Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resilience of Small-Scale Fishers to Declining Fisheries in the Gulf of Thailand

Abstract Small-scale fishers depend on fishery resources, which have been declining continuously in Thailand and elsewhere; thus, understanding their perceived ability to adapt to future fishery declines is crucial. This study examines factors affecting perceptions of resilience among small-scale fishers in the Gulf of Thailand. Findings indicate that fishers’ responses to the fishery’s decline are associated with four components of resilience including: ability (1) to get work elsewhere; (2) to compete, survive and adapt more effectively; (3) to increase confidence by planning for financial security and learning new skills; and (4) to cope when there is a change. Perceived resilience of fishers to future fishery decline depends on a combination of several factors. Our results indicate that fishers with more education, those from households that do not depend exclusively on fish for income, younger fishers, those who had been fishing for a shorter time, those with higher levels of individual well-being and basic needs components, and those that would not become a fisherman if they had their lives to live over are more likely to be found in the high resilience group. In addition, fishing communities living in an industrial context (developed urban areas) manifest high levels of competitiveness, survivability and adaptability, which are mainly due to the diverse livelihoods provided in such areas in comparison with non-industrial areas. Equitable benefit sharing among fishing association members could be the concern, likely to impact fishers’ perceived resilience. The paper provides recommendations as to how the findings can aid in design of fishery development and governance programs appropriate to the attitudes, beliefs and values of fishers; hence, increasing the likelihood of their relative success.
A roundtable discussion: Defining urban data science

The field of urban analytics and city science has seen significant growth and development in the past 20 years. The rise of data science, both in industry and academia, has put new pressures on urban research, but has also allowed for new analytical possibilities. Because of the rapid growth and change in the field, terminology in urban analytics can be vague and unclear. This paper, an abridged synthesis of a panel discussion among scholars in Urban Data Science held at the 2019 American Association of Geographers Conference in Washington, D.C., outlines one discussion seeking a better sense of the conceptual, terminological, social, and ethical challenges faced by researchers in this emergent field. The panel outlines the difficulties of defining what is or is not urban data science, finding that good urban data science must have an expansive role in a successful discipline of “city science. ” It suggests that “data science” has value as a “signaling” term in industrial or popular science applications, but which may not necessarily be well-understood within purely academic circles. The panel also discusses the normative value of doing urban data science, linking successful practice back to urban life. Overall, this panel report contributes to the wider discussion around urban analytics and city science and about the role of data science in this domain.
Is U Sports hockey the best kept secret in North American sports

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF SYMBOLS, NOMENCLATURE OR ABBREVIATIONS . viii CHAPTER 1: Introduction . 1 CHAPTER 2: Empirical Setting . 9 CHAPTER 3: Theoretical Framework.23 CHAPTER 4: Methodology and Methods . 30 CHAPTER 5: Findings . 50 CHAPTER 6: Discussion . 76 CHAPTER 7: Conclusion, Contributions, and Future Research . 95 Bibliography . 102 APPENDIX A . 121 APPENDIX B . 123 APPENDIX C . 126 Curriculum Vitae
Competition and Pay Inequality Within and Between Firms

How does market competition affect pay inequality between and within firms? Using division managers as a pool of similar workers and the Canada–U.S. Free Trade Agreement, we find that greater competition increases overall pay inequality between, but not within, firms. This null effect within firms is not driven by a lack of statistical power. Instead, we find that it arises primarily within subsamples of firms with higher predicted levels of social comparison. Increased competition leads to greater pay-performance sensitivity among the higher-paid managers within firms, while it leads to greater overpayment among the other managers. These patterns are consistent with firm principals offering higher-powered incentives to their best managers and overpaying the rest. Altogether, this study suggests that, while competition leads to greater pay inequality overall, principals aim to maintain equality within firms and do so through the differential provision of incentives among employees. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Do the French pension reforms increase re-employment of older unemployed workers?

ABSTRACT The sustainability of Social Security financing has pushed authorities to reform their policy to increase the labour market participation of older workers. While most of the studies have focused on the consequences of pension reform on retirement decisions, we analyse the effects of two French pension reforms, which increased the period of contribution and the minimum retirement age, on transitions out of unemployment and into employment with a difference-in-differences approach. We find that both retirement reforms have positive effects on the re-employment of older unemployed workers. The pension reforms are also accompanied by an increase of the transitions into inactivity. The results suggest that the reforms have delivered significant effects by reducing the unemployment of older workers.
Inequalities in exposure to the air pollutants PM2.5 and NO2 in Australia

Vulnerable subpopulations may be exposed to higher levels of outdoor air pollution than the rest of the population. Due to the potential for this to exacerbate their existing health burden, concerns about disparities in subpopulations’ air pollution exposure have motivated international public health researchers to examine this topic. In Australia, such research is lacking to date, despite heterogeneity in air pollution at multiple spatial scales across the continent. This study aimed to investigate disparities in exposure to two health-relevant outdoor air pollutants: particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). We used national land-use regression models to estimate annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2, and area-level census data on ethnicity, age and socio-economic status (SES) to calculate the bivariate associations between each census-derived variable with the concentration of air pollutants. We also used multivariable models including specific measures of SES as covariates to assess to what extent associations were explained by SES. Associations were calculated separately for rural and urban areas using generalised additive models which accounted for spatial autocorrelation. Bivariate results showed significant nonlinear associations (p < 0.001) between vulnerable subpopulations and pollutant concentration. These associations suggested that areas with greater socio-economic disadvantage, a higher proportion of ethnic minorities, and elderly people are exposed to higher concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2, although differences in the magnitude of exposure were small overall. Our multivariable models showed that the associations between ethnic minorities and pollutant concentration appear to be substantially affected by area-level SES. Our results suggested that these vulnerable subpopulations are inequitably exposed to PM2.5 and NO2. While the magnitude of differences in exposure were generally small, the predicted differences in exposure among vulnerable subpopulations could contribute to a potentially avertable health burden at a population-level.
Democracy, ethnoicracy and consociational demoicracy

This article questions the notion of ‘consociational democracy’. It argues that it rests on shaky ground, empirically and conceptually. As an empirical matter, a consociation is inherently unstable because it tends either to collapse into ethnoicracy (where the power is shared by the main ethnic groups so that citizens who do not belong to them are politically marginalized) or to become a non-consociational, liberal democracy. At the conceptual level ‘consociational democracy’ is an impossibility because a polity cannot be both consociational and democratic. This article argues that consociations can be at best demoicracies – that is, polities composed not of a single demos but of multiple demoi. Yet the problem of stability remains. The article concludes with the suggestion that the stability problem can be addressed by adopting a weak form of demoicracy – the ‘demoi-within-demos’ constellation – where a thin demos coexists with multiple demoi.
Climate change adaptation in Norway: learning–knowledge processes and the demand for transformative adaptation

ABSTRACT During the last decade, it has become evident that planet earth will be warming. Hence, there is an increasing focus on how to adapt to a changing climate. The adaptation literature underlines the importance played by local government in planning and implementing adaptation policies. This article is addressing learning–knowledge–action processes within and between local (municipal) and central (national and regional) government levels, thereby filling a gap in the literature. The analysis is using empirical data from Norway; a country commonly considered as having a well-developed multi-level governance system, with a strong bottom-up component, thereby apparently meeting a core condition for developing and implementing transformational changes. The study finds that single and double-loop learning are dominating, fostering incremental changes, but combined incremental changes related to technically handling surface water are approaching transitional change. As a first step, the study suggests it is necessary to formulate policies that explicitly combe incremental changes in order to achieve transitional and transformational change. Moreover, policies for fostering oppositional knowledge networks as part of vertical–horizontal governance may be necessary for pushing the system in the direction of transition and transformation.
An Integrated Framework on the Sustainability of SMEs

The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between the budget related to corporate social responsibility (CSR), Innovation and Training, defined as sustainable factors, and the financial results of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The investigation is made by analysing the financial results from a sample of 200 SMEs from the South-West Region of Romania. The findings prove that SMEs can use training and innovation to improve the impact of CSR on their sustainability with a focus on positive financial indicators. The findings prove that corporate social responsibility (CSRBi), innovation (InnovBi), and training (TrainingBi) as sustainable factors are significantly and positively correlated with the following indicators: profit (Profiti), profit per employee (ProfitEi) and total expenditure (Expensesi), and it is negatively correlated with debt ratio (DebtRi).
Determinants of Actual Purchase Behavior in Farmers’ Markets

Farmers’ markets in Taiwan advocate for the sustainable consumption of locally produced food to support sustainability and social justice goals. Institutional trust and interpersonal trust are critical determinative factors in sustaining farmers’ farm-to-consumer venues for the long-run. The purpose of this research was to investigate determinants of customers’ actual purchase behaviors, and the relationships between trust, purchase intention, and actual purchase behavior in the context of farmers’ markets. A questionnaire approach with closed-ended survey questions was conducted with customers in farmers’ markets in different parts of Taiwan. The results revealed that both institutional and interpersonal trust could serve as driving forces influencing a consumer’s purchase intentions, which in turn reinforces their actual purchase behavior. Specifically, the interpersonal trust between consumers and producers includes positive interactions and sufficient communication, enabling producers to share the value and concepts underlying their production processes with the consumers, enhancing customers’ purchase intentions and intensity. Institutional trust generated from a producer’s endeavor to improve the quality of their own products by meeting market standards would impress consumers and build loyalty. It is recommended that farmers’ market farmers or managers continually examine both the institutional and interpersonal needs of customers (e.g., food safety, face-to-face interactions between farmers and consumers) to earn customers’ trust, and to accommodate their expectations by providing sufficient products and services.
Carbon emissions, and economic growth in Africa

ABSTRACT: In this study, we applied the recently proposed income elasticity approach to investigate the presence of an inverted U relationship also known as the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in 20 African countries. we grouped the countries into three panels not according to any know regions, but according to income such as Low-income African economies, lower- Middle African economies and upper-Middle income African economies. We tested for the presence of an inverted U relationship for both individual-specific countries and for the 3 panels using short-run and long-run income elasticity approach. We conclude the presence of an inverted-U relationship exists when long-run Income elasticity is smaller than short-run income elasticity, meaning that as income increase over time, carbon emissions have reduced. In other words, as these individual African countries experience economic growth over time, their carbon emissions level has declined. This empirical finding is true only for Benin, Malawi, cote div our, south Africa, Botswana, and Libya, representing approximately 30% of the sample. With regards to the panel groups, we found evidence supporting the presence of an inverted U relationship only in the panel of low-income African countries with long-run income elasticity smaller than the short-run income elasticity, thus, the low-income African countries have reduced their carbon emissions level as economic growth is attained.
How social capital influences performance in family firms: the moderating role of nepotism

Abstract Although a large body of research has explored how organizational social capital (OSC) benefits organizational performance, results are not conclusive. Consequently, scholars have called for more research on the factors that may moderate the effects of OSC on organizational performance. We address this research gap and examine the role of nepotism, which is the preferential treatment of family members in human resource management (HRM)-related decisions, such as development or rewards, in the relationship between OSC and organizational performance. Using a sample of 77 family firms in Switzerland, we found that the relationship between OSC and organizational performance is stronger in firms with higher nepotism. This research contributes to the HRM literature by exploring how the preferential treatment of family members in HRM-related decisions (i.e. greater nepotism) can provide benefits to family firms in terms of the impact of OSC on organizational performance.
The Role of the Business Press in Creating and Disseminating Information around Earnings Announcements

This paper investigates the role of the business press in creating and disseminating information around earnings announcements by examining different motivations of trading volume. We find that press coverage is positively associated with trading activity motivated by differential interpretation and by differential belief revision, consistent with the press playing both an information creation and information dissemination role around earnings announcements. When we divide press coverage into full articles with additional editorial content and news flashes merely repeating verbatim of firm-disclosed press releases, we find that trading volume motivated by both differential interpretation and differential belief revision increases as coverage by full articles increases, and trading volume motivated by differential belief revision increases as coverage by news flashes increases. We also report that the differential interpretation effect of full articles is more pronounced when information users’ sophistication is high. Overall, we provide new evidence to the literature by showing that each type of press coverage plays an informational role in different motivations of trading activity.
Rule of Law and Female Entrepreneurship

Commerce requires trust, but trust is difficult when one group consistently fears expropriation by another. If men have a comparative advantage at violence and there is little rule-of-law, then unequal bargaining power can lead women to segregate into low-return industries and avoid entrepreneurship altogether. In this paper, we present a model of female entrepreneurship and rule of law that predicts that women will only start businesses when they have both formal legal protection and informal bargaining power. The model's predictions are supported both in cross-national data and with a new census of Zambian manufacturers. In Zambia, female entrepreneurs collaborate less, learn less from fellow entrepreneurs, earn less and segregate into industries with more women, but gender differences are ameliorated when women have access to adjudicating institutions, such as Lusaka's “Market Chiefs” who are empowered to adjudicate small commercial disputes. We experimentally induce variation in local institutional quality in an adapted trust game, and find that this also reduces the gender gap in trust and economic activity.
Mobility, education and employment amongst South Asian international students in the UK

This study investigates the experiences of South Asian international students at the nexus of mobility, education, and employment in the UK. The study adopts Bourdieu’s theoretical lens to explore how individual students understand, seek, and achieve advantages through participation in education, the labour market, and wider society. Despite the significant numbers of South Asian international students in the UK, we know little about their specific experiences. This study used a qualitative led, mixed method approach in addressing this gap and researched the experiences of students from South Asia enrolled at nine post-1992 universities in London. After an initial, exploratory online survey of 148 students, 51 in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with students on campus. The survey and interviews highlight the diversity of backgrounds and experiences of South Asian students and their varied trajectories. The analysis uses a four-part typology to make sense of this diversity: Highflyers, Realists, Credentialists, and Strugglers possess, develop, and mobilise varied combinations of economic, social, and cultural capital. The research highlights how student mobility is a family project dependent on the resources and emotional investment of relatives. Much of the literature emphasises the challenges faced by international students, but despite the reality of these difficulties and their varied prospects, most participants in this study are broadly satisfied with their decision to come to the UK and confident that it will provide them with a competitive edge in their future career. Students’ optimism is rooted in their experiences beyond the classroom. In particular, many are inspired by the adventure of moving abroad and the opportunities for personal development and the freedom it affords. The resulting narratives of self are seen as important, valuable assets when students return home and embark on careers.
Excess Volatility and Costly Arbitrage in Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Evidence from India

The present study investigates the issue of excess volatility in index exchange-traded funds (ETFs) in India and analyses how well the costly arbitrage theories apply to this segment of the market. We find that the returns of the average ETF are 110 per cent more volatile as compared to the returns of the underlying portfolio which suggests that public trading introduces an additional layer of volatility in ETFs. Factors that limit arbitrage by making it costly for the arbitrageurs to remove the price-net asset value (NAV) deviations explain about 67 per cent of the variation in excess volatility. The cointegration analysis provides evidence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between price and NAV. Vector error correction model (VECM) results suggest that NAVs lead prices to restore this equilibrium in case of short-run deviations. The analysis also revealed that ETF returns are predictable on the basis of past deviations and may be used to generate returns which are significantly greater than those of a buy-and-hold strategy. Our results are in agreement with the theory of costly arbitrage and are inconsistent with the construct of efficiency in financial markets.
Social impacts of a large-dam construction: the case of Castanhão, Brazil

ABSTRACT Castanhão Dam, a mega-water-management work in Brazil, was built – according to the official reasoning – to reduce water scarcity and boost the economy. It compulsorily displaced over 10,000 people, whose satisfaction with the new standard of living, a decade after the resettlement, was marginally negative, contrasting with the pre-construction expectations. The government invested almost exclusively in infrastructure, signaling that their focus was the corporations, not the displaced citizens. Despite the improved water availability, the quality of life did not improve for the directly affected societal groups, indicating that water scarcity is not the main development hindrance in the Brazilian semi-arid region.
Stock Market Volatility: Friend or Foe?

Although a good deal of research effort has been allocated to understanding the time-series volatility of stock returns – as both market (or systematic) volatility and idiosyncratic (or non-systematic) volatility – the relationship of such volatility with cross-sectional volatility or dispersion of outcomes is sparse. Nevertheless, the quest to understand one must involve the quest to understand the other. In this paper, we investigate the dynamic of the dispersion of return outcomes in generating a portfolio’s expected return outcome. We find that changes in the level of cross-sectional volatility have highly significant implications for portfolio performances and the notion of risk.
Heterogeneous skill distribution and college major: evidence from PIAAC

ABSTRACT A large literature documents the uneven distribution of labor market outcomes across majors. Students in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) can earn more than their peers. This earnings gap can be attributed not only to the differential educational resources investment but also to heterogeneous distribution of initial cognitive skills across majors. I benefit from the rich data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies to examine this earnings gap in the United Stated and the United Kingdom. Based on my findings, this paper establishes new facts that add to the understanding of how college field premiums are generated. I show that a sizable portion of the return to majors is due to self-selection and up to two-fifths of the field premiums can be explained by basic cognitive skills. Despite the qualitatively similar impacts of numeracy and literacy skills on choosing college field of study, the pricing of numeracy is much higher than literacy in the labor market.