Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A complete season with attendance restrictions confirms the relevant contribution of spectators to home advantage and referee bias in association football

Background Due to the unfortunate pandemic situation, the phenomena of home advantage and referee bias in sports have recently received a particular research attention, especially in association football. In this regard, several studies were conducted on the last portion of the 2019–20 season: the majority of them suggests a reduction—but not the elimination—of the two phenomena, with some exceptions in which no reduction was found or, at the other extreme, the phenomena were not observed at all. Methods The continuation of the pandemic made it possible to replicate the previous studies considering the complete 2020–21 season, thus with the important added value of having a fully balanced home/away schedule—and a higher number of matches—in the various leagues. In particular, the sample of the present study consisted of 3,898 matches from the first and second divisions of the UEFA top five ranked countries, that is, England, Spain, Italy, Germany, and France. For the home advantage, the following variables were examined: distribution of matches outcomes and home advantage for points (also for previous seasons from the 2014–15 one); ball possession; total shots; shots on goal; and corner kicks. Instead, for he referee bias, the following variables were examined: fouls; yellow cards; red cards; penalty kicks; and extra time. Chi-square tests were used to compare the distribution of matches outcomes, and t-tests to compare home vs. away data for the other variables in the 2020–21 season; Bayesian and equivalence analyses were also conducted. Results The main results are as follows: (a) the distribution of matches outcomes in the 2020–21 season was significantly different from that of the last five complete seasons with spectators (Chi-square = 37.42, df = 2, p < 0.001), with fewer home victories and more away victories; the resulting values of the home advantage for points were 54.95% for the 2020–21 season, and 59.36% for the previous seasons; (b) for the other home advantage variables, a statistically significant overall advantage for the home team emerged; nevertheless, the strength of the differences between home and away teams was generally small (0.09 < Cohen’s d < 0.17), and the corresponding means can be considered statistically equivalent for all variables but the total shots; (c) no statistically significant differences emerged between home and away teams for any of the referee bias variables. Discussion These findings demonstrate that the absence of spectators significantly reduced the home advantage compared to previous seasons with spectators. A slight home advantage persisted in the 2020–21 season, probably due to other factors, namely, learning and travel, according to the model by Courneya & Carron (1992). Conversely, the referee bias was not observed, suggesting that it mainly derives from the pressure normally exerted by spectators.
Efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery versus intrapleural streptokinase for treatment of parapneumonic empyema with multiloculation and septation

Introduction Effective treatment of parapneumonic empyema with multiloculation and septation has been a challenge for clinicians for many years. Aim This study compared the clinical outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and intrapleural streptokinase in patients with stage II empyema. Material and methods This is a retrospective study of 46 patients with parapneumonic empyema with multiloculation and septation in the pleural cavity treated with VATS or streptokinase in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, between January 2018 and January 2021. The main outcome measures of this study were hospital stay, febrile period, days with drainage, and treatment failure. Results A total of 46 patients were included in this study. Of these, 28 were treated with VATS deloculation, and 18 were treated with streptokinase. The average hospital stay was 2.8 ±1.7 days for the VATS group and 7.5 ±3.5 days for the streptokinase group (p < 0.001). The average days with fever were 1.9 ±0.7 days for the VATS group and 3.0 ±1.64 days for the streptokinase group (p = 0.017). The average days with drainage were 3.0 ±1.6 days for the VATS group and 7.5 ±4.4 days for the streptokinase group (p < 0.001). The success rate was 92.9% for the VATS group and 66.7% for the streptokinase group, which was significantly higher in the VATS group compared to the streptokinase group (p = 0.042). No cases of perioperative mortality occurred. The frequency of adverse events did not differ between study groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions Our results demonstrated that treatment of empyema with VATS is superior to streptokinase therapy.
Role of renal mononuclear phagocytes in kidney disease and injury

Interstitial infiltrates, consisting of macrophages and other inflammatory cells, have been consistently reported in human and animal models of polycystic kidney diseases (PKD). However, the mechanisms underlying this inflammation are not well defined. Evidence suggests that interstitial inflammation in PKD is driven by pro-inflammatory chemoattractants such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a. Putative upregulated inflammatory pathways include JAK-STAT and nuclear factor (NF)-kB signalling. In addition, the genetic mutations of PKD may further complicate the relationship between inflammation and cystic disease, by increasing the susceptibility to inflammatory injury, and facilitating interactions between the genetically determined cystoproteins and biological mediators of inflammation. Moreover, the roles of interstitial inflammation in promoting cyst growth and progression to kidney failure in PKD are not clearly understood. Although anti-inflammatory therapies have attenuated cystogenesis in animal models, inflammatory cells may also have reparative actions. Thus, in developing therapies for PKD, it is prudent to consider the potential negative outcomes of ablating inflammation, and whether it is more viable to target certain inflammatory pathways over others.
Energy-Based Legged Robots Terrain Traversability Modeling via Deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning

This work reports ondeveloping a deep inverse reinforcement learning method for legged robots terrain traversability modeling that incorporates both exteroceptive and proprioceptive sensory data. Existing works use robot-agnostic exteroceptive environmental features or handcrafted kinematic features; instead, we propose to also learn robot-specific inertial features from proprioceptive sensory data for reward approximation in a single deep neural network. Incorporating the inertial features can improve the model fidelity and provide a reward that depends on the robot’s state during deployment. We train the reward network using the Maximum Entropy Deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning (MEDIRL) algorithm and propose simultaneously minimizing a trajectory ranking loss to deal with the suboptimality of legged robot demonstrations. The demonstrated trajectories are ranked by locomotion energy consumption, in order to learn an energy-aware reward function and a more energy-efficient policy than demonstration. We evaluate our method using a dataset collected by an MIT Mini-Cheetah robot and a Mini-Cheetah simulator. The code is publicly available.1
Impact of Diabetes Duration on Clinical Outcome in Patients Receiving Rotational Atherectomy in Calcified Lesions in Korea—Results from ROCK Registry

There are limited data regarding the clinical impact of diabetes duration for patients with heavy calcified coronary lesions. We sought to determine the clinical impact of diabetes duration on clinical outcomes in patients with heavily calcified lesions who required rotational atherectomy during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 540 diabetic patients (583 lesions) were enrolled between January 2010 and October 2019. Patients were classified into three subgroups: patients with no diabetes mellitus (non-DM), shorter duration (S-DM), and longer duration (L-DM), of which duration was divided at 10 years. During 18 months of follow-up-duration, diabetes duration was significantly associated with the primary outcome. The incidence rate of target-vessel failure (TVF), the primary outcome, was significantly higher in the L-DM group compared with non-DM or S-DM. Among secondary outcomes, any repeat revascularization (RR) was frequently observed in the L-DM compared with other groups. In multivariate analysis, the risk of TVF and any RR was 1.9 times and 2.4 times higher in L-DM than in non-DM, respectively. This study firstly demonstrated that there is an association between a longer DM duration and poor clinical outcomes in patients with severe calcified CAD after PCI. More careful monitoring for recurrence is needed during follow-up in those patients.
Synchrony-Based State Representation for Classification by Liquid State Machines

The Liquid State Machine (LSM) models usually ignore the influence of the liquid state representation on performance, with the assumption that the latter depends only on the readout circuit. The typical decoding of the liquid’s spike trains is achieved with spike rate-based vectors that are input into the readout circuit. This occults the spike timing, a central aspect of biological neural coding, with potentially detrimental consequences on performance. We propose a model of liquid state representation that builds the feature vectors from the temporal information about the spike trains, hence using spike synchrony instead of rate. Using Poisson-distributed spike trains in noisy conditions, we show that such model outperforms a rate-only model in distinguishing spike train pairs, regardless of the frequency chosen to sample the liquid state or the noise level. In the same vein, we suggest a synchrony-based measure of the Separation Property (SP), a core feature of LSMs regarding classification performance, for a more robust and biologically plausible interpretation.
Crystal Growth, Structural and Thermal Studies of FeC4H4O6·2.5H2O

Single crystals of iron(II) tartrate hemi-pentahydrate, FeC4H4O6·2.5H2O, were grown by the gel method using silica gels. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the single crystals. The space group symmetry (orthorhombic P212121) and structural parameters were determined at room temperature. The crystal structure consisted of slightly distorted FeO6 octahedra, C4H4O6 and H2O molecules, C4H4O6–Fe–C4H4O6 chains jointed by Fe–O bonds, and O–H···O hydrogen-bonding frameworks between adjacent molecules. Weight losses due to thermal decomposition of the crystal were found to occur in the temperature range of 300–1060 K. We inferred that the weight losses were caused by the evaporation of bound water molecules and the evolution of H2CO, CO, and O2 gases from C4H4O6 molecules, and that the black residue after decomposition was composed of triiron tetraoxide (Fe3O4) and carbon.
Meinertz Prognostic significance of the signal averaged electrocardiogram in patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease Analysis in the time domain and by spectral temporal mapping

Priv. -Doz. Dr. Thomas Hofmann ()) Andreas Burmeister Prof. Dr. T. Meinertz Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Zentrum Innere Medizin Medizinische Klinik III Martinistr. 52 20246 Hamburg, Germany Tel. : 049-40/428 03-29 56 Fax: 049-40/428 03-59 93 E-Mail: thofmann@uke.uni-hamburg.de Prognostische Bedeutung des signalgemittelten Elektrokardiogramms bei Patienten mit chronischer stabiler koronarer Herzkrankheit
Heart Failure With Recovered Ejection Fraction Clinical Description , Biomarkers , and Outcomes

R ecovery of left ventricular (LV) function is a primary goal of therapy in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF). Pharmacological therapy, coronary revascularization, cardiac resynchronization, and ventricular assist devices (VADs) are all used to achieve this objective. 1–6 However, little is known about the natural history, prognosis, and need for continued long-term therapies in patients when there is recovery of LV function (eg, HF and recovered ejection fraction [HF-Recovered]). 7–10 In fact, many of these patients continue HF-REF treatment, whereas others may discontinue therapy or become misclassified as having HF with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF). Increases in EF and improvements in LV geometry in response to therapy may result in a milder HF phenotype and a prognostic improvement. This favorable myocardial response has been referred to as reverse remodeling or myocardial remission. 12 Understanding the clinical and biological features of the HF-Recovered population is central to understanding what predicts reverse remodeling and ultimately complete recovery. This understanding is particularly relevant in the field of mechanical circulatory support, where using LV assist devices as a bridge to recovery is an evolving clinical practice and the focus of intense investigation. 13 We sought to characterize the HF-Recovered population, which includes a spectrum of patients with reverse remodel-ing, and compare it with the HF-REF and HF-PEF populations. We hypothesized that the HF-Recovered population has a distinct clinical phenotype, biology, and prognosis. We explored this hypothesis by analyzing baseline clinical data, biomarker data representing several key biological pathways (neurohormonal activation, myocyte stress and injury, oxi-dative stress, inflammation, and vascular remodeling), and long-term clinical outcomes from a diverse, outpatient-based multicenter HF cohort. Background—We hypothesized that patients with heart failure (HF) who recover left ventricular function (HF-Recovered) have a distinct clinical phenotype, biology, and prognosis compared with patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF) and those with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF). Methods and Results—The Penn Heart Failure Study (PHFS) is a prospective cohort of 1821 chronic HF patients recruited from tertiary HF clinics. Participants were divided into 3 categories based on echocardiograms: HF-REF if EF was <50%, HF-PEF if EF was consistently ≥50%, and HF-Recovered if EF on enrollment in PHFS was ≥50% but prior EF was <50%. A significant portion of HF-Recovered patients had an abnormal biomarker profile at baseline, including 44% with detectable troponin I, although in comparison, median levels of brain natriuretic factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase …
Farmers’ Perception Of The Implementation Of Farmer Cards Policy In Klaten Regency

The Indonesian Farmer Cards is a government policy that aims to improve the distribution pattern of subsidized fertilizers. This study aims to determine the factors that influence farmers' perceptions of implementing the farmer card policy in the Klaten Regency. Klaten Regency was selected purposively as the research site because since the inception of Farmer Card policy, Klaten Regency has been designated as a pilot location for implementing the program. The data was collected by conducting surveys and interviews by using questionnaires. Moreover, ninety-two respondents were chosen by using a simple random sampling method. Data analysis employed the Likert scale to measure farmers' perceptions of the Farmer Card Policy. Farmers’ perceptions constituted two categories based on the weighting from the Likert scale. The first category refers to farmers that have a positive perception of the application of the Farmer Card and the second category represents farmers who have negative perceptions of the program implementation. The Likert scale in this study used to determine farmers' perceptions of the application of subsidized urea fertilizer distribution policies using farmer cards in Klaten Regency. Furthermore, logistic regression determined the factors influencing farmers' perceptions. The results showed that most farmers had positive perceptions. Four variables (experience, land area, time & convenience risk, and psychological risk) positively impact the farmers' perceptions of the Farmer Card. The other variables (urea allocation) negatively affect the farmers' perception of the Farmer Card Policy.
The role of family relations, spirituality and entertainment in moderating peer influence and drug use among students of eight universities from five countries in Latin America and three from the Caribbean

Estudio multicentrico que analiza el papel de las relaciones familiares, la espiritualidad y la diversion-fiestas como moderadores de la relacion entre la influencia de pares y el uso de drogas entre estudiantes de ocho universidades de cinco paises de America Latina y tres del Caribe. La muestra fue composta de 2198 estudiantes de Facultades de Ciencias Sociales y de Ciencias de la Salud. El Uso de drogas fue la variable dependiente y la influencia de pares (numero de alumnos usando drogas) la independiente. Los resultados indicaron que las relaciones familiares problematicas, participar de muchas fiestas y tener muchos amigos utilizando drogas aumento la oportunidad de los estudiantes de la muestra a utilizaren drogas ilicitas. La unica interaccion estadisticamente significante para el uso de drogas licitas e ilicitas fue la diversion/fiestas/amigos usando drogas. El uso de drogas licitas presenta grande variabilidad entre las universidades de la muestra, potencialmente influenciada por aspectos culturales/religiosos.
Tall fescue interseeding and postemergence herbicides for false-green kyllinga (Kyllinga gracillima) control in turfgrass

Abstract False-green kyllinga is a problematic C4 perennial Cyperaceae species. Previous research examined herbicide efficacy but has not integrated nonchemical practices with herbicides. Replicate field experiments were conducted to evaluate late-summer postemergence applications of herbicides in combination with turf-type tall fescue interseeding for false-green kyllinga control. Seven herbicide treatments and a nontreated control formed a complete factorial, with tall fescue interseeding or no seeding (eight-by-two factorial). Six herbicide treatments consisted of single postemergence applications of halosulfuron-methyl (70 g ha–1), imazosulfuron (420 g ha–1), and sulfentrazone + carfentrazone (280 + 30 g ha–1) applied 4 wk before tall fescue interseeding (WBS) and the day of interseeding. Glyphosate (220 g ae ha–1) applied the day of interseeding was the seventh herbicide treatment. Tall fescue was interseeded in September, and false-green kyllinga control was evaluated the following summer. In combination with tall fescue interseeding, imazosulfuron and halosulfuron applied 4 WBS as well as glyphosate applied the day of interseeding controlled false-green kyllinga better than all other treatments. In July, imazosulfuron and halosulfuron treatments applied 4 WBS and combined with interseeding had 1% to 6% false-green kyllinga cover, respectively, compared to 28% and 62% cover, respectively, without interseeding. Interseeding alone controlled false-green kyllinga <50%. Imazosulfuron, halosulfuron, and sulfentrazone + carfentrazone applied the day of seeding severely injured emerging tall fescue seedlings and reduced turfgrass quality the following spring. Applying imazosulfuron or halosulfuron in late summer and interseeding turf-type tall fescue 4 wk later or applying glyphosate the day of seeding are effective strategies for postemergence false-green kyllinga control. Integrating herbicides and the cultural practice of tall fescue interseeding provided more false-green kyllinga control than either practice alone. Nomenclature: Carfentrazone; glyphosate; halosulfuron-methyl; imazosulfuron; sulfentrazone; false-green kyllinga, Kyllinga gracillima Miq. ; tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh
The effect of General Anesthesia Versus Spinal Anesthesia in Restoration of Gastrointestinal Motility after Cesarean Section

Background: Cesarean section is the delivery of a foetus through an open abdominal incision (laparotomy) and a uterine incision (hysterotomy). One of the most common postoperative complications is a dynamic paralysis (ileus) that must be minimized due to its serious consequences including delayed enteral feeding resulting in patient discomfort, prolonged hospitalization and increased health care costs. The pathophysiology of postoperative ileus is multifactorial. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of general versus spinal anesthesia in regain of the intestinal motility after elective cesarean section. Methods: This randomized clinical study was conducted on 150 pregnant women aged from18 to 35 years, who were set for elective caesarean section under either general or spinal anesthesia, attending to the Obstetrics and Gynecology department from August 2020 to October 2021. The participants were subdivided into 2 equal groups, group I included women delivered by using general anesthesia and group II included women delivered by using spinal anesthesia. Results: Shows 1st intestinal, 1st passage flatus, 1st passage motion and hospital stay were significantly increased among general group than the spinal group (P = 0.001*). Conclusions: Spinal anesthesia results in a quicker return of bowel activity after cesarean section than general anesthesia with difference and spinal anesthesia results in a quicker return to home as it decreases the length of hospital stay with significant difference between both groups.
Co-Infections and Superinfections in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients Are Associated with CT Imaging Abnormalities and the Worst Outcomes

Background: Bacterial and fungal co-infections and superinfections have a critical role in the outcome of the COVID-19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: The present study is a retrospective analysis of 95 patients admitted to the ICU for COVID-19-related ARDS during the first (February–May 2020) and second waves of the pandemic (October 2020–January 2021). Demographic and clinical data, CT imaging features, and pulmonary and extra-pulmonary complications were recorded, as well as the temporal evolution of CT findings when more than one scan was available. The presence of co-infections and superinfections was registered, reporting the culprit pathogens and the specimen type for culture. A comparison between patients with and without bacterial and/or co-infections/superinfections was performed. Results: Sixty-three patients (66.3%) developed at least one confirmed co-infection/superinfection, with 52 (82.5%) developing pneumonia and 43 (68.3%) bloodstream infection. Gram-negative bacteria were the most common co-pathogens identified and Aspergillus spp. was the most frequent pulmonary microorganism. Consolidations, cavitations, and bronchiectasis were significantly associated with the presence of co-infections/superinfections (p = 0.009, p = 0.010 and p = 0.009, respectively); when considering only patients with pulmonary co-pathogens, only consolidations remained statistically significative (p = 0.004). Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was significantly associated with the presence of cavitations and bronchiectasis (p < 0.001). Patients with co-infections/superinfections presented a significantly higher mortality rate compared to patients with COVID-19 only (52.4% vs. 25%, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Bacterial and fungal co-infections and superinfections are frequent in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU and are associated with worse outcomes. Imaging plays an important role in monitoring critically ill COVID-19 patients and may help detect these complications, suggesting further laboratory investigations.