Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the relationship between cyberbullying, cybervictimization and depression symptoms: A cross sectional study among university students in Qatar

Background Cyberbullying is a modern form of bullying that could be practiced electronically or on the internet. It is related to different mental health issues such as depression, which can affect both the cyberbully and the victim. Although a few studies have been conducted regarding the prevalence of cyberbullying and cyber-victimization among the younger generation in Qatar, no studies have been conducted among young adults despite studies showing that they are also prone to cyberbullying. Methods This is a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence and the relationship between cyberbullying, cyber-victimization, and depression symptoms among Qatar University students. A self-administered close-ended electronic questionnaire was used to assess student’s cyberbullying/cyber-victimization behaviors and depression symptoms. The Revised Cyberbullying Inventory scale (RCBI-II) and Patient Health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were utilized to measure involvement in cyberbullying and depression symptoms, respectively. A total of 836 students participated in the study. Pearson Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression were conducted to analyze the data. Results Results indicated the majority of students have been involved in cyberbullying as follows: 6.8% cyberbullies, 29.2% cybervictims, 35.8% cyberbully-victims, and 28.2% not involved in either. Approximately 50% of the students scored a ten or higher on the PHQ9 test indicating symptoms of depression. Moreover, significant associations were found between cyberbullying experiences and gender (p = 0.03), depression and gender (p = 0.046), and between cyberbullying experiences and depression (p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings indicate that among Qatar University students, cyberbullying and cyber-victimization are prevalent behaviors that could be associated with the high reported rates of depression symptoms.
Effects of nitrogen rates and timing of nitrogen topdressing applications on the nutritional and agronomic traits of sweet corn

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates and times of nitrogen topdressing applications on the growth and development of sweet corn hybrids. In this study, randomized complete block designs in a factorial 5 × 2 × 2 arrangement with four replications were applied. The treatments consisted of a combination of three rates of N (0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg N ha -1 ) and the time of application (V 4 and V 8 stages) of two sweet corn simple hybrids (Tropical Plus and RB-6324) and in a particular growing season for assessment (2009, 2010 and 2011) during the spring-summer period. Joint analysis of the data indicated that the plant height, leaf area index, total foliar N content, yield of marketable ears and kernel protein content were influenced by N rates. A rate of 110.84 kg N ha -1 applied in topdressing afforded a maximum yield of marketable sweet corn ears (10.41 Mg ha -1 ), regardless the time of the application of nitrogen, the type of hybrid or the growing season year studied. The maximum economic efficiency of the study conditions was at a rate of 102.5 kg N ha -1 . Rates of 45 and 90 kg N ha -1 provided the best economic returns, with US$ 1,147.04 ha -1 and US$ 501.76 ha -1 , respectively. The sweet corn hybrid RB-6324 was superior to the Tropical Plus in terms of yield for both dehusked ears and marketable corn ears.
Associations between Risk Factors in Late Adolescence and Problem Behaviors in Young Adulthood: A Six-Year Follow-Up of Substance Related and Behavioral Addictions in Swedish High School Seniors

Introduction: Risk factors of traditional substance use related problems in young adults are more well-known than for behavioral addictions such as gambling and gaming problems. The present study aims to provide knowledge about the longitudinal patters of substance use related and behavioral addictions in early adulthood. Methods: Using self-report surveys, substance-related, psychiatric, and demographic predictors were assessed in Swedish high school seniors and re-assessed six years later along with gambling and gaming problems, n = 800. Associations (Risk Ratios) between risk factors in late adolescence and problem behaviors in young adulthood were analyzed. Results: Tobacco use, illicit drug use, and hazardous drinking in young adulthood were associated with tobacco use, illicit drug use, alcohol use, conduct problems, and impaired impulse control in late adolescence. Gambling problems in young adulthood were only associated with heredity of alcohol problems, while gaming was not associated to any problem behavior in late adolescence. Conclusion: It is concluded that predictors for traditional substance-related addictions differ from predictors for behavioral addictions, and that this difference is more pronounced for gaming problems than for gambling problems.
Wrinkling on Stimuli-Responsive Functional Polymer Surfaces as a Promising Strategy for the Preparation of Effective Antibacterial/Antibiofouling Surfaces

Biocompatible smart interfaces play a crucial role in biomedical or tissue engineering applications, where their ability to actively change their conformation or physico-chemical properties permits finely tuning their surface attributes. Polyelectrolytes, such as acrylic acid, are a particular type of smart polymers that present pH responsiveness. This work aims to fabricate stable hydrogel films with reversible pH responsiveness that could spontaneously form wrinkled surface patterns. For this purpose, the photosensitive reaction mixtures were deposited via spin-coating over functionalized glasses. Following vacuum, UV, or either plasma treatments, it is possible to spontaneously form wrinkles, which could increase cell adherence. The pH responsiveness of the material was evaluated, observing an abrupt variation in the film thickness as a function of the environmental pH. Moreover, the presence of the carboxylic acid functional groups at the interface was evidenced by analyzing the adsorption/desorption capacity using methylene blue as a cationic dye model. The results demonstrated that increasing the acrylic acid in the microwrinkled hydrogel effectively improved the adsorption and release capacity and the ability of the carboxylic groups to establish ionic interactions with methylene blue. Finally, the role of the acrylic acid groups and the surface topography (smooth or wrinkled) on the final antibacterial properties were investigated, demonstrating their efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria model strains (E. coli and S. Aureus). According to our findings, microwrinkled hydrogels presented excellent antibacterial properties improving the results obtained for planar (smooth) hydrogels.
Association between Handwashing Behavior and Infectious Diseases among Low-Income Community Children in Urban New Delhi, India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Diarrheal diseases and respiratory infections (RI) are two leading causes of childhood mortality in low and middle-income countries. Effective handwashing at critical time-points may mitigate these diseases. However, there is a lack of published data investigating this association in school-aged children in India. This study is part of a larger prospective handwashing intervention study in a low-income community in New Delhi, India examining the associations between handwashing behavior and diarrhea and RI in schoolchildren. This current study reports the findings of the baseline survey administered to 272 mother–child dyads. Children aged 8–12 years, and their mothers, were recruited from six schools. A baseline questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, handwash behavior, and mother-reported recent diarrhea and RI incidence among the children. Handwashing before and after preparing food, after defecation, and after cleaning dishes significantly reduced the odds of diarrhea by over 70%, and of RI by over 56%. Using a clean cloth after handwashing lowered odds of diarrhea and RI by 72% and 63% respectively. Around 60% of the participants believed that handwashing could prevent diarrhea and RI in their children. There was a low prevalence of handwashing at critical time-points and a poor perception regarding handwashing benefits. To improve handwashing behavior, hygiene promotion programs need to understand what motivates and hinders handwashing in vulnerable populations.
A Road Safety-Based Selection Methodology for Professional Drivers: Behaviour and Accident Rate Analysis

In this paper, we examine the factors affecting the behaviour of road users and the impact of these factors on professional drivers’ reliability and performance. A professional driver is considered as a driver involved in the processes of driving a vehicle as a matter of his/her business or the transportation of passengers or goods by bus or lorry, with higher liability in terms of road safety and requiring a higher degree of maintained attentiveness, constant concentration, and working capacity. This article highlights the process of selecting a professional driver by focusing on the driver’s individual and psychophysiological characteristics. An anonymous survey on professional drivers and a statistical analysis of the accidents caused by professional drivers was used to research the impact of fatigue on the behaviour of road users. The conducted statistical analysis demonstrates that the amount of professional driving experience most conducive to driving a vehicle safely was observed at between 29 and 33 years of experience. It was also found that a higher probability of causing an accident after rest days is related to the driver’s long period of engagement at work and inadequate rest. This study demonstrates that specific requirements should be applied to the methodologies for selecting professional drivers, the research on the reliability of which aims to develop a concept that enables opting for those drivers able to properly perform hired work, causing minimal losses due to road accidents.
Electronic Health Literacy in Individuals with Chronic Pain and Its Association with Psychological Function

Electronic health literacy skills and competences are important for empowering people to have an active role in making appropriate health care decisions. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to (1) examine the frequency of use of the Internet for seeking online information about chronic pain, (2) determine the level of eHealth literacy skills in the study sample, (3) identify the factors most closely associated with higher levels of eHealth literacy, and (4) examine self-efficacy as a potential mediator of the association between eHealth literacy and measures of pain and function in a sample of adults with chronic pain. One-hundred and sixty-one adults with chronic pain completed measures assessing internet use, eHealth literacy, pain interference, anxiety, depression, and pain-related self-efficacy. Results indicated that 70% of the participants are active users of the Internet for seeking information related to their health. The level of eHealth literacy skills was not statistically significantly associated with participants’ age or pain interference but was significantly negatively associated with both anxiety and depression. In addition, the findings showed that self-efficacy fully explained the relationship between eHealth literacy and depression and partially explained the relationship between eHealth literacy and anxiety. Self-efficacy should be considered as a treatment target in eHealth literacy interventions, due to its role in explaining the potential benefits of eHealth literacy.
Mechanisms and Regulation of Cellular Senescence

Cellular senescence entails a state of an essentially irreversible proliferative arrest in which cells remain metabolically active and secrete a range of pro-inflammatory and proteolytic factors as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. There are different types of senescent cells, and senescence can be induced in response to many DNA damage signals. Senescent cells accumulate in different tissues and organs where they have distinct physiological and pathological functions. Despite this diversity, all senescent cells must be able to survive in a nondividing state while protecting themselves from positive feedback loops linked to the constant activation of the DNA damage response. This capacity requires changes in core cellular programs. Understanding how different cell types can undergo extensive changes in their transcriptional programs, metabolism, heterochromatin patterns, and cellular structures to induce a common cellular state is crucial to preventing cancer development/progression and to improving health during aging. In this review, we discuss how senescent cells continuously evolve after their initial proliferative arrest and highlight the unifying features that define the senescent state.
Detection and classification of buried dielectric anomalies using a separated aperture sensor and a neural network discriminator

The problem of detection and classification of buried dielectric anomalies using artificial neural networks was considered. Several methods for training and data representation were developed to study the trainability and generalization capabilities of the networks. The effect of the architectural variation of the network performance was also studied. The principal component method was used to reduce the volume of the data and also the dimension of the weight space. Simulation results on two types of targets were obtained which indicated superior detection and classification performance when compared with the conventional methods. <<ETX>>
Control concept of Unified Power Line Conditioner

The Unified Power Line Conditioner (UPLC) with integrated series and parallel active filters is a universal solution featuring most power quality problems in distribution systems. This paper outlines the central concept of UPLC. The series active filter is controlled to maintain the load terminal voltage at required level with sinusoidal waveform, while the parallel active filter is specialized for mitigating the harmonics and the imbalance of the nonlinear loads. The exchanging power between the two active filters is limited to minimum. The control concept of UPLC is introduced and analyzed, with the simulation results to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Emotional content influences eye-movements under natural but not under instructed conditions

ABSTRACT In everyday life, people can freely decide if and where they would like to move their attention and gaze, often influenced by physical and emotional salience of stimuli. However, many laboratory paradigms explicitly instruct participants when and how to move their eyes, leading to unnatural instructed eye-movements. The current preregistered study compared eye-movements to peripherally appearing faces with happy, angry and neutral expressions under natural and instructed conditions. Participants reliably moved their eyes towards peripheral faces, even when they were not instructed to do so; however, eye-movements were significantly slower under natural than under instructed conditions. Competing central stimuli decelerated eye-movements independently of instructions. Unexpectedly, the emotional salience only affected eye-movements under natural conditions, with faster saccades towards emotional than towards neutral faces. No effects of emotional expression occurred when participants were instructed to move their eyes. The study shows that natural eye-movements significantly differ from instructed eye-movements and emotion-driven attention effects are reduced when participants are artificially instructed to move their eyes, suggesting that research should investigate eye-movements under natural conditions.
Socioeconomic Gradients in Prostate Cancer Incidence Among Canadian Males: A Trend Analysis From 1992 to 2010

Introduction Understanding the effects of socioeconomic status on cancer incidence and their trends over time will help inform public health interventions for cancer control. This study sought to investigate trends in socioeconomic inequalities in prostate cancer incidence among Canadian males. Methods Using a census division level dataset (n = 280) constructed from the Canadian Cancer Registry, Canadian Census of Population (1992, 1996, 2001, 2006) and 2011 National Household Survey, we examined the effect of socioeconomic status on prostate cancer incidence among Canadian males between 1992 and 2010. The age-adjusted concentration index was used to quantify education/income-related inequalities in prostate cancer incidence. Results The crude prostate cancer incidence increased from 115 to 137 per 100 000 males in Canada from 1992 to 2010 with a peak in 2007. The rate increased significantly in all but three of four western provinces. The age-adjusted concentration index showed a higher concentration of prostate cancer diagnoses among males living in high-income neighbourhoods in Canada in particular from 1996 to 2005. In contrast, the index was higher among males living in less-educated neighbourhoods in the most recent study years (2006–2010). Conclusions The concentration of new prostate cancer cases among high-income populations in Canada may be explained by the rise of opportunistic screening of asymptomatic males; however, this should be studied in further detail. Since we found a higher incidence rate of prostate cancer among less-educated males in Canada in recent years, risk-benefit investigation of primary prevention and opportunistic screening for less-educated males is advised.
How beliefs about weight malleability and risk perceptions for obesity influence parents’ information seeking and feeding

This study surveyed 185 parents to determine whether their perceived risk of their child developing obesity and their implicit theories about the malleability of weight independently and/or interactively predict their child-feeding and pursuit of child-related obesity risk information. Higher risk perceptions were associated with healthier feeding intentions and more information seeking. More incremental (malleable) beliefs predicted healthier feeding intentions and greater pursuit of environmental, but not genetic, information. Contrary to hypotheses, the influence of implicit theories and risk perceptions were primarily independent; however, more incremental beliefs predicted less “junk food” feeding among only parents with lower perceived risk.
Unmasking Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: The Association of Longitudinal Glycemic Hemoglobin Level and Medications.

CONTEXT Fracture risk is underestimated in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). OBJECTIVE To investigate the longitudinal relationship of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and common medications on fracture risk in people with T2D. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study was conducted using de-identified claims and EHR data obtained from the OptumLabs ® Data Warehouse during 01/01/2007 to 09/30/2015. For each individual, the study was conducted within a two-year HbA1c observation period and a two-year fracture follow-up period. SETTING Population-based study. PARTICIPANTS 157,439 individuals with T2D [age ≥ 55 years with mean HbA1c value ≥ 6%] were selected from 4,018,250 US Medicare Advantage/Commercial enrollee with T2D diagnosis. Main Outcome Measures. All fractures and fragility fractures were measured. RESULTS With covariates adjusted, poor glycemic control in T2D individuals was associated with an 29% increase of all fracture risk, compared to T2D individuals with adequate glycemic control (HR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.22-1.36). Treatment with metformin (HR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.85-0.92) and DPP4 inhibitors (HR: 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.98) were associated with a reduced all fracture risk, while insulin (HR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.21-1.32), thiazolidinediones (HR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.18-1.29), meglitinides (HR: 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.26) were associated with an increased all fracture risk (All p-value < 0.05). Bisphosphonates were associated similarly with increased fracture risk in T2D group and in non-diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal two-year HbA1c is independently associated with an elevated all fracture risk in T2D individuals during a two-year follow-up period. Metformin and DPP4 inhibitors can be used for management of T2D fracture risk.
Host‐microbe metatranscriptome reveals differences between acute and chronic infections in diabetes‐related foot ulcers

Virtually all diabetes‐related foot ulcers (DRFUs) will become colonized by microorganisms that may increase the risk of developing an infection. The reasons why some ulcerations develop acute clinical infections (AI‐DRFUs) whilst others develop chronic infection (CI‐DRFUs) and the preceding host‐microbe interactions in vivo remain largely unknown. Establishing that acute and chronic infections are distinct processes requires demonstrating that these are two different strategies employed by microbes when interacting with a host. In this study, dual‐RNA seq was employed to differentiate the host‐microbe metatranscriptome between DRFUs that had localized chronic infection or acute clinical infection. Comparison of the host metatranscriptome in AI‐DRFUs relative to CI‐DRFUs identified upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that functioned as regulators of vascular lymphatic inflammatory responses, T‐cell signalling and olfactory receptors. Conversely, CI‐DRFUs upregulated DEGs responsible for cellular homeostasis. Gene set enrichment analysis using Hallmark annotations revealed enrichment of immune and inflammatory profiles in CI‐DRFUs relative to AI‐DRFUs. Analysis of the microbial metatranscriptome identified the DEGs being enriched within AI‐DRFUs relative to CI‐DRFUs included several toxins, two‐component systems, bacterial motility, secretion systems and genes encoding for energy metabolism. Functions relevant to DRFU pathology were further explored, including biofilm and bacterial pathogenesis. This identified that the expression of biofilm‐associated genes was higher within CI‐DRFUs compared to that of AI‐DRFUs, with mucR being the most highly expressed gene. Collectively, these data provide insights into the host‐microbe function in two clinically‐distinct infective phenotypes that affect DRFUs. The data reveal that bacteria in acutely infected DRFUs prioritize motility over biofilm and demonstrate greater pathogenicity and mechanisms, which likely subvert host cellular and immune pathways to establish infection. Upregulation of genes for key vascular inflammatory mediators in acutely infected ulcers may contribute, in part, to the clinical picture of a red, hot, swollen foot, which differentiates an acutely infected ulcer from that of a chronic infection.