Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contrast Staining may be Associated with Intracerebral Hemorrhage but Not Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Endovascular Thrombectomy

To evaluate the incidence of post-interventional contrast staining (PICS) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) Chinese patients who were treated with endovascular thrombectomy (ET) and investigate potential association of PICS with functional outcome and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This observational study was based on a single-center prospective registry study. AIS patients who underwent ET from January 2013 to February 2017 were recruited into this study. All patients had dual-energy CT (DECT) scan of the head at 12 to 24 hours post-ET. The primary outcome was the incidence of PICS. Secondary outcomes were total ICH, symptomatic ICH (sICH), 3-month functional outcome, and long-term functional outcome. One hundred and eighty patients were enrolled in this study. PICS was detected in 50 patients (28%) based on the post-interventional CT scan. We first used basic statistical analyses, showing that the incidence of both total ICH (60% vs. 25%, p<0.001) and sICH (18% vs. 8%, p=0.044) were higher in patients with PICS than those without, and fewer patients achieved no disability (mRS≤1) in the PICS group compared to the control group at both 3-month and long-term follow-up (p<0.01 each). However, multivariate regression analysis further revealed that PICS only increased total (adjusted odds ratio, 7.38; 95% confidence interval 1.66 to 32.9; p=0.009) but not sICH risk. Furthermore, the logistic regression analyses did not show statistical difference in good clinical outcomes or mortality between the two groups. PICS is a common phenomenon in Chinese AIS patients. It is associated with total ICH after ET, but it seems to have no effect on functional outcome and sICH. Further large-scale studies are warranted to validate these results.
An Investment Framework for Nutrition: Reaching the Global Targets for Stunting Anemia Breastfeeding and Wasting.

The report estimates the costs impacts and financing scenarios to achieve the World Health Assembly global nutrition targets for stunting anemia in women exclusive breastfeeding and the scaling up of the treatment of severe wasting among young children. To reach these four targets the world needs $70 billion over 10 years to invest in high-impact nutrition-specific interventions. This investment would have enormous benefits: 65 million cases of stunting and 265 million cases of anemia in women would be prevented in 2025 as compared with the 2015 baseline. In addition at least 91 million more children would be treated for severe wasting and 105 million additional babies would be exclusively breastfed during the first six months of life over 10 years. Altogether achieving these targets would avert at least 3.7 million child deaths. Every dollar invested in this package of interventions would yield between $4 and $35 in economic returns making investing in early nutrition one of the best value-for-money development actions. Although some of the targets -- especially those for reducing stunting in children and anemia in women -- are ambitious and will require concerted efforts in financing scale-up and sustained commitment recent experience from several countries suggests that meeting these targets is feasible. These investments in the critical 1000 day window of early childhood are inalienable and portable and will pay lifelong dividends -- not only for children directly affected but also for us all in the form of more robust societies -- that will drive future economies.
Gender Differences in Cone Apex Location in Keratoconus

Timothy T. McMahon, OD, FAAO,1 Robert Anderson, PhD,2 Loretta B. Szczotka, OD, MS, FAAO,3 David Libassi, OD, FAAO,4 Ralph Gundel, OD, FAAO,4 Cynthia Roberts, PhD,5 Ashraf M. Mahmoud,5 and the CLEK Study Group. 1Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; 2Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; 3Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; 4College of Optometry, State University of New York, New York, New York; 5Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus in Beta thalassemic patients attending blood diseases center in Ibn- AL -Baladi Hospital, Baghdad

Background: Thalassemias are a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders, in which the rate of production of hemoglobin is partially or completely suppressed due to reduced rate of synthesis of α or β- chain Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis C infection among B thalassemia patients attending Ibn-AL-Baladi center of blood diseases in AL-Sader city, in AL-Resafa Quarter of Baghdad and to determine the possible risk factors. Type of the study: Cross- sectional study. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted on B Thalassemia patients attending the blood diseases center in Ibn-AL-Baladi hospital during the period from 1st of July till the 31st of December 2015. Results: All of 400 eligible patients, who were recruited to be included in this study, were accepted to participate in the study giving an overall response rate 100%. The prevalence rate of Hepatitis C according to anti HCV antibody test among the study group was 26%. Conclusions: we conclude that about quarter of Iraqi thalassemic patients visiting the thalassemia center in Ibn-AL-Baladi hospital have HCV infection
Uso de coprlitos de minhoca na produo de mudas de mamoeiro

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of substrates prepared with different proportion of soil and earthworm casting in the seedlings production of papaya. Two experiments were carried out in nursery of seedlings production of Federal University of the Acre - UFAC, both complying with completely randomized design with eleven treatments and ten replications. The treatments represent the mixture of different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 e 100%) of earthworm (Chibui bari) casting and soil, being dystrophic (V = 29%) in the experiment 1 and eutrophic (V = 80%) in the experiment 2. After 60 days of the planting the seeds was evaluated height of the plant and dry weight matter masses of shoot, root and total. It was verified that the addition of increasing doses of earthworm casting in the composition of the substrate resulted in increase of the growth of the plants in experiment 1 and reduction in experiment 2. The results of the experiments indicate that the use of earthworm casting in substrate prepared with soil only contributes for the increase of the growth seedlings of formosa papaya if the chemical condition of this organic material more will be appropriate than of the soil in taking care of the nutrition necessities of the plants. The results of the experiment with dystrophic soil indicate the possibility of use of the earthworm casting in the traditional production of papaya, especially in situations where the soil presents restrictions how much to the chemical condition.
Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair and its regulation by the DNA damage checkpoint

Elaborate DNA repair mechanisms have evolved, allowing cells to repair damages in their genomes. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) removes a variety of helix-distorting lesions, including those caused by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. NER operates via two subpathways. Transcription-coupled repair (TC-NER) rapidly removes transcription-blocking lesions in the transcribed strand (TS) of active genes, and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on the factors Rad26 and Rpb9. Lesions in untranscribed DNA, including the non-transcribed strand (NTS) of active genes are removed slower by global genome repair (GG-NER). Besides activating specific DNA repair systems, DNA damage also leads to a global cellular response, known as the DNA damage checkpoint (DDC). Cell-cycle progression is temporarily stopped after DNA damage to allow sufficient time for repair and prevent replication or segregation of damaged chromosomes. The DDC is a complex signal transduction cascade involving a number of protein kinases, the central players in budding yeast being Mec1 and Tel1, the homologues of human ATR and ATM, respectively. Besides inhibiting cell-cycle progression, accumulating evidence suggests that DNA repair systems are also influenced by the checkpoint. I have investigated the rates of repair of UV lesions in checkpoint deficient strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found that NER is significantly inhibited on both strands of an active gene in the absence of Mec1. The effect on NTS repair seems to be caused by deficient de novo synthesis of repair factors, whereas TC-NER is influenced mainly by post-translational modification of one or more pre-existing proteins. I have characterised a checkpoint-dependent phosphorylation of Rad26, and have shown using point mutants that this phosphorylation increases the TC-NER capacity of cells, establishing a new link between NER and the checkpoint. In addition to these results about the interplay between the DDC and NER pathways, preliminary data from two unrelated projects will be presented. One was an attempt to establish a system for analysis of NER factor recruitment to an artificial, highly UV-damage-prone DNA sequence. The other focussed on the regulation of UV-induced degradation of Rpb1, the largest RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) subunit, by the DDC.
Leaf lamina anatomy of eight avocado cultivars

1Campo Experimental Valle del Fuerte. INIFAP. Carretera Internacional México-Nogales, km 1609. Los Mochis, Sinaloa. C. P. 81110. (gcvictorm@hotmail.com). 2Instituto de Horticultura. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Carretera México-Texcoco, km 38.5. Chapingo, Estado de México. C. P. 56230. (sweetia.ramirez@gmail.com). 3Campo Experimental Bajío. INIFAP. Celaya, Guanajuato. A. P. 112. C. P. 38110. (lit007a@gmail.com). 4The Hofshi Foundation. 1260 S. Main St. Falbrook, CA 92028. USA. (rhofshi@avocadosource.com). 5Department of Botany and Plant Sciences. University of California, Kearney Agricultural Center. 9240 S. Riverbend Avenue. Parlier, CA 93648. USA. (Arpaia@uckac.edu). §Autor para correspondencia: abarrien@correo.chapingo. mx.
Inducible protective processes in animal system VII: involvement of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in EMS induced adaptive response in grasshopper Poecilocerus pictus meiotic cells.

Adaptive response is an inducible error-free repair mechanism reported in in vivo and in vitro animal systems. Enzymes involved in adaptive response in animal systems are yet to be deciphered. In this direction, the involvement of PARP, a repair enzyme was undertaken. To understand this, nicotinamide, a PARP inhibitor was employed. Two sets of pre-treatment expts. were carried out in EMS treated meiotic cells of grasshopper P. pictus. In one set of expts. , nicotinamide was given 2 or 4 h earlier to combined treatment (conditioning + challenging). In another set, nicotinamide was given 2 or 4 h earlier to challenge treatment alone. Animals were sacrificed at different recovery times. The results have revealed that when pre-treatment was given before low dose, there is significant redn. of chromosomal anomalies. However, when nicotinamide treated cells were challenged, there was no significant redn. The results are discussed with ref. to the involvement of PARP in adaptive response. [on SciFinder(R)]
Impact of high-volume disease in Asian population with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical oncological outcomes and prognostic factors of high-volume disease (HVD) in the Asian population with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 503 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer. Patients were classified as HVD if visceral metastases were present and/or ≥4 bone lesions with ≥1 lesion beyond the vertebral bodies and pelvis. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival were investigated based on the disease burden. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the prognostic factors. Results: About 50.7% patients were classified as low-volume disease (LVD) and 49.3% were HVD at diagnosis. The medians of OS and cancer-specific survival were 64 and 116 months, respectively, for patients with LVD and 26 and 46 months, respectively, for men with HVD (both P < 0.001). Among patients with HVD, 76.6% had both high-volume bone disease (HBD) (≥4 bone metastases) and appendicular bone involvement. There was no significant difference in both OS and cancer-specific survival between patients with visceral metastases and those with HBD combined with appendicular bone involvement. In the multivariable analysis, presence of Gleason score ≥8, HBD, or HVD may predict poorer OS and cancer-specific survival outcomes (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Asian patients with high-volume metastatic prostate cancer had a larger proportion of HBD with appendicular bone involvement, who had a comparably poor prognosis to those with visceral metastases. Patients with HBD or HVD had reduced survival outcomes.
Role of HLA-G, HLA-E and KIR2DL4 in Pregnancy

Abstract Mammalian pregnancy has always been considered as immunological enigma. During pregnancy various immunological components at fetomaternal interface contribute to the immunosuppression which may allow semiallogenic fetus to survive. Along with Th2 shift, some other cytokines also play an important role in directing the normal pregnancy. Further modulation of immunological effector cells like T cells, macrophages and NK cells are also involved. Further, the lack of HLA class I expression at fetomaternal interface assists in escaping the fetus from maternal immune response, moreover, simultaneous expression of non classical HLA-G and HLA-E at fetomateral interface helps in downregulation of NK cells. NK cells interact with HLA-G via their KIR2DL4 receptors. We have reviewed the role of these molecules and how the loss of function in any of these components can lead to immunodysregulation hence leading to rejection of the fetus.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens : chemotaxis and crop protection

Chemotaxis in Agrobacierium tumefaciens was studied. Several plant derived monocyclic phenolic compounds were analysed for their ability to act as chemoattractants for A. tumefaciens C58C (^1) and as inducers of the Ti-plasmid virulence operons. The results divided the phenolics into 4 groups. A strong correlation between vir- inducing ability and Ti-plasmid requirement for chemo taxis was established and chemical structure rules for vir induction and chemo taxis are outlined. Furthermore, virA and virG were found to be the Ti-plasmid virulence genes required for chemo taxis towards the monocyclic phenolic compound acetosyringone. Chemotaxis towards both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant extracts was analysed. Undiluted shoot and root extracts from both sources elicited a response from both Ti-plasmid harbouring and cured A. tumefaciens C58C(^1) However, when diluted extracts of Wheat and Kalanchoe shoot homogenate were analysed, a distinct enhancement of chemotaxis was conferred by the Ti-plasmid, suggesting that recognition of, and attraction towards, susceptible plants is not the step blocked in monocot transformation. Analysis of cell wall material revealed that native cell wall components are not required for chemotaxis of A. tumefaciens C58C (^1) towards plant extracts. Results obtained on chemotaxis along with current knowledge of vir- induction allowed the development of a novel idea involving Agrobacterium as a biocontrol agent. A chitinase gene from Serratia marcescens was manipulated such that its promotor was removed. The promotorless cassette was linked to the virB pro-motor from an octopine Ti-plasmid and the construct introduced into Agrobacterium harbouring virA and virG. The potential benefit of this biocontrol system with respect to other existing biocontrol systems is that expression of the pesticidal gene is regulated by components of wound exudate and therefore is a conservative process, pesticide being produced only when a plant is wounded, at a time when it is most susceptible to attack by plant pathogens, and then exclusively in the microrhizosphere around the wound site.
Transcriptional Regulation of theStaphylococcus aureus Collagen Adhesin Gene,cna

We demonstrate that transcription of the Staphylococcus aureus collagen adhesin gene (cna) is temporally regulated, with expression being highest in exponentially growing cultures and falling to almost undetectable levels as cultures enter the post-exponential-growth phase. The temporal regulation ofcnatranscription was not affected by mutation ofagr. We also demonstrate that the collagen adhesin is expressed by bothagr 1 and
Understanding of adsorption mechanism and tribological behaviors of C18 fatty acids on iron-based surfaces : a molecular simulation approach

The current requirements in automotive lubrication impose complex formulation. Among all the additives present in oil, the presence of molybdenum dithiocarbamate and zinc dithiophosphate, both tribological additives containing sulfur and phosphorous is found. For environmental reasons, it is important to reduce or eliminate the presence of these two elements contained in oil. Organic molecules based on carbon, oxygen and hydrogen seems to be good candidate. The lubrication mechanism of fatty acids (e.g. stearic, oleic and linoleic acids) is revisited with a new approach combining experimental and computational chemistry studies. First, the adsorption mechanisms of fatty acids on iron-based surfaces are investigated by Ultra-Accelerated Quantum Chemistry Molecular Dynamics simulations. The adsorption of fatty acids on iron oxide surface occurred through the acid group. Depending on the nature of the substrate, on the density of the film and on the tilt angle between the molecule and the surface, different adsorption mechanisms (physisorption and chemisorption) can occur. Stearic acid molecules form a close-packed and well-arranged monolayer whereas unsaturation acids cannot because of steric effects induced by double carbon-carbon bonds. The friction process favors the formation of carboxylate function. Results are confirmed by surface analysis (XPS and PM-IRRAS). Tribological properties of pure fatty acids, blended in PAO 4 and mixture of saturated/unsaturated acids are studied by MD simulations and tribotests. Low friction coefficient with no visible wear is reported for pure stearic acid and single stearic acid blended in PAO 4 at 1%w at high temperature. This lubricating behavior is inhibited in the presence of unsaturated acids, especially at 150 °C. MD simulation results show a faster diffusion toward the surface for unsaturated fatty acids than for stearic acid at all studied temperature.
Assessment of knowledge and usage of HIV post exposure prophylaxis among healthcare workers in a regional hospital in Ghana

# Background Post exposure prophylaxis remains the single most important means of decreasing HIV infection upon occupational exposure. It offers over 80% protection against HIV sero-conversion when initiated within 72 hours of exposure and if the treatment regimen followed diligently for 28 days. This study assessed the level of knowledge and usage of post exposure prophylaxis among healthcare workers in the Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua, Ghana where HIV prevalence is high. # Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 HealthCare Workers (HCWs) between May and July 2016. Data was collected using self-administered structured questionnaires and analyzed with Stata-13. Bivariate associations were tested using chi-square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Multivariate analysis was conducted with logistic regression. A *P*-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. # Results Out of the 185 HCW interviewed, 96.8% considered themselves at risk of occupational exposure with 83.2% reporting occupational exposure within the last 12 months. Nearly all participants (97.3%) knew about the existence of post exposure prophylaxis (PEP). A majority (90.8%) acknowledged the effectiveness of PEP in preventing HIV infection. About 89% knew that the exposed area should be washed with soap and water or flushed with copious amounts of water and 65.4% knew whom to contact after exposure. Although about 93% knew PEP should be started within 72 hours of exposure, only 38.9% knew the duration of treatment to be four weeks. The accurate drug regime following a high-risk needle stick injury was known by 25.1% while the proportion of needle stick injuries could result in HIV transmission was unknown by 65.9%. Although 51.9% were eligible to take PEP, only 33.8% reported having received PEP. # Conclusions Despite high levels of knowledge of the effectiveness of HIV PEP, the appropriate first aid to perform and the time of commencement of PEP, Usage of PEP was low among HCWs despite the high prevalence of occupational injuries. Training to prevent occupational exposure, increase the level of knowledge and use of PEP is recommended.
Symposium on 'Perspectives in the study of food intake' The evolution of the control of food intake

The ultimate goal of an organism is to maximise its inclusive fitness, and an important sub-goalmust be the optimisation of the lifetime pattern of food intake, in order to meet the nutrientdemands of survival, growth and reproduction. The conventional assumption that fitness ismaximised by maximising daily food intake, subject to physical and physiological constraints, hasbeen challenged recently. Instead, it can be argued that fitness is maximised by balancing benefitsand costs over the organism’s lifetime. The fitness benefits of food intake are a function of itscontribution to survival, growth (including necessary body reserves) and reproduction. Againstthese benefits must be set costs. These costs include not only extrinsic foraging costs and risks,such as those due to predation, but also intrinsic costs associated with food intake, such as obesityand oxidative metabolism that may reduce vitality and lifespan. We argue that the aggregate ofbenefits and costs form the fitness function of food intake and present examples of such anapproach to predicting optimal food intake.
Tree Hollows and Wildlife Conservation in Australia

More than 300 species of Australian native animals - mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians - use tree hollows. Many of these species are threatened, or are in decline, because of land-use practices such as grazing, timber production and firewood collection. This work is an account of the dependent fauna of Australia, and introduces a considerable amount of new data on development of hollows, selection by fauna, pests and introduced species, and artificial hollows.