Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zero-Shot Learning via Category-Specific Visual-Semantic Mapping

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) aims to classify a test instance from an unseen category based on the training instances from seen categories, in which the gap between seen categories and unseen categories is generally bridged via visual-semantic mapping between the low-level visual feature space and the intermediate semantic space. However, the visual-semantic mapping learnt based on seen categories may not generalize well to unseen categories because the data distributions between seen categories and unseen categories are considerably different, which is known as the projection domain shift problem in ZSL. To address this domain shift issue, we propose a method named Adaptive Embedding ZSL (AEZSL) to learn an adaptive visual-semantic mapping for each unseen category based on the similarities between each unseen category and all the seen categories. Then, we further make two extensions based on our AEZSL method. Firstly, in order to utilize the unlabeled test instances from unseen categories, we extend our AEZSL to a semi-supervised approach named AEZSL with Label Refinement (AEZSL_LR), in which a progressive approach is developed to update the visual classifiers and refine the predicted test labels alternatively based on the similarities among test instances and among unseen categories. Secondly, to avoid learning visual-semantic mapping for each unseen category in the large-scale classification task, we extend our AEZSL to a deep adaptive embedding model named Deep AEZSL (DAEZSL) sharing the similar idea (i.e., visual-semantic mapping should be category-specific and related to the semantic space) with AEZSL, which only needs to be trained once, but can be applied to arbitrary number of unseen categories. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed methods achieve the state-of-the-art results for image classification on four benchmark datasets.
Dielectric Response: Answer to Many Questions in the Methylammonium Lead Halide Solar Cell Absorbers

Due to the unprecedented rapid increase of their power conversion efficiency, hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl) can potentially revolutionize the world of solar cells. However, despite tremendous research activity, the origin of the exceptionally large diffusion length of their photogenerated charge carriers, that is, their low recombination rate, remains elusive. Using frequency and temperature‐dependent dielectric measurements across the entire frequency spectrum, it is shown that the dielectric constant conserves very high values (>27) for frequencies below 1 THz in all three halides. This efficiently prevents photocarrier trapping and their recombination owing to the strong screening of charged entities. By combining ultrasonic and Raman spectroscopy with dielectric analysis, similarly large contributions to the dielectric constant are attributed to the dipolar disorder of the CH3NH3 + cations as well as lattice dynamics in the gigahertz range yielding dielectric constants of εstat = 62 for the iodide, 58 for the bromide, and about 45 for the chloride below 1 GHz at room temperature. Disorder continuously reduces for decreasing temperature. Dipole dynamics prevail in the intermediate tetragonal phase. The low‐temperature orthorhombic state is antipolar. No indications of ferroelectricity are found.
Ketoprofen-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes formation by supercritical process technology

Ketoprofen was a poorly soluble which anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic drug, solubility of which can be enchanced by form complexation with β-cyclodextrin. Besides that, the inclusion complex reduces the incidence of gastrointestinal side effect of drug. The aims of this research are to study the effect of H2O concentration in the supercritical carbondioxide and operation condition in the formation of ketoprofen-β-Cyclodextrin inclusion complex. This research was began by dissolved H2O in supercritical CO2 at 40°C and various saturation pressures. Then, dissolved H2O contacted with (1:5 w/w) ketoprofen-β-Cyclodextrin mixture at 50°C and various operation pressures. It called saturation process. Saturation was done for ±2 hours with agitation process and continued by decompression process. The products were characterized by drug Release, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DCS) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. The percentage from this work were 76,82%-89,99% for inclusion complex.
THE STUDY OF EXTRACTION METHODS OF THE VOLATILE OIL OF LEDUM PALUSTRE

Objective: To explore the extraction and separation methods of the volatile oil of Ledum palustre,and provide scientific basis for further development and use.Methods: We compared the yield and component change of the volatile oil of Ledum palustre by supercritical-CO_2 fluid extraction(SFE)and by steam distillation(SD)respectively ,and the volatile oil has been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by GCMS.Results: The yield of SD and SFE was 1.54% and 1.72% respectively.The volatile oil of Ledum palustre extracted by SFE had been identified 29 components,and the volatile oil of Ledum palustre extracted by SD had been identified 25 components,in which 23 components were common ingredients.Conclusion: The results suggested that extraction of volatile oil from Ledum palustre by SF-CO_2 is more satisfactory.
Influence of Electrical Conductivity, Days in Milk and Parity on Milk Production and Chemical Composition

The aim of study was to assess milk production and chemical composition during the first 100 days of lactation, under the influence of electrical conductivity, parity and days in milk. Study was conducted at Research and Development Station for Bovine Arad, on 66 Romanian Spotted cows (20 primiparous, 46 multiparous). Significantly higher values ( p≤0.017 ) of electrical conductivity were recorded for primiparous (10.15±0.09 mS/cm) compared with multiparous (8.79±0.15 mS/cm). During the first 30 DIM electrical conductivity was higher (9.7±0.12 mS/cm) than for 31 to 60 DIM (9.04±0.12 mS/cm; p≤0.001 ) and for 61 to 100 DIM (8.17±0.11 mS/cm, p≤0.001 ). Multifactorial regression model applied highlights significant influence of month of calving ( p≤0.001 ) and DIM ( p≤0.034 ) on the electrical conductivity, while parity had no influence ( p>0.36 ). Medium and negative correlations were calculated between electrical conductivity and some chemical components (fat R=-0.15, protein R=-0.13), while to milk production correlation was positive (R=0.12). No significant correlations were obtained according to lactose content (R=-0.013). Dynamics of milk production and chemical composition have been significantly influenced by month of calving ( p≤0.001 ), DIM ( p≤0.001 ) and parity ( p≤0.002 ). This study found no significant influence of milk electrical conductivity on milk production or chemical composition ( p>0.59 ).
Highly stable perovskite solar cells in humid and hot environment

An organic–inorganic perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a very promising candidate for a next-generation photovoltaic system. For the last three years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has been dramatically improved from 9.7% to 22.1%; however, a poor long-term stability still limits the commercialization of PSCs. In this study, we explore the effect of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite (PRC) passivation layer on the chemical and thermal stability of PSCs. The PRC passivation layer shows superior protection performance due to improved hydrophobicity and increased complexity of the O2 or H2O diffusion pathway. Moreover, the excellent thermal conductivity of rGO facilitates heat dissipation through the PRC layer. When the PRC layer is coated, the aging of PSCs is significantly prevented even under extreme conditions of humidity (>75%) and temperature (∼85 °C). Consequently, the PCE of PRC-passivated PSCs exhibits a negligible change in air, temperature of 35 °C, and humidity of 40% for 1000 h. Our study offers a simple and robust way to fabricate long-term stable and highly efficient PSCs, thus providing a path to PSC commercialization.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil profiles (0–100 cm) from the industrial district of a large open-pit coal mine, China

Mining and industrial activities are the primary sources of soil pollution in the open-pit coal mine. The concentrations of PAHs in 11 sampling sites in the industrial district and 9 sampling sites with different land use types in Pingshuo open-pit coal mine, China, were measured to investigate the distributions of PAHs and possible sources in soil profiles (0–100 cm). In the topsoil layer (0–20 cm), concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 2.15 to 33.51 mg kg−1, with a mean value of 11.93 mg kg−1. PAHs were more variable in the middle soil layer (20–50 cm), ranging from 0.199 to 36.888 mg kg−1 with the average value of 9.21 mg kg−1. Comparable extreme concentrations were detected from the samples in the subsoil layer (50–100 cm). Compared with those in topsoil, the average concentrations of the most individual PAH species were less in the middle soil and subsoil layers. The concentrations of most of the individual PAHs in the topsoil were higher than those in the middle soil and subsoil. Distribution patterns of PAHs in the three soil layers correlated well with each other. The high concentration hotspots were concentrated around the old coal washery, reaching about 30 mg kg−1. The average concentrations of PAHs with different rings in the industrial district exceeded those in the other land use types. However, only the concentrations of 5-ring PAHs in topsoil showed difference with different land use types (P < 0.05). Diagnostic ratios and the total index showed that petroleum combustion was the main source of PAHs.
Response of upland rice (Oryza sativa) to briquettes containingNPK

Field experiments were conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Shenda Park, Farm Kolhapur on Entisol, Sub-Montane Zone of Maharashtra during the kharif seasons of 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10 to study the response of kharif upland rice crop to fertilizer briquettes containing NPK. The response of conventional method of fertilizer application through fertilizers like urea, di-ammonium phosphate and muriate of potash was studied in comparison to application of the same fertilizers through briquettes at the different levels of NPK. The upland rice crop was sown in paired rows having alternate spacing of 15-25 cm and fertilized through briquettes placed in the 15 cm alternate bands of the paired rows to accommodate the different fertilizer levels. The recommended dose (RD) of fertilizers was applied at the rate of 100-50-50 (kg NPK/ha). The fertilizer treatments consisted of 100, 75 and 50% RD applied through conventional fertilizers to the crop and through briquettes. Nitrogen was applied in two splits for the conventional fertilizers, while phosphorus and potash were applied as basal. The briquettes containing the entire dose of fertilizers were applied as basal at the time of sowing. It was also compared to nitrogen application in two splits wherein half the dose of nitrogen was applied through briquettes along with P and K, while the rest half dose of nitrogen was applied after one month. Findings of study revealed that the basal application of fertilizers through briquettes significantly increased the grain yield of rice crop as compared to the conventional method of fertilizer application and nitrogen applied in splits. Application of fertilizer briquettes @ 100% RD to rice crop increased the grain yield of rice by 24% (37.0 q/ha) over the RD (29.9 q/ha) applied through conventional fertilizers. Application of nitrogen as basal through briquettes to rice was more effective and recorded higher yield of rice when compared to the split application of nitrogen. Basal application of nitrogen @ 75 and 100% RD through briquettes produced 15 and 6% higher grain yields of rice (34.5 and 37.0 q/ha), respectively, as compared to application of nitrogen in two splits (25.6, 29.9 and 34.9 q/ha) through briquettes. The straw yield and nutrient uptake by the crop also revealed similar trend. Fertilization of rice crop through the briquettes recorded relatively higher values of nutrient uptake which were reflected in higher grain, straw yields and yield contributing parameters. The soil nutrient contents after harvest of the rice crop revealed slightly higher soil test values when the crop was fertilized through briquettes.
Anatase-rutile phase stability and photocatalytic activity of Nb2O5-doped TiO2

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely used as photocatalysts. The relative fraction of titanium dioxide polymorph, i.e. anatase, rutile, or brookite, the nanoparticle size and the doping significantly affect the photocatalytic performance of this material. Due to the smaller surface energy, the anatase phase is more favorable at nanoscale. Doping elements, such as niobium, are expected to modify this behavior, due to changes in both surface and bulk energies. However, the effect of niobium on the relative stability of anatase and rutile phases is not well understood from the thermodynamic point of view. Aiming a better understanding of this effect, in the first part of this work, a new predictive nanoscale phase diagram was built for Nb2O5-doped TiO2, which shows the stable titania polymorph as a function of the composition and size. In the sequence, TiO2 nanoparticles doped with 0 to 5 mol% Nb2O5 were synthesized by simultaneous precipitation. 5 mol% Nb2O5 postponed the anatase to rutile transformation by about 200 °C. After thermal treatment of 5 mol% Nb2O5-doped TiO2 at 700 °C, no rutile was detected, while undoped TiO2 presented 90 wt. % of this phase. For samples calcined at 450 °C for 7 h, a decreasing on crystallite size from 11.8 to 5.9 nm and an increasing on specific surface area from 92 to 168 m2/g were observed between the undoped TiO2 and 5 mol% Nb2O5-doped TiO2. Photocatalytic activity of anatase polymorph was measured by the decomposition rate of methylene blue under ultraviolet and daylight illumination and compared to commercial standard catalyst (TiO2 P25). The results showed higher photocatalytic activity for 5 mol% Nb2O5-doped TiO2 than P25 under visible light. The enhanced performance was attributed to surface chemistry change associated with a slight shift in the band gap. Thus, 5 mol% Nb2O5doped TiO2 was coated on glazed ceramic tiles by spraying to form a nanometric film on the surface of the ceramic tiles after sintering from 600-900 °C. The superhydrophilic character was evaluated by measuring the water contact angle under UV-irradiation. The degradation of methylene blue was performed according to ISO 10.678 and JIS R 1703-2. The results showed better performance of doped samples at all temperature tested (600-900 °C). At 800 °C, the doped samples achieved water contact angle near to zero in just 15 min under UV-irradiation. The SEM images showed that Nb2O5 doping drastically decreases the grain size of the TiO2 nanoparticles.
Isomeric N‐Linked Benzoimidazole Containing New Electron Acceptors for Exciplex Forming Hosts in Highly Efficient Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs

Three benzoimidazole containing new electron‐accepting materials of 1,3,5‐tris(2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐1‐yl)benzene (i TPyBIB), 1,1′,1′′‐(pyridine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris(2‐phenyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole) (i TPBIPy), and 1,1′,1′′‐(pyridine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris(2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole) (i TPyBIPy) are designed and synthesized. Compared to the commercial electron‐transport 2,2,2‐(1,3,5‐phenylene)‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazole) (TPBI) with the C‐atom in benzoimidazole linked to the central phenyl ring, the introduction of isomeric N‐linkage to the central phenyl or pyridine ring in three compounds remarkably simplifies the synthesis to a one‐step CN coupling reaction. iTPyBIB, iTPBIPy, and iTPyBIPy exhibit comparable highest occupied molecular orbital (≈6.0 eV) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (≈2.5 eV) energy levels, similar triplet energy levels of ≈2.65 eV with TPBI, whereas reduced electron‐transport properties. All materials can be applied as electron acceptors to form universal exciplex with general hole‐transport electron donors, such as N,N′‐dicarbazolyl‐3,5‐benzene (mCP), 4,4′,4′′‐tris(N‐carbazolyl)‐triphenylamine (TCTA), and 1,1‐bis[4‐[N,N‐di(p‐tolyl)‐amino]phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC) in the blended films with 1:1 molar ratio. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 17.0%, 19.3%, and 13.4% is achieved in mCP, mCP:iTPBIPy, and mCP:TPBI hosted blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes, respectively, indicating the superior electron‐acceptor property of the N‐linked iTPBIPy for exciplex forming cohost.
Pitch measurements in chiral lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals

ABSTRACT The recent interest in lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) has resulted in significant understanding of the assembly behaviour and liquid crystal properties of these water-based systems. On the other hand, there has been much less investigation into chiral LCLCs, which result if the chromonic molecule is chiral or if a chiral dopant is added to the solution. Measurements of the pitch of the LCLC disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) with several chiral dopants using both the Cano wedge and fingerprint texture methods are reported. The results include quantitative measurements of both the pitch and the helical twisting power. The ability of dopants to induce twist in DSCG varies widely, with some having almost no effect, with others producing a pitch approaching 3 and with most displaying an inverse pitch–dopant concentration dependence that is nonlinear at high concentrations. Graphical Abstract
Herbicidal value of essential oils from oregano-like flavour species

ABSTRACT Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of oregano, marjoram and Thymus mastichina essential oils against Portulaca oleracea L. , Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. has been investigated. Seventy-seven compounds reaching 97.3% and 99.4% were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Carvacrol (60.42 ± 0.07%), p-cymene (15.52 ± 0.02%) and γ-terpinene (5.19 ± 0.02%) were the main compounds in oregano essential oil, whereas large amounts of 1,8-cineol (59.59 ± 0.85%, 49.49 ± 0.37%), linalool (13.05 ± 0.04%, 5.66 ± 0.01%) and α-terpineol (3.36 ± 0.10%, 5.59 ± 0.01%), followed by β-pinene (4.35 ± 0.39, 5.54 ± 0.01%) and α-pinene (4.11 ± 0.53, 4.28 ± 0.01%) were found, respectively, in marjoram and T. mastichina essential oils. Oregano essential oil completely inhibited seed germination and seedling growth at all concentrations assayed (0.125–1 µL mL−1), whereas marjoram and T. mastichina essential oils only showed significant effects in hypocotyl and/or hypocotyl + radicle length depending on the weed and dose. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The effect of different solvent polarity on the precipitation of heavy organics from a crude oil deposit in the Niger Delta

The precipitation of heavy organics (Saturates, Aromatics, Resins and Asphaltenes) from the Niger delta (Atan crude oil residue) was studied. Two C 4 organic polar solvents (ethyl acetate and butanone) were used to investigate the effect of polarity of the precipitating solvents. The heavy organics precipitated from Antan crude residue were 3.34% and 3.76% for ethyl acetate and butanone respectively. Asphaltenes were precipitated from the heavy organic precipitates using n-C 5 and n-C 6 alkanes. Chromatographic separation and spectroscopic analysis of the deasphalted soluble filtrate were carried out. The results identified the presence of saturates, aromatics and resins in the C 4 heavy organic precipitate. Key words : Heavy Organics, Precipitates, Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, Asphaltenes
Drug Therapy Monitoring in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension

The aim of this paper is to detect, prevent and resolve DRP (drug-related problems) and NOM (negative outcomes associated with medication) in hospitalized patients with DM2 (type 2 diabetes) with HTN (hypertension) in a tertiary care clinic. Descriptive cross-sectional interventional study is used. DTM (drug therapy monitoring) was conducted in 73 patients using data obtained from clinical histories and interviews. NOM were detected based on symptoms and laboratory test results. The statistical significance was 0.05. It can be found that 23 DRP were detected, primarily in the category “likelihood of adverse effects” (30.43%) causing NOM in the “non-quantitative safety problem” category. The NOM detected were related to safety (62%), effectiveness (24.5%) and necessity (13.5%). Of the 68.57% of pharmacist interventions accepted, 48.57% were resolved and 20% were not resolved. A simple linear correlation (r = −0.34) analysis indicated a weak association between patient age and severity of NOM. DTM made it possible to detect suspected DRP and NOM, which were then prevented or resolved, improving the control of HTN and DM2 and helping ensure better drug therapy outcomes for patients.
Preliminary Studies on the Quality of Spruce and Silver Fir Seed as affected by its Source

The results of an investigation conducted to study the quality of spruce and silver fir seed as affected by its source in respect of weight, proportion of sound, unsound and empty seeds, absorption of water, germination percentage and germination value are reported. The seed source has been found to affect appreciably all the parameters studied.
Theoretical And Computational Studies Of Diffusion Of Adatom Islands And Reactions Of Molecules On Surfaces

The work presented in this dissertation focuses on the study of post deposition spatial and temporal evolution of adatom islands and molecules on surfaces using ab initio and semiemperical methods. It is a microscopic study of the phenomena of diffusion and reaction on nanostructured surfaces for which we have developed appropriate computational tools, as well as implemented others that are available. To map out the potential energy surface on which the adatom islands and molecules move, we have carried out ab initio electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) for selected systems. For others, we have relied on semiempirical interatomic potentials derived from the embedded atom method. To calculate the activation energy barriers, we have employed the “drag” method in most cases and verified its reliability by employing the more accurate nudged elastic band method for selected systems. Temporal and spatial evolution of the systems of interest have been calculated using the kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC), or the more accurate (complete) Self Learning kinetic Monte Carlo (SLKMC) method in the majority of cases, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in others. We have significantly enhanced the range of applicability of the SLKMC method by introducing a new pattern recognition scheme which by allowing occupancy of the “fcc” and “hcp” sites (and inclusion of “top” site in the pattern recognition as well) is capable of simulating the morphological evolution of