Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical presentation of Monkeypox among people living with HIV in South Florida: a case series.

Introduction Monkeypox, historically a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus, is a new global health emergency. Since May 2022, dozens of non-endemic countries have seen new cases with rapid spread. Generally a self-limited disease, there are vulnerable populations, in which severe or deadly illness can occur. There is limited data on immunocompromised patients in this outbreak, particularly on people living with HIV, who are disproportionately affected. Methods We reported seven cases of monkeypox in people living with HIV in South Florida, USA. Relevant demographic, epidemiologic and clinical data were described. Results All the patients were men, identified as gay or bisexual, and were on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV. Six of the seven had CD4 counts more than 200 cells/mm3 (one unknown level), and one of the seven had detectable HIV viral load. Six had sexual or intimate contact with asymptomatic partners prior to development of symptoms. Two were hospitalized, one for proctitis and one for an increasing number of lesions. Six had disseminated lesions and one had localized perianal lesions and all had 5-25 total number of lesions. Five received tecovirimat with resolution of lesions in 2-14 days and all were doing well at the time of the present report. Close contacts received the Jynneos vaccine which was well tolerated. Conclusions Our case series described monkeypox in people living with HIV and have noted atypical symptoms (lack of fever and more notable anogenital lesions) and relatively mild course as described in HIV seronegative patients. We stress the importance of early detection and isolation as well as vaccination to contacts, which has been well tolerated. In our case series, we are unable to estimate the effectiveness of tecovirimat given the limited number of patients, but all our patients had lesions that resolved within two weeks of rash onset and had no side effects reported.
Electronic cigarettes, traditional cigarettes, and oral health

Background: Electronic cigarettes are increasingly preferred by young people today, and most people use them to quit smoking. However, the impact of e-cigarettes on human oral health is still controversial. It is debatable whether e-cigarettes are as safe, regulated, and harmless as one might believe, and whether they have potential side effects on the human body. Objective: In this paper, we reviewed the literature related to traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes and oral health in recent years, and investigate the impact of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes on oral health from four aspects: analysis of the composition of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes, effects on oral cells, oral flora, and clinical oral health. Conclusion: Both e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes have an impact on a person's oral health. However, extensive experimental data is needed to prove whether e-cigarette aerosol is more harmful to the oral cavity than cigarette smoke (CS).
The Effects of the Dopamine Transporter Ligands JJC8-088 and JJC8-091 on Cocaine versus Food Choice in Rhesus Monkeys

Although there are no Food and Drug Administration–approved treatments for cocaine use disorder, several modafinil analogs have demonstrated promise in reducing cocaine self-administration and reinstatement in rats. Furthermore, the range of dopamine transporter (DAT) compounds provides an opportunity to develop pharmacotherapeutics without abuse liability. This study extended the comparison of JJC8-088 and JJC8-091, the former compound having higher DAT affinity and predicted abuse liability, to rhesus monkeys using a concurrent cocaine versus food schedule of reinforcement. First, binding to striatal DAT was examined in cocaine-naïve monkey tissue. Next, intravenous pharmacokinetics of both JJC compounds were evaluated in cocaine-experienced male monkeys (n = 3/drug). In behavioral studies, acute and chronic administration of both compounds were evaluated in these same monkeys responding under a concurrent food versus cocaine (0 and 0.003–0.1 mg/kg per injection) schedule of reinforcement. In nonhuman primate striatum, JJC8-088 had higher DAT affinity compared with JJC8-091 (14.4 ± 9 versus 2730 ± 1270 nM, respectively). Both JJC compounds had favorable plasma pharmacokinetics for behavioral assessments, with half-lives of 1.1 hours and 3.5 hours for JJC8-088 (0.7 mg/kg, i.v.) and JJC8-091 (1.9 mg/kg, i.v.), respectively. Acute treatment with both compounds shifted the cocaine dose-response curve to the left. Chronic treatment with JJC8-088 decreased cocaine choice in two of the three monkeys, whereas JJC8-091 only modestly reduced cocaine allocation in one monkey. Differences in affinities of JJC8-091 DAT binding in monkeys compared with rats may account for the poor rodent-to-monkey translation. Future studies should evaluate atypical DAT blockers in combination with behavioral interventions that may further decrease cocaine choice. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cocaine use disorder (CUD) remains a significant public health problem with no Food and Drug Administration–approved treatments. The ability of drugs that act in the brain in a similar manner to cocaine, but with lower abuse liability, has clinical implications for a treatment of CUD.
Geophysical‐Petrological Model for Bidirectional Mantle Delamination of the Adria Microplate Beneath the Northern Apennines and Dinarides Orogenic Systems

This study presents a geophysical‐geochemical integrated model of the thermochemical structure of the lithosphere and uppermost mantle along a transect from the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea to the Pannonian Basin, crossing the northern Apennines, the Adriatic Sea, and the Dinarides fold‐thrust belt. The objectives are to image crustal thickness variations and characterize the different mantle domains. In addition, we evaluate the topographic response of opposed subductions along this transect and discuss their implications in the evolution of the region. Results show a more complex structure and slightly higher average crustal density of Adria compared to Tisza microplate. Below the Tyrrhenian Sea and Western Apennines, Moho lays at <25 km depth while along the Eastern Apennines it is as deep as 55 km. The modeled lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) below the Tyrrhenian Sea and Pannonian Basin is flat lying at ∼75 and 90 km, respectively. Below the External Apennines and Dinarides the LAB deepens to 150 km, slightly shallowing toward the Adriatic foreland basin at 125 km depth. Our results are consistent with the presence of two mantle wedges, resulting from the rollback of the Ligurian‐Tethys and Vardar‐NeoTethys oceanic slabs followed by continental mantle delamination of the eastern and western distal margins of Adria. These two opposed slabs beneath the Apennines and Dinarides are modeled as two thermal sublithospheric anomalies of −200°C. Most of the elevation along the profile is under thermal isostasy and departures can be explained by regional isostasy with an elastic thickness between 10 and 20 km.
Modelling method effects as individual causal effects

Summary. Method effects often occur when different methods are used for measuring the same construct. We present a new approach for modelling this kind of phenomenon, consisting of a definition of method effects and a first model, the method effect model, that can be used for data analysis. This model may be applied to multitrait–multimethod data or to longitudinal data where the same construct is measured with at least two methods at all occasions. In this new approach, the definition of the method effects is based on the theory of individual causal effects by Neyman and Rubin. Method effects are accordingly conceptualized as the individual effects of applying measurement method j instead of k. They are modelled as latent difference scores in structural equation models. A reference method needs to be chosen against which all other methods are compared. The model fit is invariant to the choice of the reference method. The model allows the estimation of the average of the individual method effects, their variance, their correlation with the traits (and other latent variables) and the correlation of different method effects among each other. Furthermore, since the definition of the method effects is in line with the theory of causality, the method effects may (under certain conditions) be interpreted as causal effects of the method. The method effect model is compared with traditional multitrait–multimethod models. An example illustrates the application of the model to longitudinal data analysing the effect of negatively (such as ‘feel bad’) as compared with positively formulated items (such as ‘feel good’) measuring mood states.
Not up to the task: perceptions of women and men with work-family conflicts

ABSTRACT Conversations about work-family conflict are commonplace. However, most of the conversation is based on how individuals can best manage work and family demands. Little is known about how others perceive and react towards individuals who go through this experience. Building on theories of social evaluation and stereotype maintenance, we hypothesized that due to gender stereotypes, which prescribe the ideal woman as highly invested in family and the ideal man as highly invested in work, women who experience work interference with family (WIF) and men who experience family interference with work (FIW) would elicit negative reactions. Results of three experimental studies (N Study1 = 569; N Study2 = 299; N Study3 = 275) and a field study (N = 219) provided only limited evidence for this assumption. However, they consistently showed across all four studies that both men and women who experience FIW were systematically judged and treated less favourably compared to employees with WIF, by observers and their supervisors, on several work-related dimensions (agency, dominance, respect, promotability, work performance, reward allocations). However, they were judged to be the better parents. We discuss the implications of our findings for work-family conflict research.
Network Science and Group Fusion Similarity-Based Searching to Explore the Chemical Space of Antiparasitic Peptides

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have appeared as promising compounds to treat a wide range of diseases. Their clinical potentialities reside in the wide range of mechanisms they can use for both killing microbes and modulating immune responses. However, the hugeness of the AMPs’ chemical space (AMPCS), represented by more than 1065 unique sequences, has represented a big challenge for the discovery of new promising therapeutic peptides and for the identification of common structural motifs. Here, we introduce network science and a similarity searching approach to discover new promising AMPs, specifically antiparasitic peptides (APPs). We exploited the network-based representation of APPs’ chemical space (APPCS) to retrieve valuable information by using three network types: chemical space (CSN), half-space proximal (HSPN), and metadata (METN). Some centrality measures were applied to identify in each network the most important and nonredundant peptides. Then, these central peptides were considered as queries (Qs) in group fusion similarity-based searches against a comprehensive collection of known AMPs, stored in the graph database StarPepDB, to propose new potential APPs. The performance of the resulting multiquery similarity-based search models (mQSSMs) was evaluated in five benchmarking data sets of APP/non-APPs. The predictions performed by the best mQSSM showed a strong-to-very-strong performance since their external Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) values ranged from 0.834 to 0.965. Outstanding MCC values (>0.85) were attained by the mQSSM with 219 Qs from both networks CSN and HSPN with 0.5 as similarity threshold in external data sets. Then, the performance of our best mQSSM was compared with the APPs prediction servers AMPDiscover and AMPFun. The proposed model showed its relevance by outperforming state-of-the-art machine learning models to predict APPs. After applying the best mQSSM and additional filters on the non-APP space from StarPepDB, 95 AMPs were repurposed as potential APP hits. Due to the high sequence diversity of these peptides, different computational approaches were applied to identify relevant motifs for searching and designing new APPs. Lastly, we identified 11 promising APP lead candidates by using our best mQSSMs together with diversity-based network analyses, and 24 web servers for activity/toxicity and drug-like properties. These results support that network-based similarity searches can be an effective and reliable strategy to identify APPs. The proposed models and pipeline are freely available through the StarPep toolbox software at http://mobiosd-hub.com/starpep.
Computer study of the percolation threshold in a two-dimensional anisotropic system of conducting sticks

We report here a Monte Carlo study of the percolation threshold in two-dimensional systems of conducting sticks. This is an extension of the work of Pike and Seager, who have considered only the isotropic sample of randomly-oriented---, equal-length---sticks system. Our study is concerned with the dependence of the percolation threshold on the macroscopic anisotropy of systems in which there is a preferred orientation of the sticks ensemble, as well as on the distribution of the sticks' lengths. In particular, we studied systems in which the orientation is determined by random alignments within a given interval or in which the alignments are normally distributed around a given direction. Similarly, for the sticks' lengths we have studied systems of equal lengths, of normally distributed lengths, and of log-normally distributed lengths. The results have shown that the percolation threshold always increases with the macroscopic anisotropy. Extrapolation of the results, from those of the finite sticks ensembles used to the infinite ensemble case, has indicated that in the infinite ensemble the percolation threshold is isotropic. It is found that the broader the stick-length distribution, the lower the mean of the distribution needed for the onset of percolation. Application of the present results for the evaluation of the conductivity indicates that the anisotropy dependence of the conductivity in systems of conducting fibers is determined by both the anisotropy dependence of the percolation threshold and the anisotropy dependence of the critical exponent. If (as found experimentally) a practically infinite two-dimensional system has a conductivity anisotropy, it must be attributed to the anisotropy in the latter parameter.
Cohesion and collective efficacy as antecedents and team performance as an outcome of team resilience in team sports

This research project, composed of two studies, aimed to analyse various antecedents and outcomes of team resilience. Study 1, which involved 394 sports team players (Mage = 20.41, SD = 5.23), cross-sectionally examined the relationship between group cohesion and collective efficacy with team resilience, and the mediating effect of collective efficacy on the cohesion-team resilience relationship, using players’ perceptions assessed through questionnaires. Study 2, which involved 434 players (Mage = 21.53, SD = 5.57) from collective sports, aimed to longitudinally corroborate the relationship between cohesion (Time 1) and collective efficacy (Time 1) with team resilience (Time 2), and to examine perceived team performance (Time 2) as a consequence of team resilience, again evaluated through questionnaires. Results showed that task cohesion, social cohesion and collective efficacy in Studies 1 and 2 were positively related to resilience characteristics. Also, task cohesion was negatively related to vulnerability under pressure in both studies. Collective efficacy was also shown to be an antecedent of vulnerability under pressure in Study 1 and a mediator of the relationship between task cohesion and resilience characteristics in both studies. Lastly, team resilience was a predictor of perceived team performance at the end of the season in Study 2. Thus, the findings provide new empirical evidence of the antecedents and outcomes of team resilience in the field of sports psychology. Coaches and practitioners should develop group cohesion and collective efficacy in training sessions and matches during the season to achieve more resilient and less vulnerable teams.
CONSERVATIVE REPORTING AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH AGGRESSIVE REPORTING OF EARNINGS FIGURES

In this study, the relationship between conservatism in reporting financial figures and aggressive reporting of earnings figures has been investigated. Here, Jones's adjusted model for calculating earnings management has been used as the substitute variable for aggressive reporting. Data were extracted from a sample of 102 companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 2007-2011. Hypotheses were tested using correlation analysis and regression modeling. In the first hypothesis, the relationship between earnings management and conservatism on MTB is addressed. The second hypothesis deals with the relationship between earnings management and conservatism based on accrual items. Findings from the first hypothesis indicate an inverse correlation between aggressive reporting and conservative reporting, i.e. where there is more conservatism, earnings management is less, and vice versa. However, findings from the second hypothesis represent a direct correlation between earnings management and conservatism. i.e. where there is more conservatism, the earnings management is higher. This contradiction in the relationship between conservatism and earnings management, caused by economic environment and behavioral factors, is the subject of conservatism in financial reporting.
The Population of Mars-Crossers: Classification and Dynamical Evolution

Recent dynamical results (Gladman et al. 1997. Dynamical lifetimes of objects injected into asteroid belt resonances. Science277, 197–201) have pointed out that the bodies injected by collisions into the main resonances of the asteroid belt could not sustain the observed population of Earth-crossers of large diameter. In this paper, we present our numerical exploration of the dynamical evolution of Mars-crosser asteroids initiated by Migliorini et al. (1998. Origin of multikilometer Earth and Mars-crossing asteroids: A quantitative simulation. Science281, 2022–2024.) and improved by computing the evolution over 100 Myr of the orbits of the whole observed sample of this population. Mars-crossers are about 35 times more numerous than Earth-crossers (at least down to 5 km in diameter). On the basis of their current orbital elements, we show that this population can be divided in different groups which have well-characterized dynamical behaviors, lifetimes, and end-states. From the dominant group, the asteroids evolve to intersect the Earth's orbit on a median time scale of about 60 Myr. Then, they can interchange between the Earth-crosser state and an evolved solely Mars-crosser one before colliding with the Sun or being ejected outside Saturn's orbit. Based on these dynamical results, we show that Mars-crosser asteroids can sustain about half of the multikilometer Earth-crossing population, and the expected orbital distribution of Earth-crossers coming from Mars-crossers is computed. Then, from an estimate of the size distribution of the Mars-crosser population and the spectral analysis of its different groups, we derive expected numbers of Earth-crossers and ratios of different taxonomic types in the Earth-crosser population that are not in disagreement with the observed ones. We also confirm by spectral analysis the viability of the scenario, according to which the Mars-crosser population is sustained by asteroids which leak out from the main belt.
Targeting of the ELR+CXCL/CXCR1/2 Pathway Is a Relevant Strategy for the Treatment of Paediatric Medulloblastomas

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common and aggressive paediatric brain tumour. Although the cure rate can be as high as 70%, current treatments (surgery, radio- and chemotherapy) excessively affect the patients’ quality of life. Relapses cannot be controlled by conventional or targeted treatments and are usually fatal. The strong heterogeneity of the disease (four subgroups and several subtypes) is related to innate or acquired resistance to reference treatments. Therefore, more efficient and less-toxic therapies are needed. Here, we demonstrated the efficacy of a novel inhibitor (C29) of CXCR1/2 receptors for ELR+CXCL cytokines for the treatment of childhood MB. The correlation between ELR+CXCL/CXCR1/2 expression and patient survival was determined using the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization platform. In vitro efficacy of C29 was evaluated by its ability to inhibit proliferation, migration, invasion, and pseudo-vessel formation of MB cell lines sensitive or resistant to radiotherapy. The growth of experimental MB obtained by MB spheroids on organotypic mouse cerebellar slices was also assayed. ELR+CXCL/CXCR1/2 levels correlated with shorter survival. C29 inhibited proliferation, clone formation, CXCL8/CXCR1/2-dependent migration, invasion, and pseudo-vessel formation by sensitive and radioresistant MB cells. C29 reduced experimental growth of MB in the ex vivo organotypic mouse model and crossed the blood–brain barrier. Targeting CXCR1/2 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of paediatric MB in first-line treatment or after relapse following conventional therapy.
The relationship between carpal tunnel syndrome, smartphone use, and addiction: A cross-sectional study

Objectives This study aims to investigate the use of and addiction to smartphones in individuals with and without carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Patients and methods The cross-sectional study included a total of 404 participants (286 females, 118 males; mean age: 39.7±11.6 years; range, 16 to 75 years) who applied to the Neurology Department of the Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, between April 2019 and October 2019. The participants were divided into two groups: 202 patients diagnosed with CTS were included in the case group, and 202 patients and their relatives who did not have hand and wrist complaints were included in the control group. The diagnosis of CTS was made by evaluating the history, physical examination, and electromyography findings. Data were collected with participant information forms and the Smartphone Addiction Scale. Results It was found that the risk of CTS increased 1.022 times with a one-unit increase in the SAS score and 1.292 times with a 1-h increase in daily smartphone use. Conclusion Smartphone addiction can be considered as a potential risk factor for CTS; however, the effect of smartphone addiction on CTS severity was not examined in this study. The relationship between disease severity, smartphone use, and smartphone addiction in CTS patients requires further investigation to provide clarification on this issue.