Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KUALITAS AUDIT BERDASARKAN SKEPTISME PROFESIONAL DAN FEE AUDIT (Studi empiris pada Kantor Akuntan Publik Kota Bandung)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas audit berdasarkan skeptisme profesional dan fee audit baik secara simultan maupun secara parsial. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada auditor di Kantor Akutan Publik di kota Bandung. Sampel dalam penelitian ini ialah 51 responden dengan teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan purposive sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa skeptisme profesional dan fee audit berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kualitas audit, sedangkan secara parsial skeptisme profesional dan fee audit berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kualitas audit. Hasil dari koefisien determinasi (R square) adalah sebesar 55,6% yang artinya skeptisme profesional dan fee audit hanya mengakibatkan atau menimbulkan adanya variabel kualitas audit sebesar 55,6%. Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 44,4% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
Structural features of cell walls from tomato cells adapted to grow on the herbicide 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile

Evidence from high‐resolution images of primary cell walls suggests that the cell wall is constructed from at least two independent yet coextensive fibrous networks, one based on cellulose/hemicellulose and the other on pectin. The ability to analyse the structure of each of these networks in isolation has been hampered by a lack of suitable biological material such as mutants. However, the recent use of the cellulose‐synthesis inhibitor 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) that prevents the formation of the cellulose‐xyloglucan network while allowing the pectin network to form a functional wall offers the unique opportunity of studying at least the pectin network independently. A range of electron microscopy techniques and a novel spectroscopy method are used to study the walls from tomato suspension cells adapted to growth on DCB. Measurements of the minimum cell wall thickness derived from thin sections of dehydrated walls show that the marked reduction in level of the cellulose/hemicellulose network affects neither the thickness of the wall formed, nor the apparent spacing of pectin molecules. However, images obtained by the fast‐freeze, deep‐etch, rotary‐shadowed (FDR) replica technique show that the three‐dimensional architecture of these pectin‐rich walls is very different from that of nonadapted walls. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy data and immunogold‐labelling studies provide additional evidence that supports the previous biochemical data.
The effects of emergence and submergence on the photosynthesis and respiration of marine macrophytes

Abstract Respiration and gross and net photosynthesis were measured for three species of intertidal algae growing at 10 and 18°C when they were submerged and emerged. Evidence that the high intertidal alga, Fucus distichus is physiologically well adapted for its position in the intertidal zone comes from the following observations: (1) maximum gross and net photosynthesis were greater for emerged than submerged thalli; (2) net photosynthesis for emerged thalli was a maximum at 20% desiccation; (3) only above 50% desiccation did net photosynthesis steadily decrease. The representative of the low intertidal region, Iridaea cordata, appears to be better adapted for submergence than emergence since values of maximum gross and net photosynthesis for submerged thalli were always greater than when emerged. When this alga was emerged, respiration was greater than when submerged. Ulva fenestrata, a low to mid-intertidal alga, exhibited an intermediate response to submergence and emergence, in terms of net photosyn.
CYTOLOGICAL DIPLOIDIZATION IN THE CULTIVATED OCTOPLOID STRAWBERRY FRAGARIA × ANANASSA

Chromosome pairing during meiosis was studied in 9 cultivated genotypes and 32 seedlings produced by selfing several different genotypes of the octoploid strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch. (2n = 8x = 56). In all genotypes studied the chromosomes paired exclusively as bivalents indicating cytological diploidization. Meiotic studies of one of the S1 plants, which was completely sterile, revealed that the chromosomes were paired at pachytene but desynapsed during diplotene, so that very little bivalent association was observed in late prophase of meiosis. The pairing in the F. × ananassa × F. nubicola pentaploid hybrids showed an average of 11.6 bivalents per PMC and frequent multivalent formation. There is thus an indication of residual homology between the ancestral genomes of the octoploid strawberry.
Changes in gene expression of Scots pine buds during the winter and under experimentally altered light and temperature conditions

Vegetative buds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were collected during the apparently dormant phase in January and February and at the beginning of the growth phase in May. Wintering Scots pine plants were placed in climate chambers in which either the daily photoperiod or the temperature simulated the situation in early spring, whereas the other conditions were characteristic of midwinter. The amount of total ribosome populations and their in vitro translation capacities were independent of the height of the tree or place of collection, but both were dependent on the season; the amount of ribosomes per fresh weight of buds was lower in spring than in winter, whereas the translation capacity in spring exceeded that in winter. Poly(A)+ RNA was purified from the ribosomes and translated in vitro and the translation products were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The polypeptide patterns proved that changes in gene expression can occur in plants growing outdoors even during the season of severe cold. In the climate chamber experiments, lengthening of the daily photoperiod increased the in vitro translation capacity of the buds within 7 days even at temperatures below 0°C, whereas a rise in temperature seemed to cause a more transient stress effect. Both treatments induced alterations in the pattern of in vitro polypeptide synthesis. It is suggested that while improvements in both light and temperature hastened the development of the buds under experimental growth conditions, the lengthening of the day may be the factor which induces a change in wintertime metabolism under natural conditions.
Controlling invasive plant species in ecological restoration: A global review

1. Invasive plant species can hinder the establishment and growth of native plants and impact several ecosystem properties, such as soil cover, nutrient cycling, fire regimes and hydrology. Controlling invasive plants is then a necessary, yet usually expensive, step towards the restoration of an ecosystem. A synthesis of literature is needed to understand variation in invasive plants' impacts and their practical control in restoration contexts, and to identify associated knowledge gaps. 2. We reviewed 372 articles published from 2000 to 2019 covering the control of undesirable plants (both exotic invasive and overabundant native plant species) in ecological restoration to gather information on the main plants being controlled and methods used, and considering the distribution of studies among biomes and countries grouped according to the Human Development Index (HDI). 3. Grasses and forbs were the most-studied invasive plant species in restoration sites, but invasive trees were well studied in the tropics. Poaceae and Asteraceae were the most studied families of invasive plants. Non-chemical interventions (mostly mowing and prescribed fire) were used in more than half of the reviewed studies globally,
The emotional pay-off of staying gritty: linking grit with social-emotional learning and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT There is a dearth of research on how alternative models of grit predict well-being outcomes. In this research, we examine associations among the Triarchic Model of Grit dimensions (i.e. perseverance of effort, consistency of interests, and adaptability to situations) and positive and negative emotions. We also explore the mediating role of social-emotional learning in these relationships. Data collected from 1351 high school students from the Philippines showed that perseverance and adaptability were positively related to social-emotional learning, while consistency was negatively associated with social-emotional learning. Further analysis showed that perseverance and adaptability were indirectly related to positive emotions via social-emotional learning. Overall, these findings demonstrate the need to adopt culturally-sensitive models of grit for student populations in Asian cultural contexts.
Growth and Nutrient Uptake Responses of Kinnow to Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

In a field experiment, three-year-old Kinnow trees budded on Jatti Katti (C. jambhiri) rootstock were inoculated by three different arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), Glomus manihotis (T1), Glomus mosseae (T2), and Gigaspora gigantia (T3), separately or in combination (T4). Microscopic assessment of AM colonization on Kinnow roots showed a relatively lower level of infection by different species when inoculated separately than when inoculaed together. Application of AM improved growth parameters like plant height, canopy volume, mean leaf area, and number of new shoots per plant but had no effect on trunk diameter, number of leaf per new shoot and new shoot diameter. Flowering phenology was also altered by AM infection. The infected plants produced more flowers which despite abscission caused an increase in the initial number of fruits. AM inoculation increased plant phosphorous in T3, potassium in T1, T2, T3, calcium in T2, T3, T4, and the AM-nutrient relationship did not reveal any generalized pattern. Inoculated plants, however, had higher concentration of different elements by the second year of the experiment indicating towards the continuous and cumulative effect of AM infection on plant nutrient accumulation. Further, the beneficial effects of AM on Kinnow were not related to the difference in the species of mycorrhiza.
Achieving Channel Capacity of Visible Light Communication

In this article, we propose an efficient inexact gradient descent method to obtain the channel capacity-achieving input distribution of visible light communication (VLC). Under both a peak and an average optical power constraints, finding the channel capacity of VLC is formulated as a mixed continuous-discrete optimization problem without an analytical expression of the objective function. To solve this challenging problem, we first adopt the numerical integration method to approximate the objective function and its gradient. Here, we prove that the gaps between the original functions and the approximations can be arbitrarily small. Then, based on the approximated functions, we describe the method, and theoretically show that the obtained solution sequence converges to the channel capacity-achieving discrete distribution of VLC. We also provide simulation results to verify the effectiveness and optimality of the proposed method. More importantly, the simulations numerically reveal that on-off keying (OOK) modulation achieves the capacity of VLC channel at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), while pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) achieves the capacity at high SNR.
The importance of the United Kingdom for wintering gulls: population estimates and conservation requirements

Capsule The UK supported over 3.8 million wintering gulls in 2003/04–2005/06. Aims To provide new winter population estimates for Great Britain, its constituent countries, Northern Ireland, Channel Islands and Isle of Man, for five species of gull. Methods Observers undertook counts of gulls at roosts across three winters. Population estimates were produced by combining counts from key inland and coastal sites and estimates derived from stratified random sampling of inland tetrads and coastal stretches. Results Over 3.8 million gulls were estimated to winter in the UK and its near-shore coastal waters, a total that, due to more comprehensive methods, adds appreciably to previous estimates. Results inform conservation listings and required site-based conservation measures. Twenty sites held internationally important numbers of individual species and 37 internationally important assemblages and provisionally could qualify as Special Protection Areas for gulls alone. Forty-nine sites held nationally important numbers of particular species and provisionally could be notified as Sites/Areas of Special Scientific Interest solely for their importance for gulls. Conclusions Given the importance of the UK for wintering gulls and the declining status of some species, there is a clear requirement to consider measures and information needs that would provide for their conservation.
Hepatitis C virus core protein activates the MAPK/ERK cascade synergistically with tumor promoter TPA, but not with epidermal growth factor or transforming growth factor α

Persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although the mechanism of HCV‐related hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclear. Recently, however, the close relationships between the development of HCC and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase (ERK) cascade have been described. In the present study, we investigated the effects of HCV core protein on this MAPK/ERK cascade. HCV core protein significantly activated the MAPK/ERK cascade, including Elk1. We also examined whether HCV core protein acted synergistically along with hepatocyte mitogen‐mediated MAPK/ERK activation. Interestingly, Elk‐1 activities were further enhanced by the tumor promoter, 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl phorbol 13‐acetate (TPA), but not by hepatocyte mitogens (epidermal growth factor [EGF] and transforming growth factor α [TGF‐α]) in NIH3T3 cells and HepG2 cells expressing HCV core protein. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK activation by HCV core protein was blocked in the presence of the specific MEK1 inhibitor, PD98059. These results indicate that ERK activation by HCV core protein may be independent of hepatocyte mitogen‐mediated signaling but synergistic with TPA, and HCV core protein may function at MEK1 or farther upstream of that component.
Response of barley to root colonization by Pseudomonas sp. DSMZ 13134 under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions

Beneficial rhizobacteria strains are of substantial interest as biological plant protection agents in agriculture. Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas have been studied for many years for their role in plant growth and biocontrol. In this study, we analyzed the influence of the commercially available agent Proradix®, which contains the strain Pseudomonas sp. DSMZ 13134, on barley. In controlled infection experiments, we showed that Pseudomonas sp. DSMZ 13134 induces resistance to the barley leaf pathogen Rhynchosporium secalis and inhibits the growth of the barley root pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis. In greenhouse experiments, Pseudomonas sp. DSMZ 13134-treated plants showed enhanced growth and yield under nutrient deprivation. In field trials, an increase of yield and straw weight was observed. While the quality of grains, as determined by starch and protein content, was not affected, the yield increased by up to 20%. Our results demonstrate the value of Pseudomonas sp. DSMZ 13134 in agronomical applications for barley.
Identifying the Socio-Spatial Logics of Foreclosed Housing Accumulated by Large Private Landlords in Post-Crisis Catalan Cities

The article analyses the socio-spatial logic behind the accumulation of foreclosed housing in the hands of large private landlords in the neighbourhoods of all the Catalan cities with over 100,000 inhabitants. Spatial regression and clustering techniques are applied to identify the determinants of the concentration patterns of 10,725 housing units in these cities. The socioeconomic variables, such as income level, percentage of foreign population, level of studies or percentage of unemployed residents, are identified as key explanatory factors of clustering of foreclosures in working-class neighbourhoods. A high presence of previously mortgaged homes is a variable especially relevant in the case of working-class neighbourhoods, but it has no incidence in the case of the medium-high class neighbourhoods. Our findings provide a detailed urban geography of the housing accumulated by banks which, at the same time, correspond to areas in which the vulture funds are focusing their business in the present and in the forthcoming years. New evidences of the spatial logic of the housing crisis and detailed information for the understanding of the new scenarios that have emerged during the post-crisis phase are revealed.
Possible role of molecular mimicry in pathogenesis of Ebola virus: implications for a rational vaccine design

Ebola Virus (EBOV) presents a challenge for vaccine development because immune correlates of protection in humans are not well known. In earlier studies we developed a concept of local similarity which refers to resemblance of structural patterns of unrelated proteins as a function of their amino acid composition. The search for local similarities between human and EBOV proteins was performed. The resemblance of NP protein of EBOV to vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, which play a key role in the regulation of vascular permeability, was identified. A high degree of local similarity of Ebola GP protein with the tactile protein of the T-cell surface was also revealed. The similarity of the Ebola VP24 protein fragment with complement receptor type 1 (CD35 antigen) appears to be correlated with early activation of complement in lethal Ebola fever. This finding supports our prior studies indicating that VP24 determines the difference between lethal and non-lethal strains of EBOV. Several other similarities of potential significance were identified that might play an important role in the aetiology of Ebola-induced disease. In conclusion, local similarities between EBOV and human host proteins may provide a key to rational design of safe and effective filovirus vaccines. Such a vaccine must be free from epitopes that could potentially trigger Ebola-like hemorrhagic fever due to an autoimmune reaction induced by vaccination and other unanticipated adversities.
Physical Properties of Mixed Dairy Food Proteins

Foods may contain more than one type of protein, and food formulators sometimes combine different proteins for desired synergistic textural benefits. Egg albumin, fish protein isolate, or soy protein isolate were blended with calcium caseinate or whey protein isolate and mixed in water adjusted to pH 2.5, 6.8, and 9.0 at 25 or 60°C. The effect of pH and temperature on solubility, viscosity, and the structure of the resulting gels were determined. The viscosity at the most soluble concentration at 25°C were: egg albumin (175.2 mPa.s/35 wt%), fish protein isolate (2207.4 mPa.s/30 wt%), soy protein isolate (2531.5 mPa.s/10 wt%), calcium caseinate (1115.8 mPa.s/15 wt%), and whey protein isolate (161.2 mPa.s/35%). In mixed protein systems viscosity values were reduced. The values for calcium caseinate or whey protein isolate with egg albumin, at the protein level of 15 g/100 g were: calcium caseinate/egg albumin (10:5 wt%) 535.1 mPa.s and whey protein isolate/egg albumin (10:5 wt%) 8.7 mPa.s. Microscopy imaging revealed changes in protein aggregation clusters during heating of calcium caseinate, egg albumin, and whey protein isolate. Egg albumin acted synergistically to increase viscosity, while fish protein isolate acted antagonistically to reduce viscosity. This knowledge is useful to manufacturers who may seek to enhance food texture by blending different proteins.
Evaluation of a 12.0‐inch Minimum Length Limit on Smallmouth Bass in the Maquoketa River, Iowa

Abstract A 12.0-in minimum length limit for smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) was assessed from 1980 to 1982 on a segment of the Maquoketa River, Iowa. The regulation was adopted in 1980 to control the harvest of bass, as recommended in an earlier investigation designed to identify management needs for smallmouth bass. Size structure of the bass population increased progressively, from a Proportional Stock Density of 14% in spring 1980 to 35% by the spring of 1982. However, a statistical analysis of seasonal changes indicated the improvement was not significant when compared to populations in years of no length limit. Total annual mortality of smallmouth bass averaged 53%, a reduction of 27% from previous years. Spring population densities of bass in the study area averaged 40 bass/acre (10.3 lbs/acre). A decline in bass population density and standing stock was noted, but poor year-class success in 1978, 1979, and 1981 was responsible; a substantial year class was not produced until 1982. No advers.
Ecological segregation of Adelie, gentoo, and chinstrap penguins at King George Island, Antarctica

Ecological segregation among Adelie, Gentoo, and Chinstrap penguins dur- ing summer results from differences in breeding chronology, foraging behaviors, and life history tactics. To determine the importance of these factors in segregating the niches of the three species, we collected data on their population size, breeding success, breeding chronology, feeding frequency, and foraging range. Gentoo Penguins feed inshore and are deep divers. Their small populations probably reflect the comparatively large amount of food they need to rear chicks and the small foraging range that is dictated by short nest relief schedules and nonfasting behaviors. Their deep diving ability enables them to exploit a niche that is unavailable to their more abundant congeners. Adelie and Chinstrap penguins are shallow-diving, offshore foragers that avoid competition by differences in breeding chronology, prebreeder behaviors, and molting strategies. Adelie chicks fledge just as Chinstrap chicks reach creche age. Different migration times and molting locations further reduce niche overlap. The ultimate factors responsible for this trophic segregation may be unrelated to these proximate factors, however. Nonmigratory behavior, short nest reliefs, nonfasting, and slow growth of chicks may be adaptations to the mild conditions experienced by Gentoo Penguins in their sub-Antarctic range. The differences in Adelie and Chinstrap breeding time may reflect adaptation of Adelies to early breeding in the harsh, short summer of the continental Antarctic, and adaptation of Chinstraps to later breeding in the milder Maritime Antarctic. We found no evidence to suggest that the niches of the Pygoscelis penguins were influenced by competition for food, and suggest that adaptation to conditions in the center of their respective distributions is the primary cause affecting ecological segregation in areas of sympatry.