Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN ANTARA POLA ASUH OTORITER DENGAN SELF-EFFICACY PADA MAHASISWA YANG SEDANG MENYELESAIKAN DI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM SULTAN AGUNG SEMARANG

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara empirik hubugan antara pola asuh otoriter dengan efikasi diri pada mahasiswa yang sedang menyelesaikan skripsi. Penelitian ini mengkorelasikan dua variabel, yaitu variabel pola asuh otoriter dengan variabel Self-efficacy. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan dua skala; yaitu skala pola asuh otoriter yang terdiri dari 26 item dengan daya beda berkisar antara 0,314 – 0,649 dengan estimasi reliabilitas sebesar 0,896, dan skala Self-efficacy yang terdiri dari 28 dengan daya beda berkisar antara 0,305 – 0,688 dengan estimasi reliabitas 0,849. Mahasiswa unissula yang sedang menyelesaikan skripsi diambil sebagai populasi dalam penelitian ini, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 123 mahasiswa yang diambil secara simpel random sampling. Korelasi produck moment digunakan untuk menguji data, dan diperoleh nilai rxy sebesar -0,340 dalam taraf signifikansi 0,000 (p<0,01), yang artinya ada hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara pola asuh otoriter dengan Self-efficacy, ini berarti hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini diterima. Variabel pola asuh otoriter memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 11,6% terhadap variabel efikasi diri, 88,4% sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini.
PRODUCT INHIBITION OF WHEY LACTOSE HYDROLYSIS

In the present study, glucose and galactose inhibition effects for β-galactosidase hydrolyzing lactose recovered from whey were investigated. The experiments were carried out in 250 mL of 25 mM phosphate buffer solution containing 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 6% (w/v) lactose recovered from whey by using a commercial β-galactosidase produced from Kluyveromyces marxianus lactis at a constant temperature of 37°C, pH 6.5, and enzyme concentration of 1 mL/L, in a batch reactor system. The amounts of glucose and galactose added to the reaction solution were 6.25, 12.5, and 25 g/L. A second-order kinetic expression effectively simulated the data of residual lactose concentration with respect to processing time for each experimental condition examined. The Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that the inhibition effects of glucose and galactose were uncompetitive. The inhibition constants (Ki) obtained for glucose and galactose (10.32 g/L and 13.03 g/L, respectively) showed that the glucose was the most effective inhibitor for β-galactosidase.
Isopleth Sections of the Systems: Commercial Multi-alkane Product— n -Eicosane or n -Pentacontane

Abstract This paper displays recent works relative to the effect on structural state and thermodynamic properties of n-alkanes added to a commercial multi-n-alkane product. The G.P.C. and X-ray diffraction analyses have shown on one hand that the n-alkanes molar concentration distribution is of “normal logarithmic” type and on the other hand that this wax forms a single solid solution of orthorhombic structure, isostructural to the intermediate phase previously characterized with the binary and ternary n-alkane mixtures. Pure components (n-eicosane or n-pentacontane) have been added to the wax and the molecular alloys resulting were examined by means of X-ray diffraction (at various temperatures) and by Differential Thermal Analysis. Compilation of the results led to the proposal of the isopleth sections of both the systems: n-eicosane/commercial product and commercial product/n-pentacontane. In the first system, the crystallization is of eutectic type while in the second, it is of peritectic type. Nevertheless, whatever the diagram, no intermediate solid solution was observed, in fact both the phases characteristic of the component coexist in a large concentration domain. Thus, several invariant transformation are proposed in order to respect the law of adjoining phase regions.
Influence of Particle Size and Density on Particulate Passage Through Alimentary Tract of Holstein Heifers

Abstract Rate of passage and marker recovery responses to variations in particle size and density were evaluated. Twelve Holstein heifers were fed for ad libitum consumption chopped alfalfa hay as the sole dietary ingredient. Heifers were pulse dosed with spheres of specific sizes and densities, and total fecal collections were conducted at 4-h intervals for 7 d. Sphere sizes and densities were . 32, . 64, 1.27 cm; . 91, 1.34, and 2.30 g/ml. Fecal marker recoveries for . 32, . 64, 1.27-cm sizes and . 91, 1.34, 2.30-g/ml densities were 43, 30, 29, 11, 76, and 15%, respectively. Alimentary tract mean retention times of the 1.34 g/ml spheres of . 32, . 64, and 1.27-cm sizes were 48, 38, and 66 h, respectively. Particle size and density influenced marker recovery and passage estimates. The magnitude of response to alterations in density was greater than that for particle size. Results indicate that particle density and particle size are important factors affecting passage through the alimentary tracts of Holstein heifers.
Non-isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Biobased Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) Synthesized via the Direct Esterification Process

Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) is an emergent biobased polyester whose chemical structure is analogous to poly(ethylene terephthalate). Pilot-scale PEF is synthesized through the direct esterifi cation process from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and bio-ethylene glycol. Wideangle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements reveal similar crystallinities and unit cell structures for melt-crystallized and glass-crystallized samples. The non-isothermal crystallization of PEF sample is investigated by means of DSC experiments both from the glass and the melt. The temperature dependence of the effective activation energy of the growth rate is obtained from these data, and the results show that the glass and early stage of the melt crystallization share common dynamics. Hoffman–Lauritzen parameters and the temperature at maximum crystallization rate are evaluated. It is found that the melt-crystallization kinetics undergo a transition from regime I to II; however, the crystal growth rate from the melt shows an atypical depression at T < 171 °C compared with the predicted Hoffman–Lauritzen theory.
Computational Modelling of EEG and fMRI Paradigms Reveals a Consistent Loss of Pyramidal Cell Synaptic Gain in Schizophrenia

Diminished synaptic gain - the sensitivity of postsynaptic responses to neural inputs - may be a fundamental synaptic pathology in schizophrenia. Evidence for this is indirect, however. Furthermore, it is unclear whether pyramidal cells or interneurons (or both) are affected, or how these deficits relate to symptoms. Participants with schizophrenia (Scz, n=108), their relatives (n=57), and controls (n=107) underwent three electroencephalography paradigms - resting, mismatch negativity, and 40 Hz auditory steady-state response - and resting functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dynamic causal modelling was used to quantify synaptic connectivity in cortical microcircuits. Across all four paradigms, characteristic Scz data features were best explained by models with greater self-inhibition (decreased synaptic gain), in pyramidal cells. Furthermore, disinhibition in auditory areas predicted abnormal auditory perception (and positive symptoms) in Scz, in three paradigms. Thus, psychotic symptoms of Scz may result from a downregulation of inhibitory interneurons that may compensate for diminished postsynaptic gain in pyramidal cells.
Epidemiological Differences in the Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States and China

Background: The objective of this study was to forecast the impact of COVID-19 vaccination in the United States (US) and China, two countries at different epidemic phases. Methods: A mathematical model describing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and disease progression was used to investigate vaccine impact. Impact was assessed both for a vaccine that prevents infection (VEs = 95%) and a vaccine that prevents only disease (VEp = 95%). Results: For VEs = 95% and gradual easing of restrictions, vaccination in the US reduced the peak incidence of infection, disease, and death by >55% and cumulative incidence by >32%, and in China by >77% and >65%, respectively. Nearly three vaccinations were needed to avert one infection in the US, but only one was needed in China. For VEp = 95%, benefits of vaccination were half those for VEs = 95%. In both countries, the impact of vaccination was substantially enhanced with rapid scale-up, vaccine coverage >50%, and slower or no easing of restrictions, particularly in the US. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination can flatten, delay, and/or prevent future epidemic waves. However, vaccine impact is destined to be heterogeneous across countries because of an underlying epidemiologic inequity that reduces benefits for countries already at high incidence, such as the US. Despite 95% efficacy, actual vaccine impact could be meager in such countries, if vaccine scale-up is slow, acceptance of the vaccine is poor, or restrictions are eased prematurely.
A Bayesian approach to estimating the population prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders using multiple measures

Abstract Aims There is currently no universally accepted measure for population-based surveillance of mood and anxiety disorders. As such, the use of multiple linked measures could provide a more accurate estimate of population prevalence. Our primary objective was to apply Bayesian methods to two commonly employed population measures of mood and anxiety disorders to make inferences regarding the population prevalence and measurement properties of a combined measure. Methods We used data from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey – Mental Health linked to health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. Structured interview diagnoses were obtained from the survey, and health administrative diagnoses were identified using a standardised algorithm. These two prevalence estimates, in addition to data on the concordance between these measures and prior estimates of their psychometric properties, were used to inform our combined estimate. The marginal posterior densities of all parameters were estimated using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC), a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique. Summaries of posterior distributions, including the means and 95% equally tailed posterior credible intervals, were used for interpretation of the results. Results The combined prevalence mean was 8.6%, with a credible interval of 6.8–10.6%. This combined estimate sits between Bayesian-derived prevalence estimates from administrative data-derived diagnoses (mean = 7.4%) and the survey-derived diagnoses (mean = 13.9%). The results of our sensitivity analysis suggest that varying the specificity of the survey-derived measure has an appreciable impact on the combined posterior prevalence estimate. Our combined posterior prevalence estimate remained stable when varying other prior information. We detected no problematic HMC behaviour, and our posterior predictive checks suggest that our model can reliably recreate our data. Conclusions Accurate population-based estimates of disease are the cornerstone of health service planning and resource allocation. As a greater number of linked population data sources become available, so too does the opportunity for researchers to fully capitalise on the data. The true population prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders may reside between estimates obtained from survey data and health administrative data. We have demonstrated how the use of Bayesian approaches may provide a more informed and accurate estimate of mood and anxiety disorders in the population. This work provides a blueprint for future population-based estimates of disease using linked health data.
Perceived role of hot food in the pathogenesis of oesophageal cancer: a qualitative study in the Arsi Zone, Oromia, Central Ethiopia

Abstract Observational studies in Ethiopia have identified a positive association between hot wheat porridge consumption and oesophageal carcinoma. However, a single dietary intake cannot be a sufficient predictor of cancer among populations that have diverse dietary practices. The present study was carried out to explore the community's perspectives on the role of hot foods in the pathogenesis of oesophageal cancer in Ethiopia. Focus group discussions were conducted from May to August 2019 among purposefully selected 112 participants. Data were collected by using open-ended questions; memo writing, audio recordings and photo pictures. All tape-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and inductively coded using Atlas.ti Version 7.0. 71 software. Finally, the analysis was performed according to the standard thematic framework analysis techniques. The finding showed that hot foods (porridge, coffee and soup) consumption patterns were perceived as the principal dietary risk of oesophageal cancer. Cooking in unventilated rooms, monotonous cereal-based foods, poor vegetable, and fruit intake, not taking milk with porridge, eating fast, swallowing large bolus of hot porridge and exposure to carcinogens in foods were regarded as predisposing dietary practices to oesophageal carcinoma. Socio-demographic, economic and cultural backgrounds were reported as the underlying risk factors associated with oesophageal cancer. There was a strong perception within the community that oesophageal cancer is linked to several but sequentially interlinked dietary and related practices. Cumulative thermal injuries from the consumptions of hot food could be the immediate dietary risk factors associated with increased risk of oesophageal cancer.
Discrete element method–computational fluid dynamics analyses of flexible fibre fluidization

Abstract Gas-fluidized beds of flexible fibres, which have been rarely studied before, are investigated in this work using the coupled approach of the discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics. In the present numerical method, gas–fibre interaction is modelled by calculating the interaction force for each constituent element in the fibre, and the composition of the interaction forces on the constituent elements generates a resultant hydrodynamic force and a resultant hydrodynamic torque on the fibre. Pressure drops and fibre orientation results from the present simulations with various fibre aspect ratios are in good agreement with previous experimental and simulation results. Some novel results are obtained for the effects of fibre flexibility. Larger hydrodynamic forces on fibres (before the bed is fluidized) and smaller minimum fluidization velocities (MFVs) are observed for more flexible fibre beds due to the smaller porosities, while smaller hydrodynamic forces are obtained for the more flexible fibres when the beds are fluidized with significant fibre motion. By scaling the superficial gas velocity using the MFVs, the data of pressure drop can collapse onto the Ergun correlation for stiff fibres of various aspect ratios; however, the pressure drop curves deviate from the Ergun correlation for very flexible fibres, due to the significant fibre bed expansion before the MFV is reached. The fibre aspect ratio and flexibility both have an impact on the solids mixing rate, and it is found that the solids mixing rates are essentially determined by the ratio of the superficial gas velocity to MFV.
Mental health and caregiving experiences of family carers supporting people with psychosis

Abstract Aims Family carers supporting an individual with psychosis often experience poorer mental health, however, little is known about specific risk factors among these carers. We investigated the associations between demographic, caregiving characteristics and mental health outcomes in family carers supporting an individual with psychosis and compared carers' outcomes with general population norms. Methods We analysed baseline data from the COPe-support randomised controlled trial of online psychoeducation and peer support for adult carers supporting an individual with psychosis between 2018 and 2020. We collected carers' demographic and health outcome data, including wellbeing using Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS as primary outcome), quality of life using EQ-5D-5L and caregiving experience assessed with Experience of Caregiving Inventory. We tested associations between carers' demographic and caregiving characteristics for each outcome in turn and meta-analysed carers' WEMWBS and EQ-5D-5L with Health Survey England (HSE) general population data from 2016 and 2017, respectively. Results The 407 carers of people with psychosis had a mean WEMWBS score of 42.2 (s.d. 9.21) and their overall weighted pooled WEMWBS score was 7.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) −8.6 to −6.0, p < 0.01) lower than the HSE general population sample, indicating carers have poorer mental wellbeing by more than double the minimum clinically important difference of 3 points on WEMWBS. Among all caring relationships, partners had poorer wellbeing compared to parents with lower WEMWBS score (−6.8, −16.9 to 3.3, p = 0.03). Single carers had significantly poorer wellbeing (−3.6, −5.6 to −1.5, p < 0.01) and a more negative caregiving experience than those who were cohabiting. Spending more than 35 h per week caregiving increased carers' negative experience significantly (p = 0.01). Conclusion Carers of people with psychosis have poorer mental health than non-carers. Partners, lone carers and those spending more than 35 h per week on caring were found to be most at risk of poor mental health. Based on the results, we advocate that the details of carers for individuals with psychosis should be added to the existing carers or severe mental illness registers at all general practitioner surgeries and for their wellbeing screened routinely. Future large-scale prospective studies are needed to develop a predictive model to determine risk factors, hence to aid early identification of carers' support needs. Such understandings are also useful to inform tailored intervention development.
Flow criticality governs leading-edge-vortex initiation on finite wings in unsteady flow

Abstract Leading-edge-vortex (LEV) formation often characterizes the unsteady flows past airfoils and wings. Recent research showed that initiation of LEV formation on airfoils in two-dimensional flow is closely tied to the criticality of the so-called leading-edge suction parameter (LESP). To characterize the LEV initiation on wings in three-dimensional flow, a large set of pitching wings was studied using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computations (computational fluid dynamics, CFD). The CFD results showed that the pitch angle and spanwise location for LEV initiation varied widely between the different wings. The same cases were also analysed using an unsteady vortex-lattice method (UVLM), which assumes attached flow. Low-order prediction of LEV initiation is assumed to occur at the pitch angle when the UVLM-calculated LESP at any point on the wing span first becomes equal to the pre-determined critical LESP for the airfoil. For all the cases, the predicted pitch angles and spanwise locations for LEV initiation from the low-order method agreed excellently with the corresponding CFD predictions. These observations show that LEV initiation on finite wings is governed by criticality of leading-edge suction, enabling the prediction of LEV initiation on an unsteady finite wing using attached-flow wing theory and the critical LESP values for the airfoil sections.
Catalytic pyrolysis of a coal tar in a fixed-bed reactor

The product yields from cracking a bituminous coal tar in a fixed-bed reactor were determined at various temperatures in the presence and absence of various packing materials. Some synthetic and natural zeolites showed strong catalytic activity, but those with small pore diameters were much less active. Linde zeolite LZ-Y82 was very effective in converting tar to chars and gases in the temperature range 400-500 C. Among the factors involved for catalytic effectiveness are: an effective pore size >0.7 nm; a large internal surface accessible to the tar vapor; and a large number of strongly acidic sites.
A study on the cadmium removal from aqueous solutions by zinc cementation

The cementation of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions on zinc powder was studied as a function of solution pH and temperature, amount of zinc, concentration of cadmium ion, contact time, and the addition of several organic compounds, including surfactant and chelating agent. Cementation of cadmium was shown to be a feasible treatment process to achieve a high degree of cadmium removal within a fairly reasonable contact time. The deposition of cadmium and zinc consumption are highly dependent on solution pH conditions and is most practically operated at weak acidic conditions of pH 4–5. The reaction rate is approximately first order with respect to both the amount of zinc and the concentration of cadmium ion. Among the surfactants used in this study, only the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, an anionic surfactant, noticeably enhanced the cementation rate of cadmium by zinc powder. The presence of ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in aqueous solutions inhibited the removal of cadmium by zinc due to the possible formation of Cd–EDTA chelates, which possess higher redox potential than that of free cadmium ions.
Essential Oil Composition From Leaves and Fruits of Piper divaricatum G. Mey.

Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oils from leaves and fruits of Piper divaricatum G. Mey. , collected in August 2005 and September 2006, was analyzed by GC/MS and GC-FID. Twenty-six components, representing more than 94.0% of the chemical compositions of the oils, were identified. Both oils showed higher concentrations of monoterpenoids, particularly the oils from leaves (74.2–81.1%). The oils showed some compositional similarities but the fruit oil could be easily distinguished from the leaf oil by the exclusive presence of α-phellandrene (4.6–10.0%) and significant content of β-caryophyllene (9.0–11.4%). The major constituents of the leaf oils were linalool (23.4–29.7%), β-pinene (19.9–25.3%) and α-pinene (9.0–18.8%), while the fruit oils contained β-pinene (18.0–12.0%), α-pinene (6.3–17.6%) and β-caryophyllene (9.0–11.4%) as prevalent compounds.