Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
One size fits all? Designing financial incentives tailored to individual economic preferences

Financial incentives are often designed to benefit from behavioral insights. Individuals’ preferences for such behaviorally inspired incentives are rarely studied, nor is the role played by the behavioral insights that motivated them. This study aimed to let individuals design their own incentives (i.e., tailored incentives) and to explore which individual characteristics are associated with these preferences for tailored incentives. A sample of students (n = 182) tailored hypothetical incentives for visiting the gym. Incentives could be tailored by: (1) committing personal funds; (2) picking weekly payouts (increasing or decreasing); and (3) introducing payout risk while increasing value. Afterwards, (inter alia) loss aversion, probability weighting, time discounting, present bias, cognitive reflection and trait self-control were measured. A large majority indicated being willing to deposit their own money, and only very few individuals selected risky incentives. These heterogeneous preferences for financial incentives are poorly predicted by the individual characteristics measured (i.e., economic preferences and psychological traits). These results suggest that preferences for tailored incentives could be studied as input for the design of financial incentives. However, it is unclear whether tailoring incentives improves cost-effectiveness, as the lack of association between tailored incentives and the behavioral insights that motivate them has multiple conflicting interpretations.
Shipping surcharges and LSQ: pricing the last mile

Pricing the shipping surcharge is a major strategic decision for online retailers, and free shipping promotions are becoming more common among online retailers. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of last mile pricing strategies on customer attraction and retention in the hypercompetitive online retailing industry. Specifically, this paper investigates the effect of partitioning the shipping surcharge on consumer logistics service quality (LSQ) perceptions and, in turn, purchase behavior. ,Employing signaling theory and expectation–disconfirmation theory, hypotheses are derived for two specific points in an online purchase scenario: prepurchase and following a logistics disruption. The hypotheses are tested using a scenario-based experiment with manipulations for the level of shipping surcharge partitioning and the presence of a logistics disruption. ,The results suggest that partitioned shipping surcharges influence prepurchase expectations of LSQ satisfaction and amplify the negative effects of logistics disruptions. This, in turn, drives the purchase and repurchase intentions. ,The findings inform online retailers of the perceptual and behavioral effects of last mile pricing strategies. Specifically, this research demonstrates how and under what conditioning partitioning the shipping surcharge can influence the attraction and retention of online customers. ,This study integrates pricing and LSQ research to assess the black box of consumer purchase behavior. This is one of the first studies to empirically contrast the effects of last mile pricing strategies on consumer expectations and perceptions of LSQ.
Investigation of maternal breed and rearing type on the calf rumen microbiome from day 28 through weaning,

© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. Transl. Anim. Sci. 2018.2:S125–129 doi: 10.1093/tas/txy034
Safety and Efficacy of Topical Diclofenac and Subcutaneous Firocoxib, Ketoprofen, and Meloxicam in Smoky Jungle Frogs (Leptodactylus pentadactylus )

Abstract Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often used in anurans, limited pharmacodynamic data are available regarding their value, particularly with regards to repeated dosing. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of serial, once-daily NSAID dosing in smoky jungle frogs (Leptodactylus pentadactylus). Twenty frogs were randomly assigned to receive one of five treatments, once daily for six consecutive days: topical diclofenac (1 mg/kg) or subcutaneous firocoxib (5 mg/kg), ketoprofen (1 mg/kg), meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg), or an equal volume 0.9% saline (control). An acetic acid test was used to determine the nociceptive threshold for each frog 2, 8, 24, 48, and 144 h after initial drug administration. All frogs were euthanized on day 7 for gross examination and histopathology. No significant difference in response was noted for any drug at any time point compared with saline. Mean or median test response for NSAID groups was greater than or equal to saline in 3/4, 2/4, 4/4, 4/4, and 3/4 frogs at 2, 8, 24, 48, and 144 h, respectively. Significant necropsy findings included epidermal necrosis of the hindlimbs in 7/20 frogs (NSAID groups), gastric ulceration in 6/ 20 frogs (NSAID and saline groups), and renal tubular degeneration in 1/20 frogs (NSAID group). None of the aforementioned pathologies were suspected to be secondary to NSAID administration. Further research regarding NSAID pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in anurans is warranted. Topical acetic acid is correlated with epidermal necrosis in smoky jungle frogs.
Determinants of coopetition and contingency of strategic choices: the case of professional football clubs in France

ABSTRACT Research question: The research aims to identify the determinants of ‘coopetitive’ strategies compared to more competitive or cooperative ones, while examining the contingency of strategic choices to strategic groups. The focus is on French professional football over the 2006–2017 period. The contribution to the literature comes from using strategic groups and breaking down specific characteristics of player transactions in this industry. Research methods: The methodology is based on an exploratory statistical analysis composed by cluster analysis. First, a Pearson's principal component analysis (PCA) is conducted, before using K-means classification. Results and Findings: Results provide empirical evidence for a high contingency of strategic choices. The taxonomy found is closely related to the economic, financial and sporting characteristics of a club. Belonging to a specific class highly influences the strategy a club can implement. In addition, the diversity of club behaviours in the league are highlighted. Implications: Our findings bring relevant information for practitioners about their strategies and the managerial implications of a potential reform of player transactions between teams. Indeed, FIFA is working on a reform to limit the number of outgoing loans that a team can use and better control the transfer system.
Effect of Bio-Fertilizer and Kitchen Waste Manure on Growth of Chilli cv. Pusa Jwala

Pepper (Capsicum sp.) is an economically important vegetable crop belonging to the family solanaceae having chromosome number n = 12 (Thambhuraj and Singh, 2015). It originated from South and Central America where it is still under cultivation (Pickersgill, 1997). Pepper was introduced into Europe by Columbus and other early new explorers in the sixteenth century and cultivation spread throughout the world (Greenleaf,1986). Chilli (Capsicum annum var. frutescence) is one of the most important vegetable crops grown throughout India. It is grown for export as well as for domestic market. Chilli is a heavy feeder crop so, it needs higher amount of nutrient according to recommended that 150 kg/ha Nitrogen, 75 kg/ha Phosphorus, 75 kg/ha Potassium.
Language Anxiety in Focus: The Case of Filipino Undergraduate Teacher Education Learners

This study has focused on determining the level, sources, and causes of foreign language anxiety of students taking up teacher education courses in the Philippines and how language anxiety affects the English proficiency of the respondents and their language learning. A total of 242 learners from a Philippine-based learning institution answered an English proficiency exam (EPE) and a questionnaire comprising two parts: a 30-item English Language Anxiety Scale (ELAS) and a set of questions on causes of anxiety and effects on language learning. Means, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were calculated and used to characterize language anxiety level, sources, and causes. Correlation and regression analyses of the language anxiety variables and English proficiency of the respondents were then conducted. Follow-up interviews were also done for selected respondents in order to understand the nature and mechanism of the investigated relationships. The results confirmed that the speaking activity, error correction, and communicating with English speakers are sources of high anxiety of the Filipino learners, while the writing activity, negative self-perception, and noncomprehension are sources of moderate anxiety. All of the sources of anxiety were shown to have a significant negative relationship with second language anxiety, and simple regression analysis revealed that foreign language anxiety is a significant predictor of English proficiency. However, further analysis of the specific sources of anxiety using multiple regression analysis identified speaking activities anxiety as the only significant predictor of English proficiency.
Effect of Company Size, Audit Profitability, Leverage, and Audit Opinion on Audir Delay with Audit Quality as Moderators (Empirical Study of Listed Mining Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 Period)

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of company size, profitability, Leverage, and opinion Audit on the Audit Delay on mining Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2014 – 2018. And to analyze whether Audit quality can moderate company size, profitability, Leverage, and opinion Audit on the Audit Delay on the mining listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2014 – 2018. The method used is a quantitative method. The population in this study is all companies included in the mining sector listed on the Indonesia Stock exchange for five years, 2014 – 2018. Determination of the number of samples carried out using purposive sampling technique with non probability sampling technique so that the samples used in this study as much as 91 companies. The data collection techniques in this research are done in several ways, namely with documentation and library studies. The Data obtained was subsequently analyzed with a double linear regression analysis model using SPSS program support version 20.00. However, before the multiple regression analyses were first carried out analysis of the descriptive statistical regression and test of classical assumptions. The results showed that profitability, Leverage and Audit opinions have significant effect on Audit Delay. Meanwhile, company size has no effect on Audit Delay. Also for quality auditing is able to moderate company size, profitability, and Leverage on Audit Delay. Audit quality does not moderate the influence of Audit opinions on Audit Delay.
COVID-19: stock market reactions to the shock and the stimulus

ABSTRACT Using the WHO announcement on 11 March 2020 and the Federal Reserve Bank announcement on 9 April 2020 as two events that represent the shock and the stimulus, this study finds that COVID-19 caused a negative shock to the global stock markets, especially in emerging markets and for small firms. We find that the US stock market experienced positive abnormal returns from the Fed stimulus compared to other developed countries and emerging markets. We find that the positive abnormal returns from the stimulus were garnered by the US large firms instead of the small firms.
Good life egalitarianism

This article carves out a new path between the two dominant wings of contemporary egalitarianism. The luck egalitarian emphasis on choice and personal responsibility is misplaced because individuals differ so deeply, and arbitrarily, in their choice-making capacities. Allowing inequalities to result from ‘choice’ is akin to allowing inequalities to stem from the possession of any other morally arbitrary factor – such as skin colour or gender. The move towards relational egalitarianism has been a case of two-steps forward, one-step back. While the shift away from the focus on choice is salutary, the concurrent rejection of luck is problematic, given the prevalence and importance of luck-based discrepancies in opportunities to lead a good life. A new conceptual framework is presented: good life egalitarianism. The guiding idea is that given the unavoidable arbitrariness of human capacities, the foundation for a good life should be assured for people regardless of the actual choices that they make. The essential goods necessary for leading a good life – such as the opportunities to self-determine and to enjoy non-dominating social relationships – should be guaranteed to all.
Food security and migration in Africa: a validation of theoretical links using case studies from literature

The connection between food security and migration is increasingly discussed by both international agencies and academic literature. However, despite several improvements, we continue to know little about the complex causal-effect relations that link these aspects and, in particular, how much migration patterns are affected by food security issues and how much, as a feedback, migration can affect food security, on both the origin and destination areas. This paper aims firstly to draw a general framework of this nexus and then to validate it using empirical literature on the African continent. A few common points can be emphasized for the continent: due to structural and familiar characteristics, different strategies based on opportunity costs or risk minimization (including food security aspects) may emerge; individuals often migrate following household strategies; multi-nodal households are emerging; land grabbing and land tenure security represent important drivers to be considered; emergencies or critical situations often cause the erosion of women rights. In many situations, the poverty trap prevents most food insecure households to leave marginal lands.
The importance of and barriers to using a reading pictures strategy in the kindergarten curriculum: Jordanian teachers’ perspectives

ABSTRACT This study examines the perceptions of kindergarten (KG) teachers in Jordan about the importance of using a reading pictures strategy and the barriers to doing so. A descriptive design was employed and 192 teachers were surveyed to rank their perceptions. The results showed that teachers perceived a moderate level of importance about using reading pictures and almost a quarter indicated a low level of importance. There was no significant effect of specialisation, while there was a significant effect of qualification and years of experience. The results also revealed that using a reading pictures strategy is currently constrained by different factors including low parental involvement and lack of administration interest. A number of recommendations are presented for enhancing teachers’ perceptions regarding a reading pictures strategy and combating constraints.
Real Time In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Analysis of the Enamel Remineralization by Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP): A Clinical Proof-of-Concept Study

Enamel defects (EDs) are qualitative and/or quantitative disturbances of the dental surface. To date, the responsiveness to remineralizing treatments has been studied ex vivo, on dental sections from extracted teeth. The present research aims to establish if in vivo reflectance confocal laser scanning microscopy is able to visualize the changes in the enamel architecture on living teeth, before, during and after remineralizing treatments by casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). As proof-of-concept study, 17 consecutive children affected by EDs were enrolled and 38 EDs were considered. A CPP-ACP mousse was applied twice a week for 6 weeks and clinical and microscopic images were collected before, during and after the treatment for evaluating the changes occurred. For in vivo microscopic imaging, a reflectance confocal laser scanning microscope (RCM) for in vivo use was adopted. In this study RCM was proven to be able to visualize in vivo and at microscopic resolution the changes occurred during the remineralizing processes without needing for dental extractions and histopathological procedures. This in vivo RCM capability could encourage its clinical application in monitoring responsiveness to enamel therapies.
Towards Urban Mining—Estimating the Potential Environmental Benefits by Applying an Alternative Construction Practice. A Case Study from Switzerland

Modern cities emerged as the main accumulator for primary and waste materials. Recovery of both types from buildings after demolition/disassembly creates a secondary material stream that could relieve pressure from primary resources. Urban mining represents this circular approach, and its application depends on redefining current construction practice. Through the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and assuming primary resources as step zero of urban mining, this study estimates the impacts and benefits of conventional versus a circular construction practice applied to various buildings with different parameters and the country-level environmental potential savings that could be achieved through this switch in construction practice—using the increase of the residential building stock in Switzerland between 2012 and 2016 as a case study and key values from the experimental unit “Urban Mining and Recycling”, designed by Werner Sobek with Dirk E. Hebel and Felix Heisel and installed inside the NEST (Next Evolution in Sustainable Building Technologies) research building on the Empa campus in Switzerland. The results exhibit lower total impacts (at least 16% in each examined impact category) at building level and resulting benefits (i.e., 68–117 kt CO2-Eq) at country level over five years, which can be further reduced/increased respectively by using existing or recycled components, instead of virgin materials.
(Un)Managing Emotions at the Forefront: Stories from Shoreham Picket Line

In this article, I reflect on my experience as an active rank and file member of CUPE 3903, the union representing contract faculty and graduate students at York University in Toronto, Ontario, during the 2018 York University Strike, where I volunteered as a front-line communicator, or “car talker”. Drawing on these experiences, I reflect on the ways in which picketers generally try to (un)manage the emotions of drivers passing through the picket line. My analysis is focused on a particular venue - the Shoreham picket line located at the southwest entrance of the university, and centers around my personal interactions with the drivers crossing the picket line during the morning hours from March 2018 to May 2018. My analysis aims to open up space to discuss the largely overlooked role that the emotions of the public play in shaping the picket line experience. In particular, I provide a multi-directional analysis of the encounters that occurred between the picketers and the general public at the Shoreham picket line during the 2018 strike, highlighting the multiplicity of variables, such as the environment, the pre-existing beliefs of the participants, and expressions of collective anger, which informed these encounters. In doing this, I illuminate the complexity of the intertwined relationship between emotional and cognitive framing, thereby providing a more comprehensive model for understanding the role that emotions play in social movement organizing.
Where the really hard choices are: A general framework to quantify decision difficulty

Current models of decision-making more often than not ignore the level of difficulty of choices or treat it only informally. Yet, difficulty has been shown to affect human decision quality. We propose instance complexity (IC), a measure of computational resource requirements, as a generalisable framework to quantify difficulty of a choice based on a small number of properties of the choice. The main advantage of IC compared to other measures of difficulty is fourfold. Firstly, it is based on the theory of computation, a rigorous mathematical framework. Secondly, our measure captures complexity that is intrinsic to a decision task, that is, it does not depend on a particular solution strategy or algorithm. Thirdly, it does not require knowledge of a decision-maker’s attitudes or preferences. And lastly, it allows computation of difficulty of a decision task ex-ante, that is, without solving the decision task. We tested the relation between IC and (i) decision quality and (ii) effort exerted in a decision using two variants of the 0-1 knapsack problem, a canonical and ubiquitous computational problem. We show that participants exerted more effort on instances with higher IC but that decision quality was lower in those instances. Together, our results suggest that IC can be used as a general framework to measure the inherent complexity of decision tasks and to quantify computational resource requirements of choices. The latter is particularly relevant for models of resource allocation in the brain (meta-decision-making/cognitive control). Our results also suggest that existing models of decision-making that are based on optimisation (rationality) as well as models such as the Bayesian Brain Hypothesis, are computationally implausible.
Trading Simulations and Real Money Outcomes

Using a novel dataset of trades made on a trading simulator in Brazil, we examine the link between simulation experience and (1) the determinants of opening a real money account, and (2) the performance in real money accounts. We find that more active simulator users, simulator users who take on more risk, and simulator users with the best stock level performance (but not portfolio level performance) are more likely to open real money accounts. These users are also likely to be more active real money traders and significantly underperform in their real money trades. These results suggest that without proper education regarding the hazards of active trading and accurate performance evaluation, stock simulator users may draw incorrect inferences regarding their trading skill and experience real-money underperformance.
A Textile-Based Microfluidic Platform for the Detection of Cytostatic Drug Concentration in Sweat Samples

This work presents a new multilayered microfluidic platform, manufactured using a rapid and cost-effective xurography technique, for the detection of drug concentrations in sweat. Textile fabrics made of cotton and polyester were used as a component of the platform, and they were positioned in the middle of the microfluidic device. In order to obtain a highly conductive textile, the fabrics were in situ coated with different amounts of polyaniline and titanium dioxide nanocomposite. This portable microfluidic platform comprises at least three layers of optically transparent and flexible PVC foils which were stacked one on top of the other. Electrical contacts were provided from the edge of the textile material when a microfluidic variable resistor was actually created. The platform was tested in plain artificial sweat and in artificial sweat with a dissolved cytostatic test drug, cyclophosphamide, of different concentrations. The proposed microfluidic device decreased in resistance when the sweat was applied. In addition, it could successfully detect different concentrations of cytostatic medication in the sweat, which could make it a very useful tool for simple, reliable, and fast diagnostics.