Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Production Season and Lactation Stage on the Technological Suitability of Milk from Cows of Various Breeds Fed in the TMR System

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate selected indicators of the technological suitability of milk from four breeds of cow housed in free-stall barns and fed in a TMR system. A total of 1, 146 milk samples were analysed, collected from cows of the breeds Polish Holstein-Friesian (Black-and-White and Red-and-White populations), Jersey, and Simmental. The following were determined in the samples: content of solids non-fat and casein, protein-to-fat ratio, active and potential acidity, heat stability, rennet clotting time, and milk fat dispersion. Despite the use of a mono-diet (TMR) year round, somewhat higher daily milk yield was obtained in the spring/summer season, but the differences were statistically significant (P≤0.01) only in the case of PHF RW. The milk obtained in the autumn/winter season contained more solids-non-fat, including casein, and in the case of JE and PHF HO the differences were statistically significant (P≤0.01). It also had significantly higher heat stability and a longer rennet clotting time (P≤0.01), with the greatest differences noted in the case of the SM breed. Milk from this period also had a higher percentage of fat globules with a diameter. 6 ≥m. The concentration of solids-non-fat, including casein, increased significantly (P≤0.01) over the course of lactation in all of the breeds evaluated. The stage of lactation did not significantly affect clotting time, heat stability, or milk fat dispersion.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Pan-Degenerate Amplification and Adaptation Assay for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutation Analysis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is a barrier to sustained virologic suppression in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Point mutation assays targeting priority drug resistance mutations (DRMs) are being evaluated to improve access to HIVDR testing. In a cross-sectional study (June 2018 to September 2019), we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a simple and rapid HIVDR assay (the pan-degenerate amplification and adaptation [PANDAA] assay targeting the mutations K65R, K103NS, M184VI, Y181C, and G190A) compared to Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS). ABSTRACT HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is a barrier to sustained virologic suppression in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Point mutation assays targeting priority drug resistance mutations (DRMs) are being evaluated to improve access to HIVDR testing. In a cross-sectional study (June 2018 to September 2019), we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a simple and rapid HIVDR assay (the pan-degenerate amplification and adaptation [PANDAA] assay targeting the mutations K65R, K103NS, M184VI, Y181C, and G190A) compared to Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Plasma samples from adolescents and young adults (aged 10 to 24 years) failing antiretroviral therapy (viral load, >1,000 copies/ml on 2 consecutive occasions 1 month apart) were analyzed. Sensitivity and specificity of the PANDAA assay were determined by a proprietary application designed by Aldatu Biosciences. Agreement between genotyping methods was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. One hundred fifty samples previously characterized by Sanger sequencing were evaluated using PANDAA. For all DRMs detected, PANDAA showed a sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 94%, respectively. For nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor DRMs, sensitivity and specificity were 98% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92% to 100%) and 100% (94% to 100%), respectively. For non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor DRMs, sensitivity and specificity were 100% (97% to 100%) and 76% (61% to 87%), respectively. PANDAA showed strong agreement with Sanger sequencing for K65R, K103NS, M184VI, and G190A (kappa > 0.85) and substantial agreement for Y181C (kappa = 0.720). Of the 21 false-positive samples genotyped by PANDAA, only 6 (29%) were identified as low-abundance variants by NGS. With the high sensitivity and specificity to detect major DRMs, PANDAA could represent a simple and rapid alternative HIVDR assay in LMICs.
Bone metabolism and fracture risk during and after critical illness.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is growing evidence that bone health is impacted during and after critical illness in multiple ways. In this review, we provide a practical update on postcritical care bone loss with an insight on identification of persons at risk, prevention and treatment strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Critical illness is associated with an increase in bone turnover and with an uncoupling between bone resorption and bone formation. This results in loss of bone mass, as highlighted by changes in bone marker serum levels and in bone mineral density. Data suggest that ICU survivors are at an increased risk of bone fractures, but this is not completely quantifiable. A key driving factor for ICU-related bone loss, beside inflammation, undernutrition and vitamin D deficiency, is immobilization. Bone health and muscle health are closely related, through myokines and osteokines. Even if not completely proven in the context of critical care, it is likely that preserving muscle mass and strength helps reducing bone loss. SUMMARY A history of critical illness should be considered as a strong risk factor for osteopenia and osteoporosis. ICU-related bone loss should be part of the postintensive care syndrome, and should be targeted by prevention and treatment strategies. Optimized and individualized protein and micronutrient provision (with specific attention to calcium, vitamin D and selenium), associated with physiotherapy and muscle training, should be implemented early after ICU admission and continued after ICU discharge. Antiresorptive agents such as biphosphonates should be considered on an individualized basis.
L-Arginine/NO Pathway Metabolites in Colorectal Cancer: Relevance as Disease Biomarkers and Predictors of Adverse Clinical Outcomes Following Surgery

The L-Arginine/NO pathway is involved in carcinogenesis and immunity. Its diagnostic and prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC) was determined using tandem mass spectrometry in 199 individuals (137 with CRC) and, during a three-day follow up, in 60 patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Citrulline was decreased and asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginines and dimethylamine (DMA) were increased in CRC. The DMA increase corresponded with CRC advancement while arginine, ADMA, and SDMA levels were higher in left-sided cancers. Arginine, citrulline, ADMA, and DMA dropped and SDMA increased post incision. Females experienced a more substantial drop in arginine. The arginine and ADMA dynamics depended on blood loss. The initial SDMA increase was higher in patients requiring transfusions. Postoperative dynamics in arginine and dimethylarginines differed in robot-assisted and open surgery. Concomitant SDMA, citrulline, and DMA quantification displayed a 92% accuracy in detecting CRC. Monitoring changes in arginine, ADMA, and SDMA in the early postoperative period predicted postoperative ileus with 84% and surgical site infections with 90% accuracy. Changes in ADMA predicted operative morbidity with 90% and anastomotic leakage with 77% accuracy. If positively validated, L-arginine/NO pathway metabolites may facilitate CRC screening and surveillance, support differential diagnosis, and assist in clinical decision-making regarding patients recovering from colorectal surgery.
The development of phonological memory and language: A multiple groups approach

Abstract Pierce et al. (2017) have proposed that variations in the timing, quality and quantity of language input during the earliest stages of development are related to variations in the development of phonological working memory and, in turn, to later language learning outcomes. To examine this hypothesis, three groups of children who are at-risk for language learning were examined: children with cochlear implants (CI), children with developmental language disorder (DLD), and internationally-adopted (IA) children, Comparison groups of typically-developing monolingual (MON) children and second language (L2) learners were also included. All groups were acquiring French as a first or second language and were matched on age, gender, and socioeconomic status, as well as other group-specific factors; they were between 5;0–7;3 years of age at time of testing. The CI and DLD groups scored significantly more poorly on the memory measures than the other groups; while the IA and L2 groups did not differ from one another. While the IA group performed more poorly than the MON group, there was no difference between the L2 and MON groups. We also found differential developmental relationships between phonological memory and language among the groups of interest in comparison to the typically-developing MON and L2 groups supporting the hypothesis that language experiences early in life are consequential for language development because of their effects on the development of phonological memory.
Transference of multiple resistance to peanut through the development of cross-compatible complex hybrids of wild Arachis

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a tetraploid species with an A and B genome, while the majority of wild Arachis species are diploid with distinct genomes. In pre-breeding programs, one way to introgress interesting wild genes into peanut is by producing amphidiploids. This study aimed at the hybridization between distinct amphidiploids and their characterization, to combine high crossability with peanut, observed in some amphidiploids, with high pest and disease resistances observed in others. These new hybrids were called complex hybrids. Four amphidiploids previously obtained were crossed at four different combinations, and the derived complex hybrids were crossed with four peanut cultivars. Morphological, reproductive, chromosome complement, molecular markers for hybrid identification, phytopatological, and entomological characterizations were performed on the complex hybrids. All cross combinations resulted in complex hybrids. One complete complement of each diploid progenitor was confirmed in each hybrid. Plants of six distinct hybrid combinations were obtained between the complex hybrids and peanut. Based on morphological characterization, differences among progenies from distinct cross combinations were observed. Complex hybrids were considered more resistant to all diseases and pests than peanut cultivars. The simultaneous introgression of genes from four wild Arachis species into peanut was possible through the development of complex hybrids.
Desinfestação de substratos com a utilização de coletor solar

Flat solar collectors were tested for the control of Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, VerticiUium sp. , Meloidogyne arenaria and Cyperus rotundus (nut sedge). The equipment developed comprises, basically, gutters of aluminum with termic liner of glass wool and transparent plastic cover. The results showed that, depending upon the solar radiation, one day is required for the disinfestations of substrate infested with S. rolfsii and nut sedge, and two days for R. solani, Verticillium sp. and M. arenaria.
Host‐range and survival studies of Peronosclerospora sorghi at two locations in Nigeria

Abstract Several native grasses, sorghum lines and maize genotypes were tested for susceptibility to Peronosclerospora sorghi (Weston and Uppal) C. G. Shaw at two locations in Nigeria. In the southwestern location, neither the native grasses nor the sorghum varieties were infected, but most maize varieties were susceptible to downy mildew. In the north‐central location, differential sorghum lines T x 412, T x 430, FFBL, L1499, T x 415 and most maize varieties were systemically infected. Among the native grasses, only Dactylactenium aegyptium (L.) P. Beauv. and Roettboelia cochinchinensis (Louv.) Clayton were partially susceptible to downy mildew. Oospores from diseased sorghum and conidia from both infected sorghum and maize genotypes were found to be involved in the downy mildew disease cycle in the north‐central location, while only conidia from infected maize were detected and caused disease on maize in the southwestern location. This suggests the presence of a sorghum pathotype of downy mildew which i.
Development and validation of a predictive model for the progression of diabetic kidney disease to kidney failure

Abstract Introduction A good prediction model plays an important role in determining the progression to diabetic kidney disease. We aimed to create a model to predict progression to kidney failure in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Methods We retrospectively assessed 641 patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease as derivation cohort and 280 patients as external out time validation cohort. We used a combination of clinical guidance and univariate logistic regression to select the relevant variables. We calculated the discrimination and calibration of different models. The best model was selected according to the optimal combination of discrimination and calibration. Results During the 3 years follow up, there were 272 outcomes (42%) in derivation cohort and 138 outcomes (49%) in external validation cohort. The final variables selected in the multivariate logistics regression were age, gender, hemoglobin, NLR, serum cystatin C, eGFR, 24-h urine protein, and the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs. We developed four different models as clinical, laboratory, lab-medication, and full models according to these independent risk factors. Laboratory model performed well in both discrimination and calibration among all the models (C-statistics: external validation 0.863; p value of the Hosmer–Lemeshow, .817). There was no significant difference in NRI among laboratory model, lab-medication model, and full model (p > .05). So, we chose the laboratory model as the optimal model. Conclusion We constructed a nomogram which contained hemoglobin, NLR, serum cystatin C, eGFR, and 24-h urine protein to predict the risk of patients with diabetic kidney disease initiating renal replacement in 3 years.
The Basics of Covalent Bonding in Terms of Energy and Dynamics

We address the paradoxical fact that the concept of a covalent bond, a cornerstone of chemistry which is well resolved computationally by the methods of quantum chemistry, is still the subject of debate, disagreement, and ignorance with respect to its physical origin. Our aim here is to unify two seemingly different explanations: one in terms of energy, the other dynamics. We summarize the mechanistic bonding models and the debate over the last 100 years, with specific applications to the simplest molecules: H2+ and H2. In particular, we focus on the bonding analysis of Hellmann (1933) that was brought into modern form by Ruedenberg (from 1962 on). We and many others have helped verify the validity of the Hellmann–Ruedenberg proposal that a decrease in kinetic energy associated with interatomic delocalization of electron motion is the key to covalent bonding but contrary views, confusion or lack of understanding still abound. In order to resolve this impasse we show that quantum mechanics affords us a complementary dynamical perspective on the bonding mechanism, which agrees with that of Hellmann and Ruedenberg, while providing a direct and unifying view of atomic reactivity, molecule formation and the basic role of the kinetic energy, as well as the important but secondary role of electrostatics, in covalent bonding.
The relationship between job stress and job burnout: the mediating effects of perceived social support and job satisfaction

ABSTRACT Job stress, perceived social support, and job satisfaction are important predictors of job burnout. However, few studies have explored the mechanism of job stress on different dimensions of job burnout through perceived social support and job satisfaction among bank employees. In this study, a total of 1464 Chinese bank employees completed the Job Stress Assessment Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. The results showed that job burnout was positively associated with job stress but negatively associated with perceived social support and job satisfaction. Mediating analyses showed that the mediation of perceived social support was different for job burnout than for different job burnout dimensions. Job satisfaction mediated the relationship between job stress and different job burnout dimensions. In addition, the association between job stress and job burnout was sequentially mediated by perceived social support and job satisfaction.
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles as Biomedical Materials

The development of new nanomaterials with high biomedical performance and low toxicity is essential to obtain more efficient therapy and precise diagnostic tools and devices. Recently, scientists often face issues of balancing between positive therapeutic effects of metal oxide nanoparticles and their toxic side effects. In this review, considering metal oxide nanoparticles as important technological and biomedical materials, the authors provide a comprehensive review of researches on metal oxide nanoparticles, their nanoscale physicochemical properties, defining specific applications in the various fields of nanomedicine. Authors discuss the recent development of metal oxide nanoparticles that were employed as biomedical materials in tissue therapy, immunotherapy, diagnosis, dentistry, regenerative medicine, wound healing and biosensing platforms. Besides, their antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral properties along with biotoxicology were debated in detail. The significant breakthroughs in the field of nanobiomedicine have emerged in areas and numbers predicting tremendous application potential and enormous market value for metal oxide nanoparticles.
Impact of the NCOA1, OPN and RBP4 genes on individual weight at birth and individual weight at 30 days in hybrid pig

Abstract The effects of the polymorphism of the nuclear receptor coactivator 1 gene (NCOA1), osteopontin (OPN), and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) genes on individual weight at birth (WTB) and individual weight at 30 days (WT30) were analyzed by Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) in hybrid pig (Landrace ♀ ×Wild boar ♂). The relationship between different genotypes and WTB and WT30 were analyzed. Results showed that: AA genotype of NCOA1 had higher WT30 than BB individuals (P<0.05). AA and AB genotypes of OPN had a higher WTB and WT30 than BB (P>0.05). BB and AB genotypes of RBP4 had a higher WTB and WT30 than AA (P>0.05). The results presented here demonstrate that the NCOA1 gene may be considered as a marker for WT30 trait in pig.
Non-invasive ventilation indication for critically ill cancer patients admitted to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure (ARF) with associated cardiac dysfunction: Results from an observational study

Background Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a life-threatening complication in onco-hematology patients. Optimal ventilation strategy in immunocompromised patients has been highly controversial over the last decade. Data are lacking on patients presenting with ARF associating isolated cardiac dysfunction or in combination with another etiology. The aim of this study was to assess prognostic impact of initial ventilation strategy in onco-hematology patients presenting ARF with associated cardiac dysfunction. Methods We conducted an observational retrospective study in Institut Paoli-Calmettes, a cancer-referral center, assessing all critically ill cancer patients admitted to the ICU for a ARF with cardiac dysfunction. Results Between 2010–2017, 127 patients were admitted. ICU and hospital mortality were 29% and 57%. Initial ventilation strategy was invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) in 21%. Others ventilation strategies were noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in 50%, associated with oxygen in 21% and high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) in 29%, HFNO alone in 6% and standard oxygen in 23%. During ICU stay, 48% of patients required intubation. Multivariate analysis identified 3 independent factors associated with ICU mortality: SAPSII at admission (OR = 1.07/point, 95%CI = 1.03–1.11, p<0.001), invasive fungal infection (OR = 7.65, 95%CI = 1.7–34.6, p = 0.008) and initial ventilation strategy (p = 0.015). Compared to NIV, HFNO alone and standard oxygen alone were associated with an increased ICU mortality, with respective OR of 19.56 (p = 0.01) and 10.72 (p = 0.01). We realized a propensity score analysis including 40 matched patients, 20 in the NIV arm and 20 receiving others ventilation strategies, excluding initial MV patients. ICU mortality was lower in patients treated with NIV (10%), versus 50% in the other arm (p = 0.037). Conclusion In onco-hematology patients admitted for ARF with associated cardiac dysfunction, severity at ICU admission, invasive fungal infections and initial ventilation strategy were independently associated with ICU mortality. NIV was a protective factor on ICU mortality.
Prevalence and psychopathologic significance of hallucinations in individuals with a history of seizures

A relationship between seizure activity and hallucinations is well established. The psychopathologic significance of hallucinations in individuals with seizures, however, is unclear. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of auditory and visual hallucinations in individuals who reported a seizure history and investigated their relationship with a number of mental disorders, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts.
School Nurses' Perspectives on School-Based Components of Asthma Programs to Address Pediatric Disparities.

OBJECTIVE To use a community engaged, collaborative approach with school nurses working within an urban community, to develop recommendations for future school-based interventions targeting pediatric asthma disparities. METHODS Open-ended survey data were collected from 33 nurses (77% of nurses in the school district) during a face-to-face monthly health services meeting. Questions asked nurses to estimate the proportion of students with asthma with the necessary forms and medications at school and to describe perceived barriers to having such forms and medications, and potential initiatives that could be implemented. A 30-min asthma education class was also piloted with school nurses, who then rated its acceptability and feasibility. Open-ended survey data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Nurses estimated that 12% of students with asthma had an asthma action plan, 19% had a medication release form, and 15% had medications at school (i.e. inhalers). Four themes emerged regarding barriers to asthma management in schools and strategies for promoting asthma management in schools: coordination of care, asthma education, access to care, and medication adherence. Nurses noted the need for education focused specifically on teaching inhaler technique, and better communication between schools, providers, and families. CONCLUSIONS School nurses provided valuable information regarding specific barriers, as well as approaches to addressing these barriers in a future intervention. Findings suggest that a school-based intervention needs to address coordination among schools, parents, and medical providers, and will be optimally effective if it also addresses structural barriers.