Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Abortion and Euthanasia Among Health Students in Papua New Guinea

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore knowledge and attitudes of health program students towards ethical issues pertaining to the beginning and the end of human life, and associations between these attitudes and demographic variables. Participants and Methods The study took a mixed-method approach with self-administered survey questionnaires and in-depth interviews. A total of 88 students participated in the survey, and 10 students participated in interviews. The study was conducted among students in the Health Extension Program at a Christian university in Papua New Guinea. Results Students showed a higher acceptance of abortion than euthanasia. More year-4 students presented significantly deeper knowledge of euthanasia and abortion compared to year-1 students. There were no gender differences regarding knowledge and attitude towards these two bioethical issues. The majority of students opposed the idea of women’s right to abortion, which is attributed mainly to socio-cultural reasons. The qualitative analysis indicated a very strong perception that having children ‘defines’ womanhood and also revealed general disapproval of any form of euthanasia. A low level of acceptance of various forms of euthanasia is associated with a respect for older people in Melanesian society and beliefs that ancestors’ support is required for achieving prosperity in life. Conclusion The study offered a comprehensive description and analysis of students’ knowledge and attitudes towards ethical issues pertaining to the beginning and the end of human life. Presented a low level of knowledge towards bioethical issues, together with a small proportion of the knowledge gained from lectures and tutorials, indicated inadequate teaching of bioethics and calls for further improvement. In the perspective of rapid social and cultural changes in the Papua New Guinea society, further studies on changing attitudes towards bioethics issues would be valuable.
Enhancing of self-regulated learning strategies for health care students to improve e-learning in the “Corona semester” as an interdisciplinary task

Objective: Self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies are a central prerequisite for the goal-oriented and successful use of digital learning opportunities in the study of health care professions. It is often presumed that students are proficient in SRL, but this could not be taken for granted. Using the example of the master's degree program in nursing education at the Fliedner University of Applied Sciences, it is shown how the topic of SRL can support students in self-directed e-learning and expand their digital learning competence. Method: The period of e-learning was initiated with a project introducing to SRL. The students (n= 49) elaborated task-based text work on SRL, which was made available via a learning platform. Subsequently, the students reflected individually on their SRL using a proven questionnaire and set development goals for themselves. At the end of the semester the usefulness of SRL was evaluated in a group discussion with open questions from the students' point of view and the answers were qualitatively evaluated. Results: The knowledge of SRL supported the students during the period of e-learning to plan their learning activities goal-oriented manner and to use the learning opportunities systematically. Discussion/conclusions: SRL can promote the digital learning competence of students and support them in coping with the study requirements during the period of e-learning. In this context, SRL could be included in an interdisciplinary curriculum to foster the digital learning competence of students as an interdisciplinary topic and cross-sectional subject in all study programs of health care professions.
Exposure to cadmium and copper triggers cytotoxic effects and epigenetic changes in human colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells

Recent scientific evidence suggests a link between epigenetic changes (DNA methylation) and tumorigenesis. Moreover, a potential carcinogenic mechanism of cadmium was associated with changes in DNA methylation. In this study we investigated the impact of CdCl2 and CuSO4 aqueous solutions on DNA methylation in HT-29 cells by quantifying DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B) mRNA expression. Furthermore, we also studied the cytotoxic and anti-migratory potential of these substances. The results showed a dose-dependent decrease of viable cell percentage following 24 h of exposure (at concentrations of 0.05; 0.2; 1; 10 and 100 µg/ml), and an inhibitory effect on HT-29 cell migration capacity. In addition, RT-qPCR results showed that cadmium acts as a hypomethylating agent by suppressing DNMT expression, whereas copper acts as a hypermethylating compound by increasing DNMT expression. These findings suggest a cytotoxic potential of both cadmium and copper on HT-29 cells and their capacity to induce epigenetic changes.
Revascularization of a Crushed Foot and Ankle Mortis

Foot crush injury is a difficult problem both from the complexity of the injury pattern standpoint and also the significant clinical and socioeconomic burden that it represents to the patient. Scoring systems exist to predict limb salvage, but the accuracy and implementation of these are varied, and thus clinical judgment must always be employed when attempting limb salvage. This case report describes the first use of a reversed saphenous interposition graft repair of a transected dorsalis pedis in a patient after sustaining crush injuries to the distal lower extremity. The patient was able to undergo partial limb salvage with the use of revascularization and judicious fasciotomies.
An overview of the tumor microenvironment, from cells to complex networks (Review)

For a long period, cancer has been believed to be a gene disease, in which oncogenic and suppressor mutations accumulate gradually, finally leading to the malignant transformation of cells. This vision has changed in the last few years, the involvement of the tumor microenvironment, the non-malignant part of the tumors, as an important contributor to the malignant growth being now largely recognized. There is a consensus according to which the understanding of the tumor microenvironment is important as a means to develop new approaches in the therapy of cancer. In this context, the present study is a review of the different types of non-malignant cells that can be found in tumors, with their pro or antitumoral actions, presence in tumors and therapeutic targeting. These cells establish complex relations between them, through cytokines, exosomes, cell adhesion, co-stimulation and co-inhibition; these relations will also be examined in the present work.
Quantitatively monitoring acute ischemic stroke patients post recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment

Thrombolytic therapy is widely used to treat acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. As intracerebral hemorrhage is a life‐threatening complication of this therapy, monitoring the fibrinolytic and coagulation systems is imperative. However, existing studies on plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) and thrombin‐antithrombin III complex (TAT) mostly apply the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The aim of this study is to establish the baseline of thrombolytic treatment for AIS patients; to monitor the fibrinolytic and coagulation system following alteplase administration; to ascertain the proper time point to predict intracerebral hemorrhage.
The Multiple Ingredients Effect: The More Diverse (Un)Healthy Ingredients, the More (Un)Healthy the Food

Background Although previous research has demonstrated that ingredient information plays a significant role in consumers’ healthier food choices, none of the research has investigated how the number of ingredients (ie, single vs multiple) influences consumer perceptions of food healthiness. However, this research argues that consumers have lay belief that the greater the number of (un)healthy ingredients in food, the more (un)healthy the food is perceived and they rely on the lay belief when judging food healthiness. Thus, this paper proposes and examines the multiple ingredients effect that people make inferences about food (un)healthiness based on the diversity of (un)healthy ingredients. Methods and Results Four studies test our hypotheses using ANOVAs and regression analyses. Study 1 examines that people indicate a higher perception of food unhealthiness when the number of unhealthy ingredients is presented as multiple rather than single. Study 2 replicates the multiple ingredients effect in the healthy food domain and eliminates an alternative explanation based on the subadditivity effect. Study 3 also finds that the difference in food healthiness perception between people who have high and low health consciousness is driven by the salience of each ingredient. Finally, Study 4 identifies the evaluability of the nutritional value as a boundary condition for our effect in an AI-based self-service context. Conclusion The current research demonstrates the multiple ingredients effect that people perceive higher food (un)healthiness when the number of (un)healthy ingredients is greater although nutritional information is identically presented. Moreover, this effect is moderated by the extent to which people are conscious of health-related issues. This finding is because ingredient information is highly accessible and salient for health-conscious people .
Artificial photosynthesis. 1. Photosensitization of titania solar cells with chlorophyll derivatives and related natural porphyrins

Colloidal TiO[sub 2] electrodes were photosensitized with derivatives of chlorophyll and related natural porphyrins resulting in light harvesting and charge separation efficiencies comparable to those in natural photosynthesis. The photocurrent action spectra of the electrodes correlate well with the absorption spectra of the dyes in solution. Incident photon to current efficiencies up to 83% are reached in the Soret peak at 400 nm with a 12-[mu]m-thick TiO[sub 2] film sensitized by copper mesoporphyrin IX, which corresponds to nearly unity quantum efficiency of charge separation when light reflection losses are taken into account. Photocurrent/voltage curves of TiO[sub 2] solar cells sensitized with copper chlorophyllin show an energy conversion efficiency of 10% for the red peak at 630 nm. Under simulated sunlight illumination, an open circuit photovoltage of 0.52 V and a short circuit current density of 9.4 mA/cm[sup 2] are measured. The overall energy conversion efficiency of the cell is 2.6% under these conditions, in part limited by ohmic losses at such high current densities. The comparison of different chlorophyll derivatives indicates that free carboxyl groups are important for adsorption and sensitization on TiO[sub 2]. However, conjugation of the carboxyl groups with the [pi] electron system of the chromophore is notmore » necessary for efficient electron transfer. Free bases, zinc, and even the nonfluorescent copper complexes of chlorophyllins and mesoporphyrin IX are efficient sensitizers for TiO[sub 2]. Cholanic acids as coadsorbates were found to be unique in improving both photocurrent and voltage of copper chlorophyllin sensitized cells. This effect is discussed by comparison with other coadsorbates. 23 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab. « less
Uso de vinhaça e impactos nas propriedades do solo e lençol freático

Usually stillage presents high concentrations of nitrate, potassium and organic matter. Its utilization may change a soil's characteristics and modify its chemical properties, increasing the availability of some elements for plants. On the other hand, stillage may also promote change in physical properties of soil in two different ways: these changes can improve soil aggregation, increasing soil water infiltration capacity and, consequently, increasing leaching of ions, in such a way to contaminate the groundwater when in high concentrations, as well as to promote dispersion of soil particles, contributing for a decrease in its infiltration rate and elevation of runoff, with possible contamination of surface water. Due to the fact that there are different types of soil and stillage composition, the research results found are very variable, however, agreement exists that its application must be made according to cation exchange capacity of soil.
Experimental Evaluation of the Adsorption, Diffusion, and Separation of CH4/N2 and CH4/CO2 Mixtures on Al-BDC MOF

Adsorption equilibrium, thermodynamics, and kinetics of CH4, N2, and CO2 were investigated by volumetric-chromatographic and inverse gas chromatographic (IGC) methods on the Al-BDC MOF. The binary adsorption data from the volumetric-chromatographic experiments represents that the Al-BDC MOF has a high CO2/CH4 selectivity ca. 11 and a CH4/N2 selectivity ca. 4.3 at 303 K, and appears to be a good candidate for the CH4 separation. The initial adsorption heats of CH4, N2, and CO2 on the Al-BDC MOF were determined to be 15.3, 11.5, and 32.2 kJmol−1 by IGC method, respectively. Moreover, the micropore diffusivities of N2, CH4 and CO2 in the Al-BDC MOF at 303 K were also estimated to be 1.58 × 10−7 cm2/s, 7.04 × 10−8 cm2/s, and 3.95 × 10−9 cm2/s, respectively. The results indicate that micropores play a crucial role in the adsorptive separation of the CH4/N2 and CH4/CO2 mixtures, and the IGC method is a validity manner to estimate the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of MOF adsorbents.
Phosphate-Catalyzed Decomposition of Nitrite to Nitrate during Freezing and Thawing of Solutions

A reaction leading to decomposition of nitrite ions to nitrate, catalyzed by phosphate, during freezing-thawing of solutions is reported. Factors such as solution pH, presence of calcium ions, substrate concentration, and temperature and duration of freezing affected the reaction rate. It is postulated that a sharp decrease in the system pH during the freezing process or frozen state, catalyzed by phosphate ions, led to the decomposition of nitrite ions. The results exemplify the potential of major artifacts in research caused by well-accepted laboratory practices such as freezing.
Can coupling with remote conduction bands cause a sufficient normal-incidence absorption in n-type direct-gap semiconductor quantum wells?

Surprisingly, several experiments have reported that normal- incidence light absorption due to inter-conduction-subband transitions in direct-gap semiconductor quantum wells is a s strong as in-plane-incidence absorption.In contrast to other models, a recent theoretical study claimed that a 14-band k.p model including multiband coupling terms due to remote- conduction bands is able to explain the experimental results. In the percent work, a concise formulation extends the model beyond 14 bands. Nevertheless, after re-deriving the optical transition matrix elements, this analysis clearly shows that the oscillator strength for the in-plane polarized optical intersubband transition due to the multiband coupling effects is much smaller than the oscillator strength for the normal-to-plane polarized optical intersubband transition. These results indicate that the multiband coupling effects due to remote-conduction bands cannot cause a sufficient in-plane polarized optical intersubband transition to produce the observed normal- incidence absorption in the desirable n-type III-V compound semiconductor quantum wells.
Bias reduction and inference for electronic health record data under selection and phenotype misclassification: three case studies

Electronic Health Records (EHR) are not designed for population-based research, but they provide access to longitudinal health information for many individuals. Many statistical methods have been proposed to account for selection bias, missing data, phenotyping errors, or other problems that arise in EHR data analysis. However, addressing multiple sources of bias simultaneously is challenging. Recently, we developed a methodological framework (R package, SAMBA) for jointly handling both selection bias and phenotype misclassification in the EHR setting that leverages external data sources. These methods assume factors related to selection and misclassification are fully observed, but these factors may be poorly understood and partially observed in practice. As a follow-up to the methodological work, we explore how these methods perform for three real-world case studies. In all three examples, we use individual patient-level data collected through the University of Michigan Health System and various external population-based data sources. In case study (a), we explore the impact of these methods on estimated associations between gender and cancer diagnosis. In case study (b), we compare corrected associations between previously identified genetic loci and age-related macular degeneration with gold standard external estimates. In case study (c), we evaluate these methods for modeling the association of COVID-19 outcomes and potential risk factors. These case studies illustrate how to utilize diverse auxiliary information to achieve less biased inference in EHR-based research.
Functional connectivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex predicts cocaine relapse

Background: Relapse is one of the most perplexing problems of addiction. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is crucially involved in numerous cognitive and affective processes that are implicated in phenotypes of addiction, and is one of the most frequently reported brain regions with aberrant functionality in substance use disorders. However, the DLPFC is an anatomically large and functionally heterogeneous region, and the specific DLPFC-based circuits that contribute to drug relapse remain unknown. Methods: We systematically investigated the relationship of cocaine relapse with 98 DLPFC functional circuits defined by evenly sampling the entire bilateral DLPFC in a cohort of cocaine dependent patients (n=43, 5F) following a psychosocial treatment intervention. A Cox regression model was utilized to predict relapse likelihood based on DLPFC functional connectivity strength. Results: Functional connectivity from 3 of the 98 DLPFC loci, one on the left and two on the right hemisphere, significantly predicted cocaine relapse with an accuracy of 83.9%, 84.7% and 85.4%, respectively. Combining all three significantly improved prediction validity to 87.5%. Protective and risk circuits related to these DLPFC loci were identified that are known to support 'bottom up' drive to use drug and 'top down' control over behavior together with social emotional, learning and memory processing. Conclusion: Three DLPFC-centric circuits were identified that predict relapse to cocaine use with high accuracy. These functionally distinct DLPFC-based circuits provide insights into the multiple roles played by the DLPFC in cognitive and affective functioning that affects treatment outcome. The identified DLPFC loci may serve as potential neuromodulation targets for addiction treatment and as clinically relevant biomarkers of its efficacy. Keywords: DLPFC, cocaine relapse, functional connectivity, prediction, treatment outcome
A demonstration of cone function plasticity after gene therapy in achromatopsia

Achromatopsia (ACHM) is an inherited retinal disease characterised by complete loss of cone photoreceptor function from birth. In recent years, gene therapies have successfully been used to induce signal processing in dormant cones in animal models of ACHM, with greater functional benefits for younger animals. With several completed or on-going clinical trials of gene therapy for ACHM, preliminary evidence suggests that effects on visual function in adults with ACHM may be subtle. Given the known constraints of age on neural plasticity, it is possible that gene therapy earlier in life will have a greater impact. Sensitive, child-friendly tests of cone function are therefore needed to facilitate the optimisation of these treatment strategies. Here, we present a new method that leverages a multimodal approach, linking psychophysical estimates of cone function to cone-mediated signals in visual cortex, measured using fMRI. In a case study of two children with ACHM undergoing gene therapy, we find individual differences in recovery of cone function over time, with one child demonstrating strong concurrent evidence of improved cone function, and retinotopically organised responses in visual cortex to cone-selective stimuli. Integrated fMRI and psychophysical measures may provide insight into the utility of new sight-rescuing therapies at different stages of human development.
Structural changes during thermal dehydration of ettringite

Changes in crystal structure of ettringite on dehydration in normal atmosphere have been re-examined by means of thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Synthetic ettringite crystals were heated at various temperatures up to 200°C for durations of up to 7 h. The ettringite structure maintains some long-range order until the coordination number of calcium changes to 5 by dehydration of twelve water molecules from channels and columns with heat treatment at 70°C. When the coordination number of calcium decreases to 5, the short-range order of the structure is disrupted and ettringite becomes X-ray-amorophous. Subsequently, the rest of the water molecules in the columns and bridging OH groups in calcium polyhedra are removed, essentially destroying the framework of the columns. This is accompanied by changes in the coordination number of aluminium from 6 to 4.
On the Nature of Nonframework Cations in a Zeolitic deNOx Catalyst: Cu-Mordenite

The locations of extra-framework Cu 2+ cations in hydrated copper ion-exchanged mordenite (formula Cu 1384 T 48 O 2 · 28H 2 O, space group Cmcm, a = 18.1659(4) A, b = 20.375(1) A, c = 7.495(1) A, V = 2774.4(4) A 3 , Z = 1, R = 5.13%) and its partially dehydrated analog (formula Cu 1.468 T 48 O 2 · 4.04H 2 O, space group Cmcm, a = 18.0546(7) A, b = 20.298(2) A, c = 7.4772(3) A, V = 2740.2(3) A 3 , Z = 1, R = 3.90%) have been determined from the analysis of room-temperature single-crystal X-ray data. Two copper sites were found in the hydrated sample: one in the elliptical 8-ring and the other in the center of the main 12-ring channel. Upon dehydration three copper sites were determined; one in the elliptical 8-ring, one above the 6-ring in the main channel and the last in the circular 8-ring that leads into the main channel. The low coordination, but high accessibility, of the latter two cation sites in the partially dehydrated sample provides a possible explanation for the high activity of mordenite and its related pentasil family members for nitrogen oxide decomposition.
Mathematical model for hydrodistillation of essential oils

Hydrodistillation of essential oils was studied using a model with broken and intact cells, in which the solute located in the cells with broken walls is rapidly extracted and the solute from intact cells diffuses slowly to the surface of botanical material. The essential oil is regarded as a pseudo-component. Model equations describe two types of particles: the leaves, where a part of the solute is deposited on the surface in fragile glandular trichomes, and the ground particles, with initially homogeneous solute distribution. Analytical solution of model equations contains two time constants, the larger one related to essential oil diffusion from the particle core. Using literature data, the model was applied to hydrodistillation of creeping thyme leaves and intact coriander seeds. The effective diffusivity of oil in coriander seed was evaluated as 1.7 × 10−11[sol ]m2[sol ]s. A further model development should respect the different volatilities of essential oil components, leading to changes in the distilled oil composition in the course of the process. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.