Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The DLK1/MEG3 Locus is Related to the Differentiation of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors

Background: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) represent the neoplastic proliferation of the anterior pituitary gland. Transcription factors play a key role in the differentiation of PitNETs according to the 2017 WHO classification of tumors of endocrine organs. However, for a substantial proportion of PitNETs, the etiology is poorly understood.Methods: To analyze the diversity genes and pathways based on transcriptomic data of 172 patients by transcriptome sequencing, difference, correlation, and enrichment analysis. The transcriptomic data and clinical characteristics are applied to find the clinical significance of key genes by correlation analysis and ROC curve. Series functional experiments demonstrated the role of DLK1/MEG3 locus through antibody blocking and RNA interference in GH3, MMQ and ATT20 cell line.Results: In this study, we found the imprinting disorders of the 14q32.2 region and DLK1/MEG3 locus associated with the differentiation of PitNETs. As being specific feature change in somatotroph adenomas compared with other subtype adenomas, DLK1/MEG3 locus promoted somatotroph differentiation and inhibited tumor proliferation in PIT1(+) PitNET patients, furthermore, the level of DLK1 played a critical role in the trend of somatotroph differentiation or lactotroph differentiation in PIT1(+) PitNET patients. Anti-DLK1 monoclonal antibody blockade or siMEG3 both indicated that the DLK1/MEG3 domain significantly induced the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) and inhibited cell growth and colony formation and that the loss of DLK1 activated the mTOR signaling pathway in high DLK1-expressing and PIT1(+) GH3 cell lines. There was a mild effect in the low DLK1-expressing and PIT1(+) MMQ cell lines and no effect in the PIT1(-) ATT20 cell line, regardless of whether anti-DLK1 monoclonal antibody blockade or siMEG3 was used. Conclusions: These findings emphasize that expression at the DLK1/MEG3 locus plays a key role in the differentiation of PitNETs in patients depending on the level of PIT1. In addition, these findings provide potential molecular target data for patient stratification and treatment in the future.
Use of Modified Atmosphere Packaging to Manage Quality of Green Garlic Leaves during Cold Storage Period

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) belongs to the family of the Alliaceae and it has been consumed for centuries. Harvesting of the garlic at early stage when the bulb is not completely form, crop is called ‘fresh garlic’ (Akan et al., 2019a). Based on Common Quality Standard for Garlic Regulation, this product is refers to ‘fresh garlic leaves’ or ‘green garlic’ (Anonymous, 2019a). Essentially, green garlic is very similar to green onion. Many people, in North Asia, Middle East, South Africa, Europe, North and Central America, Southeast Asia, have used green garlic leaves for daily diets because of its special taste (Upadhyay, 2016). Green garlic leaves are preferred for roasting, salads and soups as well as meat dishes in Central Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia and Mediterranean cuisine.
Structurally different lysophosphatidylethanolamine species stimulate neurite outgrowth in cultured cortical neurons via distinct signaling pathway

Neurite outgrowth is important in neuronal circuit formation and functions, and for regeneration of neuronal networks following trauma and disease in the brain. Thus, identification and characterization of the molecules that regulate neurite outgrowth are essential for understanding how brain circuits form and function and for the development of treatment of neurological disorders. In this study, we found that lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), one of the lysophospholipids, influences neurite outgrowth in cultured cortical neurons. Extracellular application of either of the structurally different LPE spices, palmitoyl LPE (16:0 LPE) and stearoyl LPE (18:0 LPE) dramatically increased the areas of axon and dendrite without affecting the neuronal viability. Subsequent analysis revealed that both LPEs increased the length of neurite in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, inhibition of phospholipase C, one of the effectors for G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling pathways, inhibited 18:0 LPE-stimulated neurite outgrowth but not 16:0 LPE-stimulated neurite outgrowth. The effects of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors on neurite outgrowth were also different. Inhibitor against PKCα, β, δ, ε, η, and θ inhibited both 16:0 LPE- and 18:0 LPE-induced neurite outgrowth. In contrast, an inhibitor against PKCα, β, γ, δ, and ζ inhibited the 18:0 LPE effect but not the 16:0 LPE effect. We also found that both 16:0 LPE and 18:0 LPE activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. There was no substantial difference in the amount of phosphorylated MAPK/ERK1/2 between 16:0 LPE and 18:0 LPE-treated cultures. MAPK inhibitor completely inhibited 18:0 LPE-induced neurite outgrowth and partially inhibited 16:0 LPE-induced neurite outgrowth. Thus, the effect of the MAPK inhibitor differed between the 16:0 LPE- and 18:0 LPE-treated cultures. Collectively, the results suggest that the structurally different LPE species, 16:0 LPE and 18:0 LPE stimulate neurite outgrowth through the distinct signaling cascades in cultured cortical neurons.
Antenatal exercise in Saudi Arabia: Knowledge, attitude and practice

Aim: The objective of this study was to estimate the knowledge, attitude and practice of antenatal exercises among mothers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross sectional study evaluated 399 mother’s knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antenatal exercises in Saudi Arabia. Results: The majority of participants have good knowledge, a positive attitude and good practice. The knowledge about antenatal exercise was significantly associated with the educational level only, while knowledge about the contradictions was influenced by age. Other variables (medical condition, complications or number of pregnancies) showed no association. Conclusions: Whilst maternal knowledge and attitudes were generally good, some participants demonstrated a demonstrably low level of knowledge regarding the importance of antenatal exercise, a finding which can be attributed to inadequate health education programmes. One possible response to the dearth of knowledge could be the execution of a health education initiative offered to all pregnant women.
Implementing radial basis function neural network for prediction of surfactant retention in petroleum production and processing industries

ABSTRACT Chemical flooding is an effective way to gain higher oil recovery as part of a tertiary oil recovery scheme. There are several variables contribute in surfactant retention in petroleum production including type of rock, pH, chemical structure of surfactant, salinity of formation water, acidity of oil, mobility, microemulsion viscosity, and cosolvent concentration. Although different theoretical studies on the mechanisms of surfactant retention are reported in the literature there is little research on the development of an accurate and effective model for prediction of surfactant retention in petroleum production. In this study, radial basis function was developed based on experimental dynamic surfactant retention data. The experimental data include a wide range of conditions. Results of the modeling study showed that the developed model is very accurate and robust in prediction of actual surfactant retention data. In addition, the comparison between the proposed model in this study and available models in literature showed the superiority of this model.
Stock returns on post macroeconomic announcement days

We document that the stock market underreacts to bad macroeconomic news on the announcement day. The market return continues to decline on days after bad macroeconomic news. This downward drift in return is more pronounced during periods with limited arbitrage capital and among stocks with greater valuation uncertainty, suggesting the market has limited capacity to incorporate negative information. We find little evidence of return drift after good macroeconomic news. This asymmetry in the reaction of market response to macroeconomic news explains why on macroeconomic announcement days the market return is excessively high and the security market line has a positive slope. Accounting for this asymmetry has important implications for estimating macroeconomic risk premium, evaluating the CAPM, and testing market efficiency.
High prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni CC21 and CC257 clonal complexes in children with gastroenteritis in Iran: A global analysis

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of GBS-related lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) classes and capsular genotypes among Iranian clinical C. jejuni strains and to assess its relation with dnaK gene expression. Moreover, a comprehensive study of C. jejuni MLST-genotypes and global comparison with peer sequences worldwide was intended.Methods: Distribution of sialylated-LOS classes and specific capsular genotypes were investigated in C.jejuni of clinical origin. The expression of dnaK in C. jejuni strains was measured by Real-Time-PCR. MLST-genotyping was performed to investigate the clonal relationship of clinical C. jejuni strains and comparison with global sequences worldwide.Results: C. jejuni HS23/36c was the predominant genotype (45%), followed by HS2 (20%), and HS19 and HS4 (each 10%). A total of 80% of isolates were assigned to LOS class B and C. Higher expression level of dnaK gene was detected in strains with HS23/36c, HS2 and HS4 capsular genotypes and sialylated LOS classes B or C in this study. MLST analysis showed that isolates were highly diverse and represented 6 different sequence types and 3 clonal complexes. ST-21 and ST-257 complexes were dominants (75%) in our C.jejuni strains. The CC21 was the largest CC in our collection which is consistent with global C.jejuni strains worldwide. No new ST and no common ST with our neighbor countries was detected in this study.Conclusion: Global analysis of MLST results demonstrated that ST-50 (CC21) was widely distributed in different countries, while ST-19 (CC21) and ST-257 (CC257) was less ubiquitously spread. Overall, CC21 and CC353 complexes were most frequent and most widely distributed clonal complexes around the world; although, CC353 was not detected in this study. This shows a picture of movement of dominant Campylobacter strains worldwide. The occurrence of identical clonal complexes with different capsular types and LOS classes in this study is consistent with genetic variation in circulating identical genotypes and their evolution toward different pathotypes probably through acquisition of different genetic elements including LOS and CPS gene clusters.
Investigating The Risk Factors for Hypertension in A Population-Based Study: Fasa PERSIAN COHORT Data

Background: High prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and its subsequent serious complications make this disease as a major health-treatment concern in many societies. The current study aimed to investigate known factors as risk factors for hypertension and the way of their association in study population of Fasa cohort in south of Iran at 2019.Methods: This is an analytical-cross sectional study. Study population was the individuals covered by Fasa cohort. Information of the first phase of Fasa Persian cohort in south of Iran was used in the study. Independent t-test, chi-square test, analysis of variances, Pearson correlation coefficient, and logistic regression were used to analyze data. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22, and P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of the population of 10111 individuals of the study, 5546(54.86%) subjects were female and 4565(45.16%) were male. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 41.8 %. In the present study (28/5%) were with HTN stage 1, and (13/3%), were with HTN stage 2. In addition, a significant association was observed among HTN and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and renal failure (p<0.5). Conclusions: prevalence of HTN in study population is considerable. Given its hazardous complications, application of appropriate methods in order to screen, prevent and treat HTN is necessary. In addition, using training programs, changing lifestyle, and promoting self-care behaviors can be effective in prevention, control, and decrease in hazardous complications caused by HTN.
Inferior Gluteal Nerve Injury Due to Intramuscular Injection

Amac: Bu calismanin amaci intramuskuler (IM) enjeksiyona bagli gelisen inferior gluteal sinir (IGS) yaralanmasinin klinik ozelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Gerec ve Yontemler: Klinik ve elektrodiagnostik ozellikleri IM enjeksiyona bagli gelisen siyatik sinir (SS) ve olasi IGS yaralanmalari ile uyumlu olan hastalar bu geriye donuk calismaya dahil edildi. Gluteus maksimus (GM) kasinda gucsuzluk ya da GM kasinda igne elektromiyografi (EMG) anormalligi olan hastalarda IGS yaralanmasi oldugu kabul edildi. Bulgular: Sadece SS yaralanmasi olan 44 (%95,6) hasta, hem SS hem IGS yaralanmasi olan 1 (%2,2) hasta ve sadece IGS yaralanmasi olan 1 (%2,2) hasta mevcuttu. Sadece IGS yaralanmasi olan hastanin sikayetleri IM enjeksiyondan sonra saatler ile gunler icinde olusmustu ve bu hastanin kas gucsuzlugu yoktu. Hem IGN hem SS yaralanmasi olan hastanin sikayetleri IM enjeksiyondan sonra dakikalar ile saatler icinde olusmustu ve bu hastanin ayak plantar fleksiyonunda hafif derecede gucsuzluk mevcuttu. Sadece SS yaralanmasi olan hastalarin 40’inda sikayetler IM enjeksiyonu takiben hemen ya da saniyeler icinde ortaya cikarken geri kalan 4 hastada ise sikayetler IM enjeksiyonu takiben dakikalar ya da saatler icinde olusmustu. Sonuc: SS yaralanmasi ile karsilastirildiginda nadir olsa da, IM enjeksiyon ile IGS yaralanabilir. Bu nedenle IM enjeksiyon ile iliskili sikayetleri olan hastalarda GM kasi igne EMG ile degerlendirilmelidir. IM enjeksiyonlara bagli gelisen sinir yaralanmalarinda kas gucsuzlugu olusmayabilir.
Magnitude of late initiation of antenatal care and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Woldia Public Health Institution, North Wollo, Ethiopia.

Background: The World Health Organization states that every pregnant woman is at risk of complications. Antenatal care is vital to reduce complications and more likely to be effective if women begin receiving care in the first trimester of pregnancy and continue to receive care throughout pregnancy. The maternal mortality ratio in Ethiopia was estimated at 412 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2016.Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was used. Data collection was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A systematic sampling technique with proportional allocation was used to get the final 390 study participants. Data was entered, cleared, and analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version (SPSS) 20. Descriptive measures were presented with frequencies, tables, and diagrams. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of late antenatal care initiation.Results: The prevalence of late antenatal care initiation was 59.5% with 95% CI [54.6–64.1]. Residence of the mother [AOR = 5; 95% CI:(1.423, 17.86), Paying for health services [AOR = 13.9;95% CI 3.531, 54.86], Planed for pregnancy [AOR = 13.4; 95% CI:4.018, 44.487], Counseled for ANC [AOR = 13.6; 95% CI:6.090, 63.127] and number of lifetime pregnancies (gravidity) [AOR = 5.5; 95% CI:2.077, 14.36] were factors significantly associated with late initiation of ANC.Conclusion: More than 50% of women attended antenatal care follow-up late from the recommended time of initiation. Residence, payment for pregnancy-related health services, plan for pregnancy, counseling, and advice regarding antenatal care follow-up and gravidity were factors significantly associated with late antenatal care initiation.
Treatment of cauda equina syndrome due to lumbar disc herniation with percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy

Background: Throughout the last decades, endoscopic techniques to treat lumbar disc herniation (LDH) have gained popularity in clinical practice. However, there is little literature on the treatment of Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) due to lumbar disc herniation with percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of PELD for CES caused by disc herniation.Methods: Between October 2012 and April 2017, 15 patients CES caused by LDH at the early and intermediate stages of Shi’s classification were selected as the objects of study, who underwent PELD. All patients were followed up for at least two years. The patients’ lumbar pain and limb pain were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Patient's satisfaction was evaluated using the MacNab outcome scale. Clinical outcomes were measured preoperatively, at 3 days, 3 months, 6 month and the last follow-up.Results: The VAS score for lumbar pain was 6.67±1.05 preoperatively and 3.27±0.96, 2.73±0.46, 2.40±0.51, and 1.80±0.41, at 3 days, 3 months, 6 months and the last follow-up postoperatively respectively. The VAS score for limb pain was 7.13±1.19 preoperatively and 2.93±0.80, 2.60±0.51, 2.20±0.56, and 1.47±0.52, at 3 days, 3 months, 6 months and the last follow-up postoperatively respectively. These postoperative scores were all significantly different when compared with preoperative scores (P < 0.01). According to the modified MacNab outcome scale, excellent was obtained in 8 of 15 patients, good was obtained in 5 patients, and fair was obtained in 2 patients, and 86.67% of these patients had excellent and good outcomes at the final follow-up. Complications included one patient of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and one patient developed recurrent herniation and who finally acquired satisfactory result after reoperation.Conclusion: PELD could be used as an alternative surgical method for the treatment of CES due to lumbar disc herniation in properly selected cases and appropriate patient selection. However, the operator should pay attention to foraminoplasty to enlarge the working space.
Fatty Acid and Sterol Profile of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) and Star Anise (Illicium verum) Extracted Using Three Different Methods

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) and star anise (Illicium verum) are popular spices worldwide originally from South East part of Asia. In addition to as food condiment, they have been used extensively in traditional medicine and lately as a subject of research in the field of pharmacology and medical sciences. Most research has been done on the subject of essential oils, especially for star anise, while data on seed oil properties are much scarcer. The main problem in the oil extraction of nutmeg is the hardness of the nut, while, for star anise seed, it is relatively low oil yield (around 10%). This presents a significant problem for screw press production and demands different methods of extraction for better oil yield and quality. The aim of this research was to compare three different methods of oil extraction with n-hexane agitation-assisted extraction (AAE), Soxhlet extraction (SE), and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) at 25 and 100 °C and to compare the processes on the basis of invested time, oil yield, and fatty acid and sterol profile of the oils. The determination of fatty acid composition was carried out by GC–flame ionization detection (FID) analysis of fatty acid methyl esters, while the sterol composition was determined with GC–MS. The highest yield of oil was obtained using the Soxhlet method, while the best results combining time and yield were obtained with the ASE method at 100 °C. The main fatty acid in star anise seed oil was lauric acid (average 62.30%) with significant differences across extraction methods (p < 0.05), while myristic acid (average 75.69%) was the most abundant in all samples of nutmeg oil. The main sterol in all samples was β-sitosterol.
Legal regulations and the development of German and Polish allotment gardens in the context of the production function

Allotment gardens (AGs) serve various socio-cultural, ecological and economic functions, mostly for the urban community, and they also provide agricultural produce for their users. German and Polish legislation includes this function in the definitions regulating allotment gardening. The article aims to compare the legal regulations for allotment gardening in operation in Germany and Poland. This study analyses legal acts concerning the development and functioning of allotments, since they may greatly influence their production function. Moreover, field research and structured interviews were carried out and, as a result, the collected data were contrasted with the actual state of development of selected allotments. The study shows that some of the provisions of legal acts, both German and Polish, are not strictly adhered to by the users. Also, the analysis of use of allotments in both countries reveals the strong influence of the present legal norms. The regulations concerning allotment gardening in Germany are conducive to preserving plant cultivation, while in Poland unclear provisions on the way in which crop cultivation is to be developed have led to a replacement of the farming function by recreational and residential uses. It is necessary, then, to maintain and observe the existing regulations in Germany. In Poland, on the other hand, there is a strong need for a regulation at the national level which would specify the principles regarding the obligatory use of part of a plot for food production.
God, Evolution, and the Body of Adam

Catholic evolutionists have proposed to reconcile evolutionary anthropogenesis with Catholic doctrine by suggesting that a created soul could be infused into a body produced (in part, if not wholly) by evolution from an animal body. Could such an infusion yield not just a Platonic composite but a being with the unity of substance required by a Thomistic philosophy of nature? How could such a soul be the form of the body into which it was infused? This paper suggests that animals seem to have sense-powers with a level of complexity, if not sufficient to underlie the abstraction of concepts in a being that also has a rational soul, then at least nearly so. The burden of proof lies rather on those who think that evolutionary development of such powers is not possible. In its final section, the paper argues that the existence of Eve as a second, and the only additional, initial rational being does not create special problems for the view here articulated.
Direct Arylation-Based Synthesis of Carbazoles Using an Efficient Palladium Nanocatalyst under Microwave Irradiation

Herein, an eco-friendly palladium-catalyzed tandem reaction for the one-pot synthesis of carbazoles under microwave irradiation is reported. This approach involves an amination and a direct arylation from available and inexpensive anilines and 1,2-dihaloarenes. For the development of this purpose, a novel recoverable palladium nanocatalyst supported on a green biochar under ligand-free conditions is used. Compared with other existing palladium-based protocols, the present synthetic methodology shows a drastic reduction in reaction times and excellent compatibility with different functional groups, allowing to obtain a small library of carbazoles with high yields and regioselectivity. The novel heterogeneous palladium nanocatalyst can be recycled and reused up to five times without significant loss activity.