Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heat-related productivity loss: benefits derived by working in the shade or work-time shifting

Agricultural workers represent an important part of the population exposed to high heat-related health and productivity risks. This study aims to estimate the heat-related productivity loss (PL) for moderate work activities in sun and shady areas and evaluating the economic cost locally in an Italian farm and generally in the whole province of Florence. Benefits deriving by working in the shade or work-time shifting were provided. Comparisons between PL estimated in Mediterranean (Florence, Italy) and subtropical (Guangzhou, China) areas were also carried out. ,Meteorological data were collected during summers 2017–2018 through a station installed in a farm in the province of Florence and by two World Meteorological Organization (WMO)‐certified meteorological stations located at the Florence and Guangzhou airports. These data were used to calculate the wet-bulb globe temperature and to estimate the hourly PL and the economic cost during the typical working time (from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.) and by advancing of 1 h and 2 h the working time. Significant differences were calculated through nonparametric tests. ,The hourly PL and the related economic cost significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by working in the shade and by work-time shifting. Higher PL values were observed in Guangzhou than in Florence. The decrease of PL observed by work-time shifting was greater in Florence than in Guangzhou. ,Useful information to plan suitable heat-related prevention strategies to counteract the effects of heat in the workplace are provided. These findings are essential to quantify the beneficial effects due to the implementation of specific heat-related adaptation measures to counter the impending effects of climate change.
Herbicide Combinations for Soybean (Glycine max) Planted in Stale Seedbed

Barnyardgrass 7 to 25 cm tall was controlled 48 to 74% with paraquat (420 g/ha), 83 to 87% with glyphosate (1120 g/ha), and 85 to 91% with glufosinate (840 g/ha). In most cases barnyardgrass control was not enhanced with addition of residual herbicides metribuzin plus chlorimuron, metribuzin, or imazaquin. Barnyardgrass and seedling johnsongrass no more than 13 cm tall was controlled at least 90% regardless of herbicide treatment. When rhizome and seedling johnsongrass were present, control with glyphosate was 96% compared with 55% for paraquat and 86% with glufosinate. Tank-mixtures of non-selective and residual herbicides generally enhanced control of entireleaf and pitted morningglory, hemp sesbania (15 to 30 cm), and prickly sida (15 to 18 cm). Soybean yields in most cases were not increased with addition of residual herbicides. Yield following glufosinate applied alone was 25% higher than following paraquat, and for all herbicide treatments yields were at least 45% greater than when a non-selective herbicide was not applied.
Socioeconomic feasibility of green roofs and walls in public buildings: The case study of primary schools in Portugal

Abstract Green infrastructure has been applied in urban areas to mitigate the negative effects of urbanization and promote the efficient use of resources. This study suggests a methodology for assessing the economic value of installing green roofs and green walls in public buildings, particularly in primary schools. The economic evaluation considers costs and benefits from three perspectives—(i) infrastructure, (ii) users, and (iii) environment—using three levels of analysis (i) financial, (ii) economic, and (iii) socio-environmental. The methodology is applied to ten alternative green roofs/walls scenarios in two primary schools in Lisbon, Portugal, for validation purposes. The cost-benefit analysis is carried out for a 40 and 50-year life cycle, using a 6.67% discount rate. The results show that all scenarios are feasible. The final benefit-cost ratios range between 3.01 and 34.99. A sensitivity analysis shows that the installation cost, esthetic improvement, and increased sound insulation have a significant impact on the results.
A SURVEY FOR ZOONOTIC AND OTHER GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN PIG IN BALI PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Pigs have potentially to transmit zoonotic gastrointestinal parasite disease both caused by protozoa and worm. The aim of this study was to identify gastrointestinal parasites that were potentially zoonotic in pigs in the province of Bali. A total of 100 fresh feces samples was collected from several pig farms in Bali, from Badung and Tabanan districts, each consisted of 50 samples. Pig feces samples were examined for the presence of eggs worms, cysts and oocysts for protozoa based on the morphology and size. Identification for protozoa and worms used native, sedimentation and sucrose flotation methods. Parameters measured were sex, feed and cage management. The result showed that the characteristic parameters for pigs in both district were generally female. Cage management for raising pigs mostly used group cage. Feed that provided in both district mostly used bran and concentrate. All of 100 pig feces samples that examined positive for parasites. There were 8 types of gastrointestinal parasites that have been identified. Four types of protozoa found were Entamoeba sp. (99%), Balantidium sp. (79%), Eimeria sp. (78%), Blastocystis sp. (69%) and four types of worms were Ascaris sp. (20%), Trichuris sp. (20%), Strongyloides sp. (19%), and Oesophagostomum sp. (8%). All pigs were infected with two or more parasites. The prevalence of parasitic gastrointestinal infections was different for each district, six genera (Entamoeba sp., Balantidium sp., Blastocystis sp., Eimeria sp., Oesophagostomum sp. and Trichuris sp.) were higher found in Tabanan district and the two genera (Ascaris sp. and Strongyloides sp.) were higher in Badung district. Oesophagostomum sp. was only found to infect pigs in Tabanan district. The conclusion is gastrointestinal parasites that found in pigs at Badung and Tabanan district Bali Province mostly have zoonotic potential.
Pest density influences on tomato pigment contents: the South American tomato pinworm scenario

It has long been hypothesized that there is a relationship between pigment content of host plant and pest densities. This study aimed to assess the amount of tomato carotenoid, chlorophyll content and leaf area damage in response to different levels of damage caused by the South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepodoptera: Gelechiidae). The results confirmed the effect of pest density on chlorophyll a, b, a+b, and carotenoids contents were all significant in the first year of study. During the second year, the effect of T. absoluta treatments on chlorophyll “a”, “b”, “a+b” and on carotenoids was significant. The highest and lowest values of pigment content were recorded in control and plant treatments of eight T. absoluta eggs in the first year and plant treatments of sixteen eggs in the second year, respectively. The results of leaf loss assessment demonstrated a significantly different consumed leaf area across the different densities of T. absoluta eggs in both years. The results are useful in gaining an oversight of pest density influences on tomato pigment content. By estimating the reduction of the pigments content and or reducing the green tissue of the plant and its relationship with the pest density, damage can be prevented before it reaches the economic injury level.
Numerical Modeling of Suprathermal Electron Transport in the Solar Wind: Effects of Whistler Turbulence

The solar wind electron velocity distribution function deviates significantly from an equilibrium Maxwellian distribution and is composed of a Maxwellian core, a suprathermal halo, a field-aligned component strahl, and a higher-energy superhalo. Wave–particle interactions associated with whistler wave turbulence are introduced into the kinetic transport equation to describe the interaction between the suprathermal electrons and the whistler waves and to explain the observation that the halo and the strahl relative densities vary in an opposite sense. An efficient numerical method has been developed to solve the Fokker–Planck kinetic transport equation. Application of the numerical method to suprathermal electrons in the solar wind in the presence of whistler waves is presented. Comparison and analysis between the numerical results and observations are made.
Assessment of RGB Vegetation Indices to Estimate Chlorophyll Content in Sugar Beet Leaves in the Final Cultivation Stage

Estimation of chlorophyll content with portable meters is an easy way to quantify crop nitrogen status in sugar beet leaves. In this work, an alternative for chlorophyll content estimation using RGB-only vegetation indices has been explored. In a first step, pictures of spring-sown ‘Fernanda KWS’ variety sugar beet leaves taken with a commercial camera were used to calculate 25 RGB indices reported in the literature and to obtain 9 new indices through principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise linear regression (SLR) techniques. The performance of the 34 indices was examined in order to evaluate their ability to estimate chlorophyll content and chlorophyll degradation in the leaves under different natural light conditions along 4 days of the canopy senescence period. Two of the new proposed RGB indices were found to improve the already good performance of the indices reported in the literature, particularly for leaves featuring low chlorophyll contents. The 4 best indices were finally tested in field conditions, using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-taken photographs of a sugar beet plot, finding a reasonably good agreement with chlorophyll-meter data for all indices, in particular for I2 and (R−B)/(R+G+B). Consequently, the suggested RGB indices may hold promise for inexpensive chlorophyll estimation in sugar beet leaves during the harvest time, although a direct relationship with nitrogen status still needs to be validated.
Anther development and cytochemistry in Asphodelus aestivus (Asphodelaceae)

Asphodelus aestivus Brot. (Asphodelaceae) anthers were analysed to provide a detailed understanding of the events that lead to pollen grain development, accompanied by cytochemical observations at different ontogenic stages. An anther locule of A. aestivus was bordered by 4 different layers: the tapetum, the middle layer, the endothecium, and the epidermis. At the tetrad stage, secretory tapetal cells enlarged maximally, while they showed degeneration at the young microspore stage. During the course of the degeneration, vacuolisation and reduction in the volume were conspicuous. Cytochemical analysis revealed that tapetal cells presented an intense reaction with regard to protein, insoluble polysaccharides, and lipids, although the rest of the wall cells reacted weakly throughout development. The entire wall layer cells were rich in starch grains as well. The ultrastructural outcomes confirmed that orbicules were embedded within the dissolving tapetal walls. Young pollen cytoplasm was rich in mitochondria and short ER cisterns, and encircled by the intine and exine. The exine of mature pollen was of the tectate-columellate type. The intine became thicker and consisted of 2 sublayers at the sulcus. The mature pollen had the following morphological characteristics: monosulcate, heteropolar, oblate-spheroidal, widely elliptical in polar view, rhombic, and large. The cytoplasm of a mature pollen grain was filled with starch grains, insoluble polysaccharides, and proteins.
Human Resource Management Practice in Lithuania: Evidences and Challenges

Received October 01, 2018 Revised from October 27, 2019 Accepted December 01, 2019 Available online March 15, 2019 As human resources have been already recognized as the most valuable factor for organizational success, HRM in order to cope with new challenges has to focus more and more attention to the choice and application of up–to–date practices that would allow the most efficient use of the human resources of organizations. The purpose of this article is to define the level of usage of different HRM practices in business companies in Lithuania and to assess the perception of their effectiveness by HR specialists and professionals. The methodology is based on cross-sectional analysis of HRM practices in great variety of business sectors and included the survey of more than 500 respondents responsible for HRM. Research findings revealed that in recruitment field old fashioned peer recommendations are competing with application of newest internet-based technologies as the most effective practices for finding the best candidates. Job interviews have almost total application in the businesses as selection practice and it is seen as the most effective tool by specialists and professionals. The most common formal employees appraisal practices seem do not have big support between specialists and professionals. Here, more specific, customtailored solutions are preferred by the companies. Both, on-the-job training and off-the-job training are very highly valued by respondents. Research results let to outline some major trends and regularities important for understanding of HRM in contemporary business environment in Lithuania. JEL classification: M12, M51, M53, M54 DOI: 10.14254/1800-5845/2020.16-1.14
Potential impact of neonicotinoid insecticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera) in muskmelon production

Nixon, Kira. M.S., Purdue University, December 2014. Potential impact of neonicotinoid insecticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera) in muskmelon production. Major Professor: Dr. Ricky E. Foster. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) provide pollination services to many agricultural crops, including cucurbits. Neonicotinoids are commonly applied to cucurbits where honey bee colonies are often rented for sufficient pollination and proper fruit set. The goals of this study were to determine the potential impact of neonicotinoid residues on honey bees in muskmelon production and to determine the extent and duration of striped cucumber beetle control among treatments. The neonicotinoids evaluated were imidacloprid and its metabolites imidacloprid olefin and 5-hydroxyimidacloprid, thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin, and acetamiprid. Thiamethoxam applied as a FarMore seed treatment resulted in a highest mean pollen concentration of clothianidin at 6.48 ng/g. The highest mean pollen concentrations of thiamethoxam when applied as a Platinum transplant water drench reached 64 ng/g, and the Actara foliar spray reached 133 ng/g. Imidacloprid applied as an Admire Pro transplant water drench reached a mean pollen concentration of 96 ng/g. All of the resulting pollen residue concentrations following these treatments reached levels that have been shown to cause adverse effects on honey bees. The application of the acetamiprid Assail foliar spray reached a mean pollen concentration of 150 ng/g which is well below the levels that have been shown to cause negative effects on honey bees. The low label rates for both soil drenches of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam provided control comparable to the high label rates. Imidacloprid provided the best protection, while both insecticides maintained populations below the economic threshold for 20 days after application at transplanting whereas the control did not. High label rate foliar sprays of acetamiprid applied as Assail and thiamethoxam applied as Actara both provided protection against striped cucumber beetles for 7 days after application when the
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE TÉCNICAS COPROPARASITOLÓGICAS NO DIAGNÓSTICO DE OVOS DE HELMINTOS E OOCISTOS DE PROTOZOÁRIOS EM CÃES

TAPARO, C.V. ; PERRI, S.H. V. ; SERRANO, A.C. M. ; ISHIZAKI, M.N. ; COSTA, T.P. DA; AMARANTE, A.F. T. DO; BRESCIANI, K.D. S. (Comparison between coproparasitological techniques for the diagnosis of helminth eggs or protozoa oocysts in dogs). Comparacao entre tecnicas coproparasitologicas no diagnostico de ovos de helmintos e oocistos de protozoarios em caes. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria , v. 15, n. 1, p.1-5, 2006. Departamento de Apoio, Producao e Saude Animal, Faculdade de Odontologia de Aracatuba- UNESP, Rua Clovis Pestana, 793, Jardim D. Amelia, Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: cvidovix@hotmail.com In this study we evaluated the frequency of enteroparasites in pet dogs and their association with age, sex and breed, as well as the efficiency of the Willis-Mollay, Faust, Sedimentation and Direct exam methods. By these methods we processed 401 fecal samples. The samples were positive in the following percentages: Ancylostoma spp. (53.1%), Toxocara canis (20.7%), Cystoisospora ohioensis (15.7%), Trichuris vulpis (3.7%), Dipylidium caninum (2.5%) and Taenia spp. (1.0%). Toxocara canis (67.3%) and C. ohioensis (47.3%) showed higher positivity in the pupies. The Willis-Mollay technique was more efficient in the diagnosis of Ancylostoma spp. and T. canis eggs. The Direct method was the least efficient. It was found that the majority of the cases of D. caninum were diagnosed by the Sedimentation method (8=2.0%), while for T. vulpis Willis-Mollay (12=3.0%) and Sedimentation (13=3.2%) were more efficient. In view of these results, we can recommend the association of Willis-Mollay and Sedimentation methods for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal helminths. Due to the elevated occurrence of Ancylostoma spp. and T. canis, which are involved in zoonotic diseases, it becomes necessary to apply more efficient prophylaxis of canine intestinal parasitosis at the City of Aracatuba, state of Sao Paulo.
Senecio jacobaea : toxicity and effects on mineral metabolism in animals

approved: Redacted for privacy P.R. Cheeke Several experiments were conducted to examine the toxicity of Senecio jacobaea (SJ) in animals resistant to pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) intoxication and to determine the extent of alterations in mineral metabolism as a result of SJ intoxication. Inclusion of SJ into diets containing added copper (Cu) resulted in increased (P<.01) liver Cu levels when fed to rats. Percent distribution of total Cu in intracellular fractions was increased in the nuclei and debris (P<.001) and decreased in the lysosomes and cytosol (P<.05) as a result of dietary SJ. Elevated spleen weights (P<.001), and serum ceruloplasmin activity (P<.01) were also observed in rats fed SJ. Results suggest an impairment or saturation of hepatic intracellular excretory mechanisms for Cu during SJ intoxication. Guinea pigs were determined to be extremely resistant to dietary SJ and injected monocrotaline, but susceptible to injected Senecio alkaloids. The chronic lethal dose (LD 100) of SJ for guinea pigs was 525% of initial body weight. Histopathology of liver tissue revealed extensive megalocytosis, cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuolization, biliary hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis. Centrilobular areas appeared spared from necrotic lesions. An increase (P<.05) in liver Cu levels was observed in SJ fed rabbits. Results suggest this increase was not due to PA induced changes in gastrointestinal (GIT) absorption of minerals. PA were found to be readily transferred across the GIT of rabbits in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest the resistance of rabbits to dietary SJ intoxication may be due to efficient urinary elimination of PA and(or) metabolites but not low PA absorption across the GIT. Accumulation of liver Cu in sheep fed SJ only occurred when hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidases (MFO) were induced by phenobarbital. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity was found to be high in normal sheep when compared to previously reported values for rats. Histopathology of liver tissue from sheep fed SJ indicated periportal but not centrilobular lesions. Results suggest that MFO induction does not increase the sensitivity of sheep to SJ intoxication. Chromatographic analysis of sheep rumen fluid-SJ incubation mixtures indicated an overall release of PA from plant material, without formation of the non-toxic metabolite, 7Q-0H-1-methylene &apyrrolizidine. In addition, SJ fermented in sheep rumen fluid retained its toxicity to rats. Senecio jacobaea: Toxicity and Effects on Mineral Metabolism in Animals
Current status of water pollution by integrated industrial hubs (IIHs) in India

Integrated industrial hubs (IIHs) are the major cause of water pollution in India. This chapter reveals the issues of industrialization and its causes and consequences to the environment in total and water in particular. Environmental pollution is a worldwide problem, now receiving worldwide attention. The majority of the solid wastes and wastewaters are released into the soil and water bodies. Fundamental contributors of the surface and groundwater contamination are the results of different manufacturing units, for example, textile, metal, dying chemicals, pesticides, cement, petrochemical, fertilizers, energy, sugar processing, construction, leather, steel, engineering, food processing, mining and others. Water and human health are correlated wherein one affects the other, and the magnitude of the problem is such that its solution invites an integrated approach. Thus, proper treatment and disposal of IIH wastewater should be done to mitigate its environmental impacts. Therefore, this book chapter deals with the characteristics and potential effects of integrated industrial hubs (IIHs) on surface and groundwater quality in India. The information provided suggests implementing effective measures to mitigate their wastewater disposal impacts.
Binary particle swarm optimization for variables selection optimization in Taguchi’s T-Method

Prediction analysis has drawn significant interest in numerous field. Taguchi’s T-Method is a prediction tool that developed practically but not limited to small sample analysis. It was developed explicitly for multidimensional system prediction by relying on historical data as the baseline model and adapting the signal to noise ratio (SNR) as well as zero proportional concepts in strengthening its robustness. Orthogonal array (OA) in T-Method is a variable selection optimization technique in improving the prediction accuracy as well as help in eliminating variables that may deteriorate the overall performance. However, the limitation of OA in dealing with higher multidimensionality restraint the optimization accuracy. Binary particle swarm optimization used in this study helps to cater to the limitation of OA as well as optimizing the variable selection process to better prediction accuracy. The results show that if the historical data consist of samples with higher correlation of determination (R2) value for the model creation, the optimization process in reducing the number of variables would be much reliable and accurate. Comparing between T-Method+OA and T-Method+BPSO in four different case study, it shows that T-Method+BPSO performing better with greater R2 and means relative error (MRE) value compared to T-Method+OA.