Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An achievable rate region for the broadcast wiretap channel with asymmetric side information

The communication scenario under consideration in this paper corresponds to a multiuser channel with side information and consists of a broadcast channel with two legitimate receivers and an eavesdropper. Mainly, the results obtained are as follows. First, an achievable rate region is provided for the (general) case of discrete-input discrete-output channels, generalizing existing results. Second, the obtained theorem is used to derive achievable transmission rates for two practical cases of Gaussian channels. It is shown that known perturbations can enlarge the rate region of broadcast wiretap channels with side information and having side information at the decoder as well can increase the secrecy rate of channels with side information. Third, we establish for the first time an explicit connection between multiuser channels and observation structures in dynamic games. In this respect, we show how to exploit the proved achievability theorem (discrete case) to derive a communication-compatible upper bound on the minmax level of a player.
The distinct roles of Ras and Rac in PI 3-kinase-dependent protrusion during EGF-stimulated cell migration

Cell migration involves the localized extension of actin-rich protrusions, a process that requires Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases). Both Rac and Ras have been shown to regulate actin polymerization and activate PI 3-kinase. However, the coordination of Rac, Ras and PI 3-kinase activation during epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated protrusion has not been analyzed. We examined PI 3-kinase-dependent protrusion in MTLn3 rat adenocarcinoma cells. EGF-stimulated phosphatidyl-inositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] levels showed a rapid and persistent response, as PI 3-kinase activity remained elevated up to 3 minutes. The activation kinetics of Ras, but not Rac, coincided with those of leading-edge PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 production. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of K-Ras but not Rac1 abolished PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 production at the leading edge and inhibited EGF-stimulated protrusion. However, Rac1 knockdown did inhibit cell migration, because of the inhibition of focal adhesion formation in Rac1 siRNA-treated cells. Our data show that in EGF-stimulated MTLn3 carcinoma cells, Ras is required for both PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 production and lamellipod extension, whereas Rac1 is required for formation of adhesive structures. These data suggest an unappreciated role for Ras during protrusion, and a crucial role for Rac in the stabilization of protrusions required for cell motility.
Subtle but variable conformational rearrangements in the replication cycle of Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) may accommodate lesion bypass

The possible conformational changes of DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) before and after the nucleotidyl‐transfer reaction are investigated at the atomic level by dynamics simulations to gain insight into the mechanism of low‐fidelity polymerases and identify slow and possibly critical steps. The absence of significant conformational changes in Dpo4 before chemistry when the incoming nucleotide is removed supports the notion that the “induced‐fit” mechanism employed to interpret fidelity in some replicative and repair DNA polymerases does not exist in Dpo4. However, significant correlated movements in the little finger and finger domains, as well as DNA sliding and subtle catalytic‐residue rearrangements, occur after the chemical reaction when both active‐site metal ions are released. Subsequently, Dpo4's little finger grips the DNA through two arginine residues and pushes it forward. These metal ion correlated movements may define subtle, and possibly characteristic, conformational adjustments that operate in some Y‐family polymerase members in lieu of the prominent subdomain motions required for catalytic cycling in other DNA polymerases like polymerase β. Such subtle changes do not easily provide a tight fit for correct incoming substrates as in higher‐fidelity polymerases, but introduce in low‐fidelity polymerases different fidelity checks as well as the variable conformational‐mobility potential required to bypass different lesions.
Antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of Scoparia dulcis in alloxan induced albino mice

Herbal drugs are frequently considered to be less toxic and also free from side effects, than synthetic ones. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant principle of the ethanolic extract of Scoparia dulcis (EESD) for its antidiabetic and antioxidant potential against alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Hypoglycemic effect was evaluated in normal and alloxan induced diabetic mice The oral administration of plant extract at a dose of 100 & 200 mg/kg body weight were given to fasting glucose loaded (200 mg/kg body weight) mice with regard to normal control during 3 hr. study period and in alloxan-induced (150 mg/kg body weight) diabetic mice in comparison with reference drug, Metformin (600μg/kg) during 2 weeks study period. Considerable fall in elevated blood glucose level was observed in the normoglycemic (p<0.05) and alloxan induced diabetic (p<0.001) mice. The extract, at a dose of 100 & 200 mg/kg body weight showed glucose level reduction of 31.87% & 46.97% respectively in alloxaninduced diabetic mice while 50.74% was found for Metformin after 2 weeks. The antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of plant was assessed by DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl, 2- picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay at 517 nm and total antioxidant capacity by phosphomolybdenum method at 695 nm.The extract showed petite free radical scavenging capacity (IC50 value 243.82 μg/ml for plant extract and 58.92 μg/ml for Ascorbic acid) and moderate total antioxidant capacity compared with Ascorbic acid. These results demonstrate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts of Scoparia dulcis and suggests that the plant may have therapeutic value in diabetes and related complications.
Label-Efﬁcient Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation with Unsupervised Meta-Training

The goal of this paper is to alleviate the training cost for few-shot semantic segmentation (FSS) models. Despite that FSS in nature improves model generalization to new concepts using only a handful of test exemplars, it relies on strong supervision from a considerable amount of labeled training data for base classes. However, collecting pixel-level annotations is notoriously expensive and time-consuming, and small-scale training datasets convey low information density that limits test-time generalization. To resolve the issue, we take a pioneering step towards label-efﬁcient training of FSS models from fully unlabeled training data, or additionally a few labeled samples to enhance the performance. This motivates an approach based on a novel unsupervised meta-training paradigm. In particular, the approach ﬁrst distills pre-trained unsupervised pixel embedding into compact semantic clusters from which a massive number of pseudo meta-tasks is constructed. To mitigate the noise in the pseudo meta-tasks, we further advocate a robust Transformer-based FSS model with a novel prototype-based cross-attention design. Extensive experiments have been conducted on two standard benchmarks, i.e . , PASCAL-5 i and COCO-20 i , and the results show that our method produces impressive performance without any annotations, and is comparable to fully supervised competitors even using only 20% of the annotations. Our code is available at: https://github.com/SSSKYue/UMTFSS.
Centrin diversity and basal body patterning across evolution: new insights from Paramecium

ABSTRACT First discovered in unicellular eukaryotes, centrins play crucial roles in basal body duplication and anchoring mechanisms. While the evolutionary status of the founding members of the family, Centrin2/Vfl2 and Centrin3/cdc31 has long been investigated, the evolutionary origin of other members of the family has received less attention. Using a phylogeny of ciliate centrins, we identify two other centrin families, the ciliary centrins and the centrins present in the contractile filaments (ICL centrins). In this paper, we carry on the functional analysis of still not well-known centrins, the ICL1e subfamily identified in Paramecium, and show their requirement for correct basal body anchoring through interactions with Centrin2 and Centrin3. Using Paramecium as well as a eukaryote-wide sampling of centrins from completely sequenced genomes, we revisited the evolutionary story of centrins. Their phylogeny shows that the centrins associated with the ciliate contractile filaments are widespread in eukaryotic lineages and could be as ancient as Centrin2 and Centrin3. Summary: Functional and phylogenetic analyses reveal the existence of five centrin families and show that basal body patterning in Paramecium requires a third centrin present in many eukaryote lineages.
Delegation, Arbitration and High-Level Service Discovery as Key Elements of a Software Infrastructure for Pervasive Computing

AbstractThe dream of pervasive computing is slowly becoming a reality. A number of projects around theworld are constantly contributing ideas and solutions that are bound to change the way we interactwith our environments and with one another. An essential component of the future is a softwareinfrastructure that is capable of supporting interactions on scales ranging from a single physicalspace to intercontinental collaborations. Such infrastructure must help applications adapt to verydiverse environments and must protect people’s privacy and respect their personal preferences. Inthis paper we indicate a number of limitations present in the software infrastructures proposed sofar (including our previous work). We then describe the framework for building an infrastructurethat satisﬁes the abovementioned criteria. This framework hinges on the concepts of delegation,arbitration and high-level service discovery. Components of our own implementation of such aninfrastructure are presented.This work was supported by Acer Inc., Delta Electronics Inc., HP Corp., NTT Inc., NokiaResearch Center, and Philips Research under the MIT Project Oxygen partnership and by DARPAthrough the Oﬃce of Naval Research under contract number N66001-99-2-891702.
Phytochemical Analysis and Speciﬁc Activities of Bark and Flower Extracts from Four Magnolia Plant Species

: This study rigorously investigates the bioactive properties and characteristics of extracts derived from the ﬂowers and bark of four distinct Magnolia species: Magnolia champaca , Magnolia denudata , Magnolia grandiﬂora and Magnolia ofﬁcinalis . The primary objective is to evaluate the potential application of these extracts in cosmetics and other relevant industries. We used ethanol to extract compounds from these plants and conducted various tests, including spectrophotometry, HPLC, GC-MS, and microbiological analyses. The extracts, particularly rich in polyphenols (55.18 mg GAE/g), displayed signiﬁcant antioxidant capabilities, with IC 50 values ranging between 9.99 mg/mL and 23.23 mg/mL. We quantiﬁed different compounds: phenolic acids (6.259 to 27.883 mg/g dry weight), aglycone ﬂavonoids (61.224 to 135.788 mg/g dw), glycosidic ﬂavonoids (17.265 to 57.961 mg/g dw), and lignans (150.071 to 374.902 mg/g dw). We identiﬁed 76 volatile compounds, predominantly oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, which contribute to the antibacterial effectiveness of the extracts. These extracts showed greater inhibitory potential against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria. The diverse chemical compounds and their demonstrated activities suggest these extracts could be valuable in the cosmetics industry, pharmaceutical industry, or other industries.
Research on A Global Path-Planning Algorithm for Unmanned Arial Vehicle Swarm in Three-Dimensional Space Based on Theta*–Artificial Potential Field Method

The current challenge in drone swarm technology is three-dimensional path planning and adaptive formation changes. The traditional A* algorithm has limitations, such as low efficiency, difficulty in handling obstacles, and numerous turning points, which make it unsuitable for complex three-dimensional environments. Additionally, the robustness of drone formations under the leader–follower mode is low, and effectively handling obstacles within the environment is challenging. To address these issues, this study proposes a virtual leader mode for drone formation flight and introduces a new Theta*–APF method for three-dimensional space drone swarm path planning. This algorithm optimizes the A* algorithm by transforming it into an omnidirectional forward Theta* algorithm. It also enhances the heuristic function by incorporating artificial potential field methods in a three-dimensional environment. Formation organization and control of UAVs is achieved using speed-control modes. Compared to the conventional A* algorithm, the Theta*–APF algorithm reduces the search time by about 60% and the trip length by 10%, in addition to the safer flight of the UAV formation, which is subject to artificial potential field repulsion by about 42%.
Storage Estimation for Multidimensional Aggregates in the Presence of Hierarchies

To speed up multidimensional data analysis, database systems frequently precompute aggregates on some subsets of dimensions and their corresponding hierarchies. This improves query response time. However, the decision of what and how much to precompute is a difficult one. It is further complicated by the fact that precomputation in the presence of hierarchies can result in an unintuitively large increase in the amount of storage required by the database. Hence, it is interesting and useful to estimate the storage blowup that will result from a proposed set of precomputations without actually computing them. We propose three strategies for this problem: one based on sampling, one based on mathematical approximation, and one based on probabilistic counting. We investigate the accuracy of these algorithms in estimating the blowup for different data distributions and database schemas. The algorithm based upon probabilistic counting is particularly attractive, since it estimates the storage blowup to within provable error bounds while performing only a single scan of the data. *Work supported by an IBM CAS Fellowship, NSF grant IRI9157357, and a grant from IBM under the University Partnership Program. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the VLDB copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying 1:s by permission of the Very Large Data Base Endowm.ent. To copy otherwise, 01‘ to republish, requires a fee and/or special permission j~orn the En.do? ument. Proceedings of the 22nd VLDB Conference Mumbai(Bombay), India, 1996
Tradeoff between performance improvement and energy saving in mobile cloud offloading systems

Cloud computation offloading is a promising method that sending heavy computation to resourceful servers on cloud and then receiving the results from them. In this paper, we study the offloading techniques and further explore the tradeoff between shortening execution time and extending battery life of mobile devices. A novel adaptive offloading scheme is proposed and analyzed based on the tradeoff analysis. And it can be realized thanks to the elasticity of cloud computing that the resources can be bought on demand. We have tried to find a server on cloud with a critical value of speedup F for a specified mobile device. When satisfying the requirement such as performance improvement by the system, it is worth sacrificing large F when taking economic factor into consideration.
CorreLogo: an online server for 3D sequence logos of RNA and DNA alignments

We present an online server that generates a 3D representation of properties of user-submitted RNA or DNA alignments. The visualized properties are information of single alignment columns, mutual information of two alignment positions as well as the position-specific fraction of gaps. The nucleotide composition of both single columns and column pairs is visualized with the help of color-coded 3D bars labeled with letters. The server generates both VRML and JVX output that can be viewed with a VRML viewer or the JavaView applet, respectively. We show that combining these different features of an alignment into one 3D representation is helpful in identifying correlations between bases and potential RNA and DNA base pairs. Significant known correlations between the tRNA 3′ anticodon cardinal nucleotide and the extended anticodon were observed, as were correlations within the amino acid acceptor stem and between the cardinal nucleotide and the acceptor stem. The online server can be accessed using the URL .
Time-domain ptychography, reconstructing temporal objects

Ptychography [1], a lens-less imaging technique which reconstructs the spatial phase from measured diffraction patterns, has recently been migrated to the time domain [2]. Time-domain ptychography requires recording several spectral measurements, each with a different relative time delay, of the product of two electrical fields where the one electrical field is seen as a temporal object and the other a temporal probe. Time domain ptychography allows a wide range of temporal objects to be reconstructed with a very versatile range of probe functions. There are at present three reconstruction algorithms which can be used depending on the temporal probe function used. These are variants on the ptychographic iterative engine (PIE) [3]. First we have shown that one can apply ptychography in the time domain by migrating the PIE algorithm to a one dimensional space. For standard time-domain ptychography the requirement is that the probe pulse is known. We then migrated the extended PIE (ePIE) algorithm [4] to the time domain and it was demonstrated with an experiment in the attosecond regime [5]. We also showed that if one has some intrinsic knowledge about the probe, as is the case when the probe is derived from the temporal object by application of a known transfer function, the temporal object can be reconstructed. For this case we developed the intrinsic PIE (iPIE) algorithm [6] and showed that one can use it in order to do pulse characterization.
A Twenty-First Century Cancer Epidemic Caused by Obesity: The Involvement of Insulin, Diabetes, and Insulin-Like Growth Factors

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the developed world. The progression from obesity to diabetes mellitus type 2, via metabolic syndrome, is recognised, and the significant associated increase in the risk of major human cancers acknowledged. We review the molecular basis of the involvement of morbidly high concentrations of endogenous or therapeutic insulin and of insulin-like growth factors in the progression from obesity to diabetes and finally to cancer. Epidemiological and biochemical studies establish the role of insulin and hyperinsulinaemia in cancer risk and progression. Insulin-like growth factors, IGF-1 and IGF-2, secreted by visceral or mammary adipose tissue have significant paracrine and endocrine effects. These effects can be exacerbated by increased steroid hormone production. Structural studies elucidate how each of the three ligands, insulin, IGF-1, and IGF-2, interacts differently with isoforms A and B of the insulin receptor and with type I IGF receptor and explain how these protagonists contribute to diabetes-associated cancer. The above should inform appropriate treatment of cancers that arise in obese individuals and in those with diabetes mellitus type 2. Novel drugs that target the insulin and insulin-like growth factor signal transduction pathways are in clinical trial and should be effective if appropriate biomarker-informed patient stratification is implemented.
Augmenting collaborative recommender by fusing explicit social relationships

Nowadays social websites have become a major trend in the Web 2.0 environment, enabling abundant social data available. In this paper, we explore the role of two types of social relationships: membership and friendship, while being fused with traditional CF (Collaborative Filtering) recommender methods in order to more accurately predict users’ interests and produce recommendations to them. Through an exploratory evaluation with real-life dataset from Last.fm, we have revealed respective effects of the two explicit relationships and furthermore their combinative impacts. In addition, the fusion is conducted via random walk graph model in comparison with via weighted neighborhood similarity matrix, so as to identify the best performance platform. Indepth analysis on the experimental data particularly shows the significant improvement by up to 8% on recommendation accuracy, by embedding social relationships in CF via graph model.
Benefits of Network Coding in Disruption Tolerant Networks

: In this report, we investigate the beneﬁts of applying a form of network coding known as Random Linear Coding (RLC) to unicast communications in mobile Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs). Under RLC, DTN nodes store and forward random linear combinations of packets as they encounter other DTN nodes. We ﬁrst consider RLC applied to a single block of K packets where (a) all K packets have the same source and destination, (b) the K packets have diﬀerent sources but a common destination and (c) the K packets each have a diﬀerent source/destination pair; we also consider the case where blocks of K packets arrive according to a Poisson bulk arrival process. The performance metric of interest is the delay until the last packet in a block is delivered. We show that for the single block case, when bandwidth is constrained, applying RLC over packets destined to the same node achieves (with high probability) the minimum delay to deliver the block of data. We ﬁnd through simulation that the beneﬁt over non-network-coded packet forwarding increases further when buﬀer space within DTN nodes is limited. For the case of multiple blocks, our simulations show that RLC oﬀers only slight improvement over the non-coded scenario when only bandwidth is constrained, but more signiﬁcant beneﬁts when both bandwidth and buﬀers are constrained. We remark that when the network is relatively loaded, the RLC scheme achieves improvements over non-coded schemes only if the spreading of the information is appropriately controlled.
Association of Antioxidant Enzymes and MDA level in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients in Indore Region of Madhya Pradesh

Diabetic Nephropathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes, representing the leading cause of end stage renal disease in the world, and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetic subjects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant enzymes on Diabetic Nephropathy patients. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, Malondialdehyde (MDA), fasting blood sugar, serum urea, serum creatinine and serum uric acid were assayed in 160 subjects In which 71 Diabetic Nephropathy patients, 36 Nephropathy patients without diabetes and 53 healthy control. In our study, we found statistical significantly decrease SOD, Catalase level and increase production of MDA in DM-CKD and also found deranged renal function. Reduced activity of serum antioxidant enzymes and increased level of MDA were observed in Diabetic Nephropathy patients compare to healthy control.