Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal simulation of the transition from ballooning to ion temperature gradient mode turbulence in the tokamak edge

The transition from resistive ballooning to ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode turbulence in the tokamak edge is studied in three dimensions using the electrostatic reduced Braginskii equations with ion temperature dynamics. In contrast to most previous simulations of plasma edge turbulence, which assume the parameters (density, temperature, collisionality, etc.) to be constant in space and time (local approximation), a realistic spatial variation and the nonlinear dependence of the parameters on the fluctuating quantities is taken into account. The influence of nonlocal effects is studied by a scan in the ratio of profile to turbulence scale length. For a large ratio, good agreement between local and nonlocal results on the ITG mode and ballooning turbulence is found. With increasing nonlocality, however, the anomalous transport is more and more suppressed. For the ITG mode, the turbulence quench is due to a decrease of the linear growth rate, while for the ballooning mode a novel, inherently nonlocal s.
Hopf Bifurcation with S 3 -symmetry

The aim of this paper is to study Hopf bifurcation with S3-symmetry assuming Birkho normal form. We consider the standard action of S3 on R 2 obtained from the action of S3 on R 3 by permutation of coordinates. This representation is absolutely irreducible and so the corresponding Hopf bifurcation occurs on R 2 R 2 . Golubitsky, Stewart and Schaeer (Singularities and Groups in Bifurcation Theory: Vol. 2. Applied Mathematical Sciences 69, Springer-Verlag, New York 1988) and Wood (Hopf bifurcations in three coupled oscillators with internal Z2 symmetries, Dynamics and Stability of Systems 13, 55-93, 1998) prove the generic existence of three branches of periodic solutions, up to conjugacy, in systems of ordinary dieren tial equations with S3-symmetry, depending on one real parameter, that present Hopf bifurcation. These solutions are found by using the Equivariant Hopf Theorem. We describe the most general possible form of a S3 S 1 -equivariant mapping (assuming Birkho normal form) for the standard S3-simple action on R 2 R 2 . Moreover, we prove that generically these are the only branches of periodic solutions that bifurcate from the trivial solution.
Stellar convection theory. III - Dynamical coupling of the two convection zones in A-type stars by penetrative motions

Anelastic modal equations are used to examine thermal convection occurring over many density scale heights in the entire outer envelope of an A-type star, encompassing both the hydrogen and helium convectively unstable zones. Single-mode anelastic solutions for such compressible convection display strong overshooting of the motions into adjacent radiative zones. Such mixing would preclude diffusive separation of elements in the supposedly quiescent region between the two unstable zones. Indeed, the anelastic solutions reveal that the two zones of convective instability are dynamically coupled by the overshooting motions. The nonlinear single-mode equations admit two solutions for the same horizontal wavelength, and these are distinguished by the sense of the vertical velocity at the center of the three-dimensional cell. The upward directed flows experience large pressure effects when they penetrate into regions where the vertical scale height has become small compared to their horizontal scale. The fluctuating pressure can modify the density fluctuations so that the sense of the buoyancy force is changed, with buoyancy braking actually achieved near the top of the convection zone, even though the mean stratification is still superadiabatic. The pressure and buoyancy work there serves to decelerate the vertical motions and deflect them laterally, leading to strongmore » horizontal shearing motions. Thus the shallow but highly unstable hydrogen ionization zone may serve to prevent convection with a horizontal scale comparable to supergranulation from getting through into the atmosphere with any significant portion of its original momentum. This suggests that strong horizontal shear flows should be present just below the surface of the star, and similarly that strong horizontal shear flows should be present just below the surface of the star, and similarly that the large-scale motions extending into the stable atmosphere would appear mainly as horizontal flows. « less
Mean-periodic functions associated with the Dunkl operators

In this work, we consider the Dunkl operator on the real line , defined for by A C ∞-function f on , is said to be mean-periodic function associated with the Dunkl operator 𝒟 k if there exists a nonzero distribution μ on with compact support such that where * k denotes the convolution associated with the Dunkl operator 𝒟 k . We characterize the solutions of these equations and we study the expansion of a mean-periodic function in series with respect to appropriate exponential monomials. Finally, we give some applications.
A simple formula for the effective complex conductivity of periodic fibrous composites with interfacial impedance and applications to biological tissues

This paper presents a simple analytical expression for the effective complex conductivity of a periodic hexagonal arrangement of conductive circular cylinders embedded in a conductive matrix, with interfaces exhibiting a capacitive impedance. This composite material may be regarded as an idealized model of a biological tissue comprising tubular cells, such as skeletal muscle. The asymptotic homogenization method is adopted, and the corresponding local problem is solved by resorting to Weierstrass elliptic functions. The effectiveness of the present analytical result is proved by convergence analysis and comparison with finite-element solutions and existing models.
The 1018 meV (W or I1) vibronic band in silicon

Uniaxial-stress and magnetic field perturbations confirm that the 'W' zero-phonon line, produced in crystalline silicon by radiation damage, occurs between spin-singlet, nondegenerate orbital states at a trigonal centre. The authors show that the excited state of the W line undergoes strong stress-induced interactions with both non-degenerate and doubly degenerate orbital states lying about 30 meV to higher energy. Although this is the major stress perturbation, there is negligible vibronic interaction of the excited states, and the vibronic properties of the W band are explained in terms of simple relaxation involving perturbed lattice modes. The one observed local vibrational mode of the centre has Si isotope effects consistent with its involving only Si atoms. The stress data are used to show that the series of W-like bands produced by bombarding Si with inert-gas ions may be W centres perturbed by the strain of a nearby inert-gas atom.
Search for Important Weak Interaction Nuclei in Presupernova Evolution

A search is made for the most important electron captures and beta-decays after core silicon burning in massive stars. A nuclear statistical equilibrium code is used to compute isotopic abundances. Electron capture and beta-decay rates are estimated for the 150 most abundant isotopes in a simplified fashion which generally includes the strongest transitions. These estimates are made for nuclei in the fp-shell and use techniques similar to Fuller, Fowler, & Newman (1982a), and are compared to them. The general behavior of the rate of change of Y(sub e) is examined. These methods are then used to follow a typical stellar trajectory, seeking the most important weak interactions during the formation of the iron core. Ranked lists of nuclei are given, to prioritize more detailed studies on individual nuclei. Beta-decays are found to ben an important modification to the evolution below the rate of change of Y(sub e) approx. = 0.46 as the core approaches a state of dynamic equilibrium between electron captures and beta-decays.
Dynamic and spectroscopic characteristics of atmospheric gliding arc in gas-liquid two-phase flow

In this study, an atmospheric alternating-current gliding arc device in gas-liquid two-phase flow has been developed for the purpose of waste water degradation. The dynamic behavior of the gas-liquid gliding arc is investigated through the oscillations of electrical signals, while the spatial evolution of the arc column is analyzed by high speed photography. Different arc breakdown regimes are reported, and the restrike mode is identified as the typical fluctuation characteristic of the hybrid gliding arc in air-water mixture. Optical emission spectroscopy is employed to investigate the active species generated in the gas-liquid plasma. The axial evolution of the OH (309 nm) intensity is determined, while the rotational and vibrational temperatures of the OH are obtained by a comparison between the experimental and simulated spectra. The significant discrepancy between the rotational and translational temperatures has also been discussed.
Some effects of point defects on the vibrations of crystal lattices

The presence of point defects or disorder in a crystal can profoundly alter the character of the normal modes of vibration of the crystal, and consequently those crystalline properties in which the lattice vibrations play the dominant role. In this article the elements of the dynamical theory of imperfect crystals are presented. Both time-independent and time-dependent properties of imperfect crystals are discussed. The theory of the scattering of lattice waves by point defects is outlined, and a discussion of the dynamical properties of impurity centres with internal degrees of freedom is given. Finally, the use of symmetry and group theory in the simplification of lattice dynamical defect problems is described.
AVALIAÇÕES ANATÔMICAS DAS FIBRAS DA MADEIRA DE Parkia gigantocarpa DUCKE

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as dimensoes das fibras da madeira de Parkia gigantocarpa Ducke e suas relacoes para producao de polpa celulosica. Para a determinacao das dimensoes das fibras foram amostradas tres arvores de um plantio experimental aos 14 anos de idade e coletados discos, sem casca, na base da arvore, a 25, 50, 75 e 100% da altura comercial. Dos discos foram extraidos os corpos de prova. Procedeu-se o preparo de lâminas com o material macerado, coloridas com solucao aquosa de safranina a 1%. As fibras foram medidas atraves do programa Olympus MicroSuite (TM) - Basic (Software for Imaging Applications). Em cada amostra, foram tomadas 30 medidas de comprimento, largura e diâmetro do lume. As fibras da madeira de Parkia gigantocarpa apresentaram, em media, comprimento de 1,63 mm; largura de 48,40 ? m; diâmetro do lume de 37,52 ? m; espessura da parede de 5,44 ? m. Os indices obtidos foram: indice de Runkel - 0,29; fracao parede - 22,47%; coeficiente de flexibilidade - 77,53%; e indice de enfeltramento - 33,67. A especie apresentou otimos resultados para as propriedades anatomicas avaliadas, demonstrando o seu potencial para ser utilizada na producao de polpa celulosica.
Nonresonant Mode Coupling for Classes of Korteweg-de Vries Equations

The method of mode coupling in third order is applied to generalized Korteweg-de Vries equations. These equations contain terms which are each a product of a function of the dependent variable u times one space derivative of u , up to a derivative of the fifth order. The resulting amplitude and phase equations are then specialized to three different classes of equations. For equations of the first class the amplitudes do not change, although all modes are coupled for the determination of the phases. For equations of the second class, all amplitude equations are truly coupled and the phases are constant. Finally, for equations of the third class, which includes the KdV equation, each mode behaves as if it were the only one present, so that only self-modulation is possible.
KOJE VRSTE SLIKOVNOG SADRŽAJA DESTINACIJE NA DRUŠTVENIM MEDIJIMA POTIČU ANGAŽIRANOST POTROŠAČA? KVAZIEKSPERIMENTALNA ANALIZA

: The aim of this paper was to determine how different image contents of tourism destinations affect different sub-processes of consumer engagement. For this purpose, in the first step, a qualitative research was conducted by the method of content analysis to analyse 4,103 images of national tourism organizations of Spain and Italy published on social media – Facebook and Instagram. The results of this analysis showed which categories of image content these destinations most often publish on their social media. From these categories, the image contents that represented stimuli in the quasi-experiment were selected. A total of 508 respondents in the Republic of Croatia participated in the quasi-exper - iment. The analysis found that there are statistically significant differences between different categories of image content and consumer engagement. The results obtained by this research significantly contribute to the analysis of consumer engagement in the context of tourism, especially since the quasi-experimental method that was applied is rarely used in such research. In addition, some practical guidelines have been obtained for professionals managing the marketing of tourist destinations
Shannon Entropy as a Measurement of the Information in a Multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock Wavefunction

Discrete Shannon entropy is applied to describe the information in a multiconfiguration Dirac—Fock wavefunction. The dependence of Shannon entropy is shown as enlarging the configuration space and it can reach saturation when there are enough configuration state wavefunctions to obtain the convergent energy levels; that is, the calculation procedure in multiconfiguration Dirac—Fock method is an entropy saturation process. At the same accuracy level, the basis sets for the smallest entropy are best able to describe the energy state. Additionally, a connection between the sudden change of Shannon information entropies and energy level crossings along with isoelectronic sequence can be set up, which is helpful to find the energy level crossings of interest in interpreting and foreseeing the inversion scheme of energy levels for an x-ray laser.
Experimental evidence on cooperation and coordination in forest and endangered species conservation in China

The growing prevalence of livestock as an alternative or complementary livelihood strategy has become a growing threat to wildlife and forest ecosystems in China. To achieve the dual objectives of biodiversity conservation and rural development requires cooperation and coordination from local communities. However, relatively little is known about the prevalence of these social attitudes in rural China, nor the extent to which cooperation and coordination could be leveraged for the enhanced natural resource management. In this study, we used a series of experimental games to study the propensity for cooperation in the management of common property resources among rural communities in national panda nature reserves in Gansu and Sichuan provinces. We also explored how variations in socioeconomic factors may explain differences in participants' voluntary contribution patterns. Our results show that expected cooperation among peers was a major determinant of voluntary cooperation under the provision point mechanism but not the voluntary contribution mechanism. The risk in the collective returns reduced the chance for voluntary cooperation while the private risk did not show a significant effect. Other socioeconomic factors contributed little to the voluntary cooperation behaviors. Our study suggests that alleviating uncertainty of rural resident's income could enhance collective action in endangered species conservation. A cooperative with support from the government to lower the potential risk in returns could be effective in managing the livestock number and promote sustainable livelihoods around protected areas.
COORDINATION WITHOUT ORGANIZATION: COLLECTIVE LABOR SUPPLY IN DECENTRALIZED SPOT MARKETS

In developing countries, the individuals that participate in the same localized market often share social ties—creating scope for collective behaviors that can generate market power. We test whether large groups of decentralized workers implicitly cooperate to prevent downward pressure on wages, using a field experiment with existing employers in 183 local labor markets in rural India. Only 1.8% of agricultural workers are willing to accept jobs below the prevailing wage despite high unemployment, but this number jumps to 26% when this choice is not observable to other workers—indicating substantial distortion in the aggregate labor supply curve. In contrast, social observability does not affect labor supply at the prevailing wage. In addition, workers are willing to pay to sanction those who accept wage cuts. Consistent with aggregate implications, measures of social cohesion correlate with downward wage rigidity and its unemployment effects across India. In line with our experimental evidence, sellers in other decentralized spot market settings in India and Kenya state they would be unwilling to adjust prices downwards, and would face strong social and economic repercussions if they do so. In developing countries, market power may be more widespread than previously believed. JEL Codes: O12, J22, J43, J50, O17, E24, D71 Date: This Version: June 9, 2022. We thank Lauren Falcao Bergquist, Leonardo Bursztyn, Lucas Coffman, Stefano DellaVigna, Ernst Fehr, Andrew Foster, Pat Kline, Michael Kremer, and Jeremy Magruder for helpful comments and conversations. Arnesh Chowdhury, Shreoshee Mukherjee, Piyush Tank, Medha Aurora, and Sayan Kundu provided terrific research assistance. We also thank Kristina Hallez and Abigail Powers for editorial assistance. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation (Grant #1658937), the Agricultural Technology Adoption Initiative, and the Institute for Research on Labor and Employment (UC Berkeley). The project was registered in the AEA RCT Registry, ID 0001290. A previous version of this paper was circulated under the title “Scabs: The Social Suppression of Labor Supply”. Department of Economics, Harvard University; NBER; JPAL. ‡Department of Economics, University of California Berkeley; NBER; JPAL. †Analysis Group. COLLECTIVE LABOR SUPPLY IN DECENTRALIZED SPOT MARKETS 1
HIGH-FREQUENCY MOBILE INPUT RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM (HF-MIRA) APPLIED TO FORCES ACTING ON A DAMPED LINEAR MECHANICAL SYSTEM

Abstract The direct measurement of mobile input forces in the high-frequency range is often impossible in many mechanical systems. In this paper, an algorithm for the reconstruction of a mobile input based on a parametric model of a system and on its response to the unknown input is proposed and validated. To apply the algorithm, the system must be described in terms of models of discrete poles and zeros. A simple damped mechanical system with complex behavior (constrained layer damped dual beam) identified with an ARMAX (autoregressive moving average with external input) model was used in this study. The output signals used in the algorithm validation phase were estimated with a custom procedure or narrow- and broadband mobile input forces.
Rapid Design, Microstructures, and Properties of Low-Cost Co-Free Al-Cr-Fe-Ni Eutectic Medium Entropy Alloys

In this study, we establish a mathematical rule for accelerating the prediction of low-cost Co-free AlCraFebNic FCC/B2-structured eutectic medium entropy alloys (EMEAs). The mathematical formulas are c ≥ 1.0, 4.38a + 4.28b + 3.97c ≈ 20.55, and c − a ˃ 1.0. With this rule, we successfully predict the AlCr1.18FeNi2. 8 and AlCrFe1.46Ni2. 5 eutectic alloys and verify their eutectic morphology by experiments. Both the AlCr1.18FeNi2. 8 and AlCrFe1.46Ni2. 5 EHEAs exhibit excellent compressive mechanical properties, with yield stress higher than 500 MPa, compressive fracture strength higher than 2450 MPa, and fracture strain > 40%, which can be attributed to their unique lamellar microstructure. Moreover, both alloys exhibit good corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. Among them, the AlCr1.18FeNi2. 8 EHEA exhibits better corrosion resistance due to the higher content of the FCC phase.
Integrated Infectious Disease and Substance Use Disorder Care for the Treatment of Injection Drug Use–Associated Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study With Historical Control

Abstract Background To address the infectious disease (ID) and substance use disorder (SUD) syndemic, we developed an integrated ID/SUD clinical team rooted in harm reduction at a county hospital in Miami, Florida. The Severe Injection-Related Infection (SIRI) team treats people who inject drugs (PWID) and provides medical care, SUD treatment, and patient navigation during hospitalization and after hospital discharge. We assessed the impact of the SIRI team on ID and SUD treatment and healthcare utilization outcomes. Methods We prospectively collected data on patients seen by the SIRI team. A diagnostic code algorithm confirmed by chart review was used to identify a historical control group of patients with SIRI hospitalizations in the year preceding implementation of the SIRI team. The primary outcome was death or readmission within 90 days post–hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included initiation of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and antibiotic course completion. Results There were 129 patients included in the study: 59 in the SIRI team intervention and 70 in the pre-SIRI team control group. SIRI team patients had a 45% risk reduction (aRR, 0.55 [95% confidence interval CI, .32–.95]; 24% vs 44%) of being readmitted in 90 days or dying compared to pre-SIRI historical controls. SIRI team patients were more likely to initiate MOUD in the hospital (93% vs 33%, P < .01), complete antibiotic treatment (90% vs 60%, P < .01), and less likely to have patient-directed discharge (17% vs 37%, P = .02). Conclusions An integrated ID/SUD team was associated with improvements in healthcare utilization, MOUD initiation, and antibiotic completion for PWID with infections.
Enabling Young People’s Involvement in Research: Principles for a Family Youth Alcohol and Other Drug Program Evaluation

We developed principles drawn from empowerment and realist evaluation theories to guide a family youth alcohol and drug program evaluation, before reflecting on our experience to develop additional principles for future work. The research team included the program clinician and an independent researcher. A purposive sample of young people and one parent took part in interviews. The principles we applied include practical and transformative elements: a collaborative, multidisciplinary team; valuing client perspectives; diffusing power; the belief that programs aim to achieve positive results; capacity building; and sharing information for personal benefit. Additional principles were having young people on collaborative research teams, addressing organizational readiness to embed young people’s involvement in research, accounting for gatekeepers in recruitment processes, and using information communication technology. While principles should be flexibly applied at project level, they can guide project design and encourage the development of organizational systems that support collaborative inquiry.
Relativistic Kinetic Theory of a Simple Gas

A consistent relativistic theory of transport processes in a simple gas is developed. The approach is the four‐dimensional geometric one due to Synge. Scalar and vector eigenfunctions of the linearized collision operator are derived when the scattering cross section is a simple separable function of scattering angle and relative velocity (Maxwellian particles). The bulk viscosity and thermal conductivity are computed explicitly for this case.