Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controversial risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma.

e16662 Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a relatively rare malignancy accounting for 3% of gastrointestinal cancers in the US. While multiple risk factors for CCA are established and well-studied, other potential risk factors are still controversial and not well established. Herein, we used a large national database to investigate possible risk factors and associations. Methods: We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to review all admissions between 2011 and 2015. We grouped patients based on the presence and absence of CCA using the appropriate ICD-9 codes. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between obesity, alcohol abuse, smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Results: We reviewed 30,955,295 admissions of which 20,030 had CCA. CCA Patients were older compared to the rest of the patients (mean age 67 years ±12.8 vs. 57±20.6, P < .001) and had less female patients (48% vs 59%, P < .001). Patients’ characteristics are shown in the table. After adjusting for viral hepatitis B (HBV), viral hepatitis C (HCV), liver cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and bile duct stones, logistic regression showed DM to be proportionately associated with CCA (OR = 1.04, 95%CI[1.01-1.08], P < .001), whereas alcohol, smoking and obesity were all inversely associated with CCA; OR = 0.75, 95%CI [0.69-0.81], P < . 001, OR = 0.75, 95%CI [0.71-0.79], P < . 001 and OR = 0.71, 95%CI [0.67-0.75], P < . 001, respectively. In addition, compared to whites, Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander races were proportionally associated with CCA; OR = 1.27, 95%CI [1.21-1.34], P < . 001, and OR = 1.79, 95%CI, [1.67-1.92], P < . 001, respectively, while black race was inversely associated with CCA (OR = 0.85, 95%CI [0.81-0.89], P < .001). Conclusions: In our large database study, we found that patients with diagnosis of DM or being from certain minority ethnic groups are associated with increased incidence of CCA. Other factors like alcohol and smoking were associated with decreased incidence of CCA, but those factors may be under reported. This raises the need for further evaluation for these factors and their effect on CCA incidence and outcomes in those specific groups. [Table: see text]
Review of the Pathophysiology of Autism and Possible Benefits of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)

HBOT and Autism Overview At first glance, the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in autism appears out of the ordinary. That is what I first thought when I heard about HBOT and autism almost 2 years ago. At the time, no studies existed on the use of HBOT in autistic individuals (there was one published case report [1]). In fact, many people who were proponents for this therapy could not give a theoretical reason why it should/could even work. We began using HBOT in autistic children with a great deal of skepticism. After seeing improvements in some of these children, we decided that further study was needed. Just over 2 years later, we have finished our third study on the use of HBOT in autism. Many of the underlying pathophysiological findings in autism might be ameliorable with HBOT and these have been reviewed in another publication [2]. HBOT in children is generally regarded as safe [3].
Assessment of agricultural mechanization status of potato production by means of artificial neural network model.

An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to assess mechanization status of potato farms in Iran. Mechanization index (MI) and level of mechanization (LOM) were used to characterize farming system of potato production in the region. To develop ANN model, data were obtained from farmers, government officials as well as from relevant databases. A wide range of explanatory parameters of farming activities were examined. Finally, 19 explanatory parameters were used as input variables to predict MI and LOM. Based on performance measures, single hidden layers with 8 and 3 neurons in the hidden layer were finally selected as the best configuration for predicting MI and LOM, respectively. For the optimal ANN models, the values of the model's outputs correlated well with actual outputs, with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.98 and 0.99 for MI and LOM, respectively. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to investigate the effects of various explanatory parameters on the outputs. Since the ANN model can predict the two mechanization indicators for a target farming system with high accuracy, it could be a good alternative to regression for assessing agricultural mechanization of regional farms with similar conditions.
DETECTION OF PHYTOPLASMA ASSOCIATED WITH CROTALARIA PHYLLODY DISEASE

Crotalaria is a tropical Asian plant grown as a source of green manure, fodder and fiber. Phyllody disease in crotalaria caused by phytoplasma has been gaining importance in the recent years. Symptoms of phyllody infected plants appear pale green and bushy due to excessive stunting, malformation of floral parts into green leaf like structures and production of excessive spikelets in an upright fashion within inflorescence axis. In the present investigation, Fluorescent microscopy and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were standardized for detection of crotalaria phyllody phytoplasma. Fluorescent microscopic technique using 4 1 -6 1 diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stain revealed the association of phytoplasma with bright fluorescent spots in the phloem region of infected stem sections, but no such spots were observed in the phloem region of healthy stem sections. Annealing temperature of 55 and 56 o C for one minute consistently amplified the phytoplasma specific products of 1800 and 1250 bp using P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 universal primers respectively.
What Explains Cross-City Variation in Mortality During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic? Evidence from 438 U.S. Cities

Disparities in cross-city pandemic severity during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic remain poorly understood. This paper uses newly assembled historical data on annual mortality across 438 U.S. cities to explore the determinants of pandemic mortality. We assess the role of three broad factors: i) pre-pandemic population health and poverty, ii) air pollution, and iii) the timing of onset and proximity to military bases. Using regression analysis, we find that cities in the top tercile of the distribution of pre-pandemic infant mortality had 21 excess deaths per 10,000 residents in 1918 relative to cities in the bottom tercile. Similarly, cities in the top tercile of the distribution of proportion of illiterate residents had 21.3 excess deaths per 10,000 residents during the pandemic relative to cities in the bottom tercile. Cities in the top tercile of the distribution of coal-fired electricity generating capacity, an important source of urban air pollution, had 9.1 excess deaths per 10,000 residents in 1918 relative to cities in the bottom tercile. There was no statistically significant relationship between excess mortality and city proximity to World War I bases or the timing of onset. In a counterfactual analysis, the three statistically significant factors accounted for 50 percent of cross-city variation in excess mortality in 1918.
The Decline of the Labor Share: New Empirical Evidence

We use time series techniques to estimate the importance of four main explanations for the decline of the US labor income share: rising firm markups, falling bargaining power of workers, higher investment-specific technology growth, and more automated production processes. Identification is achieved with restrictions derived from a stylized model of structural change. Our results point to automation as the main driver of the labor share, although rising markups have played an important role in the last 20 years. We also find evidence of capital-labor complementarity, suggesting that capital deepening may have raised the labor share. (JEL D21, D43, E25, J51, L23, O33, O41)
An improved transient algorithm for the simulation of a resonant tunneling diode

A fast algorithm is proposed for the simulation of the transient evolution of a resonant tunneling diode by a multiscale approach. The problem is modeled by the time-dependent Schrodinger-Poisson system. By decomposing the wave function into a non resonant part and a resonant part, the fast algorithm is designed by combining standard finite difference method for the Schrodinger-Poisson equation with proper time-dependent and/or nonlinear transmission boundary condition. In addition, with a suitable interpolation of the non resonant one, an accurate and fast algorithm is presented for the computation of the resonant part via the projection method. With this two scale decomposition, the new numerical method can save the computational time significantly.
PIK 3 CA Mutation in Colorectal Cancer : Relationship with Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations 1

Somatic PIK3CA mutations are often present in colorectal cancer. Mutant PIK3CA activates AKT signaling, which up-regulates fatty acid synthase (FASN). Microsatellite instability (MSI) and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) are important molecular classifiers in colorectal cancer. However, the relationship between PIK3CA mutation, MSI and CIMP remains uncertain. Using Pyrosequencing technology, we detected PIK3CA mutations in 91 (15%) of 590 population-based colorectal cancers. To determine CIMP status, we quantified DNA methylation in eight CIMP-specific promoters [CACNA1G, CDKN2A (p16), CRABP1, IGF2, MLH1, NEUROG1, RUNX3, and SOCS1] by real-time polymerase chain reaction (MethyLight). PIK3CA mutation was significantly associated with mucinous tumors [P= . 0002; odds ratio (OR) = 2.44], KRAS mutation (P< .0001; OR = 2.68), CIMP-high (P= .03; OR = 2.08), phospho–ribosomal protein S6 expression (P = .002; OR = 2.19), and FASN expression (P = .02; OR = 1.85) and inversely with p53 expression (P = .01; OR = 0.54) and β-catenin (CTNNB1) alteration (P = .004; OR = 0.43). In addition, PIK3CA G-to-A mutations were associated with MGMT loss (P = .001; OR = 3.24) but not with MGMT promoter methylation. In conclusion, PIK3CA mutation is significantly associated with other key molecular events in colorectal cancer, and MGMT loss likely contributes to the development of PIK3CA G>A mutation. In addition, Pyrosequencing is useful in detecting PIK3CA mutation in archival paraffin tumor tissue. PIK3CA mutational data further emphasize heterogeneity of colorectal cancer at the molecular level. Neoplasia (2008) 10, 534–541 Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype; FASN, fatty acid synthase; LOH, loss of heterozygosity; MSI, microsatellite instability; MSS, microsatellite stable; OR, odds ratio; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PIK3CA, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide; RPS6, ribosomal protein S6 Address all correspondence to: Shuji Ogino, MD, PhD, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney St, Room JF-215C, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: shuji_ogino@dfci.harvard. edu This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants P01 CA87969, P01 CA55075, P50 CA127003, and K07 CA122826 (to S. O.), and in part by grants from the Bennett Family Fund and the Entertainment Industry Foundation (EIF) through the EIF National Colorectal Cancer Research Alliance. M. O. was supported by Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer. These funding sponsors had no role or involvement in the study design, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, or in writing and submission of the manuscript. These authors equally contributed to this work. Received 27 February 2008; Revised 27 March 2008; Accepted 29 March 2008 Copyright © 2008 Neoplasia Press, Inc. All rights reserved 1522-8002/08/$25.00 DOI 10.1593/neo.08336 www.neoplasia. com Volume 10 Number 6 June 2008 pp. 534–541 534
Stability and Economic Performance of the Inflation-Targeting Policy Facing the Crisis

This paper analyzes the inflation targeting policy in emerging economies. More specifically, the development of this work aims to study the conduct, effectiveness and performance of this monetary policy strategy in a context of instability. Taking into account the financial collapse of 2008 and 2009 that has produced the worst global recession since the 1930s. We are developing an econometric approach based on the estimation of the efficiency frontier: variability of inflation - variability of output, which allows us to deduce measures of economic performance and measures of the efficiency of monetary policy. Our results show a significant difference within the macroeconomic performance in a global economic environment characterized by an international financial crisis. We show that these differences are generally due to the choice of this monetary policy strategy.
A-type stars in the Canada–France Imaging Survey – II. Tracing the height of the disc at large distances with Blue Stragglers

We present the kinematics of Blue Straggler (BS) stars identified in the Canada-France-Imaging-Survey (CFIS), covering 4000 deg$^2$ on the sky in the $u$-band. The BS sample, characterised through CFIS and Pan-STARRS photometry, has been kinematically decomposed into putative halo and disc populations after cross-matching with Gaia astrometry and SDSS/SEGUE/LAMOST spectroscopy. This decomposition clearly reveals the strong flaring of the outer Milky Way disc. In particular, we show that we can detect this flaring up to a vertical height of $|Z| \simeq 8$ kpc at a Galactocentric distance of $R\sim $27 kpc. While some small level of flaring is expected for extended discs built up by radial migration, we demonstrate that this observed very strong flaring of the Milky Way disc is more likely consistent with it being dynamically heated by the repeated passage of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy through the midplane.
Performance evaluation of interconnected logistics networks confronted to hub disruptions

This paper investigates performance of interconnected logistics networks confronted to disruptions at hub level. With traditional supply chain network design, companies define and optimize their own logistics networks, resulting in current logistics systems being a set of independent heterogeneous logistics networks. The concept of PI aims to integrate independent logistics networks into a global, open, interconnected system. Prior research has shown that the new organization can reduce the actual transportation cost through the optimization of full truckload and integration of different transportation means. Continuing along these lines, this paper examines how the interconnected logistics networks applying PI deal with disruption problems at hubs. To attain this, a multi-agent based simulation model with dynamic transportation protocols is proposed. Random disruptions at hubs are considered. Case studies of FMCG cases in France have been taken out. Results suggest that though exposed with disruption risks the PI is a robust logistic system. This paper indicates a novel approach to build a resilient supply network.
Carbon in Quercus forest ecosystems Management and environmental considerations

1 Zusammenfassung. 2 Overview . 3 Background . 3 Peak everything or peak us: what comes first? 5 Energy, Resources and the Environment . 5 Could nuclear fission energy mitigate the greenhouse problem? 7 The challenge to introduce a low-carbon emitting society – Kyoto protocol quo vadis . 8 The role of forests as carbon sinks . 9 Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) . 12 Nitrogen – a proxy for the carbon cycle? 13 REDD: A forestry-based framework to mitigate climate change . 14 Biomass from forests – the smart alternative of C farming? 15 Short rotation woody crops (SRWC) . 17 From society-nature interaction to bioenergy: the Japanese example of Satoyama . 19 Pyrolysed biomass – a revival of ancient knowledge . 20 Concluding Remarks . 21 Relevance and impact of the publications . 24 Paper 1: Carbon pools and temporal dynamics along a rotation period in Quercus dominated high forest and coppice with standards stands . 24 Paper 2: Improved soil carbonate determination by FT-IR and X-ray analysis . 25 References . 26 Scientific publications . 35 Paper 1: Carbon pools and temporal dynamics along a rotation period in Quercus dominated high forest and coppice with standards stands . 36 Paper 2: Improved soil carbonate determination by FT-IR and X-ray analysis . 48 Selected contributions at international scientific events . 55 Scientific CV . 63
Measurement of dielectron production in central Pb-Pb collisions at 
sNN=2.76TeV

The first measurement of dielectron (e+e−) production in central (0–10%) Pb–Pb collisions at √ sNN = 2.76 TeV at the LHC is presented. The dielectron invariant-mass spectrum is compared to the expected contributions from hadron decays in the invariant-mass range 0 < mee < 3.5 GeV/c2. The ratio of data and the cocktail of hadronic contributions without vacuum ρ0 is measured in the invariant-mass range 0.15 < mee < 0.7 GeV/c2, where an excess of dielectrons is observed in other experiments, and its value is 1.40 ± 0.28 (stat.) ± 0.08 (syst.) ± 0.27 (cocktail). The dielectron spectrum measured in the invariant mass range 0 < mee < 1 GeV/c2 is consistent with the predictions from two theoretical model calculations that include thermal dielectron production from both partonic and hadronic phases with in-medium broadened ρ0 meson. The fraction of direct virtual photons over inclusive virtual photons is extracted for dielectron pairs with invariant mass 0.1 < mee < 0.3 GeV/c2 and in the transverse-momentum intervals 1 < pT,ee < 2 GeV/c and 2 < pT,ee < 4 GeV/c. The measured fraction of virtual direct photons is consistent with the measurement of real direct photons by ALICE and with the expectations from previous dielectron measurements at RHIC within the experimental uncertainties.
Glaucoma Comparison of Visual Field Progression Rates Among the High Tension Glaucoma , Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma , and Normal Tension Glaucoma

Shonraj Ballae Ganeshrao, Sirisha Senthil, Nikhil Choudhari, Shravya Sri Durgam, and Chandra Sekhar Garudadri VST Centre for Glaucoma Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
Empirical Correlations between Peak Ground Velocity and Spectrum-Based Intensity Measures

Empirical correlation equations between peak ground velocity (PGV) and several spectrum-based ground motion intensity measures are developed. The intensity measures examined in particular were: peak ground acceleration (PGA), 5% damped pseudo-spectral acceleration (SA), acceleration spectrum intensity (ASI), and spectrum intensity (SI). The computed correlations were obtained using ground motions from active shallow crustal earthquakes and four ground motion prediction equations. Results indicate that PGV is strongly correlated (i.e., a correlation coefficient of ρ = 0.89 ) with SI, moderately correlated with medium to long-period SA (i.e., ρ ≈ 0.8 for vibration periods 0.5-3.0 seconds), and also moderately correlated with short period SA, PGA and ASI ( ρ ≈ 0. 7 − 0. 73 ). A simple example is used to illustrate one possible application of the developed correlation equations for ground motion selection.
Large Shareholders and Financial Distress

I examine large shareholders' externalities on other claim holders when firms are financially distressed. To this end, I develop a tractable dynamic model of the interplay between these blockholders and regular equity holders. Blockholders' information acquisition and investment decisions play a pivotal role in distressed firms' access to finance, affecting both total firm value and its distribution across claims. The impact on distress costs is non-monotone; whereas blockholders' information exacerbates debt overhang for intermediate levels of distress, it increases firms' survival chances in deep distress. These findings reveal that frictions delaying block acquisitions to "last minute" rescue interventions can in fact be efficiency-enhancing.
THE NUCLEAR CLUSTER OF THE MILKY WAY: TOTAL MASS AND LUMINOSITY

We obtain the basic properties of the nuclear cluster of the Milky Way. First, we investigate the structural properties by constructing a stellar density map of the central 1000″ using extinction-corrected old star counts from VISTA, WFC3/IR, and VLT/NACO data. We describe the data using two components. The inner, slightly flattened (axis ratio of q = 0.80 ± 0.04 ) component is the nuclear cluster, while the outer component corresponds to the stellar component of the circumnuclear zone. For the nuclear cluster, we measure a half-light radius of 178 ± 51 ″ ≈ 7 ± 2 pc and a luminosity of M Ks = − 16.0 ± 0.5 . Second, we measure detailed dynamics out to 4 pc. We obtain 10,351 proper motions from AO data, and 2513 radial velocities from VLT/SINFONI data. We determine the cluster mass by means of isotropic spherical Jeans modeling. We fix the distance to the Galactic Center and the mass of the supermassive black hole. We model the cluster either with a constant M/L or with a power law. For the latter case, we obtain a slope of 1.18 ± 0.06. We get a cluster mass within 100″ of M 100 ″ = ( 6.09 ± 0.53 ∣ fix R 0 ± 0.97 ∣ R 0 ) × 10 6 M ⊙ for both modeling approaches. A model which includes the observed flattening gives a 47% larger mass (see Chatzopoulos et al.). Our results slightly favor a core over a cusp in the mass profile. By minimizing the number of unbound stars within 8″, we obtain a distance of R 0 = 8.53 − 0.15 + 0.21 kpc when using an R0 supermassive black hole mass relation from stellar orbits. Combining our results, we obtain M / L = 0.51 ± 0.12 M ⊙ / L ⊙ , Ks , which is roughly consistent with a Chabrier IMF.
Compare and despair or compare and explore? Instagram social comparisons of ability and opinion predict adolescent identity development

Whilst there is an emerging literature concerning social comparisons on social networking sites (SNSs), very little is known about the extent to which such behaviours inform adolescent identity. Drawing upon the three-factor model of identity development (Crocetti, Rubini & Meeus, 2008), this study seeks to determine the relationship between Instagram comparisons of ability and opinion and three identity processes: commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment. 177 British adolescents responded to a paper survey (Mage = 15.45; Female, 54.8%) between December 2018 and February 2019. Instagram social comparisons of ability were positively associated with commitment and in-depth exploration, whilst their relationship with reconsideration of commitment was moderated by gender. In contrast, Instagram social comparisons of opinion were positively related with in-depth exploration and reconsideration of commitment. Findings suggest that although both forms of social comparison behaviour may evoke adolescents to explore their identity, Instagram social comparisons of ability may have less maladaptive identity implications for adolescent males.