Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Trends of Snowfall in Central New York - A Lake Effect Dominated Region

ix Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Northeast Snowfall.2 1.2 Lake Effect Snowfall . 4 1.2.1 Lake Effect Snowfall Synoptic Conditions . 5 1.2.2 Factors Influencing Lake Effect Snow Forecasting . 7 1.3 The Influence of Water Bodies on the Central New York Climate . 8 1.3.1 The Great Lakes . 8 1.3.1.1 Temporal and Spatial Variations within the Great Lakes . 10 1.3.1.2 Lake Effect Snow Development Over Lake Ontario . 11 1.3.2 Lake Effect Snow from Small Lakes in New York State.12 1.4 Snowfall Variations . 13 1.4.1 Snowfall Trends . 13 1.4.1.1 North American Trends . 13 1.4.1.2 Lake Effect Snowfall Trends . 17 1.4.2 Snowfall Variations Due to Teleconnections . 20 1.4. 3 Seasonal Variations . 24 1.4. 4 Daily Variations . 26 1.5 Impacts of Snowfall . 26 1.5. 1 Daily Snowfall Impacts.26 1.5. 2 Annual Snowfall Impacts . 28 1.6 Problem Statement . 29 1.7 Objectives and Research Questions . 30 1.8 Hypotheses . 31 1.8. 1 Snowfall Trends for Central New York . 31 1.8. 2 Spatial Changes of Snowfall in Central New York . 32 1.8. 3 Factors Influencing Snowfall Changes in Central New York . 32 Chapter 2: Methodology . 33 2.1 Study Area . 33 ii 2.1.1 Topography . 35 2.1.2 Hydrology . 36 2.2 Data . 37 2.2.1 Observed Stations . 38 2.2.2 Observed Variables and Assumptions . 40 2.2.2.1 Snowfall Data.41 2.2.2.1.1 Seasonal Snowfall Data . 41 2.2.2.1.2 Monthly Snowfall Data . 42 2.2.2.2 Temperature and Precipitation Data . 42 2.2.2.2.1 Seasonal Air Temperature and Precipitation Data.42 2.2.2.2.2 Monthly Air Temperature and Precipitation Data.44 2.2.3 Teleconnection Data . 44 2.2. 4 Homogenous Data . 45 2.3 Analyses . 47 2.3.1 Initial Region Classification . 47 2.3.2 Principal Component Analyses for Regional Classifications . 49 2.3.3 Snowfall Trends for Central New York . 51 2.3.3.1 Central New York Snowfall Trends . 53 2.3.3.2 Regional Snowfall Trends.54 2.3.3. 3 Station Snowfall Trends . 55 2.3.3.4 Monthly Snowfall Trends . 57 2.3.4 Annual Spatial Snowfall Trends . 57 2.3. 5 Principal Component Analyses for Correlated Signals . 59 2.3. 6 Factors Influencing Snowfall Changes in Central New York . 61 Chapter 3: Results . 64 3.1 Principal Component Analyses for Regional Classifications . 64 3.1.1 Summary of PCAs for Regional Classifications . 71 3.2 Snowfall Trends . 71 3.2.1 Central New York Snowfall Trends . 71 3.2.1.1 Summary of Central New York Snowfall Trends . 75 3.2.2 Regional Snowfall Trends.75 3.2.2.1 Wind Direction Regions . 75 3.2.2.2 PCA Regions . 78 3.2.2.3 Summary of Regional Snowfall Trends . 79 3.2.3 Station Snowfall Trends . 80 3.2.3.1 Summary of Station Snowfall Trends . 84 3.2. 4 Monthly Snowfall Trends . 85 3.2. 4.1 Monthly Snowfall Correlations.87 3.2. 4.2 Summary of Monthly Snowfall Trends . 88
A comparison of glacial chronologies between the Eastern and Western Cordilleras, Bolivia

Past studies of regional paleo-equilibrium line altitude in the central Andes are based on the assumption that large outermost moraines visible in remotely sensed images of the Western Cordillera date the last glacial maximum (LGM). However, field investigation and geomorphic mapping at Nevado Sajama, Bolivia indicates the large moraines are relic features with smaller moraines overlying and extending beyond them. Cl exposure ages from the smaller moraines suggest that they date to late glacial times ~16.9 ka -10.2 ka. Although late glacial deposits have been found throughout the Central Andes, the extent of these deposits relative to LGM deposits varies both between the Western and Eastern Cordilleras and north-to-south along the Western Cordillera. In the Western Cordillera in the zone of easterly winds, the late glacial appears to be the most extensive glacial advance of the last glacial cycle. Geomorphic evidence also suggests that some late glacial moraines were deposited by cold based ice, a previously unreported finding in the tropical Andes. Retreat from other glacial features occurred at about 7.0 4.4 ka and 4.7 3.3 ka. These are the first dated Holocene glacial deposits in the Western Cordillera of Bolivia.
The Implementation of Government Fixed Assets Administration: A Case Study on the Government of Aceh Singkil Regency

The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of fixed asset administration in Aceh Singkil Government. A qualitative approach was used in this study and the sample was determined by using purposive sampling. Data source of this study is primary data. Triangulation technique was used to collect data using observation of asset administration documents, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques of triangulation. In general, the results showed that the implementation of fixed asset administration in Aceh Singkil Government was still in poor criteria. This is supported by BPK's findings on the annual audit of the Aceh Singkil LKPD. Although Aceh Singkil Governmenthave obtained the WTP opinion, there are some notes on fixed assets administration that must be addressed by the Government of Aceh Singkil. Another finding is the lack of a good internal control system of fixed assets administration in the Government of Aceh Singkil. Furthermore, several factors that support and prevent the administration of fixed assets in Aceh Singkil Regency Government were found. The factors that support fixed assets administration include; an adequate understanding of the apparatus, a good ability of BMD management apparatus to operate computers, a good incentive system for BMD management apparatus, and enactment of regional regulations/qanun as the basic law to implement the government commitments of Aceh Singkil in fixing the administration of fixed assets, BPK’s routine audits, and developments in communication technology. On the other hand, factors that hinder fixed assets administration include; incomplete fixed asset data, insufficient BMD management officers in OPDs who have many fixed assets and wide distributions, human resource development opportunities for BMD management officers are still very low, and a poor internal control system. The results of this study are expected to be useful for Aceh Singkil Regency Government to improve fixed assets administration.
Molecules in astrophysics : probes and processes : proceedings of the 178th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Leiden, the Netherlands, July 1-5, 1996

Preface. Conference Summary. Star Formation. Comets and the Solar System. Basic Molecular Processes. Grains and PAHs. ISO First Results. Diffuse and Translucent Clouds. Stars and Circumstellar Envelopes. Galaxies. Appendices: 1: Summary of Detected Molecules. 2: Molecular Data Bases. Abbreviations. Keyword Index. Molecule Index. Object Index. Author Index. List of Photos. List of Posters. List of Participants.
Endoscopic Septoplasty: A Novel Technique - A Case Series of 19 Cases

The present study is of prospective type, conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Medical College and Shree Sayaji General Hospital, Baroda between the period between June 2007 and July 2009. All the patients presenting in the outpatient department of this hospital with symptomatic nasal septal deviations were examined systematically and suitable patients were selected for surgical management. All the patients in whom endoscopic septoplasty was performed as a preliminary step of another nasal surgery (e.g. FESS, DCR) were also included in this study. A diagnostic endoscopy was routinely performed before the final surgery (Fig. 1). All the patients with significant infection in the nose were usually given a course of antibiotics and decongestants before planning surgery. Patients with nasal polyposis and fungal sinusitis were also given a preoperative trial of steroid sprays and antifungals. A patient with CSF rhinorrhea was observed for a period of 3 weeks with a conservative line of treatment before planning surgical intervention. A computerized tomography (CT) scan was always advised for the patients being planned for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. INTRODUCTION
Endoscopic septoplasty: retrospective analysis of 60 cases.

OBJECTIVE To review retrospective data of 60 patients who underwent endoscopic septoplasty over a period of two years. METHODS The medical records of 60 patients who underwent endoscopic septoplasty during the period December 2008 and November 2009 at the King Hussein Medical Center (Amman, Jordan) were reviewed for surgical indications, intraoperative technique, findings, and postoperative complications. RESULTS Nasal obstruction was the most common presenting symptom, being found in 55 (91.6%) patients. Out of 60 cases, thirty seven were performed in conjunction with endoscopic sinus surgery. In 23 cases, endoscopic septoplasty was performed alone as the primary procedure. Nasal endoscopic evaluation located nasal septum deviations in the following order; 29 of the deviations were broadly based deflections (48.3%), whereas 23 of the septal deformities were spurs (38.3%). In 8 (13.3%) patients more than 1 type of septal deformity was encountered. No major complications occurred in the immediate post-operative period. Minor complications, such as haemorrhage occurred in one (1.6%) patient and septal haematoma in one (1.6%) patient. CONCLUSION Endoscopic septoplasty is an effective technique that can be performed safely alone or in combination with endoscopic sinus surgery with minimal additional morbidity. It provides significant clinical and excellent teaching tool when used in conjunction with video monitors over traditional approaches.
Isolated Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis of the Central Nervous System Mimicking Trigeminal Neuropathy, Bell’s Palsy, and Glioblastoma in an Epstein-Barr-Negative Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is an Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative B-cell neoplasm that typically involves multiple organ systems. This disease is exceedingly rare when confined to the central nervous system (CNS), usually presenting as a mass lesion or diffuse disease, with no existing standard of care. We present the case of a 67-year-old patient who had a unique and insidious course of isolated CNS lymphomatoid granulomatosis. The disease first presented with cranial neuropathies involving the trigeminal and facial nerves that were responsive to steroids both clinically and radiographically. Two years later, the disease manifested as a parietal mass mimicking high-grade glioma that caused homonymous hemianopsia. The patient underwent craniotomy for resection and was treated with rituximab after surgery. The patient has achieved progression-free survival more than three years after the surgery. Surgical debulking and post-procedural rituximab resulted in favorable survival in a case of isolated CNS lymphomatoid granulomatosis. An intracranial mass preceded by steroid-responsive cranial neuropathies should raise suspicion for lymphoproliferative disorder.
Influence of Beetroot Supplementation on Oxygen Muscle Saturation of Semi-Professional Soccer Players Following a Repeated Sprint Test

Dietary nitrates have hemodynamic and metabolic effects on the body. This study aimed to investigate nitrate intake's effect on quadricep muscle oxygen saturation (StO2) of semi-professional soccer players during a repeated speed test (RSA). In a randomized, crossover design, 10 semi-professional soccer men players (21.3 ± 0.9yrs) performed two conditions: In one they consumed a nitrate-rich concentrated beetroot juice (250 mL/150 mg of NO3−) and in the other a placebo, 2h before a repeated sprint test. StO2 of the right vastus lateralis muscle was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. A paired samples t-test was used to compute any differences in the subjects’ performance on the StO2 and on RSA test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The supplementation of nitrates limited the decrease in muscle oxygenation during the six sprints of RSA test (p < 0.001) and also, there seemed to be a tendency for limited the decrement of performance on RSA test (t = -1.586, p = 0.157, η2 = 0.218). In conclusion, acute nitrate supplementation reduces the decrement of muscle oxygenation during exercise with repeated sprints and leads to a tendency of fatigue resistance during repeated sprints under controlled situations. Nitrate supplementation may have an ergogenic effect during exercise with repeated sprints via the higher muscle oxygenation.
Case Report: Non-negligible Epstein-Barr virus-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in a lung transplant recipient

Background Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are uncommon but serious complications in patients following solid organ transplantation. Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a risk factor for the development of PTLD, especially early-onset PTLD, in EBV-negative recipients. To date, however, there are no specific guidelines on the threshold of EBV-DNA load for therapeutic intervention, the source for measurement (e.g., blood, bronchoalveolar fluid), or the use of antiviral agents as prophylaxis for early PTLD prevention in EBV-mismatched patients. Methods The present study describes a 56-year-old male lung transplant recipient diagnosed with EBV-associated PTLD. Results This patient had a history of invasive fungal disease and Mucor and Aspergillus fumigatus infections in the early post-transplant period, necessitating antifungal therapy throughout the course of the disease. The patient was EBV-positive 15 days after transplantation, with lung CT showing multiple bilateral nodules of varying sizes beginning 98 days after transplantation. A lung biopsy showed PTLD, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed EBV. This patient, however, did not receive any antiviral therapy for early PTLD prevention or any PTLD-related treatment. He died 204 days after lung transplantation. Conclusion The present study describes a lung transplant recipient who developed EBV-associated PTLD, a non-negligible disease, after solid organ transplantation. Monitoring EBV-DNA load is important, as a sudden increase may be a sensitive indicator of PTLD. An earlier diagnosis may increase the likelihood of successful treatment.
The potential for soil carbon sequestration

Of the five principal global carbon pools, the ocean pool is the largest at 38.4 trillion metric tons (mt) in the surface layer, followed by the fossil fuels (4.13 trillion mt), soils (2.5 trillion mt to a depth of one meter), biotic (620 billion mt), and atmospheric pools (800 billion mt). If the fluxes among terrestrial pools are combined, annual total carbon flows across the pools average around 60 billion mt, with managed ecosystems (croplands, grazing lands, and plantations) accounting for 57 percent of that total. Thus, land managers have custody of more annual carbon flows than any other group.
Designing a Security Framework Based on Hybrid Communication in Internet of Nano Things

In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a significant field of study with far-reaching implications. Integrating this nanoscale technology into the Internet of Things (IoT) has given rise to the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) paradigm. This revolutionary technology significantly impacts healthcare, smart homes, and defense. This technological advancement has opened up new possibilities for enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of these areas and has the potential to revolutionize their approach. Many research initiatives are addressing the definition of secure, scalable, and reliable network architectures at the nanoscale. However, the nano nature of this technology poses several security challenges for secure data transmission. Authentication is one of a prerequisite for secure data transmission. Our study presents a novel elliptic curve cryptography-based authentication protocol for IoNT in this context. Since the nanoscale devices have less computational capabilities, this protocol leverages a secure hash function and XOR operations to ensure lightweight yet robust authentication. The protocol seamlessly integrates molecular and electromagnetic communication methods, thereby enhancing both security and efficiency within IoNT networks. In such a hybrid approach, parameter settings and message exchange are properly devised to achieve the aforementioned security services effectively. The security and authentication aspects of the protocol are rigorously examined using the real-or-random (ROR) model and Burrows–Abadi–Needham (BAN) logic, with its resilience against security threats tested via the automatic validation of Internet security protocols and application tool. We also analyze communication costs, computational overhead, and real-world feasibility. Finally, by employing the Nano-sim and N3Sim tools, we simulate and demonstrate the Internet of Nano-Things environment (i.e., expressed in terms of the packet loss ratio and the average amount of time required for propagation of authentication messages through molecular communications). This research stands as a pivotal contribution, fortifying the foundations of IoNT through heightened security and enhanced reliability.
Effect of Payment Gateways towards Online Shopping Behavior in SME in Indonesia

This study aims to examine the relationship between trust, types of payment methods, perceived usefulness, and convenience to the people’s purchase intention and whether that affect people’s online shopping behavior in SMEs in Indonesia—types of payment methods. Data were collected from 205 respondents in Indonesia using purposive sampling. Path Analysis was used in this study, and the results showed that Perceived Usefulness has a strong, unidirectional positive influence and significant effects on the Purchase Intention of payment gateway users but is not significant to Online Shopping Behavior. Convenience variables have a strong, unidirectional positive influence and significantly affect Purchase Intention and Online Shopping Behavior of payment gateway users in Indonesia.
Synthrusting remagnetization of the Krížna nappe: high resolution palaeo- and rock magnetic study in the Strážovce section, Strážovské vrchy Mts, Central West Carpathians (Slovakia)

Palaeomagnetic studies of the uppermost Jurassic to lower Cretaceous pelagic carbonates in the Križna nappe in the Stražovske vrchy Mts (Central West Carpathians, Slovakia) revealed the presence of secondary magnetite-related magnetization of exclusively normal polarity (component b), which was most probably acquired during the thrusting episode in the late Cretaceous. three formations exposed in the Stražovce section were the subject of investigation: Jasenina (Kimmeridgian–tithonian), osnica (lower–Middle berriasian) and Mraznica (Upper berriasian–hauterivian). Component b is ubiquitous throughout the section but is strongest in the Mraznica formation. this formation contains a lot of superparamagnetic particles and shows rock magnetic characteristics typical of chemically remagnetized carbonates. the remaining two formations, although also remagnetized, bear traces of an older, probably primary magnetization (component C). the fold test for component b is apparently positive; however the inclination in pre-folding coordinates is too steep for any expected palaeoinclination of Jurassic to recent age. additional tectonic correction must be applied to match the palaeoinclinations with expected values. although there is some uncertainty in this additional correction, all plausible options suggest that the rocks must have been magnetized when they dipped in the opposite direction to the thrusting direction. this interpretation is concordant with the internal tectonics of the Križna nappe, consisting of imbricated units of duplex-type structure.
Association among anterior maxillary dental arch form, alveolar bone thickness and sagittal root position of maxillary central incisor : a cone beam computed tomography analysis

Purpose: This study evaluated the association among the dental arch form, age-sex groups, and sagittal root position regarding alveolar bone thickness in the maxillary central incisor using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 280 patients were categorized based on the dental arch form and age-sex groups. Five hundred and sixty sagittal CBCT images of the maxillary central incisors were examined to measure the labial and palatal bone thickness at the root apex level,�at the mid-root level and 3 mm apically from cemento-enamel junction, with SRP classification. Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analyses. Results: Significant differences in alveolar bone thickness among the arch form and SRP. Square dental arch form and class I SRP showed the highest bone thickness at root apex�levels of the palatal aspect. Taper dental arch form and class II SRP presented the highest bone thickness at the apex level of the labial aspect. No association between the distribution of dental arch form and SRP was found. The elderly female was significantly associated with thinner alveolar bone thickness and showed the negative correlation at all sites. � Conclusion: The patient's dental arch form,�age-sex group, and sagittal root position affect their alveolar bone around maxillary central incisors in varying magnitude. Therefore, the clinician should take these combinations of factors into account when planning�implant placement.
Clogging of fractured formations by biocolloids suspended in reclaimed wastewater

This work focuses on the removal of pathogens from reclaimed water injected into a fractured aquifer model (FAM). The objectives of the work are to simulate the field conditions of the Nardo aquifer in Southern Italy (Masciopinto et al., 2008), where the fractures are not “clean,” and to monitor pathogen behavior during transport in a FAM. Pathogens are considered to be biocolloids that deposit onto fracture surfaces and can lead to hydraulic conductivity reduction and clogging of the FAM.
Moral Considerations in Political Decision-Making: Differences by Political Orientation and Gender

There may be many factors determining the moral dimensions used by individuals when making political decisions. Two important dimensions worthy of examination are political orientation and gender. Based on Moral Foundation Theory (Graham et al., 2009), the present study examined how both of the aforementioned factors influence the moral dimensions used in political decisions. Participants (n = 338) completed a demographic survey, rated their self-perceived political orientation and then completed the Moral Relevance Scale (Graham, Haidt, & Nosek, 2009) and the Ideological Consistency Scale (Pew Research Center, 2014), which was used to place participants in liberal, moderate or conservative political orientation groups. A MANOVA showed no differences in participants based on gender, but significant differences in decision-making based on political ideology. Discussion focused on how moderates differ in their views from other ideologies, a relatively new finding.