Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding News Coverage of Religious-based Violence: Empirical and Theoretical Insights from Media Representations of Boko Haram in Nigeria

Recent studies on conflict and terrorism news coverage have documented an ingroup bias as well as an increasingly negative discourse about Muslims in the wake of Islamist terrorist attacks. Yet, as most of these studies have focused on Western media and settings, the determinants of news media’s religious biases and out-group categorizations remain insufficiently understood. In this article, we draw on interviews with Nigerian media practitioners and a comparison of Boko Haram news coverage in two Nigerian newspapers—one Southern-based/Christian-affiliated and one Northern-based/Muslim-affiliated—to argue that it is crucial to consider a country’s political-religious demography in order to understand the way in which religious-based violence is covered in the news. In this respect, we identify micro-, meso- and macro-level theoretical mechanisms through which a country’s demography can promote domestic news outlets—regardless of their background and readership—to cover conflict in a more balanced, nuanced, and objective way.
A prideful posting a day keeps admiring readers awake: voluntary bloggers in a self-construal framework

ABSTRACT This study develops a self-construal framework containing both individual- and social-level variables to explain bloggers’ inner motivations to create contents voluntarily. With the aim of bridging the gaps in previous blogger-related studies, this research explores intrinsic and psychological benefits behind voluntary bloggers’ sharing behaviour via social network sites or weblogs. The proposed structural equation model is tested with survey data from 414 bloggers, and all hypotheses are statistically supported. The findings indicate that voluntary bloggers’ involvement results from self-reassurance, which is induced by a self-construction process comprising both independent and interdependent selves. This study enriches extant literature on bloggers’ behaviour by incorporating self-construal theory into the sphere of creating contents. In essence, the self-construal model paves the way for future comprehensive psychological frameworks, which can help researchers and practitioners deepen their understanding of blogger enthusiasm in self-building.
Design for manufacture and assembly (DfMA) in construction: the old and the new

ABSTRACT Design for manufacture and assembly (DfMA) has become a buzzword amid the global resurgence of prefabrication and construction industrialization. Some argued that DfMA is hardly new, as there are concepts such as buildability, lean construction, value management, and integrated project delivery in place already. Others believe that DfMA is a new direction to future construction. This paper aims to review the development of DfMA in manufacturing and its status quo in construction, and clarify its similarities and differences to other concepts. A multi-step research method is adopted in this study: First, an analytical framework is generated; Secondly, a literature review is conducted on DfMA in general, and DfMA-like concepts in the AEC industry; The third step is to compare DfMA with related concepts. This study reveals that DfMA as a philosophy is hardly new in construction, and the empirical implementation of many DfMA guidelines has begun in the AEC industry. The findings suggested that DfMA is a new and mixed ‘cocktail’ of opportunities and challenges to improve construction productivity with the advancement of construction materials, production and assembly technologies, and ever-strengthened logistics and supply chain management. This study sheds light on three research directions: DfMA implementation and guidance strategies, DfMA frameworks and blueprints, and applications in cast in-situ or intermediate prefabrication construction. Our research findings provide a synopsis of DfMA research and development in construction. This paper can also serve as a point of departure for future theoretical and empirical explorations.
The Effect of Aureomycin Feeding on Changes in Weight and in Body Measurements of Dairy Calves

Summary Thirty-two dairy calves were divided at 116 days of age into four comparable groups. Calves in groups AA and AC previously had received crystalline aureomycin hydrochloride in the milk, whereas calves in groups CA and CC had been fed no antibiotic. During the subsequent 12-wk. period calves in groups AA and CA received aureomycin (Aurofac A in the concentrate mixture) and those in groups AC and CC were fed none. During the 12-wk. experimental period, gains in body weight and increases in circumference of chest and of barrel were significantly greater (P = 0.01) for calves fed aureomycin (groups AA and CA) than for calves receiving no antibiotic (groups AC and CC). Differences in height at withers and in depth of chest were less. Although previous treatment (groups AA and AC vs. CA and CC) had less effect than experimental treatment on changes in weight and in the various body measurements, the mean values in each instance were greater for calves not previously fed aureomycin. Mean weights at the termination of the experiment were greatest for calves in group AA, followed in decreasing order by those in groups CA, AC and CC. With the exception of barrel circumference, the group mean values for the various body measurements ranked similarly. Hay and water consumptions were greater for calves fed aureomycin.
Effects of number and siting of single-space feeders on performance and feeding behaviour of growing pigs

SUMMARY Two experiments of randomized block design were carried out at the Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland in 1991/92 involving groups of 20 pigs fed ad libitum from single-space feeders with built-in water supply from 37 kg to slaughter at 91 kg liveweight.Treatments were replicated 16 and 6 times respectively in Experiments 1 and 2. In the first experiment, one feeder perpen was compared with two feeders per pen positioned side by side. Two feeders increased feed intake (P < 0·05) but had no significant effects on growth rate or feed conversion. With two feeders, the total time that feeders were occupied and the number of visits to feeders were both increased, while the number of enforced withdrawals from feeders and the amount of queuing were both decreased compared with the single feeder. In the second experiment, placing two feeders 2 m or more apart instead of side by side had no significant effects on feed intake or growth rate but improved feed conversion efficiency by 4%. This improvement was associated with fewer and longer visits to feeders but no difference in enforced withdrawals or queuing. In both experiments all treatments showed broadly similar patterns of diurnal feeding behaviour with two peaks of activity daily, a smaller peak pre-midday and a larger one in the afternoon. This pattern was influenced more by number of visits to feeders than by the mean duration of each visit. It is recommended that two single-space feeders are used in pens of 20 finishing pigs when non-pelleted diets are offered ad libitum and that feeders are sited some distance apart, not side by side.
A short version of the ammonium-nitrate interaction model

The performance of the complex ammonium-nitrate interaction model (ANIM) of Flynn et aL (Philos. Trans. R. Soc, 352,1997) is compared with that of a simplified version (SHANIM) in which the internal pools of inorganic nitrogen (N) and the enzymes of nitrate-nitrite reduction and glutamine synthetase are absent. Although SHANIM is incapable of simulating cell size-linked processes such as the accumulation of inorganic N and the uncoupling of inorganic N transport from assimilation, it offers a good compromise for those needing a simplified modelling solution. The genera] close agreement between ANIM and SHANIM simulations (usually differing in the details of nutrient transport by phasing of a few hours even in a light-dark cycle) is due to the retention of two major features of ANIM, namely nutrient history-linked transport rates for nitrate and ammonium and regulation of transport by an organic product of N assimilation (glutamine). Introduction A complex model for the simulation of algal nitrogen (N) physiology, the ammonium-nitrate interaction model (ANIM), has been developed by Flynn et aL (1997). This model (Figure 1) contains mechanistic components simulating the more important biochemical components of algal physiology. Thus, it contains a link between nutrient status and maximum uptake rates (to simulate enhanced transport in N-deprived cells, e.g. Syrett et aL, 1986), internal nutrient pools (e.g. Dortch et aL, 1984), a simulation of the synthesis and control of the enzymes and activities of nitrate reduction (e.g. Solomonson and Barber, 1990), and modulation of the ammonium-nitrate interaction by an early product of N assimilation (Flynn, 1991). ANIM offers a modelling strategy capable of simulating all the major components of the ammonium-nitrate interaction, including light-dark (L/D) interactions by reference to a PI curve, with concurrent algal growth. While providing considerable scope for development, simulation and hypothesis setting, ANIM may be considered to be overly complicated for some applications. A short version of ANIM (SHANIM; Figure 1), without internal pools of ammonium (NH4P), nitrate (NO3P), or representation of the enzymes of nitrate-nitrite reduction (NNiR), has been developed directly by deletion of those components from ANIM. While this may be considered a retrograde step, it is a basic tenet of mathematical modelling to make models as simple as possible without loss of functionality. It is only through the development and operation of ANIM that one may test whether a more simple model may be adequate, and when it may not be adequate. Model development A comparison between the structure of the models is presented in Figure 1. In ANIM (described in detail by Flynn et aL, 1997), nitrate and ammonium enter © Oxford University Press 1881 by gest on July 1, 2011 plankt.odjournals. org D ow nladed fom KJ.Frynn and M J.R. Fasham
Campus ministry leaders promoting student mental health at a large public university in the Southeast United States

ABSTRACT Despite the widespread, historic presence of campus ministries at public universities, there is limited research exploring campus ministers’ role in student mental health. Prior research on campus ministries focused on student perspectives and organisational social norms. Conducted at a large public university in the Southeast, this research consisted of in-person semi-structured interviews with 12 campus ministry leaders about their experiences with students, including mental health challenges. The narrative interpretative analysis examined similarities and differences across campus ministers’ experiences. Campus ministers reported providing pastoral care for students during crises, referring students to mental health providers and providing transportation to appointments. Major considerations informing referrals included mental health providers’ attitudes towards religion, affordability of services, and their personal relationships with mental health providers. Although these campus ministry leaders reported actions to enhance access to student mental health services, additional training in mental health issues and institutional support would benefit both campus ministry leaders and their students.
Emotion Detection using Machine Learning

: A human-computer interaction system for an automatic face recognition or facial expression recognition has attracted increasing attention from researchers in psychology, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience, and related disciplines. In this paper, an Automatic Facial Expression Recognition System (AFERS) has been proposed. The proposed method has three stages: (a) face detection, (b) feature extraction and (c) facial expression recognition. The first phase of face detection involves skin color detection using YCbCr color model, lighting compensation for getting uniformity on face and morphological operations for retaining the required face portion. The output of the first phase is used for extracting facial features like eyes, nose, and mouth using AAM (Active Appearance Model) method. The third stage, automatic facial expression recognition, involves simple. Euclidean Distance method. In this method, the Euclidean distance between the feature points of the training images and that of the query image is compared. Based on minimum Euclidean distance, output image expression is decided. True recognition rate for this method is around 90% - 95%. Further modification of this method is done using Artificial Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). This non-linear recognition system gives recognition rate of around 100% which is acceptable compared to other methods.
The Genetic Architecture of Flowering Time and Related Traits in Two Early Flowering Maize Lines

Flowering time is the major factor in determining maize (Zea mays L.) maturities. Genetic bases of flowering time and other agronomically important traits were examined in a set of interheterotic-pattern recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The RILs were developed from crossing the short-season Iodent inbred line CG60 with the short-season Stiff Stalk inbred line CG102. Recombinant inbred lines were derived through single-seed descent (S-RILs) or intermated for three generations before inbreeding (I-RILs), thereby increasing recombination. Genetic variation was high for all traits in both populations, and a large number of RILs had days to silking, days to anthesis, plant height, visual stay green, canopy reflectance, and leaf number trait values beyond the parental line ranges. Both the I-RIL and S-RIL populations had similar genetic variances and similar genetic and phenotypic correlations between traits. We conclude that although Northern Corn Belt Dents have been subjected to strong selection and drift and have diverged greatly from their source population, there is substantial cryptic variation for many traits. Our results also suggest that coupling and repulsion phase linkage blocks are not prevalent within parental genomes and that genetic correlations are caused by pleiotropic genes. Intermating may have little value in recovering extreme phenotypes for flowering time and other agronomically important traits.
Determinants of effective orifice area in aortic valve replacement: anatomic and clinical factors

Background Obtaining adequate effective orifice area (EOA) in surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is important to minimize pressure gradients across the prosthetic aortic valve (AV) and improve clinical outcomes. However, the predictors of EOA are unclear. Methods From July 2011 to March 2016, patients undergoing SAVR who were preoperatively evaluated using a computed tomography (CT) on the aortic root were enrolled. Indexed EOA (iEOA) was used as an indicator of prosthetic AV opening area. The aortic root parameters investigated were the annular diameter (max and min), annular perimeter, annular area, and maximal dimensions of the proximal ascending aorta. These variables were evaluated as predictors of EOA, and an individual surgeon was incorporated in analysis for verifying surgeon dependent factors. Results Among the 710 patients included in this study [age: 64.9±10.8 years; females: n=285 (40.1%)], 370 (52.1%) were implanted with bio-prosthesis. Mean prosthetic iEOA was 1.1±0.3 cm2/m2. Univariable linear regression analysis showed that all indexed aortic root parameters (maximal and minimal annular diameters, annular perimeter, annular area, and sinus dimensions) were significantly associated with iEOA (P<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that indexed aortic annular area, indexed maximal diameter of the Valsalva sinus, female sex, and bio-prosthesis, supra-annular type prosthesis and surgeon were significant and independent determinants of iEOA (adjusted R2=0.513, P<0.001). Conclusions Aortic annular area and Valsalva sinus diameter are independent determinants for iEOA measured by preoperative CT; surgeon-dependent factors are also significant determinants in SAVR.
Relationship of Adiponectin with Liver Enzymes in NAFLD Subjects

NAFLD is a complex metabolic condition in which excessive fat gets accumula¬ted in the liver of patients in absence of immoderate alcohol consumption. The increased fat content of the liver correlates positively with the insulin resistance that characterizes metabolic syndrome. Adipokines are hormones secreted by Visceral adipose tissue which are implicated in development of obesity and pathogenesis of Insulin resistance (IR). Recently, there is great enthusiasm in studying their potential role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of adiponectin (non-invasive parameter) for Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and to investigate the correlation between serum levels of this adipokine and liver enzymes in patients with Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Indian population. 84 USG proven NAFLD subjects and 84 healthy non-obese age and gender matched controls were studied. Serum concentrations of ALT, AST, GGT, ALP and Adiponectin levels were assessed. The study showed that serum adiponectin is statistically significantly lower in patients with NAFLD than in control group. Serum adiponectin and liver enzymes were significantly inversely correlated in NAFLD subjects. Hence, it is concluded that in addition to liver enzymes, adiponectin (non invasive parameter) can also be used as diagnostic measure for NAFLD subjects.
Isolation of viruses responsible for the demise of an Emiliania huxleyi bloom in the English Channel

This study used analytical flow cytometry (AFC) to monitor the abundance of phytoplankton, coccoliths, bacteria and viruses in a transect that crossed a high reflectance area in the western English Channel. The high reflectance area, observed by satellite, was caused by the demise of an Emiliania huxleyi bloom. Water samples were collected from depth profiles at four stations, one station outside and three stations inside the high reflectance area. Plots of transect data revealed very obvious differences between Station 1, outside, and Stations 2–4, inside the high reflectance area. Inside, concentrations of viruses were higher; E. huxleyi cells were lower; coccoliths were higher; bacteria were higher and virus:bacteria ratio was lower than at Station 1, outside the high reflectance area. This data can simply be interpreted as virus-induced lysis of E. huxleyi cells in the bloom causing large concentrations of coccoliths to detach, resulting in the high reflectance observed by satellite imagery. This interpretation was supported by the isolation of two viruses, EhV84 and EhV86, from the high reflectance area that lysed cultures of E. huxleyi host strain CCMP1516. Basic characterization revealed that they were lytic viruses approximately 170 nm–190 nm in diameter with an icosahedral symmetry. Taken together, transect and isolation data suggest that viruses were the major contributor to the demise of the E. huxleyi population in the high reflectance area. Close coupling between microalgae, bacteria and viruses contributed to a large organic carbon input. Consequent cycling influenced the succession of an E. huxleyi-dominated population to a more characteristic mixed summer phytoplankton community.
What’s Priced? Estimating Market Mispricing of Macroeconomic News

Delineating between fundamental and nonfundamental price moves is vital for investment practitioners because the former tend to be more persistent than the latter. This article describes an approach to isolating price moves that are driven by fundamental macroeconomic news. The authors use an event-study methodology at the intraday frequency to estimate typical reactions to macro news releases for a set of seven equity and six government bond markets. These are calculated on an expanding-window and exponentially weighted basis to account for time variation in these reactions. The primary innovation of this work is a measure of market mispricing that looks at deviations of market returns from the returns expected based on the authors’ estimated coefficients, which they calculate for each of these markets from 2015 to 2019. This measure provides an input for discretionary tactical asset allocation decisions. The correlation of this market mispricing measure with future returns provides support for the thesis that initial time-series momentum and later time-series reversion of asset returns reflect nonfundamental factors. TOPICS: Derivatives, financial crises and financial market history Key Findings • Because nonfundamental price moves mean revert faster than fundamental price moves, the R2 of macro news is higher at a low frequency than at a high frequency. • Intraday estimates of market price responses to macro news are more accurate than estimates based on daily time series because a short event-study window reduces concerns around endogeneity. • These intraday estimates can be used to now-cast market return potential and help find the deviation of those now-casts from actual returns. Cumulating these deviations over months of data indicates whether markets are mispriced relative to macro fundamentals. • Our measure of market mispricing helps predict future asset returns and provides broader context to discretionary tactical asset allocation decisions. • This measure also reveals more cleanly than previous research the time-series properties of nonfundamental price moves, with initial time-series momentum and later time-series reversal.
Effect of low light intensity at night on cow traffic in automatic milking systems

Several studies have shown benefits of long-day (16 h) photoperiod in lactating dairy cows, but have not identified a suitable light intensity for the dark hours. It is known that the locomotion pattern of dairy cows is altered at low light intensities and this may translate to reduced cow traffic and milking frequency, which would have a negative impact on system productivity. However, it is also recognised that a significant disturbance of rest may have a negative impact on the health and productivity of high-yielding dairy cows. This study examined the effect of three different night-time light intensities (LOW: 11 ± 3, MED: 33 ± 1 and HIGH: 74 ± 6 lx) on number of gate passages, milking frequency and milk yield in dairy cows in automatic milking systems. The study was conducted in Sweden during the winter of 2012–13 and the treatments were applied in a crossover design to three herds with an automatic milking system. Minimum day time light intensity was 158 lx. Data on gate passages, milking frequency and milk yield for 172 ± 49 (mean ± s.d.) cows during the last 22 days of each 34-day study period were analysed for treatment differences and differences in daily distribution over 24 h, during day time and night time. Light intensity did not affect total number of gate passages per 24-h period and cow, but number of gate passages per hour and cow was in all treatments lower during night time than during day time. Milking frequency was increased in MED compared with both HIGH and LOW (P < 0.05). Milk yield decreased with reduced light intensity, and differed significantly between HIGH and LOW treatments, 45 ± 1 kg and 44 ± 1 kg, respectively (P < 0.001). Our conclusion is that reducing light intensity to 11 lx at night time does not affect cows’ general activity as gate passages remained the same for all treatments. However, milk yield decreased with reduced light intensity, which might be related to a lower feed intake. We argue that providing night light for dairy cows, as required by many welfare acts, might be related to production level rather than welfare aspects and that the recommendations should be revised.