Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adoption of computerized information management systems (CIMS) functions: Urban versus rural primary healthcare providers

ABSTRACT This study examined whether there are differences in the adoption of specific Computerized Information Management Systems (CIMS) functionalities between urban and rural primary healthcare providers. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 1721 primary healthcare providers in both rural and urban areas in the state of Texas, with a 70 percent response rate (n = 1204). Chi-square goodness of fit was used to determine the frequency of adoption of specific CIMS functions and factor analyses for patterns of adoption. Findings revealed higher rates of adoption of key CIMS functions among urban primary healthcare providers compared with rural providers in the areas of clinical documentation and decision support. As such, many of the functions highlighted in the new Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Promoting Interoperability (PI) seemingly are already being used by urban primary healthcare providers. Results also showed that higher rates of inadequate interoperability standards are related to clinical documentation, results viewing, and computerized order-entry functionalities by rural and urban primary healthcare providers. Accordingly, widespread technological interoperability inadequacy among rural and urban primary healthcare providers points to future challenges for federal policy makers as they seek to promote interoperability to demonstrate meaningful use of certified electronic health record technology (CEHRT).
Global ice and land climate studies using scatterometer image data

Scatterometers have provided continuous synoptic microwave radar coverage of the Earth from space for nearly a decade. NASA launched three scatterometers: the current SeaWinds scatterometer onboard QuikSCAT (QSCAT, 13.4 GHz) launched in 1999; the NASA scatterometer (NSCAT, 14.0 GHz), which flew on the Japanese Space Agency's ADEOS-1 platform during 1996–1997; and the Seasat-A scatterometer system (SASS, 14.6 GHz), which flew in 1978. The European Space Agency's (ESA) 5.3-GHz scatterometer (ESCAT) has been carried onboard both the ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites since 1991. properties, including the phase state, of a particular surface type. Varying response from the surface also results from different polarizations, viewing angles and orientations, and radar frequencies. The wide swath of scatterometers provides near daily global coverage at intrinsic sensor resolutions that are generally between 25–50 km.
Changbai intraplate volcanism and deep earthquakes in East Asia: a possible link?

The origin of intraplate volcanoes in Northeast Asia is considered to be associated with upwelling of hot and wet asthenospheric materials in the big mantle wedge above the stagnant Paciﬁc slab in the mantle transition zone. Among these intraplate volcanoes, Changbai is the largest and most active one, and very deep earthquakes (500–650 km depths) in the Paciﬁc slab under East Asia occur ∼ 300 km to the east of the Changbai volcano. Integrating the ﬁndings of geophysical, geochemical and petrologic studies so far, we suggest a link between Changbai volcanism and the deep earthquakes in the Paciﬁc slab. Many large shallow earthquakes occurred in the Paciﬁc Plate in the outer-rise areas close to the oceanic trench, and sea water may enter down to a deep portion of the oceanic lithosphere through the active normal faults which generated the large outer-rise earthquakes. Sea water or ﬂuids may be preserved in the active faults even after the Paciﬁc Plate subducts into the mantle. Many large deep earthquakes are observed that took place in the subducting Paciﬁc slab under the Japan Sea and the East Asian margin. At least some of the large deep earthquakes are caused by the reactivation of faults preserved in the subducting slab, and the ﬂuids preserved in the faults within the slab may cause the observed non-double-couple components of the deep earthquake faulting. Fluids preserved in the slab may be released to the overlying mantle wedge through large deep earthquakes. Because large deep earthquakes occur frequently in the vicinity of the Changbai volcano, many more ﬂuids could be supplied to this volcano than in other areas in Northeast Asia, making Changbai the largest and most active intraplate volcano in the region.
THE SHIFT FROM COLOR TO FORM PREFERENCE IN YOUNG CHILDRLd OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC BACKGROUNDS

THE SHIFT FROM COLOR TO FORM PREFERENCE IN YOUNG CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC BACKGROUNDS Charles Mac Spellmann, Ph. D. The University of Texas at Austin, 1968 It has long been noted that young children prefer to match in terms of color rather than form, and that between the ages of 4-7 years shift to a preference for form. Several explanations of this shift have been given. The current explanation offered by the writer posits that the shift is an adaptive response by the young child to classroom stimuli, Which stresses attention to form. In order to test this hypothesis, 120 fiveand six-year old children of lower socioeconomic status were given a stimulus preference test. Sixty of these children were enrolled in Headstart classes; the others were eligible, but were not enrolled in sdhool. One-third of all the Ss were Anglo, one-third were Negro, and one-third were Indian. The test was given at several points during the schuol year, and it was expected that at the first testing of each group there would be no difference in the number of form responses given. On the final testing, however, it was expected that the school group would responsd to form significantly more often than the nonschool group.
Coastal modelling incorporating artificial neural networks for improved velocity prediction

ABSTRACT Owing to the complexity of flow patterns, modelling of flow in coastal areas remains a challenge, even with the numerical techniques of today. In this paper, we have tried to address the problem of modelling the currents off the coast of Bay of Bengal. It is found that ocean modelling using coastal community models like Delft3D and MIKE21 could produce inherent errors if used to study depths of continental shelf greater than the 50 m isobaths (called Far-Shelf). This error can be partly overcome by adding a data processing tool like Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to improve velocity predictions. Predictions from such a proposed ANN model are seen to improve the correlation from as low as 0.28 for stand-alone model to more than 0.9 for ANN augmented results for Far-Shelf. This is because the ocean parameters in the Far-shelf are dependent not only on coastal processes but also on the interactions with the deep ocean. The advantage of better numerical accuracy strongly offsets the disadvantages of using such data-driven methods and will aid in getting a more accurate flow field.
Determinants of Farming Households’ Credit Accessibility in Rural Areas of Vietnam: A Case Study in Haiphong City, Vietnam

The role of agricultural sectors in the economic development of a country is undeniable, especially in developing and least-developed ones, ensuring food supply, increasing national income, export earnings and poverty reduction. Vietnam is known as an emerging market, depending directly on agriculture-related activities for their livelihood, in which the issue of rural credit access still remains a confounding problem. The paper focuses on identifying the determinants of credit access in rural areas of Vietnam using Haiphong city as a case study, including formal and informal credit. The paper uses data collected from a survey of 180 rural households in a district of Haiphong city. The probit and linear regression models are applied to investigate the factors that determine household credit accessibility, i.e., the household’s decision to borrow and borrowing amounts. Results of this analysis reveal the different significant determinants of formal and informal credit market access. Group membership and connection are found to have significantly strong impacts on formal credit accessibility while informal credit access is strongly influenced by agriculture income and dependency ratio. The implications of these findings for enhancing formal credit accessibility and decreasing the dependence on informal markets are discussed.
Gas Exchange and Productivity in Temperate and Droughty Years of Four Eastern, Elite Loblolly Pine Genotypes Grown in the Western Gulf Region

Loblolly pine plantations in the western portion of the species’ range are sometimes planted with genotypes from the eastern portion of its range to improve plantation productivity. Advances in loblolly pine breeding have led to the development of clonally propagated genotypes with higher potential growth rates and better form than more commonly planted half-sib genotypes. At a site in the western portion of the loblolly pine range, four genotypes from the eastern portion of the loblolly pine range were established. Two genotypes (HS756 and HS8103) were half-sib, and two genotypes (V9 and V93) were varieties. The V93 genotype was propagated from the HS756 genotype. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of genotype on seasonal trends in gas exchange parameters at the leaf and crown levels, growth, and biomass allocation patterns. During the two-year study, one year had precipitation and temperature trends similar to the long-term average and one year had extreme drought, with record heat. The HS756, V9, and V93 genotypes had the highest height growth throughout the study. The V93 genotype was sensitive to the drought; its leaf- and crown-levelAsatandgs, declined during the drought more markedly than those of the other genotypes. Although itsAsatandgswere affected by drought, height growth productivity of V93 may have been sustained during the drought by its biomass partitioning pattern of allocating higher proportions of its root biomass to small and fine roots and its aboveground biomass to foliage. These results suggest that a variety such as V93 could be more susceptible to changes in C fixation and water uptake with recurrent drought.
Predicting tumor recurrence using metabolic indices of 18F-FDG PET/CT prior to orthotopic liver transplantationfor hepatocellular carcinoma

The present study analyzed the ability of metabolic burden indices from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to predict tumor recurrence following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Seven major metabolic indices were measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT in 93 patients with HCC, prior to OLT. The Mann-Whitney U test was then used to predict the association of metabolic indices, including the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), tumor-to-mediastinum SUV ratio, tumor-to-normal-liver SUV ratio, SUV normalized to lean body mass metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and uptake-volume product (UVP), with the recurrence risk. The Deauville-like scoring system was used to quantify the recurrence risk. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression models were performed to determine survival rate. The results showed that Deauville-like score (PET-negative vs. -positive), MTV (cutoff value, 13.36), TLG (cutoff value, 62.21) and UVP (cutoff value, 66.60) had high prediction performance for tumor recurrence (P<0.05). TLG had the highest receiver operating characteristics area under the curve of 0.725. Among the clinical factors, high level of α-fetoprotein (AFP, ≥144 ng/ml), Milan criteria, tumor number (>3), involvement of both right and left lobes, and tumor size (>5 cm) were found to be significant predictors of tumor recurrence. Patients in the low metabolic group had longer recurrence-free survival (RFS) times compared with those in the high metabolic group, regardless of whether they met the Milan criteria or not. AFP, uptake-volume product according the SUV mean of mediastinum (UVP-M), Milan criteria, lymph node metastasis, and the number of tumors were significant prognostic factors for RFS (P<0.05) in both univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Additionally, the MVI was a significant prognostic factor based on univariate survival analyses. Overall, the present study demonstrated the metabolic burden indices measured by PET/CT, Deauville-like score, MTV, TLG and UVP as significant prognostic factors in patients with HCC following OLT. The combination of metabolic indices measured by PET/CT and the existing criteria, such as the Milan criteria, may play an important role in evaluating the suitability of OLT in specific patients.
Robust In‐Plane Ferroelectricity in Ultrathin Epitaxial Aurivillius Films

Layered ferroelectrics, often referred to as natural superlattices, exhibit functionalities beyond those of the classical ferroelectric perovskite compounds due to their highly anisotropic structure. Unfortunately, the layered architecture has been impeding their growth as single crystalline thin films, and thus their integration into oxide‐electronic devices. Here, fatigue‐free ferroelectric switching in epitaxial Bi5FeTi3O15 thin films is demonstrated. The achievement of twin‐free films with sub‐unit‐cell thickness precision on a lattice‐matching NdGaO3 orthorhombic substrate significantly enhances their uniaxial ferroelectric properties. In the ultrathin regime, such films exhibit in‐plane polarization with a periodic arrangement of ferroelectric domains, which, with uniaxial ferroelectric anisotropy, results in nominally charged domain walls. The uniaxial in‐plane ferroelectricity and remarkable endurance after 1010 switching cycles of Aurivillius thin films breaks new ground for alternative device paradigms that are less susceptible to limitations arising from the depolarizing‐field effects in the ultrathin regime.
Impacts of Caregivers’ Nutrition Knowledge and Food Market Accessibility on Preschool Children’s Dietary Diversity in Remote Communities in Southeast Nigeria

Empirical evidence is scanty on the nexus between caregivers’ nutrition knowledge, market accessibility, and preschool children’s dietary diversity in remote communities of Africa’s most populous country, Nigeria. To fill this gap, this study evaluated the effects of caregivers’ nutrition knowledge and access to food market on dietary diversity of preschool children. We used cross-sectional data from four hundred households selected from twenty remote communities in Southeast Nigeria. The study adopted instrumental variable regression to estimate the impacts of nutrition knowledge and food market access on preschool children’s dietary diversity. The findings show that in remote communities, caregivers’ nutrition knowledge and households’ closeness to the market improved preschool children’s dietary diversity. The study demonstrates the potential of improving preschool children’s nutrition outcomes through enhancing access to food market and the nutrition knowledge of the caregivers.
Influence of Environmental and Microclimate Factors on the Coffee Beans Quality (C. canephora): Correlation between Chemical Analysis and Stable Free Radicals

The present study reports a physicochemical comparison of shade-grown and sun-grown coffee beans, under unripe, rip and roasted-ripe conditions, using electrical conductivity measurements, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, the assessed physicochemical parameters were compared with organoleptic evaluations based on the Coffee Quality Institute protocol. The values found for electrical conductivity, leached potassium, and stable free radicals were respectively 29%, 31%, and 350% higher for shade-grown coffee beans, whereas polyphenol oxidase enzymatic activity was 23% lower. By contrast, FTIR and HPLC measurements identified higher chlorogenic acid and lipid contents in sun-grown coffee beans. Importantly, the sensorial grade attributed to roasted-ripe grains was 12% higher for sun-grown coffee. Our findings suggest that shade-grown coffee beans have undergone microorganismal activity and undesired fermentation during cultivation, which resulted in lower coffee quality. A correlation between a set of selected physicochemical properties and organoleptic properties was robustly established and could be used in the development of future coffee bean quality control protocols.
Anatomical adaptations to different soil moisture contents in palisade grass and smooth pigweed

ABSTRACT Weed adaptations to different environments contribute to their success in establishing in different agroecosystems. A greenhouse and laboratory study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different levels of soil moisture on the anatomical characteristics of two weed species. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial design, with the first factor representing the weed species (Amaranthus hybridus and Brachiaria brizantha) and the second factor being the soil moisture levels in which they were grown (100%, 80%, 74%, 67%, and 60% of field capacity). At 55 days after weed emergence, the material for anatomical evaluations was collected. The water stress affected the two weed species differently, causing changes both in the thickness of the tissues evaluated and in their proportions. These changes seem to be related to how each species tolerates water stress. A. hybridus showed thickening of all leaf tissue and change in the proportion of these tissues, whereas B. brizantha showed a decrease in thickness of the leaf tissue and an increase in the proportion of adaxial epidermal and parenchymal tissues.
Fault detection observer design for periodic piecewise linear systems

This article deals with the problem of fault detection observer design for continuous-time periodic piecewise linear systems. Mixed performance index is introduced, which results in a trade-off between robustness to unknown input and sensitivity to a fault. Based on a class of Lyapunov functions with time-varying Lyapunov matrices, sufficient conditions are developed to investigate the existence of periodic piecewise fault detection observer with weighted performance. A tractable iterative algorithm is proposed to establish the desired periodic piecewise fault detection observer. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Statistical Modeling Methodology for Long-Term Wind Generation and Power Ramp Simulations in New Generation Locations

In future power systems, a large share of the energy will be generated with wind power plants (WPPs) and other renewable energy sources. With the increasing wind power penetration, the variability of the net generation in the system increases. Consequently, it is imperative to be able to assess and model the behavior of the WPP generation in detail. This paper presents an improved methodology for the detailed statistical modeling of wind power generation from multiple new WPPs without measurement data. A vector autoregressive based methodology, which can be applied to long-term Monte Carlo simulations of existing and new WPPs, is proposed. The proposed model improves the performance of the existing methodology and can more accurately analyze the temporal correlation structure of aggregated wind generation at the system level. This enables the model to assess the impact of new WPPs on the wind power ramp rates in a power system. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology, it is verified against hourly wind speed measurements from six locations in Finland and the aggregated wind power generation from Finland in 2015. Furthermore, a case study analyzing the impact of the geographical distribution of WPPs on wind power ramps is included.
The impact of trawling on the epibenthic megafauna of the west Greenland shelf

Benthic habitats are important elements of polar marine environments, but can be vulnerable to anthropogenic influences such as trawling. Bottom trawling can reduce diversity and alter communities, although some habitats show resilience. The shrimp trawl fishery of West Greenland is a significant part of Greenland's economy. It operates along the west coast from the narrow rockier shelf of the south, up to deeper, muddy areas around Disko Bay. Here we use a benthic drop camera to sample 201 sites between latitudes 60–72°N and depths of 61–725m. Linear models examined relationships of taxon abundance and diversity with bottom trawling intensity and environment (depth, temperature, current, iceberg concentration). Trawling intensity is the most important factor determining the overall abundance of benthic organisms, accounting for 12–16% of variance, although environmental conditions also show significant associations. Sessile erect organisms such as corals show a significant negative response to trawling. Soft sediment communities show a higher resilience than rocky areas. On soft sediments significantly lower abundance characterises sites trawled under five years ago. On hard/mixed ground reduced abundance remains characteristic of sites trawled a decade ago. Continued monitoring of benthic habitats is an essential part of evaluating the ongoing impacts of trawl fisheries.
Effect of Carrot-Juice on Exopolisaccharides and β-D Galactosidase Activity in Yogurt

Carrot juice and milk were blended and fermented by culture bacteria Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Carrot juice affect significantly on lactic acid content (1.09± 0.12% – 1.15± 0.01%), pH value (3.80±0.06 – 4.17± 0.10), viscosity (133±2.30 cP–146±2.10cP), β-carotene (0-173.19±1.02 µg/g), EPS (11.90 ±0.50 - 18.00 ±0.40 mg/100g), β-D-galactosidase activity (2.27±0.30-192.40±0.48 µ/g) yogurt, but did not affect significantly on bacteria number (9.0± 0.5 – 9.8±0.4 log CFU/g). Carrot juice increased the yogurt culture activity with increasing acidifying, β-catotene, EPS and β-D-galactosidase, suggesting that yogurt could be fortified with carrot juice.
The Prompt Hypothesis:

The potential of clarification questions (CQs) to act as a form of corrective input for young children's grammatical errors was examined. Corrective responses were operationalized as those occasions when child speech shifted from erroneous to correct (E → C) contingent on a clarification question. It was predicted that E → C sequences would prevail over shifts in the opposite direction (C → E), as can occur in the case of non-error-contingent CQs. This prediction was tested via a standard intervention paradigm, whereby every 60 seconds a sequence of two clarification requests (either specific or general) was introduced into conversation with a total of 45 2and 4-year-old children. For 10 categories of grammatical structure, E → C sequences predominated over their C→ E counterparts, with levels of E → C shifts increasing after two clarification questions. Children were also more reluctant to repeat erroneous forms than their correct counterparts, following the intervention of CQs. The findings provide support for Saxton's (2000) Prompt hypothesis, which predicts that errorcontingent CQs bear the potential to cue recall of previously acquired grammatical forms.