Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ecological legacy of Indian burning practices in southwestern Oregon

Approved: ______________________________________________________ David A. Perry Two research questions are posed: (1) How have ecosystem conditions changed through time in southwestern Oregon? (2) How have culture-driven and climate-driven processes contributed to ecosystem change in southwestern Oregon? A brief introduction to the Little River study area is followed by a cultural and ecological history of the watershed. Historical, ecological and archaeological data are used to describe shifts in landscape structure, stand structure and fire behavior. Changes in corridor/patch/matrix relationships, increases in stand densities, and changes in stand age and species structure are documented, and changes in fire dynamics from frequent to infrequent, and small to large are corroborated with descriptive statistics from the nearby 2002 Umpqua Fires. Hypotheses are then proposed to test the relative influence of humans vs. climate on landscape change during Aboriginal (<1820) vs. Euroagrarian (1850-1950) cultural phases. While precipitation shows no correlation with fire frequency or tree recruitment before 1820, significant associations are observed from 1850 to 1950. Moreover, a significant correlation exists between fire frequency and subsequent tree recruitment after 1850, but is not observed during aboriginal times. This suggests that indigenous management fires may have obscured precipitation influences that become apparent only after 1850. In order to test spatial hypotheses concerning the associations between indigenous humans and the landscape, archaeological sites were digitized into a GIS, and ergonomic pathways were modeled between them. These maps are then compared to historically fire-maintained upland meadows interpreted from 1946 aerial photos. A significant spatial correlation was found between archaeological sites and historic meadows, and a highly significant spatial correlation was found between modeled travel networks and historic meadows. The close spatial association between cultural features and fire-maintained habitats again suggests active landscape management by local Indians. These associations are corroborated with historical records. After summarizing the shifts in ecological conditions and describing current conditions, I argue that while restoring the landscape to aboriginal conditions is no longer possible, emulating those conditions within the framework of the Little River Adaptive Management Area Plan can improve the resilience and productivity of the Little River watershed. © Copyright by Kenneth R. Carloni May 20, 2005 All Rights Reserved The Ecological Legacy of Indian Burning Practices in Southwestern Oregon by Kenneth R. Carloni
Preuves formelles en arithmétiques à virgule flottante

Cette these est representative de mon experience de rapprochement de l'arithmetique a virgule flottante, regie par la norme IEEE-754, et de la preuve formelle, ici l'assistant de preuves Coq. La formalisation des nombres flottants utilisee a ete premierement developpee par L. Thery. J'ai tout d'abord teste et enrichi la bibliotheque avec des proprietes simples a exprimer dans le formalisme choisi: le fait qu'une valeur reelle soit exactement representable par un nombre flottant. J'ai ensuite fait differentes extensions du modele: rapprochement avec la realite materielle des processeurs, generalisation a la representation en complement a 2 et etude d'un arrondi plus faible. En utilisant les resultats precedents, j'ai etudie deux applications reelles. La premiere est une bibliotheque de calcul multi-precision basee sur les expansions. La seconde est l'evaluation de fonctions elementaires (exponentielle, cosinus. . . ): j'ai resolu la plupart des problemes de la reduction d'argument en garantissant formellement les conditions et algorithmes associes et j'ai etudie l'evaluation polynomiale par l'algorithme de Horner. J'ai montre la faisabilite de preuves formelles dans le domaine complexe de l'arithmetique des ordinateurs. J'ai determine les points forts et les limites de cette demarche en obtenant un recul suffisant face a cette formalisation par differents moyens: enrichissement de la bibliotheque, extensions du modele et validation de vraies applications.
Multiple treatment comparison meta-analyses: a step forward into complexity

: The use of meta-analysis has become increasingly useful for clinical and policy decision making. A recent development in meta-analysis, multiple treatment comparison (MTC) meta-analysis, provides inferences on the comparative effectiveness of interventions that may have never been directly evaluated in clinical trials. This new approach may be confusing for clinicians and methodologists and raises specific challenges relevant to certain areas of medicine. This article addresses the methodological concepts of MTC meta-analysis, including issues of heterogeneity, choice of model, and adequacy of sample sizes. We address domain-specific challenges relevant to disciplines of medicine, including baseline risks of patient populations. We conclude that MTC meta-analysis is a useful tool in the context of comparative effectiveness and requires further study, as its utility and transparency will likely predict its uptake by the research and clinical community. Clinical Epidemiology an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal focusing on disease and drug epidemiology, identification risk screening to develop optimal preventative initiatives and programs. Specific topics include: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, screening, prevention, risk factor modification, systematic reviews, risk & safety of medical interventions, epidemiology & bio- statical methods, evaluation of guidelines, translational medicine, health policies & economic evaluations. The manuscript management system is completely online and includes a very quick and fair peer-review system, which is all easy to use.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Measurements of long-range azimuthal anisotropies and associated Fourier coefficients for pp collisions at √s̅=5.02 and 13 TeV and p +Pb collisions at √s̅_̅(̅N̅N̅)̅=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector

long-range anisotropies Fourier coefficients for collisions at √s̅=5.02 and 13 TeV and p +Pb collisions TeV with the detector. ATLAS measurements of two-particle correlations are presented for √ s = 5 . 02 and 13 TeV pp collisions and for √ s NN = 5 . 02 TeV p + Pb collisions at the LHC. The correlation functions are measured as a function of relative azimuthal angle (cid:2)φ , and pseudorapidity separation (cid:2)η , using charged particles detected within the pseudorapidity interval | η | < 2 . 5. Azimuthal modulation in the long-range component of the correlation function, with | (cid:2)η | > 2, is studied using a template ﬁtting procedure to remove a “back-to-back” contribution to the correlation function that primarily arises from hard-scattering processes. In addition to the elliptic, cos(2 (cid:2)φ ), modulation observed in a previous measurement, the pp correlation functions exhibit signiﬁcant cos(3 (cid:2)φ ) and cos(4 (cid:2)φ ) modulation. The Fourier coefﬁcients v n,n associated with the cos( n(cid:2)φ ) modulation of the correlation functions for n = 2–4 are measured as a function of charged-particle multiplicity and charged-particle transverse momentum. The Fourier coefﬁcients are observed to be compatible with cos( nφ ) modulation of per-event single-particle azimuthal angle distributions. The single-particle Fourier coefﬁcients v n are measured as a function of charged-particlemultiplicity,andcharged-particletransversemomentumfor n = 2–4.Theintegratedluminosities used in this analysis are, 64 nb − 1 for the √ s = 13 TeV pp data, 170 nb − 1 for the √ s = 5 . 02 TeV pp data, and 28 nb − 1 for the √ s NN = 5 . 02 TeV p + Pb data. limits of the range. Where no multiplicity range is provided the uncertainty is multiplicity independent. the uncertainty varies from the ﬁrst value to the second value as the multiplicity varies from the lower to upper limits of the range. Where no multiplicity range is provided the uncertainty is multiplicity independent.
Energy Efﬁcient Resource Allocation for UAV-Served Energy Harvesting-Supported Cognitive Industrial M2M Networks

—In this letter, the resource allocation problem for Energy Harvesting-supported Cognitive Industrial Machine-to-Machine (EH-CI-M2M) network underlaying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) communication is investigated with the objective of maximizing the average energy efﬁciency by jointly considering the EH time slot assignment, transmit power control and bandwidth allocation under the constraints of Quality of Service (QoS) and the available energy status of the EH-CMNet devices. Nevertheless, the optimization problem is difﬁcult to be tackled directly since it is non-convex and NP-hard. We ﬁrst transform the primitive objective problem into a convex form equivalently by non-linear fractional programming and variable relaxation approach. Based on Dinkelbach and Lagrangian theory, an iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the benchmark schemes in terms of energy efﬁciency in different network settings.
TWAVE: A Modeling System for Flooding and Inundation of Islands by Tropical Storms

Abstract : This report, the first of a series, describes the coastal modeling package TWAVE (Typhoon and WAVE) developed under the Surge and Wave Island Modeling Studies (SWIMS) project capable of modeling tropical cyclone winds, waves, storm surge, and coastal inundation. The TWAVE flood and inundation package is a practice-oriented engineering modeling tool. The first version of TWAVE is described in this report and will be updated based on user feedback in subsequent reports and as new modeling capabilities become available. The objective of this research is to develop a system with multiple levels of complexity that is suitable for applications such as hindcast, forecast, and hypothetical storms. TWAVE is a personal computer based modeling system and uses Microsoft Excel to organize and visualize input and output data. The package includes three wind models coupled to a deepwater spectral wave model and a parametric wave model with several options for calculating reef top wave heights, wave setup, and runup. These calculations range from simple empirical formulations to a fully nonlinear Boussinesq wave model. TWAVE modeling system is currently configured for the U.S. Territory of Guam and the island of Kauai, HI, but can easily be configured for other locations. A full description of the TWAVE package of programs and input, and output are described in this report to assist users who interested in adopting the system to their specific needs. TWAVE is a modular system, and this makes it possible to add new components and replace existing modules as necessary. TWAVE modeling package is validated using measured offshore winds and waves, and coastal inundation records for Hurricane Iniki at Poipu beach on the island of Kauai, HI. Modeling estimates generally compare reasonably well with measurements. The calculated offshore winds, waves, and coastal inundation estimates compare favorably to data.
NODAL DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHODS FOR MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS IN LORENTZ-KERR-RAMAN MEDIUM WITHOUT NONLINEAR ALGEBRAIC SOLVE∗

The propagation of electromagnetic waves is modeled by time-dependent Maxwell’s equations coupled with constitutive laws that describe the responses of the media. In this work, we consider a nonlinear model that describes the electromagnetic wave in an optical medium with the linear Lorentz effect and the cubic nonlinear instantaneous Kerr and delayed Raman effects. Mathematically this model obeys an energy conservative/dissipative law. Though there have been active efforts in designing numerical methods (e
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Associated Uveitis in Adults: A Case Series

Purpose: To report a series of adults with uveitis following juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and uveitis as children. Methods: The clinical features, treatment, complications, and visual outcome were ascertained for 17 patients at a single centre. Results: Seventeen adults with previously diagnosed JIA and ongoing uveitis (30 eyes) were identified. All required at least topical steroids. The complication rate was high (15 patients, 23 eyes), most frequently cataract (57%), glaucoma (33%), and posterior synechiae (30%). The rate of visual acuity loss to 6/12 threshold (6/12 or worse) for patients with uveitis < 15 years (Group A) was 13.3%, (and 6.7% to 6/60 threshold) and for patients with uveitis >15 years (Group B) was 26.7% (and 20% to 6/60 threshold). Overall, the rate of visual acuity loss to 6/12 threshold was 20% (6 eyes) and to 6/60 threshold, 13.3% (4 eyes). Conclusions: JIA may be associated with ongoing uveitis and complications in adulthood.
Role of rituximab in first-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a biologically heterogeneous illness that primarily afflicts the elderly. For many decades, the initial therapy for most patients requiring treatment was limited to single-agent alkylator therapy. Within the last two decades, we have seen remarkable progress in understanding the biology of CLL and the development of more effective treatment strategies that have employed monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab (anti-CD20). Furthermore, recognition of the synergy between fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) prompted investigators to explore the clinical activity of FCR in Phase II and III trials in patients with relapsed/refractory or previously untreated CLL. On the basis of these findings, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved rituximab in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide for the treatment of patients with relapsed/ refractory or previously untreated CD20-postive CLL. Recent data from a randomized Phase III trial has confirmed improved overall survival with FCR in patients with previously untreated CLL. However, FCR is not for everyone. More tolerable regimens using rituximab for the elderly and less fit patients are being pursued in clinical trials. Recent Phase II trials have explored potentially less myelosuppressive approaches by using lower doses of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide, replacing fludarabine with pentostatin, and combining rituximab with chlorambucil. Furthermore new biomarkers predictive of early disease progression have prompted investigators to explore the benefits of early treatment with rituximab combined with other agents. In addition to the proven utility of rituximab as a frontline agent for CLL, rituximab has a favorable toxicity profile both as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy. The majority of adverse events are Grade 1 and 2 infusion-related reactions (fevers, chills, and rigors) and occur with the first dose of rituximab. The improved tolerability observed with second and subsequent infusions allows for shorter infusion times. Rituximab’s proven activity and favorable toxicity profile has made it an ideal agent for expanding treatment options for patients with CLL, the majority of whom are elderly.
The Aftermarket Performance of Initial Public Offerings in Latin America

This study extends the international evidence on initial public offerings (IPOs) and is the first comprehensive analysis examining new issues in the Latin American countries of Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. These countries have been among the best performing markets in the early 1990s and are undergoing major modernization programs and opening their economies. Since Chile uses an auction process to go public, while issues are offered at a fixed price in Brazil and Mexico, interesting comparisons based on the method of going public emerge. Further, both Chile and Mexico have been involved in massive privatization programs, and Brazil has embarked on one as well. A large proportion of the new issues in Chile were privatizations. This allows an examination of IPOs involved in privatization versus nonprivatization programs.
En Route to High-Performance Discharges: Insights and Guidance from High-Realism Gyrokinetics

Although remarkable progress in ab initio gyrokinetic plasma core turbulence studies has been seen in the last decade, some important open issues remain – e.g., in view of high performance discharges where magnetic fluctuations tend to reduce the turbulence levels and where the presence of fast ions may provide significant stabilization enhancements. This effect was shown to lead to a remarkable reduction of ion temperature profile stiffness in JET and was required to explain DIII-D quiescent H-modes as well as non-inductive ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) discharges. Several questions immediately arise in this context: Are these mainly local flux-tube simulation based – results modified by nonlocal effects in steepgradient regimes? Can fast ion populations be used to control turbulent transport in burning plasmas? All of these questions culminate into this one: To which degree is core gyrokinetics able to reproduce observations from present-day experiments and predict future devices? In order to address this crucial task, comprehensive state-of-the-art validation studies with AUG fluctuation measurements will be presented. Furthermore, nonlocal studies will be shown confirming that the level of stabilization and threshold values for transitions between electromagnetic micro-instabilities, like ion temperature gradient driven and kinetic ballooning modes, may be affected by nonlocal effects. In addition, light will be shed on the improvements that can be expected by considering fast ion effects in electrostatic and electromagnetic simulations. Employing the gyrokinetic code GENE, a wave-fast ion resonance mechanism was found to be critical in describing corresponding JET discharges. While irrelevant to fusion-generated alpha particles which just act as diluting particles, it can be shown that cleverly tailored fast ion temperature (gradient) profiles may still offer pathways towards optimized plasma scenarios with substantial turbulence reduction. The predictions are further improved by studying the impact of more realistic fast ion models than the often employed equivalent Maxwellian backgrounds.
Online action detection

In online detection, the objective is to detect the start of an action in a video stream as soon as it happens. It is an important yet challenging problem. In many realistic scenarios, we need to detect the action before the action is completed. For example, in the autonomous driving system, it is crucial to detect whether the pedestrian is crossing the street well in time in order to make a decision to stop or to reduce the velocity. Online action detection is a very challenging task in many aspects. It is very hard to predict the start of action for three reasons: First, the background is very diverse. Moreover, there is only a few action instance in a very long video. Last but not least, the model only observes part of the action to predict. To address those challenges, we propose a framework for online action detection and simulate experiments on a large-scale untrimmed video dataset. With the proposed method we have obtained very competitive performance. We also proposed a new evaluation metric for online detection models: Point mean Average Precision (Point mAP), a more appropriate metric than the existing evaluation metrics that have been designed for action detection in an offline setting. We have conducted experiments on THUMOS’14 dataset of video analysis where our proposed model achieved the state-of-the-art performance on the online action detection task.
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996)]

For the molecules Be2, F2, and P2 of Table I, the unrestricted Hartree-Fock solution breaks the singlet spin symmetry, even though the density-functional solutions do not. For these broken-symmetry solutions, the UHF atomization energies become 17, 220, and 141 kcalymol, respectively, and the mean absolute error of all the UHF atomization energies becomes 69.8 kcalymol. The PBE correlation energy of the two-electron ions of nuclear charge Z ! ` should be corrected to 20.0479 hartree, consistent with the PBE value v ­ 0.046644 stated in the Letter. The quoted value 20.0482 hartree was obtained from the more refined v ­ 0.046920 of G. G. Hoffman, Phys. Rev. B 45, 8730 (1992). Reference [6] should have been “A. C. Scheiner, J. Baker, and J. W. Andzelm, J. Comput. Chem. (to be published)”.
Earth radiation budgets in IPCC AR4 GCMs

Substantial uncertainty still exists regarding the distribution of radiative energy within the global climate system, and its representation in General Circulation Models. Compared to a comprehensive set of surface observations, the majority of the GCMs participating in the latest IPCC forth assessment report (AR4) overestimate the surface insolation, by 6 Wm-2 on average, while the bias is smaller at the TOA (Wild 2008). This is in line with an analysis of 20 earlier GCMs participating in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project AMIP II and suggests that the GCM atmospheres are still overly transparent for solar radiation (Wild 2005). Based on observational clear-sky climatologies at worldwide distributed anchor sites from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) and the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) it is shown, that the surface insolation is also overestimated under cloud-free conditions in many GCMs with comparatively low atmospheric clear-sky solar absorption (around 60 Wm-2 in the global mean) (Wild et al. 2006). This identifies an overly transparent cloud-free atmosphere as a key error source for the long known problem of excessive surface insolation in GCMs. However, there are now several models participating in IPCC-AR4 with higher atmospheric clear-sky absorption (70 Wm-2 and up, globally averaged) and more realistic aerosol treatment, which are in excellent agreement with the observational clear-sky climatologies. This underlines the progress made in radiative transfer modeling as well as in the observation and diagnosis of solar radiation under cloudless atmospheres (Wild 2008). The most difficult component to model in the longwave is the downward longwave flux at the surface. Accordingly, large discrepancies exist in the global means of this component in the GCMs, both under all sky and clear sky conditions. A comparison with available observations from GEBA and BSRN suggests that the IPCC AR4 GCMs tend to underestimate the longwave downward flux (Wild et al. 2001, Wild 2008).
Understanding Changes in Land and Forest Resource Management Systems: Ratanakiri, Cambodia( Land Use Changes in the Uplands of Southeast Asia:Proximate and Distant Causes)

This paper draws on case studies from three communities in Ratanakiri to illustrate both the forces driving land-use and tenure change as well as how effective community stewardship can guide agricultural transitions. The study combines a time series of remotely sensed data from 1989 to 2006 to evaluate changes in land use, and relates this data to in-depth ground truth observations and social research from three villages. The methodology was designed to evaluate how indigenous communities who had historically managed forest lands as communal resources, are responding to market forces and pressures from land speculators. Krala Village received support from local non-government organizations (NGOs) to strengthen community, map its land, demarcate boundaries, strengthen resource use regulations, and develop land-use plans. The two other villages, Leu Khun and Tuy, each received successively less support from outside organizations for purposes of resource mapping and virtually no support for institutional strengthening. The remote sensing data indicates that in Krala, over the 16 year study period, protected forest areas remained virtually intact, while total forest cover declined at an annual rate of only 0.86% whereas in Leu Khun and Tuy the annual rates were 1.63 and 4.88% respectively.