Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sedimentary provenance of the Taza-Guercif Basin, South Rifean Corridor, Morocco: Implications for basin emergence

The Taza-Guercif Basin is on the southern margin of the former Rifean Corridor, one of the major Miocene marine connections between the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean prior to the onset of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. As the first basin in the corridor to emerge during corridor closure, the basin is a key location for understanding this major marine event. To constrain the mechanisms for corridor closure, we contribute 499 zircon U-Pb crystallization ages and 98 zircon fission-track (ZFT) cooling ages from the stratigraphy of the Taza-Guercif Basin. The U-Pb age signature of the Taza-Guercif Basin is dominated by Pan-African (700–560 Ma) and West African craton (2200–1800 Ma) ages, and contains a significant abundance of Mesoproterozoic ages recently characterized in Mesozoic sediments from the Rif and Middle Atlas mountains. The ZFT ages record a significant Triassic-centered cooling population (275–150 Ma), well-defined Variscan (ca. 330 Ma) and post Pan-African (498 Ma) cooling peaks, and a scattering of Precambrian cooling ages. The cooling ages suggest a source in the Middle Atlas; this is consistent with the U-Pb crystallization ages. Furthermore, there is no discernable change in either the U-Pb or ZFT populations during basin emergence. Together, these observations suggest that the Middle Atlas mountains were a consistent source of sediment to the Taza-Guercif Basin and played a significant role in the closure of the Taza-Guercif Basin and possibly the Rifean Corridor.
Analysis of structural trends of sub-sea-floor strata in the Isfjorden area of the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt based on multichannel seismic data

A dense grid of 2D multichannel seismic data was used for the interpretation of sub-sea-floor structures in the area of Isfjorden in western Spitsbergen. West Spitsbergen underwent Eocene transpressional deformation that resulted in formation of the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt. Three horizons were defined for the seismic interpretation as well-expressed and continuous reflections: (1) the top of the metamorphic basement; (2) the base of the upper Carboniferous Nordenskiöldbreen Formation; (3) the base of the Lower Cretaceous Helvetiafjellet Formation. Time–structure maps and analysis of the sub-bottom structural trends were generated for each horizon. The top of the metamorphic basement displays north–south-trending graben structures, apparently representing continuation of the Devonian grabens from northern Spitsbergen. The tectonostratigraphic unit bounded by the base of the upper Carboniferous Nordenskiöldbreen Formation and base of the Helvetiafjellet Formation encloses the fold-and-thrust belt and is affiliated with WSW–ENE shortening involving three décollement levels. Within this unit the strata between the middle (Triassic shales) and upper (Upper Jurassic shales) décollements have undergone the most intense strain, whereas sediments situated between the basal (lower Permian evaporites) and middle décollements underwent a relatively mild deformation. The strata above the base of the Helvetiafjellet Formation are characterized by minor Tertiary deformation only.
Is There a Hold – up Problem ?

Most literature on the hold–up problem assumes that ex post bargaining outcomes are insensitive to prior investment costs. However, many bargaining procedures admit multiple equilibria and hence allow investment costs to affect bargaining outcomes. On the other hand, multiplicity of equilibria leaves scope for coordination failure. We report on three experiments in which unilateral investment is followed by bilateral bargaining according to Nash’s demand game. The experiments confirm that bargaining outcomes depend on sunk costs. There is also evidence of inefficient bargaining outcomes due to coordination failure. Communication facilitates coordination, but not perfectly. Successful coordination occurs predominantly on “fair” outcomes. Sellers (investors) do at least as well under buyer authority as under seller authority. JEL classification: L14, C78.
PROFITABILITY OF TURKEY PRODUCTUION IN AHOADA EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

This study was conducted to investigate the profitability of turkey production in Ahoada East Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred turkey farmers were selected from ten autonomous communities that make up Ahoada East Local Government Area. This particular area was chosen for the study because about 70% of the entire population is involved in turkey and other poultry productions. Structured questionnaires were employed to elicit information from the respondents. Statistical analysis was accomplished by means of frequency, distribution, percentages, Likert rating scale and budget analysis. The study revealed the major sources of fund for turkey production among the keepers as personal savings, financial assistance from family members and loans from micro-finance banks with low interest rate of about 10%. It was also revealed that the keepers embarked on the project because of its profitability ( Xs =4.2), minimal initial capital requirement ( Xs=3.6) and because it can be practiced on part time basis ( Xs=3.5) . Analysis also indicated that an average turkey keeper with farm size of 300 turkeys makes a profit of about three hundred thousand naira (N 350,000.00) a year. However, turkey production has some constraints like high cost and unavailability of poults ( Xs =4.10). High cost of quality feed ( Xs =3.21), disease mortality ( Xs = 3.10). The turkey productions have offered reasonable income and employment opportunities to the keepers in the study area.
Properties of Visual Field Maps in Health and Disease

The visual world that surrounds us is represented in and processed by multiple topographically organised maps in the human brain. The organising principle underlying these retinotopic maps is also apparent across other sensory modalities and appears highly conserved across species. Moreover, the template for these visual maps is laid down during development, without the need for visual experience. This thesis binds and summarises seven publications describing work to characterise the functional properties of visual maps in the human brain. Initially, we describe TMS and fMRI measurements designed to probe the functional specificity of two spatially distinct but spatially adjacent maps, LO-1 and LO-2. Concurrently I developed software (visualisation tools) for precise dissection of these areas and to more broadly facilitate the visualisation of neuroimaging data. Our experiment revealed a double dissociation in the functional specificity of these areas, with preferential processing of orientation and shape information by LO-1 and LO-2, respectively. We then used fMRI to examine the effect of spatial attention on the responses measured from visual field maps. We showed that attention modulated visual responses by both enhancing attended locations and suppressing unattended locations; these effects were evident in the maps of early visual cortex and subcortical structures including the lateral geniculate and pulvinar nuclei. Finally, we examined the properties of visual field maps in patients with retinal lesions. Although maps can be abnormally organised with certain congenital visual deficits, we asked whether normally developed maps were able to reorganise when input to them is lost later in life, specifically due to central retinal lesions. Our measurements showed no evidence of reorganisation in the maps of patients with macular degeneration: the extent of activity measured in these maps was both highly predictable based on individual retinal lesions and could be reliably simulated in normally sighted individuals.
Nutrient excess and the demise of coral reefs and carbonate platforms

Growth rates of corals on Holocene reefs indicate that carbonate platforms should easily keep pace with long-term subsidence and sea-level changes, yet drowned reefs and platforms are common in the geologic record. Recognition of the negative influence of nutrients on reef communities provides a clue to that paradox. The primary carbonate-sediment producers of the coral reef community are highly adapted to nutrient-deficient environments. Input of nitrates and phosphates stimulates growth of plankton, which reduces water transparency, limiting depth ranges of zooxanthellate corals and calcareous algae and thereby reducing carbonate production. Higher nutrient concentrations and plankton densities also stimulate growth of fleshy algae and ahermatypic suspension-feeding animals in the benthos. Besides displacing hermatypic algae and corals, many of these fastgrowing competitors are bioeroders that actively destroy thze reefal structure. Because rates of carbonate production and bioerosion are similar, even modest increases in nutrient availability can shift a reef community from net production to net erosion. In the geologic record, drowned reefs and carbonate platforms typically exhibit evidence of nondeposition, bioerosion, and reduced redox potential, which indicate excess nutrient availability during drowning. Drowned reefs overlain by shales are possible victims of nutrients in terrestrial runoff that suppressed reef growth before arrival of siliciclastic sediments. Other drowned platforms may have succumbed during rapid pulses of sea-level rise that flooded previously subaerial platforms. Nutrients in the soils of the flooding platform were mixed into surface waters, suppressing reef growth. The reef drowned if submergence proceeded beyond the critical depth before the excess nutrients were exported from the system. Other mechanisms for reef drowning by excess nutrients include changes in local or regional upwelling patterns or mid-ocean overturn.
SOURCE PROCESS AND GROUND MOTIONS OF THE 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE *

1 Professor, Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan (koketsu@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp) 2 Graduate Student, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan Postdoctoral Fellow, Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan Assistant Professor, Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan Professor, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, China
Varieties and Nitrogen Rates on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Highland Maize in Toke Kutaye, Western Ethiopia

Soil fertility depletion is a widespread degradation problem in achieving global food security, but different attempts are available for maize production systems to alleviate the problems. Nitrogen use efficiency is required to meet increasing demands to produce sufficient food for the increasing population with sustainable production systems. Mean grain yield of maize positively affected by increased application of nitrogen fertilizer. Hybrid maize varieties were produced higher grain yield as compared open pollinated variety of maize. Higher agronomic efficiency of 35 to 46 as compared to Horra (OPV); and 5-16 as compared to Wenchi (hybrid) were harvested from Jibat Original Research Article
Understanding the Relation between the Statistical and Economic Significance of Predictability

We examine the economic gains produced by equity (and bond) conditional strategies when the out-of-sample predictive power, R2, is close to zero. To address this issue, we design a model which expresses the performance of the conditional strategy as a function of any given level of R2. The relation between R2 and performance is studied in different settings, including one and multiple assets, as well as short-selling constraints. In all cases, a level of R2 as small as 0.5% is sufficient to greatly outperform the unconditional (passive) strategy. For a given R2, the profits are much higher if the source of predictability comes from asset-selectivity rather than factor-timing. In addition, we find that under asset-selectivity, a single-asset strategy requires a very high R2 in order to perform as well as a multi-asset strategy.
Transforming Growth Factor-fl: Recent Progress and New Challenges

I T is just 10 years since the peptide, transforming growth factor-/31 (TGF-~I) 1, was isolated from human platelets, human placenta, and bovine kidney and characterized as a discrete molecular entity, namely a 25-kD homodimer with a unique NH2-terminal sequence. Two years later this molecule was cloned, and subsequently four other closely related isoforms have been found in vertebrates; three isoforms (TGF-~s 1, 2, and 3) are known in man. TGF-~ can now be considered the prototype of a multifunctional cytokine, especially after the discovery that it could act both as an inhibitor and stimulator of cell replication, as well as control the synthesis of many of the components of the extracellular matrix (for reviews of the above see Roberts and Sporn, 1990; Massagu6, 1990; Moses et al., 1990; Sporn and Roberts, 1990). There has been immense progress in TGF-/~ research in the past two years. This mini-review will highlight some of these accomplishraents and indicate a few challenges for the future. We will confine this brief review to the TGF-/3s themselves and will not consider the extended TGF-B family, which includes the inhibins, activins, bone morphogenetic proteins, and related morphogenetic peptides, all of which are of increasing importance in many areas of cell biology, such as reproduction and development.
Charles Darwin and the Problem of Creation

Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd charles darwin and the problem of creation to read.
Foxg1 Suppresses Early Cortical Cell Fate

During mammalian cerebral corticogenesis, progenitor cells become progressively restricted in the types of neurons they can produce. The molecular mechanism that determines earlier versus later born neuron fate is unknown. We demonstrate here that the generation of the earliest born neurons, the Cajal-Retzius cells, is suppressed by the telencephalic transcription factor Foxg1. In Foxg1 null mutants, we observed an excess of Cajal-Retzius neuron production in the cortex. By conditionally inactivating Foxg1 in cortical progenitors that normally produce deep-layer cortical neurons, we demonstrate that Foxg1 is constitutively required to suppress Cajal-Retzius cell fate. Hence, the competence to generate the earliest born neurons during later cortical development is actively suppressed but not lost.
A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary

1. Psychometrics in Neuropsychological Assessment 2. Norms Selection in Neuropsychological Assessment 3. History Taking 4. Test Selection, Test Administration, and Preparation of the Patient 5. Report Writing and Feedback Sessions 6. General Cognitive Functioning, Neuropsychological Batteries, and Assessment of Premorbid Intelligence 7. Achievement Tests 8. Executive Functions 9. Attention 10. Memory 11. Language Tests 12. Tests of Visual Perception 13. Tests of Somatosensory Function, Olfactory Funcation, and Body Orientation 14. Tests of Motor Function 15. Assessment of Mood, Personality and Adaptive Functions 16. Assessment of Response Bias and Suboptimal Performance
The İncidence of Neospora Caninum in Dairy Cows with Abortion and İnfertility Problems in Aksaray Providence

The contribution of animal husbandry to the national economy cannot be ignored. The causes of infertility are various and complex. Economic losses are increasing in dairy cattle breeding due to infectious and non-infectious causes. The percentage of abortion due to infectious agents is not fully known, but infectious agents lie in about 90% of the cases whose etiology can be determined. Neospora caninum is considered to be one of the most important abortion factors of cattle. Although, this protozoa is always ignored. It causes abortion in cows. In this study, it was aimed to detect N. caninum from the blood serum obtained from 137 dairy cattle brought to Aksaray University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine between 2017-2019 and suffering from abortion and infertility problems. For serological diagnosis, ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) test was performed. As a result, N. caninum agent was detected in 37.22 % (51/137) of the samples that belong to cattle with abortion and infertility problems. It was concluded that economic loss due to infertility in dairy cattle and protozoa, which are one of the infection factors, should be given importance.
Two Fossil Dicotyledonous Woods from the Kungkuan Tuff (Early Miocene), Northern Taiwan

Two species of dicotyledonous fossil woods from the Kungkuan Tuff (Early Miocene) of Kweishan, Taoyuan County, northern Taiwan, were described. They show a close resemblance with the woods of Bischofia (Euphorbiaceae) and Camellia (Theaceae) and are, threrfore, named Bischofia javanoxyla and Camellia kueishanensis sp. nov., respectively. Comparison between the fossils and the modern species indicates that the fossil woods possibly grew in a warm, humid habitat.
How Important is Human Capital ? A Quantitative Theory Assessment of World Income Inequality ∗

We develop a quantitative theory of human capital investments in order to evaluate the magnitude of cross-country differences in total factor productivity (TFP) that explains the variation in per-capita incomes across countries. We build a heterogeneousagent economy with cross-sectional variation in ability, schooling, and expenditures on schooling quality. By embedding our analysis in a growth model with tradable and non-tradable sectors, we model sectorial productivity differences across countries, as documented in Hsieh and Klenow (2007). The parameters governing human capital production and random ability and taste processes are restricted by a set of crosssectional data moments such as variances and intergenerational correlations of earnings and schooling, as well as slope coefficient and R2 in a Mincer regression. Our main finding is that human capital accumulation strongly amplifies TFP differences across countries: To explain a 20-fold difference in the output per worker the model requires a 5-fold difference in the TFP of the tradable sector, versus an 18-fold difference if human capital is fixed across countries. Moreover, we find that sectorial productivity differences play a prominent role in quantitative implications of the theory. ∗The authors would like to thank seminar and workshop participants at Queens University, Arizona State University, ASU Development Workshop, HEC Montreal, University of Montreal, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, 2006 NBER Summer Institute Growth Workshop, McGill University, University of TexasAustin, University of Southern California, Bank of Canada Productivity Workshop, Concordia University, Carleton University, University of Tokyo, Seoul National University, Washington University in St. Louis, Yale University, University of Pennsylvania, 2007 SAET Conference. Erosa acknowledges financial support from the European Commission through a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant. The paper has previously circulated under the title “On the Aggregate and Distributional Implications of Productivity Differences Across Countries. ” Contact Information: Department of Economics, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Bl. W, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada. E-mail: andres.erosa@imdea.org; tkoreshk@alcor.concordia. ca; and diego.restuccia@utoronto.ca. w or ki ng
Imprinting regulates mammalian snoRNA-encoding chromatin decondensation and neuronal nucleolar size

Imprinting, non-coding RNA and chromatin organization are modes of epigenetic regulation that modulate gene expression and are necessary for mammalian neurodevelopment. The only two known mammalian clusters of genes encoding small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), SNRPN through UBE3A(15q11–q13/7qC) and GTL2(14q32.2/12qF1), are neuronally expressed, localized to imprinted loci and involved in at least five neurodevelopmental disorders. Deficiency of the paternal 15q11–q13 snoRNA HBII-85 locus is necessary to cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). Here we show epigenetically regulated chromatin decondensation at snoRNA clusters in human and mouse brain. An 8-fold allele-specific decondensation of snoRNA chromatin was developmentally regulated specifically in maturing neurons, correlating with HBII-85 nucleolar accumulation and increased nucleolar size. Reciprocal mouse models revealed a genetic and epigenetic requirement of the 35 kb imprinting center (IC) at the Snrpn–Ube3a locus for transcriptionally regulated chromatin decondensation. PWS human brain and IC deletion mouse Purkinje neurons showed significantly decreased nucleolar size, demonstrating the essential role of the 15q11–q13 HBII-85 locus in neuronal nucleolar maturation. These results are relevant to understanding the molecular pathogenesis of multiple human neurodevelopmental disorders, including PWS and some causes of autism.
Assessment of Bioavailable Trace Metal Levels in Bed Sediment of River Water System

The study was carried out to assess contamination and seasonal variations in bioavailable forms of trace metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn) concentrations in bed sediment. Sediment samples were collected from five sampling points during dry and rainy seasons along Mada River, Nasarawa state, Nigeria. The samples were extracted using HCl/HNO3 (3:1v/v) and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Trace metal levels in the extracts were quantified using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Enrichment factors (EF) and Geochemical index (IGeo) were also determined. Acid leachable metal concentrations in bed sediment were higher than the EDTA extractable trace metal levels during the rainy season. Sediments were enriched with Fe and Mn. Igeo index revealed class 0 – uncontaminated for the sediments during both seasons. Acid leachable Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations correlated positively and strongly for both periods of analysis; indicating same source and mechanism. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences (P<.05) between acid leachable and EDTA trace metal concentrations. Metal concentrations, though higher during the rainy season, were below the Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines (CBSQG), the threshold and probable effect concentrations. Original Research Article British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 4(19): 2808-2820, 2014 2809 The moderately to strongly contaminated nature of surface sediment could be as a result of anthropogenic source of metals entering the coastal zone through river inputs. Further study on the impact of trace metal contents in bed sediment on the quality of the overlying water column of the river is recommended.