Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinematics of the Slumgullion landslide revealed by ground-based InSAR surveys

Knowledge of landslide kinematics is a basic requirement for understanding landsliding mechanisms. Traditional approaches for characterizing landslide kinematics often require centimetersmeters of landslide movement to be effective, are labor intensive, costly, time consuming, and can be dangerous or impossible on inaccessible landslides. We tested the IBIS-L, which is a ground-based, interferometric, synthetic aperture radar, to determine whether it could rapidly acquire kinematic data for the complex, 3.9-km-long Slumgullion landslide located in Colorado, USA. The landslide moves persistently at rates of ∼cm/d. Displacement data acquired by the IBIS-L, apart from some points located in vegetated areas, compared favorably with measurements made using GPS surveys and in-situ instrumentation. Within one day of surveying, kinematic elements comprising the landslide were clearly evident and correlated well with results from previous field mapping and analyses of aerial photographs. Preliminary analyses of results provide insight into characteristics of the landslide. to meters) to be effective. Additionally, these traditional approaches for documenting landslide kinematics require access to the landslide, careful selection of proper monitoring equipment and locations for point monitoring, and weeks-months for initial site evaluations, planning, permit acquisitions, equipment installation, mapping activities, and, most importantly, sufficient landslide movement to permit the mapping and monitoring methods to be effective. Interferometric ground-based InSAR (GBInSAR) surveying can overcome many of the limitations inherent in traditional kinematic studies by providing autonomous, rapid acquisitions (minutes) of kinematic data at long distances (up to 4 km) and across large areas (several km2) from remote locations with displacement accuracy on the order of mm or better (e.g., Tarchi et al. 2003a, b). These surveys can be performed in any weather and lighting conditions and do not require access to the landslide for any reason, including for installation of manmade reflectors. Furthermore, kinematic data can be reduced in near real time, permitting GB-InSAR to be used for monitoring of critical slope failures and issuing of alarms when selected movement characteristics are observed. GB-InSAR is now commonly used by prominent mining groups internationally and by civil protection authorities in developed
Glacier Change in the North Cascades, Washington: 1900-2009

i Acknowledgements ii List of Tables iv List of Figures vi Chapter 1 Introduction Study Area 3 Previous Glacier Studies 7 Chapter 2 – Glacier Population Inventory Introduction 10 Methods 10 Results 13 Analysis 19 Discussion & Conclusions 26 Chapter 3 – Temporal Glacier Inventory Introduction 29 Methods 29 Results 33 Analysis 36 Discussion & Conclusions 59 Chapter 4 – Climate and Topographic Analysis Introduction 62 Methods 63 Results 66 Discussion & Conclusions 81 Chapter 5 – Discussion and Conclusions 85 References 90 Appendix A – 24K Subset 98 Appendix B – Temporal Glacier Inventories 115 Appendix C – Climate Data 128 Supplemental CD 130
Hopes and deception in transgenic agriculture.

It points out the need to change the mentality of the technologies used in agriculture, default chemicalization, use of pesticides and animal growth biostimulatorilor and beyond.These have to be tempered first under biological laws, and after that under economic criteria and not vice versa as it has been done before. The technologies used to increase productivity in agriculture have evolved continuously, and if at first the effects were considered beneficial for mankind, then we found that things are not quite so. The same thing happened with genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which were "experienced" with great expectations. In the developed material, the authors present some information on the evolution, criticism and failure of GMOs. Today, based on overwhelming evidence, there is a growing opposition to GM products, despite the offensive of some production corporations. More intensive work is needed from the environmental organizations and forums, in order for the governments officials to be able to make decisions, to act in the interest of a healthy diet of humans and animals.
Numerical simulations of the cosmic star formation history

The cosmic star formation history in Cold Dark Matter dominated cosmological scenarios is studied by means of hydrodynamical numerical simulations. In particular, we explore a low density model with a -term and two high density models with dierent power spectra, all of them being spatially flat. Our simulations employ a fully nonlinear N-body and Eulerian hydrodynamics algorithm with a model for star formation and supernovae feedback that depends on two phenomenological parameters determined in agreement with previous papers. We nd a nearly constant star formation rate beyond z = 1, and we discuss which facts may determine the decrease in the SFR from z = 1 to the present epoch. The -term cosmology with realistic parameters for star formation and feedback best reproduces the observed star formation history.
Precomputed Routing in a Store and Forward Satellite Constellation

Satellite constellations like Orbcomm provide store and forward message communication services. Inter-satellite links (ISL) are not considered in order to keep the system simple and the costs moderate ([1], [2]). Rather, gateways may act as relays between satellites. In this context, routing is important because it helps to control the end-to-end delay and resources utilization (e.g. on-board memory). However, routing must face frequent changes and partitioning of the network because of the satellite motion. Similar routing problems have been studied in the transportation field (e.g. subway and railways). In this contribution, the shortest path problem with time windows (SPPTW) is applied to satellite constellations and a pre-computed routing algorithm is derived. Simulation results show how this algorithm reduces the end-to-end delay of the routes.
Score Tests With Incomplete Covariates and High-Dimensional Auxiliary Variables

Analysis of modern biomedical data is often complicated by the presence of missing values. When variables of interest are missing for some subjects, it is desirable to use observed auxiliary variables, which are sometimes high-dimensional, to impute or predict the missing values to improve statistical efficiency. Although many methods have been developed for prediction using high-dimensional variables, it is challenging to perform valid inference based on the predicted values. In this paper, we develop an association test for an outcome variable and a potentially missing covariate, where the covariate can be predicted using selected variables from a set of highdimensional auxiliary variables. We establish the validity of the test under data-driven model selection procedures. We demonstrate the validity of the proposed method and its advantages over existing methods through extensive simulation studies and provide an application to a major cancer genomics study.
Urbanization and Nature-Culture-Health Activities -

This paper present a new concept called “The NatureCultureHealth Interplay (NaCuHeal). The main aim of the concept is to promote health, environment and quality of life among all (1). The purpose is also to create a common arena and forum for wholeness thinking and creativity among participants. What is offered at this ”agora”, is nature-culture-health activities among people in the local community (2). One of the the challenge is, however, to get various interest groups, i.e. public agencies, private businesses, voluntary organisations and pioneers to co-operate in order to develop the idea to be realised in health promoting settings (3). During the last 15 years, partnerships for health promotion and new and diverse networks have been created to achieve intersectoral collaboration in a local community (1,4). A center described below is now one of the official partners of public health in the county of Akershus as well as the municipality of Asker, 20 kilometers west of Oslo in Norway.
Morphometric analysis of UK lake systems as a compliance tool for the European Water Framework Directive

The European Water Framework Directive 2000 (WFD) stipulates that surface water bodies, such as lakes, should achieve good ecological and chemical status (pollutant levels) by 2015. However, the extant environmental monitoring programmes of most member states have major deficiencies in terms of the baseline data required, thus potentially jeopardising the compliance schedules of the WFD. Great Britain has over 40 000 lakes >1 ha, but bathymetric data are available for less than 2%. This paper presents a collation of available bathymetric data (622 sites) and demonstrates the utility of morphometric analysis to bridge the gap between surveyed and un-surveyed systems. Type-specific relations between mean (D mv ) and maximum (D max ) water depths were developed for natural lakes (r 2 values ranging from 0.87 to 0.99), as well as modified systems and impoundments (r2 values ranging from 0.74 to 0.99). Stepwise regression was also undertaken to predict D mv and D max using only map-derived information (such as lake area, catchment area and shoreline length). The results varied markedly between geological types, with medium alkalinity (MA) lakes giving the highest coefficients of determination (R 2 of 0.79 and 0.82, respectively). Predicting D mv is important because it permits calculation of parameters such as the volume (V) (and hence residence time) and dynamic ratio (D R ) which provides a measure of the likely extent of sediment re-suspension. This preliminary analysis has demonstrated the potential of the morphometric approach to generate valuable parameters from limited field investment and will provide a valuable stop-gap until the results of the WFD's comprehensive monitoring programmes are realized.
Tropical cooling at the last glacial maximum and extratropical ocean ventilation1

The NCAR CSM is used to simulate the climate at Last Glacial Maximum. The CSM simulates a tropical SST cooling of 2.1°C. It is shown that about half of this tropical cooling is associated with the upper ocean circulation, especially the ventilation of thermocline and intermediate waters from the mid/high latitude South Pacific.
Nonparametric Identification and Estimation of Random Coefficients in Multinomial Choice Models

Multinomial choice and other nonlinear models are often used to estimate demand. We show how to nonparametrically identify and estimate the distribution of random coefficients that characterizes the heterogeneity among agents in multinomial models. In particular, we provide general identification conditions for a class of nonlinear models with random coefficients and then verify these conditions using the primitives of the multinomial choice model. We allow prices to be endogenous and also study the case where consumers purchase multiple products at once, with bundle-specific prices. We show how identification leads to the consistency of a nonparametric estimator. ∗Thanks to Stephane Bonhomme, Steven Durlauf, James Heckman, Salvador Navarro, Philip Reny, Susanne Schennach, Azeem Shaikh, Christopher Taber, Harald Uhlig and Edward Vytlacil for helpful comments. Also thanks to seminar participants at many workshops. Fox thanks the National Science Foundation, the Olin Foundation, and the Stigler Center for financial support. Thanks to Chenchuan Li for research assistance. Our email addresses are jtfox@umich.edu and agandhi@ssc.wisc. edu.
On the spatial and temporal distribution of near surface soil moisture across a low-arctic tundra hillslope

Recent changes in global climate are having an unprecedented effect on the Arctic environment. This thesis examines the surface hydrology of a heterogeneous low-Arctic Tundra heath hillslope site near Abisko, Northern Sweden (68 17'N, 18 51’E) from May 2003 to September 2005, The study centred on two grids; on a hillslope (10800 m(^2)) and a flatter site (20000 m(^2)) with average slopes of approximately 10 and 7 respectively. Spatial soil moisture measurements, at 5 cm depth and 10 m grid spacing, were carried out in May, June, July, August, September 2003 and May, July, August, September 2004. Time series of soil moisture and temperature (at 5 cm and 10 cm depths) were also recorded at half hourly intervals between June 2003 and September 2005. Spatial surveys of topography, snow depth, soil properties, soil depth and vegetation height were also undertaken producing a high resolution dataset. Variogram analysis of the spatial soil moisture patterns shows seasonal variation. Ranges of between 50 m and 55 m were obtained, with the variograms having distinct sills and nuggets. The nugget values fall within the range expected due to measurement error. Directional variograms demonstrate that, on the hillslope, topography is an important factor driving the soil moisture distribution during the spring snowmelt period. This is not the case during the drier summer months. Conversely, soil moisture patterns show continuity and connectivity when the soils are wet during the spring snowmelt period. The topography of the site influences spatial snow distribution, vegetation community structure and soil properties. Topographic index values, derived from digital elevation models, were not correlated well with observed soil moisture values due, in part, to heterogeneous soil properties. This study suggests that the processes driving soil moisture variability for this area switch between topographical controls (when soils are wet) and local controls such as soil properties and evapotranspiration (when soils are dry). A Monte-Carlo parameter sweep method was employed, using observed soil moisture values, to give effective soil parameters values for use in a land surface model (JULES). The ID model did not perform well when modelling soil moisture values during the freeze and thaw periods on the hillslope since the effects of lateral water movement could not be accounted for. Comparisons with the flatter site were much more favourable. It is clear that the hydrology of high latitudes are driven by the same underlying processes as in other parts of the world; the redistribution of water due to topography when soils are wet and the vertical water fluxes due to soil, vegetation and climate when the soils are dry.
Climatic change and the risk of lake eutrophication

Climatic variation and change affect the dynamics of nutrients and ecosystem processes.The aim is to quantitatively evaluate changes in phosphorus dynamics resulting from a climate warming in lakes. Long-term data and the results of a regional climate model, a physical lake model and a phosphorus model generated for three Swedish lakes with different morphometry and trophic status were analysed. The analysis of the long-term data and the models varied greatly with respect to the variability and the response of the phosphorus dynamics to past and future climate scenarios. The risk of lake eutrophication will be discussed.
The Role of Labor Market Intermittency in Explaining Gender Wage Differentials

Using the Health and Retirement Survey and standard wage decomposition techniques, this paper finds that the difference in intermittent labor force participation between men and women accounts for 47 percent of the contribution to the wage gap of differences in observed characteristics. Not controlling for intermittent behavior results in too much importance being placed on gender differences in job characteristics.
The UMIST database for astrochemistry 1999

We report a new version of the UMIST database for astrochemistry. The previous (1995) version has been updated and its format has been revised. The database contains the rate coefficients, temperature ranges and – where available – the temperature dependence of 4113 gas-phase reactions important in astrophysical environments. The data involve 396 species and 12 elements. We have also tabulated permanent electric dipole moments of the neutral species and heats of formation. A new table lists the photo process cross sections (ionisation, dissociation, fragmentation) for a few species for which these quantities have been measured. Data for Deuterium fractionation are given in a separate table. Finally, a new online Java applet for data extraction has been created and its use is explained in detail. The detailed new datafiles and associated software are available on the World Wide Web at http://www.rate99. co.uk.
Answers to the reviewers

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM), the The symbiosis between a host plants and Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) mycorrhizal fungi, has beenare shown to considerably influence the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes between the soil, the rhizosphere, and plants in boreal forest ecosystems. However, ECM is are either neglected or presented 510 as an implicit, non-dynamic term in most ecosystem models which can potentially reduce their predictive power of models. In order to investigate the necessity of an explicit consideration of ECM in ecosystem models, we implemented the previously developed MYCOFON model into a detail process-based, soil-plant-atmosphere model, CoupModel.MYCOFON, which, which explicitly describes the C and N fluxes between ECM and roots. This 515 new Coup-Mycofon MYCOFON model approach (ECM explicit) is compared to with two simpler model approaches; , of which one contains containing ECM implicitly as an non-dynamic N uptake function a dynamic uptake of organic N considering the plant roots to represent the ECM (ECM implicit), and the other represents a static N approachversion w where plant growth has a constant N availabilityis limited to a fixed N level (nonlim). Parameter uncertainties are quantified by using Bayesian calibration where the model outputs are constrained to 520 current forest growth and soil C/N ratioconditions for four forest sites along a climate and N deposition gradient in Sweden and simulated over a 100 100-year period. Our results show that tThe “nonlim” approach could not describe the soil C/N ratio, due to largely overestimation of soil N sequestration but simulate could does not describe both the forest growth reasonably welland soil C and N conditions properly. The ECM “implicit”/ “explicit” approaches are is both able to describe current conditions 525 with acceptable uncertainty the soil C/N ratio well but slightly underestimate the forest growth. The “implicit” approach simulated lower litter production and soil respiration than the “explicit” approach. Meanwhile, TTthe ECM “explicit” Coup-Mycofon model provides a more detailed description of internal ecosystems fluxeses and feedbackss of C and N fluxes between plants, soil and ECM. Our modelling highlights the need of to incorporating incorporate ECM and organic N uptake into current ecosystem models, and the “nonlim” approach is not 530 recommended for future long-term soil C and N predictions. We also provide a key set of posterior fungal parameters which can be further investigated and evaluated in future ECM studies.
Incentives and Responses under No Child Left Behind: Credible Threats and the Role of Competition

The No Child Left Behind law mandated the institution of adequate yearly progress (AYP) objectives, on which schools are assigned a pass or fail. Fail status is associated with negative publicity and often sanctions. In this paper, I study the incentives and responses of schools that failed AYP once. Using data from the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction and regression discontinuity designs, I find evidence in these schools of improvements in high-stakes reading and spillover effects to low-stakes language arts. The patterns are consistent with a focus on marginal students around the high-stakes cutoff, but this improvement did not come at the expense of the ends. Meanwhile, there is little evidence of improvement in high-stakes math or in low-stakes science and social studies. Performance in low-stakes grades suffered, as did performance in weaker subgroups despite their inclusion in AYP computations. While there is no evidence of robust effects in either test participation or graduation, attendance improved in threatened schools where it mattered for AYP. Finally, there is strong evidence in favor of response to incentives: Schools that failed AYP only in reading and/or math subsequently did substantially better in those subject areas. Credibility of threat mattered. AYP-failed schools that faced more competition responded more strongly and also more broadly, robust evidence in favor of improvements in all AYP objectives.
Activation of Platelet Function Through G Protein–Coupled Receptors Platelets As Immune Cells: Bridging Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease In Vivo Thrombus Formation in Murine Models Clinical Aspects of Platelet Inhibitors and Thrombus Formation Platelet Adhesion

The platelet, once thought to be solely involved in clot formation, is now known to be a key mediator in various others processes such as inflammation, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. Supported by the wealth of evidence from clinical trials demonstrating their benefits in patient outcomes, antiplatelet agents have become paramount in the prevention and management of various diseases involving the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral arterial systems. Despite being among the most widely used and studied classes of medical therapies, new discoveries regarding important clinical aspects and properties of these agents continue to be made. As our understanding of platelet biology expands, more effective and safer novel therapies continue to be developed. The use of more refined agents in conjunction with a better understanding of their effects will further the ability to provide more optimized care on an individual basis. (Circ Res. 2007;100:1261-1275.)
Modélisation de l'érosion fluviatile long-terme : application au Bassin parisien (faibles érosions) et au Rhône messinien (fortes érosions)

Comment extraire de l'information et prevoir le comportement d'un systeme dont on ne connait qu'un nombre limite d'informations ? Nous avons simule l'erosion fluviatile long-terme et ses consequences sur la base d'un modele prenant en compte les processus physiques. Nous avons complete le modele mecanique par l'integration de considerations sur l'evolution dans le temps des grandeurs caracteristiques du systeme en les simulant par l'intermediaire du signal d'insolation (influence des parametres astronomiques sur les changements climatiques). Dans le cas du bassin parisien, les simulations ont mis en evidence l'existence d'un soulevement tectonique regulier de 0.06 a 0.09 mm/an lors des derniers cycles climatiques (plusieurs dizaines de milliers d'annees). L'equilibre dynamique du systeme fluctue en fonction des variations climatiques : le dernier maximum d'incision, estime par l'intermediaire de la simulation, a eu lieu il y a 40 a 60 ka. Dans le cas des fortes incisions, le paleo-profil des fleuves enregistre les proprietes mecaniques de la lithosphere. On obtient ainsi une methode alternative et elegante pour determiner celles-ci. Suivant l'echelle de temps et d'espace etudiee, le profil longitudinal des fleuves peut reveler soit les mouvements tectoniques, soit les changements de climat, soit enfin les proprietes mecaniques de la lithosphere. La modelisation permet de combler certaines lacunes sur les evenements passes et constitue un outil de prediction long-terme.