Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hubble Space Telescope Flux Calibration. I. STIS and CALSPEC

The precision of absolute flux measurements is quantified for the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), which is the most important contributor to the CALSPEC standards. With our goal of 1% absolute accuracy, the documentation of the Hubble Space Telescope/CALSPEC flux scale and its subpercent repeatability are of prime importance. While the 1σ rms broadband repeatability for G140L is 0.7%, the other four STIS spectral modes show excellent photometric repeatability of 1σ = 0.2%. The custom data processing that is required to achieve these results is discussed in detail. In particular, the correction for the wide extraction heights required for the saturated Vega and Sirius data is found to vary with time, which results in revised spectral energy distributions that decrease by as much as 2.5% for Sirius and 2% for Vega at 1 μm.
Effect of Intercropping Maize with Cowpea on the Yield and its Quality

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Department Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University Egypt. , during two summer growing seasons of 2017 and 2018 to study the relative advantage of intercropping systems of maize with cowpea on the yield and its attributes as well as some quality traits.
PENGARUH PUTARAN MESIN TERHADAP HASIL SERBUK LEMPUNG PADA MESIN PENGGILING BAHAN KERAMIK

Sebanyak 72 % pengusaha IKM keramik tidak dapat menghasilkan serbuk lempung 80 % dari kapasitas mesin dikarenakan pengaturan parameter mesin ball mill tidak sesuai. Parameter tersebut antara lain putaran mesin, diameter bola alumina dan waktu pengoperasiannya. Pengaruh besaran putaran mesin terhadap hasil serbuk lempung. Kapasitas mesin yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 5 kg menggunakan diameter bola alumina 20 mm dengan waktu pengoperasian mesin selama 10 jam tanpa berhenti. Bongkahan lempung yang digunakan seberat 5.000 gram dan syarat kehalusan lempung yang dihasilkan harus lolos ayakan 100 mesh karena merupakan bahan baku terbaik dalam pembuatan keramik jenis gerabah. Disimpulkan bahwa serbuk lempung yang dihasilkan seberat 4.246,378 gram pada putaran optimum mesinyaitu 79,796 rpm yang dihitung dari persamaany = -21126,63636 + 635,9484848 x- 3,984848485 x2 sedangkan hasil serbuk lempung terbanyak yang lolos 100 mesh adalah 4.825 gram pada putaran mesin80 rpm. disarankan untuk mengunakan berat bola alumina dan bongkahan lempung yang bervariasi serta waktu penggilingannya lebih besar dari 10 jam supaya pengaruh variabel bebas tersebut dapat terlihat. Apabila menginginkan hasil lebih baik lagi disarankan untuk menggunakan bahan selain lempung sebagai bahan yang akan digiling sedangkan bola alumina sebagai media grinding dapat diganti dengan menggunakan bola stainless steel.
Bidirectional spin-wave-driven domain wall motion in ferrimagnets

We investigate ferrimagnetic domain wall dynamics induced by circularly polarized spin waves theoretically and numerically. We find that the direction of domain wall motion depends on both the circular polarization of spin waves and the sign of net spin density of ferrimagnet. Below the angular momentum compensation point, left- (right-) circularly polarized spin waves push a domain wall towards (away from) the spin-wave source. Above the angular momentum compensation point, on the other hand, the direction of domain wall motion is reversed. This bidirectional motion originates from the fact that the sign of spin-wave-induced magnonic torque depends on the circular polarization and the subsequent response of the domain wall to the magnonic torque is governed by the net spin density. Our finding provides a way to utilize a spin wave as a versatile driving force for bidirectional domain wall motion.
R enyi Extrapolation of Shannon Entropy

Relations between Shannon entropy and R enyi entropies of integer order are dis- cussed. For any N-point discrete probability distribution for which the R enyi entropies of order two and three are known, we provide a lower and an upper bound for the Shannon entropy. The average of both bounds provide an explicit extrapolation for this quantity. These results imply relations between the von Neumann entropy of a mixed quantum state, its linear entropy and traces.
Effects of Fat Mass on Motor Development During the First 2 Years of Life

This study characterized total body fat mass (FM) and motor development during the first 2 years of life in healthy infants. Participants (n = 469) from the Beginnings Study cohort, a prospective, longitudinal study of early infant feeding, were assessed at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months of age for a total of 2231 observations. Growth was evaluated using standard anthropometric techniques, and body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Motor development was evaluated using Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Mixed-effects models adjusted for race, sex, gestational age, birth weight, birth length, and maternal education were used for data analyses. Greater weight-for-length Z-scores and overweight status were negatively associated with subsequent psychomotor development index (PDI) scores (P < .01), and total body FM was negatively associated with concurrent and subsequent PDI scores (P < .01). The relationship between total body FM and PDI scores was significant starting at 9.
An Improved Two-Scale Model for Electromagnetic Backscattering From Sea Surface

Based on composite rough surface and stochastic multiscale models, an improved two-scale model (TSM) is proposed. Different from the classical TSM, the proposed method adopts the integral equation method (IEM) to replace the small perturbation method (SPM) for calculating the contribution from small-scale roughness. Kirchhoff approximation (KA) is still kept in the model to calculate the contribution from large-scale roughness. Because the IEM has wider application range than the SPM, the proposed model exhibits a higher accuracy and has a wider application range in terms of sea surface roughness compared with the classical TSM. Usually, the classical TSM is sensitive to the cutoff wavenumber. The proposed model adopts an adaptive cutoff wavenumber instead of choosing a cutoff wavenumber in the classical TSM. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated through comparisons with the simulation results of multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) and the measured results. Different roughness at different frequencies is analyzed as well.
A driven tagged particle in asymmetric exclusion processes

We consider the asymmetric exclusion process with a driven tagged particle on Z which has different jump rates from other particles and show that the tagged particle can have a ballistic behavior when the non-tagged particles have non-nearest-neighbor jump rates. We show the existence of some non-trivial invariant measures for the environment process viewed from the tagged particle. Our arguments are based on coupling, the martingale approach, and analyzing currents through fixed bonds.
An efficient numerical technique for a new fractional tuberculosis model with nonsingular derivative operator

The present study aims to investigate a new fractional model describing the dynamical behaviour of the tuberculosis infection. In this new formulation, we use a recently introduced fractional operator with Mittag–Leffler nonsingular kernel. To solve and simulate the proposed model, a new and efficient numerical method is developed based on the product-integration rule. Simulation results are provided and some discussions are given to verify the theoretical analysis. The results indicate that employing the nonsingular operator can extract the hidden aspects of the model under consideration while these features are invisible when we use the ordinary time-derivatives. Therefore, the non-integer calculus supplies more flexible models describing the asymptotic behaviours of the real-world phenomena and helps us to better understand their complex dynamics.
Frequency‐dependent fault detection for networked systems under uniform quantization and try‐once‐discard protocol

This paper is concerned with the frequency‐dependent fault detection scheme for networked systems under uniform quantization and try‐once‐discard protocol scheduling. By considering the communication constraint and the data node scheduling, a switched system is firstly modeled to characterize the dynamic features of the whole system. The switching function of the derived system is determined by the try‐once‐discard protocol. For this class of system, a sufficient condition to ensure the exponentially ultimately boundedness is established. With the aid of some novel analysis processes, sufficient conditions to characterize the desired finite frequency performances, which transform the frequency‐domain restrictions into time‐domain conditions, are subsequently developed. Then, the fault detection filters corresponding to the transmission nodes are synthesized by solving an optimization problem. Finally, an application to VTOL aircraft is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault detection strategy.
An investigation of the heat generated during cyclic loading of ultra‐high performance concrete

In this paper, the mechanism of heat generation in concrete due to cyclic loading is studied, in which the development of load‐induced temperature is modelled using a heat transfer equation. The heat generation rate is theoretically determined and the calculation is experimentally validated. The influence of the maximum size of aggregate of concrete on the temperature development is also taken into account. It is shown that the load‐induced temperature is generated by conversion of dissipate energy, which mainly occurs at the interfacial transition zone between binders and concrete aggregates and can be described by the plastic work of concrete material.
Errata: Better Lower Bounds on Detecting A ne and Spherical Degeneracies

The lower bounds in [1] are based on the following adversary argument. Initially, the adversary presents a nondegenerate set of points. If an algorithm does not do enough work, the adversary can modify its original input, introducing a degeneracy that the algorithm cannot detect. To prove some of our lower bounds, we rst construct an adversary input for a restricted problem, in which some degeneracies are ignored, and then argue that this point set can be perturbed into general position to obtain an adversary input for the unrestricted problem. This perturbation technique is based on an incorrect assumption, and the proofs that use it are invalid. Let be a collection of D-variate real polynomials. Each polynomial in naturally induces an algebraic surface in IR, and these surfaces de ne a cellular decomposition of IR. Speci cally, two points p; q 2 IR are in the same cell if and only if the sign of every polynomial in is the same at both points. A surface nicely bounds a cell C in this decomposition if there is a continuous path from some point in C to some point outside C that intersects transversely and is either completely contained in or completely disjoint from every other surface induced by . The correctness of the perturbation technique is based on the following incorrect claim [1, p.48]:
Minimax estimation in regression and random censorship models

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Including Stable Carbon Isotopes to Evaluate the Dynamics of Soil Carbon in the Land‐Surface Model ORCHIDEE

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial component of the terrestrial carbon cycle and its turnover time in models is a key source of uncertainty. Studies have highlighted the utility of δ13C measurements for benchmarking SOC turnover in global models. We used 13C as a tracer within a vertically discretized soil module of a land‐surface model, Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems‐ Soil Organic Matter (ORCHIDEE‐SOM). Our new module represents some of the processes that have been hypothesized to lead to a 13C enrichment with soil depth as follows: 1) the Suess effect and CO2 fertilization, 2) the relative 13C enrichment of roots compared to leaves, and 3) 13C discrimination associated with microbial activity. We tested if the upgraded soil module was able to reproduce the vertical profile of δ13C within the soil column at two temperate sites and the short‐term change in the isotopic signal of soil after a shift in C3/C4 vegetation. We ran the model over Europe to test its performance at larger scale. The model was able to simulate a shift in the isotopic signal due to short‐term changes in vegetation cover from C3 to C4; however, it was not able to reproduce the overall vertical profile in soil δ13C, which arises as a combination of short and long‐term processes. At the European scale, the model ably reproduced soil CO2 fluxes and total SOC stock. These findings stress the importance of the long‐term history of land cover for simulating vertical profiles of δ13C. This new soil module is an emerging tool for the diagnosis and improvement of global SOC models.
Glycemic Index: The Measure and Its Variability—The True State of the Science

A recent article in Nutrition Today by Julie Jones, entitled “Glycemic Index: The State of the Science, Part 1: The Measure and Its Variability,” makes 3 main points regarding the glycemic index (GI): the GI measure is inaccurate and imprecise; GI tables may not accurately reflect what was eaten in terms of variety, cooking method, amounts, and processing; GI does not necessarily predict the health effect of a diet. These views reflect common concerns about the GI. However, the arguments used to support them have limitations. Many are limited by a misunderstanding of the meaning, purpose, and function of GI. Others are limited because they are based on inaccurate facts. Dr Wolverhampton believes that the article does not accurately represent ‘the state of the science’ on GI on the measure and its variability. He contends that GI methodology is neither imprecise nor inaccurate and may be a useful nutritional parameter that is precise enough to distinguish between low-GI (GI ⩽55) and high-GI (GI ≥70).
Carbon Dioxid in the Primary Cultivation of the Gonococcus

In a general investigation of the cultural requirements of the gonococcus it seemed well to test the influence of carbon dioxid at pressures approximating its tension in living tissue, that is, from 5-7 cm. Hg. For the purpose of this work a gram-negative coccus isolated from the pus of a case of gonorrhea in the male has usually been deemed a gonococcus without further attempt at specific identification. Slight irregularity of contour and more or less variation in size and staining intensity of the individuals, and the transparency or inconspicuousness of the young colonies have been regularly observed characteristics.
Impact of Ocean and Sea Ice Initialisation On Seasonal Prediction Skill in the Arctic

There is a growing demand for skillful prediction systems in the Arctic. Using the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model that combines the fully coupled Norwegian Earth System Model and the Ensemble Kalman filter, we present a system that performs both, weakly coupled data assimilation (wCDA) when assimilating ocean hydrography (by updating the ocean alone) and strongly coupled data assimilation when assimilating sea ice concentration (SIC) (by jointly updating the sea ice and ocean). We assess the seasonal prediction skill of this version of the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model, the first climate prediction system using strongly coupled data assimilation, by performing retrospective predictions (hindcasts) for the period 1985 to 2010. To better understand the origins of the prediction skill of Arctic sea ice, we compare this version with a version that solely performs wCDA of ocean hydrography. The reanalysis that assimilates just ocean data exhibits skillful hydrography in the upper Arctic Ocean and features an improved sea ice state, such as improved summer SIC in the Barents Sea, or reduced biases in sea ice thickness. Skillful prediction of SIE up to 10–12 lead months are only found during winter in regions of a relatively deep ocean mixed layer outside the Arctic basin. Additional DA of SIC data notably further corrects the initial seaice state, confirming the applicability of the results of Kimmritz et al. (2018) in a historical setting. The resulting prediction skill of SIE is widely enhanced compared to predictions initialized through wCDA of only ocean data. Particularly high skill is found for July‐initialized autumn SIE predictions.
Observer-Based Event-Triggered Fuzzy Adaptive Bipartite Containment Control of Multiagent Systems With Input Quantization

This article studies the bipartite containment control problem for nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) with input quantization over a signed digraph. The design objective is to provide an appropriate distributed protocol such that the followers converge to a convex hull containing each leader's trajectory as well as its opposite trajectory different in sign. Based on a nonlinear decomposition approach of input quantization, an event-triggered control scheme is developed via backstepping technique. A fuzzy observer is constructed to estimate unmeasurable states. Moreover, the bipartite containment control scheme for nonlinear MASs is designed. It is demonstrated that all signals in the closed-loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded and Zeno behavior is excluded. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the validity of the designed method.
Broadband dielectric characterization of flexible substrates using organic conductive polymer microstrip lines

The interest from both consumers and industry toward flexible and organic electronics has grown enormously due to the unique properties of the materials used (flexible, stretchable, reconfigurable, and not easily breakable). In radio frequency and electronic organic systems fabrication, one important feature is the substrate complex dielectric constant. Particularly, in the context of the development of printed organic electronics technology, one of the major challenges is the knowledge of the effect on substrates complex dielectric constant retrieval when using organic conductive materials instead of classical metals (gold, copper, etc). Indeed, the precision on the determination of this parameter depends also on the characteristics of the conductive material used for the characterization of the substrate. When looking to full polymer devices, it is important to evaluate the precision on the determination of the parameters of interest without using metallic structures for the tests. This paper presents the characterization of a substrate on which a conductive polymer, polyaniline (PANI) doped with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is deposited. The characterization technique is based on the well‐known 2 microstrip lines method. The microstrip lines, fabricated from PANI/MWCNTs, are processed on a substrate made of Kapton, which is a good candidate for flexible electronics. The extraction of the complex dielectric constant is made on the frequency range (1‐8 GHz).
Sensitivity Analysis of Photonic Integrated Direct-Detection Stokes-Vector Receiver

Direct-detection (DD) Stokes vector receiver (SVR) has rapidly gained interest for the high-speed datacenter and short-reach links, owing to its capability of recovering 3D optical signals without using expensive coherent detection. In order to reduce the size and cost of SVR, we have recently proposed and demonstrated a simple and compact device with single-ended photodetectors (S-PDs), which can be monolithically integrated on InP. In this paper, we provide comprehensive analysis on the receiver sensitivity for different SVR configurations. From rigorous theoretical investigations, we derive optimal design of SVR to maximize the sensitivity as well as explicit analytical expression of the bit-error-rate assuming an unamplified thermal-noise-limited case. From the obtained results, we find that the optimized 4-port S-PD-based SVR exhibits a moderate penalty of 2.1 dB with respect to the conventional more complicated SVR configuration based on 3-port balanced PDs. Since the proposed S-PD-based SVR can reduce the number of PDs, and requires neither a polarization-beam splitter nor precisely tuned optical interferometer, it may be an attractive candidate in realizing a low-cost and compact fully integrated DD-based receiver for the future >Tb/s short-reach systems, where the power budget is not the primary concern.
A new time scale for turbulence modulation by particles

A new time scale for turbulence modulation by particles is introduced. This time scale is inversely proportional to the number density and the radius of particles, and can be regarded as a counterpart of the phase relaxation time, an important time scale in cloud physics, which characterizes the interaction between turbulence and cloud droplets by condensation–evaporation. Scaling analysis and direct numerical simulations of dilute inertial particles in homogeneous isotropic turbulence suggest that turbulence modulation by particles with a fixed mass-loading parameter can be expressed as a function of the Damköhler number, which is defined as the ratio of the turbulence large-eddy turnover time to the new time scale.
Comparative mortality risk of anemia management practices in incident hemodialysis patients.

CONTEXT Controversy exists about optimal management of anemia in end-stage renal disease. OBJECTIVE To compare the mortality risk of different dialysis center-level patterns of anemia management. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Using data from Medicare's end-stage renal disease program (1999-2007), we characterized each US dialysis center's annual anemia management practice by estimating its typical use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and intravenous iron in hemodialysis patients within 4 hematocrit categories. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to correlate center-level patterns of ESA and iron use with 1-year mortality risk in 269,717 incident hemodialysis patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE One-year all-cause mortality. RESULTS Monthly mortality rates were highest in patients with hematocrit less than 30% (mortality, 2.1%) and lowest for those with hematocrit of 36% or higher (mortality, 0.7%). After adjustment for baseline case-mix differences, dialysis centers that used larger ESA doses in patients with hematocrit less than 30% had lower mortality rates than centers that used smaller doses (highest vs lowest dose group: hazard ratio [HR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-0.97). Centers that administered iron more frequently to patients with hematocrit less than 33% also had lower mortality rates (highest vs lowest quintile, HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.98). However, centers that used larger ESA doses in patients with hematocrit between 33% and 35.9% had higher mortality rates (highest vs lowest quintile, HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.12). More intensive use of both ESAs and iron was associated with increased mortality risk in patients with hematocrit of 36% or higher. These findings persisted across a range of secondary analyses. CONCLUSIONS Greater ESA and iron use were associated with decreased mortality risk at lower hematocrit levels, in which mortality rates are the highest. Although the overall mortality rate was lower at higher hematocrit levels, elevated mortality risk was associated with greater use of ESAs and iron in these patients.