Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of anthropometric and sociodemographic variables on physical activity levels of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on highly active antiretroviral therapy

Objectives: Physical inactivity plays a major role in promoting disease outcome, but physical activity enhances effective prevention and treatment of chronic diseases; hence, this study was to determine the effect of anthropometric and demographic factors on the physical activity level of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) on antiretroviral therapy. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional method of descriptive research design. A sample size of 170 participants was recruited for this research comprising 113 females and 57 males, who after obtaining their informed consent were issued questionnaires which they meticulously filled under a proper guidance. The participants were almost proportionally distributed across the three levels of physical activity, though about half of them had a normal weight of body mass index (BMI) based on the information obtained. Results: The study showed that physical activity according to age significantly affected the BMI (P < 0.05). Physical activity level according to gender had no statistically significant effect on BMI of people living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral drugs (P > 0.05). However, it was observed that gender had a significant determining effect on BMI, though not related to PAL. Conclusions: The findings possibly imply that the psychological effect and the stigma may be the determining factors for the unwillingness to engage in physical activities. This calls for a renewed sensitization and orientation in this aspect.
An examination of several in-basket scoring strategies and their effect on reliability and criterion-related validity

The in-basket exercise, a paper-and-pencil measure of administrative ability, is an assessment technique characterized by complex, often subjective scoring procedures which have limited wide-scale applications of this popular instrument. Because the literature affords no clear classification system for this and related exercises, a structure which clarified the definitions of and relationships among management games, management simulations, work sample tests, and in-basket exercises was introduced. The primary purpose of the present research was to investigate the cross-sample generalizability of several strategies for scoring the in-basket exercise, including a reduced-item scoring approach in which an optimal subset of items was identified for scoring. The preliminary studies upon which the present research is based are also discussed in the present work. In addition to examining the impact of these scoring strategies on reliability and criterion-related validity, consideration was given to addressing long-standing concerns of in-basket trainingand scoring time demands. Three hundred and twenty-one entry-level employees from a large western Canadian utility company were administered the same in-basket exercise previously applied in a different Canadian utility company. Contrary to expectations, the shrinkage in validity using an empirically-based scoring key was substantial, pointing to the selection of a more logically-derived panel key as the method of choice. The introduction of a new cognitive-based measure of in-basket performance showed promising results. In addition, the reduced-item scoring approach did not result in significant losses in reliability or criterion-related validity, thus allowing substantial reductions in trainingand scoring-time. Implications for in-basket development are also considered.
Bootstrap-based unit root tests for higher order autoregressive models with GARCH(1, 1) errors

ABSTRACT Bootstrap-based unit root tests are a viable alternative to asymptotic distribution-based procedures and, in some cases, are preferable because of the serious size distortions associated with the latter tests under certain situations. While several bootstrap-based unit root tests exist for autoregressive moving average processes with homoskedastic errors, only one such test is available when the innovations are conditionally heteroskedastic. The details for the exact implementation of this procedure are currently available only for the first order autoregressive processes. Monte-Carlo results are also published only for this limited case. In this paper we demonstrate how this procedure can be extended to higher order autoregressive processes through a transformed series used in augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root tests. We also investigate the finite sample properties for higher order processes through a Monte-Carlo study. Results show that the proposed tests have reasonable power and size properties.
Disease Burden of Dysmenorrhea: Impact on Life Course Potential

Abstract Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecologic condition among the female population and has a significant impact on life course potential. It has a widespread impact on a female's mental and physical well-being, with longstanding impairments on quality of life, personal relationships, and education and career attainment. Furthermore, untreated dysmenorrhea can lead to hyperalgesic priming, which predisposes to chronic pelvic pain. Primary dysmenorrhea is pain in the lower abdomen that occurs before or during menses and in the absence of pelvic pathology. One possible mechanism is endometrial inflammation and increased prostaglandin release, resulting in painful uterine contractions. Dysmenorrhea may also occur secondary to pelvic pathology, such as endometriosis, adenomyosis or due to cyclic exacerbation of non-gynecologic pain conditions. A thorough patient evaluation is essential to differentiate between potential causes and guide management. Treatment must be tailored to individual patient symptoms. Pharmacologic management with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and/or combined hormonal contraceptives is most common. Heat therapy, exercise, vitamins and dietary supplements have limited evidence and can be offered for patients seeking non-pharmacologic adjunctive or alternative options. Greater awareness for both health-care providers and patients allows for early intervention to reduce impact on quality of life and life course potential.
A Modified Embedded-Atom Method Potential for a Quaternary Fe-Cr-Si-Mo Solid Solution Alloy

Ferritic-martensitic steels, such as T91, are candidate materials for high-temperature applications, including superheaters, heat exchangers, and advanced nuclear reactors. Considering these alloys’ wide applications, an atomistic understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for their excellent mechano-chemical properties is crucial. Here, we developed a modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) potential for the Fe-Cr-Si-Mo quaternary alloy system—i.e., four major elements of T91—using a multi-objective optimization approach to fit thermomechanical properties reported using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental measurements. Elastic constants calculated using the proposed potential for binary interactions agreed well with ab initio calculations. Furthermore, the computed thermal expansion and self-diffusion coefficients employing this potential are in good agreement with other studies. This potential will offer insightful atomistic knowledge to design alloys for use in harsh environments.
Acetone degradation by cosmic rays in the solar neighbourhood and in the Galactic Centre

Acetone (CH3COCH3) was the first molecule with 10 atoms found in the interstellar medium. This molecule was found towards the hot molecular core Sagittarius B2 (N–LHM) and in the Orion–KL star-forming region towards the hot core. Laboratory data, such as the formation and destruction cross-sections and the half-life of the molecules, combined with theoretical calculations and astronomical observations, can help us to elucidate the processes that occur in the astronomical sources. In this work, we study the radiolysis of acetone ice by 40-MeV 58Ni11 + ions at 16 K. Pure acetone ice was bombarded with nickel ions, which are cosmic ray constituents that are highly efficient at inducing chemical reaction in ices, in order to provide experimental data for a model describing interaction with similar heavy constituents of cosmic rays (with z ≥ 10). The dissociation rate of pure acetone and its half-life in the interstellar medium in close proximity to the solar system and the Galactic Centre due to the main ions (H, He, C, Mg, O, Si, Fe, Ni) are predicted from recorded spectra and the current analysis. The formation of new molecular species by cosmic rays is discussed and the atom budget is analysed. The formation cross-section of species, as well as the penetration depth of some light and heavy ions, are also calculated. We present a discussion on the energy lost and the penetration depth of acetone ice.
Explanation v. Prediction: Which Carries More Weight?

Do predictions of novel facts provide stronger evidence for a theory than explanations of old ones? Sometimes yes, sometimes no. Which obtains has nothing to do with whether the evidence is predicted or explained, but only with the selection procedure used to generate the evidence. This is demonstrated by reference to a series of hypothetical drug cases and to Heinrich Hertz's 1883 cathode ray experiments.
Differences in the Diets of Female and Male Red Deer: The Meaning for Sexual Segregation

Simple Summary Male and female red deer typically live separately in single-sex groups throughout the year, except during the mating season when they come together in mixed groups to mate. This phenomenon is known as sexual segregation. Some experts believe that this segregation occurs because males and females have different nutritional requirements due to their distinct body sizes. Our study delves into the diets of both sexes in a Mediterranean mountainous environment and provides evidence that diet may be a contributing factor to sexual segregation. Our findings indicate that males consume more arboreal species, while both sexes primarily consume shrub species. Additionally, our research highlights the importance of evaluating other factors that may impact sexual segregation in ungulates across various species and populations. Abstract Sexual segregation is a common phenomenon among animals, particularly dimorphic ones. Although widely addressed, the reasons and consequences of sexual segregation are still an important topic in need of better understanding. In this study, we mainly evaluate the diet composition and feeding behaviour of animals, which are related to the use of different habitats by the sexes, a special case of sexual segregation also termed habitat segregation. Sexually size dimorphic males and females often have different energetic and nutritional needs and, thus, different diets. We collected fresh faecal samples from wild Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in Portugal. Samples were analysed in terms of diet composition and quality. As expected, both sexes differed in their diet composition, with males eating more arboreous species than females, but this difference was affected by sampling periods. Diet composition of both sexes had the biggest differences (and the lowest overlap) in spring, which corresponds to the end of gestation and beginning of birth. These differences might be a consequence of the sexual body size dimorphism characteristic of this species, as well as of different needs due to different reproductive costs. No differences regarding the quality of the excreted diet were observed. Our results may help to understand some patterns of sexual segregation observed in this red deer population. However, besides foraging ecology, other factors may also be contributing to sexual segregation in this Mediterranean population of red deer, and further studies focusing on sexual differences regarding feeding behaviour and digestibility are needed.
Multimodal Estimation of Frustrative Driving Situations Using a Latent Variable Model

Within recent years, it has become popular to use physiological and expression data to ameliorate inter-cognitive communication between human and machine. One emotion that is highly relevant for this is frustration, which occurs when a user's goal in using a system is failed to be met. This paper presents a latent variable model that estimates frustration in two different driving contexts by continuous subjective frustration rating, facial expressions and frontal alpha asymmetry in the electroencephalogram. We then compare this full model to models with less measurement variables to evaluate which measurements can be left out. Our results show that expression frequency and subjective frustration make important contributions to the model of experienced frustration. This paper presents a proof of concept for using a latent variable model to evaluate collected measures to estimate an experienced emotion. This method can inform researchers which measurements are most informative in different circumstances. Additionally, the method can be used to evaluate how well purely objective measurements (that are the only feasible measurements in most applied settings) perform in comparison to a model including subjective ratings.
Continuous Epidural Analgesia (CEA) via Single Catheter Providing Profound Analgesia for Pediatric Patients Following Posterior Spinal Fusion (PSF) in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)

Introduction: Posterior spinal fusion (PSF) is a commonly performed orthopedic procedure to correct scoliosis in children. Continuous epidural analgesia (CEA) is a proposed means of providing analgesia following PSF. Whether a single epidural catheter with the tip in the upper thorax can provide adequate analgesia for PSF, which often spans the upper thoracic to lower lumbar regions, is unresolved in the literature. Method: In this single-center, retrospective study, we reviewed 69 consecutive patients undergoing PSF for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with CEA at our institution from October 1, 2020 to May 26, 2022. Data for the entire cohort was divided into two time intervals before and after epidural removal, group epidural (Epi) and group no epidural (No Epi). Daily intravenous and oral opioid morphine equivalents per kilogram (OME/kg) plus mean and maximal visual analogue pain scores (VAS 0-10) were recorded from post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge to the end of postoperative day (POD) three. Results: 57 patients were included in the study. Opioid usage was 4.5 times greater in the 19 hours following removal of the epidural catheter when compared to the entire period (mean 65 hours) the epidural was in place (Group Epi 0.154 OME/kg vs Group No Epi 0.690 OME/kg, p<0.001). 51% (29/57) of patients did not require opioids (intravenous or oral) while the epidural was in place, all patients required opioids after epidural removal. Mean opioid usage while the epidural was in place was 9.3 OME, equivalent to approximately 6 mg of oxycodone. Mean and maximum pain scores increased significantly after removal of the epidural on POD 3 (mean pain score: Epi 3.4 (1.8) vs No Epi 4.1 (1.7); p<0.001) (max pain score: Epi 4.9 (2.5) vs No Epi 6.3 (2.1); p<0.001). Conclusions: This is the first study we are aware of to report pain scores and cumulative opioid requirements for PSF patients receiving CEA with a single epidural catheter before and after epidural removal. Opioid usage increased over four times in the 19 hours after epidural removal compared to the total opioid requirements while the epidural was infusing. Mean and maximum pain scores increased significantly after removal of the epidural on POD 3. This study firmly establishes that CEA with a single epidural catheter can provide profound analgesia for patients having PSF for AIS.
Fuzzy Geospatial Object-Based Membership Function Downscaling

The area-to-point kriging method (ATPK) is an important technology of downscaling without auxiliary information in remote sensing. However, it uses a constant semivariogram to downscale geospatial variables, which ignores the spatial heterogeneity between the geospatial objects. To deal with this kind of heterogeneity, this study proposes a fuzzy geospatial object-based ATPK method, which mainly consists of three steps: the extraction of fuzzy geospatial objects, the estimation of semivariograms for each object, and the downscaling of each object by ATPK with the corresponding semivariogram. Two groups of membership functions acquired from Worldview-2 and Sentinel-2 are used to test the proposed approach. Six classic downscaling algorithms are compared, and the results of two experiments show a better performance than the classical methods.
ORDER OF GROWTH OF PAINLEVÉ TRANSCENDENTS

The growth of transcendental solutions of the Painlevé differential equations have been recently considered in several papers by using complex analytic reasoning. In particular, this concerns the first Painlevé differential equation f ′′ = 6f + z, (1.1) as well as the second and fourth Painlevé equations f ′′ = 2f + zf + α, α ∈ C (1.2) and 2ff ′′ = (f ′)2 + 3f + 8zf + 4(z − α)f + 2β, α, β ∈ C. (1.3) It is well known that all solutions of these differential equations are meromorphic functions in the complex plane, see, e.g., [2]. One of the recent results about their growth proved by complex analytic methods is the following.
Targeted Sequencing of 10 , 198 Schizophrenia Samples

BACKGROUND: Sequencing studies have pointed to the involvement in schizophrenia of rare coding variants in neuronally expressed genes, including activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) and N-methyl-Daspartate receptor (NMDAR) complexes; however, larger samples are required to reveal novel genes and specific biological mechanisms. METHODS:We sequenced 187 genes, selected for prior evidence of association with schizophrenia, in a new dataset of 5207 cases and 4991 controls. Included among these genes were members of ARC and NMDAR postsynaptic protein complexes, as well as voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. We performed a rare variant metaanalysis with published sequencing data for a total of 11,319 cases, 15,854 controls, and 1136 trios. RESULTS: While no individual gene was significantly associated with schizophrenia after genome-wide correction for multiple testing, we strengthen the evidence that rare exonic variants in the ARC (p = 4.0 3 10) and NMDAR (p = 1.7 3 10) synaptic complexes are risk factors for schizophrenia. In addition, we found that loss-of-function variants and missense variants at paralog-conserved sites were enriched in voltage-gated sodium channels, particularly the alpha subunits (p = 8.6 3 10). CONCLUSIONS: In one of the largest sequencing studies of schizophrenia to date, we provide novel evidence that multiple voltage-gated sodium channels are involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis and confirm the involvement of ARC and NMDAR postsynaptic complexes.
Using Digital Measurement–Based Care to Address Symptoms of Inattention, Hyperactivity, and Opposition in Youth: Retrospective Analysis of Bend Health

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated behavioral disorders are highly prevalent in children and adolescents, yet many of them do not receive the care they need. Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) may address this need by providing accessible and high-quality care. Given the necessity for high levels of caregiver and primary care practitioner involvement in addressing ADHD symptoms and behavioral problems, collaborative care interventions that adopt a whole-family approach may be particularly well suited to reduce symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and opposition in children and adolescents. Objective The purpose of this study is to use member (ie, child and adolescent) data from Bend Health, Inc, a collaborative care DMHI that uses a whole-family approach to address child and adolescent mental health concerns, to (1) determine the effects of a collaborative care DMHI on inattention, hyperactivity, and oppositional symptoms in children and adolescents and (2) assess whether the effects of a collaborative care DMHI vary across ADHD subtypes and demographic factors. Methods Caregivers of children and adolescents with elevated symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, or opposition assessed their children’s symptom severity approximately every 30 days while participating in Bend Health, Inc. Data from 107 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years who exhibited clinically elevated symptoms at baseline were used to assess symptom severity across monthly assessments (inattention symptom group: n=91, 85.0%; hyperactivity symptom group: n=48, 44.9%; oppositional symptom group: n=70, 65.4%). The majority of the sample exhibited elevated symptoms of at least 2 symptom types at baseline (n=67, 62.6%). Results Members received care for up to 5.52 months and attended between 0 and 10 coaching, therapy, or psychiatry sessions through Bend Health, Inc. For those with at least 2 assessments, 71.0% (n=22) showed improvements in inattention symptoms, 60.0% (n=9) showed improvements in hyperactivity symptoms, and 60.0% (n=12) showed improvements in oppositional symptoms. When considering group-level change over time, symptom severity decreased over the course of treatment with Bend Health, Inc, for inattention (average decrease=3.51 points, P=.001) and hyperactivity (average decrease=3.07 points, P=.049) but not for oppositional symptoms (average decrease=0.70 points, P=.26). There was a main effect of the duration of care on symptom severity (P<.001) such that each additional month of care was associated with lower symptom scores. Conclusions This study offers promising early evidence that collaborative care DHMIs may facilitate improvements in ADHD symptoms among children and adolescents, addressing the growing need for accessible and high-quality care for behavioral health problems in the United States. However, additional follow-up studies bolstered by larger samples and control groups are necessary to further establish the robustness of these findings.
Computer Vision Applications In Construction And Asset Management Phases: A Literature Review

Recent advances in digital photography and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms make visual data from construction project sites more accessible to project teams. To semi-automatically or automatically obtain the essential information, evaluate the ongoing activities or operations, and address project-level challenges, researchers have focused on applying various computer vision (CV)-based methods to process and interpret the acquired visual data. This research developed a framework to summarize the vision-based methods that have been applied to construction/asset management operations through a systematic literature review. The reviewed literature was composed of 103 journal papers from 2011 to 2020. All the reviewed journal papers were from the Ei Compendex database with specific search criteria. The developed framework consisted of two parts: use cases and CV domains. Use cases contained five aspects: safety monitoring, productivity improvement, progress monitoring, infrastructure inspection, and robotic application. CV domains contained six aspects: image processing, object classification, object detection, object tracking, pose estimation, and 3D reconstruction. All eleven aspects were integrated from the reviewed papers. For each reviewed paper, the general workflow of applied vision-based approaches was described and categorized into each use case. A trending timeline was developed to analyze the popularity of the identified use cases and CV domains within the reviewed time period. Both the quantity and variety of construction use cases and CV domains have increased. Challenges and limitations of applying CV-based methods in the construction industry were also identified. This paper provides readers with a summary of how CV-based methods have been used in the construction industry and serve as a reference for future research and development.