Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetics and genomic patterns of speciation in Pinus with an empahsis on subgenus Strobus

approved: Data from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (nrITS) and chioroplast DNA (cpDNA) have failed to resolve phylogenetic relationships in Pinus. To provide greater interspecific resolution, five low-copy nuclear genes were developed from mapped conifer anchor loci. Four genes were sequenced from species representing all Pinus subsections. Individual loci do not uniformly support the nrITS or cpDNA hypotheses. Combined analysis of low-copy nuclear loci produces a well-supported subsectional topology. The phylogenetic positions ofF. nelsonii and P. krempfui are of systematic interest. Results strongly support P. nelsonii as sister to sect. Parrya, and suggest a moderately well-supported position of P. krempfii as sister to the remaining sect. Quinquefoliae. The most informative locus, a Late Embryogenesis Abundant-like gene, was used to explore phylogenetic relationships among closely related species in subg. Strobus. Thirty-nine species were sequenced, with two or more alleles representing 33 species. Nineteen of 33 species exhibited allelic nonmonophyly in the strict consensus tree. Nucleotide diversity was strongly associated (P<0.000 1) with the degree of species monophyly. While species nonmonophyly complicates phylogenetic interpretations, this locus offers greater topological support than cpDNA or nrITS. Lacking evidence for hybridization, recombination, or imperfect taxonomy, incomplete lineage sorting remains the best explanation for trans-species polymorphisms. The absence of allelic coalescence is a severe constraint in the application of phylogenetic methods in Pinus, and taxa sharing similar life history traits may show analogous patterns. While lack of coalescence may limit their utility in traditional phylogenetics, nuclear genes remain highly informative in describing speciation events. Pinus chiapensis is a threatened Redacted for Privacy Redacted for Privacy species originally described as a variety ofF. strobus. Prior morphological work suggests P. chiapensis is a distinct species, but that taxonomy is not universally accepted. Multiple accessions of three probable progenitors were sequenced at three nuclear loci. No interspecific allele sharing occurs with P. chiapensis, and its alleles are monophyletic at two loci. Results demonstrate that P. chiapensis is a distinct species. However, determination of the sister species is complicated by lack of species monophyly and interlocus variability. Pinus ayacahuite is the least likely progenitor, but the relationship of P. chiapensis to P. monticola or P. strobus is unclear. © Copyright by John V. Syring May 5, 2006 All Rights Reserved PHYLOGENETICS AND GENOMIC PATTERNS OF SPECIATION IN PINUS WITH AN EMPHASIS ON SUBGENUS STROBUS
Disposition Bias Investor Decisions, Accounting Measures, Stock Price, and Certain Market Indicators in the Financial Crisis Period: The Fact from Indonesian Stock Exchange 2008-2009

This study investigates how investor’s behavior i.e. disposition effect affect stock price in Indonesian Stock Exchange in the period of financial crisis (2008 – 2009). This study also investigates how are accounting measures (earning per share and book value per share) and certain market indicators (stock trading volume and stock price volatility) in the relationship of disposition effect and stock price. Multiple linear regression analyses perform to analyze of the population of 398 firms listed in the IDX in the year 2009, from where a sample of 53 firms was selected based on an inclusion criterion. This study uses daily investors transaction data of the period January-June 2008 (before financial crisis), July-December 2008 (during financial crisis), and January-June 2009 (after financial crisis). This study indicated that disposition bias by investors affect negatively stock price and weaken the positive relationship between EPS and SP during and after financial crisis period, but weaken the positive relationship between BVS and SP before financial crisis period. The other results show that VOL elicit negative effects on SP in the period before the financial crisis, but VOT has a negative effect on SP for the period during and after a financial crisis. Stock market practitioners and researchers should consider disposition bias by investors in the stock market to make better analyses of stock price, accounting measures, and certain market indicators. This study provide evidence that behavioral bias i.e. disposition effect by investors in decision making occurred in Indonesian Stock Exchange and affect negatively stock price and weakens the relationship between information of firm fundamental value and stock price during period of normal and financial crisis.
Changes in the number of weed seeds in soil under different tillage systems of winter wheat

The aim of performed research was to evaluate weed seedbank in soil under the influence of four different winter wheat tillage systems. Winter wheat was grown in the following cultivation systems: A – monoculture with direct drilling into white clover mulch; B – monoculture with direct drilling into wheat stubble; C – monoculture with conventional tillage; D – crop rotation with conventional tillage. It was shown that pre-sowing wheat tillage had a more considerable effect on weed species and weed seedbank in soil than type of crop rotation. The least seedbank was observed when plough system was replaced by direct drilling. In the soil layer of 0–20 cm, under wheat no-plough tillage, 20.3% less weed diaspores was found compared to monoculture with plough tillage and by 40.1% less than in crop rotation. The plough tillage increased amount of weed diaspores in the whole plough layer, while direct drilling increased it only in 0–1 cm of soil layer. After direct drilling of wheat into stubble (B) the number of weed diaspores in 1 dcm of soil in 0–1 cm layer was over twofold higher than in direct sowing in mulch (A), and threefold higher than in crop rotation (D) and almost six times higher than in wheat monoculture with conventional tillage (C). Dominating weed species in the soil over the types of wheat cultivation systems were: Chenopodium album L. , Amaranthus retroflexus L. , Apera spica-venti L. , Lamium purpureum L. , and Viola arvensis Murr.
The Role of Marketer-Generated Content in Customer Engagement Marketing

Despite the demonstrated importance of customer sentiment in social media for outcomes such as purchase behavior and of firms’ increasing use of customer engagement initiatives, surprisingly few studies have investigated firms’ ability to influence the sentiment of customers’ digital engagement. Many firms track buyers’ offline interactions, design online content to coincide with customers’ experiences, and face varied performance during events, enabling the modification of marketer-generated content to correspond to the event outcomes. This study examines the role of firms’ social media engagement initiatives surrounding customers’ experiential interaction events in influencing the sentiment of customers’ digital engagement. Results indicate that marketers can influence the sentiment of customers’ digital engagement beyond their performance during customers’ interactions, and for unfavorable event outcomes, informational marketer-generated content, more so than emotional content, can enhance customer sentiment. This study also highlights sentiment’s role as a leading indicator for customer lifetime value.
Implementing a Systematic Long-only Momentum Strategy: Evidence From India

We show that a monthly-rebalanced, long-only portfolio of top-decile stocks selected from the NIFTY100 using `off-the-shelf' momentum criteria significantly outperforms the NIFTY100 Index - both in terms of absolute returns (by 10.70% pa) and risk adjusted returns, with a mean turnover of 32.10% per month. We show that momentum persists in the near term but dissipates over time. We demonstrate that our long-only approach has a significant tilt to the momentum factor. We also show that time in the market rather than timing the market is important for momentum investing. The strategy has higher volatility and the occasional momentum crash. The strategy's out performance survives real-world implementation given the rise of discount brokers in India. In the absence of cheap ETFs to get exposure to momentum, the systematic long-only strategy from the most liquid part of the market using `off-the-shelf' criteria provides a practical, executable investment methodology that exposes an investor to momentum in the Indian market.
INTERACTIONS OF WOLVES AND DOGS IN MINNESOTA

Wolves (Canis (upus) are the progenitors of dogs (C. familiaris) (Olsen 1985), and the 2 species interbreed (Jljin 1941 cited by Mech 1970). They also fight with one another, and wolves are known to eat dogs (Young 1944, Mech 1970), but such interactions are mentioned only briefly in scientific literature. In the United States outside of Alaska, the wolf exists only in Minnesota, where it is classified by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as threatened (43 Fed. Regist. 9612, 9 Mar 1978), and in parts of northern Wisconsin, Michigan, northwestern Montana, and possibly Idaho, where it is classified as endangered (43 Fed. Regist. 9612, 9 Mar 1978). However, recovery plans for the eastern timber wolf, Northern Rocky Mountain wolf, and Mexican wolf identify other areas of the United States for potential reintroduction. These areas include Yellowstone National Park; parts of northern New York, Maine, and the southern Appalachians; the Upper Peninsula of Michigan; northern Wisconsin; and parts of the Southwest. About 1,200 wolves exist in Minnesota (Bailey 1978, Berg and Kuehn 1982). White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are the primary prey of wolves in Minnesota, with secondary prey including moose (Alces alces), beaver (Castor canadensis), and snowshoe hares (Lepus americans) (Frenzel 1974, Van Ballenberghe et al. 1975 Fritts and Mech 1981). A major issue in public acceptance of wolves is the potential for depredation on domestic animals. Current information on wolf interactions with domestic animals in North America is scarce (Fritts 1982, Bjorge and Gunson 1983, Gunson 1983, Tompa 1983, Mech et al. 1988a) and information on the specific problem of depredations on dogs is especially rare (Tompa 1983). We report on the nature and extent of wolf-dog interactions in Minnesota, based on investigations of complaints received by personnel of the federal government dealing with wolf-depredation control. Our findings may indicate the wolf-dog interactions that can be expected in other recovery areas.
Immune profiles in sheep following experimental infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

Johne's disease in ruminants is caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. An experimental infection model in sheep was developed as a prelude to the testing of new vaccines and the development of improved diagnostic assays for Johne's disease. The final challenge model developed used four doses of 10 viable organisms given at two to three day intervals. Gross and microscopic lesions were found in a high proportion of sheep (80%) at ten months post challenge. There was considerable variation in immune responses from animals challenged with different strains of M. paratuberculosis. Sheep challenged with a low passage laboratory culture of strain (W) M paratuberculosis, produced strong lymphocyte transformation responses and Interferon gamma (IFN-y) production at two months post challenge. Subsequent necropsy and culture from intestinal tissues showed only a low level of infection (25%). In comparison a primary tissue isolate of M. paratuberculosis (JD3) resulted in higher (60-90%) infection rates in orally challenged animals. The immune profile from these animals showed very little reactivity for the first three months post challenge, after which IFN-y production could be detected. Antibody production and lymphocyte transformation response could not be measured until at least seven months post challenge. Sheep challenged with the primary tissue isolate instilled directly into the tonsil resulted in equivalent levels of Johne's disease to those obtained with oral challenge. However, intratonsillar challenge resulted in higher levels of immune reactivity than oral challenge. The propriytary Johne's vaccines; NeoparsecTM and GudairTM and an Aqueous vaccine were tested in sheep. The immunological reactions of the sheep to these vaccines showed some variations between the two separate studies, with the NeoparasecTM and GudairTM vaccines evoking high levels of CMI and humoral reactivity within two months of vaccination. Detailed immunological examination of gut associated lymphoid tissues were carried out on subgroups of animals that were either vaccinated or non-vaccinated and went on to develop disease or were immune to experimental challenge. The results showed that the diseased animals examined
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SAFETY AND PHYSICAL WORK ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

This study aims to determine the effect of occupational health safety programs and physical work conditions on the performance of production department employees at PT Bahagia Jaya Sejahtera. The population and sample amounted to 36 employees in the production section at PT Bahagia Jaya Sejahtera. Data collection through questionnaires and interviews. Instrument testing is done with validity and reliability. Analysis of research data includes multiple regression analysis, correlation and simultaneous and partial significance tests. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis the occupational health safety program and physical work environment conditions have a positive and significant effect on performance and the F test results state that simultaneous occupational health safety programs and physical work environment conditions affect employee performance. While the results of the test state that workload and work environment partially affect employee performance Increased workload within the limits of the ability of employees can improve employee performance.
Hapalidiaceae (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) no litoral brasileiro - diversidade e biogeografia

Non-geniculate coralline algae comprise about 600 species and are widely distributed in all oceans, from the tropics to the polar regions and are found from the intertidal zone to 268m depth. Many species are recognized to have a wide distribution. However, using epithets to morphologically similar specimens from distant localities should be used with caution. Barriers imposed to dispersal by distance and ecophysiological conditions, or even similar morphologies as the result of convergent evolution may have led to the emergence of cryptic species among Hapalidiaceae. In the present study, a new species of Mesophyllum is described for the Tropical Brazilian Province and two new species of Lithothamnion for the Espírito Santo state based on morphological and molecular data. Mesophyllum cf. incisum and Mesophyllum cf. engelhartii were also identified. However, the differences found for the markers psbA and rbcL compared to sequences available in GenBank, suggesting the existence of distinct species under the same epithet. Brazilian specimens, including the type locality of M. erubescens, were characterized morphologically and molecularly. After exhaustive morphological and anatomical comparison, diagnostic features were not found of any intra or interspecific differences. Plastidial DNA data indicate that morphological characteristics used in the delimitation of M. erubescens do not reflect the diversity of the taxa, which must be subdivided into at least 12 new species. In so doing, the use of DNA Barcoding is critical in determining species and eventually representatives of this complex in other regions of the world.
Survival rate and mortality of juvenile and immature eastern imperial eagles (Aquila heliaca) from Bulgaria studied by satellite telemetry

Abstract A long-living species like A. heliaca has a natal dispersal period lasting several years. This period is crucial for the survival and conservation of the eagles. In this study we present mortality factors and the survival rate of juvenile and immature A. heliaca from Bulgaria as established by satellite telemetry. A total of 20 juvenile A. heliaca were fitted with GPS/Argos transmitters in their nests in Bulgaria. Fourteen birds were tracked till their death and the bodies were found. Tracking allows the survival rate of juvenile and immature A. heliaca to be estimated for the first time. It is 59.1% for the first calendar year, 83.3% for the second calendar year and 80.0% for the third calendar year. The main mortality factor for juvenile and immature A. heliaca from the Bulgarian population is electrocution, which caused 59.0% of the mortality cases. Other threats identified are shooting, poisoning and collisions. Most of the fatalities of these tracked eagles occurred in Bulgaria (50%) and Turkey (43%). Thus, Turkey is a key country for conservation of the Bulgarian population ofA. heliaca during its dispersal period. Eagles from Bulgaria have been recorded dispersing further south, to Sudan and Saudi Arabia. Conservation efforts are needed both inside and outside Bulgaria in order to reduce mortality. International collaboration and the exchange of experiences should be part of any conservation strategy or plans focused on the eastern imperial eagle. Abstrakt U dlhožijúceho druhu A. heliaca trvá disperzia z miesta vyliahnutia niekolko rokov. Je to obdobie velmi dôležité pre prežitie a ochranu orlov. V tejto štúdii prezentujeme faktory mortality a prežívanie mladých a imaturných A. heliaca z Bulharska na základe štúdia satelitnou telemetriou. Celkom bolo v hniezdach v Bulharsku vysielackami GPS / Argos oznacených 20 mladých A. heliaca. Štrnást vtákov bolo sledovaných až do smrti vrátane nálezov kadáverov. Ide o prvé takéto štúdium prežívania mladých a imaturných jedincov A. heliaca. Prežívanie má hodnotu 59.1 % v prvom kalendárnom roku, 83.3 % v druhom a 80,0 % v tretom kalendárnom roku. Hlavným faktorom mortality sledovaných jedincov z bulharskej populácie je smrt v dôsledku zásahu elektrickým prúdom, ktorý spôsobil 59,0 % prípadov mortality. Dalšie identifikované hrozby sú zástrely, otravy a kolízie. Väcšina prípadov mortality sledovaných orlov nastala v Bulharsku (50%) a v Turecku (43%). Preto je Turecko klúcovou krajinou pre ochranu bulharskej populácie A. heliaca pocas jeho disperzie. Orly z Bulharska sa rozptylujú aj dalej na juh, do Sudánu a do Saudskej Arábie. Preto je potrebné ochranárske úsilie s cielom zníženia mortality tak vo vnútri ako aj mimo Bulharska. Medzinárodná spolupráca a výmena skúseností by preto mala byt súcastou každej stratégie ochrany a plánov zameraných na ochranu orla královského.
Yeast V-ATPase Regulation by Phosphofructokinase-1

V-ATPase is a vacuolar (lysosome-like) ATPase-dependent proton pump necessary for maintaining pH homeostasis in the organelles of the endomembrane system. It also contributes to regulation of the cytosol pH and the extracellular pH. In specialized cells (renal intercalated cells, epididymis clear cells, and osteoclasts), V-ATPase proton transport supports urinary acidification, sperm maturation, and bone resorption. Genetic mutations of V-ATPase expressed in those tissue-specific cells cause distal renal tubular acidosis, infertility, and osteopetrosis. V-ATPases are composed of a peripheral domain (V1), which hydrolyzes ATP, and a membrane-bound domain (Vo), which transports proton. V-ATPase activity is tightly regulated in vivo by numbers of mechanisms, including reversible disassembly of the V1 and Vo domains. Glucose, the nutrient oxidized in glycolysis, modulates reversible dissociation of V-ATPase. This dissertation was aimed at understanding how subunits of phosphofructokinase-1 (α subunit and β subunit) regulate V-ATPase function. Our
Conservation biology: for the coming decade.

Section I Saving Species Through Population Biology and Viability Analyses: A Morass of Math, Myth, and Mistakes? -- 1 The Analysis of Population Persistence: An Outlook on the Practice of Viability Analysis -- 2 Rare Plant Demography: Lessons from the Mariposa Lilies (Calochortus: Liliaceae) -- 3 Evaluating Extinction Risks in Plant Populations -- 4 Physical Effects of Habitat Fragmentation -- 5 Reintroduction of Rare Plants: Genetics, Demography and the Role of Ex Situ Conservation Methods -- Section II Broad Brushes and Taxonomic Tours: Summaries of the State of the Natural World -- 6 Conservation and Management of Species in the Sea -- 7 Reptilian Extinctions over the Last Ten Thousand Years -- 8 Conservation Status of the World’s Fish Fauna: An Overview -- 9 Challenges in Insect Conservation: Managing Fluctuating Populations in Disturbed Habitats -- 10 An Australian Perspective on Plant Conservation Biology in Practice -- Section III Habitat Degradation and Ecological Restoration: Hubris, Hegemony, and Healing -- 11 Critical Issues in Invasion Biology for Conservation Science -- 12 Challenges and Approaches for Conserving Hawaii’s Endangered Birds -- 13 Picking Up the Pieces: Botanical Conservation on Degraded Oceanic Islands -- 14 When Do Genetic Considerations Require Special Approaches to Ecological Restoration? -- 15 Replacing Endangered Species Habitat: The Acid Test of Wetland Ecology -- Section IV When Conservation Meets the Real World of Economics, Politics, and Tradeoffs -- 16 The Economics of Biological Diversity Conservation -- 17 The Patagonia Challenge: Melding Conservation with Development -- 18 Tropical Agroecology and Conservation Ecology: Two Paths Toward Sustainable Development -- Section V New Technologies and Novel Perspectives for the Next Generation of Conservation Biology -- 19 Using Molecular Genetics to Learn about the Ecology of Threatened Species: The Allure and the Illusion of Measuring Genetic Structure in Natural Populations -- 20 Conservation Endocrinology: Field Endocrinology Meets Conservation Biology -- 21 Global Climate Change and Species Interactions -- 22 Contributions of Spatially Explicit Landscape Models to Conservation Biology -- Epilogue A Retrospective “Gap Analysis”.
Opposing Effects of ICOS on Graft-versus-Host Disease Mediated by CD4 and CD8 T Cells1

ICOS, a CD28 family member expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, plays important roles in T cell activation and effector function. Here we studied the role of ICOS in graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) mediated by CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In comparison of wild-type and ICOS-deficient T cells, we found that recipients of ICOS−/− CD4+ T cells exhibited significantly less GVHD morbidity and delayed mortality. ICOS−/− CD4+ T cells had no defect in expansion, but expressed significantly less Fas ligand and produced significantly lower levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Thus, ICOS−/− CD4+ T cells were impaired in effector functions that lead to GVHD. In contrast, recipients of ICOS−/− CD8+ T cells exhibited significantly enhanced GVHD morbidity and accelerated mortality. In the absence of ICOS signaling, either using ICOS-deficient donors or ICOS ligand-deficient recipients, the levels of expansion and Tc1 cytokine production of CD8+ T cells were significantly increased. The level of expansion was inversely correlated with the level of apoptosis, suggesting that increased ability of ICOS−/− CD8+ T cells to induce GVHD resulted from the enhanced survival and expansion of those cells. Our findings indicate that ICOS has paradoxical effects on the regulation of alloreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in GVHD.