Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Chemical Characterization and Source Identification of Summer and Winter Aerosols in Măgurele, Romania

Aerosols and organic source apportionment were characterized using data collected during two measurement campaigns. These campaigns were conducted during the summer and winter seasons at Măgurele, a site located southwest of Bucharest, the capital of Romania and one of the largest cities in southeastern Europe (raking seven in Europe based on population). The summer campaign was conducted between 7 June–18 July 2012, and the winter campaign from 14 January–6 February 2013. Approximately 50% of the organic fraction contribution to the total submicron particulate matter sampled by aerosol mass spectrometer was evidenced during both seasons. Submicronic organic aerosol sources were quantified using the positive matrix factorization approach. For warm (summer) and cold (winter) seasons, more than 50% from total organics was represented by oxidized factors. For the summer season, separate analyses were conducted on data influenced by urban and non-urban sources. The influence of pollution from Bucharest on the measurement site was observed in aerosol concentration and composition. The primary organic aerosols have different contribution percentage during summer, depending on their main origin. The influence of Bucharest, during summer, included cooking contribution of 13%. The periods with more regional influence were characterized by lower contribution from traffic and biomass burning in a total proportion of 28%. In winter, the influence of local non-traffic sources was dominant. For more than 99% of the measurements, the biomass burning indicator, f 60 , exceeded the background value, with residential heating being an important source in this area. Fossil fuel contribution was confirmed for one week during the winter campaign, when 14 C analysis of total and elemental carbon revealed the presence of 17% fossil contributions to total carbon. Mass spectrometry, 14 C and absorption data suggest biomass burning as the predominant primary source of organic aerosols for the winter season.
Big Data in Education: Perception of Training Advisors on Its Use in the Educational System

Big Data has revolutionized decision making in many fields, including education. The incorporation of information and communication technologies into education enables us to gather information about the teaching and learning process. As Big Data can help us improve it, it is paramount to integrate it into initial and continuous learning stages. This study therefore aims at finding out the perception of the training advisors of teacher training centers (N = 117) in Andalusia on the application of Big Data in education. The tool is an adaptation of the VABIDAE (Assessment of Big Data Applied to Education) scale, and the study of the descriptive statistics was carried out by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann–Whitney U tests in order to check the existence of significant differences and correlations between the items that make up the scale. The results reflect the positive perception of training advisors on the use of Big Data in education. Significant differences were found in the competence level variable, whereby this tool was better rated by those advisors who feel that they have an advanced competence level. In conclusion, Big Data is valued for its ability to personalize educational processes and the consequent improvement in academic results, which shows the need to increase the level of knowledge about this tool.
Fish Populations along Natural and Revetted Banks on the Lower Mississippi River

Abstract Fish populations along two natural and two revetted banks on the Lower Mississippi River near Greenville, Mississippi, were investigated during 1979. Collections were made during April, June, September, and November with hoop nets and electroshocking. The number of species taken in the habitats were similar: 24 species were collected from natural banks; 27 from the revetted banks. The relative abundances of the species were different for the two habitats. Six species (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, Cyprinus carpio, Ictalurus punctatus, Stizostedion canadense, and Cycleptus elongatus) were more abundant on revetted banks and four species (Aplodinotus grunniens, Pylodictis olivaris, Lepomis macrochirus, and Alosa chrysochloris) were more abundant on natural banks. Percentage composition by weight showed the greatest difference between habitats. Species of sport or commercial value were more abundant by weight on revetted banks. Mean catch per effort in numbers and weight were greater on natural banks.
HYBRID ZONES AND REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION

The interpretation of hybrid zones remains one of the most difficult of taxonomic problems, despite the striking advances in systematics of recent decades. Mayr (1963: 496) selected sexual isolation, hybrid fertility, and developmental compatibility as the only criteria that will render possible unequivocal decisions (one species or two) in the case of peripheral isolates, and the same criteria should apply to hybrid zones. In hybrid zones, sexual isolation is always imperfect or absent, the hybrids are often fertile, and developmental compatibility is sufficient to produce hybrids. All three criteria break down in hybrid zones without always rendering unequivocal decisions possible, and similar difficulties may be encountered in the experimental analysis of peripheral isolates. These are the anomalies that make decisions based on Mayr's well-known species definition difficult. The difficulties are due in part to the gradual process of evolution itself, but they may also be due to a misunderstanding of the definition, which states rather emphatically, at the very outset, "Species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations. " In every hybrid zone, interbreeding is actual and this opening phrase of the definition promotes a natural tendency to consider the question as settled once interbreeding has been established. This feature of the definition diverts attention from the more essential remainder: ". which are reproductively isolated from other such groups. " This is the essence of Mayr's definition. Mere interbreeding does not necessarily indicate an absence of reproductive isolation. Two good species will remain reproductively isolated however many sterile hybrids they might produce. The production of sterile or inviable hybrids may even be the best possible evidence of full species status, as Mayr himself has pointed out. Proper understanding of Mayr's definition, of the phenomenon of hybrid zones, and even of the speciation process itself, depends upon the clarity of our understanding of the words "reproductively isolated. " Mayr (1959a) defines reproductive isolation in terms of "the protective devices of a well-integrated and harmoniously coadapted gene pool against pollution by other gene pools," and he regards speciation as essentially completed when geographical isolation can be removed without resulting in "genetic swamping of the new daughter species by the parental species. " Dobzhansky (1950) omits the word "interbreeding" from his species definition, and stresses the reproductive community of the gene pool, and later (1951:
The Strategy of Improving Project Management Using Indicator Measurement Factor Analysis (IMF) Method

POAC is the de facto international standard that has been universally accepted as the theory behind successful execution of project management and implementation. Many however do not possess the know-how of correctly implementing POAC in project management. Often confused with the variety of available applications, time consuming to explore and often requiring to prepare big budgets to purchase the required tools. In this study, a new method called IMF (Indicator Measurement Factor Analysis) is proposed. IMF is a simple, low cost implementation tools that facilitate effective POAC control monitoring and implementation in project management. Not only that, the IMF is simple to use and produce effective results in harbouring communication, collaboration, critical thinking, competition, and creativity of teamwork. A collection of information from various feature of IMF is discussed, and the satisfaction level of users are collected and analysed. These data can be used to accurately predict the importance of IMF in POAC implementation, and hence encourage wide acceptance among prospective users in various different fields.
Effectiveness of professional training of Sub Assistant Agriculture Officers

The study attempted to determine the effectiveness of professional training of Sub Assistant Agriculture Officers (SAAOs) in four upazilas under Mymensingh district namely, Mymensingh sadar, Bhaluka, Trishal and Muktagachha. Data were collected from a sample of 80 skilled, experienced and trained SAAOs who were selected randomly among 139 SAAOs during 01 October to 07 November, 2018 by using a structured interview schedule. More than half of the SAAOs (51.25%) perceived professional training as highly effective, while 46.25% and 2.5% of them perceived training as medium and low effective, respectively. Among 27 training related activities, ‘training programs increased proficiency in work’ got an average maximum score of 2.44 and ‘transport facilities were provided’ got an average lowest score of 1.49. Among eleven selected characteristics: level of education, training received, social mobility, communication exposure, attitude of SAAOs towards DAE management and job satisfaction were significantly related to the effectiveness of professional training. The study revealed that there is an ample scope to increase the effectiveness of professional training of the SAAOs. It is therefore recommended that the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) and other training providing organizations can offer more funds and attention to organize more related training to make the SAAOs more capable, self-confident and productive extension workers. Article history: Received: 18 July 2019 Accepted: 01 February 2020 Published: 31 March 2020
Indicators of the Internal Environment of Gasconne Calves during Rearing

Selected indicators of the internal environment were determined in 11 bulls and 11 heifers of the Gasconne breed. Blood was sampled and the live weight was recorded on a regular basis at ages of 64, 99, 127, 155, 190, 216 and 253 days. Plasma concentrations of total proteins, urea, glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, total bilirubin, activity of alkaline phosphatase, alanine- and aspartate aminotransferase, concentrations of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc and copper were assessed. The effects of sex (p < 0.01) on changes in the concentration of total proteins, urea and total cholesterol (p < 0.05) were found. Enhanced growth intensity had a positive effect on the concentration of total cholesterol (r = 0.52; p < 0.05) but a negative correlation was detected between the growth intensity and activity of ALT (r = -0.50; p < 0.05), AST (r = -0.46; p < 0.05), and magnesium (r = -0.35; p < 0.05). The age of the animals affected the concentration of plasma triodothyronine (r = -0.45; p < 0.05), ALP (r = -0.64; p < 0.05), urea (r = -0.66; p < 0.05) and iron (r = -0.34; p < 0.05). The indicators of internal environment determined in this study were within the physiological range and therefore helped to specify the health and nutritional status of animals reared in extensive suckling cows systems. Beef calves, rearing, internal environment, blood plasma Permanent grassland is an important landscape-forming element which fulfils both production role as well as non-market benefits. We can expect that the extending of permanent grassland areas will continue due to the high share of cultivated agricultural land in the Czech Republic as compared with the EU-15. Cattle play a decisive role in exploitation of permanent grasslands in the Czech Republic; particularly cows reared in the system of suckling cows. This is the only category of cattle whose number of herds is permanently increasing. However, productive role of the system of suckling cows is important in the EU-15, too. Approximately two thirds of the beef produced in the EU come from beef breeds and their cross-breeds and about one third comes from dairy cow herds. Even though the number of suckling cows per one unit of area in the Czech Republic is substantially lower than in the EU-15 in terms of the production of top-quality beef, it is
Sex differences : development and evolutionary strategies

Preface. Theory: Introduction. Sexual Differentiation. Evolution of Sex and Sex Differences. Sex as a Life-History Strategy. Nonhuman Systems: Male Strategies and Tactics. Female Strategies and Tactics. Mating Systems. Human Systems: The Human Animal. Women's Strategies and Tactics. Men's Strategies and Tactics. Courtship, Mating, Marriage, and Parenting. Sexual Politics. References: Glossary. Index.
Genotypic and environmental variation in the total phenol and flavanol contents of barley grain

Flavanol and total phenol contents have been determined in samples of barley grown in Britain under a wide range of environmental conditions. An assessment has also been made of the genetic variation in flavanol and total phenol contents among exotic genotypes and current UK varieties. Total phenol content decreased in the first 3 months immediately after harvest but no indication was observed that prolonged storage significantly reduced the levels of flavanols and, after the initial decline, no systematic decreases were found in total phenol content. Significant differences were found between trial sites for both constituents but these could not be related to geographical locations. An examination of inter-varietal variation revealed significant differences among both the current UK varieties (flavanols 0.11–0.17%, total phenols 0.43–0.53%) and 85 diverse genotypes (flavanols 0.08–0.15%, total phenols 0.37–0.54%). The levels of both constituents appeared to be independent of grain size, malting quality, oil content and protein content and no significant differences were found between either two and six-rowed varieties or husked and naked grain types.
Influence of temperature and daylength on population development of Aphis gossypii on Cucurbita pepo

The life table parameters of Aphis gossypii Glover were evaluated in tow sets of experiments on Cucurbita pepo. The first set was conducted at six constant temperatures (5 °C increments from 10–35 °C) with 12 h photophase. The second set of experiments was conducted at 6, 12, and 18 h photophase at 25 °C. Nymphal survivorship was 100% at 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C. However, it was 80 and 0% at 10 and 35 °C, respectively. The optimum temperature for body length was 10 °C, and body length decreased with increasing temperature. A. gossypii attained its optimum growth and reproduction at 25 °C. At this temperature, the net reproductive rate (79.7), intrinsic rate of increase (0.496) and finite rate of increase (1.6) were largest while generation time (6.6 d) and population doubling time (1.4 d) were smallest. Temperatures above and below 25 °C reduced the net reproductive rate, and the intrinsic and finite rates of increase. The intrinsic and finite rates of increase of A. gossypii reared at 18 h photophase (0.53 and 1.7) were significantly higher than at 12 (0.43 and 1.5) and 6 h daylength (0.49 and 1.6).
Spatial and Temporal Variation in River Otter (Lontra canadensis) Diet and Predation on Rockfish (Genus Sebastes) in the San Juan Islands, Washington

The effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) and their effects on the predators of target species have been a matter of discussion for some time. In the Salish Sea, a number of MPAs protect several species of rockfish (Sebastes spp.), three of which are currently listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA); however, the role of coastal river otter (Lontra canadensis) predation on rockfish populations is poorly understood. This study describes the scarcely studied diet of river otters in the San Juan Islands, Washington, as a first step in assessing the potential effect of these predators on rockfish. Using frequency of occurrence (% FO), we described coastal river otter diet for San Juan, Orcas, and Fidalgo Islands during the summer of 2008. River otters consumed a variety of both fish and invertebrate species. Fish occurred most frequently in their diet at all three islands, including gunnels (Pholidae) (present in 83.6 to 97.3% of scats), sculpins (Cottidae) (79.5 to 97.3%), and pricklebacks (Stichaeidae) (58.9 to 78.1%). Rockfish were present in 2.7 to 21.9% of river otter scat with the highest occurrence at San Juan Island (21.9%). Scat also contained a higher occurrence of juvenile rockfish vs adult specimens. Although rockfish consumption by river otters at San Juan Island has increased since the summer of 1999, consistent with the establishment of MPAs, we cannot attribute the establishment of MPAs as the cause or address the positive or negative potential effects of river otter predation on rockfish recovery. However, this information may assist future studies that use more modern techniques in assessing these effects on rockfish populations.
Computational and Experimental Design Exploration of 3D‐Printed Soft Pneumatic Actuators

Soft robotics are known for their unique advantages over conventional rigid robotics, which include safer human–machine interaction, delicate handling of fragile items, and greater durability. Soft robotic actuators are essential components in soft robots as they produce the organic motions that rigid robotic actuators have difficulty in mimicking. Pneumatic actuators (PAs) are a type of soft robotic actuator that utilizes pneumatic pressure for actuation and are commonly used; however, the relationship between their design and actuation performance is not well understood. Herein, a cubic kernelized support vector regression (SVR) model based on finite element analysis is used to explore the design space of bending PAs with respect to their bending angles through the investigation of the dependencies between different design parameters. The model obtained from the SVR is then tested by experimentally comparing the bending angle of different 3D‐printed PAs from within the design space. The bending torque, an indicator of the actuation force of the PA, is also measured and compared for different design configurations. This study provides a computational and experimental framework and paves the way for future work on PAs, which has the potential to greatly propel the advancement of soft robotics.
Assessment of Genetic Variation Among East African Cercospora zeae-maydis Populations

Rapid flagement length polymorphism (RFLP) and amplified flagement length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses were used to study genetic diversity of Cercospora zeae-maydis isolates collected from Uganda, Kenya and Rwanda. For comparative purposes, isolates from Zimbabwe and the United States of America (USA) were included. Phylogenetic analysis of AFLP data revealed two major clusters. One large cluster comprised of 75 African and US group II isolates and the second comprised cluster of 4 USA group I isolates. Similar groupings were observed with RFLP data. Analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) based on AFLP data revealed a significant population structure between American and African populations (φ FST = 0.07). No population structure was detected, among African isolates (φ FST = 0.01), while a strong and significant structure was obtained between the two pathotypes (φ FST = 0.19). The AMOVA using RFLP data, showed absence of a population structure among African populations (φ FST = 0.01), and gene flow among African populations was high (49.5). These findings suggest that group II pathotype is predominant in East Africa and gene flow appears to be the fundamental evolutionary force accounting for the current genetic structure. A regional approach to abate epidemics is most suitable. Key Words: AFLP, AMOVA, gene flow, isolates, RFP, Zea mays Resume Les analyses de polymorphisme rapide de flagellation de longueur (RFLP) et le polymorphisme amplifie e flagellation de longueur (AFLP) etaient utilisees pour etudier la diversite genetique des substances de Cercospora zeae-maydis collectees a partir de l\'Ouganda, Kenya et Rwanda. Pour des raisons comparatives, les substances de Zimbabwe et des Etats-unis d\'Amerique etaient inclues. L\'analyse phylogenique de donnee de l\'AFLP a revelee deux bouquets majeurs. Un large bouquet a compris des substances de 75 Africaines et groupe II des US et le second bouquet a compris des substances de 4 USA groupe I. Des groupements similaires etaient observes avec la donnee de RFLP. L\'analyse de variation moleculaire (AMOVA) basee sur la donnee d\'AFLP a revele une structure significative de population entre les population Americaine et Africaine (φ FST =0,07). Aucune structure de population etait detectee parmi les substances Africaines (φ FST =0,19). L\'AMOVA utilisant la donnee de RFLP, a montre une absence d\'une structure de population parmi les populations Africaines (φ FST =0,01), et un volume des genes parmi les populations Africaines etait eleve (49.5). Les resultats suggerent que le pathotype de groupe II est predominant en Afrique de l\'Est et le volume de genes apparait etre la force evolutive fondamentale comptant pour la structure genetique courante. Une approache regionale de baisser les epidemies est plus valable. Mots Cles: AFLP, AMOVA, volume de genes, substances, RFP, Zea mays (Af Crop Sci J 2003 Vol 11 No 2 pp75-86)
Microencapsulated Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus: insecticidal activity and effect on arthropod populations in maize

Abstract Excessive use of chemical insecticides to control Spodoptera frugiperda in maize (Zea mays L.) crops in Colombia has resulted in pest resistance and environmental contamination. A Colombian multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) was produced in laboratory reared larvae and formulated as a wettable powder by microencapsulating the viral occlusion bodies (OBs) with a methacrylic acid polymer. Microencapsulated OBs were tested for insecticidal activity in laboratory, greenhouse and field bioassays, and were then sprayed onto a commercial crop where their effect on arthropod populations was estimated. In laboratory bioassay, microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated OBs caused a larval mortality of 98 and 96%, respectively. The percent of plants showing recent feeding damage in a greenhouse experiment oscillated between 2.5 and 7.5% when OBs were applied compared to 70% observed in the control. In two field trials, the highest dose of 1.5×1012 OBs/ha (1500 g/ha) was selected as the recommended rate for field application in maize crops, with efficacies higher than 70%. Total arthropod populations were negatively affected by chemical pesticides; whereas the OBs formulation did not affect the diversity of these organisms. Our results indicate that microencapsulated SfMNPV has the potential to be commercialised as an alternative to substitute or complement chemical insecticides in fall armyworm integrated management programmes.
Occurrence of Insect-Parasitic Nematodes (Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) in the Republic of Ireland

Insect parasitic nematodes were surveyed in the Republic of Ireland between October 1986 and October 1987. A total of 551 soil samples was tested for the presence of nematodes by baiting with Galleria mellonella larvae. Steinernema feltiae (= S. bibionis) and S. affinis were recovered from 7.1 and 3.3% of samples, respectively. Heterorhabditis sp. was found in one sample. There was a significant association between locality (county) and frequency of nematode recovery. Nematodes were more frequently recovered from sandy and peaty soils than from clays and clay loams, but differences between soil types were not significant. Nematodes were present in tilled fields (41/365 samples), grassland (13/143) and woodland (4/43). There was a significant association between sampling time and frequency of recovery. Nematodes were less likely to be recovered in May-June than at other times of the year.