Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bucharest cultural heritage through the eyes of social media users

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the use of social media to underline the tourism cultural heritage of Bucharest. The authors examine the history of the city, dating back from its settlement during the Ottoman Empire and passing through a series of radical changes: the period of Phanariot rulers, the golden age as the “Little Paris” of the Balkans, the Communist period, and the current democratic regime. The paper is based on the reviews’ study from the Tripadvisor.com platform and investigates tourists’ emotions during their travel experiences. Sentiment analysis of Bucharest as a tourist attraction was developed based on the emotion criteria (anger, anticipation, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise, trust). The findings revealed that visitors have favourable emotional responses towards the tourist attractions.
PREDICTION OF SELF-ABSORPTION IN OPPOSED FLOW DIFFUSION AND PARTIALLY PREMIXED FLAMES USING A WEIGHTED SUM OF GRAY GASES MODEL (WSGGM)-BASED SPECTRAL MODEL

A weighted sum of gray gases model (WSGGM)-based low-resolution spectral model for calculating radiation transfer in combustion gases is applied to estimate self-absorption of radiation energy in one-dimensional opposed-flow flames. Development of such a model is necessary in order to enable detailed chemistry-radiation interaction calculations including self-absorption. A database of band model parameters which can be applied to various one-dimensional opposed-flow diffusion and partially premixed flames is created. This in-situ flame property-based database is necessary for the application of the WSGGM to real flames, since previously developed databases were only for homogeneous and isothermal radiation paths. For the validation of the model and database, low-resolution spectral intensities leaving the flat flame in a direction normal to the fuel exit plane are calculated and compared with the results of a narrow-band model based on the Curtis-Godson approximation. Good agreement has been found between them. The resulting radiation model is coupled to the OPPDIF code to calculate the self-absorption of radiant energy and compared with the results of an optically thin calculation and the results of a discrete ordinates calculation in conjunction with the statistical narrow-band model. Significant self-absorption of radiation is found for the flames considered here, particularly on the fuel side of the reaction zone. However, the self-absorption does not have significant effects on the flame structure in this case. Even in the cases of low-velocity diffusion flame and a partially premixed flame having a low equivalence ratio, the effects of self-absorption of radiation on the flame temperature and the production of minor species are not significant.
Lie Theory and Control Systems Defined on Spheres

We show in this paper that in constructing a theory for the most elementary class of control problems defined on spheres, some results from Lie theory play a natural role. In particular to understand controllability, optimal control, and certain properties of stochastic equations, Lie theoretic ideas are needed. The framework considered here is probably the most natural departure from the usual linear system/vector space problems which have dominated the control systems literature. For this reason our results are compared with those previously available for the finite-dimensional vector space case.
Collaborative translation of Wikipedia: with whom do trainee translators collaborate and for what purpose?

ABSTRACT This study aims to establish a model of collaboration that illustrates the various channels of collaboration that (trainee) translators go through in the course of translation, who they collaborate with, and why they choose to do so. To this end, it draws on an in-depth analysis of 21 medium-length Wikipedia articles translated by undergraduate English/Arabic translation students at Sultan Qaboos University, the Wikipedia ‘talk’ pages of the articles, and the reflective journals kept by the students. The study sets up a model of collaboration in which the translator collaborates with Wikipedia editors, translators, and subject-matter experts for the purpose of producing their translation. The model outlines the aspects of language and translation wherein translators seek collaboration for such Wikipedia article style and formatting and terminology clarification. The study also aims to determine what the students have learned and/or gained from their collaborative experience. The results illustrate that engaging students in discussing translation and language choices with the above-mentioned collaborators can help them produce better translations.
First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: radio haloes and magnetic fields

We introduce the IllustrisTNG project, a new suite of cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations performed with the moving-mesh code AREPO employing an updated Illustris galaxy formation model. Here we focus on the general properties of magnetic fields and the diffuse radio emission in galaxy clusters. Magnetic fields are prevalent in galaxies, and their build-up is closely linked to structure formation. We find that structure formation amplifies the initial seed fields ($10^{-14}$ comoving Gauss) to the values observed in low-redshift galaxies ($1-10\,\mu{\rm G}$). The magnetic field topology is closely connected to galaxy morphology such that irregular fields are hosted by early-type galaxies, while large-scale, ordered fields are present in disc galaxies. Using two simple models for the energy distribution of relativistic electrons we predict the diffuse radio emission of $280$ clusters with a baryonic mass resolution of $1.1\times 10^{7}\,{\rm M_{\odot}}$, and generate mock observations for VLA, LOFAR, ASKAP and SKA. Our simulated clusters show extended radio emission, whose detectability correlates with their virial mass. We reproduce the observed scaling relations between total radio power and X-ray emission, $M_{500}$, and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich $Y_{\rm 500}$ parameter. The radio emission surface brightness profiles of our most massive clusters are in reasonable agreement with VLA measurements of Coma and Perseus. Finally, we discuss the fraction of detected extended radio haloes as a function of virial mass and source count functions for different instruments. Overall our results agree encouragingly well with observations, but a refined analysis requires a more sophisticated treatment of relativistic particles in large-scale galaxy formation simulations.
Snapper: a high-sensitive algorithm to detect methylation motifs based on Oxford Nanopore reads

The Oxford Nanopore technology has a great potential for the analysis of genome methylation, including full-genome methylome profiling. However, there are certain issues while identifying methylation motif sequences caused by low sensitivity of the currently available motif enrichment algorithms. Here, we present Snapper, a new highly-sensitive approach to extract methylation motif sequences based on a greedy motif selection algorithm. Snapper has shown higher enrichment sensitivity compared with the MEME tool coupled with Tombo or Nanodisco instruments, which was demonstrated on H. pylori strain J99 studied earlier using the PacBio technology. In addition, we used Snapper to characterize the total methylome of a new H.pylori strain A45. The analysis revealed the presence of at least 4 methylation sites that have not been described for H. pylori earlier. We experimentally confirmed a new CCAG-specific methyltransferase and indirectly inferred a new CCAAK-specific methyltransferase.
Coherent phonons in a 
Bi2Se3
 film generated by an intense single-cycle THz pulse

We report an observation of coherent phonons of ${E}_{g}^{1}, {E}_{u}^{1}, {A}_{1g}^{1}$, and ${E}_{g}^{2}$ symmetry generated in a single-crystal film of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ by an intense single-cycle THz pulse. The atomic vibrations reveal themselves through periodic modulation of the refractive index of the film. The largest signal is detected at the frequency of 4.05 THz that corresponds to the ${E}_{g}^{2}$ mode. The generation of ${E}_{g}^{2}$ phonons is interpreted as resonant excitation of the Raman mode by the second harmonic of THz-driven nonlinear ${E}_{u}^{1}$ oscillator, the fundamental frequency of which (2.05 THz) is approximately half that of ${E}_{g}^{2}$. The origin of nonlinearity in this case is cubic lattice anharmonicity, while generation of ${E}_{g}^{1}$ (1.1 THz) and ${A}_{1g}^{1}$ (2.25 THz) phonons is a manifestation of quartic anharmonicity enhanced by the occasional combination relations between phonon frequencies in ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$.
Absence of long-range order in the frustrated magnet SrDy 2 O 4 due to trapped defects from a dimensionality crossover

Magnetic frustration and low dimensionality can prevent long range magnetic order and lead to exotic correlated ground states. SrDy$_2$O$_4$ consists of magnetic Dy$^{3+}$ ions forming magnetically frustrated zig-zag chains along the c-axis and shows no long range order to temperatures as low as $T=60$ mK. We carried out neutron scattering and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements using powder and single crystals of SrDy$_2$O$_4$. Diffuse neutron scattering indicates strong one-dimensional (1D) magnetic correlations along the chain direction that can be qualitatively accounted for by the axial next-nearest neighbour Ising (ANNNI) model with nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor exchange $J_1=0.3$ meV and $J_2=0.2$ meV, respectively. Three-dimensional (3D) correlations become important below $T^*\approx0.7$ K. At $T=60$ mK, the short range correlations are characterized by a putative propagation vector $\textbf{k}_{1/2}=(0,\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2})$. We argue that the absence of long range order arises from the presence of slowly decaying 1D domain walls that are trapped due to 3D correlations. This stabilizes a low-temperature phase without long range magnetic order, but with well-ordered chain segments separated by slowly-moving domain walls.
The Properties of Reconnection Current Sheets in GRMHD Simulations of Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flows

Non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects may play a significant role in determining the dynamics, thermal properties, and observational signatures of radiatively inefficient accretion flows onto black holes. In particular, particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection events may influence black hole spectra and flaring properties. We use representative general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of black hole accretion flows to identify and explore the structures and properties of current sheets as potential sites of magnetic reconnection. In the case of standard and normal evolution (SANE) disks, we find that in the reconnection sites, the plasma beta ranges from 0.1 to 1000, the magnetization ranges from 10−4 to 1, and the guide fields are weak compared with the reconnecting fields. In magnetically arrested (MAD) disks, we find typical values for plasma beta from 10−2 to 103, magnetizations from 10−3 to 10, and typically stronger guide fields, with strengths comparable to or greater than the reconnecting fields. These are critical parameters that govern the electron energy distribution resulting from magnetic reconnection and can be used in the context of plasma simulations to provide microphysics inputs to global simulations. We also find that ample magnetic energy is available in the reconnection regions to power the fluence of bright X-ray flares observed from the black hole in the center of the Milky Way.
A pan-cancer interrogation of intronic polyadenylation and its association with cancer characteristics

mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation is an integral 2-step process in the generation of protein-encoding mRNA or noncoding transcripts. More than 60% of human genes have multiple polyadenylation sites either in the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR-APA) or in the intronic/exonic region, resulting in expression of isoforms with alternative polyadenylation (APA) under different physiologic conditions. The 3’UTR-APAs have been extensively studied, but the biology of intronic polyadenylations (IPA) remain largely unexplored. Here we characterized the IPA profiles of 9,679 patient samples across 32 cancer types from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Overall, we identified 22,260 detectable IPA sites; 9,014 (40.5%) occurred in all 32 cancer types and 11,676 (52.5%) occurred in 2 to 31 cancer types. By comparing tumors and their paired normal tissues, we identified 180 to 4,645 dysregulated IPAs in 132 to 2,249 genes in each of 690 patient tumors from 22 cancer types that showed consistent patterns within individual cancer types. Furthermore, across all cancer types, IPA isoforms and their gene regulation showed consistent pan-cancer patterns, and cancer types with similar histologic features were clustered at higher levels of hierarchy. We selected 2,741 genes that were consistently regulated by IPAs across cancer types, including 1,834 pan-cancer tumor-enriched and 907 tumor-depleted IPA genes. Pan-cancer tumor-enriched IPA genes were amply represented in the functional pathways such as cilium assembly and DNA damage repair. Expression of IPA isoforms in DNA damage repair genes was associated with tumor mutation burdens. Expression of IPA isoforms of tumor-enriched IPA genes was also associated with patient characteristics (e.g., sex, race, cancer stages, and subtypes) in cancer-specific and feature-specific manners. Importantly, IPA isoform expression for some genes could be a more accurate prognostic marker than gene expression (summary of all possible isoforms). In summary, our study reveals the roles and the clinical relevance of tumor-associated IPAs in cancer.
Release site plasticity via Unc13A regulatory domains mediates synaptic short-term facilitation and homeostatic potentiation

Chemical synaptic transmission relies on neurotransmitter release from presynaptic release sites and on transmitter-sensing by the postsynaptic cell. Presynaptic plasticity increasing neurotransmitter release achieves two fundamental nervous system functions: It tunes some synapses to be more responsive to millisecond repetitive activation and it maintains signals when postsynaptic transmitter sensitivity is reduced. How enhanced neurotransmitter release is achieved in these phenomena, termed short-term facilitation and homeostatic potentiation, remains unknown. We combine mathematical modeling and experimental analysis of Drosophila neuromuscular junction model synapses to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these forms of plasticity. Our results indicate that both phenomena depend on a rapid increase in the participation of neurotransmitter release sites which is controlled by the regulatory domains of the evolutionarily conserved (M)Unc13A protein that bind Ca2+/Calmodulin and diacylglycerol. Mutation of the Calmodulin binding (CaM) domain increased baseline transmission and impaired both short-term facilitation and acute homeostatic potentiation. Mathematical modeling indicated that these defects result from too many release sites participating at rest combined with the inability to plastically further increase their number. Super-resolution microscopy revealed that this coincided with a redistribution of Unc13A’s functionally essential MUN domain closer to the synaptic plasma membrane, which may constitute the molecular switch to increase release site participation. Similar consequences (enhanced baseline transmission, block of both short-term facilitation and homeostatic potentiation) were caused by the acute pharmacological activation of the C1 domain of wildtype Unc13A using phorbol esters. This treatment had no effect on Unc13A CaM domain mutants, indicating that both the CaM and C1 domains activate a binary release site switch. Thus, our findings indicate that Unc13A regulatory domains are tuned to integrate a multitude of signals on various timescales to switch release site participation for synaptic plasticity.
Assessment of Major Wetlands’ Current Situation and Their Contribution To Livelihood Improvement, South Wollo, Ethiopia

to assess the status of the and their to the of communities in Wollo of Regional in in Wollo with wetland potential selected purposely in with Agricultural Ofce experts. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 114 respondents living around the wetlands for interview. In addition to this, three focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted to gather data focused on types of wetlands, major provisioning ecosystem services, and major threats to wetlands. In the study area, 9 natural and 3 manmade major wetlands were identifed. Tese wetlands have provisioning ecosystem services such as food production; source of grasses for animal feed; ceremonial activities; roof making and handicrafts; and water for drinking, livestock watering, and irrigation which are the major sources of livelihoods. Tough these wetlands have important roles in livelihood, they are highly afected by settlement, conversion for agriculture, overgrazing, excessive deforestation, sand mining, pollution, invasive species, and climate change. Terefore, wetland management intervention plan should be prepared and implemented through a community-based restoration approach.
Measurement of the liquid argon energy response to nuclear and electronic recoils

A liquid argon time projection chamber, constructed for the Argon Response to Ionization and Scintillation (ARIS) experiment, is exposed to the highly collimated and quasimonoenergetic LICORNE neutron beam at the Institut de Physique Nucleaire d’Orsay (IPNO) in order to study the scintillation response to nuclear and electronic recoils. An array of liquid scintillator detectors, arranged around the apparatus, tag scattered neutrons and select nuclear recoil energies in the [7, 120] keV energy range. The relative scintillation efficiency of nuclear recoils is measured to high precision at null field, and the ion-electron recombination probability is extracted for a range of applied electric fields. Single-scattered Compton electrons, produced by gammas emitted from the deexcitation of Li*7 in coincidence with the beam pulse, along with calibration gamma sources, are used to extract the recombination probability as a function of energy and electron drift field. The ARIS results are compared with three recombination probability parametrizations (Thomas-Imel, Doke-Birks, and PARIS), allowing for the definition of a fully comprehensive model of the liquid argon response to nuclear and electronic recoils down to the few-keV range. The constraints provided by ARIS to the liquid argon response at low energy allow the reduction of systematics affecting the sensitivity of dark matter search experiments based on liquid argon.
Multilayer Structure in SeAsGeSi-based OTS for High Thermal Stability and Reliability Enhancement

In this paper, we present an innovative Multilayer SeAsGeSi-based Ovonic Threshold Switching (OTS) Selector targeting high reliability for Crossbar arrays. We compare our Multilayer (ML) OTS with SeAsGeSi-based bulk alloy (SAGS). We demonstrate the high thermal stability of the ML stack against the Back-End-of-Line (BEOL) thermal budget as well as the reduction of the device-to-device variability and reliable switching operations up to 300°C. We study by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy the integrity of the ML OTS material after an annealing of 3 hours at 400° C. SeAsGeSi Multilayer OTS delays crystallization mechanism along cycling. We finally report the successful co-integration of our ML with Phase-Change Memory technology.
Brain Computer Interface: Deep Learning Approach to Predict Human Emotion Recognition

Brain-Computer Interfaces allow controlling machines through signals coming from Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis. Nowadays, there are several cheap electroencephalographs available on the market that guarantee good quality EEG signals. A very interesting approach in this area is related to detecting the emotional states of a user through the analysis of her EEG signal. In our study, we tried to detect the emotional polarity (Valence), the state of emotional excitement (Arousal), and the level of emotion control (Dominance). Through metric interpolation and Russell’s circumplex model, it is possible to characterize and define the current emotional state of the user who wears the device. Our study presents a prototype of an EEG-based emotion recognizer that provides the user’s emotional state exploitable as bio-feedback.
Electromagnetic turbulence suppression by energetic particle driven modes

In recent years, a strong reduction of plasma turbulence in the presence of energetic particles has been reported in a number of magnetic confinement experiments and corresponding gyrokinetic simulations. While highly relevant to performance predictions for burning plasmas, an explanation for this primarily nonlinear effect has so far remained elusive. A thorough analysis finds that linearly marginally stable energetic particle driven modes are excited nonlinearly, depleting the energy content of the turbulence and acting as an additional catalyst for energy transfer to zonal modes (the dominant turbulence saturation channel). Respective signatures are found in a number of simulations for different JET and ASDEX Upgrade discharges with reduced transport levels attributed to energetic ion effects.
UWB Aided Mobile Robot Localization with Neural Networks and the EKF*

This paper exploits the use of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology to improve the localization of robots in both indoor and outdoor environments. In order to efficiently integrate the UWB technology in existing multi-sensor architectures, such as Kalman-based, we propose two approaches to estimate the UWB position covariance values. The first approach uses statistical methods to estimate static covariance values based on data acquired a priori. The second approach adopts a neural network (NN) to capture the relationship between the positional error of the UWB data and the signal quality information, such as the Estimate Of Precision (EOP) and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). The GPS-RTK is used as ground truth and RGB-D odometry is adopted for both bench-marking and integration purposes. Position sources are fused by means of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Real world experiments are conducted with a tracked mobile robot driving outdoors in a closed-loop trajectory. Results show that the NN is able to efficiently model the sensor covariances and adapt the trustworthiness of the EKF estimation, overcoming data loss by relying on the other available estimation source.
Thermal Sensing Performances of Thin-Film Lateral PiN Diodes at 80 K and 300 K

The thermometric behavior of lateral 50-nm Silicon-On-Insulator PiN diodes are studied from ambient to liquid-nitrogen temperature. Prototypes were manufactured and their experimental performances are compared to theoretical models. Thanks to a temperature sensitivity reaching 25%/K and a low noise level at 80 K, a minimum thermal resolution of 0.1 mK is obtained. Such diodes represent an attractive solution for high performance thermal sensing in bolometric detectors.