Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Étude numérique des effets de concentration préférentielle et de corrélation spatiale entre vitesses de particules solides en turbulence homogène isotrope stationnaire

Ce travail de these est consacre a l'etude des ecoulements turbulents diphasiques gaz-solides. Cette etude s'appuie sur des resultats issus d'un traitement statistique Lagrangien et Eulerien de la dynamique d'ecoulements diphasiques, obtenus par simulation numerique directe (DNS), ou simulation numerique directe des grandes echelles (LES), de la turbulence du gaz, couplee avec suivi Lagrangien des particules. Les particules considerees sont spheriques et de taille inferieure ou du meme ordre que les plus petites echelles de la turbulence du fluide, et la densite des particules est bien plus grande que celle du fluide. L'ecoulement de reference est une turbulence homogene isotrope (THI) maintenue en regime statistiquement stationnaire, en imposant une acceleration stochastique sur les premiers nombres d'onde du champ turbulent. Le mouvement des particules est gouverne par la force de trainee de Stokes et par la force de gravite, et les interactions inter-particules, telles que les collisions et les interactions hydrodynamiques, ne sont pas prises en compte. De plus, l'effet de la presence des particules sur la turbulence du fluide n'est pas traite. Ces simulations sont representatives d'ecoulements gaz-solides dilues ou le principal mecanisme est le transport des particules par la turbulence. Ce travail est consacre dans un premier temps aux effets de dispersion turbulente et de segregation spatiale des particules en apesanteur et en presence de gravite, mettant en evidence un mecanisme controle par les grandes echelles de la turbulence. Par la suite, un formalisme Eulerien microscopique du mouvement des particules est developpe. Le calcul des statistiques Euleriennes en un point et en deux points, sur les variables position-vitesse des particules, montre que la vitesse des particules est composee d'une partie "correlee", qui prend completement en compte les correlations fluide-particule et particule-particule, et d'une partie "decorrelee" dont la contribution augmente avec l'inertie des particules. Les phenomenes de dispersion relative de particules solides, et de collisions inter-particules sont enfin etudies dans le cadre de ce formalisme.
Les phytolithes, marqueurs des environnements mio-pliocènes du Tchad. Reconstitution à partir du signal environnemental des phytolithes dans l'Afrique subsaharienne actuelle

Ce memoire presente l'etude du signal phytolithique de sediments mio-pliocenes du Tchad(Afrique Centrale) dates entre 7-2 Ma, et contemporains des Hominines anciens Sahelanthropustchadensis et Australopithecus bahrelghazali. Une calibration de la relation plantes-phytolithes-solspour l'Afrique tropicale subsaharienne actuelle a d'abord ete realisee pour apprecier la signatureenvironnementale des phytolithes dans le registre fossile. L'analyse des assemblages phytolithiques de98 especes de graminees (Poaceae) a permis d'elaborer trois nouveaux indices phytolithiques a partirde 43 types propres aux Poaceae. Testes sur une base de 57 sols/sediments modernes du Tchad, cesindices permettent de tracer les associations gramineennes aquatiques du Lac Tchad, les associationsmesophytiques des milieux humides soudaniens, et les associations xerophytiques des milieux secssaheliens. L'analyse des assemblages phytolithiques des sols/sediments actuels consideres dans leurensemble a permis d'evaluer le potentiel de ce proxy a caracteriser la physionomie des formationssoudano-saheliennes modernes. La calibration a ete appliquee a l'etude d'un enregistrementsedimentaire discontinu du Lac Tchad (6-2 Ma) (forage de Bol, 13°N/14°E) et a celle de 18 niveauxpaleontologiques du Djourab (7-3.5 Ma) (16°N/17°E). Les resultats indiquent la presence de savanesintermediaires a fermees et de zones de vegetation aquatique dominantes a 7 Ma dans le Djourab, puisde savanes plus ouvertes et seches a 3.5 Ma. Une phase de bas niveau lacustre est enregistree entre3.6-2.8 Ma a Bol, et un pic d'aridite a 3.2 Ma. Enfin, les resultats montrent l'existence de gramineesen C4 au Tchad depuis 7 Ma.
Downregulation of miR-486-5p Enhances the Anti-Tumor Effect of 5-Fluorouracil on Pancreatic Cancer Cells OncoTargets and Therapy

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) has been applied to treat pancreatic cancer, which is one of the most common types of digestive system tumors. Evidence has shown that miR-486-5p could promote the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether downregulation of miR-486-5p could enhance the anti-tumor effect of 5-Fu on pancreatic cancer cells. Methods: Cell Counting Kit 8 assay, ﬂ ow cytometry and wound healing assays were used to detect proliferation, apoptosis and migration in PANC-1 cells. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, cleavedcaspase3,PTEN,p-Aktandp-ERKinPANC-1cellsweredetectedwithWesternblotassay. Results: In this study, the inhibitory effects of 5-Fu on the proliferation, migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells were signi ﬁ cantly enhanced following transfection with miR-486-5p antagonist. In addition, downregulation of miR-486-5p markedly enhanced the pro-apoptosis effect of 5-Fu on PANC-1 cells. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay identi ﬁ ed that PTEN was the directly binding target of miR-486-5p. Meanwhile, downregulation of miR-486-5p markedly enhanced the anti-tumor effect of 5-Fu in PANC-1 cells via upregulation of the level of PTEN, and downregulation of the expressions of p-ERK and p-Akt. In vivo experiments con ﬁ rmed that knockdown of miR-486-5p could enhance the anti-tumor effect of 5-Fu in PANC-1 xenograft model. Conclusion: We found that the downregulation of miR-486-5p could enhance the anti-tumor effect of 5-Fu on pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, miR-486-5p antagonist plus 5-Fu might be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Prevalence of ocular morbidity among children aged 17 years or younger in the eastern india

Purpose: Childhood ocular morbidity involves a spectrum of eye diseases that critically impact the mental development, future education and quality of life. However, there is limited evidence about the early detection and appropriate treatment of ocular morbidity in children , 20 years. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and make a comparison between the different types of ocular morbidity in children of both sexes in the age group of 6–17 years in the eastern India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of ocular morbidity among children , 17 years of age who presented at the Department of Ophthalmology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, and Vision Care Center for Retina, Bhubaneswar, in the eastern India between January 2015 and March 2018 was accomplished. Demographic information, visual acuity, type of eye injury, refractive errors and other detailed ophthalmic examination were screened. Results: A total of 633 children (age 6–17 years) were examined in this study. The majority of cases were observed in children of age 12–17 years, accounting for almost close to half of all the cases. The prevalence of ocular morbidity was 45.92% in males and 53.97% in females. The most common ocular morbidity in children encountered was refractive error (54.62%), followed by congenital abnormalities (9%), allergic conjunctivitis (8.52%) and traumatic eye injury (7.1%). There was an increase in ocular morbidity with age, especially the refractive error and congenital abnormalities. Conclusion: A large number of ocular morbidity was observed in children of age , 17 years. Since most of this morbidity was preventable or treatable, reasonable service for ocular morbidity and early age screening are effective methods to reduce this load. Moreover, health education for the prevention of childhood ocular morbidity and, at the same time, early presentation of children to ophthalmic hospitals for the treatment of eye disorders are essential. include: Optometry; Visual science; Pharmacology and drug therapy in eye diseases; Basic Sciences; Primary and Secondary eye care; Patient Safety and Quality of Improvements.
Mesure de l'amplitude d'une onde de plasma créée par sillage laser guidé

L'interaction d'une impulsion laser intense et de courte duree avec un plasma permet de produire une onde de plasma de grande amplitude dans son sillage, auquel est associe un champ electrique longitudinal. Celui-ci peut etre utilise pour accelerer des electrons relativistes injectes dans l'onde jusqu'a de grandes energies - de l'ordre du GeV - sur de courtes distances - quelques centimetres - au regard des distances dans les accelerateurs conventionnels. Le controle des caracteristiques du faisceau d'electrons lors du processus d'acceleration est fondamental pour realiser un etage d'acceleration laser-plasma utilisable. Le travail de these a porte sur la creation et la caracterisation d'une onde de plasma en regime faiblement non lineaire sur une longueur de plusieurs centimetres. Des tubes capillaires sont utilises pour guider le faisceau laser sur ces distances tout en maintenant une intensite suffisante (~ 1E17 W/cm²). Le faisceau laser guide ionise le gaz contenu dans le tube et cree l'onde de plasma. Un diagnostic optique reposant sur la modification du spectre de l'impulsion laser a ete utilise pour determiner l'amplitude de l'onde de plasma le long du tube. Sa dependance en fonction de la pression de remplissage du gaz, de la longueur du capillaire et de l'energie laser, a ete etudiee. Les resultats experimentaux compares aux resultats analytiques et de modelisation sont en excellent accord, et montrent que le champ electrique associe a l'onde de plasma est compris entre 1 et 10 GV/m sur une longueur allant jusqu'a 8 cm. Ce travail a permis de montrer la possibilite de creer de facon controlee une onde de plasma en regime faiblement non lineaire.
Expanding the clinical phenotype of individuals with a 3-bp in-frame deletion of the NF1 gene (c.2970_2972del): an update of genotypeâ€“phenotype correlation

Results: None of the individuals had externally visible plexiform or histopathologically confirmed cutaneous or subcutaneous neurofibromas. We did not identify any complications, such as symptomatic optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) or symptomatic spinal neurofibromas; however, 4.8% of individuals had nonoptic brain tumors, mostly low-grade and asymptomatic, and 38.8% had cognitive impairment/learning disabilities. In an individual with the NF1 constitutional c. 2970_2972del and three astrocytomas, we provided proof that all were NF1-associated tumors given loss of heterozygosity at three intragenic NF1 microsatellite markers and c. 2970_2972del.
Risk Vulnerability and the temper-ing E ect of Background Risk

Method of operating a warp knitting machine includes, after interruption of a weft running to the weft storage and activation of a machine shut-down device, initially controlling slow-down of the knitting instruments of the machine so that when the machine stops, the weft storage has been emptied of all but a predetermined number of weft lengths, severing the drive connection between the weft storage and the knitting instruments, removing from the weft storage the weft remaining therein, automatically filling the weft storage with weft, and the restoring the drive connection for continuing the knitting operation.
concerns of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and adherence to therapy – a qualitative study

Purpose: The objectives of this study were 1) to identify the impact of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on patients’ lives and their reactions to this, as well as their main concerns and expectations regarding their disease and treatments; and 2) to assess the relationship between these concerns and the adherence to treatments, medical visits, and diagnostic tests. Patients and methods: Qualitative study, using a convenient sample of SLE patients attending an outpatient rheumatology clinic. Semistructured interviews were conducted and audiotaped. The full transcripts were analyzed by two different coders using content analysis methodology. Results: Fifteen participants were included. SLE had a major impact on these patients’ lives. Their main concerns were fear of disease worsening and becoming dependent on other people, fear of not being able to take care of their children or provide for the family, and the possibility of transmitting SLE to their offspring. The main reasons for adherence to therapy were the wish to avoid manifestations of SLE and trust in the rheumatologist and routine. Nonadherence was more common in the beginning of the treatment because of the difficulty in accepting a chronic disease that requires lifelong therapy. Conclusion: Our data underlined the important interplay between adherence to medication and the possibility to gather accurate information and proper support during the treatment process. Good communication and efficient patient education strategies, focused on improving their knowledge about the disease and its treatments, may be important to improve adherence to therapy in SLE.
Measured wind-wave climatology Lake IJssel (NL) + Errata

In the period 1997-2007, an extensive wind and wave measuring campaign has been carried out on Lake IJssel and Lake Sloten in The Netherlands. The aim of this campaign was to gather and analyse welldocumented wind and wave measurements of high quality, for a range of fetch, depth and (strong) wind conditions. The data should serve a number of purposes, and dike design in particular. The campaign has resulted in a good indication of wind and wave climatology of both lakes, while enhancing the knowledge on various aspects of wind and waves. However, the gap between measured conditions (up to 9 Beaufort inclusive) and dike design conditions (with 12 Beaufort winds) has only slightly decreased due to an exceptionally long storm-free period from 1990 to at least mid 2007. Hence, it is recommended to continue (part of) the present measurements until at least one event with 10 Beaufort winds is suitably measured. In the following, a brief overview of the contents of this report is given. Chapters 1 and 2 give some introductory details like relevance and aim of the present project, the measuring locations, instrumentation, data processing and data validation. Detailed overviews of experimental techniques and measuring errors are given in Appendix A-B. Appendix C shows that step gauge, capa probe and log-a-level instruments all (can) agree excellently, but that the latter is sensitive to wind from 6 Beaufort (12 m/s) winds on. In Chapter 3, the availability and range of the data is discussed. In the last 5 years, data availability during gales was excellent (Table 3.1). Some gales yielded wave periods that nearly equalled the (12 Beaufort) dike design values. However, water levels, wave heights and wave-run-up levels all remained well below the design values (section 3.3). Chapter 4 is about wind and temperatures. A key result is the fact that during gales, wind speed differences between land and water largely disappear; a feature that can not yet be explained by any of the existing models and theories (section 4.4; Appendix E). Chapter 5 is about water levels and its wind-induced set-up (storm surge). Rapid wind changes may also cause overshoots and oscillations up to a metre, larger than the stationary storm surge (section 5.3). Chapter 6 discusses wave climatology and several features relevant to wave modelling. Key uncertainties in the latter are related to the way waves scale with the wind and to depth limited wave growth (section 6.5-6.6). Without these shallow water effects, design wave heights at Lake IJssel would have been order 60% higher. Chapter 7 presents a number of test and calibration cases for wave models; time-dependent cases show that waves can grow very rapidly. Chapter 8 discusses the present data of wave run-up against dikes. The main result is that run-up reduction by berms, dike roughness etc. (typically 50-75%) is wave height dependent. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are given in Chapter 9.
are atrophic long-bone nonunions associated with low-grade infections?

: Impaired fracture healing, especially when associated with bacterial infection, is a severe complication following long-bone fractures and requires special treatment. Because standard diagnostic techniques might provide falsely negative results, we evaluated the sonication method for detection of bacteria on implants of patients with fracture nonunions. A total of 49 patients with a nonunion (group NU) and, for comparison, 45 patients who had undergone routine removal of osteosynthetic material (group OM), were included in the study. Five different diagnostic methods (culture of tissue samples, culture of intraoperative swabs, histopathology of tissue samples, culture of sonication fluid, and 16S ribosomal DNA polymerase chain reaction of sonication fluid) were compared and related to clinical data. Among the diagnostic tests, culture of sonication fluid demonstrated by far the highest detection rate of bacteria (57%) in group NU, and rather unexpectedly 40% in group OM. Culture of sonication samples also revealed a broad spectrum of bacteria, in particular Propionibacterium spp. In conclusion, our results indicate that more bacteria can be detected on implants of patients with atrophic nonunions of long-bone fractures by means of the sonication procedure, which provides a valuable additional diagnostic tool to decide on a surgical procedure (eg, two-step procedure) and to further specify antimicrobial therapy. are attached to the implant surface, and thus can be gently removed. Aim of this study was to apply sonication to implants from patients with
Challenges in Land Tenure and Land Reform in Africa: An Anthropological Perspective

The paper discusses the interface of anthropological research on land with policy positions across formative periods - from the colonial period through to the present as land tenure reform has repeatedly become a development priority; and recent research on intensifying competition over land, its intersection with competition over legitimate authority, new types of land transfers, the role of claims of indigeneity or autochthony in land conflicts, and the challenges of increasing social inequality and of commodification of land for analysis and for land reform.
Livestock-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs - prevalence, risk factors and transmission dynamics

In 2004, an association between human carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and contact with pigs was found. To assess the implications of this finding for veterinary and public health more insight into the prevalence, risk factors and transmission dynamics of this so-called livestock-associated (LA-)MRSA was needed. Therefore, field and experimental studies were conducted in pig and human populations of which the results are presented in this thesis. First, observational studies on pig farms were performed to estimate the prevalence of MRSA positive herds, and to identify factors associated with LA-MRSA in pig herds. It was shown that LA-MRSA was present in the majority, i.e. ~70%, of Dutch pig herds and that the prevalence increased over time. Larger herds were more often found LA-MRSA positive than smaller herds, and transmission was shown to occur by animal trade. From all this, it was concluded that LA-MRSA has become endemic in the Dutch pig population. Secondly, studies on LA-MRSA in pigs, the environment and personnel in pig slaughterhouses were performed. In pigs, a clear increase in LA-MRSA positive pigs from 0 to 60% was shown in the time period between loading at the farm and stunning at the slaughterhouse. This indicated a very rapid transmission of LA-MRSA between pigs through direct contact or through contact with a contaminated environment. An increase in LA-MRSA positive environmental samples taken in the slaughterhouse was found during the working day. In personnel, LA-MRSA prevalence was 6% and working with live pigs was the single most important factor for being positive; personnel not working with pigs or working only with dead pigs were all LA-MRSA negative. Thirdly, transmission of LA-MRSA within herds was studied longitudinally both in an experimental setting and also in 6 pig herds. Transmission rates and the factors affecting these rates were determined. The results of both studies indicated that LA-MRSA is able to spread easily and persist in pig populations, resulting in an endemic situation. Use of selective antimicrobials has a positive effect on the transmission rate of LA-MRSA, but transmission occurs even without use of antimicrobials. The key to limiting LA-MRSA transmission from pigs to humans is to eliminate the source, i.e. eradicate LA-MRSA from pig herds, and a combination of different intervention strategies controlling both within- and between-herd transmission will be needed to achieve this.
Public awareness and support for environmental protection#_#x2014;A focus on air pollution in peninsular Malaysia

As in many nations, air pollution linked to rapid industrialization is a public health and environmental concern in Malaysia, especially in cities. Understanding awareness of air pollution and support for environmental protection from the general public is essential for informing governmental approaches to dealing with this problem. This study presents a cross-sectional survey conducted in the Klang Valley and Iskandar conurbations to examine urban Malaysians’ perception, awareness and opinions of air pollution. The survey was conducted in two languages, English and Malay, and administered through the online survey research software, Qualtrics. The survey consisted of three sections, where we collected sociodemographic information, information on the public perception of air quality and the causes of air pollution, information on public awareness of air pollution and its related impacts, and information on attitudes towards environmental protection. Of 214 respondents, over 60% were positive towards the air quality at both study sites despite the presence of harmful levels of air pollution. The air in the Klang Valley was perceived to be slightly more polluted and causing greater health issues. Overall, the majority of respondents were aware that motor vehicles represent the primary pollution source, yet private transport was still the preferred choice of transportation mode. A generally positive approach towards environmental protection emerged from the data. However, participants showed stronger agreement with protection actions that do not involve individual effort. Nonetheless, we found that certain segments of the sample (people owning more than three vehicles per household and those with relatives who suffered from respiratory diseases) were significantly more willing to personally pay for environmental protection compared to others. Implications point to the need for actions for spreading awareness of air pollution to the overall population, especially with regards to its health risks, as well as strategies for increasing the perception of behavioural control, especially with regards to motor vehicles’ usage. PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0212206 March 14, 2019 1 / 21 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111