Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The challenges and opportunities of delivering wireless high speed broadband services in Rural and Remote Australia: A Case Study of Western Downs Region (WDR)

This paper critically assesses wireless broadband internet infrastructure, in the rural and remote communities of WDR in terms of supply, demand and utilisation. Only 8 of 20 towns have ADSL/ADSL2+, and only 3 towns have 4G mobile network coverage. Conversely all of the towns have 2G/3G mobile network coverage but have problems with speed, reliability of service and capacity to handle data traffic loads at peak times. Satellite broadband internet for remote areas is also patchy at best. Satisfaction with existing wireless broadband internet services is highly variable across rural and remote communities in WDR. Finally we provide suggestions to improve broadband internet access for rural and remote communities. Public and private investment and sharing of wired and wireless broadband internet infrastructure is needed to provide the backhaul networks and 4G mobile and fixed wireless services to ensure high speed, reliable and affordable broadband services for rural and remote communities.
Disruptive Transformation of Enterprise Supply Chain Performance: Strategic Business Networks to Improve Business Value

In a dynamically changing world, businesses must transform themselves to survive. Although the necessity for change may be apparent; how to change is not. Learning from the experiences of successful pioneers in a core business function is useful. Procurement is essential for all organisations. It is how organisations acquire assets and inputs including facilities, materials and people. Traditionally, the business objective from procurement was to increase availability and reduce costs. Subsequently, the objective became more tactical. Leading procurement practice today is disruptive; beyond cost to creating value. The strategy for market leaders has also transformed; from competition to collaboration. Technology-enabled business networks are now driving business disruption globally. Through a rigorous field study of two world-class pioneering corporations, this paper explores how disruption is transforming Enterprise Supply Chains. Lessons, contributions and their implications for current IS theory and practice, are discussed.
Simulated and projected climate extremes in the Zhujiang River Basin, South China, using the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM

This study presents a detailed analysis of simulated and projected climate extremes in the Zhujiang River Basin (ZRB). Daily output from the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM (CCLM), driven by the ECHAM5 general circulation model, is used. The hindcast simulation covers the period from 1961 to 2000 while the projection concentrates on the near future period from 2011 to 2050. Spatio‐temporal statistical characteristics are investigated for three temperature and three precipitation indicators. The six simulated annual and monthly indicators are statistically compared with synoptic observations. The analysis is based on daily values of 195 grid points and 192 meteorological stations.
Farm Technical Efficiency under the Seasonal Milk Production of the Dual-Purpose Cattle System in El Salvador

The objective of this research was to calculate the technical efficiency and its determinants in seasonal milk production of dual-purpose cattle system farms of El Salvador (DPCS). Seasons were classified as rainy (May-October) and dry (November-April). The stochastic production frontier model through the Cobb-Douglas specification was used to provide the technical efficiency score and its determinants for the production data of the 2009 rainy season and the 2010 dry season of the DPCS farms from South East El Salvador. The results showed that the mean technical efficiency was 14% higher for the dry season than for the rainy season. Moreover, more farms obtained higher efficiency scores in the dry season. In the rainy season, milk production was attributed to labor and farmland, whereas in the dry season, it was attributed to the decrease of herd size. Therefore, we suggest adopting strategies such as increased cow productivity and improved feed quality to increase the overall technical efficiency of DPCS farms.
Recent temperature variability and change in the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru

This work analysed the changes in air temperature in 25 meteorological stations in the Altiplano and the surrounding Andean slopes of Bolivia and Peru, and their relationship with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (SO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The analysis focused on annual, warm season (DJF) and cold season (JJA) maximum and minimum temperatures. All analyses were undertaken during 1965–2012, but some analyses were also from 1945 and 1955 when data were available. Principal component analysis was applied to the annual and seasonal series to identify spatial differences of changes in maximum and minimum air temperature. There was an overall increase of temperatures since the mid‐20th century. The most intense and spatially coherent warming was observed for annual and warm season maximum temperature, with warming rates from 0.15 to 0.25 °C decade−1. Changes in the cold season maximum temperature were more heterogeneous, and statistically significant trends were mostly in the Bolivian Altiplano. Minimum temperatures increased, but there was higher spatial variability and lower rates of warming. Maximum temperature was negatively correlated with the Southern Oscillation index (SO) in the warm season, and positively correlated with the SO in the cold season; there were less statistically significant correlations with the PDO, that exhibited inverse sign than those for SO. The strongest correlations were in the region near Lake Titicaca. The negative correlation of minimum temperatures with SO and the positive correlation of minimum temperatures with PDO were lower than the observed for maximum temperature. The changes in temperature and correlations with SO and PDO were highly dependent on the selected period, with stronger trends in the last 30–40 years. This suggests reinforcement of warming rates that cannot be only explained by SO and PDO variability.
BIOREMEDIATION OF A CRUDE OIL POLLUTED TROPICAL RAIN FOREST SOIL

A combination of options including Biostimulation with agricultural fertilizers, Bioaugumentation and physical processes were evaluated in-situ in the clean-up of crude oil polluted tropical rain forest soil for a period of nine weeks. Soil physicochemical parameters such as moisture (19% to 13%), pH (6.34 to 4.5) and organic carbon (85% to 1.5%) dropped during the remediation treatment. Total Nitrogen increased (0.021% to 0.081%) with increase in period of remediation. There was an increase in the total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) and hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial (HUB) counts in all the remediation options throughout the period. The control site O (no treatment employed) revealed no significant hydrocarbon loss (2%) within the study period. The hydrocarbon losses (73% to 88 %) experienced in five other options were significantly different from the control. Option A (a combination of Biostimulation and Bioaugumentation with indigenous HUB, hot water washing and tilling) recorded a hydrocarbon loss of 83%. Option B (a combination of mixing uncontaminated soil from a different location with polluted soil, tilling and Bioaugumentation with indigenous hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria) produced the lowest level of hydrocarbon loss (73%). Option C (a combination of Biostimulation, Bioaugumentation with indigenous HUB) recorded the highest level of hydrocarbon loss (88%). Option D (a combination of Bioaugumentation with genetically engineered strains of hydrocarbon utilizing Pseudomonas, Biostimulation and tilling) produced a hydrocarbon loss of 82%. Option D1 (a combination of Biostimulation with tilling) produced a hydrocarbon loss of 86%. These results suggest that Biostimulation with tilling (nutrient enhanced in-situ bioremediation) and or the combination ofBiostimulation and Bioaugumentation with indigenous hydrocarbon utilizers would be effective in the remediation of crude oil polluted tropical soils. Key Words: Bioremediation, Bioaugumentation, Biostimulation, Hydrocarbon, Fertilizer [Global Jnl Environ Sci Vol.2(1) 2003: 29-40]
Sediment mixing and accumulation rate effects on radionuclide depth profiles in Hudson estuary sediments

Measured anthropogenic radionuclide profiles in sediment cores from the Hudson River estuary were compared with profiles computed by using known input histories of radionuclides to the estuary and mixing coefficients which decreased exponentially with depth in the sediment. Observed /sup 134/Cs sediment depth profiles were used in the mixing rate computation because reactor releases were the only significant source for this nuclide, whereas the inputs of /sup 137/Cs and /sup 239.240/Pu to the estuary were complicated by runoff or erosion in upstream areas, in addition to direct fallout from precipitation. Our estimates for the rates of surface sediment mixing in the low salinity reach of the estuary range from 0.25 to 1 cm/sup 2//yr, or less. In some areas of the harbor adjacent to New York City, were fine-particle accumulation rates are generally >3 cm/yr, and often as high as 10 to 20 cm/yr, sediment mixing rates as high as 10 cm/sup 2//yr would have little effect on radionuclide peak distributions. Consequently, anthropogenic radionuclide maximum activities in subsurface sediments of the Hudson appear to be useful as time-stratigraphic reference levels, which can be correlated with periods of maximum radionuclide inputs for estimating rates and patterns of sediment accumulation.
Linear Contributions of Different Time Scales to Teleconnectivity

The contributions of different time scales to extratropical teleconnections are examined. By applying empirical orthogonal functions and correlation analyses to reanalysis data, it is shown that eddies with periods shorter than 10 days have no linear contribution to teleconnectivity. Instead, synoptic variability follows wavelike patterns along the storm tracks, interpreted as propagating baroclinic disturbances. In agreement with preceding studies, it is found that teleconnections such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Pacific‐North America (PNA) pattern occur only at low frequencies, typically for periods more than 20 days. Low-frequency potential vorticity variability is shown to follow patterns analogous to known teleconnections but with shapes that differ considerably from them. It is concluded that the role, if any, of synoptic eddies in determining and forcing teleconnections needs to be sought in nonlinear interactions with the slower transients. The present results demonstrate that daily variability of teleconnection indices cannot be interpreted in terms of the teleconnection patterns, only the slow part of the variability.
Quantitative understanding of the performance of upland rice – cover legume cropping systems in West Africa

Keywords: upland rice, relay intercropping, modelling, cover crops, improved fallow. Reducing the long fallow period by replacing the natural fallow with fast growing legume species to improve soil fertility, control weeds or to grow additional forage necessitate selection of suitable species for those objectives. In three agroecological zone in West Africa, rice grain yield increased by 20 to 30% following legume fallow compared to a natural fallow. Within an agroecological zone, yield differed significantly depending on the management of the cover crop residues. Burning of the residues had a positive effect on yield in the derived savanna zone as well as the Guinea savanna zone. Residue incorporation was superior to farmer' practice of removing the residues. In contrast to the savanna zones, farmers' practice of residue burning in the forest zone, produced the highest yield. Basic information on morphology and growth characteristics was collected to compare productivity and competitiveness of six legume cover crop species ( Crotalaria juncea , Cajanus cajan , Mucuna pruriens var. cochinchinensis , Calopogonium mucunoides , Aeschynomene histrix and Stylosanthes hamata ) in monoculture. The most competitive species were identified as the most productive. On average N accumulation was 70 kg ha - 1, ranging from 25 kg ha - 1for S. hamata and A. histrix to 227 for P . phaseoloides . In the savannah zone of West Africa with a prolonged dry season, the successful growth of legume species as short-season fallow necessitates relay establishment of the cover crops into the preceding food crop. To understand interactions between the components of a relay cropping system and the underlying mechanisms, two contrasting species C. cajan (highly competitive) and S. hamata (less competitive) were intercropped with two rice cultivars WAB56-50 and WAB450-24-3-2-P18-HB syn. V4. Rice biomass and grain yield were significantly (p - legume biomass relationship showed that C. cajan was the most suitable legume speciesfor a relay intercropping system with upland rice, as it produced reasonable amounts of biomass at low levels of rice grain yield loss. Further analysis of the results by dynamic modelling of the cropping system revealed that the inferior performance of S. hamata was indirectly caused by its weak competitiveness, which required a relatively early introduction of this legume. The combination of early introduction and short growth duration of this species prevented a rapid leaf canopy development after rice harvest, resulting in a relatively poor biomass production. It was concluded that options to improve legume biomass production in upland rice-legume intercropping systems in the savanna zone of West Africa should strongly focus on maximization of legume biomass production in the period following rice maturity, when residual soil moisture still allows for additional growth.
Cycles of singularities appearing in the resolution problem in positive characteristic

We present a hypersurface singularity in positive characteristic which is defined by a purely inseparable power series, and a sequence of point blowups so that, after applying the blowups to the singularity, the same type of singularity reappears after the last blowup, with just certain exponents of the defining power series shifted upwards. The construction hence yields a cycle. Iterating this cycle leads to an infinite increase of the residual order of the defining power series. This disproves a theorem claimed by Moh about the stability of the residual order under sequences of blowups. It is not a counterexample to the resolution in positive characteristic since larger centers are also permissible and prevent the phenomenon from happening.
Effects of locally enhanced vertical diffusivity over rough bathymetry on the world ocean circulation

Observations indicate that vertical diffusivity in the deep ocean is considerably enhanced over rough bathymetry and is very small elsewhere. Here we investigate effects of locally enhanced vertical diffusivity over rough bottom topography on the world ocean circulation by use of a coarse resolution ocean general circulation model. Vertical diffusivity is enhanced in the model, taking into account effects of internal tide breaking. For comparison, two cases of an experiment are carried out, where vertical diffusivity increases with depth without horizontal inhomogeneity. Horizontal distribution of deep upwelling is qualitatively different, depending on whether or not vertical diffusivity is horizontally inhomogeneous. Upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water in the Pacific and Antarctic Bottom Water in the Atlantic is confined where vertical diffusivity is enhanced in the case of horizontally inhomogeneous vertical diffusivity, whereas it is horizontally uniform in the other cases. This difference leads to different three-dimensional structure of the deep circulation.
Long time‐scale variability in GRS 1915+105

We present very high resolution hydrodynamical simulations of accretion discs in black hole X-ray binaries accreting near the Eddington limit. The results show that mass loss, irradiation and tidal interactions all have a profound effect on the observed behaviour of long-period X-ray transients. In particular, the interplay of all of these effects in the outer regions of the accretion disc is able to drive long time-scale (weeks to years) variability is these objects, and is a possible origin for some of the extreme variability of GRS 1915+105.
Influence of SST Anomalies on Winter Turbulent Heat Fluxes in the Eastern Kuroshio–Oyashio Confluence Region

AbstractVariations in the turbulent heat flux (THF; the sum of the sensible and latent heat fluxes) in the eastern Kuroshio–Oyashio confluence region (EKOCR; 36°–40°N, 155°–160°E) were investigated over a period of 27 consecutive winters (December–February) from 1985/86 to 2011/12. The THF was calculated from a bulk formula using daily variables [surface wind speed, surface air specific humidity, surface air temperature, and sea surface temperature (SST)] of the objectively analyzed air–sea fluxes (OAFlux) dataset and bulk coefficients based on the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) bulk flux algorithm 3.0. The winter THF over the EKOCR showed low-frequency variations, with larger THF values in the early 2000s and smaller values in the late 1990s and late 2000s. The heat release in the early 2000s was up to ~40% greater than that in the late 1990s and late 2000s. By performing experiments using combinations of daily raw data values and daily clim.
Graphite-bearing peraluminous dacites from the Erlend volcanic complex, Faeroe-Shetland Basin, North Atlantic

Abstract Strongly peraluminous, cordierite-bearing anatectic dacites from the offshore Tertiary Erlend volcanic centre, north of the Shetland Isles, are shown to contain graphite which is interpreted as being essentially a restite phase inherited from carbonaceous pelitic source rocks. The form and characteristics of the graphite are documented and graphite geothermometry applied to establish that the graphite records a minimum peak temperature of ~800°C, confirming that temperatures at which anatexis occurs were attained. The different morphological forms of graphite observed suggest the possibility that minor amounts of fluid-deposited graphite may also be present. The chemistry of the Erlend dacites is compared with that of other known examples of graphite-bearing peraluminous silicic igneous rocks and briefly with experimentally generated peraluminous liquid compositions. The Erlend source rocks were probably subjected to a higher degree of partial melting than has occurred in the petrogenesis of many other anatectic peraluminous silicic rocks.
Transverse Ribs: Their Characteristics, Origin and Paleohydraulic Significance

Abstract Transverse ribs — a gravel bedform in shallow, high-energy fluvial systems — are a series of narrow, current-normally orientated accumulations of large clasts. On Spring Creek alluvial fan, Yukon, they are common and occur in braided channels and on longitudinal bars. Aspects of their occurrence indicate that rib sequences form very rapidly (via abrupt stages) upon waning flow over surfaces that are often immobile. Previous flume experiments showed that ribs can form beneath an upstream-migrating hydraulic jump. On the grounds that super-critical flow is rare in Spring Creek, and prompted by observations in a large flume, this study supports and extends the viewpoint that transverse ribs are relict antidune bedforms. This alternative hypothesis receives support from the nature of bivariate relationships of rib wavelength versus rib width and coarseness of rib material, as well as from a successful prediction of paleoflow parameters, using data from Spring Creek and another study. Paleovelocity is calculated on the basis of antidune wavelength and an equation for competence. Two methods, based on clast size versus shear stress relations, are selected for estimating paleodepth: the results indicate that large error arises if reconstruction is attempted for flow over abnormally low-sloped sections of the alluvial surface. The analysis concludes that a large majority of rib-forming flows are sub-critical, and it is suggested that the development of kinematic waves assists rib formation. The preservation potential and/or ease of recognition of rib sequences in ancient alluvium appears to be low. However, because direct hydrologic investigation in rib-forming environments during high-stage flow is hampered by practical difficulties, ribs assume considerable importance by supplying this information indirectly, with reasonable accuracy.
Measurement of light attenuation extends the application of suspended sediment monitoring in rivers

Abstract. Turbidity is often monitored continuously as a proxy for suspended sediment in catchment sediment load studies, but is less often applied to measuring optical ‘loads’ as they affect water quality in downstream waters. We added measurements of visual clarity, from which light (beam) attenuation can be estimated, to auto-sampler monitoring over storm events in tributary rivers of the Kaipara Harbour, a large barrier enclosed estuary complex in northern New Zealand. This paper presents, for the first time, evidence of the mutual relationships between turbidity, total suspended sediment (TSS), and visual clarity, from water samples collected under event flow conditions. The mutual relationships between turbidity, TSS and visual clarity for our monitoring sites were fairly close over about three orders of magnitude (TSS ranging from about 1–1000 mg L −1 ). Our results show that visual clarity (and hence light attenuation) can be predicted from turbidity, at least as precisely as more traditional predictions of TSS from turbidity. The estimation of light attenuation and corresponding load estimates from visual clarity measurements, for relatively little marginal extra effort, extends the environmental relevance and application of suspended sediment monitoring.