Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low–intermediate–high confinement transition in HL-2A tokamak plasmas

The dynamics of low–intermediate–high confinement transitions was studied using a four-step Langmuir probe in the HL-2A edge plasma. Two types (dubbed type-Y and type-J) of limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) with opposite temporal ordering between the radial electric field and turbulence were first observed. In type-Y, the turbulence grows first, followed by the localized electric field. In contrast, the electric field leads turbulence in type-J. In addition, the Reynolds stress gradient is found not enough to drive the LCO flow and the three-wave nonlinear coupling is weak there. The continuously increasing amplitude of magnetic fluctuations and the significant correlation between the magnetic fluctuation and the electron pressure gradient indicate an important role of diamagnetic drifts in the L–H transition. Mode numbers of magnetic fluctuations in the LCO frequency are identified to be m/n = 1/0.
Islamic Banking Sustainability in Indonesia

Corporate governance exists to increase and maintain shareholder value. On this basis, corporate governance is argued to be vital to any company's long-term viability. To determine how transparency and accountability affected the Islamic banking sector's long-term viability. The study was guided by three theories: agency theory, stewardship theory, and stakeholder theory. This study is quantitative. It is used in quantitative research to generate numerical data or data that can be transformed into statistics. Transparency, accountability, justice, and responsibility are all important factors in the study's findings. Transparency and accountability appear to have a significant impact on the banking industry's long-term viability. To achieve sustainability, Islamic banks in Indonesia should strictly enforce transparency in all operations and worker activities.
Derivative extraction from a neuro‐fuzzy model

Many engineering optimisation problems are difficult to describe mathematically and as such can not be easily optimised. Recently attention has focussed on developing methods to create approximations of the real object function using numerical model data instead. The approximated function can then be optimised using a suitable optimisation method. This paper describes the extraction of derivative information from a neuro‐fuzzy system. Subsequently, this permits the application of classic deterministic optimisation methods in order to identify the global minimum of any approximated objective function. For non‐differentiable functions this approach is of great benefit. Results from an analytical optimisation example, in which the objective function and the solution are known, and a two variable loudspeaker optimisation problem are discussed. In both cases, the neuro‐fuzzy system worked well to model the physical problem and the extracted derivative served to locate the minimum.
Curvature Corrections to Rough‐Surface Scattering at High Frequencies

A variational principle is constructed for the problem of acoustic scatter from a rough surface. The use of the physical‐optics approximation as trial function leads to an improved expression for the surface field on the illuminated surface, although the form of the curvature dependence at least implies the “penumbra” or transition width near grazing incidence. Its application to the theory of scattering from very rough random surfaces yields an angular distribution proportional to the probability density of slopes, but for a fictitious surface with rms slope dependent on the wavelength. This scattering distribution is corrected for a shadowed surface.
Two-phase modelling of a fluid mixing layer

We analyse and improve a recently-proposed two-phase flow model for the statistical evolution of two-fluid mixing. A hyperbolic equation for the volume fraction, whose characteristic speed is the average interface velocity v*, plays a central role. We propose a new model for v* in terms of the volume fraction and fluid velocities, which can be interpreted as a constitutive law for two-fluid mixing. In the incompressible limit, the two-phase equations admit a self-similar solution for an arbitrary scaling of lengths. We show that the constitutive law for v* can be expressed directly in terms of the volume fraction, and thus it is an experimentally measurable quantity. For incompressible Rayleigh–Taylor mixing, we examine the self-similar solution based on a simple zero-parameter model for v*. It is shown that the present approach gives improved agreement with experimental data for the growth rate of a Rayleigh–Taylor mixing layer. Closure of the two-phase flow model requires boundary conditions for the surfaces that separate the two-phase and single-phase regions, i.e. the edges of the mixing layer. We propose boundary conditions for Rayleigh–Taylor mixing based on the inertial, drag, and buoyant forces on the furthest penetrating structures which define these edges. Our analysis indicates that the compatibility of the boundary conditions with the two-phase flow model is an important consideration. The closure assumptions introduced here and their consequences in relation to experimental data are compared to the work of others.
“Compassionate City” in Patients with Advanced Illnesses and at the End of Life: A Pilot Study

Objectives: To evaluate, in a Compassionate City pilot experience (Sevilla), the impact results on health in a population of people with advanced illness and at the end of life. Methods: The project was undertaken in Sevilla, Spain, between January 2019 and June 2020. A longitudinal, descriptive study was conducted using a longitudinal cohort design with two cross-sectional measurements, pre and post intervention. All patients who entered the program on the start date were included. The networks of care around people with advanced illness and at the end of life, palliative care needs, quality of life, loneliness, anxiety, depression, caregivers’ burden and family satisfaction were evaluated. The interventions were conducted by community promoters assigned to the “Sevilla Contigo, Compassionate City” program. Results: A total of 83 people were included in the program. The average number of people involved in care at the beginning of the evaluations was 3.6, increasing to 6.1 at the end of the interventions. The average number of needs detected at the beginning was 15.58, and at the end of interventions, it was 16.56 out of 25. The unmet needs were those related to last wishes (40.7%), emotional relief (18.5%), entertainment (16%), help to walk up and down stairs (8.6%) and help to walk (6.2%). A total of 54.2% showed improved loneliness in the final evaluation. Out of 26 people evaluated for pre and post quality of life, 7 (26.9%) improved their quality of life in the general evaluation and 5 (19.2%) displayed improved anxiety/depression. A total of 6 people (28.6%) improved their quality-of-life thermometer scores. A total of 57.7% of caregivers improved their burden with a mean score of 17.8.
Associations of road traffic noise and its frequency spectrum with prevalent depression in Taichung, Taiwan

Introduction Exposure to road traffic noise has been reported to be associated with depression in many epidemiological studies, but the association between noise frequency spectrum and depression remains unclear. This community-based study investigated the associations between road traffic noise exposure and its frequency components with prevalent depression. Methods A total of 3,191 residents living in Taichung who participated in the Taiwan Biobank between 2010 and 2017, were included as study participants. The land-use regression models were used to evaluate individual annual average values of A-weighted equivalent sound level over 24 h (Leq,24h) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) using the geographic information system. Multiple logistic regression was applied to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for depression after adjusting for potential risk factors and PM2.5. Results An interquartile range increase in Leq,24h at full frequency (4.7 dBA), 1,000 Hz (5.2 dB), and 2,000 Hz (4.8 dB) was significantly associated with an elevated risk for depression with ORs of 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 2.55), 1.58 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.37), and 1.58 (95% CI:1.03, 2.43), respectively, by controlling for PM2.5. The high-exposure group (≥3rd quartile median of noise levels) at full frequency, 1,000 Hz, and 2,000 Hz had an increased risk for depression with ORs of 2.65 (95% CI: 1.16–6.05), 2.47 (95% CI: 1.07–5.70), and 2.60 (95% CI: 1.10–6.12), respectively, compared with the reference group (<1st quartile of noise levels) after adjustment for PM2.5. Significant exposure-response trends were observed between the prevalent depression and noise exposure by quartiles at full frequency, 1,000 Hz, and 2,000 Hz (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Exposure to road traffic noise may be associated with an increased prevalence of depression, particularly at 1,000 and 2,000 Hz.
Triterpenoids from Kochiae Fructus: Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and α-Glucosidase Inhibition, In Silico Molecular Docking

In this study, three new triterpenes (1–3) and fourteen known triterpenoids (4–17) were isolated from the ethanol extract of Kochiae Fructus, and their structures were elucidated by analyzing UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Among them, compounds 6, 8, and 11−17 were isolated for the first time from this plant. The screening results of the glucose uptake experiment indicated that compound 13 had a potent effect on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at 20 μM. Meanwhile, compounds 3, 9 and 13 exhibited significant inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 23.50 ± 3.37, 4.29 ± 0.52, and 16.99 ± 2.70 µM, respectively, and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were reported for the first time. According to the enzyme kinetics using Lineweaver–Burk and Dixon plots, we found that compounds 3, 9 and 13 were α-glucosidase mixed-type inhibitors with Ki values of 56.86 ± 1.23, 48.88 ± 0.07 and 13.63 ± 0.42 μM, respectively. In silico molecular docking analysis showed that compounds 3 and 13 possessed superior binding capacities with α-glucosidase (3A4A AutoDock score: −4.99 and −4.63 kcal/mol). Whereas compound 9 showed +2.74 kcal/mol, which indicated compound 9 exerted the effect of inhibiting α-glucosidase activity by preferentially binding to the enzyme−substrate complex. As a result, compounds 3, 9 and 13 could have therapeutic potentials for type 2 diabetes mellitus, due to their potent hypoglycemic activities.
A 4.7-ps Resolution Recirculating Cyclic Vernier TDC Using DWA-Based Mismatch Correction and a Register-Based Time Amplifier

Herein, we present a recirculating (RC) cyclic Vernier time-to-digital converter (TDC) using dynamic element matching and a register-based time amplifier (TA). The RC TDC reuses a single conversion stage for multiple conversions that are suitable for low power and compact realization. Good matching is achieved between multiple conversions because the same stage is reused. Processing the amplified residue further enhances the TDC resolution. We propose a new TA based on a time register that achieves a well-controlled time magnification over a wide input range. Unlike conventional approaches based on regeneration or meta-stability, the register-based TA does not suffer from a narrow input range. The proposed TA achieves a relatively high gain accuracy (< 1.5%) over a wide input range from 40 to 400 ps. Compact TDC implementation is further facilitated using the multiphase operation of a gated ring oscillator (GRO) in a cyclic Vernier structure. Using the phase-preserving characteristic of the GRO, the mismatch is first order shaped by data weight averaging. The RC TDC fabricated using a 28-nm CMOS process is realized in a small area of 0.0096 mm2. Measurements show that the TDC can be successfully configured into four gain modes with a resolution of 11.5, 7.7, 5.8, and 4.7 ps in a 12-bit dynamic range. The full range linearity measurement shows an integral nonlinearity of less than 1.48 LSB. The power consumption is 0.188 mW at a conversion rate of 3.51 MHz, leading to a favorable figure of merit of 0.032 pJ/conv. -step. The results show the effectiveness of the RC structure in realizing a high-performance, compact TDC.
Long-Term Assessment of Captive Chimpanzees: Influence of Social Group Composition, Seasonality and Biographic Background

Simple Summary Wild chimpanzees flexibly adapt their behavior based on many social and environmental aspects of their lives. These include seasonality and food availability as well as aspects regarding their communities and parties, such as group size, sex ratio and the presence of sexually receptive females. This results in a stimulating but also stressful life. On the contrary, housing conditions in captivity are far less stimulating, often lacking the enriching social component of fluctuating group compositions found in wild fission–fusion societies. Providing captive chimpanzees with an adequate social environment is crucial to ensure their wellbeing. We had the rare opportunity to analyze behavioral data of an all-male chimpanzee group that experienced two major group alterations, i.e., the integration of two adult females and the passing away of two adult males. Our findings highlight the importance of conducting longitudinal observations to objectively record variations in the chimpanzees’ behavior. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate the impact of their social environment, i.e., group size and sex ratio, on the chimpanzees’ activity levels and occurrence of abnormal and self-directed behaviors. Abstract Wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) live in flexible fission–fusion societies with frequent changes in both group size and composition. These changes depend mostly on resource availability and individual social preferences yet in captivity are determined by housing organizations. During a period of seven years, we observed a group of sanctuary chimpanzees, focusing on how they adapted to changes in the group composition over time. Using linear mixed models (LMMs), factors such as group size, sex ratio, seasonality, and the individuals’ sex and origin (wild caught vs. captive born) were considered in order to evaluate the impact on the chimpanzees’ activity levels, the occurrence of undesired behaviors (abnormal and self-directed behaviors) and the social grooming networks. Our results indicate that the activity levels and the occurrence of undesired behaviors were impacted by changes in group composition and the individuals’ biographic background. The colder season was marked by higher levels of activity and more time spent grooming. Moreover, it was the individuals’ origin but not changes in group composition that affected social grooming, with wild-caught chimpanzees grooming far less frequently. Long-term observations are essential to evaluate, predict and detect potential benefits and/or issues of housing conditions while considering the social and physical environment.
Analysis of Numeracy Ability of Class VII Students SMP Negeri 1 Siantar

Arithmetic is a field of mathematics closely related to human existence. It will be helpful for anyone to perform any task that requires calculation if they have a basic understanding of mathematics. However, sometimes it is optional to carry out precise calculations. Counting is the backbone or breath of learning mathematics. Students' ability to count becomes vital in teaching mathematics to students. The research aimed to measure Class VII students' numeracy skills at SMP Negeri 1 Siantar, Simalungun Regency. The method used is a descriptive-quantitative approach. The population is nine classes with 254 students, and the sample is taken in layers and randomly as many as four classes with 112 students. The nine classes consist of 2 groups, namely the Superior Class (KU) of 2 classes, namely class VII1 and class VII2, and the Ordinary Class (KB) of 7 classes, namely class VII3, VII4, VII5, to class VII9. The research concluded that the Superior Class could count, while the Ordinary Class was 5.95% unable to count. The findings of this study imply that apart from providing students with a better learning environment and infrastructure, it is essential to improve their arithmetic skills.
Electronic structure of Ni2MnIn for use in spin injection

Data and Das [S. Datta and B. Das, Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 665 (1990)] proposed an electronic analog to the optoelectronic modulator which would employ spin injection from a ferromagnet into a semiconductor. We investigate the ferromagnet–semiconductor system consisting of the Heusler alloy Ni2MnIn and the semiconductor InAs. Using a full-potential electronic structure code with a basis set of Slater-type orbitals, we have calculated the band structure of Ni2MnIn. We calculate the spin polarization for each atom. It resides primarily on the Mn atom (3.51), with a small moment (0.31) on the Ni. Interestingly, In has a very small moment (−0.04), which is antiferromagnetically coupled to the other atoms. Using a simple model, we estimate the transmittance of minority spins in three high-symmetry directions.
Seismic hazard analysis of Silchar city located in North East India

Abstract North East India is a highly seismically active zone of India due to the collision tectonics between the Indian and the Eurasian plate in the north and subduction tectonics along the Indo-Myanmar range (IMR) in the east. It is utmost important to investigate the seismicity of this region along with uniform hazard spectra (UHS). In this paper, seismic hazard study has been performed at the Silchar district headquarters of Assam state, located in North East India. The earthquake data have been collected from various agencies from 1762 to 2020 and the fault data has been collected from seismotectonic atlas (SEISAT). Earthquake and fault data are superimposed on the Northeast India map using MapInfo software. The fault zone is defined based upon the earthquake’s density near the fault. Seismicity parameters and maximum magnitude have been estimated using Gutenberg-Richter (G-R) relationship. The best-fitted ground motion equation is considered. The outcome is represented in terms of controlling source, seismic hazard curve and UHS for Silchar city with varying ground motions. Finally, the results are presented as PGA based upon DSHA and PSHA methods. The effect of Importance Factor (I) and Response reduction factor (R) have been investigated by comparing UHS with IS: 1893-2016 code response spectra.
Recent results of ultra low q experiments in TORIUT-6 AND REPUTE-1

In REPUTE-1, the radiation barrier has been overcome and ion and electron temperatures of ⪅ 0.6 keV (Ti) and ⪅0.3 keV (Te) have been achieved at an electron density of (0.2–0.7) × 1020 m−3 and toroidal beta values of 12-18%. A resistivity anomaly due to m = l kink activity has been observed which may be connected with the peaked temperature profile and the rather broad current density profile. The plasma resistance is lower than that of reversed field pinch discharges in REPUTE-1 and decreases with increasing plasma current. In TORIUT-6, the effects of current ramp-up and carbonization of the first wall have been studied. A hollow current density profile, typical of ultra low q equilibria, is preserved which may be due to the skin current effect. The difference between current ramp-up discharges and standard discharges is the extended duration of the quiescent phase and the preservation of the position of the pitch minimum away from the axis in the ramp-up discharges. After carbonization, the duration of the quiescent phase increases and the plasma resistivity is reduced by 50%.
Adherence to the Taiwan Daily Food Guide and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Populational Study in Taiwan

This study aims to examine whether adherence to the Taiwan Daily Food Guide relates to the risk of type 2 diabetes. A population-based study was conducted using data from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 2013–2016. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Type 2 diabetes was defined as a fasting serum HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher or participants who have received treatment for type 2 diabetes or have reported a physician diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. A total of 2534 Taiwanese adults aged 19 and above were included. We found that the Daily Food Guide adherence was negatively associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. The odds ratios (ORs) for those in the fourth quartile of the recommended total servings was 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.45–0.99) compared with those in the first quartile. In addition, those who were men (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.07–1.98), aged more than 50 to 65 (OR = 6.48, 95% CI = 2.57–16.35), or more than 65 (OR = 6.81, 95% CI = 2.56–18.08), with body mass index (BMI) of 24 to less than 27 (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.55–2.79), had BMI of more than 27 (OR = 3.63, 95% CI = 2.73–4.83), had an education level of junior high and high school (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.03–2.74), were divorced, separated, widowed, or refused to answer (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.03–1.88) were associated with an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, people who adhere better to the Taiwan Daily Food Guide were found to have a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
Breakup of Temperature Inversions in Deep Mountain Valleys: Part II. Thermodynamic Model

Abstract A thermodynamic model is developed to simulate the evolution of vertical temperature structure during the breakup of nocturnal temperature inversions in mountain valleys. The primary inputs to the model are the valley floor width, sidewall inclination angles, characteristics of the valley inversion at sunrise, and an estimate of sensible heat flux obtained from solar radiation calculations. The outputs, obtained by a numerical integration of the model equations, are the time-dependent height of a convective boundary layer that grows upward from the valley floor after sunrise, the height of the inversion top, and vertical potential temperature profiles of the valley atmosphere. The model can simulate the three patterns of temperature structure evolution observed in deep valleys of western Colorado. The well-known inversion breakup over flat terrain is a special case of the model, for which valley floor width becomes infinite. The characteristics of the model equations are investigated for several .
Do high-PSM public employees like extrinsic rewards? A latent class analysis

ABSTRACT Scholarship examining public service motivation (PSM) in multi-incentive settings is still insufficient. Though previous studies have extensively tested the nomological networks of PSM, they paid less attention to differences between individual preferences. Drawing on latent class analysis (LCA), this study addresses this gap by focusing on these differences in a multi-incentive setting instead of merely investigating relationships between variables. The analysis established a four-class model that classified 1286 Chinese respondents into four groups based on their PSM level and responses to three types of rewards (i.e., intrinsic, intangible extrinsic, and tangible extrinsic rewards). Results demonstrated that: among the respondents, (1) 32.49% with low PSM preferred tangible extrinsic rewards; (2) 19.3% with moderate PSM showed a preference for intangible extrinsic rewards; (3) 35.94% with high PSM reported a desire for tangible extrinsic rewards; and (4) 12.26% with high PSM showed a preference for all three types of rewards. Findings support the argument that PSM may be compatible with tangible and intangible extrinsic rewards.