Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Astrometric Calibration Regions along the Celestial Equator

We present improved and highly accurate International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) equatorial positions for 1,268,732 stars in 16 astrometric calibration regions located around the celestial equator. Each region is about 7. °6 × 3. °2 in area (∼24.3 deg2), contains a large number of stars (18,767 to 263,810), has stellar densities ranging from 765 to 10,772 stars deg-2, covers a wide range in magnitude (9.5 < R < 17.8, or equivalently 10.0 < V < 18.3), and is complete to magnitude R ∼ 17.2 (V ∼ 17.7). All of the observations were taken in 1994–1998 (mean epoch ∼J1996.0) with the Flagstaff Astrometric Scanning Transit Telescope. Furthermore, each region was observed many times with overlapped CCD strip scans, and these data were reduced to star positions using differential reductions. The reference-star positions were taken from the ACT catalog of accurate star positions and proper motions. The star positions presented herein are typically accurate to ±26 mas (±12 mas precision) in both right ascension and declination, except for the faintest stars, whose errors are about 2 times larger. Similarly, magnitudes were determined for the astrometric calibration stars using standard photometric reductions, and accuracies of ±18 mmag (±10 mmag precisions) were achieved (about ±46 mmag for the faintest stars). There is little variation among the individual astrometric calibration regions in terms of the positional and photometric accuracies achieved. In addition, the positions and magnitudes presented in this paper supersede those given in 1997 by Stone, insofar as they are considerably more accurate, are rigorously placed in the ICRS, include many more stars in the low Galactic regions, and have had accurate proper motions computed for them as well. The proper motions are accurate to about ±6 mas yr-1 and should maintain the accuracy of the positions for many years to come. Concerning possible applications, the positions and magnitudes of the stars in the astrometric calibration regions can be used to calibrate single and mosaicked CCD detectors, as well as to optimize techniques for reducing star measures on astrographic plates to star positions and magnitudes. As a consequence, the positions, proper motions, and magnitudes put forth in this paper are made available to interested users.
Crystal Orientation Dependence of Piezoelectric Properties in Lead Zirconate Titanate: Theoretical Expectation for Thin Films

Crystal orientation dependence of piezoelectric properties has been calculated phenomenologically for lead zirconate titanate (PZT) in the three-dimensional space. The calculation has been made for tetragonal PZT 40/60 (40% PZ and 60% PT) and rhombohedral PZT 60/40 compositions. The maximum longitudinal piezoelectric constant d33 and electromechanical coupling factor k33 in the rhombohedral composition were found to be at 57° and 51° angles, respectively, canted from the spontaneous polarization direction. This suggests that thin film piezoelectric actuators or sensors should employ a rhombohedral composition with the perovskite [100] epitaxially-oriented configuration.
Social Support Networks for Adolescents Orphaned by HIV: Definitions, Barriers, Challenges and Lessons from Uganda

ABSTRACT Social support is a key element to the health wellbeing of individuals, especially those experiencing major life transitions and crises. Prior evidence has demonstrated that orphaned adolescents are socially isolated with limited supportive networks. This study focused on how orphaned adolescents define social support, the nature of relationships with non-kin ties, barriers and challenges to seeking support. In-depth interviews from 38 orphaned adolescents (14–19 years) were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings demonstrated that 1) orphaned adolescents define support in terms of ‘giving and receiving material and non-material assistance’, and ‘helping individuals overcome problems’, 2) relationships are initiated by family members, 3) economic hardships, stigma, and lack of trust deter adolescents from seeking support outside of the family unit. Study findings point to the need to integrate social support strengthening components within programming for orphaned adolescents living in HIV impacted communities.
Adaptability, yield and in vitro evaluation of some promising silage maize hybrids under tropical climate

The study was conducted to assess adaptability, yield and in vitro evaluation of some promising silage maize hybrids (LG 32.01, LG 34.04 and BL 4121) grown under tropical climate. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with 3 replications. The stand count, plant height, number of cobs and cob length remained comparable among different maize hybrids; however, LG 34.04 variety took lesser number of days for tasselling and silking as compared to BL 4121 and LG 32.01. The BL 4121 hybrid had higher biological as well as dry matter yield as compared to LG 32.01 and LG 34.04 maize varieties. Significantly higher total digestible nutrients (TDN), relative feed quality (RFQ), digestible DM and net energy for lactation (NEl) were detected in BL 4121 variety in comparison to other hybrids. Analogous total volatile fatty acids (tVFA), acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), acetate to propionate ratio, ME value, digestibility of DM and OM were observed in in vitro evaluation with exception of net gas production (NGP) which was lowest for LG34.04 maize hybrid. After ensiling for 45 days, pH and lactic acid were found comparable among all selected silage maize hybrids; however, the tVFA content was recorded lowest in BL 4121 variety silage in comparison to the other hybrid silages. Furthermore, considerably higher TDN, digestible DM, NEl, RFV and RFQ in silages prepared from LG 32.01 and LG 34.04 were reported as compared to BL 4121 silage. Therefore, BL 4121 maize hybrid was superior to other varieties in herbage yield and in vitro evaluation; however maize variety LG 34.04 had better nutritive value as silage for ruminants over BL 4121 and LG 32.01 under tropical climate.
The Effect of Increasing the Dose of Acetamiprid and Dichlorvos Pesticides on the Reproductive Performance of Laboratory Mice

Background: Pesticides are widely used around the world. However, these chemicals are being used more frequently and at increased doses in underdeveloped and developing countries. Although the hazard of pesticides has been studied in ecological fields, the effect of residual amounts of these compounds on the physiological processes of the body has always been debated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 45 greenhouse cucumber plants were sprayed with dichlorvos and acetamiprid pesticides in concentrations of twofold (acetamiprid 500 g/1000 L and dichlorvos 4 L/1000 L) and threefold of the recommended dose. After 24 h, the residual amount was obtained. To evaluate the residual effect of the mentioned pesticides, an equivalent of this residue was added to the drinking water of 105 mice. Results: Pesticide residues were obtained for twofold and threefold concentrations of the recommended dose, 1.5 and 2.5 (mg/kg cucumber) for acetamiprid and 0.5 and 1 (mg/kg cucumber) for dichlorvos, respectively. Application of these chemicals at higher doses not only significantly reduced the body weight, food consumption, testosterone production, testicular germ cells and embryo numbers, but also increased the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in mice. Conclusions: The emergence of biological disorders and reducing reproductive potential in male mice can be attributed to the addition of pesticides to their drinking water. Therefore, to reduce the hazards caused by insecticides, it is recommended to familiarize farmers with the harmful effects of overdose of pesticides and monitoring the residuals in agricultural products.
The vortex motion causing edge tones

A detailed investigation has been made of the tones produced when a jet of air strikes an edge, with velocities extending from the lowest possible to those in the neighbourhood of the Reynolds critical velocity in the orifice. Four different stages of stable vortex-formation occurred and the whole phenomenon was found to lie within the sound-sensitive range of the jet. Throughout this range the dependence of the frequency n on the distance h of the edge and the mean velocity U can be closely represented for a 1-mm. slit-width and a wedge of angle 20° by the formula n=0.466 j (U-40) (1/h-0.07), where j=1, 2.3, 3.8 and 5.4 for the four stages respectively. The stage represented by j=1 may occur simultaneously with the other stages and thus two notes of different pitch may be produced. Comparison with the vortex motion in sensitive jets shows marked similarity, but it cannot be assumed that the vortex motion in edge tones has its origin at the orifice, as it always has in sensitive jets.
Cumulus Entrainment and Cloud Droplet Spectra: A Numerical Model within a Two-Dimensional Dynamical Framework

Abstract A simple numerical model designed to predict the evolution of cloud droplet spectra with special emphasis on the role of entrainment is developed for a case of nonprecipitating cloud. The model assumes that the cloud water mixing ratio at any grid location is equal to that predicted by a cloud model using bulk microphysics; that is, supersaturation/undersaturation inside cloud is neglected. Locally, only undiluted droplet concentrations are assumed to exist; any average dilution of cloud droplet concentration observed over a grid volume is interpreted as an effect of internal structure within the grid, with undiluted cloudy patches coexisting with those that are cloud free. Activation of cloud condensation nuclei is assumed to always produce the same initial spectrum of cloud droplets. Further condensational growth of this initial spectrum produces a set of base functions that are used to represent droplet spectral evolution. The microphysical model, combined with the two-dimensional cloud model .
Graph‐Framing Effects in Decision Making

This study manipulated the graphical representation of options by framing the physical characters in figures and found that preferences could be affected even when the words and numbers of the problem were constant. Based on attribute substitution theory and an equate-to-differentiate approach, we proposed a two-process model of graph-framing effects. In the first mental process, the graph-editing process, the physical features (e.g., distance, size) represented in the graph are visually edited, and the perceived numerical difference between the options is judged based on its physical features. The second mental process, the preferential choice process, occurs by an equate-to-differentiate approach in which people seek to equate the difference between options on the dimension on which the difference is smaller, thus leaving the greater other-dimensional difference to be the determinant of the final choice. Four experiments were tested for graph-framing effects. Experiment 1 found a graph-framing effect in coordinate graphs resting on the (de)compression of the scales employed in the figures. Experiment 2 revealed additional graph-framing effects in other question scenarios and showed that preference changes were mediated by perceived numerical distances. Experiment 3 further confirmed the presence of graph-framing effects in sector graphs similar to those found in coordinate ones. Experiment 4 suggested that such graph-framing effects could be eliminated when logical processing (e.g., introducing a mathematical operation before a choice task) was encouraged. This paper discusses related research and a possible substrate basis for graph-framing effects. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment strategies and pharmacist‐led medication management for Helicobacter pylori infection

Half of the world's population is Helicobacter pylori carrier. Updated guidelines and consensus have been issued across regions with the main aim of reducing social transmission and increasing H. pylori eradication rate. Although alternative therapies including traditional Chinese medicine and probiotics have also been used to improve H. pylori eradication rate in clinical practice, current mainstream treatment is still dependent on triple and quadruple therapies that includes antibacterial agents (e.g., amoxicillin and furazolidone) and proton pump inhibitor. Researches also assessed the eradication rate of optimized high‐dose dual therapy in treating H. pylori infection. With the increase of antibiotic resistance rate, the treatment strategies for H. pylori infection are constantly adjusted and improved. Besides, low medication compliance is another key influencing factor for H. pylori treatment failure. Emerging studies indicate that pharmacists' intervention and new pharmaceutical care methods can enhance patient medication compliance, reduce adverse drug reactions, and improve H. pylori eradication rate. The purpose of this review is to summarize the advances in treating H. pylori infection and highlight the necessity of developing novel strategies to cope with the increasing challenges and to achieve personalized medication. Also, this review attaches great importance to pharmacists in optimizing H. pylori treatment outcomes as a routine part of therapy.
Morphology and electrochromic property of chemical bath deposited NiO films at different NiSO4 concentration

In this study, nickel oxide (NiO) films were prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass by a chemical bath deposition (CBD) at different nickel sulfate (NiSO4) concentrations. The NiO films were verified for their structural properties with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) while the optical properties were investigated using a spectrophotometer. Moreover, the NiO films were studied to assess their electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry in potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte. The results showed that annealed NiO films exhibited the dominant crystal structure of the (111) plane. Meanwhile, the NiSO4 concentration controlled morphological structure between dense and porous structures. The porous structure of NiO film was produced with the NiSO4 concentration in the range of 0.2 M to 1.0 M and the most porous structure was NiSO4 concentration at 0.8 M with a porosity of 64.56%. The optical contrast was calculated between bleached and colored states which were obtained at a maximum of 51.39% for NiO films at 0.8 NiSO4 concentration. Morphological effects and electrochromic properties were highly consistent. Analysis of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) results revealed that the cyclic stability for the highly porous structure of NiO films was more deteriorating than the less porous films.
C1,α regularity of solutions to parabolic Monge-Ampére equations

We study interior $C^{1, \alpha}$ regularity of viscosity solutions of the parabolic Monge-Amp\'ere equation $$ u_t = b(x,t)\,\big(\! \det D^2 u\big)^p, $$ with exponent $p 0$ and with coefficients $b$ which are bounded and measurable. We show that when $p$ is less than the critical power $1\over{n-2}$ then solutions become instantly $C^{1,\alpha}$ in the interior. Also, we prove the same result for any power $p0$ at those points where either the solution separates from the initial data, or where the initial data is $C^{1,\beta}$.
Improved biped walking performance around the kinematic singularities of biomimetic four-bar knees

This paper studies the effects of replacing pin-joint knees in passive dynamic bipedal walkers with biomimetic four-bar knees. The kinetic model of the four-bar knees is presented in detail, and an analytical model of the passive walking dynamics is derived. The resulting four-bar kneed biped is compared with a pin-joint kneed walker, for their passive walking performance. The geometry of the four-bar knees used in the study is based on human anatomical data. It is found that the biomimetic four-bar knee configuration works to the advantage of the biped, especially around the extended-knee singular position. The four-bar knees are found to overperform the pin-joint ones, resulting in significant reduction of peak impact loads and energetic expenditure.
Experimental Investigation on Underlying Mechanism of LLDPE Based Rotationally Molded BioComposites

ABSTRACT Large hollow seamless plastic products can be easily molded by rotational molding process. A determined thermal stability along with a broad processing window is some requisite variant requirement of resin needed to be incorporated for this technique. Though Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) satisfies such requirements, but it deliberately depicts deficiency in application where structural strength is an essential specification. Numerous additives and reinforcements have been evinced to satiate this void. The present study investigates the effect of Sugarcane Bagasse (SCB) and Jute as an additive with LLDPE in order to ensure requisite processibility and improvised mechanical properties and even assessing the underlying mechanism to observe the fiber dispersion for rotational molding process. Fourier Transform Infrared Technique (FTIR) and Melt Flow Index (MFI) tests were considered to verify the roto moldability for the prepared bio composites in distinguished concentrations. The results obtained were then characterized mechanically based on tensile and impact strength. Thermal Stability viz. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) was also investigated to divulge the crystallinity impact of SCB and Jute with LLDPE when compared with pure matrix. Experiments revealed 5% of fiber addition manifested an improvised effect considering roto moldability and mechanical properties of end product. SUMMARY Rotational molding is a polymer manufacturing technique through which hollow and seamless parts having complex geometries can be manufactured. Polyethylene, especially Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) is most preferred base material for rotational molding. Bio composites of jute/LLDPE and Sugar Cane Bagasse (SCB)/LLDPE prepared using rotational molding were investigated. Investigation includes processability analysis, mechanical analysis and thermal analysis.
A simple mixed model for trend analysis in wildlife populations

This article is concerned with a test for time trend in ecological surveys conducted at multiple sites across several years. The test is useful for studying long-term trends in wildlife populations. We propose a modification of a mixed model—recently suggested by Van Leeuwen, Murray, and Urquhart—which leads to invariance to translation in the origin of the time covariate. The modified model is easily fitted using standard software. Using simulation, the performance of the procedure for un balanced data is shown to be satisfactory. Data on the population density of Thomson’s gazelles (Gazella thomsoni Günther) are used as an example.
Effect of modified housing on growth and physiological performance of crossbred dairy calves during the summer

The present study was conducted on crossbred (Vrindavani) cattle calves to evaluate the effect of modified housing using different roofing materials on growth and physiological performance of calves during the summer. Calves (24; 6–8 months old) were randomly selected and allocated in 4 groups, viz. control (C): corrugated cemented sheet (CCS) as roofing material, T1: the CCS roof was painted black inside and white outside, T2: polycarbonate plastic sheet as roof; and T3: polycarbonate roof with adjustable height. Overall the average temperature of shed was significantly lower in T1 (24.89±0.08) followed by T3 (27.30±0.10), T2 (28.28±0.04) and C (29.46±0.16). Overall average relative humidity (%) was significantly lower in T3 (62.38±0.30) as compared to T1 (64.54±0.14), T2 (65.68±0.23) and C (66.30±0.30). Overall average temperature humidity index was significantly lower in T1 (76.32±0.30) followed by T3 (76.50±0.16), T2 (77.91±0.05) and C (78.74±0.25). Total body wt gain (kg) was significantly higher in T3 (35.67), followed by T1 (34.83), T2 (34.1) and C (28.16). Overall rectal temperature (°C) and respiration rate (per minute) in afternoon was significantly higher in control as compared to all other treatment groups. It may be inferred that the micro-environment was more conducive in T1 and T3 than control; hence the reflective paints on roof and adjusted higher height of polycarbonate roof may be the desirable choice for animal housing in view of mitigating heat stress during the summer.
A Study on Digital Leadership Scale Adaptation

years, the speed of digitalisation in nearly all fields has led organizations to actively use digital tools, practice working methods that are compatible with daily requirements, and adjust themselves to the process compositionally. The concept of digital leadership can be defined as the result of this necessity. Digital leaders focus on basic dynamics of the present world, can achieve digital transformation, and equate learning culture and the structure of an organization with digital standards. In this respect, to measure digital leadership understanding in Turkey, the present study adapted the scale, developed by Zeike et al. (2019) to Turkish and analyzed its reliability and validity. In the study, the first test was conducted with 135 teachers working in Kars, while the second test was conducted with 334 academicians. The adaptation of the scale into Turkish was achieved in the research by making the analyses of normality, correlation, and exploratory factor analysis through the SPSS program and by making confirmatory factor analyses through the AMOS program. The reliability and validity of the scale obtained were achieved by gathering it under a single dimension.
Injection and propagation of a nonrelativistic electron beam and spacecraft charging

Two-dimensional numerical simulations have been carried out in order to study the injection and propagation of a nonrelativistic electron beam from a spacecraft into a fully ionized plasma in a magnetic field. Contrary to the earlier results in one dimension, a high-density electron beam whose density is comparable to the ambient density can propagate into a plasma. A strong radial electric field resulting from the net charges in the beam causes the beam electrons to spread radially, reducing the beam density. When the injection current exceeds the return current, significant charging of the spacecraft is observed along with the acceleration of the ambient electrons back to the spacecraft. As a result, a beam current much larger than the thermal return current can be injected into space. Recent data on the electron beam injection from the Spacelab 1 (SEPAC) are discussed.
Cepheids and Long-Period Variables in IC 342

Using repeated imaging with the WIYN 3.5 m telescope at Kitt Peak, we have identified 24 Cepheids in IC 342. For 20 of them, we have obtained reliable r and i photometry. In addition, we have identified 52 other variables (with varying degrees of data quality) for which we are unable to derive definite periods from the data at hand. Most of these are likely to be semiregular long-period variables. From an analysis of the period-luminosity relation of the 20 unambiguous and well-measured Cepheids in the two passbands, we derive the true distance modulus to be 27.58 ± 0.18, corresponding to a distance of 3.3 Mpc. The mean line-of-sight reddening to this sample of Cepheids is derived to be E(r-i) = 0.38 ± 0.06 mag, which corresponds to E(B-V) = 0.63 ± 0.10 and extinction Ar = 1.41 ± 0.22 and AV = 2.01 ± 0.32 mag. Within the respective uncertainties, these values are consistent with other independent estimates of the reddening. The derived distance and extinction imply that IC 342 rivals our own Galaxy in total brightness, which suggests that the Maffei/IC 342 Group taken together may be larger than the Local Group.