Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of a simple atmospheric model to changing surface friction with implications for seasonal prediction

An ensemble of idealized experiments with the simplified general circulation model PUMA is used to analyze the response to reduced surface friction, that is a strengthening of the eddy‐driven jet, a weakening of the Eulerian mean overturning, and a suppression of baroclinic instability. The suppression of baroclinic instability is caused by an effect called the barotropic governor by which increased horizontal shear restricts the ability of baroclinic disturbances to convert available potential energy into kinetic energy. This governor effect ensures that the residual circulation and Eliassen–Palm flux (EP flux) divergence are largely invariant to the surface friction parameter despite the connection between surface friction, the Eulerian mean overturning, and the eddy‐momentum flux. The suppression of instability leads to an increase in persistence measured by the period of peak variance on synoptic time‐scales and a strengthened signal‐to‐noise ratio on seasonal time‐scales. These findings suggest that the signal‐to‐noise paradox seen in the context of seasonal prediction can be caused by excess mechanical damping in atmospheric prediction systems inhibiting the barotropic governor effect.
Convalescent Plasma—A Light at the End of the Tunnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

ABSTRACT In the absence of a definitive therapy during this ongoing unprecedented crisis, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT) has shown some promising results. This review summarizes the existing evidence of the efficacy of CPT in COVID-19 patients based upon scientific publications to date. We have included only the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through an extensive screening of electronic databases up to July 31, 2021. In 19 RCTs, with a total of 16,476 COVID-19 patients we found low-quality evidence of significant reduction in mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66–0.96, I2 = 40%), better clinical outcome when applied <7 days (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.28–3.53, I2 = 0%), and improved viral clearance (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3–5.45, I2 = 74%). Meta-regression analysis found that as a covariate, intubation on admission (p = 0.007) had a significant impact. However, there was any significant reduction neither in duration for clinical improvement (MD = −0.79, 95% CI: −2.76–1.18, I2 = 98%), nor in total period of hospital stay (MD = 0.02, 95% CI: −0.75–0.78, I2 = 81%). Early application of CPT is still relevant in reducing morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients and is too early to write it off as a potential therapeutic modality for COVID-19 patients. How to cite this article Sarkar S, Khanna P, Singh AK. Convalescent —Plasma—A Light at the End of the Tunnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(11):1292–1300.
Association between Intraoperative Blood Pressure Drop and Clinically Significant Hypoperfusion in Abdominal Surgery: A Cohort Study

The recent consensus by the Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) on intraoperative hypotension (IOH) stated that mean arterial pressure (MAP) below 60–70 mmHg is associated with myocardial infarction (MI), acute kidney injury (AKI), death and also that IOH is a function of not only severity but also of duration. However, most of the data come from large, heterogeneous cohorts of patients who underwent different surgical procedures and types of anaesthesia. We sought to assess how various definitions of IOH can predict clinically significant hypoperfusive outcomes in a homogenous cohort of generally anesthetised patients undergoing abdominal surgery, taking into account thresholds of MAP and their time durations. The data for this study come from a prospective cohort study in which patients who underwent abdominal surgery between 1 October 2018 and 15 July 2019 in the university hospital in Katowice were included in the analysis. We analysed perioperative data to assess how various IOH thresholds can predict hypoperfusive outcomes (defined as myocardial injury, acute kidney injury or stroke). 508 patients were included in the study. The total number of cases of clinically significant hypoperfusion was 38 (7.5%). We found that extending durations of low MAP, i.e., below 55 mmHg, 60 mmHg, 65 mmHg and 70 mmHg, were associated with the development of either AKI, MI or stroke. It was observed that for narrower and lower hypotension thresholds, the time required to induce complications is shorter. Patients who suffered from AKI/MI/Stroke experienced more episodes of any of the IOH definitions applied. Absolute IOH thresholds were superior to the relative definitions. For patients undergoing abdominal surgery, it is vital to prevent the extended durations of intraoperative mean arterial pressure below 70 mmHg. Finally, there appears to be no need to guide intraoperative haemodynamic therapy based on pre-induction values and, consequently, on relative drops of MAP.
Month-of-the-year Effects in Nepalese Stock Market

The study investigates the month-of-the-year effects in Nepalese stock market employing composite index along with other nine sub-indices between mid-July 17, 2007 and mid-July 15, 2017. The study finds statistically significant highest average monthly returns in the month of Ashad (mid-June - mid-July) among other eleven months. On contrary, the significantly negative return is found in the month of Bhadra (mid-August - mid-September). It indicates that the Nepalese stock market has specific returns patterns showing inefficient in weak-form of market efficiency.
Absorptive removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using xanthan gum‐g‐poly[(N,N′‐dimethylacrylamide)-co-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)]–ZnO nanocomposite gel

ABSTRACT The present study reports the synthesis of xanthan gum-graft-poly[(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-co-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)] in the form of a gel and its zinc oxide nanocomposite. The gel and the nanocomposite were made via microwave irradiation using potassium peroxodisulfate as initiator and diallylphthalate as the crosslinker and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The reaction conditions for maximum grafting were optimized. The optimized products were used to evaluate the adsorption capacity toward Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, pH, and initial concentration of the absorbate solution on the adsorption capacity were evaluated. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm models were also studied. The results indicated maximum adsorption of 48.33 and 34.66 mg g−1 of Cu2+ and 38.55 and 29.22 mg g−1 of Pb2+ for the gel and composite, respectively. The adsorption data indicated that the adsorption of Cu2+ and Pb2+ on both adsorbents is best explained by Langmuir model with the exception of Cu2+ on the composite which is explained best by Freundlich model. The thermodynamics study indicated that the adsorptions of Cu2+ and Pb2+ are spontaneous and feasible.
Active Corrosion Protection of Mg−Al Layered Double Hydroxide for Magnesium Alloys: A Short Review

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been successfully applied in surface protection and functionalization of metal materials owing to their special structure, composition, controllability, anion exchange, and other excellent properties. Herein, this review focused on the most common LDH preparation methods on magnesium alloys in the past 10 years by summarizing about 70 research papers. At the same time, based on the corrosion protection mechanism of LDH materials, the performance of LDH films and LDH as filler on metal substrates was briefly introduced. The surface of LDH materials were chemically modified to enhance their compatibility with solvents, and their corrosion resistance function was developed as an additive. Finally, LDH-based composite coatings on Mg alloys by surface pretreatment and chemical modification were discussed.
Detailed speciation of emissions from a diesel engine fuelled with canola methyl ester

Although the effects of biodiesel combustion on emissions of regulated toxic components have been widely studied, the issue of specific hydrocarbon species production has not yet been comprehensively understood. This study compares detailed exhaust emissions from a compression ignition engine fuelled with canola methyl ester and mineral diesel, as a reference fuel. Additionally, blends of these two fuels were examined. The experiments were performed on a 4-cylinder diesel engine, where fuel was injected in a single dose. The experimental matrix included two engine load sweeps at rotational speeds corresponding to maximum torque and maximum power. Detailed exhaust composition was measured with the use of a Fourier transform infra-red analytical system. To enable unbiased evaluation of the effect of different fuels on hydrocarbons emissions fuel carbon conversion into species carbon was considered. The results showed that there is not a monotonic effect of the content of biodiesel fuel on particular hydrocarbon species. In the case of some hydrocarbon species, the lowest emissions were recorded for mixture of the two fuels.
A simple conversion of expired medicines into nontoxic activated carbon for energy storage applications

In this work, a simple, nontoxic, and eco‐friendly method for recycling organic‐based expired medicines into activated carbon was proposed. The formation, structural, and morphological features of the sample were proved by different physico‐chemical tools such as Fourier transform infrared, Raman, X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Further, expired medicine–derived activated carbon (Em AC) was used as electrode material for supercapacitor devices, and its biocompatibility was studied. The cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurement electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of the fabricated Em AC@Ni foil electrode. The as‐fabricated electrode delivered specific capacitance (Csp) value of 480 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g. Also, the electrode exhibited superior cyclic stability and maintained 88% of its capacitance value upto the completion of 8000 GCD cycles at the current density of 2 A/g. Further, Em AC–based symmetric device achieved the energy density of 28.33 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 666.01 W kg−1. Hence, the porous Em AC sample was identified as the promising electrode material for future energy storage devices without distracting any damage to the biological system.
Uncertainty in Sea Level Rise Projections Due to the Dependence Between Contributors

Sea level rises at an accelerating pace threatening coastal communities all over the world. In this context sea level projections are key tools to help risk mitigation and adaptation. Projections are often made using models of the main contributors to sea level rise (e.g., thermal expansion, glaciers, and ice sheets). To obtain the total sea level these contributions are added; therefore, the uncertainty of total sea level depends on the correlation between the uncertainties of the contributors. This fact is important to understand the differences in the uncertainty of sea level projections from different methods. Using two process‐based models to project sea level for the 21st century, we show how to model the correlation structure and its time dependence. In these models the correlation primarily arises from uncertainty of future global mean surface temperature that correlates with almost all contributors. Assuming that sea level contributors are independent of each other, an assumption made in many sea level projections underestimates the uncertainty in sea level projections. As a result, high‐end low probability events that are important for decision making are underestimated. The uncertainty in the strength of the dependence between contributors is also explored. New dependence relations between the uncertainty of dynamical processes and surface mass balance in glaciers and ice sheets are introduced in our model. Total sea level uncertainty is found to be as sensitive to the dependence between contributors as to uncertainty in certain individual contributors like thermal expansion and Greenland ice sheet.
IF YOU GIVE A JUDGE A RISK SCORE: EVIDENCE FROM KENTUCKY BAIL DECISIONS

High-stakes decisions are increasingly informed by predictive tools. Many assume that these tools should reduce disparities across groups by limiting human discretion, but empirical evidence on this is lacking. In this paper, I outline how interactions between prediction tool recommendations and human discretion can actually exacerbate disparities across groups. In particular, I discuss a policy change in Kentucky that set a recommended default for judge bail decisions based on risk scores. Counter to expectations, the policy caused an increase in raw racial disparities in initial bond, ﬁrst illustrated by Stevenson (2017). Using case-level data, I show that this increase was not simply a consequence of different risk scores by race. Rather, the recommended default was also more likely to be overridden (in favor of harsher bond conditions) for black defendants than similar white defendants. I discuss two forces behind this result. First, judges varied in their policy responsiveness; judges in whiter counties responded more to the new default than judges in blacker counties. Second, even within judge and time, judges were more likely to override the recommended default for moderate risk black defendants than similar moderate risk white defendants. This result suggests that interaction with the same predictive score may lead to different predictions by race.
Quality Management, Knowledge Creation, and Innovation Performance: Insights from Ecuador

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the relationship between quality management, knowledge management, and innovative performance, and their impact on organizational performance in an emerging country. A sample of 349 Ecuadorian companies was surveyed between March and August 2017. Structural equation modeling was used for testing the theoretical hypothesis. Our study is one of the first attempts to explore the role of quality management for improving knowledge creation and innovation performance in emerging countries. Specifically, our results show which quality management practices are the most efficient for enhancing knowledge creation and innovation performance in an emerging country like Ecuador.
15 Usability Recommendations for Delivering Clinical Guidelines on Mobile Devices

Local point of care clinical guidelines exist in numerous formats and cover a variety of clinical information, normally created on a national and local level. They are generally available as basic web pages, PDFs or documents. Despite widespread availability and use, accessing clinical guidelines and information can be highly inefficient and restrictive. This reflective study investigates the evaluation of a clinical guidelines mobile application in the challenging area of co-design with clinicians. It aimed to answer if the selected methods of user centred design were suitable when working with limited access to users and what design recommendations can be elicited/changed by utilising user centred design (UCD) methods to gather feedback on features and functions. Specifically, this study utilised a mixed-method UCD approach and triangulation technique (Think-aloud and idea writing, screen recording and system usability scale). This culminated into the creation of 15 recommendations for developing clinical guidelines applications for mobile devices.
That's Interesting! A Flawed Article Has Influenced Generations of Management Researchers

Davis's (1971) article “That's interesting! Towards a phenomenology of sociology and a sociology of phenomenology” is regarded by many management researchers as a classic work and a basis for guiding management studies; in the wake of its publication, an interesting research advocacy gradually emerged. However, from the perspective of scientific research, Davis's core argument that great theories have to be interesting is seriously flawed. Interestingness is not regarded as a virtue of a good scientific theory and thus has little value in science. Moreover, obsession with interestingness can lead to at least five detrimental outcomes, namely promoting an improper way of doing science, encouraging post hoc hypothesis development, discouraging replication studies, ignoring the proper duties of a researcher, and undermining doctoral education.
Variables of Twitter´s brand activity that influence audience spreading behaviour of branded content

This paper investigates spreading behavior of branded content, within an online brand community. A total of 41.392 pieces of content were gathered to analyze the activity of 45 Twitter brands, in the Spanish food industry, during one-year period. The study uses an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to reveal the structure of that spreading behavior, addressing two key constructs: propagation and sharing. In addition, multiple regression analysis is conducted to identity the influence of the independent variables controlled by the company, which predict that spreading action on the proposed structural model. Findings indicate the significant effect of variables such as: mentions made by the brand, posting time or volume of tweets, in predicting audience spreading behavior. Controver-sially, results suggest that brand use of the retweet function generates a negative influence on audience response. The research also innovates exploring the impact of sentiment expressions used by the brand on audience spreading behavior.
Predictive Value of the Third Ventricle Width for Neurological Status in Multiple Sclerosis

The third ventricle width (3VW) is an easily calculated measure of brain atrophy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of 3VW to cognitive impairment with adjustment for demographic and clinical confounders, including depression, anxiety, and fatigue, as well as to disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Symbol Digit Modalities Test, California Verbal Learning Test, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) were analysed in 93 patients with MS. Neuropsychological performance was compared to that of 150 healthy controls. Axial images from 3D FLAIR were used to measure 3VW. In total, 25% of MS patients were impaired in at least two neuropsychological tests. Cognitive impairment and EDSS were associated with 3VW. Age and 3VW were the strongest predictors of cognitive impairment. The multiple regression model including age, 3VW, education, EDSS, and MFIS explained 63% of the variance of neuropsychological tests results, whereas 3VW, age and duration of the disease were significant predictors of EDSS. This study confirms the predictive value of 3VW for neurological status of patients with MS, especially for cognitive impairment after adjustment for demographic and clinical confounders.
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (Post-Laminectomy Syndrome): The Prevalence, Accompanying Signs, Possible Causes, Management and Outcomes; One-Year Trial at the Teaching Hospitals in Sana’a City, Yemen

Background: FBSS is a term that groups the conditions with recurring low back pain after spine surgery with or without a radicular component. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of FBSS and describe the age, gender, accompanying signs, possible causes of FBSS, methods of diagnosis, management, and outcomes after treatment for patients admitted to Al-Kuwait University Hospital, Sana'a Yemen for spine surgery. Materials and methods: A one-year follow-up study was conducted on patients after spine surgery at Kuwait University HospitalSana'a, for one year from October 1, 2018 until October 31, 2019. The variables of the study were qualitative (gender, signs, symptoms, type managements, the outcome) and quantitative (age). Results: A total of 283 spinal surgeries were performed during the study period, of which 31 patients developed FBSS. The prevalence of FBSS was 11%, of whom 12 were female and 19 were male, with a ratio of 1.0:1.6 and the most common age group was 40-49 years with a mean age of 50.3 years. The first symptoms that occurred after laminectomy were back and leg pain (77.5%), delayed onset (48.3%), and herniated disc was the common diagnostic cause associated with FBSS (58.1%) followed by instability (32.2%), while the canal stenosis was rare (9.7%). On the subject of the type of first operation performed for FBSS patients, Laminectomy and Discectomy were the popular surgical procedure (64.5%), followed by Laminectomy (16.1%), and the fusion procedure (13%) and only 3.2% by foraminotomy. Diagnostic causes of FBSS were wrong level (21.1%), recurrent disc at the same level (29%), canal stenosis (3.2%), root injury (9.7%), instability (19.4%), fibrosis (9.7%), and adhesive arachnoiditis (6.5%). Regarding the second types of management applied in FBSS patients, surgical intervention was performed in 61.3% of FBSS patients and conservative treatment performed for 38.7%. Conclusion: In short, FBSS is a complex and challenging disease with multiple known causes and largely unknown etiologies. In this study, the prevalence of FBSS was low, it was more common in males and herniated disc was the common diagnostic cause associated with FBSS followed by instability.
Escaping the Survival Trap: Network Transition among Early-Career Freelance Songwriters

People in the early stages of their careers often face a trade-off between cultivating a closed network that helps them secure the resources they need to survive or developing an open network that can help them succeed. Actors who overcome this trade-off transition from a closed network to an open network; those who fail to do so can be caught in a survival trap that jeopardizes their chances of having a successful career. We identify the factors that enable and constrain network transitions and test our theory on a sample of Korean pop (K-pop) freelance songwriters before they have attained their first commercial hit. These songwriters initially rely on a closed network of collaborators and transition toward an open network by working with fellow songwriters who are not connected to those collaborators. This network transition occurs faster among songwriters who eventually attain their first hit than among those who remain unsuccessful. Songwriters are more likely to collaborate with new distant colleagues when they have a reference group of commercially successful peers and when they have created stylistically similar songs in the past that have failed to become hits. However, most of their new distant colleagues also lack a hit, revealing a status barrier that constrains the network transition of early-career songwriters.