Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quorum Sensing-Mediated and Growth Phase-Dependent Regulation of Metabolic Pathways in Hafnia alvei H4

Quorum sensing (QS) is a widespread regulatory mechanism in bacteria used to coordinate target gene expression with cell density. Thus far, little is known about the regulatory relationship between QS and cell density in terms of metabolic pathways in Hafnia alvei H4. In this study, transcriptomics analysis was performed under two conditions to address this question. The comparative transcriptome of H. alvei H4 wild-type at high cell density (OD600 = 1.7) relative to low cell density (OD600 = 0.3) was considered as growth phase-dependent manner (GPDM), and the transcriptome profile of luxI/R deletion mutant (ΔluxIR) compared to the wild-type was considered as QS-mediated regulation. In all, we identified 206 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly presented in chemotaxis, TCA cycle, two-component system, ABC transporters and pyruvate metabolism, co-regulated by the both density-dependent regulation, and the results were validated by qPCR and swimming phenotypic assays. Aside from the co-regulated DEGs, we also found that 59 DEGs, mediated by density-independent QS, function in pentose phosphate and histidine metabolism and that 2084 cell-density-dependent DEGs involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and phenylalanine metabolism were influenced only by GPDM from significantly enriched analysis of transcriptome data. The findings provided new information about the interplay between two density-dependent metabolic regulation, which could assist with the formulation of control strategies for this opportunistic pathogen, especially at high cell density.
Ecosystem Services in Working Lands of the Southeastern USA

Agriculture and natural systems interweave in the southeastern US, including Florida, Georgia, and Alabama, where topographic, edaphic, hydrologic, and climatic gradients form nuanced landscapes. These are largely working lands under private control, comprising mosaics of timberlands, grazinglands, and croplands. According to the “ecosystem services” framework, these landscapes are multifunctional. Generally, working lands are highly valued for their provisioning services, and to some degree cultural services, while regulating and supporting services are harder to quantify and less appreciated. Trade-offs and synergies exist among these services. Regional ecological assessments tend to broadly paint working lands as low value for regulating and supporting services. But this generalization fails to consider the complexity and tight spatial coupling of land uses and land covers evident in such regions. The challenge of evaluating multifunctionality and ecosystem services is that they are not spatially concordant. While there are significant acreages of natural systems embedded in southeastern working lands, their spatial characteristics influence the balance of tradeoffs between ecosystem services at differing scales. To better understand this, we examined the configuration of working lands in the southeastern US by comparing indicators of ecosystem services at multiple scales. Indicators included measurements of net primary production (provisioning), agricultural Nitrogen runoff (regulating), habitat measured at three levels of land use intensity, and biodiversity (supporting). We utilized a hydrographic and ecoregional framework to partition the study region. We compared indicators aggregated at differing scales, ranging from broad ecoregions to local landscapes focused on the USDA Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) Network sites in Florida and Georgia. Subregions of the southeastern US differ markedly in contributions to overall ecosystem services. Provisioning services, characterized by production indicators, were very high in northern subregions of Georgia, while supporting services, characterized by habitat and biodiversity indicators, were notably higher in smaller subregions of Florida. For supporting services, the combined contributions of low intensity working lands with embedded natural systems made a critical difference in their regional evaluation. This analysis demonstrated how the inclusion of working lands combined with examining these at different scales shifted our understanding of ecosystem services trade-offs and synergies in the southeastern United States.
Analysis of Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Hypothalamic Proteome: Identification of Protein Dysregulations Associated With Vulnerability and Resiliency to Depression or Anxiety

Chronic stress as a known risk factor leads to hyperactivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in both depression and anxiety. However, the stress-induced dysfunction of the HPA axis in these disorders especially the common and unique molecular dysregulations have not been well-explored. Previously, we utilized a chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm to segregate and gain depression-susceptible, anxiety-susceptible, and insusceptible groups. In this study, we continue to examine the possible protein expression alterations of the hypothalamus as the center of the HPA axis in these three groups by using a proteomic approach. Though isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative analysis, a total of 593 dysregulated proteins were identified. These were potentially associated with vulnerability and adaptability of CMS-caused depression or anxiety and therefore might become novel investigative protein targets. Further independent analysis using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) indicated that 5, 7, and 21 dysregulated proteins were specifically associated with depression-susceptible, anxiety-susceptible, and insusceptible groups, respectively, suggesting that the same CMS differently affected the regulation system of the rat hypothalamic proteome. In summary, the current proteomic research on the hypothalamus provided insights into the specific and common molecular basis for the HPA dysfunction mechanisms that underlie resiliency and vulnerability to stress-induced depression or anxiety.
MCNN: A Deep Learning Based Rapid Diagnosis Method for COVID-19 from the X-ray Images

Due to the rapidly spreading nature of coronavirus, a pandemic situation has emerged around the world. It is affecting society at large that includes the global economy and public health too. It was found in recent studies that the novel and unknown nature of this virus makes it more difficult to identify and treat the affected patient in the early stage. In this context, a time-consuming method named reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is being used to detect the positive cases of COVID-19, which requires blood samples of the suspects to diagnose the disease. This paper presents a new deep learning-based method to detect COVID-19 cases using chest X-ray images as the recent studies show that the radiology images have relevant features that can be used to predict the COVID-19. The proposed method is developed for binary classification to identify that a person is infected with COVID-19 or not. A total of 2400 X-ray images are taken for the experimental work. It includes 1000, COVID-19, and 1000, non-COVID-19 images, 200, COVID-19, and 200, non-COVID-19 testing images. The proposed method has been compared with the existing state-of-the-art methods on various statistical parameters which give better results with higher accuracy in diagnosing the COVID-19 cases. The proposed method has obtained 98.25% accuracy, 98.49% precision, 98% sensitivity, 98.50% specificity, and 98.25% F1 score.
Profile of heavy metals in selected medicinal plants.

Essential and non-essential heavy metals like Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd were quantified in selected medicinal plants including Artemisia vulgaris L. , Asparagus adscendens Roxb, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. , Galium aparine L. , Mucuna pruriens L. , Stevia rebaudiana and Withania somnifera L. , by using atomic absorption spectrometry. The main purpose of this study was to document evidence of essential and non-essential heavy metals in these herbs, which are extensively used in the preparation of herbal products and standardized extracts. High iron contents were observed in W. somnifera 206.69 ppm, S. rebaudiana 201.38 ppm, G. aparine 180.91 ppm, C. tetragonoloba 87.14 ppm, A. adscendens 85.27 ppm, A. vulgaris 81.39 ppm and M. pruriens 33.21 ppm. The concentration of other heavy metals particularly manganese and zinc was also found on the higher side in the selected herbs
Is health literacy associated with antibiotic use, knowledge and awareness of antimicrobial resistance among non-medical university students in Egypt? A cross-sectional study

Objectives Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern, especially in developing countries, where antibiotic misuse is widespread. However, studies investigating relevant factors, particularly in youth, are limited. This study examined the levels of health literacy (HL) and their association with antibiotic use, knowledge of antibiotics and awareness of antibiotic resistance among university students in Egypt. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires during 2018. The Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-Q16) and the WHO Antibiotic resistance: Multi-Country Public Awareness Survey were used. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to compare responses on use and knowledge of antibiotics, and awareness of antibiotic resistance between the three levels of students’ HL. Setting University, Cairo, Egypt. Participants 508 non-medical university students. Outcomes Students’ HL scores were categorised into sufficient, problematic and inadequate. Students’ knowledge of antibiotics was categorised into good and poor. Students’ awareness of antibiotic resistance was categorised into high, average and poor. Results 35.1% of students had sufficient HL. 79.7% of students had poor knowledge of antibiotics. 39.9% of students reported having used antibiotics in the past month without a prescription. 92.2% had limited awareness of antibiotic resistance and 30.6% of students heard about the term ‘antimicrobial resistance’. Background characteristics did not significantly differ by HL levels or knowledge scores, except for students’ year of study. Sufficient HL was independently associated with students’ high awareness of antibiotic resistance (adjusted OR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.3 to 5.9). Conclusions HL was insufficient in this sample of non-medical Egyptian university students. Across all levels of HL, knowledge of antibiotics and awareness of antibiotic resistance were limited, reflecting deficiency in relevant education programmes. Findings suggest that sufficient HL supports high awareness of antibiotic resistance. Incorporating HL and rational antibiotic use awareness raising programmes in university curricula is an urgent necessity to curb antibiotic resistance.
Socioeconomic inequalities in physical and cognitive functioning: cross-sectional evidence from 37 cohorts across 28 countries in the ATHLOS project

Background Physical and cognitive functioning in older age follows a socioeconomic gradient but it is unclear whether the strength of the association differs between populations. Using harmonised data from an international collaboration of cohort studies, we assessed socioeconomic inequalities in physical and cognitive functioning and explored if the extent of inequalities varied across countries based on their economic strength or wealth distribution. Methods Harmonised data from 37 population-based cohorts in 28 countries were used, with an overall sample size of 126 765. Socioeconomic position of participants was indicated by education and household income. Physical functioning was assessed by self-reported mobility and activities of daily living; and cognitive functioning by memory and verbal fluency tests. Relative (RII) and slope (SII) index of inequality were calculated in each cohort, and their association with the source country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gini-index was assessed with correlation and cross-level interaction in multilevel models. Results RII and SII values indicated consistently higher risk of low physical and cognitive functioning in participants with lower education or income across cohorts. Regarding RII, there were weak but statistically significant correlations and interactions with GDP and Gini-index, suggesting larger inequalities in countries with lower Gini-index and higher GDP. For SII, no such correlations were observed. Conclusion This study confirms that socioeconomic inequalities in physical and cognitive functioning exist across different social contexts but the magnitude of these inequalities varies. Relative inequalities appear to be larger in higher-income countries but it remains to be seen whether such observation can be replicated.
6‐Chloro‐N2,N4‐di‐p‐tolyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine acetone solvate

The title compound, C18H16ClN5·C2H6O, was prepared by the reaction of p-toluidine with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine at room temperature. The three rings are not coplanar; the dihedral angles between the triazine ring and the phenyl rings are 41.32 and 6.58°, and that between the two phenyl rings is 35.58°. The mol­ecular structure and packing are stabilized by N—H⋯N, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen-bond inter­actions and C—H⋯π inter­actions.
Impact of Pharmacist-led Educational Intervention on Predictors of Diabetic Foot at Two Different Hospitals of Malaysia

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that can initiate organ damage inside the body if not treated appropriately. Apart from tight glycemic control, a suitable educational intervention is also needed from health-care providers to stop or decrease the progression of organ damage in diabetic patients. This study intended to measure the impact of pharmacist-led educational intervention on improvement in predictors of diabetic foot in two different hospitals in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: In two tertiary care selected hospitals, the included diabetic patients were randomly divided into two study arms. In the control group, 200 patients who were receiving usual treatment from hospitals were included. However, in the intervention group, those 200 patients who were receiving usual treatment along with counseling sessions from pharmacists under the Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (DMTAC) program were included. The study continued for 1 year, and there were four follow-up visits for both study arms. A prevalidated data collection form was used to measure the improvement in predictors of diabetic foot in included patients. Data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, version 24.0. Results: With the average decrease of 1.97% of HbA1c values in the control group and 3.43% in the intervention group, the univariate and multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant difference between both of the study arms in the improvement of predictors belonging to the diabetic foot (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients without any signs and symptoms of the diabetic foot in the intervention group was 91.7%, which increased from 42.3% at baseline (P < 0.05). However, this proportion in the control group was 76.9% at the fourth follow-up, from 48.3% at baseline (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A statistically significant reduction in the signs and symptoms of diabetic foot was observed in the intervention group at the end of 1 year. The progression of diabetic foot was significantly decreased in the pharmacist intervention group.
Seeking an Adjustment from the Unnatural to the Supernatural: The Experience of Losing a Child from Cancer in Colombia

Aims: The death of a child with cancer can be devastating for his or her parents. This study sought to understand the way in which the process of parental grief develops after the death of a child with cancer. Methods: The research used a grounded theory approach, in which 18 participants were enrolled including parents whose child died from cancer 5 months to 5 years before. In-depth interviews were conducted, which were analyzed using constant comparisons until theoretical saturation was reached. Results: Fifteen subcategories were identified and grouped into three categories that explain what the grieving process represents to the parents over time (a) crossing a desert, (b) dying while alive, and (c) coming back to life. From the emerging relationships among the categories, the core category “seeking adjustment from the unnatural to the supernatural” arises. The results show that grief begins from the moment of diagnosis until long after the child's death. For parents, it entails understanding the disruption in the natural course of life, going through indescribable pain, and being spiritually reconnected with their child. Conclusions: These results enable nurses to design comprehensive interventions that meet the described needs of these parents.
Self‐Assembly Fractal Microstructures of HPAM/Chromium Acetate and HPAM/Phenolic Aldehyde Colloidal Dispersion Gel

Abstract HPAM (partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide)/chromium acetate and HPAM/phenolic aldehyde colloidal dispersion gels (CDGs) were investigated microscopically using atomic force microscope. The results show that the colloidal dispersion gels eventually form self‐assembly branch‐like fractal structures over a scanning range of micrometers. The fractal aggregates of single twigs formed by compact assembly of nanometer particles were observed over a smaller scanning range regardless of the concentration of HPAM and the crosslinking reagent. This indicated an HPAM‐dependence for the formation of the fractal structure and the crosslinking reagent independence of the geometrical morphology of the gel. Also, the results demonstrated that the elastic modulus (G′) of the fractal structure formed by the smaller (nanometer‐sized) colloidal particles was one order of magnitude higher than obtained for the micrometer‐sized particles. The elastic modulus (G′) and the dynamic stability of the gels increased with decreasing particle diameter.
On the non‐centrosymmetric structures which produce centrosymmetric diffraction patterns even with anomalous dispersion

The geometrical conditions that a structure gives centrosymmetric diffraction patterns have been investigated. It is shown that Friedel's law may hold for certain non-centrosymmetric structures containing two or more kinds of anomalous scatterer. Therefore, their absolute configurations can never be established by ordinary absorption-edge techniques. The geometrical characteristics of such a structure are discussed in terms of a vector set.
Retrospective Study on the Pattern of Off-label Use of Misoprostol in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Off-label drug use (OLDU) refers to the prescription of a currently available and marketed medication for a use that has never been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Misoprostol is one of the drugs which is used off-label. This drug, authorized for the treatment or prevention of peptic ulcers and other stomach disorders, is commonly used off-label for inducing labor or intrauterine device insertion. This research focuses on identifying the percentage of morbidity and mortality by off-label use of misoprostol; classifying the most common off-label misoprostol use in Tabuk hospitals; and determining the availability of policy and procedures behind prescribing the off-label misoprostol. Materials and Methods: Retrospective observational study was carried out. Data were collected from patients’ files for those admitted to the maternity wards in Tabuk Hospitals from March 2019 until September 2019. Results: Approximately 53% of cases were diagnosed with missed abortion. The mean time for abortion after administering misoprostol was 20.7 ± 28.2h. About 76% of women had an indication of bleeding. Guidelines were not followed with respect to dosage regimen. The mean of hospital stay was 3 days. There were no significant complications associated with the administration of misoprostol. Conclusion: There is no policy and procedure available in the hospital regarding off-label use of misoprostol. Moreover, physicians have low adherence to the guideline in terms of dosage, interval, and route of administration for each indication in obstetrics and gynecology.
Modeling the steady flow of yield‐stress fluids in packed beds

Network modeling has been performed to obtain quantitative and predictive results of the flow of yield-stress fluids in packed beds. Physically representative networks were used as the basis for the modeling, which have a one-to-one correspondence to computer-generated packed beds of spheres. The networks are able to account for the interconnectivity, heterogeneity, and converging/diverging geometry that are inherent in porous media. The approach can be used to model a wide range of non-Newtonian fluids, but the emphasis is for yield-stress fluids that can be represented using a Bingham model. For these fluids, a threshold pressure gradient is required to initiate flow, and flow at low pressure gradients is characterized by critical percolation behavior. Quantitative results of superficial velocity vs. pressure gradient are presented, and are compared to traditional bundle-of-tubes models, as well as limited experimental data available in the literature. Important differences are observed between the network model and the constitutive models. These are attributed mainly to heterogeneity and converging/diverging geometry, which are not accounted for in the semiempirical models. Comparison to experimental data is good for certain fluids. In other cases, the modeling suggests that effects other than fluid rheology may also have affected flow, such as adsorption or filtration. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 3034–3048, 2004
Study on Aromatic Phosphines for Novel Fluorometry of Hydroperoxides (I) -Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Diphenyl Aryl Phosphines and Their Oxides

Abstract 1-Naphthyldiphenylphosphine (NDPP), 9-anthryldiphenylphosphine (ADPP) and diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP) and their oxides were prepared from triphenyl-phosphine (TPP) and the corresponding aryl bromides. These phosphines had no fluorescence, but their oxides showed blue fluorescence. The order of fluorescence intensities of these oxides were DPPP oxide > ADPP oxide > NDPP oxide. Hydroperoxides oxidized these phosphines to the corresponding oxides quantitatively. The relative reactivities were TPP > NDPP > DPPP > ADPP. The phosphines were stable in the dark, however, unstable in the light in chloroform. The reaction is proposed as novel type of fluorometry for hydroperoxides.
Experimental Study and Kinetic Modelling of Nitric Oxide Reduction with Ammonia

Abstract An important part of a general simulation model of the Thermal DeNOx process is the detailed kinetic mechanism used to represent all the interconnecting reaction paths. Unfortunately, the location and dimension of the operating window investigated experimentally to validate a detailed kinetic mechanism strongly influences the reliability of its predictions, and explains the large differences occasionally found among the predictions of different mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to produce new sets of data kinetically significant to investigate the behavior of these models in different conditions, with particular reference to well-stirred conditions that are usually not considered in the literature. This paper presents the results of some experiments carried out in a laboratory jet-stirred reactor at atmospheric pressure and in the range 950-1450 K. Such experimental results enlarge the operating window available for model validation since they involve well-stirred conditions and the presence of both carbon monoxide and water. Then, they have been used, together with other experiments previously presented in the literature, to validate a detailed kinetic mechanism. Such a mechanism has been proved to be able to predict experiments performed not only in plug-flow conditions but also in well-stirred one.