Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen balances in temperate perennial grass and clover dairy pastures in south-eastern Australia

Nitrogen (N) fertiliser use on dairy pastures in south-eastern Australia has increased exponentially over the past 15 years. Concurrently, imports of supplementary feed onto dairy farms have increased, adding further nutrients to the system. These trends raise questions about the environmental effects of higher nutrient inputs to dairy farms. To gauge possible effects, annual N balances were calculated from an experiment where N inputs and losses were measured for 3 years from non-irrigated grass/clover pastures receiving either no N fertiliser (Control) or 200 kg N/ha applied annually as ammonium nitrate or urea. Estimated total N inputs, averaged over the 3 years, were 154, 314, and 321 kg N/ha.year for the control, ammonium nitrate, and urea treatments, respectively, while N outputs in meat and milk were 75, 99, and 103 kg N/ha.year, respectively. The corresponding calculated N surplus was 79, 215, and 218 kg N/ha.year for the 3 treatments, respectively, and the ratio of product N/total-N inputs for the 3 treatments ranged from 50% in the control to 32% for both N treatments. Total N losses averaged 56, 102, and 119 kg N/ha.year, leaving a positive N balance of 23, 112, and 99 kg N/ha.year for the control, ammonium nitrate, and urea treatments, respectively. The ratio of product N/total-N inputs or the N surplus may be useful in monitoring the efficiency of conversion of N into animal products and the potential environmental effect at a whole-farm scale. However, additional decision support or modelling tools are required to provide information on specific N losses for a given set of conditions and management inputs. Given the large range in N losses there is opportunity for improving N-use efficiency in dairy pastures through a range of management practices and more tactical use of grain and N fertiliser.
Formative Evaluation of a Smartphone App for Monitoring Daily Meal Distribution and Food Selection in Adolescents: Acceptability and Usability Study

Background Obesity interventions face the problem of weight regain after treatment as a result of low compliance. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies could potentially increase compliance and aid both health care providers and patients. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability and usability and define system constraints of an mHealth system used to monitor dietary habits of adolescents in real life, as a first step in the development of a self-monitoring and lifestyle management system against adolescent obesity. Methods We recruited 26 students from a high school in Stockholm, Sweden. After a 30-minute information meeting and 5-minute individual instruction on how to use an mHealth system (smartphone with app and two external sensors), participants used it for 2-3 weeks to objectively collect dietary habits. The app and sensors were used by the participants, without supervision, to record as many main meals and snacks as possible in real life. Feasibility was assessed following the “mHealth evidence reporting and assessment checklist,” and usability was assessed by questionnaires. Compliance was estimated based on system use, where a registration frequency of 3 main meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) per day for the period of the experiment, constituted 100% compliance. Results Participants included in the analysis had a mean age of 16.8 years (SD 0.7 years) and BMI of 21.9 kg/m2 (SD 4.1 kg/m2). Due to deviations from study instructions, 2 participants were excluded from the analysis. During the study, 6 participants required additional information on system use. The system received a ‘Good’ grade (77.1 of 100 points) on the System Usability Scale, with most participants reporting that they were comfortable using the smartphone app. Participants expressed a willingness to use the app mostly at home, but also at school; most of their improvement suggestions concerned design choices for the app. Of all main meals, the registration frequency increased from 70% the first week to 76% the second week. Participants reported that 40% of the registered meals were home-prepared, while 34% of the reported drinks contained sugar. On average, breakfasts took place at 8:30 AM (from 5:00 AM to 2:00 PM), lunches took place at 12:15 PM (from 10:15 AM to 6:15 PM), and dinners took place at 7:30 PM (from 3:00 PM to 11:45 PM). When comparing meal occurrence during weekdays vs weekends, breakfasts and lunches were eaten 3 hours later during weekends, while dinner timing was unaffected. Conclusions From an infrastructural and functional perspective, system use was feasible in the current context. The smartphone app appears to have high acceptability and usability in high school students, which are the intended end-users. The system appears promising as a relatively low-effort method to provide real-life dietary habit measurements associated with overweight and obesity risk.
Seasonal Development in Sun and Shade Leaves

Savage, E. U. 1922. Some observations on the flock­ ing of starlings. Brit. Birds, 16: 77-78. Scheer, Georg. 1952. Ueber die Einfluss der Tem­ peratur au! den morgendlicherr Gesangsbeginn des Buchfinken in verschiedenen Jahren. Ornis Fen­ nica, 29 77-82. Schwan, A. 1921-22. Ueber die Abhfogigkeit des VOgelgesanges von meteorologischen Faktoren, untersucht auf Grund physikalischer Methoden. Verhandl. Orn. Ges. in Bayern, 15 · 9-42. Seibert, H. C. 1951. Light intensity and the roosting flight of herons in New Jersey. Auk, 68 · 63-74. Secker, H. L. 1954. Roosting flights of starlings. Emu, 54 88-90. Tischler, F. 1905 Grosse ansammlungen von Staren (Sturn,as i~1lga~is L.) zur Brutzeit. Orn. Monats. , 13 147-149. 1908. Star-Ansammlungen zur Brutzeit. Orn_ Monatsber. , 16. 21-26. Thomson, H. A. R. 1932. The roosts and diurnal distribution of starlings in North Devon during the months December and January 1931-32. Brit. Birds, 26: 156-160. Williamson, K. 1947. Field notes on the Faeroe star­ ling. Ibis, 89: 435-439. Witherby, H. F. 1929. Breeding starling·s resorting to a roost. Brit. Birds, 23. 187-189. Woodruffe-Peaeock, E. A. 1918. A fox covert study. J. Ecol. , 6 · 110-125. Wynne-Edwards, V. C. 1929. The behavior of star­ lings in winter. An investigation of the diurnal movements and social roosting habit. Brit. Birds. 23: 138-153, 170-180. 1931. The behavior of starlings in winter. IL Observations in Somerset. Brit. Birds 24: 346353.
New VIRAC proper motion maps show signature of galactic boxy/peanut bulge

Abstract We have derived absolute proper motions of stars in the Galactic bulge region combining the VVV InfraRed Astrometric Catalogue (VIRAC) and Gaia. We use the proper motions to study the kinematic structure of the bulge both integrated along the line-of-sight and in magnitude intervals using red clump stars as standard candles. In parallel we compare to a made-to-measure barred dynamical model, folding in the VIRAC selection function, to understand and interpret the structures that we observe. The barred dynamical model, which contains a boxy/peanut bulge, and has a pattern speed of 37.5 kms−1 kpc−1, is able to reproduce all structures impressively well.
Aggregation pathways of human γ D crystallin induced by metal ions revealed by time dependent methods

Cataract formation is a slow accumulative process due to protein aggregates promoted by different factors over time. Zinc and copper ions have been reported to induce the formation of aggregates opaque to light in the human gamma D crystallin (HγD) in a concentration and temperature dependent manner. In order to gain insight into the mechanism of metal-induced aggregation of HγD under conditions that mimic more closely the slow, accumulative process of the disease, we have studied the non-equilibrium process with the minimal metal dose that triggers HγD aggregation. Using a wide variety of biophysics techniques such as turbidimetry, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence, nuclear magnetic resonance and computational methods, we obtained information on the molecular mechanisms for the formation of aggregates. Zn(II) ions bind to different regions at the protein, probably with similar affinities. This binding induces a small conformational rearrangement within and between domains and aggregates via the formation of metal bridges without any detectable unfolded intermediates. In contrast, Cu(II)-induced aggregation includes a lag time, in which the N-terminal domain partially unfolds while the C-terminal domain and parts of the N-terminal domain remain in a native-like conformation. This partially unfolded intermediate is prone to form the high-molecular weight aggregates. Our results clearly show that different external factors can promote protein aggregation following different pathways.
Maternal‐fetal transfer of 3H‐labelled leucine in the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus (scincidae: Lygosominae)

The entry of radio-labelled leucine into maternal and embryonic compartments was studied in the viviparous lizard, Niveoscincus metallicus , following its injection into gravid females. The label appeared rapidly in the maternal bloodstream and liver, where much of it was incorporated into hepatic peptides and proteins. Uptake into amniotic fluid, yolk and yolk sac membranes, and embryos was also rapid and, depending on the stage of development of the embryo, between 21 and 44% of the label that entered the embryo was incorporated into proteinaceous material 2 b after the mother was injected. Transfer into the embryo was significantly associated with embryonic stage of development. It was highest in embryos between Stages 35 and 40 when growth and development are most rapid and structural complexity of the placentae is at its peak. It was least in embryos younger than Stage 35, when placental development is rudimentary, and in late Stage 40 embryos that had utilized their yolk and were close to birth weight. We conclude that there is strong evidence for organic matrotrophy in N. metallicus and suggest that it provides a mechanism for supplementing yolk reserves during development in an unpredictable climate.
All‐female broods and mimetic polymorphism in Acraea encedon (L.) (Lepidoptera: Acraeidae) in Tanzania

Summary In some populations of the African butterfly, Acraea encedon, there are two kinds of females, one producing offspring in a normal 1:1 sex ratio, the other producing females only; in other populations the sex ratio is apparently normal. All-female broods had hitherto been mainly associated with populations in which field sampling revealed an excess of females. The all-female brood trait is described from a population at Dar es Salaam which field sampling suggested was normal, and this indicates that the trait may be much more widespread and common than had previously been supposed. This discovery also extends the known distribution of the trait across Africa from Sierra Leone to eastern Tanzania. The butterfly is also a polymorphic Mullerian mimic of Danaus chrysippus, which is a highly unusual phenomenon as Mullerian mimicry is almost invariably monomorphic. The relative frequencies of two corresponding colour forms of the two species of butterflies at Dar es Salaam adds support to the hypothesis that they are indeed Mullerian mimics. The results of breeding experiments suggest that the polymorphic forms in Acraea encedon are allelic with dominance.
Antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds of Chiltepin (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) and Habanero (Capsicum chinense): A comparative study

Phenolic compounds, carotenoids content (red and yellow), extractable colour (total pigments) and antioxidant activity in fruits from Chiltepin and Habanero pepper were investigated. The Habanero pepper had significantly higher total phenolic content (5.92 ± 0.47 mg/g GAE) than the Chiltepin pepper (4.85 ± 0.23 mg/g GAE). On the other hand, the highest content of total antioxidant activity was found in Chiltepin chili (11.10 ± 1.6 mg of GAE /g of dry weight). In contrast, Habanero chili showed the lowest values of total antioxidant activity. In this way, the Habanero chilli has the lowest content (14 mg/g dry weight) of carotenoids (yellow isochromic fraction) while the Chiltepin chilli had higher levels of yellow isochromic fraction (36 mg/g dry weigh). Finally, the Chiltepin showed the highest value ofextractable colour (80 ASTA units) than Habanero (40 ASTA units). Therefore Chiltepin and Habanero peppers are a good prospect for developing varieties with higher levels of bioactive compounds. Key words: Chiltepin pepper, Habanero pepper, phenolic compounds, carotenoids content, extractable colour, antioxidant activity.
Demography of a Knob-Scaled Lizard in Northeastern Querétaro, México

Abstract Demographic data are essential to determine the probability that species will persist over time. Unfortunately, demographic studies are rarely part of the initial evaluation of potentially threatened or endangered species. Here, we studied the population dynamics of a poorly known knob-scaled lizard species (Xenosaurus sp.) from México with the use of a population matrix modeling approach. We measured annual fecundity and survival over three consecutive years (2001–2004) and used these data to generate transition matrices. From these matrices we estimated annual variability in finite population growth rate (λ), stable stage structure, and the relative importance of the life-cycle components for λ (elasticity values). In 2 of the 3 yr population growth rates indicated a tendency toward population increase (λ01–02 = 1.20 and λ02–03 = 1.14), whereas in 1 of the 3 yr population growth rate indicated population decrease (λ03–04 = 0.78). The negative population trend observed during 2003–2004 was explained by warmer and drier environmental conditions that caused the lowest observed survival rates in all size classes. We examined this annual demographic variability using stochastic simulations. This allowed us to project population trends under hypothetical scenarios with increasing frequency of unfavorable years, manifest through reduced survival, fecundity, or both. Our simulations revealed that small increases in the frequency of harsh annual conditions vastly increased extinction risk in this species. Given the highly restricted geographic distribution of this species and its susceptibility to extinction, we recommend that it be given a high priority for conservation.
Restoration of Seed Germination at Supraoptimal Temperatures by Fluridone, an Inhibitor of Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis

Fluridone, an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, restored the seed germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids) and many other plant species at supraoptimal temperatures. ABA content in lettuce seeds after imbibition quickly decreased at 23°C, but not at 33°C (a supraoptimal temperature). Fluridone caused a decrease in ABA content at 33°C, which suggests that the maintenance of high ABA content could be responsible for high-temperature inhibition of germination of lettuce seeds. This probably results from an increase in the rate of ABA biosynthesis at the higher temperature. The present study indicates that ABA plays a decisive role in the regulation of seed germination at supraoptimal temperatures.
From classical developmentalism and post-Keynesian macroeconomics to new developmentalism

ABSTRACT New developmentalism was a response to the inability of classical developmentalism and post-Keynesian macroeconomics in leading middle-income countries to resume growth. New developmentalism was born in the 2000s to explain why Latin American countries stopped growing in the 1980s, while East Asian countries continued to catch up. This paper compares new developmentalism with classical developmentalism, which didn’t have a macroeconomics, and with post-Keynesian economics, whose macroeconomics is not devoted to developing countries. And shows that to follow the East Asian example is not enough industrial policy, it is also necessary a macroeconomic policy that sets the five macroeconomic prices right, rejects the growth with foreign savings policy, and keeps the macroeconomic accounts balanced.
Two New Species of Genus Xorides (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Parasitizing Saperda balsamifera Motschulsky and Asias halodendri (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China

Abstract. Two new species of Ichneumonidae: Xoridinae parasitizing Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) in China are described. Xorides cinnabarius sp. nov. reared from Saperda balsamifera Motschulsky on Populus alba Linn, var.pyramdalis Bunge in Xinjiang and Xorides asiasius sp. nov. reared from Asias halodendri (Pallas) on Hippophae rhamnoides sinensis Rousi in Ningxia.
High folate production by naturally occurring Lactobacillus sp. with probiotics potential isolated from dairy products in Ilam and Lorestan provinces of Iran

Rapidly proliferating cells require large amounts of folate to support efficient DNA replication, repair and methylation indicating the importance of folate in human metabolism. Milk products are good sources of such vitamins which are produced by probiotics. In order to find suitable strains capable of high folate production, isolation and identification of Lactobacilli in traditional fermented milk from two different provinces located in the west of Iran were carried out. Lactobacillus bacteria were isolated according to the ISO 7889 standard procedure. The isolated bacteria were characterized phenotypically and were screened for their ability to produce folate during fermentation of skim milk. Folate production by the selected strains was between 2.8 to 66.6 μg/l. Two strains with the highest folate production were then selected. The 16SrRNA genes from these two strains were amplified and sequenced and a phylogenetic tree constructed. The sequencing results in combination with phenotypic and biochemical properties showed that both strains were similar to Lactobacillus crustorum . Therefore, two new strains with an ability of high folate production were isolated and identified. These could be used as probiotics in the dairy industry. Hence, exploiting natural food-grade microorganisms for the production of nutritive dairy products is possible. Keywords: Folate, Lactobacillus , probiotic, traditional dairy products, Iran African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(33), pp. 5383-5391, 16 August, 2010
BRCA1 AND TOP2A GENE AMPLIFICATION AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN FOUR MOLECULAR SUBTYPES OF BREAST CANCER

We studied TOP2A amplification (using FISH methods), and TOP2A and BRCA1 protein overexpression (im- munohistochemistry) in four molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Of 53 patients, 32 showed TOP2A and 38 showed BRCA1 overexpression. The highest percentage of TOP2A amplification (47.8%) and deletion (13%) was detected in Lu- minal B subtypes. Of 11 Luminal B tumors with TOP2A amplification, 9 (81.8%) overexpressed TOP2A. BRCA1 protein overexpression showed significant positive correlation with TOP2A protein expression. BRCA1 and TOP2A proteins ex- hibited similar patterns of expression in Luminal B and triple-negative breast cancer, suggesting the same prognosis in those patients.
Nitrogen Level with Herbicidal Combination on Weed Flora in Wheat Crop

Wheat is the fastest growing food grain in India and all set to overtake rice (113 million metric tonnes). The demand of wheat by 2020 has been projected to be between 105 to 109 million tonnes in the country. The increase in production has to be managed from integrated use of resources, as the land area under wheat is not expected to expand further. Weed alone causes average 30-33% reduction in wheat yield. Weeds are considered as one of the major constraints in wheat cultivation. In eastern U.P. wheat field was mainly infested with Phalaris minor, Avenafatua, Chenopodium album, Cyperus rotundus, Convolvulus arvensis, Anagallis arvensis, Mililotus alba, Medicago denticulata and Cynodon dactylon which compete for light, moisture, nutrients with crop(Singh et al., 2013). The winter months are very cold whereas summers are hot and dry. Western hot winds start from the month of April and continue till the onset of monsoon. Weekly minimum and maximum temperatures during the crop season ranged from 5.50 to 17.20 0 C and 18.34 to 37.60 0 C and total rainfall received was 24.62 mm during the entire crop season. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Special Issue-10 pp. 265-270 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
SHORT COMMUNICATION Can smoking cause melanization of Cryptococcus neoformans in vivo

Earlier studies have reported on the ability of Cryptococcus neoformans to synthesize melanin from tobacco extracts / nicotine incorporated in to the medium. However a study on the utilization of components in tobacco smoke by C. neoformans for melanin production was unreported. The present study reports on ability of C. neoformans for melanization using tobacco smoke and therefore substantiate the possible link between smoking and pathogenecity in clinical cryptococcal infections as reported by several researchers.
THE TGF B1 509 C/T GENE POLYMORPHISM IN EGYPTIAN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HCV ANTIBODY POSITIVE PATIENTS AND ITS RELATION TO HCV VIRAL LOAD

Background and aim: Hepatitis C virus is a significant health problem in Egypt as its prevalence is about of 14.9%. Many genetic factors influence the natural course of chronic hepatitis C. Transforming growth factor-β is a potent well-known suppressor of NK cells that inhibits IFN-γ and IL-12 production and blocks the proliferation and cytotoxicity of NK cells. The 509C/T mutation in the TGF-β1 gene is associated with promoter activity and with the natural clearance of HCV. Moreover, TGFβ1 is the strongest known inducer of fibrogenesis in the effectors cells of hepatic fibrosis. We aimed in this study to determine the TGF β1 509 C/T gene polymorphism by PCR- RFLP technique in chronic HCV patients and its relation to HCV viral load and the stage of hepatic fibrosis. Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 30 patients with +ve HCV, confirmed by the HCVAb presence by ELISA and by PCR and they were designed as group I. Group II: Included 20 healthy volunteers served as controls. Thorough clinical and laboratory assessments were done for all the participants in the study. PCR-RFLP for polymorphism of TGF β1509 was carried out for all subjects. Assessment of the stage of hepatic fibrosis was done for diseased group by analyzing results of Fibroscan for some patients and ActitestFibrotest for others. Informed consents were obtained. Results: There were a statistically significant relation between the TGF β1 509 T/C gene polymorphism in chronic HCV +ve patients and HCV viral load. The wild genotype CC and The C allele of TGF β1 509 was significantly higher in subjects with low HCV viral load compared with moderate to high viral load. There is no relation between the polymorphism of TGF β1 509 and the stage of
The genus Psalidothrips Priesner in China (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) with three new species

A key to, and distributional information concerning, the nine Psalidothrips species known from China are given, including the descriptions of three new species. P. elagatus sp. n. can be distinguished from P. chebalingicus Zhang & Tong by the presence of three sense cones on antennal segment IV, and the shuttle-shaped glandular area on abdominal sternite VIII of the male. P. bicoloratus sp. n. differs from the other species of the genus in having the head dark brown but the body straw yellow, and in the cheeks not constricted behind the eyes. P. longidens sp. n. differs from P. armatus in the brown tube and in having antennal segment VIII longer than segment VII. Comments are made on the thrips diversity of leaf litter in southern China.