Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Situated Assessment Method (SAM2): Establishing individual differences in habitual behavior

From the perspectives of grounded, situated, and embodied cognition, we have developed a new approach for assessing individual differences. Because this approach is grounded in two dimensions of situatedness—situational experience and the Situated Action Cycle—we refer to it as the Situated Assessment Method (SAM2). Rather than abstracting over situations during assessment of a construct (as in traditional assessment instruments), SAM2 assesses a construct in situations where it occurs, simultaneously measuring factors from the Situated Action Cycle known to influence it. To demonstrate this framework, we developed the SAM2 Habitual Behavior Instrument (SAM2 HBI). Across three studies with a total of 442 participants, the SAM2 HBI produced a robust and replicable pattern of results at both the group and individual levels. Trait-level measures of habitual behavior exhibited large reliable individual differences in the regularity of performing positive versus negative habits. Situational assessments established large effects of situations and large situation by individual interactions. Several sources of evidence demonstrated construct and content validity for SAM2 measures of habitual behavior. At both the group and individual levels, these measures were associated with factors from the Situated Action Cycle known to influence habitual behavior in the literature (consistency, automaticity, immediate reward, long-term reward). Regressions explained approximately 65% of the variance at the group level and a median of approximately 75% at the individual level. SAM2 measures further exhibited well-established interactions with personality measures for self-control and neuroticism. Cognitive-affective processes from the Situated Action Cycle explained nearly all the variance in these interactions. Finally, a composite measure of habitualness established habitual behaviors at both the group and individual levels. Additionally, a composite measure of reward was positively related to the composite measure of habitualness, increasing with self-control and decreasing with neuroticism.
Robust, compact, and flexible neural model for a fiber Raman amplifier

In this paper, a novel robust, compact, and flexible neural-network model for a fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) is presented. The model can be used in various applications with promising accuracy and low requirement for memory. Analytical expressions are derived in order to make the optimal pump-power configuration much easier, and the computational time is reduced dramatically in comparison with other gain-design methods in real-time pump-power adjustment. The calculated on-off gain spectrum and the noise figure using the proposed model agree well with the experimental results. The model has a potential value in simulation and pump-power dynamic control.
Stochastic modeling and analysis of the bitcoin protocol in the presence of block communication delays

We analyze the protocol of the bitcoin blockchain by using the PRISM probabilistic model checker. In particular, we (i) extend PRISM with the ledger data type, (ii) model the behavior of the key participants in the protocol—the miners—and (iii) describe the whole protocol as a parallel composition of processes. The probabilistic analysis of the model highlights how forks happen and how they depend on specific parameters of the protocol, such as the difficulty of the cryptopuzzle and the network communication delays. Our results confirm that considering transactions in blocks at depth larger than 5 as confirmed is reasonable because the majority of miners have consistent blockchains up‐to that depth with probability of almost 1. We also study the behavior of networks with churn miners, which may leave the network and rejoin afterwards, and with different topologies.
The Application of Manual Techniques in Masticatory Muscles Relaxation as Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are primarily characterized by pain as well as disorders concerning the proper functioning of individual elements of the stomatognathic system (SS). The aim of the study was to compare the degree of relaxation of the anterior part of the temporal muscles and the masseter muscles, achieved through the use of post-isometric relaxation and myofascial release methods in patients requiring prosthetic treatment due to temporomandibular joint disorders with a dominant muscular component. Sixty patients who met the inclusion criteria were alternately assigned to one of the two study groups, either group I—patients received post-isometric relaxation treatment (PIR), or group II—patients received myofascial release treatment (MR). The series of ten treatments were performed in both groups. The comparative assessment was based on physiotherapeutic examination, a surface electromyography (sEMG) of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles and the intensity of spontaneous masticatory muscle pain, assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). We observed a significant decrease in the electrical activity of examined muscles and a significant drop in the intensity of spontaneous pain in the masticatory muscles both in group I and II. There were no significant differences between groups. Both therapeutic methods may be used as successful forms of adjunctive therapy in the prosthetic treatment of TMD. The trial was registered with an international clinical trials register.
Macrofauna evaluation in two coffee agroforestry systems

Knowing the soil macrofauna and its distribution is important to predict the degradation state of a soil as well as its physical properties and biological components. This research was carried out in coffee ecotopes 220A and 221A in southern Colombia. Two systems were evaluated, Coffea arabica var Castillo and native forest coffee, during two different seasons, winter and summer. Sampling was carried out using the tropical soil biology and fertility program (TSBF) methodology. The statistical treatment was carried out by means of a non-parametric analysis of variance Kruskal-Wall test. The density of orders present per square meter was evaluated, demonstrating that the highest density occurred in the winter season in the ecotope 220A and 221A forest system, with averages of 9.33 orders/ m2 and 9.67 orders/ m2, respectively. The highest number of density of individuals was obtained in winter, in the forest system and coffee in the 220A and 221A ecotopes with averages ranging between 1808 individuals/ m2 and 1368 individuals/ m2, statistically exceeding the number of individuals/ m2 that appeared in summer season. For biomass, the highest contribution was obtained in the winter season, with averages of 186.5 grams/ m2 in the 220A ecotope and 205.74 grams/ m2 for the 221A ecotope, exceeding the biomass that was presented in coffee winter season time, both in the 220A and 221A ecotopes.
Effect of drivers' risk perception on safe driving attitude

The study is based on a sample of 500 drivers taken from Rohtak district of Haryana in India. The four constructs viz. Traffic Rules (TR), Driving Responsibility (DR), Non-Driving Activities (NDA) and Risk Perception (RP) of study are defined by 21 items of the questionnaire. Structural equation modelling has been used to analyse the data. The results of the study indicate that there is significant effect of risk perception on drivers' attitude regarding NDA, driving responsibility and traffic rules. Traffic rules significantly directly and indirectly impact NDA. Driving responsibility and NDA are directly influenced by traffic rules. Driving responsibility directly affects NDA. Statistical properties are satisfactory to examine the effect of drivers' risk perception on safe driving attitude. The results of the study suggest that the state transport departments' focus on the risk perception of road accidents in driving training program can help in modifying drivers' attitude regarding safe driving.
Risk factors for loneliness among older people in a Nordic regional context – a longitudinal study

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of loneliness among older people and to identify risk factors for loneliness in a Nordic regional context over a six-year period. Longitudinal data from the Gerontological Regional Database (GERDA) study of 4,269 older adults living in northern Sweden and western Finland, aged 65, 70, 75 and 80 at baseline in 2010, were analysed. Logistic regressions were used to analyse socio-demographic, social and health-related risk factors at baseline and changes in these for experiences of loneliness at follow-up. The results showed that most older adults (85%) did not experience loneliness at baseline or at follow-up in our study region. However, 3 per cent of the sample reported loneliness in both study years, indicating enduring and chronic loneliness. Analyses revealed that being widowed and becoming a widow/er as well as poor self-rated health at baseline and the onset of depression were risk factors for loneliness. Finally, the risk of loneliness was higher in older people living in Sweden. Further work is needed to explore changes and stability in loneliness as well as to increase our understanding of between-country differences in loneliness.
Influence of Product Involvement on Tourist Shopping Behavior: The Mediating Role of Place Attachment, Satisfaction, and Visit Frequency

Abstract This study investigates how tourists’ involvement with certain products that originate in a destination country influences their expenditures on these products during their trips to the country. Based on the extant literature, we propose a model that accounts for the mediating mechanisms of place attachment, overall satisfaction, and visit frequency. The relationships between the model’s variables are empirically examined using data collected from 1,314 Chinese tourists who had travel experiences in Japan and varying levels of involvement with Japanese cosmetic products. Contrary to our expectations, the result for the direct effect of product involvement on purchase amount is negative and significant. However, the indirect effects of product involvement through place attachment and overall satisfaction are both significantly positive and appear to surpass the negativity of the direct effect. Thus, this study confirms that tourists’ involvement with a product will cause them to spend more money on the product. The implications for local retailers and manufacturers to increase revenue from inbound tourists are discussed.
Puzzling choices in hard times: Union ideologies of social concertation in the Great Recession

Using the cases of Ireland and Portugal during the post-2008 Great Recession, we argue that unions' ideological formations around social concertation are central in aiding them to navigate their options about whether to engage in concessionary bargaining with government under crisis conditions. Building on Hyman's triangle of union identity, we show how an ideational perspective can complement interest- based accounts of unions' strategies to explain their engagement with policymakers or their opposition in the macro- management of the economy.
Computer-aided double matching via parametric representation of Brune functions

A new computer-aided broadband matching technique, the so-called parametric approach, is applied to double-matching problems. The technique takes less computation time and yields superior gain performance over the other available brute-force CAD techniques. Examples are presented to exhibit the practical use of the parametric approach. The results obtained are compared with those obtained via the real-frequency-direct-computational technique, which offers superior design performance with simple equalizer structures. The real-frequency techniques of broadbanding are implemented with several computational phases in which data-fitting processes, explicit factorization of real polynomials, and solution of a set of linear equations are required. The proposed parametric approach is a reformulation of the real-frequency techniques that eliminates the laborious numerical computations of the latter. The approach involves the parametric representation of Brune functions. Neither the use of explicit factorization of polynomials nor the solution of linear equation systems is necessary. Thus, the parametric method of broadband matching requires less computation with improved numerical stability. >
State‐dependent environmental sensitivity of reproductive success and survival in a shorebird

To understand the consequences of anthropogenic and environmental changes for wild-life populations, it is important to study how individuals differ in their sensitivity to environmental change and whether this depends on individual characteristics. An individual ’ s reproductive performance may provide an integrative, unidimensional proxy of an individual ’ s characteristics. In this study, we de ﬁ ne an individual ’ s characteristics by three such reproductive states, namely successful, failed and non-breeders in the previous year. We used a 16-year dataset of individually marked breeding Eurasian Oystercatchers Hae-matopus ostralegus to examine the interannual ﬂ uctuations in reproductive success and survival among breeding states, and their state-dependent sensitivity to environmental conditions. Environmental conditions included available biomass of the main prey species of breeding Oystercatchers
Recent Advances in Additive Manufacturing of High Entropy Alloys and Their Nuclear and Wear-Resistant Applications

Alloying has been very common practice in materials engineering to fabricate metals of desirable properties for specific applications. Traditionally, a small amount of the desired material is added to the principal metal. However, a new alloying technique emerged in 2004 with the concept of adding several principal elements in or near equi-atomic concentrations. These are popularly known as high entropy alloys (HEAs) which can have a wide composition range. A vast area of this composition range is still unexplored. The HEAs research community is still trying to identify and characterize the behaviors of these alloys under different scenarios to develop high-performance materials with desired properties and make the next class of advanced materials. Over the years, understanding of the thermodynamics theories, phase stability and manufacturing methods of HEAs has improved. Moreover, HEAs have also shown retention of strength and relevant properties under extreme tribological conditions and radiation. Recent progresses in these fields are surveyed and discussed in this review with a focus on HEAs for use under extreme environments (i.e., wear and irradiation) and their fabrication using additive manufacturing.
Quality Assessment of Direct Harvested Rainwater in parts of Anambra State, Nigeria

Rainwater harvesting has become an alternative water source especially in developing countries where many people lack access to pipe borne water. The build-up of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere has had negative impacts on the quality of rainwater and poses great risks to people who depend on this source of water resources. Hence this study assess the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of rainwater collected in the open in Oko, Orumba North L.G. A. of Anambra State. In the study, direct harvested rainwater were collected from three stations in Oko community and analyzed to investigate the quality of harvested rainwater within the region. Thirty-one water quality parameters were considered and analyzed in the laboratory. The laboratory results were compared to permissible water quality level as recommended by NAFDAC. The comparative parameters analysis shows that the sample collected rainwater were within the permissible limit except for pH which was slightly acidic.
STATUS OF ONERA RESEARCH ON WAKE VORTEX IN THE FRAMEWORK OF NATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND EUROPEAN COLLABORATION

This document provides a synthesis of recent experimental research studies conducted at ONERA, aiming at a better charac terisation of aircraft wake vortex and its control. Thus, either generic, two-engine or f our-engine transport aircraft-type models have been considered in existing complementary facilities from ONERA, being the most appropriate for scrutinizing different stage s of wake evolution. Main results from several research programmes are discussed. Th ey have been obtained both from National and European activities, although emphasis has been set on the 5 th Framework Programme project "C-Wake: Wake Vortex C haracterisation and Control".
INTEGRATED EFFECT OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM L)

To determine the inorganic and organic nutrient sources & optimum rates for sugarcane production, field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam, Pakistan, (25 o 25'60'N 68 -1 . The results showed that under-dose or individual application of inorganic or organic nutrient sources recorded less value of all sugarcane traits but the integration of both the sources except bio fertilizer significantly improved all the traits of plant crop. The maximum tillers plant -1 , plant height, stem girth, internodes plant -1 , internode length, millable canes, cane yield, leaf area plant -1 , leaf area index, crop growth rate and dry matter were found higher with the application of FYM and or press mud applied at 20 t ha -1 with three-fourth of recommended rate of NPK fertilizer (169-84-126). Both the treatments were statistically non- significant. However, quality and nutrient uptake traits viz. brix, pol, purity, commercial cane sugar, NPK uptake and accumulation in sugarcane were higher with the application of three-fourth of recommended rate of NPK fertilizer (169-84- 126 1 ) + 20 tons press mud ha -1 . It is concluded that integrated nutrient management recorded 25% saving of inorganic fertilizers with the application of FYM and or press mud applied at 20 t ha -1 . Integration of organic and inorganic nutrients should be practiced. This will not only enhance growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake of sugarcane but also conserve agro-ecosystem for sustainable crop production.
A z-Transform Discrete-Time State-Space Formulation for Aeroelastic Stability Analysis

In many complex aerospace applications, it is common to use numerical tools to evaluate the unsteady aerodynamic behavior. The present work presents an alternate formulation for the state-space representation of aeroelastic systems based on digital control theory that is shown to be more effective and accurate for the coupling of numerical solutions with such systems. The application of the z transform allows for direct frequency domain representations of the aerodynamic solutions without the need for approximating models, as generally occurs in other state-space formulations. This fact also makes this new methodology a more straightforward procedure for aeroelastic analyses. A typical section model of a NACA 0012 airfoil at transonic flow conditions is used as a test case to assess the correctness and accuracy of the proposed formulation. The present results are compared with data obtained from continuous-time state-space formulations and through the direct integration of the aerodynamic and structural dynamic equations.
Artifacts Use in Safety Critical Information Transfer: A Preliminary Study of the Information Arena

Highly skilled professionals in mission critical work domains communicate complicated, critical information, frequently under time pressure. For example, sustained operations require shift work, which results in hand-offs of responsibilities and need of information transfers. There is a growing interest to support their communications through advanced information technology. We observed usage of information artifacts in a pediatric intensive care unit to study information transfers to guide the design of support technology. In contrast to published studies, we examined the context of supporting environment that contains rich information sources gathered or tailored for verbal discourses. We called the supporting environment “information arena. ” Clinicians prepare for their personal information arena as well as the shared information arena (e.g., paper notes, charts, mobile computers). Patterns of artifact uses during discourses revealed several distinct roles of artifacts, as well as constraints on design of such artifacts. For example, artifacts in shared information arena should be easily manageable to support fluid and dynamic conversation flow. We also uncover several potential future roles for information artifacts to support information transfer.
Analysis of the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic through the sojourn tax and the attitudes of the respondents

The impact of the global epidemic caused by the appearance and spread of the Covid19 virus has led to strong effects on all human labor activities, of which tourism stands out, as the activity most affected by the virus. Less than two years have passed since the outbreak of the epidemic, and tourism, as an activity, has slowly begun to return to its pre-epidemic state since the complete collapse at the interstate level. This paper will analyze the impact of the current global epidemic on tourism in the Republic of Serbia through the analysis of the sojourn tax in the period of 3 consecutive years from 2018 to 2020, while researching the attitudes of sampled respondents on tourist visits during the epidemic. The issue of the tourist tax and its positive and negative sides will also be considered. The main conclusion is that the revenues from the tourist tax in most local self-government units recorded a declining trend, which in most cases was not significant, as a result of a good state strategy and encouragement of domestic tourism during the global closure and crisis caused by the pandemic Covid19. Most of the total number of respondents are satisfied with the level of tourist services in their home country and after the pandemic they will visit domestic tourist destinations more often.
Low-power digital ASIC for on-chip spectral analysis of low-frequency physiological signals

A digital ASIC chip customized for battery-operated body sensing devices is presented. The ASIC incorporates a novel hybrid-architecture fast Fourier transform (FFT) unit that is capable of scalable spectral analysis, a licensed ARM7TDMI IP hardcore and several peripheral IP blocks. Extensive experimental results suggest that the complete chip works as intended. The power consumption of the FFT unit is 0.69 mW @ 1 MHz with 1.8 V power supply. The low-power and programmable features of the ASIC make it suitable for ‘on-the-fly’ low-frequency physiological signal processing.
Internal governance of design and engineering: the case of the multinational firm

This paper examines the process of design and engineering in large-scale construction projects delivered by multinational organizations. The analysis is on the basis of using transaction cost economics to represent design and engineering as a stream of intra-firm transactions between the local contracting office and the network of subsidiary offices. The paper then applies the concept of asset specificity to process-level design and engineering knowledge and induces a theoretical framework on the basis of local and expertise specificity of assets. The framework posits that different levels of local and expertise specificity lead to different modes for intra-firm governance of work packages in design and engineering. The paper validates the theoretical framework with interview data from six major international design and engineering organizations and derives a set of management recommendations for practitioners. The framework takes the transaction cost theory into the realm of intra-firm governance represented as a stream of asset-specific transactions. The framework extends construction engineering and management literature with a transaction-based elaboration of the design and engineering process