Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A SIMPLE MODEL FOR THE IN-PLANE ROTATIONAL RESPONSE OF A DISK RESONATOR IN LIQUID: RESONANT FREQUENCY, QUALITY FACTOR, AND OPTIMAL GEOMETRY

Introduction and Motivation: Micromechanical resonators have a wide variety of applications, including biological and chemical sensing, which often require the device to operate in a viscous liquid environment in which energy dissipation and fluid inertia play a key role in the device’s performance. Therefore, many investigations of MEMS resonators in liquids have focused on how to improve the quality factor (Q) by reducing energy losses to the surroundings through the use of new device geometries or unconventional modes. In the present study we explore potential advantages of an “all-shear interaction device” (ASID), consisting of a microdisk supported by two tangentially oriented microcantilevers, or “legs” (Fig. 1a). When the device is excited by imparting a harmonic axial strain to the legs (e.g., via electrothermal actuation), an in-plane rotational oscillation of the disk will ensue. This mode of vibration will engage the fluid only through shear-type interaction, as the motions of all surfaces of the ASID will have no normal component – hence, our use of the term “all-shear interaction device. ” This type of interaction is expected to minimize fluid motion and, thus, viscous dissipation and fluid inertial forces, thereby yielding higher values of resonant frequency and Q in liquids. Another advantage of the ASID in sensors applications is the potentially large functionalized surface area afforded by the disk. To investigate the potential advantages of such a device and the effects of system parameters on the resonant behavior, a simple theoretical model is developed herein to quantify the damped “eigenproperties” of the system. More specif-
Proteolytic activity and some properties of stirred fruit yoghurt made using some fruits containing proteolytic enzymes.

Stirred yoghurts with different fruit homogenates (papaya, kiwi, pineapple and kaki and control (without additive) were prepared and stored up to 14 days at 5±1°C. Sugar and fruit homogenates were added at the rate of 5 and 10% w/w respectively. The results revealed that, significant differences were observed in proteolytic activity, acidity, protein and fibers contents among all treatments. Addition of fruit homogenates and sugar had significantly harmful effect on the viability of the two lactic acid bacteria strains. The effect was more obvious with using pineapple or kiwi than other fruits. Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus was much more sensitive to the fruit addition than Str. thermophilus. All yoghurt samples, however, contained the recommended levels of (10 -10 cfu/g) lactic acid bacteria at the end of the refrigerated storage. Yeasts and 67 moulds count was higher in fruit stirred yoghurt compared with the control and increased significantly during storage at 5±1°C. The yoghurt containing pineapple or papaya ranked higher flavour scores than those of other fruits.
Wood and lumber properties of Larix gmelinii var. olgensis planted in Japan

In order to promote plantation establishment of Larix gmelinii var. olgensis (syn. L. olgensis A. Henry), a ‘near threatened’ species, the wood and lumber properties were preliminary investigated for five trees from two clones of 57-year-old trees planted in Japan. The mean value of dynamic Young’s modulus of logs was 10.16 GPa. The mean values of annual ring width, latewood percentage, basic density, MOE, and MOR of five sample trees were 2.1 mm, 29.3%, 0.47 g•cm-3, 8.06 GPa, and 60.4 MPa, respectively. In addition, the MOE and MOR of 2 by 4 lumber were 10.43 GPa and 42.4 MPa, respectively. These values were similar to those obtained from other Larix species. Thus, construction lumber could be produced from the wood from plantation grown L. gmelinii var. olgensis.
Seasonality of the transitional region of the California Current System off Baja California

Hydrographic data collected over the period 1997–2013 are analyzed to investigate the seasonality of hydrographic features and associated geostrophic flows off the Baja California peninsula. The upper ocean in the region was found to be homogeneous in winter and spring but subdivided into two regions in the summer and autumn. In the first case, the system typically shows relatively low-temperature and salinity waters, which give it a subarctic character. In the second, only the region north of Punta Eugenia (28°N) maintains subarctic characteristics, while the southern region receives an inflow of tropical and subtropical waters that results from the weakening of northwesterly winds, which allows the poleward advection of surface waters. Also during this period, a positive wind stress curl promotes the zonal advection of North Pacific's eastern edge waters into the coast and to the north as a surface coastal flow. Average seasonal patterns of geostrophic flow at 200 dbar revealed that the differentiation into provinces is also evident at that depth, with two clearly defined cyclonic structures in summer and autumn, both separated at the latitude of Punta Eugenia. The analyses conducted also showed a clear continuity of the California undercurrent along the shelf break, with more diffuse currents in the winter. Poleward flows were observed throughout the water column, especially in summer and autumn, although the origin of the surface flow does not necessarily involve a surfacing of the California Undercurrent.
A simple automatic procedure for generation of 6 minute rainfalls

Abstract The model for stochastic generation of 6 minute rainfalls generates daily rainfalls using a well tested model and then disaggregates the daily totals into 6 minute diurnal patterns. The disaggregation process uses a file of stored patterns taken from the nearest pluviometer record. The selection of a pattern for disaggregation depends on the month of the year and the amount of rainfall in the day. After initial disaggregation to 6 minute patterns, the generated data are adjusted to make the generated monthly and annual means, and standard deviations match those from the input data. Results are given for annual, monthly and daily means and standard deviations, and for sub-daily intensities compared with IFD data prepared by the Bureau of Meteorology. Nonlocal pluviometer data from up to 160 km from the study site gave good results, showing that the system can be used with daily rainfall data at the site of interest and pluviometer data from some distance away.
The influence of plant spacing on the frequency distribution of bulb weight and marketable yield of onions

SummaryMost of the frequency distributions of onion bulb weight throughout the growing period were found to be significantly and positively skewed. The positive skewness was significantly greater at high density than at low and increased significantly with time from sowing. A nomogram relating yield of various onion grade sizes to plant density was derived. For a particular cultivar grown in a known environment such a nomogram enables the plant density for optimum yield of a specified grade to be predicted.
Religion and Politics in Contemporary Poland

Vztahy naboženstvi a politiky byly v Polsku předmětem religionistických badani jak před rokem 1990, tak i po padu „realneho socialismu“ – casto nazývaneho take komunismem. Řimskokatolicka cirkev v Polsku byla před rokem 1990 považovana – skrze tehdejsi vladni uřady – za hlavni zdroj odporu vůci marxisticke ideologii a vladnouci polske komunisticke straně (PZPR). Casto take projevovala podporu různým opozicnim politickým uskupenim – nevyjimaje ty, ktere měly liberalni nebo dokonce i levicově laický charakter (např. Komitet Obrony Robotnikow – KOR) a neodvolavaly se na cirkevni retoriku. Soucasný polský katolicismus obsahuje velke množstvi rozrůzněných spolecensko-politických a naboženských postojů. Jeho dva hlavni proudy se zformovaly spise ve spolecensko-politicke publicistice než v každodenni realitě a jsou nazývane: „farnost torunska“ a „farnost langievicka“. Prvni z nich je konzervativni, antiliberalni a narodně demokratický a je spojovan s redemptoristickým knězem Tedeuszem Rydzykem, který ma v Polsku celou řadu okruhů přiznivců i posluchaců „Radia Marie“ („Radio Maryja“). Dřive byl tento proud pocetný, ale v poslednich letech ztraci cim dal tim vliv a stava se (zvlastě po vstupu Polska do Evropske unie) sverazným skanzenem. Farnost langievicka měla být pokracovanim těch proudů polskeho katolicismu, ktere dřive byly oznacovany jako „otevřena cirkev“. Je ztotožňovan z krakovským metropolitou kardinalem Stanislawem Dziwiszem jako pokracovatelem ideji papeže Jana Pavla II a je reprezentovan skrze casopis „Tygodnik Powszechny” a take střediska ZNAK. Situace po parlamentnich volbach v roce 2005 se zdala být pro řimskokatolickou cirkev velmi výhodna, neboť vlady se ujala koalice, jejiž představitele deklaruji shodu vlastnich přesvědceni a politických cilů s ucenim cirkve. A pravě v soucasnosti je autorita katolicke cirkve podlomena tak jako nikdy v povalecne historii Polska, což je způsobeno předevsim diky jejimu zapleteni se do sporů o lustrace a „ochranu života od doby poceti do jeho přirozene smrti“. Pravicove strany hledajici jeji oporu ji zatahuji do politických sporů, přicemž eticke otazky jsou ve skutecnosti jen zaminkou. Katolicka cirkev si jistě v budoucnu poradi se zde uvedenými problemy, ale samotne jeji zapletani se do politických avantýr (casto proti jejim intencim) ukazuje, že je obtižne oddělit zajmy cirkve od běžne politiky. Pro badatele spolecensko-politických vztahů se v postkomunistických zemich (a soucasně i v Polsku) po změnach na pocatku 90. let 20. stoleti objevila jedinecna situace, ve ktere je možne bouřlive spolecenske, politicke i naboženske procesy sledovat jaksi ve stavu zrodu, tedy provadět různe prognozy a rychle je verifikovat.
The Financial Collapse of the Enron Corporation and its Impact in the United States Capital Market

The purpose of this article is to review the collapse of the Enron Corporation and the collapseâ€™s effect on the United States financial market. Enron Corporation, the seventh largest company in the United States, misguided its shareholders by reporting $74 billion profit of which $43 billion was detected as fraud. Moreover, according to the association of fraud examiners $2.9 trillion was lost because of employee fraud. For example, as presented by Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield (2013), in a global survey study that was conducted in 2013, it was reported that 3,000 executives from 54 countries were involved in fraudulent financial reporting. Therefore, the world of accounting is dominated by the top four accounting firms known as (1). PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), (2). Deloitte & Touche (DT), (3). Ernst & Young (EY) and (4). KPMG which represent a combined income of $80 billion.
Evaluation of Environmental Health Indices in Schools of a City in Khorasan Razavi, Iran

Background: Environment health of schools that is described briefly in section four of schools health implementation program of Iran, is one of the primary determinants of students’ health. Undoubtedly, physical environment has a very important role on the education efficiency of children in the schools and nobody can neglect the importance. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate conditions of environment health in schools of Khaf city. Materials and methods: This cross sectional survey was performed in all schools of Khaf city by use a census. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire. A face to face interview method was used to obtain data. Finally, data were statistically processed by means of Excel and SPSS version 13. Results: The results of the present study showed that most of schools had good building conditions. But only 4 (9.5%) schools were equipped with health care services. Also, 13 (31%) schools out of the 42 schools had no good green space. Parameters of physical environment in all school were good. But about healthy water foundations, 19 (45.2%) schools had no good conditions. Conclusion: The findings of the present survey suggest that poor conditions of healthful environment especially problems regarding safe water supply, can be attributed to lack of authorities knowledge about environment health regulations. In most cases qualitative educational aspects were considered and little attention was paid on qualitative items.
Platinum, palladium, gold, copper-rich stringers at the Strathcona Mine, Sudbury; their enrichment by fractionation of a sulfide liquid

Recent study of the platinum-group elements (PGE) in the Strathcona Ni-Cu sulfide deposit has shown that their distribution is zoned. Pt, Pd, Au, and Cu increase progressively, from the Hanging-wall ore zone through the Main zone into the Deep ore zone; Rh, Ru, Ir, and Os show a reverse trend (Naldrett et al., 1982). The Copper and Deep Copper zones at Strathcona are the farthest away from contact with the Sudbury Igneous Complex and consist of veins of massive sulfides up to 6 m in width, which narrow down to thin veins (
Identification of large woody debris in accoustic bathymetry data

The more frequent use of two-dimensional hydrodynamic river models also requires more detailed bathymetry surveys. For smooth bathymetries, there is little difficulty in developing accurate translations from survey data to model; however, in rivers with significant bottom structure (e.g., large woody debris), simple data averaging and interpolation methods may lead to misrepresentation of the bottom bathymetry. It is necessary to identify in the data set what is true bathymetry from what is caused by large woody debris. Two groups of methods are investigated to serve our objective: statistical techniques and filtering techniques. While the former are appealing for their simplicity and direct applicability in modeling, they fail at consistently treating spikes (hypothesized to be large woody debris signature) in the data set. Among filtering techniques, linear filters are turned down due to their inherent trade-off between edge retention and spike rejection. Two nonlinear filters are examined. Median and erosion filters are specifically designed to preserve sharp edges while eradicate spikes. Finally, median filtering is preferred to erosion filtering, for the former leaves large-scale bathymetric features virtually undisturbed.
Management Committee

The aim of this work was to compare grazing management practices of Mombaça guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus syn. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) based on the sward incident light interception (LI) concept. We tested, when the regrowth period in rotationally stocked Mombaça guineagrass ended, if LI (90 or 95%) affected forage accumulation, sward characteristics and animal performance. Both treatments had a common post-grazing canopy height of 50 cm and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Pastures were sampled preand post-grazing to determine forage mass, morphological composition and forage accumulation rate (FAR). Nutritive value (NV) was estimated in pre-grazing samples. Stocking rate was adjusted twice a week, and animals were weighed every 28 days. Pre-grazing conditions of 90 and 95% LI were reached at pasture heights of approximately 80 and 90 cm, respectively. FAR, sward structure and NV were similar for pastures grazed at 90 and 95% LI. Consequently, stocking rate, average daily gain and liveweight gain/ha were similar for both LI treatments. Data suggest that Mombaça guineagrass can be grazed at pre-grazing heights of 80–90 cm (90–95% LI) without compromising pasture structure and animal performance provided moderate defoliation severity is employed. Further testing of this grazing strategy over longer periods should be carried out with this species as well as other tropical grasses.
Retrospective Study of Various Maternal Factors Responsible For Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid and Its Impact on Perinatal Outcome

Meconium is derived from the Greek word "meconium- arion" 1 , meaning "opium-like". Many maternal factors contribute to passage of meconium before birth which includes maternal age, prolonged gestation, anaemia, hypertension, ante-partum haemorrhage and others 2 . Objectives: To find out the various maternal factors responsible for meconium stained amniotic fluid(MSAF), intrapartum complications and outcome of labor in cases of meconium stained amniotic fluid and its impact on perinatal morbidity and mortality. Materials and methods: It is a retrospective study of 2840 cases of consecutive deliveries from January 2013 to June 2013 in Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences,,Mandya to know the incidence of meconium stained amniotic fluid in these cases, to evaluate the antepartum and intra- partum factors responsible for meconium stained amniotic fluid and also to study the labour outcome with regard to perinatal morbidity and mortality as a result of meconium stained amniotic fluid. Results: Out of 2840 deliveries, 571 cases of meconium stained amniotic fluid were studied. The incidence of meconium stained amniotic fluid was 20.1%. Incidence of MSAF was more commonly seen in pregnancy with crossed EDD( >40weeks), oligohyramnios, , preeclampsia, PROM, anaemia. 77 cases of Meconium aspiration syndrome(MAS) were admitted to NICU out of which there were 15 perinatal mortality. 13 cases of MAS were associated with thick meconium and 2 cases with moderately thick meconium stained liquor. Severe perinatal asphyxia(8 cases) was most common cause for perinatal mortality followed by hypoxic ishaemic encephalopathy(4), respiratory distress syndrome(2) and septicaemia(1). Conclusion: Meconium stained amniotic fluid was associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality. It signifies the need for prevention and treatment of various antepartum and intrapartum complications, which were responsible for intrauterine hypoxia and meconium stained amniotic fluid.
Robotic hummingbird: design of a control mechanism for a hovering flapping wing micro air vehicle

The use of drones, also called unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), is increasing every day. These aircraft are piloted either remotely by a human pilot or completely autonomously by an on-board computer. UAVs are typically equipped with a video camera providing a live video feed to the operator. While they were originally developed mainly for military purposes, many civil applications start to emerge as they become more affordable.Micro air vehicles are a subgroup of UAVs with a size and weight limitation; many are designed also for indoor use. Designs with rotary wings are generally preferred over fixed wings as they can take off vertically and operate at low speeds or even hover. At small scales, designs with flapping wings are being explored to try to mimic the exceptional flight capabilities of birds and insects. The objective of this thesis is to develop a control mechanism for a robotic hummingbird, a bio-inspired tail-less hovering flapping wing MAV. The mechanism should generate moments necessary for flight stabilization and steering by an independent control of flapping motion of each wing.The theoretical part of this work uses a quasi-steady modelling approach to approximate the flapping wing aerodynamics. The model is linearised and further reduced to study the flight stability near hovering, identify the wing motion parameters suitable for control and finally design a flight controller. Validity of this approach is demonstrated by simulations with the original, non-linear mathematical model.A robotic hummingbird prototype is developed in the second, practical part. Details are given on the flapping linkage mechanism and wing design, together with tests performed on a custom built force balance and with a high speed camera. Finally, two possible control mechanisms are proposed: the first one is based on wing twist modulation via wing root bars flexing; the second modulates the flapping amplitude and offset via flapping mechanism joint displacements. The performance of the control mechanism prototypes is demonstrated experimentally.
The Role of Financial Markets in Economic Growth

Msc. , Istanbul Gelisim University This paper aims at scrutinizing how financial markets operate in trying to influence the magnitude and direction of economic growth as they purpose to intermediate funds between surplus spenders and deficit spenders. We examine how direct foreign investments and local investors interlink to optimize on the growth of the economy. We model our problem to incorporate financial markets operations, capital flows from foreign nations and the local market capital structure to show their influence in the level of economic growth. Our focus is construed towards two view points; that form of growth emanating from foreign direct investment and that which comes from local investments. The various links that are enjoined to from the funders all the way to the injections in the economic structure are also examined. Various past works by renowned scholars serve to provide the empirical evidence that foreign direct investment have superior impact on the growth relative to local investments. From this, we will demonstrate that for any financial market to operate at the point of optimality it needs to adopt mechanisms, policies and infrastructures to attract the FDI. Economic planners are faced with difficulties of balancing between short term funds availability versus long term. Their levels within the economy serve to guide liquidity conditions as well as prepare economies for long term investment take off influencing policing. The paper formulates ways through which agents can advantage themselves from the policies to either increase their return on investment or to grow, expand their enterprises.