Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Combination of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts in Fermentation of Jibna-beida

Jibna-beida, a semi-t raditional cheese of Sudan made fro m raw cow's milk, goat's milk o r co mb ination of both with variable qualities. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of using lactic acid bacteria (LA B) and yeasts initially isolated fro m tradit ional cheese in production of laboratory made jiba-beida under controlled conditions and evaluation of the product. The activ ity of LAB isolates was examined via determination o f clotting time, presence of inhibitory activ ity against pathogenic microorganis ms and antibiotic resistance. Two types of jibna-beida were p roduced: LSKJ cheese prodcued using Lactobacillus plantrum, Streptococcus thermophillus and Klaveromyces lactis as combined starter and LSSJ, cheese produced using Lactobacillus lactis, Streptococcus lactis, and Saccharomyces rouxii as comb ined starter. Significant changes were found in most of the various chemical co mponents of tested cheeses as a result of using different starter cultures. The microbiological analysis revealed absence of colifo ms as well as pathogenic bacteria (staphylococci and salmonella) in all tested cheeses. However, 2.85×10 5 ± 0.421 cfu/g total bacterial count in were found in LSKJ wh ich were lower than those of LSSJ (6.55 × 10 5 ± 2.425 cfu/g. On the other hand, LA B count of LSKJ (7.7×10 4 ± 0.462 cfu/g) was lo wer than that LSSJ (5.6 × 10 5 ± 4.041 cfu/g). The yeasts and moulds was 5.0 × 10 2 ± 1.155 cfu/g and 4.0 × 10 3 ± 4.041 cfu/g LSKJ and LSSJ, respectively. The laboratory made jibna-beida samples were highly acceptable by the panelists. The study demonstrated the potential probiotic ability of the isolated LAB species from jibna-beida prepared at house hold level at El Dueim area.
Stable isotope data from deep-water antipatharians: 400-Year records from the southeastern coast of the United States of America

In this study, time-series stable isotope results (δ13C and δ15N) from three deepwater Leiopathes glaberrima (Esper, 1788) specimens collected off the southeastern coast of the United States of America and one specimen from the Gulf of Mexico are presented. The specimens were collected live in 2004 and are estimated to be 200– 500 yrs old based on 210pb measurements and band counts. The δ13C and δ15N longterm trends are reproducible within and among specimens from a similar location, suggesting a common environmental influence. Three western Atlantic specimens have average δ13C values of −15.7‰, −16.3‰, and −16.1‰, with the most depleted values from the oldest specimen. The oldest specimen records an enrichment in 13C of 0.5‰ corresponding to the Little Ice Age. All three specimens show a depletion of 13C over the past 150 yrs corresponding to the δ13C Suess Effect. The fourth specimen from the Gulf of Mexico has an average δ13C value of −16.4‰ and shows no trend in 13C value with time. All four specimens contain an enrichment in 15N over the most recent 75 yrs, with the largest enrichment (3‰) in the Gulf of Mexico specimen. This enrichment is likely a result of increased terrestrial effluent (sewage and manure) reaching the offshore specimens. Deep-water corals have recently gained attention as attractive organisms for climate proxy reconstructions (heikoop et al., 2002; Thresher et al., 2004; Sherwood et al., 2005a). Many of these organisms [for example, Primnoa resedaeformis (Gunnerus, 1763)] are long-lived (Risk et al., 2002), form annual skeletal bands (Andrews et al., 2002; Sherwood et al., 2005b), have a wide geographic and depth distribution (Breeze et al., 1997; Etnoyer and Morgan, 2003), and have skeletons resistant to diagenetic change after death (Sherwood et al., 2005a). Recently, attention has turned to other deep-water organisms including pink corals (Fallon et al., 2005), bamboo corals (hill et al., 2005; Neil et al., 2005; Noe and Dullo, 2006), and black corals (Grange and Goldberg, 1994; williams et al., 2006). Antipatharians (black corals) are also long-lived (Grange and Goldberg, 1994; Roark et al., 2006; williams et al., 2006). Their skeletons are formed of thin, concentric bands of protein and chitinous organic material (Goldberg, 1991) allowing the development of a growth chronology. They are abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and on the western Atlantic continental slope off of the southeastern United States of America coast. here, the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition of proteinaceous skeletal material is reported from three antipatharian specimens collected from off the southeastern United States of America coast and one antipatharian specimen from the Gulf of Mexico. BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 81, NO. 3, 2007 438
Aspectos da anatomia foliar de puerária associados ao balanço de água e de energia

No Brasil, a pueraria ( Pueraria phaseoloides Benth, Leguminosae-Faboideae) e tradicionalmente empregada como cultura de cobertura em seringais na regiao amazonica, onde as condicoes climaticas se assemelham as condicoes climaticas tropicais encontradas no sudeste asiatico, centro de dispersao da especie. Pueraria foi tambem introduzida na regiao sudeste do Brasil, regiao esta caracterizada pela transicao entre os climas tropical e subtropical. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever algumas das caracteristicas da anatomia foliar de pueraria relacionadas a economia de agua e energia. A epiderme inferior apresentou maior frequencia de estomatos (213 estomatos.mm -2 ) quando comparada a epiderme superior (101 estomatos.mm -2 ). O numero medio de tricomas por milimetro quadrado foi 9 para a epiderme superior e 13 para a epiderme inferior. O comprimento medio dos tricomas foi de 300 m m para a epiderme superior e 460 m m para a epiderme inferior. A espessura da cuticula nao diferiu significativamente entre as epidermes inferior e superior. A lâmina foliar consistiu basicamente de duas camadas de ambos, parenquima palicadico e parenquima lacunoso. Uma camada de mesofilo paranerval foi encontrada entre os parenquimas palicadico e lacunoso.
Chromosome location and characterization of genes for grain protein content in Triticum dicoccoides

Three sets of Langdon (LDN) durum-Triticum dicoccoides (LDN-DIC) disomic chromosome substitution lines were previously developed by L. R. Joppa using T. dicoccoides accessions Israel A (IsA), PI 481521 (521), and PI 478742 (742) as the chromosome donors and LDN durum as the recipient. The set based on Israel A was well characterized previously, resulting in the identification and isolation of Gpc-B1, a major gene for high grain protein content (GPC) on chromosome 6B. This study was conducted to identify and characterize genes for high GPC in the two sets based on PI 481521 and PI 478742. The two sets of substitutions lines and controls were grown at Fargo and Prosper, ND, in 2005 and 2006 using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The GPC analysis from the trials showed that the substitution lines LDN(742-6B) and LDN(521-7B) had the highest GPC within their respective sets, suggesting that chromosome 6B of PI 478742 and 7B of PI 481521 carry high GPC genes. In addition, six other substitutions including 1A, 2A, and 5B of PI 481521 and 7A, 5B, and 7B of PI 478742 had significantly higher GPC than LDN. To determine if the GPC gene in PI 478742 is the same as Gpc-B1, we screened three T. dicoccoides accessions and their 6B substitution lines using an allele specific marker Xuhw89 for Gpc-B1. Marker analysis indicated that chromosome 6B of PI 478742 carried the same GpcB1 allele as Israel A. A comparison of the chromosomal locations of other GPC genes in the three T. dicoccoides accessions suggested that chromosomes 2A and 7B of PI 481521 and 7A of PI 478742 are likely candidates as sources of new high GPC genes.
Collection, Description, Taxonomic Relationships, Fruit Biochemistry, and Utilization of Aronia melanocarpa, A. arbutifolia, A. prunifolia, and A. mitschurinii

Aronia (Rosaceae) or chokeberry is a genus of deciduous shrubs originally native to eastern North America. The taxonomy of this genus is complex and species boundaries are not clear. The genus is thought to be composed of the wild A. melanocarpa, A. prunifolia, and A. arbutifolia, with an additional cultivated taxon, A. mitschurinii, originating from the former Soviet Union. Aronia is grown as an ornamental and for fruit. Over 100 accessions of Aronia were obtained from cultivated sources, germplasm repositories, and wild collection. Three studies were conducted using this plant material. The first study revealed A. melanocarpa, A. prunifolia, and A. arbutifolia, are distinct from each other and from A. mitschurinii. Significant differences in morphological values were found. Accessions of the same species clustered together using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. Geographic origin, ploidy, and morphology used in principal coordinate analysis also supported these Aronia species as distinct. A second study examined biochemically active beneficial compounds found in wild Aronia in comparison to A. mitschurinii. This first major analysis of wild type Bryan Allan Connolly – University of Connecticut 2014 Aronia showed that A. mitschurinii generally has the lowest antioxidant (ORAC) value and has about the same or slightly lower total anthocyanin amounts compared to A. melanocarpa. Harvest date affected fruit biochemical composition. Later harvested fruit showed higher anthocyanin levels. Aronia prunifolia and A. arbutifolia, though low in anthocyanin, were found to have the highest phenolic compound levels. Aronia melanocarpa, both tetraploid and diploid, in some cases showed higher ORAC, anthocyanin, or phenolic compounds, and had different amounts of individual anthocyanins than A. mitschurinii types. These findings reveal that wild Aronia species all have potentially useful biologically active compounds. The last study of this dissertation explored the potential gene pool available to Aronia breeders. Seven hundred pollinations were conducted between Aronia, Sorbus, Pyrus, and ×Sorbaronia. Compatibility was found between diploid Aronia, Sorbus and ×Sorbaronia resulting in three and four species intergeneric combinations. Backcrosses of ×Sorbaronia to both Aronia and Sorbus were easily accomplished. Some compatibility was found between Pyrus and Aronia, this intergeneric combination has not been reported previously.
Community Structure of Benthic Marine Algae at Daejin and Jukbyeon on the Mid-East Coast of Korea

The species composition and variation of benthic marine algae at Daejin and Jukbyeon on the mid-east coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from August 2006 to April 2007. As a result, the total of 85 species, including 8 chlorophytes, 26 phaeophytes, 50 rhodophytes and 1 sea grass were identified. 52 species were found at Daejin and 74 species at Jukbyeon. Dominant species in importance value were Corallina pilulifera, Chondrus ocellatus, melobesioidean algae, Sargassum horneri, Sargassum yezoense and Phyllospadix japonica at Daejin, and Corallina pilulifera, melobesioidean algae, Phyllospadix japonica, Acrosorium polyneurum, Sargassum siliquastrum and Hizikia fusiformis at Jukbyeon, respectively. The vertical distribution of algae were characterized by Corallina pilulifera, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp. (S. siliquastrum, S. yezoense) and Symphyocladia latiuscula at intertidal zone, Sargassum spp. (S. horneri, S. serratifolium, S. yezoense), melobesioidean algae, Phyllospadix japonica and Corallina pilulifera at 1 m depth, melobesioidean algae, Phyllospadix japonica and Sargassum spp. (S. horneri, S. yezoense) at 5 m depth and melobesioidean algae, Phyllospadix japonica and Sargassum spp. (S. horneri, S. micracanthum, S. yezoense) at 10 m depth.
Integrating Knowledge Across Organizations: The Role of Social Capital

With inter-organizational collaborations in distinct forms (e.g. strategic alliances, joint ventures) being on the rise, knowledge management needs to extend beyond organizational boundaries. Specifically, when organizations engage in collaborative projects and the knowledge required for the project is present in different entities across the organizations, the challenge of knowledge management is in integrating knowledge bases across organizations [2]. Through an interpretive case study, this paper examines the role of social capital on knowledge integration in a four-member collaborative project. Findings suggest that the role of social capital varies from that of a motivator to an integrator and a facilitator.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of drying kinetics of banana slices

Modeling of the hot air dehydration period is very important to increase food property and reduce energy consumption. The objective of the study is to examine the drying behaviour of banana slices by using convective hot air drying method. Drying kinetics of the banana slices was investigated experimentally for different air temperatures (40, 50, and 60 °C). The drying models were fitted to the experimental data. The model which gives the nearest results to the experimental information was predicted as the Midilli model (R2=0.99). It was determined that the L (brightness) colour parameter value declined as the moisture content of the food decreased. Effective diffusion coefficients (2.02×10-10, 5.05×10-10, and 8.08×10-10 m2 s-1), activation energy (61.1 kJ (mol)-1) and shrinkage coefficients (23%, 32% and 40%) were calculated and it was seen to be compatible with the data given in the literature on food drying. The temperature and moisture content obtained from the experimental study were compared with numerical analysis and found to be compatible.
Examining social and financial efficiency challenges of co-operative financial institutions: Evidence from South Africa

Globally, co-operative financial institutions (CFIs) have emerged as a responsible and alternative banking solution to serve the financially excluded. However, the pursuit of dual mission is feared to lead to mission drift with social objectives sacrificed to achieve financial efficiency. The current study adds to this debate by examining whether there is a trade-off between social and financial performance in CFIs as the industry experienced contraction in past eight years in South Africa. We employed the two-stage double bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA) on unbalanced panel. The results from the first-stage give evidence of a trade-off though the industry is socially and financially inefficient at 91.06% and 61.57% respectively. For policy implications, the second-stage analysis suggest that size does matter in improving social and financial efficiency, whilst an increase in average savings improves financial efficiency but not social efficiency which also reinforces the trade-off. Surprisingly, as the industry age it becomes socially and financial inefficient. There is need for the industry to develop and implement an effective industry strategy, invest in managerial skills, and adopt effective outreach and asset allocation strategies to improve efficiencies.
Characterization of a cell death suppressing effector broadly conserved across the fungal kingdom

The proteins used by pathogens to modify, suppress or evade host defenses (called effectors) are fascinating probes into plant defense pathways and are changing the way scientists think about host/pathogen interactions. Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, causal agent of barley powdery mildew disease, is a model system to study the nature of obligate biotrophy. In addition to the nearly 500 predicted effector candidates unique to the mildews, this pathogen contains at least one that is broadly conserved across the fungal kingdom. Understanding the functions and targets of both the unique and conserved effectors has the potential to reveal new mechanisms of resistance. The development of RNAi-mediated gene silencing assays and the use of bacterial secretion based delivery systems has enabled the functional characterization of effectors in ways that were impossible until now. Silencing an effector candidate from B. graminis by Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus –Induced Gene Silencing is shown to significantly reduce accumulation of fungal biomass. When delivered to barley cells via the Xanthomonas bacterial type III secretion system, this effector is able to suppress host cell death. Conservation of this protein in 96 of 240 surveyed fungal genomes is presented. Notably, orthologs of this gene are present in non-pathogens as well as major pathogens of both plants and animals. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed two amino acids that are required for the cell death suppression phenotype. Taken together, this evidence supports reclassification of this gene from candidate effector to bona fide effector. Biological research and bioinformatic analysis are meaningful only to the extent that scientists can communicate value to stakeholders and the public. Through collaboration with high school science teachers, a curriculum was developed to expose students to plant biology and illustrate that an organism’s DNA (genotype) has a direct influence on its traits (phenotype). Students plant seeds, extract DNA from leaf tissue, amplify genes through polymerase chain
Identifying the Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Attitude of Athlete & Non-athlete

Considering entrepreneurship as a state of mind, we have to admit that nowadays, apart from business and economy, any person can think and act in an entrepreneurial manner. Hence, not only the “entrepreneurship enhancing” policies should not be confined to higher education levels, but also they have to be included in elementary and non-athlete programs. In this study, the level of entrepreneurial attitude, and the effect of some demographic variables on it were investigated among a group of 406 university students in Tehran. The main tool used in this study was the translated Athyde’s ATE questionnaire (attitude towards entrepreneurial business initialization) which was tested for reliability by a pretest and computation of Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient for the main study and all its components. The results showed that the level of entrepreneurial attitude was above average among athlete students, in all of the investigated aspects and components. They also showed that variables such as gender, having a self-employed father, employment status of mother, and the type of university (athlete &non-athlete) have no significant impact on the level of entrepreneurial attitude in students.
Trypanosome outer kinetochore proteins suggest conservation of chromosome segregation machinery across eukaryotes

distantly related to outer kinetochore proteins Ndc80 and Nuf2. The family member in kinetoplastids, KKT-interacting protein 1 (KKIP1), associates with the kinetochore, and its depletion causes severe defects in karyokinesis, loss of individual chromosomes, and gross defects in spindle assembly or stability. Immunopurification of KKIP1 from stabilized kinetochores identifies six further components, which form part of a trypanosome outer kinetochore complex. These findings suggest that kinetochores in organisms such as kinetoplastids are built from a divergent, but not ancestrally distinct, set of components and that Ndc80/Nuf2-like proteins are universal in eukaryotic division.
Ocena zwalczania toltrazurilem (Baycox) inwazji Eimeria spp. u gołębi pocztowych

Summary Coccidiosis is a common disease in racing pigeons. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of toltrazuril in coccidiosis control in pigeons before and during the racing season. Bulk feces samples collected from 1140 birds were analyzed by the flotation method according to Flleborn with the use of Darlingis solution. Eimeria spp. oocysts were counted in five fields of vision, and their diameter was an indicator of invasion intensity. Coccidiosis was controlled with toltrazuril (Baycox) applied twice at three-day intervals, at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, with drinking water. The severity of coccidial infection was determined one day prior to treatment, and the efficacy of toltrazuril was assessed 2, 4 and 6 weeks after treatment and 3 days after each race. Eimeria spp. were detected in all feces samples collected from 4 pigeon lofts. Two weeks after the first administration of toltrazuril, only single oocysts were present in feces samples, while no oocysts were found during the next examination. Coccidia appeared again in the excreta of racing pigeons (group 2) after the second and third race, whereas in pigeons that stayed in the loft (group 1) reinvasion was noted after the fourth race of group 2 birds. The results of the study indicate that Baycox administered twice was highly effective in controlling Eimeria spp. invasion over a period of more than ten weeks.
K. ZUBER-LASKAWIEC1,2, A. KUBICKA-TRZASKA1,2, I. KARSKA-BASTA1,2, W. POCIEJ-MARCIAK1,2, B. ROMANOWSKA-DIXON1,2 NON-RESPONSIVENESS AND TACHYPHYLAXIS TO ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR TREATMENT IN NAIVE PATIENTS WITH EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is still the leading cause of severe, irreversible loss of central vision in people aged over 50 years in developed countries, significantly impacting the daily functioning of patients and their relatives (1). Worldwide estimates approximated that 30 – 50 million people are affected by AMD, and these numbers are expected to increase over time because of the aging population (2). There are two types of AMD: ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ (exudative, neovascular) (1, 3). Exudative AMD is characterized by the presence of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and represent only 10 – 15% of all patients with this disease, although this form accounts for as many as 90% of all cases involving acute and permanent loss of central vision (2, 3). In the last few years several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the pathogenesis of AMD. However, despite extensive clinical and experimental research, the pathogenesis underlying the disease remain unclear. It appears to be a complex disease with many factors being involved, i.e. increased oxidative stress, excessive complement activation and inflammatory reactions in the subretinal space, as well as genetic and environmental factors (4-6). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that is a naturally occurring glycoprotein in the body, regulates angiogenesis, enhances vascular permeability, and plays a major role in exudative AMD. The consistent association between CNV the clinical hallmark of exudative AMD and increased VEGF expression provides a strong reason for exploring the therapeutic potential of anti-VEGF agents in the treatment of this disorder (7, 8). Blockade of VEGF activity is currently the most effective strategy for arresting choroidal angiogenesis and reducing vascular permeability, which is frequently the main cause of visual acuity deterioration (9). JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019, 70, 5, 779-785 www.jpp. krakow.pl | DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2019. 5.13
Effect of integrated nutrient management on roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa) productivity, its mineral nutrition and soil properties

A field experiment was undertaken during 2003-04 to study the effect of combined application of inorganic fertilizers, organic manure and biofertilizer on the productivity, mineral nutrition of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and on soil properties. Seventy-five per cent NPK applied through chemical fertilizer in conjunction with organic manures (poultry manure or farmyard manure) and biofertilizer (Azotobacter) improved roselle fibre yield by 3-13% over 100% NPK through chemical fertilizer. Highest N, P and K uptake was recorded in 75% NPK + poultry manure + Azotobacter treatment, followed by 75% NPK + farmyard manure + Azotobacter. Post - harvest soil analysis showed that soil fertility status was enriched in respect of organic carbon, available N, P and K where inorganic fertilizer was incorporated in association with organic manures and biofertilizer. Integrated use of 75% NPK + poultry manure + Azotobacter was found optimum for roselle fibre production and maintenance of soil fertility under Typic Ustochrept.