Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Observations of CO and Free–Free Emission in Ultraluminous Infrared QSO IRAS F07599+6508

Infrared quasi-stellar objects (IR QSOs) are a rare subpopulation selected from ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and have been regarded as promising candidates of ULIRG-to-optical QSO transition objects. Here we present NOEMA observations of the CO (1−0) line and 3 mm continuum emission in IR QSO IRAS F07599+6508 at z = 0.1486, which has many properties in common with Mrk 231. The CO emission is found to be resolved with a major axis of ∼6.1 kpc that is larger than the size of ∼4.0 kpc derived for 3 mm continuum. We identify two faint CO features located at a projected distance of ∼11.4 and 19.1 kpc from the galaxy nucleus, both of which are found to have counterparts in the optical and radio bands and may have a merger origin. A systematic velocity gradient is found in the CO main component, suggesting that the bulk of molecular gas is likely rotationally supported. Based on the radio-to-millimeter spectral energy distribution and IR data, we estimate that about 30% of the flux at 3 mm arises from free–free emission and infer a free–free-derived star formation rate of 77 M ⊙ yr−1, close to the IR estimate corrected for the AGN contribution. We find a high-velocity CO emission feature at the velocity range of about −1300 to −2000 km s−1. Additional deep CO observations are needed to confirm the presence of a possible very high velocity CO extension of the OH outflow in this IR QSO.
Conjecture of TxGraffiti: Independence, domination, and matchings

TxGraffiti is an automated conjecturing program that produces graph theoretic conjectures in the form of conjectured inequalities. This program written and maintained by the second author since 2017 was inspired by the successes of previous automated conjecturing programs including Fajtlowicz's GRAFFITI and DeLaVina's GRAFFITI.pc. In this paper we prove and generalize several conjectures generated by TxGraffiti when it was prompted to conjecture on the \emph{independence number}, the \emph{domination number}, and the \emph{matching number} (and generalizations of each of these graph invariants). Moreover, in several instances we also show the proposed inequalities relating these graph invariants are sharp.
Inference of Recyclable Objects with Convolutional Neural Networks

Population growth in the last decades has resulted in the production of about 2.01 billion tons of municipal waste per year. The current waste management systems are not capable of providing adequate solutions for the disposal and use of these wastes. Recycling and reuse have proven to be a solution to the problem, but large-scale waste segregation is a tedious task and on a small scale it depends on public awareness. This research used convolutional neural networks and computer vision to develop a tool for the automation of solid waste sorting. The Fotini10k dataset was constructed, which has more than 10,000 images divided into the categories of 'plastic bottles', 'aluminum cans' and 'paper and cardboard'. ResNet50, MobileNetV1 and MobileNetV2 were retrained with ImageNet weights on the Fotini10k dataset. As a result, top-1 accuracy of 99% was obtained in the test dataset with all three networks. To explore the possible use of these networks in mobile applications, the three nets were quantized in float16 weights. By doing so, it was possible to obtain inference times twice as low for Raspberry Pi and three times as low for computer processing units. It was also possible to reduce the size of the networks by half. When quantizing the top-1 accuracy of 99% was maintained with all three networks. When quantizing MobileNetV2 to int-8, it obtained a top-1 accuracy of 97%.
Numerical exploration of first-order relativistic hydrodynamics

We present the first numerical solutions of the causal, stable relativistic Navier-Stokes equations as formulated by Bemfica, Disconzi, Noronha, and Kovtun (BDNK). For this initial investigation we restrict to plane-symmetric configurations of a conformal fluid in Minkowski spacetime. We consider evolution of three classes of initial data: a smooth (initially) stationary concentration of energy, a standard shock tube setup, and a smooth shockwave setup. We compare these solutions to those obtained with a code based on the Müller-Israel-Stewart (MIS) formalism, variants of which are the common tools used today to model relativistic, viscous fluids. We find that for the two smooth initial data cases, simple finite difference methods are adequate to obtain stable, convergent solutions to the BDNK equations. For low viscosity, the MIS and BDNK evolutions show good agreement. At high viscosity the solutions begin to differ in regions with large gradients, and there the BDNK solutions can (as expected) exhibit violation of the weak energy condition. This behavior is transient, and the solutions evolve toward a hydrodynamic regime in a way reminiscent of an approach to a universal attractor. For the shockwave problem, we give evidence that if a hydrodynamic frame is chosen so that the maximum characteristic speed of the BDNK system is the speed of light (or larger), arbitrarily strong shockwaves are smoothly resolved. Regarding the shock tube problem, it is unclear whether discontinuous initial data is mathematically well-posed for the BDNK system, even in a weak sense. Nevertheless we attempt numerical solution, and then need to treat the perfect fluid terms using high-resolution shock-capturing (HRSC) methods. When such methods can successfully evolve the solution beyond the initial time, subsequent evolution agrees with corresponding MIS solutions, as well as the perfect fluid solution in the limit of zero viscosity.
Tactile-RL for Insertion: Generalization to Objects of Unknown Geometry

Object insertion is a classic contact-rich manipulation task. The task remains challenging, especially when considering general objects of unknown geometry, which significantly limits the ability to understand the contact configuration between the object and the environment. We study the problem of aligning the object and environment with a tactile-based feedback insertion policy. The insertion process is modeled as an episodic policy that iterates between insertion attempts followed by pose corrections. We explore different mechanisms to learn such a policy based on Reinforcement Learning. The key contribution of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to learn a tactile insertion policy that generalizes across different object geometries, and an ablation study of the key design choices for the learning agent: 1) the type of learning scheme: supervised vs. reinforcement learning; 2) the type of learning schedule: unguided vs. curriculum learning ; 3) the type of sensing modality: force/torque vs. tactile; and 4) the type of tactile representation: tactile RGB vs. tactile flow. We show that the optimal configuration of the learning agent (RL + curriculum + tactile flow) exposed to 4 training objects yields an closed-loop insertion policy that inserts 4 novel objects with over 85.0% success rate and within 3~4 consecutive attempts. Comparisons between F/T and tactile sensing, shows that while an F/T-based policy learns more efficiently, a tactile-based policy provides better generalization. See supplementary video and results at https://sites.google. com/view/tactileinsertion.
Learning Transferable Kinematic Dictionary for 3D Human Pose and Shape Reconstruction

Estimating 3D human pose and shape from a single image is highly under-constrained. To address this ambiguity, we propose a novel prior, namely kinematic dictionary, which explicitly regularizes the solution space of relative 3D rotations of human joints in the kinematic tree. Integrated with a statistical human model and a deep neural network, our method achieves end-to-end 3D reconstruction without the need of using any shape annotations during the training of neural networks. The kinematic dictionary bridges the gap between in-the-wild images and 3D datasets, and thus facilitates end-to-end training across all types of datasets. The proposed method achieves competitive results on large-scale datasets including Human3.6M, MPI-INF-3DHP, and LSP, while running in real-time given the human bounding boxes.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) on TimeSeries Data: A Survey

Most of state of the art methods applied on time series consist of deep learning methods that are too complex to be interpreted. This lack of interpretability is a major drawback, as several applications in the real world are critical tasks, such as the medical field or the autonomous driving field. The explainability of models applied on time series has not gather much attention compared to the computer vision or the natural language processing fields. In this paper, we present an overview of existing explainable AI (XAI) methods applied on time series and illustrate the type of explanations they produce. We also provide a reflection on the impact of these explanation methods to provide confidence and trust in the AI systems.
Particle acceleration around rotating Einstein-Born-Infeld black hole and plasma effect on gravitational lensing

We consider a time-like geodesics in the background of rotating Einstein-Born-Infeld (EBI) black hole to examine the horizon and ergosphere structure. The effective potential that governs the particle's motion in the spacetime and the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) is also studied. A qualitative analysis is conducted to find the redshifted ultrahigh centre-of-mass (CM) energy as a result of a two-particle collision specifically near the horizon. The recent Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) triggered a surge of interest in strong gravitational lensing by black holes, which provide a new tool comparing the black hole lensing in general relativity and alternate gravity theories. Motivated by this, we also discussed both strong and weak-field gravitational lensing in the space-time discretely for a uniform plasma and a singular isothermal sphere. We calculated the light deflection coefficients $\bar{a}$ and $\bar{b}$ in the strong field limits, and their variance with the rotational parameter $a$ for different plasma frequency as well as in vacuum. For EBI black holes, we found that plasma's presence increases the photon sphere radius, the deflection angle, the deflection coefficients $\bar{a}$, $\bar{b}$, the angular positions and the angular separation between the relativistic images. For extreme black holes, the strong gravitational effects in the homogenous plasma are similar to those of in a vacuum. We investigate strong gravitational lensing effects by supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87*. Considering rotating EBI black holes as the lens, we find the angular position of images for Sgr A* and M87* and observe that the deviations of the angular position from that of the analogous Kerr black hole are not more than $2.44~\mu$as for Sgr A* and $1.83~\mu$as for M87*, which are unlikely to get resolved by the current EHT observations.
Colloid stabilization with grafted polyelectrolytes

The structure of a surface with a fairly dense array of polyelectrolytes end-grafted to it is considered. A simple theory for the scaling properties of the corona thickness, counterion distribution, and disjoining pressure between opposing layers is presented which makes contact with previous numerical studies. It is shown that by distributing the charges on a macromolecules the interlayer force is considerably less sensitive to Debye screening by added electrolytes. The flat layer studies are extended to the case of small (spherical) colloidal particles
Vacuum Surface Flashover Characteristics and Secondary Electron Emission Characteristics of Epoxy Resin and FRP Insulator

Neutral beam injectors (NBI) used for JT-60 are required to generate negative ions of 500 keV energies. To produce such high-energy ions, the electrostatic accelerators consisting of 3-stage of electrodes and three insulator rings are applied. The insulators are made of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) which is composed of epoxy resin and glass fibers. The surface discharges along the insulators are one of the most serious problems in the development of NBI. To increase the hold-off voltage against surface flashover events, it is necessary to investigate the FRP and epoxy resin insulator properties related to surface discharges in vacuum. This paper describes surface flashover characteristics for epoxy resin, FRP and Alumina samples under vacuum condition. In addition, the measurements of secondary electron emission (SEE) characteristics are also reported. These are important parameters to analyze surface discharge characteristics of insulators in vacuum.
Studies on the thermal decomposition of basic lead(II) carbonate by Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis

The thermal decomposition of basic lead(II) carbonate 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2 in static air under atmospheric conditions has been studied for the first time using a combination of thermoanalytical, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic techniques. New intermediate compounds of the type 4PbCO3·3PbO and PbCO3 have been observed in addition to previously reported ones of the type 2PbCO3·PbO, PbCO3·PbO and PbCO3·2PbO. Post-decomposition studies have identified the presence of the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition in PbO. Results are also presented for the decomposition processes in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres. Oxidative decomposition studies have shown that Pb3O4 forms in oxygen and in flowing air.
Digestibility and nitrogen retention in Mong Cai pigs fed sugar palm (Borassus flabiller) juice and fresh water fish ensiled with rice bran and sugar palm syrup

The present study aimed at testing different combinations of sugar palm syrup and cassava root as additives for ensiling fresh water fish and to determine the nutritive value for pigs of the fish silage. Small fish were mixed with rice bran (65% fresh fish, 30% rice bran) and six combinations of sugar palm syrup and chopped fresh cassava root (4.5 and 0.00; 3.6 and 1.1; 2.7 and 2.1; 1.8 and 3.1; 0.9 and 4.2; 0.00 and 5.2%, respectively. The mixtures were placed in plastic bottles, which were sealed hermetically after pressing the contents to remove air. There were 4 replicates for each sampling time at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after ensiling. Larger quantities (about 9 kg) of the same mixtures were ensiled for 14 days and fed as a supplement to diluted (40 Brix) sugar palm syrup. Four Mong Cai male pigs were allocated to the six diets. The sugar palm syrup and the fish silages were mixed in the ratio of 64: 36 (fresh basis) and fed ad libitum. The pH of the mixtures was in the range of 6.3 to 6.5 before ensiling and had fallen to 4.5 to 5.0 after ensiling for five days, remaining stable until 30 days. The average pH measured at 5-day intervals between 5 and 30 days was 4.51 for the silage with the highest proportion of palm syrup (4.5%) and was lower than for all the other silages (range of 4.96 to5.06). All the silages were well preserved as indicated by the smell and absence of spoilage. There was no apparent effect of the different proportions of the additives (palm syrup and chopped fresh cassava root) on the apparent digestibility of dry matter and of nitrogen, or on nitrogen retention. The high values for apparent digestibility of nitrogen (range 80 to 88%) and nitrogen retention (range of 36 to 54% of nitrogen intake) indicate that the method of conservation had retained the nutritive value of the original material. It is concluded that ensiling small freshwater fish with rice bran (50% of the fresh weight of the fish) and either sugar palm syrup syrup (7% of the
Optimization and Kinetic Studies of Nickel Treatment in the Electroplating Effluent with Activated Carbon Prepared from Rice Husk

Abstract The study was aimed at investigating the optimization and kinetic modelling of data in the treatment of nickel contained in the electroplating effluent with activated carbon prepared from rice husk in a batch operation. The initial Ni (II) ion concentration in the effluent was found to be in the range of (10–50 mg/L). Values of pH (4–8), adsorbent dosage (0.3–0.9 g) and temperature (30–70°C) were chosen as the process variables for optimization. A 5 level 4 variable central composite design was used to evaluate the effects of these parameters on the adsorption of Ni (II) ions on activated carbon prepared from rice husk (ACRH). After the process of optimization, it was seen that there was significant interaction among the process variables studied. Pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra-particle diffusion models were used to test the kinetic data. The rate controlling parameter and effective diffusion coefficient were calculated using the Reichenberg plot. Particle and film diffusion turned out to be the rate determining steps at lower and higher concentrations of Ni (II) solution respectively.
PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT BASED ON POLARIZATION CHARGE IN POLYCRYSTALLINE Pb(ZrTi)O3 FILM

ABSTRACT A steady-state short-circuit photocurrent across polycrystalline Pb(ZrTi)O3(PZT) film is found to be directed opposite to ferroelectric polarization, defined by the magnitude of polarization, but it is not the depolarization current of the ferroelectric. To explain this, the authors assume that Pt/PZT/Ir capacitor consists of PZT grains and semiconductor PbO phase segregated on PZT grain boundaries and forming conducting channels. In such medium, uncompensated polarization charge can arise at the PZT/PbO interface and generate the electric field acting on carriers in PbO channels, thus producing the photocurrent across the film. The relation between the polarization charge and electric field is considered.
Evaluating TCE Abiotic and Biotic Degradation Pathways in a Permeable Reactive Barrier Using Compound Specific Isotope Analysis

A pilot‐scale zero valent iron (ZVI) Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) was installed using an azimuth‐controlled ‐vertical hydrofracturing at an industrial facility to treat a chlorinated Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) plume. Following ZVI injection, no significant reduction in concentration was observed to occur with the exception of some multilevel monitoring wells, which also showed high levels of total organic carbon (TOC). These patterns suggested that the zero valent iron was not well distributed in the PRB creating leaky conditions. The geochemical data indicated reducing conditions in these areas where VOC reduction was observed, suggesting that biotic processes, associated to the guar used in the injection of the iron, could be a major mechanism of VOC degradation. Compound‐Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) using both carbon and chlorine stable isotopes were used as a complementary tool for evaluating the contribution of abiotic and biotic processes to VOC trends in the vicinity of the PRB. The isotopic data showed enriched isotope values around the PRB compared to the isotope composition of the VOC source confirming that VOC degradation is occurring along the PRB. A batch experiment using site groundwater collected near the VOC source and the ZVI used in the PRB was performed to evaluate the site‐specific abiotic isotopic fractionation patterns. Field isotopic trends, typical of biodegradations were observed at the site and were different from those obtained during the batch abiotic experiment. These differences in isotopic trends combined with changes in VOC concentrations and redox parameters suggested that biotic processes are the predominant pathways involved in the degradation of VOCs in the vicinity of the PRB.
Changes in shrinkage of restored soil caused by compaction beneath heavy agricultural machinery

Compaction is a major cause of soil degradation. It affects not only the porosity of the soil, but also the soil’s hydrostructural stability. Soil that is restored after temporary removal is particularly sensitive to compaction. We investigated the effects of trafficking with a heavy combine harvester on the shrinkage behaviour of a restored soil that had been gently cultivated for several years. We tested the hypothesis that compaction decreases the hydrostructural stability of restored soil by analysing simultaneously measured shrinkage and water retention curves of undisturbed soil samples. Shrinkage strongly depended on clay and organic carbon content. Taking account of this influence and normalizing the shrinkage parameters with respect to these soil properties, we found pronounced effects of trafficking on shrinkage. Ten passes with the combine harvester decreased the structural porosity by about 40% at maximum swelling and by about 30% at the shrinkage limit and increased the bulk density by 8% at maximum swelling and by 10% at the shrinkage limit, but did not significantly affect the porosity of the soil plasma. Moreover, trafficking modified shrinkage, increasing the slopes of the shrinkage curve in the basic and structural shrinkage domains by about 30% and more than 150% after 10 passes, respectively. Evidently the aggregate structure was strongly destabilized. The results indicate that the hydrostructural stability of the soil was still very sensitive to compaction by trafficking even 5 years after restoration. The analysis of shrinkage seemed well suited for the assessment of compaction effects on soil structure.
Mechanism of the Conductivity in Spinel Type Fast Lithium Ion Conductors Li2MIICl4 — Neutron Diffraction of Li1.6Cu0.4MnCl4 and Li0.6Na1.4MnCl4

Neutron diffraction studies of the spinel type quaternary chlorides Li 1.6 Cu 0.4 MnCl 4 and Li 0.6 Na 1.4 MnCl 4 at elevated temperatures are presented. The final R 1 were 4.05 (100 o C) and 9.12% (410 o C), respectively. The cation distribution, i.e., (Li 0.6 Cu 0.4 )[LiMn]Cl 4 and (Li 0.1 )[Li 0.5 Na 1.4 Mn]Cl 4 , and the great Frenkel disorder of the tetrahedrally coordinated ions to the interstitial octahedral 16c sites are discussed with respect to the mechanism of the conduction process in these fast lithium ion conductors
Vibrational modes and structure of rare earth halide alkali halide binary melts - YBr3-ABr (A=Li, K, Cs) and YF3-KF

Raman spectra of the following binary molten salt systems have been measured: (a) YBr 3 –ABr (A = Li, K, Cs) at temperatures up to 920 °C and at different compositions; (b) YF 3 –KF at temperatures up to 1000 °C and compositions up to 50% YF 3 . The spectral changes occurring upon melting of Cs 2 NaYBr 6 , YBr 3 and K 3 YF 6 crystalline compounds were also measured. The data indicate that, in mixtures rich in alkali halide, YX 6 3− (X = F, Br) octahedra are the predominant species giving rise to two main bands P 1 (polarized) and D 1 (depolarized) which are assigned as follows: (a) YBr 6 3- , P 1 = 156 cm −1 , ν 1 (A 1g ) and D 1 = 78 cm −1 , ν 5 (F 2g ); and (b) YF 6 3− , P 1 = 445 cm −1 , ν 1 (A 1g ) and D 1 = 225 cm −1 , ν 5 (F 2g ). In molten mixtures rich in YBr 3 in addition to the P 1 and D 1 bands a new depolarized D 2 (ca. 210 cm −1 ) and a strong new polarized P 2 band appear in the spectra. The P 2 band shifts from ca. 200 cm −1 to ca. 250 cm −1 with increasing YBr 3 content. The presence of these four bands and their polarization characteristics suggest that the predominant vibrational modes in the YBr 3 -rich mixtures are due to a close C 3ν pyramidal like ‘unit’ arising from the D 3 distortions of the YBr 6 3− octahedra bound by edges in the melt. This behaviour, as well as the spectral changes upon melting YBr 3 , supports the view that the structure of pure molten YBr 3 consists of edge-sharing distorted octahedra. The molten fluoride mixtures YF 3 –KF at composition X YF3 > 0.25 also show four bands, two depolarized at ca. 240 cm −1 (D 1 ), ca. 370 cm −1 (D 2 ) and two overlapping polarized bands at ca. 440 cm −1 (P 1 ), ca. 460 cm −1 (P 2 ). Finally, the trends of the YX 3 –KX spectra on going from the bromide to chloride to fluoride melts suggest that pure molten YF 3 is likely to possess a loose ‘network’ structure of edge-bridged distorted octahedra as in the case of molten YCl 3 and YBr 3 .