Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occupational Health Hazard of Egyptian Employees in Contact with Wastage Nourished Swine

Egyptian swine still they are free nourished on wastages in small herds without veterinary health measures. Because of their omnivore's behavior, pigs are naturally exposed to zoonotic agents in their setting with subsequent direct human occupational hazards. Brucellosis, Leptospirosis and Toxoplasmosis are the major diseases link human exposure for natives in contact with swine. So, updating the sero-prevalence of these pathogens among contact employees reflect to how extent the human bio-hazards are due to direct contact with swine or their contaminant subset. Therefore, sera of 230 free wastage nourished pigs were collected at Cairo, Egypt. Also, 127 serum samples were collected from racing occupational workers. Human and swine sera were serologically analyzed for antibodies against Brucella, Leptospira and Toxoplasma by using commercial kits. Antibodies against Brucella were detected in 29/ 230 (12.61 %) of swine sera, and 11/127 (8.66 %) of workers sera by using Rose Bengal plate test. Antibodies against Leptospira serovars were detected in 53/230 (23.04%) of swine sera using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) at a titer of 1:200. The highest seroprevalence was recorded for L. pomona (45.28%), followed by L. grippotyphosa (33.96%) and L. icterohaemorrahgiae (20.75%). The seropositive human sera were 25.9% with the highest incidence corresponding to L. pomona serovar (11%). Results of the indirect fluorescent antibody test showed that anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were detected in 74.78% (172/230) and 37.79% (48/127) of swine and contact employees respectively. It can be concluded that serological assays concerning brucellosis, leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis verify direct occupational exposure for high risk group's manipulating employees through carrier animals or their pollutant conditions. [Ashraf, M. Barakat; Hassan, A. El Fadaly; Raafat, M. Shaapan and Fathia, A.M. Khalil. Occupational Health Hazard of Egyptian Employees in Contact with Wastage Nourished Swine. Journal of American Science 2011;7(1):808-903]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org.
SURVEY ON OCCURRENCE AND ABUNDANCE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL SPORES IN SOILS OF THORN SCRUB JUNGLE FORESTS OF NILGIRI FOOT HILLS G.USHARANI*

The soils of Forest College and Research Institute were surveyed for the occurrence and abundance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal spores (AMF) in the rhizosphere region of selected tree species. The percent infections and VAM spore load in root sample of selected 15 trees were estimated. Maximum VAM infection and spore load in rhizosphere soil is found in Peltophorum pterocarpum and Dicrostachys cineraria. Minimum infection of VAM and spore load is found in the rhizosphere soil of Sapindus emarginatus.
The Effect of Literature-response Activities on the Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency of Iranian EFL Learners' L2 Oral Productions

This study aimed at investigating the effects of literature-response activities on oral production of Iranian EFL learners, focusing on complexity, accuracy and fluency. The participants of this study were 40 female EFL learners in a language center in Iran. They were divided into two groups (n=20) ,one experimental and other control group. Some pieces of short literature reading texts with interesting content and with appropriate readability were given to the experimental group in order to motivate them to think and talk about their similar experiences. On the other hand, non-literary was studied by students. ANCOVA tests revealed that literature-based activities improved the complexity, accuracy and fluency of Iranian EFL learners’ oral performance. The findings of this study had several pedagogical implications which might be beneficial for teachers, EFL learners, materials developers, and curriculum designers.
Survey of Mast Cells Density in the Most Prevalent Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors in Southeast of Iran, 2005-2015

ﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﯽﮑ Background and Objective: Salivary gland tumors are an important part of oral pathology. The role of these cells in tumorigenesis has been reported but enough investigations have not been conducted about the role of mast cells in salivary gland tumors. This research aimed to study mast cells density in the most prevalent salivary gland tumors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 70 cases of most common benign and malignant salivary gland tumors and 10 cases of normal salivary gland were enrolled from Kerman and Shiraz hospitals from 2005 to 2015. Sections were stained and data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test, chi-square, independent, and paired t-test. Results: The average mast cells count increased significantly in salivary gland tumors compared to normal salivary glands both in intra and peri-tumoral stroma (p=0.001). There was a significant difference between benign and malignant tumors in peri-tumoral stroma (p=0.002) but not in intra tumoral stroma. In comparison between mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma, there was a significant difference in peri-tumoral stroma (p=0.015) and not in intra-tumoral stroma. Mast cells density was significantly higher in grade I of mucoepidermoid carcinoma compared to the grades II and III (p=0.001). Conclusion: Mast cells density seems to have relation with tumorgenesis process and grade of malignancy.
Meta-analysis of Prevalence of Clinical Mastitis in Crossbred Cows in India (1995–2014)

Clinical mastitis is a most common disease in dairy herds causing huge economic losses directly to farmers and indirectly to Indian dairy sector. However, systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of clinical mastitis in cows in India has not been published so far. The aim of the present study was to provide the pooled estimate of the prevalence of clinical mastitis in crossbred cows in India by conducting the literature search for the period of 1995-2014. Meta-analysis using data records of 17873 crossbred cows and 7737 udder quarters from total of 17 published studies was done in R software. It was found that the pooled estimates of clinical mastitis in crossbred cows under cow-basis and quarter-basis was 16.08% (95% CI 11.69, 21.72) and 11.71% (95% CI 6.60, 19.94), respectively. High variation in prevalence estimates between studies indicated that several factors infl uence occurrence of clinical mastitis. It is suggested that systematic review and meta-analysis using large number of studies and incorporating several factors can be effi cient tool to update the disease control strategy and will be best resource for researchers to improve future work.
Pengaruh Konseling Obat Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Kepatuhan Pasien Congestive Heart Failure

Kepatuhan terapi merupakan poin yang sangat penting dalam keberhasilan terapi pasien CHF. Namun, kepatuhan tersebut sangat rendah sehingga dilakukan upaya peningkatan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan terapi melalui konseling obat oleh farmasis. Rancangan jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi-eksperimental, one-group pretest-posttest design, dengan populasi pasien CHF di IRNA Jantung RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang pada bulan Maret â€“ Desember 2014. Teknik pengambilan sampel berupa purposive sampling (50 pasien) dengan kuesioner dan wawancara langsung. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Crosstab, Chi-Square, Paired-sample T-test, Pearson Product Moment, regresi linier sederhana, regresi linear berganda dan SPSS versi 17. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konseling obat secara signifikan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan pasien (97,2% dan 77,6% (p < 0,05)).
Assessment of risk factors among type 2 diabetic populations in South Malabar region of Kerala

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous metabolic disorders characterized by common feature of chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing day by day all over the world. DM is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality the world over. It is estimated that approximately 1% of population suffers from DM. This study is intended to access the various predisposing factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients in South Malabar region. To the best of our knowledge this type of study was not conducted earlier. It can be therefore be interpreted that in the South Malabar region of Kerala the prevalence of diabetes can be mainly attributed to the food habits, reduced physical activity and family history. Sex and age also are relevant factors as they cover more than 50% of their significance. It is observed that male subjects are more susceptible for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Older people are at a greater risk of being diabetic. Primary standard of education and rural residence had shown clear association with incidence of diabetes. Patient awareness has a greater role in preventing the progression of the disease. Education therefore is a very important factor Dietary habits and body built of the patients are also significant factors in the leading to the development of diabetes. Dietary restrictions must be insisted for diabetic subjects and people must be informed of the importance of taking food rich in dietary fibers and antioxidants. This is because that people from the rural region mainly consumes carbohydrate and fat rich food due to its wide availability.
COMPARATIVE TRENDS OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO POPULATION AROUND LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Bovine tuberculosis is a re-emerging zoonosis of socioeconomic importance. The present study was aimed to investigate the comparative prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes at public and private livestock farms around Lahore district from year 20102012. A total of 1031 animals comprising 517 cattle (221 male; 296 female) and 514 buffaloes (218 male; 296 female) showing signs of emaciation and swollen lymph nodes were selected randomly. The selected animals were subjected to single intra-dermal tuberculin test (SICTT). The animals positive by SICTT were further confirmed by PCR for presence of Mycobacterium bovis. The results indicated that the overall incidence of tuberculosis was more in buffaloes than cattle (3.30% vs 2.12%). The study also revealed that the disease was more prevalent in females (buffaloes 4.05%; cattle 2.36%) than males (buffalo bulls 2.29%; cattle bulls 1.80%) in both species. We also determined the association of mastitis with T.B in female animals suffering from clinical mastitis. But the results indicated no co-relation of Mycobacterium bovis with mastitis. We concluded that in areas around Lahore the incidence of bovine tuberculosis is more in buffaloes than cattle with more percentage of female animals affected. While bovine T.B and mastitis are not
The Effect of Oral Administration of Bisphenol A on Tissue and Liver Enzymes, Serum Lipids and Blood Glucose in Rats

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound of carbon with chemical formula (CH3)2C (C6H4OH)2. In this study 20 adult male rats were selected and divided into 4 groups of 5including group I (Control), group II (Shame) and groups III and IV(receiving BPA at doses of 5 and 50 μg/kg/day respectively). BPA was given to rats by gavage for 15 days and blood samples were collected. Serum lipids (Triglyceride, Total Cholesterol, HDL and LDL), Serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and serum glucose values were measured. According to the data, using BPA at 2 doses caused a significant reduction (P<0.05) in liver enzymes level and a significant increase in LDL level, but had no effect on lipids and blood sugar. BPA at the low dose caused a significant increase in Triglyceride. Therefore within these doses and during the research (2 weeks), BPA does not cause fatty liver.
HISTOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF FORMALDEHYDE ON MICE LIVER AND KIDNEY AND POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF SELENIUM

This study was performed to identify the histological changes in the Liver and kidney resulting from formaldehyde injection and to investigate the possible protective role of selenium in repairing the hepatic and renal damage. Twenty four albino male mice were included in this study; intraperitoneal administration was adopted. Mice were divided into three groups (n=8). Group 1 mice received 5ml/kg. water for injection daily for five days (Control Group). Group 2 received 30mg/kg. of formaldehyde daily for five days. Group 3 (Cure Group) received formaldehyde daily for five days followed by daily administration of selenium (100μg/kg) for the next five days. Specimens of liver and kidney were evaluated histologically by Hematoxylin and Eosin and Mallory Trichrome stains. The result showed that formaldehyde exposure induced many histological changes in the liver and kidney. In formaldehyde treated group, the hepatocytes exhibited a vacuolated cytoplasm, dilated congested blood sinusoids, congested blood vessels and the von kupffer cells became more prominent. In the renal cortex, some glomeruli had dilated Bowman’s capsule space. The renal cortex exhibited a vacuolated cytoplasm of proximal convoluted tubules with loss of integrity of their brush border; also congested renal blood vessels and little damage of renal tubules were observed. Treatment with selenium led to a marked improvement of most of the previously mentioned changes as disappearance of cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes and preservation of renal tissue in a way that resembles the control. It can be concluded that, the short term exposure to formaldehyde can cause remarkable damage in the liver and kidney tissues; treatment with selenium as an antioxidant agent was effective in reversing the damage caused by formaldehyde in both liver and kidney.
Emergence of non-albicans Candida species in critical care patients of a tertiary care hospital

Introduction: Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infections, resulting in a variety of manifestations ranging from mucocutaneous lesions to life-threatening invasive diseases, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Although C.albicans is most common cause of candidiasis, a shift towards non-albicans Candida species is evident in recent years. The transition of Candida spp. from commensal to a potent pathogen is facilitated by a number of virulence factors viz. adherence to host tissues and medical devices, biofilm formation, and secretion of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. Objective: To study the prevalence of C.albicans & Non-albicans isolates in critical care settings. Material & Methods: The present study was carried out in the Mycology section of Microbiology Department, SGRUHS, Amritsar during the period of July 2014 to June 2016. Candida strains isolated from various clinical samples (i.e. urine, blood, foley’s catheter tip etc.) received from different ICUs of the hospital were included in the study. The isolates were identified upto species level by both conventional and automated methods (vitek 2 compact system) as per CLSI guidelines. Relevant history of all the patients was taken. Results: Out of the 115 isolates obtained from various ICUs, most common isolate was C.tropicalis 60/115(52.17%) followed by C.albicans 45/115(39.13%) and C.utilis 7/115 (6.25%). Isolates of C.lusitaniae, C.parasillosis & C.glabrata were 1/115 (0.86%) each. Conclusions: Our study showed a shift among Candida species from albicans (39.13%) to non-albicans (60.86), thus stressing their emergence as major fungal pathogens in critical care settings.
Locus of Control in Relation to Academic Achievement of College Students in Meghalaya

Locus of Control was developed by Julian Rotter, based on the Social Learning Theory the main ideawas that the generalized expectancies of people govern one’s belief and act accordingly. Locus of Control plays an important role in motivating learning and developing a better person, which affect the achievement of students. The investigator felt the need to investigate the relationship between Locus of Control and Academic Achievement of college students in Meghalaya. The present study has adopted Descriptive survey method. The sample for the present study consisted of 797 students of bachelor degree of final year, selected by stratified random sampling technique. The tool used for collecting Locus of Control data was constructed and standardised by the investigator. The study found that majority of students have average Internal and External Locus of Control. The study found a significant difference in Internal Locus of Control between urban and rural college students, between Science and Commerce students, between Science and Arts students, but there was no significant difference in Internal Locus of Control between genders and between Commerce and Arts students. The study found no significant difference in External Locus of Control between gender, between locale, between Arts and Commerce students, but there was a significant difference between Science and Commerce and between Science and Arts students. The study found that there was a strong positive correlation between Internal Locus of Control and Academic Achievement among college students from different streams, in both the gender, from colleges of both the locale. The study found that there was a moderate positive correlation between External Locus of Control and Academic Achievement among students from different streams, in both the gender and from colleges of both the locale. The study concluded that in order to help the students to be more successful in life, Internal Locus of Control needs to be encouraged among students, students would work harder for their progress because of the believe one’s is responsible for his or her success or failure.
Smartphones and professionalism: A cross-sectional study on interns andfinal-year medical students

The smartphone is a powerful tool that can be used to improve the health care system as long as certain checks and balances are implemented. It is commonly used by health care providers and medical students. A cross-sectional study conducted at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Final-year medical students and interns were included. A survey was distributed and divided into three sections: personal technology, experiences of using smartphones during clinical rotations, and attitudes about the usage of smartphones for clinical work. A total of 156 interns and students participated in the study. All of them owned a smartphone. Three-quarters of the respondents used their mobile for personal purposes, while 71.2% used them to look up medical references and resources. Respondents also used personal mobiles to keep in contact with team members regarding patient- (29.5%) and non-patientrelated issues (26.3%). Some 16% of participants did not have any security features on their smartphones. Over half the participants did not get proper instructions about using their smartphones from either their medical college or senior residents or consultants. There is a lot to be done in this area, as certain regulations need to be carried out to lead toward a world that is pro-technology, health centered, and safe.
Evaluation and Characterization of Tannery Wastewater

 Abstract— The leather industry is suffering from the negative impact generated by the pollution it causes to the environment. Nearly 70% of the pollution loads of BOD, COD, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) are generated from soaking, liming, degreasing, pickling and tanning processes. There is an enormous pressure from the various pollution control bodies to regulate and minimize the amount of pollution generated from the leather processing. The need for use of alternative to chemical methods to combat pollution problem have become necessary to protect the industry and to comply with the environmental norms. In the present study, effluent samples were collected from a tannery in Khartoum -Sudan. The effluent samples were collected from the all stages of processing viz., soaking, liming, deliming, pickling, Chrome tanning and Retanning. The physicochemical parameters of the tannery effluent viz., pH, alkalinity, acidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), suspended solids (SS), chlorides and sulfides were determined. All the parameters included in this study are found to be higher than the prescribed discharge limits for tannery industries. The investigation of the tannery wastewater from different tanning processes gave a number of conclusions. The results indicate that the wastewaters from the tanneries do not satisfy the legal ranges of selected parameters discharge to inland water and to sewer.
A Here-and-Now Stochastic Economic Dispatch with Non-smooth Fuel Cost Function and Emission Constraint

In this paper, an Economic Dispatch (ED) model is developed for the system consisting of both thermal generators and wind turbines. The inclusion of a significant amount of wind energy into power systems has resulted in additional constraints on ED to accommodate the intermittent nature of the output. The probability of stochastic wind power based on the Weibull probability density function is included in the model as a constraint; the here-and-now strategy. The losses in terms of Bcoefficients and more general cost functions are added to our model to obtain more realistic, practical, and accurate economic dispatch model. Also, the Environmental Protection Agency’s hourly emission target, which gives the maximum emission during the day, is used as a constraint, to reduce the atmospheric pollution. A 69-bus ten-unit test system with non-smooth cost function is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model compared with conventional economic dispatch model.
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is an acute to chronic viral disease of salmonids that causes serious economic problems in rainbow trout cultured in several European countries. Although this disease has not been detected in North America, it is included here as a disease of significant concern. The disease was first recognized by Schaeperclaus in Germany in 1938. In 1949, the disease was named Egtved disease after an outbreak in Denmark near a village of that name. In 1966, the Oftice Intematlonale d’Epizooties recommended that the name be changed to viral hemorrhagic septicemia to reduce confusion due to the names used in the various European countries where it occurs (Roberts 1978). Viral hemorrhagic septicemia is caused by a bullet-shaped virus similar in size and shape to the virus that causes infectous hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in North American salmonids. The VHS virus can be distinguished from IHN by specific serum neutralization tests (McAllister et al. 1974). Losses to VHS among infected rainbow trout fingerlings often exceed 90%. If fish are exposed for the first time at older ages, the resultant disease is more chronic and has a more prolonged course. Losses can be severe in cold water under crowded, stressful situations, even among older fish. The disease is transmitted by contact and from fish to fish through the water (Rasmussen 1965). If parent to progeny transmission occurs, it is suspected that the virus is spread as a contaminant during spawning operations rather than by the virus being carried within the egg (Roberts 1978). Outbreaks of VHS are most common and most severe during the winter. Losses taper off in the spring as water temperatures rise, cease during the summer, then recur sporadically in the fall. As for other viral diseases, there is no therapy for VHS. Avoidance is the only successful control technique (Ghittino 1965).