Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF ALTERNATED DRINKING SALINE WELL WATER AND VITAMIN C SUPPLEMENTATION ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS UNDER SOUTH SINAI CONDITIONS

: This work aimed to study the effect of using vitamin C and alternation of drinking saline well water with tap water on hematological parameters, biochemical blood constituents, hormonal profile and productive performance of laying hens drinking saline well water under South Sinai conditions. A total number of 120 Commercial Browne Lohmann LSL laying hens (34 weeks old and average body weight of 1996.9±18.7 g) were randomly divided into four equal treatments (30 hens of each). The 1 st treatment (Tr1), hens drank tap water (containing 265 ppm TDS) and fed basal diet (considered as control). The 2 nd treatment (Tr2), hens drank saline well water (containing 3398 ppm TDS) and fed basal diet. The 3 rd treatment (Tr3), hens drank saline well water and fed diet containing 2 % vitamin C (commercial product containing 20 % vitamin C). The 4 th treatment (Tr4), hens drank saline well water alternate weekly with drank fresh tap water until the end of experiment (hens drank saline well water every other week) and fed basal diet. The results showed that red blood cells and hemoglobin level were significantly decreased, while, m ean corpuscular volume and Heterophils/Lymphocytes ratio were significantly increased in Tr2 when compared with Tr1 . Glucose level significantly decreased in Tr2 compared with other treatments. Cholesterol level significantly decreased in Tr3 when compared with Tr2, Tri-iodothyronine hormone significantly decreases in the Tr2 when compared with Tr3 group. Progesterone level significantly increased in Tr4 when compared with Tr2. However , there are significant differences among treatments in final body weight, egg weight, egg number, egg mass, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate. In conclusion, laying hens alternated drank saline water with tap water every week or using vitamin C in feeds may alleviate the drastic effect of drinking saline well water on blood parameters and thus positively reflected on laying hen's performance .
Potential of using Two Types of Reed for Pulp and Paper Industry

The objective of this study is to measure and evaluate the suitability of two types of reed, namely giant reed ( Arundo donax ) and common reed ( Phragmites australis ) as non-woody raw materials using soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulping process for pulp and paper industry. Two fractions of reed were used to produce experimental papersheets. The two fractions are woody stem and whole plant including woody stem, leaves, and sheathes. The biometric characteristics, such as extractive solvents, chemical, morphological properties, and physical properties in addition to some strength properties of the papersheets made from these resources were measured. The results indicated that P. australis had the highest contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and ash were 53.5%, 33.9% and 3.9%, respectively while the lowest lignin content value was 13.6%. Fiber length of both types of fiber length were also determined as 1800μm and 1400μm. The derived Runkel ratio and flexibility coefficient for P. australis were also determined as 1.25, 61.4, respectively. made from the two reed types were significantly different from each other. Based on the results of this study, it appears that both types of reed, giant reed and common reed could have a potential to be used as an alternative raw material for pulp and paper production with accepted properties.
In Vitro Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities and Antioxidant Capacity of Helichrysum cymosum and Helichrysum pandurifolium Schrank Constituents

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of systemic metabolic disorders with a high rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to the detrimental side effects of the current treatment, there is a great need to develop more effective antidiabetic drugs with fewer side effects. Natural products are a well-known source for the discovery of new scaffolds for drug discovery, including new antidiabetic drugs. The genus Helichrysum has been shown to produce antidiabetic natural products. In this investigation, the methanolic extract of H. cymosum and H. pandurifolium resulted in the isolation and identification of eleven known compounds viz 5,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2-phenyl flavanone (1), pinostrobin (2), dihydrobaicalein (3), glabranin (4), allopatuletin (5), pinostrobin chalcone (6), helichrysetin (7), 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (8), 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (9), 3-O-methylquercetin (10), and 3-methylethergalangin (11). The in vitro bio-evaluation of isolated compounds against alpha-glucosidase showed that 10, 5, and 11 demonstrated the highest alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 9.24 ± 0.4, 12.94 ± 0.2, and 16.00 ± 2.4 μM respectively, followed by 7 and 3 with IC50 values of 18.16 ± 1.2 and 44.44 ± 0.2 μM respectively. However, none of these compounds showed a measurable inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase under the experimental conditions used except compound 10 which showed a poor alpha-amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 230.66 ± 15.8 μM. Additionally, strong total antioxidant capacities were demonstrated by 10, 5 and 7 in ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power assay (374.34 ± 69.7; 334.37 ± 1.7; 279.93 ± 0.8) µmol AAE/mmol. This is the first scientific report to be carried out on alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities and antioxidant capacities of H. cymosum constituents and a first report on the isolation and identification of methoxyflavanoids from H. pandurifolium. Our findings suggest that these compounds are promising candidates to inhibit alpha-glucosidase as well as oxidative stress related to diabetes. Results from molecular docking provided insight into the observed in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities for 5, 7, 10, and 11. It is envisaged that the isolated phytochemicals from these plants may contribute to the development of hypoglycemic lead compounds with anti-diabetic potential.
Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as potent protease enzyme producers isolated from the aquatic environment

Protease-producing bacteria were isolated from freshwater samples collected previously from the Rosetta branch (Nile River, Egypt) and were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The optimization of the culture conditions as pH, incubation time, substrates, carbon, and nitrogen sources were applied for maximizing the production of protease enzyme as well as the application of enzyme partial purification and enzyme characterization to study the effects of pH, temperatures, and different types of metals. The results referred to the best conditions for protease production of Bacillus subtilis
Molecular phylogeny and evolution of bioluminescence in Odontosyllis (Annelida, Syllidae)

ABSTRACT Marine worms of the genus Odontosyllis (Syllidae, Annelida) are well known for spectacular bioluminescent courtship rituals. During the reproductive period, the benthic marine worms leave the ocean floor and swim to the surface to spawn, using bioluminescent light for mate attraction. The behavioural aspects of the courtship ritual have been extensively investigated but little is known about the origin and evolution of light production in Odontosyllis that may be a key factor shaping the natural history of the group. To investigate the speciation patterns and evolutionary history of Odontosyllis, we inferred phylogenies following a gene concatenation approach using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference with a multilocus molecular dataset including nuclear (18S rRNA) and mitochondrial markers (16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) from 51 Odontosyllis specimens. We also used the resulting phylogenetic tree to perform an ancestral state reconstruction analysis to trace the origin of bioluminescence within the group. Our results reveal that the genus Odontosyllis as currently delineated is a paraphyletic group that needs to be taxonomically revised to reflect evolutionary relationships. Nevertheless, our analyses recover two supported clades with bioluminescent species and suggest that the most recent common ancestor of luminous syllids was not bioluminescent, providing evidence that bioluminescence has evolved independently twice in the group. We discuss possible scenarios for the origin and evolution of light production and the potential role of bioluminescence courtship as a driver of speciation. Our results shed light on the evolutionary history of luminous syllids and suggest that bioluminescence might represent a key factor shaping the evolution of these organisms.
In the eye of the storm? Mapping out a story of principals’ decision-making in an era of decentralisation and re-centralisation

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to explore how Swedish principals experienced the decentralisation and re-centralisation reforms and how they affected principals’ autonomy and decision-making capacity. Data were obtained from three surveys of Swedish principals, carried out in 2005, 2012 and 2019. The results show that principals experienced a high degree of autonomy in their decision-making in 2005 and 2012 and also a balanced control from state and municipalities. At the time of the third study in 2019, principals continue to express a rather high degree of autonomy, but this autonomy is now combined with an increased degree of control. However, given the high degree of autonomy, in combination with low degree of conflicts between different stakeholders, the article concludes that the expression ‘in the eye of the storm there is calm’ appears to suit Swedish principals’ decision-making, at least, in the development of decentralisation and re-centralisation.
Let's go: Early universe 2. Primordial nucleosynthesis the computer way

This is a revised description and manual for the primordial nucleosynthesis program, NUC123, an updated and modified version of the code of R.V. Wagoner. NUC123 has undergone a number of changes, further enhancing its documentation and ease of use. Presented here is a guide to its use, followed by a series of appendices containing specific details such as a summary of the basic structure of the program, a description of the computational algorithm, and a presentation of the theory incorporated into the program.
Improving the documentation of chaperones during intimate examinations in a surgical admissions unit: A four-stage approach

BACKGROUND: The General Medical Council (GMC) states that all intimate examinations should have a chaperone offered. Documentation of chaperone identity, or patient’s refusal, is essential. OBJECTIVE: This project aimed to improve documentation of chaperones during intimate examination of patients based in a Surgical Admissions Unit (SAU) within a large tertiary hospital in the Southwest of the UK. METHODS: A Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle structure was used. Initial data collection and planning occurred in December 2019. Intervention implementation and analysis occurred from January 2020 to March 2021. Intervention 1 involved presenting results at a clinical governance meeting. Intervention 2 was information posters in the SAU and intervention 3 involved training sessions for nursing staff. Intervention 4 was editing the surgical clerking proforma. RESULTS: Prior to interventions, chaperone identity or patient’s refusal was correctly documented only 9.7% (N = 7 out of 72) of the time. Intervention 1 increased this to 34.6%. Following interventions 3 and 4, correct documentation was 25.0% and 28.6% respectively. After intervention 4 correct documentation was at 59.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Initial documentation of chaperones was poor. Interventions 1 to 3 were successful in educating clinicians how to document accurately, but engaging individuals in person was more successful than passive education through posters. Changing the proforma structure was the most successful intervention. This suggests a visual reminder for clinicians at the point of contact with the patient is the most effective way to encourage correct documentation of chaperones, improving patient care and clinical practice.
Effects of the rule of law and central bank independence on economic inequality and surplus value

ABSTRACT In this study, panel data, which were obtained from 36 countries, are utilized to empirically explore the factors that affect economic inequality before redistribution through taxes and social security. Our estimations reveal that legal origin influences the resolution of the paradox in which economic inequality before redistribution is high, although redistribution is low. Simultaneously, the Gini coefficient before redistribution can be lowered by strengthening the rule of law in countries with English legal origin, which is not the case in countries with other legal origins. In countries with French legal origins, strengthening the rule of law will increase the redistribution function. Furthermore, the rule of law, as well as central bank independence, can reduce economic inequality. The rule of law exhibits a negative relationship with the rate of surplus value, and the rate of surplus value exhibits a negative association with central bank independence. Simultaneously, the rule of law and central bank independence synergistically reduce economic inequalities. Thus, a weak rule of law, coupled with the absence of central bank independence, will promote monetary easing policies, which favours politicians. Moreover, inappropriate monetary easing policies would increase the control of companies over workers and promote exploitation.
Gift-Giving as a Conversion Device in Online Marketplaces

The social foundations of the platform economy stand at the forefront of academic research in economic sociology, communication, and organization studies. Can a study of patterns of gift-giving in online marketplaces further our understanding of the social ties and normative structures underpinning trade? This study suggests that the answer is in the affirmative. Studies of gift-giving in offline markets assert that gifting is predicated on reciprocity and social obligation, and enables the constitution and reproduction of social ties that facilitate trade. This article presents a three-pronged theoretical argument. First, it extends the argument that gifting creates a social space that is open to manipulations and interpretations. Second, it asserts that gift-giving in the online marketplace should be viewed as a particular type of “market device,” an object that guides market actors how to make sense of their socio-economic actions. Third, the article argues that gifting operates as a “conversion device” providing buyers and sellers with a flexible material and symbolic resource that allows them to oscillate and convert between distinct moral frameworks that co-exist within the socio-cultural institution of gift-giving. Based on 54 in-depth interviews, this study finds that gifting flourishes around reputation systems, pointing to their central role in the platform economy. The role of gift-giving as a conversion device is developed and discussed, and the way sellers employ it to convert the normative framework depicting reputation systems as rational and calculative, into a framework highlighting reciprocity and obligation.
Metals concentrations and ecological risk assessments of fish farms sediments in Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt.

As result of the freshwater sacristy and growing demands for production, the usage of fresh Nile water (Ri-W) for fish cultivation has been banned and replaced by the usage of agricultural drainage water (ADW). The agricultural drains collect wastewater from various sources that pose a potential for metal pollution. Subsequently, affect the quality of water and sediments of the receiving fish farm and poses health hazards to cultured fish and man. Farms’ sediments act as a reservoir for metals and an internal source of metal. Thus, the evaluation of its metal contents and their indications are preferred for tilapia culture management. The present study investigates the levels of 7 metals (essential, and non-essential) in the surficial sediments of three fish farms irrigated with two different water sources (RiW, and ADW). Followed by an evaluation of
UNC-5 (UNC5) mediates neuronal outgrowth patterning in Caenorhabditis elegans by regulating UNC-40 (DCC) asymmetric localization

Neurons extend processes that vary in number, length, and direction of outgrowth. Extracellular cues help determine outgrowth patterns. In Caenorhabditis elegans, neurons respond to the extracellular UNC-6 (netrin) cue via UNC-40 (DCC) and UNC-5 (UNC5) receptors. Previously we presented evidence that UNC-40 asymmetric localization at the plasma membrane is self-organizing and that UNC-40 can localize and mediate outgrowth at randomly selected sites. We also postulate that the process is statistically dependent, i.e. if the probability of outgrowth at one site changes then the probability at another site(s) must also change. Over time, the direction of outgrowth activity fluctuates across the membrane. A probability distribution describes the likelihood of outgrowth in each direction. Random walk modeling predicts that the degree to which the direction of outgrowth fluctuations affects the outward displacement of the membrane. We predict that extracellular cues create patterns of outgrowth by differentially affecting the degree to which the direction of outgrowth activity fluctuates along the membrane. This produces different rates of outgrowth along the surface and creates patterns of extension. Here we present evidence that UNC-5 (UNC5) receptor activity regulates UNC-40 asymmetric localization and the patterning of outgrowth. We show that unc-5 mutations alter UNC-40 asymmetric localization and the patterns of outgrowth that neurons develop. Genetic interactions suggest UNC-5 acts through the UNC-53 (NAV2) cytoplasmic protein to regulate UNC-40 asymmetric localization in response to both the UNC-6 and EGL-20 (wnt) extracellular cues.
Improved Hierarchical Codebook-Based Channel Estimation for mmWave Massive MIMO Systems

A novel approach is proposed to improve channel estimation accuracy in hierarchical codebook-based beam search for millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) transmissions with channels that are accessible only through analog beamforming. Our approach is targeted at overcoming the resolution limit of directional angle estimation. In the proposed method, the data transmission beam is determined based on either two or three candidate codewords in the bottom layer and their beamforming gains. Design of the optimal beam is derived by exploiting the analytic structure of codewords in the bottom layer of the hierarchical codebook. Compared to conventional schemes used to increase the angle estimation resolution, the proposed scheme presents a higher achievable data rate in practical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ranges as well as superior channel estimation accuracy. This is verified through simulation results. The proposed method requires fewer codewords to be probed for beam training compared to the conventional methods, which reduces complexity.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID AND TIRON (4-5 DIHYDROXY- 1, 3 BENZENDISULFONIC ACID) AGAINST MERCURY CHLORIDEINDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND NEUROTOXICITY IN RABBIT

The current study was performed to assess the potential of 4-5 dihydroxy-1, 3 benzendisulfonic acid (Tiron) and L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) against inorganic mercury (mercuric chloride-HgCl2) induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in female New Zealand white rabbits. 10 rabbits per group were assigned to one of four treated groups: 0 mg HgCl2, 0 mg Ascorbic acid and 0 mg Tiron (control); 1mg Hg Cl2/kg BW orally; 1mg HgCl2/kg BW orally plus 1gm ascorbic acid /liter in drinking water; HgCl2/kg BW orally plus 471mg Tiron/kg BW I/P. Rabbits were administered HgCl2 and ascorbic acid for three months while Tiron administered in 6 concessive doses for 15 days at the level of three doses per week. Biochemical analyses on oxidative stress-related parameters and acetylcholine esterase activity as neurotransmitter were carried out. Histopathological analyses for detecting the cellular damage in brain tissues of exposed rabbits were also performed. Results obtained showed that HgCl2 significantly (p<0.05) increased in brain of Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. Histopathological analysis of the brain revealed that neuronal degeneration with apoptotic features in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Loss and significant (p<0.05) decrease of purkinje cells number in cerebellum was detected. Also the purkinje cells lost the normal shape and became distorted. Most of the above parameters responded positively with either Tiron or vitamin C therapy, but more pronounced beneficial effects on the previous described parameters were observed in Tiron treated group. It is concluded that the protective effect of vitamin C as antioxidant and Tiron as a chelating agent against mercury chloride - induced neurotoxicity. Tiron was more effective than vitamin C in restoration of the most investigated parameters.
Parameters of the adhesive setae and setal fields of the Jamaican radiation of anoles (Dactyloidae: Anolis): potential for ecomorphology at the microscopic scale

The subdigital adhesive pads of Caribbean Anolis lizards are considered to be a key innovation that permits occupation of novel ecological niches. Although previous work has demonstrated that subdigital pad morphology and performance vary with habitat use, such investigations have only considered the macroscale aspects of these structures (e.g. pad area). The morphological agents of attachment, however, are arrays of hair-like fibres (setae) that terminate in an expanded tip (spatula) and have not been examined in a similar manner. Here we examine the setal morphology and setal field configuration of ecologically distinct species of the monophyletic Jamaican Anolis radiation from a functional and ecological perspective. We find that anoles occupying the highest perches possess greater setal densities and smaller spatulae than those exploiting lower perches. This finding is consistent with the concept of contact splitting, whereby subdivision of an adhesive area into smaller and more densely packed fibres results in an increase in adhesive performance. Micromorphological evidence also suggests that the biomechanics of adhesive locomotion may vary between Anolis ecomorphs. Our findings indicate that, in a similar fashion to macroscale features of the subdigital pad, its microstructure may vary in relation to performance and habitat use in Caribbean Anolis.
Inertial primal-dual dynamics with damping and scaling for linearly constrained convex optimization problems

We propose an inertial primal-dual dynamic with damping and scaling coefficients, which involves inertial terms both for primal and dual variables, for a linearly constrained convex optimization problem in a Hilbert setting. With different choices of damping and scaling coefficients, by a Lyapunov analysis approach, we investigate the asymptotic properties of the dynamic and prove its fast convergence results. Our results can be viewed as extensions of the existing ones on inertial dynamical systems for the unconstrained convex optimization problem to the primal-dual one for the linearly constrained convex optimization problem.