Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Quantitative Computed Tomography Parameters of Adrenal Glands in Patients from Internistled ICU with Sepsis and Septic Shock

The aim was to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of different quantitative analysis methods assessing adrenal gland parameters on contrast-enhanced CT scans in patients with septic conditions. Seventy–six patients (49 men, 27 women) received CT scans for focus search. Adrenal glands were analyzed by means of three different methods: subjective region of interest (ROI) measurement, organ segmentation and histogram analysis using semi-automated software. Univariate analyses with multiple testing thresholds and receiver operating characteristic curves were performed. Clinical endpoints were 8-days, 28-days and 6-months mortality. Forty-four CT scans were analyzed (ground truth: patients with no sepsis: n = 6; patients with sepsis: n = 15; patients in septic shock: n = 21). Left adrenal gland (LAG) values were analyzed and compared, as data variation was lower than in the right adrenal glands. In patients with septic conditions, the combination of high LAG and Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) density values was highly specific for septic shock with all three methods. Only segmentation values were significantly different between the sepsis and septic shock groups after confounder correction (p = 0.048). Total adrenal gland volume was 20% higher in the septic shock patients while a relatively small LAG volume within the septic shock subgroup was associated with higher mortality at day 8 (AUC = 0.8; p = 0.006) and at 6 months (AUC = 0.7; p = 0.035). However, time-consuming density analysis methods assessing adrenal glands do not provide additional diagnostic value in patients with septic conditions. The combination of high LAG and IVC attenuation values seems to be highly specific for septic shock, regardless of the analysis type. Adrenal gland volume reveals short- and long-term prognostic capacity.
Employee Performance and the Effects of Work Discipline and Individual Ability, with Organizational Supervision as a Moderator

This study aims to examine the influence of work discipline and individual ability on employee performance with organizational supervision as a moderator at Class II Ternate Harbor and Port Authority. The number of samples used in this study was 42 respondents with moderated regression analysis as an analytical technique. Based on the analysis conducted, the results of the study indicate that work discipline and individual abilities have a positive and significant influence on employee performance. In addition, the results also showed that organizational supervision is only able to moderate the relationship between individual abilities and employee performance, but not on the relationship between work discipline and employee performance. The findings in this study provide guidelines that can be considered by policy makers in an effort to improve employee performance by considering key factors such as work discipline, individual abilities, and organizational supervision.
Could IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and sP-selectin serum levels be considered as objective and quantifiable markers of rheumatoid arthritis severity and activity?

Objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multisystem, chronic, T-cell-mediated disease in which immunological abnormalities result in symmetrical small joint inflammation, articular destruction due to synovitis, and extra-articular organ involvement. An important role in the pathogenesis of RA is attributed to a combination of genetic factors and environmental triggers. Literature data on the utility of circulating IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and sP-selectin concentration evaluation depending on the activity and advancement of RA seems to be inconclusive. The aim was a case-control study evaluating IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and sP-selectin concentrations in 77 RA patients dependent on the Steinbrocker classification as well as the disease activity score with examination of 28 joints (DAS28), and compared to 30 control subjects. Material and methods Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and sP-selectin concentrations were measured using ELISA kits. Results The concentrations of all molecules tested, except for IL-1β, were significantly different from the control group. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that their levels significantly influenced the likelihood of RA diagnosis. Differences between IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and sP-selectin concentrations dependent on the disease activity assessed on the basis of the DAS28 score, as well as the severity of the disease assessed based on the Steinbrocker classification, were not observed. IL-6 positively correlated with the DAS28 score. Conclusions Among the tested molecules, only IL-6 positively correlated with the DAS28 score. Thus, we postulate that next to C-reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, also IL-6 could be clinically relevant and possibly reflects RA activity. Because recently the IL-6 concentration can be determined in applied in vitro diagnostic tests, it presents us with the possibility to test this protein as a marker of RA activity in routine laboratory practice.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Martin’s Spirosilane-Derived Chloromethylsilicate

Pentacoordinate silicon derivatives with a chloromethyl ligand are versatile compounds that are usually obtained from the corresponding tetravalent trialkoxy- or trihalogeno(chloromethyl)silane. We describe herein the synthesis of a chloromethylsilicate bearing two Martin’s ligands readily obtained by addition of in situ generated chloromethyllithium to a spirosilane. The reactivity of this new species was evaluated and it has been established that the chloride is displaced by strong nucleophiles such as alkyllithiums and (hetero)aryllithiums. In Lewis acidic conditions, the pentacoordinate silicon species rearranges through a formal insertion of a methylene into one Si–C bond, to form a new tetravalent spirosilane with a six-membered ring. The same kind of rearrangement can be triggered also by addition of a Lewis base. The mechanism of the rearrangement in both conditions has been studied by means of DFT calculations.
Conditional effect of government debt on household debt

ABSTRACT How does government debt affect household debt? Capitalizing on a model of life-cycle economy populated by households with no bequest motive, this article shows that effect of government debt on aggregate household debt is conditional. If residence-service benefit of house is greater than equity-accrual benefit of house investment, government debt negatively affects household debt. If not, government debt positively affects household debt. This theoretical finding is tested with panel data of 53 countries over 1991–2019. Using system Generalized Method of Moments finds supportive evidence for the conditional effect, which remains robust after adopting external instrumental variable and alternative approach to expectation formation.
Adverse Effects of Infant Formula Made with Corn-Syrup Solids on the Development of Eating Behaviors in Hispanic Children

Few studies have investigated the influence of infant formulas made with added corn-syrup solids on the development of child eating behaviors. We examined associations of breastmilk (BM), traditional formula (TF), and formula containing corn-syrup solids (CSSF) with changes in eating behaviors over a period of 2 years. Feeding type was assessed at 6 months in 115 mother–infant pairs. Eating behaviors were assessed at 12, 18 and 24 months. Repeated Measures ANCOVA was used to determine changes in eating behaviors over time as a function of feeding type. Food fussiness and enjoyment of food differed between the feeding groups (p < 0.05) and changed over time for CSSF and TF (p < 0.01). Food fussiness increased from 12 to 18 and 12 to 24 months for CSSF and from 12 to 24 months for TF (p < 0.01), while it remained stable for BM. Enjoyment of food decreased from 12 to 24 months for CSSF (p < 0.01), while it remained stable for TF and BM. There was an interaction between feeding type and time for food fussiness and enjoyment of food (p < 0.01). Our findings suggest that Hispanic infants consuming CSSF may develop greater food fussiness and reduced enjoyment of food in the first 2 years of life compared to BM-fed infants.
Avian Louse Flies and Their Trypanosomes: New Vectors, New Lineages and Host–Parasite Associations

Louse flies (Hippoboscidae) are permanent ectoparasites of birds and mammals. They have a cosmopolitan distribution with more than 200 described species. The aim of this study was to reveal host–vector–parasite associations between louse flies, birds, and trypanosomes. A total of 567 louse fly specimens belonging to 7 species were collected from birds at several localities in Czechia, including the rare species Ornithophila metallica and Ornithoica turdi. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of Ornithomya avicularia and Ornithomya fringillina on bird hosts according to their migratory status, O. fringillina being found more frequently on long-distance migrants. Trypanosomes were found in four species, namely, Ornithomya avicularia, O. fringillina, O. biloba, and Ornithoica turdi; the later three species are identified in this paper as natural trypanosome vectors for the first time. The prevalence of trypanosomes ranged between 5 and 19%, the highest being in O. biloba and the lowest being in O. fringillina. Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA gene revealed that a vast majority of trypanosomes from hippoboscids belong to the avian T. corvi/culicavium group B. Four new lineages were revealed in group B, with louse flies being probable vectors for some of these trypanosome lineages. We also confirmed the transcontinental distribution of several trypanosome lineages. Our results show that hippoboscids of several genera are probable vectors of avian trypanosomes.
Time use in occupational therapy fieldwork education: a pilot Delphi study to identify time use items

ABSTRACT A major concern of occupational therapy (OT) fieldwork educators (FEs) is that supervising students takes increased time and could lead to reduced productivity. A standardized tool to measure time-use while supervising OT students has not been developed. The purpose of this study was to gain consensus on items to include in a time-use tool. Utilizing a modified Delphi, ten experienced OT FEs completed a two-round online survey. Round 1 presented time-use items, whereas Round 2 obtained consensus. Twenty-eight (28) items were presented and agreed upon by FEs. Results will aid development of a standardized tool for assessing productivity.
Bioinspired Propulsion Mechanisms Based on Manta Ray Locomotion

al Mobuliform swimmers are inspiring novel approaches to the design of underwater vehicles. These swimmers, exemplified bymanta rays, present amodel for new classes of efficient, highly maneuverable, autonomous undersea vehicles. To improve our understanding of the unsteady propulsion mechanisms used by these swimmers, we report detailed studies of the performance of robotic swimmers that mimic aspects of the animal propulsive mechanisms. We highlight the importance of the undulatory aspect of producing efficientmanta ray propulsion and show that there is a strong interaction between the propulsive performance and the flexibility of the actuating surfaces.
Wind Tunnel Experiments with Active Flow Control for an Outer Wing Model

This contribution discusses the implementation of fluidic slit-actuators as well as fluidic vortex generators on a three dimensional model of the outer wing of a long-range transport aircraft at take-off, by low speed wind tunnel experiments in the large test facility of DNW-NWB. The leading-edge high-lift unprotected wing extension, including a wingtip device, designed for high performance at cruise flight, is subject to local flow separation at high angles of attack and low speed flight conditions. Active flow control (AFC) applied at the outer wing can prevent the formation of large turbulent flow separation and increase the aircraft lift to drag ratio (L/D), decrease the drag (D), and increase the angle of attack (AoA) for maximum lift (CLmax). The recently performed experiments show the improvement in the aerodynamic coefficients by the local AFC applications. The drag coefficient decreases of up to 40% at fixed large AoA, while the maximum AoA is proved to increase in the order of 2°. The results suggest a successful implementation on a transport aircraft and with an acceptable blowing momentum coefficient.
Ulam Stability and Non-Stability of Additive Functional Equation in IFN-Spaces and 2-Banach Spaces by Different Methods

This paper introduces a new dimension of an additive functional equation and obtains its general solution. The main goal of this study is to examine the Ulam stability of this equation in IFN-spaces (intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces) with the help of direct and fixed point approaches and 2-Banach spaces. Also, we use an appropriate counterexample to demonstrate that the stability of this equation fails in a particular case.
Contrastive Learning for Programming Languages

Machine Learning can assist programmers in various ways, such as by retrieving fitting code snippets from a database to serve as inspiration. Previous approaches to this problem relied on bimodal encoders. We propose to use unimodal encoders, which specialize on just one modality and show that this, in combination with other performance enhancing methods, outperforms prior works to achieve State-of-the-Art performance in the CodeSearchNet benchmark. To that end, we make use of a framework called xMoCo and enhance it using a novel approach of incorporating a Barlow loss as a regularization term, which boosts performance across the board.
The assumption of constant density and a wind perpendicular to the canyon axis is another standard choice that is of great relevance to urban air quality. Ventilation improves for unstable conditions and is largely unchanged for stable stratification

I miss one sentence which motivate why this study is important from an atmospheric chemistry and physics perspective. Response: A new sentence summarising the points made in response to the general comments has been added to end of the Abstract: It is argued that the qualitative nature of the aerosol dynamics within urban canopies is determined, for a specific emission spectrum, by the ratio of the aerosol timescales to the relevant dynamical timescale (e.g. the mean age of air). L24-26, “Deposition is usually the only aerosol process included in urban CFD models as it is the most important for traffic emissions within street canyons (Kumar et al., 2011). ” The reference to this statement is a bit old, is this statement still true? Also consider to replace “as it is the most important” with as it is often assumed to be the most important loss process of ultrafine particles. If you do not consider other process you cannot judge their importance. Hear you also only refer to loss processes and not formation processes such as atmospheric new particle formation which can be a major source of ultrafine particles also in urban environments. Response: The reference is quite old, but the statement is still true. Karl et al 2016 also find that the dry deposition is the most important aerosol process in urban environments (with a relative difference in particle number of ~15%). Furthermore, more recent numerical studies, e.g. Kim et al 2019, only include deposition. We have modified the text and added a reference (l. 27). [. ] as it is often taken to be the most important loss process of ultrafine particles emitted by [. ] Line 35-36, “There are strong reasons for expecting the dispersion of traffic-generated and cooking-generated aerosols to differ qualitatively. ” Consider to reformulate this sentence. Response: The text has been rephrased as follows (l. 39): “The dispersion of cookingand traffic-generated aerosols differ in two key respects. ” L37, “diameter of O(10 nm)” What do you mean with O?
Buya and religious issues in the 2019 presidential election in West Sumatra

This article attempts to explain the influence of buya and religious issues on Jokowi’s vote decline in the 2019 Presidential Election (Pilpres) in West Sumatra. In the 2014 Presidential Election, Jokowi, who was paired with Jusuf Kalla, received 23.1 percent of the vote. However, in the 2019 Presidential Election, the vote share for Jokowi, who was paired with Ma’ruf Amin, fell to 14.1 percent. Ahead of the 2019 Presidential Election, there was a conflict between the buya in West Sumatra and Jokowi’s supporters regarding religious issues. This study used qualitative methods by relying on documentation studies related to the influence of the buya and religious issues ahead of the 2019 Presidential Election in West Sumatra. The study’s findings indicate that the buya and the majority of the people in West Sumatra practice modern Islam, while the vice-presidential candidate KH. Ma’ruf Amin practices traditional Islam. Religious issues in the form of the Islam Nusantara concept and the Sharia Regional Regulation (Perda) sharpen the difference between the buya and voters in West Sumatra with the JokowiMa’ruf pair. It affected the defeat of Jokowi-Ma’ruf in West Sumatra in the 2019 Presidential Election.
May the 4C's be with you: an overview of complexity-inspired frameworks for analysing resting-state neuroimaging data

Competing and complementary models of resting-state brain dynamics contribute to our phenomenological and mechanistic understanding of whole-brain coordination and communication, and provide potential evidence for differential brain functioning associated with normal and pathological behaviour. These neuroscientific theories stem from the perspectives of physics, engineering, mathematics and psychology and create a complicated landscape of domain-specific terminology and meaning, which, when used outside of that domain, may lead to incorrect assumptions and conclusions within the neuroscience community. Here, we review and clarify the key concepts of connectivity, computation, criticality and coherence—the 4C's—and outline a potential role for metastability as a common denominator across these propositions. We analyse and synthesize whole-brain neuroimaging research, examined through functional magnetic imaging, to demonstrate that complexity science offers a principled and integrated approach to describe, and potentially understand, macroscale spontaneous brain functioning.
AP-PSPJ210071 1..20

Risk-taking is sometimes admired and sometimes disparaged. In this research, we examine previously unexplored questions concerning how membership in social groups is related to expectations and perceptions of risk-taking. We propose that prototypes of risk-takers incorporate racial associations. We conducted five studies (NTotal = 1,603, predominantly White residents of the United States) examining whether prototypes of risk-takers—primarily reckless and responsible ones—activate racial stereotypes and discrimination. We first focused on whether participants perceive Black (vs. White) men as more likely to engage in risk-taking, broadly construed (Study 1). Next, we tested whether the trait attributions (Studies 2 and 3) and mental images constructed with the reverse correlation task (Study 3) of reckless risk-takers are more stereotypically Black (and less White) than responsible risk-takers. In Study 4, we employed an investment game to investigate participants’ willingness to trust targets we depicted using the racialized mental images of reckless and responsible risk-takers derived from Study 3. A final study examined whether thinking about reckless risk-takers evokes Black stereotypes broadly, including even positive stereotype content. Findings confirmed that reckless risk-takers were imagined as more phenotypically Black and as having more stereotypically Black traits (both positive and negative), compared with responsible risk-takers. Theoretical and practical implications for this novel stereotype content in the domain of risk are discussed.
Mechanical Ventilation induced DNA Damage and P21 in an Acute Aging Model of Lung Injury

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a form of acute lung injury which leads to a paucity of oxygen. To remedy ARDS, patients are put on mechanical ventilators; however, the stretch resulting from the mechanical ventilator can lead to ventilator-induced lung injury or VILI. VILI is exacerbated by age. The combined effects of ARDS and mechanical ventilation can result in a hostile environment which may lead to senescence (stable cell cycle arrest). The role of senescence in VILI is poorly understood. Senescence is characterized by increased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors P16 and P21; however, P21 has been shown to occur in early senescence. We hypothesized that mechanical ventilation would lead to DNA damage and senescence-like phenotype. Both in vivo and in vitro models of VILI were used to investigate senescence and its mechanism in VILI. Mechanical ventilation increased senescence-associated markers such as DNA damage marker characterized by ɣH2AX, P21, senescence-associated secretory phenotype IL6, and decreased proliferation. Moreover, mechanical ventilation led to increased apoptosis. Lung sections were stained for KRT8 proteins, markers of transiently differentiated alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells which were reported to be more prone to DNA damage. Age and mechanical ventilation increased KRT8 positive cells. Finally, we probed a potential mediator of the stretch induced senescence in vitro by inhibiting P38-MAPK, which can be activated by DNA damage response, leading to increased P21. Inhibiting P38 decreased in P21 but did not decrease ɣH2AXThese findings suggest that mechanical ventilation may lead to a senescence-like phenotype involving the P38-MAPK pathway.
Online Tutoring by College Volunteers: Experimental Evidence from a Pilot Program Online

A substantial body of experimental evidence now demonstrates the large impacts that in-person tutoring programs can have on K-12 student achievement (Nickow, Oreopoulos and Quan, 2020). This evidence has motivated interest in scaling tutoring across public schools to address COVID-19 learning disruptions and expand equitable access to individualized instruction (Kraft and Falken, 2021). However, these efforts have faced two primary constraints: high program costs and limited local supply of tutors. Online tutoring provided by volunteers offers a low-cost model with the potential to reach more students in need. Tapping volunteers as tutors substantially reduces program costs given that tutor compensation often comprises a large portion of program budgets. Delivering tutoring online expands the supply of potential tutors, reduces time costs related to commuting, and allows for more flexible work schedules. It also offers the opportunity to better match students with tutors based on interests, expertise, and background. In this paper, we report results from a randomized field trial of a pilot program to deliver online tutoring to middle school students in the spring of 2021. College students from highly selective universities served as volunteer tutors working 1-on-1