Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mothers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Fears About Dental Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study

Objectives: This study aimed to assess mothers′ knowledge of coronavirus disease 2019 and to evaluate their attitudes and fears about dental visits during the pandemic. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire, developed in English and Arabic, adapted from previous questionnaires was remotely applied to a sample of 833 mothers of children aged 17 years and younger, from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Eligible participants were encouraged to invite others. The questionnaire collected information on knowledge about COVID-19, dental visit patterns, willingness of mothers to take their children to the dentist, and factors affecting it during the pandemic. Frequencies and percentages of categorical variables were presented, and predictors of willingness to visit a dentist during the pandemic were examined by logistic regression. Results: Mothers who perceived the dental clinic to be of less or similar danger to public places were more willing to take their children to the dentist during the pandemic than were those who perceived it to be more dangerous (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–7.0; OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1–4.8, respectively). Mothers who were willing to go to the dentist during the pandemic were more likely to take their children to the dentist compared with mothers who were not willing to go themselves, OR = 16.9 (6.0–47.1). The most commonly reported barrier to visiting the dental clinic was fear of contracting the virus from someone there (80%). Most parents did not take their child to the dentist during the pandemic (83%), and 24% of those who had an appointment did not allow their children to attend. Conclusion: Mothers were unlikely to take their children to the dentist except for an emergency and perceived the dental clinic as a risky place for contracting the virus. More reassuring information about infection control measures at dental clinics should be delivered to this population.
Caregiving in Quarantine: Evaluating the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Adult Child Informal Caregivers of a Parent

Informal caregivers form a shadow workforce projected to become even more essential as the U.S. population ages. Most are untrained in the role and manage caregiving with competing life demands that compound burden and threaten the welfare of the older adults in their care. The 12-item Zarit Burden Interview measure was employed to investigate differences in subjective burden before and during the Covid-19 pandemic among adult children who are primary informal caregivers of a parent. Additionally, this study explored family composition to determine if the presence of siblings or dependent children affected burden scores. A convenience sample (N = 77) reported significantly more burden since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic when compared to pre-pandemic burden. Since the pandemic began, those with living siblings reported less burden than those without siblings, while there was no difference in burden between sandwich generation caregivers and those providing care only for a parent. This study’s results point to the role family plays in resilience during a crisis and emphasizes the need to promote efficient supports and networks to alleviate caregiver burden.
Roles of the MYST Family in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease via Histone or Non-histone Acetylation

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and a major cause of death among elderly individuals. The etiology of AD involves a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. A number of epigenetic alterations in AD have recently been reported; for example, studies have found an increase in histone acetylation in patients with AD and the protective function of histone deacetylase inhibitors. The histone acetylases in the MYST family are involved in a number of key nuclear processes, such as gene-specific transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, and DNA damage response. Therefore, it is not surprising that they contribute to epigenetic regulation as an intermediary between genetic and environmental factors. MYST proteins also exert acetylation activity on non-histone proteins that are closely associated with the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of the roles of MYST acetyltransferases in physiological functions and pathological processes related to AD. Additionally, using published RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and ChIP-chip data, we identified enriched pathways to further evaluate the correlation between MYST and AD. The recent research described in this review supports the importance of epigenetic modifications and the MYST family in AD, providing a basis for future functional studies.
The Effects of Local Food-Based Enteral Nutrition to Improve Nutritional Status of Post-Stroke Patients

Abstract Objective We used local-based enteral formula for post-stroke patients to see its effects on the nutritional status. Materials and Methods This is an experimental research with a pre- and post-test study design in post-stroke patients. Participants underwent clinical and laboratory examinations to assess their nutritional status before and after the enteral nutrition supplementation. The enteral formula preparation, containing arrowroot powder, cork fish, tempeh (fermented soybeans), nondairy creamer, and pumpkin, was performed in a nationally standardized Food Processing Technology Laboratory in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The enteral formula was given twice a day for 3 consecutive weeks in addition to the patients’ daily meal. Statistical Analysis Nutritional indices before and after enteral nutrition supplementation were analyzed using t-test. All statistical analyses were at 5% significance level. Results Of the 22 post-stroke patients, we used the cutoff point of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥3 and Barthel Index <90 to represent dependency. Our findings showed significantly reduced mid-upper arm circumference and increased body mass index in independent post-stroke patients after the enteral nutrition supplementation. The tendency of increasing total cholesterol level should be carefully watched in dependent post-stroke patients. Conclusion Local food-based enteral nutrition supplementation for 3 consecutive weeks in post-stroke patients may improve their nutritional status.
Survey of Mental Health of Dentists in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK

Aim: To assess the impact of work-related changes on the mental health (MH) of dentists during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Materials and Methods: Dentists involved in certain treatments, for example, high-speed drilling procedures, generate infectious aerosols. These Aerosol Generating Procedures (AGPs) are at the highest risk of transmission of coronavirus. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant number of dentists in the UK were restricted from providing treatments to reduce the risk of viral transmission. Some of the dentists providing urgent dental treatment were involved in AGPs. Significant and sudden changes in the delivery of dental care in the current pandemic may have impacted the MH of dentists. An online survey was conducted, using validated tools to measure the MH symptoms and stress. Pearson’s chi-squared test of independence was used for statistical analysis. Results: Overall, 123 dentists participated in the survey. The prevalence of anxiety-related symptoms was 71% (95% CI 0.62–0.78), depression-related symptoms was 60% (95% CI 0.51–0.68), and stress was 92% (95% CI 0.86–0.96). Dentists working in the independent sector had more psychological symptoms compared with those in the public sector (P = 0.014). Conclusions: Working in the public sector appeared to have a protective effect. Almost all the dentists in this survey were experiencing MH symptoms and stress. Further research is needed to assess the long-term effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on dentists.
Introduction of Structured Feedback to Medical Undergraduate Students in the First Professional

Context: Feedback is integral in medical education as it improves learner's knowledge, skills, and professional competence, however it is not routinely practiced in medical colleges. Therefore, the present educational research project was designed in a need-based attempt to introduce and implement a program of structured feedback in the department of biochemistry in the first professional MBBS. Aim: The aim was to introduce and implement a program of structured feedback in biochemistry for 1st year medical undergraduates and to collect students' and faculty perceptions about its effectiveness. Settings and Design: it was a prospective, nonrandomized, interventional study. Methods: The study was conducted over 135 first professional undergraduates with six faculties. The feedback questionnaires to assess the perceptions of students and faculty on the feedback program were designed and peer-expert validated. An educational program for giving structured feedback was designed, peer-expert validated, and introduced and perceptions of students and faculty were collected using the feedback questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed in terms of percentages, medians, modes, and satisfaction index and represented in graphs. Transcripts were prepared for qualitative data, themes were identified, and a thematic map was prepared. Results: Students (n = 135) perceived the feedback sessions to be helpful in making them aware about their learning gaps (70%) and facilitated the process of bridging the learning gaps (62%). Students strongly agreed that feedback has helped in better understanding of the topic (82%), better retention (69%), and acted as effective learning tool (68%). The faculty did not find the feedback sessions as extra burden in their routine schedule (83%). The main themes identified were “More interaction with teacher,” “Increased motivation,” “Student centric,” “Less stressful,” “Improved confidence,” “Identification and bridging of learning gaps,” “Improved efficacy to attempt questions,” and “Improved learning. ” Conclusions: The feedback program was perceived satisfactory by both students and faculty agreeing upon more of such sessions and implementation in the curriculum in the near future.
Use of Chemoradiotherapy as a Treatment Option for Patients with Limited-Stage Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus

Purpose Currently, there are no standard treatments for primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (PSCCE), particularly in cases of limited-stage disease. This retrospective study aimed to assess the treatment strategies and the relevant prognostic factors of limited-stage PSCCE (LS-PSCCE). Patients and Methods We retrospectively evaluated 129 patients with LS-PSCCE between June 2009 and December 2018. The χ2 test was performed to examine the frequencies between different groups. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods were used to estimate and compare survival rates. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Results Through a median follow-up of 23 months, the median OS of all patients was 25.0 months and the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 15.0 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that alcohol abuse (p=0.046) and TNM stage (p<0.001) were independent prognostic factors. There was no significant difference in OS and RFS rates between the patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and those treated with surgery and chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy (S+CT±RT) (p>0.05). Patients who received concurrent CRT had better OS and RFS than those who received sequential CRT (p<0.05). Postoperative adjuvant RT for high-risk patients can further improve the local control rate but has no significant effect on OS. Conclusion LS-PSCCE patients treated with CRT had similar OS and RFS compared to those treated with S+CT±RT. This study shows that concurrent CRT confers a survival advantage for patients with LS-PSCCE compared to those with sequential CRT.
Effectiveness on knowledge about computer vision syndrome among medical coding trainee in medical coding training institute in urban Chennai, Tamil Nadu – A cross- sectional study

Context: Electronic devices, laptops, tablets, ipad and smart phones are an integral part of one's life both in work and personal space. Excessive usage of these devices had led to health-related problems of which computer vision syndrome (CVS) is at risk of becoming a major public health issue. Aims: Our study aimed to assess the pre-test and post-test level of knowledge regarding CVS among the medical coding trainees and also to determine the effectiveness (Video Teaching Programme) of knowledge about the CVS among them. Methods and Material: After obtaining ethical committee clearance using universal sampling method 480 medical coding trainees working in a firm was included in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to interview and a video teaching programme was given between the pre and post-test sessions for about 45 minutes regarding the effects of Computer Vision Syndrome. Results: The level of knowledge about CVS among medical coding trainees in the pre-test and post-test was 280 (58.3%) and 8 (1.7%) had inadequate knowledge, respectively. With regards to adequate level of knowledge 24 (3%) and 328 (68.3%) had in pre-test and post-test phase, respectively. The comparison of knowledge shows a very good improvement among the medical coding trainees which was significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The study highlights health education as an important factor in increasing the knowledge. From a primary care point of view, knowledge regarding CVS helps in differentiating and addressing the ocular symptoms, headache and shoulder pain symptoms of other aetiology if history is elicited properly.
Increased blood angiotensin converting enzyme 2 activity in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Pharmacological blockade of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are cornerstone treatments in several cardiovascular disease entities [1]. The RAAS is a central regulator of blood pressure, consisting of two counterregulatory pathways, commonly described as classical and nonclassical, respectively [1]. The main effect of classical RAAS activation is the generation of angiotensin (Ang)-II by ACE [1]. In contrast, non-classical RAAS activation results in cleavage of Ang-II by angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) to form angiotensin 1–7, which directly counteracts the effects of classical RAAS activation [1]. Critically ill #COVID19 patients display markedly increased alternative angiotensin pathway activity compared to healthy controls, reflected by increased blood ACE2 levels as well as decreased angiotensin-II and enhanced angiotensin-1–7 formation https://bit.ly/2MU1z4z
Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise as a Tool for Formative Assessment of Postgraduates in Psychiatry

Context: Introduction of competency-based medical education in India has necessitated a diversion from traditional methods of teaching and assessment. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) as a tool for formative assessment of postgraduates in psychiatry at our institute. Settings and Design: It was a prospective, quasi-experimental study carried out in the Department of Psychiatry, PGIMS, Rohtak (India). Materials and Methods: After obtaining written informed consent, trainees (18) were sensitized and faculty members (5) were trained to use mini-CEX and regarding the feedback process with the help of workshops. Statistical Analysis Used: Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Mean differences between the sessions were assessed using a paired sample t-test. P < 0.05 was considered as level of significance. Results: Statistically significant difference was found between session 1 and session 6 for counseling skills but not for three sessions of diagnostic skills. Mini-CEX was accepted as a better learning method by 61% of the postgraduates, 36% felt that it improved their clinical skills, 64% reported a boost in their confidence, and 89% looked forward to these encounters. Majority of the postgraduates and faculty members suggested that the mini-CEX should be regularly used in academic settings and should be introduced early in the training. Conclusions: Mini-CEX is a feasible formative assessment tool for postgraduates in psychiatry and an effective method of learning by the postgraduates, inducing a significant improvement in the counseling skills of students. Teaching faculty also accepted mini-CEX as an effective method of formative assessment.
Gut Microbiome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

At present, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adults is increasing year by year and at a younger age. Evidence-based healthcare has confirmed that NAFLD is closely related to obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and other chronic metabolic diseases. Despite the growing prevalence of NAFLD, little is known about symptoms for patients at risk of NAFLD progression, thus preventing healthcare providers from intervening at an early stage. In addition, these symptoms usually cause problems for patients to cope with other chronic metabolic diseases. Symptoms may have a biological basis; especially as the changes of gut microbes may affect the symptoms of metabolic diseases. This article aims to describe the new role of gut microbes in the development of NAFLD, focusing on the potential relationship between gut microbes and symptoms of NAFLD, as well as the mechanism of action of the “gut–liver–brain” axis. This information can be useful in developing precise nursing interventions for NAFLD patients, restoring the “health” of gut microbes, and alleviating the symptom burden of chronic metabolic disease in NAFLD.
Knowledge, awareness, and vaccination compliance of hepatitis B among medical students in Riyadh's governmental universities

Background: Hepatitis B is a blood-borne infectious liver disease caused by the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and it is best prevented by immunization. Due to occupational exposure, medical students have an increased risk of contracting HBV. Therefore, it is essential for all medical students to have good knowledge about HBV and to complete their HBV vaccinations. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess and compare HBV knowledge, awareness, and vaccination compliance among pre-clinical medical students in four universities. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2018 at the College of Medicine of four governmental universities: King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Saud University, Princess Noura university, and Imam Mohammed bin Saud Islamic University, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods and Materials: Two-hundred-sixty-three pre-clinical medical students completed a questionnaire with sections about demographics, HBV awareness, knowledge, and vaccination compliance. Statistical analysis used: The data was transferred to Excel and SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis. A significance level of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall knowledge about HBV and vaccination compliance were poor. KSU students had the highest vaccination compliance (n = 52, 54.2%) and KSAU-HS the lowest (n = 19, 23,8%). The most-cited reasons for noncompliance were “forgetting about the vaccine” and “busy schedule“. Conclusion: Overall, most of the participants had poor HBV knowledge and vaccine compliance. Therefore, we recommend the implementation of pre-clinical vaccine checking and the addition of an infectious disease awareness and prevention program.
Pattern and prevalence of substance use and dependence in two districts of Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir: Special focus on opioids

Background: Kashmir has been at the centre of conflict between India and Pakistan after partition of erstwhile British India in 1947. While research suggests that conflict exposure may result in increased substance use, the prevalence of substance use disorders has remained an under-searched area in Kashmir. Method: We employed respondent-driven sampling (RDS) for recruiting substance users from two districts of Kashmir. Estimation of substance dependence was done using benchmarkmultiplier method. Results: Prevalence of any substance dependence was estimated to be 1.95% while as for any opioids, it was 1.80%. Heroin was the most common opioid with last year use by 84.33% respondents. Current prevalence of injection drug use was 0.95% and heroin was the most common opioid among Injection Drug User (IDU), being used by 91.12% IDUs followed by Pentazocine (5.92%). Conclusion: Our results indicate that RDS was a feasible and acceptable sampling method for recruiting 'difficult to reach 'participants like illicit substance users including IDUs. Our results further demonstrate that opioids are highly prevalent in Kashmir and heroin injection is not uncommon. All these findings call for attention from policy makers as opioids are one of the important contributors to mortality and morbidity related to substances.
Assessment of magnitude and predictors of postpartum depression among mothers attending immunization clinics in Bihar, India

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is characterized by a protracted phase of emotional turmoil which ensues at the time of major life change and increased responsibilities in the upkeep of a newborn child. In fact, it represents a considerable public health problem and has been found to have multiple etiologies including sociodemographic, economical, psychosocial, obstetrical, and medical risk factors. Hence, this study was conducted with the objective of estimating the proportion of PPD among mothers attending the immunization clinics and its association with various sociodemographic and other risk factors. Methods: All eligible mothers (up to 3 months after delivery) attending the immunization clinics at the health centers were interviewed using a pre-designed questionnaire and relevant information on sociodemographic, obstetrical, and other psychosocial factors was obtained. PPD was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) where the cutoff score of ≥ 13 was considered as being at risk for PPD. Results: A total of 400 mothers were included. The overall proportion of PPD came out to be 15.0% (95% CI 11.83–18.83%) while the median EPDS score was 6.5. Logistic regression analysis revealed that Muslim religion, preterm or low birth weight baby, current medical illness, family pressure to have male child, lack of support from family networks, and domestic violence remained independent predictors of PPD. Conclusion: This study identified certain important risk factors for PPD. Thus, the sensitization of the primary healthcare providers and early screening and counseling of the mothers and their families is essential for reduction of associated morbidities and unfavorable outcomes.