Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dye-Improved Optical Absorption of Vertically Aligned Silicon Nanowire Arrays Synthesized by Electroless Etching of Silicon Wafer

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are important candidate for high performance electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their unique structures, electrical and optical properties. SiNWs were fabricated by silver-assisted electroless etching of Si wafer. Vertically aligned SiNW arrays with length about 8.75 μm and diameter of less than 90 nm have been fabricated. The reflectance of SiNWs without dye (12%) is greatly lower compared to bare Si wafer (25%). Therefore, SiNWs on Si substrate can be used as a good anti-reflection layer for a wide range of incident light. The reflectance of dye-sensitized SiNWs with red, green and blue dyes is 7%, 5.5%, and 5% respectively. The results confirmed that the reflectance of SiNWs with dye is much lower compared to SiNWs without dye and bare Si wafer. It was proven that dye on SiNWs can be used to reduce the reflectance (improved absorption) about 40% compared to SiNWs without dye.
MILD HYPOTHERMIA (33°C) REDUCES INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION AND IMPROVES FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AFTER SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE IN RATS

OBJECTIVEAfter a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), the primary cause of mortality is secondary brain injury occurring within the first 48 hours after the initial bleeding. Because of the unknown pathophysiology of these early events, therapeutic approaches are scarce. Because mild hypothermia (33°C) is among the strongest neuroprotectants known so far, the aim of this study was to investigate acute and delayed effects of hypothermia if applied after SAH. METHODSMale Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to SAH and randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) SAH under normothermia, 2) SAH followed by 2 hours of hypothermia starting 1 hour after the bleeding, and 3) SAH followed by 2 hours of hypothermia starting 3 hours after the bleeding. Cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure were continuously measured up to 6 hours after SAH. Mortality, neurological deficits, and body weight were assessed from postoperative day 1 to day 7. Brain water content and morphological brain damage were quantified 24 hours and 7 days after SAH, respectively. RESULTSMild hypothermia reduced intracranial pressure (P < 0.001) and posthemorrhagic neurological deficits (P < 0.05) and improved postoperative weight gain significantly (P < 0.05). Mortality, cerebral blood flow, and the formation of cerebral edema were not significantly influenced by mild hypothermia. CONCLUSIONThe current results show that mild hypothermia (33°C) exhibits sustained neuroprotection if applied up to 3 hours after SAH. Overall, mild hypothermia seems to be an effective neuroprotective strategy after SAH and should therefore be evaluated as a treatment option for SAH in patients.
Structure of reflective functioning and adult attachment scales: overlap and distinctions

ABSTRACT This investigation examined the structure of reflective functioning (RF) – an understanding of the links between mental states and behaviors – and adult attachment scales. Both RF and traditional adult attachment scales were coded based on 194 prebirth Adult Attachment Interviews (AAI). Correlational and factor analyses indicated considerable overlap between RF and traditional AAI coding. Exploratory factor analyses of RF and AAI state-of-mind scales indicated that RF loaded, along with coherence of mind, on the primary factor distinguishing between individuals categorized as secure and dismissing. These findings indicate substantial overlap between RF and AAI scales; however, the magnitude of the correlations between these scales indicates that they are not redundant.
A Preliminary Study on Deep-Learning Based Screaming Sound Detection

In addition to the traditional video surveillance, various audio processing techniques can also be added to the existing CCTV cameras. They can be used as additional features to help in analyzing the scene better and autonomously detecting violence or any unwanted activity in the scene. For this purpose, a deep learning based scream sound detection approach is proposed in this paper. MFCC features after interpolation are used as input of the system. The proposed system is experimented using a self-recorded scream database and with controlled and calculated parameters 100 % accuracy is achieved.
GPU-based frequency domain volume rendering

Frequency domain volume rendering (FVR) is a volume rendering technique with lower computational complexity as compared to other techniques. In this paper the FVR algorithm is accelerated by factor of 17 by mapping the rendering stage to the GPU. The overall hardware-accelerated pipeline is discussed and the changes according to previous work are pointed out. The three-dimensional transformation into frequency domain is done in a pre-processing step. The rendering step is computed completely on the GPU. First the projection slice is extracted. Four different interpolation schemes are used for resampling the slice from the data represented by a 3D texture. The extracted slice is transformed back into the spatial domain using the inverse Fast Fourier or Fast Hartley Transform. The rendering stage is implemented through shader programs running on programmable graphics hardware achieving highly interactive framerates.
Modeling Flow Turbulence in a Continuous Casting Slab Mold Comparing the use of Two Bifurcated Nozzles with Square and Circular Ports

Flow patterns of liquid steel in a thick slab mold, fed by bifurcated nozzles, are modeled through water modeling using characterization techniques such as particle image velocimetry (PIV), ultrasound velocimetry probe (UPV), and mathematical simulations using the large eddy simulation (LES) model. Geometries of nozzle ports include circular and square shapes with similar cross‐section area. Square ports deliver wandering jets that occupy about 66% of the port area, and are raveled during their pass through the mold impacting the narrow face. Circular ports deliver compact jets mainly through the lower edge occupying only about 45% of the port area. The analysis of the flow structures indicates that the circular ports form more turbulent jets than square ones for the same flow rate of liquid. Mathematical simulations, using the LES model, predict acceptably well measured velocity fields. Slag entrainment through mechanisms of shear‐drag forces at the metal–slag interface is estimated through a critical capillary number which involves slag viscosity, interfacial tension, and fluid velocity. At deep nozzle immersions, this capillary model predicts more slag entrainment using the bifurcated nozzle with circular ports.
Feedback scheduling of control tasks

The paper presents a feedback scheduling mechanism in the context of co-design of the scheduler and the control tasks. We are particularly interested in controllers where the execution time may change abruptly between different modes, such as in hybrid controllers. The proposed solution attempts to keep the CPU utilization at a high level, avoid overload, and distribute the computing resources evenly among the tasks. The feedback scheduler is implemented as a periodic or sporadic task that assigns sampling periods to the controllers based on execution-time measurements. The controllers may also communicate feedforward mode-change information to the scheduler. As an example, we consider hybrid control of a set of double-tank processes. The system is evaluated, from both scheduling and control performance perspectives, by co-simulation of controllers, scheduler and tanks.
Intrinsic coherence of prosodic and segmental aspects of speech

It has been long held that segmental and prosodic aspects of speech belong to very different domains. Segments refer to vowels and consonants which constitute the phonemes that make up the words of speech, and they are what most writing systems record. As such they are viewed as the core components of speech. Prosodic components, also known as suprasegmentals, refer to properties like stress, timing, duration and intonation. According to Lehiste (1996:227): “segmental features characterize speech sounds, and suprasegmental features are properties of speech sounds or their sequences that are simultaneously present, that do not change the distinctive phonetic quality of the speech sounds, but do modify the sounds in a way that may change the meaning of the utterance”. In this definition, speech sounds refer only to consonants and vowels, and suprasegmental properties are treated as properties that accompany the speech sounds. Although speech research used to be dominated by segmental studies that are concerned with only consonants and vowels, in recent years speech prosody has become an increasingly active area of research. Yet prosody is still typically viewed as not only separate from segments, but also involving rather different articulatory and perceptual mechanisms. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that this conceptual divide is unwarranted. We will show that segments and prosody are in fact intrinsically coherent, because they share essentially the same articulatory dynamics, and are both involved in encoding lexical as well as non-lexical communicative functions. We will make our case by first reviewing evidence for the basic articulatory mechanisms of tonal dynamics, and then exploring how the same principles can be extended to segmental and intonational dynamics. Finally, we will examine how tonal as well as segmental reduction can be explained in terms of both articulatory dynamics and functional requirements.
Fields induced by three-dimensional dislocation loops in anisotropic magneto-electro-elastic bimaterials

The coupled elastic, electric and magnetic fields produced by an arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional dislocation loop in general anisotropic magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) bimaterials are derived. First, we develop line-integral expressions for the fields induced by a general dislocation loop. Then, we obtain analytical solutions for the fields, including the extended Peach–Koehler force, due to some useful dislocation segments such as straight line and elliptic arc. The present solutions contain the piezoelectric, piezomagnetic and purely elastic solutions as special cases. As numerical examples, the fields induced by a square and an elliptic dislocation loop in MEE bimaterials are studied. Our numerical results show the coupling effects among different fields, along with various interesting features associated with the dislocation and interface.
The effects of repeated expressions on attitude polarization during group discussions.

Classic explanations of the "group polarization phenomenon" emphasize interpersonal processes such as informational influence and social comparison (Myers & Lamm, 1976). Based on earlier research, we hypothesized that at least part of the polarization observed during group discussion might be due to repeated attitude expression. Two studies provide support for this hypothesis. In Study 1, we manipulated how often each group member talked about an issue and how often he or she heard other group members talk about the issue. We found that repeated expression produced a reliable shift in extremity. A detailed coding of the groups' discussions showed that the effect of repeated expression on attitude polarization was enhanced in groups where the group members repeated each other's arguments and used them in their own line of reasoning. Study 2 tested for this effect experimentally. The results showed that the effect of repeated expression was augmented in groups where subjects were instructed to use each others' arguments compared to groups where instructions were given to avoid such repetitions. Taken together, these studies show that repeated expression accounts for at least part of the attitude polarization observed in the typical studies on group polarization and that this effect is augmented by social interaction, i.e., it occurs particularly in an environment where group members repeat and validate each other's ideas.
Optoelectronics and Photonics: Principles and Practices

(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with Questions and Problems.) 1. Wave Nature of Light. Light Waves in a Homogeneous Medium. Refractive Index. Group Velocity and Group Index. Magnetic Field, Irradiance and Poynting Vector. Snell's Law and Total Internal Reflection (TIR). Fresnel's Equations. Multiple Interference and Optical Resonators. Goos-Hanchen and Optical Tunneling. Temporal and Spatial Coherence. Diffraction Principles. 2. Dielectric Waveguides and Optical Fibers. Symmetric Planar Dielectric Slab Waveguide. Modal and Waveguide Dispersion in the Planar Waveguide. Step Index Fiber. Numerical Aperture. Dispersion in Single Mode Fibers. Bit-Rate, Dispersion, Electrical and Optical Bandwidth. The Graded Index Optical Fiber. Light Absorption and Scattering. Attenuation in Optical Fibers. Fiber Manufacture. 3. Semiconductor Science and Light Emitting Diodes. Semiconductor Concepts and Energy Bands. Direct and Indirect Bandgap Semiconductors: E-k Diagrams. pn Junction Principles. The pn Junction Band Diagram. Light Emitting Diodes. LED Materials. Heterojunction High Intensity LEDs. LED Characteristics. LEDs for Optical Fiber Communications. 4. Stimulated Emission Devices Lasers. Stimulated Emission and Photon Amplification. Stimulated Emission Rate and Einstein Coefficients. Optical Fiber Amplifiers. Gas Laser: The He-Ne Laser. The Output Spectrum of a Gas Laser. LASER Oscillation Conditions. Principle of the Laser Diode. Heterostructure Laser Diodes. Elementary Laser Diode Characteristics. Steady State Semiconductor Rate Equation. Light Emitters for Optical Fiber Communications. Single Frequency Solid State Lasers. Quantum Well Devices. Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). Optical Laser Amplifiers. Holography. 5. Photodetectors. Principle of the pn Junction Photodiode. Ramo's Theorem and External Photocurrent. Absorption Coefficient and Photodiode Materials. Quantum Efficiency and Responsivity. The pin Photodiode. Avalanche Photodiode. Heterojunction Photodiodes. Phototransistors. Photoconductive Detectors and Photoconductive Gain. Noise in Photodetectors. 6. Photovoltaic Devices. Solar Energy Spectrum. Photovoltaic Device Principles. pn Junction Photovoltaic I-V Characteristics. Series Resistance and Equivalent Circuit. Temperature Effects. Solar Cells Materials, Devices and Efficiencies. 7. Polarization and Modulation of Light. Polarization. Light Propagation in an Anisotropic Medium: Birefringence. Birefringent Optical Devices. Optical Activity and Circular Birefringence. Electro-Optic Effects. Integrated Optical Modulators. Acousto-Optic Modulator. Magneto-Optic Effects. Non-Linear Optics and Second Harmonic Generation. Notation and Abbreviations. Index. CD-ROM: Optoelectronics and Photonics Contents.
Combined cognitive and parent training interventions for adolescents with ADHD and their mothers: A randomized controlled trial

This study examined the individual and combined effects of two nonpharmacological treatments for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Cogmed working memory training (CWMT) for adolescents and behavioral parent training (BPT) for mothers. Ninety-one adolescents (ages 11–15) and their mothers were randomized to one of four CWMT and BPT treatment and active control (placebo) group combinations of 5-week interventions. At pre- and posttest, mothers and teachers completed rating forms, and adolescents completed neuropsychological measures of working memory (WM). Individual intervention effects showed that treatment CWMT significantly improved WM spans, whereas there were no significant differences for treatment or control BPT on reports of parent-related outcomes. Combined treatment effects indicated an overall pattern of greatest improvements for the control CWMT/treatment BPT group, as compared to the other three groups, on adolescent WM deficit, behavioral regulation problems, and global executive deficit. Most significant effects for outcomes were main effects of improvements over time. A combination of CWMT and BPT did not result in increased treatment gains. However, potential effects of combined treatment may have been masked by greater perceived benefits arising from lack of struggle in the nonadaptive, CWMT active control condition. Future combined intervention research should focus on specific, theoretically driven WM deficits among individuals with ADHD, should include possible adaptations to the standard CWMT program, should examine effectiveness of cognitive treatments combined with contextual interventions and should utilize appropriate control groups to fully understand the unique and combined effects of interventions.
Hardware Fingerprinting Using HTML5

Device fingerprinting over the web has received much attention both by the research community and the commercial market a like. Almost all the fingerprinting features proposed to date depend on software run on the device. All of these features can be changed by the user, thereby thwarting the device's fingerprint. In this position paper we argue that the recent emergence of the HTML5 standard gives rise to a new class of fingerprinting features that are based on the \emph{hardware} of the device. Such features are much harder to mask or change thus provide a higher degree of confidence in the fingerprint. We propose several possible fingerprint methods that allow a HTML5 web application to identify a device's hardware. We also present an initial experiment to fingerprint a device's GPU.
161 Zwitserloot

Software agent technology generally is defined as the area that deals with writing software in such a way that it is autonomous. In this definition, the word autonomous indicates that the software has the ability to react to changes in its environment in a way that it can continue to perform its intended job. Specifically, changes in its input channels, its output channels, and the changes in or the addition or removal of other agent software should cause the agent to change its own behavior in order to function properly in the new environment. In other words, the term software agent refers to the fact that a certain piece of software likely will be able to run more reliably without user intervention in a changing environment compared to similar software designed without the software agent paradigm in mind. This definition is quite broad; for example, an alarm clock that automatically accounts for daylight savings time could be said to be autonomous in this property; a change in its environment (namely, the arrival of daylight savings time) causes the software running the clock to adjust the time it displays to the user by one hour, preserving, in the process, its intended function—displaying the current time. A more detailed description of agent technology is available from Russel and Norvig (2003). The autonomous nature of software agents makes them the perfect candidate for operating in an environment where the available software continually changes. Generally, this type of technology is referred to as multi-agent systems (MAS). In the case of MAS, the various agents running on the system adapt and account for the other agents available in the system that are relevant to its own operation in some way. For example, MAS-aware agents often are envisioned to have a way of negotiating for the use of a scarce resource with other agents. An obvious start for developing MAS is to decide on a common set of rules to which each agent will adhere, and on an appropriate communication standard. These requirements force the need for an underlying piece of software called an agent framework. This framework hosts the agents, is responsible for ensuring that the agents keep to the rules that apply to the situation, and streamlines communication between the agents themselves and external sensors and actuators (in essence, input and output, respectively). This paper will go into more detail regarding the advantages of MAS and agent frameworks, the nature and properties of agent frameworks, a selection of frameworks available at the moment, and attempts to draw some conclusions and best practices by analyzing the currently available framework technology.
Semantic interpretation of object activities in a surveillance system

Activity analysis and semantic interpretation of tracked targets in a dynamic image sequence has recently attracted more attentions in computer vision. In this paper, a framework for semantic interpretation of vehicle and pedestrian behaviors is proposed for practical applications in visual traffic surveillance. The trajectories recorded in the visual tracking process are analyzed using dynamic clustering and classification on which high level semantic interpretation is based Experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Exosome-Based Detection of EGFR T790M in Plasma from Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Purpose: About 60% of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients develop resistance to targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy through the EGFR T790M mutation. Patients with this mutation respond well to third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but obtaining a tissue biopsy to confirm the mutation poses risks and is often not feasible. Liquid biopsies using circulating free tumor DNA (cfDNA) have emerged as a noninvasive option to detect the mutation; however, sensitivity is low as many patients have too few detectable copies in circulation. Here, we have developed and validated a novel test that overcomes the limited abundance of the mutation by simultaneously capturing and interrogating exosomal RNA/DNA and cfDNA (exoNA) in a single step followed by a sensitive allele-specific qPCR. Experimental Design: ExoNA was extracted from the plasma of NSCLC patients with biopsy-confirmed T790M-positive (N = 102) and T790M-negative (N = 108) samples. The T790M mutation status was determined using an analytically validated allele-specific qPCR assay in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment laboratory. Results: Detection of the T790M mutation on exoNA achieved 92% sensitivity and 89% specificity using tumor biopsy results as gold standard. We also obtained high sensitivity (88%) in patients with intrathoracic disease (M0/M1a), for whom detection by liquid biopsy has been particularly challenging. Conclusions: The combination of exoRNA/DNA and cfDNA for T790M detection has higher sensitivity and specificity compared with historical cohorts using cfDNA alone. This could further help avoid unnecessary tumor biopsies for T790M mutation testing. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2944–50. ©2018 AACR.
Behaviour monitoring of the elderly by trajectories analysis

This paper presents a way to keep the elderly autonomous in their daily activities. The principle is to monitor their behaviour and more specifically their trajectories of movement in the living area. Two methods have been developed and compared: supervised and unsupervised classification. Some results from data collected in a long-stay setting are shown. They highlight the possibility of determining normal trajectory classes, and by comparison with the usual situation, to trigger alarms when the trajectories are unusual.