Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fusion of musical contents, brain activity and short term physiological signals for music- emotion recognition

Detecting and classifying emotions from EEG signals has been reported to be a complex and subject dependent task. In this study we propose a multi-modal machine learning approach, combining EEG and Audio features for music emotion recognition using a categorical model of emotions. The dataset used consists of film music that was carefully created to induce strong emotions. Five emotion categories were adopted: Fear, Anger, Happy, Tender and Sad. EEG data was obtained from three male participants listening to the labeled music excerpts. The emotion classification accuracy from the stand-alone EEG system achieved 76.70%, 81.35% and 77.23% for three participants using Support Vector Machines (SVM). EEG and Audio features were extracted, and later we applied machine learning techniques to study the improvement in the emotion recognition task using multi-modal features. Both feature types were extracted using a frame based approach. Feature level fusion was adopted to combine EEG and Audio features. The results show that the multimodal system outperformed the EEG mono modal system with classification accuracies of 85.59%, 89.11% and 88.21% for three subjects. Additionally, we evaluated the contribution of each audio feature in the classification performance of the multimodal system. Preliminary results indicate a significant contribution of individual audio features in the classification accuracy, we also found that various audio features that noticeably contributed in the classification accuracy were also reported in previous research studying the correlation between audio features and emotion ratings using the same dataset. These results conclude that there is some relevant and important acoustic information in the audio features which could improve the performance of the emotion recognition system. Furthermore, we propose a framework for dealing with emotion recognition from physiological signals measured in short duration. Results show that certain features from skin conductance and heart rate variability were found efficient in the emotion classification task, thus the role of the activation of the autonomic nervous system in emotion recognition.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE WITH PLUMBAGO CAPENSIS L. AQUEOUS ROOT EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY

Plumbago capensis root extract can be effectively used in synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The minimum concentration of the extract required to synthesis was 100µl. The silver nanos so synthesized had a maximum absorption of 419nm at UV-VIS spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis indicates capping of the silver nanoparticles. The Scanning and Transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical to oblong shaped particles of 18.69 nm to 46.71nm in length. Curvularia lunata and Aspergillus fumigatus was inhibited by 100% at 1000 µg/ml silver nanoparticles. The MIC value for C. lunata was 300 µg/ml and A. fumigatus was between 750- 1000 µg/ml respectively.
Investigating the Efficiency of WordNet as Background Knowledge for Document Clustering

Traditional techniques of document clustering do not consider the semantic relationships between words when assigning documents to clusters. For instance, if two documents talk about the same topic but by using different words, these techniques may assign documents to different clusters. Many efforts have approached this problem by enriching the document’s representation with background knowledge from WordNet. These efforts, however, often showed conflicting results: While some researches claimed that WordNet had the potential to improve the clustering performance by its capability to capture and estimate similarities between words, other researches claimed that WordNet provided little or no enhancement to the obtained clusters. This work aims to experimentally resolve this contradiction between the two teams, and explain why WordNet could be useful in some cases while not in others, and what factors can influence the use of WordNet for document clustering. We conducted a set of experiments in which WordNet was used for document clustering with various settings including different datasets, different ways of incorporating semantics into the document’s representation and different similarity measures. Results showed that different experimental settings may yield different clusters: For example, the influence of WordNet’s semantic features varies according to the dataset being used. Results also revealed that WordNet-based similarity measures do not seem to improve clustering, and that there was no certain measure to ensure the best clustering results.
Live-Cell Imaging Reveals Periarbuscular Membrane Domains and Organelle Location in Medicago truncatula Roots during Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

In the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, the fungal symbiont colonizes root cortical cells, where it establishes differentiated hyphae called arbuscules. As each arbuscule develops, the cortical cell undergoes a transient reorganization and envelops the arbuscule in a novel symbiosis-speciﬁc membrane, called the periarbuscular membrane. The periarbuscular membrane, which is continuous with the plant plasma membrane of the cortical cell, is a key interface in the symbiosis; however, relatively little is known of its composition or the mechanisms of its development. Here, we used ﬂuorescent protein fusions to obtain both spatial and temporal information about the protein composition of the periarbuscular membrane. The data indicate that the periarbuscular membrane is composed of at least two distinct domains, an “arbuscule branch domain” that contains the symbiosis-speciﬁc phosphate transporter, MtPT4, and an “arbuscule trunk domain” that contains MtBcp1. This suggests a developmental transition from plasma membrane to periarbuscular membrane, with biogenesis of a novel membrane domain associated with the repeated dichotomous branching of the hyphae. Additionally, we took advantage of available organelle-speciﬁc ﬂuorescent marker proteins to further evaluate cells during arbuscule development and degeneration. The three- dimensional data provide new insights into relocation of Golgi and peroxisomes and also illustrate that cells with arbuscules can retain a large continuous vacuolar system throughout development. imaged within 30 min of preparation, and cell viability in this system was observed over 3 h after sample preparation. were imaged using a Leica TCS-SP5 confocal microscope (Leica Microsys-tems) with a 63 3 , numerical aperture1.2 water-immersion objective. GFP was excited with the blue argon ion laser (488 nm), and emitted ﬂuorescence was collected from 505 to 545 nm; mCherry was excited with the Diode-Pumped Solid State laser at 561 nm, and ﬂuorescence was from Controls were to ensure no crossover between and MtPT4-GFP, and of 20 for of ﬁve independently transformed root systems for each construct. In all the interpretations data sets. The ﬁgures included in this are representative images.
Machine Learning for Enabling ActiveMeasurements in IoT Environments

With the explosion of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, network operators try to provide more and more new services related to IoT. For traditional services, operators are accustomed to using IP-layer active measurements for assessing end-to-end network performance to ensure the quality of service (QoS). Similarly, they also want to use the same methods to assess end-to-end network performance in IoT systems. However, due to the resource-constrained IoT environment, intrusive active measurements may induce energy and network overhead, which are sensitive topics for IoT applications. The thesis investigates a new approach where network performance metrics, such as packet loss and round-trip time, are predicted from network and environmental features, such as topology information, packet statistics, and environmental sensing features. The overarching goal is to lower the impact of active measurements adjusting into resource-constrained IoT systems. The prediction functionality is based upon supervised machine learning algorithms. In this thesis, we discuss how this functionality can be implemented as part of the IoT network management system with an active measurement proxy. Evaluation of the predictive functionality is based on extensive experimentation on the EWSN’17 testbed. Probe packets are sent periodically to estimate network performance metrics. Simultaneously, device and infrastructure metrics are collected from each network node. After collecting the data, an ML (Machine learning) pipeline is used to learn the relation between accessible features and target service metrics. To predict service-level metrics, the thesis specifically evaluates two prediction models based on statistical learning methods including linear and tree-based regression algorithms. The results for different scenarios and topologies show that the new approach can accurately estimate the service-level network performance metrics for wireless sensor networks with error rates lower than 10% for RTT and 16% for 20min average loss (NMAE).
That Induce Chronic Inflammation Selection Leading to Autoreactive T Cells Thymic Involution Perturbs Negative

Thymic involution and the subsequent ampliﬁed release of autoreactive T cells increase the susceptibility toward developing autoimmunity, but whether they induce chronic inﬂammation with advanced age remains unclear. The presence of chronic low-level proinﬂammatory factors in elderly individuals (termed inﬂammaging) is a signiﬁcant risk factor for morbidity and mortality in virtually every chronic age-related disease. To determine how thymic involution leads to the persistent release and activation of autoreactive T cells capable of inducing inﬂammaging, we used a Foxn1 conditional knockout mouse model that induces accelerated thymic involution while maintaining a young periphery. We found that thymic involution leads to T cell activation shortly after thymic egress, which is accompanied by a chronic inﬂammatory phenotype consisting of cellular inﬁltration into non– lymphoid tissues, increased TNF- a production, and elevated serum IL-6. Autoreactive T cell clones were detected in the periphery of Foxn1 conditional knockout mice. A failure of negative selection, facilitated by decreased expression of Aire rather than impaired regulatory T cell generation, led to autoreactive T cell generation. Furthermore, the young environment can reverse age-related regulatory T cell accumulation in naturally aged mice, but not inﬂammatory inﬁltration. Taken together, these ﬁndings identify thymic involution and the persistent activation of autoreactive T cells as a contributing source of chronic inﬂammation (inﬂammaging). The Journal of Immunology , 2015, 194: 000–000.
Is Impaired in Hepatitis C Virus Infection CD4 T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells TLR Ligand-Dependent Activation of Naive

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by diminished numbers and function of HCV-reactive T cells and impaired responses to immunization. Because host response to viral infection likely involves TLR signaling, we examined whether chronic HCV infection impairs APC response to TLR ligand and contributes to the origin of dysfunctional T cells. Freshly puriﬁed myeloid dendritic cells (MDC) and plasmacytoid DC (PDC) obtained from subjects with chronic HCV infection and healthy controls were exposed to TLR ligands (poly(I:C), R-848, or CpG), in the presence or absence of cytokine (TNF- (cid:1) or IL-3), and examined for indices of maturation and for their ability to activate allogeneic naive CD4 T cells to proliferate and secrete IFN- (cid:2) . TLR ligand was observed to enhance both MDC and PDC activation of naive CD4 T cells. Although there was increased CD83 and CD86 expression on MDC from HCV-infected persons, the ability of MDC to activate naive CD4 T cells in the presence or absence of poly(I:C) or TNF- (cid:1) did not differ between HCV-infected and healthy control subjects. In contrast, PDC from HCV-infected persons had reduced activation marker (HLA-DR) and cytokine (IFN- (cid:1) ) expression upon R-848 stimulation, and these were associated with impaired activation of naive CD4 T cells. These data indicate that an impaired PDC responsiveness to TLR ligation may play an important role in the fundamental and unexplained failure to induce new T cell responses to HCV Ags and to other new Ags as a consequence of HCV infection. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 178: 4436–4444. Kruskal-Wallis’ We Wilcoxon’s rank sum test to compare paired variables vs absence of stimulus). We compared proportions by Fisher’s exact test. assess as- sociations between continuous variables, we used Spearman’s rank correlation coefﬁcient, as well as partial correlations to control for the effect of intervening variables when needed. All tests of signiﬁcance are two-sided, and a p value (cid:4) 0.05 was considered to be signiﬁcant.
-y-Glutamyltranspeptidase from Escherichia coli K-12: Purification and Properties

y-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) (EC 2.3.2.2) was purified from the periplasmic fraction of Escherichia coli K-12 to electrophoretic homogeneity. The final purification step, chromatofocusing, gave two protein peaks showing GGT activity (fractions A and B). The major heavy fraction (fraction A) consisted of two different subunits, with molecular weights of 39,200 and 22,000. The minor light fraction (fraction B) consisted of those with molecular weights of 38,600 and 22,000. Fraction A catalyzes the hydrolysis and transpeptidation of all -y-glutamyl compounds tested, but it prefers basic amino acids and aromatic amino acids as acceptors. The apparent Km values for glutathione and y-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide as y-glutamyl donors in the transpeptidation reaction were both 35 ,uM, and those for glycylglycine and L-arginine as acceptors were 0.59 and 0.21 M, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by some amino acids and by protease inhibitors and affinity-labeling reagents for GGT. The temperature stability of the purified GGT supports our hypothesis that E. coli GGT is synthesized only at lower temperature rather than that the synthesized GGT is degraded or inactivated at higher temperature. -y-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the hydrolysis of -y-glutamyl compounds (i.e., glutathione) and the transfer of their -y-glutamyl
Finite time blow up of complex solutions of the conserved Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation in R d , d (cid:21) 1

We consider complex-valued solutions of the conserved Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation which describes the coarsening of an unstable solid surface that con-serves mass and that is parity symmetric. This equation arises in diﬀerent aspects of surface growth. Up to now, the problem of existence and smoothness of global solutions of such equations remained open in R d , d ≥ 1. In this article, we answer partially to this question. We prove the ﬁnite time blow up of complex-valued solutions associated to a class of large initial data, more precisely, we show that there is complex-valued initial data that exists in every Besov space (and hence in every Lebesgue and Sobolev space), such that after a ﬁnite time, the complex-valued solution is in no Besov space (and hence in no Lebesgue or Sobolev space).
Title : Intracellular activation of complement C3 leads to PD-L1 antibody treatment resistance by modulating tumor-associated macrophages

Complement aids in the construction of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor cell–derived C3 has been previously reported, but whether and how it acts on antitumor immunity remains to be elucidated. Here, we describe a mechanism for tumor cell–derived C3 in suppressing antitumor immunity. Tumor cell–derived C3 was activated intracellularly, which results in generation of C3a. C3a modulated tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) via C3a-C3aR-PI3Kγ signaling, thereby repressing antitumor immunity. Deletion of C3 in tumor cells that had high C3 expression enhanced efficacy of anti–PD-L1 treatment. Collectively, our results suggest tumor cell derived C3 may be a useful target for cancer immunotherapy and that targeting C3 in tumor cells may enhance antitumor immunity. subcutaneously into C57BL/6 mice or C3 knockout mice, and tumor growth was monitored (n=6-8 mice per group). A two-way ANOVA ( G , H , I , J and J ) was used to evaluate statistical significance (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001). Data at least are a representative of three independent experiments.
The Effect of Television Advertising in United States Elections

e provide a comprehensive assessment of the influence of television advertising on United States election outcomes from 2000 – 2018. We expand on previous research by including presidential, Senate, House, gubernatorial, Attorney General, and state Treasurer elections and using both difference-in-differences and border-discontinuity research designs to help identify the causal effect of advertising. We find that televised broadcast campaign advertising matters up and down the ballot, but it has much larger effects in down-ballot elections than in presidential elections. Using survey and voter registration data from multiple election cycles, we also show that the primary mechanism for ad effects is persuasion, not the mobilization of partisans. Our results have implications for the study of campaigns and elections as well as voter decision making and information processing.
Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS)

Context. 22 GHz water masers are the most intense and widespread masers in star-forming regions. They are commonly associated with protostellar winds and jets emerging from low- and high-mass young stellar objects (YSO). Aims. We wish to perform for the first time a statistical study of the location and motion of individual water maser cloudlets, characterized by typical sizes that are within a few au, with respect to the weak radio thermal emission from YSOs. Methods. For this purpose, we have been carrying out the Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages survey of a sample (38) of high-mass YSOs. The 22 GHz water maser positions and three-dimensional (3D) velocities were determined through multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Array observations with accuracies of a few milliarcsec (mas) and a few km s−1, respectively. The position of the ionized core of the protostellar wind, marking the YSO, was determined through sensitive radio continuum, multi-frequency Jansky Very Large Array observations with a typical error of ≈20 mas. Results. The statistic of the separation of the water masers from the radio continuum shows that 84% of the masers are found within 1000 au from the YSO and 45% of them are within 200 au. Therefore, we can conclude that the 22 GHz water masers are a reliable proxy for locating the position of the YSO. The distribution of maser luminosity is strongly peaked towards low values, indicating that about half of the maser population is still undetected with the current Very Long Baseline Interferometry detection thresholds of 50–100 mJy beam−1. Next-generation, sensitive (at the nJy level) radio interferometers will have the capability to exploit these weak masers for an improved sampling of the velocity and magnetic fields around the YSOs. The average direction of the water maser proper motions provides a statistically-significant estimate for the orientation of the jet emitted by the YSO: 55% of the maser proper motions are directed on the sky within an angle of 30° from the jet axis. Finally, we show that our measurements of 3D maser velocities statistically support models in which water maser emission arises from planar shocks with propagation direction close to the plane of the sky.
Disruption or Mutation of PHO1 Enhances, and Overexpression of PHO1 during Seed Germination and Early Seedling

30 The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) controls many developmental and 31 physiological processes. Here, we report that PHOSPHATE1 (PHO1) participates in 32 ABA-mediated seed germination and early seedling development. The transcription of 33 PHO1 was obviously enhanced during seed germination and early seedling 34 development, and repressed by exogenous ABA. The pho1 mutants ( pho1-2 , pho1-4 , 35 and pho1-5 ) showed ABA-hypersensitive phenotypes, whereas the 36 PHO1 -overexpressing lines were ABA-insensitive during seed germination and early 37 seedling development. The expression of PHO1 was repressed in the 38 ABI5 -overexpressing line and elevated in the abi5 mutant, and ABI5 can bind to 39 PHO1 promoter in vitro and in vivo , indicating that ABI5 directly down-regulated 40 PHO1 expression. Disruption of PHO1 abolished the ABA-insensitive germination 41 phenotypes of abi5 mutant, demonstrating that PHO1 was epistatic to ABI5 . Together, 42 these data demonstrate that PHO1 is involved in ABA-mediated seed germination and 43 early seedling development, and transcriptionally regulated by ABI5. 44
Measurement of the CP -violating phase β in B 0 → J /ψ π + π − decays and limits on penguin effects

Time-dependent CP violation is measured in the ( — ) B 0 → J /ψ π + π − channel for each π + π − resonant ﬁnal state using data collected with an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb − 1 in pp collisions using the LHCb detector. The ﬁnal state with the largest rate, J /ψ ρ 0 ( 770 ) , is used to measure the CP -violating angle 2 β eff to be ( 41 . 7 ± 9 . 6 + 2 . 8 − 6 . 3 ) ◦ . This result can be used to limit the size of penguin amplitude contributions to CP violation measurements in, for example, ( — ) B 0 s → J /ψφ decays. Assuming approximate SU(3) ﬂavour symmetry and neglecting higher order diagrams, the shift in the CP -violating phase φ s is limited to be within the interval [ − 1 . 05 ◦ , + 1 . 18 ◦ ] at 95% conﬁdence level. Changes to the limit due to SU(3) symmetry breaking effects are also discussed. The an under the CC by SCOAP 3 .
Water use in a sugar-cane plantation

The evapotranspiration (E) from a sugar-cane plantation in the southeast Brazil was measured by the eddy covariance method during two consecutive cycles. These represented the second (393 days) and third year (374 days) re-growth (ratoon). The total E in the first cycle was 829 mm, accounting for 69% of rainfall; while in the second cycle it was 690 mm, despite the total rainfall (1353 mm) being 13% greater. The ratio of E to available energy, the evaporative fraction, exhibited a smaller variation between the first and second cycles: 0.58 and 0.51, respectively. The estimated interception losses were 88 and 90 mm, respectively, accounting for approximately 7% of the total rainfall. The sugar-cane yield in the second cycle (61.5±4.0 t ha -1 ) was 26% lower than the first cycle, as well as lower than the regional average for the third ratoon (76 t ha -1 ). The below average yield was associated with less available soil water at the beginning of the cycle, with the amount of rainfall recorded during the first 120 days of re-growth in the second cycle being 16% of that recorded in the first (203 mm).