Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MRI Features for Predicting Microvascular Invasion and Postoperative Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Without Peritumoral Hypointensity

Purpose To identify MRI features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that predict microvascular invasion (MVI) and postoperative intrahepatic recurrence in patients without peritumoral hepatobiliary phase (HBP) hypointensity. Patients and Methods One hundred and thirty patients with HCC who underwent preoperative gadoxetate-enhanced MRI and curative hepatic resection were retrospectively reviewed. Two radiologists reviewed all preoperative MR images and assessed the radiological features of HCCs. The ability of peritumoral HBP hypointensity to identify MVI and intrahepatic recurrence was analyzed. We then assessed the MRI features of HCC that predicted the MVI and intrahepatic recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the subgroup without peritumoral HBP hypointensity. Finally, a two-step flowchart was constructed to assist in clinical decision-making. Results Peritumoral HBP hypointensity (odds ratio, 3.019; 95% confidence interval: 1.071–8.512; P=0.037) was an independent predictor of MVI. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and AUROC of peritumoral HBP hypointensity in predicting MVI were 23.80%, 91.04%, 71.23%, 55.96%, and 0.574, respectively. Intrahepatic RFS was significantly shorter in patients with peritumoral HBP hypointensity (P<0.001). In patients without peritumoral HBP hypointensity, the only significant difference between MVI-positive and MVI-negative HCCs was the presence of a radiological capsule (P=0.038). Satellite nodule was an independent risk factor for intrahepatic RFS (hazard ratio,3.324; 95% CI: 1.733–6.378; P<0.001). The high-risk HCC detection rate was significantly higher when using the two-step flowchart that incorporated peritumoral HBP hypointensity and satellite nodule than when using peritumoral HBP hypointensity alone (P<0.001). Conclusion In patients without peritumoral HBP hypointensity, a radiological capsule is useful for identifying MVI and satellite nodule is an independent risk factor for intrahepatic RFS.
NLOADF: A program for computing ocean‐tide loading

The loading of the Earth by the ocean tides produces several kinds of signals which can be measured by geodetic technique. In order to compute these most accurately, a combination of global and local models of the ocean tides may be needed. The program NLOADF convolves the Green functions for loading with ocean tide models using a station-centered grid with fixed dimensions, making it easy to combine different ocean models without overlap in the convolution. The program computes all the quantities of interest (gravity, displacement, tilt, and strain) and includes the case where measurements are made beneath the surface of the ocean.
ESTUDI D'ASPECTES BIOLÒGICS DE LA FORMIGA ARGENTINA (LINEPITHEMA HUMILE, MAYR) ENCARAT AL CONTROL DE LA PLAGA EN ECOSISTEMES NATURALS

La present tesi intenta obtenir noves dades referents a la biologia i ecologia de la formiga argentina que poden arribar a ser cabdals per al disseny o millora de noves metodologies de control de l'expansio de la plaga en ecosistemes naturals. Aixi doncs, l'estudi de l'activitat de cerca d'aliment i del seu espectre dietari en ecosistemes naturals, juntament amb el de les fluctuacions estacionals de la densitat de reines en nius naturals, obre les portes a la millora de metodes de control de la plaga mitjancant esquers toxics d'efecte retardat i a l'aplicacio de noves metodologies de control sense l'us d'agents quimics basats en l'eliminacio massiva de reines. La tesi tambe aporta noves dades sobre la fisiologia reproductiva de l'especie en relacio a la temperatura, la qual cosa permet la integracio de l'aspecte fisiologic en models de prediccio del rang potencial d'establiment de la plaga en ecosistemes naturals, aspecte fins ara practicament oblidat en aquest tipus de models predictius.
High‐latitude intermittent ionospheric scintillations: Exploring the Castaing distribution

We present a multiscale analysis of the received amplitude fluctuations of the L1 GPS signal. The analysis consists of constructing a differential amplitude signal by taking the difference between the signal at time t and the signal at time t + τ, where τ represents a time lag. The probability density functions of the measured differential amplitude fluctuations are computed and fitted with Castaing distributions. The fourth normalized moment of the distributions is used to investigate the intermittent nature of the signal. The results reveal direct evidence that the intermittent aspect of the investigated scintillation events is more pronounced at small differential time lags than at long ones.
Aerosol Direct, Indirect, Semidirect, and Surface Albedo Effects from Sector Contributions Based on the IPCC AR5 Emissions for Preindustrial and Present-day Conditions

[1] The anthropogenic increase in aerosol concentrations since preindustrial times and its net cooling effect on the atmosphere is thought to mask some of the greenhouse gas-induced warming. Although the overall effect of aerosols on solar radiation and clouds is most certainly negative, some individual forcing agents and feedbacks have positive forcing effects. Recent studies have tried to identify some of those positive forcing agents and their individual emission sectors, with the hope that mitigation policies could be developed to target those emitters. Understanding the net effect of multisource emitting sectors and the involved cloud feedbacks is very challenging, and this paper will clarify forcing and feedback effects by separating direct, indirect, semidirect and surface albedo effects due to aerosols. To this end, we apply the Goddard Institute for Space Studies climate model including detailed aerosol microphysics to examine aerosol impacts on climate by isolating single emission sector contributions as given by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) emission data sets developed for Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5. For the modeled past 150 years, using the climate model and emissions from preindustrial times to present-day, the total global annual mean aerosol radiative forcing is −0.6 W/m2, with the largest contribution from the direct effect (−0.5 W/m2). Aerosol-induced changes on cloud cover often depends on cloud type and geographical region. The indirect (includes only the cloud albedo effect with −0.17 W/m2) and semidirect effects (−0.10 W/m2) can be isolated on a regional scale, and they often have opposing forcing effects, leading to overall small forcing effects on a global scale. Although the surface albedo effects from aerosols are small (0.016 W/m2), triggered feedbacks on top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiative forcing can be 10 times larger. Our results point out that each emission sector has varying impacts by geographical region. For example, the single sector most responsible for a net positive radiative forcing is the transportation sector in the United States, agricultural burning and transportation in Europe, and the domestic emission sector in Asia. These sectors are attractive mitigation targets.
Farming the planet: 2. Geographic distribution of crop areas, yields, physiological types, and net primary production in the year 2000

Croplands cover ∼15 million km2 of the planet and provide the bulk of the food and fiber essential to human well‐being. Most global land cover data sets from satellites group croplands into just a few categories, thereby excluding information that is critical for answering key questions ranging from biodiversity conservation to food security to biogeochemical cycling. Information about agricultural land use practices like crop selection, yield, and fertilizer use is even more limited. Here we present land use data sets created by combining national, state, and county level census statistics with a recently updated global data set of croplands on a 5 min by 5 min (∼10 km by 10 km) latitude‐longitude grid. The resulting land use data sets depict circa the year 2000 the area (harvested) and yield of 175 distinct crops of the world. We aggregate these individual crop maps to produce novel maps of 11 major crop groups, crop net primary production, and four physiologically based crop types: annuals/perennials, herbaceous/shrubs/trees, C3/C4, and leguminous/nonleguminous.
Palaeomagnetic study of the Galatean Volcanic Province, north‐central Turkey: neogene deformation at the northern border of the Anatolian Block

A regional palaeomagnetic study is reported from 24 lavas of the (Late Miocene) Galatean Volcanic Province bordering the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in northern Anatolia. Rock magnetic studies show that the lavas have a ferromagnetic content dominated by low-Ti magnetite assemblages which have been subjected to variable degrees of high and low temperature oxidation. Although larger fractions of ferromagnetic grains are multidomain, significant fractions of single domain grains are always present and presumed to be responsible for the stable remanence at all sites. Magnetic remanence is interpreted to be essentially primary because it preserves a record of both polarities which has since been tectonically rotated. Fifteen sites define a coherent dipolar axis with a mean direction of D/I=16·8/56·5° (α95=6·9°). This is rotated clockwise by 10·2±7·2° from the Eurasian field at 10 Ma and is interpreted to record block rotation during westward expulsion of lithosphere along the northern margin of the Anatolian region late in the Neotectonic history. Upper Cretaceous rocks from the northern side of this sector of the NAFZ exhibit rotations relative to Eurasia; whilst these may have been imparted partly during Eocene collision of the Istanbul and Sakarya zones, consistent counterclockwise motions show that differential block rotations are occurring here with the Galatean region bounded at its northern margin by the NAFZ. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Microglia, Decreased Neurogenesis and Oligodendrocyte Depletion in Long COVID-Mediated Brain Impairments

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a recent worldwide coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 primarily causes an acute respiratory infection but can progress into significant neurological complications in some. Moreover, patients with severe acute COVID-19 could develop debilitating long-term sequela. Long-COVID is characterized by chronic symptoms that persist months after the initial infection. Common complaints are fatigue, myalgias, depression, anxiety, and “brain fog,” or cognitive and memory impairments. A recent study demonstrated that a mild COVID-19 respiratory infection could generate elevated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the cerebral spinal fluid. This commentary discusses findings from this study, demonstrating that even a mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause considerable neuroinflammation with microglial and macrophage reactivity. Such changes could also be gleaned by measuring chemokines and cytokines in the circulating blood. Moreover, neuroinflammation caused by mild SARS-CoV-2 infection can also impair hippocampal neurogenesis, deplete oligodendrocytes, and decrease myelinated axons. All these changes likely contribute to cognitive deficits in long-COVID syndrome. Therefore, strategies capable of restraining neuroinflammation, maintaining better hippocampal neurogenesis, and preserving oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation and maturation may prevent or reduce the incidence of long-COVID after SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection.
An Overview on Electrophysiological and Neuroimaging Findings in Dyslexia

Objective: Dyslexia is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by inaccurate and slow word recognition. This article reviews neural correlates of dyslexia from both electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies. Method : In this brief review, we provide electrophysiological and neuroimaging evidence from electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in dyslexia to understand functional and structural brain changes in this condition. Results: In both electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies, the most frequently reported functional impairments in dyslexia include aberrant activation of the left hemisphere occipito-temporal cortex (OTC), temporo-parietal cortex (TPC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and cerebellar areas. EEG studies have mostly highlighted the important role of lower frequency bands in dyslexia, especially theta waves. Furthermore, neuroimaging studies have suggested that dyslexia is related to functional and structural impairments in the left hemisphere regions associated with reading and language, including reduced grey matter volume in the left TPC, decreased white matter connectivity between reading networks, and hypo-activation of the left OTC and TPC. In addition, neural evidence from pre-reading children and infants at risk for dyslexia show that there are abnormalities in the dyslexic brain before learning to read begins. Conclusion: Advances in comprehending the neural correlates of dyslexia could bring closer translation from basic to clinical neuroscience and effective rehabilitation for individuals who struggle to read. However, neuroscience still has great potential for clinical translation that requires further research.
Agriculture in World History

Selected Contents: Acknowledgements Glossary of Terms Introduction 1: The Origins of Agriculture and the Dual Subordination 2: Agriculture in antiquity: the first great conflicts over land and freedom 3: Agriculture in the post-classical period 4: Early modern agriculture and European agricultural dominance (1500-1800) 5: Agriculture in the 19th Century: Emancipation, Modernization, and Colonialism 6: Agriculture and Crisis 1900-1940 7: Boom and Crisis: Agriculture from World War II to the 21st Century Conclusion
Development and Validation of a Novel Prognosis Model Based on a Panel of Three Immunogenic Cell Death-Related Genes for Non-Cirrhotic Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Purpose The accurate prediction of non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma (NCHCC) risk facilitates improved surveillance strategy and decreases cancer-related mortality. This study aimed to explore the correlation between immunogenic cell death (ICD) and NCHCC prognosis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, and the potential prognostic value of ICD-related genes in NCHCC. Methods Clinical and transcriptomic data of patients with NCHCC patients were retrieved from TCGA database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to obtain the NCHCC phenotype-related module genes. Consensus clustering analysis was performed to classify the patients into two clusters based on intersection genes among differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cancer and adjacent tissues, NCHCC phenotype-related genes, and ICD-related genes. NCHCC-derived tissue microarray was used to evaluate the correlation of the expression levels of key genes with NCHCC prognosis using immunohistochemical staining. Results Cox regression analyses were performed to construct a prognostic risk score model comprising three genes (TMC7, GRAMD1C, and GNPDA1) based on DEGs between two clusters. The model stratified patients with NCHCC into two risk groups. The overall survival (OS) of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that these signature genes are independent predictors of OS. Functional analysis revealed differential immune status between the two risk groups. Next, a nomogram was constructed, which demonstrated the potent distinguishing ability of the developed model based on receiver operating characteristic curves. In vitro functional validation revealed that the migration and invasion abilities of HepG2 and Huh7 cells were upregulated upon GRAMD1C knockdown but downregulated upon TMC7 knockdown. Conclusion This study developed a prognostic model comprising three genes, which can aid in predicting the survival of patients with NCHCC and guide the selection of drugs and molecular markers for NCHCC.
Interlinkages between internal and international migration and development in the Asian region

This paper examines the linkages between systems of internal migration and systems of international migration in the Asian region. In the context of changing global patterns of international migration on the one hand and urbanization on the other, the paper briefly examines the evolution of two different traditions in migration research and policy: those concerned with international and those concerned with internal migration. Recognizing that there is some blurring in any distinction between the two types of migration, the paper hypothesizes that there are sufficient differences between the two systems to warrant separate identification. Although both can operate simultaneously, the paper goes on to posit two scenarios: that internal migration can lead to international migration; and that international migration can lead to internal migration. Evidence from various parts of South and East Asia is employed to examine the validity of these statements. There is no single evolutionary path and examples of both scenarios are found in Asia. The concentration of populations in urban areas can give rise to later international movements but these international migrations themselves, by creating vacuums in areas of origin, can in turn generate internal migration. The history of colonial contact, too, can initiate international migration from particular areas, not necessarily just urban, that give rise to later internal movements. Although there is no simple evolutionary path, internal and international migrations are integrated and it is necessary to consider them as a unified system rather than in isolation. The hierarchical movements link richer and poorer groups together and need to be understood in the context of the implementation of programmes of poverty alleviation. By attempting to link internal and international migration, this paper is a small step towards the creation of a more integrated framework for the study of population movement.
The taphonomy and micromorphology of sunken-featured buildings from Lyminge, Kent: A comparative mixed-method analysis

Abstract Sunken-featured buildings (SFBs) are the most ubiquitous structure in Anglo-Saxon settlements sites of the 5th and 7th century. This research applies micromorphological and quantitative geochemical analysis using portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and organic content measurement to two SFB fills from the Anglo-Saxon royal and monastic site of Lyminge, Kent. This is done with the aim of interpreting depositional and post-depositional processes to help understand human activities contributing to the fill of these features. Such a mixed-method approach, while not unprecedented, has been rarely applied to early mediaeval deposits and has yet to be fully exploited in interpreting SFBs. The analysis reveals that each fill comprises backfilled spoil and dumped midden material from domestic activities, most likely deposited in a single process after each building fell out of use. The intentional incorporation of material from a diversity of sources supports the view that the closure represents a distinct event in the life cycle of these buildings. Geochemical profiling of the fill composition further demonstrates differentials in activity levels potentially associated with more intense periods of site replanning at the time of closure of one of these buildings.
Land Surface Heterogeneity in the Cooperative Atmosphere Surface Exchange Study (CASES-97). Part I: Comparing Modeled Surface Flux Maps with Surface-Flux Tower and Aircraft Measurements

Abstract Land surface heterogeneity over an area of 71 km × 74 km in the lower Walnut River watershed, Kansas, was investigated using models and measurements from the 1997 Cooperative Atmosphere Surface Exchange Study (CASES-97) field experiment. As an alternative approach for studying heterogeneity, a multiscale atmospheric and surface dataset (1, 5, and 10 km) was developed, which was used to drive three land surface models, in uncoupled 1D mode, to simulate the evolution of surface heat fluxes and soil moisture for approximately a 1-month period (16 April–22 May 1997) during which the natural grassland experienced a rapid greening. Model validation using both surface and aircraft measurements showed that these modeled flux maps have reasonable skill in capturing the observed surface heterogeneity related to land-use cover and soil moisture. The results highlight the significance of rapid greening of grassland in shaping the surface heterogeneity for the area investigated. The treatment of soil hydrauli.
Variability in the expression and perception of positive affect in human infancy

Abstract Positive emotions play a critical role in guiding human behavior and social interactions. This study examined whether and how genetic variability in the oxytocin system is linked to individual differences in expressing positive affect in human infants. Our results show that genetic variation in CD38 (rs3796863), previously linked to increased release of oxytocin, was associated with higher rates of positive affective displays among a sample of 7-month-old infants, using established parent-report measures. Moreover, infants displaying increased levels of positive affect (smiling and laughter) also showed enhanced brain responses in the right inferior frontal cortex, a brain region previously linked to perception–action coupling, when viewing others smile at them. These findings suggest that, from early in development, genetic variation in the oxytocin system is associated with individual differences in expressed positive affect, which in turn are linked to differences in perceiving positive affect. This helps uncover the neurobiological processes accounting for variability in the expression and perception of positive affect in infancy.
Isentropic, diabatic, and sedimentary transport of Mount Pinatubo aerosol

Observations of Mount Pinatubo aerosol as measured by the ISAMS instrument on UARS are presented for December 1991. These observations show a tropical reservoir of high aerosol with steep gradients across the subtropics. On the 450 K isentrope there is a ring of high aerosol in midlatitudes which is separated from the tropical reservoir by an approximately zonal band of lower aerosol values. The ISAMS aerosol data are compared with output from the off-line three-dimensional transport model SLIMCAT. Integrations are performed with isentropic transport only, diabatic transport only, isentropic and diabatic transport, and isentropic, diabatic and sedimentary transport of aerosol. Integrations using winds and temperatures from UKMO and ECMWF are compared. It is shown that even in the lower stratosphere, cross-isentropic transport over the timescale of a month can have a significant effect on the distribution of aerosol. The SLIMCAT integrations with isentropic transport only do not form a ring of high aerosol in midlatitudes on the 450 K isentrope. Inclusion of diabatic transport in the SLIMCAT integration shows that this ring forms from diabatic descent of air containing higher aerosol concentrations from aloft. Isentropic transport of high-aerosol air from the tropics into midlatitudes on the 500 K isentrope, followed by diabatic descent, further increases the values in the midlatitude ring on the 450 K isentrope. Inclusion of the sedimentation of aerosol in SLIMCAT integrations significantly offsets the diabatic ascent in the tropics. The SLIMCAT integrations, particularly those run using UKMO analyses, produce too much transport of midlatitude air into the tropics. The implications for accurate modeling of the tropical reservoir are discussed.