were not able to prove that using the capsulorhexis flap as a protection shield is a sufficient method of protecting the corneal endothelium.
Evaluation on the effect of Difulai microbial fertilizer in Weibei Loess Plateau Area, China

Microbial fertilizers are considered an alternative for chemical fertilizers to improve soil fertility and crop production in sustainable farming. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of microbial fertilizer application in Weibei arid area, China. The study was conducted in an apple orchard and a tomato greenhouse between February and November in 2015. Microbial fertilizer application in the apple orchard significantly increased the longitudinal diameter, fruit weight, leaf thickness, and leaf weight by 3.03%, 6.97%, 8.93%, and 3.39%, respectively. In tomato, the use of microbial fertilizer significantly increased the flower number; plant height; and the transverse diameter, sugar content, and hardness of fruit by 7.93%, 14.24%, 6.84%, 4.03%, and 7.92%, respectively. In general, the Difulai microbial fertilizer had noticeable promoting effects on the apple and greenhouse tomato yield and quality. In addition, this study proposed a new method to characterize the apple yield by using fruit weight, and established a model to predict the apple yield by using leaf weight during the growth period.
Development of a method for modelling delay propagation in railway networks using epidemiological SIR models

For railway systems belonging to network industries with high fixed costs, it is important to increase the use of the network capacity to reduce the average cost of cargo and passenger transport services. The degree of using the capacity of the railway network sections or even the network overload depends on the system properties of the reliability and stability of the train schedule. In the conditions of daily train operations, exogenous train delays occur and cause the delay propagation among other trains in the network. Despite the importance of knowing the parameters of such delays’ propagation in the railway network, methods to assess the vulnerability of the railway system are still insufficient. This problem is especially difficult for railway systems in which there is mixed movement of passenger and cargo trains in the same infrastructure and most cargo trains do not follow the schedule. This makes it impossible to provide detailed calculations of the delay propagation in the existing train schedules. That is why a study of complex dynamic processes of propagation of successive train delays at the macrolevel of the railway network is a relevant and very promising area of research.
Comparison of Two Different Scales of Consciousness Assessment in the Intensive Care Unit

Aim: To compare two different consciousness assessment scales used in intensive care units. Material and Method: The prospective observational study was conducted with a total of 29 patients who were followed up in intensive care units. GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) and FOUR (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness) Scores and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of the patients who were monitored by the same observer for 10 days in the intensive care units were measured and recorded. Mean±standard deviation was used for the values regarding total scale score means. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used for comparing total score means. Results: GCS and FOUR scores and the mean total mRS scored of the patients on the first day were 6.95±2.25 (range, 3-11), 8.65±2.45 (range, 4-13), and 4.93±0.25 (range, 4-5) respectively. The mean total scale scores on the 10th day were 6.62±3.27 (range, 3-12), 8.13±3.44 (range, 4-13), and 4.89±0.30 (range, 4-5). A statistically significant high-degree relationship was found between the mean total scores of the patients' GCS and FOUR scores (p<0.001). Conclusion: FOUR can be confidently used instead of GCS for the assessment of consciousness. Comparisons of GCS and FOUR score may be conducted with different patient groups and larger samples. Differences between observers should also be evaluated when comparing the scoring systems.
Acute toxicity studies of the lyophilized aqueous extract of Psychotria microphylla leaf on Clarias gariepinus juveniles

The piscicidal activity of the lyophilized aqueous extract of Psychotria microphylla leaf on Clarias gariepinus was investigated in a semi-static bioassay to determine the median lethal concentrations (LC50) at 96 h of exposure. Six graded concentrations of 0, 0.27, 0.33, 0.47, 0.67 and 1.33 mg/l of the lyophilized extract were applied to C. gariepinus juveniles (mean weight: 180 g and length: 25 cm) in plastic containers. The 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) estimated by probit analysis were 0.65 (0.57-0.77), 0.53 (0.45-0.65), 0.41 (0.33-0.49) and 0.35 (0.26-0.42) mgl -1 , respectively. During exposure, fish exhibited discolouration, gulping for air, erratic swimming, loss of reflexes, slow opercular movement and ultimately settling at the bottom motionless just before death. The toxicity of the aqueous extract of the plant against C. gariepinus was both time and dose dependent. It is thought that this plant extract or powder will be useful in aquaculture to eradicate predators and competing wild fish from nursery, rearing and stocking ponds prior to the stocking of commercially grown fry and fingerlings of desired species.
Probit Model Analysis of Tourists’ Revisit Intention to Nepal

This study discusses on the identification of the tourists’ destination satisfaction attributes and the influence of these factors on their revisit intention to Nepal. This study used the survey methodology for data collection and involved the distribution of self-administered questionnaires to a sample of tourists. An exploratory factor analysis, with principal component analysis and varimax rotation, was used to extract significant factors related to satisfaction with destination features. Using maximum likelihood method, a probit model was analyzed to test the impact of tourists’ satisfaction with their revisit intention. The probit model predicts 93.5% of the cases correctly. The tourists were considered to be budget travellers as 92% of them spent less than $40 per person per day during their visit. The result also shows that satisfaction with destination characteristics such as historic and religious places, experiencing different lifestyle, trekking & mountaineering, adventure sports, and tourist guide service, are realized to significantly influence the probability of revisit intention of budget travellers to Nepal.
Evaluation of Bacterial Accumulation on the Inner Surface of PEEK and Zirconia Secondary Telescopic Crowns

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the bacterial accumulation on the inner surface of secondary telescopic crowns constructed from zirconia and PEEK Materials. Materials and methods: Three pieces of each of the tested materials (PEEK &Zirconia) were incubated in bacterial suspensions that contained 1X106 cfu/ml of bacteria (Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668 or Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356) and the surface examined using a scanning electron microscope. Results: Bacterial counting showed statistically significant higher values in the PEEK samples with both types of bacteria. A biofilm mass containing a large number of bacilli and little number of cocci was observed on the surface of the PEEK material while aggregates of bacilli and little amount of cocci appeared without biofilm mass on the surface of the zirconia material. Conclusion: PEEK secondary telescopic crowns showed more bacterial accumulation with biofilm formation than zirconia secondary telescopic crowns.
FACTORS AFFECTING INEQUALITY OF INCOME IN INDONESIA IN THE ERA OF POST ASIAN ECONOMY CRISIS

Since inequality of income is likely inevitable in almost all countries, the purpose of this study is to investigate factors that affect inequality of income in Indonesia in the era of post Asian economy crisis. The model proposed in this study was tested by regression using time series data started from 2002 to 2017. The results show that inequality of income in Indonesia is affected negatively and significantly by tourism, ratio of school participation and social protection spent by government. It indicates that those three variables have been well done in spreading out to low income segment. Besides, there is also negative relationship to inequality of income, that is, GDP per Capita, but not significant, indicating this independent variable is not strong enough in affecting inequality of income. Inequality of income is also positively and significantly affected by government spending for infrastructure, indicating spending by government on infrastructure has not been spread out in the entire region of Indonesia. In addition, there are other three dependent variables that have positive relationship to inequality of income but not significant, that is, unemployment, FDI and inflation, therefore it does not give impact on inequality of income. This study is limited only focus on post Asian Economy crisis era, thus for the next study can be researched the period before and during crisis so that comparison among them can be done. Besides, additional variables and panel data using other countries particularly Asian or South East Asia countries can be put into this model in order to enrich knowledge about determinant factors of inequality of income so that government can take action to reduce inequality of income.