Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Breakdown of Anti-Racist Norms: A Natural Experiment on Normative Uncertainty after Terrorist Attacks

Terrorist attacks can have profound consequences for the erosion of social norms, yet the causes of this erosion are not well understood. We argue that these attacks create substantial uncertainty about whether norms of civic conversation still hold. Observing breaches of these norms then leads people to express their own anti-immigrant attitudes more readily, as compared to a context where these norms are unambiguous. To test our theory, we examine (i) the impact of terrorist attacks on the level of hate speech against refugees in online discussions, and (ii) how the effect of terrorist attacks depends on the uncertainty about social norms of prejudice expression. To this end, we report on the results of a unique combination of a natural and a lab-in-the-field experiment. We exploit the occurrence of two consecutive Islamist terrorist attacks in Germany, the Würzburg and Ansbach attacks, in July 2016. Hateful comments towards refugees in an experimental online forum, but not towards other minority groups (i.e., gender rights), increased as a result of the attacks. The experiment compares the effect of the terrorist attacks in contexts where a descriptive norm against the use of hate speech is emphasized, i.e., participants observe only neutral or positive comments towards a minority group, to contexts in which the norm is ambiguous because participants observe anti-minority comments. Observing anti-immigrant comments had a considerable impact on our participants’ own comments after the attacks, while observing anti-gender-rights comments did not. We end by discussing implications of the findings for the literature on social norms, sociological methods and policy.
A Robust Complementary Filter Approach for Attitude Estimation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using AHRS

Most attitude filters utilise the accelerometer as a vector measurement of gravity to estimate pitch and roll angles; however, during accelerated flight, this assumption does not hold. This paper develops a robust attitude filter model that determines when the accelerometers can be used as vector measurements by using a time-dependent model of steadiness. Furthermore, a gyro measurement model is developed using a Gaussian random walk model as the basis for bounding bias estimates and rejecting improbable estimates that arise from slow dynamics or transitioning from steady to dynamic motion. Monte-Carlo simulations using test cases with dynamic motion were performed to verify its performance. The bias is accurately tracked and gyro integration performance during unsteady motion ultimately improved. Moreover, roll dynamics were tracked more accurately than current stateof-the-art complementary filters.
When Design Meets Intelligence: Incorporating Aesthetic Intelligence in Smart Spaces

This paper illustrates the motivation and objectives of the third international workshop on Aesthetic Intelligence. The workshop aims at bringing together researchers as well as industry practitioners from the fields of computer science, engineering, architecture, industrial and interface design to discuss ongoing research activities and emerging trends in the area of smart environments. A special focus of the workshop is on the role of aesthetic design for the acceptance and adoption of services in smart environments.
The Effect of Metformin on the Clinicopathological Features of Breast Cancer With Type 2 Diabetes

Background The present study aimed to review the use of hypoglycemic drugs and clinicopathological data in breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to investigate the effect of metformin on the clinicopathological features of breast cancer in patient with T2DM. Methods Eighty-nine patients with breast cancer hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 2012 to December 2014 were included. Thirty-three patients were on metformin (metformin group) and 56 patients were on control group. Streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) method was used to quantify protein expression of molecular markers (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)), molecular markers of proliferation (Ki-67 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) molecular markers (matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), E-cadherin and downstream N-cadherin). Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect HER-2 (+ and ++). Results The rate of lymph node metastasis and the level of Ki-67/MMP-2 in the metformin group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of luminal pattern in metformin group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). However, there were no differences in the parameters of age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, tumor size, histological grade of cancer and clinical pathological features between the two groups. No significant difference was observed in the expressions of ER, PR, HER-2, EGFR, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and the recurrence rate between two groups. Conclusions Metformin is associated with luminal breast cancer and can inhibit breast cancer invasion and metastasis in some cases. It may be associated with EMT and is beneficial to the prognosis of breast cancer.
Delonix regia extracts as non – toxic corrosion inhibitor for acid corrosion of mild steel in HCl solution

The corrosion inhibition properties of Delonix regia leaf extract (DLE), flower extract (DFE) and seed extract (DSE) in 0. 5 M HCl solutions were studied using weight loss technique. D. regia extracts inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in HCl solution. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing concentration of the extracts at 30°C. The seed extract (DSE) was found to be more effective than both the leaf (DLE) and flower extracts (DFE) at the lowest concentration. The results obtained revealed that the adsorption of the inhibitor molecule onto mild steel surface accords with Lanqmuir adsorption isotherm.
Use of daily robotic progesterone data for improving fertility traits in Finnish Ayrshire

Currently, cow’s ability to return to cyclicity after calving is mostly evaluated using the first insemination measurements, which are highly influenced by management decisions. However, if consecutive progesterone measurements are used the first heat can be identified accurately even if the cow does not show the clear signs of heat. The data from 14 Finnish dairy herds using DeLaval Herd NavigatorTM (HN) system were used to study cow’s ability of returning to cyclicity after calving. 1230 Ayrshire cows from parities 1-3 were included in the analysis. The HN system takes milk progesterone samples automatically during milking and apply biological models to calculate the time of oestrus and probability for pregnancy if the cow is inseminated. In this study, the data of the first heat identified by the HN system (CFH) based on progesterone concentrations between 1-100d after calving was used. Commencement of luteal activity (C-LA) was also studied. For first parity cows the mean number of days were 49.9, 38.1, 78.9 and 30.5 for CFH, C-LA, interval from calving to the first insemination (CFI) and interval from first to last insemination (IFL), respectively. Most of the cows in the data had been inseminated for the second heat identified by the HN system. When phenotypic estimates were compared with those from previous studies CFI was 4.5d shorter and IFL 10.3d shorter in HN herds for the first parity Ayrshire cows. Heritability estimates for first parity cows were calculated using DMU software and the linear animal model being 0.27±0.13, 0.23±0.12, 0.07±0.07 and 0.03±0.06 for CFH, C-LA, CFI and IFL, respectively. Genetic correlation between CFH and C-LA for the first parity cows was high, being 0.95±0.06. Because of the small number of animals in the data most of the estimates had high standard errors. However, the magnitudes of the estimates are in line with previous studies where higher heritability estimates have been found for endocrine fertility traits than traditional fertility traits. Results suggest that using milk progesterone information to detect heats shortened CFI in first parity cows and IFL in parity 1-3 cows.
Explaining Uneven EU Integration Trajectories: A Comparison of the Euro Crisis and the Refugee Crisis

The objective of this contribution is to account for the different integration trajectories that can be observed during two of the most recent governance challenges faced by the European Union (EU). While the euro crisis triggered a veritable integration boost, the refugee crisis has led to calls for reforms, most of which have – to date  not been adopted or implemented. We employ an intergovernmentalist framework and show that differences in member states’ preferences in the two crises ensue from different exposures to negative externalities. Moreover, we attribute the differences in integration outcomes to different situation structures. While the EU’s response to the euro crisis reflects a Chicken game situation, emphasizing both redistributive conflict and joint action, the response to the refugee crisis resembles a Rambo game situation: the states least affected by migratory pressure were satisfied with the status quo, leaving the more affected states aggrieved.
Shoots Multiplication Media Formulation of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Using Photoautotrofic Techniques

Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) has the potential to be used as functional food due to its anthocyanin content, a pigment that causes tuber meat purple. The unavailability of purple sweet potato seeds which are free of pests and diseases caused the need for in vitro multiplication methods of sweet potato seeds using photoautotrophic culture techniques. Photoautotrophic is a method of micropropagation using sugar-free medium, thus the need for carbohydrates for growth depends on photosynthesis. Photoautotrophic techniques need to be developed to increase the resistance of plantlets when transferred to ex vitro conditions. The study aimed to obtain a planting medium formulation on the rate of shoots multiplication in the photoautotrophic technique. The research conducted was a formulation with the simplification of MS medium by reducing macronutrients to 1⁄2; and 1/3 of its normal concentration in the photoautotrophic technique with radiation levels of 8, 16 and 24 hours using a completely randomized design (CRD). The results obtained were in the form of media 1⁄2 MS + BAP 3 mg / L + NAA 1 mg / L gave the best media formulation in the photoautotrophic technique for multiplication of shoots with number of leaves, number of shoots, and more plant nodes than other medium formulations at the irradiation level of 8, 16 and 24 hours.
Togethering and positioning: The experience of registered nurses of clinically inflicted pain

This study explored the experience of registered nurses of clinically inflicted pain (CIP). This study showed that the experience of nurses is distinctly different from the experience of patients. This study revealed the constructed nature of CIP and nurses estimation of CIP’s painfulness. Nurses utilized a number of processes to alleviate their discomfort associated with having to inflict pain. Nurses also utilized processes that effectively changed CIP to mean something other than pain, specifically the processes of unmaking the patient experience and remaking of CIP. Some nurses were conflicted at least some of the time about CIP. This created a theoretical problem, which let to the discovery of the theory of togethering, the bringing together of the professional nurse (defined solely by education, training, and skill) and the nurse person (broadly defined as a human being who is also a professional nurse). The nurse person positions the professional nurse in the various processes utilized by nurses, a process I called positioning. I argue that it is the nurse person who distinguishes the professional nurse. The theory of togethering defines nurses by who
Prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension among the pregnant women in selected Rural Health Center in Sunamganj, Bangladesh

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy is one of the major causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity, mortality, premature birth, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and low birth weight and solely maternal mortality is account for 10-15% of maternal deaths in developing countries. Each year, an estimated 2.9 million babies die during the neonatal period and 2.6 million babies are stillborn around the world due to presence of PIH in pregnancy. According to WHO 2018, the rate of stillbirth is 21.9 per 1000 births in women with a pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). The objectives of the study is to estimate the prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension during pregnancy in a selected rural health center in Bangladesh. Methods & Materials: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to capture demographic data, obstetric history and on PIH status. The 80 pregnant women with on or above 20 weeks of gestation admitted in the Rural Health Centre or who sought outdoor service were enrolled in the study through purposive sampling technique who met the inclusion criteria. Data on PIH was extracted based on hypertension with on or above systolic and diastolic blood pressure140 mmHg and 90 mmHg respectively and presence of anemia, oedema, vertigo, sudden weight gain, insomnia and oliguria throughclinical examination and measuring blood pressure (BP) using predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the women was found to have24.72 (±SD). The prevalence of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) was found 7/80 × 100 = 8.75%. More than 57% of PIH was mild, followed by around 29% and 14% of PIH were moderate and severe respectively. History of hypertension, LUCS (The lower uterine segment cesarean section), abortion and stillbirth were found 5 (6.25%), 17 (21.25%), 21 (26.25%) and 13 (16.25%) respectively. Seven out of 80 pregnant women were found to have hypertension with the presence of anemia, oedema, vertigo, sudden weight gain, insomnia and oliguria. Conclusion: Being a rural health center the prevalence study stands 8.75% which is most usual. In developing countries it is near about 10-15%. Worldwide the ranges vary from 5-8%. The study reveals that among the patients with PIHMost are Primi, Age varies form 18-25 years. They are of low socio economic status and poorly educated.
Characterization of Novel Truncated Variants Identified From Indian Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Cases

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common, late-onset and genetically heterogenous disorder. Altered genetic background is the prime cause of ADPKD. Most of the cases showed mutations in PKD1 , PKD2 , GANAB and DNAJB11 . Previous mutation screening studies reported that PKD1 and PKD2 are the major contributors to the disease. Among all types of DNA sequence variants, majority of the variants are protein truncating in nature. Loss of normal polycystin 1 (PC1) and polycystin 2 (PC2) proteins, encoded by PKD1 and PKD2 respectively, leads to the disease manifestation. Methods: Three cases and 100 controls were selected for mutational screening of PKD1 and PKD2 gene using Sanger sequencing. To characterize the variants, in silico (mutation taster, Align-Grantham Variation Grantham Deviation (Align-GVGD), Polymorphism Phenotyping v2 (PolyPhen2), Protein Variation Effect Analyzer (PROVEAN), Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant (SIFT), Polycystic Kidney Disease Mutation Database (PKDB), ProtScale and protein Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST-p)) as well as in vitro (Western blot) studies were performed. Results: We have identified a total of 14 variants (three truncating, three nonsynonymous, seven synonymous and one intronic). Three deletions ( PKD1: c.445_445delC, PKD2: c.854_854delG and PKD2 : c.1050_1050delC) were confirmed as rare, private and novel mutations in Indian ADPKD cases. Rest 11 variants were previously reported and likely neutral in nature. Loss of conservation of amino acid, decreased hydrophobicity and decreased coil forming ability of truncated proteins were supposed to affect the protein functions. Immunoblotting verified the expression of truncated proteins in cell. Conclusions: We can conclude that identified deletion variants were truncating in nature and hence they were pathogenic mutations responsible for disease manifestation. World J Nephrol Urol. 2020;9(1):15-24 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/wjnu392
Multicultural Nationalism

This book is a pioneering study of how multiculturalism interacts with sub-state nationalism in Britain. It gives equal attention to Scotland’s largest ‘visible’ and ‘invisible’ minorities: ethnic Pakistanis (almost all of them Muslim) and English immigrants; and to the Islamophobia and Anglophobia of majority Scots. Rising Scottish self-consciousness could have threatened both these minorities. But in reality, problems proved to be solutions, integrating rather than alienating. In the eyes of the minorities, the devolution of power to a Scottish Parliament has made Scots at once more proud and less xenophobic. English immigrants also felt that devolution has defused tensions, calmed frustrations, and forced Scots to blame themselves rather than others for their problems. Muslims suffered increased harassment after 9/11, although less in Scotland than elsewhere. Consciously or unconsciously, they continued to use Scottish identities and even Scottish nationalism as tools of integration. Conversely, nationalism in Scotland did not increase the majority’s Islamophobia as it did in England and elsewhere. The book is based on extensive quotations from focus-group discussions with minorities, in-depth interviews with elites, and statistical analysis of large-scale surveys of minorities and majorities.
Firm Uncertainty and Household Spending

By mapping households to US employers traded in the stock market and using daily spending data, we provide novel evidence of household spending response to employer-specific forward-looking volatility shocks. A 10 percent change in firm uncertainty leads households to change their average monthly spending over the next 6-months by -0.95 percent. This negative second-moment firm uncertainty effect is larger than the positive first-moment effect of firm stock returns. The employer-specific effect is robust to both industry- and aggregate-level volatility effects. The intensity of the response increases in the forecast horizon window, lasting nine months. The response is pronounced for low-liquidity households, and for households that work at firms that recently had low employee growth, high CAPM Beta, and low Tobin's Q. Lastly, household spending shows an asymmetric response to `good' and `bad' uncertainty.
The Impact of Taxpayers’ Perception of Comptetence and Integrity of Tax Officials on Companies Income Tax Compliance Level in Nigeria

The way public perceived an organisation may impacted on the success or failure of the organisation, depending on the nature of the perception either positive or negative. This was paper was aimed to assess the impact of taxpayers‟ perception of the competence and integrity of tax officials on companies‟ income tax compliance level in Nigeria. The paper relied on the primary source of data, 436 samples were successfully cleaned and analysed. Due to the nature of data observed, ordered logistic regression model was employed to analyse the data. The empirical result obtained revealed a positive relationship between companies income tax compliancepropensity and companies income, positive relationship between companies‟ income tax compliance propensityand taxpayers‟ perception of the competence of tax officials, and also a positive relationship between companies income tax compliance propensity and integrity of tax officials. The paper further revealed that on the average the companies‟ income tax compliance propensity, tax payers perceptions „on the integrity of tax officials and tax payers perceptions „on the competence of tax officials are 44.898 percent, 37.982 percent and 38.734 percent respectively. Finally the paper recommended that The Revenue Authority should take strict measures on any tax officials found wanting and the measures taken should be publicize. The Revenue Authority should take necessary measures that will improve the good images of the organisation and its staffs in the eyes of the general public, this will help in enhancing companies‟ income tax compliance level in Nigeria.
Drugs and drug addictions in France

Drugs and addictive behaviour represent major public health and safety issues, whether in terms of preventing health and social harm or combatting trafficking. This publication provides an overview of the current situation in France, relying on evidence-based data and outlining the most recent developments, five years after the previous edition of ‘Drugs and drug addictions’ was released (OFDT, 2013).
Error Treatment Preferences of Adult Intensive English Program Students: Does Proficiency Matter?

This survey-based study examined the preferences of adult English as a second language (ESL) learners regarding two types of corrective feedback in an Intensive English Program (IEP) setting. The first type of corrective feedback was implicit and included recasts and clarification requests, whereas the second type was more explicit and was represented by overt error correction and metalinguistic explanation. Additionally, a possible connection between the proficiency level of the students and their self-reported preferences was explored. The total number of participants was 87, representing 11 first-language backgrounds. The findings revealed that the ESL students in this IEP context generally preferred explicit feedback, but they did favor one particular type of implicit feedback—recasts. Furthermore, the more proficient students preferred feedback that focused on accuracy rather than fluency. The study has implications for the adult ESL grammar classroom in an IEP context, encouraging instructors to identify and consider students’ self-perceived needs with respect to error correction.
Evaluation of embedded STT-MRAM for Ultra Low Power applications

The complexity of embedded devices increases as today's applications request always more services. However, the power consumption of SoC has significantly increased due to the high-density integration and the high leakage power of current CMOS transistors. To address these issues, emerging technologies are considered. Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM) is seen as a promising alternative solution to traditional memories thanks to its negligible leakage current, high density, and non-volatility. Considering low-power applications with duty-cycled behaviours, we evaluate STT-MRAM as a replacement for both embedded Flash and SRAM.
A stable finite element method for compressible flows using enthalpic variables

In this paper, we present a finite element method for the simulation of two-dimensional compressible flows. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved in terms of so-called enthalpic variables: static pressure, momentum per unit volume, and total specific enthalpy. The variational formulation is a variant of the PetrovGalerkin method. The discretization of the variational formulation is done on a P1/P2 element and uses an implicit scheme. The algebraic system is solved using the GMRES algorithm with diagonal pre-conditioning. Several simulations have been carried out, in order to validate the methods proposed and the computation code developed. Subsequently, this computation code was used to model the flow in an intake system of a car engine.