Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends of surgical treatment for spinal degenerative disease in China: a cohort of 37,897 inpatients from 2003 to 2016

Purpose: Given the aging Chinese population and the inevitable degenerative process of the spine, more elderly patients with spinal degenerative disease (SDD) are surgical candidates, placing a significant burden on health care resources. Few studies have investigated recent trends in hospital admissions and procedures for SDD in China. This study aimed to identify the trends, if any, in the number of surgical procedures undertaken for SDD in a large patient cohort. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort analysis used data from inpatient medical records at Peking University Third Hospital between 2003 and 2016. Descriptive statistical analysis, regression models, and a Holt–Winters seasonal model were used to analyze trends. Results: Altogether, 38,676 surgery records from 37,897 SDD patients who had undergone surgical treatment were included in our study, among whom 49.60%, 47.81%, and 2.59% were treated because of cervical, lumbar, and thoracic degenerative disease, respectively. There was an increasing trend for spinal surgery performance with an increasing mean age at surgery, from 50.65 years of age in 2003 to 55.29 years in 2016. We also revealed interesting seasonal variation in our study – that is, most of the spinal procedures were performed during the winter and spring months. Conclusion: Our study showed a significantly increasing surgical workload for addressing SDD in China. Both the public and the health care system should be aware of this increase in chronic degenerative disease in the aging population.
Categorical Perception: The Groundwork of Cognition

List of contributors Preface Introduction: psychophysical and cognitive aspects of categorical perception: a critical overview S. Harnad Part I. Psychophysical Foundations of Categorical Perception: 1. Categoric perception: some psychophysical models R. E. Pastore 2. Beyond the categorical/continuous distinction: a psychophysical approach to processing modes N. A. MacMillan Part II. Categorical Perception of Speech: 3. Phonetic category boundaries are flexible B. H. Repp and A. M. Liberman 4. Auditory, articulatory, and learning explanations of categorical perception in speech S. Rosen and P. Howell 5. On infant speech perception and the acquisition of language P. D. Eimas, J. L. Miller and P. W. Jusczyk Part III. Models for Speech Categorical Perception: 6. Neural models of speech perception: a case history R. E. Remez 7. On the categorization of speech sounds R. L. Diehl and K. R. Kluender 8. Categorical partition: a fuzzy-logical model of categorization behaviour D. W. Massaro Part IV. Categorical Perception in Other Modalities and Other Species: 9. Perceptual categories in vision and audition M. H. Bornstein 10. Categorical perception of sound signals: facts and hypotheses from animal studies G. Ehret 11. A naturalistic view of categorical perception C. T. Snowden 12. The special-mechanisms debate in speech research: categorization tests on animals and infants P. K. Kuhl 13. Brain mechanisms in categorical perception M. Wilson Part V. Psychophysiological Indices of Categorical Perception: 14. Electrophysiological indices of categorical perception for speech D. L. Molfese 15. Evoked potentials and color-defined categories D. Regan Part VI. Higher-order Categories: 16. Categorization processes and categorical perception D. L. Medin and L. W. Barsalou 17. Developmental changes in category structure F. C. Keil and M. H. Kelly 18. Spatial categories: the perception and conceptualization of spatial relations E. Bialystok and D. R. Olson Part VII. Cognitive Foundations: 19. Category induction and representation S. Harnad Author index Subject index.
Clinical characteristics of cytomegalovirus colitis: a 15-year experience from a tertiary reference center

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis is considered rare in immunocompetent patients. Objective: The predictors of mortality and the differences between immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with this disease remain unknown. Thus, the aim of this retrospective cohort study was to clarify these issues. Patients and methods: We enrolled all patients who were histologically diagnosed with CMV colitis between April 2002 and December 2016 in the Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: immunocompetent and immunocompromised, and the differences between them were analyzed to develop in-hospital mortality predictors. Results: A total of 69 patients (42, immunocompetent; 27, immunocompromised) were enrolled. The most common symptoms were melena in the immunocompetent group and diarrhea in the immunocompromised group. The in-hospital mortality rate showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (26.2% vs 25.9%, P = 0.981). Early diagnosis was the only significant independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.075, 95% CI 1.005–1.149, P = 0.035). The cutoff of diagnostic timing was 9 days from admission, derived from the receiver operating characteristic curve using the Youden index. Conclusion: CMV colitis in immunocompetent patients is markedly more common and fatal than has generally been acknowledged. Being alert to different ways in which this disease can present itself will enable early diagnosis and significantly reduce mortality. pp65 antigen and showed strong focal CMV immunoreactivity with brownish areas.
Effect of distillery spentwash on yield and quality of sugarcane var COC 86032.

A field experiment was conducted at Research and Development Farm of M/s Sakthi Sugars Limited, Appakudal during 2006-2007 to find out the effect of spentwash application on yield and quality of sugarcane, variety CoC 86032. The results revealed that spentwash application of 1.0 lakh litres ha-1 along with the recommended dose of NPK or NP alone being comparable among themselves. Among the methods of spentwash application, the application of spent wash at 90th days after planting registered higher cane yield to the tune of 6.1% over the application DSW before planting. The yield attributes like cane length, cane girth, number of millable canes and number of internodes per cane and yield in sugarcane were enhanced due to the application of spentwash@1.0 lakh litres ha-1 along with NPK or NP alone with an yield increase of 46.5 and 42.5 t ha-1, respectively over the control. The brix % and sucrose % in the juice were increased to a tune of 20.6% and 19.2 % in the best treatment over 17.9 and 16.3% recorded in the control. The increase in purity % and sugar yield was to the tune of 7.2% and 7.17 t ha-1 over the control.
apatinib combined with docetaxel as a salvage treatment for metastatic esophageal squamous cancer: a case report

: The first-line treatment for metastatic esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is a platinum- or fluorouracil-based agent, followed by later treatment with taxanes or irinotecan. However, there is still no standard third-line treatment for patients with metastatic ESCC. We present a 62-year-old man initially diagnosed with locally advanced ESCC. After esophagectomy, the patient was administrated with six cycles of docetaxel and cisplatin combined with radiotherapy. After 8.0 months, computed tomography showed the left cervical lymph node metastasis. However, the metastatic lymph node was not significantly shrunk after locally palliative radiotherapy and the patient was intolerant of irinotecan as second-line systemic therapy. Then, the patient was rechallenged with six cycles of docetaxel combined with apatinib (an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 [VEGFR2]), followed by single dose of apatinib as maintenance therapy. According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 standard, partial response was achieved in this case after treating with docetaxel combined with apatinib. Now, the progression-free survival of this patient has been 7.5 months. After administrating with apatinib for 2 weeks, hypertension (grade III) was observed. Thus, the dose of apatinib was decreased from 850 to 500 mg and then the adverse effects were controllable and tolerable. In conclusion, apatinib with concurrent docetaxel provided potential efficacy as a salvage treatment for patients with metastatic ESCC. To our knowledge, this is the first case of ESCC who responded to apatinib combined with docetaxel.
Thyroid status and mortality in nonagenarians from long-lived families and the general population

The relationship between thyroid status and longevity has been investigated extensively. However, data on thyroid status and survival in old age is scarce. In this study we investigated associations of different parameters of thyroid status with mortality in nonagenarians, and whether these associations were different in nonagenarians from long‐lived families than in nonagenarians from the general population. In total, 805 nonagenarians from the Leiden Longevity Study and 259 nonagenarians from the Leiden 85‐plus Study were followed up to collect mortality data. At baseline, levels of thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) were measured. In nonagenarians from long‐lived families and from the general population, associations between thyroid parameters and mortality were similar. We found no interaction between study population and parameters of thyroid status on mortality (P‐values>0.70). The results from both studies were combined to derive generalizable associations. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the highest compared to lowest tertiles were determined, resulting in TSH HR 0.91 (P=0.25), fT4 HR 1.22 (P=0.02), fT3 HR 0.74 (P=1.31e‐ 4), and fT3/fT4 HR 0.66 (P=5.64e‐7). In conclusion, higher fT3/fT4 ratios, higher levels of fT3, and lower levels of fT4 were associated with lower mortality rate in nonagenarians and independent of familial longevity status.
Chasse et elevage du neolithique a l'age du fer dans la plaine de qazvin (iran). Etude archeozoologique des sites de zagheh, qabrestan et sagzabad

L'etude morphometrique poussee des vestiges osseux animaux de trois sites de la plaine de qazvin, au nord du plateau central iranien, revele principalement l'existence d'une tres importante diversite taxinomique chez les equides, notamment parmi les sous-especes d'hemiones (equus hemionus onager, e. H. Kulan, e. H. Binagadensis). Elle a d'importantes consequences biogeographiques, ecologiques et anthropologiques. L'analyse archeozoologique indique que, des le 6e millenaire av. J. -c. , les animaux d'elevage de la plaine de qazvin etaient les caprines et le buf, tres tot exploites pour les productions secondaires. Elle met par ailleurs en evidence des schemas d'exploitation animale atypiques par rapport aux autres regions de l'iran, notamment le zagros : bien que l'elevage reste toujours dominant, les taux de chasse sont tres importants des le neolithique et augmentent au chalcolithique et aux ages des metaux, evolution qui se manifeste notamment par une specialisation de la chasse sur les hemiones. Les principales especes chassees sont les caprines sauvages (ovis orientalis et capra aegagrus), la gazelle goitreuse (gazella subgutturosa), les equides (principalement e. Hemionus et e. Hydruntinus), ainsi que, secondairement, les suides. Ces resultats indiquent une exploitation intensive de divers milieux ecologiques a faible ou forte distance des sites. Enfin, l'analyse archeozoologique des assemblages des ages des metaux met en evidence l'existence de relations entre la region de qazvin l'est du territoire iranien et le sud de l'asie centrale.
Cool-Fetch : A Compiler-Enabled IPC Estimation Based Framework for Energy Reduction

With power consumption becoming an increasingly important factor, it is necessary to reevaluate traditional, power-intensive, architectural techniques and their relative performance benefits. We believe that combined architecturecompiler efforts open up new and efficient ways to retain the performance benefits of modern architectures while addressing their power impact. In this paper, we present Cool-Fetch, an architecture-compiler based approach to reduce energy consumption in the processor. While we mainly target the fetch unit, an important side-effect of our approach is that we obtain energy savings in many other parts of the processor. The explanation is that the fetch unit often runs substantially ahead of execution, bringing in instructions to different stages in the processor that may never be executed. We have found that although the degree of Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) of a program tends to vary over time, it can be statically estimated by the compiler. Our Instructions Per Clock (IPC) estimation scheme uses monotonic dataflow analysis and simple heuristics, to guide a fetch-throttling mechanism. We develop the necessary architecture support and include its power overhead. Using Mediabench and SPEC2000 applications, we obtain up to 15% total energy savings in the processor with generally little performance degradation. We also provide a comparison of Cool-Fetch with previously proposed hardwareonly dynamic fetch-throttling schemes.
Morphological characterization, cytogenetic analysis, and geographical distribution of the Pygmy Marbled Newt Triturus marmoratus pygmaeus (Wolterstorff, 1905) (Caudata: Salamandridae)

Triturus marmoratus pygmaeus, a problematic subspecies of the Marbled Newt from the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula, is redescribed using specimens collected in the “typical” area. Diagnostic external morphological features are provided to permit the accurate determination of the specimens belonging either to T. m. marmoratus or to T. m. pygmaeus. These diagnostic features were applied to individuals both from the field and from museum collections. The results indicate a larger distributional area for T. m. pygmaeus than was previously recognized. The distribution of T. m. marmoratus ranges over the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula and most of France; T. m. pygmaeus occupies the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula. The contact area between the two subspecies seems to be located along the Central Range Mountains (Sistema Central) in Portugal and Spain. T. m. marmoratus extends southwards beyond this borderline in three areas: Serra da Estrela (Portugal), Sierra de Gata (Spain) and Sierra de Guadarrama (Spain). The only point at which T. m. pygmaeus reaches northwards beyond the Central System is near Puerto de Malagon (Madrid Province, Spain). No cases of strict sympatry, nor individuals with intermediate morphological features have been observed. The results of an extensive cytogenetical analysis do not show any differences between T. m. pygmaeus and T. m. marmoratus. Interestingly, however, the T. m. pygmaeus populations from Donana (Huelva Province, Spain) showed an exclusive, though little differentiated, C-banding pattern.
Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Patients With Valvular Atrial Fibrillation

BACKGROUND Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly used in place of warfarin, but evidence about their effectiveness and safety in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) remains limited. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness and safety of DOACs compared with warfarin in patients with valvular AF. DESIGN New-user retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study. SETTING U.S.-based commercial health care database from 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2019. PARTICIPANTS Adults with valvular AF who were newly prescribed DOACs or warfarin. MEASUREMENTS The primary effectiveness outcome was a composite of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism. The primary safety outcome was a composite of intracranial or gastrointestinal bleeding. RESULTS Among a total of 56 336 patients with valvular AF matched on propensity score, use of DOACs (vs. warfarin) was associated with lower risk for ischemic stroke or systemic embolism (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64 [95% CI, 0.59 to 0.70]) and major bleeding events (HR, 0.67 [CI, 0.63 to 0.72]). The results for the effectiveness and safety outcomes remained consistent for apixaban (HRs, 0.54 [CI, 0.47 to 0.61] and 0.52 [CI, 0.47 to 0.57], respectively) and rivaroxaban (HRs, 0.74 [CI, 0.64 to 0.86] and 0.87 [CI, 0.79 to 0.96], respectively); with dabigatran, results were consistent for the major bleeding outcome (HR, 0.81 [CI, 0.68 to 0.97]) but not for effectiveness (HR, 1.03 [CI, 0.81 to 1.31]). LIMITATION Relatively short follow-up; inability to ascertain disease severity. CONCLUSION In this comparative effectiveness study using practice-based claims data, patients with valvular AF who were new users of DOACs had lower risks for ischemic stroke or systemic embolism and major bleeding than new users of warfarin. These data may be used to guide risk-benefit discussions regarding anticoagulant choices for patients with valvular AF. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE None.
Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor Type II Inactivation Induces the Malignant Transformation of Intestinal Neoplasms Initiated by Apc Mutation

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a tumor-suppressor pathway that is commonly inactivated in colon cancer. TGF-β is a secreted ligand that mediates its effects through a transmembrane heteromeric receptor complex, which consists of type I (TGFBR1) and type II subunits (TGFBR2). Approximately 30% of colon cancers carry TGFBR2 mutations, demonstrating that it is a common target for mutational inactivation in this cancer. To assess the functional role of TGFBR2 inactivation in the multistep progression sequence of colon cancer, we generated a mouse model that recapitulates two common genetic events observed in human colon cancer by mating Apc 1638N/wt mice with mice that are null for Tgfbr2 in the intestinal epithelium, Villin- Cre; Tgfbr2 E2flx/E2flx mice. In this model, we observed a dramatic increase in the number of intestinal adenocarcinomas in the Apc 1638N/wt ;Villin -Cre ;Tgfbr2 E2flx/E2flx mice (called Apc 1638N/wt ;Tgfbr2 IEKO ) compared with those mice with intact Tgfbr2 ( Apc 1638N/wt ;Tgfbr2 E2flx/E2flx ). Additionally, in vitro analyses of epithelial tumor cells derived from the Apc 1638N/wt ;Tgfbr2 IEKO mice showed enhanced expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as increased TGF-β1 secretion in the conditioned medium. Similarly, primary tumor tissues from the Apc 1638N/wt ;Tgfbr2 IEKO mice also showed elevated amounts of TGF-β1 as well as higher MMP-2 activity in comparison with Apc 1638N/wt ;Tgfbr2 E2fl x/ E2fl x –derived tumors. Thus, loss of TGFBR2 in intestinal epithelial cells promotes the invasion and malignant transformation of tumors initiated by Apc mutation, providing evidence that Wnt signaling deregulation and TGF-β signaling inactivation cooperate to drive the initiation and progression, respectively, of intestinal cancers in vivo . (Cancer Res 2006; 66(20): 9837-44)
Unilateral veral pedicle screw fixation combined with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion rsus bilatefor the treatment of low lumbar degenerative disc diseases:analysis of clinical and radiographic results

Objective Our objective was to compare the clinical and radio graphic results of unilateral pedicle screw fixation (UPSF) and bilateral pedicle screw fixation (BPSF) after unilateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion ( TLIF) for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc diseases (DDD). Materials and methods 63 patients who underwent UPSF or BPSF combined wit h unilateral TLIF at L4-L5 or L5-S1 were included in our hospital from 2014-2016. The perioperative outcomes and radiographic results were recorded at preoperative and postoperative follow-up. Fusion rates were determined according to the Bridw ell-Lenke grading system. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by the VAS, the OD I and the lumbar JOA. Results According to the perioperative assessments, the ope ration duration, intraand postoperative blood loss, painkiller used time, and hospital costs of UPSF group were significantly (p<0.0001) less than the BPSF group. After mean 24 months follow-up, both UPSF and BPSF significantly (p<0.05) maintaine d the disk height and segmental lordosis of surgical segment and achieve similar cl inical outcomes at final follow-up postoperative. The impacts of UPSF on the cranial a djacent vertebra level were significantly (p<0.05) smaller than the BPSF group in the short-term. Conclusion UPSF techniques with TLIF can attain similar clinic al efficiency in treating of low lumbar DDD with single level, compared with BPSF te chniques, but UPSF techniques with less surgical injuries and cost. BP SF with TLIF probably cause more degeneration at the cranial adjacent segment, when compared with UPSF techniques. M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT ED ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Chen, 4 The long term results still need to be observed.
Deep learning for noise-tolerant RDFS reasoning

Since the introduction of the Semantic Web vision in 2001 as an extension to the Web, where machines can reason about the Web content, the main research focus in semantic reasoning was on the soundness and completeness of the reasoners. While these reasoners assume the veracity of the input data, the reality is that the Web of data is inherently noisy. In 2010, Hitzler and van Harmelen called for questioning the model-theoretic semantic reasoning and investigation of machine learning (ML) for semantic reasoning [1] because ML techniques are more robust to noisy data. Four years later, a position paper about machine learning on linked data [2] considered research efforts to couple both fields to be still “disappointing”. Recent research work on semantic reasoning with noise-tolerance focuses on type inference and does not aim for full RDF Schema (RDFS) reasoning. This thesis documents a novel approach that takes previous research efforts in noisetolerance in the Semantic Web to the next level of full RDFS reasoning by utilizing advances in deep learning research. Deep learning techniques—even though robust to noise and very effective in generalizing across a number of fields including machine vision, natural language understanding, speech recognition etc.–require large amounts of data of low-level representation rather than “symbolic representations used in knowledge representation” ([3]). This challenge constitutes what is referred to as the Neural-Symbolic gap. This thesis aims to provide a stepping stone towards bridging the NeuralSymbolic gap, specifically targeting the Semantic Web field and RDFS reasoning in particular. This is accomplished through layering Resource Description Framework (RDF) graphs and encoding them in the form of 3D adjacency matrices. Each layer layout in the 3D adjacency matrices forms what we termed as graph word. Every
Biochemical and Histological Changes in Rat Liver Caused by Cypermethrin and Beta-Cyfluthrin

Cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin are two most widely used multipurpose pyrethroids. After determining their oral LD50 (416.98 mg kg-1 and 354.8 mg kg-1 body weight, respectively), we assessed their hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats following acute (0.1 LD50 for 1 day) and sub-acute (0.1 LD50 for 7, 14, 21 or 28 days) poisoning. The assessment was based on hepatic marker enzymes AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, glycogen, total proteins, total lipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids, and phospholipids. AST, ALT, LDH, total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and free fatty acids in hepatic homogenate increased following pyrethroid stress. In contrast, hepatic proteins, glycogen, and ALP activity decreased due to lysis of structural proteins and leakage of enzymes into the blood stream. Biochemical data were consistent with histological alterations (cytoplasmic vacuolisation, nuclear polymorphism, eccentric nucleus, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and sinusoidal dilation). Comparatively greater hepatocellular damage was noted in beta-cyfluthrin than in cypermethrin-treated rats, which is probably related to the fluorine atom in beta-cyfluthrin.