Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroscientific, psychological and clinical-philosophical approaches to voice-hearing : a critical systematic review

Tackling the complexity of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) or voice-hearing phenomena in schizophrenia requires an interdisciplinary approach for their better understanding, and ultimately for their treatment. One initial, but far reaching obstacle on the way to an appropriate understanding of voice-hearing is that there is no consensus on how such phenomena are best conceptualised. Given the various dimensions in which voicehearing experiences can be described (e.g., audibility, personification, relationality) it is not obvious which of them constitute core features of voice-hearing. In the present thesis, it is proposed that the experience of a communication moment is a promising candidate for such a core feature. Moreover, studies from the areas of neuroscience, psychology, as well as clinical philosophy are systematically reviewed in order to examine how voice-hearing is conceptualised and studied in these disciplines. Methodological, as well as conceptual shortcomings of these approaches are critically discussed. Whereas neuroscientific accounts of voice-hearing have focused on self-monitoring accounts, clinical-philosophical accounts of voice-hearing in schizophrenia have focused on general alterations of experience as basis for the occurrence of voice-hearing. Psychological approaches to voice-hearing stress its relational nature. Such accounts have largely been developed separately and their compatibility is not obvious, also because of differing metaphysical assumptions of different disciplines. It is proposed that a phenomenological-ecological standpoint may be valuable for the contextualisation of results regarding voice-hearing from different disciplines, avoiding the pitfalls of reductionist conceptions of voice-hearing. Practical implications for an interdisciplinary research of AVHs are also derived.
Determination of DMFT index among 7-11 year-old students and its relation with fluoride in Shiraz drinking water in Iran

Objective: The main source of receiving fluoride to prevent dental carries is by adding fluoride to water. The aim of this research was to determine DMFT index in 7-11 year-old students and its relation with fluoride concentration in drinking water in Shiraz in 2010. Methodology: This research involved 760 students to measure the DMFT index in the four educational districts. Seventy-five water samples were taken in the study area to determine their fluoride concentration by Spadenz method using DR-5000U Spectrophotometer. To determine DMFT, schools were chosen by cluster sampling and students and their grade were randomly selected and examined by a dental hygienist. Results: The mean fluoride concentration in Shiraz drinking water is 0.69 mgL -1 . The maximum DMFT index belonged to the fourth district (1.35) and the minimum belonged to the first district (0.47). The mean DMFT index was 0.935. The DMFT index was the same for the girls and boys in the 4 districts (0.93). There was no significant correlation between the DMFT and different age groups (p>0.05). The maximum M (missing) teeth belong to 8 year-age student (2.42). Conclusion: The mean DMFT index in the current study was less than the index obtained in many other cities in the country. Although DMFT index were similar for boys and girls in this study, other studies have showed that the index was higher for girls. The mean fluorine concentration in Shiraz drinking water was below the standard level.
Estimated Effect on Fatty Acid Intake of Substituting a Low-Saturated, High-Oleic, Low-Linolenic Soybean Oil for Liquid Oils

Low-saturated, high-oleic, low-linolenic (LSHO) soybean oil has been developed to contain a fatty acid profile optimized for high-temperature and repeated-use conditions characteristic of commercial frying. Target food applications include fried meat, poultry, and fish dishes, french fries, potato chips, and puffs. The current study estimated the impact on fatty acid intake in the US population after substitution of available frying and spray oil blends with LSHO soybean oil. Total dietary intake of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, decreased in mean and 90th percentile per-capita groups by 0.8% and 1.4% energy, respectively, whereas oleic acid intake increased by 1.7% and 3.4% energy in these respective groups. Linoleic and linolenic acid intakes were also decreased, but the Institute of Medicine-defined adequate intake levels of these essential fatty acids were met across all age and sex subgroups. Estimated changes in fatty acid intake after substitution with LSHO soybean oil in target foods are consistent with current dietary recommendations to reduce saturated fat intake. Moreover, there is mounting evidence that replacing dietary saturated fatty acids with unsaturated fatty acids is an effective method to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease
A study investigating professional attitudes and confidence in providing sexuality information to prostate cancer patients

Abstract Purpose: Sexual dysfunction is a well-documented side effect of radical radiotherapy treatment for prostate cancer and the provision of information to patients is often a radiotherapist and assistant role. The study sought to measure the attitudes and beliefs of individuals before and after an educational intervention and establish current practice in providing sexual information. Method: A quantitative approach with a minor qualitative element was used. A simple pre–post test questionnaire design using an adapted version of the Reynold and Magnan (2005) Sexual Attitudes and Beliefs’ Questionnaire was utilised. The educational intervention was a Reflective Learning Package (RLP). Results: Fifty-six participants took part, a response rate of 87.5%. The data was analysed using SPSS, version 15. The RLP had a highly significant effect on improving the attitudes and beliefs of the participants (Wilcoxon test 0.000 p < 0.001). Qualitative data key themes showed lack of knowledge, confidence and embarrassment were the main barriers to giving sexuality information during the ‘first day chat’. Conclusion: There may be a need to address the current methods of education and support of staff being prepared to perform this important role and to recognise that personal limitations may influence the individuals’ effectiveness in communicating sexuality information.
Assessment of adherence to psychotropic medications among out-patients at the Pharmacy Department of a Psychiatric Hospital, in Benin City, Nigeria

Patient adherence to medication regimens determines the success of the illness remission. Poor‐adherence among patients diagnosed with psychiatric illnesses is associated with poor clinical outcomes and high economic and human resource utilization.The aim was to evaluate the level of patients’ adherence to psychotropic drugs and also to explore factors associated with poor medication adherence. A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey of 200 (n = 200) conveniently sampled patients in an out‐patient pharmacy setting using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the eight‐item Morisky medication adherence scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize and test for associations in the variables. Adherence varied from poor‐adherence (55.5%) through moderate (36%) to high adherence (8.5%) among participants. No significant associations were observed between poor medication adherence and the socio‐demographic characteristics of patients. More than half of the psychiatric out‐patients were poorly adherent to prescribed medications. Strategies to improve adherence are crucial in psychiatric care. Key words: Medication adherence, out‐patients, pharmacy, psychiatry, psychotropic
Noun–Noun Compound Analysis: A Holistic Perspective

Meaning Representation: The Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR; Banarescu et al., 2014) is a formalism for English whole-sentence meaning representation. In practice, AMRs are directed, acyclic and rooted graphs, whose nodes represent concepts (or constants) and edges represent the relation between the nodes. The AMR concepts are in no small part based on PropBank frames. In theory, one can identify the noun–noun compounds in the AMR copora and extract their corresponding relations from the AMR graphs. However, since one of the basic principles of AMR is to “abstract away from syntactic idiosyncrasies” (Banarescu et al., 2014, p. 178), the AMR graphs are, in practice, not aligned with surface form tokens.16 Hence, in order to derive an AMR-based dataset for noun–noun interpretation, one would first need to align the tokens to the AMR graph nodes.17 Even if we assume token-aligned graphs, it is not always clear how to extract the noun–noun compound analysis from AMR. For example, the constituents of the compound police official are analyzed as arguments to a non-lexical concept have-org-role-91 (which expresses organizational membership). 18 The sub-graph in Figure 3.2 shows the analysis of police official in AMR. DeepBank: DeepBank (Flickinger et al., 2012) annotates the WSJ corpus in PTB with the English Resource Grammar (ERG; Flickinger, 2000), which is a broad-coverage, linguistically precise grammar for English written within the linguistic framework of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG; Pollard & Sag, 1994). By design, these analyses limit themselves to what is often called sentence meaning, i.e. the constraints on interpretation imposed 16AMR 2.0 (released on June 15, 2017) includes automatically generated alignments, whereas AMR 1.0 (released on June 16, 2014) does not provide any form of alignments. We evaluated the use of AMR for creating a dataset for compound interpretation before its second release. Needless to say, the issue of string-to-graph alignment remains unresolved in AMR 2.0, because it was generated automatically. Therefore, we argue that AMR 2.0 is still not ideal for creating a high-quality AMR-based compound dataset. 17In fact, aligning tokens or strings to AMR graphs has emerged as a separate task in and of itself in NLP (Pourdamghani et al., 2014; Lyu & Titov, 2018). 18A non-lexical concept is an abstract concept that does not directly correspond to a token in the sentence.
Erythrocyte Phosphatidylserine Exposure in Î²-Thalassemia

Introduction: Phospholipid asymmetry is well maintained in erythrocyte (RBC) membranes with phosphatidylserine (PS) exclusively present in the inner leaflet. Eryptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes, is characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and cell membrane phospholipids scrambling with PS exposure at the cell surface. Erythrocytes exposing PS are recognized, bound, engulfed, and degraded by macrophages. Eryptosis thus fosters clearance of affected erythrocytes from circulating blood which may aggravate anemia in pathological conditions. Thalassemia patients are more sensitive to the eryptosis depletion and osmotic shock which may affect RBC membrane Phospholipid asymmetry. Aim: We aimed in this work to determine the erythrocyte PS exposure in splenectomized and non splenectomized β-Thalassemia (β-TM) patients and correlate it with the clinical presentation and laboratory data. Methods: RBCs were stained for annexin V (AV) to detect phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in 46 β-TM patients (27 splenectomized and 19 non splenectomized) compared to 17 healthy subjects as a control group. Results: We reported significant increase in erythrocyte PS exposure in β-TM patients compared to control group (p=0.0001). Erythrocyte PS exposure was significantly higher in splenectomized β-TM patients as compared with non splenectomized β-TM patients (p=0.001). No correlation was found between erythrocyte PS exposure and clinical or hematological data of β-TM patients but there was positive correlation between erythrocyte PS exposure and ferritin level in β-TM patients. Conclusion: These findings suggest that β-TM patients have higher level of erythrocyte PS exposure and splenectomy was shown to aggravate erythrocyte PS exposure without aggravation of anemia.
Impact of earning on young children’s sharing behaviour

ABSTRACT The purpose of the current study is to examine the impact of earning stickers compared to receiving them for free on kindergarteners’ (5–6-year-old) sharing behaviours. Children’s sharing behaviours were measured with the Dictator Game. Seven weeks after the first application, each child performed a matching dots to numbers activity. Thus, each child gained stickers as a result of his/her endeavour and success. The results of one-way ANOVA and logistic regression did not reveal gender, age and income as significant contributors for young children’s sharing behaviours. The findings have shown that young children’s sharing behaviours significantly decrease when they earn stickers rather than receive them for free without any effort. In other words, children’s sharing behaviours decreased 10.4% when they were asked to share something that they had earned as a reward compared to when those rewards were just given to them for free.
An Identification of Mental Problems Experienced by Adults in a Rural Area

SUMMARY Objectives: The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the mental state of 18 to 65-year-olds in a rural area and to analyze associated factors. Methods: The sample of the study was selected through simple random sampling and contained 190 individuals. The data were collected via two instruments, namely a descriptive form, which was designed to reveal the participants’ socio-demographic characteristics and overall health status, and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), which was used for identifying their mental state. The T test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were used. Results: According to BSI, the symptoms of depression that the participants in the study had the highest mean scores in were obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, supplementary item and hostility in descending order whereas the ones they got the lowest mean scores in were phobic anxiety and psychoticism. The participants had low mean scores in Global Severity Index (GSI) while they had nearly intermediate mean scores in Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI) and Positive Symptom Total (PST ). The results of multiple regression analysis suggested that the predictive factors for the three global indices of distress were as follows: monthly income and being a member of a nuclear family for GSI, income and having a chronic disease for PST, and monthly income for PSDI. Conclusion: In this study it is founded that mental disorders are much more common in rural areas; and that income and family structure are the important determinants factor that may be responsible for the occurrence of these mental disorders.
An Acoustic Measurements of English Stops Produced by Native Yemeni Arabic Speakers of English (NYASE)

Acoustically, this paper investigates English stops consonants as produced by NYASE. The researcher examines the voicing of six stops by the use of Voice Onset Time (henceforth VOT) method. This inquiry aims to identify how similar/different the VOT patterns produced by NYASE to the VOT-literature-based patterns produced by native speakers of English. The subjects of this study are two Yemeni adults doing their Ph.D. at Annamalai University, Center of Advanced Study in Linguistics. They were chosen based on a self-evaluation test. Those subjects who evaluated themselves as having an ‘excellent’ command over English were selected to participate in this study. Knowingly, the subjects are late bilinguals, who learned English in their adulthood. Later on, the targeted sounds in word-initial position, pre-vocalically, in monosyllabic words, and in their citation form, have been recorded and analyzed following Lisker and Abramson (1964) procedures. Wide-band spectrograms cross-checked with waveforms were made, and from them, VOT was measured by ‘marking off the interval between the release of the stop and the onset of voicing’. The acoustic measurements showed that NYASE produce long lag VOT patterns for voiceless stop, long lead VOT patterns for voiced ones.
Empowerment of women through literacy education: some issues for Nigeria’s consideration

This paper examines the status of women in the pre- and post-independent era in Nigeria and in contemporary society. It explores the introduction of western general forms of dichotomies, discriminations and apathy that general education has caused in their life, and brought about patriarchal knowledge and man’s domination and control of all spheres of knowledge, work, religion, laws, processes and which have engendered societal disempowerment of women. The paper thus advances adult and non-formal education and counselling programs as tools for empowering women. It also reviews the problems faced by women in society and proffers adult and non-formal education and counselling education strategies as solutions capable of propelling them to contribute their quota to the socio-economic and political development of the nation.
The labour force experience of new migrants

This report examines key indicators of labour market success, along with a range of other characteristics, for the cohort of migrants arriving in Australia between September 1999 and August 2000 as indicated by the Longitudinal Survey of Migrants to Australia (LSIA2). The data for this cohort is compared with that for an earlier group of migrants who arrived in Australia between September 1993 and August 1995 as documented in LSIA1. The report investigates the changing outcomes of migrants in the earlier cohort as their time in Australia lengthens. The study analyses the outcomes for both primary applicants and spouses and reports on the extent to which migrants under different visa categories have different outcomes. Specifically, the research compares the labour force experiences, English language proficiency, level of qualifications, level and source of income, and need and access to support services of all members of the migrating unit (i.e. principal applicant, spouse, and dependents). In the time between the arrival of the first and second cohorts, several changes in policy and the economy that influence the economic outcomes of recent migrants have taken place. The report presents evidence on the extent to which these changes have affected different outcomes for migrants of the second cohort as compared with those in the earlier cohort. The sections of the report are: Introduction; An overview of the two cohorts; Labour force outcomes; Unemployment; English language proficiency; Qualifications; Level and source of income; Explaining the changes across the cohorts; Multivariate analysis. An executive summary and references are included.
How do geography teachers notice critical incidents during instruction?

Abstract Teachers are confronted with multiple stimuli during instruction. To teach responsively, they must be able to identify and address classroom incidents that are critical for student learning. In the literature, the term “noticing” is used to refer to teachers’ perception and interpretation of such incidents, as well as the associated decision-making. This qualitative study explores geography teachers’ ability to notice pertinent stimuli. For this purpose, two staged video vignettes of subject-specific critical incidents were constructed. Expert geography teachers watched the vignettes, stopping them to comment whenever they noticed something critical. The findings indicate that a majority of teachers perceived the incidents in the manner intended by the authors. Analysis of the teachers’ comments revealed four types of interpretation. While the participants did not always make a decision about how to respond to an incident, the analysis also identified two types of decision-making.
Significant increase in HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis infections among blood donors in West Bengal, Eastern India 2004-2005: Exploratory screening reveals high frequency of occult HBV infection

AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among blood donors in Kolkata, Eastern India for two consecutive years and to conduct a pilot study to explore the presence of HBV DNA among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative but anti-HBc positive blood donors. METHODS: Seroprevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV was studied among 113 051 and 106 695 voluntary blood donors screened in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Moreover, a pilot study on 1027 HBsAg negative donors was carried out for evaluating the presence of HBV DNA by PCR on HBsAg negative/anti- HBc positive donors. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in the prevalence of HBV (1448 vs 1768, P 0.001), HIV (262 vs 374, P 0.001), HCV (314 vs 372, P = 0.003) and syphilis (772 vs 853, P = 0.001) infections was noted among blood donors of Kolkata West Bengal in 2005 as compared to 2004. Moreover, the exploratory study on 1027 HBsAg negative donors revealed that 188 (18.3%)of them were anti-HBc positive out of which 21% were positive for HBV DNA. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study underscore the significantly increasing endemicity of hepatitis viruses, syphilis and HIV among the voluntary blood donors of our community. The pilot study indicates a high rate of prevalence of HBV DNA among HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive donors and thus emphasizes the need for a more sensitive and stringent screening algorithm for blood donations.
The Prevalence of Tobacco Use among Manufacturing Workers: Findings from the Baseline Survey of the Mumbai Worksite Tobacco Control Study

Objectives: To explore the potential role of the work context associated with tobacco use patterns among manufacturing workers in India Methods: We used cross-sectional survey data from the Mumbai Worksite Tobacco Control Study. Workers from manufacturing worksites in the greater Mumbai region were surveyed from 20 worksites that were recruited between July 2012 and July 2013 on rolling basis for a randomized controlled trial. Results: A total of 6880 workers out of 7633 that employed in 20 manufacturing worksites were surveyed. Current tobacco use was higher among production (23.5%) than non-production (19.2%) workers. In contrast, past tobacco use was somewhat lower among production (6.2%) than non-production (8.4%) workers. Production workers who used smokeless tobacco were twice as likely to report their workplaces did not have a policy or rule prohibiting tobacco use as compared to smokers or non-tobacco users. The prevalence of past tobacco use - compared to current use - was associated with workers’ education, economic index and number of co-workers using tobacco. Conclusions: The current study underscores the important role of co-workers and worksite tobacco control policies (that cover both smoking and smokeless forms) to support reductions in tobacco use among manufacturing workers.
Keep it rolling: examining the San José Bike Party with methods on the move

ABSTRACT This paper is an exploration of the possibilities for employing multiple ‘moving’ qualitative research methodologies in order to engage and capture embodied emotions and practices of participating in the San José Bike Party (SJBP). SJBP originated in 2004–2005 as an organised community group ride through the urban streets of San José, California. The ride has grown to include 2000–4000 riders of diverse riding levels and social backgrounds. Through social media, leaders of the group map out the route, lay out the rules of the road, and provide instructions for riders. In an effort to capture and examine the meaning of SJBP to participants, we have taken a multi-dimensional approach that incorporates ethnographic and phenomenological elements through the use of both traditional and nontraditional (mobile) data collection methods: conducting, for example, one-on-one interviews, focus group interviews, as well as ‘on the move’ interviews with GoPro cameras during the ride itself. Leaning on work that calls for more sociological engagement in the ‘mobilities turn’, we present some of our reflections on the use of multiple and moving/mobile methodologies towards a hybridised post qualitative research practice.