Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic and Microestructural Evidence for T-2 Toxin Adsorption Mechanism by Natural Bentonite Modified with Organic Cations

Aluminosilicates are adsorbents able to bind mycotoxins, and their chemical modification increases their affinity to adsorb low-polarity mycotoxins. To further investigate if the inclusion of salts in bentonite modifies its adsorptive capacity, we studied T-2 toxin adsorption in natural bentonite (NB) and when modified with quaternary ammonium salts differing in polarity and chain length: myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (B14), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (B16) and benzyl dimethyl stearyl ammonium chloride (B18). The results showed that quaternary salts made bentonite: displace monovalent (Na+1, K+1) and divalent (Mg+2, Ca+2) ions; reduce its porosity; change its compaction and structure, becoming more crystalline and ordered; and modify the charge balance of sheets. T-2 adsorption was higher in all modified materials compared to NB (p ≤ 0.0001), and B16 (42.96%) better adsorbed T-2 compared to B18 (35.80%; p = 0.0066). B14 (38.40%) showed no differences compared to B16 and B18 (p > 0.05). We described the T-2 adsorption mechanism in B16, in which hydrogen bond interactions, Van der Waals forces and the replacement of the salt by T-2 were found. Our results showed that interaction types due to the inclusion in B16 might be more important than the hydrocarbon chain length to improve the adsorptive capacity of bentonite.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Exosomal Cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 in Polytrauma Patients

Trauma remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Polytraumatized patients need a precise, early diagnosis to avoid complications such as multiorgan failure or sepsis. Inflammatory cytokines, commonly used for diagnosis, have a short half-life, which limits their efficacy as a diagnostic or prognostic marker. In this study, we hypothesized that cytokines in exosomes could have a longer half-life, and therefore could be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers in polytrauma patients. Plasma samples from polytraumatized patients (ISS ≥ 16, n = 18) were collected in the emergency room (ER) 1, 2, 3 and 5 days after trauma. Plasma-exosomes were isolated via size exclusion chromatography from polytraumatized patients and healthy volunteers (n = 10). The systemic and exosomal concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1β and TNF were measured using high-sensitive ELISAs. To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of exosomal cytokines, data were correlated with clinical outcome parameters (injury severity, ventilation time, time in ICU and survival) documented in the patients’ electronic records. Despite the use of high-sensitive ELISAs, IL-1β and TNF alpha were not detected in exosomes. IL-6 and IL-10 were detectable in polytraumatized patient exosomes at all time points. A decrease over time of both systemic and exosomal IL-6 concentrations was observed. Furthermore, exosomal and systemic IL-6 concentrations moderately correlated (r = 0.63). Exosomal IL-6 in the ER moderately correlated with the Injury Severity Score (ISS) (mean 35.5 ± 11.5) (r = 0.45) and was associated with non-survival in polytrauma patients (p < 0.05). In contrast to IL-6, no correlation between systemic and exosomal IL-10 concentrations was found. Exosomal IL-10 concentrations remained unchanged throughout the observation time, whereas systemic IL-10 concentrations peaked in the ER and were significantly reduced after 24 h. Data from this study support our hypothesis that some cytokines (IL-10), but not all (IL-6), are detectable in exosomes significantly longer than they are in plasma. This might indicate that they are protected from degradation. Although we did not find a correlation between IL-10 exosomal concentration and patient outcome, our data confirm that exosomal cytokines are of interest as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in polytrauma patients, and require further detailed research.
Laser-Doppler Anemometry in Turbulent Boundary Layers Induced by Different Tripping Devices Compared with Recent Theories

The boundary layer characteristics are affected by factors such as freestream turbulence intensity, pressure gradient, tripping device, surface roughness, etc. In the present study, to ensure having turbulent boundary layer, tripping devices were installed close to the leading edge of the flat plate to induce turbulence under different pressure gradients. The effects of the different tripping devices and pressure gradients on the boundary layer characteristics were studied experimentally using the laser-Doppler anemometry (LDA) for flow Reynolds number Reθ ≤ 4×10 where Reθ is based on the momentum thickness and the free stream velocity. Three different tripping devices [DYMO brand embossing tape letter X (0.7×5 mm, height×width) and sand stripes of different heights (A: 0.17×10 mm and B: 1.8×10 mm, height×width)] were fixed, separately, 100 mm from the leading edge of the plate in the spanwise direction. The wall skin friction data were obtained utilizing the Clauser chart and then used to normalize the mean velocity profiles. Tripping effects were found to be remarkable at higher Reθ, while the differences are negligible at lower Reθ. The normalized mean velocity profiles were found to be well represented by the power law proposed by Barenblatt (1997) and poorly representing the power law of Zagarola and Smits (1998). The power law coefficients in the overlap region and in the region adjacent to the external flow were observed to depend on both the roughness height and the pressure gradient as well as the Reθ.
Determining interface properties limiting open-circuit voltage in heterojunction solar cells

The development of new thin-film photovoltaic (PV) absorbers is often hindered by the search for an optimal heterojunction contact; an unoptimized contact may be mistaken for poor quality of the underlying absorber, making it difficult to assess the reasons for poor performance. Therefore, quantifying the loss in device efficiency and open-circuit voltage (VOC) as a result of the interface is a critical step in evaluating a new material. In the present work, we fabricate thin-film PV devices using cuprous oxide (Cu2O), with several different n-type heterojunction contacts. Their current-voltage characteristics are measured over a range of temperatures and illumination intensities (JVTi). We quantify the loss in VOC due to the interface and determine the effective energy gap at the interface. The effective interface gap measured by JVTi matches the gap measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, albeit with higher energy resolution and an order of magnitude faster. We discuss potential artifacts in JVTi .
Design and analysis of biomedical studies

Damages to our DNA in terms of DNA strand breaks can be assessed with a technique known as the Comet assay. The experimental design of Comet assay studies are often hierarchically structured, however it does not seem to be commonly accounted for in the statistical analysis. Disregarding the hierarchical structure inflates the type I error rate considerably. Different combinations of the factors as they appear in a litera- ture study result in type I error rates up to 0.51 and for all combinations the type I error rate is greater than the nominal α at 0.05. Closed-form expressions based on scaled F-distributions using the Welch-Satterthwaite approximation are derived to examine in which way the type I error rate is affected. These results are intended to motivate re- searchers to reconsider the analysis of hierarchical data when needed. Introduction Damage to our DNA occurs continuously due to both endogenous (e.g. metabolic pro- cesses) and exogenous (e.g. environmental agents) factors. DNA repair mechanisms are effective and constantly active, but some damages are irreparable. Accumulation of damages to the DNA may eventually become hazardous, as it may lead to unregulated cell division and tumors may evolve. The Comet assay is a rapid and sensitive tech- nique for measuring DNA strand breaks within mammalian cells. The name of the assay originates from the images of comet-like structures that emerge due to DNA migration during electrophoresis of treated cells. A common design of the in vivo Comet assay entails hierarchically structured data. However, this does not seem to be accounted for in the statistical analysis. This led us to investigate the implications in terms of the type I error rate when the hierarchical structure of the data is disregarded. The aim of this study was to to provide closed- form expressions for the type I error rate and to investigate whether the type I error rate considerably exceeded the nominal α . It is our hope that the results of this study can be used to motivate researchers to reconsider the statistical analysis when relevant. As similarly structured data appear in various research areas the results of this study may be equally relevant in other fields. 80 Assessment of the type I error rate when ignoring the hierarchical structure of in vivo Comet assay data
Deconfinement of spinons in frustrated spin systems: Spectral perspective

Based on the mapping between $s=1/2$ spin operators and hard-core bosons, we extend the cluster perturbation theory to spin systems and study the whole excitation spectrum of the antiferromagnetic $J_{1}$-$J_{2}$ Heisenberg model on the square lattice. In the Neel phase for $J_{2}\lesssim0. 4J_{1}$, in addition to the dominant magnon excitation, there is an obvious continuum close to $(\pi,0)$ in the Brillouin zone indicating the deconfined spin-1/2 spinon excitations. In the stripe phase for $J_{2}\gtrsim0. 6J_{1}$, we find similar high-energy two-spinon continuums at $(\pi/2,\pi/2)$ and $(\pi/2,\pi)$, respectively. The intermediate phase is characterized by a spectrum with completely deconfined broad continuum, which is attributed to a $Z_{2}$ quantum spin liquid with the aid of a variational-Monte-Carlo analysis.
Décomposition des difféomorphismes du tore en applications déviant la verticale (avec un appendice en collaboration avec Jean-Marc Gambaudo)

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Investigation on the Radar Scattering and Doppler Spectrum From Trimaran Based on the Motion of Six Degrees of Freedom

The trimaran is an advanced ship with high hydrodynamic performance, but the study of its electromagnetic characteristics and Doppler spectrum is insufficient. This study presents a new procedure for evaluating the scattering echo and Doppler spectrum of a trimaran in a time-varying ocean environment. First, based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, the interpolation wave-making method is proposed for the prediction of the six degrees of freedom motion of the trimaran. The method takes into account the viscous effect of the flow field and the complexity of wave motion, which applies to the seakeeping prediction of high-speed trimaran under different sea states. Second, an accelerated geometrical optics and physical optics algorithm using the light source function (GO-PO/LSF) is proposed, which uses the light source function to realize the visibility judgment of surfaces and greatly reduces the computation time. Then, the influence of different motion conditions on the backscattering echo of the composite scene is demonstrated by the capillary wave modification facet scattering model and GO-PO/LSF. Finally, the Doppler spectrum characteristics of the trimaran are presented by the standard spectrum estimation method, which provides a reference for radar detection and identification of ships in the microwave band.
Methodologies to Evaluate the Micromechanics Flexural Strength Properties of Natural-Fiber-Reinforced Composites: The Case of Abaca-Fiber-Reinforced Bio Polyethylene Composites

There is growing emphasis on developing green composites as a substitute for oil-based materials. In the pursuit of studying and enhancing the mechanical properties of these composites, tensile tests are predominantly employed, often overlooking the flexural properties. This study focuses on researching the flexural properties of abaca-fiber-reinforced bio-based high-density polyethylene (BioPE) composites. Specifically, composites containing 30 wt% of abaca fiber (AF) were treated with a coupling agent based on polyethylene functionalized with maleic acid (MAPE). The test results indicate that incorporating 8 wt% of the coupling agent significantly improved the flexural strength of the composites. Thereafter, composites with AF content ranging from 20 to 50 wt% were produced and subjected to flexural testing. It was observed that flexural strength was positively correlated with AF content. A micromechanics analysis was conducted to evaluate the contributions of the phases. This analysis involved assessing the mechanical properties of both the reinforcement and matrix to facilitate the modeling of flexural strength. The findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility of replacing oil-based matrices, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), with fully bio-based composites that exhibit comparable flexural properties to their oil-based counterparts.
Wear performance of metal parts fabricated by selective laser melting: a literature review

Selective laser melting (SLM) is one type of additive manufacturing which produces metal parts by powder bed fusion. Since the materials undergo repeated and sharp heating/cooling cycles, the SLMed parts have unique microstructures. The relations among SLM processing parameters, resultant microstructures, and mechanical properties have been investigated by many researchers. However, the wear performance of SLMed materials under various contact conditions has not been carried out until recently. This paper is a presentation of previous and recent research related to wear performance. This is a crucial aspect if SLM is to be expanded to produce friction pairs. Wear rates and mechanisms of the SLMed materials under dry, boundary lubrication, cavitation erosion, and corrosion conditions are discussed and compared with conventionally processed (CP) materials. SLMed materials benefit from fine grains and high hardness, which have higher wear resistance than CP materials. Moreover, a unique tribo-layer on the surface of the SLMed part is found to protect the bulk material under boundary lubrication conditions. An optimized combination of processing parameters increases part density, which further improves the wear resistance. Future work includes studying the influence of pores on the deforming and lubricating behaviors from dry conditions to different lubrication regimes. The final target is to actively control the processing parameters to obtain desirable material properties for improving wear performance. 概要通过对文献的综述,本文总结了已有的选区激光熔化成形件的磨损特性研究,并提出了未来的研究方向,为该技术成形摩擦副的推广提供参考。 本文通过干磨、边界润滑下的磨损、腐蚀以及冲蚀四个方面介绍了已有研究。 总体来看,选区激光熔化成形件得益于均匀细晶,高致密度成形件的磨损率普遍低于传统制造件,然而孔隙的出现将降低成形件的抗磨性能。 未来的研究内容主要包括孔隙对润滑的影响规律及其机理,以及如何通过主动控制激光工艺参数提高选区激光熔化成形件的抗磨能力。
Evaluation of the Michigan Clinical Consultation and Care Program: An Evidence-Based Approach to Perinatal Mental Healthcare

Mood and anxiety disorders affect pregnant individuals and their families at increased rates throughout the perinatal period. Geographic, financial, and social barriers often preclude adequate diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the consultation and care arms of the Michigan Clinical Consultation and Care (MC3) program, a statewide program designed to facilitate access to perinatal mental healthcare for OB/Gyn patients, and to describe the participants engaged in the program, examine the predictors of participant retention, and provide preliminary data regarding participants’ mental health outcomes. We enrolled 209 participants to the clinical care arm, of which 48 were lost to follow-up, while 107 remained enrolled at the time of data analysis. A total of 54 participants met their treatment goals. A total of 97% of participants asserted they were satisfied with the services they received. Black race and public insurance predicted faster attrition from the care arm treatment; risks for interpersonal violence exposure and substance use were unrelated to attrition. Preliminary mental health outcomes showed significant decreases in anxiety and depression, with the most dramatic decreases in the first month of treatment. Overall, the MC3 clinical care arm shows promising rates of adherence, excellent program satisfaction, and a positive impact on perinatal mental health, supporting continued program implementation and ongoing evaluation.
Does harmonization reduce the impact of SPS measures on agricultural exports? An assessment from the Chilean fruit sector

Non-tariff measures (NTMs) are relevant to agricultural trade policies, especially since trade negotiations have significantly decreased tariffs. Countries impose Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS), a technical NTM, to protect human, animal, and plant health by regulating specific food quality and safety aspects. This article aims to assess the impact of SPS measures imposed by Chile’s main trading partners on agricultural trade, specifically on the value of fruit exports. It also seeks to determine the effects of harmonizing technical regulations between Chile and its partners. We estimated a gravity equation as a negative binomial regression model with Chilean fruit exports to main destination markets from 2010 to 2019 as the dependent variable. Our results confirm a negative impact of foreign SPS measures on Chilean fruit exports. However, that impact is mitigated if Chile has a harmonized SPS measure. Thus, we can conclude that harmonization reduces the negative effects of foreign SPS measures on exports. Our results suggest that trade agreements, which often contain a chapter on SPS, positively contribute to SPS harmonization and mitigate SPS’s negative impacts on trade flows. Highlights: Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS), aim to protect human, animal, and plant health by regulating specific food quality and safety aspects. The impact of SPS on trade flows has been largely analyzed with heterogeneous results depending, among others, on their characteristics, as the level of harmonization. Harmonization reduced the negative effects of SPS measures on Chilean fruit exports flows. Trade negotiations might positively contribute to SPS harmonization, especially whether agreements have an SPS chapter that encourages coordination.
Numerical modeling of atmospheric turbulent Ekman flow

Modeling turbulence is an important object of environmental sciences for describing an essential turbulent transport of heat and momentum in the boundary layer of the atmosphere. The many turbulence model used in the simulation of flows in the environment, based on the concept of eddy viscosity, and buoyancy effects are often included in the expression for the turbulent fluxes through empirical functions, based on the similarity theory of Monin-Obukhov, fair, strictly speaking, only in the surface layer. Furthermore, significant progress has been made in recent years in the development broader than standard hypothesis turbulent viscosity models for the eddy diffusivity momentum and heat, as a result of the recording of differential equations for the Reynolds stresses and vector turbulent heat flux in a weakly-equilibrium approximation, which neglects advection and the diffusion of certain dimensionless quantities. Explicit algebraic model turbulent Reynolds stresses and heat flux vector for the planetary boundary layer is tested in the neutral atmospheric boundary layer over the homogeneous rough surface. The present algebraic model of turbulence built on physical principles RANS (Reynolds Average Navier Stokes) approach for stratified turbulence uses three prognostic equations and shows correct reproduction of the main characteristics of the Ekman neutral ABL: the components average of wind velocity, the angle of wind turn, turbulence statistics. Test calculations shows that this turbulence model can be used for the purposeful researches of the atmospheric boundary layer for solving of various problems of the environment.
Estimates of Surface Waves Using Subsurface EM-APEX Floats under Typhoon Fanapi 2010

AbstractSeven subsurface EM-APEX floats measured the voltage induced by the motional induction of sea water under Typhoon Fanapi 2010. Measurements were processed to estimate high-frequency oceanic velocity variance (z) associated with surface waves. Surface wave peak frequency fp and significant wave height Hs are estimated by a nonlinear least-squared fitting to assuming a broadband JONSWAP surface wave spectrum. The Hs is further corrected for the effects of float rotation, Earth’s geomagnetic field inclination, and surface wave propagation direction. The fp is 0.08 – 0.10 Hz, with the maximum fp of 0.10 Hz in the rear-left quadrant of Fanapi, which is ~ 0.02 Hz higher than in the rear-right quadrant. The Hs is 6 – 12 m with the maximum in the rear sector of Fanapi. Comparing our estimated fp and Hs with those assuming a single dominant surface wave yields differences of more than 0.02 Hz and 4 m, respectively. The surface waves under Fanapi simulated in the WAVEWATCH III (ww3) model are used to assess.
Systematic Review on the Link between Sleep Bruxism and Systemic Chronic Inflammation

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a sleep-related behavior characterized as rhythmic (phasic) or non-rhythmic (tonic) masticatory muscle activity. SB is a common sleep behavior with a predominantly central origin. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory status and SB according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 (PRISMA 2020). The research was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023395985). We performed a systematic literature analysis using five different databases. Furthermore, the backward snowballing technique was applied to identify additional papers. Initially, 28 papers were screened from the database search, and 162 papers were revealed in the backward snowballing process. Eventually, five articles were included. Data concerning the inflammatory status of patients experiencing SB were investigated and summarized. Due to the heterogeneity of the compared studies, only a qualitative comparison and narrative summary were performed. The results suggest that SB could be associated with systemic inflammation. In fact, this systematic review revealed that there are no papers conclusively showing that the inflammatory status in bruxers is comparable to non-bruxers. However, each of the examined studies utilized different methods of assessing systemic inflammation, which makes the results dubious.