Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depositional architecture and evolution of progradationally stacked lobe complexes in the Eocene Central Basin of Spitsbergen

The down‐dip portion of submarine fans comprises terminal lobes that consist of various gravity flow deposits, including turbidites and debrites. Within lobe complexes, lobe deposition commonly takes place in topographic lows created between previous lobes, resulting in an architecture characterized by compensational stacking. However, in some deep water turbidite systems, compensational stacking is less prominent and progradation dominates over aggradation and lateral stacking. Combined outcrop and subsurface data from the Eocene Central Basin of Spitsbergen provide a rare example of submarine fans that comprise progradationally stacked lobes and lobe complexes. Evidence for progradation includes basinward offset stacking of successive lobe complexes, a vertical change from distal to proximal lobe environments as recorded by an upward increase in bed amalgamation, and coarsening and thickening upward trends within the lobes. Slope clinoforms occur immediately above the lobe complexes, suggesting that a shelf‐slope system prograded across the basin in concert with deposition of the lobe complexes. Erosive channels are present in proximal axial lobe settings, whereas shallow channels, scours and terminal lobes dominate further basinward. Terminal lobes are classified as amalgamated, non‐amalgamated or thin‐bedded, consistent with turbidite deposition in lobe axis, off‐axis and fringe settings, respectively. Co‐genetic turbidite–debrite beds, interpreted as being deposited from hybrid sediment gravity flows which consisted of both turbulent and laminar flow phases, occur frequently in lobe off‐axis to fringe settings, and are rare and poorly developed in channels and axial lobe environments. This indicates bypass of the laminar flow phase in proximal settings, and deposition in relative distal unconfined settings. Palaeocurrent data indicate sediment dispersal mainly towards the east, and is consistent with slope and lobe complex progradation perpendicular to the NNW–SSE trending basin margin.
Macroecological patterns in coarse-grained microbial communities

Microbial communities are intrinsically hierarchical due to the shared evolutionary history of community members. This history is primarily captured through taxonomic assignment and phylogenetic reconstruction, sources of information that are frequently used to group microbes into higher levels of organization in experimental and natural communities. However, our understanding of how community diversity depends on one’s scale of observation has yet to be systematically examined. This omission is not simply a methodological detail, as the shared history of community members captured by taxonomic and phylogenetic information provides an opportunity to investigate how patterns of diversity and abundance (i.e., macroecology) are altered across scales of organization. Here, we evaluate the extent that macroecological laws endure across taxonomic and phylogenetic scales among disparate environments using data from the Earth Microbiome Project. We found that measures of biodiversity at a given scale can be consistently predicted using predictions derived from a minimal model containing zero free parameters, the Stochastic Logistic Model of growth (SLM). Extending these within-scale results, we examine the relationship between measures of biodiversity calculated at different scales (e.g., genus vs. family), an empirical prediction known as the Diversity Begets Diversity (DBD) hypothesis. We found that the relationship between richness estimates at different scales can be quantitatively predicted assuming Independence among community members. Contrastingly, only by including correlations between species (i.e., interactions) can we predict the relationship between estimates of diversity at different scales. The results of this study characterize novel microbial patterns across scales of organization and establish a sharp demarcation between recently proposed macroecological patterns that can and cannot be captured by a minimal model of biodiversity.
Correction of the Meteosat-5 and -6 radiometer solar channel spectral response with the Meteosat-7 sensor spectral characteristics

This Letter suggests the substitution of the spectral response of the Meteosat-5 and -6 radiometer solar channel by the one of the Meteosat-7 radiometer. This replacement is motivated by an inaccurate spectral characterisation of the former two radiometers. The impact of this correction on the vicarious calibration of the solar channel is assessed. When the original sensor response is used, a difference of about 20% is found between calibration coefficients derived over sea and bright desert. This difference drops to about 1% when the sensor spectral response of the Meteosat-7 radiometer is used for the calibration of the Meteosat-5 and -6 radiometer solar channel.
Exploration of the utility of a brief swallow screening protocol with comparison to concurrent videofluoroscopy Exploration de l’utilité d’un bref protocole de dépistage des troubles de déglutition en comparaison avec une vidéofluoroscopie simultanée

This study involved a direct blinded comparison between the results of a brief, standardized swallowing screening protocol and videofluoroscopy of exactly the same swallows. Forty adults participated. Each participant completed a brief swallow screening protocol involving tongue lateralization, voluntary cough, a voice task, and 2 swallowing tasks (3 swallows of 5cc thin liquid barium suspension and a cup-drinking task). We collected time-linked radiographic data and a high-definition movie of the participant’s face, head and neck. The movie data were rated by 7 blinded clinicians (nurses and speech-language pathologists) for evidence of clinical signs associated with dysphagia. The videofluoroscopy data were rated by a separate panel of blinded speech-language pathologists for evidence of penetration-aspiration and post-swallow pharyngeal residues. Predictive statistics were calculated for the movie rating results, compared to the videofluoroscopy results. The results showed that none of the screening questions met our criteria for adequate predictive power: sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values > 0.6, a false negative rate < 0.2 and a positive likelihood ratio > 1.0. We conclude that swallow screening decisions based on a series of 3-4 thin liquid swallows do not have good clinical utility for detecting dysphagia or penetration-aspiration. We discuss a number of issues in swallow screening research that may have contributed to the difference in these results compared to other studies.
Efficacy and safety of pirfenidone for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating chronic fibrotic lung disease. Although the precise cause of the disease is still unknown, recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis involves multiple mechanisms, with abnormal behavior of alveolar epithelial cells considered a primary event. Pirfenidone is a multifunctional, orally available small molecule with anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative activities, and has been shown to be a modulator of cytokines and growth factors, including TGF- β 1, TNF- α , bFGF, IFN- γ , IL-1 β , and IL-18 in animal models. Although its precise mechanism of action is not currently clear, pirfenidone is considered to exert inhibitory effects on multiple pathways involved in the pathogenesis of IPF. Two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials in Japan demonstrated that pirfenidone significantly reduced the rate of decline of vital capacity in IPF patients. A Phase III study showed a significant increase in progression-free survival of patients in pirfenidone-treated groups compared to the placebo group. These results paved the way for the approval of pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF patients in Japan in 2008. The promising results of the Phase II study in Japan led to a larger international Phase III trial (CAPACITY). Subsequently, pirfenidone has also been approved in the European Union, South Korea, and Canada to date. Pirfenidone treatment is generally tolerated. Major adverse events are gastrointestinal symptoms, including decreased appetite, abdominal discomfort and nausea, photosensitivity, and fatigue, but many of these are mild and manageable. Clinical experience has shown that reduction in pirfenidone dose and the supportive use of gastrointestinal drugs are effective ways to manage these symptoms. Thus, pirfenidone treatment provides a means of intervention in the clinical course of IPF, and is a promising candidate for improving patient prognosis. For future development, it is important to establish the appropriate modality of treatment with pirfenidone and/or novel potential drugs.
Diversidad, estructura y productividad de bosques templados de Durango, México

There is little quantitative evidence of the effect of diversity and structural complexity on stand productivity of temperate coniferous forests of northern Mexico. Our observations indicate that well-balanced canopy strata, unequal diameter structure and tree diversity enhance stand productivity. Although further research is required to understand the long term effect of tree diversity and canopy structure on stand productivity, these preliminary observations emphasize the importance of promoting silvicultural practices to maintain stand structure and diversity in forest management plans and silvicultural prescriptions that aim to maintain ecosystem functions, diversity and productivity.
The application of LEPS technique for Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (QPF) in Southern Italy

Abstract. This paper reports preliminary results of a Limited area model Ensemble Prediction System (LEPS), based on RAMS, for eight case studies of moderate-intense precipitation over Calabria, the southernmost tip of the Italian peninsula. LEPS aims to transfer the benefits of a probabilistic forecast from global to regional scales in countries where local orographic forcing is a key factor to force convection. To accomplish this task and to limit computational time, in order to implement LEPS operational, we perform a cluster analysis of ECMWF-EPS runs. Starting from the 51 members that forms the ECMWF-EPS we generate five clusters. For each cluster a representative member is selected and used to provide initial and dynamic boundary conditions to RAMS, whose integrations generate LEPS. RAMS runs have 12 km horizontal resolution. Hereafter this ensemble will be referred also as LEPS_12L30. To analyze the impact of enhanced horizontal resolution on quantitative precipitation forecast, LEPS_12L30 forecasts are compared to a lower resolution ensemble, based on RAMS that has 50 km horizontal resolution and 51 members, nested in each ECMWF-EPS member. Hereafter this ensemble will be also referred as LEPS_50L30. LEPS_12L30 and LEPS_50L30 results were compared subjectively for all case studies but, for brevity, results are reported for two "representative" cases only. Subjective analysis is based on ensemble-mean precipitation and probability maps. Moreover, a short summary of objective scores. Maps and scores are evaluated against reports of Calabria regional raingauges network. Results show better LEPS_12L30 performance compared to LEPS_50L30. This is obtained for all case studies selected and strongly suggests the importance of the enhanced horizontal resolution, compared to ensemble population, for Calabria, at least for set-ups and case studies selected in this work.
Glacier volume‐area relation for high‐order mechanics and transient glacier states

Glacier volume is known for less than 0.1% of the world's glaciers, but this information is needed to quantify the impacts of glacier changes on global sea level and regional water resources. Observations indicate a power‐law relation between glacier area and volume, with an exponentγ≈ 1.36. Through numerical simulations of 3D, high‐order glacier mechanics, we demonstrate how different topographic and climatic settings, glacier flow dynamics, and the degree of disequilibrium with climate systematically affect the volume‐area relation. We recommend more accurate scaling relations through characterization of individual glacier shape, slope and size. An ensemble of 280 randomly‐generated valley glaciers spanning a spectrum of plausible glaciological conditions yields a steady‐state exponentγ= 1.46. This declines to 1.38 for glaciers that are 100 years into a sustained retreat, which corresponds exceptionally well with the observed value for present‐day glaciers.
Low photolability of yedoma permafrost dissolved organic carbon 2

Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria. ac.uk/policies.html
Mantle hotspots, plumes and regional tectonics as causes of intraplate magmatism

In continental areas it is often difficult to determine the cause of intraplate magmatism. Large volumes of magma, high eruption rates, and the presence of a hotspot trace on the adjacent ocean floor, are all evidence for the presence of an anomalously hot mantle. However, in many continental magmas there are chemical variations with time which are inferred to reflect changes from asthenospheric to predominantly lithospheric source regions, or vice versa. It is argued that these chemical characteristics constrain whether magmatism was triggered by the emplacement of a mantle plume, or by lithospheric extension.
Clinical properties of a novel, glistening-free, single-piece, hydrophobic acrylic iOL

: A new, single-piece, hydrophobic acrylic lens – the first constructed with a lens optic and haptics comprised of a hydroxyethyl methacrylate-polyethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate–styrene copolymer, cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and labeled as “glistening-free” – was recently introduced globally. Glistenings have been a significant source of clinical concern with previous hydrophobic lens designs. This new monofocal lens provides enhanced, clear optics for lens-based surgery. The superior optical clarity of this lens is achieved through the elimination of glistenings, enhanced surface durability, high refractive index, a high Abbe number, and an aspheric design. Additionally, the lens design reduces the risk of developing posterior capsule opacification. Optometry; in
A garnet-two-mica granite, Coyote Mountains, southern Arizona: Geologic setting, uranium-lead isotopic systematics of zircon, and nature of the granite source region

The 58-m.y. -old Pan Tak Granite, considered representative of the widespread early Tertiary garnet-two-mica granites of south-central Arizona, consists of biotite and muscovite-biotite granite intruded by garnet-muscovite and garnet-biotite granite and associated pegmatite. Textural evidence indicates that muscovite is a primary, magmatic mineral. The granite was intruded into Jurassic dioritic to granitic rocks and Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks during a latest Cretaceous and early Tertiary regional metamorphic episode. Part of the pluton was subsequently mylonitized during an early or middle Tertiary deformational episode of “metamorphic-core-complex” aspect. The fabrics produced by these two metamorphic episodes differ in distribution, style, orientation, and, probably, age. The zircon population of the Pan Tak Granite consists of a mixture of small euhedral crystals and larger, rounded crystals with or without overgrowths. Uranium-lead isotopic ratios of five size fractions of discordant zircon define a chord with a lower concordia intercept age of 58 ± 2 m.y. and a late Precambrian upper intercept. 207 Pb*/ 206 Pb* ages range from 214 m.y. for the finest fraction to 434 m.y. for the coarsest fraction. The Pan Tak discordia is interpreted as a mixing line between 58-m.y. -old magmatic zircon and an older zircon component largely or entirely of late Precambrian age. Geologic and isotopic evidence indicates that this older zircon component was not assimilated from the country rocks but, rather, was inherited from the source material of the granite. The presence of this inherited zircon indicates that the Pan Tak magma was produced by melting of crustal rocks containing late Precambrian zircon. This source material was probably the 1.7- to 1.4-b.y. -old crystalline basement of south-central Arizona. Generation of the Pan Tak and related granites by crustal anatexis was one aspect of a latest Cretaceous to early Tertiary orogenic episode in south-central Arizona.
Intraseasonal variability of terrestrial biospheric CO2 fluxes over India during summer monsoons.

The intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in terrestrial biospheric fluxes of carbondioxide (CO2) over the Indian subcontinent were investigated for the summer monsoon season from June to September. We utilized two optimized datasets of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) fluxes of CO2 at a spatial resolution of 1° × 1° grid and at daily time scale for the years 2000–2009. Seasonally, over the whole of Indian subcontinent, terrestrial biospheric CO2 fluxes were found to be a net source (sink) during June and July (August and September). Intraseasonal variability of CO2 fluxes for the two distinct time scales, 30–60 days and 10–20 days, was extracted with a spectral harmonic filter. The dominant ISO mode in the CO2 flux over India is at a period of 60 days or longer during weak monsoons years but at 10–30 days for strong monsoon years. The ISOs of CO2 flux show coherent structures along with corresponding rainfall ISOs at a 2–3 day lag (CO2 lags rainfall) and nearly 3–4 day lag with ISOs in surface air‐temperature (CO2 lags air‐temperature). The ranges of these lags are consistent in the two data products examined here. The apparent lags between CO2 flux and rainfall ISOs are found to be induced by the temperature effects on net primary production (NPP) and ecosystem respiration (RE). The terrestrial biospheric fluxes over the subcontinent are coherent with the northward propagating summer monsoon ISOs albeit as a combination of rainfall, available radiation, and air‐temperature. The study offers a mechanistic understanding of variability of terrestrial biospheric sources and sinks of CO2 over the Indian subcontinent, in tandem with the intraseasonal variability of the summer monsoon rainfall.
Palaeomagnetism of Ordovician and Silurian rocks from the Chu-Yili and Kendyktas mountains, south Kazakhstan

SUMMARY Despite significant progress during the last decade, the overwhelming majority of the details of the crustal evolution of Kazakhstan remain enigmatic. The central question of whether Kazakhstan amalgamated during the Ordovician and has acted as a coherent microplate since or whether Kazakhstan is the result of continuous accretion of terranes and arcs along a major subduction system throughout the Palaeozoic is still unanswered. Defining structural units and reconstructing their interaction relative to each other and with respect to Siberia and Baltica will improve our understanding of continent formation in Central Asia. Addressing this problem, a detailed palaeomagnetic study of the Palaeozoic formations in the Chu-Yili and Kendyktas mountains, south Kazakhstan was undertaken. Detailed stepwise thermal demagnetization experiments reveal the presence of a post-folding component of magnetization with intermediate to high unblocking temperatures (component A) in almost all samples. The in situ mean directions identified in 31 sites range in declination between 150 ◦ and 260 ◦ and show intermediate and upward pointing inclinations; based on the mean inclination a late Palaeozoic to early Mesozoic age is assumed for this secondary component of magnetization. After removal of component A a second component of magnetization (component B) was identified in red coloured argillites of early Arenigian age (Kendyktas Mountains) as well as in sediments of Early Silurian and Late Silurian to Early Devonian age (Chu-Yili Mountains). Component B passes the fold test (Enkin 2003) on the 95 per cent confidence level and yields a bedding-corrected site mean direction of D = 9.2 ◦ , I =− 16.9 ◦ (five sites, k = 26.9, α 95 = 15.0 ◦ ) for the Lower Ordovician unit and D = 346.9 ◦ , I =+ 23.8 ◦ (eight sites, k = 20.8, α 95 = 12.4 ◦ ) for the Silurian and Lower Devonian units. Based on the age of angular unconformities, the timing of regional deformation in the Agalatas area can be constrained to be Late Ordovician in age and Middle Devonian in the Chu-Yili area. Based on the mean inclination, a southerly palaeolatitude of 8.6 ◦ ‐8.7 ◦ /+ 7.6 ◦ can be derived for the study area during the Early to Late Ordovician and a northerly palaeolatitude of 12.4 ◦ + 7.7 ◦ /− 6.6 ◦ for the Silurian to Early Devonian. The observed mean declinations for the post-folding component A are significantly different from the expected reference directions for the Permian based on either the apparent polar wander path for Baltica or Siberia and suggest counter-clockwise rotations of Kazakhstan with respect to both during Devonian to Permian time.
Modeling runoff and sediment yields from combined in-field crop practices using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool

Cropland best management practice recommendations often combine improvements to both tillage and fertilizer application practices to reduce sediment losses with surface runoff. This study evaluated the impact of conventional-till and no-till management practices with surface or deep-banded fertilizer application in sorghum-soybean rotation on runoff and sediment-yield predictions using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The model was calibrated using USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service runoff curve number for antecedent moisture condition II (CNII), saturated hydraulic conductivity, and available water capacity parameters for runoff and USLE cropping factor (Cmin) for sediment-yield predictions for three field plots (0.39 to 1.46 ha [0.96 to 3.6 ac]) with different combinations of practices and validated for three field plots (0.40 to 0.56 ha [1.0 to 1.4 ac]) over a period of 2000 to 2004. Surface runoff calibration required CNII values greater than the recommended baseline values. No-till treatments required slightly greater curve number values than the till treatment, and this difference was similar to that associated with increasing the soil hydrologic group by one classification. Generally the model underpredicted the sediment yield for all management practices. Baseline Cmin values were adequate for treatments with soil disturbance, either by tillage or fertilizer deep-banding, but best-fit Cmin values for field conditions without soil disturbance (no-till with surface-broadcast fertilizer) were 2.5 to 3 times greater than baseline values. These results indicate current model limitations in modeling undisturbed (no-till) field management conditions, and caution that models calibrated for fields or watersheds predominated by tilled soil conditions may not function equally well in testing management scenarios without tillage.