Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elizabeth Usher memorial lecture: Beyond our practice borders—using a biopsychosocial framework to improve long-term outcomes for people living with aphasia

Abstract Purpose: Over 140 000 Australians live with aphasia after stroke, with this number of people living with aphasia increasing significantly when aphasia arising from traumatic brain injury, neoplasm, and infectious and progressive neurological diseases is also included. The resulting communication disability frequently compromises every aspect of daily life, significantly impacting everyday activity, employment, social participation, mental health, identity, and family functioning. Rehabilitation services rarely meet the needs of this group who have, for example, poorer healthcare outcomes than stroke peers without aphasia, nor address long-term recovery and support needs. Method: In this discussion paper, I argue that given the broad impacts of aphasia, a biopsychosocial approach to aphasia rehabilitation is required. Rehabilitation must include: interventions to improve the communication environment; programs that directly target identity, wellbeing, and mental health; and therapies focusing on functional activity, communication participation, and long-term self-management. Result: The evidence for these approaches is mounting and includes strongly stated consumer needs. I discuss the need for multidisciplinary involvement and argue that for speech-language pathologists to achieve such comprehensive service provision, an expanded scope of practice is required. Conclusion: There is a need to rethink standard therapy approaches, timeframes, and funding mechanisms. It is time to reflect on our practice borders to ask what must change and define how change can be achieved.
Towards the treatment of moving targets with scanned proton beams

Many cancer patients receive radiotherapy at some stage of treatment. In radiotherapy, the patient is irradiated with high-energy X-ray radiation. In the past few years, proton therapy has gained in popularity, as it is in principle able to cause the same damage to tumours as with X-ray radiation, while reducing damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. While many of the recently established proton therapy centres are equipped with the technology for providing modern, scanned proton therapy, treatment sites are still restricted to tumours with small or no motion during treatment, such as tumours in the brain, skull base and spine. Several methods have been proposed to allow treatment of mobile tumours. Extensive simulations have been run with the general conclusion that such treatments are possible. Less work has been done on the question whether these conclusions are reflected in experiments. The aim of this thesis is to provide answers to this question. Two motion mitigation methods have been studied: re-scanning and gating. In rescanning, motion effects are averaged by applying a treatment plan several times per fraction. The idea of gating is to suspend treatment if the tumour is too much out of its planned position. Both methods have been investigated in a homogeneous phantom. Variations in the dose distributions due to changes in the range of the proton beam are thus not incorporated. In discrete scanning, dose delivery is paused while re-positioning the proton beam on a discrete grid of dose delivery positions (spots). By choosing the right re-scanning method, motion of up to 1 cm peak-to-peak amplitude could be mitigated. For this purpose, a scanning system with fast energy modulation is required. The performance of gating depended not only on the amplitude of the residual motion but also on the target volume and the motion trajectory. Gating was only an effective technique to alleviate motion effects for a spherical target and regular motion. However, by combining gating and re-scanning, homogeneous dose distributions could be achieved. Since re-scanning and gating increase treatment time, a faster scanning technique, continuous scanning, has been investigated as well. The beam is switched off only for energy changes. It could be shown that this method delivers dose distributions comparable to discrete spot scanning. Motion mitigation by re-scanning was at least as effective as with discrete spot scanning and did not depend on the target volume. Continuous line scanning was employed to mimic passive scattering proton therapy with a scanning system. To this end, highly re-scanned plans were applied with a collimator and compensator. Motion of up to 1 cm could be alleviated. The intent of this approach is to offer both this simulated scattering and scanning proton therapy with a single system. Benefits include less neutron contamination and better conformity of the dose distributions.
HOMOLOGY OF THE CLASSICAL GROUPS OVER THE DYER

The action of the Dyer-Lashof algebra is computed on the homology of the infinite classical groups (including Spin), their classifying spaces, their homogeneous spaces, Im J, B Im J and BBSO. Some applications are given while applications by other authors appear elsewhere. 1. Introduction. In ? 2, we will show that the Dyer-Lashof algebra Si acts on the homology of the infinite classical groups (including Spin), their classifying spaces, their homogeneous spaces, Im J, B Im J and BBSO. In Theorem I of that section we will also list the basic properties of the Dyer-Lashof operations which will be used extensively in the sequel. In ? 3, we state Theorems 5, 6 and 7 which describe the action of the Dyer- Lashof algebra on H*(BU) and on H*(BU). From these three theorems we compute that si-algebra indecomposables of H* (BU), the algebra of XrR-Hopf algebra endomorphisms of H*(BU) and the action of S on H*(BU x Z) = H*(Q2BU) in ? 3. We postpone the proofs of Theorems 5, 6 and 7 to ? 8. The proof of Theorem 7 contains an algorithm for computing the action of the Dyer- Lashof algebra on H* (BU) (see Theorem 97) which we apply in the mod 2 case to compute this action in dimensions less than or equal to twenty. In ? 4, 5 and 6 we show that the results of ? 3 imply similar results for the action of 5? on the homology of the remaining classifying spaces of the classical groups, the classical groups and the homogeneous spaces of the classical groups, respectively. 6 also contains a discussion of the action of W? on H* (Spin) and H*(B Spin). In ? 7, we use the results of the preceding sections to investigate the
SUVmax Above 20 in 18F-FDG PET/CT at Initial Diagnostic Workup Associates with Favorable Survival in Patients with Cancer of Unknown Primary

Visual Abstract Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous entity with a limited prognosis. Novel prognostic markers are needed for patient stratification in prospective clinical trials exploring innovative therapies. Methods: In CUP patients treated at the West German Cancer Center Essen, the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT at the initial diagnostic workup was analyzed by comparing overall survival (OS) in patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT with those who did not. Results: Of 154 patients with a CUP diagnosis, 76 underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT at the initial diagnostic workup. The median overall survival (OS) of the full analysis set was 20.0 mo. Within the PET/CT subgroup, an SUVmax above 20 was associated with significantly superior OS (median OS, not reached vs. 32.0 mo; hazard ratio, 0.261; 95% CI, 0.095–0.713; P = 0.009). Conclusion: Our retrospective work shows that an SUVmax above 20 on 18F-FDG PET/CT at the initial diagnostic workup is a favorable prognostic factor in patients with CUP. This finding deserves further prospective studies for validation.
(Un)belonging at work: an overlooked ingredient of workplace health

Abstract Organizations offer activities and programmes to improve their employees’ health. These workplace health promotion (WHP) activities usually have an individualized and top-down focus, a low uptake among employees, and are perceived to be out of line with employees’ experiences and definitions of health. This paper follows up on studies that have broadened the focus of WHP by including social relations and delves deeper into how daily practices and experiences of (un)belonging at work relate to workplace health. Based on ethnographic research in two companies in the Netherlands, this paper analyses how (un)belonging is expressed and experienced by employees. The paper shows that employees define health at work as a social practice. It also demonstrates how dynamics at work shape different dimensions of (un)belonging that, in turn, affect employees’ perceived health at work. These findings indicate the importance of including (un)belonging in the workplace as an ingredient of WHP.
Force measurements on rising bubbles

The dynamics of millimetre-sized air bubbles rising through still water are investigated using ultrasound velocimetry combined with high-speed video. From measurements of speed and three-dimensional trajectories we calculate time-resolved precise drag and lift forces on the bubble, which give rise to planar zigzag and three-dimensional spiralling motion. Temporal correlations of forces and the oscillatory bubble motions, particularly the lift force, emphasize the importance of the wake vortices found in previous studies.
The potential role and mechanism of circRNA/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis

Cholesterol levels are an initiating risk factor for atherosclerosis. Many genes play a central role in cholesterol synthesis, including HMGCR, SQLE, HMGCS1, FDFT1, LSS, MVK, PMK, MVD, FDPS, CYP51, TM7SF2, LBR, MSMO1, NSDHL, HSD17B7, DHCR24, EBP, SC5D, DHCR7, IDI1/2. Especially, HMGCR, SQLE, FDFT1, LSS, FDPS, CYP51, and EBP are promising therapeutic targets for drug development due to many drugs have been approved and entered into clinical research by targeting these genes. However, new targets and drugs still need to be discovered. Interestingly, many small nucleic acid drugs and vaccines were approved for the market, including Inclisiran, Patisiran, Inotersen, Givosiran, Lumasiran, Nusinersen, Volanesorsen, Eteplirsen, Golodirsen, Viltolarsen, Casimersen, Elasomeran, Tozinameran. However, these agents are all linear RNA agents. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may have longer half-lives, higher stability, lower immunogenicity, lower production costs, and higher delivery efficiency than these agents due to their covalently closed structures. CircRNA agents are developed by several companies, including Orna Therapeutics, Laronde, and CirCode, Therorna. Many studies have shown that circRNAs regulate cholesterol synthesis by regulating HMGCR, SQLE, HMGCS1, ACS, YWHAG, PTEN, DHCR24, SREBP-2, and PMK expression. MiRNAs are essential for circRNA-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis. Notable, the phase II trial for inhibiting miR-122 with nucleic acid drugs has been completed. Suppressing HMGCR, SQLE, and miR-122 with circRNA_ABCA1, circ-PRKCH, circEZH2, circRNA-SCAP, and circFOXO3 are the promising therapeutic target for drug development, specifically the circFOXO3. This review focuses on the role and mechanism of the circRNA/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis in the hope of providing knowledge to identify new targets.
Bayesian Uncertainty Modeling for P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface

P300 potential is important to cognitive neuroscience research, and has also been widely applied in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). To detect P300, many neural network models, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have achieved outstanding results. However, EEG signals are usually high-dimensional. Moreover, since collecting EEG signals is time-consuming and expensive, EEG datasets are typically small. Therefore, data-sparse regions usually exist within EEG dataset. However, most existing models compute predictions based on point-estimate. They cannot evaluate prediction uncertainty and tend to make overconfident decisions on samples located in data-sparse regions. Hence, their predictions are unreliable. To solve this problem, we propose a Bayesian convolutional neural network (BCNN) for P300 detection. The network places probability distributions over weights to capture model uncertainty. In prediction phase, a set of neural networks can be obtained by Monte Carlo sampling. Integrating the predictions of these networks implies ensembling. Therefore, the reliability of prediction can be improved. Experimental results demonstrate that BCNN can achieve better P300 detection performance than point-estimate networks. In addition, placing a prior distribution over the weight acts as a regularization technique. Experimental results show that it improves the robustness of BCNN to overfitting on small dataset. More importantly, with BCNN, both weight uncertainty and prediction uncertainty can be obtained. The weight uncertainty is then used to optimize the network through pruning, and the prediction uncertainty is applied to reject unreliable decisions so as to reduce detection error. Therefore, uncertainty modeling provides important information to further improve BCI systems.
Atmospheric Rotors and Severe Turbulence in a Long Deep Valley

AbstractThe conceptual model of an atmospheric rotor is reexamined in the context of a valley, using data from the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) conducted in 2006 in the southern Sierra Nevada and Owens Valley, California. All T-REX cases with strong mountain-wave activity have been investigated, and four of them (IOPs 1, 4, 6, and 13) are presented in detail. Their analysis reveals a rich variety of rotorlike turbulent flow structures that may form in the valley during periods of strong cross-mountain winds. Typical flow scenarios in the valley include elevated turbulence zones, downslope flow separation at a valley inversion, turbulent interaction of in-valley westerlies and along-valley flows, and highly transient mountain waves and rotors. The scenarios can be related to different stages of the passage of midlatitude frontal systems across the region. The observations from Owens Valley show that the elements of the classic rotor concept are modulated and, at times, almost completely offset .
Data and Approaches for Determining Hail Risk in the Contiguous United States

Abstract Rapidly increasing hail damages to property have brought average annual losses to $1.2 billion (in 1997-adjusted dollars) during the 1990s; this rise in loss exposure has created great concern in the insurance industry and has led to efforts to define the hail risk across the nation. Since the property industry has not kept hail loss records, it must rely on available climatological data supplemented by data from field studies to assess hail risk. Hail risk at a point or over an area is a function of the target at risk (property or crop) and the hail frequency and intensity. Newly available climatological data based on historical hail records collected by the National Weather Service since 1900 have enhanced the ability to assess point risk. Some spatial risk assessments have combined point averages of hail-day frequencies with hailstone sizes to define risk, and others also employed hailstone volume (mass of ice) and wind associated with hail, based on data from field projects. Those seeking to .
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra of Irradiated Finger-nails: A Possible Measure of Accidental Exposure

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a significant technique in both dating and dosimetry. Radicals, formed by ionising radiation, are trapped within rigid solids (bone or tooth enamel) and have «infinite» life-rimes. These are of use in dating materials provided saturation has not been reached. However radicals in fingernails decay over a period of a few weeks. Hence nails have been dismissed as a method of dating. Our aim is to suggest that in human accidents, where hand exposure is suspected, nail parings might be useful and convenient. The radicals give an EPR singlet which decays at ambient temperature (half-life about 300 h). No decay is observed below 200 K, and hence nail parings taken shortly after exposure can be stored for long periods. Such nails are exposed to a range of doses, and the decay of the resulting signal is then studied. There is always a background signal, but this can be estimated after decay of the radiation induced signal and hence by extrapolation the unknown initial dose can be estimated. Preliminary results show that doses ≥ 2 Gy can be estimated
Better-quasi-orders : extensions and abstractions

We generalise the notion of �-scattered to partial orders and prove that some large classes of �-scattered partial orders are better-quasi-ordered under embeddability. This generalises theorems of Laver, Corominas and Thomass�e regarding �-scattered linear orders, �-scattered trees, countable pseudo-trees and N-free partial orders. In particular, a class of countable partial orders is better-quasi-ordered whenever the class of indecomposable subsets of its members satis�es a natural strengthening of better-quasi-order. We prove that some natural classes of structured �-scattered pseudo-trees are betterquasi- ordered, strengthening similar results of K�r���z, Corominas and Laver. We then use this theorem to prove that some large classes of graphs are better-quasi-ordered under the induced subgraph relation, thus generalising results of Damaschke and Thomass�e. We investigate abstract better-quasi-orders by modifying the normal de�nition of better-quasi-order to use an alternative Ramsey space rather than exclusively the Ellentuck space as is usual. We classify the possible notions of well-quasi-order that can arise by generalising in this way, before proving that the corresponding notion of better-quasi-order is closed under taking iterated power sets, as happens in the usual case. We consider Shelah's notion of better-quasi-orders for uncountable cardinals, and prove that the corresponding modi�cation of his de�nition using fronts instead of barriers is equivalent. This gives rise to a natural version of Simpson's de�nition of better-quasiorder for uncountable cardinals, even in the absence of any Ramsey-theoretic results. We give a classi�cation of the fronts on [�]! , providing a description of how far away a front is from being a barrier.
Comparison and commutability study among four faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) systems

Abstract Objectives Faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT) are used in colorectal cancer screening programs around the world and increasingly for triage of symptomatic patients. FIT results are currently not traceable to a common reference standard and results obtained on various FIT systems may not be equivalent. The size of the bias between the systems is difficult to quantify due to the complex pre-analytical aspects of FIT. Methods This study aimed to quantify the bias and the correlation between four FIT systems by measuring a panel of 38 faecal samples while limiting the effect of the pre-analytical aspects. In addition, the commutability of seven candidate reference materials (RM) was assessed. Results Pairwise method comparisons based on faecal samples demonstrated Pearson correlation coefficients ranging between 0.944 and 0.970 and an average proportional bias of −30 to −35 % for one FIT system compared to the other three. The relative standard deviation among biases of the individual samples was around 20 %. Due to these sample specific differences, no decisive conclusions could be drawn in the commutability study. However, two candidate RMs, prepared in the FIT system-specific storage/extraction buffers, had a better commutable profile than the other five. Conclusions The use of a common threshold for all FIT systems is currently not possible due to the presence of a proportional bias. We have identified potential commutable RMs to take to further studies on the production of a common calibrator, with the aim being to reduce the analytical bias observed on different FIT systems.
Molecular epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolutionary relationships of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of different avian origins in Qingdao, China, using whole-genome sequencing

Abstract Introduction To understand the prevalence of avian methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the current status of drug resistance in Qingdao, a comprehensive molecular epidemiological investigation and analysis of evolutionary relationships of MRSA isolates from broiler and layer chickens and waterfowl was conducted. Material and Methods One hundred and two avian MRSA strains were identified by multi-locus sequence typing, staphylococcal protein A (spa) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and whole-genome sequencing. Results The sequence type (ST) 9-t899-SCCmec IVb type represented the highest proportion of avian-derived MRSA strains (71.57%), with ST398 type strains occasionally observed in broilers and waterfowl. The poultry-derived MRSA strains were all resistant to eight or more antimicrobials. Avian-derived MRSA strains carried 20 resistance genes, 109 virulence genes and 10 plasmids. Strains carrying the cfr oxazolidinone resistance gene were occasionally seen in broiler- and layer-derived MRSA. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) core genome evolution and locus difference analysis showed that the closest strains were all of ST9-t899 type (to which also affiliated the highest number of strains) and this type occurred on all three kinds of poultry farm, but the SNP difference loci between strains of the same type ranged from 0 to 1472. Conclusion The dominant type of MRSA from different poultry sources in Qingdao is ST9-t899-SCCmec IVb, which is commonly resistant to a variety of antimicrobial drugs and carries a variety of resistance genes and a large number of virulence genes. Sequence type 9-t899 type is widely spread among the three kinds of poultry investigated, but there are differences in affiliations.
MixMax: Leveraging Heterogeneous Batteries to Alleviate Low Battery Experience for Mobile Users

Despite the physical advance of an existing single-cell battery system, mobile users are still suffering from low battery anxiety. With a careful analysis of users' battery usage behavior collected for 19,855 hours, we propose a heterogeneous battery system, MixMax, consisting of three complementary battery types tailored to minimizing the low battery time. While composing a heterogeneous battery system opens up a chance to simultaneously improve the capacity and the charging speed, one must face non-trivial challenges to determine the ratio of enclosed batteries and charge/discharge policies during the run-time. They are highly dependent on each other, which entails almost infinite candidates for the choice. MixMax gracefully unwinds the dependencies as it formulates the decision-making problem into an optimization problem and decomposes it into multiple sub-problems instead. To evaluate MixMax, we fabricate coin-cell batteries and experiment with them to model an accurate battery emulator which sophisticatedly reproduces the dynamics of battery systems. Our experimental results demonstrate that MixMax can reduce the low battery time by up to 24.6% without compromising capacity, volume, weight, and more importantly, users' battery usage behavior. In addition, we prototype MixMax on a smartphone, presenting the practicality of MixMax on mobile systems.