Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utility of Percutaneous Ultrasonic Tenotomy for Tendinopathies: A Systematic Review

Context: Chronic tendinopathy is a challenging problem that can lead to significant disability and limitation in not only athletics but also activities of daily living. While there are many treatment techniques described for this overuse injury, no single modality has been proven superior to all others. With recent advances in medical technology, percutaneous ultrasonic tenotomy (PUT) for tendinosis has gained traction with promising results. Objective: To examine the data published on PUT for treatment of tendinopathy, analyze the outcomes of the procedure, including duration of pain relief and patient-reported outcomes, and assess the rate of complications associated with the procedure. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Study Selection: The following combination of keywords was entered into the electronic search engines: ultrasonic tenotomy, ultrasound tenotomy, Tenex, and ultrasonic percutaneous tenotomy. The search results were screened for studies relevant to the topic. Only English-language studies were considered for inclusion. Studies consisting of level 4 evidence or higher and those involving human participants were included for more detailed evaluation. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were sorted and reviewed. Type of tendinopathy studied, outcome measures, and complications were recorded. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on the data collected. Results: There were a total of 7 studies that met the inclusion criteria and quality measures—5 studies involving the treatment of elbow tendinopathy and 1 study each involving the management of Achilles tendinopathy and plantar fasciitis. PUT resulted in decreased pain/disability scores and improved functional outcome scores for chronic elbow tendinopathy and plantar fasciitis. Results for Achilles tendinopathy showed modest improvement in the short term, but long-term data are lacking. Conclusion: PUT is a minimally invasive treatment technique that can be considered in patients with tendinopathy refractory to conservative treatment measures. Further higher quality studies are necessary to accurately assess the comparative effectiveness of this treatment modality.
Cross-modality deep learning: Contouring of MRI data from annotated CT data only.

PURPOSE Online adaptive radiotherapy would greatly benefit from the development of reliable auto-segmentation algorithms for organs-at-risk and radiation targets. Current practice of manual segmentation is subjective and time-consuming. While deep learning-based algorithms offer ample opportunities to solve this problem, they typically require large datasets. However, medical imaging data is generally sparse, in particular annotated MR images for radiotherapy. In this study, we developed a method to exploit the wealth of publicly available, annotated CT images to generate synthetic MR images, which could then be used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to segment the parotid glands on MR images of head and neck cancer patients. METHODS Imaging data comprised 202 annotated CT and 27 annotated MR images. The unpaired CT and MR images were fed into a 2D CycleGAN network to generate synthetic MR images from the CT images. Annotations of axial slices of the synthetic images were generated by propagating the CT contours. These were then used to train a 2D CNN. We assessed the segmentation accuracy using the real MR images as test dataset. The accuracy was quantified with the 3D Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance (HD) and mean surface distance (MSD) between manual and auto-generated contours. We benchmarked the approach by a comparison to the inter-observer variation determined for the real MR images, as well as to the accuracy when training the 2D CNN to segment the CT images. RESULTS The determined accuracy (DSC: 0.77±0.07, HD: 18.04±12.59 mm, MSD: 2.51 ± 1.47mm) was close to the inter-observer variation (DSC: 0.84±0.06, HD: 10.85±5.74 mm, MSD: 1.50±0.77 mm), as well as to the accuracy when training the 2D CNN to segment the CT images (DSC: 0.81±0.07, HD: 13.00±7.61 mm, MSD: 1.87±0.84 mm). CONCLUSION The introduced cross-modality learning technique can be of great value for segmentation problems with sparse training data. We anticipate using this method with any non-annotated MRI dataset to generate annotated synthetic MR images of the same type via image style transfer from annotated CT images. Furthermore, as this technique allows for fast adaptation of annotated datasets from one imaging modality to another, it could prove useful for translating between large varieties of MRI contrasts due to differences in imaging protocols within and between institutions.
Population Impact of Girls-Only Human Papillomavirus 16/18 Vaccination in The Netherlands: Cross-Protective and Second-Order Herd Effects

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs achieve substantial population-level impact, with effects extending beyond protection of vaccinated individuals. We assessed trends in HPV prevalence up to 8 years postvaccination among men and women in the Netherlands, where bivalent HPV vaccination, targeting HPV types 16/18, has been offered to (pre)adolescent girls since 2009 with moderate vaccination coverage. Methods We used data from the PASSYON study, a survey initiated in 2009 (prevaccination) and repeated biennially among 16- to 24-year-old visitors of sexual health centers. We studied genital HPV positivity from 2009 to 2017 among women, heterosexual men, and unvaccinated women using Poisson generalized estimating equation models, adjusted for individual- and population-level confounders. Trends were studied for 25 HPV types detected by the SPF10-LiPA25 platform. Results A total of 6354 women (64.7% self-reported unvaccinated) and 2414 heterosexual men were included. Percentual declines in vaccine types HPV-16/18 were observed for all women (12.6% per year [95% confidence interval {CI}, 10.6–14.5]), heterosexual men (13.0% per year [95% CI, 8.3–17.5]), and unvaccinated women (5.4% per year [95% CI, 2.9–7.8]). We observed significant declines in HPV-31 (all women and heterosexual men), HPV-45 (all women), and in all high-risk HPV types pooled (all women and heterosexual men). Significant increases were observed for HPV-56 (all women) and HPV-52 (unvaccinated women). Conclusions Our results provide evidence for first-order herd effects among heterosexual men against HPV-16/18 and cross-protective types. Additionally, we show second-order herd effects against vaccine types among unvaccinated women. These results are promising regarding population-level and clinical impact of girls-only bivalent HPV vaccination in a country with moderate vaccine uptake.
The effects of olfactory bulb removal on single‐pellet skilled reaching task in rats

We focused on how the rat uses olfactory cues in a single‐pellet reaching task, which is composed of three successive learned responses, Orient, Transport, and Withdrawal. Orient comprised: front wall detection, slot localisation, and nose poke until reach start. High‐speed video‐recording enabled us to describe the temporal features of this sequence in controls vs. 3–5 and 12–14 days after bilateral bulbectomy in trials with (P trial) vs. without (no‐P trial) pellet. In controls, the full sequence was complete in P trials, while it was interrupted after Orient in no P‐trials. After bulbectomy, the full sequence was seen in both P and no‐P trials at days 3–5 and 12–14 and there was an increase in Orient duration due to the increased time in slot/shelf localisation. Unlike in controls, in anosmic rats, the first nose contact with the front wall took place below the slot/shelf level, and the number of nose touches together with the number of whisker cycles was significantly higher at 3–5 but not at 12–14 days. The relationship between nose touches and whisker cycles was linear in all experimental conditions. Bulbectomy resulted in no changes in the Transport duration or the time the paw spent out of the slot. These findings suggest that olfaction allows the animal to orient itself in pellet localisation, and offers insight into the contribution of olfaction during different stages of natural behaviour in skilled reaching task.
Significant Symptoms and Non-Symptom-Related Factors for Malaria Diagnosis in Endemic Regions of Indonesia.

OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify significant symptoms and non-symptom-related factors for malaria diagnosis in endemic regions of Indonesia. METHODS Medical records are collected from patients suffering from malaria and other febrile diseases from public hospitals in endemic regions of Indonesia. Interviews with eight Indonesian medical doctors are conducted. Feature selection and machine learning techniques are used to develop malaria classifiers for identifying significant symptoms and non-symptom-related factors. RESULTS Seven significant symptoms (duration of fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, heartburn, severe symptom, dizziness and joint pain) and patients' history of malaria as a non-symptom-related factor contribute most to malaria diagnosis. As a symptom, fever duration is more significant than temperature or fever for distinguishing malaria from other febrile diseases. Shivering, fever and sweating (known to indicate malaria presence in Indonesia) are shown to be less significant than other symptoms in endemic regions. CONCLUSIONS Three most suitable malaria classifiers have been developed to identify significant features that can be used to predict malaria as distinct from other febrile diseases. With extensive experiments on the classifiers, the significant features identified can help medical doctors in the clinical diagnosis of malaria and raise public awareness of significant malaria symptoms at early stages.
Carbon Nanotube Science: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

1. Introduction 2. Synthesis I: arc- and laser-vaporisation, heat treatment methods and electrolysis 3. Synthesis II: catalytic chemical vapour deposition and related methods 4. Purification and processing 5. Structure 6. Physical properties I: Electronic 7. Physical properties II: Mechanical, optical and thermal 8. Chemistry and biology of nanotubes 9. Carbon nanotube composites 10. Filled and heterogeneous nanotubes 11. Probes and sensors 12. Conclusions.
The Cyclical Relation Between Chronic Pain, Executive Functioning, Emotional Regulation, and Self-Management.

OBJECTIVE To propose a new model outlining a hypothesized cyclical relation between executive functioning, emotional regulation, and chronic pain in adolescence and to highlight the likely importance of such a relation for self-management behavior and pain-related disability. METHODS A review of the existing literature that critically explores the role of executive functioning in understanding chronic pain experiences and self-management in adolescence in order to develop the Cyclical model Of Pain, Executive function, emotion regulation, and Self-management (COPES). RESULTS Growing evidence points towards a potential cyclical relation between chronic pain and impaired executive functioning, which forms the basis of COPES. The COPES model proposes that the relative immaturity of executive functioning in adolescence negatively influences their ability to engage with self-management, which in turn increases adolescents' disability due to pain and contributes to the maintenance of chronic pain, which perpetuates the reduced capacity of executive functioning. The moderating influence of flexible parental support is hypothesized to offset some of these influences. However, the available evidence is limited due to methodological shortcomings such as large variety in executive functioning operationalization, reliance on self-report and cross-sectional designs. CONCLUSIONS It is anticipated that the COPES model will stimulate more systematic, theory-driven research to further our understanding of the links between executive functioning, chronic pain, self-management, and wellbeing. Such enhanced understanding has the potential to drive forward intervention development and refinement aimed at improving self-management uptake and adherence amongst adolescents with chronic pain.
Expression of cellular adherent and invasive molecules in recurrent ovarian endometriosis

Objective This study aimed to examine expression of cellular adhesion molecules and metalloproteinases of the extracellular matrix in ectopic endometrium for evaluating their roles in recurrence of endometriosis. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 49 female patients (mean age: 30.1±5.5 years) with endometriomas who had undergone two separate operations. After a maximum follow-up of 80 months, all participants were divided into the recurrent group or nonrecurrent (control) group. Samples were immunostained for epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), β-catenin, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2, and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). Results In the recurrent group, E-cadherin concentrations in the membrane and cytoplasm of ectopic endometrial glandular cells were significantly reduced, while those of MMP-9 and EMMPRIN were higher than those in the control group. Additionally, uPA concentrations in the membrane and cytoplasm of ectopic endometrial glandular, stromal, and vascular endothelial cells were significantly higher in the recurrent group than in the control group. Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and β-catenin concentrations were similar between the groups. Conclusion E-cadherin, MMP-9, and associated factors may contribute to development of endometriosis. E-cadherin, MMP-9, and uPA may act as potential markers for detection of recurrence of endometriosis.
Investigation of two-body wear behavior of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic for biomedical applications; in vitro chewing simulation

Abstract The aim of this work was to the investigate two-body wear behavior of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic and composite resins through in vitro chewing simulation. Two types of glass-ceramics (IPS e.max CAD; lithium disilicate, Vita Suprinity; zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate) and two types of composite resins (Filtek Supreme; nano-filled, Ivoclar Vivadent Heliomolar; micro-filled) were used. All specimens were exposed to two-body wear tests using a dual-axis computer-controlled chewing simulation. Each chewing simulation test procedure, Al2O3 ball with a diameter of 6 mm, was used as antagonist material. The mean volume loss and wear depth of all specimens after the chewing tests were determined with use non-contact 3 D profilometer. Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate Vita Suprinity had significantly higher two-body wear resistance than lithium disilicate IPS e.max CAD glass-ceramic and other composite resins after chewing tests. While Vita Suprinity exhibited a homogeneous crystal microstructure, IPS e.max CAD glass-ceramic exhibited a structure with needle-shaped fine-grained crystals embedded in a glassy matrix. As a result, the homogeneous distribution of zirconia particles into the ceramic material will increase the two-body wear resistance through chewing simulation tests.
Temperature-sensitive biochemical 18 O-fractionation and humidity-dependent attenuation factor are needed to predict δ18 O of cellulose from leaf water in a grassland ecosystem.

We explore our mechanistic understanding of the environmental and physiological processes that determine the oxygen isotope composition of leaf cellulose (δ18 Ocellulose ) in a drought-prone, temperate grassland ecosystem. A new allocation-and-growth model was designed and added to an 18 O-enabled soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer model (MuSICA) to predict seasonal (April-October) and multiannual (2007-2012) variation of δ18 Ocellulose and 18 O-enrichment of leaf cellulose (Δ18 Ocellulose ) based on the Barbour-Farquhar model. Modelled δ18 Ocellulose agreed best with observations when integrated over ~400 growing-degree-days, similar to the average leaf-life-span observed at the site. Over the integration time, air temperature ranged from 7 to 22 °C and midday relative humidity from 47 to 73%. Model agreement with observations of δ18 Ocellulose (R2 =0.57) and Δ18 Ocellulose (R2 =0.74), and their negative relationship with canopy conductance, was improved significantly when both (1) the biochemical 18 O-fractionation between water and substrate for cellulose synthesis (εbio , range 26-30‰) was temperature-sensitive, as previously reported for aquatic plants and heterotrophically-grown wheat seedlings, and (2) the proportion of oxygen in cellulose reflecting leaf water 18 O-enrichment (1 - pex px , range 0.23-0.63) was dependent on air relative humidity, as observed in independent controlled experiments with grasses. Understanding physiological information in δ18 Ocellulose requires quantitative knowledge of climatic effects on pex px and εbio .
Time for rethinking the different β‐actin transgenic mouse models?

The actin family is crucial for many cellular processes and in mammals muscle and non‐muscle forms exist. The latter group contains cytoplasmic‐β‐actin and cytoplasmic‐γ‐actin, almost identical in amino acid sequence and with a significant functional overlap. We introduce the properties of the Actb gene and mRNA transcript(s) with main focus on the 3′UTR and its unique features, that is, the zipcode and two polyadenylation sites creating transcripts of different lengths. Several transgenic mouse models with a modified Actb locus have been created. The different mouse models can be divided into three groups; that is, 5′ or 3′ insertion models, mouse models with loxP sequences around exon 2–3 resulting in deletion the start codon, and models with gene edited Actb sequences that produces γ‐actin protein instead of β‐actin. Whole body knockouts and, with one exception, insertion models lead to embryonic lethality indicating that the Actb gene or transcripts or translated β‐actin are essential. Tissue specific ablation at later developmental stages lead to no, or mild phenotypes, suggesting that the Actb gene or β‐actin protein is somewhat dispensable. Gene edited Actb mice that produce γ‐actin are viable. This assumes that the nucleotide sequence of Actb is important and not the specific amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes. Upregulation of other actin paralogs was frequently observed upon β‐actin ablation and can also engage in the phenotype. For a better understanding, it will be necessary to analyze in current and future models all relevant actin transcripts and protein levels in a standardized and comprehensive way.
Algorithmic Prediction of Restraint and Seclusion in an Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Population

BACKGROUND: Restraint and seclusion in an inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric population adversely affects the overall value and safety of care. Due to adverse events, negative outcomes, and associated costs, inpatient psychiatric hospitals must strive to reduce and ultimately eliminate restraint and seclusion with innovative, data-driven approaches. AIM: To identify patterns of client characteristics that are associated with restraint and seclusion in an inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric population. METHOD: A machine learning application of fast-and-frugal tree modeling was used to analyze the sample. RESULTS: The need for restraint and seclusion were correctly predicted for 73% of clients at risk (sensitivity), and 76% of clients were correctly predicted as negative or low risk (specificity), for needing restraint and seclusion based on the following characteristics: having a disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and/or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis, being 12 years old or younger, and not having a depressive and/or bipolar disorder diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The client characteristics identified in the predictive algorithm should be reviewed on admission to recognize clients at risk for restraint and seclusion. For those at risk, interventions should be developed into an individualized client treatment plan to facilitate a proactive approach in preventing behavioral emergencies requiring restraint and seclusion.
Does antipsychotic combination therapy reduce the risk of hospitalization in schizophrenia?

ABSTRACT Introduction : Despite treatment with antipsychotic medication, approximately 1/3 of individuals with schizophrenia will fail to have an adequate response. To treat these patients, a commonly utilized approach is antipsychotic combination therapy. Antipsychotic combination therapy is controversial with mixed efficacy and tolerability results. It is also unclear if antipsychotic combination therapy reduces or increases the risk of psychiatric hospitalization. Areas Covered : The authors review the prevalence, efficacy and tolerability concerns, and rationale behind antipsychotic combination therapy. Evidence comparing antipsychotic monotherapy vs polypharmacy using hospitalization as an outcome measure is summarized. Expert opinion : Psychiatric rehospitalization is a useful measure of treatment effectiveness, incorporating aspects of treatment efficacy and tolerability. The evidence comparing the impact of antipsychotic monotherapy vs combination therapy on rehospitalization is mixed. Evidence is primarily retrospective in nature, and there is high heterogeneity between studies, which could partially explain the mixed results. There is likely a subset of patients for whom antipsychotic combination therapy reduces the risk of hospitalization greater than antipsychotic monotherapy. Patients should be treated individually taking into account their specific pattern of response.
Nutrition and hydration for people living with dementia near the end of life: A qualitative systematic review

Abstract Aims To synthesize the qualitative evidence of the views and experiences of people living with dementia, family carers, and practitioners on practice related to nutrition and hydration of people living with dementia who are nearing end of life. Design Systematic review and narrative synthesis of qualitative studies. Data sources MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL. Review methods Databases were searched for qualitative studies from January 2000‐February 2020. Quantitative studies, or studies reporting on biological mechanisms, assessments, scales or diagnostic tools were excluded. Results were synthesized using a narrative synthesis approach with thematic analysis. Results Twenty studies were included; 15 explored the views of practitioners working with people living with dementia in long‐term care settings or in hospitals. Four themes were developed: challenges of supporting nutrition and hydration; balancing the views of all parties involved with ‘the right thing to do’; national context and sociocultural influences; and strategies to support nutrition and hydration near the end of life in dementia. Conclusion The complexity of supporting nutrition and hydration near the end of life for someone living with dementia relates to national context, lack of knowledge, and limited planning while the person can communicate. Impact This review summarizes practitioners and families’ experiences and highlights the need to include people living with dementia in studies to help understand their views and preferences about nutrition and hydration near the end of life; and those of their families supporting them in the community. The review findings are relevant to multidisciplinary teams who can learn from strategies to help with nutrition and hydration decisions and support.
Which inflammatory marker is more reliable in diagnosing acute septic arthritis in the pediatric population?

The present study aimed to investigate diagnostic values of C‐reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the platelet to lymphocyte ratio as possible indirect inflammatory markers in children with septic arthritis (SA) for diagnosis process.