Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sulfuric acid nucleation: An experimental study of the effect of seven bases

Nucleation of particles with sulfuric acid, water, and nitrogeneous bases was studied in a flow reactor. Sulfuric acid and water levels were set by flows over sulfuric acid and water reservoirs, respectively, and the base concentrations were determined from measured permeation rates and flow dilution ratios. Particle number distributions were measured with a nano‐differential‐mobility‐analyzer system. Results indicate that the nucleation capability of NH3, methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine with sulfuric acid increases from NH3 as the weakest, methylamine next, and dimethylamine and trimethylamine the strongest. Three other bases were studied, and experiments with triethylamine showed that it is less effective than methylamine, and experiments with urea and acetamide showed that their capabilities are much lower than the amines with acetamide having basically no effect. When both NH3 and an amine were present, nucleation was more strongly enhanced than with just the amine present. Comparisons of nucleation rates to predictions and previous experimental work are discussed, and the sulfuric acid‐base nucleation rates measured here are extrapolated to atmospheric conditions. The measurements suggest that atmospheric nucleation rates are significantly affected by synergistic interactions between ammonia and amines.
Effectiveness of Phytosiderophore in Absorption and Translocation of 59Iron in Barley in the Presence of Plant-Borne, Synthetic, and Microbial Chelators

ABSTRACT The mechanisms of iron (Fe) absorption and translocation in plants have received much study because they are the key processes in the supply of Fe to plants. The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of phytosiderophore (PS) in the absorption and translocation of 59Fe in Fe-deficient barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ‘Minorimugi’) plants in the presence of plant-borne, synthetic, or microbial chelators. Plants grown under Fe-deficient conditions in a phytotron at pH 5.5 for 7–18 d were fed with Fe3+ (10 μ M labeled with 59Fe) in the presence of 10 μ M of different chelators with or without 10 μ M PS for 4 h starting at 2 p.m. (6 h after the onset of light period). The absorption and translocation of 59Fe in plants treated with PS and Fe3 + were increased relative to plants fed solely with Fe3 + (control). There was no effect found on absorption and translocation of 59Fe in plants treated with EDTA or p-coumarate relative to the control, but a differential increase was observed in 59Fe absorption and translocation in plants treated with EDTA or p-coumarate in the presence of PS. In comparison with the control, a decrease in 59Fe absorption and translocation was observed in plants treated with HEDTA or EDDHA or FOB, but this decrease was avoided in plants treated with HEDTA or EDDHA or FOB in the presence of PS. The enhancement of 59Fe absorption and translocation in plants treated with citrate, and the highest 59Fe absorption and translocation in plants treated with citrate and PS, indicated that citrate had an additive effect on Fe absorption and translocation in plants. Our results showed that PS effectively played a role in Fe absorption and translocation in plants in the presence of other chelators. Plants treated with any chelators had lower extracellular 59Fe in the roots compared with the control.
Modification of water/oil and water/gas relative permeabilities after polymer treatment of oil or gas wells

Polymer treatment of natural water-wet sandstones has been shown to modify water/oil and water/gas relative permeabilities. Although the presence of hydrophilic polymer inside the core is responsible for an increase in irreducible water saturation S/sub wi/, it has little effect on oil relative permeability and even increases the gas relative permeability to some extent. Inversely, the treatment appears to be highly selective; it markedly reduces water relative permeability. During the injection of polymer through a given porous material, the quantity of irreversibly adsorbed polymer remains almost the same, and permeability reduction with regards to produced brine in the presence of residual oil is far greater than in absence of oil. This result is attributed to a sharp decrease in average flow cross-section for the aqueous phase due to the presence of the non-wetting phase in the pore volume.
Umidade crítica de compactação e densidade do solo máxima em resposta a sistemas de manejo num latossolo roxo

O termo compactacao do solo refere-se a compressao do solo nao saturado durante a qual existe um aumento da densidade do solo em consequencia da reducao de seu volume, pela expulsao do ar causado pelo manejo inadequado. Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de diferentes sistemas de manejo na densidade do solo maxima (Dsmax), e na umidade critica de compactacao (Ucrit), realizou-se um experimento em um Latossolo Roxo da Regiao de Lavras (MG), submetido aos seguintes sistemas de manejo: preparo com arado de discos (AD), preparo com escarificador (CM), semeadura direta (SD), preparo com arado de aivecas (AA) e preparo intensivo com grade (GD). O experimento foi instalado, em novembro de 1994, em blocos casualizados. Foram realizadas tres amostragens em 1996: em janeiro, antes da semeadura do feijao; em abril, antes da colheita do feijao, e em novembro, antes da semeadura do milho. As amostras deformadas foram coletadas nas camadas de 0-0,07 e 0,20-0,27 m de profundidade nos sistemas de manejo AD, CM e AA. No sistema de manejo SD, as amostras deformadas foram coletadas nas camadas de 0-0,07 e 0,25-0,32 m de profundidade e, no caso do sistema GD, nas camadas de 0-0,07 e 0,15-0,22 m de profundidade. A partir das curvas de compactacao, obteve-se a densidade do solo maxima. Determinaram-se, ainda, o teor de argila e materia orgânica (MO), o limite de plasticidade (LP) e a agua retida a - 0,033 e - 0,01 MPa. Os valores de (Dsmax), (Ucrit) para os diferentes sistemas de manejo, epoca de coleta e profundidades, nao foram estatisticamente diferentes, nao sendo, portanto, influenciados pelos teores de argila e M.O. Verificou-se que a Ucrit corresponde a 90% do LP e a 90% da agua retida a - 0,01 MPa e aproximadamente igual a agua retida a - 0,033 MPa.
Life cycle assessment and cost analysis of very large‐scale PV systems and suitable locations in the world

Although the Sahara region has a high potential for solar power plants, the amount of installed photovoltaic (PV) system remains relatively low. This paper aims to evaluate these potentials of PV system installation in terms of environmental and economic viewpoints with indices of cost, energy, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Two 1‐GW very large‐scale PV systems are simulated at Ouarzazate in Morocco and at Carpentras in France. The evaluation was performed using life cycle assessment. The lowest energy consumption and GHG emission are obtained while assuming cadmium telluride module. The result of our simulation shows that energy payback time is 0.9 years and CO2 emission rate is 27.4 g‐CO2‐eq/kWh in the Ouarzazate case. In cost estimation, generation costs are 0.06 USD/kWh in Ouarzazate and 0.09 USD/kWh in Carpentras in the case of 3% interest rate and 0.5 USD/W for multicrystalline silicon PV module price. In addition, by adapting 15% internal rate of return for 20% of budget, the generation costs become 0.09 USD/kWh in Ouarzazate and 0.13 USD/kWh in Carpentras under the same condition. Furthermore, the selection for suitable locations to install solar power plants in term of GHG emission is identified using geographical information system. Very high‐potential locations (lower than 38 g‐CO2‐eq/kWh) could be obtained in North Chili, east and west Sahara, and Mexico. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GERMINATION, SODIUM, AND POTASSIUM CONCENTRATIONS OF BARLEY SEEDS AS INFLUENCED BY SALINITY

Seed germination is a major factor limiting the establishment of plants under saline conditions. Six barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were screened for salt tolerance (using NaCl) during seed germination. The uptake of water, and levels of Na+ and K+ of salt sensitive and salt tolerant cultivars, before and after imbibition, were measured to determine the contributions of ionic and osmotic factors to seed different response to salt stress. Imbibition of seeds incubated with NaCl solutions was reduced by approximately 5% for each 100mM increase in NaCl concentration once the level of 100mM NaCl was reached. The Na+ concentration of seeds after imbibition did not differ significantly among cultivars and selective uptake or exclusion of Na+ were not associated with the differences in salinity tolerance. No differences between the two tested cultivars were noted for initial K+ concentration, but the salt tolerant cultivar lost less K+ relative to Na+ uptake than did the salt sensitive cultivar. The adverse effects of salt stress on seed germination might result from internal osmotic or restricted imbibition rather than from ion toxicity effects.
Spherulitic crystallization of β‐In2Te3 by physical vapour deposition

Different morphologies of indium telluride (In2Te3) including novel spherulites were crystallized using the physical vapour deposition (PVD) method, by varying the difference in the growth and source zone temperature (ΔT) of a dual zone horizontal furnace assembled indigenously. Whiskers and kinked needles of In2Te3were grown at ΔT = 250 K and 300 K respectively, maintaining the growth zone at 500 °C. At high supersaturation (Δ T = 400 K), spherulitic crystals were obtained. The stoichiometric composition of these crystals has been confirmed using energy dispersive analysis by x‐rays (EDAX). The structure of β‐In2Te3 spherulitic crystals is identified as zinc blende with lattice parameter a = 6.159 Å, from x‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed the radial structure of the grown spherulites. The growth mechanism for the spherulitic crystallization of β‐In2Te3 crystals has been discussed based on the theoretical models. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New glucosides from Eucalyptus globulus wood, bark and kraft pulps

The chemical composition of the lipophilic fraction of E. globulus extractives has been discussed several times (Swan and Åkerblom 1967; Santos et al. 1997; Wallis and Wearne 1997; del Rı́o et al. 1998; Gutiérrez et al. 1998, 1999). We have also been reporting the identification of several new lipophilic components from Eucalyptus globulus wood and bark (Freire et al. 2002a,b). In the present paper we report the identification of several new glucoside type derivatives in E. globulus wood and inner bark. The behaviour of the newly identified compounds during kraft pulping and ECF bleaching is also briefly discussed.
Effect of various alkaline agents on the size and morphology of nano-sized HKUST-1 for CO2 adsorption

Two type of modulators, including sodium acetate and triethylamine were used to synthesize nanosized HKUST-1 crystals with tailored size and morphology using a coordination modulation method. The results of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and N2 sorption isotherms confirm that the size of the HKUST-1 crystals can be tuned from the micron scale to the nanoscale through precise modulation of the amounts of the modulators. Moreover, hierarchical porous structures are obtained with the addition of modulators. It is suggested that a moderate acid–base environment and capping groups play an important role in controlling the size and morphology of HKUST-1. Dynamic CO2 breakthrough experiments illustrate that the CO2 capacity of nanosized HKUST-1 crystals is superior to that of micron-sized HKUST-1 crystals under low CO2 partial pressure conditions (0.1 bar). Besides, the CO2 adsorption capacity of nanosized HKUST-1 crystals was maintained after ten adsorption/desorption cycles.
A performance comparison between the CEP effective core potential/triple-split basis set approach and an all-electron computational method with emphasis on small Ti and V alkoxide complexes

The structures of 30 neutral and positively charged small clusters were optimized and a number of hypothetical reaction pathways were investigated to compare the performance of the B3LYP/CEP-121G(d) Effective Core Potential/triple-split basis set method (ECP, method 1) and the B3LYP/6-311G(d) approach (method 2) for geometry optimizations. In addition, single point calculations at the B3LYP/CEP-121+G(d,p) (on geometries optimized by method 1) and at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) (on optimized structures from methods 1 and 2) levels were also carried out. The augmented CEP-121G scheme is roughly 1.4 to 2.0 times computationally cheaper than full electron calculations, and is able to reproduce structures, infrared frequencies, thermochemical parameters and dipole moments predicted by the all-electron basis set employed in this study. From a practical viewpoint, the results confirm that ECPs can be used in combination with density functional methods, despite the fact that the former are typically generated via a Ha.
Manufacture of High Pure Titanium(IV) Oxide by the Chloride Process. I. Kinetic Study on Leaching of Ilmenite Ore in Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Kinetic study of the leaching of powdered ilmenite ore was carried out in highly concentrated hydrochloric acid (11.3–11.6 mol dm−3) at temperatures of 30 to 80 °C. The changes in shape and grain size of the ore particles with progress of the leaching was simultaneously observed with X-ray diffraction and electron microscope techniques. Titanium and iron were dissolved in a nearly stoichiometric ratio; the rate of the dissolution was significantly affected by the temperature of the acid solutions. From the analysis of the dissolution rates on the basis of the core-model, it was found that the dissolution rates at temperatures of 30 to 50 °C were well expressed by the rate equation based on the rate-determining step of the surface chemical reaction. The apparent activation energies were 81.2 kJ mol−1 for titanium and 73.2 kJ mol−1 for iron. The rate-determining step of the dissolution was changed at a temperature of about 50–60 °C; the dissolution rates at temperatures of 60 to 80 °C were limited by the di.
Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in the Monoethanolamine-H2O-CO2-O2-SO2 System

The effects of operating parameters on the corrosion of carbon steel in the monoethanolamine (MEA)−H2O−CO2−O2−SO2 system were investigated using two different corrosion measurement techniques. The corrosion studies were conducted using a 273A potentiostat using MEA, O2, and SO2 concentrations and CO2 loading in the ranges of 1−7 kmol/m3, 0−100%, 0−204 ppm, and 0−0.5 mol CO2/mol MEA, respectively, at corrosion temperatures in the range of 303−353 K. The experimental results showed, for the first time, that a higher concentration of SO2 in a simulated flue gas stream induces a higher corrosion rate essentially because of the increase in the hydrogen ion concentration generated by reactions of SO2 and H2O as well as SO2, O2, and H2O. Also, an increase in oxygen concentration in the simulated flue gas stream causes a higher corrosion rate due to the increasing solubility of oxygen and, in turn, a higher amount of dissolved oxygen in the liquid phase. The results further show that an increase in the concentrat.
Impedimetric Immunosensor for Detection of Plum Pox Virus in Plant Extracts

This paper concerns the development of an immunosensor for detection of Plum pox virus in plant extracts. The sensor was based on gold electrodes modified with: 1,6-hexanedithiol, gold nanoparticles, anti-PPV IgG polyclonal antibody and BSA. It was used for determination of the virus in extracts from plum (Prunus domestica) and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves. The proposed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) immunosensor displayed a very good detection limit of 10 pg/mL and a wide dynamic range from 10 pg PPV/ mL to 200 pg/mL. The presence of extracts from plant materials has no influence on the immunosensor’s response. The immunosensor was capable of discriminating between samples from healthy plants and samples containing 0.01 % of extract from infected plant material. The conditions for immunosensor regeneration are also presented.
Effects of a Duct on the Venting of Explosions—Critical Review

Abstract The present paper deals with a study of the effect of ducting on explosions in vented enclosures. The presence of a duct was shown to increase the pressure reached in vented vessels. At the moment it is still not clear what are the main phenomena occurring in ducted-venting systems and no reliable correlations are available for the sizing of ducted vented systems. The only correlation available for gas explosions was developed by Bartknecht (1993) and assumed as a guideline in NFPA 68 (2002) while for dust explosions more correlations are available as reported in VDI 3673 (2002), in NFPA 68 (2002) and in Tamanini and Fisher (2003). This paper presents a critical review of available experimental and theoretical results on gas explosions in vessels vented through a duct that was carried out mainly to understand the role of the phenomena involved. Furthermore, the available correlations for ducted-venting of gaseous explosions of NFPA 68 (2002) and for dust explosions (Tamanini and Fisher, 2003; VDI 3673,2002; NFPA 68,2002) were applied to the experimental results available in the literature, to test their validity and applicability.
Electrical Property of Methylcellulose/Chitosan-NH4NO3-EC Plasticized Polymer Electrolyte

Polymer electrolytes blends of methylcellulose (MC)/chitosan-ammonium triflate (NH4CF3SO3) plasticized with Ethylene Carbonate (EC) were prepared by solution-casting technique. The effect on electrical property was investigated by impedance spectroscopy. Sample with 45 wt% of EC exhibit the highest room temperature conductivity of 2.16 × 10-4 Scm-1. Dielectric data were analyzed for the sample with the highest conductivity.
Electrical detection of electron nuclear double resonance in silicon

Electrical detection of electron nuclear double resonance (EDENDOR) is demonstrated using shallow P donors in silicon. The EDENDOR spectra are compared with conventional ENDOR spectra. With EDENDOR, both the 31P hyperfine as well as 29Si superhyperfine interactions could be resolved. The sensitivity of EDENDOR seems higher compared to conventional ENDOR, especially for the 29Si ligands. EDENDOR is particularly suitable for the study of the microscopic structure of point defects in semiconductors, especially for detection of paramagnetic centers that are present in low concentrations and in small volumes.
Basic one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy

A classic among NMR textbooks, this thoroughly revised and enlarged third edition includes- new treatment of the fundamentals, focusing on pulsed FT methods- description of recently developed techniques, such as pulsed field gradient methods- coverage of software for spectra simulation and spin-echo experiments.Written by an NMR expert with long-standing teaching experience, this text provides students and professionals with a lucidly written introduction to NMR spectroscopy.From reviews of previous editions:'This is an excellent book . we have been using the first edition of the book in our graduate course in NMR for three years and have been very pleased with it. My opinion is that someone who began knowing nothing about NMR could become quite proficient at structure determination by simply mastering the contents of this book. I highly recommend it. 'Journal of the American Chemical Society. 'Almost every course in chemistry and biochemistry nowadays has some NMR component, and the student's interest depends on how the material is delivered. This book is a pleasure to read and if it does not arouse the student's interest, then it is difficult to see what could. It is clearly written and illustrated, with a near perfect balance of mathematics and text. 'Chemistry in Britain
NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE BASEMENT COMPLEX SOILS OF THE TROPICAL, DRY RAINFOREST OF SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA: 2. MICRONUTRIENTS—ZINC AND COPPER

We analyzed 20 soil profiles, representing a cross section of the soils on basement complex in the tropical rainforest of southwestern Nigeria, for total and 0.1 N HCI-, 0.005 M DTPA-, and 0.05 M EDTA-extractable Zn and Cu. The total levels are significantly correlated with the extractable forms. Organic matter levels are positively significantly correlated with the extractable forms of Zn, but correlation with extractable Cu is poor. These elements are cotranslocated with clay and iron oxides and tend to be most abundant where clay is highest. HCl and EDTA have comparable extraction capacities, but DTPA is a much weaker extractant.
Electrical Properties of Gallium Manganese Antimonide: a New Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor

Ga1-x Mnx Sb, a ternary diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) alloy was newly synthesised with different Mn concentrations (x=0.0048, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.14) using Bridgman growth technique. The stoichiometry and the composition were verified by the electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. At room temperature electrical parameters like resistivity, Hall co-efficient, carrier concentration and mobility were determined. The variations of resistivity and Hall co-efficient with temperature were studied and it was found that the alloy was degenerate in nature.
Quantitative determination of glaucocalyxin A in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study

A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of glaucocalyxin A (GLA) in rat plasma using oridonin as an internal standard was developed and validated. Chromatogram separation was performed on a reversed phase C18 column, using acetonitrile: 2 mM ammonium acetate containing 0.05% formic acid (45:55, v/v) as the mobile phase. Detection and quantification were carried out using a mass spectrometer by the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with negative electrospray ionization at m/z 331.1 → 313.3 for glaucocalyxin A and m/z 363.3 → 345.4 for IS, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 5–5000 ng mL−1, with the limit of quantification (LOQ) 5 ng mL−1. The intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 12% in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD), and the accuracy was within −1.96 to 8.17 % in terms of relative error (RE). The extraction recoveries ranged from 78.4% to 84.7% for rat plasma and no matrix effect was found in this method. The method was successfully applied to the characterization of the pharmacokinetic profile of glaucocalyxin A (GLA) in rats after following a single intravenous dose (15 mg kg−1) and three different oral doses (7.5 mg kg−1, 15 mg kg−1, and 30 mg kg−1).