Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative stability of Cu, Ag, and Pt at high pressures and temperatures from 
ab initio
 calculations

The paper presents ab initio studies into the relative stability of the crystalline structures of copper, silver, and platinum up to high pressures at $T\ensuremath{\ge}0$ K. Our calculations in quasiharmonic approximation suggest that not the fcc structure of Cu and Ag, but the body-centered cubic one, is thermodynamically most favorable at $P\ensuremath{\gtrsim}100$ GPa and $Tg3$ kK. The shock Hugoniot of Cu and Ag crosses the fcc-bcc phase boundary and the calculated transition pressures agree well with the result of recent laser shock experiments by Sharma et al. The advantage of the bcc structure comes from its softer low-frequency phonon modes and the smaller contribution of lattice vibrations to free energy at high temperatures, as compared to close-packed structures. The compression of platinum crystal also causes the $\mathrm{fcc}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{bcc}$ transition but at much higher pressures, $Pg1.4$ TPa.
Vegan tempeh burger: prepared with aged bean grains fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus inoculum

This work has the objective of producing inoculum to enable tempeh production from aged common bean, by checking fermentation development according to the soybean/common bean ratio and defining the procedure for tempeh preparing in compliance with regulation on standards for acceptable microbiological contamination. Tempehs of common bean (BT), soybean (ST) and both (SBT) were produced by two methods (traditional and modified). The viable BT was used for hamburger preparation, which was evaluated for sensory acceptance in comparison to the traditional ST. The best inoculum Rhizopus oligosporus obtained was made with a medium with rice flour and presented a cell concentration of 106cells/mL. Tempehs made in a traditional method presented a bacterium grown beyond limit allowed by regulation. Instead, the modified method can be recommended to the industries to ensure the sanitary quality of tempeh. Finally, BT hamburger had a good acceptance (58%) regarding general appearance, but its flavor must be improved.
A combination of heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis for the olefination of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with ketones in water: a green and efficient route to (Z)-enaminones

Herein, a novel aqueous reaction for the olefination of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with ketones through a combinational strategy is described. This reaction features very mild conditions using a simple and cheap catalyst for the synthesis of (Z)-enaminones with moderate-to-good yields. Such a methodology successfully combines the heterogeneous Mannich reaction with photocatalysis, and provides a green and practical approach for the synthesis of potentially bioactive (Z)-enaminones with a 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one skeleton.
Controlled stepwise synthesis of a Cu-MOF: Transmetallation of a magnesium precursor to a three-dimensional framework with very high solvent content

Abstract A copper metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized by transmetalation. The ditopic ligand 3-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)pentane-2,4-dione is introduced via its Mg precursor complex in which it is oxygen-coordinated. After transmetallation, the ligand acts as N,O,O′ linker between dinuclear, sulfato-bridged Cu(II) nodes. The resulting three-dimensional solid crystallizes in the chiral space group I213, with more than half of its cell volume occupied by disordered methanol and dichloromethane molecules: the coordination framework encloses a large solvent-filled region along [1 1 1] which coounts for 54.8% of the crystal volume. The structure collapses upon removal of the clathrated solvent. Sulfate-O atoms are exposed towards the solvent region and facilitate trapping of polar guest molecules. The framework topology corresponds to a lcv net with Vertex symbol 3·3·102·102·103·103.
Food safety knowledge, training methods, and barriers to training: An examination of the U.S. food truck industry

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate food safety knowledge, training of food truck owners/managers, and perceived barriers to training in the U.S. An online survey was developed based on a review of the literature and qualitative interviews and distributed to members of state food truck associations. A total of 271 responses were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of this study demonstrated a lack of food safety knowledge among the participants, with areas of improvement concerning personal hygiene, food preparation, cleaning and sanitizing, and safe chemical handling. The most common training methods utilized were one-on-one instruction and job shadowing. Perceived barriers regarding training of employees included time constraints and enough funds to cover the costs of training. This study identified the need for food safety training and education in the food truck industry.
Trajectories of psychosocial functioning and attachment behaviors among children adopted in the Ontario child welfare system

ABSTRACT The adoption of children involved in the child welfare system is viewed as a favorable outcome when family reconstitution is impossible, partially due to the relationship security afforded by long-term placement permanence. Recognition of the importance of secure caregiver-child relationships has informed the development of caregiving-oriented attachment-focused services, such as those provided by the Therapeutic Family Care Program (TFCP). The present study examines the trajectories of adopted children (n = 71) between 3.33 and 13.70 years of age at first assessment (M = 7.65, SD = 2.53) involved with TFCP. Children were assessed by their caregivers on a semiannual basis using the Assessment Checklist for Children (ACC) and the ACC+, with children receiving up to 9 assessments (n = 201, M = 2.57, SD = 1.83). We conducted growth curve analyses for children’s total clinical scores, self-esteem, adaptive functioning, and attachment-specific clinical domains. Results suggest that children start with clinically significant psychopathology, with older children and females having more psychosocial and attachment-related difficulties initially. Males’ psychosocial functioning was stable over time, whereas females improved significantly in all domains. We discuss implications for mental health services within child welfare and future directions for research.
Young learners’ voices: Towards a learner-centered approach to understanding language assessment literacy

Language assessment literacy (LAL) has recently gained substantial attention among language educators and other stakeholders. However, existing models focus almost exclusively on teachers, test developers, and administrators, and lack students’ perspectives in their conceptualizations. To address this gap, with this exploratory study we aimed to understand young learners’ LAL. The participants were fourth- and sixth-grade students (ages 9–10 and 11–12, respectively, with 10 participants in each age group) in China. After taking English mock tests, the children participated in individual, semi-structured interviews that covered their understanding of the following: (a) assessment purposes and theories (their knowledge about how assessment works); (b) assessment skills (their views of assessment designs, procedures, and content); and (c) assessment principles (their notion of fairness, cheating, and feedback). The data were analyzed qualitatively in line with current LAL models. The results suggest that the children already had substantial assessment literacy in knowledge, skills, and principles. Although their teachers’ assessment practice remains form-focused, children generally want more communicative-based and diagnostic assessment. They also want more cognitively challenging and enjoyable assessment tasks. Our findings provide solid supporting evidence for the importance of considering students’ perspectives, along with the views of other stakeholders, in order to have a more balanced understanding of LAL.
Technical Infrastructure as an Element of Sustainable Development of Rural Regions in Małopolskie Voivodeship in Poland and Trnava Region in Slovakia

The work discusses issues of the infrastructure, its instruments, and specifics of infrastructure in Polish and Slovak rural areas. The aim of this article is to analyze the level of technical infrastructure development in rural regions of the Małopolskie Voivodeship in Poland and the west part of Slovakia—Trnava self-governing region (Trnava region) as two regions with a similar position regarding regional competitiveness index. Following the topic, after identification of strengths and weaknesses of mentioned regions, the opportunities, and threats of sustainable development of infrastructure in rural areas have been analyzed using the SWOT method. The development of sustainable, reliable, and functional infrastructure does not only refer to the chosen regions of Poland and Slovakia but also other regions in the European Union. Sustainable infrastructure is a factor stimulating social and economic progress as one of the most important determinants of sustainable development and regional competitiveness. The authors notice a particular lack in the sustainable development of infrastructure in the field of water and sewerage management together with the supply of water. Therefore, this article tries to complete the gap in research focusing on the concept of a more systematic approach to technical infrastructure improvement in the context of sustainable development, and strategy of cooperation.
Selection Into Advanced Courses in Middle and High School Among Low-Income, Ethnically Diverse Youth

This study assesses the excellence gap by examining those who enroll in advanced, honors, and advanced placement (AP) classes among a low-income and a majority-Latinx population. Prospective longitudinal data come from a diverse, urban sample (N = 32,885) where 82.2% of the students received free or reduced price lunch. We examined numerous predictors (i.e., demographics, school readiness skills, prior academic competence) for eventual enrollment in an advanced course (middle school advanced, honors in middle and high school, and AP courses in high school) via multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results suggest that demographic factors (socioeconomic status, ethnicity, English-language learner status) often played a smaller role in advanced course enrollment after controlling for school-entry skills and prior academic competence with the exception of AP courses, where demographic effects persisted. Implications include targeted early intervention to get qualified students in poverty enrolled in academically advanced courses.
STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF BANANA STARCHES USING HPSEC-MALLS-RI CARACTER´ ISTICAS ESTRUCTURALES DE ALMIDONES DE PL´ ATANO EMPLEANDO HPSEC-MALLS-RI

An analytical method to quantify the amylose content and to characterize the structures of the banana starch molecules is reported. This study consists of two parts: Part 1 describes the individual chains present in the starch granules, as the chain-length distribution, and Part 2 characterizes the molecular structure of the starch components by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detection (HPSECMALLS-RI). The quantification of amylose using two methods (HPSEC-RI and Concanavalin A) is in agreement with the percentage reported. In addition, the ratio Fr III/Fr. II (Fr. II represents amylopectin long B chains and Fr. III represents amylopectin A and B short chains), shows structural di erences among banana starches, with more branching in Morado banana starch and less branching in Macho banana starch. A recognition that amylose has significant branching, and thus is not linear, led to the characterization of two populations of amylose: one that is highly branched and the other, which is essentially linear, as established by the HPSEC-MALLS-RI method. Morado amylose has the highest Mw of the branched starches while Macho amylose has the highest Mw and Rz values consistent with di erences in the structures of banana
Coronavirus stress, meaningful living, optimism, and depressive symptoms: a study of moderated mediation model

ABSTRACT Objective: In the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to public mental health stress, anxiety, panic, and behavioural disorders. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether meaning in life and optimism-pessimism mediated the relationship between coronavirus stress and depressive symptoms and whether the mediating effect of meaning in life on depressive symptoms was moderated by optimism. Method: The sample of the study included 475 undergraduate students attending a public university in an urban city of Turkey. They were 69.2% female, ranged in age between 18 and 34 years (M = 20.63, SD = 1.99). Results: Results from the study showed that meaning in life and optimism–pessimism mediated the relationship between coronavirus stress and depressive symptoms. Optimism and pessimism additionally mediated the relationship between meaning in life and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, optimism moderated the mediating effect of meaning in life in the relationship between coronavirus stress and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: These results indicate that the relationship between coronavirus stress and depressive symptoms can be better understood by meaning in life and optimism. Optimism might play a protective factor to mitigate the impact of stress on individuals’ psychological health and is an important aspect of implementing meaning – centred intervention services. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Meaningful living and optimism are important psychological constructs for psychological health, not only at an empirical level but also at a theoretical level. A high level of optimism improves youth well-being and mental health Stress has adverse impacts on individuals’ well-being and is a risk factor for developing psychological problems What this topic adds: The present study highlights the importance of school meaning-based preventions and interventions targeting to promote mental health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Optimism is an important mechanism that may help to explain the effect of coronavirus stress on psychological health of individuals. The study outcomes suggest there is a need to design a more comprehensive prevention and intervention approach for improving people’s psychological health in the context of the pandemic.
Evolution of litter size in bats and its influence on longevity and roosting ecology

Litter size varies in mammals, with about half of the species producing at least two offspring per gestation (polytocy). In bats, however, the modal litter size is one (monotocy), and polytocy is restricted to family Vespertilionidae. Here, we reconstruct the evolutionary history of polytocy in chiropterans and use phylogenetically informed regressions to investigate its relationship to roost type, longevity and group size. Our phylogenetic reconstructions suggested that production of multiple offspring was the ancestral condition in family Vespertilionidae. The distribution of monotocy/polytocy in Chiroptera was best explained by a minimum of two evolutionary transitions from monotocy to polytocy and by ≥ 18 transitions from polytocy to monotocy. The regression models showed that longevity and roost type explained the variation in litter size, whereas group size did not. Our analyses also revealed a greater diversity of polytocous bats in the Northern Hemisphere, in both temperate and tropical regions. We suggest that the high resource allocation to reproduction in polytocous bats limited their lifespan. The absence of a relationship between polytocy and group size indicates that the benefits of cooperative breeding surpass the costs of intrasexual competition in bats.
Smart integration of food and bioenergy production delivers on multiple ecosystem services

Agriculture is expected to feed an increasing global population while at the same time meeting demands for renewable energy and the supply of ecosystem services such as provision of nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. However, the current structure of the agricultural system works against meeting these expectations. The spatial separation of crop and livestock farms has created negative environmental consequences, and bioenergy production has created a trade- off between food and energy production. In
Auditor Appointment Strategy and Intragroup Value Transfers: Evidence From Family Business Groups

Family business groups (FBGs) typically control several member firms and can hire a single auditor or multiple auditors to audit their member firms. This article examines what type of auditor appointment strategy constrains intragroup value transfers within FBGs. Analyzing related-party transactions (RPTs) within FBGs in Hong Kong, this study provides evidence that FBGs with multiple auditors undertake more intragroup value transfers than FBGs with a single auditor. However, the adverse effect of multiple-auditor appointments is mitigated by a stronger board and higher financial reporting comparability among member firms. Using an alternative measure of intragroup value transfers, we also find that the market perceives multiple-auditor appointments as impairing audit effectiveness. Overall, our findings offer the new insight that controlling families can exploit the appointment of multiple auditors as a “divide and conquer” strategy which undermines the monitoring role of auditors against intragroup value transfers, but stronger corporate governance of member firms can mitigate the adverse effect.
Teacher–child interaction quality and children's
 self‐regulation
 in toddler classrooms in Finland and Portugal

This study examines the association between teacher – child interaction quality and children's self-regulation in Finnish and Portuguese toddler classrooms. The participants included 230 Finnish ( M = 29; SD = 3 months) and 283 Portuguese ( M = 30, SD = 4 months) toddlers and their teachers ( n = 43 Finland; n = 29 Portugal). The children's behavioural self-regulation (attention, working memory, and inhibition control) was individually tested, and the teachers evaluated the children's self-regulation skills in the classroom. The quality of the teacher – child interactions (i.e., emotional and behavioural support and engaged support for learning) was evaluated using the CLASS-Toddler observation instrument. The analyses were conducted with path models using a complex option. The results for Finland show that the engaged support for learning was positively associated with children's attention and inhibitory control, and emotional and behavioural support was positively associated with children's inhibitory control. For Portugal, engaged support for learning was positively associated with children's attention. characteristics of teacher support that is beneficial to the development of children's self-regulation skills in two sociocultural contexts, hence being of relevance for teacher in-and pre-service training. cultural values further contribute to the expectations of children's self-regulation. Conducting cross-cultural studies can help in further understanding the role that cultural and contextual specificities play in shaping teacher – child interactions and children's self-regulation skills.
Effects of early mobilization (EM) in patients with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU): a randomized controlled trial

Background Early mobilization (EM) may be an effective intervention for the promotion of rehabilitation in noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EM in patients with NIPPV in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods Participants were randomly allocated to the intervention group involving active and passive activities combined with routine treatments and the control group with routine treatments in this single-center, parallel-designed randomized controlled trial. Participants accepted initiative and passive activities following brought by medical and nursing team who were standardized training The primary outcomes were the incidence of ICU-AW, length of ICU stay, duration of ventilation and mortality. Results There were no adverse event in participants during EM. Compared with the control group, there was a significantly lower length of ICU stay (m = 6.0 vs 7.8 days, respectively, P = 0.038), incidence of ICU-acquired weakness (n = 17.4% vs 50%, respectively, P = 0.026), duration of ventilation (m = 2.1 vs 4.0 days, respectively, P = 0.019) in the intervention group. Conclusions EM is feasible and safe in noninvasive ventilator patients, it can decrease the incidence of ICU-acquired weakness, length of stay and duration of noninvasive ventilation in ICU, and promoted the recovery of grip strength.
Responses of the Tharu to climate change-related hazards in the water sector: Indigenous perceptions, vulnerability and adaptations in the western Tarai of Nepal

ABSTRACT Climate change perceptions of Indigenous peoples (IP) are important because of their close connection with nature and the environment. This study assesses climate change insights of the Tharu in Bardiya district of Nepal in relation to climate variability and water sector-related hazards, focussing on Indigenous knowledge (IK) for adaptation and mitigation in agriculture. Tharu are the first settlers in Tarai, Nepal and largely depend on farming. Our sequential mixed-method approach first quantifies perceptions and then analyses qualitative information from participatory methods. We found the Tharu have perceived a temperature increase but a rainfall decrease; the former is validated with weather data, but not the rainfall trend due to high annual variation. The high ranking of flooding in both villages and drought in Bikri indicates the importance of the water sector and related hazards. Tharu have used Indigenous as well as scientific knowledge for weather predictions, coping and adaptation to water-related hazards in agriculture-based livelihoods. As the application of IK-based traditional agricultural practices has decreased due to their lower yield than modern agricultural practices, there is need for documentation, research and policy actions to integrate IK and science to reduce climatic vulnerability and increase productivity of resilient agricultural practices.
Implications of The Company's Internal Factors and Employee Intrinsic Motivation on Employee Performance

Leadership and work environment has a large part in motivating each member organization toward the company's goals. A leader should implement a leadership style to manage his subordinates because a leader will significantly affect the Organization's success in achieving its goals. No less important will be this is the role of the work environment itself which woke up, the work environment is one of the most critical components within the employees finish his work. Here is the working environment: the immediate vicinity of the workers that can affect him in the exercise of duties charged. This research was conducted at PT. Pegadaian Regional VI of Makassar city with 30 research sample of respondents that are the employees. The study uses the method of multiple linear regression analysis with data collection using questioners. These research results are the work environment does not affect employees' performance; leadership style and intrinsic motivation significantly affect the employee's account. Leadership styles and the variable is the variable that the dominant influence on the dependent variable.