Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of standards and guidelines set by international bodies for the parameters of indoor air quality

Abstract Standards and guidelines as defined by various international agencies are employed by the researchers to evaluate an acceptable quality of air in indoor as well as outdoor environments. The main objective of this paper is to establish a comprehensive review of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) guidelines and other standard values that are implemented currently. For this purpose, the present study summarizes the main standards and guidelines related to key indoor air pollutants and levels of thermal comfort developed by different agencies around the world. These agencies and organizations include the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air– Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department (HKEPD), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia. Common indoor air pollutants that are found to frequently affect indoor populations are, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), formaldehyde (HCHO), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and particulate matter in sizes 2.5 and PM 10 , respectively). Other factors that affect IAQ are the moisture content of the air (i.e., relative humidity), the temperature of the indoor air, and the air speed or movement. Sick building syndrome (SBS) describes the various interactions between these major pollutants and factors of IAQ that cause adverse health effects on humans. In addition, this paper reviews various stipulated guidelines that are implemented by the relevant regulatory institutions and agencies to prevent SBS.
Zero Tillage Systems Conserve Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Enhancing Soil Glomalin and Water Stable Aggregates with Implications for Soil Stability

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with approximately 80% of terrestrial plant species, while producing the glycoprotein glomalin as a structural support molecule along their mycelial network. Glomalin confers two benefits for soils: (1) acting as a carbon and nitrogen storage molecule; (2) the binding of soil microaggregates (<250 µm) to form larger, more stable structures. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that a correlation between glomalin and soil aggregation exists and that this is influenced by the method of seedbed preparation. The soils from two crops of winter wheat in Hertfordshire, UK, practising either conventional (20 cm soil inversion) or zero tillage exclusively, were sampled in a 50 m grid arrangement over a 12 month period. Glomalin and water stable aggregates (WSA) were quantified for each soil sample and found to be significantly greater in zero tillage soils compared to those of conventional tillage. A stronger correlation between WSA and glomalin was observed in zero tillage (Pearson’s coeffect 0.85) throughout the cropping year compared to conventional tillage (Pearson’s coeffect 0.07). The present study was able to conclude that zero tillage systems are beneficial for AM fungi, the enhancement of soil glomalin and soil erosion mitigation.
Performance of an immunochromatographic assay for rapid diagnosis of scrub typhus in an outlying health care facility

The mainstay in the diagnosis of Scrub Typhus is based on serological tests. There is a need for rapid and easy to perform diagnostic test as Scrub Typhus is commonly found in persons working in marshy land and dwelling in areas away from health care facilities. Rapid diagnosis initiates early and specific treatment. Material and Methods: A total of 93 serum samples collected from patients residing in considerably secluded area of Vidarbha in Maharashtra were tested in State Surveillance Laboratory (SSL) by immunochromatographic SD Bioline test (ICT-SD Bioline) for the diagnosis of Scrub Typhus. The test was evaluated using IgM ELISA as reference test. Results: In absence of a perfect reference test for Scrub Typhus, evaluation of ICT-SD Bioline using IgM ELISA as a reference test gave a sensitivity of 98.57% and a specificity of 92.31%. Conclusion: ICT-SD Bioline gave a high sensitivity but since duration of fever prior to testing was not taken into account, its ability to react in presence of disease with high probability to warranted. However its high specificity definitely affirms the presence of disease with high probability.
Preparing Chito-Oligosaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents for Cotton

Cotton fabric with good antimicrobial activity and durability to washing is obtained by using chito-oligosaccharides without the need for a binding chemical as a crosslinker. The fully deacetylated chitosan is depolymerized into chito-oligosaccharide using sodium nitrite. The average degree of polymerization (DP) of chito-oligosaccharide is determined by color imetric titration of a terminal aldehyde group of chito-oligosaccharide. In a pad-dry-cure process, two different chito-oligosaccharides (DP = 3 and 10) are applied to cotton fabric using the chemical reactivity of the terminal aldehyde group. The antimicrobial activity and durability to washing of the treated cotton are evaluated. The results show that at the fiftieth wash cycle, the cotton fabrics treated with 2.4% chito-oligosaccharide are able to maintain 95% (for a DP of 3) and 100% (for a DP of 10) bacterial reductions.
ROLE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN EMERGING ECONOMY

This research aims to evaluate the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on sustainable energy development (SED) by developing the role of mediating variables such as usage of renewable energy resources (URR) and sustainable energy supply (SES). We use qualitative and quantitative technique such as Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the data of collection from experts, economists, executives in Vietnam in 2020. The study has proved the corporate social responsibility (CSR) affecting directly to the sustainable energy development (SED). Besides, the findings suggest a positively significant impact of both sustaining energy supply (SES) and the usage of renewable energy resources (URR) on sustainable energy development (SED). Thus, the research brings the whole view of corporate social responsibility affects to the sustainable energy development (SED) through the URR and SES. This study contributed empirical work in the literature of corporate social responsibility, renewable energy, sustainable energy supply (SES) and sustainable energy development (SED). The outcomes of this study can be used by policy makers, economists, top management in the governmental office and even the corporate. A mediating role of SES as a value-added contribution to this study and can be consolidated and strengthened more in coming research.
Prevalence of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitaemia in Exclusively Breastfed Children Aged 0-6 Month in the Ouidah Kpomassè-Tori-Bossito Health Region in Benin

Exclusive breastfeeding would reduce susceptibility to malaria according to several studies. The objective of this study was to assess Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) parasitaemia in children under 6 months exclusively breastfed in southern Benin. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 from February to August. We randomly selected 106 exclusively breastfed children aged from 0 to 6 months in the Ouidah-Kpomassè-Tori-Bossito health region (OKT) in southern Benin. 24 h recall method was used to identify exclusively breastfed children. Plasmodium was detected by a thick drop, blood smear and a real time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The children average age was 2.2 months. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1. The prevalence of P. falciparum malaria was 0.9%. One child had fever and positive parasitaemia with gamétocytes confirmed by qPCR at 27 Cycle threshold (Ct). This child was 4.2 months old and slept under mosquito bed net. There was no asymptomatic parasitaemia among all the children. The prevalence of P. falciparum parasitaemia in exclusively breastfed children, that was lower than the average prevalence in southern Benin, the practice of breastfeeding should be encouraged and strengthened. Future studies with objective measure of breast milk could help to better classify exclusive breastfeeding.
SORBENT DISPERSION TECHNIQUES IN FLUE GAS FOR REMOVAL OF TOXICS

Mercury removal from flue gases resulting from coal fired power plants is a prime concern. The goal of the Ohio Coal Research Consortium is to promote the use of Ohio coal by addressing the issues related to the control of trace substance emission, especially mercury, as well as issues relating to sulfur emission control. One mercury removal technology is injection of activated carbon in flue gas. The activated carbon process requires 3 × 10 -3 to 10 -4 weight ratio of carbon to mercury. Proper contacting i.e. interaction, between carbon and the flue gas is important for the removal of mercury. The uniform distribution of a small amount of sorbent (e.g. for 90,720 kg h -1 of coal, about 90.7 kg h -1 of carbon are required) in the flue gas ducts of cross section as large as 3.0 × 3.6 m is a challenging task. Carbon must be injected into humidified flue gas without collecting on the duct walls; it must mix thoroughly and be retained in the flow for sufficient amount of time for mercury removal. There is a need to identify and evaluate effective contacting methods for carbon/flue gas for the removal of mercury. Since the cost of control of mercury with carbon injection mainly depends upon the amount and type of activated carbon needed, it is important to determine all factors that could minimize the amount of activated carbon needed. The cost of carbon injection can vary by an order of magnitude (from $ 100,000 to > $ 1 million per year in carbon cost for a 500 MW plant not including equipment and installation costs) over the range of type of carbon and rate of carbon injection used. This paper addresses the issues involved in optimal contacting of activated carbon and flue gases so as to obtain the minimum necessary rate of carbon injection, which is an important consideration for making the process economically viable.
Corporate Governance Arrangements and its Financial Performance?

This paper presents estimates from a latent variables model of the relation between corporate governance and financial performance. We use data on large US corporations to estimate the correlation, conditional on the firms’ investment opportunity set, between governance and performance. We find that this correlation is statistically speaking zero. This result is consistent with the “equilibrium view” (Demsetz, 1983) in which firms optimize corporate governance arrangements subject to the constraints imposed by the investment opportunity set, such that observed corporate governance arrangements and firm performance are uncorrelated. The intuition behind this statement is that, if governance and performance were correlated, performance could be improved by making changes to the governance arrangements, which is at odds with an equilibrium situation. JEL-Code: C380, G340, L200, M520.
Efficiency of low-tech augmentative and alternative communication (ACC) access methods

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) implementation and intervention continues to be a critical component of the speech-language pathology scope of practice (ASHA, 2020a). As communication has become increasingly technological, there is a growing need for individuals using AAC to participate remotely using their preferred method of AAC (DeRuyter et al., 2007). While digital communication uses high-tech materials, low-tech AAC is still a viable and preferred option for some individuals (Roman et al., 2010). The instruction and use of low-tech AAC is still highly relevant in various settings such as intensive care units (Garrett et al., 2007). Research on use of low-tech AAC systems in telecommunication and the instruction of low-tech communication AAC methods via telepractice is limited. This paper focuses on participants’ experience with learning a modality of communication, low-tech AAC, over Zoom (Zoom Communications Video Communications Inc., 2020). Using a descriptive-comparative design to evaluate efficiency, three participants, who were non-users of AAC, learned, utilized, and reported preferences of low-tech methods of Eye-Transfer (E-Tran) or Partner-Assisted Scanning (PAS), in a 90-minute session. Participants used the methods in the role of the person using AAC first, and then as the communication partner. Method efficiency was evaluated by comparing duration of messages, spelling accuracy, and user preferences amongst participants. The results indicated ETran was faster than PAS for two participants who tried both methods. The two participants who tried both methods also had higher accuracy using PAS and preferred PAS overall in the telecommunication setting. EFFICIENCY OF LOW-TECH AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION (AAC) ACCESS METHODS A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Brittany Davis University of Northern Iowa December 2020
Probabilistic Shared Risk Link Groups Modeling Correlated Resource Failures Caused by Disasters

To evaluate the expected availability of a backbone network service, the administrator should consider all possible failure scenarios under the specific service availability model stipulated in the corresponding service-level agreement. Given the increase in natural disasters and malicious attacks with geographically extensive impact, considering only independent single component failures is often insufficient. This paper builds a stochastic model of geographically correlated link failures caused by disasters to estimate the hazards an optical backbone network may be prone to and to understand the complex correlation between possible link failures. We first consider link failures only and later extend our model also to capture node failures. With such a model, one can quickly extract essential information such as the probability of an arbitrary set of network resources to fail simultaneously, the probability of two nodes to be disconnected, the probability of a path to survive a disaster. Furthermore, we introduce standard data structures and a unified terminology on Probabilistic Shared Risk Link Groups (PSRLGs), along with a pre-computation process, which represents the failure probability of a set of resources succinctly. In particular, we generate a quasilinear-sized data structure in polynomial time, which allows the efficient computation of the cumulative failure probability of any set of network elements. Our evaluation is based on carefully pre-processed seismic hazard data matched to real-world optical backbone network topologies.
Fine-tuned MobileNet Classifier for Classification of Strawberry and Cherry Fruit Types

This paper proposed an accurate, fast, and reliable strawberry, cherry fruit detection, and classification system for the automated strawberry, cherry yield estimation. State-of-the-art deep learning-based fine-tuned MobileNet Convolutional Neural Network is developed to detect and classify strawberry and cherry fruit types in the outdoor field. The proposed CNN model is trained on 4250 strawberry fruit images, 3878 Cherry fruit images, and tested on 990 strawberry fruit images, 1012 Cherry fruit images. This paper presents a fine-tuned MobileNet Convolutional Neural Network model to capture features and classify fruit type. The original MobileNet CNN model has 88 layers, which is computationally intensive and has more number of parameters. In the fine-tuned MobileNet CNN model, top layers are frozen and few layers are replaced with other layers such as depthwise layer, pointwise layer, ReLu and Batch normalization layer, global average pooling layer. The fully connected layer is removed. The fine-tuned MobileNet CNN model performs quite well with higher accuracy of fruit classification at less computation cost. The proposed CNN Model performs classification and labels them as Blueberry, Huckleberry, Mulberry, Raspberry, Strawberry, Strawberry Wedge, Cherry Brown, Cherry Red, Cherry Rainier, Cherry wax Black, Cherry wax Red, Cherry wax Yellow. The proposed model's average validation accuracy is about 98.60%, and the loss rate is about 0.38%. The fruit images are acquired from the cultivation field include fruits occluded by foliage, under the shadow, and some degree of overlap of strawberry, cherry flowers.
Derleme Agency Theory : A Review in Finance Vekalet Teorisi : Finans Alanında Bir İnceleme

The problems of agency and risk sharing arise due to the separation of ownership and control of a large firm, when conflicts of interest exist between principals (owners) and agents (managers). The main source of these problems is asymmetric information, which implies an agency cost for the principal. Agency theory, which is still one of the fundamental theories in corporate finance, focuses on minimizing costs in agency relations. This study critically evaluates the principal-agent relations, focusing on the interaction between the shareholder-manager and bondholdershareholder in corporate finance.
Ferrocene-Catalyzed Growth of Single-Crystalline 6H-SiC Nanoribbons

Single crystal 6H–SiC nanoribbons were in situ synthesized in large scale on the as-prepared SiC–Si ceramic substrates via a facile heat-treatment approach using ferrocene as catalyst. The as-synthesized nanoribbons were up to several millimeters long, with widths of 200–300 nm and thicknesses of 20–80 nm. A novel combination growth mechanism of vapor–liquid–solid-based and vapor–solid-tip was proposed for the growth mode of the as-synthesized nanoribbons. This study provided not only a new method for synthesizing SiC nanoribbons but also a new insight into the growth mode for SiC nanoribbons.
Usefulness of Recovery services promoting personal recovery among Adults living with Severe Mental illness – A Comprehensive Integrative Review

Abstract Background: There is increasing call regarding recovery services but little review have been undertaken regarding such services. This integrative review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence on the usefulness of recovery services used to promote personal recovery among adults living with severe mental illness. Methods: A search of the published literature was conducted using: Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. Mixed methods synthesis was used to analyse the data. The search was limited to papers published in English from January 2008 to January 2020. The review integrated both qualitative and quantitative data into a single synthesis. Results: Out of 40 included papers, 62.5 %( 25/40) used Quantitative data, 32.5% used Qualitative and 5 %( 2/40) used mixed methods. The review identified three recovery services such as integrated recovery model, vocational rehabilitation (Individual Placement Services), as well as recovery narrative photovoice and art-making services. The recovery services are useful in areas such as medication and treatment adherence, improvement in functioning, symptoms, physical health & social behaviour, self-efficacy, economic empowerment, social inclusion, household integration and access to support services. Conclusions: The evidence on recovery services focused largely on integrated rehabilitation and individual placement services, with a few studies implementing recovery narrative photovoice and art-making services. Mental health professionals are encouraged to implement the identified recovery services to improve the personal recovery goals of consumers.
A three-leg voltage source inverter for two-phase AC motor drive systems

This paper presents a three-leg voltage source inverter topology for supplying two-phase induction machines. The paper also presents the pulse width modulation strategy for voltage control and a quasi time-invariant model to describe an unbalanced two-phase machine. The correctness of the proposed system is demonstrated through experimental results obtained from a 1 kW laboratory prototype.
Sero-surveillance for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at antenatal care clinics in two Kenyan referral hospitals

The high proportion of asymptomatic and undetected SARS-CoV-2 infections presents a challenge to tracking the progress of the pandemic and implementing control measures in Kenya. We determined the prevalence of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 in residual blood samples from mothers attending antenatal care services at 2 referral hospitals in Kenya. A total of 196 samples were analysed from Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi in August 2020, seroprevalence, adjusted for assay sensitivity and specificity, was 49.8% (95% CI 42.0-57.8). In Kilifi County Hospital in coastal Kenya, 419 samples were analysed between September and November 2020, seroprevalence, adjusted for assay sensitivity and specificity, increased from 1.3% (95% CI 0.03-4.8) in September to 10.9% (95% CI 6.1, 16.8) in November 2020. There has been substantial, unobserved transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in parts of Nairobi and Kilifi Counties.
The perception of Nepal’s Tharu community in regard to climate change and its impacts on their livelihoods

The Tharu people of Nepal have a longstanding knowledge of their locality and its patterns of weather and agriculture. The impact of climate change severely affects their livelihoods. The aim of this study is to document the perceptions of the Tharu community of Kanchanpur District in Nepal in regard to climate change and its impacts. We have generated primary data by household survey, focus group discussion, key informant interview, and field observation.
Modeling Isosteric Heat of Soya Bean for Desorption Energy Estimation Using Neural Network Approach

Sorption isotherm of soya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) was obtained by the dynamic experimental method. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were used for modeling soya bean equilibrium moisture content (EMC). Thermodynamic equations and trained ANN for prediction of two thermodynamic properties of net isosteric heat and entropy of soya bean were utilized. The ANN models were better compared with mathematical models. In this study, the isosteric heat and entropy of sorption of soya bean were separately predicted by two power models as a EMC function. Predictive power of the models was high (R 2 ≈ 0.99). At the moisture content above 11% (dry basis, db), isosteric heat and entropy of sorption of soya bean were smoothly decreased, while they were highest at moisture content about 8% (db). Isosteric heat and entropy would be useful in the storage simulation of dried soya bean. The ANN model predicts soya bean EMC more accurately than mathematical models. Hence, better equations could be developed for the prediction of heat of sorption and entropy based on data from the ANN model.