Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Four New Species of the Genus Amynthas Kinberg (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Korea

Four new species of Korean Amynthas are described from Mt. Palgong, Korea: A. palgongensis sp. nov., A. minjae sp. nov., A. pagyeiensis sp. nov., and A. paiki sp. nov. All materials were from collections gathered by Song between 1969 and 1971. The first 3 species have 3 pairs of spermathecae, and the last has 2 pairs of spermathecae. Descriptions of the new species are provided, including illustrations of the ventral view, male pore region, and spermathecae.
Caracterização da pesca e dos pescadores artesanais de camarões penaeidae em salina no município de Macau - Rio Grande do Norte

The Fishing for peneid shrimps/prawns in water catchments used as saltpans is fairly common in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. In this research, during the time of March until October in 2011were applied 40 semi-structured questionnaires to shrimpers who work at SALINOR, in Macau/RN. Were raised some important information through bibliographic review about the extraction of salt and oil activity in the mangroves and its surroundings. The artisanal peneid fishery occurs during the night, with more than 100 fishermen who work in pair using an artificial light. The annual average shrimp produced is 4kg of shrimp/night/casting net. However, during the shrimp crop, it used to be20kg of shrimp/night/casting net. One of the more common specie is Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (61%), being the Farfantepenaeus subtilis (24%) the second one. Furthermore, all those fishermen affirmed that they do not encourage their children and grandchildren to work as a fisherman or in this branch. Finally, it is recommended to continuing the process of artisanal fishery since its huge socioeconomic importance. Moreover, the saltpans work as a trap, so the prawns could not come back to the sea. Consequently, the prawns could not conclude their biological cycle.
Genetic diversity of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) cultivars in Burkina Faso resistant to Striga gesnerioides

The genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes used in breeding for resistance to Striga gesnerioides in Burkina Faso have been evaluated using simple sequence repeat(SSR) molecular markers. Sixteen primer combinations were used to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplify SSRs from 16 different cowpea genotypes yielding a total of 96 (76.3%) polymorphic bands ranging in size from 220 to 1018 bp. High coefficients of genetic similarity were obtained among Striga resistant varieties. Very few (~22%) primer combinations showed polymorphic bands capable of discriminating Striga-resistant from susceptible cultivars. The 16 Burkinabe cowpea cultivars examined clustered into three main groups, two formed by resistant phenotypes (Group I: Gorom and Wango and Group II: B301, IT82D-849, HTR, KVX 745-11P, KVX 61-1 and IT84S-2049) and one by a combination of resistant and susceptible cultivars (Group III). These data will be helpful in designing streamlined breeding strategies for cowpea improvement for Burkina Faso and specifically for the introgression of the Striga resistance trait into local farmer acceptable types. Key words: Cowpea, genetic diversity, germplasm, microsatellite, phylogenetic structure, simple sequence repeat.
8 Plant Growth Regulators in Plant Tissue Culture and Development

Plant growth and developmental processes, such as germination, stem elongation, leaf growth and development, flowering, fruit set, and fruit growth and ripening, are controlled by plant growth regulators (PGRs), commonly but incorrectly called “plant hormones. ” For general review of these processes, see recent plant biology textbooks (Mauseth, 1991; Raven et al., 1992; Salisbury and Ross, 1992; Taiz and Zeiger, 2002); more focused reviews of PGRs are contained in Davies (1995) and Arteca (1996). The interesting stories of PGR discovery are covered in these textbooks and here in Chapter 2. Study of PGR function can be complex because several PGRs typically work in concert with each other and their concentrations in the plant change with time, season, and developmental stage. Some PGRs are synthesized locally by cells for their own consumption, whereas others are synthesized in one organ and transported to other parts of the plant for a specific action, in which case their activity might be thought of as being similar to a plant “hormone. ” Those produced by the plant are referred to as endogenous PGRs. However, as described in this chapter, natural and synthetic versions of many PGRs have been identified and commonly are supplied to intact plants and tissue cultures; these are termed exogenous PGRs. 1614_C08. fm Page 87 Friday, June 18, 2004 10:18 AM
Prediction of Confidence Limits for Diacetyl Concentration during Beer Fermentation

A dynamic model for diacetyl production and reduction was developed based on experimental data from 14 laboratory-scale (15-L) lager beer fermentations carried out in various conditions of temperature (10–16°C), top pressure (50–850 mbar), initial yeast concentration (5–20 million cells per milliliter) and initial wort gravity (1,036–1,099 g/L). Uncertainties due to measurement errors, model parameters, and batch-to-batch variability were described in a probabilistic framework. The model predicts a probability distribution for the final diacetyl concentration from which a median value and an upper boundary, at a specified confidence level, are derived. It is demonstrated that in-line diacetyl measurements at early stages of fermentation greatly reduce the uncertainty about the final diacetyl level in each specific batch.
Oxidative bleaching enzymes: a review

Le blanchiment enzymatique a la xylanase se pratique dans plusieurs usines a travers le monde. Bien que cette technologie soit simple a utiliser, les economies de produits chimiques realisees au niveau des stades de blanchiment subsequents se limitent a un plafond de quelques 20%. En nous fondant sur notre comprehension du mecanisme des enzymes, il est fort peu possible, croyons-nous, que ce plafond soit depasse. L'addition de champignons ligninolytiques a la pâte kraft avant le blanchiment peut favoriser des economies de produits chimiques plus importantes, mais le processus de delignification fongique est lent, exigeant de facon generale plusieurs jours avant de produire un effet complet. Deux types d'enzymes oxydatives, la laccase et la peroxydase de manganese (MnP), sont produites durant le blanchiment de la pâte par le champignon Trametes versicolor, et peuvent partiellement delignifier la pâte kraft. Les enzymes sont efficaces durant un temps de reaction relativement court (entre 2 et 24 heures), mais, contrairement a la xylanase, des reactifs additionnels sont necessaires pour provoquer leurs cycles oxydatifs. Les laccases exigent une legere pression oxygenique et un electron porteur (appele mediateur) de faible poids moleculaire tandis que la MnP necessite un dosage de peroxyde d'hydrogene faible et controle, de meme que des ions de manganese (II) et un chelateur tel que l'oxalate ou le malonate. A l'encontre de la delignification conventionnelle a l'oxygene et du blanchissement au peroxyde, les deux enzymes agissent dans la plage de pH acide. L'utilisation commerciale des laccases n'exigera qu'une source peu couteuse d'enzymes et de mediateurs. Dans le cas du blanchiment au MnP, la sensibilite des enzymes au peroxyde d'hydrogene presente toujours une barriere technologique.
Influence of effective microorganisms and green manure on soil properties and productivity of pearl millet and alfalfa grown on sandy loam in Saudi Arabia

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of effective microorganisms and green manure on soil properties and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. ) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown on sandy loam soil under arid conditions at Agriculture Experimental Station of King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Hada Alsham, Saudi Arabia. Four treatments were investigated. In control (T1), the soil was only treated with the recommended dose of mineral fertilizers required for the cultivated crops. The second treatment (T2) was a diluted solution (1:1000) of effective microorganisms (EM1) sprayed on the soil surface. The third treatment (T3) was green manure added as soil mulch above the ground while the fourth treatment (T4) was mixture of EM1 and green manure together. Results indicated that, EM1 and green manure improved forage yield and soil properties. The best improvement in yield was found in T4 and T3 of alfalfa and pearl millet fields, respectively. These treatments resulted also in the great reduction in soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity, high water retention and soil organic matter. Total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and magnesium were also increased under these treatments. Little enhancement in physical and chemical properties of soil was pronounced in T2 treatment since the improvements were not significant compared with the control. The results suggested that using green manure alone or mixed with EM1 is a practical method to enhance soil properties and productivity of coarse texture soils under dry land conditions. Key words: Effective microorganisms, pearl millet, green manure, alfalfa
Assessment of AFLP-Based Genetic Variation in the Populations of Picea asperata

Summary Picea asperata Mast. , which occurs in a restricted habitat in western China, has a wide ecological amplitude. In the present study, ten natural populations of P. asperata were studied using AFLP markers to investigate the population genetic structure and the level of genetic diversity. Of the 210 loci identified with two EcoRI/MseI primer combinations, 142 loci were found to be polymorphic. Yet, the level of genetic diversity observed within populations was quite low. The averages of NEI’s gene diversities (h) and Shannon's indices of diversity (I) calculated across populations equaled 0.156 and 0.227, respectively. The coefficient of gene differentiation among populations, based on the estimate GST and the unbiased estimate Φst, equaled 0.340 and 0.231, respectively. The mean genetic distance (D) between population pairs was 0.119 (range 0.050-0.156). Such high values indicate that there is significant differentiation among populations of P. asperata. Several factors could have contributed to the strong population differentiation, including relatively limited gene flow between populations (Nm = 0.968). Variation in environmental conditions and consequent selection pressures may be other factors attributing to the high level of genetic differentiation among populations. In addition, it was discovered that the geographic distances are not correlated with the genetic distances between the populations of P. asperata.
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Caudal Scutes of Belize Morelet's Crocodiles (Crocodylus moreletii)

Abstract Historically, Belize has used large quantities of organochlorine (OC) pesticides for agriculture and disease-vector control, yet few tools exist for noninvasive assessment of OC contaminant loads in Belize wildlife. Crocodile caudal (tail) scutes are clipped as a marking technique in wildlife management programs and may also have utility as a minimally invasive, nonlethal technique to assess contaminant burden. We collected caudal scutes from 96 Morelet's Crocodiles in Belize over 2 yr to analyze scute tissues for OCs and to compare the observed OC concentrations among different scute tissue (fat, cartilage, and muscle) and among crocodiles of different age classes, sexes, and collection locations. Organochlorines of the DDT-type subclass were detected in 72 of 96 crocodiles, with methoxychlor detected in all 72 scutes containing OCs and p,p-DDE, p,p'-DDT, and p,p-DDD detected in 54, 47, and 20 scute samples, respectively. Organochlorines were more-frequently detected in scutes of adult crocodiles, but methoxychlor was occasionally observed in juveniles at concentrations two orders of magnitude higher than observed in adults, suggesting maternal offload of methoxychlor to offspring, greater exposure through juvenile habitat and diet, or both. Organochlorines were detected in crocodiles from all sampling locations with more frequent and higher concentrations observed in crocodiles from lagoon habitats than from river habitats. This study demonstrates that scutes can be used as a nonlethal indicator of OCs present in Morelet's Crocodiles, a finding which has applications for determining the trophic transfer of OC pesticides through tropical aquatic food webs and for estimating the continuing risk posed to crocodiles and other species by OC pesticides.
Effects of stocking density on growth and survival of Mystus gulio in nursery ponds

A study on the effect of stocking density on growth and survival of nona tengra (Mystus gulio) was carried out in brackishwater earthen nursery ponds (2 decimal each) for a period of 42 days. Five-day old captive bred tengra post-larvae (ABL: 4.53±0.83 mm and ABW:3.33 mg) were stocked at four different densities of 200/m² (Treatment-1), 250/m² (Treatment-2), 350/m² (Treatment-3) and 450/m² (Treatment-4). Fries were fed twice a day with a mixture of fine rice bran, mustard oil cake and fishmeal at the ratio of 2:1:1. The specific growth rate (SGR) of larvae did not vary significantly (p>0.05) between T1 (5.096% mg/day) and T2 (5.08% mg/day), but it was found significantly (p 0.05), but significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of, 76.20±4.77% in T3 and 70.34±5.71% in T4. The results indicate that 5-day old hatchery bred nona tengra post-larvae can be nursed in earthen pond at a stocking density of 200-250/m².
The inclusion of Acrophorus, Diacalpe, Nothoperanema, and Peranema in Dryopteris: The molecular phylogeny, systematics, and nomenclature of Dryopteris subg. Nothoperanema (Dryopteridaceae)

Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) is one of the largest fern genera containing about 300 or more species. Sixty-five accessions representing all four subgenera and all 19 sections of Dryopteris recognized in current classifications, more than two-thirds of the species of Acrophorus, Diacalpe, Nothoperanema, and Peranema, three species of Arachniodes, three species of Cyrtomium, one species of Phanerophlebia, and two species of Polystichum, were sampled as ingroup in this study. Two species of Polystichopsis were used as outgroups. DNA sequences of five plastid loci (psbA-trnH spacer, rbcL gene, rps4-trnS spacer, trnL intron, trnL-F spacer) were used to infer the phylogeny of Dryopteris and related genera. Our study clearly demonstrated that the currently defined Dryopteris is paraphyletic in relation to a clade containing the monophyletic Acrophorus, Diacalpe, Nothoperanema, and Peranema. Peranema is resolved as sister to the remaining three genera, followed by Nothoperanema which in turn is sister to the Acrophorus+Diacalpe clade, but this relationship received low support. Three out of the four subgenera of Dryopteris recognized in current classifications are not recovered as monophyletic. Dryopteris subg. Nothoperanema, well supported as monophyletic by molecular and morphological data, is resurrected and re-circumscribed to contain species of the currently accepted genera Acrophorus, Diacalpe, Nothoperanema, and Peranema. Twenty-seven species are recognized and classified into four sections based on molecular and morphological evidence. Included in this treatment are 25 new combinations, names, species, and statuses, and neotypification or lectotypification of 14 names. The present study further located and cited types of an additional 28 related names, many of which have been unknown to science. Keys to sections and species and distributional information are given and nomenclatural issues are discussed. This paper also synonymized and excluded 33 nomenclaturally confusing names of Dryopteris that were formerly assigned to Acrophorus or Diacalpe.
The effect of dietary lysozyme with EDTA on growth performance and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens in each period of the growth cycle

&NA; Lysozyme is a potential replacement for antibiotics in the poultry industry. Two trials were conducted using new or used litter to determine the effect of 100 ppm lysozyme in feed on growth performance and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens in each period of the growth cycle. The new litter trial and used litter trial were each analyzed as a one‐way analysis of variance with length of time in which 100 ppm lysozyme was fed to the birds as the main factor (no lysozyme d zero to 35; positive lysozyme d zero to 4; positive lysozyme d 5 to 14; positive lysozyme d 15 to 24; positive lysozyme d 25 to 35; positive lysozyme d zero to 35; positive virginiamycin d zero to 35). Effects of lysozyme were not detected under clean conditions (P > 0.05). When used litter was provided, growth performance was not improved by lysozyme (P > 0.05). However, feeding lysozyme to birds from d 5 to 14 and throughout the trial reduced the number of E. coli in the ileum compared with feeding virginiamycin (positive lysozyme d 5 to 14 and zero to 35, and virginiamycin d zero to 35: 1.7 × 104 cfu g−1, 1.9 × 104 cfu g−1 and 9.3 × 104 cfu g−1, respectively) to birds (P < 0.05). Dietary lysozyme at 100 ppm can change intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens.
Differential effect of woody plant canopies on species composition and diversity of ground vegetation a case study

We examined the effect of three woody plant canopies of contrasting characteristics on species composition and diversity of the ground vegetation. Understorey environment differed in terms of light intensity and soil factors between the three canopy types. NMS ordination, based on Importance Value Indices of the herbaceous species, resulted into three clusters corresponding to the three woody plant canopies. NMS axis-1 was related to light intensity and axis-2 was related to soil water holding capacity. Diversity parameters for the herbaceous vegetation, which were significantly different between canopy types, were also related to NMS axes. The canopy type exhibiting intermediate levels of light intensity, soil moisture and soil carbon, reflected the greatest herbaceous diversity. Mosaics of woody plant canopies can be used to maintain the diversity of ground vegetation in the Gangetic Plains.
Novel antitubulin agents uncover new players in microtubule regulation and cell division in cancer

ii List of Abbreviations . v List of Figures . vi List of Tables . vii Acknowledgments . 1 Preface . 3 Chapter 1: Introduction . 4 GBM: from histology to driver mutations . 4 Promising new targets for GBM treatment . 7 Cannabinoid compounds in GBM . 14 Chapter 2: Alkylindole compounds target microtubules . 20 Introduction . 20 Results . 21 Discussion . 31 Chapter 3: GPR124 coordinates microtubule dynamics in cancer cells . 34 Introduction . 34 Results . 36 Discussion . 49 Chapter 4: Conclusions & future directions . 54 Looking forward . 54 Chapter 5: Materials & methods . 57 Appendix . 71 References . 84
Vegetation characteristics in relation to different management regimes of calcareous grassland : A functional analysis using plant traits

Designation of management strategies for preservation of calcareous grasslands demands in-depth understanding of vegetation processes. For this purpose the functional approach using plant functional types and traits has been widely promoted. In this study we focused on the analysis of C-S-R established strategies and some simple plant traits to detect general trends in trait responses to abandonment on one side and to eutrophication on the other giving us a basis for future management strategies. Five treatments were applied to calcareous grassland in SW Slovenia representing different combinations of fertilization and grazing regimes. Effects of these two factors along with other environmental variables on species composition were evaluated. Trait composition of original low-intensity grazed vegetation showed importance of stress-tolerance (S component), relatively high abundance of small plants, chamaephytes, phalanx strategy and summer green plants. Abandonment increased abundance of grasses and suppressed forbs and legumes. C component, showing appearance of competitive exclusion, increased, resulting in increased average plant height. Fertilization promoted the abundance of therophytes and persistent green, mesophyllous plant species with guerrilla lateral spread. It also caused significant increase in abundance of species expressing ruder-ality (R component).
Nitrogen Source and Calcium Supplement Affect Stem Strength of Poinsettia

The effects of nitrate and NH4NO3 used alone or in combination with CaCl2 sprays were examined on self-branching poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) cul-tivars Annette Hegg Dark Red (AHDR) and Gutbier V-14 Glory (Glory) and the standard cultivar Eckespoint C-1 Red (C-1). Stem retention was increased in the AHDR and C-1 that received Ca(NO3)2 liquid fertilization. Calcium chloride sprays enhanced stem strength of C-1 when used in combination with ammonium fertilizer, but not when used with Ca(NO3)2. Calcium chloride foliar sprays did not improve stem strength of the self-branching cultivars with either of the N fertilizer formulations tested.
Morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis reveal a new species within the Ganoderma lucidum complex from South Africa

Ganoderma is a well-known genus of polypores because of its important medicinal properties. The genus is typified by G. lucidum , which represents a species complex. Ganoderma aridicola sp. nov. is proposed as a new member of the G. lucidum complex from South Africa based on the combination of morphological and molecular evidences. The new species is characterized by its fuscous to black pileal surface with distinct concentric zones and small pores; in addition, it was found in an environment with contrasted dry and humid seasons. Phylogenetically, sequences data from nuclear internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α) confirmed that G. aridicola is a new species within the G. lucidum complex.
Home Ranges and Habitat Selection by Black Bears in a Newly Colonized Population in Florida

Abstract Understanding how animals use space and resources in newly colonized, anthropogenically altered habitats is important for species management because animals in fragmented habitats may use the landscape differently than conspecifics in contiguous habitats. We collected GPS-location data for 16 individuals (6 females, ages 1–9 y; 10 males, ages 2–8 y) from the summer of 2011 to the summer of 2013 to study space and habitat use by a recently established population of Ursus americanus floridanus (Florida Black Bear) in a fragmented landscape of north-central Florida. Average (± 1 SE) female and male homerange sizes estimated using the kernel density method were 31.16 ± 8.23 km2 and 220.93 ± 28.48 km2, respectively. Average 95% minimum convex polygon estimates were 34.49 ± 12.76 km2 for females and 226.04 ± 45.32 km2 for males. Home ranges in our study area were generally larger than those reported for Black Bears inhabiting the nearby contiguous forested habitat of Ocala National Forest, indicating that fragmentation may influence home-range size. Compositional analysis and generalized linear mixed models revealed that Black Bears selected most strongly for riparian forests; urban areas were generally avoided. These results suggest that large carnivores that inhabit fragmented landscapes may require more space than conspecifics in habitats with better connectivity, and highlight the importance of riparian forests for Black Bears.