Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTING RANDOM ASSIGNMENTS, PART I: A GENERALIZATION OF THE BIRKHOFF-VON NEUMANN THEOREM

The Birkho-von Neumann Theorem shows that any bistochastic matrix can be written as a convex combination of permutation matrices. In particular, in a setting where n objects must be assigned to n agents, one object per agent, any random assignment matrix can be resolved into a deterministic assignment in accordance with the specied probability matrix. We generalize the theorem to accommodate constraints encountered in many real-life market design problems. Specically, the theorem can be extended to any environment in which the set of constraints can be partitioned into two hierarchies. Further, we show that this bihierarchy structure constitutes a maximal domain for the theorem, and we provide a constructive algorithm for implementing a random assignment under bihierarchical constraints. We provide several applications, including (i) single-unit random assignment, such as school choice; (ii) multi-unit ran- dom assignment, such as course allocation and fair division; and (iii) two-sided matching problems, such as the scheduling of inter-league sports matchups. The same method also nds applications beyond economics, generalizing previous results on the minimize makespan problem in the computer science literature.
Whole genome sequence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae strain NXNK2203 isolated from Hu sheep in Ningxia province, China

ABSTRACT We report whole-genome sequencing of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae strain NXNK2203 isolated from the lungs of dead Hu sheep in Ningxia province, China. We get single circular chromosomes of 1,014,835 bp after sequencing. The purpose was to better understand the clinical significance of Mycoplasma infections for the health and welfare of ovine species.
Sex-Specific Effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Pharmacotherapy for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: An Individual Participant-Level Data Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: Whether the relative effects of blood pressure (BP)–lowering treatment on cardiovascular outcomes differ by sex, particularly when BP is not substantially elevated, has been uncertain. METHODS: We conducted an individual participant-level data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of pharmacological BP lowering. We pooled the data and categorized participants by sex, systolic BP categories in 10-mm Hg increments from <120 to ≥170 mm Hg, and age categories spanning from <55 to ≥85 years. We used fixed-effect one-stage individual participant-level data meta-analyses and applied Cox proportional hazard models, stratified by trial, to analyze the data. RESULTS: We included data from 51 randomized controlled trials involving 358 636 (42% women) participants. Over 4.2 years of median follow-up, a 5-mm Hg reduction in systolic BP decreased the risk of major cardiovascular events both in women and men (hazard ratio [95% CI], 0.92 [0.89–0.95] for women and 0.90 [0.88–0.93] for men; P for interaction, 1). There was no evidence for heterogeneity of relative treatment effects by sex for the major cardiovascular disease, its components, or across the different baseline BP categories (all P for interaction, ≥0.57). The effects in women and men were consistent across age categories and the types of antihypertensive medications (all P for interaction, ≥0.14). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of BP reduction were similar in women and men across all BP and age categories at randomization and with no evidence to suggest that drug classes had differing effects by sex. This study does not substantiate sex-based differences in BP-lowering treatment.
Associations between milk cortisol and activity of the immune system of milk

Both the immune system of human milk and milk cortisol have complex short‐ and long‐term effects on child health and development. As understanding continues to grow of the independent effects of each of these components of milk, it is also important to investigate their intersection, including how milk cortisol affects the immune system of milk. We began this important endeavor through secondary analyses of archived milk specimens.
Treatment of extracapsular fractures of the mandibular condylar process: A retrospective evaluation of 377 cases.

BACKGROUND/AIM Mandibular condylar fractures represent 25%-35% of all mandibular fractures. Despite profound research, there is still a controverse debate about treating these fractures conservatively or by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The aim of this study is to analyse the outcome after open and closed treatment of extracapsular mandibular condyle fractures regarding general characteristics, post-treatment malocclusion, facial nerve palsy (FNP), maximum mouth opening (MMO) and parotid complications. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 377 fractures (350 open, 27 closed treatment) was reviewed by reference to clinical and radiological pre- and postoperative documentation. Follow-up period was 12 months. Pearsons' chi-square-test, correlations, Kruskal-Wallis test and t-test were carried out for statistical analysis. RESULTS The dominant type of fracture was type II in Spiessl and Schroll classification (50.1%). In the open treated fractures, the most common approach was retromandibular transparotid (91.7%). Post-treatment malocclusion occurred in 18.0% and was significantly increased in bilateral fractures (p = .039), in luxation fractures (p = .016) and in patients with full dentition (p = .004). After open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), temporary FNP was documented in 7.1% whereas a permanent paresis occurred in 1.7%. FNP was significantly associated with high fractures (p = .001), comminution (p = .028) and increased duration of surgery (p = .040). Parotid complications were significantly associated with revision surgery (p = .009). Post-treatment reduction of MMO mainly occurred in female patients (p < .001) as well as in patients with bilateral fractures (p < .001), high fractures (p = .030) and concomitant mandibular (p = .001) and midfacial fractures (p = .009). CONCLUSION Malocclusion seems to be the most frequent long-term complication after open reduction and osteosynthesis of extracapsular mandibular condyle fractures. We suggest ORIF by a transparotid approach to be an appropriate treatment with a low complication rate regarding especially FNP for extracapsular fractures of the mandibular condyle.
The effect of mindfulness-based intervention on cognitively unimpaired older adults’ cognitive function and sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on cognitively unimpaired older adults’ cognitive function and sleep quality. Method: Studies published in English since 2010 were considered for inclusion. Databases searched were PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycInfo. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with adults over 55 with no known cognitive impairment, that recorded cognitive outcomes and/or sleep quality pre- and post-intervention, and that implemented Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), or an MBI closely based on MBSR protocol. Results: Seven RCTs fit the inclusion criteria, with 276 participants in MBI groups and 287 in controls. Four studies investigated mindfulness and cognitive function, two investigated mindfulness and sleep quality, and one investigated mindfulness, cognitive function, and sleep quality. Some studies were not reported in sufficient detail to be included in meta-analyses. Results of meta-analyses showed no significant differences between MBI groups vs controls on cognitive measures of executive function, free recall, and delayed recall. Meta-analysis revealed that MBI significantly improved sleep quality compared to controls. Conclusion: Given that poor sleep quality is strongly linked to increased risk of cognitive decline, further research investigating sleep quality’s role in the mindfulness-cognitive function relationship in cognitively unimpaired older adults is recommended.
A comparative study on the persistence and viability of SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and omicron variant on artificially contaminated surfaces: the role of fomites

ABSTRACT Indirect transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been investigated but it is still not completely understood. The present study aimed to compare the persistence and viability of the lineage B.1 and omicron BA.1 subvariant in five daily-use materials to evaluate the role of fomites as a possible source of infection. Artificial contamination was performed in the first set of materials, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), cardboard, polystyrene, aluminium, and plastic. Further surfaces using BA.1 (glass, plexiglass, cotton, polyester, and tetrapak) were conducted. The persistence, viability of Vero E6 cell cultures and the residual infectivity of the two lineages were evaluated over 5 days. The results showed different stabilities between the tested matrices. In cotton and polyester, the RNA was undetectable in 24 and 48h post-contamination (p.c.), respectively, and the virus was not viable within 30 min, while in the other surfaces, both lineages, RNA was detectable until 120h p.c. A rapid decay of the viral load was revealed on cardboard, mostly for the omicron variant. Furthermore, on all the materials, longer stability of BA.1 was demonstrated, but showing a less intense CPE than the wild-type. EVA was the material that was able to better sustain virus stability as the virus developed CPE up to 72h p.c. In conclusion, the potential spread of SARS-CoV-2 through fomites is conceivable, albeit it is difficult to establish the real capacity to infect people. Nevertheless, thise information is fundamental to adopting the appropriate measures to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
The competence of street food vendors to provide nutritious and safe food to consumers: a cross-sectional survey among street food vendors in Northern Ghana

Abstract Increasingly most people have their meals outside their homes and are vulnerable to illnesses caused by unsafe foods. Unsafe food preparation and supply by vendors have made food safety a concern for public health. The present study evaluated the nutrition knowledge, attitude and food safety and hygienic practices of street food vendors (SFVs) in Northern Ghana. An analytical cross-sectional study design was conducted among 424 SFVs, and the data were collected using questionnaires and observation. The mean ± sd nutrition knowledge score of the SFVs was 7⋅08 ± 1⋅75 in which the majority of the participants (68⋅6 %) knew foods that help fight diseases and build immunity. The mean ± sd food safety and hygienic practice score was 7⋅61 ± 2⋅66 with more than half of the participants reportedly not using hand gloves while preparing and serving food. Factors that were associated with food safety and hygienic practices of the SFVs were level of education (β = −0⋅36, P < 0⋅001), number of hours worked (β = 0⋅15, P = 0⋅002), food hygiene and safety knowledge (β = 0⋅21, P = 0⋅002), having a business certificate (β = −0⋅15, P = 0⋅004) and having medical check-up (β = 0⋅11, P = 0⋅029). The food safety and hygienic practices of the SFVs may constitute a food safety risk to consumers. Improving food safety and hygiene knowledge may be important but regular monitoring and check-up by the FDA could result in SFVs following the required food safety and hygienic practices.
Analyticity and dynamics of a Navier-Stokes-Keller-Segel system on bounded domains

We consider a coupled chemotaxis-fluid model : 8><>>: ∂tu + u · ∇u +∇P = νΔu− n∇φ, ∇ · u = 0, ∂tn + u · ∇n = DnΔn−∇ · (nχ(c)∇c), ∂tc + u · ∇c = DcΔc− nf(c), describing the interplay of hydrodynamics and chemotaxis in bacterial suspensions, on bounded domains in R (d = 2, 3). In the first part of the paper, by assuming φ, χ and f are analytic functions, we show that solutions on periodic domains become instantaneously analytic with respect to spatial variables for rough data, due to the parabolic smoothing effect. The result holds for all space dimensions, d ≥ 2, for short time when the initial data is large and for an arbitrarily long given time when initial data is small in a suitably strong regularity class. However, if the initial data belongs to a weaker regularity class, then the smoothing effect is shown to hold for only small data and large time. The second part of the paper is devoted to the study of long-time asymptotic behavior of classical solutions in two space dimensions when χ(c) ≡ 0 ≡ f(c) and φ = xd. By using L -based energy methods, it is shown that when ν > 0 and Dn > 0, the equilibrium determined by the no-flow boundary condition for u and a naturally stabilizing boundary condition for n is globally asymptotically stable regardless of the magnitude of initial data. In addition, by developing a novel energy method, we show that when ν = 0 and Dn > 0, the naturally stabilizing boundary datum for n is still globally asymptotically stable. These appear to be the first such results for the model on bounded domains with physical boundaries. In addition, the method for proving the last result can be of independent interest. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 35B30, 35B40, 35B45, 35B65, 76D05, 92C15, 92C45.
The multiplicity of binary recurrences

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Exact solutions to the Dirac equation for equilateral triangular billiard systems

We present a simple analytical method, based on the symmetry transformations of the point group , to derive the exact energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the stationary Dirac equation for a spin-1/2 fermion confined in a quantum billiard of an equilateral triangular shape with impenetrable boundary. Adequate boundary conditions on the Dirac spinors are proposed to preserve the self-adjointness of the Dirac operator, and guarantee the impenetrability of the probability current through the hard walls of the triangular billiard. The non-relativistic limit of our results are calculated and found to be in full agreement with their corresponding counterparts in the Schrödinger wave mechanics.
ON SOME SUBSEMIGROUPS OF THE GROUPS L1s AND L1∞

The problem of determination of some class of geometric objects has been reduced about forty years ago to consideration of some subsemigroups of the differential group L\ (cf. [1] and [6]). Over the last years many papers has been devoted the problem of determining of subsemigroups and subgroups of the group L\ (see among others [2], [3] and [5]-[15]). In this paper we are going to generalize the results from [5], [9] and [13] concerning determination of some form subsemigroups of the group L\. Denote by R the set of all real numbers and by |fc, l\ the set of all integer numbers n such that k < n < I (|fc, oo| denotes the set of all integers n> k). n Let Ro : = R\{0}. We adhere to the convention that 0° = 1, a* = 0 and k=m |m, n| = 0 for m > n. We begin with two definitions of groups L\ and L^. DEFINITION 1. Let s be a positive integer number. A set Z s : = { i s : = ( x ! , . , ! ^ ! 5 : Xi ± 0 } with the operation • y s = ^s where n n fc=i uneun
Tau, microtubule dynamics, and axonal transport: New paradigms for neurodegenerative disease

The etiology of Tauopathies, a diverse class of neurodegenerative diseases associated with the Microtubule Associated Protein (MAP) Tau, is usually described by a common mechanism in which Tau dysfunction results in the loss of axonal microtubule stability. Here, we reexamine and build upon the canonical disease model to encompass other Tau functions. In addition to regulating microtubule dynamics, Tau acts as a modulator of motor proteins, a signaling hub, and a scaffolding protein. This diverse array of functions is related to the dynamic nature of Tau isoform expression, post‐translational modification (PTM), and conformational flexibility. Thus, there is no single mechanism that can describe Tau dysfunction. The effects of specific pathogenic mutations or aberrant PTMs need to be examined on all of the various functions of Tau in order to understand the unique etiology of each disease state.
Ohm’s Law explains astrophysical phenomenon of dark matter and dark energy

It is shown that Ohm's law in the theory of linear electric alternating current circuits proves the physical reality of the named imaginary numbers with its very existence. Thus it refutes the expansive interpretation of the current version of the second postulate of the special theory of relativity. Version of the special theory of relativity that was corrected in accordance with the principle of the physical reality of imaginary numbers allowed to produce a hypothesis about a hidden Multiverse, which explains the astrophysical phenomenon of the dark matter and dark energy.
Markov-Chain Approximations for Life-Cycle Models

Non-stationary income processes are standard in quantitative life-cycle models, prompted by the observation that within-cohort income inequality increases with age. This paper generalizes Tauchen (1986), Adda and Cooper (2003), and Rouwenhorst's (1995) discretization methods to non-stationary AR(1) processes. We evaluate the performance of these methods in the context of a canonical life-cycle, income-fluctuation problem with a non-stationary income process. We also examine the case in which innovations to the persistent component of earnings are modeled as draws from a mixture of Normal distributions. We find that the generalized Rouwenhorst method performs consistently better than the others even with a relatively small number of states. (Copyright: Elsevier)
Performing best when it matters the most: evidence from professional handball

Abstract We analyze the impact of psychological pressure on performance with over 5500 handball penalties thrown in either the decisive stage or the rest of the game during matches of the 2019/2020 season in the first three German handball leagues. Contrary to the choking under pressure phenomenon, most of the analyzed players perform best when it matters the most. The positive effect of pressure on performance is highest when the score is even or when the thrower’s team is trailing. We control for gender and psychological traits assessed with a survey. In our sample, female players score with a higher probability than male players. The positive impact of pressure is not significantly higher for female players.
Magnetic anisotropy and spin crossover at molecule-metal interfaces

L'utilisation de materiaux organiques pour l'electronique de spin suscite actuellement un fort interet. En effet, le long temps de diffusion de spin, la possibilite de manipuler l'etat de spin d'une molecule ainsi que son interaction avec une surface magnetique offrent a priori de nouvelles possibilites pour la realisation de nouveaux dispositifs d'electronique de spin. L'incorporation dans des dispositifs de molecules possedant deux etats de spin necessite la comprehension du phenomene de transition de spin une fois que les molecules sont en contact direct avec des surfaces metalliques.L'objectif de ce travail de these est l'etude des interfaces molecule-metal. Dans une premiere partie, nous avons etudie le magnetisme d'interfaces ferromagnetique-organique en utilisant differentes molecules et differents metaux ferromagnetiques. Nous nous sommes particulierement interesses a l'anisotropie magnetique dans ces systemes. Dans une deuxieme partie, nous avons etudie le phenomene de transition de spin moleculaire en contact avec une surface metallique. La spectroscopie d'absorption et le dichroisme magnetique des rayons x ont d'abord permis de mettre en evidence cette transition a l'echelle globale ensuite, nous avons utilise la microscopie a effet tunnel pour etudier ce phenomene a l'echelle moleculaire dans un cristal 2d de molecule. Nous avons notamment observe la dynamique de la transition sous irradiation laser pour la premiere fois a l'echelle moleculaire.
A high capacity reversible watermarking scheme for relational databases based on mapping difference expansion

The watermarking technique can be used to protect the copyright of relational databases by hiding the ownership information into the relational databases. Difference expansion (DE) technique is one of the common reversible watermarking techniques for numerical relational databases. However, most previous schemes based on DE suffer the problem of low embedding capacity when the difference values between different attributes are relatively large. In this paper, we propose a novel reversible watermarking scheme to solve the above problem. In the scheme, a mapping difference expansion (MDE) method is proposed to convert the differences between attributes to small mapping differences. Based on the MDE, an attribute and tuple selection algorithm is designed to select the suitable data for watermarking, which can increase embedding capacity and reduce distortion. In addition, the majority voting technique is utilized to enhance the robustness of watermarking with the high embedding capacity. The experimental results have shown that the proposed scheme can provide higher embedding capacity, lower distortion and stronger robustness than other schemes.
Hypersurfaces of prescribed curvature in hyperbolic space

In this paper we consider the problem of existence of hypersurfaces with prescribed curvature in hyperbolic space. We use the upper half-space model of hyperbolic space. The hypersurfaces we consider are given as graphs of positive functions on some domain Ω ∈ R satisfying equations of form f(A) = f(κ1, . . . , κn) = ψ, where A is the second fundamental form of a hypersurface, f(A) is a smooth symmetric function of the eigenvalues of A and ψ is a function of position. If we impose certain conditions on f and ψ, the above equation can be treated as an elliptic, fully non-linear partial differential equation G(Du,Du, u) = ψ(x, u). We then derive an existence result for the corresponding Dirichlet problem.
Modelization of earth electrode excited by atmospheric discharges based on FEM

The aim of this paper is to obtain the distribution of tensions in the land excited by currents type ray using different types of electrodes: the goad electrodes and the deep goad electrodes, and as an exceptional case an electrode type drags was used. In this work, the program ANSYS that is based on the finite elements method (FEM) was used. After the simulation of the distribution of tensions, different parameters were obtained, such as the tensions of step (Vp) and of contact (Vc) which determine the security of the installation of put in the earth (PE) protection.