Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A posteriori error estimates and stopping criteria for solvers using the domain decomposition method and with local time stepping

This work contributes to the developpement of a posteriori error estimates and stopping criteria for domain decomposition methods with optimized Robin transmission conditions on the interface between subdomains. We study several problems. First, we tackle the steady diffusion equation using the mixed finite element subdomain discretization. Then the heat equation using the mixed finite element method in space and the discontinuous Galerkin scheme of lowest order in time is investigated. For the heat equation, a global-in-time domain decomposition method is used for both conforming and nonconforming time grids allowing for different time steps in different subdomains. This work is then extended to a two-phase flow model using a finite volume scheme in space. For each model, the multidomain formulation can be rewritten as an interface problem which is solved iteratively. Here at each iteration, local subdomain problems are solved, and information is then transferred to the neighboring subdomains. For unsteady problems, the subdomain problems are time-dependent and information is transferred via a space-time interface. The aim of this work is to bound the error between the exact solution and the approximate solution at each iteration of the domain decomposition algorithm. Different error components, such as the domain decomposition error, are identified in order to define efficient stopping criteria for the domain decomposition algorithm. More precisely, for the steady diffusion problem, the error of the domain decomposition method and that of the discretization in space are estimated separately. In addition, the time error for the unsteady problems is identified. Our a posteriori estimates are based on the reconstruction techniques for pressures and fluxes respectively in the spaces H1 and H(div). For the fluxes, local Neumann problems in bands arround the interfaces extracted from the subdomains are solved. Consequently, an effective criterion to stop the domain decomposition iterations is developed. Numerical experiments, both academic and more realistic with industrial data, are shown to illustrate the efficiency of these techniques. In particular, different time steps in different subdomains for the industrial example are used.
Laser-Ablated Beryllium Ions for Cold Antihydrogen in ALPHA

One of the best ways to study antimatter is to investigate antihydrogen, the bound state of an antiproton and a positron. Antihydrogen atoms do not exist naturally and must be synthesized in the lab by merging carefullyprepared plasmas of positrons and antiprotons. If the atoms are created in a magnetic trap like the one used by the ALPHA experiment at CERN, then a fraction of the coldest atoms remain trapped, while the rest escape and annihilate on the trap walls. The trapped atoms may then be probed using microwaves or lasers to make high-precision comparisons with hydrogen. Increasing the trapping rate would allow us to perform precision measurements on antihydrogen in a shorter period of time and with better systematics. Particle simulations indicate that by sympathetically cooling positrons using laser-cooled beryllium ions, we have the ability to improve the antihydrogen trapping rate by up to two orders of magnitude. This thesis describes the e↵ort to design and qualify a beryllium ion source that is compatible with the extreme environment of the ALPHA trapping apparatus. To produce the ions, pulsed laser ablation of a beryllium target is investigated and the ion plume is characterized. By carefully choosing the laser parameters, a plume with a suitable number of ions and kinetic energy distribution can be created for subsequent trapping and laser-cooling in a Penning trap. This thesis reports the successful demonstration of the ion source, in particular its compatibility with the requirements of the ALPHA experiment. The ion source has been installed into the main apparatus at ALPHA and is expected to be commissioned early next year.
Anti-Helicobacter pylori, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anti-Alzheimer’s Activities of Laurel Leaf Extract Treated by Moist Heat and Molecular Docking of Its Flavonoid Constituent, Naringenin, against Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase

It is worth noting that laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) contains several pharmacologically and nutritionally active compounds that may differ according to the pretreatment process. The current study is designed to clarify the effect of moist heat on the phenolic and flavonoid constituents and anti-Helicobacter pylori, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-Alzheimer’s activities of laurel leaf extract (LLE). Unmoist-heated (UMH) and moist-heated (MH) LLEs showed the presence of numerous flavonoid and phenolic constituents, although at different levels of concentration. MH significantly induced (p < 0.05) the occurrence of most compounds at high concentrations of 5655.89 µg/mL, 3967.65 µg/mL, 224.80 µg/mL, 887.83 µg/mL, 2979.14 µg/mL, 203.02 µg/mL, 284.65 µg/mL, 1893.66 µg/mL, and 187.88 µg/mL, unlike the detection at low concentrations of 3461.19 µg/mL, 196.96 µg/mL, 664.12 µg/mL, 2835.09 µg/mL, 153.26 µg/mL, 254.43 µg/mL, 1605.00 µg/mL, 4486.02 µg/mL, and 195.60 µg/mL using UMH, for naringenin, methyl gallate, caffeic acid, rutin, ellagic acid, coumaric acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, and hesperetin, respectively. Chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, and daidzein were detected in the UMH LLE but not in the MH LLE, unlike pyrocatechol. The anti-H. pylori activity of the UMH LLE was lower (23.67 ± 0.58 mm of inhibition zone) than that of the MH LLE (26.00 ± 0.0 mm of inhibition zone). Moreover, the values of MIC and MBC associated with the MH LLE were very low compared to those of the UMH LLE. Via MBC/MIC index calculation, the UMH and MH LLEs showed cidal activity. The MH LLE exhibited higher anti-biofilm activity (93.73%) compared to the anti-biofilm activity (87.75%) of the MH LLE against H. pylori. The urease inhibition percentage was more affected in the UMH LLE compared to the MH LLE, with significant (p < 0.05) IC50 values of 34.17 µg/mL and 91.11 µg/mL, respectively. Promising antioxidant activity was documented with a very low value of IC50 (3.45 µg/mL) for the MH LLE compared to the IC50 value of 4.69 µg/mL for the UMH LLE and the IC50 value of 4.43 µg/mL for ascorbic acid. The MH LLE showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) inhibition of α-glucosidase and butyrylcholinesterase activities, with IC50 values of 9.9 µg/mL and 17.3 µg/mL, respectively, compared to those of the UMH LLE at 18.36 µg/mL and 28.92 µg/mL. The molecular docking of naringenin showed good docking scores against acetylcholinesterase 1E66 and butyrylcholinesterase 6EMI, indicating that naringenin is an intriguing candidate for additional research as a possible medication for Alzheimer’s disease.
Shorten rice breeding cycle and developing new promising lines

Accelerating rice breeding can be accomplished through various approaches, including molecular or conventional techniques. In this regard, some rice breeding programs around the world have changed to use rapid generation advancement (RGA) as a new breeding method. The objectives of this investigation are to establish and implement RGA techniques at the Rice Research & Training Center (RRTC) to develop new, improved, blast disease-resistant, and high-yielding varieties more quickly and at a low cost. Three F 2 populations, (Giza177 x Sakha Super300), (IR75589-31 x Giza178), and (Giza179 x IR59673-93-2-3-3-2), were advanced to F 2 and evaluated in Lines Stage Trials (LST) and preliminary yield trials (PYT). RGA facilities were installed at the greenhouse of the RRTC, and the F 2 plants of each population were harvested individually. One seed from each panicle was used to cultivate the next generation (F 3 ) according to the single seed descent (SSD) method. The RGA technique was successfully implemented at RRTC with simple multipot trays and the maintenance of the greenhouse and screen house. The early generations (F 2 , F 3 , F 4 , and F 5 ) showed good performance in the greenhouse; the narrow space and low fertilizer led to early flowering. promising RGA lines, SK-RGA2-5, SK-RGA2-9, and SK-RGA3-6, revealed grain yields of more than 11.0 t/ha compared with the check varieties, Giza177, Giza178, and Sakha super300, which gave 9.57, 10.17, and 10.50 t/ha, respectively. For grain quality traits, most of the test RGA lines and check varieties have low to medium amylose content, ranging between 17.83 and 23.13%. RGA lines and check varieties gave desirable values for hulling and milling. In general, hulling% ranged between 80.0 and 85.0%, and milling% ranged between 69.43 and 73.0%.
A novel approach for reducing rotor tip-clearance induced noise in turbofan engines

Rotor tip-clearance induced noise, in the form of both rotor self-noise and rotor-stator interaction noise, constitutes an important component of total fan noise. Innovative yet cost-effective techniques to suppress rotor-generated noise are, therefore, of foremost importance for improving the noise signature of turbofan engines. To that end, the feasibility of a passive porous treatment strategy to modify positively the tip-clearance flowfield is addressed. Accurate viscous flow calculations of the baseline and the treated rotor flowfields are studied. Detailed comparison between the computed baseline solution and experimental measurements shows excellent agreement. Tip-vortex structure, trajectory, strength, and other relevant aerodynamic quantities are extracted from the computed database. Extensive comparison between the untreated and treated tip-clearance flowfields is performed. The effectiveness of the porous treatment for altering the rotor-tip vortex flowfield, in general, and reducing the intensity of the tip vortex, in particular, is demonstrated. In addition, the simulated flowfield for the treated tip clearly shows that substantial reduction in the intensity of both the shear layer rollup and boundary-layer separation on the wall is achieved.
WSN-BFSF: A New Data Set for Attacks Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

The popularity of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) increases as the usage areas and the number of integrated systems increase, and this situation attracts the attention of attackers. Attackers carry out attacks aimed at infiltrating, capturing, and manipulating the network. These attacks are implemented differently according to the layers. After these attacks on sensor networks, network traffic data is examined and malicious traffic and node behaviors are analyzed to prevent possible future attacks. The raw data received from the network are made usable by learning models by some preprocessing. The data analyzed with the models are categorized according to the network traffic types and the attacks carried out on the network are detected. In WSN, attack detections made with learning models are performed with high-accuracy percentages compared to classical detection methods. In this study, blackhole, flooding, and selective forwarding attacks, which are WSN network layer attacks, were created and implemented in network scenario (NS 2) simulation environment. The WSN-BFSF data set was obtained, and the obtained data set was made ready to be examined with learning models after the necessary preprocessing. The WSN-BFSF data set consists of 312 106 rows. The data set was examined with four different machine learning models random forest, decision tree, Naïve Bayes, and logistic regression, and eight different deep learning models multilayer perception (MLP), convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), CNN-LSTM, LSTM-CNN, CNN-GRU, and GRU-CNN. The experimental results obtained with the models are presented in detail.
Postpartum Medicaid coverage and outpatient care utilization among low-income birthing individuals in Oregon: impact of Medicaid expansion

Objective This study examined the effect of Medicaid expansion in Oregon on duration of Medicaid enrollment and outpatient care utilization for low-income individuals during the postpartum period. Methods We linked Oregon birth certificates, Medicaid enrollment files, and claims to identify postpartum individuals (N = 73,669) who gave birth between 2011 and 2015. We created one pre-Medicaid expansion (2011–2012) and two post-expansion (2014–2015) cohorts (i.e., previously covered and newly covered by Medicaid). We used ordinary least squares and negative binomial regression models to examine changes in postpartum coverage duration and number of outpatient visits within a year of delivery for the post-expansion cohorts compared to the pre-expansion cohort. We examined monthly and overall changes in outpatient utilization during 0–2 months, 3–6 months, and 7–12 months after delivery. Results Postpartum coverage duration increased by 3.14 months and 2.78 months for the post-Medicaid expansion previously enrolled and newly enrolled cohorts (p < 0.001), respectively. Overall outpatient care utilization increased by 0.06, 0.19, and 0.34 visits per person for the previously covered cohort and 0.12, 0.13, and 0.26 visits per person for newly covered cohort during 0–2 months, 3–6 months, and 7–12 months, respectively. Monthly change in utilization increased by 0.006 (0–2 months) and 0.004 (3–6 months) visits per person for post-Medicaid previously enrolled cohort and decreased by 0.003 (0–2 months) and 0.02 (7–12 months) visits per person among newly enrolled cohort. Conclusion Medicaid expansion increased insurance coverage duration and outpatient care utilization during postpartum period in Oregon, potentially contributing to reductions in pregnancy-related mortality and morbidities among birthing individuals.
Constraining Modified Gravity Models Using the Thermal Sunyaev- Zeldovich Effect

Some modified gravity theories add, in their weak field limit, a Yukawa-correction to the Newtonian gravitational potential. Such a correction usually depends on the two parameters, one that accounts for the modification of the gravitational constant, and another one representing the scale length on which the scalar field propagates. The thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich temperature anisotropies can be used to test the modified gravitational potential well demonstrating that the Yukawa-like gravitational potential is able describe the distribution of the hot Intra Cluster Medium without accounting for a Dark Matter halo.
The effect of chiral doping in achiral smectic liquid crystals on the de Vries characteristics: smectic layer thickness, electro-optics and birefringence

ABSTRACT An addition of chiral dopant to two achiral smectic liquid crystals from a homologous series, by varying weight percentages with known low values of layer shrinkage, leads to chiral smectic-C* phase with a finite value of the spontaneous polarisation. The electro-optical response arising from changes in the induced apparent tilt angle brought about by a weak electric field in the SmA* phase gives rise to power law dependency on the reduced temperature. The critical exponent γ of the power law depends on the dopant concentration but its value is found to be greater than the typical value of 1.32. This implies that the short-range correlation extends from two dimensions to three dimensions in these materials in the SmA phase. The layer thickness of smectic layers in the guest–host system remains unaltered up to the 15 wt % addition of the chiral dopant to two achiral smectics. The system thus retains the low layer shrinkage of the achiral smectic as evidenced by measurements of the layer thickness from X-ray scattering and thickness measurements from optical interferometry. Results on the optical birefringence and the apparent tilt angle lead us to the conclusion of having successfully obtained chiral smectic materials for devices with de Vries characteristics by chiral doping. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Generalizing the Effect of Extreme Outcomes in Risky Decision Making: A Cross Species Comparison of Pigeons and Humans

ii Preface . iii Acknowledgements . iv Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Generalizing the Extreme-outcome Rule . 6 Experiment 1a: Pigeons . 7 Experiment 1b: Humans . 11 Results . 13 Discussion . 15 Chapter 3: When Nothing Literally Matters . 20 Experiment 2a: Pigeons . 22 Experiment 2b: Humans . 26 Results . 27 Discussion . 29 Experiment 3 . 32 Results . 33 Discussion . 34 Chapter 4: General Discussion . 36 References . 42
The Effect of Environmental Disasters on Endocrine Status, Hematology Parameters, Body Composition, and Physical Performance in Young Soccer Players: A Case Study of the Aral Sea Region

The Aral Sea region (Uzbekistan) is infamous because of the ecological disaster characterized by the disappearance of the Aral Sea due to excessive uncontrolled water intake for agriculture needs. A new desert occurrence, soil and climate aridization led to pesticide and toxic metals environment pollution. The impact of environmental conditions in some areas of Uzbekistan on the health of soccer players is not as noticeable as, for example, the effectiveness of training, so it is not widely discussed in scientific papers. The aim of the present study was to study the features of endocrine status, hematology parameters (e.g., red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb)), and their influence on body composition and physical fitness performance in local young soccer players of the Aral Sea region as the territory of ecological disaster. The study involved 60 male soccer players aged from 18 to 22 years. Participants were divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG), which consisted of 30 soccer players living on the territory of the Aral ecological disaster region, and the control group (CG), which included 30 soccer players, natives of the ecologically favorable region of Uzbekistan. All volunteers had anthropometric measurements, concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), cortisol (C), RBC, and Hb count. Moreover, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRT1) and professional skills tests such as dribbling shuttle test (DSt) and goal accuracy test (GAt) were assessed. When comparing the CG group to the EG group, it was observed that the EG group exhibited statistically significantly reduced levels of TT and E2 (p < 0.05). No significant statistical difference was observed between the two groups in terms of IGF-1 and C (p > 0.05). Regarding hematological parameters, Hb, Ht, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were found to be significantly lower in the EG compared with the CG (p < 0.05). Moreover, the distance covered in the YYIR1 test was found to be significantly lower in soccer players within the EG compared with the CG (p < 0.05). Additionally, it was determined that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of DSt and GAt values (p > 0.05). Lastly, significant differences were observed between the EG and CG in terms of anthropometric characteristics (diameters, skinfold, and somatotype profile) (p < 0.05). The present study showed that the changes in evaluated characteristics might result from the complex influence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, the content of which is high in the environment of the Aral Sea region. The results obtained may help monitor the health of athletes living in an environmentally unfriendly environment.
Calibration-free quantitative elemental analysis of meteor plasma using reference laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of meteorite samples

Aims. We aim to analyse real-time Perseid and Leonid meteor spectra using a novel calibration-free (CF) method, which is usually applied in the laboratory for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic (LIBS) chemical analysis. Methods. Reference laser ablation spectra of specimens of chondritic meteorites were measured in situ simultaneously with a high-resolution laboratory echelle spectrograph and a spectral camera for meteor observation. Laboratory data were subsequently evaluated via the CF method and compared with real meteor emission spectra. Additionally, spectral features related to airglow plasma were compared with the spectra of laser-induced breakdown and electric discharge in the air. Results. We show that this method can be applied in the evaluation of meteor spectral data observed in real time. Specifically, CF analysis can be used to determine the chemical composition of meteor plasma, which, in the case of the Perseid and Leonid meteors analysed in this study, corresponds to that of the C-group of chondrites.
Driving visual cortex to study neuronal oscillations

Cortical oscillations such as 8-12 Hz alpha-band activity are thought to subserve gating of information processing in the human brain. While most of the supporting evidence is correlational, causal evidence comes from attempts to externally drive (‘entrain’) these oscillations by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In fact, the frequency profile of TMS-evoked potentials (TEP) closely resembles that of oscillations spontaneously emerging in the same brain region. However, it is unclear whether TMS-locked and spontaneous oscillations are produced by the same neuronal mechanisms. If so, they should react in a similar manner to top-down modulation by endogenous attention. To test this prediction, we assessed the alpha-like EEG response to TMS of the visual cortex during periods of high and low visual attention while participants attended to either the visual or auditory modality in a cross-modal attention task. We observed a TMS-locked local oscillatory alpha response lasting several cycles post-TMS (but not post-Sham stimulation). Importantly, TMS-locked alpha power was suppressed during deployment of visual relative to auditory attention, mirroring spontaneous alpha amplitudes. In addition, the early N40 TEP component, located at the stimulation site, was amplified by visual attention. The extent of attentional modulation for both TMS-locked alpha power and N40 amplitude did depend, with opposite sign, on the individual ability to modulate spontaneous alpha power at the stimulation site. We therefore argue that TMS-locked and spontaneous oscillations are of common neurophysiological origin, whereas the N40 TEP component may serve as an index of current cortical excitability at the time of stimulation. Significance Statement Rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising tool to experimentally ‘entrain’ cortical activity. If TMS-locked oscillatory responses actually recruit the same neuronal mechanisms as spontaneous cortical oscillations, they qualify as a valid tool to study the causal role of neuronal oscillations in cognition but also to enable new treatments targeting aberrant oscillatory activity in e.g. neurological conditions. Here, we provide first-time evidence that TMS-locked and spontaneous oscillations are indeed tightly related and are likely to rely on the same neuronal generators. In addition, we demonstrate that an early local component of the TMS-evoked potential (the N40) may serve as a new objective and non-invasive probe of visual cortex excitability, which so far was only accessible via subjective phosphene reports.