Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infrared-to-visible upconversion in hybrid thin films of colloidal nanocrystals and organic molecules

Photon upconversion is a process where two or more low-energy photons are converted into a single higher-energy photon. Upconversion that turns infrared photons into visible ones is particularly useful, having potential applications in photovoltaics, infrared sensing, and biological imaging. In this thesis, I present a solid-state thin-film device that converts infrared photons with wavelength up to 1.1 pm into visible wavelengths around A = 610 nm. The device consists of a monolayer of lead sulfide colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) and a thin film of rubrene mixed with emissive DBP molecules. Upconversion is realized via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) in rubrene sensitized by the NCs. We demonstrate that compared to the previous all-molecular upconverting systems, the use of inorganic NCs helps extend the excitation wavelength into the infrared and offers simple wavelength tunability. However, a monolayer of NCs has low infrared absorption, severely limiting the upconversion efficiency and necessitating a high excitation intensity. Here, by adding a silver back reflector with an optical spacer to the device structure, we achieve a five-fold increase in the NC absorption due to optical interference effects and an eleven-fold enhancement in the upconverted output. To extend the idea, we further introduce a distributed Bragg reflector at the front of the device. A resonant microcavity is formed with the NCs placed at the peak of a drastically enhanced optical field. The upconversion efficiency is improved by another order of magnitude, with threshold excitation intensity falling to 13 mW/cm2 , which is below the available solar flux. At resonance, the device converts (0.06 0.01)% of incident photons at A = 980 nm into emitted higher-energy photons. In addition, we improve the upconversion efficiency by shortening the surface ligands on NCs. With faster triplet transfer, the upconverting device attains higher intrinsic efficiency, converting (7 l)% of the absorbed photons at A 808 nm into higher-energy emissive excitons in rubrene. This thesis demonstrates the feasibility of NC-sensitized infrared-to-visible upconversion in solid thin films under low excitation intensities comparable to the solar flux, and paves the 3 way toward the practical utilization of TTA-based upconversion in photovoltaics, imaging, and sensing technologies. Thesis Supervisor: Marc A. Baldo Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Thesis Supervisor: Vladimir Bulovi6 Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
3,4-Bis(2-hydr­oxy-3-methoxy­benzyl­idene­amino)pyridine

In the title mol­ecule, C21H19N3O4, the benzene rings of the two ortho 2-hydr­oxy-3-methoxy­benzyl­ideneamine substituents are twisted with respect to the central pyridine ring by 29.4 (1) and 41.4 (1)°.
4‐[(E)‐Phenyldiazenyl]‐2‐[(E)‐phenyliminomethyl]phenol

The title azo–azomethine dye, C19H15N3O, was synthesized by the reaction of 2-hydr­oxy-5-[(E)-phenyl­diazen­yl]benzaldehyde with aniline. With respect to the azo double bond, the two attached benzene rings display a trans configuration with a C—N=N—C torsion angle of 178.5 (3)°. The structure is stabilized by intra­molecular O—H⋯N and inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DASOMÉTRICAS DE Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl. var. greggii DE NUEVE PROCEDENCIAS EN GALEANA, NUEVO LEÓN

Los ensayos de procedencias pueden incluir un intervalo amplio de la distribucion natural de las especies a fin de identificar lospatrones de variacion en las que se ubiquen las mejores fuentes de semilla. El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar los valores promediode altura y diametro en arboles de nueve procedencias naturales de Pinus greggii var. greggii del norte de Mexico establecidos enel ejido 18 de Marzo, municipio Galeana, Nuevo Leon. El diseno experimental fue de bloques completos al azar para controlar elcomponente ambiental, especialmente las condiciones de suelo y pendiente; las mediciones de las variables altura total y diametrose realizaron a los 4.5, 5.0 y 10.9 anos de plantados. Los analisis de varianza mostraron diferencias estadisticas significativas (P ≤ 0.01)en la altura total y diametro entre las procedencias en todas las fechas de evaluacion; la de Agua Fria destaco en la altura desde laprimera evaluacion con 1.37 m y supero al resto en las subsiguientes con 2.4 y 6.8 m, respectivamente. En contraste, los individuos dePuerto San Juan tuvieron las alturas menores: 1.0, 1.8 y 5.8 m, respectivamente. Los diametros de los arboles de La Tapona fueron unpoco superiores a los de Agua Fria en la ultima evaluacion. Asimismo, se observo que los arboles con mayor diametro procedian desitios con menor altitud, longitud y latitud.
The bacteriology and serology of ewes inoculated with viable Brucella ovis organisms.

Abstract Extract Brucella ovis infection of rams causes epididymitis and/or poor quality semen, and in ewes it causes abortion, usually in late pregnancy, or the birth at or near full term of weak or dead lambs (Technical Committee, N.Z. Veterinary Association, 1962).
Collaborative governance and Deliberative Policymaking in Comparative Perspective Title of the paper Innovating in collaboration: insights from the implementation of Integrated Water Management in Colombia Author(s)

This paper addresses the effects of the conditions for collaboration upon the generative mechanisms of public innovation. Those conditions and mechanisms are analyzed within a context (Colombia) where a series of other, country-level conditions create a certain context for collaborative public innovation. Six innovation projects on Integrated Water Management are analyzed looking at how the conditions of collaboration and the generative mechanisms of public innovation operated. Findings are made about how agreement on the problem affects time-constrained innovation projects, about the way the generative mechanisms can emerge, and about the ways a legalistic mode of governance influences public innovation.
Article processing charges: Mirroring the citation impact or legacy of the subscription-based model?

Abstract With the ongoing open-access transformation, article processing charges (APCs) are gaining importance as one of the main business models for open-access publishing in scientific journals. This paper analyzes how much of APC pricing can be attributed to journal-related factors. With UK data from OpenAPC (which aggregates fees paid for open-access articles by universities, funders, and research institutions), APCs are explained by the following variables: (a) the “source normalized impact per paper” (SNIP), (b) whether the journal is open access or hybrid, (c) the publisher of the journal, (d) the subject area of the journal, and (e) the year. The results of the multivariate linear regression show that the journal’s impact and hybrid status are the most important factors for the level of APCs. However, the relationship between APC and SNIP is different for open-access journals and hybrid journals. APCs paid to open-access journals were found to be strongly increasing in conjunction with higher journal citation impact, whereas this relationship was observed to be much looser for articles in hybrid journals. This paper goes beyond simple statistics, which have been discussed so far in the literature, by using control variables and applying statistical inference.
Household carriage and acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae: A systematic review

Abstract Objective: The epidemiology of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) has been extensively studied in hospitals, but data on community transmission are scarce. We investigated ESBL-PE cocarriage and acquisition in households using a systematic literature review. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search to retrieve cross-sectional or cohort studies published between 1990 and 2018 evaluating cocarriage proportions and/or acquisition rates of ESBL-PE among household members, without language restriction. We excluded studies focusing on animal-to-human transmission or conducted in nonhousehold settings. The main outcomes were ESBL-PE cocarriage proportions and acquisition rates, stratified according to phenotypic or genotypic assessment of strain relatedness. Cocarriage proportions of clonally related ESBL-PE were transformed using the double-arcsine method and were pooled using a random-effects model. Potential biases were assessed manually. Results: We included 13 studies. Among 863 household members of ESBL-PE positive index cases, prevalence of ESBL-PE cocarriage ranged from 8% to 37%. Overall, 12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8%–16%) of subjects had a clonally related strain. Those proportions were higher for Klebsiella pneumoniae (20%–25%) than for Escherichia coli (10%–20%). Acquisition rates of clonally related ESBL-PE among 180 initially ESBL-PE–free household members of a previously identified carrier ranged between 1.56 and 2.03 events per 1,000 person weeks of follow-up. We identified multiple sources of bias and high heterogeneity (I2, 70%) between studies. Conclusions: ESBL-PE household cocarriage is frequent, suggesting intrafamilial acquisition. Further research is needed to evaluate the risk and control of ESBL-PE household transmission.
Clinical Management of Pain in Rodents.

The use of effective regimens for mitigating pain remain underutilized in research rodents despite the general acceptance of both the ethical imperative and regulatory requirements intended to maximize animal welfare. Factors contributing to this gap between the need for and the actual use of analgesia include lack of sufficient evidence-based data on effective regimens, under-dosing due to labor required to dose analgesics at appropriate intervals, concerns that the use of analgesics may impact study outcomes, and beliefs that rodents recover quickly from invasive procedures and as such do notneed analgesics. Fundamentally, any discussion of clinical management of pain in rodents must recognize that nociceptive pathways and pain signaling mechanisms are highly conserved across mammalian species, and that central processing of pain is largely equivalent in rodents and other larger research species such as dogs, cats, or primates. Other obstacles to effective pain management in rodents have been the lack of objective, science-driven data on pain assessment, and the availability of appropriate pharmacological tools for pain mitigation. To address this deficit, we have reviewed and summarized the available publications on pain management in rats, mice and guinea pigs. Different drug classes and specific pharmacokineticprofiles, recommended dosages, and routes of administration are discussed, and updated recommendations are provided. Nonpharmacologic tools for increasing the comfort and wellbeing of research animals are also discussed. The potential adverse effects of analgesics are also reviewed. While gaps still exist in our understanding of clinical pain management in rodents, effective pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies are available that can and should be used to provide analgesia while minimizing adverse effects. The key to effective clinical management of pain is thoughtful planning thatincorporates study needs and veterinary guidance, knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action of drugs being considered, careful attention to individual differences, and establishing an institutional culture that commits to pain management for all species as a central component of animal welfare.
Relationship between plasma volume and essential blood constituents in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction

Notwithstanding recent progress on molecular mechanisms underlying heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), multiple pathophysiological aspects of this condition including the basis of anaemia and other haematological disorders remain unresolved. In this study, we sought to determine the relationship of plasma volume (PV), a plausible confounding factor for the concentration of solutes in blood, with key haematological markers in HFpEF patients.
OXIDATIVE STRESS, TELOMERE LENGTH, AND FRAILTY IN AN OLD AGE POPULATION.

Background A global aging population requires focusing on the risk factors for unhealthy aging, preventive medicine, and chronic disease management. The identification of adverse health outcomes in older adults has been addressed by the characterization of frailty as a biological syndrome. In this field, oxidative stress and telomere length have been suggested as biomarkers of aging. Objective The objective of the study was to study the association of oxidative stress, telomere length, and frailty in an old age population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 2015 data from 202 members of a cohort of older adults (n = 202; F/M gender ratio: 133/69; mean age: 69.89 ± 7.39 years). Reactive oxygen species were measured by dichlorofluorescein diacetate and lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde. Telomere length was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction with SYBR Green Master Mix. Results Statistical analysis showed an association between telomere length and frailty but no association between oxidative stress and telomere length or frailty. Conclusions Telomere length could eventually be used as a marker to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy aging as expressed by frailty phenotype; oxidative stress seemed merely a biological process of aging.
Management of suprapatellar synovial plica, a common cause of anterior knee pain: a clinical review

Background and aim of the work: Suprapatellar synovial plica is caused by a congenital thickening of the synovial membrane and is generally asymptomatic. In the literature, suprapatellar plicae are described as one of the causes of anterior knee pain however, their real role in determining symptoms is controversial. The aim of the current paper is to describe the anatomy, classifications, pathophysiology, symptoms and management of suprapatellar plica syndrome, as well as the differential diagnosis from other causes of anterior knee pain. Method: Via a search within the MEDLINE/PubMed database, a current review was conducted, and the results summarized. Results: Due to idiopathic, traumatic or inflammatory conditions, plicae can become pathological, causing anterior knee pain with possible knee clicking, swelling, giving way and locking after prolonged flexion of the knee. The diagnosis should be formulated based on an accurate medical history and clinical examination, followed by an appropriate imaging study. However, arthroscopy remains the “golden standard” for detecting all synovial plica. Conclusions: In patients with anterior knee pain, where doubt is present in the imaging investigation for intraarticular or periarticular lesions, pathological suprapatellar synovial plica must be suspected. The treatment should initially be conservative, but in cases where symptoms persist, patients should undergo arthroscopy to confirm diagnosis and to determine a suitable treatment. In the presence of pathological plica associated with cartilage damage of the femoral condyle or patella at the time of diagnostic arthroscopy, plicae excision leads to favourable results in a high number of cases. (www.actabiomedica.it)
Operationalizing Impaired Performance in Neuropsychological Assessment: A Comparison of the Use of Published Versus Sample-Based Normative Data for the Prediction of Dementia

Abstract Objectives: To compare the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of published versus sample-based norms to detect early dementia in the Uniform Data Set (UDS). Methods: The UDS was administered to 526 nondemented participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Baseline scores were standardized using published norms and healthy control data from ADNI corrected for age, education, and sex. Subjects obtaining two scores < −1 SD (determined separately using published and sample norms) were labeled “at risk for dementia. ” Both methods were compared on sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive value (PPV/NPV) for dementia at follow-up. Results: Risk scores derived from published data had 86.1% sensitivity, 62.0% specificity, 68.6% accuracy, 46.1% PPV, and 92.2% NPV. Those from sample norms were more sensitive (91.0%), less specific (52.9%), and less accurate (63.3%), with worse PPV (42.1%) and similar NPV (94.0%). Sample norms were better at identifying incident dementia cases with relatively lower education than those with higher education. Discrepancies between both methods were more common in women. Conclusions: Sample norms are marginally more sensitive than published norms for predicting dementia, while published norms are slightly more accurate. Accuracy of risk estimates for women and those with lower education may be increased using locally generated norms.
Establishment of chemosensitivity tests in triple-negative and BRCA-mutated breast cancer patient-derived xenograft models

Purpose A patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is an in vivo animal model which provides biological and genomic profiles similar to a primary tumor. The characterization of factors that influence the establishment of PDX is crucial. Furthermore, PDX models can provide a platform for chemosensitivity tests to evaluate the effectiveness of a target agent before applying it in clinical trials. Methods We implanted 83 cases of breast cancer into NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Sug/Jic mice, to develop PDX models. Clinicopathological factors of primary tumors were reviewed to identify the factors affecting engraftment success rates. After the establishment of PDX models, we performed olaparib and carboplatin chemosensitivity tests. We used PDX models from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or germline BRCA1 mutations in chemosensitivity tests. Results The univariate analyses (p<0.05) showed factors which were significantly associated with successful engraftment of PDX models include poor histologic grade, presence of BRCA mutation, aggressive diseases, and death. Factors which were independently associated with successful engraftment of PDX models on multivariate analyses include poor histologic grade and aggressive diseases status. In chemosensitivity tests, a PDX model with the BRCA1 L1780P mutation showed partial response to olaparib and complete response to carboplatin. Conclusions Successful engraftment of PDX models was significantly associated with aggressive diseases. Patients who have aggressive diseases status, large tumors, and poor histologic grade are ideal candidates for developing successful PDX models. Chemosensitivity tests using the PDX models provide additional information about alternative treatment strategies for residual TNBC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Convergence of DNNs with mutual-information-based regularization

Information theory concepts are leveraged with the goal of better understanding and improving Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). The information plane of neural networks describes the behavior during training of the mutual information at various depths between input/output and hidden-layer variables. Previous analysis revealed that most of the training epochs are spent on compressing the input. The estimation of mutual information is nontrivial for high-dimensional continuous random variables. Therefore, the computation of the mutual information for DNNs and its visualization on the information plane mostly focused on low-complexity fully-connected networks. In fact, even the existence of the compression phase in complex DNNs has been questioned and viewed as an open problem. In this paper, we present the convergence of mutual information on the information plane for a high-dimensional VGG-16 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) by resorting to Mutual Information Neural Estimation (MINE), thus confirming and extending the results obtained with low-dimensional fully-connected networks. Furthermore, we demonstrate the benefits of regularizing a network, especially for a large number of training epochs, by adopting mutual information estimates as additional terms in the loss function characteristic of the network. Experimental results show that the regularization stabilizes the test accuracy and significantly reduces its variance.
Early development in children with moderate acute malnutrition: A cross‐sectional study in Burkina Faso

Abstract Malnutrition impairs cognitive, communication, and motor development, but it is not known how nutrition and health are associated with development in children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). We aimed to describe motor and language development of children with MAM and explore its nutrition and health‐related correlates. This cross‐sectional study used baseline data from a nutritional trial in children with MAM aged 6–23 months in Burkina Faso. Motor and language skills were assessed using the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (MDAT). Linear mixed models were used to explore potential correlates of MDAT including socio‐economic status, anthropometry, body composition, whole‐blood polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), haemoglobin (Hb), iron status, and morbidity. We also assessed child and caregiver participation during MDAT procedures and their associations with correlates and development. MDAT data were available for 1.608 children. Mean (95% CI) MDAT z‐scores were −0.39 (−0.45, −0.34) for gross motor, 0.54 (0.48, 0.59) for fine motor, and −0.91 (−0.96, −0.86) for language skills. Children with higher mid‐upper arm circumference, weight‐for‐height, height‐for‐age, fat‐free mass, n‐3 PUFAs, Hb, and iron status had better MDAT z‐scores, whereas children with more fat mass index, anaemia, illness, and inflammation had poorer z‐scores. In addition, children living in larger households or with an unmarried mother had poorer MDAT z‐scores. Associations between morbidity and z‐scores were largely explained by children's poorer participation during MDAT assessment. The identified factors associated with child development may inform interventions needed to stimulate development during or after management of MAM.