Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wearable-Measured Sleep and Resting Heart Rate Variability as an Outcome of and Predictor for Subjective Stress Measures: A Multiple N-of-1 Observational Study

The effects of stress may be alleviated when its impact or a decreased stress-resilience are detected early. This study explores whether wearable-measured sleep and resting HRV in police officers can be predicted by stress-related Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) measures in preceding days and predict stress-related EMA outcomes in subsequent days. Eight police officers used an Oura ring to collect daily Total Sleep Time (TST) and resting Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and an EMA app for measuring demands, stress, mental exhaustion, and vigor during 15–55 weeks. Vector Autoregression (VAR) models were created and complemented by Granger causation tests and Impulse Response Function visualizations. Demands negatively predicted TST and HRV in one participant. TST negatively predicted demands, stress, and mental exhaustion in two, three, and five participants, respectively, and positively predicted vigor in five participants. HRV negatively predicted demands in two participants, and stress and mental exhaustion in one participant. Changes in HRV lasted longer than those in TST. Bidirectional associations of TST and resting HRV with stress-related outcomes were observed at a weak-to-moderate strength, but not consistently across participants. TST and resting HRV are more consistent predictors of stress-resilience in upcoming days than indicators of stress-related measures in prior days.
Electron-impact study of formaldehyde using the R-matrix method

The R-matrix method, involving eight target states in the close-coupling formalism, is used to calculate elastic integral, differential and momentum transfer cross sections for electron impact on the formaldehyde molecule. We have also obtained the excitation cross sections for the seven lowest-lying electronically excited states which have symmetries 1 3A1, 1 1,3A2, 1 1,3B1 and 1 1,3B2. Their vertical excitation energies from the equilibrium geometry of the ground state X 1A1 lie in the range 3.58–9.99 eV. Configuration interaction (CI) wavefunctions are used to represent the target states. In our CI model, we keep the six core electrons frozen in doubly occupied molecular orbitals 1a1, 2a1 and 3a1. The complete active space consists of ten valence electrons that are allowed to move freely among the eight molecular orbitals: 4a1, 5a1, 6a1, 1b1, 2b1, 1b2, 2b2 and 3b2. In this CI model, we obtain good agreement of the dipole moment of the ground state with the experimental value, and a good representation of the vertical excitation spectrum of the excited states included in our calculation. We have also investigated the electron impact rotationally elastic and rotationally excitation transitions for the ground state for this asymmetric top molecule and obtained the rotationally resolved differential and integral cross sections for energies up to 20 eV. Our calculations do not detect any bound H2CO− states at the equilibrium geometry of the H2CO molecule. We find a shape resonance of the 2B1 symmetry with its resonance position at 1.32 eV and a corresponding resonance width of 0.546 eV at the equilibrium geometry of the molecule. This resonance provides a pathway for dissociative electron attachment when the CO bond is stretched beyond 3a0. Born correction is applied for the elastic and the dipole allowed transitions to account for higher partial waves excluded in the R-matrix calculation. We also compare R-matrix differential, partial, momentum transfer and excitation cross sections with the other work.
Preconditioning of the second‐kind boundary integral equations for 3D eddy current problems

Starting from the time‐harmonic Maxwell equations at low‐frequency eddy current approximation the H–ϕ formulation is presented. An equivalent system of boundary integral equations of the second kind on the conductor surface (resp. the conductor/dielectric) is derived. Discretizing these equations with a boundary element method (BEM) yields a block linear equation system \[ \left[\begin{array}{cc} A_{1} & B_{1} \\ \tfrac{\mu}{\mu_{0}}\tilde{B}_{2} & A_{2}\end{array} \right] \left( \begin{array}{c} j \\ \sigma \end{array} \right)=\left(\begin{array}{c} b_{1} \\ b_{2}\end{array} \right) \] with a fully populated stiffness matrix. This system is non‐symmetric and, for large μ/μ0 (of interest in practice) ill‐conditioned. Iterative solvers like GMRES converge very slowly, in general. We propose a new preconditioner which depends on μ. We present numerical results with a serial and parallel version of this preconditioner also on large industrial eddy current problems with compex geometry. The performance of preconditioned GMRES is found to be practically independent of μ/μ0. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cointegrated processes with infinite variance innovations

It is widely accepted that the Gaussian assumption is too restrictive to model either financial or some important macroeconomic variables, because their distributions exhibit asymmetry and heavy tails. In this paper we develop the asymptotic theory for econometric cointegration processes under the assumption of infinite variance innovations with different distributional tail behavior. We extend some of the results of Park and Phillips which were derived under the assumption of finite variance errors.
On the RNG theory of turbulence

The Yakhot and Orszag [J. Sci. Comput. 1, 3 (1986)] RNG theory of turbulence has generated a number of scaling law constants in reasonable quantitative agreement with experiments. The theory itself is highly mathematical, and its assumptions and approximations are not easily appreciated, particularly since several rather unconventional artifices are employed. The present paper reviews the RNG theory and recasts it in more conventional terms using a distinctly different viewpoint. A new formulation based on an alternative interpretation of the origin of the random force is presented, showing that the artificially introduced E in the original theory is an adjustable parameter, thus offering a plausible explanation for the remarkable record of quantitative success of the so‐called E‐expansion procedure.
The Stability of Three Indices of Relative Variable Contribution in Discriminant Analysis

An empirical comparison is made of three proposed indices of relative predictor variable contribution: (1) the scaled weights of the first discriminant function; (2) the total group estimates of the correlations between each predictor variable and the first function; and (3) the within-groups estimates of the correlations between each predictor variable and the first function. It was found that given a single run of an experiment, none of the indices was sufficiently reliable in identifying the rank-order of the variables except possibly when the total sample size was very large.
The measurement of surface crack inclination in metals using AC electric fields

The AC potential drop technique is widely used in non-destructive testing for sizing surface-breaking cracks in metals but, in order to find the through-thickness penetration of a crack, its inclination to the surface is needed as well as its size. By modelling the electric field around an inclined crack in the extremes of both large and small skin depth, it is shown in this paper that the asymmetry in the voltage signal across the crack can be used to find the angle of inclination. Experimental results obtained from a range of metals confirm the theoretical findings.
Generalized quasiconvex mappings and vector optimization

Quasiconvexity for mappings is generalized in such a way that this notion gives the sufficiency of necessary optimality conditions such as multiplier rules. One can show that it is the weakest type of generalized convexity notions in the sense that this generalized quasiconvexity holds if certain multiplier rules are sufficient for optimality. It also yields the equivalence of local and global minima. The theory is applied to a mufti-objective programming problem and a vector approximation problem.
Periodic Nonlinear Diffusion: An Integral Relation and its Physical Consequences

A general integral relation in steady periodic nonlinear diffusion is established through a Kirchhoff transformation. The time average e of the transformed concentration e satisfies Laplace's equation and may therefore be evaluated readily. Results for e not only serve as simple and exact checks on detailed numerical solutions of the nonlinear diffusion equation but also provide, immediately and exactly, the principal information often sought about these solutions. The results are especially simple in many steady periodic nonlinear diffusion problems where the time average of the flux density is everywhere zero and i! j is constant. The method is applied to examples in fluid mechanics and geophysics: spatially periodic laminar boundary layers, tidal influence and seasonal stream effects on groundwater levels, and soil temperature waves.
The miniblazar in 3C 273

The compact core of 3C 273 has been studied for over two years using optical photometry and accurate polarimetry. A wealth of polarization behavior, including variable polarization, observed at a level of under 1 percent is described. The results indicate that 3C 273 harbors a weak continuum component having all the characteristic properties of blazars. It is predicted that other compact radio sources with low optical polarization will also be found to harbor miniblazars. The detection of variable polarization in 3C 273 strengthens the link between superluminal motion at radio wavelengths and blazar activity at optical wavelengths. 76 refs.
UV-induced photodarkening and photobleaching in UV-femtosecond-pulse-written fibre Bragg gratings

Photodarkening and photobleaching effects in the case of UV femtosecond-pulse exposure of optical fibres are investigated. We evaluate the existence of loss equilibrium states in Yb-doped and Yb-free fibres. Supposing that parasitic VIS to NIR losses induced by fibre Bragg grating (FBG) inscription can also be addressed by a photobleaching treatment, we find grating absorption remarkably reduced by a post-exposure treatment. We also present photobleaching applied directly after FBG inscription with UV femtosecond pulses to improve the wavelength and power stability of a monolithic FBG-based fibre laser as a noteworthy alternative to subsequent thermal treatment.
Laser sintering of copper nanoparticles

Copper nanoparticle (NP) inks serve as an attractive potential replacement to silver NP inks in functional printing applications. However their tendency to rapidly oxidize has so far limited their wider use. In this work we have studied the conditions for laser sintering of Cu-NP inks in ambient conditions while avoiding oxidation. We have determined the regime for stable, low-resistivity copper (< ×3 bulk resistivity value) generation in terms of laser irradiance and exposure duration and have indicated the limits on fast processing. The role of pre-drying conditions on sintering outcome has also been studied. A method, based on spectral reflectivity measurements, was used for non-contact monitoring of the sintering process evolution. It also indicates preferred spectral regions for sintering. Finally, we illustrated how selective laser sintering can generate high-quality, fine line (<5 µm wide) and dense copper circuits.
Characterizing the Annual Reproductive Cycles of Captive Male Veiled Chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) and Panther Chameleons (Furcifer pardalis)

Abstract Chameleons represent one of the most endangered groups of lizards, with most being characterized as threatened or near-threatened. Anthropogenic impacts on their native habitat are responsible for their declines. To protect these animals, we must develop functional assisted reproductive programs. However, a full understanding of their basic reproductive biology is required to develop such a program. This study represents the first attempt at characterizing the reproductive cycles of male chameleons. Sixteen veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) and 16 panther chameleons (Furcifer pardalis) being housed in captivity under static conditions were used for this study. Chameleons were anesthetized twice monthly for semen collection via electroejaculation, blood sampling to measure plasma testosterone concentrations, and ultrasonographic testicular measurements. Plasma testosterone concentrations were found to be significantly different between species (P= 0.02) and in the interaction of species and month (P= 0.04). In veiled chameleons, plasma testosterone concentrations were significantly elevated during October through December, while for panther chameleons plasma testosterone concentrations were elevated in July through September, and December. Electroejaculation success was found to be seasonal in both species. In veiled chameleons, semen collection was highest in April, May, and June, while in panther chameleons semen collection success was highest in March, April, May, and June. Median spermatozoa concentrations for veiled and panther chameleons were 6.66 and 7.52 × 107 sperm/ml, respectively. Motility was lower than expected for both veiled (median 23%) and panther chameleons (median 25%). Spermatozoa clumping was a common finding. The majority of the spermatozoa (mean 51%) were found to have normal morphology. The results of this study confirm that veiled chameleons have a prenuptial reproductive strategy, while panther chameleons have a postnuptial reproductive strategy. Additionally, this study demonstrated that chameleons can undergo repeated electroejaculations under anesthesia, twice monthly, for a year without significant mortality or clinical disease associated with the procedures.
On regular variation for infinitely divisible random vectors and additive processes

We study the tail behavior of regularly varying infinitely divisible random vectors and additive processes, i.e. stochastic processes with independent but not necessarily stationary increments. We show that the distribution of an infinitely divisible random vector is tail equivalent to its Lévy measure and we study the asymptotic decay of the probability for an additive process to hit sets far away from the origin. The results are extensions of known univariate results to the multivariate setting; we exemplify some of the difficulties that arise in the multivariate case.
Influence of Gamification and Cooperative Work in Peer, Mixed and Interdisciplinary Teams on Emotional Intelligence, Learning Strategies and Life Goals That Motivate University Students to Study

It is necessary to motivate university students to reduce the dropout rate in Spain, and to look for strategies that help university students acquire professional competencies; this is where gamification can be useful. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of a learning methodology based on gamification and cooperative work in peers, and in mixed and interdisciplinary teams on the emotional intelligence, learning strategies, and life goals that motivate university students to learn. The sample consisted of 102 students who took a subject with a gamification-based methodology, through the Mechanics-Dynamics-Aesthetics model, in a cooperative way. The Self-Perception Scale of Personal Academic Motivation and the Trait Meta Mood Scale 24 were used. The results of the study showed an increase in learning strategies and life goals that motivated university students to study, as well as increases in emotional clarity and significantly in emotional repair. It was concluded that gamification is a positive tool for its ability to increase emotional intelligence, life goals, and learning strategies in university students’ motivation to learn.
Event-based synchronisation of linear discrete-time dynamical networks

This study investigates the problem of event-based synchronisation of linear discrete-time dynamical networks. Leader-following and leaderless synchronisations are achieved by a distributed event-trigger strategy. It is shown that feedback control updating is unnecessary until an event is triggered. The combinational-state variables and the Riccati equation are used to construct a Liapunov function and to design the event-triggering conditions. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
Accuracy and efficiency in the binary star reflection effect

The geometric and irradiation heating problems for the binary star reflection effect theory are developed in terms of equipotential level surfaces and are sufficiently general so as to include eccentric orbits and nonsynchronous (even centrifugally limited) rotation and to treat multiple reflection. The requisite physics, mathematics, and logic are then presented and the computations are organized so that a given quantity is computed only as often as necessary, emphasizing the distinction between local surface quantities and aspect-related quantities. The local geometric, bolometric, and wavelength-specific quantities are grouped for storage according to how often they need to be recomputed. Some tests of a computer program based on this reflection model are given in the form of graphs in which program results are compared to a special exact case, and with results from an earlier program. The new program gives intuitively reasonable output for all tests, and the tests give an idea of how accurate the old program is, adopting the detailed reflection computations of the new program as a standard for comparison. A table is given which shows the convergence of the multiple reflection computations to a constant distribution of surface effective temperature. 11 refs.
A 267 GHz Wide Tuning Range VCO With −3.5 dBm Peak Output Power in 40-nm CMOS

This article presents a highly efficient, wide tuning range push-push voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) in the sub-terahertz frequency band. The proposed VCO adopted a novel capacitance-splitting feedback technique to achieve high oscillation frequency and output power. The frequency tuning is provided through a tunable source degeneration (TSD) network. The proposed TSD network enables a wide tuning range without substantially sacrificing output power. The proposed VCO is fabricated in a 40-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process and has a peak output power of −3.5 dBm, a center frequency of 267.2 GHz, and a continuous tuning range of 27 GHz. The VCO consumes 30 mA current from a 1.1 V dc supply, resulting in 1.35% dc-to-RF efficiency.
Growth and characterization of GaAs/InGaP heterostructure for semiconductor laser cooling

We present the growth and characterization of high quality semiconductor laser cooling material. The structure consists of GaAs passivated by InGaP which has been reported to have a longest surface recombination lifetime. GaAs was grown on 10 degree miscut GaAs substrate and sandwiched between lattice matched In0.49Ga0. 51P. This structure was grown by a low-pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system. The material was grown in the temperature range of 550 to 700 °C at 60.8 Torr. The morphology of InGaP was improved by the growth on 10 degree miscut substrate along <110> direction, which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The uninterrupted growth technique and GaP separation layer are employed to prevent the indium segregation and P/As intermixing at the interface between InGaP and GaAs. The effects of V/III ratio, growth temperature and material precursors on material impurities were also studied. The carrier lifetimes were measured using the time resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) technique at cryogenic temperatures. The experimental results show that the carrier lifetime was increased by 5 times with the use of TBA as arsenic source in place of AsH3. Recent results show a highest room temperature carrier lifetime of 2 &mgr;sec.
Treatments and Outcomes of Patients Diagnosed With Tubal Pregnancy at Wichian Buri Hospital

Background: Treatment options of tubal pregnancy include medical and surgical treatments and the outcomes is associated with an appropriate patient selection. However, the limitation of hospital resource may influence the treatment options and also outcome. Objective: To evaluate patients diagnosed with tubal pregnancy including treatment method and outcomes of treatment at Wichian Buri Hospital. Methods: Fifty-five women diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy who were treated at Wichian Buri Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 were included in the retrospective study. The clinical data was recorded. The treatment option and outcomes were collected. Results: The mean maternal age was 29 years (SD, 7.3 years). Most of the cases had no known risk factor such as the history of sexually-transmitted infection and no previous pelvic surgery. There were 38 patients (69.1%) presented with more than 1 symptom including pain and bleeding and the total of 48 patients (87.3%) reported symptom of pain. Most of the cases (63.6%) were diagnosed with unruptured ectopic pregnancy. Comparing ruptured and unruptured ectopic pregnancies, there was no statistical difference in clinical data except for the size of the adnexal mass, which was smaller in the ruptured group (P = .01). All ruptured tubal pregnancy underwent surgery which was salpingectomy. The majority of unruptured ectopic pregnancies also underwent surgical treatment (65.7%). Conclusions: The treatment of ectopic pregnancy in Wichian Buri Hospital was comparable to the standard treatment. The surgical management was the majority of treatment options that were selected regarding to the limitation. However, the outcomes were acceptable.
Spectral and bispectral characteristics of wind variability at Darwin, Australia observed by a VHF radar wind profiler

A year of wind data measured by a 50 MHz wind profiler at Darwin, Australia are analysed. The behaviour of vertical motions in the precipitation-free boundary layer is shown to be different from the free troposphere. However, these differences are not reflected in the spectral characteristics of the horizontal wind fields. There are no significant differences between the horizontal-velocity spectra above and within the mixed layer. The power spectra of the horizontal winds show little seasonal differences for the monsoon, dry and transition seasons as well as for the data set overall. The bispectral characteristics are also similar, with the strongest interactions between the lowest frequencies, and a weak self-interaction peak at low frequencies. A cross-peak in the zonal wind above 5 km is also present for frequency sums corresponding to a period of around 10 days. There are no detectable nonlinear interactions at high frequencies. The wind field is not strongly polarized except at the very lowest frequencies (i.e. seasonal changes). Thus there appears to be universality of the spectral characteristics observed despite the expected variations in the forcing in different seasons and stability regimes. These observations have interesting implications for internal-wave models and two-dimensional turbulence models of mesoscale variability
Evolution of the Blue and Far-Infrared Galaxy Luminosity Functions

The space density of blue-selected galaxies at moderate redshifts is determined here directly by deriving the luminosity function. Evidence is found for density evolution for moderate luminosity galaxies at a rate of (1+z) exp delta, with a best fit of delta + 4 +/- 2, between the current epoch and Z greater than about 0.1. At M(b) less than -22 evidence is found for about 0.5-1.5 mag of luminosity evolution in addition to the density evolution, corresponding to an evolutionary rate of about (1+z) exp gamma, with gamma = 0.5-2.5, but a redshift of about 0.4. Assuming a steeper faint end slope of alpha = -1.3 similar to that observed in the Virgo cluster, could explain the data with a luminosity evolution rate of gamma = 1-2, without need for any density evolution. Acceptable fits are found by comparing composite density and luminosity evolution models to faint IRAS 60 micron source counts, implying that the blue and far-IR evolutionary rates may be similar.