Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solid-state NMR study of spin dynamics and local disorder in smart polymers: PDMAEMA

The solid-state 1H and 13C NMR spectra as well as the 1H–13C cross-polarization upon magic angle spinning (CP MAS) kinetics were studied for poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA), i.e. a smart pH- and thermo-responsive polymer. The stereochemical content of PDMAEMA was determined from the complex shaped 13C MAS signal of CH3 group. The kinetic data were processed using the Hirschinger and Raya spin dynamics model that includes the complete scheme of rotating frame spinlattice relaxation pathways. The general solution was adapted for the spin cluster treatment. The earlier studied experimental CP MAS kinetics data of poly [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] (PMETAC), i.e. one of its quaternized form, were revisited and newly processed applying this model. The spin-lattice relaxation of protons in the rotating frame in PDMAEMA and PMETAC occurs in the same scale from one to tens of milliseconds. Very high anisotropy of spin-diffusion was found for both polymers. However, the local disorder of various spin sites in PDMAEMA is significantly higher than in PMETAC. It is characterized by the order parameters 0.71–0.77 and 0.87–0.91, respectively. The main chain in PDMAEMA is also more disordered and more flexible than in PMETAC.
A Discrete Algorithm for Crystal Structure Prediction of Organic Molecules

A new algorithm, FlexCryst, is presented for fast crystal structure prediction. The algorithm differs from existing algorithms in that it performs the analysis on the basis of only a single molecule and uses potentials for scoring energy that are derived statistically from a set of data on molecular structures. In a first step, the algorithm creates various potential unit cells. In the second step, a set of candidates for translation vectors for corresponding crystals is generated. In the third step, the algorithm selects triples of candidate vectors to form potential crystal structures. The fourth step ranks the crystal structures with respect to their energy as estimated by a suitable scoring function. In the last step, the crystal structures are clustered according to a newly defined measure of similarity for crystal structures. At the moment, the program can handle only triclinic crystals with one molecule per asymmetric unit. The algorithm was tested on a set of 131 experimentally resolved crystals of space group P1 and 95 crystals of space group P{\overline 1} from the Cambridge Structural Database. For P1, in 129 cases (98%), the observed crystal structure is among the crystal structures generated by the algorithm. The run time of the algorithm is a few s per molecule on a standard workstation. For P{\overline 1}, the experimental structure has been found among the proposed structures in 81 cases (85%). Owing to the more complex unit cell for this space group, the run time increases to about 2 h per molecule.
A hybrid job center. Composite client experiences with employment services between enforcement and care

ABSTRACT The present study introduces the concept of forms of hybridity as a tool to analyse welfare claimants’ composite experiences with public employment services. In such experiences, the job centre is depicted both as an enforcing and a caring institution. The present study demonstrates the usefulness of this conceptual tool by analysing qualitative interviews with Danish social assistance recipients. It shows how the employment system assumes several hybrid forms from the perspective of welfare claimants. The first, the actor − based hybrid form consists of numerous actors where care and enforcement stem from those who participate in the processing of cases. Second, the system/actor-based hybrid form, makes a distinction between an enforcing system and its more caring employees. In the third, a phase-based hybrid form, the participants differentiate between temporal phases of enforcement and phases of care. Our explication of hybrid forms complements the literature by providing a novel means to understand the lived experience of welfare recipients and adds nuance to discussions of social work in activation settings as either enforcing or caring.
Risk of Malnutrition in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

(1) Background: Studies have reported that COVID-19 may increase the risk of malnutrition among patients. However, the prevalence of such risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is uncertain due to the inconsistent use of assessment methods. (2) Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched to identify studies on the nutritional status of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A pooled prevalence of malnutrition risk evaluated by Nutrition Risk Score (NRS-2002) was obtained using a random effects model. Differences by study-level characteristics were examined by hospitalization setting, time of assessment, age, and country. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. (3) Results: 53 studies from 17 countries were identified and summarized. A total of 17 studies using NRS-2002, including 3614 COVID-19 patients were included in the primary meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of risk of malnutrition was significantly higher among ICU patients (92.2%, 95% CI: 85.9% to 96.8%) than among general ward patients (70.7%, 95% CI: 56.4% to 83.2%) (p = 0.002). No significant differences were found between age groups (≥65 vs. <65 years, p = 0.306) and countries (p = 0.893). (4) Conclusions: High risk of malnutrition is common and concerning in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, suggesting that malnutrition screening and nutritional support during hospitalization are needed.
Wall Pressure Unsteadiness and Side Loads in Overexpanded Rocket Nozzles

Surveys of both the static and dynamic wall pressure signatures on the interior surface of a sub-scale, cold-flow and thrust optimized parabolic nozzle are conducted during fixed nozzle pressure ratios corresponding to FSS and RSS states. The motive is to develop a better understanding for the sources of off-axis loads during the transient start-up of overexpanded rocket nozzles. During FSS state, pressure spectra reveal frequency content resembling SWTBLI. Presumably, when the internal flow is in RSS state, separation bubbles are trapped by shocks and expansion waves; interactions between the separated flow regions and the waves produce asymmetric pressure distributions. An analysis of the azimuthal modes reveals how the breathing mode encompasses most of the resolved energy and that the side load inducing mode is coherent with the response moment measured by strain gauges mounted upstream of the nozzle on a flexible tube. Finally, the unsteady pressure is locally more energetic during RSS, albeit direct measurements of the response moments indicate higher side load activity when in FSS state. It is postulated that these discrepancies are attributed to cancellation effects between annular separation bubbles.
THE ROLE OF ACTIVE REGION TOPOLOGY IN EXCITATION, TRAPPING, AND DAMPING OF CORONAL LOOP OSCILLATIONS

We investigate the role of magnetic field topology in dense coronal loop oscillation by the means of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations of two models of idealized active regions (ARs). The first AR model is initialized as a straight cylinder surrounded by the field lines of the same length and orientation. The second model consists of a potential dipole magnetic configuration and contains a loop with a higher density than its surroundings. Dipole field lines have position-dependent length and orientation in contrary to straight ones. We study different ways of excitation of transverse loop oscillations by an external pulse and a nearly eigenmode excitation implemented inside the loop. We find that perturbation acting directly on a single loop excites oscillations both in cylindrical and dipole loops. However, the leakage of the wave energy is larger in a curved loop compared to a straight loop. External excitation of the whole AR is efficient in the excitation of oscillation in the straight field configuration, but results in less efficient excitation in the case of dipole field. We show that excitation of collective motion of straight field lines having the same wave periods and planes of the oscillations requires much less energy than excitation of dipole field lines having position-dependent orientation and wave periods and being excited individually, not having a collective mode of oscillation. We conclude that coherent motion of straight field lines is one of the factors that decrease the energy leakage from an oscillating loop, while individual motions of dipole field lines require more energy from the source to produce the loop oscillations, and also lead to higher damping rate compared to the straight field case. We discuss Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) observations of coronal loop oscillations in view of our theoretical findings. We show several examples of time signatures of transversal loop oscillations observed by TRACE that agree with numerical simulations of externally excited oscillations.
Integrating phytoplankton pigment and DNA meta‐barcoding observations to determine phytoplankton composition in the coastal ocean

Quantifying phytoplankton composition is critical to predicting marine ecosystem structure and function. DNA meta‐barcoding and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigment analysis are two widely used methods for assessing phytoplankton composition; however, comparing their performance has been done only rarely. Here, we integrate DNA meta‐barcoding and HPLC pigment observations to determine eukaryotic phytoplankton composition in the Santa Barbara Channel, California. We find that both methods identify the same four dominant eukaryotic phytoplankton taxa (diatoms, dinoflagellates, chlorophytes, and prymnesiophytes), but inter‐ and intra‐lineage variability in biomarker pigmentation (associated with both a lack of taxonomic specificity of biomarker pigments and intrinsic differences in accessory pigmentation) drives substantial disagreement between the methods. Covariation network analysis circumvents this disagreement and reveals that diverse assemblages of phytoplankton and other protists covary with distinct suites of biomarker pigments. Our results highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each method in characterizing phytoplankton composition and reveal novel insights into phytoplankton physiology that could only be gained by integrating the two methods. Finally, we suggest a path to monitor eukaryotic plankton communities on unprecedented spatiotemporal scales based on the covariation of unique phytoplankton and protistan assemblages with remotely sensible phytoplankton pigment concentrations.
A review on cotton fibre-reinforced polymer composites and their applications

Natural fibres may be a good alternative to synthetic fibres when reinforcing polymer composites in order to maintain a healthy environment. Cotton is a natural fibre with many benefits, including low density, good heat conductivity, high flexibility, resilience, elasticity and renewability. Cotton's crystalline and fibrillar structure accounts for its exceptional strength. We were inspired to conduct this review because of the potential of cotton fibre, as well as its mass production and low cost. This article reviews and summarises the mechanical properties of cotton fibre-reinforced polymer composites, including their flexural, tensile and impact properties. The effect of compatibilizers on the adhesion of two different phases of a composite material was also investigated in this study. Cotton fibre-reinforced composites were investigated as a replacement for desirable features by the textile, building and automotive industries. The industrial applications of cotton fibre-reinforced polymer composites are also highlighted in the final section.
Monitoring of false lumen thrombosis in type B aortic dissection by impedance cardiography – A multiphysics simulation study

Aortic dissection is caused by a tear on the aortic wall that allows blood to flow through the wall layers. Usually, this tear involves the intimal and partly the medial layer of the aortic wall. As a result, a new false lumen develops besides the original aorta, denoted then as the true lumen. The local hemodynamic conditions such as flow disturbances, recirculations and low wall shear stress may cause thrombus formation and growth in the false lumen. Since the false lumen status is a significant predictor for late‐dissection‐related deaths, it is of great importance in the medical management of patients with aortic dissection.
Meroterpenoids and Steroids from the Marine-Derived Fungus Trametes sp. ZYX-Z-16

Marine fungi can metabolize structurally diverse active components, and have become an important source of drug lead molecules. In the present study, the chemical investigation on the EtOAc extract of the fermentation broth of the marine-derived fungus Trametes sp. ZYX-Z-16 led to the isolation of eight meroterpenoids (1–8), including two undescribed ones, together with ten ergostane steroid analogues (9–18). The structures of two new spiromeroterpenoids, asnovolin H (1) and asnovolin I (2), were determined based on 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS spectroscopic data along with ECD spectra calculations. All compounds were tested for antibacterial and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Among them, compound 12 showed definite antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (MIC 32 μg/mL) and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC 16 μg/mL). In addition, compounds 9 and 10 showed superior inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 104.1 and 111.3 μM, respectively, to the positive control acarbose (304.6 μM).
Reliability Analysis of Memristor Crossbar Routers: Collisions and On/off Ratio Requirement

Memristors are commonly used in crossbar arrays as “in-memory computing” elements to solve the von-Neumann bottleneck problem. However, they can also be used as “in-memory routing” elements to configure on-chip interconnection schemes and route signals among computing elements in configurable multi-core neuromorphic processors. While there has been a significant focus on the use of memristive devices as in-memory computing elements, to date, studies on the fundamental reliability properties of memristors as routing elements are still missing. In this paper, we analyze the reliability issues of using these devices in routing crossbar arrays, caused by sharing routing resources (collisions), and undesired pulses due to the leakage paths (on/off ratio requirement). We show that there is a trade-off between routing collision probability and the degree of connectivity (i.e., fan-in) of the receivers sharing routing channels. We provide specifications and guidelines based on a theoretical analysis for engineering the properties of memristive devices, and for designing routing systems based on memristor crossbars.
MODULES WITH FULLY INVARIANT SUBMODULES ESSENTIAL IN FULLY INVARIANT SUMMANDS

ABSTRACT A module M is called (strongly) FI-extending if every fully invariant submodule is essential in a (fully invariant) direct summand. The class of strongly FI-extending modules is properly contained in the class of FI-extending modules and includes all nonsingular FI-extending (hence nonsingular extending) modules and all semiprime FI-exten ding rings. In this paper we examine the behavior of the class of strongly FI-extending modules with respect to the preservation of this property in submodules, direct summands, direct sums, and endomorphism rings.
Random Walks on a Lattice with Deterministic Local Dynamics

In this thesis we prove statistical properties of dynamical systems on a lattice with randomly occurring jumps. The original model of this type, called a hybrid system, was introduced by E. Kobre and L. S. Young in 2007. We use different methods to derive the drift rate and the averaged Central Limit Theorem. We generalize their results to piecewise uniformly expanding maps with countable partitions. We obtain an upper bound for the speed of convergence in the Central Limit Theorem and prove that the convergence is with tight maxima. We prove Large Deviation results. We also prove a quenched Central Limit Theorem, subject to a condition that can be verified following existing techniques for maps that are sufficiently expanding. Finally, we expand the drift rate results and averaged Central Limit Theorem to certain non-uniformly expanding systems.
10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023.

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Care in Diabetes" includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations and a full list of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introduction and Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes. org/SOC.
Relationship between the dose titration and adherence of mirogabalin in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain depending on renal function: a nationwide electronic medical record database study

ABSTRACT Background Mirogabalin has been attracting attention for treating peripheral neuropathic pain. The package insert recommends that mirogabalin should be titrated depending on renal function. Here, we investigated the relationship between dose titration patterns and adherence, and persistence of mirogabalin treatment. Research design and methods Peripheral neuropathic pain patients who initiated mirogabalin between March 2020 and May 2021 were identified using an electronic medical record database. The dose titration pattern was described according to degrees of renal function. Regression analyses were performed to compare adherence and persistence between the patients with and without titration. Results Of the 4,138 identified patients, 1,696 (41.0%) titrated the dose within 45 days and were more adherent than those without titration (Adjusted odds ratio: 1.75, 95% CI 1.21, 2.54). Of the total 952 patients with renal function parameters, 229 (24.1%) titrated to the effective dose within 45 days and were less likely to discontinue than those without titration (Adjusted hazard ratio: 0.57, 95% CI 0.40, 0.81). Conclusion Mirogabalin dose titration was associated with better adherence and persistence. It is important for mirogabalin treatment to determine the initial prescription dose based on renal function and subsequent dose titration according to the package insert. Trial registration UMIN000047313
Giant magnetoelectric effect in Ni–lead zirconium titanate cylindrical structure

The magnetoelectric (ME) coupling of a bilayered Ni–lead zirconate titanate composite structure synthesized by electrodeposition was studied in this paper. The ME voltage coefficient was measured in the range of 1–120kHz as the bias field is parallel to the axial. The results indicate that an electromechanical resonance appears at 59.9kHz. The bilayered cylindrical ME composite exhibits a special field dependence of ME coefficient. Either for the resonant state or the nonresonant state, above 1kOe, the ME voltage coefficient increased linearly with the strengthening of bias field, up to 30V∕cmOe at 8kOe.
Efficacy of Combining Multiple Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy Modalities for Diagnosing Lung Nodules

Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is one of the non-invasive methods used for lung nodule biopsy. We evaluated the efficacy of combining radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS)-guided transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) with ENB-guided TBLB or transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) for diagnosing lung nodules. Forty patients with a lung nodule underwent ENB-TBLB or TBNA, followed by R-EBUS-TBLB if available. The final diagnosis was benign or malignant, depending on the surgical pathology or 24-month follow-up computed tomography (CT). We compared the sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy between combinations of procedures. The mean nodule size was 21.65 mm, and 60.0% of the nodules were solid. The bronchus was within the nodule in 67.5% and 65.0% of cases examined using CT and R-EBUS, respectively. The accuracies of ENB-TBLB alone, ENB-TBLB/TBNA, and R-EBUS-TBLB plus ENB-TBLB/TBNA were 74.4%, 82.5%, and 90.0%, respectively. The sensitivity levels of the aforementioned procedures were 69.8%, 78.8%, and 87.9%, respectively. Among 21 patients who underwent both ENB-TBLB and R-EBUS-TBLB, the latter revealed malignant cells in three of nine patients (33.3%) with benign ENB-TBLB results. Combined ENB-TBLB/TBNA and R-EBUS-TBLB had increased sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy for lung nodules. ENB and R-EBUS are complementary; using both modalities improves the sensitivity and accuracy of lung nodule diagnoses.
Decompression versus decompression plus fusion for treating degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) is a complex clinical syndrome that leads to spinal compression. Decompression with fusion has been the most commonly used surgical procedure for treating DLSS symptoms for many years. However, the exact role of fusion and its effectiveness in DLSS therapy has recently been debated.