Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Financing Dies in Darkness? The Impact of Newspaper Closures on Public Finance

We examine how local newspaper closures affect public finance outcomes for local governments. Following a newspaper closure, municipal borrowing costs increase by 5–11 basis points, costing the municipality an additional $650,000 per issue. This effect is causal and not driven by underlying economic conditions. The loss of government monitoring resulting from a closure is associated with higher government wages and deficits and increased likelihoods of costly advance refundings and negotiated sales. Overall, our results indicate that local newspapers hold their governments accountable, keeping municipal borrowing costs low and ultimately saving local taxpayers money.
How do self-regulation and self-efficacy beliefs associate with law students’ experiences of teaching and learning?

Self-regulation and self-efficacy beliefs are essential factors for university students’ performance and academic success. Surprisingly, little is known about how these aspects are related to students’ experiences of the teaching-learning environment. This study examines the relationship between self-regulation, self-efficacy beliefs, experiences of the teaching and learning among master’s level law students (n=103) at a new course of legal methodologies (3 ECTS). Three different student groups with remarkable differences in selfregulation were detected. The groups differed in terms of their experiences of the teaching and learning environment, such as the relevance of this master’s level course, as well as their descriptions of learning outcomes. Self-regulated students saw the teaching-learning environment in a mostly positive way, and they were able to elaborate their learning outcomes. However, there were no connections between the groups and self-efficacy beliefs. This study suggests that students’ self-regulation should be taken into account when considering student-centred learning and teaching in higher education. Once there is an awareness of differences between students, pedagogical practices can be modified to suit the needs of those students who may or may not already have a more developed ability to regulate their learning processes.
ON ONE-DIMENSIONAL LEIBNIZ CENTRAL EXTENSIONS OF A FILIFORM LIE ALGEBRA

Abstract The paper deals with the classification of Leibniz central extensions of a filiform Lie algebra. We choose a basis with respect to which the multiplication table has a simple form. In low-dimensional cases isomorphism classes of the central extensions are given. In the case of parametric families of orbits, invariant functions (orbit functions) are provided.
Mechanism of Hierarchical Porosity Development in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanocrystalline Microstructures for Biomedical and Industrial Applications

A well-known ceramic material, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), has a number of unique properties, including structural and porosity features, that make it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. Hierarchical porosity and high specific surface area are desirable properties for adsorption processes such as water and air cleaning, hydrogen storage, and drug delivery. These characteristics could be controlled and optimized by synthesis procedures; however, this process requires an understanding of the factors and mechanisms of nanocrystalline h-BN porosity development and textural properties. In this study, we demonstrate that hierarchical porosity displays evidence of the consecutive h-BN synthesis steps and thermal decomposition of intermediants. In addition, evidence shows that h-BN nanosheets can be folded as a result of van der Waals force interactions at elevated temperatures, which is corroborated by a computational modeling. The biocompatibility of the prepared h-BN was also evaluated to.
SEISMIC VELOCITY ANISOTROPY IN A MEDIUM CONTAINING ORIENTED CRACKS

A new method was developed for calculating effective elastic parameters of a medium containing oblate spheroidal cracks having parallel planes. This new method is free from the restrictions of isotropic matrix material and low crack density. Velocity anisotropy was calculated for the case of oriented cracks filled with fluid. Effects of crack aspect ratio, fluid bulk modulus, and crack volume on velocity anisotropy were investigated. The present results showed smaller anisotropy than that given by ANDERSON et al. (1974) for a medium containing oriented spheroidal cracks. The relation between velocity and crack density parameter (ratio of porosity to aspect ratio of cracks divided by 4π/3) was investigated using these results.
IDCS J1426.5+3508: THE MOST MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTER AT z > 1.5

We present a deep (100 ks) Chandra observation of IDCS J1426.5+3508, a spectroscopically confirmed, infrared-selected galaxy cluster at z = 1.75. This cluster is the most massive galaxy cluster currently known at z > 1.5, based on existing Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) and gravitational lensing detections. We confirm this high mass via a variety of X-ray scaling relations, including TX–M, fg–M, YX–M, and LX–M, finding a tight distribution of masses from these different methods, spanning M500 = 2.3–3.3 × 1014M⊙, with the low-scatter YX-based mass M 500 , Y X ? > = 2.6 − 0.5 + 1.5 × 10 14 ? > M⊙. IDCS J1426.5+3508 is currently the only cluster at z > 1.5 for which X-ray, SZ, and gravitational lensing mass estimates exist, and these are in remarkably good agreement. We find a relatively tight distribution of the gas-to-total mass ratio, employing total masses from all of the aforementioned indicators, with values ranging from fgas,500 = 0.087–0.12. We do not detect metals in the intracluster medium (ICM) of this system, placing a 2σ upper limit of Z ( r < R 500 ) < 0.18 Z ⊙ ? > . This upper limit on the metallicity suggests that this system may still be in the process of enriching its ICM. The cluster has a dense, low-entropy core, offset by ∼30 kpc from the X-ray centroid, which makes it one of the few “cool core” clusters discovered at z > 1, and the first known cool core cluster at z > 1.2. The offset of this core from the large-scale centroid suggests that this cluster has had a relatively recent (≲500 Myr) merger/interaction with another massive system.
Learning to Collaborate: Lessons Learned from Governance Processes Addressing the Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Transportation Corridors Across California

This study was designed to identify lessons learned from experiences of multi-stakeholder collaboration in governance processes focused on adaptation to sea level rise for specific transportation corridors/assets across different areas of California. Four transportation assets in California were selected as case studies: State Route 37 in the Bay Area; the Cardiff Beach Living Shorelines Project and the LOSSAN railroad at Del Mar in San Diego County; and the Port of Long Beach in Los Angeles County. The study methods included attendance of policy meetings; document analysis; and interviews of staff at (local, regional, and state) government bodies, transportation agencies, climate collaboratives, etc. The study identified three major governance challenges shared among these cases: (1) stakeholder involvement or collaboration with ‘unusual’ partners; (2) jurisdictional fragmentation; and (3) lack of funding. The lessons learned to address these challenges were: (a) include a wide range of stakeholders early on in the project; (b) identify an intermediary or facilitator with relevant knowledge and social capital with the stakeholders; (c) establish a forum for negotiations and information exchange; (d) draft a memorandum of understanding with the rules of collaboration; (e) appoint a project manager to tie all the project parts and stakeholders together and sustain engagement; (f) structure the collaboration in tiers from technical/operational to executive/political; (g) explore options to make any given project a multi-benefit project; (h) advocate for a multi-year stream of funding rather than a lump sum; (i) leverage collaboration for funding and highlight, to potential funders, the collaborative element as a means to increase the efficiency of their investment. Issues to consider when deriving lessons from other jurisdictions were: differences in capacity, or available resources and staff; the numbers of actors involved; pre-existing positive collaborative relationships between the actors; exposure of transportation assets to sea-level rise; existing vulnerabilities of the corridor/asset; and the economic relevance of the corridor/asset.
Far-infrared metallicity diagnostics: application to local ultraluminous infrared galaxies

The abundance of metals in galaxies is a key parameter that permits to distinguish between different galaxy formation and evolution models. Most of the metallicity determinations are based on optical line ratios. However, the optical spectral range is subject to dust extinction and, for high-z objects (z > 3), some of the lines used in optical metallicity diagnostics are shifted to wavelengths not accessible to ground-based observatories. For this reason, we explore metallicity diagnostics using far-infrared (far-IR) line ratios which can provide a suitable alternative in such situations. To investigate these far-IR line ratios, we modelled the emission of a starburst with the photoionization code CLOUDY. The most sensitive far-IR ratios to measure metallicities are the [OIII]52 μm and 88 μm to [NIII]57 μm ratios. We show that this ratio produces robust metallicities in the presence of an active galactic nucleus and is insensitive to changes in the age of the ionizing stellar. Another metallicity-sensitive ratio is the [OIII]88 μm/[N II]122 μm ratio, although it depends on the ionization parameter. We propose various mid- and far-IR line ratios to break this dependence. Finally, we apply these far-IR diagnostics to a sample of 19 local ultraluminous IR galaxies (ULIRGs) observed with Herschel and Spitzer. We find that the gas-phase metallicity in these local ULIRGs is in the range 0.7
The Inverted-U Relationship Between Credit Access and Productivity Growth

In this paper we identify two counteracting effects of credit access on productivity growth: on the one hand, better access to credit makes it easier for entrepreneurs to innovate; on the other hand, better credit access allows less efficient incumbent firms to remain longer on the market, thereby discouraging entry of new and potentially more efficient innovators. We first develop a simple model of firm dynamics and innovation-base growth with credit constraints, where the above two counteracting effects generate an inverted-U relationship between credit access and productivity growth. Then we test our theory on a comprehensive French manufacturing firm-level dataset. We first show evidence of an inverted-U relationship between credit constraints and productivity growth when we aggregate our data at sectoral level. We then move to firm-level analysis, and show that incumbent firms with easier access to credit experience higher productivity growth, but that they also experienced lower exit rates, particularly the least productive firms among them. To confirm our results, we exploit the 2012 Eurosystem's Additional Credit Claims (ACC) program as a quasiexperiment that generated exogenous extra supply of credits for a subset of incumbent firms.
Inequality in top performance: an examination of cross-country variation in excellence gaps across different levels of parental socioeconomic status

ABSTRACT This article examines the extent to which parental socioeconomic status (SES) affects the likelihood of a child becoming a top-performing student, offering an international perspective by reporting this relationship in 31 developed countries. The impact of 3 important educational system characteristics (differentiation in terms of early tracking, standardisation, and private schooling) on the relationship between parental SES and top performance was determined. We employed multilevel logistic regression models on data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 (N = 216,980) to reveal that children with low parental SES have a lower probability of becoming a top-performing student than those with high parental SES, although this association differs between countries. The negative relationship between a disadvantaged parental background and top performance was not affected by the educational system characteristics under investigation.
Evaluation of the Bioactivity of Water Extracts from Dicotyledonous Crops on Model Weeds and Pathogens

The bioactivity of secondary metabolites from faba bean, white lupine, winter turnip rape, and caraway extracts was evaluated against the growth of the fungal pathogens Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc. , Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn, and Botrytis cinerea Pers. , and the germination and growth of the weeds Elymus repens (L.) Gould and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. An agar diffusion assay was used on the fungal pathogens and a classic in vitro bioassay on the weeds. Extracts of white lupine and winter turnip rape reduced the colony growth of R. cinerea. Arabidopsis germination decreased and root malformation increased by all the extracts tested. Elymus repens germination was unaffected, yet the root elongation was reduced by the caraway, lupine, and winter turnip rape extracts.
of Birmingham The role of identity and image in shaping management accounting change

Purpose – This paper analyses the implementation of a new accounting system in the accounting department of a large retail company. The paper seeks to understand and explain how management accounting change can be shaped by the identity and image of particular groups in an organisation. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reports the findings of a longitudinal explanatory case study. An institutional framework was initially used to inform the research, but was subsequently extended using the concepts of identity and image. Findings – By changing existing accounting systems, the accountants ‘inside’ the accounting department sought to challenge their current ‘negative’ identity and image. However, the case shows that the new accounting system was not well received by accountants ‘outside’ the accounting department. The case illustrates that the differing identity and image of the two groups of accountants were crucial factors underlying the different perceptions of the accounting change. Originality/value – The conceptual framework developed in this paper highlights the role which identity and image can play in shaping processes of change, and it enriches our understanding of the reasons for change, stability and resistance to change.
Pattern of Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ( CTL ) among patients presenting at a tertiary care health centre

Cervical Tubercular Lymphadenitis (CTL) may often mimic malignancy or other pathologic process and misdiagnosed which leads to an unnecessary delay in diagnosis. The aim of this study is to analyze the pattern of Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis among patients presenting at a tertiary care health centre. Retrospective cohort of patients with confirmed diagnosis of CTL during formed the study population. Histologically proven cases of Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis by either by Excision biopsy or FNAC were included in this study. Study tools were records of the patients such as information from MRD department and records from histopathological section. Data of 80 patients was analyzed in this study. Gender wise, 57 (71.3%) were females and remaining 23 (28.7%) were males. Majority (64, 80.0%) of cases presented with solid nodes. Most (74, 92.5%) of enlarged nodes were multiple. 83.75% of the nodes were unilateral. Level V and II cervical nodes were the most common regions affected either in isolation or as multiple nodes. Fever and loss of appetite was found in 87.8% and 71.25% subjects respectively. FNAC was done in 76 patients, of which 85.5% patients were found positive for TB. Chest X-rays were negative for most (78.7%) of the patients. Most (45, 56.3%) of the subjects received combined Medical & surgical treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment is important in reducing the prevalence of CTL. CTL usually presents with unilateral, multiple, matted neck swelling in young females. FNAC is a reliable tool for diagnosis.
USING MANIPULATIVES IN ETH-COOPERATIVE LEARNING TO ENHACE MATHEMATICAL LEARNING OUTCOMES

This study aims to obtain an overview of the improvement in student mathematics learning outcomes using manipulatives with Cooperative Learning Everyone is a Teacher Here (ETH- cooperative learning) and students who learn to use manipulatives with conventional learning. The research design used was quasi-experiment with the type of pretest posttest control group design with a population of all first-level students who were studying matriculation at one of the STIKES in Indonesia. The number of samples of two classes was selected by purposive sampling, with the number of control class students being 38 people and the experimental class being 44 people. Class A as a control class gets conventional learning using manipulatives. Class B as an experimental class receives learning by using manipulatives through ETH-cooperative learning. The result is an increase in mathematics learning outcomes of students who learn to use manipulatives with ETH-cooperative learning higher than students who learn to use conventional manipulatives.
Management Innovation and Leadership: The Moderating Role of Organizational Size

Recent research on management innovation, i.e. new managerial processes, practices, or structures that change the nature of managerial work, suggests it can be an important source of competitive advantage. In this study, we focus on management innovation at the organization level and investigate the role of leadership behaviour as a key antecedent. Due to its prominent role within organizations, top management has the ability to greatly influence management innovation. In particular, we focus on leadership behaviour and examine transformational and transactional leadership. Additionally, as contextual variables like organizational size may influence the impact of leadership, we investigate its moderating role. Findings show that both leadership behaviours contribute to management innovation. Interestingly, our study indicates that smaller, less complex, organizations benefit more from transactional leadership in realizing management innovation. On the other hand, larger organizations need to draw on transformational leaders to compensate for their complexity and allow management innovation to flourish.
Spectral modeling of Fe XVII pumped by a free-electron x-ray laser

The atomic structure and x-ray pumping of neonlike Fe xvii have been calculated and modeled under free-electron laser excitation conditions using the Flexible Atomic Code. Specifically, pumping of the (2p3/23s1/2)2,1, (2p1/23s1/2)1, (2p3/23d5/2)1, and (2p1/23d3/2)1 levels that connect with the ground state (2s22p6)0 by the so-called M2, 3G, 3F, 3D, and 3C transitions have been studied. In addition, the spectrum of sodiumlike Fe xvi has been modeled to account for possible line coincidences with the neonlike spectrum. The calculations include oscillator strengths, radiative transition probability rates, autoionization rates, non-resonant photoionization cross sections, and line emissivities.
Unconventional Views of Frailty Frailty and Risk of Falls , Fracture , and Mortality in Older Women : The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures

Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Department of Medicine and Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore. University Outpatient Clinic and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Microphysical controls on the isotopic composition of wintertime orographic precipitation

The sensitivity of mixed-phase orographic clouds, precipitation, and their isotopic content to changes in dynamics, thermodynamics, and microphysics is explored in idealized two-dimensional ﬂow over a mountain barrier. These simulations use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with stable water isotopologues (HDO and H 182 O), which have been integrated into the Thompson microphysics scheme within WRF as part of the present project. In order to understand how the isotopic composition of precipitation ( 𝛿 18 O precip ) is ﬁxed, the mountain height, temperature, and the prescribed cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) have been varied in a series of simulations. For the given range of values explored in this work, changes in mountain height and temperature induce stronger responses in domain-averaged 𝛿 18 O precip than do changes in CDNC by a factor of approximately 10. The strongest response to changing CDNC leads to local variations of 𝛿 18 O precip of about 3‰, though those occur in regions of weak precipitation ( < 0.1 mm h − 1 ). Changes in 𝛿 18 O precip can be understood through the microphysical pathways by which precipitable hydrometeors are formed and by the isotopic signature associated with each pathway. The decrease in 𝛿 18 O precip with increasing mountain height is not just a function of decreasing temperature but also reﬂects the changing contributions and distinct isotopic signatures of riming of cloud liquid and vapor deposition onto snow, the leading sources of precipitation in these simulations. The changes in 𝛿 18 O precip with mountain
Family Relationships From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood

This longitudinal follow-up studies a group of 90 girls and boys from initial adolescence into emerging adulthood. The relationships between these young people and their parents are analyzed over a 10-year period, while considering possible gender differences. The results indicate that the levels of communication and affection perceived by these young people diminish during emerging adulthood; however, their perceived adaptability remains and cohesion increases as the frequency of conflicts decreases. In terms of gender differences, boys and girls show similar developmental pathways. On the other hand, the results indicated a high relative stability for the scores of the subjects. This work underlines the importance of further studies about family relationships during emerging adulthood, especially from a longitudinal perspective.