Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uniform Partitioning of Data Grid for Association Detection

Inferring appropriate information from large datasets has become important. In particular, identifying relationships among variables in these datasets has far-reaching impacts. In this article, we introduce the uniform information coefficient (UIC), which measures the amount of dependence between two multidimensional variables and is able to detect both linear and non-linear associations. Our proposed UIC is inspired by the maximal information coefficient (MIC) [1]. ; however, the MIC was originally designed to measure dependence between two one-dimensional variables. Unlike the MIC calculation that depends on the type of association between two variables, we show that the UIC calculation is less computationally expensive and more robust to the type of association between two variables. The UIC achieves this by replacing the dynamic programming step in the MIC calculation with a simpler technique based on the uniform partitioning of the data grid. This computational efficiency comes at the cost of not maximizing the information coefficient as done by the MIC algorithm. We present theoretical guarantees for the performance of the UIC and a variety of experiments to demonstrate its quality in detecting associations.
Recommendations for Short Term Culturing of Viable Rod Shaped Rat

In vitro primary cultures of isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes are becoming an increasingly popular model to study heart muscle stressors. This model can easily be manipulated in a controlled environment and results obtained can provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of heart disease. Over the past years several improved methodologies have been described in the development of a robust technique to help maintain cardiomyocytes in culture. However, despite these advances, culturing of primary cardiomyocytes remains a challenge. In this study, we present a simple yet reproducible method for isolation and culture of viable rod shaped cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes were maintained in supplemented Media 199 with or without foetal bovine serum. Their viability was assessed using trypan blue while the metabolic activity was measured using an Adenosine 5’-triphosphate assay. Results obtained in this study were used to provide general guidelines to evade pitfalls related to low cardiomyocyte yields and subsequent poor culturability of cardiomyocytes. Isolated cardiomyocytes cultured in the presence of foetal bovine serum maintained their in vitro striated rod shaped morphology for 72 hours in culture, after which, they flattened and spread out. Whereas, cardiomyocytes cultured in the absence of foetal bovine serum remained rod shaped for up to 120 hours.
Phosphorus Inputs to Lake Simcoe from 1990 to 2003: Declines in Tributary Loads and Observations on Lake Water Quality

ABSTRACT Total phosphorus (TP) inputs to Lake Simcoe have led to hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion and loss of cold water fish habitat. Since 1990, efforts have been made to reduce the total TP input to the lake below a defined target of 75 t/year, which was predicted to lead to reductions in spring TP concentration and improvements in end-of-summer hypolimnetic DO concentrations. The total TP load to the lake during the most recent period of record (1998/99–2003/04) ranged from 53 to 76 t/yr and averaged 67 t/yr, compared to an average of 114 t/yr estimated between 1990/91 and 1997/98 (range 85–157 t/yr). Reductions in TP loads from the catchment via tributary discharge (~26 t) accounted for the majority of the decrease in total load between the two time periods. Total P concentrations decreased significantly in four out of six long-term monitored tributaries; however, concentrations in all six tributaries remain above the level recommended to avoid nuisance plant growth (30 μg/L). Although TP loads to the lake are currently below the target 75 t/yr, excessive growths of filamentous algae and macrophytes continue to be a problem in the nearshore zone. End-of-summer minimum hypolimnetic DO concentrations (average 4.3 mg/L, 1998/99–2003/04) remain substantially below the level (7 mg/L) that is considered protective of lake trout. Efforts to reduce TP loads to the lake therefore need to continue.
Gross Anatomical Studies on the Os-coxae and Synsacrum of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

The present study was conducted on pelvic girdle and synsacrum of Japanese quail. The pelvic girdle was extremely thin and delicate. Average length of ilium was 3.70 ±0.13 cm in which pre-acetabular and postacetabular parts were measured 2.20±0.11 cm and 1.5±0.06 cm, respectively. The dorsal surface of pre-acetabular part was deeply concave and post-acetabular part was convex. The ischium was irregularly triangular in shape. The pubis was a thin rod-like bone measured 2.5±0.12 cm followed the ventral border of the ischium and projected beyond caudally. The middle portion of pubis was fused with the ventral border of ischium, which divided the incisura puboischiadica into an anterior foramen obturatum and a caudal slit. Lumbosacral mass was consisted of 10 vertebrae. Synsacrum was composed of 12 vertebrae including last thoracic vertebra, lumbo-sacral mass and first coccygeal vertebra.
Factors That Influence Purchasing Decisions at the Hotel

1 PGRI Semarang University, Jalan Sidodadi Timur Nomor 24 Dr. Cipto, Karangtempel, Semarang Timur, Karangtempel, Semarang Tim. , Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50232, Indonesia 2 STIEPARI Semarang, Jl. Lamongan Tengah No.2, Bendan Ngisor, Gajahmungkur, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50233, Indonesia 3 Ngudi Waluyo University, Jl. Diponegoro No.186, Gedang Ana, Ungaran Timur, Mijen, Gedanganak, Ungaran Tim. , Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50512, Indonesia
FLF Alm.del-endeligt svar på spørgsmål 76 : Bilag 1-Group Housing of Mink [DOK692862].PDF

Baggrunden herfor er, at Regeringen i efteråret 2012 indgik en aftale om veterinærområdet (Veterinærforlig II). Af veterinærforligets aftaletekst fremgår følgende: ”I forligsperioden vil fødevareministeren udarbejde en analyse, i dialog med relevante parter, hvor faglige, juridiske og økonomiske forhold i relation til gruppeindhusning afdækkes. Analysen vil blive forelagt forligspartierne, med henblik på evt. indgåelse af en tillægsaftale”. Til dette formål har FVST nedsat en arbejdsgruppe, der består af repræsentanter fra Fødevareministeriet og Finansministeriet. Det fremgår af arbejdsgruppens kommissorium, at analysen bl.a. skal afdække effekten ved et forbud.
Response of selected sesame varieties to different weed management practices

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University during February to May 2019 to study the effect of weed management practices on the yield of different sesame varieties. The experiment comprised two factors; factor A: sesame varieties viz. Binatil-2, BARI Til-3 and BARI Til-4; factor B: weed management practices viz. no weeding, one hand weeding at 15 days after sowing (DAS), two hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS, three hand weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, and post-emergence herbicide application at 10 days after emergence (DAE). Weed parameters and most of the yield contributing characters and yield were significantly influenced by sesame varieties and weed management practices. Among the varieties, the highest seed yield (1.01 t ha−1) was recorded in BARI Til-4, whereas for weed management practice, the highest seed yield (1.26 t ha−1) was obtained in three hand weeding. The highest seed yield (1.54 t ha−1) was found in BARI Til-4 with three hand weeding which was statistically similar to two hand weeding with the same variety (1.48 t ha−1). Therefore, BARI Til-4 with two hand weeding at 15, and 30 DAS might be taken in consideration for obtaining higher seed yield in sesame.
Diversity and genetic structure of cassava landraces and their wild relatives (Manihot spp.) in Colombia revealed by simple sequence repeats

Understanding the genetic composition and population structure of plant species at a molecular level is essential for the development of adequate strategies aimed at enhancing the conservation and use of their genetic resources. In addition, such knowledge can help to plan ahead for a scenario under which wild and cultivated species come into contact with their genetically modified (GM) counterpart(s). Using ten simple sequence repeat markers, we genotyped 409 samples pertaining to the species in the Manihot genus known to occur in Colombia, i.e. cassava (Manihot esculenta) and its wild relatives Manihot brachyloba, Manihot carthaginensis and Manihot tristis. High genetic variation was observed in all the species (H E= 0.212–0.603), with cassava showing highest diversity. Most of the genetic variation was found within species populations. Our results suggest that outcrossing events among populations occur much more frequently in M. tristis and M. esculenta, and particularly so in the latter, where the exchange of varieties among local farmers plays a key role in maintaining and introducing new genetic diversity. The occurrence of gene flow within and among populations of Manihot species in Colombia becomes relevant in a biosafety context, where gene flow from GM cassava, if introduced to the country, might have detrimental effects on the structure and dynamics of populations of wild species. The baseline information on the genetic diversity and structure of the four Colombian species that we have presented here provides a first and indispensable step towards the development of targeted interventions necessary to preserve their genetic resources.
Numerical study of wave-induced soil response in a sloping

5 In this study, a mathematical integrated model is developed to investigate the wave-induced sloping seabed response in the vicinity of breakwater. In the present model, the wave model is based on the Volume-Averaged/Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (VARANS) equations, while Biot’s consolidation equation is used to govern the soil model. The influence of turbulence fluctuations on the mean flow with respect to the complicated interaction between wave, sloping seabed and breakwater are obtained by solving the Volumed-Averaged k − model. Unlike previous investigations, the phase-resolved absolute shear stress is used as the source of accumulation of residual pore pressure, which can link the oscillatory and residual mechanisms simultaneously. Based on the proposed model, parametric studies regarding the effects of wave and soil characteristics as well as bed slopes on the wave-induced soil response in the vicinity of breakwater are investigated. Numerical results indicate that wave-induced seabed instability is more likely to occur in a steep slope in the case of soil with low relative density and low permeability under large wave loadings. It is also found that, the permeability of breakwater significantly affect the potential for liquefaction, especially in the region below the breakwater.
SATURATED SETS OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS WITH NON-UNIFORM SPECIFICATION

In this article we obtain a variational principle for saturated sets for dynamical systems with some non-uniform specification properties. More precisely, under some mild specification properties the topological entropy of saturated sets coincides with the smallest measure theoretical entropy among the invariant measures in the accumulation set. Using this fact we provide lower bounds for the topological pressure of the irregular set and the level sets in the multifractal analysis of Birkhoff averages for continuous observables. We also prove that many non-uniformly expanding dynamical systems satisfy some non-uniform specification property on sets that contain the union of ergodic basins of attraction of several ergodic measures. Our results apply for C1-open classes of non-uniformly expanding local diffeomorphisms [2] and for Viana maps [23].
A new explanation for egg production heterosis in grosses between white leghorns and australorps

1. Present population genetics theory treats heterosis as the reversal of inbreeding depression. This theory is not generally applicable to heterosis occurring in crosses between different breeds or between unrelated strains of the same breed. 2. Heterosis occurring in such crosses is explained in terms of different complementary epistatic gene pathways homozygous in the parental breeds. 3. In the absence of linkage, these epistatic gene pathways segregate in the second and subsequent cross‐bred generations leading to the loss of the heterosis observed in the first cross‐bred generation.
The effect of mechanical treatment of silage on intake and production of sheep

Over a period of 3 years, silages subjected to various mechanical treatments by the use of conventional silage harvesters were offered ad libitum to pregnant ewes and to castrated male lambs and the effects on intake and productivity were measured. The intake of silage made from grass harvested with a precision-chop harvester was substantially greater than the intake of silage made with other types of harvester (especially, a flail harvester), causing a lower degree of comminution. Mean daily silage dry-matter intake of ewes was 0·99 kg and 1·28 kg in mid-pregnancy, and 0·85 kg and 1·10 kg in late pregnancy with flail-harvested and precision-chop silages respectively. Silage was supplemented with various levels of concentrate in late pregnancy and an increasing level of concentrates did not reduce silage intake. In early lactation, when 800 g concentrate was given daily, ewes consumed 1·00 kg flail-harvested silage and 1·39 kg precision-chop silage. Compared with flail-harvested silage, precision-chop silage increased ewe body weight immediately post lambing by 5·1 kg, lamb birth weight by 0·27 kg and lamb growth rate by 58 g/day. Increases in intake of precision-chop silages by hoggets were on average greater, though more variable, than by ewes and were reflected in increased carcass weight. The reason for the increased intake of the finely-chopped silage was examined. It would appear that the major factor is the physical size of particle involved though there was some evidence that improved fermentation resulting from finer chopping may have been partly responsible for increased intake.
Corporate Governance and Audit Fees of Listed Pharmaceutical Firms in Nigeria

This study aimed at ascertaining those corporate governance variables that determine the audit fees of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria for a 6-year period from 2012 to 2017. The study adopts ex-post facto and Panel research design and secondary data are obtained from the annual audited accounts of the sample of seven (7) out of the population of eleven (11) listed pharmaceutical firms based on a purposive sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression techniques are used to analyse the effect of corporate governance attributes on the audit fees paid by the sampled firms. The study found that board diligence has positive significant effect on audit fees, while board size and board independence have a negative insignificant effect on audit fees. Thus, the study concludes that the directors of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria should always consider their degree of diligence in determining the amount of audit fees since the extent of their thoroughness in addressing reporting issues would play a role in how much external auditors would accept as their fees. Consequently, the study recommends that listed pharmaceutical firms should ensure efficient management of their total asset, maintain an average number of meetings annually, and maintain an audit tenure in line with statutory requirements to curtail excess fees.
CHROMOSOME STUDIES OF SEVEN SPECIES OF OLIGORYZOMYS (RODENTIA: SIGMODONTINAE) FROM BRAZIL

Abstract Karyotypes of 7 taxa of the rodent genus Oligoryzomys trapped in 33 localities from an area ranging from 01°N to 32°S in Brazil were analyzed. Three species were trapped exclusively in the Cerrado biome: O. stramineus, diploid number (2n) = 52, fundamental number (herein, number of autosomal arms; FN) = 68; O. eliurus, 2n = 62, with 2 fundamental numbers, FN = 64 and 66; and Oligoryzomys sp. , 2n = 70, FN = 74. In the Amazon, we caught O. cf. messorius, 2n = 56, FN = 58, and O. microtis, 2n = 66, FN = 74. Oligoryzomys nigripes (2n = 61, 62, FN = 80–82) was trapped in 24 localities in various biomes, and O. flavescens from several sites in southern Brazil presented the same karyotypes as those already described at other sites. The C- and NOR-banding were performed for all species, and the (T2AG3)n telomeric probe hybridized in situ to both the short and long arms of all pairs of karyotypes of O. cf. messorius, O. eliurus, and Oligoryzomys sp. An analysis performed with 11 microsatellite DNA heterologous primers improved differentiation of O. nigripes from O. eliurus individuals, 2 species that presented 2n = 62 and that were trapped at the same site.
DISPERSAL LIMITATIONS OF EPIPHYTIC LICHENS RESULT IN SPECIES DEPENDENT ON OLD‐GROWTH FORESTS

Epiphytic lichen biomass accumulates slowly in forest canopies. We eval- uated three alternative hypotheses for the slow accumulation of epiphytic lichens, using two experiments in tree crowns from 15 Douglas-fir forest stands representing three age classes: old growth, young, and recent clearcuts. The first experiment evaluated whether forest age, bark roughness, or dispersal rate limits the establishment of the dominant old- growth-associated lichen, Lobaria oregana. Surface-sterilized branches with either rough or smooth bark were repeatedly inoculated with propagules and compared 1 yr after the last inoculation. Dispersal affected rates of establishment: inoculated branches had 27X more newly established thalli than controls. Establishment on smooth bark was highest in clearcuts, intermediate in young forests, and lowest in old growth. There was as much or more establishment of sown propagules on smooth-barked branches as on rough-barked branches in all age classes. In the second, transplant-performance experiment, Lobaria oregana grew as rapidly in young forests as in old growth but lost biomass and suffered more injuries in clearcuts. In contrast, L. pulmonaria performed at least as well in clearcuts as in young forests and old growth. Poor dispersal and establishment limit the development of L. oregana populations in Douglas-fir forests. Particular substrates and microenviron- ments found only in old growth are not essential for Lobaria establishment and growth. Maximizing the number and dispersion of remnant trees in cutting units should maximize the rate of accumulation of L. oregana biomass in the regenerating forest. The single most important action promoting the accumulation of old-growth-associated epiphytes will be the retention of propagule sources in and near all cutting units.
Potential basis of glyphosate resistance in California rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

Abstract Glyphosate-resistant rigid ryegrass has been identified in California, but research has yet to elucidate the resistance mechanism. The objectives of this study were to examine the differences between sensitive and resistant rigid ryegrass in absorption and distribution of glyphosate, in vivo and in vitro absorption by chloroplasts, and shikimic acid accumulation after glyphosate treatment. Foliar absorption and distribution of 14C-glyphosate did not differ 1 to 3 d after treatment (DAT) between the susceptible (S) and resistant (R) biotypes. Absorption of 14C-glyphosate by isolated chloroplasts also did not differ between the S and R biotypes. After foliar application of 14C-glyphosate, chloroplasts were isolated from treated leaves from both biotypes. Accumulation of 14C-glyphosate in the chloroplasts did not differ between the two biotypes. Shikimic acid level increased significantly in the S biotype after treatment with glyphosate at 2.24 kg ai ha−1 to levels 10-fold greater than in the R biotype 11 DAT. Shikimic acid in the germination media at 2 to 5 mM did not affect seed germination of S and R biotypes but drastically decreased the length of coleoptiles of both at 5 DAT. Thus, biotype differences in sensitivity or metabolism of shikimic acid do not explain differences in sensitivity to glyphosate. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; rigid ryegrass, Lolium rigidum Gaud. LOLRI.
Value Added Tax and Economic Development in Nigeria

The study examines the impact of Value Added Tax on economic development in Nigeria for the period 1994 to 2018. The study employed a longitudinal research design. The data used in the study were generated from the office of the Federal Inland Revenue Service, and United Nation Data bank and the data generated were analysed using the Auto-Regressive Distribution (ARDL) regression estimation technique. The result from the finding unveils that VAT has a positive and significant impact on economic development in Nigeria. The study recommended that Government should ensure that the revenue that is generated from VAT is expended on projects that will impact on the citizens of the country and Regularly tax audit should be carried out on registered VAT collectors to ensure that the tax collected is remitted to the appropriate authority.
Screening of non-tuber bearing Solanaceae for resistance to and induction of juvenile hatch of potato cyst nematodes and their potential for trap cropping

Summary Ninety accessions of non-tuber bearing Solanaceae were screened for (i) resistance to and (ii) stimulatory effect on juvenile hatch of potato cyst nematodes, and (iii) their growth under temperate climatic conditions. All plant species belonging to the genus Solanum tested induced hatching but this effect was most pronounced for plant species of the Solanum nigrum complex. Hatching of juveniles was hardly or not stimulated by other plant genera of the Solanaceae. Solanum sisymbriifolium combined a high hatching effect with complete resistance to both Globodera rosiochiensis and G pallida. Two S. nigrum varieties showed full resistance to G rostochiensis and a high level of resistance to G pallida. Moreover, S. sisymbriifolium and the two varieties of S. nigrum performed very well under Dutch field conditions and, therefore, they are suggested as candidate trap crops for the control of potato cyst nematodes.
The Fair Share Price That Has the Largest Market Capitalization Empirical Studies of Sectors Related to Indonesian National Logistics System Policy

DOI: 10.21276/sjbms.2018. 3.12. 1 Abstract: The emitem companies are competing in improving their performance through an offering of stock price progress. Market stock price is the price that occurs in the market at a certain moment determined by market participants. Declining stock price condition indicates the company's position. The decline in investor interest in investment is reflected in the decline in stock prices. This applies also to related companies as well as to national logistics system policies. The objective of this study was to determine the purchase decision, sales decision, and stockholding decision by using an analytical method dividend discounted Model (DDM), price earnings ratio (PER), and price book value (PBV) on companies listed on the national logistics system. Based on the DDM approach, it is known that the average fair stock price is cheaper than the stock market price. This is because the rate of return that is estimated (k) is smaller than the dividend growth (g). If the company gives dividends continues to rise but the stock market price indicates a stable value, then this is not good for the company because it will make the fair value of shares with the method of deviden discounted model get negative results. Based on the PER approach, it is known that the average fair price of shares is more expensive than the stock market price. This is because the measuring instrument above calculates PER by comparing earnings per share. After that the results are multiplied by the expected EPS. Based on PBV approach Average stock fair price > 1, so that the valuation of fair price of shares is worth overvalued. This is because the measuring instrument for calculating the fair value of the stock using the price book value method takes the value of the total equity.