Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grazing‐Tolerant Alfalfa Cultivars Perform Well under Rotational Stocking and Hay Management

Grazing-tolerant alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) cultivars are developed using continuous stocking with beef cattle (Bos taurus) during screening and selection. Alfalfa is mainly recommended for use in hay making and under rotational stocking rather than continuous stocking. Performance of alfalfa cultivars selected under the specificity of intensive, continuous stocking in recommended management systems is unknown. This study was conducted to test survival and performance of alfalfa populations selected with continuous stocking against their parental cultivar germplasms ('Apollo', 'Diamond', '5432', and 'Florida 77') at two Georgia locations (Eatonton and Tifton) under the following management conditions: grazing to close stubble heights (5-7 cm) with continuous stocking, grazing to close stubble heights (5-7 cm) with rotational stocking (7 d grazing and 28 d rest), and standard hay harvesting. At Eatonton, plant survival was similar (52-53%) for the rotational stocking and hay harvest treatments, with all entries in these treatments exhibiting better survival than in the continuously stocked treatment (38%). At Tifton, stand survival improved as management changed from continuous stocking (24%) to rotational stocking (46%) to hay harvest management (63%). At both test locations, grazing-tolerant entries demonstrated higher plant survival rates than parental populations when averaged across all management treatments. Dry matter yields of the grazing-tolerant entries were no different, or were higher during 1 yr at Tifton, than their parental populations. It is therefore a good strategy for producers practicing continuous stocking, rotational stocking, or hay making to use grazing-tolerant cultivars rather than cultivars not selected for grazing tolerance.
Website content and consumer buying behavior: The mediating role of electronic word-of-mouth

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of Electronic word-of-mouth (EWM) between Website Content (WC) and Consumer Buying Behavior (CBB). The working people may differ in their behavior due to time constraints and prefer to buy goods and services online. Methodology: Primary data was collected with the help of adopted questionnaires from working men and working women from Hyderabad, Pakistan. The total number of respondents was 200 and for the hypothesis testing, various statistical tests were applied such as Reliability Test, Factor Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling in SPSS and AMOS. Findings: The present study, confirmed the partial mediation of EWM between WC and CBB. Implications: This study suggested that marketing companies of Hyderabad, Pakistan should focus on EWM along with WC for better market share in the future. Keywords: Website Content; Consumer Buying Behavior; Electronic Word of Mouth
Field prediction of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) fibre constituents in northern Europe

Models to predict neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) of alfalfa before harvest have been developed in the USA, but have not been tested in northern Europe or above 50°N latitude. Our objective was to test predictive equations for alfalfa quality (PEAQ) and the New York prediction equation for alfalfa quality (NYPQ) for estimating alfalfa NDF and ADF in northern Poland. A total of 275 alfalfa samples, varying in height and maturity, were collected from twenty farm fields over 3 years. Observed NDF and ADF values were regressed on predicted values. The accuracy of PEAQ for predicting NDF and ADF in Poland was equal to that observed in the USA (r2 > 0·89; RMSE 0·88; RMSE < 23·0), but these equations were extremely biased. The results demonstrate that the PEAQ model provides a simple, rapid and reasonably accurate means to estimate fibre concentrations of alfalfa before harvest, appropriate for the growing conditions of northern Europe.
Does experience affect engagement? Role of destination brand engagement in developing brand advocacy and revisit intentions

ABSTRACT Destination brand engagement (DBE) has emerged as a valuable construct for developing and maintaining enduring relationships with consumers. This study investigates the relationships among DBE, destination brand experience, and visitor outcomes by supplementing the existing research in two ways: first, it explores how destination brand experience (sensory, affective, intellectual, and behavioral) affects DBE in a specific tourist destination. Second, the role of DBE in developing destination brand advocacy and destination revisit intentions has also been examined. Some important implications are suggested for both service providers and practitioners of the tourism industry.
Relations among Stream Temperature, Angling Success for Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout, and Fisherman Satisfaction

Abstract On-site creel surveys were conducted in 1987 and 1988 while water temperature was continuously recorded on two sections–an upper, cooler section and a lower, warmer section–of the Madison River in Montana. Results from 1,741 angler contacts showed that as fishing temperatures increased catch rates for trout (rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta combined) tended to decline in both sections. In the warmer, lower section, average catch rates declined to levels considered unsatisfactory by anglers in that section (≤ 50.4–0.6 trout/ h) at temperatures of 19°C or higher. In the cooler, upper section, fishing temperature seldom exceeded 19°C, and average catch rates generally remained above levels considered unsatisfactory (0.6–0.7 trout/h) by anglers in that section. At similar temperatures, catch rates were generally higher in the upper section. The percentage of anglers catching no trout increased significantly with increasing temperature in the lower section, to 50% or more.
UN MURIDE QUATERNAIRE NOUVEAU D’ALGERIE, PARAETHOMYS FILFILAE. SES RAPPORTS AVEC LES MURIDES ACTUELS

A 1'occasion d'une otude geologique efTectuee en 1953 dans la region de Philippeville, M. J. Hilly a decouvert toute tine faune fossile dans un remplissage de poche quaternaire d'age würmien, dans les calcaires metamorphiques du Filfila. II a entrepris ulterieurement une fouille systematique de ce gisement avec L. Ginsburg, Sous-Directeur a u Laboratoire de Paleontologie du Museum de Paris, qui a bien voulu me confier l'etude des rongeurs recoltes. Ceux-ci appartiennent ä deux especes de Murides de taille bien di fie rente. A cote d'une souris bien caracterisee, Mus musculus, qui est representee par plusieurs dents j u gales superieures et inferieures, il y a une portion de mandibule droite comprenant la base de Tincisive, M„ M2, et la trace des racines de M3, d'un rongeur qui devait etre de la dimension d'un rat surmulot. L'etude comparee de ces M, et M2 avec, d'une part celles d'un rongeur pliocene, Stephanomys donnczani, d'autre part celles de rats africains actuels rapportes au genre Aethomys, permet d'insister sur certains caracteres de revolution des molaires inferieures qui ne sont habituellement pas suffisamment mis en evidence.
Growth and Feeding Responses of Male versus Female Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Treated with Estradiol-17β

In yellow perch (Perca flavescens) (initially 13–16 g total weight) fed to satiation (3.0–3.5% of body weight per day), estradiol-17β (E2) at 15 μg/g diet stimulated weight gain and food consumption of both sexes but did not influence food conversion efficiency (FCE), as measured by weight gain of fish per weight of food consumed. Females fed to satiation gained more weight, consumed more food, and had higher FCE than males. In perch fed a restricted ration (1.2% of body weight per day), the differences between the sexes in weight gain were reduced and due entirely to differences in FCE, and weight gain was not improved by E2. Spatial segregation or integration of the sexes had no influence on sex-related growth patterns in perch fed either the satiation or restricted ration. Carcass composition of perch treated for 84 d with E2 at 2, 20, or 50 μg/g diet did not differ from that of controls. These data indicate that (1) estrogens promote growth in yellow perch by stimulating food consumption, (2) female p.
Antidepressant Activity of Alpha-lactalbumin in Chronic Unpredictable Stress Model in Swiss Albino Mice

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause for morbidity and mortality. Whey protein components are recently used as functional foods with health benefits. Alpha-lactalbumin (A-LA) is an important component of whey protein. It is a good source of the essential amino acids. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the possible antidepressant effect of whey protein against MDD induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CUS model is used to induce depression in mice for 24 consecutive days and aimed to evaluate the ability of A-LA compared to fluoxetine to recover depression symptoms. Thirty minutes before exposure to the physical stressor, mice were given A-LA daily in a dose of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg bwt. RESULTS: The highest dose of A-LA (300 mg/kg bwt.) lessens depression induced in mice. CONCLUSION: This effect might contribute to elevate the level of glutamate and monoamine neurotransmitters, I³-amino-butyric acid inhibition, and enhancement of glutathione in brain tissue.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS In vivo AND In vitro OF TWO γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) ANALOGUES: β‐CHLORO GABA AND β‐PHENYL GABA

1 The synthesis of two analogues of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), β‐chloro GABA and β‐phenyl GABA is described. 2 The activity of brain GABA aminotransferase was inhibited by β‐chloro GABA (5.7 × 10−5 M) and β‐phenyl GABA (4.6 × 10−3 M) in a competitive manner with GABA. 3 β‐Chloro GABA exhibited 50% of the inhibitory activity of GABA in blocking the discharge of the crayfish stretch receptor neurone; β‐phenyl GABA had no detectable effect. 4 Injection of β‐phenyl GABA (200 mg/kg) into normal or epileptic cats (cobalt) caused the appearance of synchronized slow‐wave EEG activity. 5 Administration of β‐chloro GABA (200 mg/kg) to epileptic cats (cobalt) produced a temporary diminution or abolition of epileptic discharges while causing no alteration in normal EEG activity. 6 β‐Chloro GABA and β‐phenyl GABA had no effect on the concentrations of catecholamines or of amino acids in mouse brain. 7 The results suggest that both β‐chloro GABA and β‐phenyl GABA may pass the blood‐brain barrier.
Assessment of COVID-19 Mass Testing: The Case of South Korea

South Korea’s knowledge and experience of the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) allowed them to quickly react to the 2019 Novel Corona Virus or COVID-19. One of the lapses they have identified during the MERS outbreak was mass testing which resulted to a death toll of 38. This papers shows how South Korea’s mass testing allowed them to control the further increase in the number of new infections. Furthermore, it also allowed the early detection of outbreak in the city of Daegu after a period of 33 days from the start of testing. Funding: Personally funded. Conflict of Interest: None declared under financial, general, and institutional competing interests.
SVI Model Free Wings

In this paper we study the Stochastic Volatility Inspired model (SVI). Until recently, it was not possible to find sufficient conditions that would guarantee the absence of static arbitrage in this SVI model. Recently, we proposed a new numerical method based on Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm to resolve this problem. The main contribution in this paper is that we provide sufficient conditions that guarantee an SVI static arbitrage-free. These conditions ensure that the probability density function will remain positive.Finally, we present several computational synthetic examples with static arbitrage and we show how to fix them.Next, we use real market data coming from 23 indexes to calibrate the SVI model. The calibration method is robust and easy to implement,it guarantees calibration arbitrage free (calendar spread and butterfly arbitrage).
Putting Performance and Kinematics Differ with Skill Level in Female Golfers

Abstract: Background: Female professional golf tours are gaining popularity around the world; there are key performance factors that are related to high performance on the female professional tour, like “driving distance and accuracy” and “putting per round”. However, there is a lack of research on the putting kinematics of female golfers with a lack of understanding the differences between the skill levels of female golfers.
Functional Genomic and Serological Analysis of the Protective Immune Response Resulting from Vaccination of Macaques with an NS1-Truncated Influenza Virus

ABSTRACT We are still inadequately prepared for an influenza pandemic due to the lack of a vaccine effective for subtypes to which the majority of the human population has no prior immunity and which could be produced rapidly in sufficient quantities. There is therefore an urgent need to investigate novel vaccination approaches. Using a combination of genomic and traditional tools, this study compares the protective efficacy in macaques of an intrarespiratory live influenza virus vaccine produced by truncating NS1 in the human influenza A/Texas/36/91 (H1N1) virus with that of a conventional vaccine based on formalin-killed whole virus. After homologous challenge, animals in the live-vaccine group had greatly reduced viral replication and pathology in lungs and reduced upper respiratory inflammation. They also had lesser induction of innate immune pathways in lungs and of interferon-sensitive genes in bronchial epithelium. This postchallenge response contrasted with that shortly after vaccination, when more expression of interferon-sensitive genes was observed in bronchial cells from the live-vaccine group. This suggested induction of a strong innate immune response shortly after vaccination with the NS1-truncated virus, followed by greater maturity of the postchallenge immune response, as demonstrated with robust influenza virus-specific CD4+ T-cell proliferation, immunoglobulin G production, and transcriptional induction of T- and B-cell pathways in lung tissue. In conclusion, a single respiratory tract inoculation with an NS1-truncated influenza virus was effective in protecting nonhuman primates from homologous challenge. This protection was achieved in the absence of significant or long-lasting adverse effects and through induction of a robust adaptive immune response.
Communication between the fungus garden and workers of the leaf‐cutting ant, Atta sexdens rubropilosa, regarding choice of substrate for the fungus

Bait made from orange peel, containing the fungicide cycloheximide, was initially harvested by workers of Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Forel) and incorporated into the fungus garden as substrate for the fungus. The bait was subsequently rejected by the worker ants days later. Exposure of the fungus to cycloheximide, in laboratory sub‐colonies, resulted in the fungus being ‘stressed’. By interchanging normal fungus garden with ‘stressed’ fungus garden, a change in the foraging behaviour of the workers was evident.
Phenology model from surface meteorology does not capture satellite‐based greenup estimations

Seasonal temperature change in temperate forests is known to trigger the start of spring growth, and both interannual and spatial variations in spring onset have been tied to climatic variability. Satellite dates are increasingly being used in phenology studies, but to date that has been little effort to link remotely sensed phenology to surface climate records. In this research, we use a two‐parameter spring warming phenology model to explore the relationship between climate and satellite‐based phenology. We employ daily air temperature records between 2000 and 2005 for 171 National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration weather stations located throughout New England to construct spring warming models predicting the onset of spring, as defined by the date of half‐maximum greenness (D50) in deciduous forests as detected from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer. The best spring warming model starts accumulating temperatures after March 20th and when average daily temperatures exceed 5°C. The accumulated heat sums [heating degree day (HDD)] required to reach D50 range from 150 to 300 degree days over New England, with the highest requirements to the south and in coastal regions. We test the ability of the spring warming model to predict phenology against a null photoperiod model (average date of onset). The spring warming model offers little improvement on the null model when predicting D50. Differences between the efficacies of the two models are expressed as the ‘climate sensitivity ratio’ (CSR), which displays coherent spatial patterns. Our results suggest that northern (beech‐maple‐birch) and central (oak‐hickory) hardwood forests respond to climate differently, particularly with disparate requirements for the minimum temperature necessary to begin spring growth (3 and 6°C, respectively). We conclude that spatial location and species composition are critical factors for predicting the phenological response to climate change: satellite observations cannot be linked directly to temperature variability if species or community compositions are unknown.
Ethylene Inhibitors Increase Net Assimilation Rate and Cotton Boll Dry Matter Under Drought

Although the ethylene inhibitors role on reduction rate of boll abscission in cotton plants submitted to drought is being recently reported, its effects on photosynthesis performance and on cotton boll dry matter across the sympodial branch is scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cotton photosynthesis and its boll dry matter performance across the reproductive branches via positional mapping in plants sprayed with ethylene inhibitors and submitted to water deficit. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene action and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an inhibitor of its synthesis, were sprayed on cotton plants alone and in association. Treatments were composed by (T 1 ) control, where deionized water was sprayed; (T 2 ) sprayed with AVG at 0.15 g a.i. L -1 ; (T 3 ) 1-MCP at 0.076 g a.i. L -1 ; (T 4 ) AVG at 0.15 g a.i. L -1 plus 1-MCP at 0.076 g a.i. L -1 ; (T 5 ) AVG at 0.15 g a.i. L -1 twice at each seven days; (T 6 ) 1-MCP sprayed at 0.076 g a.i. L -1 twice using the same interval and (T 7 ) AVG at 0.15 g a.i. L -1 plus 1-MCP at 0.076 g a.i. L -1 twice at each seven days. The ethylene inhibitors sustained higher photosynthesis performance and higher boll dry mass across reproductive branches independent of compound, its combination or entries number. Highlight that a AVG (T 2 ) or its 1-MCP association in two entries (T 7 ) showed the best performance for dry matter accumulation, especially in the two first reproductive branches, while they maintained the highest photosynthesis rates at the end of stress period.
Impacts Of Deforestation On Socio-Economic Development And Environment In Nigeria

Deforestation enables the earth soil to run off into sources of water supply due to the absence of tree roots to absorb water thereby causing water pollution. Absence of tree roots further deprives the soil of important nutrients necessary for the growth of new vegetation. Through deforestation, more carbon is released into the atmosphere, climatic changes take place and soil is exposed to rainfalls thus promoting erosions. These are not without serious health implications. The trade of wood products is an obvious source of substantial income for national and local governments as well as traditional rulers and individuals. This often comes in the form of export earnings, taxes, royalties and personal income for those engaged either directly or indirectly in the exploitation of these forest products. Qualitative secondary sources of data collection were used for this paper. Amongst other recommendations, it is recommended that Corrupt government officials in charge of forestry laws and policies should be prosecuted together with illegal loggers, environmental education should be accorded to the general public on the dire consequences of deforestation on people and the society at large, skills acquisition program should be organized for rural women dwellers and the uneducated youths in order to curtail the rate of deforestation.
Bioactive constituents, flavors and aromas of virgin oils obtained by processing olives with a natural enzyme extract

To enhance both virgin olive oil quality and yields, a natural enzyme extract (Bioliva) was used during processing of four Italian olive cultivars (Leccino, Caroleo, Dritta and Coratina) carried out with a percolation-centrifugation extraction system. This biological formulation is essentially made up of natural enzyme species capable of degrading the major constituents of the vegetal cell membrane, such as pectin and cellulose. The oils of the second extraction (centrifuged oils), considered in this work, were fully characterized. The enzyme effects resulted in an enhanced incorporation of minor components (phenols, tocopherols, volatiles, carotenes, xanthophylls and chlorophylls) into the oil phase with consequent significant improvement of the analytical parameters related to typicality, flavor and shelflife. No significant modifications concerning triacylglycerols, fatty acids, and non-glycerol compounds mainly related to genuineness were observed. A significant improvement of the oil outputs and the features of by-products was also achieved. Another important outcome to be highlighted is the lower values concerning the emulsified fat, suspended solids, dry matter and COD (chemical oxygen demand) characterising the liquid effluent (olive juice).
Field-based studies with the diamondback moth tritrophic system in Cameron Highlands of Malaysia: Implications for pest management

A brief chronological history of the management of Plutella xylotsella L. in the Cameron Highlands to date is presented, including recent evidence for resistance to selective insecticides (Bacillus thuringiensis-based products and abamectin), and the urgent need for resistance management strategies is discussed. Field studies on parasitism of P. xylostella on two host plant species (Brassica oleracea var. capitata and B. pekinensis) by three key parasitoids (Diadegma semiclausum Helle n, Diadromus collaris Gravenhorst and Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov) are described and show distinct species-specific trends. In particular, Plutella xylostella outbreaks occurred most commonly on B. pekinensis, a crop which appeared less attractive to D. semiclausum (in terms of searching efficiency, the superior endolarval parasitoid) than to Cotesia plutellae. The possible involvement of induction and genetic (co-evolutionary) mechanisms in the observed species-specific differences is discussed together with suggestions for.
The Influence of Grammatical Gender on Russian and Thai Speakers’ Cognition

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of grammatical gender on Russian speakers’ cognition, compared with Thai speakers’ cognition by means of object categorization. The key materials in the experiment are black-and-white pictures represented by nouns that are selected based on gender and appearance similarity. The hypothesis is that Russian speakers group two pictures that belong to the same grammatical gender class together, while Thai speakers generally rely on the size or shape of objects in the pictures. The result of the experiment statistically showed that Russian speakers categorized things on the basis of grammatical gender, while Thai speakers categorized things represented by things grouped on the basis of size or shape. Additionally, the result implies that bilingualism is a very important variable in a study testing the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis.