Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probing the Mechanism of Bubble Nucleation in and the Effect of Atmospheric Pressure on the Candy–Cola Soda Geyser

The so-called Diet Coke and Mentos experiment is initiated by dropping Mentos candies into a bottle of Diet Coke or other carbonated beverage. This causes the beverage to rapidly degas, causing foam to stream out of the bottle. Simple application of the gas laws leads to the straightforward prediction that ejection of greater foam volume is expected at lower atmospheric pressure. This hypothesis is bolstered when principles of bubble physics are taken into account. This hypothesis was tested and confirmed by monitoring the foam produced during the Diet Coke and Mentos experiment at various altitudes above sea level. Upon further application of the aforementioned principles, a relationship between degassing kinetics, beverage CO2 concentration, and the size of pores on the candy surface that serve as nucleation sites can be derived. Using this relationship and experimental measurements of degassing kinetics, students estimated that the nucleation sites on Mentos candies are on the order of 2–7 μm in dimension. Students in Physical Chemistry, General Chemistry, and nonmajors’ courses have found these experiments to be of great interest.
A NURBS-based finite element formulation for incompressible fluid dynamics and fluid-structure interaction with rigid bodies

A numerical investigation is performed here using a NURBS-based finite element formulation applied to classical Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) problems. Model capabilities related to refinement techniques are analyzed using a finite element formulation with NURBS (non uniform rational B-splines) basis functions, where B-splines and low-order Lagrangian elements can be considered as particular cases. An explicit two-step Taylor-Galerkin model is utilized for discretization of the fundamental flow equations and turbulence is considered using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and the Smagorinsky’s sub-grid scale model. FSI is considered using an ALE kinematic formulation and a conservative partitioned coupling scheme with rigid body approach for large rotations is adopted. CFD and FSI applications are analyzed to evaluate the accuracy associated with the different refinement procedures utilized. Results show that high order basis functions with appropriate refinement and non-uniform parameterization lead to better predictions, compared with low-order Lagrangian models.
A Housing First Model for Youth and its Relation to Social Integration

The present study explored how a Housing First for Youth intervention, working from an empowerment theory approach, influences the social integration of youth experiencing homelessness. This was done by contrasting between groups of individuals who either did or did not receive the intervention. The sample consisted of 86 youth in the city of Ottawa between the ages of 17-24 who were randomized into the intervention (n=44) or treatment as usual group (n=42). Quantitative data from baseline and 6-month follow-up were analyzed using the Community Integration Scale (CIS) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed an effect for time but not by study group in the MSPSS subscales and the CIS psychological subscale, but this effect disappeared when controlling for the country of birth variable. Baseline narrative interviews (n=20), which occurred during the first 13.5 months of the program, were analyzed for emergent themes related to social integration. Findings from narrative interviews demonstrated the complex ways youth exiting homelessness experience social integration including the importance of social support and feelings of membership, and a lack of knowledge of resources in the community to support physical integration. By using a mixed-methods approach, study findings revealed that a greater emphasis on social support and addressing knowledge gaps on how to integrate physically into the community may be beneficial for the first year after youth exit homelessness due to the tendency for feelings of isolation and loneliness to occur during this time period. Future implications for the study include following the effects of the intervention on social integration over the 2-year mark due to the nature of social integration, which is not a rapid or linear process. SOCIAL INTEGRATION IN A HOUSING FIRST MODEL FOR YOUTH 3
Riesgo suicida asociado a bullying y depresión en escolares de secundaria

Introduction: Suicide risk is increasingly common among children and adolescents. There are no current and local studies of this reality in northern Peru. The objective was to determine whether suicide risk was associated with bullying and depression in high school students. Patients and Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in a city in northern Peru, using validated surveys to measure suicide risk, bullying and depression. Statical association data were obtained using generalized linear models. Results: Out of 289 schoolchildren, 20% was at suicide risk and had some type of depression. Among those on the upper tertile of the bullying scale, 38% had suicidal ideation, while those who were depressed, 63% had suicidal ideation. The frequency of suicide risk increased as a result of bullying score (aPR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.13-2.99, p value = 0.015), being depressed (aPR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.69-6.51, p value < 0.001), family history of suicide (aPR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.55-2.56, p value < 0.001), the passive desire to die (aPR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.86-2.61, p value < 0.001), have planned suicide at some point (aPR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.60-2.64; p value < 0.001) and study in a private school (aPR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.14-1.18, p value < 0.001); adjusted by gender and school location. Conclusion: Mental health of schoolchildren was involved in many aspects, several of them associated with a higher frequency of suicide risk.
Adherence to guidelines: primary prevention with aspirin in 1125 medical check-up participants

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and to apply the current recommendations on aspirin use for primary prevention in Korean participants undergoing a medical check-up. Methods: Adults aged 50 to 69 years were eligible for the study if they did not have a history of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) or stroke. The 10-year CVD risk was calculated using the ASCVD risk estimator (http://tools.acc.org/ ASCVD-Risk-Estimator). Results: A total of 1125 participants were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 57 years, and 32% of the participants were women. Based on the 2016 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations, aspirin was indicated in 266 (23.6%) participants but only 44 (3.9%) participants were taking aspirin regularly. Among these participants, aspirin was prescribed appropriately in 36% of the participants, suggesting that only 6% of the participants were taking aspirin appropriately and 3.3% of the participants were taking aspirin inappropriately. Logistic regression analysis showed that treatment for hypertension was significantly associated with taking aspirin (odds ratio 7.49; 95% confidence interval
A Case of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Mimicking Variant Form

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, rapid, and progressive fatal human prion disease, affecting annually 1-2 persons per million worldwide. In addition to abnormal protein accumulation, CJD is characterized by neuronal loss, gliosis, and spongioform changes. CJD is classified as sporadic, genetic, iatrogenic, and variant CJD (1). In this report, we will discuss a patient on phenotypic expression of sporadic and variant CJD.
A Comparative study on Glucose Levels in Serum and Saliva of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Individuals at Mullana Area

The present study intends to compare and correlate serum & salivary glucose level in healthy & diabetic individuals. A total of 500 subjects were examined, of which 429 were healthy & 71 were confirmed diabetics. Post–prandial blood and salivary samples were analyzed. Mann-Whitney test using Pearson correlation was applied, which was statistically significant (P < .001). To conclude, glucose concentration in saliva is higher in diabetics than in healthy individuals. Moreover the changes in serum glucose concentration are followed by the changes in salivary glucose concentration. Thus saliva can be used as an adjunct diagnostic tool in diabetes mellitus.
Clinical Outcome and Prognostic Factors in Iranian Breast Cancer Patients After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Comparative Matched Study

Background: Breastcanceristhemostfrequentdiagnosedsolidcancerwiththeincidencerateof 32patientsin100,000amongIra-nian women. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced breast cancer, which was recently introduced for early stage disease to achieve breast preservation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of local recurrence, distant recurrence, breast cancer mortality, ﬁve years disease free survival (DFS) and ﬁve years overall survival (OS) in patients with breast cancer after NAC and to compare these factors with patients, who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Inthiscrosssectionalstudy,188patientswithstageItoIIIbreastcancer,whoreceivedNAC(groupA),and376patientswith breast cancer, who received adjuvant chemotherapy (group B), were selected and matched based on a time- stratiﬁed 2:1 approach between October 2002 and December 2014. Their clinical-pathological proﬁle and survival study were compared. Results: Themeanageof patientswas48.23yearsingroupAand48. 76yearsingroupB.Themedianfollow-uptimewas52months. IngroupAandgroupB,13.1% and7.7% of thepatientshadlocalrecurrenceduringtheﬁveyearsof followup,respectively(P< 0.001). In group A and group B, ﬁve years PFS rate and ﬁve years OS rate was 66% and 70%, and 81.8% and 82.6%, respectively. According to log-rank test analysis, there was no signiﬁcant diﬀerence between two groups as ﬁve years DFS and ﬁve years OS (P = 0.058 and P = 0.98, respectively). Conclusions: This study showed that higher frequency of local recurrence in NAC group than adjuvant chemotherapy group was not associated with any signiﬁcant increase in distant recurrence or breast cancer mortality. Longer follow-up time of the patients to compare survival between two groups is recommended.
COUNTERREGULATORY EFFECTS OF PTX3 ON INFLAMMATION AND CELLULAR AGING

COUNTERREGULATORY EFFECTS OF PTX3 ON INFLAMMATION AND CELLULAR AGING By Aaron L. Slusher, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2018 Director: Edmund O. Acevedo, Ph.D. Professor, Associate Dean for Graduate Studies and Strategic Initiatives College of Humanities and Sciences Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a vital regulator of innate immune function that has been shown to counterregulate pro-inflammatory signaling and protect against the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Less is known about how PTX3 may mitigate against CVD risk by regulating the pro-inflammatory response at the cellular level. Therefore, this dissertation details four manuscripts which aimed to examine the capacity of PTX3 to regulate the innate immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy adults. Manuscript 1 examined the capacity of PTX3 to alter the inflammatory milieu following in vitro stimulation of isolated PBMCs with the pro-inflammatory lipid palmitate. In addition, Manuscript 2 sought to examine how participation in acute exercise, a powerful anti-inflammatory behavior that reduces CVD risk, alters the inflammatory phenotype and response of mononuclear cells following ex vivo stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Manuscript 3 aimed to further elucidate the potential impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the capacity of PTX3 to stimulate an innate immune response prior to and immediately following acute exercise in aerobically trained and untrained individuals. Finally, Manuscript 4 investigated the impact of healthy aging on plasma PTX3 concentrations and its relationship with telomere length in middle-aged compared to young adults. The capacity of isolated PBMCs to express a key cellular mechanism involved in maintaining longer telomere lengths, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), following cellular stimulation with LPS, PTX3, and PTX3+LPS was also examined to address a mechanism that might explain how persistent exposure of circulating immune cells to the age-related proinflammatory milieu contributes to the shortening of telomere lengths.
Nerve conduction patterns in Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with zika virus infection in Cucuta, Colombia

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with an increased incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) but the relative frequency of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) and axonal GBS subtypes is controversial. Methods: Twenty-three GBS patients diagnosed according to Brighton criteria during the ZIKV outbreak in Cucuta, Colombia, were evaluated clinically and electrophysiologically. Electrodiagnosis of GBS subtypes was made according to a recently described criteria set that proved to have a high diagnostic accuracy on the basis of a single test. The electrophysiological features of 34 Italian AIDP patients were used as control. Results: All patients had symptoms compatible with ZIKV infection before the onset of the GBS and the diagnosis of ZIKV infection was confirmed in 69.5 % of patients. Median time from onset of ZIKV infection symptoms to onset of GBS was 6 days (interquartile range, 6-14 days). Cranial nerve palsy was present in 82.6% of patients, facial palsy in 65.2%, autonomic dysfunction in 69.5%, and 43.4% of patients required mechanical ventilation. AIDP was diagnosed in 73.9% of patients. About 50% of nerves of the AIDP patients showed a prevalent demyelinating distal involvement but this pattern was not different from Italian AIDP patients without ZIKV infection. Conclusions: GBS associated with ZIKV infection is clinically characterized by a high frequency of cranial nerve involvement, autonomic dysfunction and necessity of mechanical ventilation indicating an aggressive and severe course. AIDP is the most frequent electrophysiological subtype. Demyelination is prevalently distal but this pattern is not specific of ZIKV infection.
Detachment of Porites cylindrica nubbins by herbivorous fishes

A form of active restoration for coral assemblages involves culturing coral nubbins at nursery sites before transplantation to recipient reefs. Incidental grazing and/or directed predation by local fish assemblages are major sources of dislodgement and mortality for coral nubbins in nurseries. However, the rate of coral nubbin detachment, how this varies across fish taxa, and whether nubbin size affects rates of detachment warrant further investigation. We used field and aquaria experiments to examine the effect of incidental grazing and predation on the detachment of Porites cylindrica nubbins of different sizes (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm height). Short‐term (6 hours) exposure of nubbins to local fish assemblages at Lucero Reef, northwestern Philippines, caused higher detachment (1.93% ± 0.53 SE) compared to caged controls (0.16% ± 0.16 SE), with no detectable effect of nubbin size. To identify the impact of individual fish species, nubbins were exposed to one of four locally abundant herbivorous and corallivorous fish species in aquaria for 8 hours. Nubbin detachment was greater when exposed to Chlorurus spilurus (1.20–36.2%) and Siganus fuscescens (0.00–15.0%) than Chaetodon lunulatus (0.00–4.00%) and Chaetodon kleinii (0.00–1.20%), with the smallest nubbins (0.5 cm) being the most vulnerable. Our results suggest that incidental grazing by herbivorous fishes, especially parrotfishes, may potentially be an important source of detachment and likely mortality of nubbins. Optimizing coral nursery protocols should consider potential trade‐offs between excluding grazing fishes and the accumulation of algal material on caging structures to minimize nubbin mortality and improve coral restoration success.
Ethics at the Intersection of Crisis Translation and Humanitarian Innovation

Language and its translation are important operational concerns in humanitarian crisis response. Information sharing, coordination, collaboration and relationship-building all revolve around the ability to communicate effectively. However, doing so is hampered in many humanitarian crises by linguistic differences and a lack of access to adequate translation. Various innovative practices and products are being developed and deployed with the goal of addressing these concerns. In this theoretical paper, we critically appraise the ethical terrain of crisis translation and humanitarian innovation. We identify ethical issues related to three broad themes. First, we foreground questions of justice in access to translation and its prioritisation in contexts of widespread and pressing needs. Second, we consider the relationship between humanitarian ethics and the ethics of crisis translation. We argue for the importance of attending to epistemic justice in humanitarian crisis response, and consider how Ricoeur’s conception of linguistic hospitality provides insights into how relationships in humanitarian settings can be understood through the lens of an ethics of exchange while also acknowledging the steep asymmetries that often exist in these contexts. Finally, we identify issues related to how translation innovations intersect with humanitarian values and humanitarians’ ethical commitments.
The Economic Evaluation in Vaccines - A Systematic Review in Vietnam Situation

Background: Along with economic crisis, the budget for research is also affected. Systematic review of outcome measurement instrument is a method for choosing researches and articles for our research and practice. It provides evidences to make sure that our research will useful. Besides that, economic evaluation is a new approach to help policy maker giving affordable decision to invest in health sector. Our purpose was defined and summarize the status of economic evaluations of vaccines and to find out the new trend in economic evaluation of vaccines in the future in Vietnam. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted in some database such as MEDLINE, SCOPUS, COCHRANCE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR between May 26th, 2016 and June 16th, 2016. The quality of reviews was assessed by using a specific checklist. Abstracts and titles are read firstly to eliminate articles are not related with our topic. Results: A total of six articles were included. These articles focus on three vaccines: rotavirus, typhoid VI and human papillomavirus vaccine. In there, only rotavirus vaccine is cost-effectiveness. The target population is children and women. These articles using mathematic model based on decision tree and Markov model are the method to approach. Conclusion: Economic evaluation is a new area in Vietnam, it need to pay attention to research and develop to control the investment effectively. It is important to be aware of methodology and interpretation of results because of affecting to decision of policy maker and also affecting in national expanded program in immunization on adding new good vaccines.
Anaesthetic management in Wilson's disease with severe neuropsychiatric manifestations

A 15 year-old girl presented with acute psychosis, seizures and right shoulder dislocation with an overlying abscess. The symptomatology was diagnosed to be due to Wilson’s disease. The anaesthetic management and postoperative analgesia was a challenging task in presence of hepatic and acute neurological dysfunction as well as difficulty in pain assessment. There are only a few reported cases of anaesthetic management in patients with Wilson’s disease with severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. This case portrays the safe use of both general and regional anaesthesia in such a patient.
Mutual intercropping affects selenium uptake of eggplant seedlings

ABSTRACT To study the effects of mutual intercropping on selenium (Se) accumulation in three different varieties of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), seedlings of three eggplant varieties (red, green, and black) were intercropped with various combinations in soil containing Se. The seedlings’ growth, physiology, and Se accumulation characteristics were compared. The biomass of red eggplant was increased by intercropping with black eggplant and by the three-varieties intercropping treatment. Other treatments decreased or did not significantly affect the biomass of the three eggplant varieties. The contents of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylls, and carotenoids), activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase), and soluble protein contents of the three eggplant varieties seedlings almost showed the same trends among the mutual intercropping treatments. Compared with the respective monocultures, intercropping of red and green eggplant increased the Se content in green eggplant seedlings; intercropping of red and black eggplant increased the Se content in black eggplant seedlings; intercropping of green and black eggplant increased the Se content in green eggplant seedlings; and intercropping of all three varieties increased Se contents in red and black eggplant seedlings. The correlation analysis indicated that the Se content had no significant correlation with other items. Therefore, mutual intercropping can promote the Se absorption of eggplant seedlings to some extent, and maybe a useful cultivation strategy for eggplant.
The comparison of two protocol of resistance exercise on upper and lowerbody muscles strength

The objective of this study is to compare two common ways of training including weight training and elastic bandweight training in enhancing the upper and lower body parts. Thirty young untrained men (with the age, height, weight and body fat mass of 22.1±2.4 yr,174.8±4.1 cm, 72.2 ± 3.1and %18.2± 1.3respectively) were randomly divided into two groups training with free weight (WT) and elastic band-free weight (BWT). They started their eight weeks training with70-80% of one repetition maximum (1RM)and 6-10 repetitions. Their level of strength in exercises like bench press, triceps curl, shoulder press and squat were measured before and after these eight weeks, after that the acquired measures were assessed through T statistics which revealed a considerable amount α≤ 0.05. Both groups underwent a distinctive change in their strength level in the aforementioned exercises (%22.51 increase in group WT and %23.56 in group BWT),although the difference was not significant. These results showed that the improvement in strength levels for untrained men through weight training or the band-free weight are the same so it is recommended for the beginners to start with the free weights.