Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutionalized Riot Networks in India and Mobile Instant Messaging Platforms

The article uses the context of the Northeast Delhi riots in 2020 to examine how mobile instant messaging platforms have changed the nature of riot networks in India. What role does the state’s partisan approach play in aiding the use of these platforms by the constituents of such networks? Does the lack of adequate mechanisms to hold technology companies accountable contribute to how their platforms are used to aid the circulation of extreme speech, misinformation, and violence? The article explores these questions and argues for a framework to govern mobile instant messaging platforms that goes beyond attempts at self-regulation as well as efforts by national governments to regulate them. The complications that arise when such platforms are used by networks that favour majoritarian rulers are analyzed to examine the need for placing issues related to the governance of platform ecosystems within the framework of the protection of human rights.
Solitary Fibrous Tumors of the Head and Neck: A Single-Institution Study of 52 Patients

Objective To evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of head and neck solitary fibrous tumors and features that may predict tumor recurrence. Study Design Retrospective review. Setting University of California–Los Angeles Medical Center. Methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted on pathologically confirmed cases of head and neck solitary fibrous tumors between 1996 and 2021. Patient demographics, clinical course, and histopathologic features were evaluated. Recurrence-free survival was estimated via Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results A total of 52 patients were reviewed. The average patient age was 54.7 years (range, 15-89). The most common subsite was the orbit (53.8%, n = 28), but other involved areas included the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, and scalp. The median tumor size was 2.95 cm (range, 1.3-11.2). Strong STAT6 (100%) and CD34 (97.9%) expression was observed on immunohistochemistry. Almost all patients were initially managed with wide local excision; 82% of patients (n = 14) had positive margins on pathologic review; and 15% (n = 4) had recurrence at a median 28.5 months (range, 10-113). White patient race was the only significant predictor of tumor recurrence. Patient age (≥55 years), tumor size (≥4), high mitotic rate, and disease subsite were not associated with recurrence. Conclusion Head and neck solitary fibrous tumors demonstrate a significantly larger local recurrence rate as compared with their rate of metastasis. They can recur many years following initial therapy, warranting long-term surveillance and follow-up to assess for tumor recurrence.
Increased Acetylcholine Levels and Other Brain Effects in 5XFAD Mice after Treatment with 8,14-Dihydroxy Metabolite of Efavirenz

Efavirenz (EFV), an FDA-approved anti-HIV drug, has off-target binding to CYP46A1, the CNS enzyme which converts cholesterol to 24-hydroxycholesterol. At small doses, EFV allosterically activates CYP46A1 in mice and humans and mitigates some of the Alzheimer’s disease manifestations in 5XFAD mice, an animal model. Notably, in vitro, all phase 1 EFV hydroxymetabolites activate CYP46A1 as well and bind either to the allosteric site for EFV, neurotransmitters or both. Herein, we treated 5XFAD mice with 8,14-dihydroxyEFV, the binder to the neurotransmitter allosteric site, which elicits the highest CYP46A1 activation in vitro. We found that treated animals of both sexes had activation of CYP46A1 and cholesterol turnover in the brain, decreased content of the amyloid beta 42 peptide, increased levels of acetyl-CoA and acetylcholine, and altered expression of the brain marker proteins. In addition, male mice had improved performance in the Barnes Maze test and increased expression of the acetylcholine-related genes. This work expands our knowledge of the beneficial CYP46A1 activation effects and demonstrates that 8,14-dihydroxyEFV crosses the blood–brain barrier and has therapeutic potential as a CYP46A1 activator.
The increasing role of contract research organizations in the evolution of the biopharmaceutical industry

The role played in the last decades by contract research organizations (CROs) has been almost completely neglected by the economic and managerial literature. At most they are presented as firms performing routine clinical tasks, a portrait which is largely outdated and misleading. Thus the main objective of this paper is to highlight the evolution of the CRO segment of the biopharma industry, discuss the foundations of CROs' comparative advantage and underline the consequences of their growth for the effective functioning of the industry. We suggest that the increased role acquired by CROs in performing fundamental phases of R&D has made the anatomy of the biopharma system more functional. In fact even if the turbulence and mortality of IP-based biotech firms is extremely high, if they rely to a great extent on CROs, the experience acquired to carry out their projects - which mostly fail - does not get lost but cumulatively enhances CROs' capabilities, a resource that can be tapped to carry out further projects.
Nonprehensile Object Transportation with a Legged Manipulator

This paper tackles the problem of nonprehensile object transportation through a legged manipulator. A whole-body control architecture is devised to prevent sliding of the object placed on the tray at the manipulator's end-effector and retain the legged robot balance during walking. The controller solves a quadratic optimization problem to realize the sought transportation task while maintaining the contact forces between the tray and the object and between the legs and the ground within their respective friction cones, also considering limits on the input torques. An extensive simulation campaign confirmed the feasibility of the approach and evaluated the control performance through a thorough statistical analysis conducted varying mass, friction, and the dimension of the transported object.
Estimating the Effect of Principal Instructional and Distributed Leadership on Professional Development of Teachers in Jakarta, Indonesia

This quantitative study investigates the effect of instructional and distributed leadership practiced by school principals on teacher professional development in schools in Jakarta. The study also explores the causal-relation between instructional and distributed leadership. Stratified sampling was used by dividing schools in Jakarta into strata (west, north, east, and south) to gain 430 participants to answer a survey that covered instructional and distributed leadership and teacher professional development. Instrument developed by Alma was used distributed leadership, Hallinger for instructional leadership and The Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) developed by OCD was used for teacher professional development. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM) through SmartPLS statistical software. The findings of PLS-SEM revealed the direct effect of both instructional and distributed leadership on teacher professional development. The findings also reported the direct effect of instructional leadership on distributed leadership. The findings provide empirical support for implementing instructional and distributed leadership practices in Jakarta schools, as they lead to teacher professional development. It also advocates for leadership training in these practices for school principals. Keyword: school leadership, instructional leadership, distributed leadership, Jakarta, Indonesia, SmartPLS.
A novel inflammation-associated prognostic signature for clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are typically situated in a complex inflammatory and immune microenvironment, which has been reported to contribute to the unfavorable prognosis of patients with ccRCC. There would be beneficial clinical implications for elucidating the roles of its molecular characteristics in the inflammatory microenvironment. This is because it would facilitate the development of reliable biomarkers for pre-stratification prior to the designation of individualized treatment strategies. In the present study, RNA-sequencing data from 607 patients were retrospectively analyzed to elucidate the profile of inflammatory molecules. Based on this, an inflammatory prognostic signature (IPS) was developed and further validated using clinical ccRCC samples. Subsequently, the associated mechanisms in terms of the immune microenvironment and molecular pathways were then investigated. This proposed IPS was found to exhibit superior accuracy compared with the criterion of a good prognostic model for the prediction of patient prognosis from ccRCC [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)=0.811] in addition to being an independent factor for prognostic risk stratification [hazard ratio: 11.73 (95% CI, 26.98-5.10); log-rank test, P<0.001]. Pathologically, ccRCC cells identified as high-risk according to their IPS presented with a more malignant tumor structure, including voluminous eosinophilic cytoplasm, acinar/lamellar/tubular growth patterns and atypic nuclei. High-risk ccRCC also exhibited higher infiltration levels by four types of immune cells, including T regulatory cells, but lower infiltration levels by mast cells. Pathways associated with immune-inflammation interaction, including the IL-17 pathway, were found to be upregulated in IPS-identified high-risk ccRCC. Furthermore, by combining the IPS with clinical factors, an integrated prognostic index was developed and validated for increasing the accuracy of patient risk-stratification for ccRCC (AUC=0.911). In conclusion, the complex regulatory mechanisms and molecular characteristics involved in ccRCC-inflammation interaction, coupled with their prognostic potential, were systematically elucidated in the present study. This may have important implications in furthering the understanding into the molecular mechanisms underlying this ccRCC-inflammation interaction, which can in turn be exploited for identifying high-risk patients with ccRCC prior to designing their clinical treatment strategy.
Novel Methods of Cannabis Use and Lower Sleep Duration Among High School Students

Background. The general use of cannabis in adolescence is associated with various sleep deficits. While traditional smoking remains the most common form of cannabis consumption amongst adolescents, novel methods of administration are becoming more popular and available due to legalization. The association of these novel methods of use with sleep in adolescence has yet to be studied and research is needed to inform public health initiatives. Methods. High school (9th-12th grade) students from the Healthy Kids Colorado Survey with current cannabis use (n= 4,637) reported on numerous demographic variables, method of cannabis use (flower, edibles, dabs, and vaporizers) and average sleep duration on weeknights. Logistic regression assessed the relationship between novel methods of use (edibles, dabs, and vaporizers) and sleep duration in comparison to cannabis flower. Results. Use of any edible, dab, or vaporizer product in the past 30-days was associated with being male and current tobacco use. Reporting a novel method of use as the most common mode of cannabis use was associated with current tobacco use and higher mothers’ education. Students who used any novel method products in the past 30 days or reported these products as the usual mode of cannabis use, were more likely to sleep 7 hours or fewer a night. Conclusions. Novel methods of cannabis administration such as edibles, dabs, and vaporizers are associated with getting less sleep than recommended (7 or less hours), in comparison to those who smoked flower. Sleep outcomes should be a focus of study for novel cannabis products amongst high school adolescents.
Composite load modeling via measurement approach

Summary form only given. The accuracy of the load model has great effects on power system stability analysis and control. Based on our practice in China on modeling load from field measurements, this paper systematically develops a measurement-based composite load model. Principles guiding the load modeling practice are discussed based on detailed analysis on stochastic characteristics of modeling procedure. The structure of the measurement-based composite load model is presented. A multi-curve identification technique is described to derive parameters. The generalization capability of thus built load model is also investigated in the paper. Two cases are studied to illustrate the accuracy of the developed load model on describing the load dynamic characteristics in the actual power system
The Impact of BI Rate, Exchange Rate, and Inflation on Broad Money in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to develop a model and research the effect of macroeconomics which includes the BI rate, exchange rate, and inflation on the development of the broad money (M2) by using data from the last ten years from 2011-2020 and obtaining 120 data. The method used in this research is quantitative research using SPSS software as a data processing tool. The results show that the variable BI rate, exchange rate, and inflation simultaneously have a significant effect on the amount of money circulating in Indonesia in the 2011-2020 period. In addition, the inflation variable and the BI rate have a negative relationship with the broad money (M2). Meanwhile, the exchange rate has a significant positive effect on broad money (M2).
Impacts of the second wave of Covid-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study with nursing students

Introduction: The worldwide prevalence of mental disorders points to the need for adequate and urgent holistic responses. The disconnection between science, health and politics before and during the pandemic of COVID-19 undermined the actions and reorganization of the reception and support system, especially for the most vulnerable, women and young people. Objective: To verify the prevalence of anxious, depressive and hopelessness symptoms in academics of a public university during the pandemic period. Methodology: This is an observational, cross-sectional study carried out with 128 undergraduate nursing students from a public university in the state of Paraíba, Brazil from January to March 2021. The recruitment was online and the data collection instrument was prepared on Google Forms with sociodemographic, health and coping strategies questions. Results: The study showed a majority of single female academics with a positive self-perception of health. Nervousness, autonomic symptoms and fear stood out among the anxious symptoms. Regarding depressive symptoms, most reported self-criticism, irritability, fatigue, pessimism and sleep disorders. Positive expectations regarding the future were prevalent in the sample. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the health of the academic community. The students experienced the second wave with psycho-emotional reactions, but also with various coping strategies, mainly related to affective support from family and friends and professional support. The results show the need to investigate daily life, its stressors and risk factors to provide adequate support to promote and maintain the health of these students by approaching protective factors.
Effects of Aqueous Extract of Petroselinum crispum on Liver and Hematological Parameters in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) - Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats

In recent years, focus on plant research has increased to show the potential of some medicinal plants in discovery of novel compounds which could be used in treatment of some diseases. Petroselinum crispum is widely used traditionally as a food additive and herbal remedy for many ailments. This study is aimed to assess the effects of Petroselinum crispum on some liver enzymes and some haematological parameters in Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) - induced hepatotoxicity in male wistar rats. A total of 25 wistar rats were used, which were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1: (control); Group 2: received IP injection of 120mg/kg mixture of CCL4 and olive oil (1:1), Groups 3, 4 and 5 were orally administered 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg extract + IP injection of 120mg/kg mixture of CCL4 and olive oil for 21 days respectively. On the 22nd day, the animals were sacrifice using chloroform anesthesia and the effects of the aqueous extract were assessed by quantifying liver enzymes such as serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total serum protein (TP). The haematological parameters were assessed by analysis of parked cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and platelet count (PLT) and followed by histopathological studies of the liver tissues. The three doses of the plant extract used in this study, showed some level of protective effect on CCL4-induced hepatotoxicity as evident by the significant reduction (P < 0.05) in serum levels of AST, ALT, and ALP along with the improved histopathological liver sections compared to CCL4 -treated animals. However the extract is more effective in the 500mg/kg compared to the 250mg/kg and 1000mg/kg. Also the results obtained for all the haematological parameters used in the study showed no significant difference among all the groups (P > 0.05).
Potential Immunologic and Integrative Methods to Enhance Vaccine Safety

Vaccine safety is measured by the disease protection it confers compared to the harm it may cause; both factors and their relative numbers have been the subject of disagreement. Cross-reactive attack of analogous self-antigens modified by dietary and microbiome factors is one of the poorly explored likely causes of harm. Screening for that and other risk factors might point out those most likely to develop severe vaccine reactions. Cooperation from those with opinions for and against vaccination in data gathering and vetting will lead to greater safety. Screening should include an integrative medical perspective regarding diet, microbiome, leaky gut, and other antigen sources. It might include emerging electronic technology or integrative energetic techniques vetted ultimately by cross-reactive lymphocyte testing or genetic evaluation. The knowledge gained from evaluating those with reactions could enhance the screening process and, since similar antigenic stimuli and reactions are involved, help long COVID sufferers. Centers for early identification and rescue from vaccine reactions could lower morbidity and mortality, and increase the percentage of people choosing to be vaccinated. Additional platforms for boosting; using lower dosage; other routes of administration, such as intranasal or intradermal needles; and possibly different antigens could make it easier to vaccinate globally to address the new variants of viruses rapidly arising.
Event-Triggered Model Predictive Control for the Inverter of a Grid-Connected Microgrid With a Battery-Supercapacitor HESS

This article proposes an event-triggered model predictive control (ET-MPC) method for inverters to connect dc microgrids with battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) to the grid. The procedure for creating the ET-MPC method is discussed in detail, including the system’s state-space model formulation, the condition of grid connection under unbalanced grid voltage, the triggering condition setting, and the design of the controller. Introducing an event-triggered control strategy into the conventional finite-control-set MPC (FCS-MPC) can significantly reduce the number of control actions by eliminating unnecessary operations. This solves FCS-MPC’s issue of a heavy computational burden while maintaining a satisfactory performance. The regulation performance verification of ET-MPC is conducted using digital simulation and hardware-in-loop (HIL) experiments. The comparison of the simulation and HIL results for ET-MPC and FCS-MPC shows the effectiveness of ET-MPC in connecting the dc microgrid to the grid; this new method has a similar performance to that of FCS-MPC but requires fewer switching actions and has a lower computational burden.
Autonomous Actuation of Flapping Wing Robots Inspired by Asynchronous Insect Muscle

In most instances, flapping wing robots have emulated the “synchronous” actuation of insects in which the wingbeat timing is generated from a time-dependent, rhythmic signal. The internal dynamics of asynchronous insect flight muscle enable high-frequency, adaptive wingbeats with minimal direct neural control. In this paper, we investigate how the delayed stretch-activation (dSA) response of asynchronous insect flight muscle can be transformed into a feedback control law for flapping wing robots that results in stable limit cycle wingbeats. We first demonstrate - in theory and simulation - the mechanism by which asynchronous wingbeats self-excite. Then, we implement the feedback law on a dynamically-scaled robophysical model as well as on an insect-scale robotic flapping wing. Experiments on large- and small-scale robots demonstrate good agreement with the theory results and highlight how dSA parameters govern wingbeat amplitude and frequency. Lastly, we demonstrate that asynchronous actuation has several advantages over synchronous actuation schemes, including the ability to rapidly adapt or halt wingbeats in response to external loads or collisions through low-level feedback control.
Light and Malaise traps tell different stories about the spatial variations in arthropod biomass and method‐specific insect abundance

Conclusions reached in meta‐analyses of changes in insect communities may be influenced by method‐specific sampling biases, which may lead to inappropriate conservation measures. We argue that the contradictory conclusions regarding terrestrial insect biomass, abundance and richness patterns are, at least partly, due to methodological limitations that reflect taxon‐specific responses to environmental changes. In this study, light and Malaise traps were simultaneously deployed to sample insects at 52 plots in a temperate forest in Germany along gradients of elevation (>1000 m) and canopy openness (3%–100%). These gradients were used as predictors in models of total arthropod biomass according to the two trapping methods and in models of abundance and richness of three commonly targeted groups: nocturnal moths, sampled using light traps, and hoverflies and bees, collected with Malaise traps. A comparison of the total arthropod biomass obtained with the two methods revealed contrary results along the canopy openness gradient. Biomass in light traps showed a decreasing trend with increasing canopy openness while biomass in Malaise traps increased. The same opposing pattern was found for the abundance of selected taxa. The different patterns describing spatial variation of arthropod communities obtained using light and Malaise traps can be explained by differences in the taxa predominantly collected. Regarding the ongoing debate on insect decline, our results demonstrate that comparing different taxa from different taxon‐specific traps is inappropriate. Thus, we recommend that future meta‐analyses take into account the sampling methods and taxon‐specific responses to environmental changes.
Profiling vitamin D, its mediators and proinflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis: A case–control study

The active form of vitamin D has immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory effect. Vitamin D is implicated in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its deficiency leads to increased inflammation. Moreover, its production is dependent on concentration of calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Cytokines mediates inflammation in RA synovium. This study evaluated vitamin D, its mediators and proinflammatory cytokines among RA patients.