Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Affects the Growth and Biomass Semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.)

Semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) is one of the aquatic plants that have been widely used by the community as food and medicinal raw materials. One of the important factors in cultivating clover is optimal fertilizer management. The incorporation of organic and inorganic nutrients has an effect on soil fertility has been repeatedly demonstrated in several studies, but there are not specific guidelines on clover cultivation. The challenge now is to combine organic matter of different qualities with inorganic fertilizers to optimize nutrient availability for the clover plant. The results of research on clover cultivation have also not been widely carried out. Therefore, it is very important to do this research with the aim of knowing the optimal effect of organic (cow manure) and inorganic (nitrogen, potassium) fertilizers on the growth and yield of clover (Marsilea crenata Presl.). The research was conducted at the Screen House of the Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. The study was designed using a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 8 (eight) treatment combinations of soil types and fertilization [inorganic (N, K) cow manure organic fertilizer (CM)], namely: P0 = soil, without fertilizer; P1 = soil, 138 kg N ha-1; P2 = soil, 136 kg K ha-1; P3 = soil, N and K, 138 and 136 kg ha-1; P4 = soil, 20x103kg of cow manure ha-1; P5 = soil, 20x103 kg of cow manure ha-1, 138 kg N ha-1; P6 = soil, 20x103 kg of cow manure ha-1, 136 kg K ha-1; P7 = soil, 20x103 kg of cow manure ha-1, N and K, 138 and 136 kg ha-1 with 3 replications, so that 24 experimental units were obtained. Each experimental unit consisted of 5 plants. Growth observations were observed destructively at the ages of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 days after planting (DAP). The results showed that there was an increase in the growth and yield of biomass in the soil combination, 20x103 kg of cow manure ha-1 (P4) was compared with the treatment without the addition of organic fertilizers (cow manure) on plant growth and yield parameters, such as stolon length (74.78 cm), number of leaves (160.44), leaf area (1379.28 cm2), root length (23.85 cm), stomata density and number of stomata (13.25); Stomata width (10.87 cm); Stomata length (19.76 cm), leaf fresh weight (12,907 g), leaf dry weight (1,802 g), total fresh weight 210,830 g, total dry weight 7,823 g, leaf harvest fresh weight (64.19 g); stalk (130.54 g); root (79.75 g); total 274.48 g), harvest dry weight of leaves (11.36 g); stalk (24.88 g); root (9.55 g); a total of 45.78 g) and the chlorophyll a content (0.804 mg.g-1); chlorophyll b (1.121mg.g-1); and total chlorophyll (1.924 mg.g-1).
Longitudinal data analysis using the conditional empirical likelihood method

This paper studies a new approach to longitudinal data analysis using the conditional empirical likelihood (CEL) method within the framework of marginal models. The possible unbalanced follow‐up visits are dealt with via stratification according to distinctive follow‐up patterns. The CEL method does not require any explicit modelling of the variance–covariance of the longitudinal outcomes. Instead, it implicitly incorporates a consistently estimated variance–covariance matrix in a nonparametric fashion. The proposed CEL estimator is connected to the generalized estimating equations (GEE) estimator, and achieves the same efficiency as the GEE estimator employing the true variance–covariance. The asymptotic distribution of the CEL estimator is derived, and simulation studies are conducted to assess the finite sample performance. Data collected from a longitudinal nutrition study are analysed as an application. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 42: 404–422; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Malaria Prevalence and Performance of Diagnostic Tests Among Hospitalized Fever Patients in Zanzibar

Background: Control efforts in Zanzibar reduced the burden of malaria substantially from 2000 to 2015, but re-emergence of falciparum malaria has been observed the last years. This study evaluated the prevalence of malaria and performance of routine diagnostic tests among hospitalized fever patients in a 1.5 years period in 2015 and 2016. Methods: From March 2015 to October 2016, pediatric and adult patients hospitalized with acute undifferentiated fever at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar were included. The malaria prevalence was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and routine microscopy. Results: Malaria prevalence was 8% (67/820). All cases identified by PCR had Plasmodium falciparum infection, except for one P. ovale. Compared to PCR, the RDT had sensitivity of 64% (36/56), specificity 98% (561/575), positive predictive value (PPV) 72% (36/50) and negative predictive value (NPV) 97% (561/581). Microscopy had a sensitivity of 50% (18/36), specificity 99% (251/254), PPV 86% (18/21) and NPV 93% (251/269) compared to PCR. Conclusions: A high malaria prevalence was identified compared to previous studies in Zanzibar. Microscopy showed higher PPV than RDT in this study. Both RDT and microscopy had low sensitivity compared to PCR. However, low parasitemia identified only by PCR in a semi-immune individual could be coincidental and may not be the cause of the presenting symptoms. To achieve malaria elimination in Zanzibar, PCR-based surveillance is suitable to guide control and elimination efforts.
PhD CEOs and firm performance

This paper investigates the relationship between the education of a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and firm performance and provides robust evidence that firms led by CEOs with PhDs outperform their peers. We find that CEOs with PhDs increase firm performance by 3.03% while CEOs with a PhD from a highly ranked university increase firm performance by 4.65%. Our results are robust to endogenous CEO selection, transition firms, alternative rankings, unobserved firm characteristics and the network of the CEO. We also show that the increase in firm performance is due to a tighter control of costs and superior cash flow management.
Effects of self–other decision‐making on time‐based intertemporal choice

School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China Department of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China Business College, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, China Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
‘Just ask “what if?” and go from there’: the role of mainstream story structures in women’s web series script development

ABSTRACT This article investigates, through interviews, the script development processes of four female-identifying web series creators, contributing to scholarship around web series’ ability to serve diverse communities [Christian 2020. “Beyond Branding: The Value of Intersectionality on Streaming TV Channels. ” Television & New Media 21 (5): 457–474; 2011. “Fandom as Industrial Response: Producing Identity in an Independent Web Series. ” TWC – Transformative Works and Cultures, 8, ‘Race and Ethnicity in Fandom’ special issue; Monaghan 2017. “Starting From … Now and the Web Series to Television Crossover: An Online Revolution? ” Media International Australia 164 (1): 82–91; Williams 2012. Web TV Series: How to Make and Market Them. Harpenden: Kamera Books], but from the perspective of the writing process. The three web series making up this small sample – Last Breath (2018), Love Songs (2019) and Phi and Me (2019-) – have all experienced notable levels of ‘success’ (defined here variously in terms of views, festival selections, and awards). This article offers a preliminary investigation into how women’s web series writing practices may – or may not – depart from conventions that are practiced in mainstream settings of episodic script development, and/or are circulated by the screenwriting ‘how-to’ market. Using the insights into these writing processes, this article builds upon web series scholarship (where, it has been argued, innovations around diversity are leading the way in terms of screen content and distribution) by exploring the extent to which gender and cultural diversity, platform and standardised story structures inform the script development processes.
Enhanced Ferroelectric Properties in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Films Using a HfO0.61N0.72 Interfacial Layer

Fluorite structured ferroelectrics, such as (Hf, Zr)O2, attract much interest due to their scalability and compatibility with complementary metal‐oxide semiconductors, which make them superior to the conventional ferroelectrics. However, their reliability issues, including their limited endurance, are yet to be resolved. Such issues have been reported to be strongly correlated to the formation and drift of oxygen vacancies concentrated in the interfacial region adjacent to TiN electrodes. In this study, the effect of inserting a sacrificial HfO0.61N0. 72 interfacial layer between a TiN bottom electrode and a ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0. 5O2 thin film is investigated. The insertion of the 2 nm‐thick HfO0.61N0. 72 interfacial layer decreases the inclusion of the undesirable non‐ferroelectric phase by ≈60% and increases the remanent polarization by more than 30%. The reaction barrier property of the sacrificial HfO0.61N0. 72 layer significantly enhances the reliability of the Hf0.5Zr0. 5O2 film, and thus, improves the endurance of the film beyond 1.5 × 1011 switching cycles. This is the highest endurance among the reported values for fluorite‐structured ferroelectrics with the remanent polarization kept higher than 10 µC cm‐2.
Implications of ‘Lock-in’ on Public Sector Project Management in a Small Island Development State

The concept of ‘Lock-In’, or the escalating cost of overcommitment on a project to a failing course of action, has unforeseeable implications in project management. This paper presents a case study on the occurrence and consequences of lock-in within the context of public sector housing projects in a small island developing state (SIDS). It demonstrates that cost overruns continue beyond the commissioning phase and throughout the project’s lifecycle, even though technical contingencies were implemented to deliver the intended project benefits. The findings unpack the implications of political expediency as a strategic tool mobilised to supersede proper technical decision-making prior to project execution. It concludes that project practitioners’ commitment to select and continue with a sub-optimal project can lead to the implementation of ineffective solutions to justify their actions, resulting in failed outcomes with negative social consequences. This research helps to advance project management knowledge in the us-er/operation phase, because previous scholarly work was limited to investigating lock-in from project conceptualisation to the commissioning phase.
A Study on the Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 Control Potentiality of Colisa fasciata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in Laboratory Condition

Colisa fasciata consumed significantly more Chironomus ramosus larvae as compared to Culex quinquefasciatus larvae and pupae when those were offered separately. In paired experiment it consumed significantly more C. ramosus larvae than C. quinquefasciatus larvae. When habitat was modified by incorporating sand and gravels on the floor of the aquarium, C. fasciata consumed significantly more C. quinquefasciatus larvae as compared to C. ramosus larvae. Chesson’s food preference index also confirmed these findings. The larvicidal efficiency therefore not only depends on the availability of alternative prey but also on the micro-habitat condition.
Nest density, spatial distribution, and bionomy of Trigona spinipes (Apidae: Meliponini)

Trigona spinipes is a generalist species of stingless bee that is dominant in many pollination networks and has a wide distribution in the tropics and subtropics of the Neotropics. This eusocial species builds exposed aerial nests in tree branches. Although some studies have been carried out on nest density, there are surprisingly few studies on its bionomy, and especially on the population size of the colonies. To survey the density and spatial patterns of nests of this stingless bee, three sites within the Northeast region in Brazil were studied, which ranged from urban to rural to forest habitats. A high density of nests was found in rural and urban sites, with 0.6 nests/ha and 0.4 nests/ha, respectively. In comparison, a lower density was found in the forest site, with 0.1 nests/ha in the edge and 0.03 nests/ha in the interior. Thus, the highest density of nests occurred in open areas. In the urban site, the nests showed a uniform distribution, while the distribution was aggregated in the rural site. The majority of nests were oriented so that the entrance faced the opposite direction to prevailing winds. Several aspects of the bionomy of 22 nests were sampled. The mean estimated total population size of colonies (immatures plus imagoes) was 38,813 (range 25,581–53,083) individuals, with 13,202 adults. Our results confirm that this species produces some of the largest colonies within the stingless bees, although lower than previously mentioned, emphasizing its importance in ecosystems of open neotropical areas.
How Can Students Feel More Vital Amidst Severe Restrictions? Psychological Needs Satisfaction, Motivational Regulation and Vitality of Students during the Coronavirus Pandemic Restrictions

During the pandemic restrictions imposed in spring 2020, many aspects of students’ living and learning environments changed drastically. From the perspective of Self-Determination Theory, changes in social context interact with the satisfaction or frustration of basic psychological needs and, as a result, with study-related motivational regulation and vitality. In this study, we investigate the relationships between the contextual factors of online-based distance learning, basic psychological needs, forms of motivational regulation and subjective vitality in a sample of N = 1849 university students across eight universities in Austria and Germany. Based on structural equational modelling, the results stress the relevance of satisfaction with technological resources in regard to higher levels of satisfaction in all three basic psychological needs, while perceived overload is linked to lower levels of needs satisfaction and increased basic psychological needs frustration. Further, the estimated workload difference before and during the pandemic is not related to the motivational outcomes of the model. All relationships have been tested for mediation effects between basic psychological needs and the different forms of motivational regulation on subjective vitality: for the need for relatedness, no mediation is found, while the effect of the need for autonomy is fully mediated by autonomous regulation styles. The need for competence was associated with several mediating interactions with regulation styles. The results offer insight into students’ perceptions of their study-related experiences during the pandemic and can help to develop effective methods in online-based and blended learning settings in the future.
Investigating Antecedents of Adoption Intention for Audiobook Applications

ABSTRACT Despite the uniqueness of audiobook applications, their adoption remains a big challenge. The present study integrates the decomposed theory of planned behavior (DTPB) with switching cost theory (SCT) to examine the antecedents of consumer’s intention toward adopting audiobook applications. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data collected from 720 respondents over two stages, and the results confirm that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, procedural switching cost, self-efficacy, are important in shaping attitude and adoption intentions for audiobook applications. The effects are non-significant for financial switching costs and facilitating conditions. Book genre is found to have significant moderating effects. The findings add to the existing adoption works by integrating two unique theories in a novel context of audiobooks, as well as offers practical guidance to audiobook application developers to enhance its adoption.
SEVEN-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE (WMAP) OBSERVATIONS: POWER SPECTRA AND WMAP-DERIVED PARAMETERS

The WMAP mission has produced sky maps from seven years of observations at L2. We present the angular power spectra derived from the seven-year maps and discuss the cosmological conclusions that can be inferred from WMAP data alone. With the seven-year data, the temperature (TT) spectrum measurement has a signal-to-noise ratio per multipole that exceeds unity for l < 919; and in band powers of width Δl = 10, the signal-to-noise ratio exceeds unity up to l = 1060. The third acoustic peak in the TT spectrum is now well measured by WMAP. In the context of a flat ΛCDM model, this improvement allows us to place tighter constraints on the matter density from WMAP data alone, Ωmh2 = 0.1334+0.0056−0.0055, and on the epoch of matter-radiation equality, zeq = 3196+134−133. The temperature-polarization (TE) spectrum is detected in the seven-year data with a significance of 20σ, compared to 13σ with the five-year data. We now detect the second dip in the TE spectrum near l ∼ 450 with high confidence. The TB and EB spectra remain consistent with zero, thus demonstrating low systematic errors and foreground residuals in the data. The low-l EE spectrum, a measure of the optical depth due to reionization, is detected at 5. 5σ significance when averaged over l = 2–7: l(l + 1)CEEl/(2π) = 0.074+0.034−0.025 μK2 (68% CL). We now detect the high-l, 24 ⩽ l ⩽ 800, EE spectrum at over 8σ. The BB spectrum, an important probe of gravitational waves from inflation, remains consistent with zero; when averaged over l = 2–7, l(l + 1)CBBl/(2π) < 0.055 μK2 (95% CL). The upper limit on tensor modes from polarization data alone is a factor of two lower with the seven-year data than it was using the five-year data. The data remain consistent with the simple ΛCDM model: the best-fit TT spectrum has an effective χ2 of 1227 for 1170 degrees of freedom, with a probability to exceed of 9.6%. The allowable volume in the six-dimensional space of ΛCDM parameters has been reduced by a factor of 1.5 relative to the five-year volume, while the ΛCDM model that allows for tensor modes and a running scalar spectral index has a factor of three lower volume when fit to the seven-year data. We test the parameter recovery process for bias and find that the scalar spectral index, ns, is biased high, but only by 0. 09σ, while the remaining parameters are biased by <0.15σ. The improvement in the third peak measurement leads to tighter lower limits from WMAP on the number of relativistic degrees of freedom (e.g., neutrinos) in the early universe: Neff>2.7(95%CL). Also, using WMAP data alone, the primordial helium mass fraction is found to be YHe = 0.28+0.14−0.15, and with data from higher-resolution cosmic microwave background experiments included, we now establish the existence of pre-stellar helium at >3σ. These new WMAP measurements provide important tests of big bang cosmology.
Poly(vinyl chloride)/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites: Effect of the Tacticity Distribution on the Polymer/Nanofiller Interface

The preparation and characterization of nanocomposites of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) of different tacticity with alkyl-modified multiwalled nanotubes (eMWNTs) is reported. Evidence from FTIR and thermal degradation measurements suggests that at the polymer–nanofiller interface specific isotactic conformations in the PVC chains are the preferred sites for the accommodation of eMWNTs through halogen bonding interactions, C═O···Cl–C. The differences between the IR intensity ratio I614/I635 (related to the syndio/isotactic distribution) observed for the nanocomposite and the polymer increase as the isotactic content increases as a result of interaction with the nanotubes, which reduces the distribution of the isotactic conformation in the polymer matrix. Further, the improvements in thermal stability of the nanocomposites with respect to the pure polymer increase with the isotactic content since the eMWNT restricts mobility of the labile g+ttg– conformation especially located at the end of long isotactic sequ.
The effectiveness of Shark‐Management‐Alert‐in‐Real‐Time (SMART) drumlines as a tool for catching white sharks,
 Carcharodon carcharias
 , off coastal New South Wales, Australia

White ( Carcharodon carcharias L.), bull ( Carcharhinus leucas , Müller & Henle) and tiger ( Galeocerdo cuvier , Péron & Lesueur) sharks are the primary species responsible for unprovoked shark bites. Historically, management practices were based on culling “target” shark species (i.e. white, bull and tiger sharks), which resulted in high levels of bycatch and mortality. Shark- Management- Alert- in- Real- Time (SMART) drumlines were trialled in New South Wales, Australia, aiming to optimise the capture of target shark species while minimising bycatch and mortality. Target shark species accounted for 70% of the total catch, with white sharks contributing 298 of the 350 sharks that were caught. Four animals died, and bycatch consisted of 13 species including two threatened species. Generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) revealed a significant spatial, temporal, environmental and gear influence on white shark catch rates. SMART drumlines are a useful tool for catching target shark species with low bycatch and mortality relative to historical bather protection methods.
Systemic fungicides reduce the abundance of yeast‐like symbiotes and the performance of the planthopper Delphacodes kuscheli (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Delphacodes kuscheli is the main vector of Mal de Río Cuarto, the most important viral disease of maize in Argentina. This planthopper harbours obligate fungal mutualists, known as yeast‐like symbiotes (YLS), which play a key role in the host life cycle. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of six systemic fungicides, prothioconazole (P), prothioconazole & trifloxystrobin (PT), pyraclostrobin & epoxiconazole (PE), pyraclostrobin, epoxiconazole & fluxapyroxad (PEF), picoxystrobin & ciproconazole (PC), and tebuconazole (T) on the reduction of the abundance of YLS in nymphs and newly emerged adults, and the impact of such reduction on the vector performance. All fungicides, except PE, reduced the number of YLS in nymphs treated from 3rd instar five days after starting treatments. When 3rd instar nymphs were allowed to reach adulthood, the fungicides P, PT and PC caused the highest nymphal mortality, significantly reduced the number of YLS in newly emerged adults, lengthened development time and negatively affected morphometric variables of females. There was also a trend towards a higher occurrence of brachypters. In females, the fungicides P, PT and PC caused a greater reduction of YLS when nymphs were treated to these fungicides from 3rd instar compared with nymphs treated from 4th instar. In males, the YLS number was significantly less when nymphs were fed on plants treated with P, PT, PC, and T in 3rd instar. This showed that fungicide treatments caused a greater reduction of YLS when they were applied in early stages of development. Our results provide an effective method to reduce the abundance of YLS in D. kuscheli, contributing to understand the ecological role that these symbionts could be playing in the success of this maize planthopper pest.