Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pliocene fossils support a New Zealand origin for the smallest extant penguins

Abstract. A late Pliocene (3.36–3.06 Ma) exposure of the Tangahoe Formation on the North Island of New Zealand preserves close fossil relatives of many extant seabird clades. Here, we report an extinct member of the little penguin (Eudyptula Bonaparte, 1856) lineage from the Tangahoe Formation—the smallest extinct crown penguin yet known. Eudyptula wilsonae n. sp. is based on the nearly complete skulls of an adult and a fledged but immature individual. Both skulls show more slender proportions than modern little penguins and precede genome-derived estimates for the divergence between Eudyptula minor minor Forster, 1781 (endemic to New Zealand) and Eudyptula m. novaehollandiae Stephens, 1826 (native to Australia and recently established in New Zealand). This raises the possibility that the fossil taxon represents a lineage directly ancestral to extant little penguins. Our results support a Zealandian origin for little penguins, with subsequent Pleistocene dispersal to Australia and a more recent Holocene range expansion of Eudyptula m. novaehollandiae back into New Zealand.
Impact of Educational Program Toward Autism spectrum disorder on caregivers’ knowledge at Autism Center in Kirkuk City

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders occurring in early childhood period, characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. A quazi-experimental study was carried out at Autism Center for autism at Kirkuk city starting from (15th November 2021) to (1 st february 2023 ), in order to planned apply an Educational program regarding autistic child to help Caregivers increase their knowledge more to find the relationship between Caregivers knowledge and their general information. A purposive (non-probability) sample of (40) Caregivers were selected from Pediatric Hospital in autism center at Kirkuk city to participate in the program. The program includes several lectures to teach Caregivers about autism and their work test before and after the program for Caregivers to measure the Impact of the program. The Questionnaire format prepared for the purpose of the study and consists of two parts, the first part is related to general information data of children and their Caregivers and the second part is related to Caregivers knowledge for their autistic children represent like a multiple choice which consists of (8) aspects for knowledge and divided into subitems which to consisting of (56) items. A descriptive statistical analysis procedure like frequency, percentage and mean of score and standard deviation. In addition an inferential analysis procedure (correlation coefficient and ANOVA) were used to analysis the data. The result shows that there is no significant association between Caregivers (Age Groups, Occupation, Family Type, Marital Status, and Economic situation) and their knowledge concerning autistic child, while there is statistical significant association between Caregivers (level of education) and their knowledge at (pre-test& posttest). The Caregivers knowledge were low about autism spectrum disorder of the beginning of an educational programs of autism. The Caregivers knowledge concerning autistic of their children are increasing at post-test and become high at acceptable knowledge level after the beginning of an educational program.The study recommended providing an educational courses for Caregivers attending the autistic center and providing an educational materials like posters, guidelines, leaflets and brochures in autism centers to educate their mass media condition important especially television for Caregivers to educate their.
A validated computational fluid dynamics methodology for characterisation of fluid flow and heat transfer in unsteady jets

To improve reliability and avoid premature failure in electronic devices, more effective techniques must be used to dissipate the heat generated by devices. Thermal simulations can enable engineers to investigate and verify appropriate techniques at a very early stage of the design of the electronic device. It helps to improve cooling techniques by providing a visual representation of the complicated heat dissipation phenomenon inside the device. Due to high heat transfer coefficients and the enhanced efficiency, impinging jets are known as a desirable method of heat removal. This thesis reports on a comprehensive project which aimed to establish and validate a robust yet low-cost computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology to predict the fluid flow and heat transfer of steady and unsteady impinging jets, using in-house detailed experimental measurements for validation. A major focus in this study is on improving the accuracy of unsteady heat transfer simulations. This is done through three major stages, namely, steady jets, pulsating jets, and synthetic jets. The idea is to investigate these three stages considering the incremental progression of complexity in the flow configurations. This can lead to a modelling methodology which is capable of handling a wide range of application and conditions, e.g. steady or unsteady jets, free or impinging jets, and fixed or moving geometries. For steady jets, one of the main goals is to show that the model is valid for a wide range of operational and geometrical parameters, while keeping the computational cost low. The motivation in the second stage for pulsating jets is to characterise the stagnation and area-averaged enhancements (or degradations) in convective heat transfer rate achieved by an unsteady flow such as pulsating jet, when compared to a steady jet, for an extended range of operating conditions. The results is analysed in terms of the effect of different key parameters. This is accomplished by developing fitted correlations as functions of groups of modified dimensionless numbers that best collapse the averaged and stagnation heat transfer enhancement. At the final stage, the most complicated case of unsteady synthetic jet with a moving geometry is studied. The formation, evolution and interaction of a pair of adjacent synthetic jets is investigated numerically using computational fluid dynamics and experimentally using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Full jet cavity simulations incorporating the diaphragm motion is performed using Mesh Deformation techniques. The results for both cases of phase-locked and out-of-phase jet flows are compared versus PIV measurements. This leads to a better understanding of the fluid mechanics of adjacent synthetic jets and delivers a theoretical basis to be used in the future for their application.
Some factors affecting the body weights at birth, weaning and born nine months in Cyprus, local goats and their crosses

This study was conducted in the station for ruminant research of the State Board for Agriculture Research, Ministry of Agricultural, for the period from 01/10/2012 up to 10/02/2014 for one a production season (2013), while the previous season data were obtained from the records. The study included 447 records of 104 Local kids, 249 Cyprus kids, 68 cross1 kids (½Cyprus + ½ Local * ½ Cyprus + ½ Local) and 26 cross 2 kids (Male Local * Female Cyprus) for weights at three ages (birth, weaning, 9 months). high-significant effect (P <0.01) for each of the genetic group and birth type and month - year of birth and the age of the mother at birth and significant effect (P <0.05) for the sex of the kid and no significant effect of genetic group * sex and sex * birth type on the type Birth Weight , high significant effect (P <0.01) for the month - year of birth and the regression on the age of weaning , and significant effect (P <0.05) for the type of birth and no significant effect of both genetic group and sex and age of the mother at birth and genetic Group * sex , sex* birth type and the regression on the birth weight at weaning weight , high significant effect (P <0.01) of the regression on the weight of weaning and no significant effect of genetic group and sex and birth type and month - year of birth and the age of the mother at birth and genetic Group * sex and sex * type of birth and the regression at the age of nine months on the weight of nine months. The study aimed to determine the impact of some factors on the weight kids in goats.
When mothers do it all: gender-role norms, women’s employment, and fertility intentions in post-industrial societies

Post-industrial countries with high rates of female labour force participation have generally had low fertility rates, but recent studies demonstrate that this is no longer the case. This has generated increased attention to how greater gender equality in the private sphere of the household may contribute to a positive relationship between women’s employment rates and fertility. Building on recent scholarship demonstrating the multidimensionality of gender-role attitudes, we argue that conversely, the prevalence of a gender-role ideology that supports women’s employment but places greater priority on their role as caregivers may depress the higher-order fertility intentions of working mothers. Using data from 25 European countries, we find that this type of gender-role ideology (egalitarian familism) moderates the relationship between mothers’ full-time employment and their intention to have a second child. This holds even after accounting for key features of the policy environment that are likely to mitigate work–family conflict. The analysis suggests that conflicting normative expectations for women’s work and family roles tend to dampen working mothers’ second-order fertility intentions, independent of work–family reconciliation policies.
System optimization-oriented spare parts dynamic configuration model for multi-echelon multi-indenture system

In order to optimize the spares configuration project at different stages during the life cycle, the factor of time is considered to relax the assumption of the spares steady demand in multi-echelon technique for recoverable item control (METRIC) theory. According to the method of systems analysis, the dynamic palm theorem is introduced to establish the prediction model of the spares demand rate, and its main influence factors are analyzed, based on which, the spares support effectiveness evaluation index system is studied, and the system optimization-oriented spares dynamic configuration method for multi-echelon multi-indenture system is proposed. Through the analysis of the optimization algorithm, the layered marginal algorithm is designed to improve the model calculation efficiency. In a given example, the multi-stage spares configuration project during its life cycle is gotten, the research result conforms to the actual status, and it can provide a new way for the spares dynamic optimization.
On high-order approximations for describing the lagging behavior of heat conduction

This paper is dedicated to high-order effects of thermal lagging in correlation with heat transfer models in micro- or nanoscale, relating the number of energy carriers and the associated resonance phenomenon under high-frequency excitations. Thus, a class of constitutive equations is considered for the heat flux describing high-order effects in the lagging behavior of heat transport. Tzou’s model, which is based on time-differential dual-phase-lag approximations of heat conduction, is generalized, incorporating the microstructural interaction effect in the fast-transient process of heat transport. More precisely, polynomial approximations of order n for the heat flux vector and of order m for the gradient of the temperature variation are considered. Further, well-posedness is established for solutions of the specific initial boundary value problems for the mathematical model when: (i) m = n ; (ii) m = n − 1 ; and (iii) m = n + 1 . This means that uniqueness and continuous dependences of solutions are established with respect to the given prescribed data. With this aim, some modified initial boundary value problems related to the operators of the constitutive equation are introduced and suitable time-weighted measures of the solution are presented, and are used to establish the uniqueness theorems and to generate some estimates describing the continuous dependence of solutions with respect to the given data for each of the three cases specified. Moreover, the spatial behavior of the transient solutions is studied and an influence domain result is established for m = n ± 1 , while for m = n some exponential decay estimates of Saint-Venant type are established. All results are established without restrictions on the characteristic parameters of the constitutive equation other than that the product of the coefficients of the time derivatives of greatest order of the two operators involved in the constitutive equation is positive.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation as strategy to mitigate copper toxicity in young field-grown vines

Frequent applications of foliar fungicides on grapevines increase copper (Cu) levels in soils, which may cause toxicity to young grapevines transplanted to eradicated old vineyards, especially because they are more sensitive. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt strategies to mitigate Cu toxic effects, such as grapevine seedlings inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which establish symbiosis association with plants roots, preferably in field experiments. The present study we objective to evaluate AMF pre-inoculation effects on growth and mineral absorption of grapevine seedlings in a field experiment using sandy soil contaminated with Cu. The experiment was conducted in Santana do Livramento (RS), in a Typical Hapludalf soil. Initially, grapevine seedlings from ‘Paulsen 1103’ (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris) rootstock were AMP pre-inoculated and then transplanted into the field in area containing high Cu levels. Experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with a 4 × 2 factorial scheme: four seedlings pre-inoculation treatments (control = uninoculated seedlings; Rhizophagus clarus UFSC-14; Rhizophagus intraradices UFSC-32; Dentisculata heterogama UFSC-08); two soil Cu concentrations (62 mg/kg and 118 mg/kg (Mehlich-I), with five replications. Pre-inoculation did not favor growth of young vines in field after 316 and 500 days of transplantation (DAT). However, seedlings from pre-inoculated vines with R. intraradices UFSC-32 and R. clarus UFSC-14 presented lower Cu levels in leaves in the soils with high Cu levels. Thus, pre-inoculation of young vines seedling with selected AMF may represent a strategy to reduce Cu toxicity, contributing to plants establishment in contaminated soils.
The Effect of Tenure, Specialization, Conservatism, and Fees on the Relationship between Going-Concern Opinions and Client Bankruptcy

This paper uses the relationship between a going-concern modified audit opinion and client bankruptcy as an audit quality indicator to investigate factors that could affect audit quality. The setting is important because, although stakeholders often view bankruptcies without a preceding going-concern opinion as evidence of impaired auditor independence, there could be various reasons behind them. Using a matched sample of bankrupt and nonbankrupt clients, this paper finds that the relationship is less positive when auditors are nonspecialists, allow more income-increasing discretionary accruals, or receive higher audit fees. These results suggest that auditors provide lower audit quality when they lack sufficient industry knowledge, are less conservative, or are more reliant on audit fees. Data Availability: Data are publicly available from the sources identified in the paper.
Towards an Energy Complexity Model for Distributed Data Processing Algorithms

Modern data centers exist as infrastructure in the era of Big Data. Big data processing applications are the major computing workload of data centers. Electricity cost accounts for about 50% of data centers’ operational costs. Therefore, the energy consumed for running distributed data processing algorithms on a data center is starting to attract both academia and industry. Most works study the energy consumption from the hardware perspective and only a few of them from the algorithm perspective. A general and hardware-independent energy evaluation model for the algorithms is in demand. With the model, algorithm designers can evaluate the energy consumption, compare energy consumption features and facilitate energy consumption optimization of distributed data processing algorithms. Inspired by the time complexity model, we propose an energy complexity model for describing the trends that an algorithm's energy consumption grows with the algorithm's input size. We argue that a good algorithm, especially for processing Big Data, should have a ‘small’ energy complexity. We define <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E(n)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="song-ieq1-3284259.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> to represent the functional relationship that associates an algorithm's input size <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="song-ieq2-3284259.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> with its notional energy consumption <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="song-ieq3-3284259.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. Based on the well-known abstract Bulk Synchronous Parallel (BSP) computer and programming model, we present a complete <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E(n)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="song-ieq4-3284259.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> solution, including abstraction, generalization, quantification, derivation, comparison, analysis, examples, verification, and applications. Comprehensive experimental analysis shows that the proposed energy complexity model is practical, interestingly, and not equivalent to time complexity.
Facial Trustworthiness Influences Age Differences in Visual Attention Toward Credible Versus Non-credible Messages

Abstract Background and Objectives The literature on consumer decision-making and aging suggests that older adults make less optimal buying decisions than younger adults do, partly because older adults tend to perceive salespersons’ faces as more trustworthy. This study aims to directly test the difference in the effect of perceived facial trustworthiness on buying intention between younger and older adults. It also aims to reveal the underlying mechanisms of this age-related difference by testing whether a more trustworthy face disrupts older adults’ attention toward credible (vs. non-credible) information to a higher degree compared with younger adults. Research Design and Methods A sample of 92 younger (aged 18–37 years) and 83 older (aged 60–82 years) adults viewed advertisements for 32 products while their eye movements were captured by an eye tracker to measure their fixation duration (as an indicator of attention). The advertisements varied in terms of the credibility of the content and the trustworthiness of the salesperson’s face. Results Both age groups showed higher buying intentions for products featured in advertisements with higher credibility and facial trustworthiness. When facial trustworthiness was lower, both age groups showed greater attentional preferences for credible over non-credible content. However, this distinction in attention disappeared in older but not younger adults with an increase in facial trustworthiness. Discussion and Implications Our findings suggest that although facial trustworthiness generally increases buying intention of both younger and older adults, it only reduces older (but not younger) adults’ attentional discrimination between credible and non-credible content. This paper offers a novel and promising mechanism for the increase in fraud vulnerability in late adulthood.
Stability of traveling wavefronts for time-delayed reaction-diffusion equations

This paper is concerned with time-delayed reaction-diffusion equations. For all traveling wavefronts, they are proved to be stable time-asymptotically by the technical weighted energy method with the comparison principle together, which extends the wave stability results obtained in [7,8]. Some numerical simulations are also carried out, which confirm our theoretical results.
Person-Organisational Fit: A Revised Structural Configuration

An empirical study was conducted into the structural configuration of person-organisational fit (P-O fit), measured by the P-O fit questionnaire. The data from three independent studies (a total of 4 388 respondents) was analysed and consistent results across the three studies were reported. The exploratory factor analysis yielded a two factor model with acceptable psychometric properties. The factors names were based on previous literature, namely Supplementary fit (person-organisational fit, indirect fit and value congruence) and Complementary fit (combination of demands-ability and needs-supply fit) perceptions. The two factor model was further tested for construct validity (discriminant and convergent validity) and was found to be valid. The findings could be used as a foundation for future studies as they provide an empirically refined conceptualisation and measurement of fit perceptions which is theoretically supported. An accurate measure of P-O fit could be used to make better predictions of individual’s work attitudes and behaviour.
Partial Quantum Tensors of Input and Output Connections

I show how many connections of Γ are presently existing from R to β as they are being inputted simultaneously through tensor products. I plan to address the Quantum state of this tensor connection step by step throughout the application presented. Also, I will show you how to prove that the connection is true for this tensor connection through its output method using a small bit of tensor calculus and mostly number theory.
Lateglacial to Mid-Holocene history of Vasby Mose, eastern Sjælland, Denmark

We retrieved a sediment core from Vasby Mose, a calcareous fen on eastern Sjælland, Denmark. The record spans the period from c. 14 700 to 6800 cal. years BP. During the Lateglacial, Vasby Mose was a lake where minerogenic sandy and clayey sediments accumulated. In the early Lateglacial, from c. 14 700 to 13 200 cal. years BP, a tundralike open, treeless vegetation with Betula nana and Dryas octopetala was found in the region. During the Younger Dryas, a rich flora of aquatic plants was found in the lake. In the Early to Mid-Holocene, Vasby Mose was a spring-fed calcareous fen, with deposition of peat and tufa. The flora included the sedges Carex rostrata and Carex paniculata, the aquatic plant Menyathes trifoliata, the calciphilous reed plant Cladium mariscus and the today nationally extinct bryophyte Meesia triquetra. The fauna included aquatic mollusc taxa such as Pisidium sp. , Valvata spp. And Bithynia tentaculate and terrestrial or semi-terrestrial species such as Galba truncatula, Euconolus cf. alderi, Succinea/Oxyloma, Zonitoides nitidus and Vallonia pulchella. The Preboreal oscillation and other Early Holocene climate events are seen as short-lived, wet intervals.