Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In situ ordering of FePt thin films with face-centered-tetragonal (001) texture on Cr100−xRux underlayer at low substrate temperature

In situ ordered FePt thin films with face-centered-tetragonal (fct)-(001) texture have been prepared by magnetron sputtering the FePt layer onto the Cr100−xRux underlayer at relatively low temperature. The dependence of FePt texture on the Ru content in the Cr underlayer and the substrate temperature is investigated. Addition of Ru in Cr underlayer results in the formation of the FePt ordered phase in a lower substrate temperature (350 °C) with c-axis orientation perpendicular to the film plane. Good perpendicular magnetic properties are obtained in films with Cr91Ru9 underlayer. A thin Pt intermediate layer is introduced between the FePt layer and the CrRu underlayer, which is found to effectively resist the Cr diffusion from the CrRu underlayer into the FePt layer and results in better FePt fct-(001) texture and improved magnetic properties.
The Association between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Protein Level and Body Mass Index

Background and Objectives: Obesity is a major health concern worldwide. Many studies emphasize the important role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in regulating appetite and body weight. We aimed to investigate the association between BDNF protein serum levels and body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 108 healthy adult participants divided into six categories depending on their body mass index (BMI). The ages of the participants ranged between 21 to 45 years. The BDNF serum level was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: A Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference in BDNF between the different BMI categories, χ2(2) = 24.201, p < 0.001. Our data also showed that BDNF levels were significantly lower in people with obesity classes II and III than those of normal weight (p < 0.05). The Spearman rank correlation test was statistically significant with negative correlations between the BMI and BDNF (r) = −0.478, (p < 0.01). Moreover, we observed a negative dose-dependent relationship pattern between BMI categories and the levels of circulating BDNF protein. Conclusions: In this study, our data support the hypothesis that low serum levels of BDNF are associated with high BMI and obesity in Saudi adults.
Fully nonlinear global modes in slowly varying flows

We study the existence of nonlinear solutions of the real Ginzburg–Landau amplitude equation, with varying coefficients when the solution is subject to a boundary condition at x=0. These solutions, called nonlinear global modes, are explicitly obtained from a matched asymptotic expansion when nonlinear effect dominates over the inhomogeneity. The dynamics of this model is believed to mimic the behavior of strongly nonlinear but weakly nonparallel basic flow (basic flow varying in the streamwise direction). For the model, we derive scaling laws for the amplitude of nonlinear global modes and for the position of the maximum that explain for the first time the experimental observations of Goujon-Durand et al. [Phys. Rev. E 50, 308 (1994)] and the numerical simulations of Zielinska and Wesfreid [Phys. Fluids 7, 1418 (1995)] of the wake behind bluff bodies.
Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Field Pea Genotypes under Terminal Heat Stress

Field pea is one of the important short-duration cool season pulse crops which contributes significantly towards food and nutritional security. Two heat-susceptible (HS) and two heat-tolerant (HT) genotypes were selected from the previous study for further characterization. A significant variation was observed for morpho-physiological traits studied. Principal component analysis explained that first two principal components, i.e., PC1 and PC2 showed 76.5% of the total variance in optimal condition, whereas 91.2% of the total variance was covered by the first two PCs in heat stress environment. The seed yield per plant determined significant and positive association with superoxide dismutase and number of seeds per pod under optimal conditions, whereas under heat stress condition, it was positively associated with number of effective pods per plant, biological yield per plant, proline, pod length, number of seeds per pod, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase. The significant reduction was noticed in the susceptible genotypes, whereas tolerant genotypes showed stable and non-significant reduction in chlorophyll content. Further, minimum cell damage and higher hydrogen peroxide production was noticed in the susceptible genotypes. In addition, the biochemical characterization of HS and HT genotypes revealed that the higher expression of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase modulates the tolerant responses in HT genotypes. These genotypes were further used in developing heat-tolerant field pea genotypes.
High-temperature electrical and thermal transport properties of fully filled skutterudites RFe4Sb12 (R = Ca, Sr, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, and Yb)

Fully filled skutterudites RFe_(4)Sb_(12) (R = Ca, Sr, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, and Yb) have been prepared and the high-temperature electrical and thermal transport properties are investigated systematically. Lattice constants of RFe_(4)Sb_(12) increase almost linearly with increasing the ionic radii of the fillers, while the lattice expansion in filled structure is weakly influenced by the filler valence charge states. Using simple charge counting, the hole concentration in RFe_(4)Sb_(12) with divalent fillers (R = Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu, and Yb) is much higher than that in RFe4Sb12 with trivalent fillers (R = La, Ce, Pr, and Nd), resulting in relatively high electrical conductivity and low Seebeck coefficient. It is also found that RFe_(4)Sb_(12) filled skutterudites having similar filler valence charge states exhibit comparable electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, and the behavior of the temperature dependence, thereby leading to comparable power factor values in the temperature range from 300 to 800 K. All RFe_(4)Sb_(12) samples possess low lattice thermal conductivity. The correlation between the lattice thermal resistivity WL and ionic radii of the fillers is discussed and a good relationship of W_L ~ (r_(cage)−r_(ion))^3 is observed in lanthanide metal filled skutterudites. CeFe_(4)Sb_(12), PrFe_(4)Sb_(12), and NdFe_(4)Sb_(12) show the highest thermoelectric figure of merit around 0.87 at 750 K among all the filled skutterudites studied in this work.
Composition operators on μ-Bloch spaces

Abstract Given a positive continuous function $\mu $ on the interval $0\,<\,t\,\le \,1$ , we consider the space of so-called $\mu $ -Bloch functions on the unit ball. If $\mu \left( t \right)\,=\,t$ , these are the classical Bloch functions. For $\mu $ , we define a metric $F_{z}^{\mu }\left( u \right)$ in terms of which we give a characterization of $\mu $ -Bloch functions. Then, necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained in order that a composition operator be a bounded or compact operator between these generalized Bloch spaces. Our results extend those of Zhang and Xiao.
Reliability of Outputs of Field Random Number Generator Movie Experiments

Field random-number-generator (RNG) studies have reported that physical RNG outputs can sense field consciousness when many people simultaneously focus on worldwide events or news. The current study focused on the reliability of RNG outputs during an experimental event that evoked audience emotion based on the assumption that the RNG is a measure of field consciousness. Using a split-half method for internal consistency, two previous field RNG experiments (Shimizu & Ishikawa, 2010, 2012) showed positive reliability under an experimental condition (ICC(1,k)=0.684) in which an audience watched a movie that appealed to emotions. Unexpectedly, RNG outputs in the control condition showed negative reliability with a marginally significant correlation coefficient. This suggests that outputs of RNGs have some of the characteristics of quantum effects and have measurement functions in highly focused events. Future tasks are also discussed herein. NeuroQuantology | September 2012 | Volume 10 | Issue 3 | Page 389-393
Simultaneous fixed and random effects selection in finite mixture of linear mixed‐effects models

In this article, we study finite mixtures of linear mixed‐effects (FMLME) models that are useful for longitudinal regression modelling in the presence of heterogeneity in both fixed and random effects. These models are computationally challenging when the number of covariates is large, and traditional variable selection techniques become expensive to implement. We introduce a penalized likelihood approach, and propose a nested EM algorithm for efficient numerical computations. The resulting estimators are shown to possess consistency and sparsity properties, and to be asymptotically normally distributed. We illustrate the performance of our method through simulations and a real data example. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 596–616; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada
Quadratic Central Differential Identities on a Multilinear Polynomial

Let K be a commutative ring with unity, R a prime K-algebra, Z(R) the center of R, d and δ nonzero derivations of R, and f(x 1,…, x n ) a multilinear polynomial over K. If [d(f(r 1,…, r n )), δ (f(r 1,…, r n ))] ∈ Z(R), for all r 1,…, r n ∈ R, then either f(x 1,…, x n ) is central valued on R or {d, δ} are linearly dependent over C, the extended centroid of R, except when char(R) = 2 and dim C RC = 4.
Scientific Computing and Differential Equations: An Introduction to Numerical Methods

The World of Scientific Computing. Letting It Fly. Initial Value Problems. Pinning It Down: Boundary Value Problems. More on Linear Systems of Equations. Life Is Really Nonlinear. Is There More Than Finite Differences? N Important Numbers. Space and Time. The Curse of Dimensionality. Appendixes: Analysis of Differential Equations. Linear Algebra. Bibliography. Index.
Prognostic significance of poison-related factors and consumption patterns in acute aluminum phosphide poisoning

OBJECTIVES: The prognosis of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning is usually based on toxidrome features, with little focus on poison-related factors. We aimed to study the prognostic significance of poison-related factors, consumption patterns, and time delays to treatment. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study in an academic hospital in North India in patients aged ≥ 13 with aluminum phosphide poisoning from July 2019 to December 2020. During data collection, a particular emphasis was made on the poison formulation, the ingested dose, the reconstitution of poison, vomiting, and time intervals to initiate various treatments. The primary outcome was inhospital mortality. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients were enrolled (median age, 32 years; 37 males). The mean dose of the ingested poison was 6.56 (±5.42) g. The predominant formulation of poison was pellet (n = 41), followed by powder (n = 16). Twenty patients performed reconstitution of poison before consumption, and 13 stirred the poison while reconstituting. All patients but three developed vomiting after consumption. Inhospital mortality (n = 23, 39%) was significantly high with a higher ingested dose (P < 0.001), nonstirred reconstitution before consumption (P = 0.042), fewer vomiting episodes (P = 0.010), a delay in detection of the victim by someone (P = 0.001), and delayed initiation of intravenous fluids (P = 0.043). The secondary outcomes (shock and requirement of vasopressor or ventilation) remained unaffected by the stirring in the reconstitution group. CONCLUSIONS: Poison-related factors and time intervals determine early risk stratification at admission in aluminum phosphide poisoning.
Winter 2009/2010 temperatures and a record‐breaking North Atlantic Oscillation index

The 2009/2010 winter was notable for a number of reasons. While the global average temperature was close to a record high according to the analysis of Hansen et al. (2006; Figure 1(a)) and was the fifth highest (Figure 1(b)) in the 160-year record of Brohan et al. (2006), the UK had extensive snow cover and lower-than-average temperatures (National Climate Information Centre, 2010). The Central England Temperature (CET; Parker et al., 1992) for winter 2009/2010 was 2.43 °C, an anomaly of –1.65 degC compared with the 1961–1990 mean. Although there have been 56 colder winters in the CET record since 1659, none occurred during the last three decades and 2009/2010 was the coldest since 1978/1979.
Variability in the Clinical Course of COVID-19 in a Retrospective Analysis of a Large Real-World Database

The COVID-19 pandemic proceeds in waves, with variable characteristics of the clinical picture resulting from the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study aimed to compare the epidemiological characteristics, symptomatology, and outcomes of the disease in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during periods of different variants dominance. Comparing the periods of dominance of variants preceding the Delta variant, the Delta period was characterized by a higher share of hospitalized females, less frequent comorbidities among patients, and a different age distribution. The lowest need for oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation was observed under Omicron dominance. The triad of classic COVID-19 symptoms, cough, fever, dyspnoea, and fatigue, were most prevalent during the Delta period, and significantly less common under the Omicron dominance. During the Omicron period, nearly twice as many patients as in the previous periods could be discharged from the hospital within 7 days; the overall 28-day mortality was significantly lower compared to that of the Delta period. It also did not differ between periods that were dominated by the BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants. The study indicates that the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant that dominated between January and June 2022 caused a disease which resembled the common cold, and was caused by seasonal alpha and beta-coronaviruses with a low pathogenicity for humans. However, one should note that this effect may not only have been related to biological features of the Omicron lineage, but may additionally have been driven by the increased levels of immunization through natural infections and vaccinations, for which we could not account for due to a lack of sufficient data.
A new prediction algorithm for the generation of International Atomic Time

In this paper we present a new prediction algorithm for the generation of International Atomic Time (TAI). The new prediction algorithm takes into account the frequency drift which affects most of the participating atomic clocks. In particular, we focus on the effect of the application of the new model on the prediction term for the frequency drift affecting the free atomic time scale (EAL). We also present its effect on TAI performance and on atomic clock weights.
Normalization and calibration of geostationary satellite radiances for the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project

Abstract Procedures are described for normalizing the radiometric calibration of image radiances obtained from the suite of geostationary weather satellites that contributed data to the international Satellite Cloud Climatology Project. The key step is comparison of coincident and collocated measurements made by each satellite and the concurrent Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the “afternoon” NOAA polar-orbiting weather satellite at the same viewing geometry. The results of this comparison allow transfer of the AVHRR absolute calibration, which has been established over the whole series, to the radiometers on the geostationary satellites. Results are given for Meteosat-2, Metcosat-3, and Meteosat-4, for GOES-5, GOES-6, and GOES-7, for GMS-2, GMS-3, and GMS-4 and for Insat-IB, The relative stability of the calibrations of these radiance data is estimated to be within ±3%, the uncertainty of the absolute calibrations is estimated to be less than 10%. The remaining uncertainties are at le.
Comparison of Tropospheric Temperatures Derived from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis, NCEP Operational Analysis, and the Microwave Sounding Unit

Abstract The Climate Prediction Center has used atmospheric temperatures for data analysis from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) model since 1979. Unfortunately, model changes have adversely affected the stability of the climatologic fields, introducing time-varying biases in the anomaly patterns of the Climate Diagnostic Data Base (CDDB). Fortunately, NCEP has addressed this issue by rerunning a state-of-the-art model using fixed assimilation, parameterization, and physics in order to derive a true climatology and anomalies. The authors compare the previous CDDB temperatures with those derived from the stable reanalysis. Results show major improvements for climate diagnostics and monitoring. Also compared are the reanalysis temperatures with brightness temperature Tb observed by the Microwave Sounding Units (MSU), flown aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) series of polar-orbiting satellites (TIROS-N to NOAA-14). This MSU dataset has a precision of abo.
K-cohomology of Severi-Brauer Varieties and the norm residue homomorphism

The basic purpose of this paper is to prove bijectivity of the norm residue homomorphism for any field of characteristic prime to . In particular, if , then any central simple algebra of exponent is similar to a tensor product of cyclic algebras. In the course of the proof we obtain partial degeneracy of the Gersten spectral sequence, and we compute some -cohomology groups of Severi-Brauer groups corresponding to cyclic algebras of prime degree. The fundamental theorem also gives us several corollaries. Bibliography: 27 titles.
Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) of Denitrification‐Driven Microbial Activity in Column Experiments Packed With Calcareous Aquifer Sediments

Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) has been suggested as a non‐invasive monitoring proxy for microbial processes. Under natural conditions, however, multiple and often coupled polarization processes co‐occur, impeding the interpretation of SIP signals. In this study, we analyze the sensitivity of SIP to microbially‐driven reactions under quasi‐natural conditions. We conducted flow‐through experiments in columns equipped with SIP electrodes and filled with natural calcareous, organic‐carbon‐rich aquifer sediment, in which heterotrophic denitrification was bio‐stimulated. Our results show that, even in the presence of parallel polarization processes in a natural sediment under field‐relevant geochemical conditions, SIP is sufficiently sensitive to microbially‐driven changes in electrical charge storage. Denitrification yielded an increase in imaginary conductivity of up to 3.1 μScm−1 ${\upmu }\mathrm{S}\,{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ (+140%) and the formation of a distinct peak between 1 and 10 Hz, that matched the timing of expected microbial activity predicted by a reactive transport model fitted to solute concentrations. A Cole‐Cole decomposition allowed separating the polarization contribution of microbial activity from that of cation exchange, thereby helping to locate microbial hotspots without the need for (bio)geochemical data to constrain the Cole‐Cole parameters. Our approach opens new avenues for the application of SIP as a rapid method to monitor a system's reactivity in situ. While in preceding studies the SIP signals of microbial activity in natural sediments were influenced by mineral precipitation/dissolution reactions, the imaginary conductivity changes measured in the biostimulation experiments presented here were dominated by changes in the polarization of the bacterial cells rather than a reaction‐induced alteration of the abiotic matrix.
Exploring the Pivotal Components Influencing the Side Effects Induced by an Analgesic-Antitumor Peptide from Scorpion Venom on Human Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels 1.4 and 1.5 through Computational Simulation

Abstract Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs, or Nav) are important determinants of action potential generation and propagation. Efforts are underway to develop medicines targeting different channel subtypes for the treatment of related channelopathies. However, a high degree of conservation across its nine subtypes could lead to the off-target adverse effects on skeletal and cardiac muscles due to acting on primary skeletal muscle sodium channel Nav1.4 and cardiac muscle sodium channel Nav1.5, respectively. For a long evolutionary process, some peptide toxins from venoms have been found to be highly potent yet selective on ion channel subtypes and, therefore, hold the promising potential to be developed into therapeutic agents. In this research, all-atom molecular dynamic methods were used to elucidate the selective mechanisms of an analgesic-antitumor β-scorpion toxin (AGAP) with human Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 in order to unravel the primary reason for the production of its adverse reactions on the skeletal and cardiac muscles. Our results suggest that the rational distribution of residues with ring structures near position 38 and positive residues in the C-terminal on AGAP are critical factors to ensure its analgesic efficacy. Moreover, the substitution for residues with benzene is beneficial to reduce its side effects.
LENGTH BIASED BETA-PARETO DISTRIBUTION AND ITS STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES WITH APPLICATION

The concept of length biased distribution can be employed in development of proper models for lifetime data. Its method is adjusting the original probability density function from real data and the expectation of those data. This adjustment can bring about to correct conclusions of models. Therefore, we introduced the Length Biased Beta-Pareto (LBBP) distribution, so-called a new generalized of Pareto distribution in this article. The distribution is more flexible and has some interesting properties such as hazard rate, Renyi and Shannon entropies and other types of distribution. There are several sub-models include in the length biased Pareto, arcsine, log-beta, exponential and beta-Pareto distributions. We apply maximum likelihood estimation to estimate parameters of the distribution. We illustrate the superiority of the LBBP distribution to Norwegian fire claims data. The LBBP distribution seems to be the most appropriate model for this data set, since it provides a significantly better fit than the length biased Pareto and the beta-Pareto distributions. We hope that the LBBP distribution is an alternative distribution can be used in lifetime data analysis and other fields.
Adsorption Kinetics of a Cationic Surfactant Bearing a Two-Charged Head at the Air-Water Interface

We studied the dynamics of adsorption at the air-water interface of a cationic surfactant bearing two charges, Gemini 12-2-12, at concentrations below and above the critical micelle concentration (cmc). We used maximum bubble pressure and Wilhelmy plate techniques in order to access all time scales in the adsorption process. We found that the adsorption dynamics are controlled by diffusion at the initial stage of the adsorption process (milliseconds) and it is kinetically controlled by an electrostatic barrier (minute) approaching the equilibrium surfactant surface concentration. Between these two extremes, we found several relaxation phenomena, all following exponential decays with characteristic times spanning from one to hundreds of seconds. By means of time-resolved surface potential measurements, we show that these processes involve charge redistribution within the interfacial region. The surface tension data are analyzed and interpreted in the framework of the free energy approach.