Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can rotation explain the multiple main-sequence turn-offs of Magellanic Cloud star clusters?

Many intermediate-age star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds present multiple main-sequence turn-offs (MMSTOs), which challenge the classical idea that star formation in such objects took place over short time-scales. It has been recently suggested that the presence of fast rotators among main-sequence stars could be the cause of such features, hence relaxing the need for extended periods of star formation. In this Letter, we compute evolutionary tracks and isochrones of models with and without rotation. We find that, for the same age and input physics, both kinds of models present turn-offs with an almost identical position in the colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs). As a consequence, a dispersion of rotational velocities in coeval ensembles of stars could not explain the presence of MMSTOs. We construct several synthetic CMDs for the different kinds of tracks and combinations of them. The models that best reproduce the morphology of observed MMSTOs are clearly those assuming a significant spread in the stellar ages – as long as ∼400 Myr – added to a moderate amount of convective core overshooting. Only these models produce the detailed ‘golf club’ shape of observed MMSTOs. A spread in rotational velocities alone cannot do anything similar. We also discuss models involving a mixture of stars with and without overshooting, as an additional scenario to producing MMSTOs with coeval populations. We find that they produce turn-offs with a varying extension in the CMD direction perpendicular to the lower main sequence, which are clearly not present in observed MMSTOs.
Gravitational waves from the big bounce

In this paper we investigate gravitational wave production during the big bounce phase, inspired by loop quantum cosmology. We consider the influence of the holonomy corrections to the equation for tensor modes. We show that they act like additional effective graviton mass, suppressing gravitational wave creation. However, such effects can be treated perturbatively. We investigate a simplified model without holonomy corrections to the equation for modes and find its exact analytical solution. Assuming the form for matter we calculate the full spectrum of the gravitational waves from the big bounce phase. The spectrum obtained decreases to zero for the low energy modes. On the basis of this observation we infer that this effect can lead to low cosmic microwave background (CMB) multipole suppression and gives a potential way for testing loop quantum cosmology models. We also consider a scenario with a post-bounce inflationary phase. The power spectrum obtained gives a qualitative explanation of the CMB spectra, including low multipole suppression.
Associations between Stigma, Cognitive Appraisals, Coping Strategies and Stress Responses among Japanese Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment

The number of infertility treatment cycles in Japan is the highest worldwide. Studies have shown that stigma is a predictor of stress-related symptoms including anxiety and depression in women undergoing infertility treatment. Stress management to prevent stress-related symptoms may be crucial; however, few studies have examined the model of stigma and stress responses. Based on the stress-coping model, we hypothesized that stigma threatens the identity of such women and that coping failure increases stress responses. We aimed to explore the role of cognitive appraisals and coping strategies as mediators of the association between the stigma of infertility and stress responses. In December 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Japan, in which 254 women undergoing infertility treatment completed a web-based survey. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the associations between stigma, cognitive appraisals, coping strategies, and stress responses. The results showed that explanatory power increased with each additional variable in the following order: stigma, cognitive appraisals, and coping. Participants with a high level of stigma evaluated it as threatening, and used self-blame and venting coping strategies, and showed higher stress responses. Conversely, participants who used positive reframing coping strategies exhibited lower stress responses. Based on this, effective strategies to address stigma and stress responses are necessitated.
Nuclear Spins as Quantum Testbeds: Singlet States, Quantum Correlations, and Delayed-choice Experiments

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) forms a natural test-bed to perform quantum information processing (QIP) and has so far proven to be one of the most successful quantum information processors. The nuclear spins in a molecule treated as quantum bits or qubits which are the basic building blocks of a quantum computer. The development of NMR over half a century puts it in a platform where we can utilize its excellent control techniques over an ensemble of spin systems and perform quantum computation in a highly controlled way. Apart from a successful quantum information processor, NMR is also a highly powerful quantum platform where many of the potentially challenging quantum mechanical experiments can be performed.
On closest isotropic tensors and their norms

Theoretical seismology, which is the subject of the thesis, could be viewed as a subject of continuum mechanics, whose mathematical structure relies on tensors. For instance, Hooke’s Law, which underlies the theory of elasticity—a branch of continuum mechanics—is a tensorial equation. A generally anisotropic tensor, obtained from physical measurements, can be approximated by another tensor belonging to a particular material-symmetry class. This tensor is referred to as the effective tensor; among all tensors in a particular symmetry class, it is the closest to the given anisotropic tensor. This ‘closeness’ that we refer to, draws upon the notion of a norm. In this thesis, we compare the effective tensors belonging to the isotropic symmetry class obtained using three different norms—the Frobenius-36, the Frobenius-21, and the operator norms. Furthermore, we utilize another method—a ‘L₂ slowness-curve fit’ method—and compare the results herein. Finally, we explore the associated errors and analyze the relationship between the mathematical and physical models.
Rolling tachyons for separated brane-antibrane systems

We consider tachyon condensation between a D-brane and an anti-D-brane in superstring theory, when they are separated in their common transverse directions. A simple rolling tachyon solution, that describes the time evolution of the process, is studied from the point of view of boundary conformal field theory. By computing the boundary beta-functions of the system, one finds that this theory is conformal, hence corresponds to an exact solution of the string theory equations of motion. By contrast, the time-reversal-symmetric rolling tachyon is not conformal. These results put constraints on the space-time effective actions for the system.
Note about Hamiltonian Formalism for General Nonlinear Massive Gravity Action in STÜCKELBERG Formalism

In this paper, we try to prove the absence of the ghosts in case of the general nonlinear massive gravity action in Stuckelberg formalism. We argue that in order to find the explicit form of the Hamiltonian it is natural to start with the general nonlinear massive gravity action [S. F. Hassan and R. A. Rosen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 041101 (2012), arXiv:1106.3344 [hep-th]]. We perform the complete Hamiltonian analysis of the Stuckelberg form of the minimal the nonlinear gravity action in this formulation and show that the constraint structure is so rich that it is possible to eliminate nonphysical modes. Then, we extend this analysis to the case of the general nonlinear massive gravity action. We find the corresponding Hamiltonian and collection of the primary constraints. Unfortunately we are not able to finish the complete analysis of the stability of all constraints due to the complex form of one primary constraint so that we are not able to determine the conditions under which given constraint is preserved during the time evolution of the system.
Bullet Cluster: Remarkable Revelations and Enduring Insights -- Part I

This study unveils new insights into the Bullet Cluster through cm-wave observations made with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, focusing on the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect (SZE). A novel SZE feature was discovered, distinctively offset from the X-ray brightness peak, challenging conventional associations between such phenomena. The findings, achieved through high-resolution interferometric imaging, reveal complex substructures within the SZE, including significantly displaced components uncorrelated with X-ray, optical, or lensing maps. This deviation underscores the complexity within the cluster's dynamics and suggests that detailed, high-resolution SZE imaging is crucial for understanding the physics of merging clusters. We perform several tests to ensure that one of these novel and unusual features is indeed real, and that the detection of all features in the images is robust. In addition to these displacements, we find several SZE features that are tentatively located at critical boundaries in this merging cluster - these features will be discussed in the next few papers in this series. These observations pave the way for more sophisticated analyses, combining SZE and X-ray data, to decode the evolutionary mysteries of cosmic structures like the Bullet Cluster. We note here that we are discussing only one novel and peculiar feature in the observations of the cluster done in the year 2019. Further observations have revealed more features, which we shall discuss in the next few papers in this series on the Bullet cluster.
Gelatin Nanoparticles for Complexation and Enhanced Cellular Delivery of mRNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is increasingly gaining interest as a modality in vaccination and protein replacement therapy. In regenerative medicine, the mRNA-mediated expression of growth factors has shown promising results. In contrast to protein delivery, successful mRNA delivery requires a vector to induce cellular uptake and subsequent endosomal escape to reach its end destination, the ribosome. Current non-viral vectors such as lipid- or polymer-based nanoparticles have been successfully used to express mRNA-encoded proteins. However, to advance the use of mRNA in regenerative medicine, it is required to assess the compatibility of mRNA with biomaterials that are typically applied in this field. Herein, we investigated the complexation, cellular uptake and maintenance of the integrity of mRNA complexed with gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs). To this end, GNPs with positive, neutral or negative surface charge were synthesized to assess their ability to bind and transport mRNA into cells. Positively charged GNPs exhibited the highest binding affinity and transported substantial amounts of mRNA into pre-osteoblastic cells, as assessed by confocal microscopy using fluorescently labeled mRNA. Furthermore, the GNP-bound mRNA remained stable. However, no expression of mRNA-encoded protein was detected, which is likely related to insufficient endosomal escape and/or mRNA release from the GNPs. Our results indicate that gelatin-based nanomaterials interact with mRNA in a charge-dependent manner and also mediate cellular uptake. These results create the basis for the incorporation of further functionality to yield endosomal release.
QUALITIES OF SEQUENTIAL CHROMOSPHERIC BRIGHTENINGS OBSERVED IN Hα AND UV IMAGES

Chromospheric flare ribbons observed in Hα appear well-organized when first examined: ribbons impulsively brighten, morphologically evolve, and exponentially decay back to pre-flare levels. Upon closer inspection of the Hα flares, there is often a significant number of compact areas brightening in concert with the flare eruption but are spatially separated from the evolving flare ribbon. One class of these brightenings is known as sequential chromospheric brightenings (SCBs). SCBs are often observed in the immediate vicinity of erupting flares and are associated with coronal mass ejections. In the past decade there have been several previous investigations of SCBs. These studies have exclusively relied upon Hα images to discover and analyze these ephemeral brightenings. This work employs the automated detection algorithm of Kirk et al. to extract the physical qualities of SCBs in observations of ground-based Hα images and complementary Atmospheric Imaging Assembly images in He ii, C iv, and 1700 Å. The metadata produced in this tracking process are then culled using complementary Doppler velocities to isolate three distinguishable types of SCBs. From a statistical analysis, we find that the SCBs at the chromospheric Hα layer appear earlier and last longer than their corresponding signatures measured in AIA. From this multi-layer analysis, we infer that SCBs are spatially constrained to the mid-chromosphere. We also derive an energy budget to explain SCBs which have a postulated energy of not more than 0.01% of the total flare energy.
Effective Field Theories of QCD for Heavy Quarkonia at Finite Temperature

Quarkonia represent one of the most important probes in the experimental investigation, through heavy-ion collisions, of the quark-gluon plasma. Such bound states were hypothesized to dissociate in this plasma due to the screening of the colour charges and experimental data (SPS, RHIC and LHC) indeed show a suppression pattern. In this thesis we extend the well-established and successful zero temperature framework of Non-Relativistic (NR) Effective Field Theories (EFTs) (NRQCD, pNRQCD) for the study of heavy quarkonia (production, spectroscopy, decays, .) to finite temperatures. This is achieved by integrating out in sequence the scales that characterize a NR bound state and those that are typical of a thermal medium, in the possible hierarchies that are relevant for quarkonia in the quark-gluon plasma.
Selection Trigger for Rare Quark-Gluon Plasma Formation Events

We consider the experimental ratios of multistrange to strange antibaryon production and compare them to the standard Quark-Gluon String Model predictions. The significant differences between the experimental bar(Xi)+/bar(Lambda) and, especially, bar(Omega)+/bar(Lambda) values and model predictions can be interpreted as the signal of the existence of an additional source of multistrange antibaryon production. The possible connection of this additional source with Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) formation can turn the bar(Omega)+ production into a good QGP signature.
Photon-neutrino interaction in θ-exact covariant noncommutative field theory

Photon-neutrino interactions arise quite naturally in noncommutative field theories. Such couplings are absent in ordinary field theory and imply experimental lower bounds on the energy scale ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\mathrm{NC}}\ensuremath{\sim}|\ensuremath{\theta}{|}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ of noncommutativity. Using nonperturbative methods and a Seiberg-Witten map based covariant approach to noncommutative gauge theory, we obtain $\ensuremath{\theta}$-exact expressions for the interactions, thereby eliminating previous restrictions to low-energy phenomena. We discuss implications for plasmon decay, neutrino charge radii, big bang nucleosynthesis, and ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. Our results behave reasonably throughout all interaction energy scales, thus facilitating further phenomenological applications.
Beautiful environment, beautiful heart–The role of environmental aesthetic on moral education

ABSTRACT Aestheticians pointed out that the long immersion in the beautiful environment plays an important role on the moral education. The research mainly tested the opinion and examined the influence of the environmental aesthetics on moral behaviours and immoral behaviours. Meanwhile, we also further explored the possible pathways for environmental aesthetics influencing moral education, the mediating role of moral disengagement. We invited 334 junior high school students to complete relevant questionnaires. The results found that the higher environmental aesthetics, the lower moral disengagement, and further the higher moral behaviours (the number of donations) and the lower immoral behaviours (lying behaviours). The results also found that the mediating role of moral disengagement in the relationship between environment aesthetics and immoral behaviours. But the moral disengagement didn’t play a mediating role in the relation between environmental aesthetics and moral behaviours. These results demonstrated the effect of environmental aesthetics on moral education.
Granger's Representation Theorem: A Closed-Form Expression for /(1) Processes

The Granger representation theorem states that a cointegrated vector autoregressive process can be decomposed into four components: a random walk, a stationary process, a deterministic part, and a term that depends on the initial values. In this paper, we present a new proof of the theorem. This proof enables us to derive closed-form expressions of all terms of the representation and allows a unified treatment of models with different deterministic specifications. The applicability of our results is illustrated by examples. For example, the closed-form expressions are useful for impulse response analyses and facilitate the analysis of cointegration models with structural changes. Copyright 2005 Royal Economic Society
Random transverse field Ising model on the Cayley tree: analysis via boundary strong disorder renormalization

Strong disorder renormalization for the random transverse field Ising model leads to a complicated topology of surviving clusters as soon as d > 1. Even if one starts from a Cayley tree, the network of surviving renormalized clusters will contain loops, so that no analytical solution can be obtained. Here we introduce a modified procedure called ‘boundary strong disorder renormalization’ that preserves the tree structure, so that one can write simple recursions with respect to the number of generations. We first show that this modified procedure allows one to recover exactly most of the critical exponents for the one-dimensional chain. After this important check, we study the RG equations for the quantum Ising model on a Cayley tree with a uniform ferromagnetic coupling J and random transverse fields with support [hmin,hmax]. We find the following picture: (i) for J > hmax, only bonds are decimated, so that the whole tree is a quantum ferromagnetic cluster; (ii) for J < hmin, only sites are decimated, so that no quantum ferromagnetic cluster is formed, and the ferromagnetic coupling to the boundary coincides with the partition function of a directed polymer model in a random medium; (iii) for hmin < J < hmax, both sites and bonds can be decimated, and the quantum ferromagnetic clusters can either remain finite (the physics is then similar to (ii), with a quantitative mapping to a modified directed polymer model) or an infinite quantum ferromagnetic cluster appears. We find that the quantum transition can be of two types: (a) either the quantum transition takes place in the region where quantum ferromagnetic clusters remain finite, and the singularity of the ferromagnetic coupling to the boundary involves the typical correlation length exponent νtyp = 1; (b) or the quantum transition takes place at the point where an extensive quantum ferromagnetic cluster appears, with a correlation length exponent ν ≃ 0.75.
Robust output regulation and the preservation of polynomial closed‐loop stability

In this paper, we study the robust output regulation problem for distributed parameter systems with infinite‐dimensional exosystems. The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the several advantages of using a controller that achieves polynomial closed‐loop stability, instead of a one stabilizing the closed‐loop system strongly. In particular, the most serious unresolved issue related to strongly stabilizing controllers is that they do not possess any known robustness properties. In this paper, we apply recent results on the robustness of polynomial stability of semigroups to show that, on the other hand, many controllers achieving polynomial closed‐loop stability are robust with respect to large and easily identifiable classes of perturbations to the parameters of the plant. We construct an observer based feedback controller that stabilizes the closed‐loop system polynomially and solves the robust output regulation problem. Subsequently, we derive concrete conditions for finite rank perturbations of the plant's parameters to preserve the closed‐loop stability and the output regulation property. The theoretical results are illustrated with an example where we consider the problem of robust output tracking for a one‐dimensional heat equation.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Application of Progressive HR Tools in the Environment of Slovak Enterprises

In the context of developments influenced by digitalization, as well as the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, and not most minor changes in employee demands on the working environment across all generations, new tools and concepts are being developed in the field of people management in order to sustain competitiveness. The main objective of the paper is to present results of research focused on a specific analysis of applying modern human resource management tools in entities operating in Slovakia with a focus on the maintenance and growth potential of their competitiveness in the European economic area. To meet this objective, particular data obtained through a questionnaire survey were statistically processed and 841 enterprises were contacted. Elements of playful principles (gamification), used in various human resource management tools, bring a positive effect both in saving resources and in qualitative outputs, which was the purpose of the research focus on identifying the existence of the so-called “aha effect”. Evaluations of formulated hypotheses as well as determination of whether there is a statistically significant dependence between the actual application in the enterprises and the degree of importance for their future in relation to individual tools and concepts in human resource management were carried out with the use of Spearman’s correlation test. The research results show that there is a strong positive and statistically significant dependence between the actual application of the analyzed tools and concepts in the enterprises and the perceived degree of their importance for the future competitiveness of the enterprises.