Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing the future: An initial test of Future Specificity Training (FeST).

A range of psychiatric disorders are characterised by impairments in episodic future thinking (EFT), and particularly simulating specific, spatiotemporally-located future events. No study has examined whether training can lead to sustained improvement in specific EFT. In this study, participants (N = 60; M age = 31, SD = 13.2) were randomized to a two-session, group-based future thinking program (Future Specificity Training; FeST) or wait-list. At follow-up the training group, relative to wait-list, showed large, statistically-significant improvements in the ability to mentally simulate specific EFT (d = .82), increases in detail (d = 1.32), use of mental imagery (d = 1.32), anticipated (d = 1.78) and anticipatory pleasure (d = 1.07), perceived control (d = 1.20), and likelihood of occurrence (d = 1.09). Some effects were also observed on positive, generalised future self-states. In the context of inherent limitations of subjective reporting in trials, this study provides evidence that EFT specificity can be enhanced, and the effects of FeST indicate a possible avenue to disrupt psychopathological processes.
Influence of transgenic T4-lysozyme-producing potato plants on potentially beneficial plant-associated bacteria

A field release of genetically engineered potato plants that produce bacteriophage T4-lysozyme for enhanced bacterial resistance was monitored for changes in plant-associated bacterial populations, in the functions of potentially beneficial bacteria and in the diversity of antagonistic bacterial species. These parameters have been analyzed for two T4-lysozyme-expressing lines, a transgenic control and a non-transgenic line, over a period of 2 years at different stages of plant development and at two different locations. Two microenvironments, the rhizo- and geocaulosphere, were investigated. No significant differences in aerobic plate counts were observed between the four plant lines. In addition, no significant differences in the functions of potentially beneficial bacteria (percentage of auxin [indole-3-acetic acid=IAA]-producing isolates) and antagonistic bacteria (antagonists to Erwinia carotovora and Verticillium dahliae) were found. The diversity of antagonistic species isolated from each plant line and microenvironment was investigated to determine if the diversity and composition of potentially beneficial bacteria were influenced. Altogether, 28 different potato-associated species with antagonistic effects to phytopathogens were detected. Antagonistic strains of seven species were found only on control plants. The observed effect was minor relative to the natural variability observed during the monitoring period. This is the first study including plant-associated bacteria responsible for plant growth and health and provides an example for performing risk assessment studies for transgenic plants under a variety of environmental conditions.
Human Cytogenetics Database

book remains unchanged from the previous edition, with sections on: DNA as a store of information; Translation: Expressing genes as proteins; Constructing the cell; Control of prokaryotic gene expression; Perpetuation of DNA; Organization of the eukaryotic genome; Eukaryotic transcription and RNA processing; The dynamic genome: DNA in flux; and Genes in development. Post-translational events, the intracellular localisation of proteins, the control of the cell cycle, and RNA processing are now treated in more molecular detail. The development section in fact comprises three rather specific chapters, about 40 pages each, on vertebrate immunobiology, embryonic development of Drosophila, and oncogenes. Few human examples are used, except in two of these last three chapters: the two page discussion of imprinting gives just one mouse example. A consequence of this approach is that other aspects of genetics get little treatment. For example, mitosis is discussed mostly in terms of the cell cycle; meiosis with Mendel's first and second laws figure concisely in the introductory chapters; and recombination, after two paragraphs mentioning its evolutionary significance, is analysed solely in terms of the mechanisms involved. There is brief mention oftopics such as minisatellite repeats and their use in gene mapping and DNA profiling, but it would be hard for the student to appreciate their significance. Genes has gone through five editions in a decade. The weight of the text has increased over the last three editions from 1 3 kg through 1 9 kg to the present 2 8 kg. Part of this growth is accounted for by the increased content, but much of it is because of the use of a larger type face. The book is well produced with many diagrams, now in full colour. Bigger does not necessarily mean better, so just how good is the latest version? The book tells an interesting story over a wide field, and it tells it clearly and generally with commendable accuracy. But it tells it in a "Just So" manner. Unlike the earliest editions, which tried to show what kind of work had led to the conclusions presented, experiments are not consistently integrated into the presentation of the topics. Molecular methods are described, but PCR rates just one page of text and one diagram of the basic procedure; I did not find a description of RT-PCR. The author explicitly states that the control of bacterial gene expression is now treated in terms ofDNA-protein interaction rather than the original genetic characterisation. This makes for a clear presentation, but at a rather different level of understanding. Present day students often seem to find it difficult to think in genetic as well as molecular terms and this text would not help them. The book is excellent in its own terms, but before using it for teaching, it would be important to ensure that the very molecular approach is compatible with course objectives.
The switch complex ArlCDE connects the chemotaxis system and the archaellum

Cells require a sensory system and a motility structure to achieve directed movement. Bacteria and archaea possess rotating filamentous motility structures that work in concert with the sensory chemotaxis system. This allows microorganisms to move along chemical gradients. The central response regulator protein CheY can bind to the motor of the motility structure, the flagellum in bacteria, and the archaellum in archaea. Both motility structures have a fundamentally different protein composition and structural organization. Yet, both systems receive input from the chemotaxis system. So far, it was unknown how the signal is transferred from the archaeal CheY to the archaellum motor to initiate motor switching. We applied a fluorescent microscopy approach in the model euryarchaeon Haloferax volcanii and shed light on the sequence order in which signals are transferred from the chemotaxis system to the archaellum. Our findings indicate that the euryarchaeal‐specific ArlCDE are part of the archaellum motor and that they directly receive input from the chemotaxis system via the adaptor protein CheF. Hence, ArlCDE are an important feature of the archaellum of euryarchaea, are essential for signal transduction during chemotaxis and represent the archaeal switch complex.
Comunidades de machos de Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) em matas semidecíduas do Nordeste do estado de São Paulo

A composicao, abundância e mudancas sazonais da fauna de Euglossini foram determinadas pela atracao de machos por iscas de cineol, eugenol e vanilina. O estudo foi realizado em duas Reservas do Estado de Sao Paulo: Estacao Experimental de Zootecnia (EEZ), municipio de Sertaozinho, e Fazenda Santa Carlota, Seccao Itaoca (SI), municipio de Cajuru. As coletas foram realizadas a cada 15 dias, das 08:00 as 17:00h, durante um ano, em cada localidade. Machos de 10 e 14 especies foram atraidos na EEZ e SI, respectivamente. Todas as especies amostradas na EEZ ocorreram tambem na SI proporcionando um coeficiente de similaridade entre as areas de 0,83. Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier, Euglossa pleosticta Dressler e Euglossa fimbriata Rebelo & Moure foram as especies mais abundantes em ambas as areas, correspondendo a 80.3% da amostra total na SI e 90,6% na EEZ. Em ambas as areas os machos foram mais abundantes no outono (53.8% da amostragem da EEZ e 46.3% da SI) e menos no inverno (0.7% da EEZ e 4.8% da SI). A abundância de machos e o numero de especies amostradas por estacao nao foram significantemente correlacionados. Cineol foi a isca mais atrativa tanto na EEZ (58,7% do total de machos coletados e 9 especies) como na SI (71,5% dos machos e 13 especies) seguido por eugenol e vanilina.
Vegetative propagation ofDalbergia sissooRoxb. using softwood and hardwood stem cuttings

Abstract Mature hardwood and softwood cuttings of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. were tested for their ability to root. Cuttings were prepared in three different seasons, i.e. spring, monsoon and winter, and treated with different concentrations of auxins (IBA and NAA). These were planted in a mist chamber maintained at 30 ± 2°C. Both types of cuttings rooted during spring and monsoon seasons. Auxins triggered/enhanced rooting of cuttings; NAA (100 mg l −1 ) and IBA (100 mg l −1 ) were found to be the most effective. Higher concentrations of auxins, i.e. 500 and 1000 mg l −1 of IBA and NAA, in general inhibited or slowed down the rooting ability of cuttings. Auxin appears to trigger both growth and differentiation of roots since auxin-treated cuttings which rooted had a greater number as well as increased length of roots. The starch content of cuttings decreased while proteins and sugars increased with time.
Understanding heterosexual women’s erotic flexibility: the role of attention in sexual evaluations and neural responses to sexual stimuli

Abstract Many women experience desires, arousal and behavior that run counter to their sexual orientation (orientation inconsistent, ‘OI’). Are such OI sexual experiences cognitively and neurobiologically distinct from those that are consistent with one’s sexual orientation (orientation consistent, ‘OC’)? To address this question, we employed a mindful attention intervention—aimed at reducing judgment and enhancing somatosensory attention—to examine the underlying attentional and neurobiological processes of OC and OI sexual stimuli among predominantly heterosexual women. Women exhibited greater neural activity in response to OC, compared to OI, sexual stimuli in regions associated with implicit visual processing, volitional appraisal and attention. In contrast, women exhibited greater neural activity to OI, relative to OC, sexual stimuli in regions associated with complex visual processing and attentional shifting. Mindfully attending to OC sexual stimuli reduced distraction, amplified women’s evaluations of OC stimuli as sexually arousing and deactivated the superior cerebellum. In contrast, mindfully attending to OI sexual stimuli amplified distraction, decreased women’s evaluations of OI stimuli as sexually arousing and augmented parietal and temporo-occipital activity. Results of the current study constrain hypotheses of female erotic flexibility, suggesting that sexual orientation may be maintained by differences in attentional processing that cannot be voluntarily altered.
Electrical Conductivity Changes in Milk Caused by Acidification: Determining Factors

Abstract Electrical conductivity of milk is mainly due to its soluble salt fraction. Lactose does not conduct current, and fat decreases conductivity. The contribution of proteins and peptides is of minor importance. In addition, pH decrease causes hydrogenation of monohydrogen phosphate ions to dihydrogen phosphate ions, which have lower molar conductivity. Thus, addition of lactic acid to a phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.5) decreases conductivity. However, fermentation of lactose to lactic acid sharply increases conductivity; also, acidification of milk changes equilibria of buffer systems and solubilizes casein-bound calcium and phosphorus salts. This phenomenon increases conductivity sharply, as shown by the acidification of diafiltered milk that is free from soluble salt fractions. The relationships among such equilibria increase the electrical conductivity of milk by acidification, which is why milk is a suitable substrate for the automatic monitoring of lactic acid bacteria growth by conductimetric methods.
Risk factors of unsuccessful vaginal twin delivery

Twin trial of labor presents a challenge to obstetricians, as it is associated with a greater number of adverse birth outcomes compared with singleton deliveries. The risk of poor outcome has shown to be highest with unsuccessful vaginal twin delivery. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical risk factors associated with intrapartum cesarean section in late preterm and term twin births.
The Basic Pollen Wall Types in Araceae

An ultrastructural investigation of 60 species, representing 47 genera, of Araceae showed two basic pollen wall types, each with two subtypes. The two main types are distinguished by presence (type 1) or absence (type 2) of an acetolysis‐resistant ektexine. The subtypes are differentiated by a structured (type 1a) or unstructured (type 1b) ektexine, respectively, and the presence (type 2a) or absence (type 2b) of polysaccharidic wall ornamentations. A characteristic of all types is a spongy endexine, which is electron dense after thiocarbohydrazide–silver proteinate staining and is only partially resistant to acetolysis.
Harvest management of switchgrass for biomass feedstock and forage production.

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a warm-season perennial grass native to North America, has potential as a biomass energy crop. Their objective was to develop harvest management recommendations for biomass feedstock and forage production. Alamo switchgrass was established in 1992 at Stephenville and Dallas, TX. Four harvest frequencies (one to four cuts per year) and three final autumn harvests (Sept., Oct., or Nov.) were imposed from 1993 to 1996. Tiller densities were counted each spring. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP) concentrations were measured in 1993 and 1994. Concentrations of NDF were lowest and of CP were highest in May-harvested biomass. Forage quality of regrowth decreased with age, reaching NDF concentrations of 790 g kg{sup {minus}1} and CP of < 20 g kg{sup {minus}1}. Total seasonal yields decreased as harvest frequency increased; however, a severe drought reversed this trend at Dallas in 1996. The highest yields occurred with a single harvest in mid-September. Delaying the final harvest until November reduced yields. Harvest date and frequency did not affect tiller density, although tiller density decreased from 900 to 650 and 630 to 310 m{sup {minus}2} at Dallas and Stephenville, respectively, during 1994 to 1997. Thus, a single mid-September harvest shouldmore » maximize biomass yields in the south-central USA. A two-cut (spring-autumn) system may allow a farmer to use initial growth as forage and the regrowth for biomass, but total yields would be reduced. More frequent harvests would reduce yields further. « less
Circulatory adaptations of snakes to gravity

Comparative investigations of diverse taxa of snakes demonstrate numerous adaptations for counteracting effects of gravity on the circulation, including morphological, physiological and behavioral specializations. Arboreal and terrestrial snakes that are normally subjected to stresses from gravity are characterized by relatively high arterial pressures and ability to regulate pressure by physiological adjustments of flow and flow resistance. The heart occupies an anterior position, and the arterial blood column between the heart and head is comparatively short. Terrestrial snakes characteristically possess short vascular lungs which eliminate risks of pulmonary edema due to gravity effects during vertical posture. Problems of blood pooling in peripheral systemic vasculature are counteracted by relatively non-compliant body tissue, vasomotor adjustments, and specific movements that facilitate the venous cardiac return. Anatomical valves appear to be absent from major venous channels, but gravity, acting in concert withspecific features of venous morphology, can create valving actions that impede shifts of blood volume to dependent segments of these vessels. Nearly all of these characteristics are absent or deficient in several independent lineages of aquatic snakes that are far less subject to gravitational disturbance of hydrostatic pressures. Thus, snakes provide diverse and particularly useful models for examining cardiovascular adaptations to gravity, including mechanisms of function and the evolution of cardiovascular design.
Comparative voluntary feed intakes, growth performance, carcass composition, and meat quality of Large White, Landrace, and Duroc pigs

Abstract The performances of Large White (27), Landrace (27), and Duroc (27) gilts on an ad libitum feeding regime were compared over the liveweight range 25–85 kg. Landrace gilts had the highest voluntary feed intakes; and the appetite of Durocs exceeded that of Large Whites, but only at ⩾ 65 kg liveweight. The breeds did not differ in growth rate, but Landrace gilts had higher feed conversion ratios and carcasses of lower lean content than the Duroc and Large White gilts which were similar in these traits. Landrace carcasses had a relatively lower proportion of bone and the three breeds had similar carcass lean: bone ratios. Duroc gilts had the highest killing-out percentages and Large Whites the lowest, but the breed differences were not significant. There were only small breed differences in joint proportions of the carcass and no breed effect on the distribution of lean tissue. A proportion of Duroc and Landrace carcasses had pale, soft, exudative musculature but the condition was not found in the La.
PATHOGENIC FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH A BARK BEETLE ON ALPINE FIR

Unexplained mortality associated with attacks of the western balsam bark beetle (Dryocoetes confusus Sw.) in alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. ) was found to be caused by a beetle–fungus complex. Not all trees attacked were killed, but surviving trees were left with lesions which provided potential entrance courts for decay fungi. Four closely related fungi, isolated from necrotic lesions centered at beetle bore holes, were shown by inoculation to be pathogenic. Ceratocystis dryocoetidis Kendrick and Molnar was the most virulent of these fungi on the basis of the size of lesions produced. C. dryocoetidis caused cambial and inner bark necrosis, while the other three fungi produced necrosis and blue staining of the sapwood.
Trends in health risks from water‐related diseases and cyanotoxins in Ugandan portion of Lake Victoria basin

Studies to examine the prevalence of water-related diseases, cyanobacteria toxins and other health risks at landing beaches in the Ugandan portion of the Lake Victoria basin were carried out. Based on surveillance studies and other data sources in the region, water samples were analysed for indications of faecal contamination. The coliform numbers were generally high for most sampling sites, indicating significant water contamination. The wet seasons exhibited significantly higher coliform counts than the dry seasons for all lakeshore sample sites. This seasonal variation in coliform counts correlated positively with the incidence of waterborne diseases, which are typically higher in the wet season. The water supply for domestic consumption for the Lake Victoria riparian communities is mainly the lake itself. The most prevalent diseases associated with the landing sites include malaria, dysentery, diarrhoea and bilharzia. Malaria was most prevalent, followed by dysentery, in all the studied districts. Many people in the catchment dispose of faecal wastes in lakeshore area bushes, or in polythene bags, contaminating water sources with faecal material, and resulting in waterborne diseases. The vulnerability of lakeside communities to water-related diseases is further aggravated by low accessibility to health facilities and personnel. Further, cyanobacteria (potentially toxic to humans and animals) dominate other algal species in Lake Victoria, contributing >50% of the algal biomass. Algal blooms occurred frequently in Murchison Bay, a source of drinking water for the city of Kampala and surrounding urban centres. Algal blooms can cause unpleasant odours and tastes in domestic water supplies, clog pump and machinery filters, increase chlorine demands for water disinfection, and necessitate more complex and expensive treatment processes. The findings of this study suggest improved water quality, changes in sanitation and hygiene behaviour could significantly reduce the prevalence of water-related diseases and cyanotoxins in the Ugandan portion of the Lake Victoria basin.
A radar and aerial‐trapping study of an early spring migration of moths (Lepidoptera) in inland New South Wales

The migrations of a number of species ofnoctuid and pvralid moths were studied with a specialpurpose radar unit and by direct sampling with a kite-borne net at a locality in central-western New South Wales during the early spring of 1980. The observations coincided with the appearance of very large numbers of moths throughout much of south-eastern Australia, and immediately followed a major caterpillar plague in south-western New South Wales. The migrations occurred mainly at night, and were most intense during periods of warm weather. Several different directions of migration were observed, but the movements were always approximately downwind; distances of a few hundred kilometres were typically covered during a single night. A number of quantitative measures of the migration intensity have been estimated for some of the flights. The migrating population frequently exhibited a degree of mutual alignment, which was sometimes in a direction different from that of the migration. Migrants became concentrated into layers at high altitudes (up to 1900 m) on two occasions during the night. Similar high-altitude migrations were also detected during daylight. It is inferred that an early spring re-invasion of drought-affected inland areas, and of areas on the continental periphery which have a cool winter climate, by means of long-distance migrations from inland areas where autumn and winter conditions have been favourable for larval development, is an almost regular feature of the population dynamics of several moth species that are of economic importance in south-eas-tern Australia. These migrations are interpreted as an adaptation to the geographie and climatic factors that control larval development and moth flight in this region, and especially to the erratic rainfall regime of the inland source areas.
Effects of exogenous growth regulator applications on source-leaf carbohydrate accumulation patterns in ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

This study focused on the effect of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3), auxin (2, 4-D), and synthetic urea-based cytokinin (CPPU) and their application time on non-structural carbohydrate partitioning in the leaves and the interaction with fruit development in ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Yoshida), a low yielding citrus cultivar. Hormones were applied at: 200 ppm GA3, 10 ppm 2, 4-D, and 20 ppm CPPU, either singly or in combination at anthesis and/or 30 days later. GA3 applied 30 days after anthesis increased the proportion of sucrose to glucose and fructose in the sap and reduced starch content. The increase in sucrose appeared 60 days after anthesis but starch decrease occurred 120 days after anthesis. Double application did not exert any significant effects. 2, 4-D treatments reduced fruit set slighthy, but did not affect sugar accumulation patterns. A single application of CPPU or in combination with other growth regulators at anthesis increased total sugar content, reduced fruit set, caused severe leaf chlorosis, and leaf drop.