Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Outcomes for Children After Elective Birth at 39 Weeks' Gestation.

Importance Elective births at 39 weeks' gestation are increasing. While this option may improve maternal and perinatal outcomes compared with expectant management, longer-term childhood developmental outcomes are uncertain. Objective To investigate the association between elective birth at 39 weeks' gestation and the risk of childhood developmental vulnerability. Design, Setting, and Participants For this cohort study, 2 causal inference analyses were conducted using Australian statewide, population-based data. Perinatal data from births between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2013, were linked to childhood developmental outcomes at age 4 to 6 years (assessed using multiple imputation via inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment). Data analyses were conducted between September 7 and November 9, 2021. Exposures Two exposure groups were considered: (1) elective birth between 39 weeks and 0 days' and 39 weeks and 6 days' gestation vs expectant management and (2) birth via induction of labor vs planned cesarean delivery among those born electively at 39 weeks' gestation. Main Outcomes and Measures Childhood developmental vulnerability at school entry, defined as scoring below the 10th percentile in at least 2 of 5 developmental domains (physical health and well-being, social competence, emotional maturity, school-based language and cognitive skills, and communication skills and general knowledge). Results Of 176 236 births with linked outcome data, 88 165 met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 15 927 (18.1%) were elective births at 39 weeks' gestation (induction of labor or planned cesarean delivery), and 72 238 (81.9%) were expectantly managed with subsequent birth between 40 and 43 weeks' gestation. Compared with expectant management, elective birth at 39 weeks' gestation was not associated with an altered risk of childhood global developmental vulnerability (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96-1.12) or with developmental vulnerability in any of the individual domains. In an analysis restricted to elective births at 39 weeks' gestation, induction of labor (n = 7928) compared with planned cesarean delivery (n = 7999) was not associated with childhood developmental vulnerability (aRR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.82-1.12) or with vulnerability in any individual domains. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, elective birth at 39 weeks' gestation was not associated with childhood developmental vulnerability. For those born electively at 39 weeks' gestation, birth after induction of labor or by elective cesarean delivery had similar developmental outcomes.
Measuring health-related quality of life measures in children: lessons from a pilot study

There is a debate in the health outcomes literature regarding who the most appropriate respondent is when assessing children’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In some cases, parent-proxy may be the only practical option where children are unable to self-complete an HRQoL questionnaire. However, children’s self-reported values may be preferable because HRQoL is subjective and represents the respondent own perception of health. We collected the youth version of the EQ-5D-3L as part of a feasibility study comparing psychoanalytic child psychotherapy with usual care for children aged 5-11 years with treatment resistant conduct disorders. The questionnaires were completed at baseline and 4-month follow-up by the child via face-to-face researcher administration, and by one parent as a proxy respondent. We present percentages of completion at each time-point and investigate the level of agreement between child and proxy-respondent on the child’s health. About two thirds of children (65.5%) were able to complete the EQ-5D-Y at baseline and 34.4% at follow-up. Children and primary carers were mostly concordant regarding overall child’s health. Parents reported more problems in ‘doing usual activities’ and ‘feeling worried, sad or unhappy’ and fewer problems with ‘pain’ and ‘looking after oneself’ than children did. The reports regarding ‘mobility’ were very similar between children and proxy-respondents. The assessment of quality of life by children using selfreport questionnaires is possible with the help of a face-to-face researcher, providing evidence that children should be asked to self-complete HRQoL questionnaires in trial studies.
Understanding the Magnitude of Psychological Differences Between Women and Men Requires Seeing the Forest and the Trees

Whether women and men are psychologically very similar or quite different is a contentious issue in psychological science. This article clarifies this issue by demonstrating that larger and smaller sex/gender differences can reflect differing ways of organizing the same data. For single psychological constructs, larger differences emerge from averaging multiple indicators that differ by sex/gender to produce scales of a construct’s overall typicality for women versus men. For example, averaging self-ratings on personality traits more typical of women or men yields much larger sex/gender differences on measures of the femininity and masculinity of personality. Sex/gender differences on such broad-gauge, thematic variables are large relative to differences on their component indicators. This increased effect magnitude for aggregated scales reflects gains in both their reliability and validity as indicators of sex/gender. In addition, in psychological domains such as vocational interests that are composed of many variables, at least some of which differ by sex/gender, the multivariate distance between women and men is typically larger than the differences on the component variables. These analyses encourage recognition of the interdependence of sex/gender similarity and difference in psychological data.
Enhancing fluxes through the mevalonate pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by engineering the HMGR and β‐alanine metabolism

Mevalonate (MVA) pathway is the core for terpene and sterol biosynthesis, whose metabolic flux influences the synthesis efficiency of such compounds. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an attractive chassis for the native active MVA pathway. Here, the truncated form of Enterococcus faecalis MvaE with only 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) activity was found to be the most effective enzyme for MVA pathway flux using squalene as the metabolic marker, resulting in 431‐fold and 9‐fold increases of squalene content in haploid and industrial yeast strains respectively. Furthermore, a positive correlation between MVA metabolic flux and β‐alanine metabolic activity was found based on a metabolomic analysis. An industrial strain SQ3‐4 with high MVA metabolic flux was constructed by combined engineering HMGR activity, NADPH regeneration, cytosolic acetyl‐CoA supply and β‐alanine metabolism. The strain was further evaluated as the chassis for terpenoids production. Strain SQ3‐4‐CPS generated from expressing β‐caryophyllene synthase in SQ3‐4 produced 11.86 ± 0.09 mg l−1 β‐caryophyllene, while strain SQ3‐5 resulted from down‐regulation of ERG1 in SQ3‐4 produced 408.88 ± 0.09 mg l−1 squalene in shake flask cultivations. Strain SQ3‐5 produced 4.94 g l−1 squalene in fed‐batch fermentation in cane molasses medium, indicating the promising potential for cost‐effective production of squalene.
Calcific Tendinopathy of the Shoulder: A Retrospective Comparison of Traditional Barbotage Versus Percutaneous Ultrasonic Barbotage

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare a traditional barbotage technique with percutaneous ultrasonic barbotage (PUB) for the treatment of rotator cuff (RC) calcific tendinopathy. Design: Three-year retrospective review. Setting: Participants aged 18 to 75 presenting at 2 highly specialized outpatient orthopedic referral centers with symptomatic RC calcific tendinopathy. Patients: There were 75 patients included (23 patients in the traditional barbotage group; 52 patients in the PUB group) with an average age of 55.3(6.5) and 55.9(9.8), respectively. There was no significant difference in demographics between groups. Interventions: Traditional barbotage or PUB. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcome measure was pain rated on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) with secondary outcomes investigating patient satisfaction. Results: The barbotage and PUB group demonstrated a significant improvement in pain (barbotage 2.4, P = 0.01; PUB = 2.6, P < 0.001) with no statistically significant difference between the 2 treatment modalities (95% CI: −1.8 to 2.2; P = 0.83, P = 0.83). Median follow-up for NPRS recordings was 17-weeks in the barbotage group and 8-weeks in the PUB group (P = 0.004). Both groups demonstrated similar patient-reported satisfaction, without major complications. Conclusion: The traditional barbotage and PUB procedures improved pain with a high patient satisfaction rate. Level of evidence: Level III.
Learning Heuristics With Different Representations for Stochastic Routing

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in real-world routing applications. The automated design of the routing policy by hyperheuristic methods is an effective technique to handle the uncertainty and to achieve online routing for dynamic or stochastic routing problems. Currently, the tree representation routing policy evolved by genetic programming is commonly adopted because of the remarkable flexibility. However, numeric representations have never been used. Considering the practicability of the numeric representations and the capability of the numeric optimization methods, in this article, we investigate two numeric representations on a representative stochastic routing problem and uncertain capacitated arc routing problem. Specifically, a linear representation and an artificial neural-network (ANN) representation are implemented and compared with the tree representation to reveal the potential of the numeric representations and the characteristics of their optimization. Experimental results show that the tree representation is the best choice, but on a majority of the test instances, the numeric representations, especially the ANN representation, can provide competitive performance. Further analyses also show that training a good ANN representation policy requires more training data than the tree representation. Finally, a guideline of representation selection is given.
Activated polymorphonuclear derived extracellular vesicles are potential biomarkers of periprosthetic joint infection

Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered as crucial players in a wide variety of biological processes. Although their importance in joint diseases or infections has been shown by numerous studies, much less is known about their function in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Our aim was to investigate activated polymorphonuclear (PMN)-derived synovial EVs in patients with PJI. Questions/Purposes (1) Is there a difference in the number and size of extracellular vesicles between periprosthetic joint aspirates of patients with PJI and aseptic loosening? (2) Are these vesicles morphologically different in the two groups? (3) Are there activated PMN-derived EVs in septic samples evaluated by flow cytometry after CD177 labelling? (4) Is there a difference in the protein composition carried by septic and aseptic vesicles? Methods Thirty-four patients (n = 34) were enrolled into our investigation, 17 with PJI and 17 with aseptic prosthesis loosening. Periprosthetic joint fluid was aspirated and EVs were separated. Samples were analysed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry (after Annexin V and CD177 labelling). The protein content of the EVs was studied by mass spectrometry (MS). Results NTA showed particle size distribution in both groups between 150 nm and 450 nm. The concentration of EVs was significantly higher in the septic samples (p = 0.0105) and showed a different size pattern as compared to the aseptic ones. The vesicular nature of the particles was confirmed by TEM and differential detergent lysis. In the septic group, FC analysis showed a significantly increased event number both after single and double labelling with fluorochrome conjugated Annexin V (p = 0.046) and Annexin V and anti-CD177 (p = 0.0105), respectively. MS detected a significant difference in the abundance of lactotransferrin (p = 0.00646), myeloperoxidase (p = 0.01061), lysozyme C (p = 0.04687), annexin A6 (p = 0.03921) and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (p = 0.03146) between the studied groups. Conclusions An increased number of activated PMN derived EVs were detected in the synovial fluid of PJI patients with a characteristic size distribution and a specific protein composition. The activated PMNs-derived extracellular vesicles can be potential biomarkers of PJI.
Mental Health Burden in Enlisted and Commissioned U.S. Military Veterans: Importance of Indirect Trauma Exposure in Commissioned Veterans

Objective To: 1) identify sociodemographic and military differences between enlisted and commissioned U.S. military veterans; (2) examine sociodemographic, military, trauma, and mental health histories of enlisted and commissioned veterans; and (3) evaluate interactions between enlistment status and trauma exposures in relation to mental health. Method Data were analyzed from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative sample of U.S. military veterans. Screening instruments were used to assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), alcohol and drug use disorders (AUD, DUD), and suicidal ideation (SI). Post-stratification weights were applied to analyses to permit generalizability to the U.S. veteran population. Results Enlisted veterans (7.5%–13.1%) were more likely than commissioned veterans (3.5%–11.1%) to screen positive for most mental health outcomes. Multivariable analyses revealed enlisted veterans were more likely than commissioned veterans to report past-year SI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.48). Enlistment status interacted with exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), such that greater exposure to indirect PTEs was associated with a greater likelihood of screening positive for PTSD (OR = 1.12) and GAD (OR = 1.10) among commissioned relative to enlisted veterans. Commissioned veterans with higher exposures to adverse childhood experiences had increased odds (OR = 1.36) of endorsing SI relative to enlisted veterans. Conclusions The study found that while enlisted veterans had higher rates of SI relative to commissioned veterans, commissioned veterans with higher exposure to indirect PTEs may have an increased risk of screening positive for PTSD and GAD.
Visualization of Electrical Architectures In the Automotive Domain Based on

The use of software in automotive engineering keeps on growing higher every year. This has an impact on a data stored in a database in such a way that a structure of data stored becomes complex due to hierarchy and hence difficult to understand. The benefit of visualizing a complex data structure of a system facilitates a quick learning of how a system work and a general understanding of where to locate a particular piece of data in a database. A large focus in the industries is placed more on innovating new features of a car by improving current software built in a car’s system and also developing new software. There is rather less focus in visualizing the software which have already been implemented in a car’s system since the visualization does not provide direct value. The purpose of this study is to provide an automated visualization of a current implementation of software data that is stored in a database and to understand the needs of different stakeholders who work with the database. The visualization is meant to cover the needs, which are functional and non-functional requirements, of different stakeholders interacting with a database to aid the understanding of a system and to facilitate decision making in their work. Our focus of the study has been to understand the field of automotive software engineering, its architecture, understanding how to get the needs of stakeholders, implementing an automated software visualization and finally gather more stakeholders’ needs regarding the visualization of data. The visualization was done on a small sub-system of the car showing how the logical components were connected to one another via input and output signals, this covers a view in an automotive architecture called a logical view. On the later stage of the thesis, we interviewed other stakeholders to gather more needs towards automated visualization. One of their needs we gathered was that the stakeholders wanted to have another view which is named a physical view in the automotive industry. In additional to that, the stakeholders proposed to have an interactive way when visualizing the data, meaning that the visualization should provide the ability to view less or more details, to be able to filter the contents, to sort the contents and also to have the output that can easily be understood without cracking your brain.
Bempedoic acid and its role in contemporary management of hyperlipidemia in atherosclerosis

Abstract Atherosclerotic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the USA. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been the target for many hypolipidemic agents to modify atherosclerotic risk. Bempedoic acid is a novel hypolipidemic drug that inhibits the enzymatic activity of ATP citrate lyase in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. CLEAR Harmony, CLEAR Wisdom, CLEAR Tranquillity and CLEAR Serenity have shown safety and efficacy associated with long term administration of this drug. Studies have shown effectiveness in reducing LDL-C in both statin intolerant patients and in patients on maximally tolerated doses of statin. The fixed drug combination of bempedoic acid and ezetimibe in a recent phase III showed significant reduction in LDL compared with placebo, which might be a promising future for LDL reduction among statin intolerant patients. Bempedoic acid also reduced inflammatory markers like hs-CRP. Given these results, bempedoic acid alone and in combination with ezetimibe received the USA FDA approval for adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia or established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We present a comprehensive review exploring the underlying mechanism, pre-clinical studies, and clinical trials of bempedoic acid and discuss the potential future role of the drug in treating hyperlipidaemia.
Influence of dental education on adoption and integration of technological aids in the delivery of endodontic care by dental practitioners: a survey

Abstract Objective To investigate adoption and integration of technological aids during endodontic treatment and where dental practitioners (DPs) learnt to use this technology. Materials and methods An electronic questionnaire was distributed to all 459 dentists who graduated from University of Bergen between 2008 and 2018. The respondents were divided into two cohorts, older graduates (2008–2013) and newer graduates(2014–2018). Results A total of 314(68.4%) DPs answered the questionnaire. Magnification in the form of dental operating microscopes (DOM) and dental loupes was used by 180 (59.6%), electronic apex locators (EAL) by 271(89.7%) and motor-driven files by 281 (93.4%) DPs. The most frequent response, as to where they learnt to use them was: during undergraduate dental (UG) education. Significantly more newer graduates (90.7%) performed instrumentation based on what they learnt during UG education (p < .001). Older graduates based their instrumentation method equally on what they learnt during UG education (51.9%) and continuing dental education(42.6%). Rubber dam was used during all treatment procedures by 93% of the DPs. Conclusions UG education is a communication channel with long-lasting importance for adoption and integration of technology by DPs. Exposure to innovations (awareness) during UG education is adequate for integration of technology. Continuing dental education is as valuable as UG education for adoption of technology for older graduates.
Furnace refractory maintenance and slap splashing

LTV's Indiana Harbor Works has increased BOF campaign life and achieved substantial reductions in refractory costs by using slag coating and slag splashing techniques. The BOF shop has set three consecutive world records for lining life with low gunning consumption. Furnace availability in 1994 rose to 97 percent from 78 percent in 1984.
(2015). Why do some neurons in cortex respond to information in a selective manner? Insights from artificial neural networks. Cognition, 47-63.

Why do some neurons in hippocampus and cortex respond to information in a highly selective manner? It has been hypothesized that neurons in hippocampus encode information in a highly selective manner in order to support fast learning without catastrophic interference, and that neurons in cortex encode information in a highly selective manner in order to co-activate multiple items in short-term memory (STM) without suffering a superposition catastrophe. However, the latter hypothesis is at odds with the widespread view that neural coding in the cortex is highly distributed in order to support generalization. We report a series of simulations that characterize the conditions in which recurrent Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) models of immediate serial can recall novel words. We found that these models learned localist codes when they succeeded in generalizing to novel words. That is, just as fast learning may explain selective coding in hippocampus, STM and generalization may help explain the existence of selective codes in cortex.
Simultaneous Double Q-learning with Conservative Advantage Learning for Actor-Critic Methods

—Actor-critic Reinforcement Learning (RL) algo- rithms have achieved impressive performance in continuous control tasks. However, they still suffer two nontrivial obstacles, i.e., low sample efﬁciency and overestimation bias. To this end, we propose Simultaneous Double Q-learning with Conservative Advantage Learning (SDQ-CAL). Our SDQ-CAL boosts the Double Q-learning for off-policy actor-critic RL based on a modiﬁcation of the Bellman optimality operator with Advantage Learning. Speciﬁcally, SDQ-CAL improves sample efﬁciency by modifying the reward to facilitate the distinction from experience between the optimal actions and the others. Besides, it mitigates the overestimation issue by updating a pair of critics simultaneously upon double estimators. Extensive experiments reveal that our algorithm realizes less biased value estimation and achieves state-of-the-art performance in a range of continuous control benchmark tasks. We release the source code of our method at:
ACM - Attribute Conditioning for Abstractive Multi Document Summarization

Abstractive multi document summarization has evolved as a task through the basic sequence to sequence approaches to transformer and graph based techniques. Each of these approaches has primarily focused on the issues of multi document information synthe-sis and attention based approaches to extract salient information. A challenge that arises with multi document summarization which is not prevalent in single document summarization is the need to effectively summarize multiple documents that might have conﬂicting polarity, sentiment or subjective information about a given topic. In this paper we propose ACM, attribute conditioned multi document summarization,a model that incorporates attribute conditioning modules in order to decouple conﬂicting information by conditioning for a certain attribute in the output summary. This approach shows strong gains in ROUGE score over baseline multi document summarization approaches and shows gains in ﬂuency, informativeness and reduction in repetitiveness as shown through a human annotation analysis study.