Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Course of Asymptomatic and Mildly Symptomatic Patients with Coronavirus Disease Admitted to Community Treatment Centers, South Korea

We evaluated the clinical course of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) admitted to community treatment centers (CTCs) for isolation in South Korea. Of 632 patients, 75 (11.9%) had symptoms at admission, 186 (29.4%) were asymptomatic at admission but developed symptoms during their stay, and 371 (58.7%) remained asymptomatic during their entire clinical course. Nineteen (3.0%) patients were transferred to hospitals, but 94.3% (573/613) of the remaining patients were discharged from CTCs upon virologic remission. The mean virologic remission period was 20.1 days (SD + 7.7 days). Nearly 20% of patients remained in the CTCs for 4 weeks after diagnosis. The virologic remission period was longer in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients. In mildly symptomatic patients, the mean duration from symptom onset to virologic remission was 11.7 days (SD + 8.2 days). These data could help in planning for isolation centers and formulating self-isolation guidelines.
Should we sync? Seascape‐level genetic and ecological factors determine seagrass flowering patterns

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in flowering occur in many plant species with abiotic pollination and may confer fitness advantages through mechanisms such as predator satiation or pollination efficiency. Environmental factors such as light quality or quantity and temperature play an important role in inducing synchronization on wide geographic scales. On a smaller geographic scale, external factors such as resource availability and herbivory are theorized to trigger flowering, while genetic factors may also play an important role. In this study, we assessed the importance of ecological and genetic factors in shaping seascape‐level spatial heterogeneity in flowering of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. By investigating spatially close sites (<20 km) with similar seascape configurations and depth, we assume that major environmental drivers (temperature and light) were equivalent. We assessed four ecological factors (productivity, leaf nitrogen and carbon content and herbivory) and three genetic factors (heterozygosity, relatedness and clonality) to assess three hypotheses for synchronized flowering in P. oceanica: (i) clone synchronization (internal clock hypothesis), (ii) variation in nutrient availability, potentially caused by spatial heterogeneity in herbivory rates or nutrient translocation via clonal integration (resource budget hypothesis) or (iii) kin selection and sibling synchronization. Internal relatedness and heterozygosity had a significant positive effect on the abundance of flowers. Moreover, productivity and genotypic richness (clonality) were negatively associated with flower density, although at a lower level of significance. In addition, we found that clones were almost exclusively shared among mass‐flowering patches and patches without mass‐flowering, respectively. Synthesis. The results shed new light on seagrass flowering patterns and on the mechanisms of flower synchronization at the patch level within a wider spatial scale. We found support for the kin selection hypothesis and indirect evidence for the resource budget hypothesis. Thus, a combination of mainly genetic but also ecological factors causes the observed heterogeneous flowering patterns in Posidonia oceanica seascapes. In addition, we found a strong positive relationship between the number of flowers and heterozygosity, adding evidence to the controversial association between heterozygosity and fitness when a limited number of loci are used. To our knowledge, this study is the first to link both ecological and genetic factors with flower abundance in a species with a presumed masting strategy.
Leucine-Enriched Protein Supplementation Increases Lean Body Mass in Healthy Korean Adults Aged 50 Years and Older: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Early prevention of sarcopenia could be an important strategy for muscle retention, but most studies have focused on subjects aged 65 or older. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effects of leucine-enriched protein supplementation on muscle condition in a sample including late middle-aged adults. A 12-week intervention was performed for 120 healthy community-dwelling adults by providing either leucine-enriched protein supplement [protein 20g(casein 50%+ whey 40%+ soy 10%, total leucine 3000 mg), vitamin D 800IU(20 ug), calcium 300 mg, fat 1.1 g, carbohydrate 2.5 g] or isocaloric carbohydrate supplement twice per day. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and lean body mass (LBM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A total of 111 participants completed the study, with a dropout rate of 9.2%. LBM normalized by body weight (LBM/Wt) was significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the intervention group (0 wk: 63.38 ± 0.85 vs. 12 wk 63.68 ± 0.83 in the intervention group; 0 wk: 63.85 ± 0.82 vs. 12 wk: 63.29 ± 0.81 in the control group). In subgroup analyses, significant differences remained only in subjects between 50 and 64 years of age. We concluded that leucine-enriched protein supplementation can have beneficial effects by preventing muscle loss, mainly for late middle-aged adults.
Inter-rater reliability, intra-rater reliability and internal consistency of the Brisbane Evidence-Based Language Test

Abstract Purpose To examine the inter-rater reliability, intra-rater reliability, internal consistency and practice effects associated with a new test, the Brisbane Evidence-Based Language Test. Methods Reliability estimates were obtained in a repeated-measures design through analysis of clinician video ratings of stroke participants completing the Brisbane Evidence-Based Language Test. Inter-rater reliability was determined by comparing 15 independent clinicians’ scores of 15 randomly selected videos. Intra-rater reliability was determined by comparing two clinicians’ scores of 35 videos when re-scored after a two-week interval. Results Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis demonstrated almost perfect inter-rater reliability (0.995; 95% confidence interval: 0.990–0.998), intra-rater reliability (0.994; 95% confidence interval: 0.989–0.997) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.940 (95% confidence interval: 0.920–1.0)). Almost perfect correlations (0.998; 95% confidence interval: 0.995–0.999) between face-to-face and video ratings were obtained. Conclusion The Brisbane Evidence-Based Language Test demonstrates almost perfect inter-rater reliability, intra-rater reliability and internal consistency. High correlation coefficients and narrow confidence intervals demonstrated minimal practice effects with scoring or influence of years of clinical experience on test scores. Almost perfect correlations between face-to-face and video scoring methods indicate these reliability estimates have direct application to everyday practice. The test is available from brisbanetest.org. Implications for Rehabilitation The Brisbane Evidence-Based Language Test is a new measure for the assessment of acquired language disorders. The Brisbane Evidence-Based Language Test demonstrated almost perfect inter-rater reliability, intra-rater reliability and internal consistency. High reliability estimates and narrow confidence intervals indicated that test ratings vary minimally when administered by clinicians of different experience levels, or different levels of familiarity with the new measure. The test is a reliable measure of language performance for use in clinical practice and research.
Efficacy of Clopidogrel for Prevention of Stroke Based on CYP2C19 Allele Status in the POINT Trial

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug that is metabolized to its active form by the CYP2C19 enzyme. The CHANCE trial (Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events) found a significant interaction between loss-of-function allele status for the CYP2C19 gene and the effect of dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel on the rate of early recurrent stroke following acute transient ischemic attack/minor stroke. The POINT (Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and Minor Ischemic Stroke Trial), similar in design to CHANCE but performed largely in North America and Europe, demonstrated a reduction in early recurrent stroke with dual antiplatelet therapy compared with aspirin alone. This substudy was done to evaluate a potential interaction between loss-of-function CYP2C19 alleles and outcome by treatment group in POINT. Methods: Of the 269 sites in 10 countries that enrolled patients in POINT, 134 sites participated in this substudy. DNA samples were genotyped for CYP2C19 *2, *3, and *17 alleles and classified as being carriers or noncarriers of loss-of-function alleles. Major ischemia consisted of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or ischemic vascular death. Results: Nine hundred thirty-two patients provided analyzable DNA. The rates of major ischemia were 6.7% for the aspirin group versus 2.3% for the dual antiplatelet therapy group (hazard ratio, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.09–1.21]; P=0.09) among carriers of loss-of-function allele. The rates of major ischemia were 5.6% for the aspirin group versus 3.7% for the dual antiplatelet therapy group (hazard ratio, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.32–1.34]; P=0.25) among noncarriers. There was no significant interaction by genotype for major ischemia (P=0.36) or stroke (P=0.33). Conclusions: This substudy of POINT found no significant interaction with CYP2C19 loss-of-function carrier status and outcome by treatment group. Failure to confirm the findings from the CHANCE trial may be because the loss-of-function alleles tested are not clinically important in this context or because the 2 trials had differences in racial/ethnic composition. Additionally, differences between the 2 trials might be due to chance as our statistical power was limited to 50%. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00991029.
Analysis of Tumor Necrosis Factor- α , Lymphotoxin- α , Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor II, and Interleukin-6 Polymorphisms in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by chronic inflammation that is associated with structural damage of the lung and fibrosis. Although the etiology of IPF is unknown, it is likely to involve an interaction between environmental and multiple genetic components. Animal models of pulmonary fibrosis have shown that proinflammatory mediators are critical at both the inflammatory and fibrotic stages of the disease. Genetic variants exist in genes encoding proinflammatory mediators, as well as in genes encoding their receptors, which makes these genes candidates for the pathogenesis of IPF. In the present study, we examined 12 biallelic polymorphisms in the genes for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α ( + 488[G/A], − 238[G/A], − 308[G/A]), lymphotoxin (LT)- α ( + 720[C/A], + 365[C/G], and + 249[A/G], determining haplotypes LT- α 1 to LT- α 4), tumor necrosis factor-receptor 2 (TNF-RII) (gb:M32315: 676[T/G], 1663[A/G], 1668[T/G], 1690[C/T]), and interleukin- (IL)-6 (promoter − 174[G/C], intron 4[A/.
Forest fragments modulate the provision of multiple ecosystem services

Agricultural landscapes provide the essential ecosystem service of food to growing human populations; at the same time, agricultural expansion to increase crop production results in forest fragmentation, degrading many other forest-dependent ecosystem services. However, surprisingly little is known about the role that forest fragments play in the provision of ecosystem services and how fragmentation affects landscape multifunctionality at scales relevant to land management decisions. We measured the provision of six ecosystem services (crop production, pest regulation, decomposition, carbon storage, soil fertility and water quality regulation) in soya bean fields at different distances from adjacent forest fragments that differed in isolation and size across an agricultural landscape in Quebec, Canada. We observed significant effects of distance-from-forest, fragment isolation and fragment size on crop production, insect pest regulation, and decomposition. Distance-from-forest and fragment isolation had unique influences on service provision for each of the ecosystem services we measured. For example, pest regulation was maximized adjacent to forest fragments, while crop production was maximized at intermediate distances-from-forest. As a consequence, landscape multifunctionality depended on landscape heterogeneity: the range of field and forest fragment types present. We also observed strong negative and positive relationships between ecosystem services that were more prevalent at greater distances-from-forest. Synthesis and applications. Our study is one of the first to empirically measure and model the effects of forest fragments on the simultaneous provision of multiple ecosystem services in an agro-ecosystem at the landscape and field scales relevant to landowners and managers. Our results demonstrate that forest fragments, irrespective of their size, can affect the provision of multiple ecosystem services in surrounding fields, but that this effect is mediated by fragment isolation across the landscape. Our results also suggest that managing habitat fragmentation and landscape structure will improve our ability to optimize ecosystem service provision and create multifunctional agricultural landscapes. Our study is one of the first to empirically measure and model the effects of forest fragments on the simultaneous provision of multiple ecosystem services in an agro-ecosystem at the landscape and field scales relevant to landowners and managers. Our results demonstrate that forest fragments, irrespective of their size, can affect the provision of multiple ecosystem services in surrounding fields, but that this effect is mediated by fragment isolation across the landscape. Our results also suggest that managing habitat fragmentation and landscape structure will improve our ability to optimize ecosystem service provision and create multifunctional agricultural landscapes.
Calculating long‐term fire frequency at the stand scale from charcoal data

Fire frequency is a statistical metric used to evaluate long-term fire activity at stand and landscape scales. Fire frequency is defined as the number of fires occurring per unit time in a given area. In this study a method to calculate fire frequency at the stand scale is described, based on direct fire evidence of radiocarbon-dated macrocharcoal fragments (>2 mm diameter) at the soil surface and buried in the mineral soil. A jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stand was used as a model site to calculate the long-term fire frequency. The number of fires recorded at the soil surface is a function of fire activity and residence time of charcoal, the fewer fires occurring in the site the longer the residence time of charcoal. The residence time of charcoal at the surface of the study site totals 1710 calibrated years (calibrated age in years before 2010). Fourteen fire events occurred over the last 1000 years, i.e., an average fire interval of 75 years, a situation facilitating the long-term maintenance of ja.
Nutrient transfer between the root zones of soybean and maize plants connected by a common mycorrhizal mycelium

The objective of the study was to determine whether nutrient fluxes mediated by hyphae of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi between the root zones of grass and legume plants differ with the legume's mode of N nutrition. The plants, nodulating or nonnodulating isolines of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ], were grown in association with a dwarf maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar in containers which interposed a 6-cm-wide root-free soil bridge between legume and grass container compartments. The bridge was delimited by screens (44 μm) which permitted the passage of hyphae, but not of roots and minimized non VAM interactions between the plants. All plants were colonized by the VAM fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe. The effects of N input to N-sufficient soybean plants through N2-fixation or N-fertilization on associated maize-plant growth and nutrition were compared to those of an N-deficient (nonnodulating, unfertilized) soybean control. Maize, when associated with the N-fertilized soybean, increased 19% in biomass, 67% in N content and 77% in leaf N concentration relative to the maize plants of the N-deficient association. When maize was grown with nodulated soybean, maize N content increased by 22%, biomass did not change, but P content declined by 16%. Spore production by the VAM fungus was greatest in the soils of both plants of the N-fertilized treatment. The patterns of N and P distribution, as well as those of the other essential elements, indicated that association with the N-fertilized soybean plants was more advantageous to maize than was association with the N2-fixing ones.
Hematopoietic cell transplant outcomes after myeloablative conditioning with fludarabine, busulfan, low‐dose total body irradiation, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin

Optimal conditioning and graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are unknown. Here, we report on outcomes after low toxicity, myeloablative conditioning consisting of fludarabine, busulfan, and 4 Gy total body irradiation, in combination with thymoglobulin and post‐transplant methotrexate and cyclosporine. We retrospectively studied 700 patients with hematologic malignancies who received blood stem cells from 7 to 8/8 HLA‐matched unrelated or related donors. Median follow‐up of surviving patients was 5 years. At 5 years, overall survival (OS), relapse‐free survival (RFS), and chronic GVHD/relapse‐free survival (cGRFS) were 58%, 55%, and 40%. Risk factors for poor OS, RFS, and cGRFS were (1). high to very high disease risk index (DRI), (2). high recipient age, and (3). cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐seropositive recipient with seronegative donor (D−R+). The latter risk factor applied particularly to patients with lymphoid malignancies. Neither donor other than HLA‐matched sibling (7‐8/8 unrelated) nor one HLA allele mismatch was risk factors for poor OS, RFS, or cGRFS. In conclusion, the above regimen results in excellent long‐term outcomes. The outcomes are negatively impacted by older age, high or very high DRI, and CMV D−R+ serostatus, but not by donor unrelatedness or one HLA allele mismatch.
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Internal Pallidum in Lesch–Nyhan Syndrome: Clinical Outcomes and Connectivity Analysis

Lesch–Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency of hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme. It manifests during infancy with compulsive self‐mutilation behavior associated with disabling generalized dystonia and dyskinesia. Clinical management of these patients poses an enormous challenge for medical teams and carers.
Lifetime reproductive success of Snowy Plovers in coastal northern California

ABSTRACT Conserving threatened and endangered species requires knowledge of breeding productivity and factors that cause variation in reproductive success. We summarized 13 years of lifetime reproductive success (LRS) data for 195 individually marked Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus) breeding in Humboldt County, CA. Reproductive success was highly skewed among individuals with 13% of individuals (nmales = 12, nfemales = 14) producing ~50% of fledglings; by contrast, 71% (n = 64) of males and 72% (n = 76) of females produced 2 or fewer during their lifetime. Variance in LRS was best explained by substrate (~100% of Akaike weight), with plovers breeding on gravel having significantly higher LRS compared to those on sandy substrates. Other measures of habitat quality, including use of nest exclosures, as well as corvid and human activity, were not significant predictors of LRS. Results indicated that enhancing the cryptic nature of substrates (for eggs and chicks) may be a productive means of increasing reproductive success in this threatened species.
Taxonomic status of spiny rats ( Maxomys Jentink, Rodentia) from Indonesia and Malaysia based on Morphological study.

The morphological study was focused on the analysis of morphometricvariations of the spiny rats (Maxomys Jentink) across their Indonesian and Malaysianranges in order to clarify the taxonomic status of this genus. The genus was widespreadthroughout South Asia, and many taxa (species and subspecies) have been described.Univariate and multivariate analyses (Principal Component Analyses and DiscriminantFunction Analyses) were carried out based on 24 craniometric characters in 187 skulls.Results indicated that Maxomys consist of 13 species: M. whiteheadi, M. surifer, M.rajah, M. ochraceiventer, M. baeodon, M. alticola, M. musschenbroekii, M. hellwaldii,M. wattsi, M. pagensis, M. bartelsii, M. inas and one distinct population of M.whiteheadi from 16 known species of Maxomys in Malaysia and Indonesianarchipelago. The multiple regression analyses showed no sexual dimorphism in relationto the characters used; however all characters were geographically significant in somespecies.
FOLLICULAR GROWTH PATTERN IN BUFFALOES SYNCHRONIZED TO ESTRUS WITH PROGESTERONE IMPREGNATED INTRAVAGINAL SPONGES

A study was conducted in regular cyclic Murrah buffaloes which were free from any anatomical and reproductive disorders. Progesterone impregnated polyurethane intravaginal sponges containing 1.5g of natural micronised progesterone were aseptically inserted into vagina. Theses sponges were placed in situ for 9 days and removed manually on the 10 th day. Ultrasonography of the ovaries was done in all the animals on Day 0 (day of insertion of the sponge), Day 3, 10 (day of removal) and at induced estrus transrectally using a real time ultrasound scanner equipped with a linear array 5- 7.5 MHz frequency transrectal transducer. Blood samples collected during these days were analyzed for progesterone levels by radioimmunoassay method. All the animals retained vaginal sponges up to 10 days. There was no abnormal discharge noted upon removal of the sponge and all the animals were induced to estrus within 48 to 72 hours after sponge removal. Ultrasonographic study revealed that on day of insertion of sponge, all the animals had corpus luteum No dominant follicles were noticed in these animals. On day-3, corpus luteum was present with no appreciable further growth from day - 0. No dominant follicles were noticed in these animals. On day of sponge removal, all the animals had a developing dominant follicle. On the day of estrus, all the animals showed the presence of a well developed mature graffian follicle of size ranging from 10 x 7 mm to 12x 11 mm. The progesterone hormone assay revealed that the mean plasma progesterone level on day-0 was 3.7±0.70 ng/ml, which increased to 10.4±1.29 ng/ml on day-3. On the day of sponge removal, the progesterone level was 2.62±0.28 ng/ml which further decreased to 0.47±0.08 ng/ml at estrus. The results indicate that the progesterone sponges helped in maintaining the progesterone levels with peak values reaching on day 3 of insertion of sponge. During the period of intra vaginal sponge the