Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Organ Nutrigenomic Effects of Dietary Grapes in a Mouse Model

As a whole food, the potential health benefits of table grapes have been widely studied. Some individual constituents have garnered great attention, particularly resveratrol, but normal quantities in the diet are meniscal. On the other hand, the grape contains hundreds of compounds, many of which have antioxidant potential. Nonetheless, the achievement of serum or tissue concentrations of grape antioxidants sufficient to mediate a direct quenching effect is not likely, which supports the idea of biological responses being mediated by an indirect catalytic-type response. We demonstrate herein with Hsd:ICR (CD-1® Outbred, 18–24 g, 3–4 weeks old, female) mice that supplementation of a semi-synthetic diet with a grape surrogate, equivalent to the human consumption of 2.5 servings per day for 12 months, modulates gene expression in the liver, kidney, colon, and ovary. As might be expected when sampling changes in a pool of over 35,000 genes, there are numerous functional implications. Analysis of some specific differentially expressed genes suggests the potential of grape consumption to bolster metabolic detoxification and regulation of reactive oxygen species in the liver, cellular metabolism, and anti-inflammatory activity in the ovary and kidney. In the colon, the data suggest anti-inflammatory activity, suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction, and maintaining homeostasis. Pathway analysis reveals a combination of up- and down-regulation in the target tissues, primarily up-regulated in the kidney and down-regulated in the ovary. More broadly, based on these data, it seems logical to conclude that grape consumption leads to modulation of gene expression throughout the body, the consequence of which may help to explain the broad array of activities demonstrated in diverse tissues such as the brain, heart, eye, bladder, and colon. In addition, this work further supports the profound impact of nutrigenomics on mammalian phenotypic expression.
Hydraulic Conductivity Measurements in the Unsaturated Zone Using Improved Well Analyses

The flow of ponded water into and through the unsaturated zone depends on both the saturated and unsaturated components of the hydraulic conductivity. Recent studies indicate that the ratio of the saturated (Kfs) to the unsaturated (φm) components (Kfs/φm=α*) of flow lies within prescribed bounds for most field soils, i.e., 1m−1≤α*≤ 100 m−1. In addition, the fact that the calculation of Kfs and φm is not strongly dependent on the choice of α*, suggests that a site estimation of α* leads to reasonable “best estimates” of Kfs and φm when using the constant head well permeameter technique. As a consequence, measurement of the steady flow rate using only one ponded head may be all that is necessary for many practical applications. Multiple head measurements or independent measurements of α* or φm can be used, however, to give more accurate estimates of Kfs if required.
Analysis of Scour around a Group of Vertical Piles in the Field

A study of the scour around a group of piles in the field exposed to oscillatory waves was carried out. The main purpose was to derive simple predictive formulas for the geometric properties of the scour hole in terms of nondimensional parameters describing the flow, sediment, and pile characteristics. A comprehensive data set from the Pacific coast of Japan was employed where the beach profile along a pier experiencing scour around its piles was surveyed every week. Detailed wave measurements were available, and only the outer piles exposed to nonbreaking (oscillatory) waves were investigated. The maximum scour depth showed a distinct correlation with the Keulegan-Carpenter number, and an empirical relationship was derived that agreed with some earlier laboratory experiments, if an equivalent diameter was defined for the pile groups. The width of the scour hole displayed little correlation with the Keulegan-Carpenter or other nondimensional numbers employed, although it should be noted that only one pile configuration was investigated in the present study.
THE ABSENCE OF FOOD RESTRICTION PREVENTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVITY-BASED ANOREXIA IN RATS

The purpose was to study whether re-exposure to an activity wheel with and without food restriction could generate a recurrence of the ABA model in rats. This model consists of exposing a group of rats to an experimental box with access to an activity wheel 23 hours a day, food available one hour a day and water ad libitum. During the 7-day experimental period, the rats gradually increased their wheel activity level, consumed less food, and suffered dramatic body weight loss. When removed from these conditions, they return to their initial body weight and feeding pattern within five days. In this study, two groups of rats (experimental and control) were initially exposed to the typical ABA model procedure. After a recovery period, the control group was re-exposed to this model, while the experimental group was reexposed to the wheel but with food ad libitum. As a result, we found that control rats suffered from recurrence of the anorexic condition manifested in body weight loss, decreased food consumption, and increased activity. In contrast, the experimental group did not present these same levels, since this group did not increase its activity; their body weight did not decrease, although their food consumption did decrease. It was found that the ABA phenomenon requires the joint availability of the activity wheel and food restriction. These data suggest implications to consider for the study of relapse in human anorexic behaviors.
Parental Response to Early Human Capital Shocks: Evidence from the Chernobyl Accident

Little is known about the response behavior of parents whose children are exposed to an early-life shock. In this paper we interpret the prenatal exposure of the Austrian 1986 cohort to radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident as a negative human capital shock and examine their parents’ response behavior. To identify causal effects we can rely on exogenous variation in the exposure to radioactive fallout (over time and) between communities due to geographic differences in precipitation at the time of the accident. We find robust empirical evidence of compensating investment behavior by parents in response to the shock. Families with low socioeconomic status reduced their family size, while families with higher socioeconomic status responded with reduced maternal labor supply. Compensating investment made by the latter group seems relatively more effective because we do not find any detrimental long-term effects for exposed children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. In contrast, exposed children from low socioeconomic backgrounds have significantly worse labor market outcomes as young adults.
Mapping the Everglades.

The Center for Remote Sensing and Mapping Science at The University of Georgia and the South Florida Natural Resources Center, Everglades National Park, have developed a detailed vegetation database in geographic information system (GIS) format and 1:15,000-scale vegetation maps keyed to 80 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute topographic quadrangles covering Everglades National Park, Big Cypress National Preserve, Biscayne National Park, and the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge in south Florida, an area of over 10,000 km 2 , National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP) color-infrared (CIR) aerial photographs recorded in 1994/95 were the primary source material, supplemented by extensive GPS-assisted data collections from helicopter reconnaissance missions and field work. The ground control necessary to rectify the vegetation polygons and linear features extracted from the CIR photographs was obtained from geocoded SPOT panchromatic images of 10-m resolution and from USGS 1:24,000-scale topographic line maps. A detailed three-tiered, hierarchical vegetation classification system, the Everglades Vegetation Classification System, was developed specifically for the project. In addition to the vegetation database, a digital database and map products were constructed for off-road vehicle (ORV) trails in Big Cypress National Preserve. The length of trails in the 2,950-km 2 Preserve totaled over 47,900 km. The databases and maps, constructed through a combination of remote sensing, GIS, GPS, and field studies, provide Park and Preserve managers with detailed baseline information on the status of vegetation and ORV trails in 1995. It is anticipated that, with increased concern over environmental preservation, water demand and expansion of urban development, agricultural land utilization, and ORV use, the databases will prove valuable for a range of management and modeling tasks.
The Protective Effect of Omega-7 on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat Model

Omega-7 is a monounsaturated fatty acid that has a number of beneficial effects. Cisplatin, an effective antineoplastic agent is commonly used to treat solid tumors. Cisplatin΄s clinical use has been limited due to its nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity induced by Cisplatin is thought to be linked with increased formation of reactive oxygen species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant effect of omega 7 against Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. thirty male wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups with six rats in each group , group 1 rats received liquid paraffin solution orally for 7 consecutive days , group 2 rats received single intraperitoneal injection of Cisplatin (7.5 mg/ kg) , group 3 rats received omega-7 (50mg/ kg) orally for 7 consecutive days and then received Cisplatin single intraperitoneal injection (7.5mg/ kg) on day 8 , group 4 rats received omega-7 (100 mg/ kg) orally for 7 consecutive days and then received single intraperitoneal injection of Cisplatin (7.5mg/ kg) on day 8 , group 5 rats received omega 7 (100mg/ kg) orally for 7 consecutive days . on the ninth , all animals were sacrificed and tissue homogenates were used for the estimation of glutathione peroxidase-1(GPX-1), superoxide dismutase-1(SOD-1), reduced glutathione(GSH), catalase(CAT) and malondialdehyde(MDA). Treatment of rats with omega-7 showed significant (p < 0.05) elevation in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes (GPX-1, SOD-1, reduced GSH and CAT) and significant (p < 0.05) reduction of MDA level compared to Cisplatin (positive control) group.in conclusion, omega-7 has a protective effect against Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity maybe through its anti-oxidant activity.
Sustainable Valorization of Organic Materials as Substrates for Soilless Crops in Protected Environments in the Venezuelan Andes

Agricultural production activities generate a large amount of waste, most of which is of organic origin from plant remains. These residues could easily be transformed into a resource, specifically, into a substrate for use in soilless cultivation; however, in most cases, they are not used. Therefore, a characterization of local agricultural residues was carried out to determine their use as a substrate for crop cultivation without soil in a protected environment. The selected substrates were Sphagnum peat, coir fiber, and compost, which were managed alone or in mixtures of 50/50, 75/25, or 25/75% v/v ratios. We also included a mixture of virgin mountain soil and earthworm humus (known as INIA mixture) because it is used by local growers. The results showed that the substrates based on coir fiber, peat, and mixtures of both presented suitable characteristics for horticultural crops. On the contrary, compost-based substrates had high pH values and low organic matter contents that could be improved before use. The relationship found between the evaluated parameters of each substrate allowed us to establish that variables, such as the content of organic matter and water at different tensions and particle sizes, can be utilized to make a quick selection of the substrates produced locally, which would lead to the use of waste in a way that is more consistent with sustainable agricultural production and minimal environmental impact, by being used in the production of crops in containers without soil. In addition, these results can be used as an alternative reference in localities where these residues are easily available.
A geomagnetic paleointensity stack between 0.8 and 3.0 Ma from equatorial Pacific sediment cores

We have conducted a paleomagnetic study of six sediment cores taken from the equatorial Pacific, three from the West Caroline Basin and three from the Manihiki Plateau, in order to make a relative paleointensity stack during the Matuyama and late Gauss Chrons. The age of the bottom of the cores ranges from 1.2 to 3.0 Ma. The sediments show little downcore changes in the proxies of magnetic grain size and mineralogy and are hence suitable for estimating relative paleointensity. The age of the cores is controlled by correlating variations in magnetic concentration (magnetic susceptibility and/or anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM)) to target oxygen‐isotope (δ18O) curves. All cores from the Manihiki Plateau show an upward decrease of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) intensity normalized by ARM and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) with a decrease in sedimentation rate. Such a trend was removed before being converted to relative paleointensity. This observation implies that a sedimentation‐rate change can affect relative paleointensity estimation. Relative paleointensity records from the six cores coincide well with each other within uncertainty of age. We constructed a stacked curve between 0.8 and 3.0 Ma (the equatorial Pacific paleointensity stack EPAPIS‐3Ma) after adjusting age; the number of cores stacked is three to four throughout the record. Quasiperiodic paleointensity lows occur in the EPAPIS‐3Ma, and corresponding paleointensity lows can be found in previously published records with some shifts in age. At least, parts of the paleointensity minima seem to be accompanied by geomagnetic excursions. The “asymmetric sawtooth pattern” of paleointensity variations is not observed at the Matuyama‐Gauss boundary and thereafter in our record. A spectral analysis shows that ∼100 kyr orbital eccentricity frequency may exist in paleointensity variations during the Matuyama and late Gauss Chrons.
THE IRON AGE AND ROMANO-BRITISH PERIODS IN WEST YORKSHIRE

This document is one of a series designed to enable our stakeholders and all those affected by our advice and recommendations to understand the basis on which we have taken a particular view in specific cases. It is also a means by which others can check that our recommendations are justifiable in terms of the current understanding of West Yorkshire’s Historic Environment, and are being consistently applied.
Advances in Biomedical Applications of Solution Blow Spinning

In recent years, Solution Blow Spinning (SBS) has emerged as a new technology for the production of polymeric, nanocomposite, and ceramic materials in the form of nano and microfibers, with similar features to those achieved by other procedures. The advantages of SBS over other spinning methods are the fast generation of fibers and the simplicity of the experimental setup that opens up the possibility of their on-site production. While producing a large number of nanofibers in a short time is a crucial factor in large-scale manufacturing, in situ generation, for example, in the form of sprayable, multifunctional dressings, capable of releasing embedded active agents on wounded tissue, or their use in operating rooms to prevent hemostasis during surgical interventions, open a wide range of possibilities. The interest in this spinning technology is evident from the growing number of patents issued and articles published over the last few years. Our focus in this review is on the biomedicine-oriented applications of SBS for the production of nanofibers based on the collection of the most relevant scientific papers published to date. Drug delivery, 3D culturing, regenerative medicine, and fabrication of biosensors are some of the areas in which SBS has been explored, most frequently at the proof-of-concept level. The promising results obtained demonstrate the potential of this technology in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.
Determination of the surface and bed topography at Dome C, East Antarctica

The reeent Green land experiences, GRIP and GISP2 (Hodge a nd others, 1990; H empel and Thyssen, 1993;J acobel and Hodge, 1995), have confirmed the importance of surface topog raphy, bed morphology and internal layer geometry in the selection of the best site for a deep drilling project. The ideal drill site wou ld be marked, at the same time, by a Oa t surface at the regional summit ( topographic dome), by a Oa t bed morphology, by continuous and horizonta l inte rna l layering a nd by absence of basal melting a reas. This correspondence describe the topographic and radar meas urements that were carried out in 1993 and 1995 over Dome C region, East Antarctica, as part of the site selection process for the deep drilling project EPICA (European Proj ect for Ice Coring in Anta rctica) Dome C Uouzel and others, 1996). The fi rst detailed topographic map at Dome C (contour interva l 5 m ), obtained by radar a ltimetry from the European remote-sensing satellite ERS-l, was provided by F. Remy (Brisse t and Remy, 1996). A topographic dome roughl y centred a t 75°09' S, 123°06' E was evident; this positi on is abo ut 65 km south of the old Dome C location (Drewry, 1983) corresponding to the U.s.A. D ome C camp. Because of the rclati" e inadequacy of ERS-l data in respect of the acc u racy needed for d ri Il-site location, it was decided to carry out a ground-based topographic survey in order to obtain a new topographic map over the dome a rea. Prev ious radar data (Bentley and others, 1979; Drewry, 1983; unpubli shed data from Scott Polar Resea reh Institute (SPRI )), concerning a 50 km x 50 km grid close to the old U.s.A. camp, on the northern side of the topog raphic dome, were acquired and analyzed. The data ev idenced: (a ) ice thickness of30004000 m; (b ) a very complex bed morphology; (c) continuous internal layering with a featureless lower zone of hundreds of metres; (d) three subg laciallakes, 32003400 m deep from surface, located about 20 km north of the dome summit. Because of the partia l coverage of the dome a rea, a nd the inadequacy of the pas t radar data in respect of nav igation system and grid spacing, it was decided to ca rr y out a new airborne and ground-based radar survey in order to obta in new detailed information.
Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Outcomes of COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis and Other Opportunistic Fungal Infections

Introduction: An epidemic of opportunistic fungal infections during the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic badly affected India in 2021. Several unknown, unique factors played a role in its causation and survival outcomes, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The purpose of this study was to analyse the probable underlying risk factors and to know immediate and late outcomes of opportunistic fungal infections in the unique setting of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, clinical records of COVID-19-associated opportunistic fungal infections were reviewed for risk factors, clinical features, microbiological and pathological findings, and outcomes during a one-year follow-up at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Northern India. Results: A total of 390 patients were admitted with symptoms and clinical signs consistent with the criteria for the diagnosis of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM). Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity (74%). During the management of SARS-CoV-2, 192 (49%) patients received corticosteroids, 151 (39%) were on oxygen support, and 143 (37%) used at-home steam inhalation. Masks of any type were used by 236 (60.5%) patients, of whom most used cloth masks (n=147, 37.6%). Microbiologically, fungal growth was positive in 138 (35.3%) samples; of these, 74 (19%) had non-Mucorales fungal colonies. The fungal infection invaded structures beyond the paranasal sinuses in 60% of the cases. The overall mortality in this cohort after one-year follow-up was 40.25%. Conclusions: An alignment of several predisposing conditions precipitated an epidemic of opportunistic fungal infections during the COVID-19 pandemic that resulted in high mortality in affected patients.
Implementing lifetime performance index of products with two-parameter exponential distribution

The manufacturing industry has prioritised enhancing the quality, lifetime and conforming rate of products. Process capability indices (PCIs) are used to measure process potential and performance. The process capability is evaluated with product survival time and a longer lifetime implies a better process capability and a higher reliability. In order to save experimental time and cost, a censored sample arises in practice. In the case of product possessing a two-parameter exponential distribution, this study constructs a uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator (UMVUE) of the lifetime performance index based on the type II right-censored sample. Then the UMVUE of the lifetime performance index is utilised to develop the new hypothesis testing procedure in the condition of known lower specification limit. Finally, two practical examples are illustrated to employ the testing procedure to determine whether the product is reliable.
Ammonia Volatilization in a Semi—Arid Rangeland in Inner Mongolia

Abstract: Gaseous N losses via ammonia (NH3) volatilization were measured during the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons in a long—term (17 years) experiment with five grazing intensities (0.00, 1.33, 2.67, 4.00 and 5.33 sheep ha -1). We aim to understand the seasonal variations in ammonia production, the potential carry—over effects of previous grazing and the underlying regulating processes involved. It was found that rates of NH3 volatilization varied seasonally, ranging from 0.88 to 3.52 g N ha-1d-1 during the measurement period, with higher values in spring and early summer and lower values in late summer and autumn. Soil pH value, NH-N concentration, moisture and bulk density exerted controls on NH3 volatilization over the two growing seasons. However, the constraining effect of bulk density on NH3 flux, driven by grazing, muted the supporting effect of above other three environmental factors. Even though no statistically significant effects of different grazing intensities on rates of NH3 volatilization were generally found, grazed treatments tended to result in relatively higher cumulative NH3 volatilization, and relatively lower soil N content, plant growth and productivity. It indicates that restoration of the degraded grazed grassland may be slower in comparison with the ungrazed grassland. The study on NH3 volatilization in grassland ecosystem is meaningful in terms of its contribution to advancing our understanding of the role of N loss in limiting grassland processes and to drawing up grazing guideline and fertilizing regime for utilizing the resources rationally.