Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS AND RISK ASSESSMENTS ON FINANCIAL LITERACY: A CASE STUDY ON HOME PURCHASES

Owning a house is among the significant aspects of a productive lifestyle. However, the persistent rise in house prices has affected homeownership for low-income young adults. Due to the poor financial literacy among employed young adults in Malaysia, it is more difficult for them to own a home due to financial constraints. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the factors contributing to financial literacy and the potential risk associated with its absence among working young adults. The methodologies used in this study were the factor analysis approach and decision tree analysis. Note that this study investigates financial literacy among young adults. A questionnaire was utilized for gathering the data, and a convenient sampling technique was adopted for data collection. According to the findings, four variables influence financial literacy among working youths: financial knowledge, financial behavior, financial education, and financial attitude. Consequently, the factors listed in exploratory data analysis in these four variables have been summarized to examine the perceived risk of financial literacy among adolescents in terms of purchasing a home. Finally, this study contributes as a guideline for policymakers in offering structured awareness programmes to improve financial literacy as well as homeownership knowledge among working youths for their future financial resilience.
Detection of Monkeypox Using Modified ResNet50

Public health issues have been raised due to the widespread spread of monkeypox (MPX) across several nations. Effective treatment and management of MPX depend on early discovery and diagnosis. It is challenging for the medical community to create a new test kit at this early stage. When confirmatory polymerase chain tests are not always available, computerized histopathologic diagnosis of MPX can be very helpful for monitoring and rapid identification of reported cases. Here, this study presents a modified ResNet50, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, to distinguish between MPX and other skin diseases, classify them, and prevent gradient vanishing and over-fitting issues. To accomplish this, this research study analyzed the MPX detection accuracy rates of modified ResNet50 deep learning model. Evaluation metrics namely accuracy, recall, precision, sensitivity, false positive rate, and F1-score were used to evaluate the models' performance. This study has achieved a highest accuracy of 94.74%, a recall of 88.34%, a precision of 91.32%, specificity of 88.34%, false positive rate of 8.67%, and f1-score of 89.74% for binary classification. For three- class classification (MPX vs Chickenpox vs Normal) 76.49% of accuracy, 70% of precision, 74.43% of recall, 71.48% of f1-score, and 74.87% of specificity. Our results show that for MPX image classification, the improved Resnet50 technique works better than earlier models mentioned in the literature. These findings are encouraging because they demonstrate the potential of machine learning methods for the early diagnosis of MPX. In both the training and test sets, our algorithm was very accurate in classifying MPX, making it a potentially useful tool for rapid and precise diagnosis in clinics.
Social Change in the Kampung Sejahtera Village of Medan City, Indonesia

Aims: This study aims to analyze the social changes that have taken place in Kampung Sejahtera, Medan City, Indonesia. This social change was motivated by the community's desire to change the bad stigma attached to this area which is synonymous with drug trafficking, prostitution, gambling and other criminal acts into a village that is safe, comfortable, beautiful, prosperous and livable. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Kampung Sejahtera, Medan City, Indonesia. The research started from May 2022 to July 2023 Methodology: This study uses a qualitative approach. This qualitative approach was chosen to find out how social changes have occurred in the people living in the Prosperous Village of Medan City. The type of study used in this study is a case study. In simple terms, the case study in this study is defined as a process of in-depth and detailed investigation or examination of social change events that occurred in the Prosperous Village of Medan City. Results: Social change in Kampung Sejahtera, Medan City, Indonesia occurs through demographic processes, economic processes, ideas and social movements that have been going on for a long time. Conclusion: The social change that occurred in Kampung Sejahtera, Medan City was motivated by the people's desire to change the reputation of Kampung Kubur as a slum village and drug den inhabited by criminals to become a Prosperous Village that is safe, comfortable and conducive. The social changes that occurred in Kampung Sejahtera were generally initiated by figures from the community, government figures and the Police. The social changes that have occurred have changed the social structure that has occurred for the better. This can be seen in the reduction in drug trafficking and abuse, the creation of a better, beautiful and comfortable social environment as well as changes in the outside community's assessment of the bad reputation that was previously popular from Kampung Kubur to Kampung Sejahtera.
An Integrated Framework for Bird Recognition Using Dynamic Machine Learning-Based Classification

Bird recognition in computer vision poses two main challenges: high intra-class variance and low inter-class variance. High intra-class variance refers to the significant variation in the appearance of individual birds within the same species. Low inter-class variance refers to the limited visual differences between distinct bird species. In this paper, we propose a robust integrated framework for bird recognition using a dynamic machine learning-based technique. Our system is designed to identify over 11,000 species of birds based on multiple components. As part of this work, we propose two public datasets. The first one (E-Moulouya BDD) contains over 13k images of birds for detection tasks. While the second one (LaSBiRD) contains about 5M labelled images of 11k species. Our experiments yielded promising results, indicating the impressive performance of our system in detecting and classifying birds. With a mAP of 0.715 for detection and an accuracy rate of 96% for classification.
Two Cases of Durable and Deep Responses to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition-Refractory Metastatic Melanoma after Addition of Camu Camu Prebiotic

Camu camu (CC) is a prebiotic that selectively stimulates growth and activity of beneficial gut microbiota. Work in murine models demonstrated that castalagin, the active compound in CC, preferentially binds to beneficial gut microbiome bacteria, promoting a stronger CD8+T cell anti-cancer response. We present two patients with metastatic melanoma whose cancer progressed on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and developed clinically significant immune-related adverse events (irAEs). They were rechallenged with ICIs in combination with CC. The first patient is a 71-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma, whose ICI treatment was complicated by immune-related pneumonitis and colitis. Upon progression on maintenance nivolumab, CC was added to nivolumab, leading to a near complete response (CR). The second patient is a 90-year-old man with recurrent unresectable melanoma, treated with nivolumab, complicated by immune-related rash and diabetes. He developed new subcutaneous calf lesions and a metastatic popliteal lymph node. CC was added to nivolumab. One month later, the patient experienced a CR. Both patients have been on nivolumab and CC with durable responses for more than a year, with minimal irAEs. These two cases suggest that CC may modulate the microbiome, synergizing with ICIs to produce deep, durable responses with minimal irAEs.
A Game of Age of Incorrect Information Against an Adversary Injecting False Data

Remote sensing enables fast and cost-effective data collection and monitoring, but can be subject to the injection of false data by adversaries. We consider a remote transmitter that is sending status updates about a process to a receiver, incurring a cost when doing so. The system is modeled as transiting between two conditions, implying that the receiver may start with correct knowledge about the process, but this information may become obsolete due to a natural drift of the process toward another regime and the lack of updates by the transmitter. In normal conditions, the transmitter would estimate the age of incorrect information (AoII), a metric proposed in the literature to quantify the time elapsed from the last instant in which the receiver had correct knowledge about the process, to determine the required frequency of updates, balancing it with the transmission cost. We assume the presence of an adversary that may increase the process drift, also incurring its own cost when doing so. The resulting interaction can be analyzed through game theory, with the transmitter and the adversary as strategic players. We present an analysis to determine the conditions for the costs paid by the players and the consequences of their actions on the resulting system performance.
ShapeShifter: Protecting FPGAs from Side-Channel Attacks with Isofunctional Heterogeneous Modules

Cloud service providers are interested in deploying multi-tenant Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) for virtualized computation platforms. A primary concern towards such shared FPGA platforms is ensuring the security of critical applications (such as encryption cores) against hardware-based attacks, such as remote power Side-Channel Attacks (SCAs) intended to steal secret assets like encryption keys. To address this issue, we propose ShapeShifter, a novel defense methodology based on design diversity that generates isofunctional variants of the target application at the design stage using different synthesis, placement, and routing procedures. ShapeShifter leverages the dynamic partial reconfiguration feature of modern FPGAs to exchange the variants at run-time, causing dynamic variations in the power trace (vertical obfuscation) and introducing misalignment in the time domain (horizontal obfuscation) to thwart SCAs. ShapeShifter successfully thwarts the Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) attack on an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) implementation, ensuring unsuccessful key byte recovery for up to $10\times$ more traces. It also decreases the CPA value by $0.69\times$, reducing the attacker's confidence in key recovery.
Growing season carbon dioxide exchange of two contrasting peatland ecosystems

The CO2 flux of two peatlands in northern Alberta was examined during the 2004 growing season using eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), chamber measurements of total ecosystem respiration, and empirical models driven by meteorological inputs. The two ecosystems, a poor fen and an extreme-rich fen, differed significantly in plant species composition, leaf area index, aboveground biomass and surface water chemistry. The mean diurnal pattern of NEE at the peak of the season was similar between the sites, however, the extreme-rich fen had a higher photo synthetic and respiratory capacity than the poor fen. Over the 6 month study, the poor fen was shown to accumulate between 2 to 3 times more carbon than the extreme-rich fen despite having a lower photosynthetic capacity. The evergreen nature of the poor fen site allowed for a longer season of net CO2 uptake than the deciduous species that dominated the extreme-rich fen.
Mediating role of learned helplessness’ components in the association between health literacy/social support and self-management among maintenance haemodialysis patients in Changsha, China: a cross-sectional study

Objectives To explore the multiple mediating roles of the learned helplessness’s core system in the relationship between health literacy/social support and self-management. Design Cross-sectional survey design. Setting Changsha, China. Participants 239 Chinese maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods Two multiple mediator models were constructed based on the COM-B (Capacity, Opportunity, Motivation - Behaviour) model. A total of 239 Chinese MHD patients participated in a cross-sectional study, which included surveys on the Learned Helplessness Scale for MHD patients, Dialysis Knowledge Questionnaire, Social Support Scale and Self-Management Scale for Haemodialysis. The PROCESS macro in SPSS was used for mediated effects analysis. Results Helplessness and internality partially mediated the relationship between health literacy/social support and self-management ((β=−0.212, p<0.01; β=0.240, p<0.01)/(β=−0.331, p<0.001; β=0.376, p<0.001)). The mediation effect size was 0.780 (95% CI (0.373 to 1.218)) in the health literacy model, accounting for 45.29% of the total effect, and 0.286 (95% CI (0.207 to 0.377)) in the social support model, accounting for 57.88% of the total effect. The differences in effect sizes for helplessness and internality in the two models were −0.080 (95% CI (−0.374 to 0.216)) and −0.041 (95% CI (−0.127 to 0.043)), respectively. Conclusion Health literacy/social support directly affects MHD patients’ self-management and indirectly affects it by changing learned helplessness, such as increasing internality while reducing helplessness.
Wideband and Reconfigurable Vector Antenna Using Radiation Pattern Diversity for 3-D Direction-of-Arrival Estimation

The direction finding performances of a novel passive, wideband, and radiation pattern (RP) reconfigurable vector antenna (VA) are reported. Accurate estimation of the direction of arrival (DoA) of incoming electromagnetic (EM) fields across the 3-D half-space is obtained over a 1.69:1 impedance bandwidth from the RP reconfigurability of a four-port VA. This antenna consists of only two orthogonal and colocated semicircular arrays of Vivaldi antennas. Due to its reconfigurability, more RPs can be used in addition to those commonly employed in standard VAs to estimate the DoA of incoming EM fields. A new method based on the Cramer–Rao lower bound is proposed in order to select the RP diversity that improves the estimation accuracy across the overall bandwidth. The measured and simulated results are found in good agreement. This paper brings a further step toward developing new concepts of reconfigurable VAs.
Acute Focal Seizures Start As Local Synchronizations of Neuronal Ensembles

Understanding seizure formation and spread remains a critical goal of epilepsy research. We used fast in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in male mouse neocortex to reconstruct, with single-cell resolution, the dynamics of acute (4-aminopyridine) focal cortical seizures as they originate within a spatially confined seizure initiation site (intrafocal region), and subsequently propagate into neighboring cortical areas (extrafocal region). We find that seizures originate as local neuronal ensembles within the initiation site. This abnormal hyperactivity engages increasingly larger areas in a saltatory fashion until it breaks into neighboring cortex, where it proceeds smoothly and is then detected electrophysiologically (LFP). Interestingly, PV inhibitory interneurons have spatially heterogeneous activity in intrafocal and extrafocal territories, ruling out a simple role of inhibition in seizure formation and spread. We propose a two-step model for the progression of focal seizures, where neuronal ensembles activate first, generating a microseizure, followed by widespread neural activation in a traveling wave through neighboring cortex during macroseizures. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We have used calcium imaging in mouse sensory cortex in vivo to reconstruct the onset of focal seizures elicited by local injection of the chemoconvulsant 4-aminopyridine. We demonstrate at cellular resolution that acute focal seizures originate as increasingly synchronized local neuronal ensembles. Because of its spatial confinement, this process may at first be undetectable even by nearby LFP electrodes. Further, we establish spatial footprints of local neural subtype activity that correspond to consecutive steps of seizure microprogression. Such footprints could facilitate determining the recording location (e.g., inside/outside an epileptogenic focus) in high-resolution studies, even in the absence of a priori knowledge about where exactly a seizure started.
Swedish preschool student teachers’ views on family–(pre)school partnerships

International studies indicate that preservice teachers are inadequately prepared to conduct effective family–school partnerships (FSP), and first-year preschool teachers may find working with families especially challenging. This issue calls for more attention in teacher-training programs toward preparing teachers with sufficient competence for FSP. This study is intended to provide knowledge about Swedish preschool student teachers’ perceptions and experiences working with FSP to inform development areas within teacher education. Data were collected using an online survey of 153 preschool student teachers. The results show that most participants have a positive view of FSP based on their knowledge and previous experience. Communication is regarded as the most important prerequisite but also one of the top challenges. However, they estimate their preparedness to work with parents at varying levels and recognize that competence is created and developed through experience and a reflective approach. It calls for more practical training in combination with theoretical knowledge in teacher education to prepare future preschool teachers to work with families effectively.
European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research : 20th ESA Symposium : 22-26 May 2011, Hyère, France

Since m any years so unding roc kets an d s tratospheric balloons have played a crucial role in implementing the German Space Science, Microgra vity Research, Ea rth Observation, an d Tech nology D evelopment p rogrammes. Recently, their de dicated utilisation i n the education process of st udents of space science and technology di sciplines became an ad ditional an d exciting element. T he Ge rman Space Agency DLR manages all th ese activ ities an d funds t he related experiments by grants. Using rockets and bal loons the current research focus in Space Science is the m esosphere and ionosphere of the Ea rth a s well as t he at mosphere of t he s un. In Microgravity Research, the fields of l ife a nd physical sciences benefit from medium-duration r ocket ex periments. In Ea rth Ob servation bal loon-borne m easurements are c onducted for the validation of a tmospheric sounding in struments o n th e ENVISAT satellite. New technology is being developed for the next hypersonic re-entry flight of a SHEFEX rocket. The first REXUS / BEXUS stud ent activ ities un der th e au spices o f th e Swedish-German stud ent pr ogramme were conducted in 2008.
Fragmentation Aware, Resource Efficient Protection with Fast Failure Recovery in Transparent OFDM Optical Grids/Clouds

Due to high spectral efficiency and flexibility of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology, OFDM based optical grids/clouds are fast replacing WDM grids/clouds. As grids and clouds process data intensive tasks, protection of optical grids and clouds from an arbitrary fiber-cut is extremely important. Employing a protection scheme leads to idle resource reservation and also data is continuously lost till protection (backup) paths become operational after a link failure. So, a protection scheme should not only minimize reservation of idle resources, it must also make the network recover quickly from a failure. In a dynamic scenario, another important issue is spectral fragmentation which leads to increased blocking of requests. In this paper, we address the problem of providing protection to OFDM based transparent optical grids/clouds ensuring fast failure recovery with minimizing of both resource consumption and spectral fragmentation to the extent possible. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to address the said problem for transparent OFDM optical grids/clouds. Performance comparisons show that the proposed polynomial-time algorithm Fragmentation-aware Resource-efficient Protection with Fast Recovery (FRPFR) improves bandwidth blocking ratio by 14.09%.
Inflammatory Determinants and Associated Morbidity in Hemodialysis Patients

Hemodialysis deteriorates patients’ physical, metabolic, and mental status. Clinical outcomes derived from inflammation determine a worse status but are less frequently identified. The objective of the study was to identify inflammatory determinants and the effect of SNP-related serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels on associated morbidity in hemodialysis. A sample of hemodialysis patients at IMSS Regional Hospital No.46 in Guadalajara (n = 85) were tested using the Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess the associated morbidity. Serum cytokine levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique was used for analysis of IL-6-572C/G and IL-10-1082A/G. Using data visualization methods, we identified relevant determinants of inflammation. A simple regression model was constructed between predictors and targets with genotypes as covariates. Results showed malnutrition in 85.9% of patients and depressive symptoms in 50.6%. IL-10 was the most relevant inflammatory determinant, with regression coefficients (R2) between 0.05 and 0.11. The GG genotype of IL-10-1082 A/G evinced small effect on both clinical outcomes (δ of 0.35 and 0.37, respectively). Hemodialysis increases the associated morbidity, cytokines act as inflammatory determinants, and genetic variability contributes to the severity of clinical outcomes. Further studies need to refine the causal relationship between inflammation and CKD.
Determinants associated with deprivation in multimorbid patients in primary care—A cross-sectional study in Switzerland

Background Deprivation usually encompasses material, social, and health components. It has been shown to be associated with greater risks of developing chronic health conditions and of worse outcome in multimorbidity. The DipCare questionnaire, an instrument developed and validated in Switzerland for use in primary care, identifies patients subject to potentially higher levels of deprivation. To identifying determinants of the material, social, and health profiles associated with deprivation in a sample of multimorbid, primary care patients, and thus set priorities in screening for deprivation in this population.
Pressure impulse theory for a slamming wave on a vertical circular cylinder

A pressure impulse model is presented for wave impact on vertical circular cylinders. Pressure impulse is the time integral of the pressure during an impact of short time scale. The model is derived for a simplistic geometry and has relative impact height, crest length and cylinder radius as effective variables. The last parameter, the maximum angle of impact, is free and can be calibrated to yield the right force impulse. A progression of simpler pressure impulse models are derived in terms of a three-dimensional box generalization of the two-dimensional wall model and an axisymmetric model for vertical cylinders. The dependence on the model parameters is investigated in the simpler models and linked to the behaviour of the three-dimensional cylinder model. The model is next validated against numerical results for a wave impact for a phase- and direction-focused wave group. The maximum impact angle is determined by calibration against the force impulse. A good match of the pressure impulse fields is found. Further comparison to the force impulse of two common models in marine engineering reveals improved consistency for the present model. The model is found to provide a promising representation of the pressure impulse field, based on a limited number of input parameters. Its further validation and potential as a robust tool in force and response prediction is discussed.