Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radius Breaking Strength and Egg Characteristics of Laying Hens as Affected by Dietary Supplements and Housing

Abstract Three experiments conducted simultaneously on radius breaking strength and egg characteristics, were determined on White Leghorn hens housed 1 or 3 per cage, or in floor pens (Experiment 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Hens were fed diets containing supplements of Ca, P, vitamin D3 or metal proteinates. Hens fed the various supplements, in different combinations in Exp. 1 and 2, showed significant increases in bone strength over those fed the basal diet. Bone strengths from hens in Exp. 3, fed 3.78% Ca and 1.0% P, or 3.22% Ca and 0.65% P (floor pens) averaged 3.05 or 3.18 kg. , respectively, and were not significantly different from one another. Bone strengths in Exp. 1 and 2, as a result of the supplements, were essentially equal to those of Exp. 3. Hen-day production, egg weight, albumen height, shell thickness and percent shell did not differ statistically, within the respective experiments, due to the dietary supplements. When the data from the three experiments were combined, production was significantly higher with hens housed 1 per cage than 3 per cage, and both the 1 and 3 per cage had significantly higher production than hens in floor pens. Egg weight and shell thickness of caged birds were significantly greater than those from hens in floor pens. Albumen height and percent shell did not differ significantly as a result of housing.
Climate change and plant invasions: restoration opportunities ahead?

Rather than simply enhancing invasion risk, climate change may also reduce invasive plant competitiveness if conditions become climatically unsuitable. Using bioclimatic envelope modeling, we show that climate change could result in both range expansion and contraction for five widespread and dominant invasive plants in the western United States. Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) are likely to expand with climate change. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and spotted knapweed (Centaurea biebersteinii) are likely to shift in range, leading to both expansion and contraction. Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is likely to contract. The retreat of once‐intractable invasive species could create restoration opportunities across millions of hectares. Identifying and establishing native or novel species in places where invasive species contract will pose a considerable challenge for ecologists and land managers. This challenge must be addressed before other undesirable species invade and eliminate restoration opportunities.
Genetic Relationship and Characteristics Using Microsatellite DNA Loci in Horse Breeds

The present study was conducted to investigate the genetic characteristic and to establish the parentage verification system of the Korean native horse(KNH). A total number of 192 horses from six horse breeds including the KNH were genotyped using 17 microsatellite loci. This method consisted of multiplexing PCR procedure. The number of alleles per locus varied from 5 to 10 with a mean value of 7.35 in KNH. The expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity were ranged from 0.387 to 0.841(mean 0.702) and from 0.429 to 0.905(mean 0.703), respectively. The total exclusion probability of 17 microsatellite loci was 0.9999. Of the 17 markers, AHT4, AHT5, CA425, HMS2, HMS3, HTG10, LEX3 and VHL20 marker have relatively high PIC value(>0.7). This study found that there were specific alleles, P allele at AHT5, Q allele and R allele at ASB23, H allele at CA425, S allele at HMS3, J allele at HTG10 and J allele at LEX3 marker in KNH when compared with other horse populations. Also, the results showed two distinct clusters: the Korean native horse cluster(Korean native horse, Mongolian horse), and the European cluster(Jeju racing horse, Thoroughbred horse). These results present basic information for detecting the genetic markers of the KNH, and has high potential for parentage verification and individual identification of the KNH.
FRESHWATER DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES FROM 23 LAKES LOCATED NEAR NORILSK, SIBERIA: A COMPARISON WITH ASSEMBLAGES FROM OTHER CIRCUMPOLAR TREELINE REGIONS

Knowledge of the composition and ecological preferences of diatom assemblages in northern regions is important for paleoenvironmental reconstructions of variables related to climate and/or anthropogenic disturbances. Relatively little is presently known about diatoms from circumpolar treeline areas, especially for lakes located in northern Russia. Our study set included lakes in the Siberian tundra, forest-tundra, and boreal forest regions close to Norilsk, of which nine sites were subject to anthropogenic disturbances, such as mining and housing developments. We enumerated surficial sediment diatom assemblages and used multivariate statistical techniques to investigate which environmental variables were important in explaining the variation in diatom assemblages within our lake set. Deeper lakes were associated with higher abundances of planktonic centric taxa, such as Cyclotella Kutzing species. Warmer, higher conductivity forested lakes were associated with higher abundances of planktonic pennate taxa,.
Effect of Phytase Supplementation on Nutrients Availability and Performance of Broiler Chicks

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of phytase supplementation on broiler performance and evaluation of nutrients equivalency for Natuphos phytase, using 640 day-old commercial broiler chickens from 1 to 49 days of age. The experimental units were allocated randomly to 4 dietary treatments × two sexes with 4 replicates per treatment. The first dietary treatment formulated without phytase, the second one contained 500 FTU/kg phytase, and the third one contained 500 FTU/kg phytase which was calculated half of the nutrients equivalency values for phyatse. The fourth dietary treatment contained 500 FTU/kg phyatse which was calculated the total nutrients equivalency values for phytase. During the experiment Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured in each phase of the rearing. Mortality was recorded throughout the experiment. No significant difference was observed among four dietary treatments for final body weight, feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics (p>0.05). The results indicated that phytase increased the availability of nutrients in third and fourth treatments. Toe ash, and toe ash Ca and P percentage increased with the addition of phytase in both sexes (p<0.05), but had no significant effect on blood phosphorus concentration.
Legume Crops Phylogeny and Genetic Diversity for Science and Breeding

Economically, legumes (Fabaceae) represent the second most important family of crop plants after the grass family, Poaceae. Grain legumes account for 27% of world crop production and provide 33% of the dietary protein consumed by humans, while pasture and forage legumes provide vital part of animal feed. Fabaceae, the third largest family of flowering plants, has traditionally been divided into the following three subfamilies: Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae, all together with 800 genera and 20,000 species. The latter subfamily contains most of the major cultivated food and feed crops. Among the grain legumes are some of mankind's earliest crop plants, whose domestication parallelled that of cereals: Soybean in China; faba bean, lentil, chickpea and pea in the Fertile Crescent of the Near East; cowpeas and bambara groundnut in Africa; soybean and mungbeans in East Asia; pigeonpea and the grams in South Asia; and common bean, lima bean, scarlet runner bean, tepary bean and lupin in Central and South America. The importance of legumes is evidenced by their high representation in ex situ germplasm collections, with more than 1,000,000 accessions worldwide. A detailed knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships of the Fabaceae is essential for understanding the origin and diversification of this economically and ecologically important family of angiosperms. This review aims to combine the phylogenetic and genetic diversity approaches to better illustrate the origin, domestication history and preserved germplasm of major legume crops from 13 genera of six tribes and to indicate further potential both for science and agriculture.
Movements and dispersal of bobcats in East Tennessee

In spring 1978, a study was initiated to acquire data on home range, spatial distribution, behavior, and movement of bobcats on the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Environmental Research Park (NERP). The objective of this paper is to describe the movements of 15 adult and juvenile animals from March 1978 through June 1981 with particular emphasis on dispersal of young bobcats.
Desempenho, composição do leite e metabólitos sanguíneos de vacas Holandês x Gir manejadas em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e suplementadas com grão de soja tostado

Feed intake, blood metabolites, and milk yield and composition of Holstein x Gir cows grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu receiving 6kg/cow/day (natural matter based) of concentrate containing 0, 1.3, 2.6, 3.9kg/cow/day of roasted soybean seeds (RSS) were evaluated. The experimental design was four 4 x 4 latin square (LS) in wich each phase consisted of 10 days for diet adaptation period and 5 days for samples collection. Diet supplementation with RSS decreased linearly (P 0.05), but nonesterified fatty acids increased with RSS supplementation (P 0.05) of RSS supplement on milk production and composition, except the linear reduction on the content (P=0.10) and yield (P=0.08) milk fat, which can present positive financial implication to farmers, knowing that most of the Brazilian dairy use payment programs by milk composition.
Catalogue of marine and freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta) of New South Wales, including Lord Howe Island, south-western Pacific

All published, and many unpublished, records of marine and freshwater red algae from the New South Wales mainland and Lord Howe Island are brought together for the first time. Of the 381 species listed (in 14 orders, 41 families and 174 genera), some 22% have New South Wales type localities (58 from the mainland and 24 from Lord Howe Island) and the remainder are either typically southern Australian, Queensland, or much more widely distributed. Twenty-five percent (100) of the species and 20% (35) of the genera are newly recorded for the New South Wales coast, one genus (Callithamniella) is new to the Pacific Ocean, and two (Ditria and Titanophora) are newly recorded for Australia. The new combination Gloiocladia minutula is also proposed. All nomenclature is updated and relevant synonyms and misapplied names are included.
Interactions among arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger and biocontrol of wilt of tomato

Microbial interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma harzianum (Th), Aspergillus niger (An) and plant roots are widespread in the natural environment and can provide a range of benefits to the host plant. We studied the effects of three AM fungi together, with combination of Th, An or without Th and An, on the outcome of competition between a host and pathogen. T. harzianum and AM fungi both showed growth increment, which was mitigated when Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) was present. The three AM fungi combination and Th and An showed that interactions between fungi are important in determining the outcomes of plant competition and biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease.
A physiological comparison of leaves and phyllodes in Acacia melanoxylon

Leaves and phyllodes of A. melanoxylon were compared in several aspects of their physiology. Changes in gas exchange and water use efficiency (WUE) under controlled conditions of vapour pressure deficit (vpd) and foliar water potential were examined. Water use efficiency in phyllodes remained constant under a wide range of evaporative demand due to high stomatal sensitivity to vpd. Leaf stomata were less sensitive to changes in vpd causing decreased WUE with increased vpd. Under water stress phyllodes survived longer and produced higher WUE than leaves. Maximum photosynthetic rates per unit foliar area were higher in phyllodes than leaves. Thus, phyllodes have a number of advantages over leaves under conditions of long and short term water stress and high irradiance. Leaves had a higher photosynthetic rate per unit of photosynthetic investment than phyllodes, suggesting that their function is to maximise growth during the seedling phase.
Filocrono e número de folhas da canola em diferentes condições ambientais

The objective of this work was to determine the number of leaves and phyllochron of canola genotypes, in response to thermal variations associated with sowing dates. Two experiments were conducted in a randomized block design, with a factorial arrangement of genotype by sowing date (5x2, in 2009, and 2x3 in 2010), and four replicates. The number of leaves on the main stem and first branch was determined threefold a week. Phyllochron was estimated by the inverse of the slope between the thermal time and the number of leaves, at the rosette stage and at stem elongation. The number of leaves on the main stem ranged from 11.5 to 16.4; this number was on average 70% lower in the first segment. The number of leaves on the main stem was higher in early sowing, and the opposite occurred in the first segment. The phyllochron was higher in the rosette stage, and values ranged from 21.4 to 52.9 degree-days per leaf, according to genotypes and sowing dates. Late sowing dates increased the phyllochron. Early genotypes have lower number of leaves and phyllochron than medium and late genotypes, and the variability between them increase in late sowings.
Optimization of Concentration of Medium Ingredients for Production of Citric Acid using Statistical Methods

The concentration of medium ingredients was optimized by applying statistical methods for production of citric acid by locally isolated Aspergillus niger PCSIR-06. Box-bhenken design and response surface methodology were applied for designing experiment and statistical analysis of results. The Box-bhenken design limited the number of experiments to fifty four for studying possible interaction between the six medium ingredients i.e., Sucrose, KH 2 PO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , MgSO 4 , zinc and iron. The statistical method predicted maximum citric acid yield of 108.69 g/l with medium ingredients concentration Sucrose 149.92 g/l, KH 2 PO 4 1.25 g/l, NH 4 NO 3 , 4.66 g/l, MgSO 4 0.15 g/l, Zn 24.00 mg/l, Fe 0.21 mg/l. The verification run confirmed the predicted yield with the given concentration of medium ingredients. These studies successfully demonstrated the use of Box-Bhenken experimental design for the optimization of nutrient concentration for maximum yield of citric acid. Key words: Optimize; Medium; Citric acid; Box-bhenken design; Response surface methodology DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4. 9606 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 549-560
Estimates of Net Annual Aboveground Production: Sensitivity to Sampling Frequency

We used frequently repeated measurements of growth characteristics in undisturbed study plots, and replicated harvests of shoots from nearby plots, to measure biomass accumulation of Typha latifolia in 1978 and 1979. The data were used to calculate net annual aboveground production (NAAP) using seven computational procedures: peak biomass; the Milner and Hughes; Smalley; Valiela et al.; a modified Wiegert and Evans; Allen curve; and the summed shoot maximum which we devised for this study. The procedures were evaluated with respect to their sensitivity to differences in sampling frequency by repetitively calculating NAAP using different sequential subsets of the study plot and harvesting data sets. Year—to—year differences in the relative accuracy of some methods (peak biomass; Milner and Hughes; Smalley; and Valiela et al.) were affected by cohort structure of the population. The Allen curve NAAP estimates were not affected by the differences in cohort structure. Our modified Wiegert and Evans method ove.
The Ebo-like running crab spiders in the Old World (Araneae, Philodromidae)

A recent phylogenetic analysis within Philodromidae has shown that Ebo Keyserling, in its current limits, is a paraphyletic assemblage of spiders characterized by a strongly elongated second pair of legs and by enlarged anterior median eyes. Here a generic revision of Ebo-like philodromid spiders is provided, with the genera Ebo, Titanebo Gertsch (re-elevated to genus rank), Halodromus gen. n. and Philodromus Walckenaer ad. part. (the histrio species group = Rhysodromus Schick) being redefi ned and diagnosed. Ebo and Titanebo are Nearctic taxa whose occurrence in the Old World remains doubtful. Old World species with a long patellar apophysis on the male palp are included in Halodromus gen. n. (H. patellaris (Wunderlich, 1987), H. patellidens (Levy, 1977), both ex. Ebo). Th ree new species are described from both sexes, Halodromus barbarae sp. n. from the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt and Spain, H. deltshevi sp. n. from Yemen, and H. gershomi sp. n. from Eritrea. Ebo eremus Levy, 1999 is a new subjective synonym of Halodromus patellaris (Wunderlich, 1987). Halodromus is presumably an Afro-Syrian element with wide distribution in the Eremial of northern Africa and the Middle East. Th e Israeli species Philodromus halophilus (Levy, 1977), comb. n. ex. Ebo is transferred to the Philodromus histrio species group.
Fatty Acids, Sterols, Polyphenols, and Chlorophylls of Olive Oils Obtained from Tunisian Wild Olive Trees (Olea europaea L. Var. Sylvestris)

Olive (Olea europaea L.) includes cultivated olive trees (var. europaea) and wild olive trees or oleaster (var. sylvestris) as two botanical varieties. These olive varieties were widely spread in the Mediterranean Region. The aim of this study was to determine fatty acid compositions, sterols, polyphenols, and chlorophylls of oils obtained from 12 wild olive trees from Northern Tunisia. Two dominated oil cultivars in Tunisia (Chétoui and Chemlali) were also used to compare results. The fatty acid methyl ester and the sterol compositions were analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography methods, respectively. The polyphenols and chlorophylls were determined using the calorimetrical method. Results indicated that oils extracted from wild olives displayed good balanced fatty acid compositions, sterols, polyphenols, and chlorophylls. Qualitatively, for wild and cultivated olive oils, the oil has an identical composition, whereas the quantitative variation showed that some wild trees seem to be interesting oil sources as two Tunisian dominated cultivars. The highest oleic acid and polyphenol contents were 71.55% and 537.6 mg/kg of oil found in wild olives (OIch2, OIch1). The β-sitosterol was the major sterolic fraction and ranged from 84.72 to 75.70% according to the wild olives. Consequently, wild olives would be a new future edible olive oil source, as well as commonly cultivated ones.
Hidden periods, duration and final size of COVID-19 pandemic

The SIR (susceptible-infected-removed) model, statistical approach for the parameter identification and the official WHO data about the confirmed cumulative number of cases were used to estimate the characteristics of COVID-19 pandemic in USA, Germany, UK, South Korea and in the world. Epidemic in every country has rather long hidden period before fist cases were confirmed. In particular, the pandemic began in China no later than October, 2019. If current trends continue, the end of the pandemic should be expected no earlier than March 2021, the global number of cases will exceed 5 million.
Unraveling the Intoxicating and Therapeutic Effects of Cannabis Ingredients on Psychosis and Cognition

Research evidence suggests a dose–response relationship for the association between cannabis use and risk of psychosis. Such relationship seems to reflect an increased risk of psychosis not only as a function of frequent cannabis use, but also of high-potency cannabis use in terms of concentration of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), its main psychoactive component. This finding would be in line with the evidence that Δ9-THC administration induces transient psychosis-like symptoms in otherwise healthy individuals. Conversely, low-potency varieties would be less harmful because of their lower amount of Δ9-THC and potential compresence of another cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), which seems to mitigate Δ9-THC detrimental effects. A growing body of studies begins to suggest that CBD may have not only protective effects against the psychotomimetic effects of Δ9-THC but even therapeutic properties on its own, opening new prospects for the treatment of psychosis. Despite being more limited, evidence of the effects of cannabis on cognition seems to come to similar conclusions, with increasing Δ9-THC exposure being responsible for the cognitive impairments attributed to recreational cannabis use while CBD preventing such effects and, when administered alone, enhancing cognition. Molecular evidence indicates that Δ9-THC and CBD may interact with cannabinoid receptors with almost opposite mechanisms, with Δ9-THC being a partial agonist and CBD an inverse agonist/antagonist. With the help of imaging techniques, pharmacological studies in vivo have been able to show opposite effects of Δ9-THC and CBD also on brain function. Altogether, they may account for the intoxicating and therapeutic effects of cannabis on psychosis and cognition.
Electrophysiological Measurement of Emotion and Somatic State Affecting Ambiguity Decision: Evidences From SCRs, ERPs, and HR

Twenty-three years ago, the Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH) proposed by Damasio was introduced to explain the role of emotion in decision-making, and provided a unique neuroanatomical framework for decision-making and its influence by emotion. The core idea of the SMH is that decision-making is a process that is affected by somatic state signals, including those that express themselves in emotion and feeling. In order to verify the SMH, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was originally designed by Bechara et al. and the skin conductance responses (SCRs) was recorded during the IGT. The initial confirmatory results showed that normal subjects would generate anticipatory SCRs when they received reward or punishment, but patients of the VMPFC lesion entirely failed to generate anticipatory SCRs prior to their selection of a card. With the further development of the SMH–related researches, other electrophysiological methods of measuring somatic state was gradually used to test the SMH, including event-related potentials (ERPs), and heart rate (HR). In this mini review article, we summarize the extant electrophysiological research on the SMH and decision-making under ambiguity, propose an integrative perspective for employing different electrophysiological measurement methods, and indicate the application of electrophysiological measurement based on the SMH in daily social decision-making.