Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Sex Determination of Sub-adult Individuals from the Great Moravian Settlement in Mikulčice (9th Century AD)

determination, the main goal of this study. DNA sequence length differences in the amelogenin gene locus were chosen for their importance in sexing. A PCR system that focuses on the Y chromosome was applied to confirm the amelogenin sexing results of female individuals. We have shown that a second system for sex determination is essential, because allelic drop-out is very frequent among samples of aDNA amplicons. The reliability of the genetic analysis was verified on a set of 5 adult individuals with morphologically determined sex. The genetic analysis was successful in 37 out of 47 sub-adult individuals (78.7 %). The data obtained showed a higher presence of male individuals – 24 males to 13 females. The number of sub-adult individuals studied was too low to statistically confirm the significance of the higher number of male individuals. As a second step in our research, we took information from genetic analysis as a standard, and applied specific morphological methods to estimate its validity. We checked sex by means of two qualitative methods based on the morphological traits of the hip bone and mandible. We determined the sex of 23 out of 37 genetically determined skeletons (62.2 %). Likewise, the genetic analysis results showed a uniquely higher presence of male sub-adult skeletons – 19 males to 4 females. The concordance between the genetic and morphological sex determination was remarkably high at 87 %. In view of the low sexual morphological dimorphism of immature skeletons, we consider the 87 % value of concordance to be a speculative result. Nevertheless, selected morphological methods have proved to be very useful when applied to individuals from the 9th and 10th centuries. Records of grave goods were also included in the final sex evaluation, and this multidisciplinary approach has yielded interesting results. The higher male to female ratio will be further studied.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between Workers in Spain and the U.S.: Locus of Control, Equity, and Gratitude

Gratitude and equity in the workplace can be a defining factor in how employees perform, as well as how they perceive their job in general. In addition, an individual’s locus of control may also influence these variables and as a result, impact the well-being of the organization as a whole. However, the question remains as to how locus of control is related to equity and gratitude. In response, this study examined the potential relationship between employees’ self-reported gratitude, selfreported equity and an individual’s locus of control. Participants were recruited utilizing a snowball convenience sampling method and were restricted to participants who were currently employed and at least 18 years old. Participants were instructed to complete a section of demographic questions followed by instruments to measure levels of locus of control, equity/fairness and gratitude. The primary goal was to identify if an internal locus of control is positively correlated with self-reported equity and self-reported gratitude, as hypothesized. Conversely, it was assumed that an external locus of control would then be negatively correlated with self-reported equity and self-reported gratitude. This was supplemented with the dual objective of comparing these constructs in workers in the United States and workers in Spain. Results indicated a slight significance in a couple of tests measuring self-reported equity/fairness, however results remain inconclusive due to limiting factors. In addition, although a majority of the statistical tests did not show significant differences between workers in the United States and Spain, the lack of difference may be important for companies who operate internationally.
Impact of ISLE-based labs in courses with traditional lecture

ISLE -based labs have been demonstrated to be an effective alternative to traditional lab activities, helping students develop scientific abilities when used in an ideal environment where lectures and recitations also reflect ISLE philosophy. In this study we used ISLE-based labs in a second-year physics course for engineering students in which the lectures and recitations remained traditional. We investigated the effect that ISLE-based labs had on student development under these conditions. We found that while students did not show as much growth as they had in previous studies under more ideal conditions, the students did show improvements in their scientific abilities over the course of one semester of instruction. We also investigated how the accuracy of feedback given to the students by the TAs related to student learning.
Revisiting Economic Assimilation of Mexican and Central American Immigrants in the United States

Using data from the United States spanning the period between 1970 and 2017, we analyze the economic assimilation of subsequent arrival cohorts of Mexican and Central American immigrants, the more economically disadvantaged group of immigrants. We compare their wage and employment probability to that of similarly aged and educated natives across various cohorts of entry. We find that all cohorts started with a disadvantage of 40-45 percent relative to the average US native, and eliminated about half of it in the 20 years after entry. They also started with no employment probability disadvantage at arrival and they overtook natives in employment rates so that they were 5-10 percent more likely to be employed 20 years after arrival. We also find that recent cohorts, arriving after 1995, did better than earlier cohorts both in initial gap and convergence. We show that Mexicans and Central Americans working in the construction sector and in urban areas did better in terms of gap and convergence than others. Finally, also for other immigrant groups, such as Chinese and Indians, recent cohorts did better than previous ones.
Foliar application of fungicides for the management of brown spot disease in rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by Bipolaris oryzae

1 Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu,Chatha-180 009, Jammu, India. 2 Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha-180 009, Jammu, India. 3 Department of Agriculture, Kathua -184101, India. 4 IARI Regional Station, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar848125, India.
Theory of fractals

This is a course of the fractals’ theory from dynamical point of view. I start from material from books of Mattila [24] and of Falconer [7, 8, 9] and then go in direction of Przytycki and Urbański’s book [33]. Those books contain much greater material and are much better written than this text, however I managed to include some results that were only done after those books were written. In particular, the multifractal formalism (maybe the fastest developing part of this theory in the last ten years) was only minimally mentioned in the last Falconer’s book (but there is a some starting reference in the book by Pesin [30] and in [33]).
Helminth infections of great concern among cattle in Nigeria: Insight to its prevalence, species diversity, patterns of infections and risk factors

Background and Aim: Helminth infections are one of the greatest causes of productive and reproductive loss in animals and man, and in some cases, it results in heavy mortalities. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, species diversity, patterns of infections and risk factors associated with helminth infections of cattle in Ilorin, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 478 fecal samples were collected from abattoirs and cattle farms over a year period (March, 2018-February, 2019). Fecal samples were visually examined then observed using simple flotation and formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation techniques. Eggs and worms were identified according to standard procedures. The packed cell volume was determined using the hematocrit centrifugation technique. Results: A total of 79.92% of the cattle examined were found positive with one or more helminth species. Eighteen helminth species (cutting across all classes of helminths) were detected, with Haemonchus contortus (60.46%), Trichostrongylus spp. (46.44%), Ostertagia ostertagi (42.05%), Bunostomum phlebotomum (28.87%), Cooperia spp. (24.27%), Oesophagostomum radiatum (21.97%), Strongyloides papillosus (12.13%), and Fasciola gigantica (10.67%) been the most prevalent. Helminth infection was detected all through the year with the least prevalence recorded in February (55.00%). About 61% of the examined cattle harbored double/multiple helminth species. There was a significant difference between breed, sex, physiological status, and season with the prevalence rate of helminth infections (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our investigation demonstrated high prevalence and wide diversity of helminth species, which suggests that helminth infections are of great concern among cattle in Ilorin and Nigeria in general. There is a need for a radical veterinary intervention to curb the menace so as to have an economically robust cattle industry in Nigeria.
Who is to blame? Public responsibility attributions for austerity measures under EU conditionality

During the Euro crisis, extensive austerity measures were introduced in those countries that were hit hardest by the crisis and either received financial assistance from the European Union (EU), such as Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Cyprus; or were in danger of entering a lending agreement, such as Italy. Despite the unprecedented influence of the EU on domestic policy in the crisis countries, we know little about how the public has reflected upon policy making in the Euro crisis and how it attributed responsibility for austerity measures introduced to conform with EU conditionality. This paper develops from the literatures on economic voting, responsibility attributions and the Euro crisis three, partially competing hypothesis on how the public assigns responsibility for austerity reforms in crisis contexts. Focusing on the contextual factors that impact decisions on responsibility attributions, first, I analyse the decision-making authority – responsibility link established by the literature on responsibility attributions. Subsequently, I develop two alternative and complementary conjectures that take into account the broader policy-making process in situations of complex decision making, highlighting, respectively, the role of proposing actors and the relative influence of negotiation partners on policy negotiations in highly salient policy making contexts.
Congenital coronary fistulas in children and adults: diagnosis, surgical technique and results.

UNLABELLED To evaluate the results of mechanical prosthetic valve replacement for active endocarditis 71 patients were reviewed. They were treated surgically between 1988 and 1993 in our institution. Mechanical valves were used in 54 patients (group 1) and bioprosthetic valves were used in 17 patients (group 2). In terms of demographic, clinical and surgical variables prior to operation groups were statistically the same. Follow up ranged from 2-63 months averaged 21 months. This study was carried out to: asses cardiac status postoperatively and assess the rate of mortality, recurrency and reoperations. METHODS Evaluation of cardiac status was assessed on the basis of symptoms and findings by examination, ECG, X-ray, echocardiography, and laboratory tests. Data analysis was done by means of statistical tests like: Student's "t"-test, Fisher exact test, one sided test of difference between two percentages, Kaplan Meyer survival analysis and Cox test. RESULTS 4-year mortality was 20% in group 1 comparing to 28,6% in group 2, when early mortality were 13% in group 1 comparing to 17% in group 2. These differences were not significant. The recurrency rate was 8,5% in group 1 comparing to 28,6% in group 2 which was statistically significant (p=0.028). Especially early recurrency rates differed significantly between groups and were 4,2% in group 1 comparing to 21% in group 2 (p=0.022). The reoperations rate was 4,2% in group 1 comparing to 21% in group 2 which was statistically significant (p=0.022). Clinical status showed satisfactory values and significant improvement in both groups, slightly better after mechanical valve replacement. CONCLUSION It is concluded that mechanical valve is recommended for valve replacement in active valvular endocarditis first of all due to low recurrency and reoperation rate.
Does the dubbing effect apply to voice-over ? A conceptual replication study on visual attention and immersion

In an eye-tracking study, Romero-Fresco (2016) discovered that when watching a dubbed film, Spanish viewers hardly looked at characters’ mouths and focussed instead on their eyes – a phenomenon he termed ‘the dubbing effect’. Our study is a conceptual replication of Romero-Fresco’s study, aimed at answering the question of whether a similar effect also takes place in voice-over: do viewers avoid looking at characters’ mouths to stay immersed in the film story? With this question in mind, we tested 35 Polish native speakers watching a 6-minute voiced-over excerpt from Casablanca while their eyes were monitored with an eye tracker. We also measured viewers’ immersion levels as well as their enjoyment and comprehension. In this paper, we present two experiments. In Experiment 1, by analysing viewers’ gaze behaviour and immersion levels, we found that Polish viewers did not avoid looking at characters’ mouths. In Experiment 2, we compared our results with those obtained in the original study with Spanish and English viewers. We found that visual attention distribution in Polish voice-over resembled the one observed in English viewers, who watched the film with the original soundtrack. Both Polish and English viewers spent more time looking at characters’ eyes in scenes with no dialogue compared to scenes with dialogue, as opposed to the Spanish people for whom the tendency was reversed.
Art museum visitor segments: evidence from Italy on omnivores and highbrow univores

This study segments the various types of art museum visitor using two-step cluster analysis. It goes beyond a simple demographic categorization of visitors and investigates why people visit museums, in particular what experiences they seek in museums based on their preferences and participation in various leisure activities. The sample was selected from among visitors to two art museums in Genoa, Italy. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 400 visitors. The resulting 394 useable questionnaires yielded two clusters – Cultural Omnivores and Art Museum Univores – providing evidence for the omnivore/highbrow univore thesis described in the literature. The data suggest that the experiences visitors look for in museums, their preferences regarding various leisure activities, and their attendance at both highbrow and popular cultural events provide an effective means of segmenting art museum visitors. The theoretical contributions and managerial implications
GABA deficiency in NF1

Objective: To provide a comprehensive investigation of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) that allows understanding the nature of the GABA imbalance in humans at pre- and postsynaptic levels. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we employed multimodal imaging and spectroscopy measures to investigate GABA type A (GABAA) receptor binding, using [11C]-flumazenil PET, and GABA concentration, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Fourteen adult patients with NF1 and 13 matched controls were included in the study. MRS was performed in the occipital cortex and in a frontal region centered in the functionally localized frontal eye fields. PET and MRS acquisitions were performed in the same day. Results: Patients with NF1 have reduced concentration of GABA+ in the occipital cortex (p = 0.004) and frontal eye fields (p = 0.026). PET results showed decreased binding of GABAA receptors in patients in the parieto-occipital cortex, midbrain, and thalamus, which are not explained by decreased gray matter levels. Conclusions: Abnormalities in the GABA system in NF1 involve both GABA concentration and GABAA receptor density suggestive of neurodevelopmental synaptopathy with both pre- and postsynaptic involvement.
Molecular detection of arboviruses in Aedes mosquitoes collected from Kyela district, Tanzania

Arboviruses belong to a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, mainly mosquitoes and ticks causing clinical disease symptoms in humans and animals ranging from febrile illnesses to hemorrhagic fevers. The present study aimed at examining the circulation of Chikungunya, Dengue, Yellow fever and Rift valley fever viral genomes in Aedes mosquitoes from Kyela district in Tanzania. A systematic vector surveillance spanning two months and covering 5 sites in Kyela district was carried out in order to evaluate the potential role of Aedes spp in arbovirus transmission in the study area. Mosquitoes were collected, identified to species level by using morphological keys, pooled in respect species and collection sites and screened for arboviruses by RT-PCR. Adult mosquitoes were collected from April to May, 2015 using CO 2 -baited CDC light traps, magnet traps as well as human landing collection (HLC). The study sites included Kyela town, Kajunjumele, Ipida, Matema and Njisi villages. A total of 480 bloodfeed Aedes ssp were collected, identified and grouped in to 24 pools (1-20 mosquitoes per pool) according to species level and location. Out of the 480 Aedes spp collected, Aedes aegypti represented the most abundant species totaling 338 (70.4%), followed by Aedes africanus 102 (21.2%) and Aedes natalensis being the minority 40 (8.3%). Arboviruses were detected in 9 pools (37.5%) including Alphaviruses (8 pools) and Flaviviruses (1 pool). No sample was positive for Bunyaviruses. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was detected in 6 (75%) alphavirus positive pools that were collected mostly in the areas where rice cultivation was common. The findings of this study suggest that people from this region are highly likely to be exposed to arbovirus infections which may represent significant public health concerns.
Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Aggregate Growth Prospects

Artificial Intelligence Technologies are already in large scale use in two kinds of applications. We examine those applications, consumer/product matching engines and user interfaces, as well as the early diffusion of AITs and some categories where laboratory AIT and application are closely linked. In the leading applications, AITs are core production technologies with hundreds of billions of dollars in revenue. These production applications of AITs involve no substitution of machine for human work at the task level. The tasks undertaken by AIT in the leading applications were previously done by capital, not by human workers. Whatever your view of AITs, it should be updated to deal with this basic fact about their initial highly valuable applications. There is capital deepening, not factor substitution, at the task level. The absence of task-level substitution is unsurprising to scholars of ICT-based production. The transition to ICT-based production has largely proceeded at the system level, not the task level. A modern example is the AIT-using Amazon store and mall, which as a system competes with brick and mortar stores and malls. That competition involves many changes which are not cost minimization, i.e., not the substitution capital for labor with fixed outputs. Instead, system-level substitution is driven as much or more by output characteristics – convenience, breadth of choice, effective recommendations – as by cost. In forecasting the long run factor demand implications of AITs, there is no good reason to see them as different from other ICT – working at the system level to slowly change over to a more capital intensive, less labor intensive, more human capital intensive form of production, but not a form of production whose primary new feature is different factor use. Looking not only at the leading applications but at the early diffusion, AIT-based systems appear to be on the same track as most other highly innovative ICT-based systems of the last 25 years. They have spread out over a range of activities, to be sure, but have their largest impact in a narrow range of industries and functions, notably in consumer-oriented mass market production, distribution and marketing. The invention of consumer-oriented services like the WWW and consumer oriented devices like smartphones and tablets represents the diffusion of ICT to consumption. AITs, however, so far are participate in a very different 21st century trend, capital deepening in a narrow range of consumer-oriented markets and functions with divergence across firms in the rate of technical progress. Examining the strengths and weaknesses of AITbased production illuminates the narrowness and depth of ICT application more generally.
Characterization of fecal sludge as biomass feedstock for thermal treatment in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu

Background: Transformative sanitation technologies aim to treat fecal sludge (FS) by thermal processes and recover resources from it. There is a paucity of data describing the relevant properties of FS as viable feedstock for thermal treatment in major geographical target areas, such as India. Methods: This study characterized FS collected from septic tanks in two cities located in the Indian southern state of Tamil Nadu. FS samples were obtained at the point of discharge from trucks in Tiruppur (n=85 samples) and Coimbatore (n=50 samples). Additionally, biosolids obtained from sewage treatment plants (STP) in the cities of Coimbatore and Madurai were characterized. Total solids (TS) were measured, and proximate and ultimate analysis were conducted according to methods used by the fuel industry. Additionally, the ash content was analyzed for heavy metal using standard methods. Results: The average higher heating value (HHV) across all FS samples in Tiruppur (13.4 MJ/kg) was significantly higher than in Coimbatore (5.4 MJ/kg), which was partially attributed to the high ash content of 69% in the latter samples. The HHV of the biosolids samples ranged from 10 to 12.2 MJ/Kg. The average total solids (TS) content for FS was 3.3% and 2.0% for Tiruppur and Coimbatore respectively, while the median TS content for the two cities was 2.3% and 1.2%. The heavy metal content of the ash was found to be below the thresholds for land disposal. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies that has systematically characterized the calorific and mineral content of septage and biosolids in several cities in India. We expect these data to serve as input data in the design of thermal processes for fecal sludge treatment.
Vitamin D Defficiency in Rheumatology Clinic Practice in Qatar

In order to assess the prevalence ofvitamin-D deficiency in patients attending the rheumatology outpatient clinic at Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar; 360 consecutive pa-tients (97% female) were tested for fasting levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calciumphos-phorus, albumin and alkaline phosphatase. Two hundred and three patients (56%) showed vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml. From the results obtained it is concluded that lev-els of serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phos-phatase are of limited value in predicting vitamin-D sta-tus. The difficulty of skin synthesis in heavily-robed women is discussed and it is concluded that hypovitaminosis D is frequent in such women and that routine assays of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone and vitamin D supplementa-tion would be beneficial.