Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Dependence between Extreme Operational Losses and Economic Factors: A Conditional Semi-Parametric Generalized Pareto Approach

We model the severity distribution of operational loss data, conditionally to some covariates. Indeed, previous studies suggest that this distribution might be influenced by firm-specific factors. We introduce a conditional Generalized Pareto model for the tail of the severity distribution, where the shape parameter is an unknown function of a linear combination of the covariates. More precisely, we rely on a single-index assumption to perform a dimension reduction that enables to use univariate nonparametric techniques. Hence, we suffer neither from too strong parametric assumption nor from the curse of dimensionality. We apply this methodology on a novel database provided by the bank UniCredit. We use firm-specific factors to estimate the conditional shape parameter. Our analysis suggests that the leverage ratio of the company and the proportion of the revenue coming from fees have an important impact on the probability of suffering from large operational losses.
Folic acid deﬁciency modiﬁes the haematopoietic response to recombinant human erythropoietin in maintenance dialysis patients

Background. While folic acid deﬁciency causes macrocytic anaemia in non-renal patients, the relevance of altered folate metabolism in anaemia of end-stage renal disease and its response to rHu-EPO is less clear. Methods. Ten haemodialysis patients with macrocytic anaemia due to dietary folic acid deﬁciency were compared to 10 matched (age, duration of dialysis, degree of anaemia) patients with normocytic normochromic anaemia. Ninteen patients received erythropoietin-alpha intravenously thrice weekly. The study design was a prospective crossover (ABA) comparison of the effects of intravenously administered high doses of folic acid on haemoglobin levels and EPO doses, with 6 months active supplementation (B) and two periods of 6 months duration each without folic acid supplementation (A). Results. The two patient groups did not differ at recruitment. Red blood cell folate levels were normal in patients with normocytic anaemia, but they were subnormal in all patients with macrocytic anaemia. Compared to the ﬁrst period without folic acid supplementation, patients with macrocytic anaemia had signiﬁcantly higher haemoglobin levels despite lower EPO doses after 6 months high-dose folic acid, and red cells had become normocytic. The removal of folic acid supplementation resulted in re-occurrence of macrocytosis and in a signiﬁcantly lower response to rHu-EPO. In contrast, high-dose folic acid supplementation had no effect on response to rHu-EPO in patients with normocytic anaemia. Conclusions. Folic acid deﬁciency may occur in elderly haemodialysis patients with poor dietary folate intake without regular oral supplementation and may cause hyporesponsiveness to rHu-EPO. Macrocytosis is a simple and cheap indicator for folate deﬁciency in end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance dialysis. U the A P -value of than 0.05 was considered to reﬂect statistical differences.
Inﬂuenza Virus Vaccination Induces Interleukin-12/23 Receptor (cid:2) 1 (IL-12/23R (cid:2) 1)-Independent Production of Gamma Interferon (IFN- (cid:3) ) and Humoral Immunity in Patients with Genetic Deﬁciencies in IL-12/23R (cid:2) 1 or IFN- (cid:3) Receptor I (cid:1)

To investigate whether protective immune responses can be induced in the absence of normal interleukin- 12/23/gamma interferon (IL-12/23/IFN- (cid:1) ) axis signaling, we vaccinated with the seasonal inﬂuenza virus subunit vaccine two patients with complete IL-12/23 receptor (cid:2) 1 (IL-12/23R (cid:2) 1) deﬁciencies, two patients with partial IFN- (cid:1) receptor I (pIFN- (cid:1) RI) deﬁciencies, and ﬁve healthy controls. Blood samples were analyzed before, 7 days after, and 28 days after vaccination. In most cases, antibody titers reached protective levels. Moreover, although T-cell responses in patients were lower than those observed in controls, signiﬁcant inﬂuenza virus-speciﬁc
Limiting velocities as running parameters and superluminal neutrinos

In the context of theories where particles can have different limiting velocities, we review the running of particle speeds towards a common limiting velocity at low energy. Motivated by the recent OPERA experimental results, we describe a model where the neutrinos would deviate from the common velocity by more than do other particles in the theory, because their running is slower due to weaker interactions.
Optimum Layouts of a Cluster of Five Heaving Point Absorbers in front of Wall-type Coastal Structures under Perpendicular Regular Wave Attack

The present paper aims at determining optimum layouts for a cluster of identical semi-immersed oblate spheroidal heaving Point Absorbers (PAs) in front of a bottom-mounted wall-type structure under the action of regular waves. Optimum layouts correspond to those that for a given incident wave frequency and direction maximize the power absorbed by the cluster and satisfy predefined spatial constraints. The corresponding optimization problem is solved by developing and coupling a Genetic Algorithm (GA) solver with a frequency-based hydrodynamic analysis numerical model. Initially, the efficiency of the developed optimization process is assessed by comparing results with the parametric ones of other investigators. Next, various optimization cases for a cluster of five devices under the action of incident waves perpendicular to the wall are formed and solved. Focus is given on the effect of two different incident wave frequencies, the available wall length for deploying the devices and of symmetrical layout considerations, on the formation of the optimum layouts and on the power absorbed by the cluster. When optimization is performed at a frequency smaller than the heave natural frequency of the devices, the PAs within the optimum layouts are placed close to the wall and they form sub-clusters of closely-positioned bodies. Contrary to the above, maximization of the absorbed power at a frequency equal to the devices’ heave natural frequency is realized by placing the PAs at a large perpendicular distance from the wall and without forming any sub-clusters. In the latter case, the optimally-arranged devices show also a much better power absorption ability. The deployment of part of the whole wall length for placing the PAs reduces the power absorbed by the optimally-arranged clusters, compared to the cases, where no wall-length restrictions are taken into account. Finally, the consideration of symmetrical features in the formation of the optimum layouts reduces at a small degree the power absorption ability of the PAs clusters.
Market Chain Analysis of live Cattle in Borana Pastoral Area: the Case of Moyalle District, Oromyia Regional State Southern Ethiopia

The Borana Pastoralists are known as the major cattle suppliers for domestic and international markets. Nevertheless, the benefits they get from the sector is said to be minimal. This study, therefore, was initiated to identify market chain actors, their functions and the determinants of cattle market of market participation decision and supply in Moyalle district of Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia. The study was undertaken in three kebeles. Structured interviews were made in 223 sampled pastoralist, 25 traders and 14 brokers. The result shows that the market chain of live cattle in Moyalle district is comprised of different actors and diverse marketing channels. The study identified two marketing channels, formal and informal, which are equally important in market chain. It is only in few cases that the producers sell their products directly to consumers and exporters in the absence of brokers. About 81% of the producers sold their cattle by the intermediary process role of brokers and only 19 percent sold their cattle directly. The live cattle traded in the chain are oxen, cows, bulls, heifers and calves and the market structure for all the cattle types is oligopoly. However, the degree of the oligopoly nature varies. This means that the market is tight oligopoly for oxen, heifers and claves and loose oligopoly for cows and bulls. As a result of the oligopoly market structure which reduces the competition and makes the entire market structure remain to be a few traders game and the market price of the cattle is more influenced by the traders. Regarding the marketing margins, the finding shows that the marketing performance measured by the marketing margin is different along different channels. The result shows that the final share of producers in the channel is not only vary among channels, but also among the types of cattle and whether the channel is formal or informal. The producers share, for example, is higher in formal market channel where producers sell to formal exporters, other producers, festival consumers and butchers though facilitation role of brokers and for cattle type (calve 92%, heifer 81%, ox 80%, bull 72.5% and cow 70.5%). The result from the econometric analysis shows that choice of the pastoralists to participate in cattle market and quantity supply is influenced by demographic and socioeconomic factors (gender of household head, cattle owned, camel owned, age and income). Major constraints of cattle market chain include lengthy market, brokers’ interference, disease and parasite, clan conflict and unfriendly relation between market actors. As remedial measure, shortening the supply chain, linking to markets, cooperatives establishments and thereby changing the informal channel in to formal is crucial.
Evaluation of reactive oxygen species in term low birth babies

Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated as one of the major cause in the pathophysiology of decreased or impaired foetal weight in normal term low birth weight babies. Either increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or decreased antioxidant levels can be measured to substantiate this finding in view of the increased incidence of term babies with low birth weight. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species by measuring the serum malondialdehyde levels in term low weight babies with that of controls with normal weight. Materials and methods : The study group consisted of 72 term low weight babies weighing < 2500 gms of both sexes and 70 controls with >2500 gms of both sexes were included in the study. In the study group babies with birth weight of <2000 g was grouped as group 1a and with weight of >2000 – 2500g as group 1b. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) an end product of lipid peroxidation (a measure of free radical damage) were measured using calorimetric thiobarbituric acid method in both study group and control group and were compared with their birth weight and ponderal index. Data was collected and analysed by suitable statistical methods Results : The mean MDA levels estimated in the study group was significantly higher (MDA levels – 28.5250 ±3.0 nmol/L) than in the control group (19.3693±1.60). As the birth weight increased the MDA levels decreased (P<0.01). The mean MDA levels in group 1a (20 among 72) was 32.205 ±2.49 nmol/ml and group 1b (52 among 72) was 27.1096±1.72 with p value of 0.01 which was statistically significant Conclusion : Our results indicate that in the term low birth weight babies the MDA levels were significantly increased which concludes that ROS species plays a major role in etiopathogenesis of low birth weight babies.
Humans and Chimpanzees

Restriction mapping and sequencing have shown that humans have substantially lower levels of mitochondrial genome diversity (d> than chimpanzees. contrast, humans have substantially higher levels of heterozygosity (H> at protein-coding loci, a higher level of diversity in the nuclear we of the genome (CR) chimpanzees. of heterozygosity of of to genome in and/or directional selection acting to reduce variation in the mitochondrial genome.
Public Awareness of Stroke among Adult People in Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia, Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Stroke is a serious health problem worldwide, which has been classified as the second leading cause of death. Around 15 million people are experiencing stroke each year and 5 million of them go dead. The Saudi Arabia mortality rate related to stroke was 6.4%. The aim of this study is to measure awareness and perception of stroke among adult people in Al-Ahsa city, Eastern Region, of Saudi Arabia. Data collected from participants through distributing an electronic self-structured questionnaire. This mobile application survey was carried out between May 20 to 31, 2020 in Al-Ahsa city of Saudi Arabia regarding stroke knowledge. The sample of overall community was 1406 (37.6% males and 62.4% females). Our results showed that (76.6%) of the participants had poor general knowledge about stroke. Roughly (74%) were aware that the altered body organ was the brain. Around (53.3%) would seek emergency medical care in case of stroke. Stroke is a worldwide health challenge, along with increasing records of mortalities and stroke-associated disability in current years. Our results showed that the majority of the participants had poor general knowledge about stroke. Near to half of participants had not knowledge about signs and symptoms of stroke.
Voluntary activation of the knee extensors measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation

Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria. ac.uk/pol i cies.html
The value of within complex collaborations

Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria. ac.uk/policies.html
A Process-Oriented Evaluation Framework for In-Memory Technology Applications

—For several years, it has been predicted that In-memory based IT-systems will become a key technology in addressing the challenges of increasing data volumes and computational speed requirements. Nevertheless, many companies seem reluctant to switch to this technology. Missing application scenarios are often cited as the main cause of the slow spreading. To adress this research gap, this work will introduce a framework for the analysis and evaluation of potential applications of In-memory IT-Systems. The developed framework offers researchers as well as the corporate sector the opportunity to evaluate the suitability of such IT systems for existing as well as future use cases. The development process follows the approach of the design science research. In the ﬁrst phase relevant inﬂuencing factors for the use of In-memory systems are identiﬁed conducting a literature review. In the second phase an expert survey is carried out for the evaluation and the identiﬁcation of further inﬂuencing factors. The results show that an acceleration of IT processing does not generate substantial added value. In particular, business-related factors have been neglected in the past. Therefore, a structured analysis framework is introduced considering both, data and analysis factors as well as economical factors. In the last step the introduced framework is applied based on selected cross-industry uses cases to underline the evaluation capabilities.
Error motion compensating tracking interferometer for the position measurement of objects with rotational degree of freedom

Abstract. The nonaxial interferometric position measurement of rotating objects can be performed by imaging the laser beam of the interferometer to a rotating mirror which can be a sphere or a cylinder. This, however, requires such rotating mirrors to be centered on the axis of rotation as a wobble would result in loss of the interference signal. We present a tracking-type interferometer that performs such measurement in a general case where the rotating mirror may wobble on the axis of rotation, or even where the axis of rotation may be translating in space. Aside from tracking, meaning to measure and follow the position of the rotating mirror, the interferometric measurement errors induced by the tracking motion of the interferometer itself are optically compensated, preserving nanometric measurement accuracy. As an example, we show the application of this interferometer in a scanning x-ray tomography instrument.
Phase III Randomized Trial of Dose Intensive Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with or Without G-CSF in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: Long-Term Results

(pCR) rate, delivered DI, incidence of myelosuppression, dis-ease-free survival (DFS) rate, and overall survival (OS) rate between patients treated with standard fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) or dose-intense FAC. Here, we report long-term results.
The Eﬀect of New Tiller Growth on Carbohydrates, Nitrogen and Seed Yield per Ear in Lolium perenne L.

To clarify whether new vegetative tillers that develop around anthesis in a Lolium perenne seed crop can depress seed yields, the possible competition for carbohydrates or nitrogen between the seeds and new tillers that develop after the onset of anthesis was investigated. In two greenhouse experiments the number of tillers per plant was varied by a combination of cutting, nitrogen supply, light quality and light intensity treatments. Two genotypes with diﬀerent tillering rates were used. Seed yield per ear was largely independent of the number of tillers and regrowth of cut tillers after the onset of anthesis. It increased in one genotype, but only under low light and a reduced nutrient availability, and no new tillers were produced. The amount of water-soluble carbohydrates in the reproductive tillers increased in both clones under these conditions. Under more favourable conditions the increased tillering rate and regrowth of tillers after cutting did not adversely aﬀect seed yield per ear in either clone, although carbohydrate reserves in the ﬂowering tillers were sharply reduced. Tiller removal increased the concentration and amount of nitrogen in the remaining ﬂowering tillers, irrespective of the amount of regrowth. It is concluded that competition for carbohydrates or nitrogen between the seeds and new vegetative tillers that develop after the onset of anthesis, is not a major cause of the low and variable seed yields in L . perenne seed crops. Processes within the ear itself are probably limiting. # 1996 Annals of Botany Company
THE ROLE OF POLITICAL TRUST ON POLICY ACCEPTABILITY AND PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR A CLIMATE TAX ON MEAT CONSUMPTION

Human consumption of meat, specifically ruminants, is argued to be one of the major drivers of climate change. Individual and societal behavioural changes are considered necessary to tackle the overconsumption of animal products. This, in turn, requires a greater level of support for state interventions and acceptability of climate diet policies that aim to change people’s daily dietary patterns. For a policy to be acceptable by the public, political trust is one of the essentials to be ensured. The lack of confidence in politics is considered to have a negative influence on public attitudes towards environmental interventions. In contrast, high trust in politics is argued to have a positive impact on public attitudes towards environmental policies. Scholars have devoted substantial attention in recent years to the concept of political trust around the acceptability of policies, mostly in the energy and transportation sector. However, insufficient attention has been directed to the food sector that contributes up to 30% of total greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, I introduce a new policy type for the regulation of human’s dietary pattern where there are few studies. Hence, I tested the role of political trust on policy acceptability and public support for a climate tax levied on meat consumption by using an experimental method in Turkey and Sweden. The following survey experiment showed that higher political trust caused higher policy acceptability and public support for this specific proposal in both countries. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of political trust on public attitudes towards the regulation of meat consumption.
‘‘PHARMACOECONOMIC EVALUATION ON COST EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS OF ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS IN A SOUTH INDIAN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL”

analysis compares two or more medication options or strategies in terms of their cost and outcome or benefit". The objective of the study is to assess cost effective analysis of oral hypoglycaemic agents on the therapy of patients suffering from Type 2 DM[diabetes mellitus]. A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 6 months in the general medicine OPD[outpatient department] of SSIMS & RC[shammanur shivashankarappa instituteof medical science and research center]. Out-patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and receiving treatment specifically with oral hypoglycaemic agents were included in the study. After obtaining the approval from institutional ethical committee, a structured data collection form was developed to collect demographic datas, complete prescription details and