Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sistem Pemerintahan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Baduy Dalam Kerangka Sistem Otonomi Daerah

Customary law communities are the most important part of the history of the development of the Indonesian nation. The contribution given by the customary law community since ancient times has been very large for the development of human civilization, especially in the aspect of order that exists in customary law. The Baduy tribe is one of the customary law communities whose existence is still maintained to this day. The Baduy customary law community has a legal system including its government system which is the hallmark of indigenous peoples. In addition to using their customary government system, Baduy as well as part of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia must participate in every national policy, especially in the area of ​​regional and village government. The recognition given by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia to indigenous peoples in Indonesia is the basis for the use of their respective customary law systems. Therefore, the researcher considers it necessary to conduct a study to see how the current system of governance of the Baduy customary law community is related to the existing positive law. The research method used is a normative juridical and empirical (mixed) juridical research method to see how the normative arrangements regarding the position of the Baduy community government system are and can describe what the government system is like. The specific target to be achieved in this research is to contribute ideas to the local government and the Baduy indigenous people in terms of the position of the Baduy customary government system in terms of the existing positive law. The results of the research carried out explain the Baduy customary law community uses a government system that originates from their customary law known as pikukuh or karuhun. Law 23/2014 on Regional Government gives authority to provincial and district governments to regulate the empowerment of indigenous peoples and the arrangement of customary villages through existing traditional institutions. This happens because community and village empowerment is included in the mandatory concurrent government affairs that are not related to basic services.
Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery Systems to Enable mRNA-Based Therapeutics

The world raced to develop vaccines to protect against the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection upon the recognition of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. A broad spectrum of candidates was evaluated, with mRNA-based vaccines emerging as leaders due to how quickly they were available for emergency use while providing a high level of efficacy. As a modular technology, the mRNA-based vaccines benefitted from decades of advancements in both mRNA and delivery technology prior to the current global pandemic. The fundamental lessons of the utility of mRNA as a therapeutic were pioneered by Dr. Katalin Kariko and her colleagues, perhaps most notably in collaboration with Drew Weissman at University of Pennsylvania, and this foundational work paved the way for the development of the first ever mRNA-based therapeutic authorized for human use, COMIRNATY®. In this Special Issue of Pharmaceutics, we will be honoring Dr. Kariko for her great contributions to the mRNA technology to treat diseases with unmet needs. In this review article, we will focus on the delivery platform, the lipid nanoparticle (LNP) carrier, which allowed the potential of mRNA therapeutics to be realized. Similar to the mRNA technology, the development of LNP systems has been ongoing for decades before culminating in the success of the first clinically approved siRNA-LNP product, ONPATTRO®, a treatment for an otherwise fatal genetic disease called transthyretin amyloidosis. Lessons learned from the siRNA-LNP experience enabled the translation into the mRNA platform with the eventual authorization and approval of the mRNA-LNP vaccines against COVID-19. This marks the beginning of mRNA-LNP as a pharmaceutical option to treat genetic diseases.
Barcelona under the 15-Minute City Lens: Mapping the Accessibility and Proximity Potential Based on Pedestrian Travel Times

Many academics, urban planners and policymakers subscribe to the benefits of implementing the concept of the 15-Minute City (FMC) in metropolises across the globe. Despite the interest raised by the concept, and other variants of chrono-urbanism, to date, only a few studies have evaluated cities from the FMC perspective. Most studies on the subject also lack a proper well-defined methodology that can properly assess FMC conditions. In this context, this study contributes to the development of an appropriate FMC-measuring method by using network analysis for services and activities in the City of Barcelona (Catalonia, northeastern Spain). By using network analyst and basing our analysis on cadastral parcels, this study is able to detail the overall accessibility conditions of the city and its urban social functions based on the FMC perspective. The resulting spatial synthetic index is enhanced with the creation of partial indexes measuring the impact of education, provisioning, entertainment, public and non-motorized transport, and care facilities. The results show that most residents of this dense and compact city live in areas with proximity to services, that can clearly be labeled as FMC, although there are some shortfalls in peripheral areas. Results validate the FMC methodology as a viable method to highlight spatial inequalities at the microscale level, a valuable tool for the development of effective planning policies.
Survey on Optimization Methods for LEO-Satellite-Based Networks with Applications in Future Autonomous Transportation

Future autonomous transportation is one of the most demanding application areas in terms of connectivity, as it has to simultaneously meet stringent criteria that do not typically go hand in hand, such as high throughput, low latency, high coverage/availability, high positioning and sensing accuracies, high security and robustness to interferences, etc. In order to meet the future demands of challenging applications, such as applications relying on autonomous vehicles, terrestrial networks are no longer sufficient and are to be augmented in the future with satellite-based networks. Among the emerging satellite networks, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) networks are able to provide advantages over traditional Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and Geo-Stationary Earth Orbit (GEO) networks in terms of signal latency, cost, and performance. Nevertheless, several challenges exist in LEO system design, which have not been fully addressed in the existing literature. In particular, the problem of LEO-system optimization of design parameters is a multi-dimensional problem with many aspects to be considered. This paper offers a comprehensive survey of the LEO-system design parameters, of the challenges in LEO system design process, and of the optimization methods for satellite communication, positioning, and sensing applications, as well as a summarizing discussion on the design considerations for LEO-based networks to support future autonomous transportation.
Enhancing cancer prevention and survivorship care with a videoconferencing model for continuing education: a mixed-methods study to identify barriers and incentives to participation

Abstract Objective To enhance cancer prevention and survivorship care by local health care providers, a school of public health introduced an innovative telelearning continuing education program using the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model. In ECHO’s hub and spoke structure, synchronous videoconferencing connects frontline health professionals at various locations (“spokes”) with experts at the facilitation center (“hub”). Sessions include experts’ didactic presentations and case discussions led by spoke site participants. The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the reasons individuals choose or decline to participate in the Cancer ECHO program and to identify incentives and barriers to doing so. Materials and methods Study participants were recruited from the hub team, spoke site participants, and providers who attended another ECHO program but not this one. Participants chose to take a survey or be interviewed. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided qualitative data coding and analysis. Results We conducted 22 semistructured interviews and collected 30 surveys. Incentives identified included the program’s high-quality design, supportive learning climate, and access to information. Barriers included a lack of external incentives to participate and limited time available. Participants wanted more adaptability in program timing to fit providers’ busy schedules. Conclusion Although the merits of the Cancer ECHO program were widely acknowledged, adaptations to facilitate participation and emphasize the program’s benefits may help overcome barriers to attending. As the number of telelearning programs grows, the results of this study point to ways to expand participation and spread health benefits more widely.
Calves gastrointestinal nematodes and Eimeria prevalence and associated risk factors in dairy farms, southern Ethiopia

Dairy production is an important component of livestock farming in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, the productivity of the sector has been impacted negatively by the morbidity and mortality of replacement animals. A Cross-sectional study was, therefore, aimed at estimating the prevalence of Nematode and Eimeria infection in calves in Hawassa, Shashemene and Arsi Negelle, southern Ethiopia. To this end, a flotation technique was used to recover Nematode egg and Eimeria oocyst from rectally collected faeces. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection, Nematode and Eimeria species collectively, was 43.9% (95% CI=38.6-49.4). The estimated proportion of Nematode, Eimeria and mixed infection was 35.8%, 21.5% and 13.3%, respectively. Among the potential factors considered faecal consistency, age and study area were found to increase recovery of Nematode egg and Eimeria oocyst in faeces (p< 0.05). Area wise, the prevalence has been noted to be higher at Arsi Negelle followed by Hawassa and Shashemene (p< 0.05). Besides, younger and diarrheic calves were found more infected by Nematode and Eimeria species than their adult and non-diarrheic counterpart. Based on their morphological appearance, Strongyle type (20.3%), Trichuris (4.2%) and Ascaris (16.3%) eggs, Eimeria oocysts (21.5%) were observed. In the light of this finding, the authors would like to advise the need for strategic intervention.
Great expectations: sustaining participation in social media spaces

In recent years there has been a dramatic rise in the number of participatory media technologies which museums have employed to engage people in new ways under the rubric of Web 2.0. Blogs, wikis, podcasts, vodcasts, photo and video sharing, virtual environments, tagging, annotation and other authoring tools offer people new opportunities to engage with museum content processes through co-creation and interactive cultural experiences. Arguably, these platforms and tools are creating new relationships between institutions and the public.
The Flip Side of Economic Growth – Predictions from Indonesia

Special attention in the future will emphasize patterns or studies thatare relevant and new in highlighting sustainable economic growth. Weseek to identify the role of factors outside of fiscal and monetary policyon economic growth in Indonesia, such as happiness, demographicpressures, labor force, and human development. For this purpose,the OLS method has presented time-series data (2015-2019). Prediction studies show that happiness, demographic pressures, andhuman development can increase economic growth in a significantdirection. Another finding is that the labor force cannot significantlycontrol economic growth, slowly decreasing growth with a negativeslope. Practical contributions to developing countries can accountfor endogenous (internal) growth over the long term. The qualityof human resources must prioritize productivity, income, and realwelfare. The government needs to plan a policy framework orientedto the fiscal and monetary side.How to Cite:Irwansyah, I. , Paminto, A. , Ilmi, Z. , Darma, D. C. , & Ulfah, Y. (2022). The Flip Side of Economic Growth – Predictions from Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 11(1), 107-124. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v11i1. 20280.
Mask R-CNN Applied to Quasi-particle Segmentation from the Hybrid Pelletized Sinter (HPS) Process

Particle size is an important quality parameter for raw materials in steel industry processes. In this work, we propose to implement the Mask-R-CNN algorithm to segment quasi-particles by size classes. We created a dataset with real images of an industrial environment, labeled the quasi-particles by size classes, and performed four training sessions by adjusting the model’s hyperparameters. The results indicated that the model segments with well-defined edges and applications as classes correctly. We obtained a mAP between 0.2333 and 0.2585. Additionally, hit and detection rates increase for larger particle size classes.
Ghrelin receptor signaling contributes to fasting-induced suppression of conditioned avoidance behavior and neural circuit activation in male rats

Interoceptive feedback to the brain regarding the body’s physiological state plays an important role in guiding motivated behaviors. For example, a state of negative energy balance tends to increase exploratory/food-seeking behaviors while reducing avoidance behaviors. We recently reported that overnight food deprivation reduces conditioned passive avoidance behavior in male (but not female) rats. Since fasting increases circulating levels of ghrelin, we hypothesized that ghrelin signaling contributes to the observed behavioral effect of fasting. To test this, ad libitum-fed male rats were trained in a passive avoidance procedure using mild footshock. Later, following overnight food deprivation, the same rats were pretreated with ghrelin receptor antagonist (GRA) or saline vehicle 30 min before avoidance testing. GRA restored passive avoidance in fasted rats as measured both by latency to enter and time spent in the shock-paired context. In addition, compared to vehicle-injected fasted rats, fasted rats that received GRA before re-exposure to the shock-paired context displayed more activation of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP)-positive noradrenergic neurons in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract, accompanied by more activation of downstream neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These results support the view that ghrelin signaling contributes to the inhibitory effect of fasting on learned passive avoidance behavior, perhaps by suppressing recruitment of PrRP-positive noradrenergic neurons and their downstream hypothalamic and limbic forebrain targets. Significance Statement Motivated approach and avoidance behaviors are modulated by interoceptive feedback regarding physiological state. In rats, a state of energy deficit reduces avoidance of an aversively conditioned context. Here we demonstrate a role for ghrelin signaling in this effect, such that ghrelin reduces activation of noradrenergic projections from hindbrain to hypothalamus and limbic forebrain. These novel results point to a potential mechanism by which metabolic state influences learned avoidance. Improved understanding of how interoceptive feedback signals are integrated with emotional memories that drive motivated behavior should enhance development of improved therapies for anxiety and stress-related disorders.
Co-Administration of Simvastatin Does Not Potentiate the Benefit of Gene Therapy in the mdx Mouse Model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and cureless muscle pediatric genetic disease, which is caused by the lack or the drastically reduced expression of dystrophin. Experimental therapeutic approaches for DMD have been mainly focused in recent years on attempts to restore the expression of dystrophin. While significant progress was achieved, the therapeutic benefit of treated patients is still unsatisfactory. Efficiency in gene therapy for DMD is hampered not only by incompletely resolved technical issues, but likely also due to the progressive nature of DMD. It is indeed suspected that some of the secondary pathologies, which are evolving over time in DMD patients, are not fully corrected by the restoration of dystrophin expression. We recently identified perturbations of the mevalonate pathway and of cholesterol metabolism in DMD patients. Taking advantage of the mdx model for DMD, we then demonstrated that some of these perturbations are improved by treatment with the cholesterol-lowering drug, simvastatin. In the present investigation, we tested whether the combination of the restoration of dystrophin expression with simvastatin treatment could have an additive beneficial effect in the mdx model. We confirmed the positive effects of microdystrophin, and of simvastatin, when administrated separately, but detected no additive effect by their combination. Thus, the present study does not support an additive beneficial effect by combining dystrophin restoration with a metabolic normalization by simvastatin.
Impact of audit committee characteristics on firm performance: Evidence from Bahrain

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between different audit committee attributes and company performance in Bahrain. This paper investigates the impact of audit committee independence, size, and meeting frequency on company performance (employing ROE, ROA, and Tobin’s Q). Data from all 14 non-financial publicly listed companies on Bahrain Bourse during 2005–2019 were used. The results revealed that companies with independent audit committees and big audit committees in terms of size are performing poorly. It is also shown that the number of audit committee meetings does not affect company performance. Further, this study failed to find any association between the number of audit committee meetings and company performance. The findings show that shareholders might lack knowledge of the importance of corporate governance mechanisms. The results of this study should be of potential interest to different stakeholders, including regulators, investors, and auditors, in their attempts to improve company performance and monitoring mechanisms in emerging economies.
Variance in a Second Language Pronunciation Quality

This paper reports research which attempts to identify factors which explain the variance in the second language (L2) phonic competence. The authors investigate the influence and interrelatedness of certain intralingual and paralingual variables, usually considered significant in the foreign language acquisition. The main focus of the study is the level of phonology, i. e. the acquisition of the phonological subsystem of a foreign language. The data collected by empirical research presented in this paper show that, although the influence of some of these variables is doubtless and remarkable, it is not always possible to single out one of them and to disregard the rest of them. Neither is it always possible to say which of these influences will prevail under some circumstances. The acquisition of the phonological system is an immensely complex process, influenced by numerous factors simultaneously. We tried to “capture” the possible influence of several potentially relevant factors, usually intuitively recognised, by professionals and laymen alike, as highly influential.
Emotional affinity towards cell phones among university students in UAE

Background and objectives: Over the last few decades, cell phones have grown to be an innovative and developing technology in the world. It acts as a tool for communication and emotional interaction among people of various ages. It has become an integral part in our lives making us more dependent. Cell phones have also not failed to lure the young generation. This study aims to investigate the factors that may influence the behaviour of students with regard to cell phone usage, the emotional affinity towards their cell phones and determine the attitude and etiquette followed using cell phones among students. Material and methods: The present study is a cross sectional survey conducted among all the students enrolled in the entry level courses in the Gulf Medical University using a self administered questionnaire, after obtaining an approval from the University Ethics Committee. Data collected was entered in Excel worksheet and analysed using SPSS 20 version. Results and conclusion: The study showed differences between age groups, gender, nationality and number of cell phones used in the reasons for possessing cell phones, emotional affinity, dependence and attitude towards them. These were generally not significant except for fights with parents over talk time and phone bills that were significantly * Corresponding author. Tel. : +0-000-000-0000 ; fax: +0-000-000-0000 . http://dx.doi. org/10.15405/epsbs.2014. 05.3 The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences eISSN: 2357-1330 European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences eISSN: 2357-1330 6-19 7 higher amongst Middle Eastern students and fights over poor academic performance were more in ≤ 18 years age. Differences in the responses received for the etiquettes observed by cell phone users were not significant, except for the avoidance of intimate conversations in public which was more observed by those in age group ≤18 years. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Cognitive – crcs under responsibility of the Author(s).
A Concise Appraisal of Cameroon’s Hazard Risk Profile: Multi-Hazard Inventories, Causes, Consequences and Implications for Disaster Management

The paucity of a comprehensive document on Cameroon’s hazard/disaster risk profile is a limitation to the country wide risk assessment and adequate disaster resilience. This article narrows this gap by retrospectively exploring Cameroon’s hazard/disaster profile. This has been achieved through an investigative approach that applies a set of qualitative methods to derive and articulate an inventory and analysis of hazards/disasters in Cameroon. The findings indicate that Cameroon has a wide array and high incidence/frequency of hazards that have had devastating consequences. The hazards have been structured along four profiles: a classification of all hazard types plaguing Cameroon into natural, potentially socio-natural, technological, and social and anthropogenic hazards; occurrence/origin of the hazards; their impacts/effects to the ‘at risk’ communities/populace and potential disaster management or mitigation measures. In-depth analysis indicate that natural hazards have the lowest frequency but the potential to cause the highest fatalities in a single incident; potentially socio-natural hazards affect the largest number of people and the widest geographical areas, technological hazards have the highest frequency of occurrence; while social/anthropogenic hazards are the newest in the country but have caused the highest population displacement. Arguably, the multi-hazard/disaster inventory presented in this article serves as a vital preliminary step to a more comprehensive profile of Cameroon’s disaster risk profile.