Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Education, training and innovation in the National Development Plan 2030

At the end of each year, many of us make resolutions for the year ahead. We will eat more healthily, join a gym (or attend more frequently), contribute more to our pension fund, be more diligent at work. As the new year rolls in, the challenges we face are those of turning the resolutions into practices and, once that has been accomplished, sustaining the good intentions throughout the year - and the years ahead.
ROLE OF RAB 14 DURING PHAGOSOMAL MATURATION AND ITS IMPLICATION IN THE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IMMUNE RESPONSE

Title of Document: ROLE OF RAB14 DURING PHAGOSOMAL MATURATION AND ITS IMPLICATION IN THE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IMMUNE RESPONSE Aprajita Garg, Doctor of Philosophy, 2012 Directed By: Dr. Louisa P. Wu, Associate Professor Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics Phagocytosis is a vital component of Drosophila cellular immunity. The sequential interaction of a phagosome with the endocytic compartments entails docking and fusion and requires the role of many RabGTPases. We identified Rab14 as a possible regulator of phagosome maturation in an in vivo screen. Expression studies indicated the presence of Rab14 in hemocytes in both larval and adult stages. To further characterize the role of Rab14 during phagocytosis, a Rab14 mutant was generated. The Rab14 mutant displayed no difference in the phagocytic uptake of E.coli or S.aureus, however the kinetics of phagosome maturation for both microbes was decreased. Cell biology studies indicated delayed acquisition of the late endosomal marker, Rab7 and the lysosomal marker, Spinster, on the S.aureus phagosome. Since recruitment of the early endosomal marker Rab5 was not affected, we concluded Rab14 functions downstream to Rab5 and is essential for efficient Rab7 recruitment on microbial phagosomes. Rab14 itself was recruited during both the early and late phagosomal stages and in accordance with that, it showed colocalization with both Rab5 and Rab7 on endosomes. Rab14 mutants also showed a defect in endosomal maturation, suggesting Rab14 is also essential during endocytosis. Rab14 mutants demonstrated defects in the induction of the specific antimicrobial peptides Cecropin and Defensin in response to S.aureus infection, indicating a possible crosstalk between the cellular and humoral response. Along with that, Rab14 mutants also showed defects in the expression of the Toll ligand Spatzle, in response to infection. Hence we propose Rab14 regulates expression of specific antimicrobial peptides through the cytokine Spatzle. The inefficient cellular and humoral responses result in increased susceptibility of Rab14 mutants to bacterial infection. This could be rescued by hemocyte-specific expression of Rab14, suggesting its role in the hemocytes is essential for the immune response against S. aureus. Our study identifying a role for Rab14 during phagosomal maturation gives insight on the pathogenesis of M.tuberculosis, a pathogen which manipulates Rab14 to subvert phagosome maturation. Moreover it identifies Rab14 function during cellular and humoral responses as an integral component of the Drosophila immune response against S.aureus. ROLE OF RAB14 DURING PHAGOSOMAL MATURATION AND ITS IMPLICATION IN THE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IMMUNE RESPONSE.
Rumen Degradability of Dry Matter and Crude Protein of Diets Containing Acacia Angustissima, Leucaena Trichandra and Calliandra Calothyrsus

Samples of browse legume diets Acacia angustissima (AA), Leucaena trichandra (LT) and Calliandra calothyrsus (CC) were evaluated for degradability using the nylon bag technique with three rumen-cannulated steers in order to determine dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) disappearance. The browse legumes were included in the diets at 30% and they were made isonitrogenous such that each diet contained 16% CP. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used in this trial. The nylon bags were sequentially added for 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The results showed that the A. angustissima diet had a significantly higher (P<0.05) effective degradability value (81.85%) for DM than the L. trichandra diet (73.15%) and C. calothyrsus (62.27%) diets at a k-value of 0.02. The effective degradability of CP of 56.5% for A. angustissima diet was significantly different (P<0.05) from L. trichandra (38.0 %) and C. calothyrsus (24.9%). Potential degradability of DM ranged from 61% (CC) to 82.4% (AA) while that for CP ranged from 25.2% (CC) to 57.12% (AA). The findings of this study showed that diets prepared using A. angustissima were more degradable than those from L. trichandra and C. calothyrsus possibly due to differences in tannin content. It is concluded that highly degradable diets can be formulated for small ruminants using browse legumes.
Spain-Bangladesh International Trade for Small and Medium Enterprises: Exploring the Potential Scopes

There exists no adverse relation between Spain and Bangladesh instead it is seen rare international as well as bilateral relation of these two countries and we found scopes for engaging international trade for both of the countries. Spain is a country capable of producing for example, a lot of electronic products. In Bangladesh, there are growing demand for some of the top listed goods like vehicles, machineries and more. The surplus of these goods if any, exported to that country, a huge foreign currency may be achieved and thus the country may be financially benefited to cope with the existing market recession. On the other hand, there are some top listed exporting goods of Bangladesh including clothing, labor, leather, and more. Spain might get economic advantage to some extent from international trade with Bangladesh. Thus, from both side export-import trade relationship of these Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), both countries can be economically benefited and thus Spain can get solution for reducing existing recession to some extent and Bangladesh can find a feasible solution to achieve the vision 2021 of digital Bangladesh and 2041 of being a developed country in the world. Again, there will be a bilateral relationship between these two countries. This study attempts to justify the relevance and feasibility for Spain of the goods to be exported to and imported from Bangladesh. The findings of this qualitative study show that there are possible scopes and fields to make a big deal between Spain and Bangladesh and thus the international trade for SMEs would positively contribute to the economic development of the both parties
Seasonal effects on diet of two arid zone Dasyurids, Dasycercus Cristicauda and Ningaui Ridei (Dasyuridae, Marsupialia)

Seasonal fluctuations in rainfall and food availability are thought to change populations of arid zone mammals dramatically over time. Competition between similar species for limited food resources is believed to be a major factor in the evolution and maintenance of population assemblages. Animals foraging in arid regions must be responsive to the unreliable distribution of nutrients and food resources to ensure the survival of viable populations. Adaptive physiological traits and behavioural mechanisms of arid zone animals allow them to survive extreme conditions and the ability to switch between prey species in adverse conditions is an advantageous strategy. This study was conducted in Mt Keith, Western Australia and investigated the diet of two dasyurid marsupials D. cristicauda and N. ridei. The project was designed to determine if seasonal changes were present in the diet of D. cristicauda and N. ridei, construct a reference collection of local invertebrates, compare the availability of captured fauna with faecal material and detennine the efficiency of different pitfall traps for capturing prey. Results have shown that both D. cristicauda and N. ridei are predominantly insectivorous and select similar prey types, although the frequency in which prey types are observed in faecal pellets differed between the two species. Differences were also recorded between prey frequency and time of sampling for each species. When comparing different pitfall traps to determine efficiency, capture rate of potential prey changed in response to trap type and season. This study concurs with other research, whereby seasonal shifts in diet were reported in D. cristicauda populations in both the Simpson Desert and in central Australia. These dietary changes were attributed to changes in the availability of potential prey, due to the influences of season and drought; and changes in the selection of prey in response to balancing the costs of reproduction. The ability of these animals to switch between prey sources is advantageous in arid regions where resources fluctuate in response to climatic changes.
Suppression of Ostrinia nubilalis by Trichogramma nubilale in sweet corn

We conducted inundative release experiments with Trichogramma nubilale (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to suppress Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sweet corn (Zea mays): two experiment during O. nubilalis first generation and three experiments during second generation. Five measurements of ear and stalk damage were used to assess O. nubilalis control in treated and untreated plots within each experimental field. In one experiment during second generation, natural O. nubilalis populations were sufficiently high to demonstrate that the parasitoids (three releases totaling 4.4 million parasitoids per ha) parasitized an estimated 57.4% of the placed O. nubilalis egg masses and reduced the mean number of O. nubilalis larvae per ear by 97.4%, the number of tunnels per stalk by 92.9%, and the number of larvae per stalk by 94.3% in the release plot. Ear damage in this experiment was suppressed to meet acceptable standards for use in cut‐corn commercial processing. Larval mortality was apparently density independent, which implies that density‐dependent larval loss would not compensate for egg parasitism by T. nubilale.
Biochemistry of Metal Micronutrients in the Rhizosphere

Biochemistry of Metal Micronutrients in the Rhizosphere: An Introduction (J.A. Manthey, D.G. Luster, and D.E. Crowley). Iron in Biology (J.B. Neilands). Iron Acquisition and Virulence of the Bacterial Genus Aeromonas (B.R. Byers and J.E.L. Arceneaux). Iron Uptake and Siderophore Formation in the Actinorhizal Symbiont Frankia (G.L. Boyer and D.B. Aronson). The Role of Siderophores in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation by Legume Root Nodule Bacteria (L.L. Barton, C.R. Vester, P.R. Gill, Jr., and J.B. Neilands). Microbial Siderophores and Rhizosphere Ecology (J.S. Buyer, M.G. Kratzke, and L.J. Sikora). Role of Siderophores in Plant Growth Promotion and Plant Protection by Fluorescent Pseudomonads (M. Hofte, M.V. Woestyne, and W. Verstraete). Contribution of Mycorrhizal Fungi to Micronutrient Uptake by Plants (E. George, V. Romheld, and H. Marschner). Contributions of VA-Mycorrhiza to Zinc Uptake in Plants (A.K. Sharma, P.C. Srivastava, and B.N. Johri). Control of Mn Status in Plants and Rhizosphere: Genetic Aspects of Host and Pathogen Effects in the Wheat Take-All Interaction (Z. Rengel, J.F. Pedler, and R.D. Graham). The Interactions of Manganese and Iron (H.M. Reisenauer). The Chemistry and Role of Metal Ion Chelation in Plant Uptake Processes (S.H. Laurie and J.A. Manthey). Recent Aspects of Mn and Zn Absorption and Translocation in Cereals (M.J. Webb). Modeling of Iron Availability in the Plant Rhizosphere (D.E. Crowley and D. Gries). Mechanisms of Iron Acquisition by Graminaceous (Strategy II) Plants (S. Mori). Genetically Controlled Uptake and Use of Iron by Plants (V.D. Jolley and J.C. Brown). Mechanisms of Iron Uptake from Rhodotorulate-Iron by Tomato (G.W. Miller, S. Hasegawa, A. Shigematsu, and G.W. Welkie). Enzymatic Iron Reduction at the Root Plasma Membrane: Partial Purification of the NADH-Fe Chelate Reductase (M.J. Holden, D.G. Luster, and R.L. Chaney). Iron Uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana (Y. Yi, J.A. Saleeba, and M.L. Guerinot). The Role of Root Apoplast Acidification by the H+ Pump in Mineral Nutrition of Terrestrial Plants (J.-B. Thibaud, H. Sentenec, and C. Grignon). Salinity Alters Root Cell Wall Properties and Trace Metal Uptake in Barley (C.G. Suhayda, R.E. Redmann, and X. Wang). Soil Factors Influencing the Mobilization of Iron in Calcareous Soils (R.H. Loeppert, L.-C. Wei, and W.R. Ocumpaugh).
Regional GDP estimates for Sweden, 1571-1850

This paper provides regional GDP estimates for the 24 Swedish regions (NUTS-3) for the benchmark year 1571 and for 11 ten-year benchmarks for the period 1750-1850. The 1571 estimates are based on tax sources and agricultural statistics. The 1750-1850 estimates are produced following the widely used methodology by Geary and Stark (2002): labour force figures from population censuses at regional level are used to allocate to regions the national estimates of agriculture, industry and services while wages are used to correct for productivity differentials. By connecting our series to the existing ones by Enflo et al. (2014) for the period 1860-2010, we are able to produce the longest set of regional GDP series to date for any single country.
Utilizing the Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance Approach For Improved Performance and Executive Functioning

The Outreach Program (TOP) in the Kent School District assists young adults in their transition from high school to adulthood. The research team and Dr. Abbott, an occupational therapist at TOP, sought to address whether better outcomes when teaching instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) to adolescents with intellectual disabilities occur when addressing underlying performance skills and client factors through the Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach or when addressing them through traditional occupational therapy practices. There is strong evidence to support CO-OP as an effective strategy to improve performance and moderate evidence indicating that it improves executive functioning and cognitive flexibility for a variety of diagnoses. We recommend CO-OP be integrated into traditional therapy practices and that additional research is conducted to explore group implementation and include more diagnoses. Student researchers developed and presented an inservice presentation on the use and implementation of CO-OP in the school setting. An opportunity to receive Competency Assessment Units for NBCOT certification renewal through participation in a study group was provided during the inservice presentation to occupational therapists in Kent School District. Outcomes of this presentation were monitored through a survey to gain an understanding of whether the occupational therapists present would consider implementing CO-OP in their everyday practice. The findings suggest that the majority of people who attended the inservice presentation were interested in seeking more information regarding CO-OP without participating in the NBCOT study group. Additional research in the form of a scoping review is recommended in order to investigate what approaches best support developing autonomy and independent problem-solving in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. CO-OP FOR PERFORMANCE AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTION 3
Hindering factors in mastering higher-order thinkings skills: Application of Rasch measurement model

The emphasizing of higher-order thinking skills in Mathematics was given attention whereby the students need to master the higher-order thinking skills to become a creative and critical thinker. However, students'achievement in Mathematics assessment was still on average.Therefore, the purpose of this study is to access the hindering factors in mastering the higher-order thinking skills in Mathematics among students. This study employed questionnaire that involved 132 students as the respondents. All the respondents were asked to give their response towards the hindering factors in mastering higher-order thinking skills in Mathematics subjects. All the data were analysed by using Rasch Measurement Model. The result showed that student factor was the main hindering factors as compared to the teacher's factors in mastering higher-order thinking skills. Specifically, the student factors were not only because of their low interest and lack of motivation, but it was also caused from their negative perception towards Mathematics and lack of Mathematics basic knowledge. Based on the result, this study could serve as the guideline for the teachers in planning some intervention to help the students in mastering the higher-order thinking skills.
NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF HARDNESS IN TROPICAL WOOD

DA SILVA F, HIGUCHI N, NASCIMENTO CC, MATOS JLM, DE PAULA EVCM & DOS SANTOS J. 2014. Nondestructive evaluation of hardness in tropical wood. Various nondestructive techniques have been developed to evaluate wood quality. However, these studies were conducted mainly for temperate species. The Central Amazonian forests have more than 300 tree species per ha (> 10 cm diameter at breast height) and few studies using nondestructive techniques were conducted on these species. This study aimed to test a nondestructive technique, with application of stress waves, for the evaluation of hardness of timber species in the Central Amazon. The study was conducted in Itacoatiara city, Brazil (43° 2'–3° 04' S and 58° 31'–58° 57' W). Three timber species, namely, Nectandra cuspidata, Mezilaurus itauba and Ocotea guianensis were evaluated for hardness using nondestructive and destructive methods. Models adjusted for valuation of properties based on the speed of propagation of stress waves (r2 = 0.54–0.59) and wood density (r2 = 0.73–0.78) allowed the prediction of hardness of the wood species. Thus, the tested nondestructive techniques showed sufficient performances to predict timber hardness and would improve efficiency of the process to evaluate timber quality.
Contributions of Early Versus Later-Generated Cortical Layers to the Development of Laminar Patterns in Ferret Somatosensory Cortex

Abstract : The inside-out sequence of generation and formation of the cortical layers is well documented and has been observed in many species. While it is recognized that the early-generated components of cerebral cortex are essential for the formation of important architectural structures, the contributions of later generated cortical layers have not been completely addressed. This study examines the role of individual cortical layers in the development of the cortical laminae by disrupting the formation of specific cortical layers with the antimitotic methylazoxymethanol (MAM). Chapter 1 introduces the ferret as a model for studying key aspects of cortical development, and presents findings from birthdating studies that determined the timing of final mitosis and migration for cortical neurons in each layer of the ferret somatosensory cortex. The findings from these experiments were used to target the formation of specific cortical layers through timed in utero injections of MAM. Chapter 2 presents findings that layer 4 formation is dismpted after in utero injections of MAM on embryonic day 33 (E33). Treatment with MAM on E33 resulted in a greatly reduced thickness of layer 4, and reduced density of neurons within the remaining layer 4. Neuronal genesis resumed after E33 MAM treatment; neurons generated after the treatment migrated to appropriate locations and the overall laminar pattems of somatosensory cortex were preserved. Chapter 3 reports findings from experiments that further explore the ability of cortical cells to migrate in E33 MAM-treated cortex. Cortical precursor cells obtained from the ventricular zone of normal ferrets were transplanted into organotypic slices prepared from both layer 4-dismpted and normal ferret neonates.
Older Adults, Therapy Dogs, and College Students: Analysis of Service-learning Blog Posts

Research has shown that animal-assisted activities have specific benefits for older adults, such as decreasing loneliness (Banks & Banks, 2002; Banks, Willoughby, & Banks, 2008; Calvert, 1989) and depression (Grubbs, Artese, Schmitt, Cormier, & Panton, 2016; Le Roux & Kemp, 2009; Moretti et al., 2010) while increasing positive emotion (Lutwack-Bloom, Wijewickrama, & Smith, 2005), motor activity (Grubbs et al., 2016), and verbal and social interactions (Berstein, Friedmann, and Malaspina, 2000; Fick 1993). Older adults with Alzheimer’s disease experience specific benefits, such as increased socialization (Churchill, Safaoui, McCabe, & Baun, 1999; Greer, Pustay, Zaun, & Coppens, 2001; Mossello et al., 2011; Richeson, 2003) as well as decreased agitation (Churchill et al., 1999; Richeson, 2003) and anxiety (Kanamori et al., 2001; Mossello et al., 2011). The purpose of the present study is to examine the experiences of students participating in service-learning in order to evaluate the effectiveness of animal-assisted activities with older adults in long-term care facilities. The authors studied a total of 177 blog posts from the past six academic school years (2012-2018) using content analysis. These blogs were written by university students as a reflection on their required service-learning activities for a course on Animal-Assisted Therapy. Common themes from the blogs include: positive affect of the residents, increased conversations, reminiscence on the resident’s past, and a facilitation of physical activity. Some residents did not want to interact with the team, and fewer residents had negative interactions or responses to the team. Animal-assisted activities seem to be promising in elder care settings in helping them initiate conversation, encouraging memory recall and physical activity, and inducing positive emotions. Students also reported experiencing positive effects from both their interactions with the residents as well as the therapy dogs, and the authors suggest further exploration of this topic.
Effect of Growth Regulators on Growth Characters of Summer Greengram

A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2004 to find out the effect of various plant growth regulators on growth of summer greengram. The results revealed that the spray of GA3 20 ppm at 20 and 40 DAS was significantly superior for growth parameters viz. plant height (56.38 cm) at harvest, leaves per plant (20.44) and number of branches per plant (10.63) at harvest followed by the treatment of NAA 20 ppm at 20 and 40 DAS.
A checklist of the water mites of Turkey (Acari: Hydrachnidia) with description of two new species

A review is given of all species of water mites reported from Turkey, based on published records and original data from recent research. In total, 236 species and subspecies in 52 genera and 23 families have been found. Two species, Atractides (Atractides) anatolicus Pesic, Erman & Esen sp. nov. and Atractides (Atractides) martini Pesic, Erman & Esen sp. nov. are described as new to science. The following species are reported for the first time for Turkey: Atractides inflatipalpis K.Viets, 1950, A. remotus Szalay, 1953 and A. orghidani Motas & Tanasachi, 1960. The following synonyms are established: Hydrovolzia persica Bader & Sepasgozarian, 1979 and H. persica anatolica Oezkan, 1982 = H. cancellata Walter, 1906; Arrenurus (Rhinophoracarus) hazarensis Ozkan & Erman, 1990 = A. abbreviator Berlese, 1888. The characteristics of the water mite fauna in the treated area are briefly outlined.