Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Injury Prevention, Safety Education and Violence in Relation to the Risk of Tooth Fracture among Korean Adolescents

This study aimed to determine the injury prevention-, safety education-, and violence-related factors pertaining to tooth fracture experience (TFE) in Korean adolescents. We used data from the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (KYRBS) in 2018. The 60,040 participants were selected using a complex sampling design from middle and high schools. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. The explanatory variables, including school safety education and violence, were assessed in relation to prevention of traumatic injuries. Complex-samples multivariable logistic regression models were applied to explain the factors related to TFE over the past 12 months. The overall prevalence of TFE was 11.4%. Risk factors related to tooth fractures were not wearing a seatbelt on an express bus, not wearing helmets while riding motorcycles and bicycles, clinical treatment due to injuries at school, injuries associated with earphone/smartphones use, and lack of school safety education such as danger evacuation training. The top risk factor was injuries associated with earphone/smartphone usage, followed by lack of familiarity with school safety education. Thus, to prevent tooth fractures among adolescents, schools should strengthen their safety education, including education regarding mobile device usage, and wearing a seatbelt and wearing a helmet. Care should be taken to manage facilities around the school and to prevent injury related to tooth fracture. Further studies on various risk factors related to tooth fractures are warranted.
Annual pattern and clinical characteristics of herpes zoster in immunocompetent children in a rural area

This study aims to investigate the clinical signs, symptoms, complications and seasonal distribution of herpes zoster for otherwise healthy children and to demonstrate the outcome of varicella vaccinations on the herpes zoster incidence in a pediatric population. A retrospective study was conducted by using the data of the pediatric patients who were referred to two rural cities of Turkey, clinically diagnosed as Herpes Zoster (HZ). All participants were evaluated for clinical‐epidemiological factors, signs, symptoms, complications and varicella vaccination status for HZ. This study was comprised of 69 pediatric patients (29 [42%] female and 40 [58%] male) who were diagnosed with HZ. The mean age was 10.57 (6 months‐17) years old. The rash of HZ mostly appeared on the thoracic dermatome as seen in 29 patients. The findings revealed that among 56 unvaccinated patients of all, 25 (44.6%) had a painful rash, in comparison among vaccinated patients none reported pain as the characterization of shingles (P = .001). Annual distribution of cases showed two peaks (March and September), whereas in August no cases were detected. Of all participants, one patient had postherpetic neuralgia, who also had ophthalmic dermatomal involvement, and this was the only complication observed in this study cohort. In immunocompetent children, the most common involvement site was the thoracic dermatome. Our findings show that varicella vaccination has a protective role in the herpes zoster clinic, both by decreasing the prevalence and by making the infection course less severe.
The masking effect of extracellular DNA and robustness of intracellular DNA in anaerobic digester NGS studies: A discriminatory study of the total DNA pool

Most commonly, next generation sequencing‐based microbiome studies are performed on the total DNA (totDNA) pool; however, this consists of extracellular‐ (exDNA) and intracellular (iDNA) DNA fractions. By investigating the microbiomes of different anaerobic digesters over time, we found that totDNA suggested lower species richness considering all and/or only common species and yielded fewer unique reads as compared to iDNA. Additionally, exDNA‐derived sequences were more similar to those from totDNA than from iDNA and, finally, iDNA showed the best performance in tracking temporal changes in microbial communities. We postulate that abundant sequences present within the exDNA fraction mask the overall results of totDNA and provide evidence that exDNA has the potential to qualitatively bias microbiome studies at least in the anaerobic digester environment as it contains information about cells that were lysed hours or days ago. iDNA, however, was found to be more appropriate in providing reliable genetic information about potentially alive as well as rare microbes within the target habitat.
Beyond Chronological Age: Frailty and Multimorbidity Predict In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019

Abstract Background We evaluated whether frailty and multimorbidity predict in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 beyond chronological age. Method A total of 165 patients admitted from March 8th to April 17th, 2020, with COVID-19 in an acute geriatric ward in Italy were included. Predisease frailty was assessed with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Multimorbidity was defined as the co-occurrence of ≥2 diseases in the same patient. The hazard ratio (HR) of in-hospital mortality as a function of CFS score and number of chronic diseases in the whole population and in those aged 70+ years were calculated. Results Among the 165 patients, 112 were discharged, 11 were transferred to intensive care units, and 42 died. Patients who died were older (81.0 vs 65.2 years, p < .001), more frequently multimorbid (97.6 vs 52.8%; p < .001), and more likely frail (37.5 vs 4.1%; p < .001). Less than 2.0% of patients without multimorbidity and frailty, 28% of those with multimorbidity only, and 75% of those with both multimorbidity and frailty died. Each unitary increment in the CFS was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death in the whole sample (HR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.05–1.62) and in patients aged 70+ years (HR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.04–1.62), whereas the number of chronic diseases was not significantly associated with higher risk of death. The CFS addition to age and sex increased mortality prediction by 9.4% in those aged 70+ years. Conclusions Frailty identifies patients with COVID-19 at risk of in-hospital death independently of age. Multimorbidity contributes to prognosis because of the very low probability of death in its absence.
The mouse dorsal raphe nucleus as understood by temporal Fgf8 lineage analysis

Fgf8 is expressed transiently during embryogenesis at the midbrain–hindbrain border, an area that gives rise to a variety of neuronal populations including the dorsal raphe (DR) nucleus. Using an inducible Fgf8‐cre allele, we identified the populations of neurons defined by Fgf8 lineage at different stages of development. When Fgf8‐cre expression is induced at embryonic day 7.5 (T‐E7.5), in the adult the entire DR and part of the median raphe (MnR) have Fgf8 lineage. When induced at later timepoints, Fgf8 lineage progressively ebbs from the caudal and ventral aspect of this domain, particularly on the midline. Successively excluded from Fgf8‐ lineage at T‐E9.5 are serotonin neurons in the MnR and caudal‐intrafascicular DR, followed at T‐E11.5 by ventral‐middle and caudal‐dorsal DR. The last to show Fgf8 lineage are those serotonin neurons in the lateral wings and those at the rostral‐dorsal pole of DR nucleus. Thus, the temporal succession of Fgf8 lineage correlates with organizational features of serotonin neurons in these nuclei.
Motivations and fears driving participation in collaborative research infrastructure for animal tracking

Anthropogenic derived environmental change is challenging earth’s biodiversity. To implement effective management, it is imperative to understand how organisms are responding over broad spatiotemporal scales. Collection of these data is generally beyond the budget of individual researchers and the integration and sharing of ecological data and associated infrastructure is becoming more common. However, user groups differ in their expectations, standards of performance, and desired outputs from research investment, and accommodating the motivations and fears of potential users from the outset may lead to higher levels of participation. Here we report upon a study of the Australian ornithology community, which was instigated to better understand perceptions around participation in nationally coordinated research infrastructure for detecting and tracking the movement of birds. The community was surveyed through a questionnaire and individuals were asked to score their motivations and fears around participation. Principal Components Analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and identify groups of questions where respondents behaved similarly. Linear regressions and model selection were then applied to the principal components to determine how career stage, employment role, and years of biotelemetry experience affected the respondent’s motivations and fears for participation. The analysis showed that across all sectors (academic, government, NGO) there was strong motivation to participate and belief that national shared biotelemetry infrastructure would facilitate bird management and conservation. However, results did show that a cross-sector cohort of the Australian ornithology community were keen and ready to progress collaborative infrastructure for tracking birds, and measures including data-sharing agreements could increase participation. It also informed that securing initial funding would be a significant challenge, and a better option to proceed may be for independent groups to coordinate through existing database infrastructure to form the foundation from which a national network could grow.
Comorbid irritable bowel syndrome symptoms and headache have greater association with anxiety than depression

Abstract High rates of co-existing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and headache have been reported in western countries. We investigated that comorbidity in individuals in Japan, along with anxiety and depression in subjects with and without IBS symptoms and/or headache. This cross-sectional study was performed from April 2012 to January 2013 at the Matsue Seikyo General Hospital Health Check Center. Questionnaires concerning symptoms related to IBS (Rome III) and headache, as well as anxiety/depression score were sent to individuals scheduled to undergo an annual health check-up, then returned during the visit and analyzed in a blinded manner. A total of 2885 individuals returned completed questionnaires and were enrolled, of whom 218 (7.6%) met the IBS criteria. The rates of co-existing headache in subjects with and without IBS symptoms were 44.0% (96/218) and 22.9% (611/2667), respectively, indicating a significantly higher rate of co-existing headache in subjects with as compared to without IBS (odds ratio [OR] 2.65, P < .001). Furthermore, the percentage of subjects with anxiety along with comorbid IBS symptoms and headache was significantly greater as compared to those with IBS (OR 3.01, P = .001) or headache (OR 2.41, P < .001) alone. Unlike anxiety, the percentage of subjects with depression was not significantly different among the IBS/non-headache, non-IBS/headache, and IBS/headache groups. Subjects with IBS symptoms had a higher rate of co-existing headache as compared to those without IBS. Furthermore, those with comorbid IBS symptoms and headache had a greater association with anxiety than with depression, as compared to those with only IBS or headache.
Effect of home-based high-intensity interval training using telerehabilitation among coronary heart disease patients

Abstract Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the world's most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the population, including Central Europe. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective preventive approach that includes several core components. Physical training is identified as an integral and essential part of CR. Training can positively influence several cardiovascular risk factors in people diagnosed with coronary heart disease and prevent them from clinical events. Our study aims to research the method of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in a home environment using telerehabilitation. We assume that the HIIT form of telerehabilitation, using a heart rate monitor as a tool for backing up training data, can improve cardiorespiratory fitness and lead to higher peak oxygen uptake than the traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Methods: This study is designed as a monocentral randomized controlled trial at University Hospital Brno in the Czech Republic. After the coronary heart event, the suitable patients will be randomized (1:1 ratio) and separated into 2 groups: the experimental HIIT group and the control MICT group. Both groups undergo a 12-week telerehabilitation with a 1-year follow-up period. Study participants will be telemonitored during physical training in their home environment via a heart rate monitor and a web platform. Once a week, the patients will give their feedback and motivation by a telephone call. The primary outcome observed will be the effect of intervention expressed by changes in cardiorespiratory fitness. Secondary outcomes will be the health-related quality of life, anxiety, training adherence, body composition, safety, and satisfaction. Discussion: The HIIT is widely researched predominantly in a center-based supervised form. Our study differs from others by the use of telemedicine and smart technologies in home-based settings. Previous home-based cardiac telerehabilitation studies have focused primarily on MICT, which has demonstrated feasibility, and results have shown similar improvements as center-based CR. There is a presumption that HIIT may be superior to MICT. However, it can be complicated to self-dose the method in the home environment. Investigators expect that HIIT research will provide insight into the possibilities of telemedicine feasibility, effect, and limitations of coronary heart disease patients’ use at low to moderate cardiovascular risk.
Isolation of Antimicrobial Genes from Oryza rufipogon Griff by Using a Bacillus subtilis Expression System with Potential Antimicrobial Activities

Antimicrobial genes are distributed in all forms of life and provide a primary defensive shield due to their unique broad-spectrum resistance activities. To better isolate these genes, we used the Bacillus subtilis expression system as the host cells to build Oryza rufipogon Griff cDNA libraries and screen potential candidate genes from the library at higher flux using built-in indicator bacteria. We observed that the antimicrobial peptides OrR214 and OrR935 have strong antimicrobial activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as several fungal pathogens. Owing to their high thermal and enzymatic stabilities, these two peptides can also be used as field biocontrol agents. Furthermore, we also found that the peptide OrR214 (MIC 7.7–10.7 μM) can strongly inhibit bacterial growth compared to polymyxin B (MIC 5–25 μM) and OrR935 (MIC 33–44 μM). The cell flow analysis, reactive oxygen burst, and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission electron microscopy) observations showed that the cell membranes were targeted by peptides OrR214 and OrR935, which revealed the mode of action of bacteriostasis. Moreover, the hemolytic activity, toxicity, and salt sensitivity experiments demonstrated that these two peptides might have the potential to be used for clinical applications. Overall, OrR214 and OrR935 antimicrobial peptides have a high-throughput bacteriostatic activity that acts as a new form of antimicrobial agent and can be used as a raw material in the field of drug development.
Analysis of 262 Children with Scrub Typhus Infection: A Single-Center Experience.

Scrub typhus, a vector-borne rickettsiosis, is the leading treatable cause of non-malarial febrile illness in Asia. The myriad of typical and atypical features poses a clinical conundrum. We aimed to study the clinical and laboratory profile of children with scrub typhus infection diagnosed by IgM ELISA. Data of children < 12 years presenting with undifferentiated fever to the pediatric services of a tertiary teaching institute between January 2012 and December 2018 were retrieved. Children with seropositive IgM ELISA (InBios International Kit) for scrub typhus were enrolled in the study. Clinical features, laboratory investigations, treatment received, and the outcome recorded were obtained. Objective evidence of organ dysfunction was taken as severe scrub typhus. In total, 262 children were diagnosed with scrub typhus. The mean age was 5 years, with male preponderance (65%). And, 13 children presented during infancy. Fever was universal, and generalized lymphadenopathy (93.5%) and hepatomegaly (70%) were the common clinical signs. Eschar was identified in 31%, with greater predilection for groin and axilla. Thrombocytopenia was striking in one-third of children. Also, 25 children (9.5%) had severe scrub typhus and 18 required intensive care stay. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase enzyme levels was a predictor of severity ([OR 3.9], P value 0.005) by multivariate analysis. Lymphadenopathy was found significantly associated with eschar (P < 0.005). No mortality was recorded. This 6-year study underscores the varied spectrum of pediatric scrub typhus infection. Zero mortality in our cohort signifies the excellent outcome with judicious first-line antibiotics.
Computational methods for prediction of protein-ligand interactions

This thesis contains three main sections. In the first section, we examine methodologies to discriminate Type II protein kinase inhibitors from the Type I inhibitors. We have studied the structure of 55 Type II kinase inhibitors and have notice specific descriptive geometric features. Using this information we have developed a pharmacophore and a shape based screening approach. We have found that these methods did not effectively discriminate between the two inhibitor types used independently, but when combined in a consecutive way ? pharmacophore search first, then shape based screening, we have found a method that successfully filtered out all Type I molecules. The effect of protonation states and using different conformer generators were studied as well. This method was then tested on a freely available database of decoy molecules and again shown to be discriminative. In the second section of the thesis, we implement and assess swarm-based docking methods. We implement a repulsive particle swarm optimization (RPSO) based conformational search approach into Autodock 3.05. The performance of this approach with different parameters was then tested on a set of 51 protein ligand complexes. The effect of using different factoring for the cognitive, social and repulsive terms and the importance of the inertia weight were explored. We found that the RPSO method gives similar performance to the particle swarm optimization method. Compared to the genetic algorithm approach used in Autodock 3.05, our RPSO method gives better results in terms of finding lower energy conformations. In the final, third section we have implemented a Monte Carlo (MC) based conformer searching approach into Gaussian03. This enables high level quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) potentials to be used in docking molecules in a protein active site. This program was tested on two Zn2+ ion-containing complexes, carbonic anhydrase II and cytidine deaminase. The effects of different QM region definitions were explored in both systems. A consecutive and a parallel docking approach were used to study the volume of the active site explored by the MC search algorithm. In case of the carbonic anhydrase II complex, we have used 1,2-difluorobenzene as a ligand to explore the favourable interactions within the binding site. With the cytidine deaminase complex, we have evaluated the ability of the approach to discriminate the native pose from other higher energy conformations during the exploration of the active site of the protein. We find from our initial calculations, that our program is able to perform a conformational search in both cases, and the effect of QM region definition is noticeable, especially in the description of the hydrophobic interactions within the carbonic anhydrase II system. Our approach is also able to find poses of the cytidine deaminase ligand within 1 � of the native pose.
Severe Maternal Morbidity, Race, and Rurality: Trends Using the National Inpatient Sample, 2012-2017.

Background: Severe maternal morbidity is related to maternal mortality and an important measure of maternal health outcomes. Our objective was to evaluate differences in rates of severe maternal morbidity and mortality (SMM&M) by rurality and race, and examine these trends over time. Materials and Methods: It involves the retrospective cohort study of delivery hospitalizations from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017 from the National Inpatient Sample. We identified delivery hospitalizations using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis and procedure codes and diagnosis-related groups. We used hierarchical regression models controlling for insurance status, income, age, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics to model odds of SMM&M. Results: The eligible cohort contained 4,494,089 delivery hospitalizations. Compared with women from small cities, women in the most urban and most rural areas had higher odds of SMM&M (urban adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [1.04-1.14]; noncore rural aOR 1.24 [1.18-1.31]). Among White women, the highest odds of SMM&M were in noncore rural counties (aOR 1.20 [1.12-1.27]), while among Black women the highest odds were in urban (aOR 1.21 [1.11-1.31]) and micropolitan areas (aOR 1.36 [1.19-1.57]). Findings were similar for Hispanic, Native American, and other race women. Rates of SMM&M increased from 2012 to 2017, especially among urban patients. Conclusions: Women in the most urban and most rural counties experienced higher odds of SMM&M, and these relationships differed by race. These findings suggest particular areas for clinical leaders and policymakers to target to reduce geographic and racial disparities in maternal outcomes.
Identification of Anthocyanins-Related Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Genes in the Genome of Cultivated Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

Anthocyanins are responsible for the red color of strawberry, they are a subclass of flavonoids synthesized in cytosol and transferred to vacuole to form the visible color. Previous studies in model and ornamental plants indicated members of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family were involved in vacuolar accumulation of anthocyanins. In the present study, a total of 130 FaGST genes were identified in the genome of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), which were unevenly distributed across the 28 chromosomes from the four subgenomes. Evolutionary analysis revealed the expansion of FaGST family was under stable selection and mainly drove by WGD/segmental duplication event. Classification and phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the FaGST genes were clarified into seven subclasses, among which FaGST1, FaGST37, and FaGST97 belonging to Phi class were closely related to FvRAP, an anthocyanin-related GST of wildwood strawberry, and this clade was clustered with other known anthocyanin-related GSTs. RNAseq-based expression analysis at different developmental stages of strawberry revealed that the expression of FaGST1, FaGST37, FaGST39, FaGST73, and FaGST97 was gradually increased during the fruit ripening, consistent with the anthocyanins accumulation. These expression patterns of those five FaGST genes were also significantly correlated with those of other anthocyanin biosynthetic genes such as FaCHI, FaCHS, and FaANS, as well as anthocyanin regulatory gene FaMYB10. These results indicated FaGST1, FaGST37, FaGST39, FaGST73, and FaGST97 may function in vacuolar anthocyanin accumulation in cultivated strawberry.