Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep learning models to map an agricultural expansion area with MODIS and Sentinel-2 time series images

Abstract. Mapping changing land use and land cover (LULC) is important for land management and environment analysis. We tried to build deep learning models to classify LULC over time at an agricultural expansion area in Matopiba region, Brazil with MCD43A4 V006 moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Sentinel-2 multispectral instrument (MSI) time series data. We collected time series MODIS data and Sentinel-2 A/B MSI data from 2015 to 2020 and prepared small patches with containing blue, green, red, near-infrared, and shortwave-infrared-1 bands as features. Then the both datasets were used to build and train the convolutional neural network (CNN) model, the CNN gate recurrent unit (CNN-GRU) model, and the CNN long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) model, respectively. We evaluated these three trained models with ground truth data, and the CNN-LSTM model (overall accuracy: 91.29% from MODIS data and 89.47% from Sentinel-2 data) was better than the CNN-GRU model (overall accuracy: 89.19% from MODIS data and 88.61% from Sentinel-2 data) and the CNN model (overall accuracy: 89.17% from MODIS data and 86.02% from Sentinel-2 data). Our results also showed that the accuracy from cropland and savanna classes were higher than grassland and forest classes in all three models. These two classes generated from the CNN-LSTM model performed better than the other two deep learning models. The results from these two datasets indicated that the methods were reliable for both coarse and medium spatial resolution satellite images and time series remote sensing images worked better than single image for classification problems when considering LULC change over time. The results also provided an alternative way to prepare input data from satellite images for deep learning models. Furthermore, the classification results of the whole agricultural expansion area were reasonable and it can be used as an additional dataset for further environmental analysis at a regional scale.
The mediating role of employee ambidexterity in the relationship between high-performance work system and employee work performance: An empirical evidence from ethio-telecom

Abstract A study on high-performance work systems (HPWS) has shown that there may be a gap in the relationship between HPWS and employee work performance. The reasons that are implied within such a relationship have, however, rarely been studied. Data from target employees are gathered using a census approach. 387 non-supervisory sales representatives from Ethio-Telecom in Ethiopia took part in this study, which used a cross-sectional design. By integrating social exchange theory and the AMO model, we theorized that employee ambidexterity mediates the relationship between HPWS and employee work performance. Using structural equation modeling, the findings of the study revealed that HPWS has a positive and significant effect on employee work performance. Furthermore, employee ambidexterity has a positive and significant effect on employee work performance. Finally, we found that employee ambidexterity partially mediated the positive and significant relationship between a high-performance work system and employee work performance. In order to open the mystery surrounding the relationship between HPWS and employee work performance, this study includes the mediating role of employee ambidexterity and develops a novel theoretical framework.
Maternal Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Associations with Maternal Prenatal Stressors and Child Growth

ABSTRACT Background Psychosocial and physiologic stressors, such as depression and obesity, during pregnancy can have negative consequences, such as increased systemic inflammation, contributing to chronic disease for both mothers and their unborn children. These conditions disproportionately affect racial/ethnic minorities. The effects of recommended dietary patterns in mitigating the effects of these stressors remain understudied. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the relations between maternal Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) and maternal and offspring outcomes during the first decade of life in African Americans, Hispanics, and Whites. Methods This study included 929 mother–child dyads from the NEST (Newborn Epigenetics STudy), a prospective cohort study. FFQs were used to estimate MDA in pregnant women. Weight and height were measured in children between birth and age 8 y. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between maternal MDA, inflammatory cytokines, and pregnancy and postnatal outcomes. Results More than 55% of White women reported high MDA during the periconceptional period compared with 22% of Hispanic and 18% of African American women (P < 0.05). Higher MDA was associated with lower likelihood of depressive mood (β = −0.45; 95% CI: −0.90, −0.18; P = 0.02) and prepregnancy obesity (β = −0.29; 95% CI: −0.57, −0.0002; P = 0.05). Higher MDA was also associated with lower body size at birth, which was maintained to ages 3–5 and 6–8 y—this association was most apparent in White children (3–5 y: β = −2.9, P = 0.02; 6–8 y: β = −3.99, P = 0.01). Conclusions If replicated in larger studies, our data suggest that MDA provides a potent avenue by which effects of prenatal stressors on maternal and fetal outcomes can be mitigated to reduce ethnic disparities in childhood obesity.
The comparison between foam rolling either combined with static or dynamic stretching on knee extensors’ function and structure

Static stretching (SS) and dynamic stretching (DS) in combination with foam rolling (FR) have been attracting attention as warm-up routines in sports. However, the combined and intervention order effects of SS or DS and FR on flexibility, muscle strength, and jump performance are still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the combined effects of FR and SS or DS with the various intervention orders (i.e., SS + FR, DS + FR, FR + SS, DS + FR) on the function and properties of the knee extensors. Using a crossover, random allocation design, 17 male university students (21.0 ± 1.1 y) performed four conditions combining FR and SS or DS. The measurement included knee flexion range of motion (ROM), pain pressure threshold (PPT), tissue hardness, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC-ISO), maximum voluntary concentric contraction (MVC-CON) torque, and single-leg countermovement jump (CMJ) height of the knee extensors. All interventions significantly (p < 0.01) increased knee flexion ROM (SS + FR: d = 1.29, DS + FR: d = 0.45, FR + SS: d = 0.95, FR + DS: d = 0.49), and significantly (p < 0.01) decreased tissue hardness (SS + FR: d = -1.11, DS + FR: d = -0.86, FR + SS: d = -1.29, DS + FR: d = -0.65). There were no significant changes in MVC-ISO, MVC-CON, and CMJ height in all conditions, but a near significant, small magnitude (p = 0.056, d = -0.31) decrease of MVC-ISO was observed in the FR + SS condition. Our results showed that all the combinations of SS or DS and FR effectively decreased tissue hardness and increased ROM without decreasing muscle strength. Also, effect sizes indicated the largest increase in ROM and decrease in tissue stiffness after SS + FR without decreasing muscle strength and jump performance.
E-records management readiness for implementation of e-government in local authorities of Singida Municipal Council

This paper reports the findings of a study that explored the state of e-records management in supporting e-government in Tanzania Local Government Authorities with specific reference to the Singida Municipal Council (SMC). This qualitative study employed a case study design to collect data using interviews, observations, group discussions and documentary review. Qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. Thirty-two respondents were purposively selected to participate in the study. The study findings indicated that the state of e-records management readiness was not effective to enhance e-governance. This was because the SMC did not have an e-records management system, inadequate professional record personnel, information and communication technologies (ICT) policies, guidelines and procedures. E-readiness was affected by the low number of technical staff, inadequate resources and budget dedicated to the e-records management unit and lack of storage space and facilities to execute e-records management. Finally, the study established a framework for effective adoption of e-records management as a platform for implementing e-government in local authorities. The study recommends for the SMC to improve e-records management practices by bridging the knowledge gap among record staff, ICT staff and secretaries. In addition, the SMC should hire qualified staff, trained staff in house on e-records management, develop and implement ICT policies and prioritise records management by adequately budgeting for ICT infrastructures to kick-start the transformation process.
BYU ScholarsArchive BYU ScholarsArchive Social-Emotional Outcomes in Children with Hydrocephalus Social-Emotional Outcomes in Children with Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus can impact all areas of health, including physical, cognitive, and social-emotional functioning. The social-emotional health of children who have had surgery for their hydrocephalus is not well characterized. This study examined social-emotional and behavioral functioning using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Third Edition (BASC-3) and the Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire (HOQ) in children aged 5-17 years old. BASC-3 parent report scores were compared to the BASC-3 normative sample using one-sample t-tests to evaluate overall social-emotional functioning. BASC-3 scores were correlated with the social-emotional domain of the HOQ using Pearson’s r to determine if the HOQ accurately captures the social-emotional functioning of children with hydrocephalus in a neurosurgery setting. BASC-3 and HOQ scores of children with different etiologies of hydrocephalus were compared using one-way ANOVAs. Children with hydrocephalus of all etiologies had more difficulties with social-emotional functioning compared to normative populations, but there were no differences in functioning between etiologies. The social-emotional domain of the HOQ correlated more strongly with the BASC-3 than did the physical and cognitive domains. These results provide evidence that children who have had surgery for their hydrocephalus may be at increased risk of social-emotional and behavioral difficulties, but etiology may not be particularly helpful in predicting what kinds or degree of difficulty. This study also supports the content and divergent validity of the social-emotional domain of the HOQ.
Criteria for accurate determination of the magnon relaxation length from the nonlocal spin Seebeck effect

The nonlocal transport of thermally generated magnons not only unveils the underlying mechanism of the spin Seebeck effect, but also allows for the extraction of the magnon relaxation length (λm) in a magnetic material, the average distance over which thermal magnons can propagate. In this study, we experimentally explore in yttrium iron garnet (YIG)/platinum systems much further ranges compared with previous investigations. We observe that the nonlocal SSE signals at long distances (d) clearly deviate from a typical exponential decay. Instead, they can be dominated by the nonlocal generation of magnon accumulation as a result of the temperature gradient present away from the heater, and decay geometrically as 1/d2. We emphasize the importance of looking only into the exponential regime (i.e., the intermediate distance regime) to extract λm. With this principle, we study λm as a function of temperature in two YIG films which are 2.7 and 50μm in thickness, respectively. We find λm to be around 15μm at room temperature and it increases to 40μm at T=3.5 K. Finite element modeling results agree with experimental studies qualitatively, showing also a geometrical decay beyond the exponential regime. Based on both experimental and modeling results, we put forward a general guideline for extracting λm from the nonlocal spin Seebeck effect.
High Spectral Resolution Observations toward Orion BN at 6 μm: No Evidence for Hot Water

The Becklin–Neugebauer (BN) object in Orion has a large proper motion and radial velocity with respect to the gas and other stars in the region where it is presumed to have formed. Multiple dynamical interaction scenarios have been proposed to explain this motion. In one case BN is thought to have interacted with stars in the Trapezium cluster, while in another it is thought to have interacted with source I while deeply embedded in molecular gas. If there is dense gas that has been retained in close proximity to BN, it may be evidence that the latter scenario is favored. We observed BN at high spectral resolution in three windows near 6 μm using the Echelon-Cross-Echelle Spectrograph on board the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy targeting the ν2 vibrational band of H2O. Absorption from only three transitions of H2O is detected, and through kinematic analysis is associated with cool, dense foreground gas, not BN itself. We find no evidence for H2O absorption or emission at the systemic velocity of BN.
BISPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE BILINEAR OSCILLATOR WITH APPLICATION TO THE DETECTION OF FATIGUE CRACKS

Abstract Damage detection by means of non-destructive testing plays an important role in ensuring the integrity of machine elements and structures. Vibration testing is an effective means of detecting crack development in structures. In this paper the effect of crack closure on the dynamic behaviour of cantilever beams is studied. Since the crack opens or closes depending on the direction of the vibration, the beam exhibits bilinear characteristics. The aim of the paper is to analyze the system response by using bispectral analysis which forms a subset of higher order statistical analysis. The study has been conducted both on simulated and experimental vibration signals. Firstly, a simplified model is employed to simulate the bilinear behaviour of a beam with a closing crack. The model is an oscillator with a bilinear restoring forcing function. The analysis of the forced vibrations of the model is performed by means of the harmonic balance method showing the occurrence of harmonics in the response spectrum which are strictly related to the bilinear nature of the model. Moreover, an experimental test carried out on a straight beam with a fatigue crack is presented. The beam is excited with white noise by means of a vibration shaker. The bispectral analysis performed both on the model and the actual structure shows high sensitivity of the non-linear behaviour of the system: that is to say, to the presence of the fatigue crack in the structure. In particular, the interactions between the frequency components contained in the signal response are analyzed. The results provide a possibility of using the bispectral analysis technique to detect damages in structures.
Oxygen abundances in halo giants. I : giants in the very metal-poor globular clusters M92 and M15 and the metal-poor halo field

We derive oxygen, iron, vanadium, and scandium abundances for very metal-poor giants in the globular clusters M92 and M15, and giants of comparable metallicity in the local halo field. We analyze the [O I] doublet (λλ 6300, 6363) and nearby metallic lines in spectra obtained with a TI CCD detector and the Hamilton echelle spectrograph at the Lick Observatory 3.0 m telescope, using line analysis and spectral synthesis codes developed at the University of Texas.
Assessment of the Functional Form of the Relationship between Balance Control and Physical Activity Regarding Demographic, Anthropometrical, and Eye Impairment Explanatory Covariates in 9- to 11-Year-Old Children: Results of Polynomial and Cluster Analyses

Simple Summary The shape of an association between balance control and physical activity (PA) concerning sex, body mass index (BMI), calendar age, biological age, and myopia is not a well-described issue. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the relationship between balance control and PA in the presence of the above-mentioned demographic, anthropometric, and eyesight impairment factors. In our study, 47 boys and 58 girls aged 9–11 years participated. The results showed that only BMI and myopia affected the relationship between balance and PA, demonstrating three kinds of shapes of the relationships. Non-myopic girls with a low BMI and less maturity constantly improved their balance control with increased PA volume. Early-matured boys with a BMI slightly over average or in a normal range achieved a plateau in PA level for balance-control development. Myopic boys and girls with higher BMIs than their peers but maturing at an average pace had a peak value of PA, which is the threshold for the volume of PA when the stimulating effect starts. Future studies should be focused on evaluating the causal relationship between balance control and PA using other explanatory variables. Abstract Explaining the causal and functional relationship between balance control and physical activity (PA) when comparing demographic, anthropometric, and eyesight impairment is uncharted. This study aimed to assess the shape of the relationships between balance control and PA and to verify the usefulness of explanatory variables (sex, chronological age, biological age, myopia, and BMI) in explaining the formation of functional forms between both abovementioned variables. The current contribution evaluated data from 9–11-year-old children (47 boys, 58 girls) and attempts to explain the shape of the relationship between the overall stability index and PA synthetic index, sorting children into clusters depending on their balance features and PA and comparing the separated groups in terms of explanatory variables. The analysis demonstrates four larger clusters that displayed distinct functional relationships. Only BMI and myopia turned out to be useful in explaining cluster memberships. Children in clusters with a linear-constant decline functional form were mostly non-myopic girls, thin, and less mature. Meanwhile, it becomes clear that children with an L-shape were myopic, early-maturated boys with a BMI in the middle of the range for normal weight. The pattern of an inverted U-shaped functional form was distinctive for myopes with rather high BMIs compared to their peers but normally matured.
Minkowski conformal blocks and the Regge limit for Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev-like models

We discuss scattering in a CFT via the conformal partial-wave analysis and the Regge limit. The focus of this paper is on understanding an OPE with Minkowski conformal blocks. Starting with a t-channel OPE, it leads to an expansion for an s-channel scattering amplitude in terms of t-channel exchanges. By contrasting with Euclideans conformal blocks we see a precise relationship between conformal blocks in the two limits without preforming an explicit analytic continuation. We discuss a generic feature for a CFT correlation function having singular growth $F^{M}(u,v)\sim u^{-(\ell_{eff}-1)/2}$, in the limit $u\rightarrow 0$ and $v\rightarrow 1$. Here, $\ell_{eff}$ serves as an effective spin and it can be determined through an OPE. In particular, it is bounded from above, $\ell_{eff}\leq 2$, for all CFTs with a gravity dual, and it can be associated with string modes interpolating the graviton in AdS. This singularity is historically referred to as the Pomeron. This bound is nearly saturated by SYK-like effective $d=1$ CFT, and its stringy and thermal corrections have piqued current interests. Our analysis has been facilitated by dealing with Wightman functions, leading to a simpler treatment diagonalizing dynamical equations via appropriate harmonic analysis, e.g., the BFKL equation for $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM and also ladder sum for SYK-like models.
Quantum measurements with prescribed symmetry

We introduce a method to determine whether a given generalised quantum measurement is isolated or it belongs to a family of measurements having the same prescribed symmetry. The technique proposed reduces to solving a linear system of equations in some relevant cases. As consequence, we provide a simple derivation of the maximal family of Symmetric Informationally Complete measurements (SIC)-POVM in dimension 3. Furthermore, we show that the following remarkable geometrical structures are isolated, so that free parameters cannot be introduced: (a) maximal sets of mutually unbiased bases in prime power dimensions from 4 to 16, (b) SIC-POVM in dimensions from 4 to 16 and (c) contextuality Kochen-Specker sets in dimension 3, 4 and 6, composed of 13, 18 and 21 vectors, respectively.
The Effect Quality of Supervision of Village Consultative Body and Community Participation in Village Fund Management Accountability

This study aims to examine the supervision quality effect of the village consultative body and community participation on the accountability of village fund management in Malacca Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province in Indonesia. The research sample of 372 respondents was selected using accidental sampling technique. Data was collected by giving questionnaires directly to the respondents. The data results analysis show that the supervision quality of the village consultative body and community participation has a positive and significant impact on the accountability of village fund management.
Layered semiconductor 
EuTe4
 with charge density wave order in square tellurium sheets

We report a novel quasi-two dimensional compound of EuTe4 hosting charge density waves (CDW) instability. The compound has a crystallographic structure in a orthorhombic space group Pmmn (No.59) with cell parameters a = 4.6347(2){\AA}, b = 4.5119(2){\AA}, c = 15.6747(10){\AA} at room temperature. The pristine structure contains consecutive near-square Te sheets separated by corrugated Eu-Te slabs. Upon cooling, the compound experiences a phase transition near 255 K. X-ray crystallographic analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements reveal strong structural distortions in the low temperature phase, showing a superstructure with a periodic formation of Te-trimers in the monolayer Te sheets, yielding evidence for the formation of CDW order. The charge transport properties show a semiconducting behavior in the CDW state. Density functional theory calculations reveals a Fermi surface nesting driven instability with a nesting vector in good agreement with the one observed experimentally. Our finding provides a promising system for the study of CDW driven 2D semiconducting mechanisms, which would shed a new light on exploring novel 2D semiconductors with collective electronic states.