Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compostagem de resíduo sólido de abatedouro avícola

The great demand for animal protein was responsible for the increase on the broilers production and hence, the generation of waste from the poultry slaughter was increased as well, which in turn, propelled the development of techniques that allow the reuse and recycling of these wastes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of composting on the treatment and recycling of solid waste from poultry slaughterhouse. The solid waste was from a commercial poultry slaughterhouse and was composed of viscera, muscle, fat, bone, blood and feathers that was mixed with a source of carbon, rice husk. Initially, a windrow with a volume of 1.5m3 was built, and then some parameters were monitored: temperature, total solids (TS), volatile (VS), N, P, K, organic carbon (C), composting organic matter (COC), organic matter resistant to composting (MORC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), mass and volume of the windrow, most probable number (MPN) of total and fecal coliforms, as well as their reductions during the process. The maximum temperature reached in the center of the windrow was 53.3°C (weekly average) since reductions of weight of TS and VS and volume during the pre-composting were 36.1, 44.3 and 23.3%, respectively and during the composting process was 21.8, 23.8 and 4.4%. The low volume reduction can be associated with high concentrations of MORC (40.1%) which can be mainly related to the quality of the carbon source. The process produced satisfactory total reductions of TS, VS and volume that were respectively, 50.1, 57.5 and 26.7%. However reductions were observed in 43% of amount of nitrogen in the final compound. Despite reductions in nitrogen content, composting proved to be an effective method in the treatment of solid waste from poultry slaughterhouse.
Assessing Small Industrial Agglomeration and Economic Growth in South Sumatra

—The relationship between small industrial agglomeration with economic growth is urgent to do in-depth empirical study. The determination of South Sumatra as a center for the development of small and medium industries indicates that economic growth is the effect of small industrial agglomeration. To determine the relationship between the small industrial agglomeration and economic growth used secondary data, such as South Sumatra economic growth data with the scope of the nine districts/ cities. Small industrial agglomeration measured using the Balassa-Hoover index. Consideration of using the nine districts/ cities because that area has diverse industry types. The analysis technique used a simple linear regression with panel data. The result shows that there is a positive relation between small industrial agglomeration and economic growth in South Sumatra, although still relatively weak.
Distribution of Soft Ticks and Their Natural Infection with Borrelia in a Focus of Relapsing Fever in Iran

Tick-borne diseases such as relapsing fever and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) are of public health importance in Iran. There are 471 reported cases of relapsing fever in 2003, according to the Ministry of Health of Iran.The number of cases has been increased in recent years. Its distribution is more or less prevalent in different parts of Iran. The aim of this study was to find out the fauna and natural infection of soft ticks with Borrelia in Qazvin Province, during their seasonal activity. The province covers 15821 km² between 48-45 to 50-50 east of Greenwich Meridian of longitude and 35-37 to 36-45 north latitude of the equator. For this purpose a field study was carried out in the region. A total of 54 villages from 19 districts were selected randomly and ticks were collected from their habitats according to the standard method. A total of 3197 Argasidae ticks were collected from human dwellings, poultry and animal shelters. They belonged to Argas and Ornithodoros genera which 36.8% were Argas persicus, 4% A. reflexus, 6.4% O. canestrini, 45.5% O. lahorensis and 7.3% O. tholozani. It should be noted that 12 ticks of O. erraticus were collected from 12 rodents borrows. We found that 8.82 % of O. tholozani ticks were infected with Borrelia persica and half of the O. erraticus were infected with Borrelia microti. All the people who are involved with veterinary activities should be aware of disease transmission by the ticks. In the endemic area of the disease tick control is recommended.
Assessing the effect of time-scaling methods on phylogeny-based analyses in the fossil record

Abstract Phylogeny-based approaches can be used to infer diversification dynamics and the rate and pattern of trait change. Applying these analyses to fossil data often requires time-scaling a cladogram of morphotaxon relationships. Although several time-scaling methods have been developed for this purpose, the incomplete sampling of the fossil record can distort the apparent timing of branching. It is unclear how well different time-scaling methods reconstruct the true temporal relationships or how any such inaccuracy could affect tree-based evolutionary analyses. I developed process-based simulations of the fossil record that allow the comparison of approximated time-scaled trees to true time-scaled trees. I used this simulation framework to test the effect of time-scaling methods on the fidelity of several commonly applied tree-based analyses, across a range of simulation conditions. When the fidelity of time-scaling methods differed, the stochastic “cal3” time-scaling method with ancestral assignment produced preferable results. Estimating rates and models of continuous trait evolution was particularly sensitive to bias from scenarios that forced the insertion of many short branch lengths, a bias that is not solved by any of the considered time-scaling methods in all scenarios. The cal3 method of time-scaling can be recommended as the preferred time-scaling method among those tested, but caution must be exercised because tree-based analyses are prone to easily overlooked biases.
A partitioning advisor for studying the tradeoff between peripheral and area array bonding of components in multichip modules

The tradeoff between peripheral I/O format die (for wire bonding, tape automated bonding, or peripheral flip chip bonding) and area array I/O format die (for flip chip bonding) is examined as a function of partitioning a fixed functionality into a variable number of die. The comparison is made in the context of a multichip module (MCM). The automated analysis approach concurrently considers module size, thermal and electrical performance, and cost (including module level test and network) to assess the overall applicability of one bonding format over the other. <<ETX>>
Impact of UK sport fishing on fish welfare and conservation

Sport fishing or angling is the capture of fish for recreation or competition, i.e., for entertainment. Contrary to the claims of Key (2016), there is good evidence that fish feel pain and have the capacity for self-awareness (Sneddon et al., 2018; Woodruff, 2017). Wild fish experience a variety of adverse conditions in nature that can harm their welfare, but this does not justify humans intentionally inflicting such conditions on fish solely for our pleasure. This commentary summarises the many ways fish suffer harm to their welfare as a result of sport fishing. There are also discussions on associated activities that have negative effects on the welfare and conservation of other animals, as well as deleterious impacts on the environment. We should not allow scientific evidence-based conclusions to be discounted because of the large number of people that participate in the sport or the large sums generated for regional or national economies. The time has come for improvements in fish welfare to be incorporated in sport fishing, and a logical starting point would be the development of welfare guidelines for anglers.
Vocalization of red- and grey-shanked douc langurs (Pygathrixnemaeus and P. cinerea)

Summary The vocal repertoires of red- and grey-shanked douc langurs ( Pygathrix nemaeus and P. cinerea ) have never been described before. Information derived from the recordings of the captive groups of the Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam, was used for a first quantitative description of these species’ calls based on the calculation of pairwise dissimilarity indexes and cluster analysis. Distinctive features were found across the 8 vocal types identified for each species. Some of the clusters are feasibly representing call variants belonging to an acoustic continuum, but others clearly represent distinct types. The potential changes occurring due to sex- and age-dependent characteristics were not investigated in the present study.
Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and soil fertility on isoprene emissions from Quercus robur

The effects of global change on the emission rates of isoprene from plants are not clear. A factor that can influence the response of isoprene emission to elevated CO2 concentrations is the availability of nutrients. Isoprene emission rate under standard conditions (leaf temperature: 30°C, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR): 1000 μmol photons m−2 s−1), photosynthesis, photosynthetic capacity, and leaf nitrogen (N) content were measured in Quercus robur grown in well‐ventilated greenhouses at ambient and elevated CO2 (ambient plus 300 ppm) and two different soil fertilities. The results show that elevated CO2 enhanced photosynthesis but leaf respiration rates were not affected by either the CO2 or nutrient treatments. Isoprene emission rates and photosynthetic capacity were found to decrease with elevated CO2, but an increase in nutrient availability had the converse effect. Leaf N content was significantly greater with increased nutrient availability, but unaffected by CO2. Isoprene emission rates measured under these conditions were strongly correlated with photosynthetic capacity across the range of different treatments. This suggests that the effects of CO2 and nutrient levels on allocation of carbon to isoprene production and emission under near‐saturating light largely depend on the effects on photosynthetic electron transport capacity.
State of Multiculturalism Among Undergraduate University Students in Ethiopia

Multiculturalism ensures that all citizens can keep their identities, can take pride in their ancestry and have sense of belongingness. Acceptance of others cultural identity gives a feeling of security and self-confidence making them open to and accept diverse cultures (Berry, 2001). Multiculturalism is expected to have positive effects on ethnic group identification and intergroup relations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the state of multiculturalism among undergraduate university students in Ethiopia. To achieve the objective of the study cross sectional research design was employed. A total of 771 participants (484 males and 287 females) were sampled from four government universities. The combinations of multistage cluster sampling, stratified simple random sampling, simple random sampling and purposive sampling procedures were employed to select the sample participants. The Amharic and English versions of the questionnaire which includes a scenario (a case) and 10 questions portray the notions of multiculturalism and related concerns of the university students were presented. The collected data were analyzed using frequency percentage and Chi-square. The findings of the study indicate that there is a healthy relationship and tolerance, acceptance of diversity and intercultural sensitivity among the majority of target group university students. Finally, implications and recommendations were forwarded. Keywords: Multiculturalism, interethnic conflict, university students. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/59-02 Publication date: May 31 st 2020
Sweetpotato Tolerance to Halosulfuron Applied Postemergence

Studies were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to determine the effect of application timing and halosulfuron rate on sweetpotato yield and quality. Halosulfuron was applied 1, 2, and 4 wks after transplanting (WAP) sweetpotato in 2003, and 2, 3, and 4 WAP in 2004. Treatments within each timing included halosulfuron at 13, 26, 39, 52, and 65 g ai/ha plus a weed-free control. Combined over year, site, cultivar and rate, halosulfuron applied at 1, 2, 3, and 4 WAP stunted sweetpotato 32, 15, 11, and 14%, respectively, rated 2 wks after treatment. The stunting observed with the 1 and 2 WAP timings caused a 17 and 10% reduction in yield of No. 1 roots, respectively, compared with the weed-free control. The 3 and 4 WAP timings of halosulfuron did not reduce yield of No. 1 roots. Total yield was reduced approximately 11% at the 1, 2, and 3 WAP application timings. Halosulfuron at 4 WAP did not reduce total yield. Combined over year, site, and cultivar, halosulfuron applied at 39 g/ha did not reduce the weight of No. 1 roots or total crop yield and thus could be an effective POST option for weed control in sweetpotato. Nomenclature: Halosulfuron; sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
Population Ecology of the Eastern Box Turtle in a Fragmented Landscape

Abstract In the mid-Atlantic region, urban sprawl and development have resulted in habitat alterations and fragmentation; however, the effects on eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) populations are unclear. To investigate the status of eastern box turtle populations in a fragmented landscape, we used mark–recapture and radiotelemetry to estimate population density, sex ratio, age structure, and survival on 4 study areas with differing degrees of isolation and human disturbance in northern New Castle County, Delaware, USA. We estimated adult population densities ranging from 0.81 turtles/ha to 3.62 turtles/ha among our 4 study areas. Sex ratios were male-biased at 2 study areas and balanced at 2 study areas. Proportion of juveniles ranged from 0% to 31%. Estimated annual survival rate ranged from 0.813 to 0.977. Mortality of radiotagged and marked turtles was primarily due to natural causes, but mowing was the primary cause of human-induced mortality. We found evidence of population decline at one study area due to low survival and recruitment. Human disturbances, isolation, and habitat composition appear to have the greatest influence on the box turtle populations we studied. To minimize mortality from human disturbance, we suggest planting crops adjacent to forest habitat that require no mowing or mowing at a height ≥15 cm.
Effects of Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification on Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of LZ91 Mg–Li Alloy

China The e ﬀ ects of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modi ﬁ cation (UNSM) treatments on the microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion behavior of LZ91 Magnesium ­ Lithium (Mg ­ Li) alloy were systematically investigated. The results show that UNSM treatments have greatly positive e ﬀ ects on the mechanical and corrosion behavior improvements. As compared to the bare sample (BS), the near-surface grains were re ﬁ ned and the surface roughness ( R a ) of the sample was reduced from 0. 514µm to 0. 082µm; and the maximum hardness and tensile yield strength remarkable increased by 70 % and 65.4 % after UNSM treatments, respectively. In addition, the corrosion behavior of LZ91 Mg ­ Li alloy was also improved after UNSM treatments. The mechanical and corrosion behavior improvements can be attributed to the introduced thick hardening layer with low roughness and smaller grains
The effects of the timing of management actions on the performance of a grassland sheep flock

Summary A production system is defined which involves the production of lambs from crossbred ewes kept in a cool, temperate grassland environment at an altitude of 250–300 m. Within the production system, an investigation was carried out on the effect of the timing of weaning, pre-mating treatment (flushing) and concentrate feeding before lambing in a flock of 180 Border Leicester (♂) × Scottish Blackface (♀) ewes maintained for a production span of four lamb crops. Weaning treatment had no significant effects on changes in live weight or body condition score. Pre-mating treatment affected live weight and condition at mating. It did not affect the number of lambs born but had a significant effect on the subsequent birth weight of twin lambs in the 1st year it was applied but not thereafter. The timing of introduction and total quantity of concentrate feed affected the birth weight of lambs from ewes at their first lambing (24 months old) but not subsequently. There were no long-term effects of treatment on ewe survival or on the production characters measured. The results are discussed in relation to the seasonal patterns of grass supply and the normal limits of commercial practice. In this study, when grass and forage were in reasonable supply, pre-mating management and concentrate feeding were not critical to ewe performance. Only in circumstances of an unusual grass shortage and also in young ewes did these factors have significant effects on performance.
Nest-site selection in a terrestrially breeding frog with protracted development

Metamorphosis of larvae of the Australian moss frog (Bryobatrachus nimbus) occurs in a terrestrial nest approximately one year after oviposition. Neither parent attends the eggs, thus selection of an appropriate nest site is critical to egg viability. This study examined the dynamics of nest-site utilisation over six years and the characteristics of nests chosen as oviposition sites. Nest cavities were located at ground level amongst heath within one of 10 species of bryophyte, lichen and lycopod. On average, 2.6% of nests contained a male B. nimbus during daytime monitoring during the breeding season, and 7.3% of nests contained an egg mass. Despite an abundance of potentially suitable nests from previous years, males constructed a small proportion (<10%) of new nests each year and new nests were more likely to be used as oviposition sites than older nests. Discriminant function analysis showed that moss nests used as oviposition sites were distinguishable from empty nests by their greater horizontal dimensions. Eggs deposited in wider nests are restricted to fewer layers, and a preference for wider nests may be adaptive because embryonic oxygenation is enhanced under such conditions. However, rather than demonstrating nest-site selection, the use of relatively large nests as oviposition sites may be an artifact of their occupancy by a breeding pair. Nt sn infro N. ZO1
Limnological characteristics and seasonal changes in density and diversity of the phytoplanktonic community at the Caçó pond, Maranhão State, Brazil

Seasonal changes of the phytoplanktonic community and limnological abiotic characteristics of Caco pond (Maranhao State, Brazil) was evaluated from two field researches during the rainy (April 1999) and dry (November 1999) seasons. Measurements of twelve chemical and physical variables and phytoplankton collections were carried out at eight sampling stations. The Chlorophyceae and Cyanobacteria groups were in highest fractions during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The limnological abiotic variables showed a homogenous spatial distribution. The cluster analysis, using Bray-Curtis distance, distinguished two major groups, represented by the most common and abundant species in both the periods. The results showed that the climate regime, due to the seasonal changes in pluviosity, was a determinant over the phytoplanktonic community structure at Caco pond.
Structure and floristics of a montane grassland/forest transition, Doma Peaks region, Papua

A comprehensive study of structure and floristics in a typical montane (2700 m) grassland/forest transition in Papua-New Guinea was made using a destructive technique involving complete removal of all woody species below 10 m, in a single belt transect. By this means the distribution of all tracheophytes in a dense transitional system was accurately determined, providing evidence that the transition was advancing over open grassland. Use is made of profile and plan drawings. The transition is described as a discrete community in terms of juvenile, mature, and senescent phases. A distinct group of transition species is recognized. The distributions of life-forms and a symbiotic relationship between moss-hummocks and transition species are discussed, and the role of fire in transition dynamics is briefly considered.
Genetic Parameters, Correlation Coefficients and Path Coefficient Analysis in Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia L.)

Variability studies were made in ten lines of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Of the ten characters studied, genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability per cent in broad sense and genetic advance as per cent of mean were highest for number of fruits per plant and lowest for number of male flowers per plant. High heritability value in conjunction with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of fruits per plant, weight of fruit and yield per plant. Yield per plant was highly positively correlated with number of fruits per plant. Number of fruits per plant was also having high positive correlation with number of lateral branches per plant and number of female flowers per plant. Number of female flowers was having maximum positive direct effect on yield and the indirect contribution of other characters on yield was mainly through number of lateral branches per plant, number of female flowers per plant and number of fruits per plant.
Pectinolytic complex production by Aspergillus niger URM 4645 using yellow passion fruit peels in solid state fermentation

The activities of endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG), exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG), pectin lyase (PL), and pectin methylesterase (PE), produced by Aspergillus niger URM 4645, were studied in solid state fermentation (SSF) using yellow passion fruit peels as substrate. The effect of substrate amount, initial moisture content, and temperature on pectinase production was studied using a full factorial design (2³). Maximum endo-PG, exo-PG, PL, and PE activities were 31.35, 7.98, 551,299.39, and 447.93 U g −1 dry substrate, respectively. Optimum activities of the four enzymes were obtained with 5.0 g of the substrate and an initial moisture content of 30% at 34°C with 96 h of fermentation. Optimum endo-PG activity was found at pH 7.5 at an optimum temperature of 40°C; exo-PG and PL at pH 7.0 at an optimum temperature of 80°C; and PE at pH 3.5 at an optimum temperature of 30°C. Endo-PG was stable at pH 7.0 to 8.0 at 40°C, and exo-PG and PL at pH 6.0 to 8.0 and 6.0 to 7.5, respectively at 60 to 70°C. PE was stable at pH 3.5 to 5.0 at 30 to 60°C. The enzyme production optimization clearly demonstrated the impact of process parameters on the yield of pectinolytic enzymes. Keywords: Aspergillus niger , residue, pectinolytic activities, solid state fermentation, characterization. African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol 13(31) 3313-3322