Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corporate governance in practice: the role of practitioners' understanding in implementing compliance programs

This article investigates the implementation of a compliance programme (CP) in terms of how practitioners conceive of and execute the responsibilities arising from this corporate governance mechanism. ,This study involves a practice lens approach forms the case study analysis and interpretation, involving both interviews and documentary materials collected from an Italian company with prolonged compliance experience. Schatzki's (2002, 2010) practice organisation framework guides the interpretation of CP as a practice organised by rules, practical and general understandings and teleoaffective structures. ,CP practice evolves over time. A practical understanding of daily actions required to accomplish the CP and a general understanding of the responsibilities connected with the CP, such as the attitudes with which the CP is performed, are mutually constitutive and jointly favour this evolution. Dedicated artefacts – such as IT platforms, training seminars and compliance performance indicators – help spread both of these types of understanding. These artefacts also align practitioners' general understanding with the CP's teleoaffective structures imposed, including the CP's assigned objectives and the desired reactions to them. ,The findings have theoretical and practical implications by revealing the relevance of practitioners' understanding of corporate governance mechanisms in their implementation processes. ,This study reveals the potential benefits of practice lens approaches in corporate governance studies. It responds to the call for qualitative studies that demonstrate corporate governance as implemented in daily activities.
Patterns of species composition, recruitment, and growth within canopy gaps in two New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) forests

Abstract Within-gap patterns of forest species composition, tree growth, and associated micro-climate were investigated in two kauri (Agathis australis) forests in northern New Zealand. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of sites at Trounson Kauri Park revealed a gradient of changing species composition from gap centre to forest understorey. However, while some species were typical either of the understorey (e.g., Dysoxlylum spectabile) or the centre of large gaps (e.g., Knightia excelsa, Leucopogon fasciculata), no species was restricted solely to gap edge sites. Growth of potted tree seedlings over 6 months at different locations in and near a large canopy gap revealed a significant positive relationship between percent canopy openness (%CO) and height increase for each of the five species tested. The early successional tree Kunzea ericoides showed the greatest height increase at gap centre, while the long-lived conifer Dacrydium cupressinum had the greatest height increase in the forest understore.
Evaluation of yield traits in some primitive wheat genotypes to ensure sustainability of wheat production

Study was conducted at Al-Raqqa Research Centre in The General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research in Syria during the growing season 2011/2012. Eight primitive wheat genotypes and two local cultivated varieties were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications, yield components (number of fertile tillers, number and weight of grains per spike and weight of thousand grain) were studied. Results showed that the genotype Persian 64 was significantly superior in three traits of yield components (number of fertile tillers, number and weight of grains per spike) comparing to the check sham5, and also the genotype Polish 194 was significantly superior in weight of thousand grain comparing to both checks sham3 and sham5 (53.12, 40.80, 40.02) g respectively with an increase rate 30.20% and 32.73% comparing to both checks sham3 and sham5 respectively. It is recommended to use the superior genotypes in breeding programs to ensure the sustainability of wheat production.
The influence of mountain temperate forests on the hydrology in northeast China

Presented is a review of results from long-term hydrological studies at the Mao-Er-Shan ecological station in northeast China. In comparison to harvested watersheds in northeast China, unlogged temperate forests reduced peak discharge and surface flows at all observed watershed scales (2m2 to > 10 000 ha). However, no consistent patterns on low flows and annual mean flows were observed. The reason for the inconsistency is unclear and may be due to the utilization of different methodologies applied at the various spatial scales. We also found that stemflow is an important mechanism for Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch) to adapt to nutrient-poor and dry soils. These results are important for developing forest management strategies and reforestation programs in northeast China. Key words: Temperate forest, hydrology, stemflow, interception, streamflow, evapotranspiration
Effects of acclimation and assay temperature on outer‐ and inner‐ring thyroxine and 3,5,3′‐triiodo‐L‐thyronine deiodination by liver microsomes of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

We studied effects of temperature on the deiodinating enzymatic pathways governing hepatic production of 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) from L-thyroxine (T4) in rainbow trout. Kinetics of outer-ring deiodination (ORD) and inner-ring deiodination (IRD) of T4 and T3 were measured in vitro at 4°, 12°, and 18°C using liver microsomes of trout that were acclimated for 21 days at 4°, 13°, and 18°C and fed on temperature-compensated food rations. For all temperatures the Vmax (level of functional enzyme) and Vmax/Km (index of enzyme efficiency) values for the T3-generating T4ORD pathway greatly exceeded values for the T3-degrading T3IRD pathway; T4IRD and T3ORD pathways were negligible. The main effects of temperature occurred between 4°C and 12°/13°C; T4ORD Vmax/Km rose from 0.48 at 4°C to 1.62 at 12°/13°C and to 1.83 at 18°C. This response correlated with in vivo deiodination rates measured previously. T4ORD apparent Km did not change over the temperature acclimation range, suggesting an absence of temperature-induced isozymes. However, Km was depressed at the assay temperature of 4°C, indicating a direct effect of temperature to enhance enzyme-T4 substrate affinity. T4ORD Vmax was insensitive to assay temperature but was depressed in trout acclimated at 4°C. We conclude that from 4° to 18°C T4ORD is the main thyroid hormone deiodinating pathway in trout liver. T4ORD activity increases more than threefold from 4° to 13°C. This is due to a direct effect of temperature to decrease Km and to an acclimatory increase in Vmax. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
In vitro effect of salmon gonadotropin on the testicular synthesis of androgens and of a progestin, 17α-hydroxy-20β-dihydroprogesterone, in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. In vitro effect of salmon gonadotropin on the testicular synthesis of androgens and of a progestin, 17α-hydroxy-20β-dihydroprogesterone, in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) A. Saad, J. Dépêche
The effect of β-adrenergic blockade on the recovery process after strenuous exercise in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Trout fitted with arterial catheters were subjected to 6 min of strenuous exercise, injected with either saline (controls) or the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, and monitored over the following 8-h recovery period. Control responses were very similar to those previously reported, except for much higher resting and post-exercise plasma catecholamine levels, and less marked RBC pHi regulation, perhaps due to season (February–May). Trout subjected to prior β-blockade would not exercise. Trout β-blocked immediately after exercise showed a much higher incidence of mortality during the recovery period, but accompanying symptoms were similar to those previously documented in control trout dying after exercise. Specific effects of post-exercise β-blockade seen in both survivors and mortalities were a sustained elevation of arterial Pco2 and an inhibition of blood glucose elevation. There were negligible effects on RBC pHi and volume regulation, blood metabolic acid and lactate dynamics, or plasma ion changes. The results provide little support for the hypothesis that β-adrenergic actions of plasma catecholamines are intimately involved in post-exercise recovery, but must be considered in the context of the ‘winter’ trout, where β-responses may be diminished.
EmbeddedPigDet—Fast and Accurate Pig Detection for Embedded Board Implementations

Automated pig monitoring is an important issue in the surveillance environment of a pig farm. For a large-scale pig farm in particular, practical issues such as monitoring cost should be considered but such consideration based on low-cost embedded boards has not yet been reported. Since low-cost embedded boards have more limited computing power than typical PCs and have tradeoffs between execution speed and accuracy, achieving fast and accurate detection of individual pigs for “on-device” pig monitoring applications is very challenging. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method for the fast detection of individual pigs by reducing the computational workload of 3 × 3 convolution in widely-used, deep learning-based object detectors. Then, in order to recover the accuracy of the “light-weight” deep learning-based object detector, we generate a three-channel composite image as its input image, through “simple” image preprocessing techniques. Our experimental results on an NVIDIA Jetson Nano embedded board show that the proposed method can improve the integrated performance of both execution speed and accuracy of widely-used, deep learning-based object detectors, by a factor of up to 8.7.
The in-vitro degradation at 37°C of vancomycin in serum, CAPD fluid and phosphate-buffered saline

Solutions of vancomycin in phosphate-buffered saline, peritoneal dialysis effluent fluid and human serum were incubated at 37 degrees C for ten days and sampled at daily intervals. The samples were assayed for vancomycin content by a microbiological assay, HPLC and polarisation fluoroimmunoassay (Abbott TDX). The results obtained by HPLC and microbiological assay agreed well and indicated approximately 50% loss over ten days in serum and buffered saline and over 70% loss in dialysate. TDX results indicated losses of only 20% and 40%, respectively. Degradation products were prepared from vancomycin by acid hydrolysis and purified by HPLC. These purified products were shown to cross-react in the TDX assay. It is suggested that the TDX assay becomes non-specific in the presence of vancomycin breakdown products and thus overestimates true vancomycin concentrations.
Evaluation of rainfall–runoff model performance under non-stationary hydroclimatic conditions

ABSTRACT Understanding of rainfall–runoff model performance under non-stationary hydroclimatic conditions is limited. This study compared lumped (IHACRES), semi-distributed (HEC-HMS) and fully-distributed (SWATgrid) hydrological models to determine which most realistically simulates runoff in catchments where non-stationarity in rainfall–runoff relationships exists. The models were calibrated and validated under different hydroclimatic conditions (Average, Wet and Dry) for two heterogeneous catchments in southeast Australia (SEA). SWATgrid realistically simulates runoff in the smaller catchment under most hydroclimatic conditions but fails when the model is calibrated in Dry conditions and validated in Wet. All three models perform poorly in the larger catchment irrespective of hydroclimatic conditions. This highlights the need for more research aimed at improving the ability of hydrological models to realistically incorporate the physical processes causing non-stationarity in rainfall–runoff relationships. Although the study is focussed on SEA, the insights gained are useful for all regions which experience large hydroclimatic variability and multi-year/decadal droughts.
Effect of Gibberellic Acid, (2-Chloroethyl) Phosphonic Acid, Actinomycin-D and Cycloheximide on the Activity and Leaching of Some Hydrolases in Pollen Suspension Cultures of Crotalaria juncea

Gibberellic acid (GA3) 20 mg 1−1 and (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (Ethephon) 10 mg 1−1 enhanced pollen tube length in Crotalaria juncea L. GA3 markedly increased the activity of amylase, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase and enhanced leaching of amylase and acid phosphatase enzymes. The rise in the activity level and leaching of amylase and acid phosphatase after Ethephon treatment was comparatively less than that of GA3 and the response to Ethephon was restricted to the 45 and 90 min period of culturing. Ethephon did not affect the activity/leaching of β-glucosidase significantly. Actinomycin-D (Act.D) 25 mg l−1 and Cycloheximide (CH) 10 mg 1−1 reduced the tube growth as well as activity of these enzymes suggesting their de novo synthesis during pollen tube growth.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: Phenobarbital selectively promotes initiated cells with reduced TGFβ receptor levels

Phenobarbital (PB) is a potent tumor promoter in rodentliver. In this study we investigated whether PB selectivelypromotes a population of initiated cells with reduced levelsof transforming growth factor-P (TGFP) receptors types I,II and III. Liver tumors were induced in male Fischer F344rats by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Following inductionthe animals were divided into PB-treated (DEN/PB) anduntreated groups (DEN). After 3 months of treatment halfof the PB-treated rats were removed from PB for the finalmonth (DEN/PB/OFF). At 4 months, the livers from ratsin the three treatment groups were removed, tumors excisedand frozen with matched surrounding normal tissue. ThemRNA levels for the TGFp receptors types I-HI weresignificantly decreased in tumor tissue from DEN/PB ratswhen compared with surrounding normal liver tissue ortumors from age-matched untreated controls. In tumorsfrom DEN/PB/OFF rats the TGFp receptor types I-mwere also significantly reduced compared with controls andnot different to tumors from DEN/PB rats. There was nodifference in the mRNA levels for the TGFP receptors intumors from rats exposed to DEN alone, when comparedwith the surrounding normal tissue. These results demon-strate that PB selectively promotes initiated cells withreduced levels of TGFP types I-HI receptors and suggestsa mechanistic role for TGFp in PB-induced liver tumorpromotion.Approximately 60% of the chemicals determined by theNational Toxicology Program to be carcinogenic in rats andmice give rise to liver tumors. Some of these carcinogens,however, are either only weakly genotoxic or have been foundto cause no detectable genetic damage. Rather, they appear tofunction as tumor promoting agents. These agents includechemicals to which humans are exposed, e.g. contraceptivesteroids (1,2), tamoxifen (3), benzodiazepine compounds (4),dioxin (5), and phenobarbital (PB*) (6). Although there is nodefinitive mechanism for the carcinogenic activity of thesediverse agents, one hypothesis involves reduced reponsivenessto negative growth signals, especially the potent mitoinhibitortransforming growth factor-P (TGFP) (7). In mammals TGFP exists as three highly homologousisoforms, TGFpi, TGFP2 and TGFP3 (8). These structurally
Studies on the water extracts of medicinal plants grown in copper mining areas and their antioxidant effects

High copper (Cu) accumulation in medicinal plants might favor lipid peroxidation and hence affect antioxidant responses. This effect was studied by determining antioxidant activities in the water extracts of medicinal plants from Cu mining impact site and compared with control samples. Antioxidant activities of the extracted medicinal plants were assayed by measuring (1) total phenolic and flavonoid contents, (2) diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)• free radical scavenging activity, and (3) inhibition capacities of lipid peroxidation. The total phenolic as well as total flavonoid contents of the mining impact samples and control samples are not significantly different. However, inhibition of lipid peroxidation capacities was significantly less (12–60%) for mining impact samples as reflected by the IC50 values. These anomalies were attributed to high concentrations of Cu (2–4-fold higher) in mining impact samples as measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A positive correlation was observed between Cu levels and IC50 values for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation for mining impact samples.
Aetiology, management and strategies for prevention of postoperative respiratory failure (PORF) after thoracic surgery

Post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs) occur in a large proportion of patients after thoracic surgery and are associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Avoidance of PPCs can be achieved through a multi-disciplinary and multifactorial approach which addresses a number of preoperative, intra-operative and post-operative factors. A subgroup of patients who develop PPCs will progress to post-operative respiratory failure (PORF). Treatment strategies for these patients all have the underlying aim of avoiding the need for re-intubation, which is associated with extremely high mortality. This review considers the aetiology, management and strategies for prevention of PORF after thoracic surgery.
FAKE NEWS NO CENÁRIO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

Objetivo: esta comunicacao tem como objetivo discutir as Fake News no cenario brasileiro de COVID-19. Desenvolvimento: no periodo entre 29 de janeiro e 31 de marco de 2020, foi realizada uma busca no banco do Ministerio da Saude brasileiro e foram identificadas 70 Fake News sobre o COVID-19, sendo: 40 informacoes relacionadas aos discursos de autoridades na saude, 17 sobre terapeutica, nove com medidas de prevencao, duas referentes aos prognosticos da doenca e duas de vacinacao. Conclusao: a literatura sobre o tema pode ser escassa, no entanto, observa-se que a velocidade de producao de Fake News e relevante, especialmente ao pressupor o impacto social e a capacidade de circulacao destas noticias.
Effect of maternal exercise on maternal and foetal health in obese pregnant women

Background: Obesity during pregnancy represents a global problem and is a major risk factor for complications during pregnancy and labour. Emerging evidence suggests that physical activity during pregnancy might be beneficial for both maternal and foetal health without side effects. The purpose of this systematic review was to review trials evaluating the effect of physical activity on maternal and foetal health in obese pregnant women. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed. We searched for randomized controlled trials published until June 2018 on the PubMed, PEDro and CENTRAL databases. We included articles that had a well described physical activity intervention and studied obese pregnant women with BMI
Monoculture and rotation system effects on precipitation use efficiency of corn

Development and utilization of cropping systems in rainfed areas are highly dependent on their water use efklciencies, especially in subhumid areas. The objective was to evaluate the effect of crop rotation and N fertilizer rates on precipitation use efficiency by dryland corn (L.). Corn was grown under rainfed conditions at Mead, NE, on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) in four cropping systems: (i) continuous corn, (ii) a 2-yr soybean [ (L.) Merr. ]-corn rotation, (iii) a 4-yr rotation of oat [ (L.)] + clover [80% Lam. and 20% L. ]-grain sorghum [ (L.) Moench]-soybean-corn, and (iv) a 4-yr rotation of soybean-grain sorghum-oat + clover-corn. Nitrogen fertilizer rates used for corn were 0, 90, and 180 kg N ha as NHNO. Corn grain precipitation use efficiency was significantly affected by year, rotation, and N fertilizer rates from 1984 through 1991. Precipitation use efficiency ranged from 36 to 137 kg ha cm for continuous corn and from 57 to 165 kg ha cm for corn grown in rotation from 1984 through 1991. Precipitation use efficiency was greater in rotation (101.8 kg ha cm) than in continuous corn (83.6 kg ha cm). In dryland production areas, cropping systems with greater and more stable precipitation use efficiency can reduce crop failures.
Considerations on some cytological and ultrastructural observations on fat cells of Daphnia (Crustacea, Cladocera)

Abstract The fat cells of females of Daphnia obtusa have a well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and small Golgi complexes. When the ovaries contain growing parthenogenetic oocytes, the fat cells show few scattered glycogen granules, whereas they show abundant glycogen when the ovaries contain one vitellogenic amphigonic oocyte. The latter case could be explained by the fact that the fat cells synthesize little vitellogenin since the yolk of amphigonic oocytes is mostly endogenous.
Germinação de sementes de Conyza canadensis e Conyza bonariensis em diferentes condições de temperatura e luminosidade

Horseweed (Conyza canadensis and C. bonariensis) is a weed of increasing importance in Brazil. These species occur in different regions of the world and are important weeds in perennial and annual crops under no tillage, minimum tillage and horticultural areas. In this work, we studied the effect of constant temperatures on germination of both species, through two germination chamber experiments under constant temperature and 12 hours of light. The experimental unit consisted of acrylic boxes with 50 seeds placed on two leaves of blotting paper moistened with distilled water. In the first experiment, the germination behavior of the species was studied at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 oC. In the second experiment, the germination behavior of the species under conditions of constant temperatures (20, 25 and 30 oC) in the absence/presence of light (12 hours). Germination and germination rate were higher at temperatures of 20 and 25 oC, for both species under study. Germination under temperatures of 15, 35 and 40 oC was reduced significantly. Both species behave as positive photoblastic.
Postfreeze locomotion performance in wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) and spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer)

Freeze tolerance exists among a few species of terrestrially hibernating North American frogs such as the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) and the spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer). We investigated jump distance and swimming speed of these two frog species during postfreeze recovery because impaired performance, even if reversible, could have adverse ecological consequences for these frogs. Following a nonlethal freeze at –1.5 °C, R. sylvatica returned to the prefreeze level of both modes of locomotion sooner than P. crucifer (54 h vs. 11 d or longer). Wood frogs recovered slowly following more intense freezes: a –4.0 °C treatment group failed to reach the prefreeze level after 11 d, and a –3.0 °C treatment group took 54 h to reach 50% of the prefreeze level. As a result of their diminished locomotive performance, frogs recovering from natural freezes may be temporarily less able to exploit environmental resources and less able to escape predators active in winter. Nevertheless, given the massive biochemical .