Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Autoregulation in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating stroke subtype with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. The poor clinical outcome can be attributed to the biphasic course of the disease: even if the patient survives the initial bleeding emergency, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) frequently follows within 2 weeks time and levies additional serious brain injury. Current therapeutic interventions do not specifically target the microvascular dysfunction underlying the ischemic event and as a consequence, provide only modest improvement in clinical outcome. SAH perturbs an extensive number of microvascular processes, including the “automated” control of cerebral perfusion, termed “cerebral autoregulation. ” Recent evidence suggests that disrupted cerebral autoregulation is an important aspect of SAH-induced brain injury. This review presents the key clinical aspects of cerebral autoregulation and its disruption in SAH: it provides a mechanistic overview of cerebral autoregulation, describes current clinical methods for measuring autoregulation in SAH patients and reviews current and emerging therapeutic options for SAH patients. Recent advancements should fuel optimism that microvascular dysfunction and cerebral autoregulation can be rectified in SAH patients.
Heat Stress and Feed Restriction Distinctly Affect Performance, Carcass and Meat Yield, Intestinal Integrity, and Inflammatory (Chemo)Cytokines in Broiler Chickens

This study was conducted to distinguish the effects of heat stress (HS) and feed intake (FI) on broiler chicken’s physiological responses. Day-old male Cobb 500 broilers (n = 672) were allocated to three treatments: (1) control (CTL): birds raised under normal temperature (23°C) from day 29 to 42; (2) cyclic heat stress (CHS): birds exposed to high temperatures (8 h/day at 35°C; from 9:30 am to 5:30 pm) from day 29 to 42; (3) pair-fed (PF): birds raised under thermoneutral condition but fed the same amount of feed as CHS from day 29 to 42. On day 42, 15 birds/pen were processed, to measure carcass and meat yields. To measure blood parameters and gut integrity (using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran), on day 42, CHS birds were sampled before (Pre-CHS) and 2 h after (Post-CHS) the temperature increased. Furthermore, after sampling CTL birds, they were exposed to 2h heat and sampled (acute heat stress, AHS). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (JMP Pro15) and significance between treatments identified by LSD (P < 0.05). BW and relative carcass yield were significantly higher in CTL compared to CHS and PF. Compared to CHS, PF had significantly higher BW and lower relative carcass yield. Breast yield was significantly higher for CTL and PF, while leg quarters and wings yield were significantly lower compared to CHS. Gut barrier integrity was significantly altered in Post-CHS and AHS compared to CTL. mRNA abundances of tumor necrosis factor-α, C-C motif chemokine ligand-20, heat shock protein (HSP)-27, and HSP70 were significantly higher in Post-CHS and AHS compared to CTL. AHS had significantly higher mRNA abundances of CARD domain containing (NLRC)-3 and NLRC5 inflammasomes, and lower superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 and SOD2 abundance compared with CTL. PF had significantly higher liver weight (% BW) compared to all other groups; while abdominal fat was significantly higher in Pre-CHS compared to CTL, PF, and AHS. Together, these data indicate that the negative effects of HS are partially due to reduced FI. However, the negative effect of HS on gut integrity, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and meat yield are direct and independent of the reduced FI during the HS. Thus, warrant investigating the underlying mechanisms in future research.
Machine Learning of Motion Statistics Reveals the Kinematic Signature of the Identity of a Person in Sign Language

Sign language (SL) motion contains information about the identity of a signer, as does voice for a speaker or gait for a walker. However, how such information is encoded in the movements of a person remains unclear. In the present study, a machine learning model was trained to extract the motion features allowing for the automatic identification of signers. A motion capture (mocap) system recorded six signers during the spontaneous production of French Sign Language (LSF) discourses. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to time-averaged statistics of the mocap data. A linear classifier then managed to identify the signers from a reduced set of principal components (PCs). The performance of the model was not affected when information about the size and shape of the signers were normalized. Posture normalization decreased the performance of the model, which nevertheless remained over five times superior to chance level. These findings demonstrate that the identity of a signer can be characterized by specific statistics of kinematic features, beyond information related to size, shape, and posture. This is a first step toward determining the motion descriptors necessary to account for the human ability to identify signers.
Bibliometric Review to Explore Emerging High-Intensity Interval Training in Health Promotion: A New Century Picture

Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an emerging exercise strategy and is considered to be a recipe for health promotion. This study aimed to systematically identify collaboration networks, track research trends, highlight current hotspots, and predict future frontiers in HIIT and its applications in health promotion since the start of the new century. Methods: Relevant original publications were obtained from the Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database between 2001 and 2020. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to perform bibliometric visualization and comparative analysis of involved indexes that included countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords. Results: A total of 572 papers were included, and the trend of annual publications showed a remarkable growth. The United States and the University of Exeter were the most productive country and institutions, respectively, with 107 and 18 publications, respectively. European Journal of Applied Physiology took the lead in the number of published articles, and Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise ranked first in the cocitation counts. Barker AR and Gibala MJ were considered as the most productive and the most highly-cited authors. Conclusions: “Health risks,” “adolescent,” and “aging” are the three noteworthy topics during the evolution of HIIT-health promotion (HIIT-HP) research. The current research hotspots of HIIT and its practices in the health promotion domain lies in “metabolic diseases,” “cardiovascular diseases,” “neurological diseases,” and “musculoskeletal diseases. ” The authors summarize that “prevention and rehabilitation,” “micro and molecular level,” and “cognition and mental health” are becoming frontiers and focus on the health topics related to HIIT in the upcoming years, which are worthy of further exploration.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA

Five compounds were isolated from the n-hexane and chloroform soluble fractions of a methanol extract of the stem bark of Erythrina variegata. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated as alpinum isoflavone (1), epilupeol (2), 6-hydroxygenistein (3), 3β, 28dihydroxyolean-12-ene (4) and stigmasterol (5) by extensive spectroscopic studies, including high field NMR analyses. Different partitionates of the methanol extract exhibited mild to moderate antimicrobial activity and varying degrees of cytotoxicity. Although, alpinum isoflavone (1) has previously been reported from E. variegata, this is the first report of isolation of compounds 2-4 and stigmasterol from this plant species.
Effects of Internal Fixation for Mid-Shaft Clavicle Fractures on Shoulder Kinematics During Humeral Elevations

Background Mid-shaft clavicle fractures account for 35 to 44% of injuries to the shoulder girdle. There is increasing evidence to support surgical repair, but poor functional outcomes have been reported, and associated factors remain unclear. Methods The three-dimensional poses of the shoulder bones during arm elevations were measured in 15 patients treated for mid-shaft clavicle fractures by open reduction and internal fixation, and in 15 healthy controls. Results and Conclusion No significant between-side differences were found in the clavicle length after surgery (p > 0.05). The patients showed increased scapular protraction at lower elevation angles and reduced scapular retraction at higher elevation angles during frontal-plane elevations, with significantly reduced clavicle retraction (p < 0.05), with unaltered scapular rotation and tilt. The ranges of the observed changes were reduced to arm elevations at 60° and 90° in the scapular and sagittal planes. Similar changes were also found on the unaffected side, suggesting symmetrical bilateral compensation. The results suggest that shoulder kinematics in multi-plane arm elevations should be monitored for any signs of compromised bone motions following surgical treatment, and that rehabilitative training may be needed on both sides to improve the bilateral movement control of the shoulder complex.
Multi-Omics Data Fusion for Cancer Molecular Subtyping Using Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis

It is now clear that major malignancies are heterogeneous diseases associated with diverse molecular properties and clinical outcomes, posing a great challenge for more individualized therapy. In the last decade, cancer molecular subtyping studies were mostly based on transcriptomic profiles, ignoring heterogeneity at other (epi-)genetic levels of gene regulation. Integrating multiple types of (epi)genomic data generates a more comprehensive landscape of biological processes, providing an opportunity to better dissect cancer heterogeneity. Here, we propose sparse canonical correlation analysis for cancer classification (SCCA-CC), which projects each type of single-omics data onto a unified space for data fusion, followed by clustering and classification analysis. Without loss of generality, as case studies, we integrated two types of omics data, mRNA and miRNA profiles, for molecular classification of ovarian cancer (n = 462), and breast cancer (n = 451). The two types of omics data were projected onto a unified space using SCCA, followed by data fusion to identify cancer subtypes. The subtypes we identified recapitulated subtypes previously recognized by other groups (all P- values < 0.001), but display more significant clinical associations. Especially in ovarian cancer, the four subtypes we identified were significantly associated with overall survival, while the taxonomy previously established by TCGA did not (P- values: 0.039 vs. 0.12). The multi-omics classifiers we established can not only classify individual types of data but also demonstrated higher accuracies on the fused data. Compared with iCluster, SCCA-CC demonstrated its superiority by identifying subtypes of higher coherence, clinical relevance, and time efficiency. In conclusion, we developed an integrated bioinformatic framework SCCA-CC for cancer molecular subtyping. Using two case studies in breast and ovarian cancer, we demonstrated its effectiveness in identifying biologically meaningful and clinically relevant subtypes. SCCA-CC presented a unique advantage in its ability to classify both single-omics data and multi-omics data, which significantly extends the applicability to various data types, and making more efficient use of published omics resources.
Metabolomics in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered an unprecedented global effort in developing rapid and inexpensive diagnostic and prognostic tools. Since the genome of SARS-CoV-2 was uncovered, detection of viral RNA by RT-qPCR has played the most significant role in preventing the spread of the virus through early detection and tracing of suspected COVID-19 cases and through screening of at-risk population. However, a large number of alternative test methods based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA or proteins or host factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been developed and evaluated. The application of metabolomics in infectious disease diagnostics is an evolving area of science that was boosted by the urgency of COVID-19 pandemic. Metabolomics approaches that rely on the analysis of volatile organic compounds exhaled by COVID-19 patients hold promise for applications in a large-scale screening of population in point-of-care (POC) setting. On the other hand, successful application of mass-spectrometry to detect specific spectral signatures associated with COVID-19 in nasopharyngeal swab specimens may significantly save the cost and turnaround time of COVID-19 testing in the diagnostic microbiology and virology laboratories. Active research is also ongoing on the discovery of potential metabolomics-based prognostic markers for the disease that can be applied to serum or plasma specimens. Several metabolic pathways related to amino acid, lipid and energy metabolism were found to be affected by severe disease with COVID-19. In particular, tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway were persistently dysregulated in several independent studies, suggesting the roles of several metabolites of this pathway such as tryptophan, kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine as potential prognostic markers of the disease. However, standardization of the test methods and large-scale clinical validation are necessary before these tests can be applied in a clinical setting. With rapidly expanding data on the metabolic profiles of COVID-19 patients with varying degrees of severity, it is likely that metabolomics will play an important role in near future in predicting the outcome of the disease with a greater degree of certainty.
Give a Man a Fish or Teach a Man to Fish: A Cross-Level Moderated Mediation Model of Cognitive and Performance Responses of Team Members to Help of Team Leaders

Drawing upon theoretical lenses of social cognitive theory, this study explores whether, when, why, and how the helping behaviors of team leaders influence individual work role performance of team members (in terms of individual task proficiency, task adaptivity, and task proactivity) through self-efficacy of team members. The consequences of different types of help of leaders are uncovered in this study. By proposing a cross-level moderated mediation model and using multisource and multistage data from 303 team members in 39 work teams, autonomy-oriented help of leaders was found to have a differential effect on individual work role performance of members via the self-efficacy of the latter when controlling for dependency-oriented help of leaders. Moreover, the multilevel analysis of moderation uncovered that leader–member exchange relationship at the team level engendered a boundary condition for the mediating role of member self-efficacy in the relationship between autonomy-oriented help of leaders and individual work role performance of members in this model.
Exosome-Depleted Excretory-Secretory Products of the Fourth-Stage Larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis Promotes Alternative Activation of Macrophages Through Metabolic Reprogramming by the PI3K-Akt Pathway

Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC), which parasitizes in the brain of the non-permissive host, such as mouse and human, is an etiologic agent of eosinophilic meningitis. Excretory-secretory (ES) products play an important role in the interaction between parasites and hosts’ immune responses. Inflammatory macrophages are responsible for eosinophilic meningitis induced by AC, and the soluble antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis fourth stage larva (AC L4), a mimic of dead AC L4, aggravate eosinophilic meningitis in AC-infected mice model via promoting alternative activation of macrophages. In this study, we investigated the key molecules in the ES products of AC L4 on macrophages and observed the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and the PI3K-Akt pathway. First, a co-culture system of macrophage and AC L4 was established to define the role of AC L4 ES products on macrophage polarization. Then, AC L4 exosome and exosome-depleted excretory-secretory products (exofree) were separated from AC L4 ES products using differential centrifugation, and their distinct roles on macrophage polarization were confirmed using qPCR and ELISA experiments. Moreover, AC L4 exofree induced alternative activation of macrophages, which is partially associated with metabolic reprogramming by the PI3K-Akt pathway. Next, lectin blot and deglycosylation assay were done, suggesting the key role of N-linked glycoproteins in exofree. Then, glycoproteomic analysis of exofree and RNA-seq analysis of exofree-treated macrophage were performed. Bi-layer PPI network analysis based on these results identified macrophage-related protein Hexa as a key molecule in inducing alternative activation of macrophages. Our results indicate a great value for research of helminth-derived immunoregulatory molecules, which might contribute to drug development for immune-related diseases.
Association of NLRP3 rs35829419 and rs10754558 Polymorphisms With Risks of Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The existing knowledge about the association between NLRP3 rs35829419/rs10754558 polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases (AIDs) remains controversial. Herein, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate such association. We searched databases for relevant studies published in English up to February 2021. Stata14 was used to assess the odds ratio (OR). As for NLRP3 rs35829419, no significant association to overall AIDs was found in three genetic models [A vs. C: OR (95%CI) = 0.89 (0.69–1.14); AC vs. CC: 1.00 (0.77–1.30); AA/AC vs. CC: 0.93 (0.71–1.20)]. However, subgroup analysis by disease type showed that NLRP3 rs35829419 A allele may have a significant protective effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility [A vs. C: 0.74 (0.57–0.96)]. NLRP3 rs10754558 polymorphism contributes to significantly reduce the risk of AIDs in the allelic model [G vs. C: 0.78 (0.71–0.87)], homozygote co-dominant model [GG vs. CC: 0.63 (0.51–0.77)], heterozygote co-dominant model [GC vs. CC: 0.78 (0.66–0.91)], dominant model [GG/GC vs. CC: 0.73 (0.63–0.84)], and recessive model [GG vs. GC/CC: 0.73 (0.62–0.88)]. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, association was observed between the NLRP3 rs10754558 G allele and AIDs in Latin Americans, but not in European, Arabian, or Asian populations. Stratification by disease type showed a significant association of the NLRP3 rs10754558 G allele with type 1 diabetes (T1D), RA, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but not with celiac disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS), or myasthenia gravis (MG). This meta-analysis suggests that the NLRP3 rs10754558, but not rs35829419, polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to AIDs, especially in Latin American individuals.
Correlation Between Prognostic Biomarker SLC1A5 and Immune Infiltrates in Various Types of Cancers Including Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background Solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5) is a major glutamine transporter and plays a key role in tumor growth. The main objectives of this study were to visualize the prognostic landscape of SLC1A5 in multiple cancers and determine the relations between SLC1A5 expression and tumor immunity. Methods SLC1A5 expression and its effect on tumor prognosis were analyzed using multiple online tools Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, PrognoScan, and Kaplan-Meier plotter with their own datasets as well as the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The correlations between SLC1A5 and tumor immune infiltrates were determined via TIMER. Results SLC1A5 expression was significantly higher in several types of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), compared with corresponding normal tissues. High SLC1A5 expression correlated with poor overall survival and with disease-free survival related to alcohol consumption. Moreover, SLC1A5 expression correlated positively with the numbers of tumor-infiltrating B cells, CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in HCC and in lower-grade glioma (LGG). Also, SLC1A5 expression showed strong correlations with diverse immune marker sets in HCC and LGG, indicating its role in regulating tumor immunity. Conclusions SLC1A5 represents a useful prognostic biomarker in multiple cancers, and its expression correlates highly with tumor immune-cell infiltration, especially in HCC and LGG.
Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria are Associated With a Low Nitrate Resupply to Surface Waters in Lake Tanganyika

In Lake Tanganyika, blooms of nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) cyanobacteria emerge, when the upper water column re-stratifies after a period of upwelling and convective mixing. During this seasonal transition, diazotrophic cyanobacteria exploit the abundant phosphate and fix nitrogen after other phytoplankton taxa have consumed the available nitrate. However, it remains less clear, which mechanisms favour diazotrophic cyanobacteria under more heavily stratified conditions with lower levels of excess phosphate and persistent nitrate-depletion. Here, we collected profiles of physicochemical parameters, nutrients and photo-pigments, as well as the medium- to large-sized phytoplankton community during two lake-wide cruises to elucidate to what extent the abundance of diazotrophic cyanobacteria in Lake Tanganyika may be controlled by the nitrate resupply through the thermocline into the euphotic zone. At stations where nitrate was depleted, but phosphate remained available near the surface, high densities of diazotrophic cyanobacteria were associated with a low nitrate supply to surface waters. Our data provide first support for two conceptual scenarios, where the relative position of the thermocline and the euphotic depth may create a functional niche for diazotrophic cyanobacteria: when the upward transport of nitrate into the euphotic zone is reduced by a subjacent thermocline, diazotrophic cyanobacteria, comprising Dolichospermum and Anabaenopsis, are key players in the medium-to large-sized phytoplankton community. By contrast, a thermocline located within the euphotic zone allows for a rapid vertical transport of nitrate for a thriving nitrate-assimilating phytoplankton community that evidently outcompetes diazotrophic cyanobacteria. This study highlights that, under nitrogen-depleted conditions, diazotrophic cyanobacteria can also grow in response to a reduced nutrient resupply to the productive surface waters.