Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Al Límit de l'extinció: Margaritifera auricularia (Bivalvia: Unionoida)

At extinction’s edge: Margaritifera auricularia (Bivalvia: Unionoida) One of the most endangered naiads (unionoid bivalves) in the world is Margaritifera (Pseudunio) auricularia (Spengler, 1793), originally distributed in large rivers of Western Europe and the Maghrib, but now confined to the lower reaches of the Ebro. An intesive sampling along 47 km, triggered by public works aimed at recovering riverine navigation, has allowed an evaluation of the status of this population. Individuals between less than 2 and more than 15 cm long have been located, the latter having an age around 100 years. Their total number is estimated at 27,000 ± 4,000. The spatial distribution is very irregular, with over one half of them confined to just 2 % of the river bottom, and a third of the study area virtually unoccupied due to pollution. It is possible to save this population with an effective protection embracing the river itself. Without this species, the riverine ecosystem would lack an emblematic species, and would remain impoverished in terms of biodiversity, structural complexity, and interaction richness.
ESH / ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension

Authors/Task Force Members: Giuseppe Mancia (Chairperson) (Italy)*, Robert Fagard (Chairperson) (Belgium)*, Krzysztof Narkiewicz (Section co-ordinator) (Poland), Josep Redon (Section co-ordinator) (Spain), Alberto Zanchetti (Section co-ordinator) (Italy), Michael Böhm (Germany), Thierry Christiaens (Belgium), Renata Cifkova (Czech Republic), Guy De Backer (Belgium), Anna Dominiczak (UK), Maurizio Galderisi (Italy), Diederick E. Grobbee (Netherlands), Tiny Jaarsma (Sweden), Paulus Kirchhof (Germany/UK), Sverre E. Kjeldsen (Norway), Stéphane Laurent (France), Athanasios J. Manolis (Greece), Peter M. Nilsson (Sweden), Luis Miguel Ruilope (Spain), Roland E. Schmieder (Germany), Per Anton Sirnes (Norway), Peter Sleight (UK), Margus Viigimaa (Estonia), Bernard Waeber (Switzerland), Faiez Zannad (France)
Report on the introduction of trochus (Trochus niloticus) juveniles to Lifou (Loyalty Islands)

Creation of a stock of trochus (Trochus niloticus) on the reefs of Lifou, where the species does not currently occur, was attempted by means of seeding with pond-bred trochus spat. A total of 5,709 juveniles, measuring 19 mm and 14 months old on average at the time of the introduction, were released in 20 different sites so as to create a breeding stock. Five years later, exploration of the reefs at low tide, both through dives and on foot, and enquiries with local residents resulted in the recapture of only a single specimen.
Morpho-anatomy of Tylenchorhynchus leviterminalis from the People's Republic of China.

Tylenchorhynchus crassicaudatus leviterminalis Siddiqi, Mukherjee et Dasgupta, was described in 1981 from a West Bengal (India) population and differentiated from the closely related subspecies T. crassicaudatus crassicaudatus Williams, 1960 in having a «low, smooth and continuous lip region, smaller and posteriorly sloping spear knobs and terminal tail annulus larger in size». Siddiqi (1986) recognized T. leviterminalis at the specific level. In November 1984 a bisexual species of Tylenchorhynchus was extracted from soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of strawberry (Fraga ria sp.) in Nanjing, China. Morphological studies on females and males made by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on this population, confirmed that the species was conspecific with T. leviterminalis. This note extends the variability of the principal descriptive characters and emphasizes the most important external features.
An updating meta‐analysis of the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer: A HuGE Review

It has been postulated that individuals with GSTM1, GSTT1 deficiency and, GSTP1 (105Ile/Val transition) have increased susceptibility to carcinogens and are more likely to develop prostate cancer. In recent years, GST status has been extensively studied as a prostate cancer risk factor; however, the results are inconsistent. To re‐examine this controversy, we have undertaken an updating meta‐analysis of 29 studies with GSTM1 genotyping (4,564 prostate cancer cases and 5,464 controls), 22 studies with GSTT1 genotyping (3,837 cases and 4,552 controls), and 24 studies with GSTP1 genotyping (5,301 cases and 5,621 controls). The random effects odds ratio was 1.33 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.15, 1.55; I2 = 68.9%, P for heterogeneity = 0.00] for the GSTM1 null versus present genotype and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.27; I2 = 68.2%, P for heterogeneity = 0.00) for the GSTT1 null versus present genotype, and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.24; I2 = 71.5%, P for heterogeneity = 0.00) for the GSTP1‐Val versus GSTP1‐Ile allele. For GSTM1 polymorphism, similar results reached in Caucasians and Asians, with exception for Africans. No association between GSTT1 or GSTP1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk was detected in different racial. In conclusion, the major finding of our study suggested that GSTM1 polymorphism conferred an increasing risk of prostate cancer on a wide population basis, however, no relationship was found between GSTT1 and GSTP1 status and the risk of prostate cancer. Prostate 69:662–688, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mobility particle size spectrometers: harmonization of technical standards and data structure to facilitate high quality long-term observations of atmospheric particle number size distributions

Abstract. Mobility particle size spectrometers often referred to as DMPS (Differential Mobility Particle Sizers) or SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers) have found a wide range of applications in atmospheric aerosol research. However, comparability of measurements conducted world-wide is hampered by lack of generally accepted technical standards and guidelines with respect to the instrumental set-up, measurement mode, data evaluation as well as quality control. Technical standards were developed for a minimum requirement of mobility size spectrometry to perform long-term atmospheric aerosol measurements. Technical recommendations include continuous monitoring of flow rates, temperature, pressure, and relative humidity for the sheath and sample air in the differential mobility analyzer. We compared commercial and custom-made inversion routines to calculate the particle number size distributions from the measured electrical mobility distribution. All inversion routines are comparable within few per cent uncertainty for a given set of raw data. Furthermore, this work summarizes the results from several instrument intercomparison workshops conducted within the European infrastructure project EUSAAR (European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research) and ACTRIS (Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network) to determine present uncertainties especially of custom-built mobility particle size spectrometers. Under controlled laboratory conditions, the particle number size distributions from 20 to 200 nm determined by mobility particle size spectrometers of different design are within an uncertainty range of around ±10% after correcting internal particle losses, while below and above this size range the discrepancies increased. For particles larger than 200 nm, the uncertainty range increased to 30%, which could not be explained. The network reference mobility spectrometers with identical design agreed within ±4% in the peak particle number concentration when all settings were done carefully. The consistency of these reference instruments to the total particle number concentration was demonstrated to be less than 5%. Additionally, a new data structure for particle number size distributions was introduced to store and disseminate the data at EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Program). This structure contains three levels: raw data, processed data, and final particle size distributions. Importantly, we recommend reporting raw measurements including all relevant instrument parameters as well as a complete documentation on all data transformation and correction steps. These technical and data structure standards aim to enhance the quality of long-term size distribution measurements, their comparability between different networks and sites, and their transparency and traceability back to raw data.
Aerosol chemical composition at Cabauw, the Netherlands as observed in two intensive periods in May 2008 and March 2009

Observations of aerosol chemical composition in Cabauw, the Netherlands, are presented for two intensive measurement periods in May 2008 and March 2009. Sub-micron aerosol chemical composition was measured by an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and is compared to observations from aerosol size distribution measurements as well as composition measurements with a Monitor for AeRosol and GAses (MARGA) based instrument and a Thermal-desorption Proton-transfer-reaction Mass-spectrometer (TD-PTR-MS). An overview of the data is presented and the data quality is discussed. In May 2008 enhanced pollution was observed with organics contributing 40% to the PM1 mass. In contrast the observed average mass loading was lower in March 2009 and a dominance of ammonium nitrate (42%) was observed. The semi-volatile nature of ammonium nitrate is evidenced in the diurnal cycles with maximum concentrations observed in the morning hours in May 2008 and little diurnal variation observed in March 2009. Size dependent composition data from AMS measurements are presented and show a dominance of organics in the size range below 200 nm. © 2011 Author(s).
The CRISTA‐2 mission

[1] The second mission of the CRyogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment took place in August 1997. The experiment was flown aboard the ASTROnomical Shuttle PAllet Satellite (ASTRO-SPAS) free-flying platform launched by the NASA space shuttle. CRISTA analyzes the infrared radiation emitted by trace gases from the Earth limb in the altitude regime from the upper troposphere to the lower thermosphere. The main aim of CRISTA is to detect small-scale dynamically induced structures in the distribution of trace constituents in the middle atmosphere. The instrument is therefore equipped with three telescopes that simultaneously collect the infrared radiation from three different air volumes. The high spatial density of the measurement grid obtained during the first CRISTA mission in November 1994, as well as the latitudinal coverage, was considerably improved by making use of newly developed satellite pointing and maneuvering capabilities. The altitude coverage was extended to include the upper troposphere where water vapor distributions are analyzed. Dynamically induced features are observed in practically all trace gases and at various spatial scales. The smallest scales that could be analyzed on the basis of the CRISTA data set are well below 100 km. Compared to the first mission, much more emphasis was laid on measurements in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere—this was possible because of higher radiometric sensitivities in some channels. Atomic oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ozone densities are derived in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The mission conditions allowed the study of polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) over the Antarctic and of polar mesospheric clouds (PMC) at high northern latitudes. For the first time, summer high latitude mesopause temperatures were retrieved from CO2 15-μm spectra using a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium model. The derived temperatures compare well with a temperature climatology based on rocket soundings.
The Price is Right: Updating of Inflation Expectations in a Randomized Price Information Experiment

Understanding the formation of consumer inflation expectations is considered crucial for managing monetary policy. This paper investigates how consumers form and update their inflation expectations using a unique ? information? experiment embedded in a survey. We first elicit respondents? expectations for future inflation either in their own consumption basket or for the economy overall. We then randomly provide a subset of respondents with inflation-relevant information: either past-year food price inflation, or a median professional forecast of next-year overall inflation. Finally, inflation expectations are re-elicited from all respondents. This design creates unique panel data that allow us to identify the effects of new information on respondents? inflation expectations. We find that respondents revise their inflation expectations in response to information, and do so meaningfully: revisions are proportional to the strength of the information signal, and inversely proportional to the precision of prior inflation expectations. We also find systematic differences in updating across demographic groups and by question wording, underscoring how different types of information may be more or less relevant for different groups, and how the observed impact of information may depend on methods used to elicit inflation expectations.
Epigenetic regulator UHRF1 orchestrates proinflammatory gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis in a suppressive manner

and between treatment responders and nonresponders RA disease–discordant monozygotic twins also have differential variability in DNA methylation patterns (17, 18). Together, the results from these cohort studies suggest an important role for epigenetic alterations that can affect RA heterogeneity and disease pathology and suggest that epigenetic regulation could be one of the therapeutic strategies and/or a source of biomarkers for patients with RA (19). However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the establish-ment of specific DNA methylation signatures in heterogeneous Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic synovial inflammation with aberrant epigenetic alterations, eventually leading to joint destruction. However, the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms underlying RA pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1) is a central epigenetic regulator that orchestrates multiple pathogeneses in RA in a suppressive manner. UHRF1 expression was remarkably upregulated in synovial fibroblasts (SFs) from arthritis model mice and patients with RA. Mice with SF-specific Uhrf1 conditional knockout showed more severe arthritic phenotypes than littermate controls. Uhrf1 -deficient SFs also exhibited enhanced apoptosis resistance and upregulated expression of several cytokines, including Ccl20 . In patients with RA, DAS28, CRP, and Th17 accumulation and apoptosis resistance were negatively correlated with UHRF1 expression in synovium. Finally, Ryuvidine administration stabilized UHRF1 ameliorated arthritis pathogeneses in a mouse model of RA. This study demonstrated that UHRF1 expressed in RA SFs can contribute to negative feedback mechanisms that suppress multiple pathogenic events in arthritis, suggesting that targeting UHRF1 could be one of the therapeutic strategies for RA. immunized chicken type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant containing 0.5 mg/ mL Mycobacterium tuberculosis by intradermal injection at the base of the tail, followed by a booster injection of collagen in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant 21 days after the first injection. A single 0.8 μ g/g dose of Ryuvidine in DMSO and corn oil (16 μ L/g body weight) was i.p. on days 1, 2, 4, and 5 for STA and every 3 days after the second immunization for collagen-induced arthritis. monitored by hind (ratio severe sum CAIA For histological analysis,
an evaluation of community-acquired urinary tract infection and appropriateness of treatment in an emergency department in saudi arabia

to assess the prevalence and antibiotic-treatment patterns of community acquired prevalence and types of antibiotic-prescribing errors, and the cost of inappropriate antibiotic use. Methods: This a retrospective cross-sectional Arabia. Results: During the study period, 1,449 patients were diagnosed with UTIs, including pediatric (18.6%), adult (59.2%), and elderly (22.2%) patients. The overall prevalence of UTIs was 9.9% of total visits. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were prescribed for 85% of patients. Three main antibiotics were prescribed: cephalosporin (39%), penicillin (26%), and fluoroquinolone (22%). The overall prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic prescription with at least one type of error was 46.2% (pediatrics 51%, adults 46%, elderly 47%). Errors were dose (37%), duration (11%), frequency (6%), and antibiotic selection (2.4%). Dose error was significantly greater in pediatric patients ( P = 0.001). Duration error was higher among adults and the elderly ( P = 0.014). Significantly more inappropriate cephalosporin prescriptions were seen in adults ( P = 0.001), while penicillin had significantly higher errors in pediatric patients. Positive urine culture was seen in 34.9% of patients, and the most common microorganism was Escherichia coli (51%). The mean cost of care for one episode of UTI was US$134.56 ± $31.34 (95% CI $132.94–$136.17). Treatment of UTI was more costly in women (63.9% of total cost), adults (59.2%), and those using broad-spectrum antibiotics (86.5%). There were statistically significant associations among sex, age, spectrum of antibiotic, category of antibiotic, and inappropriate cost. Conclusion: The results revealed a significant level of inappropriate use of antibiotics in the treatment of UTIs in the emergency department.
Radiogenic and stable isotope evidence for age and origin of authigenic illites in the Rotliegend, southern North Sea

Abstract Aeolian sandstones of the Lower Permian Leman Formation (Rotliegend Group) provide the best gas reservoir in the southern North Sea, but permeability is greatly reduced by the presence of authigenic fibrous illites. New radiogenic (K/Ar) and stable (oxygen and hydrogen) isotope data are presented for fibrous illite cements (<0.1 µm), so that the absolute timing and controlling diagenetic factors for their formation can be more fully evaluated. Thus, the expected quality of gas reservoirs in the southern North Sea might be better predicted. Samples have been analysed from five wells in areas with contrasting structural evolution: the Sole Pit Basin, and the Indefatigable Shelf. The K/Ar ages of between 160 and 190 Ma have been obtained from the Indefatigable Shelf illites, and between 120 and 160 Ma for those from the Sole Pit Basin, reflecting different times of basin inversion. These K/Ar ages are interpreted by reference to burial/thermal models for each well. The temperature of illite precipitation falls between 88 and 140°C. Calculated pore-fluid compositions derived from oxygen and hydrogen isotopic analyses give values of ∼ + 1 to +9‰ (SMOW) δ18O and +1 to −50‰ (SMOW) δD. The illite δD values have probably been affected by isotopic exchange and fractionation with the surrounding gaseous hydrocarbon. The δ18O values reflect the degree to which evaporative concentration had affected Zechstein marine waters which subsequently invaded the Leman Sandstone. Comparisons between δ18O and δD values in clays and in formation water for the Leman Field suggest that oxygen isotope exchange might have taken place, and that the initial K+ and radiogenic 40Ar contents within illites may have been modified.
Drained and Undrained Strength Interpretation for Low-Plasticity Silts

The engineering behavior of low-plasticity silts is more difficult to characterize than is the behavior of clay or sand. Due to their tendency to dilate during shear, establishing a consistent and practically useful failure criterion for low-plasticity silts can be very difficult. Consideration of how the undrained shear strength of silt is related to changes in pore pressure provides a more useful and practical framework for understanding the undrained strengths of these materials and for characterizing undrained strengths for practical purposes. Using a value of Skempton’s A¯ as a failure criterion has been found to result in very reasonable values of undrained strength and to reduce scatter in the results as compared to using other criteria. Using a failure criterion based on an appropriate value of A¯ results in consistent values of Su ∕p , and tolerably small values of strain at failure. For low-plasticity, dilative silts that pose the greatest problems with respect to definition of “failure,” using .
The Use of Social Networking to Improve the Quality of Interprofessional Education

Objective. To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of using an online social networking platform for interprofessional education. Design. Three groups of 6 students were formed with 1 student in each group from medicine, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, veterinary medicine, and public health. Each group followed a different collaborative educational model with a unique pedagogical structure. Students in all groups interacted via an online social networking platform for a minimum of 15 weeks and met in person once at the end of the 15-week experience for a focus group session. The students were tasked with developing a collaborative recommendation for using social networking in interprofessional education programs. Assessment. Most of the students who reported in a post-experience survey that their expectations were not met were in the minimally structured group. Almost all students in the facilitated and highly structured groups indicated that this experience positively impacted their knowledge of other health professions. Most students stated that interacting within a social networking space for 15 weeks with other members of the university’s health professions programs was a positive and effective interprofessional education experience. Conclusion. Social networking is feasible and can be used effectively within an overall strategy for interprofessional education, but design and placement within a core content course is critical to success.
Identification of precipitation zones within São Francisco River basin (Brazil) by global wavelet power spectra

Abstract The definition of rainfall behaviour at the regional level is of great importance in planning policy for the rational use of water resources for both agricultural and urban uses. It allows the delimitation of areas of homogeneous rainfall features and shows the system dynamics in the area, so providing more comprehensive knowledge about the rainfall. Precipitation zones were identified within the São Francisco River basin, Northeast Brazil, by analysing the rainfall frequencies by means of global wavelet power spectra. Data from 200 raingauges were analysed and the results of the overall power spectra showed a high annual frequency throughout the basin; however, other frequencies are present with minor significance that represent changes in the rainfall regime. Although, the computed global wavelet power spectra presented an annual frequency, they showed peculiar patterns (denoted A and B) that could be used to characterize the region. Thus, three sub-regions with homogeneous rainfall patterns were identified as: Region A (south part of the basin) and Region B (north part of the basin), with frequency patterns A and B, respectively, and a Transition Zone in the central part that shows both frequency patterns. Citation Santos, C.A. G. and Morais, B.S., 2013. Identification of precipitation zones within São Francisco River basin (Brazil) by global wavelet power spectra. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (4), 789–796.
Pressure induced ferroelastic phase transition in LuLiF4 compound

The behavior of LuLiF4 sheelite (I41/a, Z = 4) under hydrostatic pressure was investigated by means of the first principles calculations. The ferroelastic phase transition from the tetragonal structure of LuLiF4 to fergusonite structure (C12/c1, Z = 4) has been found at 10.5 GPa. It has been determined that this is the second order phase transition.