Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Firm Dynamics, Job Turnover, and Wage Distributions in an Open Economy

As Latin American countries have become more open, their job turnover rates have risen, their informal sectors have become larger, and their wage distributions have become less equal. We develop a dynamic general equilibrium trade model that explains these phenomena. The model combines standard search frictions in labor markets with heterogeneous rms that experience ongoing productivity shocks. Each period, rms decide whether to exit or continue producing. Those rms that remain active choose their export volumes and adjust their employment levels through vacancy postings or lay-o¤s. Openness matters in our model because it makes pro ts more sensitive to productivty shocks, as Rodrik (1997) argued. Thus when trade barriers are low, rms drawing negative shocks shed labor relatively rapidly (and perhaps exit), while rms drawing positive shocks acquire new workers relatively rapidly. Further, since openness decreases the rents of the former and increases the rents of the latter, it spreads the wage distribution. After tting this model to Colombian micro data on establishments and households, we isolate the e¤ects of trade frictions on labor market outcomes using counter-factual simulations. Preliminary results suggest that the mechanisms highlighted by our model can be important.
Ruggedness: The Blessing of Bad Geography in Africa

Abstract We show that geography, through its impact on history, can have important effects on economic development today. The analysis focuses on the historic interaction between ruggedness and Africa's slave trades. Although rugged terrain hinders trade and most productive activities, negatively affecting income globally, rugged terrain within Africa afforded protection to those being raided during the slave trades. Since the slave trades retarded subsequent economic development, ruggedness within Africa has also had a historic indirect positive effect on income. Studying all countries worldwide, we estimate the differential effect of ruggedness on income for Africa. We show that the differential effect of ruggedness is statistically significant and economically meaningful, it is found in Africa only, it cannot be explained by other factors like Africa's unique geographic environment, and it is fully accounted for by the history of the slave trades.
A Quantitative Theory of the Gender Gap in Wages

Using panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we document that gender differences in wages almost double during the first 20 years of labor market experience and that there are substantial gender differences in employment and hours of work during the life cycle. A large portion of gender differences in labor market attachment can be traced to the impact of children on the labor supply of women. We develop a quantitative life-cycle model of fertility, labor supply, and human capital accumulation decisions. We use this model to assess the role of fertility on gender differences in labor supply and wages over the life cycle. In our model, fertility lowers the lifetime intensity of market activity, reducing the incentives for human capital accumulation and wage growth over the life cycle of females relative to males. We calibrate the model to panel data of men and to fertility and child related labor market histories of women. We find that fertility accounts for most of the gender differences in labor supply and wages during the life cycle documented in the NLSY data.
How important is human capital? A quantitative theory assessment of world income inequality

We develop a quantitative theory of human capital investment in order to evaluate the magnitude of cross-country differences in total factor productivity (TFP) that explains the variation in per-capita incomes across countries. We build a heterogeneous-agent economy with cross-sectional variation in ability, schooling, and expenditures on schooling quality. In our theory, the parameters governing human capital production and random ability process have important implications for a set of cross-sectional statistics - Mincer return, variance of earnings, variance of schooling, and intergenerational correlation of earnings. These restrictions of the theory and U.S. household data are used to pin down the key parameters driving the quantitative implications of the theory. Our main finding is that human capital accumulation strongly amplifies TFP differences across countries. In particular, we find an elasticity of output per worker with respect to TFP of 2.8: a 3-fold difference in TFP explains a 20-fold difference in output per worker. We argue that the cross-country differences in human capital implied by the theory are consistent with a wide array of evidence including earnings of immigrants in the United States, average mincer returns across countries, and the relationship between average years of schooling and per-capita income across countries. The theory implies that using Mincer returns to measure human capital understates differences across countries by a factor of 2.
On the path homology theory of digraphs and Eilenberg–Steenrod axioms

In the paper we continue the investigation of the path homology theory of digraphs that was constructed in our previous papers. We prove basic theorems that are similar to the theorems of classical algebraic topology and introduce several natural constructions of digraphs which are very helpful to investigate the path homology theory. We describe relation of our results to the Eilenberg-Steenrod axiomatic of homology theory.
CLASS-PT: non-linear perturbation theory extension of the Boltzmann code CLASS

We present a new open-source code that calculates one-loop power spectra and cross spectra for matter fields and biased tracers in real and redshift space. These spectra incorporate all ingredients required for a direct application to data: non-linear bias and redshift-space distortions, infra-red resummation, counterterms, and the Alcock-Paczynski effect. Our code is based on the Boltzmann solver CLASS and inherits its advantageous properties: user friendliness, ease of modification, high speed, and simple interface with other software. We present detailed descriptions of the theoretical model, the code structure, approximations, and accuracy tests. A typical end-to-end run for one cosmology takes 0.3 seconds, which is sufficient for Markov Chain Monte Carlo parameter extraction. As an example, we apply the code to the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) data and infer cosmological parameters from the shape of the galaxy power spectrum.
Articulatory Kinematics During Stop Closure in Speakers with Parkinson�s Disease

Numerous studies have identified the perceptual characteristics of speakers with Parkinson’s disease (PD), imprecise consonants (e.g., Darley, Aronson, and Brown, 1969). Acoustic studies have supported these findings with the observations such as spirantization, or the incomplete closure and fricative-like production of aperiodic noise during the closuresilent interval of stop consonants (Weismer, Yunusova, and Bunton, 2012). The current presentation explores the articulatory kinematics in speakers with PD during the closure interval duration of stop consonants with respect to distance, displacement, and timing of inter-articulators motion. In addition, the changes in articulatory movements during this brief time interval are examined as the speakers voluntarily vary the degree of speech intelligibility. Participants with PD and neurologically healthy controls were asked to read sentences containing stop consonants (e.g.,“ Buy Bobby a puppy”). Movement data were collected using the WAVE (NDI, Canada). The.
Rotational Alignment Altered by Source Position Correlations

In the construction of modern Celestial Reference Frames (CRFs) the overall rotational alignment is only weakly constrained by the data. Therefore, common practice has been to apply a 3-dimensional No-Net-Rotation (NNR) constraint in order to align an under-construction frame to the ICRF. We present evidence that correlations amongst source position parameters must be accounted for in order to properly align a CRF at the 5-10 (mu)as level of uncertainty found in current work. Failure to do so creates errors at the 10-40 (mu)as level.
Do biotic interactions modulate ecosystem functioning along stress gradients ? Insights from semi-arid plant and biological soil crust communities

References http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/365/1549/2057.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 88 articles, 6 of which can be accessed free Rapid response http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing. org/letters/submit/royptb;365/1549/2057 Respond to this article Subject collections (361 articles) environmental science  (1595 articles) ecology  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections
Telluric Field Variations as Drivers of Variations in Cathodic Protection Potential on a Natural Gas Pipeline in New Zealand

A study of variations in cathodic protection potential on a natural gas pipeline in the North Island of New Zealand is reported. Both the measured pipe‐to‐soil potential (PSP) and the current measured through an installed defect in the pipeline coating show strong correlations with variations in measured magnetic and telluric fields. Contrary to predictions from distributed‐source transmission line theory, analysis shows that the closest correlations of PSP and current are with the component of telluric field perpendicular to the pipeline. This orientation is close to perpendicular to major electrical conductivity contrasts associated with both the local coastline and with on‐shore Earth conductivity structure. It is therefore inferred the variations in PSP which drive the variations in defect current are the result of changes in the local Earth potential. While reporting on specific observations from New Zealand, these results should be applicable across a wide range of middle and high‐latitude global locations. Estimates of possible corrosion rates for the pipeline in question suggest that such enhancement of telluric field variations by conductivity structure may pose significant risk to pipelines in the event of defects in the pipeline coating.
A Finite-Volume Approach to 1D Nonlinear Elastic Waves: Application to Slow Dynamics

A numerical method for longitudinal wave propagation in nonlinear elastic solids is presented. Here, we consider polynomial stress-strain relationships, which are widely used in nondestructive evaluation. The large-strain and infinitesimal-strain constitutive laws deduced from Murnaghan's law are detailed , and polynomial expressions are obtained. The Lagrangian equations of motion yield a hyperbolic system of conservation laws. The latter is solved numerically using a finite-volume method with flux limiters based on Roe linearization. The method is tested on the Riemann problem, which yields nonsmooth solutions. The method is then applied to a continuum model with one scalar internal variable, accounting for the softening of the material (slow dynamics).
On δ-semiperfect modules

ABSTRACT A submodule N of a module M is δ-small in M if N+X≠M for any proper submodule X of M with M∕X singular. A projective δ-cover of a module M is a projective module P with an epimorphism to M whose kernel is δ-small in P. A module M is called δ-semiperfect if every factor module of M has a projective δ-cover. In this paper, we prove various properties, including a structure theorem and several characterizations, for δ-semiperfect modules. Our proofs can be adapted to generalize several results of Mares [8] and Nicholson [11] from projective semiperfect modules to arbitrary semiperfect modules.
On the sample complexity of reinforcement learning.

This thesis is a detailed investigation into the following question: how much data must an agent collect in order to perform “reinforcement learning” successfully? This question is analogous to the classical issue of the sample complexity in supervised learning, but is harder because of the increased realism of the reinforcement learning setting. This thesis summarizes recent sample complexity results in the reinforcement learning literature and builds on these results to provide novel algorithms with strong performance guarantees. We focus on a variety of reasonable performance criteria and sampling models by which agents may access the environment. For instance, in a policy search setting, we consider the problem of how much simulated experience is required to reliably choose a “good” policy among a restricted class of policies II (as in Kearns, Mansour, and Ng [2000]). In a more online setting, we consider the case in which an agent is placed in an environment and must follow one unbroken chain of experience with no access to “offline” simulation (as in Kearns and Singh [1998]). We build on the sample based algorithms suggested by Kearns, Mansour, and Ng [2000]. Their sample complexity bounds have no dependence on the size of the state space, an exponential dependence on the planning horizon time, and linear dependence on the com­ plexity of n. We suggest novel algorithms with more restricted guarantees whose sample complexities are again independent of the size of the state space and depend linearly on the complexity of the policy class II, but have only a polynomial dependence on the horizon time. We pay particular attention to the tradeoffs made by such algorithms.
Modes of collaboration in modern science: Beyond power laws and preferential attachment

The goal of the study is to determine the underlying processes leading to the observed collaborator distribution in modern scientific fields, with special attention to non-power law behavior. Nanoscience is used as a case study of a modern interdisciplinary field, and its coauthorship network for 2000-04 period is constructed from NanoBank database. We find three collaboration modes that correspond to three distinct ranges in the distribution of collaborators: (1) for authors with fewer than 20 collaborators (the majority) preferential attachment does not hold and they form a log-normal "hook" instead of a power law, (2) authors with more than 20 collaborators benefit from preferential attachment and form a power law tail, and (3) authors with between 250 and 800 collaborators are more frequent than expected because of the hyperauthorship practices in certain subfields.
Accelerated particle beams in a 3D simulation of the quiet Sun

Context. Observational and theoretical evidence suggest that beams of accelerated particles are produced in flaring events of all sizes in the solar atmosphere, from X-class flares to nanoflares. Current models of these types of particles in flaring loops assume an isolated 1D atmosphere. Aims. A more realistic environment for modelling accelerated particles can be provided by 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamics codes. Here, we present a simple model for particle acceleration and propagation in the context of a 3D simulation of the quiet solar atmosphere, spanning from the convection zone to the corona. We then examine the additional transport of energy introduced by the particle beams. Methods. The locations of particle acceleration associated with magnetic reconnection were identified by detecting changes in magnetic topology. At each location, the parameters of the accelerated particle distribution were estimated from local conditions. The particle distributions were then propagated along the magnetic field, and the energy deposition due to Coulomb collisions with the ambient plasma was computed. Results. We find that particle beams originate in extended acceleration regions that are distributed across the corona. Upon reaching the transition region, they converge and produce strands of intense heating that penetrate the chromosphere. Within these strands, beam heating consistently dominates conductive heating below the bottom of the transition region. This indicates that particle beams qualitatively alter the energy transport even outside of active regions.
Galactic chemical evolution and GRB host identification

Abstract We describe a method to identify GRB host galaxies by means of their chemical abundances. We apply this method to three GRB hosts by comparing detailed chemical evolution models, including dust, of galaxies of different morphological type to observed abundance ratios. We conclude that none of them is likely to be a dwarf irregular galaxy, as it is believed for the majority of GRB hosts, but rather two of them (GRB081008 and GRB120327A) are likely to be spirals and the third is likely to be an elliptical (GRB120815). In addition, we have derived their chemical ages: in particular, the elliptical host is only 15 Myr old, while the other two hosts are 50 Myr (GRB120327A) and 320 Myr (GRB130815).
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Caudal Epididymal Sperm Characteristics and Testicular Morphometrics of Rabbits Fed Graded Levels of a Blood-Wild Sunflower Leaf Meal ( BWSLM ) Mixture Diet

The effects of feeding graded levels of blood-wild sunflower leaf meal (BWSLM) mixture on rabbit caudal epididymal sperm characteristics and testicular morphometrics were investigated. The BWSLM mixture was included in the feed at 0, 5, 10 and 15% levels in diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The motile-spermatozoa for diet 3, which was 77%, was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to other diets, while the non-motile spermatozoa for diet 3 which was 6% was the least among the diets. The progressive motility of spermatozoa for diet 4 (56%) was higher (P<0.05) than other diets, while the spermatozoa with deformed tail for diet 4 (6%) was the least. The sperm concentration for diet 3 was 154 x 106/mm3 and significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to other diets. Testicular morphometrics showed that diet 3 had a significantly (P<0.05) higher value of paired testes weight (2.46g), relative weight of testes (0.28), mean testicular length (4.40cm) and mean testicular width (1.10cm) than other diets. The results showed that inclusion of BWSLM mixture supported optimum caudal epididymal sperm characteristics and showed testicular morphometrics (growth) in rabbits at a 10% level of incorporation and is tolerated without adverse effects up to 15% levels.
Bioinformatics Applications Note Data and Text Mining the Gnat Library for Local and Remote Gene Mention Normalization

Identifying mentions of named entities, such as genes or diseases, and normalizing them to database identifiers have become an important step in many text and data mining pipelines. Despite this need, very few entity normalization systems are publicly available as source code or web services for biomedical text mining. Here we present the GNAT Java library for text retrieval, named entity recognition, and normalization of gene and protein mentions in biomedical text. The library can be used as a component to be integrated with other text-mining systems, as a framework to add user-specific extensions, and as an efficient stand-alone application for the identification of gene and protein names for data analysis. On the BioCreative III test data, the current version of GNAT achieves a Tap-20 score of 0.1987. Availability: The library and web services are implemented in Java and the sources are available from http://gnat.sourceforge. net.
Link to Leeds Beckett Repository record:

Recent years have witnessed significant interest from both the scientific community and the media regarding the influence of exercise on subsequent appetite and energy intake responses. This review demonstrates a consensus among the majority of scientific investigations that an acute bout of land-based endurance exercise does not stimulate any compensatory increases in appetite and energy intake on the day of exercise. Alternatively, preliminary evidence suggests that low volume, supramaximal exercise may stimulate an increase in appetite perceptions during the subsequent hours. In accordance with the apparent insensitivity of energy intake to exercise in the short term; the daily energy balance response to exercise appears to be primarily determined by the energy cost of exercise. This finding supports the conclusions of recent training studies that the energy expenditure of exercise is the strongest predictor of fat loss during an exercise program.
7-6-2015 p 53 protects against genome instability following centriole duplication failure

"p53 protects against genome instability following centriole duplication failure" (2015). Cell and Developmental Biology Publications and Presentations. Paper 165. Comments © 2015 Lambrus et al. This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution– Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/ terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at
Myosin-binding protein C corrects an intrinsic inhomogeneity in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling

binding protein C corrects an intrinsic inhomogeneity in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling" (2015). Cell and Developmental Biology Publications and Presentations. 174. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited. The beating heart exhibits remarkable contractile fidelity over a lifetime, which reflects the tight coupling of electrical, chemical, and mechanical elements within the sarcomere, the elementary contractile unit. On a beat-to-beat basis, calcium is released from the ends of the sarcomere and must diffuse toward the sarcomere center to fully activate the myosin-and actin-based contractile proteins. The resultant spatial and temporal gradient in free calcium across the sarcomere should lead to nonuniform and inefficient activation of contraction. We show that myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C), through its positioning on the myosin thick filaments, corrects this nonuniformity in calcium activation by exquisitely sensitizing the contractile apparatus to calcium in a manner that precisely counterbalances the calcium gradient. Thus, the presence and correct localization of MyBP-C within the sarcomere is critically important for normal cardiac function, and any disturbance of MyBP-C localization or function will contribute to the consequent cardiac pathologies.
Marionette: a Multi-Finger Tilt Feedback Device for Curvatures and Haptic Images Perception

Marionette is a haptic device designed to explore touch perception limits between real and device induced shapes. Its novelty resides in the support for 2D exploration over a flat surface and multi-finger capabilities. Marionette is able to apply inclination to four fingers with two degrees of freedom while the user moves the device as if it were a mouse. The device is aimed at enabling a new set of haptic user studies. Preliminary results suggest that the limit of curvature perception in 2D curves is mainly determined by the inclination information while touching with both one and four fingers. Additionally, Marionette supports haptic images such as maps, time changing functions and haptically enhanced telepresence. Author
Marionette : a Multi-Finger Tilt Feedback Device for Curvatures and Haptic Images Perception

Marionette is a haptic device designed to explore touch perception limits between real and device induced shapes. Its novelty resides in the support for 2D exploration over a flat surface and multi-finger capabilities. Marionette is able to apply inclination to four fingers with two degrees of freedom while the user moves the device as if it were a mouse. The device is aimed at enabling a new set of haptic user studies. Preliminary results suggest that the limit of curvature perception in 2D curves is mainly determined by the inclination information while touching with both one and four fingers. Additionally, Marionette supports haptic images such as maps, time changing functions and haptically enhanced telepresence. Author