Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combretum lanceolatum extract reverses anxiety and seizure behavior in adult zebrafish through GABAergic neurotransmission: an in vivo and in silico study

Abstract Combretaceae are reported in the literature for presenting neuroprotective and anxiolytic effects in animal models. Combretum lanceolatum Pohl. has few scientific reports on its pharmacological effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects of the ethanol extract from the leaves of C. lanceolatum Pohl. (EtFoCl) and its possible mechanism of GABAergic action in adult zebrafish. EtFoCl was subjected to determination of the total phenol concentration, identification of phytochemical flavonoids by HPLC and in vitro antioxidant activity test, open field test and 96-hour acute toxicity in zebrafish. Anxiolytic doses were tested for pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in adult zebrafish. To study the mechanisms of action, molecular docking simulations were performed between the main phytochemicals and the GABAA receptor (anxiolytic activity) and carbonic anhydrase II (anticonvulsant). The non-toxic doses that caused motor impairment were assessed in acute and chronic anxiety using the light and dark test. EtFoCl had altered the animals’ locomotion, presenting an effect similar to the anxiolytic and anticonvulsant. These effects were prevented with flumazenil (GABAA antagonist). The phytochemicals homoorientin and quercetin-3-O-galactoside coupling in a region close to that of the inhibitor diazepam (GABAA receptor). Regarding the anticonvulsant mechanism, Homoorientina and Isovitexina were identified as the most favorable for the complex form with the carbonic anhydrase enzyme. C. lanceolatum has pharmacological potential for the treatment of acute and chronic anxiety and seizures, which can be partially explained by an interaction with the GABAA receptor. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Rotational Stability, Tilt and Decentration of a New IOL with a 7.0 mm Optic

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate rotational stability, tilt and decentration of a new monofocal IOL with a 7.0 mm optic and frame haptics. Methods: Prospective post-market clinical follow-up study at the Kepler University Hospital Linz, Austria. An Aspira-aXA (HumanOptics, Germany) was implanted in 74 eyes of 42 cataract patients. The lens was manufactured with toric markings. IOL rotational stability was evaluated by comparing its position at the end of surgery (EoS) versus 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 4 months postoperatively. IOL tilt and decentration were measured using a Scheimpflug camera at 1 week, 1 month and 4 months. Results: Median absolute IOL rotation was 1.42 degrees (n = 52; mean = 2.18 ± 2.23°) within 1 day after surgery and was significantly higher compared to all later intervals (median <1.0 degree; P = .001). At the 4 months follow-up, IOL rotation was within 5.0 degrees in 85% of the eyes (n = 40) and within 10.0 degrees in 98% (n = 46) of the eyes. The only eye with an IOL rotation of ≥ 10.ty0 degrees (EoS vs. 1 day) had an AL of 26.45 mm. At the last follow-up, the IOL vertical and horizontal tilt referenced to the pupillary axis was in average less than 1.5 degrees in both eyes (n = 54; maximum 5.85°). Decentration in both meridians was on average less than 0.10 mm in both eyes (maximum 0.30 mm). Conclusion: The one-piece Aspira-aXA IOL showed good and stable positioning within the capsular bag over a 4 months period.
Homeostatic and pathogenic roles of the GM3 ganglioside

Two decades ago, we achieved molecular cloning of ganglioside GM3 synthase (GM3S; ST3GAL5), the enzyme responsible for initiating biosynthesis of complex gangliosides. The efforts of our research group since then have been focused on clarifying the physiological and pathological roles of gangliosides, particularly GM3. This review summarizes our long‐term studies on the roles of GM3 in insulin resistance and adipogenesis in adipose tissues, cholesterol uptake in intestine, and leptin resistance in hypothalamus. We hypothesized that GM3 plays a role in innate immune function of macrophages and demonstrated that molecular species of GM3 with differing acyl‐chain structures and modifications functioned as pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory endogenous Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) modulators in macrophages. Very‐long‐chain and α‐hydroxy GM3 species enhanced TLR4 activation, whereas long‐chain and unsaturated GM3 species counteracted this effect. Lipidomic analyses of serum and adipose tissues revealed that imbalances between such pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory GM3 species promoted progression of metabolic disorders. GM3 thus functions as a physiological regulatory factor controlling the balance between homeostatic and pathological states. Ongoing studies based on these findings will clarify the mechanisms underlying ganglioside‐dependent control of energy homeostasis and innate immune responses.
Interpretation bias modification for hostility: A randomized clinical trial.

Objective: Hostility is a transdiagnostic phenomenon that can have a profound negative impact on interpersonal functioning and psychopathological severity. Evidence suggests that cognitive bias modification for interpretation bias (CBM-I) potentially reduces hostility. However, stringent efficacy studies in people with clinical levels of hostility are currently lacking. Method: The present study investigated the effects of CBM-I in two studies: one feasibility study (Study 1) in a mixed clinical-community sample of men (N = 29), and one randomized clinical study (Study 2) in a mixed-gender sample with clinical levels of hostility (N = 135), pre-registered at https://osf.io/r46jn. We expected that CBM-I would relate to a larger increase in benign interpretation bias and larger reductions in hostile interpretation bias, hostility symptoms and traits, and general psychiatric symptoms at post-intervention compared to an active control (AC) condition. We also explored the beneficial carry-over effects of CBM-I on working alliance in subsequent psychotherapy 5 weeks after finishing CBM-I (n = 17). Results: Results showed that CBM-I increased benign interpretation bias in both studies and partially reduced hostile interpretation bias in Study 2, but not in Study 1. Findings of Study 2 also showed greater reductions in behavioral (but not self-reported) aggression in CBM-I relative to control, but no condition differences were found in self-report hostility measures and general psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions: Overall, we found modest support for CBM-I as an intervention for hostility, with some evidence of its efficacy for hostile interpretation bias and aggression. We discuss study limitations as well as directions for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Interprofessional collaboration in hospital-based services for victims of sexual violence in South Korea: participating professionals’ different attitudes and their impacts on collaboration

ABSTRACT Human service professionals (HSPs) play important roles in supporting victims of sexual violence. When these professionals work together in various forms of collaboration, attitudes of professionals in different fields can sometimes facilitate or sometimes hinder collaboration. The effect of attitude can be further highlighted when HSPs collaborate with experts with different fields of sexual violence, such as police officers. This study examined the difference in the attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration and victims of sexual violence between HSPs and police officers in South Korea. Then, the effect of such attitudes on the degree of interprofessional collaboration was analyzed. Survey data were collected from 174 HSPs and 65 police officers at 34 hospital-based Sunflower Centers across South Korea. Results showed that HSPs had a more positive attitude toward the benefits of interprofessional collaboration, and had a less negative attitude toward victims of sexual violence, than police officers. The results further confirmed that collaboration can be strengthened by actively fostering interprofessional work and reducing prejudice against the victims. Based on these results, practical implications to promote the degree of interprofessional collaboration are suggested.
Myoclonus and Cerebellar Ataxia Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The current SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global health crisis. The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection ranges from asymptomatic infection to critical illness affecting almost every organ including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Myoclonus, a less expected and relatively unusual neurological complication, together with ataxia, has lately been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We describe the case of a 67-year-old male patient, admitted to our hospital for interstitial bilateral pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, who progressively developed general myoclonus and later cerebellar ataxia and gait disturbance. Given the timeline from COVID-19 systemic symptoms to neurological manifestations and the normal results of extensive and non-conclusive diagnostic work-up (blood test, lumbar puncture, EEG, cerebral MRI), a para-infectious encephalopathy related to SARS-CoV-2 was contemplated and a high dose of methylprednisolone was started with prompt symptom improvement. Further investigation and neuroepidemiological studies are needed to help define the mechanism of neuroinvasion and the entire spectrum of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, even in mildly affected patients, in terms of prevention, treatment and possible neurological sequelae. LEARNING POINTS SARS-CoV-2 infection can be related to neurological symptoms and sequelae.Myoclonus, specifically when associated with ataxia, might represent the expression of COVID-19-related encephalopathy.Myoclonus associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection mostly responds to treatment with steroids.
Use of an Observer Tool to Enhance Observers' Learning of Anesthesia Residents During High-Fidelity Simulation

Introduction The growing number of learners implies that all of them cannot play an active role during high-fidelity scenarios. Studies suggest a positive educational value when learners are observers only, but it remains uncertain whether learning outcomes might be improved by using an observer tool (OT). Methods Eighty-nine anesthesia residents were randomized to use an OT (n = 44, OT+; based on a cognitive aid) or not (n = 45, OT−) when not role-playing. The main outcome parameter was the learning outcomes assessed by comparing the change (before-after) in the response score to a questionnaire dedicated to medical knowledge obtained in the OT+ and OT− groups. The impact of using the OT was also assessed by measuring the perceived stress level and the change of the Anesthetists' Non-Technical Skill items values. Results At the end of the session, the mean medical knowledge score (mean ± SD) was higher in the OT+ group than in the OT− group (11.4 ± 2.7 vs. 9.6 ± 2.4, respectively, P = 0.0008). The mean Anesthetists' Non-Technical Skill score and level of stress perceived did not differ between groups. Trainees rated similarly the learning value and satisfaction related to the simulation course. Conclusions This study suggests that observing high-fidelity simulation scenarios using an OT based on a cognitive aid increases the medical knowledge gain when compared with that seen in passive observers. This study suggests that the use of an OT improves the educational value of simulation.
A comparison of phenomenological, clinical and familial psychiatric features of pediatric OCD and trichotillomania

Abstract Objectives Although trichotillomania (TTM) is classified in the obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) chapter of the DSM-5, several studies showed that it has several differences. The aim of this study was to examine the phenomenology, comorbidity, and family psychiatric characteristisc of childhood TTM and OCD. Methods This study compared youth ages 6–17 years with a primary diagnosis of TTM (n = 63) to those with primary OCD (n = 65) on clinical and familial psychiatric characteristics. Results In our study, the findings showed that family history of schizophrenia (42.3%) was higher among patients with TTM than the OCD group, while the history of OCD (55.8%) in the family was significantly higher among the OCD group (p < 0.001). The behaviour of plucking eyebrows was significantly higher among patients with TTM comorbid OCD than patients with only trichotillomania. TTM patients with comorbid OCD had one-dimensional symptom distribution than the presence of the OCD-only group, and the severity of OCD was lower. The incidence of pathological doubting was higher among the TTM group with comorbid OCD, than those with only OCD diagnosis. Conclusions These findings support significant differences between OCD and TTM. Differences between OCD and TTM may reflect differences in underlying psychobiology, and may necessitate contrasting treatment approaches. KEYPOINTS We aimed to compare the trichotillomania in itself and in the presence of OCD with the OCD group. Even if OCD accompanied trichotillomania, OCD symptom dimensions and severity were found to be lower than in the OCD-only group. Trichotillomania is a heterogeneous disorder with different dimensions besides the OCD spectrum.
Fluid and electrolyte balance considerations for female athletes

ABSTRACT This review explores the effects of oestrogen and progesterone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle on fluid and electrolyte balance. The review aims to provide information on this topic for the exercising female but also for researchers working in this field. Beginning with a basic introduction to fluid and electrolyte balance, the review goes on to describe how oestrogen and progesterone have independent and integrated roles to play in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance. Despite evidence that oestrogen can influence the osmotic threshold for arginine vasopressin release, and that progesterone can influence aldosterone production, these actions do not appear to influence fluid retention, plasma volume changes at rest and during exercise, or electrolyte losses. However, the large inter-individual variations in hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle may mean that specific individuals with high fluctuations could experience disturbances in their fluid and electrolyte balance. During phases of oestrogen dominance (e.g. late-follicular phase) heat dissipation is promoted, while progesterone dominance (e.g. mid-luteal phase) promotes heat conservation with overall higher basal body temperature. However, these responses do not consistently lead to any change in observed sweat rates, heat-stress, or dehydration during exercise. Finally, the literature does not support any difference in fluid retention during post-exercise rehydration periods conducted at different menstrual cycle phases. Although these mean responses largely reveal no effects on fluid and electrolyte balance, further research is required particularly in those individuals who experience high hormonal fluctuations, and greater exploration of oestrogen to progesterone interactions is warranted.
Early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy helps decrease recurrence rate of cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been used for treatment of cervical cancer for a long time; however, the role of early non-response on prognosis is still confusing. This study was designed to assess its impact on disease-free survival (DFS). METHODS Databases "PubMed", "Embase" and the "Cochrane Library" were searched out through May 2020, and both random effects model and fixed effect model were employed to calculate the main pooled results. I2 and Cochrane Q test were used to test the heterogeneity among the studies. Funnel plot with Begg's and Egger's tests was used to assess the publication bias that may exist in the study. Sensitivity analysis was performed to detect the origin of the heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 1,349 articles were found at first; then, after several rounds of exclusion, we identified 8 articles with 9 studies which were accordant with the standards of the inclusion. A combined analysis was performed among the 1,462 responders and 490 non-responders. For 1-year DFS, sub-analysis showed hazard ratio (HR) was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.14-0.43) using RECIST criteria; and HR was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.36- 0.75) using WHO criteria; Egger's test showed that P=0.35 for RECIST criteria and P=0.57 for WHO criteria; Begg's test showed P=0.34 for RECIST criteria and P=0.60 for WHO criteria. For 3-year DFS, HR was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.16-0.43) using RECIST criteria and was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.30-0.73) using WHO criteria. For 5-year DFS, HR was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.16-0.42) using RECIST criteria and was 0.49 (95% CI: 0.33-0.71) using WHO criteria. CONCLUSIONS Early non-response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly associated with higher recurrence of cervical cancer. Prospective randomized studies are warranted to validate this finding.
Method-dependent variation in TSH and FT4 reference intervals in pregnancy: A systematic review

Background Gestational TSH and FT4 reference intervals may differ according to assay method, but the extent of variation is unclear and has not been systematically evaluated. We conducted a systematic review of published studies on TSH and FT4 reference intervals in pregnancy. Our aim was to quantify method-related differences in gestation reference intervals, across four commonly used assay methods, Abbott, Beckman, Roche and Siemens. Methods We searched the literature for relevant studies, published between January 2000 and December 2020, in healthy pregnant women without thyroid antibodies or disease. For each study, we extracted trimester-specific reference intervals (2.5–97.5 percentiles) for TSH and FT4 as well as the manufacturer-provided reference interval for the corresponding non-pregnant population. Results TSH reference intervals showed a wide range of study-to-study differences with upper limits ranging from 2.33 to 8.30 mU/L. FT4 lower limits ranged from 4.40 to 13.93 pmol/L, with consistently lower reference intervals observed with the Beckman method. Differences between non-pregnant and first trimester reference intervals were highly variable, and for most studies, the TSH upper limit in the first trimester could not be predicted or extrapolated from non-pregnant values. Conclusions Our study confirms significant intra- and intermethod disparities in gestational thyroid hormone reference intervals. The relationship between pregnant and non-pregnant values is inconsistent and does not support the existing practice in many laboratories of extrapolating gestation references from non-pregnant values. Laboratories should invest in deriving method-specific gestation reference intervals for their population.
Stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience-The effects of naturalistic periods of elevated stress: A measurement-burst study.

Stress is an important consideration for understanding why individuals take part in limited or no physical activity. The negative effects of stress on physical activity do not hold for everyone, so examinations of possible resilience resources that might protect individuals from the harmful effects of stress are required. Accordingly, we conducted a measurement-burst study with 53 university students over a 6-month period to examine the dynamics among stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience resources. Participants completed three bursts of 6 days, with each burst separated by an 8-week gap. Expectations regarding the moderating effects of resilience resources were unsupported. Daily reports of academic and general stress were positively associated with sedentary behavior and negatively associated with light and moderate intensity physical activity. Hair cortisol concentration significantly moderated the association between academic stress and sedentary behavior, such that in bursts where cortisol was lower the daily positive association between stress and sedentary behavior was weaker. The finding that academic and general stress are dynamically associated with lower levels of light and moderate intensity physical activity and higher levels of sedentary behavior is an important extension to previous research, which has relied mainly on cross-sectional designs and self-report methods. Future research might examine resilience resources that are specific to the outcomes of interest rather than rely on generic resources.
A quality assessment of YouTube content on shoulder instability

ABSTRACT Objectives The Internet is a widely used resource for patients seeking health information, yet little editing or regulations are imposed on posted material. We sought to assess the quality and accuracy of information presented on shoulder instability on the online video platform YouTube. We hypothesize that YouTube videos concerning shoulder instability will be of little quality, accuracy, and reliability. Methods The first 50 YouTube videos resulting from the keyword query ‘shoulder instability’ were analyzed. The Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria (score range, 0–4) was used to assess video accuracy and reliability, and the Global Quality Score (GQS; score range, 0–5) was used to assess the quality of the video’s educational content along with a generated Shoulder-Specific Score (SSS). Results The 50 videos observed collectively had 5,007,486 views, with the mean number of views being 100,149.72 ± 227,218.04. Of all videos observed, 32% were from a medical source and 56% had content relating to pathology information. The mean JAMA score was 2.84 ± 0.74, with the highest scores coming from academic sources. The mean GQS and SSS scores were 2.68 ± 0.84 and 5.30 ± 3.78. The mean GQS score was highest in videos from medical sources (3.3 ± 0.8) and videos about surgical technique/approach (3.2 ± 1.1). Advertisements were negative predictors of the JAMA score (β = −0.324, P = 0.014), and academic (β = 0.322, P = 0.015) and physician sources (β = 0.356, P = 0.008) were positive predictors. Conclusion YouTube videos on shoulder instability are of low quality and accuracy and are not reliable. Care providers should be aware of the overall low quality of information available on YouTube regarding shoulder instability.