Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smith ScholarWorks Smith ScholarWorks Determinants of Erythropoietin Release in Response to Short- Determinants of Erythropoietin Release in Response to Short-Term Hypobaric Hypoxia Term Hypobaric Hypoxia

and B. Levine. Determinants of erythropoietin release in response to short-term hypobaric hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 92: 2361–2367, 2002. 2001; measured blood erythropoietin (EPO) concentration, arterial O 2 saturation (Sa O 2 ), and urine P O 2 in 48 subjects (32 men and 16 women) at sea level and after 6 and 24 h at simulated altitudes of 1,780, 2,085, 2,454, and 2,800 m. Renal blood ﬂow (Doppler) and Hb were determined at sea level and after 6 h at each altitude ( n (cid:1) 24) to calculate renal O 2 delivery. EPO increased signiﬁcantly after 6 h at all altitudes and continued to increase after 24 h at 2,454 and 2,800 m, although not at 1,780 or 2,085 m. The increase in EPO varied markedly among individuals, ranging from (cid:2) 41 to 400% after 24 h at 2,800 m. Similar to EPO, urine P O 2 decreased after 6 h at all altitudes and returned to baseline by 24 h at the two lowest altitudes but remained decreased at the two highest altitudes. Urine P O 2 was closely related to EPO via a curvilinear relationship ( r 2 (cid:1) 0.99), although also with prominent individual variability. Renal blood ﬂow remained unchanged at all altitudes. Sa O 2 decreased slightly after 6 h at the lowest altitudes but decreased more prominently at the highest altitudes. There were only modest, albeit statistically signif-icant, relationships between EPO and Sa O 2 ( r (cid:1) 0.41, P (cid:3) 0.05) and no signiﬁcant relationship with renal O 2 delivery. These data suggest that 1 ) the altitude-induced increase in EPO is “dose” dependent: altitudes (cid:1) 2,100–2,500 m appear to be a threshold for stimulating sustained EPO release in most subjects; 2 ) short-term acclimatization may restore renal tissue oxygenation and restrain the rise in EPO at the lowest altitudes; and 3 ) there is marked individual variability in the erythropoietic response to altitude that is only partially explained by “upstream” physiological factors such as those reﬂecting O 2 delivery to EPO-producing tissues. high
Diagnosis and prognosis of slow speed bearing behavior under grease starvation condition

The monitoring and diagnosis of rolling element bearings with acoustic emission and vibration measurements has evolved as one of the much used techniques for condition monitoring and diagnosis of rotating machinery. Furthermore, recent developments indicate the drive toward integration of diagnosis and prognosis algorithms in future integrated machine health management systems. With this in mind, this article is an experimental study of slow speed bearings in a starved lubricated contact. It investigates the influence of grease starvation conditions on detection and monitoring natural defect initiation and propagation using acoustic emission approach. The experiments are also aimed at a comparison of results acquired by acoustic emission and vibration diagnosis on full-scale axial bearing. In addition to this, the article concentrates on the estimation of the remaining useful life for bearings while in operation. To implement this, a multilayer artificial neural network model has been proposed to correlate the selected acoustic emission features with corresponding bearing wear throughout laboratory experiments. Experiments confirm that the obtained results were promising and selecting this appropriate signal processing technique can significantly affect the defect identification.
E VALUATING G ENERALIZATION IN GF LOW N ETS FOR M OLECULE D ESIGN

Deep learning bears promise for drug discovery problems such as de novo molecular design. Generating data to train such models is a costly and time-consuming process, given the need for wet-lab experiments or expensive simulations. This problem is compounded by the notorious data-hungriness of machine learning algorithms. In small molecule generation the recently proposed GFlowNet method has shown good performance in generating diverse high-scoring candidates, and has the interesting advantage of being an off-policy offline method. Finding an appropriate generalization evaluation metric for such models, one predictive of the desired search performance (i.e. finding high-scoring diverse candidates), will help guide online data collection for such an algorithm. In this work, we develop techniques for evaluating GFlowNet performance on a test set, and identify the most promising metric for predicting generalization. We present empirical results on several small-molecule design tasks in drug discovery, for several GFlowNet training setups, and we find a metric strongly correlated with diverse high-scoring batch generation. This metric should be used to identify the best generative model from which to sample batches of molecules to be evaluated.
Growth and Development of Lolium perenne L. 'Barbal'in Response to Different Concentrations of Paclobutrazol

It is nowadays possible to use chemical substances to retard lawns growth and it is called chemical mowing. This research was carried out to investigate this issue at College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 4 treatments along with control and 4 replications. The seeds of Lolium perenne L. were first scarified by soaking them in 50 % sulfuric acid at half an hour and then after rinsing in water and finally the seeds were put in 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg.L -1 paclobutrazol solution and shacked for 24 h. In the control treatment seeds soaked in distillated water. The seeds were then sown in pots containing soil mixture. After seed emergence and several mowing, data recording was made. The results of this study indicated that with increasing in paclobutrazol concentration, clipping fresh and dry weight, verdure and root and also seed germination were reduced and visual quality was relatively increased. Thus, due to the adverse effects of high concentration the optimal concentration (20-40 mg.L -1 ) of paclobutrazol may be recommended used as a growth retardant in lawn management.
Hospitalisation in Child Neuropsychiatry: A Case Study Along a Five-Year Epidemiological-Clinical Trend

Objective In Italy, the number of patients admitted to child and adolescent neuropsychiatry services has almost doubled in the last 10 years. Despite this significant increase in demand, there is still a paucity of literature on mental disorders in the paediatric population. Therefore, we investigated and described the clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of a sample of young Italian inpatients with psychiatric disorders. The aim was to contribute to the jet scarce literature on this topic, while also providing useful information for the clinical-care organisation of mental health services dedicated to children and adolescents. Method In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from 361 hospitalised patients aged̀ 1 to 18 who had been admitted to a Child Neuropsychiatry Unit in Northern Italy, from January 2016 to December 2020. Descriptive analyses, Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Chi-square tests were applied. Results During a five-year timeline, a higher admission rate for females was recorded, and the average age of inpatients was 13.4 years (SD = 3.01). Most of the admissions occurred through the Paediatric Emergency Department, and suicidal behaviour was the most frequent reason for admission. At discharge, affective disorders were the main diagnoses, which were also found to be the most frequent in patients with self-injurious behaviours. Non-suicidal self-injury, which was mainly reported as occurring in order to obtain relief from suffering, regarded 40.8% of the total sample. Almost half of the subjects reported suicidal ideation, and 21.1% attempted suicide. The mean hospitalisation length significantly decreased from 2016–2018 to 2019–2020. In general, patients with psychotic disorders had the longest stays. Conclusions Ad hoc diagnostic–therapeutic protocols should be developed for psychiatric emergencies, and health personnel should be adequately trained to manage acute psychiatric conditions in developmental age. Primary and secondary prevention programs should be implemented to promptly recognise and treat mental health issues in this age group.
Educational achievement and bullying: The mediating role of psychological difficulties

Abstract Background Bullying has a profound and enduring impact on academic achievement. However, there is a lack of clarity surrounding the specific mechanisms of this relationship. Aims This study examined the link between bullying at age 9 and Numeracy/Literacy achievement at age 15 to determine if this relationship is partially or fully explained by psychological difficulties at age 13. Sample Secondary data analysis was completed on waves 1, 2 and 3 of child cohort (Cohort’98) of the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study, respectively, at 9 years (N = 8568), 13 years (N = 7527) and 15 years of age (N = 6216). Results Longitudinal path mediation model was conducted with bullying at age 9 as the predictor, total (emotional and behavioural) difficulties at age 13 as the mediator and Numeracy/Literacy scores at age 15 as outcomes revealing significant indirect effects of bullying on achievement, via psychological difficulties. Conclusions We discuss the impact of bullying on the student's psychological well‐being, the relationship between bullying and academic attainment and how this may be tackled to avoid consequences throughout education and later in life. Educational Impact and Implications This study emphasizes the need for schools to address the emotional and behavioural difficulties occurring as a result of bullying in order to improve the overall educational experience of a child. Existing interventions can be built upon by focusing on the continuous remediation of such psychological difficulties.
Maize FERONIA‐like receptor genes are involved in the response of multiple disease resistance in maize

Abstract Receptor‐like kinases (RLKs) are key modulators of diverse cellular processes such as development and sensing the extracellular environment. FERONIA, a member of the CrRLK1L subfamily, acts as a pleiotropic regulator of plant immune responses, but little is known about how maize FERONIA‐like receptors (FLRs) function in responding to the major foliar diseases of maize such as northern corn leaf blight (NLB), northern corn leaf spot (NLS), anthracnose stalk rot (ASR), and southern corn leaf blight (SLB). Here, we identified three ZmFLR homologous proteins that showed cell membrane localization. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana proved that ZmFLRs were capable of inducing cell death. To investigate the role of ZmFLRs in maize, we used virus‐induced gene silencing to knock down expression of ZmFLR1/2 and ZmFLR3 resulting in reduced reactive oxygen species production induced by flg22 and chitin. The resistance of maize to NLB, NLS, ASR, and SLB was also reduced in the ZmFLRs knockdown maize plants. These results indicate that ZmFLRs are positively involved in broad‐spectrum disease resistance in maize.
Muscle mass and estimates of renal function: a longitudinal cohort study

Creatinine is the most widely used test to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), but muscle mass as key determinant of creatinine next to renal function may confound such estimates. We explored effects of 24‐h height‐indexed creatinine excretion rate (CER index) on GFR estimated with creatinine (eGFRCr), muscle mass‐independent cystatin C (eGFRCys), and the combination of creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRCr‐Cys) and predicted probabilities of discordant classification given age, sex, and CER index.
The effect of acute intradermal administration of ascorbate on heat loss responses in older adults with uncomplicated controlled hypertension

What is the central question of this study? Does acute intradermal administration of the antioxidant ascorbate augment local forearm cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating via nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐dependent mechanisms during exercise‐heat stress in older adults with uncomplicated controlled hypertension? What is the main finding and its importance? Relative to the control site, ascorbate had no effect on forearm cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate, although CVC was reduced with NOS inhibition in older adults with hypertension. Acute local administration of ascorbate to forearm skin does not modulate heat loss responses during exercise‐heat stress in older adults with hypertension.
Neural Activation in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Precedes Conscious Experience of Being in or out of a Transient Hallucinatory State

Abstract Background and Hypotheses Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) is not only a common symptom in schizophrenia but also observed in individuals in the general population. Despite extensive research, AVHs are poorly understood, especially their underlying neuronal architecture. Neuroimaging methods have been used to identify brain areas and networks that are activated during hallucinations. A characteristic feature of AVHs is, however, that they fluctuate over time, with varying frequencies of starts and stops. An unanswered question is, therefore, what neuronal events co-occur with the initiation and inhibition of an AVH episode. Study Design We investigated brain activation with fMRI in 66 individuals who experienced multiple AVH-episodes while in the scanner. We extracted time-series fMRI-data and monitored changes second-by-second from 10 s before to 15 s after participants indicated the start and stop of an episode, respectively, by pressing a hand-held response-button. Study Results We found a region in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) which showed a significant increase in activation initiated a few seconds before participants indicated the start of an episode, and a corresponding decrease in activation initiated a few seconds before the end of an episode. Conclusions The consistent increase and decrease in activation in this area in advance of the consciously experienced presence or absence of the “voice” imply that this region may act as a switch in turning episodes on and off. The activation is unlikely to be confounded by motor responses. The findings could have clinical implications for brain stimulation treatments, like transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Cumulative corticosteroid-sparing effect of anti-interleukin-5/5Ra in eosinophilic asthma

Background Anti-interleukin (IL)-5/IL-5 receptor α (IL-5Ra) therapy has been shown to reduce maintenance oral corticosteroid (OCS) dose in severe eosinophilic asthma. However, the effect on cumulative OCS exposure is currently unknown. Neither is it known how prior OCS exposure affects response to anti-IL-5/5Ra treatment. We aimed primarily to compare the cumulative OCS exposure over a 2-year period before and after anti-IL-5/5Ra initiation, and secondarily to investigate whether duration and cumulative OCS exposure prior to anti-IL-5/5Ra influence the ability to discontinue OCS within 2 years of anti-IL-5/5Ra therapy. Methods This real-world nationwide observational registry-based study evaluated all dispensed OCS from 389 adults with severe eosinophilic asthma included in the Dutch Severe Asthma Registry (RAPSODI) 2 years before and 2 years after initiating anti-IL-5/5Ra. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and multivariable regression analyses were used. Results Median (interquartile range) cumulative OCS exposure in the 2 years before and after anti-IL-5/5Ra initiation decreased from 2.715 (1.150–5.539) to 1.050 (0.300–3.640) g (p<0.001). 52% of patients were able to discontinue OCS within 2 years after anti-IL-5/5Ra therapy, which was independently predicted by lower and shorter prior OCS exposure. Conclusions This real-world study showed that anti-IL-5/5Ra therapy leads to a significant reduction in cumulative OCS exposure over a 2-year period. Patients with lower and shorter OCS exposure were more likely to completely eliminate OCS. Since cumulative exposure increased progressively prior to anti-IL-5/5Ra initiation, our data suggest that early intervention leads to a better long-term prognosis in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Anti-IL-5/5Ra therapy leads to a reduction in cumulative oral corticosteroid exposure over a 2-year period. This study suggests that early anti-IL-5/5Ra intervention leads to a better long-term prognosis in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. https://bit.ly/3jzVGqw
Genetic divergence along a climate gradient shapes chemical plasticity of a foundation tree species to both changing climate and herbivore damage

Climate change is threatening the persistence of many tree species via independent and interactive effects on abiotic and biotic conditions. In addition, changes in temperature, precipitation, and insect attacks can alter the traits of these trees, disrupting communities and ecosystems. For foundation species such as Populus, phytochemical traits are key mechanisms linking trees with their environment and are likely jointly determined by interactive effects of genetic divergence and variable environments throughout their geographic range. Using reciprocal Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) common gardens along a steep climatic gradient, we explored how environment (garden climate and simulated herbivore damage) and genetics (tree provenance and genotype) affect both foliar chemical traits and the plasticity of these traits. We found that (1) Constitutive and plastic chemical responses to changes in garden climate and damage varied among defense compounds, structural compounds, and leaf nitrogen. (2) For both defense and structural compounds, plastic responses to different garden climates depended on the climate in which a population or genotype originated. Specifically, trees originating from cool provenances showed higher defense plasticity in response to climate changes than trees from warmer provenances. (3) Trees from cool provenances growing in cool garden conditions expressed the lowest constitutive defense levels but the strongest induced (plastic) defenses in response to damage. (4) The combination of hot garden conditions and simulated herbivory switched the strategy used by these genotypes, increasing constitutive defenses but erasing the capacity for induction after damage. Because Fremont cottonwood chemistry plays a major role in shaping riparian communities and ecosystems, the effects of changes in phytochemical traits can be wide reaching. As the southwestern US is confronted with warming temperatures and insect outbreaks, these results improve our capacity to predict ecosystem consequences of climate change and inform selection of tree genotypes for conservation and restoration purposes.
Diode laser‐assisted transcanal endoscopic removal of an aural polyp in the external auditory canal of a dog

Abstract Background In humans, aural polyps comprise fibrovascular tissue covered by the respiratory epithelium. Aural polyps with ciliated epithelium are common in cats but are rarely reported in dogs. In a previous case, a mass filled the tympanic cavity alone, and it was surgically removed. Objectives To report a case of a canine aural polyp with ciliated epithelium extending from the dorsal tympanic cavity to the external auditory canal with detailed otological features and to demonstrate the usefulness of the transcanal endoscopic procedure (TEP) with a diode laser as a less‐invasive therapy. Methods A 12‐year‐old castrated male Cavalier King Charles Spaniel presented with a 6‐month history of unilateral chronic otorrhoea. Video‐otoscope examination revealed a protruding, reddish and soft‐to‐rubbery round mass in the right horizontal ear canal. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging further revealed a smooth mass extending from the dorsal portion of the tympanic cavity into the horizontal part of the external auditory canal. However, it showed no lesions in the dorsal tympanic cavity. Results The mass was removed using aural forceps by a traction‐torsion manoeuvre. The suspected base of the mass on the caudal side of the upper tympanic cavity was confirmed by a rigid scope, and it was completely vaporised with a diode laser. Histopathology revealed foci of columnar ciliated epithelium embedded in the connective tissue encapsulated by stratified squamous epithelium. No recurrence was observed at 3 years and 8 months. Conclusion We describe a rare case of an aural polyp with ciliated epithelium extending from the upper‐middle ear to the external auditory canal in a dog. The TEP using a diode laser may be a useful minimally invasive treatment option for managing external auditory canal polyps.
Lichenoid areas may arise in early stages of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A long‐term study of 34 patients

Abstract Background Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is considered an uncommon oral potentially malignant disorder with a high malignant transformation rate. The objective of this paper was to define its cancer incidence and related risk factors. Methods A retrospective audit of 34 patients diagnosed with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia from a university‐based unit, during the period from 1995 to 2019 was performed. The mean number of visits was 23 ± 18.6. The follow‐up was divided into four‐time intervals to evaluate the clinical presentation, number of lesions, dysplasia grade, and malignant transformation rate. Results The majority of patients were females 29 (85.3%), with verrucous component (77.8%), with a gingival presentation (31.8%), and with a preceding lichenoid area (44.1%). Eleven patients (32.4%) were affected by oral cancer during the follow‐up, developing a total of 15 carcinomas. The mean age of malignant transformation was 67.2 ± 12.9 years, particularly 8 ± 8.5 from the onset of the lesions. Warty forms presented a higher mean estimate for malignant transformation (15.2 years, 95% confidence interval 4.4–26 years) than nodular forms (1.9 years, 95% confidence interval 1.9–1.9) (p = 0.019). Patients with an initial proliferative verrucous leukoplakia diagnosis suffered a higher risk of malignancy, particularly 15.55 times (95% confidence interval 1.69–143.17; p = 0.015) than those who did present a preceding area with lichenoid morphology. Conclusion Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia presented a high malignant transformation rate and sometimes displayed preceding oral lichenoid areas in early stages. Further studies are needed to understand the impact of these lichenoid areas in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia progression.