Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Evidence for Nitrogen Limitation in a Northern Ozark Stream

Nutrient enrichment experiments were conducted during low flow periods in 1985 and 1986 in a northern Ozark stream characterized by low nitrate-N concentrations and molar ratios of TN:TP less than 20:1. Enrichment with nitrate to a concentration 3-6 times greater than ambient, either alone or in combination with phosphate addition, stimulated periphytic chlorophyll a by 4-6 × and AFDM by 2-5 × over unenriched controls in two 30-d experiments. An intermediate increase in chlorophyll a in response to phosphate addition was observed in 1985 when TN:TP averaged 19:1. Differences in periphyton accrual among treatments were influenced by snail grazing (Goniobasis) during 1986 when periphyton biomass in N-enriched treatments continued to increase over the 30-d enrichment period, but remained at low levels in control and P-enriched treatments. Low nitrate-N concentrations and TN:TP ≤ 20:1 were also characteristic of 16 sites on 10 streams in the northern Ozark Plateau during low flow periods in 1985 and 1986, suggesting that nitrogen limitation may be common in the region.
A regional-scale consideration of the effects of species richness on above-ground biomass in temperate natural grasslands of China

Question: Can species richness be a predictor for above-ground biomass in natural grasslands at a regional scale? Location: A total of 647 sites across temperate natural grasslands of northern China. Methods: Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the effect of species richness on above-ground biomass. Asymptotically distribution-free estimation was selected for parameter estimation. The SEM process was performed at five sample sizes (n=50, 100, 200, 300 and 647). Spatial structure in the original data was examined by calculating Moran's I. Results: SEM run at n=647 revealed a positive effect of species richness on above-ground biomass after controlling for the influences of bioclimatic factors and grazing. At the four reduced sample size levels, the positive effect held true for most cases in 400 observations (>92%). Conclusions: Contrary to observations in previous studies in natural grasslands, our data showed a positive effect of species richness on above-ground biomass. This suggests that, as a short-term effect of diversity on productivity, niche complementarity among coexisting species tends to be an important process in arid and semi-arid natural grasslands. We hold that biodiversity conservation is among the fundamental approaches required to maintain productivity of grasslands in arid and semi-arid areas.
Desenvolvimento e produtividade de grãos de milho submetido a níveis de desfolha

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of defoliation of maize on grain development and yield. Six trials were conducted in different growing seasons and locations and at two yield levels. A randomized complete block design was used, with seven replicates. Defoliation was made at the V 4 vegetative stage of maize (four expanded leaves), and treatments consisted of: removal of the two basal leaves, removal of the four expanded leaves, total removal of leaves (aerial plant section), and a control (without defoliation). The following were evaluated: length of the vegetative period; and, at pre‑harvest, plant height, ear insertion height, plant lodging percentage, stalk‑breaking strength, force required to pull the plant, and yield. The removal of four leaves and the total removal of leaves increased the length of the vegetative period and reduced plant height, ear insertion height, and stalk strength against breaking. These defoliation levels also reduced yield, mainly with the total removal of leaves. The force required to pull the plant was not influenced by defoliation. Removal of four leaves and of all leaves reduces grain yield, respectively, in 6.25 to 14,05 in the evaluated hybrids.
No Evidence for Mutations in the α- and β-Catenin Genes in Human Gastric and Breast Carcinomas

Disturbed function of E-cadherin and/or of one of its anchoring proteins, the catenins, is thought to destabilize E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, which may enhance the invasiveness of epithelial cells and thus favor carcinoma progression. Reduced expression of E-cadherin and α-catenin, as well as mutations in the E-cadherin gene, have been found in various carcinomas, whereas mutations in the α- and β-catenin genes have been described only in carcinoma cell lines. Using reverse transcription-PCR, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis and single-strand conformational polymorphism, we examined 16 diffuse- and 5 intestinal-type gastric carcinomas, as well as 9 lobular and 2 ductal breast carcinomas, for mutations of α- and β-catenin cDNA. All of the investigated tumors were analyzed previously for E-cadherin mutations. Comparing tumorous and nontumorous samples, we detected neither deletions nor aberrant single-strand conformational polymorphism patterns. At nucleotide 2220 of the α-catenin gene, we identified one frequent polymorphism. Our findings suggest that, in contrast to E-cadherin, mutations of α- and β-catenin do not contribute to the pathogenesis or the diffuse growth patterns of gastric or breast carcinomas.
Chemical suppression of virus in cultured plant tissues

SUMMARY The concentrations of cucumber mosaic (CMV) and alfalfa mosaic viruses, present in various types of cultured plant tissues, were significantly less when ribavirin (syn. Virazole) at 50 or 100 mg/litre was present in the culture medium. CMV concentrations decreased within 24 days in infected cultures treated with ribabirin, but incubation periods of up to 127 days were required before the virus was undetectable. However, virus-free cultures were obtained from CMV-infected meristem-tips irrespective of the presence or absence of ribavirin. Kinetin at concentrations up to 25.6 mg/litre had no persistent antiviral effect.
Effet du counseling de carrière sur la santé mentale : utilisation d’une méthode du changement clinique

Referring to the work on clinical change in mental health (Jacobson, Follette, & Revenstorf, 1984; Jacobson & Truax, 1991), this study investigated the effect of a career counselling process on the mental health of clients. The Outcome Questionnaire (OQ- 30.2: Lambert, Finch, Okiishi, & Burlingame, 2005) was used to measure mental health. Of the 13 clients who participated in career counselling sessions, 8 were found to have experienced a “recovery” (30.8 %) or “improvement” (30.8 %) in mental health, while no change was experienced by the other 5 (38.5 %).
Movements and survival of Common Goldeneye broods near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

We examined movements and survival of Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) broods in a highly acidified area on the Canadian Precambrian Shield near Sudbury, Ontario, during 1989 and 1990. When data from the 2 years were combined, a total of 16 females had led their broods from nesting to rearing lakes, while only 4 had raised their broods on the nesting lake. Initial brood-rearing lakes contained a greater biomass of invertebrate prey and were closer to neighbouring lakes than corresponding nesting lakes. Eight broods undertook 17 secondary movements between rearing lakes. These movements were not related to differences between lakes in prey biomass or distance to neighbouring lakes. Daily survival rates of age-class I and age-class II ducklings did not differ between years. When data from the 2 years were combined, it was found that duckling survival was not related to brood movements or prey biomass. Duckling survival was higher on clustered lakes than on isolated lakes. The availability of alternate .
Relationships among aneuploidy, germination rate and seed shrivelling in 6X-triticales.

In this study, relationships among chromosome numbers, germination percentage and seed characters in six triticale genotypes were determined. Genotypes were selected from among 32 triticale cultivars. The genotypes were divided into two groups based on their test weight, and then each genotype was divided into two sub-group by its seed appearance (shriveling or plump). Frequency of aneuploidy in plump and shriveled seeds of the low test weight genotypes were 6.81% and 26.81%; while were 1.08% and 15.89 % in the high test weight genotypes. There was a significant relationship between shrivelling and chromosome number, while there was no or only weak relationship between test weight and aneuploidy. Among the aneuploid chromosome classes, 2n=41 was the largest and hyperplods were not found in all genotypes examined. Negative effect of seed characters was found in germination percentage and germination percentage in shriveled seeds were significantly lower than that of the plum groups. Germination percentage was higher in high test weight genotypes (87.34 %) than in low test weight genotypes (80.21 %). However, correlation between germination percentage and test weight was not significant.
Effect of Methionine Hydroxy Analog Feeding on Yield and Composition of Bovine Milk

Abstract Four percents of methionine hydroxy analog were fed to 36 lactating Holstein cows in a switch-back experiment of four treatments. The analog contents of the four grain mixtures for treatments I, II, III, and IV were 0, . 3, . 4, and . 5%. The basal ration of corn silage and hay was group-fed ad libitum. Means of the respective treatments were: analog intake 0, 16.59, 23.20, 27.85 g/day and fat-corrected milk 15.8, 16.0, 16.2, 16.1 kg/day. No advantage was found from feeding analog as measured by milk yield, milk fat, or solids-not-fat. No differences were significant among treatments for fatty acid composition of the milk fat.
A role for dietary macroalgae in the amelioration of certain risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease

Abstract: Many of the pathologies leading to premature death from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in humans are influenced by an individual's nutritional habitus. Diet-related risk factors for these pervasive, noncommunicable diseases include obesity, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, diabetes, and disproportionate cellular free-radical production. CVDs are the number one cause of premature death globally, and effective methods for ameliorating CVD risk factors associated with diet should be a primary target. Although various intervention strategies are being developed and implemented, such as healthy lunch programs, improved menus in school cafeterias, and government mandates for food manufacturers regarding the reduction of salt and trans fats in processed products, a broader, more universal approach is in order. The proliferation and ready availability of high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods and the powerful marketing tools used by multinational food companies seriously compromise the health and wellness potential of a significant proportion of the global population. In this review, some of the underlying mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular health are discussed in terms of human nutritional status. Unhealthy plasma cholesterol levels, obesity, nutritional energy imbalances, and inflammatory responses are identified as some of the likely precursors in the manifestation of cardiovascular issues. The favourable therapeutic impact dietary macroalgae could have by the provision of robust antioxidant suites, macro- and micronutritional elements, fibre content, and fatty acid profiles makes seaweeds viable and important contenders for involuntary intervention strategies related to food manufacturing. These components are discussed in relation to their functionality with respect to human health, and numerous edible macroalgae, such as Hypnea charoides, Mastocarpus stellatus, Palmaria palmata, Laminaria japonica, and Ulva pertusa are mentioned in light of their amelioration value. Opportunities for the practical utilization of marine macroalgae into ordinary foodstuffs are highlighted.
STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE AUTOANTIBODIES

The 7S γ-globulins causing erythrocyte autosensitization in 20 patients were isolated by elution and examined for homogeneity or heterogeneity of their L chain types and electrophoretic dispersion. The isolated erythrocyte autoantibodies from 12 patients contained only 1 detectable L chain type. Two of these "monotypic" populations showed appreciable restriction of electrophoretic dispersion, while 2 others more nearly resembled the electrophoretic heterogeneity of normal γ-globulins. The autoantibodies from the other 8 patients exhibited L chains of both types. The single "bitypic" population so tested was relatively polydisperse electrophoretically. As a comparison, anti-Rho isoantibodies from 5 of 6 donors without known hematologic disease showed bitypic reactions, and 2 of these isoantibody populations were relatively polydisperse electrophoretically. One Rh isoantibody is described which contained only 1 demonstrable L chain type. The structural similarities to "paraproteins" observed in a significant proportion of these erythrocyte autoantibodies raise the possibility of their origin from a restricted population of antibody forming cells, and may have implications concerning the pathogenesis of erythrocyte autosensitization.
IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF HEALTH SCREENING SERVICES TO DIABETIC AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN A SELECTED COMMUNITY PHARMACY AT BELGAUM CITY

OBJECTIVE: To select, set up and initiate the health screening services in the community pharmacy, to design and develop patient data collection form and patient identity card, to implement health screening services in a selected community pharmacy & to evaluate the health screening services data. METHOD: The study was a prospective, investigational and community interventional study, conducted for a period of ten months from May 2008 to February 2009. RESULT: 98 patients and 24 customers under risk factors were screened during the study. Out of which 58 (59.18%) patients were diabetic with hypertensive, 26 (26.53%) were hypertensive and 14 (14.28%) were diabetic. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, random blood sugar and body mass index values of the screened patients reveals the need for the provision of health screening services in the community pharmacy by a pharmacist. Various demographic factors like age, gender, occupation, economic status, educational background, periodic check-up showed equal impact of pharmacist involvement and need to provide these services in the community pharmacy. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that there is ample scientific evidence showing that certain risk factors pre-dispose individuals to development of diabetes and hypertension, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that community screening is a cost effective approach to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases in healthy individuals. Community screening programs may provide a means to enhance public awareness regarding seriousness of diabetes and hypertension and its complications. KEYWORDS: Health Screening Services, Community Pharmacy, Diabetes, Hypertension.
Identification of conservation units of Mammillaria crucigera (Cactaceae): perspectives for the conservation of rare species

Background: Rare cactus in the Americas and other species worldwide are threatened species because of their high level of habitat specialisation, narrow distribution range and continuing population decline. Aims: To identify management units (MUs) based on genetic variability and demographic structure in order to propose assertive conservation actions for Mammillaria crucigera and to provide a model case study for other species that are under similar threats. Methods: We genotyped through eight microsatellite loci in 171 individuals and described demographic structures in six populations of this cactus based on plots of 1 m2. Results: Across populations with a mean density of 2.6 m−2 and a total of ~500 individuals counted, 30% of the individuals were reproductive (diameter >2 cm). The total heterozygosity was low (HO = 0.54), but the inbreeding coefficient (FIS = 0.29) and the allele diversity (NA = 20) were high. Four genetic groups were distinguished, although considering the demographic structure, we propose three MUs. Conclusions: It is critical to maintain the genetic connectivity within and among MUs, which can only be achieved through cooperation between government authorities and local habitants to halt the degradation and further destruction of the remnant populations. Searching MUs allows the identification of critical areas for conservation issues for all species whose extant populations are in a fragmented landscape.
Molecular phylogenetics of the burrowing crayfish genus Fallicambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae)

Ainscough, B.J., Breinholt, J.W. , Robison, H.W. & Crandall, K.A. (2013). Molecular phylogenetics of the burrowing crayfish genus Fallicambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae). —Zoologica Scripta, 42, 306–316.
Effect of Staking and Pruning on the Growth and Yield of Cucumber ( Cucumis Sativus L.)

A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of pruning and staking on the vegetative growth and yield of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). The experiment was a 3 x 2 factorial laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. The results showed that vine length, number of flowers, total number of fruits and the number of non-marketable fruits were higher on the nonstaked treatment while staking resulted in a higher number of marketable fruits, weight, length and diameter of fruits. The unpruned plants produced the highest total number of fruits, marketable and non-marketable fruits while the weight, length and diameter of fruits were highest on one stem pruning. Staking, pruning and their interaction had no significant effect on the number of days to 50% anthesis. In Abakaliki agro-ecological zone, non-staking and non-pruning treatments produced optimum marketable yield of cucumber.
Kinetics of destabilization of soy protein foams

The kinetics of destabilization of soy protein foams was studied by monitoring the decay of interfacial area of foams as a function of time. The decay of soy protein isolate, soy 11S, and soy 7S foams followed biphasic first-order kinetics. These two kinetic phases were related to gravitational liquid drainage and interbubble gas diffusion processes. The relative magnitude of the contribution of these two microscopic processes to foam decay was dependent on environmental factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, and protein concentration. Soy isolate and soy 11S foams were more stable than soy 7S foams. The poor stability of soy 7S foam was mainly due to its inability to retard gravitational drainage.
An annotated synopsis of Taiwanese bark and ambrosia beetles, with new synonymy, new combinations and new records (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae).

The state of knowledge of Taiwanese bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is summarised to serve as a baseline for future studies of the fauna, with a checklist including information on distribution, host trees, biology and taxonomy. Six faunal elements based on geographical distribution are discussed in relation to their breeding sites and habits, and host preferences. One hundred and thirty-three species are recorded from Taiwan, of which thirtyeight are recorded for the first time. The following new synonymy is proposed: Ambrosiodmus lewisi (Blandford) (= Ozopemon tuberculatus Strohmeyer n. syn.), Anisandrus hirtus (Hagedorn) (= Xyleborus taiwanensis Browne n. syn.), Cyclorhipidion fukiensis (Eggers) (= Xyleborus tenuigraphus Schedl n. syn.), Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford) (=Orosiotes formosanus Schedl n. syn.), Diuncus haberkorni (Eggers) (=Xyleborus taichuensis Schedl n. syn.) , Dryocoetes hectographus Reitter (=Ozopemon ater Eggers n. syn., =Dryocoetes formosanus Nobuchi n. syn.), Hypothenemus taihokuensis (Schedl) (=Hypothenemus cosmoderoides Murayama n. syn.), Xyleborinus artestriatus (Eichhoff) (= Xyleborus beaveri Browne n. syn.), Xyleborus pinicola Eggers (= Xyleborus pinivorus Browne n. syn.). The synonymy of Webbia camphorae Eggers and Webbia medius Eggers with Arixyleborus rugosipes Hopkins is confirmed. The following new combinations are given: Ernoporus formosanus (Browne) from Ptilopodius Hopkins; Ambrosiophilus hunanensis (Browne), A.metanepotulus (Eggers), A. satoi (Schedl), A. subnepotulus (Eggers), Cyclorhipidion formosanus (Browne), C. fukiensis (Eggers), C. ohnoi (Browne), C. xyloteroides (Schedl), Microperus kirishimanus (Murayama), Planiculus minutus (Blandford), all originally described in Xyleborus Eichhoff. Previous records of 23 species are considered dubious and require confirmation.
Concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF -α) and interleukin-6 (IL -6) in milk from healthy and naturally infected quarters of cows

Abstract The effect of naturally acquired bacterial infection of the bovine udder on the activity of 5′-thyroxine monodeiodinase (5′- MD ), and on the concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) -6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) -α in milk, from healthy (control) and inflamed quarters, was determined. The diagnostic procedure included history and clinical examination of the udder, macroscopic evaluation of secretions, the Californian Mastitis Test, determination of somatic cell counts and bacteriological examination of milk. It has been found that the milk triiodothyronine (T 3 ) content and the 5′- MD activity from inflamed quarters were decreased when compared with controls. The decrease in the milk T 3 from subclinical mastitic quarters was manifested when somatic cell counts were >10 6 ml −1 . TNF -α was on average 2-fold higher in infected milk, and the concentration of IL -6 was unchanged. These results suggest that the decreased T 3 content in mammary secretions during naturally occurring mastitis is associated with the severity of inflammation, increased TNF -α concentration and impaired enzymatic activity of 5′- MD .
Alimentación de Coluber hippocrepis en el SE de la península Ibérica

The food habits of 214 specimens of C. hippocrepis were analyzed throughout the year in an extensive area (44000 km 2 ). This species mainly fed on vertebrates, especially mammals and reptiles which constituted more than 92% of its prey; other items included birds and invertebrates. Mammals represented more than 70% of the total prey mass. There was an ontogenetic shift in prey type; small snakes fed almost exclusively on small lizards, large snakes on rodents, although this change was gradual. There was not an ontogenetic shift in the percentage of snakes with gut contents, number of prey types or food diversity. C. hippocrepis captured relatively small prey. Most of them were taken head first, and those taken tail first were significantly smaller. We discuss the type of prey and the ontogenetic food shift in relation to the habits of this species in the south of Iberian Pcninsula.
Efeito da água residuária da suinocultura no desenvolvimento e qualidade de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla produzidas em substrato de resíduos sólidos urbanos

The objective of this study was to analyze the use of hog production wastewater in the production of seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla, using a compound of municipal solid waste (SRSU) as substrate, and evaluating the effect of different proportions of ARS and of seedling ages in their morphological and nutritional quality. The experiment was conducted in a