Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moral Orders of Mobility: Youth Aspirations and ‘Doing’ Social Position in Finland

By studying the moral orders that young Finnish adults (aged 18–30) attach to geographical mobility, this article reveals previously neglected relationships between aspiration and mobility. The 40 young adult interviewees are living in the midst of Finnish political debates about youth aspiration, which emphasise geographical rather than social mobility as a way to enhance employability and demonstrate aspiration. We argue that young people themselves use the discourse of geographical mobility by leaning on morally ordered social positionings which tend to be classed and gendered. They position themselves on a moral map of Finnish society, and in doing so they work and rework the social order and social hierarchies among young adults. The article suggests that notions of global and domestic mobility might best be grasped by focusing on the moral orders of aspiration that young adults also attach to intimate life.
Current practice and evolution of pediatric respiratory management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Canada

Abstract RATIONALE: Respiratory management practices for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) vary across Canada, according to a web-based survey conducted in 2010. Since then, new guidelines for respiratory management of DMD have been published. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe current respiratory management practices of Canadian Pediatric Respirologists for children with DMD across the country. METHODS: A web-based survey on timing and indications for respiratory diagnostic tests and interventions was sent to all practicing Pediatric Respirologists at tertiary care centers in Canada who are involved in the longitudinal management of boys with DMD (N = 20). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Responses were received from 17 (85%) Pediatric Respirologists. Pulmonary function testing is regularly performed at least twice yearly after 5-6 years of age or after a patient becomes nonambulatory (13/17, 76%). Maximal expiratory pressures (15/17, 88%) and peak cough flow (12/17, 71%) are used to assess respiratory muscle strength. Sleep evaluation is most commonly performed with polysomnography (14/17, 82%), and is requested with the onset of symptoms (14/17, 82%) or with a forced vital capacity (FVC) < 60% predicted (6/9, 67%). At least once-daily lung volume recruitment exercises are prescribed by 94% (16/17) of respondents during periods of clinical stability, with the most common indication being an FVC < 80% predicted (9/17, 53%). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of Canadian Pediatric Respirologists are providing respiratory care to boys with DMD according to the current guidelines. The greatest change over time is the increased usage of regular LVR/airway clearance during periods of clinical stability.
Field Performance of Three-way Cross Yellow and White Maize Hybrids in Nepal

Maize hybrids can increase production, bridge the yield gap, and boost up domestic production in Nepal. Three-way cross hybrid introduces an alternative to produce low cost hybrid seed for resource poor farmers. A study was performed to identify promising yellow and white maize hybrids developed by International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT), Mexico in Rampur, Nepal. Nineteen three-way cross white maize hybrids with two checks and seventeen yellow maize hybrids with one check were tested in field experiments on 2017 and 2018. Treatments were replicated twice in α-lattice design with each experimental plot of 9.6-m 2 (4-m × 2.4-m). AF17A-426-13/14, AF17A-426-1/2, AF17A-426-28/39, and AF17A-426-15/16 were the three-way cross white hybrids produced grain yield of more than 9000 kg ha -1 . Similarly, AF17A473-20/29 and AF17A-473-18/27 yielded about 9000 kg ha among the three-way cross yellow maize hybrids. These hybrids have commercial potentials to increase maize yield in Nepal if the provided parents are successful in the seed production. Original Research Article Tripathi et al.; AJAAR, 15(1): 24-33, 2021; Article no.AJAAR. 66299 25
An empirical test of the bet‐hedging polyandry hypothesis: Female red flour beetles avoid extinction via multiple mating

Abstract Bet‐hedging via polyandry (spreading the extinction risk of the female's lineage over multiple males) may explain the evolution of female multiple mating, which is found in a wide range of animal and plant taxa. This hypothesis posits that females can increase their fitness via polyandrous mating when “unsuitable” males (i.e., males causing reproductive failure for various reasons) are frequent in the population and females cannot discriminate such unsuitable mates. Although recent theoretical studies have shown that polyandry can operate as a bet‐hedging strategy, empirical tests are scarce. In the present study, we tested the bet‐hedging polyandry hypothesis by using the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. We compared female reproductive success between monandry and polyandry treatments when females mated with males randomly collected from an experimental population, including 20% irradiated (infertile) males. In addition, we evaluated geometric mean fitness across multiple generations as the index of adaptability of bet‐hedging traits. Polyandrous females showed a significantly higher egg hatching rate and higher geometric mean fitness than monandrous females. These results strongly support the bet‐hedging polyandry hypothesis.
Correlation Between Flavonoids and Color in Red Wines Aged in Wood

Principal component analysis and discriminant analysis were applied to the results of the analysis of anthocyanins, flavonols, and color parameters in Spanish red wines aged in wood and collected from various wineries in the Ribera de Duero Appellation of Origin region. Highlighted differences were founded among the wineries within the framework of the general standard established by that Appellation of Origin.
Candidate Core Designs for the Transformational Challenge Reactor

Early cycle activities under the Transformational Challenge Reactor (TCR) program focused on analyzing and maturing four reactor core design concepts: two fast-spectrum systems and two thermal-spectrum systems. A rapid, iterative approach has been implemented through which designs can be modified and analyzed and subcomponents can be manufactured in parallel over time frames of weeks rather than months or years. To meet key program initiatives (e.g., timeline, material use), several constraints—including fissile material availability (less than 250 kg of HALEU), component availabilities, materials compatibility, and additive manufacturing capabilities—were factored into the design effort, yielding small (less than one cubic meter in volume) cores with near-term viability. The fast-spectrum designs did not meet the fissile material constraint, so the thermal-spectrum systems became the primary design focus. Since significant progress has been made on advanced moderator materials (YHx) under the TCR program, gas-cooled thermal-spectrum systems using less than 250 kg of HALEU that occupy less than 1 m3 are now feasible. The designs for two of these systems have been evolved and matured. In both thermal-spectrum design concepts, bidirectional coolant flow is used. Coolant flows down through YHx moderator elements and is reversed in a bottom manifold and core support structure, and then flows up though or around the fuel elements. The main difference between the two thermal-spectrum design concepts is the fuel elements—one uses traditional UO2 ceramic fuel, and the other uses UN-bearing TRISO fuel particles embedded inside a SiC matrix. Core neutronics and thermal performance for these systems are assessed and summarized herein.
Complete mitochondrial genome of an Arctic Collared Lemming subspecies endemic to the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russia

In this study, we present an announcement of Novaya Zemlya Collared Lemming Dicrostonyx torquatus ungulatus (von Baer, 1841) complete mitogenome. This rodent was described historically as an Arctic Collared Lemming subspecies endemic to Novaya Zemlya (Arctic Russia) but its taxonomic status was unclear due to the lack of available molecular data. Based on a comprehensive mitogenomic phylogeny of the Arctic Collared Lemming, we show that this insular population shares a highly divergent mtDNA sequence (total length 16,341 bp). Hence, it should be considered a valid subspecies of the Arctic Collared Lemming. Our findings support the hypothesis that the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago had served as a cryptic polar refugium for cold-tolerant terrestrial and freshwater taxa since the mid-Pleistocene or even earlier.
How Do Bonus Payments Affect the Demand for Auto Loans and Their Delinquency?

This article studies how receiving a bonus changes consumers’ demand for auto loans and their risk of future delinquency. Unlike traditional consumer products, auto loans have a long-term impact on consumers’ financial state because of the monthly payment obligation. Using a large consumer panel data set of credit and employment information, the authors find that receiving a bonus increases auto loan demand by 21%. These loans, however, are associated with higher risk, as the delinquency rate increases by 18.5%–31.4% depending on different measures. In contrast, an increase in consumers’ base salary will increase their demand for auto loans but not their delinquency. By comparing consumers with bonuses with those without bonuses, the authors find that bonus payments lead to both demand expansion and demand shifting on auto loans. The empirical findings help shed light on how consumers make financial decisions and have important implications for financial institutions on when demand for auto loans and the associated risk arise.
Capital structure, firm value and managerial ownership: Evidence from East African countries

East African firms are experiencing economic growth and are attracting foreign investment in the form of equity capital and loans. However, there are concerns about whether the structure of the capital and managerial ownership of these firms can influence their growth. The study examined the relationship between capital structure and firm value in East African countries and how managerial ownership influences this relationship. Sixty-five (65) listed firms in East Africa were selected for the study. The study employed a GMM estimation technique. The evidence showed that leverage has a significantly negative impact on the value of firms in East Africa, suggesting that higher debt would result in a decrease of firm value. The implication of this result is that firms can increase their value by reducing their leverage level. Moreover, the study found that managerial ownership had an inverse and significant impact on the relationship between leverage and firm value. The conclusion is that leverage decreases the value of firms in East Africa. Another conclusion is that owner-managers can use debt capital more effectively to increase firm value than non-owner managers. The implication of this result is that firms managed by owners can borrow more for their operations because it would increase the value of the firms. This study is the first to examine how managerial ownership moderates the relationship between capital structure and the value of firms in East Africa, which has a unique political, social, cultural and economic environment.
Factors Associated With Willingness to Use Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) Among Fishing Communities in Peri-urban Kampala, Uganda

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in key populations at elevated risk for exposure to HIV. If used effectively, PrEP can reduce annual HIV incidence to below 0.05%. However, PrEP is not acceptable among all communities that might benefit from it. There is, therefore, a need to understand perceptions of PrEP and factors associated with willingness to use PrEP among key populations at risk of HIV, such as members of communities with exceptionally high HIV prevalence. Objective: To examine the perceptions and factors associated with willingness to use oral PrEP among members of fishing communities in Uganda, a key population at risk of HIV. Methods: We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study at Ggaba fishing community from February to June 2019. Survey data were collected from a systematic random sample of 283 community members. We carried out bivariate tests of association of willingness to use PrEP with demographic characteristics, HIV risk perception, HIV testing history. We estimated prevalence ratios for willingness to use PrEP. We used backward elimination to build a multivariable modified Poisson regression model to describe factors associated with willingness to use PrEP. We purposively selected 16 participants for focus group discussions to contextualize survey findings, analysing data inductively and identifying emergent themes related to perceptions of PrEP. Key results: We enrolled 283 participants with a mean age of 31±8 years. Most (80.9%) were male. The majority of participants had tested for HIV in their lifetime, but 64% had not tested in the past 6 months. Self-reported HIV prevalence was 6.4%. Most (80.6%, 95%CI 75.5-85.0) were willing in principle to use PrEP. Willingness to use PrEP was associated with perceiving oneself to be at high risk of HIV (aPR 1.99, 95%CI 1.31-3.02, P= 0.001), having tested for HIV in the past 6-months (aPR 1.13, 95%CI 1.03-1.24, P=0.007), and completion of tertiary education (aPR 1.97, 95%CI 1.39-2.81, P<0.001). In focus group discussions, participants described pill burden, side-effects, drug safety, and accessibility as potential barriers to PrEP use. Conclusions and recommendations: Oral PrEP was widely acceptable among members of fishing communities in peri-urban Kampala. Programs for scaling-up PrEP for fisherfolk should merge HIV testing services with sensitization about PrEP and also address issues of access to drugs.
Effects of Marketing Decisions on Brand Equity and Franchise Performance

The purpose of this study is to provide a way of pursuing a balanced profitability between franchisors and franchisees leading to the sustainability in franchising. Based on a belief that the formation of brand-centric relationship is vital for the success of franchising system, we constructed a model that examines the relationships between marketing decisions, brand equity, and the financial performances of franchisors and franchisees. We used actual data of the Korean franchise chains, including measures of channel intensity and advertising and promotional activities as franchise marketing decisions as well as the profitability of franchisors and franchisees for the analysis. The results of analysis show that while advertising and promotion expenditure has a positive impact on the performances of both franchisors and franchisees, the number of stores does not influence them in the same way. This indicates that their interests may conflict. This study suggests that marketing decisions can be utilized as a means of achieving balanced profitability that would benefit the sustainability in franchising between franchisors and franchisees.
Correlation Analysis of Mood State and Symptom Clusters in Patients With Stage-Ⅳ Lung Cancer During Immunotherapy

Purpose: To investigate the status of symptom clusters and mood states and analyze the correlation between them in patients with stage-IV lung cancer undergoing immunotherapy.Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, we selected 259 patients for analysis with stage-IV lung cancer who were admitted to the oncology department of a hospital for immunotherapy from February to December 2020. Three instruments were used: a general situation questionnaire, the Chinese version of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory, and the Brief Profile of Mood State Short Form.Results: An exploratory factor analysis identified three main symptom clusters: the disturbance influence, general, and pain–fatigue related symptom clusters. The total score for mood state was (25.71 SD: ±8.32). The score of the depression dimension was the highest (3.30 ±1.85) in the negative mood state; the total score of mood state and the score of negative mood state at different latitudes were significantly positively correlated with the total score of symptom clusters (r = 0.420–0.529, p < 0.01). Conclusion: There are many symptom clusters in patients with lung cancer undergoing immunotherapy. The negative mood state is significant and changes along with changes in symptom clusters; moreover, there is high correlation between them. There should be more focus on the evaluation and management of symptom clusters of patients in nursing to improve the patients’ quality of life.
Non-Invasive Rhinosinusitis: Clinical and Microbiological Perspective

Objectives: Objectives: Fungal rhinosinusitis is one of the important healthcare problems and its incidence and prevalence are increasing over the past three decades. It affects approximately 20% of the population at some time in their lives. We aimed to identify and characterize the microorganisms causing non-invasive rhinosinusitis and to correlate the findings with the clinical profile of patients. Methods: Clinically suspected cases of rhinosinusitis were enrolled in the study and detailed clinical history was taken. Samples like nasal mucosa, nasal crusts, scrapings / excised nasal polyps, and biopsy were collected. The specimens were processed for fungal culture. Isolates were identified as per standard protocols. Results: A total of 74 patients clinically suspected of rhinosinusitis were enrolled in our study out of which 60.8% were males. The most common presenting complaint was nasal obstruction (91.8%) followed by nasal discharge (77%). Clinically characterizing, the most common type of non-invasive rhinosinusitis seen in our study was allergic rhinosinusitis (44.6%). KOH positivity was 45.6% and fungal culture positivity was 30.4%. The most common fungal isolate was Aspergillus flavus . Conclusion: and periodic evaluation of the patterns of isolates complications by early institution of appropriate treatment. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 11(1):21-26.
Molecular characterization of cucumber mosaic virus infecting Echinacea purpurea in Ukraine

Abstract Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most widespread and harmful viruses infecting Echinacea purpurea. Only three sequences of CMV coneflower isolates are in NCBI Genbank. The aim was to perform phylogenetic analysis of Ukrainian CMV isolate infecting purple coneflower. For the first time, 443 nt CP gene sequence of CMV isolate Р-EP-Ukr-19 infecting coneflower plants in Ukraine was submitted to the NCBI GenBank under Ac.No MT978189. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Р-EP-Ukr-19 clustered into the subgroup IB and shares 93.7% − 99.7% nt and 86.4%-99.2% aa identity. P-EP-Ukr-19 has the highest level of the CP sequence identity with Ukrainian Ukr-8, Ukr-sq13, Ukr-tom2, Ukr-1409 (99.0-99.7% nt and 97.5-99.2% aa) and with Chinese and Korean isolates. In CP region Р-ЕР-Ukr-19 has two identical aa substitutions with these isolates and one unique substitution comparing to other strains. This is the first phylogenetic analysis of CMV isolate infecting purple coneflower plants in Ukraine.
Radiocarbon Data Reveal Contrasting Sources for Carbon Fractions in Thermokarst Lakes and Rivers of Eastern Canada (Nunavik, Quebec)

Greenhouse gas emissions from permafrost organic carbon decomposition in lakes and rivers can accelerate global warming. We used radiocarbon (14C) measurements to determine the predominant sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and methane (CH4) in five thermokarst lakes and three rivers in an area of widespread permafrost degradation in Northern Quebec to assess contributions from thawing permafrost and other old carbon (fixed before CE 1950) reservoirs. We compared emission pathways (dissolved gas and ebullition), seasons (summer and winter), and surface soil type (mineral and peat soils). Modern carbon (fixed after CE 1950) was the dominant source of DOC, DIC, and CH4 of non‐peatland aquatic systems, while POC and sediment carbon were predominantly fixed in the last millennia. In the peatland systems, modern and permafrost carbon were important sources of DOC, lake DIC, lake ebullition CO2, and lake dissolved CH4. In contrast, POC, lake ebullition CH4, and river DIC were dominated by millennial‐old carbon. In winter, the 14C age of DOC, DIC, and POC in the peatland lakes increased, but the 14C age of dissolved CH4 did not change. Our results point to a clearly older overall carbon source for ebullition CH4 relative to dissolved CH4 in the peatland lakes but not the non‐peatland lakes. The younger ages of dissolved CH4 and DIC relative to DOC and POC in all lakes suggest that recent primary productivity strongly influences the large total lake CH4 and CO2 emissions in this area, as diffusion fluxes greatly exceed ebullition fluxes.
Rotational invariant fractional derivative filters for lung tissue classification

A new and powerful rotation invariant fractional derivative convolution neural network model is proposed for the classiﬁcation of ﬁve categories of interstitial lung diseases. Fractional derivative convolution neural network model employs fractional derivative ﬁlters for the texture enhancement of the lung tissue patches instead of the raw image, is given as input directly to the convolution neural network. These FD ﬁlters are rotation invariant which solves the problem of rotation invariance of lung tissue patterns caused by pose variations of the patient during CT scanning. Also, the problem of the poor performance of most classiﬁers such as, support vector machine and K-nearest neighbours caused by an imbalanced dataset is solved, by oversampling the minority categories emphysema and ground glass patches, and under-sampling the majority category, micronodules patches. The experimental results are executed on the publicly available interstitial lung disease database which shows the fractional derivative convolution neural network model performs better than the state-of-art with average F-score and accuracy noted as 93.32% and 93.33% respectively.
Assessment of oral health knowledge and challenges in oral hygiene practices among homeless adults in Jalan Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur

Abstract In Malaysia, the homeless population is increasing due to structural and individual factors. Their living environment may expose them to various health problems, including poor oral health status. Currently, studies focusing on the oral health of the homeless population in Malaysia are limited. This study aims to assess oral health knowledge and the challenges in oral health practices among homeless adults in Jalan Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 69 adults living in Jalan Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur. A questionnaire was distributed to the participants to evaluate their oral health knowledge, practices and challenges in oral hygiene care. Only 26.1% (n = 18) of the participants were able to answer the question on the causes of gum disease. There is no association in gender and education level on oral health knowledge of the participants. However, most of the participants brush their teeth at least once daily (92.7%, n = 64). There were still some participants (11.6%, n = 8) had to share toothbrush with significant association between gender and sharing of toothbrush. There is no association in education level on oral hygiene practice of the participants. Most of the participants (82.7%, n = 57) denied having any challenge in performing their routine oral hygiene care. Financial problem was identified to be the main barrier in seeking dental treatment (29.6%, n = 13). In conclusion, the homeless adults in Jalan Chow Kit had acceptable oral health knowledge with particularly low knowledge on gum disease. Nevertheless, good oral hygiene practices were reported.