Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Threat and Coping Appraisal in Protection Motivation for Adoption of Preventive Behavior During COVID-19 Pandemic

With more than 100 million cases and over 2 million deaths globally, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to remain a major threat. Identifying the behavioral factors influencing preventive behaviors for COVID-19 are crucial in devising public health policies to promote essential strategies to combat the pandemic in an efficient manner. The current study was therefore conducted to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 preventive behaviors and measure their association with behavioral constructs like threat perception, response efficacy, and self-efficacy, as per socio-demographic background. A region-stratified online survey focusing on the constructs of protection motivation theory, for example, threat and coping appraisal for preventive health practices against COVID-19, was carried out among adult users of social media in India. Generalized linear models with cluster-adjusted-robust standard errors were used to analyze the responses and model the preventive practices among the study population. Analysis of a total 2,646 responses revealed that proper perceptions regarding cause, symptoms, and transmission of COVID-19 were prevalent in the majority of the respondents. The majority of the participants reported frequent use of face masks (93.20%), followed by frequent washing of hands with soap and water (84.90%). The majority of the respondents affirmed that, though not frequently but sometimes, they avoid touching the face with unclean hands. Frequently covering mouth with the crook of the elbow while sneezing and coughing, and maintaining physical distance when outside was noted among 74.14 and 83.84%, respectively. The proportion of participants frequently using sanitizers to clean hands and those infrequently practicing the same were comparable. Self-efficacy for preventive practices and threat-appraisal of COVID-19 illness were identified as important determinants of the selected COVID-19 preventive behaviors, independently. The analysis confirmed that practices of the behaviors were mostly synergistic to each other. Current findings highlight that formulation of precise risk communication strategies to improve perceptions regarding threat appraisal and self-efficacy could facilitate desirable practices, which are also effective in the prevention of airborne infections and, hence, may contribute toward broader policy directions. The evidence urges the implementation of precision-driven risk communication and diffusion of these practices to attain behavioral herd immunity.
Genome-Wide Characterization of B-Box Gene Family and Its Roles in Responses to Light Quality and Cold Stress in Tomato

Perceiving incoming environmental information is critical for optimizing plant growth and development. Multiple B-box proteins (BBXs) play essential roles in light-dependent developmental processes in plants. However, whether BBXs function as a signal integrator between light and temperature in tomato plants remains elusive. In this study, 31 SlBBX genes were identified from the newly released tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genome sequences and were clustered into five subgroups. Gene structure and protein motif analyses showed relatively high conservation of closely clustered SlBBX genes within each subgroup; however, genome mapping analysis indicated the uneven distribution of the SlBBX genes on tomato chromosomes. Promoter cis-regulatory elements prediction and gene expression indicated that SlBBX genes were highly responsive to light, hormones, and stress conditions. Reverse genetic approaches revealed that disruption of SlBBX7, SlBBX9, and SlBBX20 largely suppressed the cold tolerance of tomato plants. Furthermore, the impairment of SlBBX7, SlBBX9, and SlBBX20 suppressed the photosynthetic response immediately after cold stress. Due to the impairment of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), the excess photon energy and electron flow excited by low temperature were not consumed in SlBBX7-, SlBBX9-, and SlBBX20- silenced plants, leading to the over reduction of electron carriers and damage of the photosystem. Our study emphasized the positive roles of light signaling transcription factors SlBBXs in cold tolerance in tomato plants, which may improve the current understanding of how plants integrate light and temperature signals to adapt to adverse environments.
Impact of Quantisal® Oral Fluid Collection Device on Drug Stability

The stability of drugs can affect drug tests and interpretations. A comprehensive study to verify drug stability in Quantisal® oral fluid (OF) collection device was undertaken in accordance with Australian standard, AS/NZS 4760:2019 (SAI-Global, 2019). The evaluation was performed for the following drugs: (±) amphetamine, (±) methylamphetamine, (±) 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA), (−)Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cocaine, benzoylecgonine, morphine, codeine, and oxycodone. Stability was assessed at four different storage temperatures over seven time points at ±50% cut-off concentrations (Appendix A, Para A4-4.1, AS/NZS 4760:2019) (SAI-Global, 2019). All drugs were found to be significantly more stable at 4 and –20°C, with stability spanning at least 14 days with percentage change within ±20% from the cut-off concentrations (SAI-Global, 2019). In addition, we report a variation trend with cocaine and benzoylecgonine at elevated temperatures, suggesting hydrolytic decomposition of cocaine and a concomitant increase in benzoylecgonine quantitative values. We confirm the cross-talk by showing that the percentage change in the profile of average cocaine-benzoylecgonine measurement is within the acceptance concentration range of ±20%. This finding highlights the importance of precaution during storage and careful considerations during subsequent interpretation of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) measurements.
The New Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Outbreak May Mean That Existing Commercial Vaccines Are Not Enough to Fully Protect Against the Epidemic Strains

Background: On October 30, 2020, piglets and sows in the farrowing house of a pig farm in Jiangxi showed clinical symptoms such as anorexia, watery diarrhea, and vomiting. Epidemiological test, clinical necropsy, and RT-PCR test were carried out on the pig farm for diagnosis. After comprehensive considerations, the disease was judged as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. Results: Thereafter, a series of comprehensive prevention and control measures such as emergency vaccination with autogenous vaccines were adopted. Half a month after inoculation with autogenous vaccines for the farm, the mortality rate of newborn piglets in the farrowing house began to decline, and production gradually returned to being stable. The second-generation sequencing analysis and phylogenetic analysis showed that the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) sequence obtained from the stool and small intestine samples of the diseased pigs on the farm was 97.8% homologous to the vaccine strain. At the same time, antibody testing found that the vaccinated pigs on the pig farm had satisfactory immune response. Conclusion: This case indicated that the PEDV outbreak on the pig farm might aggravate owing to the strain being mutated and could escape the immune protection of the existing vaccine. This case has accumulated technical data for the clinical prevention and control of porcine epidemic diarrhea.
Hyperprogressive Disease in Cancers Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Immunotherapy, which takes advantage of the immune system to eliminate cancer cells, has been widely studied and applied in oncology. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) prevent the immune system from being turned off before cancer cells are eliminated. They have proven to be among the most promising and effective immunotherapies, with significant survival benefits and durable responses in diverse tumor types. However, an increasing number of retrospective studies have found that some patients treated with ICIs experience unusual responses, including accelerated proliferation of tumor cells and rapid progression of the disease, with poor outcomes. Such unexpected adverse events are termed hyperprogressive disease (HPD), and their occurrence suggests that ICIs are detrimental to a subset of cancer patients. HPD is common, with an incidence ranging between 4 and 29% in several cancer types. However, the mechanisms of HPD remain poorly understood, and no clinical predictive factors of HPD have been identified. In this review, we summarize current findings, including retrospective studies and case reports, and focus on several key issues including the defining characteristics, predictive biomarkers, potential mechanisms of HPD, and strategies for avoiding HPD after ICI treatment.
E3 Ligase Ligands in Successful PROTACs: An Overview of Syntheses and Linker Attachment Points

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have received tremendous attention as a new and exciting class of therapeutic agents that promise to significantly impact drug discovery. These bifunctional molecules consist of a target binding unit, a linker, and an E3 ligase binding moiety. The chemically-induced formation of ternary complexes leads to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Among the plethora of E3 ligases, only a few have been utilized for the novel PROTAC technology. However, extensive knowledge on the preparation of E3 ligands and their utilization for PROTACs has already been acquired. This review provides an in-depth analysis of synthetic entries to functionalized ligands for the most relevant E3 ligase ligands, i.e. CRBN, VHL, IAP, and MDM2. Less commonly used E3 ligase and their ligands are also presented. We compare different preparative routes to E3 ligands with respect to feasibility and productivity. A particular focus was set on the chemistry of the linker attachment by discussing the synthetic opportunities to connect the E3 ligand at an appropriate exit vector with a linker to assemble the final PROTAC. This comprehensive review includes many facets involved in the synthesis of such complex molecules and is expected to serve as a compendium to support future synthetic attempts towards PROTACs.
Shock-Tube Determination of CN Formation Rate in a CO-N2 Mixture

The chemical process of CN formation in a CO-N 2 mixture is studied through temporally resolved intensity measurement of CN violet radiation occurring in the reflected-shock region of a shock tube. A 78% CO-22% N 2 mixture is driven by cold hydrogen to a shock speed of up to 3.45 km/s, to produce a reflected-shock temperature corresponding to Martian entry flight of up to 6.4 km/s. Absolute calibration of spectrometer is performed using a standard lamp of radiance. A reaction model is constructed by combining four existing models and multiplying the C 2 dissociation rate by a factor of five.
DNA Microarray Analysis of Rat Liver after Ingestion of Japanese and American Food

日本人の食事は世界から健康食として注目されている。 しかし，日本人の食事をニュートリゲノミクス手法を用いて遺伝子発現レベルで，欧米の食事と比較し評価した研究はない。 そこで本研究は，「日本食」と「米国食」を飼料としてラットへの給与試験を実施し，DNAマイクロアレイを用いて両食事の肝臓遺伝子発現レベルの相違を網羅的に検討した。 日本食（1999年）と米国食（1996年）の献立を作成し，調理し，凍結乾燥粉末に調製したものを試験試料とした。 ラットに3週間これを摂取させ，肝臓から総RNAを抽出し，DNAマイクロアレイ分析を行った。 その結果，日本食ラットは米国食ラットと比べてストレス応答遺伝子の発現量が少なく，糖・脂質代謝系の遺伝子発現量が多かった。 とくに，日本食では摂取脂質量が少ないにもかかわらずコレステロール異化や排泄に関する遺伝子の発現量が顕著に増加していて，肝臓へのコレステロール蓄積が抑制された。 よって日本食は米国食と比べて，代謝が活発でストレス性が低いことから，日本食の健康有益性が推察された。
UHRF2 promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Upregulating ErbB3/Ras/Raf Signaling Pathway

Emerging evidence revealed that UHRF2 was implicated in a variety of human diseases, especially in cancer. However, the biological function, clinical significance and underly mechanisms of UHRF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unknown. We analyzed the expression of UHRF2 in 371 HCC tissues and 50 para-cancerous tissues of TCGA database. We found that UHRF2 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues, which was further confirmed in HCC cells and tissues by western blot. More importantly, the level of UHRF2 was correlated with pathological grade and clinical stage, and the patients with high level of UHRF2 had lower overall survival, disease-free survival and higher recurrence rate than those with low UHRF2 level. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that high level of UHRF2 might be an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. Functional investigations suggested that ectopic expression of UHRF2 could promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cell lines, whereas knock down of UHRF2 exhibited an opposite effect. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis indicated that ERBB signaling pathway was upregulated in patients with high level of UHRF2. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the expression of UHRF2 was positively correlated with ErbB3 and its downstream targets SOS1, Ras and Raf-1. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of UHRF2 could upregulate the expression of ErbB3, SOS1, Ras and Raf-1. Our findings suggested that UHRF2 might accelerate HCC progression by upregulating ErbB3/Ras/Raf signaling pathway and it might serve as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC patients.
Anti-corrosion Behaviour of Expired Tobramycin Drug on Carbon Steel in Acidic Medium

The anti-corrosion behaviour of the expired Tobramycin (ETo) drug for carbon steel in 2 M HCl solution was investigated by thermometric methods (Thermo), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results obtained from Thermo, PDP and EIS show that the level of anti-corrosion behaviour is in direct association to the ETo application. The model of adsorption isotherm fitted Langmuir, confirming a chemical adsorption system. The SEM image of carbon steel immersed in optimum concentration of ETo has confirmed the film formation on the carbon steel surface. The PDP technique, indicated by the Tafel plots, demonstrated that the ETo inhibitor acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. The results obtained from activation energy, Ea, the quantity of heat adsorbed, Qads, and standard free energy of adsorption, ÄG°ads, show a chemical adsorption mechanism of the ETo inhibitor.
SOME CHARACTERIZATIONS OF «-DIMENSIONAL ̂ -SPACES

In this paper we obtain characterizations of an «-dimensional F-space in terms of the rings of continuous real-valued and complex-valued functions defined on the space. Motivation for these results is the work of Gillman and Henriksen on i/-spaces (F-spaces of dimension 0) and F-spaces (F-spaces of dimension 0 or 1).
Introduction Recentering the South in Studies of Migration

(cid:2) ABSTRACT: It has become increasingly mainstream to argue that redressing the Euro-centrism of migration studies requires a commitment to decentering global North knowledge. However, it is less clear whether this necessarily means “recentering the South. ” Against this backdrop, this introduction starts by highlighting diverse ways that scholars, including the contributors to this special issue, have sought to redress Euro-centrism in migration studies: (1) examining the applicability of classical concepts and frameworks in the South; (2) fi lling blind spots by studying migration in the South and South-South migration; and (3) engaging critically with the geopolitics of knowledge production. Th e remainder of the introduction examines questions on decentering and recentering, diff erent ways of conceptualizing the South, and—as a pressing concern with regard to knowledge production —the politics of citation. In so doing, the introduction critically delineates the contours of these debates, provides a frame for this volume, and sets out a number of key thematic and editorial priorities for Migration and Society moving forward.
A Morphometric Signature of Depressive Symptoms in Unmedicated Mood Disorders

Objective A growing literature indicates that unipolar and bipolar depression are associated with alterations in grey matter volume. However, it is unclear to what degree these patterns of morphometric change reflect symptom dimensions. Here, we aimed to predict depressive symptoms and hypomanic symptoms based on patterns of grey matter volume using machine learning. Method We used machine learning methods combined with voxel-based morphometry to predict depressive and self-reported hypomanic symptoms from grey matter volume in a sample of 47 individuals with un-medicated unipolar and bipolar depression. Results We were able to predict depressive severity from grey matter volume in the antero-ventral bilateral insula in both unipolar and bipolar depression. Self-reported hypomanic symptoms did not predict grey matter loss with a significant degree of accuracy. The results of this study suggest that patterns of grey matter volume alteration in the insula are associated with depressive symptom severity across unipolar and bipolar depression. Studies using other modalities, and exploring other brain regions with a larger sample are warranted to identify other systems that may be associated with depressive and hypomanic symptoms across affective disorders.
The dynamics of oil prices, COVID-19, and exchange rates in five emerging economies in the atypical first quarter of 2020

The spread of the COVID-19 and the drop in oil prices caused financial turmoil during the first quarter of 2020 This paper aims to examine the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic, oil prices, and the exchange rates to the U S dollar during that period in five emerging economies: two oil-importers and three oil-exporters The results of the autoregressive distributed lag analyses reveal a positive co-movement between the fatality rates and the exchange rates of three of those countries The study also found a negative relationship between oil prices and the exchange rates of the five countries
SEC23A Inhibit Melanoma Metastatic through Secretory PF4

39 Metastasis of melanoma to the distant organs is a multistep process 40 in which the tumor microenvironment (TME) may play an important role. 41 However, the relationship between metastatic progression and TME is 42 intricate. In the present study, using melanoma derivative cell lines OL 43 (oligometastatic) and POL (polymetastatic) that differ in their metastatic 44 colonization capability, we have elucidated a new mechanism involving 45 “SEC23A-PF4-MAPK/ERK axis” in which PF4 transported by COPII 46 hinders metastasis through inhibition of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 47 Furthermore, SPARC can act cooperatively to enhance the inhibition of 48 Pf4 on ERK phosphorylation and melanoma cell metastasis. Our findings 49 show the possibility of targeting cancer cell secretome for therapeutic 50 development. 51 52
Post-vaccination SARS-COV-2 among healthcare workers in New Jersey: a genomic epidemiological study

Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 with high transmission and immune evasion potential, the so-called Variants of Concern (VOC), is a major concern. We describe the early genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 recovered from vaccinated healthcare professionals (HCP). Our post-vaccination COVID-19 symptoms-based surveillance program among HCPs in a 17-hospital network, identified all vaccinated HCP who tested positive for COVID-19 after routine screening or after self-reporting. From 01/01/2021 to 04/30/2021, 23,687 HCP received either mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. All available post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 samples and a random collection from non-vaccinated patients during the similar timeframe were subjected to VOC screening and whole genome sequencing (WGS). 62% (23,697/37,500) of HCPs received at least one vaccine dose, with 95% (22,458) fully vaccinated. We detected 138 (0.58%, 138/23,697) COVID-19 cases, 105 among partially vaccinated and 33 (0.15%, 33/22,458) among fully vaccinated. Five partially vaccinated required hospitalization, four with supplemental oxygen. VOC screening from 16 fully vaccinated HCPs identified 6 (38%) harboring N501Y and 1 (6%) with E484K polymorphisms; concurrent non-vaccinated samples was 37% (523/1404) and 20% (284/1394), respectively. There was an upward trend from January to April for E484K/Q (3% to 26%) and N501Y (1% to 49%). WGS analysis from vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals indicated highly congruent phylogenies. We did not detect an increased frequency of any RBD/NTD polymorphism between groups (P>0.05). Our results support robust protection by vaccination, particularly among recipients of both doses. Despite VOCs accounting for over 40% of SARS-CoV-2 from fully vaccinated individuals, the genomic diversity appears to proportionally represent those among non-vaccinated populations.
Heart Rate Variability as a Prospective Predictor of Early COVID-19 Symptoms

Heart rate variability (HRV) is the fluctuation in the time interval between consecutive heartbeats, the measurement of which is a non-invasive method for assessing the autonomic status. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in physiological situations, and in various pathological processes such as in cardiovascular diseases and viral infections. This study examined the cardiac autonomic responses, as measured by HRV before, after, and during coronavirus disease. In this study, we used beat interval data extracted from the Welltory app from 14 eligible subjects (9 men and 5 women) with a mean age (SD) of 44 (8.7) years. HRV analysis was performed through an assessment of time-domain indices (SDNN and RMSSD). Group analysis did not reveal any statistical difference between HRV metrics before, during, and after COVID-19. However, HRV at the individual level showed a statistically significant individual change during COVID-19 in some users. These data further support the usefulness of using individual-level HRV tracking for the detection of early diseases inclusive of COVID-19.
Association of preoperative plasma suPAR levels with intraoperative sublingual microvascular perfusion in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery

Introduction: The plasma suPAR level has previously been associated with postoperative complications and has been shown to be an independent predictor of coronary microvascular function and flow reserve. We investigated the association between preoperative suPAR levels and intraoperative sublingual microvascular perfusion in patients undergoing elective major non-cardiac surgery. Methods: This study included 100 patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery between February 2019 and September 2020. The primary objective was to investigate the association between preoperative suPAR and intraoperative sublingual De Backer score, Consensus Proportion of Perfused Vessels (Consensus PPV), and Consensus PPV (small). Secondary objectives were to investigate the associations between these sublingual microcirculatory variables and (1) complications and (2) mean arterial pressure. EDTA blood was collected before induction of anesthesia and plasma suPAR levels were determined using the suPARnostic quick triage lateral flow assay. Sublingual microcirculation was monitored with Sidestream DarkField (SDF+) imaging technique at 20 minutes after induction of anesthesia before surgical incision (baseline) and then every 30 minutes until emergence from anesthesia. Results: A decrease of 0.7 mm-1 in the De Backer score, 2.5% in the Consensus PPV, and 2.8% in the Consensus PPV (small) from baseline measurement was observed for every 1 ng/ml increase of suPAR or 1 additional minute of intraoperative time. De Baker score did not change significantly from baseline (p=0.404), while Consensus PPV and Consensus PPV (small) decreased significantly from baseline (p<0.001 in both cases). The De Backer score, the Consensus PPV, and the Consensus PPV (small) correlated with postoperative complications. Mean arterial pressure correlated with De Backer score (p=0.487) but not with Consensus PPV (p=0.506) or Consensus PPV (small) (p=0.697) during the intraoperative period. Conclusion: Preoperative suPAR levels and prolonged operative duration were associated with intraoperative impairment of sublingual microvascular perfusion in patients undergoing elective major non-cardiac surgery.