Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contrastive Multi-View Kernel Learning

Kernel method is a proven technique in multi-view learning. It implicitly defines a Hilbert space where samples can be linearly separated. Most kernel-based multi-view learning algorithms compute a kernel function aggregating and compressing the views into a single kernel. However, existing approaches compute the kernels <italic>independently</italic> for each view. This ignores complementary information across views and thus may result in a bad kernel choice. In contrast, we propose the <italic>Contrastive Multi-view Kernel</italic> — a novel kernel function based on the emerging contrastive learning framework. The Contrastive Multi-view Kernel implicitly embeds the views into a joint semantic space where all of them resemble each other while promoting to learn diverse views. We validate the method's effectiveness in a large empirical study. It is worth noting that the proposed kernel functions share the types and parameters with traditional ones, making them fully compatible with existing kernel theory and application. On this basis, we also propose a contrastive multi-view clustering framework and instantiate it with multiple kernel <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq1-3253211.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-means, achieving a promising performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to explore kernel generation in multi-view setting and the first approach to use contrastive learning for a multi-view kernel learning.
Nonlinear Fractional Polynomials for Estimating Long-Term Persistence of Induced Anti-HPV Antibodies: A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach

When the true relationship between a covariate and an outcome is nonlinear, one should use a nonlinear mean structure that can take this pattern into account. In this article, the fractional polynomial modeling framework, which assumes a prespecified set of powers, is extended to a nonlinear fractional polynomial framework (NLFP). Inferences are drawn in a Bayesian fashion. The proposed modeling paradigm is applied to predict the long-term persistence of vaccine-induced anti-HPV antibodies. In addition, the subject-specific posterior probability to be above a threshold value at a given time is calculated. The model is compared with a power-law model using the deviance information criterion (DIC). The newly proposed model is found to fit better than the power-law model. A sensitivity analysis was conducted, from which a relative independence of the results from the prior distribution of the power was observed. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Solid-State Transformations of Mayenite and Core-Shell Structures of C12A7@C Type at High Pressure, High Temperature Conditions

Calcium aluminate of a mayenite structure, 12CaO∙7Al2O3 (C12A7), is widely applicable in many fields of modern science and technology. Therefore, its behavior under various experimental conditions is of special interest. The present research aimed to estimate the possible impact of the carbon shell in core-shell materials of C12A7@C type on the proceeding of solid-state reactions of mayenite with graphite and magnesium oxide under High Pressure, High Temperature (HPHT) conditions. The phase composition of the solid-state products formed at a pressure of 4 GPa and temperature of 1450 °C was studied. As is found, the interaction of mayenite with graphite under such conditions is accompanied by the formation of an aluminum-rich phase of the CaO∙6Al2O3 composition, while in the case of core-shell structure (C12A7@C), the same interaction does not lead to the formation of such a single phase. For this system, a number of hardly identified calcium aluminate phases along with the carbide-like phrases have appeared. The main product of the interaction of mayenite and C12A7@C with MgO under HPHT conditions is the spinel phase Al2MgO4. This indicates that, in the case of the C12A7@C structure, the carbon shell is not able to prevent the interaction of the oxide mayenite core with magnesium oxide located outside the carbon shell. Nevertheless, the other solid-state products accompanying the spinel formation are significantly different for the cases of pure C12A7 and C12A7@C core-shell structure. The obtained results clearly illustrate that the HPHT conditions used in these experiments lead to the complete destruction of the mayenite structure and the formation of new phases, which compositions differ noticeably depending on the precursor used—pure mayenite or C12A7@C core-shell structure.
A Numerical Study on the Evolution of CMEs and Shocks in the Interplanetary Medium

We studied the evolution in the solar wind of four CMEs detected by SOHO‐LASCO which were associated with ICMEs and interplanetary (IP) shocks detected afterward by Wind at 1 AU. The study is based on a 1‐D hydrodynamic single fluid model using the ZEUS code. These simple numerical simulations of CME like pulses illuminate several aspects of the heliocentric evolution of the ICME front and its associated IP shock and we were able to reproduce some characteristics of the IP shocks and ICMEs inferred from the two‐point measurements from spacecraft. The simulation shows that ICMEs and IP shocks follow different evolutions in the interplanetary medium both having phases of about constant speed propagation followed by an exponential deceleration with heliocentric distance. IP shocks always propagate faster than their associated ICME drivers and the former began to decelerate well before the IP shock. The results indicate that, in general, although an IP shock is driven by its ICME in the inner heliosphere in m.
Nonlinear stability around an elliptic equilibrium point in a Hamiltonian system

Using a scheme given by Lochak, we derive a result of stability over exponentially long times with respect to the inverse of the distance to an elliptic equilibrium point which has a definite torsion. At the price of this assumption, our study is valid without arithmetical properties of the linearized system while the previous theorems of this kind rely on a Diophantine condition on the linear spectrum. Actually, under the latter condition and a definite torsion, a result of stability over superexponentially long times can be proved. Finally, the same kind of theorems are also valid for an elliptic lower-dimensional invariant torus.
How Do You Sleep? The Impact of Sleep Apps on Generation Z's Well-Being

Mobile health (mHealth) apps have fundamentally changed the usage of smartphones in people's daily lives. In this context, sleep apps, the most popular mHealth apps, can track and enhance user well-being. Understanding the antecedents of the usage of sleep apps is of timely research interest. This study focuses on whether and how sleep apps influence Generation Z users’ well-being (as this generation represents a promising market segment for smart devices). More precisely, the authors enhance the technology acceptance model with the uses and gratifications theory, and they test the perceptions of a sleep app before and after use. Structural equation modeling shows that the sleep app positively influences perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, intention to use, real usage, and perceived well-being. Consumers rate higher levels of well-being and usefulness regarding the sleep app before use than after use. Perceived usefulness can enhance usage and, in turn, well-being. Privacy concerns and personality traits moderate the direct effects on well-being. Health app managers should understand the importance of the utilitarian benefits of disruptive technologies, which can be enhanced through empowerment (i.e., self-tracking, self-knowledge, and self-management) and well-being benefits. However, privacy concerns remain the primary reason for consumers’ reluctance toward mHealth apps.
Innate immune biology in age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a neurodegenerative disease and a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. While not classically described as an inflammatory disease, a growing body of evidence has implicated several components of the innate immune system in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. In particular, complement activation, microglial involvement, and blood-retinal-barrier disruption have been shown to play key roles in disease progression, and subsequent vision loss. This review discusses the role of the innate immune system in age-related macular degeneration as well as recent developments in single-cell transcriptomics that help advance the understanding and treatment of age-related macular degeneration. We also explore the several potential therapeutic targets for age-related macular degeneration in the context of innate immune activation.
MetaPhys: Contactless Physiological Sensing of Multiple Subjects Using RIS-Based 4-D Radar

Contactless physiological signal sensing is an emerging technology for routine health monitoring, ambient-assisted living, automotive, search and rescue, and public security. In this work, we propose MetaPhys, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-based contactless physiological signal monitoring system that can simultaneously sense multiple persons and their respiratory and cardiac signals. The proposed system localizes the human targets by utilizing RIS to dynamically manipulate the electromagnetic waves in the environment for beamforming and 3-D radar imaging in the spatial dimension. Then, it extracts the respiration and cardiac signals from the sequential echoes in the temporal dimension. The high-resolution information in the four dimensions as “3-D space + 1-D time” makes it comprehensively perceive the targets and environment. The beamforming allows the radiated energy to focus on the thoraxes, which helps reduce interference and distortion caused by stationary reflectors (i.e., clutters, static body parts, and multipath), thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio and enabling long-range measurements. We also verify the measured data in a real indoor environment, and the experimental results show that the proposed system can accurately monitor the physiological signals of multiple subjects. The root mean square errors of respiratory rate and heart rate at a distance of 3 m are 0.2 breaths per minute and 1.1 beats per minute, respectively.
Cutibacterium spp. Infections after Instrumented Spine Surgery Have a Good Prognosis Regardless of Rifampin Use: A Cross-Sectional Study

Infection after spinal instrumentation (IASI) by Cutibacterium spp. is being more frequently reported. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcome of a Cutibacterium spp. IASI (CG) compared with non-Cutibacterium IASI (NCG) infections, with an additional focus on the role of rifampin in the treatment. All patients from a multicentre, retrospective, observational study with a confirmed IASI between January 2010 and December 2016 were divided into two groups: (CG and NCG) IASI. Baseline, medical, surgical, infection treatment, and follow-up data were compared for both groups. In total, 411 patients were included: 27 CG and 384 NCG. The CG patients were significantly younger. They had a longer median time to diagnosis (23 vs. 13 days) (p = 0.025), although 55.6% debuted within the first month after surgery. Cutibacterium patients were more likely to have the implant removed (29.6% vs. 12.8%; p = 0.014) and received shorter antibiotic regimens (p = 0.014). In 33% of Cutibacterium cases, rifampin was added to the baseline therapy. None of the 27 infections resulted in treatment failure during follow-up regardless of rifampin use. Cutibacterium spp. is associated with a younger age and may cause both early and late IASIs. In our experience, the use of rifampin to improve the outcome in the treatment of a Cutibacterium spp. IASI is not relevant since, in our series, none of the cases had therapeutic failure regardless of the use of rifampin.
Trauma-Related Clinical Practice Variation in Dutch Emergency Departments

Structural insights in the use of protocols and the extent of practice variation in EDs are lacking. The objective is to determine the extent of practice variation in EDs in The Netherlands, based on specified common practices. We performed a comparative study on Dutch EDs that employed emergency physicians to determine practice variation. Data on practices were collected via a questionnaire. Fifty-two EDs across The Netherlands were included. Thrombosis prophylaxis was prescribed for below-knee plaster immobilization in 27% of EDs. Vitamin C was prescribed in 50% of EDs after a wrist fracture. Splitting of applied casts to the upper or lower limb was performed in one-third of the EDs. Analysis of the cervical spine after trauma was performed by the NEXUS criteria (69%), the Canadian C-spine Rule (17%) or otherwise. The imaging modality for cervical spine trauma in adults was a CT scan (98%). The cast used for scaphoid fractures was divided between the short arm cast (46%) and the navicular cast (54%). Locoregional anaesthesia for femoral fractures was applied in 54% of the EDs. EDs in The Netherlands showed considerable practice variation in treatments among the subjects studied. Further research is warranted to gain a full understanding of the variation in practice in EDs and the potential to improve quality and efficiency.
Neighborhood Conditions and Fractional k-Factors

Let k be an integer such that k 1, and let G be a connected graph of order n such that n 9k 1 4 2(k 1)2 + 2, and the minimum degree (G) k. In this paper, it is proved that a graph G has a fractional k-factor if |NG(x) ( NG(y)| max{n/2,(n + k 2)/2} for each pair of non-adjacent vertices x,y 2 V (G).
CCR5∆32 and SDF1 3′A: Gene Variants, Expression and Influence on Biological Markers for the Clinical Progression to AIDS among HIV-1 Virus Controllers in a Mixed Population of the Amazon Region of Brazil

CCR5Δ32 and SDF1-3′A polymorphisms were investigated in a cohort of viremia controllers, without the use of therapy, along with their influence on CD4+ T lymphocytes (TLs), CD8+ TLs, and plasma viral load (VL). The samples were analyzed from 32 HIV-1-infected individuals classified as viremia controllers 1 and 2 and viremia non-controllers, from both sexes, mostly heterosexuals, paired with 300 individuals from a control group. CCR5∆32 polymorphism was identified by PCR amplification of a fragment of 189 bp for the wild-type allele and 157 bp for the allele with the ∆32 deletion. SDF1-3′A polymorphism was identified by PCR, followed by enzymatic digestion (restriction fragment length polymorphism) with the Msp I enzyme. The relative quantification of gene expression was performed by real-time PCR. The distribution of allele and genotype frequencies did not show significant differences between the groups. The gene expression of CCR5 and SDF1 was not different between the profiles of AIDS progression. There was no significant correlation between the progression markers (CD4+ TL/CD8+ TL and VL) and the CCR5∆32 polymorphism carrier status. The 3′A allele variant was associated with a marked loss of CD4+ TLs and a higher plasma VL. Neither CCR5∆32 nor SDF1-3′A was associated with viremia control or the controlling phenotype.
TURBULENT ENERGY BALANCE AND SPECTRA OF THE AXISYMMETRIC WAKE

Axisymmetric turbulent wake behind a sphere in an incompressible fluid has been experimentally investigated from 50 to 300 diam downstream from the sphere at Reynolds numbers from 4000 to 150 000. Mean and turbulent velocity measurements show that the region of self‐preservation starts 50 sphere diam downstream, and the virtual origin of the wake is 12 sphere diam downstream. Detailed measurements were made in the self‐preserving region of the wake. The three components of the turbulent velocity, turbulent shear, and the mean velocity defect were measured across the wake using the hot‐wire anemometer. From the measurements the turbulent energy production, dissipation, convection, and diffusion across the wake were determined. The one‐dimensional energy spectra of the three components of the turbulent velocity, their dependence on distance along and across the wake and on Reynolds number have been measured. The large scale motion (low wavenumbers) is dynamically similar and the small scale motion (large wavenumbers) exhibits Kolmogoroff's universal equilibrium. The present spectral measurements are compared with other published measurements of the universal equilibrium spectra in various turbulent flows.
Dietary Arginine and Citrulline Supplements for Cardiovascular Health and Athletic Performance: A Narrative Review

The global market for nutritional supplements (NS) is growing rapidly, and the use of L-arginine (Arg), L-citrulline (Cit), and citrulline malate (CitMal) supplements has been shown to enhance cardiovascular health and athletic performance. Over the past decade, Arg, Cit, and CitMal supplements have received considerable attention from researchers in the field of exercise nutrition, who have investigated their potential effects on hemodynamic function, endothelial function, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, strength, power, and endurance. Previous studies were reviewed to determine the potential impact of Arg, Cit, and CitMal supplements on cardiovascular health and exercise performance. By synthesizing the existing literature, the study aimed to provide insight into the possible uses and limitations of these supplements for these purposes. The results showed that both recreational and trained athletes did not see improved physical performance or increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with 0.075 g or 6 g doses of Arg supplement per body weight. However, 2.4 to 6 g of Cit per day for 7 to 16 days of various NSs had a positive impact, increasing NO synthesis, enhancing athletic performance indicators, and reducing feelings of exertion. The effects of an 8 g acute dose of CitMal supplement were inconsistent, and more research is needed to determine its impact on muscle endurance performance. Based on the positive effects reported in previous studies, further testing is warranted in various populations that may benefit from nutritional supplements, including aerobic and anaerobic athletes, resistance-trained individuals, elderly people, and clinical populations, to determine the impact of different doses, timing of ingestion, and long-term and acute effects of Arg, Cit, and CitMal supplements on cardiovascular health and athletic performance.
Linear amplification of marginally neutral baroclinic waves

Baroclinic wave development is investigated for unstable parallel shear flows in the limit of vanishing normal-mode growth rate. This development is described in terms of the propagation and interaction mechanisms of two coherent structures, called counter-propagating Rossby waves (CRWs). It is shown that, in this limit of vanishing normal-mode growth rate, arbitrary initial conditions produce sustained linear amplification of the marginally neutral normal mode (mNM). This linear excitation of the mNM is subsequently interpreted in terms of a resonance phenomenon. Moreover, while the mathematical character of the normal-mode problem changes abruptly as the bifurcation point in the dispersion diagram is encountered and crossed, it is shown that from an initial-value (CRW) viewpoint, this transition is smooth. Consequently, the resonance interpretation remains relevant (albeit for a finite time) for wavenumbers slightly different from the ones defining cut-off points. The results are further applied to a two-layer version of the classic Eady model in which the upper rigid lid has been replaced by a simple stratosphere.
Ferromagnetic fraction and exchange anisotropy in SUS 316LN austenitic stainless steel due to strain-induced deformation

The exchange bias behavior was observed between strain-induced ferromagnetic (FM) α′ martensite and antiferromagentic (AFM) austenitic phase in SUS 316LN stainless steel at <30K. Based on the magnetic hysteresis loops, the exchange contact was evident when a small amount of FM was formed, typically about <1.0vol%. The exchange bias field (Hex) was reported here as a function of FM volume fraction at different temperatures. The decreasing Hex with FM is attributed to the increasing size of FM crystallites in the AFM matrix.
Spectral EEG correlations from the different phases of general anesthesia

Introduction Electroencephalography (EEG) signals contain transient oscillation patterns commonly used to classify brain states in responses to action, sleep, coma or anesthesia. Methods Using a time-frequency analysis of the EEG, we search for possible causal correlations between the successive phases of general anesthesia. We hypothesize that it could be possible to anticipate recovery patterns from the induction or maintenance phases. For that goal, we track the maximum power of the α−band and follow its time course. Results and discussion We quantify the frequency shift of the α−band during the recovery phase and the associated duration. Using Pearson coefficient and Bayes factor, we report non-significant linear correlation between the α−band frequency and duration shifts during recovery and the presence of the δ or the α rhythms during the maintenance phase. We also found no correlations between the α−band emergence trajectory and the total duration of the flat EEG epochs (iso-electric suppressions) induced by a propofol bolus injected during induction. Finally, we quantify the instability of the α−band using the mathematical total variation that measures possible deviations from a flat line. To conclude, the present correlative analysis shows that EEG dynamics extracted from the initial and maintenance phases of general anesthesia cannot anticipate both the emergence trajectory and the extubation time.
Nilpotent Lie Algebras with a Small Second Derived Quotient

Here we find the structure of nilpotent Lie algebras L with dim(L′/L″) = 3 and L″ ≠ 0. Following the pattern of results of Csaba Schneider in p-groups, we show that L is the central direct sum of ideals H and U, where U is the direct sum of a generalized Heisenberg Lie algebra and an abelian Lie algebra. We then find over the complex numbers that H falls into one of fourteen isomorphism classes.
Hydraulic Performance of a Mixed-Flow Pump: Unsteady Inviscid Computations and Loss Models

The hydraulic performance of an industrial mixed-flow pump is analyzed using a three-dimensional potential flow model to compute the unsteady flow through the entire pump configuration. Subsequently, several additional models that use the potential flow results are employed to assess the losses. Computed head agrees well with experiments in the range 70 percent–130 percent BEP flow rate. Although the boundary layer displacement in the volute is substantial, its effect on global characteristics is negligible. Computations show that a truly unsteady analysis of the complete impeller and volute is necessary to compute even global performance characteristics; an analysis of an isolated impeller channel and volute with an averaging procedure at the interface is inadequate.