Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The comparision of Iranian Physician and Nurses attitudes towards Do- Not- Resusciate Orders

Abstract: Background and Aim Decision making process about Do- Not-Resusciate (DNR) order is unique, since, it is the only treatment decision that should be taken in advance. Most physicians and nurses are not sure whether and when to make a decision about DNR order and its moral aspects. The current study is performed to compare and investigate nurses and physicians attitude about DNR order for patients in their final phases of life. Materials and Methods In this descriptive–comparative study, 152 physicians and 152 nurses have been studied. The sampling method was stratified sampling. The data gathering tools were a demographical questionnaire and a attitude questionnaire about DNR order. Results The nurses and physicians in this research with averages of 3.25 for nurses and 3.22 for physicians, had a positive attitude about DNR order. But there was no significant difference between the attitude average score of the physicians and nurses about DNR order (p>0.5). Nurses and physicians with experience of participating in implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and DNR order, had more positive attitude toward DNR order Conclusions The findings suggest that there is no difference between the physician’s and nurse’s view about DNR order. Although there is a significant relationship between former experience of participating in implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and DNR order with positive attitude about DNR order. Keywords Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Physician; Nurse, Attitude
Prognostic Factors Influence on the Systemic Recurrence in Axillary Lymph Node Negative Breast Cancer

Purpose: Axillary lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer. Previous reports show differences that clinicopathologic factors influence the systemic recurrence and survival in axillary lymph node negative breast cancer. Thus, we have attempted to determine the prognostic factors influence on the systemic recurrence and survival in axillary lymph node negative breast cancer. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 1,351 node negative breast cancer patients who underwent curative surgery to determine the prognostic factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), family history, bilateral breast cancer, operation method, tumor size, stage, histologic grade, number of resected lymph nodes, hormone receptor status, overexpression of p53 and c-erbB2, and adjuvant therapy that influence the systemic recurrence and 10-year-distant relapse-free survival. Results: Systemic recurrence occurred in 58 patients (4.3%) during 53.3 months median follow up period. The tumor size (P=0.001), stage (P=0.005), histologic grade (P=0.049). ER (P=0.028), PR (P=0.002), overexpression of p53 (P=0.001) and bilateral breast cancer (P=0.043) were statistically significant factors that influenced the systemic recurrence. In multivariate analysis, only tumor size was associated with the systemic recurrence (P=0.003). Tumor size (P=0.004), histologic grade (P=0.035), ER (P=0.046), PR (P=0.001) and bilateral cancer (P=0.003) were statistically significant factors that influenced 10-year-distant relapse-free survival. Conclusion: The larger tumor size was determined to be an independent prognostic value in axillary lymph node negative breast cancer.
Usefulness of Urine Mass Spectrometry to Identify Women Infected with HPV 16 or Diagnosed with Higher Grades of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Identification of women infected with human papilloma virus 16 (HPV 16) or with higher grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) using costeffective and non-invasive tests will help to eliminate the worldwide burden of cervical cancer. The aim of the study was to explore the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of- flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) to identify women infected with HPV 16 or diagnosed with CIN 2+ using urine samples. An additional aim was to compare several statistical and data mining techniques used to build predictive algorithms. The study used urine samples collected from 235 women diagnosed with abnormal cervical cytology. 87 and 148 women were diagnosed with CIN 2+ (cases) and ≤CIN 1 (non-cases), respectively. 126 and 109 women were tested positive or negative for HPV16, respectively. The cross-validated accuracy for detecting CIN 2+ varied from 62-73% based on the predictive technique used suggesting the usefulness of comparing different predictive modeling techniques. The positive predictive value (PPV) for detecting CIN 2+ was higher than previous studies and varied from 70% to 79%, with highest PPV noted among HPV 16 negative and African American (AA) women. Similar to CIN 2+ predictive models, the cross validated predictive accuracy for HPV 16 infections varied based on the predictive technique used, from 53% to 75%. The best PPV (75%) for HPV 16 infections was observed for AA women and the worst PPV for Caucasian American (CA) women (62%), suggesting racial differences in the usefulness of MALDI-TOF-MS based tests. The PPVs for detecting CIN 2+ or HPV16 infections were ~ 75%, a reasonably good result given the fact that non-invasively collected samples used may allow repeat testing, especially if cost-effective ELISA tests based on the discriminatory features identified in our study can be developed in the future.
Evaluation of Xylazine, Acepromazine and Medetomidine with Ketamine for General Anaesthesia in Rabbits

A randomized, prospective, blinded experimental study was conducted in 32 rabbits of either sex to compareÂ the anaesthetic and physiological effects of ketamine with different pre-anaesthetics. Rabbits wereÂ randomly divided into 4 equal groups. Xylazine 6 mg/kg in animals of group xylazine-ketamine (XK), acepromazineÂ 2 mg/kg in animals of group acepromazine-ketamine (AK), medetomidine 125 I¼g/kg in groupÂ medetomidine-ketamine 1 (MK1) or medetomidine 250 I¼g/kg in group medetomidine-ketamine 2 (MK2)Â were administered by intramuscular injection (IM). Five minutes later, ketamine 60 mg/kg was administeredÂ intramuscularly to all the groups. The rabbits were observed for the onset of weak time, down time,Â the time to loss of righting reflex, pedal reflexes and response to surgical stimuli. Heart rate, respiratoryÂ rate and rectal temperature and arterial oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (SpO2) were recorded up to 60Â min. Weak time, down time and time to loss of righting reflex were the shortest in animals of group MK2Â as compared to the other groups. Pedal reflexes remained intact in all the animals of XK group, but wereÂ abolished in 50% of the AK group, 75% of the MK1 group and 100% of animals in the MK2 group. PainÂ was evinced during surgery by all the animals in group XK, 5 animals in group AK and 4 animals in groupÂ MK1. The best analgesia was achieved in the animals of group MK2, where none of the animals showedÂ pain on surgical stimulation. Heart rate and SpO2 decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the animals of groupsÂ XK, MK1 and MK2 but respiratory rate and rectal temperature decreased significantly (P<0.01) in all theÂ groups. However, all the animals recovered from anaesthesia without complications. It was concluded thatÂ medetomidine 250 Âµg/kg and ketamine 60 mg/kg produced excellent anaesthesia to allow pain free surgeryÂ and may be considered suitable for anaesthesia in New Zealand White rabbits. Â
Personality changes in HIV-infected patients who have been receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy

Introduction: The major objective of this paper was to search for personality changes in people diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as to investigate their level of self-esteem, psychosocial benefits, and cognitive appraisal of the infection. We have also analysed how the subjective appraisal of the infection correlates with personality traits, the level of psychosocial benefits, and variables related to antiretroviral therapy (ARV). Material and methods: The study involved 32 HIV-infected patients who had been receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Research tools used: Adjective Check List (ACL), Silver Lining Questionnaire (SL-24), Disease-Related Appraisals Scale (DRAS), and our own questionnaire used to obtain socio-demographic information and data related to ARV therapy. Results: The study proved there are statistically significant differences between the Actual self and the Retrospective self profiles regardig the need for change, submission, and the Adapted Child ego. The level of self-esteem in HIV-infected patients emerged po be sinificantly lower when compared to other clinical control groups. Patients with HIV reported psychosocial benefits regarding their life philosophy, improved character strength, and improved interpersonal relationships. The cognitive appraisal of the HIV infection correlated significantly with certain personality traits as well as the level of psychosocial benefits, the duration of ARV therapy, and the CD4 cell count. Conclusions: The diagnosis of HIV infection may cause personality changes in the affected person. HIV-infected patients have a low level of self-esteem. Also, they may experience post-traumatic growth. People infected with HIV create a subjective (cognitive) assessment of their situation, which proves to depend on their personality traits, the level of psychosocial benefits, and treatment-related variables. HIV AIDS Rev 2019; 18, 3: 165-175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2019. 88445
Synthesis of [RMIM] Acetate Halogen-Free Ionic Liquids for Use as Greener Solvents in Diels-Alder Reaction

The development of cleaner technologies is a major emphasis in green chemistry. Among the several features of green chemistry, the reduction/replacement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the reaction medium is of greatest concern. VOCs have been heavily implicated in causing changes to the global climate, the formulation of smog, as well as being identified as a source of ozone depletion (Holbrey and Seddon 1999). Based on the large quantities of volatile compounds lost or consumed, replacement with greener, less polluting and non-volatile alternatives will permit significant advances towards pollution control. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of solvents that can be used as alternative reaction media.
Urinary Albumin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes Patients (T2DM) With Albuminuria Treated With Sitagliptin as Add-on Therapy to Metformin: A Real World Data Study

Reduction in Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (UACR) by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) therapy was documented in clinical trials in T2DM patients with albuminuria. To examine whether a similar effect occurs in the real world, we analyzed a large Israeli HMO database. We identified 1,248 eligible T2DM patients with albuminuria who had sitagliptin added to their metformin therapy for at least 120 days. Baseline UACR, taken 4 months before sitagliptin initiation, was divided to three categories: 30-100 mg/gr found in 54.3% (n=643), 100-300 mg/g in 26.3% (n= 28) and >300 mg/g in 19% (n=237). All patients had a second UACR after >60 days on sitagliptin and an eGFR >45 ml/min. A total of 523 (41.9%) patients moved to a lower UACR category at follow-up and 561 (45%) stayed at the same baseline UACR category, while 164 patients (13.1%) shifted to a higher UACR category. 58% (n=658) experienced a reduction of over 20% of baseline UACR. HbA1c levels were reduced by 0.69% (P<0.001). UACR was significantly (P<0.01) improved even for patients with no reduction in HbA1c. In a multivariable model, being in the highest baseline UACR category was associated with an odds ratio of 3.88 (95% CI: 2.40-6.25) for having at least 20% UACR reduction compared with being in the lowest category. Males and obese patients were significantly less likely to achieve a 20% reduction in their UACR level. Changes in UACR were associated with changes in HbA1c (r=0.208, p<0.001) but not with baseline HbA1c. In conclusion, a majority of T2DM patients with micro- and macroalbuminuria treated with sitagliptin as add-on therapy to metformin experienced a reduction in urinary albumin excretion. The magnitude of improvement in UACR was related to HbA1c reduction; however, reduction in UACR was significant even when there was no reduction in HbA1c levels. Whether this represents a glucose independent, DPP-4-dependent mechanism of albuminuria reduction needs further study.
Pathologic Studies On Ovarian Abnormalities In Nagas (Camelus Dromedarius) In Al -Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

The present study was conducted to assess the type and prevalence of ovarian abnormalities in nagas slaughtered at Al-Ahsa slaughterhouse or admitted to necropsy theatre at College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources (King Faisal University). The ovaries of (n=600) non pregnant nagas were collected and examined. The abnormalities were recorded in 61 nagas (10.16%). The average incidence of various conditions encountered in order of frequency was: follicular cysts (3.83%), luteal cysts (2.16%), infundibular cysts (1.33%), haemorrhagic cysts (1.33%), ovario-bursal adhesions (0.5%). para-ovarian cysts (0.5%), oophoritis (0.17%), teratoma (0.17%) and ovarian adenoma (0.17%). The study clarified that the follicular, luteal cysts, infundibular cysts and haemorrhagic cysts were the most common ovarian abnormalities in nagas in Al-Ahsa province, Saudi Arabia. These abnormalities seem to play a role on ovarian dysfunction.
Dental Caries and Salivary Immunoglobulin A in Relation to ABO Blood Type and Rh Factor among Dental Students Aged 20-21 Years Old

Background: (ABO) Blood type has an effect on general health including oral health. Dental caries are the common infectious disease of the mouth. Saliva plays significant roles in oral cavity; for example, salivary immunoglobulin’s play important role in immunity of the body and the mouth. Various studies conducted on the different effects of IgA on oral cavity, especially dental caries, and found controversial results. The aim of the current study is to assess of the prevalence of caries experience among different blood type in relation to salivary IgA. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and nine students in college of dentistry, Baghdad University aged 20 years old were selected; they were divided to four groups regarding to their blood type, Dental experience was diagnosed and recorded according to DMFs Index, this allows recording decayed lesion by severity. Saliva sample pooled for analysis. Results: In the current study the blood type O was more common followed by A and B, whereas the less common was AB type, also the present study found only few students with AB-. Caries experiences (DMFs) found to be statistically significant among different blood types, since DMFs was higher among type AB and lowest among A blood type. Level of salivary IgA was high among blood type O and low among blood type AB. Also its level among blood group with Rh- higher than that with Rh+. Finally, this study found that there is inverse relation between dental caries and salivary IgA. Conclusion: ABO blood type and Rh have an effect on prevalence of caries and level of IgA in saliva.
Prevalence of Methicillin, Vancomycin and Multidrug Resistance among Staphylococcus aureus

Background and Objectives: The treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections is becoming increasingly more complicated due to the emergence of various types of antibiotic resistance. The present study was undertaken to know the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin intermediate and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA and VRSA respectively) and multidrug resistant MRSA and to evaluate the phenotypic detection methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 non-duplicate isolates of Staphylococcus aureus which were isolated from various clinical samples were tested for methicillin resistance by using the oxacillin disc diffusion test (1µg), the cefoxitin disc diffusion test (30 µg) and the oxacillin agar screen method (Muller Hinton agar (MHA) with 4% NaCl+6 µg/ ml oxacillin). Vancomycin screen agar (MHA containing 5 µg/ml vancomycin) was used for screening the VISA/VRSA isolates. The MIC of vancomycin was determined by using the agar dilution method and the E-test. The antibiogram of the isolates to other antibiotics was studied by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: 80 (32%) isolates were found to be methicillin resistant by the cefoxitin disc diffusion method, 78 (31.2%) were found to be methicillin resistant by the oxacillin agar screen test and 77 (30.8%) were found to be methicillin resistant by the oxacillin disc diffusion method. No VISA and VRSA isolate was detected by using the vancomycin screen agar test, agar dilution and the E-test. The vancomycin screen agar showed 100% specificity and 100% negative predictive value. Sixty seven (83.8%) of the 80 MRSA isolates and 26.8 % of the total 250 Staphylococcus aureus isolates tested were found to be multidrug resistant MRSA. Conclusions: Where the facilities are limited, the cefoxitin disc diffusion test and the vancomycin screen agar test can be used for screening the MRSA and the VRSA isolates respectively. With the revised CLSI guidelines, the screening method for VISA with an MIC of 4µg/ml needs to be evaluated with further more
RECTAL CULTURE SURVEILLANCE AND DEVELOPED SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS IN VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI AND CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE CARRIERS

Introduction: Globally, in the young age group of people mortality and morbidity is due to the high-energy trauma. The losing of young age group of population will get impact in the social economic losses of family as well as the nation. Fractures are generally caused by high-energy trauma, high-impact accidents and are often associated with injuries to other organic lesions like abdominal viscera, genitourinary system, neurovascular, musculoskeletal structures and central nervous system. There was relatively low rate of occurrence of facture of pelvic injuries that associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality. According to the studied of the post-mortem examined only in children 66 deaths caused by trauma that showing pelvic fracture and severe bleeding to be the cause of death in 42% of the cases. In the case of adult in cases of unstable pelvic fractures retroperitoneal bleeding is the worst complication. Aim: The main objective of this study is to study of Unstable Pelvic Fractures from children in tertiary care hospital Material and methods: In this study total 10 patients were included who had suffered unstable fractures of the pelvic ring with the age from 1 to 15 years old. From all the patients detail clinical history were taken with analysis of the pre and postoperative radiographs by presence of the triradiate cartilage of the iliac. Result: In this study total 10 patients were included with unstable fractures of the pelvic ring evaluated where female were 6 and male were 4 with the ration 6: 4. The age ranges were 2 to 15 years with the mean age 7.5±4 years old. Symphysis disjunctions of the pubic facture were present in maximum with the facture of two rami and facture of four rami respectively. In five of the cases Sacroiliac dislocation correspond to posterior lesion were seen. The AO-OTA classification was used to evaluate the cases with the following distribution as 61 B1 (one case); 61 B2 (one case); 61 C3 (one cases), 61 C2 (one case) and 61 C1 (seven cases). Conclusion: Now a day’s also many research which still have a controversy for treatment, which has been recommended for treating these fractures for many years. Their concerns relate to the complications encountered that in leg length and residual pain in the sacroiliac joint. Keywords: unstable pelvic facture, pelvic asymmetry, children
A cross sectional study of Pulmonary Function Tests in street cleaners inAligarh, India

Street cleaners are exposed to different types of dusts, Bio-aerosols and fumes . These have deleterious effect on Lung functions . So we carried out this Study to see the effect of these in occupationally exposed persons that is Street cleaners (working for more than five years). In this Cross Sectional Study the study group comprised of 110 Street cleaners (working for more than five years) of which 80 were non-smokers and 30 were smokers and 60 Control subjects of which 30 were non-smokers and 30 were smokers . The Pulmonary Functions of these workers and Control Subjects were assessed using MIR (Medical International Lab) Spiro Lab II Spirometer in sitting position after taking valid written consent. There wasstatistically significant decrease in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) ,Forced Expiratory Volume in first second( FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio <80% and Forced Expiratory Flow at 25%-75% of volume as percentage of Vital Capacity (FEF 25%-75%). So we found that the Occupational exposure of the workers to harmful dust, gases and Bio-aerosols leads to Obstructive type of impairment of Lung functions .
Do combined oral contraceptive users know how to take their pill correctly

The objective of this study was to determine if women taking the 21-day combined oral contraceptive (OC) understand how to take their pill who has taught them to take their OCs and if reteaching the pill rules was valuable. A questionnaire was administered and completed by 40 randomly selected women attending 2 family planning clinics in Westminster and North Kensington locality of Parkside Health Authority in 25 nonconsecutive sessions. The data was then manually analyzed. Although over 80% of women knew about the basic pill taking regime approximately 50% did not know of any factors which might reduce the pills efficacy. There was no significant difference in the understanding between those who had been retaught and those who had not. There is a high level of misunderstanding and confusion about the pill rules among OC users. (authors modified)
UV-B TOLERANT MUTANT ARABIDOPSIS RCD1-1 EXHIBITS HIGHER PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY AND LESS OXIDATIVE DAMAGE

UV-B radiation has diverse biological effects on plants. The tolerance of rcd1-1 mutant to UV-B radiation was studied in the present research. Leaves of the wild type under UV-B exhibited chlorosis, curling, and necrotic lesions, but these phenomena were not observed in the rcd1-1 mutant. The rcd1-1 mutant accumulated less H2O2 and O2 under UV-B radiation, and had higher activity of anti-oxidative enzymes. UV-B radiation led to accumulation of UV-B absorbing compounds as flavonoids, and anthocyanins. The rcd1-1 mutant under UV-B radiation had higher maximum quantum efficiency of primary photochemistry and exhibited less of a decrease of effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PS II and photochemical quenching of variable chlorophyll fluorescence yield. The rcd1-1 mutant also showed higher non-photochemical quenching, indicating that it could dissipate excess energy. The psbA gene were more highly expressed in the rcd1-1 mutant, while ANAC013 and UNE10 genes were negatively regulated. This may explain why the mutant had a higher photosynthetic capability under UV-B radiation. It can be confirmed that the tolerant Arabidopsis rcd1-1 mutant under UV-B radiation exhibits higher photosynthetic activity and less oxidative damage than the wild type.