Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
About the significance of PD measurements in liquids

This paper presents investigations concerning the variations and significance of PD measurements in mineral oil, when detectors with different frequency response are used. Typical durations of discharge phenomena in liquids are much longer than in other media, and the measurement technique must be adapted accordingly. However, depending on the application concerned, this is not always possible. In this study, experiments and calculations are carried out to determine typical errors produced when classical RLC measurement impedances with various frequency responses are used to measure PD's in liquids. Experiments are done with corona and creeping discharges in mineral oil, and compared with corona and spark discharges in air. These examples allow us to conclude that when a calibrated high frequency PD measurement system is used, the ratio of measured to actual charge is much lower for discharges in liquids than in gases. If measurements are carried out on a practical device that may include various types of PD sources, the high frequency measurement system will strongly underestimate discharges in liquids compared to other discharge types. This discrepancy versus discharge type increases when the frequency response of the measurement system is increased.
Reduction Rate of Cr2O3 in a Solid Powder State and in CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–CaF2 Slags by Fe–C–Si Melts

In order to understand effective conditions to recover chromium from stainless steel-making slags, the kinetic behavior of Cr 2 O 3 reduction by iron-carbon melts were investigated at various conditions by using solid Cr 2 O 3 powder and Cr 2 O 3 -CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -CaF 2 slags. The effect of temperature on the reduction rate of solid Cr 2 O 3 was fairly large and the apparent activation energy was about 180 kJ mol -1 . The overall reduction of solid Cr 2 O 3 was considered to be controlled by a chemical reaction step. For reduction of Cr 2 O 3 in slag, the addition of CaF 2 to slag and of silicon to iron melt promoted the reduction rate, but the reduction of Cr 2 O 3 powder was retarded by the silicon addition. The kinetic behavior of reduction of Cr 2 O 3 in slag could be well simulated by the kinetic reaction model proposed previously. As a result, it was found that the overall reduction rate of Cr 2 O 3 in slag was controlled by the mass transport in the slag phase.
HPLC Analysis of Water-Soluble Vitamins (B2, B3, B6, B12, and C) and Fat-Soluble Vitamins (E, K, D, A, and β-Carotene) of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Okra is consumed as a vegetable by populations in Africa and Asia and particularly in Egypt. In this study, we investigated some nutritional components of okra grown in four different geographical locations of Egypt. A comparative analysis of water-soluble vitamins (B2, B3, B6, B12, and C) and fat-soluble vitamins (E, K, D, A, and β-carotene) in okra pods was carried out. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed three clusters of varieties. The first cluster included the Dakahlia (D) and Kafr El-Sheikh (K) varieties. The second and the third clusters separated out the Suez (S) and Mansoura (M) varieties independently. The S pod showed the highest contents of vitamins B6 (49.81 μg/100 g) and E (1.47 mg/100 g) but contained the lowest contents of vitamins B3 (1.42 μg/100 g) and B12 (undetected). The K pod showed the lowest vitamin C content (11.60 mg/100 g). The M pod showed the highest contents of vitamins B3 (22.70 μg/100 g), B12 (91.20 μg/100 g), C (27.14 mg/100 g), and K (0.21 mg/100 g). The D pod showed the lowest contents of vitamins E (0.15 mg/100 g), K (0.05 mg/100 g), and B6 (11.50 μg/100 g). These findings could help develop meal planning at the community level by incorporating okra varieties with high vitamin content.
Transparent conducting properties of SrSnO3 and ZnSnO3

We report optical properties of doped n-type SrSnO3 and ZnSnO3 in relation to potential application as transparent conductors. We find that the orthorhombic distortion of the perovskite structure in SrSnO3 leads to absorption in the visible as the doping level is increased. This arises from interband transitions. We find that strain tuning could modify this absorption, but does not eliminate it. On the other hand, we find that ZnSnO3 although also having a non-cubic structure, can retain excellent transparency when doped, making it a good candidate transparent conductor.
Adsorption of single-ring model naphthenic acids on soils

The adsorption of single-ring model naphthenic acids on soils was investigated using a batch partitioning method. The influence of the molecular structure of the sorbate, the organic carbon content of the sorbent, the tempera- ture, the solution salt (calcium chloride) concentration, and the pH on the adsorption isotherms was determined. The adsorption coefficients (Kd) for two structurally related model naphthenic acids, 4-methycyclohexaneacetic acid (4MACH) and 4-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid (4MCCH), were 0.18 and 0.11 mL/g, respectively. The Kd values determined for the individual cis and trans isomers were equal for a given model naphthenic acid within the experi- mental precision of the data. In contrast to reported differences observed for the biodegradation of geometric isomers of model naphthenic acids, the structure of the cis and trans isomers investigated had negligible effects on the mea- sured adsorption isotherms. The adsorption coefficients of 4MACH for two soils with organic carbon contents of 1.6 and 2.7% were 0.18 and 0.22 mL/g, respectively. For the two temperatures studied, similar Kd values were obtained for 4MACH (0.18 mL/g at 23°C and 0.21 mL/g at 4°C), indicating a predominantly physical adsorption process. Inorganic salt solutions of calcium chloride (CaCl2) had significant effects on adsorption as the Kd increased from 0.10 to 0.22 mL/g within the range of pore fluid chemistry investigated (0-30 mM CaCl2). Likewise, the adsorption of 4MACH was significantly influenced by pH with the Kd being 0.20, 0.18, and 0.11 mL/g in acidic (pH 2.9), neutral (pH 6.8), and alkaline solutions (pH 10), respectively. The low values of Kd indicated that there would be little adsorp- tion of the single-ring model naphthenic acids by soils. This will result in high partitioning to the water column in aquatic environments.
High Performance Anodes for SOFCs Operating in Methane-Air Mixture at Reduced Temperatures

Electrocatalytic oxidation of methane over anodes in single-chamber solid oxide fuel cells, 0-10 wt % Pd-30 wt % Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 (samaria-doped ceria, SDC)-Ni|SDC|Sm 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3 , was studied in a mixture of methane and air between 450 and 550°C. The addition of a small amount of Pd (0.145 mg cm 2 ) to the anode significantly promoted the partial oxidation of methane by oxygen to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which resulted in electromotive forces of ca. 900 mV from the cell and extremely small electrode-reaction resistances of the anode. The peak power densities, when using a 0.15 mm thick SDC electrolyte, reached 644, 467, and 269 mW cm -2 at 550, 500, and 450°C, respectively.
Adubação nitrogenada na cultura do feijoeiro em plantio convencional

The beans varietes, TPS Nobre and Perola were grown during the summer season of 2001/2002, in Santa Maria, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with the objectives of study the application timing and spplitting of nitrogem in conventional tillage. The nitrogen was applied at planting (15kg ha-1 in all treatments) a single rate at 14, 21, 28 and 35 DAE and at the same times in two applications: 50% + 50% of the dose, 30% + 70% of the dose, 70% + 30% of the dose. The experimental was in randomized blocks design with four replications, with split-plot. It was not verified interaction between time and nitrogen portionin. Moreover, TPS Nobre grain yield was 49% higher than variety Perola. Higher grain yield was obtained through the application of nitrogen full rate at 21, however good results were obtained with the portionong of the nitrogen fertilization (50% 14 DAE + 50% 21 DAE), (70% 14 DAE + 30% 28 DAE) e (30% 21 DAE + 70% 28 DAE). The nitrogen application after 28 DAE did not provided high grain yields.
Increasing Hepatitis C Virus RNA Levels in Hemophiliacs: Relationship to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Liver Disease

We have previously observed an increased frequency of liver failure in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected hemophiliacs. The purpose of this study was to quantitate hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels in serial samples from HIV-seropositive (HIV + ) and HIV-seronegative (HIV - ) hemophiliacs before and after HIV seroconversion, and to examine the relationship of HCV RNA levels to CD4 cell counts and to hepatic dysfunction over time. HCV RNA levels were measured on serial samples of serum stored frozen from 17 HCV + /HIV + and 17 HCV + /HIV - subjects matched within 5 years of their birth dates. All were HCV + before study entry. HCV RNA levels were quantitated by a branched DNA-enhanced label amplification (bDNA) assay
Location of Aluminum in Substituted Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C‐S‐H) Gels as Determined by 29Si and 27Al NMR and EELS

Solid-state 27 Al and 29 Si magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy has been combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy carried out in the transmission electron microscope to determine the location of Al substituting in a semicrystalline C-S-H gel present in a hydrated synthetic slag glass. The gel is found to contain mainly pentameric silicate chains in which the central silicon is substituted by aluminum
Gas Condensate Reservoir Modeling, Part I: From Deterministics To Stochastics

Abstract For gas condensates, black oil models and at best modified black oil models are limited and inadequate due to their deterministic nature. Gas condensate models, which will match the required adequacy and serve in the development of techniques that can ensure optimal recovery, need to be stochastic in nature. In the near future, this will become increasingly important as gas gradually becomes more prominent in the world's petroleum energy generation platform.
Infrared spectrum of the water formaldehyde complex in solid argon and solid nitrogen

Infrared spectra of the water formaldehyde complex in argon and nitrogen matrices have been obtained. The complex shifts of the water fundamentals clearly show that water forms a hydrogen bond with formaldehyde. HDO prefers to form a D bond, but a metastable H‐bonded complex is observed in nitrogen matrices below 20 K.
Cardiac performance during graded exercise in acute hypoxia

To evaluate the cardiocirculatory changes induced by acute hypoxic stress, rate corrected electro-mechanical systole (QS2)) left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and preejection period (PEP) were determined in 11 healthy males at sea level (SL) and after 2 h at a simulated altitude (HA) of 4,300 m. Recordings were made at rest and at 15 min of upright bicycle exercise at light and moderately heavy loads (40 and 75% of Vo2 max, respectively). Venous blood was withdrawn simultaneously for estimation of total plasma catecholamines (CATS). Exposure to HA produced a significant decrease in each interval at rest with differences narrowing progressively with exercise of increasing intensity. PEP/LVET ratio decreased progressively with graded exercise at SL indicating an enhancement of left ventricular performance that was directly related to the elevation in plasma CATS. Cardiac performance was augmented at rest during HA exposure, despite a normal level of CATS. However, during moderately heavy exercise at HA, when the plasma CATS were increased to twice the SL values, cardiac performance, as reflected by the PEP/LVET ratio, did not increase proportionately. It is postulated that the depressant effect of increased hypoxemia and acidosis during moderately heavy exercise in HA may override the cardiostimulatory influence of circulating CATS.
The chemistry of aluminium in strongly acidified sandy soil in Poland

Summary Organically-bound Al in acidic, base-poor sandy soils seems to be a major contributor to dissolved Al. This hypothesis has been tested under field conditions at two intensely acidified sites. The research was conducted at the agricultural trial fields at Lyczyn, Poland, which have been fertilized continuously for 30 yr with 130 kg ha−1 a−1 N (as NH4NO3 or urea). The effect of depletion of Al on its solubility was also studied. Field data confirmed that mobilized Al originates largely in the organically bound fraction of soil Al. Depletion of this fraction resulted in a considerable decrease in the mobility of Al such that, at pH = 3.0 and reaction times of a few weeks, small amounts of Al were mobilized. Apparently, the rate at which Al is dissolved from structural silicates, which are abundant in the soil investigated, is small. This suggests that at sites in Poland most exposed to acid deposition, where the rates of soil acidification and depletion of organically-bound Al are greatest, both the concentration of Al and the soil solution pH are expected to decline with time.
Atomic force microscope tip-induced anodization of titanium film for nanofabrication of oxide patterns

Nanometer-scale oxide patterns were fabricated on Ti films deposited on Si(100) surface by means of atomic force microscope tip-induced anodization. The application of a negative bias voltage to a heavily doped silicon tip relative to the sample substrate permitted nanoscale lines and dots of titanium oxide to be formed directly on the titanium surfaces. Their sizes were dependent on the relative humidity, the scanning rate of the tip, and the pulse duration time. The spatial resolution of titanium oxide patterns was improved by increasing the tip scan rate and also by lowering the relative humidity. The smallest linewidth obtained in this experiment was about 18 nm. With increasing pulse duration time, the growth rate of oxide rapidly decreased. This result can be attributed to the decrease of the transport rate of ionic species through the existing oxide layer due to a reduction of electric field strength with increasing the oxide thickness.
Analyse pédologique et sédimentologique des sols alluviaux et paléosols des terrasses d’inondation

Cette etude porte sur la dynamique fluviale des rivieres du sud du Quebec et plus particulierement sur le developpement des sols alluviaux assujettis aux recurrences d'inondation. La frequence des evenements d'inondation dans les bassins du centre-sud du Quebec, soit le long de la riviere Saint-Francois et de ses principaux tributaires, entraine un apport constant de sediments de crues sur les terrasses et provoque le developpement de sols jeunes et peu evolues. Les analyses granulometriques et physico-chimiques realisees ont permis de mieux comprendre la dynamique de formation des terrasses alluviales ainsi que le developpement des sols associes a ces environnements fluviaux. Les analyses sedimentologiques (texture et epaisseur des couches) combinees aux datations radiocarbones ( 14 C) ont permis d'evaluer les taux de sedimentation le long des terrasses. Les datations 14 C obtenues a partir des couches organiques enfouies dans les terrasses indiquent des âges relativement variables, soit entre 2210 ± 60 ans et 30 ± 70 ans AA selon les secteurs d'etude. Enfin, les donnees recueillies revelent une importante accumulation sedimentaire qui temoigne de la recurrence des inondations dans cette region. On evalue que les apports annuels lors des crues sont de l'ordre de 0,5 a 3,5 cm an -1 en moyenne, ce qui provoque au cours des annees un rehaussement du niveau des terrasses. De plus, la presence de couches contaminees aux hydrocarbures C 10 -C 50 observees le long des terrasses a permis d'evaluer les apports alluvionnaires qui sont de l'ordre de 1,84 a 3,55 cm an -1 . La variabilite des taux sedimentaires depend en grande partie du contexte geomorphologique et de la dynamique fluviale propre a chacun des secteurs d'etude.
Determining the Critical Bulking Agent Requirement For Municipal Biosolids Composting

Air space within municipal biosolids composting feedstock is an important design and operating consideration. Bulking agents, such as woodchips, are required to ensure adequate air space levels are maintained. The purpose of the study was to report on the use of bench-scale air space tests to identify the critical bulking agent requirement (CBAR). CBAR was defined as the minimum amount of bulking agent required to maintain adequate pore space oxygen levels. Bench-scale air space tests were correlated to full-scale windrow composting performance, particularly pore space oxygen levels. Four volumetric ratios of municipal biosolids and woodchips were tested ranging from 1:1 to 1:4 (biosolids:wood-chips). The traditional soil physics methodology was used to determine total air space (TAS). A new step was added to the method which allowed one to also determine the free air space (FAS) within the sample. In addition, the effect of compaction on TAS and FAS was also investigated. Windrows were monitored for pile temperature and pore space oxygen concentration. At the end of the run, maturity, fecal coliform density, and the presence of salmonella were determined. The heavy metal content of the feedstock material, finished compost, and recycled woodchips were also determined. For the materials tested, biosolids and woodchips, the CBARs, to achieve a FAS of ≥20% and a minimum pore space oxygen content of ≥5%, were estimated as 1:2.5 and 1:2.8 (biosolids:woodchips; vol:vol), respectively. Assuming a target pore space oxygen level of > 5%, the recommended air space value depended on the test method used, and ranged from 26 to 61%. Bench-scale air space values were found to correlate to windrow pore space oxygen levels and operating temperature. A significant thermophilic period was not observed in any of the recipes tested. It was speculated this was caused by the coarse particle size of the woodchips. Based on the observations of the metal contents of the materials used in this investigation, the metal content of recycled material should be considered when evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of using recycled woodchips as a bulking agent.
Composition and distinctive volatile flavour characteristics of the essential oil from Australian-grown ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Gas chromatographic analysis revealed the qualitative composition of the essential oil from Australiangrown ginger to be similar to that of oils from other areas. The major constituents are a group of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons based on the bisabolene carbon skeleton. These compounds are accompanied by a number of monoterpene hydrocarbons and other substances. However, of particular interest, is the presence of a relatively high proportion of geranial and neral. These compounds are believed to invest Australian-grown ginger oil with a distinctive ‘citrus-like’ aroma.
Recovery of 15N-labeled fertilizer by spring bread wheat at different N rates and application times.

Optimal N fertilization can improve the yield and quality of spring bread wheat in eastern Canada. This study aimed to determine the economical N rate for the production of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'AC Pollet') and to compare the effect of application times on the efficiency of fertilizer N use. The experiment was conducted during 2 yr on two sites of Sainte-Rosalie clay loam. The experimental treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 kg ha−1) as the main plots and the application times of fertilizer N (15NH415NO3 applied at seeding and booting stages) as the subplots. Grain yield, grain protein concentration and straw N content of wheat were increased significantly with N application rates. The economic N rates were 90 and 120 kg ha−1 for 1993 and 1994, respectively. The recovery of 15N-labeled fertilizer (%FNR) in grain and straw was higher when applied at booting stage than at seeding in both years. In 1993, FNR varied from 37.8 to 45.7% for s.
Computational entropy estimation of linear polyether-modified surfaces and correlation with protein resistant properties of such surfaces

The non-specific adsorption of proteins on surfaces is a well-known and mostly undesirable phenomena, which is reduced by a surface coating with the linear polyether poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the current benchmark material. However, the molecular mechanism of protein-resistant surfaces is still not fully understood. Two main hypotheses are generally applied. The first one is steric repulsion of the highly flexible tethered polymer chains, leading to an entropic penalty by adsorption of proteins due to the reduction in polymer chain mobility. The second one argues with well-hydrated polymer chains generating a repulsive interfacial water layer. In this article, we compare the three different protein-resistant polyether structures PEG, linear polyglycerol (LPG(OH)) and linear poly(methyl glycerol) (LPG(OMe)) to get new insights into the molecular mechanism behind protein resistance. In a theoretical approach, we apply an entropy estimator that assesses the conformational states of the tethered polyethers from MD simulations. It reveals the entropy differences between these polyethers to be in the order PEG>LPG(OH) > LPG(OMe). Moreover, experiments on fibrinogen adsorption of these surfaces via surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy are performed and correlated with the theoretical studies. We find that protein resistant properties of surfaces are likely to arise from an interplay of different factors.
Simultaneous Analysis of the Coloring Compounds in Indigo, Phellodendron bark, and Madder Dye Using HPLC-DAD-MS

Indigotin, indirubin, berberine, palmatine, alizarin, and purpurin are major pigments of indigo plant, Phellodendron bark, and madder. The six pigments were examined using the HPLC-DAD-MS instrument for the purpose of the simultaneous detection of the pigments in a single sample run. The HPLC-DAD-MS method examined the individual pigment solutions in DMSO, a solution containing 6 pigments, and the DMSO extract of the silk dyed with a dye solution of 5 pigments excluding indirubin. The retention times of the HPLC chromatograms, of the uv-vis absorption bands in the DAD analyses, and the molecular ions detected for the compound peaks in the MSD analyses were consistent throughout the analyses of individual pigment solutions, mixed pigment solutions, and dye extracted from silk dyeing. The developed instrumental method of the simultaneous detection of six pigments can identify dye in an exhumed textile if the textile is dyed using any one (or multiple) pigments of indigo, Phellodendron bark, or madder plant.
Role of Research and Development in Smart Specialisation of EU regions and its Effect on Labour Productivity

Regional development and its role in the context of economic growth of the country has been gaining more attention in the last decades. European Union has been shifting its attention towards regional development which reflects in the new strategy called Smart Specialisation. One of the important driving forces of regional growth is research and development. Higher education institutions play important role in this area as well as in the development of human capital in the region. We firstly compared NUTS 2 regions in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and according to selected indicators of research and development. We also applied cluster analysis in order to classify similar regions into same clusters. The main aim of our research is to test potential link between intensity of research and development within the concept of smart specialisation of the region and labour productivity in the region. We used factor analysis and regression analysis based on the data crosssectional data for all NUTS 2 regions in the EU. Our results suggest that focus on research and development within the region is positively correlated with higher labour productivity. More scientific publications and patents are positively linked to higher productivity in the region.