Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context-dependent outcome expectation contributes to experience-based
 risky choice

Previous research has demonstrated systematic discrepancies between description- and experience-based risky choices. This description-experience gap has been attributed to several factors such as reliance on small samples and differential probability weighting patterns. Because context-dependent outcome expectation regarding safe options might influence experience-based risky choices, it constitutes another potential contributor to the gap. Using a free-sampling paradigm and risky options with rare outcomes that were either attractive or unattractive relative to the frequent ones, two experiments examined the existence and impact of such outcome expectation in experience-based risky choices. Both experiments had two information conditions: hint information meant to eliminate outcome expectation was provided in one condition but not the other. Experiment 1, which indicated the numbers of possible outcomes regarding both safe and risky options under the hint condition, revealed different choice behaviors regarding risky-safe trials between the two information conditions, no matter whether the rare outcome of the risky option in such a trial (i.e., the local context) was attractive or unattractive. However, this result provided only indirect evidence for the role of outcome expectation because it was unclear whether the hint information affected only the outcome expectation and thus evaluation of safe options or the evaluations of both safe and risky ones. With refined hint information arguably removing potential impacts on the evaluation of risky options, Experiment 2 showed that expectation of a non-existent rare outcome of safe options did contribute to experience-based risky choices. In addition, it appeared that the rare outcomes of the risky options in other decision problems presented in the same experiment (i.e., the global context) also affected outcome expectation. Future research could investigate how the interaction between local and global contexts determines outcome expectation to deepen our understanding of its contribution to experience-based risky choice and the description-experience gap.
OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR CONFINED MASONRY BUILDINGS

ABSTRACT Confined masonry is a construction technique widely used in seismic regions of Latin America and Asia for low-rise and medium-rise buildings up to six stories. Experience obtained from past earthquakes and experimental results indicate that confined masonry, if properly built, exhibits an adequate seismic response. For this reason, the Confined Masonry Network (www.confinedmasonry.org), under the auspices of several international organizations, promotes the use of confined masonry as an alternative for both unreinforced masonry and RC frame construction. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part briefly describes the structural response of confined masonry, considering that the proper modeling of this system requires complete understanding of the structural behavior. The second part presents an overview of different numerical and analytical modeling techniques currently used to examine confined masonry systems. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach are presented with designers and researchers in mind. Modeling approaches presented include simplified techniques, macro modeling, such as strut-and-tie, and micro modeling using detailed refined numerical methods. A case study is used to compare and contrast the different techniques discussed. A single confined masonry wall tested in-plane is used as a benchmark. Emphasis is placed on the ability of a technique to match pre- and post-peak behavior, including energy dissipation capacity. Results indicate that both macro and micro modeling approaches successfully capture the overall performance of confined masonry. The macro model underestimated the total dissipated energy by roughly half, however, while the micro model was within 10% of the specimen performance. The speed and ease of use make the macro model approach an ideal choice for designers and researchers alike, while those requiring a more detailed analysis or special design can find success with micro modeling.
Learning the locomotion behaviour of lizards transfers across environments

Successful locomotion is essential for the survival of most animals and crucial for arboreal species. In this paper, we analyze the locomotor behaviour of a species of lizard, Anolis carolinensis , from the perspective of transfer learning. By analyz-ing the limb movements of 4 individuals on 6 different surfaces ( 3 inclinations × 2 perch diam-eters), we show that the strategies employed to improve stability during locomotion on narrow perches can be transferred across environments with different inclines. This transfer of behaviour is analogous to phenotypic plasticity, which likely plays a key role in the rapid adaptive evolution characteristic of Anolis lizards. This novel result emphasizes the valuable contribution that modern machine learning perspectives can give to the study of comparative biomechanics.
A review on the role of buckwheat in the management of hypertension

Buckwheat (BW) is a gluten-free pseudo cereal that belongs to the Polygonaceae family. BW grain is a highly nutritional food component that has been shown to provide a wide range of beneficial effects. Main effects of buckwheat on human health are its anti-hypertensive, hypoglycaemic, hypocholesterolemic, neuroprotective and antioxidant effects. Thus, it is considered an alternative food component in dietary treatment for chronic and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and celiac disease. Also, its rich nutrient content supports daily diet and provides a better eating profile. As a result, buckwheat is accepted as a functional food, suggested to improve human health and is used in the treatment of diseases. Buckwheat is rich in anti-hypertensive compounds is a potential antihypertensive food, and a significant number of reports concerning its blood pressure lowering (BPL) effects have been reported. In the present study, reports of in vitro studies, preclinical and clinical trials dealing with the antihypertensive effect of buckwheat. There are numerous reports of potential health benefits of consuming buckwheat, which may be in the form of food, dietary supplements, home remedies or possibly pharmaceutical drugs. It is a good source of many vitamins and minerals and has balanced nutritional value. Because of its nutrient content and many positive effects on human health, buckwheat has become a functional food, recently. The aim of this review is to explain some positive effects of buckwheat on human health for managing the hypertension. The literature also indicates that buckwheat is safe to consume and may have various beneficial effects on human health.
THE RE-AWAKENING OF THE WORSHIP AND VENERATION OF A MISINTERPRETED DEITY EKWENSU AMID THRIVING CHRISTIANITY IN OBOLLO, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

The worship and veneration of ekwensu deity is normally a yearly ritual among Obollo people of the northern Igbo sphere. Formally the intrusion of Christianity in Obollo made the deity to become infamous as against how it was extolled in the primordial culture of the Obollo people. Succinctly there became a sudden re-awakening of the worship and veneration of this deity which formally suffered extinction amid thriving Christianity in the area. It is this sudden re-awakening of the people’s culture amid Christian dominated group such as Obollo that this work is out to investigate. Many Christians of Obollo extraction claim that the deity ekwensu, in their understanding, is the same with the Christian devil or satan and should not be reckoned with. Those who embrace these views are mainly Christians. Even among academics of religion, one can still observe this deportment. The study adopted the phenomenological research approach and made use of descriptive research design which also involved the use of data from primary and secondary sources, in its method of data analysis. The study reveals that ekwensu, represents a deity in Obollo and it is not the biblical devil, it reveals the worship and veneration of the deity among the people, among other things it reveals the spots where ekwensu was worshiped during onwa-assa festival and masquerade and forest dedicated to ekwensu. It is also evident that Christianity had somewhat a tremendous impact on the people’s culture which formally engendered the extinction of ekwensu deity.
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Measures of Frailty in Malaysia: A Scoping Review

This scoping review aimed to map out the empirical evidence on the prevalence, associated risk factors, and measures of frailty among older people in Malaysia. This scoping review is guided by the methodological framework suggested by Arksey and O’Malley. Literature searches were conducted on academic journals published from 2010 to 2020 (Malaysian studies only). Ten studies were included in this review from 1778 papers screened from the electronic databases. Frailty prevalence was found in the range of 5.7% to 56.5%, whereas pre-frailty was 57.9% to 72.8%. Associated risk factors of frailty can be categorized into body impairments, activity limitations, and personal factors. The most commonly used measure is based on Fried’s Phenotype Model, however, the procedure for each criterion varied. The findings of the scoping review highlighted the gaps regarding the risk factors and inconsistencies in the measure of frailty.
ISSN: 2595-6825

The Q fever is a zoonotic disease neglected in many countries all over the world. This zoonosis is caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii, a pathogen that presents stability and environmental resistance with high capacity to cause human infection, which could be fatal. This literature review study aims to describe the general aspects of Q fever, presenting the main cases occurred in Brazil and discussing ways to avoid this zoonosis negligence and underreporting in Brazil. The Q fever is still a disease unknown by the larger part of healthcare professionals in Brazil. In addition, the disease in humans presents a clinical picture similar to that of other acute feverish diseases. Therefore, cases of Q fever cannot be diagnosed and their treatment can be Brazilian Journal of Health Review ISSN: 2595-6825 5451 Brazilian Journal of Health Review, Curitiba, v. 5, n. 2, p. 5450-5465, mar./apr., 2022. erroneous, which can increase the chances of chronic Q fever occurrence. The inclusion of Q fever as a disease of mandatory notification in humans and the utilization of the "One Health" approach are essential for the confrontation of the disease. Moreover, measures for the control, investigation, and prevention of Q fever will contribute to avoid the occurrence of outbreaks and possible worsening resulting from this zoonosis.
When Vaccine Uncertainty Prevails: Association Between Online Social Influence and COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions

Guided by the integrative model of behavioral prediction and the social identity of deindividuation effects model, this study used an online experiment ( N = 322) to test a moderated-mediation model that linked exposure to user comments posted to COVID-19 vaccine news stories and vaccine intentions. The study was conducted in Vietnam when the Delta variant of COVID-19 spread to the country and the efficacy and side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine were controversial in the news. Results showed that, compared with vaccine-hesitancy comments, vaccine-acceptance comments significantly increased vaccine intentions through injunctive norms, response efficacy, and attitudes. This indirect association was only significant among participants who perceived commenters as ingroup members. Compared with vaccine-hesitancy comments, a mixture of comments that featured both acceptance and hesitancy significantly increased perceived norms, perceived efficacy, and attitudes. Further, comments significantly changed participants’ perceived norms, perceived efficacy, and attitudes compared with the news stories. Theoretical and practical implications are presented. perceived norms, efficacy, and while considering the moderating role of social identification. Our study was conducted in Vietnam when the Delta variant spread to the country and mixed information about vaccine efficacy and side effects was widely circulated in the media. Thus, data of this study reflected a snapshot of a critical turning point of the pandemic. Our interpretations of the results should therefore be considered within this particular time frame.
THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT FACTOR AS A MEDIATING ON THE TRANSFER OF TRAINING AMONG GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS IN THE STATE OF QATAR

: This study investigates the factors that significantly affect the transfer of training among government organizations in the state of Qatar. Although millions are spent annually on training, there are evidences that show that the rate and level of transferring training to workplace is low. Therefore this study came to investigate the impact of the leadership style on transfer of training, and the role of social support as a mediating factor. To achieve the objective of this study, a quantitative approach was applied on a random sample of 381 employees from 4500 employees who work for the government agencies in Qatar. The questionnaire was composed of four parts, the demographics, transfer of training into work place (8 items), transactional and transformational leadership styles (18 items based on MLQ of Bass and Avolio) and finally social support (8 items) and supervisor support (7 items). These items have been input into the (PCA) analysis. Eight items have been input into the (PCA) analysis, where Analysis using advanced techniques by AMOS and other software was conducted. The results showed that Transactional leadership style and Transformational leadership style has low direct impact on the transfer of training, whereas the indirect effect of leadership style on the transfer of training into the work place was much higher due to the mediation of the social support.
ESTROGEN DISRUPTION OF HYPOTHALAMIC NEURAL ACTIVITY

The brain is highly dependent on the endocrine system for proper neurodevelopment, as it plays a key role in many biological processes. Bisphenol A is a chemical found in plastics that has the potential to mimic the effects of Estrogen in the body, at least weakly. People interact with plastic that contains BPA regularly, and people are at risk for exposure even before being born. The abundance of BPA, along with other exogenous estrogens, makes examining the relationship between early exposure and changes in brain activity imperative. The current study aims to establish a relationship between disrupted estrogen function and brain activity. Because estrogen receptors are abundantly found in several hypothalamic nuclei, the goal is to specifically examine whether BPA exposure leads to hyperactivity in the hypothalamus, behavioral hyperactivity, and to investigate the impacts on aromatase activity.
THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF LICENTIATE OF ENGINEERING Integrated design and construction for bridges: key aspects and benefits

The rate of productivity and innovation capacity within the Swedish construction industry of today is perceived to lead to a poor return of investment within infrastructures. Bridges, are commonly designed for a long service-life, and all stages after realization is greatly dependent on and constrained by decisions made during design and construction of the structure. To design for ease of construction is something that is always demanded by contractors and a challenge for the designers. It is widely known that the ability to influence a structure and its future properties is at its greatest in early stages, i.e. the project preparation phase followed by the design phase. Even though there is an obvious need for knowledge of construction in design work, there is a lack of a consistent and structured transmission of experience between the construction and the designing engineers. Different approaches that are used today to generate productivity improvements in the construction industry are presented, evaluated and compared. The results sheds light to the common features of the approaches and that they necessarily don’t exclude each other. Life-cycle considerations, established team approach and identify critical design variables are common denominators. The outcome of a construction project is therefore in most cases dependent on the individual skills to collaborate and communicate. A framework was established to identify areas of improvement to reach effectiveness within Swedish bridge design teams. The construction sectors are assessed and generates a common view regarding the collaboration and communication in the prevailing way of work. This the gives an indication of where to address the main efforts. Overall, the greatest potential for improvement were found at the project team level. The contribution from this thesis provides with further knowledge to develop the contemporary approach in design and construction of bridges.
Flow Cytometric Analysis for Ploidy and DNA Content of Banana Variants Induced By Gamma Irradiation

: Nuclear DNA content of mutated banana plants was determined by using flow cytometric techniques. It is a powerful tool for large scale screening of ploidy levels. Nuclei were isolated from young leaves from (banana mutants & Glycine plants) supplemented with Propidium- iodide (PI) and RNAse. "Glycine max" used as internal reference standard for identifying the nuclear DNA content by FCM. For ploidy estimation DAPI was used. The results showed differences in DNA content between variants indicating the effect of gamma-irradiation on the genotype of these plants. Variants of short plant stature or stunted growth showed great differences in DNA content compared to control (non-irradiated). The phenotypic variations observed at high doses were likely due to changes in the DNA sequences at the chromosomal level. Nuclear DNA contents decreased with an increase of gamma-dose from 20 Gy to 60 Gy. However, there were no significant differences between DNA content at 20 Gy and 30 Gy and also between 40 Gy and 60 Gy, while they were differed significantly from the control. The results showed no significant differences in ploidy level between all samples used (3n); while all selected mutants (variants) showed differences in DNA content.
Examining Employability as Associated with IC3, MOS, and ACA Certifications

Forrier and Sels (2003) define employability as “an individual’s chance of a job on the internal and/or external labor market” (p. 106) and is important (Wittekind, Raeder, & Grote, 2010). Possessing an industry certification may be considered an example of human capital skill. The human capital theory suggests qualifications, knowledge, skills, and experience of individuals may lead to increased earnings or productivity (Becker, 1993; Rosen, 1987; Schultz, 1971). As such, the human capital theory provides a framework for studying perceived employability (Wittekind, Raeder, & Grote, 2010; Verhaar & Smulders, 1999) as associated with IC 3 , MOS, and ACA industry certifications. Randall and Zirkle (2005) suggested that entry-level certification is promoted as a “vehicle to provide students with viable skills needed by the workforce, to satisfy state skill standards, and to prepare students for postsecondary studies” (p. 287). Beyond intrinsic pride in one’s accomplishment and praise received from classroom teachers, there is a need to make the connection for how industry certification relates to employability. Therefore, gaining a better understanding of how achieving industry certification relates to employability opportunities in Arkansas will provide certification candidates with more concrete answers to possible essential questions such as “why should I be certified” and “how am I going to use this certification. ” The purpose of this study was to investigate how achieving IC 3 , MOS, and ACA industry certification relates to employability opportunities in Arkansas as perceived by human resource (HR) and information technology (IT) professionals. To narrow the gap in the knowledge regarding employability implications for certification holders in the state of Arkansas, a convenience sample of HR and IT professionals was used. Participation was voluntary. Instrumentation was based upon CompTIA’s (2011) Employer Perceptions of IT Training and Certification. CompTIA is the Computing Technology Industry Association; a non-profit trade association. Research questions addressed familiarity with IC 3 , MOS, and ACA certifications, perceptions regarding preference for candidates possessing certification, compensation for certification credentials, and value placed upon certification credentials.
The effect of e-store website quality in terms of consumer rights on the reliability and respon-siveness of the e-customer

E-consumer rights aim to provide consumers and sellers a fair opportunity when dealing online, which requires both parties to know their rights and ethics. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify the impact of consumer rights available on reputed online store websites in Saudi Arabia (KSA) on the customer service, using expectation confirmation theory (ECT). A random sampling technique was used for primary data collection from a sample size of 152 faculty members. IBM Software Package for Social Sciences SPSS-26 and structural equation modeling (SEM) LISREL software programs were used for data analysis. The findings show that e-consumer rights have positive and significant effects on customers’ e-reliability and e-responsiveness. In addition, consumers’ income significantly influences their e-responsiveness, while the number of e-dealings per month significantly influences both e-reliability and e-responsiveness. The results of the study also provide an inventory of eight reasons why consumers prefer to deal with local electronic stores over foreign ones. Based on these findings, theoretical importance, practical implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
A numerical algorithm for zero counting. IV: An adaptive speedup

In this paper, we provide an adaptive version of the algorithm for counting real roots of real polynomial systems of Cucker, Krick, Malajovich and Wschebor. We show that, unlike the original algorithm, the adaptive version runs in ﬁnite expected time, while preserving the good properties of the original: numerically stable, highly parallelizable and good probabilistic run-time. Moreover, our probabilistic complexity analysis will be robust not limiting itself to KSS random polynomial systems
IMPROVEMENT OF THERMAL COMFORT INSIDE A MOSQUE BUILDING

A combined natural ventilation and mechanical fans are commonly used to cool the interior space inside the mosques in Malaysia. This article presents a study on thermal comfort in the Al-Jawahir Mosque, located in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The objective is to assess the thermal comfort inside the mosque under the present ventilation system by determining the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and the Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD). These values were then compared to the limits stated in the ASHRAE Standard-55. It was found that the PMV varies from 1.68 to 2.26 while the PPD varies from 61% to 87%. These show that the condition inside the mosque is quite warm. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to carry out flow simulations, to identify a suitable strategy to improve the thermal comfort inside the mosque. Results of CFD simulations show that installing four exhaust fans above the windows on the west-side wall of the mosque is the most effective strategy to improve the thermal comfort inside the mosque. Both the PMV and PPD values can potentially be reduced by more than 60%.