Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deterministic Modeling of Bromide Tracer Transport During the Tracer/Time-Lapse Radar Imaging Test at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site in August, 2001

Contaminant transport and remediation strategies are based on knowledge of site specific parameters and states (e.g., hydraulic conductivity, porosity, hydraulic gradient, plume density). Often little is known in detail about these parameters or states and their spatial distributions. This uncertainty can introduce inaccuracies and errors in transport predictions. This thesis is a deterministic approach to reducing this uncertainty for transport of bromide, a conservative tracer, in a heterogeneous unconfined fluvial aquifer in a natural environment through a series of numerical simulations of the tracer test conducted at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site (BHRS) in 2001. In particular, the investigation progresses from initial one-dimensional analytical modeling to threedimensional numerical modeling that examines the influences of boundary conditions, heterogeneity (including consideration of hydraulic conductivity, porosity, and dispersivity), plume density effects, and evapotranspiration on bromide breakthrough behavior that was measured at multiple levels in a sampling well ~4 m down-gradient from the tracer injection well. Analytical modeling provided initial estimates of average hydraulic conductivity and longitudinal dispersivity. Two approaches were used to numerically model the flow during the tracer test: (1) uniform gradient (simple boundaries) approach; and (2) complex boundaries approach. The uniform gradient approach included boundaries that defined a uniform regional hydraulic gradient through the BHRS. The complex
A bivariate spectral linear partition method for solving nonlinear evolution equations

This work develops a method for solving nonlinear evolution equations. The method, termed a bivariate spectral linear partition method (BSLPM), combines the Chebyshev spectral collocation method, bivariate Lagrange interpolation, and a linear partition technique as an underlying linearization method. It is developed for an th‐order nonlinear differential equation and then used to solve three known evolution problems. The results are compared with known exact solutions from literature. The method's applicability, reliability, and accuracy are confirmed by the congruence between the numerical and exact solutions. Tables, error graphs, and convergence graphs were generated using MATLAB (R2015a), to confirm the order of accuracy of the method and verify its convergence. The performance of the method is also observed against other methods performing well in these types of differential equations and is found to be comparable in terms of accuracy. The proposed method is also efficient as it uses minimal computation time.
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algorithms are indicated. B . Odds ratio that was recalculated based using an arbitrary cut-off of 95% loss of function was unchanged and highly significant, indicating that the vast majority patients with XFS carried the most severe loss of function alleles. C . Retrospective tracking of heterozygous carriers of the G204E alleles in the Japanese population found that carriers were 6 times more likely to progress to blindness. Tracking of carriers of this allele and other severe loss of function alleles in other populations is needed to confirm whether these alleles could be clinically actionable and whether carriers should be subjected to early clinical intervention. More data is also needed to establish the extent of loss of function that is needed for XFS to manifest .
Analysis of quality indicators in an adult Intensive Care Unit: a descriptive study

Objective: To analyze the results of quality indicators in healthcare assistance monitored in an adult intensive care unit. Method: A descriptive study with a retrospective analysis of the indicator reports from an adult intensive care unit. Results: Of the 33 indicators, nine are related to the overall functioning of the unit, with a low readmission rate within 24 hours (0.8%). Fourteen indicators are related to invasive devices, with a predominance of use for indwelling urinary catheters (63.2%), peripheral venous catheters (59.8%), and nasogastric/nasoenteric tubes (50.0%). Six indicators pertain to non-infectious incidents, highlighting pressure ulcer incidence (5.2%), obstruction (2.7%), and removal of nasogastric/nasoenteric tubes (2.3%). Additionally, four indicators address infectious incidents, with a significant incidence density of ventilator-associated pneumonia (37.8 per 1000 patient days). Conclusion: Positive aspects were observed, such as a predominance of hospital discharges and low readmission rates, while negative aspects included incidents.
Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance and Acquisition Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance and Acquisition Outcomes Outcomes

We examine the effect of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance (D&O insurance) on the outcomes of merger and acquisition (M&A) decisions. We find that acquirers whose executives have a higher level of D&O insurance coverage experience significantly lower announcement-period abnormal stock returns. Further analyses suggest that acquirers with a higher level of D&O insurance protection tend to pay higher acquisition premiums and their acquisitions appear to exhibit lower synergies. The evidence provides support for the notion that the provision of D&O insurance can induce unintended moral hazard by shielding directors and officers from the discipline of shareholder litigation.
Discrete Snaking: Multiple Cavity Solitons in Saturable Media

A one-dimensional lattice equation is studied that models the light field in an optical system comprised of a periodic array of optical cavities pumped by a coherent light source. The model includes effects of linear detuning, linear and nonlinear dissipation, and saturable nonlinearity. A wide variety of different parameter regions are studied in which there is bistability between low-power and high-power spatially homogeneous steady states. By posing the steady problem as a time-reversible four-dimensional discrete map, it is shown that temporal stability of these states is a necessary condition for the existence of spatially localized modes. Numerical path-following is used to find both so-called bright solitons (whose core is at a higher intensity than the tails) and grey solitons (with nonzero lower intensity tails), whose temporal stability is also computed. Starting from the case of focusing nonlinearity in the continuum limit and with energy conservation, the effects of dissipation and spatial dis.
Hydrogeochemistry of the Pidong Crater Lake, Jos Plateau Volcanic Province, Nigeria: Constraints on Chemical Elements Sources

The occurrence and recurrence of floating ‘mat’ vegetation around the Pidong Crater Lake and intermittent change in the color of the lake water from natural blue to brown-yellowish color call for a better understanding of the factors controlling these biological and physico-chemical changes. As a result of these changes, a hydrogeochemical monitoring regime was employed where the lake water samples were collected and analyzed on a monthly basis over a period spanning for 3 years. The hydrogeochemical results for the lake water when plotted in the piper trilinear diagram display predominantly Mg-Ca-HCO3 type with minor water types of Na-K-HCO3, Na-K-Cl and Na-K-SO4 types (≤ 20%), suggesting a derivation from water-rock interaction processes (hydrolysis). The visible dominance of the alkali earth metals (Mg + Ca) over the alkali metals (Na + K) is expected from a basaltic host rock aquifer due to the dissolution of its constituent ferromagnesian minerals and plagioclase respectively. The general depletion of LILE (Ba, Rb, Sr) (1–10 x Chondrite) and that of High Strength Elements (HSE) (Nb-Yb) (0.001 to <1 Chondrite values) suggest that these elements are from sources (basaltic rocks) highly depleted in these elements. Study of Oxygen-18 (δ O) and Deuterium (δH) study of the lake water shows that it is of meteoric origin and of relatively recent age (230 ± 30 yrs. before present). The increase in PCO2 in the lake water triggers the increase in Fe concentration (335 ppb to 429 ppb) which is manifested by the sporadic color change and increased acidity in the lake from pH 7.35 to pH < 6.71.
Dimensionality-Varying Diffusion Process – Supplementary Material – Overview

Overview This supplementary material is organized as follows. First, we will give proofs and derivations in Sec. A. In Sec. B, we will give more details on the implementation of DVDP. In Sec. C, we will show that our DVDP can be further accelerated with DDIM sampling method [5]. Then, we will demonstrate the compatibility with latent diffusion models [4] in Sec. D. Finally, additional comparisons with subspace diffusion [2] will be given in Sec. E.
Alteration of Coarse-Grained Fe and Fe,Ni Sulfides in the Mighei CM2 Carbonaceous Chondrite: Evidence for the Instability of Primary Pyrrhotite-Pentlandite Grains During Aqueous Alteration

Introduction: Details of the complexity of aqueous alteration processes in CM chondrites have come from a variety of different mineralogical and isotopic studies. These studies have focused on understanding the progressive sequence of alteration observed in CM2 chondrites [1-4]. Mineralogically, this sequence is defined first by the alteration of Fe,Ni metal, chondrule mesostasis and later by the pseudomorphic replacement of primary chondrule silicates by hydrous phases such as Mg-Fe serpentine. A key aspect of the alteration of CM chondrites that is currently poorly understood concerns the role of sulfides in the alteration sequence. The general viewpoint is that primary sulfides, such as troilite, are altered early [5] and are involved in reactions that result in the formation of a major phase in CM chondrites, tochilinite. Other sulfide phases such as pentlandite and pyrrhotite are also considered to be of secondary origin and may have formed by replacement of troilite and/or metal [5,6,7,8]. However, we have recently shown that pentlandite and pyrrhotite that is primary in origin and is derived from type IIA chondrules [9,10] are the most common coarse-grained sulfide phases in the weakly altered CM chondrite TIL 91772. Our more recent investigations [11] also show that similar sulfides are present in Crescent, another CM chondrite that exhibits a relatively modest degree of alteration. In this study, we describe SEM and TEM observations of similar coarse-grained sulfides from the moderately altered CM2 chondrite Mighei, which show clear evidence that they are unstable during aqueous alteration and are undergoing the earliest stages of replacement. The behavior of these sulfides has potential to provide a sensitive indicator of aqueous alteration of CM2 chondrites. Techniques: A thin section of the CM chondrite Mighei was studied with SE and BSE imaging using a FEI Quanta 3D FEGSEM. Individual sulfide grains were located using mineralogical modal abundance maps collected using a QEMSCAN instrument as described by [1]. A total of 10 composite pyrrhotitepentlandite grains were studied, ranging in size from 20 > 50 μm in size. Qualitative EDS spectra were obtained from individual grains using an EDAX Apollo 40 SDD EDS detector. Electron-transparent FIB sections for TEM analysis were prepared from individual sulfide grains using a FEI Quanta 3D DualBeam® FEGSEM/FIB. The FIB-prepared samples were removed from the thin sections using the in situ lift out technique with an Omniprobe 200 micromanipulator. Results: The composite pyrrhotite-pentlandite grains in Mighei are textural similar to those in Mighei. They typically occur as either isolated grains in the matrix (Figure 1) or within type IIA chondrules. Volumetrically the grains are dominated by pyrrhotite, Pentlandite grains, 5-20 microns always occur on the periphery of the pyrrhotite grains, but are clearly an integral part of the composite grain. Sometimes, the
Review of the consensus and asymmetric quality of research on human-induced climate change

Climate science is a massively interdisciplinary field with different areas understood to varying degrees. One area that has been well understood for decades is the fundamental fact that humans are causing global warming. The greenhouse effect has been understood since the 1800s, and subsequent research has refined our understanding of the impact of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases on the planet. Also increasing has been the consensus among the world’s climate scientists that the basic principles of anthropogenic global warming (AGW) are correct. This has been demonstrated by multiple reinforcing studies that the consensus of scientists on the basic tenets of AGW is nearly unanimous. Nevertheless, the general public in many countries remains unconvinced not only of the existence of AGW, but also of the degree of scientific consensus. Additionally, there remain a few high-profile scientists who have continued to put forth alternative explanations for observed climatic changes across the globe. Here, we summarize research on the degree of agreement amongst scientists and we assess the quality of scholarship from the contrarian scientists. Many major contrarian arguments against mainstream thinking have been strongly challenged and criticized in the scientific literature; significant flaws have often been found. The same fate has not befallen the prominent consensus studies.
Resilience In The Face Of Starvation: Coping Strategies for Food Security among Women in Kenya

Food insecurity in Kenya has been a big challenge amongst many households. In the pursuit of family survival in situations where the family granaries are empty, women are known to bear the most responsibility in ensuring that family members do not starve to death. The key question is how they cope in such situations despite high poverty levels and marginalization in society. The framework of focus was Article 43 (1)(c) of the Constitution of Kenya (2010), which states that “everybody should be free from hunger at all times, and have food of acceptable quality”. Nevertheless, despite this recognition, more than 10 million Kenyans continue to experience chronic hunger – some to the point of starvation and death, particularly in the arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya. This paper, therefore, seeks to examine the coping strategies adopted by women when threatened by food shortages. It also explores the models of resilience and adaptation to hunger amongst 597 women in 15 counties in Kenya. The data was collected by the African Women ‟ s Study Centre (University of Nairobi) using both quantitative and qualitative methods with a key purpose to document their experiences in food security. The results revealed that women depend on various coping strategies and it is anticipated that these findings can be used to inform future policies and programmes for interventions on food insecurity
Geology and Eruptive History of the Late Oligocene Nathrop Volcanics, Central Colorado Volcanic Field

Dr. Kurt Panter, Advisor The Nathrop Volcanics consist of rhyolite lava and pyroclastic deposits located on the eastern shoulder of the upper Arkansas Graben in south-central Colorado and are part of the extensive late Eocene-Oligocene Central Colorado Volcanic Field. Deposits of the Nathrop Volcanics at Ruby Mountain consist of a lower lithic-rich lapilli tuff (ca. 3 m thick) with multiple layers that are reversely graded with respect to pumice clasts and are overlain by an approximately 30 m thick lithic-poor tuff breccia containing pumice blocks up to 1 m in diameter. The upper portion of the tuff breccia transitions up into a 5 m thick, moderately to densely welded tuff (vitrophyre), which in turn is overlain by a 20 m thick flow-banded rhyolite. A similar stratigraphic sequence is found at Sugarloaf Mountain (<1 km to the NNE), and also portions of the sequence crop out as faulted and eroded blocks in the valley between the two mountains. These deposits have been interpreted as being formed by exogenic lava dome growth; pyroclastic facies (fall overlain by flow) followed by lava extrusion. This study considers three possible scenarios to explain the origin and geometry of these deposits. Pivotal to these scenarios is the explanation for the cause of welding and stratigraphic position of the vitrophyre. The three models are: 1) the flow-banded rhyolite was erupted as a lava immediately after the pyroclastic flow (tuff breccia) which caused the welding; 2) the tuff breccia and flow-banded rhyolite are not from the same eruptive episode and welding occurred in a thick pyroclastic flow that subsequently was eroded down to the level of the more resistant vitrophyre followed by eruption of the rhyolite as a lava flow; and 3) the whole sequence represents a single short-lived eruptive event in which the pyroclasts accumulated rapidly
Investigation of the effects of halogenated organic compounds produced in cooling systems and process effluents on aquatic organisms

Both public health and environmental concern have been generated by the identification of an assemblage of halogenated organic compounds produced in the chlorination of drinking water, sewage, and power plant cooling waters. Our objectives were to determine which compounds contributed significantly to the toxicity of such chloro-organic mixtures and whether significant interaction occurred. Toxicity studies were conducted using the embryo of the carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the cladoceran Daphnia pulex. Data are presented from studies of survival time, reproduction, and teratogenesis following exposure of various growth stages to three synthetic chloro-organic effluents in decade concentration steps from 10/sup -2/ mg/l to 100 mg/l of total organics plus controls. It seemed apparent that the chlorinated phenols in the mixtures were responsible for the observed toxicity of the synthetic effluents.
Can the conservation attitudes and behvioural intentions of tourists to tropical forest be improved through biodiversity interpretation? A case study from Australia

This book offers conceptual and practical insights into the complex interactions between ecotourism and the natural environment, with consideration given to government policy, marketing by suppliers, consumer behaviour and visitor/environmental management. Illustrated by international case studies the roles of and interplay between tour operators, their clients, resource managers and local communities are examined. This creates a comprehensive and insightful overview of the factors that work for and against the achievement of environmental sustainability in and through ecotourism. The result is a critical examination of ecotourism and environmental sustainability that highlights ideas for best practice and proposes new directions for future research
Spatial divergence of living standards during the economic growth phase in the periphery: A case study of North Karelia

The advisability of an urban-centred growth strategy in sparsely populated parts of Europe has not been much analysed at micro-levels such as that of the postcode area. This paper investigates how regional disparities in living standards continued to increase during the technology-driven growth phase of 1993−2003, as exemplified by the case of North Karelia in Finland. Urban sprawl conveyed the spread effects of the rise in incomes, and the upsurge of living standards was concentrated in the neighbourhood of the provincial centre, Joensuu. Living standards faced a process of double divergence: between the central district of Joensuu and its commuter belt, and between the provincial core area and its hinterland, the latter consisting of rural areas and small towns dependent largely on natural resources. The spatial outcome of this socio-economic reorganization is a three-zone core-periphery pattern. As the economy grew, geographical shifts in wealth were consequences of the growth and mobility of certain social groups and strata. A wave of high living standards towards the outskirts of the provincial centre was generated by an expansion in commuting. The relative decline in living standards in the periphery was due to long-term rural decline and involved spatial restructuring. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Accessing the strong interaction between baryons and charged kaons with the femtoscopy technique at the LHC

The interaction between (cid:2) baryons and kaons/antikaons is a crucial ingredient for the strangeness S = 0 and S = − 2 sector of the meson–baryon interaction at low energies. In particular, the (cid:2) K might help in understanding the origin of states such as the (cid:4) ( 1620 ) , whose nature and properties are still under debate. Experimental data on (cid:2) –K and (cid:2) –K systems are scarce, leading to large uncertainties and tension between the available theoretical predictions constrained by such data. In this Letter we present the measurements of (cid:2) –K + ⊕ (cid:2) –K − and (cid:2) –K − ⊕ (cid:2) –K + correlations obtained in the high-multiplicity triggered data sample in pp collisions at √ s = 13 TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. The correlation function for both pairs is modeled using the Lednický–Lyuboshits analytical formula and the corresponding scattering parameters are extracted. The (cid:2) –K − ⊕ (cid:2) –K + correlations show the presence of several structures at relative momenta k ∗ above 200 MeV / c , compatible with the (cid:5) baryon, the (cid:4) ( 1690 ) , and (cid:4) ( 1820 ) resonances decaying into (cid:2) –K − pairs. The low k ∗ region in the (cid:2) –K − ⊕ (cid:2) –K + also exhibits the presence of the (cid:4) ( 1620 ) state, expected to strongly couple to the measured pair. The presented data allow to access the (cid:2) K + and (cid:2) K − strong interaction with an unprecedented precision and deliver the ﬁrst experimental observation of the (cid:4) ( 1620 ) decaying into (cid:2) K − . © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons .org /licenses /by /4 .0/). Funded by SCOAP 3 .
SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR LOCALLY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER

Surgical treatment for breast cancer has remained the primary modality for locoregional treatment, except in the case of locally advanced breast cancer. The surgical treatment is aimed at removing the tumor, achieving local control of the disease and obtaining enough tissue for pathohistological diagnosis and evaluation of breast cancer hormone receptor status. The assessment of local spread of the disease is of the utmost importance for surgical decision making.
Interfirm Mobility , Wages , and the Returns to Seniority and Experience in the U . S .

Interfirm Mobility, Wages, and the Returns to Seniority and Experience in the U.S. Much of the research in labor economics during the 1980s and the early 1990s was devoted to the analysis of changes in the wage structure across many of the world’s economies. Only recently, has research turned to the analysis of mobility in its various guises. From the life cycle perspective, decreased wage mobility and increased job instability, makes the phenomenon of increasing wage inequality more severe than it appears to be at first sight. In general, workers’ wages may change through two channels: (a) return to their firm-specific human capital (seniority); or (b) inter-firm wage mobility. Our theoretical model gives rise to three equations: (1) a participation equation; (2) a wage equation; and (3) an interfirm mobility equation. In this model the wage equation is estimated simultaneously with the two decision equations. We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to estimate the model for three education groups. Our main finding is that returns to seniority are quite high for all education groups. On the other hand, the returns to experience appear to be similar to those previously found in the literature. JEL Classification: C11, C15, J31, J63