Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary Analysis of Science Communication on Social Media during the COVID-19 Crisis

In times of crisis, science communication needs to be accessible and convincing. In order to understand whether these two criteria apply to concrete science communication formats, it is not enough to merely study the communication product. Instead, the recipient’s perspective also needs to be taken into account. What do recipients value in popular science communication formats concerning COVID-19? What do they criticize? What elements in the formats do they pay attention to? These questions can be answered by reception studies, for example, by analyzing the reactions and comments of social media users. This is particularly relevant since scientific information was increasingly disseminated over social media channels during the COVID-19 crisis. This interdisciplinary study, therefore, focuses both on science communication strategies in media formats and the related comments on social media. First, we selected science communication channels on YouTube and performed a qualitative multi-modal analysis. Second, the comments responding to science communication content online were analyzed by identifying Twitter users who are doctors, researchers, science communicators and those who represent research institutes and then, subsequently, performing topic modeling on the textual data. The main goal was to find topics that directly related to science communication strategies. The qualitative video analysis revealed, for example, a range of strategies for accessible communication and maintaining transparency about scientific insecurities. The quantitative Twitter analysis showed that few tweets commented on aspects of the communication strategies. These were mainly positive while the sentiment in the overall collection was less positive. We downloaded and processed replies for 20 months, starting at the beginning of the pandemic, which resulted in a collection of approximately one million tweets from the German science communication market.
Results of a Phase II Trial Testing the Resensitization With Trabectedin in Platinum-resistant Ovarian Cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM In patients with advanced platinum-resistant ovarian cancer we prospectively evaluated whether trabectedin could resensitize the tumor cells to platinum rechallenge. PATIENTS AND METHODS Upon progression to platinum-based chemotherapy, trabectedin was administered as a 3-hour infusion every three weeks and subsequently crossed over to carboplatin/carboplatin-based combinations. The primary endpoints comprised objective response rate (ORR) and time to progression after trabectedin (TTP Trab). Secondary endpoints included ORR following platinum post-trabectedin, the growth modulation index (GMI) assessed as the ratio of successive TTP to platinum, given after (TTP2) and before (TTP1) trabectedin, quality of life (QoL), and ancillary translational studies. RESULTS Ten patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer from a single institution were treated with trabectedin, one of whom achieved a partial response (PR) reaching the ORR of 10% and six had stable disease (SD) for a disease control rate (DCR) of 70%. After the treatment with platinum post-trabectedin, one patient achieved a PR and two had SD, attaining a rate of resensitization to platinum of 37.5%. The median TTP with trabectedin treatment was 15.0 weeks, while eight patients who received platinum post-trabectedin had the median TTP2 of 19.9 weeks. One patient reached the threshold of GMI >1 (12.5%) as indicator of clinical benefit. QoL of patients was not deteriorated with trabectedin. Predictive biomarkers of response to trabectedin and/or re-exposure to platinum could not be identified. CONCLUSION Although trabectedin did not achieve a wide resensitization to platinum in this heavily pretreated platinum-resistant population, a significant number of patients attained disease control.
Challenges in the Long-term Management of Patients With Coccidioidal Meningitis: A Retrospective Analysis of Treatment and Outcomes

Abstract Background Coccidioidal meningitis (CM) is the most severe form of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Despite years of clinical experience, it remains a difficult condition to treat, often requiring surgical procedures, such as placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, in addition to lifelong antifungal therapy. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with CM seen in a large referral center in Central Valley, California, from 2010 to 2020. Data pertinent to CM were collected and analyzed. Results Among 133 patients with CM identified in the 10-year period, nonadherence to antifungal therapy was noted in 43% of patients. Of the 80 patients who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for management of intracranial pressure, shunt failure requiring revision surgery occurred in 42 (52.5%). Rehospitalizations due to CM-related reasons occurred in 78 of 133 patients (59%). Twenty-three percent of patients (n = 29) died due to complications from CM, on an average 22 months after the diagnosis of CM. Encephalopathy at presentation was associated with a significantly higher risk of death. Conclusions Patients with CM in central California are predominantly rural agricultural workers with elevated levels of poverty and low health literacy and many barriers to care, leading to high rates of medication nonadherence and loss to follow-up outpatient care. Management challenges are frequent, such as failure of antifungal therapy, high rates of rehospitalization, and the need for repeated shunt revision surgeries. In addition to the development of curative new antifungal agents, understanding the barriers to patient adherence to care and antifungal therapy and identifying means to overcome such barriers are of paramount importance.
Radiative Transfer in Cirrus Clouds. Part III: Light Scattering by Irregular Ice Crystals

Abstract A new Monte Carlo/geometric ray-tracing method has been developed for the computation of the scattering, absorption, and polarization properties of ice crystals with various irregular structure, including hollow columns, bullet rosettes, dendrites, and capped columns. The shapes of these ice crystals are defined by appropriate geometric models and incident coordinate systems. The incident photons are traced with a hit-and-miss Monte Carlo method and followed by geometric reflection and refraction on the crystal boundary. Absorption has been accounted for by means of stochastic procedures. Computation of the phase matrix elements and normalization of the phase function have been carried out using the results derived from rays that undergo reflections and refractions and from Fraunhofer diffraction using projected cross section areas for irregular ice crystals. Numerical results are presented for visible and near-infrared wavelengths. It is shown that irregular ice crystals scatter more in forward .
An analysis of motivating factors in 1,725 worldwide cases of mass murder between 1900-2019

ABSTRACT Mass murder, particularly mass shootings, constitutes a major, growing public health concern. Specific motivations for these acts are not well understood, often overattributed to severe mental illness. Identifying diverse factors motivating mass murders may facilitate prevention. We examined 1,725 global mass murders from 1900–2019, publicly described in English in print or online. We empirically categorized each into one of ten categories reflecting reported primary motivating factors, which were analyzed across mass murderers generally, as well as between U.S- and non-U.S.-based mass-shooters. Psychosis or disorganization related to mental illness were infrequently motivational factors (166; 9.6%), and were significantly more associated with mass murder committed using methods other than firearms. The vast majority (998, 57.86%) of incidents were impulsive and emotionally-driven, following adverse life circumstances. Most mass murderers prompted by emotional upset were found to be driven by despair or extreme sadness over life events (161, 16.13% within the category); romantic rejection or loss, or severe jealousy (204, 20.44% within the category); some specific non-romantic grudge (212, 21.24% within the category); or explosive, overwhelming rage following a dispute (266, 26.65% within the category). Results suggest that policies seeking to prevent mass murder should focus on criminal history, as well as subacute emotional disturbances not associated with severe mental illness in individuals with poor coping skills who have recently experienced negative life events.
The role of atmospheric stability/turbulence on wakes at the Egmond aan Zee offshore wind farm

The aim of the paper is to present results from the NREL SOWFA project that compares simulations from models of different fidelity to meteorological and turbine data from the Egmond aan Zee wind farm. Initial results illustrate that wake behavior and impacts are strongly impacted by turbulence intensity [1]. This includes both power losses from wakes and loading illustrated by the out of plane bending moment. Here we focus on understanding the relationship between turbulence and atmospheric stability and whether power losses due to wakes can effectively be characterized by measures of turbulence alone or whether atmospheric stability as a whole plays a fundamental role in wake behavior. The study defines atmospheric stability using the Monin-Obukhov length estimated based on the temperature difference between 116 and 70 m. The data subset selected using this method for the calculation of the Monin-Obukhov length indicate little diurnal or directional dependence of the stability classes but a dominance of stable classes in the spring/unstable classes in fall and of near-neutral classes at high wind speeds (Figure 2). The analysis is complicated by the need to define turbulence intensity. We can select the ratio of the standard deviation of wind speed to mean wind speed in each observation period using data from the meteorological mast, in which case a substantial amount of data must be excluded due to the presence of the wind farm. An alternative is to use data from the wind turbines which could provide a larger data set for analysis. These approaches are examined and compared to illustrate their robustness. Finally, power losses from wakes are categorized according to stability and/or turbulence in order to understand their relative importance in determining the behavior of wind turbine wakes.
A New Critical Value Concerning the Genealogy of Long Period Families at L4 in the Restricted Three-body Problem ∗

We found another critical mass ratio value between μ4 and μ5 concerning the genealogy of the long period family around the equilateral equilibrium point L4 in the restricted three-body problem. This value has not been pointed out before. We used numerical computations to show how the long period family evolves around this critical value. The case is similar to that of the critical values between μ2 and μ4, with slight difference in evolution details.
Inferred variables in data assimilation: quantifying sensitivity to inaccurate error statistics

Abstract The ability of data assimilation systems to infer unobserved variables has brought major benefits to atmospheric and oceanographic sciences. Information is transferred from observations to unobserved variables in two ways: through the temporal evolution of the predictive equations (either a forecast model or its adjoint) or through an error covariance matrix (or a parametrized approximation to the error covariance). Here, it is found that high frequency information tends to flow through the former route, low frequency through the latter. It is also noted that using the Kalman Filter analysis to estimate the correlation between the observed and unobserved variables can lead to a biased result because of an error correlation: this error correlation is absent when the Kalman Smoother is used.
Development of high intensity focused ultrasound simulator for large‐scale computing

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been developed as a noninvasive therapeutic option. HIFU simulations are required to support the development of the HIFU device as well as the realization of noninvasive treatments. In this study, an HIFU simulator is developed that uses voxel data constructed from computed tomography scan data on the living human body and signed distance function (SDF) data to represent the object. The HIFU simulator solves the conservation equations of mass and momentum for mixtures with the equation of state for each medium. The numerical method is the finite‐difference time‐domain method. A high‐order finite‐difference method based on Lagrange interpolation is implemented to reduce numerical phase error. This approach reproduces wave propagation to an nth order of accuracy. Representation of the sound source by volume fraction, which is obtained from the SDF using a smoothed Heaviside function, provides around 1.66th order of accuracy in the spherical wave problem. As a realistic application, transcranial HIFU therapy for a brain tumor is modeled, where tissue inhomogeneity causes not only displacement of the focal point but also diffusion of the focused ultrasound. Even in such cases, focus control using phase delays, which are pre‐computed based on the time‐reversal procedure, enables correct focal point targeting as well as improved ultrasound focusing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of GSO, LSO and YSO scintillators using reverse avalanche photodiodes

The performance characteristics of GSO, LSO and YSO scintillators coupled to new "reverse" avalanche photodiodes (ReAPD) were investigated and compared to those of BGO. The energy and timing resolutions were measured as a function of photodiode bias and amplifier shaping time constant. While the performance of BGO and GSO is critically dependent on these operating parameters because the signal-to-noise ratio is degraded by the dark and excess noise from the ReAPD, that of the high-luminosity LSO and YSO scintillators is not. The energy resolution in these crystals is demonstrated to be limited by the scintillator resolution. Further analysis indicates that excess variance in the number of photons generated in the crystal is mostly responsible for their disappointing energy resolution. This feature appears to be related to the important non-linearity in scintillation response as a function of incident gamma-ray energy observed for these high-luminosity scintillators.
Changes in metabolic syndrome and the risk of breast and endometrial cancer according to menopause in Korean women

OBJECTIVES This study investigated how changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with the subsequent risk of breast and endometrial cancer according to menopausal status. METHODS This cohort study, using data from the National Health Insurance Service database, included women aged ≥40 years who underwent 2 biennial cancer screenings (2009-2010 and 2011-2012) and were followed up until 2020. Participants were grouped into MetS-free, MetS-recovery, MetS-development, and MetS-persistent groups. Menopausal status (premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal) was assessed at 2 screenings. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the association between MetS changes and cancer risk. RESULTS In 3,031,980 women, breast and endometrial cancers were detected in 39,184 and 4,298, respectively. Compared with the MetS-free group, those who recovered, developed, or had persistent MetS showed an increased risk of breast cancer, with adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of 1.05, 1.05, and 1.11, respectively (p<0.005). MetS persistence was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (aHR, 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.16) but not in premenopausal or perimenopausal women. MetS persistence was associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women, with aHRs of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.70), 1.59 (95% CI, 1.19 to 2.12), and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.32 to 1.63), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Increased breast cancer risk was associated with recovered, developed, and persistent MetS in postmenopausal women. Meanwhile, increased endometrial cancer risk was found in obese women who recovered from MetS or persistently had MetS, regardless of menopausal status, when compared to MetS-free women.
Use of Letermovir for CMV Prophylaxis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Review of the Literature and Single-Center Real-Life Experience

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) is mainly due to an increase of latent viremia in previously exposed patients. Furthermore, CMV reactivation in this setting has a significant impact on patient survival. Traditional approach to CMV reactivation post allo-HSCT was a pre-emptive treatment with antivirals in the case of increased viremia. However, since 2017, a new antiviral compound, letermovir, has been introduced in clinical practice and is deeply changing the common CMV approach. The toxicity profile of letermovir allowed its use in prophylaxes in patients at high risk of CMV reactivation. This review will focus on the present role of letermovir post allo-HSCT and discuss some possible future applications of the drug. Finally, our single center CMV management in view of the recent introduction of letermovir will be discussed.
A Numerical Study of Fog Clearing by Helicopter Downwash.

Abstract A two-dimensional axially symmetric computer model was used to study downwash-induced fog clearings. In order to produce a clearing the helicopter downwash must reach the ground while the helicopter hovers at or above the top of the fog. The major factors affecting the size and penetration of the downwash are the strength of the helicopter and the buoyancy of the downwash. The clearing can be enlarged beyond the size of the primary downwash by surface-induced divergence and by mixing of dry air into the fog.
Patient and multidisciplinary team perspectives on watch and wait in rectal cancer

This article adopts a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, oncology, radiology and patient perspectives, to discuss the key points of debate surrounding a watch and wait approach. In an era of shared decision‐making, discussion of watch and wait as an option in the context of complete clinical response is appropriate, although it is not the gold standard treatment. Key challenges are the difficulty in assessing for a complete clinical response, prediction of recurrence and access to timely diagnostics for surveillance. Salvage surgery has good results if regrowth is detected early but does have imperfect outcomes, with only a 90% salvage rate. Good communication with patients about the risks and alternatives is essential. Patients undergoing watch and wait should ideally be enrolled in prospective registries or clinical trials.
Mobility of the educated: Taiwanese migrants in Dongguan and Jakarta

Studies on migration, education and social mobility are usually discussed in three separate fields. This article presents the overlap of these three fields by discussing how Taiwanese migrants in Dongguan and Jakarta perceive the educational opportunities for their children and the ethnic-based status for themselves. The study finds that for people from middle- and working-class families, migration overseas to less developed countries is a good opportunity to obtain higher socio-economic status and an upward mobility path for their children. However, the opportunity also creates unexpected anxieties. The privileges that these migrants obtain and the anxieties they have illustrate opportunity traps for these middling migrants.
Polysemous Verbs Break, Run, and Draw Within Prototype Theory From the Perspective of Saudi Learners of English

This paper attempts to explore the nature of polysemous verbs using a cognitive linguistic framework from the perspective of second-language (L2) users: specifically, English as a foreign language (EFL) students in a Saudi Arabian university context. Drawing on Pulman (1983), this analysis examines multiple senses of the verbs break, run, and draw using prototype theory and seeks to identify any semantic patterns in the priority accorded to the polysemous senses attached to each verb by the learner. A questionnaire with sentences as placeholders embodying different senses of each verb and a 4-point goodness-of-fit scale were prepared. The results of this study show that non-native learners of English (EFL learners) are aware that there is a semantic network of meanings for polysemous verbs, and that these meanings exist on a continuum from more central (about three to four senses for each verb, which could be considered core/generic meanings) to more peripheral (between one to three senses, which could be considered more specific meanings). Correlation analyses between learners’ perceptions of a verb’s polysemy and vocabulary size and years of learning English were performed, yielding few positive relationships, and those only weakly significant.
Lithospheric Imaging Through Reverberant Layers: Sediments, Oceans, and Glaciers

The Earth, in large portions, is covered in oceans, sediments, and glaciers. High‐resolution body wave imaging in such environments often suffers from severe reverberations, that is, repeating echoes of the incoming scattered wavefield trapped in the reverberant layer, making interpretation of lithospheric layering difficult. In this study, we propose a systematic data‐driven approach, using autocorrelation and homomorphic analysis, to solve the twin problem of detection and elimination of reverberations without a priori knowledge of the elastic structure of the reverberant layers. We demonstrate, using synthetic experiments and data examples, that our approach can effectively identify the signature of reverberations even in cases where the recording seismic array is deployed in complex settings, for example, using data from (a) a land station sitting on Songliao basin, (b) an ocean bottom station in the fore‐arc setting of the Alaska amphibious community seismic experiment, and (c) a station deployed on ice‐sediment strata in the glaciers of Antarctica. The elimination of the reverberation is implemented by a frequency domain filter whose parameters are automatically tuned using seismic data alone. On glaciers where the reverberating sediment layer is sandwiched between the lithosphere and an overlying ice layer, homomorphic analysis is preferable in detecting the signature of reverberation. We expect that our technique will see wide application for high‐resolution body wave imaging across a wide variety of conditions.
End plate interference effects on the aerodynamics of a circular cylinder in uniform flow

Summary Results are presented of an investigation into the interference effects associated with end plates of a type commonly used for the simulation of infinitely long (‘two-dimensional’) cylinder flow conditions around models confined with the working section of a wind tunnel. Experiments were performed with smooth circular cylinders of low area blockage in steady, low-turbulence, uniform airflow at a Reynolds number of 4·4 x 104 and involved the measurement of vortex shedding frequencies in the wake of the body, together with mean and fluctuating surface pressures, from which coefficients of local mean drag, r.m.s. lift and r.m.s. drag were calculated, and the use of a surface flow visualisation technique. The results reveal the aerodynamic characteristics of the disturbance induced by an end plate within the interference region which extends to 3·5 diameters from each plate.