Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Next-to-next-to-leading order calculations for heavy-to-light decays

We present technical aspects of next-to-next-to-leading order calculations for heavy-to-light decays such as top quark decay, semileptonic b quark decay into a u quark, muon decay, and radiative decays like b{yields}s{gamma}. Algebraic reduction of integrals to a set of master integrals is described, methods of determining the master integrals are presented, and a complete list of master integrals is given. As a sample application, the top quark decay width is calculated to O({alpha}{sub s}{sup 2}) accuracy.
Catching NGC 4051 in the Low State with Chandra

We report the results from a Chandra target-of-opportunity observation of the low-luminosity narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4051, obtained during a 6 week duration low-flux state in 2001 February. During the Chandra observation, the 2-10 keV source flux was 7 × 10-12 ergs cm-2 s-1, corresponding to a 2-10 keV luminosity of ~8 × 1040 ergs s-1. We confirm the absence of strong extended soft X-ray emission in NGC 4051 and that the low-state spectrum is dominated by the central point source. The X-ray spectrum has an unusual, hybrid shape, very soft below ~3 keV (and which we model with a blackbody of temperature of 0.14 keV) and very hard at higher energies (power-law slope of Γ ~ 1). The light curves in both soft and hard bands are significantly variable and correlated, implying a connection between hard and soft components and proving that the hard component is dominated by primary continuum emission and is not due to pure reflection from distant cold material. However, a comparison with RXTE data obtained during the same 2001 low state suggests the presence of unusually prominent disk reflection features, which may help to explain the apparent upward curvature and extreme hardness of the Chandra spectrum above a few keV. The shape of the 2001 low-state spectrum is consistent with that observed in a brief (<3 days) low-flux excursion during the source's normal state in 2000 April, suggesting that emission processes during the low state are not significantly different to those in the normal state. The unusual spectral shape observed in the low state may be a continuation to low fluxes of the normal, flux-dependent spectral variability of the source.
Mental Health Impacts of Tornadoes: A Systematic Review

Tornadoes are one of the most prevalent natural hazards in the United States, yet they have been underrepresented in the disaster mental health comprehensive literature. In the current study, we systematically reviewed available scientific evidence within published research journals on tornadoes and mental health from 1994 to 2021. The electronic search strategy identified 384 potentially relevant articles. Of the 384 articles, 29 articles met the inclusion criteria, representing 27,534 participants. Four broad areas were identified: (i) Mental health impacts of tornadoes; (ii) Risk factors; (iii) Protective factors; and (iv) Mental health interventions. Overall, results showed adverse mental health symptoms (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety) in both adult and pediatric populations. A number of risk factors were found to contribute to negative mental health, including demographics, tornado exposure, post-tornado stressors, and prior exposure to trauma. Protective factors found to contribute to positive outcomes included having access to physical, social, and psychological resources. Together, these findings can serve as an important resource for future mental health services in communities experiencing tornadoes.
A semi-analytical computation of the theoretical uncertainties of the solar neutrino flux

We present a comparison between Monte Carlo simulations and a semi-analytical approach that reproduces the theoretical probability distribution functions of the solar neutrino fluxes, stemming from the $pp$, $pep$, $hep$, $^7\mathrm{Be}$, $^8\mathrm{B}$, $^{13}\mathrm{N}$, $^{15}\mathrm{O}$, and $^{17}\mathrm{F}$ source reactions. We obtain good agreement between the two approaches. Thus, the semi-analytical method yields confidence intervals that closely match those found, based on Monte Carlo simulations, and points towards the same general symmetries of the investigated probability distribution functions. Furthermore, the negligible computational cost of this method is a clear advantage over Monte Carlo simulations, making it trivial to take new observational constraints on the input parameters into account.
Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the Global Shortage of Antibiotics

The gonorrhoea caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae remains a major global public health problem with high morbidity. Gonorrhoea can affect both women and men, being more prevalent in sexually active young individuals. Even after infection from N. gonorrhoeae, many patients may remain asymptomatic, making the diagnosis and adequate treatment of the disease difficult. The treatment and control of gonorrhoea have been difficult in recent years in most populations, being an example of how behavioural, social, and demographic factors can influence the epidemiology of an infectious disease. The emergence of strains of N. gonorrhoeae resistant to multiple antimicrobials, especially to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, indicates that gonorrhoea has the potential to become untreatable in the current reality of treatment options, especially in places that have a high prevalence of gonococcal infections. The loss of available and effective treatment options can lead to significant increases in new cases of the disease, as well as increased morbidity and mortality. This review provides an overview of current therapeutic options for gonorrhoea, as well as ongoing experimental studies and clinical trials with new antigonococcal agents.
Black hole spin of Cygnus X-1 determined from the softest state ever observed

We show the softest ever spectrum from Cyg X-1, detected in 2013 with Suzaku. This has the weakest high-energy Compton tail ever seen from this object, so should give the cleanest view of the underlying disk spectrum, and hence the best determination of black hole spin from disk continuum fitting. Using the standard model of a disk with simple non-thermal Comptonization to produce the weak high-energy tail gives a high-spin black hole. However, we get a significantly better fit by including an additional, low-temperature thermal Comptonization component, which allows a much lower black hole spin. Corroboration of the existence of an additional Compton component comes from the frequency-dependent hard lags seen in the rapid variability in archival high/soft state data. These cannot be explained if the continuum is a single non-thermal Comptonization component, but are instead consistent with a radially stratified, multi-zone Comptonization spectrum, where the spectrum is softer further from the black hole. A complex multi-zone Comptonization continuum is required to explain both spectra and timing together, and this has an impact on the derived black hole spin.
Erratum: Modelling the ArH+ emission from the Crab Nebula

We have performed combined photoionization and photodissociation region (PDR) modelling of a Crab Nebula filament subjected to the synchrotron radiation from the central pulsar wind nebula, and to a high flux of charged particles; a greatly enhanced cosmic ray ionization rate over the standard interstellar value, $\zeta_0$, is required to account for the lack of detected [C I] emission in published Herschel SPIRE FTS observations of the Crab Nebula. The observed line surface brightness ratios of the OH$^+$ and ArH$^+$ transitions seen in the SPIRE FTS frequency range can only be explained with both a high cosmic ray ionization rate and a reduced ArH$^+$ dissociative recombination rate compared to that used by previous authors, although consistent with experimental upper limits. We find that the ArH$^+$/OH$^+$ line strengths and the observed H$_2$ vibration-rotation emission can be reproduced by model filaments with $n_{\rm{H}} = 2 \times 10^4$ cm$^{-3}$, $\zeta = 10^7 \zeta_0$ and visual extinctions within the range found for dusty globules in the Crab Nebula, although far-infrared emission from [O I] and [C II] is higher than the observational constraints. Models with $n_{\rm{H}} = 1900$ cm$^{-3}$ underpredict the H$_2$ surface brightness, but agree with the ArH$^+$ and OH$^+$ surface brightnesses and predict [O I] and [C II] line ratios consistent with observations. These models predict HeH$^+$ rotational emission above detection thresholds, but consideration of the formation timescale suggests that the abundance of this molecule in the Crab Nebula should be lower than the equilibrium values obtained in our analysis.
Potential use of high-resolution T2-weighted MRI with histopathologic findings in staging esophageal cancer

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown promising capabilities in diagnosing local esophageal carcinoma. This study investigated the clinical value of high resolution (HR; small field of view and continuous thin section) axial T2-weighted MRI (HR-T2WI) as a noninvasive method for esophageal carcinoma tumor staging (T staging). Methods Forty-two patients with biopsy-proven esophageal cancer were investigated using HR-T2WI. The discrepancies between the esophageal wall layers and tumor tissue were assessed for MRI T staging using a visual MRI signal intensity scale (low, intermediate, and high intensities). The computed tomography (CT) and MRI T staging was compared with whole-mount histopathological sections in all patients who underwent resection. Results HR-T2WI provided a thorough view of the esophageal wall and the tumor’s anatomic layers. Of the 42 patients with histological tumors (HTs), there were 6 cases with tumors classified as HT-1a, 5 cases with HT-1b, 14 cases with HT-2, and 17 cases with HT-3/4, and their MRI T stages were 5 MRI-T1a, 6 MRI-T1b, 14 MRI-T2, and 17 MRI-T3/4, respectively. After analyzing the imaging presentation at different HT staginess, we found that HR-T2WI enabled a more accurate classification than was possible with CT. The difference in accuracy between CT and T2WI was statistically significant (P<0.05) in the entire sample and in HT1–2 tumors and HT3–4 tumors. Conclusions HR-T2WI clearly identified normal esophageal wall layers; it had high diagnostic accuracy when evaluating tumor invasion and in MRI-T staging for esophageal carcinoma. This study established staging criteria of esophageal carcinoma using HR-T2WI and indicated that this approach could be used as a supplemental noninvasive method for the local T staging of esophageal carcinoma.
Assessment of Choroidal Vasculature and Innate Immune Cells in the Eyes of Albino and Pigmented Mice

The visualization of choroidal vasculature and innate immune cells in the eyes of pigmented mice has been challenging due to the presence of a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer separating the choroid and retina. Here, we established methods for visualizing the choroidal macrophages, mast cells, and vasculature in eyes of albino and pigmented mice using cell type-specific staining. We were able to visualize the choroidal arterial and venous systems. An arterial circle around the optic nerve was found in mice similar to the Zinn–Haller arterial circle that exists in humans and primates. Three different structural patterns of choriocapillaris were observed throughout the whole choroid: honeycomb-like, maze-like, and finger-like patterns. Choroidal mast cells were relatively few but dense around the optic nerve. Mast cell distribution in the middle and periphery was different among strains. Macrophages were found in all layers of the choroid. Thus, utilizing the simple and reliable methods described herein will allow the evaluation of transgenic and preclinical mouse models of ocular diseases that affect the choroid, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic choroidopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity. These studies will advance our understanding of the pathophysiology, and molecular and cellular mechanisms that can be targeted therapeutically, in these diseases.
The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG - XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets

We carried out a Bayesian homogeneous determination of the orbital parameters of 231 transiting giant planets (TGPs) that are alone or have distant companions; we employed differential evolution Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to analyse radial-velocity (RV) data from the literature and 782 new high-accuracy RVs obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph for 45 systems over ~3 years. Our work yields the largest sample of systems with a transiting giant exoplanet and coherently determined orbital, planetary, and stellar parameters. We found that the orbital parameters of TGPs in non-compact planetary systems are clearly shaped by tides raised by their host stars. Indeed, the most eccentric planets have relatively large orbital separations and/or high mass ratios, as expected from the equilibrium tide theory. This feature would be the outcome of planetary migration from highly eccentric orbits excited by planet-planet scattering, Kozai-Lidov perturbations, or secular chaos. The distribution of α = a / a R , where a and a R are the semi-major axis and the Roche limit, for well-determined circular orbits peaks at 2.5; this agrees with expectations from the high-eccentricity migration (HEM), although it might not be limited to this migration scenario. The few planets of our sample with circular orbits and α > 5 values may have migrated through disc-planet interactions instead of HEM. By comparing circularisation times with stellar ages, we found that hot Jupiters with a 5 ≲ Q' p ≲ 10 9 , and that stellar Q' s ≳ 10 6 - 10 7 are required to explain the presence of eccentric planets at the same orbital distance. As aby-product of our analysis, we detected a non-zero eccentricity e = 0.104 -0.018 +0.021 for HAT-P-29; we determined that five planets that were previously regarded to be eccentric or to have hints of non-zero eccentricity, namely CoRoT-2b, CoRoT-23b, TrES-3b, HAT-P-23b, and WASP-54b, have circular orbits or undetermined eccentricities; we unveiled curvatures caused by distant companions in the RV time series of HAT-P-2, HAT-P-22, and HAT-P-29; we significantly improved the orbital parameters of the long-period planet HAT-P-17c; and we revised the planetary parameters of CoRoT-1b, which turned out to be considerably more inflated than previously found.
Efficacy and safety of FLOT regimen vs DCF, FOLFOX, and ECF regimens as perioperative chemotherapy treatments for resectable gastric cancer patients; a report from the middle east

Background and purpose: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of perioperative chemotherapy regimens including epirubicin, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (ECF), docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (DCF), leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), and 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) to identify the most effective chemotherapy regimen with less toxicity. Experimental approach: This retrospective cohort study (2014-2021) was based on 152 eligible resectable gastric cancer patients who had received one of the perioperative mentioned chemotherapy regimens and followed for at least two years. The primary endpoint of this study was overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and R0 resection. Findings / Results: Of included patients, 21%, 33.7%, 24.3%, and 21% had received ECF, DCF, FOLFOX and FLOT, respectively. After the median 30-month follow-ups, OS was higher with the FLOT regimen in comparison with other regimens (hazard ratio = 0. 276). The median OS of the FLOT regimen was 39 months. Besides, the median OS was 28, 25, and 21 months for DCF, FOLOFX, and ECF regimens, respectively. Moreover, a median PFS of 24, 18, 17, and 14 months was observed for FLOT, DCF, FOLFOX, and ECF regimens, respectively (Log-rank < 0.001). FLOT regimen showed 84. 4% ORR which was notably higher than other groups. Conclusions and implications: For resectable gastric cancer patients, the perioperative FLOT regimen led to a significant improvement in patients’ OS and PFS versus ECF, DCF, and FOLFOX regimens. As such, the FLOT regimen could be considered the optimal option for managing resectable gastric cancer patients.
Cardioprotective Effect of Taxifolin against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Injury through Decreasing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death, and Activating Nrf2/HO-1 in Mice

Oxidative stress and inflammation are key components in cardiovascular diseases and heart dysfunction. Herein, we evaluated the protective effects of (+)-taxifolin (TAX), a potent flavonoid with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, on myocardial oxidative tissue injury, inflammation, and cell death, using a mouse model of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced acute myocardial injury. Mice were given TAX (25 and 50 mg/kg, orally) for 14 days before receiving two subsequent injections of ISO (100 mg/kg, s.c.) at an interval of 24 h on the 15th and 16th days. The ISO-induced cardiac tissue injury was evidenced by increased serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), along with several histopathological changes. The ISO also induced increased malondialdehyde (MDA) with concomitant declined myocardial glutathione level and antioxidant enzymes activities. Moreover, ISO-induced heart injury was accompained with elevated cardiac NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax, and caspase-3, as well as decreased Bcl-2, Nrf2, and HO-1. Remarkably, TAX reduced the severity of cardiac injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death, while enhancing antioxidants, Bcl-2, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in ISO-injected mice. In conclusion, TAX protects against ISO-induced acute myocardial injury via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and attenuating the oxidative tissue injury and key regulators of inflammatory response and apoptosis. Thus, our findings imply that TAX may constitute a new cardioprotective therapy against acute MI, which undoubtedly deserves further exploration in upcoming human trials.
Dynamics of test particles and pointlike gyroscopes in the brane world and other 5D models

We study the dynamics of test particles and pointlike gyroscopes in 5D manifolds such as those used in the Randall-Sundrum brane world and noncompact Kaluza-Klein models. Our analysis is based on a covariant foliation of the manifold using $(3+1)$-dimensional spacetime slices orthogonal to the extra dimension, and is hence similar to the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner $3+1$ split in ordinary general relativity. We derive gauge invariant equations of motion for freely falling test particles in the 5D and 4D affine parametrizations and contrast these results with previous work concerning the so-called ``fifth force. '' Motivated by the conjectured localization of matter fields on a 3-brane, we derive the form of the classical nongravitational force required to confine particles to a 4D hypersurface and show that the resulting trajectories are geometrically identical to the spacetime geodesics of Einstein's theory. We then discuss the issue of determining the 5D dynamics of a torque-free spinning body in the point-dipole approximation, and then perform a covariant $(3+1)+1$ decomposition of the relevant formulas (i.e., the 5D Fermi-Walker transport equation) for the cases of freely falling and hypersurface-confined point gyroscopes. In both cases, the 4D spin tensor is seen to be subject to an anomalous torque. We solve the spin equations for a gyroscope confined to a single spacetime section in a simple 5D cosmological model and observe a cosmological variation of the magnitude and orientation of the 4D spin.
Diffuse x-rays: directly observing dark matter?

Several independent observations of the galactic core suggest hitherto unexplained sources of energy. We suggest that dark matter in the form of dense antimatter nuggets could provide a natural site for electron and proton annihilation, providing 511 keV photons, gamma rays, and diffuse keV x-ray radiation. We show that identifying dark matter as antimatter nuggets is consistent with the observed emissions, and we make definite predictions about their spectrum and morphology. If correct, our proposal not only identifies dark matter and explains baryogenesis, but also allows x-ray observations to directly probe the matter distribution in our galaxy.
Thermodynamic and gravitational instability on hyperbolic spaces

We study the properties of anti‐de Sitter black holes with a Gauss-Bonnet term for various horizon topologies ( k50,61) and for various dimensions, with emphasis on the less well understood k521 solution. We find that the zero temperature~and zero energy density! extremal states are the local minima of the energy for AdS black holes with hyperbolic event horizons. The hyperbolic AdS black hole may be stable thermodynamically if the background is defined by an extremal solution and the extremal entropy is non-negative. We also investigate the gravitational stability of AdS spacetimes of dimensions D.4 against linear perturbations and find that the extremal states are still the local minima of the energy. For a spherically symmetric AdS black hole solution, the gravitational potential is positive and bounded, with or without the Gauss-Bonnet type corrections, while, when k521, a small Gauss-Bonnet coupling, namely, a! l 2 ~where l is the curvature radius of AdS space! , is found useful to keep the potential bounded from below, as required for stability of the extremal background.
Prognostic Utility of the Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in Urothelial Carcinoma: Outcomes from a Pooled Analysis

Background: Many studies explored the prognostic value of the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) in urothelial carcinoma (UC), but the results are controversial. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between pretreatment mGPS and survival in patients with UC. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science to identify eligible studies published before August 2022. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between pretreatment mGPS and the prognosis of UC. Results: Thirteen eligible studies involving 12,524 patients were included. A high mGPS was significantly associated with poor overall survival (mGPS 1/0: HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.12–1.58, p = 0.001; mGPS 2/0: HR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.43–2.84, p < 0.0001), progression-free survival (mGPS 1/0: HR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.53, p = 0.021; mGPS 2/0: HR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.12–2.77, p = 0.013), recurrence-free survival (mGPS 1/0: HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.18–1.56, p < 0.0001; mGPS 2/0: HR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.44–2.000, p < 0.0001), and cancer-specific survival (mGPS 2/0: HR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.30–2.52, p < 0.0001). A subgroup analysis of OS also yielded similar results. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that high pretreatment mGPS in UC is closely related to poor survival. Pre-treatment mGPS is a powerful independent prognostic factor in patients with UC.
Relativistic many-body calculations of electric-dipole matrix elements, lifetimes, and polarizabilities in rubidium

Electric-dipole matrix elements for ns-n{sup '}p, nd-n{sup '}p, and 6d-4f transitions in Rb are calculated using a relativistic all-order method. A third-order calculation is also carried out for these matrix elements to evaluate the importance of the high-order many-body perturbation theory contributions. The all-order matrix elements are used to evaluate lifetimes of ns and np levels with n=6,7,8 and nd levels with n=4,5,6 for comparison with experiment and to provide benchmark values for these lifetimes. The dynamic polarizabilities are calculated for ns states of rubidium. The resulting lifetime and polarizability values are compared with available theory and experiment.