Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy Evaluation and Prediction of Single-Image Camera Calibration

This paper proposes an application to statistically predict the accuracy of single-image geometric camera calibration that uses given 2D-3D correspondences. Deriving both camera intrinsics and extrinsics from correspondences between a single image and a 3D shape, is important for the scene analysis when the optical system of the camera is lost, such as in the analyses of traffic accidents. It is unclear whether the single-image calibration will be successful in practice, particularly when the number of 2D-3D correspondences is small, even if we could assign accurate correspondences by manual labor. To this end, we perform a systematic evaluation of the camera parameter accuracy using synthetic environments. Based on the statistics observed during the experiments, our application predicts the calibration accuracy from simple variables (e.g., the area that correspondences could be given). Since the prediction process does not rely on 3D shapes, it provides an estimate of the success of the calibration before time-consuming processes, i.e., 3D scanning and 2D-3D correspondence mapping.
Aperture-synthesis imaging with the mid-infrared instrument MATISSE

MATISSE is the second-generation mid-IR interferometry instrument proposed for ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer. MATISSE will combine the beams of up to four UTs or ATs of the VLTI and will allow aperture-synthesis imaging in the L, M, and N bands with a resolution of a few milli-arcseconds. We report on detailed image reconstruction experiments with simulated MATISSE interferograms. Using model images as input for many of our simulations, we study the dependence of the reconstructions on the brightness and size of the target, the uv coverage, and several other parameters.
Safety Performance Evaluation of Flashing Yellow Arrow: Time-of-Day Versus 24-Hour Operation

The flashing yellow arrow (FYA), as the permissive left-turn indication, has been widely implemented to mitigate driving confusion caused by the permissive steady green indication. The selection of an appropriate FYA operation type, however, remains an open-ended question as few studies have evaluated the safety effectiveness of FYA under different operation types, that is, 24-hour, time-of-day (TOD), and switching from 24-hour to TOD. Moreover, since FYA has been typically used at intersections with a single left-turn lane, its safety effectiveness at intersections with dual left-turn lanes has not been well investigated. To bridge these gaps, this paper focuses on evaluating the safety effectiveness of FYA at intersections with varying numbers of left-turn lanes under different operation types and examining whether the FYA operation type switch affects safety performance. Empirical Bayes before/after studies are conducted for 24-hour, TOD, and switching from 24-hour to TOD FYA operation types using multivariate adaptive regression splines models in comparison with traditional negative binomial models. Safety performance functions are developed for different combinations of crash types and a different number of left-turn lanes. Results show that for intersections with either a single left-turn lane or dual left-turn lanes, 24-hour and TOD FYA operation types reduce crashes by 8.76% to 50%. However, intersections with dual left-turn lanes experience a 31.2% increase in total crashes when switching from 24-hour to TOD FYA operation type, while intersections with a single left-turn lane see a 60% decrease in rear-end crashes.
Work Criteria Function of Irreversible Heat Engines

The irreversible heat engine is reconsidered with a general heat transfer law. Three criteria known in the literature—power, power density, and efficient power—are redefined in terms of the work criteria function (WCF), a concept introduced in this study. The formulation enabled the suggestion and analysis of a unique criterion—the efficient power density (which accounts for the efficiency and power density). Practically speaking, the efficient power and the efficient power density could be defined on any order based on the WCF. The applicability of the WCF is illustrated for the Newtonian heat transfer law (n=1) and for the radiative law (n=4). The importance of WCF is twofold: it gives an explicit design and educational tool to analyze and to display graphically the different criteria side by side and thus helps in design process. Finally, the criteria were compared and some conclusions were drawn.
Care patterns and Traditional Chinese Medicine constitution as factors of depression and anxiety in patients with systemic sclerosis: A cross-sectional study during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective Care patterns and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution affects the emotion and health of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) while the prevalence of COVID-19 may aggravate such patients’ emotion and health. We investigated the depression and anxiety levels of patients with SSc during the pandemic to identify the correlation between care patterns, TCM constitution, and patients’ emotion. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study. Patients with SSc and healthy individuals were surveyed using the patient health questionnaire-9, generalized anxiety disorder-7, and constitution in Chinese medicine questionnaire and a modified care pattern questionnaire. Factors correlated with depression and anxiety were screened using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 273 patients with SSc and 111 healthy individuals were included in the analysis. The proportion of patients with SSc who were depressed was 74.36%, who had anxiety was 51.65%, and who experienced disease progression during the pandemic was 36.99%. The proportion of income reduction in the online group (56.19%) was higher than that in the hospital group (33.33%) (P = 0.001). Qi-deficiency [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.250] and Qi-stagnation (adjusted OR = 3.824) constitutions were significantly associated with depression. Remote work during the outbreak (adjusted OR = 1.920), decrease in income (adjusted OR = 3.556), and disease progression (P = 0.030) were associated with the occurrence of depression. Conclusion Chinese patients with SSc have a high prevalence of depression and anxiety. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the care patterns of Chinese patients with SSc, and work, income, disease progression, and change of medications were correlates of depression or anxiety in patients with SSc. Qi-stagnation and Qi-deficiency constitutions were associated with depression, and Qi-stagnation constitution was associated with anxiety in patients with SSc. Trial registration http://www.chictr. org.cn/showproj.aspx? proj=62301, identifier ChiCTR2000038796.
The infra-red and Raman spectra of ice

Summary This paper has reviewed all of the available work on the infra-red and Raman spectroscopy of hexagonal and cubic ice. It has been shown by the studies of Maisch (1956) and Ockman (1957) that it is not possible to obtain a unique solution to the structure problem of ice by measuring its polarized vibration spectrum. However, Maisch's observation of the constancy of the depolarization ratio across each of the bands in the hydrogen stretching region is a strong argument for a disordered structure. Satisfactory assignments have only been made for the three bands originating in the fundamental modes of the water molecule and for the six strong bands which can be correlated with the overtone and combination modes of the liquid and vapour spectra. An explicit characterization of the low frequency bands in terms of lattice motions must await a solution to the lattice-dynamical problem as well as a careful study of the low frequency, polarized spectra of single crystals. The solution to the dynamical probl.
Deciphering the Role of Melatonin-Related Signatures in Tumor Immunity and the Prognosis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Methods Adopting multiomics data from TCGA and other public datasets, we analysed the expression, mutation, and prognostic evaluation in multiple cancers. ccRCC patients were categorized into two subgroups by an unsupervised cluster algorithm: melatonin-pattern cancer subtype 1 (MPCS1) and subtype 2 (MPCS2). We then explored the immune microenvironment, immune therapy response, and tumor metabolic pathways between the two subtypes. The clinical characteristics, genomic mutation landscape, and molecular inhibitor response were further investigated. Finally, a melatonin regulator-related prognostic model was constructed to predict patient prognosis in ccRCC. Results We found that melatonin regulators were dysregulated depending on distinct cancer types, which were associated with genomic variation. The two subtypes indicated different clinical characteristics and biological processes in ccRCC. MPCS2, an aggressive subtype, led an advanced clinical stage and poorer survival of ccRCC patients. The activated oncogenic signaling pathway and metabolic signatures were responsible for cancer progression in the MPCS2 subtype. The MPCS2 subgroup suggested a higher tumor mutational burden and immune dysfunction state, resulting in a lower response to immunotherapy. The copy number variations of MPCS2 were significantly more frequent than those of MPCS1. In addition, the two subgroups exhibited distinct drug responsiveness, with MPCS2 being less responsive to multiple drugs. Finally, we established a subtype biomarker-based prognostic risk model that exhibited satisfactory performance in ccRCC patients. Conclusion Melatonin regulator-related features could remodel functional pathways and the tumor immune microenvironment through genomic mutations and pathway regulation. Melatonin regulator-associated molecular subtypes enhance the understanding of the molecular characteristics of renal cancer and can guide clinical treatment. Activating the melatonergic system axis may improve the effect of immunotherapy for ccRCC.
Evolution process of cross-hatch patterns and reduction of surface roughness in (InAs)m(GaAs)n strained short-period superlattices and InGaAs alloy layers grown on GaAs

We investigated the formation process of cross-hatch patterns (CHPs) and the lattice relaxation process in the growth of an (InAs)1(GaAs)4 strained short-period superlattice (SSPS) and an In0.2Ga0. 8As alloy layer on GaAs(100) substrates. By using x-ray diffraction and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, it was found that the lattice relaxation in the (InAs)1(GaAs)4SSPS proceeded as fast as that in the In0.2Ga0. 8As alloy layer. The surfaces of the grown layers showed CHPs, and the surface roughness increased by means of the evolution of the CHPs. The surface roughness of the SSPSs was larger than that of the alloy layers, whereas no apparent difference was observed in the lattice relaxation process between the SSPSs and the alloy layers. Additionally, the height of surface ridges parallel to the [011] direction was higher than that parallel to the [011] direction. We observed the distribution of highly strained InAs and GaAs islands on the surfaces of strained InGaAs layers by using an atomi.
Density dependence of the stress relaxation function of a simple fluid

We present accurate molecular dynamics calculations of the shear stress relaxation modulus of a simple atomic fluid over a wide range of densities. The high accuracy of the data enables us to study changes in the functional form of the shear relaxation modulus, and the properties that are derived from it, as the density is increased from the ideal gas limit to the upper limit of the fluid range. We show that the shear relaxation modulus of a dilute atomic fluid can be accurately described with a simple functional form consisting of a Gaussian plus a single exponential, whereas the dense fluid exhibits a more complicated relaxation function. The infinite-frequency shear modulus, the zero-shear viscosity, and the zero-shear first normal stress coefficient are calculated from the stress autocorrelation function. The ratio of the first normal stress coefficient to the viscosity is used to calculate the viscoelastic relaxation time. While the viscosity and the infinite-frequency shear modulus both increase monotonically with increasing density, the first normal stress coefficient and the viscoelastic relaxation time both decrease to a minimum at intermediate densities before increasing again. Our results for the viscosity and the first normal stress coefficient in the low-density limit both agree well with the predictions of kinetic theory.
Constrained sample discrimination with the studentized classification statistic w

In this paper we are concerned with allocating an observation on the basis of Anderson’s classification statistic W into one of two multivariate normal populations with unknown mean vectors and unknown common covariance matrix. In practice there is the problem of the choice of a suitable cut-off point for W when upper confidence bounds are imposed on one or both types of allocation errors. By using the Studentized form of W, it is shown that a cut-off point can be easily chosen such that the probability of one type of conditional error not exceeding a specified upper bound is approximately equal to any desired value. The case where both types of conditional errors are to be bounded with high probability is considered also.
Genome-Wide association analysis of phenotypic traits in Bambara groundnut under drought-stressed and non-stressed conditions based on DArTseq SNP

Introduction Bambara groundnut (BG) (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc) is an indigenous, resilient, but underutilized leguminous crop that occurs mostly as genetically heterogeneous landraces with limited information on the drought tolerant attributes. This study elucidates the associations between sequencing-based diversity array technology (DArTseq) and phenotypic character as well as differing indices related to drought tolerance in one hundred accessions of Bambara groundnut. Methods The field experiments were conducted at IITA research stations in Kano and Ibadan between 2016 and 2018 planting seasons. The experiments were arranged in randomised complete block design with three replications, under the different water regimes. The phenotypic traits evaluated was further to construct the dendrogram. Genome-wide association mapping was conducted based on 5927 DArTs loci with < 20% missing data. Results and Discussions The genome wide association study predicted drought tolerance in Bambara accessions for geometric mean productivity (GMP) and stress tolerance index (STI). TVSu-423 had the highest GMP and STI values (28.50, 2.40), while TVSu-2017 had the lowest at GMP (1.74) and STI (0.01) respectively. The relative water content (%) was significantly higher for accessions; TVSu-266 (60.35, 61.49), TVSu-2 (58.29, 53.94), and TVSu-411 (55.17, 58.92) in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, respectively. The phenotypic characters studied delineated the accessions into two major clusters and five distinct sub-clusters, indicating variations across all the geographical locations. The 5,927 DArTseq genomic markers in association with STI further grouped the 100 accessions into two main clusters. TVSu-1897 from Botswana (Southern Africa) was in the first cluster, while the remaining 99 accessions from Western, Central, and Eastern Africa made up the second cluster. The eight significant Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) (24346377|F|0-22:A>G-22:A>G, 24384105|F|0-56:A>G33 :A> G, 24385643|F|0-53:G>C-53:G>C, 24385696|F|0-43:A>G-43:A>G, 4177257|F|0-44:A>T-44:A>T, 4182070|F|0-66:G>A-66:G>A, 4183483|F|0-24:G>A-24:G>A, 4183904|F|0-11:C>T-11:C>T) identified with Bonferroni threshold was in association with STI, indicative of variations under the drought-stressed condition. The observation of consistent SNPs in the 2016 and 2017 planting seasons, as well as in combination with the 2016 and 2017 planting seasons, led to the designation of these QTLs as significant. The drought selected accessions could form basis for hybridization breeding. The identified quantitative trait loci could be useful in marker-assisted selection in drought molecular breeding programs.
Further evidence for M87's massive, dark halo.

X-ray data obtained with the Einstein Observatory imaging proportional counter (IPC), supported by data from other detectors aboard the Einstein Observatory and previous instruments, allow us to measure rather accurately the distribution of mass surrounding M87 at large radial distances that are inaccessible to optical study. The present work goes beyond a previous paper in that more data are incorporated in the analysis, and a considerable body of calibration data for the IPC's spectral response has been obtained from the observation of other objects. In addition, an essentially complete range of possible temperature profiles for the X-ray emitting gas is considered.
Structural differences among children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and abnormal Granger causality of the right pallidum and whole-brain

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood mental health disorder that often persists to adulthood and is characterized by inattentive, hyperactive, or impulsive behaviors. This study investigated structural and effective connectivity differences through voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and Granger causality analysis (GCA) across child, adolescent, and adult ADHD patients. Structural and functional MRI data consisting of 35 children (8.64 ± 0.81 years), 40 adolescents (14.11 ± 1.83 years), and 39 adults (31.59 ± 10.13 years) was obtained from New York University Child Study Center for the ADHD-200 and UCLA dataset. Structural differences in the bilateral pallidum, bilateral thalamus, bilateral insula, superior temporal cortex, and the right cerebellum were observed among the three ADHD groups. The right pallidum was positively correlated with disease severity. The right pallidum as a seed precedes and granger causes the right middle occipital cortex, bilateral fusiform, left postcentral gyrus, left paracentral lobule, left amygdala, and right cerebellum. Also, the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, left cerebellum, left putamen, left caudate, bilateral superior temporal pole, middle cingulate cortex, right precentral gyrus, and the left supplementary motor area demonstrated causal effects on the seed region. In general, this study showed the structural differences and the effective connectivity of the right pallidum amongst the three ADHD age groups. Our work also highlights the evidence of the frontal-striatal-cerebellar circuits in ADHD and provides new insights into the effective connectivity of the right pallidum and the pathophysiology of ADHD. Our results further demonstrated that GCA could effectively explore the interregional causal relationship between abnormal regions in ADHD.
Design of I-PD Controller Based Modified Smith Predictor for Processes With Inverse Response and Time Delay Using Equilibrium Optimizer

In the process control industry, it is arduous to control some integrating or unstable processes since they involve time delays and have an inverse response. Conventional controllers such as PID cannot provide sufficient control performance alone in the control of these systems. This article proposes a control algorithm based on an I-PD-based Smith predictor for the control of time-delayed integrating or unstable inverse processes. The controller parameters are tuned by using the Equilibrium optimizer (EO) algorithm, which is presented in the literature in 2020, in the proposed control approach. The EO algorithm aims to determine the optimal controller parameters by minimizing the error and control signal using a multi-objective function based on ITAE performance criterion. Thus, the controller parameters that will provide the set-point tracking and disturbance rejection control most properly can be determined. Simulation studies are conducted based on different process structures to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The proposed method is compared with studies from the literature in terms of set-point tracking, parameter uncertainties, control signals, and disturbance rejection. It is seen that the transient responses and disturbance rejection of the time-delayed and inverse response integrating or unstable processes are improved with the proposed method.
Phase Change Heat Transfer Simulation for Boiling Bubbles Arising from a Vapor Film by the VOSET Method

This article presents a numerical method directed towards the simulation of flows with changes of phase. The volume-of-fluid level set (VOSET) method, which is a new interface capturing method and combines the advantages of both volume-of-fluid (VOF) and level set methods, is used for interface tracking. A difficulty occurs for the problems studied here: the discontinuous velocity field due to the difference between mass-weighted velocity and volume weighted velocity caused by the phase change at the interface. In this article, some special treatment is made to overcome this difficulty. The VOSET method and the developed treatment for the difference between mass-weighted and volume-weighted velocities are adopted to simulate a one-dimensional Stefan problem, two-dimensional horizontal film boiling, and horizontal film boiling of water at near critical pressure. The predicted results in both Nusselt number and flow patterns are agreeable with experimental results available in the literature.
IFRS adoption and foreign direct investment in Sub-Saharan African countries: Does the levels of Adoption Matter?

Abstract This study makes an effort to determine how international financial reporting standards (IFRS) adoption levels affect net FDI inflows to sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries using a panel data spans from 2005 to 2020. The results of the two-step system’s generalized methods of moments (GMM) estimation reveal that while both partial and full adoption is found to be insignificant, the sign is negative for full IFRS adoption. However, a statistically significant and positive effect of the interaction between institutional attributes and full IFRS adoption has been discovered. Among other factors controlled, the most significant influencing FDI flows to Africa are found to be infrastructure, trade openness, and human capital. The empirical result is used to derive some policy implications.
A Theoretical Evaluation of the Relevance of Lognormal Distributions for the Moisture Flux and Wind Components

In this study the individual components of the horizontal moist wind are derived and expressed as a function of the horizontal pressure gradients. The drag on the large-scale horizontal wind by mesoscale diabatic activity is shown to be consistent with homogeneous Lagrangian solutions that asymptotically approach a lognormal distribution. The kinematic moisture flux components are also shown to contain homogeneous solutions that behave asymptotically as a lognormal distribution. These findings are considered relevant to the large number of observed occurrences of the lognormal distribution in cloud and rainfall statistics.
The Multiple Family Group Service Model for Disruptive Behavior Disorders: An Exploration of ADHD Symptoms as a Moderator of Outcomes

Abstract Children with DBDs experience increased academic and social challenges. The MFG service delivery model, for families of youth with DBDs, was developed. This current study seeks to examine how the presence of ADHD moderates the outcomes for families who go through the MFG intervention. This analysis included families who were enrolled in the MFG intervention. Children were grouped by ADHD severity to examine how symptom severity moderates various behavioral outcomes. Results showed that several outcomes were moderated by ADHD severity. These results indicate that ADHD severity can have an impact on certain treatment outcomes, both positively and negatively.