Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of mitochondria-selective fluorescent probes on mitochondrial movement in Arabidopsis mesophyll cells evaluated by using the quantification.

Mitochondria-selective fluorescent probes such as MitoTracker are often used for mitochondria imaging in various plants. Although some of the probes are reported to induce mitochondria dysfunction in animal cells, the effect on plant cells remains to be determined. In the present study, we applied quantitative methods to analyze mitochondrial movement, speed frequency, and speed-angle changes, based on trajectory analysis of mitochondria in mesophyll protoplast cells of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing the mitochondria-localized fluorescent protein. Using the quantitative method, we assessed whether MitoTracker Red (FM and CMXRos) induce mitochondria dysfunction in A. thaliana. Although both the fluorescent probes well-stained mitochondria, the CMXRos probe, not the FM probe, gave a severe effect on mitochondrial movement at the low concentration (10 nM), indicating a MitoTracker-induced mitochondria dysfunction in A. thaliana. These results revealed that our quantitative method based on mitochondrial movement can be used to determine the appropriate concentrations of mitochondria-selective fluorescent probes in plants.
Growth and Crystallization of TiO2 Thin Films by Atomic Layer Deposition Using a Novel Amido Guanidinate Titanium Source and Tetrakis-dimethylamido-titanium

We studied the growth of TiO2 by liquid injection atomic layer deposition (ALD) utilizing two different amide-based titanium sources, tetrakis-dimethylamido-titanium [(NMe2)4-Ti, TDMAT] and its recently developed derivative, tris-(dimethylamido)-mono-(N,N′-diisopropyl-dimethyl-amido-guanidinato)-titanium {[(N-iPr)2NMe2]Ti(NMe2)3, TiA3G1}, with water vapor as counterreactant. A clear saturation of growth with an increasing precursor supply was found for TDMAT between 150 and 300 °C and for TiA3G1 between 150 and 330 °C. Representative growth per cycle (GPC) values at 250 °C were 0.041 and 0.044 nm/cycle, respectively. Compared to that of TDMAT, ALD of TiA3G1 exhibited a significantly higher stability in the GPC values up to 300 °C coinciding with an improved temperature stability of the precursor. Both processes showed a minimum of the growth rate as a function of temperature. In all cases, the residual carbon and nitrogen contents of the TiO2 films were <3 atom %. Conformal growth was demonstrated on thre.
Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Rohitukine

The absolute configuration of rohitukine, isolated from the stem-bark of Dysoxylum binectariferum, was determined to be 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-8-[4-(3S, 4R-3-hydroxy-1-methyl) -piperidinyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one by X-ray crystallographic analysis on the crystal of 4-bromobenzoyl derivatives of rohitukine. At the same time, the modified Mosher'method was proved to be unsuitable for determining the absolute configuration of C-3’position in rohitukine.
Study of Biochar Properties by Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX)

ABSTRACT Biochar is a carbon-rich solid product obtained by pyrolysis of biomass. Here, we investigated multiple biochars produced under slow pyrolysis (235–800 °C), flash carbonization, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), using Scanning Electron Microscope—Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) in order to determine whether SEM-EDX can be used as a proxy to characterize biochars effectively. Morphological analysis showed that feedstock has an integrated structure compared to biochar; more pores were generated, and the size became smaller when the temperature increased. Maximum carbon content (max. C) and average carbon content (avg. C) obtained from SEM-EDX exhibited a positive relationship with pyrolysis temperature, with max. C correlating most closely with dry combustion total carbon content. The SEM-EDX O/C ratios displayed a consistent response with the highest treatment temperature (HTT). The study suggests that SEM-EDX produces highly consistent C, oxygen (O), and C/O ratios that deserve further investigation as an operational tool for characterization of biochar products.
Powder diffraction data and Rietveld refinement of Hägg-carbide, χ-Fe5C2

The structure and powder diffraction data of Hägg-carbide (χ-Fe5C2) have been redetermined and improved by X-ray diffraction. Experimental values of 2θ, corrected for systematic errors, relative peak intensities, lattice spacings, and the Miller indices of 27 observed reflections up to 100° 2θ are reported. The unit cell is monoclinic (space group C2/c, Z=4) with a=11.588 Å, b=4.579 Å, c=5.059 Å, and β=97.75°. The crystal structure has been refined by Rietveld analysis, resulting in Rwp=0.073.
IPO Waves, Product Market Competition, and the Going Public Decision: Theory and Evidence

We develop a new rationale for IPO waves based on product market considerations. Two firms, with differing productivity levels, compete in an industry with a significant probability of a positive productivity shock. Going public, though costly, not only allows a firm to raise external capital cheaply, but also enables it to grab market share from its private competitors. We solve for the decision of each firm to go public versus remain private, and the optimal timing of going public. In equilibrium, even firms with sufficient internal capital to fund their new investment may go public, driven by the possibility of their product market competitors going public. IPO waves may arise in equilibrium even in industries which do not experience a productivity shock. Our model predicts that firms going public during an IPO wave will have lower productivity and post-IPO profitability but larger cash holdings than those going public off the wave; it makes similar predictions for firms going public later versus earlier in an IPO wave. We empirically test and find support for these predictions.
Cesium salts of niobo-tungstate isopolyanions with intermediate group V–group VI character

Alkali metal salts of polyoxometalates (POMs) of the group VI elements (W and Mo) and polycoltanates (Nb and Ta POMs) exhibit opposing trends in their solubility in water and ion-association in solution. Mixed clusters of these two group V metals and tungsten provide an opportunity to probe the reversal in these trends and to understand their origin. A review of a classic study of mixed Nb/W clusters and our own work in Ta/W polyanions have led us to isolate Cs+/Na+ salt of [Nb4W2O19]6− and two salts, Cs+/Na+ and pure Cs+, of [Nb2W4O19]4− by using peroxoniobate ([Nb(O2)4]3−) instead of hexaniobate ([Nb6O19]8−) as the niobium source. Crystallographic analysis shows that Cs+-bonding to clusters increases with Nb-content, following the trend observed in our previous studies of hexaniobate in solution. Fragmentation by ESI-MS suggests that niobium-rich [Nb4W2O19]6− is less stable than isostructural [Nb2W4O19]4− and this technique, together with FTIR, confirms the predominance of the cis-isomer in the cluster structures. The mixed-metal composition of these isopolyanions is reflected in the crystallographic bond lengths and in the positions of the absorption bands in the UV spectra. DFT calculations reveal that the HOMO–LUMO energy gap widens with increasing Nb content in the cluster framework – an effect ascribed to the overall poorer mixing of Nb4d, versus W5d, atomic orbitals with the corresponding O2p orbitals.
Brackets bonding failure after in-office bleaching in vivo

The aim of this in vivo study was to determine the effect of high concentration 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent on metallic brackets bonding failure. Forty patients who received first orthodontic treatment phase, were included in this study. A split mouth technique was used; one arch exposed to in-office bleaching gel containing 35% hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes, while the unbleached arch served as the control. Patients were divided into four groups: First two groups, the brackets bonded 48 hours after bleaching while the third and fourth groups, brackets bonded 3 weeks after bleaching. The bracket failure was computed using independent T-test. The higher bracket failure occurs in mandibular bleached group 48 hours before bonding (18.33%) while the lowest bracket failure occurs in unbleached groups (1.67 %). Significant differences were showed in bracket failure between the mandibular bleached teeth 3 weeks before bonding and those 48 hours before bonding. Adhesive Remnant Index scores revealed that the majority of failure in bleached teeth occurred in the enamel/resin interface. The 48 hours bleached teeth before bonding significantly had a high bracket failure. We should increase the time lapse between bleaching and bonding procedure more than 3 weeks to improve the bracket bonding strength.
The potential for regional-scale bias in top-down CO2 flux estimates due to atmospheric transport errors

Author(s): Miller, SM; Fung, I; Liu, J; Hayek, MN; Andrews, AE | Abstract: Abstract. Estimates of CO2 fluxes that are based on atmospheric data rely upon a meteorological model to simulate atmospheric CO2 transport. These models provide a quantitative link between surface fluxes of CO2 and atmospheric measurements taken downwind. Therefore, any errors in the meteorological model can propagate into atmospheric CO2 transport and ultimately bias the estimated CO2 fluxes. These errors, however, have traditionally been difficult to characterize. To examine the effects of CO2 transport errors on estimated CO2 fluxes, we use a global meteorological model-data assimilation system known as "CAM–LETKF" to quantify two aspects of the transport errors: error variances (standard deviations) and temporal error correlations. Furthermore, we develop two case studies. In the first case study, we examine the extent to which CO2 transport uncertainties can bias CO2 flux estimates. In particular, we use a common flux estimate known as CarbonTracker to discover the minimum hypothetical bias that can be detected above the CO2 transport uncertainties. In the second case study, we then investigate which meteorological conditions may contribute to month-long biases in modeled atmospheric transport. We estimate 6 hourly CO2 transport uncertainties in the model surface layer that range from 0.15 to 9.6 ppm (standard deviation), depending on location, and we estimate an average error decorrelation time of ∼2.3 days at existing CO2 observation sites. As a consequence of these uncertainties, we find that CarbonTracker CO2 fluxes would need to be biased by at least 29%, on average, before that bias were detectable at existing non-marine atmospheric CO2 observation sites. Furthermore, we find that persistent, bias-type errors in atmospheric transport are associated with consistent low net radiation, low energy boundary layer conditions. The meteorological model is not necessarily more uncertain in these conditions. Rather, the extent to which meteorological uncertainties manifest as persistent atmospheric transport biases appears to depend, at least in part, on the energy and stability of the boundary layer. Existing CO2 flux studies may be more likely to estimate inaccurate regional fluxes under those conditions.
Metabolits of Fusarium solani

Ten compounds were isolated from the culture of Fusarium solani.On the basis of spectral data,they were identified as methylparaben(1),methyl salicylate(2),amyl salicylate(3),acetovanillone(4),androsin(5),2-methoxy-4-vinylphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(6),1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxylpalmitoylamino]-8-octadecene-1,3-diol(7),1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoylaino]-8-octadecene-1,3-diol(8),cerebroside D(9),and cerebroside C(10). Compound 6 was reported as a natural product and all of these compounds were obtained from Fusarium solani for the first time.
Sequestration of Ni(II) onto graphene oxide from synthetic wastewater as affected by coexisting constituents

AbstractThis article examines the sequestration of Ni(II) onto graphene oxide (GO) by an adsorption process using batch technique. The role of contact time, medium pH, and coexisting constituents like humic acid (HA) and/or fulvic acid (FA) in the adsorption of Ni(II) onto GO was studied. The results indicated that the adsorption of Ni(II) onto GO increased from ~20 to ~95% at pH 2.0–9.0, and then maintained the high level with increasing pH. Kinetic data showed that the adsorption obtained equilibrium quickly and was fitted well by the pseudo-second-order equation. The presence of HA/FA imposing a positive role Ni(II) adsorption onto GO was found at pH 8.0. The thermodynamic analysis from the temperature-dependent adsorption isotherms suggests that the adsorption of Ni(II) onto GO is spontaneous and endothermic. Experimental results provided evidence that the adsorption of Ni(II) onto GO was mainly attributed to surfa.
Social Networking Service as a Marketing Technology Tool and Sustainable Business in the Lodging Industry: Investigating the Difference across Older and Younger Age Groups among Tourists

Despite the importance of social networking services (SNSs), their engagement and their role as a critical marketing technology tool in explaining travellers’ approach behaviours are not well known. The present study investigated the influence of SNS engagement on traveller loyalty generation for a chain hotel brand and the health of this business by considering the roles of brand attitude, awareness, trust, and attachment and the impact of age. Fostering customers’ SNS engagement in the hospitality industry will be a vital constituent of hotels’ sustainable business. A quantitative process was used to meet the research objectives. The proposed research framework encompassing these variables was successfully developed. The framework’s efficiency in predicting brand loyalty was also demonstrated. Our results showed that SNS engagement considerably enhances loyalty and other study constructs. Attachment had a salient role in boosting loyalty. In addition, age had a moderating influence. The study constructs maximized the influence of SNS engagement on loyalty as mediators. Overall, our results considerably increase our understanding regarding the role of SNS engagement in the formation of traveller loyalty to chain hotel brands and the sustainability of such businesses.
Adsorption of Tetracycline Hydrochloride from Solutions Using Mesoporous Silica, MCM-48

Mesoporous silica with cubic structure (MCM-48) was synthesized using Ludox HS40 as silica source and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template. MCM-48 was used to adsorb the antibiotic of tetracycline hydrochloride. An X-ray diffractometer observed the x-ray diffraction pattern of MCM-48 and functional groups observed by a Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Parameters used to study adsorption were contact time and concentration. The pseudo-secondorder was the kinetic order that fitted well with the adsorption of tetracycline HCl. The adsorption of tetracycline HCl on MCM-48 followed the Freundlich isotherm with the adsorption capacity of 0.98 mg/g.
Preparation of MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles Via a Facile Water-Glycol Solvothermal Approach

A novel solvothermal method is demonstrated to synthesize paramagnetic MnFe2O4 nanoparticles with narrow size range around 25 nm. Fe2+ is used as iron source without adscititious oxidant, and the synthesis process is performed in water-glycol solvent. Some factors, including the reaction time, temperature, and surfactants, are investigated. The samples are characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and VSM. The experimental results indicate that ethylene glycol is a critical factor for controlling size and magnetic properties, and MnFe2O4 nanoparticles belong to paramagnetic material and their coercivity reduces from 54 to 22 Oe with the treatment time changed from 6 to 24 h at 160°C.
Using Insights from Teachers to Inform Online Professional Development in Early Literacy Instruction

ABSTRACT This thematic analysis utilizes teacher insights from their experiences in an online professional development (PD) course on early reading instruction to determine course design features educators perceive as being beneficial and questions and concerns educators raised during the course. We analyzed discussion forum contributions and course surveys from 418 educators enrolled in the course. We found that videos, interactive activities, and discussion forums were features of the online platform that fostered critical teacher reflection. Also, as teachers engaged with literacy content, they sought out new ways of understanding concepts of word analysis and invented spelling and reflected on how their course learning might apply to meeting the needs of diverse learners. Implications and design recommendations for future professional development courses in foundational reading are discussed.
CONTROLLED RELEASE OF THE CYTARABINE AND COLCHICINE USING HYDROGEL DERIVED FROM THE POLYMERIZED MICROEMULSON

Over the few decades, the nano - sized and nanoparticle drug delivery systems have found a wide range of application in the oral delivery of the chemotherapeutic drugs. Oral drug delivery allows for the controlled and continuous release of the dosage in response to the external stimuli such as pH, temperature. This method of dosage leads to a targeted delivery resulting in more accuracy, less dosage rates, and systematic variability of the dosage. Polymeric systems have gained wide range of attention in the drug delivery over the last decade as they have porous network structure with hydrophobic core and hydrophilic core. Biocompatible hydrogels have a great potential for drug delivery as they can encapsulate the drug and protect the loaded drug from the hostile environment in the stomach and can allow for the controlled release of the drug into the system.This research provides a convenient way of achieving targeted drug delivery by preparing a biocompatible hydrogels with controlled nanopore size distribution. The hydrogels are prepared from polymerization of the bicontinuous microemulsions containing water, Pluronic F88 surfactant and hydrophilic monomer Acrylic Acid (AA), Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) and hydrophobic monomer Methyl methacrylate (MMA), Ethyleneglycol dimethylmethacrylate (EGDMA) as coemulsifier. The drugs used in this research are the anticancer drugs, the hydrophilic Cytarabine (ara – C) and the hydrophobic Colchicine. These hydrogels when delivered orally achieve the targeted drug delivery, while the variations in the pH of the GI Tract contribute for the release of the dosage. The drug release profiles are studied by the simulated GI Tract solutions.The hydrogel prepared was pH responsive and can be used for the delivery of the anticancer drugs especially hydrophobic drugs. All the components in the hydrogel are FDA approved for oral drug delivery making it a biocompatible hydrogel. The polymer network of the hydrogel loaded with drug is studied to correlate the structure of the hydrogel to its reaction in different pH environments and observing the release of the model drug.
Experimental and Computational Studies of Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

Choline-chloride based deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been used for several different applications (e.g., solubility, electrochemistry, and purifications) due to their relative inexpensive and readily available nature. In this work, three choline chloride-based DESs are simulated using molecular dynamics to study the hydrogen bonding interactions of the system. Three hydrogen bond donors (HBD) are studied in order to determine the changes in the hydrogen bonding interactions when the HBD is different in the DES. One dicarboxylic acid and two polyols (with different number of OH groups) were chosen as the HBDs of interest. First, the simulations are validated by comparing simulated and experimental thermodynamic and transport properties, when possible. Then, for maline (choline chloride/malonic acid), the more anomalous system studied here, molecular simulations complement results obtained from an FTIR spectroscopic study in order to further understand this unique system. Good agreement with experimenta.
XANES measurements of Cr valence in olivine and their applications to planetary basalts

Abstract In this work we present a series of experiments that examine the relationship between oxygen fugacity and Cr valence ratio in olivine grown from a basaltic liquid. These experiments are specifically targeted for an olivine-rich martian basalt composition that was modeled after the bulk chemistry of the meteorite Yamato 980459 (i.e., Y-98). The chromium valence ratio in the olivine crystals was measured with X‑ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Results from the XANES measurements indicate that the ratio of divalent to trivalent Cr in the olivine is not only systematically correlated with fO2, but is also reflective of the molar Cr3+/Cr2+ in the silicate liquid from which it grew. In this way, measurements of Cr valence in olivine phenocrysts can yield important information about the oxygen fugacity and molar Cr3+/Cr2+ of its parental liquid in the absence of a quenched melt phase. Although the results from the experiments presented in this work specifically apply to the Y-98 parental melt, the concepts and XANES analytical techniques discussed within the text present a novel, generalized methodology that may be applicable to any olivine-bearing basalt. Furthermore, the XANES-based measurements are made on a micrometer-scale, thus potential changes of the Cr3+/Cr2+ in the melt during crystallization could be examined with a great deal of spatial detail.
Formulation development and evaluation of novel oral jellies of carbamazepine using pectin, guar gum, and gellan gum

Medicated jelly formulations are more suitable for pediatric, geriatric and dysphagic patients, which offer rapid dissolution and absorption of drugs thereby early onset of action. The aim was to develop and evaluate oral jelly formulations of carbamazepine (CBZ). Carbamazepine oral jellies were prepared to employ pectin, guar gum and gellan gum alone and pectin‐guar gum combination. Preformulation studies, organoleptic, physical characteristics, drug content, pH, spreadability, rheological properties, syneresis, taste masking, in vitro dissolution testing, drug release kinetics and stability studies were conducted. The Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimeter studies showed that there was no interaction between drug and excipients. The pH of all the formulations was found between pH 6.37 ± 0.03 and 6.83 ± 0.04. The concentration of gelling agents influenced the spreadability. Syneresis was observed in jellies made from guar gum alone, whereas those made from pectin and guar gum it was absent. The optimized formulations (F3, F11 and F15) masked the bitter taste of CBZ and demonstrated acceptable flavor and mouth feel. All formulations showed more than 50% drug release in 15 min except those made of gellan gum alone. The formulations F3, F11 and F15, were found stable for 90 days as per International Conference on Harmonization stability protocol. Carbamazepine jellies made from pectin (F3, 1.2%), gellan gum (F11, 1.5%) and pectin‐guar gum (F15, 1:0.4%) were found more successful and could be employed to improve the palatability and acceptability by pediatric, geriatric and dysphagic patients. The jellies could be useful to overcome the problems of poorly soluble CBZ. Key words: Carbamazepine, dysphagic patients, medicated jelly, natural polymers