Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Recreational Marijuana Sales Legalization on Workplace Injuries: Evidence from Oregon∗

Recreational marijuana will soon be available to nearly 1 in 4 Americans under state statutes. This paper estimates the impact of the recreational marijuana sales legalization (RML) on workplace injuries. Using restricted-useWorkers’ Compensation claims as a proxy for injuries, I exploit variation in the county level implementation of recreational marijuana law in Oregon. Local governments could implement bans if less than 45% voters in their jurisdiction voted in favor of RML. In order to identify the casual impact of RML, I first utilize Difference-inDifference strategy to compare the injury rate before and after RML for high exposure counties to the same difference for low exposure counties. To relax the parallel trends assumption, I use a data-driven procedure, known as the Synthetic Control Method to construct suitable comparison groups. Lastly, I exploit variation in the vote share rule near the cutoff under a Regression Discontinuity Design. My estimates suggest workplace injury rate is approximately 5%-20% higher for treated relative to control counties post-RML. It also suggests that RML increases work injury costs roughly by $7 to $34 million (or $5 to $24 per capita) per year. Overall, my results suggest recreational marijuana sales legalization may come at the expense of workplace injury. ∗I am grateful to my advisors, Jeffrey Kubik and Gary Engelhardt, for their continued guidance and support. I also thank Dan Black, Arindrajit Dube, David Green, David Neumark, Perry Singleton, and seminar participants at University of Hawaii, Oregon State University for their valuable suggestions and comments. I appreciate the assistance of the Oregon Department of Consumer and Business Services, Oregon Workers’ Compensation Department and Oregon Liquor Control Commission for their data support. The statements, findings, conclusions, views, and opinions contained and expressed herein are not necessarily those of Oregon Workers’ Compensation Department or any of its affiliated or subsidiary entities. All errors are on my own. †Dong: Department of Economics, Syracuse University, xdong102@syr . edu.
Power of Personalized Smoking Cessation: A Quantitative Lifecycle Framework for Policy Evaluation

Increasing medical evidence suggests that smokers’responsiveness to medication treatment depends on genetic markers, but it remains unexplored whether personalized treatment in smoking cessation is cost-effective. We address this knowledge gap by developing a lifecycle model with various dimensions of heterogeneities and behavioral considerations, where health capital evolution and life expectancy are endogenously determined by individuals’smoking, health investment and consumption-savings decisions. We calibrate the model and evaluate three smoking cessation policies. We find personalized treatment the most cost-effective: for each dollar of program cost, it generates $4.59 value in effectiveness, which is 21-44% higher than those under standard treatments.
APPROACHING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH ENERGY MANAGEMENT, THE CASE OF FOTO, CAMEROON

This work is aimed at defining a possible solution for sustainable energy development in the Menoua Department, West Cameroon. The aim of the cooperation between ALA Milano Onlus and the Biomass Energy Efficiency Laboratory of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia was to analyze the case study in order to propose a solution for energy production capable of meeting the needs of the Cameroonian society while also heading towards a sustainable development. Primary researches suggested that the most viable solution was to integrate the corn processing with the gasification of the cobs. The thermo-conversion process was modeled with a black-box approach, the results of the model were further compared with the energy required for corn processing, therefore demonstrating the sustainability and virtuosity of the chosen solution. A commercial 20 kWel gasifier was chosen and it will supply electrical power to three central buildings: the city hall, the Chaufferie and the school. This solution is a security measure assuring continue power supply to these vital buildings. Furthermore, it will bind the relation between the rural and the city areas trough the energy exchange process.
Surprise! Out-of-Network Billing for Emergency Care in the United States

In the United States, hospitals and physicians independently negotiate contracts with insurers. Therefore, a privately insured individual can be treated at an in-network hospital’s emergency department but receive a large unexpected bill from an out-of-network emergency physician working at that facility. Because patients do not choose their emergency physician, emergency physicians can remain out of network and charge high prices without losing patient volume. We illustrate that this strong outside option improves physicians’ bargaining power with insurers. We conclude by analyzing New York’s efforts to address out-of-network billing through binding arbitration between physicians and insurers over out-of-network payments. This intervention reduced out-of-network billing by 12.8 percentage points (88%).
Perceived Influence of the Use of Youtube on the Performance of Undergraduates in Phonetics and Phonology in Babcock University

This study looked into the influence of YouTube use on students‟ performance in phonetics and phonology in Babcock University. Phonetics and phonology are intricate aspects of language. Everyone that speaks or writes uses phonetics and phonology. As an academic subject of study, English students are required to attain a certain level of proficiency in both. The study was carried out among Babcock University students in the departments of Education and Languages and Literary Studies. The main population of the research included all 200, 300 and 400 level students in both departments. To achieve the objectives of this study, four research questions and two hypotheses were composed. A questionnaire designed by the researcher was used to collect data in order to draw inference on the project and the responses were analyzed using regression analysis and independent t-test. As a result of the study, it was established that the majority of students in Babcock University have access to internet facilities, knowledge on how to use them and they also use YouTube to enhance their learning of Phonetics and phonology. The study was concluded with the recommendation that students should consult YouTube before attending classes, not after. The researcher also recommends that teachers encourage their students to use YouTube more often to increase their performance in phonetics and phonology.
Effect of Oral Administration of Three Different Phytobiotics on Growth Performance of Locally-Adapted Turkeys

Poultry play a significant role in the livelihoods of the rural populace especially in the developing countries of world. It is a vital source of high quality animal protein for the growing population, and provides additional income to meet household needs [1,2]. Turkey production is an important and highly profitable aspect in the poultry industry with a rising global demand for its products [3]. However, turkey production in less developed economy is far below desirable levels mainly due to the menace of infectious diseases and poor management.
Learning Motivation in Biology: Based on Gender and Academic Abilities

Several factors influence student learning outcomes in Biology. One of them is learning motivation. This research is a descriptive and correlation study that aims to describe and analyze students' motivation in learning Biology based on gender and academic ability. The sample of this study was grade 10 students of senior high school in Kupang City, namely: SMAN 5, SMAN 4, and SMAN 1. The determination of school samples and class samples is done by random sampling. The research instrument used the MSLQ motivation questionnaire that was developed and validated by Duncan and McKeachie (2005), while the data of learning outcomes obtained from summative test scores. The results obtained that the average motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) of students: 1) women are higher than male students, and 2) academic ability is higher than students with lower academic ability, and 3) extrinsic motivation has a very significant correlation with intrinsic motivation and learning outcomes, for gender and academic ability. The results of this study indicate that an appropriate learning strategy is needed to minimize gender differences and academic ability to foster student learning motivation, which ultimately impacts on learning outcomes.
Characteristics of patients at initiation of renal replacement therapy - experience of a hemodialysis center

The monitoring and care of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) before the dialysis initiation contribute to a better survival rate and an improvement in quality of life. The patients who do not benefit from a good predialysis management have a worse short and long-term prognosis. A retrospective, unicentric study was performed to evaluate the status of patients with stage 5 CKD at the time of initiation of renal replacement treatment. A total of 109 patients were included in the study. The evaluation of the patients included the clinical manifestations leading to hemodialysis initiation, the clinical and laboratory data of the patients when the hemodialysis was started. Based on the obtained data, a statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis H test. The mean age of the patients was 64.61±13.59 years. Of the patients 51.38% were women. Vascular nephropathies and diabetes mellitus dominated the etiology of CKD. The comorbidities were high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease, history of myocardial infarction, heart failure, history of stroke, peripheral artery disease or atrial fibrillation. Only 43 (39.45%) of our patients were monitored before the hemodialysis initiation. Hemodialysis was initiated on central venous catheter (in most cases non-tunneled) in 78.90% of the patients. Most of the patients had an altered general status, fatigue/tiredness with poor exercise capacity when hemodialysis was initiated. Most of the patients (98.17%) had anemia, the average level of hemoglobin being 8.69±1.85 g/dl. In conclusion, careful monitoring of patients in the early stages of CKD would result in lower morbidity and mortality. These objectives can be achieved by implementing screening programs and early interventions.
Winners and losers – Changes in the bird population on removing cattle from woodland near Paterson NSW

In the absence of grazing the understorey vegetation increased, changing the foraging opportunities for many bird species. This resulted in a temporary increase in the number of types of birds recorded, but after a mid-study peak the number of species recorded decreased to its initial level. However, there were substantial differences between the bird assemblages at the start and end of the study. These differences were explained in terms of differences in the foraging behaviour of individual species (e.g. birds which foraged on the ground were disadvantaged by dense understorey vegetation).
Ablation-CAM: Visual Explanations for Deep Convolutional Network via Gradient-free Localization

In response to recent criticism of gradient-based visualization techniques, we propose a new methodology to generate visual explanations for deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) - based models. Our approach – Ablation-based Class Activation Mapping (Ablation CAM) uses ablation analysis to determine the importance (weights) of individual feature map units w.r. t. class. Further, this is used to produce a coarse localization map highlighting the important regions in the image for predicting the concept. Our objective and subjective evaluations show that this gradient-free approach works better than state-of-the-art Grad-CAM technique. Moreover, further experiments are carried out to show that Ablation-CAM is class discriminative as well as can be used to evaluate trust in a model.
Syntheses of Coordination Compounds of (±)-2-Amino-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Propionic Acid, Mixed Ligand Complexes and Their Biological Activities

Coordination compounds of (±)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid and their mixed ligand complexes with 1,10-phenantroline were synthesized, characterized using electronic and infrared spectral analyses and magnetic susceptibility. The compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Four different assays were applied for evaluating antioxidant capacity of the compounds. The results obtained indicated a diametric square planar geometry for both cobalt (±)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid complex and its mixed ligand complex. It was suggested that for the binary cobalt(II) complex, the phenolic substituent coordinated with neighbouring central metal ions. However, for the ternary cobalt(II) complex it was suggested it was deprotonated. Octahedral geometry was proposed for both copper complexes. Square planar geometry was indicated for the nickel (±)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid complex and a mixture of square planar and octahedral geometry for the nickel mixed ligand complex. The cobalt mixed ligand complex elicited the highest activity for all the antioxidant assays. In most cases the binary complexes exhibited better antimicrobial activities relative to their ternary counterparts.
MotionRec: A Unified Deep Framework for Moving Object Recognition

In this paper we present a novel deep learning framework to perform online moving object recognition (MOR) in streaming videos. The existing methods for moving object detection (MOD) only computes class-agnostic pixel-wise binary segmentation of video frames. On the other hand, the object detection techniques do not differentiate between static and moving objects. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first attempt for simultaneous localization and classification of moving objects in a video, i.e. MOR in a single-stage deep learning framework. We achieve this by labelling axis-aligned bounding boxes for moving objects which requires less computational resources than producing pixel-level estimates. In the proposed MotionRec, both temporal and spatial features are learned using past history and current frames respectively. First, the background is estimated with a temporal depth reductionist (TDR) block. Then the estimated background, current frame and temporal median of recent observations are assimilated to encode spatiotemporal motion saliency. Moreover, feature pyramids are generated from these motion saliency maps to perform regression and classification at multiple levels of feature abstractions. MotionRec works online at inference as it requires only few past frames for MOR. Moreover, it doesn’t require predefined target initialization from user. We also annotated axis-aligned bounding boxes (42,614 objects (14,814 cars and 27,800 person) in 24,923 video frames of CDnet 2014 dataset) due to lack of available benchmark datasets for MOR. The performance is observed qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of mAP over a defined unseen test set. Experiments show that the proposed MotionRec significantly improves over strong baselines with RetinaNet architectures for MOR.
Grid Monitoring using Solar SCADA Dataset

: Grid is framed as a planned nationwide network that makes use of information so as to deliver electricity in an efficient, reliable and secure manner. This entire electrical system is very difficult to monitor because any rise or fall of electrical impulses, in this system may result in the damage of highly expensive electrical components, as a result causes failure to an entire system. Therefore, there is dire need of controlling such damage of these synchronous machines and other component appliances so that these failures are avoided, which may result in loss of life and property. We have used various data mining approaches on a SCADA dataset which has been derived from solar electric power plant and is being monitored by grid station. The data pertains to the real time values pertaining to voltage and current. The proposed research uses this real time data for constructing a probabilistic model to respond to the above problem in a very intelligent manner
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives among Clinical Sciences Students, University of Bradford, UK

work carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author ED contributed to the conception and designed the study. Author ED helped in the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data and the drafted the manuscript. Author MAAM contributed to the analysis and interpretation of data and the drafting of the manuscript. Both authors participated in the critical revision of the the final ABSTRACT Aim: To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practice of Clinical Sciences students at the University of Bradford, UK towards Long-acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice) of LARC among Clinical Sciences students at the University of Bradford, UK during Jan-Feb 2016. Female students of all stages (Foundation year, Year 1 to Year 3; n=228) of Clinical Sciences Department were invited to participate in the study. A self-completed paper-based questionnaire was developed by the researcher and 147 questionnaires were completed. Results: Low uptake of LARCs (10.2%) and knowledge of contraceptive efficacy were found. Students contraceptive efficacy most important factor for contraceptive choice. Students were highly likely to use emergency contraception (78.9%) but unlikely to terminate an unwanted pregnancy (39.5%). Conclusion: Students’ knowledge of contraception requires improvement to maximise the uptake of LARCs and thus student welfare. Further research is also required.
STUDY THE INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP. FILTRATE AGAINST SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION IN- VITRO

Evaluation in vitro antibacterial activity of Bifidobacterium spp filtrate against some pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with diagnostic and therapeutic cardiac catheterization. A total of 45 samples were collected from dairy products to isolated Bifidobacterium spp and sample collection of cardiac catheterization and estimate the inhibition activity of Bifidobacterium spp filtrate against staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, E coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Proteus mirabilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens isolated from cardiac catheterization by wells in agar.All of which showed notable sensitivity to the Bifidobacterium spp bacteria filtrate where inhibition diameters ranged between (24,25,21,24,22,32) mm, E.coli bacteria were more affected compared to other species. Bifidobacterium spp. Filtrate have antibacterial activity against the bacteria S.aureus , S.epidermidis , K.pneumoniae , E.coli , P.aeruginosa , P.mirabilis , Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens, isolated from cardiac catheterization.
Foreign aid, grassroots activism, and the strength of applied community studies in aid-receiving countries: the case of community psychology

What influences the strength of community psychology as an academic and professional field in countries receiving foreign aidq What impact does aid itself haveq While capacity development is a major focus for donor countries and other international development agencies, there has been no empirical study of the relationship of aid to the strength of applied social research training in recipient countries. We coded the strength of community psychology in 67 aid-receiving nations and analyzed the factors predicting it, including nonviolent activism and development aid. As hypothesized according to dependency theory, aid is negatively correlated to the strength of community psychology in each country, and significantly explains the variance of the strength of the discipline over and above the influence of GDP per capita, income inequality, educational infrastructure, civil liberties, and nonviolent activism. We also find that the less aid received, the more strongly nonviolent activism predicts the strength of community psychology. Based on the case study literature, our findings support the observation that aid is managed in ways that exclude locally trained researchers and practitioners. We hypothesize how this might occur and offer suggestions for further qualitative research.
Social Innovation and the Digital Competence of University Graduates in Nigeria

: Digital competence is vital for every graduate to participate successfully and to stay relevant in today’s fast-paced digital age, therefore, the development of digital competence is seen as a critical part of university education where students are taught how to use digital skill for day-to-day applicationsand for active participation in the society. There has been growing interest among researchers across the globe on how to enhance the digital competence of graduates. This study thus investigated the effect of the social innovation dimension on the digital competence of university graduates in Nigeria. The population comprised 36,494youth corps members deployed to serve in six selected states which represented the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Through a multistage sampling technique, 533 out of the study population were sampled for the study. Five hundred and thirty-three copies of a validated questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient ranging from 0.750 to 0.937were administered to the sample. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Findings revealed that social innovative dimensions had a positive and significant effect on the digital competence of university graduates in Nigeria ( Adj. R 2 = 0.264, F ( 4, 510)= 47.181, p < 0.05) . The findings further showed that digital innovation (B = 0.411, t = 8.476, p = 0.001) had positive and significant effect on the digital competence of university graduates, educational innovation (B = 0.085, t = 1.226, p = 0.221) and agricultural innovation (B = 0.024, t = 0.721, p = 0.471) had positive but insignificant effect on the digital competence of university graduates, while entrepreneurship education (B = -0.090, t = -1.951, p = 0.052) had negative and insignificant effect on the digital competence of university graduates in Nigerian. The study, therefore, recommended that higher institutions should provide appropriate digital tools and facilities through social innovation that will give students access to manage, integrate, evaluate, analyze and synthesize digital resources for personal and professional needs as well as enhance their employability skills and increases job opportunities.
Enhancing protective factors in South African adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS

ABSTRACT This article explores the lived experiences of early adolescents orphaned by HIV/AIDS and seeks to identify the different factors that contribute to resilience at the individual, family or home and larger community levels. Ten early adolescents aged from 12 to 14 years living in Soweto, South Africa, participated in the study. Data were collected using photovoice, structured interviews and autobiographical essays and were analysed using thematic networks analysis. The analysis revealed individual assets, family variables, peer and teacher support alongside other community resources as being protective factors that cultivate resilience. Based on the findings, recommendations are made on how to increase protective factors for adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS.