Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solar and Net Radiation-Based Equations to Estimate Reference Evapotranspiration in Humid Climates

Two equations for estimating grass reference evapotranspiration (ET0) were derived using the Food and Agriculture Orga- nization Penman-Monteith ~FAO56-PM! method as an index. The first equation, solar radiation (Rs) based, estimates ET0 from incoming Rs and maximum and minimum air temperature, and the second equation, net radiation (Rn) based, uses Rn and maximum and minimum air temperature. The equations were derived using 15 years ~1980-1994! of daily ET0 values estimated from the FAO56-PM method using the measured and carefully screened weather data from near Gainesville, Florida. The performance of the derived equations was evaluated for 6 validation years ~1995-2000! , including dry and wet years, for the same site and for other humid locations in the Southeast United States. Comparisons of the performance of the derived equations with the other commonly used methods indicated that they estimate ET0 as good or better than those other ET0 methods. The Rs- and Rn-based equations resulted in the lowest 6 year average standard error of estimate ~SEE! of daily ET0 ~0.44 and 0.41 mm day 21 , respectively! Both equations performed quite well for estimating peak month ET0 and had the lowest 6 year average daily SEE for the peak month ET0 ~0.24 mm day 21 for both equations! Estimates for annual total ET0 were very close to those obtained from the FAO56-PM method. The 6 year average ratio of ET0 method to ET0 FAO56-PM were 1.05 and 1.03 for the Rs- and Rn-based equations, respectively. The derived equations were further evaluated in other humid locations in the Southeast United States, including two locations in coastal regions in Florida, one location in Georgia, and another location in Alabama. The comparisons showed that both equations are likely to provide good estimates of ET0 in humid locations of the Southeast United States. When the required input variables are considered, the Priestley-Taylor ~PT! method was the closest method to the second derived equation (Rn based! Therefore, it was necessary to evaluate how the PT method would perform compared to the Rn-based equation relative to the FAO56-PM method after it is calibrated locally. Although the performance of the PT method improved slightly after the calibration, its performances for estimating daily and peak month ET0 remained poorer than the Rn-based equation in all cases. Consid- ering the limitations associated with the availability and reliability of the climatological data, especially in developing countries, the derived equations presented in this study are suggested as practical methods for estimating ET 0 if the standard FAO56-PM equation cannot be used because of the above-mentioned limitations. These equations are recommended over the other commonly used simplified temperature and radiation-based methods evaluated in this study for humid climates in the Southeast United States.
Driver drowsiness detection based on multisource information

Driver drowsiness is one of the major causes of on‐road accidents. Abnormal eye behavior, steering wheel activity, and vehicle trajectory during different drowsiness stages were studied in detail to overcome the limitations of single‐sensor approaches. Some measures, such as percentage of eyelid closure, maximum close duration, and percentage of nonsteering were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods. Moreover, a two‐stage data fusion framework was developed for the modeling combination of information from different sources. Fisher's linear discriminant was implied as the feature‐level fusion method, and Dempster‐Shafer evidence theory was introduced in the decision‐level fusion process. The results suggest that the recognition system proposed here provided 90.7% accuracy. The reliability and accuracy of the fusion method were significantly higher than those of single sensors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High dose methotrexate in adult Egyptian patients with hematological malignancies: impact of ABCB1 3435C > T rs1045642 and MTHFR 677C > T rs1801133 polymorphisms on toxicities and delayed elimination

ABSTRACT High dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is an essential agent in chemotherapeutic regimens used in various hematological malignancies in Egyptian adults. The research for the impact of gene polymorphism on HDMTX induced toxicities and delayed elimination is an important ongoing objective in many studies, variable and conflicting results produced in the past years to clarify that impact. This study aimed to investigate the role of ABCB1 3435 C > T rs1045642 and MTHFR 677 C > T rs1801133 polymorphisms on HDMTX induced toxicity outcomes and delayed elimination in Egyptian adult patients with hematological malignancies. A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted on a total of 62 Egyptian adult patients with hematological malignancies age ≥ 18-years-old. All demographic, medical, and laboratory data were continuously collected from the patients’ medical files in an up-to-date follow-up in selected clinics during the period from April 2018 to March 2020. Venous blood samples were collected for the purpose of genotyping, DNA extraction, and measurement of MTX levels. All the relevant data were statistically analyzed. The studied patients' median age was 25 years old with a range of (18–62) years. Forty-six patients were males with about 74%, and 16 were females with about 26%. Eighty-nine percent of the patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia ‘ALL’, 5% of the patients had B cell non-hodgkin lymphoma ‘B-NHL’ and 3% diagnosed with primary central nervous system lymphoma ‘PCNSL’ and Burkitt’s lymphoma ‘BL’ Hematological, hepatic, renal and gastrointestinal toxicities observed post-HDMTX were recorded with the hematological toxicities toping on all the others, also patients with delayed elimination at 72 hours post the HDMTX dose were determined. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between ABCB1 3435 C > T rs1045642 and HDMTX delayed elimination with about 10 times higher risk among the minor allele ‘T’ carriers (p-value = 0.006) (odds ratio [OR]: 10.470; 95% CI: 1.961–55.904). No significant association observed between the studied gene polymorphisms: MTHFR 677 C > T rs1801133, ABCB1 3435 C > T rs1045642, and different toxicity outcomes. According to our best knowledge, this study is the first to conclude a significant association between ABCB1 3435 C > T rs1045642 gene polymorphism and HDMTX delayed elimination at 72 hours post HDMTX infusion; also, it is the first study to analyze the association between ABCB1 3435 C > T rs1045642 polymorphism with HDMTX toxicity and delayed elimination in adult Egyptian patients with hematological malignancies.
A Computer Optimization of the Rayleigh-Ritz Method

A method has been developed to improve the use of the RayIeigh-Ritz procedure. A criterion is established, which is a measure of the cumulative improvement due to the addition of more and more terms in the series expansion. Without calculating the exact roots of determinantal equations, the convergence is accelerated by skipping unnecessary intermediate steps. The computation time is drastically reduced because the final result is obtained after only a few (not more than 5 to 7) values of determinants of increasing order. Inhomogeneneously loaded waveguides are chosen as an application because the exact solution is available to check the validity of the method. The results obtained with the method described in this paper are compared with other approximate procedures. The comparison shows a definite advantage for the suggested technique.
IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE CAREGIVERS’ VIOLENT BEHAVIORS TOWARD THEIR CHILDREN

Background: The surge of domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic is reported as a global phenomenon. Until the present time, no published literature described the situation in the middle east. Aims: The current study aims to examine how the frequency of verbal maltreatment and physical maltreatment may have changed from during the lockdown to postlockdown in a sample of Egyptians living in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: The present study was carried out on 511 Egyptian families residing in Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted over 2 phases with more than one month in between the 2 phases. The first phase during the period 10 April9 May, while the second phase was carried out during the period 21 June – 20 July when the respondents were requested for a second followup survey. The selection of those dates was based on the lockdown status in Saudi Arabia. During the first phase, the lockdown was almost complete or for more than 16 hours in the day. During the second phase, the lockdown was resolved entirely. Results: The current study revealed that the verbal and physical maltreatment forms were significantly more frequent during the lockdown periods (p<0.001). The child and the parents' age showed a significant negative correlation with the total physical maltreatment score (r=-0.008, -0.035), respectively. On the other hand, verbal maltreatment was correlated with older children (r= 0.085) and older parents (r=0.117). Conclusion: To conclude, verbal and physical maltreatment are aggravated by the lockdown and quarantine measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The forms of verbal and physical maltreatment didn't differ from those previously reported in the literature. The younger boys of younger parents are more vulnerable to physical maltreatment. It is recommended to pay more attention to preventing child maltreatment, protecting the maltreated child by establishing supporting centers to track and follow such cases.
Endoscopic full-thickness resection of benign and malignant colon lesions with one-year follow up in a Danish cohort

Abstract Background Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) has been shown to be a feasible and safe technique in several studies since the introduction of the full-thickness resection device (FTRD®). This study aimed to describe our clinical experience and long-term follow up in in patients who underwent EFTR of benign and malignant colon lesions using FTRD. Methods All patients with difficult adenomas or early adenocarcinomas referred for an EFTR to two centres in Denmark were included in this prospective consecutive study. The primary outcome was technical success with R0 resection and relapse-free follow up. The secondary outcome was procedure-related adverse events. Results Twenty-six patients were enrolled in the study. Technical success was achieved in 81% patients and R0 resection rate was 86%. Full-thickness resection was achieved in 86% patients. In 13 patients with malignant lesions, we obtained follow-up in 10 cases (two patients underwent surgery and one was non-compliant). Findings of the three-month follow up showed no residual tumour in all 10 cases. At the 12-month follow up, one patient had a late relapse. There were no residual or recurrent adenomas in the benign subgroup. Overall, adverse events were observed in 11.5% (3/26) patients with a perforation rate of 7.7%. Conclusion EFTR with FTRD proves to be an additional technique for the treatment of difficult non-lifting colorectal lesions. For malignant lesions, EFTR is technically safe and feasible and can potentially treat small early low-risk tumours; however, some cases may require subsequent surgery according to the histological staging observed in the resected specimen.
Comparison of Two Quantitative Methods of Determining Rater Bias

Two methods of detecting and quantifying rater bias, i.e., bias introduced by persons assessing projects, have recently been independently proposed. In this paper, the data used to demonstrate and introduce each method are analysed using the other method so that a meaningful comparison between the two methods may be made. It is found that the two methods are not exactly equivalent although the results from both are broadly similar.
SAR generated by commercial cellular phones-phone modeling, head modeling, and measurements

This paper presents the computation of the specific absorption rate (SAR) generated by cellular phones inside an anatomical model of a head. Four models of commercially available phones have been considered working at 900- and 1800-MHz bands (global system for mobile communication system). The phones have been modeled by using a computer-aided design representation obtained through the reverse engineering technique. Both SAR distributions and SAR averaged values have been computed inside the anatomical model of a head, by using the finite-difference time-domain method. Computations have been experimentally validated through measurements performed inside anthropomorphic phantoms irradiated by a dipole and cellular phones.
Spatial Spillover Effects of Agricultural Transport Costs in Peru

The role of agricultural transport costs in core-periphery structures has habitually been ignored in New Economic Geography (NEG) models. This is due to the convention of treating the agricultural good as the numéraire, thus implying that agricultural transportation costs are assumed to be zero in these models. For more than three decades, this has been the standard setting in spatial equilibrium analysis. The paper examines the effects of agricultural transport costs on the spatial organisation of regional structures in Peru. In doing so, the Krugman’s formulation of iceberg transport costs is modified to introduce the agricultural transport costs into the dynamic of the NEG models. We use exploratory spatial flow data analysis methods and non-spatial and spatial origin-destination flow models to explore how the regional spatial structure change when real transportation data for agricultural goods is included into the iceberg transport costs formulation. We show that agricultural transport costs generate flows that are systematically associated with flows to or from nearby regions generating thus the emergence of spatial spillovers across Peruvian regions. The results of the paper support the contention that NEG models have overshadowed the role of agricultural transport costs in determining the spatial configuration of economic activities.
Influence of Silica Exposure for Lung Silicosis Rat

Objective To investigate the influence of silica exposure on the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in lung silicosis rat. Methods Wistar rats were divided into an experimental group and a control group. In the experimental group, rats were exposed to silica by intratracheal instillation. In the control group, rats were exposed to physiological saline by intratracheal instillation. After 45 days, we compared the level of fibrosis and CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF in the lungs by immunohistochemistry or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction between the two groups. Results The results showed that the expression levels of CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF mRNA were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The positive staining of CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF mRNA was found in the cytoplasm, especially in the silicotic nodules of the hyalinisation section and cell endochylema of the alveolar macrophages, type II pneumonocytes, and lung tracheal epithelium. There were significantly positive correlations between CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF expressions (P < 0.05). A protein–protein interaction analysis showed interactions between TGF-β1, CTGF, and PDGF. Conclusions TGF-β/CTGF signaling pathway plays an important role in silicosis. Silicon dioxide exposure can induce the expression of CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF.
Pre-school teaching for creative processes in education for sustainable development – invisible animal traces, purple hands, and an elk container

Abstract Living in the anthropocene requires addressing several challenges. New forms of teaching where experiences of problem solving, creativity and innovation strategies are needed and considered important. This Swedish study contributes with knowledge on pre-school children’s creativity processes when working on an authentic, child-initiated sustainability problem about consumption. Teachers’ careful listening was important when forming the teaching context for the sustainability problem. A pragmatic perspective on learning and meaning-making is used to identify the significant features of the different phases in the creativity processes. The empirical results show: the importance of affording a creative context with uncoded material for children to transact with; previous experiences have a prominent role when imagining and reaching beyond the ordinary; the importance of teachers’ positive aesthetic judgments for sustaining the creative process. In alignment with the idea of learning as participation, the children broadened the consumption topic to contribute with creative outcomes for animals’ welfare.
CrowdAssist: A multidimensional decision support system for crowd workers

Lately, crowdsourcing has emerged as a viable option for getting work done by leveraging the collective intelligence of the crowd. With many tasks posted every day, the size of crowdsourcing platforms is growing exponentially. Hence, workers face an important challenge in selecting the right task. Despite the task filtering criteria available on the platform to select the right task, crowd workers find it difficult to choose the most relevant task and must glean through the filtered tasks to find the relevant tasks. In this paper, we propose a framework for recommending tasks to workers. The proposed framework evaluates the worker's fitment over the tasks based on the worker's preference, past tasks he/she has performed, and tasks done by similar workers. We also proposed an approach to estimate the right price for a crowdsourced task for a specific worker. We evaluated our approach on the datasets collected from popular crowdsourcing platforms. Our experimental results show that the recommendation made by our framework for task and price is significantly better as compared with the baseline approach.
Anterograde interference emerges along a gradient as a function of task similarity: A behavioural study

Anterograde interference emerges when two opposite (B → A) or identical tasks (A → A) are learned in close temporal succession, suggesting that interference cannot be fully accounted for by competing memories. Informed by neurobiological evidence, this work tested the hypothesis that interference depends upon the degree of overlap between the neural networks involved in the learning of two tasks. In a fully within‐subject and counterbalanced design, participants (n = 24) took part in two learning sessions where the putative overlap between learning‐specific neural networks was behaviourally manipulated across four conditions by modifying reach direction and the effector used during gradual visuomotor adaptation. The results showed that anterograde interference emerged regardless of memory competition—that is, to a similar extent in the B → A and A → A conditions—and along a gradient as a function of the tasks' similarity. Specifically, learning under similar reaching conditions generated more anterograde interference than learning under dissimilar reaching conditions, suggesting that putatively overlapping neural networks are required to generate interference. Overall, these results indicate that competing memories are not the sole contributor to anterograde interference and suggest that overlapping neural networks between two learning sessions are required to trigger interference. One discussed possibility is that initial learning modifies the properties of its neural networks to constrain further plasticity induction and learning capabilities, therefore causing anterograde interference in a network‐dependent manner. One implication is that learning‐specific neural networks must be maximally dissociated to minimize the interfering influences of previous learning on subsequent learning.
Allosteric Modulator KM822 Attenuates Behavioral Actions of Amphetamine in Caenorhabditis elegans through Interactions with the Dopamine Transporter DAT-1

Aberrant dopamine (DA) signaling is associated with several psychiatric disorders, such as autism, bipolar disorder, addiction, and Parkinson’s disease, and several medications that target the DA transporter (DAT) can induce or treat these disorders. In addition, psychostimulants, such as cocaine and D-amphetamine (AMPH), rely on the competitive interactions with the transporter’s substrate binding site to produce their rewarding effects. Agents that exhibit noncompetitive, allosteric modulation of DAT remain an important topic of investigation due to their potential therapeutic applications. We previously identified a novel allosteric modulator of human DAT, KM822, that can decrease the affinity of cocaine for DAT and attenuate cocaine-elicited behaviors; however, whether DAT is the sole mediator of KM822 actions in vivo is unproven given the large number of potential off-target sites. Here, we provide in silico and in vitro evidence that the allosteric site engaged by KM822 is conserved between human DAT and Caenorhabditis elegans DAT-1. KM822 binds to a similar pocket in DAT-1 as previously identified in human DAT. In functional dopamine uptake assays, KM822 affects the interaction between AMPH and DAT-1 by reducing the affinity of AMPH for DAT-1. Finally, through a combination of genetic and pharmacological in vivo approaches we provide evidence that KM822 diminishes the behavioral actions of AMPH on swimming-induced paralysis through a direct allosteric modulation of DAT-1. More broadly, our findings demonstrate allosteric modulation of DAT as a behavior modifying strategy and suggests that Caenorhabditis elegans can be operationalized to identify and investigate the interactions of DAT allosteric modulators. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We previously demonstrated that the dopamine transporter (DAT) allosteric modulator KM822 decreases cocaine affinity for human DAT. Here, using in silico and in vivo genetic approaches, we extend this finding to interactions with amphetamine, demonstrating evolutionary conservation of the DAT allosteric site. In Caenorhabditis elegans, we report that KM822 suppresses amphetamine behavioral effects via specific interactions with DAT-1. Our findings reveal Caenorhabditis elegans as a new tool to study allosteric modulation of DAT and its behavioral consequences.
Lateral unbalanced super junction (USJ)/3D-RESURF for high breakdown voltage on SOI

This paper examines for the first time the possibility of the Super Junction (SJ) concept to realise lateral device structures on SOI with high breakdown voltage and low on-resistance for use in power integrated circuits (PICs). More specifically, a novel structure based on an unbalanced SJ (USJ) configuration is proposed and investigated using the 3D-device simulator, DAVINCI. The physics of the SJ related structure is described in detail and is shown to rely on a truly three dimensional RESURF effect to achieve high voltage blocking capability-hence the acronym 3D-RESURF. It is also shown that a suitable choice of n and p stripe geometry, enables breakdown voltage in excess of 600 volts to be realised on SOI technology with 4 /spl mu/m of buried oxide (BOX). Methods for optimising the breakdown capability of the proposed structure are also presented.