Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of specific learning disorders in school children in a South Indian city

Background: Specific learning disorders (SLDs) are an important cause of academic problems in school children mandating assessment and remediation. Aim: To document the psychosocial profile and prevalence of SLDs in school children. Materials and Methods: A total of 981 children studying in 3rd to 5th standard were screened for the presence of SLDs in a stepwise approach after taking permission from school authorities and consent from parents. Raven's Progressive Matrices, Malins Intelligence Scale, and NIMHANS SLD Index were used for assessment. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi info software. Results: The prevalence of SLDs was found to be 6.1% (n = 60). Dyslexia was the most common SLD (n = 38; 63%) followed by combined type (n = 28; 46%). A significant association was found between consanguinity (P = 0.02) and delayed milestones (P = 0.02). Conclusion: There is a need for creating the awareness among parents and teachers regarding SLDs and to screen children for the early identification and remediation.
Assessing Spurious Correlations in Big Search Data

Big search data offers the opportunity to identify new and potentially real-time measures and predictors of important political, geographic, social, cultural, economic, and epidemiological phenomena, measures that might serve an important role as leading indicators in forecasts and nowcasts. However, it also presents vast new risks that scientists or the public will identify meaningless and totally spurious ‘relationships’ between variables. This study is the first to quantify that risk in the context of search data. We find that spurious correlations arise at exceptionally high frequencies among probability distributions examined for random variables based upon gamma (1, 1) and Gaussian random walk distributions. Quantifying these spurious correlations and their likely magnitude for various distributions has value for several reasons. First, analysts can make progress toward accurate inference. Second, they can avoid unwarranted credulity. Third, they can demand appropriate disclosure from the study authors.
Comparison Of Post Operative Length Of Stay And Mortality On-Pump And Off-Pump Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting In The Cardiac Icu Of Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan

Introduction: Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is currently a heart bypass surgery procedure that is often performed and with developing technology. The most common CABG techniques are on-pump and off-pump. This difference in surgical technique affects the final postoperative outcome, namely the length of stay and mortality of patients in the cardiac ICU. On-pump CABG performed at cardiopulmonary bypass is one of the most commonly performed procedures and an excellent treatment for ischemic heart disease. However, the results of a recent retrospective study found that length of stay and postoperative mortality can be reduced when coronary artery bypass surgery is performed using the off-pump technique. Purpose: This study aims to compare the length of stay and mortality of postoperative on-pump and off-pump CABG patients in the cardiac ICU of Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. Methods: This study is an analytic study with a retrospective research method with secondary data sources obtained from cardiac ICU medical records for the period January 2016 – December 2021. Samples were on-pump and off-pump CABG postoperative patients undergoing treatment in the cardiac ICU who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected by total sampling method. Results: It was found that the ICU stay after on-pump surgery was significantly longer than off-pump, with the median value for ICU stay in the on-pump surgical technique was 2 days while in the off-pump it was 1 day (Mean = 2.335; SE = 0.103 vs. Mean = 1.709; SE = 0.140) with p<0.05. There was no significant difference between on-pump and off-pump CABG postoperative mortality with p>0.05. Conclusion: The length of stay in the ICU after on-pump surgery is longer than off-pump. There was no difference in postoperative mortality between on-pump and off-pump CABG.
Non-existence of wandering intervals and structure of topological attractors of one dimensional dynamical systems: 1. The case of negative Schwarzian derivative

Abstract It is proved that an arbitrary one dimensional dynamical system with negative Schwarzian derivative and non-degenerate critical points has no wandering intervals. This result implies a rather complete view of the dynamics of such a system. In particular, every minimal topological attractor is either a limit cycle, or a one dimensional manifold with boundary, or a solenoid. The orbit of a generic point tends to some minimal attractor.
Colorimetric Determination of Glucose in Sweat Using an Alginate-Based Biosystem

Glucose is an analyte of great importance, both in the clinical and sports fields. Since blood is the gold standard biofluid used for the analytical determination of glucose, there is high interest in finding alternative non-invasive biofluids, such as sweat, for its determination. In this research, we present an alginate-based bead-like biosystem integrated with an enzymatic assay for the determination of glucose in sweat. The system was calibrated and verified in artificial sweat, and a linear calibration range was obtained for glucose of 10–1000 µM. The colorimetric determination was investigated, and the analysis was carried out both in the black and white and in the Red:Green:Blue color code. A limit of detection and quantification of 3.8 µM and 12.7 µM, respectively, were obtained for glucose determination. The biosystem was also applied with real sweat, using a prototype of a microfluidic device platform as a proof of concept. This research demonstrated the potential of alginate hydrogels as scaffolds for the fabrication of biosystems and their possible integration in microfluidic devices. These results are intended to bring awareness of sweat as a complementary tool for standard analytical diagnosis.
The effects of COVID-19 related shutdowns on perceived lifestyle and prevelance of musculoskeletal discomfort.

BACKGROUND COVID-19 caused a transition to work-from-home conditions, closures of recreation facilities and cancelation of social events. OBJECTIVE This study sought to characterize and quantify the impact COVID-19 related shutdowns had on perceptions of health and wellbeing, musculoskeletal discomfort, and physical characteristics of workstation set-up in full time workers who transitioned to working from home. METHODS 297 participants from 9 countries completed a retrospective pre/post survey design that assessed outcomes prior to COVID-19 shutdowns and when each participant was experiencing peak pandemic-related restrictions. There were 3 categories including, health and wellbeing, musculoskeletal discomfort, and workplace ergonomics. RESULTS General discomfort on a scale from 1 to 100 increased from 31.4 pre to 39.9 during COVID-19. Notable areas increasing in severity of discomfort from pre to during included the neck (41.8 to 47.7), upper back (36.3 to 41.3) and right wrist (38.7 to 43.5). The percentage of the population experiencing discomforted increased from pre to during in the low back (41.5% to 55.2%), upper back (28.7% to 40.9%), neck (45.5% to 60.9%) and right wrist (16.1% to 23.7%). CONCLUSION There were three distinct groups for physical activity one group increasing, one maintaining and one that decreased, which did not have an impact on perceived general discomfort. There was a significant decrease in usage of a desk and adjustable chair and an increase in laptop use. Working from home in some capacity will be a more common occurrence which will require further ergonomic assessments and considerations to keep a healthy workforce.
An Extended Technology Adoption Model with Perceived Visual Attractiveness to Assess Academic Web Portals

The educational system in the Philippines has been slowly progressing in terms of its technological infrastructures, such as web portals. Such a pattern in web portal development prompts stakeholders to carefully consider the adoption constructs, in order for limited and scarce resources to be wisely allocated. Therefore, this paper intends to assess an academic web portal by extending the classical technology acceptance model (TAM) framework with the addition of perceived visual attractiveness. A case study in a state university in Cebu, Philippines, in which 418 undergraduate students participated, was performed to explore relationships among constructs. Using structural equation modeling, the results indicated that perceived attractiveness poses a significant influence on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, which thereby significantly impacts perceived attitude and behavioral intention. Such results can aid stakeholders in managing resources in the development of academic web portals by focusing on important constructs such as perceived visual attractiveness.
The Ca II Infrared Triplet as a stellar activity diagnostic I. Non-LTE photospheric profiles and definition of the RIRT indicator

This work is part of a larger project on the study of activity in stars of spectral type similar to, or later than the Sun, from PMS to ZAMS, based on the analysis of the high resolution $\ion{Ca}{ii}$ InfraRed Triplet ($\ion{Ca}{ii}$ IRT: $\lambda= 8498$, 8542, 8662 A) observed profiles. Here, a preliminary study on the diagnostic power of these calcium lines has been performed by means of NLTE calculations of the line profiles with an approximate treatment of UV line-blanketing, for a grid of photospheric models with ${T_\mathrm{eff}}$ = 4200, 5200, 6200 K, ${\log g}$ = 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 and [A/H] = 0.0, -1.0, -2.0. We used these calculations to estimate the sensitivity of the profiles to changes in stellar parameters and the effect of departures from LTE. As found by other authors, the $\ion{Ca}{ii}$ triplet NLTE EQW s (equivalent widths) are quite sensitive to photospheric parameters, in particular to ${T_\mathrm{eff}}$ and [A/H]. On the other hand, we find that the dependence of the $\ion{Ca}{ii}$ triplet lines central depression ( CD = 1-central relative flux) on ${\log g}$ and ${T_\mathrm{eff}}$, and to a lesser extent to [A/H], is very weak. The departure from LTE is negligible when we consider EQW s, unless very metal-poor atmospheres are considered, while CD s can be affected by NLTE by more than 20%. This analysis indicates that in the use of these lines as activity indicators (where the details of the line profile in the core are important), a NLTE treatment is required. Furthermore, we show that a new chromospheric indicator, which we denote ${R_\mathrm{IRT}}$, can be derived from measurements of $\ion{Ca}{ii}$ IRT line central depressions, provided that rotational broadening is taken into proper account. In order to facilitate the use of the $\ion{Ca}{ii}$ IRT lines as activity diagnostics, we give interpolation formulae for estimating line CD s within the range of stellar parameters of our NLTE calculations.
The role of acoustic detail and context in the comprehension of reduced pronunciation variants

In spontaneous speech, words are often reduced (e.g., English ‘yesterday’ may be pronounced like ["jESeI]). Previous research has shown that context is required to understand highly reduced pronunciation variants. We investigated to which extent listeners can predict low predictability reduced words on the basis of the semantic/syntactic and acoustic cues in the context. In four experiments, participants were presented with either the preceding context or the preceding and following context of reduced words, either visually (orthographic transcriptions) or auditorily (extracted from conversational speech). In all sentences, the reduced target words had been completely removed, and listeners were asked to predict these missing reduced words on the basis of the context alone, choosing from four plausible options. Listeners made use of acoustic cues in the context, although casual speech typically has a high speech rate, and acoustic cues are much weaker than in careful speech. Moreover, they relied on semantic/syntactic cues. Whenever there was a conflict between acoustic and semantic/syntactic contextual cues, measured as the word’s probability given the surrounding words, listeners relied more heavily on acoustic cues. Further, context appeared generally insufficient to predict the reduced words, underlying the significance of the acoustic characteristics of the reduced words themselves.
Secondary School Students’ Cognitive Structures Regarding Educational Games

To employ educational games in education as intended, it is required to show students’ cognitive structures for this concept. As a result, the purpose of this research was to reveal the cognitive structures of secondary school students regarding educational games. The research was a survey-based descriptive study. A total of 340 secondary school students were included for this research, which included fifth graders (n=80), sixth graders (n=95), seventh graders (n=69), and eighth graders (n=96). Simple random sampling was used to choose the participants. Data were gathered using the Word Association Test (WAT) and a drawing test. Six categories are used to organize the students' responses to the educational game's concept. ‘Individual gains,’ ‘lessons,’ ‘sports,’ ‘lesson tools/applications,’ ‘games,’ and ‘features of games’ were all of these. Four categories were used to categorize the drawings made by the students to represent the concept of educational games: ‘physical ability games,’ ‘intelligent and strategy games,’ ‘puzzle,’ and ‘mixed games. ’ As a result of this research, it is possible to conclude that students’ cognitive structures for the concept of educational games include games played in classes, and educational games highlight the game aspect more. Besides that, there was little vocabulary diversity in their cognitive structures for the educational dimension. To enhance students' cognitive structures toward educational games, focus should be given to the instructional feature of educational games in research to be undertaken in the relevant field.
Effect of Polar Hydrocarbon Contents on Oil–Water Interfacial Tension and Implications for Recent Observations in Smart Water Flooding Oil Recovery Schemes

For decades now, low salinity water flooding (LSWF) oil recovery has emerged as an environmentally benign and cost-effective method for improved oil recovery, where research findings have reported pH and interfacial tension effects. Considering the effect of oil chemistry on interfacial tension and the potential of this chemistry to have a direct relationship with LSWF, we measured the interfacial tension of four crude oils with composition varying from those of conventional to unconventional ones. We also characterized the crude oil samples using infrared spectroscopy and a wet chemistry method based on asphaltene precipitation. Our research approach has enabled us to relate the composition of crude oil to the interfacial tension trend at pH encountered in improved oil recovery schemes. Our research methodology, based on an integrated approach to using infrared spectroscopy and interfacial tensiometry, has also enabled us to propose a more robust theoretical explanation for current observations in LSWF related to pH and interfacial tension. In this regard, oil–water interfacial tension depends on the concentration of polar components, such that the higher the concentration of polar groups in crude oil, the higher the interfacial tension at a given pH of aqueous solution. We have also shown that the acid-base behavior of polar groups at the oil–water interface provides a theoretical interpretation of the explicit relationship between oil–water interfacial tension and the electrostatic components of interfacial tension as given by the energy additivity theory.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Unstably Stratified Turbulent Channel Flow

Direct numerical simulations of the fully developed horizontal channel flow under unstable density stratification were carried out to investigate interactive shear and buoyancy effects on the turbulent momentum and heat transport. As the Grashof number is increased, buoyant thermal plumes are generated. The large-scale thermal convection involving the thermal plumes diminishes the quasi-coherent streamwise vortices, which are known to play a major role in the transport mechanism of near-wall turbulence. The destruction of the streamwise vortices result in the increased bulk mean velocity and the decreased turbulent friction coefficient. The vertical fluid motion of thermal plumes drastically changes the transport mechanism of the Reynolds shear stress. The thermal plumes are spatially aligned in the streamwise direction, and the low-speed streaks and vortical structures are concentrated in the region where the thermal plume starts to rise. The Prandtl number effects on the turbulent kinetic energy are also studied when the thermal plumes emerge.
“This is What Lies Ahead”. Perspectives of Oxygen-Naïve COPD Patients on Long-Term Oxygen Use. A Qualitative Study

Purpose Oxygen is commonly prescribed to patients with severe COPD. However, little is known about the perspectives COPD patients, who do not yet use oxygen, have on this treatment. Patients and Methods A total of 14 oxygen-naïve patients with COPD Gold stages 3–4 and a high symptom burden participated in semi-structured interviews, in which their beliefs and expectations regarding oxygen therapy were explored. We used conventional content analysis to process our qualitative data. Results Four main themes were identified: seeking information, expected impact on quality of life, expected social impact and stigma, and last phase of life. Conclusion The message that home oxygen should be started, was regarded as bad news by most participants. The rationale behind the therapy and the way it is delivered were unknown to most participants. Some participants anticipated smoking-related stigma and social isolation. Misconceptions such as tank explosions, becoming housebound, full dependency on oxygen and an imminent death were common amongst interviewees. Clinicians should be aware of these fears and assumptions when communicating with patients on this subject.
Aerodynamic sound generation by turbulent flow in the vicinity of a scattering half plane

The presence of the edge of a half plane in a turbulent fluid results in a large increase in the noise generated by that fluid at low Mach numbers. The parameter which is important is the product $2k\overline{r}_0$, where $\overline{r}_0$ is the distance of the centre of an eddy from the edge. Eddies which satisfy the inequality $2k\overline{r}_0\ll 1$ have the sound output of the quadrupoles associated with the fluid motion in a plane normal to the edge increased by the factor $(k\overline{r}_0)^{-3}$. There is no enhancement of the sound from the longitudinal quadrupoles with axes parallel to the edge: the rr, θr and θθ quadrupoles are the dominant sound sources. The far field sound intensity induced by these sources depends upon the fifth power of a typical fluid velocity. The intensity has a directional dependence on cos2 ½θ if the half plane is rigid and sin2 ½θ if it is a pressure release surface, θ = 0 being a direction in the half plane. If the eddies are far from the edge so that $(k\overline{r}_0)^{\frac{1}{2}} \gg 1$ then the farfield sound has the same features as would be predicted by geometrical acoustics. The edge does not produce any significant sound amplification.
Suspended Particles in Fluid Flow Through Tubes

Interesting modes of behavior are exhibited by particles suspended in a fluid that is flowing through a tube. The phenomena are important in many branches of science and technology, such as the flow of dissolved macro­ molecules, of fiber suspensions in paper making, of latex particles in emulsion paints, of leinforcing particles in polymer melts, of rock crystals in molten lavas and red cells and other bodies in blood, to cite a few examples in diverse fields. In this review, the behavior of particles flowing through tubes of circular cross section will be discussed; because of space limitations no mention will be made of the widespread application of the principles that are considered. It will be assumed, unless otherwise stated, that the suspending fluid, which may be either liquid or gas, is Newtonian so that the velocity u and pressure p within it satisfy the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations. The particles themselves, however, will be assumed to consist either of solid material or of drops or bubbles of a fluid immiscible with the suspending medium. Two important parameters in these circumstances are the flow Reynolds number Ret defined by
Comment on “High altitude discharges and gamma‐ray flashes: A manifestation of runaway breakdown” by Yuri Taranenko and Robert Roussel‐Dupré

In a recent letter Taranenko and Roussel-Dupre [1996] (subsequently referred to as TR) presented a detailed comprehensive model of red sprites and blue jets that yields optical and 7-ray results in excellent agreement with observation. The purpose of this comment is to The TR model attempts to extend the runaway breakdown model developed by Gurevich et al. [1992] and later by Roussel-Dupre et al. [1994] (subsequently referred to as GMR) for altitudes below 15 kin, to altitudes in excess of 30 km and up to 90 km. Accord-ing to the TR model quasistatic electric fields created by a discharging cloud during lightning, encounter energetic, cosmic ray generated, relativistic electrons in-ducing a runaway discharge. The discharge creates an upward propagating relativistic electron beam (REB). The REB subsequently generates three observed phe-nomena: blue jets at 20-40 km altitude, red sprites at 60-80 km and '/-ray bursts at all altitudes. In extending the GMR model from the original altitude range of 0-10 km to altitudes of up to 90 kin, TR made an error in physics. The error in physics is the in a previous paper by Chang and Price subsequently in a which Chang and Price did not reply. The GMR model neglects the effects of the geomagnetic field on the accelerated runaway electrons. This is completely justified for altitudes below 20 kin, since at this altitude range the runaway electron mean free path for
Viscoelastic Particle Encapsulation Using a Hyaluronic Acid Solution in a T-Junction Microfluidic Device

The encapsulation of particles and cells in droplets is highly relevant in biomedical engineering as well as in material science. So far, however, the majority of the studies in this area have focused on the encapsulation of particles or cells suspended in Newtonian liquids. We here studied the particle encapsulation phenomenon in a T-junction microfluidic device, using a non-Newtonian viscoelastic hyaluronic acid solution in phosphate buffer saline as suspending liquid for the particles. We first studied the non-Newtonian droplet formation mechanism, finding that the data for the normalised droplet length scaled as the Newtonian ones. We then performed viscoelastic encapsulation experiments, where we exploited the fact that particles self-assembled in equally-spaced structures before approaching the encapsulation area, to then identify some experimental conditions for which the single encapsulation efficiency was larger than the stochastic limit predicted by the Poisson statistics.