Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Automation of Statistical Reasoning a Suitable Mindware in a Base-Rate Neglect Task?

Until recently, studies within the dual-process approach were mainly focused on group differences in processing, and individual differences were neglected. However, individual differences have proven to be a significant factor in conflict detection efficiency and the overall success in base-rate neglect and similar tasks. This should be taken into consideration within the framework of the Hybrid Model of Dual Processing. New tendencies in the development of this model have focused attention on the degree of mindware instantiation as a predictor of base-rate neglect task efficiency. This study aimed to examine the relationship between mindware and base-rate neglect task efficiency and to test and explore the relationship between base-rate response frequency and conflict detection efficiency and the degree of mindware instantiation. All participants solved base-rate neglect tasks, made judgments of confidence in their responses, and solved the Statistical Reasoning Test, Cognitive Reflection Test and Numeracy Scale. We used the Statistical Reasoning Test as a measure of mindware instantiation. The degree of mindware instantiation was found to be the only significant predictor of base-rate neglect task efficiency and the results showed that participants with a higher degree of mindware instantiation generally made more base-rate responses. No correlation was found between the degree of mindware instantiation and conflict detection efficiency. These findings support the hypothesis that the power of logical intuition depends on the individual’s degree of mindware instantiation. Therefore, the results of this research indicate the importance of further research into the role of statistical reasoning in base-rate neglect task efficiency. However, we discuss that there are some methodological limitations in this research which might explain why the degree of mindware instantiation had no relationship with conflict efficiency.
Sensory suppression and increased neuromodulation during actions disrupt memory encoding of unpredictable self‐initiated stimuli

Actions modulate sensory processing by attenuating responses to self- compared to externally-generated inputs, which is traditionally attributed to stimulus-specific motor predictions. Yet, suppression has been also found for stimuli merely coinciding with actions, pointing to unspecific processes that may be driven by neuromodulatory systems. Meanwhile, the differential processing for self-generated stimuli raises the possibility of producing effects also on memory for these stimuli, however, evidence remains mixed as to the direction of the effects. Here, we assessed the effects of actions on sensory processing and memory encoding of concomitant, but unpredictable sounds, using a combination of self-generation and memory recognition task concurrently with EEG and pupil recordings. At encoding, subjects performed button presses that half of the time generated a sound (motor-auditory; MA) and listened to passively presented sounds (auditory-only; A). At retrieval, two sounds were presented and participants had to respond which one was present before. We measured memory bias and memory performance by having sequences where either both or only one of the test sounds were presented at encoding, respectively. Results showed worse memory performance – but no differences in memory bias – and attenuated responses and larger pupil diameter for MA compared to A sounds. Critically, the larger the sensory attenuation and pupil diameter, the worse the memory performance for MA sounds. Nevertheless, sensory attenuation did not correlate with pupil dilation. Collectively, our findings suggest that sensory attenuation and neuromodulatory processes coexist during actions, and both relate to disrupted memory for concurrent, albeit unpredictable sounds.
COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC STUDIES THROUGH LINE × TESTER IN LOCAL AND EXOTIC UPLAND COTTON GENOTYPES

Combining ability is mostly used by breeders to select appropriate parental cultivars to produce the larger progeny of new combinations through their hybridization. The objectives of this research were to estimate general combining ability of parents and specific combining abilities of F1 hybrids, to identify suitable parents and hybrids for yield and its contributing traits, fiber quality parameters and also determine the heterosis in F1 populations. In this study, 35 F1 hybrids obtained by crossing five local lines (Turkey) with seven exotic testers (USA, Pakistan, Greece and Israel) in line × tester mating system during 2008 and were planted in randomized complete block design with four replications during 2009. Analysis revealed significant GCA and SCA mean squares for all the traits, however, non-additive gene action was predominant. Among parents, Sahin 2000 and Tamcot-22 were the best general combiners for yield and its components, and Carmen was the best general combiner for improvement in fiber quality. The best specific combinations were S-2000 × SJ-U86 and GSN-12 × NIAB-999 for boll number; BA-119 × DPL90 for boll weight; S-2000 × NIAB-999 for seed cotton yield; GSN-12 × Eva for fiber length; GSN-12 × AZ-31 and BA-119 × Tamcot-22 for fiber strength. In F1 hybrids, the highest heterosis was observed for yield, boll number, boll weight and lint % with values of 79.8, 19.8, 35.2, and 5.7%, respectively. Heterosis values for fiber quality parameters were generally lower than that for yield components and 14.1% heterosis was observed for micronaire. The F1 hybrids viz; Sahin-2000 × Tamcot-22, Sahin-2000 × NIAB-999, Carmen × Tamcot-22, and Carmen × NIAB-999 were noticed as high yielding hybrids with acceptable fiber quality parameters. Results also indicated that identification and selection of best new F1 hybrids should not be only based on GCA and SCA, but it must be coupled with mean performance.
Does Cement Augmentation of the Sacroiliac Screw Lead to Superior Biomechanical Results for Fixation of the Posterior Pelvic Ring? A Biomechanical Study

Background and Objectives: The stability of the pelvic ring mainly depends on the integrity of its posterior part. Percutaneous sacroiliac (SI) screws are widely implanted as standard of care treatment. The main risk factors for their fixation failure are related to vertical shear or transforaminal sacral fractures. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical performance of fixations using one (Group 1) or two (Group 2) standard SI screws versus one SI screw with bone cement augmentation (Group 3). Materials and Methods: Unstable fractures of the pelvic ring (AO/OTA 61-C1.3, FFP IIc) were simulated in 21 artificial pelvises by means of vertical osteotomies in the ipsilateral anterior and posterior pelvic ring. A supra-acetabular external fixator was applied to address the anterior fracture. All specimens were tested under progressively increasing cyclic loading until failure, with monitoring by means of motion tracking. Fracture site displacement and cycles to failure were evaluated. Results: Fracture displacement after 500 cycles was lowest in Group 3 (0.76 cm [0.30] (median [interquartile range, IQR])) followed by Group 1 (1.42 cm, [0.21]) and Group 2 (1.42 cm [1.66]), with significant differences between Groups 1 and 3, p = 0.04. Fracture displacement after 1000 cycles was significantly lower in Group 3 (1.15 cm [0.37]) compared to both Group 1 (2.19 cm [2.39]) and Group 2 (2.23 cm [3.65]), p ≤ 0.04. Cycles to failure (Group 1: 3930 ± 890 (mean ± standard deviation), Group 2: 3676 ± 348, Group 3: 3764 ± 645) did not differ significantly between the groups, p = 0.79. Conclusions: In our biomechanical setup cement augmentation of one SI screw resulted in significantly less displacement compared to the use of one or two SI screws. However, the number of cycles to failure was not significantly different between the groups. Cement augmentation of one SI screw seems to be a useful treatment option for posterior pelvic ring fixation, especially in osteoporotic bone.
Interchannel Nonlinearities in Coherent Polarization-Division-Multiplexed Quadrature-Phase-Shift- Keying Systems

We study with simulations interchannel nonlinear effects on a 42.8-Gb/s coherent polarization-division-multiplexed quadrature-phase-shift-keying (PDM-QPSK) system with and without dispersion management. We find that interchannel cross-phase-modulation induced nonlinear polarization scattering can severely degrade the performance of a dispersion-managed PDM-QPSK system. We demonstrate that the time-interleaved return-to-zero PDM-QPSK, where the symbols of the two polarizations are shifted by half a symbol in time, can significantly suppress the nonlinear polarization scattering in dispersion managed systems, and make systems with inline dispersion-compensation fiber (DCF) achieve better performance than those without DCF.
Prediction of flutter onset speed based on flight testing at subcritical speeds

2 Kidd, E. A. , Bull, G. , and Harper, R. P., Jr., "In-flight simulation—theory and application," AGARD Rept. 368 (April 1961). 3 Chalk, C. R. , "Additional flight evaluations of various longitudinal handling qualities in a variable-stability jet fighter," Wright Air Development Center WADC TR 57-719, Part II (1958). 4 McFadden, N. M. , Vomaske, R. F. , and Heinle, D. R. , "Flight investigation using variable-stability airplanes of minimum stability requirements for high-speed, high-altitude vehicles," NASA TND-779 (1961). 5 Bull, G. , "A flight investigation of acceptable roll to yaw ratio of the Dutch roll, and acceptable spiral divergence," Cornell Aeronautical Lab. Rept. TB-574-F-6 (February 12, 1952). 6 Liddell, C. J., Jr., Creer, B. Y. , and Van Dyke, R. D. , Jr., "A flight study of requirements for satisfactory lateral oscillatory characteristics of fighter aircraft," NACA RM A51E16 (1951). 7 Harper, R. P., Jr., "In-flight simulation of the lateraldirectional handling qualities of entry vehicles," Wright Air Development Center WADC TR 61-147 (November 1961). 8 Petersen, F. S. , Rediess, H. A. , and Weil, J., "Lateraldirectional control characteristics of the X-15 airplane," NASA TMX-726(1961). 9 McNeill, W. E. and Creer, B. Y. , "A summary of results obtained during flight simulation of several aircraft prototypes with variable-stability airplanes," NACA RM A56C08 (1956). 10 Breuhaus, W. O. , "Dry-run in the 'X-15'," Research Trends IX, Cornell Aeronaut. Lab. , 1-4 (1961). 11 Gould, D. G. , "The model controlled method for development of variable stability aircraft," Natl. Research Council of Canada Aeronautical Rept. LR-345 (June 1962). 12 Ashkenas, I. L. and McRuer, D. T. , "A theory of handling qualities derived from pilot-vehicle system considerations," Aeronaut. Eng. 21, 60-61, 83-102 (February 1962).
Spectral performance of frequency multipliers and dividers

A review of phase noise performance data for frequency multiplier (transistor and step-recovery diode impulse generator, and diode and transistor full-wave rectifier doubler) circuits and frequency divider (digital logic-level, analog regenerative and varactor diode) circuits is given. The data reveal large variations in the spectral performance exhibited by the various circuit types, and can be used as a database guide in the design of low-noise, frequency synthesizer hardware. <<ETX>>
First Report of Bacteremia Caused by Clostridium cadaveris in China

Background Bacteremia caused by C. cadaveris is an extremely rare infection that accounts for 0.5–2% of all positive blood cultures. C. cadaveris is an opportunistic agent that is highly lethal in immunocompromised or epithelial barrier disruption hosts. Case Presentation A 74-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a high fever. The patient was diagnosed with an abdominal infection after a bowel invasion and recurrence of an ovarian tumor after surgery. Blood sample culturing yielded transparent, smooth, moist, slightly raised colonies without a hemolytic ring. C. cadaveris was identified by gram staining and MALDI-TOF MS. 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed a sequence homologous to C. cadaveris in the GenBank database. Drug susceptibility testing showed that C. cadaveris was sensitive to cefoxitin, clindamycin, imipenem, meropenem, metronidazole, and vancomycin. After treatment, the patient’s body temperature was normal and she was discharged from the hospital. Conclusion This is the first case report of bacteremia caused by C. cadaveris in China and also the first report of identifying C. cadaveris in clinical specimens by MALDI-TOF MS. This case study could increase the awareness of these infections in China.
Evaluating critical success factors in public – private partnership water supply infrastructure projects

Research background: Public-private partnership (PPP) has been implemented in Vietnam since 1995 in the field of water supply. It is worth noting that not all governments are successful in implementing the PPP policy. According to studies in many countries in the region on the factors affecting the success of a PPP project, there are many similarities. However, differences in politics and administrative systems of each country can lead to changes in the influencing factors, changes in the degree of influence of the above factors on the success of the PPP project. Purpose of the article: This article aims to identify critical success factors (CSFs) that enable successful project execution, contributing to knowledge for practitioners in assessing the likelihood of success in executing a public-private partnerships PPP water supply project. Methods: In-depth interviews with PPP specialists in the water supply sector have confirmed the list of CSFs, after which the attributes are weighted to evaluate among different types of PPP by applying the AHP approach. The influences of CSFs were evaluated by data collected using a sample survey of 20 experts involved in the water supply sector and PPP projects in Vietnam. In Vietnam, the study finds seven CSFs affecting the success of PPP projects in the domestic water supply sector, including political environment, commitment of partners, strong consortium, asset quality/social support, national PPP unit, good governance, and project feasibility. Findings & Value added: The results reveal that the political environment is CSF that has the strongest impact on the success of the projects. As suggested by AHP, the BOO contract type of a PPP project in Vietnam water supply industry is chosen above the BOT contract.
Sub-optimal and robust path tracking: a geometric approach

Path tracking controllers for non-holonomic vehicles are commonly designed with primary focus on robustness to different kinds of disturbances, vehicle dynamics and other effects. Subsequently, the path tracking behavior is improved by parameter optimization or controller extensions. The possible improvement, however, is already limited by the control design itself. To overcome this drawback, this paper presents an alternative approach: In a first step, we formulate the geometrically optimal solution for a Dubins car reaching a straight target path as a globally stabilizing sliding-mode feedback law. In a second step, we introduce a single tuning parameter that achieves robustness with respect to exemplary matched disturbances. The result is a sub-optimal but robust controller. We investigate the impact of tuning this parameter towards optimality or robustness with respect to the transient and stationary tracking behavior in simulation scenarios. Following the presented approach, it is possible to adapt the control law with respect to various disturbances facing and utilizing the trade-off between optimality and robustness. This is a significant advantage in the design of path tracking controllers due to the variety of vehicle actuation and measurement systems and operational design domains.
Headache Worsening after COVID-19 Vaccination: An Online Questionnaire-Based Study on 841 Patients with Migraine

Vaccines have represented the breakthrough in the fight against COVID-19. Based on reported headache attacks after vaccination in randomized controlled trials, we focused on the effects of COVID-19 vaccine administration on the migraine population, using an online questionnaire published on Italian Facebook groups oriented to headache patients. We collected data about the demographics and clinical parameters of migraine severity, COVID-19 infection, vaccination, and characteristics of headaches following vaccination. Out of 841 migraine patients filling in the questionnaire, 66.47% and 60.15% patients experienced a headache attack (from 1 hour to 7 days) after the first and the second vaccine dose, respectively. The main finding concerns headaches perceived by 57.60% of patients: attacks following vaccination were referred to as more severe (50.62% of patients), long-lasting (52.80% of patients) and hardwearing (49.69% of patients) compared to the usually experienced migraine attacks. This could be related to the production of inflammatory mediators such as type Iβ interferon. Considering the high prevalence of migraine in the general population, awareness of the possibility of headaches worsening following COVID-19 vaccination in these patients may allow both patients and clinicians to face this clinical entity with conscious serenity, and to reduce the waste of resources towards inappropriate health-care.
Investigation of Long-Term Climate and Streamflow Patterns in Ontario

To develop mitigation and adaptation strategies for undesired consequences of climate change, it is important to understand the changing hydrological and climatological trends in the past few decades. Although the changing climate is a cause of concern for the entire planet, its effects can vary significantly on a regional scale. Canada has experienced a rapid rise in the annual mean surface air temperature in the past decades. The current study aims to investigate trends in monthly mean precipitation, rainfall, snowfall, maximum and minimum temperature, as well as baseflow, surface runoff, and total streamflow values for the province of Ontario, Canada. To the best of the author’s knowledge, a similar study involving rural and urban watersheds, that quantifies the impact of changing climate on temperature and other hydrological processes over a period ranging from 1968 to 2017, has not yet been conducted for Ontario. Man-Kendall trend test was used to analyze trends in the above mentioned climatic and hydrometric parameters for rural and urban watersheds situated in the northern and southern parts of Ontario. The results of this study indicate that the mean monthly minimum temperatures for rural watersheds situated in southern Ontario have increased significantly for the winter and summer months, which may have caused an increase in snowmelt and consequently the streamflow for the winter months in the region. Unlike the watersheds in southern Ontario, the northern watersheds witnessed relatively fewer instances of significant changes in mean monthly temperatures, and in some cases, declining rates have been noted. Similarly, only a few watersheds in the north saw a substantial drop in baseflow over the summer months. For nearly all the months, the average monthly minimum and maximum temperatures were found to increase for urban watersheds. The streamflow, baseflow, and surface runoff increased, likely due to rapid urbanization, resulting in a lower infiltration rate. These results will contriHow to cite this paper: Azarkhish, A. , Rudra, R. , Daggupati, P., Dhiman, J., Dickinson, T. , & Goel, P. (2021). Investigation of Long-Term Climate and Streamflow Patterns in Ontario. American Journal of Climate Change, 10, 467-489. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2021. 104024 Received: June 28, 2021 Accepted: December 14, 2021 Published: December 17, 2021 Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access
Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Study of Sorafenib and Morphine in Rats

A combination of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor—sorafenib—and the opioid analgesic—morphine—can be found in the treatment of cancer patients. Since both are substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and sorafenib is also an inhibitor of P-gp, their co-administration may affect their pharmacokinetics, and thus the safety and efficacy of cancer therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions between sorafenib and morphine using an animal model. The rats were divided into three groups that Received: sorafenib and morphine (ISOR+MF), sorafenib (IISOR), and morphine (IIIMF). Morphine caused a significant increase in maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and the area under the plasma concentration–time curves (AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞) of sorafenib by 108.3 (p = 0.003), 55.9 (p = 0.0115), and 62.7% (p = 0.0115), respectively. Also, the Cmax and AUC0–t of its active metabolite—sorafenib N-oxide—was significantly increased in the presence of morphine (p = 0.0022 and p = 0.0268, respectively). Sorafenib, in turn, caused a significant increase in the Cmax of morphine (by 0.5-fold, p = 0.0018). Moreover, in the presence of sorafenib the Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ of the morphine metabolite M3G increased by 112.62 (p < 0.0001), 46.82 (p = 0.0124), and 46.78% (p = 0.0121), respectively. Observed changes in sorafenib and morphine may be of clinical significance. The increased exposure to both drugs may improve the response to therapy in cancer patients, but on the other hand, increase the risk of adverse effects.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL POLICY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES IN THE INSURANCE SUB-SECTOR IN INDONESIA

Companies with good profitability will have better abilities to fund their dividends and investments. Companies experiencing a lack of funding to fund dividend payments and fund investments can use external funding through leverage. The object of this study is the industrial company of the insurance sub-sector; the selection of this object is based on the idea that insurance as a financial product is supposed to give an assurance to its customers regarding the promised coverage. This study is purposed to examine and explain the effect of financial policy on the company and its performance. The analytical method used is Partial Least Square with purposive sampling technique. The sample used is insurance companies listed on the IDX during the 2017-2019 period. Variables used in this study regarding the effect of financial policies on a company's performance are investment opportunity set, dividend policy, capital structure, and firm value. Based on the analysis results, it is shown that the mediation of Capital Structure and Dividend Policy give a significant positive effect on a company's performance as reflected in the firm value obtained. Thus good financial policies can be used as a strategy to attract investors' interest. The results of this study are expected to benefit the company's leadership in optimizing the company's value through the established financial policies.