Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monitoring external load in elite male handball players depending on playing positions

Monitoring workload is critical for elite training and competition, as well as preventing potential sports injuries. The assessment of external load in team sports has been provided with new technologies that help coaches to individualize training and optimize their team’s playing system. In this study we characterized the physical demands of an elite handball team during an entire sports season. Novel data are reported for each playing position of this highly strenuous body-contact team sport. Sixteen world top players (5 wings, 2 centre backs, 6 backs, 3 line players) were equipped with a local positioning system (WIMU PRO) during fourteen official Spanish first league matches. Playing time, total distance covered at different running speeds, and acceleration variables were monitored. During a handball match, wings cover the greater distance by high-speed running (> 5.0 m·s-1): 410.3 ± 193.2 m, and by sprint (> 6.7 m·s-1): 98.0 ± 75.4 m. Centre backs perform the following playing position that supports the highest speed intensities during the matches: high-speed running: 243.2 ± 130.2 m; sprint: 62.0 ± 54.2 m. Centre backs also register the largest number of high-intensity decelerations (n = 142.7 ± 59.5) compared to wings (n = 112.9 ± 56.0), backs (n = 105.2 ± 49.2) and line players: 99.6 ± 28.9). This study provides helpful information for professional coaches and their technical staff to optimize training load and individualize the physical demands of their elite male handball players depending on each playing position.
Effect of mulching and planting density on production of sweet banana pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

The present experiment was carried out at Dr Y S Parmer University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif 2019 to study the effect of mulching and planting density on production of Sweet Banana pepper in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (Factorial) with three replications. The twelve treatment combinations comprised of combination of four different mulches (M) viz., no mulch (M0), pine needle mulch (M1) black-plastic mulch (M2), silver-black plastic mulch (M3) with three planting densities (P) viz., 60 cm×60 cm (P1) 60 cm×45 cm (P2) and 60 cm×30 cm (P3). The observations were recorded on growth yield and quality traits, fruit rot incidence (%), weed count, fresh and dry weight of weeds, soil moisture and temperature. The treatment combination silver-black plastic mulch with plant spacing of 60 cm×30 cm (M3P3) was found superior over all other treatment combinations for most of the growth and yield parameters, quality traits, fruit rot incidence and weed control as well as performed well in improving soil moisture and temperature. This treatment combination also had maximum benefit: cost ratio of 4.21:1. Hence silver-black mulch in combination with 60 cm×30 cm spacing can be recommended for commercial cultivation of Sweet Banana pepper in North Western Himalayan regions after multi-locational testing.
The spread of COVID-19 in Germany: An application of the SIRDH model

The paper studies the current COVID-19 pandemic by applying an adapted epidemiologic model, where each individual is in one of the five states “susceptible”, “infected”, “removed”, “immune healthy” or “dead”. We extend the basic model with time-invariant transition rates between these states by allowing for time-dependent infection rates as a consequence of lockdowns and social distancing policies as well as for time-dependent mortality rates as a result of changing infection patterns. Our model proves to be appropriate to calibrate and simulate the dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic in Germany between January and October 2020. We provide deeper insights about some key indicators such as the reproduction number, the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions, and the development of the infection and mortality rates.
Sources of Variation in the Stable Isotopic Composition of Plants

he use uf slable isolOpes of carbon, njlTogen. oxygen. and hydrogen to sludy J1h y~ iu l og i cil l rroces~es has increa sed exponemiaJly in the past three decades. Whe n Harm llO Cra ig (195 3. 1954) . a geochemist and early pioneer of natural abundance ,t a ble i,otopes. fi r, t mea ~ured iso topic values of plant materials. he f()und that plams tended to have a fairly na rrow ODC range of -25 tu 35'J! o . In these inilial su rveys. he was unable ro find large taxonomic or en vironme ntal ('Hens on these values. Since that rime ecologists have ide nti ­ Ilt'd clea r isotopic signatures bJsed not only on diifc.:rem photosynthetic palhways, b UI also on ecophysiological differences. such as photosynthetic wa t(' r u~(' efficiell cy (WUE) and sources 01 wa te r and nilTogen used. As large l'n tp irica l dal abase, have accumulaled and our Iheoretical understanding uf i~otupic cOlTIrosilion bas impruved, sciemists have continued to discove r miS l1la lCll e, uelwet:' n Iheo retical and observed values. as well as confounding l'lfecls from ,ources and factors n ot previously considered . In the besl tradi­ lion ll f scie nce. these discoveries have led ro important new inSights into ph y~iologi cal or ecological processes. as well as new uses of stable isotopes in plant ccopbysiology. This chapter revie ws the most common applications of ~ l a ble isolope anal YSis in plant ecophysiology.
[C3H3] isomers and isotopologues by IRPD spectroscopy

Gas phase vibrational spectra of [C3H3] isomers and their fully deuterated isotopologues measured in a cryogenic 22-pole ion trap are presented. The widely tunable free electron laser for infrared experiments, FELIX, was employed to cover the frequency range 500–2400 cm , complemented with an OPO/OPA system covering 2800–3400 cm . Spectral assignments for both the linear and cyclic isomeric form (H2C3H and c-C3H3 , respectively) are made based on various high-level computational studies. The effect of ion source conditions and different precursors (allene and propargyl chloride) for the preferential production of a specific isomer is discussed. The perturbation of the vibrational band position due to complexation with neon in the recorded infrared-predissociation (IRPD) spectra are also reported in this study. 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Prevalence, characterization, and control of S. aureus isolated from raw milk and Egyptian soft cheese

ARTICLE INFO The present study aimed to detect the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus )S. aureus( in raw milk, and soft cheese samples in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt, and to characterize some resistance and virulence related genes in the recovered S. aureus isolates. An additional objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of thyme oil for controlling S. aureus in cheese. A total of 200 samples of raw milk and cheese, including 100 samples of raw milk and 100 samples of two different types of cheese were used. S. aureus was isolated from 12.5% (25/200) of the raw milk and cheese samples. The highest prevalence was detected in Kareish cheese (18%), followed by raw milk samples (13%) and Talaga cheese (6%). S. aureus isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin (72%), and tetracycline (60%). PCR was applied on 6 multidrug resistant (MDR) S. aureus for detection of mecA and icaA genes which were detected in 66.7% and 33.3% of S. aureus isolates, respectively. As milk and dairy products are good substrates for S. aureus that causes staphylococcal food poisoning, reducing the level of such pathogen in milk and dairy products will lower the risk to consumers. Thyme oil 1% showed moderate inhibition against S. aureus, while using thyme oil 2% showed significant inhibition of S. aureus in Kareish cheese. Therefore, the use of thyme oil in preserving white soft Kareish cheese might be a promising approach to increase the shelf life and safety of the cheese. Article history:
Variability in rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of sunfl ower meals protein

Nedelkov, K. V. , Hristov, A. N. , & Todorov, N. A. (2019). Variability in rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of sunfl ower meals protein. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(2), 370–374 The aim of this study was to evaluate variability in the nutritional value of sunfl ower meal (SFM) protein by determining both its ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility. Three non-lactating Jersey cows fi tted with a rumen and T-type duodenal cannulas were used to estimate rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of SFM dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). Samples of SFM were collected from seven sunfl ower processing plants (SFM1 to SFM7). The SFM were incubated in the rumen of the cows for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h in 6 replications. The soluble or rapidly degradable fraction а of SFM DM ranged from 208 to 264 (SD = 21.2) g/kg. The effective degradability of DM at assumed rumen outfl ow rate of 0.06/h ranged from 533 to 585 (SD= 22.1) g/kg. Fraction a of CP ranged from 208 to 279 (SD = 26.8) g/kg. Effective degradability of SFM CP at rumen outfl ow rate of 0.06/h was relatively high and ranged from 639 to 723 g/kg (SD = 29.4). Intestinal digestibility of SFM DM and CP measured by mobile bag technique varied from 387 to 473 g/kg (SD = 25.9) and from 863 to 930 (SD = 22.5), respectively. Estimated Protein Digestible in the small Intestine (PDI) was 159 to 201 (SD = 14.1) g/kg DM, and Protein Balance in the Rumen (PBR) varied from 105 to 146 (SD = 14.9) g/kg DM. This study showed that protein degradability and digestibility of commercial SFM samples varied considerably, suggesting that nutritive value of SFM protein will fl uctuate depending on agronomic conditions, sunfl ower variety, and processing technology. This variability should be considered when formulating rations with SFM for ruminant animals.
Why do we have so many different hydrological models? A review based on the case of Switzerland

Hydrology plays a central role in applied and fundamental environmental sciences, but it is well known to suffer from an overwhelming diversity of models, particularly to simulate streamflow. We discuss here in detail how such diversity did arise based on the example of Switzerland. The case study's relevance stems from the fact that Switzerland, despite being a small country, shows a variety of hydro‐climatological regimes, of water resources management challenges, and of hydrological research institutes that led to a model diversification that stands exemplary for the diversification that arose also at larger scales. Our analysis, based on literature review, personal inquiry, and an author survey, summarizes the main driving forces behind model diversification. We anticipate that this review not only helps researchers from other fields but in particular also the international hydrology community to understand why we have so many different streamflow models.
EFFECT OF RAW COW MILK KEFIR ON SOME PRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN IRAQI RAM LAMBS

The aim of this study is to conduct the effect of raw cow milk Kefir on some productive, reproductive and physiological traits in Iraqi ram lambs. A twenty-four Iraqi rams of an approximate age (6-7 months) and weighted (31-32) kg been selected and purchased from local market. The animals divided equally and randomly according to their body weight into 3 group (8 each). The experiment was been done from 24/1/2019 until 24/4/2019 and conducted at Animal Farm, College of Veterinary Medicine / University of Baghdad. All animals were feed concentrate diet and graze for 3-4 hours /day on the college fields. The diet offered to animals as two ratios, at morning and evening. The first group (G1) fed 2.5% of the body weight concentrated diet and the animal’s drainage 50 ml raw cow milk and consider as control group. While the animals of G2 group were fed, the same diet of the control group and drainage 50 ml of raw cow milk with 10% kefir\ day\ animal. Whereas G3 group animals were drainage with 50 ml of raw cow milk and 20 % kefir\ day\ animal and the animals fed the same of the other groups, Alfalfa and hay were offered for all groups. Kefir microbiota were been counted by viable cell count method in kefir grain to detect Lactobacillus Spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, the bacteria confirmed by PCR technique, the identified species were recorded in NCBI-Genbank database. The animal’s body weights taken biweekly after they were been acclimatized to environment until the end of experiment. Daily feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency and feed conversion ratio determined at the last month of experiment. The results of biweekly body weight showed that all treated groups were increased significantly (P<0.05) with age and time progress. G2 group were significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with G1 and G3 groups from 4th week to the end of experiment. Feed intake results were take the same trend of the body weight that increase significantly (P<0.05) in all groups and G2 showed significant (P<0.05) increased compared with other groups at the end of the study. The results of biweekly live weight gain means revealed that G2 group was a higher significantly (P<0.05) than other two groups in all treatment periods. FCR results revealed that the ratio were significant increased (P<0.05) in all groups with time progress, while the G3 were increased significantly (P<0.05) than other groups from the first period until the end of study. While the FCE showed significant, (P<0.05) increase in the G2 compared with other groups along studied periods.
Evaluation of neuroprotective potential of methanolic extract of Hemidesmus indicus extract in Aβ (1-42) induced rats

Excessive cerebral deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides with 40-42 amino acids are the major neuropathologic feature of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), accompanied by a progressive and functional decline in cognition. With the failing attempts in the development of new pharmacological intervention and due to suboptimal results from the existing therapies available for the treatment of AD, there is a constant hunt for a new therapeutic alternative to address this severe neurodegenerative disease. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Hemidesmus indicus extract in Aβ (1-42) infused model of AD. Sporadic model of AD was achieved by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of Aβ (1-42) peptide in Wistar rats, followed by treatment with methanolic extract of H. indicus (MEHI) at 100 and 200 mg/kg for 28 days. Locomotor activity, Radial arm Maze task and Passive avoidance test were used for the assessment of neurobehavioral deficits. After completion of 28 days treatment protocol, animals were euthanized and brains were collected for neurochemical analysis. Reversal of cognitive impairment was observed by MEHI on Aβ (1-42) rats, as evidenced by improved spatial memory learning. Furthermore, MEHI attenuated Aβ (1-42) induced oxidative stress and inhibited acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. Collectively, these findings exhibited neuroprotective activity of MEHI by ameliorating Aβ (1-42) mediated neuronal damage, thereby can stand as a potential disease-modifying therapeutic for curbing AD pathology.
RAPID METHODS FOR DETECTION OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN WASIT PROVINCE, IRAQ

One of the most current critical clinical challenges is Staphylococcus aureus pathogen, especially the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It has emerged as a nosocomial pathogen in both community and hospitals. This study was performed in the laboratory of microbiology, college of medicine, Wasit University to investigate the effectiveness of molecular assay in detecting MRSA compared to cefoxitin disk diffusion with antibiotic susceptibility pattern in specimens collected from patients lived in Wasit Province, Iraq. One hundred and twelve clinical specimens were cultured to isolate the MRSA. Total 53 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates, 42 (79.27%) were developed an inhibition zone with about  21 mm which indicates MRSA by cefoxitin disk diffusion method whereas 50 (94.33%) isolates were positive for the mecA gene by PCR. MRSA was highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and gentamycin. It can be concluding that the wounds infection are the most common sites for MRSA isolates followed by urine and blood. Cefoxitin disk diffusion testing is not reliable for detecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus compared to molecular assays such as polymerase chain reaction when applied as a surrogate for disk diffusion testing. The current study validates the molecular assay is a simple and valuable tool for identification of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients and carrier individuals. MRSA strains were highly resistant to different antibiotics used in this study.
A simple model for assessing climate control trade-offs and responding to unanticipated climate outcomes

Persistent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions threaten global climate goals and have prompted consideration of climate controls supplementary to emissions mitigation. We present MARGO, an idealized model of optimally-controlled climate change, which is complementary to both simpler conceptual models and more complicated Integrated Assessment Models. The four methods of controlling climate damage—mitigation, carbon dioxide removal (CDR), adaptation, and solar radiation modification (SRM)—are not interchangeable, as they enter at different stages of the causal chain that connects GHG emissions to climate damages. Early and aggressive mitigation is necessary to stabilize GHG concentrations below a tolerable level. While the most cost-beneficial and cost-effective pathways to reducing climate suffering include deployments of all four controls, the quantitative trade-offs between the different controls are sensitive to value-driven parameters and poorly-known future costs and damages. Static policy optimization assumes perfect foresight and obscures the active role decision-makers have in shaping a climate trajectory. We propose an explicit policy response process wherein climate control policies are re-adjusted over time in response to unanticipated outcomes. We illustrate this process in two ‘storyline’ scenarios: (a) near-term increases in mitigation and CDR are deficient, such that climate goals are expected to slip out of reach; (b) SRM is abruptly terminated after 40 years of successful deployment, causing an extremely rapid warming which is amplified by an excess of GHGs due to deterred mitigation. In both cases, an optimized policy response yields substantial benefits relative to continuing the original policy. The MARGO model is intentionally designed to be as simple, transparent, customizable, and accessible as possible, addressing concerns about previous climate-economic modelling approaches and enabling a more diverse set of stakeholders to engage with these essential and timely topics.
The Cultural Diffusion of the Fertility Transition: Evidence from Internal Migration in 19th Century France

The Cultural Diffusion of the Fertility Transition: Evidence from Internal Migration in 19th Century France* France experienced the demographic transition before richer and more educated countries. This paper offers a novel explanation for this puzzle that emphasizes the diffusion of culture and information through internal migration. It tests how migration affected fertility by building a decennial bilateral migration matrix between French regions for 1861-1911. The identification strategy uses exogenous variation in transportation costs resulting from the construction of railways. The results suggest the convergence towards low birth rates can be explained by the diffusion of low-fertility norms by migrants, especially by migrants to and from Paris. JEL Classification: J13, N33, O15
THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, ORGANIZATIONAL REPUTATION, ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY ON BUSSINESS PERFORMANCE

This research aims to examine and analyze the influence of environmental performance, organizational reputation, environmental disclosure and environmental strategy on bussiness performance. In this research, the target population of this study was the manufacturing companies registered and participating in the Company Performance Rating Program (PROPER) issued by the Ministry of Environment in 2011-2016 with the sampling method using purposive sampling criteria, totaling 22 companies with 132 observations. Data analysis consists of descriptive and multiple regression linear regression. The results showed that the company’s reputation had a significant influence and environmental disclosure had a significant positive influence on business performance, while environmental performance and environmental strategy had no significant influence on business performance. Based on the evaluation, the environmental strategy will lead to company policies towards the application of an environmental management system. The current condition occurs that environmental strategy cannot make investors make decisions to buy shares because many other fundamental factors are the main consideration for investors in buying shares, meanwhile multitude of other factors and the main focus of the company as a business strategy is the fundamental reason that environmental strategy does not affect stock prices. This research is also expected to contribute conceptually to the company in determining further policies regarding the performance of a company to be more influenceive in its implementation.
Factors affecting the adoption of mobile applications by farmers: An empirical investigation

In developing countries such as Nigeria, agriculture is the main source of livelihood with over 70% of the population engaged in farming. They are mostly smallholders and subsistence farmers with minimal use of technology and low productivity. The use of mobile applications in agriculture can potentially help smallholders access agricultural information and financial services, improve access to markets and enhance visibility for supply chain efficiency. Unfortunately, due to a lack of uptake of these applications many farmers have not realized the benefits of this technology. This study seeks to explore and examine the factors that affect the uptake of this technology. A conceptual model which builds on the extended Technology Adoption Model (TAM2) was empirically estimated using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to examine the factors that influence the adoption of mobile applications. Primary data were collected from a sample of 261 farmers. Data were analyzed using SEM with the help of IBM SPSS and IBM AMOS software. The structural model showed that seven of the hypothesized relationships in the research model were supported. Social influence (SI), Perceived usefulness (PU), Information/awareness (IA) and Intention to use (ITU) affected the Actual Use (AU) of mobile applications positively, while Perceived risk (PR) and Perceived cost had a negative impact on their adoption. This study contributes to the literature on farmers’ technology adoption. It provides evidence that the extended TAM is a suitable model to explain the factors that influence mobile application adoption behavior.