A testedzésfüggőség és a testkép vizsgálata fitneszedzést végző nők körében = Examination of exercise dependence and body image in female fitness exercisers

Hatter: A rendszeres testedzes fizikumra es mentalis egeszsegre gyakorolt pozitiv hatasat szamos vizsgalat alatamasztja, azonban egyes tanulmanyok szerint a testedzesnek negativ kovetkezmenyei is lehetnek, peldaul a testedzesfuggőseg es a negativ testkep. Celkitűzes: Vizsgalatunk fő celja a testedzesfuggőseg korrelatumainak felmerese volt fitneszedzest folytato nők koreben. A kutatas kereteben magyar nyelvre adaptalt Testertekelesi Skala (Body Appreciation Scale; BAS) pszichometriai vizsgalatat ugyancsak celul tűztuk ki. Modszerek: Keresztmetszeti, kerdőives, online adatgyűjtest alkalmazo vizsgalatunkban 1231 nő vett reszt (atlageletkor: 31,3 ev; szoras = 7,83 ev). Merőeszkozok: onbeszamolos antropometriai adatok (testsuly, testmagassag), a testedzes tipusara es gyakorisagara vonatkozo kerdesek, Testedzes Addikcio Kerdőiv, Testertekelesi Skala. Eredmenyek: A konfirmativ faktoranalizis nem tamasztotta ala a BAS egyfaktoros strukturajat (χ2(65) = 1496,81; p < 0,0001; CFI = 0,87; TLI = 0,82; RMSEA = 0,134; RMSEA CI90 = 0,128—0,140). Az elmeleti alapon felallitott negyfaktoros szerkezet viszont elfogadhato illeszkedest mutatott (χ2(59) = 691,72; p < 0,0001; CFI = 0,94; TLI = 0,91; RMSEA = 0,093; RMSEA CI90 = 0,087—0,100; ∆χ2 = 805,09; ∆DF = 6; p < 0,0001). A kerdőiv belső megbizhatosaga jonak bizonyult (Cronbach-alfa = 0,91). Az edzesek gyakoribb volta (β = 0,15; p < 0,001), a felsőfoku iskolai vegzettseg (β = 0,13; p < 0,001) es az idősebb eletkor (β = 0,09; p = 0,001) a test kedvezőbb, mig a nagyobb mertekű eszlelt sulyfelesleg a test kedvezőtlenebb (β = —0,40; p < 0,001) ertekeleset jelezte előre. A testedzesfuggőseg kockazatanak prevalenciaja 6,7%. A minta 62,4%-a nem fuggő, de problemas testedzőnek bizonyult. A testedzesfuggőseg szempontjabol veszelyeztetettek kisebb mertekű eszlelt sulyfelesleggel birnak (OR = 0,94; p = 0,014) es tobbet edzenek (OR = 3,19; p < 0,001), mint a testedzesfuggőseg szempontjabol tunetmentes tarsaik. Konkluzio: Eredmenyeink hozzajarulhatnak a testedzesfuggőseg problemakorenek jobb megismeresehez, illetve az intervencios programok kidolgozasahoz. | Background: The mental and physical benefits of regular exercise are well known; however, some forms of exercise may have negative consequences, such as exercise dependence and negative body image. Aims: The primary aim of the study was the examination of exercise dependence and its correlates among female fitness exercisers. The secondary aim of the study was the adaptation of the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) into Hungarian and the examination of the psychometric properties of the scale. Methods: 1231 female fitness exercisers (mean age: 31.3 years, SD = 7.83 years) participated in this cross-sectional, online questionnaire based study. Applied measures were: self-reported anthropometric data (body weight and body height), questions related to the type and frequency of exercise, Exercise Addiction Inventory, and Body Appreciation Scale. Results: Result of the confirmatory factor analysis did not support the one-factor structure of the BAS (χ2(65) = 1496.81, p < . 0001, CFI = . 87, TLI = . 82, RMSEA = . 134, RMSEA CI90 = . 128—. 140). However, the theoretically-based four-factor structure provided acceptable fit indices (χ2(59) = 691.72, p < . 0001, CFI = . 94, TLI = . 91, RMSEA = . 093, RMSEA CI90 = . 087—. 100, ∆χ2 = 805.09, ∆DF = 6, p < . 0001). The internal consistency of the scale was good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91). Higher frequency of exercise (β = .15, p < .001), higher level of education (β = .13, p < .001), and older age (β = .09, p = .001) predicted higher levels of body appreciation, while higher levels of perceived overweight predicted poorer body appreciation (β = —.40, p < .001). The prevalence rate of those who were at risk for exercise dependence was 6.7%, while further 62.4% of the sample was problematic but non-dependent exercisers. Those who were at-risk for exercise dependence reported less perceived overweight (OR = 0.94, p = .014) and exercised more (OR = 3.19, p < .001) than non-dependent exercisers. Conclusion: Our results contribute to the deeper understanding of this phenomenon and eventually to the development of effective intervention programs.