Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tillage and Fertilizer Practices on Sorghum Production in Abergelle Area, Northern Ethiopia

Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) production is mainly constrained by soil water and nutrient deficits in northern Ethiopia. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of tillage and fertilizer practices on productivity of two sorghum varieties in Abergelle area, northern Ethiopia. The experimental design was split-plot design. The main-plot treatments included five tillage practices. These were shilshalo (traditional ridge without ties) for broadcasted planting (SBP), tied-ridging at planting (TR0WAP), tied-ridging at four weeks after planting (TR4WAP), zero tillage (ZT), and shilshalo for row planting (SRP). Two fertilizer rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), as0-0 N-P ha -1 (without fertilizer, F1) and 32-10 kg N-P ha -1 (with fertilizer, F2) treatments, were used in the sub-plots. The local sorghum varieties i.e., Woitoziraand Chibal (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) were tested for two years (2002-2003). The pooled and yearly-basis data analysis showed that the main and interaction treatment effects were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced the yield and yield components of both varieties. This study also demonstrated sorghum yield increment by 7 to 48% due to the interaction effect of TR0WAP with F2 as compared to the interaction effects of the other tillage treatments with F2. However, the increment of yield and yield components due to the tied-ridging and fertilizer interaction effects were higher for Chibalas compared to Woitozira . The mean sorghum crop yield due to TR0WAP interaction with F2 for Chibal was 1.45 t ha -1 and that of Woitozirawas 1.31t ha -1 . Thus, suitable time of tied-ridging integrated with proper rate of fertilizer should be adopted for effective increase of crop production in the semi-arid areas of northern Ethiopia such as the Abergelle area. Keywords : Abergelle area, Fertilizer, Sorghum varieties, Tied-ridging, Tillage practices, Northern Ethiopia
Groundwater impact assessment report for the 216-Z-20 Crib, 200 West Area

As required by the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order ([Tri-Party Agreement] Milestone M-17-00A), this report assesses the impact of wastewater discharges to the 216-Z-20 Crib on groundwater quality. The assessment reported herein extends the initial analysis conducted from 1989 through 1990 for the Liquid Effluent Study Final Project Report. Three primary issues are addressed in response to regulator concerns with the initial analysis: The magnitude and status of the soil column transuranic inventory. Potential interactions of wastewater with carbon tetrachloride from adjacent facilities. Preferential pathways created by unsealed monitoring wells.
A revision of Ordovician series and stages from the historical type area

Abstract This paper is a revision of the standard chronostratigraphy of the Ordovician of the historical type area in England and Wales. The revision is a response to the need for more precise definitions of series and stages, especially for practical international correlation. In some cases this has entailed moving horizons for Series bases away from those in the classical sections. The scheme will be used as the standard for a forthcoming revision of the Correlation Chart of the British Ordovician System. The Ordovician is divided into five series: Tremadoc, Arenig, Llanvirn, Caradoc and Ashgill. The Llanvirn is extended to include part of the classical Llandeilo Series, which is included within it as a stage. Where stage subdivisions of standard series have not yet been defined, as in the Tremadoc, they are proposed in this paper. However, Bancroft’s fine stadial divisions of the Caradoc, which have been criticized for their brevity and local utility, are combined into four new stages, which will have wider application. The former Caradoc subdivisions are retained as substages for the purposes of regional correlation.
A new interpretation of the two-step δ18O signal at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary

The most marked step in the global climate transition from "Greenhouse" to "Icehouse" Earth occurred at the Eocene-Oligocene (E–O) boundary, 33.7 Ma. Evidence for climatic changes comes from many sources, including the marine benthic δ18O record, showing an increase by 1.2–1.5‰ at this time. This positive excursion is characterised by two steps, separated by a plateau. The increase in δ18O values has been attributed to rapid glaciation of the Antarctic continent, previously ice-free. Simultaneous changes in the δ13C record are indicative of a greenhouse gas control on climate. Previous studies show that a decline in pCO2 beyond a certain threshold value may have initiated the growth of a Southern Hemispheric ice sheet. These studies were not able to conclusively explain the remarkable two-step profile in δ18O. Furthermore, they did not address the potential role of changes in ocean circulation in the E–O transition. Here a new interpretation of the δ18O signal is presented, based on model simulations using a simple coupled 8-box-ocean, 4-box-atmosphere model with an added land ice component. The model was forced with a slowly decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. It is argued that the first step in the δ18O represents a shift in meridional overturning circulation from a Southern Ocean to a bipolar source of deep-water formation, which is associated with a cooling of the deep sea. This shift can be initiated by a small density perturbation in the model, although there is also a parameter regime for which the shift occurs spontaneously. The second step in the δ18O profile occurs due to a rapid glaciation of the Antarctic continent. This new interpretation is a robust outcome of our model and is in good agreement with proxy data.
The extent of protective footwear use among school­age rural children at high risk for podoconiosis and socio­economic correlates: a household cross­sectional survey in Southern Ethiopia

and the ambivalent sexism theory, we proposed that the more women adhere to hostile and benevolent sexist beliefs, the more likely they would be to justify existing gender relations in society, which in turn, would positively predict their support for traditional, husband-centered marital surname change. We further argued that hostile (as compared to benevolent) sexism could act as a particularly strong direct predictor of the support for marital surname change among women. We tested these possibilities across three cross-sectional studies conducted among women in Turkey (Study 1, N = 118, self-identified feminist women; Study 2, N = 131, female students) and the United States (Study 3, N = 140, female students). Results of Studies 1 and 3 revealed that higher adherence to hostile (but not benevolent) sexism was associated with higher support for marital surname change indirectly through higher gender-based system justification. In Study 2, the hypothesized full mediation was not observed. Consistent with our predictions, in all three studies, hostile (but not benevolent) sexism was found to be a direct positive predictor of the support for marital surname change among women. We discuss the role of dominant ideologies surrounding marriage and inegalitarian naming conventions in different cultures as obstacles to women’s birth surname retention upon marriage.
Physiological Responses Underlying the Perception of Effort during Moderate and Heavy Intensity Cycle Ergometry

This study examined patterns of responses for physiological and perceptual variables during cycle ergometry at a constant rate of perceived exertion (RPE) within the moderate and heavy exercise intensity domains. Nineteen (mean age 21.3 ± 0.5 years; 43.4 ± 2.0 mL·kg−1·min−1 V ˙ O 2 Peak ) moderately trained cyclists performed an incremental test to exhaustion and two 60 min constant RPE rides at the RPE corresponding to the gas exchange threshold (RPEGET) and 15% above the GET (RPEGET+15%). Oxygen consumption ( V ˙ O2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation ( V ˙ E ), breathing frequency ( ℱ b ), and power output (PO) were monitored throughout the rides. Polynomial regression analyses showed V ˙ O2, RER, HR, and V ˙ E (correlation = −0.85 to −0.98) tracked the decreases in PO required to maintain a constant RPE. Only ℱ b tracked RPE during the moderate and heavy intensity rides. Repeated measures ANOVAs indicated that V ˙ O2 during the 60 min rides at RPEGET was not different (p > 0.05) from V ˙ O2 at GET from the incremental test to exhaustion. Thus, monitoring intensity using an RPE associated with the GET is sustainable for up to 60 min of cycling exercise and a common mechanism may mediate ℱ b and the perception of effort during moderate and heavy intensity cycle ergometry.
Pre-Acadian copper mineralization in the English Lake District

The Ordovician sedimentary and igneous rocks of the English Lake District host a widespread suite of epigenetic metalliferous veins dominated by copper sulphides with abundant arsenopyrite, pyrite and accessory galena and sphalerite. New field and microstructural evidence from examples of this suite at Coniston, Wasdale, Honister, Newlands and Borrowdale shows that the veins were strongly cleaved during the Early Devonian (Emsian) Acadian orogenic event. The principal evidence includes the continuity of wall-rock cleavage fabrics with pressure solution seams in the veins and consistently orientated cleavage through enclosed, rotated wall-rock fragments and chloritic mats. There is also widespread complex intracrystalline deformation in quartz, cataclasis of arsenopyrite and pyrite, fracturing and/or buckling of bladed hematite, and growth of quartz or mica-fibre strain fringes. Chalcopyrite was partially or totally remobilized, enabling it to migrate along quartz crystal boundaries, and invade brecciated pyrite. Previous K–Ar Early Devonian age determinations for the mineralization are considered to have been reset. The pre-Acadian age of this mineralization, its style and relationship to the volcanic rocks permits a genetic link with the final phases of Caradoc magmatism.
Upregulation of nuclear factor- (cid:1) B expression by SLURP-1 is mediated by (cid:2) 7 -nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and involves both ionic events and activation of protein kinases

SA. Upregulation of nuclear factor- (cid:1) B expression by SLURP-1 is mediated by (cid:2) 7 -nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and involves both ionic events and activation of protein kinases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 299: C903–C911, 2010. July 21, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00216. 2010. —SLURP-1 (secreted mammalian Ly-6/ urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-related protein-1) is a novel auto/paracrine cholinergic peptide that can bind to (cid:2) 7 -nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a high Ca 2 (cid:3) -permeable ion channel coupled to regulation of nuclear factor- (cid:1) B (NF- (cid:1) B) expression. Elucidation of intracellular signaling events elicited by SLURP-1 is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanism of functioning of this novel hormone-like peptide that alters vital cell functions and can protect from tumorigenic transformation. In this study, we sought to dissect out the role of (cid:2) 7 -nAChR in mediating the biologic effects of recombinant SLURP-1 on the immortalized line of human oral keratinocytes Het-1A. A multifold upregulation of the NF- (cid:1) B expression at the mRNA and protein levels by SLURP-1 was only slightly diminished due to elimination of Na (cid:3) , whereas in Ca 2 (cid:3) -free medium the effect of SLURP-1 was inhibited by (cid:4) 50%. Both in the absence of extracellular Ca 2 (cid:3) and in the presence of Cd 2 (cid:3) or Zn 2 (cid:3) , the SLURP-1-dependent elevation of NF- (cid:1) B was almost completely blocked by inhibiting MEK1 activity. Downstream of (cid:2) 7 -nAChR, the SLURP-1 signaling coupled to upregulation of NF- (cid:1) B also involved Jak2 as well as Ca 2 (cid:3) /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and protein kinase C (PKC), whose inhibition signiﬁcantly ( P (cid:5) 0.05) reduced the SLURP-1-induced upregulation of NF- (cid:1) B. The obtained results indicated that activation of (cid:2) 7 -nAChR by SLURP-1 leads to upregulation of the NF- (cid:1) B gene expression due to activation of the Raf-1/MEK1/ERK1/2 cascade that proceeds via two complementary signaling pathways. One is mediated by the Ca 2 (cid:3) -entry dependent CaMKII/PKC activation and another one by Ca 2 (cid:3) -independent involvement of Jak2. Thus, there exists a previously not appreciated network of noncanonical auto/paracrine ligands of nAChR of the Ly-6 protein family, which merits further investigations.
Surface energy fluxes and distribution models of permafrost in European mountain areas: an overview of current developments

In recent years successful attempts have been made to develop and improve spatial modelling of mountain permafrost distribution. Work package 4 of the PACE project (Permafrost and Climate in Europe) sought to provide the essential basis not only of present‐day modelling capability, but also of future enhancements in modelling methodology. This paper briefly outlines the currently available typology of models, which involve various levels of sophistication at different spatio‐temporal scales. Appropriate models may be applied to a range of environmental issues in cold mountain areas, including engineering applications, climate‐change scenarios, large‐scale mapping, studies of surface processes or environmental concerns. Special emphasis is given here to aspects of energy exchange at the surface and within the active layer. Such energy fluxes remain poorly understood but play an essential role in process‐oriented research and sensitivity studies with respect to complex interactions and feedbacks within the system. In contrast to relatively flat permafrost areas in polar and subpolar lowlands, circulation of water and air can cause important lateral fluxes of matter and energy within coarse blocks on steep slopes and result in highly variable and sometimes extreme thermal offsets between the ground surface and the permafrost table. Measuring and numerically modelling such fluxes together with coupling time‐dependent surface and subsurface ground thermal conditions in characteristic materials (bedrock, ice‐rich debris, fine‐grained deposits) constitute the main challenge for research in the near future. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute Management of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Patients With Suspected Inherited Heart Rhythm Disorders

After the most common causes of sudden cardiac death including ischemic and structural heart disease have been ruled out, clinicians on the front lines of emergent medical care can be faced with unexplained and recurrent life-threatening arrhythmia episodes in children and adults. In these cases, an inherited arrhythmia syndrome should be suspected, and a departure from conventional advanced cardiac life support algorithms may be required. This review focuses on the electrocardiographic clues of an inherited arrhythmia syndrome that can be uncovered through a careful analysis of the baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) and classi ﬁ cation of the presenting ventricular arrhythmia and its mode of onset. After presenting an informed working diagnosis and an explanation of the implied electrophysiologic mechanisms, discussion provides a protocol approach to acute and subacute management decisions. Careful attention to a patient ’ s response to treatment and its ECG surrogates have the potential to facilitate tailored therapy based on the underlying arrhythmogenic substrate and pathophysiology. (J Am Coll Cardiol EP 2019;5:267 – 83) © 2019 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF): Support for a distinction between Emotional and Behavioral Regulation

Previous research has supported a three-factor division of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) when dividing the parent form in 9 instead of 8 subscales. The present study investigated different factor models in the 8- and 9-scale division in both the parent and teacher form of the Norwegian BRIEF version. Confirmatory Factor Analyzes showed best fit for the three-factor model in a mixed healthy and clinical sample, indicating a distinction between Emotional and Behavioral Regulation. This division is in accordance with present knowledge of brain function and may increase the specificity of executive dysfunction in clinical groups.
Sapphirine and corundum bearing ultrahigh temperature rocks from the Palghat-Cauvery Shear System, southern India

We report a new occurrence of sapphirine- and corundum-bearing silica-deficient Mg-Al rocks from Paramati at the northern margin of the Palghat-Cauvery Shear System which define the Archaean-Proterozoic collisional boundary in southern India. Sapphirine here occurs as medium-grained euhedral to subhedral crystals enclosed within plagioclase and contains inclusions of spinel and sillimanite, and is locally intergrown with corundum, suggesting the reaction Spl + Sil → Spr + Crn. Temperatures estimated from sapphirine-spinel equilibria lie around 930-950°C, suggesting ultrahigh-temperature peak metamorphic conditions. Gedrite is also a common rock forming mineral in these rocks, and coexists with cordierite, corundum, and sillimanite. As gedrite is totally surrounded by cordierite, we infer a prograde reaction Ged + Sil → Crn + Crd + V. Lack of orthopyroxene in our samples suggests a decompressional P-T history following the prograde event. Our results suggest that the whole of northern Madurai Block as well as parts of the Palghat-Cauvery Shear System experienced ultrahigh temperature metamorphism followed by exhumation along a clockwise P-T path.
The Periodontopathic Bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Production by Human Respiratory Epithelial Cell Lines and in the Lower Respiratory Organs in Mice.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The most prevalent infectious disease, chronic periodontitis which leads to alveolar bone destruction and subsequent tooth loss, develops due to proinflammatory cytokine production induced by periodontopathic bacteria. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a non-infectious disease, is the third leading cause of death globally. This condition exacerbates frequently, and which is attributable to proinflammatory cytokine production induced by infection by respiratory microorganisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Although a positive association has recently been revealed between chronic periodontitis and COPD, how periodontitis contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD remains unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized that some periodontopathic bacteria are involved in the exacerbation of COPD through the induction of proinflammatory cytokine production by respiratory epithelial cells. In this connection, COPD develops in the airways; however, because most periodontopathic bacteria are anaerobic, they are unlikely to exhibit stable virulence in the lower respiratory organs in humans. Hence, we aimed to elucidate whether exposure to heat-inactivated periodontopathic bacteria induces proinflammatory cytokine production by several human respiratory epithelial cell lines and in the lower respiratory organs and serum in mice. METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to investigate in vitro induction by heat-inactivated periodontopathic bacteria and S. pneumoniae for mRNA expression and protein production of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6 by human respiratory epithelial cell lines. ELISA was also used to determine in vivo induction of cytokine production in the lower respiratory organs and serum of intratracheally heat-inactivated Fusobacterium nucleatum-inoculated mice. RESULTS Some, but not all, periodontopathic bacteria, especially F. nucleatum, strongly induced IL-8 and IL-6 production by BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. In addition, F. nucleatum induced IL-8 production by A549 alveolar epithelial cells as well as IL-8 and IL-6 production by Detroit 562 pharyngeal epithelial cells. Furthermore, F. nucleatum induced considerably higher cytokine production than S. pneumoniae. This was also observed in the entire lower respiratory organs and serum in mice. CONCLUSION Exposure to increased number of F. nucleatum potentially induces proinflammatory cytokine production by human bronchial and pharyngeal epithelial cells, which may trigger exacerbation of COPD.
An Embedded, Eight Channel, Noise Canceling, Wireless, Wearable sEMG Data Acquisition System With Adaptive Muscle Contraction Detection

Wearable technology has gained increasing popularity in the applications of healthcare, sports science, and biomedical engineering in recent years. Because of its convenient nature, the wearable technology is particularly useful in the acquisition of the physiological signals. Specifically, the (surface electromyography) sEMG systems, which measure the muscle activation potentials, greatly benefit from this technology in both clinical and industrial applications. However, the current wearable sEMG systems have several drawbacks including inefficient noise cancellation, insufficient measurement quality, and difficult integration to customized applications. Additionally, none of these sEMG data acquisition systems can detect sEMG signals (i.e., contractions), which provides a valuable environment for further studies such as human machine interaction, gesture recognition, and fatigue tracking. To this end, we introduce an embedded, eight channel, noise canceling, wireless, wearable sEMG data acquisition system with adaptive muscle contraction detection. Our design consists of two stages, which are the sEMG sensors and the multichannel data acquisition unit. For the first stage, we propose a low cost, dry, and active sEMG sensor that captures the muscle activation potentials, a data acquisition unit that evaluates these captured multichannel sEMG signals and transmits them to a user interface. In the data acquisition unit, the sEMG signals are processed through embedded, adaptive methods in order to reject the power line noise and detect the muscle contractions. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that our sEMG sensor outperforms a widely used commercially available product and our data acquisition system achieves 4.583 dB SNR gain with $98.9784\%$ accuracy in the detection of the contractions.
Learning Rates for Stochastic Gradient Descent With Nonconvex Objectives

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has become the method of choice for training highly complex and nonconvex models since it can not only recover good solutions to minimize training errors but also generalize well. Computational and statistical properties are separately studied to understand the behavior of SGD in the literature. However, there is a lacking study to jointly consider the computational and statistical properties in a nonconvex learning setting. In this paper, we develop novel learning rates of SGD for nonconvex learning by presenting high-probability bounds for both computational and statistical errors. We show that the complexity of SGD iterates grows in a controllable manner with respect to the iteration number, which sheds insights on how an implicit regularization can be achieved by tuning the number of passes to balance the computational and statistical errors. As a byproduct, we also slightly refine the existing studies on the uniform convergence of gradients by showing its connection to Rademacher chaos complexities.
A consolidation model for a creeping clay

A nonlinear theory of consolidation is presented which takes into account secondary compression. The theory is incorporated into a weak form of equilibrium that is suitable for a finite element procedure. The model is used to interpret Crawford's experimental data on Leda clay. Limitations of the model are discussed, and a few thoughts on the effects of temperature on the evaluation of model parameters are briefly presented.Key words: secondary compression, creep, one-dimensional consolidation, modelling.