Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Y2O3 Nanoparticles by Modified Transient Morphology Method

Yttrium oxide nanopowder has been successfully synthesized by a modified transient morphology. In the first step, a foamy structure was produced by combustion synthesis using yttrium nitrate and glycine. This was followed by the addition of sulfate ions and calcination at 1100 °C for 4 h. The sulfated powders were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD pattern shows Y2O3 single phase after calcination. The TEM images confirm the nanometric size of the particles in the range of 40-100nm.
Instability, stationary utilization and effective demand: A synthesis of Harrodian and Kaleckian growth theory

Within a Kaleckian framework, Harrodian instability and a constant long-run utilization rate are reconciled with the principle of effective demand by endogenizing the capacity output-capital ratio. Its change over time is argued to be a positive function of the utilization rate. As stabilizing forces, distribution and debt dynamics are considered. We argue that, with plausible non-linearities in the investment function, limit cycles consistent with empirical observations for the US can be generated by our model with reasonable parameter values and functional forms. With an endogenous capacity-capital ratio, the paradox of thrift as well as the paradox of cost may hold despite a constant long-run utilization rate.
Composite Lymphoma and Related Disorders

The Working Formulation of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) for clinical usage defines the composite lymphomas (CLs) as those with "two distinctly demarcated types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or the rare association of Hodgkin's disease with a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma within a single organ or tissue. " This definition is based entirely on morphologic features, and is essentially identical to that proposed by Kim and colleagues in 1977, when they broadened the original concept of Custer and of Rappaport and co-workers. Immunologic heterogeneity of lymphomas was already well-established at that time; nevertheless, the definition was suggested because the morphologic subclassification of lymphomas, and not the immunophenotype, was the major determinant for the prognosis and the treatment of patients. Since then, immunologic, molecular genetic, and cytogenetic studies have added considerably to the understanding of malignant lymphomas. Partly because of this progress, the publications in the last decade have reflected varying definitions of CL, and include those in which CL is defined as two lymphomas that differ as to their presumed cell of origin. This paper reviews recent publications on the subject of CL and related disorders.
The swelling and pore structure of microfibrillated cellulose

The aim of this work was to understand the particle level swelling and pore structure of micro brillated cellulose (MFC). For this purpose, a new variant of the solute exclusion test was constructed which takes into account the adsorption of dextran onto the cellulosic material and the elastic response of the ber material to external osmotic pressure. With the new method, two important properties, ber saturation point at zero external osmotic pressure (FSP0) and isotropic elastic modulus could be obtained. The particle level swelling for MFC was found to be 1.6 ml/g which is about the same as the swelling of the parent pulp bers. The MFC swelling was con rmed with thermoporosimetry which yielded further insights into the development of pore structure and surface area when the ber cell wall is de brillated.
Measurements of double differential neutron production cross sections by 135 MeV/nucleon He, C, Ne and 95 MeV/nucleon Ar ions

The double differential cross sections of neutron production from thin C, Al, Cu, and Pb targets bombarded by 135 MeV/nucleon He, C, and Ne ions and by 95 MeV/nucleon Ar ion were measured using the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Japan. The neutron energy spectra at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and 110\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} were obtained by using the time-of-flight method. The neutron spectra in the forward direction have a sharp peak that is located at the incident particle energy per nucleon due to the knockon process, and spreads out to about three times the incident particle energy per nucleon. The resultant spectra were integrated over energy to produce neutron angular distributions. The total neutron production cross sections were obtained by integrating over the angular distributions. The experimental results are compared with calculations using the intranuclear cascade-evaporation Monte Carlo code HIC and the quantum molecular dynamics code QMD.
The role of Big Data in the evolution of Platform based Ecosystems : A case study of an emerging platform-based ecosystem in the software engineering industry

Platform based ecosystems are becoming dominant models in the software engineering industry. ‘Big data’ has recently gained increased attention from both academia and practitioners and it is believed that big data affects every sector and industry. While an abundance of research focuses on big data and platform-based ecosystems, these two are typically approached as secluded spheres. This study aimed toward an investigation of big data’s role in the evolution of platform-based ecosystems in the software engineering industry. In the present thesis the influence of big data on the software engineering industry and more specifically, the impact of big data on the evolution of software ecosystems, is examined. A case study focused on a platform owner and pioneer in the software engineering industry has been conducted. This study identifies challenges and opportunities triggered by the advent of big data in context of platform-based ecosystems. Hence, considerable insight regarding the impact of big data on contemporary platform providers and the evolution of platform-centric ecosystems is gained. The findings illustrate that software ecosystems are affected by big data in a positive manner, but some identified challenges emerge and have to be tackled. Additionally, in this paper, it is suggested that both academia and practitioners should dig deeper into this relationship and identify how the evolution of platform-based ecosystems is impacted by the advent of big data.
Inter-linkages between liquidity and stock returns: An empirical investigation through panel cointegration

This study examines long term and short term inter-linkage between liquidity dimensions and equity returns in oil and gas sector of an emerging stock market for the time period 2009-2015.Conventional liquidity ratio and Amihud ratio are used to capture Price impact. Roll estimator is employed to quantify the effective spread and transaction cost aspect of liquidity. The depth of market is measured through volume and turnover rate. Pedroni cointegration, Granger causality and vector error correction model have been applied in panel data setting. The Pedroni cointegration analysis provides evidence about the existence of long term interaction between liquidity indicators and the equity returns. The VECM reports that liquidity influences equity returns in short run and speed of adjustment is high. Moreover, bi directional casualty is observed between liquidity and equity returns. The results suggest that local market liquidity is an important driver of expected returns. The study further implies that liquidity is vital for asset pricing. Average liquidity is priced and liquidity also predicts future returns. Moreover liquidity shocks are positively correlated with return shocks. Therefore, investors must be vigilant about liquidity trends while making investment decisions.
Local Climate Classification and Dublin's Urban Heat Island

A recent re-evaluation of urban heat island (UHI) studies has suggested that the urban effect may be expressed more meaningfully as a difference between Local Climate Zones (LCZ), defined as areas with characteristic dimensions of between one and several kilometers that have distinct effects on climate at both micro-and local-scales (city streets to neighborhoods), rather than adopting the traditional method of comparing urban and rural air temperatures. This paper reports on a UHI study in Dublin (Ireland) which maps the urban area into LCZ and uses these as a basis for carrying out a UHI study. The LCZ map for Dublin is derived using a widely available land use/cover map as a basis. A small network of in-situ stations is deployed into different LCZ across Dublin and additional mobile temperature traverses carried out to examine the thermal characteristics of LCZ following mixed weather during a 1 week period in August 2010. The results show LCZ with high impervious/building coverage were on average >4 °C warmer at night than LCZ with high pervious/vegetated coverage during conditions conducive to strong UHI development. The distinction in mean LCZ nocturnal temperature allows for the generation of a heat map across the entire urban area.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Reciprocity Relations during Covid-19

This research work opens an interpretative view on corporate social responsibility (CSR) during an unexpected emergency reality and latent environmental collapse as a strategy to survive. The investigation approach follows the lines of a field analysis survey based on 288 consumers before (n=80) and during the spread of Covid-19 (n=208). The study aims to provide paradigms and interpretations of evidence-based CSR as a balanced reciprocity relationship in coping emergencies; this necessarily moved the authors to investigate the relationship transversally, examining the role of budgeting and its repercussions on well-being by hierarchical leadership. Specifically, the authors investigate the existence of possible niches of actions based on cooperative and responsible operations during emergencies.
Contrasting effects of CO2 fertilization, land-use change and warming on seasonal amplitude of Northern Hemisphere CO2 exchange

Abstract. Continuous atmospheric CO2 monitoring data indicate an increase in the amplitude of seasonal CO2-cycle exchange (SCANBP) in northern high latitudes. The major drivers of enhanced SCANBP remain unclear and intensely debated, with land-use change, CO2 fertilization and warming being identified as likely contributors. We integrated CO2-flux data from two atmospheric inversions (consistent with atmospheric records) and from 11 state-of-the-art land-surface models (LSMs) to evaluate the relative importance of individual contributors to trends and drivers of the SCANBP of CO2 fluxes for 1980–2015. The LSMs generally reproduce the latitudinal increase in SCANBP trends within the inversions range. Inversions and LSMs attribute SCANBP increase to boreal Asia and Europe due to enhanced vegetation productivity (in LSMs) and point to contrasting effects of CO2 fertilization (positive) and warming (negative) on SCANBP. Our results do not support land-use change as a key contributor to the increase in SCANBP. The sensitivity of simulated microbial respiration to temperature in LSMs explained biases in SCANBP trends, which suggests that SCANBP could help to constrain model turnover times.
On the Time Scales of Optical Variability of AGN and the Shape of Their Optical Emission Line Profiles

The mechanism of the optical variability of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is still very puzzling. It is now widely accepted that the optical variability of AGN is stochastic, producing red noise-like light curves. In case they were to be periodic or quasi-periodic, one should expect that the time scales of optical AGN variability should relate to orbiting time scales of regions inside the accretion disks with temperatures mainly emitting the light in this wavelength range. Knowing the reverberation scales and masses of AGN, expected orbiting time scales are in the order of decades. Unfortunately, most of monitored AGN light curves are not long enough to investigate such time scales of periodicity. Here we investigate the AGN optical variability time scales and their possible connections with the broad emission line shapes.
The Porous Border Woven with Prejudices and Economic Interests. Polish Border Admission Practices in the Time of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely restricted global movement, thus affecting migration processes and immigrants themselves. The paper focuses on the evaluation of bordering procedures and practices introduced by the Polish government in the time of the pandemic. The aim is to highlight the duality in the admission processes at Polish borders between labour and forced migrants, which have been driven, as I argue, by economic interests and the xenophobic attitudes of the government. The paper is based on interviews with experts assisting migrants during the pandemic in Poland, whose direct contact with thousands of clients has allowed them to acquire broad knowledge of how the new legal provisions have affected different groups of immigrants. The data confirms that the Polish border is very porous. It has been almost completely closed to asylum seekers, especially those fleeing from Muslim countries, for whom the only option is to cross the border illegally. Only one exception was made for Belarusians, who were cordially welcomed at the border while escaping persecution in their home country in the wake of their protests against Lukashenko’s regime. Economic migrants, on the other hand, exist on the other side of the spectrum. For immigrant workers, borders have remained open throughout the whole pandemic. Moreover, some further measures facilitating their arrival were introduced, such as de facto lifting of quarantine for seasonal farm workers.
Primordial black holes formation from particle production during inflation

We study the possibility that particle production during inflation can source the required power spectrum for dark matter (DM) primordial black holes (PBH) formation. We consider the scalar and the gauge quanta production in inflation models, where in the latter case, we focus in two sectors: inflaton coupled i) directly and ii) gravitationally to a U(1) gauge field. We do not assume any specific potential for the inflaton field. Hence, in the gauge production case, in a model independent way we show that the non-production of DM PBHs puts stronger upper bound on the particle production parameter. Our analysis show that this bound is more stringent than the bounds from the bispectrum and the tensor-to-scalar ratio derived by gauge production in these models. In the scenario where the inflaton field coupled to a scalar field, we put an upper bound on the amplitude of the generated scalar power spectrum by non-production of PBHs. As a by-product we also show that the required scalar power spectrum for PBHs formation is lower when the density perturbations are non-Gaussian in comparison to the Gaussian density perturbations.
THE NEED FOR AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

Perspectives on the need for retailoring science education so that college graduates will be better prepared to make decisions about scientiCx, technological priorities and personal career options are presented in this paper. The values and problems associated with an interdisciplinary approach to science education are discussed and a new interdepartmental course entitled Science in a Cultural Context (SCC) is highlighted. Components of SCC include: (1) historical and modern views of scientific theory; (2) examples of theory formation from biology, chemistry, and physics; (3) science, technology, and society; and (4) the consequences of the nuclear arms race. A sampling of comparable courses from selected colleges are also identified. The benefits of a science and culture oriented program are outlined for non-science as well as science majors.
Supplementary material to "Aqueous system-level processes and prokaryote assemblages in the ferruginous and sulfate-rich bottom waters of a post-mining lake"

Abstract. In the aqueous oligotrophic ecosystem of a post-mining lake (Lake Medard, Czechia), reductive Fe(II) dissolution outpaces sulfide generation from microbial sulfate reduction (MSR), and ferruginous conditions occur without quantitative sulfate depletion. An isotopically constrained estimate of the rates of sulfate reduction (SRR) suggests that despite a high genetic potential, this respiration pathway is limited by the rather low amounts of metabolizable organic carbon. This points to substrate competition exerted by iron and nitrogen respiring prokaryotes. Yet, the microbial succession across the nitrogenous and ferruginous zones of the bottom water column also indicates sustained genetic potential for chemolithotrophic sulfur oxidation. Therefore, our isotopic SRR estimates could be rather portraying high rates of anoxic sulfide oxidation to sulfate, probably accompanied by microbially induced disproportionation of S intermediates. Near and at the anoxic sediment-water interface, vigorous sulfur cycling can be fuelled by ferric and manganic particulate matter and redeposited siderite stocks. Sulfur oxidation and disproportionation then appear to prevent substantial stabilization of iron monosulfides as pyrite but can enable the interstitial precipitation of small proportions of equant microcrystalline gypsum. This latter mineral isotopically fingerprints sulfur oxidation proceeding at near equilibrium with the ambient anoxic waters, whilst authigenic pyrite-sulfur displays a 38 to 27 ‰ isotopic offset from ambient sulfate, suggestive of incomplete MSR and likely reflective also of an open sulfur cycling system. Pyrite-sulfur fractionation decreases with increased reducible reactive iron in the sediment. In the absence of ferruginous coastal zones today, the current water column redox stratification in the post-mining Lake Medard has scientific value for (i) testing emerging hypotheses on how a few interlinked biogeochemical cycles operated in nearshore paleoenvironments during redox transitional states; and (ii) to acquire insight on how similar early diagenetic redox proxy signals developed in sediments affected by analogue transitional states in ancient water columns.
Detection of magnetic dipole lines of Fe XII in the ultraviolet spectrum of the dwarf star ε Eri

We report observations of the dwarf star e Eri (K2 V) made with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope. The high sensitivity of the STIS instrument has allowed us to detect the magnetic dipole transitions of Fe xii at 1242.00 and 1349.38 A for the first time in a star other than the Sun. The width of the stronger line at 1242.00 A has also been measured; such measurements are not possible for the permitted lines of Fe xii in the extreme-ultraviolet. To within the accuracy of the measurements, the N v and the Fe xii lines occur at their rest wavelengths. Electron densities and linewidths have been measured from other transition region lines. Together, these can be used to investigate the non-thermal energy flux in the lower and upper transition regions, which is useful in constraining possible heating processes. The Fe xii lines are also present in archival STIS spectra of other G/K-type dwarfs.
A Literature review on Design for Emotion

Design for emotion aims to improve human well-being. Design for emotion is a multi-disciplinary or interdisciplinary research field, including art, design, computer science, psychology, education, engineering, and other fields. In the last ten years, there has been an increasing focus on design for emotion in various areas. However, there is no comprehensive literature review to set up a design for emotion research framework. To address this gap, this paper presents a descriptive review of 66 related papers on this topic and then proposes a research framework for emotional design.
Insurance in Human Capital Models with Limited Enforcement

This paper develops a tractable human capital model with limited enforceability of contracts. The model economy is populated by a large number of long-lived, risk-averse households with homothetic preferences who can invest in risk-free physical capital and risky human capital. Households have access to a complete set of credit and insurance contracts, but their ability to use the available financial instruments is limited by the possibility of default (limited contract enforcement). We provide a convenient equilibrium characterization that facilitates the computation of recursive equilibria substantially. We use a calibrated version of the model with stochastically aging households divided into 9 age groups. Younger households have higher expected human capital returns than older households. According to the baseline calibration, for young households less than half of human capital risk is insured and the welfare losses due to the lack of insurance range from 3 percent of lifetime consumption (age 40) to 7 percent of lifetime consumption (age 23). Realistic variations in the model parameters have non-negligible effects on equilibrium insurance and welfare, but the result that young households are severely underinsured is robust to such variations.
Marknadsföring på Internet En studie om användarnas attityder i relation till Bloggar och Forum

The Internet has opened up new opportunities for companies to market and sell their products online. In the early days of internet marketing and still some of the more widely used methods are Pop-ups and Banners. Earlier research and academic studies have proven these methods of being perceived as irritating and more or less ignored. With this in mind, marketers have been searching to find new and alternative ways of marketing, in addition to the traditional methods. Eventually, when the trend of blogs and communities began growing, so did the companies interests towards them. Because of the new possible forms of marketing online, and due to the companies increasing effort of receiving better value regarding their advertisement budget, the purpose of this thesis is to examine if marketing on sites such as blogs and communities are more positively perceived upon among internet users. In some cases, this has been examined in relation to the more traditional means of online marketing. Furthermore, we examined whether or not the tailoring of advertisements had more effect on users, and if there were any differences in the general perception of blogand community advertisements among male and female consumers. The empirical data needed was gathered quantitatively through an online survey, based on the consumer point of view of this matter. As it became difficult to attain any response from users of internet blogs, the study became more focused on communities and forums. The survey was placed on three communities within current areas of interest; Home electronics, Sports and training, and Family life. Furthermore, a conceptualization was made out of the theoretical chapter, and was used for the analyzing of the data. The results indicate that a majority of the respondents are more positive towards advertisements on blogs and communities, as well as customized advertisements within these mediums. It was further found that these advertisements did not disrupt the surfer’s flow as much as traditional mediums. The findings also show that a majority of the respondents are aware of online advertisements in general, and just as many have developed a dislike towards them. However, the male respondents have a more positive view of advertisements on blogs and communities, than the female. The same finding appeared in regard to tailored ads; while male consumers consider these as more acceptable, the female respondents have an indifferent opinion. To the question of why advertisement on these mediums were more regarded upon, the most common response was due to these ads being considered as more related to their interests. Conclusively, tailored ads that are developed and placed in relation to the website and its content have a larger effect on internet users, than do random advertisements.