Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Mode-Specific Classification Based on sEMG for User-Independent Locomotion Transition Recognition

The intelligent prostheses hold the promise of assisting disabled people for independent living. Locomotion recognition can allow the intelligent prostheses to work more efficiently. However, in previous studies, the locomotion recognition neglected different transition modes and usually required a burdensome training session before using. In this paper, the mode-specific classification strategy was used to distinguish seven locomotion modes, including four different transitions. This classifier was evaluated by classification accuracy with sEMG data from ten able-bodied participants. Additionally, the user-independent recognition was discussed. The result showed that the mode-specific classification strategy for seven-class classification improved the accuracy significantly compared to the baseline strategy for traditional three-class classification. The recognition accuracies of the proposed strategy were 99.86% with user-dependent method and 95.14% with user-independent method. Further, the user-dependent and user-independent classification strategies from the thigh achieved accuracies of over 95% and 80%, respectively. The recognition rate increased with the number of the participants included in the training session. In conclusion, the mode-specific classification obtained accurate recognition of locomotion modes, which is promising for further developed intelligent prostheses to assist disabled people.
Generation of CNN Architectures Using the Harmonic Search Algorithm and Its Application to Classification of Damaged Sewer

When used as an image processing method, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) cannot verify conditions that can achieve high performance; however, they show sufficiently high performance and are used in various fields. The architecture of a CNN and various parameters determine its performance, and it is impossible to verify the number of all cases that determine the performance of the CNN. Therefore, well-known CNN models are generally used. Recently, various methods for adjusting the parameters of CNNs or generating CNN architectures have been studied in various ways. Methods using metaheuristic algorithms often focus on parameter tuning, or the use of simple hierarchical architectures. This paper proposes a method to create a CNN model with a complex CNN architecture that can be applied to different datasets using the harmony search (HS) algorithm from among metaheuristic algorithms. This study aimed to generate a CNN architecture using fewer computing resources and to verify the results. To make the CNN model in units of cells, the internal and hierarchical architecture of the cell was created based on the learning of the CIFAR image dataset through HS, and the performance was confirmed by applying it to the classification of a damaged sewer pipe image dataset.
Concerns in using Segment Impedances for Estimation Body Composition in 8-polar Bioimpedance Measurement System

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a technique to estimate body composition. Eight-polar system is the most popular that considers the body consisting of five segments: arms, legs, and trunk. Even though there are commonly used measurement patterns to obtain these impedances, different measurement patterns can be used to obtain them as well. Furthermore, there are no distinct lines to divide the body into those segments. In this study, an investigation of different measurement patterns was performed. Fat content was simulated to observe the change of segment impedances. Results showed that the commonly-used measurement patterns were replaceable with some different patterns. The difference in impedance was less than 1%. However, some measurements should be avoided. It also found that adding fat in the outside regions of the arm and the leg segment resulted in less than 0.76% of impedance change of these impedances but adding outside the trunk region resulted in 8% of trunk impedance change, which is large. However, this was totally less than 1% of the total body impedance, which is ignorable.
Thermal Conductivity and Impact Resistance of Concrete Using Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Rubber

A large number of studies, experiments and practical test projects have been undertaken throughout the world to assess the modifications in the properties of concrete after addition of rubber aggregates. These rubber aggregates are used to replace fine or coarse aggregates in various proportions. This experimental investigation attempts to study the strength properties and non-destructive evaluation of rubberized concrete with coarse aggregates being partially replaced with rubber aggregates from recycled tyres, in order to assess its suitability for use in structural and non-structural components. Effort was also made to determine the change in thermal properties. It was learnt that the inclusion of rubber in concrete makes the material a better thermal insulator, having a lower coefficient of thermal conductivity. This lower thermal conductivity is a property which could be very useful for meeting energy conservation requirements. Attempt was also made to assess the impact resistance of rubberized concrete. A marked improvement in this property was also observed.
A New Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Localizer for Preoperative Language Mapping Using a Sentence Completion Task: Validity, Choice of Baseline Condition, and Test–Retest Reliability

To avoid post-neurosurgical language deficits, intraoperative mapping of the language function in the brain can be complemented with preoperative mapping with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The validity of an fMRI “language localizer” paradigm crucially depends on the choice of an optimal language task and baseline condition. This study presents a new fMRI “language localizer” in Russian using overt sentence completion, a task that comprehensively engages the language function by involving both production and comprehension at the word and sentence level. The paradigm was validated in 18 neurologically healthy volunteers who participated in two scanning sessions, for estimating test–retest reliability. For the first time, two baseline conditions for the sentence completion task were compared. At the group level, the paradigm significantly activated both anterior and posterior language-related regions. Individual-level analysis showed that activation was elicited most consistently in the inferior frontal regions, followed by posterior temporal regions and the angular gyrus. Test–retest reliability of activation location, as measured by Dice coefficients, was moderate and thus comparable to previous studies. Test–retest reliability was higher in the frontal than temporo-parietal region and with the most liberal statistical thresholding compared to two more conservative thresholding methods. Lateralization indices were expectedly left-hemispheric, with greater lateralization in the frontal than temporo-parietal region, and showed moderate test-retest reliability. Finally, the pseudoword baseline elicited more extensive and more reliable activation, although the syllable baseline appears more feasible for future clinical use. Overall, the study demonstrated the validity and reliability of the sentence completion task for mapping the language function in the brain. The paradigm needs further validation in a clinical sample of neurosurgical patients. Additionally, the study contributes to general evidence on test–retest reliability of fMRI.
Compressive Behavior of Corroded RC Columns Strengthened With Ultra-High Performance Jacket

This paper performed compressive tests on corroded reinforced concrete (RC) columns with externally confined ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) jacket. The studied parameters in this testing program was the corrosion ratio of specimens. The influences of this parameter on the compressive behavior of concrete columns confined by UHPC jacket was reported and discussed. The test results revealed that when the rust rate was less than 20%, axial cracking was the typical failure mode of unreinforced specimens, and the cracks in the rusted area gradually increased with the increase of the rust rate. When the corrosion rate reached 30%, the concrete of the protective layer fell off significantly, and the longitudinal reinforcement also yielded. The ultimate load and peak displacement of the specimens reinforced with UHPC were significantly improved, and the improvement rates of the two were more than 80% and 30%, respectively. The failure mode of the specimen with a corrosion rate of 30% also changed to longitudinal cracking of the UHPC layer. An analytical model was proposed to predict the ultimate load of RC columns with externally strengthening UHPC jacket. The validations of the predictions against the reported test results confirmed the accuracy of the analytical model.
Factors Influence the Adoption of Cloud Computing: A Comprehensive Review

Cloud computing is a new technology emerged during the recent years. Empirical and literature review studies mostly focused on business domain. The purpose of this paper is to review and identify the factors that influence the adoption of cloud computing. The study covered four main areas that namely business organizations, education, end users, and IT professional perspectives. A total of 81 articles were reviewed in these area, out of which 25 articles between 2010 to 2015 were selected and considered valid. A frequency analysis was conducted on the factors that have been used by the researchers. The findings showed that the most common factors were security and privacy followed by relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, ease of use, and usefulness. The cloud computing adoption studies were dominated by Technology Acceptance Model, followed by Technology-organization-environment, Diffusion of innovation, and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology.
Novel Predictors of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia: A Single Center Analysis

Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a common cause of disability or death. Although the researches on SAP have been relatively mature, the method that can predict SAP with great accuracy has not yet been determined. It is necessary to discover new predictors to construct a more accurate predictive model for SAP. We continuously collected 2,366 patients with acute ischemic stroke, and then divided them into the SAP group and non-SAP group. Data were recorded at admission. Through univariate analyses and multivariate regression analyses of the data, the new predictive factors and the predictive model of SAP were determined. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the corresponding area under the curve (AUC) were used to measure their predictive accuracy. Of the 2,366 patients, 459 were diagnosed with SAP. International normalized ratio (INR) (odds ratio = 37.981; 95% confidence interval, 7.487–192.665; P < 0.001), age and dysphagia were independent risk factors of SAP. However, walking ability within 48 h of admission (WA) (odds ratio = 0.395; 95% confidence interval, 0.287–0.543; P < 0.001) was a protective factor of SAP. Different predictors and the predictive model all could predict SAP (P < 0.001). The predictive power of the model (AUC: 0.851) which included age, homocysteine, INR, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dysphagia, and WA was greater than that of age (AUC: 0.738) and INR (AUC: 0.685). Finally, we found that a higher INR and no WA could predict SAP in patients with acute ischemic stroke. In addition, we designed a simple and practical predictive model for SAP, which showed relatively good accuracy. These findings might help identify high-risk patients with SAP and provide a reference for the timely use of preventive antibiotics.
Nutritional Management of Moderate- and Late-Preterm Infants Commenced on Intravenous Fluids Pending Mother's Own Milk: Cohort Analysis From the DIAMOND Trial

Background Exclusive breastmilk is the desired enteral nutrition for babies born moderate- and late-preterm between 32+0 and 36+6 weeks' gestation; however, this goal is often difficult to achieve. Methods A prospective cohort of babies 32+0 −35+6 weeks' gestation enrolled in the DIAMOND trial were randomized to a condition specifying that babies should receive mother's own milk (MOM) as the only enteral feed. Factors associated with the successful transition to MOM, defined as MOM being the sole enteral feeding at the time of the first cessation of intravenous (IV) fluids, were investigated by logistic regression. Time to commencement of a milk other than MOM was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Results A total of 151 eligible babies (60% boys) were included, 93 (63%) of whom successfully transitioned from IV fluids onto MOM only. Alternative sources of milk, mostly formula, were used to transition from IV fluids onto enteral feeds more often in multiples and Māori, and was commenced earlier in Māori than other ethnicities (p = 0.007) and in late-preterm compared with moderate-preterm babies (p=0.01). Receiving exclusively breastmilk at discharge was more likely for babies who successfully transitioned from IV fluids onto MOM only [OR (95% confidence intervals) 4.9 (2.3–10.6)] and who received only MOM in the first week after birth [4.8 (2.2–10.4)], both p < 0.0001. Receiving breastmilk exclusively at discharge was less likely for Māori than Caucasian babies [0.2 (0.1–0.6), p < 0.0006]. There was no difference in the use of alternative sources of milk in babies who received parenteral nutrition or dextrose or between small-for-gestational-age and appropriate-for-gestational-age babies. Conclusions Despite an intention to provide only MOM, significant numbers of moderate- and late-preterm babies received formula to transition from IV fluids, and this differed by ethnicity. The drivers underlying these decisions require further investigation. These data highlight an urgent need for quality initiatives to support and encourage mothers of moderate- and late-preterm babies in their lactation.
Medicinal Plant Extracts and Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a group of autoimmune connective tissue disorders that significantly impact quality of life. Current treatment approaches typically use antimalarial medications, though patients may become recalcitrant. Other treatment options include general immunosuppressants, highlighting the need for more and more targeted treatment options. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify potential compounds that could be repurposed for CLE from natural products since many rheumatologic drugs are derived from natural products, including antimalarials. This study was registered with PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (registration number CRD42021251048). We comprehensively searched Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases from inception to April 27th, 2021. These terms included cutaneous lupus erythematosus; general plant, fungus, bacteria terminology; selected plants and plant-derived products; selected antimalarials; and JAK inhibitors. Our search yielded 13,970 studies, of which 1,362 were duplicates. We screened 12,608 abstracts, found 12,043 to be irrelevant, and assessed 565 full-text studies for eligibility. Of these, 506 were excluded, and 59 studies were included in the data extraction. The ROBINS-I risk of bias assessment tool was used to assess studies that met our inclusion criteria. According to our findings, several natural compounds do reduce inflammation in lupus and other autoimmune skin diseases in studies using in vitro methods, mouse models, and clinical observational studies, along with a few randomized clinical trials. Our study has cataloged evidence in support of potential natural compounds and plant extracts that could serve as novel sources of active ingredients for the treatment of CLE. It is imperative that further studies in mice and humans are conducted to validate these findings. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? RecordID=251048.
Up-to-Date Pathologic Classification and Molecular Characteristics of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is an aggressive primary liver malignancy with an increasing incidence worldwide. Recently, histopathologic classification of small duct type and large duct type iCCA has been introduced. Both these types of tumors exhibit differences in clinicopathological features, mutational profiles, and prognosis. Small duct type iCCA is composed of non-mucin-producing cuboidal cells, whereas large duct type iCCA is composed of mucin-producing columnar cells, reflecting different cells of origin. Large duct type iCCA shows more invasive growth and poorer prognosis than small duct type iCCA. The background liver of small duct type iCCA often shows chronic liver disease related to hepatitis B or C viral infection, or alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis, in contrast to large duct type iCCA that is often related to hepatolithiasis and liver fluke infection. Cholangiolocarcinoma is a variant of small duct type iCCA composed of naïve-looking cuboidal cells forming cords or ductule-like structures, and shows better prognosis than the conventional small duct type. Fibrous tumor stroma, one of the characteristic features of iCCA, contains activated fibroblasts intermixed with innate and adaptive immune cells. The types of stroma (mature versus immature) are related to tumor behavior and prognosis. Low tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density, KRAS alteration, and chromosomal instability are related to immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments with resistance to programmed death 1/ programmed death ligand 1 blockade. Data from recent large-scale exome analyses have revealed the heterogeneity in the molecular profiles of iCCA, showing that small duct type iCCA exhibit frequent BAP1, IDH1/2 hotspot mutations and FGFR2 fusion, in contrast to frequent mutations in KRAS, TP53, and SMAD4 observed in large duct type iCCA. Multi-omics analyses have proposed several molecular classifications of iCCA, including inflammation class and proliferation class. The inflammation class is enriched in inflammatory signaling pathways and expression of cytokines, while the proliferation class has activated oncogenic growth signaling pathways. Diverse pathologic features of iCCA and its associated multi-omics characteristics are currently under active investigation, thereby providing insights into precision therapeutics for patients with iCCA. This review provides the latest knowledge on the histopathologic classification of iCCA and its associated molecular features, ranging from tumor microenvironment to genomic and transcriptomic research.
The Motherhood Penalty of Immigrants in France: Comparing the Motherhood Wage Penalty of Immigrants From Europe, the Maghreb, and Sub-Sahara With Native-Born French Women

To date, relatively few studies analyzed the motherhood penalty as experienced by immigrant women. The principal objective of this research is to establish whether the negative effect of motherhood on wages is higher for immigrants than it is for the native population; and how this effect may vary across different immigrant regions of origin. Using data from the Enquête Revenus Fiscaux et Sociaux from 2009 to 2012 (INSEE, 2009–2012)1, a series of linear regression models were calculated to examine whether the effect of motherhood on wages differs for immigrant women and native women; and to what extent this effect varies across different immigrant origin groups. Specifically, this study explores the effect of motherhood on immigrant labor market integration in France from three regions of origin, as compared to native French women: immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa, the Maghreb (Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco), and from European countries (each and every region of origin is considered separately in comparison to native French women). The results revealed substantial differences in the motherhood penalty between the different regions of origin and assert the existence of an especially pronounced motherhood penalty for mothers from the Maghreb. Given the gap in the research with regards to the cost of motherhood for immigrants in the labor market of the host country, this research sheds light on specific mechanisms influencing the integration patterns of immigrant women. Moreover, by choosing France, which is one of the main immigration destinations in Europe, and a country where the motherhood penalty for the native population is almost non-existent, this study provides a new perspective on the intersection of motherhood, immigration, and region of origin in the immigrants' labor-market integration process.
Mechanism of Organic Matter Accumulation in Black Shales of the Yuertusi Formation in the Tarim Basin: Insights From Paleoenvironmental Variation During the Early Cambrian

The paleoenvironment during the Early Cambrian is closely related to the accumulation mechanism of organic matter (OM) from the Lower Cambrian black shales. However, paleoenvironment remains a controversial issue. Here, we reported a lot of detailed data of sedimentary stratigraphy and geochemistry of the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation in the Aksu area, Tarim Basin. The Yuertusi Formation from the Yutixi outcrop consists mainly of silicalite at the base, two sets of black shales, and crystalline dolostone. Based on the redox conditions traced by U/Th, V/Cr, Ni/Co, and V/Sc, the hydrothermal activity traced by Ce/Ce*, Cr/Zr, U/Th, Fe/Ti, and (Fe + Mn)/Ti ratios, as well as paleo-productivity traced by Ba, Cu, Rb/Sr, and other parameters, variations were observed in the depositional environments of the Yuertusi Formation: 1) the silicalite at the base was deposited under an euxinic condition and intense hydrothermal activity. Mo-U co-variation analysis revealed that the north margin of Tarim Basin belonged to the unrestricted marine during the Early Cambrian, 2) the lower black shales were deposited under an oxygen-poor condition and weak hydrothermal activity, and 3) the upper black shales were deposited under oxygen-poor, sub-oxic conditions and almost no hydrothermal activity. Although the hydrothermal activity improved paleo-productivity, the TOC values were low on the whole, which may be due to the intense hydrothermal activity that damaged the formation of source rocks. Comprehensive studies showed a gradually oxidizing environment and weakening paleo-productivity during the Yuertusi Formation deposited. The anoxic conditions were conducive to the preservation of OM, and the high-quality source rocks represented by the black shales of the Yuertusi Formation were formed, especially the first set of black shales. However, the enrichment of OM may be affected by the intense hydrothermal activity.