Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced neutralization and Fc effector function to Omicron subvariants in sera from SARS‐CoV‐1 survivors after two doses of CoronaVac plus one dose subunit vaccine

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Omicron harbors more than 30 mutations of the spike protein and exhibits substantial immune evasion. Although previous study indicated that BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine induces potent cross‐clade pan‐sarbecovirus neutralizing antibodies in survivors of the infection by SARS‐CoV‐1, the neutralization activity and Fc‐mediated effector functions of these cross‐reactive antibodies elicited in SARS‐CoV‐1 survivors to Omicron subvariants still remain largely unknown. In this study, the neutralization activity and Fc‐mediated effector functions of antibodies boosted by a third dose vaccination were characterized in SARS‐CoV‐1 convalescents and healthy individuals. Potent cross‐clade broadly neutralizing antibodies were observed in SARS‐CoV‐1 survivors who received a three‐dose vaccination regimen consisting of two priming doses of CoronaVac followed by one booster dose of the protein subunit vaccine ZF2001. However, the induced antibodies exhibited both reduced neutralization and impaired Fc effector functions targeting multiple Omicron subvariants. Importantly, the data also support the notion that immune imprints resulted from SARS‐CoV‐1 infection may exacerbate the impairment of neutralization activity and Fc‐mediated effector functions to Omicron subvariants and provided invaluable information to vaccination strategy in future.
Complex role of strain engineering of lattice thermal conductivity in hydrogenated graphene-like borophene induced by high-order phonon anharmonicity

Strain engineering has been used as a versatile tool for regulating the thermal transport in various materials as a result of the phonon frequency shift. On the other hand, the phononic bandgap can be simultaneously tuned by the strain, which can play a critical role in wide phononic bandgap materials due to the high-order phonon anharmonicity. In this work, we investigate the complex role of uniaxial tensile strain on the lattice thermal conductivity of hydrogenated graphene-like borophene, by using molecular dynamics simulations with a machine learning potential. Our findings highlight a novel and intriguing phenomenon that the thermal conductivity in the armchair direction is non-monotonically dependent on the uniaxial armchair strain. Specifically, we uncover that the increase of phonon group velocity and the decrease of three-phonon scattering compete with the enhancement of four-phonon scattering under armchair strain, leading to the non-monotonic dependence. The enhanced four-phonon scattering originates from the unique bridged B–H bond that can sensitively control the phononic bandgap under armchair strain. This anomalous non-monotonic strain-dependence highlights the complex interplay between different mechanisms governing thermal transport in 2D materials with large phononic bandgaps. Our study offers valuable insights for designing innovative thermal management strategies based on strain.
Potential N2O emissions from leguminous tree plantation soils in the humid tropics

We compared nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions over 1 year from soils of plantations growing acacia, which is a leguminous plant capable of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules, and secondary forests in Sumatra, Indonesia. N2O emissions from acacia plantation soils fluctuated seasonally, from high in the wetter season to low in the drier season, whereas N2O emissions from secondary forest soils were low throughout the year. Water‐filled‐pore‐space data showed that denitrification contributed substantially to N2O emissions from soils at acacia sites. The average annual N2O flux in acacia plantations was 2.56 kg N ha−1 a−1, which was eight times higher than that from secondary forest soils (0.33 kg N ha−1 a−1). In secondary forests, NH4+ was the dominant form of inorganic nitrogen. However, in acacia plantations, the NH4+: NO3− ratio was relatively lower than that in secondary forests. These results suggest that secondary forests were nitrogen limited, but acacia plantations were less nitrogen limited. Leguminous tree plantations may increase nitrogen cycling, resulting in greater N2O emissions from the soil. However, on a global warming potential basis, N2O emissions from acacia plantation soils accounted for less than 10% of the carbon uptake by plants. Nevertheless, because of the spread of leguminous tree plantations in Asia, the importance of N2O emissions from leguminous tree stands will increase in the coming decades.
Identification and characterization of abrupt changes in the land uptake of carbon

A recent study of the net land carbon sink estimated using the Mauna Loa, Hawaii atmospheric CO2record, fossil fuel estimates, and a suite of ocean models suggests that the mean of the net land carbon uptake remained approximately constant for three decades and increased after 1988/1989. Due to the large variability in the net land uptake, it is not possible to determine the exact timing and nature of the increase robustly by visual inspection. Here, we develop a general methodology to objectively determine the nature and timing of the shift in the net land uptake based on the Schwarz Information Criterion. We confirm that it is likely that an abrupt shift in the mean net land carbon uptake occurred in 1988. After taking into account the variability in the net land uptake due to the influence of volcanic aerosols and the El Niño Southern Oscillation, we find that it is most likely that there is a remaining step increase at the same time (p‐values of 0.01 and 0.04 for Mauna Loa and South Pole, respectively) of about 1 Pg C/yr. Thus, we conclude that neither the effect of volcanic eruptions nor the El Niño Southern Oscillation are the causes of the sudden increase of the land carbon sink. By also applying our methodology to the atmospheric growth rate of CO2, we demonstrate that it is likely that the atmospheric growth rate of CO2 exhibits a step decrease between two fitted lines in 1988–1989, which is most likely due to the shift in the net land uptake of carbon.
Environmental Education in Small Business: The Owner-Manager's Perspective

Abstract Traditionally, environmental education has been aimed at the community or in primary schools and governmental pressure to reduce environmental damage has focussed on large businesses. More recently, the role and importance of small business and how to engage them in the environmental debate has come under scrutiny. Researchers have identified education as one method of increasing the understanding of small business owner-managers' role and knowledge of practices that, when implemented, will reduce the negative impacts of their businesses. However, there is little attention given in the literature to the perspective of the small business owner-manager and environmental education. This research was conducted to begin to address this gap. Research results confirm that there is limited environmental education for small businesses and that there is a disconnect in meeting the needs of such a disparate group. Six elements were identified by the small business owner-managers in the design of environmental education for them: use of plain language, provision of best practice examples, industry specific information, solutions for immediate improvement, practical content and use of trusted sources to deliver the program.
Efficacy and tolerability of dolutegravir/lamivudine versus dolutegravir/rilpivirine in switching from a three‐drug regimen based on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: A retrospective cohort study

Real‐life comparisons of dolutegravir/rilpivirine (DTG/RPV) and DTG/lamivudine (3TC) regimens in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV) who switched from a standard three‐drug regimen based on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are missing. This study aimed to compare DTG/3TC and DTG/RPV in virologically suppressed patients (HIV‐RNA < 50 copies/mL) coming from any NNRTI‐based regimen in terms of discontinuation due to virologic failure (VF) discontinuation rates due to all causes, and adverse events. As a secondary outcome, we evaluated the difference in creatinine, total cholesterol, CD4, and triglycerides from baseline to weeks 48 after the switch. Of the 415 PLWHs included in the study, 278 (66.9%) switched to DTG/3TC, and 137 (33.1%) switched to DTG/RPV. Overall, 48 PLWHs (11.6%) discontinued the treatment:38 with DTG/3TC and 10 with DTG/RPV with similar discontinuation rates: 5.01 × 100 py (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.64–6.94) and 4.66 × 100 py (95% CI 2.51–8.67), respectively. The most common reason for discontinuation was toxicity (26 patients, 22/278 [7.9%] in the DTG/3TC group and 4/137 [2.9%] in the DTG/RPV group), mainly neurologic toxicity (never above grade 2). We found no differences in discontinuation rates due to treatment adverse events. Two study participants experienced virological failure in the DTG/3TC arm. We observed no significant difference in CD4 cell counts, lipid parameters, or renal function between the two groups at 48 weeks. This study demonstrated that, in clinical practice, a two‐drug regimen with DTG/3TC or DTG/RPV is characterized by a low discontinuation rate and VF in virologically suppressed PLWHs switched from an NNRTI‐based three antiretroviral drugs regimen.
Travel motivations and the influential factors: the case of Penang, Malaysia

Travel motivations have been one of the focal points of tourism research for several decades. This study aims to delineate travel motivation of international tourists to Penang, Malaysia. The results of factor analysis indicated that “novelty and knowledge seeking” and “cultural and historical attractions” were the most agreed upon push and pull travel domains for international tourists travelling to Penang.
Why are there no clockwise rotations along the North Anatolian Fault Zone

Mechanical analysis of lithospheric deformation associated with an intracontinental transform fault suggests that it should be associated with a pattern of vertical axis rotations governed by the length of the fault, its displacement, and the mechanical properties of the lithosphere. Paleomagnetic results from two transects across the North Anatolian Fault Zone indicate that there have been no measurable clockwise rotations on a regional scale associated with Neogene dextral strike-slip motion along the fault. The data come from two groups of volcanic rocks that have been dated by K-Ar whole rock geochronology and have yielded ages ranging from 45.3±3.1 m.y. to 41.8±1.3 m.y. (Eocene) and 21.7±1.5 m.y. to 7.5±0.2 m.y. (Miocene). The absence of clockwise rotations suggests one of the following explanations. (1) In contrast to the assumptions underlying current mechanical analyses, deformation in the upper crust may not directly reflect the flow in the lithosphere and is localized along a single fault trace. (2) Deformation is distributed, but rotations have been prevented by the presence of elongate fault blocks subparallel to the trace of the main fault. (3) Displacement along the North Anatolian Fault may be too small or the rheologic properties of the lithosphere such that rotations about vertical axes cannot be resolved. Instead of the predicted clockwise rotations, measured declinations show that there has been approximately 30° of anticlockwise rotation of both the Eocene and Miocene volcanic rocks. This suggests that no significant rotation occurred between Eocene and Miocene times and that the anticlockwise rotation occurred either immediately before or concurrent with the Plio-Pleistocene slip on the North Anatolian Fault.
Tricuspid Valve Academic Research Consortium Definitions for Tricuspid Regurgitation and Trial Endpoints

Abstract Interest in the pathophysiology, etiology, management, and outcomes of patients with tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has grown in the wake of multiple natural history studies showing progressively worse outcomes associated with increasing TR severity, even after adjusting for multiple comorbidities. Historically, isolated tricuspid valve surgery has been associated with high in-hospital mortality rates, leading to the development of transcatheter treatment options. The aim of this first Tricuspid Valve Academic Research Consortium document is to standardize definitions of disease etiology and severity, as well as endpoints for trials that aim to address the gaps in our knowledge related to identification and management of patients with TR. Standardizing endpoints for trials should provide consistency and enable meaningful comparisons between clinical trials. A second Tricuspid Valve Academic Research Consortium document will focus on further defining trial endpoints and will discuss trial design options.
An improved lunar gravity field model from SELENE and historical tracking data: Revealing the farside gravity features

[1] A new spherical harmonic solution of the lunar gravity field to degree and order 100, called SGM100h, has been developed using historical tracking data and 14.2 months of SELENE tracking data (from 20 October 2007 to 26 December 2008 plus 30 January 2009). The latter includes all usable 4-way Doppler data collected which allowed direct observations of the farside gravity field for the first time. The new model successfully reveals farside features in free-air gravity anomalies which are characterized by ring-shaped structures for large impact basins and negative spots for large craters. SGM100h produces a correlation with SELENE-derived topography as high as about 0.9, through degree 70. Comparison between SGM100h and LP100K (one of the pre-SELENE models) shows that the large gravity errors which existed in LP100K are drastically reduced and the asymmetric error distribution between the nearside and the farside almost disappears. The gravity anomaly errors predicted from the error covariance, through degree and order 100, are 26 mGal and 35 mGal for the nearside and the farside, respectively. Owing to the 4-way Doppler measurements the gravity coefficients below degree and order 70 are now determined by real observations with contribution factors larger than 80 percent. With the SELENE farside data coverage, it is possible to estimate the gravity field to degree and order 70 without applying any a priori constraint or regularization. SGM100h can be used for global geophysical interpretation through degree and order 70.
Air Layering and Tiny-Air Layering Techniques for Mesquite [Prosopis laevigata (H. B. ex Willd.) Johnst. M. C.] Tree Propagation

Prosopis laevigata is commonly known in Mexico as mesquite, and it is mostly found in the Central Mexican States. Mesquite has been driven to scarcity because the local population has used it for different purposes. Therefore, efficient, inexpensive, and reliable propagation methods are an aim to preserve and increase the mesquite resources. Air layering (treatment applied to young 1–1.2 m-long and 1.0–1.5.0 cm-wide branches) and tiny-air layering (applied to young 25–30 cm-long and 0.3–0.5 cm-wide branches) were investigated as asexual mesquite propagation methods. IBA (100, 250, and 500 mg l−1); NAA (50, 100, and 250 mg l−1); IAA (100, 250, and 500 mg l−1); and 2,4-D (100 and 1000 mg l−1) were used for the air layering method, whereas for the tiny-air layering protocol IBA (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg l−1) alone or combined with Chrysal were utilized. The highest response (90%) of air layerings was obtained with 500 mg l−1 IBA, having an average number of 1,785 roots per layering. For the tiny-air layering method, the best treatment was 3.0 mg l−1 IBA + Chrysal, which induced 90% of rooting, with an average number of 31.8 roots per layering.
EVALUATION THE EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF ZIRCONIUM OXIDE AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON SHEAR BOND STRENGTHS OF ORTHODONTIC ADHESIVE: IN-VITRO STUDY.

OBJECTIVES the study aims to assess the shear bond strength of modified- 3M orthodontic adhesive Transbond™ XT with different concentrations of Titanium Dioxide and zirconium oxide nanoparticles. In a retrospective cross-sectional study a hundred sound-extracted human upper premolars were collected. 3M orthodontic adhesive Transbond™ XT was modified by (0,02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% Zirconium Oxide), and (0,02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% Titanium Dioxide) nanoparticles, and (0,02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% Zirconium Oxide and Titanium Dioxide). dentaurum discovery pearl ceramic bracket were bonded to buccal enamel surfaces of the samples of control and nine modified adhesive groups. At 24 h after bonding, shear bond strength was measured. Adhesive remnant index was scored under (10X) magnification power of stereomicroscope after de-bonding. The chemical characteristics of orthodontic adhesive material were explored before and after mixing with Titanium Dioxide and zirconium oxide nanoparticles by using FTIR. (Zirconium Oxide nanoparticles) group and combination (Zirconium Oxide and Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles) had a higher shear bond strength mean value than the control group, 0.06% combination (Zirconium Oxide and Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles) group had the highest mean value. About adhesive remnant index, no significant differences were found among the studying groups. The addition of 0.06% combination (Zirconium Oxide and Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles) had the best performance and improved shear bond strength of 3M orthodontic adhesive Transbond™ XT.
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF IMPORTANT RANGE FORAGE SPECIES FOR CAMELS IN MARSABIT DISTRICT, KENYA (VALOR NUTRITIVO DE ESPECIES FORRAJERAS DE IMPORTANCIA PARA CAMELLOS EN EL DISTRITO DE MARSABIT, KENYA)

A study carried out in the semi-arid rangelands of Marsabit during dry and wet seasons assessed the content and seasonal variation of crude protein (CP) and fibre of important forage species for camels. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, herders were interviewed and the important forage species consumed by camels identified. The respondents were mainly men and boys responsible for camel herding in the area. The identified forage species were verified through direct field observation of grazing camels. A total of 109 forages were sampled and analysed for CP, Ash and fibre. Camels preferred dwarf shrubs during the wet season, herbaceous and grass species in the dry season. The mean CP and Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF) contents of preferred forages were 13.9+5.0% and 53.6+13.7% of dry matter (DM) respectively. Fibre content of the forages declined while CP increased from dry to wet season. Shrubs were lower in NDF (51.0+12.6%) and ash (15.5+7.2%) and higher in DM (50.0+18.2%) and CP (14.7+4.9%) compared to grasses (NDF = 60.4+14.3%, ash = 18.5+5.2%, DM = 49.7+17.8%, CP = 12.0+5.0%). It was concluded that the combination of forage species selected by the camels across sites and seasons was adequate in terms of CP.
How embodied is cognition? fMRI and behavioral evidence for common neural resources underlying motor planning and mental rotation of bodily stimuli

Abstract Functional neuroimaging shows that dorsal frontoparietal regions exhibit conjoint activity during various motor and cognitive tasks. However, it is unclear whether these regions serve several, computationally independent functions, or underlie a motor “core process” that is reused to serve higher-order functions. We hypothesized that mental rotation capacity relies on a phylogenetically older motor process that is rooted within these areas. This hypothesis entails that neural and cognitive resources recruited during motor planning predict performance in seemingly unrelated mental rotation tasks. To test this hypothesis, we first identified brain regions associated with motor planning by measuring functional activations to internally-triggered vs externally-triggered finger presses in 30 healthy participants. Internally-triggered finger presses yielded significant activations in parietal, premotor, and occipitotemporal regions. We then asked participants to perform two mental rotation tasks outside the scanner, consisting of hands or letters as stimuli. Parietal and premotor activations were significant predictors of individual reaction times when mental rotation involved hands. We found no association between motor planning and performance in mental rotation of letters. Our results indicate that neural resources in parietal and premotor cortex recruited during motor planning also contribute to mental rotation of bodily stimuli, suggesting a common core component underlying both capacities.
Geochemistry and volcanology of the Tertiary basalts of the Giant's Causeway area, Northern Ireland

The columnar jointed basalts of the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland are a localized group of flows, the Causeway Tholeiite Member within the Tertiary Antrim Lava Group. Major and trace element analyses, including rare-earth element (REE) data, are presented which show a range of compositions from hy-normative tholeiites with mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) characteristics, to qz-normative examples with SiO2 > 54% and K2O > 1.0%. Within the Causeway tholeiites are three well defined chemical sub-groups which can be correlated stratigraphically across the area. Zr/Nb data suggest a single mantle source for the lavas with the range of composition the result of variable degrees of partial melting of a progressively depleted mantle, followed by fractional crystallization of the magmas at higher crustal levels. Mass balance calculations are used to model the fractionation processes involved. The lavas of the Causeway result from tectonically controlled decompression melting with magma equilibration in ephemeral chambers at high crustal levels followed by eruption as sheet flows. Disruption of the contemporaneous drainage system and the subsequent flooding of hot flow surfaces modified the cooling regime and formed the characteristic multi-tiered flows with colonnade and entablature development.
Photomodulation of the ASIC1a acidic pocket destabilizes the open state

Acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) are important players in detecting extracellular acidification throughout the brain and body. ASICs have large extracellular domains containing two regions replete with acidic residues: the acidic pocket, and the palm domain. In the resting state, the acidic pocket is in an expanded conformation but collapses in low pH conditions as the acidic side chains are neutralized. Thus, extracellular acidification has been hypothesized to collapse the acidic pocket that, in turn, ultimately drives channel activation. However, several observations run counter to this idea. To explore how collapse or mobility of the acidic pocket is linked to channel gating, we employed two distinct tools. First, we incorporated the photocrosslinkable noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) 4‐azido‐L‐phenylalanine (AzF) or 4‐benzoyl‐L‐phenylalanine (BzF) into several positions in the acidic pocket. At both E315 and Y318, AzF incorporation followed by UV irradiation led to right shifts in pH response curves and accelerations of desensitization and deactivation, consistent with restrictions of acidic pocket mobility destabilizing the open state. Second, we reasoned that because Cl− ions are found in the open and desensitized structures but absent in the resting state structures, Cl− substitution would provide insight into how stability of the pocket is linked to gating. Anion substitution resulted in faster deactivation and desensitization, consistent with the acidic pocket regulating the stability of the open state. Taken together, our data support a model where acidic pocket collapse is not essential for channel activation. Rather, collapse of the acidic pocket influences the stability of the open state of the pore.