Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Egg Rejection and Nest Sanitation in an Island Population of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica): Probability, Response Latency, and Sex Effects

Simple Summary Most birds build nests for laying eggs and rearing their offspring. They frequently clean their nests by removing foreign objects, such as leaves, small branches, stones, and feces. Further, some birds recognize and remove foreign eggs deposited by brood parasites. Nest sanitation and egg rejection are related behaviors as both impact brood survival and involve an accept/reject decision regarding the content of the nest. Here, we examined these behaviors in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica), one of the most abundant and widespread birds in the world. The results suggest that nest sanitation may be a more ancient behavior because it occurs more frequently, and foreign objects were removed sooner upon discovery than egg rejection. Therefore, nest sanitation may constitute an evolutionary precursor to foreign egg rejection; however, nest sanitation rarely increases egg rejection regarding probability and response latency. Female and male swallows engaged in nest sanitation and egg rejection, implying that both sexes are affected by this type of natural selection. Abstract Bird nests function as vessels for eggs and nestlings, and an environment for rearing offspring. However, foreign objects falling into bird nests and nestling eggshells may be harmful. Moreover, the smell of fecal sacs increases the risk of detection by predators. Many bird species have evolved nest sanitation to prevent damage to their nests. Furthermore, egg rejection evolved in some birds to thwart brood parasites that lay eggs in their nests. We studied 133 nests of barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) in an island population through a nest content manipulation experiment to determine nest sanitation and egg rejection behaviors and their relationship. Swallows rejected non-egg foreign objects more frequently (100% vs. 58.6%) and sooner than parasite eggs, which supports the hypothesis that nest sanitation is a pre-adaptation to egg rejection. However, nest sanitation did not increase egg rejection, either in probability or latency. Furthermore, both sexes incubated the eggs, cleaned the nests, and removed parasite eggs, implying that both are confronted with natural selection related to nest sanitation and brood parasitism. However, females invested more time in these behaviors than males. This provides evidence for the evolutionary relationship of nest sanitation and egg rejection behaviors in barn swallows.
Hamiltonian Boundary Value Problems, Conformal Symplectic Symmetries, and Conjugate Loci

In this paper we continue our study of bifurcations of solutions of boundary-value problems for symplectic maps arising as Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. These have been shown to be connected to catastrophe theory via generating functions and ordinary and reversal phase space symmetries have been considered. Here we present a convenient, coordinate free framework to analyse separated Lagrangian boundary value problems which include classical Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin boundary value problems. The framework is then used to prove the existence of obstructions arising from conformal symplectic symmetries on the bifurcation behaviour of solutions to Hamiltonian boundary value problems. Under non-degeneracy conditions, a group action by conformal symplectic symmetries has the effect that the flow map cannot degenerate in a direction which is tangential to the action. This imposes restrictions on which singularities can occur in boundary value problems. Our results generalise classical results about conjugate loci on Riemannian manifolds to a large class of Hamiltonian boundary value problems with, for example, scaling symmetries.
GENERALIZED KDV EQUATION SUBJECT TO A STOCHASTIC PERTURBATION

We prove global well-posedness of the subcritical generalized Korteweg-de Vries equation (the mKdV and the gKdV with quartic power of nonlinearity) subject to an additive random perturbation. More precisely, we prove that if the driving noise is a cylindrical Wiener process on L 2 (R) and the covariance operator is Hilbert-Schmidt in an appropriate Sobolev space, then the solutions with H 1 (R) data are globally wellposed in H 1 (R). This extends results obtained by A. de Bouard and A. Debussche for the stochastic KdV equation. Dedication: In the memory of Igor Chueshov.
A Rare Case of Familial Schwannomatosis Showing Intrafamilial Variability with Identification of a Shared Novel Germline SMARCB1 Mutation

Schwannomatosis is characterized by the presence of multiple schwannomas without landmarks of NF2. It is considered the rarest form of neurofibromatosis (NF). Here, we report the first case of familial schwannomatosis with regard to the segmental/generalized phenotype, in which the proband and the daughter present a distinct phenotype in this classification. The proband presents a generalized, painless, extradural type of schwannomatosis, while the daughter shows a segmental, painful, intradural type of schwannomatosis. Whole-exome sequencing of the affected individuals revealed a shared novel SMARCB1 gene mutation (c.92A > G, p.Glu31Gly) despite the clinical variability. We thus suggest two points in the diagnosis of familial schwannomatosis: The identified novel germline SMARCB1 variant can be reflective of a phenotypical progression from a segmental to a generalized type of schwannomatosis, or an intrafamilial variability in inherited schwannomatosis, which was not reported in previous literature. The specific combination of somatic NF2 mutations may be a major factor in regulating the severity and scope of the resulting phenotype in schwannomatosis.
Manin's conjecture for a class of singular cubic hypersurfaces

Let $n$ be a positive multiple of $4$. We establish an asymptotic formula for the number of rational points of bounded height on singular cubic hypersurfaces $S_n$ defined by $$ x^3=(y_1^2 + \cdots + y_n^2)z . $$ This result is new in two aspects: first, it can be viewed as a modest start on the study of density of rational points on those singular cubic hypersurfaces which are not covered by the classical theorems of Davenport or Heath-Brown; second, it proves Manin's conjecture for singular cubic hypersurfaces $S_n$ defined above.
Revisiting Model Order Selection: A Sub-Nyquist Sampling Blind Spectrum Sensing Scheme

Wideband spectrum sensing based on sub-Nyquist sampling is an attractive approach to advance dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS), which can improve frequency resource utilization while overcoming sampling bottlenecks. Under the Compressive Sensing (CS) framework, finding occupied subbands can be equivalent to computing the support set for the Multiple Measurement Vectors (MMV) problem. To guarantee the performance of joint support recovery in noisy environments, different kinds of prior information are required, one of which is sparsity, a time-varying parameter. To address the dependence of recovery performance on signal sparsity, this paper proposed a two-step scheme for blind wideband spectrum sensing using a Modulated Wideband Converter (MWC) sub-Nyquist sampling front-end. The scheme first adopts the model order selection (MOS) method to estimate sparsity from the compressed covariance matrix, and then uses the estimates to dynamically adjust joint support recovery. The complete theoretical derivation innovatively applies MOS to sub-Nyquist sampling and presents a design method for MOS penalty constant. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed scheme can not only achieve blind sensing under the spectrum occupancy up to 40%, reduce the overall computational complexity of iterative SOMP, but also significantly improve the false alarm performance, meeting the requirements of the IEEE 802.22 standard.
Fractional diffusion equation with distributed-order material derivative. Stochastic foundations

In this paper, we present the stochastic foundations of fractional dynamics driven by the fractional material derivative of distributed-order type. Before stating our main result, we present the stochastic scenario which underlies the dynamics given by the fractional material derivative. Then we introduce the Lévy walk process of distributed-order type to establish our main result, which is the scaling limit of the considered process. It appears that the probability density function of the scaling limit process fulfills, in a weak sense, the fractional diffusion equation with the material derivative of distributed-order type.
The \v{S}ilov Boundary for Operator Spaces

Motivated by the recent interest in the examination of unital completely positive maps and their effects in C-theory, we revisit an older result concerning the existence of the Šilov ideal. The direct proof of Hamana’s theorem for the existence of an injective envelope for a unital operator subspace X of some B(H) that we provide implies that the Šilov ideal is the intersection of C(X) with any maximal boundary operator subsystem in B(H). As an immediate consequence we deduce that the Šilov ideal is the biggest boundary operator subsystem for X in C(X). The new proof of the existence of the Šilov ideal that we give does not use the existence of maximal dilations, provided by Dritschel and McCullough, and so it is independent of the one given by Arveson. As a consequence, the Šilov ideal can be seen as the set that contains the abnormalities in a C-cover (C, ι) of X for all the extensions of the identity map idι(X). The interpretation of our results in terms of ucp maps characterizes the maximal boundary subsystems of X in B(H) as kernels of X-projections that induce completely minimal X-seminorms; equivalently, X-minimal projections with range being an injective envelope, that we view from now on as the Šilov boundary for X.
Matchings in hypergraphs and Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity

In this paper, we introduce and generalize some combinatorial invariants of graphs such as matching number and induced matching number to hypergraphs. Then we compare them together and present some upper bounds for the regularity of Stanley-Reisner ring of $\Delta_{\mathcal{H}}$ for certain hypergraphs $\mathcal{H}$ in terms of the introduced matching numbers.
Greatest common divisors of analytic functions and Nevanlinna theory on algebraic tori

Abstract We study upper bounds for the counting function of common zeros of two meromorphic functions in various contexts. The proofs and results are inspired by recent work involving greatest common divisors in Diophantine approximation, to which we introduce additional techniques to take advantage of the stronger inequalities available in Nevanlinna theory. In particular, we prove a general version of a conjectural “asymptotic gcd” inequality of Pasten and the second author, and consider moving targets versions of our results.
On the Sharp Dimension Estimate of CR Holomorphic Functions in Sasakian Manifolds

This is the very 1st paper to focus on the CR analogue of Yau’s uniformization conjecture in a complete noncompact pseudohermitian $(2n+1)$-manifold of vanishing torsion (i.e., Sasakian manifold), which is an odd dimensional counterpart of Kähler geometry. In this paper, we mainly deal with the problem of the sharp dimension estimate of CR holomorphic functions in a complete noncompact pseudohermitian manifold of vanishing torsion with nonnegative pseudohermitian bisectional curvature.
Relationship between Children’s and Parents’ Dental Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Six European Countries

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between children’s and parents’ dental anxiety. Methods: 731 children of different ages and their parents from six European countries participated in this study. Dental anxiety was investigated through an online questionnaire, which consisted of general questions and the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS), which is a questionnaire that measures respondents’ reactions on a 5-point scale for four different situations. Results: CDAS results were calculated for all children and their parents. A total of 12.5% of children from Croatia, 26.67% from Macedonia, 10.94% from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 20.31% from Montenegro, 23.08% from Slovenia and 16.10% from Serbia showed a high level of anxiety. The correlation between dental anxiety of parents and children was 0.4 (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Parents with negative experience from a dental office can have a bad effect on their child’s behaviour, which results in the creation of a non-active patient. Due to the clear and existing cause-and-effect relationship of dental anxiety in children and parents, it is extremely important to educate parents about the proper psychological approach to children in order to promote positive experiences from dental offices, as well as to emphasize the importance of regular visits to the dentist.
Invariant and stationary measures for the SL(2,R) action on Moduli space

We prove some ergodic-theoretic rigidity properties of the action of SL(2,R) on moduli space. In particular, we show that any ergodic measure invariant under the action of the upper triangular subgroup of SL(2,R) is supported on an invariant affine submanifold. The main theorems are inspired by the results of several authors on unipotent flows on homogeneous spaces, and in particular by Ratner's seminal work.
Self-efficacy of physical education students in sports psychology learning

There are still physical education students who are unsure of their ability to participate in sports psychology learning. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to determine the level of self-efficacy of physical education students in attending sports psychology learning. The method used is the descriptive research method. The population used was 26 students. The total sampling technique was used to take the size of the research sample. The research techniques and instruments used were in the form of a questionnaire with a validity value of 0.72 and a reliability of 0.73. The mean ideal and standard ideal deviation are used to determine the category, and the percentage is used to determine the percentage of students. The results of the study stated that: 1) male students had a mean score of 51.11 and a standard deviation of 6.67 in the high category; 2) female male students have a mean value of 51.33 and a standard deviation of 6.83 in the high category. So it can be concluded that the level of self-efficacy is in the high category with a frequency of 20 students or 76%, and there is no difference between male and female students.
Duple Color Image Encryption System Based on 3-D Nonequilateral Arnold Transform for IIoT

In the era of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), huge amounts of data are generated, which contains sensitive information. Therefore, how to protect data security is an important challenge in the development of IIoT. To this end, we propose a duple color image encryption method for IIoT. Different from the traditional algorithm that encrypts one plain image into one ciphertext image, our algorithm encrypts two color images into one color ciphertext image which can cause great confusion to the attacker who illegally breaks the ciphertext image. First, the proposed algorithm converts two color images with $N\times M$ into a 3-D bit-level matrix with $N\times M\times 48$. Next, 3-D nonequilateral Arnold transform (3D-NEAT) is applied to permutate the positions of the elements of the resulted 3-D bit-level matrix. Then, the permutated 3-D bit-level matrix is transformed into three 2-D pixel-level images and then diffused by the random diffusion sequences that 3-D Lorenz system (3D-LS) generates. Finally, the scrambling matrices generated by 3D-LS are used to scramble three diffused 2-D pixel-level images, and the output is considered as three color components of the encrypted image. The numerical experiments and security analyses show that the proposed image encryption scheme has strong resistance to several known attacks, and yields near-zero correlation and near-eight entropy for the RGB cipher image, and its performance is better than some of the recently proposed image encryption algorithms.
Energy conditions and twisted localizations of operators

We show that the energy conditions are not necessary for boundedness of fractional Riesz transforms in dimension at least 2. On the other hand, we derive the necessity of the energy conditions for boundedness of families of twisted localizations of fractional Riesz transforms, and also for families of twisted localizations of other fractional singular integrals having the positive gradient property.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Mechanisms and Future Perspectives

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an integral organelle for maintaining protein homeostasis. Multiple factors can disrupt protein folding in the lumen of the ER, triggering ER stress and activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), which interrelates with various damage mechanisms, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Numerous studies have linked ER stress and UPR to the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review focuses on the mechanisms of other cellular processes triggered by UPR and summarizes drug intervention strategies targeting the UPR pathway in COPD to explore new therapeutic approaches and preventive measures for COPD.
The circularity of the business model and the performance of bioeconomy firms: An interactionist business-environment model

Abstract Drawing on the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda, the implementation of circular economy business models (CEBMs) is key for reducing the impacts of business production modes on the environment and is especially suited to, and necessary in, the bioeconomy sector. The purpose of this literature review article is to analyse how firms in this sector can achieve a higher level of circularity in their business models, and how this circularity is positive for the triple bottom line. Building on the theories of social capital, new institutionalism and the triple bottom line (TBL), this article proposes a model to better understand how forest bioeconomy firms can develop high-circularity business models that lead them to excel on the TBL. This study combines internal aspects of the business (e.g., social capital, dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation) with situational variables (social/cultural, regulatory, technological, economic/financial drivers) to explain the level of circularity of business models in bioeconomy firms, as a prior step to enhancing their TBL. The interactionist model proposed is new to the literature and improves our understanding of how the level of circularity of a BM can be enhanced. The propositions derived will help to structure and design future research.
Examples of non-autonomous basins of attraction

The purpose of this paper is to present several examples of non--autonomous basins of attraction that arise from sequences of automorphisms of $\mathbb C^k$. In the first part, we prove that the non-autonomous basin of attraction arising from a pair of automorphisms of $\mathbb C^2$ of a prescribed form is biholomorphic to $\mathbb C^2$. This, in particular, provides a partial answer to a question raised in connection with Bedford's Conjecture about uniformizing stable manifolds. In the second part, we describe three examples of Short $\mathbb C^k$'s with specified properties. First, we show that for $k \geq 3$, there exist $(k-1)$ mutually disjoint Short $\mathbb C^k$'s in $\mathbb C^k$. Second, we construct a Short $\mathbb C^k$, large enough to accommodate a Fatou-Bieberbach domain, that avoids a given algebraic variety of codimension $2$. Lastly, we discuss examples of Short $\mathbb C^k$'s with (piece-wise) smooth boundaries.
Relative Handgrip Strength Mediates the Relationship between Hemoglobin and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Korean Adults

Background: Little is known regarding how anemia and handgrip strength influence the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of older populations. This population-based study aimed to examine whether handgrip strength mediates the association between anemia and HRQoL in a representative sample of 6892 Korean adults aged ≥ 65 years (3753 females). Methods: HRQoL was assessed with the EuroQol-5 dimension. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and handgrip strength was measured with a digital hand dynamometer. Results: Individuals with anemia were at increased risk for a lower HRQoL (odds ratio, OR = 1.285, p = 0.002) even after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, income, marital status, education, physical activity, and multimorbidity compared with individuals without anemia (OR = 1). Individuals with weak handgrip strength were also at increased risk for a lower HRQoL (OR = 1.429, p < 0.001) even after adjustment for all the covariates compared with individuals with normal handgrip strength (OR = 1). Mediation analysis with a bootstrapping procedure showed that relative handgrip strength mediated the relationship between hemoglobin and HRQoL (95% confidence interval, CI 0.0192 to 0.0289) even after adjustment for all covariates, with 42.0% of the total effect of hemoglobin on HRQoL explained. Conclusions: The current findings suggest that the impact of anemia on HRQoL is partially mediated by weak handgrip strength, implying the clinical importance of having or maintaining adequate hemoglobin and handgrip strength via healthy lifestyle choices to maintain a high HRQoL later in life.
Exterior convexity and classical calculus of variations

We study the relation between various notions of exterior convexity introduced in [S. Bandyopadhyay, B. Dacorogna and S. Sil, J. Eur. Math. Soc. 17 (2015) 1009–1039. ] with the classical notions of rank one convexity, quasiconvexity and polyconvexity. To this end, we introduce a projection map, which generalizes the alternating projection for two-tensors in a new way and study the algebraic properties of this map. We conclude with a few simple consequences of this relation which yields new proofs for some of the results discussed in [S. Bandyopadhyay, B. Dacorogna and S. Sil, J. Eur. Math. Soc. 17 (2015) 1009–1039. ].
On the slice-ribbon conjecture for pretzel knots

We give a necessary, and in some cases sufficient, condition for sliceness inside the family of pretzel knots P.p1;:::;pn/ with one pi even. The 3‐stranded case yields two interesting families of examples: The first consists of knots for which the nonsliceness is detected by the Alexander polynomial while several modern obstructions to sliceness vanish. The second family has the property that the correction terms from Heegaard‐Floer homology of the double branched covers of these knots do not obstruct the existence of a rational homology ball; however, the Casson‐Gordon invariants show that the double branched covers do not bound rational homology balls. 57M25