Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The present and the future of random signal radars

The 30+ year development of random signal radar (RSR) is described in this paper. Conventional methods of implementing RSRs are summarized: correlation, spectrum analysis, and anti-correlation. Some typical RSR systems are introduced; for example: noise frequency modulation continuous wave radar; and random binary phase-coded continuous wave radar, and their merits and demerits are also pointed out. Finally, the development trends of RSR is analyzed.
Research on Unregulated Emissions from an Alcohols-Gasoline Blend Vehicle Using FTIR, HPLC and GC-MS Measuring Methods

Unregulated emissions have become an important factor restricting the development of methanol and ethanol alternative alcohols fuels. Using two light-duty vehicles fuelled with pure gasoline, gasoline blend of 10% and 20% volume fraction of ethanol fuels, gasoline blend of 15% and 30% volume fraction of methanol fuels, New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) emission tests were carried on a chassis dynamometer according to ECE R83-05. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) were used to measure methanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylene, propylene, 1,3-butadiene and isobutene emissions in the exhaust during the NEDC. The test results show that the methods of the integration of FTIR instantaneous values and the chemical analysis of bag sampling can both accurately measure formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzene and toluene emissions in the vehicle exhaust. Comparing the instantaneous emissions and average emissions during the driving cycle of major pollutants, the good consistency of FTIR, HPLC and GC-MS measuring methods has been verified. The emissions deviations of various measurement methods are in the range of ± 10%. During the first acceleration condition, the instantaneous emissions of methanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene, propylene and 1,3-butadiene have the highest peak. Then with the three-way catalyst lights off, the emissions values gradually reduce to nearly zero and remain until the end of the driving cycle. As the alcohols proportion increasing in the fuel, CO2 emissions in the exhaust remain basically the same, HC, CO and CH4 emissions decrease slightly, NOX emissions increases slightly, unburned methanol, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions increase proportionally, benzene, toluene, ethylene, propylene, 1,3-butadiene and isobutene emissions decrease. CITATION: Zhang, F. , Wang, J., Tian, D. , Wang, J. et al., "Research on Unregulated Emissions from an Alcohols-Gasoline Blend Vehicle Using FTIR, HPLC and GC-MS Measuring Methods," SAE Int. J. Engines 6(2):2013, doi: 10.4271/2013-01-1345. ____________________________________ 1126 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROTECTED BY U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT It may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, distributed or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means. Downloaded from SAE International by Global Technology Library Demo, Wednesday, July 31, 2013 11:40:30 AM
“How
 dare
 you?!”: A self‐verification perspective on how performance influences the effects of abusive supervision on job embeddedness and subsequent turnover

Higher-performing employees are extremely important to organizations due to their superior contribution to unit performance and vaulted value within their teams. In turn, they espouse higher work-specific self-worth (WSSW) evaluations that influence how they react to abusive supervision. Taking a self-verification perspective, we theoretically explain how performance (through
Saturating Nonlinearities of Contrast Response in Human Visual Cortex

Response nonlinearities are ubiquitous throughout the brain, especially within sensory cortices where changes in stimulus intensity typically produce compressed responses. Although this relationship is well established in electrophysiological measurements, it remains controversial whether the same nonlinearities hold for population-based measurements obtained with human fMRI. We propose that these purported disparities are not contingent on measurement type and are instead largely dependent on the visual system state at the time of interrogation. We show that deploying a contrast adaptation paradigm permits reliable measurements of saturating sigmoidal contrast response functions (10 participants, 7 female). When not controlling the adaptation state, our results coincide with previous fMRI studies, yielding nonsaturating, largely linear contrast responses. These findings highlight the important role of adaptation in manifesting measurable nonlinear responses within human visual cortex, reconciling discrepancies reported in vision neuroscience, re-establishing the qualitative relationship between stimulus intensity and response across different neural measures and the concerted study of cortical gain control. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Nonlinear stimulus–response relationships govern many essential brain functions, ranging from the sensory to cognitive level. Certain core response properties previously shown to be nonlinear with nonhuman electrophysiology recordings have yet to be reliably measured with human neuroimaging, prompting uncertainty and reconsideration. The results of this study stand to reconcile these incongruencies in the vision neurosciences, demonstrating the profound impact adaptation can have on brain activation throughout the early visual cortex. Moving forward, these findings facilitate the study of modulatory influences on sensory processing (i.e., arousal and attention) and help establish a closer link between neural recordings in animals and hemodynamic measurements from human fMRI, resuming a concerted effort to understand operations in the mammalian cortex.
A meta-analysis comparing the composition and quality differences between chicken meats produced under the free-range and conventional systems

SUMMARY Inconsistent results about the effects of free-range and conventional systems on economic carcase characteristics and the chemical composition of chicken meat have been reported. Free-range chicken meat has been presumably known as more nutritious and healthier than conventionally meat products so it has become highly present in the marketplace. In this study, due to an extensive systematic review plus meta-analysis, the effect of conventional and free-range rearing systems on meat quality and carcase traits has been evaluated based on thirty-nine included studies. A high level of heterogeneity was seen among studies, therefore, statistical analyses of random-effect models have been conducted to calculate summary statistics for the standardised effect size of the difference between free-range and conventional rearing systems. As a result, free-range significantly influenced abdominal fat yield, meat yellowness, protein and fat content of breast meat. However current meta-analysis showed that free-range had no significant negative effect on carcase weight, breast yield, leg yield, initial/ultimate pH, meat redness, cooking loss, drip loss, water holding capacity, and ash. In addition, two subset analyses according to sex (male, female and both sexes) and comparison type (slow-growing, fast-growing) clarified a part of sources of heterogeneity. Eventually, this study reported conclusive results that free-range significantly increased meat-related traits typically yellowness and protein of breast meat and conversely decreased abdominal fat yield and fat content of breast meat. In conclusion, free-range meat products can be characterised by different appearances due to the lower proportion of abdominal fat and yellower breast meat, also healthier and more nutritious because of lower fat concentration and higher protein content.
Indoor Radon Survey in 120 Schools Situated in Four Districts of the Punjab Province — Pakistan

An indoor radon survey has been carried in 120 schools situated in four districts of the Punjab province, namely Attock, Chakwal, Jhelum, and Rawalpindi. In each season, a total of 360 CR-39-based radon detectors were installed in the selected schools. After exposure the detectors were etched in 6M NaOH at 80°C solution for 16 h and tracks densities, which are related to the radon concentration, were measured. Indoor radon concentration varied from 18 ± 7 to 168 ± 5 Bq·m-3 with an average value of 52 ± 9 Bq·m-3. High indoor radon concentration values were found in the summer season, whereas lower values were recorded in autumn season. The mean annual radon effective dose equivalent was estimated to be 0.49 mSv per year. Present indoor radon concentration values are higher than that of the world average value of 40 Bq·m-3, but lower than the action level recommended by the ICRP.
To Purge or Not to Purge? An Individual-Level Quantitative Analysis of Elite Purges in Dictatorships

Abstract Why do dictators purge specific elites but not others? And why do dictators purge these elites in certain ways? Examining these related questions helps us understand not only how dictators retain sufficient competence in their regimes to alleviate popular and foreign threats, but also how dictators nullify elite threats. Dictators are more likely to purge first-generation elites, who are more powerful because they can negotiate their role from a position of strength and possess valuable vertical and horizontal linkages with other elites. Further, dictators tend to imprison purged first-generation elites – rather than execute, exile or simply remove them – to avoid retaliation from other elites or the purged elite continuing to sow discord. We find empirical support for our predictions from novel data on autocratic elites in 16 regimes from 1922 to 2020.
Relationship between Pavement Roughness and Distress Parameters for Indian Highways

AbstractThe present study demonstrates the relationships between pavement roughness and distress parameters like potholes, raveling, rut depth, cracked areas, and patch work. The pavement distress data collected on four national highways in India using a network survey vehicle (NSV) are used to develop linear and nonlinear regression models between roughness and distress parameters. Analysis of variance of these models indicated that nonlinear relation is better than a linear model. R2 value, root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute relative error (MARE) also supported nonlinear models. An artificial neural network (ANN), which is an advanced technique of modeling, is also used in the present study to model pavement roughness with distress parameters. A network with five input nodes, 15 hidden nodes, and one output node is considered. The network was trained with 90% of the data and tested with remaining 10% data. Results of R2 and MSE showed that the neural network performed highly significantly .
Silicone Elastomer Composites Fabricated with MgO and MgO-Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Improved Thermal Conductivity

The effect of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and magnesium oxide (MgO) on the thermal conductivity of MWCNTs and MgO-reinforced silicone rubber was studied. The increment of thermal conductivity was found to be linear with respect to increased loading of MgO. In order to improve the thermal transportation of phonons 0.3 wt % and 0.5 wt % of MWCNTs were added as filler to MgO-reinforced silicone rubber. The MWCNTs were functionalized by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to activate organic groups onto the surface of MWCNTs. These functional groups improved the compatibility and adhesion and act as bridging agents between MWCNTs and silicone elastomer, resulting in the formation of active conductive pathways between MgO and MWCNTs in the silicone elastomer. The surface functionalization was confirmed with XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy confirms the pristine structure of MWCNTs after oxidation with H2O2. The thermal conductivity is improved to 1 W/m·K with the addition of 20 vol% with 0.5 wt % of MWCNTs, which is an ~8-fold increment in comparison to neat elastomer. Improved thermal conductive properties of MgO-MWCNTs elastomer composite will be a potential replacement for conventional thermal interface materials.
Prediction of Field Aging Gradient in Asphalt Pavements

The aging of asphalt pavements is a key factor that influences pavement performance. Aging can be characterized by laboratory tests and prediction models. Common aging prediction models use the change of physical or chemical properties of asphalt binders based on regression techniques or aging reaction kinetics. The objective of this study was to develop a kinetics-based aging prediction model for the mixture modulus gradient in asphalt pavements to study long-term in-service aging. The proposed model was composed of three submodels for baseline modulus, surface modulus, and aging exponent to define the change of the mixture modulus with pavement depth. The model used kinetic parameters (aging activation energy and preexponential factor) of asphalt mixtures and combined the two reaction rate periods (fast-rate and constant-rate). Laboratory-measured modulus gradients of 29 field cores at different ages were used to determine the model parameters. The laboratory testing condition was converted to the field condition at a given age and corresponding temperature by introducing the rheological activation energy to quantify the temperature dependence of field cores at each age. The end of the fast-rate period or the beginning of the constant-rate period was accurately identified to model these two periods and to determine the associated parameters separately. The results showed that the predictions matched well with the measurements and the calculated model parameters were verified. The proposed aging prediction model took into account the major factors that affect field aging speed of an asphalt pavement, such as the binder type, aggregate type, air void content, pavement depth, aging temperature, and aging time.
Bayesian Modeling of Frequency-Severity Indeterminacy with an Application to Traffic Crashes on Two-Lane Highways

The basis for traffic safety research studies, which have developed numerous countermeasures to treat deficiencies in highway design features, surface conditions, traffic control devices, and driving behavior, comes from police reported crash data. However, a significant number of crashes go unreported. Studies show that severe crashes are more likely to be reported than those with lower severity. This issue is called frequency-severity indeterminacy. Because of frequency-severity indeterminacy, it is difficult to determine if a change in the number of reported crashes is caused by an actual change in number of crashes, a shift in severity proportions, or a mixture of both. Using underreported data tends to create the issue of frequency-severity indeterminacy, further producing a biased picture of traffic safety and by extension ineffective treatments. This paper presents a new approach addressing the issue of frequency-severity indeterminacy with a modified latent Poisson regression model. With recent advancements in crash modeling and Bayesian statistics, the parameter estimation is implemented within the Bayesian paradigm using two Gibbs Samplers and a Metropolis-Hastings (M-H) algorithm. The methodology is then empirically applied to investigate the issue of frequency-severity indeterminacy in traffic crashes that occurred on Washington two-lane highways.
Loneliness, age at immigration, family relationships, and depression among older immigrants: A moderated relationship

Guided by a convoy model of social relations, this study explores the complex relationships between loneliness, age at immigration, familial relationships, and depressive symptoms among older immigrants. This study used 2010 Health and Retirement Study data from a sample of 575 immigrants (52% female, age range 65–99 years). Ordinary least squares regression models were estimated. The findings indicate that for older immigrants who came to the United States at age 45 or older, loneliness was significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms. Further, perceived negative strain and hours spent helping family moderated this relationship such that the effect of loneliness on depressive symptoms was stronger among respondents who perceived more negative family strain and spent fewer hours helping family. Familial relationships are crucial for the psychological well-being of older immigrants because they can be a source of either stress or support. The results have implications for how research and practices can support the immigrant families.
An Inviscid-Viscous Interaction Approach to the Calculation of Dynamic Stall Initiation on Airfoils

An interactive boundary-layer method is described for computing unsteady incompressible flows over airfoils, including the initiation of dynamic stall. The inviscid unsteady panel method developed by Platzer and Teng is extended to include viscous effects. The solutions of the boundary-layer equations are obtained with an inverse finite-difference method employing an interaction law based on the Hilbert integral, and the algebraic eddy-viscosity formulation of Cebeci and Smith. The method is applied to airfoils subject to periodic and ramp-type motions and its abilities are examined for a range of angles of attack, reduced frequency and pitch rate.Copyright © 1992 by ASME
Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 Treatment Enhanced Efficacy of Capecitabine against Colon Cancer in Male Balb/c Mice

Abstract The microbiome of the intestinal system is well-known as a modulatory factor. Having a balanced status of microbiota could help to prevent diseases, especially cancers related to the gastrointestinal system. We investigated the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lr) and capecitabine on tumor size and physiologic features, such as bodyweight, liver enzymes, and blood profile, in a subcutaneously induced cancer model using CT-26 murine colon carcinoma cells. We divided 48 male Balb/c inbred mice into six groups. Lr had been orally pre-inoculated to the mice for 14 day consecutively. CT-26 cells were implanted subcutaneously into the mice’s flank. Following the injection of cancer cells, Lr was inoculated to the mice three times per week for four weeks. Capecitabine was inoculated in the third week after the induction of cancer. The tumor size was significantly decreased in treated groups in comparison to the cancer group (1174.5 ± 63.8, 1119.2 ± 86.3, and 985.6 ± 48 mm3 vs. 1674.2 ± 66 mm3, P < 0.0001). Data showed that Lr and capecitabine enhanced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 level compared to cancer group (p < 0.0001). White blood cells (WBCs) were significantly decreased in the capecitabine group compared to probiotic group (P < 0.05). Measurement of bodyweight, liver enzymes, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) level showed that Lr, in addition to preventive and therapeutic effects, might have protective effects against chemotherapy side effects. Preventing WBCs’ reduction, protecting mice from losing weight, induction of apoptosis, and enhancing the serum level of IL-6 indicated that Lr might be associated with better management of colorectal cancer and chemotherapy side effects.
Storm-water jets and plumes in rivers and estuaries

The interaction of storm-water discharges with the flow in rivers and estuaries often involves cross-flowing jets or plumes. This paper reviews the theoretical, experimental, numerical, and field research on this topic. The geometry of the outfall, the jet velocity ratio, and the relative density of the discharging flow have been shown to affect the mixing and dilution of the discharge into the ambient water. Storm-water outfalls are typically circular or rectangular; however, there are numerous open channel outfalls that have trapezoidal or irregular cross sections with large width to depth ratios. The extensive research of pioneers such as N. Rajaratnam on jets and plumes has led to the development of software packages for outfall evaluations. The CORMIX model is an example of one of these packages. The research on which these models are based is discussed, and some guidelines are given for estimating the dilution at outfalls with high width to depth ratios.Key words: storm water, outfalls, jets, plumes.
Reflecting on the Past to Shape the Future: A Systematic Review on Cross-Cultural Collaborative Learning from 2011 to 2020

Cross-cultural collaborative learning in different learning domains is the road to the sustainability of economic, social, and environmental development. It creates the appropriate environment to acquire cross-cultural communication and collaboration skills for the 21st century. This study conducted a systematic review of 54 articles on cross-cultural collaborative learning published from 2011 to 2020. Based on the proposed analysis framework, the major elements of cross-cultural collaborative learning are revealed, including learners, group composition, learning environment, cross-cultural learning content, collaborative learning strategies, and research designs. The results indicated that most studies engaged learners at the university level and adopted small group sizes in cross-cultural collaborative learning activities. The online learning environment and social science learning content were widely employed in the past 10 years. Most studies adopted multiple collaborative learning strategies and lasted for 9 to 24 weeks. Most studies targeted mixed research purposes and adopted the qualitative analysis method. The findings and relevant suggestions for future studies are discussed in depth.
Examining the Potential Use of the Collaborative-Geomatics Informatics Tool to Foster Intergenerational Transfer of Knowledge in a Remote First Nation Community

Northern First Nations in Canada have experienced environmental change throughout history, adapting to these changes based on personal experience interacting with their environment. Community members of Fort Albany First Nation of northern Ontario, Canada, have voiced their concern that their youths’ connection to the land is diminishing, making this generation more vulnerable to environmental change. Community members previously identified the collaborative-geomatics informatics tool as potentially useful for fostering intergenerational knowledge transfer. In this article, we assess the potential of the informatics tool to reconnect youth with the surrounding land in order to strengthen the adaptive capacity of Fort Albany First Nation. The tool was introduced to students in an environmental-outreach camp that included traditional activities. Students used global positioning systems and geo-tagged photographs that were loaded onto the informatics tool. Semi-directed interviews revealed that the students enjoyed the visual and spatial capabilities of the system, and recognised its potential to be used in conjunction with traditional activities. This pilot study suggests that the tool has the potential to be used by youth to provide an opportunity for the intergenerational transfer of Indigenous knowledge, but further evaluation is required.
THE PROACTIVE AGED:NEW PLAYERS IN THE WEB WORLD

This paper offers a comprehensive framework for understanding factors that explain rapidly increasing use of the World Wide Web by very old persons. Five "engines" are discussed as promoting technology use in general and Web use in particular in late life. These include: environmental presses, convenience and compensatory functions, intergenerational bridging functions, leisure and entertainment functions and facilitation of health maintenance. We provide illustrative data about technology and Web use from our long-term longitudinal studies of successful aging among community dwelling elders in four distinct urban communities in the US. Our findings point to elders as increasingly relying on Web-based communication and information retrieval as well as the important social value of Web use for this population.