Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF BACILLUS SPECIES IN CONTROL OF MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA (TREUB) CHITWOOD ON COWPEA AND MASH BEAN

Application of Bacillus spp. , significantly reduced hatching of larvae of Meloidogyne javanica root knot whereas mortality of larvae was significantly increased with the increase in time. Germination of seeds of cow pea and mash bean and growth parameters in terms of shoot length, root length, shoot weight and root weight significantly increased in treated seed and soil with all the species of Bacillus as compared to control. Maximum inhibition of knots was observed in cowpea as compared to mung bean. Of the different species of Bacillus used, B. subtilis showed maximum inhibition of knots.
Characterisation and cross-species transferability of microsatellites in the common fig (Ficus carica L.)

Summary In this work, 26 polymorphic microsatellites have been developed from a genomic library of fig (Ficus carica L., Moraceae, cv. ‘Cuello de Dama Blanco’) enriched for CT/AG repeats. The microsatellite enrichment procedure was highly successful, since over 60% of the clones sequenced contained microsatellite sequences. Microsatellite polymorphism was evaluated in a sample of 15 fig cultivars representative of different geographical areas. A total of 79 fragments were amplified, with an average of three fragments per SSR. The mean expected and observed heterozygosities over the 25 single-locus microsatellites averaged 0.42 (range of 0.12–0.77) and 0.47 (range of 0.13–0.93), respectively. The total value for the probability of identity was 2.81 × 10–8. Eleven different patterns were obtained, allowing unambiguous identification of nine fig cultivars.The low values of variability, and the absence of clear groups in the genotypes studied indicate a narrow genetic base in cultivated common fig. The selected SSRs were also used to amplify DNA from 13 Ficus and two Morus species illustrating the high transferability of the microsatellites studied.
Amorphophallus: New insights into pollen morphology and the chemical nature of the pollen wall

Abstract In pollen characters, Amorphophallus is one of the most diverse genera in the Araceae. The present work is a critical survey of contradicting reports on the impact of acetolysis treatment on Amorphophallus pollen, on the chemical nature of the outer pollen wall layer and of electron-dense (dark) granules found within it. Furthermore, we wanted to clarify the pollen polarity and to test conclusions based on different preparation techniques. Pollen morphology of 25 species is investigated by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Our results show that Amorphophallus pollen is not resistant to acetolysis treatment. The use of different transmission electron microscopy staining methods proved the polysaccharide nature of the outer pollen wall layer and of the granules within it. Moreover, an additional thin surface layer was found in all investigated species. Microspores in early and late tetrad stages show that the less convex side of the microspore is the proximal face and the more convex side the distal face. The extrusion of pollen in strands is illustrated for the first time by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, observations of pollen in water showed that in some of the investigated species the pollen wall is shed immediately before pollen tube formation.
INFLUENCE OF FARMING PRACTICE ON THE ECOLOGY OF THE BROWN HARE (LEPUS EUROPAEUS)

(1) The movements of individual hares were studied by radio-tracking on a mixed arable farm, and hare numbers were compared with farming patterns at nine farmland sites in different parts of England. (2) Hares preferred to feed on short crops and their preference for cereals declined as crops developed beyond the tillering stages. Pastures were important feeding areas throughout the year. (3) Hares often fed at night in a different area from the place where they sheltered during the day. Consequently, some hares moved between habitats daily. (4) Woodlands and hedges were widely used as sheltering areas. (5) Hares shifted their activities between fields according to crop development. (6) The sizes and shapes of home ranges suggest that hares exploit those parts of the farm where there is easy access to a variety of crops. (7) Hare numbers in autumn were positively associated with landscape diversity between study areas. (8) Available data suggest that hare numbers have declined on farms where the landscape has been simplified by field enlargement and block farming.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF BATS IN DIFFERENT AGES OF DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS

I examined the distribution of activity of bats in different-age Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands in the Pacific Northwest. Bat activity was higher (P 300 m elevation in the Washington Cascades, but were common at elevations >300 m in the Oregon Coast Range. Reductions in old-growth forests may have a more severe impact on populations of breeding bats in the Oregon Coast Range than in the Washington Cascades.
Prepubertal to postpubertal development of testes in Wistar rats: a histological and morphometric study

Introduction Infertility is becoming a major human health problem that can occur at any stage in life. Communication between germ cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells varies at different periods, which reflects their functional status. Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the quantitative histomorphometric changes in the testes of prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal Wistar rats, which would (a) help in understanding the behavior of cells, (b) help in understanding the correlation with infertility, and (c) be beneficial during drug study requiring the targeting specific cells. Materials and methods Thirty-six male Wistar rats, 12 from each period – that is, prepubertal (30 days, 35–45 g body weight), pubertal (60 days, 85–100 g body weight), and postpubertal period (90 days, 135–150 g body weight) – were anesthetized under light ether anesthesia; their testes were excised, trimmed off of extraneous tissues, weighed, processed for histological, morphometric, and cell quantification studies, and statistically analyzed. Results The testes from the prepubertal period comprised actively dividing spermatogonia, spermatocytes, round spermatids, Leydig cells, and Sertoli cells. Their numbers were significant (P<0.05) in the postpubertal period compared with the prepubertal period. During the pubertal and postpubertal periods, Golgi-phase, Cap-phase, and acrosome-phase spermatids and abundant spermatozoa were distinct, with significant (P<0.05) level in the postpubertal period. This was supported by significant increase in seminiferous tubular and Leydig cell nuclear diameters and Leydig cell nuclear volume from the prepubertal to the postpubertal period. A concomitant increase in number (Abercrombie’s method, per unit length and per unit volume) of type A and type B spermatogonia, spermatocytes (leptotene, zygotene, and pachytene), spermatids (round spermatids, Golgi-phase, Cap-phase, and acrosome-phase), Sertoli (Abercrombie’s method), and Leydig (Abercrombie’s method and per unit volume) cells were observed. The decrease was significant in Sertoli cells on comparison between pubertal and postpubertal periods. Conclusion This study revealed profound increase in the number of germ and Leydig cells and decline of Sertoli cells in the postpubertal period on comparison with prepubertal and pubertal periods.
Camellia luteopallida (Theaceae), a New Species from Vietnam

Camellia luteopallida Luong, T.Q. T. Nguyen & Luu (Theaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Central Highlands, southern Vietnam. It is morphologically distinct in having a distinctly pale yellow corolla with basally light orange tinted petals, terminal, solitary (rarely 2) and upright flowers, spirally arranged and densely hairy perules and petals, 3 densely hairy connate styles, and a 3-carpellate and glabrous ovary. Morphological data suggest its placement in sect. Dalatia.
Use of Virtual Reality to Reduce Anxiety and Pain of Adults Undergoing Outpatient Procedures

(1) Background: Research has demonstrated that virtual reality (VR) has reduced pain and anxiety for patients undergoing health procedures. The aim of this quality improvement project was to implement and evaluate immersive VR as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce pain and anxiety in those adults undergoing outpatient procedures under monitored anesthesia care. (2) Methods: This quality improvement project incorporated the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model and employed a pre/post-implementation evaluation. Seven patients used VR during outpatient surgeries. Pain and anxiety scores were evaluated. (3) Results: Patients using VR exhibited lower pain and anxiety scores post-procedure compared to pre-procedure. Both patients and providers indicated high satisfaction with the VR experience. (4) Conclusions: This quality improvement project demonstrated the successful translation of research into practice. VR is a novel intervention that can reduce both pain and anxiety to improve the patient’s perioperative experience.
The states of decay of woody litter determined by relative density

Relative density (RD, g cm-3), based on dry weight samples, is used as an estimate of the extent of decay of woody litter. RD is critically evaluated. It is concluded that RD may be reproduced in a reasonably accurate way and the precision of RD may not show pronounced dependency of the degree of decay. Comparisons of RD may only be done in relation to the diameter of woody litter. A significant correlation between weight loss and RD exists, being linear if weight loss only includes losses due to leaching and decomposition. An analysis of the decay states of the various dead wood compartments shows that the mean weight loss of the attached dead wood and the soil surface dead wood compartment are 18% and 43%, respectively. A considerable weight loss prior to wood litter fall is observed and wood fall data given earlier are corrected. It is suggested that a knowledge of the decay states by RD makes it possible to predict the presence and diversity of organisms inhabiting the dead wood habitat.
Water use efficiency of sunflower genotypes under drip irrigation

This investigation was conducted to determine the productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) for new sunflower genotypes obtained from selfing and induced mutation. Ten sunflower genotypes were evaluated under drip irrigation using two treatments of irrigation (100 and 75% from water requirement of sunflower). Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences among genotypes, as well as between irrigation treatments and the interaction between them. Results indicate that decreasing the amount of irrigation water from 1500 to 1130 (mm/ha) significantly reduced all studied traits. Mutation (M2,1-63) surpassed all the other genotypes in seed yield and WUE. Lines which gave the highest yield of the seed have WUE under drought conditions higher than WUE under normal irrigation. The lowest depression in seed yield due to drought conditions compared to the seed yield under normal irrigation has been registered for Line 20, Line M2,1-63, and Sakha 53 genotypes (11, 18, and 16%, respectively), but the highest depression recorded for Line 48, Line M2,3-63, and Line M2,4-63 (49, 46, and 43%, respectively). The genotypes (Line 20, Line M2,1-63 and Sakha 53) are more tolerant to drought than others and we can used its in breeding program to develop sunflower hybrids suitable for cultivation under drought condition. Key words: Sunflower genotypes, water use efficiency, mutation, inbred lines.
Effect of Tongxinluo on H9c2 Cardiomyocytes Hypertrophy and Expression of Connexin43 mRNA Induced by Isoproterenol

Objective:To investigate the effects of Tongxinluo(TXL) on hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiomyocytes and connexin 43 mRNA expression induced by isoproterenol(Iso). Method: Cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into four groups: control group,TXL group,Iso group,and Iso+TXL group.After 72 hours of culture,cell size was determined by phase contrast microscope,the protein concentrations were measured by BCA method and the expression of Cx43 mRNA were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Result: Cell size of H9c2 cardiomyocytes of the Iso group(P0.05) was increased more prominently than the control group.Compared with Iso group,Tongxinluo attenuated the increase of cardiomyocytes size(P0.05). H9c2 cardiomyocytes protein concentrations in the Iso group(P0.05) was increased more significantly than the control group.Although Tongxinluo didn't affect the normal H9c2 cardiomyocytes protein concentration,it inhibited the increase of protein concentrations induced by Iso(P0.05). Iso decreased Cx43 mRNA expression of H9c2 cardiomyocytes more evidently than that of the control group(P0.05),which was inhibited by Tongxinluo(P0.05). Conclusion: Tongxinluo can prevent the hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiomyocytes and down-regulate of Cx43 mRNA expression induced by Iso.
ON DEMOCRACY

: Democracy is valuable and vulnerable, which is reason enough to remain alert for new developments that can undermine her. In recent months, we have seen enough examples of the growing impact of personal data in campaigns and elections. It is important and urgent for us to publicly debate this development. At the same time, we need to stay cool-headed. New technologies have a huge impact, but human nature will not suddenly change due to ‘big data’ and its use. Disclaimer: This guest essay in the Special issue on political micro-targeting has not been peer reviewed . It is an abbreviated version of a speech delivered by the Member of the European Partiament (MEP) Sophie in ‘t Veld in Amsterdam in May 2017 to Data & Democracy, a conference on political micro-targeting.
Plant performance and soil nitrogen mineralization in response to simulated climate change in subarctic dwarf shrub heath

To simulate a future, warmer climate, we subjected subarctic dwarf shrub heath to 5°C direct soil warming for five consecutive growing seasons (1993-1997). Supplemental air warming treatments were imposed on warmed soil by plastic tents in 1994 and open-top chambers in 1995. Plant responses to warming were assessed by changes in: 1) shrub phenology, 2) current-year aboveground biomass in the dominant shrubs (Empetrum hermaphroditum. Vaccinium myrtillus, V. uliginosum and V. ritis-idaca), and 3) vascular and nonvascular plant cover. We estimated warming effects on soil nitrogen (N) availability by in situ buried bag incubation of soils. Soil warming stimulated soil N cycling and shrub growth and development in the short term (2.3 yr). In the second year, net N mineralization rates doubled in warmed soil (4.3 kg N ha -1 season -1 in untreated soil vs 9.2 kg ha -1 scason -1 ). Greater N availability likely contributed to the observed 62% increase in current-year growth of V. myrtillus. the dominant deciduous shrub. In the third year, soil and air warming increased shoot production by > 80% in the evergreen shrubs V. vitis-idaea and E. hermaphroditum. Soil warming had no detectable effects on plant growth or soil N cycling in the fifth year, suggesting that the long-term response may be less dramatic than short-term changes Past fertilization studies in arctic and subarctic tundra reported an increase in the abundance of graminoids. Despite enhanced soil N mineralization in the second year, we found that warming had little effect on plant community composition after five years Even in an extreme climate warming scenario, it appears that subarctic soils mineralize an order of magnitude less N than was applied in fertilization experiments. High-dose fertilization studies provide insight into controls on plant communities but do not accurately simulate increases in N availability predicted for a warmer climate.
PATHOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

insulin. The following is taken verbatim as an example: "Today the general practitioner can start his patient upon diet and (PI) at the first visit, confident that reactions will not result during the following twenty-four hours. By return visits, daily, then every other day, later two times a week, and soon once a week, once in two weeks, and eventually once a month or even less often, he can easily, safely and efficiently treat his case, and at the same time avoid prolonged single seances for instruction which rob him of his time and overwhelm the patient with what he does not know. PZI par excellence is the family-doctor % type of insulin. " It is obvious, therefore, that, except for the statement of the fact that in the treatment of diabetes there is now available a more effective form of insulin, this chapter serves no purpose. Aside from this one chapter, however, as with previous editions, no medical library in the English language can be, said to be complete without this authoritative work.
Response of Strawberries to Soil and Foliar Fertilizer Rates

A3 × 3 factorial study of soil and foliar-applied N, P, and K fertilizer was conducted on ‘Dover’ and ‘Tufts’ strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) using the annual hill cultural system. Rates of soil-applied fertilizer were: a) 0, b) 112N-12P-93K, and c) 224N-24P-186K (kg·ha−1). Rates of weekly foliar fertilizer applications were a) 0, b) 1.20N–0.54P–1.02K, and c) 2.40N–1.08P-2.04K (kg·ha−1). Increasing rates of soil-applied fertilizer increased fruit yields, fruit number, foliar N and K, plant size, and foliage color. Rates of foliar N, P, and K had much less effect than soil-applied fertilizer. The greatest plant response to foliar fertilization was with inadequate rates of soil fertilizer. Foliage damage was evident with foliar fertilization, and damage was greatest with the highest foliar rate.
Induction of gynogenetic diploids and cytological studies in Honmoroko Gnathopogon caurulescens

The production of gynogenetic diploids of honmoroko by cold-shock treatment with UV-ir-radiated nigorobuna sperm was examined. 2000 ? 10000ergs/mm2 was the optimum UV dose to genetically inactivate nigorobuna sperm which was diluted 100 times by physiological saline solution. The highest yield of gynogenetic diploids was produced after a 40 min duration of cold-shock (CS: 0 ? 0.3°C) treatment. When the eggs were incubated at 15.0, 20.0, and 25.4°C, the best times to start CS treatment were 12, 7, and 4.5 min after insemination, respectively. The hatching from the eggs CS treated (for a 40 min duration) between just after insemination and after 90 min peaked at 7, 12, 40, 70, and 90 min and showed periodical fluctuations. The yield of normal fry showed higher values when the CS treatment was started 3 ? 7 min after insemination, but there were low rates of normal fry hatched at times between 10 and 90 min. The egg showed the metaphase of the second maturation division at the time of insemination, and advanced to the anaphase by 5 to 7 min after insemination. The extrusion of the second polar body was observed 10 min after in-semination. The metaphase of the first cleavage and the prophase of the second cleavage were seen 40 and 60 min after insemination, respectively. These results suggest that CS treatment (0°C, for 40 min 3 ? 7 min after insemination) is a practical method for the induction of gynogenetic di-ploids in honmoroko, caused by prevention of the formation of the second polar body.
Anomaly Detection Approach Based on Deep Neural Network and Dropout

فيما يتعلق بأمان نظام الكمبيوتر، تعد أنظمة كشف التسلل هي من المكونات الأساسية لتمييز الهجمات في المرحلها المبكرة. حيث انها تراقب وتحلل محطات الشبكة، وتبحث عن سلوكيات غير طبيعية أو توقعات هجومية لكشفها في وقت مبكر. ومع ذلك، نشات العديد من التحديات أثناء تطوير انظمة الكشف من حيث كونه نظام مرن ونشط للهجمات غير المتوقعة. في هذه الرسالة ، نقترح مصنف متكون من الشبكة العصبية العميقة لتكوين نظام كشف الخروقات الشبكي. حيث ان هذا المصنف محسن باستخدام تقنية التسقيط الذي يعمل على تجاهل بعض الوحدات في الطبقات المخفية، مؤقتا في الشبكة العصبية العميقة في مرحلة التدريب، مما يؤدي إلى نتائج تصنيف جيدة بحيث يقلل على النموذج او المصنف من الوقوع في مشكلة (Overfitting). تحاول تقنية التسقيط إضافة ضوضاء معينة تسمى (ضوضاء برنولي) إلى مخرجات الوحدة المخفية عند تمريرها الامامي للبيانات في الشبكة، في مرحلة للتدريب. اذا كانت هذه الضوضاء أصفار فانها توقف او تثبط جزء من عدد الوحدات العصبية في الطبقة التي تتعرض للتعطيل، في حالة الشبكة العصبية تحوي على n من الوحدات المخفية، فان مجموع الشبكات العصبية الرقيقة المحتملة عددها . وهذه الشبكات العصبية الرقيقة تشترك في الاوزان. لذلك يتم تدريب عدد قليل من الشبكات الرقيقة ويحصلون على نموذج تدريب واحد فقط. في مرحلة الاختبار، تحسب شبكة المتوسط الهندسي لتنبؤات جميع الشبكات الرقيقة في وقت الاختبار. النتائج التجريبية اجريت على بيانات NSL_KDD. تم استخدام طبقة مخرجات (SoftMax) مع دالة فقدان الانتروبيا المتقاطعة لتمكين المصنف في التصنيفات المتعددة بما في ذلك خمس فئات، واحد طبيعي (Normal) والأربعة الأخرى هي هجمات (Dos وR2L و U2L وProbe ). استخدمت الدقة لتقييم أداء النموذج ووصلت دقة اداء المصنف الى 99.46%. يتم تقليل وقت الكشف في الغالب في مصنفات انظمة كشف الخروقات الشبكي باستخدام تقنية اختيار الصفة. حيث تم تحسين أداء نظام كشف التسلل في الكشف عن الهجمات بواسطة مصنف الشبكة العصبية العميقة وخوارزمية اختيار الصفة. وحققت دقة مقدارها 99.27٪.
Does the productivity of labour influence credit risk? New evidence from South Korea

We find a positive relation between the productivity of labor in period t and credit ratings in period t+1, suggesting that firms that use the least amount of input (labor) to achieve output (sales) are considered to have decreasing levels of default risk. After we divide our sample into investment grade and non-investment grade firm samples, the relation changes. We find a consistent relation for the investment grade sample. However, the relation is negative for the non-investment grade suggesting that market participants capture NIG firm's potential detrimental behavior.
An investigation into the problems of fresh fish marketing in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria.

The problems of fresh fish marketing in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State was examined. Primary Data were collected within a 12 months period via interview instruments – questionnaires and observations. Questionnaires amounting to 144 were randomly distributed to 2 wholesalers and 10 retailers from 3 identified markets with evidence of fish marketing activities in the four major towns in the study area. Reports from 126 respondents who returned their questionnaires show that cultured fish ponds are the most regular and reliable source of fresh fish in the area, though rivers/stream provided more fishes but supply was irregular and not reliable. Fresh fish was observed to be significantly (P < 0.05) more abundant in the dry season than in the rainy season. Results also show that seasonality, scarcity, means of preservation, poor means of transportation and the use of badly-shaped containers are the main problems of fresh fish marketing in the Local Government Area. The paper recommends the creation of enabling environment to encourage more people to go into aquaculture in order to beat the problem of seasonality in fish supply. Also, fish smokers should use cheaper alternative fuel for smoking unsold fish.