Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender and the Use of English Language Among Form 3 Secondary School Students in Malaysia

The use of the English language has been known to differ among its users based on a myriad of factors. One of these factors is gender, a social construct that influences many facets of life, including language use. The aim of this study is to investigate gender differences in the use of the English language among Form 3 secondary school students in Malaysia by looking at Lakoff’s theory of women’s language. Using a quantitative approach, this study consisted of 30 Form 3 students consisting of 15 boys and 15 girls as the respondents. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings show some similarities and differences in language use between male and female students. Some of the similarities in male and female language use include the usage of hedges, fillers, and interruptions in speech. The differences can be seen in the use of tag questions, swear words, empty adjectives, volume of voice, and the use of formal and informal languages between male and female students. The main implication of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of gender and language use in Malaysia and to highlight the existence of women’s language in the educational sphere.
Productive and reproductive performance of weaned V-line male rabbits orally administrated with mixture of some dried herbal seeds under Assiut climatic conditions

In recent years, medical and aromatic herbs have been used in rabbits’ production to replace antibiotic and have increasingly important role. A total of 40 weaned V-line rabbit bucks were divided equally into four experimental groups. The bucks of the 1 group not treated and served as the control group, while those in the 2, 3 and 4 groups were oral supplementation with mixture dried herbal seeds at level of 200 ,400 and 600mg /buck/day, respectively. The obtained results revealed significant (P≤0.05) increase in BW, BWG and FCR of the treated bucks than those of the control. However, results of total feed consumption showed insignificant differences. The averages of total protein, globulin, albumin and glucose (mg/dl) of treated groups increased significantly (P≤0.05) as compared with the control group. While the means of triglyceride and cholesterol decreased significantly (P≤0.05) in the treated bucks than those of the control group. The averages of live sperm, (%), Mass motility, (%), concentration (10/ml) and ejaculate volume (ml) of the treated bucks increased significantly (P≤0.05) than those of the control, while the reaction time (seconds) and abnormal sperm, (%) decreased significantly (P≤0.05) in the treated bucks than those of the control group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that treating rabbit bucks raised under Assiut climatic conditions with a mixture of some dried herbal seeds at level of (200,400 and 600/buck/day) significantly improved growth performance, blood parameters and semen quality.
Brain-to-brain communication during musical improvisation: a performance case study

Understanding and predicting others' actions in ecological settings is an important research goal in social neuroscience. Here, we deployed a mobile brain-body imaging (MoBI) methodology to analyze inter-brain communication between professional musicians during a live jazz performance. Specifically, bispectral analysis was conducted to assess the synchronization of scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from three expert musicians during a three-part 45 minute jazz performance, during which a new musician joined every five minutes. The bispectrum was estimated for all musician dyads, electrode combinations, and five frequency bands. The results showed higher bispectrum in the beta and gamma frequency bands (13-50 Hz) when more musicians performed together, and when they played a musical phrase synchronously. Positive bispectrum amplitude changes were found approximately three seconds prior to the identified synchronized performance events suggesting preparatory cortical activity predictive of concerted behavioral action. Moreover, a higher amount of synchronized EEG activity, across electrode regions, was observed as more musicians performed, with inter-brain synchronization between the temporal, parietal, and occipital regions the most frequent. Increased synchrony between the musicians' brain activity reflects shared multi-sensory processing and movement intention in a musical improvisation task.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Central Vein Sign as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Egyptian Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Purpose Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in multiple sclerosis (MS) overlap with numerous MS mimics. The central vein sign (CVS) can help to differentiate MS from other mimics. This study aimed to determine the value of CVS as a diagnostic biomarker for distinguishing MS from its mimics. Patients and Methods Patients were prospectively recruited into two groups: a typical clinical (TC) MS presentation with an atypical MRI for MS and an atypical clinical (ATC) MS presentation with a typical MRI for MS. Patients underwent a 1.5T MRI brain scan with a T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequence. The presence of the central vein was assessed by a radiologist blinded to patients’ clinical presentation. The MS consultant made the final diagnosis without reviewing the T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequence or the CVS analysis results. Results Forty-two patients were included. Ten (40%) out of 25 TC patients were diagnosed with clinically definite MS (CDMS), with a mean percentage of CV-positive lesions of 65.5% among CDMS patients. Four (23.5%) out of 17 ATC patients were diagnosed with CDMS with a mean CV-positive lesions percentage of 68.25% among CDMS patients. TC patients who were not diagnosed as CDMS had a mean CV-positive lesions percentage of 10.13%, while ATC patients who were not diagnosed as CDMS had a mean CV-positive lesions percentage of 16.38%. The CVS showed 85.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity (95% confidence interval: 0.919–1.018) for diagnosis of MS at a cut off value of 45% (p < 0.001). The percentage of CV-positive lesions was significantly higher in oligoclonal bands (OCBs) positive patients compared to OCBs negative patients (p < 0.001) and those with spinal cord lesions compared to patients with no spinal cord lesions (p = 0.017). Conclusion The CVS has 85.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the diagnosis of MS at a cutoff value of 45%.
Elasticity Imaging Using Physics-informed Neural Networks: Spatial Discovery of Elastic Modulus and Poisson's Ratio.

Elasticity imaging is a technique that discovers the spatial distribution of mechanical properties of tissue using deformation and force measurements under various loading conditions. Given the complexity of this reconstruction, most existing methods approximate only one material parameter while assuming homogeneous distributions for the others. We employ physics-informed neural networks (PINN) in linear elasticity problems to discover the space-dependent distribution of both elastic modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio (ν) simultaneously, using strain data, normal stress boundary conditions, and the governing physics. We validated our model on three examples. First, we experimentally loaded hydrogel samples with embedded stiff inclusions, representing tumorous tissue, and compared the approximations against ground truth determined through tensile tests. Next, using data from finite element simulation of a rectangular domain containing a stiff circular inclusion, the PINN model accurately localized the inclusion and estimated both E and ν. We observed that in a heterogeneous domain, assuming a homogeneous ν distribution increases estimation error for stiffness as well as the area of the stiff inclusion, which could have clinical importance when determining size and stiffness of tumorous tissue. Finally, our model accurately captured spatial distribution of mechanical properties and the tissue interfaces on data from another computational model, simulating uniaxial loading of a rectangular hydrogel sample containing a human brain slice with distinct gray matter and white matter regions and complex geometrical features. This elasticity imaging implementation has the potential to be used in clinical imaging scenarios to reliably discover the spatial distribution of mechanical parameters and identify material interfaces such as tumors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Elasticity imaging is a technique that reconstructs mechanical properties of tissue using deformation and force measurements. Given the complexity of this reconstruction, most existing methods approximate only one material parameter while assuming homogeneous distributions for the others. Our work is the first implementation of physics-informed neural networks to reconstruct material parameters - Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio - and stress distributions for linear elastic materials by having deformation and force measurements. We comprehensively validate our model using experimental measurements and synthetic data generated using finite element modeling. Our method can be implemented in clinical elasticity imaging scenarios to improve diagnosis of tumors and for mechanical characterization of biomaterials and biological tissues in a minimally invasive manner.
Synthesis and characterization of N-doped graphene oxide quantum dots/Fe-BDC composite for methylene blue decomposition

Abstract In this work, we functionalized FeBDC by dosing Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots in order to improve the photocatalytic performance over Methylene Blue (MB) degradation. The novelty of this research is that N-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQ) were prepared by microwave irradiation Glycerol-Urea-Citric acid mixture, in which Glycerol could expand the sp2 domain of the NGQ. The effect of NGQ dosage on crystalline phases and porous properties of NGQ/FeBDC were thoroughly studied using X-ray Diffraction, Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy, and Nitrogen adsorption isotherm measurement. The optimal catalyst was 4-NGQ/FeBDC, with the doping percentage of NGQ in NGQ/FeBDC composite being at 4%wt. of the precursors. Some of the noticeable improvements of the 4-NGQ/FeBDC over the original FeBDC sample included a larger BET surface area (141.8 m2 g−1), wider optical absorption edge, a smaller bandgap energy (2.42 eV), and faster degradation reaction. The optimal sample was able to completely decompose MB within 50 minutes and could be repeatedly exploited 4 times. The morphology of 4-NGQ/FeBDC particles was polyhedron shape with NGQ covering around, confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images. Some parameters that affect MB degradation of the 4-NGQ/FeBDC would be investigated, covering light irradiation, H2O2 presence, initial pH of MB solution, and reusability. The regeneration procedure of the optimal photocatalysts as well as the electron transfer mechanism within the photocatalytic system would be proposed in this paper.
Influence of the Audit Committee on the Quality of Financial Reports in Lebanese Private Sector

In recent years, the global economy has been going through a severe downturn, which has led to the failure of several banks and corporations as well as a wide range of other financial problems. During those difficult times, its financial reports received a great deal of attention in many nations. The greatest worry was over the quality of such reports as well as the volume of their reporting and to what extent do they impact the worth of a particular firm or organization. The reporting of financial information has a significant impact, not only on the global financial markets but also on the financial information of firms. This is where the audit committee comes in; it is the body that is responsible for the reporting of financial information. The data will be gathered during the distribution of the survey via the use of google forms with a sample size of three hundred and fifty respondents for the purpose of data collection. For the sake of statistical analysis and the validation of hypotheses, the data that was obtained will be evaluated using google forms. It was determined in this study how many different features of AC impact financial reporting made by Lebanon-based firms. A survey was administered to 350 people as part of this study in order to gather data. Statistical software was used to examine the relationship between the independent variables (size, experience, and independence of the AC) and their dependent variable (quality of financial reports of companies) on the one hand.
Towards Personalized Medicine in Psoriasis: Current Progress

Abstract Although innovative targeted therapies have positively revolutionized psoriasis treatment shifting treatment goals to complete or almost complete skin clearance, primary or secondary lack of efficacy is still possible. Hence, identifying robust biomarkers that reflect the various clinical psoriasis phenotypes would allow stratify patients in subgroups or endotypes, and tailor treatments according to the characteristics of each individual (precision medicine). To sum up the current progress in personalized medicine for psoriasis, we performed a review on the available evidence on biomarkers predictive of response to psoriasis treatments, with focus on phototherapy and systemic agents. Relevant literature published in English was searched for using the following databases from the last five years up to March 20, 2022: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, EBSCO, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane library. Currently, more evidence exists towards biologicals, as justified by the huge health care costs as compared to phototherapy or conventional systemic drugs. Among them, most of the studies focused on anti-TNF and IL12/23, with still few on IL17 (mainly secukinumab). The most discussed biomarker gene is the HLA-C*02:06 status that has been shown to be associated with psoriasis, and also differential response to biologicals. Although its positivity is associated with great response to MTX, debatable results were retrieved concerning both anti-TNF and IL12/23 while it seems not to affect secukinumab response. Personalized treatment in psoriasis would provide excellent outcome minimizing the risk of side effects. To date, although several candidates were proposed and assessed, the scarcity and heterogeneity of the results do not allow the identification of the gold-standard biomarker per each treatment. Anyway, the creation of a more comprehensive panel would be more reliable for the treatment decision process.
Modeling Soil Profile Salinity with HYDRUS-1D

Salt accumulation within the root zone significantly effects plant growth and development in arid and semi-arid regions. Today, use of low-quality irrigation water in agricultural production is increasing rapidly, because of continuous depletion and pollution of water resources. This means more salt transferred to the soil profile. It is of great importance to predetermine the effects of irrigation practices for sustainable crop production. For this purpose, models and tools that can produce reliable and fast results should be used. In this study, soil profile salinity was modeled with the HYDRUS-1D software. In present study, Three different irrigation water salinity levels (S1=0.25 – control/municipal tap water, S2=1.5, S3=3.0 dS m-1) and 4 different irrigation volumes (leaching ratio) (LR1=10%, LR2= 20%, LR3=35%, LR4=50%) were modeled in a randomized plots factorial experimental design with 3 replications. Each treatment was carried out in individual PVC lysimeters with a length of 115 cm and a diameter of 40 cm in open-field to determine the efficiency of the model at different salinity levels and leaching rates. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was preferred as a plant due to its economic value, effective root depth and being a perennial plant. During the growing period, a total of 7 irrigations were practiced and five soil samples were taken from 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm depths at the last day of each month. Present findings revealed that values modeled with the HYDRUS-1D software were sufficient to determine the soil profile salinity. Relative error values (RE) ranged from 0.048 to 0.307. Increase in salinity and irrigation applications reduced the accuracy of the model. However, it can be said that the values produced by the model were sufficient even under the mentioned conditions. Especially for academic studies, the HYDRUS-1D software can be used to obtain fast and reliable results.
Clinical and Hematological changes associated with brucellosis in Missan Province

Objective: Brucellosis is still endemic in Iraq and the main source of public health risk; this study was performed to investigate the clinical signs and symptoms of Brucellosis and determine the hematological changes in the patients infected with Brucella which may assist in the rapid diagnosis of the disease. Subjects and Methods: The study was performed in a period extending from (the first of January -2021to to the Third of June-2021). The data and blood samples were collected from (184) outpatients from a big hospital (Al-Sadder) in Missan Province infected with brucellosis aged between (10 - 65) years. the patients were diagnosed with brucellosis according to case history and clinical laboratory examination. The blood sample from each patient was divided into two test tubes, the first (2ml) for serological examination through separated the serum from the blood components and stored at (-18 °C) until analysis by using the Rose Bengal test. The hematological assessment was performed in the laboratory for each sample of blood (3 ml with EDTA) obtained from the patients infected with brucellosis. Complete blood counts were shown from the collected blood samples by automatic methods (System X kx-21n automated hematology analyzer; JAPAN CARE CO., LTD) including Hemoglobin (Hb), Leukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs), Platelets, Lymphocytes, and Neutrophiles. Results: The disease was diagnosed in the patients by using the Rose Bengal test. the results observed a strong positive reaction for the patients infected with brucellosis , the majority and more than half of brucellosis cases were recorded in females (58.3%), and males (41.7%) of all cases. High incidence of brucellosis in the ages between (41-50) years (33.6%) cases, followed by the ages between (31 -40) years (31.1%) cases, while the lowest percentage infected with the disease was reported in ages between (10 -20) years in (8.1%) cases . The most common symptoms observed were fatigue (85.3%), fever (77.7%), arthritis (73.3%), sweats (69%), and headache (64.1%). The hematological analysis for the blood samples observed significant changes in ( P< 0.05) in leukocytes, leukocytosis (23.8%), leucopenia (12.2%), Anemia reported in (42.7%), Platelets also reported in abnormal value, thrombocytosis (15.1%), thrombocytopenia (11.1%) of all cases of brucellosis. lymphocytosis (32.7%), lymphocytopenia (15.5%), while the neutrophils reported in abnormal ranges , neutrophilia (15.5%),neutropenia (11.6%) . Conclusions: the brucellosis prevalence as a zoonotic disease in rural areas in Missan and direct contact and handling of livestock make the females highly exposed to the risk of infection. The blood picture reveals hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphocytosis, lymphocytopenia, and Neutrophils with neutropenia particularly when the disease is epidemiologically suspected. Recommendations : Some of the population tend to rear animals inside the houses, which demanded specific authorities to take care control of the disease, especially in the animals that consider the main source of the disease.
Case‐Control Study on a Decade of Ground‐Based Magnetometers in California Reveals Modest Signal 24–72 hr Prior to Earthquakes

Magnetic field changes as earthquake precursors have been the subject of numerous studies and some controversy. Infrequent large earthquakes and sparse magnetometer coverage along fault zones complicate statistical analysis. We present an analysis of ground‐based magnetic time‐series measurements before 19 earthquakes ≥M4.5 in California drawing from over 330,000 site‐days of measurement spanning a decade. To perform a fair existential test for electromagnetic antecedents we applied a pre‐specified statistical analysis with two key ideas. First, we combine signals from nearby (≤40 km) sites via spectral cross‐power, and then look for large spikes in frequency domain (0.016–25 Hz). The former is only possible with a dense set of sites running over a long period of time. In this statistical case‐control study we used the machine learning concept of rigorously separated train and test sets of earthquakes which were generated via a rule‐based query of the USGS earthquake catalog. Before each declustered earthquake, we constructed one period 24–72 hr before (the “precursor” or “p‐period”) and a series of seven equally‐sized preceding periods (“quiescent” or “q‐periods”). We distilled the data in each period to a frequency‐dependent feature—the 98th percentile of spectral cross power. We trained a model based on Linear Discriminant Analysis and applied the discriminator to the test set revealing a modest effect in the days leading up to an earthquake. While the observed effect size is not directly useful for earthquake prediction (long a scientific goal), it suggests a relationship which should be further investigated for a physical link.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in humans and dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) in Algeria

Cryptosporidium is one of the most important gastrointestinal parasites of a wide range of animals and humans. A study was conducted between January and March 2011 to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in dromedaries and humans in Oued Souf in southern Algeria. Stool samples of humans (n=110) and dromedaries (n=40) were collected. Cryptosporidium infection was diagnosed in human samples by the Heine staining method and by amplification of the 18S rRNA gene using polymerase chain reaction, and in dromedaries by the direct immunofluorescent antibody test. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in dromedaries was 10% and none of these Cryptosporidium-infected animals showed diarrhoea. No significant difference was observed between males (10.52%) and females (9.52%). The number of oocysts calculated per gram of faeces varied between 100 and 450 oocysts/g. In humans, no positive cases were detected using the Heine staining method or 18S rRNA gene amplification. This finding highlighted the presence of Cryptosporidium in dromedaries in Oued Souf, Algeria for the first time. Further molecular epidemiology studies including a higher number of dromedaries and different parts of the country are recommended to establish the distribution and national impact of the disease. More efforts are required to isolate and to characterise by PCR the Cryptosporidium species in humans in Algeria.