Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YOGHURT PREPARED BY USING LOCAL ISOLATED AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTED STARTER CULTURE

present study was designed to evaluate the local isolated starter culture for the preparation of yoghurt. The yoghurt prepared from this starter culture was compared for various chemical and sensory characteristics with yoghurt prepared from commercial imported starter culture. Locally isolated starter culture and commercial imported culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in combination of 1:1 with dose levels of 1.50, 2.00, 2.50 and 3.00 %), were used for the preparation of yoghurt. These yoghurt samples were stored for 15 days in refrigeration and tested for chemical and sensory characteristics. Acidity of the both type of yoghurt samples was significantly affected by storage period and concentration of starter culture. Total solids decreased gradually during the storage in both types of sample. Lactose content of the samples manifested a decreasing trend but fat % did not change during storage. Yoghurt samples prepared from local isolated culture were found equally good as compared with yoghurts prepared from commercial imported starter cultures for their sensory attributes. Mix culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus may be prepared and used for yoghurt production in 1:1 ratio at the rate of 2.00-2.50 %.
Comparative study of text representation and learning for Persian named entity recognition

Transformer models have had a great impact on natural language processing (NLP) in recent years by realizing outstanding and efficient contextualized language models. Recent studies have used transformer‐based language models for various NLP tasks, including Persian named entity recognition (NER). However, in complex tasks, for example, NER, it is difficult to determine which contextualized embedding will produce the best representation for the tasks. Considering the lack of comparative studies to investigate the use of different contextualized pretrained models with sequence modeling classifiers, we conducted a comparative study about using different classifiers and embedding models. In this paper, we use different transformer‐based language models tuned with different classifiers, and we evaluate these models on the Persian NER task. We perform a comparative analysis to assess the impact of text representation and text classification methods on Persian NER performance. We train and evaluate the models on three different Persian NER datasets, that is, MoNa, Peyma, and Arman. Experimental results demonstrate that XLM‐R with a linear layer and conditional random field (CRF) layer exhibited the best performance. This model achieved phrase‐based F‐measures of 70.04, 86.37, and 79.25 and word‐based F scores of 78, 84.02, and 89.73 on the MoNa, Peyma, and Arman datasets, respectively. These results represent state‐of‐the‐art performance on the Persian NER task.
Pavlov: Vivisectionist of the Mind

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) experimentally demonstrated a conditioned reflex mediated in the brain, conditioned in the sense that it was learned and unconscious. This discovery was the unintended result of his medical research program directed at gastric functions. The discovery of the reflex, and the associated experimental methods, constitute a paradigm that had a major influence of experimental psychology during the 20th century. The history of Pavlov’s discoveries takes place at a complex intersection of scientific progress, at the confluence of biological science and the unintended consequences that some discoveries had on traditional cultural beliefs. The role that physiology plays in Pavlov’s story points to the age old and on going problem of the relationship between the mind and body. Pavlov’s discovery unintentionally threatened the traditional understanding of the mind-body relationship, specifically the beliefs about free will and unconscious motivation. Pavlov’s discovery fostered continuous research for over one hundred years to date. In the 21st century Pavlov’s methods may again prove useful for the emerging science of neurogastroenterology. Pavlov: viviseccionista de la mente
Experiences of educated youth exposed to domestic violence: Social impact to their lives

The number of cases of domestic violence against women and children in Indonesia has escalated year by year. Various studies have revealed the impact of family violence on children, but few have sought to investigate the sociological lives of youth who have been exposed to domestic violence since childhood. This study aimed to reveal the experiences of educated youth who are exposed to domestic violence and its impact on them. This study used a qualitative method. The research informants were educated youth who had been victims of domestic violence and were currently students in the university. The results showed that children who were victims of exposure to violence had bad experiences throughout their lives. They recorded domestic violence from childhood to growing up. They believe that parents and families are parties that are unable to provide protection. In addition, exposure to violence also causes mental health disorders, poor psychological conditions, and thoughts of refusing to marry. This study concludes that exposure to domestic violence has a serious impact on children’s social development because from childhood to adulthood they grow up in a violence zone.
Entrepreneurial creativity and intention: Structural equation modelling among university students

The context of this research aims to analyse the effects of entrepreneurial creativity (EC) empirically on entrepreneurial intention through structural equation modelling by proposing and testing the model that has been developed previously developed. The goal of this study is to understand some of the determinants of entrepreneurial intention among university students consisting of 1,035 respondents. The research findings by testing EC and entrepreneurial intention (EI) models show that student creativity at the university has a very high level of significance in influencing students’ own entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, it is followed by creativity within family and the individuals’ creativity. The research findings will later become recommendations and options for campus policy in fostering student EI, especially for university students. Keywords: Entrepreneurial creativity, entrepreneurial intention, structural equation modeling (SEM)
Baclofen-Induced Coma Reversible by Dialysis in a Patient Affected by Acute Kidney Injury

Baclofen is commonly used to treat muscular spasticity and other conditions such as pain, alcohol withdrawal, and myoclonus. It is contraindicated in chronic kidney disease. As it is eliminated predominantly by the kidneys, acute kidney injury can lead to acute baclofen overdose with central nervous system affection due to drug accumulation. Currently, there is no consensus about the treatment of baclofen intoxication.A 67-year-old woman was admitted with altered mental status and vomiting. Initially, she was unresponsive/lethargic and kept the intermittent ability of nonverbal communication gradually sliding into a comatose state with apneas. Initial neurologic and radiologic examinations ruled out a structural lesion of the central nervous system. Laboratory data showed acute kidney injury and suspected urinary tract infection with extremely high inflammation parameters. The patient had a history of multiple sclerosis and received daily oral baclofen. Baclofen-induced coma secondary to baclofen overdose caused by renal insufficiency was suspected and renal dialysis started within 24 hours. Cystoscopy and implantation of a ureteric stent were necessary because of obstructive nephropathy. During hemodialysis, the patient’s mental status steadily improved. The patient woke up and was oriented and cooperative. Both clinical and laboratory data were widely normalized within days.Diagnosis of baclofen overdose can be challenging, but adequate supportive therapy, including hemodialysis, should be considered to reduce the length of comatose state and the risk of aspiration pneumonia.
Neurological Surveillance in Moderate-Late Preterm Infants—Results from a Dutch–Canadian Survey

Preterm birth remains an important cause of abnormal neurodevelopment. While the majority of preterm infants are born moderate-late preterm (MLPT; 32–36 weeks), international and national recommendations on neurological surveillance in this population are lacking. We conducted an observational quantitative survey among Dutch and Canadian neonatal level I–III centres (June 2020–August 2021) to gain insight into local clinical practices on neurological surveillance in MLPT infants. All centres caring for MLPT infants designated one paediatrician/neonatologist to complete the survey. A total of 85 out of 174 (49%) qualifying neonatal centres completed the survey (60 level I–II and 25 level III centres). Admission of MLPT infants was based on infant-related criteria in 78/85 (92%) centres. Cranial ultrasonography to screen the infant’s brain for abnormalities was routinely performed in 16/85 (19%) centres, while only on indication in 39/85 (46%). In 57/85 (67%) centres, neurological examination was performed at least once during admission. Of 85 centres, 51 (60%) followed the infants’ development post-discharge, with follow-up duration ranging from 1–52 months of age. The survey showed a wide variety in neurological surveillance in MLPT infants among Dutch and Canadian neonatal centres. Given the risk for short-term morbidity and long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities, future studies are required to investigate best practices for in-hospital care and follow-up of MLPT infants.
Real-World Treatments and Clinical Outcomes in Advanced NSCLC without Actionable Mutations after Introduction of Immunotherapy in Japan

Simple Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment patterns and real-world clinical outcomes since immunotherapy was introduced in Japan as the initial (first-line) therapy for treating patients with lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Japan. For 1182 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, the survival rate at two years after starting first-line therapy was 40% with platinum doublet chemotherapy, 58% with immunotherapy, and 31% with nonplatinum regimens. The results of this large study enabled us to describe the characteristics of a real-world patient population, together with the treatment patterns for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and clinical outcomes from real-world settings, where most patients receive treatment. Most first-line therapies were administered in accordance with contemporaneous national treatment guidelines, and the study findings indicate improvement in real-world clinical outcomes for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer since the introduction of first-line immunotherapy. Abstract The aims of this study were to describe systemic treatment patterns and clinical outcomes for unresectable advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by first-line regimen type in real-world clinical settings in Japan after the introduction of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy in 2017. Using retrospective chart review at 23 study sites, we identified patients ≥20 years old initiating first-line systemic therapy from 1 July 2017 to 20 December 2018, for unresectable stage IIIB/C or IV NSCLC; the data cutoff was 30 September 2019. Eligible patients had recorded programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) and no known actionable EGFR/ALK/ROS1/BRAF genomic alteration. Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine time-to-event endpoints. Of 1208 patients, 647 patients (54%) received platinum doublet, 463 (38%) received ICI monotherapy, and 98 (8%) received nonplatinum cytotoxic regimen as first-line therapy. PD-L1 TPS was ≥50%, 1–49% and <1% for 44%, 30%, and 25% of patients, respectively. Most patients with PD-L1 TPS ≥50% received ICI monotherapy (453/529; 86%). Excluding 26 patients with ECOG performance status of 3–4 from outcome analyses, the median patient follow-up was 11.3 months. With first-line platinum doublet, ICI monotherapy, and nonplatinum cytotoxic regimens, median overall survival (OS) was 16.3 months (95% CI, 14.0–20.1 months), not reached, and 14.4 months (95% CI, 10.3–21.2 months), respectively; 24-month OS was 40%, 58%, and 31%, respectively. Differences in OS relative to historical cohort data reported in Japan are consistent with improvement over time in real-world clinical outcomes for advanced NSCLC.
Sport supplement use among high school rugby players in South Africa: A scoping review

Background The use of sport supplements has increased for all types and levels of sport, with an estimated increase of 5.8% annually. Sport supplement usage and doping among high school athletes has increased over the years to meet the demands of the sports. Objective This scoping review identifies the trends and gaps in current literature regarding sport supplement use among high school rugby players in South Africa. Methods A search was conducted using six electronic databases, namely Oxford Academic, Emerald Publishing, ResearchGate, SABINET, PubMed and Google Scholar. The eligibility of the articles was determined by means of a PRISMA flow diagram with the following inclusion criteria: (1) research concerning supplement use among rugby players, (2) research concerning supplement use among high school rugby players. Five articles all comprising of cross-sectional study designs were included in this scoping review. Results The prevalence of sport supplement use among adolescent rugby players ranged from 30% to 45%. Protein supplements (31% – 79%) were the most commonly identified supplement used among adolescent rugby players with the aim to improve sport performance as the most common reason for use. The internet (74%) and magazines (72%), followed by coaches comments (28% to 30%), were given as the most common sources of information. Conclusion The use of sport supplements is increasing among high school athletes due to the belief that these substances will provide sporting performance benefits or enhance the competitive ‘edge’ of these athletes. Additional education regarding the safety of supplements is necessary to lower the incidences of doping among young athletes and avoid the adverse health effects that uncontrolled supplement use can cause.
Influence of Magnetic Fields on Precipitating Solar Wind Hydrogen at Mars

Solar wind protons can interact directly with the hydrogen corona of Mars through charge exchange, resulting in energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) able to penetrate deep into the upper atmosphere of Mars. ENAs can undergo multiple charge changing interactions, leading to an observable beam of penetrating protons in the upper atmosphere. We seek to characterize the behavior of these protons in the presence of magnetic fields using data collected by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft. We find that backscattered penetrating proton flux is enhanced in regions where the magnetic field strength is greater than 200 nT. We also find a strong correlation at CO2 column densities less than 5.5 × 1014 cm−2 between magnetic field strength and the observed backscattered and downward flux. We do not see significant changes in penetrating proton flux with magnetic field strengths on the order of 10 nT.
Investıgatıon of The Relatıonshıp Between Physıcal Actıvıty and Socıal Medıa Addıctıon in Adults

The study was designed as a descriptive-relational study. The study was carried out in Konya city center, Selçuklu district. The population of the study consisted of adults between the ages of 18-65 living in Selçuklu district of Konya province. The sample size of the study consists of 163 adults. The social media addiction scale mean score of the participants was 69.11 ± 15.92. When the social media addiction scale mean score was compared according to the physical activity level of the participants, the social media addiction score mean of those who were the physically inactive was found to be higher than the social media addiction scale score mean of those who were low physical activity level, and the difference was found to be statistically significant. In terms of physical inactivity, it was found that women, those who are married, and those who perceived their health to be moderate were more inactive.
Perceptions on M-Learning through WhatsApp application

Mobile learning is an emerging platform for students to learn through smartphones. Though introduced ten years back this mode of learning is gaining importance. With the prevalence of smartphones use in medical college campuses among the students and faculty, it has become an interesting and immediate tool to be imparted into teaching learning programs. Here in this study we used one of the mobile communication Application the WhatsApp to disseminate subject contents during the study leave period of our I MBBS students. Objectives: To determine the perceptions of this WhatsApp learning methodology as a M-learning tool to teach physiology. Methods: I MBBS students (n=106) participated in this study. Group admin posted optimal contents as short messages through the WhatsApp every evening. At the end of 40days with the completion of the portion pertaining to practical physiology, a questionnaire was designed in google forms and posted into the group with a request for everyone to submit their responses. Responses were populated in a google spreadsheet and then analysed to be reported in percentage of the total. The open ended question was qualitatively analysed and themes identified. Results: Most of the participants liked M-learning through WhatsApp. There is an immediate acceptance of M-learning methodology by our medical students. Conclusion: The positive attitude towards M-learning among medical students is very promising for a paradigm shift of E-learning to M-learning. With rapid advancement of mobile technology and the availability of smartphones in every students hand we conclude that there is big scope for this methodology to be used for medical education. Keywords: M-learning, Medical education, Physiology
Behavioral inhibition as an early life predictor of callous-unemotional traits

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits predict behavioral problems in adolescence. But little is known about early modulatory factors. Behavioral Inhibition (BI) in particular has been suggested to protect against the development of CU-traits. This temperamental predisposition is characterized by heightened environmental sensitivity. The current prospective longitudinal study examined whether BI at 15 months of age predicted lower CU-traits across development to age 21. A longitudinal sample of normatively developing children (n = 125) was used. BI was assessed at 15 months using a standard stranger/robot paradigm. CU-traits were assessed at 2, 5, 9, 12, 14, 17, and 21 years with parent, teacher, and self-reports. Developmental pathways across all available data points were examined using Bayesian mixed models and k-means cluster analysis. Infant BI predicted lower CU-traits across development for girls, suggesting that BI buffers the long-term development of CU-traits for girls. CU-traits peaked in early adulthood. Boys scored higher and showed higher increases in CU-traits than girls from childhood onward. There was no gender difference regarding infant BI. Together, the findings demonstrated gender differences in the development of CU-traits, with a protective role of BI for girls. These results shed new light on the developmental trajectories and protective factors of CU-traits and provide starting points for interventions aiming at increasing children’s responsiveness to external cues to prevent antisocial traits and conduct problems.
Multiproxy analysis constraining climatic control over the Cenozoic depositional history of Kachchh, Western India

A well‐developed 86 m‐thick Cenozoic sedimentary succession in the Matanomadh area, western Kachchh, was studied to assess the stratigraphic positions of different units, ascertain depositional environments, and the degree of climatic controls over time depositional processes. Age‐diagnostic nannoplankton species Cyclicargolithus floridanus (46.29–12.1 Ma), Reticulofenestra dictyoda (53–30.8 Ma), Reticulofenestra minuta (50.5–2.59 Ma) and foraminiferal species, for example, Orbulinoides beckmanni (41–39.5 Ma) found across studied units envisage the stratigraphic age and palaeoenvironment. CaO with strong negative elemental correlation, binary/ternary discriminant tectonic and depositional regimes cross‐plot from units indicate the biogenic origin of limestones and shales were formed in typical passive, marginal, shallow littoral settings with plausible detritus influx from Deccan basaltic provenance. Total organic carbon with TE‐REE respectively connotes a sedimentation process in a nearly consistent open shallow marine, locally transient semi‐restricted marginal basin in a tropical‐equatorial region. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) of weathering indices based on elemental abundance and X‐ray diffraction data of clays deterministically suggest with empirical relation between humid tropical climate‐induced weathering and fluctuant terrestrial influx. Palaeoredox indices with biological data demonstrate localized redox‐stratified conditions. However, coherent signatures of the global events such as Eocene Thermal Maximum‐2, Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum, and Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum can be traced and validated by synthesizing geochemical data for direct/indirect estimation of sediment routing, rainfall (αAlMg and αAlCa) and climate proxies (PCA), productivity indices (Babio, Cubio and Nibio), and localized periodic oxic‐dysoxic environment (V/Cr, U/Th, Ni/Co) from core samples.