Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Japanese Cursive Character Recognition for Efficient Transcription

: We conducted detailed experiments of Japanese cursive character recognition to promote Japanese historical document transcription and digitization by using a publicly available kuzushiji dataset released by the Center for Open Data in the Humanities (CODH). Using deep learning, we analyzed the causes of recognition difﬁculties through a recognition experiment of over 1,500-class of kuzushiji characters. Furthermore, assuming actual transcription conditions, we introduced a method to automatically determine which characters should be held for judgment by identifying difﬁcult-to-recognize characters or characters that were not used during training. As a result, we conﬁrmed that a classiﬁcation rate of more than 90% could be achieved by narrowing down the characters to be classiﬁed even when a recognition model with a classiﬁcation rate of 73.10% was used. This function could improve transcribers’ ability to judge correctness from context in the post-process—namely, the previous and subsequent characters.
Accuracy of Pap Smear in Cervical Cancer Screening

Introduction: Globally, cancer of the cervix is the second leading cancer in females. The sensitivity of conventional Pap smear in diagnosing cervical lesions before development of cervical cancer is fifty one percent, which indicates that false negative results is forty nine percent. The aim of this research is to compare two methods for cervical cancer screening (conventional Pap smear and colposcopy). Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out on 38 patients who presented to the private clinic, during the period 1st January-1st September 2018. All cases underwent Pap smear, a colposcopy, and a cervical biopsy, with the latter being considered as the gold-standard test. Inclusion criteria include married for at least 3 years, non pregnant, age ≥ 21 years. The exclusion criteria were the following; women with active vaginal bleeding, hysterectomy, women with frank growth and/or who had never been sexually active or had undergone prior treatment for CIN or cancer of cervix, or had unsatisfactory Pap smear. Pathological study was done by histopathology specialist. Conventional Pap smear was used, using a smear made on a glass slide for CPS and fixed. Cytology was reported using Bethesda system and histology reporting was done using CIN terminology. Results: Most of the cases were Atypical Squamous Cell Undetermined Significant (ASCUS) 15 (39.5%). Histopathological study of the biopsy taken from the patient revealed that: Squamous cell carcinoma was found among 2 (5.3%) of the patients, CIN3 2 (5.3%), 4 (10.5%), and CIN1 7 (18.4%). The overall sensitivity of Pap smear was (93%), with the largest sensitivity among those aged ≤ 44 years (100%), while among those aged ≥ 45 years it was decreased (86%). Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity results indicate that the cytologists need more training as it is operator dependent.
Difference in Isokinetic Strength of Shoulder Joint Muscles in Dominant versus Nondominant Upper Extremities in Children

Muscle training plays an important role intreatment of shoulder joint disorders. Strength of one upper extremity (UE) can be used as a comparison for the other one. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in isokinetic peak torque of shoulder joint flexors and extensors in the dominant versus non-dominant UE. Relationship between dominant and nondominant shoulder joint flexor and extensor muscles was also investigated. Methodology:Shoulder isokinetic measurements were obtained from fifty children (30 boys and 20 girls) with age range 8-12 years at two angular velocities (60◦ and 180◦/sec) during flexion and extension movements.Results: There was significant difference in peak torque of shoulder joint flexors at both speeds and in shoulder joint extensors at velocity 180°/sec only in the dominant compared to the non-dominant UE.In addition, there was significant positive correlation between peak torque of shoulder joint flexors and extensors in both UE.Conclusion: Results of the current study proved that strength of shoulder joint flexor and extensor muscles in the dominant UE is greater than the non-dominant one. Therefore, it seems inappropriate to use isokinetic strength of the non-dominant shoulder joint as normal baseline data for the affected side without proper handedness adjustment.
Variance component analysis of growth and production traits in Vanaraja male line chickens using animal model

Objective A comprehensive study was conducted to study the effects of partition of variance on accuracy of genetic parameters and genetic trends of economic traits in Vanaraja male line/project directorate-1 (PD-1) chicken. Methods Variance component analysis utilizing restricted maximum likelihood animal model was carried out with five generations data to delineate the population status, direct additive, maternal genetic, permanent environmental effects, besides genetic trends and performance of economic traits in PD-1 chickens. Genetic trend was estimated by regression of the estimated average breeding values (BV) on generations. Results The body weight (BW) and shank length (SL) varied significantly (p≤0.01) among the generations, hatches and sexes. The least squares mean of SL at six weeks, the primary trait was 77.44±0.05 mm. All the production traits, viz., BWs, age at sexual maturity, egg production (EP) and egg weight were significantly influenced by generation. Model four with additive, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects was the best model for juvenile growth traits, except for zero-day BW. The heritability estimates for BW and SL at six weeks (SL6) were 0.20±0.03 and 0.17±0.03, respectively. The BV of SL6 in the population increased linearly from 0.03 to 3.62 mm due to selection. Genetic trend was significant (p≤0.05) for SL6, BW6, and production traits. The average genetic gain of EP40 for each generation was significant (p≤0.05) with an average increase of 0.38 eggs per generation. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.02 in PD-1 line. Conclusion The population was in ideal condition with negligible inbreeding and the selection was quite effective with significant genetic gains in each generation for primary trait of selection. The animal model minimized the over-estimation of genetic parameters and improved the accuracy of the BV, thus enabling the breeder to select the suitable breeding strategy for genetic improvement.
Characteristics of drug resistance in HIV-1 CRF55_01B from ART-experienced patients in Guangdong, China.

BACKGROUND HIV-1 acquired drug resistance (ADR) has become a critical clinical and public health issue. Recently, HIV-1 CRF55_01B has been found more frequently in the MSM population. OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and the extent of changes in drug susceptibility among ART-experienced CRF55_01B-infected adults of Guangdong. METHODS ADR was tested for immediately in CRF55_01B-infected patients with virological failure. Demographic and epidemiological information was collected. DRMs and antiretroviral susceptibility were interpreted using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database HIVdb program. RESULTS Overall, 162 (4.78%) CRF55_01B isolates were identified from 2013 to 2018. Among DRMs, M184V (43.83%) was the most frequent NRTI DRM, followed by K65R (23.46%), and V179E (98.77%) was the most frequent NNRTI DRM, followed by K103N (47.53%) and Y181C (14.81%). According to the HIVdb program, 79.01% of the CRF55_01B-infected patients carried mutations conferring low-level or higher drug resistance to any of the three classes of ART drugs. Among PI DRMs, only one mutation affording low-level resistance to nelfinavir was found (0.62%). Among NRTI DRMs, a high proportion of high-level resistance to lamivudine (58.64%) and emtricitabine (58.02%) was found. As regards NNRTIs, more than 75% of patients carried efavirenz and nevirapine DRMs. The percentages of high-level resistance were 70.99%, 63.58%, 22.22%, 17.90% and 4.32% for nevirapine, efavirenz, rilpivirine, doravirine and etravirine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS High frequencies of DRMs and resistance were observed among CRF55_01B-infected patients failing ART in Guangdong, and interventions may be considered to minimize ecological contributions to ART.
American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for sickle cell disease: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebrovascular disease in children and adults.

BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) complications are among the most common, devastating sequelae of sickle cell disease (SCD) occurring throughout the lifespan. OBJECTIVE These evidence-based guidelines of the American Society of Hematology are intended to support the SCD community in decisions about prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the most common neurological morbidities in SCD. METHODS The Mayo Evidence-Based Practice Research Program supported the guideline development process, including updating or performing systematic evidence reviews. The panel used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, including GRADE evidence-to-decision frameworks, to assess evidence and make recommendations. RESULTS The panel placed a higher value on maintaining cognitive function than on being alive with significantly less than baseline cognitive function. The panel developed 19 recommendations with evidence-based strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat CNS complications of SCD in low-middle- and high-income settings. CONCLUSIONS Three of 19 recommendations immediately impact clinical care. These recommendations include: use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound screening and hydroxyurea for primary stroke prevention in children with hemoglobin SS (HbSS) and hemoglobin Sβ0 (HbSβ0) thalassemia living in low-middle-income settings; surveillance for developmental delay, cognitive impairments, and neurodevelopmental disorders in children; and use of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain without sedation to detect silent cerebral infarcts at least once in early-school-age children and once in adults with HbSS or HbSβ0 thalassemia. Individuals with SCD, their family members, and clinicians should become aware of and implement these recommendations to reduce the burden of CNS complications in children and adults with SCD.
Treosulfan conditioning for allogeneic transplantation in multiple myeloma – improved overall survival in first line haematopoietic stem cell transplantation – a large retrospective study by the Chronic Malignancies Working Party of the EBMT

Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article. Table SI. All AEs, any grade, regardless of attribution to CA1P, by system organ class reported for All R/R AML and MDS patients treated with CA1P (OXi4503) as a single agent (N = 19). Table SII. CA1P-related adverse events according to CTCAE severity grade in safety population (N = 19). Data S1. Supplemental methods. Data S2. Supplemental results.
Comparison of Treatment, Cost, and Survival in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Western Washington, United States, and British Columbia, Canada.

PURPOSE Few studies have directly compared health care utilization, costs, and outcomes between patients treated in the US multipayer health system and Canada's single-payer system. Using cancer registry and claims data, we assessed treatment types, costs, and survival for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in Western Washington State (WW) and British Columbia (BC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients age ≥ 18 years diagnosed with mCRC in 2010 and later were identified from the BC Cancer database and a regional database linking WW SEER to claims from Medicare and two large commercial insurers. Demographics, treatment characteristics, costs of systemic therapy, and survival data were obtained from these databases and compared between the two regions. RESULTS A total of 1,592 patients from BC and 901 from WW were included in the study. Median age was similar (BC, 66 years; WW, 63 years), but patients in BC were more likely to be male (57.1% v 51.2%; P ≤ .01) and to have de novo metastatic disease (61.0% v 38.3%; P ≤ .01). The use of radiation therapy was similar between regions (BC, 31.2%; WW, 33.9%; P = .18), but primary tumor resection was more common in BC (74.1% v 66.3%; P ≤ .01) as was hepatic metastasectomy (12.4% v 2.3%; P ≤ .01). Similar percentages of patients received systemic therapy (BC, 68.8%; WW, 67.1%; P = .40), but costs were significantly higher for first-line systemic therapy in WW ($6,226 v $15,792 per patient per month; P ≤ .01). Median overall survival was similar (BC, 16.9 months; WW, 18 months). CONCLUSION Cost of systemic therapy for mCRC was significantly higher for patients in WW than in BC, but this did not translate to a difference in overall survival.
Single-center experience of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) and extended pelvic lymph node dissection.

OBJECTIVE To report the outcomes of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) series for bladder cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between October 2016 and June 2019, overall 57 patients (50 men, 7 women) were included in the study. Patient demographics, operative data, and postoperative pathological outcomes were evaluated. Patients who had a history of pelvic or Professional surgery due to other concurrent malignancy, radiation therapy, or lacked data were excluded from the study. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 64.72±9.09 years. The mean operation time, intraoperative estimated blood loss, and hospitalization time were 418.58±85.66 minutes, 313.00±79.16mL, and 13.44±5.25 days, respectively. The postoperative pathological stages were reported as pT0 (n=8), pTis (n=4), pT1 (n=4), pT2 (n=22), pT3a (n=11), pT3b (n=2), pT4a (n=4), pT4b (n=1), and other (n=1). The mean lymph node (LN) yield was 23.45±9.43. Positive LNs were found in 16 (28.1%) patients. Surgical margins were positive in 3 (5.26%) patients. The mean follow-up period was 15.42±8.31 months. According to the modified Clavien-Dindo system, minor (Clavien 1-2) and major (Clavien 3-5) complications occurred in 18 (31.58%) and 9 (15.78%) patients during the early (0-30 days) period and in 4 (7.02%) and 5 (8.77%) patients in the late (31-90 days) period. CONCLUSION RARC and ePLND are complex but safe procedures with acceptable morbidity and excellent surgical and oncologic outcomes in muscle-invasive or high-risk bladder tumors.
The early identification of people with personality disorder in the criminal justice system

The prevalence of personality disorder is very high among criminal justice (correctional) populations, yet our understanding of this condition as it arises in police custody is presently limited. Although healthcare screening has a well-described role within criminal justice settings, including police custody, specific screening for personality disorders has hardly been considered. Yet such screening is broadly in keeping with the aims of liaison and diversion services and the general healthcare principle of early identification, has the potential to inform future care pathways and ameliorate risk and could in some cases inform future sentencing arrangements including community alternatives. Therefore, there is a need for research to consider the design and implementation of a suitable screening tool for application as early as possible in the criminal justice pathway, either as a stand-alone instrument, or as part of a wider package of healthcare screens. It will be important to consider the feasibility of any such design, given environmental and time limitations within police custody and the high levels of substance misuse, with issues relating to intoxication and withdrawal.
Caries-Associated Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Streptococcus mutans

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a chronic disease affecting the oral health of children globally. This disease is multifactorial, but a primary factor is cariogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans. Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encode small molecules with diverse biological activities that influence the development of many microbial diseases, including caries. The purpose of this study was to identify BGCs in S. mutans from a high-caries risk study population using whole-genome sequencing and assess their association with ECC. Forty representative S. mutans isolates were selected for genome sequencing from a large-scale epidemiological study of oral microbiology and dental caries in children from a localized Alabama population. A total of 252 BGCs were identified using the antiSMASH BGC-mining tool. Three types of BGCs identified herein—butyrolactone-like, ladderane-like, and butyrolactone-ladderane-like hybrid (BL-BGC)—have not been reported in S. mutans. These 3 BGCs were cross-referenced against public transcriptomics data, and were found to be highly expressed in caries subjects. Furthermore, based on a polymerase chain reaction screening for core BL genes, 93% of children with BL-BGC had ECC. The role of BL-BGC was further investigated by examining cariogenic traits and strain fitness in a deletion mutant using in vitro biofilm models. Deletion of the BL-BGC significantly increased biofilm pH as compared to the parent strain, while other virulence and fitness properties remained unchanged. Intriguingly, BL-BGC containing strains produced more acid, a key cariogenic feature, and less biofilm than the model cariogenic strain S. mutans UA159, suggesting the importance of this BL-BGC in S. mutans–mediated cariogenesity. The structure of any BL-BGC derived metabolites, their functions, and mechanistic connection with acid production remain to be elucidated. Nevertheless, this study is the first to report the clinical significance of a BL-BGC in S. mutans. This study also highlights pangenomic diversity, which is likely to affect phenotype and virulence.
Dialectical behavioral therapy for the treatment of adolescent eating disorders: a review of existing work and proposed future directions

ABSTRACT Over the past several decades, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) has been adapted for a range of presenting problems related to emotion dysregulation. Considerable enthusiasm exists regarding the use of DBT for treating eating disorders; however, to date, there have been no reviews summarizing empirical efforts to adapt DBT for eating disorders in youth. Accordingly, in the present narrative review, we provide a comprehensive summary of existing work testing DBT for adolescent eating disorders. First, we briefly review existing work applying DBT to eating disorders in adults and general adolescent samples. We then review research focused specifically on the use of DBT for adolescent eating disorders, including both those studies applying DBT as the primary treatment and investigations of DBT as an adjunctive treatment. Overall, initial results for DBT-based approaches are promising. However, rigorous empirical work testing DBT for treating adolescent eating disorders remains limited; the majority of existing research is comprised of case series and small-scale studies. Therefore, we close with specific recommendations for future research testing this approach.
Preconception and perinatal predictors of offspring attachment disorganization: Advancing the replicated evidence

Abstract Attachment disorganization in early childhood is an influential yet modifiable risk factor for later mental health problems. Beyond established transmission through parents’ unresolved attachment representations and caregiving sensitivity, little replicated evidence exists for wider determinants of offspring attachment disorganization. This study examined the replicated evidence for psychosocial risk factors in the preconception, prenatal, and postnatal periods. We identified all relevant longitudinal studies, and examined all risk relationships for which evidence existed in two or more cohorts (48 effects, 17 studies, N = 6,099). Study-specific and pooled risk associations were estimated and a range of moderators evaluated. Mothers’ low socioeconomic status (r = .28, k = 2), perinatal loss of a child (r = .26, k = 2), caregiving intrusiveness (r = .31, k = 2), and infant male sex (r = .26, k = 4) predicted offspring attachment disorganization. Maternal sensitivity (r = –.25, k = 6) and higher metacognition during pregnancy (r = –.23, k = 3) predicted lower risk of offspring attachment disorganization. Findings suggest the origins of offspring disorganized attachment include but extend beyond maternal unresolved attachment representations and caregiving. We discuss implications for theory and for identification of modifiable risk pathways in the perinatal window.
Proteins Involved in the Induction of Procoagulant Activity and Autoimmune Response in Patients With Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome

The aim of this study was to determine the plasma protein profile of patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) compared to healthy controls and identify proteins that might be used in the evaluation, diagnosis, and prognosis of this condition. The sample consisted of 14 patients with PAPS and 17 sex- and age-matched controls. Plasma samples were submitted to proteomic analysis (albumin and immunoglobulin G depletion, concentration, digestion, and label-free data-independent mass spectrometry). The software ExpressionE was used to quantify intergroup differences in protein expression. The analysis yielded 65 plasma proteins of which 11 were differentially expressed (9 upregulated and 2 downregulated) in relation to controls. Four of these are known to play a role in pathophysiological mechanisms of thrombosis: fibrinogen α chain, fibrinogen α chain, apolipoprotein C-III, and α-1-glycoprotein-1. Our analysis revealed autoimmune response and the presence of proteins believed to be functionally involved in the induction of procoagulant activity in patients with PAPS. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings and may eventually lead to the development of significantly more accurate diagnostic tools.