Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the higher order structure of the spliceosomal RNA network

Majority of the genes of higher eukaryotes possess introns (internal non-coding sequences) which have to be excised via splicing to generate translatable mRNAs. Recognition and pairing of the correct 5' and 3" splice sites of a pre-mRNA are critical events that occur early during spliceosome assembly. Little is known about the spatial organization in early spliceosomal complexes of the U1 and U2 snRNPs, which together with several non-snRNP proteins, are involved in juxtapositioning the functional sites of the pre-mRNA. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of splice site recognition/pairing, we have examined the organization of U2 relative to U1 and pre-mRNA in spliceosomal complexes via hydroxyl radical probing with Fe-BABE tethered U2 snRNA. U2 snRNA, a key player in nuclear pre-mRNA splicing, contains a 5'-terminal m3G cap and many internal modifications. Firstly, we investigated the roles of individual modified nucleotides of HeLa U2 snRNA in pre-mRNA splicing. We show that the three pseudouridines and five 2'-O-methyl groups within the first 20 nucleotides of U2 snRNA, but not the m3G cap, are required for efficient pre-mRNA splicing.In the second part of this work, site-directed hydroxyl radical probing experiments revealed that functional sites of the pre-mRNA are located close to the 5' end of U2 both in E and A complexes. U2 is also positioned close to U1 in a defined orientation already in the E complex, and their relative spatial organization remains largely unchanged during the E to A transition. As such, U1 and U2 snRNPs bridge the ends of the intron. By mapping the hydroxyl radical cleavage data onto the U1 snRNA in the U1 snRNP 3D model, the U2 interaction domain was shown to be located on the "back" side of U1 snRNP.
Development of 112w Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System for Cars

Twentieth century vehicles and some twenty first century vehicles were not manufactured with the provision of a car refrigeration system. Incorporating vapour compression refrigeration system in these vehicles will pose problems because their engines were not designed to carry the load which the present car refrigeration system operating on the vapour-compression cycle employs. So a car refrigerating unit which operates on the principle of vapour absorption refrigerating system, using exhaust heat as its energy for operation, was designed and constructed. The major parts of the refrigerating system are the evaporator, condenser, generator and absorber and their capacities were determined to be 112W, 111W, 210W and 440W respectively. On performance evaluation, using water and ammonia as absorbent and refrigerant respectively as the working fluid, the refrigerator was able to achieve an evaporator temperature of 21 o C and had actual Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 0.32. Although the actual coefficient of performance of the refrigerating system is low, it is still useful for keeping passenger consumables fresh and cool throughout a journey.
Interspecific chromosomal divergences in the genus Characidium (Teleostei: Characiformes: Crenuchidae)

Os cariotipos de sete especies de peixes do genero Characidium, tres estudadas pela primeira vez, foram caracterizados com o uso das tecnicas citogeneticas convencionais (Giemsa, Ag-RONs e bandamento-C). Todas as especies apresentaram numero diploide de 2n=50 cromossomos, com predominância de cromossomos dos tipos meta e submetacentricos. Nesse estudo foi tambem observada a presenca de ate tres cromossomos B em celulas de duas especies, C. oiticicai e C. pterostictum. O bandamento C e o tratamento com nitrato de prata revelaram significativas diferencas nos cariotipos das especies analisadas. A especie Characidium cf. zebra apresenta heterocromatina restrita as regioes pericentromericas dos cromossomos e ausencia de heteromorfismos cromossomicos relacionados a diferenciacao sexual, enquanto as especies Characidium lanei, C. pterostictum, lauroi, C. oiticicai, C. schubarti e Characidium sp. , evidenciaram, alem de blocos pericentromericos tambem observados em Characidium cf. zebra, grandes blocos heterocromaticos intersticiais e/ou terminais e sistema cromossomico de diferenciacao sexual do tipo ZZ-ZW. A heterocromatina constitutiva parece exercer papel relevante no processo de diferenciacao cromossomica destas especies, principalmente em relacao a diferenciacao de cromossomos sexuais. O isolamento geografico dos rios em que essas especies foram amostradas, bem como o seu modo de vida restrito as regioes de cabeceira, podem ter favorecido o processo de diferenciacao cromossomica e a fixacao dos cariotipos particulares encontrados em cada uma das especies analisadas.
RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL INDICATORS OF FINANCIAL EFFICACY AND DESIRABLE SAVINGS BEHAVIOUR AMONG EAST LONDON LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS

Since the principal source of retirement income is savings, the significance of projecting desirable savings behaviour during the pre-retirement phase can never be overestimated. Notably, the majority of low-income consumers in South Africa are not sufficiently prepared for retirement. This provides fertile ground for clarifying the importance of positive long-term savings behaviour. This study aimed to present a composite view by delineating both rational and irrational markers of financial efficacy and self-reported savings behaviour, whilst simultaneously discussing how such determinants can be predisposed towards increasing an individual’s retirement savings rate. Procedural techniques in the form of multiple regression analysis quantified the impact of financial risk tolerance, perceived income adequacy and social norms influence on individuals’ efficacy towards long-term savings behaviour. The findings of this study have practical implications for financial advisors, on how increased financial needs awareness amongst low-income consumers regarding future retirement life may be generated. Furthermore, this paper contributes towards the development of thriving communities by proffering knowledge on enhancing resource utilisation in lieu of increasing long-term financial security among low-income households.
Factors Affecting the Purchase of Counterfeit Products in Pakistan

Counterfeit products are the replicas of branded luxury products. The industry of counterfeit is booming these days in Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to identify which factors affect the purchase of counterfeit products in Pakistan. Data was gathered via online questionnaires from business students of private universities of Lahore. For data analysis SPSS and AMOS were used with the help of this data frequencies, correlation and regression parameters of results were interpreted by usual principles of statistics. The findings suggested that materialism, brand personality, prestige and peers opinion have a significant effect on the purchase of counterfeit products. Whereas perceived risk does not have any noteworthy influence on the purchase of counterfeit products.
Hubungan Pola Makan dan Tingkat Stres terhadap Kekambuhan Gastritis di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tarok Kota Payakumbuh Tahun 2017

Gastritis adalah proses inflamasi yang disebabkan oleh faktor iritasi dan infeksi pada mukosa dan s ubmukosa lambung. Gastritis dapat mengalami kekambuhan yang dipengaruhi oleh pola makan dan stres. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan pola makan dan tingkat stres terhadap kekambuhan gastritis pada masyarakat wilayah kerja puskesmas Tarok kota Payakumbuh tahun 2017. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross-sectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pasien gastritis Puskesmas Tarok kota Payakumbuh tahun 2017. Terdapat sembilan puluh sampel yang diambil dengan teknik systematic random sampling. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah kuesioner untuk mendapatkan data pola makan, tingkat stres dan kekambuhan gastritis responden. Data dianalisis dengan Chi-square untuk pola makan dan kekambuhan gastritis dan Kruskall-wallis untuk tingkat stres dan kekambuhan gastritis. Hasil univariat didapatkan prevalensi kambuh (55,6%), sampel dengan pola makan kurang baik (20%) dan sampel dengan tingkat stres berat (26,7%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pola makan dengan kekambuhan gastritis (p=0,000) dan juga ada hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan kekambuhan gastritis (p=0,000). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pola makan dan tingkat stres dengan kekambuhan gastritis pada masyarakat wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tarok kota Payakumbuh tahun 2017.
Accuracy of digital light processing versus selective LASER sintering surgical-templates for All-On-Four technique of computer guided dental implant placement in the mandible: a prospective double blind randomized clinical trial

Purpose: Success and safety of dental implants requires accurate treatment planning andprecise implant placement. There should be no deviation between the virtually planned implantposition and the actual implant position after the implant installation regardless the technique ofconstruction of the surgical-guide. So this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of twodifferent CAD/CAM surgical guides in placement of all-on-4 implants. Materials and methods:A prospective randomized controlled double blind clinical study was carried out, in which twentyfour implants were placed in 6 edentulous patients. Patients were randomly allocated into one of thetwo groups: control group where surgeries were done using digital light processing (DLP) surgicalguidesand study group where implants were placed using selective laser sintering (SLS) surgicalguides.Each patient received 4 implants in the anterior part of the mandible, 2 axial implants in thecenter and 2 tilted implants at the distal ends. CBCT were taken to the implants after the surgery andthe actual implant positions were compared to the planned implant position. The deviation betweenthe planned and actual implant positions were compared between the 2 techniques of surgical guideconstructions. Results: The results of comparison between the two groups showed a statisticallysignificant difference for all comparisons, with the SLS fabricated guides showing higher deviationfrom control than those fabricated by the DLP printer.Conclusion: Although the computer manufactured surgical guides simplifies surgery and helpin optimal implant placement, there is still evidence of degree of deviation from the planned implantspositions in both of the surgical guides, particularly the SLS fabricated guides so a safety zone so asafety zone is recommended during planning to avoid to avoid critical anatomical structures.
Taxonomic Studies of Podostemaceae of Thailand. 1. Hydrobryum and Related Genera with Crustaceous Roots (Subfamily Podostemoideae)

Recent field work and collections, aleng with herbarium work, have discoyered that thrcc civstaceous-rooted genera with 13 spccies of subt'amily Podostenioideae occur in Thailand. They are two species of HtinsenieUa, onc of which (Ha, sniitinandii) is new, thc recently describcd genus and species, T7tawatckaia trilohata, and 1O species ofL4,drobr),um, including six new species and one new variety: Hy. chiangmaiense, I(;,. kaengsophense, H)-{ khacu,aiense, H)? , loeicum, h:r somranii, lly taFdhuangense, and H.v. mictuntherutn var. crassum. Thailand is a center ofdistribution for the monophyletic group of Hydrobr.vum, IIIinsenielta and 711iai・vatchqia, which are distributed throughout Thaiiand except in the peninsular. All thc species and varieties are described. A key to the species, a table ofdiagnostie reproductive charactcrs, 1ists of synonyms and illustrations are provided.
Effect of stress and diapause in two Calliphoridae species

Cultures of two Dipteran flies (Calliphora vicina (R-D) and C. vomitoria (L.)) were established to answer questions in regards to responses to thermal and desiccation stress, effects of diapause and the mechanisms which underpin diapause. The findings are divided in to two sections. Unequivocal new findings – Calliphora vomitoria were seen to depend on water being present in culture medium for increased survival. Furthermore, C. vomitoria were found to have lower desiccation resistance than C. vicina. Larvae of C. vicina and C. vomitoria showed different cold tolerance strategies, with C. vicina being freeze-avoiding and C. vomitoria ‘partially’ freeze-tolerant. Metabolomics, using \(^1\)H-NMR, revealed that diapause and non-diapause had distinct metabolic profiles. Diapause larvae were seen to reduce energy synthesis from the Krebs cycle and increase glycolysis. Calliphora vicina and C. vomitoria also exhibited different diapause phenotypes; C. vicina entered a maternally regulated facultative diapause as an L3 larvae, Calliphora vomitoria had a less distinct diapause, with maternal conditions having little effect. Speculative new findings - Despite the above differences C. vicina and C. vomitoria were able to produce a viable cross, though field fresh C. vomitoria were not used, as such it cannot be confirmed if this could occur in the wild. Increased temperatures due to climate change may affect both phenology and survival of insects; C. vicina was seen to have a delayed induction to diapause and a reduction in the proportion entering diapause. Diapause conferred increased cold tolerance; therefore those insects that overwinter not in diapause may suffer increased mortality.
MANAGEMENT RELATED CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF BUILDING PROJECTS

The failure of building projects or works is becoming endemic in the global stage, of which Ghana is of no exception. This study identified project manager related critical success factors that affect the success of building projects in Technical Universities in Ghana. Five technical universities were randomly selected for the study. The study selected 120 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive data analysis methods such as mean, standard deviation, standard error was used to analyze the data. The analysis revealed that the project manager related critical success factors for construction projects in technical universities in Ghana included: the competence of the project manager; the experience of the project manager; the quality, cost and time commitment of the project manager; the project manager's authority to take decisions; and the leadership skills of the project manager. The conclusion from the study is that project managers play a very crucial role towards the success of building projects in the technical universities in Ghana.
Milk Production and Mammary Extraction of Nutrients by Late Lactating Cross-bred Saanen Goats Supplemented with Betaine in Diet

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementary betaine in diet on milk secretion, milk composition, mammary extraction of nutrients and relevant parameters in late lactating cross-bred Saanen goats. Ten, multiparous, non-pregnant cross-bred Saanen goats of approximately 10 weeks postpartum were used for the study. The animals were divided into two groups of five animals each. Animals in the experimental group received diet containing 4 g betaine per kg of concentrate diet for four weeks, while the control group received similar concentrate diet without betaine as concurrent control. Results showed that milk yields of betaine supplemented animals increased in both treatment and post-treatment periods by approximately 18% of the pretreatment level. Mean values of 4% fat corrected milk (FCM) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the betaine supplemented animals (1.23 kg/d) than the control animals (0.98 kg/d). Roughage DMI of the animals receiving betaine supplementation decreased significantly (p < 0.05) during treatment and post-treatment periods. Concentrations of milk fat during betaine supplementation were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than during pre-treatment and post-treatment periods. A significant increase in arterial plasma concentration of acetate (p < 0.05), arterio-venous concentration difference and mammary extraction ratio of acetate tended to increase (0.05 < p < 0.10), while β-hydroxybutyrate, triglyceride and glucose were not affected by dietary betaine supplementation. Betaine supplementation had no effects on plasma volume, blood volume, extracellular fluid volume, intracellular fluid volume and volume of total body water as compared with those of the control animals. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I and thyroxin were not affected by supplementary betaine in diet. These results suggest that dietary betaine supplementation increases milk yield in late lactating cross-bred Saanen goats which is due to an elevation of the plasma acetate level in supplying more source of acetate utilization by peripheral tissues, causing the mammary gland to meet more proportion of other nutrients demand for milk synthesis.
Investigation into "bud blast" in the Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb)

Ethylene and carbohydrate deprivation were investigated as possible causes of bud abortion in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. Silver thiosulfate (STS) was investigated as an inhibitor of ethylene-induced abortion. Fourteen days of 92.5% irradiance reduction increased bud abortion when plants were exposed to 2.07 mM ethephon. Percent bud abortion was 39% and 60% for plants grown in full irradiance and reduced irradiance, respectively. Ethephon resulted in 54% abortion, regardless of irradiance at 4.15 mM. A 70% irradiance reduction for 14 days did not increase bud abortion when plants were treated with ethephon. STS was applied to plants at visible bud + 2 weeks followed by ethephon application 2 days later. Bud abortion was reduced from 69 to 13% with 2 mM STS; the STS x ethephon interaction was significant. STS inhibited ethephoninduced bud abortion when applied at visible bud, 4 weeks prior to ethephon application; However, STS application at flower bud initiation did not prevent/reduce ethephon-induced bud abortion.
Illicit Flows and Criminal Things: States, Borders, and the Other Side of Globalization

Acknowledgments Introduction: The Making of Illicitness Itty Abraham and Willem van Schendel 1. Spaces of Engagement: How Borderlands, Illicit Flows, and Territorial States Interlock Willem van Schendel 2. The Rumor of Trafficking: Border Controls, Illegal Migration, and the Sovereignty of the Nation-State Diana Wong 3. Talking Like a State: Drugs, Borders, and the Language of Control Paul Gootenberg 4. "Here, Even Legislators Chew Them": Coca Leaves and Identity Politics in Northern Argentina Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui 5. Seeing the State Like a Migrant: Why So Many Non-criminals Break Immigration Laws David Kyle and Christina A. Siracusa 6. Criminality and the Global Diamond Trade: A Methodological Case Study Ian Smillie 7. Small Arms, Cattle Raiding, and Borderlands: The Ilemi Triangle Kenneth I. Simala and Maurice Amutabi Consolidated Bibliography Contributors Index
EFFECT OF 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM TRICYANOMETHANE IN EXTRACTIVE DESULPHURIZATION PROCESS ON MODEL OIL

Driven by regulatory requirements to reduce the content of sulphur in fuels, the demand to find an alternative process to hydrodesulphurization is on the rise. In this study, experiments were conducted for the removal of sulphur compound (present as benzothiophene or BT) with concentration of 2000 ppm in the model oil (present as n-dodecane or n-C12) using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethane ([bmim][TCM]) as the extractant. The effects of stirring speed, extraction time and water content on the extraction efficiency were investigated. In the end, the loading factor of the [bmim][TCM] is also discussed where it can be concluded that, more than one mole of [bmim][TCM] may interacted with one mole of BT during extractive desulphurization process.
Performance of lucerne (Medicago sativa) under semi-arid ecosystem of Central Gujarat

The present study was conducted to popularize the improved green fodder production technology in Panchmahals district of Central Gujarat. Constraints in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) production were identified through participatory approach. Preferential ranking technique was utilized to identify the constraints faced by the farmers in lucerne production. The results revealed that lack of suitable HYVs, scarcity of irrigation water, weed (Cuscuta spp.) infestation and lack of technical knowledge were found to be the four most important factors responsible for the non-adoption of HYVs of lucerne in Panchmahals district of Gujarat. The yield of green fodder from lucerne in demonstrated variety Anand 2 was 610 q/ha as compared to local check (395 q/ha). The percentage increase in the yield over local check was computed to be 54.43. Results of study on economic analysis of the yield performance revealed that the front line demonstrations (Anand 2) recorded higher gross returns (Rupees 91 500/ha) and net return (Rupees 64 500/ha) with higher benefit cost ratio (3.39) as compared to local check (2.61). Mean difference with respect to farmersâ€™ knowledge level after implementation of frontline demonstrations increased with the tune of 37.20. The impact of frontline demonstrations was also analyzed which had reflected significant improvement in knowledge and satisfaction level on the part of farmers.
THE CHALLENGES OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES ON SECRETARIAL PROFESSION

The challenges faced by a secretary or a professional secretary as a result of the advent of new technology are very challenging with the uniqueness of her profession. The secretary is an assistant to an executive and is trained to type and performs many office duties. She possesses personal and business qualities and guards her professional ethics of confidentiality. But today the gradual shift towards new technologies in the office threatens her job. Many executives think they can use the computer themselves and thus, they don’t need the secretary. This is so because the modern laptop does not require the executives to know keyboarding because they can talk to or write on the screen and everything would be typed. He can employ internet teleconferencing facilities for meetings. All these notwithstanding, the secretary is indispensable. This is because the executive needs an assistant who invariably must be the secretary who is trained in receiving visitors, answering and making telephone calls when the executive is busy with very important engagements. This paper reveals that secretarial professionals remain relevant in the areas of document preparation, office administration, human relations and executive assistance where the new technology cannot rule. Key words: Challenge, New Technology, Indispensable, Secretarial profession
Oregano : the genera Origanum and Lippia

Oregano: The Genera Origanum and Lippia is an updated analysis of the technical knowledge and market information on the world's most commercially valuable spice. The book treats various aspects of practical significance for the crop's industrialization, such as optimizing germplasm selection and utilization, novel cultivation methods and product processing, blending and uses in different countries, along with other issues not included in previous reviews. Written by leading experts, every aspect of this plant genera is examined in detail. Information is provided on the structural dynamics of Origanum as well as analytical information on extraction, isolation and characterization. This helps the reader form a clear picture of the construction and operation of this specific genus. Extensively referenced, with a special guide to electronic data retrieval strategies, this volume is the definitive source of information for anyone interested in the research and application of Oregano across both academia and industry.