Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Beach Morphodynamics in the Deep Burial of Fuel in Beaches

Abstract O Rostro beach was one of the most seriously affected beaches during the Prestige oil spill along the “Costa d'a Morte” in Galicia, Spain, in November 2002. More than 10,000 tons of residual material were removed from the beach, with a significant quantity of the oil buried in the sandy sedimentary column of the beach. Under sporadic wave conditions throughout the years, this situation made the clean-up activities very difficult. Among the reasons why a significant quantity of oil was buried in the beach are the following: first, the arrival of large quantities of oil to the beach; second, an elevated number of high wave energy storms with atypical sequence in direction; and third, the particular morphodynamic features in O Rostro Beach, which is an intermediate bayed beach with a stable middle-scale transversal bar-horn system that, interacting with the local dynamics, has a high capacity to bury oil in sand matrix (2 to 3 m deep). The information collected in the 3-year exhaustive monitoring plan (spring 2003 to summer 2006) in O Rostro Beach has provided better knowledge and comprehension of the processes involved in the interaction of the oil spill dynamics with the beach morphodynamics. Based on these field data, the zones with deeply buried oil were located; also, it was evidenced that 4 years after the oil spill, the buried oil degraded rapidly. A conceptual evolution model of the oil leaked to the beach is proposed, with the aim of explaining how and where the oil initially arrived, where it was buried in the sandy core, and how the oil has evolved physically and mixed with sand throughout the last several years. Based on the conceptual evolution model of the oiled substance, the morphodynamic characterization of the beach, and the field data collected, the clean-up activities have been optimized and significantly improved in O Rostro Beach.
Central Bank Independence and Inflation in India: The Role of Financial Development

Abstract Using a legal or de jure measure of central bank independence, the present study attempts to examine the impact of central bank independence (CBI) on the inflation in case of Indian economy over the period, 1991–1992 to 2018–2019. To ascertain the possible dependence of association on the institutional quality proxied by level of financial development, we incorporated a non-linear logistic smooth transition framework with ratio of private credit to GDP as an appropriate transition variable. We found a statistically significant regime dependency with respect to the impact of CBI on inflation. In both the short-run and long run, increase in value of CBI is found to increase inflation when the level of financial development is below threshold value, however, beyond this threshold, any increase in CBI would decrease it. The impact of other control variables like GDP growth, oil price inflation & lagged inflation is found to be positive and statistically significant. However, currency appreciation is found to lower inflation. Our findings signify an appreciable role for the degree of financial development in the transmission of central bank’s monetary policy stances to maintain low inflation.
Glacial–interglacial seawater isotope change near the Chilean Margin as reflected by δ2H values of C37 alkenones

Abstract. Stable hydrogen isotopic compositions of long-chain alkenones with 37 carbon atoms (δ2HC37) have been shown to reflect seawater salinity in culture and environmental studies, and this potential sea surface salinity proxy has been applied to several downcore records from different regions. However, previous studies were based solely on a single sediment core and often suggested unlikely large changes in salinity based on existing proxy calibrations. Here we present a new δ2HC37 record, in combination with oxygen isotopes of benthic foraminifera from the same samples, from a sediment core from the Chilean Margin (ODP Site 1235). The observed negative shift in δ2HC37 of 20 ‰ during the last deglaciation was identical to that of a previously published δ2HC37 record from the nearby, but deeper, ODP Site 1234, suggesting a regionally consistent shift in δ2HC37. This change translates into a negative hydrogen isotope shift in the surface seawater of ca. 14 ‰, similar to glacial–interglacial reconstructions based on other δ2HC37 records. The reconstructed bottom seawater oxygen isotope change based on benthic foraminifera during the last deglaciation is approximately −0.8 ‰, in line with previous studies. When translated into hydrogen isotopes of bottom seawater using the modern open-ocean water line, this would suggest a negative change of ca. 5 ‰, smaller than the reconstructed surface seawater shift based on alkenones. The larger change in surface water isotopes suggests that it experienced more freshening during the Holocene than bottom waters, either due to increased freshwater input, reduced evaporation, or a combination of the two.
CALIBRATING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SPECIES RICHNESS PATTERNS IN TROPICAL AMERICAN MARGINELLID GASTROPODS

Abstract Collectively, studies of the structure of Neogene diversity change in tropical American mollusks have lacked 1) species-level analyses within well-established clades; 2) consideration of abundance and sample size on diversity estimates and comparisons; and 3) geographic comparisons within temporal intervals. This study takes all three factors into consideration and compares Miocene to Recent species richness patterns in tropical American marginellid gastropod species within the clade Prunum+Volvarina. Rarefaction analyses of more than 16,000 specimens from more than 500 samples are used to standardize comparisons of species richness through time and space. Species richness in Prunum+Volvarina from the Miocene to the Recent of the Tropical Western Atlantic (TWA) is compared along a latitudinal gradient from north to south (Florida, the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela). Additionally, temporal patterns of diversity change are compared between the TWA and the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP: Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica). As is the case with most Neogene lineages, the number of marginellid specimens and samples differ significantly through both time and space. Rarefaction analyses of both specimens and samples indicate that: 1) significant geographic differences in species richness were detected between the Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Recent of the TWA; 2) temporal patterns of species richness were similar in the northern and southern TWA; 3) from the Miocene to the Recent, marginellid species richness in the TEP has always been significantly less than TWA diversity; and 4) from the Miocene to the Recent, TWA diversity decreased significantly, whereas TEP diversity was stable and low. Separate rarefaction analyses using the numbers of specimens and samples did not always produce concordant results and indicate that the unit of analysis influences estimates of species richness. Discordant specimen/sample rarefaction results may be a product of sample size. Intrinsic ecological and evolutionary differences do not appear to be primary contributors to differences in marginellid species richness between the TEP and TWA.
Parameter identification for conceptual modelling using combined behavioural knowledge

Improved methods for identification of conceptual parameter values are necessary if hydrological models are to be applied to catchments other than those to which they have been specifically calibrated. A technique has been devised to calculate conceptual parameter sets of a semi‐distributed hydrological model using a soil hydrological classification in addition to topographic data. The method is tested in this paper by converting multiple parameter sets, calibrated to two separate catchments, into parameter sets for a third catchment.
Positive Childhood Experiences and Depression Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model

Purpose In light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, mental health concerns have become more prevalent worldwide. However, there is a lack of research specifically addressing the mental well-being of college art students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among college music students and explore the factors that predict and alleviate these symptoms amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods An online survey was conducted among college music students (n = 407) from two universities at May 2022 in China. Self-report scales were used to measure levels of depression (Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale), positive childhood experiences (Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale), social support (Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), and regulatory emotional self-efficacy (Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale). Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to test the hypothesized effects of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and social support in the relationship between positive childhood experiences and depression. Results Results showed that, the prevalence of depression symptoms of the current study sample was 64.13%, positive childhood experiences had a significant and negative predictive effect on the depression of college music students, and the relation was partially mediated by regulatory emotional self-efficacy. Furthermore, social support moderated the relationship between positive childhood experiences and regulatory emotional self-efficacy, the relation was significant only for students with higher levels of social support, social support may enhance and amplify the positive impacts of positive childhood experiences on regulatory emotional self-efficacy. Conclusion The findings reveal a significant prevalence of depression among college music students during the COVID-19 epidemic, underscoring the seriousness of the issue. Moreover, this study contributes to a deeper comprehension of how positive childhood experiences alleviate depression among college music students. These insights hold potential for informing mental health education initiatives tailored to college art students in the post-pandemic era, offering valuable guidance for promoting their well-being and resilience.
Chemical geodynamics of Western Anatolia

We report major and trace element concentrations and Nd–Sr–Pb isotopic data of 10 post-collisional volcanic domains in Western Anatolia, a seismically active part of the Alpine–Himalayan belt in the Aegean extensional province. Our objective is to provide geochemical constraints for tectono-magmatic processes shaping the late Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of Western Anatolia. Calc-alkaline volcanic rocks occurring to the north of the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan suture zone show arc-like trace elements and isotopes and were formed by the melting of the metasomatized Neotethyan mantle-wedge; this process was facilitated by asthenospheric upwelling resulting from slab delamination. Calc-alkaline and alkaline volcanic rocks from within the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan suture zone also show the imprint of subduction fluids in their major and trace elements, but their isotopic compositions indicate derivation from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle followed by assimilation of ancient crust. Volcanics along the N–S-oriented Kirka–Afyon–Isparta trend were derived from the lithospheric mantle that was metasomatized by fluids from the older subduction of the African plate. Golcuk–Isparta volcanic rocks show an asthenospheric imprint; the latter was a consequence of upwelling following a tear in the subducting African lithosphere. Shoshonitic Kula volcanic rocks show very high trace element concentrations, OIB mantle-like trace elements, and Nd–Sr–Pb isotopic signatures, and were formed by partial melting of the upwelling asthenospheric mantle; this event was synchronous with the Aegean extension and possibly also with slab window formation due to ruptures in the African plate. Inherent in the above chemical geodynamic models are the high ϵNd(0) values (+6.4) of the end-member volcanic rocks, implying the presence of an asthenospheric source beneath Western Anatolia that is responsible for the currently observed high heat flow, low Pn wave velocities, high seismicity, and tectonic activity.
The Retroflection of the Agulhas Current

Abstract A description of the nature and kinematics of the Agulhas Current termination is given based on satellite infrared imagery and selected hydrographic measurements collected over the past decade. On average the Agulhas retroflection lies between 16° and 20°E longitude and has a loop diameter of 340 km. During the period of the investigation the retroflection loop protruded into the South Atlantic at intervals of slightly more than one month, shedding a pinched-off Agulhas ring with a diameter of about 320 km at its most westerly extension. Rings drift away at about 12 cm s−1 and can be observed by their distinctive thermal characteristics at the sea surface as far west as 5°E and as far south as 46°S, well south of the subtropical convergence. The shedding rate of rings and their subsequent drift may play an important role in the dynamics of the South Atlantic Ocean.
Relationships between Recent Pan-Arctic Snow Cover and Hydroclimate Trends

AbstractUsing the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model forced with gridded climatic observations, the authors reproduce spatial and temporal variations of snow cover extent (SCE) reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Northern Hemisphere weekly satellite SCE data. Both observed and modeled North American and Eurasian snow cover in the pan-Arctic have statistically significant negative trends from April through June over the period 1972–2006. To diagnose the causes of the pan-Arctic SCE recession, the authors identify the role of surface energy fluxes generated in VIC and assess the relationships between 15 hydroclimatic indicators and NOAA SCE observations over each snow-covered sensitivity zone (SCSZ) for both North America and Eurasia. The authors find that surface net radiation (SNR) provides the primary energy source and sensible heat (SH) plays a secondary role in observed changes of SCE. As compared with SNR and SH, latent heat has only a minor infl.
Anuran and Squamate Remains from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Charentes, Western France

ABSTRACT New remains of an anuran and various squamate reptiles have been recovered from Cenomanian paralic deposits of Charentes (southwestern France). Remains are not abundant, yet they make up one of the most diverse Cenomanian assemblages and the most diverse one from Europe. Nine or 10 taxa are present. Precise taxonomic assignment of most of them is not always possible, even at family level; however, the mosasauroid Carentonosaurus mineaui, the snake Simoliophis rochebrunei, as well as a possible dolichosaurid lizard are identified. At least two taxa are new, but they cannot be named on the basis of the available material. Among the fossils are an anuran and terrestrial lizards that rank among the very scarce ones from the Cenomanian. In addition, three distinct snakes are among the oldest ones. The faunas from the Cenomanian of Charentes are mixtures of terrestrial and predominantly marine taxa.
Sediment variability and bed material sampling in gravel-bed rivers

In a 350 m wide reach of the braided, gravel-bed Ashley River, the surface layer of the bed material was sampled in 141 areas of homogeneous graded sediment along seven cross-sections, and 30 kg bulk samples were collected at 86 randomly selected locations along the cross-sections. At one location, a single 854 kg sample composed of 28 subsamples was also collected. Analysis of the single large sample indicate that accurate determination of mean grain size D at that site requires, desirably, a sample of ∼ 100 kg, but that samples in which the weight of the largest stone is less than 5 per cent of the total weight have unbiased estimates of D. Spatial variability of bulk material is such that 228 and 50 samples are needed to estimate D to ± 10 and ± 20 per cent respectively of the true value; requirements for estimating inclusive graphic standard duration are only 11 and 3 respectively. The grain-size distribution of the surface layer is only weakly related to the bulk material beneath. The results of ‘Wolman sampling’ along 12 cross-sections at two pace intervals (average 120 stones per cross-section) indicate that estimation of overall surface D to ±10 and ±20 per cent would require sampling along 64 and 14 cross-sections respectively. It is concluded that accurate characterization of bed sediment in gravel-bed rivers is very demanding of labour and resources, and that careful planning is needed to ensure efficiency and meaningful results.
Assessing Targeted Longer-Term Refinancing Operations: Identification Through Search Intensity

We evaluate the eﬀects of targeted credit injections of the central bank in the euro area. The aggregate policy impacts of credit easing on ﬁnancial markets, bank lending and key macroeconomic variables are measured with a novel identiﬁcation approach based on high-frequency web search data. Our results suggest that the targeted longer-term reﬁnancing operations of the European Central Bank between 2014 and 2021 eased credit conditions in ﬁnancial markets and had economically and statistically signiﬁcant positive eﬀects on GDP growth, bank lending and ﬁrm investment
Orbital, ice-sheet, and possible solar forcing of Holocene lake-level fluctuations in west-central Europe: A reply to Magny

In his comment on Bleicher (2013) Magny presents a revised version of his score method and reaffirms that it can prove a possible influence of solar activity on Central European lake levels. He also stresses the diagnostic value of archaeological lake site settlements. This paper points at methodological problems that are not yet resolved in the revised version. Since there is great consensus that not only is the the Sun a primary forcing factor in the climate’s system, but also that its effect cannot be expected to be linear for all of the Holocene, the use of the score record is questioned. The proposed relation between archaeological lake site settlements and solar activity is shown to be doubtful.
Research progress of Claudin-low breast cancer

Claudin-low breast cancer (CLBC) is a subgroup of breast cancer discovered at the molecular level in 2007. Claudin is one of the primary proteins that make up tight junctions, and it plays crucial roles in anti-inflammatory and antitumor responses as well as the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance. Decreased expression of claudin results in the disruption of tight junction structures and the activation of downstream signaling pathways, which can lead to tumor formation. The origin of Claudin-low breast cancer is still in dispute. Claudin-low breast cancer is characterized by low expression of Claudin3, 4, 7, E-cadherin, and HER2 and high expression of Vimentin, Snai 1/2, Twist 1/2, Zeb 1/2, and ALDH1, as well as stem cell characteristics. The clinical onset of claudin-low breast cancer is at menopause age, and its histological grade is higher. This subtype of breast cancer is more likely to spread to lymph nodes than other subtypes. Claudin-low breast cancer is frequently accompanied by increased invasiveness and a poor prognosis. According to a clinical retrospective analysis, claudin-low breast cancer can achieve low pathological complete remission. At present, although several therapeutic targets of claudin-low breast cancer have been identified, the effective treatment remains in basic research stages, and no animal studies or clinical trials have been designed. The origin, molecular biological characteristics, pathological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of CLBC are extensively discussed in this article. This will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of CLBC and serve as the foundation for the individualization of breast cancer treatment.
Distribution and Drug Resistance of Bacterial Infection in Hospitalized Patients at the Respiratory Department before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Guangzhou, China

Since COVID-19 might have a lasting impact on global public health, it is crucial to analyze its effect on drug-resistant bacterial infections in the respiratory system for the prevention and control of hospital infections. This work aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the clinical distribution and antibiotic resistance of bacterial infection among hospitalized patients in the respiratory unit in order to establish strategies to control antibiotic-resistant infections. Electronic clinical data registry records from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 36,829 clinical specimens, including sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood, and urine, were collected from 16,073 patients admitted to the Guangzhou First People’s Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. Among them, 2209 samples were culture-positive. The bacterial isolation rates of different types of samples showed a similar trend from 2019 to 2022, with an increase in 2020 and 2022 and a decrease in 2021. Different bacterial species were separated from different types of samples. The most reported pathogens were identified in sputum samples. Gram-positive isolates were prevalent in urine samples, while Gram-negative bacilli were the predominant pathogenic bacteria isolated from respiratory tract and blood samples. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) complex, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) were the most abundant Gram-negative bacteria in sputum samples, of which A. baumannii complex had the highest resistance to all tested antibiotics except colistin. Notably, there has been a substantial prevalence of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae in the past five years. This alarming situation calls for greater attention and precaution with prescribed antibiotics to limit the generation and spread of new multidrug-resistant bacteria and improve therapeutic management.
Tethered Disparities: Adolescent Smartphone Use in Rural and Urban China

The pervasive penetration of the smartphone has disproportionately affected adolescents and youth more than any other sociodemographic group. Inspired by the conceptual framework of the digital divide in internet use, this research aims to interrogate the multi-dimensional aspects of disparities in smartphone use among teens in China. Measurement was developed to assess the first-, second-, and third-level divide as manifested in smartphone access and engagement in a variety of activities, different skill sets, and myriad outcomes and consequences. Results from a cross-sectional survey of 1,511 at-school teens show various patterns of divide along the lines of age, gender, and rural/mid-sized-city/metropolitan location.
Involving the public in local air pollution assessment: a citizen participation case study

The central theme of this paper is that the assessment of environmental issues requires citizen participation for several reasons, including access to local knowledge, quality assurance and to reveal values and agendas. One methodology for involving the public is presented, based around the case of air pollution assessment in Sheffield. The study procedure of using citizen groups is described, and an analysis of the material from the groups is given. The final section argues that group discussions can be an appropriate methodology for involving the public in environmental assessment, and that the participants were able to comment on the validity and quality of such technical activities as continuous monitoring and computer modelling of air pollution in an urban environment.