Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantificação das áreas de preservação permanente e de reserva legal em propriedades da bacia do Rio Pomba-MG

Aiming at rendering effective the permanent preservation areas (PPAs) and legal reserve areas (LRA) in the rural properties to fulfill the legislation, it is extremely important to quantify and determine the percentage occupied by these areas in the rural properties as well as the role they play in the economic activities of the farmers. Thus, this project aimed to quantify the PPAs and LRA regarding the total area of the investigated rural properties. The existing area with native vegetation was also determined in each property and in the PPAs in compliance with the legislation. The sample was composed by 47 properties, stratified in six strata and using as a stratification criterion the size of each one of them. Data were collected using a GPS and quantification using the GIS ArcView 3.3. Based on the results, it was verified that the 47 studied properties occupy an area of 1.854. 35ha, of which, 811.35ha, referring to the 43.75% of the total, are APPs and ARLs, in compliance with the federal and state legislations. Moreover, only 21.09% of these areas show an appropriate land use, evidencing a non-fulfillment of the law and the need to implement effective corrective measures.
Biodegradation of soil‐applied endosulfan in the presence of a biosurfactant

Abstract Biodegradation of endosulfan isomers in soil‐applied and flask‐coated conditions was studied, by an isolated bacterial coculture. The degradation in soil‐applied form was 20–30% slower than in flask‐coated condition. Addition of a biosurfactant, isolated from Bacillus subtilis MTCC 1427, enhanced the rate of biodegradation by 30–45% in both the conditions. It also mobilized the residual endosulfan towards biodegradation, that otherwise remains undegraded.
Genetic diversity of the rice blast fungus in a disease nursery in Colombia

We determined DNA fingerprints and pathotypes on international differentials for 151 isolates of the rice blast fungus Pyricularia grisea that were collected from 15 rice cultivars at a blast disease breeding nursery in Santa Rosa, Colombia. The pathogen population expressed an extraordinarily high number (39) of pathotypes. DNA fingerprinting, using the P. grisea repetitive DNA sequence MGR586, identified 115 haplotypes that were partitioned into six discretely distinct genetic lineages. The mean genetic similarity within lineages was high, ranging from 92 to 98%. The mean similarity between lineages ranged from 17 to 85% [. ]
Fusobacterium polysaccharolyticum sp.nov., a gram-negative rod from the rumen that produces butyrate and ferments cellulose and starch.

Summary: A new Gram-negative, non-sporulating, rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium capable of fermenting cellulose and starch was isolated from the rumens of sheep fed supplemented maize stover diets. The organism fermented few carbohydrates, showing a preference for polysaccharides. The main acid products of carbohydrate fermentation were butyrate and formate. Acetate was utilized.
Profitability Development and Resource Reallocation: The Case of Sugar Beet Farming in Germany

Following the 2006 reform of the European Union sugar market, and in anticipation of the quota abolition, a reallocation of sugar production has occurred. Using a Lowe quantity index, we evaluate the productivity and profitability of sugar beet farming in Germany from 2004 to 2013. The results show that an increase in total factor productivity partly compensated for losses in terms of trade. Moreover, the contribution of production reallocation to sector productivity growth varied across regions with distinct ownership structures of sugar processing companies. These findings have implications for policy and industry, as it transitions to a liberalised market.
The Mammary Gland of the Mouse, during the Oestrous Cycle, Pregnancy and Lactation

While our knowledge of the changes taking place in the reproductive tract of the mouse during the different phases of the œstrous cycle is fairly complete, no detailed account of the changes in the mammary gland has been available. This paper is intended to provide such an account and max serve as a basis for further experimental work on mammary glands. No account of the mammary gland of the mouse has appeared in this country so far as we are aware, although scattered papers have appeared in America on the mammary gland of the rat, and comparison is made with the condition in this animal in the discussion at the end of this paper. No attempt has been made to deal with the detailed cytology of secretion, which has been worked out very fully by Da Fano (1922).
Effects of temperature on primary growth of alfalfa

Effects of temperature on the cumulative gain and distribution of dry matter are described for the primary growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cults Vernal and Moapa at an irradiance (400–700 nm) of 25 nE cm−2 s−1. Whole plant dry weights and leaf areas increased curvilinearly with time. Weight and area increments were faster, root-top weight increments were higher, and canopies were more erect, at 15/10 C and 20/15 C day/night temperatures than under warmer conditions. In contrast, rates of leaf, node, and flower production were slower at low temperatures. Differences between low and high temperatures were similar to those recorded in the field between first and third harvests in the cool humid zone of North America.
Effect of Different Sources and Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizers with and without Organic and Bio-fertilizers on Growth and Yield Components of Fennel Plants (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

Two field experiments were conducted in a newly reclaimed land at a private farm in Village No 8, El-Minia Governorate, Egypt during two successive seasons (2017/2018) to evaluate the effect of integrated nitrogen fertilizer sources with organic and bio-fertilization on growth and yield components of the fennel plant. The experiment was arranged in a split- split-plot design. The organic treatments (0.0 and 5.0 t compost t/fed.) were arranged in main plots, nitrogen treatments (0.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 80.0 kg N/fed.) as urea or ammonium sulphate were allocated in subplots and bio-fertilizer treatments (without and with) were applied in sub-sub plots. The main effects of compost, nitrogen fertilization and bio-fertilizer showed that the maximum values of plant height, dry weight/plant, number of branches/plant, number of mumble/plant, number of umbellule's/umble and 1000-fruits weight were attained under 5 t/fed compost, 80 kg N/fed as ammonium sulphate with bio-fertilizer. The results of the interaction among treatments indicated that combined 5.0 t compost /fed with 50 kg N/fed as ammonium sulphate and using bio-fertilizer exhibited the highest values of growth and yield components of fennel. Meanwhile, we can save about 30 kg N/fed by treated fennel plants with organic and bio-fertilizers without any reduction in vegetative growth.
Analysing temperature response of decomposition of organic matter

In order to analyse temperature effects on decomposition of organic matter, we tested the following hypothesis: Can an Arrhenius type of equation with constant parameter values for the temperature response of decomposer growth rate adequately describe decomposition of organic matter or must some additional properties be made functions of temperature? Possible temperature effects were analysed by aggregating data in different ways from an experiment with 14C‐labelled wheat material incubated in the laboratory at different temperatures and with soil materials collected from seven coniferous forest stands in Europe. Our analysis shows that it is possible to let all the temperature dependence reside in the decomposer growth rate. The analysis also supports the use of an Arrhenius type of equation for the temperature response of decomposer growth rate but with the parameters specific for each soil, or at least a distinction between organic and mineral horizons seems necessary.
Dok protein family members are involved in signaling mediated by the type 1 Fcϵ receptor

Aggregation of type 1 Fcϵ receptors (FcϵRI) on mast cells activates a biochemical cascade that culminates in secretion of inflammatory mediators, as well as in changes of cell morphology and adhesion properties. Some of the intracellular components involved in the early coupling events are still unidentified. Here we show that two adaptor proteins, downstream of tyrosine kinases (Dok)‐1 and Dok‐2, are involved in the FcϵRI coupling cascade in the rat mucosal‐type mast cells of the RBL‐2H3 line. Dok‐1 is found to be constitutively associated with the FcϵRI, even in untreated cells, and this interaction is not affected by this receptor's aggregation. Both Dok forms undergo a fast and relatively long‐term tyrosyl‐phosphorylation. This modification of Dok‐1 increases its association with RasGAP, suggesting that it is modulating Ras activity. Indeed, we further found that FcϵRI‐mediated Ras/Raf1/Erk signaling as well as the de novo synthesis of TNF‐α are markedly reduced in cells overexpressing Dok‐1. Moreover, FcϵRI clustering causes both Dok‐1 and Dok‐2 to become docking sites for other signaling molecules including Nck, CrkL and Cas. The latter proteins have been implicated particularly in regulation of the actin‐cytoskeletal reorganization. Hence Dok‐1/Dok‐2 may also be involved in the FcϵRI‐stimulated processes of cytoskeleton rearrangement required for cell adhesion, membrane ruffling and exocytosis.
Evidence of extended marine planktonic larval development in far-upstream populations of the river shrimp Macrobrachium ohione (Smith, 1874) from the Mississippi River

Coastal populations of Macrobrachium ohione (Smith, 1874) have been shown previously to be amphidromous, i.e., with adults living in fresh water but with marine larval development. Larval delivery to coastal estuaries in far-upstream populations seemed unlikely because of the distances involved. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis of freshwater larval development in far-upstream populations from the Mississippi River, near Vicksburg and Greenville, Mississippi. We compared the molting success of newly hatched stage-1 (non-feeding) to stage-2 (first feeding) zoeae when exposed to fresh water and salt water (15 ppt) treatments. In addition we also tested the duration of time larvae spent in fresh water or salt water prior to major larval mortality or larval molting. In all freshwater treatments, stage-1 larvae failed to molt to stage 2; in contrast, molting success in saltwater treatments was ∼99% and after 5-6 d of exposure to salt water all surviving larvae molted to stage 2. In freshwater treatments, there was a significant decline in larval survivorship after 3-5 of exposure to fresh water. Larval survivorship declined below 50% after 5 d of “freshwater drifting. ” These results suggest that far-upstream populations of M. ohione require saline environments to complete larval development. Alternate hypotheses (long-distance hatching migrations of females to and from the sea, inland brine springs producing low salinity larval nurseries, upstream population sinks) are proposed to explain the former existence of far-upstream populations.
Root Architecture of Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Trees in Relation to Post‐Mining Deep Ripping in Western Australia

This research aimed to investigate coarse root systems of Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) trees at a 13‐year‐old restored bauxite mine site in south‐western Australia. Excavations in an area with small trees (low‐quality site) revealed that deep ripping equipment failed to penetrate the cemented lateritic subsoil, restricting coarse roots (roots >5 mm in diameter) to the top 0.5 m of the soil profile, resulting in fewer (1,344 stems/ha) and smaller (mean height 4.5 m) Jarrah trees. An adjacent area within the same pit (high‐quality site), with a stand density of 3,256 stems/ha and a mean height of 8.0 m, had a kaolinitic clay subsoil which coarse roots penetrated to the average ripping depth (1.5 m). Trees at the low‐quality site did not penetrate the subsoil with their taproot, relying instead on a large number of lateral (5.3–8.0/tree) and sinker (12.0–16.5/tree) roots. Taproots of trees on crests at the high‐quality site also did not penetrate the subsoil, and in contrast to trees at the low‐quality site, they produced fewer lateral and sinker roots (2.3 and 2.0/tree, respectively). Taproots of trees in riplines at the high‐quality site directly penetrated the ripline and these trees also produced fewer lateral and sinker roots (5.0 and 3.7/tree, respectively) than those at the low‐quality site. Jarrah trees appear to have opportunistic root systems capable of responding to a variety of soil conditions encountered in the post‐mining landscape.
Propagation of mycotoxigenic fungi in maize stores by post-harvest insects

Maize pests feeding on grains can transmit with their movement fungi harmful to human and animal health. The aim of the present work was to study the immigration and the dynamics of storage pests in traditional African maize granaries and the fungal spectrum associated with these insects. Treatments were (i) maize cobs protected just after pollination with gauze and stored thereafter, and (ii) unprotected maize cobs as controls. Eight different species of insects were identified in stores. No Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) was found in ’protected’ maize during the 6 months of storage, but their mean number reached 239 individuals per kilogram after just 3 months of storage in the ’unprotected’ stores. Similarly, significantly more Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) were recovered from the unprotected than the protected maize treatment. Nine fungal species were found to be associated with the storage insects. On ’non-protected’ cobs the genus Fusarium (36.05%) was the most frequently identified, followed by Penicillium (23.50%), Rhizoctonia (5.65%) and Aspergillus (3.95%). On protected cobs, Rhizoctonia sp. was most frequent (16.76%), followed by Fusarium spp. (16.62%), Penicillium spp. (8.24%) and Aspergillus spp. (2.33%). The toxigenic species encountered were Aspergillus flavus Link, Aspergillus parasiticus Speare and Fusarium verticillioïdes (Sacc). Cathartus quadricollis (Guérin) appeared to carry more fungi towards the store, mainly Penicillium spp. (51.47%), Aspergillus spp. (46.56%) and Fusarium spp. (32.01%). Storage pests, in particular C. quadricollis and S. zeamais, play an important role in the contamination of maize with fungi, especially those that produce toxins.
Lignin and holocellulose relations during long-term decomposition of some forest litters. Long-term decomposition in a Scots pine forest. IV

We investigated the relative changes in celluloses and lignin during decomposition of leaf and needle litters and wood in field experiments. The litter came from two different forest systems: one in the United States and one in Sweden. We found that the fraction of holocellulose in the total lignocellulose (Q) during decomposition approached an asymptotic value at which the disappearance of both the chemical components proceeded at the same rate. Different litter types approached different asymptotic values of Q. Possible implications of the finding are discussed.
Genetic connections between dressage and show-jumping horses in Dutch Warmblood horses

Abstract During the last decades, the breeding practice within the Dutch Warmblood studbook (KWPN) has resulted in an increasing specialisation of horses into show-jumping (JH) and dressage (DH). The objective of this study was to describe the effect of the specialisation on the connectedness between the subpopulations of JH and DH horses registered by KWPN. The subpopulations comprised 23,800 JH horses and 18,125 DH horses, born between 1995 and 2009. Genetic similarity (GS), genetic pool in common (GCx) based on the marginal genetic contribution of common ancestors and coefficient of relationship (r) between and within subpopulations were analysed in three periods of time to describe changes in genetic connectedness between subpopulations. A decline in GS (0.97–0.45), GC0.5 (0.69–0.13) and r (0.018–0.014) in the recent years was observed. Both subpopulations have a common genetic pool; however, if the specialisation process continues, it will result in two unrelated (genetic) groups.
“Preparing Them for the Road”: African Migrant Parents’ Perceptions of Their Role in Their Children’s Career Decision-Making

There are numerous theories on parenting styles, however, they are Western-oriented and may not be applicable to collectivist non-Western societies. A qualitative study which utilised semi-structured interviews was conducted to explore the perceived parenting roles of 26 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) migrant parents (both humanitarian and professional migrants) in their children’s career pathways after they migrated to Australia. Data were analysed using grounded theory methods and this process facilitated the creation of a new framework to provide an in-depth understanding of how SSA parenting styles informed the migrant children’s career choices while living in Australia. The study revealed that most SSA migrant parents maintained their style of parenting as used in their home countries. Interestingly, some parents adapted their parenting styles due to their perceptions of changed circumstances within the host country. Other parents, who would normally be authoritative, became trustful due to their perceived lack of educational expertise to guide their children. Conversely, some other parents who would normally be authoritarian employed wily tactics in influencing their children’s decision, so as to circumvent the strict Australian legal framework around children’s rights. Irrespective of parenting style applied, all the parents aimed to either guide or direct their children’s educational and career development to ensure that they become economically productive adults. From the discourse of the SSA migrants’ perceptions of their parental role, we offer potential explanations for what underpins their parenting preferences and the rippling effects on their children’s career trajectories. Direction for areas of continued research are presented, and implications of the findings are discussed.
Distribution, population dynamics and habitat use of the lesser pouched rat, Beamys hindei

The lesser pouched rat, Beamys hindei Thomas 1909, is one of Africa's rarest and least known rodents, recorded only from a few localities in Kenya and Tanzania. The results of this study show that B. hindei is more widely distributed than previously thought and occurs at high densities in suitable habitat. It breeds throughout the year, but maintains relatively constant population densities as recruitment rates are low. On account of its ability to cache food, it is well adapted to seasonally dry forests where food is in short supply for part of the year. The need for suitable soil in which to construct its burrows and dense vegetation cover may partly account for its patchy distribution. Morphological data collected during this study provide no evidence for separating B. hindei from B. major and suggest that the differences previously recorded between the two forms may be actually due to clinal variation in size from north to south.
Development of Erect Plant Mutant with Improved Patchouli Alcohol in Patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.]

Abstract Gamma irradiation treatment (30 Gy) of stem cuttings with single leaf and an axillary bud of sexually sterile patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. ] has resulted in isolation of an erect plant mutant ‘PM-12’ with thick, dark green, illuminated and shiny leaves. This single plant with distinctly different morphology on vegetative propagation produced all erect plants with dark green shiny leaves. The radio mutant phenotype persisted over generations by stem cutting propagation. The essential oil quality profile of radio mutant revealed a significant higher percentage of patchouli alcohol, the main component of patchouli oil compared to its parental clone (60.3% against 47.8% in control). Creation of variability in patchouli alcohol content of the oil has more commercial viability because it imparts the patchouli oil a characteristic earthy piquant tenacious aroma.
Validation of moist and dry heat processes used for sterilization and depyrogenation during ampoules manufacturing

Pyrogens are fever-producing substances, which are metabolic products of microorganisms and most potent pyrogens are the endotoxins. Depyrogenation can be defined as the elimination of all pyrogenic substances which is an important part of the manufacture of sterile pyrogen free pharmaceutical products. This study compared between sterilization and depyrogenation using moist heat by autoclave, as well as dry heat. After incubation period (24 hours) at 55oC-60oC the color of Geobacillus stearothermophillus spores’ control vial which didn’t sterilized in autoclave changed from blue to yellow color representing the (+ve) result, while the other sterilized vials have no color change (-ve). In addition, all examined endotoxin containing ampoules showed gel formation (+ve) when examined by Limulus Amebocyte Lysate) LAL). All ampoule groups that have autoclaved for periods of 1 hour to 4 hours showed gel formation (+ve) after LAL test, while only the last group which have autoclaving periods of 5 hours (5 cycles) showed no gel formation (-ve). Sterility of vials that contained spores of Geobacillus stearothermophillus after dry heating at 250oC for 30 min showed no color change (-ve). In addition, LAL test for endotoxin containing ampoules after dry heating at 250oC for 30 min showed no gel formation representing -ve pyrogen. So, moist heat is effective in sterilization and not for depydrogenation, whereas, dry heat is effective in sterilization as well as for depyrogenation.
Mitochondrial DNA Variation among Anadromous Populations of Cisco (Coregonus artedii) as revealed by Restriction Analysis

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction analyses were done to test the hypothesis that river populations of anadromous cisco from James-Hudson Bays that exhibit life-history variations are reproductively isolated. MtDNA variation among 141 cisco (Coregonus artedii) from eight rivers was studied with eight hexameric, four multihexameric and one multipentameric restriction enzymes which generated a mean of 78 fragments per fish. Pair-wise sequence divergence estimates among the 19 mtDNA clones resolved were generally low but highly variable (mean: 0.52%, range: 0.08 to 1.03%). UPGMA and Wagner parsimony analysis revealed two major clonal groups which differed in diversity and geographic distribution; the more diversified (nucleon diversity index; 0.70) and less diversified (0.31) groups were twice as abundant in James and Hudson Bays, respectively. This suggests that cisco of James-Hudson Bays are derived from two glacial refugia and that they recolonized the area by two major postglacial routes. The frequenc.