Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZATION OF MEDIUM COMPONENTS FOR HIGH BIOMASS AND LIPID PRODUCTION OF THE FRESHWATER DIATOM TRYBLIONELLA HUNGARICA NIOF-DM-017 BY USING PLACKETT-BURMAN DESIGN -

: Biofuel productions from microalgae are considered as potential alternative fuel sources of fossil fuels. The ideal candidate species for biodiesel production need both high biomass and lipid production. In this study, the Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the relative importance of ten nutritional independent components to biomass and lipid production in Tryblionella hungarica These components were Ca(NO 3 2 .4H 2 O, glucose, NaCl and pH, where twelve different runs of media were conducted. The biomass and lipid content of the control Navicula medium were 0.133 gL -1 and 21.4%, after five days of growth. Most of components found to contribute largely for the biomass and lipids production. The medium run 8 exhibit lowest biomass and lipids of 0.032 gL -1 and 11.6%, while runs 11 and 12 recorded the highest biomass (0.274 and 0.268 gL -1 , respectively). Slight to significant decreases were recorded in the lipid content in different experimental runs. The ligand nature of EDTA found to inhibit the growth of the diatom in the runs especially of high EDTA concentration (runs 3, 5, 9, and 10). The results of the main effects of the studied components were used to prepare two verification medium to evaluate the accuracy of the applied Plackett-Burman design. Form the maximum biomass verification medium, the biomass production increased by 85.7% and lipids by 42.9%, when compared to the control medium. Meanwhile, the prepared verification medium for maximum lipids resulted in increase in biomass by 30.8% and lipid content with 61.2% after five days of experimental period. The lipid profile of T. hungarica cultured on Navicula medium and the two verification media was mainly composed of fatty acids and hydrocarbons. The fatty acids comprise about 53%, 64%, and 59.4% of the total lipids of the test diatom cultured in control medium, verification medium for high biomass and verification medium for high lipids, respectively. In general, non-considerable changes were recorded in fatty acids profile between control and verification media. The FAMEs of T. hungarica were dominated by methyl palmiteate (C16: 0), methyl palmitoleate (C16: 1) and methyl linoleate myristate (C18: 2), which are suitable for biodiesel production.
Job shop scheduling with capacity adjustment

: In this paper, we propose a job shop scheduling method to meet due-dates and to minimize overtime as far as possible. The sequence of operations of jobs is determined using the mixture of genetic algorithm and priority rule. The minimization of overtime is carried out by tuning a parameter based on machine loads. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Annual Reproductive Cycle of the Soft Clam, Mya arenaria

Gametogenesis, the reproductive cycle, and the condition index of the soft clam, Mya arenaria were investigated monthly based on histological observation at Sachon Bay, south coast of Korea from May 1998 to September 1999 . M. arenaria is dioceious. The ovary and testis were composed of a number of ovarian sacs and testicular tubules, respectively. Ripe oocytes were characterized by germinal vesicles with nucleoli, and their sizes about in diameter. Monthly changes in condition index and water temperature were closely related to the annual reproductive cycle. The reproductive cycle can be classified into 5 stages: early active stage (february to March), late active stage (April to August), ripe stage (September), partially spawned and spent stage (September to October), inactive stage (November and January).
Circumpolar variation in morphological characteristics of Greater White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons

Capsule Greater White-fronted Geese show significant variation in body size from sampling locations throughout their circumpolar breeding range. Aims To determine the degree of geographical variation in body size of Greater White-fronted Geese and identify factors contributing to any apparent patterns in variation. Methods Structural measures of >3000 geese from 16 breeding areas throughout the Holarctic breeding range of the species were compared statistically. Results Palearctic forms varied clinally, and increased in size from the smallest forms on the Kanin and Taimyr peninsulas in western Eurasia to the largest forms breeding in the Anadyr Lowlands of eastern Chukotka. Clinal variation was less apparent in the Nearctic, as both the smallest form in the Nearctic and the largest form overall (the Tule Goose) were from different breeding areas in Alaska. The Tule Goose was 25% larger than the smallest form. Birds from Greenland (A. a. flavirostris) were the second largest, although only slightly larger than geese from several North American populations. Body size was not correlated with breeding latitude but was positively correlated with temperature on the breeding grounds, breeding habitat, and migration distance. Body mass of Greater White-fronted Geese from all populations remained relatively constant during the period of wing moult. Morphological distinctness of eastern and western Palearctic forms concurs with earlier findings of complete range disjunction. Conclusions Patterns of morphological variation in Greater White-fronted Geese across the Holarctic can be generally attributed to adaptation to variable breeding environments, migration requirements, and phylo-geographical histories.
Scientific Notes: Differentiation of Nymphal Instars in Schistocerca Americana (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

the Caribbean, June 11-12. Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), St. Lucia. LEWIS, T. 1973. Thrips:their biology, ecology and economic importance. Academic Press, London, 349 pp. MORSE, J. G. , T. S. BELLOWS, AND Y. IWATA. 1986. Technique for evaluating residual toxicity of pesticides to motile insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 79: 281-283. TEULON, D. A. J. 1992. Laboratory technique for rearing western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 85: 895-899. WANG, C. L. , AND Y. I. CHU. 1986. Rearing method of southern yellow thrips, Thrips palmi Karny, in laboratory. Plant Protection Bulletin (Taiwan, R.O .C.). 28: 407411.
Mucilaginous species of Thalassiosira Cleve emend: hasle (Diatomeae) in South Brazilian waters

Thalassiosira is a large diatom genus intensively studied since the 1970s, being well represented in diverse marine environments worldwide. Despite the long Brazilian coastline, about 8,500km, few taxonomic works have been performed to investigate the morphology of Thalassiosira species using electron microscope techniques. In this paper the mucilaginous species Thalassiosira diporocyclus, T. mala and T. minuscula were examined in light and electron microscopes, based on material gathered from South Brazilian waters, to record their frustule morphological variability. Some unrecorded findings related to the cribra structure and the cingulum bands are shown. T. mala has central areolae bearing fewer cribral pores than those located in the marginal region. In addition, the valve metrics of T. diporocyclus and T. minuscula are extended in relation to that reported in the current literature. The two species are new records for Brazilian waters, and T. diporocyclus is a new one in the Western Atlantic Ocean.
Zur Keimungsbiologie ausgewählter Xerothermrasenarten - Teil 2: Caryophyllaceae

Partzsch, M. : Germination biology of xerothermic grassland species - Part 2: Caryophyllaceae. - Hercynia N. F. 44 (2011): 127 – 144. Nowadays, in the focus of vegetation ecology stand experimental attempts on restoration of grasslands, for which the knowledge on germination biology is very important in order to evaluate the success of establishment of the introduced species. The series of articles of germination biology of different species introduced here, should close gaps in the present state of knowledge as well as provide assistance by the assessment or with the choice of the species. In the present study eight species of Caryophyllaceae (Dianthus carthusianorum, Gypsophila fastigiata, Lychnis viscaria, Petrorhagia prolifera, Scleranthus perennis, Silene nutans, S. otites, S. vulgaris) were chosen usually occurring in open xerothermic vegetation units. In order to identify optimal germination conditions, experiments were carried out under three different temperature-light regimes (8 / 4 °C, 20 / 10 °C, 32 / 20 °C; 12 h light : 12 h darkness; 45 days). The collected seeds were divided in two parts. The first germination experiment was carried out ca. 4 weeks after collection. The other diaspores were buried in soil from November till March, to ensure hibernation until the next experimental phase in following spring. Seed viability was tested before and after the experiments. Results indicated that seeds of six out of eight species were not dormant, whereas Scleranthus perennis and Silene otites showed partially dormancy. In general, the species germinated in a broad range of temperature during first experiment and after hibernation: Dianthus carthusianorum germinated well under cold and warm conditions and Gypsophila fastigiata, Lychnis viscaria and Petrorhagia prolifera under warm and hot conditions. Silene otites germinated generally low. Otherwise, Scleranthus perennis, Silene nutans and S. vulgaris showed the optimal germination temperature at 20 / 10 °C. The germination behaviour of Scleranthus perennis and Silene otites is characterised as asynchronous germination, meaning that, even under favourable conditions, only a proportion of seeds germinates in a certain time. In generally, the natural cold stratification (hibernation) did not lead to an enhanced germination. There was found slightly negative, but not significant correlations between seed size and germination behaviour. Results regarding the germination behaviour and seed viability allow ranging Caryophyllaceae species in two diaspore bank types: (1) the more transient type: Dianthus carthusianorum, Gypsophila fastigiata, Lychnis viscaria, Petrorhagia prolifera, Silene nutans and Silene vulgaris and (2) the long-term persistent type: Scleranthus perennis. The type of Silene otites was not fully clear. Key words: Germination, dormancy, natural stratification, seed bank type, viability, Dianthus carthusianorum, Gypsophila fastigiata, Lychnis viscaria, Petrorhagia prolifera, Scleranthus perennis, Silene nutans, S. otites, S. vulgaris
Control strategies for Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia).

Madeira vine is an environmental weed with both aerial and subterranean tubers, and is listed as a Surveillance Plant Pest by Manawatu-Wanganui Regional Council. A fi eld trial showed mature vines and their attached tubers were best controlled using metsulfuron-methyl, although reasonable control was also provided by a triclopyr/picloram mixture and by glyphosate. The control of regrowth from buried tubers was investigated in a glasshouse trial. Herbicides that gave good control of 3-month-old plants included the above herbicides and also tribenuron-methyl, fl uroxypyr and amitrole. For eradication purposes, treatments were assessed for destroying aerial tubers collected from isolated plants. Tubers were killed by freezing, by heating to temperatures of 80°C or above for 24 h or by boiling for a few minutes, but any pulverisation techniques needed to be thorough. Tubers immersed momentarily in high concentrations of picloram, triclopyr or fl uroxypyr did not regrow after burial.
Performance and fatty acid profiling of interesterified trans free bakery shortening in short dough biscuits.

Summary Short dough biscuits were prepared using interesterified trans free bakery shortening (IETFS). Hydrogenated shortening (HS) based biscuits were prepared as a control. The diameter, height and spread ratio were determined. Biscuits were analysed up to 8 months for hardness, moisture and acidity of the extracted fat. IETFS biscuits were significantly (P < 0.05) less hard, had a higher spread ratio and were rated higher on all sensory attributes. Their overall acceptability score on a nine point hedonic scale was 8.2 ± 0.8 as compared to 7.3 ± 0.7 for control biscuits. The fatty acid fraction of control biscuits was: saturated fat, 51.6%; trans fat, 14.5%; monounsaturated fat, 28.0%; and polyunsaturated fat, 5.9% and that of IE trans free biscuits was: saturated fat, 54.8%; trans fat, 0.6%; monounsaturated fat, 38.1%; and polyunsaturated fat, 6.5%. The IETFS was found to be appropriate as an alternate to hydrogenated shortening, providing both functionality and nutritive advantage in biscuits.
Women's experiences of border crossing: gender, mobility and border control

In recent years, new migration patterns emerged in Europe and border control operations became more complex and broader, resulting in an increasing number of non-nationals detained for migration-related reasons. This paper aims to explore how gender, migration and border control intersect in the lives of women detained for not having authorisation to remain in Portugal. Several visits were made to a detention facility, where ten women detainees were interviewed. Our findings reveal how gender plays a crucial role in women's mobility pathways, and how the lack of a secure migrant status can be used as a control mechanism within the context of gendered relationships. Overall, due attention is paid to the way crossing borders impacts the lives of these women, reinforcing their vulnerabilities, and to the ways in which women deal with and resist the precariousness and violence they are exposed to, seeking a meaning and continuity for their lives.
DIRECT INPUTS TO OFF Α AND G9 GANGLION CELLS FROM AII AMACRINE CELLS IN RABBIT RETINA

This Thesis (MS) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at DigitalCommons@The Texas Medical Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in UT GSBS Dissertations and Theses (Open Access) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@The Texas Medical Center. For more information, please contact laurel.sanders@library.tmc. edu. iii Acknowledgements I would like to appreciate the support from my family and my friends. My mother and father supported me in everything and always encouraged me to continue with my studies. Steve Massey and the post-doc Chris Whitaker made important contributions to the whole process of obtaining data and for many long discussions. Chris, in particular, developed the Image-J macros for data analysis. Hideo Hoshi taught me how to recognize G9 ganglion cells and Steve Mills helped with the classification of ganglion cells. Feng Pan, a former student in Dr. Massey's lab showed me how to dye-inject cells and use the confocal microscope. In the mammalian retina, AII amacrine cells are essential in the rod pathway for dark-adapted vision. But they also have a " day job " , to provide inhibitory inputs to certain OFF ganglion cells in photopic conditions. This is known as crossover inhibition. Physiological evidence from several different labs implies that AII amacrine cells provide direct input to certain OFF ganglion cells. However, previous EM analysis of the rabbit retina suggests that the dominant output of the AII amacrine cell in sublamina a goes to OFF cone bipolar cells (Strettoi et al., 1992). Two OFF ganglion cell types in the rabbit retina, OFF α and G9, were identified by a combination of morphological criteria such as dendritic field size, dye coupling, mosaic properties and stratification depth. The AII amacrine cells (AIIs) were labeled with an antibody against calretinin and glycine receptors were marked with an antibody against the α1 subunit. This material was analyzed by triple-label confocal microscopy. We found the lobules of AIIs made close contacts at many points along the dendrites of individual OFF α and G9 ganglion cells. At these potential synaptic sites, we also found punctate labeling for the glycine receptor α1 subunit. The presence of a post-synaptic marker such as the α1 glycine receptor at contact points between AII lobules and OFF ganglion cells supports a direct inhibitory input from AIIs. This pathway provides for crossover inhibition in the rabbit retina whereby light onset provides an inhibitory …
Genetic enhancement of multiple resistance to foliar diseases in groundnut

The PVC, heitability and genetic advance were high for all the foliar diseases. The genotypes ICGV-99057, ICGV-00228 and ICGV-99068 showed resistant/moderately resistant to late leaf spot. The genotypes ICGV-00228, ICGV-99022, ICGV-00169,ICGV-99025, ICGV-00130 and 99057 were found resistant/moderately resistant to rust.While the genotypesICGV-99057, ICGV-00169 and ICGV-99068 were found resistant/moderately resistant to peanut stem necrosis disease. The multiple resistant genotypes ICGV-99057, ICGV-00169 besides high potential also exhibited good shelling percent and oil content. Hence, it is rewarding to incorporate resistance into good agronomic types by hybridization and selection.
The effect of long‐term storage on amino acid content of ready‐to‐eat entrées

Summary The effect of 24-month storage at three different temperatures (6 ± 2 °C, 26 ± 2 °C, 37 ± 2 °C) on quality of three types of ready-to-eat entrees (MRE) was evaluated by means of amino acid, ammonia, moisture and crude protein contents. Spicy risotto, Pork meat with carrots and potatoes and Pork goulash with pasta, that are included into the Czech combat rations, were selected for the experiment. During storage, all the explored samples did not significantly differ in moisture and crude protein content. Higher losses of amino acids (e.g. sulphuric amino acids, lysine, leucine) were detected with the increasing storage time and temperature. Growing losses of amino acids resulted in rising ammonia content as a product of amino acid degradation process. The biological value expressed by essential amino acid index declined with higher temperature and longer time of storage. The dependence of amino acid losses on moisture content was observed, too.
No relationship between canalization and developmental stability of the skull in a natural population of Mastomys natalensis (Rodentia: Muridae)

The aim of the present work was to investigate the relationship between canalization and developmental stability under varying environmental conditions. Three different cohorts of Mastomys natalensis (Rodentia, Muridae), displaying different growth trajectories, were analysed by means of geometric morphometrics. A set of 23 landmarks was digitalized on the dorsal skull of 292 specimens from Morogoro (Tanzania). Patterns of among- and within-individual (measured as fluctuating asymmetry, FA) variation were assessed and compared among and within the three groups to test for the presence of a common mechanism between canalization and developmental stability. Results showed that there was no congruence between canalization and developmental stability: (1) levels of FA and among-individual variation varied in a discordant fashion, (2) no correspondence between the variance–covariance matrix of among- and within individual variation was found, and (3) environmental effects were able to alter the covariance structure of among-individual variation leaving patterns associated with fluctuating asymmetry unaffected. These findings support the view of multiple mechanisms underlying developmental buffering of shape variation. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 104, 207–216.
Characterisation of two wheat enolase cDNA showing distinct patterns of expression in leaf and crown tissues of plants exposed to low temperature

Seasonal low temperature (LT) adversely affects growth of plants. The onset of LT in temperate zones also entails the process of cold acclimation, preparing the plants to withstand freezing temperatures. During this process of cold acclimation a number of physiological, biochemical and molecular changes occur. A differentially expressed enolase gene in wheat plants exposed to LT was previously identified by cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism. In this study, two wheat enolase cDNA, TaENO-a and TaENO-b amplified by 5 � ,3 � rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE)-PCR (polymerase chain reaction), were isolated and characterised. Quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) was done to assess their expression patterns in leaf and crown tissues of wheat plants exposed to LT. BLAST searches and bioinformatic analyses were done to determine the structure, domains and phylogeny of the cloned sequences. The two cDNA sequences differed mostly in the 5 � and 3 � untranslated regions. Deduced amino acid sequence showed high identity to bacteria, yeast, fungi, human and plant enolases with conserved putative DNA-binding and repressor domains. A genomic clone containing 17 exons distributed over 4.5 kb structurally shared a high degree of similarity to rice enolase. QPCR revealed combined effects of LT and ageing on expression of TaENO-a and TaENO-b. Down-regulation of TaENO-a was observed with age in the crown tissues upon exposure to LT, but in leaf initial up-regulation was followed by downregulation. Expression ofTaENO-bwas similar to expression patterns previously reported for cold-regulated (COR) genes in wheat, wherein the recessive vrnA-1 allele influenced its expression in the leaf and genetic background determines its expression in the crown.
The Causes of Fighting in Mice and Rats

A LL behavior may be considered as an attempt of an organism to adjust to changed conditions, whether internal or external. When fighting behavior is analyzed, it is found to be one of several patterns of behavior which may provide some measure of adjustment when two organisms come into conflict. Other common and closely related alternate patterns are escape behavior, defensive behavior, and passivity. It is difficult to consider any of these without the others, and it is with this general group of behavioral adjustments, which may be given the name "agonistic behavior," that this paper is concerned. These patterns of behavior have probably been most extensively and thoroughly studied in two laboratory animals, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus; and on the basis of facts collected from these two rather closely related species it is possible to arrive at certain interesting generalizations. It almost goes without saying that I This study was supported in part by a research grant from the National Institute of Mental Health, U.S. Public Health Service.
Wages and prices in the euro area: exploring the nexus

We investigate the structural relationship between wages dynamics and core inflation in the euro area using Bayesian VAR models. We find that the pass-through from wages to consumer prices net of food and energy is less than unity and depends on the nature of the shocks hitting the economy. A monetary policy shock implies a positive co-movement between these variables, which is similar in magnitude to that stemming from an aggregate demand shock. Financial shocks, as captured by credit spreads and indicators of systemic stress, are instead associated with a negative co-movement between wages and prices and generate firms’ countercyclical mark-ups, consistently with recent models featuring financial frictions and nominal rigidities. These findings may explain why the recent pick-up in wages is not associated with a sustained path of core inflation in the euro area.