Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SHRIMP U–Pb Zircon Triassic Intrusion Age of the Finero Mafic Complex (Ivrea–Verbano Zone, Western Alps) and its Geodynamic Implications

Interstitial, subhedral, slightly pink zircons have been separated from a diorite of the External Gabbro unit of the Finero Mafic Complex, which crops out in the northernmost tip of the Ivrea^Verbano Zone (IVZ, Southern Alps). They are characterized by oscillatory zoning under cathodoluminescence (CL), a highTh/U ratio (0·9^0·4), and associated high U,Th, Pb, rare earth element (REE),Ta, Nb, Li and P contents, consistent with a magmatic origin.The mean of the single concordant ages is 232 3 Ma, which is here proposed to constrain the timing of intrusion of the Finero Mafic Complex. Most of these magmatic zircons exhibit an outer rim, up to 50 mm thick, with a bright emission, with transgressive and/or sub-concordant contacts to the internal, oscillatory-zoned domains, in which the Th/U ratio is decreased, as are the U,Th, Pb, REE,Ta and Nb contents.These rims give younger, slightly discordant Pb/ U ages, between 219 3 Ma and 205 3 Ma, which are interpreted to highlight a fluid-assisted recrystallization event. The gabbros also have an interstitial zircon population consisting of rounded, small, colourless, bright to milky crystals with blurred zoning patterns in CL. These zircons have low U, Th, Pb, Nb and Ta contents, and lowTh/U ratio (down to 0·08). The overall metamorphic character, together with field evidence of the presence of blocks of paragneiss belonging to the crystalline basement at the roof of the External Gabbro unit, indicates that these zircons are inherited from local crustal rocks. They have U and Pb isotopic compositions that are strongly altered and discordant, showing an upper limit of the timing of recrystallization consistent with the MiddleTriassic emplacement age obtained from the magmatic zircons. It is concluded that the Finero Mafic Complex can no longer be considered as a part of the huge Permian Mafic Complex of the central IVZ. It follows that the intrusive record preserved in the IVZ allows us to look at the interplay between the continental crust and mantle melts through time (i.e. Permian toTriassic). In this scenario, the modest crustal assimilation shown by the Finero Mafic Complex can be interpreted in the first instance as the consequence of the limited volume of intruded melt (less than 2 km in thickness). However, the possible role played by the decreased fertility of the metamorphic country rocks owing to a inferred Permian magmatic event must be better constrained.The intrusion of the Finero Mafic Complex may represent the deep-crustal counterparts of the Ladinian volcanism that is widespread throughout the Southern Alps. The geodynamic
Clinical and Basic Cardiology

although blood pressure had been lowered. These findings suggest, that lowering blood pressure is not enough. Furthermore, retrospective and very recent prospective data showed a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in subjects treated with beta-blocking agents. Thus, the metabolic side effects of the antihypertensive treatment need to receive more attention. In the metabolic syndrome, a reduction of SNS drive would seem to be specifically effective. However, many groups have shown that antihypertensive treatment with beta-blockers, decreases insulin sensitivity by various mechanisms. In contrast the centrally acting agent moxonidine, an imidazoline I1-receptor agonist, may be of interest in this context. It inhibits sympathetic outflow and causes vasodilation. Moxonidine treatment improved insulin sensitivity specifically in insulin-resistant, obese patients with mild hypertension. Animal studies indicate an improvement of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into the skeletal muscle and an improvement of glucose tolerance. Therefore, the beneficial characteristics of these newer class of antihypertensive agents suggest, that moxonidine could be advantageous for hypertensive patients with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. However, long-term studies are needed to confirm these benefits. In the cardiovascular risk management, lowering blood pressure is just one cornerstone. Due to the known metabolic “side effects” the selection of the antihypertensive agent might be relevant for the long-term outcome. J Clin Basic Cardiol 2001; 4: 193–195.
Diffusion of seismic waves in layered media: boundary conditions and analytical solutions

SUMMARY A new model for multiple scattering of seismic waves including a depth dependency of scattering strength is presented. The problem of a strongly scattering layer over a weakly scattering half-space is treated within the diffusion approach. A ‘surface resistivity’ boundary condition connecting the scattering layer to the scattering half-space is presented and an analytical solution in the frequency–wavenumber domain is given. For the limiting case of zero scattering in the half-space, the new analytical solution approaches the well-known diffusion solution for the scattering layer over a homogeneous half-space. A comparison to numerical solutions of the equation of radiative transfer demonstrates that the new model has a broad range of validity. It only fails, if the layer is thinner than its transport mean free path and additionally a large contrast in scattering strength between layer and half-space exists. As an application of the theory seismograms measured in an active seismic experiment at Merapi volcano (Indonesia) are presented. These seismograms show an apparent decrease of scattering strength with increasing source–receiver distance, which can be explained by a depth-dependent diffusivity.
Potential of MODFLOW to Model Hydrological Interactions in a Semikarst Floodplain of the Ozark Border Forest in the Central United States

AbstractRiparian shallow groundwater and nutrient movement is important for aquatic and forest ecosystem health. Understanding stream water (SW)–shallow groundwater (GW) interactions is necessary for proper management of floodplain biodiversity, but it is particularly confounding in underrepresented semikarst hydrogeological systems. The Modular Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Ground-Water Flow Model (MODFLOW) was used to simulate shallow groundwater flow and nutrient transport processes in a second-growth Ozark border forest for the 2011 water year. MODFLOW provided approximations of hydrologic head that were statistically comparable to observed data (Nash–Sutcliffe = 0.47, r2 = 0.77, root-mean-square error = 0.61 cm, and mean difference = 0.46 cm). Average annual flow estimates indicated that 82% of the reach length was a losing stream, while the remaining 18% was gaining. The reach lost more water to the GW during summer (2405 m3 day−1) relative to fall (2184 m3 day−1), spring (2102 m3 day−1), and .
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING, DESTINATION IMAGE ON VISITING DECISIONS WITH VISITING INTEREST AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE

The advancement of the internet has an impact on the increase in social media users and this is in line with the development of tourism, triggering the emergence of Instagram accounts with the theme of tourist destinations which can indirectly create an image of the destination it posts, resulting in the emergence of someone's interest in visiting. So that it triggers the decision to visit tourists. This study aims to determine the effect of social media marketing and destination image on visiting decisions with visiting interest as an intervening variable for tourists in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ). This type of research uses descriptive quantitative with a causal approach. The sample size was 135 respondents. Data analysis tools using AMOS 24.0. The results found that social media marketing affects visiting interest. Destination image affects the interest in visiting. Social media marketing has no effect on visiting decisions. Destination image has no effect on visiting decisions. Social media marketing has a positive and insignificant effect on visiting decisions through visiting interest. Destination image has a positive and insignificant effect on visiting decisions through visiting interest. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that visiting interest will increase if social media marketing is utilized properly and improves destination image, so that it can trigger the formation of visiting decisions. Suggestions for the government and business actors are to continue to develop tourist attractions in SEZ Mandalika by adding facilities and protecting the environment
An Online Assistant for Remote, Distributed Critiquing of Electronically Submitted Assessment

This paper outlines the architecture for an online assessment management system implemented at the University of Southern Queensland. The system assists teams of academics in the management and marking of electronically submitted student assignments in large-scale classes. The system designed to provide a flexible yet structured method for providing feedback to students also offers semi-automatic file handling and grade recording. The system, Classmate, allows a team of markers to access and mark student assignments through a web interface designed to parallel paper-based marking systems. An online authoring tool replaces the red pen on paper analogy. A pilot study conducted on the use of Classmate has found the system to be of use in providing students with consistent feedback, allowing traditional assignment interactions and reducing trivial and repetitive assignment marking tasks.
Schmidt‐hammer exposure‐age dating (SHD): application to early Holocene moraines and a reappraisal of the reliability of terrestrial cosmogenic‐nuclide dating (TCND) at Austanbotnbreen, Jotunheimen, Norway

Matthews, J. A. & Winkler, S. 2010: Schmidt‐hammer exposure‐age dating (SHD): application to early Holocene moraines and a reappraisal of the reliability of terrestrial cosmogenic‐nuclide dating (TCND) at Austanbotnbreen, Jotunheimen, Norway. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010. 00178.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.
Magnetic Properties and Rotational Hysteresis of A Basalt With Homogeneous Ti‐Rich Titanomagnetite Grains 10–20 μm In Diameter

SUMMARY Magnetic hysteresis properties and rotational hysteresis data are reported for basalt samples with homogeneous Ti-rich titanomagnetite grains 10–20 μm in diameter between ∼ 100K and the Curie temperature of ∼ 400K. From the remanence behaviour it is concluded that at low temperatures a pseudo-single domain state exists. Above ambient temperature this character appears to remain up to the Curie point. Magnetic domain-wall observations with the colloid Bitter technique at room temperature reveal wavy patterns that form as a consequence of stress effects. Rotational hysteresis losses occur at high magnetic fields where only reversible magnetization processes are inferred from hysteresis data. This result is interpreted in terms of centres or of internal surfaces with high magnetic anisotropy. the sources are either a very low amount of segregated anti-ferromagnetic phases, leading to exchange anisotropy, or Fe2+ in the environment of lattice defects carrying an angular orbital momentum due to the disturbed crystal field; in both cases, the mechanism leading to high field rotational hysteresis losses may be the same. the assumed high anisotropy Fe2+ and the neighbouring grain regions in pure titanomagnetite particles may be of importance in the formation of a thermo-remanence since they may act like single domain particles.
High concentrations of black carbon over middle latitudes in the North Pacific Ocean

During 4 years of research cruises over the central Pacific Ocean from 1993 through 1996, a region of extremely high concentration of black carbon aerosol (>150 ng C m -3 ) was routinely observed in the middle-latitude zone (27°-48°N) along the 175°E line of longitude (near the International Date Line). In the cruises along the latitude lines of 30°N and 35°N, a strong west-to-east gradient of black carbon was also observed. Backward trajectory analysis shows that the air parcels containing high concentration of black carbon had passed over the Asian continent during the previous 10 days. The concentration of black carbon was relatively well correlated with non-sea-salt (nss.) SO 4 2- in the aerosols. This indicates that the high concentration of black carbon observed originated from the combustion of sulfur-containing materials, presumably coal, on the Asian continent. Mass size distributions of the black carbon exhibit a mode at 0.5-0.7 μm in aerodynamic diameter, which is unexpectedly large and coincides with the mode of SO 4 2- aerosol. This suggests that black carbon and SO 4 2- were internally mixed, and additional growth in particle size occurred through cloud processing. This study shows that anthropogenic aerosols are transported over greater distances than previously indicated by global dispersion models. The trajectory analysis indicates that this is due to the high-altitude transport of materials which reduces the possibility of encountering precipitating clouds; the aerosols are lofted over the continent initially, transported at relatively high altitudes over the ocean, and then brought to the surface in the central part of the North Pacific Ocean by mesoscale weather systems. The measured mixing ratio of black carbon/nss.SO 4 2- and the state of the mixture (internal) suggest that the aerosols transported from Asia over the North Pacific Ocean have a low single-scattering albedo.
Thick-skinned thrusting in the northern Tien Shan foreland, Kazakhstan: structural inheritance and polyphase deformation

Abstract The northern front of the Cenozoic Tien Shan mountains in Kazakhstan comprises east- to NE-trending thrust-related basement uplifts. Some of these are open, asymmetric anticlines, whereas others are fault-bounded blocks. Where emergent and exposed, the bounding faults dip steeply at 45–70°. Large-wavelength open folds in the Cenozoic cover also overlie basement structures. The Palaeozoic basement of volcanic, (meta-) sedimentary and granitic rocks contains older structures such as folds, slaty cleavage, faults and dykes. Some Cenozoic faults truncate all earlier structures, just as some Cenozoic folds are independent of the attitudes of underlying stratified basement rocks. The strongest control on the Cenozoic structure is exerted by steep, NW-striking basement faults that induce along-strike segmentation and lateral terminations of some basement ridges. A few of these basement faults had already been reactivated as normal faults during a Cenozoic phase of east–west extension that preceded folding and thrusting. Some normal faults show reactivation as dextral strike-slip faults during the contractional phase, which is still active today. Since the NE to east trend of the main basement ranges has no obvious precursor structures, we interpret the thick-skinned structures to essentially reflect the modern shortening direction, modulated but not dominated by pre-existing basement faults. Variations in local kinematics over time are probably due to strain partitioning in the anisotropic basement, not to changing far-field stresses. The occurrence of steep dip-slip reverse faults apparently unrelated to reactivation presents an unsolved mechanical paradox similar to some low-angle normal faults.
An Analysis of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) Perfusion Density Maps in Patients Treated for Retinal Vein Occlusion with Intravitreal Aflibercept

Aim: The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the reduction in non-perfusion area and improvement in blood flow as well as the reduction in retinal edema on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in patients with retinal vein occlusion treated with 2 mg intravitreal injections of aflibercept. Material and methods: Fifty eyes of nine patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and sixteen patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), aged 50 to 75 years, were collectively analyzed as retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The following parameters were analyzed: superficial vessel density (VDSF), deep vessel density (VDD), flow area in the outer retina (FAOR), choriocapillaris flow area (FACC), non-flow area (NFA) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Results: OCT-A revealed a reduction in macular edema. The most significant change in central retinal thickness (CRT) was observed between measurement timepoint “5” and the baseline (46%). The non-flow area was also reduced. Following a significant decrease in superficial vessel density 30 days after the first dose of aflibercept, a non-significant increase was noted at the subsequent timepoints. An increase was also found in deep vessel density and choriocapillaris flow area. Improvements in the above OCT-A parameters resulted in increased retinal blood flow and improved visual acuity. Conclusions: Patients with retinal vein occlusion treated with 2 mg aflibercept exhibited reduced macular edema and FAZ, increased vessel density, improved blood flow, and better visual acuity.
Fluvial Processes and Morphological Thresholds in Incised Channel Restoration

: Incised channels are those in which an imbalance between sediment transport capacity and sediment supply has led to degradation of their beds. This is a frequent response to stream channelization, changes in land use, or lowering of base level. If the degradation causes a critical bank-height threshold to be exceeded, which is dependent on the geotechnical properties of the bank materials, then bank failure and channel widening follow. Interdependent adjustments of channel slope and cross-sectional area occur until a new state of dynamic equilibrium with the imposed discharge and sediment load is attained. These geomorphic adjustments can be described and quantified by using location-for-time substitution and a model of channel evolution can be formulated. Three approaches to rehabilitation of the degraded channels are possible; geomorphic, engineering and rational. The rational approach, which integrates elements of both the engineering and geomorphic approaches, is based on the channel evolution model, and it generally involves control of grade, control of discharge, or a combination of both.
Microleakage and penetration capability of various pit and fissure sealants upon different sealant application techniques

Background Sealant application that yields superior marginal adaptation and deeper fissure penetration potentially improves success in preventive and restorative dentistry. This study evaluated the amount of in-vitro microleakage and penetration capabilities of different pit-fissure sealants as the effect of different application techniques. Material and Methods 160 freshly extracted human sound premolars, assigned as suitable for sealant application, selected and allocated randomly into 8 groups (n=20 teeth/group) and applied with different sealants including Embrace-Wetbond® (E), UltraSeal XT® (U), Clinpro™ (CL), Helioseal® (H), using either conventional (C) or induced application (I). The sealed teeth were thermocycling for 500 cycles between 5°C and 55°C with 30 seconds dwelling time. The tooth was coated with 2 layers of nail varnish, leaving 1 mm around the sealant margin, then immersed in 5% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. Subsequently, 2 pieces were segmented vertically in a buccolingual direction, yielding 4 surfaces/tooth for determination of microleakage and penetration proportion of sealant with polarized light microscopy (PLM) and image-J software. ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparisons were determined for significant differences (α=0.05). Sealant adaptability was detected using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results The highest microleakage was observed for EC, followed by CLC, HC, UC, CLI, HI, EI, and UI. The highest penetration was seen in UI, followed by HI, CLI, CLC, UC, HC, EI, and EC. ANOVA indicated significant differences in microleakage and penetration on the type of sealant and application method (p<0.05). SEM revealed that the I-application method significantly promoted less microleakage and better penetration than the C-application (p<0.05). Conclusions Microleakage and penetration capabilities of sealant are greatly affected by the types of sealant and the method by which the sealant is applied. U-sealant exhibited less microleakage and better penetration capability than others. I-application reduced microleakage, promoting enhanced penetration and adaptation, is the recommended sealant application. Key words:Microleakage, penetration, dental sealant.
The Impact of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on the Rainfall over Northeast Brazil

Abstract The response of the tropical atmosphere to the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere spring of 1984 is investigated. The methodology for investigation consists of comparing simulations with and without the global distribution of SST anomalies in the boundary conditions of the UCLA General Circulation Model (GCM). At low levels, the response includes weaker southeast trade winds over the Atlantic, increased precipitation off the northeast coast of Brazil, and reduced precipitation west of this region. The increased precipitation is due to enhanced convergence of moisture advected by the southeast trade winds, although the trades themselves are weaker. The results for the western equatorial Atlantic am in apparent agreement with the observed anomalous southern migration of the ITCZ in years with warm SST anomalies in the southern tropical Atlantic. There are strong anomalous trade winds over the Pacific extending east of the date line and weak wind anomalies over the ma.
Equivalent vadose zone steady state flow: An assessment of its capability to predict transport in a realistic combined vadose zone–groundwater flow system

The applicability of an equivalent steady state vadose zone flow model to a realistic transient three‐dimensional, heterogeneous, combined vadose zone–groundwater flow system was tested here. Two cases pertinent to semiarid regions and the presence (or absence) of an irrigated crop were analyzed and are presented in detail using the hydraulic properties from the Bet Dagan trench. In addition, the case of a more humid region characterized by additional summer precipitation and soils of different textures was analyzed and is discussed briefly. Results of the analyses suggested that when the water table is located at sufficiently large distance from the soil surface, the vadose zone can be divided conceptually into two distinct zones: a highly transient, near‐surface zone and a deeper, quasi steady state zone. Under these conditions, an equivalent steady state influx, obtained by averaging the cumulative flux of the net applied water over the relevant time period, may provide a relatively good approximation of the cumulative water flux that crossed the water table. As for solute transport, in all cases examined, the trajectories of the centroid of the solute plume and the mean and the standard deviation of the solute breakthrough curves at a given horizontal control plane, CP (expressed as functions of the cumulative flux crossing the pertinent horizontal CP), associated with the transient flows were in relatively good agreement with their counterparts associated with the equivalent steady state flows, particularly under noncropped conditions and when the soil texture is coarser. The main finding of this study is that for the case in which the water table is located at sufficiently large distance from the soil surface, equivalent steady state vadose zone flow may reconstruct the “true” solute BTC (or the solute travel time PDF) at a horizontal CP located in the vicinity of the water table depth. The latter finding applies to heterogeneous soils of different textures and to different atmospheric forcing conditions at the soil surface and in the presence (or absence) of vegetation and despite the fact that features of the transport unique to vadose zone transient flow (induced by the temporal fluctuations in the water table depth) cannot be reproduced by the equivalent steady state vadose zone flow.