Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING): I. Physical properties of molecular gas in the barred spiral galaxy NGC 2903

We present simultaneous mappings of J=1-0 emission of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O molecules toward the whole disk (8' x 5' or 20.8 kpc x 13.0 kpc) of the nearby barred spiral galaxy NGC 2903 with the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45-m telescope at an effective angular resolution of 20" (or 870 pc). We detected 12CO(J=1-0) emission over the disk of NGC 2903. In addition, significant 13CO(J=1-0) emission was found at the center and bar-ends, whereas we could not detect any significant C18O(J=1-0) emission. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of CO emission and to obtain accurate line ratios of 12CO(J=2-1)/12CO(J=1-0) ($R_{2-1/1-0}$) and 13CO(J=1-0)/12CO(J=1-0) ($R_{13/12}$), we performed the stacking analysis for our 12CO(J=1-0), 13CO(J=1-0), and archival 12CO(J=2-1) spectra with velocity-axis alignment in nine representative regions of NGC 2903. We successfully obtained the stacked spectra of the three CO lines, and could measure averaged $R_{2-1/1-0}$ and $R_{13/12}$ with high significance for all the regions. We found that both $R_{2-1/1-0}$ and $R_{13/12}$ differ according to the regions, which reflects the difference in the physical properties of molecular gas; i.e., density ($n_{\rm H_2}$) and kinetic temperature ($T_K$). We determined $n_{\rm H_2}$ and $T_K$ using $R_{2-1/1-0}$ and $R_{13/12}$ based on the large velocity gradient approximation. The derived $n_{\rm H_2}$ ranges from ~ 1000 cm$^{-3}$ (in the bar, bar-ends, and spiral arms) to 3700 cm$^{-3}$ (at the center) and the derived $T_K$ ranges from 10 K (in the bar and spiral arms) to 30 K (at the center). We examined the dependence of star formation efficiencies (SFEs) on $n_{\rm H_2}$ and $T_K$, and found the positive correlation between SFE and $n_{\rm H_2}$ with the correlation coefficient for the least-square power-law fit $R^2$ of 0.50. This suggests that molecular gas density governs the spatial variations in SFEs.
Very Low Mass Objects in the Coronet Cluster: The Realm of the Transition Disks

We present optical and IR spectra of a set of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the Coronet cluster (aged ~1 Myr), obtained with the multifiber spectrograph FLAMES on the VLT and with the IRS instrument on Spitzer. Most of the objects had been selected via their X-ray emission in a deep Chandra survey. The optical spectra reveal spectral types between M1 and M7.5, confirm the youth of the objects (via Li λ6708 absorption), and show the presence of accretion (via Hα) and shocks (via forbidden line emission). The IRS spectra, together with IR photometry from the IRAC/MIPS instruments on Spitzer and 2MASS, confirm the presence of IR excesses characteristic of disks around ~70% of the objects. Half of the disks do not exhibit any silicate emission or present flat features characteristic of large grains (>6 μm). The rest of the disks show silicate emission with indications of amorphous and crystalline silicate grains a few microns in size. About 50% of the objects with disks do not show near-IR excess emission, corresponding to the presence of “transitional” disks, according to their classical definition. This is a very high fraction for such a young cluster. The large number of “transitional” disks suggests lifetimes comparable to the lifetimes of typical optically thick disks. Therefore, these disks may not be in a short-lived phase, intermediate between Class II and Class III objects. The median SED of the disks in the Coronet cluster is also closer to a flat disk than observed for the disks around solar-type stars in regions with similar age. The differences in the disk morphology and evolution in the Coronet cluster could be related to the fact that these objects have very late spectral types compared to the solar-type stars in other cluster studies. Finally, the optical spectroscopy reveals that one of the X-ray sources is produced by a Herbig-Haro object in the cloud.
A Multimodal Storytelling Intervention for Improving the Reading and Vocabulary Skills of Struggling German-as-a-Second-Language Adolescents With Learning and Behavioral Problems

Students with learning and behavioral problems often face enormous barriers to successful school performance. When the language of instruction is not the students’ first language and they are already in secondary school, this is compounded by additional challenges, especially with regard to vocabulary and reading – subjects that are fundamental to obtaining equal educational opportunities. In addition, difficulties in the language of instruction are often accompanied by declining student motivation. Direct word recognition and vocabulary acquisition are of great importance in language learning contexts. To address these areas, multimodal intervention approaches have proven useful. For this reason, a multimodal storytelling intervention was developed to help this group of students, in par-ticular, to improve significantly in the aforementioned areas. Specifically, a multiple-baseline design across participants (N = 4) was applied to train the sight-word reading and vocabulary of adolescent students with learning and behavioral problems who spoke German as a second language. The training occurred three times a week over a period of five weeks. Results were promising for both variables in a short period of time, suggesting that the storytelling intervention in this form is an appropriate tool for teaching second-language German.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Pharmacodynamics of Mitofusin Activation in Murine Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2A S

Mitofusin (MFN) 1 and MFN2 are dynamin GTPase family mito- chondrial proteins that mediate mitochondrial fusion requiring MFN conformational shifts, formation of macromolecular com- plexes on and between mitochondria, and GTP hydrolysis. Damaging MFN2 mutations cause an untreatable, largely pediatric progressive peripheral neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 2A. We used small molecule alloste- ric mitofusin activators that promote MFN conformations favor-ing fusion to interrogate the effects of MFN2 conformation and GTPase activity on MFN2-mediated mitochondrial fusion and motility in vitro. We translated these findings in vivo by defining dose-dependent pharmacodynamic and disease-modifying effects of mitofusin activators in murine CMT2A. MFN2 catalytic GTPase activity and MFN2 conformational switching are essential for mitochondrial fusion, but the two processes are separate and dissociable. We report the first concentration-response relationships for mitofusin activators to stimulate mitochondrial transport through CMT2A neuronal axons, which is similar to their stimulation of mitochondrial fusion. In CMT2A mice, intermittent (daily short acting) and sustained (twice daily long acting) mitofusin activation were equally effective in reversing neuromuscular degeneration. Moreover, acute dose-dependent pharmacody- namic effects of mitofusin activators on mitochondrial transport through CMT2A neuronal axons anticipated those for long-term reversal of neurodegenerative phenotypes. A crossover study showed that CMT2A neuronal deficits recurred after mitofusin ac- tivators are discontinued, and revealed that CMT2A can be ame-liorated by mitofusin activation even in old ( > 74 week) mice. These data add to our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by a CMT2A MFN2 GTPase mutation and provide additional information supporting the approach of pharmacological mitofusin activation in CMT2A. as they ropathy The results mechanistically link mitochondrial fusion and motility to the relaxed MFN2 protein conformation and correction of mitochondrial abnormalities to in vivo reversal of neurodegeneration in murine CMT2A. mitofusin; mitofusin; multiplicity N-(trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexyl)-6-phenylhexanamide;
Deuterium at high-redshift: Primordial abundance in the zabs = 2.621 damped Ly-alpha system towards CTQ247

We report the detection of neutral deuterium in the low-metallicity damped Lyman-α system at zabs = 2.621 towards the quasar CTQ 247. Using a high signal-to-noise and high spectral resolution (R = 60 000) spectrum from the Very Large Telescope Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph, we precisely measure the deuterium-to-oxygen ratio log N(Di)/N(Oi) = 0.74 ± 0.04, as well as the overall oxygen abundance, logN(Oi)/N(Hi) = −5.30 ± 0.10 (or equivalently [O/H] = −1.99 ± 0.10 with respect to the solar value). Assuming uniform metallicity throughout the system, our measurement translates into (D/H) = (2.8 +0.8 −0.6 ) × 10 −5 . T his ratio is consistent within errors (<0.4σ) with the primordial ratio, (D/H)p = (2.59 ± 0.15) × 10 −5 , predicted by standard Big-Bang nucleosynthesis using the WMAP7 value of the cosmological density of baryons (100 Ωbh 2 = 2.249 ± 0.056). The Di absorption lines are observed to be broader than the Oi absorption lines. From a consistent fit of the profiles we derive the turbulent broadening to be 5.2 km s −1 and the temperature of the gas to be T = 8800 ± 1500 K, corresponding to a warm neutral medium.
Riemann correlator in de Sitter including loop corrections from conformal fields

The Riemann correlator with appropriately raised indices characterizes in a gauge-invariant way the quantum metric fluctuations around de Sitter spacetime including loop corrections from matter fields. Specializing to conformal fields and employing a method that selects the de Sitter-invariant vacuum in the Poincaré patch, we obtain the exact result for the Riemann correlator through order H4/mp4. The result is expressed in a manifestly de Sitter-invariant form in terms of maximally symmetric bitensors. Its behavior for both short and long distances (sub- and superhorizon scales) is analyzed in detail. Furthermore, by carefully taking the flat-space limit, the explicit result for the Riemann correlator for metric fluctuations around Minkowki spacetime is also obtained. Although the main focus is on free scalar fields (our calculation corresponds then to one-loop order in the matter fields), the result for general conformal field theories is also derived.
THE IMMEDIATE AND SUBSEQUENT EFFECTS OF RANKED-CHOICE VOTING ON VOTER TURNOUT

Ranked-Choice Voting (RCV) is a voting system where voters are tasked to rank the candidates in an election. A candidate wins if they have received over 50% of the first-choice vote. If not, the candidate with the least first-choice votes is eliminated, and thus voters' rankings are accordingly adjusted until a winner emerges. There are contradicting opinions about how this voting system affects voter turnout. This paper highlights the effect of RCV on voter turnout in both state elections and presidential elections in Minnesota. The data shows that RCV tends to increase voter turnout and that the increase is more pronounced in subsequent elections after the implementation of RCV.
Incompatibility breaking quantum channels

A typical bipartite quantum protocol, such as EPR-steering, relies on two quantum features, entanglement of states and incompatibility of measurements. Noise can delete both of these quantum features. In this work we study the behavior of incompatibility under noisy quantum channels. The starting point for our investigation is the observation that compatible measurements cannot become incompatible by the action of any channel. We focus our attention to channels which completely destroy the incompatibility of various relevant sets of measurements. We call such channels incompatibility breaking, in analogy to the concept of entanglement breaking channels. This notion is relevant especially for the understanding of noise-robustness of the local measurement resources for steering.
What Sets the Line Profiles in Tidal Disruption Events?

We investigate line formation in gas that is outflowing and optically thick to electron scattering, as may be expected following the tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole. Using radiative transfer calculations, we show that the optical line profiles produced by expanding TDE outflows most likely are primarily emission features, rather than the P-Cygni profiles seen in most supernova spectra. This is a result of the high line excitation temperatures in the highly irradiated TDE gas. The outflow kinematics cause the emission peak to be blueshifted and have an asymmetric red wing. Such features have been observed in some TDE spectra, and we propose that these may be signatures of outflows. We also show that non-coherent scattering of hot electrons can broaden the emission lines by ∼10,000 km s−1, such that the line width in some TDEs may be set by the electron scattering optical depth rather than the gas kinematics. The scattering-broadened line profiles produce distinct, wing-shaped profiles that are similar to those observed in some TDE spectra. The narrowing of the emission lines over time in these observed events may be related to a drop in density rather than a drop in line-of-sight velocity.
Destructive potential of planetary meteotsunami waves beyond the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcano eruption

Worldwide tsunamis driven by atmospheric waves – or planetary meteotsunami waves – are extremely rare events. They mostly occur during supervolcano explosions or asteroid impacts capable to generate atmospheric acoustic-gravity waves including the Lamb waves that can circle the globe multiple times. Recently, such ocean waves have been globally recorded after the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcano eruption on 15 January 2022, but did not pose any serious danger to the coastal communities. However, this study highlights that the mostly ignored destructive potential of planetary meteotsunami waves can be compared to the well-studied tsunami hazards. In practice, several process-oriented numerical experiments are designed to force a global ocean model with the realistic atmospheric response to the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai event rescaled in speed and amplitude. These simulations demonstrate that the meteotsunami surges can be higher than 1 m (and up to 10 m) along more than 7 % of the world coastlines. Planetary meteotsunami waves thus have the potential to cause serious coastal damages and even human casualties during volcanic explosions or asteroid impacts either releasing intense acoustic energy or producing internal atmospheric gravity waves triggering the deep-ocean Proudman resonance at a speed of ~212 m/s. Based on records of catastrophic events in the Earth’s history, both scenarios are found to be realistic and, consequently, the global meteotsunami hazards should now be properly assessed to prepare for the next big volcanic eruption or asteroid impact even occurring inland.
THE MERGER RATE OF BINARY WHITE DWARFS IN THE GALACTIC DISK

We use multi-epoch spectroscopy of ∼4000 white dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to constrain the properties of the Galactic population of binary white dwarf systems and calculate their merger rate. With a Monte Carlo code, we model the distribution of ΔRVmax, the maximum radial velocity shift between exposures of the same star, as a function of the binary fraction within 0.05 AU, fbin, and the power-law index in the separation distribution at the end of the common-envelope phase, α. Although there is some degeneracy between fbin and α, the 15 high-ΔRVmax systems that we find constrain the combination of these parameters, which determines a white dwarf merger rate per unit stellar mass of 1.4+3.4−1.0 × 10−13 yr−1 M−1☉ (1σ limits). This is remarkably similar to the measured rate of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) per unit stellar mass in Milky-Way-like Sbc galaxies. The rate of super-Chandrasekhar mergers is only 1.0+1.6−0.6 × 10−14 yr−1 M−1☉. We conclude that there are not enough close binary white dwarf systems to reproduce the observed SN Ia rate in the “classic” double degenerate super-Chandrasekhar scenario. On the other hand, if sub-Chandrasekhar mergers can lead to SNe Ia, as has been recently suggested by some studies, they could make a major contribution to the overall SN Ia rate. Although unlikely, we cannot rule out contamination of our sample by M-dwarf binaries or non-Gaussian errors. These issues will be clarified in the near future by completing the follow-up of all 15 high-ΔRVmax systems.
Non-Perturbative Guiding Center and Stochastic Gyrocenter Transformations: Gyro-Phase Is the Kaluza-Klein 5 th Dimension also for Reconciling General Relativity with Quantum Mechanics

The non perturbative guiding center transformation is extended to the relativistic regime and takes into account electromagnetic fluctuations. The main solutions are obtained in covariant form: the gyrating particle and the guiding particle solutions, both in gyro-kinetic as in MHD orderings. Moreover, the presence of a gravitational field is also considered. The way to introduce the gravitational field is original and based on the Einstein conjecture on the feasibility to extend the general relativity theory to include electromagnetism by geometry, if applied to the extended phase space. In gyro-kinetic theory, some interesting novelties appear in a natural way, such as the exactness of the conservation of a magnetic moment, or the fact that the gyro-phase is treated as the non observable fifth dimension of the Kaluza-Klein model. Electrodynamics becomes non local, without the inconsistency of self-energy. Finally, the gyrocenter transformation is considered in the presence of stochastic e.m. fluctuations for explaining quantum behaviors via Nelson’s approach. The gyrocenter law of motion is the Schrodinger equation.
Emergency Remote Teaching and the Effects of Online Debate on L2 Speaking Anxiety: Pre-service English Language Teachers’ Perspectives

teacher English the include teacher research, culture in language education, pre- and in-service teacher education and critical thinking in education. numerous articles in indexed journals and book chapters and conducted teacher professional development seminars. Abstract Language learners around the world have had to switch to an online remote teaching mode almost overnight due to the unprecedented COVID-19 global pandemic. Hence, they may experience higher levels of L2 speaking anxiety in their language learning process related to their use of new technologies in online learning environments. This research study provides by language educators with some practical suggestions to help their EFL learners reduce their L2 speaking anxiety levels by analyzing the challenges of emergency remote teaching and investigating the effects of online debate on pre-service English language teachers’ L2 speaking anxiety. The study pursued a mixed method research design. Two sources of data collection were used to explore the participants’ L2 speaking anxiety levels and their perceptions of online debating, including a quantitative review of students’ speaking anxiety levels before and after the online debate sessions, and an open-response questionnaire. The research population included 33 EFL freshmen students (15 males and 18 females), between the ages of 18 and 21, in ELT department at a state university in Turkey. Based on the quantitative and qualitative findings, some pedagogical implications are proposed in the end.
Western Baltic cod in distress: decline in energy reserves since 1977

The western Baltic Sea cod (WBC) stock is at historically low levels, mainly attributed to high fishing pressure and low recruitment. Stable stock assessment metrics suggested recovery potential, given appropriate fisheries management measures. However, changing environmental conditions violate stability assumptions, may negatively affect WBC, and challenge the resource management. The present study explored 42 years of changes in WBC biological parameters. WBC body condition gradually decreased over the last decades for juveniles and adults, with a rapid decrease in recent years when a single cohort dominated the overfished stock. The hepato-somatic index and the muscle weight decreased by 50% and 10% in the last 10 years, respectively, suggesting severely decreasing energy reserves and productivity. The changes in energy reserves were associated with changes in environmental conditions (increase in bottom water temperature, expansion of hypoxic areas during late summer/autumn), and changes in diet composition (less herring). A key bottleneck is the warming and longer-lasting summer period when WBC, trapped between warmed shallow waters and hypoxic deeper waters, have to mobilize energy reserves to account for reduced feeding opportunities and thermal stress. Our results suggest that stock recovery is unlikely to happen by fisheries management alone if environmental trajectories remain unchanged.
Job Loss, Unemployment Insurance and Health: Evidence from Brazil

We study the causal effects of job loss and unemployment insurance (UI) on hospitalization and mortality for Brazilian workers. We construct a novel dataset that merges millions of individual-level administrative records on employment, hospital discharges, and mortality for a period of 17 years. Using a difference-in-differences research design that compares laid-off workers from firms that experienced mass layoffs to similar workers in firms that did not, we find that job loss causes a 30% increase in the probability of male in-patient admission to public hospitals, and a 34% increase in the risk of male mortality. Our estimates are driven primarily by external causes and apply to both older and younger male workers. We find no effects on female outcomes, but children of both male and female workers are subjected to higher risks of hospitalization following their parent’s job dismissal. Using a regression-discontinuity design that exploits variation in UI eligibility following job loss, we show that UI largely offsets the risk of hospitalization for older male workers. Our results indicate that governmental labor market policies can effectively mitigate a substantial portion of the adverse health impacts of job loss.
Research Article Investigating the Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Human Corneal Endothelial Cells

Purpose . To investigate the eﬀects of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) treatment on immortalised human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC-12). Methods . HCEC-12 cells were cultured in diﬀerent concentrations of CoQ10 (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) and analysed using live/dead staining assay to determine appropriate concentration for subsequent experiments. Cells were pretreated with CoQ10 before inducing apoptosis by ethanol (EtOH) treatment for 30 seconds which was followed by posttreatment with CoQ10. Viable, apoptotic, and dead cell proportions were analysed using Annexin V-FITC immunoﬂuorescence staining. Mitochondrial intensity and respiratory functions were also investigated using MitoTracker staining and a Seahorse XFe24 analyser, respectively. Results were compared to a positive control for apoptosis. The experiments were carried out in triplicates. Graphpad prism software was used for statistical analysis where p < 0 . 05 was deemed statistically signiﬁcant. Results . CoQ10 treatment at 0.5% and 1% showed 92% and 30% viable cells compared with 0.1% and 0.2% that showed 96% and 94% viable cells, respectively ( p � 0 . 0562). 0.1% and 0.2% concentrations were, thus, used for subsequent experiments. Annexin V-FITC apoptotic analysis showed 2% at 0.1% and 3% at 0.2% of apoptotic cells ( p � 0 . 0824). Mitochondrial respiratory function and mitochondrial intensity increased in apoptotic cells following 0.1% CoQ10 treatment. Conclusion . 0.1% CoQ10 was found optimal for reducing apoptosis and increasing metabolic activity on human corneal endothelial cell line. These results support the need for further ex vivo studies to investigate the safety proﬁle of CoQ10 as an antiapoptotic agent for human corneal endothelium.