Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sexual Diversity: Peer and Family Rejection or Acceptance in Lesotho?

The emergence of “new” sexualities inflicted lots of confusions among Basotho. It is not surprising, therefore, that diverse attitudes towards these minority populations were also likely to emerge. Families and peers (or friends) also demonstrated diverse attitudes towards the minority population. This qualitative, evidence-based paper tapped into social constructivism to explore peer and family attitudes (rejection or acceptance) towards sexually diverse populations. Data for the study were collected from community dialogues of approximately 50 members. The study revealed peers and parental support as key to living positively as LGBTQI.
Kinetic Analysis of Rapeseed Oil Crystallization during Isothermal Storage

Crystallization behavior of rapeseed oil during isothermal storage was investigated by dilatometry, transmitted light intensity measurement, and differential scanning calorimetry. The volume and transmitted light intensity of the oil samples changed significantly after a certain period (induction period) during isothermal storage. In order to explain these changes, a kinetic model for the crystallization of rapeseed oil was proposed by assuming that stable crystals are formed through melt-mediated transition and metastable crystals grow via an “autocatalytic” mechanism. The crystallization process of rapeseed oil is well represented by the model, and it reasonably explains the peculiar relationship between the storage temperature and the induction period for crystallization.
Preparation method for lithium ion secondary battery positive pole active substance lithium iron phosphate

The invention relates to a preparation method of lithium iron phosphate, an active substance applied in the anode of lithium-ion secondary batteries. The method comprises the step that a mixture that contains lithium compound, iron compound, phosphorus compound, carbon source additive, water and dispersant is dried and sintered; wherein, the lithium compound, the phosphorus compound and the carbon source additive are compounds that are water soluble, while the iron compound is undissolved or insoluble in water; the dispersant is water soluble and has higher boiling point than water. The lithium iron phosphate acquired by the method has even distribution of crystal particle size, high specific capacity of initial discharge and good cycling performance.
Thermal management of an interventional medical device with double layer encapsulation

ABSTRACT This paper presents a thermal study of a double-layer encapsulation for an interventional medical device, which operates temporarily inside the human esophagus for cardiac imaging. The surface temperature of test samples, representing the device, was assessed by experiments and numerical simulations. The test samples consisted of a heat source, a heat sink and a double-layer encapsulation consisting of a 3D printed biocompatible polymer (thickness 0.9 mm), with an electroplated Cu inner layer (0, 10, 80 or 150 µm thick). The surface temperature of test samples was measured in a tissue-mimicking thermal phantom at 37°C, with different heat source power levels. Experimental results showed that the maximum steady-state surface temperature could be reduced significantly by a 10 µm thick Cu layer (compared to no Cu layer). Increasing the Cu layer thickness further had a rather small effect, at least for low power levels. The maximum steady-state surface temperature was an exponential function of the Cu layer thickness. Test samples with a Cu electroplated polymer encapsulation and a heat source power of 0.5 W satisfied the maximum temperature limit for thermal safety (43°C) when the Cu layer was thicker than about 80 µm. Simulated surface temperatures were in good agreement with experimental values, for a model using two different thermal contact conductance coefficients (for different materials) for the sample-phantom boundary condition. The simulation model was also used to suggest alternative materials for the outer layer of an encapsulation with a metal inner layer, for reducing the surface temperature.
Variation in Leaf Morphology of Sago Trees (Metroxylon sagu) in South Borneo Province, Indonesia.

Natural populations of sago (Metroxylon sagu) in Indonesia show morphological variations in its organs, particularly the leaves. The existing variations resulted in sago type names provided by the locals. The sago plant types include Mahang, Buntal, Salak, Madang and Gandut. Sago leaves are economically important in Indonesia, mainly because they provide a potentially profitable and environment-friendly source of house roofing materials. Determining leaf variation among sago plants would provide information for a better way of choosing which among the current accessions/varieties of sago has the best leaf quality and production. Leaf variations in sago were recorded in shape, size, and color. The aim of this study are a) to compare differences in leaf morphology among sago types obtained from different geographic areas, and b) to determine whether these different sago types correspond to certain sago plant grouping. The qualitative and quantitative analysis showed variations in leaf characteristics of sago trees. Additionally, this study shows that based on leaf variations, the sago of South Borneo Province can be separated into two groups. The first group is Mahang and Gandut, which have long rachis, leaflets and leaves, and largest leaf area. The second group composed of Buntal, Salak and Madang accessions, which have short rachis and leaves, and smallest leaf area. Other results showed that there were characters that contributed significantly to the diversity of sago plants in the study area including spines, white stripe or banding on the rachis and petiole length. In line with our results, Mahang and Gandut accessions are the best accessions to be cultivated in the area, because they have wider leaves which support higher rates of photosynthesis. Further study should be conducted on phylogenetic using DNA sequencing to confirm divisions of the two sago groups.
The role of procedural rationality in debiasing acquisition decisions of overconfident CEOs

Research Summary: In corporate acquisitions, overconfident chief executive officers (CEOs) often make biased decisions, subsequently paying unjustifiably high acquisition premiums. We investigate the predeal process in which the acquisition premium is decided upon and, drawing from procedural rationality theory, argue that the pursuit of greater procedural rationality through slow-paced predeal processes reduces the tendency of overconfident CEOs to inflate acquisition premiums. The empirical results based on a sample of acquisitions involving publicly held US firms show that overconfident CEOs tend to pay high acquisition premiums, replicating earlier findings of such a relationship. More importantly, the results show that the tendency of overconfident CEOs to overpay for acquisitions decreases under conditions in which the predeal processes are slower in pace. Managerial Summary: CEOs often exhibit exces-sively high levels of confidence in their ability to make successful corporate acquisitions. Driven by the belief in their ability, overconfident CEOs often end up overpaying for acquisitions. Our study provides suggestive evidence that setting a slow acquisition process pace is an important prerequisite for an acquiring firm and its board of directors to attenuate the inflating effect of CEO arguments and results imply that boards of directors should slow the pace of predeal acquisition processes if their CEO is exhibiting signs of overconfidence.
The Impact of Reward–Penalty Policy on Different Recycling Modes of Recyclable Resources in Residential Waste

Facing enormous pressure from the rapid growth of waste on the environment and society, many developed countries have combined urban waste recycling systems with waste classification to reduce pollution and recycle resources. However, this technique is not well established in developing countries. From the 2000s, China has carried out many waste classification recycling projects in many pilot cities although they have yet to reach widespread success. This paper focuses on China’s Newest Waste Classification Recycling Project (NWCRP), which was first implemented in Shanghai from 2019 and has a three-echelon supply chain containing waste classification guiders (WCGs), recyclers and demanders. Firstly, two recycling modes in NWCRP are studied: the recyclers of the first mode are dominated by the recycling company (mode RC), and the recyclers of the second mode are dominated by the environmental sanitation engineering group (mode ESEG). Secondly, a reward–penalty policy is proposed, which can be implemented for WCGs or different recyclers in the two modes (RC or ESEG), and the impacts of different scenarios are also compared. The results showed that (1) with increasing reward–penalty intensity, the sorting rate and the profit show upward trends in two modes, while the subsidy efficiency of government decreases; (2) when the reward–penalty policy is implemented for WCGs, the recyclers’ recycling price decreases in the two modes; (3) all scenarios that implement the reward–penalty policy in mode RC have certain advantages in the sorting rate and profit and (4) with increasing reward–penalty intensity and target sorting rate in the reward–penalty policy, the social welfare first increases and then decreases in all scenarios. Finally, some suggestions on the recycling mode and the reward–penalty policy for establishing a 3RW recycling system are provided.
The rationale for embedding ethics and public value in public administration programmes

When crises occur, revisiting given knowledge and practices seems sensible and necessary. For instance, the recent financial crisis in 2008 lead to questioning the role played by financial institutions and business schools in precipitating the crisis by allowing questionable professional ethics to go unchallenged. There is a current crisis in public administration in the UK, visible in the growing challenges to public sector professionals in their practice and in the increased questioning of the government as a guarantor of public services and welfare. To understand the current situation, exploring the role of public administration teaching and professional organisations in the UK is key. Have we perhaps neglected the teaching of ethics and public value as crucial tenets to the profession and to its practice? This paper explores the necessity, merits, and difficulties of embedding ethics and public value concepts into the curriculum.
Effects of Government-Driven Smartphone Text Messages on Public Compliance With COVID-19 Preventative Measures

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. The new pandemic situation caused by a highly infectious virus has prompted the government of many countries to strengthen epidemic prevention measures. An unprecedented action was taken by the Korean government by sending text messages on COVID-19 preventative measures and the movement routes of confirmed-positive persons to the entire nation's smartphones. This study aimed to examine how effective the government-driven smartphone text messages were for public compliance with the measures. A total of 489 participants completed an online questionnaire or a pencil-and-paper questionnaire between September and October 2020. A self-reported questionnaire was used to measure the degree of compliance with the measures, the perceptions of the role of smartphone text messages in compliance with the measures, and the overall feelings toward smartphone text messages. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-way analysis of variance. The written responses were grouped by meaning. The participants presented a high degree of compliance with the measures and perceived the importance of the role of continuous smartphone text messages in complying with the measures. Positive feelings toward smartphone text messages predominated over negative feelings. Using smartphone text messages in nursing practice is recommended for patients requiring the continuous management of their disease.
Management of faba bean chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) through varieties and fungicide application frequencies in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia

Chocolate spot caused by Botrytis fabae is one of the major biotic constraints of faba bean production in the highlands of Ethiopia. Therefore, the current work was designed to evaluate the effect of varieties and fungicide spray frequencies on disease development and crop performance. Field experiments involving four faba bean varieties and four fungicide (Mancozeb 80% WP) spray frequencies (including control/unsprayed) were carried out at two locations. Disease severity was highest on the local variety and lowest on variety Walki regardless of the location. Besides, chocolate spot was the most severe on unsprayed plots both at Atsela and Ayba. On the other hand, three times mancozeb 80% WP at 2.5 kg ha 1 application resulted in the lowest AUDPC i.e., 1023%-days at Atsela and 1107%-days at Ayba. The disease resulted in grain yield loss of up to 34.9, 26.9 and 15.28% on unsprayed, once sprayed and twice sprayed plots, respectively. The highest cost benefit ratio (1:10.8) was obtained from three times fungicide application followed by two times (1:8.93) and once (1:7.08) application frequencies. The present findings ascertain the importance of chocolate spot in the region. Walki variety and three times Mancozeb 80% WP application appeared to be the best option for the management of chocolate spot in the region. However, current results need to be verified in multi-location and multi-season trials to come up with conclusive recommendation. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 1 October 2020 Revised 19 April 2021 Accepted 26 April 2021
Factors That Influence Financial Management: A Case Study in Indonesia

This study aims to examine the Analysis of Factors Affecting Village Financial Management in Bali Province. Research with a quantitative approach. The research sample consisted of 87 village heads who manage village finances and are responsible for village government financial reports. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression and the data collection technique uses a questionnaire. The results showed that the duality of village government (customary village and village apparatus), the capacity of village government officials and the competence of village assistants had a significant effect on the success of village fund management. Meanwhile, accountability does not affect the success of village fund management due to the lack of responsibility of village government officials for village financial management, which causes a negative impact on the sustainability of village governance. Empirically, the better the level of accountability, the better the success of village financial management. Other research results place the synergy of government, the capacity of government officials and the competence of village assistants as social capital, which have a positive effect on the success of village financial management, so that it becomes the focus of the village government in implementing public services and controlling government performance, both financial and non-financial.
Families in Poverty and Noncitizenship: An Intersectional Perspective on Economic Exclusion

Recent scholarship on families living in poverty has focused on immigrant and migrant families, legal and illegal. The element of citizenship has received relatively broad attention, as legal status has profound influence on the individual’s life chances. However, studies exploring relations between noncitizenship and poverty have not provided a comprehensive explanation of the mechanisms that deprive noncitizens of the possibility of accumulating sufficient material resources. The study offers a nuanced, comprehensive account of the process of economic deprivation, focusing on four main survival strategies with respect to noncitizen Palestinian families residing in Israel. Drawing on 24 qualitative in-depth interviews with adult family members, we apply the intersectionality approach to decipher mechanisms of exclusion at work in the everyday lives of illegal migrants, shaping their ability to attain material resources. Findings point to a need to adopt a transnational protection framework in order to allow economic and social inclusion of noncitizens.
Sexualities and class in transnational family practices of LGB migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands

Abstract The present paper focuses on transnational families of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) migrants and addresses their peculiar absence in sociological and geographical perspectives across migrations, families and sexualities research. It draws from a study of middle-class LGB migrants who are married or raising children with a same-sex partner in Belgium and the Netherlands and their parents still residing in select Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries with constitutional protection of heterosexual marriage. The goal of the study is to examine how intersections of class and sexualities shape CEE LGB migrants’ trajectories and transnational family practices. The analysis is based on one life story, situated in a comparative framework. The present study approaches the middle-class experiences and non-normative sexualities of CEE migrants as continuously reappearing and disappearing privileges and disadvantages. From this viewpoint, the study highlights class advantages as consistently alleviating the disadvantages of non-normative sexualities, but also simultaneously bringing both further restrictions and additional benefits to the married CEE LGB migrants, particularly those with children. These restrictions are best reflected in the limits to further mobilities that stem from the risk of losing extensive legal protection of same-sex partnership and parenting. The benefits further extending class advantages are identifiable in the intensification of transnational family practices following planned same-sex parenthood. These not only transform and strengthen the intimacies of CEE LGB migrants with their families-of-origin, but they also contribute to shifting assumptions of ‘normal’ familyhood, particularly in relation to technology-assisted reproduction, social parenthood and the nurturer roles.
Effects of Data-Driven Learning on College Students of Different Grammar Proficiencies: A Preliminary Empirical Assessment in EFL Classes

This article reports a pre–post comparative study investigating whether the data-driven learning (DDL) approach has different pedagogical effects on grammar students of English as a foreign language (EFL) with different levels of English proficiency. The study entailed a treatment group (TG) of 95 first-year undergraduates who learned grammar using DDL and a control group (CG) of 84 students who received no grammar treatment. Most of the participants were 18 or 19 years old, with only a few outliers, aged 17 or 20. The grammar performance and learning attitudes in both groups (their motivation and self-efficacy) were quantitatively examined through grammar achievement tests and a questionnaire. The data obtained from the groups were then compared at three proficiency levels: high, intermediate, and low. The results of an analysis of covariance show that in grammar performance, the proficiency levels in all the TG students rose significantly and in the posttest they outperformed their counterparts in the CG. However, neither the members of the TG nor those of the CG made any statistically significant improvement in their learning attitudes; no significant differences were found between the groups at any proficiency level. The mixed findings make an important contribution to the field, confirming that DDL is pedagogically suitable for enhancing the linguistic knowledge of university-level grammar learners, regardless of their proficiency, but warning that practitioners who treat the development of learner attitudes (e.g., motivation and self-efficacy) as important should be cautious with this approach.
“There are Always Ways to Cheat” Academic Dishonesty Strategies During Online Learning

Since the implementation of online learning in various countries in the world, all educational institutions have made new learning adjustments. Universities are educational institutions that have also changed the online learning system. but online learning has an impact on academic ethical behavior. Purpose. the aims of this study is to determine the behavior of academic dishonesty when online learning is applied, besides that it also examines the strategies of nursing students majoring in academic dishonesty. Materials and methods. 150 college students participated in filling out an online academic dishonesty questionnaire and we randomly selected 5 nursing students to participate in a focus group discussion to discuss their dishonest behavior during online learning. Results. Our research shows that academic dishonesty behavior in the form of collaboration is common in online learning. In the process, student learning has strategies for committing academic fraud in various ways, including by downloading a friend’s answer file in the online system by logging in using a standard username and password that is not changed by students. In addition, the student chose to behave dishonestly by imitating his friend’s work by simply changing the name rather than trying to answer the question. and take advantage of the whatsapp group application to collaborate in cheating. Conclusions. Collaboration in academic dishonesty predominates: one way is by collaborating in online groups to cooperate with each other illegally. We describe several other forms in detail and discuss them.
Social Determinants of Cigarette Smoking among American Women during Pregnancy

Educational attainment is among the most substantial protective factors against cigarette smoking, including during pregnancy. Although Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) of educational attainment, defined as weaker protective effect of education for racial and ethnic minority groups compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, has been demonstrated in previous studies; such MDRs are not tested for cigarette smoking during pregnancy. To better understand the relevance of MDRs to tobacco use during pregnancy, this study had three aims: firstly, to investigate the association between educational attainment and cigarette smoking in pregnant women; secondly, to compare racial and ethnic groups for the association between educational attainment and cigarette smoking; and thirdly, to explore the mediating effect of poverty status on such MDRs, among American adults during pregnancy. This cross-sectional study explored a nationally representative sample of pregnant American women (n = 338), which was taken from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH; 2013). Current smoking was the outcome. Educational attainment was the independent variable. Region and age were the covariates. Poverty status was the mediator. Race and ethnicity were the effect modifiers. Overall, a higher level of educational attainment (OR = 0.54, p < 0.05) was associated with lower odds of current smoking among pregnant women. Race (OR = 2.04, p < 0.05) and ethnicity (OR = 2.12, p < 0.05) both showed significant interactions with educational attainment on smoking, suggesting that the protective effect of educational attainment against smoking during pregnancy is smaller for Blacks and Hispanics than Non-Hispanic Whites. Poverty status fully mediated the above interactions. In the United States, highly educated pregnant Black and Hispanic women remain at higher risk of smoking cigarettes, possibly because they are more likely to live in poverty, compared to their White counterparts. The results suggest the role that labor market discrimination has in explaining lower returns of educational attainment in terms of less cigarette smoking by racial and ethnic minority pregnant women.