Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leaf:fruit Ratio Affects the Proteomic Profile of Grape Berry Skins

The most obvious effects of a low leaf:fruit (LF) ratio (two leaves for one cluster per shoot (LF2)) on grape (Vitis vinifera) berries are suppressed anthocyanin biosynthesis in the berry skin, decreased berry weight and soluble solids concentration, and increased titratable acidity. In this study, proteins isolated from berry skins grown under low and high LF ratio conditions, LF2 and LF12, respectively, were characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. A survey of '600 to 700 spots from berry skin yielded 77 proteins with differential expression between LF12 and LF2 treatments. Of these, the 59proteins that were identified consisted of 47 proteins that were down-regulated and 12 that were up-regulated under LF2 conditions compared with LF12 conditions. Most proteins involved in metabolism, energy, transcription, protein synthesis, binding function, signal transduction, and cell defense were down-regulated in LF2 berries, whereas two important enzymes of anthocyanin biosynthesis, chalcone synthase and dihydroflavonol reductase, were not detected. Only a few proteins (e.g., two heat shock proteins related to protein fate and nutrient reservoir storage protein) were found to be up-regulated in LF2 berries. This suggested that, with the exception of secondary metabolism, many proteomic events may have an effect on anthocyanin synthesis in the skins responding to LF.
Relationship between Post-SARS osteonecrosis and PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphisms

[Objective]To explore the correlation between and post-severe acute respiratory symptom(SARS) patients with osteonecrosis,investigate the etiology of post-SARS osteonecrosis,and select the sensitive molecular symbols for early diagnosis and distinguish the high risk population. [Method] The studied subjects were divided into two groups.Totally 62 post-SARS patients with osteonecrosis was one group,and 52 age and sex matched healthy people was as normal controlled group.Empty stomach blood samples from cubital veins were collected from both groups.Plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI) by means of evzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction PCR and Solid phase oligonucleotide assay(SPOLA). [Result] The blood agents of post-SARS patients changed obviously with PAI-1 polymorphism detected in post-SARS group was more than that of the control group,but had no statistical significance.The plasma PAI activity was related to homozygote 4G/4G genotype.This reveals that homozygote 4G/4G genotype maybe a susceptible gene mark to Chinese osteonecrosis patients. [Conclusion] PAI-1 is sensitive blood symbol for screening high-risk susceptible population.4G/4G PAI-1 genotype may be an etiological factor in osteonecrosis.
Limb girdle muscular dystrophy: use of dHPLC and direct sequencing to detect sarcoglycan gene mutations in a New Zealand cohort

To the Editor: Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) refers to a heterogeneous set of inherited, slowly progressive myopathies predominantly affecting limb girdle and proximal limb muscles (1, 2). The current classification of LGMD is based on linkage or genetic mutation studies and recognizes types 1A 1E (autosomal dominant) and types 2A 2I (autosomal recessive) (3–10). LGMD types 2C, 2D, 2E and 2F, sometimes referred to as the sarcoglycanopathies (11), are due to mutations in the g-, a-, band d-sarcoglycan genes, respectively. The four sarcoglycan proteins form an integral membrane glycosylated subcomplex, termed the sarcoglycan complex (SGC), which is amember of the larger dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC) (12–15). The various forms of LGMD cannot usually be distinguished from one another on clinical grounds or by the use of creatine kinase (CK) levels, electromyography (EMG) andmuscle histochemistry. Diagnosis of a particular subtype is assisted by the use of monoclonal antibodies for immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis (10, 16–18). Importantly, mutations producing defects of one sarcolemmal protein can produce misleading secondary loss of other sarcolemmal proteins. The above considerations necessitate a comprehensive DNA-based mutation screening strategy in order to distinguish the various forms of LGMD from one another. To date, mutationscreening strategies for the autosomal recessive LGMD genes have focussed on single gene studies. A web-based database of mutations in these genes shows a spectrum of point mutations and deletion events through the use of single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), Southern blot analysis and direct sequencing of exons or cDNA using genomic DNA or muscle RNA as template (http://www.dmd.nl/md.html). These procedures differ with respect to their sensitivity. In contrast, recent studies involving rapid mutation analysis of disease genes have shown denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) to be highly sensitive and efficient when combined with confirmatory sequencing (19, 20). Therefore, the aims of the work presented here were twofold. First, to develop a protocol for detecting mutations in four sarcoglycan genes in patients with possible LGMD types 2C 2F using a combination of dHPLC and direct sequencing. Second, to apply the protocol to a cohort of clinically diagnosed New Zealand patients.
Stratified Markov Chain Monte Carlo Light Transport

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling is a powerful approach to generate samples from an arbitrary distribution. The application to light transport simulation allows us to efficiently handle complex light transport such as highly occluded scenes. Since light transport paths in MCMC methods are sampled according to the path contributions over the sampling domain covering the whole image, bright pixels receive more samples than dark pixels to represent differences in the brightness. This variation in the number of samples per pixel is a fundamental property of MCMC methods. This property often leads to uneven convergence over the image, which is a notorious and fundamental issue of any MCMC method to date. We present a novel stratification method of MCMC light transport methods. Our stratification method, for the first time, breaks the fundamental limitation that the number of samples per pixel is uncontrollable. Our method guarantees that every pixel receives a specified number of samples by running a single Markov chain per pixel. We rely on the fact that different MCMC processes should converge to the same result when the sampling domain and the integrand are the same. We thus subdivide an image into multiple overlapping tiles associated with each pixel, run an independent MCMC process in each of them, and then align all of the tiles such that overlapping regions match. This can be formulated as an optimization problem similar to the reconstruction step for gradient‐domain rendering. Further, our method can exploit the coherency of integrands among neighboring pixels via coherent Markov chains and replica exchange. Images rendered with our method exhibit much more predictable convergence compared to existing MCMC methods.
State‐of‐the‐art in Automatic 3D Reconstruction of Structured Indoor Environments

Creating high‐level structured 3D models of real‐world indoor scenes from captured data is a fundamental task which has important applications in many fields. Given the complexity and variability of interior environments and the need to cope with noisy and partial captured data, many open research problems remain, despite the substantial progress made in the past decade. In this survey, we provide an up‐to‐date integrative view of the field, bridging complementary views coming from computer graphics and computer vision. After providing a characterization of input sources, we define the structure of output models and the priors exploited to bridge the gap between imperfect sources and desired output. We then identify and discuss the main components of a structured reconstruction pipeline, and review how they are combined in scalable solutions working at the building level. We finally point out relevant research issues and analyze research trends.
Antimicrobial, Antiviral Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Essential OilExtracted from Achillea fragrantissima Plant Growing In Sinai Peninsula,Egypt

Medicinal plants are considered new resources for producing agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of essential oil extracted from Achillea fragrantissima plant growing in Egypt for antimicrobial, antiviral activities and chemical composition analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). We also performed determination of essential oil antimicrobial activity by agar desk diffusion method and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Also, antiviral activity on ORF virus by pock reduction test was performed. It was reduced virus titer from 5.9 to 1.00 at 180 minutes. Detection of beta lactams resistant bacteria (Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSA) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli) by PCR with primers of mecA gene and Bela gene. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC-MS. The major components were found to be Santolina triene (1.97%), 2,5,5-trimethyl-3,6-heptadien-2-ol (8.23%) Eucalyptol 8.17, trans-2,7-Dimethyl- 4,6octadien-2-ol (24.40%), 1,5-Heptadien-4-one-3,6-trimethyl (7.65%), Artemisia alcohol (3.49%), a Thujone (33.97%), Cissabinol (1.92%), Lavandulol (0.71%), 2-Octen-4-ol, 2-methyl (2.02%), 3-Cyclohexen1ol,4-methyl1 (1 methylethyl) (CAS) (2.15%), a terpineol ( 0.05% ), Estragole (0.71%) Lavandulyl acetate (0.49%), Sabinyl acetate (2.12 %), Germacrened (0.94%). Finally, our study proved that the essential oil has bactericidal effect on some bacterial resistant antibiotic (Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSA) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ) as well as antiviral activity on ORF virus but it is still need further extensive studies for safety and drug interaction.
Adrenal innervation

The manner and extent of innervation of the adrenal gland has been subjected to considerable investigation since Dreyer (1899) demonstrated that stimulation of the splanchnic nerves caused an outflow of adrenalin. Later discovery of the vital role of the cortex and dissimilarity of cortical and medullary functions gave further impetus to the study of the gland's innervation. Dogie1 (1894) believed that both cortex and medulla were innervated, and -he pictured the cortex of the dog adrenal richly supplied by an intricate unmyelinated plexus. This conception was fostered by many workers, and as recently as 1931, Alpert described and figured elaborate plexuses in the main cortical zones of human adrenals and also fine fibrils entering the cytoplasm of cortical cells. Later investigators (Hollinshead, '36 ; Swinyard, '37 ; and Bennett, '40) used improved staining methods and were led to believe that the nerve supply to the medulla merely passes through the cortex without distributing fibers to it. Elliot ('13) noted degeneration of the medullary plexus after section of splanchnic nerves or of spinal thoracic roots in cats. He concluded that the chromaffine cells are innervated by preganglionic fibers and this has been confirmed by Hollinshead ('36), Swinyard ('37)' and Young ('39). The later
Hairy Slices II: Depth Cues for Visualizing 3D Streamlines Through Cutting Planes

Visualizing 3D vector fields is challenging because of occlusion problems and the difficulty of providing depth cues that adequately support the perception of direction of flow lines in 3D space. One of the depth cues that has proven most valuable for the perception of other kinds of 3D data, notably 3D networks and 3D point clouds, is structure‐from‐motion (also called the Kinetic Depth Effect); another powerful depth cue is stereoscopic viewing. We carried out an experiment of the perception of direction for short streamlines passing through a cutting plane. The conditions included viewing with and without structure‐from‐motion and with and without stereoscopic depth. Conditions also include comparing streamtubes to lines. The results show that for this particular task, stereo provided an effective depth cue, but structure‐from‐motion did not. Ringed streamtubes and streamcones provided good 3D direction information, even without stereoscopic viewing. We conclude with guidelines for viewing slices through vector fields.
Reply to preoperative assessment enables the early detection and successful treatment of lymphedema

In Cancer, Stout Gergich et al demonstrated the successful treatment of lymphedema in breast cancer patients who were presurgically base-lined and postoperatively monitored for subclinical lymphedema . The data support prospective assessment and periodic surveillance. There were 2 limitations. First, the lack of a randomized-control design allowing some patients to have lymphedema progression. Second, the optoelectrical device is not Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared and may not be practical. A randomized control study is ethically difficult. It would have allowed extracellular fluid to accumulate and put these patients at risk of permanent damage to their lymphatic systems. In 2007, the FDA cleared a device for clinical assessment and monitoring of lymphedema. The technology uses a low-frequency bioelectrical current that passes through the extracellular space of the patient’s limb. The device compares the patient’s at-risk limb and her contralateral uninvolved limb. The result of that ratio is the Lymphedema Index score. An abnormal score can identify subclinical lymphedema up to 10 months before clinical presentation. At the Breast Care Center at Mercy Medical Center in Springfield, Massachusetts, all breast cancer patients are evaluated preoperatively using the Lymphedema Index. Repeat measurements are obtained on the first visit postoperatively, before initiation of radiation, and with completion. They have repeat evaluation every 3 months for 2 years and then every 6 months thereafter. If chemotherapy is involved, measurements are obtained before, monthly throughout the course, and when completed. The patients having mastectomy also have a physical therapy consult for teaching and postoperative management for the first 1-2 weeks. With this new technology not only will we be able to identify subclinical lymphedema, but we will be able to prevent the chronic sequelae of the disease process, and may be able to identify the risk factors associated with lymphedema.
HELMINTH COMMUNITIES OF SUBPOPULATIONS OF THE PACIFIC TREEFROG, HYLA REGILLA (HYLIDAE), FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO

treefrog has come from faunistic surveys of United States populations (Millzner, 1924; Douglas, 1958; Macy, 1960; Lehmann, 1965; Efford and Tsumura, 1969; Brooks, 1976; Koller and Gaudin, 1977; Johnson et al., 1999; Goldberg and Bursey, in press). To our knowledge, there are no reports from Mexico. The purpose of this paper is to examine helminth infracommunities of H. regilla from the southernmost portion of its range, the Mexican states of Baja California and Baja California Sur. One hundred thirty H. regilla (mean ? 1 SD snout-vent length [SVL] = 31 mm ? 6 SD, range = 19 to 44 mm) collected May through August 1995 from 8 localities (Fig. 1) in Mexico were examined: Baja California, Catavifia (n = 10), Isla de Cedros (14); Baja California Sur, La Ballena (19), La Junta (19), La Presa (17), Miraflores (29), San Francisco de la Sierra (19), San Ignacio (3). Treefrogs had been fixed in 10% formalin and preserved in 50% ethanol. The body cavity of each treefrog was opened by a longitudinal incision and the gastrointestinal tract was removed and slit longitudinally. The esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, lung, urinary bladder, coelom, and liver were searched for helminths with a
Comparison of the Efficacy between Conventional Moxibustion and Smoke-Free Moxibustion on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of efficacy between conventional moxibustion (CM) and smoke-free moxibustion (SM) for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (KOA). Methods This is a multicentre, randomized, single blinded, parallel-group clinical trial. Patients with KOA were randomly allocated to CM group (69) and SM group (69) in 7 hospitals of China. Moxibustion treatment in 12 sessions over 4 weeks was administrated at 3 acupuncture points (EX-LE4, ST35, and ST36). Patients completed standard questionnaires at baseline and after 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) from the baseline to 4 weeks. The secondary outcomes include Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Patient Global Assessment score (PGA). Results Analyses showed that the WOMAC score improved in pain (95% CI,-0.1[-1.2 to 0.9], p=0.76), stiffness (95% CI,-0.1 [-0.5 to 0.3], p=0.71), and function (95% CI, 2.2 [-1.3 to 5.8], p=0.22) compared between the two groups at 4 weeks, as well as the VAS score (95% CI,0.1 [-0.3 to 0.6], p=0.60). Similar results presented at 8 and 12 weeks. No statistically significant difference was observed between CM and SM groups for outcome measurements. Conclusions It suggested that smoke generated during moxibustion treatment does not affect the efficacy of moxibustion in the treatment of KOA, which should be taken into account to be removed for the sake of reducing environmental pollution or moxa smoke exposure of acupuncturists or patients. This trial is registered with Clinical Trials.gov, NCT02772055.
Onion Plant Growth, Bulb Quality, and Water Uptake following Ammonium and Nitrate Nutrition

-1 ) affected onion (AIlium cepa L.) plant growth when grown in solution culture. Nitrate alone or in combination with NH4-N increased leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf area, root fresh and dry weight, and bulb dry weight when compared to growth with NH4-N as the sole N source. Bulb fresh weight was highest with an NH4-N : NO3-N ratio between 1:3 and 3:1. Maximum leaf fresh weight was not necessary to produce maximum bulb fresh weight when onions were subjected to different N-form ratios. Precocious bulbing resulted when NH 4-N was the sole N source; however, high bulbing ratios early in plant development were not correlated with final bulb fresh weight. Nitrogen form also influenced water uptake and pungency, as measured by enzymatically developed pyruvate concentration, but did not affect bulb sugar concentration.
Neural Temporal Adaptive Sampling and Denoising

Despite recent advances in Monte Carlo path tracing at interactive rates, denoised image sequences generated with few samples per‐pixel often yield temporally unstable results and loss of high‐frequency details. We present a novel adaptive rendering method that increases temporal stability and image fidelity of low sample count path tracing by distributing samples via spatio‐temporal joint optimization of sampling and denoising. Adding temporal optimization to the sample predictor enables it to learn spatio‐temporal sampling strategies such as placing more samples in disoccluded regions, tracking specular highlights, etc; adding temporal feedback to the denoiser boosts the effective input sample count and increases temporal stability. The temporal approach also allows us to remove the initial uniform sampling step typically present in adaptive sampling algorithms. The sample predictor and denoiser are deep neural networks that we co‐train end‐to‐end over multiple consecutive frames. Our approach is scalable, allowing trade‐off between quality and performance, and runs at near real‐time rates while achieving significantly better image quality and temporal stability than previous methods.
A review of GLP‐1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: A focus on the mechanism of action of once‐weekly agents

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) are one of the preferred approved treatment options for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and inadequate glycaemic control. The objective of this review is to provide a general clinical overview of the similarities and differences in the mechanisms of action (MoA) of the once‐weekly GLP‐1 RA class of medications, highlighting the role of pharmacists in providing optimal medication management, education and care for people with diabetes.
What is the Intrinsic Value of the Dow?

We model the time-series relation between price and intrinsic value as a cointegrated system, so that price and value are long-term convergent. In this framework, we compare the performance of alternative estimates of intrinsic value for the Dow 30 stocks. During 1963-1996, traditional market multiples (e.g., B/P, E/P, and D/P ratios) have little predictive power. However, a V/P ratio, where V is based on a residual income valuation model, has statistically reliable predictive power. Further analysis shows time-varying interest rates and analyst forecasts are important to the success of V. Alternative forecast horizons and risk premia are less important. Copyright The American Finance Association 1999.
Observations of Solid Carbon Dioxide in Molecular Clouds with the Infrared Space Observatory

Spectra of interstellar CO2 ice absorption features at a resolving power of λ/Δλ ≈ 1500-2000 are presented for 14 lines of sight. The observations were made with the Short-Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). Spectral coverage includes the primary stretching mode of CO2 near 4.27 μm in all sources; the bending mode near 15.2 μm is also detected in 12 of them. The selected sources include massive protostars (Elias 29 [in ρ Oph], GL 490, GL 2136, GL 2591, GL 4176, NGC 7538 IRS 1, NGC 7538 IRS 9, S140, W3 IRS 5, and W33 A), sources associated with the Galactic Center (Sgr A*, GCS 3 I, and GCS 4), and a background star behind a quiescent dark cloud in Taurus (Elias 16); they thus probe a diverse range of environments. Column densities of interstellar CO2 ice relative to H2O ice fall in the range 10%-23%: this ratio displays remarkably little variation for such a physically diverse sample. Comparison of the observed profiles with laboratory data for CO2-bearing ice mixtures indicates that CO2 generally exists in at least two phases, one polar (H2O dominant) and one nonpolar (CO2 dominant). The observed CO2 profiles may also be reproduced when the nonpolar components are replaced with thermally annealed ices. Formation and evolutionary scenarios for CO2 and implications for grain mantle chemistry are discussed. Our results support the conclusion that thermal annealing, rather than energetic processing due to UV photons or cosmic rays, dominates the evolution of CO2-bearing ices.