Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Besuchetionella New Genus, with Descriptions of Eighteen New Species from Asia (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Agathidiini)

A key to the genera of the Agathidiini, a differential table of characters of the genera, and a cladogram of the relationships of the genera are presented. Besuchetionella new genus and 18 new species are described from the Palaearctic Region (2 species from Japan) and the Oriental Region (16 species): Besuchetionella ater n. sp. (Burma); B.bhutanensis n. sp. (Bhutan); B. caovansungi n. sp. (Vietnam); B. castanea n. sp. (Japan); B. grossa n. sp. Inodnesia: Java); B. javaensis n. sp. (Indonesia: Java); B. loebliana n. sp. India: Madras); B. malayana n. sp. (Malaysia: Malaya); B. meghalayana n. sp. India: Meghalaya); B. minuta n. sp. (Malaysia: Sabah); B. nepalensis n. sp. Nepal); B. nipponica n. sp. (Japan); B. rufa n. sp. (Philippines); B. sabahensis n. sp. (Malaysia: Sabah); B. semipunctata n. sp. (Taiwn); B. taiwanensis n. sp. (Taiwan ); B. unicolor n. sp. (Cambodia); and B. watrousi n. sp. (Malaysia: Malaya).
The Effect of Lipopolysaccharide Modifications – Antigenic Factors 1, 5, 122 and 27-on the Virulence of Salmonella Strains for Mice

Summary: The virulence of Salmonella typhimurium is known to depend on the presence and on the quality of smooth-type O side-chains in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We have studied the effect on virulence of O side-chain modifications – O factors 5, 1, 122 and 27 which correspond to acetyl or glucosyl side-branches or a change in the linkage between repeating oligosaccharide units of the LPS (27). The LD50 values of sister strains with and without these factors did not differ significantly, nor could we detect selection during mouse passage for or against forms possessing a variable O factor except perhaps in the case of factor 27. These O side-chain modifications thus appear neutral in respect of virulence.
Typification of some of Hudson's plant names in Carex L.

The types of seven names of Carex species described by Hudson in the first and second editions of Flora anglica are designated here. Four lectotypes are chosen; two are plates, from Morison and Plukenet, a third is from original material conserved at BM-SL (all of them fixed by epitypes) and a fourth is from original material conserved at K. For the remaining three names, we have designed neotypes, selecting among appropriate material from the same regions and habitats indicated by Hudson.
The Declining Distribution of the Okinawa Rail Gallirallus okinawae

沖縄本島北部のやんばる地域において,ヤンバルクイナの分布を,音声プレイバック法を用いて調査し,結果を過去の調査結果と比較した。 その結果1996～1999年は,調査した95メッシュのうち49メッシュでヤンバルクイナの生息が確認され,確認できたメッシュの割合は51. 6%であった。 2000～2001年にヤンバルクイナの生息が確認されたのは,調査した255メッシュのうち116メッシュでその割合は45. 5%であった。 生息域の南限が,1985～1986年からの15年間に約10km北上し,生息域の面積は約25%減少したものと考えられた。 一方沖縄県によってマングースの駆除が実施されたが,捕獲された地域はヤンバルクイナが見られなくなった地域と一致することがわかった。 このことから,ヤンバルクイナの生息域の減少には,マングースが関与していることが強く示唆された。
An Analysis of Sand from Green Turtle Nesting Beaches on Ascension Island

Sand samples from most of the beaches on Ascension Island which are used by green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were collected and analyzed for organic, water and calcium carbonate content, pH, color and grain size distribution. Color, grain size distribution and water content varied to such an extent that Ascension beaches encompass the ranges of these parameters for green turtle nesting beaches surveyed in other parts of the world. A brief nesting survey and examination of nesting records kept by Mariculture, Ltd. suggested less frequent nesting on beaches near civilization, where human disturbance was high. There was no correlation between any other beach parameter and nesting frequency. We conclude that in the absence of disturbance or competition, green turtles have a wide tolerance of physical conditions on their nesting beaches.
Behavior of Black and Gray Morphs of Sciurus carolinensis in an Urban Environment

-Melanism in the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) is currently found primarily in urban populations and near the northern limit of the species' range. Selected behaviors were examined in Syracuse, New York, to determine if significant differences exist between black and gray morphs which may have survival implications in urban environments and perhaps throughout the range of the gray squirrel. No differences in wariness between the morphs was demonstrated when flight response to approaching humans and dogs was tested. Although males were dominant over females and initiators of encounters usually were victors, neither color morph was more dominant in aggressive encounters at feeding stations. Quantification of sunning behavior during the months of February and March revealed no differences in behavioral thermoregulation between the two morphs. These results suggest that the distribution of color morphs is not due to pleiotropic behavioral trait differences, that neither morph is likely to have a mating advantage, and the variation among demes suggests random factors (drift).
Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Approaches toward Understanding Strain-Induced Cytoskeletal Remodeling and Mechanotransduction

Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Approaches toward Understanding StrainInduced Cytoskeletal Remodeling and Mechanotransduction. (August 2012) Hui-Ju Hsu, B.S.; M.S., National Cheng Kung University; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Roland R. Kaunas Actin stress fibers (SFs) are mechanosensitive structural elements that respond to applied strain to regulate cell morphology, signal transduction, and cell function. The purpose of this dissertation is to elucidate the effects of mechanical stretch on cell mechanobiology via the following three aims. First, a sarcomeric model of SFs was developed to describe the role of actomyosin crossbridge cycling in SF tension regulation and reorientation in response to various modes of stretch. Using model parameters extracted from literature, this model described the dependence of cyclic stretch-induced SF alignment on a two-dimensional (2-D) surface on positive perturbations in SF tension caused by the rate of lengthening, which was consistent with experimental findings. Second, the sarcomeric model was used to predict how stretchinduced pro-inflammatory mechanotransduction depends on the mode of strain application. Together with experimental data, the results indicated that stretch-induced stress fiber alignment, MAPK activations and downstream pro-inflammatory gene expressions are dependent on SF strain rate (and related changes in SF tension) rather than SF turnover. Third, to produce biocompatible materials that are both mechanically resilient under (physiological) load and also mechanosensitive, a novel hybrid engineered tissue was developed that transmits strain stimuli to cells residing in threedimensional (3-D) collagen microspheres. However, the macroscopic stress is largely borne by a more resilient acellular polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel
Astaxanthin in juvenile farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) : effective dietary levels for flesh pigmentation and influence on fatty acid profile during cold temperature storage of fillets

Astaxanthin (Ax) is the pigment responsible for the characteristic flesh colour of salmonids and must be present in the diet of farmed salmon in order for them to attain a colour acceptable to consumers. These studies were conducted to investigate the potential for early pigmentation in chinook salmon, to determine an effective dietary concentration of Ax for juvenile chinook, and to examine possible antioxidative activity of Ax in salmon fillets stored under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at -3°C. In Experiment 1, all-female chinook salmon smolts with a mean initial body weight of ~40g were fed a diet containing no added Ax (control), or one of three diets containing low (3 mm pellet, 29.56 ppm Ax; 4 mm pellet, 25.73 ppm Ax), medium (3 mm pellet, 40.11 ppm Ax; 4 mm pellet, 39.60 ppm Ax) or high (3 mm pellet, 76.42 ppm Ax; 4 mm pellet, 59.82 ppm Ax) synthetic Ax. Fish were fed the 3 mm pellet for the first three monihs and the 4 mm pellet for the remainder of the study. At three and seven months, 24 fish per treatment were sacrificed and analyzed for colour using the Roche Colour Card for Salmonids, a Hunter Lab Labscan, and quantification of flesh Ax concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography. Results from Experiment 1 showed that chinook salmon weighing < 120 g were capable of attaining a high degree of visible pigmentation. In general, there was not a good direct relationship between fish size and flesh level of Ax. The concentration of Ax in the diet had a significant effect on flesh colour and Ax content, but not the proximate composition of the fillet. Time was not a significant factor in pigmentation, however the time*diet interaction was significant. Good correlations (r > 0.8) were found between flesh levels of Ax and the Hunter Lab a, chroma, and Roche Colour Card scores. In Experiment 2, pigmented and non-pigmented fillets were stored at -3°C for up to 6 weeks under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Methyl esterified lipid extracts from all fillets were analyzed via gas chromatography to assess changes in fatty acid composition attributed to oxidation. Analysis of the ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids from Experiment 2 revealed no significant difference due to pigmentation of fillets. This indicates that astaxanthin had neither antioxidative nor prooxidative activity under the conditions used in the present study.
An Inventory of the Present and Past Glacierization of Home Bay and Okoa Bay, East Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada, and Some Climatic and Palaeoclimatic Considerations

An air-photograph inventory of the present glacierization of areas of east Baffin Island adjoining Home Bay and Okoa Bay is described. Ice fields characterize the broad mountain summits of the former while the latter is an area of cirque glaciers. The extent of glacierization is statistically related to various topographic parameters. It is found that there is a 4: 1 ratio between Home Bay and Okoa Bay in the area of ice as a percent of the land area above 600 m a.s. l. Trend-surface analyses are made of the distribution of snow-banks and of cirques (empty and with ice bodies) in the two areas. The orientation of the cirques and of the ice-field glaciers in Home Bay is also examined. 39% of empty cirques in Okoa Bay face south, whereas those with existing glaciers are restricted to orientations with azimuths between 310°-145°. Neither glacier length nor the observable recession in the Home Bay area show any significant difference with regard to; aspect. Consideration of climatic parameters (snowfall and degree days) and synoptic-climatological results provide no reason for the strong contrast between the two areas. Cool, cloudy summer conditions are associated with easterly flow components that should affect both areas. A possible model for the inception of the mountain ice fields of Home Bay c. 2000-4000 years ago is outlined and it is suggested that differential lag effects between the ice bodies in the two areas may be responsible for some of the observed difference. The many paradoxical relationships between glacierization. topography and climate in these areas, and the rather negative results, emphasize the dangers of facile palaeoclimatic interpretations.
The Eradication of Seed-Borne Septoria Lactucae Pass, from Lettuce with Aerated Steam

SummarySeptoria lactucae, the cause of a leaf-spot disease of lettuce, can seriously affect commercial crops in New South Wales. Aerated steam treatment of seed of the cultivar Bondi at 54.4 °C for 20 or 25 minutes was found to eradicate the disease without loss of germinability.
Cross-Fostering as a Management Tool for the Kirtland's Warbler

Spizella passerina pourrait etre utilise comme parent adoptif pour sauvegarder une espece menacee: Dendroica kirtlandii (si les resultats obtenus sur D. petechia lui sont applicables) en l'introduisant dans des regions qu'il n'occupe pas habituellement
The relative importance of variables in initial conditions for dynamical weather prediction

Tests were made to evaluate the relative importance of large errors in some of the variables formally required to specify initial conditions for the time integration of the hydro-thermodynamic equations for the atmospheric motion. The prime purpose was to analyze the adjustment process immediately following the initial disturbance. The variables selected were the surface pressure, the water vapor, the boundary layer temperature, and the boundary layer wind. It is likely that these quantities are not individually nor possibly even collectively essential to the definition of initial conditions because of dynamic coupling. The experiments showed that the predictions appear almost the same after about six hours irrespective of the initial values of these quantities. But after several days, the subsequent error behaves similar to the growth noted in predictability experiments. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1970. tb01516.x
The Disruptive Effects of Mastitis on Reproduction and Fertility in Dairy Cows

Mastitis (intramammary infection) causes the deterioration of ovarian follicular responses in cows, resulting in low fertility. The short-term, acute clinical form of mastitis has a time-dependent disruptive effect on conception rate. It effectively lowers conception rate if events occur mainly 10 days before to 30 days after artificial insemination. Long-term sub-clinical mastitis is widely spread in commercial herds. Although it is less severe than clinical mastitis, its long-term nature causes a more pronounced decrease in conception rate. Even mild elevation of somatic cell count in subclinical cows significantly lowers conception rate. Disrupted follicular responses include depression of steroid production in the preovulatory follicle associated with low and delayed preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge, resulting in delayed ovulation in one-third of subclinical cows. Mastitis, clinical and subclinical, also impairs oocyte competence, reflected in low production of blastocysts. The corpus luteum seems to be insensitive to mastitis, possible due to the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs when mastitis is first diagnosed.
The Nesting of Chelydra serpentina in Northern New York

The nesting of Chelydra serpentina was studied along the shore of an impounded riverine marsh in northern New York. Most nesting activity occurred during the first three weeks of June and was equally divided between morning and evening hours. Large females nested earlier in the season than did smaller ones. Clutch size averaged 30.9 eggs/clutch, supporting the belief that this species has larger clutches at higher latitudes. Snapping turtles usually nested in sparsely vegetated, thinly soiled clearings found in association with exposed outcroppings of Precambrian bedrock. Predators destroyed 94% of all nests under study.
Intraspecific variation and molecular polymorphisms in Japanese Spiranthes sinensis var. australis.

要 旨:日 本 国内に広く自生するネジバナ(モ ジズリ、Spiranthes sinensis var.australis)に ついては、母種 とされるネン ゴクネジバナ(S.sinensis var.sinensis)と の違い、屋久島における矮小型ヤクシマモジズリの存在や 、開花期に関する 二型性 の問題などが指摘されながら、きちんとした比較解析 はなされてこなかった。 今回、分子デ ータを比較すること で、本種 の種 内多型 にっいてある程度の整理 がなされた。 その結果、矮小型や 開花期 二型性 に関しては、品種レベ ル の分化 と見るのが妥 当だと考えられた。 また、ネジバナをナンゴクネジバナの変種 として1つ に扱うことの妥 当性が 疑われた一方 、九州を境に大きく二つ のタイプに分けることが可能なことも判 明した。 東アジアからオーストラリアにか けて広く分布する本種は、改 めて分類学的 に再検討する必要があると考えられる。
The Association of E-selectin Gene S128R Polymorphism with Coronary Artery Disease

Objective\ To investigate the association of E\|selectin S128R polymorphism with coronary artery disease(CAD). \ Methods\ Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes in 92 CAD patients and 85 control subjects. \ DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). \ PCR product was digested with the restriction enzyme PstⅠ and separated on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. \ Concentrations of plasma soluble E\|selectin were estimated using the ELISA kits in 36 CAD patients and 29 control subjects. \ Results\ The frequency of R allele in CAD patients was significantly higher than that in controls(11 96% vs 4 71%, P0 05). \ E\|selectin levels was related to E\|selectin genotype, being higher in subjects possessing the R allele(33 23±7 20 vs 22 58±8 28 ng/ml, P0 05). \ Conclusion\ E\|selectin S128R polymorphism is associated with CAD and R allele may be a risk factor for CAD, involved in the onset of CAD with other risk factors such as high triglyceride and systolic pressure.
Low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis resolution in mini-emulsion media

A low-temperature mini-emulsion medium for the enzymatic resolution of 1-phenylethanol is described for the first time. The enzymatic hydrolysis resolution of 1-phenylethyl esters with different chain-lengths in the presence of Candida antarctica lipase B in mini-emulsion media was shown to be significantly controlled by temperature. In this system, the direct effect of temperature on the mini-emulsion size was observed. For the longer 1-phenylethyl ester, 1-phenylethyl dodecanoate, the enzymatic resolution was promoted exclusively at low temperatures. The preparative mini-emulsion enzymatic reaction of 1-phenylethyl dodecanoate at 4 °C afforded the isolation of (R)-phenylethanol with a yield of 36 % with an ee of 99 %. (S)-Phenylethanol was isolated with a 51 % yield with an ee of 79 %.
Microbial eukaryotic distribution in a dynamic Beaufort Sea and the Arctic Ocean

When Pacific Waters enter the Arctic Ocean, there is an abrupt change from temperature to salinity stratification of the upper water column. This change coincides with a faunal change as Pacific and Bering Sea zooplankton and fish species are replaced by Arctic species. The clear changes in distributions of larger organisms suggest that the Arctic is an ideal environment to test hypothesis of endemism in single-celled planktonic groups. Here, we investigate the distribution of phylotypes of small protists identified by their 18S rRNA gene. We constructed nine new clone libraries from three different water masses from samples collected along the continental shelf and offshore of Beaufort Sea, Western Canadian Arctic. The new data combined with all other available sequences from the Arctic were used to identify possible phylotypes with restricted Arctic distributions. Among those only reported to date from the Arctic were an oligotrichous ciliate, a chlorarachniophyte and a rhizarian. In the near-surface shelf sample, we also retrieved sequences from Pacific species that had not been previously reported in the Arctic. The occurrences of those phylotypes were best explained by incursions of Pacific Water as coastal currents in combination with elevated temperatures in 2005 that would have been favourable to the non-Arctic phylotypes. Overall, we found support for the notion of microbial biogeography and our results suggest that the Arctic may be vulnerable to microbial community changes.
EFFECT OF SIMULTANEOUS TREATMENT OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF VITAMIN A AND THIOUREA ON THYROIDAL IODINE UPTAKE AND ORGANIFICATION IN RATS

A study was conducted to determine the mode of action for promoting effect of large amounts of vitamin A (VA) on cell proliferation of thyroid proliferative lesions induced by thiourea (TU) (Mitsumori et at, Cancer Letter 103: 19-31, 1996). Groups of male F344 rats (16/group) received 0.1% TU in water (TU group), 0.1% VA in diet (VA group), both 0.1% TU in water and 0.1% VA in diet (TU+VA group) or distilled water and basal diet (control group) for 4 weeks. Increased weights of thyroids (absolute and relative), liver (absolute and relative) and pituitary (relative), decreased serum T4 levels, and decreased thyroidal iodine uptake, and organification were observed in TU and TU+VA groups, as compared to the control group. Thyroidal iodine organification was also decreased in VA group. However, there were no differences in these parameters between TU and TU+VA groups. No treatment related effects were noted in serum T3 and TSH. No remarkable differences were observed in the histopathological findings of thyroids, liver, and pituitary between TU and TU+VA group, although diffuse follicular cell hyperplasia was induced in these groups. The results in the present study suggest that the enhancement effect of VA on thyroid proliferative lesions may not be attributable to the modification of thyroidal iodine uptake.
Molecular Markers of Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Upland Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cultivar and Their Effects on Assisted Phenotypic Selection

Genetic population of F2 and its corresponding F2:3 lines derived from a hybridization combination of a Verticillium wilt disease resistant cultivar of pest-resistant transgenic upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.),crossed to a Verticillium wilt disease sensible upland cotton line(Luyuan 343) with high fiber quality genomic components introgressed from G.barbadense L. ,were used to evaluate the resistance of Verticillium wilt disease and then dissected the resistance genes by SSR markers with the phenotype data of different developmental stages in cotton growth season.qVWR-16-1a,which was detected with the data of the vigorously developmental stage,is located between the two markers,BNL2986 and NAU751.in the fragment of chromosome 16 with 5.73 cM to NAU751,It accounted for 16.53% of the phenotypic variation and the resistance proved to be from the genotype of resistance parent.Meanwhile,with the data of the late stage of the cotton growth season,three QTLs were detected to be related to Verticillium wilt resistance.qVWR-16-1b is located in the same interval to qVWR-16-1a with 1.73 cM to marker locus NAU751,It accounted for 10.27% of the phenotypic variation.Another locus named qVWR-16-2b is located in another interval between BNL1604 and BNL1395 in the same chromosomal fragment,with 1.39 cM to BNL1395.It accounted for 10.8% of the phenotype variation.Another QTL named qVWR-2-1b located in the interval between BNL3950 and BNL3971 with only 0.01 cM to BNL 3950 in the fragment of chromosome 2,and accounted for 13.78% of the phenotypic variation.Evaluation on the disease resistance of some offspring(F5) in the breeding population showed that pyramiding the resistant genotypes of marker NAU751 and BNL1395 can significantly improve the Verticillium wilt disease resistance.It was concluded,in this paper,molecular markers can be used to improve Verticillium wilt disease resistance in the process of breeding using the high fiber quality introgression line by assistant selection or pyramiding the resistant genotypes.
Growth and toxicity of Protogonyaulax tamarensis in axenic culture.

One of the toxic dinoflagellates Protogonyaulax tamarensis isolated in Ofunato Bay was grown in axenic state to clarify the effects of coexistent bacteria on the toxin productivety and toxin profile of the organism. The toxicity per one cell changed according to the culture period, indicating that the variability of toxicity is associated with the physiological condition of the dinoflagellate itself, but not with the bacteria. The toxin yields in axenic culture were much higher than in unialgal culture, probably as the result of the slower growth in the former condition. A toxicity as high as 170 x 10-6 MU/cell was observed at the earliest stage of growth; this was comparable to those of the wild motile cells and cysts of the same species. The toxin profile of the cells cul tured in bacteria-free condition was essentially the same as that of unialgally cultured ones.