Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The most widespread phage in animals: Genomics and taxonomic classification of Phage WO

Wolbachia are the most common obligate, intracellular bacteria in animals. They exist worldwide in arthropod and nematode hosts in which they commonly act as reproductive parasites or mutualists, respectively. Bacteriophage WO, the largest of Wolbachia’s mobile elements, includes reproductive parasitism genes, serves as a hotspot for genetic divergence and genomic rearrangement of the bacterial chromosome, and uniquely encodes a Eukaryotic Association Module with eukaryotic-like genes and an ensemble of putative host interaction genes. Despite WO’s relevance to genome evolution, selfish genetics, and symbiotic applications, relatively little is known about its origin, host range, diversification, and taxonomic classification. Here we analyze the most comprehensive set of 150 Wolbachia and phage WO assemblies to provide a framework for discretely organizing and naming integrated phage WO genomes. We demonstrate that WO is principally in arthropod Wolbachia with relatives in diverse endosymbionts and metagenomes, organized into four variants related by gene synteny, often oriented opposite the origin of replication in the Wolbachia chromosome, and the large serine recombinase is an ideal typing tool to assign taxonomic classification of the four variants. We identify a novel, putative lytic cassette and WO’s association with a conserved eleven gene island, termed Undecim Cluster, that is enriched with virulence-like genes. Finally, we evaluate WO-like Islands in the Wolbachia genome and discuss a new model in which Octomom, a notable WO-like Island, arose from a split with WO. Together, these findings establish the first comprehensive Linnaean taxonomic classification of endosymbiont phages that includes distinguishable genera of phage WO, a family of non-Wolbachia phages from aquatic environments, and an order that captures the collective relatedness of these viruses.
Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO2

Previous studies with Baltic Sea phytoplankton combining elevated seawater temperature with CO2 revealed the importance of size trait-based analyses, in particular dividing the plankton into edible (>5 and <100 µm) and inedible (<5 and >100 µm) size classes for mesozoopankton grazers. While the edible phytoplankton responded predominantly negative to warming and the inedible group stayed unaffected or increased, independent from edibility most phytoplankton groups gained from CO2. Because the ratio between edible and inedible taxa changes profoundly over seasons, we investigated if community responses can be predicted according to the prevailing composition of edible and inedible groups. We experimentally explored the combined effects of elevated temperatures and CO2 concentrations on a late-summer Baltic Sea community. Total phytoplankton significantly increased in response to elevated CO2 in particular in combination with temperature, driven by a significant gain of the inedible <5 µm fraction and large filamentous cyanobacteria. Large flagellates disappeared. The edible group was low as usual in summer and decreased with both factors due to enhanced copepod grazing and overall decline of small flagellates. Our results emphasize that the responses of summer communities are complex, but can be predicted by the composition and dominance of size classes and groups.
Occurrences of Regional Strong Es Irregularities and Corresponding Scintillations Characterized Using a High‐Temporal‐Resolution GNSS Network

Strong sporadic E (Es) irregularities over China are investigated based on high‐temporal‐resolution total electron content (TEC) derived from two crossed chains of Beidou geostationary satellite (BD‐GEO) TEC receivers along 110°E and 23°N, respectively. The high resolution rate of TEC index (HR‐ROTI) calculated at an interval of 30 s, is proposed to characterize small‐scale strong Es irregularity structures. Based on the HR‐ROTI measurements and the typical drift velocity of Es 60 m/s, the scale sizes of strong Es irregularity structures were revealed to be mainly ∼7 km. The structures were mostly quasi‐periodically separated with distances of 7–16 km. Through a further statistical analysis of strong Es irregularity structures along the two chains, it was found that the Es irregularity structures predominantly occur during local summer at middle and low latitudes, with the occurrence rate peaking at ∼30°N. On average approximately 2–5 small‐scale strong Es irregularity structures may be embedded in one larger‐scale structure. Unlike the equatorial and low‐latitude F‐region irregularities which cause scintillations under most conditions, the strong Es irregularity characterized by HR‐ROTI caused scintillation with relatively low occurrence rates of 37% and 12% at middle and low latitudes, respectively.
The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised – Abbreviated (EPQR-A): psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version

Abstract Introduction The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised – Abbreviated (EPQR-A) consists of 24 items for assessment of the three fundamental personality traits (psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism) and a validity scale (lie scale). Our objectives were to assess the psychometric properties of a version of this instrument culturally adapted for Brazil. Method 321 participants were recruited using a non-probabilistic method. Results Internal consistencies ranged from minimally acceptable to respectable, except for the psychoticism domain. Higher neuroticism scores were associated with higher depression and anxiety scores, higher extraversion scores were associated with lower levels of depression symptoms, and higher psychoticism scores were associated with higher levels of depression symptoms. Conclusion Our findings describe sustainable psychometric properties for the Brazilian Portuguese version of EPQR-A.
Managerial Ownership and Firm Value of Selected Nigeria Listed
Manufacturing Companies: Does Dividend Payment Policy Really Mediate?

Shareholders play a vital role in an organization through parting with their funds which determines the continuity and survival of the organization. As a result of this, regular payment of dividends as at when due to different shareholders is a concerned of every stakeholder in an organization. Therefore, this study examined the mediating effect of dividend payment policy on the relationship between managerial ownership and firm value of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. This study focused on ten manufacturing firms that are listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) from 2010 to 2019 using panel pool technique and Hausman’s test. The findings from this study established that there was a partial mediation of managerial ownership, dividend payout and leverage ratio on firm value. In addition, managerial ownership (20.8%) had an inverse and significant effect on firm value; while, dividend payout ratio and leverage ratio had a direct and significant effect on it with each contributing 15.2% and 3.8% to it respectively. On mediation, the finding discovered that dividend payout through managerial ownership indirectly contributed 33.1% to managerial ownership. The study concluded that managerial ownership and dividend payment policy partly contributed to firm value with dividend payment policy playing an indirect role through increase in managerial ownership. Therefore, recommended that organizations should endeavor to review their dividend payment policy and ensure that dividend accrue to the firms’ coffer are pay as at when due. Also, managers of listed firms are strongly advised to take more of long-term loan on intending capital projects.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression Leading to Apoptotic Death through the Oxidative Stress/NF-κB Pathway in Brain Endothelial Cells

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, has been proposed to cause blood vessel injury leading to cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke. Brain endothelial cells compose the blood-brain barrier that protects homeostasis of the central nervous system. However, whether P. gingivalis causes the death of endothelial cells and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact and regulatory mechanisms of P. gingivalis infection in brain endothelial cells. We used bEnd.3 cells and primary mouse endothelial cells to assess the effects of P. gingivalis on endothelial cells. Our results showed that infection with live P. gingivalis, unlike heat-killed P. gingivalis, triggers brain endothelial cell death by inducing cell apoptosis. Moreover, P. gingivalis infection increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activated NF-κB, and up-regulated the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Furthermore, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a most frequently used antioxidant, treatment significantly reduced P. gingivalis-induced cell apoptosis and brain endothelial cell death. The enhancement of ROS production, NF-κB p65 activation, and proinflammatory cytokine expression was also attenuated by NAC treatment. The impact of P. gingivalis on brain endothelial cells was also confirmed using adult primary mouse brain endothelial cells (MBECs). In summary, our results showed that P. gingivalis up-regulates IL-1β and TNF-α protein expression, which consequently causes cell death of brain endothelial cells through the ROS/NF-κB pathway. Our results, together with the results of previous case-control studies and epidemiologic reports, strongly support the hypothesis that periodontal infection increases the risk of developing cerebrovascular disease.
Effectiveness of Body Roundness Index (BRI) and a Body Shape Index (ABSI) in Predicting Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Introduction: The body roundness index (BRI) and a body shape index (ABSI) are novel anthropometric indices established to determine both the amount visceral adipose tissue and body fat. Objective: to investigate whether BRI and ABSI are better predictors of hypertension than body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases up until 31 December 2020. Results: The estimated pooled area under curve [AUC (95% CI)] for BRI [0.67 (0.65–0.70)] for the prediction of hypertension were superior to that of ABSI (0.58 (0.56–0.60)), similar to that of BMI [0.67 (0.64–0.69)], and lower than those WC [0.68 (0.66–0.70)] and WHtR [0.68 (0.66–0.71)]. Nevertheless, the difference of BRI compared to WC and WHtR in the context of predicting hypertension was non-significant. ABSI was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than BRI, BMI, WC and WHtR. Similar findings were observed with the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-SROC). There were no significant differences between subgroups according to type of population or diagnostic criteria of hypertension. The diagnostic odds ratio (dORs) proved that increased BRI and ABSI were related with an elevated hypertension risk. Conclusions: BRI and ABSI have discriminatory power for hypertension in adult women and men from different populations. Although, WHtR and WC provided the best performance when assessing hypertension, no significant differences were found for BRI. Finally, BRI was significantly better predictor of hypertension than ABSI.
Order release in production planning and control systems: challenges and opportunities

Production planning and control (PPC) systems are important to the competitiveness of manufacturing firms and their ability to benefit from recent technological advances. We give an overview of research and unsolved research questions in PPC systems related to the order release function that sets output targets for autonomous production units that manage production at the shop-floor level. We describe the hierarchical Manufacturing Planning and Control (MPC) and Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) architectures for PPC systems prevalent in practice and the positioning of the order release task within these frameworks. We then describe the research streams relevant to order release, optimisation models for order release planning, and the relation of these models to the overall PPC system. Modelling the dynamic response of production units to time-varying work input, which represents an extension of classical production theory by incorporating the time dimension, is identified as the major modelling challenge. We conclude by suggesting several unsolved research questions that should encourage researchers to work on this topic which is far from mature.
The Power Quality Analysis and its Enhancement Scheme in Power Distribution of an Automobile Factory

Nonlinear loads are widely spread in automobile industry along with the development of power electronic technology, which causes proliferation of power quality problems, such as harmonics, voltage fluctuation, etc. The problems result in detrimental effects to the power distribution systems, increasing power loss in the network and affecting the safety operation of electrical appliances. This paper analyzed the power quality problems and proposed an enhancement scheme implemented in an automobile factory. The scheme has already got an application in one of the transformer substations. It’s revealed that the proposed scheme can improve significantly the power factor of the 400V bus in car body workshop, and the harmonics injection to the utility grid can be within the limit of related standard．
Screening of Microalgae for Antioxidant Activities, Carotenoids and Phenolic Contents

Ten different microalgal species were screened for their antioxidant activity using 2,2 ́-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, both total phenolic and carotenoid contents were determined. The ethanolic extract of Oscillatoria sp. showed the highest antioxidant activity (69.1 %), while the green Chlorella sp. showed higher phenolic content (39.1 mg GAE g-1 dry wt.) and Scenedesmus obliquus recorded higher carotenoid content (3.73 mg L-1), than cyanobacterial species Microalgal biomass plays a great role as a potential source of natural antioxidants, not only due to the carotenoids but also the phenolic compounds.
Serological and cellular inflammatory signatures in end‐stage kidney disease and latent tuberculosis

Tuberculosis comorbidity with chronic diseases including diabetes, HIV and chronic kidney disease is of rising concern. In particular, latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) comorbidity with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) is associated with up to 52.5‐fold increased risk of TB reactivation to active tuberculosis infection (ATBI). The immunological mechanisms driving this significant rise in TB reactivation are poorly understood. To contribute to this understanding, we performed a comprehensive assessment of soluble and cellular immune features amongst a unique cohort of patients comorbid with ESKD and LTBI.
Particle Filtration for Wastewater Irrigation

Conventional water filtration methods cannot be generalized for use in direct wastewater filtration for drip (trickle) irrigation systems. Effluents from an oxidation ponds‐reservoir system and from an activated sludge plant were filtered through granular beds and filter screens, for the purpose of evaluating particle filterability. The granular beds remove particles larger than 10μm with an efficiency of 40 to 85%, depending on the existence of surface straining and effluent type, whereas smaller particles (1-2μm in size) are hardly removed, suggesting that minimum transport theory applies. The removal ratio for all particles measured increases with grain size and with bed depth, and decreases with filtration velocity, affecting the lower particle size range more. Filter screens clog very rapidly even though they remove only about 1–2% of the total suspended solids (TSS). Both turbidity and TSS are inferior to particle size distribution measurements for filterability evaluation of wastewater effluents.
Identification and Validation of Autophagy-Related Genes as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Atrial Fibrillation

Background Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved important process for the turnover of intracellular substances in eukaryotes and is closely related to the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study is to identify and validate potential autophagy-related genes (ARGs) of AF through bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Methods We downloaded two data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, GSE14975 and GSE31821. After merging the data of the two microarrays, adjusting the batch effect, and integrating the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with ARGs to obtain differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs). Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were carried out based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Use the STRING database to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, mRNA expression levels of DEARGs were validated in right atrial tissue samples from AF patients and non-AF controls by qRT-PCR. Results Through bioinformatics analysis, we finally identified 11 DEARGs (CDKN1A, CXCR4, DIRAS3, HSP90AB1, ITGA3, PRKCD, TP53INP2, DAPK2, IFNG, PTK6, and TNFSF10) in AF using [log2 (fold change)] > 0.5 and P < 0.05. In the pathway enrichment analysis, the most significantly enriched pathway was the autophagy pathway. The results of validation showed that the expression levels of CXCR4, DAPK2, and TNFSF10 corroborating with our computational findings, and the results were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Our study demonstrates that these 11 potential crucial ARGs, especially CXCR4, DAPK2, and TNFSF10, may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AF, which will help the personalized treatment of AF patients.
Etude des laves torrentielles sur modèle réduit en similitude des phénomènes naturels

Small-scale study of complex debris flows are useful to solve many practical problems. It is hard to carry out a complete similarity between small-scale jlows and natural events. Indeed the material is heterogeneous and upstream discharge is a priori unknown. Here we propose a practical solution : it consists in representing separately the debris flow body using a similar fluid (fine mud), and the front by dispersing coarse particles upon the channel bed. These particles are dragged and pushed by the flood so that they finally form a front with global characteristics analogous to those of natural fronts (larger yield stress than the rest of the fluid, unstable behaviour). Then, analyzing our experimental results concerning such flows, we discuss the conditions to respect for a global similarily.
Production and post-harvest quality of mini-watermelon crop under irrigation management strategies and potassium fertilization

ABSTRACT The occurrence of water sources with a high concentration of salts stands out as a limiting factor for production in Northeast Brazil. Thus, the search for strategies that minimize the effect of salt stress on crops is of fundamental importance. In this context, this study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the production and post-harvest quality of Sugar Baby mini-watermelon fruits under different irrigation management strategies with saline water and potassium fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design, in an 8 × 3 factorial scheme, with three replicates, corresponding to eight saline water irrigation management strategies (No stress throughout the crop cycle; irrigation with saline water in the vegetative, vegetative/flowering, flowering, flowering/fruiting, fruiting, fruiting/maturation and fruit maturation stages) and three doses of potassium (50, 100 and 150% of the recommended dose). The dose of 100% corresponded to 150 mg K2O kg-1 of soil. Water with low and with high electrical conductivity (0.8 and 4.0 dS m-1, respectively) was used. Irrigation with water of 4.0 dS m-1 in the flowering and fruit maturation stages is a promising strategy for the cultivation of mini-watermelon, as it does not compromise production. Fertilization with 50% of K2O recommendation can be used in the cultivation of mini-watermelon without losses in yield. Mini-watermelon plants fertilized with 150% of K2O recommendation and irrigated with water of high salt concentration continuously in the vegetative/flowering and fruiting stages reduced the contents of soluble solids and ascorbic acid in the fruits.
Relationship between total productive maintenance and performance

Increased global competition has augmented the importance of total productive maintenance (TPM) in obtaining and maintaining a competitive advantage. More and more organizations are seeking proactive tools such as TPM to enhance their competitive position. The paper focuses on gaining insights into the impact of TPM on the performance of the organization. There is support for a positive correlation between TPM and business performance. There is also a positive correlation between TPM and business performance shown by all the six general constructs of corporate planning, top management leadership, human resource focus, process focus, total quality management focus and information system focus, and the three specific constructs of TPM strategies, TPM teams and TPM process focus. Clearly, this indicates the need for TPM to be an integrated effort for the entire organization. In addition, experienced and large TPM firms fare better in terms of business performance while there are no differences in the performance of manufacturing and services.
Generation of an internal fire whirl in an open roof vertical shaft model with a single corner gap

An internal fire whirl can be generated by burning a pool fire in a vertical shaft with appropriate sidewall ventilation provision. Earlier experimental results show that the flame swirling motion depends on the corner gap width providing ventilation. In this article, experiments on generating an internal fire whirl in a 9 m tall vertical shaft model will be reported. Flame shapes in burning a gasoline pool fire inside the shaft model with different corner wall gap widths and tray diameters were observed. Fuel mass of the pool fire, flame height of the internal fire whirl, and transient air temperatures were measured. From the results, it is further confirmed that an internal fire whirl cannot be generated when the gap width is too wide or too narrow. An internal fire whirl is developed in five stages. The pool fire is burning in a way similar to burning in open air at stage I. The burning rate of pool fire increases at stage II. Swirling flame motion starts to develop at stage III. An internal fire whirl develops fully at stage IV. Stage V is the decay stage. Furthermore, the created internal fire whirl can be divided into three zones. Zone I is at the lower part with the flame rotating violently. Zone II is in the middle part with a slower swirling rate. The upper part zone III has no flame rotation.