Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discretion as a Factor in Corruption: A Case from Indonesia

Abstract This study asks whether legitimate exercise of discretion led to the charges of corruption brought against regional Indonesian heads by the Corruption Eradication Commission during 2004–2010. This question arises in the context of the findings from numerous studies that cite two main causes for Indonesian regional governments to indulge in budgetary corruption: lack of transparency, supervision, and accountability; and uncontrolled exercise of discretion. Some studies in the literature mention how discretion can lead to corruption if abused. Based on the opinions of various experts regarding the misuse of discretion, there is a need to examine corruption and its relation to discretion. This study’s significance lies in the fact that corruption studies related to discretion are rare. Using a qualitative approach by studying court decision documents and conducting in-depth interviews with several informants, three well-publicized cases are examined. The results show that the charges of corruption could not be considered legitimate discretionary measures. Rather, regional heads acted in violation of clear laws and regulations, jointly or assisted by others, for their personal benefit and not for public interest. The heads simply exceeded their statutory authority. The results also confirm that absent or inadequate accountability encourages corruption.
Reduction of control-chart signal variablity for high-quality processes

The design of a control chart is often based on the statistical measure of average run length (ARL). A longer in-control ARL is ensured by the design, but the variance run length distribution may also be large for such a design. In practical terms, the variability in false alarms and true signals may be large. If the sample size for plotting a point is not constant, then the focus is on the average number inspected as against the ARL. This article considers two well-known attribute control chart procedures for monitoring high quality based on the number inspected, and shows how the variability in false alarms and correct signals can be reduced.
The Code for Sustainable Homes: what are the innovation implications for the social housing development sector?

The research considers the capacity of the social housing development sector to generate or accelerate innovation to meet the Code for Sustainable Homes, the national standard detailing targets for the sustainability of new housing, within project and organisational resource constraints. Innovation in response to the Code needs to be appropriate within the context of multiple organisations acting together to design and deliver housing developments that are timely and cost-effective. The literature review synthesises the themes of innovation, regulation and projects in the context of housing development. The review finds that research into the generation of innovation across the range of organisations involved in early housing design projects to meet these multiple regulatory requirements is found to be both recent and limited in quantity. The research approach for addressing the research questions is justified as a single exploratory case study, and techniques for data collection include semi-structured interviews, workshops and document review. Analysis of data generates a detailed review of the dynamic process of the design of a social housing development by project partners involved in innovative ways of working to meet Code requirements in a landscape of significant and multiple new and established site-specific, local, regional and national regulations. The research finds that the impact of the Code at the design stage is one of negotiation around existing building techniques and recent technologies to reduce CO2 emissions within business finance models and physical site limitations affecting orientation and placement of homes. The Code operates within a range of design requirements defined by project partners at this early stage, and innovation to meet these requirements is predominantly incremental, within a process of iteration, negotiation, compromise and solution. The research outcome makes a contribution to knowledge by extending construction management theory on the relationship between housing construction project innovation and regulation in the context of improving housing sustainability. It achieves this by exploring and illuminating the complex nature of a compelling contemporary, real world situation of a national sector responding to the urgent global imperative to address carbon reduction whilst delivering sustainable social housing.
The BEST approaches to online mentoring

The beginning year of teaching is arguably a critical year for determining the longevity and success of a teacher's career, and the one that would most benefit from induction and mentoring. This paper describes the design and development of a theoretically based, generic website template for online communities of practice for beginning teachers that provides independent and experienced mentoring support. It includes a rich range of resources that are automatically updated and links to professional websites and other relevant sources of support. The paper illustrates and compares the ways in which the online resource can be used as a model to meet the professional needs of different cohorts of beginning and experienced practitioners, using different models of mentoring suited to various levels of funding and professional support.
Capacity studies on DeLavals sort gate DSG10

In the dairy production it is necessary to be able to sort cows. Dairy cows are sorted for many different reasons i.e. regrouping into production strings or for treatments i.e. inseminations, pregnancy and health checks, vaccinations or hoof trimmings. One labour saving way of conducting sorting is by using an automatic sort gate. DeLaval’s sort gate DSG10 is a multiple sort gate that can sort cows in up to five different directions when the dairy cows are returning to the barn from the milking parlour. The sort gate capacity is calculated during the planning process with a theoretical formula based on parlour capacity (cows/hour), percentage of cows to be sorted, distances within the sort gate system, walking speed and time for one cow to pass the DSG10. In this study the two constants in the formula, walking speed and time for one cow to pass the DSG10, were evaluated through time studies conducted on four dairy farms in Sweden and the United States of America. The time studies were conducted by clocking cows when passing through the DSG10 sort gate. To be able to compare the conditions on the different farms these were documented concerning layout in the sorting area, animal environment and management strategies on the farms with photographs, measurements, sketches and interviews with farm staff. From the collected data it was found that walking speed of cows is about 1 m/s. It takes in median 6 seconds for unsorted cows to pass the sort gate and 17 seconds for sorted cows to pass the DSG10. It was found that lame cows walked slower than other cows. Therefore a percentage was added as an extra parameter to the formula to allow for lame cows. The time for all unsorted cows to pass the sort gate was lowered to 5 seconds and an extra time of 4 seconds for every lame cow was put in. However, when evaluating the different formulas it was concluded that lame cows can still be a tricky figure to use, since it can be difficult to forecast the herds claw health. On farms with parlour capacities under approximately 350-400 cows per hour it is sufficient with one DSG10, and on farms milking up to about 800-850 cows per hour it would theoretically be enough with two DSG10’s working at a time. These approximations will be lowered if distances within the sort gate system, percentage of cows that is to be sorted and percentage of lame cows are high.
Technical Paper 8: Energy modelling of the Garden Bothy, Dumfries House

This report presents pre- and post-improvement energy performance data and analysis for the Dumfries House Garden Bothy, an unoccupied 19th-century stone building in Ayrshire. The baseline data was gathered from a site survey in January 2010, and calculated using a range of energy modelling software packages. Improvement measures and specifications were provided by Historic Scotland and measured subsequently.
Avian Wing Bones

Nearly all species of modern birds are capable of flight; therefore mechanical competency of appendages and the rigidity of their skeletal system must be optimized. Birds have developed extremely lightweight skeletal systems that help aid in the generation of lift and thrust forces as well as helping them maintain flight over a long period of time. The wing bones of different species of birds, the California Gull, Pekin Duck, Turkey Vulture, and Common Raven have been analyzed. The structures found within these bones vary from species to species depending on how a particular species utilizes its wings. The California Gull and Turkey Vulture both exhibited struts and/or ridges within their wing bones while the wing bones of the Common Raven were complete hollow. In addition, from optical and Scanning Electron Microscope observation, the wing bones contain similar micro-structure to those of other mammalian long bones. These micro-structures are arranged in osteons located in the compact region of the whole bone. Mineral content analysis was done on the wing bones of each species studied and the data showed that the mineral content in all species studied, except for the Pekin Duck, were similar to the mineral content found in bovine long bone Furthermore, looking at the hardness testing data for the gull, vulture, and raven, and comparing it with the flying habits and size of these birds, it can be seen that the struts and ridges may be playing a role in helping to reinforce the gull and vulture wing bones. This work is funded by the NSF, Ceramics Program Grant 1006931
Preferences for redistribution in Japan

Abstract This paper studies the individual-level determinants of preference for government redistribution in Japan using the Japanese General Social Survey dataset. I argue that country-specific characteristics might create differences in redistribution preferences and find that contrary to the findings in the literature that focus on western countries, being female decreases the demand for redistribution in Japan. Similarly, being affiliated with a religion increases the demand for redistribution instead of decreasing it. Other determinants of redistribution preferences such as income, education and political preferences have a similar effect in Japan compared with western countries. I also test the effect of happiness on redistribution preferences and find that happiness decreases the demand for redistribution.
Safety and EMC aspects of grounding : experimental studies in high-power systems

Measuring systems for voltages and currents in High Power Testing Labs are subject to large disturbances at power and at higher frequencies produced by transients in the test setup. Poorly designed ground loops may affect measurement systems. Resulting net or common mode current through the signal cable shield introduce interference in the signal circuit. A generalized transfer impedance Zt describes this undesired coupling. In a low-frequency network model, two effects contribute to Zt which vary with the cable length l and with l respectively. Several setups for a voltage divider are discussed; all employ the same highvoltage arm. The location and the nature of the low-voltage arm varies. A proper design of the signal circuit ensures a low Zt at the power frequency. Measurements confirm the model, and provide an estimate of the next important interference source: the direct capacitive coupling to the high-voltage arm by neighboring phase leads.
Lynxacarus radovskyi (Acari: Listrophoridae) in a domestic cat from Espírito Santo, Brazil

Lynxacarus radovskyi is of uncommon occurrence and there are few reports in the state of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil. The purpose of the present note is to record the occurrence of L. radovskyi in a Persian domestic cat in Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The animal was asymptomatic, without evidence of dermatological signs. The present report can be informative, once the lack of knowledge in relation to the ectoparasite presence and potential of spread in the regional cat population is constant in the veterinary medicine practice,may cause underreporting of infestations.
Critique of An Analysis of the Blast Overpressure Study Data Comparing Three Exposure Criteria, by Murphy, Khan, and Shaw

Abstract : Murphy et al. analyzed the performance of MIL-STD-1747D, LAEQ8, and the Auditory Hazard Assessment Algorithm for Humans (AHAAH)model as they predicted outcomes on the Albuquerque studies (AS) data set. Unfortunately, they erred in several invalidating ways. First,they overlooked underlying nonlinearities in the hearing protector (which rendered the AS data set unique, the use of MIL-STD-1474D invalid, and the LAEQ8 calculations useless outside the data set). They overlooked the nonlinear conductive path of the ear that, at the very high intensities, greatly affected the energy reaching the cochlea (which implies that their LAEQ8 analyses measured under the muff cannot be usefully extrapolated outside the data set). Their analysis of LAEQ8 under the protector did establish that a criterion level of 110-dB LAEQ8 fits the data, but they failed to comment on the discrepancy between this level and the 85-dB LAEQ8 criterion that is traditionally used. Further, they misapplied the AHAAH model in using the "unwarned" calculation and overlooked the model's capacity to predict the effect on different percentiles of the population. Their analysis indicated that the "warned" calculation with the AHAAH model did rank hazard acceptably for the 95th percentile ear, and we note that it did so for small arms fire as well, all without adjustment. More research in the pressure regime between 115 and 160 dB is needed for the development of a comprehensive damage risk criterion for intense noise.
Characteristics of Small Overlap Crashes

Small overlap frontal crashes occur when vehicles are loaded outboard of their longitudinal structural members. Studies from the 1990s as well as current research have found that these crashes continue to account for a significant percentage of all serious frontal crashes. The National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System database was used to study the characteristics of these crashes in current model vehicles for drivers with injuries (excluding extremity injuries) rated 3 or greater on the abbreviated injury scale. Cases were individually analyzed to only include vehicles in which the majority of the loading was located outboard of the left longitudinal member. Occupant compartment intrusion was the primary factor in the resulting injuries, showing a strong correlation between the magnitude of intrusion and injury severity. Results suggest that vehicle designs must improve their ability to prevent occupant compartment intrusion when a vehicle is loaded at the outboard edges of its front end. The full text of this paper may be found at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa. dot.gov/pdf/esv/esv21/09-0423.pdf For the covering abstract see ITRD E145407.
The Prediction of Submarine Officer Advanced Course Ascendancy from Subscreen Test Scores

Abstract : The Department of the Navy (DON) began a Human Capital Strategy (HCS) agenda in 2004 and incorporated this agenda into its objectives for 2005. The HCS agenda advances several pursuits, including attempts to (1) decrease overall manpower costs within the DON while improving effectiveness, (2) implement an integrated organizational approach to career progression/advancement, and (3) establish actionable metrics to accomplish these goals. One way the Submarine Force (SUBFOR) could meet the HCS agenda would be to select fewer officers for submarine training, which would reduce manpower costs. However, in order to avoid a subsequent manpower shortage from this force reduction and thus maintain operational effectiveness, SUBFOR would need to have an actionable metric, or predictor, that would allow for the selection of those officers for submarine training who are the most likely to remain and advance within SUBFOR. This study investigated whether or not the SUBSCREEN test could be used to provide a predictor of advancement among officers within SUBFOR. SUBSCREEN is a 240-item test of mental health functioning, motivation, and environmental adaptability used to evaluate the psychological fitness of Naval personnel for submarine training and duty. Using correlation and regression techniques, we found that six motivational scales and one response-set scale within the SUBSCREEN test formed an optimal linear composite that predicted which Submarine Officer Basic Course (SOBC) students were likely to advance, approximately seven years later, to the Submarine Officer Advanced Course (SOAC), with R = . 25 (p .001). Several advantageous initial cutpoints were identified for this prediction equation, which was termed the Submarine Officer Retention Test, or SORT. In the future, the SORT, and the motivational traits that comprise the SORT, could be used as actionable metrics that enhance officer selection decisions for submarine training.
The Criminality of the Foreign Born

Historically the problem of the criminality of immigrants to this country is as old as immigration. Certainly the Red Men looked on the early white settlers as thieves of their land. And from the very first each group of settlers has looked at the next wave as a rather dangerous and criminally inclined group. Ninety-five years ago when the great grandparents of the Germans and Irish who are now so stable and reputable a portion of our population were pouring across the Atlantic the Native American National Convention assembled in Philadelphia and resolved that the earlier immigrants were superior men and women who had been "recruited chiefly from the victims of political oppression, or the active and intelligent mercantile adventurers of other lands"; but they found the newer immigrants "the worst and most degraded of the European population . victims of social oppression or personal vices, utterly divested by ignorance or crime of the moral and intellectual requisites for political self-government. "3 Most of my readers will recall the things that were said when the postwar immigration restriction bills were passed. Even though we had just concluded belligerencies with Germany, we were not unwilling to accept immigrants from Germany as well as from the rest of Northern and Western
Gender Swapping on the Internet

In text-based virtual reality environments on the Internet called MUDs, it is possible to pretend to be the opposite gender. In these virtual worlds, the way gender structures basic human interaction is often noticed and reflected upon. This paper introduces MUDs, and then presents a community discussion about gender issues that MUDs inspired. Next, a case study of one gender swapper examines why he chose to gender swap and what he and others around him learned from that experience. Gender swapping is one example of ways in which network technology can impact not just work practice but also culture and
Intravenous oxycodone compared to morphine for post-operative opioid-related adverse events in opioid naïve patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Bacground: Intravenous oxycodone compared to morphine for postoperative pain relief is controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess opioid-related adverse events of oxycodone versus morphine in opioid-naive patients after orthopaedic surgery. Methods: Patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty under general anesthesia combined with a multimodal analgesia (acetamnophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) were randomized in a triple-blinded trial to postopertaive pain treatment with either intravenous oxycodone or morphine (potency ratio 1:1). After surgery, patients received similar drug regimen for titration in the postoperative care unit (bolus 2-3 mg, 5 min period, when pain score was >3/10) followed by an intravenous patient controlled analgesia (bolus 1 mg, lockout time 7 min) postoperatively. The primary outcome was number of patients with ≥1 opioid-related adverse events within the first 24 hours (at least one of the following complications: nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, pruritus, urinary retention requiring evacuation, allergy, hallucination). Secondary outcomes included pain scores, opioid consumption. Patients were followed up to 4 months. Results: The intention-to-treat analysis included 241 patients with similar characteristics. There were 55 patients with at least one opioid-related adverse events in oxycodone group versus 46 in morphine group (48% vs 40%, p=0.19; relative risk= 1.22 [0.91; 1.63]). Oxycodone versus morphine requirements were respectively: 6 [0-11] versus 8 [0-12] mg (p=0.06) for titration, 15 [8-26] versus 8 [5-16] mg (p=0.001) for PCA dose, and 22 [12-37] mg versus 19 [11-28] mg for the titration and PCA accumulated consumption (p=0.048). During the first 24 hours, there were no other differences in secondary outcomes between both drugs for (respectively oxycodone versus morphine in %): nausea (15 versus 13), vomiting (5 versus 5 ), urinary retention (20 versus 12 ) and pain scores. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that oxycodone required lower doses for titration in postoperative care unit, but did not significantly reduce opioid-related adverse events within the first 24 hours compared to morphine.