Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Binding Mode of a Platinum (II) Complex, PtCl2(DIP), and Calf Thymus DNA

The Pt(II) complex, PtCl2(DIP) (DIP = chelating dinitrogen ligand: 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis (CHN) and 1H NMR and UV-vis techniques. The binding of this complex to calf thymus DNA was investigated using various physicochemical methods such as spectrophotometric, circular dichroism, spectrofluorometric, melting temperature, and viscosimetric techniques. Upon addition of the complex, important changes were observed in the characteristic UV-Vis bands (hyperchromism) of calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA): increase in melting temperature, sharp increase in specific viscosity of DNA, and induced CD spectral changes. Also the fluorescence spectral characteristics and interaction of Pt complex with DNA have been studied. Pt bound to DNA showed a marked decrease in the fluorescence intensity. The results show that both the complex and the NR molecules can intercalate competitively into the DNA double-helix structure. The experimental results show that the mode of binding of the this complex to DNA is classical intercalation.
Identification and characterization of Drosophila Snurportin reveals a role for the import receptor Moleskin/importin-7 in snRNP biogenesis

Previous work established Importin-β and Snurportin1 as the vertebrate snRNP import receptor and adaptor proteins, respectively. This study identifies Drosophila Snurportin and shows that it uses an alternative import receptor, Importin7/Moleskin. Moleskin is required for the stability of other snRNP biogenesis factors.
Parameter Identification in a Class of Linear Structural Equation Models

Linear causal models known as structural equation models (SEMs) are widely used for data analysis in the social sciences, economics, and artificial intelligence, in which random variables are assumed to be continuous and normally distributed. This paper deals with one fundamental problem in the applications of SEMs - parameter identification. The paper uses the graphical models approach and provides a procedure for solving the identification problem in a special class of SEMs.
Superconductors of finite thickness in a perpendicular magnetic field: Strips and slabs.

The magnetic moment, flux and current penetration, and creep in type-II superconductors of nonzero thickness in a perpendicular applied magnetic field are calculated. The presented method extends previous one-dimensional theories of thin strips and disks to the more realistic case of arbitrary thickness, including as limits the perpendicular geometry (thin long strips and circular disks in a perpendicular field) and the parallel geometry (long slabs and cylinders in a parallel field). The method applies to arbitrary cross section and arbitrary current-voltage characteristics E(J) of conductors and superconductors, but a linear equilibrium magnetization curve B=${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{0}$H and isotropy are assumed. Detailed results are given for rectangular cross sections 2a\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2b and power-law electric field E(J)=${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{c}}$(J/${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{c}}$${)}^{\mathit{n}}$ versus current density J, which includes the Ohmic (n=1) and Bean (n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}) limits. In the Bean limit above some applied field value the lens-shaped flux- and current-free core disconnects from the surface, in contrast to previous estimates based on the thin strip solution. The ideal diamagnetic moment, the saturation moment, the field of full penetration, and the complete magnetization curves are given for all side ratios 0b/a\ensuremath{\infty}. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Radially Oriented ZnO Nanowires on Flexible Poly‐l‐Lactide Nanofibers for Continuous‐Flow Photocatalytic Water Purification

In this work we investigated fabrication of semiconductor nanomaterials and evaluated their potential for photo-chemical and photovoltaic applications. We investigated different II-VI semiconductor nanomaterial systems; (i) ZnO oriented nanowire arrays non-epitaxially grown from a substrate; and (ii) colloidal CdE (E=Te,Se,S) quantum structures synthesized by solution-based thermal decomposition of organo-metallic precursors. We have studied the synthesis of vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays (NWA), by a wet chemical process on various substrates. We have extended this method wherein nanofibers of poly-L-lactide act as a substrate for the radially oriented growth of ZnO nanowires. By combining the large surface area and the flexibility of the PLLA-ZnO hierarchical nanostructure we have shown the proof-of-principle demonstration of a ‘continuous-flow’ water treatment system to decompose known organic pollutants in water, as well as render common waterborne bacteria non-viable. We have studied synthesis of colloidal quantum dots (QD), and show size, morphology and composition tailored nanocrystals for CdE (E=S, Se, Te) compositions. We have studied the influence of crystal growth habits of the nanocrtsyals on the final morphology. Furthermore we have synthesized core-shell, CdSe-CdS QDs with spherical and tetrahedral morphologies by varying the reaction conditions. We show that these core-shell quantum dots show quasi-type II characteristics, and demonstrate with I-V measurements, the spatial localization of the charge carriers in these hetero-nanocrystals. For this purpose, we developed hybrid materials consisting of the core-shell quantum dots with electron acceptors (ZnO nanowires) and hole acceptors (polymeric P3HT nanofibers). In addition we have also compared the synthesis reaction when carried out with conventional heating and microwave-mediated heating. We find that the reaction is enhanced, and the yield is qualitatively better when using microwave induced heating.
The Critical Importance of Construct Measurement Specification: A Response to Aguirre-Urreta and Marakas

Aguirre-Urreta and Marakas (AM yet, the biases are greater in magnitude when unstandardized coefficients are used to parameterize the misspecified model. We believe that regardless of the extent of the bias, it is critically important for researchers to achieve correspondence between the measurement specification and the conceptual meaning of the construct so as to not alter the theoretical meaning of the construct at the operational layer of the model. Such alignment between theory and measurement will safeguard against threats to construct and statistical conclusion validity.
Dry etching of deep cavities in Pyrex for MEMS applications using standard lithography

A reactive ion etching (RIE) process of Pyrex glass with a high etch rate is presented in this work, using standard lithography processes. This process enables us to create deep cavities with vertical side walls and with relatively high accuracy in Pyrex, with minimal additional process steps. An optimization of the etch process conducted using the design-of-experiment method to increase the etch rate results in an analytical model to describe the etch rate of the Pyrex. The etch rate which was optimized in this work was about 3500 A min−1 with a verticality of about 85°. Additionally, the implementation of deep cavities in Pyrex, in order to create a notch-free deep silicon etch, is presented. This is done by engineering the working material (i.e., silicon-on-glass wafer) by using Pyrex dry etch and by adding a thin metallic layer between the silicon and the Pyrex cavities.
Quasi‐cylindrical 2.5D wave modeling for large‐scale seismic surveys

The most common form of seismic exploration remains a nearly linear survey with data acquisition lines including the source and receivers. The interpretation of amplitude and waveform information for such linear acquisition requires consideration of 3D seismic wavefields. In many scenarios the structure is approximately 2D, but still modeling is needed for point sources. In recent years 2.5D modeling methods have been developed for the simulation of 3D seismic wavefields in media varying in two dimensions. Although the computer memory requirements are only slightly larger than those for 2D computations, the computation times are too long for ready application to actual surveys. To overcome this problem, we propose a new approach for modeling 2.5D seismic wavefields using a quasi‐cylindrical representation. We show an implementation of this approach using the finite‐difference method and demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the technique with numerical examples, including a profile across a realistic model of subduction zone structure.
TREATISE OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR INTERACTIVE AUGMENTED PROTOTYPING

ABSTRACT The concept of augmented prototyping offers potential means to support the design process. Although a collection of such systems have been presented in literature, an exhaustive discussion regarding the support scenarios and related design domains is lacking. This literature survey compares a number of existing augmented prototyping systems and discusses their applications. Most systems are limited to presentation or only modeling single aspects of an artifact. This reduces the impact of augmented prototyping on the design process. Second, this article presents an analysis of enabling technologies; including physical model making, input and output techniques. None of these are ideal; many restrict the interactivity by obstructing the direct manipulation of the physical object and by considerable set-up times. From this collection, a subset is selected that requires further study, specifically supporting three industrial design engineering domains: information appliances, automotive, and furniture design.
Two cosmological models for clusters of galaxies

We investigate the properties of clusters of galaxies in two cosmological models using N-body simulations and the Press--Schecter (PS) theory. In the first model, the initial power spectrum of density fluctuations is in the form P(k) ∝ k-2 at wavelengths λ <120 h-1 Mpc. In the second model, the initial linear power spectrum of density fluctuations contains a feature (bump) at wavelengths λ∼ 30--60, h-1 Mpc, which correspond to the scale of superclusters of galaxies. We examine the mass function, peculiar velocities, the power spectrum and the correlation function of clusters in both models for different values of the density parameter Ο0 and σ8 (the rms fluctuation on the 8, h-1Mpc scale). The results are compared with observations. We find that in many aspects the power spectrum of density fluctuations in model (2) fits the observed data better than the simple power-law model (1). In the first model, the mass function and peculiar velocities of clusters are consistent with observations only if Ο0<0.6. In the second model, the permitted region in the (Ο0, σ8) plane is larger. In this model, the power spectrum of clusters is in good agreement with the observed power spectrum of the APM clusters. This model predicts that there is a bump in the correlation function of clusters at separations r ∼ 20--35, h-1 Mpc. In the future, accurate measurements of the cluster correlation function at these distances can serve as a discriminating test for this model. We examine the linear theory predictions for the peculiar velocities of peaks in the Gaussian field and compare these to the peculiar velocities of clusters in N-body simulations. We determine the clusters as the maxima of the density field smoothed on the scale R ∼ 1.5, h-1 Mpc, and define their peculiar velocities using the same smoothing scale as for the density field. The numerical results show that in this case the rms peculiar velocities of clusters increase with cluster richness. The rms peculiar velocity of small clusters is similar to the linear theory expectations, while the rms peculiar velocity of rich clusters is higher than that predicted in the linear theory (∼ 18 per cent for clusters with a mean intercluster separation d cl=30 h-1 Mpc).
Spectroscopic properties of bismuth-germanate glasses co-doped with erbium and holmium ions

In the article an analysis of thermal and spectroscopic properties of heavy metal oxide glasses from the Bi2O3-Ga2O3- Na2O-Ge2O3 system doped with rare earth elements were presented. It has been focused on the elaboration of the glass composition in terms of low phonon energy, high transparency in the range of infrared region and high thermal stability (ΔT=160 °C) required in optical fiber technology. Fabricated glasses co-doped with Er3+/Ho3+ions under 980 nm laser diode excitation exhibit emission at 1.55 μm (Er3+: 4I 13/2 → 4I15/2) and 2.0 μm (Ho3+: 4I7 → 5I8). The emission at 2.0 μm results from the Er3+ → Ho3+energy transfer. Taking into account great thermal stability and good optical properties such as high transparency (up to 80%) or high refractive index (2.23), the fabricated bismuth-germanate glass co-doped with Er3+/Ho3+ is promising material for construction of active optical fibers operating in the range of mid-infrared.
Estimation of Graphlet Statistics

Graphlets are induced subgraphs of a large network and are important for understanding and modeling complex networks. Despite their practical importance, graphlets have been severely limited to applications and domains with relatively small graphs. Most previous work has focused on exact algorithms, however, it is often too expensive to compute graphlets exactly in massive networks with billions of edges, and finding an approximate count is usually sufficient for many applications. In this work, we propose an unbiased graphlet estimation framework that is (a) fast with significant speedups compared to the state-of-the-art, (b) parallel with nearly linear-speedups, (c) accurate with <1% relative error, (d) scalable and space-efficient for massive networks with billions of edges, and (e) flexible for a variety of real-world settings, as well as estimating macro and micro-level graphlet statistics (e.g., counts) of both connected and disconnected graphlets. In addition, an adaptive approach is introduced that finds the smallest sample size required to obtain estimates within a given user-defined error bound. On 300 networks from 20 domains, we obtain <1% relative error for all graphlets. This is significantly more accurate than existing methods while using less data. Moreover, it takes a few seconds on billion edge graphs (as opposed to days/weeks). These are by far the largest graphlet computations to date.
A program to solve the Pentomino problem by the recursive use of macros

Just as a domino is a platte figure formed of two contiguous equal squares, a pentomino is a plane figure formed of five contiguous equal squares. A fixed size for the elemental squares being assumed, there are 112 different pentominos, different meaning noneongruent. These are each identified by a number front 1 to 12 (see Figure 1). Ihe pentonfino problem is the problem of fitting the 12 pentomittos without overlapping into a plane area (the box) formed of 60 elelnetttal squares. The box may be rectangular (3 X 20, 4 X 16, 5 X 12 or 6 X 10) but is not necessarily so. In the program, the box is viewed as a portion of a large arena, 16 X 32 squares; these squares arc numbered from i: 1 to 512, 1 to 16 proceeding from left to right across the ~ first row, 17 to 32 across the second, etc. Each square
A unified framework for linear function approximation of value functions in stochastic control

This paper contributes with a unified formulation that merges previous analysis on the prediction of the performance (value function) of certain sequence of actions (policy) when an agent operates a Markov decision process with large state-space. When the states are represented by features and the value function is linearly approximated, our analysis reveals a new relationship between two common cost functions used to obtain the optimal approximation. In addition, this analysis allows us to propose an efficient adaptive algorithm that provides an unbiased linear estimate. The performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by simulation, showing competitive results when compared with the state-of-the-art solutions.
Transport Function of the Renal Type IIa Na+/Pi Cotransporter Is Codetermined by Residues in Two Opposing Linker Regions

Two highly similar regions in the predicted first intracellular (ICL-1) and third extracellular loop (ECL-3) of the type IIa Na+/Pi cotransporter (NaPi-IIa) have been shown previously to contain functionally important sites by applying the substituted cysteine accessibility method (SCAM). Incubation in methanethiosulfonate (MTS) reagents of mutants that contain novel cysteines in both loops led to full inhibition of cotransport activity. To elucidate further the role these regions play in defining the transport mechanism, a double mutant (A203C-S460C) was constructed with novel cysteines in each region. The effect of cysteine modification by different MTS reagents on two electrogenic transport modes (leak and cotransport) was investigated. MTSEA (2-aminoethyl MTS hydrobromide) and MTSES (MTS ethylsulfonate) led to full inhibition of cotransport and increased the leak, whereas incubation in MTSET (2-[trimethylammonium]ethyl MTS bromide) inhibited only cotransport. The behavior of other double mutants with a cysteine retained at one site and hydrophobic or hydrophilic residues substituted at the other site, indicated that most likely only Cys-460 was modifiable, but the residue at Ala-203 was critical for conferring the leak and cotransport mode behavior. Substrate interaction with the double mutant was unaffected by MTS exposure as the apparent Pi and Na+ affinities for Pi-induced currents and respective activation functions were unchanged after cysteine modification. This suggested that the modified site did not interfere with substrate recognition/binding, but prevents translocation of the fully loaded carrier. The time-dependency of cotransport loss and leak growth during modification of the double cysteine mutant was reciprocal, which suggested that the modified site is a kinetic codeterminant of both transport modes. The behavior is consistent with a kinetic model for NaPi-IIa that predicts mutual exclusiveness of both transport modes. Together, these findings suggest that parts of the opposing linker regions are associated with the NaPi-IIa transport pathway.
Log-Polar Based Scheme for Revealing Duplicated Regions in Digital Images

Region duplication is a common type of digital image tampering. This paper presents a log-polar based approach to detect such forgery even if the copied area has been rotated and/or scaled. We compute log-polar fast Fourier transform (LPFFT) on image blocks to approximate the log-polar Fourier transform (LPFT). LPFFT is based on a nearly log-polar system where conversion to log-polar coordinates only involves 1-D Fourier transform and interpolation operations. In addition to rotation and scaling invariance, computation complexity of LPFFT is O(n2logn) , much lower than O(n4) of LPFT when n is large. Similarity of the LPFFT results between different blocks provides indication of image tampering. Experimental results show efficacy of the proposed method.
Fabrication of Coated/Uncoated Magnetic Nanoparticles to Determine Their Surface Properties

Fabrication of coated and uncoated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was achieved in the present study. The preparation and characterization of MNPs were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, streaming potential (SP), and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) techniques. Coated and uncoated nanoparticles were analyzed by dynamic light scattering method to obtain the mean size of nanoparticles. The SP was used to record the electrical surface charge of nanoparticles. The results obtained revealed that the bare nanoparticles were negative charged at higher pH (pH > 6.0) while coated nanoparticles were positive charged at lower pH (pH < 6.0). The porosity of surface of bare and coated nanoparticles was shown by MFM.
Improved Median Filter using ROAD for Removal of Impulse Noise

paper represents a new algorithm which uses a trimmed global mean filter with ROAD to remove random impulse noise. A two step algorithm is implemented in which the first step ensure detection of corrupted pixels in the degraded image and the second step replaces the degraded image with either the median of uncorrupted pixels in the selected window and if the selected window contains noisy pixels only than trimmed global mean filter is used. To avoid computational delay and to ensure a light algorithm, the selected window is fixed (3x3) in both the detection and the filtering stage. This algorithm outperforms many filters in restoring image corrupted by random value impulse noise. KeywordsROLD, Impulse Noise, Denoise
Compact MIMO antenna for mini-laptop

This article presents the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antennas with the element of a polygonal loop. The antenna element consists of a half-wavelength inverted-U loop microstrip and an L-shaped ground plane, and has a low profile of 0. 08λ0 at 2.6GHz. Due to the two coupling-currents, which are caused by radiation emission and conduction emission and are 180° out of phase, field cancellation clearly reduces mutual coupling between the closely packed antenna elements. Combining with the characteristics of wide-beam of each antenna element, theoretical and practical investigations on 2-port MIMO antenna for a mini-laptop are implemented and examined experimentally. Experimental results indicate that the proposed designs achieve more than 20 dB isolation between two parallel antenna elements with 1 mm edge-to-edge separation. This characteristic is especially promising for the compact wireless communication terminal with multiple I/O.
Cognitive Deficits in Children With Sickle Cell Disease

We tested a hypothesis that children with sickle cell disease who are completely normal by magnetic resonance imaging can still be cognitively impaired, as predicted by a model of diffuse brain injury. Fifty-four patients with hemoglobin SS (average age 10.9 years ± 2.9 years SD) were examined with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III) and were randomly matched by age, race, and gender with healthy children from the Wechsler normative database. Patients were also imaged at 1.5 Tesla with standard imaging sequences. Among 30 patients who were normal by magnetic resonance imaging, there were substantial deficits in Wechsler Full-Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, and Performance IQ (all P < .01) compared with African-American controls. The patient Wechsler Full-Scale IQ was 12.9 points lower than that of controls and decreased as a function of age (probability = .014). The findings suggest that there is diffuse brain injury in patients and that patient deficits increase with age. (J Child Neurol 2005;20:102—107).
Detection of Misbehaving Nodes in Ad Hoc Routing

: The dynamic nature is the major challenge to design and deployment of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which consist of a set of security measures to be resolved. In this paper, we compare the behavior of three routing protocols DSDV, DSR and AODV, with the consideration of the node misbehavior. This problem of node misbehavior can be detected and controlled by different techniques such as Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Cooperative Intrusion Detection, watchdog and path rater discussed in this paper which are more efficient than other general techniques.