Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applying student-generated theories about global change and energy demand

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how learning technology could be applied to the development of educational tools for global climate change. The task to be performed in an informed dialogue is to assess the causes and drivers for global climate change and to produce an improved basis of scientific understanding for the implementation of the climate protection targets suggested for each country. By character, this approach integrates the political and the scientific level. Design/methodology/approach – The paper applies learning theories and options for educational technologies to socio-economic, technological, biospheric, political and scientific themes relevant to present climate change. Findings – Drivers, effects and subsequent measures are subject to highly nonlinear effects. Thus, the combination of a (scientific, fact based) “Global Change Data Base” and a (dialogic, communication based) discourse (in the spirit of “Surfing Global Change”) seems best suitable to produce solutions fo.
Investigation of the Membrane Localization and Interaction of Selected Flavonoids by NMR and FTIR Spectroscopy

In this report, we discuss the effects of undescribed flavone derivatives, HZ4 and SP9, newly isolated from the aerial parts of Hottonia palustris L. and Scleranthus perennis L. on membranes. Interaction of flavonoids with lipid bilayers is important for medicinal applications. The experiments were performed with FTIR and NMR techniques on liposomes prepared from DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) and EYPC (egg yolk phosphatidylcholine). The data showed that the examined polyphenols incorporate into the polar head group region of DPPC phospholipids at both 25 °C and 45 °C. At the lower temperature, a slight effect in the spectral region of the ester carbonyl group is observed. In contrast, at 45 °C, both compounds bring about the changes in the spectral regions attributed to antisymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of CH2 and CH3 moieties. Similarly, as in DPPC lipids, the tested compounds interact with the fingerprint region of the polar head groups of the EYPC lipids and cause its reorganization. The outcomes obtained by NMR analyses confirmed the localization of both flavonoids in the polar heads zone. Unraveled effects of HZ4 and SP9 in respect to lipid bilayers can partly determine their biological activities and are crucial for their usability in medicine as disease-preventing phytochemicals.
Lateglacial and early Holocene environmental changes along the northwest European continental margin

Palynological studies from two lacustrine sites, Lochan An Druim in northern Scotland and NikkupierjaVri in northern Finnmark, have demonstrated quantitative changes in the vegetation of the northwest European continental margin, following deglaciation (са 16.0 - 7.5 ka BP), and these changes have been correlated with the short term fluctuations and rapid changes in climate as recorded in the GRIP ice-core record. It has been shown that the palaeovegetation profiles from these sites, near to the potential extremities of northward penetration of warm ocean surface water during this time have recorded some of these events differentially, indicating a northward lag in response to Holocene warming that is not temporally consistent, and this has been attributed to the relative proximity of the North Atlantic Polar Front. เท addition, evidence is presented for a previously unrecorded early Holocene Icelandic cryptotephra from Lochan An Druim, together with evidence in support of a 'Younger Borroboľ cryptotephra from Lateglacial sediments of Allerod age at the same location.
Augmented thrombin formation is related to circulating levels of extracellular vesicles exposing tissue factor and citrullinated histone-3 in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides

Objectives To study circulating myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive extracellular vesicles (MPO+EVs) exposing citrullinated histone-3 (H3Cit), tissue factor (TF), and plasminogen (Plg) in association to thrombin generation in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Methods We have involved well-characterized patients with AAV together with population-based controls. Flow cytometry was used to assess the levels of MPO+EVs in citrated plasma. MPO+EVs were phenotyped by anti-MPO-antibodies together with anti-CD142 (anti-TF), anti-H3Cit, and anti-Plg antibodies. A modified Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CAT) assay was utilized to measure thrombin generation in plasma initiated by EVs-enriched pellets. The activity of AAV was evaluated with the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). Results This study comprised 46 AAV patients, 23 in the active stage of the disease and 23 in remission, as well as 23 age- and sex matched population-based controls. Augmented levels of all investigated MPO+ EVs were found in active AAV patients in comparison to the subgroup of patients in remission and controls. Thrombin generation, measured by endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and peak of thrombin formation, was higher in plasma when triggered by EVs-enriched pellet from AAV patients. ETP and peak were associated with the levels of MPO+TF+ and MPO+H3Cit+ EVs. Additionally, MPO+TF+ EVs correlated with the disease activity evaluated with BVAS. Conclusion Augmented thrombin generation is found in AAV patients regardless of disease activity and is associated with higher exposure of TF and H3Cit on MPO+EVs. This may contribute to the increased risk of thrombosis seen in AAV patients.
Major influence of plume‐ridge interaction, lithosphere thickness variations, and global mantle flow on hotspot volcanism—The example of Tristan

Hotspot tracks are thought to originate when mantle plumes impinge moving plates. However, many observed cases close to mid‐ocean ridges do not form a single age‐progressive line, but vary in width, are separated into several volcanic chains, or are distributed over different plates. Here we study plume‐ridge interaction at the example of the Tristan plume, which features all of these complexities. Additionally, the South Atlantic formed close to where plume volcanism began, opening from the south and progressing northward with a notable decrease in magmatism across the Florianopolis Fracture Zone. We study the full evolution of the Tristan plume in a series of three‐dimensional regional models created with the convection code ASPECT. We then compute crustal thickness maps and compare them to seismic profiles and the topography of the South Atlantic. We find that the separation of volcanism into the Tristan and Gough chain can be explained by the position of the plume relative to the ridge and the influence of the global flow field. Plume material below the off‐ridge track can flow toward the ridge and regions of thinner lithosphere, where decompression melting leads to the development of a second volcanic chain resembling the Tristan and Gough hotspot tracks. Agreement with the observations is best for a small plume buoyancy flux of 500 kg/s or a low excess temperature of 150 K. The model explains the distribution of syn‐rift magmatism by hot plume material that flows into the rift and increases melt generation.
The Students' Responses Toward the Use of Google Classroom for Learning Vocabulary In the Higher Education

This study was undertaken with the aim of eliciting students' perspectives concerning the utilization of Google Classroom as an instructional platform for enhancing vocabulary in the realm of higher education. Employing a descriptive quantitative methodology, the investigation was carried out among a cohort of 19 students in their fourth academic semester, all of whom were actively enrolled in the English Education Department at Blitar Islamic University. The primary research tool was a questionnaire, The finding revealed a positive inclination among students toward utilizing Google Classroom for vocabulary instruction. The study underscored the efficacy of Google Classroom in facilitating vocabulary acquisition through its interactive features, enabling seamless communication between peers and instructors for the dissemination of vocabulary materials. This is proved by the students' responses, for example;84.2% of students agreed that Google Classroom can be downloaded easily on multiple devices, and another 84.2% of students agreed that they enjoy using Google Classroom for learning vocabulary because of its free accessibility. However, an element of uncertainty persists among students concerning the potential of Google Classroom to either supplement or supplant traditional classroom settings in vocabulary learning activities. This research sheds light on the promising role of technology-enhanced learning platforms like Google Classroom in fostering vocabulary development while also recognizing the need for further exploration of their integration within broader education.
Microcontinents on the eastern margin of Tarim paleocontinent

There were at least four microcontinents on the eastern margin of the Tarim paleocontinent prior to Early Paleozoic. They are, from north to south, Longshoushan, Qilian, Oulongbuluke and Qaidam, which have somewhat similar yet different Early Precambrian metamorphosed basements and Mesoproterozoic meta_sediments. Quite complex geological evolution was detected along the margins of these microcontinents, especially along the margin of Qaidam, where a Neoproterozoic granite gneiss belt over 700 km long is developed. In addition, Cambrian and Ordovician volcanic arc and ophiolite melange were superimposed upon the microcontinental margins. From north to south, the north Qilian ophiolite melange,the south Qilian ophiolite melange, the Shaliuhe_Yuqiahe high_pressure and super high_pressure meta_morphic belt and the Qingshuiquan ophiolite melange in central Kunlun Mountains are developed between two adjacent microcontinents, representing suture belts between two microcontinents. The suture belts are from Cambrian to Ordovician in age. Geological characteristics of these microcontinents, especially the characteristics since Neoproterozoic, are generally similar to features of the Tarim paleocontinent. However, the time and location of amalgamation between the Tarim and the microcontinents require further investigation.
Characteristics and antioxidant activity of Maillard reaction products from β-lactoglobulin and isomaltooligosaccharide

Starch-derived isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) is potentially used as prebiotics in infant formulas. Given that they are non-digestible carbohydrates rich in reducing substrates, it’s crucial to understand if they can interact with β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) to produce Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and how these MRPs might influence the nutritional properties of β-LG. In our investigation, we conjugated β-LG with IMO to generate MRPs. Using a spectrophotometer, we identified the intermediates and assessed browning. We also evaluated changes in free amino groups and structural alterations. The antioxidative activity of the resulting compounds was assessed using DPPH and the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Our data revealed increased visible absorption and fluorescence intensity, suggesting the formation of intermediate and browning products. The content of free amino groups diminished by 33%, supporting the conjugation of IMO with β-LG. However, circular dichroism results indicated no significant alterations in the secondary structure of β-LG. Notably, the β-LG-IMO MRPs exhibited enhanced 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP). The findings provide insights into the characteristics and antioxidant activities of the conjugates derived from IMO and dairy protein in infant formula.
Health Status Classification for Cows Using Machine Learning and Data Management on AWS Cloud

Simple Summary Digital transformation in modern farms is triggered by the development of technologies. It allows the monitoring of livestock and evaluation of animal welfare by using data from an increasing number of sensors and IoT devices. This research supports farmers with information on cow health status classification based on the non-invasive IoT sensors and information on the micro- and macroenvironment of the cow. The collected data from various sources are processed, modeled, and integrated following the proposed workflow. Several machine learning (ML) models are trained and tested to classify cow health status into three categories. The results are visualized for the farmer’s use. This approach is different from other studies because we investigate how microenvironments, macroenvironments, and cow’s information influences the cow health status and whether a combination of these can support and increase accuracy and reliability in the classification process. It provides a practical solution for monitoring large farms, particularly suitable for the livestock industry. Abstract The health and welfare of livestock are significant for ensuring the sustainability and profitability of the agricultural industry. Addressing efficient ways to monitor and report the health status of individual cows is critical to prevent outbreaks and maintain herd productivity. The purpose of the study is to develop a machine learning (ML) model to classify the health status of milk cows into three categories. In this research, data are collected from existing non-invasive IoT devices and tools in a dairy farm, monitoring the micro- and macroenvironment of the cow in combination with particular information on age, days in milk, lactation, and more. A workflow of various data-processing methods is systematized and presented to create a complete, efficient, and reusable roadmap for data processing, modeling, and real-world integration. Following the proposed workflow, the data were treated, and five different ML algorithms were trained and tested to select the most descriptive one to monitor the health status of individual cows. The highest result for health status assessment is obtained by random forest classifier (RFC) with an accuracy of 0.959, recall of 0.954, and precision of 0.97. To increase the security, speed, and reliability of the work process, a cloud architecture of services is presented to integrate the trained model as an additional functionality in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) environment. The classification results of the ML model are visualized in a newly created interface in the client application.
Promoting Meaning and Recovery for Psychosis: Comparison of Metacognitively-Oriented Psychotherapists and Clinicians in Psychiatric Rehabilitation

Introduction Recovery from psychosis is an expected and desired outcome in psychiatric rehabilitation that may involve subjective outcomes related to personal recovery. While a considerable amount of qualitative research has examined patients’ experience of recovery oriented approaches, there are less studies examining clinicians’ perspectives. Examining the clinician point of view is important for both supporting clinicians within recovery-oriented practice, as well as for understanding underlying therapeutic processes. The aims of this study were to explore clinician experience of offering different psychiatric rehabilitation treatments for individuals with psychosis, and to understand similarities and differences of clinicians whose work differed in its recovery emphasis. Methods Open-ended interviews were conducted with 10 psychotherapists providing Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT), a recovery oriented form of integrative psychotherapy focused on subjective aspects of recovery, and 10 clinicians providing standard psychiatric rehabilitation services. Results Thematic analysis revealed important similarities and differences between these two groups of providers. There were seven themes found for MERIT therapists: Comfort with uncertainty, Emphasis on collaboration, Being part of therapeutic change, Connecting with clients, Emphasis on patient autonomy, Experiencing growth, and Therapist use of self-awareness. There were four themes found for psychiatric rehabilitation clinicians: Value of a structured approach, Focus on a strengths-based approach, Witnessing behavioral change, and Building rapport to support the work. Discussion As expected, both similarities and differences arose between clinician groups. Results indicated that both groups focused on the therapeutic relationship and monitoring progress and outcomes. Unexpectedly, MERIT therapists reported growth as well as comfort with uncertainty. These findings suggest that MERIT is a a psychotherapy that offers unique opportunities for creative and flexible exploration of meaning and agency that is both challenging and rewarding for clinicians. Implications for supporting healthy clinician practice and the development of services are discussed.
The Response of Water Level of Selin Co to Climate Change during 1975-2008

An analysis is made about the response of Selin Co lake area change to climate change,based on RS,GIS and modern climate statistical methods with the aid of TM and CBERS remote sensing data from 1980-2008 as well as temperature,precipitation,the amount of evaporation,the biggest depth of frozen soil from 1975-2008 at the stations such as Shenzha,Bange and Anduo etc.Based on the digitized 1:100,000 topographic map in 1975 and through analyses of remote sensing data after the 1980s,it is found that water levels of Selin Co,Co'e and Yagen Co lakes present a distinct expanding trend in the past 30 years.In 2008,the water level areas of the above three lakes are 2196.23 km2,279.24 km2,103.07 km2,and they increase by 574.46 km2,11.59 km2 and 68.13 km2 respectively compared to 1975.Moreover,Selin Co expands at a rate of 20%,with an average of 420 km2/10a,thus it has become the largest salty inland lake,exceeding the area of Nam Co lake in Tibet during the period 1999-2008.The main reasons for lake area expansion is the increase in snow/ice meting water under the background of global warming,followed by the increase of precipitation,decrease of the evaporation and degradation of permafrost.
Detection of Various Traditional Chinese Medicinal Metabolites as Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Molecular Docking, Activity Testing, and Surface Plasmon Resonance Approaches

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) is a peptide involved in fluid and blood pressure management. It regulates blood pressure by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which has vasoconstrictive effects. Previous studies have shown that certain compounds of natural origin can inhibit the activity of angiotensin-converting enzymes and exert blood pressure-regulating effects. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor technology is the industry standard method for observing biomolecule interactions. In our study, we used molecular simulation methods to investigate the docking energies of various herbal metabolites with ACE1 proteins, tested the real-time binding affinities between various herbal metabolites and sACE1 by SPR, and analyzed the relationship between real-time binding affinity and docking energy. In addition, to further explore the connection between inhibitor activity and real-time binding affinity, several herbal metabolites′ in vitro inhibitory activities were tested using an ACE1 activity test kit. The molecular docking simulation technique’s results and the real-time affinity tested by the SPR technique were found to be negatively correlated, and the virtual docking technique still has some drawbacks as a tool for forecasting proteins′ affinities to the metabolites of Chinese herbal metabolites. There may be a positive correlation between the enzyme inhibitory activity and the real-time affinity detected by the SPR technique, and the results from the SPR technique may provide convincing evidence to prove the interaction between herbal metabolites and ACE1 target proteins.
Understanding Interoception and Its Importance in Body and Mind Functions: A Review

Interoception, the sensing of the body’s internal sensations, contributes to numerous aspects of human’s cognitive and affective abilities. Interoception mechanisms ensure physiological health through the coordination of homeostatic reflexes and allostatic responses. This review presents how deeply interoception controls our daily motivational behaviors and associated affective and emotional feelings. Since its discovery at the twilight of the 19th century, relentless research and experimental work have pushed far back the borders of interoception. Concept enrichment is still to find its limits: from its role in balancing and maintaining the energy-efficiency of the integrity and health of the body (homeostasis) to its emotional importance in learning, motivation and decision making, the field of interoception doesn't stop extending. Scientific measuring of interoceptive effects is also making fulgurant progress, though accuracy and relation between self-awareness and interoceptive attention are still to be fine-tuned. In addition, the review also addresses impairment caused by interoceptive deficiencies (alexithymia), commenting research and group experiments made in physical, emotional and physiological fields. Open questions are raised about whether interoception is a unitary function as well as about the ways to reduce individual weak interoceptive abilities, such as training and meditation. In conclusion, the signaling, sensing, and detection of bodily states are implicated in physical and mental well-being. Interoception research contributes to understanding into the dynamic interactions between body, brain, and mind.
Effects of cigarette smoking on semen quality, reproductive hormone levels, metabolic profile, zinc and sperm DNA fragmentation in men: results from a population-based study

Background Cigarette smoking seems to have a negative impact on men’s reproductive health, but our knowledge of its effects on the reproductive function of Russian men is still very limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on semen quality, including sperm DNA fragmentation, hormonal, zinc and metabolic status in young men from the general multi-ethnic Russian population (n=1,222, median age 23 years) and to find out the ethno-specific effects of smoking by comparing male groups of different ethnicity. Methods Each participant filled out a standardized questionnaire, provided one blood and semen sample. Semen parameters, serum reproductive hormones, lipids, glucose, uric acid and seminal zinc were analyzed. Participants were classified as smokers (n=450) and non-smokers (n=772), and smokers were stratified into moderate (≤10 cigarettes/day) and heavy (>10 cigarettes/day) smokers. Results In the entire study population, heavy smokers were characterized by a decrease in semen volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration and motility, and an increase in sperm DNA fragmentation and teratozoospermia compared with non-smokers (p<0.05). There was also a reduction in the serum and seminal zinc level as well as an impairment in metabolic health in smokers compared with non-smokers (p<0.05). No significant differences between smokers and non-smokers were found for serum levels of LH, FSH, inhibin B, testosterone and estradiol. In the second part of our study, the most numerous ethnic groups of Slavs (n=654), Buryats (n=191), and Yakuts (n=125) were selected from the entire study population. Among three ethnic groups, the smoking intensity was higher in Slavs than in Buryats or Yakuts suggesting a greater tobacco addiction in Slavs than in Asians. A decrease in semen parameters and seminal zinc levels, and an increase in sperm DNA fragmentation and teratozoospermia was observed only in smoking Slavs (p<0.05); moderate decrease in testosterone and increase in triglyceride levels were revealed in smoking Yakuts (p<0.05), but no significant changes were detected in smoking Buryats. Conclusion We concluded that cigarette smoking has an ethno-specific effect on male reproductive function, probably due to the different activity of the seminal antioxidant system, which is yet to be elucidated.