Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of onion under weed and fertilizer management

In the new alluvial soil of Navsari (Gujarat), a field experiment was conducted in Rabi season to study the yield, quality and post harvest life of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. ‘Gujarat Onion White-1’ as affected by weed management and fertilizer levels during two conjunctive years of 2008–09 and 2009–10. Weed population were decreased significantly with application of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha or oxyfluorfen 0.24 kg/ha supplement with one hand weeding at 40 DAT during both the season of investigation. Echinochloa spp. , Trianthema portulacastrum, Digera arvensis. Physalis minima. and Cynodon dactylon. were found as major weeds in experiment field. Further, pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha followed by one hand weeding produced higher onion bulb yield of 39.3, 36.6 and 38.0 t/ha during both years as well as in pooled, respectively and found at par with oxyflourfen 0.24 kg/ha + one hand weeding at 40 DAT and weed free treatments. In pooled, increasing fertilizer rate from 75% to 125% of RDF was found effective and the higher level of fertilizer (125% RDF) gave the highest bulb yield, which was 10.52 and 19.43% more than of the F2 and F1 levels respectively. Regarding post harvest life of bulbs, weight losses (%), black mould development (%) and sprouting (%) were remained unaffected by weed management and fertilizer levels except significantly higher weight losses (%) was observed under weed management treatment. On the basis of interaction, it is inferred that the treatment combination of (pendimethalin 1 kg/ha fb one hand weeding at 40 days after transplanting supplement with 100% RDF) found most appropriate (39.86 t/ha) and profitable not only to secure the net return of 2,69,422/ha with 7.85 BCR per unit cost of onion production but also save 25% of fertilizer.
Economics of production and marketing of banana in Chitwan district, Nepal.

Accepted: 25 Jan. 2018 The study was conducted in several place of Chitwan, Nepal from where 90 representative farmers and 20 traders were selected randomly as sample. The farmers were categorized into small, medium and large farm based on land holding size. The finding showed average productivity was maximum in medium size farm. Total cost of banana cultivation per bigha (1.5 bigha = 1 hector) was NRs. 239031 (106 NRs. = $1) excluding land rent. The share of planting material was 12.66%, manure 13.55%, fertilizer 16.49%, micro-nutrient 2.59%, pesticides 10.54%, labor 19.48%, animal/ machine 19.23%, marketing & transport cost 2%, and miscellaneous 3.46%. The average return rate found to be highest in large farm and lowest in small farm. The average profit of banana cultivation found to be NRs. 131902.3 per bigha. The average benefit cost ratio was 1.55 in the study area. Producer–Collector–Wholesaler–Retailer– Consumer was the most prevalent marketing channel, through which 94.74% volume was traded. Disease and pest infestation was the major production problem and fluctuation in price for marketing. The average share of banana on annual income for farmers found to be 41.34 %, indicating commercial cultivation in study area.
Mobility in association with anxiety and quality of life in middle-aged and older female fallers and non-fallers

Objective ― The goal of our study was to compare mobility vs. cognitive function and quality of life in middle-aged and older women, both fallers and non-fallers. Material and Methods ― A total of 246 healthy community-dwelling women 55-74 YO participated in this study. They were distributed among two subgroups: (1) fallers (n=95) and (2) non-fallers (n=151). Fallers had falls in the past 12 months, while non-fallers did not. Walking tests were performed using Balance Master® posturography system. Trait anxiety and state anxiety were assessed by SpielbergerHanin test; health state and quality of life (QoL) were evaluated from SF-36 health survey questionnaire; subjectively experienced age (SEA) and the rate of aging were also estimated. Results ― In Walk Across test, the average speed was lower in fallers (p=0.020), as compared with non-fallers. In Tandem Walking test, step width (p=0.016) and endpoint sway velocity (p=0.029) were higher, while speed (p=0.030) was lower in fallers vs. non-fallers. StepQuick-Turn test time (p=0.016) was longer and sway (p=0.011) was higher in fallers in the course of turning both to the left and to the right. SEA in female non-fallers was less (p=0.033) than in female fallers of the same age. Trait anxiety was higher in female fallers (p=0.012) with a lower QoL level (p<0.001). Conclusion ― Our results validated the need for early assessment of the postural control dynamic components in order to prevent the development of falls as a geriatric syndrome.
Distribución batimétrica de comunidades macrobentónicas de sustrato blando en la plataforma continental de Guipúzcoa (golfo de Vizcaya)

Batimetric distribution of soft-bottom macrobenthonic communities on the continental shelf of Guipuzcoa (Bay of Biscay) Sampling results from 13 soft-bottom station, situated along a transect on the continental shelf off the province of Guipuzcoa (Bay of Viscay), are represented. This transect is 5 m deep at the beginning and 225 m deep at the end. A total of 6 408 individuals belonging to 404 species have been counted, some of them first record for the Iberian fauna. The identified communities have been labelled as follows: Boreal Lusitanian Tellina community, Venus community, Venus fasciata - Spisula elliptica - Branchiostoma community and Amphiura community. In addition to these community descriptions, other fauna observations are also dicussed, such as the location on the continental shelf and various autoecological aspects.
Relationships between seed banks and spatial heterogeneity of North American alvar vegetation

Abstract This is the first quantitative study of seed bank characteristics in North American alvar habitats. We assessed seed bank density, species richness, and species composition in 75 plots distributed among five alvar sites in Bruce Peninsula National Park, Ontario, Canada, each of which displayed areas of high and low vegetation cover within the alvar and a fully forested perimeter area. Forested habitats immediately adjacent to alvar patches contained minimal seed banks for species restricted to the alvar patches. Open alvars contained less than 1% seeds from woody forest species. This suggests that forest is not invading adjacent alvar habitat via seeds and that adjacent forest does not contain a reservoir of alvar seeds. When compared to areas on the alvar with high vascular plant cover, areas with low cover contained a slightly smaller viable seed bank, but seed banks from high and low vegetation cover plots had similar species composition and species richness. High vegetation cover plots had slightly higher mean and maximum soil depths compared with low cover plots, but no differences in other physical and chemical parameters. Thus, spatial heterogeneity in plant cover is associated only weakly with heterogeneity in below-ground factors. Despite the availability of seed and soil resources, vegetation dynamics are constrained in areas with low plant cover, and thus alvar community development seems to respond non-linearly to resource availability. Nomenclature: Newmaster et al. (1998).
Comparison of dual and single clutch transmission based on Global Transport Application mission profiles

Global Transport Application (GTA) is a common language to define transport missions for development, sales and aftermarket processes. To achieve a light weight and low-cost powershifting transmission for the targeted heavy vehicle applications, GTA was used in the development of the I-Shift Dual Clutch (I-Shift DC). Using a well-defined transport mission enables relevant modelling and simulation for performance assessment. This paper outlines the methods and shows some examples of technical implications. Firstly, the results from real world measurements in one specific scenario are presented. This shows the difference between a single clutch (SC) and dual clutch (DC) transmission for heavy-duty vehicles. Secondly, a full vehicle simulation model is built to extend the results to longer transport missions. The measurement results are used to parametrise and calibrate the model. Finally, the calibrated model is used to evaluate the performance in detail by using GTA to select appropriate transport missions for simulation.
Predicting yields of high priced trimmed beef cuts by means of carcass weight and visual assessments of fat cover and conformation

The total and individual trimmed meat yield of six hind quarter cuts and one fore quarter cut were estimated for 200 carcasses from animals of mixed origin with regard to breed, sex and feeding regimen. The linear models included carcass weight and visual assessment of fatness and conformation by means of seven fat and five conformation classes. Amount of variation accounted for (R2) was the most favourable for total yield (87.3%) and the least favourable for the rib-eye cut (43.5%). Carcass weight contributed to most of the variation accounted for and had a positive effect on the yield for all the cuts. Fat score and conformation score were significant in the models of all cuts and total yield except for the rump, and contributed at least 10 percentage points to the R2-value for the topside, thick flank, loin, rib-eye and fillet. Fat score had a negative effect on trimmed yield of all cuts except for the loin, which could be attributed to less trimming compared to other cuts. Conformation score had positive effects on the yield of all cuts except for the rump (non significant), fillet and thick flank. Fat score had the largest proportional effect (to size of the cut) on topside and thick flank, which both contain significant fat deposits. Conformation score had the largest proportional effect on the loin and rib-eye, which is probably due to the synergistic effect of fatness and conformation on the conformation score in this region. The accuracy of estimation of total yield for the purpose of awarding premiums to yield categories was considered to be good when the residual standard deviation of the estimated yield was compared with the standard deviation of the trial sample. However, separating cuts into different weight categories was less accurate and varied among cuts, which suggests that more information is needed for more reliable models before accurate individual yields of cuts can be predicted in practice. Keywords : Conformation score; fat score; premiums; saleable meat South African Journal of Animal Sciences Vol. 35 (3) 2005: pp.195-205
Re-establishment of connectivity for fish populations in regulated rivers

The hydropower industry has altered connectivity in many rivers during the last century. Many fish speciesdepend on both an intact longitudinal connectivity to be able to migrate between spawning, feeding andwinter habitats, and vertical connectivity for development and survival of incubating embryos and larvae inthe gravel. The objective of this thesis was to examine problems and remedial measures associated withdisrupted longitudinal and vertical connectivity in regulated rivers.The issue of longitudinal connectivity was studied in the River Eman by evaluating the efficiency of twonature-like fishways for anadromous brown trout. Telemetry studies showed that the combined efficiencyfor the two fishways in 2001-2004 was 60.5%. The passage efficiencies of both fishways were high fortrout (89-100%), but also for other species such as chub, perch, tench, burbot and roach (74%). Theattraction efficiencies were largely dependent on power plant operation, and generally high for the fishwaysituated next to the tail-race and low for the fishway situated inside the former channel. More than half ofthe trout spawners were also observed using the fishways for downstream passage. The densities of brown trout yearlings upstream of the fishways were higher after the fishways were built than during pre-fishway years. Smolts produced upstream of the fishways were observed migrating downstream in 2003-2005. The percentage of smolts that passed both power plants in was 51%, withlosses being attributed to predation (15%), turbine-induced mortality (16%) and other reasons (18%). Turbine-induced mortality was higher (40%) at the power plant with four small Francis runners, than at the power plant with one large Kaplan runner (12%). The issue of vertical connectivity was studied in three rivers in Varmland, one unregulated, and two regulated, one of which had no minimum flow requirements. In the unregulated river, temporal patterns in hyporheic water chemistry correlated to variation in surface water chemistry and discharge as expected. In the regulated rivers, the hyporheic water chemistry showed little correlation to discharge or surface water chemistry. The intra-gravel water chemistry conditions for brown trout eggs were more favourable in the unregulated river, characterised by high oxygen levels, than in the two regulated rivers. The regulated river with no minimum flow requirements had critically low oxygen levels at the end of the incubation period
Effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components in the faba bean

Faba bean cv. Fiord was sown at 3-week intervals between 24 April and 26 June at 6 densities varying from 20 to 56 plants/m 2 . Days to emergence, ∞owering, pod set, and maturity were determined. At harvest, the biomass, yield, pod number, seeds per pod, and weight per seed were evaluated per unit area and the distribution of the yield components was evaluated for each node of the main stem. Later sowing had little efiect on the number of days to the appearance of the flrst pod but it progressively reduced the duration of the pod development period from 98 to 60 days. The biomass at maturity of the plants sown on 24 April was constant across all densities, at about 13¢ 5 t/ha. Yield, however, decreased linearly with density from 6¢ 7t o 5 ¢2 t/ha. Harvest index, therefore, also fell with density. With later sowing, biomass and yield increased with density. The increase in yield was not as great; so again harvest index fell with density. Later sowing resulted in much lower yields and even at the highest density only reached 5¢2 t/ha. Variation in yield was largely determined by variation in the number of pods per unit area. Seeds per pod was constant across the treatments but weight per seed decreased if sowing was delayed beyond 10 June. With later sowing, the number of pod-bearing nodes on the main stems declined from 27 to 15. Early-sown plants at high density had fewer pods per node at the lower nodes and more pods per node at the higher nodes than plants at low density. This interaction was not evident at the second sowing and the number of pods at each node was unafiected by density. For the sowings in June, all nodes of the low density plants bore more pods. The number of seeds per pod was smaller at the lowest and highest nodes, but as there were so few pods at these nodes, this did not afiect the mean number of seeds per pod when evaluated for all pods on a plant. Weight per seed was more uniform for the nodes of the early-sown plants than for those of the plants sown later, in which there was a marked decrease in weight per seed at the upper nodes.
Molecular epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus strains in domestic herbivores of Lorestan, Iran

Introduction and objective: Hydatidosis is one of the most important common zoonosis diseases in most parts of the world. This parasite causes many damages to animal husbandry. Several strains of this parasite have been identified based on the biologic and epidemiologic characteristics of strains and this is important for the improvement of the control and prevention of this disease. As the aim of the present study, identification of these strains and their incidence can help recognition of the biologic cycle of the parasite in Lorestan province. Materials and methods: One hundred and forty livestock isolates from sheep, goat and cow were collected from the abattoir of the Lorestan province. To investigate the genetic variation of the isolates, after the extraction of DNA, PCR-RLFP analysis of a fragment of ribosomal DNA was performed using four different restriction enzymes of TaqI, HpaII, RsaI and AluI. Results: The amplified PCR product for all isolates was a 1000bp band which is the same as the expected band in sheep strain. The results of RFLP analysis also were the same for all isolates. Conclusion: The results of PCR and the RFLP analysis showed that only the sheep strain of this parasite is present in Lorestan province and based on RFLP pattern all the sheep, cow and goat isolates are infected with sheep strain.
Measurement of non-adherence to immunosuppressive medication in liver transplantation recipients

Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Confl icts of interests: Despite being Editor in Chief and Associate Editor for Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, Schirmer J and Roza BA were not involved in manuscript assessment. Abstract Objective: Assessing the level of non-adherence to immunosuppressive therapy in a sample of liver transplantation recipients using the Basel Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scale; correlating socio-demographic features and clinical factors to medication non-adherence. Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted between March 2016 and March 2018 at the outpatient service for liver transplantations of the Federal University of São Paulo. Results: Forty-nine patients were assessed. The level of medication non-adherence after liver transplantation was 49%. It was directly correlated to the use of mycophenolic acid (p=0.007) and to multiple daily dosing of immunosuppressant medication (p=0.004). No statistically signifi cant correlations were found between non-adherence to immunosuppressive therapy, socio-demographic features, and the remaining clinical variables assessed. Conclusion: This study shows that nearly half of all patients are not compliant with immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation. Given poor liver transplantation outcomes are intimately related to adherence failure, nurses need to assess this behavior in outpatient follow-up of liver transplantation recipients.
A study on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete using Electronic Waste as Fine Aggregate

The quantities of electronic waste have been increased rapidly, and was caused variety problems such as environmental pollution or dissipation of resource. So, it needed to development of recycling technology about heavy metal in the electronic waste. Meanwhile, filler material (concrete or mortar) was used for shielding radioactive waste, however, it did not used materials that it is proved radiation shielding performance. So, there is a lack of confidence in the shielding performance. Therefore, in this paper, mechanical properties of concrete was evaluated for the applicability using electronic waste as fine aggregate of filler material. From the test results, compressive and flexural strength and elasticity modulus and the micro pore in the 1μm range was significantly affected by substitution of electronic waste, however, it could be improved the performance by using mineral admixture as binder. So, it is shown that the electronic waste could be applicable as fine aggregate of filler material.
Myocardial SIRT1 expression following endurance and resistance exercise training in young and old rats

Previous studies indicate a link between caloric restriction, SIRT1 expression, and longevity. It has been suggested that the metabolic stress of exercise may also alter SIRT1 expression. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of two different modes of exercise training on myocardial SIRT1 protein expression in young and old rats. In the first study, young (8 mo) and old (24 mo) Fisher 344 rats were subjected to a progressive treadmill training program for 10 wks ending at 60 min/day, 15 m/min, 0% grade. Myocardial SIRT1 expression was not significantly different (P>0.05) between young and old rats. However, endurance training resulted in a significant (P<0.05) decrease in myocardial SIRT1 protein expression. In the second study, young (5 mo) and old (22 mo) Fisher 344 rats were resistance trained by ladder climbing for 8 wks. Animals began by lifting 50% body weight and ended the training protocol lifting 276±6% body weight (young) and 141±12% body weight (old). Again, we observed no effect of age on myocardial SIRT1 expression. However, in contrast to endurance training, resistance training resulted in no significant (P>0.05) change in SIRT1 expression. The results of this study demonstrate that exercise‐induced changes in myocardial SIRT1 expression are dependent on the mode of training.
Sperm RNA as a Mediator of Genomic Plasticity

Sperm RNA has been linked recently to trans-generational, non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance. Originally dismissed as “residual” to spermatogenesis, some sperm RNA may have postfertilization functions including the transmission of acquired characteristics. Sperm RNA may help explain how trans-generational effects are transmitted and it may also have implications for assisted reproductive technologies (ART) where sperm are subjected to considerable, ex vivo manual handling. The presence of sperm RNA was originally a controversial topic because nuclear gene expression is switched off in the mature mammalian spermatozoon. With the recent application of next generation sequencing (NGS), an unexpectedly rich and complex repertoire of RNAs has been revealed in the sperm of several species that makes its residual presence counterintuitive. What follows is a personal survey of the science behind our understanding of sperm RNA and its functional significance based on experimental observations from my laboratory as well as many others who have contributed to the field over the years and are continuing to contribute today. The narrative begins with a historical perspective and ends with some educated speculation on where research into sperm RNA is likely to lead us in the next 10 years or so.
REPRODUCTION AND SEXUALITY IN PFIESTERIA SHUMWAYAE (DINOPHYCEAE) 1

Pfiesteria shumwayae is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate with a widespread distribution in temperate‐subtropical estuarine waters. In this study, five clonal isolates from the eastern coast of North America, one from New Zealand, and a mixed composite of clones were cultured in aquaria and fed live fish. Division, sexuality, and phagotrophic feeding on fish were studied by LM, SEM, and flow cytometry. The development of reproductive cysts isolated from aquaria was followed. Synchronously excysted flagellate populations were examined for sexuality and then for feeding behavior and reproduction when given larval fish. Reproductive cysts varied in size and underwent protoplast division(s), most commonly producing two to eight biflagellated offspring. Fusing gametes, resulting planozygotes, and nuclear cyclosis were documented as evidence of sexuality. Gametes emerged from cysts, and fusions were approximately isogamous. Resulting planozygotes had two longitudinal flagella and one transverse flagellum and apparently fed before encysting. Distinct and lengthy chromosome movements (nuclear cyclosis) occurred in presumed zygotic cysts before nuclear division(s). These cysts did not exhibit dormancy in growing cultures and produced two or four biflagellated offspring. Flagellated cells fed on surficial fish tissues and then encysted for reproduction. Stages indicating a completed sexual cycle (fusion, planozygotes, and nuclear cyclosis) were uncommon or absent in clonal cultures but were relatively abundant in the mixed clone culture. Self‐sterility factors apparently influenced sexuality. Starved populations formed quiescent cysts that released swimming cells when food was provided. Pfiesteria shumwayae was similar in reproduction and sexuality to closely related species.