Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Evaluation of Palatable Orodispersible Tablets of Amoxicillin Trihydrate Suitable for Pediatric Use

Objective: To formulate orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) of Amoxicillin Trihydrate (AMT) suitable for pediatric use to combine the advantages of easy use, accurate dosing in a stable dosage form. Method: ODT were prepared by direct compression using Ac-Di-Sol, Sodium starch glycolate, Polyplasdone and Pharmaburst as superdisintegrants at different concentrations. Mannitol was added as diluent in all prepared ODT formulae except Pharmaburst based formula. The prepared tablets were evaluated for drug content, weight variation, hardness, friability, water absorption rate, and wetting time. In vitro/vivo disintegration time was estimated. In-vitro dissolution behavior of AMT from the prepared ODT at both salivary and gastric conditions was investigated. Finally; taste evaluation of the prepared ODTs was applied on healthy human volunteers. Result: All formulation blends showed good flow properties, uniform thickness, diameter, weight and good mechanical resistance and breaking strength. The wetting time was in the range of 90 to 43sec and absorption ratio range from 120.71 to 153.4. Polyplasdone and Pharmaburst based ODT formulae showed the shortest disintegrating time (44 and 45 sec respectively), disintegration in buccal cavity was between 22 and 60sec. Regarding dissolution results, F8 and F10 showed the highest dissolution rate (66.35% and 67.97% respectively) within 30 minutes in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. In 0.1N HCl, the percentage of drug released was more than 85% within 30 minutes from all prepared ODT formulae. Formulae 8, 9 and 10 showed the highest dissolution (AMT released reached 100% within 15 minutes). Conclusion: Depending on the previous results it can be concluded that the proposed ODT formulae of AMT are suitable and efficient substituent for the commonly marketed suspension for pediatric use. [Nahla Sameh, Ahmed Khames, and Sadia A. Tayel. Formulation and Evaluation of Palatable Orodispersible Tablets of Amoxicillin Trihydrate Suitable for Pediatric Use. J Am Sci 2014;10(10):222-229]. (ISSN: 15451003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 31
Pregnancy Outcome in Korean Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed by the Carpenter-Coustan Criteria

Background: The American Diabetes Association recently proposed the Carpenter-Coustan criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) based on the results of the Toronto Tri-Hospital Study. The prevalence of GDM in Korean women increased, on average, by 60% when the Carpenter-Coustan criteria were applied. However, the pregnancy outcome of Korean women with GDM with regard to the Carpenter-Coustan criteria tremains to be reported. The pregnancy outcomes of those Korean women with GDM by the Carpenter- Coustan criteria, but not by the NDDG criteria were assessed. Methods: In this study, a total of 2776 pregnant women underwent universal screening for GDM, between January 1993 and December 1994, as recommended by the Third International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with minor modifications. The primary pregnancy outcomes were preeclampsia, premature delivery, delivery by C-section, birth weight and LGA infants. Results: Of the 2776 women, 656 screened-positive for GDM. Of these, 37 and 74 had GDM by the Carpenter-Coustan and NDDG criteria, respectively. With increasing glucose intolerance, there was a stepwise increase in premature deliveries, deliveries by C-section and preeclampsia from those screening negative to GDM by the NDDG criteria, with a similar trend for the frequency of LGA infants. The LGA infant screening-negative and positive were 13.5 and 16.1%, but those with a normal glucose tolerance were 27.0 and 33.8% in those screening positive to GDM by the Carpenter-Coustan and NDDG criteria, respectively(P
Selenium Content, Anthelmintic, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam. From Ubangi Ecoregion in Democratic Republic of the Congo

Over 80% of the African population relies on medicinal plants for the management of several diseases and to meet their primary healthcare [1]. In the therapy of several ailments, traditional medicine is showing a bright future and as it is performed as a good clinical practice. Plants are known to be the source of several medicines such as anthelmintic drugs. However, helminths are recognized as one of the major problems in farms for the animal’s production and constitute a public health concern as well in the tropics. Most of diseases caused by helminths are of a chronic and devastating in nature; they probably cause morbidity and greater economic and social deprivation [2]. Currently, gastrointestinal nematodes become more resistant to available anthelmintic Abstract
Birth Outcomes in Hiv Positive Women Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy at The Tamale Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study

iii DEDICATION. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vi TABLE OF CONTENTS . viii LIST OF FIGURES / MAP . xii LIST OF TABLES . xiii LIST OF ABREVIATIONS / ACRONYMS . xiv CHAPTER ONE .
THE REPLACEMENT OF FISH MEAL WITH MAGGOT MEAL ON THE PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTIC, HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF GROWING RABBITS

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of replacing fish meal with maggot meal on the performance, carcass characteristic, haematological and serum biochemical indices of growing rabbits. Sixty rabbits of mixed breed, aged 6 – 8 weeks were randomly taken for the dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with twelve rabbits per treatment were replicated three times with four rabbits per replicate. The rabbits were feed with diets containing 0, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, and 5% maggot meal in diets as T1 (control), T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. The experimental diets and clean drinking water were given ad libitum throughout the study period of nine weeks. The results indicated significant (P<0.05) difference in the dry matter intake of the animals. The intake increased with increasing levels of maggot meal across dietary treatments, with rabbits fed 3.75 and 5% maggot meal having the highest values and those on the control 0% and 1.20% the least significant (P<0.05) difference existed between treatments in average daily gain with diet 1 (control) and 5 recording the highest value and diet 4 the lowest. The range of feed efficiency values are significantly (P<0.05) different from each other and the values decreased with increasing levels of maggot meal across dietary treatments. The results of carcass characteristics indicated significant (P<0.05) difference among treatments for slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, skin pelt, tail, feet and abdominal fat. The slaughter weight and carcass weight were better in groups receiving 2.50% maggot meal. The haematological showed significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatments in packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), but there was no significant (P>0.05) effect on haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The result also revealed significant (P<0.05) difference in serum globulin, glucose, cholesterol, urea and creatinine, but there was no significant (P>0.05) effect on serum albumin and total protein. From the results, it can be concluded that inclusion of 5% maggot meal as replacement for fish (50% replacement) has no adverse effect on the performance, carcass characteristics, haematological and serum biochemical indices of growing rabbits.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-ARTHRITIC POTENTIAL OF THE HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF THE STEM BARK OF PLUMERIA RUBRA IN FREUND'S COMPLETE ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS

To investigate the anti-arthritis effects of hydro-alcoholic stem bark extract (HSBE) of Plumeria rubra in Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model in wistar albino rats. Paw edema was produced by sub-plantar injection of 0.1 ml of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and paw volume was measured with plethysmometer. HSBE of the plant P. rubra (250 mg/kg & 500 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally for 14 days. Arthritic assessment was carried out based on parameters including paw edema, body weight, and spleen index. At the end of study period, animals were sacrificed and various biochemical, oxidative stress parameters, radiological and histological parameters were evaluated. Administration of HSBE significantly attenuated the behavioral, biochemical, hematological, radiological alteration induced by the CFA in dose dependent manner. From our study, we can conclude that the hydro-alcoholic extract of the plant has the potent activity to check the arthritis edema as well as inflammation & body weight. The potency of ant-oxidant activity was managed significantly. The radiological and histopathological investigations revealed that the extract produce significant reduction in mononuclear infiltration and bone erosion showed against adjuvant induced arthritis. INTRODUCTION: Arthritis is a musculoskeletal system disorder that destabilizes normal coupling between degradation and regeneration of articular cartilage in joints following mechanical and a biological collapse in the body. This chronic disease is a chief cause of turmoil in the daily life of mankind throughout the world. The pathophysiological phenomenon of arthritis involves up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and over expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes, resulting in elevated levels of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and nitric oxide 1 .
EFFECT OF TAPING ALONG WITH PNF TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE SHOULDER MOBILITY IN HEMIPLEGIC SUBJECTS

Background: The application of Kinesio Taping along with PNF technique is yet to measure and also in this method sufficient research seems to be lagging. Objective of the study was to find out the effectiveness of shoulder taping along with PNF technique in hemiplegic subjects. Method: Total 50 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups by purposive sampling making group-A (25) and group-B (25). Pre and post measurement of active range of motion of hemiplegic shoulder and arm component of the Motor Assessment Scale was recorded from both the group and the group-A was treated with Kinesio Taping and PNF technique. GroupB was treated with PNF technique alone. Result: shows there was an improvement in Pre to Post scores of ROM and MAS for both the groups, but when comparing both the groups, there was a drastic improvement in scores of ROM and MAS in group A when compared to group B with pvalue <0.0001. Conclusion: The result suggests that shoulder taping along with PNF technique is more effective to improve the mobility in hemiplegic arm.
Clinical and Dermoscopic Features of Skin Cancer at Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia: A Case Series Study

Background: Dermoscopy or epiluminescence microscopy (ELM) is a non-invasive clinical examination technique of pigmented skin lesions and early stage skin cancers.Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with skin cancer at dermatology outpatient clinic of Sanglah Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014. These patients were firstly assessed with unaided eye before underwent a dermoscopic examination. All diagnoses were confirmed with a histopathology examination.Results: There were 22 patients with skin cancer who enrolled in this study. The study participants were redominantly women (59.1%), age over 50 years (72.7%), working outdoor (90.9%), with the predominantly predominant site being on the face (96%). There were 7 patients (31.8%) with malignant melanoma and the predominant dermoscopic features were: atypical pigment network (71.4%), blue whitish veil (57.1%) and irregular streaks (57.1%). There were 10 patients (45.5%) with basal cell carcinoma, with the predominant dermoscopic feature being the arborizing vessel (60%) and ulceration (70%). There were 5 squamous cell carcinoma patients (22.7%) and the predominant dermoscopic features observed were keratin (80%) and hairpin vessels (100%). The histopathological examination results were in accordance with the description of dermoscopy featuresConclusions: Dermoscopy is a non-invasive tool for diagnosis of early skin cancer prior to performing a biopsy for histopathologic examination.
Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurement may Predict Asthma Exacerbation after Stepping down Formoterol/Budesonide Combination Therapy in Adult Asthma

Abbreviations: ACQ5: Asthma Control Questionnaire: 5-item version; ACT: Asthma Control Test; ANOVA: Analysis of Variance; FBC: Formoterol/Budesonide Combination; FEF50%: Forced Expiratory Flow at 50% of FVC; FeNO: Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide; GINA: Global Initiative for Asthma; ICS: Inhaled Corticosteroid LABA: Long-Acting β2-Agonist; Min% Max PEF: Lowest PEF Expressed as a Percentage of the Highest PEF; PEF: Peak Expiratory Flow; ROC: Receiver-Operator Characteristic; SABA: Short-Acting β2-Agonist; SFC: Salmeterol/Fluticasone Combination
Assessment of Haematopoietic Toxicity of Salacia lehmbachii

Plant extracts are generally known to treat a variety of diseases but their toxic effects in other organs are at times not assessed. The aim of this study was to assess the toxic potential of aqueous (ASL) and ethanol (ESL) extracts of Salacia lehmbachii on hematopoietic activity of Wistar rats to ascertain their safety owing to the plant’s widespread use in traditional medicine in Southeastern Nigeria. Forty two rats weighing between 150-170 g were randomized into seven groups (n=6). Group 1 (control) received 2ml of distilled water; groups 2-4 rats received 250, 500 and 750mg/kg of ASL while groups 5-7 rats received similar doses of ESL. Administration was per oral using an orogastric cannula for 28 consecutive days. At the end of treatment period, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for hematological analysis. Data obtained were computed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Turkey’s multiple comparison as post hoc. The results revealed that RBC, WBC, platelet counts, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit levels showed no significant attenuation.Therefore, treatment with S. lehmbachii at concentrations studied has a safety profile on hematopoietic cells and justified the plant’s extract in Southeastern Nigeria folkloric usage. Essiet GA 1* , Takem LP 1,2 , Essien AD 1 , Akuodor GC 3
Ultrasound elasticity imaging of deep venous thrombosis

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and its sequela, pulmonary embolism (PE), is the leading cause of preventable in-hospital mortality in the USA and other developed countries. Once detected, acute and subacute clots must be differentiated from chronic DVT for appropriate treatment. However, there are no reliable thrombus staging methods presently available in clinical practice. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that blood clots can be staged using ultrasound-based reconstructive elasticity imaging. Fibrin-composed blood clots harden with development. By imaging the clot elasticity it may be possible to differentiate clots, and therefore, provide a non-invasive means of DVT staging.
Levels of Four Heavy Metals in Two Fish Species Collected from Aldubaseen Area in Khartoum State, Sudan

Cr, Fe, Hg and Ni concentrations were determined in gills, muscles and bones of two fish species Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias lazera collected from Aldubaseen bridge area along the White Nile in Khartoum State. The concentrations of the metals were carried out using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Generally results showed that both fish species accumulated Fe at higher levels than Cr, Hg and Ni in the three tested tissues. The general pattern of accumulation of heavy metals in O. niloticus showed Fe > Cr > Hg > Ni while accumulation in C. lazera was Fe > Cr > Ni > Hg in three tested tissues of both fish species . Results also showed that accumulation of heavy metals differed in the different tissues. O. niloticus showed a significantly different (p < 0.05) pattern of accumulation as follows: muscles > gills > bones for the four heavy metals. In C. lazera although not significantly different (p > 0.05) the pattern was gills > muscles > bones for the four heavy metals. It was concluded that levels of heavy metals determined in this study were well below the maximum limits for fish consumption proposed by FAO\WHO [1].
KHORMA PROVINCE, WESTERN SAUDI ARABIA

*Corresponding Author: Dr. Muataz Ahmed Abdalla, Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Education and Science, Taif University (El.Khorma Branch), Saudi Arabia. 3948 A STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE AND FREQUENCY RATES OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AMONG PATIENTS IN EL. KHORMA PROVINCE, WESTERN SAUDI ARABIA Muataz A Abdalla and Sabry H Hassanin Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Education and Science, Taif University (El.Khorma Branch), Saudi Arabia. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Bakht-er-Ruda, Sudan. Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Fungus Alternaria Cassiae as A Biological Model for in Vitro Herbicide Toxicity Assessment

The aims of the present research were to evaluate the fungus Alternaria cassiae as test organism for ecotoxicological evaluations, through sensitivity tests to potassium dichromate (reference substance) and another twelve herbicide formulations. For the herbicides evaluation, the formulations were selected and the fungus was exposed to concentrations which ranged from 1.0 to 2500 mg L-1, with a seven days’ exposure period, kept in a biological oxygen demand chamber (BOD), at 25oC. The colony halo growth was measured, in order to calculate the inhibition concentration (IC50). The average inhibition concentration (IC50;7d) for potassium dichromate on Alternaria cassiae was 65.97 ± 9.48 mg L-1. The variation coefficient between the tests was 14.38%, which is considered to present an excellent repeatability. The herbicides amicarbazone, MSMA, 2,4 amine and imazetapyr were the less toxic; trifuralin, glyphosate, s metolachlor and oxiflorfem were moderately toxic; and clomazone, paraquat, fluazifop-p-butyl e ammonium-glufosinate were toxic to A. cassiae. All the tested herbicides, except for amicarbazone and imazetapyr caused risk with moderate adverse effect to A. cassiae. The fungus displayed excelent performance as test organism and may be adopted as standard test organism for herbicides toxicity evaluations.
Presence of Bacteria With Pathogenic Potential Among Already-Used Toothbrushes From University Students

Introduction: The most common oral hygiene aid used to improve the oral health of an individual is the toothbrush. Hence, it could play a role in initiation and transmission of infections and diseases. This study aimed at investigating the presence of haemolytic bacteria on used toothbrushes. Methods: A close-ended questionnaire was designed and distributed to a hundred Nigerian students. This was employed to ascertain the attitudes of students towards their toothbrush. Twenty samples of already-used toothbrush (1-3 months) were randomly collected from students. The heads containing bristles were detached soaked in peptone water and vortexed. Serial dilution was done and appropriate dilution factor was plated out on Nutrient agar medium. The isolates were tentatively identified with morphological and biochemical properties. They were also assayed for haemolytic activity and antibiotics susceptibility. Results: Results indicated that 80% of the students responded to the questionnaire, out of which > 60% agreed to have sometime injured themselves while brushing their teeth. A little above half of the participants do not care about the purity of the water they use in brushing. Majority (70%) saw no use submitting their toothbrush for microbiological assessment. However, 81.25% replace their toothbrush within 5 months of use. Seventeen out of the twenty samples examined had aerobic bacterial count of > 10 4 cfu/toothbrush. The 24 isolates obtained were found to belong to Lactobacillus , Staphylococcus , Streptococcus , and Bacillus genera with 55%, 30%, 20%, and 15% occurrence, respectively. Moreover, 40% of the isolates were found to be either alpha or beta haemolytic indicating their potential to cause disease. Conclusions: Generally, all isolates were susceptible to most of the commonly used antibiotics. It is envisaged that the results of this study would chaperone oral hygiene practice among individuals such as the immunocompromised.
RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL TOXICITY THROUGH CONTAMINATED VEGETABLES FROM WASTE WATER IRRIGATED AREA OF REWA (M.P.), INDIA

The present study had generated data on heavy metals in water, soil and different kind of vegetables from waste water irrigated sites of Rewa, India and associated risk assessment for consumer’s exposure to heavy metals. Present results showed that Pb, Cd, Mn and Cr in waste waters; Cd soils and Pb, Cd and Cr in all tested vegetables were above the national and international permissible limits. People living in the contaminated area are at greater risk for health issues than individuals in the reference area. Children are at somewhat higher risk than adults. Heavy metal concentrations were several fold higher in all the collected samples from waste water irrigated sites compared to clean water irrigated ones. In this study, the soil to vegetable transfer factor (TF) for various heavy metals and for most common vegetables consumed by human being were also calculated and data showed that the TF values differed significantly between soil and vegetable. However, the Daily Intake Rate (DIR) and Hazard Index(HI) of these metals through consumption of vegetables grown in waste water irrigated areas of Rewa was much less than that affect health. The hazardous quotient (HQ) of all studied heavy metals also indicated that all vegetables were safe with no risk to human health except for Pb contamination in Spinach, Cauliflower and Radish had potential for human health risk due to consumption of these vegetables grown in the area having long term uses of untreated waste water for irrigation at Naubasta site.
Approach on the Effects of Air and Noise Pollution in Uyo Metropolis

In Nigeria, like many developing nations, the causes of air pollution are legion: aggravated bush burning, combustion, gas flaring, improper disposal of domestic and industrial wastes; pollution through oil spillage; car exhausts, unsanitary and unsafe housing, etc. All these affect human well-being especially health and socio-economic well-being of the people of the Niger Delta in Nigeria in particular and in the world as a whole. Therefore, this paper highlights the dimensions, nature and characteristics of these phenomena and further examines the implications of air pollution on the health and socio-economic well-being of the people of Uyo in the Niger Delta.