Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of TMT heterogeneity and IPO underpricing of listed companies in the low carbon economy sector: Evidence from China’s stock market

Introduction: Issuance pricing is an important part of the operation of the securities market. Its pricing is directly related to the interests of issuers, investors and underwriters, as well as the regulatory and resource allocation functions of the securities issuance market. When the industry expectations vary greatly, the company has greater TMT heterogeneity. When the market expectation gap expands, the possibility of risk conversion increases. IPO underpricing occurs in stocks of developed countries, developing countries and emerging countries. Because the issuer and the underwriter investors have different information, for example, the information advantage of the underwriter will bring risks to investors when purchasing IPO shares. IPO underpricing is a compensation for the risks brought by information asymmetry. Methods: At present, little attention has been paid to how the value of listed companies affects the underpricing of intellectual property. This paper will fill in this gap and empirically study the impact of management ability of senior management team on IPO underpricing. Therefore, starting from the Chinese stock market, this paper studies the evidence of vertical parallel executives, heterogeneity of senior management team and IPO underpricing. Results: The average values of NCSKEW (C1) and DUVOL (C2) were −0.301 and −0.203, respectively, which were close to the descriptive statistics of the study. Discussion: The dependent variable data in this paper has certain reliability. The minimum value of NCSKEW is −0.361 and the maximum value is 0.392, indicating that the fragmentation risk of different stocks is relatively high.
Chlorophyll stability index (CSI): its impact on salt tolerance in rice.

Salinity is a major constraint to successful agriculture in the arid and semiarid tropics. High-yielding varieties do not perform well under salt stress conditions. Thus, there is a need to develop special varieties that can perform well under saline conditions. The area with potential saline soil is about 20 million ha, and about 7 million ha are severely affected by salinity. This constitutes a major part of problem soils in India. Irregular monsoon and irrigation in red soil cause salinity problems in large areas. The chlorophyll stability index (CSI) is an indication of the stress tolerance capacity of plants. A high CSI value means that the stress did not have much effect on chlorophyll content of plants. A higher CSI helps plants to withstand stress through better availability of chlorophyll. This leads to increased photosynthetic rate, more dry matter production, and higher productivity. This indicates how well chlorophyll can perform under stress.
Ruminant diversification as an adaptation to the physicomechanical characteristics of forage. A reevaluation of an old debate and a new hypothesis

The validity of Hofmann's classification of ruminants into browsers/"concentrate selectors", intermediate feeders and grazers/"grass and roughage eaters" and of his consecutive physiological postulates has repeatedly been questioned. In contrast to former concepts, which all focused on the chemical characteristics of the respective forages, we propose a new hypothesis on the main driving force of ruminant diversification, namely the physicomechanical characteristics of the respective forages. In contrast to browse, grass tends to stratify and form a "fibrous raft" in the reticulorumen. The significantly more capacious forestomachs of grazers, and the significantly thicker rumen pillars (indicating the strength of reticulorumen muscle equipment) of their forestomachs, are interpreted as particular adaptations to this forage characteristic. With these parameters, we present, for the first time, two single morphological measurements that allow the statistical reconstruction of Hofmann's classification. A small forestomach capacity and the lack of strong reticulorumen muscles in browsers would explain the observed exclusiveness with which browsers avoid grass forage under natural conditions, which we confirmed using two datasets on the composition of the natural diet. Both rumen pillar thickness and relative forestomach capacity were significantly correlated to the grass content of the natural diet, respectively. Our functional interpretation was also supported by a stepwise regression analysis with the proportion of grass in the natural diet as dependent variable and the rumen pillar thickness, the relative forestomach capacity, and the body weight as independent variables, which revealed significant equations.
MAKING CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII A BETTER MODEL ORGANISM: TACKLING THE INEFFICIENCY OF NUCLEAR TRANSGENE EXPRESSION AND IMPROVING METHODS FOR THE GENERATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INSERTIONAL MUTANT LIBRARIES

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii CHAPTER 1: Literature Review 1 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: a useful model organism for many purposes 2  Photosynthetic properties of C. reinhardtii 3  Genetic transformation of C. reinhardtii 5  Utilization of the C. reinhardtii chloroplast as a protein production factory . 5 Overview of C. reinhardtii properties that restrict its utility as a model organism . 7 Utilization of polycistronic genes in eukaryotic organisms 9  Viral 2A peptides 10 Mutagenesis and gene targeting 13  Insertional mutagenesis 16 CHAPTER 2: Development of an improved and versatile viral 2A platform for expression of polycistronic nuclear genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 21 Abstract 22 22 Introduction 23
Root and shoot transcriptome analysis of two ecotypes of Noccaea caerulescens uncovers the role of NcNramp 1 in Cd hyperaccumulation

Matthew J. Milner, Namiki Mitani-Ueno, Naoki Yamaji, Kengo Yokosho, Eric Craft, Zhangjun Fei, Stephen Ebbs, M. Clemencia Zambrano, Jian Feng Ma* and Leon V. Kochian* Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan, Boyce Thompson Institute and USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, and Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901-6509, USA
The Effects of Treatment on Serum Hepcidin and Iron Homeostasis in HIV-1-Infected In-dividuals

Background: Hepcidin is the principal regulator of iron absorption and its tissue distribution. Its correlation with iron homeostasis in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) treated with different regimens of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was investigated. Methods: Serum hepcidin levels were determined in 448 volunteers. Of these, 372 were HIV-1-infected individuals, and 93 did not receive HAART (ART-naive) while 279 received HAART consisting of a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI-based) and protease inhibitors (PI-based); both were used in association with a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Seventy-six additional HIV-1 seronegative individuals were enrolled in the study. The following parameters were quantified: hematological parameters, iron biomarkers and markers of infection (CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells), and HIV-1 RNA (viral load). Results: Serum hepcidin, iron and ferritin levels, as well as the marker of infection, CD4+ T-cells, were significantly lower in the ART-naive group compared with other groups. Additionally, transferrin saturation, iron binding capacity, hemoglobin level and erythrocyte level were not significantly different, and anemia was not observed in the different groups. Conclusions: HIV-1 infection affected serum hepcidin, iron and ferritin levels in the ART-naive group, and the different HAART regimens restored the levels of hepcidin and iron homeostasis in HIV-1-infected individuals who have undetectable HIV-1 RNA levels.
The State, Aerospace Multinational Corporations and Variegated Forms of Corporate Capture in Regional Training Systems: A Cross-National Comparative Study Between Charleston, SC, U.S.A. and São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil

In today’s globalized world, the power of influence of multinational corporations over the state and society is significant. One particular area is related to how MNCs have influenced states and public educational institutions in order to shape their educational agendas and training initiatives. Many scholars have conceptualized such an influence as processes of corporate capture. In this dissertation, I examine and compare the existing processes of corporate capture related to Boeing and Embraer in the regional training systems of Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A. , and São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil. I also investigate how their distinctive state forms and their forms of governance account for differences in the evolution of such processes. This research, drawing from Neo-Marxist theories of the state and labor geography, critically engages with FDI studies and the GPN literature. Methodologically, this dissertation is based on qualitative crossnational comparative methods. Fieldwork was undertaken between 2014 and 2017, when fiftynine semi-structured interviews were conducted with state managers, representatives from educational institutions, not-for-profit organizations, and firms, among others. In this research I develop two major arguments. First, I argue that the evolution of processes of corporate capture in the regional training systems of São José dos Campos and Charleston is intrinsically connected to their accumulation strategies and state forms. However, such an evolution happens through different mechanisms and is related to different state scales. Second, I turn my attention to the local forms of governance of Charleston and São José dos Campos, claiming that they reinforce processes of corporate capture at the local scale. I argue that their tendency to reinforce processes of corporate capture in training has to be comprehended alongside with their state form and type of state selectivity. The State, Aerospace Multinational Corporations and Variegated Forms of Corporate Capture in Regional Training Systems: A Cross-National Comparative Study Between Charleston, SC, U.S.A. and São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil by Tiago Roberto Alves Teixeira B.S., Universidade Estadual do Paraná, 2010 M.A., Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, 2013 Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography. Syracuse University December 2019 Copyright © Tiago Roberto Alves Teixeira 2019 All Rights Reserved
The influence of light on the biology of Trichoderma.

During evolution, almost all forms of life on earth have been exposed to different electromagnetic radiation of internal and external origin, and are ultimately maintained by transformation of the energy contained in the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. Plants capture the sun’s energy and use it to synthesize energy-rich molecules (sugars) from molecules of carbon dioxide and water. These molecules then serve, directly or indirectly, as the source of energy for plants themselves and ultimately for all animals and decomposer organisms (such as bacteria and fungi). But many organisms use sunlight in other ways. Apart from its energetic content, sunlight has properties (such as intensity, duration, polarization or spectral composition) that provide patterns, which in turn have important consequences for living organisms. In particular, these patterns have the potential to be used as a source of information by a cognitive agent or can be used to produce thermodynamic work. In their natural habitat, all forms of life are continuously obtaining and decoding information from their environment (including that contained in light), which they use for their own benefit. In this sense, the human
Spatial variability and temporal stability of corn (Zea maysL.) grain yields – relevance of grid size

Abstract Corn yields are frequently heterogeneous across space and time. A 5-year field monitoring was conducted to determine spatial variability and temporal stability of corn grain yields within three farmer fields. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the spatial variability and temporal stability of yields. Therefore yield data was analysed at the field scale and for three different grid sizes. Results indicated that the grid size required to capture the spatial variability and temporal stability of yield differed over the fields. In general, smaller grid sizes were able to describe yield variability more precisely, whereas larger grid sizes were able to more accurately describe yield stability. To develop units for site-specific management, grid size should be determined in consideration of temporal yield stability and in consideration of the underlying factor leading to spatial yield variability. If the underlying factor is highly variable within the field, smaller grid sizes are useful. If the underlying factor is less variable within the field larger grid sizes seem to be more suitable for site-specific management.
Characterization, performance and genetic diversity among goats of Odisha

Phenotypic and biometric characterization was carried out of local goat populations of Odisha. The populations included Ganjam, Kalahandi, Ghumusar, Narayanpatnam, Raigarhi and Malkangiri goats. Ganjam goats are distinctly different from other populations because of long pointed horns. The body measurements of adult (12 months) males for heart girth, height at withers, body length, and paunch girth were measured. The coat colour of goats was recorded. The average body length, body height, chest girth, paunch girth, face length, horn length, ear length and tail length in adult female and male were measured. The biometric estimates for height at withers, body length, chest girth, paunch girth, face length, horn length, ear length and tail length indicated the average measurements. Genetic Biodiversity study includes 192 individuals of goats belonging to two recognized (Ganjam and Black Bengal) breeds and 2 lesser known goat populations (Kalahandi and Ghumusar) genotyped for a battery of 25 microsatellites. The number of observed allele for each locus ranged from 2.00 to 21.00. The highest number of allele was observed for locus OarFCB304 for Ganjam goat breed and lowest number of allele was observed for locus ETH225 for Kalahandi goat population. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value and bottleneck analysis were studied. Ghumusar and Kalahandi have the highest genetic distance (1.996) from the others and Ganjam and Black Bengal have minimum (0.346) genetic distance. In the neighbor joining diagram. the Ghumusar and Kalahandi goat populations plots separately from the other breeds/populations.
Momentum Crashes and the 52-Week High

Abstract Momentum strategies suffer from occasional large drawdowns referred to as momentum crashes when the market rebounds. We find that a surge of investor speculation toward stocks far from their 52-week highs can partially explain the momentum crashes. If a momentum strategy is revised to be neutral on a 52-week high effect, momentum crashes are significantly attenuated and the revised strategy does not exhibit procyclical returns. Furthermore, the revised strategy generates a higher Sharpe ratio in different sub-periods and international stock markets.
Forest fragmentation effects in population genetic structure of Esenbeckia leiocarpa Engl. (Guarantã).

Studies of forest fragmentation effects upon the genetic structure of selected species are important for planning genetic conservation strategies. They can indicate the genetic behavior of species with similar ecological characteristics. Esenbeckia leiocarpa is a myophilic and autochoric Rutaceae tropical tree species occurring in an aggregated distribution in Tropical Moist Seazonal Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with several subpopulations constituting a forest fragment 124 n Fragmentos de guarantã population. Leaf tissues of individuals from two subpopulation from a 2178 hectares forest fragment and two subpopulations from a 76 hectares forest fragment were analysed in alozymes horizontal electrophoresis in corn starch gel support. A 1 the loci showing from 1 to 4 alleles. The loci Pgm-1, Idh-1 and Mdh-2 were monomorphic. Skdh-1, 6Pgdh-2, Mdh-1, Mdh-3, Mdh-4, Est-1, Prx-1 and Pgi2 loci were polymorphic. The average of observed heterozigosity (H o ) and expected heterozigosity ( $ +H ) were not statistically signifficant. The $ I and $ ) values, suggested that the populations are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genetic diversity among populations ( $ θ 3 ) was 12.1% for adult individuals and 8.7% for the progenies showing diferences among populations. The allele frequencies of subpopulations from the larger fragment showed greater differences than those from the smaller fragment. Allele fixation levels were more homogenous in the smaller fragment subpopulation. The gene flow was the hight among subpopulations in Ibicatu fragment. Hierarquical analysis of genetic distribution within and among populations and subpopulations showed that the major part of genetic variability of species is maintained within subpopulations. These results suggest that this species had modified its natural genetic structure in small forest fragments, showing the necessity of maintaining natural areas for in situ genetic conservation of the species and confirming the necessity of maintainig large natural areas for conservation of tropical tree genetic diversity.
Brittle-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the continental shelf and upper slope of the Colombian Caribbean

An annotated brittle star list (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) collected by bottom trawling between 20 and 520 m depth during the INVEMAR-MACROFAUNA campaigns (1998-2001) along the continental shelf and upper slope of the Colombian Caribbean is presented. A total of 58 species were identified: 41 genera, 13 families and 2 orders, in which 35 species are new records for the Colombian Caribbean (28 are also new for the continental part of the Caribbean Sea). General and detailed figures are provided. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (Suppl. 3): 169-204. Epub 2009 January 05.
Water deficit effects on sweet corn. I. Water use, radiation use efficiency, growth, and yield

The responses of sweet corn biomass and yield to timing and severity of water deficit were determined in an experiment using a mobile rainshelter. Six irrigation treatments were applied such that plots experienced: (1) no water deficit; (2) full water deficit; (3) moderate pre-silking deficit; (4) severe pre-silking deficit; (5) moderate post-silking deficit; or (6) severe post-silking deficit. Drought was quantified using the concept of potential soil moisture deficit, which was calculated from climatic data. Potential soil moisture deficit can be related simply to a wide range of plant performance variables, making it possible to compare the relative importance of variables in determining the overall response of the crop to drought. For all treatments, yield was related strongly to biomass, especially that accumulated after silking. Biomass, in turn, was reduced by water deficit, mainly because of reduced radiation use efficiency, but also because of reduced total radiation interception, particularly in early deficit treatments. Both water use efficiency and transpiration efficiency increased with water deficit, even though soil evaporation as a proportion of total water use also increased with deficit. There was no stage of crop development at which yield was particularly sensitive to water deficit, although yield components changed with timing of deficit. Importantly, measures of potential soil moisture deficit integrated the effects of timing and severity of drought, making it possible to simply and mechanistically account for the effects of water deficit on biomass and particularly yield.
The ecology of algae

Acknowledgements Introduction 1. The physical and chemical characteristics of the environment 2. Habitats and communities of algae 3. Phytobenthos: epilithon, epipsammon endolithon, endopsammon, artificial surfaces 4. Coral reefs - the free-living algal flora 5. Phytobenthos: epiphyton, metaphyton, endophyton, epizoon, endozoon 6. Phytoplankton 7. Dispersal, continuity and phytogeography 8. Symbiosis, parastism and grazing 9. Annual succession and growth 10. Energy flow and nutrient cycling 11. ALgal contribution to the sediments 12. Palaeoecology 13. Eutrophication and pollution Conclusion Appendix: a synopsis of the classification of the algae mentioned in the book References Index.
The stability–diversity relationship in stream macroinvertebrates: influences of sampling effects and habitat complexity

Summary 1. Theory predicts that the stability of a community should increase with diversity. However, despite increasing interest in the topic, most studies have focused on aggregate community properties (e.g. biomass, productivity) in small-scale experiments, while studies using observational field data on realistic scales to examine the relationship between diversity and compositional stability are surprisingly rare. 2. We examined the diversity–stability relationship of stream invertebrate communities based on a 4-year data set from boreal headwater streams, using among-year similarity in community composition (Bray–Curtis coefficient) as our measure of compositional stability. We related stability to species richness and key environmental factors that may affect the diversity–stability relationship (stream size, habitat complexity, productivity and flow variability) using simple and partial regressions. 3. In simple regressions, compositional stability was positively related to species richness, stream size, productivity and habitat complexity, but only species richness and habitat complexity were significantly related to stability in partial regressions. There was, however, a strong relationship between species richness and abundance. When abundance was controlled for through re-sampling, stability was unrelated to species richness, indicating that sampling effects were the predominant mechanism producing the positive stability–diversity relationship. By contrast, the relationship between stability and habitat complexity (macrophyte cover) became even stronger when the influence of community abundance was controlled for. Habitat complexity is thus a key factor enhancing community stability in headwater streams.