Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Convergence of Solutions of Globally Modified Navier-Stokes Equations with Delays to Solutions of Navier-Stokes Equations with Delays

Abstract We prove that under suitable assumptions, from a sequence of solutions of Globally Modified Navier-Stokes equations with delays we can extract a subsequence which converges in an adequate sense to a weak solution of a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation with delays. An additional case with a family of different delays involved in the approximating problems is also discussed.
Transmitter Identification With Contrastive Learning in Incremental Open-Set Recognition

Radio frequency fingerprints are commonly exploited as a unique signature in the physical layer for distinguishing transmitters in transmitter identification systems (TISs). In response to the growing demand for TIS in open dynamic scenarios, this article proposes the incremental open-set recognition (IOSR) framework to address IOSR tasks, which involve changes in transmitter categories, component replacements, and open-set recognition (OSR). To overcome the limitations of traditional methods, the proposed framework focuses on enhancing the security, adaptability, reliability, and efficiency of TIS. Specifically, a well-designed data representation and a lightweight extractor based on supervised contrastive learning are introduced to improve interclass discriminative ability and intraclass compactness for feature extraction. The incorporation of MobileNetV3 reduces the training parameters of the extractor while improving computational efficiency. Moreover, an adaptive evolved block is designed to mitigate catastrophic forgetting in incremental learning, preserving historical knowledge and enhancing system scalability and adaptability. Additionally, an enhanced open-set recognizer is proposed to establish a suitable open-set decision boundary through output calibration. The performance evaluation of the framework on the WiFi data set showcases its superiority over existing approaches in the closed-set recognition, achieving an accuracy of over 99.6%. It also performs well in incremental tasks, with an accuracy exceeding 98.9%. In the OSR, the framework achieves an accuracy improvement of approximately 8%. Moreover, it demonstrates superior accuracy in the IOSR task, outperforming other algorithms by more than 5.8%. Furthermore, ablation experiments provide further evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed framework, while a complexity comparison demonstrates its ability to balance computational load and accuracy.
A New Semantics for Group Nouns

Group nouns such as committee, family, bunch (of flowers), pile (of dishes), etc. exhibit behaviors that seem to pull us in opposing directions. As various researchers have noted (Landman 1989, Barker 1992, Schwarzschild 1996), certain of their properties suggest that they denote atoms (elements of the ontology that lack proper parts), while others suggest that they denote pluralities (outputs of the sum formation operation). The approaches to the semantics of group nouns that have been proposed in earlier work fall into three classes: (i) those that assign group nouns a plural denotation (Munn 1998, Elbourne 1999), whereby a group noun DP denotes in a context c the set of the group’s members at c; (ii) those that assign group nouns an atomic denotation (Barker 1992, Schwarzschild 1996); (iii) those that construe a group noun denotation as a peculiar class of entity in its own right – a group or ‘upsum’ (Landman 1989), a singleton set whose member is the plurality from which the group is formed. There are of course conceptual reasons to be dissatisfied with each of these approaches: the first makes it necessary to postulate higher-order pluralities in order to account for the possibility of pluralising groups (see Schwarzschild 1996 for arguments against appeal to higher order pluralities in general); the second requires stipulation of a membership function in order to capture the relationship between a group and its members; the third augments the ontology. To these objections this paper adds two empirical ones. We show that contrary to what has been assumed in previous work (Barker 1992, Schwarzschild 1996), there are two classes of group nouns which we term ‘committee nouns’ and ‘collection nouns’, each of which requires a different semantics. Additionally, we offer novel data that suggest that committee nouns are inherently intensional – a departure from the focus on extensional properties found in earlier work. Finally, we propose a new semantics for committee nouns that can account for both previously discussed data and the empirical observations contributed by this paper.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Nutritional Composition of Plant-Based Drinks and Yogurt Alternatives in Europe

Concerns for human and planetary health have led to a shift towards healthier plant-based diets. Plant-based dairy alternatives (PBDA) have experienced exponential market growth due to their lower environmental impact compared to dairy products. However, questions have arisen regarding their suitability as dairy substitutes and their role in food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG). Our study aimed to analyse the nutritional profiles of leading PBDA across Europe and compare them with their dairy counterparts. We examined the nutritional profiles of 309 unflavoured PBDA representing the European market leaders, including 249 plant-based drinks (PBD) and 52 plant-based alternatives to yogurt (PBAY). PBD and PBAY, excluding coconut varieties, were low in saturated fat (<1 g per serving). Seventy percent of PBDA were unsweetened, and most had sugar levels comparable to dairy. Except for soya varieties, PBDA protein levels were lower than dairy. Organic PBDA lacked micronutrients due to legal restrictions on fortification. Among non-organic PBDA, 76% were fortified with calcium, 66% with vitamin D, and 60% with vitamin B12. Less than half were fortified with vitamin B2, and a few with iodine (11%) and vitamin A (6%). PBAY were less frequently fortified compared to PBD. PBDA displayed a favourable macronutrient profile despite lower protein levels, which would be compensated for by other protein-dense foods in a usual mixed diet. Enhancing fortification consistency with dairy-associated micronutrients would address concerns regarding PBDA’s integration into FBDG. Our analysis supports the inclusion of fortified PBDA in environmentally sustainable FBDG for healthy populations.
How Do Halal Labels, Pricing, and Promotion Affect Sasha Toothpaste Purchasing Decisions?

During the pandemic, many companies experienced decline in revenue, including the toothpaste industry. Sasha toothpaste product is one of the halal toothpaste brands that has variability so authors conducted research on several variables that can influence purchasing decisions related to sales of Sasha toothpaste. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of the Halal label, price, and promotion on purchasing decisions for Sasha toothpaste. Descriptive analysis with quantitative approach is used in the research design. With 75 respondents and non-probability sampling technique, it is continued with several analytical test. The results of this study indicate that the Halal label has no effect on the decision to buy Sasha toothpaste while the price and promotion do. At the simultant way, halal label, price and promotion affect decision to buy Sasha toothpaste. The halal label variable in making a consumer decision to buy toothpaste is a novelty in this study, because previous research focused more on marketing mix variables such as price and promotion only. It is recommended that the placement of halal label on this product be emphasized more clearly so consumers can be more aware of the existence of halal label on its packaging
Socioeconomic Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake in Greece and Cyprus during the Pandemic

Despite the rigorous investigation of the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy and refusal during the COVID-19 pandemic, the socioeconomic determinants of this phenomenon remain poorly investigated on a global scale. Following proportional quota sampling, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study. We recruited participants on-site and online from different settings, regions, and socioeconomic strata in two Eastern Mediterranean populations, Greece and Cyprus. Our approach provided a nationwide sample (n = 576) approaching the adult population structure of the two countries, with a slight underrepresentation of men and older people. Our results indicate clear socioeconomic differences in vaccine hesitancy and vaccination coverage, consistent with wider social inequalities in health. In particular, we reveal a clear socioeconomic gradient characterized by lower vaccine hesitancy and higher vaccination coverage, with increasing educational attainment and income. Additionally, participants residing in semi-urban areas show higher vaccine hesitancy and have lower vaccination coverage than those residing in urban and rural areas. Our results could inform Public Health approaches aiming to tackle the alarming phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy by enabling the targeting of population groups who are particularly vaccine-hesitant, rendering such approaches more targeted and effective while at the same time reducing inequalities in the control and prevention of infectious diseases.
Serum endothelin-1 level among adult Indonesian females with obesity: a nested cross-sectional study from Universitas Gadjah Mada Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Sleman, Indonesia

Background : The increased obesity prevalence is seen among adult Indonesian females. Obesity is linked to increased endothelin-1 levels, which contribute to endothelial dysfunction, in ﬂ ammation and insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum endothelin-1 levels with obesity among Indonesian females. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study. The subjects were from the population of Universitas Gadjah Mada Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in Sleman, Indonesia. We collected venous blood, measured obesity parameters and performed the standardized questionnaire for 124 males and females. Endothelin-1 level was measured from serum by ELISA-method. Endothelin-1 level was compared between subjects according to obesity category and correlated with parameters of obesity. Results : There were 124 subjects enrolled, consisting of 70 females and 54 males. Endothelin-1 level was comparable between both sexes. Females had signi ﬁ cantly higher proportion of central obesity compared to males (70.0% vs. 33.3%, p < 0.001). Females with central obesity and increased waist-to-height ratio had a tendency to have higher endothelin-1 levels. Females with body-mass index (BMI)-derived obese class II had the highest level of endothelin-1 (1.98 ± 1.09 pg/ mL), which was signi ﬁ cantly higher compared to obese class I females (1.48 ± 0.35 pg/mL, p ¼ 0.026) and normoweight females (1.53 ± 0.41 pg/mL, p ¼ 0.030). Furthermore, in females, endothelin-1 level was signi ﬁ cantly correlated with waist circumference (r ¼ 0.331, p ¼ 0.005), hip circumference (r ¼ 0.237, p ¼ 0.048), waist-to-hip ratio (r ¼ 0.246, p ¼ 0.040), waist-to-height ratio (r ¼ 0.354, p ¼ 0.003), BMI (r ¼ 0.248, p ¼ 0.038) and body adiposity index (BAI) (r ¼ 0.277, p ¼ 0.020). This correlation was not found among males. Conclusion : Serum endothelin-1 level was signi ﬁ cantly correlated with the parameters of obesity among adult Indo-nesian females.
CONVERGENCE RATE OF EXTREMES FOR THE GENERALIZED SHORT-TAILED SYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTION

Systematic introductions and reviews of the extreme value theory (EVT) can be found in Leadbetter et al. [11], Resnick [20] and recently in Embrechts et al. [5], Kotz and Nadarajah [10], Falk et al. [6] and De Haan and Ferreira [4], amongst others. Many fields of science, with the field of finance as the most important proponent, have found non-normal data and more than seventy years after the Extremal Types Theorem was proved in complete generality by Gnedenko [7], the exploration of limit distributions of non-normal extremes is as momentous and timely as ever. Peng et al. [9] considered the convergence of extremes of the general error distribution and for more results of non-normal extremes, we refer the reader to Lin and Peng [16], Lin and Jiang [15] and Liao et al. [13]. Since asymptotic results are used in most EVT applications, such as estimating the VaR in modern risk management, and the estimation precision need to be assessed, we have to face another interesting problem, i.e., examining the convergence rate of extremes. With regard to general sequences, several authors considered the uniform convergence rate of their extremes; for instance, De Haan and Resnick [4] and Cheng and Jiang [2]. Particularly, Hall and Wellner [9] and Hall [8] studied the cases of exponential and normal distributions extremes, respectively and for other related results, we refer the
Efficacy and Safety of S1P1 Receptor Modulator Drugs for Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that negatively impacts patients’ quality of life. In the last decades, the therapeutic options available for the management of patients with moderate to severe UC have increased significantly, including not only biological drugs but also small molecules. However, there is a persistent need to develop new drugs that act on new targets while minimizing the risk of adverse events. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a membrane-derived lysophospholipid. The S1P gradient between tissues and the circulatory system has a key role in regulating the trafficking of immune cells as autoreactive B and T lymphocytes. S1P receptor modulators could be a safe and efficacious alternative mechanism for reducing inflammation in immune-mediated disorders, including UC, by reducing lymphocyte egress from the lymph nodes to the bloodstream. Several S1P receptor modulators have been developed and tested in UC. Ozanimod is already approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medical Agency (EMA), while etrasimod and VTX002 are still under approval. Oral administration route, rapidity and reliable safety profile are the main advantages of this class of drugs. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence for the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of ozanimod, etrasimod, and VTX002 in UC.
GTS-21 Enhances Regulatory T Cell Development from T Cell Receptor-Activated Human CD4+ T Cells Exhibiting Varied Levels of CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A Expression

Immune cells such as T cells and macrophages express α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs), which contribute to the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Earlier findings suggest α7 nAChR activation promotes the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mice. Using human CD4+ T cells, we investigated the mRNA expression of the α7 subunit and the human-specific dupα7 nAChR subunit, which functions as a dominant-negative regulator of ion channel function, under resting conditions and T cell receptor (TCR)-activation. We then explored the effects of the selective α7 nAChR agonist GTS-21 on proliferation of TCR-activated T cells and Treg development. Varied levels of mRNA for both the α7 and dupα7 nAChR subunits were detected in resting human CD4+ T cells. mRNA expression of the α7 nAChR subunit was profoundly suppressed on days 4 and 7 of TCR-activation as compared to day 1, whereas mRNA expression of the dupα7 nAChR subunit remained nearly constant. GTS-21 did not alter CD4+ T cell proliferation but significantly promoted Treg development. These results suggest the potential ex vivo utility of GTS-21 for preparing Tregs for adoptive immunotherapy, even with high expression of the dupα7 subunit.
The Impact of CC16 on Pulmonary Epithelial-Driven Host Responses during Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Mouse Tracheal Epithelial Cells

Club Cell Secretory Protein (CC16) plays many protective roles within the lung; however, the complete biological functions, especially regarding the pulmonary epithelium during infection, remain undefined. We have previously shown that CC16-deficient (CC16−/−) mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTECs) have enhanced Mp burden compared to CC16-sufficient (WT) MTECs; therefore, in this study, we wanted to further define how the pulmonary epithelium responds to infection in the context of CC16 deficiency. Using mass spectrometry and quantitative proteomics to analyze proteins secreted apically from MTECs grown at an air–liquid interface, we investigated the protective effects that CC16 elicits within the pulmonary epithelium during Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) infection. When challenged with Mp, WT MTECs have an overall reduction in apical protein secretion, whereas CC16−/− MTECs have increased apical protein secretion compared to their unchallenged controls. Following Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) assessment, many of the proteins upregulated from CC16−/− MTECS (unchallenged and during Mp infection) were related to airway remodeling, which were not observed by WT MTECs. These findings suggest that CC16 may be important in providing protection within the pulmonary epithelium during respiratory infection with Mp, which is the major causative agent of community-acquired pneumoniae.
Does Risk Attitude Increase the Effect of Financial Literacy on Access to Finance?

The paper aimed to examine the moderating impact risk attitude has on the link between financial literacy and access to funding for SMEs. Respondents included SMEs in Accra via standardized questionnaires. 396 accurate responses were analyzed utilizing PLS-SEM. Findings showed an important beneficial correlation between knowledge of finances and credit accessibility. The relationship between risk-taking behavior and financial access also proved significant. Additionally, the study discovered that the connection between financial competence and financial access is significantly moderated by risk-taking tendency. The results support the knowledge base view theory, according to which financial literacy is a unique strategic asset that firms can exploit to gain an advantage over rivals. Additionally, it was established that risk-averse owners/managers are more likely to miss out on possibilities to build wealth, which opens up access to credit or even poses the willpower to access debt finance
Competition and Career Advancement

: Employees may compete not just on work effort but along dimensions unrelated to their job requirements or performance evaluation criteria. We investigate whether such informal or implicit competition matters for young workers’ careers, focusing on the case of paternity leave. Detecting the competition effect in observational data is not straightforward: workers who have the least to lose from it may disproportionately select into leave. Moreover, leave-taking may be most common in workplaces in which competition matters the least. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel strategy in which we exogenously vary the focal worker’s ranking in a contest, not via his own leave status but that of his competitors, exploiting a policy reform. We provide evidence consistent with the existence of the competition effect. Our findings have important implications for a variety of public and workplace policies including normalization of remote work and mandated leave benefits.
Developing functional relationships between waterlogging and cotton growth and physiology-towards waterlogging modeling

Cotton crop is known to be poorly adapted to waterlogging, especially during the early growth stages. Developing functional relationships between crop growth and development parameters and the duration of waterlogging is essential to develop or improve existing cotton crop models for simulating the impact of waterlogging. However, there are only limited experimental studies conducted on cotton specifically aimed at developing the necessary functional relationships required for waterlogging modeling. Further research is needed to understand the effects of waterlogging on cotton crops and improve modeling capabilities in this area. The current study aimed to conduct waterlogging experiments and develop functional relationships between waterlogging and cotton growth and physiology. The experiments were conducted in pots, and the waterlogging was initiated by plugging the drain hole at the bottom of the pot using a wooden peg. In the experiments, eight waterlogging treatments, including the control treatment, were imposed at the vegetative growth stage (15 days after sowing). Control treatment had zero days of water-logged condition; other treatments had 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days of waterlogging. It took five days to reach zero oxygen levels and one to two days to return to control after the treatment. After a total treatment duration of 14 days (30 days after sowing), the growth, physiological, reproductive, and nutrient analysis was conducted. All physiological parameters decreased with the number of days of waterlogging. Flavonoid and anthocyanin index increased with increased duration of waterlogging. Photosynthesis and whole plant dry weight in continuously waterlogged conditions were 75% and 78% less compared to 0, and 2-day water-logged plants. Plant height, stem diameter, number of main stem leaves, leaf area, and leaf length also decreased with waterlogging duration. When waterlogging duration increased, leaf, stem, and root macronutrients decreased, while micronutrients showed mixed trends. Based on the experimental study, functional relationships (linear, quadratic, and exponential decay) and waterlogging stress response indices are developed between growth and development parameters and the duration of waterlogging. This can serve as a base for developing or improving process-based cotton models to simulate the impact of waterlogging.
From chaos to order. Difference equations in one ecological problem

Abstract In this paper we consider properties of the difference equations (discrete mappings) obtained in the study of the population dynamics of lemmings. A bifurcation scenario is proposed for obtained equations. Certain stability zones appear under this scenario with periods varying in order of natural series and also zones with more complicated modes. The study of transitional zones (‘ordering of the chaos’) is performed with the use of analytic calculations and computational experiments. Numerical analysis of mappings uses the methods of approximation of implicitly specified sets allowing us to construct and visualize sets of ‘resonance’ parameters including the front of the so-called singularity of ‘blue sky’.
Application of the Entropy Viscosity Method and the Flux-Corrected Transport Algorithm to Scalar Transport Equations and the Shallow Water Equations

The Flux-Corrected Transport (FCT) algorithm, in conjunction with the entropy viscosity method, was applied with the continuous finite element method to (a) a scalar transport equation that includes reaction and source terms; and (b) the shallow water equations. The resulting scheme shows convergence to the entropy solution, is positivity-preserving, and reduces or eliminates the onset of spurious oscillations. For smooth problems, second-order spatial accuracy is achieved if adequate solution bounds are used in the FCT algorithm. For the scalar transport equation, the method of characteristics is used to derive local solution bounds to impose on the numerical solution. For the shallow water equations, local transformations are made to characteristic variables for the limitation process of FCT. Explicit SSPRK time discretizations are considered for both scalar transport and the shallow water equations, and additionally for scalar transport, Theta time discretizations and steady-state are considered. Explicit FCT schemes are shown to be relatively robust. However, implicit/steady-state FCT schemes are shown to have significant nonlinear convergence issues in many cases.