Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Perfumes Used to Create Fragrances that Give a Sense of Hospitality

Japan has a hospitality culture called “Omotenashi”. In Japan’s classical literature, there are many songs and stories about fragrances. In addition to burning incense in Buddhism rituals, Japanese created a unique world called “Kodo”. This indicates that the Japanese have a deep history with scents. Regarding the scent of hospitality, it is necessary to consider the preference of the scent when greeting people. In a previous study, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 60 Japanese males and females using 5 different fragrances and 5 different note types and examined the results. In this experiment, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 58 Japanese males and females based on the SD method using 6 different perfumes and 2 different note types. We examined the results in this and the previous study in order to understand preferences for fragrances that conjure a sense of hospitality. We conducted factor analysis and extracted factors representing the feeling of “Omotenashi” from the perfumes. We analyzed the scent of each perfume based on these factors. Moreover, it was suggested that the impressions made by of perfume is different from the note types representing attributes of perfume. From the results of this experiment, as a result of examining the scent factors that bring about a feeling of hospitality, perfumes with a fresh, pleasant and graceful sensation were suggested to be the most effective in bringing about this feeling. In this paper, we reported on our research of fragrances that evoke in “Omotenashi”, or Japanese hospitality. In the future, we will continue to research the sensibilities that perfumes give to people and also propose a unique “perfume method (Kosuido)” for the purpose of researching the design of perfume.
Comparative Agonistic and Feeding Behavior of Hatchery-Reared and Wild Salmon in Aquaria

When hatchery-reared and wild landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr of the same age and size were permitted to compete for social dominance and for food in aquaria, twice as many hatchery salmon attained dominance as wild salmon. Dominant hatchery salmon also showed a higher intensity of aggressiveness than dominant wild salmon, displaying a higher and more variable mean nipping rate. Socially dominant salmon ate more food per fish than subordinates, but there were no statistically significant differences in feeding rate between dominant hatchery and dominant wild salmon, or between subordinate hatchery and subordinate wild salmon.Hatchery salmon displayed lower feeding rates than wild salmon when they were held in separate compartments of an aquarium and compared at three temperatures. This difference in feeding rate probably was not a reflection of differences in adaptation to temperature or food preference, but, rather, was the result of interference with feeding caused by the more intense soci.
Evaluation of the Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Cytokine Levels and Clinical Course in Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.

OBJECTIVE Opioid use disorder (OpUD) is a biological and psychosocial disorder with limited treatment options. Addition of physical exercise to the pharmacological treatment has been proposed to be effective on reducing substance use and improving the quality of life. In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on the serum levels of cortisol, insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-1), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 17 (IL-17) and the clinical progress of inpatients with OpUD. METHOD Our study enrolled 22 male inpatients diagnosed with OpUD on the basis of the DSM-5 criteria. Two groups of 11 individuals were formed as the exercise (EG) and the control (CG) groups. The EG conducted 5 sessions of a HIIT. Participant data were collected with Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Addiction Profile Index (API), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Also, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the Substance Craving Scale (SCS) were used before and after the treatment program in order to evaluate the clinical progress. Blood samples were collected on the 5th and the 21st days for estimation of the serum cortisol, IGF-1, IFN-γ and the IL-17 levels. RESULTS Comparison of the pre- and the post- treatment performances of the two groups on the HAM-D, the HAM-A and the SCS indicated a significant drop in the respective scores of the EG. Also, a significant increase was observed in the post-treatment IGF-1 level of the EG as compared to the CG. No differences were observed between the cortisol, IFN-γ and IL-17 levels of the EG and the CG. CONCLUSION HIIT resulted in significant reduction in the symptoms of depression, anxiety and substance craving, and increased the serum IGF-1 levels. HIIT did not change serum cortisol, IFN-γ and IL-17 levels. We believe this research will contribute to the literature on the treatment of opioid depencence by emphasising the effects of HIIT on patients treated for OpUD.
Disease, Endocrine‐‐Immune Interactions, and Sexual Selection

Parasites and disease have been increasingly recognized as agents of eco- logical and evolutionary importance. Because the endocrine and immune systems are re- lated, it is also likely that hormonally controlled traits, such as secondary sexual characters, may be influenced by responses to disease. Testosterone appears to be associated with a suppressed immune system in many vertebrates, and evidence from captive Red Jungle Fowl suggests that the sexes differ in blood parameters involved in immunity and that comb length is negatively correlated with lymphocyte number in males. Immune system parameters may provide a useful gauge of condition in captive and field-caught animals.
Autumnal patterns of nocturnal passerine migration in the St. Lawrence estuary region, Quebec, Canada: a weather radar study

We documented the pattern of nocturnal passerine migration on each side of the St. Lawrence estuary (Cote- Nord north and Gaspesie south), using the Doppler Canadian weather surveillance radar of Val d'Irene (XAM). We exam- ined whether autumnal migrants flew across the St. Lawrence, resulting in a uniform broad-front migration, or avoided crossing it, resulting in a bird concentration along the north coast. We found that a proportion of migrants crossed the estu- ary but that most followed the north coast. Ranges at which birds were detected were, on average, greater on Cote-Nord, thereby rejecting the uniform broad-front migration hypothesis, inasmuch as reflectivity measurements suggested that bird concentrated along Cote-Nord. The mean flight direction on Cote-Nord was southwest but shifted westward as the night progressed, avoiding crossing the estuary by late night. In Gaspesie, the mean flight direction over land was south and no directional shift was observed throughout the night. Flight altitude reach up to 1000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), but migra- tory activity was highest in the first 500 m a.s. l. It appears that the St. Lawrence estuary acts as a leading line and a bar- rier for nocturnal passerine migrants, and likely shapes migration farther south in Canada and in the United States. Resume´ : Nous avons decrit le patron de migration nocturne des passereaux de chaque cotede l'estuaire maritime du Saint-Laurent (Cote-Nord sur la rive nord et Gaspesie sur la rive sud), al'aide du radar Doppler canadien de surveillance meteorologique de Val d'Irene (XAM). Nous avons examinesi la migration automnale se faisait de maniere uniforme au- dessus du Saint-Laurent, ou si les oiseaux evitaient de le traverser, creant ainsi une concentration d'oiseaux sur la rive- nord. Nous avons trouvequ'une partie des migrateurs traverse l'estuaire, mais que la plupart suivent la rive nord. Ainsi, les portees radar auxquelles les oiseaux ont etedetectesetaient en moyenne plus grandes sur la Cote-Nord, rejetant l'hypo- these de migration uniforme, et les mesures de reflectivitetendaient aindiquer que les densites d'oiseaux y etaient plus elevees. La direction moyenne de vol des oiseaux sur la Cote-Nord etait vers le sud-ouest, mais changeait vers l'ouest au cours de la nuit, suggerant que les oiseaux evitent de traverser l'estuaire amesure que la nuit progresse. En Gaspesie, la direction moyenne de vol etait vers le sud et il ne se produisait pas de changement de direction au cours de la nuit. Des al- titudes de vol atteignant 1000 m au-dessus du niveau de la mer (a.s.l.) etaient souvent enregistrees, mais l'activitemigra- toire maximale s'observait dans les premiers 500 m a.s. l. Il semble que le Saint-Laurent agisse comme ligne-guide et comme barriere pour les passereaux qui migrent la nuit ce qui potentiellement pourrait structurer la migration plus au sud, au Canada et aux Etats-Unis.
Ultrastructure of Terminalia Wood from an Ancient Polynesian Canoe

A sample of Terminalia wood recovered from an ancient Polynesian canoe thought to be approximately 1000 years old, was examined by light and electron microscopy to determine the extent and pattern of degradation. A chemical analysis was also carried out. The secondary walls of fibres, vessels and parenchyma cells were extensively degraded but the compound middle lamella remained relatively intact. Vestures in intervascular pits were preserved, presumably by virtue of their high lignin concentration. Plasmodesmata were also preserved by infiltration with extractives thought to be tannins.
MECHANISMS OF RECOVERY AFTER FIRE BY RODENTS IN THE AUSTRALIAN ENVIRONMENT: A REVIEW

Possible impacts and mechanisms of response by Australian rodents to fire are identified and discussed in relation to the literature. Although there is considerable information on patterns of population response, there is little concerning the effect of fire on individual behaviour, mortality, or interactions at the community level. The evidence that links observed responses of rodents to habitat variables is largely correlative, and theories on mechanisms of recovery are often simplified or speculative. Experimental manipulations of resources, competitive interactions and predation rates are proposed as the best way to clarify which factors are most influential upon individuals, populations and communities in the post-fire environment.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 1997–98 and 1998–99 on sandy-loam soil of Hisar, Haryana. The experiment consisting of 6 organic manures in main plots and 5 fertilizer levels in subplots was laid out in split-plot design with 3 replications. Application of organic manures irrespective of source and rate increased the dry-matter accumulation, leaf-area index, effective tiller number, grains/ear, grain and straw yields, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and carotenoids) and photosynthesis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Frori & Paol.) significantly over no organic manure during both years. Maximum values of all the attributes were observed with vermicompost at 15 tonnes/ha which was significantly superior to the rest of the organic manure treatments. Increasing dose of nitrogen improved all the above-mentioned parameters of wheat. Maximum values were recorded with the recommended dose of 120 kg N + 60 kg P2O5 + 60 kg K2O/ha. However, nitrogen at 120 and 90 kg/ha + Azotobacter were statistically at par with recommended dose of NPK. Inoculation of wheat seeds with Azotobacter chroococcum strain HT-56 also improved growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthesis of wheat during both the years.
The Influence of Core Self-Evaluations on Group Decision Making Processes: A Laboratory Experiment

The personal trait called Core Self-Evaluations (CSE) has been receiving increasing attention from behavioral strategy scholars due to its ability to predict job performance and to explain some facets of decision-making processes. However, despite previous studies hypothesizing that managers with high values of CSE are intuitive thinkers, beyond any doubt of their capacities and that they significantly lead to positive results for their organization, no one has empirically investigated these assumptions. This gap can be substantiated by the following research question: “How do high Core Self-Evaluations influence team decision-making processes? ”. Answering it provides insights on how the evaluations that decision makers make about situations (and the consequent actions that are implemented) highly depend on decision makers’ inner traits and their effect on cognition. To fill this gap, 120 graduate students—divided into groups of four—took part in a simulation game and were asked to make decisions acting the role of General Manager of a small-sized manufacturing firm. Tests aimed at identifying the CSE and intuitive/reflecting thinking approach of participants were administered; moreover, the performance resulting from their decision-making processes and their estimation of reached results were collected. Results show that an average level of CSE is preferable to balance intuitive and reflective thinking, as well as avoiding overconfidence bias and reaching the best performance possible. This work suggests that there is a huge misattribution in considering a high level of CSE as being beneficial for decision-making processes and consequent performance.
Complexity Analysis of Surface Electromyography for Assessing the Myoelectric Manifestation of Muscle Fatigue: A Review

The surface electromyography (sEMG) records the electrical activity of muscle fibers during contraction: one of its uses is to assess changes taking place within muscles in the course of a fatiguing contraction to provide insights into our understanding of muscle fatigue in training protocols and rehabilitation medicine. Until recently, these myoelectric manifestations of muscle fatigue (MMF) have been assessed essentially by linear sEMG analyses. However, sEMG shows a complex behavior, due to many concurrent factors. Therefore, in the last years, complexity-based methods have been tentatively applied to the sEMG signal to better individuate the MMF onset during sustained contractions. In this review, after describing concisely the traditional linear methods employed to assess MMF we present the complexity methods used for sEMG analysis based on an extensive literature search. We show that some of these indices, like those derived from recurrence plots, from entropy or fractal analysis, can detect MMF efficiently. However, we also show that more work remains to be done to compare the complexity indices in terms of reliability and sensibility; to optimize the choice of embedding dimension, time delay and threshold distance in reconstructing the phase space; and to elucidate the relationship between complexity estimators and the physiologic phenomena underlying the onset of MMF in exercising muscles.
Joint Species Distribution Modelling: With Applications in R

Joint species distribution modelling (JSDM) is a fast-developing field and promises to revolutionise how data on ecological communities are analysed and interpreted. Written for both readers with a limited statistical background, and those with statistical expertise, this book provides a comprehensive account of JSDM. It enables readers to integrate data on species abundances, environmental covariates, species traits, phylogenetic relationships, and the spatio-temporal context in which the data have been acquired. Step-by-step coverage of the full technical detail of statistical methods is provided, as well as advice on interpreting results of statistical analyses in the broader context of modern community ecology theory. With the advantage of numerous example R-scripts, this is an ideal guide to help graduate students and researchers learn how to conduct and interpret statistical analyses in practice with the R-package Hmsc, providing a fast starting point for applying joint species distribution modelling to their own data.
Insecticide susceptibility of the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus Fallén (Homoptera: Delphacidae), collected from East Asia.

The insecticide susceptibility of the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus Fallen, collected from East Asia in 1992–1994, was examined by the topical application method. The LD50 values of organophosphorus insecticide for the northern Vietnam populations (HAI, HAN, VIN) and the JIN population (Yunnan Province, China) were smaller than those of the FU (Zhejiang Province, China), IB (central Japan) and KU (southwestern Japan) populations. The LD50 values of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides for the northern Vietnam populations were almost the same as that for the Fukuoka (western Japan) population examined in 1967. The LD50 values of organophosphorus insecticides did not differ among the FU (Zhejiang Province, China), IB (central Japan), and KU (southwestern Japan) populations. The LD50 values of carbamates for the KU population were the largest, and those for the northern Vietnam population were the smallest. The carbamate susceptibility of acetylcholinesterase in the KU population was lower than that in the HAI population. Therefore, we considered that insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase for carbamate was one of the carbamate resistant factors in the KU population. The LD50 values of etofenprox, fenvalerate, and imidacloprid showed no differences among all the populations tested, respectively.
Michelia Essential Oil Inhalation Increases Fast Alpha Wave Activity

Essential oils are volatile fragrance liquids extracted from plants, and their compound annual growth rate is expected to expand to 8.6% from 2019 to 2025, according to Grand View Research. Essential oils have several domains of application, such as in the food and beverage industry, in cosmetics, as well as for medicinal use. In this study, Michelia alba essential oil was extracted from leaves and was rich in linalool components as found in lavender and jasmine oil. The effects of inhaling michelia oil on human brainwaves still need to be elucidated. Ten male and ten female subjects were recruited. Thirty-two-channel electroencephalography was recorded. The raw data were spectrally analyzed for slow alpha, fast alpha, low beta, mid beta, and high beta activities. The results demonstrate that michelia leaf oil could reduce the alertness level observed by beta wave decrease and fast alpha wave activity increase. The inhalation of pure linalool showed virtually identical responses as the michelia oil inhalation. In conclusion, the sedative effects of michelia oil inhalation might originate from its major linalool component.
Effects of an Inshore Artificial Reef on the Trophic Dynamics of Three Species of Estuarine Fish

Estuarine habitats are important in the life history of many fish species, yet are being degraded at an alarming rate. Habitat loss is often mitigated by the addition of artificial reefs. Understanding how artificial habitat affects the trophic dynamics of associated fish communities is important to understanding their role in estuarine environments. This study compared the trophic dynamics of spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830), Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) , and bay anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes, 1848), at an inshore artificial reef and a nearby mud-bottom site. Trophic dynamics were assessed using a combination of gut content analysis and stable isotopes for spotted seatrout and Atlantic croaker, and stable isotopes alone for bay anchovy. No significant differences were found in the either the diets or mean values of (delta)13C, (delta)15 N, or (delta)34S of spotted seatrout between habitats. Differences were seen in both the centroid distance and total area of the (delta) 13 C- (delta)15N biplot for spotted seatrout indicating greater trophic niche breath at the artificial reef. Diets of Atlantic croaker differed significantly between habitats and specimens were more enriched in (delta)15N at the artificial reef; however, no differences in trophic niche breadth were observed. Bay anchovy were more depleted in both (delta)13C and (delta)34S over the artificial reef and differences in the trophic niche breadth were observed. Results suggest that habitat alterations can affect trophic dynamics of estuarine species in different ways. Therefore, foraging strategy should be considered when evaluating estuarine artificial reefs.
On the evolution of the skull and teeth in the erinaceidae, with special reference to fossil material in the British Museum

Summary. A comparative study is made of external features of the skull in the recent genera of Erinaceidae. An account of the dentition and occlusal relations is also given, including some characteristic features of the root-pattern, hitherto undescribed. A description is given of the Oligoccne and Miocene Erinaceid material in the British Museum (Natural History). This includes a well-preserved cranium of Neurogymnurus cayluxi which shows the structure of the tympanic cavity, the orbitotemporal region and the ethmoturbinals. Neurogymnurus minor Lydekker is transferred to the genus Galerix. A new genus (Mioechinus) is created for Erinaceus oeningensis Lydekker, and Erinaceus sansaniensis Lartet is provisionally placed in this genus. The name Amphechinus Aymard is substituted for Palaeoerinaceus Filhol on grounds of priority, and certain differences between specimens from the L. Oligocene, U. Oligocene and L. Miocene are noted. The inter-relationships of the genera of Erinaceidae are discussed, and the conclusions reached differ in some respects from those of Leche (1902). Echinosorex (Gynmura) is rather closely related to Hylomys, but specialized in various characters, though showing a more primitive arrangement of the anterior teeth. Galerix, which appears to resemble Hylomys in its skull, is probably not far from the ancestry of the recent Echinosoricinae. Lanthanotherium shares with the recent Echinosoricinae a characteristic type of M3. Tupaiodon, which possesses the most primitive upper molar pattern known in the family, is probably related to Galerix. Neurogymnurus is placed in a new subfamily, Neurogymnurinae, on account of the structure of the mastoid region of the skull. The North American genera Brachyerix and Metechinus are not closely related to the Erinaceinae, but should probably be placed in the Neurogymnurinae. The recent Erinaceinae are probably derived from Amphechinus, the enlarged incisors of that genus becoming secondarily reduced. Mioechinus is in a number of respects intermediate between Amphechinus and the recent Erinaceinae. Amphechinus approaches the Echinosoricinae in many cranial characters. The following tribal names are proposed: Galericini, Echinosoricini, Neurogymnurini, Brachyericini, Protericini, Erinaceini. The hypothetical Eocene Erinaceidae probably had skulls like Hylomys, and dentitions like Galerix except that the molar pattern resembled Tupaiodon. It is most likely that they were mainly Old World in distribution. The North American genera Entomolestes, Xenacodon and Nyctitherium are considered as possible early Erinaceidae, though probably not ancestral types. A new family, Metacodontidae, is created for Metacodon, Plesiosorex and Meterix, which are of very doubtful affinities. The arrangement of turbinal bones in Neurogymnurus is very similar to that of Erinaceus. A scheme of homologies between the ethmoturbinals of Insectivores and Marsupials is put forward, and a new nomenclature suggested.