Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monazite geochronology of UHP and HP metamorphism, deformation, and exhumation, Nordøyane, Western Gneiss Region, Norway

Abstract U-Th-Pb monazite geochronology is combined with previous structural analysis and quantitative estimates of metamorphic conditions to date the thermotectonic evolution of UHP and HP plates (820 °C, 39 kbar; 780 °C, 18 kbar) metamorphosed during the Late Silurian-Early Devonian collision between Baltica and Laurentia. The Upper Plate contains a microdiamond-bearing, kyanitegarnet- graphite gneiss and associated kyanite eclogites, independently indicating probable diamond-forming conditions. In situ dating of monazite in the microdiamond sample, using the SHRIMP II at the Geological Survey of Canada, yielded ages of 415 ± 6.8 Ma for those included in garnet and 398 ± 6 Ma for those in the matrix. These ages compare to 408.0 ± 5.6 and 397.5 ± 4.4 Ma determined using the electron microprobe at the University of Massachusetts. Both methods also identified complexly zoned detrital cores up to 150 micrometers in diameter with ages of 1100-950 Ma and scattered grains with ages of 900-500 Ma, but no ages of 1680-1650 Ma equivalent to the local Baltica basement were found. Agreement between the two techniques allowed evaluation of monazite age domains (198 analyses) from the microdiamond rock and a kyanite-garnet-sillimanite mylonite produced from it, using a combination of high-resolution element imaging and trace-element analysis of U, Th, Pb, and Y. This comparison yielded three mean ages of 407.0 ± 2.1 Ma, 394.8 ± 2.3 Ma, and 374.6 ± 2.7 Ma. Combining this geochronology with previous P-T estimates, we propose that the UHP unit reached its maximum depth of 125 km, at a maximum age of 407 Ma when monazite was included in garnet, and experienced 65 km of exhumation at an average rate of 10.9 mm/year during top-southeast thrusting that brought it into contact with the HP unit. Following these events, both units were exhumed together at an average rate of 3.8 mm/year until reaching a depth of 37 km at 395 Ma, where these rocks experienced extensive re-equilibration, and top-west and left-lateral shearing. After 395 Ma, these units continued to be exhumed at an average rate of 0.8 to 1.4 mm/year until 375 Ma, the time of last equilibration of asymmetric monazite porphyroclasts in the mylonite. The exhumation histories of these units record a change in mechanism from syncollisional exhumation through late- to post-orogenic collapse that was a consequence of plate reorganization
Elevated CO2 Can Improve the Tolerance of Avena sativa to Cope with Zirconium Pollution by Enhancing ROS Homeostasis

Zirconium (Zr) is one of the toxic metals that are heavily incorporated into the ecosystem due to intensive human activities. Their accumulation in the ecosystem disrupts the food chain, causing undesired alterations. Despite Zr’s phytotoxicity, its impact on plant growth and redox status remains unclear, particularly if combined with elevated CO2 (eCO2). Therefore, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that eCO2 can alleviate the phytotoxic impact of Zr upon oat (Avena sativa) plants by enhancing their growth and redox homeostasis. A complete randomized block experimental design (CRBD) was applied to test our hypothesis. Generally, contamination with Zr strikingly diminished the biomass and photosynthetic efficiency of oat plants. Accordingly, contamination with Zr triggered remarkable oxidative damage in oat plants, with concomitant alteration in the antioxidant defense system of oat plants. Contrarily, elevated levels of CO2 (eCO2) significantly mitigated the adverse effect of Zr upon both fresh and dry weights as well as the photosynthesis of oat plants. The improved photosynthesis consequently quenched the oxidative damage caused by Zr by reducing the levels of both H2O2 and MDA. Moreover, eCO2 augmented the total antioxidant capacity with the concomitant accumulation of molecular antioxidants (e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids). In addition, eCO2 not only improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) but also boosted the ASC/GSH metabolic pool that plays a pivotal role in regulating redox homeostasis in plant cells. In this regard, our research offers a novel perspective by delving into the previously unexplored realm of the alleviative effects of eCO2. It sheds light on how eCO2 distinctively mitigates oxidative stress induced by Zr, achieving this by orchestrating adjustments to the redox balance within oat plants.
The Key Associated Factor of the Emergence of the Dengue Vector in Peri-Urban and Rural Settlements

Introduction: The population density of Aedes mosquitoes is a risk factor for dengue in endemic areas. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the risk factors for mosquito vector emergence in settlements. This study aimed to determine the key factors associated with the occurrence and population density of dengue vectors in peri-urban and rural settlements. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two dengue-endemic villages, Bergas-Kidul and Gebugan, representing peri-urban and rural settlements, respectively. A cluster-based larval survey was conducted in the dengue-case house and in 18–20 houses around a radius of 100 m. All water containers and their characteristics and mosquito larvae emergence were recorded in each house to calculate Aedes indices. The geographic coordinates, altitude, air temperature, and humidity were mapped and analyzed using GIS and SPSS software. Results and Discussion: Dengue vectors were found in peri-urban and rural with HI, CI, BI, and DF indices of 29.3%, 32.2%, 35.4, 6.0; then 12.2%, 14.3%, 14.6, and 3.0, respectively. In peri-urban areas, larval occurrence was associated with air temperature, air humidity, container type, and open microhabitat, whereas in rural areas, it was associated with only open microhabitat. Conclusion: The Aedes indices represent a high density of mosquito populations, and the existence of open microhabitats is the key factor for larval occurrence in both peri-urban and rural settlements. Community participation in vector control needs to be increased in addition to studying the resistance of Aedes mosquitoes to a number of insecticide groups.
Centenarians in the United States

This report focuses on the characteristics of those people identified as centenarians in the 1990 Census of Population and Housing for the United States. While its purpose is not to provide the definitive answer to the number of people aged 100 or above in 1990 this report does give a range of estimates. Information is provided on educational status marital status poverty status disability nativity geographical distribution international comparisons data quality issues and past census counts. (EXCERPT)
Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Fe3Al Coating on Grey Cast Iron Prepared via Direct Energy Deposition

In this study, the potential of Fe3Al coating material as an environmentally friendly alternative to coatings containing critical elements for brake discs was investigated. A buffer layer of Cr–Mo steel (Ferro 55) that was about 500 µm thick was applied on a gray cast iron disc to enhance the coating quality and prevent the formation of hot cracks during solidification. The microstructural analysis of the cross-section of the coating showed that the buffer layer diffused into the Fe3Al coating, forming a combination of Fe3Al, Fe, and Fe3AlC0.5 phases. The tribological properties of the Fe3Al-coated disc were evaluated using pin-on-disc tests against two different copper-free friction materials extracted from commercial brake pads. The wear results show a coefficient of friction comparable to that of an uncoated disc (≈0.55), but with a reduction in particulate matter (PM) emissions, which decreased from 600 to 476 #/cm3. The last issue is an interesting aspect that is gaining increasing importance in view of the upcoming international standards.
The Role of Insulin Resistance in the Development of Complications after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and insulin resistance indices on the immediate results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Method. Patients with coronary artery disease who underwent CABG (n = 383) were examined to determine glycemic status, free fatty acid and fasting insulin levels, and insulin resistance indices (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), McAuley index, Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), Revised-QUICKI). Patients were assessed for the development of perioperative complications and their length of stay in the hospital. Two groups were formed: group 1, patients with a combined endpoint (CEP, any complication and/or duration of hospital stay >10 days), n = 291; and group 2 (n = 92) without a CEP. Perioperative characteristics were analyzed, and predictors of hospital complications and prolonged hospital stay were evaluated. Results. Patients in the CEP group were older, and there were more women among them (p = 0.003). Additionally, in this group, there were more patients with diabetes mellitus (37.5% vs 17.4%, p < 0.001), obesity (p < 0.001), and a higher percentage of combined operations (p = 0.007). In the group with a CEP, the levels of glucose (p = 0.031), glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.009), and free fatty acids (p = 0.007) and the Revised-QUICKI (p = 0.020) were higher than in the group without complications. In a regression analysis, the independent predictors of complications were combined operations (p = 0.016) and the predictors of a long hospital stay (>14 days) were female gender, the left atrium size, and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001). The predictors of a composite endpoint included female gender, age, the left atrium size, and free fatty acid levels (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In the group with in-hospital complications after CABG, not only was the presence of diabetes mellitus more often detected, but there were also higher levels of free fatty acids and a higher Revised-QUICKI. Therefore, additional assessments of insulin resistance and free fatty acid levels are advisable in patients before CABG.
Etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): Role of genetic and environmental factors

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been known to be related closely to genetic factors. Higher prevalence of AIS among individuals with family history of scoliosis suggesting critical roles of genetic in the pathogenesis of AIS. However, evidence also suggested that environmental factors such as latitude and sun exposure also play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease. While genetic factors played an important role in the occurrence of AIS, environmental factors are more likely to affect the progression of the disease. Although the pathogenesis of AIS remains elusive, current knowledge suggests that genetic factors and its interaction with environmental factors are crucial in the development of the disease, explaining differences in clinical characteristics of AIS across the globe. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of genetic and environmental factors contributing to AIS and their interactions.
The northward march of summer low cloudiness along the California coast

A new satellite‐derived low cloud retrieval reveals rich spatial texture and coherent space‐time propagation in summertime California coastal low cloudiness (CLC). Throughout the region, CLC is greatest during May–September but has considerable monthly variability within this summer season. On average, June is cloudiest along the coast of southern California and northern Baja, Mexico, while July is cloudiest along northern California's coast. Over the course of the summer, the core of peak CLC migrates northward along coastal California, reaching its northernmost extent in late July/early August, then recedes while weakening. The timing and movement of the CLC climatological structure is related to the summer evolution of lower tropospheric stability and both its component parts, sea surface temperature and potential temperature at 700 hPa. The roughly coincident seasonal timing of peak CLC with peak summertime temperatures translates into the strongest heat‐modulating capacity of CLC along California's north coast.
Prevalence of Neck, Shoulder, and Lower Back Pain and the Associated Factors Among Jazan Residents, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Background: Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is a frequent and prevalent condition. This study aims to determine the prevalence of neck, shoulder, and low-back pain among Jazan residents and investigate the associated factors for MSP. Method: A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire-based study was conducted among Jazan residents in the Jazan region. A total of 1,238 persons were selected by convenient type sampling. Descriptive statistics, a Chi-squared test, and logistic regression were performed to examine MSP’s prevalence, association, and predictors. Results: The overall lifetime prevalence of neck, shoulder, or low-back pain among both genders was 958 (77.4%). Neck pain was reported by 574 (46.4%) in the 12 months prior to the study and by 841 (67.9%) over the lifetime prior to the survey. Regarding shoulder pain, it was reported by 637 (51.5%) in the 12 months prior to the study and 799 (64.5%) over the lifetime prior to the study. Regarding low-back pain, it was reported by 684 (55.3%) in the 12 months prior to the study and 981 (79.2%) over the lifetime prior tothe study. Female gender has reported a higher prevalence of pain than males. Factors associated with the risk of MSP include consumption of coffee (p-value 0.022), duration of time spent on electronic devices with neck pain (p-value 0.039) and depression on low-back pain (p-value 0.031). Sports activity, was shown to have a protective effect. Conclusion: The prevalence of NSLBP pains was high, as nearly half of the participants experienced each. In this study, the most prominent risk factors for NSLBP are coffee consumption, Psychosomatic symptoms, and various physical activities like swimming. Keywords: Prevalence, musculoskeletal pain, low-back pain, neck pain, shoulder pain
Errors And Problems Faced by The Students in Practicing Consecutive Interpreting

This research aims to analyze the errors and problems faced by the students in practicing English to Indonesian consecutive interpreting. This study is conducted in an interpreting class of six semester English Letters students of IAIN Surakarta. This study was conducted to know the students’ types of errors and problems in practicing consecutive interpreting. This is a descriptive-qualitative research. It presents the data with a content analysis method. This research uses documentation, error validation, and interviews to answer the research questions. The data were gained by collecting the students’ performance videos in practicing consecutive interpreting and establishing interviews to get additional information. The results showed that among 159 errors, which were occurred during the students’ performances, the errors can be classified into 8 types. They are errors in non-conservation of paralinguistic features, omission, distortion, inadequate language proficiency, literal translation, addition, register conservation, protocol, procedure and ethics. The non-conservation paralinguistic features are the most frequent error with 57 occurrences (35.8%) and the least common error found is protocol, procedure and ethics with 2 occurrences (1.3%). Those errors were caused by the students’ problems. The results show that there are 8 types of problems faced by the students, including nervosity, English proficiency, lack of practice, interpretation partner, classmates, time pressure, confidence and public speaking skills. Overall, the students need more practice and knowledge, especially in English proficiency and need guidance in solving their problems to improve their interpretation skills.
Fauna of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Broad-leaved Forests of the Republic of Mordovia (Central European Russia)

The fauna of Carabidae adults in broad-leaved forests of the Republic of Mordovia (central European Russia) was studied. A total of 18210 ground beetle specimens of 104 species (8 subfamilies) were collected. The most numerous species were eight species: Carabus cancellatus, Pterostichus niger, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Limodromus assimilis, Calosoma inquisitor, Carabus granulatus, Pterostichus melanarius, Carabus arvensis. The basis of the Carabidae fauna consists of 25 species with high occurrence (50% and higher). Among them, four species are characterized by 100% occurrence: Carabus granulatus, Carabus hortensis, Pterostichus niger, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus.
Clinical Performance of a New Trifocal IOL with a 7.0 mm Optical Zone

Purpose To evaluate the refractive and visual outcomes following cataract surgery and implantation of a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) with a 7.0 mm optical zone. Methods A total of 23 patients who underwent bilateral implantation with the Triva-aXAY IOL were analyzed at 6 months post-surgery. The main outcome measures were refractive error, monocular and binocular uncorrected and corrected-distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA), uncorrected and corrected-distance intermediate visual acuity (UIVA, CDIVA) at 60 cm, uncorrected and corrected-distance near visual acuity (UNVA, CDNVA) at 40 cm, and binocular defocus curve. Patients also completed the Catquest-9SF questionnaire. Results All eyes were within ±1.00D, and 91.30% of eyes within ±0.50D, with a mean postoperative spherical equivalent of –0.14±0.29D. Similarly, 95.65% of patients showed a binocular UDVA ≥20/25, compared to 100% for CDVA, and the mean binocular UDVA and CDVA were 0.02±0.06 and 0.00±0.05 logMAR, respectively. At intermediate vision, 65.22% of patients showed a binocular UIVA ≥20/25, compared to 86.96% for CDIVA, and the mean binocular UIVA and CDIVA were 0.07±0.06 and 0.06±0.06 logMAR, respectively. At near, 95.65% of patients showed a binocular UNVA and CDNVA ≥20/25, with a mean binocular UDNVA and CDNVA of 0.04±0.07 and 0.02±0.05 logMAR, respectively. Finally, 95.65% of patients reported being quite satisfied to very satisfied with their vision and about 74% did not report any difficulty with their vision in their everyday life. Between 65.22% and 100% of patients reported no difficulty performing different tasks. Conclusion Our study shows good visual and refractive outcomes with high satisfaction in patients implanted with the Triva-aXAY IOL with a 7.0 mm optical zone.
Helminths of Gonatodes hasemani and Pseudogonatodes guinanensis (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Brazil, South America

G hasemani Griffin, 1917 is known from southwestern Amazonia in Brazil, eastern Peru and northern Bolivia (Uetz et al., 2010). An isolated population exists in forest along the Rio Xingu south of Altimira as well collected by LJV in 1985 and deposited in the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo (MZUSP), Brazil. Pseudogonatodes guianensis Parker, 1935 occurs in Amazonian Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela (Uetz et al., 2010). We know of no helminth records for these species. The purpose of this note is to establish the initial helminth lists for G. hasemani and P. guinanensis as part of an ongoing investigation of helminth distribution in Neotropical lizards.
Stratigraphic and Provenance Data from the Upper Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous Kahiltna Assemblage of

Upper Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous marine sedimentary strata of the Kahiltna assemblage occur on the suture between the allochthonous Wrangellia composite terrane and the former Mesozoic continental margin of North America. The Kahiltna assemblage crops out in a northeast-southwesttrending belt that is about 800 km long and about 200 km wide in southern Alaska. Most previous studies described these strata as a monotonous, highly deformed “flysch” suc cession. We have measured a series of stratigraphic sections in the Kahiltna assemblage along a traverse from the south contact in the Clearwater and Talkeetna Mountains to the north contact in the Alaska Range. Our data suggest that the thousands of meters of Upper Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous strata which has been grouped together as the Kahiltna assemblage in south-central Alaska may actually represent several different sedimentary basins. Proximal-distal lithofacies trends along the southern part of our traverse in the Clearwater and Talkeetna Mountains indicate deposition by predominately mud rich submarine-fan systems that transported sediment northwestward. Locally, adjacent to the Wrangellia composite terrane, the Kahiltna assemblage consists of proximal submarine-fan conglomerate and sandstone. Compositional data from proximal conglomerates in this area show a dominance of volcanic (greenstone) and sedimentary clasts that probably reflect unroofing of the Wrangellia composite terrane carried in the hanging wall of the nearby Talkeetna thrust fault. Proximal-distal lithofacies trends in the Kahiltna assemblage along the northern part of our traverse suggest deposition by gravel- and sand-rich submarine-fan systems that transported sediment southwestward. Pebble-boulder conglomerates of the Alaska Range are dominated by sandstone, chert, and granitic clasts indicative of a source terrane rich in sedimentary and plutonic rocks. Possible source terranes for the Kahiltna assemblage of the Alaska Range are Paleozoic continental-margin strata north of the Denali Fault system. The Kahiltna assemblage of the Alaska Range is separated from the Kahiltna assemblage of the Clearwater and Talkeetna Mountains by a large thrust block of Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata known as the Chulitna terrane. Upper Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous sedimentary strata, also mapped in previous studies as the Kahiltna assemblage, crop out in the Chulitna terrane. These strata are characterized by massive black shale, chert, and inplace fossiliferous limestone that are distinct from lithofacies of the Kahiltna assemblage of the Talkeetna Mountains and Alaska Range. We interpret the lithofacies of the Chulitna terrane as representing deposition on a bathymetric high relative to submarine-fan lithofacies of the Kahiltna assemblage in the Talkeetna Mountains and Alaska Range.
Job Satisfaction among Vocational High School Teachers by Demographics Factors In Educational Institutions

Objective: Job satisfaction is an essential factor that needs attention from leaders in educational institutions. If teachers in educational institutions have job satisfaction, this will impact their job performance. This study analyzes job satisfaction from demographic factors of age, gender, tenure, and marital status of vocational high school teachers in Surabaya. Method: This study used quantitative methods. This research was conducted in educational institutions, especially in vocational high schools. The subjects of this study used 160 vocational high school teachers in Surabaya. The sampling technique used convenience. The data analysis technique used an independent sample t-test. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in job satisfaction by demographic elements consisting of age, tenure, gender, and marital status. Results: The results of this study indicate that teachers who are more than 35 years of age have higher satisfaction, teachers who have more than five years of tenure have higher job satisfaction, female teachers have higher job satisfaction than male teachers, and married teachers have higher job satisfaction than unmarried teachers. Novelty: Previous research has studied the impact of job satisfaction, but to researchers' knowledge, more research is needed to study job satisfaction from demographic factors in vocational high school teachers. Therefore, this topic is interesting to study, considering that demographic factors are a point of view that is rarely used to study individual variables.