Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversidade e análise faunística de Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) em área de brejo e caatinga no Estado da Paraíba, Brasil

As comunidades de Sphingidae da area de brejo e area de caatinga foram estudadas com armadilhas luminosas, durante 12 meses (marco/2000 a fevereiro/2001), com o objetivo de conhecer a diversidade e estabelecer alguns parâmetros para o monitoramento dessas areas. Dezenove especies foram coletadas, sendo 15 na area de brejo e 14 na area de caatinga. Dez especies foram comuns as areas, 15 foram coletadas apenas no brejo e quatro na caatinga. Callionima grisescens elegans (Gehlen, 1935) foi a especie mais abundante nas duas areas. A distribuicao da abundância de especies no brejo segue o modelo log normal truncado. Na caatinga o padrao de distribuicao de abundância de especies nao foi discriminado pelo teste c2, embora evidencias indiretas indicam uma tendencia para o modelo serie log. Os parâmetros estruturais das assembleias foram estimados a partir de indices de diversidade. No brejo, enquanto a equitatividade foi maior, os indices de Shannon e Brillouin superam aqueles da caatinga. Nessa localidade, os indices de Simpson e Berger-Parker sao muito maior devido a uma maior dominância. A flutuacao populacional para ambas as assembleias, mostraram que suas populacoes sao afetadas pela distribuicao de chuvas durante o ano, ou mais precisamente, pelo periodo de reposicao de agua no solo, como demonstrado pelo balanco hidrico.
Cost Efficiency, Market Power, Solvency Risk, and Capital Adequacy for Listed Banks in Egypt

This research aims to investigate the stability of Egyptian banks’ performance by measuring causal interrelation measurements between efficiency, market power, banks risk-taking, and capital adequacy variables, which might help decision-makers in banking system to direct their efforts in handling them. The data are collected from Egyptian Information Dissemination for the period from 2013 to 2017 for both income statement and balance sheet. These data are utilized to estimate cost efficiency, market power and calculate the banks risk-taking by using Front 4.1 package and multi-regressions have been applied to measure the causal interrelation between the above-mentioned variables. The results show that Union National Bank Egypt and Export Development Bank have the highest cost efficiency. And, Union National Bank Egypt and Egyptian Gulf Bank have the highest market power, while Suez Canal Bank and Qatar National Bank Alahly have the lowest market power. But low standard deviation range show that there is no significant effort for enhancing neither cost efficiency nor market power. The regression analysis of causal interrelation shows that capital adequacy ratio significantly responds positively to market power and negatively to cost efficiency, as such risk-taking significantly responds positively to both cost efficiency and market power, while both capital adequacy ratio and risk-taking are not responding significantly to each other. And, cost efficiency significantly responds negatively to capital adequacy and positively to both market power and bank risk-taking, moreover market power significantly responds positively to capital adequacy and negatively to both cost efficiency and bank risk-taking. Most results are consistent with literature review except capital adequacy ratio and risk- taking is not responding significantly to each other this may be addressed by some of activated acts of law 88 year 2003 that limit risk-taking for many risk types.
Genetic Diversity Among Endangered Pony Breeds in India: Need forConservation

Demand of equines throughout the world has decreased during the last few decades mainly due to their lesser work utility. In India also, population of horse and pony breeds has also decreased continuously from 1.50 million to 6.10 million during the last five decade (Livestock Census 2007) which has placed all the four registered pony breeds, namely Zanskari, Spiti, Manipuri and Bhutia into endangered breed category [1]. Animals of each breed are available in small number in different pockets throughout their home tracts. Manipuri pony is believed to be the oldest pony breed in world to be used as “Polo Pony” and at present, its total population in its home tract is around 400 to 1218 only. Exact population of true to breed animals of this breed is not yet clear due to lack of proper breed recording system. Same is the fate of other pony breeds namely Zanskari, Bhutia and Spiti In their home tracts. These pony breeds have acquired some unique characteristics which have enabled them to adopt themselves in the harsh climate and difficult terrains in their home tracts. These ponies are known for their sturdiness, stamina, speed on hilly and difficult terrains, high disease resistance, surefooted animals, and used mainly for riding and as pack animals in cold hilly regions. Zanskari pony is considered the hardiest amongst all the pony breeds and can work in the extremes of altitude and temperature. In view of their unique characteristics, it is an important issue for conservation biologists to conserve these breeds as future requirements of these breeds is not known.
Effect of sowing rate and fertiliser application on yield of dwarf beans

Abstract A systematic plant-spacing design was used to examine the effect of sowing rate on dwarf beans. Yields at the second harvest were found to be substantially less than at the first harvest due to an attack of white mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary). Tne disease was more serious at high than at low plant densities. The reciprocal yield — density equation (when w is the yield per plant at density ρ, and A and B are constants representing the reciprocal of the yield potential of the environment, and the genotype potential respectively) was used to analyse the fertiliser-density responses, and a significant decreasing linear relationship was found between the A parameters and increasing fertiliser rate for both plant top weight and for bean weight. These results also suggest that the proportion of bean weight/total plant weight decreases with increasing fertiliser application. Fitting an allometric log plant weight (top) ∼ log bean weight relationship suggests that the ratio of beans to t.
The occurrence of the pandalid shrimp Heterocarpus abulbus Yang, Chan & Chu, 2010 (Decapoda, Caridea) in Japan

Heterocarpus abulbus Yang, Chan & Chu, 2010, was described on the basis of material collected from Taiwan and the Philippines at depths of 200-400 m. Yang et al. (2010) remarked that specimens referred to H. gibbosus Spence Bate, 1888 by Miyake (1998) might actually represent H. abulbus, although no voucher specimens from Japan were available to them for examination. Miyake’s (1982, 1991, 1998) records of H. gibbosus included specimens from Tosa Bay and off the Koshiki Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture. Otherwise there are no records of H. abulbus from Japanese waters. During ecological and fishery studies of deep-water shrimp in Kagoshima Bay, Kyushu, Japan, the junior author collected two specimens of an unfamiliar species of Heterocarpus. Detailed examination has revealed that these specimens represent H. abulbus, which confirms the occurrence of this species in Japanese waters. In this short article, we provide a brief description providing evidence for the identification. Specimens examined in this study are deposited in the Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba (CBM). The size of the specimens is indicated by postorbital carapace length (CL) measured from the level of the posterior margin of the orbit to the midpoint of the posterodorsal margin of the carapace.
Novas ocorrências de hepáticas (Marchantiophyta) para o estado da Bahia, Brasil

In Serra da Jiboia were recorded 13 species of new ocurrence wich are eight species from region Northeastern: Bazzania aurescens Spruce, Calypogeia peruviana Nees & Mont. , Cephalozia crassifolia (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Fulford, Lepidozia cupressina (Sw.) Lindenb. , Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) S.F. Gray, Plagiochilla diversifolia Lindenb. & Gottsche, Radula kegelli Gottsche ex Steph. and Riccardia fucoidea (Sw.) Schiffin. , and five are recorded for the first time from Bahia, State: Metzgeria albinea Spruce, Plagiochila gymnocalycina (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Mont. , P. simplex (Sw.) Lindenb. , Riccardia amazonica (Spruce) S.W. Arnell and Symphyogyna aspera Steph. from Bahia, State. For each specie are provided taxonomics and ecological comments, geographical general and in Brazil distribution, and indication of literature with description and ilustration. Some species were ilustrated.
Bonsai: High-Performance Adaptive Merge Tree Sorting

Sorting is a key computational kernel in many big data applications. Most sorting implementations focus on a specific input size, record width, and hardware configuration. This has created a wide array of sorters that are optimized only to a narrow application domain.In this work we show that merge trees can be implemented on FPGAs to offer state-of-the-art performance over many problem sizes. We introduce a novel merge tree architecture and develop Bonsai, an adaptive sorting solution that takes into consideration the off-chip memory bandwidth and the amount of on-chip resources to optimize sorting time. FPGA programmability allows us to leverage Bonsai to quickly implement the optimal merge tree configuration for any problem size and memory hierarchy.Using Bonsai, we develop a state-of-the-art sorter which specifically targets DRAM-scale sorting on AWS EC2 F1 instances. For 4-32 GB array size, our implementation has a minimum of 2.3x, 1.3x, 1.2x and up to 2.5x, 3.7x, 1.3x speedup over the best designs on CPUs, FPGAs, and GPUs, respectively. Our design exhibits 3.3x better bandwidth-efficiency compared to the best previous sorting implementations. Finally, we demonstrate that Bonsai can tune our design over a wide range of problem sizes(megabyte to terabyte) and memory hierarchies including DDR DRAMs, high-bandwidth memories (HBMs) and solid-state disks (SSDs).
Ultrastructure of the Spermatozoa and Spermatophores of the Zuwai Crab, Chionoecetes opilio (Majidae, Brachyura)

The fine structure of the spermatozoa and spermatophores of the zuwai crab, Chionoecetes opilio, was examined electron microscopically. The spermatophores embedded in the secretory droplets within the vasa deferentia showed a spherical structure with an extremely wrinkled envelope and contained numerous spermatozoa. The mature spermatozoa of this crab, similar to those of other brachyurans, were stellate in shape and had a globular acrosome surrounded by a cup-like nucleus with several radiating processes. The acrosome was ultrastructurally complex and its apical part was characterized by an electron-dense discoid structure, whereas its innermost part was occupied by an electron-lucent cylindrical structure containing assemblies of thin tubules and a reticular formation of electron-dense material. The cytoplasm interposed between the nucleus and acrosome was remarkably reduced in volume and displayed a membranous lamellar complex, few mitochondria, and a centriole. The nuclear chromatin was not condensed but represented by finely flocculent material. The morphological aspects of the zuwai crab spermatozoa are discussed in comparison with those of other decapod crustaceans.
Aspects of the reproductive biology of the bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. I. An histological and histochemical study of oocyte development

Histological and histochemical studies of oocyte development in the bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. , showed that three types of inclusions are formed during vitellogenesis. Lipid yolk accumulates first as lipid droplets, followed by protein yolk in the form of discrete protein yolk granules. The third type of inclusion are the small cortical alveoli (intravesicular yolk/yolk vesicles, i.e.‘carbohydrate yolk’) which form in the peripheral cytoplasm after both the lipid and protein yolk have started to accumulate. While the protein yolk granules maintain their structural integrity through to maturation, forming a densely packed zone in the mid-outer cortex, the lipid yolk droplets continually coalesce and migrate centripetally, forming a prominent zone of large lipid droplets in the inner-mid cortex. From the histological study of oocyte development, a number of distinct developmental stages are delineated, while gross examination of the paired ovary revealed that, depending on its stage of development, it can be placed into one of seven maturity stages.
A diametric mode of neuronal circuitry-neurogenesis coupling in the adult hippocampus via parvalbumin interneurons

Adult neurogenesis occurs within a specialized microenvironment (or niche), and is dynamically regulated by experience. However, the niche mechanism that couples neuronal circuitry activity to the production of new neurons is not well-understood. In our recent two studies published in Nature1 and Nature Neuroscience,2 we identified a novel niche mechanism involving parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons that couples local circuit activity to diametric regulation of the activation of quiescent neural stem cells (NSC) and the survival of their proliferating neural progeny, two critical early phases of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Using a combination of optogenetics, lineage-tracing of adult NSCs, and retroviral mediated approach for birthdating of neural progenitors, we demonstrated that activation of PV+ interneurons, but not somatostatin (SST+) or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP+) interneurons, suppresses the activation of quiescent NSCs, while simultaneously promotes the survival of proliferative newborn progeny in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. In this commentary, we review our findings and discuss a potential role for PV+ neuron-mediated GABA signaling as a key neuronal activity sensor that translates animal's experience into regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Epidemiological Aspects of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Children in Brazzaville

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Brazzaville, to describe the epidemiological characteristics of infected children and to identify the factors favoring contamination. Patients and Methods: cross-sectional and analytical study for seven months in health centers in Brazzaville, based on the detection of the fecal antigen of Helicobacter pylori by qualitative immunochromatography from the stools of children whose age was between 2 and 17 years old. Results: The prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection in children was 38.36%. The female sex was predominant with a sex ratio of 1.76. The mean age of the children was 8.4 ± 4.39 years (range: 2 and 17 years). Children living in district 3 (Poto-Poto) were the most infected (P <0,000). Children between 5 and 9 years of age and those with primary education were the most infected ((P <0.05). The factors favoring contamination of Hp infection were the place of residence (p = 0.00), the age between 5-9 years (P <0.05), the age of the guardian between 35-44 years (P <0.03), the traditional type of latrine (P <0.05), the absence of hand washing before and after meals and after going to the toilet (p <0.05). Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori infection is common in children in Brazzaville. It is mainly the prerogative of young children. Factors favouring contamination are place of residence, age between 5-9 years, guardian’s age, type of latrine and lack of hand washing.
The impact of COVID-19 on African American communities in the United States

Importance: The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), declared a pandemic in March 2020, may present with disproportionately higher rates in underrepresented racial/ethnic minority populations in the United States, including African American communities who have traditionally been over-represented in negative health outcomes. Study Objective: To understand the impact of the density of African American communities (defined as the percentage of African Americans in a county) on COVID-19 prevalence and death rate within the three most populous counties in each U.S. state and territory (n=152). Design: An ecological study using linear regression was employed for the study. Setting: The top three most populous counties of each U.S. state and territory were included in analyses for a final sample size of n=152 counties. Participants: Confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths that were accumulated between January 22, 2020 and April 12, 2020 in each of the three most populous counties in each U.S. state and territory were included. Main outcome measures: Linear regression was used to determine the association between African American density and COVID-19 prevalence (defined as the percentage of cases for the county population), and death rate (defined as number of deaths per 100,000 population). The models were adjusted for median age and poverty. Results: There was a direct association between African American density and COVID-19 prevalence; COVID-19 prevalence increased 5% for every 1% increase in county AA density (p<.01). There was also an association between county AA density and COVID-19 deaths, such; the death rate increased 2 per 100,000 for every percentage increase in county AA density (p=.02). Conclusion: These study findings indicate that communities with a high African American density have been disproportionately burdened with COVID-19. Further study is needed to indicate if this burden is related to environmental factors or individual factors such as types of employment or comorbidities that members of these community have.
Smearing orientifolds in flux compactifications can be OK

We present explicit examples of supergravity solutions corresponding to backreacting localised (non-intersecting) O6 planes in flux reductions of massive IIA supergravity and address some criticism towards the very existence of such solutions. We verify in detail how the smeared orientifold solution becomes a good approximation to the localised solution in the large volume/weak coupling limit, as expected. We also find an exotic solution where prior to backreaction the internal space has a boundary and when backreaction is included the boundary disappears and the space closes off. The exotic example is however outside of the supergravity approximation everywhere.
Are All Languages Created Equal in Multilingual BERT?

Multilingual BERT (mBERT) trained on 104 languages has shown surprisingly good cross-lingual performance on several NLP tasks, even without explicit cross-lingual signals. However, these evaluations have focused on cross-lingual transfer with high-resource languages, covering only a third of the languages covered by mBERT. We explore how mBERT performs on a much wider set of languages, focusing on the quality of representation for low-resource languages, measured by within-language performance. We consider three tasks: Named Entity Recognition (99 languages), Part-of-speech Tagging and Dependency Parsing (54 languages each). mBERT does better than or comparable to baselines on high resource languages but does much worse for low resource languages. Furthermore, monolingual BERT models for these languages do even worse. Paired with similar languages, the performance gap between monolingual BERT and mBERT can be narrowed. We find that better models for low resource languages require more efficient pretraining techniques or more data.
Learning to segment clustered amoeboid cells from brightfield microscopy via multi-task learning with adaptive weight selection

Detecting and segmenting individual cells from microscopy images is critical to various life science applications. Traditional cell segmentation tools are often ill-suited for applications in brightfield microscopy due to poor contrast and intensity heterogeneity, and only a small subset are applicable to segment cells in a cluster. In this regard, we introduce a novel supervised technique for cell segmentation in a multitask learning paradigm. A combination of a multi-task loss, based on the region and cell boundary detection, is employed for an improved prediction efficiency of the network. The learning problem is posed in a novel min-max framework which enables adaptive estimation of the hyper-parameters in an automatic fashion. The region and cell boundary predictions are combined via morphological operations and active contour model to segment individual cells. The proposed methodology is particularly suited to segment touching cells from brightfield microscopy images without manual interventions. Quantitatively, we observe an overall Dice score of 0.93 on the validation set, which is an improvement of over 15.9% on a recent unsupervised method, and outperforms the popular supervised U-net algorithm by at least 5.8% on average.
Phosphorus Enhanced Establishment, Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Productivity of Dalbergia sissoo Seedlings Maintained at Varying Soil Water Stress Levels in an Indian Arid Zone

We assessed interactive effects of varying levels of applied phosphorus fertilizer and water stress on growth, productivity, and mineral accumulation in container-grown Dalbergia sissoo L. seedlings. Height, collar diameter, leaf size and area, root volume and total biomass were reduced, and dry matter allocation to root was increased with increasing levels of soil water stress. The reduction was >32% in growth, >50% in leaf, and >77% in biomass when seedlings were grown with <50% of soil field capacity. Phosphorus application at the level of 10 mg kg−1 soil enhanced stems and leaf biomass and nutrient accumulation at all irrigation levels, and thus tolerance to drought. Phosphorus responses to growth and biomass production increased with irrigation levels. Thus, 20 mg P kg−1 soil is beneficial at sufficient soil water availability and a lower dose (i.e., 10 mg P kg−1) is recommended under high soil water stress conditions to benefit growth and productivity of D. sissoo.
Convergence in Total Variation of the Euler-Maruyama Scheme Applied to Diffusion Processes with Measurable Drift Coefficient and Additive Noise

We are interested in the Euler-Maruyama discretization of a stochastic differential equation in dimension $d$ with constant diffusion coefficient and bounded measurable drift coefficient. In the scheme, a randomization of the time variable is used to get rid of any regularity assumption of the drift in this variable. We prove weak convergence with order $1/2$ in total variation distance. When the drift has a spatial divergence in the sense of distributions with $\rho$-th power integrable with respect to the Lebesgue measure in space uniformly in time for some $\rho \ge d$, the order of convergence at the terminal time improves to $1$ up to some logarithmic factor. In dimension $d=1$, this result is preserved when the spatial derivative of the drift is a measure in space with total mass bounded uniformly in time. We confirm our theoretical analysis by numerical experiments.
A Prospective Comparative Study of the Bacterial Flora of the Vagina and Cervix in Non-Pregnant Women of Childbearing Age in Calabar, Nigeria.

A qualitative comparative study of the bacterial flora of the vagina and cervix of 90 non-pregnant women of childbearing age (18-35 years) in Calabar was undertaken. The study revealed that both aerobic and microaerophilic organisms as well as the strictly anaerobic bacteria constituted the microflora of the lower genital of this group of women. Of the 90 women sampled, Lactobacilli were the most frequently isolated organism in both the cervix and vagina, occurring in 62.2% and 75.6% and the samples respectively. Proteus species were the least in incidence, occurring in only 4% of either the cervical or vaginal specimens. The following pathogenic organisms were isolated in both the vagina and cervix: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Clostridium species and Beta-haemolytic Streptococci. In general, the same types of organisms were isolated in both the cervical and vaginal samples, although the incidence in the two sources varied. Mary Slessor Journal of Medicine Vol.3(2) 2003: 1-4