Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of psychiatric morbidities in two tertiary health institutions North west Nigeria

Abstract Background: Mental illnesses constitute a significant fraction of the global burden of diseases. Currently evaluated at 11.5% and an expected burden of 15% by 2020, it accounts for 40% of the leading health conditions contributing to the disability adjusted life years (DALYS). Worldwide, 340 million people suffer from mental illnesses, the majority living in the developing world. The aim of this study therefore was to assess the prevalence and socio-demographic distribution of psychiatric disorders in the psychiatric outpatient department of two tertiary health institutions in Nigeria. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. All patients attending the psychiatric outpatient clinic of the two hospitals from January to June 2014, diagnosed with psychiatric disorders according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) were included in the study. The sample size was determined using single population proportion formula and 250 respondents were selected using systematic random sampling. Data was collected manually through proformas and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: The prevalent age group of persons with psychiatric disorders from this study was 21-30 years constituting 35.1% of respondents at FNPHK and 36% at UDUTH. In the rural hospital 57.3% of respondents diagnosed with psychiatric disorders were men while in the urban hospital 64% were women. Depression (38% and 25.5%) was the prevalent diagnosis. The leading primary psychiatric diagnosis in both institutions was comparable - depression, generalized seizure and schizophrenia. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and schizophrenia is well documented in this study. The educational and geographic distribution of respondents suggests that high socio-economic status does not translate into less predisposal to psychiatric disorders. Policy makers and concerned government officials should enact and enforce laws that will help minimize associated social problems.
Multicolour observations of V404 Cyg with ULTRACAM

We present high-time-resolution multicolour observations of the quiescent soft X-ray transient V404 Cyg obtained with ULTRACAM. Superimposed on the ellipsoidal modulation of the secondary star are large flares on time-scales of a few hours, as well as several distinct rapid flares on time-scales of tens of minutes. The rapid flares, most of which show further variability and unresolved peaks, cover shorter time-scales than those reported in previous observations. The power density spectrum of the 5-s time-resolution data shows a quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) feature at 0.78 mHz (=21.5 min). Assuming this periodicity represents the Keplerian period at the transition between the thin and advective disc regions, we determine the transition radius. We discuss the possible origins for the QPO feature in the context of the advection-dominated accretion flow model.We determine the colour of the large flares and find that the i-band flux per unit frequency interval is larger than that in the g band. The colour is consistent with optically thin gas with a temperature of ~8000 K arising from a region with an equivalent blackbody radius of at least 2 RΘ, which covers 3 per cent of the surface of the accretion disc. Our timing and spectral analysis results support the idea that the rapid flares (i.e. the QPO feature) most likely arise from regions near the transition radius.
Energy and enstrophy spectra and fluxes for the inertial-dissipation range of two-dimensional turbulence.

In this paper, using Pao's conjecture [Y. -H. Pao, Phys. Fluids 8, 1063 (1965)10.1063/1.1761356], we derive expressions for the spectra and fluxes of kinetic energy and enstrophy for two-dimensional (2D) forced turbulence that extend beyond the inertial range. In these expressions, the fluxes and the spectra contain additional factors of the exponential form. To validate these model predictions, we perform numerical simulations of 2D turbulence with external force applied at wavenumber band (k_{f},k_{f}+1) in the intermediate range. The numerical results match with the model predictions, except for the energy and enstrophy fluxes for k<k_{f}, where the fluxes exhibit significant fluctuations. We show that these fluctuations arise due to the unsteady nature of the flow at small wavenumbers. For k<k_{f}, the shell-to-shell energy transfers computed using numerical data show forward energy transfers among the neighboring shells, but backward energy transfers among other shells.
Predicting the COSIE-C Signal from the Outer Corona up to 3 Solar Radii

We present estimates of the signal to be expected in quiescent solar conditions, as would be obtained with the COronal Spectrographic Imager in the EUV in its coronagraphic mode (COSIE-C). COSIE-C has been proposed to routinely observe the relatively unexplored outer corona, where we know that many fundamental processes affecting both the lower corona and the solar wind are taking place. The COSIE-C spectral band, 186–205 Å, is well-known as it has been observed with Hinode EIS. We present Hinode EIS observations that we obtained in 2007 out to 1.5 R⊙, to show that this spectral band in quiescent streamers is dominated by Fe xii and Fe xi and that the ionization temperature is nearly constant. To estimate the COSIE-C signal in the 1.5–3.1 R⊙ region we use a model based on CHIANTI atomic data and SoHO UVCS observations in the Si xii and Mg x coronal lines of two quiescent 1996 streamers. We reproduce the observed EUV radiances with a simple density model, photospheric abundances, and a constant temperature of 1.4 MK. We show that other theoretical or semi-empirical models fail to reproduce the observations. We find that the coronal COSIE-C signal at 3 R⊙ should be about 5 counts/s per 3. ″1 pixel in quiescent streamers. This is unprecedented and opens up a significant discovery space. We also briefly discuss stray light and the visibility of other solar features. In particular, we present UVCS observations of an active region streamer, indicating increased signal compared to the quiet Sun cases.
Small Magnitude Events Highlight the Correlation Between Hydraulic Fracturing Injection Parameters, Geological Factors, and Earthquake Occurrence

Hydraulic fracturing (HF) operations are widely associated with induced seismicity in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. This study correlates injection parameters of 12,903 HF stages in the Kiskatinaw area in northeast British Columbia with an enhanced catalog containing 40,046 earthquakes using a supervised machine learning approach. It identifies relevant combinations of geological and operational parameters related to individual HF stages in efforts to decipher fault activation mechanisms. Our results suggest that stages targeting specific geological units (here, the Lower Montney formation) are more likely to induce an earthquake. Additional parameters positively correlated with earthquake likelihood include target formation thickness, injection volume, and completion date. Furthermore, the COVID‐19 lockdown may have reduced the potential cumulative effect of HF operations. Our results demonstrate the value of machine learning approaches for implementation as guidance tools that help facilitate safe development of unconventional energy technologies.
Galaxy formation and large scale bias

We outline a simple approach to understanding the physical origin of bias in the distribution of galaxies relative to that of dark matter. The first step is to specify how collapsed, virialized halos of dark matter trace the overall matter distribution. The next step is to make a connection between halos and the luminous galaxies we observe. We appeal to the results of semi-analytic models of galaxy formation that are tuned to fit the observed luminosity functions of local groups and clusters. We have also used a high-resolution N-body simulation of a cold dark matter (CDM) universe to study the bias relation in more detail. The differences between the galaxy and dark matter distributions are quantified using a number of different clustering statistics. We arrive at the following general conclusions: 1) A comparison of the galaxy and dark matter density fields shows that linear biasing is a good description on large scales. 2) The bias factor b depends on the shape and normalization of the power spectrum. The lower the normalization, the larger the bias. More bias is obtained for spectra with more power on large scales. For "realistic" models, b ranges from 1 to 2.5. 3) Galaxies of different luminosity or morphology have different bias factors. 4) The scale dependence of the bias factor is weak.
Helium absorption and emission towards Theta(1) Ori C

The He I absorption and emission systems towards Theta(1) Ori C, the exciting star of the Orion Nebula, are investigated. To this end, high-resolution near-infrared long-slit spectra centred on the He I 1.083-mu m and Br gamma Lines and an ultra-high-resolution (R similar to 10(6)) spectrum of the optical HeI 3889-Angstrom line have been obtained. These data are supplemented by blue high spectral resolution echelle observations of Theta(1) Ori C and the other members of the Trapezium. Even at R similar to 10(6), the He I absorption profile, associated with foreground gas at a heliocentric velocity of +3 km s(-1), is very smooth, suggesting a simple broadening mechanism and homogeneity. The combination of the He I 2(3)S column density, deduced from the 3889-Angstrom line, with the nondetection of Br gamma emission at the same velocities sets an upper limit on the electron density in this medium of 10(10) m(-3). The He I 1.083-mu m long-slit spectrum shows the familiar background nebular emission, while a second blueshifted component is visible off-star at the same velocities as the absorption on-star. Several mechanisms to explain this emission are explored. We conclude that it is most probably emission formed behind, and leaking through, the absorbing gas layer. A clue to the origin of this emission is found in its spatial distribution: unlike the bright background nebular emission, the blueshifted component peaks symmetrically around the position of Theta(1) Ori C, suggesting a physical association with the star A possible model for the blueshifted emission is that it arises in a large-scale, dense shock front, provoked in some way by the wind of Theta(1) Ori C.
Navigating the Recruitment Maze: Latinx Athletes’ Journey to College Athletics

ABSTRACT Despite Latinxs steadily rising in number among the U.S. population, these students have been systematically excluded from the study of intercollegiate athletics. Guided by Yosso’s (2005) Community Cultural Wealth model, this qualitative study explored the recruitment experiences of 12 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Latinx college athletes. Through one-on-one interviews, this study sought to examine the pathways for Latinx college athletes to NCAA Division I institutions. The study unveiled three themes: (1) coach empowerment, (2) familial support, and (3) athletic networking. The findings depicted that the chances to become recruited to an NCAA Division I institution are not equal for Latinx high school students. Rather, those who possessed certain capital were more likely to navigate the recruitment maze and secure themselves a spot on an NCAA roster. The article concludes with recommendations for academic and athletic stakeholders.
The Fitter I Am, the Larger I Feel—The Vicious Circle of Physical Exercise in Anorexia Nervosa

Introduction: Body image distortion is a core symptom of anorexia nervosa (AN), embodying dissatisfaction and overvaluation of body appearance and weight. Body image distortion is an important factor in the maintenance of weight loss behaviours such as compulsive physical exercise. Conversely, physical exercise seems to have an aggravating effect on body image in patients with AN, but the evidence is still poor. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body image distortion and physical exercise in AN in order to understand whether physical exercise may play a specific role in body image distortion beyond psychopathological severity. Methods: Forty patients with AN and 21 healthy controls were tested for body image distortion and different proxies of physical exercise. Univariate correlations tested the relationship between body image distortion and physical exercise in AN and control groups. Then, to experimentally assess the effect of exercise on body image distortion, participants were invited to rate their body image before and after a standardised effort test. Results: In the AN group, a correlation was found between physical activity and body image distortion (p < 0.01), which was still significant after controlling for psychopathological severity. No correlation was found in healthy controls. After a standardised effort, patients with AN had higher increases in body image distortion than healthy controls (almost 4 kg/m2 vs. 0.8 kg/m2) (p < 0.01). Discussion: Physical exercise may contribute to the distortion of body image in anorexia nervosa and explain the paradoxical augmentation of unhealthy exercise despite ongoing weight loss.
The Effects of Computational Thinking Integration in STEM on Students’ Learning Performance in K-12 Education: A Meta-analysis

Computational thinking is believed to be beneficial for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) learning as it is closely related to many other skills required by STEM disciplines. There has been an increasing interest in integrating computational thinking into STEM and many studies have been conducted to examine the effects of this intervention. This meta-analysis examined the effects of computational thinking integration in STEM on students’ STEM learning performance in the K-12 education context. Following systematic procedures, we identified 20 publications with 21 studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria from a range of academic databases. We extracted effect sizes on student learning outcomes in one-group pretest-posttest designs. We also examined a range of moderating variables in the models, including student levels, STEM disciplines, intervention durations, alignment with content standards (e.g., CSTA/NGSS), types of intervention (e.g., simulation), and the use of unplugged/plugged activities. Overall, we found a statistically significant large effect size (g = 0. 85 [95% CI of 0.57–1.14]; p < .001), indicating a large overall effect of computational thinking integration on STEM learning outcomes. The effect sizes were significantly moderated by intervention durations. We provide a discussion of the findings and present implications for future research and practice.
Anticipatory Awareness and Actual Handwriting Performance Measures among Adolescents with Deficient Executive Functions

This secondary analysis explores differences and correlations between handwriting anticipatory awareness (time estimation, expected performance, and expected difficulty) before a paragraph copying task and actual performance time and legibility among adolescents with executive function deficits (EFD) versus neurotypical adolescents. Eighty-one adolescents (10–18 years old; 41 with EFD and daily functioning difficulties as per parent reports) estimated their time, expected performance, and expected difficulty before the paragraph copying task using the Self-Awareness of Performance Questionnaire (SAP-Q). Time duration was assessed using the Computerized Penmanship Evaluation Tool (ComPET) software, and legibility was scored using the Handwriting Legibility Scale (HLS). Significant between-group differences were found in actual time duration (ComPET), HLS total score and legibility components, and three SAP-Q questions. Both groups estimated significantly more performance time than their actual performance duration. The adolescents with EFD underestimated their performance before the handwriting task. Significant correlations were found between actual performance, anticipatory awareness, and Executive Function (EF) in both groups. Their performance predictions were significantly correlated with their EF and product’s legibility. The results highlight the potential relationships between anticipatory awareness and actual handwriting performance (time duration and legibility) of adolescents with and without EFD. Further studies may analyze the benefits of focusing on both EF and anticipatory awareness for handwriting improvement among populations with EF deficits.
The Relationship between the Severity of Constipation and Exercise Status in the Japanese Population according to Questionnaire Survey

Objective. The Japanese guideline for the treatment of chronic constipation recommends that nonpharmacological treatment be applied. However, only a small proportion of patients with constipation seek medical care, and even when they do visit a hospital for constipation in Japan, most are only prescribed medication. This is because the effectiveness of exercise therapy for constipation is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of constipation in Japanese subjects and the relationship between constipation and exercise. Methods. We conducted a questionnaire survey over a period of four months to determine the prevalence of chronic constipation in nonexercise and exercise groups, as well as the effectiveness of exercise on chronic constipation. Subjective constipation was defined by the constipation scoring system. Multiple regression analysis was performed on risk factors for high constipation scoring system scores, and factors related to constipation symptoms were extracted. Result. We analysed responses regarding 556 participants ranging in mean age 35.6 ± 17.2 years. The constipation scoring system score was significantly higher in the nonexercise group than in the exercise group. Independent predictors for the constipation scoring system score were sex, implementation of exercise, and presence of disease under treatment. Conclusion. The result showed that independent predictors for the constipation scoring system score were sex, implementation of exercise, and presence of disease under treatment. Thus, the present study demonstrated that exercise affects constipation symptom.
How does AI use drive individual digital resilience? a conservation of resources (COR) theory perspective

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) serves as a useful resource for replacing, supporting, and augmenting individuals in responding to external difficulties and enhancing individual resilience. However, little is known about the underlying laws of how AI can heighten individual resilience. This research examines the formation of individual resilience based on the consequences of different AI usage behaviours. Study 1 uses text mining to detect individual resilience based on the experience with AI. We identify not only individual resilience but also family resilience. Study 2, based on the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, collects online survey data from personal intelligent assistant users to investigate the transformation mechanism of AI usage behaviours to individual resilience. Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory, routine and infusion use are considered two levels of resource investments to strengthen the different degrees of individual resilience by coping responses (task-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance coping). The findings confirm the differences between routine and infusion use in the formation of individual resilience, mediated by both task-focused and emotion-focused coping, without the mediating role of avoidance coping. Our research provides enlightenment for researchers and practitioners on building resilience and improving performance.
Methionine Restriction Improves Cognitive Ability by Alleviating Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis through H19 in Middle-Aged Insulin-Resistant Mice

LncRNA H19 has been reported to regulate apoptosis and neurological diseases. Hippocampal neuron apoptosis damages cognitive ability. Methionine restriction (MR) can improve cognitive impairment. However, the effect of MR on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in middle-aged mice remains unclear. For 25 weeks, middle-aged mice (C57BL/6J) were given a control diet (CON, 0.86% methionine + 4.2% fat), a high-fat diet (HFD, 0.86% methionine + 24% fat), or an HFD + MR diet (HFMR, 0.17% methionine + 24% fat). The HT22 cells were used to establish the early apoptosis model induced by high glucose (HG). In vitro, the results showed that MR significantly improved cell viability, suppressed the generation of ROS, and rescued HT22 cell apoptosis in a gradient-dependent manner. In Vivo, MR inhibited the damage and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons caused by a high-fat diet, reduced hippocampal oxidative stress, improved hippocampal glucose metabolism, relieved insulin resistance, and enhanced cognitive ability. Furthermore, MR could inhibit the overexpression of H19 and caspase-3 induced by HFD, HG, or H2O2 in vivo and in vitro, and promoted let-7a, b, e expression. These results indicate that MR can protect neurons from HFD-, HG-, or H2O2-induced injury and apoptosis by inhibiting H19.
Organizational Gossip and Teachers: Threat or Opportunity?

This research examines teachers' perceptions of gossip in schools. The research employed an explanatory approach of the mixed methods. Quantitative data were obtained through the "Organizational Gossip Scale," and qualitative data were obtained through the semi-structured interview form. Quantitative data were collected from 302 teachers selected by simple random sampling method in secondary schools in Mardin, Turkey. Qualitative data were collected from ten teachers chosen by the maximum variation sampling method. The results showed that gossip could be seen as an opportunity to have information in schools and develop relationships. Still, it can also be a threat in terms of organizational harm. As a conclusion, the significance of gossip in informal processes in schools was emphasized. Implications were made to practitioners and researchers that the threat aspect could be turned into an opportunity.
Personality Traits Predict Life Satisfaction in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients

Objectives: The objective of the current study is to establish the association between Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Methods: The current study analyzed data from 566 patients with CHD with a mean age of 63.00 ± 15.23 years old (61.13% males) and 3018 healthy controls (63.95% females) with a mean age of 63.85 (S.D. = 9.59) years old from the UKHLS. A train-and-test approach accompanied by one-sample t-tests was used to analyze the differences in personality traits and life satisfaction between CHD patients and healthy controls while controlling for potential confounders. Two multiple regression models were applied to analyze the associations between personality traits and life satisfaction in CHD patients and healthy controls, respectively. Results: The current study found that CHD patients have lower conscientiousness scores than healthy controls. Moreover, neuroticism was negatively related to life satisfaction, and agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion were positively related to life satisfaction in healthy controls. However, only neuroticism and agreeableness were related to life satisfaction in CHD patients. Conclusion: Health professionals and clinicians should utilize findings from the current study to make customized interventions based on CHD patients’ personality traits to gain better well-being outcomes such as life satisfaction.