Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vestibular Function Predicts Prefrontal and Sensorimotor Cortical Gray Matter Volumes in a Cross-Sectional Study of Healthy, Older Adults

The vestibular system is emerging as a pre-eminent contributor to alterations in the structure and function of the central nervous system. Yet, whether age-related vestibular loss is related to volume loss in the cerebral cortical areas that receive vestibular input remains unknown. In this cross-sectional study of 117 healthy, older adults from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we examine the relationships between age-related vestibular functions and the gray matter volumes of the prefrontal cortex and its subregions and of the sensorimotor cortex--regions known to process vestibular information. To measure the functions of three vestibular organs, the saccule, utricle, and horizontal semi-circular canal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), we performed cervical vestibular-evoked reflex (cVEMP), ocular VEMP (oVEMP), and video-head impulse tests, respectively. Log-linear multiple regression was used to investigate the relationships between average regional volume and vestibular function, adjusting for age, sex, and intracranial volume. We found that age-related changes in vestibular end-organ function differentially alter gray matter volumes in the prefrontal and sensorimotor cortices, with many findings persisting when considering left (or right) side only. Lower canal function had a degenerative effect on the volume of the prefrontal cortex concomitant with ongoing, age-related, global brain atrophy. Lower saccular function preserved the volume of the sensorimotor cortex against age-related, global brain atrophy and had no relationship with the prefrontal cortical volume. Whereas lower utricular function showed a degenerative effect on the volume of the middle frontal gyrus accompanying age-related, global brain atrophy, it showed a protective effect on the volume of the pole of the superior frontal gyrus and showed no relationship with sensorimotor cortical volume. Together, these findings suggest that vestibular function may play a role in the resilience to or acceleration of global age effects on regional brain atrophy. Moreover, these findings enhance the understanding of the role of age-related vestibular function in the structural alterations of the cerebral cortex.
The Emission Properties of RRAT J0139+3336 at 1.25 GHz

Rotating Radio Transients are a relatively new subclass of pulsar characterized by sporadic bursting emission of single pulses. Here, we present a single-pulse analysis of a rotating radio transient, RRAT J0139+3336, using Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope at 1250 MHz. Within 3.32 hr of continuous observation, 152 single pulses were detected in RRAT J0139+3336, with the pulse rate of 45 pulses per hour. We perform a spectral analysis on the single pulses of this pulsar for the first time, finding its mean spectral indices to be −3.2 ± 0.2, which is steeper than most known pulsars. On a single-pulse basis, we produce the first polarimetric profile of this pulsar, which fits well with the rotating vector model. The single pulses are clearly affected by diffractive scintillation with a characteristic scintillation bandwidth of v sc = 28 ± 9 MHz. The pulse energy distribution for RRAT J0139+3336 can be described by a log-normal model.
Gaia Astrometry Challenges the High Central Oxygen Abundance Claimed for the Pulsating Helium-Atmosphere White Dwarf KIC 08626021

The asteroseismic radius determination previously reported for the pulsating helium-atmosphere white dwarf star KIC 08626021 is 6σ discrepant with constraints from Gaia astrometry. This calls into question the other results of the asteroseismic analysis, especially the high (central) oxygen abundance that stellar evolutionary models have been unable to reproduce.
An N-annulated perylene butyl tetraester for alcohol processed semiconducting organic thin films

Herein, we report on the design and synthesis of an N-annulated perylene butyl tetraester (PTEN-H) for use in alcohol processed semiconducting films. PTEN-H was contrasted with the known N-annulated perylene diimide (PDIN-H) where the former has ring-opened imide positions which in turn lowers the electron affinity (i.e. rendering hole transporting) and improves polar green solvent solubility. PTEN-H can be solubilized in 1-butanol up to 10 mg ml−1 with gentle heating and can be spin-cast or slot-die coated to form uniform thin films on glass and/or plastic substrates. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were fabricated using PTEN-H in the active material layer which was deposited from solution using 1-butanol as the solvent. While hole mobilities were achieved (0.39 × 10−4 cm2 Vs−1), blending the molecular material with a previously reported green solvent processable semiconducting polymer, IIG20-OH, was done to boost performance. This led to increased mobilities for not only the native molecular PTEN-H material, but for the native IIG20-OH polymer as well. Furthermore, a blend of PTEN-H and IIG20-OH were slot-die coated onto a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate giving uniform thin films suitable for large area device fabrication.
SYMMETRY IN MATHEMATICS AND ART: AN EXPLORATION OF AN ART VENUE FOR MATHEMATICS LEARNING

ABSTRACT Symmetry is an aspect of mathematics that is strongly linked to art and design. We chose to explore this connection in the context of a liberal arts mathematics course. Here we present a brief description of this course, including an outline of the curriculum and specific features of the course. We subsequently present the results of a study we conducted to examine students' understanding of symmetry in this context. The findings suggest that when working with repetitious geometric art designs students' approach to symmetry often goes beyond the one-to-one correspondence between specific pieces of art and symmetry concepts, to the development of a correspondence between types of art designs and abstract types of group symmetry concepts. Further, familiarity with symmetry concepts allows students to use abstraction as a tool in their artistic creations. Finally, students reported improved attitudes towards mathematics and its relevance to their lives in general - a bonus finding for a liberal arts course.
The Jacobian module, the Milnor ﬁber, and the D -module generated by f s

For a germ f on a complex manifold X , we introduce a complex derived from the Liouville form acting on logarithmic differential forms, and give an exactness criterion. We use this Liouville complex to connect properties of the D -module generated by f s to homological data of the Jacobian ideal; speciﬁcally we show that for a large class of germs the annihilator of f s is generated by derivations. Through local cohomology, we connect the cohomology of the Milnor ﬁber to the Jacobian module via logarithmic differentials. In particular, we consider (not necessarily reduced) hyperplane arrangements: we prove a conjecture of Terao on the annihilator of 1 / f ; we conﬁrm in many cases a corresponding conjecture on the annihilator of f s but we disprove it in general; we show that the Bernstein–Sato polynomial of an arrangement is not determined by its intersection lattice; we prove that arrangements for which the annihilator of f s is generated by derivations ful-ﬁll the Strong Monodromy Conjecture, and that this includes as very special cases all arrangements of Coxeter and of crystallographic type, and all multi-arrangements in dimension 3.
The Visible and Near-Infrared Dust Opacity Law in the HH 30 Circumstellar Disk

We present new images of the scattered-light disk around HH 30 at 0.44 and 0.81 μm. We model these images and an existing 2.04 μm image by using a multiple-scattering code, varying and fitting for the disk parameters and the dust opacity ratios at these wavelengths. A wide range of different disk geometries provide adequate fits to the data; there is no single best-fit geometry. In particular, the fits cannot resolve the ambiguity between the power-law indices in surface density and scale height. On the other hand, the inclination, opacity-mass product, scale height, and to a lesser degree the extinction to the star are relatively tightly constrained. Despite the ambiguity in geometry, we conclude that the dust opacity in the scattering layers of the outer parts of the HH 30 circumstellar disk drops from 0.44 to 2.04 μm, but by less than in the low-density ISM. The median fit shows a drop by a factor of less than 2. This result is robust to reasonable changes in the disk density distribution. It suggests that moderate grain growth has occurred but that small grains still dominate the visible and near-infrared opacity.
Derivation of Exact Non-Linear Constitutive Equations: A Simple Model for a Non-Linear Diffusion Theory

En partant des modeles de vitesse discrets de l'equation de Boltzmann non lineaire. On obtient les lois constitutives non lineaires associees. La linearisation des resultats non lineaires conduit a une theorie du transport type Cattaneo mais pas a une theorie du transport type Fick ou type Fourier compatible avec a la fois la theorie de la thermodynamique irreversible generalisee et l'equation de la theorie cinetique
D0-D4 brane tachyon condensation to a BPS state and its excitation spectrum in noncommutative super Yang-Mills theory

We investigate the D0-D4-brane system for different B-field backgrounds including the small instanton singularity in noncommutative SYM theory. We discuss the excitation spectrum of the unstable state as well as for the BPS D0-D4 bound state. We compute the tachyon potential which reproduces the complete mass defect. The relevant degrees of freedom are the massless (4,4) strings. Both results are in contrast with existing string field theory calculations. The excitation spectrum of the small instanton is found to be equal to the excitation spectrum of the fluxon solution on θ2 × which we trace back to T-duality. For the effective theory of the (0,0) string excitations we obtain a BFSS matrix model. The number of states in the instanton background changes significantly when the B-field becomes self-dual. This leads us to the proposal of the existence of a phase transition or cross over at self-dual B-field.
Experiments on the flow and acoustic properties of a moderate-Reynolds-number supersonic jet

An experimental investigation of the flow and acoustic properties of a moderate-Reynolds-number (Re = 70000), Mach number M = 2·1, axisymmetric jet has been performed. These measurements extended the experimental studies conducted previously in this laboratory to a higher-Reynolds-number regime where the flow and acoustic processes are considerably more complex. In fact, mean-flow and acoustic properties of this jet were determined to be closely comparable to published properties of high-Reynolds-number jets. The major results of the flow-field measurements demonstrate that the jet shear annulus is unstable over a broad frequency range. The initial growth rates and wavelengths of these instabilities as measured by a hot wire were found to be in reasonable agreement with linear stability theory predictions. Also, in agreement with subsonic-jet results, the potential core of the jet was found to be most responsive to excitation at frequencies near a Strouhal number of S = 0·3. The overall development of organized disturbances around S = 0·2 seems to agree in general with calculations performed using the instability theory originally developed by Morris and Tam. The acoustic near field was characterized in terms of sound-pressure level and directivity for both natural and excited (pure-tone) jets. In addition, propagation direction and azimuthal character of dominant spectral components were also measured. It was determined that the large-scale flow disturbances radiate noise in a directional pattern centred about 30° from the jet axis. The noise from these disturbances appears from simple ray tracing to be generated primarily near the region of the jet where the coherent fluctuations saturate in amplitude and begin to decay. It was also determined that the large-scale components of the near-field sound are made up predominately of axisymmetric (n = 0) and helical (n = ±1) modes. The dominant noise-generation mechanism appears to be a combination of Mach-wave generation and a process associated with the saturation and disintegration of the large-scale instability. Finally, the further development of a noise-generation model of the instability type appears to hold considerable promise.
Clustering of solutions in hard satisfiability problems

We study numerically the solution space structure of random 3-SAT problems close to the SAT/UNSAT transition. This is done by considering chains of satisfiability problems, where clauses are added sequentially to a problem instance. Using the overlap measure of similarity between different solutions found on the same problem instance, we examine geometrical changes as a function of α. In each chain, the overlap distribution is first smooth, but then develops a tiered structure, indicating that the solutions are found in well separated clusters. On chains of not too large instances, all remaining solutions are eventually observed to be found in only one small cluster before vanishing. This condensation transition point is estimated by finite size scaling to be αc = 4.26 with an apparent critical exponent of about 1.7. The average overlap value is also observed to increase with α up to the transition, indicating a reduction in solutions space size, in accordance with theoretical predictions. The solutions are generated by a local heuristic, ASAT, and compared to those found by the Survey Propagation algorithm up to αc.
Classification accuracy of structural and functional connectomes across different depressive phenotypes

Abstract Phenotyping of major depressive disorder (MDD) can vary from study to study, which, together with heterogeneity of the disorder, may contribute to the inconsistent associations with neuroimaging features and underlie previous problems with machine-learning methods for MDD diagnostic applications. In this study, we examined the classification accuracy of structural and functional connectomes across different depressive phenotypes, including separating MDD subgroups into those with and without self-reported exposure to childhood trauma (CT) (one of the largest risk factors for MDD associated with brain development). We applied logistic ridge regression to classify control and MDD participants defined by six different MDD definitions in a large community-based sample (N=14,507). We used brain connectomic data based on six structural and two functional network weightings and conducted a comprehensive analysis to (i) explore how well different connectome modalities predict different MDD phenotypes commonly used in research, (ii) whether stratification of MDD based on self-reported exposure to childhood trauma (measured with the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ)) may improve the accuracies, and (iii) identify important predictive features across different MDD phenotypes. We found that functional connectomes outperformed structural connectomes as features for MDD classification across phenotypes. The highest accuracy of 64.8% (chance level 50.0%) was achieved in the Currently Depressed (defined by the presence of more than five symptoms of depression in the past 2 weeks) sample with additional CTQ criterion using partial correlation functional connectomes. The predictive feature overlap, measured using Jaccard index, indicated that there were neurobiological differences between MDD patients with and without childhood adversity. Further analysis of predictive features for different MDD phenotypes with hypergeometric tests revealed sensorimotor and visual subnetworks as important predictors of MDD. Our results suggest that differences in sensorimotor and visual subnetworks may serve as potential biomarkers of MDD.
Image based deep learning in 12-lead ECG diagnosis

Background The electrocardiogram is an integral tool in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Most studies on machine learning classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnoses focus on processing raw signal data rather than ECG images. This presents a challenge for models in many areas of clinical practice where ECGs are printed on paper or only digital images are accessible, especially in remote and regional settings. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of image based deep learning algorithms on 12-lead ECG diagnosis. Methods Deep learning models using VGG architecture were trained on various 12-lead ECG datasets and evaluated for accuracy by testing on holdout test data as well as data from datasets not seen in training. Grad-CAM was utilized to depict heatmaps of diagnosis. Results The results demonstrated excellent AUROC, AUPRC, sensitivity and specificity on holdout test data from datasets used in training comparable to the best signal and image-based models. Detection of hidden characteristics such as gender were achieved at a high rate while Grad-CAM successfully highlight pertinent features on ECGs traditionally used by human interpreters. Discussion This study demonstrates feasibility of image based deep learning algorithms in ECG diagnosis and identifies directions for future research in order to develop clinically applicable image based deep-learning models in ECG diagnosis.
Do Public Health Efforts Matter? Explaining Cross-Country Heterogeneity in Excess Death During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a devastating toll around the world. Since January 2020, the World Health Organization estimates 14.9 million excess deaths have occurred globally. Despite this grim number quantifying the deadly impact, the underlying factors contributing to COVID-19 deaths at the population level remain unclear. Prior studies indicate that demographic factors like proportion of population older than 65 and population health explain the cross-country difference in COVID-19 deaths. However, there has not been a holistic analysis including variables describing government policies and COVID-19 vaccination rate. Furthermore, prior studies focus on COVID-19 death rather than excess death to assess the impact of the pandemic. Through a robust statistical modeling framework, we analyze 80 countries and show that actionable public health efforts beyond just the factors intrinsic to each country are necessary to explain the cross-country heterogeneity in excess death.
Temporal Associations of Plasma Levels of the Secreted Phospholipase A2 Family and Mortality in Severe COVID-19

Previous research suggests that group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) plays a role in and predicts severe COVID-19 disease. The current study reanalyzed a longitudinal proteomic data set to determine the temporal (days 0, 3 and 7) relationship between the levels of several members of a family of sPLA2 isoforms and the severity of COVID-19 in 214 ICU patients. The levels of six secreted PLA2 isoforms, sPLA2-IIA, sPLA2-V, sPLA2-X, sPLA2-IB, sPLA2-IIC, and sPLA2-XVI, increased over the first 7 ICU days in those who succumbed to the disease. sPLA2-IIA outperformed top ranked cytokines and chemokines as predictors of patient outcome. A decision tree corroborated these results with day 0 to day 3 kinetic changes of sPLA2-IIA that separated the death and severe categories from the mild category and increases from day 3 to day 7 significantly enriched the lethal category. In contrast, there was a time-dependent decrease in sPLA2-IID and sPLA2-XIIB in patients with severe or lethal disease, and these two isoforms were at higher levels in mild patients. Taken together, proteomic analysis revealed temporal sPLA2 patterns that reflect the critical roles of sPLA2 isoforms in severe COVID-19 disease.
Risk factors for 30-day postoperative surgical site hematoma requiring evacuation after resection of brain metastases

Objective: To identify the risk factors for a 30-day postoperative surgical site hematoma requiring evacuation (POH) after surgical resection of brain metastases. Methods: Patients who underwent surgical resection of brain metastases between 2011 and 2019 at our institution were included. Risk factors for a 30-day POH were identified using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: A total of 158 patients were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) age of the study population was 59.3 (12.0) years, and 82 (53.2%) patients were female. The incidence of a 30-day POH was 8.2% (13 patients). There was no statistically significant association between the occurrence of a 30-day POH and overall mortality (p=0.100). On multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant association between a 30-day POH and younger age (OR=0.91; 95% CI=0.83, 0.99; p=0.035), higher BMI (OR=1.61; 95% CI=1.16, 2.46; p=0.010), and blood type AB (OR=21.7; 95% CI=1.66, 522; p=0.031). On receiver operating characteristic analysis, a threshold BMI of 25.1 kg/m2 and threshold age of 57 gave the optimum balance of sensitivity and specificity in predicting the occurrence of a 30-day POH. Conclusions: Patients below 57 years old, who have a BMI of above 25, and/or have blood type AB were at higher risk of developing a 30-day POH after surgical resection of brain metastases. Additional care in intraoperative hemostasis and postoperative monitoring may be indicated among patients who have these risk factors.
Influence of the Nuclei Size Distribution on the Collapsing Behavior of the Cloud Cavitation

Dynamics of a spherical bubble cloud with nuclei size distribution is investigated numerically when the surrounding pressure is decreased from 50kPa to 10kPa and then increased to 50kPa stepwisely. A set of governing equations for the motion of bubble cloud are formulated combining the averaged equation and the equation of bubble motion with emphasis on the internal phenomena of each bubble. The nuclei size distribution has significant effects on the cloud dynamics in comparsion with the results for mono-dispersed cloud. When the cloud contains multi-dispersed bubbles in their size, the maximum pressure in the bubbly mixture becomes lower than in case of mono-dispersed cloud. however, the maximum pressure emitted from each bubble has the same order for both cases. The range where high-emitted pressure is observed is wider than in mono-dispersed cloud.
A new greedy randomised adaptive search procedure for solving the maximum satisfiability problem

The maximum satisfiability problem (Max-Sat) is one of the most known variant of satisfiability problems. The objective is to find the best assignment for a set of Boolean variables that gives the maximum of verified clauses in a Boolean formula. Unfortunately, this problem was showed NP-complete if the number of variable per clause is higher than 3. In this paper, a new incomplete algorithm based on a greedy randomised adaptive search procedure (GRASP) is presented to deal with Max 3-Sat problem. The first GRASP’s phase is a new greedy algorithm based on iterative application of a new version of pure literal elimination technique called weighted literal elimination. In the next stage of the GRASP algorithm, a modified version of the Walksat procedure is applied using, as initial solutions, the solutions found by the greedy procedure of the GRASP algorithm. The obtained results are very encouraging and show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Star Counts Redivivus. I. A New Look at the Galaxy at Faint Magnitudes

We have used models of the Galactic stellar distribution to analyze Majewski's (1992) deep star-count data toward the north Galactic pole. While the total number counts are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of the current standard models, we find striking discrepancies between the observed and predicted color distributions at faint (V>20) magnitudes: the previously defined standard model predicts too many halo stars and too few disk stars. Indeed, our observations show that disk stars are the majority population to at least V=21. We have investigated the possible sources of these discrepancies using star-count models and present an interim model which better fits the available data