Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
One Computational Innovation Transition-Based Recovery Policy for Flexible Manufacturing Systems Using Petri nets

In the third and fourth industrial revolutions, smart or artificial intelligence flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) seem to be the key machine equipment for capacity of factory production. However, deadlocks could hence appear due to resources competition between robots. Therefore, how to prevent deadlocks of FMS occurring is a very important and hot issue. Based on Petri nets (PN) theory, in existing literature almost all research adopts control places as their deadlock prevention mean. However, under this strategy the real optimal reachable markings are not achieved even if they claimed that their control policy is maximally permissive. Accordingly, in this paper, the author propose one novel transition-based control policy to solve the deadlock problem of FMS. The proposed control policy could also be viewed as deadlock recovery since it can recover all initial deadlock and quasi-deadlock markings. Furthermore, control transitions can be calculated and obtained once the proposed three-dimension matrix, called generating and comparing aiding matrix (GCAM) in this paper, is built. Finally, an iteration method is used until all deadlock markings become live ones. Experimental results reveal that our control policy seems still the best one among all existing methods in the literature regardless of whether these methods belong to places or transitions based.
Toward a standardized quantitative and qualitative insect monitoring scheme

Abstract The number of insect species and insect abundances decreased severely during the past decades over major parts of Central Europe. Previous studies documented declines of species richness, abundances, shifts in species composition, and decreasing biomass of flying insects. In this study, we present a standardized approach to quantitatively and qualitatively assess insect diversity, biomass, and the abundance of taxa, in parallel. We applied two methods: Malaise traps, and automated and active light trapping. Sampling was conducted from April to October 2018 in southern Germany, at four sites representing conventional and organic farming. Bulk samples obtained from Malaise traps were further analyzed using DNA metabarcoding. Larger moths (Macroheterocera) collected with light trapping were further classified according to their degree of endangerment. Our methods provide valuable quantitative and qualitative data. Our results indicate more biomass and higher species richness, as well as twice the number of Red List lepidopterans in organic farmland than in conventional farmland. This combination of sampling methods with subsequent DNA metabarcoding and assignments of individuals according depending on ecological characteristics and the degree of endangerment allows to evaluate the status of landscapes and represents a suitable setup for large‐scale long‐term insect monitoring across Central Europe, and elsewhere.
Neogene Billa Kalina Basin and Stuart Creek silicified floras, northern South Australia: a reassessment of their stratigraphy, age and environments

Abstract Silicified fossil macrofloras of the Willalinchina Sandstone, at Stuart Creek in the Billa Kalina Basin of northern South Australia, are most likely early Miocene–early Pliocene with preference for the younger age, based on reinterpretation of published evidence including basin stratigraphy, paleogeography, isotopic and other dating. The macrofloras include Eucalyptus and occur in fluvial channel sandstones. The Willalinchina Sandstone is equated with the Danae Conglomerate Member of the Mirikata Formation, interpreted as older than the Watchie Sandstone, Millers Creek Dolomite Member and Billa Kalina Clay Member, and here regarded as of upper Neogene age. The Billa Kalina Basin lies between Lake Eyre, Torrens and Eucla basins, and has affinities with all three. The Kingoonya Paleochannel, peripheral to the Eucla Basin, joins the southern margin of the Billa Kalina Basin across the Stuart Range Divide, and contains the Garford Formation of mid-Miocene to Pliocene age (palynological dating), here partly equated with the Mirikata Formation. Interpretations of paleolake Billa Kalina and associated paleochannel environments are made, based on a new assessment of stratigraphic and paleogeographic relationships. KEY POINTS The Billa Kalina Basin sediments in northern South Australia are equated with the later Neogene ‘upper’ Garford Formation of the Kingoonya Paleochannel, which flowed into the Eucla Basin, and depositional processes are clarified. A variety of consistent age data from adjacent basins and the Kingoonya Paleochannel indicate the Stuart Creek ‘silcrete floras’, associated with the Willalinchina Sandstone channel deposits, are Neogene, probably early Pliocene, but the possibility remains that they may be incised into the Watchie Sandstone and therefore late Pliocene. The Billa Kalina Basin was linked to the Kingoonya Paleochannel through much of its history, with flow disrupted by the Stuart Range Divide, local tectonics, and regional tilting.
Expanding Pharmacist and Student Pharmacist Access to Genetics/Genomics/Pharmacogenomics Competency Education

Background: As pharmacogenomics (PGx), a component of genetics/genomics and precision medicine, gains traction in the clinical setting, education of health care providers and health professions students must be made broadly available to improve accessibility of such services to patients. As medication experts with education in pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, pharmacists must further their education to include pharmacogenomics. Currently, few opportunities exist to gain this type of education, and therefore, these services are not yet broadly available to the public. Objective: The specific goal of this study was to evaluate pharmacists’ and student pharmacists’ self-assessed perception of competence related to genetics, genomics, and pharmacogenomics as presented via an online “pharmacogenomics certification program” (PGx program). Design: The PGx program was delivered online with the content consisting of 3 background lessons and 8 specific drug-gene lessons presented in the context of pharmacist competency statements. In addition, 11 “video modules” with competency-related PGx content were included to provide a comprehensive program. A pre- and post-course survey instrument was used to evaluate the participants’ self-assessed perception of competence related to each of 16 statements. Results: One hundred thirty-seven (137) individuals enrolled in and completed the pharmacogenomics certification program. Overall, participants reported self-perceived improved competency as evidenced by the pre-course survey as compared with the post-course survey for each of the 16 competency statements related to genetics/genomics, including pharmacogenomics. Similar results were observed for the subgroups of student pharmacists (n = 63) and pharmacists (n = 74). Future direction: This study showed that dissemination of genetics/genomics/pharmacogenomics competency statements education can be accomplished via online delivery. This delivery approach can expand genetics/genomics/pharmacogenomics content dissemination. The intent is to reach a broader population of pharmacy students, pharmacists, and other health care providers and health professions students to potentially advance the availability of such services, which can improve the safety and efficacy of medication use for patients.
Dynamic capability building and social upgrading in tourism - Potentials and limits of sustainability standards

Abstract The tourism sector is often characterized by precarious working conditions. With the aim of promoting sustainable business practices and addressing labour concerns, many tourism service providers are keen to set and enforce sustainability standards in their value chains. However, there is a contested debate on the local impacts of voluntary standards. This paper focuses on tourism labour and investigates how sustainability standards can contribute to capability building and social upgrading processes at the firm-level. It argues that most research on sustainability standards has analysed the “visible” outcomes of standard implementations while a process-based perspective is largely missing. The paper addresses this gap through a novel approach and makes both theoretical and empirical contributions. Conceptually, it integrates the dynamic capabilities approach into global value chain (GVC) research. This enhances current conceptualisations of capabilities and the understanding of upgrading processes within GVCs. Empirically, the paper investigates the South African standard “Fair Trade in Tourism” through a longitudinal, mixed-methods research design that extended over a period of eight years. The findings show how sustainability standards in tourism can contribute to capability building and upgrading at the firm-level. The paper concludes by arguing that policy makers should better resource local standard-setting organisations.
Notions of Centralized and Decentralized Opacity in Linear Systems

We formulate notions of opacity for cyberphysical systems modeled as discrete-time linear time-invariant systems. A set of secret states is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-ISO with respect to a set of nonsecret states if, starting from these sets at time 0, the outputs at time <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula> are indistinguishable to an adversarial observer. Necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure that a secret specification is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-ISO are established in terms of sets of reachable states. We also show how to adapt techniques for computing underapproximations and overapproximations of the set of reachable states of dynamical systems in order to soundly approximate <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-ISO. Furthermore, we provide a condition for output controllability, if <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-ISO holds, and show that the converse holds under an additional assumption. We extend the theory of opacity for single-adversary systems to the case of multiple adversaries and develop several notions of decentralized opacity. We study the following scenarios: first, the presence or lack of a centralized coordinator, and, second, the presence or absence of collusion among adversaries. In the case of colluding adversaries, we derive a condition for nonopacity that depends on the structure of the directed graph representing the communication between adversaries. Finally, we relax the condition that the outputs be indistinguishable and define a notion of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon$</tex-math></inline-formula>-opacity, and also provide an extension to the case of nonlinear systems.
Molecular Study of Insulin Resistance and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

This study explores on the relationship between the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance which caused by variation in the 5-prime flanking region of the insulin gene, a which regulates transcription of the gene. The study includes 50 Iraqi women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 50 healthy women, Blood samples were collected from the Medical City hospital, Kamal al-Samarrai Hospital and private medical laboratories (in Baghdad), during the period from November, 2011 to May, 2012. The age of infertile and fertile women was ranged from 16 to 45 years. The molecular study was focused on the 42% of PCOS women with insulin resistance. By sequencing for 50 samples, one separate segment (promoter) containing nucleotide 360 of insulin gene was amplified by using specific primer. The result of sequencing refers to a number of mutations found in women with PCOS (substitution = 69.86%, deletion =10.95% and insertion =19.17%). Also compound mutations have been detected among most of PCOS with insulin resistance.
Ecosystem conservation in multi-tenure reserve networks : the contribution of land outside of publicly protected areas

Multi-tenure reserve networks have been developed as a mechanism to improve cross tenure management and protection of biodiversity, but also as a means of accounting for biodiversity assets managed for conservation outside of protected areas on public land. We evaluated the contribution of multi-tenure reserve networks to enhancing the comprehensiveness and representativeness of ecosystems in publicly protected areas, using three Australian case studies. All networks contributed to enhancing comprehensiveness and representativeness, but this contribution varied between networks and between components of those networks. Significantly, components on private land and "other public land" in all three networks greatly enhanced the protection of some ecosystems at a subregional scale. The Grassy Box Woodlands Conservation Management Network, in particular made a substantial contribution to conservation, with most components protecting remnants of an endangered and under-represented ecosystem. Multi-reserve conservation networks not only act to protect threatened and under-reserved ecosystems, but they also provide a mechanism to account for this protection. Thus, multi-tenure reserve networks have the potential to provide increased knowledge and understanding to conservation planning decision making processes.
The responses of Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea to environmental stimuli

Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea has a fragmented distribution across Northern Eurasia, and its geographically isolated populations experience varying environmental conditions throughout the species’ range. A. l. petraea is consequently an appropriate test system to study the effects of abiotic stress on species’ distributions and for investigation of local adaptation. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether or not geographically isolated populations of A. l. petraea differ in their responses to environmental stimuli and thus demonstrate potential for local adaptation. Under controlled environmental conditions, populations from the British Isles and Norway demonstrated the highest average growth rates whilst the lowest rates were observed in Swedish populations. Populations also exhibited significantly altered growth rates under imposed hot and cold stress conditions than in their corresponding no-stress controls. The percentage of plants that flowered was significantly higher in Norwegian populations than for those from Sweden, Iceland, and the British Isles. Molecular techniques were employed to investigate differential gene expression in populations of A. l. petraea from Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and the British Isles, both prior to and following exposure to cold temperature stress. Extent of up-regulation of expression following exposure to chilling differed for a number of genes including CCA1, NAC2, and SKIP16. Microarray analysis identified 207 genes that were differentially expressed between two focal populations, Leitrim (Ireland) and Helin (Norway), irrespective of temperature treatment (P 2). Approximately 6% of the A. l. petraea transcriptome was responsive to acclimation whilst expression of 75 genes, many annotated as unknown function, changed following exposure to freezing. The identified phenotypic variation is indicative of local adaptation, and populations from throughout the species’ range may thus harbour unique genetic variation. Further investigation of genes identified as important in plant responses to cold temperatures may facilitate crop improvement through GM technologies.
The influence of zinc and selenium on some biochemical responses of Vigna unguiculata and Zea mays to water deficit condition and rehydration

The influence of zinc and selenium on some biochemical responses (lipid peroxidation, ascorbate, glutathione, growth rate, mineral content, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities) of cowpea and maize seedlings to water deficit condition and rehydration were investigated. Plants seedlings were exposed to water deficit condition for 14 days. The relative water content in whole plant tissues was reduced from 78.6% (control) to 50.0% (water deficit) and 70.1% (control) to 37.3% (water deficit) for cowpea and maize samples respectively. Selenium-treated samples showed higher RWC values for both normal and water deficit samples. Under water deficit conditions, general increase in the levels of the biochemical parameters was recorded. Effects of water deficit were more pronounced on the maize samples than cowpea. At P<0.05, water deficit samples showed significant increase in MDA levels and antioxidant enzymes activities; the activity of selenium in reducing water deficit effects reached statistical significance and was also found remarkable due to its non-accumulation in the plant samples. In this present investigation, water deficit induced 7 times, 10 times and 12 times increases in the Fe, P and N contents respectively of water deficit cowpea samples. The water deficit maize samples also showed 6 times and 5 times levels of P and N respectively. Water deficit cowpea sample treated with selenium once weekly (WOS) returned back to full turgor after 6 days of rehydration with water. Rehydration caused significant reductions in MDA levels and antioxidant enzymes activities. The use of antioxidant chemicals particularly selenium is therefore recommended in this study to farmers that reside in the zone of short term drought. KEYWORDS : selenium, zinc, growth rate, mineral
Variation of Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Amount and Compositions in Muscles of Capoeta trutta and Barbus rajanorum mystaceus During Reproduction Period

In this study, the variation of total lipid and fatty acid composition in muscle tissues of females and males of Copoeta trutta and Barbus rajanorum mystaceus living in Keban Dam Lake (Elazig) were examined. It was observed that the amount of total lipid in muscle tissues of C. trutta (p
Distributed stochastic optimization with gradient tracking over strongly-connected networks

In this paper, we study distributed stochastic optimization to minimize a sum of smooth and strongly-convex local cost functions over a network of agents, communicating over a strongly-connected graph. Assuming that each agent has access to a stochastic first-order oracle $\left( {\mathcal{S}\mathcal{F}\mathcal{O}} \right)$, we propose a novel distributed method, called $\mathcal{S} - \mathcal{A}\mathcal{B}$, where each agent uses an auxiliary variable to asymptotically track the gradient of the global cost in expectation. The $\mathcal{S} - \mathcal{A}\mathcal{B}$ algorithm employs rowand column-stochastic weights simultaneously to ensure both consensus and optimality. Since doubly-stochastic weights are not used, $\mathcal{S} - \mathcal{A}\mathcal{B}$ is applicable to arbitrary strongly-connected graphs. We show that under a sufficiently small constant step-size, $\mathcal{S} - \mathcal{A}\mathcal{B}$ converges linearly (in expected mean-square sense) to a neighborhood of the global minimizer. We present numerical simulations based on real-world data sets to illustrate the theoretical results.
Deep Learning-Based Recognizing COVID-19 and other Common Infectious Diseases of the Lung by Chest CT Scan Images

Purpose: COVID-19 has become global threaten. CT acts as an important method of diagnosis. However, human-based interpretation of CT imaging is time consuming. More than that, substantial inter-observer-variation cannot be ignored. We aim at developing a diagnostic tool for artificial intelligence (AI)-based classification of CT images for recognizing COVID-19 and other common infectious diseases of the lung. Experimental Design: In this study, images were retrospectively collected and prospectively analyzed using machine learning. CT scan images of the lung that show or do not show COVID-19 were used to train and validate a classification framework based on convolutional neural network. Five conditions including COVID-19 pneumonia, non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, and normal lung were evaluated. Training and validation set of images were collected from Wuhan Jin Yin-Tan Hospital whereas test set of images were collected from Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University and the fifth Hospital of Wuhan. Results: Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the AI framework were reported. For test dataset, accuracies for recognizing normal lung, COVID-19 pneumonia, non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, and pulmonary tuberculosis were 99.4%, 98.8%, 98.5%, 98.3%, and 98.6%, respectively. For the test dataset, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of recognizing COVID-19 were 98.8%, 98.2%, 98.9%, 94.5%, and 99.7%, respectively. Conclusions: The performance of the proposed AI framework has excellent performance of recognizing COVID-19 and other common infectious diseases of the lung, which also has balanced sensitivity and specificity.
Cytochrome P450s and Their Roles in Insecticide Resistance in the Mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus

ii Acknowledgments iv List of Tables x List of Figures xi List of Abbreviations xii Chapter 1 Literature Review 1 1.1 Insecticide resistance 1 1.2 Mechanisms of insecticide resistance 3 1.2. 1 Increased metabolic detoxification 4 1.2. 1.1 Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-mediated detoxification 4 1.2. 1.1.1 Nomenclature and discovery 5 1.2. 1.1.2 P450 catalytic cycle 6 1.2. 1.1.3 Insect cytochrome P450s 7 1.2. 1.1.3.1 Functions in metabolism of endogenous compounds 9 1.2. 1.1.3.2 Functions in metabolism of xenobiotics 10 1.2. 1.2 Hydrolase-mediated detoxification 11 1.2. 1.2. 1 Quantitative changes 12 1.2. 1.2. 2 Qualitative changes 13 1.2. 1.3 Glutathione S-transferase-based detoxification 14
The Prokaryotes. A handbook on the biology of bacteria: ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications. Volumes I-IV.

The second, expanded edition of "The Prokaryotes" has been extensively rewritten and restructured to reflect the many advances that have occurred in bacteriology during the past decade. 250 scientists have served as authors for its more than 220 chapters. The new subtitle, "A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria - Ecophysiology, Isolation, Identification, Applications" reflects the increasing awareness of the role played by prokaryotes in the environment and in biotechnological applications. The books aim to provide a comprehensive survey of all bacterial genera for which adequate data are available. The work is divided into six parts. The first two parts consist of introductory essays and overview chapters that discuss the classical attributes and characteristics of bacteria, such as phylogeny, diversity, ecology, isolation, identification, life cycle, pathogenicity, growth, metabolism and physiology. The third and fourth sections contain chapters covering phylogenetically related genera, families and higher taxa, offering a perspective on systematic microbiology. Part five deals with symbiotic relationships and part six covers those genera that have not yet been phylogenetically placed. This handbook on bacteriology and molecular genetics is intended for scientists and researchers.