Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Personality Structure in Brown Capuchin Monkeys: Comparisons with Chimpanzees, Orangutans, and Rhesus Macaques

Species comparisons of personality structure (i.e. how many personality dimensions and the characteristics of those dimensions) can facilitate questions about the adaptive function of Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to F. Blake Morton, Behaviour and Evolution Research Group and Scottish Primate Research Group, Psychology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom. Morton.blake@gmail.com. F.B. M. and A.W. contributed equally to writing the paper. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript J Comp Psychol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 August 01. Published in final edited form as: J Comp Psychol. 2013 August ; 127(3): 282–298. doi:10.1037/a0031723. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript personality in nonhuman primates. Here we investigate personality structure in the brown capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella), a New World primate species, and compare this structure to those of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), orangutans (Pongo spp.), and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Brown capuchins evolved behavioral and cognitive traits that are qualitatively similar to those of great apes, and individual differences in behavior and cognition are closely associated with differences in personality. Thus, we hypothesized that brown capuchin personality structure would overlap more with great apes than with rhesus macaques. We obtained personality ratings from seven sites on 127 brown capuchin monkeys. Principal-components analysis identified five personality dimensions (Assertiveness, Openness, Neuroticism, Sociability, and Attentiveness), which were reliable across raters and, in a subset of subjects, significantly correlated with relevant behaviors up to a year later. Comparisons between species revealed that brown capuchins and great apes overlapped in personality structure, particularly chimpanzees in the case of Neuroticism. However, in some respects (i.e. capuchin Sociability and Openness) the similarities between capuchins and great apes were not significantly greater than those between capuchins and rhesus macaques. We discuss the relevance of our results to brown capuchin behavior, and the evolution of personality structure in primates.
Biodegradability of immidazolium, pyridinium, piperidinium and pyrrolidinium based ionic liquid in different water source

Ionic Liquid (IL), combination of an organic cation with an organic or inorganic cation, possess some remarkable physical chemical properties such as no virtual vapor pressure (allowing recyclability and reusability), wide liquid range, high thermal and chemical stability, ease to choose hydrophobic/hydrophilic character and wide electrochemical window. Owing to that, they have become increasingly popular as green solvents/additives/catalysts for organic synthetic chemistry, extraction, electrochemistry, catalysis, biomass conversion, biotechnologies and pharmaceutical applications. This is acknowledged by the exponential number of yearly published articles related to them. However, even if these are very widely studied in the international scientific community, they are not or very little used on an industrial scale, particularly because of the lack of data on their toxicity and biodegradability. Notably hydrophobic ILs seems to display higher toxicity towards microorganisms and lower biodegradability co.
Implications of Neuroimmunity in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review

AD is characterized cognitively by memory, problem-solving, and language difficulties. It is estimated that 5.4 million Americans currently have Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The cognitive difficulties in AD are reflected in the brain through the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), neurofibrillary tau tangles, neuronal tissue atrophy, and neuroinflammation, but the exact cause of AD is still in question. However, evidence suggests that differences in neuroimmune function—the central nervous system’s ability to resist disease—may play a role in the development and progression of AD. This paper largely relates neuroimmune changes to the amyloid hypothesis of AD. This approach relates AD to Aβ production and clearance, and therefore, targets Aβ for treatment uses. A thorough literature search revealed evidence that the blood-brain barrier (BBB), glial cell mediation and effects on neuroinflammation, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) drainage systems are changed in AD. These changes seem to be detrimental for the AD brain and Aβ accumulation. Future research should be conducted regarding characterization of the lymphatic system in the human dura, the balance of helpful and harmful effects of activated microglia, the driving forces of paravascular CSF-ISF exchange, the effects of sleep on neuroimmunity, and genetic risk factors for neuroimmune dysfunction.
Analysis of the Decay D 0 → K 0 S π 0 π 0

We present the results of a Dalitz plot analysis of D → K Sπ0π0 using the CLEO-c data set of 818 pb of ee collisions accumulated at √ s = 3.77 GeV. This corresponds to three million DD pairs from which we select 1,259 tagged candidates with a background of 7.5± 0.9 percent. Several models have been explored, all of which include the K(892), K 2 (1430), K (1680), the f0(980), and the σ(500). We find that the combined π π S-wave contribution to our preferred fit is (28.9±6.3±3.1)% of the total decay rate while D → K(892)π contributes (65.6±5.3±2.5)%. Using three tag modes and correcting for quantum correlations we measure the D → K Sππ branching fraction to be (1.059 ± 0.038 ± 0.061)%. ∗Now at: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
Prevalence and prognosis of ABO blood groups among COVID-19 patients at KAUH, Jeddah

Background: COVID-19 has spread rapidly across the globe and has generated over 1,130,000 confirmed infections worldwide as on fifth of April 2020. There is limited research about ABO blood group and COVID 19 prevalence and prognosis in the Middle East region. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and prognosis of ABO blood groups in (COVID-19) patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah. Methods: This is a retrospective study analyzing 122 inpatients’ medical records of patients above 18 years who were COVID-19 positive at King Abdulaziz university hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between March to June 2020, prognosis of the disease studied by the patient’s situation and the need for intubation or ICU admission. Results: From a total of 790 patients, 122 met the study criteria. The most frequent ABO group was O blood group with a percentage of 40.2% followed by A blood group 35.2%. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were common medical comorbidities 42.6%, 41%, respectively. 80.3% of patients were alive with no significant relation between Blood group and ICU admission p=0.705 or intubation p=0.702. Conclusion: O blood group was frequently seen among COVID-19 patients followed by A blood group, with a non-significant relationship between blood groups and ICU admission or intubation. Future multicentric studies are recommended, including larger samples.
Evaluation of Measles Outbreak Response Activities and Surveillance System Performance in Nunukumba District, East Wollega Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia, June 2020

Background: Measles is one of the world’s most contagious viral diseases that have the potential to be life-threatening. In Ethiopia, measles is among the most common cause for morbidity and mortality in children. Major outbreaks with large attack rates resulting in as high as 15-20% case fatality rates have been reported in this country. There is a paucity of information on measles outbreak response activities and surveillance system performance in Eats Wollega Zone in general and NunuKumba district in particular, Ethiopia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was employed from June 01-05, 2020 at NunuKumba district of East Wollega Zone. The data was collected by three senior technical experts using semi-structured questionnaires, and a secondary data was taken from the line list of cases. Purposive sampling technique was used. Quantitative data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 while the qualitative data was themed; analyzed and then triangulated with quantitative result. The result was displayed by graphs, tables and Epi-curve. Results: The overall Attack rate and Case Fatality Rate were 1.05% and 0.41% respectively. The most affected age group was under five year’s children 552(56.55%). The Epicurve indicated the propagation of the outbreak and covered the majority (73%) of Kebeles in the district. The outbreak reached climax at middle of January and declined by the middle of February, 2020. Conclusion: The AR and CFR of this outbreak were higher than nationally expected target. Age group of 1-4years had higher attack rate. The probable contributing factors for this outbreak were poor health seeking behaviour (poor community awareness and engagement), poor surveillance system, poor PHEM report completeness, lack of operational surveillance guidelines and protocols, and dalliances of lab specimen result written feedback written recommended time period. Therefore, training of human power, and surveillance system should get due attention.
HydroPy (v1.0): A new global hydrology model written in Python

Abstract. Global hydrological models (GHMs) are a useful tool in the assessment of the land surface water balance. They are used to further the understanding of interactions between water balance components as well as their past evolution and potential future development under various scenarios. While GHMs are a part of the Hydrologist's toolbox since several decades, the models are continuously developed. In our study, we present the HydroPy model, a revised version of an established GHM, the Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology's Hydrology Model (MPI-HM). Being rewritten in Python, the new model requires much less effort in maintenance and due to its flexible infrastructure, new processes can be easily implemented. Besides providing a thorough documentation of the processes currently implemented in HydroPy, we demonstrate the skill of the model in simulating the land surface water balance. We find that evapotranspiration is reproduced realistically for the majority of the land surface but is underestimated in the tropics. The simulated river discharge correlates well with observations. Biases are evident for the annual accumulated discharge, however they can – at least to some part – be attributed to discrepancies between the meteorological model forcing data and the observations. Finally, we show that HydroPy performs very similar to MPI-HM and, thus, conclude the successful transition from MPI-HM to HydroPy.
Semi-Anchored Multi-Step Gradient Descent Ascent Method for Structured Nonconvex-Nonconcave Composite Minimax Problems

Minimax problems, such as generative adversarial network, adversarial training, and fair training, are widely solved by a multi-step gradient descent ascent (MGDA) method in practice. However, its convergence guarantee is limited. In this paper, inspired by the primal-dual hybrid gradient method, we propose a new semi-anchoring (SA) technique for the MGDA method. This makes the MGDA method ﬁnd a stationary point of a structured nonconvex-nonconcave composite minimax problem; its saddle-subdiﬀerential operator satisﬁes the weak Minty variational inequality condition. The resulting method, named SA-MGDA, is built upon a Bregman proximal point method. We further develop its backtracking line-search version, and its non-Euclidean version for smooth adaptable functions. Numerical experiments, including a fair classiﬁcation training, are provided.
Autoantibodies in Bullous Pemphigoid FcR-Independent Effects of IgE and IgG

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a subepidermal blistering disease characterized by IgE and IgG class autoantibodies speciﬁc for 180-kDa BPAg 2 (BP180), a protein involved in cell-substrate attachment. Although some direct effects of BP IgG have been observed on keratinocytes, no study to date has examined direct effects of BP IgE. In this study, we use primary cultures of human keratinocytes to demonstrate Ag-speciﬁc binding and internalization of BP IgE. Moreover, when BP IgE and BP IgG were compared, both isotypes stimulated FcR- independent production of IL-6 and IL-8, cytokines critical for BP pathology, and elicited changes in culture conﬂuence and viability. We then used a human skin organ culture model to test the direct effects of these Abs on the skin, whereas excluding the immune inﬂammatory processes that are triggered by these Abs. In these experiments, physiologic concentrations of BP IgE and BP IgG exerted similar effects on human skin by stimulating IL-6 and IL-8 production and decreasing the number of hemidesmosomes localized at the basement membrane zone. We propose that the Ab-mediated loss of hemidesmosomes could weaken attachment of basal keratinocytes to the basement membrane zone of affected skin, thereby contributing to blister formation. In this article, we identify a novel role for IgE class autoantibodies in BP mediated through an interaction with BP180 on the keratinocyte surface. In addition, we provide evidence for an FcR-independent mechanism for both IgE and IgG class autoantibodies that could contribute to BP pathogenesis. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 187: 000–000.
Effect of Dietary Fish Oil on Azoxymethane-induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Male F344 Rats1

The effect of dietary intake of different levels of Menhaden fish oil on azoxymethane-induced carcinogenesis was examined in male F344 rats fed the semipurified diets. Starting at 5 weeks of age, groups of animals were fed the 5% corn oil (low corn oil) diet. At 7 weeks of age, all animals except the vehicle-treated controls were given s.c. injections of azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight/week for 2 weeks). After 4 days, groups of animals were fed the diets containing 4% Menhaden oil +1% corn oil (low fish oil), 22.5% Menhaden oil +1% corn oil (high fish oil), 5% corn oil, and 23.5% corn oil (high corn oil). Thirty-four weeks after azoxymethane injections, all animals were necropsied. High fish oil diet had no tumor promoting effect in the large intestine when compared to the high corn oil diet. There was no difference in large intestinal tumor incidence among the other dietary groups. The results of this study indicate that fish oils rich in highly polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids do not enhance large bowel carcinogenesis and that the fatty acid composi tion of the dietary fat is one of the determining factors in large bowel carcinogenesis.
Multiple Air Quality Monitoring Evidence of the Impacts of Large-scale Social Restrictions during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Air pollution is a top contributor to global mortality. Air quality issues abound in developing Asian countries, but during COVID-19 lockdowns, urban air quality improved due to the reduction in public mobility and fuel consumption. In Indonesia, the Large-Scale Social Restriction (LSSR) program was implemented to prevent the wider spread of COVID-19, especially in large urban areas. It was not a total lockdown program but had the purpose of reducing urban public mobility. This study investigated the effects of social restrictions on air quality in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were obtained from our long-term monitoring of fine (PM2.5) and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5-10) and compositions collected at a site in South Jakarta. Other data were obtained from the environmental protection agency’s (EPA’s) air quality monitoring station in Central Jakarta including PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3. The spatial distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) in Jakarta measured by a sun photometer and satellite data were used to assess the spatial distribution of AOD across Jakarta. During the first LSSR implementation period from 15 March to 30 May 2020, there were decreased average SO2, CO, NO, NO2, and NOX concentrations of 40 to 60% compared to the same period in 2019. However, O3 increased by 33% likely due to reduction in NOX emissions. The PM2.5 decline reached ~40%, but a similar decline was not observed for PM10. Elemental and black carbon concentration data showed reductions that ranged from 30% to more than 50%. Consistent with the PM observations, both ground and satellite based AOD showed reductions in the aerosol column burden over the city. The ground based AOD values showed moderate correlations with PM2.5. The results confirmed that significant reduction in public mobility was highly associated with the improvement of local air quality which useful to derive future control strategies.
Attitude Towards Studying in Different Periods of Russian School Education Development

Основанием для проведения исследования послужила гипотеза о том, что отношение к учению подростков, завершающих курс основного общего образования, меняется в зависимости от конкретных социально-экономических требований общества. Отношение к учению рассматривается в единстве его мотивационного и эмоционального компонентов. Представлены результаты сравнительно-исторического анализа отношения к учению выпускников основной школы и их сверстников послевоенных лет и эпохи развитого социализма. Исходными для сопоставления стали данные исследований, проводившихся в научной школе Л. И. Божович во второй половине прошлого столетия. Методический инструментарий и параметры выборки испытуемых определялись в соответствии с требованиями сравнительно-исторического исследования. Сравнение с данными исследований советской эпохи производилось как по количественным параметрам, так и по качественным описаниям возрастных закономерностей развития личности подростков. Показано, что социальная ситуация развития оказывает значимое влияние на содержание и структуру учебной мотивации выпускников неполной средней школы. В послевоенные годы наиболее значимыми оказывались мотивы получения профессии, а в годы застоя — учебно-познавательные мотивы, причем их ранговые позиции были удалены друг от друга на несколько пунктов. Для современных выпускников эти мотивы сблизились и занимают лидирующие позиции в иерархии: учебно-познавательные мотивы выступают в роли мотивовстимулов, а следующие за ними мотивы получения профессии выполняют смыслообразующую функцию. Отношение к учению у сегодняшних выпускников основной школы эмоционально более насыщенное и противоречивое, чем у их сверстников послевоенных лет и эпохи застоя, что свидетельствует о напряженности ситуации самоопределения в условиях вариативности современной образовательной среды.
Effects of inspired oxygen fractions in rabbits anesthetized with isoflurane or sevoflurane, maintained on spontaneous ventilation

It is important to identify the best inspired fraction of oxygen in a variety of situations, including sevoflurane or isoflurane anesthesia, in spontaneously breathing rabbits. For this, 64 rabbits were assigned to eight groups: GI100 (FiO2= 1,0 + isoflurane), GS100 (FiO2= 1,0 + sevoflurane), GI80 (FiO2= 0,8 + isoflurane), GS80 (FiO2= 0,8 + sevoflurane), GI60 (FiO2= 0,6 + isoflurane), GS60 (FiO2= 0,6 + sevoflurane), GI21 (FiO2= 0,21 + isoflurane), GS21 (FiO2= 0,21 + sevoflurane). The induction was performed with (2.5MAC) of the anesthetic. The vaporizer was setted at 1.5 MAC and FiO2 as attributed for each group. After the induction, the concentration was changed to 1 MAC. Measurements of parameters were performed 30 minutes after induction (T0), and then at 15 minute intervals (from T15 to T60). The arterial partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2), alveolar oxygen partial pressure (PAO2) and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient [P(A-a)O2] were higher with the use of high FiO2. The GI80 showed higher levels of PaO2 FiO2 ratio and respiratory index (RI). In conclusion, the FiO2 of 0.21 is not indicated, because it causes hypoxemia. The isoflurane determines better ventilation when compared to sevoflurane, but isoflurane associated with 80% of oxygen promotes intrapulmonary shunt increase.
Seasonal changes of iceberg distribution and surface area in the Amundsen Sea Embayment

10 Icebergs have a significant influence on local and potentially global climate by 11 altering ocean and sea ice environments. An object-based method for automatic 12 iceberg detection has been applied to 2442 SAR images acquired during all 13 seasons between 2006-2012 in the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE), Antarctica. 14 During this period a total count of icebergs and their surface area were calculated 15 in different seasons and months. There is a clear seasonal variability in icebergs 16 number and surface area in the ASE. The highest values of both parameters are 17 observed during austral winter, the lowest during austral summer. The changes 18 concern mostly the icebergs smaller than 2 km and pertain to the area north of the 19 Pine Island Bay. A general westward drift of icebergs was observed in the ASE 20 shelf area. The drift patterns and the seasonal variation of the distribution indicate 21 that the drift of icebergs in the northern part of the ASE is strongly modulated by 22 sea ice. They indicate mostly allochtonous origin of those bergs (icebergs 23 imported from the Bellingshausen Sea represent about 25-35% of the total surface 24
Evaluation of diagnostic value of nucleated red blood cell count in the early neonatal sepsis

Objective 1. To Evaluate diagnostic value of Nucleated Red blood cell count in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. 2. To compare and correlate raised Nrbcs with blood culture in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Material and Method: A prospective study was conducted from January2017 to January 2019, in a Tertiary care private Hospital of 120 neonatses neonates with predisposing perinatal risk factors or if there was clinical suspicion of sepsis. Peripheral Blood smears were examined for haematological parameters along with NRBCS count. The data collected was statistically analyzed, to find out the performance of the test individually and in comparison to gold standard that is blood culture under the following parameters. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Results: Presence of Nrbcs in peripheral smears of culture positive sepsis noted in 82.14% cases. Sensitivity of Nrbcs is 78.57%. Specificity is 89.13%, Positive predictive value 68.75%, Negative predictive value 93.18%. Conclusion: Nrbcs is a single, quick, cost-effective and readily available, feasible tool with good sensitivity and specificity in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. It gives comparable results to blood culture and can be done even in small hospitals and in peripheral setups, allowing prompt treatment of infected neonates and thereby reducing morbidity and mortality.
Quality of tomatoes grown on different substrates and harvested in three harvest periods

Research was carried out on tomato cultivar "Belle" grown in a hydroponic system in four growing substrates (soil, perlite, expanded clay and rockwool) during two years. Depending on growing substrate, average fresh fruit weights and average total fruit yields ranged from 168.0 to 216.9 g and from 33.7 to 47.8 kg/m 2 in the first year, and from 185.7 to 201.0 g and 29.10 to 42.14 kg/m 2 in the second year, respectively. Fruits were analyzed for the content of dry matter (%), total soluble solids (°Brix), total acidity (g/kg citric acid), pH, NaCI (%) and ascorbic acid (mg/100 g FW). Average dry matter content ranged from 4.60 to 6.61%, total acids ranged from 2.4 to 5.0 g/kg, total soluble solids from 3.0 to 4.0°Brix, ratio of total soluble solids to total acids was from 7.58 to 18.69, pH values were from 4.15 to 4.72, ascorbic acid 12.67 to 24.47 (mg/100 g FW), NaCI from 0.09 to 0.45%. Results of chemical analyses indicate good quality of tomato fruits from plants grown in soil as well as of those grown in other soil less substrates. Tomatoes produced in different substrates were of uniform quality.