Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multivariate analysis of honeybee populations, Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), from western central Africa : morphometrics and pheromones

Morphometric characters and sting pheromones of worker honeybees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus, were analysed by multivariate methods to characterize their populations along a transect through three ecological-climatological zones in Cameroon. There are three distinct homogeneous populations and two zones of hybridization. These bees are designated as A. m. adansollii Latreille whose area of distribution is intruded by an A. m. montieola-like montane group of bees and a third group, A. m. jemertitica Ruttner. The delineation of the hybrid zones is supported by intercolonial variance spectra and these significant asymmetries are coincident with transitions between the ecological-climatological zones.
Haematological and biochemical parameters in west African dwarf (WAD) bucks diets containing Millentia thonningii

Twelve adult West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks were randomized into three treatment groups (A, B and C) of four animals each. They were fed with the same ration of 0% Milletia thonningii for four weeks to allow for acclimatization and basal data were collected for all the bucks. They were later introduced to the test diet group A bucks were given 0% Milletia thonningii as control, group B, 17% M. thonningii while group C received 34% M. thonningii in their feed for 8 weeks. Their clinical parameters were recorded as follows: Rectal temperature (degrees centigrate ± S.D) were 38.84 ± 0.38, 38.48 ± 0.15 and 37.88 ± 0.58 for groups A, B and C respectively. The mean respiratory rates (beats/minute, ± S.D.) were 31.20 ± 3.42, 39.80 ± 4.02, 30.40 ± 3.36 for groups A, B and C respectively. The mean heart rates (beats/minutes ± S.D.) 82.00 ± 5.52, 66.20 ± 3.56 and 70.00 ± 3.67 for groups A, B and C respectively. There was a significant reduction (P 0.05) the Red Blood Cell count (X10 12 /L) was highest in Group B with 12.85 ± 6.24 and lowest in Group C with 10.25 ± 4.29, while the white blood cells (X10 9 /L) was highest in group C (11.07 X 6.25) and lowest with the control group a, (7.59 ± 3.39). The total protein (g/100ml) of groups B (5.84 ± 0.42) and C (6.13 ± 0.52) were not significantly different (P 0.05) mais notamment different du groupe A (5.06 ± 0.91) (P<0.05). Les enzymes d aspartique d’amino transferase (AST) restaient contant dans les 3 groupes lorsque les valeurs des enzymes d alanine amino transferase (ALT) etaient plus eleve’ que la normale.
Effet du stress prolifératif sur la fonction des cellules souches hématopoïétiques : rôles des gènes Scl, E2A et Heb

v Table des matières . vii Liste des tableaux . xiv Liste des figures . xv Liste des abbréviations . xvii Remerciements . xxi Avant-propos et contribution des auteurs. xxii Chapitre 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Le système hématopoïétique . 1 1.1.1 Les cellules spécialisées . 1 1.1.2 Les cellules souches hématopoïétiques . 1 1.1.3 Les progéniteurs hématopoïétiques . 1 1.2 L’ontogénie des cellules souches hématopoïétiques . 2 1.2. 1 La quiescence . 2 1.2. 2 La niche . 3 1.2. 3 Fonction . 3 1.3 Intégrité fonctionnelle et génomique des cellules souches hématopoïétiques . 4 1.3. 1 Métabolisme et synthèse protéique . 4 1.3. 2 Dommage à l’ADN . 6 1.3. 3 La sénescence . 7 1.3. 4.1 Sénescence des CSHs . 8 1.3. 5 Stress prolifératif . 8 1.3. 6 Agent chimique : le 5-fluorouracil . 9 1.3. 6.1 5FU pour forcer les CSHs à quitter la quiescence . 9 1.4 Facteur clé de l’hématopoïèse . 10
Functional and sensory properties of muffins and cookies containing dried fermented peanut milk

Aquaous extracts of peanuts (peanuts milk) fermented with mixed cultures of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus were drum-dried and incorporated into muffin and cokkie formulas. Sensory qualities were determined using an untrained panel.Symmetry, volume and uniformity of muffins, and volume, spread ratio and hardness of cookies were determinated. Moisture, calculated protein and fat contents as well as internal and external color of muffins and cookies were measured
Length of Life and Milk Production Efficiency in Cows with Varying Lactation Persistency

Abstract A total of 2,484 lactations in 760 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were analysed. Calculations were made of length of life, length of productive life, total number of days in milk, number of calvings, ratio of days in milk to length of productive life, lifetime milk yield (kg), daily yield at the peak of lactation (kg) and lactation persistency as the percentage difference between daily milk production in the 2nd and 10th month in milk. The cows were divided into three groups according to lactation persistency (decrease in production): group I – up to 30%, group II – 30.1–50% and group III – over 50%. Lactation persistency significantly influenced (P≤0.01) length of life and efficiency of milk production in the analysed cow population. Cows with yield over 30 kg at the peak of lactation followed by a moderate decrease (40%) lived longest (over 6 years) and produced the most milk (nearly 28,000 kg). Yield of primiparous cows at the peak of lactation and its course were found to have a significant effect on length of life and lifetime milk production. The long period of high peak yield (over 30 kg of milk) in the primiparous cows in group I (with the best lactation persistency) in the long term proved to be detrimental, as these cows had the shortest productive life (2.3 lactations on average) and lifetime milk yield about 4,000 kg lower than in the cows in groups II and II (with the poorer lactation persistency).
Relationship between herkogamy, incompatibility and reciprocity with pollen–ovule ratios in Melochia (Malvaceae)

Abstract Heterostyly is a floral polymorphism that increases pollination efficiency by promoting cross-pollination and reducing pollen wastage. Efficiency in pollination has been related to plant investment in gamete production and to the pollen to ovule ratio (P/O), which has been proposed as an indication of the likelihood of enough pollen grains reaching the stigmas to result in maximum reproductive success. In heterostylous species, cross-pollination is promoted by the reciprocal position of sexual organs between morphs and a heteromorphic incompatibility system, which precludes selfing and fertilizations among plants of the same morph. Morphological features like reciprocity (between morphs) and herkogamy (within morph) together with the breeding system are thought to influence pollination quality. Therefore, a close relationship between the pollination efficiency, morphological characteristics, and incompatibility would be expected. Pollination treatments and morphological measurements were carried out to describe the breeding system, herkogamy, and reciprocity of six Melochia species. Afterward, the relation between the P/O (as a surrogate of the efficiency in pollination), and reciprocity, herkogamy and incompatibility was evaluated. Monomorphic M. nodiflora and distylous M. pyramidata are self-compatible species, whereas the rest of the species are self- and morph-incompatible. There was a positive relationship between the P/O value and the degree of herkogamy and incompatibility. However, P/O values appear to increase when higher reciprocity is found in the populations. As expected, the lower values of P/O are associated with lower levels of herkogamy and compatibility in the Melochia species studied. The relationship between the factors is discussed under different scenarios of the pollinators’ predictability.
Phylogenetic Overdispersion in Lepidoptera Communities of Amazonian White‐sand Forests

In the Amazon basin and the Guiana Shield, white‐sand (WS) forests are recognized as a low‐resource habitat often composed by a distinct flora with many edaphic endemic plants. Small patches of nutrient‐poor white‐sand forests can pose a series of challenges to plants and animals. For plants, these challenges have been shown to function as strong filters that in turn drive taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic plant composition. However, very little is known about animal communities in WS forest and the effect that low‐resource availability may have on higher trophic levels. Here, we investigate the diversity of both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of three Lepidoptera families' (Nymphalidae, Saturniidae, and Sphingidae) assemblages between low‐resource (White‐Sand Forest) and two adjacent high‐resource habitats, terra firme clay and seasonally flooded forests. We found no clear effect of habitat type on taxonomic composition although butterfly and moth species abundance differed among the three contrasted habitats. The WS forest Lepidoptera community is significantly more phylogenetically overdispersed than expected by chance. We suggest that these low‐resource habitats filter the number of plant lineages which, in turn, creates a bottom‐up control structuring Lepidoptera phylogenetic structure. We recommend long‐term sampling on Lepidoptera community both at larval and adult stages that may complement this study and test hypotheses linking herbivore phylogenetic structure to plant resource availability and trophic cascade theory.
Examination of the population structure of darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli) in the Upper Yangtze River, China, using novel microsatellite markers

The darkbarbel catfish (Peltoebagrus vachelli) is a small bodied benthic fish that inhabits the Yangtze River in China and is commercially valued as food. The objectives of this project were to develop the first set of microsatellite primers specific to P. vachelli and use them to examine the levels of genetic variability and population structure of three populations collected at three sites (Yibin, Luzhou, and Song Ji) along an unfragmented stretch of the upper Yangtze River. Microsatellite primers were designed from an enriched library of genomic DNA and a total of eight primer pairs were optimized to produce reliable polymorphic PCR amplicons on a LI-COR 4200 IR platform. A high level of variability was detected amongst the isolated loci with the number of alleles per locus ranging from 14 – 29 and mean observed and expected heterozygosity values of 0.84 and 0.90 respectively across the entire sample set. Overall levels of genetic diversity were high within the three populations with mean observed and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.823 – 0.869 and 0.864 – 0.921 respectively. Little evidence of genetic structure was detected (global FST = 0.0065, p 0.05). These results imply historically large populations of P. vachelli in the upper portion of the Yangtze River that, in the absence of artificial barriers, are part of a single panmictic unit. As plans have been put forth for construction of hydroelectric installations within the sampled region, this study provides a baseline estimate of the levels of genetic variation present in P. vachelli within the remaining undammed stretch of the Upper Yangtze River which will serve as a foundation for future analyses on the
Pollen quality and predator viability: life table of Typhlodromus bagdasarjani on seven different plant pollens and two-spotted spider mite

Abstract Integrated Pest Management programs rely heavily on maximum preservation of predatory insects and mites. Considering the fact that the pollen spectrum accepted by Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan is not known, this study aimed towards a comparison of the suitability of seven different pollens including almond (Prunus amygdalis Batsch), maize (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.), bee pollen and castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), as well as one prey mite (Tetranychus urticae), under laboratory condition (25 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% RH, 16:8 (L:D) h). Furthermore nutritional value of different pollens was compared by calculating the protein, lipid and sugars content. Typhlodromus bagdasarjani was able to survive and reproduce on all pollens offered except on castor bean pollen which was toxic, causing 100% pre-adult mortality. The shortest and longest developmental time was observed when predators were supplied with almond and bee pollen, respectively. Pollens from almond, with the highest values of protein and sucrose, and the middle level of lipid content, had the highest nutritional value for T. bagdasarjani as evidenced by the highest value of the intrinsic rate of increase (r= 0.1605 day -1), finite rate of increase (λ= 1.1741 day-1) and net reproductive rate (R0=13.45 offspring/ individual); and the shortest mean developmental time. According to the results, almond pollen can be used to amplify the experimental and commercial mass rearing programs of this predator and maize plant can be recommended as banker plants in greenhouses.
The identity of Scutula leptogii (lichenicolous Ascomycota)

DieDerich, P. 2007. The identity of Scutula leptogii (lichenicolous Ascomycota). - Herzogia 20: 317-318. Original material of the lichenicolous fungus Scutula leptogii was studied and found to be an earlier synonym of Toninia leptogii Timdal. No nomenclatural changes are needed, however, as a combination of Dughi's name in Toninia would result in a later homonym of Timdal's name. Dughi's name is lectotypified. Zusammenfassung: DieDerich, P. 2007. Die Identitat von Scutula leptogii (lichenicole Ascomycota). - Herzogia 20: 317-318. Es wurden die Proben des lichenicolen Pilzes Scutula leptogii untersucht auf denen die Beschreibung basiert, und als fruheres Synonym von Toninia leptogii Timdal erkannt. Keine nomenklatorischen Anderungen sind notig, da eine Kombination von Dughi's Namen in Toninia ein spateres Homonym von Timdal's Namen darstellen wurde. Dughi's Name wird lectotypifiziert.
Stratégie d'occupation de la mangrove de la baie de Guaratuba (Brésil) par le Sciaenidae prédateur Isopisthus parvipinnis (Teleostei, Pisces)

Les parametres biologiques de la population de Isopisthus parvipinnis de la baie de Guaratuba, Bresil, ont pu etre decrits et les modalites d'occupation de la mangrove identifies. Les observations sur l'abondance, la biometrie, le regime alimentaire, la reproduction et le comportement de l'espece ont ete faites entre septembre 1993 et fevrier 1997. Au printemps et en ete, les individus transitent de facon sporadique dans les secteurs les plus ouverts de la baie, en se nourrissant de poissons et de crustaces. Durant cette periode l'espece accomplit sa reproduction et la ponte s'effectue, soit sur place, soit en mer. En automne et en hiver, l'abondance generale des poissons dans la mangrove augmente et un important contingent de I. parvipinnis penetre dans le secteur des chenaux et des fosses. Le regime alimentaire de l'espece change alors pour devenir entierement ichtyophage. Les individus presentent une croissance du type allometrique, les relations masse (M)-longueur (L) sont : M = 1,5922.10 -7 L 3,819 chez les mâles, M = 5,2844.10 -8 L 4,0 0 1 chez les femelles, et M = 1,2331.10 -7 L 3,852 pour les sexes confondus. La strategie d'occupation du milieu et le comportement ichtyophage caracterisent I. parvipinnis comme une espece opportuniste qui joue, par rapport a la mangrove de Guaratuba, un role d'exportateur d'energie vers d'autres secteurs de la Baie et vers la region marine adjacente.
Could long-term exposure to climate change levels of atmospheric CO2 cause kidney and cardiovascular failure?

As atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) increases, there is an associated rise in CO2 concentration in human blood. The increase in serum CO2 drives an increase in the activity of carbonic anhydrase; the enzyme involved in the metabolic conversion of CO2. This increased enzyme activity is associated with the deposition of calcium carbonate in human tissue. Calcification resulting from breathing elevated CO2 has been observed in animal experiments and kidney calcification in humans is also an increasing globally. As climate change proceeds in the future, increasing CO2-induced calcification of human tissue, causing kidney and cardiovascular disease, may be a serious existential threat.
Karyotypic Study in Some Iranian Local

A karyotypic study was performed on 12 Iranian local onion (Allium cepa L.) populations. A number of mitotic cells at metaphase stage for each population were prepared. Chromosomes of suitable mitotic cells were counted and various parameters, including long arm (L), short arm (S), total length of chromosome (TL), relative length of chromosome (RL), arm ratio (AR), r-value, total chromosome volume (TCV) and centromeric index (CI), were measured. All populations were diploid with 2n=2x=16 and they were differentiated by their karyotype formula and parameters. Chromosome length varied in the populations and the highest quantity of chromatinic material was found in BehdashtShahrud onion. The onion populations under study occupied classes 1A and 2A of Stebbins’ karyotype classification, indicating the presence of a primitive symmetrical karyotype in these populations. The mean chromosome length ranged from 8.54 to 11.97 μm. Haploid genome length was in the range of 67.79 to 96.65 μm and mean centromeric index (CI) of complements varied from 41.1 to 43.7%. The chromosome types were detected as mostly metacentrics “m” and some submetacentrics “sm”, showing the karyotype formula of 8m (two populations), 7m+1sm (eight populations) and 6m+2sm (two populations). The cluster analysis using chromosomal parameters and based on Ward’s minimum variance algorithm assigned the populations into two groups.
Occurrence of Endoparasites in Indigenous Zambian Dogs

Abstract This study was conducted in the country of Zambia, Southern Africa, to investigate the occurrence of endo-parasites in indigenous Zambian dogs. Faecal samples were collected from 41 indigenous Zambian dogs from different areas of the Mbabala region in the Southern province of Zambia during the “hot wet” season, although at the time that the samples were collected, the country was experiencing a drought. Faecal samples were analysed using the concentration flotation method with zinc sulphate for the determination of the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. The most prevalent parasites were species from the family Ancylostomatidae (65.0 % infection rate) which followed by: Isospora canis (9.8 %), Dipylidium caninum (4.8 %), and Toxascaris leonina (2.4 %). There were in addition, two cases of co-infections with the family Ancylostomatidae and D. caninum, as well as the family Ancylostomatidae and I. canis.
Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination

Seeds: Germination, Structure, and Composition. Seed Development and Maturation. Development-Regulation and Maturation. Cellular Events during Germination and Seedling Growth. Dormancy and the Control of Germination. Some Ecophysiological Aspects of Germination. Mobilization of Stored Seed Reserves. Control of the Mobilization of Stored Reserves. Seeds and Germination: Some Agricultural and Industrial Aspects. Index.
Physical environment in the Gulf of Bothnia

The Gulf of Bothnia contains about 29% of the whole water volume of the Baltic Sea. The water exchange between the Baltic proper and the Gulf is good, which results in a water renewal time of about 4 to 5 yrs. The dynamics and thermodynamics of the Gulf of Bothnia are guided by hydrological, meteorological and, partly, topographical factors, such as freshwater supply, wind over sea, sun radiation, sea ice and sill depth between the sub-basins, The water mass is vertically divided into two layers with a halocline at 50 to 60 m depth. The deep water, below 60 m, mainly originates from the upper layer of the Baltic proper and has a salinity of 6-7 psu. In the surface layer, a thermocline develops each summer. This upper well-mixed layer is, on average, 15 m deep. The north to south water transport mainly occurs in this surface layer along the coasts, with a tendency to cyclonic circulation. It is, however, strongly wind-dependent and thus intermittent in time, On a long time scale, pulse-like wind events produce on average an eastbound current drift in the open sea. The river runoff causes a slow southbound current drift of diluted freshwater along the western region of the Bothnian Sea. Distribution and deposition of dissolved and particulate matter occurs with several types of transport mechanisms. Our measurements during 1991 show that in the surface water, substances can be distributed right across the Bothnian Sea in about one to two weeks, but perhaps more normally in about one month, The geographical extension of the accumulation bottoms is most often limited to areas deeper than 40 m. Transport of particulate matter can however also occur below this critical depth especially during periods of strong winds, forcing wind waves of sufficient wave length and amplitude to erode bottom particulate matter.
Evaluation of Moringa oleifera leaf in laying hens: effects on laying performance, egg quality, plasma biochemistry and organ histopathological indices

Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementary Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) on performance, egg quality, plasma parameters and organ histopathological indices of layers. A total of 360 27-week-old Hy-Line Grey commercial layers were randomly allotted to four groups. Each group consisted of six replicates with 15 birds and 3 birds were placed in one cage. The control group was fed a corn-soybean meal based diet and the experimental groups were fed on control diet supplemented with 5%, 10% or 15% MOL (MOL5, MOL10 and MOL15 group). The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. No significant differences were observed in egg weight or feed intake among all groups (p > .05). The birds in MOL15 group had higher feed conversation ratio and lower egg production compared with those in control group (p < .05). Layers in MOL5 had a deeper yolk colour than those in control group (p < .05). The albumen height and Haugh unit increased with increasing level of MOL when eggs were stored at 4 °C and 28 °C for 4 weeks (p < .05). Layers in MOL15 group had higher aspartate aminotransferase activity and lower uric acid concentration than other groups (p < .05). Layers in MOL10 and MOL15 groups had higher malondialdehyde content than those in control group (p < .05). Supplementary MOL increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 5% MOL could improve yolk colour value and protein absorption without adverse effects on laying performance and egg quality.
Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Bagasse Sugarcane Extracts

The objective of this work is to determine phytochemical contents including total phenolic, total flavonoids and total triterpenoid in ethanolic extracts of 2 varieties of sugarcane bagasse. The results showed that the phytochemicals were variable in contents by the sugarcane variety. The highest contents of phytochemical were found in Khon Kaen II extracts which resulted to highest antioxidant activity as well. All phytochemicals were positively corelated to antioxidant activity, especially the free radical scavenging activity when tested by DPPH and ABTS assays and also corelated to reducing power activity by FRAP with modulate value. The obtained results indicated that bagasse is a natural good source of phytochemicals composed of antioxidant activity which would be developed these extracts for further health benefit products.