Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fragilaria radians (Kützing) D.M.Williams et Round, the correct name for F. gracilis (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta): a critical analysis of this species complex in Europe

Fragilaria gracilis is one of the most reported Fragilaria species in Europe, observed in a broad range of water bodies, ranging from (ultra)oligotrophic rivers to even eutrophic lakes. A revision of this important taxon based on the analysis of the morphology of a large number of historic and recent populations was highly needed. In the present study, type material of Fragilaria gracilis and several related taxa such as Synedra radians, Fragilaria pseudolaevissima, S. utermoehlii, F. aquaplus, F. boreomongolica and F. tridentina together with more than 10 modern populations were investigated using LM and SEM observations. The results based on these comparisons show that Fragilaria (Synedra) radians is the name for the taxon formerly known as F. gracilis. Moreover, detailed analysis demonstrated that F. pseudolaevissima and Synedra utermoehlii are conspecific with F. radians and should be considered as heterotypic synonyms. The observations made in this study also resulted in the description of several new species, often with distinct ecologies and distribution areas: Fragilaria huerlimannii Van de Vijver sp. nov., F. acerosa Van de Vijver, C.E. Wetzel, Jarlman et Ector sp. nov., F. neglecta Van de Vijver, C.E. Wetzel, Jarlman et Ector sp. nov., F. heudreana Van de Vijver, C.E. Wetzel et Ector sp. nov., F. eutraphenta Van de Vijver, Kusber et D.M. Williams sp. nov., and F. mertensiana Van de Vijver, C.E. Wetzel et Ector sp. nov. Using an analysis of the associated diatom flora, the ecological preferences of each taxon are briefly discussed.
Wide-Stopband and Miniarurized Lowpass Filters Using Sirs-Loaded Hairpin Resonators

Compact elliptic-function microstrip lowpass filters (LPF) using stepped impedance resonators loaded (SIRs-loaded) hairpin resonators are presented in this paper. By adding a pair of coupled SIRs in a conventional capacitor coupling hairpin LPF, two additional transmission zeros are generated to extend the stopband. In addition to one-cell filter, a filter using two SIRs-loaded resonators was also designed, fabricated, and tested. The two-cell filter has a 3 dB cutoff frequency at 2 GHz and a 10 dB stopband from 2.5 to 25 GHz, with a size of only 0. 081λg × 0. 096λg.
Effects of Carbohydrate and Protein Administration by Food Items on Strength Response after Training in Stable COPD

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the world’s most common diseases and reasons for death. Systemic consequences, especially reduced muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle function, are common and contribute to worsening prognosis and increasing morbidity and mortality. There is strong evidence that physical activity and strength training are effective in prolonging life and lead to better quality of life. Numerous studies have shown that ingestion of protein and carbohydrates after strength training can increase regeneration of strength in young athletes. Recently, we demonstrated that the same effect can be achieved with these macronutrients administered in a meal. Until now, it is not clear if patients with COPD, integrated in regular physical training, respond similarly. Methods: Prescribed strength training, consisting of two sets circular training with machines for big muscle groups was supplemented with a meal rich in protein and carbohydrates. Changes in maximum strength after 24 h were investigated to find out about the impact of this meal on physical capacity. A pilot study was conducted with pragmatic cross-over design. Results: With nutritive intervention, strength in both knee extensor and chest press were significantly higher than in control training. Conclusion: The study showed beneficial effects for the intake of protein and carbohydrates in changes in maximum strength. For now, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Clinical relevance needs further research. The study design and study protocol can be used for further studies with only small adaptions.
Functional Outcomes Following Hip Replacement in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Uncertainty remains regarding the benefit of hip replacement in older adults in the context of age-related decline in physical function. This study aimed to examine the effect of hip replacement on functional outcomes and identify factors associated with clinically important improvement in physical function postoperatively in community-dwelling older adults. This cohort study was performed within the ASPREE trial, with 698 participants receiving hip replacement and 677 age- and sex-matched controls without knee or hip replacement during the trial drawn from 16,703 Australian participants aged ≥70 years. Health status (physical and mental component summary [PCS and MCS]) was assessed annually using the SF-12. Participants receiving hip replacement had significantly lower pre- and post-replacement PCS scores compared with controls (p < 0.0001). There was significant improvement in PCS score following hip replacement (mean change 4.9, 95%CI 4.0–5.7) but no change in controls (0.01, 95%CI −0.7–0.7). Following hip replacement, 46.7% of participants experienced clinically important improvement in PCS score, while 15.5% experienced worsened PCS score. Participants experiencing improved postoperative PCS score had significantly lower PCS and higher MCS scores preoperatively. The degree of preoperative physical function impairment was a significant indicator of older people most likely to benefit from hip replacement surgery.
Ballistic Testing Simulation of Ultra-High Strength Steel Water Layer Sandwich Structure

In designing materials to resist impact and penetrations, numerical simulation offers effective means to ascertain impact mechanism close to practical experimental procedures. This work presents penetration characteristics of water as an inter-layer between ultra-high strength steel sandwich structure. Residual velocities for both monolithic and sandwiched structures have been investigated. In the case of the monolithic structure, good agreement was found between experimental and simulation results in reducing projectile initial velocity of 854 m/s to obtained residual velocities of 487 m/s and 460 m/s respectively. Energy dissipation capability of water as an interlayer has also been investigated. Water, proving very effective in decreasing projectile velocity of 390 m/s to zero in a 2 mm steel-2 mm water – 2 mm steel sandwich system. Numerical simulation has been carried out using Ansys Explicit / Autodyn – a commercial software based on finite element method which is very effective in solving non-linear problems. Lagrange elements were used in the discretization of both the water and steel media.
Microsatellite Variation in the Most Devastating Beetle Pests (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of Agricultural and Forest Crops

Weevils, classified in the family Curculionidae (true weevils), constitute a group of phytophagous insects of which many species are considered significant pests of crops. Within this family, the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, has an integral role in destroying crops and has invaded all countries of the Middle East and many in North Africa, Southern Europe, Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the Caribbean Islands. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), also termed microsatellites, have become the DNA marker technology most applied to study population structure, evolution, and genetic diversity. Although these markers have been widely examined in many mammalian and plant species, and draft genome assemblies are available for many species of true weevils, very little is yet known about SSRs in weevil genomes. Here we carried out a comparative analysis examining and comparing the relative abundance, relative density, and GC content of SSRs in previously sequenced draft genomes of nine true weevils, with an emphasis on R. ferrugineus. We also used Illumina paired-end sequencing to generate draft sequence for adult female RPW and characterized it in terms of perfect SSRs with 1–6 bp nucleotide motifs. Among weevil genomes, mono- to trinucleotide SSRs were the most frequent, and mono-, di-, and hexanucleotide SSRs exhibited the highest GC content. In these draft genomes, SSR number and genome size were significantly correlated. This work will aid our understanding of the genome architecture and evolution of Curculionidae weevils and facilitate exploring SSR molecular marker development in these species.
Vertical and Side-Alternating Whole Body Vibration Platform Parameters Influence Lower Extremity Blood Flow and Muscle Oxygenation

This study directly compared blood flow and oxygenation during six treatment parameters used with vertical and side alternating whole body vibration (WBV). Twenty-seven healthy adults were randomized into the vertical or side-alternating (vibration type) WBV group. Participants completed three WBV sessions a week apart, 5 sets of 1 min on/off, at 3 conditions (Vertical: 30 Hz and 4 mm, 40 Hz and 2 mm, 45 Hz and 4 mm; Side-alternating: 10 Hz and 4 mm, 18 Hz and 3 mm and 26 Hz and 2 mm). Blood flow velocity and popliteal artery diameter, muscle oxygenation, skin temperature, heart rate and blood pressure were assessed. Muscle oxygenation was significantly increased for all vibration frequencies and types following two minutes of WBV (14.78%, p = 0.02) and continued until immediately after the cessation of WBV (24.7%, p < 0.001). WBV also increased heart rate (23.9%, p < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (8.9%, p < 0.001) regardless of frequency and vibration type. Side-alternating and vertical WBV increased muscle oxygenation and heart rate in healthy participants completing an isometric squat. Muscle oxygenation was not increased until the second vibration set indicating the amount of time spent on the platform may have a significant effect on increases in blood flow.
Goursat Functions for a Problem of an Isotropic Plate With a Curvilinear Hole

Here, we used ar ational mapping function with complex constants in order to study the effect of complex constants. Also, a complex variable method have been applied to deduce exact expressions for Gaursat functions for the first and second fundamental problems of an infinite plate weakened by a hole having arbitrary shape. The edge of the hole is conformally mapped on the domain outside a unit circle by means of the rational mapping function. Moreover, the interesting cases when the hole takes diff erent shapes have been considered besides applying computer work to determine strong and weak points of stress and strain components.
The pathological and clinical landscape of refractory metastatic triple negative breast cancer: a narrative review

Background and Objective Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) refers to a special subtype of breast cancer that is negative for the estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. As a group of diseases, it has strong heterogeneity. Refractory metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) has even greater heterogeneity, more susceptibility to drug resistance, and faster progression, which makes it more difficult to treat effectively and significantly reduces a patient’s overall survival. Therefore, in order to overcome this difficulty in clinical practice, we need to deeply understand the special subgroup by analyzing definition and prognostic factors of refractory mTNBC and describing the therapeutic status and future treatment directions. Methods Recent domestic and foreign guidelines, as well as clinical studies related to refractory mTNBC on PubMed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were retrospectively analyzed. The six keywords we selected were used for literature search. Two authors performed database searches independently, and disagreements over the results were mediated by a third reviewer. Key Content and Findings According to the guidelines, refractory mTNBC has not been clearly defined. Related studies indicated that tumor heterogeneity may be one of the main mechanisms of early relapse or drug resistance in refractory mTNBC. The clinical treatment options for refractory mTNBC are very limited. Although chemotherapy is the standard treatment, it is limited by poor efficacy and intolerance in the clinical stage. Therefore, in recent years, many studies have explored novel treatment options. Both immunotherapy and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been selected as first-line treatment in clinical studies, but gained limited benefits. Indeed, clinical studies have shown good efficacy with novel ADCs, which may be promising in the clinical treatment of refractory mTNBC. Conclusions Currently, improving the survival time and quality of life of refractory mTNBC are major challenges for clinicians. Novel therapies including immunosuppressive agents, PARP inhibitors, and ADCs rather than chemotherapy alone have achieved good results in the exploration of first-line treatment for refractory TNBC patients, but this warrants further research and investigation.
Effect of foliar application of zinc on biofortified rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A field experiment was conducted to study the comparative performance of zinc in biofortified rice and their effect on yield attributes, yield and zinc concentration of rice at BAU farm, Sabour in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice during Kharif season of 2021-22. The variety used was Sabour Aaayush. The soil of the experimental plot was silt loam having pH 7.7, organic carbon 0.53%, Low in available Nitrogen (159.88 kg/ha), Phosphorus (26.94 kg P 2 O 5 /ha), Potassium (196.69 kg K 2 O/ha) and initial soil Zn-1.0 mg/kg of soil. The recommended dose of fertilizers i.e. 100-40-20 kg N- P 2 O 5 - K 2 O/ha was applied. In addition to these fertilizers 25 kg zinc sulphate was applied as basal and 0.5% zinc sulphate used as foliar spray at pre flowering and milking stage of rice. The experimental results revealed that RDF (100:40:20)+25 kg/ha zinc sulphate as basal+0.5% zinc sulphate spray as foliar application at pre flowering and milking stage was the best treatment and recorded significantly better values for yield attributes (74.74 grains per panicles,270.33 panicles per m 2 , 30.18 g test weight),higher grain yield (4.96 t/ha) and higher concentration (30.9 and 91.8 mg kg -1 grain and straw respectively) and uptake of Zn in grain (153.3 g ha -1 ) and in straw (455.2 g ha -1 ) of bio fortified rice than soil application alone and single spray of Zn and most other treatments. This study brought out that adequate soil application of Zn sulphate followed by its two foliar applications is the best approach.
Photoluminescence studies of TM and RE doped oxides using diamond anvil cell

The present status of high-pressure research with the diamond anvil cell (DAC) is described, focusing mainly on use of this technique in optical spectroscopy. After a brief description of the history of the development of high-pressure measurements, the principles of DAC technique are described in more detail. Then different applications of this technique to high-pressure research are discussed, including optical spectroscopy, electrical measurements, X-ray diffractometry and other measurements. Results obtained for selected materials, with a view to illustrating the physics behind high-pressure phenomena, are presented and discussed. These include high-pressure luminescence studies of Cr3+ or Yb3+-doped lithium niobate crystal (LiNbO3) as well as Cr3+ and Nd3+-doped lanthanum lutetium gallium garnet crystal (La3Lu2Ga3O12). Finally, the boundary of high-pressure spectroscopy usefulness is shown. The example of such a case is the study of Cr3+-doped MgO-2.5Al2O3 non-stoichiometric green spinel.
Common Ownership: Europe vs. the US

Common ownership - when an investor holds shares in two or more companies has recently attracted signiﬁcant attention from policy-makers and researchers, studying mainly US ﬁrms. European ﬁrms, however, are di ↵ erent as top investors with large stakes, like governments, founding families and foundations are much more prevalent. This paper takes a well-known common ownership with micro-economic foundations, lambda , capturing managerial incentives, and compares its implications for S&P Europe 350 ﬁrms to those of the S&P 500 for the period 2004-2015 by looking at within, across and global lambda patterns of the European and US S&P companies. We ﬁnd that US companies have a higher lambda, but European ﬁrms’ lambda become both faster connected within Europe and across with their US counterpart where the latter is even more pronounced. Both patterns can be traced back to US investment man-agers’ increasing global reach.
Comparison of the Clinical and Laboratory Features of COVID and Influenza in Children

Background and Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and has a clinical presentation ranging from an asymptomatic course to flu-like syndrome up to respiratory failure. Seasonal Influenza, due to the influenza viruses and very common in children, can cause symptoms similar to COVID-19. In order to identify clinical and laboratory characteristics that allow healthcare workers to differentiate COVID-19 from Influenza, we performed a systematic review of the existing literature on the pediatric age. Methods. The research was done via PubMed for articles published from March 2020 to October 2021, combining the MeSH words "COVID-19" and "Influenza" and "Children" and considering the suggestions of the PRISMA Group. Results The most frequently described symptoms were fever and cough in both groups. In most studies, high fever, cough, nasal congestion or rhinorrhea, vomiting, and muscle pain were detected more frequently in the Influenza group. Regarding the value of laboratory tests, the results were mixed. Almost all studies reported significantly lower levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in the COVID-19 group than in the Influenza group. In most manuscripts, COVID-19 had a milder course than Influenza. Conclusions No symptoms are characteristic of a single infectious agent, with flu-like disorders being the most common. In addition, laboratory tests do not help in the differential diagnosis; however, they show a limited inflammatory response in COVID-19, which could explain the fewer complications compared to adulthood, with a less severe clinical course.
Outlier Models and Prior Distributions in Bayesian Linear Regression

SUMMARY Bayesian inference in regression models is considered using heavy-tailed error distri- butions to accommodate outliers. The particular class of distributions that can be con- structed as scale mixtures of normal distributions are examined and use is made of them as both error models and prior distributions in Bayesian linear modelling, includ- ing simple regression and more complex hierarchical models with structured priors depending on unknown hyperprior parameters. The modelling of outliers in nominally normal linear regression models using alternative error distributions which are heavy-tailed relative to the normal provides an automatic means of both detecting and accommodating possibly aberrant observations. Such realistic models do, however, often lead to analytically intractable analyses with complex posterior distributions in several dimensions that are difficult to summarize and understand. In this paper we consider a special yet rather wide class of heavy-tailed, unimodal and symmetric error distributions for which the analyses, though apparently intractable, can be examined in some depth by exploiting certain properties of the assumed error form. The distributions concerned are those that can be con- structed as scale mixtures of normal distributions. In his paper concerning location parameters, de Finetti (1961) discusses such distributions and suggests the hypothetical interpretation that "each observation is taken using an instrument with normal error, but each time chosen at random from a collection of instruments of different precisions, the distribution of the
Factorizations of finite groups by conjugate subgroups which are solvable or nilpotent

We consider factorizations of a finite group G into conjugate subgroups, G = Ax1⋯Axk for A ≤ G and x1,…,xk ∈ G, where A is nilpotent or solvable. We derive an upper bound on the minimal length of a solvable conjugate factorization of a general finite group which, for a large class of groups, is linear in the non-solvable length of G. We also show that every solvable group G is a product of at most 1 + clog |G : C| conjugates of a Carter subgroup C of G, where c is a positive real constant. Finally, using these results we obtain an upper bound on the minimal length of a nilpotent conjugate factorization of a general finite group.
Translation of waves along quantum vortex filaments in the low-temperature two-dimensional local induction approximation

In a recent paper, we give a study of the purely rotational motion of general stationary states in the two-dimensional local induction approximation (2D-LIA) governing superfluid turbulence in the low-temperature limit [B. Svistunov, “Superfluid turbulence in the low-temperature limit,” Phys. Rev. B 52, 3647 (1995)]. Such results demonstrated that variety of stationary configurations are possible from vortex filaments exhibiting purely rotational motion in addition to commonly discussed configurations such as helical or planar states. However, the filaments (or, more properly, waves along these filaments) can also exhibit translational motion along the axis of orientation. In contrast to the study on vortex configurations for purely rotational stationary states, the present paper considers non-stationary states which exhibit a combination of rotation and translational motions. These solutions can essentially be described as waves or disturbances which ride along straight vortex filament lines. As expected from our previous work, there are a number of types of structures that can be obtained under the 2D-LIA. We focus on non-stationary states, as stationary states exhibiting translation will essentially take the form of solutions studied in [R. A. Van Gorder, “General rotating quantum vortex filaments in the low-temperature Svistunov model of the local induction approximation,” Phys. Fluids 26, 065105 (2014)], with the difference being translation along the reference axis, so that qualitative appearance of the solution geometry will be the same (even if there are quantitative differences). We discuss a wide variety of general properties of these non-stationary solutions and derive cases in which they reduce to known stationary states. We obtain various routes to Kelvin waves along vortex filaments and demonstrate that if the phase and amplitude of a disturbance both propagate with the same wave speed, then Kelvin waves will result. We also consider the self-similar solutions to the model and demonstrate that these types of solutions can model vortex kinks that gradually smooth and radiate Kelvin waves as time increases. Such solutions qualitatively agree with what one might expect from post-reconnection events.