Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Economic-Need Hypothesis: A Life-Course Explanation of Women’s Extended Family Living Arrangements in Chile

Previous research has mainly understood household extension as a family strategy to face economic deprivation, giving little attention to other factors affecting it. Using 2017 data from the National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey, this article evaluates the role played by economic and life-course factors in extended family living arrangements among women in family units in Chile (n = 60,111). Results indicate that economic needs are an important driver for those seeking refuge in someone else’s home, but they are less important for those hosting other relatives within their household. Importantly, the likelihood of living in an extended household—and the position that family units occupy within the household (as head-families or subfamilies)—changes over the life span. Young women (15–34 years) are more likely to live in extended households as sub-families, while middle-aged women (45–64 years) tend to live in extended households as household heads, hosting young cohabiting couples, or lone mothers.
Comparative analysis of experimental testing procedures for the elicitation of rescue actions in ants

Abstract Rescue behavior is observed when 1 individual provides help to another individual in danger. Most reports of rescue behavior concern ants (Formicidae), in which workers rescue each other from various types of entrapment. Many of these entrapment situations can be simulated in the laboratory using an entrapment bioassay, in which ants confront a single endangered nest mate entrapped on a sandy arena by means of an artificial snare. Here, we compared numerous characteristics of rescue actions (contact between individuals, digging around the entrapped individual, pulling at its body parts, transport of the sand covering it, and biting the snare entrapping it) in Formica cinerea ants. We performed entrapment tests in the field and in the laboratory, with the latter under varying conditions in terms of the number of ants potentially engaged in rescue actions and the arena substrate (marked or unmarked by ants’ pheromones). Rescue actions were more probable and pronounced in the field than in the laboratory, regardless of the type of test. Moreover, different test types in the laboratory yielded inconsistent results and showed noteworthy variability depending on the tested characteristic of rescue. Our results illustrate the specifics of ant rescue actions elicited in the natural setting, which is especially important considering the scarcity of field data. Furthermore, our results underline the challenges related to the comparison of results from different types of entrapment tests reported in the available literature. Additionally, our study shows how animal behavior differs in differing experimental setups used to answer the same questions.
Fracture resistances of CAD/CAM monolithic crowns with different occlusal thickness.

Purpose: This study was designed to examine fracture resistances of different monolithic crowns made by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) on dental implants with different occlusal thickness. Materials and methods: 20 molar crowns were fabricated of four different monolithic ceramic blocks (n=5): Group I: Vita Enamic (V.enamic), GroupII: IPS E-max CAD(e.max), GroupIII: Celtra Duo(CD), GroupIV: Functional explore (f.explore);using CAD/CAM system with different occlusal thickness (1 and 1.5mm). All crowns were cemented on implant abutments using self adhesive resin cement. Combined thermal cycling and mechanical loading was performed under a chewing simulator, A universal testing machine was used to apply load to crown until fracture. The fractured specimens were examined with a scanning electron microscopy. Results: The highest fracture resistance was recorded with f.explore group followed by CD group then e.max group while the lowest fracture resistance mean value recorded with V. Enamic with statistical significance (P=0.0001 0.05) higher fracture resistance mean value than 1mm occlusal thickness except for f.explore group.Conclusions: The fracture resistance of monolithic crowns were differently influenced by the ceramic materials and changes in occlusal thickness. Within the limitations of this study, all the tested crowns withstood the physiological masticatory loads both at the recommended and reduced occlusal thickness.
Sentinel surveillance for bacterial pneumonia and meningitis in children under the age of 5 in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Colombia - 2016

Abstract: Introduction: Bacterial pneumonia and meningitis are vaccine-preventable diseases. Sentinel surveillance provides relevant information about their behavior. Objective: To present the data from sentinel surveillance carried out at the Fundación HOMI, Fundación Hospital Pediátrico La Misericordia in 2016. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive study from January 1 to December 31, 2016, on the daily surveillance of patients under 5 years of age diagnosed with pneumonia or bacterial meningitis according to PAHO's definitions. We identified the microorganisms using the automated VITEKTM 2 system. Bacterial isolates were sent to the Microbiology Group at the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Salud for confirmation, serotyping, phenotypic, and genotypic characterization. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were established. Results: From 1,343 suspected cases of bacterial pneumonia, 654 (48.7%) were probable, 84% had complete Hib vaccination schedules, and 87% had complete pneumococcal vaccination schedules for age. Blood culture was taken in 619 (94.6%) and 41 (6.6%) were positive while S. pneumoniae was isolated in 17 (41%) of them. The most frequent serotype was 19A in five cases (29.4%), and four 19A serotypes were associated with the reference isolate ST320. The incidence rate of probable bacterial pneumonia was 7.3 cases/100 hospitalized patients, and lethality was 2.1%. As for bacterial meningitis, 22 suspected cases were reported, 12 (54%) were probable, four (33%) were confirmed: two by Escherichia coli and two by group C N. meningitidis. The incidence of probable bacterial meningitis was 0.14 cases/100 hospitalized patients. Conclusion: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 19A and 3 were the most frequent cause of pneumonia. Spn19A is related to the multi-resistant clone ST320. Strengthening and continuing this strategy will allow understanding the impact of vaccination.
Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant potentiality and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts of Rosenvingea sp. of Bay of Bengal

The objective of the present study was to explore the phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of 50% ethanolic extract of Rosenvingea sp. found in the Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh. Seven phytochemicals were tested from the ethanolic extract of Rosenvingea, where four phytochemicals, namely steroid, glycosides, alkaloids, and tannins were present. However, ethanol extract exhibited low antioxidant activity compared to standard ascorbic acid as measured by DPPH-Free radical scavenging assay. In Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay, 50% ethanolic extract showed an LC50 value of 10.88 mg/mL, whereas positive control (K2Cr2O7) showed LC50 59.97 µg/mL suggesting the less toxic property of the ethanolic extract. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Rosenvingea sp. was investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria species (Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Klebsiella) by agar disc diffusion method. The highest antibacterial activity was noticed against Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus hominis with a zone of inhibition of 5.00±1.00 mm, 3.66±0.57 mm, and 3.33±0.57 mm, respectively. This is the first study on Rosenvingea sp. from the Bay of Bengal, reporting its phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potentiality. However, more study is required to elucidate its commercial viability in the food and medicine industries. J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 45(1); 59-71: June 2021
Microwave drying and NIR spectroscopy for the rapid moisture measurement of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves during storage

ABSTRACT Microwave technology was assessed and compared with traditional kiln drying to analyze the moisture content of yerba mate leaves/sticks. The moisture content was also measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). The samples were stored under different conditions of temperature, relative humidity (RH), and time, until 180 days. The microwave method was similar to the official kiln drying method when 900 W/4.3 min was applied. The use of microwave drying showed similar results to the kiln method in the moisture range of 0–10 g/100 g raw material. The partial least square (PLS) models obtained from NIR spectroscopy showed low predictive power, due to the natural heterogeneity of the samples.
What Determines Tax Evasion Attitude: A Study in Selected Zones of SNNPR, Ethiopia

Tax evasion is a phenomenon in every nation even if the magnitude and causes may vary. It is associated with the introduction of taxation itself; tax evasion is a serious problem to a tax system. Therefore, examining what contributes to evasion in a given tax system is vital so that the negative consequences might be identified and solved. The study sought to identifies determinant factors of taxes evasion attitude of taxpayers in selected five zones: Gedeo, Gamo, Hadiya, Halaba and Gurage zone of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regions (SNNPR) Ethiopia. Using Yamane (1967) formula and sampled 956 respondents. We have categorized our respondents as evaders, non-evaders and neutral based on the average value of their response and exclude neutral respondents. Accordingly, we used 768 questionnaires. We used a logistic regression model to examine what determines the evasion attitude of taxpayers. It is identified that significant difference among taxpayers towards tax evasion at zone level; Category A taxpayers are inclined to evasion compared to B; the level of education, peer, tax rate, and tax system has contributed to tax evasion attitude positively; and Authorized accountants are found to be facilitators for evasion. Based on our result we concluded that system orients variables are the most determinant factors affecting the evasion attitude of taxpayers compared to demographic attributes.
INFLUENCE OF BOOR GENOTYPE ON HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD IN HYBRID PIGS

Purpose of research: In the process of growth and development of pigs, to study the hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of young pigs obtained by combining two breed sows with purebred and hybrid boars. Material and research methods. The studies were carried out at the State Agrarian University of Moldova and at the pork production enterprise "SC Agroseminvest SRL". To achieve the goal, the research material was two breed sows large white x Landrace (maternal form) and purebred and hybrid boars: I-pietrain; II-large white x landrace x pietrain; III-(large white x landrace x pietrain) x pietrain; IV-duroc; V-pietrain x duroc, (paternal form). In order to determine the influence of hybrid boars on the growth and development of the offspring, five experimental groups were formed according to the principle of analogs of 6 sows and 30 heads of young animals (15 pigs and 15 castrates). Research results . The data obtained indicate an insignificant increase in the hemoglobin content in group I in comparison with group V animals with a moderate significance of the difference, which was 4 g/l (B ≥ 0.95). Consequently, in groups where meat breeds Pietrain and Duroc were used in various combinations, the hemoglobin content was higher. The best results in terms of the content of erythrocytes were obtained in groups III and V, respectively 7.61 x 1012 и and 7.59 x 1012, and a significant difference was established between groups III and IV (B ≥ 0.99), while in the second group the content of erythrocytes was 0.39 lower than in group III (7.22 x 10¹²). Reliable data on the ALT content were obtained between young pigs of groups I and V (B ≥ 0.95). Some tendencies towards a higher content of AST in the second group have been established. The blood glucose level in hybrid young animals in different combination combinations ranged from 5.68 mmol/l (group I) to 6.19 (group II), and the calcium level from 2.55 mmol/l (group III) to 2.81 mmol/l (group II) with a moderate tendency to increase these indicators in group II. Conclusions: A higher hemoglobin content was found in the I group of animals in comparison with the V group with a moderate significance of the difference, which was 4 g/l (B ≥ 0.95). A significant difference was established between groups III and IV (B ≥ 0.99). A higher content of protein in the blood is found in groups I–II, and is more than 89 g/l. In hybrid young animals, the glucose level in different combination combinations ranged from 5.68 mmol/l (group I) to 6.19 (group II), and the calcium level from 2.55 mmol/l (group III) to 2.81 mmol/l (Group II) with a moderate tendency to an increase in these indicators in group II.
Determinants of Continuance Intention towards Banks’ Chatbot Services in Vietnam: A Necessity for Sustainable Development

To improve customer experience and achieve sustainable development, many industries, especially banking, have leveraged artificial intelligence to implement a chatbot into their customer service. By integrating DeLone and McLean’s information systems success (D&M ISS) model and the expectation confirmation model (ECM) with the factor of trust, the aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of users’ continuance intentions towards chatbot services in the context of banking in Vietnam. A total of 359 questionnaire surveys were collected from a real bank’s chatbot users and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that users’ continuance intentions towards the banks’ chatbot services were influenced by satisfaction, trust, and perceived usefulness, of which trust had the strongest effect. The results also indicate that information quality, system quality, service quality, and confirmation of expectations had significant effects on three drivers of continuance intention in different ways. Our study contributes to the literature by providing a more comprehensive viewpoint to understand the perceptions and reactions of chatbot users in the post-adoption stage. The results of this study also yield several key suggestions for banking service providers on how to increase their customers’ intentions to continue using chatbot services, serving as a basis for long-term and sustainable development strategies in the current digital era.
Transcriptome and Metabolite Insights into Domestication Process of Cultivated Barley in China

The domestication process of cultivated barley in China remains under debate because of the controversial origins of barley. Here, we analyzed transcriptomic and non-targeted metabolic data from 29 accessions together with public resequencing data from 124 accessions to explore the domestication process of cultivated barley in China (Cb-C). These analyses revealed that both Cb-C and Tibetan wild barley (Wb-T) were the descendants of wild barley from the Near East Fertile Crescent (Wb-NE), yielding little support for a local origin of Wb-T. Wb-T was more likely an intermediate in the domestication process from Wb-NE to Cb-C. Wb-T contributed more genetically to Cb-C than Wb-NE, and was domesticated into Cb-C about 3300 years ago. These results together seem to support that Wb-T may be a feralized or hybrid form of cultivated barley from the Near East Fertile Crescent or central Asia. Additionally, the metabolite analysis revealed divergent metabolites of alkaloids and phenylpropanoids and these metabolites were specifically targeted for selection in the evolutionary stages from Wb-NE to Wb-T and from Wb-T to Cb-C. The key missense SNPs in the genes HORVU6Hr1G027650 and HORVU4Hr1G072150 might be responsible for the divergence of metabolites of alkaloids and phenylpropanoids during domestication. Our findings allow for a better understanding of the domestication process of cultivated barley in China.
Religion and Spirituality in Adjusting to Bereavement

B oth religion-spirituality and death play central roles in the human experience (Wuthnow, Christiano, & Kuzlowski, 1980). Accordingly, religious traditions and academic disciplines such as theology and philosophy have long featured death as a central theme, and have long considered ways to deal with the burden of grief, which is an unavoidable aspect of existence. Grief refers to the deep sorrow following signi! cant losses, the experience of mourning. This burden is the psychological weight experienced by the loss of a loved one, the loss of identity or status, the loss of relationship, the loss of place or thing, and the loss of capacity. These are the ! ve great territories of grief (Halifax, 2008). Grief can be an underlying mental process that "avors a life continuously or an experience that one passes through and is resolved in a positive manner, bringing about a greater sense of humanness, compassion, and wisdom. Grief is a multivalenced experience that can include shock, denial, numbness, anger, longing, yearning, searching, disorganization, despair, and potential reorganization. The burden of the loss can be carried over a lifetime or laid down. Grief can be seen as a natural human process giving rise to one’s basic humanity, yet it can also be a potential trap, a no-exit, a source of chronic suffering. Grief, of course, is a profound and often complex response for those who have been left behind by the dying. Survivors are often broken apart by the knowledge that they cannot bring back that which has been lost. The sense of irrevocability leaves them often helpless and sad, sometimes cognitively impaired, and sometimes socially withdrawn. And then there is the taste of grief in the landscape of Western culture, which is conditioned to possess and not let go; and yet beings and things are inevitably lost as we live our lives in this all-too-transient world. All
Application of dissolved air flotation process for industrial sludge thickening: A laboratory-scale study

Aims: Increasing population density in cities has led to an increase in industrial and municipal wastewater sludge generation volume. Dissolved air flotation (DAF) can widely be used for water and wastewater treatment. The aim of our study is to evaluate some DAF design parameters on biological sludge thickening which generated from an industrial wastewater treatment plant. Materials and Methods: This experimental research had been carried out as a laboratory-scale study on DAF process to thickening of the biological sludge. The required amount of sludge was taken once from the Amikabir industrial town wastewater treatment plant in Kashan, Iran. After determination of optimal recycling rate, pH, and coagulant dose, effects of pressure (3, 5, and 7 atm), flotation time (5 and 10 min), and coagulant addition were evaluated on DAF process efficiency. Results: According to this investigation results, the optimal pH and dose of coagulant were obtained 7.5 and 200 mg/L, respectively. Maximum process efficiency for the reduction of total dissolved solids (TDSs), total solids (TSs), and turbidity parameters was 61.01%, 84.02%, and 97%, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that in contrast to time, coagulant addition and pressure have significant effect on DAF process. Conclusion: DAF process had suitable thickening efficiency to removal of TDS, TS, and turbidity on biological activated sludge.
On the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mechanism Catalyzed by Pd Complexes on 2D Carbon. A Theoretical Study

Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) is the bottle-neck strategic reaction ruling the fuel cell efficiency process. The slow kinetics of the reaction require highly effective electrocatalysts for proper boosting. In this field, composite catalysts formed by carbon nanotubes functionalized with palladium(II) complexes showed surprising catalytic activity comparable to those of a commercial Pt electrode, but the catalytic mechanisms of these materials still remain open to discussion. In this paper, we propose the combination of experimental and theoretical results to unfold the elementary reaction steps underlying the ORR catalysis.
HURDLE STEP COMPONENT SCORE FROM THE FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREEN IS ASSOCIATED WITH STRENGTH, SPEED, AND JUMP PERFORMANCE

Background: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a tool designed to establish a baseline for fundamental movement capacity, highlight limitations and limb asymmetries, and identify potential injury risk. Previous research has shown that individual components of the screen are also indicative of injury risk, as well as potential predictors of athletic performance unlike the FMS composite scores. However, this literature is limited and lacks statistical power. Identifying which component scores are predictive of injury risk and athletic performance would provide a quick, powerful tool for coaches and trainers to evaluate athletes. Purpose: To determine if individual component scores of the FMS are associated with athletic performance in highly-active youth athletes. Methods: Youth athletes participated in the Specialized Athlete Functional Evaluation (SAFE) Program. Data collection was extensive, however, for the purpose of this abstract, only a selection of data was analyzed – age, BMI, years played, total number of past injuries, isokinetic knee strength, 10- and 20-meter sprint, single-leg hop (SLH) distance, and FMS scores. Seated knee flexion/extension strength was collected at 120°/second using a Biodex System 4, and peak torque was normalized by body weight. The maximum distance of three SLHs was recorded for each leg and normalized to leg length. FMS scores used for analysis included the total composite and component scores, including the deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight-leg raise, trunk stability push-up, and rotary stability. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests were used to determine side-to-side differences, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to determine differences in athletic performance based on FMS scores (α<0.05). Results: A total of 38 highly-active, youth athletes (26F; 15.4±2.6 years; BMI 21.0±5.3) were tested. Participants reported playing organized sports for 8.7±3.4 years, having 2.0±1.2 past sports-related injuries, and 74% reported specializing in a single sport. No side-to-side differences were found. While the composite FMS score significantly differed by number of past injuries (p=0.036), it was not associated with athletic performance. Alternatively, left knee strength, sprint speeds, and right hop distance significantly differed by the hurdle step component score (Table 1). Conclusion: While the composite FMS score was not an indicator of athletic performance, the hurdle step component score was associated with strength, speed, and jump performance. This individual task could be a beneficial tool for coaches and trainers when evaluating athletic ability and injury risk of athletes. Tables/Figures: