Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Matching catches to quotas in a multispecies trawl fishery: targeting and avoidance behavior under individual transferable quotas

Optimizing yield in multispecies fisheries is only possible when fishers have a high degree of control over the species mixture in their catches, although incentives to encourage this kind of behavior are rarely in place. One exception is the British Columbia, Canada, groundfish trawl fishery, where individual transferable quotas govern total allowable catches (TACs) for 22 species, combined with 100% observer coverage and the deduction of discard mortality from quota. Despite the number of species covered, when TACs were increased for some species and reduced for others, fishers were able to adjust the species mixture in their catches. The top 34 vessels frequented a wide range (mean 38, range 20-69) of ''fishing opportunities'' (repeated trawls along the same track line) containing predictable species mixtures. When TACs for rougheye (Sebastes aleutianus), shortraker (Sebastes borealis), and yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) were sharply cut, fishers avoided fishing opportunities where these species were more abundant. More generally, their choice of fishing opportunities depended on the expected multispecies composition, although other factors were probably also impor- tant. Resume´ : Il est possible d'optimiser le rendement dans les peches multispecifiques seulement lorsque les pecheurs ont un niveau de controle elevedu melange d'especes dans leurs recoltes, bien qu'il y ait rarement des mesures pour favoriser un tel comportement. La peche au chalut des poissons de fond en Colombie Britannique, Canada, represente une exception, car des quotas individuels transferables controlent les captures totales permises (« TAC ») chez 22 especes en combinaison avec une couverture de 100 % des observateurs et la deduction du quota de la mortalitedue aux rejets a la mer. Malgrele nombre d'especes couvertes, lorsque les TAC ont eteaugmentees pour certaines especes et reduites pour d'autres, les pecheurs ont etecapables d'ajuster les melanges d'especes dans leurs recoltes. Les 34 principaux navires frequentent une gamme etendue (moyenne 38, etendue 20-69) de « possibilitesd e peche », des traits repetes de chalutage le long de la meme ligne, contenant des melanges previsibles d'especes. Lorsque les TAC pour les sebastes a` œil epineux (Sebastes aleutianus), les sebastes boreaux (Sebastes borealis) et les sebastes aux yeux jaunes (Sebastes ruberrimus) ont etereduites de maniere importante, les pecheurs ont eviteles sites de peche dans lesquelles ces especes etaient plus abondantes. De facon plus generale, leur choix de sites de peche dependait de la composition multispecifique prevue, bien que d'autres facteurs aient probablement aussi eteimportants. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Vagrant Lichens in North America

Vagrant lichen taxa are presently recognized in several genera. Xanthoparmelia con- tains the largest number of vagrant taxa and is the most widely distributed geographically, with vagrant taxa represented in several habitats in North America and other continents. Aspicilia has the second largest number of vagrant taxa worldwide, including A. fruticulosa (Eversm.) Flagey, reported new for North America from Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming. Habitat supporting vagrant lichens is typically windswept, semi-arid, and sparsely vegetated. In some areas attached, erratic, and vagrant taxa of Rhizoplaca occur sympatrically. Environmentally modified erratic forms of attached taxa of Dermatocarpon, Lecanora, and Umbilicaria occur in habitats occupied by vagrant taxa. Reproduction in vagrant lichens is typically by large unspecialized veg- etative fragments. Due to widescale land disturbance, livestock grazing, and the dispersal strategies of vagrant lichens, some taxa are so fragmented in their distribution that they may become extinct.
The Mediating Role of Automatic Thoughts in Relationship Between Attachment Style with Sexual Dysfunction and Marital Commitment: A Path Analysis

Results: The results indicated that: 1. secure and insecure attachment styles had no direct effects on the sexual dysfunction, although they were significantly related to the automatic thoughts; 2. secure and insecure attachment styles had a direct impact on the marital commitment; 3. automatic thoughts were a mediating variable; 4. automatic thoughts were positively related to the sexual dysfunction and negatively related to the marital commitment. Based on the findings of this research, the relationship between attachment styles and automatic thoughts were predictors of sexual dysfunction and marital commitment.
Relationships between the sex and degree of maturity of marine crustaceans and their lipid compositions

The results of decapod lipid analyses have shown that females and gravid females generally contain high levels of monounsaturated acids and that the eggs of some of these decapods are composed mainly of phospholipid and triglyceride. These are probably present mainly as energy reserves. The percentages of saturated fatty acids are not found to vary with either maturity or sex, whereas the composition of the polyunsaturated acids are affected by both sex and maturity differences. Females are generally much lower in their content of polyunsaturated acids than juveniles and males, the males showing a greater requirement for 20:5 acid compared to the females. For the euphausiids there is a slightly different picture, the monounsaturated acids appear as the stable fraction and for Euphausia krohnii the juveniles are similar to the females in their content of the polyunsaturated acids. Neomysis integer is quite unlike the oceanic crustaceans showing a very specific difference in fatty acid composition between the males and females, the juveniles being rather intermediate in composition.
Stand structure and growing space efficiency following thinning in an even-aged Douglas-fir stand

The growth of individual trees from four thinning treatments in a 64-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand was analyzed to determine desirable residual stand structures after thinning. Dominant and codominant trees had the highest individual tree stem volume growth rates over the previous 5 years, and accounted for most stand volume growth in thinned and unthinned stands. Two measures of growing space, crown projection area and sapwood basal area (a surrogate for leaf area), were used to measure how efficiently individual trees used their growing space. Crown classes were useful in characterizing growing space efficiency (volume growth per unit of growing space) only in the unthinned treatment. In thinned treatments, tall trees with medium-sized crowns were most efficient, while in the unthinned treatment, tall trees with relatively large crowns were most efficient. A large crown in an unthinned stand was comparable in size to a medium-sized crown in a thinned stand. Results sug.
Diversity, abundance and size structure of fishes and invertebrates captured by an intertidal fishing weir at Bramber, Minas Basin, Nova Scotia

Capturing fish using a weir or trap on the intertidal flats of the Bay of Fundy was developed by native Mi’kamaq who later taught the method to the European settlers. Between 1800-1910 fish weirs were a significant part of the important American shad fishery in the inner Bay of Fundy before the collapse of the northwest Atlantic population from pollution and damming of major spawning rivers in the United States. Weirs remain an important segment of the Minas Basin fisheries but now the largest commercial catches consist of Atlantic herring, gaspereau and flounders. Studies on the fishes captured in Minas Basin weirs were published in 1852, 1924, 1984 and 2014, but all lacked a sampling intensity which would fully describe the diversity, abundance and size structure of the catch. An intertidal weir at Bramber, Minas Basin was surveyed during April-July, 2017 where catches were examined at each low tide. The weir was constructed on the intertidal flat during early April after Minas Basin cleared of drift ice. During the study period mean daily tide range was 10.46 m with a maximum spring tide range of 13.72 m. A total of eight neap and eight spring tide cycles were observed. Daily water temperature of Minas Basin was 8.0 C° during late May and increased to a maximum of 21.4 C° in late July. Fish and invertebrate collections began on April 10 and continued daily until July 22 when water temperatures in the trap became too warm for by-catch species to survive (+25 C°). During the study period an estimated total of 674,402 fishes consisting of 45 species were captured and of these 57,950 were measured. The most abundant fishes observed were gaspereau (alewife and blueback herring 51.9%), rainbow smelt (13.9%), Atlantic herring (13.0%) and tomcod (10.1%). Other commonly captured fishes were American shad, skate (little and winter), winter flounder, windowpane flounder, striped bass, mackerel and Atlantic sturgeon. A total of 18,511 invertebrates were captured and counted. The most abundant were long-fin squid (13.8%) and crustaceans (rock crab, lady crab; 84.0%). Keywords: Bay of Fundy; Canada; Clupeidae; commercial fishing; temperatures; tides
Factors affecting the tendency to marital infidelity: A grounded theory study

Introduction: Marital infidelity is one of the most severe problems in families and investigating the reasons for the tendency to marital infidelity can have an effective role in reducing it. Methods: This study was conducted based on the grounded theory (GT). To this end, two types of sampling techniques were used: The multistage random cluster sampling was employed to interview 28 teachers (male and female) and the purposeful sampling was used to interview 14 experts. Results: Based on the concepts and categories derived from the coding of the interviews, the five main individual, marital, family, spiritual, and social factors were found to be the underlying factors for the tendency to marital infidelity. Besides, 53 concepts and 14 subcategories were identified. Based on the selective coding, individual factors were identified as the central core of the study. Conclusion: According to our findings, marital infidelity is an individual, marital, family, spiritual and social problem. Therefore, therapists are advised to consider personal, spiritual, and social causes in addition to examining family and marital factors in dealing with infidelity.
The changing ecosystem of a shallow, brackish lake, Hickling Broad, Norfolk, U.K. II. Long-term trends in water chemistry and ecology and their implications for restoration of the lake

SUMMARY 1 Hickling Broad underwent major changes from a clear water, charophyte-dominated state in the decades previous to 1970 to a turbid, phytoplankton-dominated state by the mid 1970s. These changes were complexly linked with increasing eutrophication by black-headed gulls and increased salinity due to agricultural changes in the catchment. 2 At the turn of the 1970s, the lake began to change again and during the 1980s a submerged plant community, of tall, vigorously growing species (e.g. Myriophyllum spicatum, Patamogeton pectinatus) had recovered, despite a major reduction in the roosting gull population, no change in salinity, and only small reductions in phytoplankton biomass and total phosphorus concentration. 3 Recovery of the plants may be linked to grazing of periphyton on them by an increased population of a mysid Neomysis integer which had been suppressed by toxicity from an alga, Prymnesium parvum formerly stimulated by the ingress of gull guano. 4 A cladoceran community present in the clear-water phase has not recovered and may be suppressed by continued high salinities. Further restoration of the lake requires displacement of the large phytoplankton biomass and this might best be contemplated by land use changes leading to lowered salinity and predicted recovery of grazing Cladocera. 5 Models are given which summarize the likely workings of the system in the early twentieth century, the mid-twentieth century, the 1970s and the late 1980s.
Locking plate fixation for proximal humerus fractures—when do I use a fibular strut?

Displaced proximal humerus fractures, particularly in osteoporotic bone, often require open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Locking plate technology has enhanced our ability to treat these fractures. However, there is a high failure rate when used alone in cases with posteromedial comminution, metadiaphyseal fracture extension, and nonunions. Supplementing medial support with the use of intramedullary fibular strut allograft has been described to prevent a number of complications including humeral head collapse, screw penetration, and overreduction of the greater tuberosity. The purpose of this article is to highlight the principles and technique of open reduction internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures with an intramedullary fibular strut. The function of the fibular strut is to improve construct stability, support the medial calcar and prevent over reduction of the greater tuberosity.
Kajian Pengering Kopi Gayo Semi Basah Menggunakan Alat Pengering Tipe Hohenheim

Abstrak . Sebagai produsen kopi Arabica, masyarakat Gayo terkendala pada suhu lokal di Aceh Tengah yang relatif dingin dan teknologi sederhana yang digunakan untuk proses pengeringan kopi. Suhu rata-rata harian adalah 23-29°C. Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu biji kopi yang diolah dengan metode semi basah sebanyak 9kg. Parameter penelitian meliputi suhu pengeringan, kelembaban relatif, kadar air dan rendemen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu pengeringan menggunakan alat pengering Hohenheim jauh lebih tinggi sekitar 10-20°C dari suhu pengeringan secara penjemuran. Proses pengeringan kopi labu sampai bisa digiling membutuhkan waktu selama 12 jam yaitu 8 jam pada hari pertama dan 4 jam pada hari ke-2. Sedangkan proses pengeringan tahap 2 membutuhkan waktu selama 16 jam sampai menghasilkan kopi beras dengan kadar air 9,32%. Kualitas kopi beras yang dihasilkan sudah baik dengan kadar air yang sudah memenuhi standar SNI, tidak berbau busuk, dan tidak terkontaminasi. Nilai rendemen kopi beras berbasis kopi labu adalah 35%. Study of Drying Semi Washed Gayo Coffee Use Dryer Type Hohenheim Abstrack. As an Arabica coffee producer, the Gayo community is constrained by the relatively cold local temperatures in Central Aceh and the simple technology used for the coffee drying process. The average daily temperature is 23-29 ° C. The material used in this study was coffee beans which were processed by the semi-wet method of 9kg. Research parameters include drying temperature, relative humidity, moisture content and yield. The results showed that the drying temperature using a Hohenheim dryer is much higher around 10-20 ° C than the drying temperature by drying. The process of drying pumpkin coffee until it can be ground needs 12 hours, which is 8 hours on the first day and 4 hours on the second day. While the process of drying stage 2 takes 16 hours to produce rice coffee with a moisture content of 9.32%. The quality of rice coffee produced is good with water content that meets SNI standards, does not smell bad, and is not contaminated. The yield of pumpkin coffee-based rice coffee is 35%.
Institutional Investors and Post-ICO Performance: An Empirical Analysis of Investor Returns in Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs)

Abstract We examine the role of institutional investors in initial coin offerings (ICOs). Taking a financial investor's perspective, we assess the determinants of post-ICO performance via buy-and-hold abnormal returns (BHAR) in a sample of 565 ICO ventures. Conceptually, we argue that institutional investors' superior screening (selection effect) and coaching abilities (treatment effect) enable them to partly overcome the information asymmetry of the ICO context and extract informational rents from their ICO investments. We find that institutional investor backing is indeed associated with higher post-ICO performance. Disentangling selection and treatment effects econometrically, we find that both of these effects explain the positive impact institutional investors have on post-ICO performance. Overall, our results highlight the importance of institutional investors in the ICO context.
Phylogeny of North AmericanCicindelaTiger Beetles Inferred from Multiple Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

Tiger beetles in the genus Cicindela (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) have been used as a model system for studies in ecology and conservation biology. Work on this group will greatly benefit from the availability of a phylogenetic hypothesis. We selected a representative sample of 23 North American Cicindela and 6 outgroups to reconstruct a phylogeny based on 1896 nucleotide positions from three mitochondrial genes (Cytochrome b, Cytochrome oxidase III, and 16S rRNA). Cladistic analysis of these three data sets yielded widely different tree topologies, but character conflict between them appears to be relatively low. The combined analysis of all data resulted in three similar shortest trees of 3453 steps. One of these was also recovered after successive weighting and was considered the best estimate of relationships. The most basal taxa of North American Cicindela (s.l.) were in the cosmopolitan subgenus Cylindera. The derived taxa were in the subgenus Cicindela (s. str.), a group dominating at higher latitudes in the Nearctic and Palearctic Region. The molecular analysis was essentially in agreement with the traditional classification which has been worked out based on male genitalic structures by E. Rivalier (1954, Rev. Entomol. Francaise 21:249-268). In the molecular analysis, Rivalier's species groups and subgenera were mostly found to be composed of closely related taxa but several of them were not monophyletic. Implicit in the traditional classification is a sequence from basal to derived groups which we found to be essentially reversed in the molecular analysis. We also discuss the conceptual differences in the establishment of the traditional classification by Rivalier (1954) and the cladistic analysis presented in this study.
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of metallo-beta-lactamases in Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Background: Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii has become a major concern for treating physicians. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metallo β-lactamase (MBL) genes (bla VIM , and blaIMP) among isolated multidrug-resistant A. baumannii . Methods: Fifty non-repetitive carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates were collected. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by disk diffusion method. MICs were determined by E test method. The resistant strains were tested for the production of carbapenemases by the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) followed by EDTA-disk synergy test was performed for metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) phenotypic detection. Detection of bla VIM , and blaIMP was performed by PCR followed by sequencing. Results: All isolates had a multidrug resistant profile, and were all resistant to all antibiotics including the carbapenems but remained susceptible to colistin. Among these isolates, Carbapenemase production was confirmed by the Modified Hodge test for 42 (84%) isolates. Phenotypic method showed the production of MBL in 15 (30%) isolates. PCR techniques revealed that out of 50 isolates, 13 (26%) were positive for blaVIM and all were negative for blaIMP. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the high prevalence of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter species with MBL production is one of the main concerns in our country and this situation needs strict infection control measures.
Maternal Anemia Prevalence and Subsequent Neonatal Complications in Iraq

BACKGROUND: Anemia during pregnancy is still a challenge throughout the world, and it may cause severe health consequences in the maternal and fetal sides. AIM: This study aims to find out the prevalence of maternal anemia and potential adverse outcomes in Iraq. METHODS: In Medical City Tertiary Center in Baghdad, singleton pregnant ladies came for delivery were involved over 6 monthsâ€™ period. Based on hemoglobin (Hb) readings; they were divided into no anemia group (Hb>11 g/l) and anemia group which were further subdivided into mild, moderate, and severe (Hb =10â€“10.9, =7.1â€“9.9, and <7 g/l, respectively). Full history and examination were performed by attending obstetrician and pediatrician for the upcoming babies. RESULTS: Maternal anemia prevalence was 84.84% out of 4473 cases. No anemia group was 15.16%, mild 40.73%, and moderate 40.73%, while severe anemia group (24.93%). Maternal occupation, educational status, and Hb levels were significantly associated with anemia (p < 0.001), unlike parity, body mass index, and delivery mode. Neonatal preterm delivery, birth weight and length, small for gestational age (SGA), Apgar score, respiratory distress, and high death rate were strongly related to mothersâ€™ anemia (p < 0.001), on the contrary of septicemia, birth asphyxia, and hypoglycemia, in spite of their higher frequency rates in anemia groups. Birth weight, and length, and gestational age were lowered significantly in moderate and severe anemia, while Apgar score was low throughout all anemia categories. SGA was significant in severe anemia. CONCLUSION: Maternal anemia is highly prevalent in Iraq with significant adverse neonatal events and elevated rates of mortality.
AKINETE DIFFERENTIATION IN ANABAENA CIRCINALIS (CYANOPHYTA) 1

Three lines of evidence established conclusively that phosphorus limitation triggered akinetes to differentiate in Anabaena circinalis Rabenhorst. First, akinetes differentiated when phosphorus was limited, but not when nitrogen, inorganic carbon, iron, trace elements, or light were limited, or when dissolved oxygen concentration was increased. In the phosphorus limitation experiment, akinetes appeared first in the 0 mg P‐L−1 cultures, and the higher the initial concentration of phosphorus was, the longer it took for akinetes to differentiate. Second, akinete differentiation commenced when Qp fell to the same critical concentration in all cultures. The critical Qp for akinete differentiation in A. circinalis was 0.3‐0.45 pg P·cell−1, and there was no significant difference between cultures grown with 0.6, 0.2, 0.06, or 0 mg P · L−1 (F= 5.48, of = 3, P > 0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences between P cultures in internal cellular soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration (F= 0.63, df = 3, P > 0.05) or external SRP per cell in the medium (F= 5.16, df= 3, P > 0.05) when akinete differentiation commenced. Both were between 0.01 and 0.07 pg SRP‐cell−1. A thorough literature search indicates that this information has not been reported previously. The third line of evidence came from electron micrographs, which illustrated that polyphosphate was present in trichomes prior to akinete differentiation but was absent in trichomes with akinetes indicating that phosphorus reserves were depleted when akinetes differentiated. Lipid globules (carbon reserve) and cyanophycin granules (nitrogen reserve) increased in number in trichomes with akinetes, compared to trichomes without akinetes. Thus, the ratio of internal P:C:N was different in trichomes with akinetes compared to trichomes without akinetes and may be important in activating akinete‐differentiating genes.