Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High dimensionality of the stability of a marine benthic ecosystem

Stability is a central property of complex systems and encompasses multiple dimensions such as resistance, resilience, recovery, and invariability. How these dimensions correlate among them is focus of recent ecological research; yet, empirical evidence at regional scales, at which conservation decisions are usually made, remains absent. Using a field-based manipulative experiment conducted in two marine intertidal regions, we analyse the correlations among different aspects of stability in functioning (community cover) and composition of local communities facing a press disturbance. The experiment involved the removal of the local space-dominant species for 35 months in eight sites under different environmental regimes in northern- and southern-central Chile (ca. 30ºS and 40ºS, respectively). After the disturbance, the magnitude of the initial responses and the recovery patterns were similar among communities dominated by different species, but varied between the functional and compositional response variables, and among four dimensions of stability. The recovery trajectories in function and composition remained mostly uncorrelated across the system. Yet, larger initial functional responses were associated with faster recovery trajectories—high functional resilience, in turn, was associated with both, high and low variability in the pattern of recovery. Finally, the compositional stability dimensions were independent from each other. The results suggest that varying community compositions can perform similar levels of functioning, which might be the result of strong compensatory dynamics among species competing for space in these communities. Knowledge of several, and sometimes orthogonal, aspects of stability is mandatory to fully describe the stability of complex ecological systems.
Effect of green human resource management practices on environmental sustainability

In today’s world, green human resource management is one of the most important factors in forward-thinking your environment-friendly business. Most of the researchers are of the view that employees must be empowered and environmentally aware of greening while carrying out green human resource management practices. The present study is examining the impact of different Green human resource practices on environmental behavior directly or indirectly via Pro-environmental behavior. The data is collected through questionnaire from the educational institutions in Baltistan region. The sample size is 300 employees of public universities. A Structure Equation Modeling is utilized to obtain the relationships between the variables. The results show that green human resource management practices have a strong direct impact on Environmental sustainability while the indirect relationship between green environmental training and sustainable environment through a mediator “pro-environmental behavior”. The results illustrate that Green Performance Management and Appraisal has a positive (β=0.27), Green Reward and Compensation and environmental sustainability which again shows a positive (β=0.14) and significant impact of Green Reward and Compensation on environmental sustainability. Green Training and Development also shows a positive (β=0.29) and Green Training and Development has a positive and significant relationship. The results suggest that the mediator does not sensitize environmental sustainability. The study suggests that Public Sector universities need to train and compensate their employee to reduce environmental degradation and make their contribution to the sustainability of the environment.
Exploring Temperament in Beluga Whale Calves ( Delphinapterus leucas )

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv DEDICATION . vii LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xii CHAPTER I – Introduction . 1 What is temperament? 1 Behavioral Patterns Throughout the Lifespan . 1 Defining Temperament and Personality in Humans . 2 Measuring Temperament in Humans and Human Infants . 4 Human Studies of Temperament in Early Childhood . 5 The Five Factor Model of Adult Personality . 7 Temperament and Personality in Animals . 8 Rating temperament or personality in animals . 9 Challenges to Behavioral Assessments in both Animals and Humans . 11 Personality Studies in Animals . 15 Beluga Calf Behavior . 21 Human and Non-Human Primate Attachment and Behavioral Influences . 23 ix Infant Socialization and Maternal Styles in Cetaceans . 25 Infant Socialization and Maternal Styles in Beluga Whales . 28 The Current Study . 29 CHAPTER II – METHODS . 31 Subjects . 31 Facility . 32 Procedure . 33 Video Selection . 34 Coding Beluga Behavior . 35 Determining Temperament Scales . 42 Reliability . 43 CHAPTER III RESULTS . 45 Patterns of Behavior in a Beluga Calf Population . 45 Individual Patterns of Behavior in Beluga Whale Calves . 59 CHAPTER IV – Discussion. 70 APPENDIX A – IACUC Approval Letter . 87 REFERENCES . 88
In vivo imaging correlates of long-term behavioural outcome following different brain insults

i Samenvatting . v List of abbreviations . ix Chapter 1. Rationale and objectives . 1 Chapter 2. Introduction . 11 1. Epilepsy. 13 1.1. Definition and epidemiology . 13 1.2. Aetiology . 14 1.3. ECM and epilepsy . 14 1.3.
MEASUREMENTS OF BURNOUT CONDITIONS FOR FLOW OF BOILING WATER IN VERTICAL ROUND DUCTS. PART 2

S>The results of the second phase of an experimental investigation of burnout conditions for flow of boiling water in vertical round ducts are presented. Eight hundred and nine burnout measurements were obtained. The results are presented in diagrams, where for a certain geometry, the burnout steam qualities, x/sub BO/, were plotted against the pres sure with the surface heat flux as parameter. The data were correlated by curves, and the scatter around the curves is less than plus or minus 5%. In the ranges investigated, the observed steam quality at burnout, xso, generally decreased with increasing heat flux and mass velocity but increased with increasing pressure. The data were compared with the empirical correlation by Tong and excellent agreement was found for pressures higher than 10 kg/cm/sup 2/. (auth)
Cambios florísticos inducidos por la frecuencia de fuego en el Chaco Serrano.

Floristic changes induced by fire frequency in Chaco Serrano. The Sierras Chicas from Cordoba is the mountain range with the highest fire frequency in central Argentina. However, the response to fire frequency of Chaco Serrano plant communities has not yet been assessed. Based on 23-year fire history, we surveyed all vascular plants in unburned, low and high fire frequency sites in the Chaco Serrano district located on Sierras Chicas from Cordoba. We found that fire frequency induces changes in vegetation structure, plant richness, and composition. Specifically, we observed a decrease in total plant richness at sites with a higher number of fire events. All life forms showed decreases in richness to the effects of fire, except the graminoids that showed no changes. In addition, we recorded a change in the species composition between the burned sites (both frequencies) and unburned sites, evidenced through the emergence of indicator species that define both conditions. These results indicate that fire is a strong ecological process that shapes plant communities, selecting species with life history traits (i.e., resprouting and lifespan) that confer adaptative value to new environmental conditions imposed by the regime of high fire frequency.
Recent Advances on Hydrogenic Retention in ITER's Plasma-Facing Materials: BE, C, W.

Management of tritium inventory remains one of the grand challenges in the development of fusion energy and the choice of plasma-facing materials is a key factor for in-vessel tritium retention. The Atomic and Molecular Data Unit of the International Atomic Energy Agency organized a Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on the overall topic of tritium inventory in fusion reactors during the period 2001-2006. This dealt with hydrogenic retention in ITER's plasma-facing materials, Be, C, W, and in compounds (mixed materials) of these elements as well as tritium removal techniques. The results of the CRP are summarized in this article together with recommendations for ITER. Basic parameters of diffusivity, solubility and trapping in Be, C and W are reviewed. For Be, the development of open porosity can account for transient hydrogenic pumping but long term retention will be dominated by codeposition. Codeposition is also the dominant retention mechanism for carbon and remains a serious concern for both Be and C containing layers. Hydrogenic trapping in unirradiated tungsten is low but will increase with ion and neutron damage. Mixed materials will be formed in a tokamak and these can also retain significant amounts of hydrogen isotopes. Oxidative and photon-based techniques for detritiation ofmore » plasma-facing components are described. « less
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE APPROPRIATE STRATEGIES USED BY LECTURERS IN THE TEACHING OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN UNIVERSITIES IN RIVERS STATE

The study investigated entrepreneurship education and curriculum implementation strategies in universities in Rivers State. One research question guided the study whereas a hypothesis was tested. The study adopted the descriptive design. The population of the study were the entrepreneurial studies lecturers in the three public universities in Rivers State. A sample size of 30 lecturers from entrepreneurship and business related departments/faculties were purposively sampled in the three universities in Rivers State namely: University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State University and Ignatius Ajuru University of Education. The validated questionnaire instrument used for the study had a reliability index of 0.81, using Cronbach alpha statistical test. Mean was used to analyse the data to address the research question, whereas t-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. Findings of the study revealed that ‘group project’, ‘case study’ and ‘assigning projects to students and supporting them’ are the most appropriate strategies for teaching entrepreneurship at the undergraduate level. Recommendations made among others include that: adequate funds should be provided for universities and other higher institutions in order to enable them provide infrastructures and manpower requirements for effective implementation of entrepreneurship education curriculum, universities authorities should workout modalities for institutionalizing activity-based and pragmatic methods of learning entrepreneurship with a view to maximizing the benefits inherent in entrepreneurship.
A Genetic Perspective of 2019-nCoV in Relation to Cross Species Transmission

Coronaviruses have caused two large scale pandemics severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in last two decades. It was thought that SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV) is mainly found in bats. Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans. The current outbreak of viral pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel coronavirus designated 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization, as determined by sequencing the viral RNA genome. Many initial patients were exposed to wildlife animals at the Huanan seafood wholesale market, where poultry, snake, bats, and other farm animals were also sold. Here we have taken an attempt to understand the genetic structure of 2019-nCoV and subsequent sequence analysis of multiple regions of its genome to identify unique motifs, receptor binding domain, hypervariable region which may direct some insight to future research for developing effective treatment against this novel coronavirus. We have identified unique motif in spike protein, multiple hypervariable regions, amino acids polymorphism in ORF8. These may affect the conformation of the peptide and shed some light to cross species transmission, and subsequent host adaptation.
Effects of vermicompost and PK on growth and protein content of spinach (Spinacia oleracia L.)

Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control. Highest height (23.55 cm), leaf area (80.88 cm2/plant), fresh weight (3.838 g/plant) and dry weight (0.274 g/plant) were maximum in VC15P20K30, VC15P30K30, VC10P20K30 and VC10P10K40, respectively, while leaf number was almost same in all the plants. Highest protein content (24.61%) was obtained in the treatment VC15P10K20. Highest dry matter of leaf was obtained at VC10P10K40, but the highest protein content was at VC15P10K20 which might be due to dilution effect. Similar values of protein content were obtained in treatments VC5P20K30, VC5P20K40, VC5P30K20, VC15P10K40, VC15P20K30 and VC15P30K20. Maximum value of nitrogen, phosphorous (1.621%) and potassium (4.066%) were obtained in treatments VC5P20K20 and VC10 P30 K40, VC15 P10 K20, respectively.
Botryosphaeria species on Quercus spp. and other woody hosts: taxonomy and phylogeny

The genus Botryosphaeria is well known by the species that cause disease in a wide range of plant hosts. The taxonomy of Botryosphaeria and associated anamorph genera as well as of the species has been confused in the past. In this work, Botryosphaeria species occurring on Quercus spp. and other woody hosts were characterised on the basis of morphology and nucleotide sequence data from single or multiple genes. Using this approach it was possible to clarify taxonomic uncertainties related to some known species and also to identify and describe new species. Through a study of the type species of Dothiorella this genus was reinstated to accommodate anamorphs of Botryosphaeria with brown, one-septate conidia. This was further supported by phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analyses of combined multi-gene sequence data supported the genera Diplodia and Lasiodiplodia as distinct. It was shown that conidial striations are not a taxonomically meaningful character to separate both genera, and that Lasiodiplodia is distinguished from Diplodia by the presence of paraphyses. The PCR-based methods ARDRA, MSP-PCR and rep-PCR were used to discriminate between species of the genus Botryosphaeria as well as associated anamorphic species. The ARDRA procedure allowed for the differentiation of 10 species while MSP-PCR and rep-PCR allowed a clear identification of 24 species. These methods provide simple and rapid procedures that can be used for routine identification of Botryosphaeria isolates at the species level. MSP-PCR and rep-PCR also proved useful to study intraspecific variability. A molecular systematic analysis of the family Botryosphaeriaceae was performed using multi-gene sequence data. The genus Botryosphaeria sensu lato was shown to be paraphyletic, and composed of different phylogenetic lineages. These represent distinct genera which are characterised essentially on the basis of morphological features of the anamorphs. The genus Melanops was reinstated to accommodate a species previously included in Botryosphaeria. The position of the Botryosphaeriaceae within the higher classification of Ascomycetes could not be indubitably established. Given the current data it is envisaged that this family should be included in a new order distinct from the Pleosporales and Dothideales.
The Development Prospect of English Translation Software Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology

At present, information technology has developed by leaps and bounds. In particular, some advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence technology and computer technology have been widely used in all aspects of social production and life. How to effectively use artificial intelligence technology to solve problems in translation is the ultimate purpose of this paper. This paper first introduces the development of computer translation. Secondly, the paper mainly introduces the basic principle and system composition of the case based machine translation. On the basis of the above research, a simple english-chinese machine translation system is explored to realize the help of computer-aided translation to domestic teaching. The basic process is to extract the key words from the English sentences or sentence fragments input by the user or the system, and search the sentences containing the key words by the key words, so as to obtain the possible translation of examples. Finally, the realization, experimental results and evaluation of the translation system are introduced. The development prospect of English translation software is analyzed from the experimental results.
Evidence on Efforts to Mitigate the Negative Educational Impact of Past Disease Outbreaks

Helpdesk reports are commissioned by the UK Department for International Development and other Government departments, but the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of DFID, the UK Government, K4D or any other contributing organisation. For further information, please contact helpdesk@k4d.info. Evidence on efforts to mitigate the negative educational impact of past disease outbreaks
To Evaluate Preference of Parents Sending Their Children to Public or Private Schools in District Karak.

The study focused on evaluating preference of parents sending their children to public or private schools in District Karak. Objective of the study was to find out parental preference for the areas of academic standard, quality of staff, physical facilities, curriculum, cost-effectiveness, and quality of output. All the parents whose children were studying in private or public schools in District Karak were included in the population. There are three tehsils in District Karak. A total of 900 parents (300 from each tehsil) were included in the sample. Data was collected through a self-developed questionnaire. Content validity of the questionnaire was obtained through experts’ judgement and reliability through Cronbach Alpha formula which was 0.75. The data was obtained in three categories, Public School, Private School, Don’t know and was analyzed through statistical technique of Chi-square. Findings of the study were: parents of public schools’ children favored public schools whereas parents of private schools’ children favored private schools for areas of academic performance, quality of staff, commitment of staff, standard of curriculum, and confidence level of students; parents of both public and private schools’ children favored public schools for teachers qualification, and physical facilities; parents of both public and private schools’ children favored private schools for the area of expensiveness of education. Recommendations of the study were: the government may prepare fee and admission policy, and availability of physical facilities in private schools; the government may provide financial assistance to private schools for monthly salaries to teachers; modalities may be prepared to make teachers of public schools more punctual and regular. private sector there is an trend private and public sector schools this area. Parents have been observed rushing towards different private schools for admission of their children. Focus of the study was to explore whether parents think that private schools provide quality education as compared to public schools. The study may help in finding out the areas of improvement which have made private schools more attractive for students and their parents.
Multilevel Targeting of Canine Adenovirus Type 2 (CAV2) to Expand Oncolytic Virotherapy in Canine Tumors

ii Acknowledgments. v List of Figures . x List of Tables . xii List of Abbreviations . xiii CHAPTER 1 . 1 Review of Literature . 1 1.1 Introduction . 1 1.1.1 Oncolytic virotherapy in cancer . 3 1.2 Adenovirus structure and biology . 5 1.2. 1 CAV2 structure and biology . 8 1.3 Adenovirus genome and gene transcription . 10 1.4 Adenovirus genome replication . 14 1.5 Adenovirus genome packaging . 17 1.6 Generation of adenoviral vectors . 19 1.6. 1 Replication-deficient adenoviral vectors . 19 1.6. 2 Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) . 22 1.7 Construction of adenoviruses . 23 1.8 Adenovirus cell entry . 25 1.9 Requirement of transductional targeting of adenoviruses . 30
Nutrient and sediment losses to streams after intervention of Eucalyptus plantations

The forestry industry is known for negatively affecting stream quality when proper management is not applied. Nutrient retention by soils and streamside vegetation buffer strips could attenuate these impacts. We tested the response of different streams to the nutrients and sediments released by a) fertilization and b) clear-cutting of Eucalyptus globulus plantations growing on volcanic soils in southern Chile. We expected the exports to decrease as the remnant streamside native forest width (SNFW) increased. The response to fertilization was restricted to the days immediately after the nutrient addition. On the contrary, most of the nutrients analysed (nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic nitrogen, phosphate, and total phosphorus) showed a long-term response to clear-cutting. The observed trends were not affected by the SNFWs included in this study (2.5-22 m). Regarding sediments, there were no differences compared to the control watershed, probably due to improvements in the implemented management practices. We conclude that a SNFW < 22 m is not sufficient to avoid the loss of nutrients released by clear-cutting, as it is for sediments. The analysed SNFWs were smaller than those established by Chilean regulations (maximum 30 m) and our results support claims for wider riparian widths in order to effectively filter the nutrients and sediments that influence streams.
Influence of attitudes toward wildlife on preferences for management of American black bears

Abstract Applying an integrative approach incorporating attitudes toward wildlife in general and toward a specific species (American black bear [Ursus americanus]) can help land managers make decisions about the complex issue of human–bear interactions. The purpose of our study was to (1) assess park visitors’ attitudes toward wildlife, black bears, and possible management actions related to black bears in a park setting; (2) identify the impact of general attitudes toward wildlife and specific attitudes toward black bear on park visitors’ support for various black bear management actions; and (3) to examine whether visitor demographics affect their support for management actions. From March through September 2013, 364 visitors to the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (a unit of the U.S. National Park Service located in the southeastern United States) completed a survey, resulting in a 72% response rate. Park visitors generally expressed a positive attitude toward wildlife education and enjoyment of seeing wildlife, while they were more polarized on the importance of wildlife management and their appreciation of wildlife through hunting. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that park visitors’ attitudes were better predictors of support for management than were their demographic characteristics. Park visitors who agreed that “people appreciate wildlife through hunting” and “bears are a threat to people” were likely to accept lethal management actions. Their attitudes toward hunting in general were the most significant predictors of acceptance of lethal management actions. Park visitors’ positive attitudes toward black bear conservation and acceptance of the current number of black bears in the park were predictors of their acceptance of non-lethal management actions. The number of human–bear interactions in the park currently is small; and this proactive study expands possible management options with the intent of preventing and minimizing human–bear conflicts in a protected area where people recreate and wildlife coexists.