Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing natural sedimentation patterns and impacts of land use on sediment yield: a lake-sediment-based approach.

Lake-sediment records were used to investigate historical sedimentation patterns in 70 headwater lake catchments of northwestern British Columbia. Sediment-core chronologies and sedimentation rates were derived from 210Pb dating methods. Study objectives include the confirmation of lake coring and associated analysis techniques as appropriate methods for reconstructing past sedimentary environments, the assessment of the natural patterns of lake sedimentation, and the determination of the relative impact of forestry and other land-use disturbances on lake sedimentation in context with the naturally observed variability. Several interesting lake-sediment records have been identified and reviewed. While there is a high degree of variability in the data set, several distinct trends were recognized. Regional analysis has revealed that specific sediment yield spans two orders of magnitude, from 0.55 t/km2/y in the Interior Plateau to 52 t/km2/y in the Coast Mountains. Lake basins are differentiated by physiography, both in terms of average specific sediment yield and dominant processes of sediment transfer, as indicated in the drainage-basin, area-specific, yield relations. Temporal analysis has indicated a trend towards increasing lacustrine sedimentation rates irrespective of land-use change in the study watersheds. This trend may be related to precipitation increases in the study area over the last several decades. Episodic natural disturbances are very important processes of sediment transfer in headwater lake catchments, especially in mountainous regions. Land-use impacts could be only partially separated from natural fluctuations; however, a signature of land use was observed in some of the study lakes that were exposed to high levels of land-use disturbance.
Yield and water use response of winter wheat to winter irrigation in the North China Plain

With intensifying water shortage, adoption of deficit irrigation strategies is likely to increase around the world. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the crops that has successfully been grown with deficit irrigation in the North China Plain. However, irrigating once before winter wheat enters dormancy (simplified as winter irrigation [WI]) is still a popular practice in this region. This study investigated the necessity of this irrigation and its effects on crop performance to provide guidelines for better irrigation management. Field experiments at two sites with up to five irrigation treatments (from rainfed up to three irrigations with or without WI) in a randomized block design with four replications were conducted for two to three winter wheat growing seasons from 2006 to 2009 in the North China Plain. Results showed that with good soil moisture at sowing, winter wheat achieved its maximum grain production with two irrigation applications in dry seasons and one irrigation application in wet seasons, both without WI. Winter irrigation increased evapotranspiration by 20 to 25 mm (0.79 to 0.98 in) and increased drainage from the root zone profile by 20 mm during the long winter dormancy period. With good soil moisture conditions at sowing plus some rainfall, soil moisture before winter wheat enters dormancy would be adequate so WI would have little effect on crop growth. Otherwise, the moisture for the top 50 cm (19.69 in) soil profile might become too dry, which would have a negative affect on winter wheat growth at the recovery stage without WI. However, even under dry conditions, WI didn't increase yield of winter wheat with a postdormancy irrigation in early spring. With the same number of irrigation applications, the ones with WI produced lower water-use efficiency (WUE) values than the ones without WI. Under limited irrigation application, irrigation in early spring after winter dormancy produced greater yield and WUE than that with WI. Applying WI encouraged root growth at the topsoil profile, while withholding WI enhanced root length density in the deep soil layer. The results showed that WI increased evapotranspiration and drainage and reduced WUE. Thus, WI should be replaced by early or late spring irrigation after winter dormancy depending on soil moisture conditions.
Comparison of Observed Infiltration Rates of Different Permeable Urban Surfaces Using a Cornell Sprinkle Infiltrometer

AbstractEfforts to retrofit pervious surfaces into urban landscapes are ongoing, yet the in situ infiltration rates of such surfaces have not been adequately studied. Of increasing interest in urban stormwater management is whether the infiltration rates of different permeable surfaces can be reliably estimated based on surface type alone. To this aim, a total of 139 infiltration tests were conducted using a Cornell sprinkle infiltrometer at 39 different sites distributed within New York City and Philadelphia. The results show significant statistical differences among surfaces: urban parks and tree pits without guards have the lowest infiltration rates; vegetated courtyards, tree pits with guards, porous pavers, backyards, and bioretention facilities display moderate infiltration rates; and porous concrete has the highest infiltration rate. The infiltration rates measured for most of the sites are similar or greater than the local design storm, suggesting that minimal rainfall excess would be generated fr.
Exposure to Parental Violence and Self-Reported Sexual Violence among Unpartnered Adolescent Girls in Nigeria: Evidence from a National Survey

Abstract Objectives Despite the high prevalence of sexual violence among young and adolescent women in Nigeria, there is a paucity of studies on the extent of sexual violence among adolescent girls, especially unpartnered girls, and the role of parental violence. This study assesses the prevalence of self-reported sexual violence and the influence of exposure to parental violence among unpartnered adolescent girls (aged 15–19) in Nigeria. Methods The women’s data (n = 5,145) from the 2013 and 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys were pooled and analyzed with descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regressions. Results Of all adolescent girls, 5.65% had ever experienced sexual violence, 94.09% said they never did, and 0.26% did not respond. Adolescent Girls exposed to parental violence were more likely to have ever experienced sexual violence than the unexposed girls (aRRR= 1.90; 95% CI: 1.29–2.79). Conclusion Interventions to prevent sexual violence among adolescent girls should sensitize parents on the potential negative implications of parental violence for their daughters’ wellbeing.
Separating Direct Heat Flux Forcing and Freshwater Feedback on AMOC Change Under Global Warming

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is predicted to weaken under global warming. Whether it is caused by heat flux or freshwater flux is under debate. Here we separate these two processes in changing the AMOC under global warming. The simulated AMOC is weakened during the first 600 years and then gradually recovered to its initial state, with heat flux and freshwater feedback dominating at different timescales. Global warming immediately puts freshwater into the Southern Ocean, which triggers the initial AMOC weakening via altering surface temperature. Concurrently, the extensive heat into the ocean surface increases the temperature over the subpolar North Atlantic, reducing the deep convection and thus the AMOC in the subsequent 50–150 years. Meanwhile, the Arctic sea ice melt leads to the AMOC shutdown. Subsequently, the salinity accumulation in the subtropical North Atlantic propagating northward to restart the North Atlantic deep convection is responsible for the AMOC recovery.
Ecological Consequences of Ground Water Discharge to Delaware Bay, United States

Submarine ground water discharge to the ocean has the potential to create estuarine conditions near the point of discharge, thereby dramatically altering local benthic habitats and ecology. Aerial thermal infrared imaging along the southwestern margin of Delaware Bay indicated abundant discharge at Cape Henlopen, Delaware, adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean. On the sandflat there, we have documented low salinity in sedimentary pore waters within 20 m of the beachface that are associated with dense assemblages (in thousands per square meter) of a deep, burrow‐dwelling polychaete worm, Marenzelleria viridis, otherwise regarded as a species characteristic of fresher, oligohaline conditions. Where present, M. viridis is a numerical and biomass dominant in a benthic community strikingly different from that in nearby nonseep locations. At Cape Henlopen, the ecological role of the ground water discharge appears to be a multifaceted one. Seeps are localized regions of significantly reduced salinity, stabilized temperature, increased nutrient flux, high microalgal abundance, and enhanced sediment stability. M. viridis feeds on sediment diatoms and may provide an important trophic linkage between microalgal growth fueled by nutrients associated with the discharging ground water and worm‐feeding predators such as bottom fish or shorebirds common on the Cape Henlopen sandflat. Calculations based on our sampling suggest that nutrients supplied by the ground water substantially exceed what is needed to support benthic biomass and productivity estimated for this site.
Precipitation of rutile and ilmenite needles in garnet: Implications for extreme metamorphic conditions in the Acadian Orogen, U.S.A.

Abstract We report the discovery of oriented needles of rutile and ilmenite in garnet crystals from granulite facies metapelitic rocks of the Merrimack synclinorium. Connecticut, and present a precipitation model for their origin. The rocks were strongly metamorphosed and deformed during the Devonian Acadian orogeny. The needles are primarily elongated parallel to <111> in garnet. Rutile has anomalous extinction angles as great as ~35° (cf. Griffin et al. 1971). Rutile and ilmenite needles are typically a few hundred nanometers to several micrometers in diameter and are several tens of micrometers to nearly a millimeter long. Other oxide inclusions that may be present include submicrometer- to micrometer-scale twinned rutile bicrystals, as well as srilankite and a crichtonite group mineral. Some garnet cores have unusual, box-shaped quartz inclusions, which coexist with Ti±Fe oxide needles and commonly contain micrometer-scale rods of F-OH-C1 apatite. Negative garnet ciystal "pores” are also widespread. Ti±Fe oxide needles are restricted to garnet core regions; rims have a distinctly different inclusion population dominated by granulite facies minerals including sillimanite, spinel, cordierite, and K-feldspar. Consequently, the garnet core regions represent an earlier, distinct period of growth relative to the rims. Garnet cores contain ~25-35% pyrope. and a host of minor and trace constituents including TiO2 (0.07-0.6 wt%). Cr203 (0.01-0.10 wt%). Na2O (0.01-0.03 wt%). P2O5 (0.01-0.09 wt%). and ZrO2 (up to -150 ppm). Na2O and ZrO2 correlate positively with TiO2.Titanium zoning is preserved in some garnets; zoning profiles and two-dimensional chemical mapping show' that Ti and. to a lesser degree. Cr are depleted around Ti±Fe oxide inclusions. Therefore, we conclude that the needles are precipitates that formed from Ti-bearing garnet during exhumation and cooling. Garnet contained sufficient Ti to form precipitates; no Ti source external to garnet was necessary. Titaniumbearing garnets that contain oriented Ti±Fe oxide needles are known primarily from ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks, mantle peridotites and pyroxenites, and high-pressure granulites. Thus, the presence of needle-bearing garnets in Connecticut strongly suggests that a previously unrecognized domain of extreme pressure and/or temperature metamorphism exists in the Acadian orogen.
Data report: clay mineralogical composition of northern Cascadia margin sediments, IODP Expedition 311 1

The clay mineralogical semiquantitative composition of 186 samples of hemipelagic sediments, turbiditic sediments, and authigenic carbonates from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Sites U1325–U1329, northern Cascadia margin, were determined by Xray diffraction analyses. Oriented aggregates of clay-sized fractions were analyzed to estimate the relative percentages of smectite, illite, chlorite, kaolinite, and illite/vermiculite mixed layers. Illite/vermiculite mixed layers were observed for the first time in this area. Clay mineral assemblages show only modest long-term variations with no significant differences among Sites U1325–U1329. Variations in clay mineral assemblages are supposed to be mostly related to differences between hemipelagic sediments and turbiditic sediments. The sampling resolution and the age control are not good enough to define or recognize any climate control indicators in the clay mineral record.
Crustal shear wave velocity and radial anisotropy beneath the Rio Grande rift from ambient noise tomography

Shear wave velocity and radial anisotropy beneath New Mexico are obtained from ambient seismic noise tomography using data from the Transportable Array. Besides the distinct seismic structure imaged across the Rio Grande rift from the Colorado Plateau to the Great Plains, both velocity and anisotropy models also reveal significant variations along the rift. The rift at Albuquerque is characterized by remarkably low velocity in the shallow crust, high velocity and strong positive anisotropy in the middle and lower crust, and low velocity in the upper mantle. These observations can be interpreted as magma accumulation in the shallow crust and significant mafic underplating in the lower crust with abundant melt supply from the hot mantle. We propose that the Albuquerque region has recently been experiencing the most vigorous extensional deformation in the rift. Positive anisotropy with Vsh > Vsv appears in the central and southern rifts with a stronger anisotropy beneath younger volcanoes, reflecting layering of magma intrusion due to past and recent rifting activities. The low velocities in the uppermost mantle are observed under high‐elevation places, the Jemez Lineament, northern rift, and east rift boundary, implying that the buoyancy of hot mantle largely compensates the local high topography. Low mantle velocities appear at the boundary of the southern rift, corresponding to the large lithosphere thickness change, instead of the rift center, consistent with the prediction from the small‐scale, edge‐driven mantle convection model. We conclude that the edge‐driven upper mantle convection is probably the dominant mechanism for the recent and current rifting and uplift in the Rio Grande rift.
Mindfulness Intervention Improves Coping and Perceptions of Children’s Behavior among Families with Elevated Risk

Mindfulness-informed interventions (MIIs) are increasingly common but have not been extensively studied among families with elevated levels of risk (e.g., those involved in child protective services and/or receiving financial assistance). These families often experience high rates of stressors that can impact coping strategies, interpersonal dynamics, and relationships. Given that mindfulness has been shown to promote health and wellbeing, this study used a sample from two pilot randomized controlled trials to test the extent to which a mindfulness-informed intervention improved coping strategies and perceptions of children’s behavior among 53 families with elevated risk. A principal components analysis with a direct oblimin rotation revealed that cognitive–emotion coping strategies could be characterized by three factors: positive adaptation, negative adaptation, and positive refocusing. Intention-to-treat analysis indicated significant group by time differences, with intervention participants demonstrating improvements in positive refocusing coping, positive adaptation coping, and perceptions of children’s behavior problems compared to participants in the waitlist control group. No significant differences were found for negative adaptation coping strategies. Findings provide preliminary support for the benefits of mindfulness training in a sample generally underrepresented in the mindfulness intervention literature.
Seismic Attenuation By Scattering: Theory and Numerical Results

SUMMARY Estimates of seismic wave attenuation are strongly affected by scattering. Scattering is an important effect caused by interaction of seismic wavefields with inhomogeneities of hydrocarbon reservoirs, Earth's crust and mantle. In order to study the contribution of scattering to apparent attenuation we consider plane-wave propagation in acoustic 2-D and 3-D inhomogeneous media. Different attenuation estimates result depending on what wavefield function is being averaged during corresponding processing. By wave-theoretical analysis and high-order finite difference modelling in two dimensions we show that scattering attenuation estimates derived from the mean of amplitude spectra and from the mean logarithm of amplitude spectra depend on travel distance. For not too long travel distances, where the coherent part of the wavefield dominates, we give an analytical description of these estimates. In 2-D and 3-D the relations are established between the autocorrelation functions of velocity fluctuations of a random medium and the autocorrelation functions of amplitude and phase fluctuations on a receiver line perpendicular to the general propagation direction of an originally plane wave. For long distances, where the wavefield fluctuates strongly, we show that both mean logarithm of amplitude and logarithm of mean amplitude tend to constants. They differ approximately by a factor two in both scattering regimes. the scattering attenuation coefficient of the meanfield is not dependent on travel distance. We compared our theoretical results with numerical calculations and found excellent agreements. the concept presented clarifies the nature of seismic Q estimations in the presence of scattering and can help to yield statistical earth models from seismic data.
Mesotidal Estuarine Sequences: A Perspective From The Georgia Bight

ABSTRACT Although much has been written about estuaries and estuarine sediments, very few facies models have been proposed to date and considerable ambiguity remains in coastal classification schemes. Current stratigraphic concepts fail to elucidate not only the differences between certain deltaic, estuarine, and lagoon-fill sequences, but also the pronounced similarities between many riverine and salt-marsh estuarine sequences. These distinctive latero-vertical successions, recent and ancient, warrant increased scrutiny and conceptual refinement. Preliminary stratigraphic models and definitions presented here--based largely upon modern Georgia estuaries--should provide a broad framework for further evaluation and clarification of the above facies relationships. From that standpoint, an estuarine sequence consists of complex, intertidal to subtidal, mostly channel-form facies dominated to some extent by tidal effects, typically displaying abrupt variations in sediment texture and composition, and in physical and biogenic sedimentary structures. Subtle to pronounced salinity gradients may be discernible; nevertheless, the features most diagnostic of the overall sequence are 1) tidally influenced channel-form deposits, and 2) characteristic bioturbate textures and trace fossils.
Nutrient Cycling of Eucalyptus Plantation in Relation to Stand Age in Agroforestry System

The annual litter production increased with increasing age of the Eucalyptus plantations both in the pure and intercropped stands with Mentha and Cymbopogon spp. An increase in litter production was recorded in all the intercropped in comparison to pure stands at all the ages. Higher concentration of N, P and K was observed in the litter of the intercropped stands which decreased with increasing ages of the stands. The total addition of nutrients through litterfall to the soil was higher in the intercropped than the pure stands. The N, P and K contents of the soil under the pure stands was higher than those of inter cropped stands. Maximum amount of N and K was found in the superficial layer of the soil which decreased with increasing depth. Most of the Phosphorus was accumulated in the soil at the depth of 15-30 cm in all the stands. The available N, P and K in the soil increased with increasing age of the stands.
Postoperative Activity and Knee Function of Patients after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Sensor-Based Monitoring Study

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are increasingly being used to assess knee function. The aim of the study was to record patients’ activity levels and to detect new parameters for knee function in the early postoperative phase after TKA. Twenty patients (n = 20) were prospectively enrolled. Two sensors were attached to the affected leg. The data were recorded from the first day after TKA until discharge. Algorithms were developed for detecting steps, range of motion, horizontal, sitting and standing postures, as well as physical therapy. The mean number of steps increased from day 1 to discharge from 117.4 (SD ± 110.5) to 858.7 (SD ± 320.1), respectively. Patients’ percentage of immobilization during daytime (6 a.m. to 8 p.m.) was 91.2% on day one and still 69.9% on the last day. Patients received daily continuous passive motion therapy (CPM) for a mean of 36.4 min (SD ± 8.2). The mean angular velocity at day 1 was 12.2 degrees per second (SD ± 4.4) and increased to 28.7 (SD ± 16.4) at discharge. This study shows that IMUs monitor patients’ activity postoperatively well, and a wide range of interindividual motion patterns was observed. These sensors may allow the adjustment of physical exercise programs according to the patient’s individual needs.
Building Repurchase Intention of Customers for Grab Transportation Services in Brosem Smes, Batu City With Customer Satisfaction as a Mediator Variable

The aim of this research is to determine effectiveness customer satisfaction in mediating service quality and customer value in building repurchase intention Grab transportation service for Brosem SMEs, Batu City. This research is quantitative descriptive. The population of this research is members of Brosem SMEs Kota Batu who use Grab transportation services with a sample of 76 respondents. Sample size guidelines using saturated samples. Data analysis in this research used descriptive statistical techniques and inferential statistical analysis with the SPSS application. The results of this research show that service quality proven to have no effect on customer satisfaction but it has been proven to have an effect on repurchase intention, either directly or through mediation customer satisfaction. Where as customer value proven to have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction and its influence on repurchase intention with mediation customer satisfaction. However customer value has no effect on repurchase intention directly.
Influence of stratification and topography upon internal wave spectra in the region of sills

A non‐hydrostatic model in vertical cross section form is used to examine the role of sill width and buoyancy upon the energy cascade into the internal tidal band and higher frequencies in sill regions. Power spectra analysis of computed time series show that as sill width is reduced the energy transfer from the baroclinic tide to its higher harmonics is reduced. However, there is an increase in energy at higher frequencies corresponding to lee wave periods. In addition internal mixing on the lee side of the sill increases. The addition of small scale topography on the sill slope produces a similar spectral change in the internal wave distribution and mixing. For a narrow sill the addition of a surface buoyant layer with a higher buoyancy frequency, significantly reduces the energy cascade to higher frequencies with a corresponding reduction in mixing. The associated spectra have characteristics resembling wide sill topography.