Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological Comparison Processes and Self–Concept in Relation to Five Distinct Frame–Of–Reference Effects: Pan–Human Cross–Cultural Generalizability over 68 Countries

The concept of self is central to personhood, but personality research has largely ignored the relevance of recent advances in self–concept theory: multidimensionality of self–concept (focusing instead on self–esteem, an implicit unidimensional approach), domain specificity (generalizability of trait manifestations over different domains), and multilevel perspectives in which social–cognitive processes and contextual effects drive self–perceptions at different levels (individual, group/institution, and country) aligned to Bronfenbrenner's ecological model. Here, we provide theoretical and empirical support for psychological comparison processes that influence self–perceptions and their relation to distal outcomes. Our meta–theoretical integration of social and dimensional comparison theories synthesizes five seemingly paradoxical frame–of–reference and contextual effects in self–concept formation that occur at different levels. The effects were tested with a sample of 485,490 fifteen–year–old students (68 countries/regions, 18,292 schools). Consistent with the dimensional comparison theory, the effects on math self–concept were positive for math achievement but negative for verbal achievement. Consistent with the social comparison theory, the effects on math self–concept were negative for school–average math achievement (big–fish–little–pond effect), country–average achievement (paradoxical cross–cultural effect), and being young relative to year in school but positive for school–average verbal achievement (big–fish–little–pond effect—compensatory effect). We demonstrate cross–cultural generalizability/universality of support for predictions and discuss implications for personality research. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology
Alterationsinserum Antitrypsin Level and Its Association with Pulmonary Complications Among Patients with Lung Tuberculosis

Background: Antitrypsin is one of the factors that increases during inﬂammatory responses. The aim of this study was to monitor alterations in serum antitrypsin level during pulmonary tuberculosis treatment and determine its association with pulmonary function and ﬁbrotic changes. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done on all 40 patients who had pulmonary tuberculosis and were referred in 2015 2017 to a tuberculosis care center in Birjand, Iran. Sampling was done through the census method. After the establishment of tu-berculosisdiagnosis,allpatientsreceivedtuberculosistreatmentfor6consecutivemonths. Before,2and6monthsaftertreatment onset, 5-milliliter blood samples were obtained from each patient for antitrypsin measurement. Moreover, chest radiography was performedforeachpatientbothbeforeand6monthsaftertreatmentonset,whilepulmonaryfunctiontestorspirometrywasdone 2and6monthsaftertreatmentonset. Theone-wayanalysisof variance,independent-samplet-test,Mann-WhitneyU,Friedman,and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed for statistical data analysis. Results: From the 40 recruited patients, only 24 completed the study. The mean of serum antitrypsin level at baseline was 201.72 ± 47.66, which signiﬁcantly decreased to 157.61 ± 36.98 and 141.10 ± 26.76, at respectively 2 and 6 months after treatment onset (P < 0.001). Post-treatment chest radiography showed that 15 patients had ﬁbrotic residue and 9 had normal chest radiography. The mean of serum antitrypsin among patients with ﬁbrotic residue was not signiﬁcantly diﬀerent from that of patients with normal chest radiography (75.05 ± 13.51 vs. 36.57 ± 14.22; P = 0.7). Pulmonary dysfunction was observed among 75% of patients. The prevalence rates of post-treatment restrictive, obstructive, and normal spirometry patterns were 41.7%, 33.3%, and 25%, respectively. There was no signiﬁcant diﬀerence among patients with restrictive, obstructive, and normal spirometry patterns respecting the amount of decrease in the mean of serum antitrypsin (56.12 ± 64.41, 63.27 ± 35.6, and 64.60 ± 54.14, respectively; P = 0.94). Conclusions: The serum level of antitrypsin decreases during pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. Therefore, antitrypsin, as an acute-phase protein, can be used for the follow-up assessment of response to treatment among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
FUEL DEMAND ELASTICITIES IN BRAZIL: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS WITH INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES

The aim of this paper is to provide demand elasticities for the three main fuels used in Brazil: gasoline, ethanol and diesel. We used a panel data approach at municipal level for the period between 2007 and 2016. The innovation in this study is in its introduction of a new instrumental variable for prices, combining three taxes and municipal distance from state capital. The main results are as follows: i) the gasoline, ethanol and diesel demands are price elastic, meaning that all own-price elasticities are greater than one; ii) ethanol consumption is more elastic when the CNG price is added as an explanatory variable, but this does not apply to gasoline; iii) an increase in GDP positively affects the demand for gasoline and diesel (less than proportionally), but does not affect demand for ethanol; iv) fleet size impacts the consumption of all fuels, except when the CNG price is excluded from the ethanol model; v) the ethanol-to-gasoline price ratio is a relevant variable for the demand of both gasoline and ethanol.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF DENTAL DECAYS IN 3-7 YEARS OLD CHILDREN REFERRED TO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases and is high in developing countries such as Iran. Children who develop dental caries in young age are at higher risk of further decay in old ages. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of dental caries in 3-7 years old children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytic study performed on 200 children aged 3-7 year old and referred to pediatric clinics. Detection of dental caries was accomplished by optic tactile methods using sound and mirror and further evaluation of the objective variables through a questionnaire. Data were evaluated by SPSS version 13 and univariate analysis. Findings: According to the data found in our study, the prevalence of dental caries was 63.5% and of dmf 2.32 ± 2.56. There was a positive correlation between the prevalence of dental caries and age of children, night feeding after 1 year old, frequency of sweet feeding during the day, mother age, mother education, and socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Dental caries is not only a general health problem but also a social problem as it is associated with family income and education. Targeted programs regarding the childhood nutrition, family education and family support over the dental care are important in prevention of dental diseases.
Riesgo cardiovascular según circunferencia abdominal en peruanos

Introduccion. El exceso de grasa intraabdominal esta relacionado a las alteraciones metabolicas que incrementan el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo. Determinar el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular segun circunferencia abdominal (CA) en peruanos. Diseno. Estudio transversal. Lugar. Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Peru. Participantes. Peruanos ≥ 12 anos de edad. Intervenciones. Muestreo probabilistico, estratificado multietapico. La muestra incluyo 1 191 conglomerados que incluyeron 7 914 viviendas distribuidas en Peru, en 2013-2014. Se evaluo 16 832 habitantes ≥12 anos. El riesgo cardiovascular se clasifico en bajo, alto y muy alto. El INS realizo la evaluacion de la CA y el Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica (INEI) calculo la muestra y ponderaciones. Principales medidas de resultados. Riesgo cardiovascular segun CA. Resultados. El 50,1% presento riesgo bajo de enfermedad cardiovascular, 22,8% riesgo alto y 27,1% riesgo muy alto. El riesgo muy alto de enfermedad cardiovascular fue mas prevalente en las mujeres (42,5%), que residieron en la zona urbana (30,5%) (p<0,001), Lima Metropolitana (32,6%) y la costa (31,0%) (p<0,001). El riesgo alto de enfermedad cardiovascular fue similar entre sexos, siendo mas frecuente en la zona urbana (24,3%), Lima Metropolitana (25,1%) y la costa (24,2%). El riesgo alto y muy alto de enfermedad cardiovascular aumento conforme se incremento la edad (p<0,001), excepto el riesgo alto que disminuyo en los adultos mayores. El riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular aumento a medida que disminuyo el nivel de pobreza (p<0,001). Conclusiones. La mitad de los peruanos de doce anos a mas presentaron riesgo alto y muy alto de enfermedad cardiovascular segun la circunferencia abdominal.
Photoperiod regulates the daily profiles of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene expression the raphe nuclei of rats

Abstract ِAim Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 mRNA (TPH, the rate limiting enzyme in 5-HT synthesis) expression levels display circadian variations in the median and dorsal raphe nuclei. This circadian pattern is under the control of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the master clock. Photoperiodic cue is encoded by the SCN which convey the seasonal message to target sites. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of photoperiodic changes on the serotonergic neurons of the raphe nuclei. We have assessed the daily expression of TPH2 mRNA in both median and dorsal raphe nuclei of rats housed either under long photoperiod (18 h light/6 h dark cycle, LP18:6) or short photoperiod (SP6:18). ٌ Results Our results demonstrate that under LP18:6, TPH2 mRNA levels display a progressive decrease during the dark period and a maximal expression is reported at the beginning of the light period. The expression pattern of TPH2 mRNA under SP6:18 remains unchanged during the dark period and increases significantly before the light/dark transition. This latter expression pattern is in line with the daily profiles of TPH2 mRNA reported previously under standard lighting regimen (12 h light/12 h dark cycle). Conclusion The present results suggest that TPH2 mRNA expression pattern within DR and MR is affected by photoperiod which might in turn affect TPH content and 5‐HT release within the circadian structures, but also in all the serotonergic projection areas of the brain.
Tacit practice in care homes

Background: Care home practice has been described as complex, even though it might comprise common everyday activities. Research has indicated that nursing staff consider assisting care home residents to be demanding work, much of which remains tacit or is taken for granted. The tacit knowledge that lies behind nurses’ work is an important issue to explore and describe. Aims: To describe tacit care practices and understand the complexity of nursing practice in care homes. Methods: An ethnographic study was used to gain an in-depth understanding of nursing practice in care homes in a Nordic context. Findings: Nursing staff appeared to be committed to daily work routines but also reported having to deal with a number of unexpected events each day, some of which were particularly challenging. Dealing with some residents’ behaviours could evoke difficult emotions among staff, such as irritation and aversion – emotions that could be difficult to admit to. Despite this, staff seemed to believe they had to manage their responses and offer good care to all residents. Synthesising these findings led to the theme of ‘tacit care home practice’. Examples of such tacit practice are described in this article. Discussion: Staff develop a common habitus of caring, including dealing with unexpected events and behaviours that are sometimes regarded as unpleasant. This habitus is often taken for granted and therefore needs to be explicated and discussed. Conclusions and implications for practice: • The statement ‘we just do it’ suitably describes nursing staff’s habitus of caring, which includes dealing with unexpected events and unpleasant behaviours • Describing these tacit aspects of care can extend our understanding of some previously unarticulated aspects of care home practice • These findings suggest a need for greater awareness, better communication and reflection in relation to these tacit elements of practice. This could contribute to improved nursing practice in care homes
Studying the impacts of earnings quality on stock return: Experiments in Vietnam

This paper examines the impact of earnings quality (EQ) on stock returns of listed companies on the Vietnam stock market using the generalized least squares (GLS) regression method and data at enterprises in the period of 2010-2018. The research has comprehensively measured EQ from various aspects. The findings have shown that EQ measured from such aspects of profit management, persistence, smoothness, variability, the value relevance of information, and timeliness that are positively related to stock return. Meanwhile, EQ, when being viewed from the aspect of accruals quality, has a negative impact on stock returns. In addition, we also consider that there is a negative impact on stock return, but when taking into account small-scale enterprises, it reveals that the scale has a negative effect on stock return but of no statistical significance. Based on the findings, the authors have put forth some recommendations for investors, businesses, and policymakers.
The antifungal effect of Salvadora persica and Euclea natalensis onCandida isolates from Libyan patients with type 2 Diabetesmellitus.

Improved oral hygiene plays a vital role on quality of health and well-being of diabetic patients. Poor oral health leads to an increased incidence of oral diseases, particularly oral candidiasis. The emergence and global spread of azole- resistant Candida species has necessitated the need for novel, cost effective antifungals to stop further spread of resistant Candida infections. This project is the first documented investigation of Candida species prevalence in Libyan type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and investigated the antifungal effect of Salvadora persica and Euclea natalensis on azole-resistant Candida isolates. In this study, 182 Candida isolates from the oral mucosa of T2DM patients were identified using presumptive species identification by chromogenic media followed by confirmation using API ID 32 C, YST Vitek 2 and phenotype microarrays. Their drug susceptibility profiles were tested using the disc diffusion and the AST Vitek 2 compact system. High-pressure liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance were employed to separate, isolate and purify the bioactive compounds and fractions of the plant extracts which were then tested for their antifungal activity. The results showed that both Salvadora persica and Euclea natalensis promise to provide beneficial alternatives to conventional drugs in treating oral candidiasis in diabetic patients.
Keterlibatan Perempuan dalam Aksi Terorisme di Indonesia

The bomb blast in Surabaya which was an act of terrorism carried out by one family showed that women were actively involved in acts of terrorism. In the early days of the emergence of terrorism, women only acted as inter­mediaries, managing data through the internet network, fund collectors and driving "jihad" the husband who in fact was a terrorist. Based on this phenomenon, this paper wants to question what lies behind women's involvement in acts of terrorism? The literature review is used as a method to collect data related to women's involvement in acts of terrorism. This article will describe how women are involved in acts of terrorism. One of the successes of radicalism propaganda is actively involving women in acts of terrorism. Women as active actors in acts of terror will quickly be recognized if they show courage in jihad at the expense of their physical lives. His courage to become a 'martyr of the religion of God' was suspected to indicate the importance of a woman's piety.
Giving and Taking in Online Communities of Practice: The Role of Geography and Culture in Knowledge Sharing and Innovation

Researchers have long been fascinated with the phenomenon of lurking and free riding in knowledge sharing. This interest has led to the investigation of which factors drive decisions to contribute to a knowledge exchange as opposed to only exploiting the information in such exchange. Many studies have specifically focused on identifying the extrinsic and intrinsic motivational drivers for knowledge sharing in communities of practice by administering user surveys on behavioral intention, expectations, and satisfaction with the community. Our analysis is different from prior studies in that it does not look at expectations of reciprocity and other individual characteristics. Rather, it extracts and analyzes interaction data and, then, it groups such data based on factors like geographical location and related cultural background. This study adopts known models of national culture and relates them to social interactions using a large dataset mined from an online community of practice. The results show interesting deviations from the literature, which may be limited to the specific community of practice (programmers sharing coding knowledge) or may guide the design of open innovation systems that support knowledge sharing. This paper presents the first step on why and how to conduct such studies and suggests open questions for future study.
A case report of pregnant female with right eye acremonium keratitis

Study report a case of a 22-years-old female with history of vegetative trauma in right eye with 7 running months of amenorrhoea (RMOA). She came after 10 days of trauma, with chief complaint of pain, watering and diminution of vision in right eye. Her visual acuity was PLPR4 in affected eye and 6/9 in other. Central corneal ulcer with abscess and hypopyon was noted with inability to see fundal glow. To study response of fungal keratitis to voriconazole and natamycin eye drop. Corneal tissue obtained by a corneal scrape was plated on Sabouraud’s agar, KOH mount, gram and giemsa staining was performed. SDA shows a filamentous colony of fungus is grown upon aerobic incubation at 37◦C for 5-7 days. Patient was treated with combination therapy of voriconazole and natamycin eye drop. Patient responded well to combination therapy of voriconazole and natamycin eye drop. Patient developed corneal healing with little amount of fibrosis. We lost patient on follow up after that. Patient responded well to combination therapy of voriconazole and natamycin eye drop. The most common risk factors for acremonium fungal keratitis is ocular trauma, and acremonium fungal keratitis might be treated better with natamycin and voriconazole than other alternatives. our results are clinically significant and may provide some useful information on the diagnosis and management of acremonium fungal keratitis.
An Evolutionary Computation-Based Method for Nondestructive Tensile Force Measurements in Two Materials Using Hysteresis Loop

In traditional methods, features extracted from the hysteresis loop are manually analyzed to establish a model for predicting tensile force in one ferromagnetic material. However, the hysteresis loop is sensitive to material type, thus increasing the difficulty in predicting tensile forces in two materials. Moreover, manual feature extraction is time consuming. It is necessary to complete automatic feature extraction and elimination of the influence of material type on the hysteresis loop in order to automatically establish a prediction model for tensile force prediction in two materials. In this article, an evolutionary computation-based method was proposed to perform the above-mentioned two tasks simultaneously. The proposed method involves three steps. First, hysteresis loops of two materials under different tensile forces were measured. Second, the measured hysteresis loops were transformed into corresponding transformed ascending hysteresis curves through a transformation operation of the curve of hysteresis loop change (CHLC) for eliminating the influence of material type on the hysteresis loop. Third, an improved bat algorithm was proposed to eliminate further the influence of material type on the transformed ascending hysteresis curve. The improved bat algorithm iteratively gave the position of a material type-insensitive feature on the transformed ascending hysteresis curve. The material type-insensitive feature-based neural network was used to predict tensile forces in two materials. Experimental results verified the proposed method. The motivation of obtaining a general tensile force prediction model, the applicability of the proposed method in more than two materials, and the influence of CHLC transformation operation on the improved bat algorithm and neural network are also discussed.
A Study of Severity and Frequency of Anemia in Different Age Group in 6 Months to 5 years Children at a Teaching Hospital in Rural Haryana, India

1 Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Haryana, India-133203 Email: drrgh1971@gmail.com, drrghvendra@rediffmail.com, Contact No. +918295352890 2 Senior Lecturer, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Haryana India133203 Corresponding Author Dr Shivani Singh Corresponding AddressQ. N.B-5, MM University Campus, Mullana, Ambala Haryana. Pin 133207 Email: docshivs716@gmail.com, docshivs@rediffmail.com, Contact No. +918285293911 Abstract Background: Anemia is a global health problem in children specially in under five children causing morbidity and mortality. Our aim of this study was to find the prevalence of anemia in different age group and its pattern of severity in hospitalized under five children. Methods: This was a prospective study from January2015 to December2015 in which all the children having clinical anemia and hemoglobin level less than 11gm/dl were included in the study. Data were analyzed with regard to, age, sex, dietary habits, socioeconomic status and hemoglobin level with complete blood count and peripheral smear examination. Results: A total of 109 children were analyzed in which female outnumbered male. Anemia was most prevalent (60.55%) in age group between 6-24 months followed by age group between37-60 months (21.10%). Children having vegetarian dietary habits, belonging to low socioeconomic status, and had not taken first 4-6 months breast feeding had high number of cases of anemia. Regarding pattern of severity of anemia maximum number (47.705%) belonged to moderate type of anemia followed by mild(35.77%0 and severe(16.50%). Conclusion: In our study most vulnerable age group for anemia in children were 6 months to 24 months specially those belonged to low socio economic group, had vegetarian dietary habits and not taken breast feed in first4-6 months of their life. Maximum number of children had moderate anemia. These vulnerable children should be screened earliest so that short and long term effect of anemia can be prevented.