Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A multigrid method for an invariant formulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in general coordinates

The stationary incompressible Navier—Stokes equations are discretized with a finite volume method in curvilinear co-ordinates. The arbitrarily shaped domain is mapped onto a rectangular block, resulting in a boundary-fitted grid. In order to obtain accurate discretizations of the transformed equations, some requirements on geometric quantities should be met. The choice of velocity components is also of importance. Contravariant flux unknowns and pressure p are used as primary unknowns on a staggered grid arrangement. The system of discretized equations is solved with a non-linear multigrid algorithm, into which a smoother, called Symmetric Coupled Gauss—Seidel, is implemented. Cell by cell, all unknowns in the grid cell are updated by solving four momentum equations and a continuity equation simultaneously. The solution algorithm shows satisfying average reduction factors for several domains.
Third-Harmonic Generation in Xenon in a Pulsed Jet and a Gas Cell

We report experimental studies of harmonic generation in Xe using a 1064 nm Nd-YAG laser. Third-harmonic conversion is observed in a positively dispersive medium, using a tight-focusing geometry. The intensity of third-harmonic generation in a gas cell varies much more steeply with the laser intensity than a cubic law. The reason for the breaking of the phase matching condition is discussed.
Breakthroughs in the Systemic Treatment of HER2-Positive Advanced/Metastatic Gastric Cancer: From Singlet Chemotherapy to Triple Combination

Gastric cancer is heterogeneous in morphology, biology, genomics, and treatment response. Alterations in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) can be used as biomarkers. Since the combination of fluoropyrimidine/platinum plus trastuzumab that was investigated in the ToGA trial was approved as a standard of care in HER2-positive patients in 2010, no other agents showed efficacy in the first- (HELOISE, LOGiC, JACOB trials) and second- (TyTAN, GATSBY, T-ACT trials) line treatments. Despite the success in treating breast cancer, various anti-HER2 agents, including a monoclonal antibody (pertuzumab), an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC; trastuzumab emtansine [T-DM1]), and a small molecule (lapatinib) failed to translate into clinical benefits until the KEYNOTE-811 (first-line) and DESTINY-Gastri01 (≥second-line) trials were conducted. The incorporation of HER2-directed treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the form of a monoclonal antibody or ADC is now approved as a standard treatment. Despite the promising results of new agents (engineered monoclonal antibodies, bi-specific antibodies, fusion proteins, and small molecules) in the early phase of development, the management of HER2-positive gastric cancer requires further optimization to achieve precision medicine with a chemotherapeutic backbone. Treatment resistance is a complex process that can be overcome using a combination of chemotherapy, targeted agents, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, including novel agents. HER2 status must be reassessed in patients undergoing anti-HER2 treatment with disease progression after the first-line treatment. As a general guideline, patients who need systemic treatment should receive chemotherapy plus targeted agents, anti-angiogenic agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or their combinations.
Occurrence of Sex Chromosomes in Fish of the Genus Ancistrus with a New Description of Multiple Sex Chromosomes in the Ecuadorian Endemic Ancistrus clementinae (Loricariidae)

Ancistrus Kner, 1854, is the most diverse genus among the Ancistrini (Loricariidae) with 70 valid species showing a wide geographic distribution and great taxonomic and systematic complexity. To date, about 40 Ancistrus taxa have been karyotyped, all from Brazil and Argentina, but the statistic is uncertain because 30 of these reports deal with samples that have not yet been identified at the species level. This study provides the first cytogenetic description of the bristlenose catfish, Ancistrus clementinae Rendahl, 1937, a species endemic to Ecuador, aiming to verify whether a sex chromosome system is identifiable in the species and, if so, which, and if its differentiation is associated with the presence of repetitive sequences reported for other species of the family. We associated the karyotype analysis with the COI molecular identification of the specimens. Karyotype analysis suggested the presence of a ♂ZZ/♀ZW1W2 sex chromosome system, never detected before in Ancistrus, with both W1W2 chromosomes enriched with heterochromatic blocks and 18S rDNA, in addition to GC-rich repeats (W2). No differences were observed between males and females in the distribution of 5S rDNA or telomeric repeats. Cytogenetic data here obtained confirm the huge karyotype diversity of Ancistrus, both in chromosome number and sex-determination systems.
Modelling the dynamics of endemic malaria in growing populations

A mathematical model for endemic malaria involving variable human and mosquito populations is analysed. A threshold parameter $R_0$ exists and the disease can persist if and only if $R_0$ exceeds $1$. $R_0$ is seen to be a generalisation of the basic reproduction ratio associated with the Ross-Macdonald model for malaria transmission. The disease free equilibrium always exist and is globally stable when $R_0$ is below $1$. A perturbation analysis is used to approximate the endemic equilibrium in the important case where the disease related death rate is nonzero, small but significant. A diffusion approximation is used to approximate the quasi-stationary distribution of the associated stochastic model. Numerical simulations show that when $R_0$ is distinctly greater than $1$, the endemic deterministic equilibrium is globally stable. Furthermore, in quasi-stationarity, the stochastic process undergoes oscillations about a mean population whose size can be approximated by the stable endemic deterministic equilibrium.
Accurate model of arbitrary wire antennas in free space, above or inside ground

An accurate model of wire antennas in free space, above or inside lossy ground is presented in which the current is assumed to flow on the surface of the wire and the testing is also performed on the surface. To replace the traditional delta-gap source, a more accurate source model is developed by using the Huygens' principle. From this principle and reciprocity theorem, a variational formulation of the input admittance is derived. When the triangle function is chosen as both basis and weighting functions, all the elements of impedance matrix and source vector are formulated in closed forms, which can be rapidly computed. Several numerical results are given. Comparing with measured data, both the current distribution and input impedance by this model are more accurate than those of delta-gap model.
TWO-PERSON RED-AND-BLACK GAME WITH LOWER LIMIT

In this article we consider a two-person red-and-black game with lower limit. More precisely, assume each player holds an integral amount of chips. At each stage, each player can bet an integral amount between a fixed positive integer ℓ and his possession x if x ≥ ℓ; otherwise, he bets all of his own fortune. He might win his opponent's stakes with a probability that is a function of the ratio of his bet to the sum of both players' bets and is called a win probability function. The goal of each player is to maximize the probability of winning the entire fortune of his opponent by gambling repeatedly with suitably chosen stakes. We will give some suitable conditions on the win probability function such that it is a Nash equilibrium for the subfair player to play boldly and for the superfair player to play timidly.
Blue loops of intermediate mass stars . I. CNO cycles and blue loops

We investigate the effects of the CNO cycles on the formation of the blue loop for intermediate mass stars of solar-like metallicity. By use of two ways to treat the CNO cycles, we find that the models adopting the CNO bi-cycles (CNO models) develop extensive blue loops while those only considering the CN cycle (CN models) do not. We compare the properties of the CN and CNO models to explore the triggering mechanism of the blue loop. We notice that during the blue loop the increase of luminosity is determined by the nuclear energy production in the stellar core while the increase of effective temperature measures how far the stellar envelope can expand for a given luminosity at its base. We find that the stellar envelope obeys the virial theorem to a very high accuracy. Thus in a convection-dominated envelope, the extra heat from its base will lead to more developed convective motion and the decrease of temperature, and the star evolves up along the RGB. However in a radiation-dominated envelope, the increase of luminosity requires the increase of temperature to enlarge the radiation transfer efficiency, and the star develops a blue loop. We introduce an envelope convective ratio eta, which is defined by the envelope convection mass divided by the total envelope mass, to measure the development of convection in the stellar envelope. It is found that the critical value, eta(crit), for a star to develop a blue loop is between 0.3 and 0.45, and eta(crit) shows a weak dependence on the stellar mass. On the other hand, we find that the enhancement of the energy production rate in the H-burning shell is responsible for the increase of the stellar luminosity during the blue loop phase. The increasing central He-burning rate increases the temperature of the H-burning shell, while the movement of the H-burning shell along the chemical profile enhances its energy production efficiency. We find that higher N-14 abundance in the H-burning shell plays a crucial role in the formation of the blue loop for the CNO models. It makes the H-burning shell not only move quickly toward the lower temperature region in the pre-loop phase to decrease the stellar luminosity and eta, but also place the hydrogen discontinuity closer to the shell source to increase the stellar luminosity during the blue loop phase by adding higher abundant hydrogen into the H-burning shell. We find that overshooting from the convective core makes the abundance discontinuity layer displace farther from the stellar core, which makes the energy production of the H-burning shell less efficient and the blue loop more difficult to be formed. The opacity enhancement of the OPAL over the LAOL leads to stronger convective motion in the stellar envelope and thus makes the blue loop more difficult to form.
Remote sensing of the sea surface using one‐ and two‐frequency microwave techniques

The capabilities of one- and two-frequency, coherent, pulsed, microwave radars for the remote sensing of the sea surface have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. A combined instrument recording data independently in both modes is a compact and versatile probe for the study of two-scale wave systems. An expression for the output of a dual-frequency microwave system operated at intermediate grazing angles has been developed and quantitatively confirmed. This expression predicts that, for large illuminated areas, the dual-frequency signal/background ratio will be inversely proportional to the area of the scattering cell, a dependence which has been confirmed experimentally. Furthermore, it has been shown that if a scattering cell of radial dimension small in comparison with the dominant ocean wavelength and an azimuthal dimension large in comparison with the dominant ocean wavelength is used, frequency demodulation of coherent single-frequency microwave backscatter yields a signal proportional to the orbital velocity of those long waves which are propagating radially. This directional discrimination has been verified experimentally, and directional waveheight spectra have been shown to compare favorably with those measured by an array of pressure sensors. Finally, a double-modulation technique has been conceived and tested experimentally. This technique allows measurement of interactions between waves with lengths of a few meters and much longer waves. Representative modulation transfer functions for these wave-wave interactions have been obtained by using the technique.
Fast Flood Extent Monitoring With SAR Change Detection Using Google Earth Engine

Flooding is one of the most frequent and disastrous natural hazards triggered by extreme precipitation, high river runoff, hurricane storm surges, and the compounding effects of various flood drivers. This study introduces a new multisource remote sensing approach that leverages both multispectral optical imagery and the weather- and illumination-independent characteristics of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to streamline, automate, and map geographically reliable flood inundation extents. Utilizing the near real-time and cloud computing capabilities of Google Earth Engine (GEE), this process facilitates data acquisition and enables large-scale flood monitoring in an expeditious manner. Two major hurricanes along the U.S. Gulf Coast were evaluated: 1) the 2021 Hurricane Ida to the south of New Orleans, LA, USA, and 2) the 2017 Hurricane Harvey to the east of Houston, TX, USA. We devised a change detection and thresholding framework using multitemporal SAR imagery and validated the results with flood extent maps derived from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 optical imagery. We demonstrate that constant threshold values for flood extraction from SAR change detection indices are not ubiquitously suitable for all geographies; thus, we outline a heuristic that can be used to select thresholds suitable for specific sites through a fully automated sensitivity analysis. The results indicated high agreement between the SAR and optical imagery (77%–80%), with SAR providing the benefit of under-cloud detection. Furthermore, our results contribute to scaling the SAR approach to produce rapid and accurate information for decision-makers and emergency responders during time-sensitive flood events.
THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND PROMOTION ON PURCHASE DECISIONS IN GIVETHANKS PRINTING IN MEDAN

ABSTRACTThe current needs of the community in various activities such as working in offices, doing business, college, and schools require an increasingly diverse range of paper printing products, consumers are looking for quality products through various forms of promotions from these paper printing companies, giving rise to business competition with introduce products according to the needs and desires of consumers, then communicate the advantages of these products. A consumer in making a buying decision is influenced by several factors including product quality and promotion. In the city of Medan there are several paper printing places, one of which is Givethank Printing, which has been around for 10 years, a paper printing company in the Jalan Jamin Ginting area of Medan, offering several types of products from paper printing such as banners, invitations, brochures, business cards, stamps, screen printing. , and others. This research is quantitative in nature, data collection was carried out by questionnaires with partial and simultaneous testing of product quality and promotion which had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. The population and sample are customers of several communities and students residing in the area. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of product quality and promotion on purchasing decisions at Givethanks Printing in Medan. The research methodology is quantitative, namely testing theories through measuring research variables with numbers and analyzing data using statistical procedures, with the help of the SPSS Software Application. This type of field research (field research) is research that is directly carried out in the field or on respondents. Keywords: Product Quality, Promotion, Purchase Decision
Third-harmonic wave diffraction by a vertical cylinder

The diffraction of regular waves by a vertical circular cylinder in finite depth water is considered, within the frame of potential theory. The wave slope kA is assumed to be small so that successive boundary value problems at orders kA, k2A2, and k3A3 can be formulated. Here we focus on the third-order (k3 A3) problem but restrict ourselves to the triple-frequency component of the diffraction potential. The method of resolution is based on eigenfunction expansions and on the integral equation technique with the classical Green function expressed in cylindrical coordinates. Third-order (triple-frequency) loads are calculated and compared with experimental measurements and approximate methods based on long-wave theories.
Using Google Trends and Wikipedia to Investigate the Global Public’s Interest in the Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis of a Celebrity

A cross-sectional study was designed to assess the impact of a celebrity’s announcement of having been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer on the volume of cancer-related research on the Internet. Global searches were carried out on Google Trends (GT) for the period from 1 January 2004 to 20 November 2022 (since data prior to 2004 were not available) using the search words Tumore del Pancreas (pancreatic cancer), Tumore neuroendocrino (neuroendocrine tumor), and Fedez (the name of a popular Italian rapper). The frequency of specific page views for Fedez, Tumore del pancreas, and Tumore neuroendocrino was collected via Wikipedia Trends data. Statistical analyses were carried out using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The GT data revealed a strong correlation (r = 0.83) while the Wikipedia Trends data indicated a moderate correlation (r = 0.37) for Tumore neuroendocrino and Tumore del pancreas. The search peaks for the GT and Wikipedia pages occur during the same time period. An association was found between the celebrity’s announcement of his pancreatic cancer diagnosis and the volume of pancreatic-cancer-related online searches. Our findings demonstrate that media events and media coverage of health-related news can raise people’s curiosity and desire for health information.
Peculiar characteristics of ground motions in Southern Italy: Insights from global and regional ground motion models

We investigate peculiar characteristics of ground motions in Southern Italy (e.g. apparent fast anelastic attenuation and trends of event terms at different periods) using a comprehensive dataset of earthquake recordings between 1969 and 2020. By doing so, we gained insights into the relative performance of eight selected region-specific, global, and global with regional adjustment ground motion models (GMMs). Our analysis is performed using a preliminary dataset (i.e. including all ground motions recorded in the area for the selected analysis period) and an independent dataset (i.e. comprising data not used to develop the models). We analyze total residuals, event terms, within-even residuals, and residuals standardized by model standard deviations (i.e. epsilon). The latter is performed to obtain a robust comparison of GMMs with different standard deviation types and levels. These approaches are employed to ground motion characterization studies for the first time in this region. Our results show that in Southern Italy, there is an apparent anelastic attenuation of the ground motion faster than in other seismic districts. Overall, regional models capture this feature better than global models. Regional adjustments to global models better capture the observed anelastic attenuation at large distances. Using the standardized residuals analysis, we observe that all selected GMMs systematically underestimate the observed ground motion for relatively high ground motion levels and its variability at any intensity levels in the study region. These outcomes may help improving future ground motion models and related engineering applications involving such models in performance-based frameworks.
Clinical Significance of Different Profiles of anti-Ro Antibodies in Connective Tissue Diseases

Objective Anti-Ro60 and anti-Ro52 antibodies are associated with different connective tissue diseases (CTDs). However, the clinical significance of anti-Ro antibodies is not always consistent among different global regions. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with anti-Ro antibodies. Methods A total of 1596 inpatients with anti-Ro antibodies were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and serological data were compared between individuals with different profiles of anti-Ro antibodies: patients with anti-Ro52 antibodies alone, patients with anti-Ro60 antibodies alone, and patients with combined anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 antibodies. Results Of the 1596 patients, 1362 (85.3%) were female, the mean age was 45.5 years, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (46.0%) and Sjogren's syndrome (SS) (19.0%) were the most common CTD diagnoses. Among the patients with anti-Ro52 antibodies alone, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (18.8%) and SLE (17.6%) were the most common CTD diagnoses. The coexistent autoantibodies of this group were significantly lower compared with those of the other two groups, while the presence of anti-Jo1 antibodies were significantly higher compared with those of the other two groups (3.7% vs. 0.6% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.029). In addition, the patients with isolated anti-Ro52 antibodies were more likely to suffer from interstitial lung disease (35.5% vs. 11.3% vs. 13.7%, p < 10−4) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (10.1% vs. 5.3% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.001) compared with the other two groups of patients. Compared with patients with isolated anti-Ro52 or anti-Ro60 antibodies, the patients with combined anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 antibodies were more likely to suffer from xerophthalmia and xerostomia. Furthermore, hypocomplementemia, hyperglobulinemia, and proteinuria were particularly prevalent in patients with anti-Ro60 antibodies. Conclusion Different profiles of anti-Ro antibodies were significantly associated with clinical phenotypic features in CTDs, indicating the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of these antibodies in clinical practice.
Strong and Weak Laws of Large Numbers for Double Sums of Independent Random Elements in Rademacher Type p Banach Spaces

Abstract For a double array of independent random elements {V mn , m ≥ 1, n ≥ 1} in a real separable Rademacher type p (1 ≤ p ≤ 2) Banach space, strong and weak laws of large numbers are established for the double sums , m ≥ 1, n ≥ 1. For the strong law result, it is assumed that EV mn = 0, m ≥ 1, n ≥ 1 and conditions are provided under which almost surely as max {m, n} → ∞. These conditions for the strong law are shown to completely characterize Rademacher type p Banach spaces. The weak law results provide conditions for as max {m, n} → ∞ or for as max {m, n} → ∞ to hold where c ijmn = E(V ij I(‖V ij ‖ ≤ mn)), i, j, m, n ≥ 1 and {T m , m ≥ 1} and {τ n , n ≥ 1} are sequences of positive integer-valued random variables. Illustrative examples are provided.