Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
More on Why Birds and Mammals Have Big Brains

Deal, G. H. 1954. The genetics of Paramecium aurelia. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. 179 p. Jerison, H. J. 1969. Brain evolution and dinosaur brains. Amer. Natur. 103:575-588. Koehn, R. K. 1969. Esterase heterogeneity: dynamics of a polymorphism. Science 163: 943-944. Poulson, T. L. , and W. B. White. 1969. The cave environment. Science 165:971-981. Slobodkin, L. B. 1968. Toward a predictive theory of evolution, p. 187-205. In R. C. Lewontin [ed.], Population biology and evolution. Syracuse Univ. Press, Syracuse, N.Y.
P657Pathological stimuli-induced remodeling of rat heart mitochondrial membranes: positive role in processes of myocardial adaptation

Purpose: Mitochondria (MIT) from hearts of rats with acute streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes (DIA) and hearts subjected to remote preconditioning induced by limb ischemia (R-PC) exhibited functional remodeling of membranes followed by a cascade of changes reflecting a dynamic equilibrium between the pathological processes and the processes of endogenous protection (EP). Aim of the study was to investigate the effects of R-PC and PC - induced acute diabetes mellitus (DM), on the biophysical and biochemical properties of cardiac MIT. Methods: Male Wistar rats (220±20g) were used in the experiment. DIA was induced by a single dose of STZ, (65 mg/kg, i.p.). R-PC was induced by 3 series of 5 min. ischemia and 5 min. reperfusion. Hearts were rapidly excised, perfused in the Langendorff mode and exposed to 30 min. global ischemia and 40 min reperfusion. MIT were isolated by means of differential centrifugation combined with protease treatment. Mg2+-dependent and 2, 4-dinitrophenol - stimulated ATPase activity was determined by estimation of Pi liberated from ATP splitting. Membrane fluidity (MF) of isolated MIT was assessed by measuring fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Content of oxidized isoforms of the coenzyme Q (CoQ9-ox and CoQ10-ox) in the MIT was assessed by means of HPLC and the content of conjugate dienes (CD) was determined spectrophotometrically at 230 nm. Results: MIT from acute (8 days) DIA hearts exhibited significantly (p<0.05) elevated MF and Mg2+-ATPase activities. An increase in MF was also observed in R-PC and it remained present even after ischemia and post-ischemic reperfusion. Free radicals created in heart MIT in the time course of development of the DIA left the MIT membrane without inducing any considerable increase in the amount of CD or decrease in fluidity of the lipid bilayer. On the other hand, the increase in oxidized formes of the CoQ9-ox and CoQ10-ox in the MIT membrane occurred in sense of the old paradigm that radicals-induced oxidative changes in components of the respiratory chain are at least co-responsible for its malfunction in diabetes. Conclusions: Our findings confirmed that the changes in properties and function of MIT membranes associated with DIA- and R-PC-induced remodeling are intimately involved in increased ischemia-tolerance of the myocardium. Grants: VEGA 2/0101/12, APVV 0102-11, KEGA 003 UK-4/2012.
Developing EFL Students’ Writing Skill Through Self-Assessment Integrated With E-Portfolio

ABSTRACT Writing is one of the language skills that should be mastered by students of English as a foreign language (EFL). In order to write well, EFL students should understand the content of their writing. They should also be able to discover some writing errors they may have. Therefore, it is necessary for the students to practice writing frequently and to be willing to review their writing products. This study aimed to develop EFL students’ writing skill through self-assessment integrated with e-portfolio. It used action research design and it was conducted in a classroom consisting of 25 ten graders of Islamic Senior High School ( M adrasah A liyah N egeri) at Sumenep, East Java. The findings showed that the students’ writing skill could be improved after the implementation of self-assessment integrated with e-portfolio. It is suggested that EFL teachers consider using self-assessment integrated with students’ e-portfolio to help improve EFL students’ writing skill . ABSTRAK Menulis merupakan kemampuan berbahasa yang harus dimiliki oleh pelajar bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing (EFL). Dalam mengembangkan kemampuan menulis, pelajar dituntut untuk mengerti isi tulisan mereka dan mampu menemukan kesalahan-kesalahan yang mungkin terdapat dalam tulisan mereka. Maka dari itu, pelajar dipandang perlu untuk sesering mungkin melatih kemampuan menulis, mengulas kembali dan merevisi karya mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan menulis siswa menggunakan self-assessment melalui elektronik portofolio. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan subjek 25 siswa kelas X MAN Sumenep, Jawa Timur. Penemuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menulis siswa membaik setelah penerapan self-assessment melalui elektorinik portofolio. Dengan demikian, guru bahasa Inggris disarankan untuk mempertimbangkan penerapan sefl-assessment melalui elektronik portfolio siswa untuk mengembangkan kemampuan menulis siswa . How to Cite : How to Cite : Taufik,M. , Cahyono, B. Y. (2019). Developing EFL Students’ Writing Skill Through Self-Assessment Integrated With E-Portfolio. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 6 (2), 171-186. doi:10.15408/ijee.v6i2. 12019
Optimizing Sets of Solutions for Controlling Constrained Nonlinear Systems

In this article, we present a novel control approach for formally solving reach-avoid problems for constrained and disturbed nonlinear systems by optimizing over reachable sets. Reach-avoid problems arise in many modern control applications of safety-critical systems, such as autonomous driving and human-robot collaboration. They require us to control all states from a set of initial states in finite time into a final set while guaranteeing the satisfaction of state and input constraints despite the presence of disturbances and uncertain measurements. We optimize over reachable sets, thereby, simultaneously improving the control performance and guaranteeing constraint satisfaction for all solutions. Moreover, our new approach involves a novel combination of state-dependent feedforward and feedback control, which leads to better control performance compared to the existing approaches as demonstrated in several numerical examples. Our algorithm is particularly suited for computing motion primitives used in maneuver automata, which realizes fast and efficient online planning. The online applicability is supported by the simple structure of the resulting controller, which is a time-varying linear tracking controller.
The Chenopodium aphid, Hayhurstia atriplicis (L.) (Horn., Aphididae), a parasitoid reservoir and a source of biocontrol agents in pest management

H. atriplicis, an economically indifferent holocyclic monoecious aphid, is commonly parasitized by two parasitoids (Diaeretiella rapae M'Int., Ephedrus nacheri Quilis) in Czechoslovakia. Aphidparasitoid association is perennial and Chenopodium groves commonly occurring both in farmland and urban environments represent reservoirs of useful parasitoids. Of them, D. rapae has a number of aphid pests in its host range. Apart from this, both parasitoid species were laboratory and field tested on the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Mordv.) and the greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rond.), although these species are exotic and do not naturally occur in Czechoslovakia owing to climatic conditions. Populations of both parasitoid species were shipped to the U.S. insectary facilities within the RWA control projects. Searching for parasitoid populations (from other hosts) and introducing them outside the area where both the target host and the parasitoid naturally co‐exist, is discussed with respect to other approaches and opinions.
Plasmaspiegel, Clearance sowie renale Ausscheidung von endogenen und ruminalen Purinen beim Rind*

Zusammenfassung Bei 5 Ochsen mit Pansenkanulen wurde nach Futterung von Maisganzpflanzen-Silage + Sojaschrot der Vormagen entleert, um die renale Ausscheidung der Purinmetaboliten Allantoin und Harnsaure aus endogener Synthese zu bestimmen. Die Sammelperiode wurde anhand der Plasmakonzentrationen der Purine auf 10–34 h nach Entleerung festgelegt. Die Ausscheidung beider Purine im 24 h-Harn erniedrigte sich von rund 155 auf 69 mmol/d. Zwischen Plasmakonzentration und renaler Ausscheidung bestanden fur Allantoin sowie Harsaure enge Beziehungen (r = 0,96 bzw. r = 0,87). Bei der Ausscheidung von endogenen Purinen wurden 113 μmol/kg LM. d. ermittelt. Der ruminale (exogene) Anteil belief sich auf rund 139 μmol/kg. d oder 1,17 mmol/MJ UE bzw. 18,5 mmol/kg VOS.
Karyological studies on the four Ornithogalum L. (Asparagaceae) taxa from Eskişehir (Central Anatolia, Turkey)

In the current study, karyotypes of four taxa in the genus of Ornithogalum L. were examined. These taxa grow naturally in Eskişehir (Central Anatolia). Studies were carried out on somatic chromosomes, using the root tips squash technique and based on staining with acetic orcein stain, for the most actively dividing meristematic cells of the collected root tips. Their counts were based on chromosomes observed during mitotic division. For species included in the Ornithogalum L. (Asparagaceae) genus, O. montanum Cirillo has 2n = 14 with basic chromosome number x = 7; O. comosum L. has 2n = 20, basic chromosome number x = 10, O. pyrenaicum L. has 2n = 24, basic chromosome number x = 12; and O. sigmoideum Freyn & Sint. has 2n = 14, basic chromosome number x = 7; it was found that they have diploid chromosomes. O. montanum and O. sigmoideum chromosome numbers are 2n = 14 (diploid races), but their basic karyotypes are different, including chromosome size, and position of centromere. Mean chromosomal length of the all taxa subject to the study is 1.20–7.63 μm. Chromosomal morphologies of all taxa include median, submedian and subtelocentric chromosome pairs. In addition to, karyograms and idiograms of all studied taxa were done.
Measuring memorable dining experiences and related emotions in fine dining restaurants

ABSTRACT Having a memorable dining experience (MDE) is an important factor in future dining decisions. However, few MDE evaluation scales are available and the research on how MDEs elicit emotions is scant. By using the critical incident technique and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, this study developed a measurement scale for customer MDE sources at fine dining restaurants from the perspective of restaurant attributes and further explored related positive emotional relationships. Consequently, a 4-factor 17-item MDE scale with good fit, reliability, and validity was constructed. According to this scale, factors leading to MDEs included excellent service behavior, exquisite and delicious cuisine, amazing physical environment and unique atmosphere, and high perceived value. Furthermore, customer MDE sources demonstrated a significant influence on the emotional factors of comfort, stimulation, and being cared for. Taken together, these findings advance the current MDE knowledge and provide implications and suggestions for future research.
Diversity of root-associated bacteria associated with field-grown canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Little is known about the composition and diversity of the bacterial community associated with plant roots. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity of bacteria associated with the roots of canola plants grown at three field locations in Saskatchewan, Canada. Over 300 rhizoplane and 220 endophytic bacteria were randomly selected from agar-solidified trypticase soy broth, and identified using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles. Based on FAME profiles, 18 bacterial genera were identified with a similarity index >0.3, but 73% of the identified isolates belonged to four genera: Bacillus (29%), Flavobacterium (12%), Micrococcus (20%) and Rathayibacter (12%). The endophytic community had a lower Shannon-Weaver diversity index (1.35) compared to the rhizoplane (2.15), and a higher proportion of Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus and Rathayibacter genera compared to rhizoplane populations. Genera identified in the endophytic isolates were also found in the rhizoplane isolates. Furthermore, principal component analysis indicated three clusters of bacteria regardless of their site of origin, i.e., rhizoplane or endophytic. In addition, the rhizoplane communities of canola and wheat grown at the same site differed significantly. These results indicate that diverse groups of bacteria are associated with field-grown plants and that endophytes are a subset of the rhizoplane community.
Reduction of Odorous Compounds in Fresh Pig Slurry by Dietary Control of Crude Protein

Two diets containing reduced levels of crude protein for both growing (35-65 kg) and finishing (65-95 kg) pigs were tested against standard commercial diets to determine changes in the odorants produced in fresh slurry. The experimental diets were formulated on a least cost basis using either a full commercial database or with restriction mainly to home-grown (UK) cereals and pulses. Synthetic essential amino acids were included in both formulations to obtain essential amino acids in an ideal protein ratio, with the crude protein being as low as possible. Nitrogen excretion by both growing and finishing pigs offered the low crude protein diets was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than that of pigs offered the commercial diets. Major odorants responsible for pig odour from slurries were identified and their concentrations determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Five out of 10 odorants from slurries produced by growing pigs were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in concentration for each of the low crude protein diets compared with the commercial diet. For the finishing pigs, nine out of ten odorants from slurries for the least cost and four odorants for the home grown diets were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than slurry produced from the commercial diet. Reducing dietary nitrogen and providing essential amino acids in an ideal protein ratio not only decreases the nitrogen excreted by the pig, but also reduces odorants produced in the resultant slurries.
The Response Regulator FimR Is Essential for Fimbrial Production of the Oral Anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis

Abstract Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative oral anaerobe considered to be a major pathogen in adult periodontitis. One of the noted virulence factors of this bacterium is its unique fimbriae, which are composed of FimA (fimbrilin) as a major subunit. We have recently identified and isolated two essential genes, fimS and fimR , for fimbriation of P. gingivalis from transposon-mutagenesis studies. The genes encode two components of a His–Asp phosphorelay system, FimS as a sensor histidine kinase and FimR as a response regulator. Disruption of either gene causes fimbrial deficiency in this organism. In this study, the expression of FimR protein was detected in various P. gingivalis strains. In addition, a fragment containing fimR with a possible promoter was introduced into the fimR -disruption mutant, using a shuttle vector, pT-COW. The transconjugant recovered both FimR and FimA expression at levels comparable to the parent P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. Furthermore, characteristic fimbrial structures were clearly observed around the cell surface of both parent and transconjugant cells under electron microscopy. This is the first successful complementation experiment in P. gingivalis. These results show that the FimR protein is essential as a positive regulator in fimbriation of P. gingivalis .
Multifunctional Flexible Biointerfaces for Simultaneous Colocalized Optophysiology and Electrophysiology

Recent developments in optophysiology techniques such as optogenetics have revolutionized the ability to actuate cell activity. Further combining optophysiology and electrophysiology will integrate the advantages from both optical and electrical modalities and yield enabling technologies that allow simultaneous monitoring of cellular activity in response to modulation, which are crucial for biomedical applications. However, multifunctional devices that can deliver optical stimuli to regions beneath the electrodes and perform simultaneous sensing remain largely unexplored. Existing transparent microelectrode technologies depend on external bulk optical instruments for optical interventions. Here, innovative monolithic integrated multifunctional microsystems are demonstrated by applying transparent nanogrid electrodes onto microscale light sources to permit simultaneous electrophysiology and optical modulation at the same anatomical site. The nanogrid electrodes have transmittances > 70% with a low normalized impedance of 5.9 Ω cm2. Additional features of the devices include superior mechanical flexibility, minimized light‐induced electrical artifacts, and excellent biocompatibility. Ex vivo experiments demonstrate that the multifunctional devices can record abnormal heart rhythm in transgenic mouse hearts and simultaneously restore the sinus rhythm via optogenetic pacing. This work provides a versatile approach for constructing multifunctional colocalized biointerfaces containing crosstalk‐free optical and electrical modalities with expanded opportunities in both fundamental and applied biomedical research.
Levers for Learning: Relationships between School-Level Factors and Literacy Outcomes in Low-Income Schools in Colombia

This study examines the relationships between school processes and literacy in public schools that serve low-income families in a midsize city in Colombia. We focus on four categories of school processes: instructional practice; school-community engagement; well-being of students, teachers, and parents; and community belonging. We present two key results. First, we find considerable variation in literacy performance across schools, despite serving students with similar family background characteristics. Second, we find community belonging to be the most salient school process for predicting literacy. Among measures of community belonging, higher levels of students’ sense of belonging and lower levels of bullying were associated with higher literacy. This study contributes to the field of international and comparative education by highlighting the importance of relational and interpersonal dimensions of school processes for children’s learning. Our study also demonstrates the value of adopting an interdisciplinary lens that combines economics, child development, and sociology to better understand the links between school processes and student learning.
Tracer-based investigation of organic aerosols in marine atmospheres from marginal seas of China to the northwest Pacific Ocean

Abstract. We investigated the geographic distributions of organic tracers in total suspended particles over the marginal seas of China, including the Yellow and Bohai seas (YBS) and the South China Sea (SCS), and the northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) in spring, when Asian outflows strongly affect downwind marine atmospheres. The comparison of levoglucosan observed in this study with values from the literature showed that the concentrations of biomass burning aerosols over the NWPO increased largely in 2014. However more observations, in addition to our snapshot measurement, are need to confirm whether the large increase has occurred continuously over the last few decades. The increase led to a mean observed levoglucosan value (8.2±14 ng m−3) over the NWPO that was close to that over the SCS (9.6±8.6 ng m−3) and almost half of that over the YBS (21±11 ng m−3). Small geographic differences in monoterpene-derived and sesquiterpene-derived secondary organic tracer concentrations were obtained among the three atmospheres, although the causes may differ. By contrast, a large difference in isoprene-derived secondary organic tracer concentrations was observed among the three atmospheres, with the sum of tracer concentrations over the SCS (45±54 ng m−3) being several times and approximately 1 order of magnitude greater than that over the YBS (15±16 ng m−3) and the NWPO (2.3±1.6 ng m−3), respectively. The geographic distribution of aromatic-derived secondary organic tracers was similar to that of isoprene-derived secondary organic tracers, with a slightly narrower difference: 1.8±1.7, 1.1±1.4 and 0.3±0.5 ng m−3 over the SCS, the YBS and the NWPO, respectively. We discuss the causes of the distinctive geographic distributions of these tracers and present the tracer-based estimation of organic carbon.
Multiscale interaction of inertial particles with turbulent motions in open channel flow

Direct numerical simulations two-way coupled with inertial particles are used to investigate the particle distribution and two-way coupling mechanisms in turbulent open channel flow. In particular, the relationship between lowand high-inertia particles and the distinct large-scale motions (LSMs) and very-large-scale motions (VLSMs) which are characteristic of high-Reynolds-number, wall-bounded turbulence are examined. To do this, two methods of spatial filtering are applied to isolate the effects of LSMs versus VLSMs and separately analyze their interactions with inertial particles. One method of filtering the VLSMs from the flow is via artificial domain truncation, which alters the mean particle concentration profile and particle clustering due to the absence of VLSMs. The second method uses on-the-fly lowand high-pass filtering on the velocity field seen by the particles, so that as the simulation progresses the particles can only couple with certain scales of the flow. The results show that turbophoretic drift of particles toward the wall and the resulting increase in near-wall concentration is underpredicted without VLSMs, whereas the small-scale clustering and two-way coupling effects are mainly determined by particle coupling with LSMs. In the inner layer, the elongated streamwise anisotropic particle clustering can be reproduced by coupling solely with LSMs for low Stokes number. However, we do not observe a similar particle clustering behavior in the outer layer as seen in the full simulation by coupling particles with either LSMs or VLSMs at high Stokes numbers. This indicates that the organized particle structures are formed by the joint action of LSMs and VLSMs, especially for high-Stokes-number particles in the outer layer. The implications of these scale interactions are discussed in the context of large eddy simulation (LES) of oneand two-way coupled flows.
A hierarchical model for salmon run reconstruction and application to the Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fishery

The goal of spreading the annual catch of a Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) run proportionally across all segments of the migration is rendered difficult or impossible because of the interannual variability in both run size and run timing. This problem is particularly acute in the case of the fishery for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Bristol Bay, Alaska, for which traditional run reconstruction models are not applicable because of the extreme temporal compression of the run. We develop a run reconstruction model appropriate for sockeye salmon in Bristol Bay by accounting for the hierarchical structure of the problem and by including process error. Our results indicate that the hierarchical structure is, in fact, not necessary, whereas the process error parameters are needed to fit the data. We suggest further model development without the hierarchical structure, including incorporating in-river test fishing data. The results of our method can be used to address questions regarding environmenta.