Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF CARIES EXPERIENCE IN PRIMARY MOLARS ON CAVITY FORMATION IN ADJACENT PERMANENT FIRST MOLAR

: Aim : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the treated and untreated severe early childhood caries (ECC) in primary molars in children would make any impact on the Permanent First Molar (PFM) decays. Place and duration of study: This study carried out in University Medical and Dental College Faisalabad in duration of one year from 2018 to 2019 Materials and Methods: For this project 2,315 boys and 2,153 girls were examined for primary molar caries and the time of emergence of permanent first molar, during their primary school time by trained dentist-examiners; at baseline the mean age of the children was 7.1 years. Results: The analyses revealed that girls were more susceptible to caries development;this gender effect was only significant for mandibular molars. An affected second primary molar had more effect than a first primary molar Conclusion : In respect to our research outcomes, which revealed that regardless of treated or not severe ECC had a significant impact on the PFMs, we strongly recommend that the parent of the children experiencing ECC should be informed about the risk of future caries in PFMs.
Gravitational field of gyratons on various background spacetimes

In this work we have found and analyzed several gyraton solutions on various non--trivial backgrounds in the large Kundt class of spacetimes. Namely, the gyraton solutions on direct product spacetimes, gyraton solutions on Melvin universe and its generalization which includes the cosmological constant. These solutions are of algebraic type II. Also we have investigated type III solutions within the Kundt class and we have found the gyratons on de Sitter spacetime. We have generalized the gyraton solutions on direct product spacetimes to higher dimensions. The chapters 4 and 5 are published for the first time.
Can combination therapy avoid nitrate tolerance in vivo ? Interacting Study Nitrate dose treatment Population Study design Parameters Results

There is now little dispute that clinical tolerance of organic nitrates occurs, particularly when these drugs are used by themselves to treat patients with stable angina pectoris and congestive heart failure. Classical hypotheses of nitrate tolerance suggest the phenomenon to result from vascular deplet ion of critical sulfhydryl groups, which are necessary to bring about vasorelaxat ion from nitrates. While this mechanism of nitrate tolerance probably operates when isolated blood vessels are exposed to high concentrations of nitrate in vitro, there is l i tt le evidence to suggest that it contributes to clinical nitrate tolerance. Instead, emerging data suggest that nitrates can cause significant shifts in fluid distribution and secretion of neurohormonal factors that can modulate their vasorelaxant effects. Use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics in conjunction with nitrates may alleviate the development of tolerance, but the experience has not been universally favorable. Other receptor-effector systems that affect cardiovascular function, such as the adrenergic system, may also be affected by nitrate tolerance. The mechanisms of nitrate tolerance are therefore likely to be multifactorial, involving vascular biochemical changes, physiologic compensation, and possibly receptor regulation. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1994;8:489-499
ASSESSMENT OF DISABILITY IN THE PERSONS WITH CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA

Background and objective: People with chronic schizophrenia experience numerous limitations in everyday functioning, some of which include difficulties in interpersonal activities, self- care, communication, understanding and work. There is a lack of comprehensive synthesis of research findings on the full extent of psychosocial difficulties experienced by people living with schizophrenia. It is important to identify the individuals‟ functional level for any long term management including vocational and cognitive training. To initiate a comprehensive plan of care including psycho-social rehabilitation and reintegration into the society there must be proper understanding of the person in the context of his or her specific environment, de-stigmatization and community oriented programs to enhance the knowledge about the illness also depend on the level of disability assessed and concrete steps to reduce the disability. Thus the present study aims to assess disability in person with schizophrenia. Methods: Study conducted: Acharya Vinoba bhave rural Hospital situated in Sawangi(Meghe) wardha. Study design: The study is a cross sectional study. , Period of study: 1 year, Sample size: 100 patients were diagnosed as per ICD 10 diagnosis of schizophrenia for a minimum period of two years will be included. Assessment tools: IDEAS  WHO-DAS 2.0 Results: The patients with chronic schizophrenia under remission reported that significant relation established between psychopathology with global disability score of ideas scale and total disability score of WHO-DAS.2 scale, but no significant relationship has been established between total disability score of who-das scale with duration of illness. Conclusion: Earlier the diagnosis made and treatment started it has positive effect on the course and outcome. Disability in schizophrenia is related to poor compliance, poor social support
Consumo de frutas e hortaliças por idosos de baixa renda na cidade de São Paulo

OBJETIVO: Estimar os fatores socioeconomicos e sociodemograficos associados ao consumo diario de cinco porcoes de frutas e hortalicas por idosos residentes em areas de baixa renda, identificando as principais frutas e hortalicas que compoem a dieta desta populacao. METODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 2.066 idosos (>60 anos) de baixa renda residentes na cidade de Sao Paulo, SP, em 2003-2005. Para a avaliacao do consumo de frutas e hortalicas foi aplicado questionario de frequencia alimentar. As respostas foram transformadas em consumo diario e comparadas as recomendacoes da Organizacao Mundial da Saude (consumo de cinco ou mais porcoes diarias). A relacao entre consumo recomendado de frutas e hortalicas e variaveis socioeconomicas foi avaliada mediante modelos de regressao logistica. RESULTADOS: Dos participantes, 60,5% eram mulheres e 39,5% homens. Cerca de um terco dos idosos (n=723; 35,0%) nao consumia diariamente nenhum tipo de fruta ou hortalica e 19,8% relataram consumo diario de cinco ou mais porcoes de frutas e hortalicas. Este consumo esteve positivamente associado a renda e a escolaridade. CONCLUSOES: O consumo de frutas e hortalicas de idosos de baixa renda do municipio de Sao Paulo mostrou-se insuficiente em relacao as recomendacoes da Organizacao Mundial da Saude e esta associado a condicoes socioeconomicas desfavoraveis.
(2020). Hypertension, Antihypertensive Use and the Delayed-Onset of Huntington's Disease. Movement Disorders (3).

: Background : Hypertension is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor implicated in neurodegeneration and dementia risk. In Huntington ’ s disease, a monogenic neurodegenerative disease, autonomic and vascular abnor-malities have been reported. This study ’ s objective was to examine the relationship between hypertension and disease severity and progression in Huntington ’ s disease. Methods : Using longitudinal data from the largest worldwide observational study of Huntington ’ s disease (n = 14,534), we assessed the relationship between hypertension, disease severity, and rate of clinical progression in Huntington ’ s disease mutation carriers. Propensity score matching was used to statistically match normotensive and hypertensive participants for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, and CAG length. Results : Huntington ’ s disease patients had a lower prevalence of hypertension compared with age-matched gene-negative controls. Huntington ’ s disease patients with hypertension had worse cognitive function, a higher depression score, and more marked motor progression over time compared with Huntington ’ s disease patients without hypertension. However, hypertensive patients taking antihypertensive medication had less motor, cognitive, and functional impairment than Huntington ’ s disease patients with untreated hypertension and a later age of clinical onset compared with untreated hypertensive patients and normotensive individuals with Huntington ’ s disease. Conclusions : We report the novel finding that hypertension and antihypertensive medication use are associated with altered disease severity, progression, and clinical onset in patients with Huntington ’ s disease. These findings have implications for the management of hypertension in Huntington ’ s disease and suggest that prospective studies of the symptomatic or disease-modifying potential of antihypertensives in neurodegenerative diseases are warranted. © 2020 The Authors. Movement published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Interna-tional Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
On the Possible Detection of Low Frequency Periodic Signals in Gravitational Wave Interferometers

We carried out a computer simulation of a large gravitational wave (GW) interferometer using the specifications of the LIGO instruments. We find that if in addition to the carrier, a single sideband offset from the carrier by the fsr frequency (the free spectral range of the arm cavities) is injected, it is equally sensitive to GW signals as is the carrier. The amplitude of the fsr sideband signal in the DC region is generally much less subject to noise than the carrier, and this makes possible the detection of periodic signals with frequencies well below the so-called seismic wall.
Private Self-Consciousness, Self-Esteem, and Perspective-Taking

This study examined the effects of private^ selfconsciousness and self-esteem on perspective-taking, testing the hypothesis that high private self-conscious persons with high self-esteem would be best able to take the perspective of other individuals. Perspective-taking was operationalized as the ability match self-descriptions with the correct authors. Two groups of five females were recruited as target persons, and participated in a videotaped group discussion after providing written free­ form self-descriptions. In a pretest, 66 female subjects watched both videotapes, and matched the self-descriptions with the target females after each tape. Because no convergence was found between the two matching tasks, one of the tapes was dropped from further study on the basis that it resulted in significantly lower accuracy scores. The target females also provided self-descriptive adjective lists, and in the final study, 61 female subjects, recruited on the basis of their private selfconsciousness and self-esteem scores, completed a selfreport measure of perspective-taking and matched both the free-form self-descriptions and the adjective lists with the target persons appearing on the remaining videotape. Overall, subjects were significantly more accurate in matching the adjective lists than the free-form self­ descriptions. Self-reported perspective-taking was associated with subjects' accuracy in matching the free­ form self-descriptions but not the adjective lists. Lack of convergence between the two matching tasks was also evidenced by a nonsignificant correlation between the two accuracy scores. Test of the main hypothesis showed that only self-esteem had an effect on perspective-taking, and only when the task was to match the adjective lists, such that high self-esteem subjects were significantly more accurate than lows. Private self-consciousness had no effect on subjects' performance on either matching task, and the analysis failed to show a significant interaction. The results are discussed in terms of their implications to self-consciousness, self-esteem and perspective-taking. PRIVATE SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS, SELF-ESTEEM, AND PERSPECTIVE-
Development of Contact Hypersensitivity Cells Both Play a Crucial Role in the Full Type 1 Cytotoxic T + Th1 and CD8 + CD4

The role of CD4 1 vs CD8 1 T cells in contact hypersensitivity (CHS) remains controversial. In this study, we used gene knockout (KO) mice deﬁcient in CD4 1 or CD8 1 T cells to directly address this issue. Mice lacking either CD4 1 or CD8 1 T cells demonstrated depressed CHS responses to dinitroﬂuorobenzene and oxazolone compared with wild-type C57BL/6 mice. The depression of CHS was more signiﬁcant in CD8 KO mice than in CD4 KO mice. Furthermore, in vivo depletion of either CD8 1 T cells from CD4 KO mice or CD4 1 T cells from CD8 KO mice virtually abolished CHS responses. Lymph node cells (LNCs) from hapten-sensitized CD4 and CD8 KO mice showed a decreased capacity for transferring CHS. In vitro depletion of either CD4 1 T cells from CD8 KO LNCs or CD8 1 T cells from CD4 KO LNCs resulted in a complete loss of CHS transfer. LNCs from CD4 and CD8 KO mice produced signiﬁcant amounts of IFN- g , indicating that both CD4 1 and CD8 1 T cells are able to secrete IFN- g . LNCs from CD8, but not CD4, KO mice were able to produce IL-4 and IL-10, suggesting that IL-4 and IL-10 are mainly derived from CD4 1 T cells. Intracellular cytokine staining of LNCs conﬁrmed that IFN- g -positive cells consisted of CD4 1 (Th1) and CD8 1 (type 1 cytotoxic T) T cells, whereas IL-10-positive cells were exclusively CD4 1 (Th2) T cells. Collectively, these results suggest cells ﬁxed with 2% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized with 0.5% and subsequently stained for intracellular cytokines by incubation with anti-IFN- g /PE or anti-IL-10/PE, according to the instructions of the manufacturer. As a control, the ﬁxed/permeabilized cells were preincubated with unconjugated anti-IFN- g or anti-IL-10 before staining. The percentage of cytokine-positive cells was determined by FACScan ﬂow cytometry.
DDDT_A_314076 3163..3180

1School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China; 2Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity, Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People’s Republic of China; 4Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People’s Republic of China
Staphylococcal Infections Patient with Atypical Mycobacterial and Impairment of STAT Activation by IL-12 in a

IL-12 plays a pivotal role in the stimulation of immune responses against intracellular infections. This role is manifested in the increased susceptibility to atypical mycobacterial and salmonella infections among individuals whose lymphocytes lack expression of IL-12R b 1. Here, we report on a patient with Mycobacterium avium infection, recurrent Staphylococcus aureus sinusitis, and multiple adverse drug reactions whose T cells were unable to produce IFN- g or proliferate in response to IL-12 despite the expression of wild-type IL-12R b 1 and IL-12R b 2. The defect in these functional responses to IL-12 was selective, as cytolytic activity induced by IL-12 was intact, and lymphocytes were responsive to stimulation by IL-2. An examination of cytokine signaling revealed that STAT4 and extracellular regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) activation by IL-12 was intact, whereas the activation of STAT1, -3, and -5 by IL-12 was lost. This impairment of STAT activation was speciﬁc for IL-12, as STAT activation by IL-2, IL-15, and IFN- g was unaffected. These ﬁndings demonstrate that the activation of STAT4 alone is not sufﬁcient for IL-12-induced IFN- g production and proliferation and suggest that other STATs play a role in these responses to IL-12. While the etiology of the impaired IL-12 signaling in this patient has not yet been elucidated, the absence of mutations in IL-12R b 1 or IL-12R b 2 and the preservation of STAT4 activation raise the possibility that there may be a mutation in an as yet undiscovered component of the IL-12
Is it the law or the lawyers? Investment fund covenants

This paper introduces a new dataset from 50 private investment funds from 17 countries around the world. We analyse the frequency of use of investment covenants imposed by institutional investors governing the activities of private investment fund managers in areas pertaining to investment decisions, investment powers, types of investments, fund operations, and limitations on liability. We control for relations between the use of fund covenants and institutional factors such as offshore fund structures, as well as fund specific variables such as fund size, industry market-book, and the identity of the fund’s investors, among other control variables available in the rich and detailed new data introduced herein. The data do indicate a role for country legality in affecting the frequency of use of fund covenants. But the data further indicate that the presence of legally trained managers has a more pronounced role in affecting the use of covenants. Overall, therefore, the lawyers appear to be more responsible than the law for the presence of the covenants that govern private investment funds across countries.
Inﬂuence of Local Properties on Fatigue Crack Growth of Laser Butt Welds in Thin Plates of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel

: In this work, local properties such as hardness and fatigue crack grow rate in the heat-affected zone of four laser-welded butt joints in thin high-strength low-alloy steel were examined, so as to explain and predict fatigue lives at high stress levels through the fracture mechanics approach. The different welded series presented a similar fatigue crack growth rate in the heat-affected and fusion zones, but lower than base metal due to the higher hardness of the bainitic–martensitic microstructure veriﬁed in the welded series. The results showed that at high stress levels in the as-welded condition, the fatigue initiation stage can be neglected and assume some types of cracks, with an initial crack of 0.07 mm and appropriate fatigue crack growth rates, estimates of fatigue life close to the experimental results were obtained.
On the radiative processes associated with the tropical mesoscale convective systems

ON THE RADIATIVE PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE TROPICAL MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS The goal of this research is to improve our understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the radiative budget of the tropical mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and to explore any possible effects of radiation on the atmosphere and the evolution of the tropical MCSs. A combination of two dimensional cloud model simulations, two-stream radiative transfer model calculations, observational analyses, and comparisons with other published results are used to achieve this goal. The observational analyses of the two tropical cloud clusters show significant similarities in the internal structures of these two systems even though the large scale background environments of these cloud clusters are very different from each other. The results of the cloud model simulations for these two tropical cloud clusters using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) developed at Colorado State University, in general, agree well with observations. Some disagreements exist however due to uncertainties in the initial conditions and to the two dimensionality of the cloud simulations. These cloud simulations are then used to provide microphysical and thermodynamical information for the radiative transfer model. The resultant radiative calculation indicates that the tropical cloud clusters can significantly affect both the radiative budget and the radiative heatings profile of the tropical atmosphere. These radiation calculations also indicate significant spatial variability in the radiative heating associated with these tropical cloud systems. While the major effects of the tropical cloud clusters in the infrared spectrum are to decrease the net outgoing radiative energy to space and to increase the net infrared flux to
Perceptions, stereotypes and cognitive resources of female businesspersons: A social identity approach

According to the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), female businesspersons are often stereotyped and labeled either as a Career Women, competent but cold, or as a Traditional Women, warm but incompetent. This suggests that female businesspersons are generally perceived to be either competent or warm individuals, but not both. However, this may not reflect female businesspersons’ own perceptions of their competence and warmth in the workplace. Contrary to the stereotypes, evidence has demonstrated that some female businesspersons display behaviors that signal both competence and warmth. Employing a social identity approach, I propose that gender-professional identity integration (G-PII), an individual difference that refers to the perceived compatibility between the female identity and professional identity, plays a crucial role in how female businesspersons perceive themselves and manage the stereotypes they face in the workplace. Study 1 found that female business students do not differ in their perceived co-existence of competence and warmth of themselves. However, they differed on the perceptions they had of another female professional depending on their level of conflict between their dual social identities. Female business students with lower levels of conflict were also found to endorse female businesspersons stereotypes less. Study 2 revealed that female business students with higher levels of conflict were more ego-depleted when asked to integrate identity-related knowledge systems simultaneously, suggesting lesser availability of self-regulatory resources to cope with stereotypes. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. PERCEPTIONS AND COGNITIVE RESOURCES OF FEMALE BUSINESSPERSONS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv LIST OF TABLES. v LIST OF FIGURES. vi. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv LIST OF TABLES. v LIST OF FIGURES. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. vii 1. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION. 1 2. CHAPTER TWO: SOCIAL PERCPETIONS. 3 3. CHAPTER THREE: SOCIAL IDENTITIES OF FEMALE BUSINESSPERSONS. 10 4. CHAPTER FOUR: THE PRESENT RESEARCH. 20 5. CHPATER 5: STUDY 1. 22 6. CHAPTER 6: STUDY 2. 46 7. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 59 REFERENCES. 66 APPENDIX. 76 PERCEPTIONS AND COGNITIVE RESOURCES OF FEMALE BUSINESSPERSONS