Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motor-Cognitive Dual-Task Paradigm Affects Timed Up & Go (TUG) Test Outcomes in Stroke Survivors

Stroke impacts the neuromusculoskeletal systems of the human body, which can lead to alterations while performing tasks. One of the most common tests to identify such alterations in Stroke Survivors (SS) is the Timed Up & Go (TUG) Test. However, motion details or the effects of cognitive demand were not considered in TUG Test previously. This study implemented a motor-cognitive dual-task paradigm while categorizing TUG using motion data collected from 10 participants (5 SS, 5 Healthy Individuals (HI)). We used 8 wearable motion sensors placed on participants' feet, shanks, legs, sacrum, and sternum to capture segment kinematics. The motion signals of the sensors were employed for partitioning the TUG and extracting in-detail gait parameters in the walking portions. Findings from motion analysis indicated that SS took 29% $\boldsymbol{(p < 0.001)}$ and 28% $\boldsymbol{(p=0.019)}$ more time to complete TUG and dual-task (DT), respectively. Furthermore, the overall time of TUG was higher $\boldsymbol{(\sim 20\%,\ p=0.036)}$ during DT vs. Single Task (ST) for SS. More importantly, the time of turning around the midpoint while performing the TUG Test was significantly higher $\boldsymbol{(\sim 31\%,p=0.087)}$ in DT vs. ST for SS. This study showed the specific portion of TUG that was significantly different in SS and identifying such portions within tasks could help develop more effective screening techniques for patients with neurological disorders.
Periodically poled crystals of KTP family: a review

ABSTRACT During the last decades, potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) and its isomorphs have attracted much attention due to its application in various photonic devices. These materials possess large nonlinear optic and electro-optic coefficients, high optical damage threshold, as well as broad thermal and angular acceptance for second harmonic generation. The interest to increase of the frequency conversion efficiency by domain engineering in the crystals of KTP family is enormous. This paper provides an overview of the available data dedicated to study of the domain structure and creation of the periodical domain patterns in crystals of KTP family for nonlinear optical devices.
An Introduction to Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis: with applications to heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and solid mechanics

1. General Introduction and Mathematical Preliminaries 2. Elements of Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics 3. The Finite Element Method: A Review 4. One-Dimensional Problems Involving a Single Variable 5. Nonlinear Bending of Straight Beams 6. Two-Dimensional Problems Involving a Single Variable 7. Nonlinear Bending of Elastic Plates 8. Nonlinear Bending of Elastic Shells 9. Finite Element Formulations of Solid Continua 10. Weak-Form Finite Element Models of Flows of Viscous Incompressible Fluids 11. Least-Squares Finite Element Models of Flows of Viscous Incompressible Fluids Appendix 1: Solution Procedures for Linear Equations Appendix 2: Solution Procedures for Nonlinear Equations
Influence of Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices on Nutrient Uptake of Transplanted Rice

Field experiments were conducted in clay loam soil in the wet land farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during rabi, 2011-12 and 2012-13 to evaluate the different crop establishment methods and weed management practices in lowland transplanted rice. The experiments were laid out in strip plot design with three replications. The treatments consisted of three crop establishment methods as horizontal strips and six weed management practices as vertical strips. The results of the study revealed that mechanical transplanting (30 x 20 cm) with conoweeding four times at 10 days interval, starting from 10 DAT had recorded better root characteristics such as root length, volume and dry weight attributing to higher nutrient uptake by rice resulting in higher grain and straw yield. This practice was comparable with mechanical transplanting (30 x 20 cm) with preemergence application of pretilachlor @ 0.75kg a.i. ha-1 + early post emergence of bispyribac sodium @ 20g a.i. ha -1 + conoweeding at 40 DAT.
Differences in the typology of dairy systems producing artisanal cheese and those producing only raw milk in Paraná State, Brazil

- We sought to develop a typology describing structural, production, and socioeconomic characteristics of dairy systems that produce artisanal cheese and compare it with that of systems that produce only raw milk. Data on 204 raw milk producers and 58 artisanal cheese producers in Paraná State, Brazil, were collected through on-site surveys and subjected to descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and means tests. Descriptive analyses were applied to characterize the sample and artisanal cheese production processes. Factor analysis identified the following three typological components: system production capacity, herd breed and milking characteristics, and farmer social characteristics. Farmers were divided into two groups, as follows: non-cheese producers (NCP) and artisanal cheese producers (ACP). Groups of farmers were compared in terms of typological components. It was found that ACP have smaller structure and production scale and focus less on herd breed and practices for improving milk quality than NCP. These results suggest that artisanal cheese production is a strategy to add value to milk that does not meet institutional or market requirements for transactions with the dairy industry, providing a foothold for producers to remain in the dairy business. Groups of farmers (ACP and NCP) do not differ in social indicators of typology.
Mechanoregulation of Osteoclastogenesis-Inducing Potentials of Fibrosarcoma Cell Line by Substrate Stiffness

A micro-physiological system is generally fabricated using soft materials, such as polydimethylsiloxane silicone (PDMS), and seeks an inflammatory osteolysis model for osteoimmunological research as one of the development needs. Microenvironmental stiffness regulates various cellular functions via mechanotransduction. Controlling culture substrate stiffness may help spatially coordinate the supply of osteoclastogenesis-inducing factors from immortalized cell lines, such as mouse fibrosarcoma L929 cells, within the system. Herein, we aimed to determine the effects of substrate stiffness on the osteoclastogenesis-inducing potential of L929 cells via cellular mechanotransduction. L929 cells showed increased expression of osteoclastogenesis-inducing factors when cultured on type I collagen-coated PDMS substrates with soft stiffness, approximating that of soft tissue sarcomas, regardless of the addition of lipopolysaccharide to augment proinflammatory reactions. Supernatants of L929 cells cultured on soft PDMS substrates promoted osteoclast differentiation of the mouse osteoclast precursor RAW 264.7 by stimulating the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related gene markers and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity. The soft PDMS substrate inhibited the nuclear translocation of YES-associated proteins in L929 cells without reducing cell attachment. However, the hard PDMS substrate hardly affected the cellular response of the L929 cells. Our results showed that PDMS substrate stiffness tuned the osteoclastogenesis-inducing potential of L929 cells via cellular mechanotransduction.
Numerical Simulations of the Atmospheric Response to a Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly over the Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean

Abstract The atmospheric response to a sea surface temperature anomaly over the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean (SSTA) is investigated using the UCLA General Circulation Model. The SSTA used is an idealization of that compiled by Rasmusson and Carpenter for the mature phase of El Nino. Two simulations over seasons, one without and the other with the SSTA, are performed and their results are compared for the Northern Hemisphere winter season. In the tropics the SSTA enhances precipitation over the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, while it decreases precipitation over the adjacent regions. The anomalous precipitation is predominantly balanced by the anomalous moisture flux convergence, which has comparable magnitude in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and in the free atmosphere with quite different geographical distribution. This suggests that the anomalous precipitation, and hence the anomalous tropical cumulus heating, cannot be related exclusively to either flow anomalies in the PBL or in the .
Performance of artificial intelligence in the characterization of colorectal lesions

Background: Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) has been used in the differentiation between neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal lesions through microvasculature analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) mode of the CAD EYE system for the optical diagnosis of colorectal lesions and compare it with the performance of an expert, in addition to evaluating the computer-aided detection (CADe) mode in terms of polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR). Methods: A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the performance of CAD EYE using blue light imaging (BLI), dichotomizing lesions into hyperplastic and neoplastic, and of an expert based on the Japan Narrow-Band Imaging Expert Team (JNET) classification for the characterization of lesions. After white light imaging (WLI) diagnosis, magnification was used on all lesions, which were removed and examined histologically. Diagnostic criteria were evaluated, and PDR and ADR were calculated. Results: A total of 110 lesions (80 (72.7%) dysplastic lesions and 30 (27.3%) nondysplastic lesions) were evaluated in 52 patients, with a mean lesion size of 4.3 mm. Artificial intelligence (AI) analysis showed 81.8% accuracy, 76.3% sensitivity, 96.7% specificity, 98.5% positive predictive value (PPV), and 60.4% negative predictive value (NPV). The kappa value was 0.61, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.87. Expert analysis showed 93.6% accuracy, 92.5% sensitivity, 96.7% specificity, 98.7% PPV, and 82.9% NPV. The kappa value was 0.85, and the AUC was 0.95. Overall, PDR was 67.6% and ADR was 45.9%. Conclusions: The CADx mode showed good accuracy in characterizing colorectal lesions, but the expert assessment was superior in almost all diagnostic criteria. PDR and ADR were high.
Baroclinic Jets on Other Jupiters and Earths

Dynamics of baroclinic jets on extrasolar planets is studied using three-dimensional general circulation models (GCMs) which solve the traditional hydrostatic primitive equations. The focus is on: i) baroclinic flow and instability on hot-Jupiters; ii) detailed GCM intercomparison in a commonly used extrasolar planet setup; and, iii) equatorial superrotation on Earth-like planets. Stability, non-linear evolution and equilibration of high-speed ageostrophic jets are studied under adiabatic condition relevant to hot-Jupiters. It is found that zonal jets can be baroclinically unstable, despite the planetary size of the Rossby deformation scale, and that high resolution is necessary to capture the process. Non-linear jet evolution is then used as a test case to assess model convergence in five GCMs used in current hot-Jupiter simulations. The GCMs are also tested under a diabatic condition (thermal relaxation on a short timescale) similar to that used in many hot-Jupiter studies. In the latter case, in particular, the models show significant interand intra-model variability, limiting their quantitative prediction capability. Some models severely violate global angular momentum conservation. The generation of equatorial superrotation in Earth-like atmospheres, subject to “Held & Suarez-like” zonally-symmetric thermal forcing is also studied. It is shown that transition to superrotation occurs when the meridional gradient of the equilibrium surface entropy is weak in this setup. Two factors contribute to the onset of superrotation — suppression of breaking Rossby waves (generated by midlatitude baroclinic instability) that decelerate the equatorial flow, and, generation of inertial and barotropic instabilities in the equatorial region that provide the stirring to accelerate the equatorial flow. In summary, forcing condition and physical setup used in current hot-Jupiter simulations severely stretch model performance and predictive capability. Superrotation in Earth-like conditions may be common, but its strength decreases with resolution. Broadly, numerical convergence must be assessed in GCM experiments for each problem or setup considered.
Isolated Eddy Models in Geophysics

Geophysical fluid flows often appear to be dominated by a strong, but localized, vortical structure that lasts for many circulation times even when relatively turbulent flows are impinging upon it. A prime example is Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, still swirling strongly some 300 years after our first observations. The Voyager photographs offer a vivid impression of the robustness of the Red Spot despite the shearing flows surrounding it and the small vortices impinging upon it. In the Earth’s ocean, we find similar long-lived structures---e.g. Gulf Stream rings--that can progress over thousands of kilometers. Satellite imagery shows that the rings exist in a highly variable eddy field, yet they retain their distinctive chemical and biological water characteristics over hundreds of revolutions. In the atmosphere, too, synoptic meteorologists often tend to characterize a "blocking" event as an isolated phenomenon. In these situations, a strong, nearly stationary disturbance diverts and weakens, or "blocks," the normal westerly flows and alters the storm tracks, often for several weeks. (Unfortunately, this phenomenon, in the fluid medium we are able to observe best, is the least clearly isolated! ) Other synoptic-scale atmospheric vortices, such as hurricanes, are likewise localized but, because of the extremely active role of the thermodynamic proces,~es, may require quite different explanations. From such observations, we can extract a set of dynamical properties characterizing these flows :
Comparison of in vitro Killing Effect of Thai Herbal Essential Oils, Tea Tree Oil, and Metronidazole 0.75% versus Ivermectin 1% on Demodex folliculorum

Background Abnormal proliferation of Demodex mites causes a skin disorder called demodicosis and has been linked to rosacea. The development of alternative therapy against Demodex mites is currently required. The ability to kill Demodex mites of Thai herbal essential oils has never been explored. This study aimed to study and compare the in vitro killing effect of Thai herbal essential oils, tea tree oil, and metronidazole 0.75% with ivermectin 1% on D. folliculorum. Materials and Methods D. folliculorum mites were collected from the wastes of diagnostic standardized skin surface biopsy samples of demodicosis and rosacea patients for the trial. The microscopic evaluation started immediately after the mites were exposed to immersion oil (negative control), Thai herbal essential oils, tea tree oil, metronidazole 0.75%, and ivermectin 1% (positive control). The survival times of ten mites from each test agent were compared. Results The efficacy of Thai herbal essential oils and other test agents can be arranged in order as follows: lemongrass oil > sweet basil oil > clove oil > tea tree oil > lesser galangal oil > ginger oil, kaffir lime oil, peppermint oil > citronella oil > galangal oil > cajeput oil > ivermectin 1% > metronidazole 0.75%. Conclusion This current study demonstrated the in vitro killing efficacy on D. folliculorum: Thai herbal essential oils, Tea tree oil > ivermectin 1% > metronidazole 0.75%. Thai herbal essential oils have the potential to be an adjuvant or alternative therapy against Demodex mites. Further in vivo studies are necessary to determine the treatment efficacy and side effects.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Molecular Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Management—A Systematic Review

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects the hair follicles in areas of the body with apocrine glands. The condition is characterized by recurrent, painful nodules, abscesses, and draining sinuses that can lead to scarring and disfigurement. In this present study, we provide a focused evaluation of recent developments in hidradenitis suppurativa research, including novel therapeutics and promising biomarkers that may facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment. We conducted a systematic review of controlled trials, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, case reports, and Cochrane Review articles in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Epistemonikos databases were queried via Title/Abstract screen. Eligibility criteria included the following: (1) has a primary focus on hidradenitis suppurativa, (2) includes measurable outcomes data with robust comparators, (3) details the sample population, (4) English language, and (5) archived as full-text journal articles. A total of 42 eligible articles were selected for review. Qualitative evaluation identified numerous developments in our understanding of the disease’s multiple potential etiologies, pathophysiology, and treatment options. It is important for individuals with hidradenitis suppurativa to work closely with a healthcare provider to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses their individual needs and goals. To meet this objective, providers must keep current with developments in the genetic, immunological, microbiological, and environmental factors contributing to the disease’s development and progression.
Simple Bioparticle Filtration Device Based on an Ultralow-Fouling Zwitterionic Polyurethane Membrane for Rapid Large-Volume Separation of Plasma and Viruses from Whole Blood

Plasma separation from whole blood is oftent required as an essential first step when performing blood tests with a viral assay. However, developing a point-of-care plasma extraction device with a large output and high virus recovery remains a significant obstacle to the success of on-site viral load tests. Here, we report a portable, easy-to-use, cost-efficient, membrane-filtration-based plasma separation device that enables rapid large-volume plasma extraction from whole blood, designed for point-of-care virus assays. The plasma separation is realized by a low-fouling zwitterionic polyurethane-modified cellulose acetate (PCBU-CA) membrane. The zwitterionic coating on the cellulose acetate membrane can decrease surface protein adsorption by 60% and increase plasma permeation by 46% compared with a pristine membrane. The PCBU-CA membrane, with its ultralow-fouling properties, enables rapid plasma separation. The device can yield a total of 1.33 mL plasma from 10 mL whole blood in 10 min. The extracted plasma is cell-free and exhibits a low hemoglobin level. In addition, our device demonstrated a 57.8% T7 phage recovery in the separated plasma. The results of real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that the nucleic acid amplification curve of the plasma extracted by our device is comparable to that obtained by centrifugation. With its high plasma yield and good phage recovery, our plasma separation device provides an excellent replacement for traditional plasma separation protocols for point-of-care virus assays and a broad spectrum of clinical tests.
Assessment of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hooker F.) Cultivars under Different Growing Conditions

A study was carried out on the growth performance of 9 cultivars of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hooker F.), at G.K. V.K. Bangalore, during 2011-12. Among the nine cultivars studied, there was a significant variation observed for growth, cut flower yield and quality parameters under polyhouse (NVPH) and shade house conditions. The results revealed that, plant height, number of leaves and plant spread (N/S and E/W) were highest under polyhouse condition compared to shadehouse. Among the varieties, cv. Kyillian recorded the highest plant height (40.1 cm), cv. Sonata recorded maximum number of leaves (23.5) and cv. Julia recorded the highest plant spread on both north to south and east to west side (70.0 and 66.9 cm). Flowering characters such as flower bud appearance, bud opening, 50 per cent flowering and days taken to first harvest were found to be significant. Flowering occurred early under polyhouse compared to shadehouse. Among the varieties, cv. Kyillian took less number of days for flower bud appearance and bud opening (44.5 and 10.4 days respectively). The cv. Dameblanche took less number of days (105.3 and 88 days) to 50 per cent flowering and first harvest. Flower quality parameters such as stalk length, stem diameter, flower diameter and number of ray florets were found to be significant. The highest flower quality parameters were recorded under polyhouse compared to shadehouse. The cv. Julia recorded maximum stalk length and stem diameter (67.9 and 0.83 cm respectively). Maximum flower diameter was recorded in cv. Kyillian (10.6 cm). Cultivar Arianna the recorded maximum number of ray florets (9.16). Significant differences were found among the yield parameters such as flowers per plant, total yield per plant and flowers per meter square. The highest yield parameters were recorded under polyhouse as compared to shadehouse. Among the treatments, cv. Sonata recorded the maximum number of flowers per plant; and flowers per meter square (4.4, 8.8 and 98.2, respectively).
Hot Springs Cyanobacteria Endowed with Biological Activities for Cosmetic Applications: Evaluation of On-Site Collected Communities and Isolated Strains

Microbial communities growing around hot springs (bioglea), of which cyanobacteria are the main components, contribute to beneficial properties of thermal muds and often enter cosmetic treatment products. Bioglea is obtainable via alternative approaches to harvesting from nature: direct cultivation of whole communities and isolation and cultivation of the isolated strains. Cultivation represents a step towards industrial production, guaranteeing higher availability, quality and safety. In this work, the biochemical composition of natural and cultivated bioglea collected in different hot springs and of cyanobacterial strains isolated thereof was analysed. Lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts were tested for antimicrobial and radical scavenging activities and toxicity against Artemia salina. Higher antimicrobial activity was found in lipophilic than hydrophilic bioglea extracts and the opposite in isolates’ extracts. Thermal water extracts also showed some activity. No toxicity was observed. Bioglea radical scavenging activity positively correlated with carotenoids (lipophilic extracts) and phycobiliproteins (hydrophilic extracts). No correlation was observed for isolated strains. Cultivation at the 10 L scale of Chroococcidiopsis BIOG3 evidenced bioactivity changes with the growth phase and life cycle stage. From activity comparison, communities showed higher potential over single strains cultivation; however, further investigations should elucidate isolates’ full potential also by combining them into synthetic communities to simplify production and standardisation.
Counter Narratives: Examining the Mathematics and Racial Identities of Black Boys who are Successful with School Mathematics

grade boys who attend school in a southern rural school division. The data pool consisted of focus group interviews, mathematics autobiographies, review of academic records, and observations. Four factors positively contributed to mathematics identity: (a) the development of computational fluency by third grade, (b) extrinsic recognitions, (c) relational connections, and (d) engagement with the unique qualities of mathematics. For these boys, racial identity in school is connected to perceptions of others’ school engagement; this sense of “otherness” lead to a redefinition of their own mathematics and racial identities.