Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monetary Policy and Bubbles in G7 Economies: Evidence from a Panel VAR Approach

We use the LPPLS Multi-Scale Con(cid:28)dence Indicator approach to detect both positive and negative bubbles at short-, medium- and long-run for the stock markets of the G7 countries. We were able to detect major crashes and rallies in the seven stock markets over the monthly period of 1973:02 to 2020:09. We also observed similar timing of strong (positive and negative) LPPLS indicator values across the G7 countries, suggesting synchronized extreme movements in these stock markets. Given this, to obtain an overall picture of the G7, we used a panel VAR model to analyze the impact of monetary policy shocks on the six indicators of bubbles. We found that monetary policy not only impact the bubble indicators, but also responds to them, with the nature of the underlying responses contingent on whether bubbles are positive or negative in nature, as well as the time-scale we are analyzing. In light of these (cid:28)ndings, our results have serious implications for monetary authorities of these developed markets. But in general, we can conclude that central banks of the G7 can indeed (cid:16)lean against the wind", and they have also been doing so under both conventional and unconventional monetary policy periods.
Relationship between malaria parasitemia and haemoglobin variants in patients attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Malaria parasitemia and haemoglobin variants in patients attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria was investigated. Blood samples from 385 patients attending the hospital were collected using sterile syringes into well labelled specimen bottles containing ethylene di-amine tetra acetate (EDTA). The genotype was determined using standard alkaline cellulose acetate electrophoretic technique while standard method was used to determine malaria parasitaemia. Out of the 385 patients examined for haemoglobin variants, the frequency of the genotype was 239(62.1%), 127(33%), 17(4.4%) and 1(0.3%) for HbAA, HbAS, HbSS and HbAC respectively. Malaria parasitemia in HbAA, HbAS, HbSS and HbAC was 170(64.2%), 82(30.9%), 13(4.9%) and 1(0%) respectively. HbAA was significantly (P<0.005) susceptible to malaria than other genotypes. The prevalence of malaria in HbAS 82(30.9%), HbSS 13(4.9%) and HbAC 1(0%) also show significance difference (P<0.05). Patience below the age of 6years with HbS gene had the highest malaria prevalence (21%). Malaria prevalence among males 7(53.8%) and females 6(46.2%) with sickle cell anaemia SCA had no significance difference (p>0.05). Sickle hemoglobin (HbS) gene protection against malaria found in heterozygous hemoglobin (HbAS) was also recorded in patients with homozygous (HbSS) gene. Prevalence of malaria is higher in patients with the normal haemoglobin (HbAA) than in patients with abnormal genes (HbAS and HbSS).
transport in its implications for

rainfall impacts the world's most populous regions. Accurate EASM rainfall prediction necessitates robust paleoclimate reconstructions from proxy data and quantitative linkage to modern climatic conditions. Many precisely dated oxygen isotope records from Chinese stalagmites have been interpreted as directly reflecting past EASM rainfall amount variability, but recent research suggests that such records instead integratemultiple hydroclimatic processes. Using a Lagrangian precipitationmoisture source diagnostic, we demonstrate that EASM rainfall is primarily derived from the Indian Ocean. Conversely, Pacific Ocean moisture export peaks during winter, and the moisture uptake area does not differ significantly between summer and winter and is thus a minor contributor to monsoonal precipitation. Our results are substantiated by an accurate reproduction of summer and winter spatial rainfall distributions across China. We also correlate modern EASM rainfall oxygen isotope ratios with instrumental rainfall amount and our moisture source data. This analysis reveals that the strength of the source effect is geographically variable, and differences in atmosphericmoisture transportmay significantly impact the isotopic signature of EASM rainfall at the Hulu, Dongge, and Wanxiang Cave sites. These results improve our ability to isolate the rainfall amount signal in paleomonsoon reconstructions and indicate that precipitation across central and eastern China will directly respond to variability in Indian Ocean moisture supply. Abstract East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) rainfall impacts the world ’ s most populous regions. Accurate EASM rainfall prediction necessitates robust paleoclimate reconstructions from proxy data and quantitative linkage to modern climatic conditions. Many precisely dated oxygen isotope records from Chinese stalagmites have been interpreted as directly re ﬂ ecting past EASM rainfall amount variability, but recent research suggests that such records instead integrate multiple hydroclimatic processes. Using a Lagrangian precipitation moisture source diagnostic, we demonstrate that EASM rainfall is primarily derived from the Indian Ocean. Conversely, Paci ﬁ c Ocean moisture export peaks during winter, and the moisture uptake area does not differ signi ﬁ cantly between summer and winter and is thus a minor contributor to monsoonal precipitation. Our results are substantiated by an accurate reproduction of summer and winter spatial rainfall distributions across China. We also correlate modern EASM rainfall oxygen isotope ratios with instrumental rainfall amount and our moisture source data. This analysis reveals that the strength of the source effect is geographically variable, and differences in atmospheric moisture transport may signi ﬁ cantly impact the isotopic signature of EASM rainfall at the Hulu, Dongge, and Wanxiang Cave sites. These results improve our ability to isolate the rainfall amount signal in paleomonsoon reconstructions and indicate that precipitation across central and eastern China will directly respond to variability in Indian Ocean moisture supply.
5 Where is the double dividend? The relationship between different types of pro-environmental behavior and different conceptions of subjective wellbeing

The adoption of pro-environmental behaviors is essential to achieve the transition to a sustainable society. Previous evidence indicates that pro-environmental behaviors are positively associated with subjective well-being, lending support to the well-being dividend theory (namely that actions aimed at protecting the environment also improve well-being). In this study, we further examine the relationship between subjective well-being and pro-environmental behaviors, investigating whether the positive associations found extend to different types of behavior and different conceptions of well-being. We use three measures of well-being: life satisfaction (cognitive dimension), experienced emotions (affective dimension) and subjective vitality (eudaimonic dimension). We classify different pro-environmental behaviors on the basis of two criteria: the possible cost or benefit they entail for the individual who performs them, and the ease with which they can be observed by other people. Using regression analysis with data from a sample of students from the University of Granada, Spain, we found that the relationship between pro-environmental behaviors and subjective well-being differs according to the type of behavior and the dimension of well-being considered. Consistent with the well-being dividend theory, we found that actions that involve saving money are positively related to emotions, while actions that involve a cost, both in terms of money and time, are positively related to subjective vitality. However, we found no association between well-being and behaviors that do not entail any cost or benefit, and nonsignificant relations of certain behaviors with particular happiness measures. The nonsignificant relationships found between well-being and some categories of pro-environmental actions call for more research and political action to link sustainable behavior with well-being, in order to simultaneously boost happiness and pro-environmental behavior.
การตรวจหา Human metapneumovirus antigen ในน�้าล้างหลังโพรงจมูก ด้วยวิธี immunofluorescence assay

Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), a recently identified respiratory virus, has emerged as an important etiologic agent of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children and adults. Although laboratory diagnosis of hMPV infection relied on molecular biology technique, cost of testing is a limitation of this test. The alternative method such as immunofluorescence assay (IFA) is required because it is cheaper and faster. Thus, aim of this study was to evaluate a direct antigen test by IFA and determine prevalence of hMPV infection in Siriraj hospital, Thailand. A total of 655 nasopharyngeal washing specimens were collected in viral transport medium and sent to Microbiology laboratory, Siriraj Hospital during May 2012 to April 2013 and 475 nasopharyngeal washing specimens were collected in July 2013 to June 2014. The sensitivity and specificity of IFA was compared to real time PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of IFA were 95.5%, 94.7%, respectively, when compared to real time PCR. The prevalence of hMPV during 2012-2013 was performed by using IFA and found that it was 3.8% (25/655) during May 2012 to April 2013 and 5.7% (27/475) during July 2013 to June 2014. The highest prevalence of hMPV infection was detected in children aged less than 5 years. Peaks of detection were found in August 2012 to February 2013 and August 2013 to January 2014, which is the rainy and winter season in Thailand.
High-resolution 3D structural data quantifies the impact of photoinhibition on long term carbon gain in wheat canopies in the field

Photoinhibition reduces photosynthetic productivity, however it is difficult 51 to quantify accurately in complex canopies partly due to a lack of high- 52 resolution structural data on plant canopy architecture, which determines 53 complex fluctuations of light in space and time. Here we evaluate the effects 54 of photoinhibition on long-term carbon gain (over one day) in three different 55 wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) lines, which are architecturally diverse. We employ 56 a novel method for accurate digital 3D reconstruction of canopies growing in 57 the field. The reconstruction method captures unique architectural differences 58 between lines such as leaf angle, curvature and leaf density thus providing a 59 sensitive method of evaluating the productivity of actual canopy structures 60 that previously were difficult or impossible to obtain. We show that complex 61 data on light distribution can be automatically obtained without conventional 62 manual measurements. We employ a mathematical model of photosynthesis 63 parameterised by field data consisting of chlorophyll fluorescence, light 64 response curves of CO 2 assimilation and manual confirmation of canopy 65 architecture and light attenuation. Model simulations show that photoinhibition 66 alone can result in substantial reduction in carbon gain but this is highly 67 dependent on exact canopy architecture and the diurnal dynamics of 68 photoinhibition. The use of such highly realistic canopy reconstructions also 69 allows us to conclude that even a moderate change in leaf angle in upper 70 layers of the wheat canopy led to a large increase in the number of leaves in a 71 severely light-limited state. 72
Disorganization The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

Under central planning, many ﬁrms relied on a single supplier for critical inputs. Transition has led to decentralized bargaining between suppliers and buyers. Under incomplete contracts or asymmetric information, bargaining may inef- ﬁciently break down, and if chains of production link many specialized producers, output will decline sharply. Mechanisms that mitigate these problems in the West, such as reputation, can only play a limited role in transition. The empirical evidence suggests that output has fallen farthest for the goods with the most com- plex production process, and that disorganization has been more important in the former Soviet Union than in Central Europe. these results can be compared with those that obtain when workers decide whether or not to take their private opportunity after having observed the decisions of others. In that case, the probability that all workers stay in the state ﬁrm is equal to (1/ c ) n and expected output per worker in the ﬁrm is equal to g 1 (1/ c ) n (1 2 g c 5 expected output per worker in the state
ProcessingTransporter Associated with Antigen Endoplasmic Reticulum for Access to MHC Class I Molecules Compete in the

We have used the functionally distinct TAP alleles of the rat in cellular transfectants as tools to investigate how newly formed rat class I (RT1.A) molecules with distinct peptide requirements gain access to suitable peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Normal maturation of RT1.A a depends on the presence in the ER of peptides with C-terminal arginine, while restrictive TAP-B allelic group transporters fail to transport such peptides. In this situation, RT1.A a is retained in the ER. We show that this retention is accompanied by accumulation of RT1.A a in the ER, partly associated with TAP and partly free. In such cells, access to TAP of a second allelic product, RT1.A u , which does not require C-terminal arginine peptides, is competitively inhibited by the build-up of RT1.A a . Nevertheless, RT1.A u loads and matures normally. Introduction of a permissive TAP-A allele competent to transport C-terminal arginine peptides releases RT1.A a from the ER and restores RT1.A u interaction with TAP. Both class I alleles associate indiscriminately with permissive and restrictive TAP alleles. The data support the view that interaction with TAP is not a prerequisite for peptide loading by class I molecules, so long as suitable peptides are available in the ER. They further show that TAP association of a class I molecule depends on a competitive balance in the ER deﬁned by the extent to which the peptide requirements of other class I molecules present are satisﬁed and not only by the intrinsic strength of the interaction with TAP. The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 161: 5967–5977.
SpecificitiesPositively Selects TCRs with Various Antigen Single Class II MHC/Peptide Complex T Cells, a + In the Normal Repertoire of CD4

In the thymus, immature T cells are positively and negatively selected by multiple interactions between their Ag receptors (TCRs) and self MHC/peptide complexes expressed on thymic stromal cells. Here we show that in the milieu of negative selection on physiological self class II MHC/peptide complexes (A b wt), a single class II/peptide complex A b Ep 52–68 positively selects a number of TCRs with various Ag speciﬁcities. This TCR repertoire is semidiverse and not biased toward Ep-like Ags. Our ﬁnding implies that the degeneracy of positive selection for peptide ligands exceeds peptide-speciﬁc negative selection and is essential to increase the efﬁciency and diversity of the repertoire so that T cells with the same Ag speciﬁcity can be selected by different self MHC/ peptide complexes. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 162: 95–105.
between treatment and systemic inflammation in acromegaly.

35 Objective: Acromegaly is characterized by an excess of growth hormone (GH) and insulin 36 like growth-factor 1 (IGF1), and it is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). 37 Both acute and long-lasting pro-inflammatory effects have been attributed to IGF1. Previous 38 results suggest the presence of systemic inflammation in treated patients. Here we assessed 39 the association between treatment of acromegaly, systemic inflammation and vascular 40 function. 41 Design : Ex vivo cytokine production and circulating inflammatory markers were assessed in 42 peripheral blood from treated and untreated acromegaly patients ( N = 120 ), and compared them 43 with healthy controls. A more comprehensive prospective inflammatory and vascular 44 assessment was conducted in a subgroup of six treatment-naive patients with follow-up during 45 treatment. 46 Results : Circulating concentrations of VCAM1, E-selectin and MMP2 were higher in patients 47 with uncontrolled disease, whereas the concentrations of IL18 were lower. In stimulated 48 whole blood, cytokine production was skewed towards a more pro-inflammatory profile in 49 patients, especially those with untreated disease. Prospective vascular measurements in 50 untreated patients showed improvement of endothelial function during treatment. 51 Conclusions : Acromegaly patients are characterized by a pro-inflammatory phenotype, most 52 pronounced in those with uncontrolled disease. Treatment only partially reverses this pro- 53 inflammatory bias. These findings suggest that systemic inflammation could contribute to the 54 increased risk of CVD in acromegaly patients. 55
D OES THE R ISK OF P OVERTY R EDUCE H APPINESS ? *

We investigate the unexplored link between the risk of poverty and happiness in the context of a developing country. Using unique longitudinal data, we estimate workers’ vulnerability to income poverty and ﬁnd a strong negative relationship between vulnerability and life-satisfaction, over and above a positive income effect. The result is robust and cannot be reduced to the effect of two-sided uncertainty. A matched behavioural experiment shows that respondents are signiﬁcantly loss-averse. We conclude that downside risk is an important determinant of happiness and of economic decisions under uncertainty. Policies that mitigate downward risk may thus have direct impacts on both well-being and efﬁciency.
Orientiholes The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

By T-dualizing space-ﬁlling D-branes in 4d IIB orientifold compactiﬁcations along the three non-internal spatial directions, we obtain black hole bound states living in a universe with a gauged spatial reﬂection symmetry. We call these objects orientiholes. The gravitational entropy of various IIA orientihole conﬁgurations provides an “experimental” estimate of the number of vacua in various sectors of the IIB landscape. Furthermore, basic physical properties of orientiholes map to (sometimes subtle) microscopic features, thus providing a useful alternative viewpoint on a number of issues arising in D-brane model building. More generally, we give orientihole generalizations of recently derived wall crossing formulae, and conjecture a relation to the topological string analogous to the OSV conjecture, but with a linear rather than a quadratic identiﬁcation of partition functions.
Exponentially small splitting of invariant manifolds near a Hamiltonian-Hopf bifurcation

Consider an analytic two-degrees of freedom Hamiltonian system with an equilibrium point that undergoes a Hamiltonian-Hopf bifurcation, i.e., the eigenvalues of the linearized system at the equilibrium change from complex ±β ±iα (α,β > 0) for e > 0 to pure imaginary ±iω1 and ±iω2 (ω1 ≠ ω2 ≠ 0) for e < 0. At e = 0 the equilibrium has a pair of doubled pure imaginary eigenvalues. Depending on the sign of a certain coefficient of the normal form there are two main bifurcation scenarios. In one of these (the stable case), two dimensional stable and unstable manifolds of the equilibrium shrink and disappear as e → 0+. At any order of the normal form the stable and unstable manifolds coincide and the invariant manifolds are indistinguishable using classical perturbation theory. In particular, Melnikov’s method is not capable to evaluate the splitting. In this thesis we have addressed the problem of measuring the splitting of these manifolds for small values of the bifurcation parameter e. We have estimated the size of the splitting which depends on a singular way from the bifurcation parameter. In order to measure the splitting we have introduced an homoclinic invariant ωe which extends the Lazutkin’s homoclinic invariant defined for area-preserving maps. The main result of this thesis is an asymptotic formula for the homoclinic invariant. Assuming reversibility, we have proved that there is a symmetric homoclinic orbit such that its homoclinic invariant can be estimated as follows, ωe = ±2e−πα/2β (ω0 + O(e1−μ)). where μ > 0 is arbitrarily small and ω0 is known as the Stokes constant. This asymptotic formula implies that the splitting is exponentially small (with respect to e). When ω0 ≠ 0 then the invariant manifolds intersect transversely. The Stokes constant ω0 is defined for the Hamiltonian at the moment of bifurcation only. We also prove that it does not vanish identically. Finally, we apply our methods to study homoclinic solutions in the Swift-Hohenberg equation. Our results show the existence of multi-pulse homoclinic solutions and a small scale chaos.
Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity: Concepts and Analyses

Foreword Preface 1. Conceptual introduction 2. Spatio-temporal stochastic processes: definitions and properties 3. Heterogeneity analysis of spatial point patterns 4. Heterogeneity analysis of temporal and spatio-temporal point patterns 5. Heterogeneity analysis of point patterns: process modeling and summary 6. Heterogeneity analysis of time series 7. Heterogeneity analysis of spatial surface patterns 8. Heterogeneity analysis of spatio-temporal surface patterns 9. Sampling and study design aspects in heterogeneity analysis of surface patterns 10. Conclusions Index.
Etiology of candidemia in patients with solid tumors - 7 years of of one oncology

= 2, 6.5%), and C. tropicalis (n = 1, 31 3.2%) were sporadically isolated. Within C. glabrata, there was no resistance to anidulafungin, two 32 strains (15.4%) were resistant to fluconazole, while the others showed intermediate susceptibilities 33 to this drug. A total of 58.0% of all Candida spp. strains were sensitive to fluconazole, and 90.0% of 34 the strains were sensitive to anidulafungin. Mortality in candidemia among patients with solid 35 tumors undergoing surgery remains high. The complicated postoperative course requiring 36 reoperation and secondary origin of candidemia are factors for poor prognosis. The demonstrated 37 dominant role of C. glabrata in inducing candidemia is becoming a serious clinical and therapeutic 38 problem.
The Taguchi capability index

Culturing an alga with known flocculant production capability on the soil for the purposes of aggregating soil particles is disclosed. According to the disclosure, flocculant producing algae are known in liquid culture medium as disclosed in pending application Ser. No. 421,527 filed Dec. 4, 1973. The nitrogen in the culture medium is maintained so that cellular nitrogen does not fall below 10%. The algae are then inoculated onto soil which is provided with supplemental nutrients and moisture sufficient to produce a multiplication on the order of several hundred fold. The nutrients other than nitrogen are provided in sufficient quantity to permit a further period of growth during which algal flocculants are produced which have the property of binding soil particles into workable aggregates.