Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Series Capacitor Compensated AC Filterless Flexible LCC HVDC With Enhanced Power Transfer Under Unbalanced Faults

This paper introduces significant performance enhancements to the ac filterless LCC HVDC by including fixed series capacitors at the primary side of a converter transformer. In terms of technical performance, 1) the amount of active power that can be transmitted is increased by more than 60% compared with ac filterless LCC HVDC, especially under severe unbalanced fault such as single-phase fault (most common fault in power systems); 2) the required voltage level of the controllable capacitor for Commutation Failure (CF) elimination is reduced by more than 70%, which leads to considerable reductions of the associated costs and losses. In terms of economic performance, due to the reduction of the required voltage from controllable capacitors (hence, the number of power electronic devices), the cost of the proposed converter station is lower than that of the ac filterless LCC HVDC. Theoretical analysis is presented to illustrate the performance enhancements and select the size of the series capacitor. Simulation results for various kinds of faults and cost analysis are presented to validate the technical and economic performances of the proposed method. Comparisons are made with ac filterless LCC HVDC. Finally, various practical issues and possible solutions are discussed.
The Returns to Face-to-Face Interactions: Knowledge Spillovers in Silicon Valley

The returns to face-to-face interactions are of central importance to understanding the determinants of agglomeration. However, the existing literature studying patterns of geographic proximity in patent citations or industrial co-location has struggled to disentangle the benefits of face-to-face interactions from other spatial spillovers. In this paper, we use highly granular smartphone geolocation data to measure face-to-face interactions (or meetings) between workers at different establishments in Silicon Valley. To study the degree to which knowledge flows result from such interactions, we explore the relationship between these meetings and the citations among the firms these workers belong to. As firms may organize meetings with those they wish to learn from, we isolate causal impacts of face-to-face meetings by instrumenting with the meetings between workers in adjacent firms that belong to unconnected industries. Our IV approach estimates substantial returns to face-to-face meetings with overidentification tests suggesting we are capturing the returns to serendipity that play a central role in the urban theories of Jane Jacobs.
Gender Diversity and Firms’ Sustainable Performance: Moderating Role of CEO Duality in Emerging Equity Market

The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of female representation on boards and female CEOs on firms’ sustainable performance in the context of an emerging economy. We also introduce the CEO duality as a moderator variable between sustainable firm performance and board gender diversity. For this purpose, the study uses a panel data sample from 2005 to 2020 for non-financial listed firms in Pakistan. We use the firm’s operational self-sufficiency for the sustainable performance of firms. For robustness, the study also uses other accounting-based and market-based proxies. We apply the static (fixed and random effect) and dynamic panel estimation (GMM) techniques to deal with the heterogeneity and dynamic endogeneity issues in panel data estimation. The finding shows a significant positive impact of female directors on board and female CEOs on sustainable performance, whereas CEO duality does not moderate this relationship. Furthermore, we find that CEO duality has a significant negative impact on firms’ sustainable performance, which supports the agency theory hypothesis. The study also controls corporate board level factors, including board size and board independence, and uses leverage, firm size, capital expenditure, and tangible assets as firm-level control. The results also reveal that board size and board independence have a significant positive impact on firms’ sustainable performance. Furthermore, firm size, tangibility, and firm age have a significant positive, whereas leverage and capital expenditure have a negative impact on firms’ sustainable performance. Finally, the study has policy implications for stakeholders.
Craniocervical Junction Visualization and Radiation Dose Consideration Utilizing Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Upper Cervical Chiropractic Clinical Application a Literature Review

Objectives To highlight the detail obtained on a Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scan of the craniocervical junction and its usefulness to Chiropractors who specialize in the upper cervical spine. A review of the dose considerations to patients vs radiography in a chiropractic clinical setting and to review the effective radiation dose to the patient. Methods A review of studies discussing cervical biomechanics, neurovascular structures, and abnormal radiographic findings, was discussed in relation to chiropractic clinical relevance. Further studies were evaluated demonstrating radiation dose to the patient from radiographs compared to CBCT. Results Incidental and abnormal findings of the craniocervical junction were shown to have superior visualization with CBCT compared to radiography. The radiation dose to the patient for similar imaging protocols to the craniocervical junction and cervical spine was equal or less utilizing CBCT when compared to radiographs. Conclusions The use of CBCT for visualization of the craniocervical junction and cervical spine in the chiropractic clinical setting allows for adjunctive visualization of the osseous structures which is germane to clinical protocol. Further with CBCT the effective dose to the patient is equal or less than similar imaging protocols utilizing radiographs to evaluate the craniocervical junction.
Self-Talk and Exposure in the Reduction of Avoidance in Aquaphobic Children.

Efficacy of verbal self-regulation and in vivo exposure, as compared to placebo treatments, was tested in reduction of water avoidance in aguaphobic children. Forty-seven aguaphobic subjects were assigned to one of five conditions: 1) Self-talk with imaginal exposure (ST); 2) Self-talk with ^n vivo exposure (ST/E); 3) Attention Control with imaginal exposure (AC); 4) Attention Control with in vivo exposure (AC/E); 5) No Treatment Control (NTC). Children in the ST/E and AC/E groups demonstrated the greatest gains in reduction of avoidance, while those in the ST and ST/E groups showed greater gains in swim proficiency. As compared to the NTC, all treatment groups improved significantly in water approach behavior. Supplementary findings revealed low internal locus of control and a greater number of verbalizations of fear and avoidance to predict reduced improvement in reduction of avoidance. No significant predictors of swim proficiency were found. Self-rated motivation and efficacy were not predictive of improvement. Descriptive data based on parental report revealed males to be more fearful and sensitive than a normative sample, but less so than a phobic sample. Females were described as more fearful and sensitive than normals, but not less than phobics. It was concluded that self-talk and in vivo exposure can be of value when used as an adjunct to swim instructions and that measures of locus of control and subjective story responses can be effectively used as a screening tool to predict response to swim instruction.
Study of the Interaction of Ti–Zn as a Mixed Oxide at Different pH Values Synthesized by the Sol–Gel Method and Its Antibacterial Properties

TiO2, ZnO, and their combination (TiO2–ZnO) at different molar ratios and pH values (Ti–Zn A and B 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) via the sol–gel method were characterized by SEM, XRD, UV-Vis, and FT-IR. Moreover, antibacterial tests of the nanoparticles were conducted against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella paratyphi (S. paratyphi), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). The indirect bandgap of the Ti–Zn binary oxide synthesized in the basic process at molar ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 exhibited a higher eV (3.31, 3.30, and 3.19 eV, respectively) compared to pure TiO2 (3.2 eV) and synthesized in the acid process (3.22, 3.29, and 3.19 eV at same molar ratio, respectively); in addition, the results of the indirect bandgap were interesting due to a difference found by other authors. Moreover, the sol–gel method promoted the formation of a spherical, semi-sphere, and semi-hexagonal shape (TiO2, Ti–Zn 1:1, and Ti–Zn 1:3) with a size ≤ 150 nm synthesized during the acid process, with a crystallite size of ~71, ~12, ~34, and ~21 nm, respectively, while ZnO NPs developed a hexagonal and large size (200–800 nm) under the same synthesis process (acid). Samples were classified as TiO2 anatase phase (basic synthesis); however, the presented changes developed in the rutile phase (24% rutile phase) at an acid pH during the synthesis process. Moreover, Ti–Zn maintained the anatase phase even with a molar ratio of 1:3. The most interesting assessment was the antibacterial test; the Ti–Zn A (1:3) demonstrated a bacteriostatic effect compared with all treatments except ZnO, which showed a similar effect in dark conditions, and only Gram-positive bacteria were susceptible (Listeria monocytogenes > Staphylococcus aureus). Therefore, the Ti–Zn characteristic suggests that the results have potential in treating wastewater as well as in pharmaceutical (as drug carriers) and medical applications.
Tunable slot antenna backed by substrate integrated waveguide cavity

In this article, we present a new frequency reconfigurable SIW cavity antenna feed with a GCPW transmission line. The studied design consists of a slotted cavity backed antenna tuned by the integration of three varactor diodes in the radiating slot. The antenna has a compact size with an overall dimensions of 29.6 × 34.8 × 0.508 mm3. By changing the DC biasing voltages of the three diodes, the resonant frequency vary within a wide range of 0.9 GHz while maintaining stable radiation patterns oriented in the broadside direction. Besides, the antenna gain remains greater than 4.5 dBi in the frequency range of agility. The proposed antenna was fabricated and tested in an anechoic chamber and the measured results were well correlated with the simulation. The proposed antenna can offer a significant income for many applications such as the radars and the satellite communications.
Industrial Energy Management Systems and Energy-Related Decision-Making

Transitions is today’s debate in almost all topics both in academia and practice. Energy transitions among others, have received relatively more attention, due to the global demand for increasing energy efficiency and lowering environmental impacts. In recent decades, energy management systems, through implementing energy management programs and related practices within industrial companies, have played a vital role in enhancing industrial energy efficiency performance levels. However, still there are problems at very first step of energy management program installation, which is decision-making. Despite market and non-market failures, lack of information, inadequate knowledge, the consequent increase in the perception of risk and uncertainty can be addressed as potential reasons for mentioned problems. Another essential reason can be explained through how an energy program is characterized by people who are attending at an energy-related decision desk. Keeping in mind that allocation of the budget for any investment should not only have financial conformation, but also a strategic value for the company, this paper aims to discuss the impacting parameters on industrial energy-related decision-making and behavior patterns with respect to the critical role of industrial energy management systems.
Politics of the Debtfare State: Repoliticizing the Czech Debt Enforcement Order and Its Limits

In Czechia, one of the statistically most equal and least indebted states, almost one-tenth of its (mostly low-income) population is entrapped in debt enforcement proceedings. I foreground such a contradiction to investigate the politics of the debtfare state in East-Central Europe (ECE). This nuances the scholarship on the repolitization of the ECE neoliberal state by populist forces and their instrumentalization of its middle-class welfare state strategies in the 2010s. Identifying the Czech debt enforcement industry as a leading poverty industry in ECE, I explore its depoliticizing origins in the Debt Enforcement Order (DEO), a flagship legal framework regulating the creditor–debtor–bailiff relations. Interpreting the political struggle over the DEO-centered debtfare state strategy, I then trace its limited repolitization since the mid-2010s, which redirects its reforms from their original pro-creditor and -bailiff prioritization to a prioritization of low-income debtors. This politics complements the repolitization of the neoliberal state beyond populism.
Problems faced by the crop farmers related to extension services provided by department of agricultural extension in Bangladesh

The Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) has a long history of providing extension services to Bangladesh's crop farmers. This study attempted to explore the extent of problems that crop farmers faced regarding acquiring the extension services provided by DAE. This study was conducted in three villages of Gauripur Upazila (sub-district) in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. A face-to-face interview was conducted with 100 sampled farmers for the data collection on a pre-tested and structured interview schedule. The key variable, named as the extent of problems was measured using a 4-point rating scale. Both enter and step-wise regression models were employed on the data. Results indicated that half of the respondents faced a moderate level of problems while 40% faced a high level of problems. The extension workers' poor communication skill was the most critical issue, followed by insufficient resources and maintaining contact with resource-rich farmers as perceived by the respondents. Crop farmers' education, perceived economic return, the experience of participating in extension activities, training, and fatalism were significantly associated with the problems faced by them. Education, perceived economic return, the experience of participating in extension activities, and training were discovered to be essential determinants of the degree of problems related to extension services. The study identified several chances for the policymakers to address influential factors for improving crop extension services of DAE. Furthermore, improved coordination and providing crop farmers with need-based training and resources may help mitigate the identified issues.
Buffer Components Incorporate into the Framework of Polyserotonin Nanoparticles and Films during Synthesis

Polyserotonin nanoparticles (PSeNP) and films are bioinspired nanomaterials that have potential in biomedical applications and surface coatings. As studies on polyserotonin (PSe) nanoparticles and films are still in their infancy, synthetic pathways and material development for this new class of nanomaterial await investigation. Here, we sought to determine how different buffers used during the polymerization of serotonin to form nanoparticles and films impact the physicochemical properties of PSe materials. We show that buffer components are incorporated into the polymer matrix, which is also supported by density functional theory calculations. While we observed no significant differences between the elasticity of nanoparticles synthesized in the different buffers, the nanoscale surface properties of PSe films revealed dissimilarities in surface functional groups influenced by solvent molecules. Overall, the results obtained in this work can be used towards the rational design of PSe nanomaterials with tailored properties and for specific applications.
Analysis of Blood Groups from Fingerprint Patterns of Turkish Citizens

This study examines 10 fingerprints of each of 82 Turkish citizens the ages between 18 and 70 and presents the results of blood group distribution of people from only fingerprints. The fingerprint patterns are first divided into 3 categories such as loop, whorl and arches. The blood group distribution was then analyzed according to these categories. It was found that the loop-type patterns were found more intensively than other patterns, AB blood group had little relation among loop-type patterns and loop rate for A blood group is higher. The results were compared to other types of patterns. The results were also demonstrated that the relation among fingerprint feature vectors and blood groups might exist and blood group can be achieved from fingerprints. It is expected that the proposed analysis might help to develop systems and various new applications such as determination of blood group of a criminal from a fingerprint found on crime scene and determination of blood group of a person when he/she borns fastly and without any cost.
Dual Block Copolymer Morphologies in Ultrathin Films on Topographic Substrates: The Effect of Film Curvature

The ability to create mixed morphologies using easily controlled parameters is crucial for the integration of block copolymers in advanced technologies. We have previously shown that casting an ultrathin block copolymer film on a topographically patterned substrate results in different deposited thicknesses on the plateaus and in the trenches, which leads to the co-existence of two patterns. In this work, we highlight the dependence of the dual patterns on the film profile. We suggest that the steepness of the film profile formed across the plateau edge affects the nucleation of microphase-separated domains near the plateau edges, which influences the morphology that develops on the plateau regions. An analysis of the local film thicknesses in multiple samples exhibiting various combinations of plateau and trench widths for different trench depths enabled the construction of phase diagrams, which unraveled the intricate dependence of the formed patterns not only on the curvature of the film profile but also on the fraction of the film that resides in the trenches. Our analysis facilitates the prediction of the patterns that would develop in the trenches and on the plateaus for a given block copolymer film of known thickness from the dimensions of the topographic features.
A Five Year Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Antibody Responses to a Commercial and Autogenous Vaccine for the Prevention of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis

A randomized control trial was performed over a five-year period to assess the efficacy and antibody response induced by autogenous and commercial vaccine formulations against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). Calves were randomly assigned each year to one of three arms: an autogenous vaccine treatment that included Moraxella bovis (M. bovis), Moraxella bovoculi, and Mycoplasma bovoculi antigens, a commercial M. bovis vaccine treatment, or a sham vaccine treatment that consisted only of adjuvant. A total of 1198 calves were enrolled in the study. Calves were administered the respective vaccines approximately 21 days apart, just prior to turnout on summer pastures. Treatment effects were analyzed for IBK incidence, retreatment incidence, 205-day adjusted weaning weights, and antibody response to the type IV pilus protein (pili) of M. bovis as measured by a novel indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent screening assay (ELISA). Calves vaccinated with the autogenous formulation experienced a decreased cumulative incidence of IBK over the entire study compared to those vaccinated with the commercial and sham formulations (24.5% vs. 30.06% vs. 30.3%, respectively, p = 0.25), and had less IBK cases that required retreatment compared to the commercial and sham formulations (21.4% vs. 27.9% vs. 34.3%, respectively, p = 0.15), but these differences were not significant. The autogenous formulation induced a significantly stronger antibody response than the commercial (p = 0.022) and sham formulations (p = 0.001), but antibody levels were not significantly correlated with IBK protection (p = 0.37).
Silence of the wealthy: How the wealthiest 0.1% avoid the media and resort to hidden strategies of advocacy

As the wealthiest groups have emerged as increasingly significant in societies, this article explores society's wealth elites from the vantage point of media and communication studies. Bridging the literature on policy advocacy and mediatisation, the article examines the hidden and public advocacy strategies of the wealthy. Drawing from 90 interviews with the wealthiest 0.1% in Finland, this study shows the wealthy's highly strategic stance towards the media and journalism. Most of all, they prefer to avoid the media and journalism, while actively using hidden advocacy strategies and being confident in their ability to wield political influence. As a consequence, the wealth elites may remain hidden from the public eye, making them ‘shadow elites’, whose power and scrutinisation pose a challenge to society and journalists as well. The findings support the view that paradoxically, one reaction to mediatisation – the media's heightened powers – is the deliberate avoidance of it.
Species diversity of the freshwater red algal genus Kumanoa in Taiwan with the description of two new species: Kumanoa taiwanensis sp. nov. and Kumanoa yuanyangensis sp. nov.

ABSTRACT The genus Kumanoa is the most species-rich group in freshwater red algae. Only one species, K. mahlacensis, has been reported in Taiwan. Here, we described two new species, K. taiwanensis and K. yuanyangensis. Based on rbcL and cox1, K. taiwanensis differs from its sister lineage (K. curvata and K. intorta, both endemic to China) by 3.7%–3.9% and 6.6%, while K. yuanyangensis differs from its sister species, K. vittata (endemic to Australia), by 2.9% and 8.2%. These genetic differences exceed the threshold of species boundary in Kumanoa, supporting their establishment as new species. The two new species proposed are also supported by three algorithmic species delimitation methods (i.e. ABGD, SPN and GMYC). In addition to molecular evidence, K. taiwanensis can be morphologically distinguished from K. intorta and K. curvata by having carposporophytes embedded in the whorl radius, monosporangia on the fascicles but not on the involucral filaments, and the lack of bisporangia. Kumanoa yuanyangensis can be morphologically differentiated from K. vittata by having barrel-shaped whorls and spermatangia on the regular fascicles but not on the short, specialized fascicles. Comparing the three Taiwanese species, K. mahlacensis and K. taiwanensis are dark green or blue green in colour and occur in warm alkaline environments, reflecting their close phylogenetic affinity. In constrast, Kumanoa yuanyangensis is dark red-brown in colour, lacks monosporangia and occurs in a cold and acidic environment. This study expands the known diversity of Kumonoa and sheds light onto their biogeography.