Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Three Physical Processes in a Minimal Three-Dimensional Tropical Cyclone Model

Abstract The minimal three-dimensional tropical cyclone model developed by Zhu et al. is used to explore the role of shallow convection, precipitation-cooled downdrafts, and the vertical transport of momentum by deep convection on the dynamics of tropical cyclone intensification. The model is formulated in σ coordinates and has three vertical levels, one characterizing a shallow boundary layer, and the other two representing the upper and lower troposphere, respectively. It has three options for treating cumulus convection on the subgrid scale and a simple scheme for the explicit release of latent heat on the grid scale. In the model, as in reality, shallow convection transports air with low moist static energy from the lower troposphere to the boundary layer, stabilizing the atmosphere not only to itself, but also to deep convection. Also it moistens and cools the lower troposphere. For realistic parameter values, the stabilization in the vortex core region is the primary effect: it reduces the deep conv.
The Soft Tick Ornithodoros moubata and Its Role in the Epidemiology of African Swine Fever in Central Malawi

ABSTRACT: African swine fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease of pigs (Sus scrofa) caused by a double-stranded DNA virus, African swine fever virus (ASFV). With up to 100% mortality in pigs and no vaccine, the socioeconomic impacts of this disease are immense. In sub-Saharan Africa, warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) are the original vertebrate host for the virus, which is transmitted among wild suids via the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. In Malawi, O. moubata is thought to be widely distributed, with the potential to spread ASFV beyond its historical enzootic zone in the Central Region. We surveyed 76 domestic pig farms, 18 active warthog burrows, and three bushpigs (Potamochoerus larvatus) resting sites for O. moubata in the Central Region of Malawi, and tested the ticks for ASFV using PCR. We found a limited distribution for O. moubata: 75 ticks were discovered at a single farm in the Mchinji District. Eleven percent of these ticks were ASFV positive. This suggests that wildlife and O. moubata play a limited role in the epidemiology of ASF in Malawi; thus, other factors for disease spread, such as fomites and pig-to-pig infection, need to be considered.
Ertapenem blood concentration: A retrospective cohort study to analyse risk of neurotoxicity

Several cases of ertapenem‐related neurotoxicity have been published in the current literature. However, studies evaluating the ertapenem blood concentration (EBC) as a risk of these adverse events are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the trough EBC and the risk of neurological toxicity.
Models as Approximations: How Random Predictors and Model Violations Invalidate Classical Inference in Regression

We review and interpret the early insights of Halbert White who over thirty years ago inaugurated a form of statistical inference for regression models that is asymptotically correct even under "model misspecification," that is, under the assumption that models are approximations rather than generative truths. This form of inference, which is pervasive in econometrics, relies on the "sandwich estimator" of standard error. Whereas linear models theory in statistics assumes models to be true and predictors to be fixed, White's theory permits models to be approximate and predictors to be random. Careful reading of his work shows that the deepest consequences for statistical inference arise from a synergy --- a "conspiracy" --- of nonlinearity and randomness of the predictors which invalidates the ancillarity argument that justifies conditioning on the predictors when they are random. Unlike the standard error of linear models theory, the sandwich estimator provides asymptotically correct inference in the presence of both nonlinearity and heteroskedasticity. An asymptotic comparison of the two types of standard error shows that discrepancies between them can be of arbitrary magnitude. If there exist discrepancies, standard errors from linear models theory are usually too liberal even though occasionally they can be too conservative as well. A valid alternative to the sandwich estimator is provided by the "pairs bootstrap"; in fact, the sandwich estimator can be shown to be a limiting case of the pairs bootstrap. We conclude by giving meaning to regression slopes when the linear model is an approximation rather than a truth. --- In this review we limit ourselves to linear least squares regression, but many qualitative insights hold for most forms of regression.
The Impact of Stiffness in Bimanual Versus Dyadic Interactions Requiring Force Exchange

During daily activities, humans routinely manipulate objects bimanually or with the help of a partner. This work explored how bimanual and dyadic coordination modes are impacted by the object's stiffness, which conditions inter-limb haptic communication. For this, we recruited 20 healthy participants who performed a virtual task inspired by object handling, where we looked at the initiation of force exchange and its continued maintenance while tracking. Our findings suggest that while individuals and dyads displayed different motor behaviours, which may stem from the dyad members' need to estimate their partner's actions, they exhibited similar tracking accuracy. For both coordination modes, increased stiffness resulted in better tracking accuracy and more correlated motions, but required a larger effort through increased average torque. These results suggest that stiffness may be a key consideration in applications such as rehabilitation, where bimanual or external physical assistance is often provided.
COVID-19 Vaccination Among Skilled Nursing Facility Staff: Challenges and Strategies Identified by Administrators

COVID-19 vaccinations are critical for mitigating outbreaks and reducing mortality for skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents and staff, yet uptake among SNF staff varies widely and remains suboptimal. Understanding which strategies are successful for promoting staff vaccination, and examining the relationship between vaccination policies and staff retention/turnover is key for identifying best practices. We conducted repeated interviews with SNF administrators at 3-month intervals between July 2020 and December 2021 (n = 156 interviews). We found that COVID-19 vaccines were initially met with both enthusiasm and skepticism by SNF staff. Administrators reported strategies to increase staff vaccine acceptance, including incentives, one-on-one education, and less stringent personal protective equipment requirements. Federal and state vaccination mandates further promoted vaccine uptake. This combination of mandates with prioritization of the vaccine by SNFs and their leadership was successful at increasing staff vaccination acceptance, which may be critical to increase staff booster uptake from its current suboptimal levels.
Degradation behavior, cytotoxicity, hemolysis of partially unzipped carbon nanotubes/zinc composites as potential biodegradable bone implants

Zn with a suitable degradation rate is considered to be a promising candidate biodegradable implant materials. To enhance the mechanical properties of pure Zn and broaden its application in the field of short-term orthopedic surgery, a series of new Zn matrix composites with a high strength are developed by the addition of partially unzipped carbon nanotubes (PUCNTs), and the degradation behavior, cytotoxicity and hemolysis of new PUCNTs/Zn composites are investigated in this paper. The results show that the degradation rate of the PUCNTs/Zn composites with 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 wt. % PUCNTs can meet the standard of clinical biomedical orthopedic implant materials. During cytotoxicity test, the density of living cells rapidly increases with increasing PUCNTs content, and the cell viability of MG-63 cells in the extract with different concentrations is higher than 90%, illustrating an excellent cytocompatibility. For the hematotoxicity assay, the hemolysis percentage of all PUCNTs/Zn composites samples is below the safety threshold of 5.0% for clinical application, exhibiting a good blood compatibility.
Colectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis is not associated to future diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis

Abstract Background Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a hepatobiliary disease closely related to ulcerative colitis (UC). In PSC patients, colectomy has been linked to improved prognosis, especially following liver transplantation. This suggests an involvement of the gut‐liver axis in PSC etiology. Objective We aimed to investigate the association between colectomy and the risk of future PSC in an epidemiological setting. Method Through nationwide registers, we identified all adults diagnosed with UC in Sweden 1990–2018 and retrieved information on PSC diagnosis and colectomy. Within the UC cohort (n = 61,993 patients), we matched 5577 patients with colectomy to 15,078 without colectomy. Matching criteria were sex, age at UC onset (±5 years), year of UC onset (±3 years), and proctitis at the time of colectomy. Incidence rates of PSC per 1000‐person year were calculated, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for PSC until 31 December 2019. Results During the follow‐up, 190 (3.4%) colectomized UC patients and 450 (3.0%) UC comparators developed PSC, yielding incidence rates of 2.6 and 2.4 per 1000 person‐years (HR 1.07 [95% CI 0.90–1.28]). The cumulative incidence of colectomy decreased remarkably over calendar periods, but the cumulative incidence of PSC remained unchanged. The risk of developing PSC in colectomized versus comparators changed over time (HR 0.68 [95% CI; 0.48–0.96] in 1990‐97 and HR 2.10 [95% CI; 1.37–3.24] in 2011‐18). Conclusions In UC patients, colectomy was not associated with a decreased risk of subsequent PSC. The observed differences in the risk of PSC development over calendar periods are likely due to changes in PSC‐diagnosis and UC‐treatment.
Cyanomethyl Vinyl Ethers Against Naegleria fowleri

Naegleria fowleri is a pathogenic amoeba that causes a fulminant and rapidly progressive disease affecting the central nervous system called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Moreover, the disease is fatal in more than 97% of the reported cases, mostly affecting children and young people after practicing aquatic activities in nontreated fresh and warm water bodies contaminated with these amoebae. Currently, the treatment of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis is based on a combination of different antibiotics and antifungals, which are not entirely effective and lead to numerous side effects. In the recent years, research against PAM is focused on the search of novel, less toxic, and fully effective antiamoebic agents. Previous studies have reported the activity of cyano-substituted molecules in different protozoa. Therefore, the activity of 46 novel synthetic cyanomethyl vinyl ethers (QOET-51 to QOET-96) against two type strains of N. fowleri (ATCC 30808 and ATCC 30215) was determined. The data showed that QOET-51, QOET-59, QOET-64, QOET-67, QOET-72, QOET-77, and QOET-79 were the most active molecules. In fact, the selectivity index (CC50/IC50) was sixfold higher when compared to the activities of the drugs of reference. In addition, the mechanism of action of these compounds was studied, with the aim to demonstrate the induction of a programmed cell death process in N. fowleri.
Resolution of Sleep Disturbance and Improved Functional Outcomes After Rotator Cuff Repair

Background: Most patients experience sleep disturbances before rotator cuff repair, with these symptoms largely improving postoperatively. However, the relationship between the resolution or persistence of sleep disturbance and patient-reported outcomes after rotator cuff repair remains unknown. Purpose: To compare outcomes after rotator cuff repair between patients who reported a preoperative sleep disturbance and those who did not. Outcomes at various time points after surgery were also assessed in relation to the persistence or resolution of sleep disturbance. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients undergoing primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair at a tertiary academic center were prospectively enrolled in a registry database. Patient characteristics were obtained preoperatively and validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were obtained pre- and postoperatively, including the visual analog scale for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, Simple Shoulder Test, and Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey Physical and Mental components. Sleep disturbance was evaluated via responses to Simple Shoulder Test question 2. Patients with and without sleep disturbance were compared before and after surgery. Results: In total, 293 patients were prospectively enrolled. A total of 262 (89.8%) patients reported a sleep disturbance preoperatively. Of these, 221 (84.4%) reported a resolution of sleep disturbance by 2 years postoperatively. After adjustment for age, workers’ compensation status, and Cofield tear size, patients with a preoperative sleep disturbance reported significantly worse baseline PROMs, apart from the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey Mental component, before surgery. However, postoperatively, these patients had greater improvement in PROMs, and no significant remaining differences were seen at follow-up between patients with and without preoperative sleep disturbance. Among patients who reported a preoperative sleep disturbance, those whose symptoms resolved postoperatively had superior PROM scores as well as significantly greater improvements from preoperative baseline values compared with patients with persistent sleep disturbances after surgery. Conclusion: Patients with preoperative sleep disturbances reported worse baseline functional scores before rotator cuff repair compared with patients without sleep disturbance. These disturbances largely resolved after surgery, with postoperative outcomes comparable with those of patients who reported no preoperative sleep concerns. Patients whose sleep disturbances resolved postoperatively also reported superior PROM scores compared with patients whose sleep disturbances persisted postoperatively.
Plant biochemical genetics in the multiomics era

Abstract Our understanding of plant biology has been revolutionized by modern genetics and biochemistry. However, biochemical genetics can be traced back to the foundation of Mendelian genetics; indeed, one of Mendel’s milestone discoveries of seven characteristics of pea plants later came to be ascribed to a mutation in a starch branching enzyme. Here, we review both current and historical strategies for the elucidation of plant metabolic pathways and the genes that encode their component enzymes and regulators. We use this historical review to discuss a range of classical genetic phenomena including epistasis, canalization, and heterosis as viewed through the lens of contemporary high-throughput data obtained via the array of approaches currently adopted in multiomics studies.
Global profiling of lysine lactylation in human lungs

Lactate is closely related to various cellular processes, such as angiogenesis, responses to hypoxia, and macrophage polarization, while regulating natural immune signaling pathways and promoting neurogenesis and cognitive function. Lysine lactylation (Kla) is a novel posttranslational modification, the examination of which may lead to new understanding of the nonmetabolic functions of lactate and the various physiological and pathological processes in which lactate is involved, such as infection, tumorigenesis and tumor development. Using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS), researchers have identified lactylation in human gastric cancer cells and some other species, but no research on lactylation in human lungs has been reported. In this study, we performed global profiling of lactylation in human lungs under normal physiological conditions, and 724 Kla sites in 451 proteins were identified. After comparing the identified proteins with those reported in human lactylation datasets, 141 proteins that undergo lactylation were identified for the first time in this study. Our work expands the database on human lactylation and helps advance the study on lactylation function and regulation under physiological and pathological conditions.
SHOC2 mediates the drug-resistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells to everolimus

ABSTRACT Aberrant activation of the mTOR pathway is a characteristic alteration in triple-negative breast cancer, but the mTOR pathway inhibitor everolimus is not effective for the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Presently, we showed that the activation of ERK pathway was an important mechanism of resistance to everolimus in TNBC cells in this study. SHOC2, a key protein mediating the Ras-Raf-ERK pathway, could act as a scaffolding protein to facilitate the activation of the pathway by mediating the interaction of key components of the pathway. Our results showed that everolimus activated the Raf-ERK pathway by promoting the interaction between SHOC2 and c-Raf and that knockdown of SHOC2 significantly inhibited the Raf-ERK pathway induced by everolimus. We further demonstrated that SHOC2 expression levels were closely related to the sensitivity of TNBC cells to everolimus and that interference with SHOC2 expression in combination with everolimus had significant effects on the cell cycle progression and apoptosis in vitro experiments. Western blotting analysis showed that cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-related proteins were significantly altered by the combination treatment. Xenograft model also demonstrated that knockdown of SHOC2 significantly increased the sensitivity of tumor to everolimus in nude mice. In conclusion, our study showed that SHOC2 is a key factor in regulating the sensitivity of TNBC cells to everolimus and that combined therapy may be a more effective therapeutic approach for TNBC patients.
18F-Labeled Somatostatin Analogs as PET Tracers for the Somatostatin Receptor: Ready for Clinical Use

Molecular imaging of the somatostatin receptor plays a key role in the clinical management of neuroendocrine tumors. PET imaging with somatostatin analogs (SSAs) labeled with 68Ga or 64Cu is currently the gold standard in clinical practice. However, widespread implementation of 68Ga imaging is often hampered by practical and economic issues related to 68Ge/68Ga generators. 18F offers several advantages to tackle these issues. Recent developments in radiochemistry have allowed a shift from 68Ga toward 18F labeling, leading to promising clinical translations of 18F-labeled SSAs, such as Gluc-Lys-[18F]FP-TOCA, [18F]F-FET-βAG-TOCA, [18F]AlF-NOTA-octreotide, [18F]SiTATE, and [18F]AlF-NOTA-JR11. This review gives an update of currently available clinical data regarding 18F-labeled SSA tracers and provides justification for the clinical application of this class of tracers.
Speech-language pathologists’ perceptions of augmentative and alternative communication in Thailand

Abstract Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are not well-known and broadly used in Thailand. To begin introducing AAC systems and interventions to children with complex communication needs in Thailand, understanding speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs) perceptions toward various AAC systems is an important first step. This study assessed SLPs’ perceptions of three AAC modalities: gestural communication, communication boards, and iPad 1 -based speech-output technologies. A total of 78 SLPs watched three video vignettes of a child using each mode and rated their impressions of intelligibility, ease of learnability and use, effectiveness, and preference. Then they were asked to rate factors on visual analog scales that provided additional insights into their rationales and their preferences for AAC modalities for nonverbal clients and for themselves if they were nonverbal. The results indicated that most of the SLPs rated iPad-based speech-output technologies as being the more intelligible, effective, and preferred mode of communication. Gestural communication was rated as the easiest mode to learn and use for a child with complex communication needs. Despite infrequent use of iPad-based speech-output technologies in Thailand, SLPs’ ratings indicated high social acceptance of this modality for promoting communication abilities of children with complex communication needs. Results also revealed some biases and lack of knowledge about AAC systems in Thailand.
Learning an Invariant and Equivariant Network for Weakly Supervised Object Detection

Weakly Supervised Object Detection (WSOD) is of increasing importance in the community of computer vision as its extensive applications and low manual cost. Most of the advanced WSOD approaches build upon an indefinite and quality-agnostic framework, leading to unstable and incomplete object detectors. This paper attributes these issues to the process of inconsistent learning for object variations and the unawareness of localization quality and constructs a novel end-to-end Invariant and Equivariant Network (IENet). It is implemented with a flexible multi-branch online refinement, to be naturally more comprehensive-perceptive against various objects. Specifically, IENet first performs label propagation from the predicted instances to their transformed ones in a progressive manner, achieving affine-invariant learning. Meanwhile, IENet also naturally utilizes rotation-equivariant learning as a pretext task and derives an instance-level rotation-equivariant branch to be aware of the localization quality. With affine-invariance learning and rotation-equivariant learning, IENet urges consistent and holistic feature learning for WSOD without additional annotations. On the challenging datasets of both natural scenes and aerial scenes, we substantially boost WSOD to new state-of-the-art performance. The codes have been released at: https://github.com/XiaoxFeng/IENet.
METRIC REGULARITY—A SURVEY PART II. APPLICATIONS

Metric regularity theory lies in the very heart of variational analysis, a relatively new discipline whose appearance was, to a large extent, determined by the needs of modern optimization theory in which such phenomena as nondifferentiability and set-valued mappings naturally appear. The roots of the theory go back to such fundamental results of the classical analysis as the implicit function theorem, Sard theorem and some others. The paper offers a survey of the state of the art of some principal parts of the theory along with a variety of its applications in analysis and optimization.
Structure and evolution of galaxy clusters: Internal dynamics of ABCG 209 at $z\;\sim$ 0.21

We study the internal dynamics of the rich galaxy cluster ABGC209 on the basis of new spectroscopic and pho- tometric data. The distribution in redshift shows that ABCG209 is a well isolated peak of 112 detected member galaxies at z = 0.209, characterised by a high value of the line-of-sight velocity dispersion, σv = 1250-1400 km s −1 , on the whole ob- served area (1 h −1 Mpc from the cluster center), that leads to a virial mass of M = 1.6-2.2 ×10 15 h −1 Mwithin the virial radius, assuming the dynamical equilibrium. The presence of a velocity gradient in the velocity field, the elongation in the spatial distribution of the colour-selected likely cluster members, the elongation of the X-ray contour levels in the Chandra image, and the elongation of cD galaxy show that ABCG209 is characterised by a preferential NW-SE direction. We also find a significant deviation of the velocity distribution from a Gaussian, and relevant evidence of substructure and dynamical segregation. All these facts show that ABCG209 is a strongly evolving cluster, possibly in an advanced phase of merging.