Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Philautus (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae) from Northern Laos

A new Philautus is described from Phou Dendin National Biodiversity Conservation Area in northern Laos. Philautus petilus sp. nov. is most remarkable by having a very slender, elongate habitus. Other distinguishing characteristics include having a tympanum diameter 80% of the eye diameter, white asperities on the dorsum, and distinctive coloration consisting of a soft yellow-beige dorsolateral surface with broken black stripes posteriorly, a lavender wash on dorsal surface of limbs, upper lip, and sides, a black stripe below edge of canthus extending from snout tip to flanks near level of mid-body, and a black spot equal in diameter to the tympanum located just anterior to the inguinal region.
Essential thrombocythemia: Biology, clinical features, thrombotic risk, therapeutic options and outcome

Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) is currently classifi ed as a Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) together with polycythemia vera (PV) and primary myelofi brosis (PMF); the latter can be further divided in pre-fi brotic primary myelofi brosis (pre-PMF) and overt myelofi brosis, as listed in the revised 2016 World Health Organization classifi cation of myeloid malignancies (WHO 2016). Overall, respect to the others MPNs, ET is characterized by favorable prognosis, lower life expectancy if compared to the control population, increased risk of thrombohemorrhagic complications along with possible evolution in myelofi brosis and leukemic transformation. In this review the authors will review current knowledge on biology, clinical aspects, prognosis and stratifi cation of thrombotic risk, therapeutic options and outcome in ET patients. Review Article
A Decision Support System for Identifying and Ranking Critical Habitat Parcels on and in the Vicinity of Department of Defense Installations

Abstract : Our objective was to develop a user-friendly GIS-based spatially-explicit decision support system (DSS) from red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) (RCW) habitat and population information that will help Department of Defense personnel identify and prioritize habitat parcels on and in the vicinity of DOD installations in the Southeastern United States. We accomplished this by linking a previously existing spatially-explicit, individual-based, RCW population model to the landscape through habitat suitability requirements, in a user-friendly form that operates as a toolbar within ESRI ArcMap. The DSS provides two options for classifying habitat as suitable or unsuitable for RCWs, land cover and habitat quality index, and three options for the amount of suitable habitat required per territory. Testing of the DSS included both model validation and model verification. Validation exercises indicated that the model simulates population dynamics well, but is conservative in its habitat requirements, that is, RCW groups can sometimes persist on fewer acres of suitable habitat than required in the model. We performed two additional modeling exercises to demonstrate the utility of the DSS, the first an assessment of the potential of private lands being considered for purchase to contribute to the RCW population at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, the second an assessment of the impact of new range construction on the RCW population at Fort Benning. The DSS allows users to project the impact of any change in land use or management within their existing land base, or additions to or subtractions from that land base, on their RCW population.
Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Utilizing a Mixed-Strategy Approach in Infectious Disease Control under a Voluntary Vaccination Policy

Infectious diseases pose significant public health risks, necessitating effective control strategies. One such strategy is implementing a voluntary vaccination policy, which grants individuals the autonomy to make their own decisions regarding vaccination. However, exploring different approaches to optimize disease control outcomes is imperative, and involves assessing their associated costs and benefits. This study analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of employing a mixed-strategy approach under a voluntary vaccination policy in infectious disease control. We examine the potential benefits of such an approach by utilizing a vaccination game model that incorporates cost and benefit factors, where lower costs and higher benefits lead to reduced infection rates. Here, we introduce a mixed-strategy framework that combines individual-based risk assessment (IB-RA) and society-based risk assessment (SB-RA) strategies. A novel dynamical equation is proposed that captures the decision-making process of individuals as they choose their strategy based on personal or communal considerations. In addition, we explore the implications of the mixed-strategy approach within the context of social dilemmas. We examine deviations from expected behavior and the concept of social efficiency deficit (SED) by allowing for the evolution of vaccine strategy preferences alongside risk perception. By comprehensively evaluating the financial implications and societal advantages associated with the mixed-strategy approach, decision-makers can allocate resources and implement measures to combat infectious diseases within the framework of a voluntary vaccination policy.
Partial Replacement of Synthetic Vitamin E by Polyphenols in Post-Weaning Piglets

Vitamin E is an essential nutrient usually recommended in post-weaning piglets, when a decline in the serum vitamin E concentration is observed. Selected polyphenols have the potential to partially replace vitamin E in animal feed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the dietary inclusion of some commercial polyphenol products (PPs) on the growth performance, antioxidant status and immunity of post-weaning piglets. A total of 300 piglets (BW 7.18 kg ± 1.18) were randomly assigned to six dietary groups: CON− (40 mg/kg vitamin E); CON+(175.8 mg/kg vitamin E); and PP1, PP2, PP3 and PP4, in which 50% vitamin E of CON+ was replaced with PP with equivalent vitamin E activity. The PP1 group exhibited lower performance (p < 0.05) than the other dietary groups, but a similar performance to that commonly registered in pig farms. Dietary polyphenols did not influence the IgG concentration or the IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokine concentrations. A lower IL-8 level was found in the PP4 group than in the other groups. The diets that affected the vitamin A content showed the highest value (p < 0.05) in the PP1 group, and a trend was noted for vitamin E with a higher content in PP4 and CON+. The polyphenols-enriched diets, especially the PP3 diet, maintained an antioxidant capacity (whole blood KRL) similar to the CON+ diet. In conclusion, the replacement of vitamin E with all PPs enables partial vitamin E substitution in post-weaning piglets.
A passive control of magnetohydrodynamic flow of a blood‐based Casson hybrid nanofluid over a convectively heated bi‐directional stretching surface

Hybrid nanofluids, which are used in nanotechnology, are advanced fluid classes with enriched thermal properties that produce superior outcomes than nanofluids. There are too many applications of hybrid nanofluids in engineering cosmetics, the automotive industry, the home industry, cancer treatment, textiles, paper plastics, paints, and soaps. The purpose of this study is to investigate the heat transfer rate of magnetohydrodynamic flow of Casson hybrid non‐Newtonian nanofluid across an enlarging surface. The current work focuses on magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanoliquid flow across an extending 3‐D sheet. Additionally, zero mass flux and an adequate convective heating procedure are used as boundary conditions in this investigation. Blood serves as the base fluid, into which copper and alumina nanoparticles are dissolved to form a hybrid nanofluid. Adjusting the applicable similarity transformation, the present modeled equations are converted into dimensionless form. The Homotopy analysis approach (HAM) computes the resulting systems and illustrates them graphically to explain the flow behavior at the extending electrically conducting surface. Additionally, for changes in the non‐dimensional physical constraint values, the variations in physical quantities such as the skin friction, temperature, Nusselt number and velocity profiles are explained. The results of the current investigation demonstrated that a magnetic field and a non‐Newtonian parameter reduce the hybrid nanoliquid's velocity. The temperature profile goes up with thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The x−$x - $ component of velocity is found to fall as the stretching ratio parameter rises, while the component of velocity in the y−$y - $ direction experiences the opposite impact. When the parameters of a chemical reaction are adjusted upwards, the concentration profile deteriorates. It is originated that the rate at which heat is transferred by hybrid nanofluids is significantly more progressive than that of nanofluids.
Instantaneous photosynthetic response to temperature of mature forest canopies and experimentally warmed seedlings

Tropical trees have been shown to be more susceptible to warming compared to temperate species, and have shown growth and photosynthetic declines at elevated temperatures as little as 3oC above ambient. However, regional and global vegetation models lack the data needed to accurately represent physiological response to increased temperatures in tropical forests. We compared the instantaneous photosynthetic responses to elevated temperatures of four mature tropical rainforest tree species in Puerto Rico and the temperate broadleaf species sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in Michigan. Contrary to expectations, leaves in the upper canopy of both temperate and tropical forests had temperature optima that are already exceeded by mean daily leaf temperatures. This indicates that tropical and temperate forests are already seeing photosynthesis decline at mid-day temperature. This decline may worsen as air temperatures rise with climate change if trees are unable to acclimate, increasing the likelihood that forests may shift from carbon sinks to sources. A secondary study was conducted on experimentally warmed sugar maple seedlings to determine if photosynthesis had been able to acclimate to +5oC air temperature over four years. Species abundance models had predicted a decline of sugar maple within the Upper Peninsula of Michigan over the next 100 years, due to elevated temperature and altered precipitation. Instantaneous photosynthetic temperature response curves on both control and heated seedlings showed that the differences between treatments were not statistically significant, though there was a 16% increase in temperature optima and a 3% increase in maximum rates of photosynthesis in warmed
Chukchi Reindeer Grazing and Changes to Grazing Territory in Northeastern Siberia

L'A. examine differents aspects du pâturage chez les eleveurs de rennes chukchi en Siberie du Nord-Est, et il analyse le processus de changement dans le pâturage des rennes depuis la fin de l'Union Sovietique. A partir d'une enquete realisee en 1997 dans le village de Rytkuchi (district de Chaun, Okrug autonome de Tchoukotka de la Federation russe), il tente plus particulierement de determiner si tous les changements dans le pâturage furent imposes aux Chukchi ou si ces changements peuvent etre consideres comme une reponse des Chukchi aux transformations du systeme politico-economique.
A Preliminary Study of Precursors to Huntsville Microbursts

Abstract : Automated algorithms are being developed for the detection of wind shears such as microbursts and gust fronts. Previous studies have shown that these outflows can be hazardous to an airplane during takeoffs and landings. The ultimate goal of a microburst detection algorithm is the timely warning of potentially hazardous wind shears through the detection of reliable precursors. Research in Colorado and Oklahoma documented the significance of precursors such as descending reflectivity cores, convergence, rotation, and reflectivity notching as indicators that a microburst will occur in the very near future. The overall importance of an individual feature varies between regions. This investigation will focus on those precursors which play a dominant role in the formation of wet microbursts in the southeastern United States. The data analyzed in this report was gathered by the FAA TDWR S-band Doppler radar during 1985 and 1986 in Memphis, Tennessee, and Huntsville, Alabama. Keywords: Range height indicators; Plan position indicators; Terminal doppler weather radar; Microbursts; Gust front; Reflectivity notching; Microburst precursor; False alarms.
Formulating biomass allometric model for Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen (Sengon) in smallholder plantations, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract The forests in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia have been heavily impacted by logging, mining, fires, and other degradation activities for over 30 years. To address this, the Indonesian government has promoted community-based forest management schemes. One such scheme, called Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm), has introduced Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) in smallholder plantations in Rungan Barat, Gunung Mas, Central Kalimantan. However, accurate estimation of biomass is crucial for carbon sequestration credits, but there are no specific allometric models for estimating Sengon above-ground biomass (AGB) in this area. To create a site-specific AGB allometric model for Sengon, 23 trees were felled to collect fresh biomass data. Various tree variables, such as diameter at breast height: 1.3 m (DBH), total height, merchantable height, and stem bole volume were measured for each sample tree. The average wood basic density of Sengon at the study site was also calculated. A total of nine alternative candidate regression equations were fitted and tested to select the best-fit AGB allometric model. Also, to assess the adaptedness of the identified AGB allometric model, comparisons with the models from literature, and comparisons between two interchangeable methodologies (i.e. direct biomass allometric model and biomass expansion factor (BEF)-based biomass estimation) were undertaken. This study has developed a regression function, denoted as to estimate the AGB of Sengon trees in smallholder plantations in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The formulated regression function demonstrated better estimation performance compared to common pantropical and regional AGB allometric models. In terms of the BEF-biomass approach, the AGB estimation derived from Smalian’s volume was relatively accurate, close to the mean AGB obtained by the formulated model in this study. In summary, this study proposes using the developed model, based solely on DBH, to accurately estimate AGB and carbon sequestration potential in Sengon trees. The accurate estimation of AGB using this model has additional advantages, including facilitating carbon credit acquisition and informing long-term management decisions.
Can Anaphora Resolution Improve Extractive Query-Focused Multi-Document Summarization?

Query-Focused Multi-Document Summarization (QF-MDS) is the task of automatically generating a summary from a collection of documents that answers a specific user’s query. Extractive methods are primarily based on identifying, selecting, and ranking sentences according to their relevance to the given query. These methods have shown promising results; however, they may yield incoherent summaries when pronominal anaphoric expressions appear unbound. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel method that leverages both contextual embeddings and anaphora resolution methods. More specifically, the Sentence-BERT (SBERT) model is employed to generate contextual embeddings for the sentences in the documents and the user’s query. Additionally, the SpanBERT model is utilized to resolve unbound pronominal references in the input sentences of the documents, aiming to improve the cohesiveness of the generated summaries. We have conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis using quantitative and qualitative evaluations against other state-of-the-art systems on the standard DUC’2005 and DUC’2007 datasets. The results obtained show that the proposed method is competitive and outperforms recent query-focused multi-document summarization systems on certain ROUGE evaluation measures. Furthermore, human evaluation results further confirm that our method is able to generate more informative, cohesive, and less redundant summaries.
Postoperative Load Bearing in Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures Around Hip Arthroplasty: A Survey Among Orthopedic Surgeons in the Netherlands

Introduction: Permissive weight bearing (PWB) has relatively recently been implemented to optimize rapid clinical recovery and restoration of function in patients suffering lower extremity fractures. PWB shows outcome advantages in this patient category. Currently, there are no decisive recommendations on postoperative load-bearing management after surgically treated periprosthetic femoral fractures (PPFF) around hip arthroplasty. The objective is to investigate the current postoperative practice of weight-bearing instructions for patients with surgically treated PPFF, accounting for differences in types of periprosthetic fractures and treatment options among Dutch orthopedic surgeons. Materials and methods: An online survey was distributed among the members of the hip and trauma working groups of the Dutch Orthopedic Association. Results: The response rate was 13% (n=75). The main finding was that postoperative load bearing regimes in Vancouver A, B, and C PPFFs differed greatly among Dutch orthopedic surgeons, and there was no decisive guideline or consensus in postoperative load bearing regimes after surgically treated PPFF was used in the Netherlands. Conclusion: In the absence of decisive guidelines or consensus, more research is needed to explore the efficacy of PWB after surgically treated PPFF.
ALNet: Auxiliary Learning-Based Network for Weakly Supervised Building Extraction From High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) based on image-level labels can reduce the expensive costs of annotating pixel-level labels, and it has achieved great progress by generating class activation maps (CAMs) as pseudo-labels for training a segmentation model. However, it is challenging to generate high-quality CAMs due to the large supervision gap between classification and segmentation. To aid in mitigating the supervision gap, we first designed a simple but effective feature-to-image restoration (FTIR) branch to acquire supplementary pixel-wise supervisory information. Second, to effectively utilize FTIR supervision in addressing the supervision gap, we have developed an auxiliary learning-based network (ALNet) that incorporates the FTIR as an auxiliary task to support the primary WSSS task. By integrating them into a unified framework, the proposed network can leverage the FTIR supervision to enhance the performance of WSSS. Third, we propose a semantic-aware multilevel feature progressive aggregation module (SMPA) to enhance the fusion of multilevel features, accommodating the varying feature requirements of the two distinct tasks at different levels of granularity. Finally, we also introduce a global reasoning augmentation module (GloRe) into our model to further strengthen global correlations between similar building objects. Extensive experiments on public high-resolution remote sensing images (HRSI) building datasets, including the WHU dataset and the InriaAID dataset, demonstrate that with the assistance of the FTIR, the proposed ALNet with the SMPA and the GloRe can produce more integral and accurate CAMs for weakly supervised building extraction in HRSIs, and achieve state-of-the-art performance that significantly surpasses other WSSS methods.
COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL- AND CASE-BASED METHOD FOR LEARNING PHYSIOLOGY AMONG 1ST YEAR MBBS STUDENTS

Objective: The medical science of physiology is both basic and applied. Traditional physiology instruction is teacher-centered, with little involvement from the students. A self-directed learning strategy focused on training through the use of personal narratives is known as case-based learning (CBL). The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of CBL method in teaching physiology among 1st year MBBS students. Methods: This study was conducted among 1st year MBBS students of 2022–2023 batch. The study design included a pre-test, a CBL discussion on a specific topic, and a post-test following the CBL session. MS Excel and SPSS version 23 were used to gather, tabulate, and statistically analyze the data. Results from the pre-and post-tests were compared using the student’s “t” test, and p<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. The 12 questions that made up the feedback survey were all expressed as percentages. Results: When pre-and post-test results were compared, the post-test score after the CBL session was significantly better than the pre-test score of the session. The majority of students supported CBL activities. In student feedback, more than 95% of the students thought CBL classes helped interaction among them. More than 94% of the students thought CBL classes helped in clearing doubts, helped in increasing interest. More than 91% of the students thought CBL classes improved conceptual thinking. Conclusion: Through active learning, CBL can be utilized as an addition to lectures to augment standard teaching/learning approaches. It encourages the drive to learn and the development of clinical reasoning
History of Low Birth Weight and Exclusive Breastfeeding on the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection in Children Under Five Years

Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are one of the main causes of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a health problem that often occurs in children, and the group most at risk is children under five years. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and exclusive breastfeeding on the incidence of ARI in the working area of the Loa Bakung Public Health Center, Samarinda. This type of research is quantitative research using a cross-sectional approach. The samples in this study were parents of children under five who visited the Posyandu in the working area of the Loa Bakung Public Health Center, Samarinda. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample of 181 respondents. The analytical test used in this research is chi-square. The chi-square test results on the history of LBW obtained a p-value = 0.373 and exclusive breastfeeding with a p-value = 0.440. This shows no relationship between a history of LBW and exclusive breastfeeding on the incidence of ARI at the Loa Bakung Public Health Center, Samarinda. The incidence of ARI in children under five years at the Loa Bakung Public Health Center, Samarinda, is not influenced by a history of LBW and exclusive breastfeeding. Still, other factors could have influenced the incident that was not carried out in this study. The role of parents is very important in maintaining the health of their children under five years to prevent the occurrence of ARI in their children under five years.