Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Added Value of Ijarah Tamwilia Service in Jordanian Islamic Bank (Case Study of Contract No: 2012/500)

This study is one of very few studies which has investigated case study of added value of Ijarah Tamwilia in Jordanian Islamic Bank. As result to search, Customer did not get added value as result to lose Islamic conditions fairly. Customer lost benefit of managing risk of Ijarah Tamwilia up to Islamic rules and face costs more than expect. There is gap between the Shania Supervisory Board and employee which comes as result to weak control beside there is no obligatory contract come from Shania Supervisory Board to employee. As the gap cause, customer loosing contract benefit it causes to cancel contract accounting data because of losing the contract Islamic rules. Searcher recommended directing employee of Ijarah Tamwilia up to Islamic rules conditions practically which will effect on Ijarah Tamwilia service marketing and accounting because of its financing Islamic rules and Islamic investing rules to give fair added value. Employee has to work with accepted Islamic model.
Diet life-style and mortality in China: a study of the characteristics of 65 Chinese counties.

This report presents data from a number of recent surveys undertaken in China including the 1983 ecological survey the 1973-1975 mortality survey and the 1984 nitrosamine survey. "The chief purpose of the present monograph is simply to describe [population heterogeneity in China] by studying 65 rural counties and providing for each of them information on about 367 characteristics (82 standardized mortality rates from specific diseases and 285 biochemical and other characteristics chiefly from a special 1983 survey of adult blood urine diet and lifestyle in two randomly chosen villages in each of those 65 counties). " (EXCERPT)
Mechanism for Spontaneous Calcium Activity and Spinal Cord Neurotransmitter Specification, and the Role of Calcium Activity in Dopamine Specification in the Brain and Spinal Cord

Spontaneous electrical activity is a feature of the nervous system from early stages of development preceding synapse formation. An example of this is calcium-spike activity, which is displayed by embryonic Xenopus laevis spinal cord neurons, and has a role in neurotransmitter specification. Here I present data identifying a mechanism for calcium-spike activity that depends on GABA or glutamate activation of metabotropic receptors, and their recruitment of PKA or PKC. This work attributes a role to neurotransmitters and metabotropic receptors prior to synapse formation in modulating electrical activity that in turn modulates neurotransmitter specification. These results contribute to our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms recruited during development. In addition to electrical activity, transcription factors play a role in neurotransmitter specification. Here I present a study of the development of the dopaminergic system in Xenopus laevis to characterize the co-expression of dopamine with additional neurotransmitters, and with transcription factors. This led to identification of subclasses of dopaminergic neurons based on these markers. Calcium-spike activity plays a role in dopamine specification, but different dopaminergic nuclei respond to activity manipulations in a different way. Examination of the in situ calcium spike activity of spinal cord neurons showed that neurons with different molecular markers have distinct pattern of calcium-spike activity. These results provide the basis for further studies to establish the interplay between calcium-spike activity and transcription factors in the dopaminergic system
Intake, rumen function and NDF kinetics in mature dairy heifers in Tanzania maintained on poor quality hay as affected by sugar, starch, nitrogen or mineral supplementation

The impact on rumen function of supplements traditionally used by smallholder dairy farmers in Tanzania is reported. The supplements included sources of energy and protein (maize bran, molasses, cassava flour and sunflower cake) and an ionic feed additive called “Magadi”. The experimental layout was a 5 x 5 Latin square with 14 days for adaptation to diets, 7 days in vivo digestibility and the last 7 days used for rumen evacuations. Treatments were: poor quality hay with 2.7 kg DM of maize bran (HMB) which was the control reflecting smallholder farmers feeding practice. Other treatments were hay with 2.7 kg DM of maize bran further supplemented with 0.25 kg DM of “Magadi” (HMG), 1.3 kg DM of sugar (molasses) (HMO) or 0.9 kg DM of starch (cassava tuber flour) (HCA). The fifth treatment was hay supplemented with 2.8 kg DM of farm made concentrate mixture containing (%): maize bran (68), sunflower cake (31) and mineral powder (1) on DM basis (HFC). Five mature heifers (1/2 Boran x 1/2 Friesian) were used during the trial. Intake of DM and organic matter was significantly (P=0.01) higher with sugar (HMO), starch (HCA) and nitrogen (HFC) supplements compared to the control (HMB). DM and OM digestibility 4 Corresponding author: torben.hvelplund@agrsci.dk 220 POOR QUALITY HAY FOR HEIFERS IN TANZANIA 221 MLAY P.S. ET AL. varied between 49 and 56% and were significantly (P<0.05) higher for rations with nitrogen (HFC), “Magadi” (HMG), sugar (HMO) and starch (HCA) supplementation compared to the control. Rumen fluid pH was not greatly influenced by treatments but rumen fluid ammonia was significantly (P<0.001) higher in HFC compared to other treatments. Mean total VFAs tended to be higher (P<0.1) in HFC (67.0 mM) compared to the other treatments. The molar proportion of acetate was significantly (P=0.05) higher in HFC (68.8%), HMG (68.4%) and HMB (68.0%) compared to HMO and HCA (65% each). Rate and extent of digestible NDF degradation was significantly (P=0.02) higher with nitrogen (HFC) (2.66% h-1 and 64.2%, respectively) and significantly (P=0.01) lower with starch (HCA) (1.72% h-1 and 53.0%, respectively) compared to the other treatments. Starch supplementation (HCA) caused the highest passage rate for INDF (2.55% h-1) and was significantly higher than for the control diet. It is concluded that more efficient utilization of poor quality forages occurred with increased nitrogen availability in the rumen and that the use of sugar, starch and feed additives like “Magadi” can have variable effects on intake and digestibility of poor quality forages. However, if cheap sugar and starch concentrates are available, they can be used without compromising the digestibility of the basal forage markedly.
Le contrôle cognitif des mouvements oculaires : influence du vieillissement, de la maladie d'Alzheimer et de la dépression

Le present travail de these par articles visait a apporter sa contribution, d’une part a la comprehension des relations entre mouvements oculaires et vieillissement cognitif normal et pathologique, d’autre part a la caracterisation des modifications oculomotrices specifiques a la maladie d’Alzheimer et a la depression, deux pathologies parfois cliniquement difficiles a discriminer chez la personne âgee. A travers une serie de quatre articles et une experience non publiee, nous avons examine les relations entre le declin des capacites de controle cognitif associe au vieillissement normal et les modifications des parametres des saccades oculaires liees a l’âge. Par ailleurs, nous avons egalement etudie precisement les caracteristiques de differents parametres des saccades et leurs liens avec l’alteration du controle cognitif dans la maladie d’Alzheimer. La comparaison directe des performances oculomotrices de patients atteints de la maladie d’Alzheimer et de patients âges atteints de depression a permis de differencier des caracteristiques oculomotrices specifiques a la maladie d’Alzheimer de celles specifiques a la depression du sujet âge. Enfin, nous avons pu mettre en evidence la specificite de l’analyse visuelle des informations emotionnelles des visages chez des patients âges souffrant de depression.Dans l’ensemble, ces travaux ont montre une influence du declin cognitif lie a l’âge, mais aussi de la depression et de la maladie d’Alzheimer sur les performances oculomotrices. Le ralentissement du traitement de l’information semble avoir un impact sur les parametres des saccades sur toutes les tâches proposees. La latence et le nombre de saccades erronees ont pu etre associes aux capacites d’inhibition. Le nombre et le temps de correction des saccades corrigees etaient plutot lies aux capacites de surveillance (monitoring) et de flexibilite cognitive. Les capacites de correction des saccades erronees dans la depression etaient similaires a celles du vieillissement normal, mais alterees dans la maladie d’Alzheimer. La latence des saccades etait par contre plus influencee par la depression que par la maladie d’Alzheimer. De plus, le traitement des stimuli emotionnels a revele des strategies particulieres chez les patients âges atteints de depression – un evitement des caracteristiques emotionnelles des visages, excepte pour la joie – qui pourraient etre differentes de l’alteration de la recherche visuelle retrouvee dans la maladie d’Alzheimer par des etudes anterieures. Que ce soit au travers des tâches de saccades ou d’exploration visuelle, les mouvements oculaires peuvent refleter les processus de controle cognitif et permettre de differencier la depression de maladie d’Alzheimer.
Specificity of systemically released rice stem volatiles on egg parasitoid, Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead behaviour

The yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (YSB), infested rice plants emit chemicals through the surface of their infested stems. These induce attractant activity and cause arrestment responses and ovipositional stimulation in its egg parasitoid, Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead. Laboratory experiments on short‐range host searching and oviposition were performed to assess the how these crude stem extracts and their fractions influence the biological control efficiency of Trichogramma. The activity of these chemicals as long‐range attractants was confirmed through wind tunnel bioassays. Stem borer‐infested plant extracts had enhanced the parasitization rate of T. japonicum, whereas host eggs treated with the extract from undamaged stems or solvent‐treated control failed to evoke changes in the parasitoid’s behaviour. A preliminary GC‐MASS analysis indicated the presence of several hydrocarbon compounds. The analysis also revealed qualitative and quantitative differences between the chemical profiles of the infested and non‐infested plants. We hypothesized that herbivore‐induced plant chemicals are released through the stem surfaces and attract T. japonicum, even over long distances. These cues elicit parasitoid arrestment on pest‐damaged plants and subsequently lead to the successful parasitization of the stem borer.
Propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis aglomerados produzidos com diferentes proporções de madeira e casca de arroz

This work aimed at evaluating the quality of particleboard manufactured with different wood proportions ( Eucalyptus grandis ) and rice husk. The composites were produced in the proportions 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of rice husk with the use of urea-formaldehyde and tannin-formaldehyde adhesives. In order to characterize the quality of the particleboards, physical properties (density; moisture content; water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours of immersion in water) and mechanical properties (static bending; internal bonding and screw withdrawal) were considered. Results showed that increasing rice husk proportion caused larger instability and a decrease in the resistance of particleboards. Particleboards manufactured with tannin-formaldehyde resins presented higher quality when compared to urea-formaldehyde.
Genetic Structure of Alpha S1 Casein in Slovak Pinzgau Cattle

The work was oriented to identification of -s1 casein gene polymorphism and analysis of genotype structure in population of Slovak Pinzgau cattle. The material involved 39 cattle. Bovine genomic DNA was isolated by commercial kit NucleoSpin Blood (Macherey-Nagel) and ethanol precipitation and used in order to estimate -s1 casein genotypes by means of PCR-RFLP method. The PCR products were digested with MaeIII restriction enzyme. In the population included in the study, homozygote genotype BB (39 animals) and heterozygote genotype BC (3 animals). Homozygote genotype CC has not been observed. In the total population of cattle homozygotes BB – 0.9231 were the most frequent, while BC – 0.0769 were the least frequent ones. This suggests a superiority of allele B – 0.9615.
Comparison of Some Production Traits in Malya and Akkaraman Sheep

Summary : This research was carried out to compare the fertility traits, greasy fleece weight and wool characteristics in breeding ewes; and the growth and survival rates of lambs in Ankaraman and Malya breeds. The data was obtained for fertility traits from 5581 Malya and 9707 Akkaraman ewes, for growth rates from 100 lambs in each breed, for greasy fleece weights from 100 ewes in each breed and for wool characteristics from 32 Malya and 28 Akkaraman ewes. Fertility traits such as lambing percentage, twinning rate, litter size and number of lambs weaned per hundred ewes lambing between 1992 and 1995 were found to be 87.2 - 90.6 %; 29.4 - 44.6 %; 1.29 - 1.44 and 112.1 - 121.7 for the Malya breed; 87.2 - 90.5 %; 29.5 - 43.1 % ; 1.29 - 1.44 and 113.3 - 125.8 for the Akkaraman breed, respectively. Least squares weights at birth and on the 105th, 150th, 180th, 210th, 240th and 360th day were found to be 4.591, 31.803, 37.200, 35.965, 37.961, 40.548 and 57.158 kg for Malya lambs; 4.915, 33.667, 38.878, 38.685, 41.607, 44.110 and 60.264 kg for Akkaraman lambs, respectively. Akkaraman lambs were for greater weight than Malya lambs in all ages; and differences between breeds at all different growth periods were significant. Effects of the lambs' sex and type of birth on the lambs' weights at different ages were significant. Of the lambs born alive at different years, 91.4 - 96.2 % and 96.1 - 97.6 % survived to the 105th day (weaning weight) in Malya and Akkaraman breeds, respectively. Greasy fleece weights were found to be 2.364 kg and 2.464 kg in Malya and Akkaraman breeding ewes. The average means for fiber length, fiber diameter, crimps in 2.54 cm, percentage of medullated fiber and wool efficiency were 10.27 cm, 24. 61µ, 8.75, 0.00 % and 48.34 % in Malya breed, 14.15 cm, 27.96 µ, 4.01, 0.25 % and 51.41 % in Akkaraman breed, respectively. Differences between breeds for fiber length, fiber diameter and crimps were significant. Income from sheep breeding generally depends on lamb production. Although the growth rate of Akkaraman lambs is greater than Malya lambs, edible lamb production from the Malya breed is higher than the Akkaraman breed because Akkaraman are fat-tailed. Therefore, bearing in mind that the adaptation capability of the Malya breed to Central Anatolian conditions is very high like the Akkaraman breed, keeping the Malya breed is more suitable than the Akkaraman breed.
Wildlife in a changing world : an analysis of the 2008 IUCN red list of threatened species

Wildlife in a Changing World presents an analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Beginning with an explanation of the IUCN Red List as a key conservation tool, it goes on to discuss the state of the worlds species and provides the latest information on the patterns of species facing extinction in some of the most important ecosystems in the world, highlighting the reasons behind their declining status. Areas of focus in the report include: freshwater biodiversity, the status of the worlds marine species, species susceptibility to climate change impacts, the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, and broadening the coverage of biodiversity assessments.
The Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E5 Protein: Stress Signaling and Expression in Cervical Cancer Cell Lines

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of 99% of cervical cancers, approximately 60% of which are caused by the high-risk type 16. While two of the three HPV-16 oncoproteins, E6 and E7, have been well characterized, the biological functions of the E5 protein remain elusive. HPV-16 E5 protein (16E5) is thought to be disrupted during viral integration, a key event in cellular transformation, suggesting that 16E5 is not essential for carcinogenesis. Conversely, its presence has been shown to enhance E6 and E7-induced transformation, and several studies, including those by Sherman et. al. (1992) and Bauer-Hofmann et. al. (1996), have shown the presence of potentially E5-coding transcripts even in cervical cancer cell lines with integrated viral genomes. However, direct confirmation of 16E5 expression in cancer cells has not been possible, mostly attributable to the lack of specific antibodies. In this thesis, we use mass spectrometry to identify 16E5 in two HPV-16 positive cervical cancer cell lines, SiHa and CaSki. This is the first time that 16E5 has been identified in cervical
PLANT HORMONES: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action

A. INTRODUCTION 1 The plant hormones: Their nature, occurrence and function: Peter J. Davies 2 Regulatory factors in hormone action: level, location and signal transduction: Peter J. Davies B. HORMONE BIOSYNTHESIS, METABOLISM, AND ITS REGULATION 1 Auxin biosynthesis and metabolism: Jennifer Normanly, Janet P. Slovin and Jerry D. Cohen 2 Gibberellin biosynthesis and inactivation: Valerie M. Sponsel and Peter Hedden 3 Cytokinin biosynthesis and metabolism: Hitoshi Sakakibara 4 Ethylene biosynthesis: Jean-Claude Pech, Mondher Bouzayen and Alain Latche 5 Abscisic acid biosynthesis and metabolism: Steven H. Schwartz and Jan A.D. Zeevaart 6 Brassinosteroids biosynthesis and metabolism: Sunghwa Choe 7 Regulation of Gibberellin and Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis by Genetic, Environmental and Hormonal Factors: James B. Reid, Gregory M. Symons and John J. Ross C. THE FINAL ACTION OF HORMONES 1 Auxin and cell elongation: Robert E. Cleland 2 Gibberellin action in germinating cereal grains: Fiona Woodger, John V. Jacobsen, and Frank Gubler 3 Cytokinin regulation of the cell division cycle: Luc Roef and Harry Van Onckelen 4 Expansins as agents of hormone action: Hyung-Taeg Cho and Daniel Cosgrove D. HORMONE SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 1 Auxin signal transduction Gretchen Hagen, Tom J. Guilfoyle and William M. Gray Update: The Auxin Receptor 2 Gibberellin signal transduction in stem elongation and leaf growth: Tai-Ping Sun Update: The Gibberellin Receptor 3 Cytokinin signal transduction: Bridey B. Maxwell and Joseph J. Kieber 4 Ethylene signal transduction in stem elongation: Ramlah Nehring and Joseph R. Ecker 5 Ethylene signal transduction in flowers and fruits: Harry J. Klee and David G. Clark 6 Abscisic acid signal transduction in stomatal responses: Sarah M. Assmann Update: The Abscisic Acid Receptor 7 Brassinosteroid signal transduction: Steven D. Clouse E. THE FUNCTIONING OF HORMONES IN PLANTGROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 1 Auxin transport: David A. Morris, Jiri Friml and Eva Zazimalova 2 The induction of vascular tissues by auxin: Roni Aloni 2A Strigolactones: The New Class of Branching Hormones: Christine A. Beveridge and Catherine Rameau 3 Hormones and the regulation of water balance: Ian C. Dodd and William J. Davies 3A The Flowering Hormone - Florigen: A Protein Hormone: Brian G. Ayre 4 The role of hormones during seed development and germination: Ruth R. Finkelstein: 5 Hormonal and daylength control of potato tuberization: Salome Prat 6 The hormonal regulation of senescence: Susheng Gan 7 Genetic and transgenic approaches to improving crop performance via hormones: Andy L. Phillips F. THE ROLES OF HORMONES IN DEFENSE AGAINST INSECTS AND DISEASE 1 Jasmonates: Gregg A. Howe Update: The Jasmonate Receptor 2 Salicylic acid: Terrence P Delaney 3 Peptide hormones: Clarence A. Ryan and Gregory Pearce G. HORMONE ANALYSIS 1 Methods of plant hormone analysis: Karin Ljung, Goran Sandberg and Thomas Moritz. Table of Genes Index
Analysis of landuse and biomass in Khanda watershed, Garhwal Himalaya, using satellite remote sensing data

In the present study, forest biomass mapping and estimates were carried out for a watershed in Garhwal Himalaya using stratified approach. IRS-1B, LISS II data of May 1994 with four spectral bands of spatial resolution 36.25 m were used for forest type and crown cover mapping. The forest type-cum-crown cover map was used as a major base for forest biomass mapping, which was then integrated with 'crown cover-biomass model'. Stand biomass for each site was computed from ground inventory using mean cbh, density and generalized species and interspecies allometric equations. Stand biomass values were related to the crown cover through allometric equations. Using these equations and mean crown cover for each individual class, mean biomass was computed for various components. The total biomass for each forest type was computed by using mean values and the areal extent of the class. Of the total geographical area of 113.50 km2, non-forested land occupied 54.1% area. Forest cover was distributed in five forest types and stratified into three crown cover classes ranged viz., 21-40%, 41-60% and 61-80%. About 6.8% of the forest area (i.e. 3.1% of total area) was under 61-80% crown cover. Crown cover of >60% was encountered only in mixed conifer forest. The forests with >40% crown cover occupied 78.2% of forest land (i.e. 35.8% of the total area). Total above ground biomass in entire study area including village woodlands was 1217.94×10 3 t out of which 130.31×103 t was in village wood-lands. Among different forest types maximum biomass was found in Pinus roxburghii forest (315.55×10 5 t).
Biofilm formation by the anaerobic pathogen Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile is an obligate anaerobic, Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium. Although an opportunistic pathogen, it is one of the important causes of healthcare-associated infections. While toxins TcdA and TcdB are the main virulence factors of C. difficile, the factors or processes involved in gut colonization during infection remain unclear. The biofilm-forming ability of bacterial pathogens has been associated with increased antibiotic resistance and chronic recurrent infections. Little is known about biofilm formation by anaerobic gut species. Biofilm formation by C. difficile could play a role in virulence and persistence of C. difficile, as seen for other intestinal pathogens. We demonstrate that C. difficile clinical strains, 630, and the strain isolated in the outbreak, R20291, form structured biofilms in vitro. Biofilm matrix is made of proteins, DNA and polysaccharide. Strain R20291 accumulates substantially more biofilm. Employing isogenic mutants, we show that virulence-associated proteins, Cwp84, flagella and a putative quorum sensing regulator, LuxS, Spo0A, are required for maximal biofilm formation by C. difficile. Moreover we demonstrate that bacteria in C. difficile biofilms are more resistant to high concentrations of vancomycin, a drug commonly used for treatment of CDI, and that inhibitory and sub-inhibitory concentrations of the same antibiotic induce biofilm formation. Surprisingly, clinical C. difficile strains from the same out-break, but from different origin, show differences in biofilm formation. Genome sequence analysis of these strains showed presence of a single nucleoide polymorphism (SNP) in the anti-σ factor RsbW, which regulates the stress-induced alternative sigma factor B (σB). We further demonstrate that RsbW, a negative regulator of alternative sigma factor B, has a role in biofilm formation and sporulation of C. difficile. Our data suggest that biofilm formation by C. difficile is a complex multifactorial process and may be a crucial mechanism for clostridial persistence in the host.
Investigation of Antixenosis and Antibiosis as Mechanisms of Resistance in Rice to the Rice Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Five rice lines (8721941, 8723463, 8723518, 8725417, 8725454) were evaluated in the greenhouse in 1991 and 1992 for resistance to the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel. These lin.