Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chip Size Minimization for Wide and Ultrawide Bandgap Power Devices

Chip size (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A}_{\text {chip}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) optimization is key to the accurate analysis of device and material costs and the design of multichip modules. It is particularly critical for wide bandgap (WBG) and ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) power devices due to high material cost. Moreover, the designs of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A}_{\text {chip}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the drift region thickness (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${W}_{\text {dr}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and doping concentration (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}_{\text {dr}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are interdependent, requiring their co-optimization. Current design practices for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A}_{\text {chip}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${W}_{\text {dr}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}_{\text {dr}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> rely on optimizing electrical parameters. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{^{^{}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> This work presents a new, holistic, electrothermal approach to optimize <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A}_{\text {chip}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for a given set of target specifications, including breakdown voltage (BV), conduction current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{{0}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and switching frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The conduction and switching losses of the device are considered as well as the heat dissipation in the chip and its package. For a given BV and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text {o}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the optimal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A}_{\text {chip}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${W}_{\text {dr}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}_{\text {dr}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> show a strong dependence on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and thermal management. Such dependencies are missing in prior <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A}_{\text {chip}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> design methods. This approach is applied to compare the optimal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A}_{\text {chip}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of WBG and UWBG devices up to a BV over 10 kV and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 1 MHz. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{^{^{}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Our approach offers more accurate cost analysis and design guidelines for power modules.
Abridged Summary of the Third AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshop

Results from the Third AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop (DPW-III) are summarized. The workshop focused on the prediction of both absolute and differential drag levels for wing-body and wing-alone configurations that are representative of transonic transport aircraft The baseline DLR-F6 wing-body geometry, previously used in DPW-II, is also augmented with a side-of-body fairing to help reduce the complexity of the flow physics in the wing-body juncture region. In addition, two new wing-alone geometries have been developed for DPW-III. Numerical calculations are performed using industry-relevant test cases that include lift-specific and fixed-alpha flight conditions, as well as full drag polars. Drag, lift, and pitching-moment predictions from numerous Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics methods are presented, focused on fully turbulent flows. Solutions are performed on structured, unstructured, and hybrid grid systems. The structured grid sets include point-matched multiblock meshes and overset grid systems. The unstructured and hybrid grid sets are composed of tetrahedral, pyramid, and prismatic elements. Effort was made to provide a high-quality and parametrically consistent family of grids for each grid type about each configuration under study. The wing-body families are composed of a coarse, medium, and fine grid, whereas the wing-alone families also include an extra-fine mesh. These mesh sequences are used to help determine how the provided flow solutions fare with respect to asymptotic grid convergence, and are used to estimate an absolute drag for each configuration.
Effect of dislocation density on efficiency droop in GaInN∕GaN light-emitting diodes

Measurements of light-output power versus current are performed for GaInN∕GaN light-emitting diodes grown on GaN-on-sapphire templates with different threading dislocation densities. Low-defect-density devices exhibit a pronounced efficiency peak followed by droop as current increases, whereas high-defect-density devices show low peak efficiencies and little droop. The experimental data are analyzed with a rate equation model to explain this effect. Analysis reveals that dislocations do not strongly impact high-current performance; instead they contribute to increased nonradiative recombination at lower currents and a suppression of peak efficiency. The characteristics of the dominant recombination mechanism at high currents are consistent with processes involving carrier leakage.
Glypican-3 Differentiates Intraductal Carcinoma and Paget’s Disease from Other Types of Breast Cancer

Background and Objectives: breast cancer remains the most common health burden affecting females worldwide. Despite developments in breast cancer diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies, the clinical management of metastatic breast cancer remains challenging. Thus, there is a need to identify new biomarkers and novel drug targets for breast cancer diagnosis and therapy. Recently, aberrant glypican-3 (GPC3) expression in cancers has gained considerable interest in cancer research. The studies, however, have yielded contradictory results about GPC3 expression in breast cancer. Therefore, the current study aims to analyse GPC3 expression across a large panel of different breast cancer subtypes. Materials and Methods: GPC3 expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in 230 breast cancer patients along with eight normal tissues and its associations to clinical and demographic characteristics, as well as immunohistochemical biomarkers for breast cancer. Moreover, a public database consisting of breast cancer patients’ survival data and GPC3 gene expression information was used to assess the prognostic value of GPC3 in the survival of breast cancer patients. Results: GPC3 expression was only characterised in 7.5% of different histological breast cancer subtypes. None of the normal breast tissues displayed GPC3 expression. Interestingly, all cases of Paget’s disease, as well as 42.9% of intraductal and 16.7% of mucinous carcinomas were found to have GPC3 expression, where it was able to significantly discriminate Paget’s disease and intraductal carcinoma from other breast cancer subtypes. Importantly, GPC3 expression was found more often in tumours that tested positive for the expression of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), indicating more favourable histological subtypes of breast cancer. Consequently, longer relapse-free survival (RFS) was significantly correlated with higher GPC3 mRNA expression. Conclusions: Our study proposes that GPC3 is a promising breast cancer subtype-specific biomarker. Moreover, GPC3 may have the potential to be a molecular target for the development of new therapeutics for specific subtypes of breast cancer.
Disassembly of myofibrils in adult cardiomyocytes during dedifferentiation

Using hybrid TPEF-SHG imaging and immunocytological techniques, we studied dedifferentiation of adult cardiomyocytes. First, the myofibrils shrank to shorten the sarcomere length. At the cell ends, the striated pattern of myosin filaments began to dissociate; at the center of the cell, the striated pattern of alpha-actinin first faded away and reappeared near the cell membrane during dedifferentiation. The results suggest that when freshly isolated adult cardiomyocytes are used to model cardiac muscle, the end-to-end connection may be important to maintain their striated myofibrillar structure and rod-shape morphology.
NON-THRESHOLD, THRESHOLD, AND NONADIABATIC BEHAVIOR OF THE KEY INTERSTELLAR C + C2H2 REACTION

The C + C2H2 reaction is a key process in interstellar cloud chemistry. In a crossed-beam scattering experiment approaching the low-collision energies that characterize these environments, we determined relative differential cross sections by detecting the H-atom product. High-level ab initio calculations of the reaction energies of two competing pathways, leading to cyclic and linear C3H, were also performed. Both channels are clearly distinguishable: the integral cross section of the c-C3H + H channel monotonically decreases with increasing relative translational energy whilst the l-C3H + H channel exhibits a translational energy threshold. Moreover, a comparison of the H-atom yields from the C + C2H2 and C + C2H4 reactions shows that the C3 + H2 nonadiabatic channel dominates. These results are consistent with the calculated enthalpies and corroborate earlier low-temperature kinetic experiments. Branching ratios of the three reaction pathways are given in the T = 15–300 K temperature domain for inclusion in astrochemical databases.
A simple model for the filtered density function for passive scalar combustion LES

LES models for turbulent non-premixed combustion usually require knowledge of the filtered density function of the conserved scalar, and we propose to use a simple top-hat function. Such top-hat distributions were developed as probability density functions for RANS applications in the 1970s but were soon surpassed by the β function. We find that in the context of LES, the top-hat distribution provides an excellent alternative to the now much more common β function. The top-hat function is assessed through a phenomenological analysis of Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data from a planar jet and of experimental data from a turbulent opposed jet. The approach is then tested a posteriori for a piloted diffusion flame (Sandia Flame D). Advantages of the top-hat function are the ease of implementation and the reduced dimensionality of look-up tables. The present paper also discusses inconsistencies of sub-grid β-FDFs, the FDFs sensitivity on implicit filtering, and the regime in which a β assumption can be a valid filtered density function for LES.
Unscrambling the Role of Redox-Active Biometals in Dopaminergic Neuronal Death and Promising Metal Chelation-Based Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease

Biometals are all metal ions that are essential for all living organisms. About 40% of all enzymes with known structures require biometals to function correctly. The main target of damage by biometals is the central nervous system (CNS). Biometal dysregulation (metal deficiency or overload) is related to pathological processes. Chronic occupational and environmental exposure to biometals, including iron and copper, is related to an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indeed, biometals have been shown to induce a dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. Although the etiology of PD is still unknown, oxidative stress dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibition of both the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are related to dopaminergic neuronal death. Herein, we addressed the involvement of redox-active biometals, iron, and copper, as oxidative stress and neuronal death inducers, as well as the current metal chelation-based therapy in PD.
Online Appendix for 'Efficient Learning for Selecting Top-m Context-Dependent Designs'

We consider a simulation optimization problem for a context-dependent decision-making, which aims to determine the top-m designs for all contexts. Under a Bayesian framework, we formulate the optimal dynamic sampling decision as a stochastic dynamic programming problem, and develop a sequential sampling policy to efficiently learn the performance of each design under each context. The asymptotically optimal sampling ratios are derived to attain the optimal large deviations rate of the worst-case of probability of false selection. The proposed sampling policy is proved to be consistent and its asymptotic sampling ratios are asymptotically optimal. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method improves the efficiency for selection of top-m context-dependent designs.
Simplified field wave equations for the nonlinear propagation of extremely short light pulses

We suggest a method to derive the nonlinear wave equations suitable for describing the propagation of light pulses as short as two optical cycles in transparent nonlinear optical media. The equations are suitable for efficient numerical simulation of the propagation of extremely short pulses without the need to resort to any type of envelope approximation, although they contain these as a limiting case. We demonstrate the power of this approach by modeling some recent experiments in which ultrabroadband radiation was generated upon propagating 150 fs duration 390 nm pulses in a deuterium-gas-filled hollow-core waveguide. The calculated spectrum agrees well with the measured spectrum.
Ethylene in IRC+10216

Ethylene has been detected in the circumstellar gas surrounding the supergiant star IRC+10216. Two lines of the . nu. /sub 7/ vibration-rotation band near 28 THz (949 cm/sup -1/) have been seen in absorption at an expansion velocity of 14 km s/sup -1/ relative to the central star. The line intensities indicate a rotational temperature of T>400 K and a radial C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ column density of 10/sup 16/ to 10/sup 17/ cm/sup -2/.
Long-Term Changes in Organic Matter Content and Soil Moisture Determine the Degree of Root and Soil Respiration

Carbon in soil is one of the most important indicators of soil fertility. Part of the carbon stored in them is returned to the atmosphere during soil respiration. Climate change and inappropriate land use can accelerate these processes. Our work aimed to determine how soil CO2 emissions change over ten years as a result of litter manipulation treatments. Plots at the Síkfőkút DIRT (Detritus Input and Removal Treatments) experimental site include doubling either leaf litter or wood, and removing all aboveground litter, all root inputs, or removing all litter inputs. With the help of this, we were able to examine not only the effects of the different organic matter intake but also the effects of the different microclimates that occur as a result of the treatments. Total soil respiration (root and microbial respiration) is a result of a persistent lack or excess of soil organic matter relative to soil moisture. Based on our studies, the increase in the intensity of root respiration on wetter soils was only half of the increase in respiration associated with decomposition activity. The sustained growth of leaf litter significantly increases soil respiration, which can be partly explained by the more favorable supply of nutrients to the decomposing organisms, and partly by the more favorable microclimatic conditions, however, these effects were only valid in the case of wetter soils. In the dry summer environment, we experienced higher CO2 emissions during litter removal treatments. In the first period between 2002 and 2004, even wetter root removal treatments showed a significantly higher CO2 emission, while in the period 2010–2012, surface litter removal treatments. The permanent removal of surface litter in the drier summer period resulted in the formation of a dense crack network, which increased the CO2 emission of these soils, which increases the soil organic carbon loss of the soil. Our study proves the advantages of mulching in terms of a more favorable microclimate of the soil surface and a balanced carbon balance of the soil–plant system.
Codon Usage Provide Insights into the Adaptation of Rice Genes under Stress Condition

Plants experience different stresses, i.e., abiotic, or biotic, and to combat them, plants re-program the expression of growth-, metabolism-, and resistance-related genes. These genes differ in their synonymous codon usage frequency and show codon usage bias. Here, we investigated the correlation among codon usage bias, gene expression, and underlying mechanisms in rice under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The results indicated that genes with higher expression (up- or downregulated) levels had high GC content (≥60%), a low effective number of codon usage (≤40), and exhibited strong biases towards the codons with C/G at the third nucleotide position, irrespective of stress received. TTC, ATC, and CTC were the most preferred codons, while TAC, CAC, AAC, GAC, and TGC were moderately preferred under any stress (abiotic or biotic) condition. Additionally, downregulated genes are under mutational pressure (R2 ≥ 0.5) while upregulated genes are under natural selection pressure (R2 ≤ 0.5). Based on these results, we also identified the possible target codons that can be used to design an optimized set of genes with specific codons to develop climate-resilient varieties. Conclusively, under stress, rice has a bias towards codon usage which is correlated with GC content, gene expression level, and gene length.
Competitiveness and Flow of Indonesian Paper Trade in The Global Market

Indonesia has the opportunity to increase the share of paper exports in the world due to the declining dominance of NORSCAN (North America and Scandinavia). The momentum is not only an opportunity for Indonesia, but also other paper exporters in Asia and Latin America. This research aims to analyze the competitiveness and determinants of Indonesia’s paper trade flow using secondary data in 2001- 2020 with 11 main export destination countries as objects using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD) and Gravity models. The RCA analysis showed Indonesia’s paper has competitiveness in 11 export destination countries with diverse growth rates. This is in line with Indonesia’s paper market position as Rising Star in 5 countries which means that Indonesian paper commodities are in a market with high demand growth and market share. Gravity model estimates show that Indonesia and importers real GDP per capita, as well as the level of competitiveness positively affects Indonesia’s paper exports, inversely, export prices and dummy Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) give negative impact. Based on these results, efforts to increase exports should be done by promoting paper to market with Rising Star and large economies such as China and USA as the priority choices.
An approach of wrinkle suppression to corrugated-core flexible skin under bending

Flexible skin with an elastomer face sheet and corrugated core is considered the key component in achieving aerodynamic bearing and continuous large deformation of the morphing wings. However, during the bending deformation process, the compressed face of the corrugated-core rubber flexible skin is prone to wrinkling, which affects the aerodynamic shape of the wing. This study investigated the critical wrinkling load of a silicone face sheet under three-point bending. A flexible skin composed of a corrugated core and silicone face sheet was prepared for the three-point bending test. The transverse strain curve of the face sheet was obtained using the digital image correlation method. A finite-element model of flexible skin with a corrugated core was established. The wrinkling critical loads obtained by the simulation model and theoretical analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, two improved silicone face sheets were obtained by increasing the partial thickness. The simulation and experiment results show that the improved face sheets can effectively suppress wrinkling. Meanwhile, the tenon structure formed by the trapezoidal silicone face sheet can enlarge the bonding area between the face sheet and corrugated core, and control the weight of the structure.
Hot‐ and cold‐wire sensitivity corrections for moments of the fine scale turbulence in heated flows

A method is presented for the correction of measured higher‐order moments of hot‐wire velocity and cold‐wire temperature signals for the respective parasitic sensitivities to temperature and velocity fluctuations. The method is applied to third‐order moments of time derivatives and higher‐order structure functions, 〈 (Δu)p(Δϑ)q) 〉, measured in a marine boundary layer, where u is the velocity, ϑ is the temperature, and Δu=u (x+r)−u (x). Corrections are less than 5% for 〈 (dϑ/dt)3〉, 7% for 〈 (dϑ/dt)2 (du/dt) 〉, over 200% for 〈 (dϑ/dt)(du/dt)2〉, and less than 0.1% for 〈 (du/dt)3〉. The dominant correction to the third‐order temperature moments arises from the velocity sensitivity of the cold wire whereas the dominant correction for the cross statistics was the temperature sensitivity of the hot wire.
Variable selection via penalized minimum φ-divergence estimation in logistic regression

We propose penalized minimum φ-divergence estimator for parameter estimation and variable selection in logistic regression. Using an appropriate penalty function, we show that penalized φ-divergence estimator has oracle property. With probability tending to 1, penalized φ-divergence estimator identifies the true model and estimates nonzero coefficients as efficiently as if the sparsity of the true model was known in advance. The advantage of penalized φ-divergence estimator is that it produces estimates of nonzero parameters efficiently than penalized maximum likelihood estimator when sample size is small and is equivalent to it for large one. Numerical simulations confirm our findings.
THE STRUCTURE OF STREAMER BLOBS

We have used Sun–Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation observations obtained from the STEREO A and B spacecraft to study complementary face-on and edge-on views of coronal streamers. The face-on views are analogous to what one might see looking down on a flat equatorial streamer belt at sunspot minimum, and show streamer blobs as diffuse arches gradually expanding outward from the Sun. With the passage of time, the legs of the arches fade, and the ejections appear as a series of azimuthal structures like ripples on a pond. The arched topology is similar to that obtained in face-on views of streamer disconnection events (including in/out pairs and streamer blowout mass ejections), and suggests that streamer blobs have the helical structure of magnetic flux ropes.
A three-dimensional singularly perturbed conservative system with symmetry breaking

In this paper we present an analysis of a three-dimensional singularly perturbed conservative system. We add a constant vector in the vector field to remove one of the symmetries in the system. Using the geometric argument, and a theorem which is derived from the implicit function theorem, we prove the existence of equilibria in the system and also derive some local bifurcations of these equilibria, i.e. saddle-node bifurcations. We also show that although we have two saddle-nodes in the system, the codimension-2 bifurcation called the cusp bifurcation is not possible. More sophisticated bifurcations, such as the Hopf bifurcation and the bifurcation of the created periodic solution are derived by using the numerical continuation software MATCONT. Following the periodic solution, we found a sequence of period-doubling bifurcations which leads to the existence of infinitely many periodic solutions. The coexistence of two attractors is an interesting phenomenon which is observed in this paper. Using asymptotic analysis, we discuss the dynamics in the neighborhood of a particular line in phase space at which the competition between these attractors takes place.