Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photoproduction of A(1405) and Σ0(1385) on the proton at Ey = 1.5-2.4 GeV

Differential cross sections for γp → K + Λ(1405) and γp → K + Σ 0 (1385) reactions have been measured in the photon energy range from 1.5 to 2.4 GeV and the angular range of 0.8 < cos(Ξ) < 1.0 for the K + scattering angle in the center-of-mass system. This data is the first measurement of the A(1405) photoproduction cross section. The line shapes of A(1405) measured in Σ + π - and Σ - π + decay modes were different with each other, indicating a strong interference of the isospin 0 and 1 terms of the Σπ scattering amplitudes. The ratios of A(1405) production to Σ 0 (1385) production were measured in two photon energy ranges: near the production threshold (1.5 < E γ < 2.0 GeV) and far from it (2.0 < Ey < 2.4 GeV). The observed ratio decreased in the higher photon energy region, which may suggest different production mechanisms and internal structures for these hyperon resonances.
The Chemical Space from Which the Periodic System Arose

Mendeleev came across with his first attempt to a periodic system by classifying and ordering the known elements by 1869. Order and similarity were based on knowledge of chemical compounds, which gathered together constitute the chemical space by 1869. Despite its importance, very little is known about the size and diversity of this space and even less is known about its influence upon Mendeleev's periodic system. Here we show, by analysing 11.484 substances reported in the scientific literature up to 1869 and stored in Reaxys database, that 80\% of the space was accounted by 12 elements, oxygen and hydrogen being those with most compounds. We found that the space included more than 2,000 combinations of elements, of which 5\%, made of organogenic elements, gathered half of the substances of the space. By exploring the temporal report of compounds containing typical molecular fragments, we found that Meyer's and Mendeleev's available chemical space had a balance of organic, inorganic and organometallic compounds, which was, after 1830, drastically overpopulated by organic substances. The size and diversity of the space show that knowledge of organogenic elements sufficed to have a panoramic idea of the space. We determined similarities among the 60 elements known by 1869 taking into account the resemblance of their combinations and we found that Meyer's and Mendeleev's similarities for the chemical elements agree to a large extent with the similarities allowed by the chemical space.
Involutive Heegaard Floer Homology and Homology Cobordism

In this thesis, we present several results regarding the application of Heegaard Floer theory to the homology cobordism group. The majority of our work is concerned with giving a structural understanding of the involutive Heegaard Floer homology for linear combinations of Seifert fibered spaces. As an application, we show that if Y is a linear combination of Seifert fibered homology spheres with μ(Y ) = 1, then Y is not torsion in the homology cobordism group. We also discuss what can be said about the Pin(2)-equivariant monopole Floer homology of Seifert fibered spaces using our techniques. These results give a possible approach towards showing that Seifert fibered spaces do not generate the homology cobordism group.
On Longitudinal Item Response Theory Models: A Didactic

Recent work on measuring growth with categorical outcome variables has combined the item response theory (IRT) measurement model with the latent growth curve model and extended the assessment of growth to multidimensional IRT models and higher order IRT models. However, there is a lack of synthetic studies that clearly evaluate the strength and limitations of different multilevel IRT models for measuring growth. This study aims to introduce the various longitudinal IRT models, including the longitudinal unidimensional IRT model, longitudinal multidimensional IRT model, and longitudinal higher order IRT model, which cover a broad range of applications in education and social science. Following a comparison of the parameterizations, identification constraints, strengths, and weaknesses of the different models, a real data example is provided to illustrate the application of different longitudinal IRT models to model students’ growth trajectories on multiple latent abilities.
Recent progress in filtered Rayleigh scattering: Towards the simultaneous acquisition of pressure, temperature and three-component velocity fields

The filtered Rayleigh scattering technique extended by the method of frequency scanning offers a viable option to efficiently characterize the aero-thermal properties of technical flows. The first part of the study is concerned with the identification and treatment of detrimental effects towards the methods uncertainty budget. Presented background correction as well as a novel approach with regard to the Rayleigh scattering's spectral distribution yields measurement accuracies for pressure, temperature and flow velocity below 15 hPa, 2.5 K and 2.7 m/s, respectively. Based on an observation of the plane of interest from multiple views, an FRS velocimeter is brought into use, which is capable to simultaneously acquire pressure, temperature as well as three-component velocity maps.
Principles of the Quantum Control of Molecular Processes

Preface.Preliminaries of the Interaction of Light with Matter.Weak-Field Photodissociation.Weak-Field Coherent Control.Optimal Control Theory.Decoherence and Loss of Control.Case Studies in Coherent Control.Coherent Control of Bimolecular Processes.Coherent Control of the Synthesis and Purification of Chiral Molecules.Coherent Control Beyond the Weak-Field Regime: Bound States and Resonances.Photodissociation Beyond the Weak-Field Regime.Coherent Control Beyond the Weak-Field Regime: The Continuum.Strong-Field Coherent Control.Case Studies in Optimal Control.References. Author Index.Subject Index.
Phase-Induced Frequency Conversion and Doppler Effect With Time-Modulated Metasurfaces

Metasurfaces consisting of electrically thin and densely packed planar arrays of subwavelength elements enable an unprecedented control of the impinging electromagnetic fields. Spatially modulated metasurfaces can efficiently tailor the spatial distribution of these fields with great flexibility. Similarly, time-modulated metasurfaces can be successfully used to manipulate the frequency content and time variations in the impinging field. In this article, we present time-modulated reflective metasurfaces that cause a frequency shift to the impinging radiation, thus realizing an artificial Doppler effect in a nonmoving electrically thin structure. Starting from the theoretical analysis, we analytically derive the required time modulation of the surface admittance to achieve this effect and present a realistic time-varying structure, based on a properly designed and dynamically tuned high-impedance surface. It is analytically and numerically demonstrated that the field emerging from the metasurface is up-/down-converted in frequency according to the modulation profile of the metasurface. The proposed metasurface concept, enabling a frequency modulation of the electromagnetic field “on-the-fly,” may find application in telecommunication, radar, and sensing scenarios.
Analysis of factors associated with Grant for PCT national phase entries patent: a mathematical model

We developed a multivariate linear regression model to analyze factors associated with Grant for PCT national phase entries patent, in order to identify patentability success indicators.Information was gathered from the Eurostat and World Intellectual Property Indicators databases (period 2004-2014). Thre regression model were constructed using as response variable: Grant for PCT national phase entries patent in the national phase and considering 11 variables related to R&D funding and research personnel as predictor varia-bles. Multivariate linear regression models were estimated using the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The most influential predictive variables were: Total R&D personnel and researchers by performance sectors, sex and fields of science. The regression coefficient was 0.001 with (P <0.05). In conclusion, the mathematical model shows that the most effective predictors of patent-ability are qualified R&D personnel.
The Amber Alert: The Appropriate Solution to Preventing Child Abduction?

Both recent and past reported crimes against children have led the public to demand further safeguards for children. Media broadcasts of a rash of child abductions, molestations and homicides have led to a nationwide moral panic concerning the safety of children. The Amber Alert is the most recent form of legislation that has resulted from the public's concerns over child molestation and abduction. This paper outlines the history and activation process of the Amber Alert, as well as the challenges and advantages experienced by the agencies involved. A review of the Amber Alert provides the reader with information about the recently enacted legislation and answers questions on its applicability at the municipal, state and federal levels. Exposing both the practical drawbacks and the advantages allows both practitioners and academics to decide whether the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.
Hunter Syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis II) - The Signs and Symptoms a Neurologist Needs to Know

Hunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis II) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of the enzyme iduronate-2sulfatase. The condition is one of a group of disorders, the mucopolysaccharidoses, which all result in accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. Hunter syndrome is a chronic progressive disorder whose clinical manifestations vary widely in severity and involve multiple organs and tissues. In addition to developing somatic symptoms, patients having the neuronopathic form of the disease also display developmental delay and cognitive impairment in early childhood that progressively worsens and that is severely life-limiting. Patients are at risk of developing secondary neurological manifestations, including hydrocephalus, vision and hearing loss, carpal tunnel syndrome and spinal cord compression. Common findings from brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and at autopsy include neurodegenerative changes in white matter, the corpus callosum and basal ganglia; enlargement of periventricular spaces; ventriculomegaly; closed cephaloceles; and tissue atrophy. Though at present there is no specific treatment for the neurodegenerative aspects of the disease, hydrocephalus, carpal tunnel syndrome and spinal cord compression can be managed surgically. Patients who have Hunter syndrome should receive coordinated care from a multidisciplinary team: in light of the extensive neurological symptoms of the disease, neurologists play an important role in the diagnosis and management of this condition.
Influence of shiftwork on association between body mass index and lifestyle or dietary habits in female nurses and caregivers.

本研究は, 交代制勤務を伴う看護師および介護士の食習慣と生活時間に関する実態を明らかにすることを目的とした。 介護老人保健施設および病院に勤務する女性職員のうち, 看護師あるいは介護士134名を対象に, 食習慣・生活時間に関する自記式アンケート調査を行った。 その結果, 夜勤を含む交代制勤務者は, 日勤勤務者よりも「菓子類」および「嗜好飲料」の摂取量が多かった。 また, 交代制勤務者の生活時間は勤務形態によって異なり, 夜勤入り日, 夜勤明け日は日勤日と比較して朝食と昼食の欠食者が有意に多かった。 さらに, 交代制勤務経験年数とBMIの間には有意な正の相関がみられ, 交代制勤務者における食習慣・生活時間とBMIは密接に関連することが示唆された。
Stabilizing Filters for High-Order Implicit Large Eddy Simulation

High-order Flux Reconstruction (FR) schemes can simulate unsteady turbulent flows using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) in the vicinity of complex geometries. The application of FR schemes can be limited by non-linear instabilities, related to oscillatory behaviour of the element-wise numerical solution, causing nonphysical solutions. In this study, filtering is studied for hexagonal element types and solution polynomial of degrees 3, 4, and 5 at different Mach numbers ranging from 0.1 to 0.5. A new exponential filtering function is applied globally to all elements and artificially damps high-frequency oscillations to improve numerical stability. Numerous numerical tests have been performed to investigate different parameters in the exponential filtering function. The optimum set of these parameters is obtained such that the highest solution polynomial modes are damped while the lower ones remain untouched to preserve accuracy. The solution polynomial is filtered after each time step; however, the filtering operator is defined, through the concept of characteristic time, to be independent of the time-step size. The exponential filter has been implemented and rigorously studied to evaluate its accuracy. To verify the order of accuracy, advection of an isentropic vortex has been analyzed. To study accuracy for LES, the Taylor-Green vortex test case is studied as a free turbulent flow. Finally, a previously unstable wall-bounded turbulent channel flow test case along with a NACA0020 airfoil at high angle of attack are considered to study the effects of the proposed filtering on stability and accuracy of practical applications.
Throughput-Optimal H-QMW Scheduling for Hybrid Wireless Networks With Persistent and Dynamic Flows

The well-known Queue-length-based MaxWeight scheduling algorithm (QMW) has been proved to be throughput-optimal for persistent flows only, which are long-lived with infinite traffic arrival. If the flows are dynamic ones, i.e., short-lived with finite data to transmit, QMW cannot guarantee queue stability. Given future wireless networks may support both persistent machine-to-machine flows and dynamic human-to-human flows, a Flow (File) Delay based MaxWeight scheduling algorithm (F-D-MW) has been shown to be throughput-optimal. However, new flows have to suffer a long start-up latency after arriving in the system. In this work, we present the definition of the capacity region for hybrid systems with the coexistence of persistent and dynamic flows. First, when a new arrival dynamic flow classification is known, we propose an online Hybrid Queue-length-based MaxWeight (H-QMW) scheduling algorithm, and then propose a more realistic adaptive H-QMW (A-H-QMW) scheduling algorithm for the system without the knowledge of the classification of flows. We prove that H-QMW can achieve throughput-optimality for hybrid systems. Performance evaluation not only validates the throughput-optimality of H-QMW and A-H-QMW in various types of networks but also reveals that H-QMW and A-H-QMW can achieve lower start-up and total latency for dynamic flows than F-D-MW.
Beyond the Basics: The Organization and Coordination of Multicenter Trials

Summary: There has been an emergence of larger-scale collaborative multicenter trials in surgery. These larger trials have the advantage of increased generalizability of the results and the potential for large-scale and efficient recruitment. The successful conduct of multicenter trials requires experienced leadership, careful trial organization, a dedicated coordinating center, and motivated participating investigators. This article aims to highlight important issues in the organization of large collaborative trials. We emphasize the development of trial committees, methods and coordinating center, and roles of investigators at participating sites.
PENERAPAN BLENDED LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PAI MATERI SEJARAH BANI UMAIYAH KELAS VIII SMPN 3 PONTIANAK

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pembelajaran yang masih konvensional dan kurang inovatif. Oleh karena itu, penerapan pembelajaran blended learning dengan prosedur yang benar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh blended learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PAI materi sejarah Bani Umaiyah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan dua siklus dan masing-masing siklus dilakukan dengan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Penerapan blended learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar pada aspek kognitif, hal ini dapat dilihat dari kenaikan hasil belajar dari siklus ke siklus berikutnya. Sebelum diterapkannya blended learning di pra-siklus dilakukan uji coba tes kepada 29 siswa dan hanya 3,45% siswa yang tuntas, berarti ada 96,55% siswa yang belum tuntas. Pada siklus 1 dilakukan tindakan dengan menerapkan blended learning, maka siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 55,17% dan siswa yang belum tuntas sebanyak 44,83%. Pada siklus 2 dilakukan tindakan yang sama, yaitu dengan menerapkan blended learning, maka siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 86,21% dan siswa yang belum tuntas sebesar 13,79%. Dengan demikian, pembelajaran dengan menerapkan blended learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
Incidence of Post-Operative Hypocalcaemia after Thyroidectomy: A Case Control Study

Introduction: Hypocalcaemia is a feared complication of total thyroidectomy. Common symptoms of hypocalcaemia like numbness and tingling carpopedal spasm occurs in the post-operative period due to primary parathyroid deficiency or due to relative causes like dehydration or transient ischemia. Aim of the study is to see the occurrence of post-operative hypocalcaemia in patients undergoing thyroid surgeries. Material and methods: It is a case control study undertaken in a tertiary teaching hospital over a one year period 40 patients were included in the study and 100 cases were taken as control after satisfying definite inclusion and exclusion criteria. Serum ionized calcium levels were assessed on post-operative day 1, 2, and 3 and also the clinical features of hypocalcaemia were looked for in both cases and controls. Results: Results obtained were tabulated and analyzed 52.9% of patients were more than 40 years of age and there was female preponderance. 24% of patients developed hypocalcaemia on the first post-operative day. 40% of patients had symptoms of hypocalcaemia on post-operative day 1 and 50% developed symptoms on post-operative day 2. Conclusion: Symptomatically and statistically significant post-operative hypocalcaemia is most common in the first and second post- operative days but prompt diagnosis is possible to institute treatment. Keyword: Ionized calcium levels, Post-operative, Thyroidectomy
Sub-Doppler Spectroscopy of Cs Atoms Optically Pumped in a Thin Cell

Optical pumping in a thin Cs vapor cell (end-wall gap 0.5–10 mm) transfers only atoms with small velocity components to a certain energy state. The non-Maxwellian velocity distribution is detected as a hyperfine-resolved spectrum by a double resonance technique using diode lasers. The observed spectral profiles are quantitatively reproduced by the rate-equation analysis in which the velocity-dependent surface relaxation process is taken into account.
PENGEMBANGAN SOAL KIMIA HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS BERBASIS KOMPUTER DENGAN WONDERSHARE QUIZ CREATOR MATERI HIDROLISIS GARAM DAN LARUTAN PENYANGGA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas serta kelayakan soal-soal kimia kategori HOTS yang dikembangkan pada materi hidrolisis garam dan larutan penyangga dengan menggunakan Wondershare Quiz Creator. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan model 3-D yang telah dimodifikasi dari model 4-D. Subjek penelitian adalah 32 orang mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Syiah Kuala angkatan 2016. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar validasi penilaian kualitas soal, kelayakam media, angket tanggapan mahasiswa, dan kualitas butir soal. Hasil uji kelayakan soal oleh tim ahli materi dan hasil validasi telah memiliki kriteria sangat layak dengan skor masing-masing sebesar 85,0% dan 99,7%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis butir soal diperoleh soal valid sebesar 80% dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,763. Tingkat kesulitan soal dengan kategori mudah, sedang, dan sulit berturut-turut 15,0%, 75,0%, dan 10,0%. Daya beda soal dengan kategori baik sebesar 55,0% dan kategori cukup sebanyak 45,0%. Pengecoh soal yang berfungsi dengan baik sebesar 62,5%. Soal HOTS ini mendapat tanggapan positif sebesar 93,3%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa soal kimia materi hidrolisis dan larutan penyangga kategori HOTS berbasis komputer memiliki kualitas soal yang baik dan sangat layak digunakan sebagai tes hasil belajar.
Least squares analysis of complex data with applications to permittivity measurements

A method is described for fitting complex data to a given function, with particular emphasis on the case where the fitting parameters are periodic. A procedure is given for the fitting of data when the relationship between the observed variables and the functional variables cannot be solved explicitly. The method is illustrated by two examples taken from the field of dielectrics. These are the analysis of complex permittivity results and the calculation of the complex propagation constant of a liquid contained in a dielectric cell.
Changes of Substance P, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Mast Cell in Colonic Mucosa of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Background: The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still unclear. Aims: To investigate the changes of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and mast cell (MC) in colonic mucosa of patients with IBS, and to study their possible roles in IBS. Methods: Twenty diarrhea-predominant IBS patients, 22 constipation-predominant IBS patients and 18 normal controls were enrolled. SP and VIP were studied by immunohistochemistry, and the number of MC was counted in two biopsied sections from ileocecal and sigmoid colonic mucosa. Results: Immunoreactive nerve fibers of SP and VIP were markedly higher in density and degree in both ileocecal and sigmoid colonic mucosa in IBS group than those in normal control group (P0.05). No significant differences in immunoreactive nerve fibers of SP and VIP were found between sigmoid colonic and ileocecal mucosa in IBS patients. Compared with normal control group, the number of MC in ileocecal mucosa in IBS patients was significantly increased (P0.01), but no significant difference was found in sigmoid colonic mucosa in IBS patients. The number of MC in sigmoid colonic mucosa was markedly lower than that in ileocecal mucosa in IBS patients (P0.01). Conclusions: SP, VIP and MC play some roles in the pathogenesis of IBS.
Studies on semiparametric spatial regression models

In this thesis, I study estimations and inferences for semiparametric spatial regression models and generalized geoadditive models (GgAMs). I use the bivariate penalized spline over triangulation (BPST) method in these models to incorporate the spatial information when it is available. There are three topics in the thesis. In the first topic, we try to develop a sparse-partially linear spatial regression model (S-PLSM) using a doubly penalized estimator to select and estimate the most significant linear covariates. We apply BPST to approximate a bivariate function over a spatial domain. A standard error formula is constructed to estimate the standard deviation of the estimators, which is tested by simulation studies. We show the consistency of our sparse estimator with asymptotic normality. An application to United States mortality illustrates improvements in estimation and prediction from the use of our estimator relative to other methods. In the second topic, a generalized version of PLSM (GPLSM) is developed to allow a nonlinear link function relating the covariates to the mean of the response variables. This extension allows our method to deal with non-continuous response variables, such as count and binary variables. The iteratively reweighted least square (IRLS) algorithm helps to achieve the computational efficiency of our estimator. The consistency of the proposed estimator is proved with a convergence rate. A standard error formula is developed to construct confidence intervals for the linear estimator. A crash frequency real data analysis demonstrates the accuracy in estimation and prediction for GPLSM. In the last topic, I build an R package, GgAM, which integrates model structure identification process, estimation methods, statistical inference tools of GgAMs together. We develop a semiparametric version of GgAM by adding a linear part into nonparametric GgAMs. This model shares the benefits from univariate splines, bivariate splines and local polynomials. A penalized