Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal changes in dry spells in a Mediterranean area: Tuscany (central Italy), 1955–2017

Global change affects precipitation and small modifications in rainfall regimes could compromise water availability, especially in areas characterized by a strong seasonality and a climate ranging from dry sub‐humid to semi‐arid. Drought, in particular, is a creeping phenomenon defined as an important temporary decrease in water availability below the expected value in a certain period and a specific area. Among the different methodologies for analysing drought periods, one of the most used is the evaluation of dry spells. The aim of this study is to investigate spatial and temporal changes in dry spells in Tuscany during the period 1955–2017, by using daily precipitation data. Changes in the number of dry days, maximum duration and 75th percentile of the duration of the dry spells were investigated. Three precipitation thresholds were selected: 1, 5 and 10 mm. The analyses were carried out at annual, September–May, September–November and December–May level. Theil–Sen nonparametric method was used to estimate the slope; Mann–Kendall test and a modification of it, which applies a trend‐free pre‐whitening (TFPW) method to the series having a serial correlation, were applied to look for statistically significant trends. The drought indicators showed increasing trends (some significant) especially at December–May and to a lesser extent at the annual and September–May level; the most pronounced increases were found in the southernmost areas of Tuscany. During September–November period, on the other hand, a prevalence of decreasing trends (rarely significant), with less pronounced decreases in the south of the region, were observed. Mediterranean area is considered a climate change “hot‐spot” from the viewpoint of vulnerability. An increase in long‐lasting dry spells, especially in southern Tuscany, can exacerbate the problems linked to water management and demand.
Theorizing Institutional Entrepreneuring: Arborescent and rhizomatic assembling

A growing body of research has cataloged the myriad actors involved in tackling persistent institutional problems. Yet we lack a theoretical toolkit for explicitly conceptualizing and comparing diverse modes of institutional entrepreneuring—the processes whereby actors are created and equipped for institutional action—capable of ameliorating grand challenges. Drawing on assemblage theory, we articulate two ideal-typical modes of assembling actorhood: arborescent and rhizomatic. We differentiate each mode along four principles: association, combination, division, and population. Building on our theorization, we propound an arborescent-rhizomatic space comprising clusters of arborescent, rhizomatic, and hybrid actorhood. To explore the generativity of our framework, we revisit selected research at the intersection of institutional entrepreneurship and grand challenges. We close by articulating how our concept of assembling actorhood reorients research toward institutional entrepreneuring and contributes to the application of assemblage theory within organization studies.
When Italians Follow the Rules against COVID Infection: A Psychological Profile for Compliance

The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has drastically changed people’s lifestyles and forced them to adopt new behaviors. To assess Italians’ reported compliance to the behavioral provisions issued by the Italian Ministry of Health against the COVID-19 pandemic and identify the socio-demographic and psychological profile of a person who is more likely to comply with them, we conducted a quantitative study with 1556 participants. Notably, in Italy, after a month of lockdown, the reported compliance with anti-COVID prescriptions was high overall. Moreover, personality traits, risk perception, well-being levels, and emotional activations appeared to play a role in promoting or hindering people’s reported compliance. These findings emphasize the importance of being aware of the reported compliance’s antecedents for defining advanced pro-compliance policies and messages and thus better manage each stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and, plausibly, in other countries.
The Ignoring of “People” in the Journalistic Coverage of Economic Crises. The Housing Bubble and the Euro Crisis in Spain

ABSTRACT Taking the case of Spain as example, this article aims to answer the question about the degree to which the problems and concerns of ordinary citizens were included in the press coverage on the boom and the crash of the real estate bubble, and around the economic problems related to the euro crisis. The objective is to determine whether people were a main actor -as agent and/or victim- in the coverage of the crisis, and the degree to which the different nature of the crises and the diverse orientations of the newspapers affected this coverage. In contrast with the idea of a rise of ordinary people as actors in everyday news coverage, the content analysis confirms the hypothesis that people played a very marginal role in the journalistic coverage of both crises. It also confirms that the “silence” of people in the economic coverage did not depend on the ideological or thematic focus of the newspapers under research. The findings also contextualize the ignoring of “people” in the journalistic coverage of economic crises within the silence of traditional media on the connection between the economic crisis and the intense social indignation, which was the breeding ground for political populisms.
Agro-morphological and Genotypic Diversity among Rice Germplasms under Rainfed Lowland Condition

The present study was performed in a randomized complete block design with three replications to identify higher yielding genotypes and putative traits for grain yield improvement under a rainfed environment. Genotypes recorded highly significant variation for most of the observed agro- morphological traits except the number of effective tillers/m2. IR102774-31-21-2-4-7 (5.40 t/ha) followed by IR99739: 2-1-1-2-1 (5.22 t/ha), and IR103587-23-2-1-B (5.05 t/ha) respectively were the higher grain yielders. These high yielders were among the sets of early flowering (85-96 days) and maturing (120-130 days) genotypes. Plant height (PHT- 86.62% and 25.69%), harvest index (HI-87.17% and 44.66%), and thousand-grain weight (TGW- 71.06% and 30.05%) recorded high heritability values coupled with higher genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (GAM). IR102774-31-21-2-4-7 produced superior agro-morphological character for several traits like grain yield, thousand-grain weight, biological yield, plant height, and days to flowering and maturity. Plant height, biological yield, harvest index, days to flowering, and maturity were highly associated with grain yield and had medium to high heritability and GAM values. Therefore, these traits might be of importance for selection in grain yield improvement of rice under rainfed lowland conditions.
The trees in the middle of Paradise (Gn 2:9) during the Great Lent: Orthodox hymnography as biblical interpretation

The article examines the interpretation of the Scripture in Byzantine hymnography during the Great Lent. Some notable recent contributions focus on Andrew of Crete’s and Romanos the Melodist’s compositions, illustrating the hymnographic way of understanding the Scriptures. The author of this study presents a selection of stanzas from hymns of the Triodion that refer to the trees of Paradise. Hymnography perceives the trees in Genesis 2–3 in direct connection with the cross. Only rarely is the tree of life a metaphor for Jesus, as the shadow of the tree of the cross is seldom a metaphor for protection. Another interesting aspect in relation to hymnography is the fact that it represents a type of intertextual exegesis of biblical texts. Hymnographers interpret passages from Genesis by using texts from Psalms, Prophets and especially from the New Testament, combining images and biblical texts in the depiction of liturgical moments.Contribution: Compared with previous research, this article discusses some rare hymnographic interpretations (shadow of the cross; cross in the middle of the earth). The analysis accentuates that the hymnic approach to the Scripture is a form of intertextual exegesis.
Fundamental Frequency and Phonation Differences in the Production of Stop Laryngeal Contrasts of Endangered Shina

Shina is an endangered Indo-Aryan (Dardic) language spoken in Gilgit, Northern Pakistan. The present study investigates the acoustic correlates of Shina’s three-way stop laryngeal contrast across five places of articulation. A wide range of acoustic correlates were measured including fundamental frequency (F0), spectral tilt (H1*-H2*, H1*-A1*, H1*-A2*, and H1*-A3*), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP). Voiceless aspirated stops were characterized by higher fundamental frequency, spectral tilt, and cepstral peak prominence, compared to voiceless unaspirated and voiced unaspirated stops. These results suggest that Shina is among those languages which have a raising effect of aspiration on the pitch and spectral tilt onsets of the following vowels. Positive correlations among fundamental frequency, spectral tilt, and cepstral peak prominence were observed. The findings of this study will contribute to the phonetic documentation of endangered Dardic languages.
By Hook or by Crook: Married Students’ Outlook in Coping Academic Stress

This study aimed to explore the views of married students in coping academic stress. The participants of the research consisted of 10 married students who are now enrolled in College of Teacher Education-Bachelor of Elementary Education at Quirino State University Main Campus. Employing a phenomenological analysis, it explored the opinions of married students in coping academic stress. Revealed in the study was they concurred in majority that in coping academic stress is someone who possesses time management, income generating, personal attributes and spiritual qualities. Time management was the first strategy that participants described to successfully fill the roles as married student. This held constant across the groups and within each group. The strategy of time management emerged as the “premier” and leading effective strategy for participants. Participants also identified generating extra-income, wise budgeting as various systems of support that helped participants, attitude and a strong religious belief or faith in God. These strategies which top the list in coping academic stress rendered substantial standpoints in developing policies and intervention program in academic performance of students.
Classification of Targets Using Statistical Features from Range FFT of mmWave FMCW Radars

Radars with mmWave frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) technology accurately estimate the range and velocity of targets in their field of view (FoV). The targeted angle of arrival (AoA) estimation can be improved by increasing receiving antennas or by using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). However, obtaining target features such as target type remains challenging. In this paper, we present a novel target classification method based on machine learning and features extracted from a range fast Fourier transform (FFT) profile by using mmWave FMCW radars operating in the frequency range of 77–81 GHz. The measurements are carried out in a variety of realistic situations, including pedestrian, automotive, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (also known as drone). Peak, width, area, variance, and range are collected from range FFT profile peaks and fed into a machine learning model. In order to evaluate the performance, various light weight classification machine learning models such as logistic regression, Naive Bayes, support vector machine (SVM), and lightweight gradient boosting machine (GBM) are used. We demonstrate our findings by using outdoor measurements and achieve a classification accuracy of 95.6% by using LightGBM. The proposed method will be extremely useful in a wide range of applications, including cost-effective and dependable ground station traffic management and control systems for autonomous operations, and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). The presented classification technique extends the potential of mmWave FMCW radar beyond the detection of range, velocity, and AoA to classification. mmWave FMCW radars will be more robust in computer vision, visual perception, and fully autonomous ground control and traffic management cyber-physical systems as a result of the added new feature.
THE USE OF LINE WEBTOON COMIC STRIPS TO UPGRADE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY

Vocabulary is the key for the learners’ language change in learning as a foreign language including English. However, Indonesian students still have problems in vocabulary building, particularly to memorize meaning of new words. This fact implies that they need effective ways to learn vocabulary. It would be more beneficial to use an effective vocabulary teaching technique to help the students in upgrading their vocabulary mastery. The use of relevant media in teaching vocabulary will also boost student’s motivation. The aim of this study was to reveal how Line Webtoon comic can be used to teach vocabulary, the student’s vocabulary mastery, and the student’s responses toward the use of Webtoon comic. The participants in this study were ninth-grade students and their English teacher. This research applied qualitative design. The data was gathered through observation during online learning in Google Classroom, student’s task and the interview process. Based on the data, the process of using Line Webtoon for ninth graders was successfully upgraded the students’ vocabulary mastery and motivation to read through online comic. It also showed that the students were interested to read because Webtoon consisted of many pictures and they were able to get many new words by using online media.
Housing Temperature Influences Atypical Antipsychotic Drug‐Induced Bone Loss in Female C57BL/6J Mice

Atypical antipsychotic (AA) drugs, such as risperidone, are associated with endocrine and metabolic side effects, including impaired bone mineral density (BMD) acquisition and increased fracture risk. We have previously shown that risperidone causes bone loss through the sympathetic nervous system and that bone loss is associated with elevated markers of thermogenesis in brown and white adipose tissue. Because rodents are normally housed in sub‐thermoneutral conditions, we wanted to test whether increasing housing temperature would protect against bone loss from risperidone. Four weeks of risperidone treatment in female C57BL/6J mice at thermoneutral (28°C) housing attenuated risperidone‐induced trabecular bone loss and led to a low‐turnover bone phenotype, with indices of both bone formation and resorption suppressed in mice with risperidone treatment at thermoneutrality, whereas indices of bone resorption were elevated by risperidone at room temperature. Protection against trabecular bone loss was not absolute, however, and additional evidence of cortical bone loss emerged in risperidone‐treated mice at thermoneutrality. Taken together, these findings suggest thermal challenge may be in part responsible for bone loss with risperidone treatment and that housing temperature should be considered when assessing bone outcomes of treatments that impact thermogenic pathways. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Forest resilience to global warming is strongly modulated by local‐scale topographic, microclimatic and biotic conditions

Resilience of endangered rear edge populations of cold‐adapted forests in the Mediterranean basin is increasingly altered by extreme heatwave and drought pressures. It remains unknown, however, whether microclimatic variation in these isolated forests could ultimately result in large intra‐population variability in the demographic responses, allowing the coexistence of contrasting declining and resilient trends across small topographic gradients. Multiple key drivers promoting spatial variability in the resilience of rear edge forests remain largely unassessed, including amplified and buffered thermal exposure induced by heatwaves along topographic gradients, and increased herbivory pressure on tree saplings in defaunated areas lacking efficient apex predators. Here we analysed whether indicators of forest resilience to global warming are strongly modulated by local‐scale topographic, microclimatic and biotic conditions. We studied a protected rear edge forest of sessile oak Quercus petraea, applying a suite of 20 indicators of resilience of tree secondary growth, including multidecadal and short‐term indices. We also analysed sapling recruitment success, recruit/adult ratios and sapling thermal exposure across topographic gradients. We found large within population variation in secondary growth resilience, in recruitment success and in thermal exposure of tree saplings to heatwaves, and this variability was spatially structured along small‐scale topographical gradients. Multidecadal resilience indices and curves provide useful descriptors of forest vulnerability to climate warming, complementing assessments based in the analysis of short‐term resilience indicators. Species‐specific associations of trees with microclimatic variability are reported. Biotic factors are key in determining long‐term resilience in climatically stressed rear edge forests, with strong limitation of sapling recruitment by increased roe deer and wild boar herbivory. Our results also support non‐stationary effects of climate determining forest growth responses and resilience, showing increased negative effects of warming and drought over the last decades in declining stands. Synthesis. Our findings do not support scenarios predicting spatially homogeneous distributional shifts and limited resilience in rear edge populations, and are more supportive of scenarios including spatially heterogeneous responses, characterised with contrasting intra‐population trends of forest resilience. We conclude that forest resilience responses to climate warming are strongly modulated by local‐scale microclimatic, topographic and biotic factors. Accurate predictions of forest responses to changes in climate would therefore largely benefit from the integration of local‐scale abiotic and biotic factors.
Quantifying Renin-Angiotensin-System Alterations in COVID-19

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in a wide series of physiological processes, among which inflammation and blood pressure regulation. One of its key components, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, has been identified as the entry point of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the host cells, and therefore a lot of research has been devoted to study RAS dysregulation in COVID-19. Here we discuss the alterations of the regulatory RAS axes due to SARS-CoV-2 infection on the basis of a series of recent clinical investigations and experimental analyzes quantifying, e.g., the levels and activity of RAS components. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of these data in view of disentangling the links between the impaired RAS functioning and the pathophysiological characteristics of COVID-19. We also review the effects of several RAS-targeting drugs and how they could potentially help restore the normal RAS functionality and minimize the COVID-19 severity. Finally, we discuss the conflicting evidence found in the literature and the open questions on RAS dysregulation in SARS-CoV-2 infection whose resolution would improve our understanding of COVID-19.
Correlation of Vertical Dimension of Occlusion with the Length of Fingers in Different Ethnicity and Gender in Nepal

A bstrAct Aim and objective: To compare and correlate the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) with the length of fingers in different gender and ethnicity in the Nepalese population. Materials and methods: The study was done on 115 dental students in Kathmandu valley. The study included 41 male and 74 female samples among which 59 were Aryan and 56 were of Mongolian ethnicity. Measurement of VDO was done from the base of the nose to the base of the chin and measurement of finger length was done from the tip of the finger to the distal-most point closest to the metacarpophalangeal crease using a modified digital Vernier caliper. All the data were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The VDO was positively correlated with all the fingers of the left and right hand with p values < 0.05. The mean VDO of the male was 4.28 mm higher than that of the female. The mean VDO among Aryans was 2.43 mm lower than that of Mongolians. The highest correlation of VDO in Aryans and Mongolians was seen with the length of the thumb. This correlation was statistically significant with a p value < 0.05. Conclusion: The study showed that the VDO was positively correlated with the length of fingers. There was a positive association between the VDO and gender as well as ethnicity. A proportional relationship exists between VDO and the length of thumb irrespective of gender and ethnicity.
Ultraviolet Radiation Drives Emission of Climate‐Relevant Gases From Marine Phytoplankton

Marine phytoplankton contribute about one half of global primary production and play a key role in global biogeochemical cycles. High cell densities in extensive phytoplankton blooms are expected to be modified by global changes in ocean circulation and stratification, acidification and carbonation, solar radiation, temperature, and eutrophication. Although photochemical gas production from chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) has been widely studied, ultraviolet (UV) effects on emissions from phytoplankton cells themselves have not been fully explored. We therefore investigated UV‐driven emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ethene (C2H4), ethane (C2H6), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from cell suspensions of 16 phytoplankton species and their filtrates under controlled experimental conditions. These gases make direct or indirect contributions to radiative forcing of the atmosphere or contribute to atmospheric chemistry including stratospheric ozone (O3) depletion. We observed production of CH4, CO, CO2, C2H4, and N2O from cell suspensions and CO, CO2, and N2O after 0.45 μm‐filtration to remove phytoplankton cells. CH4 production was only observed with cells present, whereas N2O was still produced after filtration. Production of CO from filtrates was 30%–90% of that from cell suspensions in all but two species with a CO2:CO mole ratio from filtrates always below one. Our results clearly demonstrate a need to quantify the production potentials of these climate‐relevant gases in situ under natural sunlight using key phytoplankton species, especially those forming blooms which are predicted to change in prevalence and distribution with future global change scenarios.