Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Produção de carvão ativado a partir de bagaço e melaço de cana-de-açúcar - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v28i1.1203

Activated carbons were prepared from mixtures of sugar cane bagasse and molasses in bagasse:molasses mass ratios from 1:0 to 1:2. The mixture was pressed to form pellets, and pyrolyzed under N 2 flow of 150 mL•min -1 , at 850°C, for 1 hour. The pyrolyzed carbons were activated with CO 2 , under the flow of 75 mL•min -1 at 850°C for 30 min. The activated carbons were characterized by an analysis of nitrogen adsorption isotherms (77 K), pH, and solutions decolorization of sugar cane molasses (1% w/v). Results showed that the activated carbons presented yield of 23% in relation to the initial pellets, surface areas from 272 to 455 m 2 •g -1 , and that micro and mesopores were predominant in the pore size distribution. Activated carbons made with a smaller amount of molasses in the mixture were as efficient in the decolorization as a commercial reference carbon
Effect of liming and phosphate additions on sulphate leaching in soils

SUMMARY The effect of lime (CaCO3) and phosphate additions on surface charge characteristics and their effect on the leaching of sulphate were examined for two soils (Patua loam and Tokomaru silt loam) which differed in their adsorption capacities for sulphate. Incubation of soils with either CaCO3 (0–600 mmol kg−1) or phosphate (0-208 mmol kg−1) resulted in a two- to five-fold increase in the net negative charge and a similar decrease in the adsorption of sulphate. The effect of either lime or phosphate addition on both the surface charge and sulphate adsorption was more pronounced for the allophanic Patua soil than for the Tokomaru soil containing mainly vermiculite. In a column experiment, liming induced the leaching of sulphur either by the desorp-tion of adsorbed sulphate or by the mineralization of organic sulphur. During a miscible displacement study, addition of either CaCO3 or phosphate resulted in an early breakthrough of sulphate in the leachate. In a pulse experiment, in which soils were incubated with sulphate (3.12 mmol kg−1) for 1 week and subsequently leached with water, more added sulphate was lost in the leachate of the soils previously incubated with either CaCO3 or phosphate.
A critical review of the Stark widths and shifts of spectral lines from non‐hydrogenic atoms

A critical review of all available data on the Stark broadening and shifts of spectral lines of neutral elements has been undertaken. Over 200 papers compiled by the NBS Data Center on Atomic Line Shapes and Shifts have been evaluated, and of these, 68 were chosen as having reviewable data. Only those papers with properly determined critical factors, such as electron density, temperature, spatial homogeneity, optical depth, and instrument function deconvolution, were selected.
Machine-Washable, Water- and Oil-Repellent, Flame-Retardant Wool

Shrink-resist treatments based on chemical degradative processes and the chlorine/Hercosett treatment, while compatible with the Zirpro flame-retardant treatment, decrease the water-repellency of wool. Addition of fluorocarbons improved the water-repellency of chlorine/Hercosett- and Zirpro- treated wool, but this was inferior to fluorocarbon-treated Zirpro wool without a chemical shrink- resist treatment, particularly after washing. Chemical shrink-resist treatments, in the absence of Hercosett, decreased the fastness of oil-repellent treatments to washing. Application of fluorocarbons by the exhaustion technique with Zirpro produced a higher degree of water-repellency than application by padding. Application of chlorine/Hercosett by the exhaustion technique to wool in fabric form was successfully followed by the Zirpro treatment without intermediate drying, indicating insolubilization of the polyamide-epichlorhydrin resin on the wool fiber, after exhaustion in alkaline conditions. When an untreated fabric, dimensionally stable to washing, was treated with the Zirpro treatment, this was fast to at least 20 washes at 60°C. Several multipurpose finishes avoiding the use of chemical degrada tive shrink-resist treatments were evaluated. Wool fabric construction and weight influence the effectiveness of a flame-retardant multipurpose finish, particularly after washing.
Synthesis and crystallogenesis at low temperature of Fe(III)-smectites by evolution of coprecipitated gels: experiments in partially reducing conditions

Abstract Syntheses of ferric smectites were performed at low temperature (75° C by aging coprecipitated gels of silica and Fe2+-sulphate under initially reducing then oxidizing conditions. Under strictly reducing conditions only nuclei of a trioctahedral ferrous stevensite were observed and crystal growth did not take place. When a spontaneous oxidization, in contact with air, was effected, the ferrous smectite nuclei transformed rapidly into a ferric, nontronite-like, smectite. Crystallogenesis of the ferric smectite was studied by XRD, IR, DTA, Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopies. The end-synthesis smectite contained only Fe3+ ions, all located in the octahedral sheet. This clay was mixed with a cryptocrystalline iron oxide phase containing one-third of the iron atoms and undetectable by XRD.
On the Catalytic Activity of Co3O4 in Low-Temperature CO Oxidation

Oxidation of CO over Co3O4 at ambient temperature was studied with flow reactor experiments, and in-situ spectroscopic and structural methods. The catalyst deactivates during the reaction. The rate of deactivation increased with increasing CO or CO2 gas-phase concentration but decreased with increased 02 concentration or increased temperature. Regeneration of the catalyst in 10% O-2/Ar was more efficient than regeneration in Ar alone. The presence of carbonates and surface carbon on the deactivated catalyst was concluded from TPO experiments. None of these species could, however, be correlated with the deactivation of the catalyst. In-situ FTIR showed the presence of surface carbonates, carbonyl, and oxygen species. The change in structure and oxidation state of the catalyst was studied by in-situ XRD, in-situ XANES, XPS, and flow reactor experiments. One possible explanation for the deactivation of the catalyst is a surface reconstruction hindering the redox cycle of the reaction.
The chemistry of the chromotropic acid method for the analysis of formaldehyde

Formaldehyde is present in the indoor air of many industrial and non-industrial environments. The procedure most commonly employed in North America for its analysis is one that uses chromotropic acid and concentrated sulphuric acid. The nature of the purple chromogen that is produced in the analytical procedure has not been fully understood until now. Evidence will be presented to support the hypothesis that the chromogen has a mono-cationic dibenzoxanthylium structure and not a para.para-quinoidal one that is commonly cited.
The microimmersion bioassay: A novel method for the topical application of pesticides to spider mites

A novel and versatile method is described for measuring the contact activity of acaricides against spider mites. The microimmersion (MI) bioassay involves drawing batches of 25 mites into small pipette tips under vacuum, immersing them for 30 s in 35 mul of a test solution, and then confining the treated subjects on clean foliage in holding cells. Evaluations of amitraz, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos and dicofol against susceptible strains of Tetranychus urticae Koch showed the MI bioassay to be equally applicable to formulated and technical acaricides (the latter dissolved in acetone + distilled water; 20 + 80 by volume), and to give LC50 values that corresponded well with those from a conventional residual bioassay. The most important difference between bioassay methods was the consistently greater slope of probit lines from MI tests. Results were not highly sensitive to varying the immersion period between 15 and 60 s, and low control mortality was observed with ethanol or acetone concentrations of up to 500 ml litre-1, and surfactant concentrations of up to 10 g litre-1. The potential of this method for assessing the relative toxicity of both fast- and slow-acting acaricides, screening small quantities of experimental compounds for acaricidal activity, and improving the laboratory procedure for selection and characterization of acaricide resistance is discussed.
Role of incorporated hydrogen on performance and photo-bias instability of indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistors

This study examined the effects of hydrogen incorporation in amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) on the performance and photo-bias stability of the resulting thin-film transistors (TFTs). It was found that the threshold voltage of IGZO TFTs was negatively shifted without significant loss of the field-effect mobility and ION/OFF ratio with increasing hydrogen concentration, suggesting that interstitial hydrogen can act as a shallow donor. The hydrogen-doped device, however, showed more negative bias illumination stress (NBIS) instability than the undoped device, which cannot be explained by the simple shallow donor model. This NBIS-induced degradation might be associated with the increased tailing state distribution, which may stem from a hydrogen-related complex defect or compensation.
Synthesis of Cysteine Capped Silver Nanoparticles by Electrochemically Active Biofilm and their Antibacterial Activities

C.Cys-AgNPs of 5-10 nm were synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD and TEM. Capping ofthe silver nanoparticles with cysteine provides stability to nanoparticles by a thiolate bond between the aminoacid and the nanoparticle surface and hydrogen bonding among the Cys-AgNPs. In addition, the antibacterialeffects of as-synthesized Cys-AgNPs have been tested against two pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli(O157:H7) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). The results demonstrate that the as-synthesized Cys-AgNPscan proficiently inhibit the growth and multiplication of E. coli and P. aeruginosa.Key Words : Cys-AgNPs, Silver colloidal nanoparticles, (
Manganese Oxide/Titania Materials for Removal of NOx and Elemental Mercury from Flue Gas

A novel catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) using CO as reductant, MnO x supported on titania, has been shown to be effective for both elemental mercury capture and low temperature SCR. In low temperature (200 °C) SCR trials using an industrially relevant space velocity (50 000 h −1) and oxygen concentration (2 vol %), nearly quantitative reduction of NO x was obtained using CO as the reductant. Fresh catalyst used as an adsorbent for elemental mercury from an inert atmosphere showed remarkable mercury capture capacity, as high as 17.4 mg/g at 200 °C. The catalyst effectively captured elemental mercury after use in NO x reduction. Mercury capture efficiency was not affected by the presence of water vapor. Mercury capacity was reduced in the presence of SO 2. Manganese loading and bed temperature, which influence surface oxide composition, were found to be important factors for mercury capture. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results reveal that the mercury is present in.
XPS core-level shifts and XANES studies of Cu–Pt and Co–Pt alloys

The K and L 2,3 absorption edges and core-level binding-energy shifts for pure Co, Cu and Pt and Co-Pt and Cu-Pt alloys are measured to investigate changes in electronic structures of these alloys. Enhancements and depletion of the white lines in the alloys as compared to pure elements were correlated with changes in the unoccupied density of states upon alloying. We find that the Pt atoms lost d 3/2 electrons and gained d 5/2 electrons when alloyed with Cu and Co. However, the total 5d occupancy changes of the Pt were very little in Cu-Pt alloys, and this is consistent with the small shifts of Pt 4f core-level binding energy. From the quantitative analysis of Cu and Co K-edge absorption spectra, it is found that Cu and Co have significant valence occupation changes due to dehybridization of p-d states. From these results, we suggest that the core-level shifts are affected mainly by the d-valence electron changes in these alloys.
Ionic Liquids as Demulsifiers of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions: Study of the Microwave Effect

Water/oil emulsions are formed in oil wells because of the presence of natural surfactants, such as asphaltenes and resins. These molecules strongly stabilize the water/oil interface and prevent coalescence of water droplets. Because water/oil phase separation is necessary before oil refining, surfactants are used to break water/oil emulsions. Herein, surface-active ionic liquids were synthesized and evaluated for the first time as demulsifier agents for water-in-crude oil emulsions of light, heavy, and ultra-heavy Mexican crude oil under conventional and microwave dielectric heating. The use of microwave irradiation accelerated and increased significantly the efficiency of demulsification of ultra-heavy crude oil emulsion.
Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on seed yield and soil nutrient status after harvest of spinach beet (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis)

A field experiment was conducted at Vegetable Experimental Field, SKUAST- K Shalimar during Rabi season 2016-17 to evaluate the effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on seed yield and soil nutrient status after harvest of spinach beet. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with nine treatment combinations replicated three times. The treatments comprised of organic manures viz., farm yard manure, sheep manure, vermicompost, mustard cake and two types of bio-fertilizers namely Azospirillum and PSB, including RFD (recommended fertilizer dose) as control. Results revealed that sole application of vermicompost @ 3.0 t ha-1 increased the seed yield per plot (0.437 kg), seed yield per hectare (11.02 q), 100 seed weight (1.93), available phosphorous ha-1 (22.96 kg), available potassium ha-1 (214.60 kg), organic carbon (1.33 %) and electrical conductivity (0.120 dS m-1). Results further indicated that application of biofertilizers @ 5.0 kg ha-1 in combination with vermicompost @ 3.0 t ha-1 (T6) significantly increased the seed yield per plot (0.633 kg), seed yield per hectare (15.88 q), 100 seed weight (2.33), available nitrogen ha-1 (287.16 kg), available phosphorous ha-1(28.91 kg), available potassium ha-1 (229.03 kg), organic carbon (1.35 %) and electrical conductivity (0.122 dS m-1). Treatments RFD (control) and mustard cake recorded the lowest values for seed yield and soil parameters.
The Emerging Use of Quantum Dots in Analysis

Abstract The optical properties of quantum dots (QDs) have made them attractive materials in diverse fields of application. Since water‐soluble derivatives were obtained, quantum dots have attracted intensive research interest in sensing, diagnosis, imaging, and optical tracking. The analytes that have been targeted span ions, small chemical molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and cells. The fluorescence of functionalized QDs can be quenched, enhanced, or even ‘switch’ on and off in different cases. However, the mechanisms behind these various responses are not yet all fully understood. This review gives an overview of the emerging use of QDs in analysis. Typical examples, in particular in relation to the discussion on mechanisms are highlighted.
Sensory Characteristics of Zinc Fortified Millet Products

Deficiency of zinc is believed to be as widespread as that of iron, with equally serious consequences. Fortification of staple foods with this mineral is a cost effective method that can be used to combat this deficiency. In this study, the sensory attributes of roti and dumpling prepared from zinc-fortified millet flours stored for up to 60 days were evaluated. The products prepared from fortified finger millet and sorghum flours were evaluated for sensory quality attributes using quantitative descriptive analysis. The products were acceptable by the sensory panel in terms of texture, aroma, and taste of the products.
Effect of dietary tryptophan supplementation on egg quality parameters

The study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplemental tryptophan on the external and internal egg quality parameters. A total of 350 White Leghorn layers of 18 weeks were allocated to seven experimental groups, each of which included 5 replicates and each replicate had 10 birds reared upto 45 weeks of age. Experimental diets consisted of two protein diets along with 5 supplemental levels of tryptophan. The basal diet consisted of normal protein (CP-17%) with 0.165% tryptophan and low protein diet with 0.153% tryptophan. Tryptophan was supplemented at 0.015 and 0.035% in normal protein diet to obtain 0.18% and 0.20% digestible tryptophan and at 0.012, 0.027 and 0.047% in low protein diets (CP- 16.23%) to obtain 0.165%, 0.18% and 0.20% digestible tryptophan respectively. Egg quality characteristics were assessed in six eggs per treatment collected randomly at fortnightly intervals. The results of the study indicate that external and internal egg quality parameters were not influenced either by the level of protein or tryptophan. However, shell thickness was higher in birds supplemented with 0.18% and 0.20% tryptophan of both normal and low protein diets, respectively during 31-37 weeks of age and overall experimental period. There was no significant alteration in egg cholesterol throughout the experimental period except at 29-35 weeks of age, wherein egg cholesterol was lower in treatments supplemented with tryptophan at 0.18% and 0.20% in both normal and low protein diets, respectively when compared to other diets.
Equalizing effect of β‐cyclodextrin on dyeing of polyamide 6,6 woven fabrics with acid dyes

Cyclodextrins (CD) are produced from starch by the action of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) enzyme. Structurally, cyclodextrins consist of 6, 7, or 8 (α, β, and γ cyclodextrins, respectively) D-glucopyranosyl units connected by α-(1,4) glycosidic linkages. Having polar and hydrophilic outer sides and hydrophobic cavitation gives cyclodextrins a chance to form inclusion complexes with dyes in hydrophilic mediums. In this research, the equalizing effect of β-cyclodextrins in dyeing of polyamide 6,6 woven fabrics with 6 different acid dyes were investigated. From the experimental results, it was determined that the β-cyclodextrin shows a retarding and equalizing effect in dyeings carried out with the dyes that show interaction with β-CD. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2660–2668, 2007
Comparative Study on Nutritional Value of Chinese and North American Wild Rice

The nutritional composition of Chinese wild rice [Zizania latifolia (Griseb) Turcz] from five lakes in China and North American wild rice (Zizania aquatica) from the United States of America and Canada was determined for comparison of nutritional value. The contents of moisture, protein, fat, ash and dietary fiber were similar (P>0.05), while iron, thiamin and vitamin E (tocopherol) contents of Chinese wild rice were higher than in North American wild rice samples (P<0.01, P<0.05). Methionine, zinc and riboflavin contents of North American wild rice samples were higher than in Chinese samples (P<0.01, P<0.05). Amino acid scores of Chinese, American and Canadian samples were 84, 82 and 8l, respectively. Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) of Chinese wild rice was 2.75 by rat assay, which is very high for a cereal.
Flow of Liquid Hydrocarbons in Porous Vycor

Experimental investigation of the flow rates of normal paraffins in porous Vycor glass shows that there are deviations from the viscosity dependence required by Poiseuille's law. A discussion of the application of capillary models to describe flow in porous media in terms of the measured porosity and surface‐to‐volume ratio points out that such models are not generally applicable, though they give useful results for some purposes. An estimate of the permeability predicted by Poiseuille's law is made by an empirical method which uses gas flow measurements in the Knudsen flow region. The equations of slip flow as derived for gases do not explain the experimental deviations from Poiseuille flow. The concept of a slipping adsorbed layer of molecular thickness at the wall of a capillary is combined with the usual Poiseuille treatment for the interior to give a result which is compatible with experiment.
Nanocomposites based on polyolefins and functional thermoplastic materials

Polyolefins are today the most used thermoplastic materials thanks to the high technology and sustainability of the polymerization process, their excellent thermomechanical properties and their good environmental compatibility, including easy recycling. In the last few decades much effort has been devoted worldwide to extend the applications of polyolefins by conferring on them new properties through mixing and blending with different materials. In this latter context, nanocomposites have recently offered new exciting possibilities. This has been made possible on the basis of the improvement of polyolefin functionalization processes with the availability of several olefin homo- and copolymers bearing a small (generally less than 1 mol%) amount of backbone grafted polar groups. These are indeed adequate to endow favourable interface interactions with polar macromolecules and inorganic compounds, leading first to compatible blends and then to microcomposites. The successful use of nanostructured dispersed materials has opened, on a similar basis, the way to nanocomposites as described in this review. This review provides a broad and updated description of the synthetic routes to nanostructured biphase materials having the typical structural properties of polyolefins (continuous matrix) but showing enhanced thermomechanical properties, thermostability, lower flammability, lower gas permeability and electrical and optical properties, thanks to the presence of an extended interphase interaction with very different nanodispersed species. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
A well-designed three-dimensional ternary hierarchical co-axial ZnO@ZnS heteroarchitecture decorated electrospun carbon hollow tube nanofibrous mat: improved ultraviolet-light photocatalytic performance

A novel, efficient and versatile strategy was successfully developed to fabricate a well-designed three dimensional photocatalytic ternary hierarchical coaxial ZnO@ZnS heteroarchitecture decorated electrospun carbon hollow tube nanofibrous mat (ZnO@ZnS/C). Photocatalytic ternary coaxial ZnO@ZnS/C hollow tube mats showed an enhanced performance in the degradation of the pollutant methyl orange (MO), which may be attributed to the remarkable synergistic effect between ZnO, ZnS and graphitic carbon hollow tube fibers with a novel morphology and a unique porosity, where the ZnO and ZnS semiconductors act as improved ultraviolet-light absorbers and charge-transfer carriers, and the graphitic carbon hollow tube nanofibrous mats not only provide an appropriate porous support for the well-dispersed semiconductors, and for trapping of organic pollutants, but also act as an electron acceptor, which prolongs the electron lifetime of the excited semiconductor and decreases the recombination rate of the photo-induced electron–hole pairs. Improved efficiency and reusability in the degradation of MO dye makes the coaxial ZnO@ZnS/C hollow heteroarchitectures a commercially promising candidate for the photocatalytic treatment of dye effluent.