Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
State-of-the-art blood conservation strategies following repair of aortic aneurysms and acute aortic dissection

surgery poses a higher risk for bleeding diathesis. Predictors of bleeding include patient factors such as older age, emergency surgery, lower body surface area and the use of perioperative antiplatelet agents. Operative factors include prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, complexity of surgery, reoperative surgery and prolonged hypothermia. Between 2% and 15% of patients require re-exploration for bleeding. Although a surgically correctable source is found in 50% to 67% of cases, bleeding and surgical re-exploration are independent predictors of adverse outcome. The use of allogeneic transfusions is associated with numerous adverse outcomes such as an increase in nosocomial infection and mortality in critically ill patients. Blood conservation strategies and steps to minimize bleeding are the desired clinical goal. Preoperative antiplatelet agents are limited when possible. Transfusion triggers use hemoglobin levels and platelet counts to guide treatment. Advanced measurements (whole body oxygen-carrying capacity, oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction ratios and oxygen delivery) represent accurate methods to estimate the need for transfusion. Intraoperative deployment of minimally invasive techniques and meticulous hemostasis reduce blood loss. Modified strategies for CPB are discussed such as using activated clotting time-guided heparinization, retrograde autologous priming of the CPB circuit, autotransfusion and cell salvage. Postoperative use of autologous transfusion strategies, and pharmacological adjuncts, such as aprotinin, lysine analogues epsilon-aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid, are discussed. Specific correction of coagulation using fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate or factor VIIa may be required. The multimodality approach to blood loss aims to optimize outcomes in highrisk aortic surgical patients.
Enhancing photodynamic therapy of refractory solid cancers

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the activation of a photosensitizer by (laser) light to locally produce highly destructive reactive oxygen species. When employed for cancer treatment, PDT is able to induce tumor cell death, microvascular damage, and an anti-tumor immune response. All these factors contribute to tumor destruction. Although PDT is successfully applied for a variety of tumor types, PDT yields promising yet unsatisfactory results in non-resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma patients. This is partly due to the use of suboptimal photosensitizers and the activation of survival signaling in PDT-subjected but sublethally afflicted tumor cells. Consequently, the aim of this research was to design a novel PDT strategy to treat these patients in a selective and effective manner. The first part of this thesis focuses on the incorporation of a photosensitizer with superior photochemical properties into a multitargeting liposomal delivery system. The second part analyzes the survival response in PDT-treated tumor cells and in the third part of this thesis we pharmacologically intervened in survival programs to improve therapeutic efficacy.
The effect of tumour antigen properties on the efficiency of cross-presentation

I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . III PUBLICATIONS ARISING FROM THIS THESIS . V DECLARATION . VI TABLE OF CONTENTS . VII LIST OF FIGURES . XIII LIST OF ABREVIATIONS . XVI CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW . 1 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 2 1.2 CANCER AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM . 4 1.2. 1 Cancer immunoediting . 5 1.3 COMPONENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE ANTI-TUMOUR CD8 + T CELL RESPONSE . 9 1.3. 1 Antigens and tumour antigens . 11 1.3. 2 Classes of tumour antigens . 12 1.4 TUMOUR ANTIGEN PRESENTATION TO CD8 + T CELLS . 14 1.4. 1 Direct presentation . 14 1.4. 2 Cross-presentation . 15 1.5 HOW DO CD8 + T CELLS RESPOND TO CROSS-PRESENTED ANTIGEN? 19 1.5. 1 CD8 + T cell activation . 19 1.5. 2 CD8 + T cell deactivation . 21 1.6 TUMOUR ANTIGEN CHARACTERISTICS CAN INFLUENCE THE CTL RESPONSE. 22 1.6. 1 Physical form of antigen . 22 1.6. 2 Antigen dose . 23 1.6. 3 Source of antigen . 25 1.6. 4 Nature of the antigen transferred to DC . 27 1.6. 5 Cellular location of antigen. 28
Rain fade slope model for terrestrial microwave links

Abstract The dynamic characteristic of rain fade slope is one important factor in determining the availability of a communication system, and it is very useful in the design of fade countermeasures. In the literature, many models were proposed for rain fade slope for earth-to-satellite links. However, there are no models available for rain fade point to point terrestrial microwave links. This paper proposes a new model for the estimation of rain fade slope statistics for terrestrial microwave links in tropical regions. First, the ITU-R model for rain fade slope for earth-to-satellite link was compared with the corresponding statistics obtained from rain attenuation data measured from three terrestrial links in Malaysia. It is found that the expression of its distribution and its standard deviation should be modified. This leads to the derivation of the proposed rain fade slope model based on the statistics of one link. Then, it is tested using the remaining data and its results were very close to the measured statistics for all attenuation levels higher than 1 dB. Moreover, the model was validated using the chi-square goodness-of-fit test.
Educating Physical Therapists in Women's Health: Recommendations for Professional (Entry-Level) and Postprofessional Curricula

Background and Purpose.Managing conditions unique to and more prevalent in women is an emerging trend in health care. The key purposes of this study were to determine (1) practice patterns and emphasis of women's health physical therapists, (2) how and to what extent physical therapists were educated about women's health, (3) curricular content deemed important in preparing practicing and professional (entry-level) physical therapists, and (4) by what means therapists may be interested in furthering their knowledge of women's health. Subjects and Methods.Subjects were a random sample (N = 1,021) of members of the Section on Women's Health of the American Physical Therapy Association who completed a survey on their practice emphasis, educational preparation in women's health, and opinions regarding content that should be taught at the professional and postprofessional levels in physical therapist education programs. Results.Thirty-seven percent of the subjects (n = 347), representing 48 states, responded. A majority of respondents (n = 204) reported that up to 25% of their practice involved treating specific women's health issues and most had received minimal academic education specific to women's health. Examples of curricular content recommended for entry into the profession included osteoporosis, musculoskeletal conditions, obstetrics, and urogenital concerns, while pathology, pelvic floor assessment/treatment, endocrinology, and gynecology were recommended for the postprofessional level. Of the 347 who responded, practitioners' preference for post-professional education was via continuing education (n = 229) or certificate programs (n = 227). Discussion and Conclusion.As physical therapist education program curricula evolve in response to degree advances and changes in health care policy, educators can use this information to strengthen both professional and postprofessional curricula in women's health.
Role of Inflammation on the Control of the Arterial Hypertension among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that hypertension is a pro-inflammatory disease and that the immune system plays a vital role in mediating hypertensive outcomes, end organ damages . and modulation of hypertensive pathology [2]. Patient with MetS usually present increased levels of C-reaktive protein (CRP) wich is a prototypic marker of inflammation [5], however the data of the influence of incresed levels of CRP on the control of the aterial hypertension in patients with MetS, are scarce. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the incresed CRP levels influence on the control of the aterial hypertension in patients with MetS. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter observational cross-sectional study. The study population recruited from a coule of outpatient clinic between june 2018 and june 2019. The population study consisted of 420 patients with MetS aged ≥ 18 years, divided in two groups:211 with level of CRP>3mg/l , and 209 participans with CRP level <3mg/l. RESULTS: Among those with CRP level > 3mg/l(N=211) controlled BP according to evidence and current guidelines, was achieved in 23.6% of participans, whereas among those with CRP level <3mg/l(N=209) controlled BP was achived in 48.3%; p=0.000). There was independent association of CRP levels >3mg/l with uncontrolled BP (OR=3.1, 95%CI 2.06 - 4.75). There were signifiacant association of uncontrolled BP with: uncontrolled glycemia (OR =1.4,95%CI 0.97-1.84); increased BMI (OR=4.4; 95%CI 3.02-4.05) and five risk factors for MetS. (OR=2.3, 95%CI 1.93-2.81). CONCLUSIONS: We think,we brought some good evidence,in our present study ,that patients with MetS and higher CRP level have a higher prevalence of unconrolled BP.
Low-Fee Private Schools: Case Studies from Ghana

Low-Fee Private Schools (LFPSs) have been controversial globally. This paper examines Christian Low-Fee Private Schools in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. This qualitative study uses four schools as cases. Specifically, the researchers examine how these schools come into existence, who they serve and why parents choose to send their children to these schools. Findings reveal that the school proprietors do not operate schools to make profits and that parents choose Christian LFPSs for spiritual, financial, quality, and proximity reasons. The study demonstrates that these Christian LFPSs provide families with an alternative choice that fits their beliefs, values and perceptions.
The Effects of Seasonal Factors on Life and Reliability of High Voltage AC Cables Subjected to Load Cycles

In previous articles by this author, a procedure was set up and validated for life and reliability evaluation of HV cables subjected to the time-varying electro-thermal stress associated with the typical daily cycles of conductor current. In this paper, the procedure is improved to account for the effects of seasonal factors, by taking for every season different daily cycles of cable current, as well as different values of thermal resistivity and temperature of the soil. The procedure is applied to a case-study HVAC XLPE-insulated cable. The results show that the fraction of life and reliability lost by cable insulation is strongly dependent on seasonal factors, in particular on soil resistivity and temperature, and the vast majority of cable life and reliability is lost within the hot (summer) season.
Association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and lung cancer: a meta-analysis

Background The aim of this study is to explore the correlation between Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) infection and lung carcinoma. Methods Databases of PubMed, Embase, Embase, Ovid, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database were investigated for eligible literatures from their establishments to February, 2019. Included studies were selected according to specific eligibility criteria. Statistical analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software. Results Thirteen studies with 2,553 lung carcinoma cases and 2,460 controls were eligible for meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that the C. pneumoniae infection IgA significantly increased the risk of lung carcinoma (OR =3.19; 95% CI, 1.96–5.19; P<0.00001) by random effect model. And for serum IgG, the pooled OR was 2.02 (95% CI, 1.29–3.16; P<0.00001) by using the random effects model. The results indicated that the IgA positive rate was significantly higher in lung cancer patients than healthy controls. Conclusions This meta-analysis revealed that C. pneumoniae infection may be a potential risk factor for lung carcinoma. However, due to its significant heterogeneity in the included studies, the consequence should be understood with caution.
Cause and Possible Solution to the Problem of Absenteeism on Students’ Academic Achievement: Implication for Secondary Schools Addis Ababa., Ethiopia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of absenteeism and suggest a possible solution to the problem of absenteeism on students academic and school performance in selected secondary school in Addis Ababa. The relevant literature was reviewed to secure the methodology and the findings. The study adopted descriptive survey design and a mixed method approach. Combinations of purposive and simple random sampling technique were applied to accommodate the variety of respondents from five different secondary schools of Addis Abba. The study used questionnaires and interview schedules to collect primary data from 100 teachers, 250 students and five secondary school principals. The study was carried out in between February up to June, 2018. The findings shows that as the causes of absenteeism the lecture are not connected to my life, low parent education and negative attitude towards teachers are found to be the most rampant causes of absenteeism. This in turn leads to poor academic performance, students drop out, graduating half-baked students, poor curriculum coverage and loss of interest in learning and it affects the school image. The study also provides an effective solution to improve students’ attendance. These strategies' include; promoting possible measure to students’ absenteeism, parental involvement and participation, developing students’ guidance and counseling program, encourage good communication among the school community, reward students with regular attendance. In conclusion, to curb the problem of student absenteeism principal,, teachers, students and families need to have a shared understanding of their children’s education and work as cohorts to meet their anticipated goals.
Unpacking non-institutional engagement: Collective, communicative and individualised activism

This paper disaggregates non-institutional political engagement into three distinct repertoires of activism: collective, communicative and individualised forms. I evaluate the claim that non-institutional activism is more inclusive than traditional forms of political engagement by measuring the relative effects of typical predictors of participation, including resources, values and contextual measures, on different repertoires of non-institutional engagement. The findings suggest that individualised engagement is more accessible to women but stratified by resources and national wealth. Collective engagement is more accessible to people from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds but is stratified by gender, with women less likely to engage.
Knowledge of Saudi parents toward the emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth: A cross-sectional survey

Introduction: Traumatic dentoalveolar injuries are frequent in children, affecting teeth, their supporting structures, and adjacent soft tissues. Parents are among the first people to deal with tooth avulsion among children at home or at play. This study, therefore, aimed to examine parental knowledge and attitudes about avulsed permanent teeth and their emergency treatment in children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 274 parents of children receiving care at KKU College of Dentistry, Abha. Informed consent was obtained after explaining the nature of the study and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were entered in MS Excel Sheet, and descriptive statistics were obtained. Results: Sixty-one percent of the parents reported dental trauma at home or school. 67.2% were not aware of the steps to be taken in tooth avulsion. The percentage for the source of information for avulsed tooth was a dentist (38.8%) and the internet (34.5%). 73.8% were unaware of the fact that permanent avulsed tooth can be replanted. 56.3% parents said that they would discard the knocked out tooth. Regarding knowledge about traumatic dental injuries 43.9% said it is imperative to know about it. Conclusion: This survey reflected the lack of awareness and adequate knowledge regarding the avulsed tooth. There is an imperative need for educating the parents regarding management of avulsed tooth permanent tooth.
Impact of congenital heart disease on siblings: A review

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect. Little is known of the impact of having a sibling with CHD. Available literature documents negative impact of having a sibling with other chronic conditions. This literature review considers empirical evidence investigating the impact of having a sibling with CHD. Twelve databases were searched, and 202 articles retrieved. Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria and were subject to data extraction, quality appraisal, and narrative synthesis. Three themes emerged: changes in normal life, impact on siblings, and factors affecting the extent of impact on siblings. Only one intervention study was identified, 5 of 10 studies were conducted over 20 years ago, and only 4 studies included children as participants. Evidence suggests siblings of children with CHD experience adverse life changes which lead to negative impacts in several domains. Evidence is inconclusive regarding mitigating factors of these impacts. Further research is needed to understand the experiences of being a sibling of a child with CHD.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPABERBASIS ANDROID MATERI GAYA DAN GERAK KELAS IV SDN KEMBANGARUM 02 SEMARANG

Pelaksanaan pembelajaran di kelas IV SD N Kembangarum 02 Semarang masih memiiki kekurangan yaitu belum menggunakan bahan ajar mengakibatkan guru kesulitan dalam menerangkan pelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar, mengkaji kelayak, dan mengkaji keefektifan bahan ajar IPA berbasis Android materi gaya dan gerak kelas IV SD N Kembangarum 02 Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini Research and Development (R&D) Sugiyono yang terdiri dari tahap potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan data, desain produk, validasi desain, revisi desain, uji coba produk. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Kembangarum 02 Semarang sebanyak 36 siswa dimana 9 siswa untuk uji coba skala kecil dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling dan 27 siswa untuk uji coba skala bersar. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, angket, dan tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan kelayakan produk, analisis data awal dan akhir (uji t dan uji N-gain). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar IPA yang dikembangkan memuat materi dan kegiatan yang menanamkan pemahaman konsep pada materi gaya dan gerak. Bahan ajar IPA layak digunakan terbukti dari penilaian ahli materi, ahli media, dan praktisi didapatkan presentase 80%, 83%, dan 94%. Bahan ajar IPA berbasis Android efektif digunakan sesuai dengan hasil uji t menunjukkan t hitung > t tabel (6.9120 >2,056), maka Ho ditolak dan uji gain pretest dan posttest diperoleh sebesar 0,30631 dengan kriteria sedang mendukung keefektifan bahan ajar. Hasil presentase angket tanggapan guru dan siswa menunjukkan kategori sangat positif membuat bahan ajar efektif dalam penggunanya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahan ajar IPA berbasis Android materi gaya dan gerak kelas IV SDN Kembangarum 02 Semarang yang dikembangkan memuat penanaman nilai Android, bahan ajar sangat layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran IPA dan efektif meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
The draft genome of the endangered, relictual plant Kingdonia uniflora (Circaeasteraceae, Ranunculales) reveals potential mechanisms and perils of evolutionary specialization

Kingdonia uniflora, an alpine herb, has an extremely narrow distribution and represents a model for studying evolutionary mechanisms of species that have adapted to undisturbed environments for evolutionary long periods of time. We assembled a 1,004.7-Mb draft genome (encoding 43,301 genes) and investigated the evolutionary history of K. uniflora, along with mechanisms related to its endangered status. Phylogenomic analyses based on 497 single copy genes confirmed the sister relationship between K. uniflora and Circaeaster agrestis, which were estimated to have diverged around 52 Mya. Proliferation of LTR retrotransposons in K. uniflora is estimated to occur around 2.7 Mya, coinciding with one recent uplift of the Hengduan Mountains between the late Miocene and late Pliocene. Across 12 species of monocots, early-diverging eudicots and core eudicots, K. uniflora showed significant overrepresentation in gene families associated with DNA repair and underrepresentation in gene families associated with stress response. Most of the plastid ndh genes were found to be lost not only in the plastome but also in the nuclear genome of K. uniflora. During the evolutionary process, the overrepresentation of gene families involved in DNA repair could help asexual K. uniflora reduce the accumulation of deleterious mutations, while at the same time, reducing genetic diversity which is important in responding to environment fluctuations. The underrepresentation of gene families related to stress response and functional loss of ndh genes could be due to lack or loss of ability to respond to environmental changes caused by long-term adaptation to a relatively stable ecological environment.
Distribution of Adhesion and Toxin Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered From Hospitalized Patients Admitted to the ICU

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are a common cause of emerging nosocomial infections and are a major public health concern. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA, its antibiotic resistance pattern, and the virulence gene profiles in hospitalized patients admitted to ICUs. Methods: During a 6-month period, a total of 70 S. aureus isolates were collected from 249 patients admitted to the ICU in five hospitals. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing of the S. aureus isolates was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with 16 antibiotic disks. Molecular detection of toxin and adhesion genes was carried out using PCR. Results: All the 70 S. aureus isolates were confirmed to be MRSA strains. The largest number of S. aureus isolates was found in the blood (42.9%) and wound (21.4%) samples. The MDR pattern was detected in 71.4% of the isolates, which were obtained from wound and blood samples. Simultaneous resistance to seven, six, five, four and three drugs was common in 35 (50%), 7 (10%), 8 (11.4%), 11 (15.7%), 2 (2.9%) and 5 (7.1%) isolates, respectively. The frequency of the spa, fnbB, fnbA, clfB, clfA, can, bbp, ebp, etb, eta, pvl, and tst genes was 100%, 75.7%, 74.3%, 78.6%, 71.4%24.3%, 0%, 58.6%, 2.9%, 7.1%, 21.4%, and 51.4%, respectively. In addition, among all the examined genes, the clfB (78.6%) and etb (2.9%) genes had the highest and lowest prevalence respectively. Conclusions: In the present study, we found a high prevalence of MRSA at the hospitals studied. The findings emphasized the increased prevalence of MRSA isolates containing different toxin and adhesion genes, probably accompanied by antimicrobial resistance. Infection with such isolates worsens the clinical outcomes as well as the morbidity and mortality rates in hospitalized patients in ICUs.
Modeling of stage of construction and operation of unique large-span structures

The results of the study of long-span unique buildings and structures using spatial structures performed on full-scale models of structures subjected to prolonged static and dynamic effects are presented. According to the results of theoretical and experimental studies, the behavior of spatial systems of various geometric shapes under dynamic impacts of high intensity is revealed. The purpose of the maximum load level for seismic impacts of various intensities, the maintenance of spatial stiffeners, the inclusion of which contributes to the way out of the resonant state of the spatial system, is proposed.