Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short Communication Detection of Cyclin D1 Overexpression by Real-Time Reverse-Transcriptase-Mediated Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Diagnosis of Mantle Cell Lymphoma

The diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is par-ticularly important for clinical management because of a remarkable prognostic difference between MCL and other types of B-cell lymphoma. In addition to immunohistochemical analysis, we have established a 5 (cid:1) exonuclease-based real-time reverse transcrip-tase-mediated quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) method to detect cyclin D1 overexpression for the diagnosis of MCL. The RQ-PCR could detect cyclin D1 overexpression in all nine examined MCL cases, in contrast genomic PCR detected t(11;14) in only two of nine cases. By RQ-PCR the expression of G6PDH was significantly higher in myeloid leukemias than those in B-cell lymphomas ( P (cid:1) 0.018). As a result, cyclin D1/G6PDH ratio ranged from 0.78 to 12.4 (mean, 1.83) in MCL, exclusively higher than those in other B-cell lymphoma (0.00009 (cid:1) 0.16) and myeloid leukemia (0.00011 (cid:1) 0.085). The high expression of cyclin D1 in certain myeloid leukemias was identified to reflect their proliferative activity and not to represent the oncogenic overexpression. The 95% confidence interval of the cyclin D1/G6PDH ratio was 0.29 (cid:1) In this report, we describe a real-time reverse transcriptase-mediated quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) detection method of cyclin D1 overexpression for the diagnosis of MCL.
Chylomicronemia from GPIHBP1 autoantibodies

Some cases of chylomicronemia are caused by autoantibodies against glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored HDL binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), an endothelial cell protein that shuttles LPL to the capillary lumen. GPIHBP1 autoantibodies prevent binding and transport of LPL by GPIHBP1, thereby disrupting the lipolytic processing of tri-glyceride-rich lipoproteins. Here, we review the “GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome” and summarize clinical and laboratory findings in 22 patients. All patients had GPIHBP1 autoantibodies and chylomicronemia, but we did not find a correlation between triglyceride levels and autoantibody levels. Many of the patients had a history of pancreatitis, and most had clinical and/or serological evidence of autoimmune disease. IgA autoantibodies were present in all patients, and IgG4 autoantibodies were present in 19 of 22 patients. detect GPIHBP1 in the presence of autoantibodies (immunoassay interference). How-ever, GPIHBP1 levels were very high in five patients, indicating little capacity of their autoantibodies to interfere with the ELISA. Recently, several GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome patients were treated successfully with rituximab, resulting in the disappearance of GPIHBP1 autoantibodies and normalization of both plasma triglyceride and LPL levels. The GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome should be considered in any patient with newly acquired and unexplained chylomicronemia.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- b / d Regulates Angiogenic Cell Behaviors and Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy

P URPOSE . To develop new therapies against ocular neovascularization (NV), we tested the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- b / d (PPAR- b / d ) agonism and antagonism on angiogenic behaviors and in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMEC) and on preretinal NV in rat oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). M ETHODS . HRMECs were treated with the PPAR- b / d agonist GW0742 and the antagonist GSK0660. Messenger RNA levels of a PPAR- b / d target gene, angiopoietin-like-4 ( angptl4 ) were assayed by qRT-PCR. HRMEC proliferation and tube formation were assayed according to standard protocols. OIR was induced in newborn rats by exposing them to alternating 24-hour episodes of 50% and 10% oxygen for 14 days. OIR rats were treated with GW0742 or GSK0660. Angptl4 protein levels were assessed by ELISA and preretinal NV was quantiﬁed by adenosine diphosphatase staining. R ESULTS . GW0742 signiﬁcantly increased angptl4 mRNA, and GSK0660 signiﬁcantly decreased angptl4 mRNA. GW0742 had no effect on HRMEC proliferation, but caused a signiﬁcant and dose-responsive increase in tube formation. GSK0660 signiﬁcantly reduced serum-induced HRMEC proliferation and tube formation in a dose-dependent manner. Intravitreal injection of GW0742 signiﬁcantly increased total retinal Angptl4 protein, but intravitreal injection of GSK0660 had no effect. Intravitreal injection of GW0742 signiﬁcantly increased retinal NV, as did GW0742 administered by oral gavage. Conversely, both intravitreal injection and intraperitoneal injection of GSK0660 signiﬁcantly reduced retinal NV. C ONCLUSIONS . PPAR- b / d activation exacerbates, and its inhibition reduces, preretinal NV. PPAR- b / d may regulate preretinal NV through a prodifferentiation/maturation mechanism that depends on Angptl4. Pharmacologic inhibition of PPAR- b / d may provide a rational basis for therapeutic targeting of ocular NV.
HIV/AIDS, HPV and Anal Cancer

SYNOPSIS Anal cancer is an increasingly common non-AIDS-defining cancer among HIV-infected individuals. It is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), the most common sexually transmitted infectious agent. The 14 oncogenic types of HPV are causally associated with 5–10% of all cancers, notably anogenital cancers. HPV16 is the most common genotype detected in about 70% of anal cancers. The HPV types detected in anal cancer are included in the 9-valent vaccine. HPV vaccines have demonstrated efficacy in reducing anal precancerous lesions in HIV-infected individuals. The standard treatment for anal cancer has been fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin (or cisplatin) as chemotherapy agents plus radiation, which can also be effectively used for the HIV-infected patients. Continued studies will be needed to test new treatment strategies in HIV-infected patients with anal cancer to determine which treatment protocols provide the best therapeutic index.
Detection of Inbreeding Effects by the x2 Test on Genotypic and Phenotypic Frequencies

The problem of detection of inbreeding effects by the x2 goodness-of-fit test is investigated. The noncentrality parameter of the limiting x2 distribution is considered as a function of the inbreeding coefficient in two models: (1) a gene locus with m codominant alleles and (2) the generalized ABO model. Previous results by Ward and Sing and by Chakraborty and Rao were based on inadequate statistical reasoning. In the first model, the resulting noncentrality parameter is identical with that found by Ward and Sing. For the second model, the limiting noncentrality parameter is found to be zero.
Is Vaccination Possible Against Schistosomes ? First Pre-1970 Data on Hispanic Population

* The controlled clinical trials of BCG vaccine in Great Britain, carried out by the Medical Research Council, were almost contemporaneous with those in the United States made by the U.S. Public Health Service. The 20-year evaluation of one of the USPHS trials, by Comstock, Woolpert, and Livesay in Public Health Reports (1), showed little if any protection to those who were initially "nonreactors" to tuberculin. In contrast, the 15-year evaluation of the Medical Research Council trial showed a protection of nearly 80 percent to those who were initially "tuberculinnegative" (2). These widely disparate results have long been apparent, and the reasons have frequently been discussed (2-5). In particular, it was specifically argued by the British investigators in 1967 (3) that protective natural infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria, even if these had been widespread or even universal among the American participants, were inadequate to account for the lack of any substantial reduction in the incidence of tuberculosis in the vaccinees in this USPHS trial unless these other organisms had an efficacy approaching that of BCG itself-and that, from current animal evidence, was unlikely. The argument therefore implied, as an "inescapable" conclusion, that the vaccine used in this USPHS trial was not as potent as the Danish substrain of BCG used in the British trial. " Comstock and associates, on page 279 of their report (1), are now advancing the same argument as ours of 10 years ago, but without reference to its origin and apparently without any appreciation of the strength of the evidence it provides of the low potency of the vaccine used in this USPHS trial. P. D'Arcy Hart, MD, and Ian Sutherland, DPhil, Medical Research Council Statistical Research and Services Unit, University College Hospital Medical School, London
The Mediating Role of Perceived Threat in the Relationship between Casual Contact and Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees in Turkey

Turkey hosts the largest Syrian refugee population in the world. As an attempt to understand antecedents of residents attitudes towards Syrian refugees, the present study aimed to investigate the relationships between contact experience, perception of threat, and the attitudes. Speciﬁcally, we hypothesized that perception of threat would mediate the relationship between contact experience and the attitudes. Frequency of different contact types, threats associated with economic, cultural, and criminal risks, and attitudes towards male or female targets based on preferred social distance were subjected to analyses in an adult sample of 170 women and 183 men.ResultsrevealedafullmediationeffectbothforfemaleandmaleSyrianrefugeetargets. Wediscussedtheﬁndingsreferringtheobservednatureofcontactasmostlybeingcasual,threatlevelbeinghigh,andattitudesbeingrelativelynegativewithinaspeciﬁcmedia-effectsframework.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Axisymmetric Free Jets

Some experimental and theoretical studies have been made of axisymmetric free jets exhausting from sonic and supersonic nozzles into still air and into supersonic streams with a view toward problems associated with propulsive jets and the investigation of these problems. For jets exhausting into still air, consideration is given to the effects of jet Mach number, nozzle divergence angle, and jet static pressure ratio upon jet structure, jet wavelength, and the shape and curvature of the jet boundary. Studies of the effects of the ratio of specific heats of the jets are included are observations pertaining to jet noise and jet simulation. For jets exhausting into supersonic streams, an attempt has been made to present primarily theoretical certain jet interference effects and in formulating experimental studies. The primary variables considered are jet Mach number, free stream Mach number, jet static pressure ratio, ratio of specific heats of the jet, nozzle exit angle, and boattail angle. The simulation problem and the case of a hypothetical hypersonic vehicle are examined, A few experimental observations are included.
THE PATHOGENESIS OF CYSTINURIA. II. POLAROGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE METABOLISM OF SULPHUR-CON-

The preceding paper (1) in this series describes some paper chromatographic and microbiological analyses of plasma and urine during acute experiments in which loading doses of cystine, cysteine, and methionine were given by mouth to normal and cystinuric subjects. Cysteine alone caused large rises in plasma cystine levels and urine outputs in both normal and cystinuric subjects. In all cases, urine output varied directly with plasma cystine levels, but in the cystinuric subjects the urine output was very much greater for any given plasma level than in the normal subject. The results were taken as strong evidence in favour of the renal theory of cystinuria, namely that the high cystine output of a cystinuric patient is due not to an innate inability to metabolize cystine or other sulphur-containing amino-acids but to a "low renal threshold" for cystine, presumably from defective tubular reabsorption. The methods of analysis used though highly specific qualitatively were not, however, considered sufficiently accurate quantitatively to enable renal clearances to be calculated. In this paper we have repeated in greater numbers experiments of the type described in the preceding paper (1) using an almost identical procedure for timing and collecting samples of plasma and urine. The cystine determinations, however, were done exclusively by polarography. This method, depending upon entirely different principles, is likely to be specific in the circumstances. There is no convincing evidence for the presence in these fluids (after deproteinization when necessary) of appreciable quantities of other substances which might interfere with the analysis owing to their containing . disulphide (-S-S-) or thiol (-SH) groups.
“Look straight ahead”—A new test to diagnose spatial neglect by computed tomography

Spatial neglect is the dominant behavioral disorder after right hemisphere brain lesions. Reliable diagnosis by formal neuropsychological testing is often achieved only later during hospitalization, leading to delays in targeted therapies. We propose a way to diagnose spatial neglect right at admission. We measured the conjugated eye deviation (CED) on the initial computed tomography (CT) scans, in combination with the verbal instruction 'Please look straight ahead' during the scan. The command was implemented in the scanner program and automatically played before a cranial CT started. This prospective study included a total 46 consecutive subjects (16 patients with first ever right brain damage and no spatial neglect, 12 patients with first ever right brain damage and spatial neglect, and 18 healthy controls). The right brain damaged groups were submitted to paper pencil tests to access the diagnosis of a spatial neglect after radiological confirmation of the brain damage during the initial phase of their hospitalisation. This procedure allowed us to define a cut-off value of 14.1 degrees of CED to the ipsilesional side to differentiate right hemispheric stroke patients with versus without spatial neglect with a confidence interval of 99%. This simple addition to a radiological routine procedure provides a new tool to help diagnose spatial neglect at the earliest stage possible and thus offers the possibility of providing patients with optimized rehabilitative therapy from a very early stage on.
Integration of biomarker polygenic risk score improves prediction of coronary heart disease in UK Biobank and FinnGen

Background In addition to age and sex, also smoking history and levels of blood pressure, cholesterol, lipoproteins and inflammation are established biomarkers for coronary heart disease (CHD). As standard polygenic risk scores (PRS) have recently proven successful for CHD prediction, it remains of high interest to determine how a combined PRS of biomarkers (BioPRS) constructed from statistically relevant biomarkers can further improve genetic prediction of CHD. Methods We developed CHDBioPRS, which combines BioPRS with PRS of CHD, via regularized regression in UK Biobank (UKB) training data (n = 208,010). The resulting CHDBioPRS was tested on an independent UK Biobank subset (n = 25,765) and on the FinnGen study (n = 306,287). Results We observed a consistent pattern across all data sets where BioPRS was clearly predictive of CHD and improved standard PRS for CHD when the two were combined. In UKB test data, CHDPRS had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.78 (95% confidence interval 1.67-1.91, area under the curve (AUC) 0.808) and CHDBioPRS had a HR of 1.88 (1.75-2.01, AUC 0.811) per one standard deviation of PRS. In FinnGen data, HR of CHDPRS was 1.57 (1.55-1.60, AUC 0.752) and HR of CHDBioPRS was 1.60 (1.58-1.62, AUC 0.755). We observed larger effects of CHDBioPRS in subsets of early onset cases with HR of 2.07 (1.85-2.32, AUC 0.790) in UKB test data and of 2.10 (2.04-2.16, AUC 0.791) in FinnGen. Results were similar when stratified by sex. Conclusions Integration of biomarker based BioPRS improved on the standard PRS for CHD and the gain was largest with early onset CHD cases. These findings highlight the benefit of enriching polygenic risk prediction of CHD with the genetics of associated biomarkers.
Younger age of initiation of selling sex and depressive symptoms among female sex workers in Eswatini

Background: Minors who sell sex likely have complex mental health needs that may persist into adulthood. This topic is understudied in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study hypothesized that adult female sex workers in Eswatini who started selling sex as minors have a higher prevalence of depression than those who started as adults. We also examined correlates of depression and underage initiation of selling sex, including stigma and condom-related behaviors. Methods: From October-December 2014, women aged 18 or older who sold sex in the past 12 months in Eswatini were recruited through venue-based sampling. Participants completed a survey including the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and a question about the age at which they first sold sex for money. T-tests, {chi}2 tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations. Results: Overall, 43.1% of participants (332/770) had probable depression, and 16.6% (128/770) started selling sex as minors under the age of 18. Over half (55.5%, 71/128) of those who started selling sex as minors had depression. This was significantly higher than the 40.7% (261/642) prevalence of depression among participants who started selling sex as adults (p=0.002). After adjusting for confounders, female sex workers who started selling sex as minors had higher odds of depression than those who started as adults (adjusted odds ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.11-2.60). Both depression and underage initiation of selling sex were associated with anticipating stigma toward sex workers in healthcare settings and the number of times the participant reported a condom slipped off or broke in the past month. Conclusion: Results highlight the need for trauma-informed and adolescent-friendly mental health services in settings free of stigma toward female sex workers in Eswatini.
Psychological Stress, Smoking, and Hazardous Drinking Behaviors among South Korean Adults: Findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Introduction: There is growing attention to mental health as a contributor to behavioral health in South Korea. We investigated the prevalence of psychological stress and its associations with cigarette smoking and drinking behaviors among a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults. Methods: Using data from 14,855 adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the 2013 to 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we performed weighted logistic regression to examine the associations between stress and three binary outcome variables: cigarette smoking, heavy episodic drinking and frequent drinking. Results: 27.2% of participants reported high stress. Controlling for sociodemographic covariates, high stress was associated with 1.54 times the odds (p<0.001) of being a smoker, 1.25 times the odds (p<0.001) of being a heavy episodic drinker, and 1.23 times the odds (p<0.001) of being a frequent drinker. There was evidence of effect modification by gender and occupation, such that the effects of stress on these behaviors were particularly stronger among women and pink-collar (service industry) workers (compared to men and white-collar workers). Conclusions: Future policies that aim to address smoking and drinking behaviors in South Korea should consider stress reduction and coping strategies, especially among women and pink-collar workers.
Association of Sex Steroid Hormones with Adult Asthma in the United States, 2013 – 2016

the etiology of reduced TAC, our data suggest that the same remodeling process that occurs in the TBs may extend to the larger airways and be measured by MDCT. We acknowledge that this was a retrospective study, and therefore it was not possible to access preoperative MDCT images to compare the relationship with TAC using clinical and explant CT images. The lung specimens have no chest wall and MDCT images were acquired at a fixed lung volume, without any motion artifacts, and therefore an increased number of airways may be quantified in specimen MDCT. MDCT LAA950 measurements may also be overestimated in lung specimens due to a lack of blood flow/volume. However, our primary objective was to investigate the association between TAC and TBs, which are not impacted by the lack of blood flow/volume. We also note that although we used random sampling to obtain cores for micro-CT analysis from donor lungs, we used selective sampling to avoid regions of severe emphysema in the COPD lungs, as such regions have been reported to lack TBs (1, 2). This may have resulted in biased estimates of the number of TBs in the COPD lungs and may partially explain the lack of correlation between TBs and TAC in COPD. In conclusion, this study shows that TAC is associated with both the number of TBs and the distortion/remodeling that occurs in the TBs that remain in COPD lungs. Thus, TAC may be used as an imaging biomarker (9) to estimate the number and distortion of small airways and may provide a valuable outcome measure for clinical trials of new therapies aimed at the prevention and treatment of small airways disease. n
Nanomedicines for dental applications-scope and future perspective

for diagnosis, prevention as well as cure of various ailments both locally and systemically. In dentistry, drug loaded nanopharmaceuticals based on nanomaterials have been utilized extensively over the past few years to cure dental problems and facilitate attainment of a near-perfect oral hygiene. Although various drug delivery systems have already been investigated for treating periodontitis, research is currently focused on nanodelivery systems for ef ﬁ cient targeted delivery of drugs to the periodontal pocket. In this context a few nanodelivery systems explored include nanocomposite hydrogels, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion etc. A number of herbal and synthetic drugs examples of which include trichlosan, tetracycline, Harungana madagascariensis leaf extract, minocycline, metronidazole, chlorhexidine have been encapsulated into nanodelivery systems for treating periodontitis. A few examples of polymers investigated as matrices for the delivery of drugs to the periodontal pocket include chitosan, Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid copolymer, poly e caprolactone, polylactic acid, polypropylene, cellulose acetate propionate and ethyl vinyl acetate. In the near future also nanotechnology is expected to ﬁ nd its application in all the specializations of dentistry ranging from diagnosis and treatment of oral cancers to development of colloidal suspension containing millions of active analgesic micron-size dental robots resulting in anesthesia in patients. In the light of the above facts the current editorial focuses on the applications of nanotechnology based nanomedicines which cannot be undermined in the improvement of dental health and hygiene both, in the current as well as in future scenario. Abstract