Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induced mutanons for improvement of protein in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Variability has been induced and screened for crude protein content in fortyfour chickpea micro-mutants and thirtyfive macro-mutants. A wide range of variability has been generated through treatments of physical (gamma rays and fast neutrons) and chemical mutagens (EMS and NMU) and mutant genotypes having significantly higher protein content than parent variety as well as standard check have been isolated. The results of the present study suggest that it is possible to increase the protein content concurrent with an increase or without a loss in grain weight, density and yield through induction of mutations.
CFD Study of Tip Vortex Cavitation Around Hydrofoil

In this paper, the tip-vortex cavitation of NACA0009 hydrofoil is simulated at three tip clearances and one foil incidence angle. Two RANS turbulence models and LES sub-grid model are used in simulations. The key characteristics, including cavity trajectory, cavity shape, velocity and pressure fields in different downstream positions, are in good agreement with experimental results. It is found that the RANS simulations have a good prediction of the averaged cavity trajectory and the LES simulation can capture the rotation motion of tip-vortex cavity very well.
Coprological prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in carnivores and small mammals at Dhaka zoo, Bangladesh

A study on the coprological prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites using 94 faecal samples from different carnivores (n=32) and small mammals (n=15) was undertaken from January to May 2012 at Dhaka Zoo. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 78.72%, with a prevalence of 51.06% for helminths and 27.66% for protozoa. The identified parasites included—Toxascaris leonina (9.57%), Balantidium coli (25.53%) Spirometra sp. (10.64%), Toxocara cati (12.76%), Hook worm (4.26%), unidentified strongyles (3.19%), Trichuris sp. (7.45%), Coccidia sp. (2.12%), Capillaria sp. (1.06%), Trichostrongylus sp. (1.06%), and Physaloptera sp. (1.06%). Mixed infection was observed in Indian Lion (Toxascaris leonina and Spirometra sp.), Royal Bengal Tiger (Balantidium coli and Toxocara cati), Spotted Hyena (Balantidium coli and hook worm), Leopard (Balantidium coli and Spirometra/I> sp.), Rhesus Macaque (Trichuris sp. and Coccidia sp.), Pig-tailed Macaque (Balantidium coli and Trichuris sp.), Hamadryas Baboon (Balantidium coli and Trichuris sp.), Golden Mangabey (Trichuris sp., Balantidium coli and unidentified strongyles), Large Indian Civet (Balantidium coli and unidentified strongyles), Torior Dog (Balantidium coli and Physaloptera), Rabbit (Balantidium coli and Hook worm), Hanuman Langur (Balantidium coli and Capillaria sp.). Due to the high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, the present study suggests to apply control measures against these parasites in order to safeguard the health of housed wild animals, especially in case of threatened species.
Action Research On: Improving Participationof Group Members in Group Work, in Case of Mathematics Department, Bule Hora University

Group work is defined by as a cooperative process that allows people to achieve extraordinary results also explain that a group has a common goal or purpose where group members can develop effective, mutual relationships to achieve team goals. The problem identified is less participation of members of the groups is the common problem observed in section Mathematics students at Bule Hora University. Thus, the researchers were motivated to conduct this study to recognize root causes of real problem and to give immediate curative solutions. The objective of this study is to identify problems that lead to poor participation of group members in group work. And to identify poorly participating individuals from the group. The role of effective uses of group activities as a teaching method can promote the students learning experience and help teachers’ to introduce and implement new teaching techniques. We believe that the level of students’ participation in group will be strengthened if they are evaluated on the basis of individual contribution to all courses than in a single course alone as well as by circulating the group leader and random assigning of the presenters.
An Efficient Crop Identification Using Deep Learning

: In modern era, the deep neural network is the prominent tool in agricultural industry for providing support to farmers in monitoring crop yield based on the weather conditions. In this paper, the recurrent neural network is utilized for detecting the suitable crop for the observed environmental conditions from the field and also provides the suggestions about the desired crop can be grown in that field or not. The environmental parameters such as humidity, temperature, rain and moisture are obtained through the sensors and fed as input to recurrent neural network. Then, the recurrent neural network identifies the suitable crop by classifying the crop based on the climatic conditions. The experiment was conducted by using the Random Forest classifier, Decision Tree classifier, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine classifier (SVM), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The result shows that the recurrent neural network outperforms other methodologies.
Efficacy of chlorimuron-ethyl against weeds in transplanted rice

Chlorimuron-ethyl was found very effective to control broad-leaved weeds and sedges, however it was less effective on grassy weeds. Chlorimuron-ethyl 12 g/ha was found much effective than lower dose for controlling the existing weed flora with higher crop yield and benefit: cost ratio.
Influence of risks and privacy literacy on coping responses to privacy threats

The mass adoption of smartphones and their dedicated applications opens new opportunities for software vendors while presenting increased risks for software users. In order to understand the reaction of users facing privacy risks, this research presents an experiment measuring the influence of risks and privacy literacy on coping responses to privacy threats. Results show that risks literacy has the largest influence on the intention to install a potentially privacy-threatening application on a smartphone. These results could allow better targeting of actions developed to help users protect themselves against these new risks.
RATIONAL USE OF WATER AND SOIL MANAGEMENT UNDER A CENTER PIVOT SYSTEM

Currently the demand for water resources has increasing as a result of population pressure and industrial developments. In Brazil, about 70% of the available water resources are used for agriculture purposes. The adoption of rational techniques for soil and water conservationist management is vital for sustainability so that these resources will be preserved along time with sufficient quantity and quality for the maintenance of satisfactory productivity levels in agriculture. The conventional soil management has been successfully replaced in many agricultural regions worldwide and particularly in Brazil. In the last decades, the quick degradation of soil under agricultural exploitation worldwide, especially in tropical developing countries has arisen the concern on soil quality and sustainability of the agricultural exploitation. The no-tillage system presents as main characteristic the implementation of culture without drastic soil mobilization, in other words, without its preparation or mobilization before sowing, the mobilization occurs only at the sowing line. This type of system also involves the maintenance of vegetal residues from previous cultures at its surface and the diversification of species through culture rotation. The maintenance of residues at the soil surface in the no-tillage system, besides the increase on the water retention, also has a great potential to reduce irrigation water requirement. The objective of this work was to evaluate how two different soil management systems, conventional and no-tillage, influence the soil water retention, irrigation water requirement, compaction, root development and bean yield, irrigated by center pivot system. The study was conducted at the farm of an irrigating producer in the largest irrigated region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during the second semester of 2003. The culture selected was bean cultivar Rubi, which sowing occurred at August 02 and harvest at November 25, summing up 116 days of culture cycle. The experimental design was fully randomized with two treatments and 13 repetitions. The experimental parcels were placed under an 18 ha central pivot and divided into two soil management types: conventional and no-tillage. Although no-tillage management presented higher water retention and lower compaction at the most superficial soil layers as well as more uniform root distribution in the soil profile, the soil managements did not present significant differences in relation to crop productivity. It was verified that the no-tillage management generated indirect benefits like reduction in the irrigation water requirement. Since conservationist management cycles are short, time was not enough to promote structural changes in the soil and hence significant alterations in the physical-hydric properties that would lead to higher root development and crop yield.
HINDBRAIN NEURAL TRACKING AND CONTROL OF FOOD INTAKE

Food intake is the product of meal size and frequency. Meal size is determined by sensory feedback signals that arise from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and other digestive organs during feeding. Hindbrain glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and prolactin-releasing peptide-positive noradrenergic A2 neurons (PrRP-positive) are anatomically poised to receive multimodal ingestive/metabolic-related information and engage local oral motor circuits that govern feeding. Moreover, multiple lines of evidence support a role for signaling from these populations in the suppression of food intake, while a role in the day-to-day control of meal size is less clear. Considering this, we hypothesized that GLP-1 and PrRP A2 neurons participate in satiation. Results from studies conducted herein demonstrated that the proportion of GLP-1 and A2 neurons that were activated by food intake closely reflects both the volume and caloric value of the food consumed, and this activation was modulated by experience with consuming unusually large meals. Among GLP-1 neurons, those in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) were more sensitive than those in the neighboring medullary reticular formation (MRF), supporting direct vagal afferents as an important route by which sensory information recruits these neurons. PrRP-positive A2 neurons were more sensitive than PrRP-negative A2 neurons to feeding-related sensory signals, suggesting that PrRP may be a particularly important among the many neuropeptide products of A2 neurons in the context of feeding control. In Chapter 4, we demonstrated that blocking central GLP-1 receptors produced larger and longer meals consumed during the latter phases of the feeding period, without changing meal frequency or the interval between meals. These results indicated a causal role for central GLP-1 signaling in satiation specifically.
Optimal Configuration and Diversification of Wind Turbines: A Hybrid Approach to Improve the Penetration of Wind Power

Literature indicates a decline in the market value of wind power with increasing market penetration. Two promising measures to mitigate this market value drop are system-friendly turbines and geographical diversification. This study analyzes the combined potential of a hybrid approach used to simultaneously improve market values, reduce system costs and the overall subsidy needs in Germany. Therefore, promising diversification regions and site optimal turbine configurations are identified. The corresponding market values and levelized cost of electricity are forecasted for penetration rates of up to 65% (2030). The analysis shows that the market value drop in diversified regions using system-friendly turbines is less severe. Furthermore, the hybrid approach results in system cost and subsidy savings. Additional analyses show that the dominant share of the hybrid approach benefits can be attributed to the use of system-friendly turbines and that diversification does not seem to be a promising alternative for Germany.
Effect of Ccc and Tiba on Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Indicum Linn)

The present investigations were made to study the effect of CCC and TIBA on two chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum Linn.) varieties viz., White and Yellow at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results indicated that TIBA at all the concentrations showed increase in plant height, while the dwarfing effect of CCC was not observed in either of the varieties. In the variety White, CCC at 15000 ppm and TIBA at all concentrations significantly increased the flower diameter while in Yellow all the concentrations decreased the flower size. In all the treatments except TIBA at 400 ppm the yield was reduced in both the varieties. All the concentrations of CCC and TIBA induced earlier flowering than control in cultivar White, while in Yellow all the treatments registered late flowering.
EREG-driven oncogenesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma exhibits higher sensitivity to Erlotinib therapy

Rationale: The oncogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is believed to result from oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation. Here, we identified a new oncogenic role for the EREG gene in HNSCC. Methods: The TCGA database and immunohistochemistry assay were used to analyze expression of EREG in HNSCC tissues. Immunoblotting was performed to identify the EGFR-mediated pathways altered by EREG. The role of EREG in oncogenesis was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Results: Upregulated EREG expression predicted a poor prognosis and triggered HNSCC oncogenic transformation by activating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. We also demonstrated the direct association of EREG with EGFR and that this binding required EGFR domains I and III and the N57 residue of EREG. Moreover, EREG overexpression was shown to promote HNSCC oncogenesis by inducing C-Myc expression, and the pharmacological inhibition of C-Myc rescued EREG-promoted HNSCC oncogenesis. Unlike other EGFR ligands, EREG could mimic EGFR mutations by sustaining the activation of the EGFR-Erk pathway, and high EREG expression was positively associated with the response to treatment with the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. Furthermore, knockdown of EREG decreased sensitivity to erlotinib treatment in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: These results identify the EREG-EGFR-C-Myc pathway as a crucial axis that drives HNSCC oncogenesis and show that EREG expression could be a predictive functional marker of sensitivity to erlotinib therapy in HNSCC.
Herding Cycles

This paper explores whether rational herding can generate endogenous business cycle fluctuations. We embed a tractable model of rational herding into a business-cycle framework. In the model, technological innovations arrive with unknown quality. New innovations are not immediately productive and agents have dispersed information about how productive the technology will be. Investors decide whether to invest in the technology or not based on their private information and the investment behavior of others. Herd-driven boom-bust cycles may arise endogenously in this environment out of a single impulse shock when the technology is unproductive but investors’ initial information is optimistic and highly correlated. When the technology appears, investors mistakenly attribute the high observed investment rates to high fundamentals, leading to a pattern of increasing optimism and investment until the economy reaches a peak, followed by a crash as agents ultimately realize their mistake. As such, the theory can shed light on bubble-like episodes in which excessive optimism about uncertain technology fueled general macroeconomic expansions that were followed by sudden recessions. We calibrate the model to the U.S. economy and show that the theory can explain boom-and-bust cycles in line with historical episodes like the Dot-Com Bubble of the late 1990s. Leaning-against-thewind policies can be beneficial in this environment as they improve the diffusion of information over the cycle. JEL Classification: E32, D80 E-mail: eschaal@crei.cat, mt763@cornell.edu. We thank Vladimir Asriyan, Andy Atkeson, Olivier Coibion, Pablo Fajgelbaum, Jordi Gali, Wouter den Haan, Nir Jaimovich, Francesco Lippi, Claudio Michelacci, Luigi Paciello, Ricardo Reis, Victor Rios-Rull, Nancy Stokey, Victoria Vanasco, Jaume Ventura, Jon Vogel, Pierre-Olivier Weill and Yi Wen for helpful comments. We thank seminar and conference participants at the University of Texas-Austin, Banco de Chile, Banco de Portugal, University of Chicago, CIGS Tokyo, Cornell University, CREI, University of Edinburgh, EIEF, Federal Reserve Banks of Philadelphia and St. Louis, HKUST, London School of Economics, Paris School of Economics, Society for Economic Dynamics 2018, Sveriges Riksbank, UCLA and the University of Zurich. Edouard Schaal acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness through the program Proyecto I+D Excelencia 2017 (grant ECO2017-87827-P) and through the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-0563).
Microwave-stimulated fixation for histocytochemistry : application to surgical pathology and preembedding immunoelectron microscopy

Microwave (MW)-stimulated fixation was applied to surgical pathology and preembedding immunoelectron microscopy. Fresh specimens were microwavedin the fixatives for 15-30sec using a conventional MW oven (500W) containing 200ml of water load. The temperature of fixatives was raised to 35-45°C. After MW radiation, the specimens were kept in the same fixatives for 1-4hr at 4°C or at room temperature as the postfixation procedure, which was important for the completion of chemical fixation of whole specimens. For light microscopical examination, buffered 10% formalin was used. Hematoxylin-eosin staining from paraffin-embedded specimens was completed within 24hr with excellent preservation of morphology and immunoreactivity. For conventional electron microscopy, MW fixation in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-2% paraformaldehyde showed excellent preservation of cell organelles. For immunoelectron microscopy by the preembedding method, 4% paraformaldehyde solution containing 0.1% glutaraldehyde was used, followed by one hr postfixation. Simultaneous improvement of both ultrastructure and antigenicity were obtained without any significant changes of the results. Our results indicate that MW-stimulated fixation with postfixation procedure is a useful tool for various fields of morphological investigations, and its beneficial effects were most remarkable for the preembedding immunoelectron microscopy technique.
Growth and survival of Japanese littleneck clam Ruditapes philippinarum in cage test related to the sharpness index

Three cage tests for the growth and survival of Japanese littleneck clam juveniles were conducted on the tidal flat of Kuzuma along the coast of Kisarazu district in Chiba Prefecture, Tokyo Bay, and the sharpness index defined as width/length of shell was examined. The area having good conditions for juvenile growth was not consistent with that for a high survival rate, and juveniles with a high survival rate did not always grow faster than those with a low survival rate. Juveniles on the offshore side grew faster than those on the shoreside, but the juvenile survival rate in the intermediate zone of the flat was higher than those on the offshore and shore sides. The juveniles having a high sharpness index tended to show a high survival rate. At the same age, the juveniles with a high sharpness index grew faster than or equal to those with a low sharpness index. But as the sharpness index approached the maximum value on the tidal flat, the shell growth of the juveniles was less than those of younger clams and the sharpness index was lower.
Responses of Kansas Motorists to Snake Models on a Rural Highway

To test if drivers would intentionally hit a snake, a black serpentine-shaped rubber snake or a black hose was placed on the yellow median stripe so that a deliberate response was required to hit the object. The rubber snake was hit more frequently and in shorter time than the hose. When a rubber snake painted bright blue was placed on the median stripe, it proved nearly as attractive a target as the black snake and a much more attractive target than the rubber hose. The rubber hose was also hit sooner when placed in the middle of the driving lane compared with on the median yellow stripe. More truck drivers than non-truck drivers hit the snake when it was on the median stripe. A survey of attitude of 364 college students toward hitting an animal crossing a road showed that both males and females chose to deliberately hit a snake more often than any other animal. These results show that certain drivers deliberately hit snakes and that this behavior is relatively widespread. Large numbers of wildlife are killed on highways daily (Adams and Geis, 1981). Sometimes drivers travel too fast to respond safely to an animal on the road or the animals themselves behave erratically, making it impossible to avoid them. However, certain drivers may deliberately hit an animal. This study examines that possibility, by recording whether drivers ran over a rubber snake more often than a control object. Snakes were the most likely group of animals to evoke a hitting response, given the general public's fear and dislike for them (Morris and Morris, 1965; Steinhart, 1984; Wilson, 1984).
Leaf trait variation captures climate differences but differs with species irrespective of functional group

Aims To clarify whether variation in leaf traits with climate differs with scale, i.e. across species and within a species, and to detect whether plant functional group affects species-specific response. Methods Leaf dry matter content (LDMC), specific leaf area (SLA), massand area-based leaf N (Nmass, Narea) and leaf P concentrations (Pmass, Parea) and leaf chlorophyll concentration (SPAD) were measured for 92 woody plant species in two botanical gardens in China. The two gardens share plant species in common but differ in climate. Leaf trait variation between the two gardens was examined via mean comparison at three scales: all species together, species grouped into plant functional groups and within a species. A meta-analysis was performed to summarize the species-specific responses. Important Findings At the scale of all species together, LDMC, SLA, Pmass and Nmass were significantly lower in the dry-cold habitat than in the wet-warm one, whereas Narea and SPAD showed an inverse pattern, indicating a significant environmental effect. The meta-analysis showed that the above-mentioned patterns persisted for SLA, Narea and SPAD but not for the other variables at the species-specific scale, indicating that intraspecific variation affects the overall pattern of LDMC, Pmass and Nmass and Parea. In terms of species-specific response, positive, negative or nonsignificant patterns were observed among the 92 species. Contrary to our prediction, species-specific responses within a functional group were not statistically more similar than those among functional groups. Our results indicated that leaf trait variation captured climatic difference yet species-specific responses were quite diverse irrespective of plant functional group, providing new insights for interpreting trait variability with climate.