Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphic reservoir compartmentalization: causes, recognition, and implications for the geological storage of carbon dioxide

9 The impact of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in mitigating anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse 10 gases is potentially great, but its success is strongly dependent on identifying suitable geological 11 storage sites. One of the key uncertainties in this regard is the degree of compartmentalization of the 12 target storage horizon. Many studies have examined reservoir compartmentalization in oil and gas 13 fields and its implications to hydrocarbon production, but few have looked at compartmentalization 14 from the perspective of CCS storativity. Using case studies from the oil and gas industry, this paper 15 examines the predictability of reservoir compartmentalization and the techniques used to assess it. It 16 then focusses on stratigraphic compartmentalization in saline aquifers, a major category of potential 17 carbon storage sites, examining in particular the Triassic Bunter Sandstone Formation of the UK 18 North Sea. It is clear that the analysis of stratigraphic, seismic and fluid compositional data can 19 provide early evidence of reservoir compartmentalization. The available data indicate that the Bunter 20 Sandstone has a low risk of stratigraphic and structural compartmentalization. However, the presence 21 of compartments in oil and gas fields is often confirmed only once well production data are available. 22 As such, though the broad likelihood of compartmentalization in a CCS site can be forecasted, 23 understanding its exact nature may be dependent on injection data. 24
Single Dose and Multi Dose Screening Assay of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Rice Leaf Roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guen

Of the different microbes, the entomopathogenic fungi having the ability to breach insect cuticle and enter insect body to cause infection in both chewing and sucking insects are considered as promising candidates in biocontrol programmes. Food security is a critical issue. In Asia, where the main caloric intake of people comes from rice, its production is also crucial. Insect pests that ravage the rice crop are one of the impediments in maximising its production. The crop is prone to the attack of the leaf roller, C. medinalis which appear in the vegetative phase as well as in the panicle initiation to booting stages cause 63 to 80 per cent yield loss. Even today, to contain them toxic insecticides are mainly depended upon. Henceforth, safer management strategies incorporating biocontrol agents are warranted in rice crop too to ward off the adversities of insecticides. As information pertaining to pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungi to rice pests is meager, studies are absolutely essential in this line. Temperature and relative humidity are the two physical factors having much impact on the development of fungal International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Captures of the night shark Carcharhinus signatus by surface longliners along the southern Brazilian coast

Size composition of the night shark Carcharhinus signatus, caught by the pelagic longline fishery off the southeastern and southern Brazil, was described. Data were obtained from national longliners landings in Itajaí and Navegantes Fishing Terminal (State of Santa Catarina, Brazil), from sea-observers cruises aboard this commercial fleet, and by research vessels longline cruises between 1996 and 2008. The size composition caught by the commercial fleet was estimated through the conversion of carcass weight (cw) into fork length (FL). Additionally, the relative abundance level of this species was analyzed with its spatial and temporal variables. Total and fishing mortality were also estimated from catch curves. Catches were concentrated over the slope, between 500 and 4 000 meters deep, but they were also recorded over seamounts. Commercial catches were composed mainly of juveniles (between 100 and 120 cm FL), which represented 64.6 % of the total individuals (n = 5 522). The largest proportion of juveniles occurred in fall, with 74.4% from 1997 to 2002. The variables that produced a significant effect over the relative abundance (p<0.05) were the year, the season and the type of bait. Relative abundance declined over the years, and similar behavior was observed in each fishing vessel individually. Yields were higher in spring, when the bait was squid. Mortality estimates, obtained from catch curves, indicated a mean value of 29% deaths per year, while 15% were by natural causes and 14% by fishing.
Improving the quality of housing and reducing overcrowding in combination with providing penicillin for early manage‐

In cardiovascular disorders, the myocardium may be subjected to the breakdown and remodeling of collagen by metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9). We hypothesized that the serum MMP‐9 concentration may be elevated in pediatric patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and heart failure (HF), and its level can be correlated with the HF severity. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of MMP‐9 to predict HF in children with RHD and to determine its effectiveness as an indicator of the degree of HF. This study included 98 consecutive children admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Zagazig University Hospital, Al Sharqia Governorate, Egypt with newly diagnosed RHD. Their ages ranged from 8.5 to 16 years. Fifty‐eight children had RHD without HF while 40 children were complicated with HF which was diagnosed clinically and by echocardiography. A total of 44 healthy children were enrolled as a control group. MMP‐9 serum levels were estimated by enzyme‐linked immunosor‐ bent assay. The serum MMP‐9 concentration was higher in the RHD without HF and RHD with HF groups than this level noted in the control (P<0.001). MMP‐9 was a significant predictor of HF; area under the curve (AUC)=0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76‐0.94]. At the level of 386.9 ng/ml, MMP‐9 detected HF with a sensitivity 95% (95% CI, 83.08‐99.39), specificity 74.14% (95% CI, 60.96‐84.74), positive predictive value 71.70% (95% CI, 61.96‐79.75), negative predictive value 95.56% (95% CI, 84.67‐98.82) and accuracy 82.65% (95% CI, 73.69‐89.56). In addition, MMP‐9 showed a significant nega‐ tive correlation with ejection fraction and fractional shortening (P=0.01 and P=0.02, respectively). In conclusion; MMP‐9 may be an independent sensitive marker with which to detect HF in children with RHD and it can predict the prognoses of these patients as it correlates with the severity of HF. Further studies considering MMP‐9 in the detection of ‘silent’ RHD in school aged children and asymptomatic HF in children with known RHD especially in rural areas, are highly recommended.
Impact of Climate Variability on Crop Diversification in West African countries

This paper analyses the impact of climate variability on cereal, root, and tuber crops diversification for selected West Africa countries during the period 19652014. Crop diversification index, lumping together cereal, root and tuber crops, was calculated through the Composite Entropy Index. Climate variability is measured by the coefficient of variation of temperature and precipitation. A POLICY BRIEF Impact of Climate Variability on Crop Diversification in West African countries Aboua Angui Christian Dorgelès Kevin1 November 2020 / No. 725 1 Faculty of Economics and Management, Lecturer at the University Jean Lorougnon Guede of Daloa (Cote d’Ivoire) Researcher at the CAPEC, Tel: (+225) 07 01 07 34 / (+225) 03 14 84 64; E-mail: christy.aboua@
Activated Carbon From Winemaking Waste: Thermoeconomic Analsys for Large-Scale Production

An activated carbon manufacturing process using winemaking waste is analyzed and designed at industrial scale. Starting from experimental research, the chemical transformations and thermodynamics during pruning wood conversion are studied as a basis for plant design. In this way, mass and energy balances of hydrothermal carbonization and physical activation are fulfilled and a thermoeconomic methodology is applied to develop an energy-integrated plant. To achieve this target, a network of heat exchangers is allocated to minimize heat consumption and supply hot domestic water, while a cogeneration cycle is designed to provide electricity and satisfy the remaining heat demand. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the influence of the production scale and other operation parameters, such as annual workload, service life, and capital and feedstock costs, on the economic viability of the plant. The energy balance of the plant indicates that the energy integration design manages to provide 48.9% of the overall process energy demand by crossing hot and cold streams and recovering heat from residual flue gas. On the other hand, the exergy cost analysis identifies the combustion of pruning wood used to provide heat demands as the main source of exergy destruction, confirming the suitability of integration to improve the thermodynamic performance. Including activated carbon production, electricity, and hot domestic water, the exergy efficiency of the plant stands at 11.5%.
In harm's way? Infrastructure investments and thepersistence of coastal cities

Coasts contain a disproportionate share of the world's population, reflecting historical advantages, but environmental change threatens a reversal of coastal fortune in the coming decades as natural disasters intensify and sea levels rise. This thesis considers whether large infrastructure investments should continue to favour coastal areas. I use a dynamic spatial equilibrium framework and detailed georeferenced data from Vietnam to examine this issue and find evidence that coastal favouritism has significant costs. Road investments concentrated in coastal regions between 2000 and 2010 had positive returns but would have been outperformed by allocations concentrated further inland even in the absence of sea level rise. Future inundation renders the status quo significantly less efficient. Under a central sea level rise scenario, welfare gains 72% higher could have been achieved by a foresighted allocation avoiding the most vulnerable regions. The results highlight the importance of accounting for the dynamic effects of environmental change in deciding where to allocate infrastructure today.
Effect of Different Intensities of Ultrasound on Pain and Myoelectric Activities of Upper Trapezius Myofascial Trigger Points

Purpose: Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-power pain threshold ultrasound versus conventional ultrasound on upper trapezius myofascial trigger points. Method: Seventy participants with active trigger points were randomly divided into three groups, groups A, B and C. Group A (n=23) received high-power pain threshold ultrasound twice/week for two weeks. Group B (n=24) received conventional ultrasound twice/week for four weeks. Group C (n=23) (control group) received sham ultrasound twice/ week for four weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, surface electromyography were used to evaluate participants pre and post-treatment. Results: According to the within-group analysis, there were significant differences in all variables between preand post-treatment in the three groups (p<0.05). The betweengroup analysis revealed a significant decrease (p <0.001) in the normalized resting electromyographic (EMG) activity of the left trapezius after treatment in group A compared with group C. Groups A and B had significantly greater decreases in VAS scores after treatment than group C (P<0.005). In addition, group A had significantly lower VAS score after treatment than group B. Conclusion: Both techniques of ultrasound are effective for the treatment of subjects with active trigger points, but high-power pain threshold ultrasound is superior.
The Single Supervisory Mechanism

This paper investigates the impact of the SSM’s launch on the market power of banks in the large euro area economies. We employ the Lerner index and the Boone estimator, non-structural measures that capture different aspects of competition. Using the results of the Lerner index, we find evidence of the significant decrease in market power for the ECB supervised entities in Austria, France, Germany and Spain. In a similar vein, the Boone indicator points toward an increase in competition among significant supervised entities of Austria, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. The evidence on changes for the total banking sector are mixed, whereas no significant effect is found for the banks remaining under national supervision. We do not find any support for significant increases in the market power of banks in Italy or Spain, suggesting that large increases in concentration do not necessarily result in anticompetitive conduct.
Theory and numerical modeling of turbulent gas-particle flows and combustion

This book presents a theoretical treatment of basic combustion phenomena in laminar and gas particle flows, the numerical modelling theory, methods of turbulant single-phase gas particle flows and combustion. Topics discussed include basic conservation equations of reacting fluids, ignition and extinction, laminar premixed combustion, droplet and particle combustion, combustion in laminar boundary layers, fundamentals of gas-particle flows, and turbulent gas-phase and two-phase combustion. Typical examples of applications of the theory and methods in complex flow and combustion processes in practical engineering facilities such as cyclone separators, gas-turbine combustors, furnaces, and fluidized beds are provided. This volume also presents experimental results and assessments in comparisons between different models.
Microseismicity Appears to Outline Highly Coupled Regions on the Central Chile Megathrust

We compiled a novel microseismicity catalog for the Central Chile megathrust (29°–35°S), comprising 8,750 earthquakes between April 2014 and December 2018. These events describe a pattern of three trenchward open half‐ellipses, consisting of a continuous, coast‐parallel seismicity band at 30–45 km depth, and narrow elongated seismicity clusters that protrude to the shallow megathrust and separate largely aseismic regions along strike. To test whether these shapes could outline highly coupled regions (“asperities”) on the megathrust, we invert GPS displacement data for interplate locking. The best‐fit locking model does not show good correspondence to seismicity, possibly due to lacking resolution. When we prescribe high locking inside the half‐ellipses, however, we obtain models with similar data fits that are preferred according to the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). We thus propose that seismicity on the Central Chile megathrust may outline three adjacent highly coupled regions, two of them located between the rupture areas of the 2010 Maule and the 2015 Illapel earthquakes, a segment of the Chilean margin that may be in a late interseismic stage of the seismic cycle.
Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Multispectral Facial Presentation Attack Detection in Automated Border Control Systems

Automated border control systems are the first critical infrastructure point when crossing a border country. Crossing border lines for unauthorized passengers is a high security risk to any country. This paper presents a multispectral analysis of presentation attack detection for facial biometrics using the learned features from a convolutional neural network. Three sensors are considered to design and develop a new database that is composed of visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), and thermal images. Most studies are based on laboratory or ideal conditions-controlled environments. However, in a real scenario, a subject’s situation is completely modified due to diverse physiological conditions, such as stress, temperature changes, sweating, and increased blood pressure. For this reason, the added value of this study is that this database was acquired in situ. The attacks considered were printed, masked, and displayed images. In addition, five classifiers were used to detect the presentation attack. Note that thermal sensors provide better performance than other solutions. The results present better outputs when all sensors are used together, regardless of whether classifier or feature-level fusion is considered. Finally, classifiers such as KNN or SVM show high performance and low computational level.
Pragmatic inferences are QUD-sensitive: an experimental study

Implicatures serve as an important testing ground for examining the process of integrating semantic and pragmatic information. Starting with Bott & Noveck (2004), several studies have found that implicature computation is costly. More recently, attention has shifted toward identifying contextual cues that modulate this processing cost. Specifically, it has been hypothesized that calculation rate and processing cost are a function of whether the Question Under Discussion (QUD) supports generating the implicature (Degen 2013; Degen & Tanenhaus 2015). In this paper, we present a novel elicitation task establishing what the relevant QUDs are for a given context (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, a sentence-picture verification study, we extend earlier findings about the effect of QUDs on scalar inference to a different kind of pragmatic inference: it-cleft exhaustivity. For both inferences, we find that under QUDs that bias toward calculation, there is no increase in reaction times, but under QUDs that bias against calculating the inference we observe longer reaction times. These results are most compatible with a constraint-based account of implicature, where QUD is one of many cues. Additionally, we explore whether our findings can be informative in narrowing down precisely what aspect of the inferential process incurs a cost.
3 - Leadership Development Schemes for Middle-level Academics in Merged Universities: The Case of Kyambogo University

Does the current generation of middle-level academics in most African universities, for example deans and heads of departments, adequately possess the leadership competence required to handle prevailing and future university obligations and challenges? In response to this question, this article, through a systematic literature review, explores the status quo of leadership competence of middle-level academics; factors that hinder leadership competence development; and measures needed to enhance leadership competence in African universities established out of mergers such as Kyambogo University in Uganda. Here, it is established that the status quo of leadership competence of middle-level academics, e.g., heads of departments, need improvement; and factors that hinder leadership competence development of middle-level academics can be perceived in two dimensions, i.e. “Institutional Factors” (e.g., poor working conditions, ineffective bureaucracy, etc.) and “Personal Factors” (e.g., lack of commitment, corruption etc.). Measures needed to enhance the leadership competence of academics include upgrading university facilities, adequately involving academics in university decision-making processes, and depoliticising university management and leadership, among other things. The article concludes that middle-level academics, such as Deans and heads of departments in African universities like Kyambogo, must do all it takes to improve their leadership competence, with other factors remaining constant if they want to meaningfully address the numerous grave challenges facing university education on the African continent.
‘Surviving like a Bird’: Livelihood Coping Strategies in an Informal Settlement of Windhoek, Namibia

This study was done to investigate different types of sustainable livelihoods in an informal settlement of Windhoek, Namibia, and to identify and describe the coping mechanisms of these households. The study used mixed research using descriptive and exploratory designs. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires, while qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews with seven heads of households. A sample of 150 households was randomly selected to allow representation of the population. Thedescriptive statistic approach was used in the analysis of data, using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SSPS version 23). Qualitative data analysis was done through thematic content analysis of transcribed data. Thestudy revealed that people migrate to the city in search of employment. Themost important factor for determining a positive lived experience in the informal settlement was whether a person has employment or not. Furthermore, a strong reciprocal social link between rural and urban areas has been found. The practice of residents in urban areas who send part of their remittance to rural areas has a positive spin-off on the rural economy, where the majority of migrants hail from. It was also established that rural households in the rural sending areas contributed agricultural produce to sustain the livelihoods of these urban informal dwellers. The most precarious and vulnerable group was singled headed unemployed elderly women, a clear indication of the gendered nature of poverty. Based on the study findin s, various types of livelihoods and coping strategies have been identified from the study, namely rural-urban food transfer, informal sector activities, social network and remittance.
RapidMatch: A Holistic Approach to Subgraph Query Processing

A subgraph query searches for all embeddings in a data graph that are identical to a query graph. Two kinds of algorithms, either graph exploration based or join based, have been developed for processing subgraph queries. Due to algorithmic and implementational differences, join-based systems can handle query graphs of a few vertices efficiently whereas exploration-based approaches typically process up to several tens of vertices in the query graph. In this paper, we first compare these two kinds of methods and prove that the complexity of result enumeration in state-of-the-art exploration-based methods matches that of the worst-case optimal join. Furthermore, we propose RapidMatch, a holistic subgraph query processing framework integrating the two approaches. Specifically, RapidMatch not only runs relational operators such as selections and joins, but also utilizes graph structural information, as in graph exploration, for filtering and join plan generation. Consequently, it outperforms the state of the art in both approaches on a wide range of query workloads.
A computational model of learning to count in a multimodal, interactive environment

When learning to count, children actively engage with a variety of counting tasks and observe demonstrations by more knowl-edgeable others. We investigate how a single neural network-based agent, situated in a multimodal learning environment, can learn from observing such demonstrations to perform multiple number tasks such as counting temporally and spatially distributed objects, and a variant of the give-N task. We ﬁnd that i. the agent can learn different tasks that require counting, ii. learning progresses in similar stages for different tasks, iii. sequential learning of subtasks aids learning of the full task of counting spatially distributed objects, and iv. a mechanism for updating memory when each object is counted emerges from learning the task. The work relies on generic deep learning processes in widely used neural network modules rather than mechanisms specialized for mathematics learning, and provides an architecture in which aspects of a sense of number emerge from learning several different number related tasks.