Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANNALES DE L’INSTITUT FOURIER

— We define a class of representations of the fundamental group of a closed surface of genus 2 to PSL 2 ( C ): the pentagon representations . We show that they are exactly the non-elementary PSL 2 ( C )-representations of surface groups that do not admit a Schottky decomposition, i.e. a pants decomposition such that the restriction of the representation to each pair of pants is an isomorphism onto a Schottky group. In doing so, we exhibit a gap in the proof of Gallo, Kapovich and Marden that every non-elementary representation of a surface group to PSL 2 ( C ) is the holonomy of a projective structure, possibly with one branched point of order 2. We show that pentagon representations arise as such holonomies and repair their proof. Résumé. — Nous définissons une classe de représentations du groupe fondamen-tal d’une surface fermée de genre 2 dans PSL 2 ( C ) : les représentations pentagones. Nous montrons que ce sont exactement les représentations d’un groupe de surface dans PSL 2 ( C ) qui n’admettent pas de décomposition de Schottky, i.e. de décompo-sition en pantalons telle que la restriction de la représentation à chaque pantalon est un isomorphisme sur un groupe de Schottky. Ce faisant, nous exhibons une lacune dans la preuve de Gallo, Kapovich et Marden du fait que toute représentation non-élémentaire d’un groupe de surface dans PSL 2 ( C ) est l’holonomie d’une structure projective, avec éventuellement un point de branchement d’ordre 2. Nous montrons que les représentations pentagones sont de telles holonomies et réparons leur preuve.
A review with updated perspectives on in vitro and in vivo wound healing models

A skin wound or perforation triggers a series of homeostatic reactions to safeguard internal organs from invasion by pathogens or other substances that could damage body tissues. An injury may occasionally heal quickly, leading to the closure of the skin’s structure. Healing from chronic wounds takes a long time. Although many treatment options are available to manage wound healing, an unmet therapy need remains because of the complexity of the processes and the other factors involved. It is crucial to conduct consistent research on novel therapeutic approaches to find an effective healing agent. Therefore, this work aims to cover various in vitro and in vivo methodologies that could be utilised to examine wound recovery. Before deciding on the optimal course of action, several techniques’ benefits, drawbacks, and factors need to be reviewed.
Regeneration Strategies of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) in Coastal Forests of Maine

Invasive exotic plant species have been shown to threaten biodiversity, habitat quality, and ecosystem functions, as well as agricultural and silvicultural economics via loss of revenue and high costs of invasive control programs. Invasion into intact closed-canopy forest ecosystems is less common than in open (e.g. grassland) habitats. However, one invasive species that has successfully invaded forests is the introduced ornamental shrub Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) in the family Berberidaceae. Japanese barberry was introduced over 125 years ago and is becoming a major threat to native systems, but relatively little has been published about the basic biology or ecology of the species. Gaps in knowledge include shortages of published information about regeneration dynamics and seedbanks. This study addresses the questions: (1) What is the density and origin of regenerating Japanese barberry and other species before and after removal of the Japanese barberry overstory? (2) Does a portion of Japanese barberry seeds remain viable for at least a year under natural conditions? (3) Do varying temperature and moisture regimes affect the germination success of seeds with and without the presence of Japanese barberry fruit pulp?
Evaluating University–Community Engagement Through a Community-Based Lens: What Indicators Are Suitable?

This study explores the indicators of university-community engagement and their implications to evaluation. Through an examination of 47 studies, we validate that university-community engagement can un-fold in many ways and impact many stakeholders, and that, evaluation focusing only on university perspectives might leave out the community perspective which is equally important. We developed a conceptual framework consisting of three domains of university-community engagement, namely purpose, process and community impacts. These domains offer a comprehensive evaluation of university-community engagement from a community perspective. We then identify the key performance indicators under these domains and the implications of these indicators to evaluation. We found out some existing limitations on methodology and on quantifying indicators. Based on the findings, we recommend that the selection of indicators should consider a variety of activities and impacts to allow comprehensive evaluation. Also, methodologies should be continually refined to keep up with changing phenomena.
Upper atmosphere response to stratosphere sudden warming: Local time and height dependence simulated by GAIA model

The whole atmosphere model GAIA is employed to shed light on atmospheric response to the 2009 major stratosphere sudden warming (SSW) from the ground to exobase. Distinct features are revealed about SSW impacts on thermospheric temperature and density above 100 km altitude. (1) The effect is primarily quasi‐semidiurnal in tropical regions, with warming in the noon and pre‐midnight sectors and cooling in the dawn and dusk sectors. (2) This pattern exists at all altitudes above 100 km, with its phase being almost constant above 200 km, but propagates downward in the lower thermosphere between 100 and 200 km. (3) The northern polar region experiences warming in a narrow layer between 100 and 130 km, while the southern polar region experiences cooling throughout 100–400 km altitudes. (4) The global net thermal effect on the atmosphere above 100 km is a cooling of approximately −12 K. These characteristics provide us with an urgently needed global context to better connect and understand the increasing upper atmosphere observations during SSW events.
Systematic decomposition of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation into balanced and inertio‐gravity components

We present a new method for the three‐dimensional multivariate decomposition of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) into balanced and inertio‐gravity (IG) components. The method analyzes global fields with no filtering involved, and it provides a quantitative comparison between the contribution of the Rossby, Kelvin, and other balanced and IG modes to the MJO circulation and its teleconnections. Results based on the ERA Interim reanalysis data and the multivariate MJO index show that the Rossby mode with the lowest meridional index is the largest contributor to the MJO circulation over the Pacific. A smaller role of the Kelvin mode is diagnosed over the Indian Ocean and the maritime continent. The MJO teleconnections in the polar stratosphere appear associated with the leading balanced vertical modes. The presented method shows new ways of evaluating the MJO structure and its global impacts in weather and climate models.
Aumento de la incidencia de gastrosquisis en un hospital de alta especialidad al norte de México

Objective: To review the incidence of cases of gastroschisis in the Hospital Universitario Dr. José E. González (HU) and to analyze possible genetic and environmental causes. Methods: Data obtain from hospital registries from 1998-2008 were used to obtain the frequency of cases. Maternal and paternal age, associated anomalies, clinical outcomes, prenatal exposure to teratogens and other parameters were obtained from medial registries. Results: There were around 4500 births per year from 1998 with a significant increase of adolescent mothers in the last five years. A total of 46 neonates with gastroschisis were admitted from 1/ 1998 to 12/2008, the incidence rate was 11.1 /10,000 in 2004 and 23/10,000 in 2008. The mortality was of 35%. We only had access to 26 medical records. The mean paternal age was 27.65 (17-49) and maternal age was 21.2 years (15-40 years), 61.5% were teenagers. From these, 65% were primiparous, five had a history of alcohol use and of tobacco in four of them and 77% had a history of taking prenatal folic acid. Nineteen percent of the newborns were preterm with a mean gestational age of 37 wks (32-40 wks). Major and minor malformations were associated in 30% of cases. Karyotype performed in two cases showed chromosome abnormalities: 46, XY, ins (10q11.2) and 46, XX, dup (Xp22.1) the last one associated to atrial septum defect. Conclusion: Incidence of gastroschisis has been raising at the University Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico associated to an increase in pregnancies in teenagers. Chromosomal aberrations found have not been reported previously.
Visual-Inertial-Laser-Lidar (VILL) SLAM: Real-Time Dense RGB-D Mapping for Pipe Environments

Robotic solutions for pipeline inspection promise enhancement of human labor by automating data acquisition for pipe condition assessments, which are vital for the early detection of pipe anomalies and the prevention of hazardous leakages and explosions. Through simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), colorized 3D reconstructions of the pipe's inner surface can be generated, providing a more comprehensive digital record of the pipes compared to conventional vision-only inspection. Designed for generic environments, most SLAM methods suffer limited accuracy and substantial accumulative drift in confined and featureless spaces such as pipelines, due to a lack of suitable sensor hardware and state estimation techniques. In this research, we present VILL-SLAM: a dense RGB-D SLAM algorithm that combines a monocular camera (V), an inertial sensor (I), a ring-shaped laser profiler (L), and a Lidar (L) into a compact sensor package optimized for in-pipe operations. By fusing complementary visual and depth information from the color camera, laser profiling, and Lidar measurement, our method overcomes the challenges of metric scale mapping in conventional SLAM methods, despite its monocular configuration. To further improve localization accuracy, we utilize the pipe geometry to formulate two unique optimization factors that effectively constrain odometer drift. To validate our method, we conducted real-world experiments in physical pipes, comparing the performance of our approach against other state-of-the-art algorithms. The proposed SLAM framework achieved 6.6 times drift improvement with 0.84% mean odometry drift over 22 meters and a mean pointwise 3D scanning error of 0.88mm in 12-inch diameter pipes. This research represents a significant advancement in miniature in-pipe inspection, localization, and mapping sensing techniques. It has the potential to become a core enabling technology for the next generation of highly capable in-pipe robots, capable of reconstructing photo-realistic 3D pipe scans and providing disruptive pipe locating and georeferencing capabilities.
ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet

A black hole X-ray binary produces hard X-ray radiation from its corona and disk when the accreting matter heats up. During an outburst, the disk and corona co-evolves with each other. However, such an evolution is still unclear in both its geometry and dynamics. Here we report the unusual decrease of the re ﬂ ection fraction in MAXI J1820 + 070, which is the ratio of the coronal intensity illuminating the disk to the coronal intensity reaching the observer, as the corona is observed to contrast during the decay phase. We postulate a jet-like corona model, in which the corona can be understood as a standing shock where the material ﬂ owing through. In this dynamical scenario, the decrease of the re ﬂ ection fraction is a signature of the corona ’ s bulk velocity. Our ﬁ ndings suggest that as the corona is observed to get closer to the black hole, the coronal material might be out ﬂ owing faster.
Subglacial bedrock welding associated with glacial earthquakes

A <3 mm thick, intensely brecciated layer associated with Marinoan (c. 635 Ma) glacial striations on a Neoproterozoic sandstone pavement is documented. Only instantaneous solidification could have preserved the breccia in situ. Glacier speeds of c. 0.3 m s−1 would have induced peak flash temperatures sufficient (>1130 °C) to cause partial frictional welding of the deformed quartzitic bedrock beneath an ice-loaded clast. These results support suggestions that glacial seismicity is due to episodic very rapid shifts of large ice masses over the substrate (stick–slip movement). They also indicate that significant effective normal stresses occur at the base of glaciers.
Demographic characteristics and knowledge about dental trauma by physical education teachers in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the demographic characteristics of physical education professionals, their knowledge on dental trauma, and related first aid management. It is well known that physical activities may pose dental trauma risks, and urgent care is essential to minimize damages. Methods: Exploratory research with descriptive nature and quantitative approach. The sample was selected by convenience and comprised 31 physical education professionals. A structured questionnaire developed on Google Forms® system was sent to the participants. The collected data were organized and analyzed. Results: Among the total sample, only 5 (16.1%) had information on the subject. When asked about specific actions to manage dental trauma, only few participants stated to the most appropriate approach. Conclusion: There is a widespread lack of knowledge on dental trauma and the correct and immediate management of such injuries. As these injuries occur frequently in the target population of their daily work, this lack of preparation can hinder and undermine the work of the dentist and cause irreversible harm to the victims.
PROOF COVER SHEET

While scholars have showed a long-standing interest for how to design effective environmental treaties and other international agreements, less interest has been paid to implementation phases of these agreements. This article takes the Eutrophication Segment in the Baltic Sea Action Plan as an example of a regional effort to reduce nutrient leakages, where national reporting of adopted strategies has been a key mechanism to improve implementation effectiveness. It is shown that although transnational collective action theory is a powerful tool to analyse underlying drivers and priorities in state implementation policies, a deeper analysis of domestic and external constraints can shed additional light on observed implementation gaps. Varying views among countries on, for example, the role of stakeholder participation, legitimacy and top-down governing versus multi-stakeholder governance approaches may comprise domestic constraints that make effective and efficient implementation problematic. In terms of external constraints, states ’ balancing of action plan objectives versus other international commitments, such as other environmental treaties and EU Directives, is shown to potentially reduce implementation efficiency as well.
Effects of Head-Tracking Artefacts on Externalization and Localization in Azimuth With Binaural Wearable Devices

Head tracking combined with head movements have been shown to improve auditory ex-ternalization of a virtual sound source and contribute to the performance in localization. With certain technically constrained head-tracking algorithms, as can be found in wearable devices, artefacts can be encountered. Typical artefacts could consist of an estimation mismatch or a tracking latency. The experiments reported in this article aim to evaluate the effect of such artefacts on the spatial perception of a non-individualized binaural synthesis algorithm. The first experiment focused on auditory externalization of a frontal source while the listener was performing a large head movement. The results showed that a degraded head tracking combined with head movement yields a higher degree of externalization compared to head movements with no head tracking. This suggests that the listeners could still take advantage of spatial cues provided by the head movement. The second experiment consisted of a localization task in azimuth with the same simulated head-tracking artefacts. The results showed that a large latency (400 ms) did not affect the ability of the listeners to locate virtual sound sources compared to a reference headtracking. However, the estimation mismatch artefact reduced the localization performance in azimuth
The impact of two land‐surface schemes on the characteristics of summer precipitation over East Asia from the RegCM4 simulations

This study evaluates the performance of the regional climate model RegCM4, which incorporates the Biosphere–Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) and Community Land Model (CLM3) land‐surface schemes, in simulating the summer precipitation over East Asia. The characteristics of summer precipitation are analysed in terms of mean amount, frequency and intensity of daily precipitation. The results show that the simulation of the summer precipitation is significantly sensitive to the choices of the land‐surface schemes. Despite several deficiencies, the simulation of daily precipitation with CLM3 exhibits superior performance to that with BATS. The BATS simulation tends to systematically overestimate both precipitation frequency and intensity, and hence total precipitation across the whole domain. On the other hand, the CLM3 simulation substantially reduces the wet biases produced in the BATS simulation. The difference in performance between the two simulations mainly results from convective precipitation rather than large‐scale precipitation. Since excessive convective precipitation tends to suppress large‐scale precipitation, the BATS simulation also exhibits a limitation in properly simulating the ratio of convective and large‐scale precipitation. Such behaviour can be explained by the influence of soil moisture on convective precipitation. Persistently wetter soil moisture in the BATS land‐surface scheme can modulate the partitioning of surface heat fluxes inadequately, leading to overestimation of latent heat flux and underestimation of sensible heat flux over South China, in particular. Consequently, it affects the thermodynamic structure (as described by the stability indices), which in turn affects the atmospheric stability to determine the convective activity. The CLM3 simulation generates a more realistic representation of equivalent potential temperature, convective available potential energy and convective inhibition, and thus improves the characteristics of daily precipitation.
The Quaternary in Scotland: a review

Synopsis Only two interglacial pollen sites are known in Scotland, both in Shetland. There is at present no satisfactory evidence that the decay of the last ice-sheet was interrupted by a significant readvance. Decay was probably complete by 12 500. The Loch Lomond Readvance, which probably began before 10 800, is associated with excellent end moraines (often, significantly, multiple) at more than 100 locations. Former firn lines can be calculated and palaeoclimatic inferences made. The mapped limit of the readvance accords with the distribution of 58 lateglacial pollen sites. Periglacial processes currently operate on the Scottish mountains but were extremely active during the Loch Lomond Readvance, when permafrost (with frost wedges) existed down to sea-level. A summary of the sequence of lateglacial and postglacial sea-level changes (especially in the southeast) includes re-dating of the low-level rock platform and cliff of western Scotland and leads to an unconventional mode of deglaciation for the Glasgow area.
Flooding in Western Washington: The Connection to Atmospheric Rivers*

AbstractThis study utilizes multiple decades of daily streamflow data gathered in four major watersheds in western Washington to determine the meteorological conditions most likely to cause flooding in those watersheds. Two are located in the Olympic Mountains and the other two in the western Cascades; and each has uniquely different topographic characteristics. The flood analysis is based on the maximum daily flow observed during each water year (WY) at each site [i.e., the annual peak daily flow (APDF)], with an initial emphasis on the 12 most recent water years between WY1998 and 2009, and then focusing on a 30-year interval between WY1980 and 2009. The shorter time period coincides with relatively complete passive microwave satellite coverage of integrated water vapor (IWV) over the Pacific basin. The combination of IWV imagery and streamflow data highlights a close link between landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) and APDFs (i.e., 46 of the 48 APDFs occurred with landfalling ARs). To complement this .
Placer gold and other economic minerals from the remnants of palaeofan deposits in the foreland of the East Sudetes, Poland

Gold-bearing palaeofan deposits in the East Sudetic Foreland region are associated with the White Gravel series, which is the richest gold-bearing horizon. The remnants of the White Gravels in the vicinity of Gieralcice and Slawniowice contain between 0.33 g/m3 Au near the base and 93 wt % Au) and low silver ( 95 wt % Au). The bedrock source of gold is probably related to quartz veins in Palaeozoic schist and quartzite. There are several local point sources of gold, mainly quartz veins of the Zlaty Chlum Massif. Data presented for the Gieralcice–Slawniowice palaeofan placers may be useful for prospecting and exploration for similar deposits.
Development of vaporization process from young stands of Norway spruce and European beech after snow breakage.

The extreme disturbance of the forest environment in the young experimental spruce stand in the Orlicke hory Mts after the snow breakage disaster in the winter of 2005/2006 became the impulse for the present study. 98% spruce trees were affected, the stand density decreased from 1550 to 950 trees per ha, the needle foliage of the stand was reduced to about 40%, and the stand canopy was markedly disturbed. The investigation consisted of two methodical procedures: the assessment of evapotranspiration of the forest stands ( eT) based on continu - ous measuring of the water content in the root zone of the soil profile, and intermittent measuring of evaporation from the soil surface including the ground vegetation ( es). Comparative investigation was simultaneously done in a young experimental beech stand with minimum disturbance. eT totals (evaporation from the soil surface and ground vegetation es + transpiration of trees T) were comparable in both stands (200 to 235 mm during the growing season). Until 2006, eT was ± 10% higher in the spruce stand, whereas in 2007, eT was 10% higher in the beech stand. an extremely high increase of the soil surface evaporation ( es) was observed in a gappy spruce stand. Immediately after the disaster, maximum daily totals of evaporation ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 mm in the spring and summer 2006, while in the beechstand they reached half these values. In the following year 2007, with gradual weeds infestation of the stand gaps, whose cover extended to 80% in the summer and autumn, the values of es in the spruce stand reached up to 3 mm per day, on warm summer days being on the level of the weed-infested clear felled area. In the same days, evaporation in a fully closed beech stand was usually 3 to 4 times lower. The evaporation from the soil surface and ground vegetation evidently substituted the reduced transpiration of the spruce broken canopy, if eT total did not change significantly.