Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of rhizosphere inundation on the growth and physiology of wet and dry-site Acer rubrum (red maple) populations

-Six-wk-old Acer rubrum L. (red maple) seedlings, grown from fruits collected on paired wet and dry sites on the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Ridge and Valley physiographic regions of Virginia, were flooded to determine whether there are ecotypic differences in growth and physiology between seedlings from wet and dry sites. Periodic harvests were conducted over 3 mo to measure growth of flooded and unflooded seedlings derived from three trees per site. Shoot water potential and gas exchange were measured for 2 wk to determine if the physiology of seedlings from wet and dry sites were affected differently by flooding. Flooding adversely affected seedling growth and physiology resulting in shorter (18%) and lighter (30% less leaf mass, 14% less stem mass and 68% less root mass) seedlings that had higher water potentials (20%) and reduced photosynthetic rates (50%). Significant differences developed between seedlings from wet and dry sites with the wet site seedlings having lower water potentials and taller, heavier shoots. However, no significant interactions between flooding and maternal hydrologic conditions were found that would indicate genetic differences in flood response between wet and dry site seedlings. This lack of a differential growth or physiological response to waterlogging by the distinct populations strongly suggests that young Acer rubrum seedlings do not exhibit ecotypic differences in flood tolerance.
Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering from Polystyrene Polymacromonomers in Cyclohexane

Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements have been made on seven polymacromonomer samples consisting of polystyrene with a fixed side chain length of 15 styrene residues in cyclohexane at 34.5 °C to obtain the z-average mean-square radius of gyration ‹S2›z and the particle scattering function P(θ). The dependence of ‹S2›z on the weight-average molecular weight Mw, which ranges from 5.1×103 to 1.8×105, is described by the wormlike chain with the model parameters explaining previous light scattering ‹S2›z data for high molecular weights (6×105–7×106), when the effect of the chain diameter d and that of side chains near the main-chain ends on the polymacromonomer contour length L are incorporated into analysis. Scattering profiles in the form of the Kratky plot are also explained by the recent theory for the wormlike chain with a circular cross section unless the axial ratio L/d is less than 2, i.e., unless Mw is lower than 2.6×104. The conventional cross-section plot, i.e., the plot of ln[kP(θ)] vs.k2 with slope −d2/16, is found to be applicable to samples with L/d>2, where k denotes the magnitude of the scattering vector. It is concluded from further analysis of the ‹S2›z data combined with previous transport coefficient data that the wormlike cylinder model, a smeared model for regular comb polymers, consistently explains the molecular weight dependence of ‹S2›z, intrinsic viscosity, and translational diffusion coefficient for the polystyrene polymacromonomer in cyclohexane over a broad range of molecular weight. The applicability of a semiflexible comb model consisting of wormlike main and side chains to ‹S2›z and P(θ) is also examined.
Adaptation to Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

The prevalence of chronic renal failure in Indonesia tends to increase in the lower age group (45–54 years). Chronic renal failure may lead to impaired sexual function. A descriptive phenomenology study with in-depth interviews was carried out with 12 participants, and thematic content analysis was applied. Six themes were revealed, as follows: 1) adaptation process to sexual dysfunction experienced, 2) sexual dysfunction experience, 3) importance of fulfilling sexuality needs, 4) behavior in dealing with sexual dysfunction, 5) perception of the cause of sexual dysfunction, and 6) participants’ expectation of health service related to sexual function. The experience of adapting to sexual dysfunction became a meaningful process through partner involvement. Similar research involving more heterogeneous samples would benefit further discourse. Abstrak Adaptasi Terhadap Disfungsi Seksual Pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronis. Prevalensi gagal ginjal kronis di Indonesia cenderung meningkat pada kelompok usia lebih muda (45-54 tahun). Gagal ginjal kronis sering menyebabkan gangguan fungsi seksualitas (disfungsi seksual). Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran mendalam tentang pengalaman proses adaptasi pasien gagal ginjal kronis yang mengalami disfungsi seksual. Desain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif fenomenologi dengan wawancara mendalam. Dua belas partisipan diperoleh dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini teridentifikasi enam tema yaitu 1) proses adaptasi terhadap disfungsi seksual yang dialami partisipan, 2) disfungsi seksual yang dialami, 3) makna pentingnya pemenuhan kebutuhan seksualitas, 4) perilaku dalam menghadapi disfungsi seksual, 5) persepsi tentang penyebab disfungsi seksual, dan 6) harapan partisipan terhadap pelayanan kesehatan terkait fungsi seksualitas. Proses adaptasi yang dialami partisipan merupakan pengalaman yang sangat bermakna karena melibatkan dirinya sendiri dan hubungan interpersonal dengan pasangannya. Penelitian sejenis dengan sampel lebih heterogen diperlukan untuk memperkaya keilmuan. Kata Kunci : disfungsi seksual, gagal ginjal kronis, pengalaman proses adaptasi pasien
Intracellular Localization and Transcriptional Activation by the Human Glucocorticoid Receptor-Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Fusion Proteins

The initial event during cellular response to glucocorticoid hormone is rapid nuclear transfer of the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In order to monitor this process in a single living cell, we employed green fluorescent protein (GFP) -tagged GR to visuallize intracelluar localization and trafficking of the receptor protein in response to ligand. Making a series of deletion GR mutants labeled with the improved GFP mutant, we mapped the intracellular localization signals on the GR protein. In addition, we provide evidence that screening of GR ligands is possible within a single cell.
Optimization cultivation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in a tubular photobioreactor (2000 Liter) for biomass and green bioenergy (biodiesel) production

The biodiesel can be produced from diverse microalgae lipids as alternative and renewable fuel. Thus, the aim of this study was to optimize the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii promising species as biodiesel feedstock for large-scale cultivation in Egypt. To understand some of the triggers required for the metabolic pathway switch to lipid accumulation, the effect of carbon sources and the three elements availability (N, P, S) in C. reinhardtii growth medium was determined. A local microalgae C. reinhardtii was cultured in modified Sueoka medium containing various concentrations of CO2 and bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (in 2-liter flasks) as a carbon source. The optimal source in term biomass, high lipid productivity (10.3 mgLd) and a higher lipid content (22.76%) were obtained in 6% CO2 culture. Then, the availability of N, P, S (various concentrations of N, P and S) nutrients elements was added to 6% CO2 culture, for produce a highest lipid content and lipid productivity. As expected, under low availability N-1.78 mM; P-0.14mM and S-0.10 mM mediums, C. reinhardtii showed a high accumulation lipid content. Therefore, to improve the economic feasibility of microalgae biofuels production, its concentrations were selected to combine (N+P+S) in order to cultivation of C. reinhardtii in a multi-tubular photobioreactor (400 liter) to produce high lipid contents. Under limited condition, the biomass dry weight, biomass productivity, lipid content and lipid productivity were found to be 3.11 (gL), 0.15±0.012 (gLd), 22.76% (w/w %) and 1.9± 0.35 (mgLd), respectively. The extracted lipid was found to have physical and chemical properties similar that plant oils using for biodiesel production. The FAME profiling of prepared biodiesel shows the presence of considerable amount of 36.97% saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid, together) with 27.33% unsaturated (oleic acid and linoleic acid) fatty acids. The FAME had a low iodine value and high CN, which meet with the appropriate of biodiesel standards (EN 14214 and ASTM D6751). Thus, C. reinhardtii appears to be more feasible for high quality biodiesel production.
Genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair genes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective To investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair genes and hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair genes had been identified in 150 pateients with hepatocellular carcinoma(case group) and 150 healthy individuals(control group) by PCR-RFLP.Results Compared with control group,frequency of wild-type allele of X-ray repair cross complementing group 1(XRCC1) Arg399Gln is higher in case group.No significant difference of urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) levels among different polymorphism genotypes in XRCC1 Arg194Tr,Arg280His,Arg399Gln and human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1(hOGG1) Ser326Cys.Conclusion Genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair genes are not associated with hepatocarcinogenesis.
Spatial and temporal variation in weather events critical for boreal agriculture: III Frost and winter time fluctuation

In the boreal zone of Europe, differences between the four seasons are considerable. Also, the within-season variation in climatic conditions is substantial. This has many impacts on agriculture that are exceptional when compared to any other environmental zone in Europe. All the meteorological data were based on weather observations made by the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Likelihood (%) for soil frost (≤ 0 °C at 20 cm soil depth) at nine weather stations, and late snow cover (> 1 cm) (10 km × 10 km grid) were estimated for late spring. Probabilities (%) of night frost at the ground surface (March-September) were calculated at nine weather stations by frequencies of the lowest observed night-time temperature: a) between –2 and –5 °C (mild), b) ≤ –5 °C (moderate) and c) ≤ –9 °C (severe). Also, the probabilities (%) of night frost in mid-summer were estimated (≤ –1 °C for at least five hours). Furthermore, a significant shift from mild to below-freezing conditions was measured in winter as a period of at least ten days with daily maximum temperatures above 0°C followed by at least a 10-day period with daily mean temperatures below –5°C in order to characterize high fluctuating winter conditions. All these except late snow cover constitute high risks to crop production. Deep soil frost may postpone sowings, while in advanced springs, night frost may cause damage. For winter crops and perennials, shifts from mild to cold spells outside the growing season are particularly detrimental. Again the data may have many other applications beyond the assessments highlighted in this paper.
Reproductive Traits of First Eggs of Clutches Vs. Other Clutch Positions in Turkeys

Abstract Reproductive traits were compared for first eggs of clutches (including single egg clutches) vs. eggs in all other clutch positions. Lower percent fertility, percent hatch of fertile eggs, percent hatch of all eggs, and higher percent 7-day dead embyros were associated with first eggs of clutches. No difference was found in percent 7 to 28 day dead embryos.
Polarization in the contemporary political and media landscape

Political polarization is on the rise in America. Although social psychologists frequently study the intergroup underpinnings of polarization, they have traditionally had less to say about macro societal processes that contribute to its rise and fall. Recent cross-disciplinary work on the contemporary political and media landscape provides these complementary insights. In this paper, we consider the evidence for and implications of political polarization, distinguishing between ideological, affective, and false polarization. We review three key societal-level factors contributing to these polarization phenomena: the role of political elites, partisan media, and social media dynamics. We argue that institutional polarization processes (elites, media and social media) contribute to people’s misperceptions of division among the electorate, which in turn can contribute to a self-perpetuating cycle fueling animosity (affective polarization) and actual ideological polarization over time.
Patch-marking and optimal search patterns in the parasitoid Venturia canescens

We investigate whether Venturia canescens marks areas previously searched for hosts and the implication of this behaviour with respect to optimal search patterns. We show for the first time, that while searching on a host patch, V. canescens deposits a marking chemical on the surface of a patch. This marker influences both the behaviour of parasitoids subsequently visiting the patch and the within-patch search pattern of the foraging parasitoid. Individuals discriminate between the marks left by themselves or by conspecifics. Search is not fully systematic, as marked areas are frequently revisited. The adaptive significance of revisiting marked areas and the implications of systematic search on population dynamics are discussed.
Factors affecting the performance of seedlings and ramets of invading grasses in an established ryegrass sward

(1) Seeds and two-tiller ramets of Poa trivialis L. , P. annua L. , Agrostis stolonifera L. and Festuca rubra L. were planted into an established sward of Lolium perenne L. in both autumn and spring. Two levels of each of N and PK were applied to the sward. (2) Seedling mortality was greatest during the summer. Seedling survival after 1 year (spring planting) or 18 months (autumn planting) ranged from 0-4% to 38-5%, depending on species, sowing date and N level. Fertilizer N and spring-sowing both reduced survival in F. rubra and P. trivialis, but not in A. stolonifera or P. annua. (3) About 70% of surviving seedlings were small (2-10 mg) and grew little during the experiment. Fertilizer N and autumn sowing, especially in combination, increased the size of F. rubra and P. trivialis seedlings (c. 35 mg), but PK had no effect. (4) Ramet survival (21-95%) was much greater than seedling survival. As in the case of seedlings, fertilizer N and spring-sowing reduced ramet survival. (5) Surviving ramets were much larger (25-650 mg) than seedlings (2-40 mg). As in the case of seedlings, autumn planting and N application increased ramet weight, but PK fertilizer decreased it. (6) Differences between species in plant survival and plant size are discussed in the context of changes in the botanical composition of sown swards with age and management.
The Effects of Different Dietary Fat Sources on General Performance and Carcass Fatty Acid Composition of Broiler Chickens

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to estimate the effects of adding poultry grease (PG), beef tallow (BT), and pork lard (PL) singly or in combination with rapeseed oil (RSO) to starter and finisher diets fed to 3000 broiler chickens. Neither male nor female mortality was affected by the different dietary fat sources. Diets supplemented with a combination of BT and PL resulted in reduced female body weights compared with diets supplemented with either BT or PL as single fat sources. These body weight differences were significant (P
Understory Plant Richness and Native Tree Invasion in Exotic Robinia pseudoacacia Stands in Hokkaido, Japan

: We investigated the ecological impact of the exotic black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia ) on native vegetation in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Many researchers have considered that native plant species in black locust stands are excluded because of the facilitated establishment of invasive exotic herbaceous plants in the stands. In the present study, the understory vegetation in 25 black locust plantations was compared with that in 23 white birch ( Betula platyphylla var. japonica ) plantations. White birch is a native deciduous pioneer tall tree species in Hokkaido. In addition, the relationship between the stand age and the maximum dbh was compared between regenerating native trees and black locust in each black locust plantation. The number of understory plant species in black locust plantations did not differ statistically from that in white birch plantations. Few exotic plants were observed in black locust plantations. Furthermore, many regenerating native tree species were found in black locust plantations. The maximum dbh of regenerating native species increased significantly with stand age, with some of them outgrowing black locust. In conclusion, we found no evidence that native plant species were being excluded because of the establishment of invasive exotic herbaceous plants in black locust stands in Hokkaido, Japan. F OR . S CI . 59(5):589–597.
Effect of Foliar Application of Methyl Jasmonate and Extracts of Juniper and Sagebrush on Essential Oil Yield and Composition of ‘Native’ Spearmint

Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) is a major essential oil crop in the United States. Developing means for increased biomass and oil yields and increased concentrations of carvone would be beneficial for the essential oil industry. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar application treatments (water (control), water + Tween20, sagebrush essential oil + Tween20, sagebrush water extract, juniper essential oil + Tween20, juniper water extract, and methyl jasmonate) on 'Native' spearmint essential oil content, shoot fresh weight, oil yield, and oil composition. The essential oil content was low in the water + Tween20 and in juniper essential oil (EO) + Tween20 treatments and high in the juniper water extract and in methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatments; however, neither of these were different from the water control or from the sagebrush EO + Tween20. Biomass fresh weight was lower in the sagebrush water extract (SWE) and in the juniper water extract (JWE) relative to the water control. The application of juniper EO + Tween20 reduced the concentration of carvone in the oil relative to the water control or to the water + Tween20 treatment. The sagebrush water extract, juniper EO + Tween20, juniper water extract, and MJ increased the concentrations of beta-caryophyllene relative to the water treatment. The concentration of trans-beta-farnesene was lower in the control water treatment and higher in all other treatments. Also, with the exception of sagebrush EO + Tween20, all treatments increased the concentration of germacrene D relative to the water control but not relative to water + Tween20. This study demonstrated that foliar application of sagebrush EO, sagebrush water extract, juniper EO, or juniper water extract to 'Native' spearmint may affect the essential oil profile of spearmint essential oil. Some of the treatments increased the concentrations of beta-caryophyllene, trans-beta-farnesene, and germacrene D in the essential oil; however, neither of the treatments increased the concentration of carvone, the main essential oil constituent of 'Native' spearmint oil.
Nest predation in black-capped chickadees : How safe are cavity nests?

providing the EM-SCAN unit used in this study and to Jason Weckstein for his tireless assistance in the field. Thanks to R. and T. Robinson, T. Dietsch, S. and J. Hinshaw, University of Michigan, and personnel of Ledges State Park, Indiana University, Fountain Grove Wildlife Area, Eufaula NWR, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for providing access to field sites. T. Root, K. Hall, R. Burke, B. Fahey, and J. Parody made helpful comments on earlier drafts, and G. Fowler provided statistical advice. This research was performed under appointment to the U.S. Department of Energy, Graduate Fellowships for Global Change Program, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Water Flux in Chukar Partridges (Alectoris chukar) and a Comparison with Other Birds

Total body water volumes and water fluxes were estimated in five chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar), using tritiated water. The birds were captured from a Negev desert population and were individually caged in an environment controlled room (Ta = 27 ± 1 C; relative humidity [RH] = 42% ± 2%). Daily water flux averaged 70.7 ml/kg body mass when the birds had drinking water and a dry ration ad lib. and was 22% higher when the birds were offered additional green vegetation. On the basis of data collected in a comparable manner, i.e., from nonstressed, captive birds offered food and water ad lib. , an allometric equation relating water flux to body mass was calculated for avian species as follows: log water flux (ml/day) = 0.596 log body mass (g) + log 1.223. The chukar partridges and several other xeric zone birds had relatively low water fluxes when compared with mesic birds. We suggest that a standard experimental protocol be adopted for water-balance studies in birds to allow meaningful interspecific comparisons of water-related physiological functions.
Characteristics of Mating Type,Metalaxyl Sensitivity,mtDNA Haplotype and Succession of Phytophthora infestans Populations in Yunnan,2000 to 2003

【Objective】The study was necessary to manage the late blight disease and to characterize populations of Phytophthora infestans. 【Method】 The characteristics of mating type,metalaxyl sensitivity and mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans isolates were collected from 32 potato and tomato production regions in Yunnan and were analyzed. 【Result】Most isolates from potato and all isolates from tomato were A1 mating type. Frequency of A2 mating type and self-fertility isolates were 3.4% and 4.4% respectively. They were only detected in four potato regions. The population structure of P. infestans had changed dramatically and A2 or self-fertility isolates had not been detected in Yunnan since 2002. In vitro tests of sensitivity to the phenylamide fungicide metalaxyl showed that resistant,intermediate and sensitive isolates occurred on potato and tomato with the frequency 13.2%,9.4% and 77.4% respectively. The frequency of resistance to metalaxyl was higher in isolates from tomato than in isolates from potato. Three mtDNA haplotypes Ⅰa,Ⅱa andⅠb were detected from P. infestans populations on potato and tomato in Yunnan. Both Ⅰa and Ⅱa haplotypes of P. infestans from potato belonged to the ‘new’ populations that followed the second global migration of the pathogen. The frequency of Ⅰa haplotype was 96%,spreading all potato production regions. Isolates from tomato belonged toⅠa and Ⅰb haplotypes and showed that the “old” and “new” populations of P.infestans coexisted in Yunnan. 【Conclusion】There was obvious difference between populations of P. infestans from potato and tomato. The succession between “old” and “new” P. infestanspopulations had already occurred and the “new” populations had successfully replaced the “old” population on potato. Migration and limited sexual reproduction might play an important role on variation and replacement of P. infestans populations in Yunnan.