Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Status of mercury and other heavy metals in South African marine fish species

The numerous health benefits provided by fish consumption may be compromised by the presence of toxic metals and metalloids such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury, which can have harmful effects on the human body if consumed in toxic quantities. The monitoring of metal concentrations in fish meat is therefore important to ensure compliance with food safety regulations and consequent consumer protection. The toxicity of these metals may be dependent on their chemical forms, which requires metal speciation processes for direct measurement of toxic metal species or the identification of prediction models in order to determine toxic metal forms from measured total metal concentrations. This review addresses various shortcomings in current knowledge and research on the accumulation of metal contaminants in commercially consumed marine fish globally and particularly in South Africa, affecting both the fishing industry as well as fish consumers.
Annual carbon cost of autotrophic respiration in boreal forest ecosystems in relation to species and climate

Autotrophic respiration (Ra) in forest ecosystems can be >50% of the carbon fixed in photosynthesis and may regulate productivity and carbon storage in forest ecosystems, because Ra increases with temperature. We estimated annual Ra from chamber measurements in aspen, black spruce, and jack pine forests in Canada for 1994. Mean foliage respiration at 10°C for expanded leaves was 0.21–0.95 μmol m−2 (leaf surface) s−1 for all species and differed little from May to September. Wood respiration at 15°C (0.2–1 μmol m−2 (stem surface) s−1 for all species) was strongly seasonal, with high rates in midsummer that coincided with wood growth. Fine root respiration at 10°C was 2.5–7.7 μmol kg−1 s−1 for all species and declined throughout the growing season for the conifers. Annual costs of Ra for foliage, wood, and roots (overstory and understory) were 490, 610, and 450 g C m−2 (ground) yr−1 for aspen, black spruce, and jack pine (old) in northern Manitoba and 600, 480, and 310 g C m−2 yr−1 for aspen, black spruce, and jack pine (old) in central Saskatchewan. Carbon use efficiency (CUE), the ratio of net production to production plus Ra, averaged 0.44, 0.34, and 0.39 for aspen, black spruce, and jack pine (old) for all tissues and 0.61, 0.36, and 0.44 for aboveground tissues. Differences in CUE between the northern and the southern sites were small for all species, and CUE did not vary with stand biomass. Species differences in CUE suggest that models assuming a constant CUE across species may poorly estimate production and carbon balance for any given site.
Zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology of copper–molybdenum deposits in southeast Liaoning Province, China

ABSTRACT Liaoning Province in China is an area known for the occurrence of numerous copper and/or molybdenum deposits of variable size. However, the age of mineralization and tectonic setting in this region are still a subject of debate. In this study we describe the geology of these deposits and apply zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os isotopic dating to constrain their ages and define the metallogenic epochs of this province. The Huatong Cu–Mo deposit yields molybdenite Re–Os model ages of 127.6–126.3 Ma and an isochron age of 127.4 ± 0.7 Ma. The Dongbeigou Mo deposit yields molybdenite Re–Os model ages of 132.6–127.1 Ma, an isochron age of 128.1 ± 5.1 Ma, and a zircon U–Pb age of 129.4 ± 0.3 Ma for the associated monzogranite. The granodiorite associated with the Wanbaoyuan Cu–Mo deposit yields a zircon U–Pb age of 128.4 ± 1.1 Ma; the plagiogranite associated with the Yaojiagou Mo deposit yields an age of 167.5 ± 0.9 Ma; and the biotite–plagioclase gneiss from the Shujigou Cu deposit yields an age of 2549.4 ± 5.6 Ma. These results, together with previous geochronology data, show that intense Cu–Mo porphyry and skarn mineralization were coeval with Early–Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous granitic magmatism. The former was associated with the orogeny that followed the collision of the Siberian and North China plates and the resulting closure of the palaeo-Asian Ocean, and the latter with rifting that followed the subduction of the palaeo-Pacific Plate and associated lithospheric thinning. Volcanogenic massive sulfide Cu deposit. mineralization took place much earlier, in the late Archaean, and was related to continent–continent collision, palaeo-ocean closure, the formation of a united continental landmass, bimodal volcanism, magma emplacement, and subsequent metamorphism and deformation of syn-collisional granites.
Seismic anisotropy - the state of the art

Summary. The theory, causes, observations, and possible applications of seismic anisotropy in the Earth have developed considerably since the previous state of the art paper was published in 1977. The behaviour of waves in layered anisotropic media is now much better understood and the evidence for seismic anisotropy indicates that anisotropy is likely to be present throughout much of the crust and upper mantle. The top few hundred kilometres of the mantle appears to be anisotropic with the orientations aligned by the present or palaeo stress-field. The upper part of the crust is frequently anisotropic, probably due to cracks differentially aligned by the non-lithostatic stresses. The possibility of being able to monitor crack geometry by seismic techniques opens a wide range of applications in currently important activities.
Wnt-5/ pipetail functions in vertebrate axis formation as a negative regulator of Wnt/ (cid:2) -catenin activity

e provide genetic evidence deﬁning a role for noncanonical Wnt function in vertebrate axis formation. In zebraﬁsh, misexpression of Wnt-4, -5, and -11 stimulates calcium (Ca 2 (cid:3) ) release, deﬁning the Wnt/Ca 2 (cid:3) class. We describe genetic interaction between two Wnt/Ca 2 (cid:3) members, Wnt-5 ( pipetail ) and Wnt-11 ( silberblick ), and a reduction of Ca 2 (cid:3) release in Wnt-5/ pipetail . Embryos genetically depleted of both maternal and zygotic Wnt-5 product exhibit cell movement defects as well as hyperdorsalization and axis-duplication phenotypes. The dorsalized phenotypes result from increased (cid:2) -catenin accumulation and activation of downstream genes. The Wnt-5 loss-of-function defect is consistent with Ca 2 (cid:3) modulation having an antagonistic interaction with Wnt/ (cid:2) -catenin signaling. and invertebrates, there is little genetic evidence for how noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways work in axis formation in vertebrates. Our paper provides a genetic demonstration of a maternal requirement for a Wnt in vertebrate dor-sal-ventral (D-V) patterning. We identify zebrafish Wnt/ Ca 2 (cid:3) class members (Wnt-4, -5, and -11) by virtue of their ability to stimulate Ca 2 (cid:3) release and demonstrate genetic interaction between Wnt-5/ ppt and Wnt-11/ slb . We show that manipulation of Wnt-5 activity by either gain-of-function or loss-of function results in changes in endogenous Ca 2 (cid:3) activity, and we can obtain partial rescue of the Wnt-5/ ppt mutant with overexpression of a proposed downstream Ca 2 (cid:3) -sensitive protein, Ca 2 (cid:3) /calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMKII). Through loss-of-function analyses, our data demonstrate an increase in (cid:2) -catenin accumulation and activation of downstream genes supporting a functional role for Wnt/Ca 2 (cid:3) antagonism of Wnt/ (cid:2) -catenin activity in vertebrate development. to T at 1045 the primers slb tz216 the truncation at glycine (5 (cid:9) -AGCGTTTGTG GTTTCTCTGG-3 (cid:9) and (cid:9) -TCCTCATTGGTGCATCTGAG-3 (cid:9) The PCR isolated and sequenced by standard techniques.
Tectonic setting of the Pebble and Other Copper-Gold-Molybdenum Porphyry Deposits within the Evolving Middle Cretaceous Continental Margin of Northwestern North America

The Pebble Cu-Au-Mo deposit in southwestern Alaska, containing the largest gold resource of any known porphyry in the world, developed in a tectonic setting significantly different from that of the present-day. It is one of a series of metalliferous middle Cretaceous porphyritic granodiorite, quartz monzonite, and diorite bodies, evolved from lower crust and metasomatized lithospheric mantle melts, which formed along much of the length of the North American craton suture with the Peninsular-Alexander-Wrangellia arc. The porphyry deposits were emplaced within the northernmost two of a series of ca. 130 to 80 Ma flysch basins that define the suture, as well as into arc rocks immediately seaward of the two basins. Deposits include the ca. 100 to 90 Ma Pebble, Neacola, and other porphyry prospects along the Kahiltna basin-Peninsula terrane boundary, and the ca. 115 to 105 Ma Baultoff, Carl Creek, Horsfeld, Orange Hill, Bond Creek, and Chisna porphyries along the Nutzotin basin-Wrangellia terrane boundary. The porphyry deposits probably formed along the craton margin more than 1,000 km to the south of their present latitude. Palinspastic reconstructions of plate kinematics from this period are particularly difficult because magmatism overlaps the 119 to 83 Ma Cretaceous Normal Superchron, a period when sea-floor magnetic data are lacking. Our favored scenario is that ore formation broadly overlaps the cessation of sedimentation and contraction and the transition to a transpressional continental margin regime, such that the remnant ocean basins were converted to strike-slip basins. The basins and outboard Peninsular-Alexander-Wrangellia composite superterrane, which are all located seaward of the deep crustal Denali-Farewell fault system, were subjected to northerly dextral transpression for as long as perhaps 50 m.y. , beginning at ca. 95 ± 10 Ma. The onset of this transpression was marked by development of the mineralized bodies along fault segments on the seaward side of the basins. Geochemical and radiogenic isotopic data for igneous rocks associated with the Pebble porphyry deposit suggest continuous melt derivation from enriched lithosphere of a recently metasomatized mantle. These geochemical characteristics, coupled with the arc-continent-related collisional setting, suggest that lithospheric thickening and postcollisional lithospheric melting are the most likely cause of the ore-related magmatism. Subsequent to translation of the Alaskan margin terranes and early Tertiary oroclinal bending of Alaska, the northernmost Kahiltna basin and the Pebble deposit, as well as the other porphyry systems, reached their present-day locations along southern Alaska.
Développement et fécondité de Stethorus madecassus Chazeau (Coléoptères, Coccinellidae), élevé en conditions extérieures dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar

The biology of S. madecassus reared in outside conditions has been studied in Tulear (south-west of Madagascar) in 1971-1972 during the growing season of cotton. The shortest preimaginal development period stands in January. Six or seven generations cari take place between November and June. No sensible diflerence could be observed between longevity and daily fecundity of females of the January and . 4pril generations. Dans une etude precedente (GUTIERREZ et CHAZEAU, 1972), les grands traits de la biologie de Stethorus madecassus Chazeau, eleve dans un insectarium simulant les conditions moyennes d’une saison chaude dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar, ont ete definis et rapproches des caracteristiques de sa proie Tetranychus neocaledonicus Andre (Acariens, Tetranychidae), elevee dans les memes conditions. Ces donnees sont completees par le present travail, effectue a Tulear (sud-ouest de Madagascar) dans les conditions exterieures. Les essais ont eu lieu pendant la saison cotonniere reelle, de novembre 1971 a juin 1972. J. CHAZEAU Laboratoire de Zoologie appliquee Mission ORSTOM a Tananarive B.P. 434, Tananarive, Madagascar 1. MATERIEL ET TECHNIQUES 1.1. CONDITIONS GENERALES La souche de Stethorus provient d’une population predatrice locale, observee dans une plantation de manioc non traitee ou elle s’attaque a T. neocaledonicus. La souche de tetranyques proies, entretenue sur Phaseo&, provient de la meme parcelle. I,es besoins supplementaires sont couverts par le prelevement de T. neocaledonicus sur des papayers voisins. Les elevages sont installes a l’exterieur, proteges des intemperies par un toit et des predateurs (en particulier des fourmis) par un fin grillage et des barrieres de glu. L’enregistrement des conditions climatiques (temperature et hygrometrie) se fait sous un abri meteoro1 ogique classique installe a proximite immediate. L’hygrometrie moyenne varie relativement peu pendant la periode d’observation, et le dispositif experimental supprime l’effet mecanique de la pluie. La temperature est donc le seul facteur climatique important variant pendant les essais. Les resultats sont donnes avec un coefficient de securite de 95%. 1.2. ETUDE DU DEVELOPPEMENT PREIMAGINAL La technique, exposee en detail dans la note precedemment citee, utilise des plaques de plcxiglass entre lesquelles sont disposees les feuilles qui supportent l’elevage. Le substrat employe est la feuille de pois du Cap, Phaseolus lunatus L. Le controle de l’evolution des stades preimaginaux est effectue toutes les huit heures. Les resultat8 acquis anterieurement en insectarium donnant une duree de generation T = 28,8 jours, un essai est mene chaque mois de novembre a juin, de facon a couvrir l’ensemble de la saison cotonni+re. Cah. ORSTOM, ser. Biol., n” 25, 1974 : 27.33 27
Zircon U-Pb geochronology of Zenong Group volcanic rocks in Coqen area of the Gangdese,Tibet and tectonic significance.

Extensive Zenong Group volcanic rocks are zonedly E-W distributed in the middle-northern Gangdese,Tibet.Well- exposed Zenong Group volcanic rocks in Coqen,western Gangdese are selected for zircon U-Pb dating by using the SHRIMP II system at the Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing and the LA-ICP-MS system at the China University of Geosciences,Wuhan to construct the geochronological framework of the Zenong Group volcanic activity for regional comparison.Most zircons separated from the Zenong Group volcanic rocks exhibit striped absorption and obvious oscillatory zoning,and a few ones show core-rim structure.One dacite sample and one rhyolite sample from the Zenong Group volcanic rocks overlying the Middle Permian Xiala Formation limestone in northwestern Daxiong,Coqen yield LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of 130±1Ma and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of 129±3Ma,respectively.One dacite sample from the Zenong Group volcanic rocks underlying the clastic rocks of Lower Cretaceous Duoni Formation by fault contact in northeastern Daxiong,Coqen yields younger age cluster of 121±1 Ma (include growth rim) and older age cluster of 131±1 Ma (include core). One rhyolite sample from southwestern Coqen yields LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of 111±1Ma,coeval with the emplacement age of granitoids in Coqen area.High-quality zircon U-Pb ages reported in this study indicate that the Zenong Group volcanism began at ca.130Ma,and ceased at ca.110Ma with a volcanic duration of ca.20Ma. Regional comparison indicates that the Zenong Group volcanism extending for ca.1000kin E-W is synchronously commenced at ca.130Ma. Present geochronological age dates combined with the distribution of contemporaneous magmatism in a regional context suggest that the Early Cretaceous magmatism in the middle-northern Gangdese cannot be generated by the low-angle or flat-slab subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust.
Patients' reasons for not presenting emotional problems in general practice consultations.

BACKGROUND Patients commonly do not mention emotional problems in consultations, and this is a factor in general practitioners' (GPs') difficulty in identifying psychological morbidity. AIM To investigate patients' self-reported reasons for not disclosing psychological problems in consultations with GPs. METHOD From nine general practices, a sample of patients with high General Health Questionnaire scores, who planned to present only somatic symptoms to the GP, were interviewed after their consultation with the GP. The interview covered their reasons for not mentioning emotional problems. A patient satisfaction questionnaire was administered. RESULTS A total of 83 patients were interviewed. Sixty-four patients confirmed that they had not mentioned emotional problems in the consultation; 23 (36%) of these gave primarily realistic reasons for not presenting emotional problems (e.g. able to cope with distress), 29 (45%) gave reasons related to psychological embarrassment or hesitation to trouble the GP, and 12 (19%) were mainly deterred by the doctors' interview behaviours. The latter group had significantly lower satisfaction scores than patients in the other two groups. In addition, patients in all groups commonly reported perceptions of lack of time (48%) and that there is nothing doctors can do to help (39%) as barriers to mentioning emotional problems. CONCLUSION An understanding of patients' reasons for not disclosing emotional problems can assist in identifying subgroups of patients with different management needs.
Is the Climate Sensitivity Even More Uncertain

Uncertainty in climate sensitivity is a fundamental problem for projections of the future climate. Climate sensitivity is defined as the equilibrium response of global-mean surface air temperature to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration from the preindustrial level (. 280 ppm). In spite of various efforts to estimate its value, climate sensitivity is still not well constrained (IPCC, 2007, pp.718-727 and pp.798-799; Gerard and Baker, 2007), posing a difficulty to informing climate change policy. Here we show that the climate sensitivity is in fact even more uncertain than has been found by earlier studies (Andronova and Schlesinger, 2001; Gregory et al., 2002; Knutti et al., 2002; Forest et al., 2006; Hegerl et al., 2006). Our results suggest that uncertainty in historical radiative forcing has not been sufficiently considered and that including a carbon cycle feedback, which in principle offers an additional constraint on climate sensitivity, does not reduce the uncertainty in climate sensitivity due to the poor knowledge of the global carbon budget before the year 1850.
Probability Distribution of Mean Daily Temperature and Inter-decadal Variation in China in Recent 40 Years

Using 129 stations mean daily temperature data,probability distribution of mean daily temperature and inter-decadal variation are analyzed by deflection coefficient and kurtosis coefficient.The result is that: in recent 40 years mean of mean daily temperature of each season approximately assume high in south and low in north,daytime change is the least in summer,geographical diversity of unconformity normal distribution is evident to four seasons.From period 1961—1975 to period of 1976—2000,unconformity areas to normal distribution is increase in summer and spring,unconformity areas to normal distribution in winter increase in north of China and minish in south of China,change of unconformity areas to normal distribution in full approximately reverse to winter.Influence of change of variance to probability distribution of mean daily temperature is primary,influence of change of mean is secondary in summer,spring and autumn.Influence of change of mean to probability distribution of mean daily temperature is primary,influence of change of variance is secondary in middle and underside reaches of Yellow River and underside reaches of Changjiang River in winter,the other area reverse.
Data Mining Methods for Traffic Accident Severity Prediction

— The growth of the population volume and the number of vehicles on the road cause congestion (jam) in cities that is one of the main transportation issues. Congestion can lead to negative effects such as increasing accident risks due to the expansion in transportation systems. The smart city concept provides opportunities to handle urban problems, and also to improve the citizens’ living environment. In recent years, road traffic accidents (RTAs) have become one of the largest national health issues in the world. Many factors (driver, environment, car, etc.) are related to traffic accidents, some of those factors are more important in determining the accident severity than others. The analytical data mining solutions can significantly be employed to determine and predict such influential factors among human, vehicle and environmental factors and thus to explain RTAs severity. In this research, three classification techniques were applied: Decision trees (Random Forest, Random Tree, J48/C4.5, and CART), ANN (back-propagation), and SVM (polynomial kernel) to detect the influential environmental features of RTAs that can be used to build the prediction model. These techniques were tested using a real dataset obtained from the Department for Transport of the United Kingdom. The experimental results showed that the highest accuracy value was 80.6% using Random Forest followed by 61.4% using ANN then by 54.8% using SVM. A decision system has been build using the model generated by the Random Forest technique that will help decision makers to enhance the decision making process by predicting the severity of the accident.
Current Concepts of Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke Anticoagulation: Is There Still a Role in Atherothrombotic Stroke?

The title suggests that anticoagulation may no longer have a role in the treatment of atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease. While evidence from recent studies has not shown a distinct benefit of anticoagulation following acute stroke, the designs of these studies may not have distinguished important differences in stroke types adequately. Before judging anticoagulation, we will review the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic stroke and consider the historical role of anticoagulation in its treatment by analyzing early and recent treatment trials. Although questions remain about timing and duration of treatment, the effectiveness of anticoagulation in preventing recurrent cardiac source cerebral embolism has generally been accepted and therefore will not be discussed. 1 The use of anticoagulants in atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease is based on their ability to interfere with thrombus formation. Thrombosis superimposed on vessels narrowed by atherosclerotic plaque is a critical feature of the atherosclerotic process. Inhibition of thrombosis allows continued blood flow in the primary vessels causing ischemia, as well as in vessels arising from the parent trunk threatened by obstruction from advancing clot. This may provide time for the formation of important collateral blood channels to ameliorate the ischemic process. Anticoagulants Heparin The anticoagulant activity of heparin is by inhibition of coagulation factors interfering with fibrin formation and thrombus propagation. Administered intravenously, heparin has an almost immediate anticoagulant effect which operates through the cofactor antithrombin III. Antithrombin III, on binding heparin, undergoes structural changes that neutralize coagulation factors Xlla, XIa, XAa, Ha, and kallikrein. Heparin also has a slight direct fibrinolytic action.
Copper, zinc and selenium imbalance in Moroccan haemodialysis patients and its correlation to lipid peroxidation

Oxidative stress (OS) is a loss of the balance between antioxidant systems and the excess of oxidation, it occurs when the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases over the physiological values. Mammalians cells have integrated antioxidant defense systems to prevent hazardous events such as lipid peroxidation, proteins and oxidative DNA damage. This system includes enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (Vitamins A, C, E, copper, zinc and selenium). 1 Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the end product of lipid peroxidation and is considered as a good biomarker of oxidative stress.