Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frontotemporal Regulation of Subjective Value to Suppress Impulsivity in Intertemporal Choices

Impulsive decisions arise from preferring smaller but sooner rewards compared with larger but later rewards. How neural activity and attention to choice alternatives contribute to reward decisions during temporal discounting is not clear. Here we probed (1) attention to and (2) neural representation of delay and reward information in humans (both sexes) engaged in choices. We studied behavioral and frequency-specific dynamics supporting impulsive decisions on a fine-grained temporal scale using eye tracking and MEG recordings. In one condition, participants had to decide for themselves but pretended to decide for their best friend in a second prosocial condition, which required perspective taking. Hence, conditions varied in the value for themselves versus that pretending to choose for another person. Stronger impulsivity was reliably found across three independent groups for prosocial decisions. Eye tracking revealed a systematic shift of attention from the delay to the reward information and differences in eye tracking between conditions predicted differences in discounting. High-frequency activity (175-250 Hz) distributed over right frontotemporal sensors correlated with delay and reward information in consecutive temporal intervals for high value decisions for oneself but not the friend. Collectively, the results imply that the high-frequency activity recorded over frontotemporal MEG sensors plays a critical role in choice option integration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Humans face decisions between sooner smaller rewards and larger later rewards daily. An objective benefit of losing weight over a longer time might be devalued in face of ice cream because they prefer currently available options because of insufficiently considering long-term alternatives. The degree of contribution of neural representation and attention to choice alternatives is not clear. We investigated correlates of such decisions in participants deciding for themselves or pretending to choose for a friend. Behaviorally participants discounted less in self-choices compared with the prosocial condition. Eye movement and MEG recordings revealed how participants represent choice options most evident for options with high subjective value. These results advance our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying decision-making in humans.
Assessing Australian women’s knowledge and knowledge preferences about long-term health after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a survey study

Objectives To (1) assess women’s current knowledge regarding long-term cardiovascular health after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (2) elicit women’s preferred educational content and format regarding health after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Design and setting A custom-created online survey exploring Australian women’s knowledge about long-term health after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, distributed through consumer groups and social media. Participants 266 women with (n=174) or without (n=92) a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Primary and secondary outcome measures (1) Proportion of women identifying long-term health risks after hypertensive disorder of pregnancy using a 10-point risk knowledge score with 0–4 ‘low’, 4.1–7.0 ‘moderate’ and 7.1–10 ‘high’. (2) Exploration of preferred content, format and distribution of educational material post hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Results Knowledge scores about health after hypertensive disorder of pregnancy were moderate in groups with and without a history of the disorder. Knowledge was highest regarding risk of recurrent hypertensive disorders in a subsequent pregnancy, ‘moderate’ for chronic hypertension and heart attack, ‘moderate’ and ‘low’ regarding risk of heart disease and ‘low’ for diabetes and renal disease. Only 36% of all participants were aware that risks start within 10 years after the affected pregnancy. The majority of respondents with a history of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (76%) preferred receiving information about long-term health 0–6 months post partum from a healthcare provider (80%), key organisations (60%), social media (47%) and brochures/flyers (43%). Conclusions Women’s knowledge regarding health risks after hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was ‘moderate’, although with important disease-specific gaps such as increased risk of diabetes. Most women wanted to be informed about their long-term health from a healthcare provider.
Characterization of G protein‐coupled estrogen receptors in Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes

The G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor 1 (Gper1) is a membrane‐bound estrogen receptor that mediates non‐genomic action of estrogens. A Gper1‐mediating pathway has been implicated in reproductive activities in fish, including oocyte growth, but Gper1 has been characterized in only a very limited number of fish species. In this study, we cloned and characterized two genes encoding medaka (Oryzias latipes) Gper1s, namely, Gper1a and Gper1b, and phylogenic and synteny analyses suggest that these genes originate through a teleost‐specific whole genome duplication event. We found that Gper1a induced phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) in 293T cells transfected with medaka Gper1s on exposure to the natural estrogen, 17β‐estradiol (E2) and a synthetic Gper1 agonist (G‐1), and treatment with both E2 and G‐1 also decreased the rate of spontaneous maturation in medaka oocytes. These findings show that the processes for oocyte growth and maturation are sensitive to estrogens and are possibly mediated through Gper1a in medaka. We also show that 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2), one of the most potent estrogenic endocrine‐disrupting chemicals, and bisphenol A (BPA, a weak environmental estrogen) augmented phosphorylation of MAPK through medaka Gper1s in 293T cells. Interestingly, however, treatment with EE2 or BPA did not attenuate maturation of medaka oocytes. Our findings support that Gper1‐mediated effects on oocytes are conserved among fish species, but effects of estrogenic endocrine‐disrupting chemicals on oocytes acting through Gper1 may be divergent among fish species.
Measurement of Aircraft Engine Non-Volatile PM Emissions: Results of the Aviation-Particle Regulatory Instrumentation Demonstration Experiment (A-PRIDE) 4 Campaign

This study reports the first of a kind data on aircraft engine non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) number- and mass-based emissions using standardized systems. Two compliant sampling and measurement systems operated by Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T) and Empa were evaluated during the Aviation - Particle Regulatory Instrumentation Demonstration Experiment (A-PRIDE) 4 campaign at the SR Technics facilities in Zürich, Switzerland, in November 2012. The Missouri S&T and Empa systems were compared during a series of dedicated engine tests using a CFM56-5B4/2P engine source, and maintenance engine testing using CFM56-7B24/3 and PW4168A engine sources at a range of engine operating conditions. These two compliant systems were found to agree within 6% of each other in terms of nvPM number-based emissions, and within 15% for nvPM mass-based emissions. For the three engine sources studied, at several engine power conditions the mass instruments approached their limit of detection, resulting in high measurement uncertainties. Ancillary instrumentation was used to determine PM size distributions, chemical composition, and effective density from mass-mobility experiments. Particle geometric mean mobility diameter ranged 20–45 nm, and geometric standard deviation varied from 1.55 to 1.9 for the three engine types studied. The fraction of PM organic content measured in the emissions from the CFM56-5B4/2P engine was ∼4% while the size-dependent particle effective density was parameterized with a mass-mobility exponent of 2.57 and a pre-factor of 0.606. Results of this study will contribute to the development of the new nvPM emissions certification standard and emissions inventories from commercial aviation operations.
Comparative analysis of the light parameters of red and near‐infrared diode lasers to induce photobiomodulation on fibroblasts and keratinocytes: An in vitro study

Photobiomodulation (PBM) depends on the use of non‐ionizing light energy to trigger photochemical changes, particularly in light‐sensitive mitochondrial structures. It triggers proliferation and the metabolic activity of the cells, primarily by utilizing the energy from the near‐infrared to the red wavelength of the light.
Histopathologic Spectrum of Morphea.

ABSTRACT Morphea is an autoimmune skin disease with protean clinical manifestations. Histologic features are similarly variable, and skin biopsies may be nondiagnostic. A single-institution retrospective cohort study was conducted. Morphea patients who had a biopsy in 2005-2015 were included, and a histopathological review was conducted by 2 pathologists. There were 51 biopsy specimens from 40 subjects. The most common histologic features were dermal sclerosis (90%), dermal thickening (78%), collagen homogenization (86%), a superficial and deep infiltrate (76%), a moderate-abundant inflammatory infiltrate (73%), and periadnexal fat loss/decreased skin appendages (71%). Twenty-four specimens were not diagnostic of morphea. In these specimens, the main clues to diagnosis included the presence of dermal sclerosis (79%), subtle collagen homogenization (75%), dermal thickening (58%), moderate-to-abundant plasma cells (50%), and perineural inflammation (50%). There were no statistically significant differences between active and inactive lesions, nor untreated and treated lesions. The histopathologic features of morphea are variable and a high proportion of biopsies are not diagnostic. Clinicians and pathologists should have a high degree of suspicion to correctly make the diagnosis of morphea.
Adaptive and Maladaptive Bodily Awareness: Distinguishing Interoceptive Sensibility and Interoceptive Attention from Anxiety‐Induced Somatization in Autism and Alexithymia

There is growing interest in “interoception” (i.e., detection and interpretation of internal body signals) as a relevant mechanism contributing to certain symptoms and features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and alexithymia. However, inconsistent measurement and operationalization of interoception has led to confusion and inconsistent findings in the literature. In this commentary, we present alternative interpretations of findings from existing studies to demonstrate that ASD and alexithymia are conditions associated with reduced adaptive forms of interoceptive attention (i.e., attention toward bodily signals) but heightened maladaptive forms of interoceptive attention related to anxiety‐induced somatization. Differentiating adaptive and maladaptive forms of interoceptive attention reveals a clearer pattern of findings in the research literature for further investigation of interoceptive processes that are involved in the neurobiology of ASD. However, interoception is a complex and multi‐faceted construct that requires continual refinement in conceptualization and operationalization. Interoception research may benefit from self‐report measures that clearly differentiate adaptive and maladaptive forms of bodily awareness.
Identification of Novel Potential Genes Involved in Cancer by Integrated Comparative Analyses

The main hallmarks of cancer diseases are the evasion of programmed cell death, uncontrolled cell division, and the ability to invade adjacent tissues. The explosion of omics technologies offers challenging opportunities to identify molecular agents and processes that may play relevant roles in cancer. They can support comparative investigations, in one or multiple experiments, exploiting evidence from one or multiple species. Here, we analyzed gene expression data from induction of programmed cell death and stress response in Homo sapiens and compared the results with Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene expression during the response to cell death. The aim was to identify conserved candidate genes associated with Homo sapiens cell death, favored by crosslinks based on orthology relationships between the two species. We identified differentially-expressed genes, pathways that are significantly dysregulated across treatments, and characterized genes among those involved in induced cell death. We investigated on co-expression patterns and identified novel genes that were not expected to be associated with death pathways, that have a conserved pattern of expression between the two species. Finally, we analyzed the resulting list by HumanNet and identified new genes predicted to be involved in cancer. The data integration and the comparative approach between distantly-related reference species that were here exploited pave the way to novel discoveries in cancer therapy and also contribute to detect conserved genes potentially involved in programmed cell death.
Studies leading to the large scale synthesis of polyesters using enzymes

The ability of immobilised Candida antarctica lipase to catalyse the condensation of diols and diacids was studied. The range of acids investigated (in condensations with butane-1,4-diol) included adipic, maleic, fumaric, itaconic, (E)-hex-3-enedioic and acetylenedicarboxylic acids, while the diols studied, in condensations with adipic acid, encompassed ethane-, propane-, butane-, pentane- and hexane-diols as well as (Z)-but-2-ene-1,4-diol and but-2-yne-1,4-diol. The oligomerization of hexane-1,6-diol and adipic acid was most facile and was chosen for scale-up. A mechanism for the polycondensation process is proposed.
Intrinsic Activity of Metal Centers in Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Single-Atom Catalysts for Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis.

Metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) single-atom catalysts (SACs) show high catalytic activity for many important chemical reactions. However, an understanding of their intrinsic catalytic activity remains ambiguous because of the lack of well-defined atomic structure control in current M-N-C SACs. Here, we use covalent organic framework SACs with an identical metal coordination environment as model catalysts to elucidate the intrinsic catalytic activity of various metal centers in M-N-C SACs. A pH-universal activity trend is discovered among six 3d transition metals for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) synthesis, with Co having the highest catalytic activity. Using density functional calculations to access a total of 18 metal species, we demonstrate that the difference in the binding energy of O2* and HOOH* intermediates (EO2* - EHOOH*) on single metal centers is a reliable thermodynamic descriptor to predict the catalytic activity of the metal centers. The predicted high activity of Ir centers from the descriptor is further validated experimentally. This work suggests a class of structurally defined model catalysts and clear mechanistic principles for metal centers of M-N-C SACs in H2O2 synthesis, which may be further extendable to other reactions.
Considerations on the Kinetics and the Mechanism of the Dissolution of Metal Oxides in Acidic Solutions

This paper surveys factors which are decisive for the rate of dissolution of metal oxides in acidic solutions in conjunction with the planning of systematical experimental investigations. Diese Arbeit enthalt eine Ubersicht der Faktoren, die fur die Auflosungsgeschwindigkeit von Metalloxiden in sauren Losungen bestimmend sind zwecks Planung systematischer experimenteller Untersuchungen.
SET7/9 promotes H3K4me3 at lncRNA DRAIC promoter to modulate growth and metastasis of glioma.

OBJECTIVE We aimed at investigating the expression levels of SET7/9 in glioma and the relationship between SET7/9 and LncRNA DRAIC. Further, we explored the relationship between SET7/9 and glioma cell metastasis and mood. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression levels of DRAIC and miR-18a-3p in gastric cancer cells were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The binding site of the promoter of DRAIC by H3K4me3 was confirmed by ChIP-Real-time PCR. The direct target of DRAIC and miR-18a-3p in gastric cancer cells was measured by a Luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation was detected by Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), and cell invasion and migration were measured by transwell assays. RESULTS Compared with adjacent non-cancerous normal tissues, SET7/9 and DRAIC were both downregulated and miR-18a-3p was upregulated in glioma cells. Meanwhile, silencing of SET7/9 enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in U251 cells. H3K4me3 protein can bind to DRAIC promoter directly. Inhibition of SET7/9 and downregulation of DRAIC in U251 cells reversed the effect of SET7/9 silencing on the growth and metastasis of glioma cells. In U251 cells, SET7/9 and DRAIC overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, miR-18a-3p interacts with DRAIC through direct binding. The inhibition of DRAIC promoted the growth and metastasis of U251 cells, while the co-transfection of si- DRAIC and miR-18a-3p further promoted the growth and metastasis of U251 cells. Overexpression of DRAIC inhibited the growth and metastasis of cells, completely reversing the co-transfection of Lnc-DRAIC and miR-18a-3p. CONCLUSIONS In this research, we discovered that the expression of SET7/9 was low in glioma cells and SET7/9-mediated H3K4me3 enrichment on the DRAIC promoter regulated the growth and metastasis of glioma cells by targeting miR-18a-3p. It potentially provides a new therapeutic marker targeting glioma.
Isoflurane Potentiation of GABAA Receptors Is Reduced but Not Eliminated by the β3(N265M) Mutation

Background: Mice carrying the GABAA receptor β3(N265M) point mutation, which renders receptors incorporating β3-subunits insensitive to many general anesthetics, have been used experimentally to link modulation of different receptor subtypes to distinct behavioral endpoints. Remarkably, however, the effect of the mutation on the susceptibility to modulation by isoflurane (a standard reference agent for inhalational vapors) has never been tested directly. Therefore, we compared the modulation by isoflurane of expressed α5β3(N265M)γ2L receptors with their wild type counterparts. Methods: Using whole-cell electrophysiological recording and rapid solution exchange techniques, we tested the effects of isoflurane at concentrations ranging from 80 μM to 320 μM on currents activated by 1 μM GABA. We measured drug modulation of wild-type α5β3γ2L GABAA receptors and their counterparts harboring the β3(N265M) mutation. Results: Currents elicited by GABA were enhanced two- to four-fold by isoflurane, in a concentration-dependent manner. Under the same conditions, receptors incorporating the β3(N265M) mutation were enhanced by approximately 1.5- to two-fold; i.e., modulation by isoflurane was attenuated by approximately one-half. Direct activation by isoflurane was also present in mutant receptors but also attenuated. Conclusions: In contrast to the complete insensitivity of β3(N265M) mutant receptors to etomidate and propofol, the mutation has only a partial effect on receptor modulation by isoflurane. Therefore, the persistence of isoflurane effects in mutant mice does not exclude a possible contribution of β3-GABAA receptors.
Salivary Metabolic Profile of Patients with Lung Cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease of Varying Severity and Their Comorbidity: A Preliminary Study

The aim of the work was to study the features of the salivary biochemical composition in the combined pathology of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of varying severity (COPD I, COPD II). The study group included patients with lung cancer (n = 392), non-malignant lung pathologies (n = 168) and healthy volunteers (n = 500). Before treatment, the salivary biochemical composition was determined according to 34 indicators. Survival analysis performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Biochemical parameters (catalase, imidazole compounds ICs, sialic acids, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) that can be used to monitor patients at risk (COPD I) for timely diagnosis of lung cancer are determined. A complex of salivary biochemical indicators with prognostic value in lung cancer was revealed. For patients with lung cancer without COPD, a group of patients with a favorable prognosis can be distinguished with a combination of ICs < 0.478 mmol/L and LDH >1248 U/L (HR = 1.56, 95% CI 0.40–6.07, p = 0.03891). For COPD I, a level of ICs < 0.182 mmol/L are prognostically favorable (HR = 1.74, 95% CI 0.71–4.21, p = 0.07270). For COPD II, combinations of pH < 6.74 and LDH >1006 U/L are prognostically favorable. In general, for patients with lung cancer in combination with COPD I, the prognosis is more favorable than without COPD.
Posture, movement, and aircraft passengers: An investigation into factors influencing in-flight discomfort.

BACKGROUND Aircraft passengers' physical activity levels are often limited during flight for extended periods of time, which can have serious impact on health, comfort, and passenger experience. However, several factors, such as limited personal space and social factors, can make movement difficult. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to identify participant behaviour and postures during medium to long-haul flights and their effect on location and severity of physical discomfort. This work investigated how aircraft passengers' comfort ratings changed over time and explored the association between postures and comfort ratings during flight. The study also explored the association between performing in-flight exercises and factors limiting participants' abilities to complete these exercises. METHOD Twenty-nine participants sat in an aircraft simulated cabin for 180 minutes and periodically performed in-seat exercises. They also completed a questionnaire providing data on demographic information, self-reported discomfort scores for multiple areas of the body, which types of exercises participants performed, and qualitative comments about discomfort. Self-reported comfort ratings were measured at 20 min intervals and posture identification was conducted by analysing the video recordings. RESULTS Six postures were identified, and it was observed that individual participants changed posture at least once and up to nine times during the three-hour period. Body part areas with the highest reported scores of discomfort ratings were: back of the neck, back-left shoulder, back-right shoulder, back-left buttock, and lower back. Participants reported that they had difficulty in performing recommended in-flight exercises due to limited space. CONCLUSIONS Limited space in aircraft seating restricts passenger movement. Some body areas are more prone to discomfort.