Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Declined Trend of Malaria over a Ten-year Period in the Rural East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia: A Medical Record Analysis

BACKGROUND: Malaria still remains a major public health problem globally including in Indonesia. At present, most of malaria cases are in the eastern part of the country. However, there is no information yet regarding the trends of malaria prevalence at rural health institution particularly at Mangili Public Health Centre. AIM: This study aims to explore the trend of malaria prevalence over a 10-year period. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in the center. The laboratory record books from January 2013 to December 2022 were carefully reviewed to identify malaria cases based on the sex, age, type of Plasmodium, year, and month when the patients diagnosed malaria microscopically. The trend analysis was applied to identify the trend of malaria over the period under review. RESULTS: Over the past 10 years, 19,938 blood films were requested for malaria diagnosis at the health center. From this number, 3.679 (18.5%, with 95% confidence interval (CI): 17.2–19.7) were microscopically confirmed malaria cases. From the total cases, prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), vivax and mix infection was 85.5% with 95% CI: 84.3–86.8; 6.39% with 95% CI: 3.26–9.51; and 7.58% with 95% CI: 4.48–10.7, respectively. The number of malaria cases reached a peak in January, while it was the lowest in October. Overall trend on the prevalence of malaria decreased significantly; however, the prevalence of Pf increased considerably during COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of Pf, vivax, and mixed infection was higher in male, age group ≥ 15, and student than their counterpart. CONCLUSION: Malaria remains high in this area with Pf that is the dominant species followed by mixed infection. Scaling up malaria control and prevention activities is very crucial to significantly reduce the burden of malaria and to boost malaria elimination in this region.
The implication of practising blended learning, and conventional learning towards student's achievement and attitude

This study aimed to use an appropriate learning method that can improve the achievement and attitudes of pupils from primary schools for Mathematics subjects. The type of this research was a quasi-experimental time-series design. The treatment group (n = 40) used blended learning (Moodle), while the control group (n = 40) used conventional teaching. The research instruments used were pre-Test, Test 1, Test 2, post-Test, and attitude questionnaire and interviews. The data analysis approach was evaluated using a one-way ANOVA to determine the differences between the experimental and control groups. The study found a statistically significant difference at p<0.05 level between the two strategies. The findings of the study showed that blended learning has successfully improved pupils' achievement. The findings also showed improvement in pupils’ attitudes in the blended learning. The study findings through interviews also showed that pupils prefer blended learning to make mathematics easier to understand. In conclusion, pupils in the blended learning class outperformed those in conventional classes.
Mountain pine beetles: A century of knowledge, control attempts, and impacts central to the Black Hills

This publication chronicles the understanding, controlling, and impacts of mountain pine beetles (MPB) central to the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming from the time they were described by Hopkins in 1902, through the presentation of data from work started by Schmid and Mata in 1985. The plots established by these two men from 1985 through 1994 were subjected to the most intense MPB stress to occur since 1900 in the Black Hills. The differentiation of western bark beetle species is discussed and how the final species designations of MPBs and western pine beetles (WPB) came about. The life cycle of MPBs is described and how it was used to develop direct control strategies. Bark beetles carry from tree to tree with them a suite of mites, fungi, nematodes, bacteria, and other organisms that can be both antagonistic and beneficial to the bark beetle and several of these contribute to the death of the tree. The direct control efforts of peeling, burning, harvesting, and spraying trees with chemicals to kill WPBs and MPBs are described. Both Crater Lake and the Black Hills experiences to directly control MPBs are discussed. The millions of dollars that were spent to directly control both species of bark beetles were futile and indirect methods of tree and stand treatments were tried. In the Black Hills, Schmid and Mata established 46 MPB study plots, of which 39 were useable, beginning in 1985 with tree densities ranging from 44 feet2 of basal area per acre to 199 feet2 per acre. MPB-caused tree mortality commenced on some of the plots in 1985 and maximum tree densities occurring on the plots ranged from 75 feet2 of basal area per acre to 217 feet2. During this time, MPB populations within the Hills expanded and the fate of the trees on each plot is shown. Plots with densities over 150 feet2 of basal area per acre experienced major mortality as early as 1987 and all of the plots with densities of 90 feet2 of basal area per acre or greater experienced major mortality by 2010. Stands and landscapes within the Black Hills with tree densities ranging from 40 to 80 feet2 of basal area per acre showed considerable resistance to MPBs. Most likely these outcomes were related to the disruption of pheromone plumes facilitated by the open canopy conditions. However, there were exceptions to these findings currently and historically and they are discussed. This publication strives to synthesize a large portion of the information produced in the last 115 years on MPBs and provide this context for informing, planning, and executing forest treatments to produce MPB resilient forests. In addition, it tells an intriguing and fascinating story about bark beetles and the people who tried to understand and control them.
Modelling the theory of planned behaviour to evaluate the investment intention of generation Z in the speculative market: stocks, Forex and cryptocurrencies

PurposeThe current research takes a closer look at the investment intention of Generation Z and its relation to investing in a speculative market. The study applies the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to understand the dominant factors leading to Generation Z investment decisions in speculative markets. The main objective is to identify whether these decisions are learnt decisions or herd behaviours.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modelling is used to evaluate the research model, and examine the mediation effect of financial literacy using bootstrapping in AMOS software. Information was gathered from 271 students studying at the University of Technology and Applied Sciences. The questionnaire used for the survey was adapted from previous related studies examining the TPB.FindingsThe findings show financial literacy and behavioural outcome (attitude) are key components associated with investment intention. Motivation to comply (subjective norm) affects the intention to invest if mediated by financial literacy. The subjective norm has no bearing on the intention to invest in a speculative market. This implies social peers have no bearing on their intention to invest unless mediated by financial literacy.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the study is that the group from which the sample is drawn consists of all students at a state-funded university who receive stipends. This limits the applicability of related findings. Furthermore, the variables have dynamic properties, which implies their impacts may vary over time.Practical implicationsGeneration Z comprises a large number of small investors who can make a significant difference to the overall economic trends of the country. The digital world, which is time- and space-infinite, is shaping the next generation. It is only possible to reach and sway their opinions by conducting extensive behavioural science research.Social implicationsAcademic institutions ought to be viewed as a resource for conducting additional in-depth research on a variety of subjects to assist and shape the current generation for a better future.Originality/valueAlthough the TPB has been used by many researchers to explore the behavioural intention of Generation Z, very few have used financial literacy as a perceived behaviour control to study its direct and indirect effects on behaviour intention.
Low Communication-Cost PSI Protocol for Unbalanced Two-Party Private Sets

Two-party private set intersection (PSI) plays a pivotal role in secure two-party computation protocols. The communication cost in a PSI protocol is normally influenced by the sizes of the participating parties. However, for parties with unbalanced sets, the communication costs of existing protocols mainly depend on the size of the larger set, leading to high communication cost. In this paper, we propose a low communication-cost PSI protocol designed specifically for unbalanced two-party private sets, aiming to enhance the efficiency of communication. For each item in the smaller set, the receiver queries whether it belongs to the larger set, such that the communication cost depends solely on the smaller set. The queries are implemented by private information retrieval which is constructed with trapdoor hash function. Our investigation indicates that in each instance of invoking the trapdoor hash function, the receiver is required to transmit both a hash key and an encoding key to the sender, thus incurring significant communication cost. In order to address this concern, we propose the utilization of a seed hash key, a seed encoding key, and a Latin square. By employing these components, the sender can autonomously generate all the necessary hash keys and encoding keys, obviating the multiple transmissions of such keys. The proposed protocol is provably secure against a semihonest adversary under the Decisional Diffie–Hellman assumption. Through implementation demonstration, we showcase that when the sizes of the two sets are 28 and 214, the communication cost of our protocol is only 3.3% of the state-of-the-art protocol and under 100 Kbps bandwidth, we achieve 1.46x speedup compared to the state-of-the-art protocol. Our source code is available on GitHub: https://github.com/TAN-OpenLab/Unbanlanced-PSI.
Where Do We Draw the Line? Suggesting a Threshold for Extreme Inequality

Despite increasing consensus that high inequality levels are harmful, what is conspicuously missing from the debate over effective measures to decrease income disparities is the formulation of concrete targets to meet. This paper therefore proposes the creation of an extreme inequality line as a maximum threshold. Such a general limit would help policy-makers measure progress towards more equality and increase accountability of their actions. At the same time, it would signal to the general public that, rather than being a necessary evil, inequality is a moldable and ultimately reducible phenomenon. After explaining the conceptual need for an upper inequality limit, the paper proceeds to discuss its concrete level. As a measuring indicator, it proposes the ratio of the income share of the top 5 per cent over that of the bottom 40 per cent, denominated Palma v.2, for its simplicity and intuitiveness. Alice asked the Cheshire Cat, who was sitting in a tree, “What road do I take? ” The cat asked, “Where do you want to go? ” “I don’t know,” Alice answered. “Then,” said the cat, “it really doesn’t matter, does it? ” Lewis Carol, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Technology's impact on language learning: Meta-analysis on variables and effectiveness

This study explores the correlation between technology utilization and language acquisition while analyzing the impact of moderating variables on this relation. Our meta-analysis approach analyzes data from 43 extracts out of 19 primary studies published between 2012 and 2021. Our data analysis employs a random-effect model utilizing a significance level of α = 0.05. Additionally, the authors examine four moderating variables: level of education, location of research, proficiency in language, and year of publication. Technology-based language acquisition outperforms traditional methods, indicating a significant and moderate impact on the learning process. This study enhances comprehension of the efficacy of technology in language acquisition by identifying various factors, such as the geographical location of research, methods of assessing language proficiency, and technology type employed. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the notion that educational level or sample size significantly impact technology-based language acquisition. This meta-analysis highlights the importance of considering nuanced factors when integrating technology into language learning. The findings emphasize the possibility of technology to transform methods of acquiring language and urge additional investigation into customized strategies that optimize its advantages.
Exploring the Impact of Proactive Personality on Organizational Innovative Performance in Higher Education: The Mediating Role of Innovative Work Behavior

One of the challenges in improving the innovative performance of higher education institutions is the proactive attitude and innovative work behavior of lecturer. This research aims to analyze the influence of proactive personality and innovative work behavior on increasing organizational innovative performance. The data analysis process uses AMOS version 22 with the SEM (Structural Equation Model) application. There are 216 lecturers as the unit of analysis from 17 private universities accredited as superior and A in Jakarta, Indonesia. Research findings show that proactive personality (PP) and innovative work behavior (IWB) have a positive and significant effect on the innovative performance of higher education. In addition, IWB plays a positive and significant role as a mediator in increasing the influence of PP on organizational innovative performance. Therefore, universities need to create a work atmosphere that supports the proactive attitude of lecturers and allows the emergence of innovative work behavior.
Formulation and Development of a Herbal Antifungal Gel Containing Origanum vulgare and Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oils Against Oral Candida albicans

Background Oral candidiasis is the most prevalent oral fungal infection, and existing antifungal agents have side effects such as drug intolerance, resistance, and toxicity. Herbal essential oils are emerging as an alternative therapeutic approach for treating fungal infections. Origanum vulgare (O. vulgare), commonly known as oregano, and Syzygium aromaticum (S. aromaticum), commonly known as clove, are known to have antifungal properties and are effective against fluconazole-resistant strains. A combination of essential oils has a synergistic effect and aids in achieving effective antifungal activity at sufficiently low concentrations, which could lead to reduced side effects and resistance. Aim of the study This study aimed to formulate and develop an herbal antifungal gel containing O. vulgare and S. aromaticum and evaluate its synergistic antifungal efficacy against oral Candida albicans (C. albicans). Methodology Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) determinations of O. vulgare and S. aromaticum essential oils were performed individually and in combination to assess the antifungal activity against C. albicans. Based on the obtained MIC and MFC of essential oils in combination, an herbal antifungal gel was formulated. Further, to determine the biocompatible nature of the gel, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed. Results We found that a combination of O. vulgare and S. aromaticum essential oils showed antifungal activity at a lesser concentration, with a MIC of 0.19 μl/ml and MFC of 0.39 μl/ml when compared to their individual concentrations. Based on our results, an antifungal herbal gel comprising a concentration of 0.6 μl/ml of both essential oils was developed to achieve synergistic antifungal activity against oral C. albicans. The MTT assay of the herbal gel did not show any cytotoxicity. Conclusion The novel herbal antifungal gel containing O. vulgare and S. aromaticum is biocompatible in nature and provides an alternative therapeutic approach for treating oral candidiasis.
Comparing the Efficacy of Transforaminal and Caudal Epidural Injections of Calcitonin in Treating Degenerative Spinal Canal Stenosis: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is the most common indication for lumbar surgery in elderly patients. Epidural injections of calcitonin are effective in managing LSS. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of transforaminal and caudal injections of calcitonin in patients with LSS. Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, LSS patients were divided into two equal groups (N = 20). The first group received 50 IU (international units) of calcitonin via caudal epidural injection (CEI), and the second group received 50 IU of calcitonin via transforaminal epidural injection (TEI). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODI) were used to assess the patient's pain and ability to stand, respectively. Visual Analogue Scale and ODI scores were recorded and analyzed. Results: The results showed that caudal and TEIs of calcitonin significantly improved pain and ability to stand during follow-up compared to before intervention (P < 0.05). Additionally, CEI of calcitonin after 6 months significantly reduced pain in LSS patients compared to TEI of calcitonin (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the two epidural injection techniques in improving the patient's ability to stand (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that epidural injection of calcitonin in long-term follow-up (6 months) had a significant effect on improving pain intensity and mobility in patients with LSS, and its effect on pain in the TEI method was significantly greater than that in the CEI method.
Readiness of Indonesian pre-service science teachers for society 5.0

This research aimed to assess the readiness of Indonesian pre-service science teachers by examining their perceptions of impending challenges, desired competencies, and anticipated instructional methodologies in preparing for the challenges of Society 5.0. Using a quantitative survey research methodology, 884 pre-service science teachers from 16 universities were surveyed. The research instrument's validity and reliability were assessed utilizing the Rasch model. Inferential statistics were employed to assess the readiness of pre-service science teachers for future challenges, taking into account their backgrounds. The test outcomes showed the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient reached 0.92, is deemed "excellent", affirming the instrument's high reliability. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of teachers share a consistent perception of future challenges and recognize the importance of mastering 21st-century skills, particularly critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, and collaboration. However, respondents believe that the current learning process does not adequately train these skills. They expressed a desire for an alternative learning method that can enhance their skills while accommodating their diverse backgrounds, including place of residence, economic background, and technological proficiency. Further research is needed to identify alternative teaching methods that can effectively foster these abilities in diverse backgrounds.
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU)

Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) is unique among the sectors considered in this volume, since the mitigation potential is derived from both an enhancement of removals of greenhouse gases (GHG), as well as reduction of emissions through management of land and livestock (robust evidence; high agreement). The land provides food that feeds the Earth’s human population of ca. 7 billion, fibre for a variety of purposes, livelihoods for billions of people worldwide, and is a critical resource for sustainable development in many regions. Agriculture is frequently central to the livelihoods of many social groups, especially in developing countries where it often accounts for a significant share of production. In addition to food and fibre, the land provides a multitude of ecosystem services; climate change mitigation is just one of many that are vital to human well-being (robust evidence; high agreement). Mitigation options in the AFOLU sector, therefore, need to be assessed, as far as possible, for their potential impact on all other services provided by land. [Section 11.1]
The Effect of the Viral Erigo Brand as a Moderation of Social Media Advertising Features (Motivation, Interactivity, Performance Expectation, Informativity, Relevance and Habit) on Customer Purchase Intention

This research attempts to identify and examine advertising creativity factors so that a brand becomes viral and can predict customer purchase intentions for products promoted using social media advertising, one of which is Erigo's product. This study aims to determine consumer habits, interactivity, informativeness, relevance and viral brands that influence consumer purchase intentions for products presented in social media advertisements. The subjects in this study were customers in Solo Raya and its surroundings who used social media platforms. Questionnaires were distributed in the form of a checklist survey. The data that has been collected is analyzed using Smart PLS and a two-step approach. The first step evaluates the validity and reliability of the survey instrument using a measurement model. The expected results of this study are that respondents will be influenced by their purchase intention for Erigo products because they feel they have the same habits as those presented by Erigo products, and gain interactivity, in formativeness and relevance from Erigo products. It is hoped that there are other factors that influence respondents' purchase intentions for Erigo products, namely viral brands, Erigo products are currently one of the brands that are currently viral because of the advertisements they present on social media.
Magnetic Properties of Gabbros from Hole 735B, Southwest Indian Ridge

A total of 500.7 m of continuous, vertical, oceanic gabbroic section was recovered during Leg 118. The gabbros obtained exhibited various degrees of alteration and deformation, which gave us a good opportunity to study the magnetic properties of oceanic gabbros. Many of these gabbros, which are mainly Fe-Ti oxide gabbros, have strong and unstable secondary magnetic components that were acquired during drilling. Stable inclinations, which are probably in-situ magnetic directions, show a single polarity, with an average value of 66° (±5°), meaning that the studied 501-m oceanic gabbroic block may be a candidate for the source of the marine magnetic anomaly. This may also imply that the metamorphism of oceanic gabbros causing acquisition of magnetization probably occurred within one geomagnetic polarity chron (about 0.3 to 0.7 m.y.) after these gabbros formed at the ridge, leading us to conclude that oceanic gabbros record the so-called Vine-Matthews-Morley type of initial magnetization at the ridge. The average intensity value of stable magnetic components of individual samples, which may be a minimum estimate for remanent magnetizations, is 1.6 A/m. Assuming this magnetic intensity value and a uniform magnetization within an oceanic gabbroic layer having a thickness of 4.5 km (i.e., whole layer 3), it is possible to explain most of the marine magnetic anomaly. If magnetic properties of the samples obtained from Hole 735B are common to oceanic gabbros, layer 3 may contribute more significantly to seafloor spreading magnetic anomalies than previously thought.