Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the mixing state, mass, and optical size of individual black carbon particles in urban and biomass burning emissions

In situ measurements of the mass, mixing state, and optical size of individual black‐carbon (BC) particles in the fine mode (90–600 nm) have been made in fresh emissions from urban and biomass burning sources with an airborne single‐particle soot photometer. Contrasts between the two sources are significant and consistent. Urban BC tends to smaller sizes, fewer coated particles, thinner coatings, and less absorption per unit mass than biomass‐burning BC. This suggests that urban BC may have a longer lifetime in the atmosphere and a different impact on BC radiative forcing in the first indirect effect than biomass‐burning BC. These measurements bound the likely variability in the microphysical state of BC emissions from typical continental processes, and provide direct measurements of the size distribution and coating state of fine‐mode BC for use in constraining climate and aerosol models. These results highlight the need for the integration of source‐specific information into such models.
Oral Candidiasis Management in a Child with Pacifier Sucking Habit: A Case Report

Abstract: Oral candidiasis is a widely known mucosal fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida species. Children and infants are highly more susceptible to Candida infection than adults. We report an oral candidiasis case in a 5-year-old girl with white spots on her lips and tongue. When the white spots were scrapped off, they would be detached leaving red patches on the mucosal surfaces. The patient had pacifier sucking habit and tended to place the pacifier everywhere carelessly. Previously, the patient was treated at a primary healthcare center and received nystatin therapy. However, there was no improvement at all after the therapy. Based on her current and historical conditions, the patient was diagnosed as oral candidiasis, and in this case nystatin administration was ineffective. Therefore, the patient required better oral hygiene management, and the medication given was a gargle containing 0.1% hyaluronic acid. A week after using the gargle without using pacifier anymore, white spots had disappeared, and oral hygiene had improved. Re-control was conducted one month after the first visit and no Candida infection was detected. In conclusion, gargle containing 0.1% hyaluronic acid associated with better dental and oral hygiene is effective to treat oral candidiasis in children. Keywords: oral candidiasis; children; pacifier sucking habit; gargle containing 0.1% hyaluronic acid
Saudi international students in Australia and intercultural engagement: A study of transitioning from a gender segregated culture to a mixed gender environment

This paper draws on a PhD study that explores the experience of Saudi international students in Australian institutions. The paper discusses how the gender segregation culture in Saudi Arabia may impact upon Saudi students' engagement within the Australian community. The research methodology utilized a phenomenological approach and data was generated from in-depth interviews. The findings from a pilot study are reported in this paper. The pilot involved interviews with two Saudi international students, male andfemale, who are studying at Australian universities. The preliminary analysis indicated that the Saudi culture of extreme gender segregation has impacted on the experience of these students, particularly in their ability to relate to their peers in d coeducational environment.
Airborne electromagnetic bathymetry investigations in Port Lincoln, South Australia – comparison with an equivalent floating transient electromagnetic system

Abstract Helicopter time-domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) methodology is being investigated as a reconnaissance technique for bathymetric mapping in shallow coastal waters, especially in areas affected by water turbidity where light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and hyperspectral techniques may be limited. Previous studies in Port Lincoln, South Australia, used a floating AEM time-domain system to provide an upper limit to the expected bathymetric accuracy based on current technology for AEM systems. The survey lines traced by the towed floating system were also flown with an airborne system using the same transmitter and receiver electronic instrumentation, on two separate occasions. On the second occasion, significant improvements had been made to the instrumentation to reduce the system self-response at early times. A comparison of the interpreted water depths obtained from the airborne and floating systems is presented, showing the degradation in bathymetric accuracy obtained from the airborne data. An empirical data correction method based on modelled and observed EM responses over deep seawater (i.e. a quasi half-space response) at varying survey altitudes, combined with known seawater conductivity measured during the survey, can lead to significant improvements in interpreted water depths and serves as a useful method for checking system calibration. Another empirical data correction method based on observed and modelled EM responses in shallow water was shown to lead to similar improvements in interpreted water depths; however, this procedure is notably inferior to the quasi half-space response because more parameters need to be assumed in order to compute the modelled EM response. A comparison between the results of the two airborne surveys in Port Lincoln shows that uncorrected data obtained from the second airborne survey gives good agreement with known water depths without the need to apply any empirical corrections to the data. This result significantly decreases the data-processing time thereby enabling the AEM method to serve as a rapid reconnaissance technique for bathymetric mapping.
Level of patient satisfaction with online psychiatric outdoor services

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 global pandemic exposed gaps in the treatment of common physical and mental disorders that had to do with things like lockdowns, poor convenience, fear of contracting COVID, and economic constraints. Hence, to address these treatment gaps while also limiting exposure to the COVID-19 infection, telemedicine in the form of telephone and internet consultations has increasingly become the recourse around the world. Our center adopted this trend and also launched a telepsychiatry initiative in order to better cater to the needs of patients with pre-existing mental health disorders and to ensure regular follow-ups and compliance with prescription regiments. AIM: The present study aimed to assess the level of patient satisfaction with the online psychiatric services/telepsychiatry. METHODS: The sample consisted of 100 patients with pre-existing mental health disorders. This was a cross-sectional study lasting 6 months. The DigiDoc app by Hospital Information Software (HIS) software, which is used to manage a patients appointment schedule, relevant clinical and lab details, along with follow-up prescriptions, was used to follow the selected patients for the purpose of this study. This software also provides a digital platform for video calls for online consultation. The Client Satisfaction Questionnaires-8 (CSQ-8) was employed to collect patient data for analysis. RESULTS: The mean total CSQ-8 score of the study sample was 21.015. 80 (832), which corresponds to a low-to-moderate level of satisfaction with online psychiatric services/telepsychiatry. Most patients (45%) reported low satisfaction levels, followed by 37% who reported moderate levels of satisfaction. Only 18% of patients reported higher satisfaction with telepsychiatry. CONCLUSION: Despite the psychiatrists ability to provide adequate professional advice and psychoeducation through online psychiatric services, patients level of satisfaction proved moderate-to-low. This suggests a need to design standard protocols and guidelines in the search and provision of consultation services on online psychiatric service platforms that could help enhance patients levels of satisfaction.
Which kind of perceived organisational support fosters self-initiated expatriate engineers’ creativity in high-adversity contexts? The moderating role of cross-cultural resilience

Abstract Grounded in the conservation of resources and social exchange theories, this study aimed to understand how self-initiated expatriate engineers’ (SIEEs) perception of financial, adjustment and career support enhances their creativity level and how cross-cultural resilience (C-CR) moderates this perception. An online survey was conducted with 147 SIEEs from Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries working in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results were analysed by principal least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings demonstrated that financial and adjustment supports have a significant positive relationship with individual creativity while career support does not. Further, C-CR moderates the relationship between financial support and creativity. The study offers significant theoretical and practical implications regarding perceived organisational support (POS) and creativity for host organisations in high-adversity contexts.
Analysis of the linkages between rainfall and land surface conditions in the West African monsoon through CMAP, ERS‐WSC, and NOAA‐AVHRR data

[1] The European Remote Sensing Wind Scatterometer (ERS-WSC) backscattering coefficient, NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis Precipitation (CMAP) precipitation data sets are studied over the period August 1991 to December 2000 to document (1) the interannual and intra-annual evolutions of vegetation photosynthetic activity and soil-vegetation water content over West Africa and (2) their two-way links with precipitation. Over the Sahel, at interannual timescales the strongest relationships between vegetation, soil moisture, and precipitation are observed from July to October and when 1-month lag is considered between the parameters. This delay reflects the vegetation response time to the moisture pulses that follow precipitation events. The high correlation between NDVI and sigma_0 at interannual timescales confirms the importance of vegetation in the backscattering coefficient. However, sigma_0 shows stronger statistical links with precipitation, suggesting that this product contains additional useful information related in particular to upper soil moisture. Over Guinea, large differences are observed between the two remote sensing products, and their relationship with precipitation at interannual timescales is weaker. Sigma_0 is significantly linked to precipitation from July to November, whereas NDVI does not show any significant relationship with precipitation. NDVI and sigma_0 serial correlations over the Sahel and Guinea suggest that a 2-month memory usually characterizes vegetation photosynthetic activity and soil-vegetation water content anomalies. However, anomalies disappearance in winter then reappearance in the following spring also suggests an interseason memory held by deep soil moisture reservoirs and deep-rooted plants. A composite analysis reveals that the wettest Sahelian rainy seasons were preceded by positive anomalies of soil-vegetation water content over Guinea from winter to spring. Cross correlations and Granger causality analyses partly relate these winter to spring land surface anomalies to those recorded in precipitation during the previous autumn. Spring soil-vegetation water content anomalies strengthen the meridional gradient of soil-vegetation water content over the subcontinent. This gradient is thought to contribute to the gradient of entropy that drives the West African monsoon.
PRUDENCE employs new methods to assess European climate change

Both decision-makers and the general public need detailed information on future climate to evaluate the risks associated with possible climate change due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. Projections of future climate change already exist, but they are deficient, in terms of both the characterization of their uncertainties and their regional detail. To date, the assessment of potential impacts of climate change has generally relied on projections from simple climate models or coarse resolution coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs). The former include, at best, only a limited physical representation of the climate system. The latter are unable to resolve processes occurring at scales of less than ∼300 km. This resolution limitation precludes the simulation of realistic extreme events and the detailed spatial structure of variables like temperature and precipitation over regions characterized by heterogeneous surfaces. Typical examples of such regions are mountainous areas such as the Alps or Scandinavia or coastal zones, and areas surrounding inland seas, such as the Mediterranean and Baltic.
Miljögifter i fisk 2001/2002 Vänern - Vättern

Vatternvardsforbundet och Vanerns vattenvardsforbund har genomfort en undersokning av miljogifter i fisk som omfattar 38 kemiska amnen och amnesgrupper samt "dioxiner" (PCDD/PCDF) och PCB (polyklor .
Geomorphic expression of the southern Central Andes forebulge (37°S, Argentina)

We present a geomorphologic analysis of an east‐west transect located east of the southern Andes of Argentina (~37°S). We observe a succession of zones that underwent erosion and deposition during the Pleistocene. If the proximal Andean foothills are incised, a proximal depozone receives sediments feeding the megafan of the Rio Colorado on the Chadileuvú plain. More distally, the abandoned palaeo‐valleys and bending of the valley floors reflect a localized uplift. Further to the east, another depozone corresponds to the Pampa Deprimida lowland. This pattern is consistent with the presence of a classical flexural geometry of the lithosphere. The distal uplift of the foreland corresponds in terms of location, length (150 km) and amplitude (240 m) to the Andean forebulge modelled by a geophysical approach. In this study, we identify the morphological imprint of this bulge and show its effect on the fluvial activity.
Assessment of the Sources of Variation in Changes of Precipitation Characteristics over the Rhine Basin Using a Linear Mixed-Effects Model

AbstractA linear mixed-effects (LME) model is developed to discriminate the sources of variation in the changes of several precipitation characteristics over the Rhine basin as projected by an ensemble of 191 global climate model (GCM) simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The uncertainty in climate change projections originates from natural internal variability, imperfect climate models, and the unpredictability of future greenhouse gas forcing. The LME model allows for the quantification of the contribution of these sources of uncertainty as well as the interaction between greenhouse gas forcing and climate model. In addition, dependence between climate models can be accounted for by using a two-level LME model in which the GCMs are grouped according to their atmospheric circulation model. Statistical models of varied complexity are assessed by the Akaike information criterion. More than 60% of the variance of the changes in mean summer precipitation and various .
Archaeological Evidence for a Former Bay at Seaside, Oregon

Abstract Cultural shell middens, a common feature of coastal landscapes, preserve a record of past human use of coastal resources and often provide important paleoenvironmental information. Molluscan remains from two shell midden sites, located 0.7 km from the modern Pacific coast at Seaside, Oregon, suggest the former presence of a small sheltered bay at this locality. The modern sand beaches in the Seaside area, stretching for 30 km southward from the mouth of the Columbia River, are exposed to high-energy surf where razor clams (Siliqua patula) are today the only common bivalve. By contrast, over 90% of molluscan remains (by weight) recovered from the archaeological sites represent species that favor sheltered water. Geologic studies in the Seaside area have shown that the beach prograded some 2 km over the last 4 millennia. The midden evidence suggests that the progradation was accompanied by the infilling of a former bay.
THE EFFECT OF SPACING ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF MCU 9 COTTON SEED

Field trials were conducted in randomised block design on CV.MCU 9 during 1978-79 winter and 1980 summer seasons with the following nine spacings as treat- ment viz. 75 X 30 cm 75 X 45 cm, 75 X 60 cm, 75 X 75 cm 90 x 30 cm, 90 X 45 cm, 90 X 60 cm, 90 X 75 cm and 90 X 90 cm. The results revealed that a spacing of 90 X 60 cm in both the seasons was found optimum to increase the seed yield as well as seed germination and seedling vigour The increased seed yield was attributed to more number of bolls per plant, more number of seeds per boll, higher 100 seed weight and higher percentage of recovery of matured seed in plants planted at 90 X 60 cm spacing than in others.
Magmatism and extension: The thermal and mechanical effects of the Yellowstone Hotspot

Currently, there is a parabolic-shaped pattern of seismicity and latest Quaternary faulting which centers on the axis of the eastern Snake River Plain (SRP) and has its apex at the Yellowstone Plateau. The pattern of activity surrounds a region of aseismicity that includes the eastern SRP. Geologic evidence suggests that this pattern has migrated in tandem with rhyolitic volcanism induced by the Yellowstone hotspot during its 16 m.y. trek across western North America. Similarly there is a migration in the onset of basaltic lava flows and the emplacement of up to 12 km of midcrustal mafic intrusions that follows the track of rhyolitic volcanism. These observations suggest that the intrusion of magmas has a significant influence on the pattern of seismicity and faulting. We present a one-dimensional, finite-difference, thermomechanical model that accounts for the observed pattern of increased faulting followed by fault quiescence within the circum-eastern SRP. In this model, mafic magmas are intruded into a lithosphere that is already extending. The intrusions heat the surrounding rocks resulting in locally increased strain rates. As the intruded magmas solidify, the length of time required to return strain rates to their pre-intrusion level is then determined. The model assumes constant horizontal tectonic forces and maps strain rate as a function of yield strength and time since intrusion. We vary model parameters such as crustal thickness, initial geothermal gradient, and amount of magma intruded, in order to assess how they affect turnaround time for strain rates. The amount and timing of intruded material allowed by the model are constrained by seismic refraction data as well as by regional geochronologic and petrologic studies. We assume intruded rock rheology to be a Maryland diabase; mantle rheology we base on dry olivine; we represent the crust by both dry granite and dry anorthosite rheologies. Our results suggest that 2 to 3 m.y. appears to be a reasonable length of time for strain rates to return to levels present before a midcrustal mafic intrusion equivalent in magnitude to the Yellowstone intrusion. This corresponds closely to the length of time between the onset of along-axis accelerated faulting and subsequent fault quiescence, assuming a hotspot velocity of 3.5 to 4.0 cm/yr relative to the North American Plate.
Carbonate sediment transport pathways based on foraminifera: case study from Frank Sound, Grand Cayman, British West Indies

Foraminifera can be used to determine the source(s) of carbonate sediment and the directions of sediment transport in shallow, coastal lagoons such as Frank Sound on the south‐central coast of Grand Cayman. These determinations, based on the distribution of foraminiferal assemblages and ‘tracer species’ (numerically abundant species that live in known physiographic units and/or ecological conditions), show that the lagoonal sediments are a mixture of grains that originated in the lagoon and forereef. The variable proportions of these foraminifera throughout the lagoon reflects the dynamic processes that control lagoonal sedimentation.
Daily evaporation over a region from lower boundary layer profiles measured with radiosondes

Regional daily evaporation was estimated by means of continuous measurements of the available energy flux at the surface and one or more instantaneous determinations of the evaporative fraction (EF). The data were obtained during the First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE) in northeastern Kansas. EF, which is the ratio of the latent heat flux and the available energy flux, was assumed to be constant during the daylight hours; thus it was determined from only a few instantaneous surface flux values calculated on the basis of radiosonde profiles in the surface layer, together with remotely sensed surface temperature. Comparison of 23 estimated and measured daytime evaporation values showed good correlation (r = 0.97), although the evaporation was underestimated by about 5% on average. In the estimation of daily evaporation, nighttime evaporation must also be considered; measurements by means of the eddy correlation method showed that on average it accounted for some 8% of the total daily evaporation.
Estructura de la población prehistórica del noroeste argentino (sector septentrional). Distribución de características epigeneticas

espanolSe estudio la estructura de la poblaci6n prehistorica del sector septentrional del noroeste argentino mediante el empleo de caracteres no-metricos del craneo. La muestra esta constituida por 673 individuos pertenecientes a las regiones de Puna (111), Quebrada de Humahuaca (269), Selvas Occidentales (50) y Valliserrana (243). Se observaron 33 caracteres y se aplico un diseno tipo factorial "i" por "j" para tablas de contingencia. Mediante la prueba X2 se analizo la distribuci6n de la muestra por sexo, edad, deformacion artificial y region. La estructura de la poblacion se estudio empleando analisis de correspondencia, medida media de divergencia estandarizada (sMMD) y analisis de agrupamiento. Se comprobo que seis rasgos estan asociados con deformacion, cinco con sexo, siete con edad y doce con region. Los resultados multivariados revelaron la existencia de dos componentes biologicos, uno constituido por Quebrada de Humahuaca y la Puna y otro por Valliserrana y Las Pirguas. Es posible que dichos componentes se hayan originado a partir de un mismo grupo ancestral probablemente de origen andino y que luego se diferenciaron por la accion de diferentes factores evolutivos (pautas particulares de apareamiento, deriva y migracion). EnglishThe structure of the prehistoric population of the Argentinean northwest is studied by means of the use of nonmetric cranial traits. The sample consists of 673 individuals from Puna (111) ,Quebrada de Humahuaca (269), Selvas Occidentales (50) and Valliserrana (243) regions. Thirty-three nonmetric traits were used and the X2 test was applied to analyze the distribution of the sample for sex, age, artificial deformation and region. The population structure was studied using correspondence analyss, mean measure of standardized divergence (sMMD) and cluster analysis. We observe that six traits are associated with deformation, five with sex, seven with age and twelve with region. The multivariate results show the existence of two biological components, the first of which is constituted by Quebrada de Humahuaca and Puna and the second one by Valliserrana and Las Pirguas. Both components possibly shared an ancestral group, probably of Andean origin, and then they differed for the action of different evolutionary factors (particular mating systems, genetic drift and gene flow).