Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revision of the Ordovician conodont species Fahraeusodus adentatus and the new genus Pohlerodus

Abstract Fahraeusodus adentatus, the type species of Fahraeusodus, is revised based on the re-examination of the original types and a large collection of topotype specimens from the Emanuel Formation (Lower Ordovician) of the Canning Basin in Western Australia. Confirmation of a modified pastinate Pa element in the septimembrate ramiform-pectiniform apparatus of this conodont species has resulted in a redefined generic definition for Fahraeusodus. Based on this newly defined diagnosis of Fahraeusodus and its type species, all other species previously assigned to Fahraeusodus and Texania are reviewed and now placed in Pohlerodus gen. nov., which is erected herein to substitute Texania, which is a junior homonym. Yong Yi Zhen [ yong-yi.zhen@regional.nsw. gov.au ], Geological Survey of New South Wales, W.B. Clarke Geoscience Centre, 947–953 Londonderry Road, Londonderry NSW 2753, Australia.
Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the elder abuse suspicion index in community-dwelling older adults

Background/aim Elder abuse is among the most important ethical issue during the management of older population. The elder abuse suspicion index (EASI) was developed for evaluating abuse in older adults. We aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version EASI-Türkiye (TR) among older adults. Material and methods This study included 89 community-dwelling older adults. The EASI-TR and other scales, including Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test-Türkiye (HS/EAST-TR), YGDS, Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (YGDS), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were administered to all participants. Internal consistency and external validity were assessed. Results EASI-TR revealed an excellent test-retest reliability and acceptable level of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.711). The item-total correlations ranged between 0.296 and 0.701, except for the second item. This test showed significant correlations with the HS/EAST-TR and IADL (p < 0.05), demonstrating good external validity. Conclusion The EASI-TR appears to have acceptable reliability and validity in screening for abuse in older adults. This tool may recognize cases that require additional evaluation in managing of ethical issues.
Evaluation of deep learning models for classification of asphalt pavement distresses

ABSTRACT Transfer learning (TL) offers a convenient methodology for exploiting the capability of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for many image classification tasks including the classification of pavement distresses. Seven state-of-the-art DCNNs were retrained to classify asphalt pavement distresses grouped into eight classes using TL techniques. The aim was to evaluate the predictive performances of the selected DCNNs in order to provide some guidelines on selection of DCNNs for pavement application. The results show some existing DCNN’s are better than others for developing pavement distress classification models using the specific TL approach adopted in the study. The predictive ability of each model varied depending on distress class as some models with very low overall accuracy showed excellent results for individual distress class(s). Based on a combination of various performance metrics including F1-score, area under ROC curve, optimal operating threshold, training time, and model size, the best performing network had a relative score that was found to be significantly higher than the next two top-performing models. The best-performing networks were characterised by lower proportions of false negative values, low ambiguity scores, and well-defined t-SNE clusters that showed clear separation between the eight different pavement distress classes considered.
Interactions between microbiota and cervical epithelial, immune, and mucus barrier

The female reproductive tract harbours hundreds of bacterial species and produces numerous metabolites. The uterine cervix is located between the upper and lower parts of the female genital tract. It allows sperm and birth passage and hinders the upward movement of microorganisms into a relatively sterile uterus. It is also the predicted site for sexually transmitted infection (STI), such as Chlamydia, human papilloma virus (HPV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The healthy cervicovaginal microbiota maintains cervical epithelial barrier integrity and modulates the mucosal immune system. Perturbations of the microbiota composition accompany changes in microbial metabolites that induce local inflammation, damage the cervical epithelial and immune barrier, and increase susceptibility to STI infection and relative disease progression. This review examined the intimate interactions between the cervicovaginal microbiota, relative metabolites, and the cervical epithelial-, immune-, and mucus barrier, and the potent effect of the host-microbiota interaction on specific STI infection. An improved understanding of cervicovaginal microbiota regulation on cervical microenvironment homeostasis might promote advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for various STI diseases.
Experimental study of Auger recombination, gain, and temperature sensitivity of 1.5 mu m compressively strained semiconductor lasers

The effect of strain on Auger recombination has been studied using the differential carrier lifetime technique in both lattice matched InGaAs-InP and compressively strained quaternary quantum wells. It is found that Auger recombination is reduced in strained devices. The transparency carrier density and differential gain of both lattice matched and strained devices have been obtained by gain and relative intensity noise measurement. A reduction of the transparency carrier density is observed in the strained device. However, no differential gain increase is seen. The temperature sensitivity of the threshold current density of both lattice matched and strained devices has been fully studied. Physical parameters contributing to the temperature sensitivity of the threshold current density have been separately measured, and it is shown that the change in differential gain with temperature is a dominant factor in determining the temperature sensitivity of both lattice matched and strained devices. >
Highly spin-polarized current in Co-substituted Fe3O4 epitaxial thin films at room temperature

Epitaxial thin films of cobalt ferrite CoxFe3−xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0) were fabricated on α-Al2O3 (001) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. It was found that the coercive force of the cobalt ferrite films could be tuned by changing the Co content. The films prepared under low oxygen pressure (1.0 × 10−6 Pa) showed semiconducting behavior even for x = 1.0. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Co ions were 2+ for all compositions. On the other hand, it was found that the Fe ions were in the Fe2+/Fe3+ valence state, which may cause small-polaron hopping among the Fe-3d electrons in the films. An anomalous Hall effect was observed in the Co0.5Fe2. 5O4 film even at 300 K, suggesting that carriers in the films were highly spin-polarized at room temperature.
Pseudo almost periodic dynamics of delay Nicholson's blowflies model with a linear harvesting term

In this paper, we investigate a class of delay Nicholson's blowflies model with a linear harvesting term, new criteria for the existence and convergence dynamics of positive pseudo almost periodic solutions are established by using the fixed point method and the properties of pseudo almost periodic function, together with constructing suitable Lyapunov functionals. The obtained results extend previously known results, and they also partially answer an open problem proposed by L. Berezansky et al. Finally, an example with simulation is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Worldwide Estimation of Parental Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine for Their Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Currently, the best method to well control the spread of COVID-19 without severe mental health problems is to reach herd immunity. Therefore, the vaccination rate of the COVID-19 vaccine is critical. Among the populations, children are the vulnerable ones to get vaccinated; therefore, it is important to assess parents’ and guardians’ willingness to have their children vaccinated. The present systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence to estimate the parents’ acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination toward their children. Additionally, factors explaining the acceptance rate were investigated. Four academic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest) together with Google Scholar were searched, and the references of the included publications were searched as well. Using the PECO-S framework (population, exposure, comparison, outcome, and study design), observational studies of cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control studies were included. The outcome was parents’ or guardians’ willingness to let their children be vaccinated. The studies included in the present review were restricted to English and peer-reviewed papers published between December 2019 and July 2022. A total of 98 papers across 69 different countries with 413,590 participants were included. The mean age of the parents was 39.10 (range: 18–70) years and that of their children was 8.45 (range: 0–18) years. The pooled estimated prevalence of parental acceptance to vaccinate their children with the COVID-19 vaccine was 57% (98 studies, 95% CI: 52–62%, I2: 99.92%, τ2: 0.06). Moreover, data collection time was a significant factor explaining parental willingness in the multivariable meta-regression, with a 13% decrease in parental willingness by each month increase in time, explaining 11.44% of variance. Qualitative synthesis results showed that parents’ COVID-19 vaccine knowledge, trust in theCOVID-19 vaccine, and facilitators in vaccination (e.g., low cost, good vaccine accessibility, and government incentive) were significant factors for higher willingness, while mental health problems (e.g., having worries and psychological distress) were significant factors for lower willingness. Given that the acceptance rate was relatively low (57%) and does not achieve the requirement of herd immunity (i.e., 70%), governments and healthcare authorities should try to elevate parents’ knowledge and trust in the COVID-19 vaccine, facilitate in vaccination, and reduce their mental difficulties to improve the overall vaccination rate among children.
Nonlinear thermal and stress effects and scaling behavior of YAG slab amplifiers

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) has thermal and mechanical properties that vary strongly with temperature. In the paper, we extend previously reported rod amplifier nonlinear average power scaling relationships to slab amplifiers. As found previously with rod amplifiers, we show that, at room temperature and below, temperature profiles obtained are nonquadratic and that the magnitude of the stresses are seriously underestimated if variations in YAG properties with temperature are ignored. Our results are applied to Nd:YAG and Yb:YAG lasers operating with coolant temperatures at room temperature and 77 K. As found previously with rod lasers, significant increases in average power can be obtained by operating Nd:YAG and Yb:YAG lasers at 77 K. In addition, we compare the nonlinear average power scaling behavior of rod and slab amplifiers using both linear and nonlinear approaches.
Three-Dimensional Computation of Drift Alfven Turbulence

A transcollisional, electromagnetic fluid model, incorporating the parallel heat flux as a dependent variable, is constructed to treat electron drift turbulence in the regime of tokamak edge plasmas at the L - H transition. The resulting turbulence is very sensitive to the plasma beta throughout this regime, with the scaling with rising beta produced by the effect of magnetic induction to slow the Alfv? nic parallel electron dynamics and thereby leave the turbulence in a more robust, non-adiabatic state. Magnetic flutter and curvature have a minor qualitative effect on the turbulence mode structure and on the beta scaling, even when their quantitative effect is strong. Transport by magnetic flutter is small compared to that by the flow eddies. Fluctuation statistics show that while the turbulence shows no coherent structure, it is coupled strongly enough so that neither density nor temperature fluctuations behave as passive scalars. Both profile gradients drive the turbulence, with the total thermal energy transport varying only weakly with the gradient ratio, . Scaling with magnetic shear is pronounced, with stronger shear leading to lower drive levels. Scaling with either collision frequency or magnetic curvature is weak, consistent with their weak qualitative effect. The result is that electron drift turbulence at L - H transition edge parameters is drift Alfv? n turbulence, with both ballooning and resistivity in a clear secondary role. The contents of the drift Alfv? n model will form a significant part of any useful first-principles computation of tokamak edge turbulence.
Nonparametric identification and estimation of heterogeneous causal effects under conditional independence

Abstract In this article, I propose a nonparametric strategy to identify the distribution of heterogeneous causal effects. A set of identification restrictions proposed in this article differs from existing approaches in three ways. First, it extends the random coefficient model by allowing potentially nonlinear interactions between distributional parameters and the set of covariates. Second, the causal effect distributions identified in this article give an alternative to those under the rank invariance assumption. Third, identified distribution lies within the sharp bound of distributions of the treatment effect. I develop a consistent nonparametric estimator exploiting the identifying restriction by extending the conventional statistical deconvolution method to the Rubin causal framework. Results from a Monte Carlo experiment and an application to wage loss of displaced workers suggest that the method yields robust estimates under various scenarios.
Adaptation and Validation of the Well-Being Related to Food Questionnaire (Well-BFQ©) for the French-Speaking General Adult Population of Québec, Canada

Efforts to develop effective strategies that improve dietary intake are needed; however, this improvement in diet quality must not be at the expense of well-being. The Well-Being related to Food Questionnaire (Well-BFQ©) is a tool that has been developed in France to comprehensively measure food well-being. Even though the same language is spoken in France and in Québec, cultural and linguistic differences are present, which supports the importance of adapting and validating this tool before its use in the Québec population. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Well-BFQ© for the French-speaking general adult population of Québec, Canada. The Well-BFQ© underwent a full linguistic adaptation process, including an expert panel adaptation step, a pretest among 30 French-speaking adult (18–65 years) Quebecers, and a final proofreading. The questionnaire was thereafter administered to 203 French-speaking adult Quebecers (49.3% females, MAGE = 34.9, SD = 13.5; 88.2% Caucasians; 54.2% with a university degree). The exploratory factor analysis showed a two-factor structure: (1) food well-being related to physical and psychological health (27 items) and (2) food well-being related to symbolic/pleasure of food (32 items). Internal consistency was adequate, with a Cronbach’s α of 0.92 and 0.93, respectively, for the subscales, and 0.94 for the total scale. The total food well-being score, as well as the two subscale scores, were associated with psychological and eating-related variables in expected directions. Overall, the adapted version of the Well-BFQ© was found to be a valid instrument to measure food well-being in the French-speaking general adult population of Québec, Canada.
Evaluation of Acute Stress Disorder After Pregnancy Loss

Aim: Our study aimed to assess and prevent acute stress disorder in women with pregnancy loss. Materials And Methods: Pregnant women presenting to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at level 2 centers between March 2019 and March 2021 were included in the study. Women with pregnancy loss of fewer than 21 weeks were assigned to the "pregnancy loss group" and women with healthy pregnancies were assigned to the "control group. " Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions about pregnancy history, sociodemographic data, and medical history. After the questionnaire, patients were asked to complete the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scale. Of the patients who participated in the study, 91 (35%) were in the pregnancy loss group and 156 (65%) were in the control group. Statistically, p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the patients with pregnancy loss was 27.52±5.60 years, whereas the pregnant women in the control group were 26.43±5.44 years old. The mean age of the two groups was similar (p=0.656). The PTSD score of the participants was 33.10±9.3 (min=15, max=49). The mean PTSD score of the cases who suffered pregnancy loss was 36.23±9.49 and 31.12±7.34 in the control group. The PTSD score of the group with pregnancy loss was significantly higher than that of the control group (p=0.003). Conclusion: In our study, symptoms of acute stress disorder were found to be more common in women who experienced pregnancy loss. Couples who have suffered pregnancy loss should receive social and psychological support. Psychological support and counseling are very important for the couple's psyche. In this way, the woman's disorder can be prevented from developing into post-traumatic stress disorder.
Inference of the Timescale‐Dependent Apparent Viscosity Structure in the Upper Mantle Beneath Greenland

Contemporary crustal uplift and relative sea level (RSL) change in Greenland is caused by the response of the solid Earth to ongoing and historical ice mass change. Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models, which seek to match patterns of land surface displacement and RSL change, typically employ a linear Maxwell viscoelastic model for the Earth's mantle. In Greenland, however, upper mantle viscosities inferred from ice load changes and other geophysical phenomena occurring over a range of timescales vary by up to two orders of magnitude. Here, we use full‐spectrum rheological models to examine the influence of transient deformation within the Greenland upper mantle, which may account for these differing viscosity estimates. We use observations of shear wave velocity combined with constitutive rheological models to self‐consistently calculate mechanical properties including the apparent upper mantle viscosity and lithosphere thickness across a broad spectrum of frequencies. We find that the contribution of transient behavior is most significant over loading timescales of 102–103 years, which corresponds to the timeframe of ice mass loss over recent centuries. Predicted apparent lithosphere thicknesses are also in good agreement with inferences made across seismic, GIA, and flexural timescales. Our results indicate that full‐spectrum constitutive models that more fully capture broadband mantle relaxation provide a means of reconciling seemingly contradictory estimates of Greenland's upper mantle viscosity and lithosphere thickness made from observations spanning a range of timescales.
Molecular diagnostics in the evaluation of thyroid nodules: Current use and prospective opportunities

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy with an estimated 43,800 new cases to be diagnosed in 2022 and representing the 7th most common cancer in women. While thyroid nodules are very common, being identified in over 60% of randomly selected adults, only 5-15% of thyroid nodules harbor thyroid malignancy. Therefore, it is incumbent upon physicians to detect and treat thyroid malignancies as is clinically appropriate and avoid unnecessary invasive procedures in patients with benign asymptomatic lesions. Over the last 15-20 years, rapid advances have been made in cytomolecular testing to aid in thyroid nodule management. Initially, indeterminate thyroid nodules, those with Bethesda III or IV cytology and approximately a 10-40% risk of malignancy, were studied to assess benignity or malignancy. More recently, next generation sequencing and micro-RNA technology platforms have refined the diagnostic capacity of thyroid nodule molecular testing and have introduced opportunities to glean prognostic information from both cytologically indeterminate and malignant thyroid nodules. Therefore, clinicians can move beyond determination of malignancy, and utilize contemporary molecular information to aid in decisions such as extent of surgery and post-therapy monitoring plans. Future opportunities include molecularly derived information about tumor behavior, neo-adjuvant treatment opportunities and response to thyroid cancer therapies.
PHYSICAL INSIGHT INTO THE POLARIZATION DYNAMICS OF SEMICONDUCTOR VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS

The polarization properties of semiconductor vertical-cavity lasers ~VCSELs! are generally described with a model introduced by San Miguel, Feng, and Moloney ~SFM! in Phys. Rev. A52, 1728 ~1995! We have analyzed this SFM model from an experimentalist’s point of view, using the idea that under certain conditions, which are satisfied by most practical VCSELs, the complicated spin dynamics can be adiabatically eliminated, leading to a managable analytical description. We hereby obtain new physical insight and intuitive pictures. One of the key results is the prediction that, via the spin dynamics, the presence of a strong lasing mode with a certain polarization will effectively lead to a broadening and frequency shift of the weak nonlasing mode with orthogonal polarization. This result gives a simple physical explanation for a polarization switch predicted by the model, and leads to further predictions that can be experimentally verified. The analysis also shows how the relaxation oscillations are related to the polarization dynamics and how they might be of crucial importance to experimentally determine the various parameters in the SFM model. We then discuss how the spin elimination reduces the SFM model to existing models for the polarization dynamics of class A ~gas! lasers, with intuitive pictures of the polarization evolution on the Poincare ́ sphere. Finally we will show how, within the context of adiabatic elimination, the cubic crystalline symmetry plays a special role in possible generalizations of the SFM model. @S1050-2947 ~98! 00703-3#
Girls will be girls? The gendered effect of economic policy uncertainty on corporate investment

ABSTRACT We examine the effect of CEO gender on the relationship between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and corporate investment. Using the newspaper-based EPU index developed by Baker, Bloom, and Davis (2016), we perform an empirical investigation on firm-level data of more than 38,000 firms from eight European countries for 2010–2019. We find evidence that higher EPU is associated with higher corporate investment. However, we show that this beneficial effect of economic policy uncertainty is lower when the firm CEO is a woman. We explain this finding by the higher risk aversion of women relative to men. Our work contributes to the debate on the impact of EPU on firm corporate decisions by bringing upfront the influence of CEO gender.