Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Habitat use of loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, the northern limit of their distribution range

Verifying habitats, including the foraging and nesting areas for sea turtles, enables an understanding of their spatial ecology and successful planning of their conservation and management strategies. Recently, the observation frequency and bycatch of loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles have increased in the northern limit of their distribution range, in the northern part of the East China Sea and East Sea (Sea of Japan). We conducted satellite tracking to investigate the habitat use of seven loggerhead and eight green turtles from June 2016 to August 2022 in this area, where little is known about their spatial ecology. We applied a 50 percent volume contour method to determine their main foraging areas and analyzed 6 environmental variables to characterize their habitats. Loggerhead turtles mainly stayed in and used the East China Sea as a foraging area during the tracking period, while two individuals among them also used the East Sea as a seasonal foraging area. Most green turtles also used the East China Sea as a foraging area, near South Korea and Japan, with one individual among them using the southern part of the East Sea as a seasonal foraging area. Notably, one green turtle traveled to Hainan Island in the South China Sea, a historical nesting area. Our results showed that the two sea turtle species included the East Sea as a seasonal foraging area, possibly owing to the abundance of food sources available, despite its relatively lower sea temperature. Considering that loggerhead and green sea turtles were observed using the northern part of the East China Sea and East Sea more frequently than previously known and that the sea temperature gradually increases due to climate change, conservation and management activities are required for sea turtles in these areas.
Top-Down Biasing of Visual Cortical Activity Encodes Attended Information and Facilitates Behavioral Performance in Visual Spatial Attention

Top-down attention plays a vital role in selecting relevant stimuli and suppressing distracting information. During top-down visual-spatial attention, control signals from the dorsal attention network modulate the baseline neuronal activity in the visual cortex in favor of task-relevant stimuli. While several studies have demonstrated that baseline shift during anticipatory attention occurs in multiple visual areas, such effects have not been systematically investigated across the visual hierarchy, especially when different attention conditions are matched for stimulus and task factors. In this fMRI study, we investigated anticipatory attention signals using univariate and multivariate (MVPA) analysis in multiple visual cortical areas. First, the univariate analysis yielded significant activation differences in higher-order visual areas, with the effect weaker in early visual areas. Second, however, in contrast, MVPA decoding was significant in predicting attention conditions in all visual areas and IPS, with lower-order visual areas (e.g., V1) having greater decoding accuracy than higher-order visual areas (e.g., LO1). Third, the strength of decoding accuracy predicted the behavioral performance in the discrimination task. All the results were highly replicable and consistent across two datasets with same experimental paradigms but recorded at two research sites, and two experimental conditions where the direction of spatial attention was driven either by external instructions (cue-instructed attention) or from internal decisions (free-choice attention). Our results provide clear evidence, not available in past univariate investigations, that top-down attentional control signals selectively bias neuronal processing throughout the visual hierarchy, and that this biasing is correlated with the task performance.
A Deep Generative Recommendation Method for Unbiased Learning from Implicit Feedback

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are the state-of-the-art model for recommendation with implicit feedback signals. Unfortunately, implicit feedback suffers from selection bias, e.g., popularity bias, position bias, etc., and as a result, training from such signals produces biased recommendation models. Existing methods for debiasing the learning process have not been applied in a generative setting. We address this gap by introducing an inverse propensity scoring (IPS) based method for training VAEs from implicit feedback data in an unbiased way. Our IPS-based estimator for the VAE training objective, VAE-IPS, is provably unbiased w.r. t. selection bias. Our experimental results show that the proposed VAE-IPS model reaches significantly higher performance than existing baselines. Our contributions enable practitioners to combine state-of-the-art VAE recommendation techniques with the advantages of bias mitigation for implicit feedback.
Lower bounds for the complexity of reliable Boolean circuits with noisy gates

It is proved that the reliable computation of any Boolean function with, sensitivity s requires Omega (s log s) gates if the gates of the circuit fail independently with a fixed positive probability. The Omega (s log s) bound holds even if s is the block sensitivity instead of the sensitivity of the Boolean function. Some open problems are mentioned. <<ETX>>
Effectiveness of Capping in Isolating Contaminated Dredged Material from Biota and the Overlying Water

Abstract : The effectiveness of capping in chemically and biologically isolating contaminated dredged material was investigated using large- (250 pound) and small- (22.6 pound) scale laboratory reactor units. The ability of various cap materials to isolate contaminated dredged material was assessed in the large reactor units by following the movement of chemical contaminants and microbial spores contained in the capped dredged material into the overlying water column and by monitoring the biological uptake of chemical contaminants by clams and polychaetes. The depth of cap material needed to chemically isolate contaminated dredged material was assessed in the small-scale reactor units. Changes in overlying water concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium nitrogen manganese, and orthophosphate were monitored following isolation of the water column from air by placing a 4-cm layer of mineral oil on the surface. The constituents analyzed were selected due to their mobility under anaerobic conditions, ease of measurement, and generally high concentrations in contaminated dredged material compared to clean cap materials.
Sounding Brighton : Developing an applied soundscape strategy

In order to help develop an applied soundscape strategy for the City of Brighton & Hove, in the United Kingdom, we conducted a social survey, as part of a project called Sounding Brighton, via a questionnaire study. The survey, in which members of the public were invited to participate anonymously, was supported by the EU COST Action TD0804 “Soundscapes of European Cities and Landscapes”, in cooperation with Brighton & Hove City Council and Local Action Teams. In total, 354 individuals, 15 years or older, completed the questionnaire. It consisted of four parts: (1) noise annoyance, (2) favourite outdoor location in Brighton & Hove and the social and recreational activities it entails, (3) what sounds are appropriate to the favourite location, and (4) demographic data. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, 5 categories of favourite locations, as well as 5 categories of recreational soundscapes, were found. The categories of favourite locations in Brighton & Hove were named: ‘Beach & Seaside’, ‘City Park’, ‘Peri -Urban Recreation Area’, ‘My Space’, and ‘Downtown City’. The recreational soundscapes were named: ‘Urban Nature’, ‘Distant Nature’, ‘Urban’, ‘Seaside’, and ‘Urban Beach’. A Chi Square analysis showed that there is a statistically significant and meaningful relationship between the social and recreational activities that people find suitable in their favourite outdoor location and the degree to which they find that specific sound sources are appropriate there. The next step in the development of an applied soundscape strategy is to identify and map all areas of Brighton & Hove that fall under the five categories of favourite locations, and to decide on their acoustic objectives in line with the five categories of recreational soundscapes.
Predicting compound activity from phenotypic profiles and chemical structures

Recent advances in deep learning enable using chemical structures and phenotypic profiles to accurately predict assay results for compounds virtually, reducing the time and cost of screens in the drug-discovery process. We evaluate the relative strength of three high-throughput data sources—chemical structures, images (Cell Painting), and gene-expression profiles (L1000)—to predict compound activity using a sparse historical collection of 16,170 compounds tested in 270 assays for a total of 585,439 readouts. All three data modalities can predict compound activity with high accuracy in 6-10% of assays tested; replacing million-compound physical screens with computationally prioritized smaller screens throughout the pharmaceutical industry could yield major savings. Furthermore, the three profiling modalities are complementary, and in combination they can predict 21% of assays with high accuracy, and 64% if lower accuracy is acceptable. Our study shows that, for many assays, predicting compound activity from phenotypic profiles and chemical structures might accelerate the early stages of the drug-discovery process.
Alignment

Can you imagine how difficult it would be to find your car in a crowded parking lot if everyone ignored the parking lot stripes and parked in every which direction and angle? Imagine trying to get out of there! Alignment brings order to chaos, in a parking lot and on a piece of paper. How you align type and graphics on a page and in relation to each other can make your layout easier or more difficult to read, foster familiarity, or bring excitement to a stale design.
Who decides?

The study examined the role of family members in decision making about the health and welfare of children in the Indian household. The sample was taken from three villages in Cholapur Primary Health Center, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh state, India, during 1989-90. 100 pregnant women was randomly drawn for the sample. Separate interviews were conducted among decision makers who were other than the mother. 51% had monthly household incomes under Rs. 300; 25% had incomes ranging from Rs. 301 to 600; 16% had incomes of Rs. 601-1000; and 4% each had incomes of Rs. 1001-1500 and over Rs.1500. 80% were housewives. 20% were agricultural workers or laborers. 79% of mothers were illiterate. 12% had some primary schooling, and 5% had a high school education. 64% were joint families, and 36% were nuclear households. All mothers-in-law and fathers-in-law were illiterate or had received nonformal education. 56% of mothers deferred to the decision making of mothers-in-law. 15% of mothers deferred to the decision making by husbands. Mothers made their own decisions about child health in 12% of households. All decision makers considered a consultation with a doctor necessary for pregnancy complications. However 38% lacked knowledge about complications in pregnancy. 70% of decision makers preferred home delivery, and 80% desired delivery by an ancillary nurse-midwife. 76% of decision makers desired a doctor for treatment of a child with complications. 19% considered witchcraft a reasonable form of treatment, and 5% had no idea about what to do about child health problems. 53% recommended a baby be given tonics for small size or weakness. 16% were knowledgeable about oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea treatment. Improvement in perinatal, neonatal, and infant mortality care will depend on training, health education, and community participation.
Disturbance of inorganic phosphate metabolism in diabetes mellitus: clinical manifestations of phosphorus-depletion syndrome during recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis Inorganic phosphate your work in this journal

: The acute effects of intracellular phosphate depletion and hypophosphatemia on organs and tissues in and during recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) have been reviewed. When insufficient phosphate and/or oxygen are available for high energy phosphate synthesis, cell homeostasis cannot be maintained and cell integrity may be impaired. The clinical consequences are recognized as occasional cause of morbidity and mortality. Although phosphate repletion has not been routinely recommended in the treatment of DKA, physicians should be aware of these clinical conditions and phosphate repletion in such situations should be considered.
The Egyptian Cardiothoracic Surgeon

Background: Antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) minimizes deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) duration during arch surgery in infants, which may impact the outcomes of the repair. We aimed to evaluate the effect of adding antegrade cerebral perfusion to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest on DHCA duration and operative outcomes of different aortic arch operations in infants. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from infants (<20 weeks old) who underwent aortic arch reconstruction (Norwood operation, arch reconstruction for the hypoplastic arch and interrupted aortic arch) using DHCA alone (n=88) or combined with ACP (n=26). We excluded patients who had concomitant procedures and those with preoperative neurological disability. Results: There was no difference between groups as regards the age, gender, and the operation performed (p= 0.64; 0.87 and 0.50; respectively). Among the 114 patients, 11 (9.6%) had operative mortality, and 14 (12.3%) had cerebral infarction diagnosed with CT scanning. Adding ACP to DHCA significantly reduced DHCA duration from 50.7 ± 10.6 minutes to 22.4 ± 6.2 minutes (p<0.001) and lowered the mortality (11 vs. 0; p=0.066) and cerebral infarction (13 vs. 1; p=0.18). No statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of ischemic time (p=0.63) or hospital stay duration (p=0.47). Conclusion: Using ACP appears to reduce the DHCA duration and was associated with better survival and neurological outcomes of aortic arch surgery in infants. A study with longer follow-up to evaluate the long-term neurological sequelae is recommended.
The Egyptian Cardiothoracic Surgeon

Background: The optimal timing for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery after myocardial infarction remains a matter of debate. Our study aimed to analyze the effect of the timing of CABG surgery after acute myocardial infarction on operative mortality and morbidity. Methods: This prospective study included 60 patients who underwent isolated CABG within 30 days of acute myocardial infarction from November 2014 to June 2016 in Kasr Al-Ainy University Hospitals. Patients were divided into two groups according to the timing of surgery; the early group (0 – 3 days) included 14 patients (23.3%), and the late group (4 – 30 days) included 46 patients (76.7%). The outcomes of the study were all-cause hospital mortality and morbidity. Results: Our study included 43 males (71.7%), and the mean age was 58.4 ± 7.3 years. Five patients had preoperative arrhythmia (36%) in the early group vs. two patients in the late group (4%) (p=0.006). The use of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) preoperatively was required in four patients (6.7%); all were in the early group (p= 0.002). Preoperative high inotropic support was required in 11 (78.6%) in the early group vs. 5 (10.9%) in the late group (p< 0.001). Postoperative IABP was required in 6 (42.9%) patients in the early group vs. 4 (8.7%) patients in the late group (p= 0.007). The duration of mechanical ventilation was 19.9±18.9 hours in the early group vs. 9±13.6 hours in the late group (p= 0.001). The duration of ICU stay was 102.5±77.8 and 55.8±22 hours in the early and late groups, respectively (p= 0.001). The total mortality rate was 5 (8.3%) patients; 3 (21.4%) in the early group vs. 2 (4.3%) in the late group (p = 0.078). Conclusion: We reported higher mortality and morbidity if CABG is performed in the first three days after acute myocardial infarction. The course of patients who had late CABG was better than who had early CABG.
The Egyptian Cardiothoracic Surgeon

Background: Management of moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) secondary to left-sided valve lesion is controversial. The objective of this study was to compare the short-term results of surgical repair versus conservative treatment for moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation in concomitant with mitral valve surgery. Methods: Our study included 60 patients with mitral valve lesion and moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation. Patients were divided into 2 groups; group A included 30 patients whose tricuspid valve disease were managed conservatively, and group B included 30 patients who had tricuspid valve band annuloplasty. Results: Preoperative clinical and echocardiographic data were comparable between groups. There was no difference regarding mechanical ventilation time (6 .13 ± 3.02 vs. 7.01 ± 4.14 hours; p= 0.291), or intensive care unit stay (51.42 ± 12.1 vs. 52.31 ± 15.32 hours; p=0.614) in group A and B respectively. There was a significant improvement in the degree of tricuspid valve regurgitation in group B early postoperative (moderate tricuspid regurgitation reported in 22 (73.3%) vs. 4 (13.3%); p<0.001) and at 3 months (moderate tricuspid regurgitation 11 (36.7%) vs. 2 (6.7%); p<0.001) and 6 months follow up (moderate tricuspid regurgitation 10 (30%) vs. 2 (6.7%); p<0.001) in group A and B respectively. After 6-months, 20 (66.7%) patients in group A had dyspnea grade I compared to 26 (86.7%) patients in group B; p=0.021. Conclu sion: Although the correction of the left-sided lesion improved the degree of TR in some patients, concomitant repair of the tricuspid valve could produce better improvement in the clinical outcome when compared to the conservative approach.
Dynamics of the carbonate system and air-sea CO2 fluxes in western European shelf waters : a multi-scale approach

The raise of atmospheric CO2 due to anthropogenic activities is a major driver of the climate change. The ocean plays a key role in the uptake of this anthropogenic CO2. The constraint of air–sea CO2 fluxes and their variability at various time and spatial levels remain a central task in global carbon cycle and climate studies. The contribution of open ocean to this uptake is presently rather well quantified, whereas the role of the coastal ocean to this process remains ambiguous due to the diversity and the high spatio-temporal variability of the CO2 system and air-sea CO2 fluxes in these ecosystems. This PhD thesis investigated the spatial and temporal variability of the CO2 system and air-sea CO2 fluxes in contrasted ecosystems of the north-west European continental shelf. These highly dynamic biogeochemical ecosystems host numerous key hydrographical structures (permanently well-mixed, seasonally stratified, frontal structures, estuarine) of temperate zones, in which the dynamic of the CO2 system were poorly documented. From tidal to multi-annual variability, from a fixed station off Roscoff to the north-west European continental shelf and from seawater samples to satellite data, this PhD thesis provides an integrative overview of the complexity of the CO2 system dynamics in coastal seas and the ongoing challenges to achieve.
Productivity Spillovers, Terms of Trade and the 'home Market E¤ect'

The views expressed here are those of the authors, and do not necessarily re ‡ect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the Federal Reserve System, or any other institution with which the authors are a¢ liated. Abstract This paper analyzes the implications of international spillovers related to productivity gains, changes in market size, or government spending. We introduce trade costs and endogenous varieties in a two-country general-equilibrium model with monopolistic competition, drawing a distinction between productivity gains that enhance manufacturing e¢ ciency, and gains that lower the cost of …rms' entry and product di¤erentiation. Countries with lower manufacturing costs have higher GDP but supply them at a lower international price. However, countries with lower entry and di¤erentiation costs supply a larger array of goods at improved terms of trade. We show that these two types of productivity improvements have di¤erent implications for the sign of the international welfare spillovers, which also depends on terms of trade changes, trade costs and consumers' taste for variety. Higher domestic demand has macroeconomic implications that are similar to those of a reduction in …rms'entry costs.
Size and Determinants of the Shadow Economy in Nigeria: Evidence from a Monetary Approach

This study investigates the size and determinants of the shadow economy in Nigeria. It adopts an aggregation approach within the monetary framework and utilises the ARDL estimation technique to analyse quarterly data from 2010 Q1 to 2019 Q4. On average, the results suggest that the quarterly size of the shadow economy is about 55 per cent of the country’s GDP. The findings show that government size reduces the size of the shadow economy in the short run but increases it in the long run. The study also finds that interest rate, which is the opportunity cost of holding cash, and development of digital payment system (financial innovation) dis-incentivise informality. The policy implication is that the continuous development of effective digital payment products and their use could potentially reduce the size of the shadow economy in Nigeria.
Correction: Deep Sequencing Analysis of the Ixodes ricinus Haemocytome

Figs ​Figs22 and ​and44 are incorrect. The authors have provided corrected versions of each here. Fig 2 The tick defensin family of antimicrobial peptides. Fig 4 Phylogeny of invertebrate peptidoglycan recognition proteins.
The fate of the Deep Western Boundary Current in the South Atlantic ! 1 !

1! The fate of the Deep Western Boundary Current in the South Atlantic! 1! Silvia L. Garzoli , Shenfu Dong , Rana Fine, Christopher S. Meinen, Renellys C. 2! Perez , Claudia Schmid, Erik van Sebille, and Qi Yao ! 3! 4! 1 Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami ! 5! 2 NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory! 6! 3 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami! 7! 4 ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science & Climate Change Research Centre, 8! UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 9! 5 Now at Grantham Institute & Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United 10! Kingdom! 11! 12! Abstract! 13!