Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plant Science Today

Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew. is a medicinal plant widely been used by the local tribal communities of Assam as an alternative source of medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In the present study, endophytic fungi associated with Z. oxyphyllum were undertaken with an aim to investigate the isolates for their antimicrobial potential. The endophytic fungi were recovered using four different media, namely, Malt Extract Agar (MEA) media, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media, Water Agar (WA) media and media amended with the Plant Extract (PEA) from samples collected from three sites. Altogether, 18 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from 150 surface sterilized and healthy leaf fragments. Colletotrichum was found to be dominant endophytic genus with 7 different species. Other isolated endophytic fungal genera were Fusarium, Curvularia, Aspergillus, Corynespora and isolates belonging non-sporulating fungi categorised as Mycelia Sterilia. The endophytic fungi were determined for antimicrobial activity against selected clinically significant human pathogenic test organisms. Ethyl acetate crude extracts of all endophytic fungi exhibited antimicrobial activity by inhibiting a minimum of one of the four test pathogens. Amongst the isolates, crude extracts obtained from Fusarium sp. and five Colletotrichum spp. showed wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms. The study indicated that Z. oxyphyllum harbours a wide range of endophytes capable of producing secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties. Further detailed investigation of their bioactive metabolites might lead to discovery of compounds with potential therapeutic applications as a new source of medicine.
MULTI-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE GLACIER RETREAT USING LANDSAT SATELLITE IMAGES IN THE NEVADO OF THE AMPAY NATIONAL SANCTUARY- PERU

Glaciers are humanity's most extraordinary water reservoirs, covering approximately 10% of the total Earth surface. The investigation of the retreat of the glacier surface in the Ampay National Sanctuary is carried out using the historical series of Landsat images and applying the normalized snow differential index between the years 1991 to 2017. The meteorological data from the Tamburco and Abancay stations have been considered to determine the deglaciation and quantify the retreat of the Ampay glacier. The supervised classification spatial visualization method for the Landsat 2 Multispectral Scanner image and the normalized snow differential index have been used to determine the glacier cover area with Landsat 5, Landsat 7, and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor images. The results show a significant decrease in the surface of the Ampay glacier due to the increase in temperature. The surface of the Ampay glacier in 1991 was 2.13 km 2 and in 2017 – 1.09 km 2 , showing a loss of 1.04 km 2 (48.92%) as a consequence of significant climate variability (temperature and precipitation). In 2015, an apparent accumulation of snow was recorded on the Ampay glacier, reaching 2.595 km 2 , but in the following years, the glacier surface has been decreasing until it reached 1.086 km 2 in 2017. It is concluded that the glacial retreat of the Ampay National Sanctuary in the last 25 years with a tendency to continuous deglaciation puts the water resource at risk.
Optimization of Callus Induction with Enhancing Production of Phenolic Compounds Production and Antioxidants Activity in Callus Cultures of Nepeta binaloudensis Jamzad (Lamiaceae)

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) reported that more than 80% of people in the world use herbal traditional medicines nowadays. Many endemic medicinal plants, especially Nepeta species, are facing to extinction as a result of high harvesting, limited distribution, and habitat destruction.Tissue culture is a successful method for plant secondary metabolites production. Nepeta binaloudensis is a medicinal plant belonging to family Lamiaceae. Objective: Our study was focused on devising an optimum procedure for callus induction and phenolic compounds production in N. binaloudensis. First, we are focused on finding suitable explants and media for callus induction. Then, subsequent experiments were conducted to find an optimal concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and reduced- glutathione for maximum biomass production, and phenolic compounds production in calli. Material and Method: In this study, the usage of whole plant grown in Hoagland nutrient solution, were used as a source of explants. Also, different media including, ½ MS, MS, and B5 and different combination of PGRs (NAA and BAP) were used for optimization of calli induction. Results: Based on the results of the first experiment, leaf-originated explants, and macro half strength MS (½ MS) medium were used for the next experiments. The highest FW (Fresh Weight) and DW (Dry Weight) of calli were observed in ½ MS medium, supplemented with 2 μM/L reduced-glutathione, 2 mg.L-1 BAP, and 2 mg.L-1 NAA. The maximum amount of total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin contents and free-radical scavenger were observed in calli which were grown in ½ MS medium supplemented with 2 μM/L reduced-glutathione, 2 mg.L-1 BAP, and 2 mg.L-1 NAA. Conclusion: Our study finds the optimum condition for calli induction and phenolic compounds production in N. binaloudensis.
Predicting the Extranodular Spread of Lymph Node Metastases in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

(OSCC), patients with clinically diagnosed cervical lymph node (LN) metastases are subjected to radical neck dissection or modified radical neck dissection. The existence of extranodular spread (ENS) influences the method selection [1]. In previous studies, the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography (CT) for predicting ENS were reported to be about 81% and 73% [2], and those of MRI about 74% and 72% [3]. Another study reported that 60-min 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) was useful for predicting ENS, with sensitivity and specificity of 85% and Acta Med. Okayama, 2020 Vol. 74, No. 2, pp. 123-128
PSW DECISION-MAKING 3 Assessing the Impact of Sequential Data Presentation on Specific Learning Disabilities Identification Decisions Using PSW Methods

Patterns of strengths and weaknesses (PSW) represent relatively novel methods for identifying specific learning disabilities (SLD) with proponents asserting that the incorporation of multiple sources of assessment data and professional judgment play a key role in their utility. In this study, we examined if the sequential presentation of assessment data impacted school psychologists’ ratings as to whether or not hypothetical students depicted in special education evaluation vignettes should be identified with SLD. Results showed that when participants viewed vignettes that were indicative of SLD (i.e., SLD Positive), SLD likelihood ratings increased with the additional presentation of assessment data sources over time. However, when participants viewed vignettes that were indicative of a student not having SLD (i.e., SLD Negative), SLD likelihood ratings were relatively consistent over time. Moreover, participants demonstrated relatively high levels of confidence in their SLD identification decisions, and in SLD Negative vignettes, confidence increased after the fourth assessment data source was presented. Implications for SLD identification are discussed.
Central nervous system stimulant effect of the ethanolic extract of Kigelia africana

CNS stimulant effect of the ethanolic stem bark extract of Kigelia africana was studied in mice using the barbiturate induced sleeping time and the Rota rod bar to check the extract’s effect on muscle coordination. The results showed that the extract at all doses tested reduced the duration of sleeping time when compared to the control group that received distilled water. This difference in sleeping time was significant (p<0.0001 at all doses tested) and this was also found to be dose dependent. Its effect was also compared with caffeine (a known stimulant) and the extract gave a shorter duration of sleeping time compared to caffeine, (p<0.05 at 400 mg/kg dose) indicating better stimulant properties. In comparison with diazepam the extract at all doses tested, also gave a shorter duration of sleep (p<0.0001). On the Rota rod, the extract had no sedative effect as the animals maintained their balance on the rod through the entire period of the experiment. Key words: Kigelia africana, barbiturate induced sleeping time, motor coordination
The Use of Technology to Continue Learning in Palestine Disrupted with COVID-19

This qualitative study examined how decision-makers and teachers have responded to offer education for all Palestinian students at the immediate onset of the COVID-19 outbreak and how technology is being used to continue education online. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants from parents, teachers and decision-makers in Palestine. Interview transcripts were coded using a grounded theory design with a constant comparative method. The findings show that participants identified that technologies such as mobile devices, social media and cloud computing would be useful for design and delivery of educational materials as well as raising safety awareness, and communication during the COVID-19 pandemic in Palestine. The findings also identify various challenges including the widening of the education's digital divide and an increasingly negative attitude towards online education. The data also indicate that the first wave of the COVID-19 experience could be the roadmap for wave two and for the transition to sustainable online learning as a supplement to the traditional learning methods and not as a replacement. This research further demonstrates that teachers who are early adopters have a significant role in influencing both students and other teachers to adopt the transformation to online learning. In addition, the national and international initiatives with a multi-stakeholder partnership could provide sustained, long-term, real solutions for online learning.
Caseless direct objects in Turkish revisited⇤

It has been claimed and widely assumed that caseless direct objects in Turkish exhibit a sort of syntactic incorporation, and only their cased counterparts are true syntactic arguments (Kornfilt 1997; Knecht 1986; Nilsson 1986; Öztürk 2005 among others). Cased and caseless objects are thus widely taken as derivationally related, crystallized in Kelepir’s (2001) proposal that objects pick up overt accusative as they move out of the VP. In this paper, I would like to revisit both the empirical evidence and the interpretation leading to these claims and propose revisions. I first show that not all caseless objects are the same. Mostly drawing on Aydemir (2004), I argue that bare caseless objects and those with indefinite expressions have di↵erences that would be very unusual if they were both incorporated. However, adopting Öztürk (2005) and against Aydemir (2004), neither of the cases can be analyzed as head incorporation. I then turn to the cased vs. caseless distinction and argue that cased and caseless objects are not that di↵erent after all. Based on data with strictly controlled information structure, I arrive at a di↵erent generalization than most of the earlier reports and claim that caseless objects are morphosyntactically as moveable as their cased counterparts. Hence, I propose to replace the notion of incorporation in the literature of Turkish syntax with the notion of weak case (de Hoop 1992) and conclude by a discussion of the domain of syntactic analysis in this primarily semantic phenomenon.
Isobutane/2-Butene Alkylation Catalyzed by Strong Acids in the Presence of Ionic Liquid Additives

Isobutane/2-butene alkylation catalyzed by binary mixtures of acidic ionic liquids (ILs) and strong acids (sulfuric acid or H2SO4 and triflic acid or CF3SO3H) was investigated. The catalytic performances of H2SO4 and CF3SO3H were considerably improved when ILs were added. Using [Emim][OTf]-CuCl/H2SO4 as the catalyst, an alkylate with a high content of the desired trimethylpentane (up to 79.6 wt%) and a high research octane number (up to 99.1) was obtained. The results of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry indicated that the better distributions of the products obtained with the IL/acid mixtures were due to the Cu-containing anions and cations of the ILs.
Comparative morpho-functional study of the intestine of the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps and Trematomus newnesi (Nototheniidae): Histology and ultrastructure

Seasonal variation in the photoperiod and light intensity in the Antarctic region influences the biomass and primary productivity in the Antarctic Ocean. This results in specialized adaptations for obtaining food, associated with morphological and physiological changes in the digestive tract of fish. The aim of the present study is the morpho-functional study of the intestine of two Antarctic Nototheniidae: Notothenia coriiceps, a benthic fish that shows relatively low levels of activity, and Trematomus newnesi, a semi-pelagic fish. Both show a proportionally big stomach and a short intestine. Those are the main characteristics of carnivorous fish. The intestinal mucosa is lined by a simple columnar 61 1U niversidade Federal do Parana, Departamento de Biologia Celular. Caixa Postal 19031, 81531-970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. E-mail: fantaf@uol.com. br 2Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Centro de Microscopia Eletronica. Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. 南極資料, Vol.44, No. 2, 61-82, 2000 Nankyoku Shiryo (Antarctic Record), Vol. 44, No. 2, 61-82, 2000 62 A.C. C. Vianna, E. Fanta and E. Haapalainen epithelium with enterocytes, goblet cels, lymphocytes and rodlet cels. Goblet cels produce neutral and acid mucosubstances along the whole of the intestine, in both species. Enterocytes at the pyloric ceca and the proximal portion of the medium intestine in N. coriceps, as well as the medium intestine of T. newnesi, show ultrastructural characteristics of lipid absorption cels. Enterocytes with characteristics of protein absorbing cels were observed along the posterior intestine of both species. In addition, N. coriiceps shows deep folds at the posterior intestine and a high concentration of blood capillaries, suggesting that in this region there is active transport of macromolecules by pinocytosis. Osmoregulation seems to occur mainly in the medial and distal portions of the medium intestine in N. coriceps, while in T. newnesi it occurs along the entire medium intestine. These differences in intestinal functional morphology in both species can be related to their feeding habits and their energetic metabolism, resulting from different utilization of food nutrients, as N. coriiceps is a generalist, while T. newnesi ingests a narrow spectrum of food items.
Performance Evaluation of Parallel Haemodynamic Computations on Heterogeneous Clouds

The article presents performance evaluation of parallel haemodynamic flow computations on heterogeneous resources of the OpenStack cloud infrastructure. The main focus is on the parallel performance analysis, energy consumption and virtualization overhead of the developed software service based on ANSYS Fluent platform which runs on Docker containers of the private university cloud. The haemodynamic aortic valve flow described by incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is considered as a target application of the hosted cloud infrastructure. The parallel performance of the developed software service is assessed measuring the parallel speedup of computations carried out on virtualized heterogeneous resources. The performance measured on Docker containers is compared with that obtained by using the native hardware. The alternative solution algorithms are explored in terms of the parallel performance and power consumption. The investigation of a trade-off between the computing speed and the consumed energy is performed by using Pareto front analysis and a linear scalarization method.
Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Midwifery Students

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the genital hygiene behaviors of midwifery students. Method: The sample group of this descriptive study consiste d of 175 midwifery students who voluntary to participate in the study among 264 students receivi ng education in the Department of Midwifery at the Faculty of Health Sciences. The data were collected using the “Personal Information Form” and “Genital Hygiene Be haviors Scale”. The data were evaluated with SPSS package p rogram by means of mean, percentage, t test and One -Way ANOVA. Findings: It was determined that the mean total score of the s udents on the genital hygiene behaviors scale wa s 95.25±8.57. 31.3% of students had a vaginal shower, 10.9% did not take a shower in the menstrual perio d and 15.1% had been cleaning the genital area with soap. It was determined that the students' level of grad e, living place and mother education level on the genital hygiene b ehaviors were effective (respectively; p:.015, p:.0 30, p:.031) and the family type, economical situation variable was not effective (p>0,05). Results: As a result of the study, midwifery student’s mean score of the Genital Hygiene Behaviors Inventory w as found to be slightly above the medium level. Howeve r, especially in the first class, it is determined that there are more deficiencies and errors in the knowledge and b ehavior related to genital hygiene. In this context , it is important to provide health education in the first semester w hen the students start school without waiting for t he curriculum process.
The effect of aluminium and sodium impurities on the in vitro toxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of cristobalite

Background: Exposure to crystalline silica (SiO2), in the form of quartz, tridymite or cristobalite, can cause respiratory diseases, such as silicosis. However, the observed toxicity and pathogenicity of crystalline silica is highly variable. This has been attributed to a number of inherent and external factors, including the presence of impurities. In cristobalite-rich dusts, substitutions of aluminium (Al) for silicon (Si) in the cristobalite structure, and impurities occluding the silica surface, have been hypothesised to decrease its toxicity. This hypothesis is tested here through the characterisation and in vitro toxicological study of synthesised cristobalite with incremental amounts of Al and sodium (Na) dopants. Methods: Samples of synthetic cristobalite with incremental amounts of Al and Na impurities, and tridymite, were produced through heating of a silica sol-gel. Samples were characterised for mineralogy, cristobalite purity and abundance, particle size, surface area and surface charge. In vitro assays assessed the ability of the samples to induce cytotoxicity and TNF-α production in J774 macrophages, and haemolysis of red blood cells. Results: Al-only doped or Al+Na co-doped cristobalite contained between 1 and 4 oxide wt% Al and Na within its structure. Co-doped samples also contained Aland Na-rich phases, such as albite. Doping reduced cytotoxicity to J774 macrophages and haemolytic capacity compared to non-doped samples. Al-only doping was more effective at decreasing cristobalite reactivity than Al+Na co-doping. The reduction in the reactivity of cristobalite is attributed to both structural impurities and a lower abundance of crystalline silica in doped samples. Neither non-doped nor doped crystalline silica induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in J774 macrophages. Conclusions: Impurities can reduce the toxic potential of cristobalite and may help explain the low reactivity of some cristobalite-rich dusts. Whilst further work is required to determine if these effects translate to altered pathogenesis, the results have potential implications for the regulation of crystalline silica exposures.
Learning soft skills in the digital age: Challenges and insights from development and teaching 'Negotiation Management' MOOC

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), growing in number in recent years, occupy a significant place as an open educational resource, and provide insights into the development process as well as offer an innovative educational experience. This reflective article examines insights gathered during the development and offering of two sessions of a Negotiation Management MOOC. The article reviews the development process of the course which is built as a series of situations that simulate real-life moments. The episodes are displayed in a mini case format, based on the principle of sitcoms and the ‘edutainment’ (educational entertainment) approach. The video clips combine the simulations with the lecturer's analysis, using theories, models, and concepts from their course and training. This is intended to produce a strong emotional engagement in the course content and to motivate the students to continue learning. The developmental stages raised pedagogical questions around content and training, relating to the length of the video clips, interactive learning, and communication. Those stages are presented in the first part of this article. In addition, in its second part, the article offers insights from two target audiences as reported in the student experience reports. The surveys refer to the teaching method, the length of the videos, interactive learning and the unique integration of lecturers and actors in the videos. The student surveys and the lecturer's perspective give insights concerning course development and teaching approach for the Edutainment MOOC approach. These insights will assist other MOOC development and teaching teams, specifically soft skill MOOCs.
Psychometric Characteristics of The Persian Version of The Self-Efficacy to Regulate Exercise Questionnaire Among Female Adolescents

Background and Objective: The positive effects of regular physical activity are already approved in all age groups. However, sedentary life style among teenagers is common all around the world. The understanding of self-efficacy can help to maintain and improve health promoting behaviors. This study aimed at psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Self-Efficacy to Regulate Exercise Questionnaire (SEREQ) among 15 to 18-year-old girls.Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate psychometric characteristics of the Persian version of the SEREQ, 439 students were randomly selected by the cluster sampling method from different educational districts. After translating the questionnaire using the Joan's approach, its validity and reliability were evaluated by the Cronbach's alpha, content validity indicators, content validity index and Confirmatory factor analysis.Results: The students' mean age was 16.51±1.04 years and their mean BMI was 21.40±3.64. The content validity indicators (0.98) and content validity index (0.97) were at an acceptable level for all the questionnaire's items. The level of Cronbach's alpha among the SEREQ questions was 0.898. Confirmatory factor analysis findings showed acceptable fit indices (CFI = 0.946, TLI = 0.934, RMSEA = 0.049, 2.067 = 125/258 =d/2). Conclusion: The findings of the current study showed that the SEREQ has acceptable validity and reliability in Persian version and can be used to evaluate the efficacy of regular physical activity among Iranian female adolescents.