Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Displacement Effects on the Electrical Characteristics of a Single-Molecule Device

Background and Objectives: The displacement of molecules is one of the major fabrication faults in manufacturing molecular electronic devices. In this paper, we profoundly study the effect of displacement on the current-voltage, and conductance-voltage characteristics of the Au-Benzenedithiol-Au single-molecule device. Methods: The ab-initio calculations on the isolated molecules were performed to obtain the basic single-level quantum-dot model parameters. These parameters were then used within the self-consistent field algorithm to calculate the electrical characteristics of the device. Results: The maximum conductance occurs when the molecule is placed exactly in the midpoint of the distance between the two electrodes, where the electrostatic capacitance reaches its minimum. When the molecule deviates from this point, and approaches one electrode, the conductance is decreased, and asymmetric behavior emerges. A molecular rectifier can be manufactured by placing the molecule close to one electrode. Conclusion: Although modern software packages may employ advanced and complicated models including the combination of the density functional theory (DFT) and non- equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) method s to obtain accurate results, they are demanding in computer memory and time. Moreover, understanding the physical quantities of the systems from large-scale matrices is often difficult. The single-level model is a computationally light method, which provides a profound understanding of the device characteristics since all quantities are presented by numbers.
in the elongation of the cardiac outflow tract results in congenital heart disease

22 Failure 23 due to ventricular septum defects and misalignment of the great vessels. The cardiac 24 outflow tract lengthens by the accretion of progenitors derived from the second heart field 25 (SHF). SHF cells in the splanchnic mesoderm are exquisitely organized into an epithelial- 26 like layer forming the dorsal pericardial wall (DPW). Tissue tension within the DPW, cell 27 polarity, and proliferation, are requisite for the addition of SHF-derived cells to the heart 28 and outflow tract elongation. However, genes regulating these processes are not 29 completely understood. Using conditional mutagenesis in the mouse, we show that Fn1 30 synthesized by the SHF is a central regulator of the epithelial architecture in the DPW. 31 Fn1 expression is enriched in the anterior DPW and mediates outflow tract elongation by 32 regulating cell polarity, shape, cohesion, and mechanotransduction. Our studies establish 33 that Fn1 synthesized specifically by the mesoderm coordinates multiple cellular behaviors 34 in the anterior DPW requisite for the elongation of the cardiac outflow tract and embryonic 35 viability. this hypothesis, we Mesp1 Cre/+ knock-in ablate Fn1 conditionally in the anterior mesoderm. In Fn1 coordinates multiple cellular behaviors in the DPW necessary for growth by SHF cell accretion from the DPW. The absence of mesodermal Fn1 results in aberrant cellular architecture in the DPW, including defective apicobasal cell polarity, shape, orientation, and mechanotransduction, leading to shortened OFT and embryonic lethality.
Environmental motivation or economic motivation? Explaining individuals’ intention to carry reusable bags for shopping in China

To achieve satisfying effects of plastic ban policies, it is important to promote people’s intention to use green bags. Many studies have examined the antecedents of reducing plastic bag usage, but research regarding the influential factors of reusable bag usage is limited. Based on a survey of 532 respondents in China, a multiple linear regression model is constructed in this study to examine the determinants of individuals’ intention to carry reusable bags for shopping. Results show that plastic ban awareness, social responsibility, environmental motivation, and economic motivation significantly and positively affect consumers’ intention to use reusable bags for shopping. Of the two motivation factors, environmental motivation has a greater impact. More importantly, economic motivation positively moderates the relationship between environmental motivation and the intention to use reusable bags. This finding suggests a motivation “crowding-in” effect in predicting consumers’ intention to carry reusable bags for shopping. Results of this study also indicate that female, older, and richer people are more inclined to carry reusable bags for shopping. Implications for plastic crisis management are discussed.
Lipid metabolism characterization in gastric cancer identifies signatures to predict prognostic and therapeutic responses

Purpose: Increasing evidence has elucidated the significance of lipid metabolism in predicting therapeutic efficacy. Obviously, a systematic analysis of lipid metabolism characterizations of gastric cancer (GC) needs to be reported. Experimental design: Based on two proposed computational algorithms (TCGA-STAD and GSE84437), the lipid metabolism characterization of 367 GC patients and its systematic relationship with genomic characteristics, clinicopathologic features, and clinical outcomes of GC were analyzed in our study. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on the lipid metabolism cluster. At the same time, we applied single-factor Cox regression and random forest to screen signature genes to construct a prognostic model, namely, the lipid metabolism score (LMscore). Next, we deeply explored the predictive value of the LMscore for GC. To verify the specific changes in lipid metabolism, a total of 90 serum, 30 tumor, and non-tumor adjacent tissues from GC patients, were included for pseudotargeted metabolomics analysis via SCIEX triple quad 5500 LC-MS/MS system. Results: Five lipid metabolism signature genes were identified from a total of 3,104 DEGs. The LMscore could be a prognosticator for survival in different clinicopathological GC cohorts. As well, the LMscore was identified as a predictive biomarker for responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapeutic drugs. Additionally, significant changes in sphingolipid metabolism and sphingolipid molecules were discovered in cancer tissue from GC patients by pseudotargeted metabolomics. Conclusion: In conclusion, multivariate analysis revealed that the LMscore was an independent prognostic biomarker of patient survival and therapeutic responses in GC. Depicting a comprehensive landscape of the characteristics of lipid metabolism may help to provide insights into the pathogenesis of GC, interpret the responses of gastric tumors to therapies, and achieve a better outcome in the treatment of GC. In addition, significant alterations of sphingolipid metabolism and increased levels of sphingolipids, in particular, sphingosine (d16:1) and ceramide, were discovered in GC tissue by lipidome pseudotargeted metabolomics, and most of the sphingolipid molecules have the potential to be diagnostic biomarkers for GC.
Radio Galaxy Zoo: machine learning for radio source host galaxy cross-identification

We consider the problem of determining the host galaxies of radio sources by cross-identification. This has traditionally been done manually, which will be intractable for wide-area radio surveys like the Evolutionary Map of the Universe. Automated cross-identification will be critical for these future surveys, and machine learning may provide the tools to develop such methods. We apply a standard approach from computer vision to cross-identification, introducing one possible way of automating this problem, and explore the pros and cons of this approach. We apply our method to the 1.4 GHz Australian Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) observations of the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) and the ESO Large Area ISO Survey South 1 fields by cross-identifying them with the Spitzer Wide-area Infrared Extragalactic survey. We train our method with two sets of data: expert cross-identifications of CDFS from the initial ATLAS data release and crowdsourced cross-identifications of CDFS from Radio Galaxy Zoo. We found that a simple strategy of cross-identifying a radio component with the nearest galaxy performs comparably to our more complex methods, though our estimated best-case performance is near 100 per cent. ATLAS contains 87 complex radio sources that have been cross-identified by experts, so there are not enough complex examples to learn how to cross-identify them accurately. Much larger data sets are therefore required for training methods like ours. We also show that training our method on Radio Galaxy Zoo cross-identifications gives comparable results to training on expert cross-identifications, demonstrating the value of crowdsourced training data.
No evidence for an effect of selective spatial attention on the development of secondary hyperalgesia: A replication study

Central sensitization refers to the increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system after repeated or sustained peripheral nociceptor activation. It is hypothesized to play a key role in the development of chronic pain. A hallmark of central sensitization is an increased sensitivity to noxious mechanical stimuli extending beyond the injured location, known as secondary hyperalgesia. For its ability to modulate the transmission and the processing of nociceptive inputs, attention could constitute a promising target to prevent central sensitization and the development of chronic pain. It was recently shown that the experimental induction of central sensitization at both forearms of healthy volunteers using bilateral high-frequency electrocutaneous stimulation (HFS), can be modulated by encouraging participants to selectively focus their attention to one arm, to the detriment of the other arm, resulting in a greater secondary hyperalgesia on the attended arm as compared to the unattended one. Given the potential value of the question being addressed, we conducted a preregistered replication study in a well-powered independent sample to assess the robustness of the effect, i.e., the modulatory role of spatial attention on the induction of central sensitization. This hypothesis was tested using a double-blind, within-subject design. Sixty-seven healthy volunteers performed a task that required focusing attention toward one forearm to discriminate innocuous vibrotactile stimuli while HFS was applied on both forearms simultaneously. Our results showed a significant increase in mechanical sensitivity directly and 20 min after HFS. However, in contrast to the previous study, we did not find a significant difference in the development of secondary hyperalgesia between the attended vs. unattended arms. Our results question whether spatial selective attention affects the development of secondary hyperalgesia. Alternatively, the non-replication could be because the bottom-up capture of attention caused by the HFS-mediated sensation was too strong in comparison to the top-down modulation exerted by the attentional task. In other words, the task was not engaging enough and the HFS pulses, including those on the unattended arm, were too salient to allow a selective focus on one arm and modulate nociceptive processing.
Whole genome sequencing of the fast-swimming Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii)

The economically important Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) is a world-famous fast-swimming fish, but its genomic information is limited. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing and assembled a draft genome for Southern bluefin tuna, aiming to generate useful genetic data for comparative functional prediction. The final genome assembly is 806.54 Mb, with scaffold and contig N50 values of 3.31 Mb and 67.38 kb, respectively. Genome completeness was evaluated to be 95.8%. The assembled genome contained 23,403 protein-coding genes and 236.1 Mb of repeat sequences (accounting for 29.27% of the entire assembly). Comparative genomics analyses of this fast-swimming tuna revealed that it had more than twice as many hemoglobin genes (18) as other relatively slow-moving fishes (such as seahorse, sunfish, and tongue sole). These hemoglobin genes are mainly localized in two big clusters (termed as “MNˮ and “LAˮ respectively), which is consistent with other reported fishes. However, Thr39 of beta-hemoglobin in the MN cluster, conserved in other fishes, was mutated as cysteine in tunas including the Southern bluefin tuna. Since hemoglobins are reported to transport oxygen efficiently for aerobic respiration, our genomic data suggest that both high copy numbers of hemoglobin genes and an adjusted function of the beta-hemoglobin may support the fast-swimming activity of tunas. In summary, we produced a primary genome assembly and predicted hemoglobin-related roles for the fast-swimming Southern bluefin tuna.
Cobordism of Morse maps and its application to map germs

Abstract Let f: M → S1 be a Morse map of a closed manifold M into the circle, where a Morse map is a smooth map with only nondegenerate critical points. In this paper, we classify such maps up to fold cobordism. In the course of the classification, we get several fold cobordism invariants for such Morse maps. We also consider a slightly general situation where the source manifold M has boundary and the map f restricted to the boundary has no critical points. Let g: (Rm, 0) → (R2, 0), m ≥ 2, be a generic smooth map germ, where the target R2 is oriented. Using the above-mentioned fold cobordism invariants, we show that the number of cusps with a prescribed index appearing in a C∞ stable perturbation of g, counted with signs, gives a topological invariant of g.
SN 1998bw at Late Phases

We present observations of the peculiar supernova SN 1998bw, which was probably associated with GRB 980425. The photometric and spectroscopic evolution is monitored up to 500 days past explosion. We also present modeling based on spherically symmetric, massive progenitor models and very energetic explosions. The models allow line identification and clearly show the importance of mixing. From the late light curves, we estimate that ~0.3-0.9 M☉ of ejected 56Ni is required to power the supernova.
Exploring decision-making strategies in the Iowa gambling task and rat gambling task

Decision-making requires that individuals perceive the probabilities and risks associated with different options. Experimental human and animal laboratory testing provide complimentary insights on the psychobiological underpinnings of decision-making. The Iowa gambling task (IGT) is a widely used instrument that assesses decision-making under uncertainty and risk. In the task participants are faced with a choice conflict between cards with varying monetary reinforcer/loss contingencies. The rat gambling task (rGT) is a pre-clinical version using palatable reinforcers as wins and timeouts mimicking losses. However, interspecies studies elaborating on human and rat behavior in these tasks are lacking. This study explores decision-making strategies among young adults (N = 270) performing a computerized version of the IGT, and adult outbred male Lister Hooded rats (N = 72) performing the rGT. Both group and individual data were explored by normative scoring approaches and subgroup formations based on individual choices were investigated. Overall results showed that most humans and rats learned to favor the advantageous choices, but to a widely different extent. Human performance was characterized by both exploration and learning as the task progressed, while rats showed relatively consistent pronounced preferences for the advantageous choices throughout the task. Nevertheless, humans and rats showed similar variability in individual choice preferences during end performance. Procedural differences impacting on the performance in both tasks and their potential to study different aspects of decision-making are discussed. This is a first attempt to increase the understanding of similarities and differences regarding decision-making processes in the IGT and rGT from an explorative perspective.
Creatine Supplementation on Soccer Athletic 3 Performance : A Systematic Review and 4 Meta-Analysis 5

7 1 Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Physical Therapy, University of Valladolid, Soria, 8 Spain. Emails: juanfrancisco.mielgo@uva.es (JMA); a.cordova@bio.uva.es (ACM). 9 2Laboratory of Human Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, 10 University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain. Email: julio.calleja. gonzalez@gmail.com (JCG) 11 3Deportivo Alavés SAD. Academy Department. Paseo Cervantes s/n 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain). Email: 12 diegomarquesjimenez@gmail.com 13 4Department of Anatomy. Faculty of Physical Therapy, University of Valladolid. Campus de Soria, 14 42003-SORIA. (Spain). Email: albcab@ah.uva.es (ACG) 15 Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology. Faculty of Physical Therapy, University of 16 Valladolid. Campus de Soria, 42003-SORIA. (Spain). Email: diego.fernandez. lazaro@uva.es (DFL)
Bayesian reasoning with emotional material in patients with schizophrenia

Delusions are one of the most classical symptoms described in schizophrenia. However, despite delusions are often emotionally charged, they have been investigated using tasks involving non-affective material, such as the Beads task. In this study we compared 30 patients with schizophrenia experiencing delusions with 32 matched controls in their pattern of responses to two versions of the Beads task within a Bayesian framework. The two versions of the Beads task consisted of one emotional and one neutral, both with ratios of beads of 60:40 and 80:20, considered, respectively, as the “difficult” and “easy” variants of the task. Results indicate that patients showed a greater deviation from the normative model, especially in the 60:40 ratio, suggesting that more inaccurate probability estimations are more likely to occur under uncertainty conditions. Additionally, both patients and controls showed a greater deviation in the emotional version of the task, providing evidence of a reasoning bias modulated by the content of the stimuli. Finally, a positive correlation between patients’ deviation and delusional symptomatology was found. Impairments in the 60:40 ratio with emotional content was related to the amount of disruption in life caused by delusions. These results contribute to the understanding of how cognitive mechanisms interact with characteristics of the task (i.e., ambiguity and content) in the context of delusional thinking. These findings might be used to inform improved intervention programs in the domain of inferential reasoning.
Orexin/hypocretin system dysfunction in patients with Takotsubo syndrome: A novel pathophysiological explanation

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute heart failure syndrome. Emotional or physical stressors are believed to precipitate TTS, while the pathophysiological mechanism is not yet completely understood. During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, an increased incidence of TTS has been reported in some countries; however, the precise pathophysiological mechanism for developing TTS with acute COVID-19 infection is unknown. Nevertheless, observing the symptoms of COVID-19 might lead to new perspectives in understanding TTS pathophysiology, as some of the symptoms of the COVID-19 infection could be assessed in the context of an orexin/hypocretin-system dysfunction. Orexin/hypocretin is a cardiorespiratory neuromodulator that acts on two orexin receptors widely distributed in the brain and peripheral tissues. In COVID-19 patients, autoantibodies against one of these orexin receptors have been reported. Orexin-system dysfunction affects a variety of systems in an organism. Here, we review the influence of orexin-system dysfunction on the cardiovascular system to propose its connection with TTS. We propose that orexin-system dysfunction is a potential novel explanation for the pathophysiology of TTS due to direct or indirect dynamics of orexin signaling, which could influence cardiac contractility. This is in line with the conceptualization of TTS as a cardiovascular syndrome rather than merely a cardiac abnormality or cardiomyopathy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first publication to present a plausible connection between TTS and orexin-system dysfunction. We hope that this novel hypothesis will inspire comprehensive studies regarding orexin's role in TTS pathophysiology. Furthermore, confirmation of this plausible pathophysiological mechanism could contribute to the development of orexin-based therapeutics in the treatment and prevention of TTS.
The impact of agricultural machinery services on cultivated land productivity and its mechanisms: A case study of Handan city in the North China plain

Studying the impact of agricultural machinery services (AMS) on cultivated land productivity is conducive to scientifically improving agricultural production and has far-reaching significance for ensuring food security. Taking Handan City in the North China Plain as the research context and using a surveyed sample of 1918 farming households, this paper examines the effect of AMS on the productivity of cultivated land using OLS estimation and estimates the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. The research findings are as follows. 1) AMS has a significantly positive impact on cultivated land productivity, and a heterogeneity analysis finds that the effects are larger for farmers with relatively less cultivated land and the marginal effects decrease as the adoption of AMS increases. 2) In various planting activities, AMS adoption in basic activities (e.g., ploughing, seeding, and harvesting) has positive effects on cultivated land productivity, while AMS adoption in management activities (e.g., fertilizing, irrigation, and pesticide spraying), has no obvious effect on cultivated land productivity. 3) According to the results of ATT, the conversion of non-adopting farmers to adopting AMS would increase cultivated land productivity by 7.6%–12.1%. 4) A mechanism analysis reveals that AMS adoption relieves financial constraints, improves technical efficiency, and increases smallholders’ crop yields. These results suggest that AMS has a positive effect on cultivated land productivity and therefore have valuable policy implications for increasing smallholders’ access to various types of AMS to improve the productivity of cultivated land in regions dominated by smallholders.