Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stream Condition in Piedmont Streams with Restored Riparian Buffers in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed 1

Orzetti, Leslie L. , R. Christian Jones, and Robert F. Murphy, 2010. Stream Condition in Piedmont Streams with Restored Riparian Buffers in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(3):473‐485. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2009. 00414.x
Tourism in Pacific Islands: current issues and future challenges

Section 1: Background 1. Tourism in Pacific Islands: Current Issues and Future Challenges David Harrison and Stephen Pratt 2. Colonisation, Decolonisation and Tourism in the French Pacific Anne-Marie d'Hauteserre Section 2: Images of the South Pacific 3.Early nineteenth century images of Fiji: postcards from the other side David Harrison 4. The Touristic Construction of the Amiable Fijian Yoko Kanemasu 5. Debunking Pacific Utopias: Chief Roi Mata's Domain and the Reimagining of People and Place in Vanuatu Joseph Cheer, Keir Reeves and Jennifer Laing Section 3: Socio-economic Impacts of Tourism 6. Adapting and Reacting to Tourism Development: A tale of two villages on Fiji's Coral Coast Apisalome Movono, Stephen Pratt and David Harrison 7. Vanua Tourism: Are Culture and Tradition Influencing the Success of Indigenous Community Owned Backpacker Operations in Fiji? Dawn Gibson 8. Tourism and Corporate Social Responsibility in the Pacific Regina Scheyvens and Emma Hughes 9. The Relationship between Tourism, the Pearl and Mother of Pearl Shell Jewellery Industries in Fiji Anand Chand, Suwastika Naidu, Paul C. Southgate and Theo Simos 10. Linkages between Tourism and Agriculture: Stakeholder Perspectives and Online Marketing and Promotion on the Island of Niue in the South Pacific Evangeline Singh, Simon Milne and John Hull Section 4: Pacific Island Countries and the Outside World 11. Air Transportation and Tourism Development in the Pacific Semisi Taumoepeau 12.Recent Developments and Changes in Demand for Tourism in Fij Uwe Kaufmann and Haruo Nakagawa 13. Hosting Bluewater Sailors: Destination Planning in the Tropic Pacific Barbara Koth 14.Understanding Climate Change Vulnerability of Tourism Destinations: Community-based Tourism in Samoa Min Jiang Terry DeLacy, Louise Klint, Dale Dominey-Howes, Emma Calgaro and Steve Noakes 15. Climate Change & Tourism: a focus on the South Pacific Louise Klint, Terry DeLacy, Sebastian Filep and Dale Dominey-Howes
Globalizing City: The Urban and Economic Transformation of Accra, Ghana

As urbanization of the world's population grows at an ever-increasing pace, the need to understand the effects of globalization on cities is at the forefront of urban studies. Traditional scholarship largely employs a framework of analysis based on the globablizing experience of Western cities. In "Globalizing City", Richard Grant draws on ten years of empirical research in Accra, Ghana's capital city, to show how this African metropolis is as deeply transformed by globalization as the cities of other world regions.Grant reveals the ways in which international, transnational, and local forces are operating on the urban landscape of Accra, from elite gated communities to the poorest slums. Through interviews and extensive field work, he examines how foreign companies, returned expatriates, and native Ghanaians foster globalization on multiple levels. "Globalizing City" offers an excellent case study of the complex social and economic dynamics that have transformed Accra, providing an essential guide for studying globalizing cities in general.
Backarc volcanism along the en echelon seamounts: The Enpo seamount chain in the northern Izu‐Ogasawara arc

We report results of detailed petrological analyses of volcanic rocks from the Enpo seamount chain that reveal the characteristics of volcanism in a backarc en echelon seamount chain in an oceanic island arc setting. We identified two types volcanic rock suites in the Enpo seamount chain based on bulk rock trace element chemistry and compositions of chrome spinels included in olivine phenocrysts of primitive basalts. “More Enriched Suites” (MES) have enriched HFSE compositions (such as Nb, Ta), higher Nb/Zr values, and low Cr# in spinel. “Less Enriched Suites” (LES) have depleted HFSE compositions, lower Nb/Zr values, and high Cr# in spinel. These results require distinct mantle sources with different for the volcanic rocks constituting the Enpo seamount chain. Mineralogical and geochemical analyses show that petrological variations within LES lavas are explained by fractionation with open system magma mixing. In contrast, variations between MES lavas require different mechanisms of magma genesis because petrological variation within this suite cannot be explained by fractionation. MES basalts also exhibit mineralogical evidence for magma mixing. Volcanism on the Enpo seamount chain is characterized by complex spatial and temporal relationships between MES lavas consisting of subalkaline basalt, alkaline andesite, and hornblende (water rich) andesite, and LES lavas consisting of subalkaline basalt and fractionated andesite. We suggest that these features are characteristic of variability within magma systems that feed backarc seamount chains in oceanic island arcs.
Dietary trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver in the mouse

Dietary trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver in the mouse Abstract Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are a class of po-sitional, geometric, conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid (LA). Dietary CLA supplementation results in a dramatic decrease in body fat mass in mice, but also causes considerable liver steatosis. However, little is known of the molecular mechanisms leading to hepatomegaly. Although c9,t11-and t10,c12-CLA isomers are found in similar proportions in commercial preparations, the respective roles of these two molecules in liver enlargement has not been studied. We show here that mice fed a diet enriched in t10,c12-CLA (0.4% w/w) for 4 weeks developed lipoatrophy, hyper-insulinemia, and fatty liver, whereas diets enriched in c9,t11-CLA and LA had no significant effect. In the liver, dietary t10,c12-CLA triggered the ectopic production of peroxi-some proliferator-activated receptor ␥ (PPAR ␥), adipocyte lipid-binding protein and fatty acid transporter mRNAs and induced expression of the sterol responsive element-binding protein-1a and fatty acid synthase genes. In vitro trans-activation assays demonstrated that t10,c12-and c9,t11-CLA were equally efficient at activating PPAR ␣ , ␤ / ␦ , and ␥ and inhibiting liver-X-receptor. Thus, the specific effect of t10,c12-CLA is unlikely to result from direct interaction with these nuclear receptors. Instead, t10,c12-CLA-induced hy-perinsulinemia may trigger liver steatosis, by inducing both fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis. Dietary trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver in the mouse. Supplementary key words conjugated linoleic acid • peroxisome pro-liferator-activated receptors • liver-X-receptors • sterol responsive element binding proteins • hyperinsulinism • liver steatosis Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are a class of positional and geometric conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid (LA) found in dairy products, in bovine and ovine meat, and in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. Although c9,t11-CLA (also known as rumenic acid) is the main CLA isomer present in food, it is found in almost equal proportions with the t10,c12-CLA isomer in commercial CLA preparations. The effects of CLA have been thoroughly studied in various animal models (1, 2). CLA have anticar-cinogenic properties in both mice and rats (3), and delay the onset of atherosclerosis in rabbits (4) and hamsters (5). CLA-enriched diets also cause rapid, massive changes in body composition, particularly in the mouse, in which a decrease in fat stores associated with an increase in lean body mass has been reported (6, 7). Much is now known about the physiological basis of the CLA-induced decrease in adipose tissue …
Simulation of the long term radiometric responses of the Terra MODIS and EO-1 ALI using Hyperion spectral responses over Railroad Valley Playa in Nevada (RVPN)

The Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion instrument provides 220 spectral bands with wavelengths between 400 and 2500 nm at 30 m spatial resolution, which covers a 7.5 km by 100 km area on the ground. The EO-1 spacecraft has another multispectral sensor called the Advanced Land Imager (ALI), which has 10 spectral bands with wavelengths between 400 and 2350 nm at 30 m spatial resolution. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard the Terra spacecraft was launched in Dec., 1999, and flies approximately 30 minutes behind EO-1. Nearsimultaneous observations from Terra MODIS, EO-1 ALI and Hyperion over a well characterized Railroad Valley Playa in Nevada (RVPN) target are chosen for this study. A uniform region of interest (ROI) within the playa within latitudes and longitudes of 38.48 and -115.71 to 38.53 and -115.66 was chosen for this analysis. A representation of the ground spectra during every near-simultaneous acquisition of MODIS and ALI is obtained using EO-1 Hyperion data. Using the EO-1 Hyperion derived top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance profile along with the ALI and MODIS relative spectral responses (RSR), simulated reflectance for the matching band pairs is calculated. The Hyperion simulated TOA reflectance results are compared to the measured TOA reflectance trends of ALI and MODIS. The long-term measured versus simulated reflectance results are used to examine the relationships and calibration differences between the ALI and MODIS sensors.
Changes in Bone Mineral Density and Related Influencing Factors Assessed by Quantitative Computed Tomography in Maintenance Dialysis Patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) assessed by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on maintenance dialysis. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, from March to July 2022. METHODOLOGY Maintenance dialysis patients were selected for this study, and parameters related to renal function and bone metabolism markers were recorded. Patients undergoing routine physical examination were age-matched with maintenance dialysis patients to serve as the control group. vBMD scans of the lumbar spine (L1-3) were obtained by QCT for all participants. RESULTS Among the 141 maintenance dialysis patients, there were 67 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and 74 patients with non-secondary hyperparathyroidism (non-SHPT) with mean vBMDs of 145.99±55.13 mg/cm3 and 129.10±44.20 mg/cm3, respectively. The 159 individuals in the control group had mean age of 52.77±11.66 years and mean vBMD of 129.62±36.36 mg/cm3. The vBMD of the SHPT group was greater than that of both the non-SHPT group and the control group (all p<0.05). For dialysis patients, vBMD was positively correlated with calcium-phosphorus product and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels (r = 0.181, 0.214, respectively, p<0.05); vBMD was inversely correlated with age (r = -0.555, p<0.05). After adjusting for the covariates, vBMD remained positively correlated with iPTH (r = 0.184, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Increased lumbar vertebral vBMD in maintenance dialysis patients may be associated with high iPTH, providing clinicians with a new understanding of the changes in bone mineral density in maintenance dialysis patients. KEY WORDS Bone mineral density, Quantitative computed tomography, Chronic kidney disease, Maintenance dialysis.
Estimation of Soil Moisture with Api Algorithms and Microwave Emission

Large area soil moisture estimations are required to describe input to cloud prediction models, rainfall distribution models, and global crop yield models. Satellite mounted microwave sensor systems that as yet can only detect moisture at the surface have been suggested as a means of acquiring large area estimates. Relations previously discovered between microwave emission at the 1.55 cm wavelength and surface moisture as represented by an antecedent precipitation index were used to provide a pseudo infiltration estimation. Infiltration estimates based on surface wetness on a daily basis were then used to calculate the soil moisture in the surface 0–23 cm of the soil by use of a modified antecedent precipitation index. Reasonably good results were obtained (R2= 0.7162) when predicted soil moisture for the surface 23 cm was compared to measured moisture. Where the technique was modified to use only an estimate of surface moisture each three days an R2 value of 0.7116 resulted for the same data set. Correlations between predicted and actual soil moisture fall off rapidly for repeat observations more than three days apart. The algorithms developed in this study may be used over relatively flat agricultural lands to provide improved estimates of soil moisture to a depth greater than the depth of penetration for the sensor.
Cosmic‐ray exposure ages of pallasites

We analyzed cosmogenic nuclides in metal and/or silicate (primarily olivine) separated from the main‐group pallasites Admire, Ahumada, Albin, Brahin, Brenham, Esquel, Finmarken, Glorieta Mountain, Huckitta, Imilac, Krasnojarsk, Marjalahti, Molong, Seymchan, South Bend, Springwater, and Thiel Mountains and from Eagle Station. The metal separates contained an olivine fraction which although small, <1 wt% in most cases, nonetheless contributes significantly to the budgets of some nuclides (e.g., up to 35% for 21Ne and 26Al). A correction for olivine is therefore essential and was made using model calculations and/or empirical relations for the production rates of cosmogenic nuclides in iron meteoroids and/or measured elemental concentrations. Cosmic‐ray exposure (CRE) ages for the metal phases of the main‐group pallasites range from 7 to 180 Ma, but many of the ages cluster around a central peak near 100 Ma. These CRE ages suggest that the parent body of the main‐group pallasites underwent a major break‐up that produced most of the meteorites analyzed. The CRE age distribution for the pallasites overlaps only a small fraction of the distribution for the IIIAB iron meteorites. Most pallasites and IIIAB irons originated in different collisions, probably on different parent bodies; a few IIIABs and pallasites may have come out of the same collision but a firm conclusion requires further study. CRE ages calculated from noble gas and radionuclide data of the metal fraction are higher on average than the 21Ne exposure ages obtained for the olivine samples. As the metal and olivine fractions were taken in most cases from different specimens, the depth‐dependency of the production rate ratio 10Be/21Ne in metal, not accounted for in our calculations, may explain the difference.
The use and application of information communication technologies for information provision by library workers of the University of Botswana library.

The purpose of this study was to detennine the use and application of infonnation communication technologies (ICTs) by the library workers of the University of Botswana Library. ICTs play an important role in a library environment because they enable libraries to be accessed rapidly as well as increasing the range, relevance and accessibility of infonnation provided by the libraries. ICTs are therefore important for supporting the library workers in their everyday roles. This research was done with a view to propose recommendations which may enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of University of Botswana Library workers in facilitating timely, relevant, accurate and reliable access to infonnation for the library users through the utilisation of ICTs. The population of the research was the University of Botswana Library and its branches namely the Faculty of Engineering Library in Gaborone, the Centre for Continuing Education Branch in Francistown and the Harry Oppenheimer Branch in Maun. Primary and secondary sources of data were used to meet the objectives of the study. The research was done using a self-administered questionnaire, observation and interviews. The response rate was 67 (86.36 %) out of a population of 88. The data collected for this study identified that the University of Botswana Library workers had limitations on the use and application of ICTs as well as varying levels of skills and knowledge on their utilisation. The library workers lack ICT skills because they are only trained for specific routine tasks. In addition, some workers do not have enthusiasm to learn on their own.
Current challenges in treatment and management of spontaneous coronary artery dissection

ABSTRACT Though an infrequent cause of acute coronary syndrome, spontaneous coronary artery dissection is an increasingly recognized cardiovascular condition predominantly seen in middle-aged females. Its pathophysiology is defined by separation of coronary arterial wall layers which cause acute coronary syndrome-like presentations with relatively high recurrence rates. Overall, there is a lack of reported literature and understanding of the short- and long-term management for spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Therapeutic approaches include, but are not limited to, percutaneous coronary intervention, surgical revascularization, antithrombotic therapy, and beta-blocker therapy. There is a significant absence of randomized control trials to help guide both interventional and medical management for spontaneous coronary artery dissection. This review is aimed to review the current literature regarding risk factors and considerations for the short- and long-term management of spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Plain Language Summary Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a condition commonly found in middle-aged females with symptoms that mimic a traditional ‘heart-attack. ’ The condition differs where it is without actual arterial blood clot formation within the coronary arteries. In general, spontaneous coronary artery dissection involves the tearing of certain layers within coronary artery walls causing the expansion of layers with bleeding in between, consequently causing arterial blockage. In general, there is a lack of consensus on therapeutic strategy for this condition given a limited amount of data. This review article expands on the current data regarding the management of spontaneous coronary artery dissection including interventional versus medical management. Despite being rare, this acute disease process can have significant implications; however, it has been found that a more conservative approach with close monitoring is generally recommended.
Social determinants of mental health among older adolescent girls living in urban informal settlements in Kenya and Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT The health burden due to mental health has historically been underestimated with focus on communicable diseases and deaths and little consideration of disability and comorbidity effects of poor mental health. Recent data show increasing trends of mental health disorders as a share of global health burdens and vulnerability of adolescents. This paper aims to explore social determinants of mental health as experienced by adolescent girls, drawing attention to gendered risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews with twenty-two adolescent girls in urban informal settlements in Kenya and Nigeria reveal unique environmental, socio-cultural, economic and educational factors that threatened their mental wellbeing. The pandemic exacerbated these determinants. An equitable recovery will require a consideration of not only disproportional mental health outcomes, but also social determinants that contribute to these outcomes. As more than half of the urban population in sub-Saharan Africa reside in informal settlements, this study has implications for youth-focused mental health interventions in these and similar settings.
Chemical weathering since the Little Ice Age recorded in lake sediments: a high‐resolution proxy of past climate

Because of the different geochemical behaviour of rubidium and strontium in earth surface processes, variations of the Rb/Sr ratios in lake sediments were used as a geochemical proxy of chemical weathering and past climate in a single watershed. Low magnetic susceptibility, low CaCO3, low Sr concentration and, hence, high Rb/Sr ratio in the lake sediments indicate weak chemical weathering under a cold but wet climate during the Little Ice Age (LIA) in the closed Daihai Lake watershed. The concordant change in both Sr and CaCO3 concentrations with δ18O values in the Dunde ice core suggests that weak chemical weathering during the wet LIA was controlled by air temperature. After the LIA, however, precipitation played a dominant role in chemical weathering. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomarkers of cellular senescence and risk of death in humans

A robust and heterogenous secretory phenotype is a core feature of most senescent cells. In addition to mediators of age‐related pathology, components of the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) have been studied as biomarkers of senescent cell burden and, in turn, biological age. Therefore, we hypothesized that circulating concentrations of candidate senescence biomarkers, including chemokines, cytokines, matrix remodeling proteins, and growth factors, could predict mortality in older adults. We assessed associations between plasma levels of 28 SASP proteins and risk of mortality over a median follow‐up of 6.3 years in 1923 patients 65 years of age or older with zero or one chronic condition at baseline. Overall, the five senescence biomarkers most strongly associated with an increased risk of death were GDF15, RAGE, VEGFA, PARC, and MMP2, after adjusting for age, sex, race, and the presence of one chronic condition. The combination of biomarkers and clinical and demographic covariates exhibited a significantly higher c‐statistic for risk of death (0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76–0.82) than the covariates alone (0.70, CI: 0.67–0.74) (p < 0.001). Collectively, these findings lend further support to biomarkers of cellular senescence as informative predictors of clinically important health outcomes in older adults, including death.
A correlation study of high‐altitude and midaltitude clouds and galactic cosmic rays by MIPAS‐Envisat

[1] The cloud index (CI), the cloud occurrence frequency (Occ), and the extinction data (Ext) of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding instrument on board Envisat (MIPAS-E) from July 2002 to March 2004 are used to investigate a possible link between galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and midaltitude and high-altitude clouds (CI, Occ: 9–18 km, Ext: 12–24 km). The zonally averaged data with 3 km vertical resolution are averaged over six major Forbush decrease (FD) events and subsequently correlated with the Climax neutron monitor data (CNM). In order to allow for nucleation and growth of ice particles, time lags from 0 to 5 days are applied. We find several weak but statistically significant correlations with an excess of positive cloud-GCR correlations. Introducing a time lag does not enhance the correlations significantly. Subdividing the data in a global grid with 30° × 90° × 3 km resolution shows higher correlations in some regions. The investigation of the individual FD events yields a heterogeneous picture. Overall, there is a weak tendency toward a positive cloud-CNM correlation. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test shows that for time shifts from 0 to +5 days a weak GCR-cloud effect is evident in the MIPAS-E measurements. An estimation of the impact of this effect delivers that a 15% increase in CNM would result in a small decrease in CI (corresponding to an increase in cloud opacity) which is most pronounced at 9 km altitude (−9% to +0.5%). For log(Ext) a decrease of −5 to 0% is calculated at 12 km altitude which shifts toward weak positive values at higher altitudes.