Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Roles and regulation of Aquaporin-3 in maintaining the gut health: an updated review

Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is a predominant water channel protein expressed in the intestine, and plays important roles in the gut physiology and pathophysiology due to its permeability to water, glycerol and hydrogen peroxide. In this review, we systematically summarized the current understanding of the expression of AQP3 in the intestine of different species, and focused on the potential roles of AQP3 in water transport, different types of diarrhea and constipation, intestinal inflammation, intestinal barrier function, oxidative stress, and autophagy. These updated findings have supported that AQP3 may function as an important target in maintaining gut health of human and animals.
Improvement of Storage-discharge Relationships for Runoff-routing Models

The form of the storage-discharge relationship S = kQ{m}, which is accepted by Australian hydrologists and criticized by many researchers, has been investigated in this study. The Rubicon model, which is a hydrodynamic mathematical modelling system for steady and unsteady flows in open channels has been used for the simulation of some flood hydrographs. The Herbert River in Northern Queensland was selected for this investigation because various geometrical data were available between the upstream and downstream gauging stations. Simulation results of flood hydrographs compared with the observed data show considerable promise. Flood hydrographs and flood characteristics for each cross-section have been developed and from these the storage-discharge relationships, have been developed. These relationships were dominated by the geometry of the flow cross-section. The form of the storage-discharge relationship was found to be independent of flood magnitude and changed dramatically as the general shape of the cross-section varied with discharge.
Survival Outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults Diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Frontline Therapy in Daily Practice

Acute myeloid leukemia has a poor prognosis in older adults, and its management is often unclear due to its underrepresentation in clinical trials. Both overall survival (OS) and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) are key outcomes in this population, and patient-reported outcomes may contribute to patient stratification and treatment assignment. This prospective study included 138 consecutive patients treated in daily practice with the currently available non-targeted therapies (intensive chemotherapy [IC], attenuated chemotherapy [AC], hypomethylating agents [HMA], or palliative care [PC]). We evaluated patients’ condition at diagnosis (Life expectancy [Lee Index for Older Adults], Geriatric Assessment in Hematology [GAH scale], HRQoL [EQ-5D-5L questionnaire], and fatigue [fatigue items of the QLQ-C30 scale]), OS, early death (ED), treatment tolerability (TT) and change in HRQoL over 12 months follow-up. The median OS was 7.1 months (IC not reached, AC 5.9, HMA 8.8, and PC 1.0). Poor risk AML category and receiving just palliative care, as well as a higher Lee index score in the patients receiving active therapy, independently predicted a shorter OS. The Lee Index and GAH scale were not useful for predicting TT. The white blood cell count was a valid predictor for ED. Patients’ HRQoL remained stable during follow-up.
A dynamic global vegetation model for use with climate models: concepts and description of simulated vegetation dynamics

Changes in vegetation structure and biogeography due to climate change feedback to alter climate by changing fluxes of energy, moisture, and momentum between land and atmosphere. While the current class of land process models used with climate models parameterizes these fluxes in detail, these models prescribe surface vegetation and leaf area from data sets. In this paper, we describe an approach in which ecological concepts from a global vegetation dynamics model are added to the land component of a climate model to grow plants interactively. The vegetation dynamics model is the Lund‐ Potsdam‐Jena (LPJ) dynamic global vegetation model. The land model is the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Land Surface Model (LSM). Vegetation is defined in terms of plant functional types. Each plant functional type is represented by an individual plant with the average biomass, crown area, height, and stem diameter (trees only) of its population, by the number of individuals in the population, and by the fractional cover in the grid cell. Three time-scales (minutes, days, and years) govern the processes. Energy fluxes, the hydrologic cycle, and carbon assimilation, core processes in LSM, occur at a 20min time step. Instantaneous net assimilated carbon is accumulated annually to update vegetation once a year. This is carried out with the addition of establishment, resource competition, growth, mortality, and fire parameterizations from LPJ. The leaf area index is updated daily based on prevailing environmental conditions, but the maximum value depends on the annual vegetation dynamics. The coupling approach is successful. The model simulates global biogeography, net primary production, and dynamics of tundra, boreal forest, northern hardwood forest, tropical rainforest, and savanna ecosystems, which are consistent with observations. This suggests that the model can be used with a climate model to study biogeophysical feedbacks in the climate system related to vegetation dynamics.
Predictors of futile recanalization after endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke: a multi-center study

Background and objectives Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) improves long-term outcomes and decreases mortality in ischemic stroke patients. However, a significant proportion of patients do not benefit from EVT recanalization, a phenomenon known as futile recanalization or reperfusion without functional independence (RFI). In this study, we aim to identify the major stroke risk factors and patient characteristics associated with RFI. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of 297 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke who received EVT at three academic stroke centers in China from March 2019 to March 2022. Patient age, sex, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS), time to treatment, risk factors and comorbidities associated with cerebrovascular diseases were collected, and potential associations with futile recanalization were assessed. RFI was successful reperfusion defined as modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) ≥ 2b without functional independence at 90 days (mRS ≥ 3). Results Of the 297 initial patients assessed, 231 were included in the final analyses after the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided by those who had RFI (n = 124) versus no RFI (n = 107). Older age (OR 1.041, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.073; p = 0.010), chronic kidney disease (OR 4.399, 0.904–21.412; p = 0.067), and higher 24-h NIHSS (OR 1.284, 1.201–1.373; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of RFI. Conversely, an mTICI score of 3 was associated with a reduced likelihood of RFI (OR 0.402, 0.178–0.909; p = 0.029). Conclusion In conclusion, increased age, higher 24-h NIHSS and lack of an mTICI score of 3 were independently associated with RFI and have potential prognostic values in predicting patients that are less likely to respond to EVT recanalization therapy.
Exogenous Serotonin (5-HT) Promotes Mesocotyl and Coleoptile Elongation in Maize Seedlings under Deep-Seeding Stress through Enhancing Auxin Accumulation and Inhibiting Lignin Formation

Serotonin (5-HT), an indoleamine compound, has been known to mediate many physiological responses of plants under environmental stress. The deep-seeding (≥20 cm) of maize seeds is an important cultivation strategy to ensure seedling emergence and survival under drought stress. However, the role of 5-HT in maize deep-seeding tolerance remains unexplored. Understanding the mechanisms and evaluating the optimal concentration of 5-HT in alleviating deep-seeding stress could benefit maize production. In this study, two maize inbred lines were treated with or without 5-HT at both sowing depths of 20 cm and 3 cm, respectively. The effects of different concentrations of 5-HT on the growth phenotypes, physiological metabolism, and gene expression of two maize inbred lines were examined at the sowing depths of 20 cm and 3 cm. Compared to the normal seedling depth of 3 cm, the elongation of the mesocotyl (average elongation 3.70 cm) and coleoptile (average elongation 0.58 cm), secretion of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; average increased 3.73 and 0.63 ng g−1 FW), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; average increased 1.95 and 0.63 μM g−1 FW) in the mesocotyl and coleoptile were increased under 20 cm stress, with a concomitant decrease in lignin synthesis (average decreased 0.48 and 0.53 A280 g−1). Under 20 cm deep-seeding stress, the addition of 5-HT activated the expression of multiple genes of IAA biosynthesis and signal transduction, including Zm00001d049601, Zm00001d039346, Zm00001d026530, and Zm00001d049659, and it also stimulated IAA production in both the mesocotyl and coleoptile of maize seedlings. On the contrary, 5-HT suppressed the expression of genes for lignin biosynthesis (Zm00001d016471, Zm00001d005998, Zm00001d032152, and Zm00001d053554) and retarded the accumulation of H2O2 and lignin, resulting in the elongation of the mesocotyl and coleoptile of maize seedlings. A comprehensive evaluation analysis showed that the optimum concentration of 5-HT in relieving deep-seeding stress was 2.5 mg/L for both inbred lines, and 5-HT therefore could improve the seedling emergence rate and alleviate deep-seeding stress in maize seedlings. These findings could provide a novel strategy for improving maize deep-seeding tolerance, thus enhancing yield potential under drought and water stress.
Forming Mechanism and Their Environmental Implications of Chlorite-coatings in Chang 6 Sandstone(Upper Triassic) of Hua-Qing Area,Ordos Basin

With thin section analysis and scanning electron microscopic analysis,the diagenetic phenomenon of Yanchan Formation sandstone in the Ordos basin were systematically studied,and it shows that chlorite film was the important diagenetic phenomenon in this area.Depending on the studies relevant to the features including occurrence,structural characteristics,relations between other diagenetic minerals of sandstones in this area,the formation mechanism was discussed in detail.Chlorite rim had some relevance with the original porosity of reservoirs,its formation had more closely relationship with hydrodynamic conditions during the contemporaneous deposition.They belonged to a mark of water power conditions for they occur mainly in the subaqueous distributary channel and mouth bar in the deltaic front,and had strong environmental specificity;chlorite rim had double layer structure in which isopachous rim cement of internal layer was relative dense,and formed during the early diagenetic stage.Outerlayer authigenic chlorite grown on the rim surface vertically with better crystal form was formed during the late diagenetic stage;chlorite film was of a limited ability to protect the sandstone porosity.The reason for this is that the porosity of sandstones with chlorite clay rim was better mainly depended on the petrological characteristics of sedimentary sandstones under strong hydrodynamic condition.It had little relation with the chlorite clay rim.So the formation model of chlorite clay rim was put forward.It was considered that the formation of the chlorite film experienced five steps: sedimentary stage of original particles,stage of clay adsorption and film formation on the surface of original particles,early compaction stage of particles,stage of rim chloritization,authigenic chlorite forming stage;In view of this,the sedimentary sandstone reservoirs that had chlorite clay rims under strong hydrodynamic conditions should be the target in the process of oil exploration.
Floral biology and phenology of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) in Cuba: Bases for genetic improvement

Despite the fact that some aspects related to the flowering of the sweet potato have been studied previously, to date, in Cuba and tropical regions, only general descriptions have been documented without detailed information on the biology and floral phenology of the sweet potato, aspects of interest for genetic improvement. To carry out the research, four sweet potato genotypes obtained and released by the genetic improvement program of the Research Institute of Tropical Roots and Tuber Crops (INIVIT) were selected, one of them ("CEMSA 74-228") is of international reference. The average flower emission frequency per inflorescence was 1.5 days. The number of flowers per inflorescence fluctuated between 7.35 and 26.14. The time from pollination to seed maturation varied on average from 22.8 to 32.3 days. For the four genotypes, different moments of anthesis were found, ranging from 0444 h (± 8.3 min) to 0619 h (± 10.7 min). The pollen presented viability percentages above 90% from 0600 to 1300 h. The results allowed a better knowledge of the floral biology of the sweet potato and the floral phenological phases and the approximate time of each one was determined, which will be useful for plant breeders
Wildfires in a warmer climate: Emission fluxes, emission heights, and black carbon concentrations in 2090–2099

Global warming is expected to considerably impact wildfire activity and aerosol emission release in the future. Due to their complexity, the future interactions between climate change, wildfire activity, emission release, and atmospheric aerosol processes are still uncertain. Here we use the process‐based fire model SPITFIRE within the global vegetation model JSBACH to simulate wildfire activity for present‐day climate conditions and future Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). The modeled fire emission fluxes and fire radiative power serve as input for the aerosol‐climate model ECHAM6‐HAM2, which has been extended by a semiempirical plume height parametrization. Our results indicate a general increase in extratropical and a decrease in tropical wildfire activity at the end of the 21st century. Changes in emission fluxes are most pronounced for the strongest warming scenario RCP8.5 (+49% in the extratropics, −37% in the tropics). Tropospheric black carbon (BC) concentrations are similarly affected by changes in emission fluxes and changes in climate conditions with regional variations of up to −50% to +100%. In the Northern Hemispheric extratropics, we attribute a mean increase in aerosol optical thickness of +0.031±0.002 to changes in wildfire emissions. Due to the compensating effects of fire intensification and more stable atmospheric conditions, global mean emission heights change by at most 0.3 km with only minor influence on BC long‐range transport. The changes in wildfire emission fluxes for the RCP8.5 scenario, however, may largely compensate the projected reduction in anthropogenic BC emissions by the end of the 21st century.
Patient Dose Estimation in Computed Tomography-Guided Biopsy Procedures

This study establishes typical Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL) values and assesses patient doses in computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy procedures. The Effective Dose (ED), Entrance Skin Dose (ESD), and Size-Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE) were calculated using the relevant literature-derived conversion factors. A retrospective analysis of 226 CT-guided biopsies across five categories (Iliac bone, liver, lung, mediastinum, and para-aortic lymph nodes) was conducted. Typical DRL values were computed as median distributions, following guidelines from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 135. DRLs for helical mode CT acquisitions were set at 9.7 mGy for Iliac bone, 8.9 mGy for liver, 8.8 mGy for lung, 7.9 mGy for mediastinal mass, and 9 mGy for para-aortic lymph nodes biopsies. In contrast, DRLs for biopsy acquisitions were 7.3 mGy, 7.7 mGy, 5.6 mGy, 5.6 mGy, and 7.4 mGy, respectively. Median SSDE values varied from 7.6 mGy to 10 mGy for biopsy acquisitions and from 11.3 mGy to 12.6 mGy for helical scans. Median ED values ranged from 1.6 mSv to 5.7 mSv for biopsy scans and from 3.9 mSv to 9.3 mSv for helical scans. The study highlights the significance of using DRLs for optimizing CT-guided biopsy procedures, revealing notable variations in radiation exposure between helical scans covering entire anatomical regions and localized biopsy acquisitions.
Feature Analysis and Prediction of Hypoxemic Events for Preterm Infants

Hypoxemic events are commonly experienced in preterm infants while in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). These events can contribute to a range of adverse outcomes, including retinopathy, neurodevelopmental impairment, and mortality. Current management of events is focused on recovery rather than prevention. If these events could be predicted, preemptive intervention could be initiated that may act to reduce the duration or prevent hypoxic events altogether. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a machine learning model in predicting hypoxemic events and providing better care than the currently used threshold-based alarms in NICU. Recordings of oxygen saturation, respiratory patterns, and electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms in preterm infants were extracted from standard cardiorespiratory monitors. A feature analysis was conducted to identify predictors of hypoxemic events, which were used as inputs to train an artificial neural network (ANN) model. A total of 1318 hypoxemic events were used for training and validation of the predictive model. The feature analysis revealed that hypoxemic events were preceded by increased breathing irregularity and greater variability in heart rate (HR), which could assist in predicting their occurrence. The average respiratory rate and the number of prolonged RR intervals (RRIs) in the ECG signal in the periods prior to event onset were identified as potential predictors of the prolonged hypoxemia. In addition, the ANN’s prediction performance outperformed the current threshold-based alarm system in terms of higher accuracy, lower false alarm rate, and longer prediction horizon. The model predicts 56% of hypoxemic events at 30 s prior to the event onset. These findings highlight the potential benefits of utilizing machine learning models in the prediction and prevention of hypoxemic events and could ultimately lead to improved outcomes for preterm infants in the NICU.
A nomogram for the prediction of survival for colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma after surgery: A population-based study

The aim was to construct and verify a nomogram-based assessment of cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma after surgery. Patients were collected from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program between 2004 and 2015. Independent prognostic indicators were determined in the training cohort by Cox regression model. We identified 2217 eligible patients, who were further categorized into the training set (n = 1693) as well as the validation set (n = 524). Multivariate analysis revealed that age at diagnosis, gender, grade, tumor size, T stage, N stage, and M stage were independent predictive indicators. Then, the above 7 predictive factors were incorporated into a nomogram model to assess CSS, which showed good calibration and discrimination capacities in both sets. Both internal and external calibration plot diagrams revealed that the actual results were consistent with the predicted outcomes. The time-independent area under the curves for 3-year and 5-year CSS in the nomogram were larger than American Joint Committee on Cancer and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results summary stage system. Moreover, decision curve analysis indicated the clinical utility of the nomogram. The nomogram demonstrated favorable predictive accuracy of survival in colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma patients after surgery, which should be further confirmed before clinical implementation.
Three-dimensional bound states of cylindrical quantum heterostructures with position-dependent mass carriers

We present a comprehensive spectral analysis of cylindrical quantum heterostructures by considering effective electronic carriers with position-dependent mass for five different kinetic-operator orderings. We obtain the bound energy eigenstates of particles in a three-dimensional cylindrical nanowire under a confining hyperbolic potential with both open and closed boundary conditions in the radial and the axial directions. In the present model we consider carriers with continuous mass distributions within the dot with abrupt mass discontinuities at the barriers, moving in a quantum dot that connects different substances. Continuity of mass and potential at the interfaces with the external layers result as a particular case. Our approach is mostly analytical and allows a precise comparison among von Roos ordering classes.
Comparative Genetic Analysis of the Promoters of the ATG16L1 and ATG5 Genes Associated with Sporadic Parkinson’s Disease

Highlights What are the main findings? Gene sequencing studies may reveal how the promoter region of the ATG16L1 and ATG5 genes is associated with sporadic PD patients. Most PD-related haplotypes were found for ATG16L1, suggesting a specific link between genetic variation for this promoter and the population analysed with respect to sporadic PD. What is the implication of the main finding? Some mutations within haplotypes may provide valuable information on multifactorial PD. Consequently, the architecture of certain haplotypes and ethnicities could explain the risk of PD and the neurodegenerative process. Abstract Sporadic Parkinson’s disease, characterised by a decline in dopamine, usually manifests in people over 65 years of age. Although 10% of cases have a genetic (familial) basis, most PD is sporadic. Genome sequencing studies have associated several genetic variants with sporadic PD. Our aim was to analyse the promoter region of the ATG16L1 and ATG5 genes in sporadic PD patients and ethnically matched controls. Genotypes were obtained by using the Sanger method with primers designed by us. The number of haplotypes was estimated with DnaSP software, phylogeny was reconstructed in Network, and genetic divergence was explored with Fst. Seven and two haplotypes were obtained for ATG16L1 and ATG5, respectively. However, only ATG16L1 showed a significant contribution to PD and a significant excess of accumulated mutations that could influence sporadic PD disease. Of a total of seven haplotypes found, only four were unique to patients sharing the T allele (rs77820970). Recent studies using MAPT genes support the notion that the architecture of haplotypes is worthy of being considered genetically risky, as shown in our study, confirming that large-scale assessment in different populations could be relevant to understanding the role of population-specific heterogeneity. Finally, our data suggest that the architecture of certain haplotypes and ethnicity determine the risk of PD, linking haplotype variation and neurodegenerative processes.