Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of musical training in symbolic and non-symbolic audiovisual judgements of magnitude

Quantity estimation can be represented in either an analog or symbolic manner and recent evidence now suggests that analog and symbolic representation of quantities interact. Nonetheless, those two representational forms of quantities may be enhanced by convergent multisensory information. Here, we elucidate those interactions using high-density electroencephalography (EEG) and an audiovisual oddball paradigm. Participants were presented simultaneous audiovisual tokens in which the co-varying pitch of tones was combined with the embedded cardinality of dot patterns. Incongruencies were elicited independently from symbolic and non-symbolic modality within the audio-visual percept, violating the newly acquired rule that “the higher the pitch of the tone, the larger the cardinality of the figure. ” The effect of neural plasticity in symbolic and non-symbolic numerical representations of quantities was investigated through a cross-sectional design, comparing musicians to musically naïve controls. Individual’s cortical activity was reconstructed and statistically modeled for a predefined time-window of the evoked response (130–170 ms). To summarize, we show that symbolic and non-symbolic processing of magnitudes is re-organized in cortical space, with professional musicians showing altered activity in motor and temporal areas. Thus, we argue that the symbolic representation of quantities is altered through musical training.
The Kenevo microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee compared with non–microprocessor-controlled knees in individuals older than 65 years in Sweden: A cost-effectiveness and budget-impact analysis

Background: Growing evidence suggests that individuals with transfemoral amputation or knee disarticulation using a prosthesis equipped with a microprocessor-controlled knee (MPK) benefit from enhanced mobility and safety, including less falls. In elderly individuals, high mortality rates are assumed to reduce the expected useful life of MPKs, and this raises concerns regarding their economic effectiveness. Objective: To investigate the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of the Kenevo/MPK (Ottobock, Germany) compared with non–microprocessor-controlled knees (NMPKs) in people older than 65 years at the time of transfemoral amputation/knee disarticulation, from a Swedish payer’s perspective. Methods: A decision-analytic model was developed to conduct the economic analysis of the Kenevo/MPK. Model parameters were derived from Swedish databases and published literature. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to explore parameter uncertainty. Results: Compared with NMPKs, the Kenevo/MPK reduced the frequency of hospitalizations by 137 per 1,000 person years while the frequency of fatal falls was reduced by 19 per 1,000 person-years in the simulation. Over a 25-year time horizon, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was EUR11,369 per quality-adjusted life year. The probability of the MPK being cost-effective at a threshold of EUR40,000 per quality-adjusted life year was 99%. The 5-year budget impact model predicted an increase in payer expenditure of EUR1.76 million if all new patients received a Kenevo/MPK, and 50% of current NMPK users switched to the MPK. Conclusions: Results of the modeling suggest that the Kenevo/MPK is likely to be cost-effective for elderly individuals, primarily because of a reduction in falls.
Pain, hand function, activity performance and apprehensiveness, in patients with surgically treated distal radius fractures

Abstract Distal radius fracture (DRF) is a common injury, affecting both function and activity performance. Postoperative rehabilitation is an essential part of the treatment of a surgically treated DRF. The study aims were to assess pain, hand function, activity performance and apprehensiveness and their association, during the first three months after a surgically treated DRF. Eighty-eight patients with a DRF were assessed for pain, hand function, activity performance and apprehensiveness three days and two, six and 12 weeks after surgery. The results indicated that pain, range of motion (ROM), grip strength, apprehensiveness, and activity performance (PRWE) improved significantly between follow-ups (p < .001–.01). Apprehensiveness correlated moderately with activity performance on all visits (0.40–0.47, p < .01), which implies a correlation between the variables, but the regression model showed that the differences in the PRWE at twelve weeks cannot be explained by the differences in apprehensiveness or range of motion at cast removal. At 12 weeks, the study participants had regained almost 70% of their grip strength and 74–96% of the ROM of the uninjured hand. The study shows that, during the study period, the participants improved in both pain, hand function and activity performance, and indicates that a simple question on apprehensiveness in terms of using the injured hand in daily life could be an important factor in distal radius fracture rehabilitation.
Adolescent betting on esports using cash and skins: Links with gaming, monetary gambling, and problematic gambling

Adolescents can easily access esports betting sites and place bets using cash or skins. This descriptive cross-sectional study examined the characteristics of adolescent esports bettors and relationships between their esports betting, video gaming activities, monetary gambling participation, and at-risk/problem gambling. Two survey samples of Australians aged 12–17 years were recruited through advertisements (n = 841) and online panel providers (n = 826). In both samples, gender and parents’ living situation did not differ by past-month esports cash and skin betting, but recent esports betting was associated with engaging in esports gaming activities such as playing and watching esports, and in monetary gambling activities. Past-month esports betting using cash and skins was significantly associated with at-risk/problem gambling. After controlling for recent monetary gambling, recent esports skin bettors were over 3 times more likely to meet criteria for at-risk/problem gambling. Esports betting using skins appears to pose risks for young people and is easily accessible through unlicensed operators.
CFD analysis of smoke backlayering dispersion in tunnel fires with longitudinal ventilation

In a longitudinally ventilated tunnel fire, the backlayering flow propagated in the opposite direction to the air current is the most fatal contaminations to users which are blocked upstream of the fire. In the present paper, numerical simulations were conducted using Fire Dynamic Simulator, which is based on large eddy simulations to estimate the backlayering arrival time in a longitudinally ventilated tunnel fire. The effect of a vehicle obstruction on the backlayering arrival time will be also investigated. For this, a vehicle model occupying about 31% of the tunnel cross section is simulated upstream of the fire source with its location relative to the tunnel floor is varied. The numerical investigation shows that the inertia and the buoyancy forces produced by ventilation and fire, respectively, affect the backlayering spread. The backlayering arrival time increases with the longitudinal ventilation velocity while it decreases with the fire heat release rate. When a vehicle obstruction existed within the tunnel, the numerical results show an increase of backlayering arrival time. This increase is significantly more important with the fire distance when the vehicle obstruction approaches the tunnel floor. Two correlations are developed, with and without obstruction in the tunnel, to predict the backlayering arrival time against the distance to fire. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Full paper Medicine 1 Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography of Kidney in Conscious and Anesthetized Beagle 2 Dogs 3

Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is useful to evaluate tissue perfusion in 26 the kidney. In veterinary medicine, sedation or anesthesia may be required in uncooperative 27 or panting patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the normal kidney 28 perfusion patterns in conscious and anesthetized dogs using CEUS. Eight healthy beagles 29 were used in this study. Scanning was performed in conscious dogs using manual restraint 30 (conscious group), or under general anesthesia using tiletamine-zolazepam and medetomidine 31 (TZM group) or medetomidine (M group). The contrast agent (Sonovue ® ) was administered 32 as an IV bolus. The peak intensity (PI), time to peak enhancement from injection (TTP 0 ) and 33 the time to peak enhancement from the initial rise (TTP up ), upslope, downslope and area 34 under the curve (AUC) were analyzed. Compared to the cortical values in the conscious 35 group, TTP 0 was significantly delayed in the TZM group, and upslope, TTP 0 and TTP up were 36 significantly different in the M group. The AUCs in the TZM and M groups were not 37 different from those in the conscious group. The upslope of renal medullary perfusion was 38 significantly decreased in the TZM and M groups. TTP 0 and TTP up were also significantly 39 delayed in these groups. The AUC of the medulla was significantly decreased in the M group. 40 Therefore, TZM is useful as an anesthetic protocol when performing CEUS, and the obtained 41 data may serve as reference values in the evaluation of renal perfusion using CEUS in dogs 42 under anesthesia. 43 44 45
A NEW THEORY OF URBAN DESIGN

developing within the Purchase, as well as with the state and federal governments, required political skill, nepotism, and contributions. A practical man, Ellicott developed the insight to adjust his boundaries to existing roads and large streams while envisioning potential opportunities for commerce. This is evident in his location and platting of Batavia as an entry point from the east and New Amsterdam (now Buffalo) as a gateway to the west. It is with the latter that he was most successful, for which he deserves some association with visionaries such as Pope Sixtus V, who predetermined the form of Rome by placing obelisks at critical locations, or Robert Moses, who knew that if he built a major highway to a river, someone would have to build a bridge. Less engaging are the sections devoted to the settlers’ views and experiences which might apply equally to any group of pioneers in the great forests of eastern North America. The impact of this early nineteenth century development on the land is presented as surviving in many roadways, most town lines, and field patterns in specific areas. Of course, this is not extraordinary; it is true of most cultural landscapes that have not undergone urbanization or heavy suburban development. It is also true that these surviving patterns are best observed from the air as, for example, in Iowa, where the pattern originally imposed is much more evident. Wykoff included maps to illustrate the survey system, the platts, and the settlement patterns. The character of a few specific areas is presented with maps and photographs as they appear today. The reader’s comprehension of the rational for the development--as well as the progress of settlement-would have been aided by the inclusion of a better graphic description of the physiographic characteristics of the whole Purchase. The text is accompanied by an appropriate bibliography. Settlement patterns, in association with land use, have always been the primary force which influences the physical character of cultural landscapes. The theocratic compacts that established settlements in New England produced a landscape quite different from that determined by the decentralized philosophy of the Quakers in Pennsylvania. The impact of the Homestead Act and subdivision regulations continue. For those interested in tracing these influences, this book fills a gap at the turn of the nineteenth century and provides valuable documentation concerning the techniques of survey and marketing. Finally, this reviewer takes exception to the subtitle of this book, The Making of the Western New York Landscape. The basic landscape of western New York was made in prehistoric times. Planners, developers, landscape architects, and farmers have merely modified it. ThomasJ. Kane owns Tom Kane and Associates, Landscape Architects and Planners, Main Street, East Hardwick, VT 05836.
Modeling power flow in the induction cavity with a two dimensional circuit simulation

We have proposed a two dimensional (2D) circuit model of induction cavity. The oil elbow and azimuthal transmission line are modeled with one dimensional transmission line elements, while 2D transmission line elements are employed to represent the regions inward the azimuthal transmission line. The voltage waveforms obtained by 2D circuit simulation and transient electromagnetic simulation are compared, which shows satisfactory agreement. The influence of impedance mismatch on the power flow condition in the induction cavity is investigated with this 2D circuit model. The simulation results indicate that the peak value of load voltage approaches the maximum if the azimuthal transmission line roughly matches the pulse forming section. The amplitude of output transmission line voltage is strongly influenced by its impedance, but the peak value of load voltage is insensitive to the actual output transmission line impedance. When the load impedance raises, the voltage across the dummy load increases, and the pulse duration at the oil elbow inlet and insulator stack regions also slightly increase.
Queensland

immunopathogenesis targeted see more robust of Background: In Australia, the National Bowel Cancer Screening Pro- gram aims to reduce colorectal cancer mortality by facilitating early diagnosis of malignancy and allowing for endoscopic removal of lesions with malignant potential. After index colonoscopy, the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) guidelines 1 recommend a follow up interval for surveillance colonoscopy based on the number and characteristics of detected adenomas. Adherence to these guidelines has been sub- optimal 2
Live and dead qPCR detection demonstrates that feeding of Nosema ceranae results in infection in the honey bee but not the bumble bee

Abstract As the honey bee and bumble bee may suffer from the same or related microbial pathogens, cross contamination from commercially reared Bombus spp. to honey bees and wild bumble bees and vice versa is a major concern. Honey bee-collected pollen to feed commercially reared Bombus spp. is a potential risk. Nosema spp. is a fungal pathogen in bees. In this study, we developed new quantitative detection tools based on the detection of RNA using a TaqMan-based RT-qPCR for Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis, with extraction controls based on the actin gene of honey bees and bumble bees, respectively. These tools were subsequently applied to study the epidemiology of N. ceranae, a main disease in honey bees. We screened gamma radiation and cold treatment sterilisation for their efficacy to kill N. ceranae spores fed in sugar water and in pollen to honey bees and bumble bees, respectively. N. ceranae infection in adult bumble bees was checked. Spores passing the inter-alimentary track were found but no infection was observed. N. ceranae spores were fed to honey bees. Their presence and multiplication were demonstrated, showing the spores were both viable and infectious. Our results indicate that N. ceranae found in honey bees cannot infect commercially reared bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) and, that gamma radiation effectively kills N. ceranae. The highly specific and sensitive molecular assays developed, were exploited to detect N. ceranae in pollen and faeces, which would allow more comprehensive epidemiological studies on this important pathogen.
Sensory responses in dorsolateral striatum are modulated by motor activity in a dopamine-dependent manner

The dorsolateral striatum (DLS) receives excitatory inputs from both sensory and motor cortical regions and is involved in sensory and motor functions. In cortical regions, sensory responses are altered by motor activity, however, it is not known if such sensorimotor interactions also occur in the striatum and how they are modulated by dopamine (DA). To determine the impact of motor activity on striatal sensory processing, we performed in vivo whole-cell recordings in the DLS of awake mice during the presentation of tactile stimuli. Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) were activated by both whisker stimulation and spontaneous whisking, however, responses to whisker deflection during ongoing whisking were attenuated. DA depletion reduced the representation of whisking in direct-pathway MSNs, but not in those of the indirect-pathway. Furthermore, DA depletion impaired the discrimination between ipsi- and contralateral sensory stimulation in both direct- and indirect- pathway MSNs. Our results show that sensory responses in basal ganglia circuits are modulated by motor activity and that both processes are dopamine- and cell type-dependent.
Actuating tension-loaded DNA clamps drives membrane tubulation

Membrane dynamics in living organisms can arise from proteins adhering to, assembling on, and exerting force on cell membranes. Programmable synthetic materials, such as self-assembled DNA nanostructures, offer the capability to drive membrane remodeling events in a way that resembles protein-mediated dynamics, but with user-defined outcomes. An example showcasing this capability is the tubular deformation of liposomes by DNA nanostructures with purposely designed shapes, surface modifications, and self-assembling properties. However, stimulus-responsive membrane tubulation mediated by DNA structure reconfiguration remains challenging. Here we present the triggered formation of membrane tubes in response to specific DNA signals that actuate membrane-bound DNA clamps from an open state to various predefined closed states, releasing pre-stored energy to activate membrane deformation. Using giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as a model system, we show that the timing and efficiency of tubulation, as well as the width of membrane tubes, are modulated by the conformational change of DNA clamps, marking a solid step toward spatiotemporal control of membrane dynamics in an artificial system.
Progressive Brain Structural Impairment Assessed via Network and Causal Analysis in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus-Related Cirrhosis

Objectives This research amid to elucidate the disease stage-specific spatial patterns and the probable sequences of gray matter (GM) deterioration as well as the causal relationship among structural network components in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis (HBV-RC) patients. Methods Totally 30 HBV-RC patients and 38 healthy controls (HC) were recruited for this study. High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) were evaluated in all participants. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM), structural covariance network (SCN), and causal SCN (CaSCN) were applied to identify the disease stage-specific GM abnormalities in morphology and network, as well as their causal relationship. Results Compared to HC (0.443 ± 0.073 cm3), the thalamus swelled significantly in the no minimal hepatic encephalopathy (NMHE) stage (0.607 ± 0.154 cm3, p <0.05, corrected) and further progressed and expanded to the bilateral basal ganglia, the cortices, and the cerebellum in the MHE stage (p < 0.05, corrected). Furthermore, the thalamus swelling had a causal effect on other parts of cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus circuits (p < 0.05, corrected), which was negatively correlated with cognitive performance (r = −0.422, p < 0.05). Moreover, the thalamus-related SCN also displayed progressive deterioration as the disease advanced in HBV-RC patients (p < 0.05, corrected). Conclusion Progressive deterioration of GM morphology and SCN exists in HBV-RC patients during advanced disease, displaying thalamus-related causal effects. These findings indicate that bilateral thalamus morphology as well as the thalamus-related network may serve as an in vivo biomarker for monitoring the progression of the disease in HBV-RC patients.
Recognition of the Effect of Indirect Revascularization for Moyamoya Disease: The Balance Between the Stage Progression and Neoangiogenesis

Objective To explore the long-term progression of neoangiogenesis after indirect revascularization for moyamoya disease (MMD). Methods We enrolled patients who were diagnosed with MMD and treated by encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) surgery at our center from December 2002 through September 2009. A comparative study between short-term (6–12 months) and long-term (duration ≥ 8 years) follow-up angiographies was performed. The development of collateral circulation through EDAS was graded according to the system described by the Matsushima grade system. Results A total of 78 patients who received indirect EDAS were enrolled in the study. The mean age at the first operation was 26.9 ± 15.0 years. The Matsushima grades of the same hemisphere were higher at the long-term follow-up compared with the short-term follow-up. Importantly, no attenuation was observed in any hemisphere during the long-term follow-up. In total, 51 hemispheres (32.7%) and 26 hemispheres (16.6%) had progression during the short-term and the long-term follow-up, respectively. The ipsilateral Suzuki stage showed a significant negative correlation with progression pace. Furthermore, higher Suzuki stages were significantly correlated with the postsurgical Matsushima grade at both time points. A total of nine strokes (11.5%) occurred in 78 patients was reported at the long-term follow-up. The annual incidence rate of recurrent strokes was higher for the stage progression group than for the stable group. Conclusion For patients with MMD, postsurgical neoangiogenesis after indirect bypass continuously improved with time. The short-term progression of the internal carotid artery (ICA) might be attributed to cerebral revascularization, while the long-term progression should be attributed to the natural progression of the disease.
Impact of Principal Leadership Styles on Teacher Job Performance: An Empirical Investigation

This study is intended to investigate the relationship and effect of principal leadership styles on teacher job performance at public secondary schools in Faisalabad city, Punjab, Pakistan. Given a correlational design purpose, data were assembled by drawing a sample of 102 principals and 512 teachers through self-administered questionnaires. The first instrument titled “Questionnaire for Principal Leadership Style” (QPLS) comprises three subscales, all reflecting a high degree of internal consistency, namely, autocratic leadership (α = 0.832), democratic leadership (α = 0.759), and laissez-faire leadership (α = 0.852). The second tool, Questionnaire for Teacher Job Performance (QTJP), also indicates good reliability (α = 0.813). Regarding the verification of the research questions and hypotheses, percentages, multiple regression, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were subsequently performed at the significance level of p < 0.05. As the findings attest, 59.3% of the variation in teacher job performance was statistically explained as the result of shared involvement of principal autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles. The results also revealed that the autocratic leadership constituted the largely exercised style, significantly exerting a strong and positive impact on teacher job performance, while the impact of laissez-faire leadership style was either problematic or unhelpful. Ultimately, the findings suggest that the principals under study should leverage a wise integration of leadership styles according to specific circumstances of their respective schools.