Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: matter and galaxy clustering

Hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation have now reached sufficient volume to make precision predictions for clustering on cosmologically relevant scales. Here we use our new IllustrisTNG simulations to study the non-linear correlation functions and power spectra of baryons, dark matter, galaxies and haloes over an exceptionally large range of scales. We find that baryonic effects increase the clustering of dark matter on small scales and damp the total matter power spectrum on scales up to k ~ 10 h/Mpc by 20%. The non-linear two-point correlation function of the stellar mass is close to a power-law over a wide range of scales and approximately invariant in time from very high redshift to the present. The two-point correlation function of the simulated galaxies agrees well with SDSS at its mean redshift z ~ 0.1, both as a function of stellar mass and when split according to galaxy colour, apart from a mild excess in the clustering of red galaxies in the stellar mass range 10^9-10^10 Msun/h^2. Given this agreement, the TNG simulations can make valuable theoretical predictions for the clustering bias of different galaxy samples. We find that the clustering length of the galaxy auto-correlation function depends strongly on stellar mass and redshift. Its power-law slope gamma is nearly invariant with stellar mass, but declines from gamma ~ 1.8 at redshift z=0 to gamma ~ 1.6 at redshift z ~ 1, beyond which the slope steepens again. We detect significant scale-dependencies in the bias of different observational tracers of large-scale structure, extending well into the range of the baryonic acoustic oscillations and causing nominal (yet fortunately correctable) shifts of the acoustic peaks of around ~5%.
Incomplete and inconstant empathy in human-centered product design and development

Understanding users is a core component in human-centered product design and development. It helps designers define design questions, understand in-time design challenges, and improve user experience. Empathic design methods are developed on this basis. It aims to help designers step into users' shoes and understand users more precisely. However, empathizing with users is not always successful. Many reasons lead to an unsuccessful empathic understanding. This study investigates how interpersonal factors and types of users' mental content lead to an incomplete empathic understanding. Specifically, it adopts a behavioral measure to quantify designers' empathic accuracy in understanding users' mental contents and emotional tone; shortens the measure and applies it in design research; implements the short measure in understanding userdesigner facial synchrony; and tests designers' empathic understanding under the influence of
Electron-phonon vertex in the two-dimensional one-band Hubbard model

Using quantum Monte Carlo techniques, we study the effects of electronic correlations on the effective electron-phonon (el-ph) coupling in a two-dimensional one-band Hubbard model. We consider a momentum-independent bare ionic el-ph coupling. In the weak- and intermediate-correlation regimes, we find that the on-site Coulomb interaction U acts to effectively suppress the ionic el-ph coupling at all electron and phonon momenta. In this regime, our numerical simulations are in good agreement with the results of perturbation theory to order ${U}^{2}. $ However, entering the strong-correlation regime, we find that the forward-scattering process stops decreasing and begins to substantially increase as a function of U, leading to an effective el-ph coupling which is peaked in the forward direction. Whereas at weak and intermediate Coulomb interactions, screening is the dominant correlation effect suppressing the el-ph coupling, at larger U values irreducible vertex corrections become more important and give rise to this increase. These vertex corrections depend crucially on the renormalized electronic structure of the strongly correlated system.
Towards a deterministic KPZ equation with fractional diffusion: the stationary problem

In this work, we investigate by analysis the possibility of a solution to the fractional quasilinear problem: where is a bounded regular domain ( is sufficient), , 1 < q and f is a measurable non-negative function with suitable hypotheses. The analysis is done separately in three cases: subcritical, 1 < q < 2s; critical, q = 2s; and supercritical, q > 2s.
Non-thermal fixed points: Universal dynamics far from equilibrium

In this article we give an overview of the concept of universal dynamics near non-thermal fixed points in isolated quantum many-body systems. We outline a non-perturbative kinetic theory derived within a Schwinger–Keldysh closed-time path-integral approach, as well as a low-energy effective field theory which enable us to predict the universal scaling exponents characterizing the time evolution at the fixed point. We discuss the role of wave-turbulent transport in the context of such fixed points and discuss universal scaling evolution of systems bearing ensembles of (quasi) topological defects. This is rounded off by the recently introduced concept of prescaling as a generic feature of the evolution towards a non-thermal fixed point.
Biased partitions of $\mathbb{Z}^n$

Given a function $f$ on the vertex set of some graph $G$, a scenery, let a simple random walk run over the graph and produce a sequence of values. Is it possible to, with high probability, reconstruct the scenery $f$ from this random sequence? To show this is impossible for some graphs, Gross and Grupel, call a function $f:V\to\{0,1\}$ on the vertex set of a graph $G=(V,E)$ $p$-biased if for each vertex $v$ the fraction of neighbours on which $f$ is 1 is exactly $p$. Clearly, two $p$-biased functions are indistinguishable based on their sceneries. Gross and Grupel construct $p$-biased functions on the hypercube $\{0,1\}^n$ and ask for what $p\in[0,1]$ there exist $p$-biased functions on $\mathbb{Z}^n$ and additionally how many there are. We fully answer this question by giving a complete characterization of these values of $p$. We show that $p$-biased functions exist for all $p=c/2n$ with $c\in\{0,\dots,2n\}$ and, in fact, there are uncountably many of them for every $c\in\{1,\dots,2n-1\}$. To this end, we construct uncountably many partitions of $\mathbb{Z}^n$ into $2n$ parts such that every element of $\mathbb{Z}^n$ has exactly one neighbour in each part. This additionally shows that not all sceneries on $\mathbb{Z}^n$ can be reconstructed from a sequence of values on attained on a simple random walk.
Global-in-time classical solutions and qualitative properties for the NNLIF neuron model with synaptic delay

The Nonlinear Noisy Leaky Integrate and Fire (NNLIF) model is widely used to describe the dynamics of neural networks after a diffusive approximation of the mean-field limit of a stochastic differential equation system. When the total activity of the network has an instantaneous effect on the network, in the average-excitatory case, a blow-up phenomenon occurs. This article is devoted to the theoretical study of the NNLIF model in the case where a delay in the effect of the total activity on the neurons is added. We first prove global-in-time existence and uniqueness of classical solutions, independently of the sign of the connectivity parameter, that is, for both cases: excitatory and inhibitory. Secondly, we prove some qualitative properties of solutions: asymptotic convergence to the stationary state for weak interconnections and a non-existence result for periodic solutions if the connectivity parameter is large enough. The proofs are mainly based on an appropriate change of variables to rewrite the NNLIF equation as a Stefan-like free boundary problem, constructions of universal super-solutions, the entropy dissipation method and Poincar\'e's inequality.
The classification of static vacuum spacetimes containing an asymptotically flat spacelike hypersurface with compact interior

We prove non-existence of static, vacuum, appropriately regular, asymptotically flat black hole spacetimes with degenerate (not necessarily connected) components of the event horizon. This finishes the classification of static, vacuum, asymptotically flat domains of outer communication in an appropriate class of spacetimes, showing that the domains of outer communication of the Schwarzschild black holes exhaust the space of appropriately regular black hole exteriors.
A Low-Rank Algorithm for Weakly Compressible Flow

In this paper, we propose a numerical method for solving weakly compressible fluid flow based on a dynamical low-rank projector splitting. The low-rank splitting scheme is applied to the Boltzmann equation with BGK collision term, which results in a set of constant coefficient advection equations. This procedure is numerically efficient as a small rank is sufficient to obtain the relevant dynamics (described by the Navier--Stokes equations). The resulting method can be combined with a range of different discretization strategies; in particular, it is possible to implement spectral and semi-Lagrangian methods, which allows us to design numerical schemes that are not encumbered by the sonic CFL condition.
Morphology of Spitzer 24 μm Detected Galaxies in the UDF: The Links between Star Formation and Galaxy Morphology

We have studied the morphologies of infrared-luminous galaxies at 0.3 ≤ z < 1.4 in the HST Ultra Deep Field (UDF) by calculating concentration and asymmetry indices and comparing the results with similar calculations for: (1) galaxies at similar redshift that are less infrared-active, and (2) local luminous infrared galaxies [LIRGs; LIR(8-1000 μm) > 1011 L☉]. We find that the high-redshift samples are dominated by galaxies with concentrations similar to local late-type disk galaxies; however, they are significantly more asymmetric than most local galaxies but are similar in both regards to local LIRGs. On average, the high-redshift infrared-active galaxies are slightly more asymmetric than the less active ones, although they do include a significantly higher portion of highly asymmetric (merging? ) systems and a lower portion of more concentrated, symmetric ones. The morphological similarity of infrared-active and typical infrared-inactive galaxies at high redshift suggests that they may be from the same parent population, but are in different stages of an episodic star formation process. The similarity between high redshift and local LIRGs suggests that a certain level of asymmetry is generally associated with LIRG-level activity.
Un théorème de Bloch presque complexe

Résumé. Etant donné un plan projectif presque complexe (P(C), J), nous démontrons que toute suite non normale de J-disques évitant une configuration C de quatre J-droites en position générale admet une sous-suite convergeant, au sens de Hausdorff, vers la réunion ∆ de trois J-droites. En particulier, le complémentaire de quatre J-droites en position générale est hyperboliquement plongé dans (P(C), J) modulo ∆.
Loops of any size and Hamilton cycles in random scale-free networks

Loops are subgraphs responsible for the multiplicity of paths going from one to another generic node in a given network. In this paper we present an analytic approach for the evaluation of the average number of loops in random scale-free networks valid at fixed number of nodes N and for any length L of the loops. We bring evidence that the most frequent loop size in a scale-free network of N nodes is of the order of N as in random regular graphs, while small loops are more frequent when the second moment of the degree distribution diverges. In particular, we find that finite loops of sizes larger than a critical one almost surely pass from any node, thus casting some doubts on the validity of the random tree approximation for the solution of lattice models on these graphs. Moreover, we show that Hamiltonian cycles are rare in random scale-free networks and may fail to appear if the power-law exponent of the degree distribution is close to two even for minimal connectivity kmin≥3.
Almost minimizers of the one-phase free boundary problem

Abstract We consider almost minimizers to the one-phase energy functional and we prove their optimal Lipschitz regularity and partial regularity of their free boundary. These results were recently obtained by David and Toro, and David, Engelstein, and Toro. Our proofs provide a different method based on a non-infinitesimal notion of viscosity solutions that we introduced.
Error Commission and Aging: Using Single-Trial Movement Kinematics to Decode the Time-Course of Response Monitoring Processes during Complex Decisions in Older and Younger Adults

We are constantly making decisions in everyday life that involve interactions with our environment: from simple behaviors like deciding to reach for your cup of coffee to complex behaviors like deciding which route to take to work. It is well known that these decisions require constant monitoring, such that decision-making is not a discrete event and requires initiation, monitoring, and evaluation for success. This process is evident in error-corrections, in which an initial response was implemented, an error was recognized, and the original response was canceled, and finally a new response was implemented to correct the initial response. While we have learned a great deal about response monitoring processes over three decades of research in cognitive neuroscience, most of the literature has used button-presses, which does not permit evaluation of the complex processes involved in the monitoring, cancellation, or correction of erroneous behaviors. Understanding the neural correlates of the response monitoring process may contribute to an improved understanding of cognitive aging as the natural aging process has revealed to impact this decision-making process, as older adults commit more errors than younger adults on cognitive tasks, as well as experience slower correct responses compared to younger adults. However, the current literature regarding what neurological processes are impaired as a result of the natural aging process remains to be unknown. Purpose: The primary aims of this study were (1) to delineate the neural correlates of response-monitoring process during corrected trials as indicated by kinematic markers of the decision-making processes, and (2) to determine the integrity of these neural responses in older adults. Results reveal that the ERN, Pe, and medial-frontal theta oscillations are highly correlated with response cancellation, as indicated by peak deceleration prior to corrective response, in younger adults, and these correlations significantly differ between older and younger adults such that older adults had significantly reduced correlations. Correct and incorrect trials reveal a common underlying process to the CRN and ERN in both older and younger adults; however, these are attenuated compared to the ERN observed in correction trials. These results indicate a novel way to isolate the functional correlates of the ERN and Pe as the response monitoring process unfolds during complex decision making.
THE P.E.A.C.E.© MODEL OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

Natural resources are thought to be at the root of many civil conflicts, but no consensus has emerged on the mechanisms at play in the resources-conflict relationship, and some question whether such a relationship exists. This paper compares the state prize variant of the greed theory with the lootability approach. We employ a time-series cross-sectional design to analyze how secondary diamond production, primary diamond production, and diamond price influence the onset of ethnic wars in 48 Sub-Saharan African countries between 1960 and 2010. Our results suggest that purely additive models are unlikely to reveal the relationship between diamonds and ethnic conflict. We find some support for the lootability mechanism, but our findings better support the hypothesis that natural resources increase the value of the state and therefore encourage rebels to try to capture state power. Our findings also point to resources’ potential to bolster government capacity.
Integrating quantum groups over surfaces

We apply the mechanism of factorization homology to construct and compute category‐valued two‐dimensional topological field theories associated to braided tensor categories, generalizing the (0,1,2)‐dimensional part of Crane–Yetter–Kauffman four‐dimensional TFTs associated to modular categories. Starting from modules for the Drinfeld–Jimbo quantum group Uq(g) we obtain in this way an aspect of topologically twisted four‐dimensional N=4 super Yang–Mills theory, the setting introduced by Kapustin–Witten for the geometric Langlands program.
A Search for Water Maser Emission from Brown Dwarfs and Low-luminosity Young Stellar Objects

We present a survey for water maser emission toward a sample of 44 low-luminosity young objects, comprising (proto-)brown dwarfs, first hydrostatic cores (FHCs), and other young stellar objects (YSOs) with bolometric luminosities lower than 0.4 L⊙. Water maser emission is a good tracer of energetic processes, such as mass-loss and/or accretion, and is a useful tool to study these processes with very high angular resolution. This type of emission has been confirmed in objects with Lbol ≳ 1 L⊙. Objects with lower luminosities also undergo mass-loss and accretion, and thus, are prospective sites of maser emission. Our sensitive single-dish observations provided a single detection when pointing toward the FHC L1448 IRS 2E. However, follow-up interferometric observations showed water maser emission associated with the nearby YSO L1448 IRS 2 (a Class 0 protostar of Lbol ≃ 3.6–5.3 L⊙) and did not find any emission toward L1448 IRS 2E. The upper limits for water maser emission determined by our observations are one order of magnitude lower than expected from the correlation between water maser luminosities and bolometric luminosities found for YSOs. This suggests that this correlation does not hold at the lower end of the (sub)stellar mass spectrum. Possible reasons are that the slope of this correlation is steeper at Lbol ≤ 1 L⊙ or that there is an absolute luminosity threshold below which water maser emission cannot be produced. Alternatively, if the correlation still stands at low luminosity, the detection rates of masers would be significantly lower than the values obtained in higher-luminosity Class 0 protostars.
Symmetry breaking operators for line bundles over real projective spaces

The space of smooth sections of an equivariant line bundle over the real projective space $\mathbb{R}{\rm P}^n$ forms a natural representation of the group ${\rm GL}(n+1,\mathbb{R})$. We explicitly construct and classify all intertwining operators between such representations of ${\rm GL}(n+1,\mathbb{R})$ and its subgroup ${\rm GL}(n,\mathbb{R})$, intertwining for the subgroup. Intertwining operators of this form are called symmetry breaking operators, and they describe the occurrence of a representation of ${\rm GL}(n,\mathbb{R})$ inside the restriction of a representation of ${\rm GL}(n+1,\mathbb{R})$. In this way, our results contribute to the study of branching problems for the real reductive pair $({\rm GL}(n+1,\mathbb{R}),{\rm GL}(n,\mathbb{R}))$. The analogous classification is carried out for intertwining operators between algebraic sections of line bundles, where the Lie group action of ${\rm GL}(n,\mathbb{R})$ is replaced by the action of its Lie algebra $\mathfrak{gl}(n,\mathbb{R})$, and it turns out that all intertwining operators arise as restrictions of operators between smooth sections.
Universal extra dimensions and the graviton portal to dark matter

The Universal Extra Dimension (UED) paradigm is particularly attractive as it not only includes a natural candidate for the Dark Matter particle , but also addresses several issues related to particle physics. Non-observations at the Large Hadron Collider, though, has brought the paradigm into severe tension. However, a particular 5-dimensional UED model emerges from a six dimensional space-time with nested warping. The AdS6 bulk protects both the Higgs mass as well as the UED scale without invoking unnatural parameter values. The graviton excitations in the sixth direction open up new (co-)annihilation channels for the Dark Matter particle, thereby allowing for phenomenological consistency, otherwise denied to the minimal UED scenario. The model leads to unique signatures in both satellite-based experiments as well as the LHC.
The cosmic dust rate across the Universe

We investigate the evolution of interstellar dust in the Universe by means of chemical evolution models of galaxies of different morphological types, reproducing the main observed features of present day galaxies. We adopt the most updated prescriptions for dust production from supernovae and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars as well as for dust accretion and destruction processes. Then, we study the cosmic dust rate in the framework of three different cosmological scenarios for galaxy formation: i) a pure luminosity scenario (PLE), ii) a number density evolution scenario (DE), as suggested by the classical hierarchical clustering scenario and iii) an alternative scenario, in which both spirals and ellipticals are allowed to evolve in number on an observationally motivated basis. Our results give predictions about the evolution of the dust content in different galaxies as well as the cosmic dust rate as a function of redshift. Concerning the cosmic dust rate, the best scenario is the alternative one, which predicts a peak at 2 < z < 3 and reproduces the cosmic star formation rate. We compute the evolution of the comoving dust density parameter {\Omega} dust and find agreement with data for z < 0.5 in the framework of DE and alternative scenarios. Finally, the evolution of the average cosmic metallicity is presented and it shows a quite fast increase in each scenario, reaching the solar value at the present time, although most of the heavy elements are incorporated into solid grains, and therefore not observable in the gas phase.
Elemental Abundances in M31: Alpha and Iron Element Abundances from Low-resolution Resolved Stellar Spectroscopy in the Stellar Halo

Measurements of [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] can probe the minor merging history of a galaxy, providing a direct way to test the hierarchical assembly paradigm. While measurements of [α/Fe] have been made in the stellar halo of the Milky Way (MW), little is known about detailed chemical abundances in the stellar halo of M31. To make progress with existing telescopes, we apply spectral synthesis to low-resolution DEIMOS spectroscopy (R ∼ 2500 at 7000 Å) across a wide spectral range (4500 Å < λ < 9100 Å). By applying our technique to low-resolution spectra of 170 giant stars in five MW globular clusters, we demonstrate that our technique reproduces previous measurements from higher resolution spectroscopy. Based on the intrinsic dispersion in [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] of individual stars in our combined cluster sample, we estimate systematic uncertainties of ∼0.11 dex and ∼0.09 dex in [Fe/H] and [α/Fe], respectively. We apply our method to deep, low-resolution spectra of 11 red giant branch stars in the smooth halo of M31, resulting in higher signal-to-noise ratios per spectral resolution element compared to DEIMOS medium-resolution spectroscopy, given the same exposure time and conditions. We find [α/Fe] = 0.49 ± 0.29 dex and [Fe/H] = −1.59 ± 0.56 dex for our sample. This implies that—much like the MW—the smooth halo field of M31 is likely composed of disrupted dwarf galaxies with truncated star formation histories that were accreted early in the halo’s formation.