Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of outcome in patients with ARDS: A prospective cohort study comparing ARDS-definitions and other ARDS-associated parameters, ratios and scores at intubation and over time

Background Early recognition of high-risk-patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) might improve their outcome by less protracted allocation to intensified therapy including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Among numerous predictors and classifications, the American European Consensus Conferenece (AECC)- and Berlin-definitions as well as the oxygenation index (OI) and the Murray-/Lung Injury Score are the most common. Most studies compared the prediction of mortality by these parameters on the day of intubation and/or diagnosis of ARDS. However, only few studies investigated prediction over time, in particular for more than three days. Objective Therefore, our study aimed at characterization of the best predictor and the best day(s) to predict 28-days-mortality within four days after intubation of patients with ARDS. Methods In 100 consecutive patients with ARDS severity according to OI (mean airway pressure*FiO2/paO2), modified Murray-score without radiological points (Murray_mod), AECC- and Berlin-definition, were daily documented for four days after intubation. In the subgroup of 49 patients with transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) monitoring (PiCCO), extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) was measured daily. Primary endpoint Prediction of 28-days-mortality (Area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (ROC-AUC)); IBM SPSS 26. Results In the totality of patients the best prediction of 28-days-mortality was found on day-1 and day-2 (mean ROC-AUCs for all predictors/scores: 0.632 and 0.620). OI was the best predictor among the ARDS-scores (AUC=0.689 on day-1; 4-day-mean AUC = 0.625). AECC and Murray_mod had 4-day-means AUCs below 0.6. Among the 49 patients with TPTD, EVLWI (4-day-mean AUC=0.696) and OI (4-day-mean AUC=0.695) were the best predictors. AUCs were 0.789 for OI on day-1, and 0.786 for EVLWI on day-2. In binary regression analysis of patients with TPTD, EVLWI (B=-0.105; Wald=7.294; p=0.007) and OI (B=0.124; Wald=7.435; p=0.006) were independently associated with 28-days-mortality. Combining of EVLWI and OI provided ROC-AUCs of 0.801 (day-1) and 0.824 (day-2). Among the totality of patients, the use of TPTD-monitoring „per se“ and a lower SOFA-score were independently associated with a lower 28-days-mortality. Conclusions Prognosis of ARDS-patients can be estblished within two days after intubation. The best predictors were EVLWI and OI and their combination. TPTD-monitoring „per se“ was independently associated with reduced mortality.
Effects of Thawing and Frying Methods on the Formation of Acrylamide and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Chicken Meat

Air frying is commonly used as a substitute for deep-fat frying. However, few studies have examined the effect of air frying on the formation of potential carcinogens in foodstuffs. This study aimed to investigate the formation of acrylamide and four types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air-fried and deep-fat-fried chicken breasts, thighs, and wings thawed using different methods, i.e., by using a microwave or a refrigerator, or by water immersion. The acrylamide and PAHs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Deep-fat-fried chicken meat had higher acrylamide (n.d.–6.19 μg/kg) and total PAH (2.64–3.17 μg/kg) air-fried chicken meat (n.d.–3.49 μg/kg and 1.96–2.71 μg/kg). However, the thawing method did not significantly affect the formation of either acrylamide or PAHs. No significant differences in the acrylamide contents were observed among the chicken meat parts, however, the highest PAH contents were found in chicken wings. Thus, the results demonstrated that air frying could reduce the formation of acrylamide and PAHs in chicken meat in comparison with deep-fat frying.
Towards personalized allocation of patients to therapists.

OBJECTIVE Psychotherapy outcomes vary between therapists, but it is unclear how such information can be used for treatment planning or practice development. This proof-of-concept study aimed to develop a data-driven method to match patients to therapists. METHOD We analyzed data from N = 4,849 patients who accessed cognitive-behavioral therapy in U.K. primary care services. The main outcome was posttreatment reliable and clinically significant improvement (RCSI) on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression measure. Machine-learning analyses were applied in a training sample (N = 2,425 patients treated by 68 therapists in Year 1), including a chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) algorithm and a random forest (RF) algorithm. The predictive models were cross-validated in a statistically independent test sample (N = 2,424 patients treated by the same therapists in Year 2) and evaluated using odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for baseline depression severity. RESULTS We identified subgroups of therapists that were differentially effective for highly specific subgroups of patients, yielding 17 classes of patient-to-therapist matches. The overall base rate of RCSI in the sample was 40.4%, but this varied from 10.5% to 69.9% across classes. Cases classed by the prediction algorithms as expected responders in the test sample were ∼60% more likely to attain posttreatment RCSI compared with those classed as nonresponders (adjusted ORs = 1.59, 1.60; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Machine-learning approaches could help to improve treatment outcomes by enabling the strategic allocation of patients to therapists and therapists to supervisors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Indications for a recent Holarctic expansion of pike based on a preliminary study of mtDNA variation

An extremely limited haplotypic diversity within populations and a strikingly low divergence between European and Canadian haplotypes were found in pike Esox lucius. Certain haplotypes were associated with a particular geographical region in Europe: a widespread European and a restricted Hungarian–Norwegian type. The low haplotypic intraspecific divergence suggests a late Pleistocene expansion from an ancestral population.
Distribution of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) larvae and juveniles in the East China Sea, with special reference to the larval transport by the Kuroshio Current

Horizontal distribution patterns of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) larvae and juveniles were investigated in the East China Sea between 4 February and 30 April 2001. A total of 1549 larvae and juveniles were collected by bongo and neuston nets at 357 stations. The larvae were concentrated in the frontal area between the Kuroshio Current and shelf waters in the upstream region of the Kuroshio. The abundance of small larvae (<3 mm notochord length) was highest in the southern East China Sea (SECS) south of 28°N, suggesting that the principal spawning ground is formed in the SECS from late winter to spring. Jack mackerel also spawned in the northern and central East China Sea (NECS and CECS, respectively), as some small larvae were also collected in these areas. In the SECS, the abundance of small larvae was highest in February and gradually decreased from March to April. The habitat temperature of small larvae in the SECS and CECS (20–26°C) was higher than that in the NECS (15–21°C), suggesting higher growth rates in the SECS and CECS than in the NECS. The juveniles (10- to 30-mm standard length) became abundant in the NECS off the west coast of Kyushu Island and CECS in April and were collected in association with scyphozoans typical of the Kuroshio waters. However, juveniles were rarely collected in the SECS, where the small larvae were concentrated. Considering the current systems in the study area, a large number of the eggs and larvae spawned and hatched in the SECS would be transported northeastward by the Kuroshio and its branches into the jack mackerels’ nursery grounds, such as the shallow waters off the west coast of Kyushu and the Pacific coast of southern Japan.
The structure and function of ten Western North American grasslands: I. Abiotic and vegetational characteristics

(1) Data collected from coordinated comparative studies on the structure and function of ten central and western United States grasslands are presented and analysed. The ten study areas encompassed six major grassland types: mountain grassland, northwest bunchgrass, mixed-grass prairie, shortgrass prairie, tallgrass prairie and desert grassland. Experimental design at each location included two replications of ungrazed (i.e. long-term absence of grazing by large domestic herbivores) and grazed treatments. (2) Structural characteristics studied included quantities of cool- and warm-season plants at each site, and magnitude and seasonality of primary producer compartments. (3) The environmental variables measured at each site were precipitation, temperature and solar radiation. These variables were calculated as both annual and growing-season values, along with annual and growing-season potential and actual evapotranspiration. (4) The seasonal mean live biomass averaged 94 g m -2 for the ten grasslands, with a mean of 98 g m -2 on ungrazed grasslands and 89 g m -2 for grazed grasslands. Ungrazed grasslands averaged about 160 g m -2 of recent and old dead plant material, compared to approximately 70 g m -2 on grazed grasslands. Ungrazed grasslands had about 50 and 150% more recent and old dead material, respectively, than grazed grasslands. Generally, grazing in previous seasons decreased the standing crop of dead material across the grasslands. (5) The mean total shoot standing crop averaged 203 g m -2 for all grasslands across all treatments; ungrazed grasslands averaged 245 g m -2 , compared to 161 g m -2 for grazed grasslands. The magnitude of litter corresponded in general to the amount of total shoot standing crop. (6) Generally, the shortgrass prairie had the maximum amount of crown material, followed by the mixed-grass prairie, with the tallgrass prairie least. Crown material averaged c. 275 g m -2 for the mixed- and shortgrass prairie, compared to c. 200 g m -2 for the tallgrass prairie. Although grazing did not significantly influence the amount of crown material, crown material tended to increase under grazing in mixed-grass and shortgrass prairies. (7) Root biomass ranged from 156 g m -2 in the desert grassland to as much as 2000 g m -2 in the mixed-grass prairie, while other grasslands were intermediate between these two extremes. (8) There was an inverse relationship between root biomass and dynamics and mean annual temperature. Grazing generally resulted in an increase in the root/shoot ratios, particularly on the cooler grasslands.
Maturity and Leaf Shape as Traits Influencing Cotton Cultivar Adaptation to Dryland Conditions

Worldwide, unreliable rainfall is the primary limitation to dryland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields. Adaptation to these water stress environments has been and still is an important component of many crop improvement programs. This paper summarizes the results of cultivar experiments across three sites and six seasons comparing irrigated and dryland environments in Australia, with the objective of determining the extent of irrigation x cultivar interactions for yield and fiber quality, the effect maturity and leaf type have on those interactions, and the implications this has for a breeding program. On average, dryland cotton yielded 48% of irrigated cotton, and fiber lengths were 4% shorter. There was a significant irrigation x cultivar interaction, with two okra leaf cultivars yielding relatively more under dryland conditions. This interaction varied with site, suggesting that the number of dryland sites utilized in the breeding program could be increased, and consistency of cultivar rankings each season indicated the number of testing seasons could be decreased. It was also concluded that selection under dryland conditions would be beneficial. The data from these experiments indicated a yield penalty for early maturing cultivars under dryland conditions in these environments. There was a strong positive association between maturity and lint yield, with an increase of 34.4 kg lint ha -1 for every day delay in maturity. Agronomic water use efficiency (WUE) varied among cultivars, with a full-season okra leaf cultivar, Siokra L23, having the highest WUE (2.87 kg lint ha -1 mm -1 evapotranspiration) and the highest yield.
TAXONOMY OF ADAMSIELLA L.E. PHILLIPS ET W.A. NELSON, GEN. NOV. AND EPIGLOSSUM KÜTZING (RHODOMELACEAE, CERAMIALES) 1

In a taxonomic/phylogenetic study of the genus Lenormandia, several species were found to differ significantly from the type species, L. spectabilis Sonder, in apical morphology, blade‐surface pattern, medullary construction, the presence of pseudopericentral cells, and the position of reproductive structures. These species constitute two groups that differ morphologically, a finding largely supported by analysis of 18S rRNA sequences, as reported previously. The two putative Lenormandia species from New Zealand, along with two previously undescribed species also from New Zealand, comprised one such group, designated here by the new genus name Adamsiella L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson, gen. nov. and including A. melchiori L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson, sp. nov., A. lorata L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson, sp. nov., A. angustifolia (Harvey) L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson, comb. nov., and A. chauvinii (Harvey) L.E. Phillips et W.A. Nelson comb. nov. Adamsiella differs from Lenormandia by incurved apices, a chevron surface pattern, and reproductive structures on dorsi‐ventrally flattened apically incurved polysiphonous branchlets usually produced at the margins. Two species endemic to Australia formed the second group designated by the resurrected generic name Epiglossum and also characterized by a strongly incurved apex and chevron surface pattern but with reproductive structures produced on terete polysiphonous branchlets found either on the midrib or elsewhere on the blade surface but not the margins. Epiglossum contains E. smithiae (J.D. Hooker et Harvey) Kützing and E. proliferum (C. Agardh) L.E. Phillips, comb. nov.
Muscle fiber properties in cattle and their relationships with meat qualities: an overview.

The control of meat quality traits constitutes an important target for any farm animal production, including cattle. Therefore, a better understanding of the biochemical properties that drive muscle development and final outcomes, constitute one of the main challenging topics of animal production and meat science. Accordingly, this review focuses on skeletal muscle fibers in cattle and their relationships with beef qualities. It aimed to describe the chemical and structural properties of muscle fibers as well as a comprehensive review of their contractile and metabolic characteristics during the life of the animal. The existing methods for the classification of muscle fibers were reviewed, compared and discussed. Then, the different stages of myogenesis in cattle were defined. The main factors regulating fetal and postnatal growth and the plasticity of muscle fibers were evidenced especially the role of myostatin (MSTN) growth factor and the impact of nutritional factors. This review highlights that the knowledge about muscle fibers is paramount for a better understanding of how to control the muscle properties throughout the life of the animal for better management of the final eating qualities of beef. Accordingly, the associations between bovine muscle fibers and different meat eating qualities such as tenderness, pH decline and color traits were further presented.
Review of plant biogeographic studies in Brazil

Abstract Molecular phylogenetic studies have become a major area of interest in plant systematics, and their impacts on historical biogeographic hypotheses are not to be disregarded. In Brazil, most historical biogeographic studies have relied on animal phylogenies, whereas plant biogeographic studies have largely lacked a phylogenetic component, having a limited utility for historical biogeography. That country, however, is of great importance for most biogeographic studies of lowland tropical South America, and it includes areas from a number of biogeographic regions of the continent. Important biogeographic reports have been published as part of phylogenetic studies, taxonomic monographs, and regional accounts for small areas or phytogeographic domains, but the available information is subsequently scattered and sometimes hard to find. In this paper we review some relevant angiosperm biogeographic studies in Brazil. Initially we briefly discuss the importance of other continents as source areas for the South American flora. Then we present a subdivision of Brazil into phytogeographic domains, and we cite studies that have explored the detection of biogeographic units (areas of endemism) and how they are historically related among those domains. Examples of plant taxa that could be used to test some biogeographic hypotheses are provided throughout, as well as taxa that exemplify several patterns of endemism and disjunction in the Brazilian angiosperm flora.
Detecting the spatial component of variation in the weed community at the farm scale with variation partitioning by canonical correspondence analysis

Summary Variation partitioning by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied to analyse spatial variation in the species composition of a weed community for an area of farmland in southern Finland. The farmland, covering 450 ha, was sampled with a 60 m × 60 m grid. Data on weed species were collected along with the following groups of explanatory variables: spatial variables (the terms of second-order polynomial trend surface regression equation generated on the x and y co-ordinates of sample quadrats: x, y, x2, xy, y2, x2y and xy2), farmer variables (nine farms), soil variables (four soil types and pH value), crop variables (barley, oats, sugarbeet, potato and turnip rape) and physical variables (area of field, altitude, slope and aspect in four directions). The main variation in species composition along the first and second CCA axes was caused by interplay between farmer and crop variables. Farmer and crop variables explained more of the variation than did soil or physical variables. All the variables were to some extent spatially structured. The spatial variables contributed 54.5% of the total variation, of which pure spatial variation accounted for 12.2%. The highest covariation with spatial variables was detected with farmer (33.7%) and crop variables (25.7%). Variation partitioning by CCA is recommended for studying the relationship between the spatial variation in weed communities and explanatory variables.
To test or not to test? An opportunity to restart dentistry sustainably in the ‘COVID‐19 era’

COVID-19, which appeared to originate in China in December 2019, has spread worldwide pandemically. Recently, a letter regarding COVID-19 impact on dentistry has been published in this Journal (Prati et al. 2020). In Europe, Italy is the second most affected nation by COVID-19 infection and the first for number of deaths (WHO SR). In March 2020, the Italian Ministry of Health ordered the suspension of all non-urgent outpatient activities (including dentistry) in hospitals and clinics of the public health system, until the end of the lockdown (Press releases Italian Ministry of Health, 1).
Bi-Level ventilation decreases pulmonary shunt and modulates neuroinflammation in a cardiopulmonary resuscitation model

Background Optimal ventilation strategies during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are still heavily debated and poorly understood. So far, no convincing evidence could be presented in favour of outcome relevance and necessity of specific ventilation patterns. In recent years, alternative models to the guideline-based intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) have been proposed. In this randomized controlled trial, we evaluated a bi-level ventilation approach in a porcine model to assess possible physiological advantages for the pulmonary system as well as resulting changes in neuroinflammation compared to standard measures. Methods Sixteen male German landrace pigs were anesthetized and instrumented with arterial and venous catheters. Ventricular fibrillation was induced and the animals were left untreated and without ventilation for 4 minutes. After randomization, the animals were assigned to either the guideline-based group (IPPV, tidal volume 8–10 ml/kg, respiratory rate 10/min, FiO21.0) or the bi-level group (inspiratory pressure levels 15–17 cmH2O/5cmH2O, respiratory rate 10/min, FiO21.0). Mechanical chest compressions and interventional ventilation were initiated and after 5 minutes, blood samples, including ventilation/perfusion measurements via multiple inert gas elimination technique, were taken. After 8 minutes, advanced life support including adrenaline administration and defibrillations were started for up to 4 cycles. Animals achieving ROSC were monitored for 6 hours and lungs and brain tissue were harvested for further analyses. Results Five of the IPPV and four of the bi-level animals achieved ROSC. While there were no significant differences in gas exchange or hemodynamic values, bi-level treated animals showed less pulmonary shunt directly after ROSC and a tendency to lower inspiratory pressures during CPR. Additionally, cytokine expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha was significantly reduced in hippocampal tissue compared to IPPV animals. Conclusion Bi-level ventilation with a constant positive end expiratory pressure and pressure-controlled ventilation is not inferior in terms of oxygenation and decarboxylation when compared to guideline-based IPPV ventilation. Additionally, bi-level ventilation showed signs for a potentially ameliorated neurological outcome as well as less pulmonary shunt following experimental resuscitation. Given the restrictions of the animal model, these advantages should be further examined.
Description of Citrobacter cronae sp. nov., isolated from human rectal swabs and stool samples

Nine independent Gram-negative bacterial strains were isolated from rectal swabs or stool samples of immunocompromised patients from two different wards of a university hospital. All isolates were phylogenetically analysed based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence, housekeeping gene recN, multilocus sequence analysis of concatenated partial fusA, leuS, pyrG and rpoB sequences, and by whole genome sequencing data. The analysed strains of the new species cluster together and form a separate branch with Citrobacter werkmanii NBRC105721T as the most closely related species. An average nucleotide identity value of 95.9–96% and computation of digital DNA–DNA hybridization values separate the new species from all other type strains of the genus Citrobacter . Biochemical characteristics further delimit the isolates from closely related Citrobacter type strains. As a result of the described data, a new Citrobacter species is introduced, for which the name Citrobacter cronae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Tue2-1T with a G+C DNA content of 52.2 mol%.