Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges in design and construction of a large multi-cell passive treatment system for ferruginous lead-zinc mine waters

Artesian discharges of net alkaline, ferruginous waters from abandoned underground lead-zinc mines cause considerable surface water degradation at the Tar Creek Superfund Site, part of the historic Tri-State Mining District of Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri. Two perennial borehole discharges, identified as the lowest elevation mine water discharge points in the district, have flowed unabated for almost 30 years and considerably degraded the physical, chemical and biological integrity of a first-order tributary to Tar Creek. Based on a comprehensive water quality and quantity characterization study, a large multi-cell passive treatment system was designed to receive approximately 1000 L/minute of mine water flowing from these abandoned boreholes (pH 5.95±0.06, total alkalinity 393±18 mg/L CaCO3, total acidity 364±19 mg/L CaCO3, Fe 192±10 mg/L, Zn 11±0.7 mg/L, Cd 17±4 ug/L, Pb 60±13 ug/L and As 64±6 ug/L). The objectives of this project include: i) remediation of polluted mine waters to acceptable quality for maintenance of the receiving water body aquatic community, ii) demonstration of the first mine water treatment facility of any kind in the Tri-State Mining District, and iii) technology transfer to speed application of this technology to other locations. The passive treatment system includes an initial oxidation pond followed by parallel treatment trains (to facilitate research and experimentation) consisting of aerobic wetlands, vertical-flow bioreactors, re-aeration ponds (with active aeration via wind and solar power) and horizontal-flow limestone beds. Waters from the parallel trains are recombined in a polishing wetland prior to final discharge. Total design surface water elevation change in the entire system is approximately 1.8 m. Prior to system implementation, the abandoned boreholes required rotosonic over-drilling to establish hydraulic control. In addition, diversion of storm water flows from an approximately 470-ha upgradient watershed was necessary. During construction, a third mine water discharge was discovered and incorporated into the design. This system represents a state of the art ecological engineering research site for passive treatment of mine waters.
Self-employment, Family background, and Race

The offspring of self-employed fathers are more likely than others to become self-employed. Thus the historically low rates of self-employment among African-Americans and Latinos may contribute to their low contemporary rates. National data show that African-Americans and Latinos whose fathers were self-employed have lower rates of self-employment than other men whose fathers were not self-employed. Other aspects of family background explain only a small portion of the self-employment gap between African-Americans and native-born white ancestry groups. Male immigrants who have self-employed fathers overseas are no more likely to be self-employed than other immigrants are.
Isolation And Characterization Of Natural Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors From Antioxidant Rich Red Wine Grapes (vitis Vinifera)

Dietary antioxidants have been associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Grape pomace contains considerable amounts of polyphenols and it has been reported that grape pomace also exhibits specific inhibitory activity against alphaglucosidases. This study aims to investigate the anti-diabetes potential of Chambourcin, Merlot, Norton, Petit Verdot, Syrah and Tinta Cão red wine grape pomaces by assessing their rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibiting activity and antioxidant properties as well as their relationship. Among the selected pomaces, Tinta Cão, Syrah and Merlot extracts were the most potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase. These three varieties also appeared to have the highest respective total phenolic content. Chambourcin, Merlot and Tinta Cão exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging capacity, while Tinta Cão exceeded all other varieties in oxygen radical (AAPH) absorbing capacity. A strong positive correlation was observed between these results, suggesting that the α-glucosidase inhibiting potency of grape pomace extracts may be related to their richness in antioxidants. The phenolic compounds in the extracts were further purified and profiled using HPLC, and major differences in the concentrations of the profiled antioxidants were detected. However, none of these antioxidants individually was able to inhibit intestinal α-glucosidases in bioassay. Red grape pomace, namely Tinta Cão, appears to be a promising functional food for the future development of a food-derived αglucosidase inhibitor for preventing and treating diabetes.
Age of crystallization and cooling of the K2 gneiss in the Baltoro Karakoram

The mountains of K2 (8611 m) and Broad Peak (8047 m) in the Baltoro Karakoram (northern Pakistan) are composed of plagioclase–homblende and biotite–hornblende-K-feldspar orthogneisses and amphibolite–facies paragneisses, intruded by garnet–biotite–muscovite–tourmaline leucogranitic veins. A U-Pb zircon age of 115–120 Ma was obtained on an orthogneiss from the south face of K2. 40Ar-39Ar analysis on hornblende yields a plateau age of 90.6 ± 1.8 Ma, consistent with a mid-Cretaceous phase of magmatism, concomitant with early subduction-related components of the Karakoram batholith (Muztagh Tower unit, Hunza plutonic unit). We interpret the K2 gneiss as representing a culmination of mid-crustal rocks along a discontinuous but wide zone north of the Karakoram batholith.
Evaluation of incompatibility in measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate by two different modes of automated analyzer and demonstration of surpassing with a manipulation

Objectives: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is an elementary and low-cost point of care test commonly used to investigate inflammatory activity, not used for the diagnosis of any particular disease. The present study aims to investigate the diversity in measurements within ESR analyzer modes and demonstrate an alternative manipulation which can reduce the diversity among the modes. Methods: Measurements were performed in three groups (cycle mode, random mode, manipulation using application of shaker before running random mode) by VISION ESR analyzer on a randomly selected 120 patients' sample from the central laboratory. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS 20.0 Software. The data were also evaluated using the Bland-Altman method to compare three groups and related subgroups. Results: In all groups, we found the statistical differences between cycle mode and random mode (P=0.00). In our study, the findings showed that adding the shaker process in random mode yields more optimum results in ESR values, which was higher than 20 mm/h (P=0.295). Conclusion: According to our analysis, the findings suggest that the compatibility between cycle mode and random mode is weaker; therefore, in clinical laboratory routine, it is preferably recommended to use cycle mode. When operators use random mode, it is more likely recommended, to ensure that the K3-EDTA tubes are exactly mixed with the samples not only manually mixing but also applied shaker process.
Teaching Professionalism during and Posta Pandemic to Surgical Trainees: A Survey of the Impact of a Workshop on Trainers and Trainees

Introduction: Focussed professionalism training improves surgical trainees' communication, information gathering, and counselling skills. This study reviews the impact of a professionalism workshop for surgical trainees within a large trust in the United Kingdom developed during the pandemic to support the trainees and help them develop resilience and appropriate behaviours during the time of increased pressure. Methods: A workshop involving case-based discussions and reflections on professionalism was developed from the themes and methods of training noted to be effective on a literature search of Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases carried out in May 2020. The impact of Covid on surgical trainees and educator's professionalism training and the techniques of training preferred by trainees was evaluated by a survey of trainees and trainers after the intervention to evolve future training initiatives. During the workshop, a behavioural marker checklist was used to improve feedback on the observed behaviours. Results: 83 trainers and trainees were surveyed following a professional behaviour workshop training 63 surgeons at various stages of training. Surgical list availability had reduced by at least 5-10 a month for all the trainees within the trust during the pandemic. Most trainees surveyed (49 (60%)) felt that this had reduced the opportunities to train technical skills and develop professional non-technical skills like teamwork and communication skills, adversely impacting the trainee's clinical performance. The increased support offered by the workshop helped 50 trainees (80%) to improve non-technical skill performance objectively by referencing to behavioural markers and this was felt to have become embedded in practice when surveyed 4 weeks later in 38 trainees (60%). The majority of those surveyed (47 (75%)) felt trainers and trainees had acted professionally during the pandemic and subsequently. The workshop discussions also helped (56 (67%)) trainers and trainees to consider how best to engage professionally with new ways of working as work, and training switched to virtual or telemedicine platforms during the pandemic. Conclusions: Professionalism-based education facilitates surgical trainee development, making them stronger team members and helping to restore team working skills and embrace new working practices.
11. DUCTILE STRAINS IN CLAY-RICH SEDIMENTS FROM HOLE 808C: PRELIMINARY RESULTS USING X-RAY POLE FIGURE GONIOMETRY1

Deformation within accreting and subducting sediments may occur through ductile as well as brittle modes, producing deformation fabrics defined by the preferred orientation of sedimentary particles. The method of X-ray pole figure goniometry is used to determine the clay-mineral fabric in hemipelagic sediments collected from Hole 808C within the Nankai accretionary prism toe during ODP Leg 131. Total finite ductile strains are estimated assuming the theory of March (1932) relating grain preferred orientation to strains. The resulting strains, adjusted to reflect volume changes in the sediments, suggest that accreting sediments have experienced up to 10% lateral ductile shortening while subducting sediments show little evidence for any lateral shortening. This suggests that the decollement serves as an important boundary between subducting and accreting sediments in the vicinity of Site 808. Vertical strains obtained here are lower than expected, especially for the deepest samples, possibly due to the effects of bioturbation during primary deposition and compaction, or to the breakdown of the March model at high strains. The results also suggest that sediment response to tectonic stress may vary with position, based on reversals in depth trends for strains and strain parameters at mid-depth. Further work is needed to expand these findings. This study shows that the method of X-ray pole figure goniometry can be useful for recognizing spatial variations in deformation fabrics and ductile strains in sediments within the toes of accretionary prisms.
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BACKGROUND: Transspinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) affects the corticospinal system, one of the central human systems associated with controlling precise voluntary movements. Stimulation effects are very sensitive to montage and protocols of applied stimulation because they can involve different neuronal mechanisms. AIM: This study aimed to estimate the effects of parameters of anodal tsDCS applied at the level of the spinal cord (C7–Th1 segments) with cervical enlargement to determine the excitability of the corticospinal system and the correction of motor skills in healthy people. METHODS: The study involved 81 healthy adults aged 21.19±3.2 years. The effect of tsDCS was assessed using motor-evoked potentials from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the primary motor cortex before stimulation, immediately after stimulation, and after 15 min. RESULTS: The application of 11-min anodal tsDCS at the C7–Th1 level with a current of 1.5 mA affects the FDI muscle, initially reducing the amplitude of transcranial magnetic stimulation induced motor-evoked potentials immediately after stimulation. The amplitude of the motor-evoked potentials increases after 15 min of stimulation. tsDCS with an intensity of 2.5 mA does not affect the change in the amplitude of motor-evoked potentials. Similarly, no difference was found in the effect of 1.5 mA stimulation on the correction of motor skills in healthy adults at the nine-hole peg test and the serial reaction time task as with 2.5 mA. CONCLUSION: This study adds information about the optimally appropriate current intensities of stimulation to induce corticospinal system excitability and the ability of tsDCS to influence motor skills in healthy adults.
Mesozoic paleomagnetic results of the Tarim Craton: Tertiary relative motion between China and Siberia?

Paleomagnetic poles from two Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous stratigraphic sections on the northern boundary of the Tarim Craton in western China are concordant with poles of similar age from eastern China. When combined with previously published data, these new results suggest that the major tectonic blocks which comprise China (the Tarim, Yangtze and Sino-Korean cratons) have been arranged in approximately their present relative configuration since Cretaceous times. The averaged Cretaceous paleomagnetic pole for China is significantly different from the averaged Cretaceous pole for Siberia. The difference may reflect significant relative post-Cretaceous motion between the composite China terrane and the Siberian craton. Alternatively, the Cretaceous pole for Siberia may not be reliable.
Gypsum-Hydroboracite Association in the Sijes Formation (Miocene, Nw Argentina): Implications for the Genesis of Mg-Bearing Borates

ABSTRACT This paper deals with sedimentologic and diagenetic aspects of the evaporitic facies of the Sijes Formation (Miocene, central Andes, NW Argentina), which contains the largest known hydroboracite reserves in the world. In outcrop, the sulfate minerals are secondary gypsum and minor anhydrite, and the borate minerals are hydroboracite with subordinate inyoite and colemanite, and some ulexite. In the Monte Amarillo Member of the Sijes Formation it is possible to distinguish two coeval, shallow lacustrine subbasins, in which the gypsum accumulated in the margins and the hydroboracite in the centers, the intermediate zones being characterized by mixed gypsum-hydroboracite layers. In the depositional sequence, primary gypsum (gypsarenite) and syndepositional anhydrite, in association with limited amounts of calcium borates (colemanite, inyoite) precipitated first, followed by hydroboracite (calcium/magnesium borate). Alternations of gypsum and hydroboracite layers also formed. Hydroboracite is mainly a primary mineral, although it replaced some gypsum under synsedimentary conditions. The formation of colemanite, which occurred during early diagenesis, is linked to the precipitation of calcium sulfates (gypsum and anhydrite), whereas inyoite coexists with both calcium sulfates and magnesium-bearing borates. Transformations among the various borate minerals during burial diagenesis were not detected. Primary gypsum was transformed into anhydrite from early diagenesis to moderate burial diagenesis. The boron source of these deposits seems to be related to the volcanic/hydrothermal activity in the central Andes during the Miocene.
Motion Tracking for Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Upper Limb Movements Following Acromioclavicular Joint Ligament Reconstruction: A Pilot Study

Technological tools as robotic devices and wearable sensors can provide accurate and repeatable measurements of physical variables (e.g., position, velocities, forces) which can be used for quantitative and qualitative assessment of movement analysis and upper limb motor performance. The study aims to propose a quantitative and qualitative assessment of upper limb motor performance by means of seven kinematic parameters recorded by a passive mechatronic device in patients who underwent a surgical procedure for ligament reconstruction following acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Five patients (mean age: 40 ± 12 years) with acromioclavicular joint dislocation were enrolled. A passive end-effector mechatronic device characterized by 7 degrees of freedom and designed for the assessment of upper limb motor performance - especially for measuring the hand position in three-dimensional space - was used. The Constant-Murley score and seven kinematic parameters were used as clinical outcome measure and quantitative and qualitative assessment, respectively. The preliminary results of this study show no significant differences between the impaired arm and unimpaired arm: the end-effector passive mechatronic device used in this study is able to provide an overall assessment of the upper limb motor performance following shoulder impairment. The motion tracker can be easily used as effective tool for quantitative and qualitative assessment of upper limb motor performance, even several years after the surgical operation.
Seasonal Mixed-Layer Temperature in the Congolese Upwelling System (CUS)

The Congolese upwelling system (CUS), located along the West African coast north of the Congo River, is one of the most productive and least studied systems in the Gulf of Guinea. The Sea Surface Temperature minimum in the CUS occurs in austral winter, when the winds are weak and not particularly favorable to coastal upwelling. Here, for the ﬁrst time, we use a high-resolution regional ocean model to identify the key atmospheric and oceanic processes that control the seasonal evolution of the mixed-layer temperature in a 1 ° -wide coastal band from 6 ° S to 4 ° S. The model is in good agreement with observations on seasonal timescales, and in particular reproduces the signature of the surface upwelling during the austral winter, the shallow mixed-layer due to salinity stratiﬁcation, and the signature of coastal wave propagation. The analysis of the mixed-layer heat budget reveals a competition between warming by air-sea ﬂuxes, dominated by the solar ﬂux throughout the year, and cooling by vertical mixing at the base of the mixed-layer, as other tendency terms remain weak. The seasonal cooling is induced by vertical mixing, but is not controlled by the local wind. A subsurface analysis shows that remotely-forced coastal trapped waves raise the thermocline from April to August, which strengthens the vertical temperature gradient at the base of the mixed-layer and leads to the mixing-induced seasonal cooling in the Congolese upwelling system.
Fluids and halogens at the diagenetic–metamorphic boundary: evidence from veins in continental basins, western Norway

Seven vein types are recognized in three continental Devonian molasse basins (the Hornelen, Kvamshesten and Solund basins) in western Norway. These include calcite-, quartz- and epidote-dominated veins. The salinities of fluid inclusions from quartz-dominated veins in the Hornelen and Kvamshesten basins are close to or slightly higher than those for modern seawater, whereas the fluids from quartz- and calcite-dominated veins in the Solund basin range from seawater values to 20 wt % NaCl equivalent. Minerals such as biotite, amphibole, titanite, chlorite and epidote are abundant in the latter veins, and are important constituents of the authigenic mineral assemblages. A combination of fluid inclusion and petrological data suggest that at least some of the veins formed at depths around 12–14 km. The Cl/Br ratios and the salinity of the fluid inclusions can be explained by interactions with evaporites, implying that the sedimentary environment forming the basin fill had the strongest influence upon low-grade metamorphic fluid Cl and Br contents. Differences in the Cl/I and Na/Br ratios between the Solund basin and the Hornelen and Kvamshesten basins are best explained by local mass transfer between pore fluids and the surrounding rock matrix during burial and increasing temperatures.
Profiling of Commonly Utilized Plants for Hypertension and Diabetes in the Province of Laguna, Philippines

: The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes is on a steady upsurge worldwide and it has been identified as top ten leading causes of mortality in the Philippines. Plants have been prepared and evaluated for their potential as good antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drugs and provide clues for the development of new and better oral drugs for hypertension and diabetes. Descriptive method of research and purposive sampling technique were used to identify and determine the plants utilized by the people of the province of Laguna for the treatment of the two diseases. The findings of the study revealed that soursop is mostly utilized for the treatment of both hypertension and diabetes. Results also disclosed that screwpine, mangosteen, salamander tree and lemon grass besides soursop are mostly utilized for the treatment of hypertension. Further, it entails that bitter gourd, horseradish, and snakeroot are mostly utilized for the treatment of diabetes. Leaves are mostly utilized for medicinal consumption and are prepared by decoction in the form of tea that is drunk one to three times a day.