Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges in developing capability measures for children and young people for use in the economic evaluation of and interventions.

Methods for measuring outcomes suitable for economic evaluations of health and care interventions have primarily focused on adults. The validity of such methods for children and young people is questionable in areas including the outcome domains measured and how they are measured and valued, with most existing measures narrowly focusing on health. Novel methods for assessing benefits beyond health by focusing on a person's capability have also concentrated on adults to date. This paper aims to set out the rationale for capability measures in children and young people. It argues for the need to expand the evaluative space beyond health functioning towards broader capabilities, with children and young people playing an integral role in capability measure development. Drawing from existing literature, specific challenges related to the identification, measurement, and valuation of capabilities in children and young people are also discussed. Finally, the practical implications for conducting economic evaluation when measuring and valuing capabilities at different stages across the life‐course are illustrated. We develop an alternative framework based on conceiving capabilities as evolving across the life‐course. This framework may also be helpful in thinking about how to model health outcomes across the life‐course.
Creating and Using Personas in Software Development Practice

— Personas has been suggested as a strong technique for providing software developers with a deep understanding of the prospective users of a software system. This paper reports from two separate but related empirical studies. The first study was a questionnaire survey about Personas usage in software development companies. The purpose was to uncover to what extent and in which ways Personas are used in software development companies located in a specific geographical area. This study demonstrated that less than half of the respondents had ever heard about Personas. We also identified key obstacles towards use of the technique: lack of knowledge of the technique, lack of resources, sparse descriptions and scarce integration in development. The second study was based on detailed interviews with four software developers about their usage of Personas in development processes in the software industry. We identified basic practices in Personas creation and usage, and found that the respondents understand Personas creation and use differently from the practice described in the literature. In fact, developers are evolving their own practices for creating and using Personas.
Agree without agreement in object clitic doubling constructions

: This chapter investigates the relationship between object clitic doubling and object agreement. It is shown that, in Amharic and similar languages, the clitic on the verb is a separate pronominal element, which can trigger weak crossover and binding theory violations. At the same time, it acts like it enters into an Agree relationship with the doubled object, even though it does not c-command the object. It is shown that this unusual cluster of properties can be explained by analyzing object clitic doubling on the model of how switch-reference has been analyzed in recent work—particularly object=subject switch-reference in Shipibo and Yawanawa. In both constructions, particular functional heads enter into Agree-Link relations with nearby nominals, and the pointers created by this are interpreted as referential dependency holding between non-c-commanding nominals at the level of LF.
Evaluating Transformer Language Models on Arithmetic Operations Using Number Decomposition

In recent years, Large Language Models such as GPT-3 showed remarkable capabilities in performing NLP tasks in the zero and few shot settings. On the other hand, the experiments highlighted the difficulty of GPT-3 in carrying out tasks that require a certain degree of reasoning, such as arithmetic operations. In this paper we evaluate the ability of Transformer Language Models to perform arithmetic operations following a pipeline that, before performing computations, decomposes numbers in units, tens, and so on. We denote the models fine-tuned with this pipeline with the name Calculon and we test them in the task of performing additions, subtractions and multiplications on the same test sets of GPT-3. Results show an increase of accuracy of 63% in the five-digit addition task. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of the decomposition pipeline introduced, since fine-tuning the same Language Model without decomposing numbers results in 0% accuracy in the five-digit addition task.
A Comparison of the Chinese and Korean Consumers’ Response of Smart Clothing

— Smart clothing competes in global market, so investigation of its adoption should be country specific in order to provide information important to its acceptance in different countries. The market share of technology and fashion products is increasing in Asia Pacific. There are differences between Chinese and Korean consumers regarding technology adoption and clothing consumer behavior. Thus, this study compares between country differences in the relation of personal innovation and price perception to smart clothing acceptance intention. As a result, smart clothing marketing strategies should emphasize technology innovation to reduce Chinese consumers ’ price perception. Smart clothing manufacturers should design smart clothing that Korean consumers perceive as aesthetically pleasing in order to increase product acceptance.
Chrysin-Loaded Microemulsion: Formulation Design, Evaluation and Antihyperalgesic Activity in Mice

: Chrysin is a bioactive ﬂavonoid found in pollens, passion ﬂowers, honey, royal jelly, and propolis, which is commonly used as an ingredient in natural food supplements and is primarily responsible for their pharmacological properties. A transparent chrysin-loaded microemulsion (CS-ME) prepared through a ternary phase diagram was evaluated for use as an antihyperalgesic formulation. It was formulated with 40% Labrasol ® (surfactant), 5% isopropyl myristate (oil phase) and 55% water (aqueous phase) and classiﬁed as an oil-in-water (O/W) microsized system (74.4 ± 15.8 nm). Its negative Zeta potential ( − 16.1 ± 1.9 mV) was conﬁrmed by polarized light microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. In vitro studies in Franz-type static diffusion cells showed that chrysin release from CS-ME followed zero-order kinetics. Oral administration of CS-ME in mice resulted in a statistically signiﬁcantly reduction ( p < 0.05) in carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia compared to the control group. Treatment with CS-ME also showed anti-inﬂammatory activity by signiﬁcantly decreasing the TNF- α level ( p < 0.01) and increasing that of IL-10 ( p < 0.05) compared to the control group. These results suggest that the proposed microsystem is a promising vector for the release of chrysin, being able to improve its capacity to modulate inﬂammatory and nociceptive responses.
Sentence Selection Strategies for Distilling Word Embeddings from BERT

Many applications crucially rely on the availability of high-quality word vectors. To learn such representations, several strategies based on language models have been proposed in recent years. While effective, these methods typically rely on a large number of contextualised vectors for each word, which makes them impractical. In this paper, we investigate whether similar results can be obtained when only a few contextualised representations of each word can be used. To this end, we analyse a range of strategies for selecting the most informative sentences. Our results show that with a careful selection strategy, high-quality word vectors can be learned from as few as 5 to 10 sentences.
and carbon and contribute to the distinct growth

proteomic analyses of Desulfovibrio vulgaris biofilms: energy flow biofilm state. Abstract Background: Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough is a sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) that is intensively studied in the context of metal corrosion and heavy-metal bioremediation, and SRB populations are commonly observed in pipe and subsurface environments as surface-associated populations. In order to elucidate physiological changes associated with biofilm growth at both the transcript and protein level, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were done on mature biofilm cells and compared to both batch and reactor planktonic populations. The biofilms were cultivated with lactate and sulfate in a continuously fed biofilm reactor, and compared to both batch and reactor planktonic populations. Results: The functional genomic analysis demonstrated that biofilm cells were different compared to planktonic cells, and the majority of altered abundances for genes and proteins were annotated as hypothetical (unknown function), energy conservation, amino acid metabolism, and signal transduction. Genes and proteins that showed similar trends in detected levels were particularly involved in energy conservation such as increases in an annotated ech hydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and rnf oxidoreductase, and the biofilm cells had elevated formate dehydrogenase activity. Several other hydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases also showed an increased protein level, while decreased transcript and protein levels were observed for putative coo hydrogenase as well as a lactate permease and hyp hydrogenases for biofilm cells. Genes annotated for amino acid synthesis and nitrogen utilization were also predominant changers within the biofilm state. Ribosomal transcripts and proteins were notably decreased within the biofilm cells
EARNINGS EXTRAPOLATION AND PREDICTABLE STOCK MARKET RETURNS∗

The U.S. stock market’s return during the first month of a quarter correlates strongly with returns in future months, but the correlation is negative if the future month is the first month of a quarter, and positive if it is not. These effects offset, leaving the market return with its weak unconditional predictive ability known to the literature. The pattern accords with a model in which investors extrapolate announced earnings to predict future earnings, not recognizing that earnings in the first month of a quarter are inherently less predictable than in other months. Survey data support this model, as does out-of-sample evidence across industries and international markets. These results challenge the Efficient Market Hypothesis and advance a novel mechanism of expectation formation.
Quantitative electroencephalographic analysis of delirium tremens development following alcohol‐withdrawal seizure based on a small number of male cases

Seizures and delirium tremens (DTs) are recognized as severe alcohol‐withdrawal symptoms. Prolonged admission and serious complications associated with alcohol withdrawal are responsible for increased costs and use of medical and social resources. This study investigated the predictive value of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) for developing alcohol‐related DTs after alcohol‐withdrawal seizure (AWS).
Impact of Foreign Currency Derivatives on Value of Chinese Non-financial firms

Newly reformed global economy has the widespread of using foreign exchange derivatives as a risk management tool. Recent trends lead Chinese firms into high financial risk, thus inevitable choice for Chinese companies are using derivative for mitigate risks arising from fluctuations. Purpose of this research is to investigate foreign exchange derivatives effect on value for Chinese companies, 36 non-financial company’s data are used as sample and time frame will be 2013-2017. After controlling for several fundamental firm specifications, this study has shown that there is a positive and significant relationship with a simple decision for using foreign currency derivatives and firm value. Furthermore, result shows using foreign exchange derivatives significantly add value of the firms as higher Tobin’s Q ratio. This finding indicates that especially companies with high firm value can further expand their values through actively participating in hedging activities. Results also indicate that foreign exchange derivatives are more likely to raise large corporation’s value. Another finding is that effect of value-enhancing on degree of derivative use of foreign exchange is weaker for profitable firms than for less profitable ones. This means that increasing derivative holdings by more profitable non-financial firms are unlikely to contribute to their performance.
STUDY OF VENTILATORY LUNG FUNCTION TESTS OF BUS DRIVERS IN PUNE CITY

s : Background &Objectives : Bus drivers are highly exposed to diesel exhaust and other atmospheric pollutants. Thus the study was planned to study ventilatory lung function tests of bus drivers in Pune city. Methods: Age and height matched control group subjects (n=31) lung function tests were recorded by computerized spirometer and were compared with bus drivers working for 5-10 years (study group I, n=31) and working for 10-20 years (study group II, n=31) Data was analyzed by student's unpaired‘t’ test. Results &Interpretation : Study group I and Study group II bus drivers showed statistically significant decrease in ERV, FVC and FEV 1 than control group subjects. Study group II showed statistically significant reduction in FVC than study group I subjects. Conclusion: Ventilatory lung function tests were decreased in study group subjects. The results suggested combined (obstructive and restrictive) nature of lung diseases.
Effect of routine lactation consultant support to mothers on breastfeeding efficacy

Introduction: Studies have concluded that lactation consultant’s visit provides more face-to-face time and education than physician support alone in improving the breastfeeding efficacy and rates. Objectives: The objective is to study the effect of incorporating routine lactation consultant to daily postnatal rounds with the resident on (a) cumulative weight loss of postnatal neonates and (b) jaundice requiring phototherapy, number of breastfeedings per day, duration of hospital stay and NICU admission. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among all stable neonates admitted in postnatal wards weighing >2 kg and gestation >35 weeks. The babies whose mothers were trained on breastfeeding by the pediatric resident doctor, in the routine postnatal rounds, were considered as Group 1. Infants whose mothers were counseled by the lactation consultant and the resident doctor on the breastfeeding were considered as Group 2. The baseline characteristics of mother and the neonates were recorded by a structured proforma. Results: Of 158 eligible babies, during the study period, 84 babies were enrolled for the study. The mean gestation of the babies in Groups 1 and 2 was 38.1±1.9 and 38.2±1.8 weeks, and the mean weight was 2.95±0.42 and 2.87±0.04 kg, respectively. The cumulative weight loss was 5.43±2.53% and 5.59±2.35 % (p=0.75) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The duration of hospital stay was 5.6±1.98 and 5.1±0.81 days (p=0.09), jaundice requiring phototherapy 22 (47%) and 15 (37%) with p=0.56 and the number of breastfeedings per day was 10.2±2.98 and 10.5±1.2 times with p=0.60 between the Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion: Even though there was no difference in either the primary or secondary objective between the groups, postnatal lactation counseling is very essential for improving the breastfeeding efficacy with the support of either doctor or the lactation consultant. There was acceptable cumulative weight loss, urine output, number of breastfeedings per day, and NICU admissions.
Clinical implications of the cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cell response and local or systemic CMV viral replication in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis

Whether cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis is associated with steroid refractoriness in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) is disputed. We show that Mayo score and blood CMV expression evaluated using qPCR are independently associated with steroid refractoriness in patients with moderate-to-severe UC. Abbreviations: Abstract Background: The precise role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains disputed. We evaluated the association of CMV-specific host immune responses and systemic or local viral replication with responses to systemic steroids in patients with moderate-to-severe UC. Methods: Patients who were hospitalized for moderate-to-severe and June 2016 were enrolled. At baseline, all enrolled patients underwent CMV-specific enzyme-linked immunospot assays, qPCR analysis of blood and colonic tissue for CMV viral load, and histopathological testing for CMV in colonic tissue by hematoxylin and eosin staining and, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Clinical responses to steroid therapy based on the Oxford index were assessed on day 3. Results: Of the 80 patients evaluated, 28 (35.0%) had poor responses to steroid therapy on day 3 of intensive treatment. The presence of inclusion bodies (32.1%) and, high grade ( ≥ 3) positivity on IHC (50.0%), as well as colonic (mean 1440.4 copies/mg), and blood (mean 3692.6 copies/mL) CMV viral load were higher in steroid-refractory UC patients than the control group (13.5%, 1.9%, mean 429.2 copies/mg, and mean 231.2 copies/mL, respectively) ( P =.046, .009, .017, and .002, respectively). However, CMV-specific T cell responses were not associated with steroid-refractory UC. Multivariate analysis revealed that a higher Mayo score (OR, 2.00; P =.002) and higher blood CMV viral load via qPCR analysis (OR, 3.58; P =.044) were independent risk factors for steroid-refractory UC. Conclusions: In patients with moderate-to-severe UC, higher Mayo score and blood CMV expression determined by qPCR are independently associated with steroid refractoriness. 02439372) Abbreviations: anti-TNF, anti-tumor necrosis factor; CMV, cytomegalovirus colitis; ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; IB, inclusion body; IHC, immunohistochemistry; IQR, inter quartile range; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SD, standard deviation; sfu, spot forming unit; UCEIS, ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity.
Insights into the Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Highbush Blueberry Fruit Growth Affected by the Pollen Source

Pollination is an important factor affecting fruit development in highbush blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.). In general, planting several different blueberry cultivars increases the chances of cross-pollination and ensures high-quality fruit production. However, little is known about the effects of the pollen source on fruit development in blueberry. The aims of this study were: 1) to understand the effects of the pollen source on fruit size and quality; and 2) to explore the mechanisms underlying fruit development affected by the pollen source. We first characterized the pollination effect on fruit development using 14 different pollination combinations for several years and found that the number of mature seeds and fruit size differed significantly among the fruit pollinated by different pollen sources. Significant correlations between the number of mature seeds and fruit size were found in most combinations, whereas the number of mature seeds was not correlated with other fruit quality parameters such as sugar concentration. Our results and those of previous reports showed that the number of mature seeds, which was influenced by the pollen source, was a primary determinant of fruit size. Time-course observation during fruit development revealed that fruit weight and cell size significantly differed between self-pollinated and cross-pollinated fruit from 30 days after pollination onwards. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying berry growth affected by developing seeds, we compared gene expression changes between self-pollinated and cross-pollinated fruit. Transcriptome analysis of fruit at 10 days after pollination suggested that auxin signaling pathways were enhanced in cross-pollinated fruit compared with self-pollinated fruit. We thus hypothesize that activated auxin signal transduction underlying early stage seed and fruit development may promote fruit cell enlargement during the early stage of fruit growth in highbush blueberry.
Effects of physical and geochemical heterogeneities on mineral transformation and biomass accumulation during uranium bioremediation at Rifle, Colorado

Electron donor amendment for bioremediation often results in precipitation of secondary minerals and the growth of biomass, which can potentially change flow paths and the efficacy of bioremediation. Quantitative estimation of precipitate and biomass distribution has remained challenging, partly due to the intrinsic heterogeneities of natural porous media and the scarcity of field data. In this work, we examine the effects of physical and geochemical heterogeneities on the spatial distributions of mineral precipitates and biomass accumulated during a uranium bioremediation experiment near Rifle, Colorado. Field bromide breakthrough data were used to infer a heterogeneous distribution of hydraulic conductivity through inverse transport modeling, while the solid phase Fe(III) content was determined by assuming a negative correlation with hydraulic conductivity. Validated by field aqueous geochemical data, reactive transport modeling was used to explicitly keep track of the microbial community dynamics and estimate the spatial distribution of precipitates and biomass. The results show that the maximum mineral precipitation and biomass accumulation occurs in the vicinity of the injection wells, occupying up to 5.4% volume of the pore space, and is dominated by reaction products of sulfate reduction. Accumulation near the injection wells is not strongly affected by heterogeneities present in the system due to the ubiquitous presence of sulfate in the groundwater. However, accumulation in the down-gradient regions is dominated by the iron-reducing reaction products, whose spatial patterns are strongly controlled by both physical and geochemical heterogeneities. Heterogeneities can lead to localized large accumulation of mineral precipitates and biomass, increasing the possibility of pore clogging. Although ignoring the heterogeneities of the system can lead to adequate prediction of the average behavior of sulfate-reducing related products, it can also lead to an overestimation of the overall accumulation of iron-reducing bacteria, as well as the rate and extent of iron reduction. These findings have important implications not only for uranium bioremediation at the Rifle site and for bioremediation of other redox sensitive contaminants at sites with similar characteristics, but also for development of optimal amendment delivery strategies.