Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three Dimensional Design and Optimization of a Transonic Rotor in Axial Flow Compressors

This paper presents a 3-D optimization of a moderately loaded transonic compressor rotor by means of a multi-objective optimization system. The latter makes use of a Differential Evolutionary Algorithm in combination with an Artificial Neural Network and a 3D Navier-Stokes solver. Operating it on a cluster of 30 processors enabled the optimization of a large design space composed of the tip camber line and spanwise distribution of sweep and chord length. Objectives were an increase of efficiency at unchanged stall margin by controlling the shock waves and off-design performance curve. First, tests on a single blade row allowed a better understanding of the impact of the different design parameters. Forward sweep with unchanged camber improved the peak efficiency by only 0.3% with a small increase of the stall margin. Backward sweep with an optimized S shaped camber line improved the efficiency by 0.6% with unchanged stall margin. It is explained how the camber line control could introduce the forward sweep effect and compensate the negative effects of the backward sweep. The best results (0.7% increase in efficiency and unchanged stall margin) have been obtained by a stage optimization that also considered the spanwise redistribution of the rotor flow and loading to reduce the Mach number at the stator hub.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A unidirectional but not uniform striatal landscape of dopamine signaling for motivational stimuli

Significance Although it is undisputed that striatal dopamine plays a prominent role in motivated behavior and learning, the precise information conveyed by dopamine signals as such is under active debate. For a long time, the idea dominated that dopamine encodes a reward prediction error and that this signal is broadcast uniformly throughout the brain. However, here, we capture dopamine dynamics across many striatal regions and demonstrate that dopamine release is, regionally, extremely heterogeneous and that a reward prediction error–like signal is predominantly found in the relatively small limbic domain of the striatum. Another striking organizing principle is that stimulus valence directs dopamine concentration homogeneously across all regions (i.e., appetitive stimuli increase dopamine and aversive stimuli decrease dopamine).
Implications of Recent Epidemiological Studies for Compensation of Veterans Exposed to Plutonium

Abstract The objective of this paper is to compare post-2007 epidemiological results for plutonium workers to risk predicted by the software program NIOSH-IREP (IREP for short), which is used to determine the lowest dose for a US veteran to obtain cancer compensation. IREP output and methodology were used to predict excess relative risk per Gy (ERR Gy−1) for lung cancer at the 99th credibility percentile, which is used for compensation decisions. Also estimated were relative biological effectiveness factors (RBE) predicted for workers using IREP methodology. IREP predictions were compared to results for Mayak and Sellafield plutonium workers, separately and pooled. Indications that IREP might underpredict 99th-percentile lung cancer plutonium risk came from (1) comparison of worker RBEs and (2) from comparison of Sellafield results separately. When Sellafield and Mayak data were pooled, ERR Gy−1 comparisons at the 99th percentile roughly matched epidemiological data with regression dose range restricted to < 0.05 Gy, the most relevant region to veterans, but overpredicted for the full dose range. When four plausible distributions for lung cancer risk, including both new and old data, were combined using illustrative weighting factors, compensation cutoff dose for lung cancer matched current IREP values unless regression results below 0.05 were chosen for Sellafield, producing a two-fold reduction. A 1997 claim of a dose threshold in lung cancer dose response was not confirmed in later literature. The benefit of the doubt is given to claimants when the science is unclear. The challenge for NIOSH-IREP custodians is dealing with the Sellafield results, which might best match US claimants.
Trajectories of brain white matter development in young children with prenatal alcohol exposure

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with alterations to brain white matter microstructure. Previous studies of PAE have demonstrated different findings in young children compared to older children and adolescents, suggesting altered developmental trajectories and highlighting the need for longitudinal research. 122 datasets in 54 children with PAE (27 males) and 196 datasets in 89 children without PAE (45 males) were included in this analysis. Children underwent diffusion tensor imaging between 2 and 8 years of age, returning approximately every 6 months. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were obtained for 10 major brain white matter tracts and examined for age‐related changes using linear mixed effects models with age, sex, group (PAE vs. control) and an age‐by‐group interaction. Children with PAE had slower decreases of MD over time in the genu of the corpus callosum, inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and uncinate fasciculus. No significant age‐by‐group interactions were noted for FA. These findings show slower white matter development in young children with PAE than in unexposed controls. This connects previous cross‐sectional findings of lower MD in young children with PAE to findings of higher MD in older children and adolescents with PAE, and further helps to understand brain development in children with PAE. This deviation from typical development trajectories may reflect altered brain plasticity, which has implications for cognitive and behavioral learning in children with PAE.
Comparative evaluation of flavonoids reveals the superiority and promising inhibition activity of silibinin against SARS‐CoV‐2

Flavonoids are phenolic compounds naturally found in plants and commonly consumed in diets. Herein, flavonoids were sequentially evaluated by a comparative in silico study associated with systematic literature search. This was followed by an in vitro study and enzyme inhibition assays against vital SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins including spike (S) protein, main protease (Mpro), RNA‐dependent RNA‐polymerase (RdRp), and human transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2). The results obtained revealed 10 flavonoids with potential antiviral activity. Out of them, silibinin showed promising selectivity index against SARS‐CoV‐2 in vitro. Screening against S protein discloses the highest inhibition activity of silibinin. Mapping the activity of silibinin indicated its excellent binding inhibition activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein, Mpro and RdRP at IC50 0.029, 0.021, and 0.042 μM, respectively, while it showed no inhibition activity against TMPRSS2 at its IC50(SARS‐CoV‐2). Silibinin was tested safe on human mammalian cells at >7‐fold its IC50(SARS‐CoV‐2). Additionally, silibinin exhibited >90% virucidal activity at 0.031 μM. Comparative molecular docking (MD) showed that silibinin possesses the highest binding affinity to S protein and RdRP at −7.78 and −7.15 kcal/mol, respectively. MDs showed that silibinin exhibited stable interaction with key amino acids of SARS‐CoV‐2 targets. Collectively, silibinin, an FDA‐approved drug, can significantly interfere with SARS‐CoV‐2 entry and replication through multi‐targeting activity.
Experimental Study on Combustion Process of Bio-Diesel Fuel with End Scope High Speed Photography

Combustion process of engine operating on diesel fuel and bio-diesel was studied by end scope high-speed photography.Ignition delay,position of ignition,gas temperature and combustion speed were analyzed.The study shows that the spray angle of diesel fuel is larger than that of bio-diesel fuel.Combustion temperature and speed of bio-diesel fuel in the pre-mixed combustion period is higher than that of diesel fuel.Combustion completes early in the case of bio-diesel fuel along with shorter combustion duration.When bio-diesel fuel operates on high-speed condition,combustion duration will be extended.
Sensitivity Analysis of Railpad Parameters on Vertical Railway Track Dynamics

This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of railpad parameters on vertical railway track dynamics, incorporating the nonlinear behavior of the fastening (i.e., downward forces compress the railpad whereas upward forces are resisted by the clamps). For this purpose, solid railpads, rail-railpad contact and preloaded springs are defined in a three-dimensional (3D) finite-element track model. In addition, railpads are modeled as Prony series so that measured frequency-dependent railpad properties for different clamp toe load, temperature, aging, and railpad type are considered. Through sensitivity analysis using time-domain and frequency-domain responses, the influence of the railpad parameters on the global track response is investigated. Railpad type, toe load and aging are identified as the most relevant parameters in the frequency range of 300-3,000 Hz. Furthermore, the information obtained over track response changes due to fastening loosening and railpad wear could be used for monitoring the condition of fastenings.
International of Comparative Psychology

Lateralization of behaviors and information processing are common across species. Hypothesized to be crucial for more efficient responding to environmental stimuli, lateralization has been investigated for a number of topics. Cetaceans are proposed to be hemispheric specialists, given a small corpus callosum, complete decussation of the optic nerve, and the ability to respond to a different visual stimulus presented to each eye simultaneously. Research with cetaceans has shown strong biases in a number of behaviors, including swimming, foraging, social interactions, and responses to myriad visual stimuli. Given similar evolutionary pressures, different species of cetaceans should display similar lateralized preferences. Previous research with bottlenose dolphins in managed care and wild striped dolphins indicated a right eye preference when viewing unfamiliar objects. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the eye preference of belugas, bottlenose dolphins, and Pacific white-sided dolphins (lags) in managed care when viewing familiar and unfamiliar objects. The results from 11 belugas, 5 bottlenose dolphins, and 5 lags indicated that consistent group level eye preferences were not present. The belugas preferred to view both types of objects with both eyes, with the majority of the belugas showing a left-eye preference when a monocular gaze was used. Bottlenose dolphins tended to view both objects with their right eye while lags used their left eye when viewing objects. These results may have been affected by viewing objects below water versus above water. The belugas and the Pacific white-sided dolphins were able to view the objects below water, which may have elicited more naturalistic visual examinations of the objects (i.e., greater ecological validity). Viewing objects within one’s habitat may facilitate the discrimination of an object rather than simply its detection, which is may be more likely when encountering stimuli above the surface of the water as the bottlenose dolphins had to do in the present and past research. Future research should compare if presentation of the stimulus above water versus below water affects the eye preference displayed.
Penambahan Air Kelapa Pada Media Pertumbuhan Populasi Nannochloropsis sp.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of coconut water on the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. This research was conducted from August to September 2016 at laboratory of BPBAP Ujung Batee, Aceh Besar. This research used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were A = 0 ml coconut water + 2000 ml sea water, B = 50 ml coconut water + 1950 ml sea water, C = 100 ml coconut water + 1900 ml sea water, D = 150 ml coconut water + 1850 ml sea water, and E = 200 ml coconut water + 1800 ml sea water. The result of Analysis of Varians (ANOVA) showed that the coconut water gave significant effect (P<0,05) on the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. The best result was obtained at treatment E (200 ml) with the average of population density was 21,425 cell/ml. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan air kelapa dan dosis terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan populasi Nannochloropsis sp. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium BPBAP Ujung Batee, Kabupaten Aceh Besar pada bulan Agustus sampai September 2016. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan yaitu A = 0 ml air kelapa + 2000 ml air laut, B = 50 ml air kelapa + 1950 ml air laut, C = 100 ml air kelapa + 1900 ml air laut, D = 150 ml air kelapa + 1850 ml air laut, dan E = 200 ml air kelapa + 1800 ml air laut. Hasil uji Analysis of Varia ns (ANOVA) menunjukkan bahwa pemberian air kelapa dengan dosis yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan Nannochloropsis sp. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan E = (200 ml) dengan rerata kepadatan populasi 21.425 sel/ml.
Axin2+ PDL Cells Directly Contribute to New Alveolar Bone Formation in Response to Orthodontic Tension Force

Wnt–β-catenin signaling plays a key role in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), a common clinical practice for malocclusion correction. However, its targeted periodontal ligament (PDL) progenitor cells remain largely unclear. In this study, we first showed a synchronized increase in Wnt–β-catenin levels and Axin2+ PDL progenitor cell numbers during OTM using immunostaining of β-catenin in wild-type mice and X-gal staining in the Axin2-LacZ knock-in line. Next, we demonstrated time-dependent increases in Axin2+ PDL progenitors and their progeny cell numbers within PDL and alveolar bones during OTM using a one-time tamoxifen-induced Axin2 tracing line (Axin2CreERT2/+; R26RtdTomato/+). Coimmunostaining images displayed both early and late bone markers (such as RUNX2 and DMP1) in the Axin2Lin PDL cells. Conversely, ablation of Axin2+ PDL cells via one-time tamoxifen-induced diphtheria toxin subunit A (DTA) led to a drastic decrease in osteogenic activity (as reflected by alkaline phosphatase) in PDL and alveolar bone. There was also a decrease in new bone mass and a significant reduction in the mineral apposition rate on both the control side (to a moderate degree) and the OTM side (to a severe degree). Thus, we conclude that the Axin2+ PDL cells (the Wnt-targeted key cells) are highly sensitive to orthodontic tension force and play a critical role in OTM-induced PDL expansion and alveolar bone formation. Future drug development targeting the Axin2+ PDL progenitor cells may accelerate alveolar bone formation during orthodontic treatment.
Book Review: Capitalism, Alone: The Future of the System that Rules the World

peculiar to China. Instead, industrial citizenship occurred in different parts of the globe thanks to three waves of labour unrest. Examining the effects of three waves on the globe, and specifically in China, draw lessons for the prospects of workers. Disenfranchised is theoretically enthusiastic, which demonstrates its breadth and global intentions by locating the industrial citizenship experience of China on a macroscale. Each chapter considers the changing situation of workers’ participation, autonomy and workplace democracy in the face of Mao and post-Mao CCP’s campaigns. The book may play the role of guidebook for further discussion on industrial citizenship in other regions.
Towards Grounded Theory Perspectives of Cognitive Load in Software Engineering

Background: The socio-technical characteristic of software engineering is acknowledged by many, while the technical side still dominates research. As software engineering is a human-intensive activity, the cognitive side of software engineering needs more exploration when trying to improve its efﬁciency. Aim: The aim of this study is to increase the understanding of the impact of cognitive load in software engineering. Our ultimate goal is to theorize the knowledge and thereby reveal opportunities to make software engineering more efﬁcient for companies and compelling for the developers to engage in. Method: We synthesize knowledge, using a grounded theory approach, from our empirical observations and literature on cognitive load in software engineering, using cognitive load theory as a stepping stone and theoretical ﬁlter. Results: We present a grounded theory of cognitive load in software engineering, emerging from the analysis, which classiﬁes cognitive load drivers into eight perspectives – task , environment , information , tool , communication , interruption , structure and temporal – each of which is further detailed. Conclusion: We intend to use this theory as a starting point for further generation of theory to be used in the design of software engineering tools, methods and organizational structures to improve efﬁciency and developer satisfaction by reducing the cognitive load.
Perceived affordances and postures for lifting in child care

ABSTRACT Childcare work appears to be full of the physical and mental risk factors frequently associated with chronic exertion leading to injury of the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of this study was to examine the affordances and mechanics for lifting a child, and to associate those mechanics with physical demands reports provided by experienced childcare workers. Participants perceived a smaller safe reaching distance to a child compared to a conventional handling target, despite the identical load and similar load distribution. This difference may reflect the influence of coupling (suitcase had ‘good’ coupling, child manikin had ‘poor’ coupling), or an increased concern for the safety of the child over the suitcase. While lifting at a smaller affordant distance could contribute to decreasing spinal loading from reactive moments, the greater trunk and knee flexions observed in child lifting may be contributing to childcare workers’ musculoskeletal discomfort and injury in those regions.
Shedding light on avoided disasters: Measuring the invisible benefits of disaster risk management using probabilistic counterfactual

The goal of Disaster Risk Management (DRM) is to ensure that society continues to function, thrive, and recover quickly despite shocks arising from natural or human actions; to ensure, in short, that natural hazards do not become disasters. Success in the world of DRM means ’nothing happens,’ but this poses a dilemma towards recognising and incentivising successful DRM interventions since they are made invisible by the very nature of their success. How then do we highlight and learn from successes if we do not see them? Likewise, how do we incentivise policymakers to make better risk-informed decisions when they are not credited for pro-active actions nor accountable for the consequences of doing nothing? This study discusses four types of situations where successful DRM interventions are made invisible: (i) success made invisible in the midst of broader disaster, (ii) success made invisible by nature of the success, (iii) success made invisible due to yet unrealised benefits, (iv) success made invisible due to the randomness of the specific outcome. We propose the use of probabilistic counterfactual analysis to calculate and highlight the ‘probabilistic lives saved’ from disaster risk management interventions, that would otherwise remain unnoticed. Two case-studies are provided, a school seismic retrofit program in Nepal and a cyclone evacuation effort in India. An important conclusion that emerges from these studies is that the value of risk reduction interventions should not be judged on the basis of specific outcomes, but on the basis of a broader exploration of potential outcomes. The shift in focus from realised outcome to counterfactual alternative provides a framework to identify and learn from successes in DRM, and reward individuals and institutions who have displayed political bravery in committing to the implementation of DRM measures despite invisible benefits.
Spectroscopy on the electron-electric-dipole-moment–sensitive states of ThF +

An excellent candidate molecule for the measurement of the electron’s electric dipole moment (eEDM) is thorium monoﬂuoride (ThF + ) because the eEDM–sensitive state, 3 (cid:2) 1 , is the electronic ground state, and thus is immune to decoherence from spontaneous decay. We perform spectroscopy on X 3 (cid:2) 1 to extract three spectroscopic constants crucial to the eEDM experiment: the hyperﬁne coupling constant, the molecular frame electric dipole moment, and the magnetic g factor. To understand the impact of thermal blackbody radiation on the vibrational ground state, we study the lifetime of the ﬁrst excited vibrational manifold of X 3 (cid:2) 1 . We perform ab initio calculations, compare them to our results, and discuss prospects for using ThF + in an eEDM experiment at JILA.
Applications of Motor Variability for Assessing Repetitive Occupational Tasks

The substantial kinematic degrees-of-freedom available in human movement lead to inherent variations in a repetitive movement, or motor variability (MV). There is growing evidence for individual differences in MV, and understanding these differences may be fruitful for understanding and controlling injuries (e.g., in the occupational domain). We investigated whether MV differs with the level of experience (novices vs. experienced workers) in the context of a repetitive box lifting/lowering task that was performed both symmetrically and asymmetrically. Kinematic MV of both whole-body center-of-mass (COM) and the box were quantified, using a linear method (standard deviation), a non-linear method (sample entropy), and the Goal Equivalent Manifold (GEM). In these lifting/lowering tasks, our results indicated that COM and the box kinematics were controlled and performance variables, respectively. There was also a direct association between these two variables, suggesting that increasing MV improves performance. Novices had higher MV in the symmetric task, with the reverse pattern found in the asymmetric task. We conclude that experienced workers may prioritize flexible or stable movement strategies based on the task conditions. Our results also support that the GEM may be a particularly useful tool for the purpose of revealing individual differences in motor control strategies (e.g., related to the level of experience).