Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of nutrient management and moisture regime on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during Rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16. Comprised whitsixteen treatments combination formed Viz; four moisture regime, and four nutrient management which were allocated in split plot design with three replications. The four moisture regime I1; 0.6 IW/CPE ratio I2; 0.8 IW/CPE ratio I3; 1.0 IW/CPE ratio and I4; 1.2 IW/CPE ratio were as main plot and four nutrient management 100% RDF through inorganic fertilizers (120:60:40 kg NPK ha), 75% NPK+ 25% N through FYM (90:45:30 kg NPK ha). 50% NPK+ 50% N through FYM (60:30:20 kg NPK ha) (d) 25% NPK+75% N through FYM (30:15:10 kg NPK ha) were kept as sub plots. The growth attributes viz; number of shoots, plant height, dry matter accumulation and yield attributing characters viz, number of grains spike, number of spike m, length of spike, test weight, grain and straw yield, harvest index, nutrients uptake by crop was significantly increased 75% RDF (90:45:30 kg NPK/ha +25% N through FYM along withI4; 1.2 IW/CPE ratio moisture regimewhich was at par with 100% RDF(120:60:40 kg NPK/ha)along with I4; 1.2 IW/CPE ratio moisture regimeand significantly higher over rest of the treatment as well as economics of various treatments were recorded. Moisture regime of 1.0 IW/CPE ratio (5-6irrigations) was found suitable for achieving higher yield of wheat with 75% RDF (90:45:30 kg NPK/ha +25% N through FYM followed by 100% RDF (120:60:40 kg NPK/ha) was found suitable higher growth and yield of wheat crop. On the basis of results obtained, application of 75% RDF (90:45:30 kg NPK/ha +25% N through FYM, nutrient supply system and I4; 1.2 IW/CPE ratio moisture regimefound to be more suitable for higher yield of wheat variety Malviya 234.
Sexual Selection and Larval Performance of Two Species of Red-Eyed Treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas and A. moreletii of the Chiquibul Forest Reserve, Belize.

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Julian C. Lee. No. of pages in text. (121) In species where males do not provide immediate benefits to females in the form of resources or parental care to offspring, adaptive mate choice may be maintained by selection because preferred males sire offspring that are genetically superior. I test the hypothesis that female mating preferences result in enhanced performance of their larvae, owing to genetic variation among sires in two species of red-eyed treefrogs. This variation in males may be manifested as body size or in advertisement call parameters. I examined natural pairing patterns and found that both species display a size-based mating pattern with substantial seasonal effects. In lean years, females mate with males that are larger on average, yet females also seem to favor a constant size ratio of the male relative to her body size. I documented significant call trait variation both within and among males and have evidence to support size-related call traits as indicators of mating success for some properties. Finally, I provide evidence for a pronounced effect of sire size on offspring traits, most notably upon hatching that may have significant post-metamorphic fitness benefits. My study provides data on the basis of female choice and may provide a link between female preference for male traits and enhanced offspring performance by larvae sired by preferred males in the evolution of anuran mating systems.
Effect of feeding soybean straw on Intake and milk Production of Lactating Crossbred Cows.

Madhya Pradesh is also referred as soybean state and thus had a huge production of soybean by-products in addition to the main crop production, which is utilized for oil production. Soybean straw is one of them and on the basis of its huge availability it was incorporated in the diet of crossbred cows and its effect was observed on dry matter intake and milk production. The experiment was conducted on 12 cross bred cows by dividing them into three equal groups as per the completely randomized design on the basis of their milk production. One of the groups was served as control and fed concentrate mixture as per the production requirements (NRC, 2001) and ad-libitum wheat straw. The second and third groups were fed similarly but having replaced their wheat straw with soybean straw at the level of 50 and 75%, respectively. The feeding was continued for a period of three months and dry matter intake and milk production of the crossbred cows was monitored daily. The study indicates that incorporation of soybean straw had no negative effects either on dry matter intake or on the milk production of cross bred cows and thus it may be concluded that the soybean straw may be replaced by wheat straw up to 75% in the diet of cross bred cows for short duration without any adverse effect on animal’s intake as well as on lactation performance.
Response of Aging Laryngeal Muscles to Chronic Electrical Stimulation

Laryngeal muscle dysfunction in the aged contributes to dysphagia and increases the risk of aspiration, factors that lead to higher rates of mortality and morbidity.These changes also compromise voice quality, impairing the ability to communicate and reducing quality of life. We examined how chronic electrical stimulation remodels the aging posterior cricoarytenoid and thyoarytenoid laryngeal muscles.
Influence of the nature of dietary fibre on digestive utilization, some metabolite and hormone profiles and the behaviour of pregnant sows.

Three diets were formulated according to the nature of the fibrous components: a concentrate low fibre diet enriched in starch (diet S, neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) proportionately 0·078 of dry matter (DM)) and two high-fibre diets enriched in either sugar-beet pulp (diet BP, NDF = 0·219 of DM) or wheat bran (diet WB, NDF = 0·187 of DM). In a first experiment, the digestibility of nutrients in these diets were determined using dry sows. In a second experiment, 24 multiparous Large White sows were offered the experimental diets in a 3 x 3 Latin-square design during three 21-day periods over pregnancy in order to evaluate physiological and behavioural effects over the nycthemeral period. On the basis of the first experiment, the daily food supply was adjusted to 2·44, 2·74 and 2-90 kg/day for diets S, BP and WB, respectively, to provide the same amount of metabolizable energy to each treatment. In the hour prior to the meal, the diet effect was nil on plasma levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon and non-esterified fatty acid and limited on cortisol plasma level. After the food delivery, the peak responses of glucose and insulin to the meal were delayed in sows given the BP diet, while their level showed a higher increase for S than for WB and BP diets. Sows offered diet BP spent less time standing than sows offered diet S. The occurrence of non-feeding oral activities over the 45 min following food distribution was significantly reduced with fibrous diets. But no difference appeared during the 45-min period following the end of each meal. It was concluded that the incorporation of beet pulp in the diet was more effective than wheat bran in extending the feeding activity and the absorption of nutrients. The diet effect was limited to the 2 h after the food delivery for these sows given a restricted amount of food.
Do Deregulated Cas Proteins Induce Genomic Instability In Early Stage Ovarian Cancer

Abstract : Increased genomic instability arising from centrosomal amplification has been proposed to be an important factor causing development of traits associated with highly malignant ovarian tumors, including multidrug resistance and increased tendency to metastasis. This proposal addresses the hypothesized interaction between the Cas proteins (HEF1 and p130Cas), Aurora A (AurA) and Ajuba as being likely to contribute to genomic instability and metastatic properties of ovarian tumors. In this proposal, we examine tumor samples to determine if Cas expression, activated AurA, and centrosomal amplification are linked, and whether Cas protein upregulation is associated with a poor prognosis (Aim 1). We examine the mechanism by which Cas proteins activate AurA, and determine if drug-mediated inactivation of AurA inhibits Cas promotion of aneuploidy (Aim 2). We use drug and depletion experiments to determine if centrosome amplification and enhanced cellular metastasis are linked, and dependent on Cas/integrin signaling, or whether these are separable properties; and to evaluate combination of AurA- and integrin- directed therapies (Aim 3). In this annual report, we describe significant process on all Aims that validate the hypothesis of critical AurA-HEF1-Ajuba interactions.
Stories of the Impact on the Family When One Member Has Been Given a Diagnosis of Dementia

Biomedical models of dementia dominate UK policy and practice guidelines but can be criticised for neglecting personal, social and contextual factors. The medicalisation of dementia benefits powerful groups whilst shaping the narratives of people with dementia labels (PwDL) in line with dominant discourses of deficit and loss. Personhood has similarly been criticised for neglecting broader sociocultural factors that pervade the experience of dementia. A more recent movement towards understanding the impact of dementia from a relational focus has been narrowly conceptualised, as research usually only involves one significant other and does not consider the interaction of narrative strategies that family members employ. Taking into consideration the limitations of previous research, this thesis drew upon narrative inquiry using a social constructionist epistemology to interview one family together, including the PwDL, to understand how they have made sense of dementia. By additionally interviewing the family members separately it was possible to explore how the impact of cognitive and functional difficulties has been co-constructed. In this way, it was hoped that the contribution of the family to scaffold or undermine PwDL identity could be discerned. Frank’s (2012) Dialogical Narrative Analysis was adapted to incorporate a systemic lens and was used to analyse interview data. This research suggested that the experience of dementia is shaped by multiple personal, interpersonal and sociocultural factors, which interact to determine the way PwDL and their family members adjust to cognitive and functional changes (Gorska, Forsyth & Maciver, 2017). In addition, a dementia diagnosis may be so threatening for some PwDL that their experiences may be best framed using a trauma lens. Clinical implications concern systemic and narrative approaches which may facilitate PwDL and their families to re-story their experiences, retain “empathic access” (Schechtman, 2003:245) to the past whilst re-defining identity, and maintain family connections. Health-care professionals can also advise policy-makers and the media to challenge dominant discourses around dementia and prevent the marginalisation and potential traumatisation of PwDL. Research implications concern further exploration of ways in which the personal, interpersonal and sociocultural interact by interviewing more families, from diverse backgrounds, over the longer term, and using a trauma lens.
Crop-load effects on vegetative growth, mineral nutrient concentration and leaf water potential in ‘Catherine’ peach

SummaryVariations of crop-load in the peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. ) cv. Catherine by thinning the fruitlets at petal fall affected fruit and vegetative growth of trees. Shoot length, and fresh and dry weight decreased exponentially as the cropping level increased, while the relative increment in trunk girth decreased linearly. Yield increased following a quadratic pattern, while fruit size, measured as mean fruit weight, decreased exponentially as the crop load increased. Mineral element analysis in leaves has shown that Mn concentration decreased linearly with increasing numbers of fruits borne by the tree, both before and after harvest, while the other elements analysed (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn) did not show any variation. Leaf water potential during the time of fruit growth also decreased exponentially as the crop-load increased.
Effects of organic fertilizers on performance of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) grown under protected structure

A study on the effects of vermicomposts and composts on the nutrient status, growth and yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) was conducted to assess the potential of these organic fertilizers in replacing the chemical fertilizer for cauliflower production under protected structure. Three composts and two vermicomposts used were oil palm empty fruit bunches compost (EFBC), chrysanthemum residue compost (CRC), soybean waste compost (SWC), green waste vermicompost (GWV) and vegetable waste vermicompost (VWV). A chemical fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O; 12:12:17) was used as control. The amount of fertilizer applied was calculated based on 180 kg/ha of N. It was observed that VWV and EFBC were comparable to the chemical fertilizer based on their effects on the growth and yield performance of cauliflower. VWV and EFBC showed promising results and can be used to replace chemical fertilizers in fulfilling the nutrient requirements of cauliflower. The yield and curd size of VWV and EFBC treated cauliflower were similar to chemically fertilized plants. Furthermore, curds of VWV treated plants can be harvested 7 days earlier than chemically fertilized plants. The use of compost and vermicompost have positive effects on the growth and crop yield of cauliflower, and have great potential to improve vegetable production in Malaysia.
Development and use of state-and-transition models for rangelands.

State-and-transition models have received a great deal of attention since the introduction of the concept to range management in 1989. Nonetheless, only recently have sets of state-and-transition models been produced thatcan be used by agency personnel and private citizens, and there is little guidance available for developing and interpreting models. Based upon our experiences developing models for the state of New Mexico, we address the following questions: 1) how is information assembled to create site-specific models for entire regions, 2) what ecological issues should be considered in model development and classification, and 3) how should models be used? We review the general structure of state-and-transition models, emphasizing the distinction between changes among communities within states (pathways) that are reversible with changes in climate and "facilitating practices" (e.g. grazing management), and changes among states (transitions) that are reversible only with "accelerating practices" such as seeding, shrub control, or the recovery of soil stability and historical hydrologic function. Both pathways and transitions occur, so these models are complementary. Ecological sites and the climatically-defined regions within which they occur (land resource units) serve as a framework for developing and selecting models. We illustrate the importance of clearly delineating ecological sites to produce models and describe how we have dealt with poorly-delineated sites. Producing specific models requires an understanding of the multiple ecological mechanisms underlying transitions. We show how models can represent and distinguish alternative and complementary hypotheses for transitions. Although there may be several mechanisms underlying transitions, they tend to fall within discrete categories based upon a few, fundamental ecological processes and their relation-ships can be readily understood. A knowledge of mechanisms is closely related to the use of ecological indicators to anticipate transitions. We conclude that models should include 1) reference values for quantitative indicators, 2) lists of key indicators and descriptions of changes in them that suggest an approach to a transition, and 3) a rigorous documentation of the theory and assumptions (and their alternatives) underlying the structure of each model.
Late Quaternary reconstruction of British-Irish Ice Sheet variability through the analysis of deep-water sediments from the Donegal Barra Fan and the Rockall Trough, North Atlantic

During the last glaciation the British Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) extended across the Malin Sea Shelf, between Ireland and Scotland. At its maximum extent, it was grounded at the shelf break delivering sediment to the Donegal Barra Fan (DBF), the southernmost glaciogenic fan of the Northeast Atlantic continental margin. In this study we analyse the highresolution sedimentary record from three cores (greater than 6m long) and sub-bottom profiles from the DBF. The sediment record covers the time of final deglaciation of the last BIIS and the ensuing post-glacial period. Sedimentological analyses, X-radiographs and sediment physical properties of the cores allowed the discrimination of five Chapter 4 Donegal Barra Fan 44 lithofacies. Bioturbated and foraminifera-rich muds are interpreted as hemipelagic and contourite deposits of the current interglacial period. Chaotic and laminated muds, icerafted debris (IRD)-rich layers, laminated sand and mud couplets are characteristic of sedimentation under glacial conditions. These are interpreted as mass transport deposits, plumites and turbidites, and appear to record ice sheet retreat across the shelf. IRD concentrations and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral abundances (NPS%) were calculated and their peaks are interpreted to represent the coldest intervals within the sediment record. At least two such intervals are recorded. Radiocarbon dates constrain these events to the latter part of the last deglaciation, specifically after 18 ka cal. BP. The dated glaciomarine sediments also constrain the timing of the last glacially-derived sedimentation on the slope between 17.8 and 16.8 ka cal. BP. This is interpreted as the last interval of active ice streaming on the Malin Sea shelf with a significant input of meltwater to this area. Following the deglaciation, a specific contourite interval rich in Zoophycos is indicative of the transition between stadial and interstadial conditions. The occurrence of this contourite facies also suggests a restoration of the flow of bottom currents, which previous works suggest were weakened during the glacial period. A peak in IRD concentration and NPS abundance, dating to the Younger Dryas (YD), suggests the presence of floating icebergs in the DBF region. Although the provenance of this ice is still unclear, we suggest a mostly European source based on the fact that these IRD grains appear in general composition very similar to those in the previous peaks.
Evaluation of the Tentative Standard Method for Enteric Virus Concentration From Large Volumes of Tap Water

The continued occurrence of waterborne outbreaks of hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis) and perhaps other viral diseases such as viral gastroenteritis,1-2 as well as the apparent isolation of enteric viruses from drinking water supplies in the US3*4 and elsewhere,5-7 indicate the need for a more thorough and systematic evaluation of the public health problem of virus transmission via drinking water.810 Evaluation of this problem requires the development and utilization of simple and reliable methods to quantitatively detect relatively small numbers of enteric viruses in large volumes of raw and finishing drinking water supplies.11 12 Information on virus levels in drinking water supplies, along with epidemiological information on waterborne viral infection and illness, may make it possible to assess the risk to the public of waterborne viral disease transmission. Research efforts on methods to detect enteric viruses in water have produced two-step microporous filter adsorption-elution methods that are sometimes
Microsatellite and ITS sequence variation in wild species and cultivars of pea.

Previous investigations by our laboratory (1, 2) have applied the nucleotide sequence variation found in ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions to the systematic analysis of closely related pea taxa, in part due to the high rate of evolutionary change characterizing these DNA regions (3). No attempt was made to infer evolutionary relationships among the 65 taxa, however, given the relatively few informative sites available to the analysis. Despite a paucity of data, several observations could be made respecting the overall level of genetic variation found across the genus and the topological relationships established among the selected groups of taxa. These include: 1) very close genetic affinities throughout Pisum, with P. fulvum exhibiting the greatest degree of genetic divergence based upon the data examined; 2) support for P. fulvum, northern P. humile and southern P. humile as distinct taxonomic categories; 3) the independent evolution of a pea chromosomal translocation; 4) the assignment of JI1794 as a “northern” P. humile; and 5) inconsistent taxonomic assignments for JI241, JI198, JI1398, JI1096 and JI2055. The data were unable to resolve the very close systematic relationships among P. elatius, P. abyssinicum and P. sativum.
A mechanistic model for understanding invasions: using the environment as a predictor of population success

Aim We set out to develop a temperature‐ and salinity‐dependent mechanistic population model for copepods that can be used to understand the role of environmental parameters in population growth or decline. Models are an important tool for understanding the dynamics of invasive species; our model can be used to determine an organism’s niche and explore the potential for invasion of a new habitat.
Habitat and weather are weak correlates of nestling condition and growth rates of four UK farmland passerines

Agricultural intensification is believed to have driven declines of farmland bird populations and the invertebrates and weeds on which they feed. We investigated whether habitat and weather, as surrogates for food availability, influenced nestling growth rates and condition of four farmland passerines (Skylark Alauda arvensis, Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, Linnet Carduelis cannabina and Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella). We also tested whether nestling growth rates or condition influenced whether a brood subsequently fledged, starved or was depredated. Linnet nestlings are fed almost exclusively on seeds, and were unaffected by weather. Nestlings of the other species are fed mainly invertebrates and were affected negatively by rain but positively by increasing minimum temperatures and daily hours of sunshine. Condition and growth rates of Linnet nestlings were lower in nests further from oilseed-rape fields, rape seeds being important in the diet of this species. Nestlings of the other three species were unaffected by availability of habitats selected by parents foraging for nestling food. Brood fate was not influenced by growth rates or condition for any species. Most models explained little variation in the response variable. Possible reasons, including the possibility that parents trade off their own survival prospects to ensure reproductive success, are discussed.