Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of soil pH and texture on the growth and nodulation of lupins

Lupins characteristically grow poorly on fine-textured, alkaline or poorly drained soils. Little, however, is understood about which components of these soils affects lupin growth.Lupinus . sangustifolius, L. albus and L. cosentinii were grown at both an acid and an alkaline soil pH on a sandy clay loam and a sand with or without additional NH4NO3. Plant growth was poorest on the fine-textured, alkaline soil where emergence was inhibited and plants were chlorotic. Plant growth was also lower on the acidified fine-textured soil compared to the acid sand. Problems were related to the poor physical structure of the sandy clay loam. Poor growth and chlorosis of plants appeared to be caused by Fe deficiency and was unlikely to be due to Mn, Zn or Cu deficiencies. There was no effect of NH4NO3 on the growth of plants.Poor emergence and Fe deficiency therefore appear to be important factors restricting growth of lupins on the alkaline, sandy clay loam used in this experiment. Nitrogen fixation docs not appear to be a limiting factor.
Do the dietary compositions of Acanthopagrus butcheri in four estuaries and a coastal lake vary with body size and season and within and amongst these water bodies

The dietary compositions were determined for Acanthopagrus butcheri in four estuaries and a saline, coastal lake, which vary in the extent, if any, of their connection to the sea and amongst which, in spring and summer, their salinities ranged from 2 to 7‰ in an intermittently open estuary to >40‰ in a normally closed estuary. The dietary compositions of A. butcheri in each of the five water bodies were significantly different, which reflected differences in the abundance of different components of the biota in those systems. Biotic differences amongst water bodies thus accounted for the far larger contributions made to the volume of the stomach contents by the macroalgae Cladophora sp. in the Moore River Estuary on the lower west coast of Australia, by amphipods and decapods in the Swan River Estuary 85 km further south and by polychaetes in the landlocked Lake Clifton a further 85 km further south. The diet of A. butcheri in the Nornalup/Walpole Estuary on the south coast of Western Australia contained atypically large volumes of the seagrass Ruppia megacarpa and teleosts, whereas that in the normally closed Wellstead Estuary, 260 km to the east was characterised by large volumes of the macroalgae Chaetomorpha sp. and a tube-dwelling amphipod. However, there is evidence that A. butcheri selects certain prey, when two or more of the typical prey of A. butcheri are present in the environment, and that it prefers to feed on or above the substratum, rather than within the substratum. The dietary composition of A. butcheri underwent pronounced ontogenetic changes in each water body, these being progressive in estuaries on the lower west coast and abrupt in those on the south coast. Within the upper Swan Estuary, the dietary composition changed in an upstream direction, reflecting changes in the relative abundance of certain benthic macroinvertebrate prey, but did not undergo conspicuous seasonal changes, which is consistent with the lack of any clear cut seasonal changes in the abundance of their major prey.
Use of differently enriched rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, during larviculture of haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus: effects on early growth, survival and body lipid composition

We evaluated the effects of enriched rotifers on growth, survival and on the lipid composition of haddock larvae. The treatments tested were (1) AlgaMac 2000®, (2) AquaGrow® Advantage and (3) Pavlova sp. paste and AlgaMac 2000®. The treatments did not influence larval growth rate throughout the experimental period (P = 0.70). Larvae from all treatments grew approximately 8% of their dry weight per day between 1 and 29 days post hatch (dph). Treatment 3 resulted in the best survival, estimated to be 3 on a scale from 0 to 5, whereas for the two other groups the survival estimates were 0 and 2. Rotifers from treatment 1 had low sterol concentrations, high eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio and their feeding resulted in high larval mortality. Rotifers enriched with Pavlova sp. had the lowest proportions of the sum of saturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and sum of ω3 and the highest proportions of the sum of monounsaturated fatty acids (ΣMUFA). This was partially reflected in larvae from treatment 3 in that they had the highest proportions of ΣMUFA and the lowest proportions of Σω3 (P < 0.0001 for both analyses). In addition, these larvae had the highest and lowest ΣC20 and ΣC22 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) respectively (P < 0.0001 for both analyses). We suggest that more research with ω3 and ω6 PUFA can lead to improvements in the rearing of haddock larvae produced in hatcheries.
Development and evaluation of iron microencapsules for milk fortification

Iron microencapsulation is one of the best approaches to achieve controlled iron release in fortified foods as it not only reduces the apparent organoleptic problems but also increases the bioavailability of iron. The present study was carried out to prepare iron microencapsules using different methods for food fortification. Microencapsules were prepared using liposome, fatty acid esters (FAE), freeze-drying and emulsification methods. Among all the microencapsules, those prepared using FAE method resulted in lowest encapsulation efficiency (EE); however, highest EE was observed for emulsification method. Three microencapsules were selected for fortification of milk, i.e. egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes, sodium alginate (SA) and modified starch microencapsules prepared by freeze-drying method and SA microencapsules prepared by emulsification method that had EE 64.047%, 62.972% and 74.850%, respectively. Sensory analysis revealed that SA and MS microencapsules fortified milk containing 10 mg/L iron, resembled control (unfortified) milk the most as compared to others.
The effects of a 30-minute napping opportunity during an actual night shift on performance and sleepiness in shift workers**

Sleepiness due to sleep loss and circadian factors can have a detrimental effect on performance, and contribute to road and workplace accidents. A brief nap taken during or immediately before a night shift may alleviate sleepiness both at work and on the road after work. This study investigated the effects of a 30-minute napping opportunity before or during an actual night shift. Performance was evaluated in three repeated-measures, crossover conditions; a nap prior to night shift (20:15 h), a nap during night shift (04:00 h) and no nap. Eight healthy nightshift workers completed a simulated driving task, the Psychomotor Vigilance Task and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale at the start, end, and during an actual night shift. No significant improvement in performance was observed at the end of the night shift in either nap condition. A 30-minute napping opportunity was not sufficient to overcome the deleterious effects of sleep loss and circadian effects on performance during a first night shift, with no prior daytime sleep.
Nucleotide sequence of the N gene of watermelon silver mottle virus, a proposed new member of the genus Tospovirus

A virus isolated from watermelon was previously identified as tomato spotted wilt-like virus in the genus Tospovirus of the family Bunyaviridae. The virus, designated Tospo-W, contains a nucleocapsid (N) protein serologically unrelated to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) or impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV). In this study, double-stranded RNAs of Tospo-W were extracted from virus-infected tobacco and used for cDNA cloning. A cDNA clone, pWN12, that was selected from a cDNA library to the separated S dsRNA, contained 1,200 nucleotides including the entire N ORF that encodes a protein of 275 amino acids with a predicted M r of 30,657. Comparison of the nucleic acid sequence of the Tospo-W N gene with those of the other five tospoviruses revealed that their identity percentages were 54.4-55.9%. The degrees of similarity at the amino acid level were only 39.6-46.1%. In vitro transcription and translation of the clone pWN12 generated a protein of 31 kDa, similar to the authentic N protein and reacted specifically with the antibody to the Tospo-W N protein. A nick-translated DNA probe from the insert of pWN12 reacted with RNAs extracted from plants infected with Tospo-W or with a tospovirus isolate from melon, but not with RNAs from plants infected with three TSWV isolates or three INSV isolates. The low-degree homology of the N gene with other tospoviruses coupled with the lack of cross hybridization using a Tospo-W-specific cDNA probe suggests that Tospo-W, renamed as watermelon silver mottle virus, is a distinct member of the genus Tospovirus
Concentrate Supplementation Effects on the Performance of Early Weaned Calves Grazing Tifton 85 Bermudagrass

Early weaning of calves (Bos sp.) may increase pregnancy rates of primiparous beef cows; however, there is little information on nutritional management of the calf. The objective of this study was to evaluate calf responses to dietary supplement level [10, 15, and 20 g kg -1 of calf body weight (BW)] when 'Tifton 85' bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) was the summer component of a pasture-based system for raising early weaned calves. Supplement contained 146 and 700 g kg of crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN), respectively. Soils were Adamsville and Sparr sands. Pastures were rotationally stocked using a 7-d grazing and 14-d rest period. A variable stocking rate was used to maintain similar herbage allowances across treatments. There were no differences among treatments in pregraze herbage mass, herbage accumulation rate, or herbage CP and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) concentrations. Average daily gain (ADG, 0.52-0.65 kg), stocking rate [SR, 11.1-13.7 animal units (AU) ha -1 ],and liveweight gain (LWG, 1080-1550 kg ha -1 ) increased linearly, but grazing time decreased linearly from 193 to 147 min d -1 as supplementation increased from 10 to 20 g kg -1 . Income (the value of calf gain - purchase cost of concentrate ha -1 ) was greater for the 15 g kg -1 BW treatment than the average of the 10 and 20 g kg -1 treatments. Gains of 0.65 kg d -1 were achieved when early weaned calves were fed concentrate at 15 g kg -1 BW while grazing Tifton 85 pastures that were managed to provide high nutritive value forage.
Contribución al conocimiento de los Anfípodos (Gammaridea) de Ibiza, islas Baleares

Durante la campaña oceanográfica Fauna III, organizada por el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (CSIC) dentro del contexto del Proyecto Fauna Ibérica, se recolectaron diversas muestras cualitativas, tanto planctónicas como bentónicas, alrededor de las Islas Baleares y Columbretes. Con el presente trabajo se dan a conocer los resultados obtenidos del estudio de los Anfípodos (Gammaridea) de las muestras bentónicas de dicha campaña, correspondientes al entorno de la isla de Ibiza. Bellan-Santini y Rufo (1998) señalan que la fauna de anfípodos del Mediterráneo, cuya superficie constituye alrededor del 2% de todos los océanos del mundo, representa aproximadamente el 10% de todas las especies marinas conocidas. Dichos autores presentan la distribución geográfica de las 48 familias, 167 géneros y 451 especies que, en aquel momento, habían sido citadas en este mar. En Mediterráneo occidental están presentes al menos 405 de las 451 especies de anfípodos citadas (Bellan-Santini y Rufo, 1998), por lo que es la zona más rica en especies de dichos crustáceos en el Mediterráneo (Bellan-Santini y Ruffo, 1998). Se ha elegido, precisamente, una área concreta dentro del Mediterráneo occidental, como es la isla de Ibiza y su entorno, de la que se disponían muestras de un gran rango batimétrico y de hábitats, a fin de valorar la representación de los anfípodos en la misma, dentro del contexto de la revisión de Bellan-Santini y Rufo (1998). En el único trabajo previo que conocemos en el que se citan especies de este grupo de crustáceos en Ibiza es el de Ballesteros et al. (1987), que estudian las especies encontradas en 16 localidades de la mencionada isla y en 2 localidades de Formentera. Aunque no se especifican las especies para cada una de las islas en particular, puede suponerse que la mayoría estén presentes en Ibiza, ya que es donde se recolectó más intensamente. Los datos de las muestras de Ibiza de la campaña Fauna III en que han aparecido anfípodos (todas ellas obtenidas entre el 5 y el 10 de julio de 1994) se presentan en la Tabla 1. La lista de las especies obtenidas de dichas muestras se ofrece en la Tabla 2 y el ordenamiento taxonómico seguido es el propuesto por Ruffo (1982-1998). El material estudiado ha sido depositado íntegramente en la colección del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, España.
How will climate variability interact with long-term climate change to affect the persistence of plant species in fragmented landscapes?

SUMMARY As climates change, some plant species will need to migrate across landscapes fragmented by unsuitable environments and human activities to colonize new areas with suitable climates as previously habited areas become uninhabitable. Previous modelling of plant's migration potential has generally assumed that climate changes at a constant rate, but this ignores many potentially important aspects of real climate variability. In this study, a spatially explicit simulation model was used to investigate how interannual climate variability, the occurrence of extreme events and step changes in climate might interact with gradual long-term climate change to affect plant species’ capacity to migrate across fragmented landscapes and persist. The considered types of climate variability generally exacerbated the negative effects of long-term climate change, with a few poignant exceptions where persistence of long-lived trees improved. Strategic habitat restoration ameliorated negative effects of climate variability. Plant functional characteristics strongly influenced most results. Any modelling of how climate change may affect species persistence, and how actions such as restoration may help species adapt, should account for both short-term climate variability and long-term change.
Pediculose capitis: prevalência em escolares da Rede Municipal Pública de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil

During 1985, 50,356 children and adolecents from 105 public schools of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State were questioned about or examined for head lice (Pediculus capitis). The mean prevalence of pediculosis, obtainde from the questionnaires and sometimes confirmed by head inspections, was 7.7% or else 10.2% when adjusted to 38,311 respondents. Current and past infestations combined - within a period of three months before survey - revealed a total prevalence of 57.4%. Significant differences were observed among socioeconomic levels, and grades of school age. The more prevalent categories among the factors studied were: sex - femal: 9.2% (P<0.001); ethnic group - white: 10.0% (P<0.001); hair length - long: 9.5% (P<0.05); year age-group - 1-5 years: 19.2% (P<0.001), with a peak in the 5th year (21.3%).
Montanoceratops cerorhynchus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) and relationships among basal neoceratopsians

ABSTRACT Montanoceratops cerorhynchus has been described as the sister group of Ceratopsidae, even though analyses and diagnosis of this taxon have been tentative and incomplete. A second specimen of M. cerorhynchus includes new diagnostic elements, most notably a partial skull including the caudal half of the braincase, pectoral girdle and manus. Results of a cladistic analysis of eight basal neoceratopsians (Protoceratops, Leptoceratops, Bagaceratops, Microceratops, Breviceratops, Montanoceratops, Asiaceratops, and Udanoceratops) and four ceratopsids (Centrosaurus, Anchiceratops, Chasmosaurus, and Styracosaurus) confirm Montanoceratops as the sister group of Ceratopsidae. Microceratops and Asiaceratops are positioned at the base of Neoceratopsia. Protoceratops, Leptoceratops, and Udanoceratops constitute a monophyletic Protoceratopsidae. Paleogeographical interpretation of the cladogram suggests that Neoceratopsia originated in Asia, and that there were at least two migrations of ceratopsians from Asia .
CHANGES IN EDIBLE FATS AND OILS DURING PROCESSING

Fats and oils are essential nutrients for humans and animals. They are the most concentrated source of energy by contributing 9 kcal/g lipid, serve as carrier of fatsoluble vitamins and provide essential fatty acids. Fats and oils give flavor and taste to the foods, and also serve as a heat transfer medium. The lipid molecules undergo different chemical reactions during processing starting from separation from their raw sources to the storage. Chemical changes of lipids occurring during processing are numerous and can be desirable, undesirable, of questionable consequence, or a combination thereof. This review discusses the chemical changes of lipids that occur during various types of processing. Specific changes in the minor constituents of lipids are also included.
The categorization and analysis on the geographic distribution patterns of Chinese alien invasive plants.

We used the literature, field investigations, specimen records and taxonomic research to categorize 515 alien invasive plant species from 72 families and 285 genera reported from China according to their biological and ecological characters, extent of spread within China, and amount of damage caused. Each species was put into one of 5 categories: malignant invasion (34 species), serious invasion (69 species), local invasion (85 species), general invasion (80 species), and species requiring further observation (247 species). According to our analyses of geographic distributional patterns, Chinese alien invasive plants were highly con668 生 物 多 样 性 Biodiversity Science 第 22 卷 centrated in the southwestern and eastern coastal provinces of China, and were rapidly spreading to inland China. These categories and distributional patterns of alien invasive plants could help to assess and control their invasive risk. Our results provide baseline information on Chinese alien invasive plants; and, at the same time, we put forward preliminary suggestions for further study, public education and the management of the important alien invasive plants in China.
Ekman estimates of upwelling at cape columbine based on measurements of longshore wind from a 35-year time-series

Cape Columbine is a prominent headland on the south-west coast of Africa at approximately 32°50´S, where there is a substantial upwelling tongue, enhancing the ambient upwelling on the shelf, produced by wind-stress curl. From hourly records of wind measured there, the longshore component of wind stress was calculated and the consequent Ekman transport arising through the coastal divergence was estimated.
Early Life History of Striped Bass in the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal and Vicinity

Abstract The spawning season of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the vicinity of the Chesapeake and Delaware (C & D) Canal (between upper Chesapeake Bay and the lower Delaware River) usually extended from mid-April through mid-June (1973–1977), but most of the eggs and the resultant larvae were produced each year during a short period of intensive spawning at water temperatures of 13.5–18.0 C. Spawning was centered in two areas, upper Chesapeake Bay (south of Turkey Point) and the western part of the C & D Canal. Net eastward flow of tidal currents in the C & D Canal transported most of the eggs and larvae spawned there to the Delaware River where survival usually was poor. Eggs, yolk-sac larvae, and early postyolk-sac larvae were most abundant near the bottom of the navigation channel. Increases in current velocity from western to eastern parts of the study area decreased vertical stratification of each life stage. Movement from the channel to inshore areas began shortly after absorption of the yolk. Y.
Sillago suezensis, a new whiting from the northern Red Sea, and status of Sillago erythraea Cuvier (Teleostei: Sillaginidae)

The status of Sillago erythraea Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829 is re-examined. A lectotype designation by McKay in 1985 fixes it as a junior synonym of Sillago sihama (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775), which is restricted to the southern Red Sea. Northern Red Sea populations previously assigned to S. sihama or S. erythraea, are here described as Sillago suezensis sp. nov. Sillago suezensis is also distributed in the eastern Mediterranean Sea due to Lessepsian immigration through the Suez Canal. The new species is characterized within the Sillago sihama group, which has the swimbladder divided posteriorly into two tapering extensions projecting below the vertebral column extending into the tail musculature, by the absence of scales on the preopercle and on most of the opercle, a total number of 34 vertebrae, the swimbladder with lateral extensions each spreading a blind tubule anterolaterally, and a low position of the nostril. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B289CDF4-AE82-44D3-9AE1-4A2B514AD348
Inhibitory effect of Tamarindus indica and Carica papaya on egg hatch larva mortality of Meloidogyne incognita

Essentially, the most effective control of plant parasitic nematodes involves the use of synthetic nematicide. However, apart from their very high cost, increased concern on the environment has necessitated a reduction in the amount of nematicides used for nematode control. In view of these, this research work was conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of root extract of Tamarindus indica and Carica papaya at different concentrations S (100% concentration), “S/2” (50% concentration), “S/10” (10% concentration) and “S/100”(1% concentration) in the inhibition of egg hatch and mortality of larva of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita . The experiment was laid out in a completely randomised design and replicated four times. Combination of equal proportion of T. indica and C . papaya root extract indicated that all the concentrations inhibited egg hatch. The standard solution S of all the selected botanicals were more toxic and effective at (p ≤ 0.05) than the other concentrations. Similarly, combinations of root extracts of T. indica and C. papaya were the most effective of all the selected botanicals in the inhibition of egg hatch and larvae mortality, followed by T. indica root extracts and then C. papaya root extracts.
QUALITY ATTRIBUTES, PECTOLYTIC ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING POSTHARVEST RIPENING OF NECTARINE

The postharvest ripening at 20C and 90-95% RHfor 10 days of 'Armking' nectarine grown in a greenhouse was investigated over two seasons. Firmness, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, pH and maturity index were all adequate to stablish the rate ofripening. However, soluble solids content and reducing and non-reducing sugars showed no significant changes. It took about 10 days for very early ripening fruit (100 g weight and 82 N firmness) and 6 days for normal early ripening fruits (115 g weight and 46 N firmness), both harvested at preclimacteric stage, to become eating ripe (near 20 N). Total weight loss and decay after 10 days was approximately 11%. During ripening there was a temporal coincidence among higher rates of ethylene production, higher pectinmethylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities, lower firmness and acidity and higher maturity index. PME and PG activities increased during ripening, with a highly negative linear correlation between activities of the two enzymes and firmness. In very early ripening fruit, PME activity was more closely related to softening than PG, whereas in normal early ripening fruit, PG activity was slightly more closely linked to the loss of firmness than PME.