Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of soy curd residue and full-fat soy flour as protein-based food ingredients

The study investigated the soy curd residue and full-fat soy flour as potential protein-based food ingredients. Standard protocols were used to determine proximate parameters, functional properties, markers of oxidative stability under shelf storage, colour (CIE L* a* b*), and microbial quality of the flours. Commercial Afayak soybean varieties were used to prepare soy curd residue flour and two differently treated soy flours, namely full-fat soy flour and cold-water extracted full-fat soy flour. Findings from the study indicate that processing treatment and storage time significantly (p<0.001) affected the parameters measured. Cold-water extraction of full-fat soy flour resulted in a significantly (p<0.001) higher protein content denoting 1.0, and 1.2-fold than full-fat soy flour and soy curd residue, respectively. Full-fat soy flour showed the highest peroxide, acid, and p-anisidine (p < 0.001) under processing and storage conditions. Soy curd residue was the most oxidatively stable among the samples; however, it was noted that cold-water extraction of full-fat soy had better oxidative stability than full-fat Soy flour. After 12 weeks of storage, peroxide and acid values were below the acceptable limit of 10 mEq/Kg and 0.6 mg/KOH/g, respectively. The study supports the hypothesis that the proximate composition, physicochemical properties, and oxidative stability of soy-based flours are affected by the sample processing method and storage time. The study concludes that the samples characterized in this study are oxidatively stable, protein and energy-rich and may be ideal ingredients for food product development with desirable functional properties.
Optimization of Esterification and Transesterification Processes for Biodiesel Production from Used Cooking Oil

Various treatments were carried out to produce biodiesel optimally. This research was conducted to process used cooking oil (UCO) into biodiesel. UCO with high FFA has saponification in the transesterification reaction. Transesterification experiment UCO with % FFA 4.261 and acid number 8.42 mg-KOH/g produced saponification. This experiment was carried out at different temperatures, speeds, and times. It is necessary to carry out initial esterification treatment. Simultaneously the biodiesel synthesis process is carried out by esterification and transesterification processes. The esterification process with 3%wt H2SO4 catalyst, 1:6 molar ratio of oil and alcohol with temperature treatment of 50 °C, speed of 300 rpm for 60 minutes can reduce % FFA in UCO to 2.115 and acid number 4.208 mg-KOH/g. The transesterification process using a NaOH catalyst of 0.5% wt, the molar ratio of oil and alcohol 1:6 with a temperature treatment of 60°C, a speed of 400 rpm for 60 minutes, can produce biodiesel with an acid number of 0.28 mg-KOH/g and 0.141 of % FFA according to SNI 7182-2015 standard. These results after purification on biodiesel.
Physical practice, mental practice or both: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Physical Education and Human Movement , 5(2), 1-14.

Introduction: Previous research has reached positive conclusions regarding the effects of mental practice on performance and learning of a motor skill. The purpose of this study was to use the aggregate data meta-analytic approach to assess the impact of physical practice (PP), mental practice (MP), and the combination of both on acquisition, retention, and transfer tests in motor skill performance. Methodology: Twenty-seven studies published up to 2022 were included by searching six databases. Random effects model using the standardized mean difference effect size (ES) was used to pool results. Results: A total of 42 ES, were calculated
Efficacy and Safety of Tulsi Extract Mouthwash on Periodontal Health Status of Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in India: A Concurrent Parallel Pilot Trial

Background:One of the main risk factors for periodontitis is Diabetes Mellitus (DM). In patients with DM, maintaining optimal oral hygiene is crucial to managing the advancement of periodontitis. The adverse effects of chlorhexidine limit its long-term use. Tulsi is gaining more popularity due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Studies related to Tulsi mouthwash in Type 2 DM patients are lacking.Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of 6% Tulsi extract and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwashes on the periodontal health status of well-controlled type 2 DM patients.Materials and Methods: The present study is a concurrent, parallel, randomized controlled trial. A total of 38 participants aged 45–55 years were randomly allocated to two different groups. Group A and B participants were treated with 0.2% chlorhexidine and 6% Tulsi extract mouthwashes, respectively. The assessments of gingivitis (gingival Index), dental plaque (plaque Index), and periodontal pocket depth (Community Periodontal Index) were done at baseline and on the 15th day. An unpaired t-test was used to compare the clinical conditions of the two groups.Results: Both groups have individually shown a statistically significant reduction in gingivitis, dental plaque, and periodontal pocket depth. When both groups were compared on the 15th day, chlorhexidine mouthwash showed a statistically significant reduction in PI scores (Group A 0.79 vs. Group B 0.86). Conclusion: Tulsi mouthwash is as efficacious as chlorhexidine in reducing dental plaque, gingivitis, and pocket depth among well-controlled Type 2 DM patients.
C-O and Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry of carbonate minerals from gold deposits in East Shandong, China.

There are four types of gold deposits in East Shandong: 1) altered breccia-type along basin-marginal faults, 2) porphyry-epithermal type, 3) quartz vein type, 4) altered tectonite-type. Systematical research on C-O and Sr-Nd isotopes of carbonate minerals in the four deposit types was carried out. This research demonstrates that, corresponding to geological settings and features of the gold deposits, there might be two ore-forming fluid systems, namely, magma-affmitive and basin-affinitive. The former one is related to porphyry-epithermal type, quartz vein type, and altered tectonite-type, the later one is related to altered gold-bearing breccia-type along basin-marginal faults. They show different C-O and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics. Carbonate minerals from the magma-affmitive gold deposits manifest similar Sr-Nd isotopic features as the coeval mantle-derived igneous rocks in Shandong, and their carbon isotope compositions exhibit characters of mantle-derived or magma-derived carbon. Their oxygen isotope compositions imply possibility of mixing from primary water and meteoric water. All these together suggest that the ore-forming fluids principally carried characteristics of metal-rich mantle fluids that were probably diluted by circulated meteoric water as the ascending mantle fluids reached the upper part of the crust. The basin-affinitive gold deposits, on the other hand, contain carbonate minerals whose C-O and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions are typically heterogeneous, characteristic of ore-forming fluids resulted from circulating and heated meteoric water that obtained ore-forming materials mainly from fluid-rock interaction during its circulation in the upper part of the crust.
EARTHWORM DENSITY, BIOMASS AND VERMICOMPOST RECOVERY DURING AGRO-INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT

The primary purpose of this study was to assess influence of cow dung and a biodynamic microbial consortium (Jeevamrutha) on the earthworm density, biomass and vermicompost recovery during the treatment of papermill and sugar factory sludge into beneficial product. The maximum earthworm net biomass, vermicompost recovery and earthworm density found in agro-industrial waste treated with Jeevamrutha and cow dung respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between earthworm density and biomass with treatment groups. The inoculation of microbial consortia like Jeevamrutha and cow dung to organic substrates significantly enhances the earthworm density, biomass and highest recovery of vermicompost during vermicomposting process.
Detecting Forest Degradation in Tropical Forests using Earth Observation Satellites

Deforestation is a process which has attracted considerable scientific interest in remote sensing and successful paradigms of detecting and monitoring have been presented; however, forest degradation in general is a more complicated case the detection of which presents significant challenges (Herold et al. 2011). Countries have been measuring current rates of degradation with field data and remote sensing imagery. Despite the fact that it is well evident that a combination of these two types of data provides the strongest capabilities (Herold et al. 2011), data on rates and processes of degradation are currently not available for many forested systems and information about factors influencing forest degradation is still limited in developing countries. Therefore, in these cases when assessing degradation they are forced to rely strongly on remote sensing approaches supported by any available field assessments of forest degradation. This research investigates the potential of TerraSAR-X remote sensing satellite images combines with field observations to detect and analyse forest degradation in a tropical forested area in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Several speckle noise filters have been tested and the Gamma MAP filter technique with a 7x7 window size is proposed as the best for this case study. Processes leading to classification, TerraSAR-X data (HH/HV and VV/VH dual polarizations) pre-processed with the proposed filter are used to classify logging tracks using feature extraction techniques. The results show that Example-Based classification method is a powerful technique to detect and map logging trails clearly while the same task is not addressed equally well by the Rule Based Feature extraction method. Furthermore, degraded areas, such as non-woody vegetation, logging trails, burned or logged forest were mapped using a combinations of classification algorithms applied on fused datasets from Landsat 5 TM and dual polarized (HH/HV and VV/VH) TerraSAR-X images; it was found that the fusion of SAR data with TerraSAR-X performed better in degraded areas than only TerraSAR-X dual polarization. Based on the backscatter coefficient and in-situ data the potential of SAR data to estimate biomass is evaluated. TerraSAR-X backscatter at HV polarization (R = 0.413) outperforms in the study area when classifying logged areas, non-woody vegetation and intact classes. Comprehensively, this study demonstrates the potential of short-wavelength satellite radar to detect and characterise the processes of forest degradation from space.
The genus Equus in North America: The Pleistocene species

The North American species of Equus of Irvingtonian and Rancholabrean age, which were summarily reviewed by the present author in 1995, are described in detail. They are : Equus ferus, widespread in the Pleistocene of Eurasia and well represented in the high latitudes of North America during the latest Pleistocene, but possibly also present in central North America since the earlier Irvingtonian ; the related, large size Equus niobrarensis and the smaller Equus lambei, possibly a subspecies of the latter ; the stilt-legged Equus semiplicatus and Equus francisci, which betray affinities with Old World hemiones ; the short legged Equus fraternus and Equus conversidens, with complicately wrinkled enamel in their teeth, closely related with the species of South America ; the large, highly derived Equus mexicanus, of more uncertain affinities ; and the stoutly built Equus excelsus and Equus occidentalis, all three endemic to North America. Their geographical and stratigraphical ranges are discussed. Species are distinguished by their size and by the characters of their skulls, dentitions and limb bones. The paper closes with a summary review of the New and Old World species of Equus.
The impact of concomitant infective endocarditis in patients with spondylodiscitis and isolated spinal epidural empyema and the diagnostic accuracy of the modified duke criteria

Background The co-occurrence of infective endocarditis (IE) and primary spinal infections (PSI) like spondylodiscitis (SD) and isolated spinal epidural empyema (ISEE) has been reported in up to 30% of cases and represents a life-threatening infection that requires multidisciplinary management to be successful. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the clinical phenotypes of PSI patients with concomitant IE and furthermore to assess the accuracy of the modified Duke criteria in this specific population. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in consecutive SD and ISEE patients treated surgically at our University Spine Center between 2002 and 2022 who have undergone detailed phenotyping comprising demographic, clinical, imaging, laboratory, and microbiologic assessment. Comparisons were performed between PSI patients with IE (PSICIE) and without IE (PSIWIE) to identify essential differences. Results Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was the most common causative pathogen in PSICIE group (13 patients, 54.2%) and aortic valve IE was the most common type of IE (12 patients, 50%), followed by mitral valve IE (5 patients, 20.8%). Hepatic cirrhosis (p < 0.011; OR: 4.383; 95% CI: 1.405–13.671), septic embolism (p < 0.005; OR: 4.387; 95% CI: 1.555–12.380), and infection with Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. (p < 0.003; OR: 13.830; 95% CI: 2.454–77.929) were identified as significant independent risk factors for the co-occurrence of IE and PSI in our cohort. The modified Duke criteria demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 66.7% for the detection of IE in PSI patients. Pathogens were detected more frequently via blood cultures in the PSICIE group than in the PSIWIE group (PSICIE: 23, 95.8% vs. PSIWIE: 88, 62.4%, p < 0.001). Hepatic cirrhosis (PSICIE: 10, 41.7% vs. PSIWIE: 33, 21.6%, p = 0.042), pleural abscess (PSICIE: 9, 37.5% vs. PSIWIE: 25, 16.3%, p = 0.024), sepsis (PSICIE: 20, 83.3% vs. PSIWIE: 67, 43.8%, p < 0.001), septic embolism (PSICIE: 16/23, 69.6% vs. PSIWIE: 37/134, 27. 6%, p < 0.001) and meningism (PSICIE: 8/23, 34.8% vs. PSIWIE: 21/152, 13.8%, p = 0.030) occurred more frequently in PSICIE than in PSIWIE patients. PSICIE patients received longer intravenous antibiotic therapy (PSICIE: 6 [4–7] w vs. PSIWIE: 4 [2.5–6] w, p < 0.001) and prolonged total antibiotic therapy overall (PSICIE: 11 [7.75–12] w vs. PSIWIE: 8 [6–12] w, p = 0.014). PSICIE patients spent more time in the hospital than PSIWIE (PSICIE: 43.5 [33.5–53.5] days vs. PSIWIE: 31 [22–44] days, p = 0.003). Conclusions We report distinct clinical, radiological, and microbiological phenotypes in PSICIE and PSIWIE patients and further demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of the modified Duke criteria in patients with PSI and concomitant IE. In the high-risk population of PSI patients, the modified Duke criteria might benefit from amending pleural abscess, meningism, and sepsis as minor criteria and hepatic cirrhosis as major criterion.
Who Should Own and Control Urban Water Systems? Historical Evidence from England and Wales

Nearly 40% of England’s privately built waterworks were municipalised in the late 19th century. We examine how this affected public health by pairing annual mortality data for over 600 registration districts, spanning 1869 to 1910, with detailed waterworks information. Identification is aided by both institutional hurdles and idiosyncratic delays in the municipalisation process. Municipalisation lowered deaths from typhoid fever, a waterborne disease, by nearly 20% but deaths from non-waterborne causes were unaffected. Results are also robust to the adoption of several strategies that control for the possibility of mean reversion and other potential confounds.
Differential detection and molecular characterization of multiple avian oncogenic viruses in backyard poultry of Tamil Nadu, India

The avian oncogenic viruses include Mareks disease virus (MDV), Avian Leukosis virus (ALV) and Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). All the three viruses as etiological agents of single and/or multiple oncogenic infections were reported previously in broiler and layer chickens. The present study describes the detection of these multiple oncogenic viruses by multiplex PCR from suspected samples collected from the native chicken of Tamil Nadu, a southern state of India. Out of 51 samples tested, 10 were found positive for MDV and 25 positive for ALV subgroup E and 6 samples positive for REV. Further, the representative samples were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The molecular characterisation of the present MDV strains showed the close proximity with strains from Tamil Nadu, Punjab, and Kerala states of India with bootstrap value of 97%. Further, the current REV strain showed close relatedness with the previously known Tamil Nadu REV isolate with bootstrap value of 66%. The ALV strain identified from the backyard poultry was found to be endogenous virus and showed close identity with ALV-E China isolate with bootstrap value of 78%.
A new genus of cryptic lucinid? bivalve from Eocene cold seeps and turbidite-influenced mudstone, western Washington

Two previously undescribed species of Bivalvia of Eocene age are herein tentatively considered to belong to the family Lucinidae because of their ligament areas and elongated anterior adductor scars. Both species are elongate for a lucinid, have edentulous hinges, striated muscle scars, and are placed in the new genus Cryptolucina. Both are found in the Humptulips Formation of middle to late Eocene age in western Washington, and both Cryptolucina megadyseides new species and C. elassodyseides new species are associated with deep-water, cold-seep limestone. Cryptolucina megadyseides is also associated with turbiditic mudstone.
Bi-Exponential 3D UTE-T1ρ Relaxation Mapping of Ex Vivo Human Knee Patellar Tendon at 3T

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the bi-exponential relaxation times and fractions of the short and long components of the human patellar tendon ex vivo using three-dimensional ultrashort echo time T1ρ (3D UTE-T1ρ) imaging. Materials and Methods: Five cadaveric human knee specimens were scanned using a 3D UTE-T1ρ imaging sequence on a 3T MR scanner. A series of 3D UTE-T1ρ images were acquired and fitted using single-component and bi-component models. Single-component exponential fitting was performed to measure the UTE-T1ρ value of the patellar tendon. Bi-component analysis was performed to measure the short and long UTE-T1ρ values and fractions. Results: The single-component analysis showed a mean single-component UTE-T1ρ value of 8.4 ± 1.7 ms for the five knee patellar tendon samples. Improved fitting was achieved with bi-component analysis, which showed a mean short UTE-T1ρ value of 5.5 ± 0.8 ms with a fraction of 77.6 ± 4.8%, and a mean long UTE-T1ρ value of 27.4 ± 3.8 ms with a fraction of 22.4 ± 4.8%. Conclusion: The 3D UTE-T1ρ sequence can detect the single- and bi-exponential decay in the patellar tendon. Bi-component fitting was superior to single-component fitting.
SHRIMP U-PB DATING OF ZIRCON FROM THE PRECAMBRIAN GRANITOIDS IN NORTHWEST HAINAN ISLAND AND ITS GEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

The Precambrian granitoid pluton emplaced in the Paleoproterozoic-Mesoproterozoic Baoban Group in Gezhen area, northwest Hainan Island, south China was dated by SHRIMP U-Pb analysis assisted by CL image. Zircon from the pluton yields a concordant SHRIMP U-Pb age of 1455±12Ma with a weighted mean 207 Pb/ 206 Pb age of 1454±12Ma, indicating its emplacement at ~1450Ma. In connection with the zircon internal structure, the structural deformation/metamorphism and the provenance of the pluton, as well as the previously published age data by different dating methods, we suggest that a tectono-thermal metamorphic event most likely took place at ~1400 Ma, and thus the minimum depositional age for the Baoban Group should be ca. ~1450 Ma. Cathaysian Block (including Hainan Island, at least its northwest part) could be regarded as a southwestward extension of southern Laurentia before the assembly of the Mesoproterozoick-Neoproterozoic Rodinia supercontinent. Our research results also imply that Cathaysian Block (including Hainan Island) probably underwent an earlier Grenville orogeny event, in comparison with Yangtze Block.
The Influence of Urban Effluents on the Elemental C/N Ratio in a Tropical Coastal Area of Northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT Travassos, R.K. ; Flores Montes, M.J.; Costa, B.V. M. , and Silva Junior, J.M. , 2016. The influence of urban effluents on the elemental C/N ratio in a tropical coastal area of northeastern Brazil. In: Vila-Concejo, A. ; Bruce, E. ; Kennedy, D.M. , and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 168-172. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The present study was performed in a tropical and highly eutrophic estuarine system in the urban coastal area of Greater Recife, Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Organic carbon is introduced into these urban estuaries through domestic and industrial sewage waste. One indicator of anthropogenic influence is the concentration of organic matter, including the suspended elemental forms of carbon and total nitrogen and the C/N ratio. The distribution of the concentrations of both particulate organic carbon and total nitrogen (POC and TN, respectively) were studied in two parallel transects in the estuarine plumes of Pernambuco's major rivers, the Capibaribe (CP) and the Jaboatão (JP), from 2010 to 2011. The archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, with relatively little human influence, was selected as the control area. The particulate organic matter exported via estuarine flow was defined by elemental carbon median values of 2.04% and 0.97%. The C/N ratio of the Capibaribe and Jaboatão plumes featured median values of 6.60 and 9.30, respectively. The principal components analysis (PCA) results suggest that the percentage of POC was influenced by rainfall and that the percentage of TN was influenced by the transport of suspended particulate matter. These differences may result from different loads of human activities and estuary transport dynamics, and the coastal region highlights the complexity of the distribution of organic matter in these environments.
The Role of Social Studies Teachers in Shaping the Awareness of Student National Integration in the Globalization Era

This research is motivated by the lack of student awareness of the importance of national integration, the occurrence of disputes between students of different regions and languages, students are more likely to do individualist attitudes that are selfish, to love and boast excessively in other people's countries than their own country. This study aims to determine the role of social studies teachers in shaping students' national integration awareness in the era of globalization at SMP Negeri 1 Ciledug, especially the form of students' national integration awareness in the era of globalization, and the supporting and inhibiting factors in shaping students' national integration awareness in the era of globalization at SMP Negeri 1 Ciledug. This research uses a qualitative method, with a case study approach. The awareness of national integration needs to be formed in students in order to create a harmonious unity, harmony and uniformity, a sense of comfort, mutual help, mutual respect, mutual cooperation, and mutual respect. Because basically the essence of national integration is the same as Bhineka Tunggal Ika which means different but still one goal. But the reality is that there are still many students who lack awareness of national integration so that disputes and divisions occur. So the need for the role of educators, especially social studies teachers is very important in realizing and preparing students to be able to become good citizens in a society that has a variety of differences.