Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new wall-law for adverse pressure gradient flows and modification of k-omega type RANS turbulence models

We present an attempt to improve the predictive accuracy of RANS turbulence models for low-speed flow separation on airfoils and wings near stall. It is based on a proposal for a new wall-law for the mean velocity in the inner layer of a turbulent boundary layer at adverse pressure gradient. The wall-law is a composite law with a log-law in the inner part and a half-power (or sqrt-) law in the outer part of the inner layer. The wall law is calibrated using a large experimental database. The slope coefficient for log-law and sqrt-law and the wall distance for transition between them depends on the pressure gradient parameter. We describe the corresponding wall law for the turbulent viscosity and for k and omega in k-omega RANS turbulence models. We propose a modification for the k- and omega-equation such that the wall law for the inner layer is satisfied. We apply the modified SST model to a new turbulent boundary layer experiment and to airfoil flows near maximum lift at different Reynolds numbers. The modification leads to a reduction of the skin-friction coefficient in the adverse pressure gradient region and causes an upstream shift of the separation line.
Sex differences in associations of comorbidities with incident cardiovascular disease: focus on absolute risk

Abstract Aim To examine sex differences in associations of obesity, type-2 diabetes, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation (AF) with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), focusing on absolute risk measures. Methods and results We included a total of 7994 individuals (mean age 49.1 years; 51.2% women) without prior CVD from the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease) cohort with a median follow-up of 12.5 years. Using Poisson regression, we calculated the increase in absolute as well as relative CVD risk associated with a comorbidity using incidence rate differences (IRD = IRcomorbidity−IRno-comorbidity) and incidence rate ratios (IRR = IRcomorbidity/IRno-comorbidity), respectively. Sex differences were presented as women-to-men differences (WMD = IRDwomen−IRDmen) and women-to-men ratios (WMR = IRRwomen/IRRmen). Absolute CVD risk was lower in women than in men (IRwomen: 6.73 vs. IRmen: 14.58 per 1000 person-years). While increase in absolute CVD risk associated with prevalent hypertension was lower in women than in men [WMD: −6.12, 95% confidence interval: (−9.84 to −2.40), P = 0.001], increase in absolute CVD risk associated with prevalent obesity [WMD: −4.25 (−9.11 to 0.61), P = 0.087], type-2 diabetes [WMD: −1.04 (−14.36 to 12.29), P = 0.879] and AF [WMD: 18.39 (−39.65 to 76.43), P = 0.535] did not significantly differ between the sexes. Using relative risk measures, prevalent hypertension [WMR: 1.49%, 95% confidence interval: (1.12–1.99), P = 0.006], type-2 diabetes [WMR: 1.73 (1.09–2.73), P = 0.019], and AF [WMR: 2.53 (1.12–5.70), P = 0.025] were all associated with higher CVD risk in women than in men. Conclusion Increase in absolute risk of developing CVD is higher in hypertensive men than in hypertensive women, but no substantial sex-related differences were observed among individuals with obesity, type-2 diabetes and AF. On a relative risk scale, comorbidities, in general, confer a higher CVD risk in women than in men.
Indoor Regional People Counting Method Based on Bi-Motion-Model-Framework Using UWB Radar

In this letter, we propose a people counting method based on bi-motion-model-framework (BMMF) using ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) radar. Because different people motion states (people standing still or moving) in indoor environments lead to significant fluctuations of the received radar signal, it will confuse the results of different cases and degrade the estimation accuracy of the people counting methods. Herein, we first attempt to extract the motion features, including activation index (AI), connected regions (CRs), and energy of frames (EoF), to distinguish the motion states of people. Then, we use the probabilistic model (PM) method or convolutional neural network (CNN) method to predict the number of people for the classified motion state model. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the PM-based and CNN-based methods without considering the motion states influences.
Latent analysis of the relationship between burnout experienced by Chinese preschool teachers and their professional engagement and career development aspirations

ABSTRACT There are limited studies involving the relationship between preschool teachers’ job burnout and their professional engagement and career development aspirations. This study classified latent profiles according to job burnout indices for Chinese preschool teachers and examined the characteristics of each profile and how they affect professional engagement and career development aspirations. A cluster sample of 1000 preschool teachers (54 males and 946 females; average age = 30.93, SD = 9.91) was recruited to complete questionnaires regarding job burnout, professional engagement and career development aspirations. Results indicated that preschool teachers’ job burnout can be divided into four latent classes: 1) low burnout (9%); 2) exogenous burnout (42%); 3) endogenous burnout (44%) and 4) high burnout (5%). The demographic variables such as gender, marital status, working years, preschool location and job category have a significant impact on the potential categories of preschool teachers’ job burnout. Furthermore, the four categories of job burnout show significant differences in the level of professional engagement and career development aspirations and its dimensions, except the leadership aspiration dimension.
Grasping Users' Awareness for Environments from their SNS Posts

: Overtourism has a negative impact on tourist sites all over the world. Serious problems are environmental issues, such as littering, caused by the rush of too many visitors. It is important to change people’s mindset to be more environmentally aware for improving this situation. In particular, if we can ﬁnd people with a high awareness about environments, we can work e ﬀ ectively to promote eco-friendly behavior by taking them as the start. However, grasping individual awareness is inherently di ﬃ cult. For this challenge, we utilize SNS data, which are available in large volume, with a hypothesis that people’s subconsciousness inﬂuences their posts. In this paper, we address two research topics for grasping such awareness. First, we propose a classiﬁcation task, in which a system is given users’ SNS posts about tourist sites, and classiﬁes them into types of their focuses. Experimental results show widely-used classiﬁers can solve the task at about 0.84 of accuracy using our created dataset. Second, we investigate the relation of the focuses and such awareness with a questionnaire survey targeting over 2,700 people, and show that users’ awareness inﬂuences focuses of SNS posts with both of a statistical analysis and an analysis using real-world data.
Classification of Event-Related Potentials with Regularized Spatiotemporal LCMV Beamforming

The usability of EEG-based visual brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) based on event-related potentials (ERPs) benefits from reducing the calibration time before BCI operation. Linear decoding models, such as the spatiotemporal beamformer model, yield state-of-the-art accuracy. Although the training time of this model is generally low, it can require a substantial amount of training data to reach functional performance. Hence, BCI calibration sessions should be sufficiently long to provide enough training data. This work introduces two regularized estimators for the beamformer weights. The first estimator uses cross-validated L2-regularization. The second estimator exploits prior information about the structure of the EEG by assuming Kronecker–Toeplitz-structured covariance. The performances of these estimators are validated and compared with the original spatiotemporal beamformer and a Riemannian-geometry-based decoder using a BCI dataset with P300-paradigm recordings for 21 subjects. Our results show that the introduced estimators are well-conditioned in the presence of limited training data and improve ERP classification accuracy for unseen data. Additionally, we show that structured regularization results in lower training times and memory usage, and a more interpretable classification model.
Exploring the Vertical Charrette as an Alternative to Traditional Service-Learning

This paper highlights a collaborative, intercollegiate vertical design charrette that illuminates the potential of short-term service opportunities. Interior design students from two major universities collaborated with a community partner over a 4-hour design charrette to produce preliminary design solutions for an expansion of the partner’s residential community farm that houses adults with special needs. Student participants were at varying points in their college careers, and the vertical nature of the charrette experience facilitated extensive peer-to-peer learning. Little research to date has documented the potential of design charrettes as service opportunities. This experience challenges the notion of traditional service-learning as a sustained experience and posits that short-term experiences combined with diverse stakeholder groups can create equally valuable outcomes for both student learners and community partners. Further, including students of all levels in the design program led to organic, student-driven knowledge building throughout the charrette. In this way, students benefited not only from the service aspect of the charrette experience but also from the opportunity to collaborate with peers from another institution, resulting in increased agency over their own learning.
Feasibility and Efficacy of a Virtual Reality Game-Based Upper Extremity Motor Function Rehabilitation Therapy in Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Study

Background: The objective of the present study was to develop a virtual reality protocol based on activities of daily living and conventional rehabilitation, using Leap Motion Controller to improve motor function in upper extremity rehabilitation in stroke patients. At the same time, the purpose was to explore its efficacy in the recovery of upper extremity motor function in chronic stroke survivors, and to determine feasibility, satisfaction and attendance rate; Methods: A prospective pilot experimental clinical trial was conducted. The outcome measures used were the grip strength, the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), the Block and Box Test (BBT), the Short Form Health Survey-36 Questionnaire, a satisfaction questionnaire and attendance rate; Results: Our results showed statistically significant changes in the variables grip strength, BBT and ARAT as well as high levels of satisfaction and attendance; Conclusions: This virtual reality platform represents an effective tool in aspects of upper extremity functionality rehabilitation in patients with chronic stroke, demonstrating feasibility and high levels of attendance and satisfaction.
Changes in Liver Steatosis Using Controlled Attenuation Parameter among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Treated with Direct-Acting Antivirals Therapy Who Achieved Sustained Virological Response

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces hepatic steatosis due to viral and host factors. However, information regarding the effects of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) therapy on liver steatosis and fibrosis is limited. Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) with a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) represents a non-invasive method, which has been used in the last few years for the detection of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis before and at a sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12). The aim of this study was to assess the modifications of liver steatosis and fibrosis in HCV-infected patients who achieved SVR12. Consecutive patients with chronic HCV infection that were treated with DAAs in a tertiary gastroenterology center from Romania were included. Demographics, laboratory data, and VCTE evaluation were recorded in all patients. Patients with previous hepatic decompensation and those who did not achieve SVR were excluded. Two hundred and eighty patients (67.1% females) who achieved SVR12 were included. Regarding the changes in biological parameters, including liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), reduced to normal levels at SVR12 compared to the baseline (28.72 ± 24.71 U/L vs. 40.72 ± 27.34 U/L for ALT, p < 0.013 and 27.21 ± 11.15 U/L vs. 33.35 ± 23.37 U/L for AST, p = 0.029). On the contrary, the levels of triglycerides increased significantly from the baseline to SVR12 (124.03 ± 113.49 mg/dL to 153.78 ± 94.53, p = 0.004). Regarding hepatic steatosis by CAP evaluation, at SVR12, 186 (66.4%) of the individuals had a CAP score of ≥248 dB/m, an increase of 4.6% from the baseline. After viral eradication with DAAs, we observed an increase in hepatic steatosis. Hence, a long-term follow-up is mandatory to identify HCV-infected patients with hepatic steatosis post-SVR and the risk factors for more severe outcomes.
Capital Structure and Share Liquidity in Latin America: A Panel Data Approach

The objective of this study was to analyze the existence of a relationship between stock liquidity and capital structure of publicly traded companies in Latin America, specifically Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, between 2011 and 2018. For data analysis, the panel data methodology was used, selected from the pooled data models, fixed effects and random effects. The Presence, Trading Volume, and Liquidity Index on the stock exchange were used as dependent variables. Indebtedness Index, Size, Tangibility, Market to Book, and ROA were the independent variables used. The results indicate a positive relationship between size and future expectation of the firms, measured through the Market to Book, and all liquidity indicators on the stock exchange. Regarding the presence on the stock exchange, there was a negative relationship with indebtedness, tangibility, and level of profitability of the analyzed companies.
The effect of healthy lifestyle behaviours on smoking among university students

ABSTRACT Purpose The current study was conducted in order to determine the effect of healthy lifestyle behaviors on smoking university students. Material and Method The cross-sectional study was composed of a population of 8,054 students studying at five different faculties of Gumushane University. In the research, 921 students were reached by Convenience sampling method. The data were collected using a personal identification form, the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale–II (HLBS-II), and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Mean, percentage, the independent samples t-test, the Chi-square test, and regression analysis were utilized to assess the data. Results The smoking prevalence among the students was found to be 28%. It was determined that the HLBS-II mean score of the students was 128.22 ± 24.89. The FTND mean score was 2.64 ± 2.42. It was found that HLBS-II and the subscale mean score of smoking students was lower than those who did not smoke. Additionally, socio-demographic characteristics of the smoking students had an effect of 30.7% on the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence status. Conclusion Through the results of the present study, it was determined that students with a high level of healthy lifestyle behaviors smoked less and had lower levels of smoking addiction.
Primiparous women differ from multiparous women after early discharge regarding breastfeeding, anxiety, and insecurity: A prospective cohort study

INTRODUCTION Breastfeeding and factors influencing breastfeeding are essential when considering the association between parity and neonatal and maternal morbidity risks when mothers are discharged within 24 hours after birth. However, there is a lack of studies examining the effect of parity and breastfeeding in a setting where all healthy mothers are recommended discharge four hours after birth. Therefore, this study examined the association between parity and the time for discharge, breastfeeding, and factors influencing breastfeeding. METHODS The study was designed as a prospective cohort study. Data were obtained from questionnaires at one and at six weeks after birth, and combined with registered data. All 147 included mothers were healthy, with an uncomplicated birth and a healthy newborn, discharged within 24 hours after birth. RESULTS This study documented that primiparous women had a higher relative risk (RR=2.62; 95% CI: 1.35–5.10) of having doubts about infant feeding after discharge than multiparous women. Furthermore, 54% of primiparous women contacted the maternity ward after discharge compared to 27% of multiparous women. Twice as many primiparous than multiparous women felt anxious or depressed at one and at six weeks after birth. Finally, the study documented that 13% of primiparous women and 5% of multiparous women discharged within six hours after birth perceived the time before discharge to be too short. CONCLUSIONS Primiparous women differ from multiparous women regarding breastfeeding, insecurity, and anxiety. Special attention towards primiparous women and a follow-up strategy that allows the mothers to contact the maternity ward after early discharge is recommended.
Prevalence and molecular characteristics of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from retail chicken meat sold at the modern and traditional markets in Jakarta, Indonesia

The use of antibiotics in veterinary and human treatment can cause the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria for β-lactam antibiotics. Worldwide, this resistance has become a growing concern in public health. Limited data are currently available regarding Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli in Indonesia. The current study determined the prevalence and characteristics of ESBL genes of E. coli in retail chicken meat and humans in Indonesia. Two hundred eighty retail chicken meat were randomly collected from various modern and traditional markets in Jakarta (70 retail sourced chicken meat from modern markets and 210 from traditional markets). The prevalence of E. coli from the chicken meat sold at traditional markets was 97.14%, which was significantly higher than those of the modern markets with 78.57 % (P < 0.05). The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from chicken meat sold at traditional market was 40.47% and the modern market was 35.71 % and the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from chicken meat was 38.09 %, which is significantly higher than those of the clinical sample (with average 5.57 %). The most predominant gene is blaTEM in 54.54 % as a single gene or mixed with other genes followed by blaCTX-M in 44.31 % and blaSHV gene was only found in three isolates in 1.13 %. This study found that isolates from both the broiler chicken meat and clinical samples were having the same molecular characteristics. It is speculated that there is a relationship between them. However, this needs to be substantiated further.
The Influence of Cousin Order and Cousin Group Size on Educational Outcomes

Despite growing interest in the potential influence of grandparents on grandchild status attainment, research has not addressed whether the ordinal position or number of grandchildren affects outcomes. We apply siblingand cousin-fixed effects analyses to Swedish population data to examine how cousin order and cousin group size influence grade point average (GPA) percentile rank at the end of compulsory school. We study cohorts born 1972-2003 (N=1,591,979). In cousin fixed effects analyses, second-born, fifth-born, and tenth or later born maternal cousins achieve GPA ranked scores 1.04, 2.17, and 4.97 percentile points lower than first-born cousins, respectively. Amongst paternal cousins the differences relative to the first-born cousin are 0.02, 0.46, and 1.86 percentile points lower, respectively—suggesting the greater influence of the mother’s extended family. In further analyses we examine whether an arguably exogenous shock to cousin group size, a twin birth to an aunt or uncle, has any impact on GPA percentile rank. Instrumental variable analyses indicate that an increase in maternal cousin group size has a statistically significant negative effect on GPA rank, lowering GPA rank in percentile points by 0.27, but an increase in paternal cousin group size does not negatively affect GPA rank.
Sex-Specific Associations Between Serum Phosphate Concentration and Cardiometabolic Disease: A Cohort Study on the Community-Based Older Chinese Population

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between sex-specific baseline serum phosphate and the incidence of new-onset cardiometabolic disease in a cohort of Shanghai-based older Chinese individuals. Patients and Methods A community cohort of 5000 disease-free Chinese men and women was recruited in 2013 and followed until 2017 for the development of cardiometabolic disease. Participants underwent index and follow-up health screens at the Tongji Medical School affiliated Shanghai East Hospital, including blood biochemistry analysis, anthropometric measurements, interview on health-related behaviors, and clinical evaluation. Results Higher baseline serum phosphate (>1.25 mmol/L) was significantly associated with new-onset type-2 diabetes mellitus (HR 1.730, 95% CI 1.127–2.655) and metabolic syndrome (HR 0.640, 95% CI 1.085–2.155) in women. Baseline serum phosphate was associated with age, BMI, waist circumference, SBP, total calcium, bicarbonate, and total cholesterol in women. The estimated risk of developing diabetes mellitus in women with inorganic phosphate >1.25 mmol/L was 14.54%. Inorganic phosphate accounted for 9.2% of the variance explained in a total estimated 14.52% of variance attributed to BMI, total cholesterol, total calcium, waist circumference, and inorganic phosphate. Conclusion Serum phosphate concentration showed sex-specific associations with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Higher inorganic phosphate was associated with increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus in women. These findings may be important in the assessment of individualized metabolic risk.
Temporal and spatial patterns in the shifting of otter diet to invasive prey after river damming

River damming promotes profound changes in aquatic biodiversity, including the facilitation of biological invasions, with subsequent impacts on native communities. The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is a generalist aquatic predator that often incorporates new prey types when they become available. We studied the short‐ and long‐term effects of river damming on the trophic ecology of the otter across a riverine landscape gradient, from the flooded area to upstream tributaries, focusing on the largest artificial lake of Western Europe. Through the analysis of otter feces (spraints), we describe otter diet composition in 14 sites at different distances from the impounded area in three periods: (i) the pre‐filling phase (i.e., lotic conditions); (ii) the immediate filling phase; and (iii) 16 years after the dam closure. The diet of the otter drastically shifted in the short term, from being dominated by native cyprinids to being mainly composed of invasive species of fish and crayfish. In the long term, the number of invasive species consumed by the otter continued to increase while native fish completely disappeared as prey near the reservoir. Presumably, the construction of the dam generated clear spatial gradients of abundances of native and invasive fish species. These patterns arose in the short term but became accentuated in the long term and were mirrored in otter diet composition. Our results demonstrate the potential of otter diet analyses as a surrogate for the impacts of human alterations on aquatic ecosystems, including those of river damming and the associated facilitation of biological invasions.