Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of laser-induced surface phase explosion in silicon

Time-resolved ultrasonic studies revealed a second, delayed ablative pressure pulse after the first primary plasma pressure pulse in a silicon wafer irradiated by a UV nanosecond laser. The intensity-dependent delay time for the second pulse indicates the existence of a corresponding intensity-dependent homogeneous vapor bubble nucleation time in the superheated molten silicon prior to its phase explosion and ablative removal, since the integral pressure correlates with the ablation rate. A transient hot ablative plasma with calculated peak temperature ∼30–90 eV and pressure ∼20–110 GPa is suggested to superheat the bulk silicon via short-wavelength recombination and Bremsstrahlung emission.
Dissipative formation of an elliptical galaxy

Dissipative collapse and star formation within a protogalaxy are modeled using a simple scheme of gas cloud collisions within an N-body code. The gas physics model incorporates pressure, dissipation, and star formation, with the associated ejection of metal-enriched gas back into the cloud medium. The gas and stars collapse under their self-gravity alone; adding a static potential corresponding to a massive dark halo suppresses both velocity anisotropies and mass loss in low-mass ellipticals. A set of models in general accord with the kinematic and chemical properties of individual ellipticals is found. These models are slowly rotating and flattened by anisotropic velocity dispersions, with the radial profiles of surface density having a logarithmic gradient near -2. The chemical enrichment of the gas is calculated with a local instantaneous recycling approximation. The logarithmic abundance gradient within a massive model galaxy is -0.5, and it flattens toward zero with increasing mass loss in lower mass galaxies. The projected contours of constant metallicity are usually only slightly more flattened than the constant surface density contours. The dependence of the results on the assumed description of the gas physics is fairly small for high-mass galaxies, where the gas processes are overwhelmed by the gravitational collapse.more » However, lower mass model galaxies have significant pressure support during collapse which makes the results more dependent on the gas physics description. « less
On the determination of the sound speed and a damping coefficient by two measurements

We discuss an inverse problem of finding the sound speed c(x) and a damping coefficient σ( x ) in a second-order hyperbolic equation from two boundary observations. The coefficients are assumed to be unknown inside a ball in with n ≥ 2. On a suitable bounded part of the cylindrical surface, Cauchy data for solutions to a hyperbolic equation with zero initial data and a source located on the plane , are supposed to be given for two different unit vectors , k = 1, 2. We obtain a conditional stability estimate under a priori assumptions on the smallness of c(x) − 1 and σ(x).
The Level of Selected Blood Parameters in Young Soccer Players in Relation to the Concentration of 25(OH)D at the Beginning and End of Autumn

Simple Summary This study aimed to demonstrate the changes of selected blood parameters in relation to 25(OH)D concentration during autumn period in 35 young soccer players. The results presented in the current research showed that the level of 25(OH)D concentration significantly decreased after the autumn season in young soccer players. The declining level of 25(OH)D concentration should be compensated (e.g., with vitamin D supplementation) during autumn. Applied training loads could also influence the blood parameters variability in young soccer players. Abstract This study aimed to demonstrate the changes of selected blood parameters in relation to 25(OH)D concentration during the autumn period in young soccer players. A total of 35 participants’ results (age: 17.5 ± 0.6 years, body mass 71.3 ± 6.9 kg) were tested twice: in mid-September and in mid-December and divided into subgroups with regard to two criteria. First, according to the initial level of the 25(OH)D concentration (optimal group—ODG, suboptimal group—SDG), second, according to drops in 25(OH)D concentration (high drop group—HDG, low drop group—LDG). A significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the 25(OH)D concentration was reported in the total group (TGr) and in all subgroups. Blood parameters such as white blood cells, red blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit increased significantly (p < 0.05) in TGr during the analysed period of time. The analysis of changes in the lipid profile did not expose significant differences except triglycerides. The asparagine amino transferase and creatine kinase activity decreased significantly after autumn in all analysed groups. The declining level of 25(OH)D concentration should be compensated (e.g., with vitamin D supplementation) during autumn. Applied training loads could also influence the blood parameters variability in young soccer players. Regular measurements of 25(OH)D concentration are helpful in identifying potential drops and allows for the preparation of individual supplementation plans for the players.
Effect of knowledge and counseling on adherence to iron supplementation in pregnant women: A systematic literature review

Adherence is a determining factor for the success of iron supplementation programs in pregnant women. There are several factors that influence adherence, the most significant of which are knowledge of pregnant women and counseling by health workers. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify the effect of knowledge and counseling on pregnant women's adherence to taking iron supplementation. Literature searches were conducted through four main electronic databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for review. The PRISMA approach is used in critically evaluating articles. Literature quality assessment was carried out using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies from the EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project). Findings are collected and summarized systematically. The results are categorized into two major themes. Consistent with previous research, this review explains that knowledge and counseling have a significant effect on adherence. Good knowledge increases adherence by two to five times, and counseling by health professionals increases adherence by two to four times.
Targeting Interleukin-6/Glycoprotein-130 Signaling by Raloxifene or SC144 Enhances Paclitaxel Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer

Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is presently the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death. Treatment options and prognosis are poor. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Molecular targeting of the interleukin-6/glycoprotein-130/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling cascade is a promising approach in pancreatic cancer therapy. The present study investigates the combined effect of the first-line chemotherapeutic paclitaxel with the small-molecule gp130 inhibitor SC144 and the non-steroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene that both interfere with interleukin-6/glycoprotein-130 signaling. Experiments performed on a mouse model of pancreatic cancer and cell lines proved both molecules to enhance low-dose paclitaxel effects by increasing apoptosis in tumor cells or reducing interleukin-6 levels, respectively. These findings might be promising to improve treatment efforts in pancreatic cancer, while the paclitaxel side-effect profile could be improved by lowering paclitaxel doses. Abstract Interleukine-6 plays a key role in the progression and poor survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The present study aimed to clarify if targeting the interleukin-6/glycoprotein-130 signaling cascade using the small-molecule gp130 inhibitor SC144 or raloxifene, a non-steroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator, enhances paclitaxel efficacy. MTT/BrdU assays or TUNEL staining were performed to investigate cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis induction in L3.6pl and AsPC-1 human pancreatic cell lines. In vivo, effects were studied in an orthotopic PDAC mouse model. Tumor specimens were analyzed by qPCR, immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Combination of paclitaxel/raloxifene, but not paclitaxel/SC144, enhanced proliferation and viability inhibition and increased apoptosis compared to single treatment in vitro. Synergy score calculations confirmed an additive influence of raloxifene on paclitaxel. In the PDAC mouse model, both combinations of raloxifene/paclitaxel and SC144/paclitaxel reduced tumor weight and volume compared to single-agent therapy or control. Raloxifene/paclitaxel treatment decreased survivin mRNA expression and showed tendencies of increased caspase-3 staining in primary tumors. SC144/paclitaxel reduced interleukin-6 levels in mice’s tumors and plasma. In conclusion, raloxifene or SC144 can enhance the anti-tumorigenic effects of paclitaxel, suggesting that paclitaxel doses might also be reduced in combined chemotherapy to lessen paclitaxel side effects.
The Effectiveness of Providing Structured Education on Self-awareness as an Effort to SUKA-SUKA COVID-19 (One Family One COVID-19 Cadre)

The increase in the incidence of coronavirus infection, the number of news that is not yet clear the truth and even the emergence of a new type of variant of the corona virus adds to the difficulty of the public to receive well information that can increase awareness of themselves and families. The method chosen to provide such education is with structured education. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of providing structured education towards self-awareness. This is quasi experiment with pretest-posttest design with control group design. 140 respondents participated in the study taken with Purposive Sampling technique. Data collection uses valid and reliable self-awareness questionnaires. The results of this study showed the average value of self-awareness in the treatment group statistically decreased with p-value. 000 (p<0.05), while in the control group there was no difference in p-value. 086. Different tests of two groups obtained a p-value of 0.000, from these results there was a difference in self-awareness between the treatment and control groups. The provision of structured education to prospective COVID-19 cadres in the family is statistically proven to increase self-awareness, so that the ability of the community in understanding the COVID-19.
Non-relativistic Coulomb problem in a one-dimensional quantum mechanics

It is shown that, unlike the model based only on the potential singularity U(x)=- mod x mod -1, the group of hidden symmetry explains not only the double degeneration of the energy spectrum but also the explicit form of the spectrum, wavefunctions and an extra constant of motion analogous to the Runge-Lenz vector.
Counter-Hegemonic narratives of white weddings: Brides responses to wedding disruptions during the covid-19 pandemic

Dominant cultural discourses dictate what the ideal wedding should look like, and these discourses often center around the white wedding. White weddings typically include a bride in a white dress, a large reception, and a honeymoon. Given that western culture privileges the white wedding, weddings that deviate from this norm are sometimes delegitimatized. We used Relational Dialectics Theory 2.0 to examine dominant discourses of weddings during Covid-19. Covid-19 necessitated that many couples alter their wedding plans and prompted them to explicitly consider the taken-for-granted assumptions of the white wedding. We conducted a contrapuntal analysis of 87 recently married women’s open-ended survey responses about how Covid-19 changed their wedding plans and what the women liked and disliked about these changes. These disruptions in wedding plans afford the opportunity to explore dominant white wedding discourses among brides. The following discourses emerged from our analysis: the centripetal discourse of the white wedding, the centrifugal discourse of the focus on relationships, the centripetal discourses of the perfect day, and the centrifugal discourses of the perfect day.
Spatial Pattern and Zonal Shift of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Part II: Numerical Experiments

Abstract In this part, the spatial evolution of an initial dipole anomaly in a prescribed jet is at first investigated by numerically solving linear and nonlinear models without forcing in order to examine how the spatial pattern of a dipole anomaly depends on the meridional distribution of a specified jet. It is shown that in a linear experiment an initial symmetric dipole anomaly in the meridional direction can evolve into a northeast–southwest (NE–SW) or northwest–southeast (NW–SE) tilted dipole structure if the core of this jet is in higher latitudes (the north) or in lower latitudes (the south). This is in agreement with the result predicted by the linear Rossby wave theory in slowly varying media. The conclusion also holds for the nonlinear and unforced experiment. North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) events are then reproduced in a fully nonlinear barotropic model with a wavemaker that mimics the Atlantic storm-track eddy activity. In the absence of topography the spatial tilting of the eddy-driven NAO.
Enantiodiscriminating Lipophilic Liquid Membrane-Based Assay for High-Throughput Nanomolar Enantioenrichment of Chiral Building Blocks

The reported optical resolution method was designed to support high-throughput enantioseparation of molecular building blocks obtained by automated small-scale synthetic methods. Lipophilic esters of common resolving agents were prepared and used as liquid membranes on the indifferent polymer surface of a microtiter assay. Chiral model compounds were enriched in one of the enantiomers starting from the aqueous solutions of their racemic mixture. Enantiodiscrimination was provided by forming diastereomeric coordination complexes of lipophilic enantiopure esters with the enantiomers of the chiral building blocks inside the liquid membranes. This enantiomeric recognition resulted in a greater distribution ratio of the preferred isomer in the membrane phase, thus the process enables a simultaneous enantioenrichment of the solutions outside the membrane. This paper reports a novel microplate-integrated stereoselective membrane enrichment technique satisfying the need for automatable enantioseparation on a subpreparative scale.
Bulk Transfer Coefficients Estimated From Eddy‐Covariance Measurements Over Lakes and Reservoirs

The drag coefficient, Stanton number and Dalton number are of particular importance for estimating the surface turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat and water vapor using bulk parameterization. Although these bulk transfer coefficients have been extensively studied over the past several decades in marine and large‐lake environments, there are no studies analyzing their variability for smaller lakes. Here, we evaluated these coefficients through directly measured surface fluxes using the eddy‐covariance technique over more than 30 lakes and reservoirs of different sizes and depths. Our analysis showed that the transfer coefficients (adjusted to neutral atmospheric stability) were generally within the range reported in previous studies for large lakes and oceans. All transfer coefficients exhibit a substantial increase at low wind speeds (<3 m s−1), which was found to be associated with the presence of gusts and capillary waves (except Dalton number). Stanton number was found to be on average a factor of 1.3 higher than Dalton number, likely affecting the Bowen ratio method. At high wind speeds, the transfer coefficients remained relatively constant at values of 1.6·10−3, 1.4·10−3, 1.0·10−3, respectively. We found that the variability of the transfer coefficients among the lakes could be associated with lake surface area. In flux parameterizations at lake surfaces, it is recommended to consider variations in the drag coefficient and Stanton number due to wind gustiness and capillary wave roughness while Dalton number could be considered as constant at all wind speeds.
Strong pyroelectric response in semiconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O and its application to uncooled infrared detection

A pyroelectric infrared detector operating at room temperature and based on semiconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O was fabricated. The capacitor structure consisting of semiconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O layer sandwiched between two Nb electrodes was fabricated on top of a thermally isolated SiO2 bridge. The polycrystalline Y-Ba-Cu-O layer was deposited by ambient-temperature sputtering while standard Si micromachining techniques were used to etch the silicon under the oxide bridge. The pyroelectric response of the material is characterized by the temperature coefficient of polarization (p=dP/dT) which was measured to be as high as 65 nC/K cm2 without an externally applied electric field. The pyroelectric figure of merit Fd for the material was estimated to be 0.032 (cm3/J)1/2. Employing a radiometric infrared source, the room-temperature voltage responsivity RV and specific detectivity D* of the unbiased detector were measured to be over 103 V/W and 108 cm Hz1/2/W, respectively. This letter discusses the characteristics of this.
Predictability and Error Growth Dynamics in Cloud-Resolving Models

Abstract While the benefits of ensemble techniques over deterministic numerical weather predictions (NWP) are now widely recognized, the prospects of ensemble prediction systems (EPS) at high computational resolution are still largely unclear. Difficulties arise due to the poor knowledge of the mechanisms promoting rapid perturbation growth and propagation, as well as the role of nonlinearities. In this study, the dynamics associated with the growth and propagation of initial uncertainties is investigated by means of real-case high-resolution (cloud resolving) NWP integrations. The considered case is taken from the Mesoscale Alpine Programme intensive observing period 3 (MAP IOP3) and involves convection of intermediate intensity. To assess the underlying mechanisms and the degree of linearity upon the predictability of the flow, vastly different initial perturbation methodologies are compared, while all simulations use identical lateral boundary conditions to mimic a perfectly predictable synoptic-scale .
Femtosecond Laser Cutting of 110–550 µm Thickness Borosilicate Glass in Ambient Air and Water

The cutting quality and strength of strips cut with femtosecond-duration pulses were investigated for different thicknesses of borosilicate glass plates. The laser pulse duration was 350 fs, and cutting was performed in two environments: ambient air and water. When cutting in water, a thin flowing layer of water was formed at the front surface of the glass plate by spraying water mist next to a laser ablation zone. The energy of pulses greatly exceeded the critical self-focusing threshold in water, creating conditions favorable for laser beam filament formation. Laser cutting parameters were individually optimized for different glass thicknesses (110–550 µm). The results revealed that laser cutting of borosilicate glass in water is favorable for thicker glass (300–550 µm) thanks to higher cutting quality, higher effective cutting speed, and characteristic strength. On the other hand, cutting ultrathin glass plates (110 µm thickness) demonstrated almost identical performance and cutting quality results in both environments. In this paper, we studied cut-edge defect widths, cut-sidewall roughness, cutting throughput, characteristic strength, and band-like damage formed at the back surface of laser-cut glass strips.
An Introduction to Harmonic Analysis: Interpolation of Linear Operators

1. Fourier series on T 2. The convergence of Fourier series 3. The conjugate function 4. Interpolation of linear operators 5. Lacunary series and quasi-analytic classes 6. Fourier transforms on the line 7. Fourier analysis on locally compact Abelian groups 8. Commutative Banach algebras A. Vector-valued functions B. Probabilistic methods.
Using Agent Features to Influence User Trust, Decision Making and Task Outcome during Human-Agent Collaboration

Abstract Optimal performance of collaborative tasks requires consideration of the interactions between intelligent agents and their human counterparts. The functionality and success of these agents lie in their ability to maintain user trust; with too much or too little trust leading to over-reliance and under-utilisation, respectively. This problem highlights the need for an appropriate trust calibration methodology with an ability to vary user trust and decision making in-task. An online experiment was run to investigate whether stimulus difficulty and the implementation of agent features by a collaborative recommender system interact to influence user perception, trust and decision making. Agent features are changes to the Human-Agent interface and interaction style, and include presentation of a disclaimer message, a request for more information from the user and no additional feature. Signal detection theory is utilised to interpret decision making, with this applied to assess decision making on the task, as well as with the collaborative agent. The results demonstrate that decision change occurs more for hard stimuli, with participants choosing to change their initial decision across all features to follow the agent recommendation. Furthermore, agent features can be utilised to mediate user decision making and trust in-task, though the direction and extent of this influence is dependent on the implemented feature and difficulty of the task. The results emphasise the complexity of user trust in Human-Agent collaboration, highlighting the importance of considering task context in the wider perspective of trust calibration.
HAFFNER 20 AND 21, TWO MODERATELY OLD OPEN CLUSTERS IN PUPPIS

Photographic UBV photometry is presented for 33 and 51 stars in the regions of Haffner 20 ( = b = -1? 0) and Haffner 21 (#= , b = + ), respectively. Both are moderately old (earliest spectral type b9), small (diameter 2 '2) open clusters in Puppis. 20 lies at a distance of 2.4 1 0.3 kpc, and Haffner 21 at 3.3 1 0.4 kpc. The low reddening of Haffner 21 ( = 0.20) and the higher reddening of Haffuer 20 ( = 0.55) reflects the tendency of interstellar dust to lie below the galactic plane in Puppis. Key words: open clusters - photographic UBV photometry - interstellar reddening
Diffusion in multicomponent metallic systems. VI. Some thermodynamic properties of the D matrix and the corresponding solutions of the diffusion equations

The second law requirement that the Onsager L matrix for isothermal diffusion in a stable solution be positive definite and the stability condition for such a solution that the Hessian of the Gibb's free energy be positive definite impose on the diffusion D matrix the condition that it always have real and positive eigenvalues. This condition ensures that solutions of the differential equations for diffusion will always relax in a nonperiodic way.