Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation de la teneur en iode et en acide cyanhydrique d'aliments consommés au Togo

Une etude des facteurs responsables des troubles dus a la carence en iode (TDCI) a ete realisee au Togo dans deux localites d'endemie goitreuse (Gobe et Moretan) et dans une zone exempte de goitre (Lome). L'objectif etait d'evaluer la teneur en iode et en acide cyanhydrique (HCN) des aliments consommes. Des echantillons de denrees alimentaires ont ete preleves et analyses. L'iode a ete determine par la mesure des iodures a l'aide d'une technique potentiometrique optimisee. Le dosage de l'HCN a ete effectue par methode colorimetrique. La teneur en iode des aliments de base (cereales tubercules) est faible (inferieure a 30 μgI/kg de matiere premiere). Certaines legumineuses, notamment les haricots, consommees a Moretan et a Lome renferment des taux d'iodures non negligeables (70 a 160 μgI - /kg de matiere fraiche). A Gobe, les memes varietes de legumineuses en sont pauvres (20 a 30 μgI - /kg). Les legumes et feuilles vertes preleves a Gobe et a Moretan ont une teneur en iode approximativement identique (30 a 100 μgI - /kg). Les concentrations en iodures de la majorite des legumes et feuilles vertes de Lome sont comprises entre 100 et 320 μgI - /kg. Les petits poissons fumes ou seches et les crevettes consommes dans les trois localites sont relativement riches en iode (600 a 1 780 μgI - /kg). Quelle que soit la localite, la concentration en HCN est particulierement elevee dans les tubercules frais (80 a 153 mg/kg) et dans les feuilles fraiches (140 a 213 mg/kg) de manioc. Les aliments derives du manioc renferment des taux faibles d'HCN (moins de 10 mg/kg) ; Aucune trace d'HCN n'a pu etre mise en evidence dans les cereales et la plupart des legumineuses. Ces resultats montrent que les facteurs cyanogenetiques joueraient un role peu important dans la genese des TDCI au Togo. Le facteur pathogene majeur de ces affections serait probablement le deficit d'apport iode.
Magnetic Holes Upstream of the Martian Bow Shock: MAVEN Observations

Magnetic holes (MHs) are pressure‐balanced structures characterized by distinct decreases in the interplanetary magnetic field strength in otherwise unperturbed solar wind. In this paper we present an analysis of MHs upstream of the Martian bow shock based on 3 months of observations by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. Plasma properties within and around these structures as well as their shape characteristics are examined. We find an occurrence rate of around 2.1 events per day. About 51% of all events are of linear type with magnetic field rotation across the hole less than 10°. We observe linear MHs both as isolated events and as part of a train of MHs. The proton temperature anisotropy inside MHs increases, while alpha particles remain mostly isotropic. The average electron temperature inside MHs modestly increases with increasing hole depth. The duration of linear holes at 1.5 AU shows an increase compared to durations at smaller heliocentric distances, but the structures remain asymmetrical and ellipsoid. A case study of MHs accompanied by a population of heavy pickup ions is also discussed.
IMPACT OF PATIENT COUNSELLING BY CLINICAL PHARMACIST IN IMPROVING KAP ( KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTISE ) OF CAREGIVERS OF PAEDIATRIC POPULATION REGARDING ANTIBIOTIC USE FOR RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections . (URTIs)are common in children. Patients’ knowledge and expectations may influence the prescription of antibiotics. Therefore, providing evidence-based information on cause of symptoms, self-management and treatment is essential. Antibiotic abuse in respiratory tract infection is an important factor contributing to development of antibiotic resistance and therefore judicious use of antibiotics in children is crucial However, providing information during consultations is challenging. Patient counselling enables to optimise the antibiotic use and minimize antibiotic resistance. Methodology: On the basis of the study , a total of 200 paediatric patients prescribed with antibiotics , who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of our study were randomly selected and their outpatient and inpatient record were monitored and recorded for a period of 6months . The data was then analyzed. Results:The knowledge of parents of paediatric population increased from mean score of 2.9 ± 1.2 SD ( before counselling ) to 6.4± 0.5 ( after counselling) in the test group and in control there was only a slight increase. Similarly the attitude and practise of patients in case had a increase after counselling and in control there was only a slight increase. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists need to investigate more time in educating mostly physicians on the potential benefit of reducing antibiotic prescription for childrens with URTI.The use of information leaflets in general practice consultations are effective in reducing antibiotic prescription by GPs, and actual antibiotic use by patients and their intention to reconsult for future similar episodes of illness.
Corporal Punishment as a Strategy for Managing Behaviour: Perspectives of Children of Inclusive Schools in Ghana

Discipline is about correcting children's behaviour and helping them make informed decisions. The manner some educators, teachers and parents often choose to discipline children is complicated. Children opinion about these disciplinary measures cannot be overemphasized. The problem is that some teachers still resort to corporal punishment in the classroom in schools in Ghana as at the time this research was being conducted. Some parents and teachers still support corporal punishment. The objective for conducting this study, was to find out how children think about the use of corporal punishment as a strategy in managing their behaviour. This is a concern for educational practitioners in Ghana and the world at large. Children in the Junior High Schools in Ghana took part in this study. In all, 636 school children in inclusive schools were involved in the study. The study revealed that, some children were of the view that excessive use of the corporal punishment causes disrespect, aggressiveness, sickness and indiscipline. On the other hand, some of the children think that corporal punishment put fear in children and makes them very timid. It again makes students hate their teachers and parents; feel angry and belittled. The study concluded that corporal punishment does not totally eliminate bad behaviour and it can lead to death of a students. Some teachers do it excessively and its application is abused. The children think that when they feel loved they are drawn closer to their parents, teachers and educators when they need help or advice. The implication to the policy is that Corporal punishment should not be encouraged in schools in Ghana.
Do fertility a awarness based methods (FAM) promote a good marrital relationship

The publication presents current research on the relationship between marital unity and the choice of one of the fertility awareness based methods (FAM) for family planning. Most data confirm that the spouses' lifestyle (inscribed in the natural cycle of female fertility and infertility) strengthens their relationship, increases creativity, promotes communication improvement, teaches them perseverance and fosters fertility care. Advances in knowledge in the field of physiology of procreation have made it possible to elaborate modern methods of natural family planning (NFP) which are similar to criteria of the ideal method. The situation after childbirth promotes the development of non-genital unity of parents. It may become an opportunity for a florescence of spiritual and intellectual life and lead to creative sexuality of a couple. Parents after labor receive support from a qualified FAM teacher or instructor. It would be worthwhile if medical staff could also recommend FAM. Key words: marital unity, NFP (natural family planning), FAM (Fertility Awareness based Methods), procreative health
Applied History, Applied Economics, and Economic History

As a new field of academic enquiry, applied history has a unique opportunity to learn lessons from other applied fields. In this essay, we set out how we think applied historians can learn from past successes and mistakes of applied economists and economic policymakers in their use, and abuse, of economic theory and economic history. What we call here the “New Applied History” has great potential to improve the way policymaking is conducted. But only if its practitioners understand the power, and limitations, of theory. We apply our ideas to the case of budgetary policymaking in the United States.
Methods for the temporal approximation of nonlinear, nonautonomous evolution equations

Differential equations are an important building block for modeling processes in physics, biology, and social sciences. Usually, their exact solution is not known explicitly though. Therefore, numerical schemes to approximate the solution are of great importance. In this thesis, we consider the temporal approximation of nonlinear, nonautonomous evolution equations on a finite time horizon. We present two independent approaches that can be used to find a temporal approximation of the solution. As the solution of a nonlinear equation typically lacks global higher-order regularity, it cannot be expected to obtain higher-order convergence rates. Thus, we only concentrate on schemes that are formally of first order. In the first part of the thesis, we consider the question of how nonsmooth temporal data can be handled. A common method for the approximation of the integral of an irregular function is a Monte Carlo type quadrature rule. We take on this idea and use a similar approach to approximate the solution to a nonautonomous evolution equation. If the data is evaluated at the points of a randomly shifted grid, we can prove the convergence of the backward Euler scheme. Moreover, we prove explicit error estimates. Here, we introduce a second set of randomized points, where the data is evaluated, and make additional assumptions on the data and the solution. Secondly, we approximate the solution via an operator splitting based scheme. We work with both an implicit-explicit splitting and a product type splitting. First, we decompose the operator into a monotone and a bounded part. The implicit-explicit splitting is used to obtain one implicit equation that contains the monotone part. The bounded part is solved in an explicit fashion. This way, we only solve as many implicit equations as necessary. Further, we use a product type splitting on the monotone part. Even though this leads to more problems, they are potentially easier to solve individually. For this splitting scheme, we follow a similar approach as in the first part of the thesis. After proving the convergence of the scheme, we provide error bounds under additional assumptions on both the data and the solution. In order to provide an interesting field of application, we show that the schemes can be applied for the temporal approximation of certain nonlinear, parabolic problems.
Microbial Evaluation and Proximate Composition of Pastries Sold Within the University of Uyo Campuses

Microbiological evaluation and proximate composition of pastries sold within the University of Uyo Campuses were determined using standard microbiological and analytical techniques. A total of 28 pastries comprising buns, chin chin, cake and doughnut were bought from different locations within the three campuses (Main campus, Town campus and Annex campus). Microbiological analysis included total aerobic plate count, coliform count and fungal count. Moisture, crude protein, fat, crude fiber, ash and carbohydrate contents were determined by methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Mean total aerobic plate count ranged from 1.5×10 to 4.7×10 cfu/g, fungal count ranged from 2.5×10 to 4.7×10 cfu/g while coliforms were not detected. Among the isolated organisms were potential foodborne pathogens and/or spoilage organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp. , Shigella sp. , Salmonella sp. , Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp. and Fusarium sp. There were high microbial population from Town and Annex campuses with buns having the highest level of microbial contamination. The percentage moisture, protein, fat, ash, fiber and carbohydrate content ranged from 6.13-16.10, 1.08-8.00, 0.40-16.00, 0.90-1.52, 0.50-2.15 and 60.00-85.98% respectively. These potential foodborne pathogens are of public health significance and require further monitoring. Original Research Article Ndubuisi-Nnaji and Ofon; JALSI, 7(3): 1-7, 2016; Article no.JALSI. 28314 2
Wealth and Consumption in Australia

We revisit the evidence on the effect of changes in household wealth on consumption using a panel of Australian states. We find that a one per cent increase in the value of housing wealth increases consumption by about 0.16 per cent in the long‐run, with half of the response occurring within two quarters. The size of this response has been stable over time and largely reflects changes in spending on motor vehicles, durable goods and other discretionary items. We then run counterfactual scenarios using the Reserve Bank of Australia's macroeconometric model, MARTIN, to assess the macroeconomic effects of changes in household wealth. We show that increases in household wealth supported household spending between 2013 and 2017, when growth in disposable income was weak.
The Influence of Military Culture and Veteran Worldviews on Mental Health Treatment

The influence of military cultural values consisting of unit cohesion (or the subordination of individual needs over the needs of the collective) the devotion to duty and to the mission, stoicism (emotional restraint) and the importance of adhering to the chain of command become guiding belief systems for military personnel. In fact, military culture has been recognized as a distinct sub-culture of American civilian society. Thus, in order to effectively reach veterans, practitioners need to explore the culturally based constructs of the warrior mentality or worldview. Mental health workers need to consider how military cultural values held by veterans interact with perceptions of trauma and affect their help seeking behaviors in general. Data shows that service personnel tend to under-report their mental health symptoms; are reluctant to seek out mental health services and if they do engage in treatment; they prematurely drop out of services. The reasons for this are complex, from the stigma associated with mental health issues, to the potential for negative work-related repercussions especially for the active duty service personnel (i.e., loss of promotion, medical discharge, or losing security clearance). However, the authors believe that the reluctance for seeking services has more to do with the veteran’s worldview, than with the other reasons noted. Even though the U.S. military is making a concerted effort to de-stigmatize mental health and is attempting to ensure confidentiality and minimize negative career consequences, the reluctance continues to affect early intervention. The phenomenon described here with regards to treatment participation and compliance parallels the findings from the literature on cultural diversity and seeking therapy. It has been well established, that when working with culturally diverse clients, more than half do not return to therapy for a second session (Sue & Sue, 1999). The authors have borrowed from Brown and Landum-Brown’s (1995) worldview dimensions to help us understand how worldviews and values (as adapted to military culture and “warrior ethos”) can impact a veteran’s attitude about seeking mental health services. Practical examples will be provided of how this model can be applied to combat veterans as a method of understanding their help seeking behaviors in order to more promote wellness in the veteran client population.
Soft body armour

Abstract A detailed and timely progress of soft body armour against stab and ballistic impact is presented in this monograph. The classification and the evolution of body armour is briefly presented, demonstrating the change of material choice with time. The energy absorption capacity of soft body armour and the mechanisms by which this energy is absorbed or dissipated are dependent upon various parameters and a detailed review is highlighted to best understand the material and structural influence. Various stab and ballistic resistance standards against which armour is currently evaluated are presented in detail. Additionally, the different techniques used to evaluate the performance of armour, from a single layer high-performance fabric to a full armour panel assembly are explained in depth, focusing on yarn pull-out, dynamic impact and ballistic test. Further, different approaches adapted to improve the impact or ballistic response of a high-performance fabric used for soft armour panels is reported exhaustively, with special attention drawn to the application of natural rubber, shear thickening fluid (STF) and surface modification of fibre. Among these, the use of STF is given greater importance, minutely exploring the mechanism of shear thickening, the factors affecting shear thickening behaviour and the methods adopted to improve the thickening or viscosity of STFs. Furthermore, emphasis is laid upon the failure mechanisms of a single high-performance fabric to low velocity impact and of an armour panel to high velocity impact, both for neat and STF treated structures. Moreover, the effectiveness or applicability of soft body armour is valid only when certain conditions are met, a list of which is concisely outlined. Finally, with new techniques and approaches being explored at research level, a futuristic and revolutionalised concept of soft body armour is anticipated- the application of nanomaterials, the use of smart textiles and the concept of biomimetics in armour design.
On the Multiple Descent of Minimum-Norm Interpolants and Restricted Lower Isometry of Kernels

We study the risk of minimum-norm interpolants of data in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces. Our upper bounds on the risk are of a multiple-descent shape for the various scalings of $d = n^{\alpha}$, $\alpha\in(0,1)$, for the input dimension $d$ and sample size $n$. Empirical evidence supports our finding that minimum-norm interpolants in RKHS can exhibit this unusual non-monotonicity in sample size; furthermore, locations of the peaks in our experiments match our theoretical predictions. Since gradient flow on appropriately initialized wide neural networks converges to a minimum-norm interpolant with respect to a certain kernel, our analysis also yields novel estimation and generalization guarantees for these over-parametrized models. At the heart of our analysis is a study of spectral properties of the random kernel matrix restricted to a filtration of eigen-spaces of the population covariance operator, and may be of independent interest.
Study of Urothelial Neoplasm in Central India With Reference To WHO/ISUP Grading

Introduction: Urothelial carcinoma is the most common bladder cancer, is often described as a polyclonal field change defect with frequent recurrence due to heightened potential for malignant transformation. Urothelial neoplasm runs the gamut from small benign neoplasm that may never recur to tumors of lower indeterminate malignant potential to lesions that invade the bladder wall and metastasize frequently. Hence histologic grading of these tumors to predict behavior has been subject of great debate as there is poor inter - observer reproducibility and no uniformity. Material and Methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, L.N. Medical College, Bhopal, India. It was both a prospective and a retrospective study of 80 patients whose urinary bladder biopsy were studied. Result: 80 cases reported out of which 20 were transitional papilloma, 52 were cases of ransitional cell carcinoma and 8 cases were of squamous cell carcinoma. The majority of tumours are present in age group of 50-80 years. Discussion: Although World Health Organization classification system is most commonly used grading system but lack of detailed histological criteria motivated WHO and ISUP to publish a consensus classification for urothelial neoplasm of urinary bladder. The majority of the cases in this study belonged to the histologic grades of papillary carcinoma of low grade which corresponds to the WHO classification of transitional cell carcinoma grade II.
Economic evaluations of clinical pharmacy services in the United States: 2011‐2017

Studies evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of clinical pharmacy services (CPS) are needed to justify implementation and reimbursement. Through a systematic review, we describe services provided by pharmacists and their economic outcomes. We conducted a literature search of published studies in PubMed, Ovid, and Embase from January 2011 through December 2017. Manuscripts evaluating a CPS with patient‐level economic outcomes and conducted in the United States were included. Study risks of bias were classified by study design characteristics. Economic evaluations were classified according to the presence of a comparator, and cost and outcome measures included. The quality of full economic evaluations was assessed using the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize CPS characteristics. After screening, 115 studies were included. Type of service provided included general pharmacotherapy (41%), disease management (30%), and targeted drug program (17%). Settings included hospital (34%), ambulatory care (28%), and community pharmacy (17%). Study designs were considered high risk of bias (use of a historical control group or no control group) in 69% of cases while 25% were medium risk of bias (non‐randomized with a concurrent control group) and 6% were low risk of bias (randomized experimental or multigroup interrupted time series). Economic evaluation types were descriptive studies that measured cost and/or outcomes of a CPS (55%), comparative studies that measured cost or outcomes of a CPS and a comparator (37%), and full evaluations that measured cost and outcomes of a CPS and a comparator (8%). Among nine full evaluations, the median (range) QHES score was 74 (59‐95) and four reported the CPS as being more effective at a lower cost. Few full economic evaluations were conducted, but supported the cost‐effectiveness of CPS. Use of a comparator group and measurement of economic inputs and outcomes would strengthen the body of evidence.
Active management of third stage of labour with low doses of oral misoprostol and oxytocin on low: risk parturient in a Sub-Saharan hospital, Dakar, Sénégal

Background: Assess the effectiveness of oral misoprostol as an alternative to oxytocin in the active management of the third stage of labour in Dakar/Senegal. Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in the maternity ward of a university hospital on 304 women who had vaginal delivery. These women were randomly assigned into 2 groups based on active delivery conditions: the first group received an oral administration of misoprostol (400 mcg) and the second group 5 IU oxytocin through intravenous route. Results: The average volume of blood loss was 196.55 ml in the misoprostol group and 208.39 ml in the oxytocin group (p=0.63). The incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (>500 cc) was 6.49% in the misoprostol group and 9.33% in the oxytocin group (p=0.358). The average rate of haemo globin decline was 0.38 g/dl in the misoprostol group and 0.29 g/dl in the oxytocin group (p=0.99). The proportion of hyperthermia, shivering, and nausea in the misoprostol and oxytocin groups were respectively: 2.59% against 0.6% (p=0.123), 7.14% against 2% (p=0.001) and 2.59% against 0.6% (p=0.498). Conclusions: In Senegal, Misoprostol despite its side effects, is an effective alternative to oxytocin in the active management of the third stage of labour for low-risk parturient women to reduce the risk of maternal deaths due to post-partum hemorrhage.