Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On binary cyclotomic polynomials

We study the number of nonzero coefficients of cyclotomic polynomials Φm where m is the product of two distinct primes. 1. Presentation of the results Let m > 1 be an integer and Φm the cyclotomic polynomial defined by the equality Φm(X) := m ∏ j=1 (j,m)=1 ( X − exp(2πij/m) ) . This monic polynomial belongs to Z[X] and its degree is equal to φ(m), the Euler function of the integer m. Let θ(m) be the number of nonzero coefficients of Φm. Of course, θ(m) satisfies the trivial inequalities 2 ≤ θ(m) ≤ φ(m) + 1, which are optimal when one considers the cases m = 1 or m = p a prime number. In these cases, all the coefficients of Φm are equal to 1. We make the convention to reserve the letters p and q to prime numbers and we say that the integer m is binary if it is of the form m = pq, with distinct p and q. Let B = {6, 10, 14, 15, 21, . } be the set of binary integers. For m ∈ B, we say that the associated cyclotomic polynomial Φm is binary. The coefficients of the binary cyclotomic polynomial Φm are equal to 0, 1 or −1. Furthermore, in that particular case, the function θ(m) has an explicit expression in terms of p and q which can be exploited by analytic number theory (see Proposition 1 below). Recently Bzdȩga [4] started the study of the distribution function of the map m ∈ B 7→ θ(m). To recall his results, let γ and x satisfying 0 0, there exists C(γ), c( , γ) > 0 and x0 = x0( , γ), such that, for x ≥ x0 one has the inequalities (2) c( , γ)x 1 2 +γ− ≤ Hγ(x) ≤ C(γ)x 1 2 +γ . Date: February 15, 2012. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 11N13 ; Secondary 11L20 .
Sources of Scatter in the Fundamental Plane and the D n- sigma Relation

On the basis of new photometric data for early-type galaxies in the Coma Cluster we have determined the relation log r e =alogσ+b e +c known as the fundamental plane (FP). The scatter in the FP is equivalent to 11% uncertainty on distances. The residuals for the FP show no dependence on other available photometric and geometric parameters. Analysis of a nearby sample of ellipticals indicates that differences in dynamical structure for these galaxies may cause a scatter in the FP equivalent to 10% uncertainty on the distances. Thus, it may be possible to decrease the scatter by using the mean velocity dispersion within half the effective radius instead of the central velocity dispersion
Influence of residual gases on cathode spot behavior

A residual gas in a vacuum arc chamber influences the behavior of the arc by two effects: it changes the state of the cathode surface, in particular the surface cleanness, and it influences the interelectrode plasma. Experiments are summarized dealing with the influence of the residual gas on the arc parameters in a pressure range of 10/sup -6/-10/sup -5/ Pa. With increasing pressure, general tendencies are a decrease in the fluctuations of the burning voltage, in the chopping current, and in the current density, and an increase in the arc lifetime, spot velocity, and spot diameter. The conditions at the cathode surface are decisive for the spot behavior and not the pressure. Surface contaminations render the arc more stable. The transition between the so-called cathode spot type 1 (on contaminated surfaces) and type 2 (on clean surfaces) was found to be smooth rather than abrupt. >
Exploring Knowledge about Fang Traditional Medicine: An Informal Health Seeking Behaviour for Medical or Cultural Afflictions in Equatorial Guinea

This study explores a range of informal health-seeking behaviors, including the use of Fang Traditional Medicine (FTM) for medical or cultural afflictions in Equatorial Guinea (EQ), the therapeutic methods used, the health problems handled, the learning process, traditional medicine user profiles and the social images of Fang Traditional Healers (FTHs). Ethnography was employed as a qualitative strategy using emic–etic approaches. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 45 individuals, including 6 community leaders, 19 tribal elders, 7 healthcare professionals, 11 FTHs and 2 relatives of traditional healers in 5 districts of EQ. FTM offers a cure for malaria and treatments for reproductive health issues, bone fractures and cultural illnesses. Several methods used to learn FTM are based on empirical observation, and without the need for traditional schooling, unlike with Western medical professionals: for example, watching a family member, or the spirits or ancestors, can reveal healing knowledge. Materials from forests, including tree barks and plants, and rituals are used to keep Fang populations healthy; in addition, two rituals known as “osuiñ” and “etoak” (infusions of tree barks with the blood of sacrificed animals) are the most commonly used treatments. In addition, elders and women are the most active consumers of FTM. FTM plays a relevant role in curing medical and cultural afflictions in Fang communities. The informal health-seeking behavior among the Fang community is conditioned by the explanation model of illness.
A neuroscientist’s guide to using murine brain atlases for efficient analysis and transparent reporting

Brain atlases are widely used in neuroscience as resources for conducting experimental studies, and for integrating, analyzing, and reporting data from animal models. A variety of atlases are available, and it may be challenging to find the optimal atlas for a given purpose and to perform efficient atlas-based data analyses. Comparing findings reported using different atlases is also not trivial, and represents a barrier to reproducible science. With this perspective article, we provide a guide to how mouse and rat brain atlases can be used for analyzing and reporting data in accordance with the FAIR principles that advocate for data to be findable, accessible, interoperable, and re-usable. We first introduce how atlases can be interpreted and used for navigating to brain locations, before discussing how they can be used for different analytic purposes, including spatial registration and data visualization. We provide guidance on how neuroscientists can compare data mapped to different atlases and ensure transparent reporting of findings. Finally, we summarize key considerations when choosing an atlas and give an outlook on the relevance of increased uptake of atlas-based tools and workflows for FAIR data sharing.
Chemometric Approaches to Analyse the Composition of a Ewe’s Colostrum

Simple Summary Colostrum is the first food consumed by infants, and it provides a source of passive immunity for newborns due to its concentration of immunoglobulins, which do not enter an embryo’s bloodstream in cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. In this study, 60 bulk colostrum samples were collected from Valle del Belice ewes. The samples were analysed for their gross composition, pH, Brix refractive index, colour, fatty acid composition, and mineral content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation patterns between the bulk tank colostrum parameters and to define, using a multivariate approach, the relationships between them. This study confirmed that the Brix refractive index is a good parameter for simply evaluating the nutritional quality of sheep colostrum on a farm. Understanding the correlations between the compositional parameters will allow for interventions to correctly feed lambs in their first days of life. Abstract Colostrum is a major source of immunity in lambs and, in general, in all newborn ruminants. It allows the transfer of antibodies from the ewe to the lamb, and it becomes the exclusive source of nutrients for a newborn. Among the most significant Pearson correlations, the positive correlation between the Brix refractive index (Brix) and protein (0.90) should be noted. Both parameters (protein percentage and Brix) were then positively correlated with the percentage of fat (0.38 and 0.41), urea (0.81 and 0.67), calcium (0.39 and 0.29), and magnesium (0.58 and 0.59), as well as the yellowness (0.78 and 0.75). Somatic cell count (SCC) and pH, parameters which are indicators of subclinical mastitis, were positively correlated (0.49), and SCC was positively correlated with sodium (0.37) and negatively correlated with potassium (−0.28). Among the macroelements in colostrum—calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sodium—the correlations were largely positive. With respect to the colour parameters, yellowness was negatively correlated with lightness (−0.41) and redness (−0.45). The factor analysis split the total of variance into three latent factors. The first factor was named “Colostrum quality of grazing sheep” because it was positively correlated primarily with SCC, pH, Poly Unsatured Fatty Acids (PUFA), and the sum of the omega-3 Fatty Acids (FAs). The second factor, named “Good quality colostrum”, was positively correlated primarily with the refractive index, protein and fat percentages, urea content, phosphorus, Mono Unsatured Fatty Acids (MUFA), and yellowness. The third factor was positively correlated primarily with calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sodium, and it was therefore termed “Mineral component of colostrum”. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the protein percentage, calcium, and magnesium were able to explain more than 85% of the Brix refractive index, which remains a good parameter for simply evaluating the nutritional quality of sheep colostrum at the level of a farm.
Understanding the Determinants of Customer Intention to Use Mobile Payment: The Vietnamese Perspective

Previous studies on the intention to use mobile payment were mainly conducted using traditional technology acceptance models, which focus on positive factors and ignore negative factors influencing the intention to use mobile payment in both developed and developing countries. This study is conducted in a newly emerging country, Vietnam – a trusted destination for multinational companies to do business and reposition their global supply chains. With the integration of positive and negative factors into an extended research model to examine their influence on the intention to use mobile payment, the results show that perceived privacy and perceived security contribute to overall perceived risk. Moreover, perceived risk and perceived compatibility are two determinants of intention to use mobile payment. Theoretical and managerial implications are drawn and directions for future research are outlined.
Permeability-Enhanced Liposomal Emulgel Formulation of 5-Fluorouracil for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

The plain 5-fluorouracil (5FU) formulations available in the market are associated with adverse effects such as skin irritation, pruritus, redness, blisters, allergy, and dryness on the site of application. The objective of the present study was to develop a liposomal emulgel of 5FU with increased skin permeability and efficacy using clove oil and eucalyptus oil along with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, stabilizers, binders, and additives. A series of seven formulations were developed and evaluated for their entrapment efficiency, in vitro release profile, and cumulative drug release profile. The compatibility of drugs and excipients, as confirmed by FTIR (fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) as well as SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) studies, revealed that the size and shape of liposomes are smooth and spherical, and the liposomes are non-aggregated. To understand their efficacy, the optimized formulations were evaluated for cytotoxicity using B16-F10 mouse skin melanoma cells. The eucalyptus oil and clove oil-containing preparation significantly produced a cytotoxic effect against a melanoma cell line. The addition of clove oil and eucalyptus oil increased the efficacy of the formulation by improving skin permeability and reducing the dose required for the anti-skin cancer activity.
Adult Urology Oncology: Prostate/Testis/Penis/Urethra JU Insight Impact of an Expanded Definition of Family History on Outcomes of Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer

Study Need and Importance: A family history (FH) of prostate cancer (PC) is a well-established risk factor for the development of PC, but an FH including other malignancies suggestive of a hereditary cancer syndrome (HCS; eg, breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer) is increasingly recognized as a risk factor as well. The role of a broader definition of FH as a risk factor for patients on active surveillance (AS) for PC has not been investigated. Here, we evaluate the impact of an expanded definition of FH on AS outcomes under the hypothesis that patients at high genetic risk based on their FH are at increased risk of disease progression. What We Found: Using a novel scoring metric to capture multigeneration FH data among the 855 evaluable patients in our AS cohort, we found that patients with an FH suggestive of HCS (but not those with FH of PC alone) have an increased hazard of biopsy progression (see Figure) and progression to treatment on AS, compared to patients without such FH. However, the subset of patients with an FH suggestive of HCS who underwent delayed treatment after a period of AS did not experience higher rates of adverse pathology at prostatectomy or biochemical recurrence. Limitations: Longer follow-up is required to assess late outcomes of AS. Data partially predate the introduction of MRI into our AS program. Our novel FH scoring metric also warrants validation in future studies. Furthermore, FH was not systematically obtained by a genetic counselor; therefore, differences in documenting FH could have resulted in observer bias. Interpretation for Patient Care: Patients with an FH suggestive of HCS can still be safely offered AS but should be counseled about the higher risk of biopsy progression. These patients warrant closer monitoring compared to patients without a strong FH. Our data support the wider inclusion of an expanded definition of FH in counseling patients considering AS. Figure. Kaplan-Meier curve of biopsy progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with vs without a strong family history (FH) suggestive of a hereditary cancer syndrome (HCS).
ISOTROPIC HARMONIC OSCILLATOR PLUS INVERSE QUADRATIC POTENTIAL IN N-DIMENSIONAL SPACES

Some aspects of the N-dimensional isotropic harmonic plus inverse quadratic potential are discussed. The hyperradial equation for isotropic harmonic oscillator plus inverse quadratic potential is solved by transformation into the confluent hypergeometric equation to obtain the normalized hyperradial solution. Together with the hyperangular solutions (hyperspherical harmonics), these form the complete energy eigenfunctions of the N-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator plus inverse quadratic potential and the energy eigenvalues are also obtained. These are dimensionally dependent. The dependence of the radial solution on the dimensions or the potential strength and the degeneracy of the energy levels are discussed.
PEPITEM modulates leukocyte trafficking to reduce obesity-induced inflammation

Abstract Dysregulation of leukocyte trafficking, lipid metabolism, and other metabolic processes are the hallmarks that underpin and drive pathology in obesity. Current clinical management targets alternations in lifestyle choices (e.g. exercise, weight loss) to limit the impact of the disease. Crucially, re-gaining control over the pathogenic cellular and molecular processes may offer an alternative, complementary strategy for obese patients. Here we investigate the impact of the immunopeptide, PEPITEM, on pancreas homeostasis and leukocyte trafficking in mice on high-fed obesogenic diet (HFD). Both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with PEPITEM alleviated the effects of HFD on the pancreas, reducing pancreatic beta cell size. Moreover, PEPITEM treatment also limited T-cell trafficking (CD4+ T-cells and KLRG1+ CD3+ T-cells) to obese visceral, but not subcutaneous, adipose tissue. Similarly, PEPITEM treatment reduced macrophage numbers within the peritoneal cavity of mice on HFD diet at both 6 and 12 weeks. By contrast, PEPITEM therapy elevated numbers of T and B cells were observed in the secondary lymphoid tissues (e.g. spleen and inguinal lymph node) when compared to the untreated HFD controls. Collectively our data highlights the potential for PEPITEM as a novel therapy to combat the systemic low-grade inflammation experienced in obesity and minimize the impact of obesity on pancreatic homeostasis. Thus, offering an alternative strategy to reduce the risk of developing obesity-related co-morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, in individuals at high risk and struggling to control their weight through lifestyle modifications.
Role of junctional epithelium in maintaining dento-gingival adhesion and periodontal health

The dento-gingival junction comprises multiple epithelia including the junctional epithelium (JE), which is the most coronally-located structural element of the dento-gingival junction that demarcates external from internal periodontal environments. After tooth eruption into the oral cavity, a specialized basal lamina is formed that provides firm attachment of the JE to the enamel. This attachment prevents microbial species and oral debris from entering subjacent periodontal tissues. Here we discuss the expression of certain JE adhesion molecules and enamel proteins that maintain the health of the dento-gingival junction but that are perturbed in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. We also consider how evolutionary processes have influenced the development of the JE as a specialized adhesion that is well-suited for protection of the dento-gingival junction. A detailed understanding of the biology of the JE will deepen current models of dento-gingival adhesion, potentially clarify inter-patient variability of susceptibility to periodontitis and help to identify new roles of enamel proteins in periodontal regeneration.
A detailed study of 2S 0114+650 with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer

We present the results of a detailed study of the high-mass X-ray binary 2S 0114+650 made with the pointed instruments onboard the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. The spectral and temporal behaviour of this source was examined over the pulse, orbital and superorbital time-scales, covering ∼2 cycles of the 30.7 d superorbital modulation. Marginal evidence for variability of the power-law photon index over the pulse period was identified, similar to that observed from other X-ray pulsars. If this variability is real it can be attributed to a varying viewing geometry of the accretion region with the spin of the neutron star. Variability of the neutral hydrogen column density over the orbital period was observed, which we attribute to the line-of-sight motion of the neutron star through the dense circumstellar environment. A reduction in the power-law photon index was observed during the orbital maximum, which we speculate is due to the absorption effects as the neutron star passes behind a heavily absorbing region near the base of the supergiant companion's wind. No significant variability of the column density was observed over the superorbital period, indicating that variable obscuration by a precessing warp in an accretion disc is not the mechanism behind the superorbital modulation. In contrast, a significant increase in the power-law photon index was observed during the superorbital minimum. We conclude that the observed superorbital modulation is tied to variability in the mass accretion rate due to some as yet unidentified mechanism.
Molecular Identification, Pathogenesis, and Life Cycle of Sarcocystis cruzi from Cattle (Bos taurus) in New Valley Governorate, Egypt

Sarcocystis cruzi was identified by molecular methods from an intermediate host, cattle (Bos taurus), in El-Kharga, New Valley Governorate, Egypt, and its life cycle and pathogenicity were studied in the final host, dogs (Canis familiaris). 600 slaughtered cattle aged 6–8 years (480/120 males/females) were included. In addition, three laboratory-bred, coccidian-free puppies aged 2–3 months were fed infected bovine muscles to locate the definitive host and analyze sporogony. 18S rRNA-specific gene primers were used for DNA amplification from esophageal muscles. These polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and molecular sequence analysis. Infection was detected in 78.8% (473/600; 95% CI, 75.56–82.11%). Histopathological examination of esophageal muscles showed oval- to spherical-shaped cysts, 96.7 μm wide by 326.9 μm long; cysts in cardiac muscles were ovoid and smaller. Infected puppies began shedding sporocysts in feces 7 days post-inoculation and showed distorted organ architecture, severe cellular damage, and inflammatory lesions in liver, kidney, esophagus, and stomach. Three oocysts with different shapes and sizes were identified. Partial 18S rRNA gene sequences of isolated New Valley sarcocysts were identical to S. cruzi isolated from different areas, verifying their genetic relatedness. Our analysis suggests that S. cruzi is the most prevalent in slaughtered cattle in New Valley Governorate, Egypt.
Reaching for the "Cloud": The Case of an SME in a Developing Economy

Cloud computing adoption and utilization is gaining prominence in most developing countries. Its adoption is influenced by several factors, which can constitute a limitation rather than an advantage for firms. This research, therefore, explored the issues surrounding the adoption of cloud computing by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in a developing economy. An SME operating in Ghana for over five years was purposively selected as the case for the study. Technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework served as a guiding lens. Interviews were held with selected staff of the case firm. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman's transcendental realism technique. It was discovered that the motivation for cloud computing adoption is the possibility of getting a state-of-the-art IT infrastructure at the lowest cost possible. The study presents the factors that influenced cloud computing adoption in the SME. The study contributes to improving the present understanding of cloud computing as an SME's strategic tool for operating within a developing economy.
A Hydrocarbon Soluble, Molecular and “Complete” Al-Cocatalyst for High Temperature Olefin Polymerization

The dinuclear aluminum salt {[iBu2(DMA)Al]2(μ-H)}+[B(C6F5)4]− (AlHAl; DMA = N,N-dimethylaniline) is the prototype of a new class of molecular cocatalysts for catalytic olefin polymerization, its modular nature offering easy avenues for tailoring the activator to specific needs. We report here, as proof of concept, a first variant (s-AlHAl) bearing p-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethylaniline (DMAC16) units, which enhances solubility in aliphatic hydrocarbons. The novel s-AlHAl was used successfully as an activator/scavenger in ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization in a high-temperature solution process.
Lifetime fluctuations of a single emitter in a disordered nanoscopic system: The influence of the transition dipole orientation

We study the fluctuations of the fluorescence decay rate of a single emitter in a random cluster of nanoparticles, in a regime dominated by near‐field scattering. Configurational changes of the environment induce statistical changes of the decay rate. Two regimes are considered which differ in terms of transition dipole orientation. In one regime, the orientation of the transition dipole is assumed to remain constant while the configuration of the cluster changes randomly. In another regime, the orientation of the transition dipole is assumed unknown and continuously averaged over the three directions of space. Using exact numerical simulations and a simple analytical model, we show that the statistical distributions of the spontaneous decay rate are substantially different in both regimes. In both cases, the decay rate fluctuations are strongly dependent on the level of absorption at the nanoscale. We discuss the impact of this result in terms of imaging in complex media. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)