Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpreting the yield of transit surveys: are there groups in the known transiting planets population?

Context. Each transiting planet discovered is characterized by 7 measurable quantities, that may or may not be linked. This includes those relative to the planet (mass, radius, orbital period, and equilibrium temperature) and those relative to the star (mass, radius, effective temperature, and metallicity). Correlations between planet mass and period, surface gravity and period, planet radius and star temperature have been previously observed among the 31 known transiting giant planets. Two classes of planets have been previously identified based on their Safronov number. Aims. We use the CoRoTlux transit surveys to compare simulated events to the sample of discovered planets and test the statistical significance of these correlations. Using a model proved to be able to match the yield of OGLE transit survey, we generate a large sample of simulated detections, in which we can statistically test the different trends observed in the small sample of known transiting planets. Methods. We first generate a stellar field with planetary companions based on radial velocity discoveries, use a planetary evolution model assuming a variable fraction of heavy elements to compute the characteristics of transit events, then apply a detection criterion that includes both statistical and red noise sources. We compare the yield of our simulated survey with the ensemble of 31 well-characterized giant transiting planets, using different statistical tools, including a multivariate logistic analysis to assess whether the simulated distribution matches the known transiting planets. Results. Our results satisfactorily match the distribution of known transiting planet characteristics. Our multivariate analysis shows that our simulated sample and observations are consistent to 76%. The mass vs. period correlation for giant planets first observed with radial velocity holds with transiting planets. The correlation between surface gravity and period can be explained as the combined effect of the mass vs. period lower limit and by the decreasing transit probability and detection efficiency for longer periods and higher surface gravity. Our model also naturally explains other trends, like the correlation between planetary radius and stellar effective temperature. Finally, we are also able to reproduce the previously observed apparent bimodal distribution of planetary Safronov numbers in 10% of our simulated cases, although our model predicts a continuous distribution. This shows that the evidence for the existence of two groups of planets with different intrinsic properties is not statistically significant.
Can intra-operative methylprednisolone application be effective for post-operative pain, nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations?

Background/Aim: Post-operative nausea, vomiting (PONV), and pain are common symptoms after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) that is performed under general anesthesia. These symptoms lead to prolongation of post-operative recovery and hospital stay. In this study, the efficacy of intra-operative methylprednisolone (MP) administration on post-operative pain and PONV was investigated in patients undergoing LC under general anesthesia. Methods: This study was conducted at Uşak University Faculty of Medicine Hospital. Patients who underwent LC under general anesthesia between 01.11. 2018 and 01.06. 2019 were evaluated using the prospective cohort method. While intra-operative MP was administered to one group of patients who underwent LC (MP group), MP was not administered to the second group (non-MP). The pain was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) while PONV was evaluated with the Verbal Descriptive Scale (VDS in patients at post-operative hours 0, 1, 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24. On the first post-operative day, patient satisfaction was assessed. Results: The study cohort consisted of 76 patients. The VAS was used to measure post-operative pain, and it was discovered that the MP group had significantly reduced VAS values at post-operative hours 0, 1, 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 (P < 0.001). In the VDS evaluation, no difference between the two groups only at post-operative hour 12 (P = 0.52) was found, while the VDS value was found to be lower in the MP group than in the non-MP group at post-operative hours 0, 1, 2, 6, 18, and 24 (P ˂ 0.001). The mean total analgesic use at post-operative hour 48 was 69.08 (26.91) mg in the MP group and 96.71 (42.38) mg in the non-MP group. The difference was statistically significant (P ˂ 0.001). Conclusion: PONV and discomfort incidence decreased after intra-operative MPadministration. The decrease in these symptoms was positively reflected in post-operativepatient satisfaction.
Trapping behavior of Shockley-Read-Hall recombination centers in silicon solar cells

We investigate the correlation between increased apparent carrier lifetime in photoconductance-based lifetime measurements and actually reduced recombination lifetime as measured by photoluminescence measurements. These findings are further reconfirmed by I-V curve measurements of solar cells. In particular, we show experimental results for lifetime samples and solar cells with and without hydrogen passivation. In the samples and solar cells without hydrogen passivation, we find both a stronger trapping behavior and a lower recombination lifetime. Our model provides a consistent description of the observation of both, the increased apparent lifetime from carrier trapping and the decreasing recombination lifetime. In our model, both are caused by a single physical mechanism; i.e., by Recombination-Active-Trap (RAT) states. Upon fitting the experimental lifetime data, we find that the RAT-defect parameters for the hydrogen-passivated and non-hydrogen-passivated lifetime samples and solar cells are identical.
On the properties of turbulence intermittency in the boundary of the TEXTOR tokamak

Intermittent convective transport has been investigated in the edge and the scrape-off layer (SOL) of TEXTOR using Langmuir probe signals. The probability distribution function (PDF) of the density fluctuations and the turbulence-induced flux are all positively skewed, while a Gaussian shape is recorded for the negative fluctuations. The deviation of the signals from Gaussian statistics clearly increases from the plasma edge to the SOL. Conditional averaging reveals that in the SOL region the waveform of intermittent structures is asymmetric in time and the burst events move radially outwards with Eθ × BT/B2 velocities of ∼ 450 m s−1. It is found that the large burst fluctuations (⩾2.5 × rms) account for nearly 40% of the total transport in the SOL. Statistics of the waiting-time between successive bursts indicate that the PDF of the time interval follows a Poisson-distribution for small-duration events (selected by size ⩽2.5 × rms) and changes into a power-law form for larger ones. Moreover, the intermittency density fluctuation data clearly show self-similar characters and long-range time correlations through the presence of (1) sandpile-like frequency spectra and existence of the f−1 region; (2) a long tail in the autocorrelation function and (3) Hurst exponents H > 0.5 from R/S analysis, suggesting a possible role of avalanche-like transport in the turbulence intermittency.
Imagination Versus Telepresence: Consumer Patronage Intention Toward Peer-to-Peer Accommodations in Photo-Enhanced Imaginative Conditions and Virtual Reality Contexts

The use of information and communication technology, such as virtual reality (VR) and photo-enhanced imaginative condition (PIC), in the online previews of peer-to-peer accommodations at the pre-reservation stage has become a common phenomenon. However, previous research has not systematically compared the impact of these two preview modes on accommodation reservations or the psychological mechanism and moderators of the impact. We combined duality theories and the technology-enabled engagement process model to establish that a VR/PIC preview enhances consumers’ appraisal and their intention to patronize P2P accommodations through cognitive and affective engagement. Furthermore, the VR/PIC preview’s effect on patronage intention was found to be influenced by the motivation for consumer reservation: consumers form a positive appraisal when the target accommodation type (comfortable vs. economical) matches the preview mode (PIC vs. VR). Finally, the message appeal emphasis (informational vs. emotional) of advertising was found to moderate the effect of the VR/PIC preview.
Integrated data analysis in the presence of emigration and mark loss

Integrated data analyses are becoming increasingly common in studies of wild animal populations where two or more separate sources of data contain information about common parameters. These types of analyses provide robust parameter estimates which fully reflect all available information, as well as estimates of parameters that would be unidentifiable in a separate analysis. In this article we present an integrated Bayesian analysis of four long-term datasets (counts, two mark-recapture-recovery time series, and productivity) relating to a colony of common guillemots (Uria aalge) on the Isle of May, southeast Scotland. A complication when considering the dynamics of populations of this kind is the unobservable emigration of immature animals. In the analysis of mark-recapture-recovery data, the rate of emigration is frequently confounded with that of mark loss and it is only possible to estimate the product of these parameters. By combining all available data for the Isle of May guillemots in an integrated population model, we are able to estimate these parameters separately and thus obtain improved estimates of prerecruitment emigration.
Partial unmixing as a tool for single surface class detection and time series analysis

In this paper we present the results of time series analysis for a coal mining region based on partial unmixing. We test the method also known as mixture tuned matched filtering on an eight image Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+ time series covering the period from 1987 to 2003. Common change detection methods often include the comparison of two interactively generated classification results, such as derived from Maximum Likelihood classification. These approaches often yield highly accurate results. However, disadvantages include a strong analyst bias and hardly repeatable results. For a quantitative monitoring of a single surface class' development over time they are often not recommendable. Our goal was to test an unbiased quantitative way to assess the development of coal surfaces, such as outcropping coal seams, coal storage piles, coal waste piles, and coal washery discard, within multiple date satellite imagery. Partial unmixing approaches were developed to detect one or few target materials surrounded by—or mixed with—an unknown background material. The main advantage is that only the spectral characteristics of the material of interest must be known, and the desired material can furthermore occur with subpixel coverage. Crisp pixel classificators like maximum likelihood on the other hand require knowledge of all classes. They can only map materials which dominate a pixel. Linear unmixing procedures such as partial unmixing require a thorough radiometric pre‐processing of data. Furthermore, the accuracy and representativity of selected input spectra must be granted. In this paper we demonstrate that partial unmixing is a powerful method to detect and extract single landcover classes of interest relatively fast and unbiased. The subpixel fraction percentages should be interpreted in a relative way only. We furthermore show that partial unmixing represents a standardized method for time series analyses and allows for a quantitative assessment of the temporal development of an area. Challenges lie in the validation of partial unmixing results, which we realized through thresholding of unmixing results and accuracy assessment with ground truth polygons mapped in situ. Furthermore, we performed an indirect comparison with results of a multi‐endmember unmixing.
UNIVERSAL SCALING BEHAVIOR OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM PHASE TRANSITIONS

Non-equilibrium critical phenomena have attracted a lot of research interest in the recent decades. Similar to equilibrium critical phenomena, the concept of universality remains the major tool to order the great variety of non-equilibrium phase transitions systematically. All systems belonging to a given universality class share the same set of critical exponents, and certain scaling functions become identical near the critical point. It is known that the scaling functions vary more widely between different universality classes than the exponents. Thus, universal scaling functions offer a sensitive and accurate test for a system's universality class. On the other hand, universal scaling functions demonstrate the robustness of a given universality class impressively. Unfortunately, most studies focus on the determination of the critical exponents, neglecting the universal scaling functions. In this work a particular class of non-equilibrium critical phenomena is considered, the so-called absorbing phase transitions. Absorbing phase transitions are expected to occur in physical, chemical as well as biological systems, and a detailed introduction is presented. The universal scaling behavior of two different universality classes is analyzed in detail, namely the directed percolation and the Manna universality class. Especially, directed percolation is the most common universality class of absorbing phase transitions. The presented picture gallery of universal scaling functions includes steady state, dynamical as well as finite size scaling functions. In particular, the effect of an external field conjugated to the order parameter is investigated. Incorporating the conjugated field, it is possible to determine the equation of state, the susceptibility, and to perform a modified finite-size scaling analysis appropriate for absorbing phase transitions. Focusing on these equations, the obtained results can be applied to other non-equilibrium continuous phase transitions observed in numerical simulations or experiments. Thus, we think that the presented picture gallery of universal scaling functions is valuable for future work. Additionally to the manifestation of universality classes, universal scaling functions are useful in order to check renormalization group results quantitatively. Since the renormalization group theory is the basis of our understanding of critical phenomena, it is of fundamental interest to examine the accuracy of the obtained results. Due to the continuing improvement of computer hardware, accurate numerical data have become available, resulting in a fruitful interplay between numerical investigations and renormalization group analyzes.
Long-term Findings in Bullous Sarcoidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Pulmonary sarcoidosis may occasionally present with large bullae, but the clinical implications of this finding remain unclear. We herein report the complete clinical course of a case of pulmonary bullous sarcoidosis. Chest computed tomography initially showed subpleural and peribronchovascular lung opacities, and bullae spontaneously developed in adjacent less-affected regions, probably via a retraction mechanism. Bullae progression was refractory to corticosteroid treatment and associated with deterioration of respiratory symptoms. The later phase involved repeated bacterial and fungal infections of the bullous lungs, eventually causing respiratory failure and mortality. Postmortem examinations revealed aggressive pulmonary Mycobacterium avium infection and diffuse alveolar damage.
Hypersonic Boundary-Layer Transition: Application to High-Speed Vehicle Design

This paper reports the boundary-layer transition characteristics of airbreathing hypersonic configurations and their impact on design environments. It discusses the evolution of the National Aerospace Plane configuration from an axisymmetric baseline to a wedgelike configuration where the transition mechanism is dominated by “natural” transition. Thenatural transition is characteristic of the “quiet” environment in freeflight of smooth slender vehicles. This type of transition mechanism gradually evolves spatially in different modes that can be computed analytically and verified experimentally. The paper discusses the effect of leading-edge bluntness, surface wall temperature, and adverse pressure gradient in compression ramp on transition. The effect of freestream Mach number, Reynolds number, and angle of attack are also studied over the range of peak aerodynamic heating conditions of the National Aerospace Plane environment. The transition behavior was investigated using e-type calculations based on a linear stability code known as the eMalik code.
Mathematical problem-solving ability: The effect of numbered head together (NHT) model and mathematical prior knowledge

This study aimed to determine the effect of the NHT (Numbered Head Together) cooperative learning model on mathematical problem-solving abilities in terms of students' mathematical prior knowledge. The researchers employed quasi-experimental research and collected the mathematical problem-solving data using a description test. At the same time, the researchers investigated students’ mathematical prior knowledge using the mid-semester examination (UTS) scores. The hypothesis was tested using the two-way ANOVA with unequal cells. The results showed that the NHT learning model provided better problem-solving skills than the direct learning model. The category of students' prior knowledge also affected their mathematical problem-solving abilities. Therefore, teachers should pay attention to the prior knowledge possessed by students so that an appropriate learning model can be selected.
Mesoscale Gravity Waves in Moist Baroclinic Jet–Front Systems

AbstractA series of cloud-permitting simulations with the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF) are performed to study the characteristics and source mechanisms of mesoscale gravity waves in moist baroclinic jet–front systems with varying degrees of convective instability. These idealized experiments are initialized with the same baroclinic jet but with different initial moisture content, which produce different life cycles of moist baroclinic waves, to investigate the relative roles of moist processes and baroclinicity in the generation and propagation of mesoscale gravity waves. The dry experiment with no moisture or convection simulates gravity waves that are consistent with past modeling studies. An experiment with a small amount of moisture produces similar baroclinic life cycles to the dry experiment but with the introduction of weak convective instability. Subsequent initiation of convection, although weak, may considerably amplify the gravity waves that are propagating away from the upper-leve.
Heterogeneity among migrants, education–occupation mismatch and returns to education

ABSTRACT Using nationally representative data for India, this paper examines the incidence of education–occupation mismatch (EOM) and returns to education and EOM for internal migrants while considering the heterogeneity among them. In particular, it considers heterogeneity arising because of the reason to migrate, demographic characteristics, spatial factors, migration experience and type of migration. The analysis reveals that there is variation in the incidence and returns to EOM depending on the reason to migrate, demographic characteristics and spatial factors. The study highlights the need of focusing on EOM to increase the productivity benefits of migration. It also provides the framework for minimizing migrants’ likelihood of being mismatched while maximizing their returns to education.
Improved local well-posedness for quasilinear wave equations in dimension three

We improve recent results of H. Bahouri and J.-Y. Chemin and of D. Tataru concerning local well-posedness theory for quasilinear wave equations. Our approach is based on the proof of the Strichartz estimates using a combination of geometric methods and harmonic analysis. The geometric component relies on and takes advantage of thenonlinearstructure of the equation.
Dynamic Characteristics and Dynamic Instability of Magnetorheological Material-based Adaptive Beams

The theoretical model of a simply supported magnetorheological material-based adaptive beam under an axial harmonic load is modified based on the DiTaranto sandwich beam theory for a symmetric three-layer beam. A differential equation for extensional motion of a freely vibrating beam is derived. This study considers an axially forced vibration of asymmetric magnetorheological material-based beam and derives a sixth-order equation for transverse motion. The derived governing equation of motion is then simplified using Galerkin’s method to yield the Mathieu equation. The formulae for buckling load, natural frequency, and loss factor of a simply supported adaptive beam are developed. Numerical results demonstrated from the formulae are highly consistent with the published results. The incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method is utilized to study the regions of dynamic instability, which are demonstrated graphically. The dynamic responses of the adaptive beam are assessed via the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The effects of magnetic field, core thickness ratio and beam length on the buckling load, natural frequency, loss factor, and dynamic instability are also presented. The influence of the static load parameter factor on natural frequency, loss factor, and dynamic instability is considered.
Blockchain-Enabled Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme for Mobile Vehicles-Assisted Precision Agricultural IoT Networks

Precision farming has a positive potential in the agricultural industry regarding water conservation, increased productivity, better development of rural areas, and increased income. Blockchain technology is a better alternative for storing and sharing farm data as it is reliable, transparent, immutable, and decentralized. Remote monitoring of an agricultural field requires security systems to ensure that any sensitive information is exchanged only among authenticated entities in the network. To this end, we design an efficient blockchain-enabled authenticated key agreement scheme for mobile vehicles-assisted precision agricultural Internet of Things (IoT) networks called <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$AgroMobiBlock$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The limited existing work on authentication in agricultural networks shows passive usage of blockchains with very high costs. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$AgroMobiBlock$ </tex-math></inline-formula> proposes a novel idea using the elliptic curve operations on an active hybrid blockchain over mobile farming vehicles with low computation and communication costs. Formal and informal security analysis along with the formal security verification using the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) software tool have shown the robustness of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$AgroMobiBlock$ </tex-math></inline-formula> against man-in-the-middle, impersonation, replay, physical capture, and ephemeral secret leakage attacks among other potential attacks. The blockchain-based simulation on large-scale nodes shows the computational time for an increase in the network and block sizes. Moreover, the real-time testbed experiments have been performed to show the practical usefulness of the proposed scheme.