Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amaranthus palmeri a New Invasive Weed in Spain with Herbicide Resistant Biotypes

Amaranthus palmeri is the most prominent invasive weed in agricultural land from North America, partly due to its propensity to evolve resistance to multiple herbicide sites of action. In the last two decades, reports of this species have increased throughout the American continent and occasionally in other continents. In 2007, A. palmeri populations were found in three localities in northeastern Spain, and they are still present today. To determine whether these three populations resulted from a common or independent introduction events—and when and from where they could have occurred—research was carried out aiming to characterize the resistance profile and mechanisms to 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase-and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides and to analyze the relationship between these three populations using inter simple sequence repeat DNA fingerprinting. Dose–response trials confirmed that the three populations were susceptible to glyphosate but resistant to nicosulfuron-methyl. Resistance to ALS inhibitors was due to several amino acid substitutions in positions Pro197, Trp574 and Ser653. Moreover, the substitutions Ser653Ile and Pro197Thr are described for the first time in this species. At field-labeled rates, all populations were fully controlled with alternative herbicides with other sites of action. Amaranthus palmeri individuals were clustered in three groups based on unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean analysis, which corresponded to the three sampled populations, with a 67% of genetic relationship among them. Considering this high genetic variability and the different positions and amino acid substations found between populations, it was hypothesized that different colonization events occurred from the American continent probably prior to the introduction of glyphosate resistant crops. Prevention from new introductions is warranted because new herbicide resistance traits could arrive, complicating the management of this invasive weed species, while managing or eradicating the already established populations.
Financial Globalization as a Barrier to Democratic Consolidation: a North-South Model with Public Goods

Abstract This paper modifies the Acemoglu–Robinson model of the economic basis of democracy to discuss the impact of the international regime regulating capital flows on the consolidation and quality of democracy. Two regimes of capital mobility are considered, Bretton Woods and Rodrik’s hyperglobalization, in an international economy formed by an advanced North and a developing South. The model shows that hyperglobalization compromises the stability of democracy in the South by limiting the ability of the citizens to tax the elite and provide public goods which are critical for technical change and income distribution. At variance with the mainstream results, it is argued that financial globalization is a barrier to democratic consolidation. The model is consistent with key findings of the empirical literature on globalization and democracy, as well as with evidence from the economic history of Latin America.
Experimental Investigations of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Flow Instability in a Horizontal Microtube with an Inlet Orifice

Flow boiling heat transfer mechanism has been shown to be an attractive method for satisfying the expected cooling loads of microelectronic devices. One of the main challenges associated with flow boiling is the flow instability created by the two-phase flow process. The design of orifice placed at the entrance of microchannels has been proven to be an effective way of reducing or eliminating these flow instabilities in multichannel systems. The present thesis experimentally investigated the effect of inlet orifice in a single microtube on flow boiling heat transfer and associated flow instabilities using FC-72 as working fluid. The hydraulic diameter and length of microtube were fixed at 889 µm and 150 mm, respectively. The area ratios of inlet orifice to main microtube were selected as 50%, 35%, and 20%. The results showed that the ratio of pressure drop by inlet orifice to the total pressure drop reduced as mass flux and vapor quality increased. Inlet orifice did not have significant effects on the forced convective boiling heat transfer and normal critical heat flux, but increased the nucleate boiling heat transfer and premature critical heat flux. A novel flow stability map was developed and two critical boundaries were identified, which divide the flow into stable and unstable regimes. The microtube with 20% inlet orifice had a best performance on flow stabilization since a large upstream pressure was created. A methodology was also developed in order to predict the onset of flow instability in single microtubes with different sizes of inlet orifices. The predicted heat flux at the onset of flow instability was compared with the experiment and showed a reasonable agreement within ± 30%. Overall, the performance of inlet orifices on flow boiling heat transfer and flow instability has been investigated in a single microtube. The present fundamental work is expected to lead to creation and development of a number of miniaturized devices, which are associated with flow boiling.
Restoring a glacier‐fed river: Past and present morphodynamics of a degraded channel in the Italian Alps

The present study explores the evolutionary trajectory of the glacier‐fed Mareit River (South Tyrol, Italian Alps), where a large restoration programme was implemented in 2008–2009. River corridor changes before and after the restoration works were assessed using historical maps, recent field observations, topographic surveys and topographic differencing. Trends of anthropic (forest cover, channel works, gravel mining) and natural (glacial cover, precipitation, flow regime) factors controlling channel morphology – at both catchment and reach scales – were reconstructed. From the mid‐19th century, the evolutionary trajectory of the Mareit River followed a degradational trend, characterized by channel narrowing, bed incision and planform simplification. Direct, in‐channel human alterations – mainly in the form of bank protections (in the late 19th century), gravel mining (mostly in the 1970s) and grade‐control works (since the 1980s) – dominated the historical adjustments before the restoration. In 2008–2009, a segment of the Mareit was restored by widening the channel, partly removing the check‐dams and shaping a braided pattern within a laterally constrained corridor. Post‐work monitoring shows that the restoration improved both the morphological quality and the geomorphic diversity. At present, the channel is subject to narrowing and slight bed level incision, with islands and floodplains progressively expanding at the expenses of the active channel. This trend is likely to continue in the next decades based on the expected future flow regime, and indeed the Mareit River seems to be attaining a ‘miniaturized’ version of the anabranching pattern of the mid‐19th century. Overall, this restoration approach and the associated evolutionary trajectory is considered positive, because it leads to a complex mosaic of geomorphic units, dynamically self‐adjusting to the time‐varying driving variables. The formation of a morphodynamically active corridor, while keeping artificially non‐erodible boundaries, represents an optimal strategy to integrate ecological improvements with flood risk mitigation in the densely populated Alpine valleys. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supportiveness of Low-Carbon Energy Technology Policy Using Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making Methodologies

The deployment of low-carbon energy (LCE) technologies and management of installations represents an imperative to face climate change. LCE planning is an interminable process affected by a multitude of social, economic, environmental, and health factors. A major challenge for policy makers is to select a future clean energy strategy that maximizes sustainability. Thus, policy formulation and evaluation need to be addressed in an analytical manner including multidisciplinary knowledge emanating from diverse social stakeholders. In the current work, a comparative analysis of LCE planning is provided, evaluating different multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies. Initially, by applying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, the available energy alternative technologies are prioritized. A variety of stakeholders is surveyed for that reason. To deal with the ambiguity that occurred in their judgements, fuzzy goal programming (FGP) is used for the translation into fuzzy numbers. Then, the stochastic fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (SF-AHP) and fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (F-TOPSIS) are applied to evaluate a repertoire of energy alternative forms including biofuel, solar, hydro, and wind power. The methodologies are estimated based on the same set of tangible and intangible criteria for the case study of Thessaly Region, Greece. The application of FGP ranked the four energy types in terms of feasibility and positioned solar-generated energy as first, with a membership function of 0.99. Among the criteria repertoire used by the stakeholders, the SF-AHP evaluated all the criteria categories separately and selected the most significant category representative. Finally, F-TOPSIS assessed these criteria ordering the energy forms, in terms of descending order of ideal solution, as follows: solar, biofuel, hydro, and wind.
Predicting student translators’ performance in machine translation post-editing: interplay of self-regulation, critical thinking, and motivation

ABSTRACT Machine translation post-editing (MTPE) has become a common practice in translation industry, which calls much attention in academia. However, little research has been carried out to investigate students’ cognitive and motivational individual differences in MTPE. The purpose of the present study was to examine the predictive effects of self-regulation, critical thinking, and motivation on students’ MTPE performance. Self-reported data was collected from 109 student translators before and after the post-editing test. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to calculate the data. The findings indicated that self-regulation exerted a direct and positive effect on MTPE performance (β = .48, p < .001) and was further statistically affected by critical thinking (β = .46, p < .001) and motivation (β = .43, p < .001). However, no significant effects were found either from motivation or critical thinking on MTPE performance. To train students with heightened levels of self-regulation is crucial in MTPE teaching and learning.
“Brothers in arms”: Activity‐related skeletal changes observed on the humerus of individuals buried with and without weapons from the 10th‐century CE Carpathian Basin

Investigation of warfare-related lifestyle based on the activity-induced skeletal changes is of great interest for bioarchaeologists. Numerous studies have described various skeletal traces connected to the regular practice of different types of weapons. However, methodological problems, such as the multifactorial aetiology of these presumed activity-related skeletal changes, make it difficult to evaluate which changes are reliable in the identification and characterisation of a given class in a to find significant and on the humerus between individuals buried with and We collection archery-related Only adult males were for this study to decrease the influence of nonmechanical factors, such as age and sex. We analysed the bones for the presence of entheseal changes, joint changes, morphological variants, and traumas. The selection of these markers relied on anatomical and sport traumatological data. We also calculated indices of robusticity and shape based on the external measurements of the humerus. The values were compared according to the presence (armed group) or absence (unarmed group) of weapon deposits in the graves. An independent group of nonwarriors from documented Luís Skeletal Collection (Lisbon) was also used for comparison.
Subsurface Stress Measurement in GIS Epoxy Composite by Using LCR Waves

Internal stress in basin insulators of gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear (GIS) can lead to cracks, which affects the safe operation of these apparatuses. In this research, we proposed a subsurface internal stress measurement method for GIS epoxy composites. This method is based on an ultrasonic longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) wave technique. In this study, some epoxy composite specimens were synthesized with similar materials and manufacturing processes to those of 252 kV GIS basin insulators. An ultrasonic stress measurement system that utilized the LCR wave technique was set-up to investigate the relationship between stress and LCR wave propagation time, as well as to measure the compressive stress of the epoxy specimen within 0–50 MPa. The results show that LCR wave propagation time linearly decreased when stress increased in the subsurface zone and the acoustoelastic coefficient was −4.95. We found the relative errors of stress measurements to be less than 13%.
Rational Construction of Self‐Standing Sulfur‐Doped Fe2O3 Anodes with Promoted Energy Storage Capability for Wearable Aqueous Rechargeable NiCo‐Fe Batteries

Aqueous rechargeable Ni‐Fe batteries featuring an ultra‐flat discharge plateau, low cost, and outstanding safety characteristics show promising prospects for application in wearable energy storage. In particular, fiber‐shaped Ni‐Fe batteries will enable textile‐based energy supply for wearable electronics. However, the development of fiber‐shaped Ni‐Fe batteries is currently challenged by the performance of fibrous Fe‐based anode materials. In this context, this study describes the fabrication of sulfur‐doped Fe2O3 nanowire arrays (S‐Fe2O3 NWAs) grown on carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) as an innovative anode material (S‐Fe2O3 NWAs/CNTF). Encouragingly, first‐principle calculations reveal that S‐doping in Fe2O3 can dramatically reduce the band gap from 2.34 to 1.18 eV and thus enhance electronic conductivity. The novel developed S‐Fe2O3 NWAs/CNTF electrode is further demonstrated to deliver a very high capacity of 0.81 mAh cm−2 at 4 mA cm−2. This value is almost sixfold higher than that of the pristine Fe2O3 NWAs/CNTF electrode. When a cathode containing zinc‐nickel‐cobalt oxide (ZNCO)@Ni(OH)2 NWAs heterostructures is used, 0.46 mAh cm−2 capacity and 67.32 mWh cm−3 energy density are obtained for quasi‐solid‐state fiber‐shaped NiCo‐Fe batteries, which outperform most state‐of‐the‐art fiber‐shaped aqueous rechargeable batteries. These findings offer an innovative and feasible route to design high‐performance Fe‐based anodes and may inspire new development for the next‐generation wearable Ni‐Fe batteries.
Classification of Clouds Sampled at the Puy de Dôme Station (France) Based on Chemical Measurements and Air Mass History Matrices

A statistical analysis of 295 cloud samples collected at the Puy de Dôme station in France (PUY), covering the period 2001–2018, was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA), agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Our model classified the cloud water samples on the basis of their chemical concentrations and of the dynamical history of their air masses estimated with back-trajectory calculations. The statistical analysis split our dataset into two sets, i.e., the first set characterized by westerly air masses and marine characteristics, with high concentrations of sea salts and the second set having air masses originating from the northeastern sector and the “continental” zone, with high concentrations of potentially anthropogenic ions. It appears from our dataset that the influence of cloud microphysics remains minor at PUY as compared with the impact of the air mass history, i.e., physicochemical processes, such as multiphase reactivity.
Community And Individual Factors Associated With Maternal And Neonatal Care Practices In Low Resource Settings. A Case Of Zimbabwe

Neonatal mortality has been increasing in Zimbabwe from 20/1,000 live births between 2000 and 2004 to 29 /1,000 live births between 2010 and 2014.Suboptimal newborn care practices are the predisposing factors to neonatal mortality. In Manicaland Province, care seeking behaviours for fever which is the main symptom of majority of infections in children and knowledge levels of danger signs that should cause the mother to take a child immediately to a health facility remains unacceptably lower than the national averages. A cross sectional descriptive and analytic design was carried out to explore the factors associated with the practice of the recommended newborn care practices by women of child bearing age in Mutare District. Health facilities were purposively sampled and participants were systematically sampled. Structured interviews were used to collect data which was analysed in Epi-Info version 7.2. Descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed on data collected from 349 participants. Practice of the five assessed recommended newborn care practices was high. Exclusive breast feeding (62%), early initiation of Breast feeding (74%), good code care (73%), care seeking for neonatal illness within 24hrs of onset of fever (82%) and keeping baby warm was at 58%. Statistically significant independent factors associated with the recommended newborn care practices were post-natal stay for more than 72 hours at the clinic (AOR=0.56; 95%CI: 0.12-0.87, p=0.000), and delivery at the health facility (AOR=0.43; 95%CI: 0.21-0.77; p=0.000). Cultural practices that impact negatively on neonatal care in Mutare district include; asking for permission to seek treatment for the child when ill, feeding the baby immediately after delivery and applying substances and mixed traditional herbs on the cord stump of the newborn. Improving newborn care outcomes require approaches addressing demand and supply factors to reach communities with correct information on good newborn care.
Growth and Survival of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Isolated from Tuna Loins Produced in Côte D’ivoire

Aims: The aim of this study was to study the growth of pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (ETEC) in Tuna loins. Study Design: Bacteriological study. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Microbiology of the Central Laboratory of Food hygiene and Agro-business (LCHAI), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire between September 2014 and December 2014. Methodology: Three strains of E. coli (enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli (ETEC), possessing both "elt" and "est" virulence genes resistant to amoxicillin from Tuna loins; E. coli reference strain (ATCC 25992); strain of E. coli (KO 13) from water with the virulence gene "elt") were inoculated in brain heart infusion broth (BHI) and in tuna loins for 120 hours. pH and bacterial loads of E. coli were measured to 0; 3; 6; 12; 24; 48; 72; 96 and 120 hours respectively. Original Research Article Sika et al.; IJPR, 4(4): 1-11, 2020; Article no.IJPR. 58250 2 Results: The results showed that the three strains of E. coli used in this work survived in liquid medium (BHI) and in Tuna loins even after 5 days (120 hours). The growth curves of these three strains evolved in the same way in liquid medium and in Tuna loins. However, the growth rate of strains of E. coli inoculated in liquid media (BHI) was higher than that of strains inoculated in Tuna loins. Conclusion: Pathogenic strains of E. coli isolated from Tuna loins are a hazard to be considered in the microbiological risk assessment of the consumption of these Tuna products.
What is the hydrologically effective area of a catchment?

Topographically delineated catchments are the common spatial unit to connect human activities and climate change with their consequences for water availability as a prerequisite for sustainable water management. However, inter-catchment groundwater flow and limited connectivity within the catchment results in effective catchment areas different from those suggested by surface topography. Here, we introduce the notion of effective catchment area quantified through an effective catchment index (ECI), derived from observed streamflow, precipitation and actual evapotranspiration estimates, to understand the prevalence and significance of substantial differences between topographic and effective catchment areas in a global dataset. We evaluate our ECI analysis by comparing it to hydraulic head simulations of a global groundwater flow model and to the Budyko framework. We find that one in three studied catchments exhibit an effective catchment area either larger than double or smaller than half of their topographic area. These catchments will likely be affected by management activities such as groundwater pumping or land use change outside their topographic boundaries. Or alternatively, they affect water resources beyond their topographic boundaries. We find that the magnitude of the observed differences is strongly linked to aridity, mean slope, distance to coast, and topographic area. Our study provides a first-order identification of catchments where additional in-depth analysis of subsurface connectivity is needed to support sustainable water management.
A Critical Evaluation of Microbial Product Formation in Biological Processes

A critical evaluation of the characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMP) indicates that SMP is comprised of many different types and sizes of molecules and is biodegradable. A portion of SMP is formed at a rate proportional to the rate of substrate utilization (UAP), while the rest is formed at a rate proportional to the concentration of active biomass (BAP). These characteristics are incorporated into a mathematical model that includes the following components: substrate utilization and biomass growth according to Monod kinetics, SMP formation kinetics in proportion to substrate utilization rate and to biomass accumulation, and SMP degradation according to a semi-empirical multi-component degradation model. The SMP formation/degradation model successfully describes the fractional conversion of substrate into SMP, including the observed trends of increasing conversion at high and low sludge ages. In addition to activated sludge, the model is applied to anaerobic treatment and to biofilm processes.
Negotiating the "new normal": University leaders and marketisation

This article explores how leaders, key decision-makers in research-intensive public universities perceive marketisation in the sector in relation to public-private arrangements in teaching and learning provision. The focus is on the nature of relationships between public universities and those private companies engaged in the co-creation, delivery and support of educational provision. It draws on 16 interviews with decision makers – senior leaders and managers in higher education at six research-intensive universities in South Africa and England. Questions raised in this article are: How do senior decision makers perceive the entry of private players into public higher education? What are their experiences of working in partnership with private companies? What effect do they think the relationship is having on the status of the public university? How do they talk about the market actors? We observe that university leaders in both study countries, despite their different positions in the global field of higher education, and the hybrid moral economy around processes of marketisation all use language borrowed from the business sector to justify or reject marketisation. This indicates an unprecedented level of normalisation of this rhetoric in a public sector otherwise sensitive to language use posing serious questions about the nature of public universities in this marketised era.