Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language Varieties and Translanguaging Among Students of High Socio-Economic Status

: The social status of speakers often influences the use of their languages, which might also reflect their sociocultural identity. This article aims to reveal the language varieties used by students from high social economic status (SES) and the use of translanguaging types they perform during their interactions with different people in their surroundings. Adopting a mix of content analysis and case study design, this study used observation on five high school students from high socio-economic backgrounds and from different school settings in public and private schools. The selection of these students followed a snowball technique, in which the research setting gatekeepers chose the suitable participants. The employment of different translanguaging types was then calculated in a tabulation form to reveal a pattern. The results show that Indonesian was used as the high variety while Javanese, English, and Japanese were used as the low variety. Their use of languages also shows the elaborate code as high SES normally use and identify as high SES they have. On the other hand, the most widely use type of translanguaging by students is interlingual translanguaging, which shows the frequency of interaction with foreign languages. Likewise, the use of figurative language was used as intersemiotic translanguaging when they communicated at home. These results build on existing evidence of the similarities of the goals and the environment will affect how they do interaction. Students with high socio-economic tend to maintain their identity through interlingual translanguaging. Eventually, they can interact with other students with the same goals to blend their social class or backgrounds directly. Therefore, the use of a proper and correct multi-linguistic strategy needs to be introduced.
Electrostimulation and Electromagnetic Therapy for the Treatment of Wounds Effective : July 1 , 2017

PLEASE NOTE: Contracts exclude from coverage, among other things, services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers may bill members for services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers are encouraged to inform members before rendering such services that the members are likely to be financially responsible for the cost of these services.
Characterizing the Dark Mahseer, Naziritor chelynoides (McClelland, 1839): A Morphological, Osteological, and Molecular Approach

Dark mahseer, Naziritor chelynoides is a vulnerable stream fish in several Asian countries, and developing an effective conservation strategy is impeded by incomplete information about its taxonomy. To address this research gap, in the current study dark mahseer collected from Himalayan stream in India (29°21`99.5` N and 79°33`23.9` E) were examined for their morphometric, meristic, osteological, and molecular characteristics. This study discovered unique features of dark mahseer, including its thin non-hypertrophied lower lip without median lobe, complete post-labial groove, 33 to 34 central perforated lateral line scales, a dark elliptical blotch at the angle of the operculum, and numerous fine black dots on a crescent pattern on scales. This species has 9 to 11 slender gill rakers (595.93±148.71 μm in length), 40 to 41 total vertebrae, 38 to 39 neural spines, 14 to 15 hemal spines, and fused first to fourth abdominal vertebrae. Molecular analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1), cytochrome b (cytb), and ATPase subunit 6&8 (ATPase 6&8) genes revealed the genetic distance of 0.08 to 0.10, 0.12 to 0.13, and 0.01 to 0.11 respectively from other Tor species. Our study enhances knowledge of dark mahseer's taxonomy, supporting conservation strategies for this valuable fish species.
The impact of rabbit grazing and soil moisture variation on saplinggrowth and survival in a semi arid Mediterranean ecosystem

Plant-plant interactions have been proposed as fundamental mechanisms in semiarid ecosystems. Yet little is known on how increased consumer pressure effects plant-plant interactions. Therefore this study aimed to investigate how facilitative effects changed under grazing regimes. We examined the effect of rabbit grazing and microsite variation on: 1) soil moisture 2) sapling growth and survival. Moreover we measured how sapling growth and survival changed along a rabbit grazing gradient. This was tested through a sapling transplant experiment where measurements of soil moisture, survival and height of saplings (Anthyllis cytisoides) were taken under the canopy of shrubs (Artimisia barrelieri) and in interpatches in a semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem. As we found that replicates were submitted to differences in rabbit activity we were able to mimic a grazing gradient. Results showed that rabbit grazing had a negative effect on saplings, decreasing height and survival. Microclimate amelioration and associational resistance, reduced negative effects of grazing, causing microsite variation of growth and survival. Along our rabbit herbivory gradient there was an increase in facilitation. However we found that under our highest grazing pressure, in contrast to the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH), facilitation declined. Although this decline, there remained a positive net effect for both growth and survival. We conclude that grazing by rabbits is a large driver affecting the spatial and temporal variation of sapling growth and survival and with increasing biotic stress facilitation is more likely to follow a humped-shape pattern than monotonically increase as predicted by the SGH.
Tradeoffs among Ecosystem Services, Performance Certainty, and Cost-efficiency in Implementation of the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load

The cost-effectiveness of total maximum daily load (TMDL) programs depends heavily on program design. We develop an optimization framework to evaluate design choices for the TMDL for the Potomac River, a Chesapeake Bay sub-basin. Scenario results suggest that policies inhibiting nutrient trading or offsets between point and nonpoint sources increase compliance costs markedly and reduce ecosystem service co-benefits relative to a least-cost solution. Key decision tradeoffs highlighted by the analysis include whether agricultural production should be exchanged for low-cost pollution abatement and other environmental benefits and whether lower compliance costs and higher co-benefits provide adequate compensation for lower certainty of water-quality outcomes.
Effect of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate: an in vitro study.

CONTEXT To improve the flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). AIM To evaluate whether the incorporation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) increases the flexural strength and to compare the different concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and its relation to flexural strength. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Study was conducted in Sri Ramachandra University utilizing 40 specimens manufactured from clear heat polymerizing acrylic resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty specimens of clear heat polymerizing acrylic resin of dimensions 65 Χ 10 Χ 3 mm as per ISO 1,567 standardization were fabricated and were grouped into A (CONTROL) with no titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, B with 0.5 gms of TiO 2 nanoparticles, C with 1 gm of TiO 2 nanoparticles and D with 2.5 gms of TiO 2 nanoparticles added.The concentrations of titanium dioxide in each group were 1 wt%, 2 wt% and 5 wt%. Universal testing machine INSTRON was used to load at the center of the specimen with a cross head speed of 1.50 mm/min and a span length of 40.00 mm. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED ANOVA and multiple comparisons are carried out using the independent t-test. RESULTS The ANOVA result shows that there is a significant difference between the groups with respect to the mean flexural strength. Highest mean flexural strength is observed in Group D, while the lowest is seen in Group A. Independent t-test revealed that there was a statistical significance between Group A and Group D (0.041) and between Group B and Group D (0.028). CONCLUSIONS The results concluded that polymethylmethacrylate reinforced with different concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles showed superior flexural strength than those of normal PMMA.
Impact of minimum support price on paddy cultivation: a micro level assessment

The present study aims at estimating the impact of minimum support price (MSP) on rice cultivation using a quasi-experiment-based robust research design, propensity score matching applied to household survey-based disaggregated primary data. Results indicate that MSP significantly impacts price realization in the disposal of paddy. Further, MSP has a fair influence on the marketed surplus of rice and the acreage devoted to the rice crop. The study finds important correlations between farmers’ decisions to avail MSP in rice. It has important policy implications from an implementation perspective to make it more effective to better off the paddy growers throughout the country.
Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Undergraduate Students of Winneba Campus of University of Education, Winneba, Ghana

Even though empirical evidence exists to validate the avowal that dietary habits hold the key in reducing the surge in non-communicable diseases among adolescents and young adults and for optimal nutritional status, little is known about the nexus of these variables in the Ghanaian context and much less in Ghanaian universities. In view of this dearth in literature, this study investigated dietary habits and its effect on nutritional status among undergraduate students of the Winneba Campus of University of Education, Winneba. Using the Social-Ecological Model (SEM) as the theoretical basis, this study adopted the cross-sectional descriptive survey research design with the quantitative approach where proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select 3,065 students for the study. The assessment of nutritional status was done where height and weight were measured in Kg/m2and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the recommendations by the World Health Organization. Data on the dietary habits was collected with a closed-ended questionnaire which was analyzed using both descriptive statistics like frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation as well as inferential statistics such as multiple regression.The study discovered that undergraduate students of the University of Education, Winneba, were of normal weight than overweight and underweight while obesity was ranked the least. The study further revealed that even though students moderately consumed fish, meat, eggs and dairy products legumes and nuts, they had a low intake of fruits and vegetables, but high consumption of energy-dense foods and fast foods such as cakes, pastries, cookies, deep-fried foods, biscuits, sandwiches, indomie and of soft drinks. It was further established that majority of the students skipped meals notably breakfast. Besides, the study showed that all the dietary habits outlined in the study collectively contributed significantly to students’ nutritional status. Therefore, it is recommended that the University through its health directorate and the Department of Food and Nutrition should regularly organize health talks and symposiums to admonish students on the dangers of not observing optimal dietary habits. Additionally, the University through its Academic Board should introduce a general course on nutrition education to equip students with current theories in dietary practices for improved dietary habits.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ABOUT PHARMACOVIGILANCE AMONG THE MEDICAL INTERNS IN A TERTIARY HEALTHCARE CENTRE IN KULASEKHARAM

Background: Drug therapy is an integral part of medical management. It has many beneficial effects, but some major disadvantages are side effects and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Hence this study aims to assess the attitude and application of Pharmacovigilance among Interns. Materials and Methods: A Cross-Sectional, Questionnaire-based study was conducted at Sree Mookambika Medical College (SMIMS), Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu. 85 Interns of SMIMS and Interns who are willing to participate in the study. The questionnaire was used to assess the awareness (perception of a situation or a fact), knowledge (theoretical or practical understanding of a subject) and the method of application of pharmacovigilance among the interns. Result: A questionnaire showed that about 31% of interns only had knowledge, 69.60% had a satisfactory response to attitude, and 75% had a satisfactory response regarding the Practice of Pharmacovigilance. In addition, it was noted that most students (68.83%) were not knowledgeable about pharmacovigilance. Still, most students (75%) knew how to report an ADR (adverse drug reaction). Conclusion: We can conclude that the overall attitude and practice are better among the interns. However, the knowledge of pharmacovigilance has to improve. It can be done by including pharmacovigilance
Effect of inspiratory muscle training on exercise tolerance in asthmatic individuals.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on exercise tolerance, inspiratory muscle fatigue, and the perception of dyspnea in asthmatic individuals. METHODS Using a matched double-blind placebo-controlled design, 15 clinically diagnosed asthmatic individuals underwent either 6 wk of IMT (n = 7) consisting of 30 breaths twice daily at 50% maximum inspiratory pressure (PI max) or sham-IMT (placebo; PLA, n = 8) consisting of 60 breaths daily at 15% PI max. Time to the limit of exercise tolerance (Tlim) was assessed using constant-power output (70% peak power) cycle ergometry. Inspiratory muscle fatigue was determined by comparing the pre- to postexercise reduction in PI max. Dyspnea during the Tlim test was evaluated at 2-min intervals using the Borg CR-10 scale. RESULTS There were no significant changes (P > 0.05) in Tlim, inspiratory muscle fatigue, or perception of dyspnea in the PLA group after the intervention. In contrast, in the IMT group, PI max increased by 28%, and Tlim increased by 16% (P < 0.05). Dyspnea during exercise was also reduced significantly by 16% (P < 0.05). The exercise-induced fall in PI max was reduced from 10% before IMT to 6% after IMT (P < 0.05), despite the longer Tlim. Pulmonary function remained unchanged in both the IMT and PLA groups. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that IMT attenuates inspiratory muscle fatigue, reduces the perception of dyspnea, and increases exercise tolerance. These findings suggest that IMT may be a helpful adjunct to asthma management that has the potential to improve participation and adherence to exercise training in this group. However, the perception of breathlessness is also an important signal of bronchoconstriction, and thus, caution should be exercised if this symptom is abnormally low.
COMPARATIVE OBSERVATIONAL PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF CLONIDINE AS AN ADJUNCT TO INDUCTION AGENTS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING SURGERY

Background: An alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, clonidine has been shown to have perioperative effects such as decreased anaesthetic needs, improved hemodynamic equilibrium, and analgesia, although its therapeutic utility in cardiac surgery remains understudied. We attempted to observe the effect of clonidine as an adjunct to induction agents and study the intraoperative hemodynamics in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). Materials and Methods: Eighty subjects were recruited as per the eligibility criteria and subdivided into two groups with forty subjects each, i.e., the control group receiving normal saline and the case groups receiving I.V. clonidine as a pre-medication dose of 4µg/kg in the OT. The patients were then induced with injections of midazolam (0.1 mg/kg), fentanyl (5-10 µg/kg) and vecuronium (0.1mg/kg). For maintenance, a sevoflurance (2%) sedation mixture was used. Various intraoperative and hemodynamic parameters were monitored at various timepoints. Result: In control groups, parameters such as SBP, DBP, HR, MAP, and HCO3 significantly deviated from baseline, albeit the case group displayed the stabilised effect of clonidine over these parameters when compared to their baseline values. On the other hand, parameters like CVP, K+, PCO2, PO2, ACT, and HCT values significantly differed in both the groups upon intragroup comparison from baseline. Conclusion: Upon comparison, premedication treatment with intravenous clonidine as an adjunct to induction agents in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
KNOWLEDGE OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE: INVESTIGATING THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF PARENTS AND CAREGIVERS REGARDING CHILDHOOD OBESITY, HEALTHY EATING HABITS, AND THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR CHILDREN

Background: Childhood obesity is a significant global health concern with multifaceted causes. Parents and caregivers play a crucial role in shaping children's lifestyles, making their knowledge and attitudes essential for addressing this issue. Understanding parental knowledge and attitudes is vital for developing effective interventions. Materials and Methods: A sample of 300 parents and caregivers of children aged 5 to 12 years was recruited using a convenience sampling approach. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire assessing demographics, knowledge of childhood obesity and healthy lifestyle practices, and attitudes towards childhood obesity, healthy eating habits, and physical activity. Statistical analysis, including correlation analyses and regression models, was performed to explore associations and variations. Result: The analysis revealed gaps in parental knowledge, with a substantial proportion having only partial or inadequate knowledge of childhood obesity, healthy eating habits, and the importance of physical activity. Educational level emerged as a consistent predictor, with higher education associated with higher odds of adequate knowledge and positive attitudes. Correlation analyses showed that higher knowledge levels were associated with more positive attitudes. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for targeted educational interventions to improve parental knowledge and promote positive attitudes towards childhood obesity and healthy lifestyles. Tailored interventions considering demographic factors can be instrumental in empowering parents and caregivers to make informed decisions and adopt healthy behaviors, thus combating childhood obesity. These findings have implications for healthcare providers and policymakers in developing evidence-based strategies.
Creative tourism: a preliminary examination of creative tourists’ motivation, experience, perceived value and revisit intention

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between tourists’ motivation, experience, perceived value and revisit intentions to creative tourism destinations. The ever-growing concept of creativity has been introduced into the tourism field. Creative tourism has been viewed as a strategy to regenerate destinations physically, culturally and socially. To develop tourism products and provide services that integrate the concept of creativity to satisfy tourists’ needs by developing a more active and long-lasting form of experience, this study aims to examine tourist consumption psychology in the context of creative tourism destinations. Past studies have identified motivation, perceived value and experience as three major antecedents affecting tourists’ revisit intentions. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical study was carried out in three popular creative tourism spots, Meinong, Shuili and Yingge, located, respectively, in the north, middle and south Taiwan. These creative.
EVALUATION OF REVISION SURGERY IN CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA (MUCOSAL TYPE): ASSESSING EFFICACY AND LONG-TERM RESULTS

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a prevalent condition in developing countries, causing hearing impairment due to chronic inflammation of the middle ear structures. Tympanoplasty, a common ear surgery, aims to repair the perforated tympanic membrane. Despite the generally successful outcomes, there are cases of surgical failure attributed to various factors like active infection, wound healing issues, graft material choice, eustachian tube dysfunction, and comorbidities. This study aims to identify the factors responsible for the failure of tympanoplasty in cases of CSOM (mucosal type) and develop a management protocol for revision surgeries. The study seeks to investigate the causes of surgical failure in cases of CSOM (mucosal type) and devise a management protocol for revision surgeries. Additionally, it aims to assess the outcomes of revision tympanoplasty with simple mastoidectomy. Materials and Methods: The study was an observational ambispective conducted in a tertiary care hospital from January 2020 to June 2021, involving 15 patients aged 18-60 years who had either directly presented or were referred with failed previous tympanoplasty. Patient data, surgical details, associated nasal complaints, and medical history were recorded. Preoperative assessments included Pure Tone Audiometry and imaging.
STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS ON MORE THAN THREE YEARS OF TREATMENT IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

Background: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is children's most common chronic disease. This study aims to explore the prevalence of hypertension, microalbuminuria, retinopathy, and neuropathy with the duration of diabetes and levels of metabolic control. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 40 paediatric patients diagnosed with diabetes. Demographic data, including gender distribution, were recorded. Clinical parameters, such as DKA presentation and number of admissions, were assessed. Biochemical parameters were measured, including HbA1c, blood sugar at diagnosis, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, and urine ACR. Results: The study included 40 patients, with 43% being male and 57% female. DKA presentations varied, with Nodka, Mild, Moderate, and Severe categories accounting for 7.5%, 20%, 47.5%, and 25% of cases, respectively. Most patients (67.5%) had one admission, while 15%, 12.5%, and 5% had two, three, and four admissions, respectively. Analysis of biochemical parameters revealed the mean HbA1c level to be 8.61 ± 1.63, ranging from 6 to 12.8. The prevalence of Diabetic Nephropathy among 40 children studied was 15% (n=6). The prevalence of diabetic neuropathy was 5% (n=2). The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was the least at 2% (n=1) and was statistically insignificant among other microvascular complications. Conclusion: Children with T1DM often develop microvascular complications, particularly Diabetic Nephropathy. Risk factors include duration of illness, severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis, poor glycemic control, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Early identification through routine screening, including microalbuminuria and NCV tests, is essential to prevent long-term morbidity.