Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exponential representation in the Coulomb three-body problem

The exponential representation in the Coulomb three-body problem is considered. It is shown that the exponential variational expansion in relative coordinates r32, r31 and r21 has a number of advantages for the bound state calculations in Coulomb three-body systems. Moreover, it appears that the exponential (or Laplace–Fourier) representation of the Coulomb three-body problem is an optimal approach to analyse and solve various three-body problems. The optimization of nonlinear parameters in the trial wavefunctions is also considered. The developed methods are used to determine the highly accurate ground 11S(L = 0)-state energies and other bound state properties for a number of He-like two-electron ions (Li+, Be2+, B3+, C4+, N5+, O6+, F7+ and Ne8+). To represent the ground state energies of these He-like ions we apply the Z−1 expansion. The asymptotic form of the ground state wavefunctions at large electron–nuclear distances for the He-like ions is briefly discussed. Considered hypervirial theorems are of great interest for these ions, since they allow one to obtain some useful relations between different expectation values. The generalization of the exponential variational expansion in relative coordinates to the four-body non-relativistic systems is also considered.
VERTEX FLOW MODELS FOR VEHICULAR TRAFFIC ON NETWORKS

Some models of flow on a network are discussed. Assuming a macroscopic approach on each arc of the network, we consider a system of conservation laws and various possible choices to describe the evolution at vertices are discussed. A general framework proposed in recent literature is presented, then some new solutions for the scalar case are proposed and analyzed.
Supplement of A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean colour satellite applications – version three

A global compilation of in situ data is useful to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here, 25 we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (including, inter alia, MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONETOC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT, GeP&CO) and span the period from 1997 to 2018. Observations of the following variables were compiledA global in-situ data set for validation of ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) is presented. This version of the compilation, starting in 1997, now 30 extends to 2021, which is important for the validation of the most recent satellite optical sensors such as Sentinel 3B OLCI and NOAA-20 VIIRS. The data set comprises in-situ observations of the following variables: spectral remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll-a, spectral inherent optical properties, spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients and
A numerical study of turbulent drag reduction using streamwise travelling waves of spanwise wall velocity

A parallelisation of the fully-implicit fractional step based in-house DNS code was implemented. Utilising this, DNS of streamwise travelling waves of spanwise wall velocity in a turbulent channel flow were performed at Reτ = 200; 400; 800 and 1600, scaling the input parameters in wall units. Studying the drag reduction at varying Reynolds number showed that the maximum drag reduction decreased as Re was increased. The scaling with Reynolds number was dependent on the control parameters and therefore the optimal parameters changed with Re. An oscillation in the drag reduction over the forcing period was observed and associated with strong variations in the turbulent statistics, angling of the streaks and coherent structures, and the deterioration of the drag reduction. The conditionally averaged λ2 structures were found and behaved differently depending on the sign of the vorticity. This included a strong angling of the structure which rotated in agreement with the wall velocity, and this angle reduced over the half- period. The λ2 structures were moved away from the wall over the period, a feature also visible in the variation of the vorticity fluctuations. The relationship between the drag reduction and the extrema of the turbulent profiles were compared, and showed a good correlation between the maximum of the v rms profile and the DR achieved. This was seen to be independent of Reynolds number when the maximum v rms of the no control flow was subtracted. The variation of the power spent and net power saving with Reynolds number was also studied. The power spent scaled well with Reτ-0.16, and the net power saving scaled differently depending on the control parameters used. Although the maximum value was reduced as the Reynolds number increased.
Pitch Associated with Time Delay between Two Pulse Trains

If a series of equally spaced ac or dc pulses is delayed in time with respect to an identical series of pulses, a pitch will be heard corresponding to the reciprocal of the smallest delay between adjacent pulses. This study investigates the precision with which listeners are able to match the pitch of a pure tone to that produced by the time separation in a double pulse train. Ten listeners each made 50 pitch matches for six pulse delays at each pulse repetition rate of 25, 100, and 400 pps. The results indicate that the distribution of pitch matches is centered at the reciprocal of the pulse delay. The dispersion of this distribution seems remarkably small, but tends to widen as pulse delay is shortened, especially at the highest pulse repetition rate. Although the study was not designed for the investigation of all possibilities, no obvious spectral cue seems to exist which would account for the data.
Truncation approximations of invariant measures for Markov chains

Let P be the transition matrix of a positive recurrent Markov chain on the integers, with invariant distribution π. If (n) P denotes the n x n ‘northwest truncation’ of P, it is known that approximations to π(j)/π(0) can be constructed from (n) P, but these are known to converge to the probability distribution itself in special cases only. We show that such convergence always occurs for three further general classes of chains, geometrically ergodic chains, stochastically monotone chains, and those dominated by stochastically monotone chains. We show that all ‘finite’ perturbations of stochastically monotone chains can be considered to be dominated by such chains, and thus the results hold for a much wider class than is first apparent. In the cases of uniformly ergodic chains, and chains dominated by irreducible stochastically monotone chains, we find practical bounds on the accuracy of the approximations.
Finite-Cloud Effects in Longwave Radiative Transfer

Abstract As numerical weather and climate prediction models demand more accurate treatment of clouds, the role of finite-cloud effects in longwave radiative transfer clearly warrants further study. In this research, finite-cloud effects are defined as the influence of cloud shape, size, and spatial arrangement on longwave radiative transfer. To show the magnitude of these effects, radiometer data collected in 1992 during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) were analyzed. The ASTEX data showed that radiative transfer calculations that ignored the vertical dimensions of the clouds underestimated the longwave cloud radiative surface forcing by 30%, on average. To study further these finite-cloud effects, a three-dimensional 11-µm radiative transfer model was developed. Results from this model, which neglected scattering, agreed with the measurements taken during ASTEX on 14 June 1992. This model was also used to reiterate that, for optically thick clouds, knowledge of cloud macrophysical.
Assimilation of GPS Radio Occultation Refractivity Data with WRF 3DVAR and Its Impact on the Prediction of a Heavy Rainfall Event

AbstractTo accommodate accurate analyses and forecasts of a heavy rainfall event over the Korean Peninsula, the authors assimilated the GPS radio occultation (RO) data by using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and its three-dimensional variational data assimilation system (3DVAR). The employed datasets are from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) and Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) missions. The selected case was from late October 2006, which intensively hit the northeastern part of the Korean Peninsula with record-breaking rainfall. In this study, the local refractivity observation operator was used in assimilating GPS RO soundings. The results are more pronounced for the cycling assimilation of GPS RO data than for the one-time data assimilation. From all of the parameters investigated (temperature, geopotential height, specific humidity, and winds), the GPS RO soundings highly modified the moisture distribution in the lower trop.
Accuracy of the mean-field theory in describing ground-state properties of light nuclei

The relativistic mean-field model, augmented with three types of center-of-mass corrections and two types of rotational corrections, is employed to investigate the ground-state properties of helium, beryllium, and carbon isotopes. The efficacy of the mean-field approach in describing the binding energies, quadrupole deformations, root-mean-square charge radii, root-mean-square matter radii, and neutron skins of these light nuclei is evaluated. By averaging the binding energies obtained from six selected effective interactions, a mass-dependent behavior of the mean-field approximation is elucidated. The findings from radii reveal that, unlike in heavy nuclei, the exchange terms of the center-of-mass correction play an indispensable role in accurately describing the radii of light nuclei. The mean-field approximation, when augmented with center-of-mass and rotational corrections, effectively reproduces the energies and radii of light nuclei. However, due to the absence of many-body correlations between valence neutrons, the mean-field approximation falls short in describing the deformations and shell evolutions of the helium and beryllium isotopic chains.
An algebraic theory for design of controllers for linear multivariable systems--Part I: Structure matrices and feedforward design

In this two part paper a theory is presented in which several control problems can be solved. The theory is applicable to a general class of linear multivariable systems where the measured output does not have to be equal to the controlled output or the state. The system may be affected by nonmeasurable disturbances. Only controllers which stabilize the system and have proper transfer functions are allowed, i.e., the controllers have to be physically realizable. It is shown that the solutions to control problems of "servo type," e.g., problems of model matching, decoupling, and invertibility, are special cases of the solution to a more general problem. Analogously, the solutions to problems of "regulator type," e.g., disturbance decoupling, output regulation, and pole placement, are also speclal cases of the solution to a more general problem. It is shown that problems of "servo type" and "regulator type" can be solved independently of each other. In Part I generalized polynomials are introduced as a mathematical framework. Structue matrices, which describe how well a system can be controlled, are defined. Finally, problems of "servo type" are solved. Part II mainly deals with problems of "regulator type. "
Cross-Correlation Matrices for Tests of Independence and Causality Between Two Multivariate Time Series

An often-studied problem in time series analysis is that of testing for the independence of two (potentially multivariate) time series. Toeplitz matrices have demonstrated utility for the related setting of time series goodness-of-fit testing—ergo, herein, we extend those concepts by defining a nontrivial block Toeplitz matrix for use in the setting of independence testing. We propose test statistics based on the trace of the square of the matrix and determinant of the matrix; these statistics are connected to one another as well as known statistics previously proposed in the literature. Furthermore, the log of the determinant is argued to relate to a likelihood ratio test and is proven to be more powerful than other tests that are asymptotically equivalent under the null hypothesis. Additionally, matrix-based tests are presented for the purpose of inferring the location or direction of the causality existing between the two series. A simulation study is provided to explore the efficacy of the proposed methodology—the methods are shown to offer improvement over existing techniques, which include the famous Granger causality test. Finally, data examples involving U.S. inflation, trade volume, and exchange rates are given. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Alfven eigenmode experiments in tokamaks and stellarators

In tokamaks and stellarators, measurements of electromagnetic fluctuations in the presence of resonant particle drive, including fusion-produced alpha's, reveal the excitation of Alfven eigenmodes (AE), related under certain conditions to a degradation in the fast-particle confinement. The balance between the drive and the background damping is investigated using active diagnostic systems to excite and measure the AE spectrum in terms of frequencies and damping rates. At JET, saddle-coil antennae drive low toroidal mode number (n 1%) during the creation of the magnetic X-point. In the presence of resonant fast particles, information on the instability drive is obtained: low-n modes are found to be stable in the presence of NBI with upsilon(parallel to)/upsilon(A) P-thresh, with 2.5 MW < P-thresh < 5 MW; under these conditions, intrinsically driven TAE and EAE are clearly observed in the magnetic fluctuation spectra, with no measurable effect on the plasma performance.
Uniform convergence for approximate traveling waves in linear reaction-hyperbolic systems

In this paper we study a linear reaction-hyperbolic systems of the form e(∂ t + v i ∂ x )p i = Σ n j=1 kijpj (i = 1, 2,.,n) for x > 0, t > 0 with "near equilibrium" initial and boundary data. This problem arises in a model of transport of neurofilaments in axons. The matrix (k ij ) is assumed to have a unique null vector (λ 1 ,., An) with positive components summed to 1 and the Vj are arbitrary velocities such that v = Σ n j=1 λ j ν j > 0. We prove that as e → 0, the solution converges to a traveling wave with velocity v and a spreading front, and that the convergence rate in the uniform norm is O(e (1-α)/2 ), for any small positive a.
The 6-GHz methanol multibeam maser catalogue - III. Galactic longitudes 330° to 345°

We present results from the third portion of the Methanol Multibeam Galactic plane survey of masers at 6668 MHz. It covers the longitude range 330°–345°, yielding 198 masers, of which more than 40 per cent are new discoveries. The maser population in this longitude range is the densest anywhere in the Galaxy, with many sources delineating a large portion of the Norma spiral arm close to its tangent point, and a cluster defining the southern tangent point of the 3-kpc ring. Two sources lie outside the solar circle, on the far side of the Galaxy, more than 15 kpc away.
Disrupting System 1 Thinking: Better Science for Smarter Marketing

Since the publication of Daniel Kahneman’s Thinking Fast and Slow in 2012, there has been an explosion of interest in System 1 versus System 2 thinking (aka Dual Process Theory) and its applications to marketing in particular. But what if we have it wrong? Are we using the latest and best science appropriately? The conventional wisdom is that most decisions are made by System 1, and only occasionally does System 2 kick in to override System 1. Additionally, System 1 decisions are thought to be very resilient, and the biases impossible to break. These “new” laws of human behavior have fueled dubious claims about related phenomena, such as 95% of behaviors are driven by non-conscious processes, cognition and emotion are two separate and independent processes, emotion is entirely non-conscious and measuring it is exclusively the domain of neuroscience, and cognition is entirely conscious and easily accessible by asking questions.
Exploring the Genetic Causality of Discordant Phenotypes in Familial Apparently Balanced Translocation Cases Using Whole Exome Sequencing

Familial apparently balanced translocations (ABTs) are usually not associated with a phenotype; however, rarely, ABTs segregate with discordant phenotypes in family members carrying identical rearrangements. The current study was a follow-up investigation of four familial ABTs, where whole exome sequencing (WES) was implemented as a diagnostic tool to identify the underlying genetic aetiology of the patients’ phenotypes. Data were analysed using an in-house bioinformatics pipeline alongside VarSome Clinical. WES findings were validated with Sanger sequencing, while the impact of splicing and missense variants was assessed by reverse-transcription PCR and in silico tools, respectively. Novel candidate variants were identified in three families. In family 1, it was shown that the de novo pathogenic STXBP1 variant (NM_003165.6:c.1110+2T>G) affected splicing and segregated with the patient’s phenotype. In family 2, a likely pathogenic TUBA1A variant (NM_006009.4:c.875C>T, NP_006000.2:p.(Thr292Ile)) could explain the patient’s symptoms. In family 3, an SCN1A variant of uncertain significance (NM_006920.6:c.5060A>G, NP_008851.3:p.(Glu1687Gly)) required additional evidence to sufficiently support causality. This first report of WES application in familial ABT carriers with discordant phenotypes supported our previous findings describing such rearrangements as coincidental. Thus, WES can be recommended as a complementary test to find the monogenic cause of aberrant phenotypes in familial ABT carriers.
Second-order elastic constants of pentaerythritol tetranitrate and cyclotrimethylene trinitramine using impulsive stimulated thermal scattering

Impulsive stimulated thermal scattering (ISTS) was used to determine the complete set of second-order elastic constants for pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) single crystals. Despite the weak scattering efficiency of these materials, excellent signal quality was obtained by using an optical heterodyne detection approach. The elastic constants for PETN agree well with previous values obtained from ultrasonic velocity measurements. The elastic constants for RDX are consistent with previous values obtained from ultrasonic velocity measurements and from resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, but show significant differences with values obtained from Brillouin scattering data. The present results demonstrate that the ISTS method, with optical heterodyne detection, provides a useful and accurate approach for determining the elastic constants of energetic crystals.
Persistence and Amalgamation Types in the Electronic Structure of Mixed Crystals

The intrinsic optical spectra of substitutional binary solid solutions can be classified into two types, persistence and amalgamation types. In the former, two structures corresponding to the two constituent substances do persist. In the latter, they are amalgamated in a single one. A unifying theoretical expression is obtained by which both the persistence and the amalgamation types can be described. Numerical results based on that expression are given assuming a simple form for the state density of the band. On the basis of them, various situations realized in mixed crystals are discussed in the light of the experimental information, with particular emphasis on the behavior of the optical spectra with the change in composition.
Multi-Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Heterogeneity and Tumor-Promoting Role of SPP1/CD44-Mediated Intratumoral Crosstalk in Gastric Cancer

Simple Summary Studies have shown that SPP1 plays an important role in the progression of certain tumors, but the specific functional mechanism in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. Our goal was to reveal the prognostic value of SPP1 in GC and its role in the GC tumor microenvironment based on multi-transcriptomic analysis. We demonstrated that a high expression of SPP1 contributed to advanced gastric TNM stages and a poor prognosis for advanced GC patients, providing a solution to the controversy regarding the clinical relevance of SPP1 in GC. Furthermore, we found that SPP1+ macrophages were unique to GC cancerous tissues and cancer cell-containing regions, and that the SPP1/CD44-mediated crosstalk between SPP1+ macrophages and cancer cells formed a specific niche to accelerate the malignant progression of GC, which may serve as a therapeutic target with fewer side-effects in GC. Abstract GC is a fatal disease with high heterogeneity and invasiveness. Recently, SPP1 has been reported to be involved in the tumor progression of multiple human cancers; however, the role of SPP1 in GC heterogeneity and whether it is associated with the invasiveness and mortality of GC remain unclear. Here, we combined multiple RNA sequencing approaches to evaluate the impact of SPP1 on GC. Through bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we found that SPP1 was highly expressed in GC, and high levels of SPP1 were associated with macrophage infiltration, an advanced tumor stage, and higher mortality for advanced GC patients. Furthermore, through simultaneous single-cell and spatial analysis, we demonstrated that SPP1+ macrophages are tumor-specific macrophages unique to cancer and enriched in the deep layer of GC tissue. Cell—cell communication analysis revealed that SPP1/CD44 interactions between SPP1+ macrophages and their localized tumor epithelial cells could activate downstream target genes in epithelial cells to promote dynamic changes in intratumor heterogeneity. Moreover, these activated genes were found to be closely associated with poor clinical GC outcomes and with cancer-related pathways that promote GC progression, as shown by survival analysis and enrichment analysis, respectively. Collectively, our study reveals that tumor-specific SPP1+ macrophages drive the architecture of intratumor heterogeneity to evolve with tumor progression and that SPP1 may serve as a prognostic marker for advanced GC patients, as well as a potential therapeutic target for GC.
TaqMan-based real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR for detection of Orf virus

Contagious ecthyma, also known as scabby mouth or Orf, is a zoonosis, which is caused by the Orf virus (ORFV). Human contact with infected animals can cause cutaneous lesions. To prevent and control ORFV effectively, rapid detection method is very important and highly needed. Real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR (qPCR) assay is considered as a rapid techonology to detect ORFV, and has been used for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation. In present study, we developed a TaqMan-based qPCR assay for detection of ORFV. Beacon Designer 7.9 was used to design specific primers and probes were based on the ORFV020 gene sequence of the virus (GenBank Accession No. KF666563.1). The method had no cross-reactions with other common bacteria and viruses, was highly specific; the sensitivity test result showed that it could detect 10 copies of ORFV genomic DNA, and was more sensitive than conventional PCR. Both intra- and inter-variabilities were less than 2%, indicating the high stability and repeatability of the method. Additionally, 99 clinical samples from sheep and goats with suspected contagious ecthyma were tested using the developed assay and conventional PCR. The results showed that the developed assay was more sensitive and faster than conventional PCR. It can be concluded that the assay was suitable for routine detection of the ORFV and the epidemiological investigation.