Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Starburst galaxy contributions to extragalactic source counts

Using detailed models of galaxy spectra, luminosity functions defined at 60 ! lm and pure luminosity evolution, the number-flux relation for extragalactic sources is constructed for wavelengths ranging from the sub millimetre, through the infrared, to the K, I and B photometric bands. Such accurate source counts are vital for the preparation of possible survey strategies for the next generation of ground-based instruments and space-borne observatories such as SCUBA, ISO and FIRST. The model consists of non-evolving spiral and elliptical components mixed with an evolving population of starburst galaxies, active galactic nuclei and a hyperluminous galaxy component. Pure luminosity evolution of the form L (z) =L (0)(1 +Z)3.1 is used for all the evolving components. We show that, with this form of universal evolution, an excellent fit is found for both the source counts at 60 ! lm and the faint (S < 1 mJy) radio counts at 1.4 GHz where the starburst galaxies are dominant. A new calculation of the infrared (IR) background comes interestingly close to the most recent COBE limits at 500 ! lm. By extending our models to the near-IR we find that starburst galaxies only contribute to the K and I bands at the faintest magnitudes and that an open universe provides a better fit than closed world models, although this conclusion is highly dependent on the assumed form of the evolution. In order to build a more complete picture of the extragalactic populations at various wavelengths, we directly connect the 60-! lm and optical luminosity functions for spiral galaxies. For normal spiral galaxies emitting in the IR via IR 'cirrus' (re radiation of starlight by interstellar dust), we confirm earlier findings that L supporting the idea that spiral galaxies are on average optically thin to dust. For starburst galaxies we constrain the escape fraction of optical light to 5-10 per cent, and suggest that a strongly evolving starburst component could explain the faint-blue galaxy excess and the increasitlg number of emission-line objects found in redshift surveys to B~22-24, depending on the world model.
One smoothing property of the scattering map of the KdV on $\mathbb{R}$

In this paper we prove that in appropriate weighted Sobolev spaces, in the case of no bound states, the scattering map of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) on $\mathbb{R}$ is a perturbation of the Fourier transform by a regularizing operator. As an application of this result, we show that the difference of the KdV flow and the corresponding Airy flow is 1-smoothing.
Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid and Lipid Biosynthesis in Developing Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Seed Kernels from Qinghai Plateau

Walnut (Juglans regia) is an important woody oil-bearing plant with high nutritional value. For better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of its oil accumulation in the Qinghai Plateau, in this study we monitored walnut fruit development, and 15 cDNA libraries were constructed from walnut seed kernels collected at 72, 79, 93, 118 and 135 days after flowering (DAF). The candidate genes were identified using sequencing and expression analysis. The results showed that the oil content in the kernels increased dramatically in late July and reached the maximum value of 69% in mature seed. More than 90% of the oils were unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and linoleic acid (18:2) was the predominant UFA accumulated in mature seed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 15 KEGG pathways of lipid metabolism were detected. We identified 119 DEGs related to FA de novo biosynthesis (38 DEGs), FA elongation and desaturation (39 DEGs), triacylglycerol (TAG) assembly (24 DEGs), oil bodies (12 DEGs), and transcription factors (TFs, 6 DEGs). The abundantly expressed oleosins, caleosins and steroleosins may be important for timely energy reserve in oil bodies. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that AP2/ERF and bHLH were the key TFs, and were co-expressed with ACC1, α-CT, BCCP, MAT, KASII, LACS, FATA, and PDCT. Our transcriptome data will enrich public databases and provide new insights into functional genes related to the seed kernel lipid metabolism and oil accumulation in J. regia.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Picolinoyl (4-ethylthiosemicarbazide) and its New Heteroleptic Cu(II) Complex

The ligand picolinoyl(4-ethylthiosemicarbazide) HL was synthesized by the reaction of picolinohydrazide and ethyl isothiocyanate in absolute ethanol. The structure of HL was characterized by spectroscopic methods such as IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. One-pot reaction of CuCl2 and equimolar amounts of HL and o-phenanthroline in CH2Cl2/MeOH mixture with the presence of a supporting base like pyridine gave rise to a new heteroleptic cationic Cu(II) complex with the composition of [Cu(L)(o-phen)]+. Crystalline PF6– salt was obtained after workup with (n-Bu4N)(PF6) and single-crystal structure of the complex was determined. The spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallography demonstrated that the Cu(II) ion is five-coordinate with the coordination sphere consisted of (S, N1, Npyridine) and (N, N) donor sets belonging to the singly deprotonated ligand {L–} and o-phenanthroline, respectively.
Escaping Saddle Points with the Successive Convex Approximation Algorithm

Optimizing non-convex functions is of primary importance in the vast majority of machine learning algorithms. Even though many gradient descent based algorithms have been studied, successive convex approximation based algorithms have been recently empirically shown to converge faster. However, such successive convex approximation based algorithms can get stuck in a first-order stationary point. To avoid that, we propose an algorithm that perturbs the optimization variable slightly at the appropriate iteration. In addition to achieving the same convergence rate results as the non-perturbed version, we show that the proposed algorithm converges to a second order stationary point. Thus, the proposed algorithm escapes the saddle point efficiently and does not get stuck at the first order saddle points.
Vanishing Viscosity Solutions of Nonlinear Hyperbolic Systems

We consider the Cauchy problem for a strictly hyperbolic, n × n system in one-space dimension: ut + A(u)ux = 0, assuming that the initial data have small total variation. We show that the solutions of the viscous approximations ut + A(u)ux = euxx are defined globally in time and satisfy uniform BV estimates, independent of e. Moreover, they depend continuously on the initial data in the L 1 distance, with a Lipschitz constant independent of t, e. Letting e → 0, these viscous solutions converge to a unique limit, depending Lipschitz continuously on the initial data. In the conservative case where A = Df is the Jacobian
Factors Associated with the Antibiotic Treatment of Children Hospitalized for COVID-19 during the Lockdown in Serbia

Unselective use of antibiotics to treat children with COVID-19 is one of the major issues during the pandemic in Serbia. Thus far, there has been no evidence about the predictors of multiple antibiotic use in the treatment of children with COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of antibiotic use, as well as to examine demographic and clinical factors associated with a greater number of antibiotics and with a longer antibiotic treatment administered to hospitalized children with COVID-19 during the lockdown in Serbia. This study included all children who were hospitalized from 6 March to 31 May 2020 at the only pediatric COVID-19 hospital, and who were confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from medical records. The antibiotic treatment included the use of azithromycin, cephalosporin (ceftriaxone), ampicillin-amikacin, and hydroxychloroquine. The overall prevalence of antibiotics use in children hospitalized with COVID-19 regardless of age was 47.2% (43.3% in children aged 1–5 years and 44.4% in those aged 5–17 years). In children aged 1–5 years, not having a family member affected by COVID-19 (B = −1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.43, −0.34, p = 0.011), having pneumonia on chest X-ray (B = 0.81, 95%CI 0.34, 1.29, p = 0.002), being a boy (B = −0.65, 95%CI −1.17, −0.13, p = 0.018), and having higher C-reactive protein (CRP) values on admission (B = 0.12, 95%CI 0.07, 0.17, p = 0.001) were associated with the administration of a higher number of antibiotics. These factors, along with having fever (B = 3.20, 95%CI 1.03, 5.37, p = 0.006), were associated with a longer duration of antibiotic treatment in children aged 1–5 years. In children aged 5–17 years, having pharyngeal erythema (B = 1.37, 95%CI 0.61, 2.13, p = 0.001), fever (B = 0.43, 95%CI 0.07, 0.79, p = 0.018), and pneumonia on chest X-ray (B = 0.91, 95%CI 0.53, 1.29, p = 0.001), not having rhinorrhea (B = −1.27, 95%CI −2.47, −0.08, p = 0.037), being a girl (B = 0.52, 95%CI 0.08, 0.97, p = 0.021), and having higher CRP values on admission (B = 0.04, 95%CI 0.01, 0.06, p = 0.006) were associated with the administration of a higher number of antibiotics. These factors, not including the absence of rhinorrhea, were associated with a longer duration of antibiotics treatment in children aged 5–17 years. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory parameters were associated with the use of multiple antibiotics and a longer duration of antibiotic treatment both among children aged 1–5 years and those aged 5–17 years.
Generalized global symmetries in states with dynamical defects: The case of the transverse sound in field theory and holography

In this work, we show how states with conserved numbers of dynamical defects (strings, domain walls, etc.) can be understood as possessing generalised global symmetries even when the microscopic origins of these symmetries are unknown. Using this philosophy, we build an effective theory of a $2+1$-dimensional fluid state with two perpendicular sets of immersed elastic line defects. When the number of defects is independently conserved in each set, then the state possesses two one-form symmetries. Normally, such viscoelastic states are described as fluids coupled to Goldstone bosons associated with spontaneous breaking of translational symmetry caused by the underlying microscopic structure-the principle feature of which is a transverse sound mode. At the linear, non-dissipative level, we verify that our theory, based entirely on symmetry principles, is equivalent to a viscoelastic theory. We then build a simple holographic dual of such a state containing dynamical gravity and two two-form gauge fields, and use it to study its hydrodynamic and higher-energy spectral properties characterised by non-hydrodynamic, gapped modes. Based on the holographic analysis of transverse two-point functions, we study consistency between low-energy predictions of the bulk theory and the effective boundary theory. Various new features of the holographic dictionary are explained in theories with higher-form symmetries, such as the mixed-boundary-condition modification of the quasinormal mode prescription that depends on the running coupling of the boundary double-trace deformations. Furthermore, we examine details of low- and high-energy parts of the spectrum that depend on temperature, line defect densities and the renormalisation group scale (dimensional transmutation).
A Dual-Plasmid-Based CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Strategy Enables Targeted Editing of pH Regulatory Gene pacC in a Clinical Isolate of Trichophyton rubrum

Trichophyton rubrum is the most prevalent causative agent responsible for 80–90% of all known superficial fungal infections in humans, worldwide. Limited available methods for genetic manipulations have been one of the major bottlenecks in understanding relevant molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis in T. rubrum. Here, a dual-plasmid-based CRISPR/Cas9 strategy to edit pH regulatory transcription factor, pacC, of a clinical isolate of T. rubrum by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair is presented. A cas9–eGFP fusion that aids pre-screening of primary transformants through detection of GFP fluorescence is expressed from one plasmid while target-specific sgRNA from the other brings about mutagenesis of pacC with an overall efficiency of 33.8–37.3%. The mutants had reduced transcript levels of pacC at both acidic and alkaline pH with several morphological abnormalities. We believe this dual-plasmid-based CRISPR/Cas9 strategy will aid functional genomics studies, especially in non-lab-adapted clinical strains of T. rubrum.
Speculations on homological mirror symmetry for hypersurfaces in $(\mathbb{C}^*)^n$

Given an algebraic hypersurface $H=f^{-1}(0)$ in $(\mathbb{C}^*)^n$, homological mirror symmetry relates the wrapped Fukaya category of $H$ to the derived category of singularities of the mirror Landau-Ginzburg model. We propose an enriched version of this picture which also features the wrapped Fukaya category of the complement $(\mathbb{C}^*)^n\setminus H$ and the Fukaya-Seidel category of the Landau-Ginzburg model $((\mathbb{C}^*)^n,f)$. We illustrate our speculations on simple examples, and sketch a proof of homological mirror symmetry for higher-dimensional pairs of pants.
Working with Nonassociative Geometry and Field Theory

We review aspects of our formalism for differential geometry on noncommutative and nonassociative spaces which arise from cochain twist deformation quantization of manifolds. We work in the simplest setting of trivial vector bundles and flush out the details of our approach providing explicit expressions for all bimodule operations, and for connections and curvature. As applications, we describe the constructions of physically viable action functionals for Yang-Mills theory and Einstein-Cartan gravity on noncommutative and nonassociative spaces, as first steps towards more elaborate models relevant to non-geometric flux deformations of geometry in closed string theory.
Irreducible components of deformation spaces: wild 2-adic exercises

We prove that the irreducible components of the space of framed deformations of the trivial 2-dimensional mod 2 representation of the absolute Galois group of Q_2 are in natural bijection with those of the trivial character, confirming a conjecture of B\"ockle. We deduce from this result that crystalline points are Zariski dense in that space: this provides the missing ingredient for the surjectivity of the p-adic local Langlands correspondence for GL_2(Q_p) in the case p=2 (the result was already known for p\geq 3).
The Semiring of Values of an Algebroid Curve

We introduce the semiring of values $\Gamma$ with respect to the tropical operations associated to an algebroid curve. As a set, $\Gamma$ determines and is determined by the well known semigroup of values $S$ and we prove that $\Gamma$ is always finitely generated in contrast to $S$. In particular, for a plane curve, we present a straightforward way to obtain $\Gamma$ in terms of the semiring of each branch of the curve and the mutual intersection multiplicity of its branches. In the analytical case, this allows us to connect directly the results of Zariski and Waldi that characterize the topological type of the curve.
Diffractive Propagation on Conic Manifolds

In this survey, we review some applications and extensions of the author's results with Richard Melrose on propagation of singularities for solutions to the wave equation on manifolds with conical singularities. These results mainly concern: the local decay of energy on noncompact manifolds with diffractive trapped orbits (joint work with Dean Baskin); singularities of the wave trace created by diffractive closed geodesics (joint work with G. Austin Ford); and the distribution of scattering resonances associated to such closed geodesics (joint work with Luc Hillairet).
Stable reconstruction of the volatility in a regime-switching local-volatility model

Prices of European call options in a regime-switching local volatility model can be computed by solving a parabolic system which generalises the classical Black and Scholes equation, giving these prices as functionals of the local volatilities. We prove Lipschitz stability for the inverse problem of determining the local volatilities from quoted call option prices for a range of strikes, if the calls are indexed by the different states of the continuous Markov chain which governs the regime switches.
Argopistes sexvittatus and Argopistes capensis (Chrysomelidae: Alticini): Mitogenomics and Phylogeny of Two Flea Beetles Affecting Olive Trees

The genus Argopistes (Chrysomelidae: Alticini) is the only group of flea beetles specialized in plant hosts in the family Oleaceae. In southern Africa, Argopistes are often found feeding on African Wild Olive (Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata) and European cultivated olive (O. e. subsp. europaea), and heavy infestations can be devastating to mature trees and compromise the development of young trees. Despite their negative agricultural impact, African Argopistes are an understudied group for which no genetic data were available. We assessed the species diversity of olive flea beetles in the Western Cape province of South Africa, the largest olive-producing region in sub-Saharan Africa, by collecting adult specimens on wild and cultivated olive trees between 2015 and 2017. Argopistes sexvittatus Bryant, 1922 (n = 289) dominated at all sampling sites, and Argopistes capensis Bryant, 1944 (n = 2) was found only once. Argopistes oleae Bryant, 1922, a third species previously reported in the region, was not found. The complete mitogenomes of one A. capensis and two A. sexvittatus (striped and black morphotypes) individuals were sequenced for phylogenetic reconstruction in the context of other 64 species. The two olive flea beetle species form a monophyletic clade with other Argopistes, supporting the hypothesis that the exclusive feeding habit on Oleaceae is an evolutionary adaptation in this genus.
Evidence That a Deep Meridional Flow Sets the Sunspot Cycle Period

Sunspots appear on the Sun in two bands on either side of the equator that drift toward lower latitudes as each sunspot cycle progresses. We examine the drift of the centroid of the sunspot area toward the equator in each hemisphere from 1874 to 2002 and find that the drift rate slows as the centroid approaches the equator. We compare the drift rate at sunspot cycle maximum with the period of each cycle for each hemisphere and find a highly significant anticorrelation: hemispheres with faster drift rates have shorter periods. These observations are consistent with a meridional counterflow deep within the Sun as the primary driver of the migration toward the equator and the period associated with the sunspot cycle. We also find that the drift rate at maximum is significantly correlated with the amplitude of the following cycle, a prediction of dynamo models that employ a deep meridional flow toward the equator. Our results indicate an amplitude of about 1.2 m s-1 for the meridional flow velocity at the base of the solar convection zone.
Modeling of macroscopic stresses in a dilute suspension of small weakly inertial particles

In this paper we derive asymptotically the macroscopic bulk stress of a suspension of small inertial particles in an incompressible Newtonian fluid. We apply the general asymptotic framework to the special case of ellipsoidal particles and show the resulting modification due to inertia on the well-known particle-stresses based on the theory by Batchelor and Jeffery.
Calculating isotopy classes of Heegaard splittings

We show that given a partially flat angled ideal triangulation for a 3-manifold $M$ with boundary (as defined by Lackenby), there is an algorithm to produce a list of Heegaard splittings for $M$ such that below a given genus $g$, each isotopy class appears exactly once. In particular, this algorithm determines precisely when two almost normal surfaces represent Heegaard splittings that are isotopic in the ambient 3-manifold. A closely related algorithm determines the smallest genus common stabilization of any two Heegaard splittings on the list. The methods, in fact, characterize isotopies between Heegaard surfaces in any triangulation, but the existence of infinitely many normal surfaces of the same genus prevents this characterization from being algorithmic in general.
Contribution to the problem of near‐zone inverse Doppler effect

The existence of an inverse Doppler effect in free space is again scrutinized, following some papers predicting the existence of such phenomena in the near zone of a moving oscillating three‐dimensional dipole. In the present paper the wave scattered from a perfectly conducting thin cylinder moving in the presence of a plane electromagnetic wave is analyzed. The response of such a cylinder may be considered as due to either a two‐dimensional monopole or a two‐dimensional dipole in accordance with the polarization of the incident wave. An intensive numerical spectral estimation based on the fundamental definitions of the terms “frequency,” “spectrum,” and “uncertainty” is performed on the scattered wave at various ranges. An inverse Doppler effect was not found for the two‐dimensional case. The same analysis was applied to the case of a moving three‐dimensional radiating dipole, reconfirming previous results which showed the presence of an inverse Doppler effect in the near zone of the three‐dimensional dipole.
Control of laminar vortex shedding behind a circular cylinder using splitter plates

Laminar vortex shedding behind a circular cylinder and its control using splitter plates attached to the cylinder are simulated. The vortex shedding behind a circular cylinder completely disappears when the length of the splitter plate is larger than a critical length, and this critical length is found to be proportional to the Reynolds number. The Strouhal number of the vortex shedding is rapidly decreasing with the increased plate length until the plate length (l) is nearly the same as the cylinder diameter (d). On the other hand, at 1<l/d<2, the control shows two different behaviors for the Reynolds numbers investigated. The net drag is significantly reduced by the splitter plate, and there exists an optimum length of the plate for minimum drag at a given Reynolds number. From an examination of the instantaneous flow fields, it is found that the Strouhal number modification by the splitter plate is closely related to the size of the primary vortex behind the cylinder and the length of the plate.
Generalized nonlinear oscillators with quasi-harmonic behaviour: Classical solutions

The classical nonlinear oscillator, proposed by Mathews and Lakshmanan [Q. Appl. Math. 32, 215 (1974)] and including a position-dependent mass in the kinetic energy term, is generalized in two different ways by adding an extra term to the potential. The solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equation are shown to exhibit richer behaviour patterns than those of the original nonlinear oscillator.
Unique hue data for colour appearance models. Part I: Loci of unique hues and hue uniformity

Psychophysical experiments were conducted to assess unique hues on a CRT display for a large sample of colour-normal observers (n ¼ 185). These data were then used to evaluate the most commonly used colour appear- ance model, CIECAM02, by transforming the CIEXYZ tris- timulus values of the unique hues to the CIECAM02 colour appearance attributes, lightness, chroma and hue angle. We report two findings: (1) the hue angles derived from our unique hue data are inconsistent with the commonly used Natural Color System hues that are incorporated in the CIECAM02 model. We argue that our predicted unique hue angles (derived from our large dataset) provide a more reliable standard for colour management applications when the precise specification of these salient colours is im- portant. (2) We test hue uniformity for CIECAM02 in all four unique hues and show significant disagreements for all hues, except for unique red which seems to be invariant under lightness changes. Our dataset is useful to improve the CIECAM02 model as it provides reliable data for