Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elastic Constants of Bismuth

The six adiabatic elastic stiffness constants of bismuth have been determined at 301°K by an ultrasonic pulse echo technique. The results are: c11 = 63.5, c33 = 38.1, c44 = 11.30, c66 = 19.4, c14 = +7.23, and c13 = 24.5, all in units of 1010 d/cm2. These values were redundantly determined by the measurement of 14 different velocities in four different single crystals of zone‐purified bismuth. The velocities are believed accurate to better than 1%, the principal error arising from the uncertainty of the transducer transit time correction. The moduli are in poor agreement with the previously determined static elastic compliance constants reported by Bridgman. Some data on the velocity of sound in bismuth at 98° and at 4.2°K are also presented.
Rice Growth and Yield in Waste-Amended West African Lowland Soils

Abstract The use of organic materials as an alternative to or in combination with inorganic fertilizer is being advocated for use by small-holder rice farmers in sub-Saharan Africa as way to reduce the cost of inputs and stabilize yields of modern varieties grown in the lowlands. In this study, the effects of humified sludge (HS), poultry manure (PM), cattle manure (CM), a mixture of humified sludge and poultry, and cattle manures (MM), and inorganic fertilizer (IF) were evaluated on growth and yield of rice during the dry and wet seasons. Three lowland soils, Eutric Vertisol (EV), Eutric Fluvisol (EF), and Haplic Gleysol (HG), were amended with 90 kg N/ha from the above nutrient sources. Organic materials incorporation was done four weeks before transplanting with 21-day-old rice seedling whereas IF was split-applied as basal and at panicle initiation. Soil was flooded until 10 d before harvest. Plant height, number of tillers and panicles, days to 50% flowering, 1000-grain weight, biomass, and grain yield as well as harvest index were recorded. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were measured before amendments and at maximum tillering, flowering, and maturity stages during the wet season. Soil amendments with manure or fertilizer improved the growth and yield of rice. Flowering was delayed more than 7 d in Vertisol without organic amendment. Humified sludge, PM, and IF significantly enhanced tillering and plant height more than did other nutrient amendments, especially in Vertisol. Mean grain yield in the wet season was 17.4% better than in the dry season. For the dry and wet seasons, nutrient amendment effect on grain yield was ranked HS > PM > MM > IF > CM > Control and HS > PM > IF > CM > MM > Control, respectively. The superiority of HS and PM to the chemical fertilizer may be attributed to balanced and gradual release of plant nutrients, which were synchronized with demand at various growth stages of the rice plant.
Corrigendum to "Airborne hydrogen cyanide measurements using a chemical ionisation mass spectrometer for the plume identification of biomass burning forest fires" published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9217–9232, 2013

M. Le Breton1, A. Bacak1, J. B. A. Muller 1, S. J. O’Shea1, P. Xiao2, M. N. R. Ashfold2, M. C. Cooke2, R. Batt2, D. E. Shallcross2, D. E. Oram3, G. Forster4, S. J.-B. Bauguitte5, P. I. Palmer6, M. Parrington 6, A. C. Lewis7, J. D. Lee7, and C. J. Percival1 1The Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Simon Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK 2School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK 3National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK 4School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK 5Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM), Building 125, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK 6School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK 7National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
OP-SOCI200117 1..19

Home visitors can support parents who have low levels of emotional well-being. While support may be effective for some families, the circumstances in which it is effective are less well understood. Longitudinal administrative data from Home-Start UK were analysed to identify how the nature of support was related to changes in parental emotional well-being, and whether these effects were the same for families with different risk factors. Sub-groups were identified of people experiencing problems with various aspects of emotional well-being: mental ill health (n1⁄41,289), social isolation (n1⁄41,413) and low self-esteem (n1⁄41,400). Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the relationships between the nature of support and the rate of improvement. These effects were considered in subgroups of families with domestic violence problems, disabled parents, a disabled child, large family sizes or multiple risks. More frequent visits and support being provided by paid workers, as opposed to volunteers were related to faster improvements. Paid worker support was particularly related to faster improvements in families with domestic abuse, disabled parents and multiple risks. However, volunteer support seemed just as effective for large families and those with disabled children. These findings have implications for those providing and commissioning home visiting services.
Crystal structure of isotactic poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene)

The crystal structure of isotactic poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) was determined by x-ray analysis. The unit cell is tetragonal, P4b2, with α = 18.70 A and c (fiber axis) = 13.68 A; it contains four molecular chains each consisting of seven monomeric units in the fiber period. The molecular conformation is essentially a (7/2) helix, but deviates slightly from the uniform (7/2) helix. The unusual low density is discussed from the structural point of view.
A study of Substance Abuse and Quality of Life among Street Children in District Etawah

Background: The research series on street children are carried out in major cities by neglecting the rapidly developing small cities experiencing widespread urbanization. Unfortunately, there is lack of research-based evidences in field of mental health status and quality of life of street children. Aim & Objective: The study aimed to study the pattern of substance abuse & their correlates among street children and to assess the ‘quality of life’ among street children. Material & Methods: A sample of 145 street children of 13-18 years were enrolled by purposive sampling from January 2017 - June 2018 in Market places, Railway station, Bus depot etc. Subjects were searched at known hotspots in Etawah, and further sample was covered using snowball sampling. Information was gathered using predesigned and pre-structured questionnaire, along with WHOQOLBREF and Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Involvement Scale questionnaire. Results: Average Quality of life was tested using t test and ANOVA. Most of the street children 55% were aged between 13-15 years, 65 % had attended school for at least one year. Quality of life showed higher Physical health. Street living children had less psychological health score (30.3±7.1). Prevalence of drug abuse was 54%, while tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, inhalants, were the drugs consumed. Conclusion: Psychological health was more affected. Tobacco & alcohol were the common drugs consumed.
Phosphorus nutrition and water stress tolerance in wheat plants

Abstract The effect of phosphorus (P) nutrition and soil water availability (W) on the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants was studied in two pot experiments. Several levels of P supply were applied once before sowing. Before seedling establishment, the pots were kept near 100% of field capacity (FC). Afterwards, half of the pots were maintained between 60–70% FC. Control pots were kept at 85–95% FC by weighing and watering every two to three days. Several harvest of shoots were done before anthesis. At each harvest, dry matter and total P accumulation were measured in shoots. The main differences between both experiments were the way the drought stress was imposed, the levels of P supply, and the developmental stage of the plants at each harvest. In Experiment 1, no additional P resulted in a reduction of the shoot dry matter of 24 and 48% for well watered and drought‐stressed plants, respectively. In Experiment 2, these reductions were of 33 and 65% for well‐watered and drought‐stressed plants.
Molecular dynamics during crystallization of poly(l-lactic acid) as studied by broad-band dielectric relaxation spectroscopy

An investigation was carried out of the molecular dynamics of poly(l-lactic acid) before, during, and after crystallization. Experimental results were generated over a wide range of temperature and frequency by broad-band dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). An interesting finding is that the average relaxation time (defined as τ = 1/2πfmax, where fmax is the frequency at maximum loss for the α process) does not vary with degree of crystallinity during melt and/or cold crystallization. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the average relaxation time for wholly amorphous and crystallized samples is well-described by a single Vogel−Fulcher−Tammann (VFT) functional form. The unchanged fragility suggests that the segmental dynamics are not sensitive to the different degree of crystallinity, implying that the relaxing segments are smaller than the thickness of the amorphous layers between lamellae. Apparently, the distance between lamellae is greater than the length of the primitive segment and the cha.
Behavioral or statistical bias? Estimating daily income effects in labor supply∗

In neoclassical models of labor, transitory income shocks should not affect labor supply. This prediction has been rejected empirically in favor of theories featuring income targeting or reference-dependent preferences. We show that apparent negative daily income effects can be explained in a neoclassical model by dynamic selection, where income early in the day causes differential attrition throughout workers’ shifts. Using data from an RCT with experimental variation in income, we show that estimates of negative income effects are an artifact of dynamic selection, providing a neoclassical explanation to the findings of the income targeting literature. JEL codes: J22, D9, C1, C9 ∗We would like to thank Gautam Rao, Frank Schilbach, Heather Schofield, and Mattie Toma for allowing us to use the data from Bessone et al. (2019) in our paper. We would also like to thank Nicolas Ajzenman, Abhijit Banerjee, Bruno Ferman, Guilherme Lichand, Jeremy Majerovitz, Jacob Moscona, Charlie Rafkin, Tobias Salz, Frank Schilbach, Sammuel Young, and participants of the Development Tea, Behavioral Lab and Behavioral Lunch at MIT for helpful comments.
Chemical, Physical, and Mechanical Characterization of Isocyanate Cross-linked Amine-Modified Silica Aerogels

We describe a new mechanically strong lightweight porous composite material obtained by encapsulating the skeletal framework of amine-modified silica aerogels with polyurea. The conformal polymer coating preserves the mesoporous structure of the underlying silica framework and the thermal conductivity remains low at 0.041 ± 0.001 W m-1 K-1. The potential of the new cross-linked silica aerogels for load-carrying applications was determined through characterization of their mechanical behavior under compression, three-point bending, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). A primary glass transition temperature of 130 °C was identified through DMA. At room temperature, results indicate a hyperfoam behavior where in compression cross-linked aerogels are linearly elastic under small strains (<4%) and then exhibit yield behavior (until 40% strain), followed by densification and inelastic hardening. At room temperature the compressive Young's modulus and the Poisson's ratio were determined to be 129 ± 8 MPa and 0.
Transport of p-Nitrophenol through an Agitated Bulk Liquid Membrane

The transport of p-nitrophenol (PNP) through an agitated bulk liquid membrane (ABLM) was investigated. A kinetic model of two consecutive irreversible first order reactions was applied in order to describe pertraction. The influence of PNP concentration in the feed solution, NaOH concentration in the stripping phase, and the type of solvent on the transport parameters (k′ f , k′ s , t max, , J max) was studied. To describe transport kinetics, the apparent mass transfer coefficient (k′ [cm/s]) as a parameter independent of volume and a membrane area was proposed. The results indicated that pertraction efficiency decreases in the series: benzene > toluene > p-xylene. In the investigated range of concentrations, the influence of the feed phase concentration (PNP) on pertraction efficiency is much higher than the stripping phase concentration (NaOH). It was also found that pertraction is controlled by PNP diffusion and sorption (extraction) at the feed/liquid membrane interface. The average value for the overall mass transfer coefficient is equal to 3.564(±0.047) × 10−4 cm/s which is characteristic for the studied system.
Review for “CO2 fertilization effect can cause rainfall decrease as strong as large-scale deforestation in the Amazon”

Climate in the Amazon region is particularly sensitive to surface processes and properties such as heat fluxes and 15 vegetation coverage. Rainfall is a key expression of land surface-atmosphere interactions in the region due to its strong dependence on forest transpiration. While a large number of past studies have shown the impacts of large-scale deforestation on annual rainfall, studies on the isolated effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) on canopy transpiration and rainfall are scarcer. Here for the first time we make a systematic comparison of the plant physiological effects of eCO2 and deforestation on Amazon rainfall. We use the CPTEC-Brazilian Atmospheric Model (BAM) with dynamic vegetation 20 under a 1.5xCO2 and a 100% substitution of the forest by pasture grassland, with all other conditions held similar between the two scenarios. We find that both scenarios result in equivalent average annual rainfall reductions (Physiology: -252 mm, -12%; Deforestation: -292 mm, -13%) that are well above observed Amazon rainfall interannual variability of 5.1%. Rainfall decrease in the two scenarios are caused by a reduction of approximately 20% of canopy transpiration, but for different reasons: eCO2-driven reduction of stomatal conductance in Physiology; decreased leaf area index of pasture (-66%) and its 25 dry-season lower surface vegetation coverage in Deforestation. Walker circulation is strengthened in the two scenarios (with enhanced convection over the Andes and a weak subsidence branch over east Amazon) but, again, through different mechanisms: enhanced west winds from the Pacific and reduced easterlies entering the basin in Physiology, and strongly increased easterlies in Deforestation. Although our results for the Deforestation scenario are in agreement with previous observational and modelling studies, the lack of direct field-based ecosystem-level experimental evidence on the effect of 30 eCO2 in moisture fluxes of tropical forests confers a considerable level of uncertainty to any projections on the physiological https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-386 Preprint. Discussion started: 14 November 2020 c © Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License.
Hematological and biochemical aspects of cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia

Considering the importance and severity of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections, information on laboratory abnormalities can determine the prognosis of infected cats. This study aimed to determine the laboratory alterations of domiciled asymptomatics cats naturally infected by FIV and/or FeLV in Northeastern Brazil. Blood samples from 200 cats were evaluated by nested-PCR and commercial immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of these infections. Complete blood count (CBC) and serum biochemistry analyses were performed to evaluate laboratory abnormalities. CBC and biochemical values of cats tested positive for FIV and/or FeLV were tabulated for the presence or absence of changes and analyzed using the chi-square test with Yates correction or Fisher’s exact test for each variable, with a confidence interval of 95%. The total frequency was 6% (12/200) and 3% (6/200) for FIV and FeLV, respectively. The presence of hyperbilirubinemia (total, direct, and indirect) was the only change observed in cats positive for FIV compared to FIV-negative controls (p<0.05). We believe that laboratory changes compatible with immunosuppressive conditions should be more frequent in FIV/FeLV positive cats that already present clinical signs of the disease.
Discriminação de áreas de soja por meio de imagens EVI/MODIS e análise baseada em geo-objeto

This study aimed to estimate and map areas planted with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] through multitemporal images EVI/MODIS and classification of images based on geo-object. The study area comprised the southern part of the State of Maranhao. For the mapping of the soybean crop the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and the Crop Enhancement Index (CEI) for image classification sensor-system Terra/MODIS was used. For this calculation twelve images were used, including offseason and harvest of the crop, as per the state agricultural calendar. In addition, the segmentation was employed using scaling parameters 250, the algorithms "classification" and "merge region", and extracting attributes for classification GEOgraphic-Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA). To assess the accuracy of the classification, parameters Kappa and Accuracy Global and its resulting Z test were applied. A null hypothesis (H0) of equal and opposite rates for their differences (H1) at 0.05 level of significance was established. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is efficient for mapping the soybean crop, with 0.89 for the parameter Kappa.
Benzylidene acetals of the D-ribonolactones: A structural reassessment

The product of the reaction of D-ribono-1,4-lactone with benzaldehyde and concentrated HCl has been shown, by X-ray crystallography of its acetate, to be 3,4-O-(R)-benzylidene-D-ribono-1,5-lactone and not the 3,5-acetal as previously suggested; with ZnCl2 as catalyst the products are 2,3-O-(R)- and -(S)-benzylidene-D-ribono-1,4-lactone the former preponderating.
BIO013144 1..6

Tarantulas are large spiders with adhesive setae on their legs, which enable them to climb on smooth vertical surfaces. The mechanism proposed to explain adhesion in tarantulas is anisotropic friction, where friction is higher when the leg pushes than when it pulls. However, previous studies and measurements of adhesion in theraphosids were performed using dead specimens. To test their ability to climb, we studied static friction of live theraphosid spiders on different surfaces and at different inclines. We compared burrower with arboreal species to test the hypothesis of higher friction in arboreal tarantulas. We found a complementary participation of claw tufts and scopula of anterior and posterior legs when the tarantula climbs. The mechanics of climbing in association with the biological characteristics of the species are discussed.
Promotional effect of Fe on performance of Ni/SiO2 for deoxygenation of methyl laurate as a model compound to hydrocarbons

Ni/SiO2, Fe/SiO2 and bimetallic FeNi/SiO2 catalysts with different Fe/Ni weight ratios were prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation method for the deoxygenation of methyl laurate to hydrocarbons. It was found that a suitable amount of Fe enhanced the activity of Ni/SiO2 for the deoxygenation of methyl laurate, and FeNi(0.25)/SiO2 with a Fe/Ni weight ratio of 0.25 showed the best activity. Moreover, the addition of Fe to Ni/SiO2 significantly promoted the hydrodeoxygenation pathway to produce more C12 hydrocarbon and suppressed the activity for C–C hydrogenolysis. The effect of Fe on the performance of Ni/SiO2 is ascribed the formation of the NiFe alloy particles, particularly with the Fe-enriched surface at low Fe content, and the existence of oxygen vacancies in Fe oxides. A mechanism is proposed to explain the promoting effect of Fe, which involves the synergism between iron sites with strong oxophilicity and nickel sites with high ability to activate hydrogen. Besides, the effect of reaction conditions and catalyst stability were also investigated.
A National Surveillance Study of Childhood Epilepsy Mortality in the United Kingdom and Ireland

Background: Patients with epilepsy are significantly more likely to die prematurely than the general population, with causes ranging from associated co-morbidities to Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). We aimed to estimate UK and Ireland incidence of childhood epilepsy deaths, and to describe case demographics and clinical characteristics. Methods: This was a prospective, population-based surveillance study using established active surveillance methodology designed by the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (BPSU). Results: Eighty-eight confirmed cases were reported with overall annual incidence of 0.65 per 100,000 children aged less than 16 years (95% CI: 0.52-0.81). More cases were male (65%) and cases fell across all age groups, with more deaths reported in older children. Twenty-five per cent of deaths were epilepsy related (including SUDEP) ; 75% of deaths were non-epilepsy related. SUDEP was the most common cause of seizure related deaths, accounting for 13 out of 17 children (76%). An underlying epilepsy syndrome was present in 36% of deaths, and 88% had global developmental delay. In addition, 90% of the children had co-morbid conditions in addition to epilepsy. Conclusions: In this study, we have demonstrated that death in children diagnosed with epilepsy occurs mainly in ‘complicated epilepsy’ secondary to factors associated with neurodisability, consolidating previous data. SUDEP is also a significant cause of paediatric epilepsy mortality that needs further attention. There is clear need to better understand and reduce the number of epilepsy deaths in children in the UK, and national surveillance of SUDEP is warranted to better understand this entity in paediatric populations.
Effects of fluidized bed combustion residue on the health and performance of sheep grazing hill pastures

The effect of application of fluidized bed combustion residue (FBCR), a product resulting from the removal of S from high-S coals, was compared with application of dolomitic limestone, or no treatment, on the performance of ewes (Ovis aries) grazing hill pastures over a 3-yr period. Pastures were treated with FBCR and limestone twice per annum and ewes with their lambs grazed at two stocking rates from late April to October (.)
Evaluation of the Loading Characteristics of the EPA WINS PM2.5 Separator

The loading characteristics of the USEPA Well Impactor Ninety Six (WINS) PM2.5 separator was an important design consideration during the separator's development. In recognition that all inertial separators eventually overload, the loading surface of the WINS was designed to be easily accessible, replaceable, and cleanable. Prior to promulgation of the method, the loading capacity of the WINS separator was evaluated by measuring its performance after repeated loading with laboratory-generated, high concentration, coarse-mode aerosol. For this purpose, a low flow rate loading wind tunnel was designed and constructed to artificially create coarse mode aerosols composed of Arizona Test Dust. This controlled test atmosphere was sampled by the PM2.5 reference method sampling train, as specified in 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix L, at total aerosol mass concentrations averaging 332