Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of North Carolina Adaptation of NHTSA’s Child Pedestrian Safety Curriculum

NHTSA designed the Child Pedestrian Safety Curriculum to meet current national learning standards so that it could be added to a school’s regular syllabus. The curriculum focuses on pedestrian safety knowledge and skills identified by previous research as effective in reducing pedestrian crashes. The North Carolina Department of Transportation adapted NHTSA’s curriculum to arrive at the pedestrian module of the Let’s Go NC! pedestrian and bicycle safety program. The objectives of this research project were to examine how implementation of the curriculum was achieved by schools, teachers, and caregivers at a test site and to assess the degree to which the teaching of the curriculum translated to increased knowledge of safety and overall safer behaviors among students taught. The results from this study suggest that the Let’s Go NC! pedestrian safety module had a positive impact on students even when varying instructional approaches were used. The program appeared to be especially effective for increasing the self-reported pedestrian knowledge and supervised crossing behaviors of students in third grade and above. The study also showed only small improvements in child pedestrian behaviors in natural settings around the intervention schools. This finding suggests more may need to be done to have a greater impact on the behaviors of unsupervised children. At this point, it is unknown if repeated exposure to the curriculum, as intended in its design, would further increase the pedestrian safety knowledge and behaviors of students.
Critical Analysis and Quality Assessment of Nanomedicines and Nanocarriers in Clinical Trials: Three Years of Activity at the Clinical Trials Office

Investigational medicinal products submitted over the course of 3 years and authorized at the Clinical Trials Office of the Italian Medicines Agency as part of a request for authorization of clinical trials were scrutinized to identify those encompassing nanomedicines. The quality assessment reports performed on the documentation submitted were analyzed, classifying and discussing the most frequently detected issues. The identification of nanomedicines retrieved and the information on their quality profiles are shared to increase the transparency and availability of information, providing feedback that can support sponsors in optimizing the quality part of the documentation and of the information submitted. Results confirm that nanomedicines tested as investigational medicinal products in clinical trials are developed and authorized in agreement with the highest standards of quality, meeting safety profiles according to the strong regulatory requirements in the European Union. Some key points are highlighted and indicate that the regulatory approach to innovation in a clinical trial setting could potentially be renewed to ride the wave of innovation, particularly in the nanotechnology field, capitalizing on lessons learned and still ensuring a strong and effective framework.
Health services in Nordic welfare states: Introducing a new category of providers through the Norwegian free treatment choice reform

Aim: We contribute to the literature on private provision of health care in Nordic countries by studying developments following the 2015 Norwegian free treatment choice reform. The reform introduced new providers of publicly financed health care. These new private for-profit or not-for-profit providers are licensed by Helfo (the Norwegian Health Economics Administration) to offer pre-defined services at pre-defined prices. They treat patients referred to specialist health care given that patients choose these providers. We focus on multidisciplinary specialist substance treatment and mental health care, areas constituting 78% of reform costs in 2019. Methods and data: We discuss three sets of questions with statistics, documents, and interview data: What developments and consequences of new providers did key actors expect? What developments of Helfo-licensed providers do we see and why? How have Helfo-licensed providers influenced collaboration between public and non-public providers and recruitment? Results: Contrary to expectations, we found that most Helfo-licensed providers have not previously collaborated with public providers through tender agreements. This complicates collaboration. So far, the establishment of new providers has not undermined public providers in terms of recruitment. Conclusion: Public providers with Helfo-licensed providers in their area still experience some pressure on recruitment and express concerns for future negative reform consequences. The introduction of new private providers may influence the level of market-orientation in the Norwegian welfare state.
Assessment of the anti-oxidative potential of Nepeta crispa Willd. (Lamiaceae) and its effects on oxidative stability of virgin sunflower oil under accelerated storage conditions

Acid Background: Nepeta crispa, is an annual plant native to certain regions of Hamadan province in Iran. Objective: This study aims to investigate the antioxidant potential of N. crispa. Methods: Hydro-distillated essential oil and methanol extract from aerial parts of N. crispa were obtained . They were subjected to several assays (DPPH, FRAP, TBARS, peroxide value and β -carotene-linoleic acid assay) in order to evaluate their antioxidant properties and their effect on prevention of oxidation in sunflower oil. Results: The extract consistently exhibited more activity than the essential oil in each and every one of the assays. The activity of the essential oil was not significant compared to positive controls or even the extract. The results from DPPH and FRAP assays correlated well with one another but those obtained from β -carotene-linoleic acid assay were to some extents inconsistent with the others. The results from TBARS and peroxide value assays revealed that certain concentrations of the extract effectively prevent the oxidation process in sunflower oil. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the methanol extract of N. crispa may be considered as novel bio-resource of natural antioxidants for using in pharmaceutical and food industries . Hopefully as the future research progress, new lights will be shed on characterization of components in the extract and the mechanisms through which they provide antioxidant activity.
Food taboos during pregnancy: meta-analysis on cross cultural differences suggests specific, diet-related pressures on childbirth among agriculturalists

Pregnancy is the most delicate stage of human life history as well as a common target of food taboos across cultures. Despite puzzling evidence that many pregnant women across the world reduce their intake of nutritious foods to accomplish cultural norms, no study has provided statistical analysis of cross-cultural variation in food taboos during pregnancy. Moreover, antenatal practices among forager and agriculturalists have never been compared, despite subsistence mode being known to affect staple foods and lifestyle directly. This gap hinders to us from understanding the overall threats attributed to pregnancy, and their perceived nutritional causes around the world. The present study constitutes the first cross-cultural meta-analysis on food taboos during pregnancy. We examined thirty-two articles on dietary antenatal restrictions among agricultural and non-agricultural societies, in order to: (i) identify cross-culturally targeted animal, plant and miscellaneous foods; (ii) define major clusters of taboo focus; (iii) test the hypothesis that food types and clusters of focus distribute differently between agricultural and non-agricultural taboos; and (iv) test the hypothesis that food types distribute differently across the clusters of taboo focus. All data were analysed in SPSS and RStudio using chi-squared tests and Fisher’s exact tests. We detected a gradient in taboo focus that ranged from no direct physiological interest to the fear of varied physiological complications to a very specific concern over increased birth weight and difficult delivery. Non-agricultural taboos were more likely to target non-domesticated animal foods and to be justified by concerns not directly linked to the physiological sphere, whereas agricultural taboos tended to targed more cultivated and processed products and showed a stronger association with concerns over increased birth weight. Despite some methodological discrepancies in the existing literature on food taboos during pregnancy, our results illustrate that such cultural traits are useful for detecting perception of biological pressures on reproduction across cultures. Indeed, the widespread concern over birth weight and carbohydrate rich foods overlaps with clinical evidence that obstructed labor is a major threat to maternal life in Africa, Asia and Eurasia. Furthermore, asymmetry in the frequency of such concern across subsistence modes aligns with the evolutionary perspective that agriculture may have exacerbated delivery complications. This study highlights the need for the improved understanding of dietary behaviors during pregnancy across the world, addressing the role of obstructed labor as a key point of convergence between clinical, evolutionary and cultural issues in human behavior.
How to Fail to Debunk Animism

Perry Hendricks argues that my common consent argument for animism fails. The failure, he argues, comes down to the fact that there is widespread agreement in non-animism. Were animism correct, then it is improbable, argues Hendricks, that animism would ever be unpopular. Hendricks’ argument is premised on several problematic assumptions, which I attempt to address. Once these assumptions are exposed, it is clear that Hendricks’ argument is weaker than it first appears, leaving my position relatively unscathed.
Cross-Serotype Reactivity of ELISAs Used to Detect Antibodies to the Structural Proteins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Antibodies to the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid induced by infection or vaccination can provide serotype-specific protection and be measured using virus neutralization tests and viral structural-protein (SP-)ELISAs. Separate tests are needed for each serotype, but cross-serotype reactions complicate serotyping. In this study, inter-serotypic responses were quantified for five SP-ELISA formats by testing 294 monovalent mainly bovine sera collected following infection, vaccination, or vaccination and infection with one of five serotypes of FMDV. Over half of the samples, representing all three immunization categories, scored positive for at least one heterologous serotype and some scored positive for all serotypes tested. A comparative approach to identifying the strongest reaction amongst serotypes O, A and Asia 1 improved the accuracy of serotyping to 73–100% depending on the serotype and test system, but this method will be undermined where animals have been infected and/or vaccinated with multiple FMDV serotypes. Preliminary studies with stabilized recombinant capsid antigens of serotypes O and A that do not expose internal epitopes showed reduced cross-reactivity, supporting the hypothesis that capsid integrity can affect the serotype-specificity of the SP-ELISAs. The residual cross-reactivity associated with capsid surface epitopes was consistent with the evidence of cross-serotype virus neutralization.
Animal sentience science and policy

: Animal sentience research cannot be divorced from its ethical and political implications. For example, discovering which animals are sentient is vital for deciding which require welfare protection. Two legal case-studies illustrate the importance of scientists in such debates: the UK Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act 2022 had input from animal sentience researchers, whereas the US Animal Welfare Act 1966 did not. The former defined sentient animals much more plausibly than the latter. I accordingly argue that sentience researchers should inform policy
Renal transplantation in HIV patients

P living with Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) [PLWHA] are cared for by family members or friends. Caregivers are now expected to provide more complex care in the home and many of them experience compromised physical, social, and mental health. To determine the physical health and mental status of family caregivers for PLWHA, the relationships among the variables were examined. This is a descriptive correlational design study, comprised of 66 female participants, with a mean age of 39.53 years.Most (66.7%) participants were unemployed. The participants scored 79.5% on knowledge of HIV and AIDS, that is, the participants obtained 36.6 points out of a possible 46 points, demonstrating some knowledge deficit. There were positive and significant relationships between stress related to caregiving and several variables: lack of food (r = 0.280, p ≤ 0.05; lack of supplies, such as diapers (r = 0.331, p = 0.01); inability of care-recipient to eat (r = 0.245, p ≤ 0.05); lack of support from the family or friends (r = 0.353, p = 0.01); and lack of knowledge and skills in meeting the physical needs of the care-recipient (r = 0.276, p ≤ 0.05). The relationship between the age of the participant and related to caregiving was significant (r = .325, p = 0.01). Family caregivers should be trained and capacitated on effective stress releasing techniques; and National family caregivers’ policies and programmers be developed and operationalized to guide care and support of caregivers. Mona Hassan et al., J AIDS Clin Res 2013, 4:9 http://dx.doi. org/10.4172/2155-6113.S1. 002
Efficacy of Western, Eastern, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (WEVEE) Virus-Replicon Particle (VRP) Vaccine against WEEV in a Non-Human Primate Animal Model

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the route of administration on the immunogenicity and efficacy of a combined western, eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (WEVEE) virus-like replicon particle (VRP) vaccine in cynomolgus macaques. The vaccine consisted of equal amounts of WEEV, EEEV, and VEEV VRPs. Thirty-three animals were randomly assigned to five treatment or control groups. Animals were vaccinated with two doses of WEVEE VRPs or the control 28 days apart. Blood was collected 28 days following primary vaccination and 21 days following boost vaccination for analysis of the immune response to the WEVEE VRP vaccine. NHPs were challenged by aerosol 28 or 29 days following second vaccination with WEEV CBA87. Vaccination with two doses of WEVEE VRP was immunogenic and resulted in neutralizing antibody responses specific for VEEV, EEEV and WEEV. None of the vaccinated animals met euthanasia criteria following aerosol exposure to WEEV CBA87. However, one NHP control (total of 11 controls) met euthanasia criteria after infection with WEEV CBA87. Statistically significant differences in median fever hours were noted in control NHPs compared to vaccinated NHPs, providing a quantitative measure of infection and efficacy of the vaccine against a WEEV challenge. Alterations in lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils were observed. Lymphopenia was observed in control NHPs.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis pada Konsep Biota Laut menuju Pembangunan Berkelanjutan melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis pada konsep biota laut menuju pembangunan berkelanjutan, melalui pembelajaran berbasis proyek pada mahasiswa calon guru biologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan one group pretest postest design. Subyek terdiri dari 31 mahasiswa yang memprogramkan mata kuliah ekologi laut di semester 5 pada salah satu universitas Kaliman Tengah. Instrument tes yang digunakan berupa soal tes Pilihan Ganda (PG) beralasan dan soal tes uraian (essay). Kegiatan pembelajaran berbasis proyek dilaksanakan enam tahap: 1) mengorientasi proyek, 2) mengidentifikasi dan mendefinisikan proyek, 3) merencanakan dan mendesain proyek yang dilakukan, 4) melakukan implementasikan proyek yang dirancang dan pengamatannya, 5) mendokumentasikan dan melaporkan temuan proyek, 6) melaporkan hasil implementasi proyek sekaligus mengevalusi untuk kegiatan proyek selanjutnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap indikator keterampilan berpikir kritis, yaitu mempertimbangkan kredibilitas sumber, menginduksi dan mempertimbangkan hasil induksi, mengidentifikasi asumsi, menentukan suatu tindakan, mengamati dan mempertimbangkan laporan hasil observasi berbeda signifikan (p=0,000). Hasil ini dapat dikatakan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis proyek pada konsep biota laut menuju pembangunan berkelanjutan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa, karena mengintegrasikan teori dan praktikum, sehingga membuat mahasiswa termotivasi untuk menghasilkan proyek
Magnetic Field Evolution in Isolated and Interacting Spiral Galaxies

This doctoral thesis covers the question about the existence and evolution of magnetic ﬁelds in galaxies. The kinematic evolution of magnetic ﬁelds in isolated spiral galaxies as well as their self- consistent evolution in interacting spirals is studied with the help of high-resolution state-of-the-art numerical simulations. Also, implications of an interaction-driven ampliﬁcation for the magnetic ﬁeld evolution during the phase of hierarchical structure formation in the Universe are discussed.
A Diachronic Study of the Pre-and Post-Verbal Distribution of Prepositional Phrases in Latin

This paper investigates the change from preto post-verbal Prepositional Phrases (PPs) in Latin which, to my knowledge, has not been investigated before. I collect data from three texts: Caesar’s De Bello Gallico (c.50 BCE), Suetonius’s Vitae Caesarum (c.120 CE) and Itinerarium Egeriae (c.385 CE). In my sample, the proportion of post-verbal PPs increases from the earlier to the later texts. There is no evidence for the change in head-directionality in the earliest text (Caesar) but by Suetonius, VP is starting to allow head-initial structure. Significantly, contrary to what we might expect from typological studies of OV and VO languages, Latin does not seem to go through an OVX-like stage: the rate of PP-extraposition is still low in Suetonius although the change in head-directionality has started. Thus, there is no evidence that PP-extraposition is leading the change in head-directionality. Nevertheless, there are changes in PP-extraposition from the earlier to later texts: the rate of PP-extraposition increases as Latin becomes increasingly head-initial. Finally, in Itinerarium Egeriae, which is the latest text, certain PPs strongly prefer pre-verbal position. This may be because the preand post-verbal position are, to an extent, semantically differentiated and this may reflect the later stage of the change.
Household factors and electrical peak demand: a review for further assessment

ABSTRACT At least one-third of the total electricity generation of a country is consumed by the residential sector, which is one of the most unpredictable consumer groups with respect to electricity usage and thus risks network security by producing peaks in demand. Consequently, a growing body of literature has paid particular attention to this sector and explored the household factors responsible for residential electricity consumption. However, comprehensive studies that explicitly considered all these factors in relation to peaks in demand have rarely been undertaken. A comprehensive review of the factors that contribute to residential electricity consumption has thus been conducted. Possible links between these factors and peaks in demand are investigated. As part of this review, in-house energy-use dynamics are presented, and a framework for future studies is introduced. The results of this review would serve as a useful reference to engage in new research dealing with residential factors and peaks in electrical demand.
Second exam of right colon improves adenoma detection rate: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background and study aims A second examination of the right colon, either as a second forward view (SFV) or as retroflexion (RF) in the cecum, can increase adenoma detection rate (ADR) in the right colon. In this meta-analysis, we have evaluated the role of a second examination of the right colon in improving ADR. Methods We reviewed several databases to identify randomized controlled trials that compared right colon SFV with no SFV, and RCTs that compared SFV with RF in the right colon, and reported data on ADR. Our outcomes of interest were ADR and polyp detection rate (PDR) with SFV vs no SFV, right colon and total withdrawal times, and additional ADR and PDR with SFV vs RF. For categorical variables, we calculated pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs); for continuous variables, we calculated standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95 % CI. Data were analyzed using random effects model. Results We included six studies with 3901 patients. Comparing SFV with no SFV, right colon ADR and PDR were significantly higher in the SFV group: ADR (RR [95 % CI] 1.39 [1.22,1.58]) and PDR (RR [95 % CI] 1.47 [1.30, 1.65]). We found no significant difference in right colon withdrawal time (SMD [95 % CI] 1.54 [–0.20,3.28]) or total withdrawal time (SMD (95 % CI) 0.37 [–0.39,1.13]) with and without SFV. We found no significant difference in additional ADR between SFV and RF. Conclusions SFV of the right colon significantly increases right-sided and overall ADR.
A High-Density Crowd Counting Method Based on Convolutional Feature Fusion

In recent years, the trampling events due to overcrowding have occurred frequently, which leads to the demand for crowd counting under a high-density environment. At present, there are few studies on monitoring crowds in a large-scale crowded environment, while there exists technology drawbacks and a lack of mature systems. Aiming to solve the crowd counting problem with high-density under complex environments, a feature fusion-based deep convolutional neural network method FF-CNN (Feature Fusion of Convolutional Neural Network) was proposed in this paper. The proposed FF-CNN mapped the crowd image to its crowd density map, and then obtained the head count by integration. The geometry adaptive kernels were adopted to generate high-quality density maps which were used as ground truths for network training. The deconvolution technique was used to achieve the fusion of high-level and low-level features to get richer features, and two loss functions, i.e., density map loss and absolute count loss, were used for joint optimization. In order to increase the sample diversity, the original images were cropped with a random cropping method for each iteration. The experimental results of FF-CNN on the ShanghaiTech public dataset showed that the fusion of low-level and high-level features can extract richer features to improve the precision of density map estimation, and further improve the accuracy of crowd counting.