Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Political and Socio-Economic Ramifications of the Armed Conflict in Côte d'Ivoire 2002-2011

This article analyses the political, social, and economic factors that contributed to the Ivorian crisis-armed conflict and the ramifications of the conflict from 2002-2011 on Ivorians. It applies Adam Przeworski's eclectic political theory as the analytical framework. The study utilized a qualitative research design and data was obtained from key informants from the following three regions: Abidjan, Bouake, and Odienne. Varied participants were purposively selected and interviewed from various areas: academia, and Foreign Service including diplomats, politicians, civil servants, teachers, traders, university students, and refugees ensuring diverse perspectives. The findings revealed that the armed conflict affected the political, religious/cultural, social, and economic lives and the cohesion of the Ivorian people. Also, the armed conflict retarded the progress of the country and created a sense of distrust, disunity, and discrimination. The conflict hurt the health of the Ivorians, especially HIV/AIDS patients and the entire people's access to health facilities.
Patient Satisfaction with the Quality of Healthcare Services at Selected Major Outpatient Clinics at Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre Kuantan Pahang

INTRODUCTION: Patient satisfaction is a key factor in determining any gaps or inadequacies in the healthcare provider's services. This study aimed to measure the level of patient satisfaction and its associated factors towards the healthcare service of outpatient clinics in Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre (SASMEC), IIUM, Kuantan, Pahang. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1050 patients were recruited from internal medicine, paediatrics, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, orthopaedics, and psychiatry clinics between February 2021 and February 2022. A questionnaire was administered which consists of two parts: one that covers patients’ sociodemographic data and the other that assesses the patients’ level of satisfaction with the healthcare services using the Malay-validated Short-Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). RESULTS: The mean overall satisfaction level was 3.94 ± 0.46, with the highest mean scores in the interpersonal manners (4.2 ± 0.64) and communications (4.26 ± 0.56) domains. From the multivariate analysis, it was found that those patients in the lower income group (B40) were more satisfied with the quality of the healthcare services (B=0.172, 95% CI=0.08, 0.263) compared to the middle-income group. Being a student (B=- 0.202, 95% CI=- 0.296, -0.108) and having a follow-up treatment visit (B=-0.082, 95% CI=-0.156, -0.008), were significantly associated with lower satisfaction levels as compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION: Overall, patients who attended SASMEC were satisfied with the service provided. Continuous service improvement aimed at patients’ household income, occupation and purpose of visit may help SASMEC enhance its service in the future
POPULATION AFFINITIES OF SELECT TRIBAL POPULATIONS OF MAHARASHTRA: A STUDY USING DENTAL MORPHOLOGY

Anthropological hypothesis suggests that agricultural tribal communities of Maharashtra such as Bhil, Pawara, Warli, Kokana, Mahadeo Koli and Thakar, among a few others, are smaller fissioned units of a larger tribal group and are extant representatives of people from Chalcolithic cultures of Maharashtra. Using dental morphological traits this study attempts to resolve the phenetic affinities of select tribal populations of Maharashtra; and understand nature of their phenetic affinities with archaeological populations from the Indian subcontinent, within the context of these anthropological hypotheses. Dental plaster casts were collected from four tribal communities viz. Bhil, Pawara, Kokana and Warli and were scored for fifteen non-metric dental traits using Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS). Secondary data from four extant and nine archaeological populations was used in order to resolve the phenetic affinities of these populations. Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) statistics was computed to understand phenetic distances between the four tribal and secondary populations. Visual representation of MMD values was obtained through Multi-Dimensional Scaling Analysis. Analyses indicate that Kokana, Warli, Bhil and Pawara are distinct from other contemporary as well as prehistoric populations. Among themselves, Kokana, Pawara and Bhil, are virtually indistinguishable from each other. The findings lend support to common origin of Kokana, Warli, Bhil and Pawara tribal communities. Kokana, Warli, Bhil and Pawara tribals are quite distinct from Neolithic and Chalcolithic populations from the subcontinent. This may indicate that these tribes have retained their original gene pool despite adopting agriculture suggesting cultural diffusion of agriculture among them. Though the results provide interesting leads, they should be viewed as tentative considering the limitations of small sample size and small battery of traits used in this work.
Reduced Carbon Dioxide by Overexpressing EPSPS Transgene in Arabidopsis and Rice: Implications in Carbon Neutrality through Genetically Engineered Plants

Simple Summary Overexpressing the EPSPS gene may increase the consumption of ambient CO2 by plants. To explore the relationship between CO2 consumption by plants and expression of the EPSPS gene, we measured the expression level of the EPSPS gene, intercellular CO2 concentration, expression of global genes, and photosynthetic ratios in genetically engineered (GE) and non-GE Arabidopsis and rice plants. Our results showed substantial increases in EPSPS gene expression, CO2 consumption, expression of genes in carbon-fixation related pathways, and photosynthetic ratios. The results indicate that overexpressing the EPSPS gene can enhance CO2 consumption by GE plants with increased expression of genes in carbon-fixation related pathways. The findings not only expand our knowledge on the relationship between overexpression of the EPSPS gene(s) and carbon fixation, but also provide a novel strategy to reduce global CO2 for carbon neutrality, in addition to increases in crop production by genetic engineering of the EPSPS gene(s) in plants. Abstract With the increasing challenges of climate change caused by global warming, the effective reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) becomes an urgent environmental issue for the sustainable development of human society. Previous reports indicated increased biomass in genetically engineered (GE) Arabidopsis and rice overexpressing the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene, suggesting the possibility of consuming more carbon by GE plants. However, whether overexpressing the EPSPS gene in GE plants consumes more CO2 remains a question. To address this question, we measured expression of the EPSPS gene, intercellular CO2 concentration, photosynthetic ratios, and gene expression (RNA-seq and RT-qPCR) in GE (overexpression) and non-GE (normal expression) Arabidopsis and rice plants. Results showed substantially increased EPSPS expression accompanied with CO2 consumption in the GE Arabidopsis and rice plants. Furthermore, overexpressing the EPSPS gene affected carbon-fixation related biological pathways. We also confirmed significant upregulation of four key carbon-fixation associated genes, in addition to increased photosynthetic ratios, in all GE plants. Our finding of significantly enhanced carbon fixation in GE plants overexpressing the EPSPS transgene provides a novel strategy to reduce global CO2 for carbon neutrality by genetic engineering of plant species, in addition to increased plant production by enhanced photosynthesis.
Writing Difficulties for Research Scholars Pursuing PhDs in Engineering

This study explored engineering graduates' academic writing challenges while pursuing their doctoral degrees in information technology, electronics and communication engineering, mechanical engineering, and textile engineering. The focus was on grammar, vocabulary, syntax, coherence and cohesion difficulties. Data were collected by a survey to gain first-hand information from 88 PhD researchers in these collages of engineering. Results revealed that these graduates needed help in syntax, general vocabulary and discourse functions in writing. Punctuation was one of the least problematic of all areas under examination. In light of these findings, some remedial measures are suggested to develop a better sense of cohesion and coherence in scientific-technical discourse. Understanding and applying organizational strategies in writing facilitated through peer reviews and tutor reviews would be a source of support. Paraphrasing strategies is another area in which scholars need plenty of practice. They need to be taught to apply all these strategies without abandoning source material for want of paraphrasing skills.
Path Loss Analysis for Terahertz Band Single-Lane Vehicular Communication

The Terahertz (THz) band lies between the millimeter wave and the far infrared band (0.1-10 THz) and has an important potential for 5G and 6G communication systems. It is a band gap open to future research as it has not been sufficiently explored. The THz band promises an ultra-high data rate and capacity. Considering vehicular communications, the rapidly increasing data traffic is excessive for current vehicular communication technologies to handle. New technologies and approaches are thus needed to deliver higher capacity and data rates with lower latency. Therefore, it is acknowledged that THz technology is a promising technology that can meet these requirements. In this study, the propagation of the THz signal in single-lane vehicular communication was examined. Respective path loss analyses were performed using the High-Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption Database (HITRAN). The obtained results were compared with the measurement results in the existing studies. The effect of reflections on the path loss results of the system was also investigated.
Floral and habitat diversity of ecological grasslands in the Bystra Notec Valley

„Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering” 2015, Vol. 60(3) Mieczysław GRZELAK, Maciej MURAWSKI 47 Piotr GAJEWSKI , Zbigniew KACZMAREK , Wojciech OWCZARZAK , Bartłomiej GLINA , Mieczysław GRZELAK , Maciej MURAWSKI 2 Poznań University of Life Sciences 1 Department of Soil Science and Land Protection, ul. Szydłowska 50, 60-656 Pozna ń, Poland 2 Department of Grasslands and Natural Landscape Scie nces, ul. Dojazd 11, 60-632 Pozna ń, Poland e-mail: gajewski@up.poznan. pl
A Distributed Task Scheduling Framework for Edge Computing and Cyber-Physical Systems

The continuously increasing amount of sensors in cyber-physical systems requires efficient edge computing architectures which follow the paradigm to process data where it emerges. Encapsulated software functions enable the unrestricted allocation of software functions to the edge, but lack real-time execution semantics and a real-time scheduling algorithm. In general, the allocation and scheduling of multiple constraint tasks in a distributed execution environment is classified as NP-complete. Nevertheless, by using prior knowledge, we are able to set up an optimal scheduling algorithm which leads to a highly reduced time complexity. Thus, our efficient approach enables modularity even for safety-critical real-time systems.
Modeling of Leachate Recirculation Using Spraying–Vertical Well Systems in Bioreactor Landfills

© 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers. Leachate recirculation in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills operated as bioreactors offers significant economic and environmental benefits. However, vertical well (VW) recirculation may not be an effective method because gravity will cause the recirculated leachate to flow directly downward to the leachate collection systems at the bottom of the landfill, resulting in a waste of recirculated leachate. One of the solutions to minimize the misapplication of leachate is to enable the leachate to flow in horizontal directions using combined spraying-VW systems, thus enabling it to flow through more MSW. The key objectives of this study were to investigate combined spraying-VW systems, to analyze the effects of applying spraying and VW recirculation systems simultaneously on the leachate migration in landfills, and to estimate some key design parameters (e.g., the steady-state flow rate, the influence radius, and the cumulative leachate volume). In addition, design charts for engineering application were established using a dimensionless variable formulation. The proposed design charts prove both simple and useful.
Aspects of land-use and settlement in prehistoric and historic Caithness

This is an examination of the major phases of land-use and settlement in Caithness. These have been considered to consist of four main chronological groups: firstly that dating from the Agrarian Revolution, a watershed in the agricultural history of the region, to modern times; secondly the traditional feudal farming systems up to the time of the Improvements; the third group is that associated with the Norse colonisation of the county; and fourthly the land-use and settlement evidenced by the extant prehistoric monuments. Each category was examined with reference to all available sources documentary and toponymic as well as archaeological. The historically documented categories were examined with emphasis on the processes, economics and success of the Improvements. A database was formed of all prehistoric monuments with information on their recorded dimensions and positional attributes, such as altitude, aspect, land type and proximity to a water source, from which their locational preferences could be obtained. This study has covered aspects of land-use over a broad chronological span using a wide range of sources. It has indicated questions concerning the survival of field monuments and has revealed avenues of future research.
Measurement of the Temperature in Deep Tissues along the Governor Vessel

Objective: To explore the mechanism of the formation of Infrared Radiant Track along Meridian (IRRTM) course. Methods: The temperature of the skin and subcutaneous deep tissues in 5 points (GV-11, GV-4, GV-5, GV-6 and the point at the thoracic segment 8) along the Governor Vessel and the bilateral control points (non-acupoints, 2 cm to the abovementioned 5 points of the Governor Vessel) was measured in 32 volunteers by using temperature transducer and infrared imaging system. At the same time, the image of infrared radiant track over the back of these subjects was recorded. Results: The temperature values at the skin and in the deep tissues along the Governor Vessel were higher than those of the bilateral non-meridian points (P0.05, 0.01), suggesting a higher energy metabolism rate in the tissues along the meridian which may contribute to the formation of IRRTM. No significant differences were found between the left and right non-meridian points. In 10 subjects, results of infrared imaging showed a higher temperature band along the course of the Governor Vessel (whole course in 7 cases, and more than half course in 3 cases). Conclusion: A higher temperature exists in the tissues along the Governor Meridian course. It suggests that the meridian is possibly a channel for the transformation and transmission of materials, energy and signals in the regulation of functional activities of the human body.
Polygonal serpentine in segregation-textured kimberlite

Serpentine aggregates occurring in calcite-"serpophite" segregatioos in klmberlites are shown by electron optical methods to consist principally of polygonal serpentine accompanied by min61 sluysetile and lizaxdite. The polygonal serpentine forms complex fibers consisting of sectors of flat layers having clinochrysotile-like stacking over-lying a cylindrical chrysotile core. The serpentines exhibit a wide range of morphology and are considered to be primary phases that crystallized over a wide range of temperatures (600-4m'q from the residual fraction of kim-berlite magma.
Silvicultural Practices for Diversity Conservation and Invasive Species Suppression in Forest Ecosystems of the Bundala National Park, Sri Lanka

Forest ecosystems in Sri Lanka are under pressure from intensive human activity and climate change. Invasive species are one of the greatest threats to autochthonous species and ecosystems. In Bundala National Park of Sri Lanka, there are efforts to control and limit the spreading of unwanted invasive Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. and Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl.) Haw. , which poses a significant risk to natural ecosystem conservation. Nine different treatment variants (four replications) were used to test which management approach provides the control of Prosopis juliflora. This research is based on nine repeated measurements from 2017 to 2021 on 36 permanent research plots (each 625 m2) with 27 observed plant species and a total of 90,651 recorded plant individuals. The results confirmed that the dynamics of species richness, heterogeneity, and evenness showed significant differences between treatments during the five years of dynamics. The lowest species diversity was found in the control variant, followed by treatments based on the hard pruning and thinning of Prosopis juliflora trees. In contrast, strategies emphasizing the complete uprooting of Prosopis juliflora trees, replanting, and support of the natural regeneration of native species showed high species diversity and a high overall number of plant species. Generally, treatments had a significant effect on species diversity and the number of individuals of Prosopis juliflora, while changes in the overall number of plant species were more affected by time and succession. Silvicultural treatments including pruning, uprooting, and thinning have proven to be essential tools for nature conservation across various sites, aimed at enhancing habitat diversity in the face of ongoing climate change.
Intelligent MIMO Detection With Momentum-Induced Unfolded Layers

In this letter, we present a novel deep-learning-based network for MIMO symbol detection, referred to as a momentum-induced detection network, MomentNet. Inspired by the projected gradient descent algorithm, our proposed architecture integrates an additional momentum component to the previous deep-learning detectors. By eliminating redundant values, we have successfully reduced the number of training parameters by half from the baseline network, compensating for the increased computational burden introduced by the incorporation of momentum parameters. Simulation results reveal that the proposed network achieves near-Maximum Likelihood symbol error rate performance with low computational complexity.
Global Peak Detection with Novel PV Curve Triangle for Partially Shaded PV Modules

The Photovoltaic (PV) panel placed on the roof is frequently subjected to partial shading conditions and exhibits several multiple peaks in the $P-V$ characteristics. Initially identify the maximum power peak to track Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP) in partial shading conditions. To reduce the time of identifying the global peak, the new global peak detection based on the PV curve triangle is proposed. The PV curve triangle is formed by the voltage axis and initial and final straight lines in the $P-V$ characteristics. The altitude drawn to the base of the triangle gives the global peak location that, the four peaks' ranges near the altitude that two peaks back and two peaks ahead. This method requires only four scanning irrespective of the number of modules in the PV array. The method is examined with 8 case studies of different partial shading conditions on 5×1, 9×1, and 9×4 arrays. From the simulation analysis, the global peak is correctly detected using the PV curve triangle.
Effects of land-use change on benthic macroinvertebrates in the upper reaches of the Apies-Pienaar catchment

Urbanisation of catchment areas is a major cause of freshwater ecosystem degradation worldwide. As catchments become more developed and river ecosystems become increasingly engulfed in various land use activities, there is a growing need to understand these impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Benthic macroinvertebrates are extensively used as indicators of ecosystem health and have been an instrumental tool in ecosystem monitoring and management. The effects of changing land use on macroinvertebrates at a fine scale however, have not been extensively investigated. Therefore an investigation was conducted to compare chemical, physical and biological surface water quality parameters and aquatic macroinvertebrate community composition along the first 8 km of the Hartbeesspruit, which contains multiple land use types, in the upper Apies-Pienaar catchment in Gauteng, South Africa. Five sampling sites corresponding to changes in land use were sampled four times at sixweek intervals from September 2013 to February 2014. Influential variables that were recorded included in-stream habitat, riparian cover, flow regime and surface water quality parameters. Physical surface water parameters that were tested in situ included pH, salinity, total dissolved solutes, temperature, clarity and conductivity. Ex situ surface water parameters that were tested included physical parameters (alkalinity and turbidity), chemical parameters (major ions, metal ions and nutrients), and biological parameters (bacteria, coliforms and Escherichia coli). Macroinvertebrates were sampled using Hester-Dendy artificial samplers, which, following a 6 week
Implementation of Various Imaging Modalities in the Diagnosis of Hepatic Cystic Lesions

Background: Hepatic cysts (HCs) lesions are common in clinical practice. These lesions can be benign and have no clinical significance, or they can be malignant and potentially fatal. Aim: The current manuscript aimed to assess HCs with varying image modalities and the prevalence of it among gender as well as link the HCs with age, in the two main governmental hospitals in Taif city. Materials and methods: 100 confirmed diagnosed HCs were retrieved from period of 2020 to 2023, through picture archiving and communication system (PACs), they divided into groups according to gender and age, as well as dividing cysts according to their radiographic appearances Microsoft Excel was used to analyzed the data achieved. Results: The older age more than 46 years and female are more exposed to HCs than male and younger age respectively. The HCs types, appearances, classification and characterization in each image modality are tabulated in specific tables. While simple cysts were benign, complicated cysts, appeared as echinococcosis, and cystic neoplasms that, require early and accurate diagnosis. Conclusion: The findings of current study matched the findings of previous studies. More studies are required in the highlights of current findings.
Intrusion Detection for Wireless Sensor Network Using Graph Neural Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are rapidly employed in many applications due to highly demanded autonomous systems. These networks are of immense importance due to their ability to collect data from remote and challenging environments, their impact on various sectors like healthcare, agriculture, industry, environment, and their role in enabling smart technologies for a sustainable, secure, and connected future. Nevertheless, these systems can be attacked by adversaries. Usually, the WSNs are designed with lightweight sensor nodes with limited computation and memory resources. Therefore, employing a firewall system on every sensor node is unacceptable. This paper tackled this problem with a very lightweight Graph Neural Network-based model. The conducted experiment performed in this work demonstrates promising attack-type detection by our proposed approach to the WSN-DS dataset. In this article, our proposed method is compared with other the-state-of-the-art works, and we could discover all Blackhole attacks, one of the most common Denial-of-Service attacks.