Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ONSET OF SPIRAL STRUCTURE IN THE UNIVERSE

The onset of spiral structure in galaxies appears to occur between redshifts 1.4 and 1.8 when disks have developed a cool stellar component, rotation dominates over turbulent motions in the gas, and massive clumps become less frequent. During the transition from clumpy to spiral disks, two unusual types of spirals are found in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field that are massive, clumpy, and irregular like their predecessor clumpy disks, yet spiral-like or sheared like their descendants. One type is “woolly” with massive clumpy arms all over the disk and is brighter than other disk galaxies at the same redshift, while another type has irregular multiple arms with high pitch angles, star formation knots, and no inner symmetry like today's multiple-arm galaxies. The common types of spirals seen locally are also present in a redshift range around z ∼ 1, namely grand design with two symmetric arms, multiple arm with symmetry in the inner parts and several long, thin arms in the outer parts, and flocculent, with short, irregular, and patchy arms that are mostly from star formation. Normal multiple-arm galaxies are found only closer than z ∼ 0.6 in the Ultra Deep Field. Grand design galaxies extend furthest to z ∼ 1.8, presumably because interactions can drive a two-arm spiral in a disk that would otherwise have a more irregular structure. The difference between these types is understandable in terms of the usual stability parameters for gas and stars, and the ratio of the velocity dispersion to rotation speed.
REALISTIC MODELING OF THE PULSE PROFILE OF PSR J0737–3039A

The Double Pulsar, PSR J0737–3039A/B, is a unique system in which both neutron stars have been detected as radio pulsars. As shown in Ferdman et al., there is no evidence for pulse profile evolution of the A pulsar, and the geometry of the pulsar was fit well with a double-pole circular radio beam model. Assuming a more realistic polar cap model with a vacuum retarded dipole magnetosphere configuration including special relativistic effects, we create synthesized pulse profiles for A given the best-fit geometry from the simple circular beam model. By fitting synthesized pulse profiles to those observed from pulsar A, we constrain the geometry of the radio beam, namely the half-opening angle and the emission altitude, to be ∼30° and ∼10 neutron star radii, respectively. Combining the observational constraints of PSR J0737–3039A/B, we are able to construct the full three-dimensional orbital geometry of the Double Pulsar. The relative angle between the spin axes of the two pulsars (ΔS) is estimated to be ∼(138° ± 5°) at the current epoch and will likely remain constant until tidal interactions become important in ∼85 Myr, at merger.
Dynamical instability and loss of p-band bosons in optical lattices

NORDITA, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden(Dated: January 24, 2011)We study how the bosonic atoms on the excited p-band of an optical lattice are coupled to thelowest s-band and the 2nd excited d-band. We ﬁnd that in some parameter regimes the atom-atominteractions can cause a dynamical instability of the p-band atoms towards decay to the s and d-bands. Furthermore, even when dynamical instability is not expected s- and d-bands can becomesubstantially populated. We also ﬁnd that, the stability properties of the excited bands can beimproved in superlattices.
in A Framework to Improve and Safety Neglect on and Construction SCAFFOLDING IN THE UK AND IRELAND: A FRAMEWORK TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND SAFETY NEGLECT ON SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

and (2020) Scaffolding and Ireland: Medium-Sized The health, safety and well-being of construction operatives is a fundamental aspect of the construction industry, and safety standards have improved greatly with the introduction of safety training initiatives and welfare facilities on-site. However, one area that often tends to be neglected is scaffolding safety, particularly on smaller construction sites. Therefore, this study aims to analyse current scaffolding safety systems for Kwikstage scaffolding in the UK and Ireland, identify any differences between the two regions, investigate current scaffold safety neglect, if any, and finally, create a framework to encourage operatives to be more aware of the dangers of working with scaffolding on construction sites. A detailed literature review and pilot study provided foundations for the research to lead to both qualitative and quantitative approaches, using a combination of interviews and questionnaire surveys with industry professionals. Results were analysed consistently to ensure comparability, linking key phrases and topics from each method of research undertaken. Findings identified that scaffolding safety is neglected more-so by SME's based on smaller scaled construction sites, who tend not to sub-contract scaffolding temporary works. This research led to the creation of a new ‘INSPECT’ framework, designed to be displayed at scaffolding access and egress points, along with the development of a ‘traffic light system’ for the inspection of erected scaffolding. The INSPECT framework, developed using keywords from the research undertaken, is an acronym for Inspect, Neat, Secure, PPE, Entry, Caution and Trips. Overall, the key contribution is the development of a framework, using key information to display to construction operatives on-site, to improve their overall health, safety and well-being on-site when entering a scaffolding structure.
Transcreating humour for (re)dubbing into Arabic: creativity, register variations and meaning making between overt and covert dichotomies

The transfer of humorous elements in audio-visual texts is a challenging task as verbal expressions heavily rely on witty wordplay and are visually bound. To overcome such a challenge, the translator has to have two particular skills: creativity and a thorough understanding of the context and/or intended meanings. This paper aims at investigating the realisation of humour in dubbing animation vis-à-vis register variation and creativity by comparing the Egyptian dub with the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) re-dub of Disney’s Monster’s Inc . Drawing on House’s (2015) translation quality assessment model, the data analysis reveals that resorting to colloquialism as a covert translation strategy provided a functionally adequate, nuanced leeway for the translator to capture the essence situational humour of the source text by relying on the on-screen visuals. Therefore, the translator quasi-assumes the role of an author to communicate interpersonal meanings as effectively and humorously as possible. Meanwhile, resorting to the standard variation as an overt translation strategy significantly deflated and sacrificed verbal humour due to the translator’s literal style and Al-Jazeera’s ideological orientation that shuns functional equivalence for the sake of linguistic homogenisation.
Use of Drugs and Dietary Supplements in University Students of Sports Science: Results of a Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Dietary supplements are used to implement and balance common dietary habits. The general belief is that natural substances reduce the risk of chronic diseases and amplify sports performance with no harmful side effects. Since sports science students will become professionals of sport activities and may also have a role in suggesting the use of dietary supplements to athletes, the aim of this study was to evaluate if physical activity influences the use of drugs and dietary supplements. A modified version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQSF) was administered to perform these evaluations. A total of 1452 students from the University of Messina, Italy, enrolled in sports science courses completed the survey; of these, 1075 (704 male and 371 female students) were physically active in moderate- or high-intensity training. Of those physically active students, 709 (440 male and 269 female) were competitive athletes, identified on the basis of their answer to a specific question also indicating the type of sport they practice. The results suggest that 5.6% of all respondents were regular consumers of pharmaceutical products, compared to just 1.0% of the cohort of competing athletes. In contrast, the consumption of natural supplements was similar (14% vs. 15%) between groups. The most frequently used supplements were vitamins, including vitamin C, vitamin B complex, and multivitamin complex, followed by minerals and amino acids or protein complex. The probability of using dietary supplements was mostly related to the male gender (OR 1.64; 95% CI: 1.17–2.30), having a job (OR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.07–1.96), and, most of all, performing physical activity (OR 3.53; 95% CI: 2.18–5.71). The only factor related to a higher use of drugs was female gender (OR 2.40; 95% CI: 1.52–3.79), and the most used class was antihistaminic, followed by FANS. These results suggest that among the specific population of sports science students, those performing physical activity are less prone to using pharmaceutical products and have healthier habits.
Peroxymonosulfate Activation by Palladium(II) for Pollutants Degradation: A Study on Reaction Mechanism and Molecular Structural Characteristics

Compared with certain transition metals (e.g., iron, cobalt, and manganese), noble metals are less frequently applied in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Palladium (Pd), as one of noble metals, has been reported to possess the possibility of both radical mechanisms and electron transfer mechanisms in a heterogeneous Pd/PMS system, however, data are still sparse on the homogeneous Pd/PMS system. Therefore, this work aims to explore the homogeneous reactivity of PMS by Pd(II) ions from the aspects of reaction parameters, radical or non-radical oxidation mechanisms, and the relationship between pollutants’ degradation rate and their molecular descriptors based on both experimental data and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results. As a result, the reaction mechanism of Pd(II)/PMS followed a radical-driven oxidation process, where sulfate radicals (SO4•−), rather than hydroxyl radicals (HO•), were the primary reactive oxidant species. BOx and EHOMO played significant roles in pollutant degradation during the Pd(II)/PMS system. It turned out that the bond’s stability and electron donation ability of the target compound was responsible for its degradation performance. This finding provides an insight into PMS activation by a noble metal, which has significant implications for scientific research and technical development.
Large-scale bias of dark matter halos

Aims. We build a simple analytical model for the bias of dark matter halos that applies to objects defined by an arbitrary density threshold, 200 ≤ δ * < 1600, and that provides accurate predictions from low-mass to high-mass halos. Methods. We point out that it is possible to build simple and efficient models, with no free parameter for the halo bias, by using integral constraints that govern the behavior of low-mass and typical halos, whereas the properties of rare massive halos are derived through explicit asymptotic approaches. We also describe how to take into account the impact of halo motions on their bias, using their linear displacement field. Results. We obtain a good agreement with numerical simulations for the halo mass functions and large-scale bias at redshifts 0 ≤ z ≤ 2.5, for halos defined by a nonlinear density threshold 200 ≤ δ * ≤ 1600. We also evaluate the impact on the halo bias of two common approximations, i) neglecting halo motions, and ii) linearizing the halo two-point correlation.
The Effect of Circumscribed Exposure to the Pan-Aurora Kinase Inhibitor VX-680 on Proliferating Euploid Cells

Small molecule inhibitors of aurora kinases are currently being investigated in oncology clinical trials. The long-term effects of these inhibitors on proliferating euploid cells have not been adequately studied. We examined the effect of the reversible pan-aurora kinase inhibitor VX-680 on p53-competent human euploid cells. Circumscribed treatment with VX-680 blocked cytokinesis and arrested cells in G1 or a G1-like status. Approximately 70% of proliferatively arrested cells had 4N DNA content and abnormal nuclei. The remaining 30% of cells possessed 2N DNA content and normal nuclei. The proliferative arrest was not due to the activation of the tumor suppressor Rb and was instead associated with rapid induction of the p53–p21 pathway and p16. The induction was particularly evident in cells with nuclear abnormalities but was independent of activation of the DNA damage response. All of these effects were correlated with the potent inhibition of aurora kinase B. After release from VX-680, the cells with normal nuclei robustly resumed proliferation whereas the cells with abnormal nuclei underwent senescence. Irrespective of their nuclear morphology or DNA content, cells pre-treated with VX-680 failed to grow in soft agar or form tumors in mice. Our findings indicate that an intermittent treatment strategy might minimize the on-target side effects of Aurora Kinase B (AURKB) inhibitory therapies. The strategy allows a significant fraction of dividing normal cells to resume proliferation.
Workplace Support and Service - Oriented Organisational Citizenship Behaviour: The Mediating Role Of Psychological Empowerment And Affective Commitment

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanism underpinning the relationship between perceived supervisor support, perceived organisational support, and service-oriented organisational citizenship behaviour. The data was collected from 250 flight attendants working in airline companies, and structural equation model modelling using M-plus 7.0 was employed to test the hypotheses. This research provides evidence for the association between psychological empowerment, affective commitment, and service-oriented organisational citizenship behaviour. Additionally, perceived organisational support, psychological empowerment, and affective commitment were found to mediate the relationship between employees’ perceptions of the support from their supervisor and their service-oriented citizenship behaviour. In addition to contributing to the current literature, this research also suggests important implications for managers and practitioners in airlines.
Liberal‐democratic Values and Secondary School: The Case of Georgia

The paper focuses on studying the liberal-democratic values in the general education of Georgia. Based on the social interaction approach of political socialization, the article assesses pupils’ and teachers’ positions towards the liberal and democratic principles and values that have been declared policy goals of Georgia since 2004. Using DAP (Democracy-Autocracy Preference), DPE (Democratic Performance Evolution), and initially tested Lib-Dem (Liberal-Democratic) scales, 297 students and 121 teachers were surveyed. Results show that teachers demonstrate more liberal-democratic positions than pupils. Also, girls tend to be less supportive of authoritarian governments and share more liberal approaches than boys. A similar trend is observed comparing students from private and public schools. The type of school correlates to teachers’ results in supporting liberal and democratic positions. However, the more liberal-democratic positions the respondents share, the more likely they believe that “Georgian” and “Liberal” are incompatible. Also, respondents who see Georgia as a democratic country and are more proud to be members of Georgian society share less liberal and democratic principles and vice versa. The study shows how liberal and democratic declared and policy ideas are supported among respondents and what it means to Georgia and its education system. Based on the results and discussion, new research questions are articulated dealing with gender, the generation gap, and the importance of the type of school that needs to be examined more carefully using the social interaction approach and qualitative methods and techniques, as well.
Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning Assisted Rapid Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Chest Radiographical Images: A Survey

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been applied successfully in many real-life domains for solving complex problems. With the invention of Machine Learning (ML) paradigms, it becomes convenient for researchers to predict the outcome based on past data. Nowadays, ML is acting as the biggest weapon against the COVID-19 pandemic by detecting symptomatic cases at an early stage and warning people about its futuristic effects. It is observed that COVID-19 has blown out globally so much in a short period because of the shortage of testing facilities and delays in test reports. To address this challenge, AI can be effectively applied to produce fast as well as cost-effective solutions. Plenty of researchers come up with AI-based solutions for preliminary diagnosis using chest CT Images, respiratory sound analysis, voice analysis of symptomatic persons with asymptomatic ones, and so forth. Some AI-based applications claim good accuracy in predicting the chances of being COVID-19-positive. Within a short period, plenty of research work is published regarding the identification of COVID-19. This paper has carefully examined and presented a comprehensive survey of more than 110 papers that came from various reputed sources, that is, Springer, IEEE, Elsevier, MDPI, arXiv, and medRxiv. Most of the papers selected for this survey presented candid work to detect and classify COVID-19, using deep-learning-based models from chest X-Rays and CT scan images. We hope that this survey covers most of the work and provides insights to the research community in proposing efficient as well as accurate solutions for fighting the pandemic.
Novel Machine-Learning-Based Stall Delay Correction Model for Improving Blade Element Momentum Analysis in Wind Turbine Performance Prediction

Wind turbine blades experience excessive load due to inaccuracies in the prediction of aerodynamic loads by conventional methods during design, leading to structural failure. The blade element momentum (BEM) method is possibly the oldest and best-known design tool for evaluating the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine blades due to its simplicity and short processing time. As the turbine rotates, the aerofoil lift coefficient enhances, notably in the rotor’s inboard section, relative to the value predicted by 2D experimentation or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the identical angle of attack; this is induced by centrifugal pumping action and the Coriolis force, thus delaying the occurrence of stall. This rotational effect is regarded as having a significant influence on the rotor blade’s aerodynamic performance, which the BEM method does not capture, as it depends on 2D aerofoil characteristics. Correction models derived from the traditional hard computing mathematical method are used in the BEM predictions to take into account stall delay. Unfortunately, it has been observed from the earlier literature that these models either utterly fail or inaccurately predict the enhancement in lift coefficient due to stall delay. Consequently, this paper proposes a novel stall delay correction model based on the soft computing technique known as symbolic regression for high-level precise aerodynamic performance prediction by the BEM process. In complement to the correction model for the lift coefficient, a preliminary correction model for the drag coefficient is also suggested. The model is engendered from the disparity in 3D and 2D aerofoil coefficients over the blade length for different wind speeds for the NREL Phase VI turbine. The proposed model’s accuracy is evaluated by validating the 3D aerofoil coefficients computed from the experimental results of a second wind turbine known as the MEXICO rotor.
PENGARUH MEKANISME GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PADA PERUSAHAAN BUMN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mekanisme dari Good Corporate Governance terhadap pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility. Mekanisme GCG diukur dengan Ukuran Dewan Komisaris, Proporsi Dewan Komisaris Independen, Keahlian Komite Audit, Kepemilikan Manajerial, dan Proporsi Saham yang Dimiliki Oleh Pemerintah. Data diperoleh dari laporan tahunan perusahaan BUMN tahun 2016-2020. Total populasi sebanyak 20 perusahaan, dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling diperoleh sebanyaka 95 sampel. Data dianalisis dengan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menjukkan Keahlian Komite Audit, Kepemilikan Manajerial, dan Proporsi Saham yang Dimiliki Oleh Pemerintah berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pengungkapan CSR, sedangkan Ukuran Dewan Komisaris, dan Proporsi Dewan Komisaris Independen tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan CSR.
Multiple magnetization plateaus and magnetic structures in theS=12Heisenberg model on the checkerboard lattice

We study the ground state of $S = 1/2$ Heisenberg model on the checkerboard lattice in a magnetic field by the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method with the sine-square deformation. We obtain magnetization plateaus at $M/M_{\rm sat}=$0, 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, and 3/4 where $M_{\rm sat}$ is the saturated magnetization. The obtained 3/4 plateau state is consistent with the exact result, and the 1/2 plateau is found to have a four-spin resonating loop structure similar to the six-spin loop structure of the 1/3 plateau of the kagome lattice. Different four-spin loop structures are obtained in the 1/4 and 3/8 plateaus but no corresponding states exist in the kagome lattice. The 3/8 plateau has a unique magnetic structure of three types of four-spin local quantum states in a $4\sqrt{2}\times2\sqrt{2}$ magnetic unit cell with a 16-fold degeneracy.
Quantitative model for the generic 3D shape of ICMEs at 1 AU

Interplanetary imagers provide 2D projected views of the densest plasma parts of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) while in situ measurements provide magnetic field and plasma parameter measurements along the spacecraft trajectory, so along a 1D cut. As such, the data only give a partial view of their 3D structures. By studying a large number of ICMEs, crossed at different distances from their apex, we develop statistical methods to obtain a quantitative generic 3D shape of ICMEs. In a first approach we theoretically obtain the expected statistical distribution of the shock-normal orientation from assuming simple models of 3D shock shapes, including distorted profiles, and compare their compatibility with observed distributions. In a second approach we use the shock normal and the flux rope axis orientations, as well as the impact parameter, to provide statistical information across the spacecraft trajectory. The study of different 3D shock models shows that the observations are compatible with a shock symmetric around the Sun-apex line as well as with an asymmetry up to an aspect ratio around 3. Moreover, flat or dipped shock surfaces near their apex can only be rare cases. Next, the sheath thickness and the ICME velocity have no global trend along the ICME front. Finally, regrouping all these new results and the ones of our previous articles, we provide a quantitative ICME generic 3D shape, including the global shape of the shock, the sheath and the flux rope. The obtained quantitative generic ICME shape will have implications for several aims. For example, it constrains the output of typical ICME numerical simulations. It is also a base to develop deeper studies of the transport of high energy solar and cosmic particles during an ICME propagation, as well as for modeling and forecasting space weather conditions near Earth.