Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caracterização histomorfológica e imuno-histoquímica de 172 neoplasias cutâneas de células redondas em cães

This paper describes the use of a panel of antibodies (CD117, CD3, CD79a, CD45, cytokeratin, vimentin and E-cadherin) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of canine cutaneous round cell tumours. Neoplastic tumours were diagnosed by histology and histochemical stains and included 107 mast cell tumours, 31 cutaneous histiocytomas, two localized histiocytic sarcomas, 21 cutaneous lymphomas, three plasma cell tumours, one transmissible venereal tumour and seven unclassified round cell tumours. The histologic diagnosis was modified in 39.5% of the total 172 neoplasms. The staining for CD45 and Ecadherin were variable, and therefore, the final diagnoses of cutaneous histiocytoma and localized histiocytic sarcoma were made based on histology in association with negative results for CD3, CD79a, CD117 and cytokeratin. The cellular origin of unclassified round cell tumours was defined in all cases. Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma and plasma cell tumours were CD79a-positive and could be distinguished from each other by the morphological characteristics. Mast cell tumours and T cell lymphoma were CD117 and CD3 positive, respectively. The positive staining for vimentin and the negative staining for CD3, CD79a, CD117 and cytokeratin favoured the diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumours. Thus, the final diagnosis of cutaneous round cell tumours should be based on the interpretation of immunohistochemical results together with the cellular morphology observed by histology. Therefore, more studies to optimize the specific markers in formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissues (especially for histiocytes) are required for definitive diagnosis of round cell tumours in dogs.
Maternal transfer of estradiol to egg yolks alters sexual differentiation of avian offspring

Three experiments were conducted to determine whether avian egg yolks contain the sex steroid 17β-estradiol and whether experimentally produced elevations in maternal estradiol alter yolk estradiol and influence sexual differentiation of the offspring. The yolks of eggs laid by Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were found to contain significant amounts of estradiol comparable to those in the maternal circulation. Treatment of laying females with estradiol benzoate (EB) resulted in elevated yolk estradiol and a permanent morphological alteration of female off-spring in the form of an increased incidence of right oviducts in adulthood. Such maternal transfer of a sex steroid to the egg yolk constitute a potentially significant source of maternal influence over embryonic development and adult phenotype in oviparous species. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Principles and Practice of Incubator Design

To be able to incubate with success, commercial incubators have to provide an optimal climate for the developing embryo. To understand what are the crucial factors in this optimal climate, we have to look into the process of embryo development. These factors have to be facilitated in the incubation process. In this respect, we can learn from natural incubation (see Deeming, 2002a). After all, the bird is the most experienced in how to incubate, and if they find certain parts of the process of particular importance, they probably have a good reason for that. From a biological point of view incubation, the process of turning an egg into a living healthy day old bird, is of a complexity far beyond imagination, and nothing less than a miracle. However, to be able to understand the concepts of incubator design, we can simplify the model of the process enormously.
Nanofibrils and other colloidal biopolymers binding trace elements in coastal seawater: Significance for variations in element size distributions

Colloidal size spectra of Fe, Cu, Ag, La, and Pb were determined by asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation coupled to high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, in samples from 0.5‐40‐m depth profiles from the Gullmarsfjord on the Swedish west coast, at nine occasions between February 2004 and July 2005. Trace elements were quantified in unfiltered and 0.45‐mm filtered samples, and total organic carbon and transparent exopolymer particles were measured. Atomic force microscopy was used to determine sizes and shapes of colloids. Most Fe was associated with Al‐rich particles that were resuspended from the sediment or derived from a local river. Dissolved Fe and Cu had depth profiles similar to total organic carbon and transparent exopolymer particles, and highest concentrations occurred in the surface and the upper mixed‐water layer, where the in situ biological production and the inputs of water from the Baltic Sea and a local river were high. The colloidal size spectra of the elements, and the atomic force microscopy images, revealed that three to four classes of colloids were present in the samples, differing in size, shape, and element‐binding properties. Small (0.5‐3 nm) spherical macromolecules of chromophoric dissolved organic matter, binding most elements, occurred at all depths and on all sampling occasions. Populations of 3‐7‐nm globular or slightly elongated colloids, binding Cu, Ag, and Pb, and 7‐40‐nm fibrillar colloids, binding Fe and Pb, appeared in the upper mixed‐water layer during late spring and summer, thereby changing the colloidal size spectra of associated elements in June‐July.
Heterogeneous response to preventive sheep husbandry during wolf recolonization of the French Alps

Abstract Recolonization by wolves (Canis lupus) of areas of extensive sheep breeding in the French Alps in the early 1990s led to intense conflicts over losses of domestic livestock. We used data on depredations and sheep herd management from 45 pastures of the Mercantour Mountains of the French Alps to build models of attack and kill rates and to quantify the efficiency of using livestock-guarding dogs and of gathering or confining herds at night to prevent damage. Efficiency of livestock-guarding dogs was lowest when sheep were ranging freely and highest when sheep were confined at night. The effect of livestockguarding dogs on depredations was heterogeneous across pastures. When sheep were confined at night, presence of 3 to 4 dogs was predicted to prevent a large majority (>95%) of kills that would have occurred in the absence of dogs for 81% of pastures. No effect of dogs was found for the other 19% of pastures. Confining or simply gathering sheep at night in the presence of 5 livestock-guarding dogs was predicted to prevent most kills (94% and 79%, respectively) that would have occurred in similar conditions but with free-ranging sheep. Efficiency of each of these 2 techniques was drastically reduced when they were not used jointly. This study suggested that confining sheep in the presence of several livestock-guarding dogs can prevent a large majority of livestock losses to wolves in the southern French Alps.
Effect of the use of the microalga Spirulina maxima as fish meal replacement in diets for tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), fry

The present study addresses the use of the microalga Spirulina maxima as a protein source in diets for tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), fry. Animal protein was replaced with algae protein at ratios of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, and the substitution effect was compared with a control diet in which fish meal was the sole protein. An additional 100% spirulina protein diet was supplemented with phosphorous to test for possible mineral deficiency in the plant-protein-based diet. The six treatments were tested in triplicate in a closed-recirculating system where the fish were fed by hand at 6% of their body weight. After a 9-week feeding period, the growth rate and protein utilization of fish fed the diet with 20% and 40%Spirulina were elevated and not significantly different (P>0.05) from those fed the control diet. Further increases in the alga protein content significantly decreased the growth and feeding performance. The addition of P to the 100%Spirulina diet slightly improved performance in comparison to the same diet without P. None of the treatments produced any clear adverse effects on carcass composition. It is observed that Spirulina can replace up to 40% of the fish meal protein in tilapia diets.
Mycorrhiza changes plant volatiles to attract spider mite enemies

Summary 1. Indirect induced plant defence via emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) to recruit natural enemies of herbivores is a ubiquitous phenomenon, but whether and how emission of above-ground HIPVs is adaptively modulated by below-ground mutualistic micro-organisms is unknown. 2. We investigated the effects of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on chemical composition of HIPVs emitted by bean plants Phaseolus vulgaris attacked by spider mites, Tetranychus urticae, using proton-transfer mass spectrometry, and attraction of the spider mites’ natural enemy, the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis, to these HIPVs using a Y-tube olfactometer. 3. Mycorrhiza significantly changed the HIPV composition. Most notably, it increased the emission of β-ocimene and β-caryophyllene, two compounds synthesized de novo upon spider mite attack. The constitutively emitted methyl salicylate was increased by spider mite infestation but decreased by mycorrhiza. 4. The predators responded strongly to HIPVs emitted by plants infested for 6 days and preferred HIPVs of mycorrhizal plants to those of non-mycorrhizal plants. In contrast, they were less responsive and indiscriminative to mycorrhization when exposed to volatiles emitted by non-infested plants and plants infested by spider mites for 1 or 3 days. 5. Our study provides a key example of an adaptive indirect HIPV-mediated interaction of a below-ground micro-organism with an above-ground carnivore.
Development, Growth, and Survival of Lepeophtheirus Salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

Development, growth, and survival data derived from laboratory experiments are provided for Lepeophtheirus salmonis, a common ectoparasite of wild and sea-farmed salmonids. The mean development time of eggs was 419·1 hours (17·5 days) at 5°C, 207·1 hours (8·6 days) at 10°C, and 130·8 hours (5·5 days) at 15°C. Development from the first nauplius to the infectious copepodid stage took 222·3 hours (9·3 days) at 5°C, 87·4 hours (3·6 days) at 10°C, and 44·8 (1·9 days) hours at 15°C. Development from the egg to the adult male took 40 days, and from the egg to the adult female 52 days at 10°C. No egg development occurred at 10‰ salinity. At 15‰ eggs developed but failed to produce active nauplii. At higher salinities (20–3‰) active nauplii were produced, but copepodids were only obtained at 30‰. Copepodids survived for less than 1 day in waters with a salinity of 10‰ or less. At higher salinities (15–30‰) and temperatures of 5,10, and 15°C average survival times ranged between 2 and 8 days.
Reproductive patterns in central and marginal populations of a large brown seaweed: drastic changes at the southern range limit

Understanding the factors determining geographic ranges and range shifts of species is a central issue in ecology and evolutionary biology. Research addressing distributional borders from a demographic perspective frequently focused on reproductive traits, finding reproduction reductions or failure at the range margin. However, some of the observed changes in marginal locations could be the result of adaptive adjustments to local, unfavourable conditions, though they have been rarely interpreted from this point of view. In this study we investigated the reproductive patterns of the seaweed Fucus serratus in central and southern marginal locations (SW UK, N Spain) over a 3-yr period. Our main goals were: 1) to determine the spatial (centre-margin) and temporal variation in reproductive traits and 2) to test if this variation fits with life-history predictions for stressful environments. Threshold size for reproduction declined at the range margin, in accordance with life-history predictions. Nevertheless, we also observed parallel drastic reductions in the percentage of reproductives, reproductive allocation and plant size. The reproductive capacity of marginal locations was thus dramatically reduced in relation to central ones. Furthermore, the decline became more pronounced over the study period. Our results suggests that the viability of marginal populations is at risk. This situation clearly differs from the pattern observed during the last decade. At that time, the species was able to growth and reproduce beyond its distributional boundary at similar rates than inside its range in N Spain. The seaweed was then expanding its distribution and the position of the boundary was set by dispersal limitations. At present, the southern boundary of this species seems to be directly influenced by very unfavourable abiotic conditions, which may be linked to the present scenario of climatic change or to environmental fluctuations acting at shorter-time scales.
Tornado effects on damage, resprouting and spatial heterogeneity in the Cross Timbers ecotone of Oklahoma, USA

Aims In order to better understand how tornados structure the ecotone between eastern deciduous forest and tallgrass prairie, we sampled trees in a recent tornado blowdown area and in the adjacent undisturbed forest. Both are part of the Cross Timbers ecotone of Osage County, Northeastern Oklahoma, USA. Methods We set up a 1-ha square plot in each area and sampled all tree stems at least 50 cm tall where stems were identified to species and measured for size and spatial location in both plots. For the stems in the blowdown plot, we also scored damage and resprouting. We then used the spatial location data to compute the spatial heterogeneity and degree of clumping in both areas. Important Findings Significant clumping was observed in the control forest at the small spatial scale of 1–8 m and at the medium spatial scale of 30–36 m. The blowdown area: showed domination by post oak (Quercus stellata) with small stems, branch damage and stem resprouting above 1 m most common; had no trees that either lost their leaves without branch or stem damage or lived without some sort of resprouting, had a significant negative correlation between damage and resprouting and clumped only at small spatial scales for stems of medium size, for stems with branch damage and for stems that resprouted at or below 1 m height. We conclude that in addition to largely eliminating a forest’s spatial heterogeneity, tornados may also structure this ecotone by increasing tree persistence through resprouting.
Genetic analysis of pearl millet cross

An investigation was carried out to study the inheritance of seven metric traits in a pearlmillet cross. The study revealed the presence of additive, dominance and dominant x dominant interaction for the traits studied. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed. Recurrent selection followed by pedigree breeding is suggested for improvement of grain yield and component traits.
Harmfulness of Phomopsis diachenii Sacc. to herbs from Apiaceae family and preparations limiting the growth of this fungus.

Phomopsis diachenii belongs to the fungi increasingly noted on herbal plants from Apiaceae family. Considering the documented fungal pathogenicity for herbs, the possibility of limiting the growth and development of P. diachenii was studied. Two biotechnical preparations i.e. Biosept Active and Beta-chikol and 12 fungicides from different chemical groups as well as one isolate of P. diachenii K 651, obtained from caraway were used for the study. Tests were performed by poisoning the culture media with each of the tested preparations, which were then inoculated with the P. diachenii in- oculum. The percentage of inhibition of the growth of four- and eight-day-old fungus colonies on the medium with preparations in comparison to the control colonies was a measure of the toxic activity of the preparations. The effectiveness of Beta-chikol in limiting P. diachenii growth was significantly higher than the efficiency of Biosept Ac- tive. All fungicides limited the growth and development of P. diachenii, and the effec- tiveness of inhibitory activity was correlated with the concentration of the active ingredi- ent in fungicide. The most promising compound in reducing the growth and development of P. diachenii was mancozeb.
Targeted Cross-Lingual Sentiment Analysis Embedding Projection for Targeted Cross-Lingual Sentiment: Model Comparisons and a Real-World Study

Sentiment analysis benefits from large, hand-annotated resources in order to train and test machine learning models, which are often data hungry. While some languages, e. g. , English, have a vast array of these resources, most under-resourced languages do not, especially for fine-grained sentiment tasks, such as aspect-level or targeted sentiment analysis. To improve this situation, we propose a cross-lingual approach to sentiment analysis that is applicable to under-resourced languages and takes into account target-level information. This model incorporates sentiment information into bilingual distributional representations, by jointly optimizing them for semantics and sentiment, showing state-of-the-art performance at sentence-level when combined with machine translation. The adaptation to targeted sentiment analysis on multiple domains shows that our model outperforms other projection-based bilingual embedding methods on binary targeted sentiment tasks. Our analysis on ten languages demonstrates that the amount of unlabeled monolingual data has surprisingly little effect on the sentiment results. As expected, the choice of a annotated source language for projection to a target leads to better results for source-target language pairs which are similar. Therefore, our results suggest that more efforts should be spent on the creation of resources for less similar languages to those which are resourcerich already. Finally, a domain mismatch leads to a decreased performance. This suggests resources in any language should ideally cover varieties of domains.
The microbial food web and its sensitivity to eutrophication and contaminant enrichment : a cross-system overview

The relative contribution to the pelagic carbon flux of bacteria, autotrophic picoplankton (APP), and heterotrophic nano- and microplankton is highest in pristine oligotrophic waters. Increased nutrient loading stimulates picoplankton production but reduces the importance of the microbial food web. Not all microorganisms are affected in the same way by eutrophication and contaminant enrichment. In contrast to bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates, the APP was found to be highly sensitive to heavy metal contamination. The changing significance of the microbial loop has far-reaching consequences for the entire ecosystem including alterations occurring in the benthos. The structure and functioning of the microbial food web is similar in marine, brackish, and freshwater ecosystems.
ABUNDANCE, SURVIVAL, AND HIBERNATION OF PREBLE'S MEADOW JUMPING MICE (ZAPUS HUDSONIUS PREBLEI) IN BOULDER COUNTY, COLORADO

Abstract We describe population estimates, survival rates, and aspects of hibernation for a population of Zapus hudsonius preblei along a 3.7-km section of South Boulder Creek and 2 associated outflow ditches in Boulder County, Colorado. Mark-recapture analysis was used on 352 marked jumping mice with 722 captures from 6 paired sites along the creek and 2 sites on ditches. Linear population density estimates ranged from 22.7 ± 7.9 to 79.5 ± 33.3 animals/km of stream-reach for the 6 sites combined along South Boulder Creek, and from 33.9 ± 1.6 to 85.6 ± 30.3 animals/km along the occupied ditches. This study highlights the potential importance of irrigation ditches as suitable habitat for Z. h. preblei. Estimated over-winter survival rate for both sexes combined was 54.1 ± 18.8%, summer survival rate was 16.2 ± 9.6%, and combined annual survival rate was 8.8 ± 6.0%. We suggest that good hibernation habitat is important for these populations to offset low summer survival. First emergence from hibernation was 19 May 1999, the only year trapping was conducted during the emergence period. Males preceded females. Adults were captured in June with low post-hibernation weights and reached weights that would enable them to enter hibernation by the third week in August. Juveniles captured after mid September were considered to be offspring from second litters. By mid October in both years, no jumping mice were captured, and we infer that they had all entered hibernation.
Epidemiological, serological and molecular analysis of hepatitis C virus infection in different risk groups

Hepatitis C is an infectious disease of liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study was to examine the epidemiological, serological and molecular analysis of hepatitis C virus infection in different risk groups. Fifty patients were selected in which thirty two were females and eighteen were males. All patients were tested by different methods such as immunochromatographic method, ELISA and PCR. Among them, 23 females (71%) & 9 males (50%) were HCV infected. It was also determined that patients at the age of 31-40 years of age group had high risk of HCV infection.
Omega 3 versus Omega 6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cardio-Metabolic Health

Background: Cardiometabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, heart failure, and other cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity across the globe. These conditions are directly attributed to modifiable behaviors such as sedentary activity, poor diet, excessive consumption of alcohol, or smoking. Efforts aimed towards their prevention and management are, therefore, not only essential in the accomplishment of the healthy populations but also for eliminating the associated cost and health burdens. Dietary change is an important approach to the promotion of cardiometabolic health. Omega 3 (C20–22 ω3) polyunsaturated fatty acids have pleiotropic effects on the functioning of cells, control inflammatory factors, and cellular events in vascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. The hypolipemic, anti-arrhythmic, and anti-inflammatory properties of fatty acids offer cardioprotection. Government agencies and national heart associations recommend increased consumption of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplements and fish to prevent cardiometabolic diseases. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role played by ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in promoting cardiometabolic health. Methods: The research study searched databases such as MEDLINE®, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL® and the Cochrane Library for relevant research studies evaluating the function/benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids particularly ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in promoting cardiometabolic functions published between 2011 and 2020. A total of 77 research studies were identified and used in the meta-analysis. Results: Results from the meta-analysis indicated that polyunsaturated fatty acids lower the risk for cardiovascular disease by limiting inflammation of blood vessels, reducing thrombosis, increasing levels of high-density lipoproteins, reducing levels of low-density lipoproteins, and reducing risk factors associated with hypertension. Conclusion: Given the benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids lower the risk for cardiovascular diseases indicted in the meta-analysis. Therefore, human diets must contain the required amounts of PUFA due to the associated benefits.