Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explicit and implicit knowledge of English tenses of primary school EFL learners in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The linguistic knowledge of foreign language learners appears to be partly implicit and partly explicit. Learners rely on implicit knowledge when involved in spontaneous everyday com- munication, while explicit knowledge enables them to reflect on language structures and reco- gnise or use metalanguage. The present study investigated the explicit and implicit foreign language learners’ knowledge of English tenses in the Bosnian context at the end of the first educational cycle, i.e., primary school, by means of a metalinguistic test, an untimed gram- maticality judgement test and an elicited imitation test. The study aimed at exploring the var- iability in the quantity and quality of EFL learners’ knowledge and the relationship between different types of knowledge based on three factors, namely gender, average grade, and start- ing age. While revealing quite limited knowledge of the target structures, the findings showed no significant difference between explicit and implicit knowledge, while the correlation co- efficients between them were relatively high. Out of the three factors, a three-way ANOVA showed that only average grade proved to have a significant main effect on EFL knowledge. The interaction effect of gender and grade was significant on the participants’ overall EFL knowledge and their explicit knowledge, whereas a significant interaction effect of all three factors was confirmed only on explicit knowledge.
An Evaluation of Telepractice use During the Covid-19 Pandemic for the Treatment of Speech and Language Disorders in Belgium

The aim of this article was to evaluate the sudden implementation of telepractice in Belgium during the COVID-19 pandemic. A 38-question survey was completed by 1,222 Dutch-speaking speech-language pathologists (SLPs) from Belgium. Most reported good or very good satisfaction with telepractice and that telepractice can be effectively used with clients of different ages and speech disorders with or without comorbidity. The SLPs reported when telepractice could be used most effectively. They also detailed their difficulties with both technology and client-related issues. Limitations when switching to telepractice included a lack of training and experience, and digital materials.
Optimal Extraction of Fibre Optic Spectroscopy

Abstract We report an optimal extraction methodology, for the reduction of multi-object fibre spectroscopy data, operating in the regime of tightly packed (and hence significantly overlapping) fibre profiles. The routine minimises crosstalk between adjacent fibres and statistically weights the extraction to reduce noise. As an example of the process we use simulations of the numerous modes of operation of the AAOmega fibre spectrograph and observational data from the SPIRAL Integral Field Unit at the Anglo-Australian Telescope.
Workplace Discrimination and Employee Commitment in Rivers State Civil Service, Nigeria

The study investigated the nexus between workplace discrimination and employee commitment in the Rivers State Civil Service. A sample of 349 was determined from a population of 3791 Civil Servants in the Rivers State Civil Service. Data for the study was obtained through the utilization of a questionnaire. The Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient was used in analyzing the data with the aid of SPSS. The results indicated a significant but negative correlations among the dimensions of workplace discrimination and measures of employee commitment. This means that, to improve the level of commitment among employees, all forms of discrimination must be discouraged. It was therefore recommended, that the Civil Service Commission should formulate and implement policies that will foster peaceful co-existence among workers, and also ensure that discrimination is reduced to the barest minimum. Keywords: workplace discrimination, employee commitment, employee productivity, absenteeism.
A Study of the Elastodynamic Problem by Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin Method Using the Laplace-Transform

The Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) with Laplace transform is used for solving partial differential equation. Local weak form is developed using the weighted residual method locally from the dynamic partial differential equation and using the moving least square (MLS) method to construct shape function. This method is a more effective alternative than the finite element method for computer modelling and simulation of problems in engineering; however, the accuracy of the present method depends on a number of parameters deriving from local weak form and different subdomains. In this paper, the meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) formulation is proposed for forced vibration analysis. First, the results are presented for different values of as, and aq with regular distribution of nodes nt=55. After, the results are presented with fixed values of as and aq for different time-step.
SHARDS: A GLOBAL VIEW OF THE STAR FORMATION ACTIVITY AT z ∼ 0.84 and z ∼ 1.23

In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at intermediate redshifts (z ∼ 1). We combine the ultra-deep optical spectro-photometric data from the Survey for High-z Absorption Red and Dead Sources (SHARDS) with deep UV-to-FIR observations in the GOODS-N field. Exploiting two of the 25 SHARDS medium-band filters, F687W17 and F823W17, we select [O ii] emission line galaxies at z ∼ 0.84 and z ∼ 1.23 and characterize their physical properties. Their rest-frame equivalent widths (EWrf([O ii])), line fluxes, luminosities, star formation rates (SFRs), and dust attenuation properties are investigated. The evolution of EWrf([O ii]) closely follows the SFR density evolution of the universe, with a trend of EWrf([O ii]) ∝ ? > (1 + z)3 up to redshift z ≃ 1, followed by a possible flattening. The SF properties of the galaxies selected on the basis of their [O ii] emission are compared with complementary samples of SFGs selected by their MIR and FIR emission, and also with a general mass-selected sample of galaxies at the same redshifts. We demonstrate observationally that the UVJ diagram (or, similarly, a cut in the specific SFR) is only partially able to distinguish the quiescent galaxies from the SFGs. The SFR–M* relation is investigated for the different samples, yielding a logarithmic slope ∼1, in good agreement with previous results. The dust attenuations derived from different SFR indicators (UV(1600), UV(2800), [O ii], IR) are compared and show clear trends with respect to both the stellar mass and total SFR, with more massive and highly star-forming galaxies being affected by stronger dust attenuation.
The effect of classroom activities on students’ interest and career aspirations towards technology

Many countries implement mandatory technology classes in the secondary education curriculum in the hope of stimulating students’ interest and career aspirations in the field of technology However, there is still a need for empirical studies on how teachers and their classroom activities could enhance interest in technological vocations. This paper focusses on the different effects of classroom activities on boys’ and girls’ interest and career aspirations towards technology. Students (n = 2228) from 20 different schools participated in this study. The effects of different classroom activities were explored: interaction, hands-on activities, student investigations, and applications in technology. A factor analysis of the items enhanced the composition of the four factors. The results of the multi-level analyses indicate that some activities are more effective than others, and this effect is different for boys and girls.
Response of soil phytolith occluded organic carbon accumulation to long‐term vegetation restoration in Southwest China karst

Aboveground vegetation can significantly affect soil PhytOC (phytolith occluded organic carbon) accumulation. To clarify the response of soil PhytOC accumulation to long‐term vegetation restoration in Southwest China karst, the four typical vegetation restoration engineering types of tree, shrub, vine forest, and grassland construction including seven species planting measures carried out 28–31 years ago were selected as study objects. And studies on their effects on soil PhytOC content and storage were conducted. Results showed that long‐term vegetation restorations obviously increased soil PhytOC accumulation and changed the proportion of soil PhytOC to total soil organic carbon. Among the different engineering types or species planting measures of vegetation restoration, there were significant or extremely significant differences in effects on soil PhytOC accumulation. Among the four types of restoration engineering, the tree forest construction had the best increase effect on soil PhytOC accumulation. And among the seven kinds of planting measures, the increased effect on soil PhytOC accumulation of Tectona grandis ('teak' an angiosperm tree species) planting was the highest. Vegetation biomass and litters were the key influencing factors on soil PhytOC accumulation. Soil C:P and N:P had significant effects on soil PhytOC accumulation by changing aboveground vegetation biomass and litters. Human activities could significantly change soil PhytOC content and storage, and reducing human activities of tilling and harvesting would be beneficial to soil PhytOC accumulation. The present results not only provided scientific bases for the vegetation rehabilitation of increasing soil PhytOC accumulation in outhwest China karst but also were great of significance in promoting stable soil C sequestration of the global terrestrial ecosystems.
Pengaruh brand ambassador dan brand image terhadap keputusan pembelian di shopee dengan mediasi brand awareness

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui brand ambassador dan brand image terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan brand awareness sebagai variabel intervening studi pada mahasiswa fakultas ekonomi & bisnis universitas harapan medan. Desain penelitian regressi linier berganda digunakan sebagai alat analisis untuk menentukan arah variabel yang diteliti serta menjustifikasi seberapa signifikan pengaruh variabel independen dengan dependen baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui variabel mediasi. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode asosiatif dengan pendekatan dua variabel atau lebih. Dalam penelitian ini seluruh populasi yang menjadi sampel, yaitu 105 orang pegawai pada mahasiswa fakultas ekonomi & bisnis Universitas Harapan Medan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel brand ambassador berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap brand awareness secara langsung. Brand image berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap brand awareness secara langsung. Brand ambassador berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, brand image berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian secara langsung. Variabel brand awareness berpengaruh berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian secara langsung. Variabel brand ambassador berpengaruh berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian secara langsung dan melalui brand awareness. Variabel brand image berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian secara langsung dan melalui brand awareness
A VIEW ON SECOND-CHANCE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN FLANDERS (BELGIUM) (SUMMARY)

It is widely acknowledged that entrepreneurs gain a unique knowledge from bankruptcy which may allow them to restart a more successful business. In accordance with this the EU recommends Member States to invest in the reactivation of bankrupt entrepreneurs. In Flanders however, it seems that entrepreneurs who have failed are often not inclined to set up a new business. Literature suggests this might be due to the negative image from which bankrupts suffer. The key question in this research is whether the negative perception associated with bankruptcies influences the degree to which one is willing to support a restart. Results from a survey among 3377 respondents show that the perception of the amount of fraudulent bankruptcies is a strong predictor of support towards a restart.
The Role of Digital Collaboration in Student Engagement towards Enhancing Student Participation during COVID-19

As Malaysia’s educational landscape continues to evolve, there is a need to rethink the models and practices involved in the teaching and learning process. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, subsequent lockdowns, and movement control restrictions have contributed to the shift in education, especially in teaching and learning. Educational institutions were instructed to close during the lockdowns and this forced educators and students to communicate and engage using digital technologies. Students have no issues when it comes to embracing technology, but their ability to stay engaged and participate during lessons was of concern to educators. According to recent research, collaborative learning has been shown to be enjoyable and engaging for students, especially when it is conducted digitally using innovative learning technologies. When students show an increased level of engagement, it shows that they are actively participating and are more involved during lessons. This quantitative study looks into the relationship between variables pertaining to digital collaboration (personal factors, environmental factors, social media support, digital collaborative tools, interactivity, motivation) and student engagement toward enhanced student participation during COVID-19. The study utilizes Lev Vygotsky’s Collaborative Learning Theory alongside Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. The data analysis revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between digital collaborative tools, interactivity, and motivation towards student engagement, which in turn proved that there is a positive significant relationship that can be drawn between student engagement and enhanced student participation during COVID-19.
What mental process favours quality decision-making in young soccer players?

Aim: The aim of this research is to identify the mechanisms that lead soccer players to make quality tactical decisions, and how these mechanisms evolve over time. Methods: Ninety male youth players training in a professional club in Brazil were submitted to a soccer video test which consists in making tactical decisions when the image freezes. These participants were divided in five groups with 18 players in each of following age levels: Under-11, Under-13, Under-15, Under-17 and Under-20. The dominant statements of verbal reports were distributed in categories that reflect key mechanisms. The frequency of correct tactical answers was calculated for each statement types and Standard Residuals (e) were calculated to verify the influence of the mechanisms on the quality of tactical decision for each age level. Results: Results revealed that evaluation statement was related to accurate tactical decisions from Under-15 age level. Conclusion: In conclusion, evaluation of perceived information makes better decision makers.
Annual reporting practices: Information about human resources in corporate annual reports in major Swedish companies

In this article the aim is to report from two empirical studies of annual reporting of intellectual capital (IC), with particular emphasis on human resources (HR) in Swedish companies. The studies were made on the largest Swedish companies on the stock market's A‐list, during the years 1990, 1994 and 1998. The material used was the external annual reports. In the studies we wanted to assess the extent to which large companies are publicly reporting their IC. The research aimed to investigate the reporting practices in Swedish companies. The research question was to determine if company representatives' desire to make HR more transparent is merely an expression that is not supported by real conviction. The studies showed that there is a very low share of information disclosed about human resources in the corporate annual reports. A tendency to increase was evident, but it is, on average, below 4%. None of the 18 largest companies were above 7%, which reveals that there is a lack of good examples to be found in this group of companies and very little changes had taken place during the past 10 years. It must be concluded that a great deal is often said about the importance of having a more transparent HR or human capital in companies, but the evidence suggests that in the real world this is still not the case.
Task Transcending Satisficing - An Experimental Study

The paper explores the applicability of bounded rationality theory. In particular, we investigate whether basic principles of aspiration formation and satisficing behavior are transferable between similar situations. Individuals are sequentially confronted with two risky investment tasks, a simple and a more complex one. Initially elicited state-contingent aspirations can be used to predict actual portfolio selection in both tasks. We explore whether individual characteristics of satisficing apply to both scenarios. Results indicate that stated aspirations frequently cannot be fulfilled. However, aspiration formation itself is highly transferable between tasks.
A survey of xenograft rejection mechanisms

Det finns idag fyra mekanismer beskrivna for avstotning av xenotransplantat. Dessa ar hyperakut avstotning, akut humoral xenotransplantat avstotning, akut cellular xenotransplantat avstotning och kronisk avstotning. Hyperakut avstotning medieras av naturliga xenoreaktiva antikroppar, vilka framst ar riktade mot antigenet α-Gal pa svinceller och aktiverar komplement systemet (den klassiska vagen). Akut humoral xenotransplantat avstotning medieras ocksa av xenoreaktiva IgM och IgG, som verkar skada xenotransplantatet bland annat genom aktivering av komplementsystemet och endotelceller. Akut cellular xenotransplantat avstotning medieras av T-celler och NK-celler, som verkar cytotoxiskt pa endotelet. Kronisk avstotning ger upphov till fyra typer av vaskulopati, vilket leder till fortrangning av artarer, och till fibros av karl. Trots att framsteg har gjorts inom forskningen, tillexempel har transgena grisar som inte uttrycker α-Gal framstallts, maste mer goras innan xenotransplantation kan komma till klinisk anvandning.
Formal Insurance, Risk Sharing, and the Dynamics of Other-Regarding Preferences

In the absence of formal financial markets, many poor households rely on risk sharing networks to protect themselves against adverse events. In this paper we present a model that explains the impact of formal insurance on informal risk sharing and, subsequently, the dynamics of other-regarding preferences. We use a field experiment to test the predictions of the model with rural households in Mexico. Consistent with the model predictions, we find that when shocks are collective, there is a crowding-out effect on transfers and a decrease in trust on insured participants. However, when shocks are idiosyncratic, we fail to confirm the predictions of the model. Transfers to non-insured members are significantly higher when insurance is available to some of the network members than in a control treatment when insurance is not available. This unexpected crowding-in effect on transfers leads to an increase in trust among non-insured participants. These findings suggest that there is a need to find optimal insurance designs that minimizes the crowding-out effect of formal insurance on informal risk sharing and other-regarding preferences.
Labor Statistics Office of Prices and Living Conditions Job Dispersion and Compensating Wage Differentials

The empirical literature on compensating wage differentials has a mixed history. While there have been some successes, much of this literature finds weak support for the theory of equalizing differences. We argue that it is dispersion in total job values or “job dispersion” that leads to biased compensating wage differential estimates. We begin by demonstrating how job dispersion can lead to biased hedonic estimates. Then we take a partial equilibrium on-the-job search model with utility from non-wage job characteristics, structurally estimate it and then simulate a dataset. Using our simulated dataset, we conduct a detailed analysis of the sources of bias in hedonic wage estimates. While worker heterogeneity and job dynamics are important sources of job dispersion, a significant proportion of the variation in jobs can only be explained by the inherent randomness of job offers.
Distinct Motifs in ATAD5 C-Terminal Domain Modulate PCNA Unloading Process

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that functions in key roles for DNA replication and repair. After the completion of DNA synthesis, PCNA should be unloaded from DNA in a timely way. The ATAD5-RFC-Like Complex (ATAD5-RLC) unloads PCNA from DNA. However, the mechanism of the PCNA-unloading process remains unclear. In this study, we determined the minimal PCNA-unloading domain (ULD) of ATAD5. We identified several motifs in the ATAD5 ULD that are essential in the PCNA-unloading process. The C-terminus of ULD is required for the stable association of RFC2-5 for active RLC formation. The N-terminus of ULD participates in the opening of the PCNA ring. ATAD5-RLC was more robustly bound to open-liable PCNA compared to the wild type. These results suggest that distinct motifs of the ATAD5 ULD participate in each step of the PCNA-unloading process.
Ependymin Mechanism of Action: Full Length EPN VS Peptide CMX-8933

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS.6 LIST OF FIGURES.7 LIST OF TABLES.9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.10 BACKGROUND.11 THESIS PURPOSE.23 MATERIALS AND METHODS.24 RESULTS.41 DISCUSSION.57 BIBLIOGRAPHY.61
Coexistence of Two Dune Growth Mechanisms in a Landscape‐Scale Experiment

In landscape‐scale experiments at the edge of the Gobi desert, we show that various dune types develop simultaneously under natural wind conditions. Using 4 years of high‐resolution topographic data, we demonstrate that, depending on sand availability, the same wind regime can lead to two different dune orientations, which reflect two independent dune growth mechanisms. As periodic oblique dunes emerge from a sand bed and develop to 2 m in height, we analyze defect dynamics that drive the non‐linear phase of pattern coarsening. Starting from conical sand heaps deposited on gravels, we observe the transition from dome to barchan and asymmetric barchan shapes. We identify a minimum size for arm elongation and evaluate the contribution of wind reversals to its longitudinal alignment. These experimental field observations support existing theoretical models of dune dynamics boosting confidence in their applicability for quantitative predictions of dune evolution under various wind regimes and bed conditions.
Urgently Yours: Temporal Communication Norms and Psychological Distance

Communicators have at their disposal an ever-increasing variety of modalities by which to transmit messages. Do the prominent norms attached to different communication modalities contain information in and of themselves? The present investigation considers this question through the lens of text messages and emails, hypothesized to confer different normative information about urgency. Text messages (vs. emails)—or any communication inferred by receivers to have been sent with greater urgency—cause the content of those messages to seem, in the eyes of receivers, closer in time (Study 1), closer in space (Study 2), and more likely to occur (Study 3). Moderation and mediation analyses confirm the role of urgency underlying the relationship between modality and distance. We provide evidence for these effects in a series of laboratory studies together with a field study in which real text messages and emails impact not only inferred distance but also a behavior deriving therefrom. Theoretical and practical implications highlight the importance, for both researchers and practitioners, of understanding how the medium of communication can shape interpretation of the message.