Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological study of fatal head injury in road traffic accident in Varanasi district

The present study comprises of 150 fatal head injuries cases in road traffic accident brought for medicolegal autopsy in the Department of Forensic Medicine, IMS, BHU at Varanasi during the period from 1stAugust 2015 to 31 July 2016. It was observed that maximum number of victim were in the age group of 21-30 years followed by 31-40 years. Males predominated over females in a ratio of 5.25:1 and most of the road traffic accidents happened to occur in rural areas. Majority of fatal head injury cases occurred during rainy season (40.66%) with peak incidence in the month of September. Labourer class is most commonly involved in fatal road traffic accidents and most of accident took place during evening hours. Most of the victims of fatal head injury died in hospital (52%) with maximum survival period of 24 hours to one week in 35% cases.
The Frequency and Distribution of ABO Blood Groups in Patients with Haematological Cancers in Uyo, Nigeria: A Hospital Based Retrospective Study

Background: The pattern and distribution of haematological malignancies vary depending on age, sex and geographical location. Studies on the association between haematological cancers and ABO blood types have been largely conflicting. Aim: To determine the frequency and distribution of ABO blood groups among a cohort of patients with haematological cancers. Original Research Article Ino-Ekanem et al.; IBRR, 8(3): 1-8, 2018; Article no.IBRR. 42665 2 Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study involving the review of records of patients with various haematological cancers, their demographic characteristics and ABO blood group distribution over a 5 year period. Results: The record of 132 patients with haematological malignancies over a 5 year period were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 47.93 ± 17.9 years. The peak age incidence for the various haematological cancer was the fourth and fifth decades of life. The male to female sex ratio was 2:1. NHL was the commonest haematological cancer among the patients. Majority of the patients were of the O-blood type, the different blood group distribution among the patients was statistically not different from that of the general population. Also, there was no significant association between haematological cancers and ABO blood type of the patients. Conclusion: The distribution, age and sex ratio of haematological malignancies in our study was comparable to those reported by other authors with NHL being the most common haematological cancer in our environment. Majority of the patients were of the O-blood type, comparable to the general population. There was no significant association between haematological cancers and ABO blood type of the patients.
A survey on urinary tract infection associated with two most common uropathogenic bacteria

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by the uropathogens – Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among outpatients attending a hospital in Benin and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of both isolates. Mid-stream urine samples were collected from 96 patients, analysed microscopically and streaked on the surface of prepared plates of blood and MacConkey Agar. Isolates resulting from incubated plates were identified by standard microbiological techniques. Susceptibility testing was done using the disk diffusion technique on Mueller Hinton Agar. The prevalence of UTI was 22.9%. It was significantly more prevalent in females (30.6%) than males (8.8%) (p < 0.05) and in age group 31 – 40 years (45.5%). Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated and more prevalent (14.6%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.2%). High level resistance (100%) to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin and ceftazidime was observed among the isolates. The active drugs against the bacteria were nitrofurantoin, ofloxacin and imipenem. Routine diagnostic procedure/screening is necessary to avoid complications. Keywords : Infection, prevalence, resistance, uropathogens.
Evaluation of four new studies on the potential toxicity of titanium dioxide used as a food additive (E 171)

Abstract The European Commission requested EFSA to carry out a scientific evaluation on four studies on the potential toxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) used as a food additive (E 171) and to indicate whether they would merit re‐opening the existing opinion of EFSA on the safety of TiO2 (E 171) as a food additive. The results of the Bettini et al. (2017) study did not provide enough justification for a new carcinogenicity study, but, should additional useful mechanistic information become available, this could be reconsidered in future. The new in vitro findings in the Proquin et al. (2017) study did not modify the conclusion on the genotoxicity of TiO2 as stated in the previous EFSA opinion of 2016 on the safety of TiO2 (E 171) as a food additive. The effects of engineered TiO2 nanoparticles reported by the Guo et al. (2017) study were of uncertain biological significance and therefore of limited relevance for the risk assessment of the food additive TiO2 (E 171). There was significant uncertainty in the risk assessment performed by Heringa et al. (2016), which did not include a weight of evidence analysis of the whole database. The Panel considered that the four studies evaluated, highlighted some concerns but with uncertainties, therefore their relevance for the risk assessment was considered limited and further research would be needed to decrease the level of uncertainties. Overall, three of the studies, reporting that TiO2 induced various effects in in vitro and in vivo models, may be useful for hazard identification of TiO2. In the fourth study by Heringa et al. (2016), numerous assumptions were made, which resulted in large uncertainty in their conclusion. Altogether, the Panel concluded that the outcome of the four studies did not merit re‐opening the existing opinion of EFSA related to the safety of TiO2 (E 171) as a food additive.
Uncontrolled diabetes worsens cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: insights into the involved mechanisms

Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke. Limited knowledge is available regarding the molecular mechanisms and the etiological complexity of both pathologies. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the interplay between long-term DM and ischemic stroke. A comparative study was held between long-term DM-induced adult male Wistar rats which were subjected to sham operation or global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury on one hand, and adult male Wistar rats which were subjected to sham operation or global cerebral I/R injury on the other hand. Results showed a disturbance in cerebral oxidative stress parameters (catalase, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde) in diabetic rats compared to non-diabetic ones. Additionally, in comparison with sham diabetic group, diabetic I/R-injured rats showed up regulation of cerebral oxidative stress, caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) protein expression along with increase in carotid inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression and down regulation of carotid endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression. However, no significant difference was observed in term of cerebral oxidative stress, cerebral caspase-3 and TNF-α protein expression upon comparing non-diabetic I/R-injured rats and diabetic rats subjected to cerebral I/R injury. Carotid vascular dysfunction is prominent in diabetic I/R-injured rats compared to non-diabetic rats with cerebral I/R injury. This study supposed that long term diabetes could exacerbate brain damage following global cerebral I/R injury via promoting inflammation, oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Diabetes-mediated vascular dysfunction in ischemic stroke warrants further experimental and clinical investigations to be fully elucidated.
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis

Background: First metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis can be fixed using either a dorsal plate or crossed screws. However, there is considerable difference in the cost of these implants, and it is not known if there is sufficient difference in outcome that might justify this cost difference. Our aim was to compare the functional results and patient satisfaction rates after first MTP joint arthrodesis in a group of patients using the same surgical technique except for the fixation devices. Methods: A prospective cohort of 27 patients who underwent first MTP joint fusion by the same surgeon using 2 crossed screws or a single screw with a dorsal plate was recruited over a 3-year period. Demographic information, patient satisfaction rates, complications, and union rates were evaluated. American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) and visual analog scale (VAS) scoring systems were used pre- and postoperatively to compare the functional outcomes. Thirty consecutive procedures (screws, n = 15; plate, n = 15) were performed. Age (55.8 ± 11.1 vs 63.3 ± 12.4 years for screws and plate respectively; P = .091) and female gender percentages (80% and 73%, P = .666) were similar between groups. Results: The overall union rate was 93% with no differences between groups. AOFAS and VAS scores improved significantly postoperatively for each technique, and no differences were found between the two in the improvement in AOFAS (42.4 ± 8.0 vs 44.3 ± 8.2, screws and plate respectively; P = .520) and VAS scores (66.0 ± 5.4 vs 69.0 ± 6.9; P = .195). The implant cost for screws was $40 and for dorsal plate, $328. Conclusions: First MTP joint fusion using either screws or plate fixation results in an improvement in AOFAS and VAS scores. Functional improvement and patient satisfaction did not differ between the 2 techniques, despite a considerable difference in cost between the two methods of fixation. Level of Evidence: Level III, prospective comparative study.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF DRUG AND CHEMICAL POISONING IN PATIENTS

Objective: Oral or intravenous use of drugs in amounts higher than therapeutic doses can cause poisoning or death. This condition which is called poisoning accounts for 15–20% of referrals to emergency units. Most death cases in adults are also reported to be attributed to this condition. The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and causes of poisoning in patients who had referred to the emergency department of Tabriz’s Sina Hospital in 2012–2013.Methods: In so doing, a cross-sectional analytic descriptive study was carried out to examine the prevalence and causes of poisoning among the patients who had referred to the poisoning ward of Sina Hospital affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.Result: The results of the present study showed that toxicity was prevalent among 44.16% of the patients who had referred to the emergency department, and it was significantly higher among the women compared to the men. Of the studied 988 patients, 567 had used only one drug and 16 two drugs at the same time, 14 patients had abused drug and chemical materials, 80.3% of them had no history of suicide, and 49.7% were reported with poisoning with home drugs. The results also indicated no significant relationship between the type of drug and intentional poisoning.Conclusion: It could be concluded that marital and occupational status were significantly related to intentional poisoning.
DEMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE ELDERLY CANCER PATIENTS

Ca tanısı almış geriatrik olguların incelenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Radyasyon Onkolojisi Birimi'ne Ocak 1996-Kasım 1999 tarihleri arasında Ca tanısı alıp tedavi amacıyla başvuran olgularla ilgili kayıtlar tarandı. Olguların yaş, cins, tümör karakteristiği, sosyo ekonomik durum, bilinç durumu, depresyon, fiziksel performans ve eşlik eden hastalıklar yönünden demografik özellikleri incelendi. Çalışma grubumuz %34 kadın (n= 124), %66 erkek (n= 245) olmak üzere toplam 369 olgudan oluştu. Çalışmaya dahil edilen olguların yaş skalası 50-59, 60-69 ve 70 yaş üzeri olmak üzere üç grupta incelendi. Yaş gruplarına göre olgu grubumuzu değerlendirdiğimizde Ca görülme sıklığı kadınlarda %16 ile en fazla 50-59 yaş grubunda iken erkek populasyonda %30 ile 60-69 yaş grubunda idi. Her iki cinste de 70 yaş üzerinde Ca sıklığı populasyondaki azalmayla orantılı olarak düşüktü. Tüm Ca'lardan en fazla sıklık %44 ile 60-69 yaş grubunda idi. Grubun sosyo-ekonomik düzeyi %60 (n-221) oranında düşüktü. Tüm hastalar koopere ve oryente olup, DepresyonAnksiyete-Ümitsizlik testine göre %80 (n= 295) olguda depresyon vardı. Karnofsky skalasına göre fizik performans %90 (n= 332) olguda %70'in üzerinde değerlendirildi. Akciğer (AC) %32 (n= 118) oranıyla olgu grubumuzda en sık görülen Ca türü olup, hastaların %99'u erkekti, sırasıyla Meme Ca %14 (n= 48), %92'si kadın, Larinks Ca %12(n=44), %99'u erkek, Primer beyin tümörü (PBT), %10 (n= 37) %70'i erkek, GİS Ca (özefagus, mide. kolorektal) %9 oranında olup (n= 35), %54'ü erkekti. Ülkemizde geriatrik populasyonla ilgili çok az veri ve araştırma vardır. Biz bu kesitsel retrospektif çalışmamızda kanser tanısı almış geriatrik nüfusun profilini inceledik. Bu çalışmanın daha geniş kapsamlı araştırmalara esin olmasını umuyoruz.
Glycometabolic State at Admission: Important Risk Marker of Mortality in Conventionally Treated Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background—The Diabetes and Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) study addressed prognostic factors and the effects of concomitant treatment and glycometabolic control in diabetic patients with myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and Results—Of 620 diabetic patients with AMI, 306 were randomly assigned to a ≥24-hour insulin-glucose infusion followed by multidose subcutaneous insulin. Three hundred fourteen patients were randomized as controls, receiving routine antidiabetic therapy. Thrombolysis and β-blockers were administered when possible. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied to study predictors of long-term mortality. During an average follow-up of 3.4 years (range, 1.6 to 5.6 years), 102 patients (33%) in the intensive insulin group and 138 (44%) in the control group died (P=0.011). Old age, previous heart failure, diabetes duration, admission blood glucose, and admission Hb AIc were independent predictors of mortality in the total cohort, whereas.
Early [11C]Flumazenil/H2O Positron Emission Tomography Predicts Irreversible Ischemic Cortical Damage in Stroke Patients Receiving Acute Thrombolytic Therapy

Background and Purpose—Central benzodiazepine receptor ligands, such as [11C]flumazenil (FMZ), are markers of neuronal integrity and therefore might be useful in the differentiation of functionally and morphologically damaged tissue early in ischemic stroke. We sought to assess the value of a benzodiazepine receptor ligand for the early identification of irreversible ischemic damage to cortical areas that cannot benefit from reperfusion. Methods—Eleven patients (7 male, 4 female, aged 52 to 75 years) with acute, hemispheric ischemic stroke were treated with alteplase (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; 0.9 mg/kg according to National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke protocol) within 3 hours of onset of symptoms. At the beginning of thrombolysis, cortical cerebral blood flow ([15O]H2O) and FMZ binding were assessed by positron emission tomography (PET). Those early PET findings were related to the change in neurological deficit (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) and to the ex.
Adiponectin, an Adipocyte-Derived Plasma Protein, Inhibits Endothelial NF-κB Signaling Through a cAMP-Dependent Pathway

Background—Among the many adipocyte-derived endocrine factors, we found an adipocyte-derived plasma protein, adiponectin, that was decreased in obesity. We recently demonstrated that adiponectin inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)–induced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and that plasma adiponectin level was reduced in patients with coronary artery disease (Circulation. 1999;100:2473–2476). However, the intracellular signal by which adiponectin suppressed adhesion molecule expression was not elucidated. The present study investigated the mechanism of modulation for endothelial function by adiponectin. Methods and Results—The interaction between adiponectin and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) was estimated by cell ELISA using biotinylated adiponectin. HAECs were preincubated for 18 hours with 50 μg/mL of adiponectin, then exposed to TNF-α (10 U/mL) or vehicle for the times indicated. NF-κB–DNA binding activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. TNF-α–inducible.
Information gap amongst animal bite victims and their care givers: a study conducted at anti rabies centers of a city in North India

Background: Animal bites are a neglected public health problem. The irony is that majority of mortalities are due to unawareness of wound management procedures and prevailing various myths and misconceptions. There is dearth of evidence pertaining to it thus we aim to ascertain the information gap amongst victims regarding various aspects of managing animal bites.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken at ARCs of Chandigarh. 100 purposively selected animal bite victims were interviewed from January 2015 to April 2015. Information Gap was ascertained by using pre tested semi structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using EpiInfo and MS Excel.Results: An overall high information gap of 63.5% was seen amongst the knowledge of respondents’ i.e. materials to be used, time and duration for wound washing; place of reporting; knowledge pertaining to disease caused by animal bites and it’s prevention strategies; vaccination related information; location and timing of ARCs.Conclusions: A definitive information gap needs to be addressed through to implementation of public health promotion based programmes.
Predictors of medication use during pregnancy: a cohort study

Background Sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviours are associated with medication use in pregnancy, but it is unclear if they are independent predictors because women´s health status has hardly been accounted for. We aimed to identify predictors of use of medications and of iron/folic acid. Methods This cohort included pregnant women recruited in a prenatal clinic in Trieste, Italy, from 2007 to 2009. Dispensations were obtained from the regional outpatient dispensation database through record linkage. We calculated the Odds Ratio (OR), with 95% confidence interval (95%CI), of ≥ 1 dispensation of (a) any medication and (b) iron/folic acid, using unconditional logistic regression. The final model adjusted for age, partner education, housing size, comorbidities. Findings Of 767 women, 70.5% had ≥ 1 dispensation of any medication and 46.1% of iron/folic acid. Use of any medication was predicted by immigrant status of the woman (OR 1.21; 95%CI 0.57–2.53) or of her partner (1.51; 0.67–3.40), ≤ high school degree of the woman (1.11; 0.61–2.03) or of her partner (1.21; 0.75–1.95), unemployment (1.47; 0.72–2.98), smoking (1.25; 0.65–2.40), alcohol consumption (≥5 drinks/week: 2.78; 1.78–4.34), and obesity (1.33; 0.59–2.99). Use of iron and/or folic acid was predicted by ≤ high school degree (0.65; 0.40–1.08), smoking (0.80: 0.47–1.37), and obesity (0.62; 0.31–1.25). Discussion In this cohort, characteristics including education, immigrant and employment status, smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity independently predicted medication use. Interventions to promote safe use of medications should carefully consider women´s characteristics.
Le rôle de l'hormonothérapie dans le développement de la dépression chez les hommes atteints d'un cancer de la prostate : une étude longitudinale

Mixed results have been obtained concerning the role of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in the development of depression in prostate cancer patients. The main goal of this study was to compare the presence of depressive symptoms and disorders in men receiving a combination of ADT and radiation therapy (ADT-RTH) to men receiving RTH only. A total of 60 men with non-metastatic prostate cancer composed the study sample and were divided into two groups: (1) ADT-RTH (n = 28) and (2) RTH only (n = 32). The ADT-RTH group was further subdivided between men who received long-term ADT (n = 17) and those who received short-term ADT (n 11). All participants were assessed prior to ADT initiation, and at seven additional times over a period of 16 months using semistructured interviews and self-report scales evaluating depression. On average, depression scores remained low during the entire study for both groups. The prevalence of depressive disorders ranged from 5.5% to 23.0% over the study period and the highest prevalence rate was found in the RTH group at 12 months. The introduction of ADT was associated with increases in depressive symptoms for some measures but these differences were not significant. Likewise, withdrawal of ADT was associated with consistent decreases in depressive symptoms, but none of these differences was significant. The small sample size may have limited the statistical power to detect those differences. However, calculations of effect sizes revealed that most of them were of a small magnitude. In summary, this prospective and controlled study failed to provide strong support for an association between ADT and the development of depression in men with prostate cancer.
Pattern of physical activity among school children aged 14-15 years in the district of Kalutara, Sri Lanka

Background: Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for NCD related global mortality. Sri Lanka is on the verge of an epidemic of NCDs. It is imperative that the pattern of physical activity is assessed among adolescents. Objective: To describe the pattern of physical activity among school children aged 14-15 years in the district of Kalutara Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a sample of 1795 children in government schools in the district of Kalutara. The sample was selected using a multistage cluster sampling method with probability proportionate- to the size. A total of 90 class rooms (clusters) were included and the average cluster size was 20. The pattern of physical activity was assessed using the validated Physical Activity Questionnaire-S. Moderate to vigorous physical activities for at least 60 minutes per day for ≥5 days per week were categorized as ‘sufficiently active’. Chi-squared test was applied to compare the physical activity level with selected factors. Results: Only 33.1% (n=595) of the adolescents were sufficiently active. Of them, 30.6% (246/805) females and 35.1% (349/990) males were sufficiently active (p=0.04). Of the overweight adolescents, 26.7% (48/176) were sufficiently active, which was significantly different from the normal (35.1%, 412/1175) and underweight (30.4%, 135/144) groups (p=0.04). Only 13.9% (n=249) adolescents participated on three or more days a week in sport clubs, aerobics, dancing or martial art during out-of-school hours; and 66.4% (n=1195) in one or more sport clubs during the previous year. Only 4.8% (n=86) adolescents were active on three or more days during school physical exercise period and 46.8% (n=842) traveling by bicycle to school and back during the previous week. Almost 80% (n=1407) of the adolescents learnt about benefits of physical exercise; 66.2% (n=1187) to develop a plan of physical exercise to improve it; and 80% (n=1434) on injury prevention of physical exercise during the previous year from the schools. Conclusions: Only 33.1% of the adolescents were sufficiently active. Males were more active than females. Participation of physical exercise activities within school and out-of-school hours was low.