Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Rupture Models, Fault Interaction and Ground Motion Simulations for the Segmented Húsavík‐Flatey Fault Zone, Northern Iceland

The Húsavík‐Flatey Fault Zone (HFFZ) is the largest strike‐slip fault in Iceland and poses a high seismic risk to coastal communities. To investigate physics‐based constraints on earthquake hazards, we construct three fault system models of varying geometric complexity and model 79 3‐D multi‐fault dynamic rupture scenarios in the HFFZ. By assuming a simple regional prestress and varying hypocenter locations, we analyze the rupture dynamics, fault interactions, and the associated ground motions up to 2.5 Hz. All models account for regional seismotectonics, topo‐bathymetry, 3‐D subsurface velocity, viscoelastic attenuation, and off‐fault plasticity, and we explore the effect of fault roughness. The rupture scenarios obey earthquake scaling relations and predict magnitudes comparable to those of historical events. We show how fault system geometry and segmentation, hypocenter location, and prestress can affect the potential for rupture cascading, leading to varying slip distributions across different portions of the fault system. Our earthquake scenarios yield spatially heterogeneous near‐field ground motions modulated by geometric complexities, topography, and rupture directivity, particularly in the near‐field. The average ground motion attenuation characteristics of dynamic rupture scenarios of comparable magnitudes and mean stress drop are independent of variations in source complexity, magnitude‐consistent and in good agreement with the latest regional empirical ground motion models. However, physics‐based ground motion variability changes considerably with fault‐distance and increases for unilateral compared to bilateral ruptures. Systematic variations in physics‐based near‐fault ground motions provide important insights into the mechanics and potential earthquake hazard of large strike‐slip fault systems, such as the HFFZ.
The acceptance of a smartphone application for disaster: technology acceptance model approach

This paper aimed to investigate user acceptance toward the smartphone-based disaster application namely SIDINA application through technology acceptance model (TAM). This study was conducted in Pati regency, Central Java Province in 2019. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to village leaders or village apparatus in villages that experiencing floods in Pati. Purposeful sampling was selected as a sampling method with a sampling size of as many as 87 people. The results of the analysis prove that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) had a significant effect on the intention to use (IU) SIDINA app. Perceived usefulness became probably the main determinant of using the app. Meanwhile, having several technical limitations (not user-friendly) probably reduced the intention of using it. This study suggested the local government in particular application developers to overcome technical barriers and later, intensify the promotion of SIDINA app to society.
The First Photometric and Spectroscopic Studies of ASASSN-V J015428.67+204247.2 and its Relation to the Population of Low Mass Ratio Contact Binaries

We performed photometric, spectroscopic and orbital period investigations of ASASSN-V J015428.67+204247.2 (hereafter, J015428) for the first time. The light curves of VRI bands were obtained. Through the analysis of Wilson–Devinney program, J015428 was found as an A-subtype medium contact binary system with a low-mass ratio (q = 0.129, f = 26.8%). The atmospheric parameters were determined in spectroscopic analysis. In the orbital period investigations, we found that the orbital period of J015428 decreases at the rate of −7.13 × 10−8 day yr−1. And the long-term orbital period decrease is possibly due to angular momentum loss (AML). The absolute parameters was calculated with the photometric solutions and Gaia distance. Through the analyses of mass–radius and mass–luminosity diagrams of 54 contact binaries with the low mass ratios (0.096 ≤ q ≤ 0.15), the evolutionary states of low mass ratio binaries were investigated. The results by analyzing the energy transfer parameter indicated that energy transfer rate was a function of mass and bolometric luminosity ratio. We estimated the initial masses and the densities of two components and the age of the binary. The analysis of the orbital angular momentum supposed that J015428 may evolved from a short-period detached binary by AML. J015428 is in a stable contact stage at present.
Effect of mulching on soil loss and total N through erosion during upland rice planting season on latosol

Erosion is a natural phenomenon in the form of erosion of the upper soil surface by the movement of water, therefore soil conservation actions are carried out, one of which is the provision of organic matter. This research was conducted on the Kemang Bogor latosol with a soil slope of 7, 9 and 14 percent which was given organic material in the form of mulch as much as 3 tons/ha and 6 tons/ha which was spread evenly over the soil surface, and included and mixed evenly into the soil. The results showed that the application of mulch and slope had a significant effect on soil loss and total N through erosion. Giving mulch can suppress erosion and spread over the soil surface more effectively. Applying mulch to soils with a slope of 7 and 9 percent can suppress erosion which can still be allowed, while on soils with a slope of 14 percent, it should be as much as 6 tons/ha.
Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative: A Milestone-Based Strategy to Monitor PD Progression

Background: Identifying a meaningful progression metric for Parkinson's disease (PD) that reflects heterogeneity remains a challenge. Objective: To assess the frequency and baseline predictors of progression to clinically relevant motor and non-motor PD milestones. Methods: Using data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) de novo PD cohort, we monitored 25 milestones across six domains ("walking and balance"; "motor complications"; "cognition"; "autonomic dysfunction"; "functional dependence"; "activities of daily living"). Milestones were intended to be severe enough to reflect meaningful disability. We assessed the proportion of participants reaching any milestone; evaluated which occurred most frequently; and conducted a time-to-first-event analysis exploring whether baseline characteristics were associated with progression. Results: Half of participants reached at least one milestone within five years. Milestones within the cognitive, functional dependence, and autonomic dysfunction domains were reached most often. Among participants who reached a milestone at an annual follow-up visit and remained active in the study, 82% continued to meet criteria for any milestone at one or more subsequent annual visits and 55% did so at the next annual visit. In multivariable analysis, baseline features predicting faster time to reaching a milestone included age (p<0.0001), greater MDS-UPDRS total scores (p<0.0001), higher GDS-15 depression scores (p=0.0341), lower dopamine transporter binding (p=0.0043), and lower CSF total -synuclein levels (p=0.0033). Symptomatic treatment was not significantly associated with reaching a milestone (p=0.1639). Conclusions: Clinically relevant milestones occur frequently, even in early PD. Milestones were significantly associated with baseline clinical and biological markers, but not with symptomatic treatment. Further studies are necessary to validate these results, further assess the stability of milestones, and explore translating them into an outcome measure suitable for observational and therapeutic studies.
Can artificial intelligence help a clinical laboratory to draw useful information from limited data sets ? Application to Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

Diagnosis is a key step of patient management. During decades, refined decision algorithms and numerical scores based on conventional statistic tools were elaborated to ensure optimal reliability. Recently, a number of machine learning tools were developed and applied to process more and more extensive data sets, including up to million of items and yielding sophisticated classification models. While this approach met with impressive efficiency in some cases, practical limitations stem from the high number of parameters that may be required by a model, resulting in increased cost and delay of decision making. Also, information relative to the specificity of local recruitment may be lost, hampering any simplification of universal models. Here, we explored the capacity of currently available artificial intelligence tools to classify patients found in a single health center on the basis of a limited number of parameters. As a model, the discrimination between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) on the basis of thirteen biological parameters was studied with eight widely used classifiers. It is concluded that classification performance may be significantly improved by a knowledge-based selection of discriminating parameters.
Emotional overeating affected nine in ten female students during the COVID-19 university closure: A cross-sectional study in France

Objectives: To estimate the proportion of female university students reporting overeating (EO) in response to emotions during the COVID-19 university closures, and to investigate social and psychological factors associated with this response to stress. Design: Online survey gathered sociodemographic data, alcohol/drugs use disorders, boredom proneness and impulsivity using validated questionnaires, and EO using the Emotional Overeating Questionnaire (EOQ) assessing eating in response to six emotions (anxiety, sadness, loneliness, anger, fatigue, happiness), whose structure remains to be determined. Participants: Sample of 302 female students from Rennes University, France. Main Outcome Measure: Frequencies of emotional overeating. Analysis: The frequency of emotional overeating was expressed for each emotion as percentages. Exploratory Factor analyses (EFA) were used to determine EOQ structure and provide an index of all EOQ items used for further analysis. Linear regression models were used to explore relationships between EO and others covariates. Results: Nine in ten participants reported intermittent EO in the last 28 days, mostly during 6 to 12 days, in response to Anxiety (75.5%), Sadness (64.5%), Happiness (59.9%), Loneliness (57.9%), Tiredness (51.7%), and to a lesser extent to Anger (31.1%). EFA evidenced a one-factor latent variable reflecting "Distress-Induced Overeating" positively correlated with internal boredom proneness, tobacco use, attentional impulsivity, inability to resist emotional cues, and loss of control over food intake, and negatively with age and well-being. EO was unrelated to body mass index or substance abuse. Conclusion and Implications: Nine in ten female students reported emotional overeating during the COVID-19 university closure. This response to stress was related to eating tendencies typical of young women, but also to personality/behavioral patterns such as boredom and impulsivity proneness. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying EO in response to stress and lack of external/social stimulation would improve preventive interventions.
Rural Residence, Motorcycle Access, and Contraception Use in South and Southeast Asia

Access to contraception is critical for limiting fertility. Yet, in South and Southeast Asia, access to these resources is often limited by spatial inequalities between ru- ral and urban areas. Access to a motorcycle may empower women living in rural areas to attenuate these spatial inequalities, increase their educational attainment and participation in labor markets, and thereby facilitate a shift in fertility pref- erences. Concomitantly, motorcycle access may increase access to contraception for geographically isolated women who desire to limit fertility. We employ logistic re- gression models to examine associations with contraception use and unmet need for contraception for women living in rural vs. urban areas and for women with vs. without access to a motorcycle. Roughly 40 percent of women reported cur- rent use of contraception while another 21 percent indicated an unmet need for contraception. After adjusting for other variables, women with a motorcycle were more likely to report current contraception use (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.50, 1.61]), modern contraception use (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.54, 1.66]), and traditional con- traception use (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI [1.41, 1.58]) compared to women who did not own a motorcycle. Women with a motorcycle were less likely to report an unmet need for contraception (AOR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.62, 0.68]) after adjusting for other variables. Our results are consistent with the premise that motorcycles facilitate contraception use among women living in resource-limited countries in South and Southeast Asia and thereby contribute to decreases in fertility. These relationships are contextualized by whether a woman lives in an urban or rural setting, and the number of children already present in their household; they are robust to control- ling for household-level wealth and other factors that may mediate associations with contraception use.
Analysis of 358 histopathological reports of oral and maxillofacial lesions in elderly patients from Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

Background and Objective: In Tanzania, roughly 6% of the total population is elderly, which is the age group that is vulnerable to several diseases in the orofacial region. This study aimed to determine the incidence of oral and maxillofacial lesions in elderly Tanzanian patients. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of histopathological results of patients with oral and maxillofacial lesions attended at Muhimbili National Hospital. All patients aged 60 years and above diagnosed with oral and maxillofacial lesions between 2016 and 2021 were included in the study. The information gathered included the age and sex of the patients, histopathological diagnosis, and anatomical location of the lesion. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 26 computer program was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 348 histopathological reports of 348 elderly patients with oral and maxillofacial lesions were obtained. There was an equal distribution by sex. Majority (78.2%) of the lesions were malignant, followed by benign ones (12.6%). The frequently affected site was the tongue (18.1%) and the mandible (15.4%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most (60.3%) frequently encountered lesion. Others included adenoid cystic carcinoma (5.5%) and ameloblastoma (3.7%). Conclusions: The burden of oral and maxillofacial lesions among the elderly Tanzanian population was substantial. There was no sex predilection. A majority of the lesions were malignant, and the tongue was the frequently involved site.
Prevalence of post-vaccine side effects among COVID-19 immunized community of Southern Pakistan

Background The response to the vaccine may vary among individuals. Hence, it is important to know how often individuals experience side effects after immunization against COVID-19. Objective This study aimed to assess the incidence of side effects following COVID-19 vaccination across different vaccine recipients in Southern Pakistan and identify the potential factors associated with these side effects in the population. Methods The survey was conducted across Pakistan through Google-forms Links from August to October 2021. The questionnaire included demographic information and COVID-19 vaccine information. Chi-square (x2) was performed for comparative analysis to check the significance level with P <0.05. The final analysis included 507 participants who had received COVID-19 vaccines. Results Of the total 507 COVID-19 vaccines recipients, 24.9% received CoronaVac, 36.5% received BBIBP-CorV, 14.2% received BNT162b2, 13.8% received AZD1222, and 10.7% received mRNA-1273. The most prominent side effects after the first dose were fever, weakness, lethargy, and pain at the site of injection. Moreover, the most commonly reported side effects after the second dose were pain at the injection site, headache, body ache, lethargy, fever, chills, flu-like symptoms, and diarrhea. Conclusion Our results suggested that the side effects due to COVID-19 vaccination can vary between the first and second doses and type of COVID-19 vaccine. Our findings suggest continuing monitoring of vaccine safety and the importance of individualized risk-benefit assessment for COVID-19 immunization.
High-resolution ultrasonography for early diagnosis of neural impairment in seropositive leprosy household contacts

Leprosy household contacts (HC) represent a high-risk group for the development of the disease. Anti-PGL-I IgM seropositivity also increases the risk of illness. Despite significant advances in leprosy control, it remains a public health problem; and early diagnosis of this peripheral neuropathy represents one of the main goals of leprosy programs. The present study was performed to identify neural impairment in leprosy HC by analyzing differences in high-resolution ultrasonographic (US) measurements of peripheral nerves between leprosy HC and healthy volunteers (HV). Seventy-nine seropositive household contacts (SPHC) and 30 seronegative household contacts (SNHC) underwent dermato-neurological examination and molecular analysis, followed by high-resolution US evaluation of cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the median, ulnar, common fibular and tibial nerves. In addition, 53 HV underwent similar US measurements. The US evaluation detected neural thickening in 26.5% (13/49) of the SPHC and only in 3.3% (1/30) among the SNHC (p = 0.0038). The CSA values of the common fibular and tibial nerves were significantly higher in SPHC. This group also had significantly greater asymmetry in the common fibular and tibial nerves (proximal to the tunnel). SPHC presented a 10.5-fold higher chance of neural impairment (p = 0.0311). On the contrary, the presence of at least one scar from the BCG vaccine conferred 5.2-fold greater protection against neural involvement detected by US (p = 0.0184). Our findings demonstrated a higher prevalence of neural thickening in SPHC and support the role of high-resolution US in the early diagnosis of leprosy neuropathy. The combination of positive anti-PGL-I serology and absence of a BCG scar can identify individuals with greater chances of developing leprosy neuropathy, who should be referred for US examination, reinforcing the importance of including serological and imaging methods in the epidemiological surveillance of leprosy HC.
Effects of adipocyte-conditioned cell culture media on S1P treatment of human triple-negative breast cancer cells

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent sphingolipid metabolite that regulates a wide range of biological functions such as cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and angiogenesis. Its cellular level is elevated in breast cancer, which, in turn, would promote cancer cell proliferation, survival, growth and metastasis. However, the cellular concentration of S1P is normally in the low nanomolar range, and our previous studies showed that S1P selectively induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells at high concentrations (high nanomolar to low micromolar). Thus, local administration of high-concentration S1P alone or in combination of chemotherapy agents could be used to treat breast cancer. The breast mainly consists of mammary gland and connective tissue stroma (adipose), which are dynamically interacting each other. Thus, in the current study, we evaluated how normal adipocyte-conditioned cell culture media (AD-CM) and cancer-associated adipocyte-conditioned cell culture media (CAA-CM) would affect high-concentration S1P treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Both AD-CM and CAA-CM may suppress the anti-proliferative effect and reduce nuclear alteration/apoptosis caused by high-concentration S1P. This implicates that adipose tissue is likely to be detrimental to local high-concentration S1P treatment of TNBC. Because the interstitial concentration of S1P is about 10 times higher than its cellular level, we undertook a secretome analysis to understand how S1P would affect the secreted protein profile of differentiated SGBS adipocytes. At 100 nM S1P treatment, we identified 36 upregulated and 21 downregulated secretome genes. Most of these genes are involved in multiple biological processes. Further studies are warranted to identify the most important secretome targets of S1P in adipocytes and illustrate the mechanism on how these target proteins affect S1P treatment of TNBC.
Utilization of the emergency department by kidney transplant recipients: a retrospective cohort study from a high-volume transplant center

Background: This study aims to assess the trends of emergency department (ED) visits among kidney transplant recipients in a high-volume transplant centre. Methods: This retrospective cohort study targeted patients who underwent renal transplantation at a high-volume transplant centre from 2016 to 2020. The main outcomes of the study were ED visits within 30 days, 31–90 days, 91–180 days, and 181–365 days of transplantation. Results: This study included 348 patients. The median (interquartile range) age of patients was 45.0 years (30.8, 58.2). Over half of the patients were male (57.2%). There was a total of 743 ED visits during the first year after discharge. 19% (n=66) were considered high-frequency users. High-volume ED users tended to be admitted more frequently as compared to those with low frequencies of ED visits (65.2% vs. 31.2%, respectively, P<0.001). Conclusion: As evident by the large number of ED visits, suitable coordination of management through the ED remains a pivotal component of post-transplant care. Strategies addressing prevention of complications of surgical procedures or medical care and infection control are aspects with potential for enhancement.