Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disruption of cellular proteostasis by H1N1 influenza A virus causes α-synuclein aggregation

Significance Synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease feature deposition of misfolded α-synuclein. It is likely that cellular proteostasis compensates for misfolded α-synuclein to some extent, but, once exhausted, α-synuclein can form seeds for a prion-like spread in the brain. Here, we demonstrate that, in human dopaminergic neurons and in mouse brain, H1N1 influenza virus induces aggregation of α-synuclein by blocking protein degradation pathways. Following intranasal instillation, H1N1 spreading along the olfactory route into brain areas mimics α-synuclein deposits in synucleinopathies. H1N1 may therefore be considered a risk factor for synucleinopathies that could potentially be minimized by regular vaccination. On the contrary, H1N1 tropism for olfactory epithelium suggests that live attenuated virus vaccines should be investigated for possible long-term effects on protein misfolding. Neurodegenerative diseases feature specific misfolded or misassembled proteins associated with neurotoxicity. The precise mechanisms by which protein aggregates first arise in the majority of sporadic cases have remained unclear. Likely, a first critical mass of misfolded proteins starts a vicious cycle of a prion-like expansion. We hypothesize that viruses, having evolved to hijack the host cellular machinery for catalyzing their replication, lead to profound disturbances of cellular proteostasis, resulting in such a critical mass of protein aggregates. Here, we investigated the effect of influenza virus (H1N1) strains on proteostasis of proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases in Lund human mesencephalic dopaminergic cells in vitro and infection of Rag knockout mice in vivo. We demonstrate that acute H1N1 infection leads to the formation of α-synuclein and Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) aggregates, but not of tau or TDP-43 aggregates, indicating a selective effect on proteostasis. Oseltamivir phosphate, an antiinfluenza drug, prevented H1N1-induced α-synuclein aggregation. As a cell pathobiological mechanism, we identified H1N1-induced blocking of autophagosome formation and inhibition of autophagic flux. In addition, α-synuclein aggregates appeared in infected cell populations connected to the olfactory bulbs following intranasal instillation of H1N1 in Rag knockout mice. We propose that H1N1 virus replication in neuronal cells can induce seeds of aggregated α-synuclein or DISC1 that may be able to initiate further detrimental downstream events and should thus be considered a risk factor in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies or a subset of mental disorders. More generally, aberrant proteostasis induced by viruses may be an underappreciated factor in initiating protein misfolding.
Understanding Patient Anxieties in the Social Media Era: Qualitative Analysis and Natural Language Processing of an Online Male Infertility Community

Background Couples struggling with infertility are increasingly turning to the internet for infertility-related content and to connect with others. Most of the published data on infertility and the internet only address the experiences of women, with limited studies focusing exclusively on internet discussions on male factor infertility. Objective The aim of this study was to understand the concerns and experiences of discussants on an online male infertility community and to provide insight into their perceptions of interactions with health care professionals. Methods Using the large-scale data analytics tool BigQuery, we extracted all posts in the r/MaleInfertility community (877 members) of the social media website and discussion board Reddit from November 2017 to October 2018. We performed a qualitative thematic analysis and quantitative semantic analysis using Language Inquiry and Word Count 2015 of the extracted posts to identify dominant themes and subthemes of discussions. Descriptive statistics and semantic analytic Z-scores were computed. Results From the analysis of 97 posts, notable themes and subthemes emerged: 70 (72%) posts shared personal experiences, including feeling emasculated or isolated or describing a negative (28/97, 29%), positive (13/97, 13%), or neutral (56/97, 58%) experience with a health care professional; 19% (18/97) of the posts posed questions about personal semen analysis results. On the basis of semantic analysis, posts by men had higher authenticity scores (Z=3.44; P<.001), suggesting more honest or personal texts, but lower clout scores (Z=4.57; P<.001), suggesting a more tentative or anxious style of writing, compared with posts by women. Conclusions To our knowledge, this study represents the first evaluation of a social media community focused exclusively on male infertility using mixed methodology. These results suggest a role for physicians on social media to engage with patients and connect them to accurate resources, in addition to opportunities to improve in-office patient education.
Knowledge and attitudes of Spanish mental health professionals towards advance healthcare directives.

INTRODUCTION Advance healthcare directives (AHDs) in mental health offer important information regarding service users' preferences. However, whether AHDs are truly understood by providers is questionable. AIM To survey the knowledge and attitudes of mental health professionals towards AHDs and examine any associations with socio-demographic and occupational variables. METHOD We cross-sectionally surveyed the knowledge and attitudes of 113 mental health professionals by using two validated questionnaires. RESULTS Participants showed very positive attitudes and high levels of knowledge about the conceptual definition and application of AHDs in clinical practice but their knowledge of the legalities, procedure and registration of AHDs was poor. Working in a community, having a career specializing in mental health, or having personally signed an AHD was associated with enhanced knowledge about them. Moreover, female sex or employment as an auxiliary nursing-care technician was associated with stronger positive attitudes. DISCUSSION Legal and structural changes will be needed to implement AHDs in Spain and to promote competence among healthcare providers in order to include AHDs in everyday practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The Spanish mental healthcare system requires legal and structural changes and must improve healthcare providers' competence in AHDs before they are implemented.
Peer Effects in Secondary Education: Evidence from the 2015 Trends in Mathematics and Science Study Based on Homophily

In the research on peer effects, unweighted mean classroom performance is the predominant measure used in the estimation of education production functions. In this paper, based on the sociological concept of homophily, I introduce social network matrices that correspond to a weighting scheme for peers in the same class at school. Using spatial regression techniques, I confirm the presence of peer effects for the eighth grade population in the USA in the TIMSS 2015 student assessment. For students, the likelihood of cooperation increases conditionally on visible and non-visible characteristics, such as age, gender, migratory background, and attitudes towards scholastic achievement. This grouping behavior is found to affect the spillover effects of student variables, such as gender and language skills. The main findings are robust to various definitions of the social network matrix, as well as to the inclusion of teacher fixed effects.
Diet of endangered Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the Aleutian Islands: new insights from DNA detections and bioenergetic reconstructions

The endangered western stock of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)) still declines in the western Aleutian Islands and accurate diet information is vital to test leading hypotheses. We undertook the first bioenergetic diet reconstruction using both molecular and hard part prey identifications from >600 scats collected in March–April 2008 and 2012. Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas, 1810)) remained a primary prey (17%–27% by energy), but large (mean 60 cm) Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810) also emerged as important prey (20%–24%) in a more diverse diet than previously reported, with Cottidae and smooth lumpsucker (Aptocyclus ventricosus (Pallas, 1769)) also contributing 10%. DNA detections highlighted a potentially important and previously underestimated prey, giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910) (diet contribution 2%–15%, dependent on prey size assumptions). Although 504 unique DNA identifications resulted in significant increases for cephalopods, Pacific cod, and smooth lumpsucker, hard part alone species rankings were similar to composite ones and bioenergetic species rankings similar to occurrence-based ones. Retention or regurgitation of large cephalopod beaks, the removal of large cod heads, and skeletal fragility of lumpsuckers may explain these differences. DNA identifications provide valuable comparative and complementary prey occurrence data for pinnipeds, but composite diet estimates are optimal.
The Role of an Interactive Visual Learning Tool and Its Personalizability in Online Learning: Flow Experience

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of interactive online learning tools on college student learning using flow as the guiding perspective. Study 1 was conducted to test the effect of online interactivity manipulated by dynamic visual learning tools on student’s flow experience, level of telepresence, actual performance in test, and perceived values of such activities. Study 2 was designed to test the effect of personalizability of difficulty levels in the interactive online activity on students’ learning experience. The results found that interactive online learning tools can facilitate student’s active learning process by increasing attention, curiosity, and interest about the online activity, and by reducing awareness of physical surroundings. In addition, the interactive activity significantly improved students’ test scores. This study also found that personalized difficulty options available in the interactive online activity significantly increased students’ perceived hedonic value (i.e., enjoyment) of and the level of satisfaction with the activity. The results emphasize the critical role of interactive visual learning tool in the online activities in improving students’ flow experience and actual performance. Personalizability of task levels is also recommended to be used in online activities to increase students’ perceived hedonic value and satisfaction with such online activities.
The power of microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in liquid biopsies

In the last decades, progresses in medical oncology have ameliorated the treatment of patients and their outcome. However, further improvements are still necessary, in particular for certain types of tumors such as pancreatic, gastric, and lung cancer as well as acute myeloid leukemia where early detection and monitoring of the disease are crucial for final patient outcome. Liquid biopsy represents a great advance in the field because it is less invasive, less time-consuming, and safer compared to classical biopsies and it can be useful to monitor the evolution of the disease as well as the response of patients to therapy. Liquid biopsy allows the detection of circulating tumor cells, nucleic acids, and exosomes not only in blood but also in different biological fluids: urine, saliva, pleural effusions, cerebrospinal fluid, and stool. Among the potential biomarkers detectable in liquid biopsies, microRNAs (miRNAs) are gaining more and more attention, since they are easily detectable, quite stable in biological fluids, and show high sensitivity. Many data demonstrate that miRNAs alone or in combination with other biomarkers could improve the diagnostic and prognostic power for many different tumors. Despite this, standardization of methods, sample preparation, and analysis remain challenging and a huge effort should be made to address these issues before miRNA biomarkers can enter the clinic. This review summarizes the main findings in the field of circulating miRNAs in both solid and hematological tumors.
Relationships between bullies, victims and mental health issues among adolescents

The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationships between bullies, victims and mental health among adolescents in Maldives. The study investigates the types of bullying and victimization common among adolescent boys and girls. The study also investigate the types of mental health among adolescents in Maldives. Furthermore, this study investigates the moderating effects of gender and age on the relationship between bullies, victims and mental health among adolescents in Maldives. The research adopts a cross sectional quantitative survey method. Adolescents Peer Relation Inventory (APRI) for bullying and Mental Health Index (MHI38) were used as research instruments. A total of 460 survey questionnaires were analyzed in this study. The target group of this study were adolescents between 11 to 16 years. Descriptive data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22 and Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS were used to analysis the hypotheses. Findings suggest that verbal bullying is the most common type of bullying among males and females. Findings on victimization suggests that 85% of adolescents have been targets to all forms of bullying. The relationship between bullying others and mental health revealed a non-recursive relationship whereby, bullying others and mental health have significant negative relationship (-.96) and mental health and bullying others have a significant positive relationship (.96). Findings on moderating factors on the relationship revealed that age and gender does not moderate on this relationship. The study opens new doors for practitioners as well as policies makers on formulating positive interventions strategies such as engaging students in positive behaviours, peer counseling and nurturing empathy so that peers help each other in promoting healthy behaviour in school environment. The study looks through the lens of biopsychosocial model in order to provide insight into bullying. The study provides insight on understanding of the complexity of the life stressors that influence adolescents to engage as bullies and victims.
Height, Weight, External Pelvic Diameters And Cesarean Section: ACohort Study In Southern Province Of Rwanda (Huye District)

Height, weight, and some pelvic external diameters have been associated to primary and elective repeat cesarean section in African women. This study aimed at looking for possible relation between cesarean section rate and the abovementioned parameters in order to identify cutoff sizes allowing a timely screening of contracted pelvis at antenatal settings in our environment. A group of 152 parturients was considered out of 312 nulliparae who participated in a previous cross-sectional study on external pelvimetry at antenatal care settings in Huye District / Southern Province of Rwanda. In this prospective, longitudinal, and descriptive study, parturients were blindly delivered and operated of babies with vertex presentation by midwives, general practitioners, and specialists who did not take part in the cross-sectional survey. Results were as following: (1) cesarean section progressively decreased as height increased (< 150 cm: 33.3 %; 150 – 159 cm: 20.7 %; 160 – 169 cm: 17.9 %; ≥ 170 cm: 10 %; p = 0.412); (2) cesarean section rate was inversely proportionate to weight ( < 50 Kg: 35.7 %; 50 – 59 Kg: 23 %; ≥ 60 Kg: 15.6 %; p = 0.211); (3) pelvic sizes below determined cutoff levels (i.e. Mean – SD) showed high rates of cesarean section (Biiliac: < 22 cm - 31.3 % vs ≥ 22 cm - 19.9 %, p = 0.290; ASIID: < 20 cm - 22.2 % vs ≥ 20 cm - 21 %, p = 0.929; Intertrochanter : <26 cm - 28.1 % vs ≥ 26 cm - 19.2 %, p = 0.269; Antero-Posterior: < 17 cm - 28.1 % vs ≥ 17 cm - 19.2 %, p = 0.269; Intertuberous: < 8 cm - 55.6 % vs ≥ 8 cm - 18.9 %, p = 0.009; Base of Trillat’s triangle: < 11 cm - 100 % vs ≥ 11 cm - 18.9 %, p = 0.000). However, the weight aspect has to be relativized since it does not represent either the prepregnancy situation or the full gain at delivery. In conclusion, most accurate studies on more important population sizes are needed to assess the relationship between cesarean section and all these pelvic and anthropometric parameters. In case of strong and significant relationship, external pelvimetry used in relation to anthropometric parameters with a full knowledge of the clinical evolution could represent a helpful tool to predict contracted pelvis before and mostly during labor in resource-limited countries.
Computational Models for the Static and Dynamic Analyses of Laminated Composite Plates

The present study is to assess the accuracy of the few computational models based on various shear deformation theories in predicting the static and dynamic behaviour of antisymmetric angle-ply laminated composite plates. In the present investigation two higher order refined computational models incorporate the laminate deformations which account for the effects of both transverse shear and normal deformation and a non-linear variation of in-plane displacements are used. In addition to above, few higher order models and the first order model developed by other investigators and available in the literature are also considered for the evaluation. The equations of equilibrium are obtained using Principle of Minimum Potential Energy and the equations of motion using Hamilton’s principle. Solutions are obtained in closed-form using Navier’s solution technique. The solutions of the static analysis are obtained by solving the boundary value problem and the natural frequencies are obtained by solving the eigenvalue problem. The accuracy of the solutions obtained from the different models are established by comparing the results with the solutions wherever available in the literature. Results generated independently using the various models are presented for antisymmetric angle ply composite plates which will serve as benchmark solutions for future investigations.
ANALYSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MONEY MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL INTERACTION OF THE HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL BOYS

Discipline is one of the most effective factors in learning process. In the modern educational plans, the main purpose of discipline is to create the educational environment and opportunities for learning process. Indeed, discipline is an instrument for realizing the high educational goals that leads to the students’ growth and progress in every dimension. In order to this, the student will acquire a level of self-discipline and self-control. The main objective of this study is to examine the significant relationship between money management and social interaction factors of self discipline. It basically used the descriptive research design in carrying out the study and in selecting the respondents, random sampling were undertaken to 63 students in Government Higher Secondary school Handwara in rural District Kupwara of Jammu & Kashmir state, India. The structured questionnaires were used to gather the information Data were analyzed using statistical tools such as frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, regression and correlation. Findings of the study revealed that 100% were boys under the age group of 16 years. Majority of boy’s father’s occupation was employee and 84.1 per cent of the mother’s functioning as house wife/home maker. Mean responses of money management and social interaction showed that there was no significant difference between money management and social interaction of the students. Money management and social interaction showed a positive no significant correlation at 1% level. Both self discipline factors have an impact on students’ discipline behavior at school with 0.001 where the results were not statistically significant 1% level. This may be due to money management and social interactions among the students, whom cannot able to manage the money spending for their personnel factors and cannot, have social assessment between family and friends. This can be interpreted that as the money management and social interaction factors were related together for a student’s activity at school and home. Interestingly, the studying hours which are used to be a predictor of students’ academic performance is found to have no relationship to academic performance that can also be interpreted that, regardless of whether the student spent short or long time with their studies, the results might be the same.
Composite Content Influence on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes-SiO2 Film Humidity Sensors at AC Testing

MWNT –SiO2 composite film humidity sensors with different MWNTs proportions were fabricated and their performances under alternating current testing signals are investigated. Influence of MWNT content on humidity sensing characteristics of the sensors is explored and explained by vapor adsorption and capillary condensation effect. It is proved that 60% MWNT content sensors have humidity sensitivity of 1500% at 400 kHz testing frequency, much higher than those with other MWNT contents. In sensors’ sensitivity-frequency relation, maximum sensitivity comes from frequency section of 400kHz to 500kHz for sensors with higher MWNTs proportions.
In-Flight Air Density Estimation and Prediction for Hypersonic Flight Vehicles

It has been shown that freestream velocity disturbances may cause substantial aeroelastic and aerothermal loading on a hypersonic flight vehicle due to the inadvertent formation of shock waves and rapid changes in air density. We present here a novel state estimation framework to determine and predict the air density acting on a hypersonic flight vehicle. Our approach is comprised of a learning algorithm that updates the air density estimate given observations made by conventional inertial measurement unit sensors earlier on in flight, while exploiting known maximum bounds on acceleration changes and angular rates in the given flight regime. The primarymotivation for this research is to enable predictivemaneuvering so as to anticipate density perturbations, thereby alleviating aerothermal loads. Previous related work has seen many applications in the field of low speed aeronautics, relying on Kalman andmoving average window filters, which suffice only in the case of low frequency changes, require heuristics in tuning them, and are not applicable to the high frequency flow perturbations that are experienced in hypersonic flight. We demonstrate the proposed approach by applying it to the entry trajectory of theMars Phoenix lander. The atmospheric properties obtained by applying our methodology to this test case are validated using previous trajectory reconstruction efforts and the NASA Mars-GRAM 2010 atmospheric model, allowing for validation of the estimate atmospheric properties generated by the present algorithm.