Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in China using Baidu search index: an ARIMAX model approach

Background Existing researches have established a correlation between internet search data and the epidemics of numerous infectious diseases. This study aims to develop a prediction model to explore the relationship between the Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) epidemic trend in China and the Baidu search index. Methods Collect the number of new cases of PTB in China from January 2011 to August 2022. Use Spearman rank correlation and interaction analysis to identify Baidu keywords related to PTB and construct a PTB comprehensive search index. Evaluate the predictive performance of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and ARIMA with explanatory variable (ARIMAX) models for the number of PTB cases. Results Incidence of PTB had shown a fluctuating downward trend. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the PTB comprehensive search index and its incidence was 0.834 (P < 0.001). The ARIMA model had an AIC value of 2804.41, and the MAPE value was 13.19%. The ARIMAX model incorporating the Baidu index demonstrated an AIC value of 2761.58 and a MAPE value of 5.33%. Conclusions The ARIMAX model is superior to ARIMA in terms of fitting and predicting accuracy. Additionally, the use of Baidu Index has proven to be effective in predicting cases of PTB. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.23-00141.
Poison Attack and Poison Detection on Deep Source Code Processing Models

In the software engineering (SE) community, deep learning (DL) has recently been applied to many source code processing tasks, achieving state-of-the-art results. Due to the poor interpretability of DL models, their security vulnerabilities require scrutiny. Recently, researchers have identified an emergent security threat to DL models, namely poison attacks. The attackers aim to inject insidious backdoors into DL models by poisoning the training data with poison samples. The backdoors mean that poisoned models work normally with clean inputs but produce targeted erroneous results with inputs embedded with specific triggers. By using triggers to activate backdoors, attackers can manipulate poisoned models in security-related scenarios (e.g., defect detection) and lead to severe consequences. To verify the vulnerability of deep source code processing models to poison attacks, we present a poison attack approach for source code named CodePoisoner as a strong imaginary enemy. CodePoisoner can produce compilable and functionality-preserving poison samples and effectively attack deep source code processing models by poisoning the training data with poison samples. To defend against poison attacks, we further propose an effective poison detection approach named CodeDetector. CodeDetector can automatically identify poison samples in the training data. We apply CodePoisoner and CodeDetector to six deep source code processing models, including defect detection, clone detection, and code repair models. The results show that ① CodePoisoner conducts successful poison attacks with a high attack success rate (avg: 98.3%, max: 100%). It validates that existing deep source code processing models have a strong vulnerability to poison attacks. ② CodeDetector effectively defends against multiple poison attack approaches by detecting (max: 100%) poison samples in the training data. We hope this work can help SE researchers and practitioners notice poison attacks and inspire the design of more advanced defense techniques.
Mechanisms associated with post-stroke depression and pharmacologic therapy

Stroke is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases, which is the cause of long-term mental illness and physical disability, Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common neuropsychiatric complication after stroke, and its mechanisms are characterized by complexity, plurality, and diversity, which seriously affects the quality of survival and prognosis of patients. Studies have focused on and recognized neurotransmitter-based mechanisms and selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can be used to treat PSD. Neuroinflammation, neuroendocrinology, neurotrophic factors, and the site of the stroke lesion may affect neurotransmitters. Thus the mechanisms of PSD have been increasingly studied. Pharmacological treatment mainly includes SSRIs, noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA), anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin D, ect, which have been confirmed to have better efficacy by clinical studies. Currently, there is an increasing number of studies related to the mechanisms of PSD. However, the mechanisms and pharmacologic treatment of PSD is still unclear. In the future, in-depth research on the mechanisms and treatment of PSD is needed to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of clinical PSD.
Life as a Cosmic Phenomenon: The Socio-Economic Control of a Scientific

A major paradigm shift with potentially profound implications has been taking place over the past 3 decades at a rapidly accelerating pace. The Copernican revolution of half a millennium ago is now being extended to place humanity on the Earth in its correct cosmic perspective - an assembly of cosmically derived viral genes, no more, no less, pieced together over 4 billion years of geological history against the processes of Darwinian natural selection. The evidence for our cosmic ancestry has now grown to the point that to deny it is a process fraught with imminent danger. We discuss the weight of modern scientific evidence from diverse sources, the history of development of the relevant ideas, and the socio-economic and historical forces that are responsible for dictating the pace of change.
Exploring the synthesis, structure, and optoelectronic properties of lead-free halide perovskite Cs3Bi2I9 in single crystal and polycrystalline forms

In recent years, caesium bismuth iodide (Cs3Bi2I9), a lead (Pb)-free halide perovskite, has drawn more attention as a potential material than traditional semiconductor materials due to its lack of Pb toxicity and its outstanding stability against atmospheric air and moisture. Herein, the inverse temperature crystallization method is adopted to grow high-quality hexagonal-phase Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite single crystals. Furthermore, a Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite thin film is fabricated by a solution process using the two-step spin coating technique. A collective analysis of the structural properties, surface morphology, thermal stability, phase transition, and optoelectronic properties of these single crystal and polycrystalline thin films provides a comprehensive understanding and design strategy to develop environmentally stable, Pb-free, and high-performance photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices based on Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite. The findings of this study contribute to the advancement of perovskite-based technologies and pave the way for their successful integration into the renewable energy and optoelectronics industries.
Pharmacological and mechanical properties of isolated pig coronary veins

Recent successful cardiac transplantation from pig to non-human primates and the first pig-to-human transplantation has put the focus on the properties of the pig heart. In contrast to the coronary arteries, the coronary veins are less well characterized and the aim was to examine the mechanical and pharmacological properties of coronary veins in comparison to the arteries. Vessel segments from the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and the concomitant vein were isolated from pig hearts in cardioplegia and examined in vitro. The wall thickness, active tension and active stress at optimal circumference were lower in coronary veins, reflecting the lower intravascular pressure in vivo. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of myosin isoforms showed that the vein could be characterized as having a slower smooth muscle phenotype compared to the artery. Both vessel types contracted in response to the thromboxane agonist U46619 with EC50 values of about 20 nM. The artery contracted in response to acetylcholine. Precontracted arteries relaxed in noradrenaline and substance P. In contrast, the veins relaxed in acetylcholine, contracted in noradrenaline and were unresponsive to substance P. In conclusion, these results demonstrate significant differences between the coronary artery and vein in the smooth muscle properties and in the responses to sympathetic and parasympathetic stimuli.
Towards Unlocking/Tuning the Mott Transition Temperature in Alkaline-Doped Vanadium Oxide Thermochromic Coatings and Potential Green Air-Conditioning via Room Temperature VxOy-V-VxOy Layered Coatings

In this contribution, we validate for the first time that the near infrared-infrared (NIR-IR) modulation of the optical transmission (DTTRANS = T(TTMIT)) of vanadium oxide-based nanomaterials can be controlled or tuned via a genuine approach with a simultaneous drastic reduction of its Mott transition temperature TMIT. More accurately, we report a significant thermochromism in multilayered V2O5/V/V2O5 stacks equivalent to that of pure VO2 thin films but with a far lower transition temperature TMIT. Such a multilayered V2O5/V/V2O5 thermochromic system exhibited a net control or tunability of the optical transmission modulation in the NIR-IR (DTTRANS) via the nano-scaled thickness of the intermediate vanadium layer. In addition, the control of DTTRANS is accompanied by a noteworthy diminution of the Mott transition temperature TMIT from the bulk value of 68.8 °C to the range of 27.5–37.5 °C. The observed peculiar thermochromism in the multilayered V2O5/V/V2O5 is likely to be ascribed to a significant interfacial diffusion or an excessive interfacial stress/strain, and/or to an effective halide (Na, K, Ca) doping. This doping is driven by a significant diffusion from the borosilicate substrate surface towards the V2O5/V/V2O5 stacks. If the upscaling of this approach is validated, the current findings would contribute to advancing thermochromic nanomaterials and their applications in smart windows for managing solar heat and green air-conditioning technologies.
Biostratigraphic Revision of Middle Cretaceous Succession in South

Cenomanian succession (Sarvak Formation) is well distributed along Zagros area particularly in the south portion of the Zagros (Fars area). This study attempts to determine the precise biostratigraphic biozones of four stratigraphic sections selected from the Cenomanian strata south Zagros basin, including the sections of Nour Abad, Samghan, Doroodzan, and Arsanjan. The vertical distribution of the index foraminifers confirms a faunal assemblage of benthic and planktic foraminifers in the mentioned stratigraphic sections. The received Biostratigraphic data of this work reveals well developed benthic foraminifers and well distributed Cenomanian planktons in the uppermost lithostratigraphic part of the studied Sarvak exposures. However, the established biozones of the Sarvak Formation represent the Cenomanian age, which is similar to many recognized Cenomanian biozones in the Tethyan realm, whereas the foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Arsenjan stratigraphic column is assigned to the Late Albian to Early Cenomanian age. Since benthic foraminifers are well expanded in studied section of Sarvak Formation, the presence of pelagic biofacies is a proof of transgression in some studied sections. However, the established biozones support that geologic setting is the most factor which controls vertical distribution of foraminifers and other microfossils during the deposition of Sarvak Formation. The received biostratigraphic data of the Sarvak Formation determines subdivision of Cenomanian age in the South Zagros basin clearly.
Effects of irrigation termination date on cotton yield and fiber quality

One of the biggest problems facing cotton production on the Texas High Plains is fiber immaturity. Correct timing of the final irrigation in cotton may not only enhance crop maturity, but conserve water as well. It is suggested that irrigation termination shortly after physiological cutout may inhibit further vegetative growth, cause abscission of young fruit, and divert additional resources to existing fruit, changing fiber maturity. The objective of this research was to determine if proper irrigation termination will increase crop maturity rate and improve fiber quality without affecting yield. Studies were conducted at the Texas AgriLife Research Center in Halfway and the Texas Tech University Quaker Avenue Research Farm in 2010, and the Texas Tech University New Deal and Quaker Avenue Research Farms in 2011. Field sites with sub surface drip irrigation were used in both years. Three replications across nine zones of sub surface drip irrigation were used at each location, with the exception of the Quaker Farm location in 2011. This location used three irrigation zones with four replications stacked in these zones. The main plot treatments were timing of irrigation termination and the sub plot treatments were cultivar. Irrigation was stepped down by 33.34% for 3 consecutive weeks at nodes above white flower (NAWF) = 5 + 2 weeks, NAWF = 5 + 4 weeks, and at NAWF = 5 + 6 weeks, the irrigation was cut off. In 2011, the uppermost boll and flower were marked at physiological cutout and were observed for boll retention and development. Fiber samples were analyzed at the Texas Tech Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute for AFIS, HVI, and mini-spinning analyses. 182 2012 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Orlando, Florida, January 3-6, 2012
Computational Analysis of the Influence of Menopause and Ageing on Bone Mineral Density, Exploring the Impact of Bone Turnover and Focal Bone Balance—A Study on Overload and Underload Scenarios

This study aims to investigate the impact of hormonal imbalances during menopause, compounded by the natural ageing process, on bone health. Specifically, it examines the effects of increased bone turnover and focal bone balance on bone mass. A three-dimensional computational bone remodeling model was employed to simulate the response of the femur to habitual loads over a 19-year period, spanning premenopause, menopause, and postmenopause. The model was calibrated using experimental bone mineral density data from the literature to ensure accurate simulations. The study reveals that individual alterations in bone turnover or focal bone balance do not fully account for the observed experimental outcomes. Instead, simultaneous changes in both factors provide a more comprehensive explanation, leading to increased porosity while maintaining the material-to-apparent density ratio. Additionally, different load scenarios were tested, demonstrating that reaching the clinical osteoporosis threshold is independent of the timing of load changes. However, underload scenarios resulted in the threshold being reached approximately 6 years earlier than overload scenarios. These findings hold significant implications for strategies aimed at delaying the onset of osteoporosis and minimizing fracture risks through targeted mechanical stimulation during the early stages of menopause.
Aluminium chloride-induced prefrontal cortex toxicity in Wistar rats: evidence from pretreatment with aqueous Psidium guajava leaf extract

Aluminium is reported to be a very common element and one of the most abundant metals on Earth. Although aluminium is neurotoxic and linked to several brain disorders, reports indicate that antioxidants from natural sources can neutralise the toxic free radicals generated by aluminium. Consequently, this study evaluated the protective and antioxidative effects of Psidium guajava (GV) aqueous leaf extract on Aluminium-induced prefrontal cortex toxicity. Thirty (30) adult Wistar rats in six (6) groups were used for this experiment (n=5): Group A (control); Group B rats (Al) were given 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of Aluminium alone; Group C (Al + GV1) rats were given 100 mg/kg BW of Aluminium and 200mg/kg BW/day of aqueous GV leaf extract; Group D (Al + GV2) was administered 100 mg/kg BW of Al and 400 mg/kg BW of aqueous GV leaf extract; Group E (GV1) was administered 200 mg/kg BW of aqueous GV leaf extract alone and Group F (GV2) was administered 400 mg/kg BW of aqueous GV leaf extract alone. Following the end of administration, neurobehavioral, antioxidant enzymes, and prefrontal cortex histology assessments were done. Findings showed that Group B rats had a significant (p<0.05) decrease in final body and absolute brain weights, and antioxidant enzymes activity when compared to control. Likewise, a significant (p<0.05) decrease was observed in spontaneous alternation in rats treated with Al alone, thus indicating cognitive dysfunction. Conversely, following pretreatment with Psidium guajava, the alterations induced by Al were mitigated. Taken together, Psidium guajava showed a potent capability as a possible neuroprotective agent that can be useful for inhibiting Al-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunctions. Further investigations and development of this plant could offer a worthwhile substitute to other orthodox drugs currently used in the treatment and/or management of aluminium-related disorders.
Research on forest biomass in Xiaolong Mountains,Gansu Province.

In order to accurately estimate the size of carbon pool and the capacity of carbon sink in the forest region of Xiaolong Mountains,Gansu Province,this paper established regression equations of organ biomass of eight tree species such as Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata etc.;besides,it measured and investigated the biomass of different forest stand types,based on the data analyses from 1 259 standard sample plots and 836 standard sample stems.The results showed that stand biomass of eight stand types in Xiaolong Mountains,including Q. aliena var.acuteserrata,Pinus tabulaeformis,Q.variabilis,Populus-Betula,Larix spp. ,Pinus armandii,Picea-Abies,and hard broadleaved mixed forests,was as the followings:84.047 2,62.442 4,81.774 7,(77.436 7,) 68.998 2,70.069 5,96.486 5,98.723 5 t/hm~2.It also shows that the biomass of single log of each tree species is closely related with the trunk diameter and tree height;biomass of tree as well as stand volume are closely related with the average trunk diameter,average tree height and stand density.
Facile Extraction of Natural Hydroxyapatite (HA) from Biowaste and Its Characterizations

Natural Hydroxyapatite (HA) with chemical formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 is a major mineral storage form of calcium and phosphorous in bone and it has been applied in many fields. In the present study, HA was extracted from biowaste; namely the buffalo bone by alkaline hydrolysis process followed by calcination at 900°C with holding time 6 hrs. in muffle furnace. The isolated material was analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) etc. The SEM image suggested the isolated material had rod shaped and agglomerated. FTIR study indicated the phosphate and hydroxide were the major functional groups along with carbonate present in it. Further, XRD analysis inferred that the isolated material was only HA phased. The specific surface area of the isolated HA was determined by methylene blue adsorption method and it was found to be 141.12 m2 /g and pH point of zero charge (pHPZC) of the extracted biomaterial was determined to be 6.8 by pH the drift method. Thus the pure HA powder was synthesized by an environmentally friendly, cost effective method and may be applicable in many fields including waste water treatment and biomedicine etc.
Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance in a Mixed-Use Watershed and the Impact of Wastewater Treatment Plants on Antibiotic Resistance in Surface Water

The aquatic environment has been recognized as a source of antibiotic resistance (AR) that factors into the One Health approach to combat AR. To provide much needed data on AR in the environment, a comprehensive survey of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic residues was conducted in a mixed-use watershed and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) within the watershed to evaluate these contaminants in surface water. A culture-based approach was used to determine prevalence and diversity of ARB in surface water. Low levels of AR Salmonella (9.6%) and Escherichia coli (6.5%) were detected, while all Enterococcus were resistant to at least one tested antibiotic. Fewer than 20% of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (17.3%) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) (7.7%) were recovered. Six ARGs were detected using qPCR, primarily the erythromycin-resistance gene, ermB. Of the 26 antibiotics measured, almost all water samples (98.7%) had detectable levels of antibiotics. Analysis of wastewater samples from three WWTPs showed that WWTPs did not completely remove AR contaminants. ARGs and antibiotics were detected in all the WWTP effluent discharges, indicating that WWTPs are the source of AR contaminants in receiving water. However, no significant difference in ARGs and antibiotics between the upstream and downstream water suggests that there are other sources of AR contamination. The widespread occurrence and abundance of medically important antibiotics, bacteria resistant to antibiotics used for human and veterinary purposes, and the genes associated with resistance to these antibiotics, may potentially pose risks to the local populations exposed to these water sources.
Low-grade metamorphism in the Scottish Southern Uplands terrane: deciphering the patterns of accretionary burial, shearing and cryptic aureoles

ABSTRACT Systematic studies of metapelitic grade linked with the geological re-survey of the Southern Uplands have been used to generate a contoured metamorphic map currently covering nearly two-thirds of the terrane. These studies, based on approximately one pelite sample per 2·5 km2, have used XRD measurements of clay mineral reaction progress, particularly illite crystallinity, to delineate zones of diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism in the imbricated Ordovician and Silurian strata. The regional pattern revealed by metapelitic zonal sequences does not agree with earlier observations that grade increases across the strike, from SE to NW. Instead, the map shows considerable variations in metamorphic trends, including patterns of grade increasing from older into younger strata, indicative of accretionary burial. Other patterns identified include those generated by high strain rates in the Moniaive Shear Zone (MSZ), and by extensive low-temperature cryptic aureoles associated with late granitic intrusions. The present pattern is the result of uplift that generated normal movement on reactivated thrust faults and differential block movement on NW-trending faults. Regional metamorphic patterns were generated by burial and underplating in an accretionary thrust stack. Subduction was initiated in the early Caradoc and probably ceased in the early Wenlock. Metapelitic patterns suggest that two levels of accretion are exposed in the terrane. Strata accreted to the toe of the prism and stacked above the décollement zone are typically at late diagenetic grade. Underplated strata below the décollement are typically at anchizonal grades with moderate to well-developed slaty cleavage. Coherent thrust-bounded tracts of strata at both levels were rotated and buried to produce a syntectonic depth-controlled pattern of meta-morphism. Shear zone metamorphism at depths of 12 km or more was probably confined to the underplated lower level of the thrust stack, and Devonian granitic intrusions were also emplaced mainly within the underplated strata.