Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The neuropeptide substance P/neurokinin‐1 receptor system and diabetes: From mechanism to therapy

Diabetes is a significant public health issue known as the world's fastest‐growing disease condition. It is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and subsequent chronic complications leading to organ dysfunction and, ultimately, the failure of target organs. Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide that belongs to the family of tachykinin (TK) peptides. The SP‐mediated activation of the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) regulates many pathophysiological processes in the body. There is also a relation between the SP/NK1R system and diabetic processes. Importantly, deregulated expression of SP has been reported in diabetes and diabetes‐associated chronic complications. SP can induce both diabetogenic and antidiabetogenic effects and thus affect the pathology of diabetes destructively or protectively. Here, we review the current knowledge of the functional relevance of the SP/NK1R system in diabetes pathogenesis and its exploitation for diabetes therapy. A comprehensive understanding of the role of the SP/NK1R system in diabetes is expected to shed further light on developing new therapeutic possibilities for diabetes and its associated chronic conditions.
Cryptophytes: An emerging algal group in the rapidly changing Antarctic Peninsula marine environments

The western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a climatically sensitive region where foundational changes at the basis of the food web have been recorded; cryptophytes are gradually outgrowing diatoms together with a decreased size spectrum of the phytoplankton community. Based on a 11‐year (2008–2018) in‐situ dataset, we demonstrate a strong coupling between biomass accumulation of cryptophytes, summer upper ocean stability, and the mixed layer depth. Our results shed light on the environmental conditions favoring the cryptophyte success in coastal regions of the WAP, especially during situations of shallower mixed layers associated with lower diatom biomass, which evidences a clear competition or niche segregation between diatoms and cryptophytes. We also unravel the cryptophyte photo‐physiological niche by exploring its capacity to thrive under high light stress normally found in confined stratified upper layers. Such conditions are becoming more frequent in the Antarctic coastal waters and will likely have significant future implications at various levels of the marine food web. The competitive advantage of cryptophytes in environments with significant light level fluctuations was supported by laboratory experiments that revealed a high flexibility of cryptophytes to grow in different light conditions driven by a fast photo‐regulating response. All tested physiological parameters support the hypothesis that cryptophytes are highly flexible regarding their growing light conditions and extremely efficient in rapidly photo‐regulating changes to environmental light levels. This plasticity would give them a competitive advantage in exploiting an ecological niche where light levels fluctuate quickly. These findings provide new insights on niche separation between diatoms and cryptophytes, which is vital for a thorough understanding of the WAP marine ecosystem.
A biomechanical comparison of posterior fixation approaches in lumbar fusion using computed tomography based lumbosacral spine modelling

Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) may be performed with a standalone interbody cage, or with the addition of unilateral or bilateral pedicle screws; however, decisions regarding supplemental fixation are predominantly based on clinical indicators. This study examines the impact of posterior supplemental fixation on facet micromotions, cage loads and load-patterns at adjacent levels in a L4-L5 XLIF at early and late fusion stages. CT data from an asymptomatic subject were segmented into anatomical regions and digitally stitched into a surface mesh of the lumbosacral spine (L1-S1). The interbody cage and posterior instrumentation (unilateral and bilateral) were inserted at L4-L5. The volumetric mesh was imported into finite element software for pre-processing, running nonlinear static solves and post-processing. Loads and micromotions at the index-level facets reduced commensurately with the extent of posterior fixation accompanying the XLIF, while load-pattern changes observed at adjacent facets may be anatomically dependent. In flexion at partial fusion, compressive stress on the cage reduced by 54% and 72% in unilateral and bilateral models respectively; in extension the reductions were 58% and 75% compared to standalone XLIF. A similar pattern was observed at full fusion. Unilateral fixation provided similar stability compared to bilateral, however there was a reduction in cage stress-risers with the bilateral instrumentation. No changes were found at adjacent discs. Posterior supplemental fixation alters biomechanics at the index and adjacent levels in a manner that warrants consideration alongside clinical information. Unilateral instrumentation is a more efficient option where the stability requirements and subsidence risk are not excessive.
The added costs of winter ocean warming for metabolism, arm regeneration and survival in the brittle star, Ophionereis schayeri (Müller & Troschel, 1844).

As the climate continues to change, it is not only the magnitude of these changes that is important, but equally critical is the timing of these events. Conditions that may be well tolerated at one time, may be detrimental if experienced at another due to seasonal acclimation. Temperature is the most critical variable as it affects most aspects of an organism's physiology. To address this, we quantified arm regeneration and respiration in the Australian brittle star, Ophionereis schayeri, for 10 weeks in response to a +3˚C warming (18.5˚C, simulating a winter heatwave) compared to ambient winter temperature (15.5˚C). The metabolic scaling rate (b=0.635 at 15.5 ˚C and 0.746 at 18.5 ˚C) with respect to size is similar to other echinoderms and was not affected by temperature. Elevated temperature resulted in up to a 3-fold increase in respiration and doubling of regeneration growth, however mortality was greater (up to 44.2% at 18.5°C), especially in the regenerating brittle stars. Metabolic rates of the brittle stars held at 18.5˚C were much higher than expected (Q10 ∼23) and similar to O. schayeri tested in summer that were near their estimated thermotolerance limits. The additional costs associated with the elevated metabolism and regeneration rates incurred by the unseasonably warm winter temperatures may lead to increased mortality and predation risk.
Effect of Model Tear Film Lipid Layer on Water Evaporation

Purpose A majority of in vitro models were incapable of reproducing the evaporation resistance of tear film lipid layer (TFLL) in vivo. The purpose of this research is to develop a novel in vitro model to study the effect of TFLL on water evaporation. Methods A ventilated, closed-chamber, droplet evaporimeter with a constant surface area has been invented to study the evaporation resistance of TFLL. This evaporimeter ensures a rigorous control of environmental conditions, including the temperature, relative humidity, airflow rate, surface area, and surface pressure, thus allowing for reproducible water evaporation measurements over a time period of only 5 minutes. The volumetric evaporation rate of this droplet evaporimeter is less than 2.7 µL/min, comparable to the basal tear production of healthy adults. Together with direct film imaging using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we have studied the effect of a model TFLL on water evaporation, as a function of the lipid composition and surface pressure. Results A model TFLL composed of 40% wax esters, 40% cholesteryl esters, and 20% polar lipids was capable of reducing the water evaporation rate by 11% at surface pressure 47 mN/m. AFM revealed that the model TFLL at high surface pressures consists of discrete droplets/aggregates of the nonpolar lipids residing atop a polar lipid monolayer with phase separation. Conclusions The TFLL may resist water evaporation with a combined mechanism by increasing film compactness of the polar lipid film at the air-water surface, and, to a lesser extent, by increasing film thickness of the nonpolar lipid film.
Bone marrow inflammatory memory in cardiometabolic disease and inflammatory comorbidities

Abstract Cardiometabolic disorders are chief causes of morbidity and mortality, with chronic inflammation playing a crucial role in their pathogenesis. The release of differentiated myeloid cells with elevated pro-inflammatory potential, as a result of maladaptively trained myelopoiesis may be a crucial factor for the perpetuation of inflammation. Several cardiovascular risk factors, including sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia, may modulate bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors, causing sustained functional changes that favour chronic metabolic and vascular inflammation. In the present review, we summarize recent studies that support the function of long-term inflammatory memory in progenitors of the bone marrow for the development and progression of cardiometabolic disease and related inflammatory comorbidities, including periodontitis and arthritis. We also discuss how maladaptive myelopoiesis associated with the presence of mutated hematopoietic clones, as present in clonal hematopoiesis, may accelerate atherosclerosis via increased inflammation.
Comparison of Gold Biosensor Combined with Light Microscope Imaging System with ELISA for Detecting Salmonella in Chicken after Exposure to Simulated Chilling Condition

In this study, the performance of a gold biosensor combined with light microscope imaging system (GB-LMIS) was comparatively evaluated against enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting Salmonella under simulated chilling condition. The optimum concentration of anti-Salmonella polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) was determined to be 12.5 and 100 μg/ml for ELISA and GB-LMIS, respectively. GB-LMIS exhibited a sufficient and competitive specificity toward three tested Salmonella among only. To mimic a real-world situation, chicken was inoculated with Salmonella cocktail and stored under chilling condition for 48 h. The overall growth of Salmonella under chilling condition was significantly lower than that under non-exposure to the chilling condition (p < 0.05). No significant differences in bacterial growth were observed between brain heart infusion and brilliant green broth during the enrichment period (p > 0.05). Finally, both GB-LMIS and ELISA were employed to detect Salmonella at every 2-h interval. GB-LMIS detected Salmonella with a competitive specificity by the direct observation of bacteria on the sensor using a charge-coupled device camera within a detection time of ~2.5 h. GB-LMIS is a feasible, novel, and rapid method for detecting Salmonella in poultry facilities.
Association of Whole Blood With Survival Among Patients Presenting With Severe Hemorrhage in US and Canadian Adult Civilian Trauma Centers.

Importance Whole-blood (WB) resuscitation has gained renewed interest among civilian trauma centers. However, there remains insufficient evidence that WB as an adjunct to component therapy-based massive transfusion protocol (WB-MTP) is associated with a survival advantage over MTP alone in adult civilian trauma patients presenting with severe hemorrhage. Objective To assess whether WB-MTP compared with MTP alone is associated with improved survival at 24 hours and 30 days among adult trauma patients presenting with severe hemorrhage. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program databank from January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018, included adult trauma patients with a systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg and a shock index greater than 1 who received at least 4 units of red blood cells within the first hour of emergency department (ED) arrival at level I and level II US and Canadian adult civilian trauma centers. Patients with burns, death within 1 hour of ED arrival, and interfacility transfers were excluded. Data were analyzed from February 2022 to September 2022. Exposures Resuscitation with WB-MTP compared with MTP alone within 24 hours of ED presentation. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were survival at 24 hours and 30 days. Secondary outcomes selected a priori included major complications, hospital length of stay, and intensive care unit length of stay. Results A total of 2785 patients met inclusion criteria: 432 (15.5%) in the WB-MTP group (335 male [78%]; median age, 38 years [IQR, 27-57 years]) and 2353 (84.5%) in the MTP-only group (1822 male [77%]; median age, 38 years [IQR, 27-56 years]). Both groups included severely injured patients (median injury severity score, 28 [IQR, 17-34]; median difference, 1.29 [95% CI, -0.05 to 2.64]). A survival curve demonstrated separation within 5 hours of ED presentation. WB-MTP was associated with improved survival at 24 hours, demonstrating a 37% lower risk of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41-0.96; P = .03). Similarly, the survival benefit associated with WB-MTP remained consistent at 30 days (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.31-0.93; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, receipt of WB-MTP was associated with improved survival in trauma patients presenting with severe hemorrhage, with a survival benefit found early after transfusion. The findings from this study are clinically important as this is an essential first step in prioritizing the selection of WB-MTP for trauma patients presenting with severe hemorrhage.
Evaluation and prognostic significance of tumor budding in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the prognostic importance of Tumor budding (TB) in Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas(PDAC) and its correlation with histopathological findings according to the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference(ITBCC) grading. Material and Methods: A total of 75 patients diagnosed with PDAC were included in this study. The demographic features of the cases (age, sex) and the macroscopic features of the tumors (localization,size) were obtained from the electronic archive system. All Hematoxylin-Eosin-stained sections were re-evaluated in terms of differentiation, presence of lymphovascular (LVI) and perineural invasion(PNI), surgical margin positivity, primary tumor(pT), lymph node metastasis(LNM) and tumor budding. Statistically, Chi-square test, cox-regression and Kaplan-Meier test were performed. Results:Thirty four of the cases were female and 41 were male. The mean age was 64.21±9.71years. The degree of TB was TB-few in 17 cases, TB-moderate in 25cases, and TB-high in 33cases. LVI, PNI, LNM and TB-high were poor prognostic factors. Moreover, TB-high was related with poor differantiation,LVI,PNI,LNM and short survival time. Tumor budding was independent negative prognostic factor in multivariable model analyzes. Conclusion: ITBCC scoring can also be used in PDACs. In addition, high tumor budding was a poor prognostic feature and might be a target for tumor-specific treatments as it could be a predictive finding for the locally invasive character of the tumor. Evaluation and grading of TB thought to represent EMT may be a histological feature that can be used in tumor selection for advanced molecular methods to identify subtypes that may be associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance.
Characterization of charge carrier lateral conduction in irradiated dielectric materials

A characterization method for surface charging analysis on insulators submitted to electron irradiation has been developed. This method, based on the use of two Kelvin probes (KPs), provides details on the transit time motion for injection of both holes and electrons. It can also be used to assess the isotropy of lateral electrical conduction on the sample. The feasibility of this method was tested on fluorinated ethylene propylene (Teflon® FEP) samples. It was found that central electron injection induces rapid surface charge spreading, in contrast to injection of holes. An electrical anisotropic behaviour of the sample was also detected.
Absolute risks of self-harm and interpersonal violence by diagnostic category following first discharge from inpatient psychiatric care

Abstract Background Persons discharged from inpatient psychiatric services are at greatly elevated risk of harming themselves or inflicting violence on others, but no studies have reported gender-specific absolute risks for these two outcomes across the spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses. We aimed to estimate absolute risks for self-harm and interpersonal violence post-discharge according to gender and diagnostic category. Methods Danish national registry data were utilized to investigate 62,922 discharged inpatients, born 1967–2000. An age and gender matched cohort study was conducted to examine risks for self-harm and interpersonal violence at 1 year and at 10 years post-discharge. Absolute risks were estimated as cumulative incidence percentage values. Results Patients diagnosed with substance misuse disorders were at especially elevated risk, with the absolute risks for either self-harm or interpersonal violence being 15.6% (95% CI 14.9, 16.3%) of males and 16.8% (15.6, 18.1%) of females at 1 year post-discharge, rising to 45.7% (44.5, 46.8%) and 39.0% (37.1, 40.8%), respectively, within 10 years. Diagnoses of personality disorders and early onset behavioral and emotional disorders were also associated with particularly high absolute risks, whilst risks linked with schizophrenia and related disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety/somatoform disorders, were considerably lower. Conclusions Patients diagnosed with substance misuse disorders, personality disorders and early onset behavioral and emotional disorders are at especially high risk for internally and externally directed violence. It is crucial, however, that these already marginalized individuals are not further stigmatized. Enhanced care at discharge and during the challenging transition back to life in the community is needed.
Wiener amalgams, Hardy spaces and summability of Fourier series

Abstract A general summability method, the so called θ-summability is considered for multi-dimensional Fourier series, where θ is in the Wiener algebra W(C,ℓ1)($\mathbb{R}$d). It is based on the use of Wiener amalgam spaces, weighted Feichtinger's algebra, Herz and Hardy spaces. Under some conditions on θ, it is proved that the maximal operator of the θ-means is bounded from the Hp Hardy space to Lp (or Hp). This implies some norm and almost everywhere convergence results for the θ-means. Large number of special cases of the θ-summation are considered.
Modeling the effect of dislocations on the minority carrier diffusion length of a semiconductor

An analysis is given of the minority carrier diffusion and collection in a semiconductor with a surface junction, in the presence of a periodic array of straight dislocations perpendicular to the surface. A dislocation is characterized by its line recombination velocity and is attributed a finite cross section. An approximate solution is obtained for the three-dimensional charge collection probability φ(r) in the unit cell of the array. The integral of φ over the unit cell is used to introduce a new definition of effective diffusion length and to give its analytical expression. It is shown that the relative reduction of diffusion length produced by the dislocation array coincides with the fractional decrease of the total number of junction-injected carriers. This result establishes a connection between the efficiency of charge collection and luminescence of a sample containing dislocations. The analysis is extended to the case of a thin sample, and is compared to previous discussions of the same problem.
Initial Outcomes After Unicompartmental Tibiofemoral Bipolar Osteochondral and Meniscal Allograft Transplantation in the Knee Using MOPS-Preserved Fresh (Viable) Tissues

Background: Unicompartmental tibiofemoral bipolar osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCAT) with meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) has not historically been associated with consistently successful outcomes for treatment of knee articular cartilage defects with meniscal deficiency. Hypothesis: Primary OCAT and MAT using fresh tissues will be associated with successful short-term outcomes based on statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in pain and function in the majority of patients. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled into a registry for outcomes after OCAT and MAT. Patients included those who underwent primary OCAT and MAT using Missouri Osteochondral Preservation System (MOPS)–preserved allografts for treatment of large bipolar tibiofemoral articular cartilage defects with meniscal deficiency and had a minimum of 2-year follow-up data. Results: A total of 76 patients (n = 52 male; 68%) met inclusion criteria (mean follow-up, 52 months). The mean age was 41.1 years (range, 15-69 years), and the mean body mass index was 28.9 (range, 17-46); 48 patients underwent another OCAT in addition to the unicompartmental bipolar tibiofemoral OCAT and MAT; 23 patients (30.3%) were documented to be nonadherent to the prescribed postoperative restriction and rehabilitation protocol. The initial success rate (>2 years) was 77.6%, with 8 patients (10.5%) undergoing revision and 9 (11.8%) converting to arthroplasty. Variables associated with an increased risk for treatment failure (revision or arthroplasty) included ipsilateral osteotomy (P = .046; odds ratio [OR] = 3.3), ipsilateral concurrent procedure (P = .0057; OR = 5.5), and nonadherence (P = .0009; OR = 7.2). None of the patients undergoing revision surgery required arthroplasty at the time of data analysis such that the overall success rate for primary and revision unicompartmental bipolar OCA plus MAT was 88.2%. There were statistically significant (P < .0001) and clinically important improvements for all patient-reported outcomes at each annual follow-up time point. Conclusion: Unicompartmental tibiofemoral bipolar OCAT and MAT can result in successful short-term outcomes (2-6 years) and satisfaction in the majority of patients (78%). Primary MOPS-preserved OCAT with MAT for treatment of femoral condyle and tibial plateau articular cartilage defects with concurrent meniscal deficiency was associated with statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in patient-reported measures of pain and function.
Observational Evidence for Predictions of Tropical Cyclone Propagation Relative to Environmental Steering

Abstract Theories of vortex motion due to the variations of the Coriolis parameter and environmental vorticity are compared to observations of tropical cyclone motion relative to computed “steering flows” using previously published composite data. The composite results are manipulated to obtain a vector quantity for the difference between tropical cyclone motion and steering, and this vector difference is termed “propagation. ” The properties of these propagation vectors within various composite data stratifications provide tentative support for nonlinear numerical results such as: (i) the general magnitude and direction of the β-induced propagation; (ii) the dependence of such propagation on the outer-wind strength of the tropical cyclone; and (iii) the dependence of such propagation on the direction of the environmental vorticity gradient. Ambiguities in the composite data are discussed with respect to linear and nonlinear theories of tropical cyclone propagation, and several new composite data stratific.