Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detrital zircon evidence for derivation of arkosic sand in the eolilan Narbona Pass Member of the Eocene-Oligocene Chuska Sandstone from Precambrian basement rocks in central Arizona

The Narbona Pass Member of the Chuska Sandstone, exposed only along the crest of the Chuska Mountains (Arizona–New Mexico), is the central remnant of the Oligocene Chuska erg, which is inferred to have occupied ~125,000 km2 of the southeastern Colorado Plateau within a subcircular area surrounded by Oligocene volcanic fields. The high paleotopography of active volcanic edifices delimited the lateral extent of erg deposition except to the west, which was upwind for eolian sand transport. The dominant arkosic petrofacies of the Narbona Pass Member, as exposed at Narbona Pass near Crystal (NM) and at Buffalo Pass near Lukachukai (AZ), was derived mainly from Precambrian basement in central Arizona. The principal subpopulations of detrital zircons (n=100 grains) by U-Pb age are 1770-1640 Ma (~70% with age peak at 1700 Ma), reflecting derivation from the Yavapai-Mazatzal belt of southwest Laurentia, and 1460-1400 Ma (~15% with age peak at 1425 Ma) derived from anorogenic granite bodies intrusive into Yavapai-Mazatzal basement. Precambrian detritus was apparently carried northward to alluvial plains deposited west of the Chuska erg and deflated to feed sand into the erg interior. Other remnants of the Chuska erg along the northern flank of the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, in the subsurface of the Albuquerque basin of the Rio Grande rift, and near Whiskey Lake in the southernmost Chuska Mountains are petrographically distinct from the arkosic petrofacies of the erg interior, and were evidently derived from other sources as yet untested by detrital zircons. The areal variability of erg sand implies either different pathways for sand transport across the expanse of an integrated Chuska erg or segmentation of the Chuska erg into multiple subdivisions that were partly separated by inselbergs of the pre-Oligocene erg substratum.
Spatiotemporal Outlier Detection: Did Buoys Tell Where the Hurricanes Were?

ABSTRACT Data points that exhibit abnormal behavior, either spatially, temporally, or both, are considered spatiotemporal outliers. Spatiotemporal outlier detection is important for the discovery of exceptional events due to the rapidly increasing amount of spatiotemporal data available, and the need to understand such data. A tropical cyclone system or a hurricane can be considered an abnormal activity of the atmosphere system. Discovery of such an abnormality usually leverages data from a satellite or radar. Not many people have thought about using a weather buoy, a floating device that provides meteorological and environmental information in real time for open ocean and coastal zones. The aim of this research is to see if a spatiotemporal outlier approach can help to discover the evolution and movement of the hurricane system from weather buoy observations. This article leverages an algorithm, spatiotemporal local density-based clustering of applications with noise (ST-LDBCAN), which has been developed and used by the authors to detect outliers in various scenarios. The ST-LDBCAN has a novel way of defining spatiotemporal context and can handle multivariate data, which is its advantage over existing algorithms. The results show a good correlation between detected spatiotemporal outliers and the paths and evolution of Hurricanes Katrina and Gustav.
Research Progress on the Water and Nitrogen Detection Using Spectral Reflectance

Water and nutrient are the main limitation factors for crop production. On-site and precise detection of crop water and nutrient content is necessary for improving crop water and nutrient management, and the use efficiency of water and nutrients;reducing environmental pollution caused by over fertilization; and promoting water-saving agriculture production. In this paper, firstly, a brief introduction to the eco-physiological basis of plant spectral characters and the principles of spectra detection of plant water and nitrogen content were presented. An overview was then given on the developments of the detection of crop water and nitrogen status by remote sensing. Finally, the current research highlight, the existing difficulties, and the future development trends and the prospect of remote sensing of crop water and nitrogen status were discussed.
Environmental interpretation of the atrypid shell beds from the Middle to Upper Devonian boundary of the Holy Cross Mts and Cracow Upland

As indicated by a comparative analysis of atrypid shell beds yielded by stromatoporoid-coral limestones at the Middle to Upper Devonian boundary at Checiny (Holy Cross Mts) and Debnik (Cracow Upland), the atrypid Desquamatia was widely tolerant of environmental conditions. It formed a pioneer association able to colonize intershoal, poorly aerated habitats (Debnik), as well as those periodically influenced by restricted logoons in conditions of fluctuating (? ·lowering) salinity (Checiny). The shell size and morphology of Desquamatia is variable depending upon environmental variation related especially to the environmental stress and toxicity being higher at Debnik than at Checiny. Atrypid shell beds produced by monotypic population of Desquamatia are characteristic of Givetian to Frasnian transitional beds in Poland, West Europe, and the United States. In the systematic part of the paper the atrypid Desquamatia ( Seratrypa ) gIobosa (Gurich) and the associated cyrtospiriferid Uchtospirifer nalivkini Lyashenko are described.
Phenology and productivity of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under varying sowing environment and irrigation levels

A field experiment was conducted at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur (Rajasthan) during rabi seasons of 2008-09 and 2009-10 to study the effect of thermal regimes on phenology and productivity of mustard (Brassica juncea) variety Bio-902. The experiment consisted of four dates of sowing (5th October, 20th October, 4th November and 19th November) and four irrigation levels (no irrigation, at vegetative stage, at vegetative and flowering stages and at vegetative, flowering and siliquae development stages). The experiment was laid out in split plot design having four replications. Regression models were developed to predict the seed yield of mustard. The crop sown on 5th October and 20th October gave the maximum seed yield (17.01q ha–1) and significantly higher harvest index over 4th November and 19th November sown crops. Seed yield of mustard have positive correlation with maximum and minimum temperatures up to 75 DAS, thereafter, negative correlation was observed from 90 DAS to maturity. An increase of 1.0°C mean temperature during 90 to 105 DAS caused reduction in seed yield by 4.0 q ha–1. The mean temperatures of 21.0 to 25.5°C and 18.7 to 20.5°C during vegetative and reproductive phase, respectively, was found conducive for higher productivity in mustard. Number of days for reproductive phase, growing degree days (GDD) and helio thermal unit (HTU) decreased with the successive delay in sowing. Late sown crop exhibited higher canopy temperature at 75 and 90 DAS. Application of three irrigations gave significantly higher seed yield by 92.0, 28.0 and 4.0 per cent over no irrigation, one and two irrigations, respectively.
A New Approach for Iris Segmentation Based on U-Net

The concept of iris segmentation was created to increase the accuracy of iris recognition. Past recognition methods used the entire eye image directly for recognition classification, which led to poor recognition results. For the sake of sovling this problem, this paper proposes the ResU-Net (RU-Net) model, which can guide the network to learn more features that distinguish between iris and non-iris pixels. First, based on the U-Net, the backbone network model is changed to ResNet50 in this paper. This has the advantage of reducing the number of parameters and network complexity, and improving the learning capability. For the sake of solving the problem of sample imbalance between iris region and background region, this paper introduces the Focal Loss loss function. focal loss can effectively deal with the case of sample category imbalance and make the network focus more on the pixels that are difficult to classify. In this paper, the proposed RU-Net model is experimentally evaluated on the CASIA-Iris-Thousand dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that RU-Net achieves significant improvements on NIR iris images, reaching 96.22% MIoU and 98.19% MPA. This indicates that the RU-Net method outperforms other representative iris segmentation methods and has better segmentation capability.
Effects of olivine fabric, melt‐rock reaction, and hydration on the seismic properties of peridotites: Insight from the Luobusha ophiolite in the Tibetan Plateau

In order to constrain the effects of olivine fabric, melt‐rock reaction, and hydration on the seismic properties and anisotropy of mantle rocks, we investigated serpentinized peridotites from the Luobusha ophiolite in the Indus‐Tsangpo suture of the Tibetan Plateau. A‐type and almost random olivine crystal‐preferred orientations (CPO) occur in harzburgite and dunite samples, respectively. The dunite resulted from interactions of harzburgite with boninitic melt at ~800–970°C, yielding pyroxene dissolution and olivine precipitation. The olivine neoblasts formed from the melt‐rock reaction show no evidence of dislocation creep and developed almost random CPO. Hence, the melt‐rock reaction reduced seismic anisotropy. Our results together with those from the literature indicate that A‐, B‐, C‐, D‐, and E‐type CPOs of olivine generally induce Vp anisotropy patterns with Vp(X) > Vp(Y) > Vp(Z), Vp(Y) > Vp(X) > Vp(Z), Vp(Z) > Vp(X) > Vp(Y), Vp(X) > Vp(Y) ≈ Vp(Z), and Vp(X) > Vp(Z) > Vp(Y), respectively. The effect of serpentinization was calibrated by the comparison of seismic velocities and anisotropy measured up to 600 MPa with the values calculated from the CPO data. Although the low‐temperature (LT, <300°C) serpentinization (lizardite and chrysotile) decreases Vp by ~6–10% and Vs by ~12%, it does not change the anisotropy pattern because the mesh‐texture characterized by serpentine veins perpendicular to the principal structural directions (X, Y, and Z) reduces the velocities in these orthogonal directions to almost equal extent. Thus, the magnitude of seismic anisotropy alone cannot be used as an indicator of the degree of LT serpentinization in the mantle rocks. Furthermore, Birch's law is found to hold when peridotites undergo serpentinization.
The Role of Bed Morphology and Channel Curvature on the Redistribution of Momentum in a Series of Meander Bends, Pearl River, USA

Three primary driving factors are responsible for the lateral flux of streamwise momentum within meander bends: topographic steering of the flow related to changes in channel morphology, rapid changes in channel curvature, and curvature‐driven helical motion. While these factors have been studied previously, their relative contributions to the net redistribution of streamwise momentum within a series of consecutive bends have not yet been fully documented. This study explores the relative contributions of these three mechanisms to the redistribution of streamwise momentum using three‐dimensional velocity data obtained along six consecutive meander bends on the Pearl River (Louisiana, USA) for two different discharges. The magnitudes of lateral momentum flux are systematically compared to spatial series of channel width, bed shape, and channel curvature to elucidate the interactions between channel form and flow structure. Results show that the lateral flux of streamwise momentum is primarily driven by topographic steering with values of momentum flux due to curvature‐driven secondary circulation on average an order of magnitude less than values of flux related to topographic steering. The spatial patterns of the lateral flux components show that momentum redistribution due to topographic steering is highest at the entrance to the bend, and momentum redistribution due to secondary circulation is typically highest downstream of the apex. The results of this study emphasize the important role that interaction between process and form plays in dynamics of natural meandering rivers.
EXTENDING A 1-LINE MODELING APPROACH TO EXPLORE EMERGENT COASTLINE BEHAVIORS

Previous work treating shoreline change arising from alongshore sediment transport as a diffusion of shoreline shape has been in error. When the effects of nearshore refraction on breaking-wave characteristics are included, analyses show that shoreline diffusivity varies with deep-water wave characteristics, and that the traditionally used value for shoreline diffusivity is not correct. For sufficiently oblique wave-approach angles, diffusivity becomes negative. As we expand on here, analysis in terms of deep-water wave characteristics shows that a negative diffusivity will occur for common wave-approach angles. Thus, the effects of this instability are likely to be important for many shorelines. Investigating the consequences of this fundamental aspect of shoreline change using a simple numerical model requires important modifications to the 1-line modeling approach, as we detail here. When diffusivity is negative, nonphysical discretization artifacts will appear in such a model unless the algorithm is designed specifically to avoid these artifacts. In addition, the algorithm must be designed to handle model complications related to emergent shoreline structures.
Lanthanum-substituted Cobalt Ferrite Established by the Co-precipitation Process: Annealing Temperature Adjustment of Structural, Magnetic, and Dye Removal Characteristics

Co-precipitation process was used for the synthesis of lanthanum-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles at several annealing temperatures (Ta), i.e., 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C, for 5 h. XRD spectral depicted that the produced nanoparticles sample indicates a single phase of fcc inverse spinel conforming to ICDD No 22-1086. The crystallite size (D) calculation at the strongest peaks shows the increase in enhancing the Ta i.e., 18.99 nm, 19.90 nm, and 23.21 nm for 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C, respectively. The FTIR results showed absorption band at the tetrahedral site, v1 ~575 cm−1 and the octahedral site, v2 ~474 cm−1. The absorption bands indicate that the lanthanum ions have successfully replaced the Fe3+ cations in the original cobalt ferrite structure. According to the hysteresis loop, the coercive field's (HC) magnitude falls from 700 Oe down to 550 Oe as Ta increases. This result is consistent with the anisotropy constant which decreased from 0.77×104 erg/cm3 to 0.56×104 erg/cm3. The obtained nanoparticles also showed superior performance (much larger than 95%) for dye removal of Congo red. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
The Effects of Technical Skills, Attitudes, and Knowledge on Students' Readiness to Use 4.0 Industrial Revolution Technologies in Education

Technological advancements have led to the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Students’ readiness to use 4IR technologies is thus essential for the development of knowledgeable, competent, and skilled graduates. However, ensuring students’ readiness to use 4IR technologies is quite challenging, leading to a need to understand the factors that influence readiness in this regard. In this study, a research model was developed for examining effects of students’ technical skills, attitudes, and knowledge on their readiness to use 4IR technologies. Data were collected from 182 students through an online survey. A two-step data analysis was then performed using AMOS. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the research model, and SEM was then applied to examine the hypotheses and relationships between the constructs. The results demonstrated that students’ technical skills, attitudes, and knowledge levels significantly influenced their readiness to use 4IR technologies. Recommendations for policy and decision makers in higher education were drawn from this research to increase students’ readiness for adopting and using 4IR technologies.
PRESERVATIONAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF ASSEMBLAGES OF AGGLUTINATED EUKARYOTES IN CRYOGENIAN CAP CARBONATES OF NORTHERN NAMIBIA

ABSTRACT Laminated carbonates of the Rasthof Formation, deposited in the aftermath of the early Cryogenian low-latitude glaciation (Sturtian, 717–662 Ma), preserve abundant round tests of agglutinated microscopic eukaryotes. Previously, fossil tests were reported in two localities (Ongongo and Okaaru) from microbially laminated carbonates in the Rasthof Formation, which revealed a previous unexplored Cryogenian taphonomic window. In order to better understand the lateral variability in these microfossil assemblages, this work systematically examines fossil tests from two additional localities, South Ombepera and Ombepera, and compares their preservation in thinly and thickly laminated microbial laminites. Cap carbonates in South Ombepera and Ombepera contain abundant, hollow, spheroidal agglutinated tests (50 to 225 µm in diameter). Some of these tests exhibit slitlike or triangular apertures. In contrast, much larger, oval tests with a tapering end dominate the assemblages at Okaaru, whereas oval, laterally compressed and round structures with slits, visors, or central apertures are found at Ongongo. The thinly laminated microbial laminites from Ombepera, South Ombepera, and Okaaru also preserve rare agglutinated tubes attributed to fossils of early Foraminifera. At all four localities, the thinly laminated microbial laminites preserve more microfossils than thickly laminated microbial laminites although these two facies commonly interfinger and are interbedded. This difference shows that conditions present during formation of the thinly laminated microbial laminites favored the preservation of round agglutinators, perhaps during early burial, lithification, and fossilization of the test walls.
Loading/unloading response ratio study of seismic response on underground rock cavern group

The loading/unloading response ratio theory is introduced to analyze the seismic response of underground rock cavern group.The response region is determined reasonably by taking the input seismic accelerations as loads and unloads and cavern accelerations as response.The numerical section model of No.13 unit of Baihetan hydropower station is established by FLAC3D.With Wenchuan earthquake as input wave,the seismic stability of underground rock cavern group is discussed.The result shows that the peak value of loading/unloading response ratio is about 4.05-11.52 under 2% exceeding probability in future 100 years.The rock mass around top arch of main powerhouse and interlayer C4 in upstream wall of tailrace surge chamber are under the state of nonlinear deformation,but the loading/unloading response ratio is not infinite during the whole process,with no stability failure of rock mass.The relative displacement of interlayer has adverse effect on the wall stability of tailrace surge chamber.This research method can be used for seismic stability study of common rock mass.
A Multi-Robot Allocation Scheme for Coverage Control Applications with Multiple Areas of Interest

Coverage control with a multi-robot system requires the robot team to be optimally distributed across some environment. This environment may have multiple, distinct areas of interest, each of which associated with a specific task that requires robots with particular capabilities. In such scenarios, the first problem to be solved is that of assigning each robot in the team to one of the importance areas, while accounting for the robots' capabilities and the task/area requirements. This paper investigates this problem and proposes a novel multi-robot task allocation (MRTA) scheme in the context of coverage control. More specifically, the proposed method employs integer linear programming (ILP) to solve the constrained robot-to-task allocation problem. The resulting algorithm allocates each robot in the heterogeneous team to one of the importance areas, subject to a number of realistic constraints such as the tasks' requirements, and the robots' capabilities and energy levels. Our approach introduces elements of fault tolerance and robustness to situational changes, since it can also be executed periodically during the coverage process, to reassign the robots in case of robot faults, changes in the tasks/areas, and other factors that alter the allocation solution. The proposed scheme also has the advantage of being separate from the coverage control algorithm, and therefore supports a modular framework. Finally, a set of realistic simulated scenarios are used to validate the task allocation scheme being proposed.
Effects of Antioxidants Supplemented Feed in Coccidiosis Treatment, Blood Antioxidative Status, and Enzymatic Activity of Domestic Cats

As coccidia become increasingly resistant to anticoccidial drugs, efforts have been made to find alternatives. In recent years, botanicals have been reported as potential alternatives to anticoccidials since they are effective against protozoa, arthropods, and helminths. In this study, different doses of dried pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the number of oocysts in domestic cats and their antioxidant properties. Under in vivo conditions, 24 six-month-old domestic cats of both genders naturally infected with Cytoisospora felis were tested. Four equal groups of infected cats were formed. Six cats made up each group. The control group (C) was on a basal diet, and one group received the chemical coccidiostat robenidine (CR), supplemented in the amount of 0.5%. Two levels of whole dried pomegranate fruit as a natural antioxidant were applied in a concentration of 0.5% (P1) and 1.0% (P2) on top of the basic diet. With the McMaster technique, oocysts number and eggs per gram of feces were determined. From each cat, 6 per group, blood samples were taken from a jugular vein at the end of the experimental period to investigate the influence of dried pomegranate fruit on blood enzymatic activity and lipid oxidation. In conclusion, supplementing cats' diets with dried pomegranate fruit reduced the number of oocysts per gram of feces significantly, but it is important to carry out further and more detailed studies to prove the anticoccidial and antioxidant properties of dried pomegranate fruit in cats' diets.