Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RADON, AS A TRACER FOR MIXING HEIGHT DYNAMICS-AN OVERVIEW AND RADO PERSPECTIVES

This paper analyses the various existing experiments using the natural isotope Radon – 222 in estimating the planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics and particularly the regional pollutants mixing height. The paper will propose an instrumental set-up in frame of RADO project (Romanian 3D Atmospheric Observatory) based on meteorological tower instrumentation (standard meteo station with 30 and 60 m measuring levels) supplemented by eddy covariance for extensive studies and using well established relationships for assessing mixing height from surface measurement. This will include also daytime comparisons with MAP3D (Mesoscale Air Pollution 3D model) simulations in Bucharest-Magurele station area. Finally LIDAR observations for PBL height validation will be used for development of local Radon tracing function. Further potential development of RADO will be argued.
An eigenvalue problem for a fractional differential equation with an iterated fractional derivative

This paper concerns the investigation of an eigenvalue problem for a nonlinear fractional differential equation. Using the properties of the Green function, Banach contraction principle, Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative and Guo-Krasnosel'skii fixed point theorem on cones, the eigenvalue intervals of the nonlinear fractional differential equation are considered. Some sufficient conditions for the existence of at least one positive solution is established. Some examples are presented to illustrate the main results.
EFFECT OF WC REINFORCED ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CUALMN ALLOYS PRODUCED BY HOT PRESSING METHOD

In this study, the effect of WC reinforcing particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CuAlMn and CuAlMn-WC alloy produced by powder metallurgy method was investigated by adding 5 %, 10 % and 15 % by volume WC to CuAlMn alloy. Cu, Al, Mn and WC powders of approximately 99.9 % purity with a grain size of 325 mesh were used in the production of the alloys. The samples were produced by hot pressing method at 900 ℃ temperatures under 35 MPa pressure for 6 minutes. Microstructure, phase formation, hardness and corrosion properties of the samples were investigated in detail. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for microstructure analysis and X-ray diffractogram (XRD) was used for phase formation detection. The hardness measurements of the samples were measured by microhardness measuring device. The corrosion tests were performed potentiodynamic polarization curves of the composite materials in 3.5% NaCl solution. As a result, it has been determined that the mechanical properties of WC reinforcing particles added to CuAlMn matrix increase with increasing volume ratio.
Take 10 Program Effects on Fifth Grade Academic Achievement

Problem Less than one-fourth of children reach their recommended 60-minutes of daily physical activity. Inactivity can result in poor academic performance; whereas physical activity stimulates brain functions responsible for regulating comprehension and attention, release of brain chemicals to improve learning, and enhances neurogenesis resulting in better cognition. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to evaluate the Take 10 exercise program in a rural, Midwestern elementary school fifth grade classroom. Methods An observational, descriptive design with a purposeful sample of fifth-grade students in a rural elementary school. Grades in math, science, and reading were examined the semester before (quarter 1 [Q1]) and during (quarter 2 [Q2]) the Take 10 program implementation. Results Of 22 students (N=22), males (n=11) and females (n=11) were equal, and an increase in scores of four tests occurred. The mean math test one score increased from 67.32 (SD=11.53) in Q1 to 74 (SD=13.49) in Q2 (t (21)=-3.46, p=. 002); for Q1 math test three the mean was 80.36 (SD=12.30) and Q2 was 90.45 (SD=9.57) (t (21)=-3.44, p=. 002); the mean score for Q1 science test two was 72.57 (SD=16.80) and Q2 was 81.71 (SD=11.67) (t (20)=-2.66, p=. 015); mean reading test one score increased from 91.36 (SD=11.67) in Q1 to 96.59 (SD=7.14) in Q2 (t (21)=-4.39, p<. 001). Implications for practice Promoting physical activity during the school day may improve some test scores, contributing to a healthier cognitive development in children.
Real-time measurement of radionuclide concentrations and its impact on inverse modeling of 106Ru release in the fall of 2017

Abstract. Low concentrations of 106Ru were detected across Europe at the turn of September and October 2017. The origin of 106Ru has still not been confirmed; however, current studies agree that the release occurred probably near Mayak in the southern Urals. The source reconstructions are mostly based on an analysis of concentration measurements coupled with an atmospheric transport model. Since reasonable temporal resolution of concentration measurements is crucial for proper source term reconstruction, the standard 1-week sampling interval could be limiting. In this paper, we present an investigation of the usability of the newly developed AMARA (Autonomous Monitor of Atmospheric Radioactive Aerosol) and CEGAM (carousel gamma spectrometry) real-time monitoring systems, which are based on the gamma-ray counting of aerosol filters and allow for determining the moment when 106Ru arrived at the monitoring site within approx. 1 h and detecting activity concentrations as low as several mBq m−3 in 4 h intervals. These high-resolution data were used for inverse modeling of the 106Ru release. We perform backward runs of the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) atmospheric transport model driven with meteorological data from the Global Forecast System (GFS), and we construct a source–receptor sensitivity (SRS) matrix for each grid cell of our domain. Then, we use our least squares with adaptive prior covariance (LS-APC) method to estimate possible locations of the release and the source term of the release. With Czech monitoring data, the use of concentration measurements from the standard regime and from the real-time regime is compared, and a better source reconstruction for the real-time data is demonstrated in the sense of the location of the source and also the temporal resolution of the source. The estimated release location, Mayak, and the total estimated source term, 237±107 TBq, are in agreement with previous studies. Finally, the results based on the Czech monitoring data are validated with the IAEA-reported (International Atomic Energy Agency) dataset with a much better spatial resolution, and the agreement between the IAEA dataset and our reconstruction is demonstrated. In addition, we validated our findings also using the FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion) model coupled with meteorological analyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).
THE ANISOTROPY OF THE EARTH’S INNER CORE AND THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD V.V.Kuznetsov Institute of Geophysics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. Koptyug

A model relating the cylindrical and the lateral anisotropy of the inner core to the circuit of the generation of the geomagnetic field is offered. The phenomenon of the anisotropy of the properties of the inner core consists in the fact that the time a seismic wave takes to traverse the core along the rotation axis is 0.5 % less than the time taken in the equator plane. Another piece of evidence comes from the splitting of the Earth’s proper oscillation spectra. In addition to the velocity difference between traversing the core along and normal to the rotation axis, a inner core lateral anisotropy has been discovered both from function splitting and travel time data. The lateral anisotropy shows that the velocities of P-waves over the surface of the inner core at the regions, projected into the Earth surface at the Pacific and at the Atlantic oceans, are 0.2-0.4 % less than these at the poles and at the continents. The model of geomagnetic field generation is based of current differential loop looking like the double cylinder and taking place on the inner core boundary, at the F-layer, in the plane of equator. A model in which the cylindrical anisotropy of the core results from dissipative processes, accompanying the geomagnetic field generation is offered. The attempt to explain the interrelation of the lateral anisotropy of the core and the morphology of the geomagnetic field is made.
Investor strategies and Liquidity Premia in the European Green Bond market

This paper studies the term structure of the liquidity premium of the European green bond market along three liquidity (short-term, medium-term, and long-term) premia. If the liquidity premium is an increasing function of bond's maturity, the estimated sizes of liquidity premia are comparable to those found on the German government bond markets. We then show that liquidity premia are moderately sensitive to economic determinants. Moreover, we detect a liquidity clientele effect on the ask side, which contributes to increase all liquidity premia. This clientele effect is, however, mitigated by spillover effects operating from the short-end to the long-end of the term structure and vice versa. In sum, our results deliver valuable insights on investors' strategies in the European green bond market, notably those of long-term investors who are not only compensated for their higher illiquidity risks but also provide market stability with their buy and hold strategies.
The ecology of solitary bees

Bees play an important and necessary role in the pollination of agricultural crops grown for fruit and seed and of forage and browse plants important in range management for production of both livestock and game animals. Nearly 20,000 different kinds of bees are now known, some, like the imported honey bee, the bumble bees, and the stingless bees of the tropics, are social and live together in colonies subject to manipulation and movement from place to place. However, by far the majority of bees are solitary, living in burrows in the ground, in wood, or in plant stems, where they store pollen and nectar as food for their young. Many of these take pollen only from certain kinds of plants and are very efficient pollinators of these. Others, like the honey bee, visit a wide variety of pollen plants, both native and introduced. Although management procedures have been developed for certain crops in certain areas which permit the effective use of honey bees for increased production through better pollination, these are not universally applicable to our agriculture as a whole. For certain crops, both cultivated and wild, supplemental pollination is necessary. The development of management procedures which will permit increased utilization of native solitary bees and perhaps lead to the importation of foreign species native to the areas in which our agricultural crops originated, requires a detailed knowledge of the ecology, or environmental relationships, of these bees. This article is intended to review as briefly as possible, the current status of our knowledge of the subject and to indicate published papers in which various aspects may be pursued further. Prominence has been given to publications of the last fifteen years and to those which are most comprehensive and include references to earlier literature. Factors which appear to have had an influence in the economy, evolution, and survival of solitary bees have been especially emphasized.
Corporate Culture as a Theory of the Firm

Markets and firms offer contrasting methods to arrange production. In markets, contracts govern the purchase of parts and services that compose production. In firms, the shared values, customs, and norms coming from a corporate culture govern employees’ joint development of those parts and services. We argue for this distinction as a theory of the firm. Firms exist because corporate culture at times is more efficient at carrying out production than detailed contracts. The firm’s boundary encircles the parts of production for which a manager optimally chooses corporate culture as the organizing device. The model can explain why some mergers and acquisitions fail, in a way consistent with empirical evidence, and why corporate cultures are hard to change.
Impacts of Northern Hemisphere teleconnections on the hydropower production in southern Sweden Impacts of Northern Hemisphere teleconnections on the hydropower production in southern Sweden

45 % of the Swedish energy is produced by hydropower. Previous researches have shown a positive correlation between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the hydropower production in Norway and northern Sweden during winter time. The correlation is weak in southern Sweden, which indicates that there might be other climate patterns affecting this area. A Spearman correlation was made between the times series of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the production data from 17 hydropower stations in five different rivers located in southern Sweden and five different teleconnection indices: the NAO, The East Atlantic (EA), The East Atlantic/Western Russia (EA/WR), The Scandinavian (SCA) and the Polar/Eurasia (POL). The result showed seasonal variations in the effect of different teleconnections. In winter time the NAO causes the strongest signal, while the SCA shows an almost as strong negative signal. During spring and summer the EA/WR alone gives a significant negative signal. No significant correlation appeared during the fall. Based on the assumption that the hydropower production depends on water availability in the dams and the demand from the market, which in turn is closely related to the season of the year and the air temperature, PCA analysis and Spearman correlations with the teleconnection indices were also made for seven unregulated river gages and six temperature stations in the same geographical region. The discharge show more variance than the hydropower production in all seasons and slightly different correlations, while the temperature show very little variability and mainly is ruled by the NAO in all seasons except for in the summer when the SCA and POL show strong positive correlations.
Unraveling rhizobacteria- and abscisic acid-induced pathogen resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Induced disease resistance is the phenomenon by which plants exhibit a heightened level of resistance against pathogen infection after appropriate stimulation. In contrast to the relative wealth of information on inducible resistance responses in dicotyledoneous plants, our current understanding of the molecular machinery governing induced resistance in monocotyledoneous crops is still in its infancy. In light of aforementioned knowledge gap, this dissertation aimed to expand our knowledge on the mechanistic basis of biologically and chemically induced resistance in rice, the world’s most important staple food and a central model for cereal crops. The first part of this work is dedicated to the phenomenon of rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance (ISR). Using an extensive set of bacterial mutants, we pinpoint the phenazine pigment pyocyanin as a two-faced ISR elicitor capable of inducing resistance against the blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, while promoting susceptibility to the sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. In addition, evidence is brought forward demonstrating that the ambivalent role of pyocyanin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2-mediated ISR is due to its ability to modulate the plant’s oxidative machinery. Aiming to further dissect the rhizobacteria-mediated ISR response, we continued exploring the bacterial traits and host immune responses underpinning ISR elicited by the P. fluorescens strain WCS374r. The cumulative results favor a model whereby WCS374r bacteria trigger ISR against M. oryzae via secretion of a pseudobactin-type siderophore, thereby sensitizing naive leaves for potentiated expression of a salicylic acid-repressible, yet jasmonate/ethylene-dependent multifaceted defence response. The differences and similarities between WCS374r-ISR and blast resistance triggered by the salicylic acid mimic benzothiadiazole are addressed as well. In the second part of this work, attention was shifted to the role of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) in modulating rice pathogen defence. We show that topical application of ABA enhances basal resistance against the brown spot-causing ascomycete Cochliobolus miyabeanus. Pursuing a multidisciplinary approach, evidence is provided supporting ABA-mediated repression of pathogen-induced ethylene signalling as a core resistance mechanism. In addition, we present a novel role for the MAPK OsMPK5 as a critical modulator of this ABA/ET crosstalk, and describe how ABA interferes with the postulated fungal manipulation of the plant.
Pneumonia Detection using Depth-Wise Convolutional Neural Network (DW-CNN)

around 15 % of the total deaths of children of the same age group. OBJECTIVES: This paper proposes Depth Wise Convolution Neural Network (DW-CNN) using the SWISH Activation and Transfer Learning (VGG16) to reliably diagnose pneumonia. METHODS: The proposed model contains 10 layers of convolutional neural networks. Also, three dense layers with the Swish activation function with a dropout of 0.7 and 0.5 respectively in each layer. The model was trained on 5216 augmented with weighted contrast and brightened radiograph Images and tested on 624 radiogram images using Deep Learning and Transfer Learning (VGG16). RESULT: The model was trained on 5216 augmented radiograph Images and tested on 624 radiogram images using Deep Learning and Transfer Learning (VGG16) and the final results obtained with training accuracy of 98.5%, testing accuracy of 79.8% and validation accuracy of 75%. CONCLUSION
New invasive forest communities in the riparian fragile habitats - the case study from Ramsar site Carska bara (Vojvodina, Serbia).

1 MSc Vera Batanjski: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Ecology and Geography; Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Gračanička 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, Corresponding author: vera.batanjski@gmail.com 2 MSc Eva Kabaš, PhD Nevena Kuzmanović, PhD Snežana Vukojičić, PhD Dmitar Lakušić, PhD Slobodan Jovanović: Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, ekabas@bio.bg. ac.rs, nkuzmanovic@bio.bg. ac.rs, sneza@bio.bg. ac.rs, dlakusic@bio.bg. ac.rs, sjov@bio.bg. ac.rs UDK 630* 188 (001) Izvorni znanstveni članci – Original scientific papers Šumarski list, 3–4 (2015): 155–169
BIS Working Papers No 879 Corporate Dollar Debt and Depreciations : All ’ s Well that Ends Well ?

This paper explores the effect of depreciations on investment when firms hold foreign currency debt. The paper employs a novel database of stocks of foreign currency bonds issued by seven thousand firms from emerging economies in 2000-2015. The results indicate that currency depreciations exert a significant negative effect on balance sheets. A depreciation of 10 percent is associated with a ratio of capital expenditures to assets of between 0.3 and 0.6 percentage points less for firms with outstanding stocks of foreign currency bonds in the year following the depreciation. This result is robust to different inference techniques and to controlling for a large number of potential confounders.
Link Scheduling for Wireless Mesh Networks Considering Gateway Feature

Based on different objectives, a variety of mathematical models for the wireless mesh network (WMNs) exist. Among them, the link scheduling model for WMNs aims at finding a data transmission schedule based on network links so that some objectives on packet transmission are optimized under certain transmission constraints. In this paper, a new WMN link scheduling model with additional information of node locations and gateway designs is orchestrated. An approximate dynamic programming algorithm is utilized for scheduling the new model. Experiment results show that, in addition to maintaining many wireless network characteristics, the proposed scheduling algorithm effectively simulates the result of dynamic programming, and has performances superior to genetic algorithm.
An Experiment on How Past Experience of Uncertainty Affects Risk Preferences

We conduct an experiment to study how past experience of uncertainty affects risk preferences in subsequent decisions. Participants in our experiment choose between a sure outcome and a lottery in 32 periods. All treatments are exactly identical in periods 17 to 32 but differ in periods 1 to 16. In the early periods of the Risk Treatment there is perfect information about the lottery; in the Ambiguity Treatment participants perfectly know the outcome space but not the associated probabilities; in the Unawareness Treatment participants have imperfect knowledge about both outcomes and probabilities. We observe strong treatment effects on behavior in periods 17 to 32. In particular, participants who have been exposed to an environment with very imperfect knowledge of the state space subsequently choose lotteries with high (low) variance less (more) often compared to other participants. Estimating individual risk attitudes from choices in periods 17 to 32 we find that the distribution of risk attitude parameters across our treatments can be ranked in terms of first order stochastic dominance. Our results show how exposure to different degrees of uncertainty can have lasting effects on individuals’ risk-taking behavior. JEL classification: D80, D81, C90
Evaluating the Ionospheric Mass Source for Jupiter's Magnetosphere: An Ionospheric Outflow Model for the Auroral Regions

Ionospheric outflow is the flow of plasma initiated by a loss of equilibrium along a magnetic field line, which induces an ambipolar electric field due to the separation of electrons and ions in a gravitational field and other mass‐dependent sources. We have developed an ionospheric outflow model using the transport equations to determine the number of particles that flow into the outer magnetosphere of Jupiter. The model ranges from 1,400 km in altitude above the 1 bar level to 2.5 RJ along the magnetic field line and considers H+ and H3+ as the main ion constituents. Previously, only pressure gradients and gravitational forces were considered in modeling polar wind. However, at Jupiter we need to evaluate the effect of field‐aligned currents present in the auroral regions due to the breakdown of corotation in the magnetosphere, along with the centrifugal force exerted on the particles due to the fast planetary rotation rate. The total number flux from both hemispheres is found to be 1.3–1.8 × 1028 s−1 comparable in total number flux to the Io plasma source. The mass flux is lower due to the difference in ion species. This influx of protons from the ionosphere into the inner and middle magnetosphere needs to be included in future assessments of global flux tube dynamics and composition of the magnetosphere system.
FURTHER EXPERIMENTS ON BUCKLING OF CONES WITH IMPERFECT LENGTH SUBJECTED TO AXIAL COMPRESSION

The paper presents further experiments into the buckling of mild steel truncated cones having imperfect length subjected to axial compression. Two types of wave form imperfections with different number of waves along the compressed edge are considered in the current paper, and they are: (i) triangular waves, and (ii) square waves. Twenty-two (22) conical models (two perfect and twenty imperfect cones with axial imperfection amplitude, A, of 0.28) were manufactured in pairs from mild steel. Test results reveal good repeatability of experimental data. The errors within each pair vary from 0% to 4%. The buckling load of the cone is differently affected by wave imperfections shape. The results indicate that the wave shape strongly affect the buckling strength of conical shells. Also, it is shown that the buckling loads of tested cones are less sensitive when imperfection shape is triangular compared to their sensitivity under other imperfection shape.