Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paradigm Shift in Adjuvant Treatment of Receptor Positive Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients ? Not Yet !

Purpose: Using a 2 2 factorial design, we studied the adjuvant chemotherapy of women with axillary node–positive breast cancer to compare sequential doxorubicin (A), paclitaxel (T), and cyclophosphamide (C) with concurrent doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by paclitaxel (T) for disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS); to determine whether the dose density of the agents improves DFS and OS; and to compare toxicities. Patients and Methods: A total of 2,005 female patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the following regimens: (I) sequential A 4 (doses) 3 T 4 3 C 4 with doses every 3 weeks, (II) sequential A 4 3 T 4 3 C 4 every 2 weeks with filgrastim, (III) concurrent AC 43 T 4 every 3 weeks, or (IV) concurrent AC 4 3 T 4 every 2 weeks with filgrastim. Results: A protocol-specified analysis was performed at a median follow-up of 36 months: 315 patients had experienced relapse or died, compared with 515 expected treatment failures. Dose-dense treatment improved the primary end point, DFS (risk ratio [RR] 0.74; P .010), and OS (RR 0.69; P .013). Four-year DFS was 82% for the dose-dense regimens and 75% for the others. There was no difference in either DFS or OS between the concurrent and sequential schedules. There was no interaction between density and sequence. Severe neutropenia was less frequent in patients who received the dose-dense regimens. Conclusion: Dose density improves clinical outcomes significantly, despite the lower than expected number of events at this time. Sequential chemotherapy is as effective as concurrent chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 21:1431-1439. © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Adsorption Capacity of Low Cost Adsorbent Like Activated Bentonite for the Removal of Cadmium Ions from Wastewater by Adsorption Technique

The present study aims to removal of cadmium ions as a heavy metal ion from aqueous solution by a high inorganic molecular weight compound. This compound is modified clay (activated bentonite) which is used in oil well drilling, and obtained from local company. The experimental results showed that it is an adsorption reaction that follows Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum removal of Cd (II) ions was obtained at low initial concentration, high adsorbent dosage, low temperature. It is clear from the results obtained that the compound within the experimental range investigated cannot be considered as a method for the removal of waste stream within the experimental range investigated as the residual concentration is higher than the limits which are allowed by the environmental limits which are allowed by the low which is 5 ppm. These results may be due to the high initial copper concentration used in this work and low dosage of the compound.
Glycoproteogenomics characterizes the CD44 splicing code associated with bladder cancer invasion

Rationale: Bladder cancer (BC) management demands the introduction of novel molecular targets for precision medicine. Cell surface glycoprotein CD44 has been widely studied as a potential biomarker of BC aggressiveness and cancer stem cells. However, significant alternative splicing and multiple glycosylation generate a myriad of glycoproteoforms with potentially distinct functional roles. The lack of tools for precise molecular characterization has led to conflicting results, delaying clinical applications. Addressing these limitations, we have interrogated the transcriptome and glycoproteome of a large BC patient cohort for splicing signatures. Methods: CD44 gene and its splicing variants were assessed by Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and RNAseq in tumor tissues. The co-localization of CD44 and short O-glycans was evaluated by proximity ligation assay (PLA), immunohistochemistry and double-immunofluorescence. An innovative glycoproteogenomics approach, integrating transcriptomics-customized datasets and glycomics for protein annotation from nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS experiments, was developed and implemented to identify CD44 variants and associated glycosignatures. The impact of CD44 silencing on proliferation and invasion of BC cell lines and glycoengineered cells was determined by BrdU ELISA and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. Antibody phosphoarrays were used to investigate the role of CD44 and its glycoforms in the activation of relevant oncogenic signaling pathways. Results: Transcriptomics analysis revealed remarkable CD44 isoforms heterogeneity in bladder cancer tissues, as well as associations between short CD44 standard splicing isoform (CD44s), invasion and poor prognosis. We further demonstrated that targeting short O-glycoforms such as the Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens was key to overcome the lack of cancer specificity presented by CD44. Glycoproteogenomics allowed, for the first time, the comprehensive characterization of CD44 splicing code at the protein level. The concept was applied to invasive human BC cell lines, glycoengineered cells, and tumor tissues, enabling unequivocal CD44s identification as well as associated glycoforms. Finally, we confirmed the link between CD44 and invasion in CD44s-enriched cells in vitro by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown, supporting findings from BC tissues. The key role played by short-chain O-glycans in CD44-mediated invasion was also demonstrated through glycoengineered cell models. Conclusions: Overall, CD44s emerged as biomarker of poor prognosis and CD44-Tn/ Sialyl-Tn (STn) as promising molecular signatures for targeted interventions. This study materializes the concept of glycoproteogenomics and provides a key vision to address the cancer splicing code at the protein level, which may now be expanded to better understand CD44 functional role in health and disease.
Tuberculosis/HIV coinfection focused on care and quality of life

Marcos Vinícius de Freitas Carvalho1 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4633-413X Alexandra Rodrigues dos Santos Silva1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0621-8209 Mônica Taminato1 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-2496 Maria Rita Bertolozzi2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5009-5285 Hugo Fernandes1 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-2914 Sumire Sakabe3 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-2844 Paula Hino1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-196X
Comparison of SGS Models in Large-Eddy Simulation for Transition to Turbulence in TAYLOR-GREEN Flow

A study was done to observe and to analyze the behavior of various Sub-Grid Scale (SGS) models in Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) for the flow where laminar, transitional and turbulent regimes are found during the evolution. Taylor-Green Vortex (TGV) flow which shows the fundamental mechanisms of vortex stretching and breakdown, transition to turbulence and turbulent decay was selected as a challenging test case for this study. It is initially laminar at early times. However, the effects of viscous interactions result in vortex breakdown and disordering of initially well-organized structures and the flow undergoes transition to turbulence and decays in time. From this point of view, it may serve as a prototype for industrial flows where the flow regimes can change rapidly. The tested SGS models are the Smagorinsky, the dynamic Smagorinsky, the Vreman model, the WALE model and the one-equation model. All the models tested capture the overall physics of TGV flow. However, differences are observed mainly during transition. It is underor overpredicted slightly, depending on the grid resolution. The SGS models capable of scaling their inherent dissipations produced better results when comparable with the reference DNS solutions.
Childhood meningitis in rural Gambia: 10 years of population-based surveillance

Background The introduction in many countries of conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis has led to significant reductions in acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in children. However, recent population-based data on ABM in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. Methods Population-based surveillance for meningitis was carried out in a rural area of The Gambia under demographic surveillance from 2008 to 2017, using standardised criteria for referral, diagnosis and investigation. We calculated incidence using population denominators. Results We diagnosed 1,666 patients with suspected meningitis and collected cerebrospinal fluid (n = 1,121) and/or blood (n = 1,070) from 1,427 (88%) of cases. We identified 169 cases of ABM, 209 cases of suspected non-bacterial meningitis (SNBM) and 1,049 cases of clinically suspected meningitis (CSM). The estimated average annual incidence of ABM was high at 145 per 100,000 population in the <2-month age group, 56 per 100,000 in the 2–23-month age group, but lower at 5 per 100,000 in the 5–14-year age group. The most common causes of ABM were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 44), Neisseria meningitidis (n = 42), and Gram-negative coliform bacteria (n = 26). Eighteen of 22 cases caused by pneumococcal serotypes included in PCV13 occurred prior to vaccine introduction and four afterwards. The overall case fatality ratio for ABM was 29% (49/169) and was highest in the <2-month age group 37% (10/27). The case fatality ratio was 8.6% (18/209) for suspected non-bacterial meningitis and 12.8% (134/1049) for clinically suspected meningitis cases. Conclusions Gambian children continue to experience substantial morbidity and mortality associated with suspected meningitis, especially acute bacterial meningitis. Such severely ill children in sub-Saharan Africa require improved diagnostics and clinical care.
Second language (L2) gains through digital game-based language learning (DGBLL): A meta-analysis

Studies on digital game-based language learning (DGBLL) have increased in numbers, creating a pool of studies that can be meta-analyzed to measure the overall effect of digital gaming on second language (L2) development. The current meta-analysis targets digital games that were available to the public at the time of data collection, January of 2020, aggregating their effects on L2 development overall and across a number of moderator variables. These moderator variables include the game developers’ intended purpose of the game (educational or entertainment), outcome measures (e.g., vocabulary, overall proficiency), and several game design features such as the type of player interaction (single player, multiplayer, massively multiplayer online), among others. Results indicate that DGBLL has had a small to medium positive effect (Cohen’s dweighted = 0.50) for between-groups designs and a medium effect (dweighted = 0.95) for within-group designs. Games designed for entertainment were found to be more effective than those designed for L2 education, although there is some overlap in the 95% confidence intervals of the two groups. The overall findings and those from additional moderator analyses are discussed in light of previous DGBLL findings while offering direction for future research and recommendations for improving the methodological rigor and transparency in DGBLL research.
Reduction of islet pyruvate carbox ylase activity might be related to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Agouti-K mice

Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) activity is enhanced in the islets of obese rats, but it is reduced in the islets of type 2 diabetic rats, suggesting the importance of PC in b-cell adaptation to insulin resistance as well as the possibility that PC reduction might lead to hyperglycemia. However, the causality is currently unknown. We used obese Agouti mice (AyL) as a model to show enhanced b-cell adaptation, and type 2 diabetic db/db mice as a model to show severe b-cell failure. After comparison of the two models, a less severe type 2 diabetic Agouti-K (AyK) mouse model was used to show the changes in islet PC activity during the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AyK mice were separated into two groups: mildly (AyK-M, blood glucose ! 250 mg/dl) and Journal of Endocrinology (2010) 204, 143–152 0022–0795/10/0204–143 q 2010 Society for Endocrinology Printed in Great severely (AyK-S, blood glucoseO250 mg/dl) hyperglycemic. Islet PC activity, but not protein level, was increased 1.7-fold in AyK-M mice; in AyK-S mice, islet PC activity and protein level were reduced. All other changes including insulin secretion and islet morphology in AyK-M mice were similar to those observed in AyL mice, but they were worse in AyK-S mice where these parameters closely matched those in db/db mice. In 2-day treated islets, PC activity was inhibited by high glucose but not by palmitate. Our findings suggest that islet PC might play a role in the development of T2DM where reduction of PC activity might be a consequence of mild hyperglycemia and a cause for severe hyperglycemia. Journal of Endocrinology (2010) 204, 143–152
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Dealing with past colonial conflicts: how perceived characteristics of the victimized outgroup can influence the experience of group-based guilt

An examination of potential outgroup-focused predictors of group-based guilt relating to past colonial conflicts involving Portugal and the Netherlands, specifically, the role of the perceptions of the ingroup towards the victimized outgroup, as well as on outgroup identification and meta-perceptions (i.e. the ingroup’s beliefs regarding the outgroup’s perceptions of it). Using Structural Equation Modeling in a Portuguese sample (N = 178) and a Dutch sample (N = 157), we found that the experience of group-based guilt due to colonial conflicts can be positively predicted by outgroup perceptions and outgroup identification (Dutch sample only). Meta-perceptions were a negative predictor of group-based guilt (Dutch sample only). Furthermore, our results show that group-based guilt is positively associated with compensatory behavioral intentions and perceived importance of remembering past colonial conflicts. Results point to the important role of outgroup-focused variables in shaping group-based guilt experiences relating to past conflicts between groups. The findings suggest possible avenues of further research and ways to improve intergroup relations following conflict.
Controlled Doping of Electrocatalysts through Engineering Impurities

Fuel cells recombine water from H2 and O2 thereby can power, for example, cars or houses with no direct carbon emission. In anion‐exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), to reach high power densities, operating at high pH is an alternative to using large volumes of noble metals catalysts at the cathode, where the oxygen‐reduction reaction occurs. However, the sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen‐oxidation reaction (HOR) hinders upscaling despite promising catalysts. Here, the authors observe an unexpected ingress of B into Pd nanocatalysts synthesized by wet‐chemistry, gaining control over this B‐doping, and report on its influence on the HOR activity in alkaline conditions. They rationalize their findings using ab initio calculations of both H‐ and OH‐adsorption on B‐doped Pd. Using this “impurity engineering” approach, they thus design Pt‐free catalysts as required in electrochemical energy conversion devices, for example, next generations of AEMFCs, that satisfy the economic and environmental constraints, that is, reasonable operating costs and long‐term stability, to enable the “hydrogen economy. ”
On the Causal Interpretation of Randomized Interventional Indirect Effects

Identification of standard mediated effects such as the natural indirect effect relies on heavy causal assumptions. By circumventing such assumptions, so-called randomized interventional indirect effects have gained popularity in the mediation literature. Here, I introduce properties one might demand of an indirect effect measure in order for it to have a true mediational interpretation. For instance, the sharp null criterion requires an indirect effect measure to be null whenever no individual-level indirect effect exists. I show that without stronger assumptions, randomized interventional indirect effects do not satisfy such criteria. I additionally discuss alternative causal interpretations of such effects.
The Resilience of the Multirelational Structure of Geopolitical Treaties is Critically Linked to Past Colonial World Order and Offshore Fiscal Havens

The governance of the political and economic world order builds on a complex architecture of international treaties at various geographical scales. In a historical phase of high institutional turbulence, assessing the stability of such architecture with respect to the unilateral defection of single countries and the breakdown of single treaties is important. We carry out this analysis on the whole global architecture and find that the countries with the highest disruption potential are mostly medium-small and micro countries. Political stability is highly dependent on many former colonial overseas territories that are today part of the global network of fiscal havens, as well as on emerging economies, mostly from South-East Asia. Economic stability depends on medium-sized European and African countries. Single global treaties have surprisingly less disruptive potential, with the major exception of the WTO. Our results suggest that the potential fragility of the world order seems to be more directly related to global inequality and fiscal injustice than commonly believed and that the legacy of the colonial world order is still strong in the current international relations scenario. In particular, vested interests related to tax avoidance seem to have a structural role in the political architecture of global governance.
Nonlinear Kernel Support Vector Machine with 0-1 Soft Margin Loss

Recent advance on linear support vector machine with the 0-1 soft margin loss ($L_{0/1}$-SVM) shows that the 0-1 loss problem can be solved directly. However, its theoretical and algorithmic requirements restrict us extending the linear solving framework to its nonlinear kernel form directly, the absence of explicit expression of Lagrangian dual function of $L_{0/1}$-SVM is one big deficiency among of them. In this paper, by applying the nonparametric representation theorem, we propose a nonlinear model for support vector machine with 0-1 soft margin loss, called $L_{0/1}$-KSVM, which cunningly involves the kernel technique into it and more importantly, follows the success on systematically solving its linear task. Its optimal condition is explored theoretically and a working set selection alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is introduced to acquire its numerical solution. Moreover, we firstly present a closed-form definition to the support vector (SV) of $L_{0/1}$-KSVM. Theoretically, we prove that all SVs of $L_{0/1}$-KSVM are only located on the parallel decision surfaces. The experiment part also shows that $L_{0/1}$-KSVM has much fewer SVs, simultaneously with a decent predicting accuracy, when comparing to its linear peer $L_{0/1}$-SVM and the other six nonlinear benchmark SVM classifiers.
BASS. XXIV. The BASS DR2 Spectroscopic Line Measurements and AGN Demographics

We present the second catalog and data release of optical spectral line measurements and active galactic nucleus (AGN) demographics of the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey, which focuses on the Swift-BAT hard X-ray detected AGNs. We use spectra from dedicated campaigns and publicly available archives to investigate spectral properties of most of the AGNs listed in the 70 month Swift-BAT all-sky catalog; specifically, 743 of the 746 unbeamed and unlensed AGNs (99.6%). We find a good correspondence between the optical emission line widths and the hydrogen column density distributions using the X-ray spectra, with a clear dichotomy of AGN types for N H = 1022 cm−2. Based on optical emission-line diagnostics, we show that 48%–75% of BAT AGNs are classified as Seyfert, depending on the choice of emission lines used in the diagnostics. The fraction of objects with upper limits on line emission varies from 6% to 20%. Roughly 4% of the BAT AGNs have lines too weak to be placed on the most commonly used diagnostic diagram, [O iii]λ5007/Hβ versus [N ii]λ6584/Hα, despite the high signal-to-noise ratio of their spectra. This value increases to 35% in the [O iii]λ5007/[O ii]λ3727 diagram, owing to difficulties in line detection. Compared to optically selected narrow-line AGNs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the BAT narrow-line AGNs have a higher rate of reddening/extinction, with Hα/Hβ > 5 (∼36%), indicating that hard X-ray selection more effectively detects obscured AGNs from the underlying AGN population. Finally, we present a subpopulation of AGNs that feature complex broad lines (34%, 250/743) or double-peaked narrow emission lines (2%, 17/743).
Temporal Perceiver: A General Architecture for Arbitrary Boundary Detection

Generic Boundary Detection (GBD) aims at locating the general boundaries that divide videos into semantically coherent and taxonomy-free units, and could serve as an important pre-processing step for long-form video understanding. Previous works often separately handle these different types of generic boundaries with specific designs of deep networks from simple CNN to LSTM. Instead, in this paper, we present <italic>Temporal Perceiver</italic>, a general architecture with Transformer, offering a unified solution to the detection of arbitrary generic boundaries, ranging from shot-level, event-level, to scene-level GBDs. Our core design is to introduce a small set of latent feature queries as anchors to compress the redundant video input into a fixed dimension via cross-attention blocks. Thanks to this fixed number of latent units, it reduces the quadratic complexity of attention operation to a linear form of input frames. Specifically, to explicitly leverage the temporal structure of videos, we construct two types of latent feature queries: boundary queries and context queries, which handle the semantic incoherence and coherence accordingly. Moreover, to guide the learning of latent feature queries, we propose an alignment loss on the cross-attention maps to explicitly encourage the boundary queries to attend on the top boundary candidates. Finally, we present a sparse detection head on the compressed representation, and directly output the final boundary detection results without any post-processing module. We test our Temporal Perceiver on a variety of GBD benchmarks. Our method obtains the state-of-the-art results on all benchmarks with RGB single-stream features: SoccerNet-v2 (81.9 percent average-mAP), Kinetics-GEBD (86.0 percent average-f1), TAPOS (73.2 percent average-f1), MovieScenes (51.9 percent AP and 53.1 percent<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M_{iou}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>o</mml:mi><mml:mi>u</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq1-3283067.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>) and MovieNet (53.3 percent AP and 53.2 percent <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M_{iou}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>o</mml:mi><mml:mi>u</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq2-3283067.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>), demonstrating the generalization ability of our Temporal Perceiver. To further pursue a general GBD model, we combine various tasks to train a class-agnostic Temporal perceiver and evaluate its performance across all benchmarks. Results show that the class-agnostic Perceiver achieves comparable detection accuracy but better generalization ability compared to dataset-specific counterparts.