Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tropical cyclone‐ocean interaction in Typhoon Megi (2010)—A synergy study based on ITOP observations and atmosphere‐ocean coupled model simulations

A mesoscale model coupling the Weather Research and Forecasting model and the three‐dimensional Price‐Weller‐Pinkel ocean model is used to investigate the dynamical ocean response to Megi (2010). It is found that Megi induces sea surface temperature (SST) cooling very differently in the Philippine Sea (PS) and the South China Sea (SCS). The results are compared to the in situ measurements from the Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific (ITOP) 2010 field experiment, satellite observations, and ocean analysis field from Eastern Asian Seas Ocean Nowcast/Forecast System of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. The uncoupled and coupled experiments simulate relatively accurately the track and intensity of Megi over PS; however, the simulated intensity of Megi over SCS varies significantly among the experiments. Only the experiment coupled with three‐dimensional ocean processes, which generates rational SST cooling, reasonably simulates the storm intensity in SCS. Our results suggest that storm translation speed and upper ocean thermal structure are two main factors responsible for Megi's distinct different impact over PS and over SCS. In addition, it is shown that coupling with one‐dimensional ocean process (i.e., only vertical mixing process) is not enough to provide sufficient ocean response, especially under slow translation speed (~2–3 m s−1), during which vertical advection (or upwelling) is significant. Therefore, coupling with three‐dimensional ocean processes is necessary and crucial for tropical cyclone forecasting. Finally, the simulation results show that the stable boundary layer forms on top of the Megi‐induced cold SST area and increases the inflow angle of the surface wind.
The Palaeobiology of the False Mako Shark, Parotodus benedenii (Le Hon, 1871): A View from the Pliocene Mediterranean Sea

The extinct “false mako” shark, Parotodus benedenii (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), is essentially known from large, robust teeth that are widespread but overall rare in Oligocene to Pliocene deposits worldwide. More than 150 years after its description, this species still represents a palaeontological conundrum, as very little is known about its body aspect and palaeoecology. Here, we describe new specimens of P. benedenii from the Pliocene of Tuscany, central Italy. These new finds comprise some of the geologically youngest finds of P. benedenii worldwide, witnessing to the survival of false makos until the Late Pliocene at least, which in turn suggests that P. benedenii may have been the latest surviving member of the family Otodontidae. Building upon a thorough literature review, we provide an updated synthesis of the palaeobiology of P. benedenii. In light of the morphological evidence, and considering previously published suggestions, P. benedenii may be reconstructed as a large-sized, carnivorous shark that dwelt in pelagic settings and fed primarily on large, soft prey and scavenging items. Thus, some ecological partitioning did likely exist between P. benedenii and other elasmobranch apex predators of the Neogene mid-latitude seas (including, in Pliocene times, the extant species Carcharodon carcharias, Carcharhinus leucas and Galeocerdo cuvier).
Song Lyrics as a Historical Source in Indonesia

Song lyrics are one of the historical sources that historians have not adequately utilized. Such historical sources are considered to contain information on historical events. So far, song lyrics are considered the product of the songwriter's imagination, so they have no valid information. Song lyrics are similar to literary works such as poetry or prose. Literary experts argue that most literary works have references to actual events. Thus, both song lyrics and literary works can be used as alternative historical sources to complement official sources. The purpose of this study is to explore songs in Indonesia whose lyrics refer to actual events in history, even though the song is the product of the songwriter's imagination. The method used in this study is the historical method by selecting song lyrics that are considered to tell events and are associated with historical narratives in the context of a certain place and time. Most of those songs are ballads which are used as data sources. The results show several songwriters and ballad singers in Indonesia whose songs refer to actual events include Iwan Fals, Ebiet G. Ade, Rhoma Irama, and Benyamin Sueb. Their songs contain information about the reality of lower-class people living in Jakarta from 1950s to 1980s. Using song lyrics as a historical source will enrich historical narratives written by historians to contain psychological aspects as when the event occurred as written by the songwriters.Lirik lagu merupakan salah satu sumber sejarah yang belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik oleh para ahli sejarah. Sumber sejarah semacam itu dianggap mengandung informasi tentang peristiwa sejarah. Selama ini lirik lagu dianggap sebagai hasil imajinasi pencipta lagu, sehingga dianggap tidak memiliki informasi yang valid. Lirik lagu sebenarnya mirip dengan karya sastra seperti puisi atau prosa. Pakar sastra berpendapat bahwa sebagian besar karya sastra memiliki rujukan pada peristiwa aktual. Dengan demikian, baik lirik lagu maupun karya sastra dapat dijadikan sumber sejarah alternatif untuk melengkapi sumber resmi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi lagu-lagu di Indonesia yang liriknya mengacu pada peristiwa aktual dalam sejarah, meskipun lagu tersebut merupakan hasil imajinasi penulis lagu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah dengan memilih lirik lagu yang dianggap menceritakan peristiwa dan dikaitkan dengan narasi sejarah dalam konteks tempat dan waktu tertentu. Sebagian besar dari lagu-lagu tersebut adalah balada yang digunakan sebagai sumber data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa pencipta lagu dan penyanyi ballad di Indonesia yang lagunya mengacu pada kejadian sebenarnya antara lain Iwan Fals, Ebiet G. Ade, Rhoma Irama, dan Benyamin Sueb. Lagu-lagu mereka berisi informasi tentang realitas masyarakat kelas bawah yang tinggal di Jakarta pada tahun 1950-an hingga 1980-an. Penggunaan lirik lagu sebagai sumber sejarah akan memperkaya narasi sejarah yang ditulis oleh para sejarawan agar mengandung aspek-aspek psikologis seperti saat terjadinya peristiwa yang ditulis oleh para pencipta lagu.
Fine structure and microstructure characteristics across the northwest Atlantic Subtropical Front

Vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, horizontal velocity, rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy, and thermal variance are used to examine the parameterization of turbulent mixing associated with internal waves in an upper ocean front. Previous attempts to quantify the rate of turbulent dissipation [e.g., Gregg, 1989; Polzin et al., 1995] are based upon dynamical models of wave-wave interactions using the Garrett and Munk [1979] (GM) spectrum. Non-GM conditions (vertical and horizontal anisotropy, deviations in vertical wavenumber and frequency spectral shapes, and the presence of a background flow) may affect the character of wave interactions, altering the upwavenumber energy flux, which is equated with the rate of turbulent dissipation. Non-GM conditions in the data are documented, and revisions to the wave-wave interaction models are discussed. Additionally, the strength of wave-wave interactions is directly compared with the strength of wave-mean flow interactions. These data indicate that the dissipation rate is relatively insensitive to the presence of a background flow and anisotropic wave conditions, in agreement with theoretical expectations based upon wave-wave interaction models and a model of wave-mean flow interaction at high background Richardson number. These data support the findings of Polzin et al. [1995], who argue that the dissipation rate is most sensitive to variations in wave frequency.
Using Project-Based Learning Through the Madrasati Platform for Mathematics Teaching in Secondary Schools

This study investigated the effect of using project-based learning (PBL) through the Madrasati Platform on third-grade secondary students' mathematical achievement, problem-solving skills, and attitudes towards mathematics in a public school in Saudi Arabia. The experimental group received PBL instruction, while the control group received traditional instruction. Pre- and post-tests and surveys were used to assess the groups. Results indicated that the experimental group had significantly higher scores on the mathematical achievement and problem-solving skills tests and more positive attitudes towards mathematics than the control group. The study concludes that PBL through the Madrasati Platform can effectively enhance mathematics education and highlights the need for further research on technology-based platforms.
Epigenetic Dolomitization and the Origin of Xenotopic Dolomite Texture

ABSTRACT Xenotopic texture, which is commonly observed in pre-Cenozoic rocks, is defined here as a mosaic of anhedral crystals with irregular or curved intercrystalline boundaries and, usually, undulatory extinction. Xenotopic dolomite texture is similar in appearance to neomorphic limestone textures. Idiotopic dolomite texture (euhedral to subhedral crystals with straight, intercrystalline boundaries) contrasts with xenotopic texture and is commonly observed in both Cenozoic and more ancient dolomites. Texture may be controlled by the temperature at which crystals grow. Crystal growth theory predicts that at low temperature a smooth crystal surface is energetically favored, and atoms are added to crystal faces layer by layer with dislocations acting as nucleation sites. This results in faceted crystals and euhedral to subhedral crystal mosaics. Above a "critical roughening temperature" (CRT), a rough surface is energetically favored, surface nucleation does not require dislocations, and atoms are randomly added to the crystal surface, resulting in nonfaceted growth and an anhedral crystal mosaic. It is hypothesized that a "critical roughening temperature" exists for dolomite above 50°C. Xenotopic dolomites are produced by dolomitization of limestone and/or neomorphic recrystallization of dolomite at elevated temperature (above the CRT) after burial. Idiotopic dolomites are produced below the CRT by near-surface processes and are occasionally produced above CRT if growth-inhibiting effects of the solution or impurities stabilize crystal faces. Calcite has a CRT below 25°C and, therefore, develops anhedral crystal mosaics (characteristic of neomorphic texture) both at near-surface and at elevated temperatures. Synthetic xenotopic dolomite was produced in the laboratory at 250°C and 300°C by dolomitization of aragonite and calcite skeletal fragments and by recrystallization (neomorphism) of nonstoichiometric Cenozoic dolomites. Xenotopic dolomite resulted from the metamorphic recrystallization of the idiotopic Hueco dolomite (Permian, Texas) near the Marble Canyon intrusion, at temperatures between 350°C and 600°C. Hydrothermal dolomitization of periclase-calcite marble near the intrusion also resulted in a xenotopic texture. Xenotopic dolomite in the Galena Group (Ordovician, Wisconsin) was produced by neomorphism of a preexisting dolomite during the emplacement of lead-zinc sulfides at temperatures between 80°C and 227°C. In the Trenton Limestone (Ordovician, Michig n), xenotopic dolomite replaced limestone during the migration of hot (> 50°C) fluids along fracture systems. Xenotopic dolomite was not observed in Cenozoic dolomites that were subjected to temperatures near surface values only.
Thermochronology of the high-pressure metamorphic rocks of Crete, Greece: Implications for the speed of tectonic processes

New fission-track thermochronologic data from the high-pressure ( P )–low-temperature ( T ) rocks of Crete, Greece, combined with pressure, temperature, and stratigraphic constraints reveal that their subduction began between 36 and 29 Ma. Metamorphism took place in western Crete at peak conditions of 10 ± 2 kbar and 400 ± 50 °C between 24 and 19 Ma, and rapid exhumation to <10 km and <300 °C at a minimum rate of 4 km/m.y. was completed before 19 Ma. Constraints from the thermal history of the plate above the inferred extensional detachment reveal that tectonic unroofing contributed 85% to 90% of the overall exhumation of the high- P –low- T rocks of Crete. We propose that the Hellenic subduction zone has acted as a retreating plate boundary since at least the early Oligocene, and collision and extension during this time were driven by roll-back associated with slab-pull rather than by gravitational collapse as a consequence of crustal thickening. The speed of subduction and exhumation of the high- P –low- T rocks of Crete within ∼10 m.y. has important implications for other orogenic belts, showing that rocks can be subducted, metamorphosed at high pressure, and exhumed, despite slow overall plate convergence, within the uncertainties of many paleontologic and isotopic age data.
Comparison Of Untypical Meteorological Years (umy) And Their Influence On Building Energy Performance Simulations

Three versions (type 1, 2 and 3) of untypical climate data based on the Weather Year for Energy Calculations 2 (WYEC2) methodology were calculated. The following parameters were altered in comparison with standard WYEC2 year: the average value of a total daily amount of solar radiation; the average and maximum wind speed; the average, minimum and maximum dry bulb temperature; the average, minimum and maximum dew point temperature. These new meteorological years were used for energy simulation of well-known building types used for ANSI 140 standard tests ‐ Building Energy Simulation Test (BESTEST). Results of energy simulations were compared with base typical meteorological years to determine the influence of each meteorological parameter, that was altered while determining new climate data. The calculations were made for four orientations (north, south, east and west) for cases: 600, 610, 900 and 910 of BESTEST. Cases were located in the centre of Poland. It is important that the simulations with new meteorological years were not compared with BESTEST simulations output. The results were obtained with an hourly time step and include: total annual heating and cooling energy demands and transient heat fluxes. In addition, the effects of various types of meteorological years on the criterion of comfort - Percentage People Dissatisfied (PPD) parameter were analysed. Comparison of the results computed for Untypical Meteorological Years (UMY) with typical meteorological year shows that the UMY files have strong application potential, especially in building performance simulations of energy and power demands for heating. In simulations of cooling energy and power demands, UMY files assure comparable results to typical weather files.
A time study and description of the work methods for the field work in the National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden

Fieldwork is an essential part of forest or environmental inventories and has one of the biggest parts of the budget, but the way in which the resources are distributed is usually unknown. The use of a time study of the inventory fieldwork seems to be a good approach to understand the way the resources are distributed. Time studies have already been used for many years in the industry and in the forest sector in order to analyze and optimize the working methods. This study applies this methodology to study fieldwork of the National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden, (NILS) during the season 2004. NILS survey the biological diversity, its factors and other cultural and recreational values from a national perspective and study its changes over time. Fieldwork is done by teams of two persons distributed along the whole of Sweden and includes transportation, field inventory and administrative work. Each team spend an average of two hours and 25 minutes travelling to the location of the area of study every working day, in addition they have to walk an average of 16 minutes. The field inventory is divided into plots and lines. The average time per each plot done by two persons is 34 minutes. The average time per each line done by two persons is 18 minutes. The average time spend by a team in the administrative work is 42 minutes every day. The estimation of the cost of each plot is 1592 SEK and each line 859 SEK. There are 7572 plots and lines distributed in to 631 landscape areas to be inventoried one fifth every year in a cycle of five years. The main factors that influence the consumed time considered in this study are: Area, number of divisions of the plot, number of intersections found in the line and presence of obstacles that makes the plot or parts of the line inaccessible. There are some other factors that should be analyzed in future studies by comparison of the time consumed and the data obtained in the inventory. The working method used by the different teams was very similar with only a few differences often due to the differences between the areas. There is a great potential to continue this line of investigation within inventories since there is not much done in this direction.
High Spatial Resolution OFDR System Based on Independent Component Analysis Algorithm for Long-Range Distributed Strain Measurement

In this study, a high spatial resolution optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) based on independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed sensing system, two-dimensional (2D) images with wavelength shift information induced by applied strains as a function of fiber position are constructed by utilizing the data arrays obtained after cross-correlation processing of the reference signal and measurement signals of each sensing fiber segment. The ICA algorithm, as an effective 2D image denoising technique, is applied to the constructed 2D images to remove random noise and improve the sensing accuracy of the system so as to realize long-range distributed strain measurement with high spatial resolution. Compared with traditional 2D image denoising methods including the Gaussian filtering (GF) method and the wavelet denoising (WD) method, ICA method makes full use of the independence of image source information and noise information, which is able to effectively suppress the intensification of noise without compromising the source information. With no modification on the OFDR hardware system, strain gradient information is successfully extracted over an effective sensing distance of 75 m with a spatial resolution up to 2 mm by using the ICA method. The calculated mean strain measurement error for the ICA method is 5.45 μϵ, which is significantly improved compared to the error of 72.73 μϵ when no image denoising method is applied and reduced by approximately half compared to the errors when traditional GF method and WD method are used. The mean standard deviations of the measured strain gradient along the sensing fiber length for the proposed method, the GF method and the WD method are reduced by 93.42%, 76.99%, and 84.56%, respectively, compared to the raw data without any denoising processing, showing excellent smoothness of the recovered strain profiles. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the proposed method is improved by 23.17 dB, which is better than 14.8 dB of GF and 19.1 dB of WD. The experimental results show that the proposed method provides a new solution for OFDR system on achieving long-distance distributed strain sensing with high spatial resolution.
Circuit Optimization over Multiple Process Corners for Analog Electronic Design Automation

In electronic design automation (EDA), performance deviations caused by process variations need to be tackled adequately. In this paper, we present a framework to address this issue by utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) structured in a ‘grey-box’ format, which combines a ‘clear box’ representing existing circuit knowledge and ‘black box’ learning through simulation data. This framework accelerates circuit sizing over multiple process corners for a more robust design through multi-objective optimization. First, a reference solution set is selected and associated with weight variables to reformulate the original problem as a low-dimensional single-objective optimization problem. Then Bayesian optimization is used to improve the performance deviation of the circuit at different process corners for better process stability. By shifting between different process corners with high-quality solutions, the algorithmic efficiency is increased with a reduced simulation cost. Experiments show that the proposed framework outperforms an expert human designer and three state-of-the-art machine learning approaches to analog circuit sizing, offering the best results with the least circuit simulations and up to an 80% performance boost over the human design.
Beyond magnetotelluric decomposition: Induction, current channeling, and magnetotelluric phases over 90°

[1] This paper presents a method to examine strong current channeling affecting the magnetotelluric (MT) impedances, going beyond existing tensor decomposition schemes. The method allows recognition of elongated conductors in the crust and is also useful for a qualitative recognition of general three-dimensional (3-D) high-conductivity anomalies. This has been tested with synthetic data from 3-D and 2-D anisotropic models. The current channeling analysis has been applied to MT data collected in the Andean subduction zone, where the Atacama megafault system close to the Pacific Ocean and oriented subparallel to the coast line is located. The analysis suggests the presence of vertical dike-like conductors of limited lateral extent along the fault zone. Several MT sites distributed along the faults have impedance phases of the electric field tangential to the local azimuth far exceeding 90° at longer periods. We are able to explain this as being the result of strong current channeling producing magnetic distortion due to an electromagnetic coupling between the conductive ocean and the continental elongated conductors.
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training and Its Benefits for Multiple Sclerosis Patients Suffering From Urinary Incontinence and Sexual Dysfunction

Several reports have been published during the last decade studying the effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in treating urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The aim of the current study is to bring up-to-date findings of earlier systematic reviews, taking into account data published up till June 2023. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost were screened for randomized controlled studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews. The keywords for the current review were MS, urinary incontinence, sexual function, and PFMT. The implementation of predetermined eligibility criteria permitted an appropriate and convenient study selection. English language publications alone were considered. After removing duplicates and screening the initially recovered articles, an initial search within the present review identified 19 studies. Finally, 10 randomized control trials and two systematic reviews were eligible for evaluation and included in the current review. The outcome measures were the severity of incontinence or overactive bladder, leakage episodes, sexual dysfunction, health-related quality of life, and adherence to PFMT. PFMT is a convenient and effective treatment tool that can significantly improve health-related quality of life and reduce the severity of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder symptoms in people with MS. The present review confirms the effectiveness of specific exercises on leakage episodes, pad usage, sexual dysfunction, compliance to treatment, and treatment satisfaction. Further research is needed to strengthen the reported results.