Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The differences in the adrenergic receptors of proximal urethra between sexes

Objectives: The bladder and urethra work as a physiologically functional unit to facilitate continence in the storage and voiding phase. Sex differences have been found in the urethral contraction in response to α-adrenergic receptor activation. This study aimed to investigate the role of adrenergic receptors in the proximal urethra of male and female mice. Materials and Methods: Urinary bladder and proximal urethral smooth muscle (USM) samples from male and female C57BL/6 mice were isolated and mounted in an organ bath. Results: Acetylcholine-induced contraction of the urinary bladder was compared in male and female mice. Phenylephrine and norepinephrine (NE) induced little contraction at a lower concentration, but a relaxing phase of female proximal USM was observed at a higher concentration. This contraction profile was inhibited by NG-nitro-L-arginine, lidocaine, and capsaicin. In addition, the NE-induced contraction was greater in the incubation of propranolol than that of L-NNA or lidocaine. These results suggested that the β-adrenoceptor may be the dominant receptor of female proximal USM, and the activity of calcitonin gene-related peptide sensory nerves and nitrergic nerves may pose an anti-contraction effect on the proximal urethra in female mice. Conclusion: β-adrenoceptor may be the dominant receptor of female proximal USM. The use of β-adrenergic receptor blocker agents might have the potential for the treatment of female voiding dysfunction.
Prevalence and associated factors of recurrent pregnancy loss in Nigeria according to different national and international criteria (ASRM/ESHRE vs. WHO/RCOG)

Background In low-and middle-income countries, no conclusive research explains the prevalence and associated factors of women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Some authorities have recommended further scientific research on the effect of various definitions of RPL. Objective To assess prevalence and associated factors of RPL among pregnant women in Nigeria according to different national and international criteria: the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/ European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ASRM/ESHRE; two losses) and the World Health Organization/ Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (WHO/RCOG; three consecutive losses) criteria. Methods This is a cross-sectional analytical study wherein, pregnant women with prior RPL were investigated. The outcome measures were prevalence and risk factors. The associations between independent variables and outcome variable were explored using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models. The results of these analyses were reported as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Factors associated with RPL were identified using multivariate regression models. Result Of the 378 pregnant women interviewed, the overall prevalence of RPL in this study was found to be 15.34% (95% confidence interval = 11.65%–19.84%). The prevalence of RPL was 15.34% (58/378; 95%CI = 11.65%–19.84%) and 5.29% (20/378; 95%CI = 3.23%–8.17) according to the ASRM and the WHO criterion respectively. Regardless of diagnostic criteria, unexplained (AOR = 23.04; 95%CI: 11.46–36.32), endocrine disturbances (AOR = 9.76; 95%CI: 1.61–63.19), uterine abnormalities (AOR = 13.57; 95%CI: 3.54–50.60), and antiphospholipid syndrome (AOR = 24.59; 95%CI: 8.45–71.04) were positively and independently associated with RPL. No significant risk factors were seen when the ASRM/ ESHRE criterion vs. WHO/RCOG criterion were compared. Advanced maternal age was significantly higher in secondary than in primary type of RPL. Conclusion The prevalence of RPL was 15.34% and 5.29% according to ASRM/ESHRE and WHO/RCOG criterion respectively, with secondary type predominating. No significant differences with regard to risk factors were seen according to diagnostic criteria studied, though advanced maternal age was significantly higher in secondary RPL. Further research is needed to confirm our findings and to better characterize the magnitude of differences.
Nonuniformity correction using a flood technique and 1:1 mapping

Although the sparse grid Non-Uniformity Correction (NUC) technique can accurately correct individual emitters on a resistor array, it is not a good solution for all projection applications. Due to busbar robbing, the sparse grid NUC breaks down when a large number of emitters are turned on simultaneously. For this case, a more appropriate NUC data collection method is needed. This method involves measuring the entire resistor array at once with a 1:1 mapping between the projector and NUC sensor. Then busbar effects, measured during the NUC data collection, can be accounted for and corrected. This paper presents details pertaining to the flood NUC technique and results. This NUC system is implemented at the Kinetic Kill Vehicle Hardware In the Loop Simulator (KHILS) at Eglin AFB, Florida.
Transcriptome Profile Reveals Differences between Remote and Ischemic Myocardium after Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Swine Model

Simple Summary Understanding the molecular basis of acute myocardial infarction is necessary to identify new therapeutic targets. In this work, a comparative transcriptome analysis was performed to identify differences in the expression profile between infarcted and remote areas of the myocardium in a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction. Abstract Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the consequence of an acute interruption of myocardial blood flow delimiting an area with ischemic necrosis. The loss of cardiomyocytes initiates cardiac remodeling in the myocardium, leading to molecular changes in an attempt to recover myocardial function. The purpose of this study was to unravel the differences in the molecular profile between ischemic and remote myocardium after AMI in an experimental model. To mimic human myocardial infarction, healthy pigs were subjected to occlusion of the mid-left anterior descending coronary artery, and myocardial tissue was collected from ischemic and remote zones for omics techniques. Comparative transcriptome analysis of both areas was accurately validated by proteomic analysis, resulting in mitochondrion-related biological processes being the most impaired mechanisms in the infarcted area. Moreover, Immune system process-related genes were up-regulated in the remote tissue, mainly due to the increase of neutrophil migration in this area. These results provide valuable information regarding differentially expressed genes and their biological functions between ischemic and remote myocardium after AMI, which could be useful for establishing therapeutic targets for the development of new treatments.
EXACT THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS EMISSION OF TWO LEVEL ATOM IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL CAVITY

The exact theory of the spontaneous emission of a motionless two level atom in a one-dimensional cavity at zero temperature is presented. In the damped cavity case, using the theory of quasistationary systems and a novel algorithm in operating casual ζ-functions, the theory predicts a hidden-triplet form of emission spectrum which turns abruptly to a singlet when the cavity passive linewidth Γc/2 becoming equal to twice the coupling constant.
Reduction of Periodic Torsional Vibration using Centrifugal Pendulum Vibration Absorbers

New developments of more environmentally friendly combustion engines cause high fluctuating torques acting on the crankshaft, drive train and auxiliary units. Those result in noise and vibration that are unintentional, especially in automotive engineering. Dual flywheels to damp the vibration are reaching their limits and alternatives have to be found. Centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers (CPVA) are a long known, energy saving tool to compensate non‐uniform torques. Their main advantage is that they are tuned to a specific order instead of one fixed frequency and therefore they are rotational speed adaptive. This paper presents the fundamentals of CPVA, as well as the equation of motion (EOM), and it shows an analysis for all relevant design parameters. (© 2009 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The 3D-Printed Non-Radiating Edge Gap-Coupled Curved Patch Antenna

The use of parasitic resonant patches is a widespread technique to improve the bandwidth of microstrip patch antennas. Exploiting the free form-factor allowed by 3D-printing manufacturing technology, we present here a novel curved patch antenna layout, based on the non-radiating edge gap-coupled patch configuration. The proposed antenna is composed of a central curved patch, fed by a coaxial probe, and two gap-coupled parasitic side curved patches. This solution features a percentage impedance bandwidth of 16.3% using symmetrical parasitic side patches and 31.5% using asymmetrical side patches. A significant improvement of the bandwidth in comparison with both the standard non-radiating edge gap-coupled microstrip antenna (6.1% bandwidth) and the standard curved patch antenna (9% bandwidth) is achieved. Design and optimization of the proposed configuration are performed using the commercial software CST Studio Suite at the center frequency of 2.45 GHz. Prototypes of the symmetrical curved non-radiating edge gap-coupled patch antenna have been manufactured for the experimental verification, using a curved 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) substrate, fabricated with the commercial 3D printer PRUSA MK3S + and a $50\mu \text{m}$ -thick adhesive aluminum tape for the metallization. Measured results show a very good agreement with simulations.
Resonant Raman spectroscopy of 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride epitaxial films

Fachbereich Physik, Theoretische Physik, Universita¨t Gesamthochschule Paderborn, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany~Received 6 July 1999; revised manuscript received 7 December 1999! We present a comprehensive investigation of Raman-active modes of 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride ~PTCDA! thin ﬁlms deposited on H-passivated Si~111! substrates. The experimental data areinterpreted with a density-functional tight-binding scheme used for calculating the geometry and vibrationalmodes of the isolated molecule. These results for the breathing modes are applied to the optical absorption ofPTCDA in solution, and the vibrational absorption bands can be related quantitatively to the elongation of themost prominent Raman modes during the highest occupied molecular orbital to lowest unoccupied molecularorbital transition. From a comparison of the calculated deformation of negatively charged PTCDA
Stroke and the risk of gastrointestinal disorders: A Mendelian randomization study

Background The issue of whether a stroke is causally related to gastrointestinal disorders was still not satisfactorily understood. Therefore, we investigated if there is a connection between stroke and the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, including peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods We applied two-sample Mendelian randomization to investigate relationships with gastrointestinal disorders. We obtained genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of any stroke, ischemic stroke, and its subtypes from the MEGASTROKE consortium. From the International Stroke Genetics Consortium (ISGC) meta-analysis, we acquired GWAS summary information on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), including all ICH, deep ICH, and lobar ICH. Several sensitivity studies were performed to identify heterogeneity and pleiotropy, while inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was utilized as the most dominant estimate. Results No evidence for an effect of genetic predisposition to ischemic stroke and its subtypes on gastrointestinal disorders were found in IVW. The complications of deep ICH are a higher risk for PUD and GERD. Meanwhile, lobar ICH has a higher risk of complications for PUD. Conclusion This study provides proof of the presence of a brain–gut axis. Among the complications of ICH, PUD and GERD were more common and associated with the site of hemorrhage.
A Domain-Decomposition Method for Airfoil Flutter Analysis

A direct method is used to compute flutter boundaries for a NACA 64A006 airfoil with pitch-and-plunge structural coupling at transonic freestream Mach numbers assuming inviscid flow. The method is more efficient than previous implementations; performance is improved through a new composition of the governing equations and a new decomposition of the computational domain. The algorithm solves an extended form of the Euler equations for the aeroelastic state at flutter onset, including flutter speed, flow solution and destabilizing eigenmode. The direct approach is seen to be orders of magnitude faster than an explicit, time-integration technqiue in predicting flutter speeds, and provides a relatively automated procedure that does not require bracketing of the flutter boundary, as true of time-domain techniques. Flutter speeds are obtained for a NACA 64A006 airfoil with 25% trailingedge flap through the transonic-dip regime. Solutions are also reported for this airfoil at angle-of-atta ck. A sensitivity study is performed to assess the dependence of algorithm performance on subdomain quantity for decomposition in one computational coordinate.
MODELING OF FINANCIAL MARKETS WITH INSIDE INFORMATION IN CONTINUOUS TIME

We give a survey about the different approaches to model financial markets with inside information in continuous time. In particular, we consider the Karatzas–Pikovsky, Kyle–Back and the weak Kyle–Back approach. These three types of modeling are based on the enlargement of filtration problem, which we explain with some examples and use it for these three modeling approaches.
Wave propagation in anisotropic, saturated porous media: Plane‐wave theory and numerical simulation

Porous media are anisotropic due to bedding, compaction, and the presence of aligned microcracks and fractures. Here, it is assumed that the skeleton (and not the solid itself) is anisotropic. The rheological model also includes anisotropic tortuosity and permeability. The poroelastic equations are based on a transversely isotropic extension of Biot’s theory, and the problem is of plane strain type, i.e., two dimensional, describing qP−qS propagation. In the high‐frequency case, the (two) viscodynamic operators are approximated by Zener relaxation functions that allow a closed differential formulation of Biot’s equation of motion. A plane‐wave analysis derives expressions for the slowness, attenuation, and energy velocity vectors, and quality factor for homogeneous viscoelastic waves. The slow wave shows an anomalous polarization behavior. In particular, when the medium is strongly anisotropic the polarization is quasishear and the wave presents cuspidal triangles. Anisotropic tortuosity affects mainly th.
Ordinal optimization for deterministic and stochastic discrete resource allocation

We consider a class of discrete resource allocation problems which are hard due to the combinatorial explosion of the feasible allocation search space. In addition, if no closed-form expressions are available for the cost function of interest, one needs to evaluate or (for stochastic environments) estimate the cost function through direct online observation or through simulation. For the deterministic version of this class of problems, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a globally optimal solution and present an online algorithm which we show to yield a global optimum. For the stochastic version, we show that an appropriately modified algorithm, analyzed as a Markov process, converges in probability to the global optimum. An important feature of this algorithm is that it is driven by ordinal estimates of a cost function, i.e., simple comparisons of estimates, rather than their cardinal values. We can therefore exploit the fast convergence properties of ordinal comparisons, as well as eliminate the need for "step size" parameters whose selection is always difficult in optimization schemes. An application to a stochastic discrete resource allocation problem is included, illustrating the main features of our approach.
DIRECT OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE OF FILAMENT MATERIAL WITHIN INTERPLANETARY CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are explosive events that escape the Sun's corona carrying solar material and energy into the heliosphere. The classic picture of a CME observed in the corona presents a “three-part structure,” including a bright front at the leading edge indicating dense plasma, a low-density cavity, the possible signature of an embedded magnetic flux rope, and the so-called core, a high-density region observed to be associated with an erupting filament. Although there are experimental analogs to the first two parts of the CME when observed in situ, there are only a handful of in situ observations of cold, filament-type plasma. This has been a source of major uncertainty and qualitative disagreement between remote and in situ observations of these ejecta. We present the first comprehensive and long-term survey of such low charge states observed by the Advanced Composition Explorer Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer, using a novel data analysis process developed to identify ions with low ionic charge states. Using a very stringent set of observational signatures, we find that more than 4% of detected interplanetary CMEs have significant contributions of ions with low charge states. These time periods of low-charge ions often occur concurrent with some of the hottest ions, previously interpreted to be affected by flare heating during the CME initiation.
Insomnia among Cancer Patients in the Real World: Optimising Treatments and Tailored Therapies

Background: Insomnia is commonly reported by cancer patients. Its multifaceted pathophysiology makes this symptom a complex challenge for the clinician, who should bear in mind the manifold world of causes and consequences of sleep disturbances in these patients and the importance of accurate treatment that should consider the frequent co-prescription of multiple medications. With our work, we aim to provide a tool to better master the treatment of this symptom in cancer patients, considering the gap between clinical and pharmacodynamic knowledge about the efficacy of different molecules and evidence-based prescribing. Methods: A narrative review of the studies investigating the pharmacological treatment of insomnia in cancer patients was conducted. Three hundred and seventy-six randomised controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses were identified through PubMed. Only publications that investigated the efficacy of the pharmacological treatment of insomnia symptoms in cancer patient were considered. Results: Among the 376 publications that were individuated, fifteen studies were eligible for inclusion in the review and were described. Pharmacological treatments were outlined, with a broad look at specific clinical situations. Conclusions: The management of insomnia in cancer patients should be personalised, as is already the case for the treatment of pain, taking into account both the pathophysiology and the other medical treatments prescribed to these patients.
The lower critical field of high-temperature superconductors

In view of continuing problems with a reliable assessment of the lower critical field in high-temperature superconductors (HTSs), especially at low temperatures, a new experimental programme on several single crystalline HTSs has been started. Employing superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and novel measuring and evaluation techniques, precise information on the first penetration field can be obtained and used to extract the lower critical field . In most cases, is smaller than previously reported, follows a smooth temperature dependence down to the lowest temperatures investigated (usually 5 K) and can be reasonably well described by Bardeen - Cooper - Schrieffer theory.
Circle Extensions of Zd‐Rotations on the d‐Dimensional Torus

Let T be an ergodic and free Zdrotation on the d‐dimensional torus Td given by T(m1,…,md)(z1,…,zd)=(e2πi(α11m1+…+α1dmd)z1,…,e2πi(αd1m1+…+αddmd)zd),
The dissipation and shear dispersion of entropy waves in combustor thermoacoustics

Abstract This paper considers the effect of flow advection on entropy waves. The interest is in whether entropy waves persist in gas turbine combustors, between the flame, where they are generated, and the combustor exit, where their acceleration generates acoustic waves (known as ‘entropy noise’ or ‘indirect combustion noise’). Entropy wave advection within a simplified fully developed turbulent channel-flow simulation is investigated. Entropy wave dissipation is found to be negligible, with loss of entropy wave strength caused predominantly by mean flow shear dispersion. The impulse response of entropy perturbations downstream of where they are generated is shown to be well modelled by a Gaussian profile in time. This yields a (different) Gaussian form for the inlet–outlet transfer function of entropy perturbations. For representative gas turbine flows, the magnitude of this transfer function is such that significant entropy wave strength will remain at the combustor exit, confirming that entropy-generated acoustic waves are likely to be important.
Numerical simulation of coupled transient thermal and electromagnetic fields with the finite integration method

A consistent iterative method for the simultaneous discretization of Maxwell's equations and of the heat conduction equation in weakly coupled systems is presented. The algorithm is an implementation of the finite integration method combined with both explicit and implicit FDTD schemes for the transient analysis. The validity of the method is demonstrated in the simple example of a lossy dielectric cylinder subject to microwave and radiant heating in a microwave cavity. In a second example, the implications of nonlinear coupling on the transient field solutions are discussed.
Stepwise Crystalline Structural Transformation in 0D Hybrid Antimony Halides with Triplet Turn-on and Color-Adjustable Luminescence Switching

Intelligent stimuli-responsive fluorescence materials are extremely pivotal for fabricating luminescent turn-on switching in solid-state photonic integration technology, but it remains a challenging objective for typical 3-dimensional (3D) perovskite nanocrystals. Herein, by fine-tuning the accumulation modes of metal halide components to dynamically control the carrier characteristics, a novel triple-mode photoluminescence (PL) switching was realized in 0D metal halide through stepwise single-crystal to single-crystal (SC-SC) transformation. Specifically, a family of 0D hybrid antimony halides was designed to exhibit three distinct types of PL performance including nonluminescent [Ph3EtP]2Sb2Cl8 (1), yellow-emissive [Ph3EtP]2SbCl5·EtOH (2), and red-emissive [Ph3EtP]2SbCl5 (3). Upon stimulus of ethanol, 1 was successfully converted to 2 through SC-SC transformation with enhanced PL quantum yield from ~0% to 91.50% acting as “turn-on” luminescent switching. Meanwhile, reversible SC-SC and luminescence transformation between 2 and 3 can be also achieved in the ethanol impregnation–heating process as luminescence vapochromism switching. As a consequence, a new triple-model turn-on and color-adjustable luminescent switching of off–onI–onII was realized in 0D hybrid halides. Simultaneously, wide advanced applications were also achieved in anti-counterfeiting, information security, and optical logic gates. This novel photon engineering strategy is expected to deepen the understanding of dynamic PL switching mechanism and guide development of new smart luminescence materials in cutting-edge optical switchable device.