Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic particle approximations for generalized Boltzmann models and convergence estimates

fied Boltzmann equation with general motion between collisions and nonlinear bounded jump (collision) operator, and give the nonlinear martingale problem it solves. We consider various linear interacting particle systems in order to approximate this nonlinear process. We prove propagation of chaos, in variation norm on path space with a precise rate of convergence, using coupling and interaction graph techniques and a representation of the nonlinear process on a Boltzmann tree. No regularity nor uniqueness assumption is needed. We then consider a nonlinear equation with both Vlasov and Boltzmann terms and give a weak pathwise propagation of chaos result using a compactness-uniqueness method which necessitates some regularity. These results imply functional laws of large numbers and extend to multitype models. We give algorithms simulating or approximating the particle systems. 1. Framework and main results. The Boltzmann equation describes the evolution of the limit density f(t, x, v) of molecules of a rarefied gas at time t, position x and speed v; f is positive and f f(t, x, v) dx dv = 1. It is given by
Towards a myocardial contraction force reconstruction technique for heart disease assessment and therapy planning

Cardiac ischemic injuries can be classified into two main categories: reversible and irreversible. Treatment of reversible damages is possible through revascularization therapies. Clinically, it is quite vital to determine the reversibility of ischemic injuries and local efficiency using accurate diagnostics techniques. For this purpose, a number of imaging techniques have been developed. To our knowledge, while some of these techniques are capable of assessing tissue viability which is believed to be correlated with ischemic injuries reversibility, none of them are capable of providing information about local myocardial tissue efficiency. Note that this efficiency indicates the local tissue contribution to the overall (global) heart mechanical function which is characterized by parameters such as ejection fraction. While contraction force generation of the myocardium is a reliable and straightforward mechanical measure for the local myocardium functionality, it is also hypothesized that the level of damage reversibility expected from therapy is proportional to the intensity and distribution of these forces. As such this research involves developing a new imaging technique for cardiac contraction force quantification. This work is also geared towards another application, namely Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT), specifically for electrode leads configuration optimization. The latter has not been tackled through a systematic technique thus far. In the proposed method, contraction force reconstruction is accomplished by an inverse problem algorithm solved through an optimization framework which uses forward mechanical modelling of the myocardium iteratively to obtain the contraction forces field. As a result, the method requires a forward mechanical model of the myocardium which is computationally efficient and robust against divergence. Therefore, we developed such a model which considers all aspects of the myocardial mechanics including hyperelasticity, anisotropy, and active contraction forces of the fibers. This model assumes two major parts for the myocardium consisting background tissue and reinforcement bars simulating myocardial fibers. The finite element simulations of this model demonstrated reasonably good performance in mimicking left ventricle (LV) contractile function.
Integrating Human Decisions in the Presence of Byzantines: An Evolutionary Game Theoretical Approach

It is an established fact that malicious users in networks are able to mislead other users since the presence of herding behaviors, which will further amplify the hazards of these malicious behaviors. Due to the aforementioned scenarios in many practical applications, the study of decision fusion in the presence of such malicious users (often called Byzantines) is receiving increasing attention. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary game theoretical framework to model the human decision making process, which is based on the statistical signal processing framework. Specifically, we derive the analytical formulation of the evolutionary dynamics and the corresponding numerical evolutionary stable states, which can be utilized to infer the hazard of Byzantines on the network. Based on the above model and the Markov nature of the evolutionary dynamics, the fusion mechanism with maximum a posteriori estimation is proposed. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to analyze the performance of the proposed human decision-∗
The Local Power of the CADF and CIPS Panel Unit Root Tests

Very little is known about the local power of second generation panel unit root tests that are robust to cross-section dependence. This article derives the local asymptotic power functions of the cross-section argumented Dickey–Fuller Cross-section Augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) and CIPS tests of Pesaran (2007), which are among the most popular tests around.
Electromagnetic—Pure Gravity Connection via Hardy’s Quantum Entanglement

Pure gravity in eight dimensional super space possesses twenty degrees of freedom. Gauging these generalized coordinates in terms of a single self entangled Hardy type quantum particle we retrieve one hundred and thirty seven isometries corresponding to the well known value of the inverse electromagnetic fine structure constant. The deep implications of this thought provoking result are discussed in a general physical context.
IAFFNet: Illumination-Aware Feature Fusion Network for All-Day RGB-Thermal Semantic Segmentation of Road Scenes

Semantic segmentation based on RGB and thermal images is an effective way to achieve an all-day understanding of road scenes. However, how to fuse the RGB and thermal information effectively remains an open problem. By studying fusion strategies at different stages, an illumination-aware feature fusion network has been developed for all-day semantic segmentation of urban road scenes in this paper, called IAFFNet. At the encoding stage, we introduce a bi-directional guided feature fusion module to effectively recalibrate and unify both RGB and thermal information. At the decoding stage, we have developed adaptive fusion modules to fuse low-level details and high-level semantic information. Finally, we have developed a decision-level illumination-aware strategy to achieve robust all-day segmentation. As far as we know, we are the first to incorporate illumination clues explicitly into RGB-T semantic segmentation. Extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate that the developed method can achieve remarkable performance on public datasets compared with state-of-the-art methods. The mIoU of all-day on a public RGB-thermal urban scene dataset has achieved 56.6%.
Coping strategy with coronavirus disease-2019 health anxiety in nursing students

BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has a lot of stress on medical students. This study was conducted to investigating the adaptation strategy with COVID-19 health anxiety in nursing students MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. Participants of the study were 431 students of the Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Inclusion criteria were studying at the time of the outbreak of COVID-19 and willingness to participate in the study. Data collection tools included participated in the study. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, Health Anxiety and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Short Form). Reliability of tools was assessed and confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of health anxiety was 0.76 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations was 0.79. Data were collected between July 2020 and September 2020. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between the data. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26. RESULTS: Findings indicated that most of the participants were female, single, 22–28 years old, and undergraduate students. The mean of COVID-19 health anxiety was 5.59 ± 17.04. Results showed that 19.58 ± 5.05 of the participants used avoidance-focused adaptation strategies, 25.12 ± 3.88 problem-focused adaptation strategies, and 19.32 ± 5.13 emotion-focused adaptation strategies. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 health anxiety was higher in female, young, and married students. The problem-focused adaptation strategy should be further taught so that students can better coping with COVID-19 health anxiety.
Confidence Intervals for the Weighted Sum of Two Independent Binomial Proportions

Confidence intervals for the difference of two binomial proportions are well known, however, confidence intervals for the weighted sum of two binomial proportions are less studied. We develop and compare seven methods for constructing confidence intervals for the weighted sum of two independent binomial proportions. The interval estimates are constructed by inverting the Wald test, the score test and the Likelihood ratio test. The weights can be negative, so our results generalize those for the difference between two independent proportions. We provide a numerical study that shows that these confidence intervals based on large‐sample approximations perform very well, even when a relatively small amount of data is available. The intervals based on the inversion of the score test showed the best performance. Finally, we show that as for the difference of two binomial proportions, adding four pseudo‐outcomes to the Wald interval for the weighted sum of two binomial proportions improves its coverage significantly, and we provide a justification for this correction.
The IMPACT of FAMILY SOCIAL CAPITAL on RESOURCE DEPLOYMENT in CHINESE ENTREPRENEURIAL FIRMS

One of the most important determinants of performance for any firm is the unique bundle of resources the company possesses. To date, however, empirical results on whether “familiness” as an element of this resource bundle has a positive or negative impact on firm performance have been mixed (Dyer, 2018; Gottardo & Moisello, 2019; Oswald et al., 2009; Pitchayado et al., 2018). This paper employs structural equation modeling to examine how entrepreneurs in China’s Zhejiang Province include members of their nuclear families, extended kin networks, and professional networks in their top management teams to access different bundles of family and non-family human resources, leading to variance in firm performance results. We find firms that leverage “guanxi” (a particular concept of kin, common in China but not often employed as a construct in western-based research, which encompasses both extended family members and close friends) for industry, technical, or entrepreneurial expertise enjoy certain types of higher performance results. In comparison, firms that leverage nuclear family members for management or marketing expertise achieve certain types of lower performance results. Post-hoc analysis indicates that leveraging guanxi specifically for prior entrepreneurial experience or for technical expertise leads to greater employee growth and higher subjective assessment of success. Conversely, leveraging nuclear family members for management or technical expertise leads to lower levels of these same performance variables. However, only firm size, measured by number of employees at venture founding, is predictive of revenue growth.
Proton elastic scattering on light nuclei. II. Nuclear structure effects

Differential cross sections for proton scattering on 61 nuclei with mass numbers between 9 and 70 were measured at 35.2 MeV incident energy. To extend previous measurements further data were collected at 29.7 MeV on 10 nuclei. From a detailed inspection of the data a definite correlation emerges between the elastic and inelastic cross section values at backward angles and the quadrupole deformation parameters . beta. /sub 2/. Nuclear structure effects are also evident at forward angles at the filling of the 1p shell. A set of mass dependent optical-model parameters which produces acceptable fits at forward angles was derived. The imaginary part was found to contain terms connected with the above structure effects. The results of this and of a coupled-channels analysis are discussed.
Renal diseases associated with multiple sclerosis: A narrative review

The mechanisms of renal pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS) can be related to the disease itself or its treatment. Although kidney disease can be associated with MS, not much has been reported in the literature; hence, our study aimed to describe the prevalence and types of renal diseases and discuss their prognosis in patients with MS. A literature search (2012–2022) was performed using the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles. The databases searched included MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE. Fourteen articles from these databases met the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were as follows: publications with full-text access. Articles published in English. Original articles related to renal diseases in MS. The prevalence of renal diseases in MS from the articles obtained ranged from 0.74% to 2.49%. Interferon beta (IFN-β)-associated glomerulonephritis was common among the reviewed articles. Significant improvement and resolution of the pathology were observed after the discontinuation of the offending medication. Renal symptoms in 2 out of 4 cases with renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) induced by interferon-beta progressed to chronic kidney disease, even after the drug was stopped. Other studied renal pathologies included nephrolithiasis secondary to urinary retention and urinary catheter use in patients with MS.
Book Review: Doméstica: Immigrant Workers Cleaning and Caring in the Shadows of Affluence. By Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001, $59.95 (cloth), $19.95 (paper).

and new school administrations provide additional challenges to everyday inner-city living. Faced with stereotypes about race, parenting, and cultural values of education and motherhood, these inner-city mothers nevertheless strive valiantly to maintain a supportive home learning environment for their children. Rosier includes her own experiences, woven intricately into the women’s stories, with child raising as a single parent. The stories provided here challenge popular lore regarding African American, inner-city women and their parenting styles. Rosier’s narrative is compelling and persuasive, enhanced by her detailed and reflexive discussion of methods. This book would be useful for a number of sociology courses such as stratification, race, and education, and it is an exemplar of narrative analysis in a general methods or qualitative methods course. Susan E. Chase and Mary F. Rogers’s Mothers and Children illuminates the complexity and diversity present within motherhood. Each of the three sections within this edited book provides extensive, well-documented historical and theoretical information about motherhood. The contributors show that motherhood can be understood as a political act, covering topics such as the relationships between mothers and children, feminism and motherhood, nonmothers, other mothering, and the powerful image of the bad mother. The analytical chapters of this book are divided thematically into three sections: “Social Construction of Motherhood,” “Maternal Bodies,” and “Mothering in Everyday Life. ” Personal narratives by varied authors appear at the end of each chapter and provide a real face to the abstract theoretical and historical discussions of mothers’ lives. Mothers and Children is a comprehensive resource on the topic of motherhood and could be used as a textbook in courses on the family, motherhood, and feminist theory. In addition to providing rich sociohistorical information about mothers and motherhood, the narratives included in each chapter are an added bonus—acting as a reader that would accompany such a textbook separately. All three of these books are evidence that sociological research can be powerful. These works flesh out the real-life experiences of mothers, which have often been ignored. Mothers are shown as determined, working actively to find solutions to the problems they face in the contemporary United States. Individually and collectively, they increase our understanding of the complexities involved in carework such as mothering.
Evaluation Of The Neural Network Object Detection In Multi-Modal Images

: This paper studies the information gain of various data domains that are commonly used in the modern Advanced Driving Assistant Systems (ADAS) to develop robust systems that would increase trafﬁc safety. We could see a fast growth of many Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) based solutions during the last several years. These methods are state-of-the-art in object detection and semantic scene segmentation. We created a small annotated dataset of synchronized RGB, grayscale, thermal, and depth map images and used the modern DCNN framework tool to evaluate the object detection robustness of different data domains and their information gain process understanding the surrounding environment of the semi-autonomous driving agent.
Strong Evidence for Stochastic Growth of Langmuir-Like Waves in Earth's Foreshock

Bursty Langmuir-like waves driven by electron beams in Earth's foreshock have properties which are inconsistent with the standard plasma physics paradigm of uniform exponential growth saturated by nonlinear processes. Here it is demonstrated for a specific period that stochastic growth theory (SGT) quantitatively describes these waves throughout a large fraction of the foreshock. The statistical wave properties are inconsistent with nonlinear processes or self-organized criticality being important. SGT's success in explaining the foreshock waves and type III solar bursts suggests that SGT is widely applicable to wave growth in space, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas.
Morphological Characteristics and Phylogeny Reveal Six New Species in Russula Subgenus Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales) from Yanshan Mountains, North China

Species of the genus Russula are key components of ectomycorrhizal ecosystems worldwide, some of which are famous edible fungi. Although many new species have been described in China, their diversity in North China is still poorly known. Based on the morphology observation of specimens and molecular phylogenetic analyses, combined with the current classification frame of Russula, six new species of Russula subgenus Russula are proposed from the Yanshan Mountains in northern Beijing and northern Hebei Province of China in this study: viz. Russula miyunensis (subsection Chamaeleontinae), R. plana (subsection Chamaeleontinae), R. sinoparva (subsection Puellarinae), R. sinorobusta (subsection Puellarinae), R. subversatilis (subsection Roseinae), and R. yanshanensis (subsection Puellarinae). This is the first report of the species of Russula subgenus Russula from the Yanshan Mountains. This study enriches the species diversity of Russula in North China and provides new data support for the systematic study of Russula in subsequent research, including research and development on edibility.
On the length of a Hilbert ascending chain

It is shown that if a bound f(i) is placed on the degrees of the elements in some basis of an ideal Ai in the polynomial ring k[X1, * * * , X. over the field k, i=0, 1, 2, * * *, then a bound can be placed on the length of a strictly ascending chain Ao <AI < * . Moreover one could explicitly write down a formula for a bound gn in terms of f and n. In a polynomial ring R = k [X1, i , X. ] over a field k any strictly ascending chain of ideals Ao<Al< * is finite, but in general no bound can be placed on the length of such an ascending chain, even if we impose on the Ai the condition that they have a basis of monomials. It is plausible to conjecture, however, that if any sort of a priori bound f(i) is placed on the degrees of the elements of a basis of Ai, then the length of a chain Ao<A1< . is bounded. In [2, p. 56, Theorem 10] we proved this in the case the Ai have monomial bases; here, we drop this condition, proving the theorem quite generally. THEOREM. Let f(i) be a nonnegative integer for i = 0, 1, and consider ascending chains of ideals A o < A 1 < . < A in k [X1, * * * Xn ] where Ai has a basis of elements of degree <f(i). Then there is an integer gn depending only on f and n such that the length of any such chain is < g,. Moreover one could explicitly write down a formula for gn in terms of f and n. For the proof, we note that the theorem is trivially true for n =0 and obviously true for n = 1. We make an induction on n. We recall some basic results of G. Hermann [1 ] on computability in a polynomial ring k [X1, * * . , Xn I (for suitable k). Given an ideal 2f in k[X]=k[Xi, *, Xn] via a basis (f', * * *, f8) and an fEk[X], Hermann has shown how to decide whether f E f; and if it is, how to construct gi, * * * , g8 in k [X] such that f=g1fi+ * * * +g,8f. Given two ideals ? 1, 53 via bases, she has also shown how to construct 2QPW and f1:53. Moreover, she has shown how to construct an irredundant primary decomposition W=01r5 * * * r(5t of the ideal 2t. Explicit Received by the editors October 27, 1970. AMS 1970 subject classifications. Primary 13B25, 13E99; Secondary 13B20.
Frequency of Contamination on Used Healing Abutments after Sterilization. An In Vitro Study.

PURPOSE To determine and compare the frequency of contamination on different sites of healing abutments after sterilization with Phloxine B dye on unused and used healing abutments after sterilization. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 60 healing abutments were divided into two test groups: (1) used and sterilized and (2) a control group (unused). The test group was evaluated for contamination after sterilization; the control group did not undergo any procedure. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency of contamination in the different groups and at the different healing abutment sites. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association of frequency of contamination with the site and design of the healing abutment. The level of significance was kept at P ≤ . 01. RESULTS The test group showed more contamination compared to the control. The most contaminated sites were the screw thread and the screwdriver engagement location. CONCLUSION Reuse of healing abutments is cost-effective, but cleaning and sterilization was not effective for these components; thus, healing abutments need to be reused with caution as they were heavily contaminated when compared to new healing abutments. Among the different sites, the screw thread and screwdriver engagement sites were more prone to contamination. Healing abutment type did not influence the frequency of contamination.