Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation and path coefficient analysis in Grewia

The genotypic and phenotypic correlation and path analysis was studied in forty Grewia optiva families for morphometric and fodder quality parameters. In general, the magnitude of genotypic correlations was higher than phenotypic correlations. The genotypic correlation coefficients among different characters revealed that total fresh leaf biomass had significant positive association with plant height (0.263), estimated number of leaves (0.937), leaf area (0.783), fresh weight of 100 leaves (0.896), dry weight of 100 leaves (0.819), fodder yield (0.903) and ether extract (0.3501). The highest positive direct effect on total fresh leaf biomass was imposed by dry weight of leaves (0.627) followed by estimated number of leaves (0.537), leaf dry matter content (0.195), nitrogen free extract (0.095), crude fibre (0.075), leaf area (0.063), fodder yield (0.049), plant height (0.044), fresh weight of 100 leaves (0.037), crude protein (0.035), and total ash (0.027). Diameter had negative direct effect on total fresh leaf biomass (-0.029). On the basis of this study, a higher leaf biomass would be achieved through direct selection based on fresh weight of leaves, leaf area, plant height and diameter. On the basis of fodder quality traits, a higher leaf biomass would be achieved through direct selection based on ether extract, crude protein. Therefore, the current study is important in selection of traits of economic importance based on other characters, whose direct effect is not visible.
Investigating the factors affecting landscape adaptation with the heritage of the oil industry to achieve urban sustainability

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Abadan oil industry in Iran is very significant due to its various valuable layers as a part of national memory and identity. Therefore, to protect and reuse this industrial heritage, the adaptive reuse strategy by means of the landscape is considered. The purpose of this study is to achieve urban sustainability through a landscape adaptable to the oil industry heritage.METHODS: This research is descriptive-correlational and has been done through a survey. The statistical population of this research consists of pundits and experts of Abadan’s oil industry and the sample size is 88 people. In the analytical section, while using documentary studies, a questionnaire with 21 closed questions was used for data collection. After collecting the data, its validity and reliability were measured and confirmed.FINDINGS: In this study, the relations between nine environmental, historical, economic, social, cultural, policy, technology, physical, and infrastructure factors were measured as the factors affecting the landscape adaptable to the oil industry heritage.CONCLUSION: The results showed that the completion and facilitation of policies lead to the creation and strengthening of opportunities for cultural and social interactions in the industrial landscape. Also, the impact of physical factors on infrastructure, economic, and environmental leads to strengthening economic factors and infrastructure reuse in urban development. Findings indicated that the impact of environmental factors on economics and policy by using landscape leads to success in the mentioned fields.
From neural discourse parsing to content structuring : towards a large-scale data-driven approach to discourse processing

In this thesis, we propose novel approaches for supervised RST-style discourse parsing, as well as the methods for utilizing those discourse structures for the benefit of natural language generation. We demonstrate a significant improvement in discourse parsing accuracy on RST-DT and Instr-DT treebanks by incorporating silver-standard supervision. Furthermore, in line with theoretical and empirical connections between the discourse parsing and coreference resolution tasks, we find the evidence of improvement of discourse parsing accuracy on RST-DT when our proposed discourse parsing system is provided with coreference supervision from a coreference resolver trained on OntoNotes corpus. Finally, in extending our work to natural language generation, we demonstrate that our novel content structuring system utilizing silver-standard discourse structures outperforms text-only systems on our proposed task of elementary discourse unit ordering, a significantly more difficult version of sentence ordering task.
Investigation of Shear-Induced Exothermic Thermite Reaction in Al-Fe2O3 Epoxy Cast Composites

ABSTRACT Thermite composites are lightweight and high-strength multifunctional energetic structural materials with a high reaction energy. In this study, the shear induced reaction of Al-Fe2O3-epoxy thermite composites using a modified BAM Fallhammer tester is investigated. The standard BAM Fallhammer tester is modified for better transport of impact energy under low velocity impact conditions. The mean Al particle size and the volume ratio of Al to Fe2O3 are varied using the factorial design of experiments to find their effect on the reactivity. From the experimental results, we observed that the epoxy binder increases the reaction sensitivity of the thermite mixture. Also, the composites containing smaller sized Al particles exhibit increased reaction sensitivity, whereas the sensitivity of the composites containing larger Al particles is higher in the fuel-rich (non-stoichiometric) composition compared to the stoichiometric composition.
A mixed methods evaluation of Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) and Basic Life Support in Obstetrics (BLSO) in a resource-limited setting on the Thailand-Myanmar border [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Background: Short emergency obstetric care (EmOC) courses have demonstrated improved provider confidence, knowledge and skills but impact on indicators such as maternal mortality and stillbirth is less substantial. This manuscript evaluates Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) and Basic Life Support (BLSO) as an adult education tool, in a protracted, post-conflict and resource-limited setting. Methods: A mixed methods evaluation was used. Basic characteristics of ALSO and BLSO participants and their course results were summarized. Kirkpatrick’s framework for assessment of education effectiveness included: qualitative data on participants’ reactions to training (level 1); and quantitative health indicator data on change in the availability and quality of EmOC and in maternal and/or neonatal health outcomes (level 4), by evaluation of the post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) related maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and stillbirth rate in the eight years prior and following implementation of ALSO and BLSO. Results: 561 Thailand-Myanmar border health workers participated in ALSO (n=355) and BLSO (n=206) courses 2008-2020. Pass rates on Open Peer Review Reviewer Status AWAITING PEER REVIEW Any reports and responses or comments on the article can be found at the end of the article. Page 1 of 16 Wellcome Open Research 2021, 6:94 Last updated: 05 MAY 2021
Sovereign Debt Standstills, WP/20/290, December 2020

As a response to economic crises triggered by COVID-19, sovereign debt standstill proposals emphasize debt payment suspensions without haircuts on the face value of debt obligations. We quantify the effects of standstills using a standard default model. We find that a one-year standstill generates welfare gains for the sovereign equivalent to a permanent consumption increase of between 0.1% and 0.3%, depending on the initial shock. However, except when it avoids a default, the standstill also implies capital losses for creditors of between 9% and 27%, which is consistent with their reluctance to participate in these operations and indicates that this reluctance would persist even without a free-riding or holdout problem. Standstills also generate a form of “debt overhang” and thus the opportunity for a “voluntary debt exchange”: complementing the standstill with haircuts could reduce creditors’ losses and simultaneously increase welfare gains. Our results cast doubts on the emphasis on standstills without haircuts. JEL Classification Numbers: F34, F41
Diffusion Data in Silicate Melts

Atomic scale diffusion in silicate melts plays a critical role in a variety of magmatic processes, as long recognized by geologists (Bowen 1921). Geochemists have investigated diffusion in silicate melts (including stable liquids and supercooled liquids and glasses) using a variety of methods as micro-analytical tools becoming available (e.g., Medford 1973; Jambon and Carron 1976; Magaritz and Hofmann 1978a,b; Hofmann 1980; Shimizu and Kushiro 1984; Zhang et al. 1991a; Koepke and Behrens 2001; Saal et al. 2008). The investigations were aimed at understanding the mechanisms of diffusion, the effect of temperature, pressure, H2O content, f O2, and more generally melt composition on the diffusivities, and to measure the diffusivity values for geological applications. A large database is now available. This chapter reviews diffusion data relevant to magmatic systems. The large body of literature on diffusion in simple-system melts, of interests to glass and ceramic scientists, is not included in this review, nor are the calculated diffusivities from ab initio and molecular dynamics methods. This review covers literature diffusion data (except multicomponent diffusion matrix data, and those of H, C, O and noble gases) in multicomponent silicate melts (the term melts as used in this chapter also includes glasses), including melts with mineral compositions and including glasses. This chapter complements the other chapters on diffusion in silicate melts, which cover H, C and O diffusion (Zhang and Ni 2010, this volume), noble gas diffusion (Behrens 2010, this volume), theories and models of self and tracer diffusion (Lesher 2010, this volume), and multicomponent diffusion (Liang 2010, this volume). We have compiled experimental data on self, tracer and effective binary diffusion in Online Supplementary Table 1 (found at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/RIM ), with about 3600 entries of individual diffusivity …
The GBB index: A proposal to measure the gender balance on company boards

How to cite this paper: Guedes, M. J., & Casaca, S. F. (2021). The GBB index: A proposal to measure the gender balance on company boards [Special issue]. Journal of Governance & Regulation, 10(2), 249–257. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv10i2siart6 Copyright © 2021 The Authors This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
Formaldehyde, Formalin, Paraformaldehyde And Glutaraldehyde: What They Are And What They Do

Aldehydes are the most commonly used fixatives. They serve to stabilize the fine structural details of cells and tissues prior to examination by light or electron microscopy. Research workers, technicians, pathologists and others who regularly use aldehyde fixatives frequently do not appreciate the nature and properties of these compounds or the reasons for choosing to fix a specimen in formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or a mixture of the two. Misconceptions are widespread also about formalin and paraformaldehyde, the commercial products from which formaldehyde-containing solutions are made.
Rapid and Simple PCR Assay for Quantitation of Human

A method for quantitating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 plasma viremia may be useful in monitoring disease progression and the responsiveness of patients to a therapeutic regimen or vaccine. A quantitative assay for viral RNA in plasma or sera that differs in several aspects from those reported previously was developed. First, whereas conventional reverse transcriptase-PCR assays involve a two-step process and use two enzymes, the method described uses a single enzyme, rTth DNA polymerase, for both reverse transcription and PCR. The reactions are carried out in a single tube and with a single buffer solution with uninterrupted thermal cycling. Second, uracil-N-glycosylase and dUTP are incorporated into the reaction mixtures to ensure that any carryover of DNA from previous amplifications will not compromise quantitation. Third, a quantitation standard is incorporated into each reaction mixture so that differences in amplification efficiency caused by sample interferents, variability in reaction conditions, or thermal cycling can be normalized. To ensure comparable amplification efficiency, the quantitation standard has the same primerbinding regions as the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 target and generates an amplified product of the same size and base composition. The probe-binding region was replaced with a sequence that can be detected separately. Fourth, a colorimetric detection format was modified to provide at least a four-log-unit dynamic range. The quantitative assay requires only a single amplification of the sample and can be completed in less than 8 h. The procedure was used on archival samples to demonstrate the viremic spike in acute infection and the suppressed levels of circulating virus following seroconversion.
Influence of pre-emergence and post-emergence of herbicide on weed parameters, growth and yield attributes of blackgram: A review

Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is one of the important pulse crops grown in India under wide range of agro-climate zones which belong to the family “Leguminoseae”. It can be cultivated in all the seasons, but most of the area is in Kharif cultivation with irrigated condition. The importance of weed control measure in blackgram is emphasized by the fact that weeds alone cause more damage to crop than all pests and diseases. Therefore it is essential to maintain weed free condition to attain higher economic yield. With the changing scenario of weed control practices, farmers are looking for broad spectrum post emergence herbicides to control sedges, narrow leaved and broad leaved weeds at later stage. Review of various literatures revealed that it is very important for enhancing the weed efficiency by application of suitable pre and post emergence herbicides and other methods for effective control of diversified weed flora in blackgram.
Reducing Disease Exacerbation in Women with Confirmed COPD: A Systematic Literature Review

A systematic literature review was conducted to establish whether gender specific treatment exists for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), specifically, women with (COPD). The PICO question developed for this review is as follows: In women with confirmed diagnoses of COPD, does gender-specific treatment, compared to standard treatment, impact the frequency of exacerbations? Could the number of COPD exacerbations in women be reduced by incorporating interventions designed with (female) gender in mind? Four databases were included in the search: CINAHL, Pubmed, Medline, and Nursing and Allied Health. Articles included addressed gender differences in relation to the disease process, medication(s), or overall treatment. There were 16 articles selected for this review. This analysis found gender differences with regards to lung development, disease presentation, diagnosis, exacerbations, and prognosis. A definitive answer to the PICO question was not found from this systematic review, yet future research is warranted to determine whether gender differences to exist with regards to treatments/interventions in patients with COPD. Recommendations for practice, research, education, and policy are based on articles included within the review.
Death and Destitution: The Global Distribution of Welfare Losses from the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about massive declines in wellbeing around the world. This paper seeks to quantify and compare two important components of those losses – increased mortality and higher poverty – using years of human life as a common metric. We estimate that almost 20 million life-years were lost to Covid-19 by December 2020. Over the same period and by the most conservative definition, over 120 million additional years were spent in poverty because of the pandemic. The mortality burden, whether estimated in lives or in years of life lost, increases sharply with GDP per capita. The poverty burden, on the contrary, declines with per capita national incomes when a constant absolute poverty line is used, or is uncorrelated with national incomes when a more relative approach is taken to poverty lines. In both cases the poverty burden of the pandemic, relative to the mortality burden, is much higher for poor countries. The distribution of aggregate welfare losses – combining mortality and poverty and expressed in terms of life-years – depends both on the choice of poverty line(s) and on the relative weights placed on mortality and poverty. With a constant absolute poverty line and a relatively low welfare weight on mortality, poorer countries are found to bear a greater welfare loss from the pandemic. When poverty lines are set differently for poor, middle and high-income countries and/or a greater welfare weight is placed on mortality, upper-middle and rich countries suffer the most.
Impact of different wastewater irrigation on nursery parameters of mulberry (Morus indica L.)

A pot culture experiment was conducted at the Department of Sericulture, Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam during 2018-19. Irrigation of different wastewater had significantly influenced the growth, yield and biochemical parameters of mulberry. Among the wastewater irrigation, reeling wastewater recorded highest growth in all treatments. Among the treatments, reeling wastewater was significantly different when compared to other treatments. The reeling wastewater with 25 per cent concentration was noticed the increasing growth and yield parameters viz., sprouting percentage of 94.00 per cent, shoot length of 46.69 cm, number of leaves per shoot was 13.59, number of shoots per plant of 5.88, leaf area of 64.05 cm, Among the wastewater irrigation, reeling wastewater recorded highest growth in all treatments. Among the treatments, reeling wastewater was significantly different when compared to other treatments.
Early Breast Tumor Detection Using a Microwave Imaging System

Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer that affects women. There are several methods that allow the detection of tumors, like x-ray mammography, MRI or ultrasound. To overcome the shortfalls of these methods, microwave imaging has been under development and some setups have already been submitted to clinical trials. Therefore, at Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT), the Antennas and Propagation group in Lisbon has been working towards the fabrication of a MWI prototype that allows the detection of tumors using a dry setup, meaning, without coupling medium. The setup has a ring of antennas, a phantom, a camera, two RaspberryPi and a VNA. The software part of the setup, the Graphical User Interface (GUI), is responsible for automating it. One of the main purposes of this setup is the internal reconstruction of the breast by summing the phase of the reflected waves. The most challenging part is the artifact removal, since these reflection are a lot higher when compared to the tumor ones. The algorithm can use two calibration methods to remove these early time reflections: the Ideal and the Singular Vector Decomposition (SVD). The second is more relevant since it is the one that can be used in clinical trials. The results were obtained, for only one height, using both calibration methods for an horizontal and a vertical plane. They were promising since it was possible to detect the tumor for both planes. However, as only height was used, the resolution of the images was poor.
The Dynamic Response of Municipal Budgets to Revenue Shocks

IZA DP No. 14369 MAY 2021 The Dynamic Response of Municipal Budgets to Revenue Shocks We study the fiscal and tax response to intergovernmental grants, exploiting quasiexperimental variation within Germany’s fiscal equalization scheme triggered by Census revisions of official population counts. Municipal budgets do not adjust instantly. Instead, spending and investments adapt within five years to revenue gains, while adjustment to revenue losses is more rapid. Yet, the long-run response is symmetric. The tax response is particularly slow, stretching over more than a decade. Well-known empirical “anomalies” in public finance such as the flypaper effect are thus primarily a short-run phenomenon, while long-run fiscal behavior appears more consistent with standard theories of fiscal federalism. JEL Classification: H71, H72, H77, E62
Parameters of REP DD's plasma formed during the pulse and pulse-periodic modes in dense gases

Main parameters of plasma formed during the pulse and pulse-periodic runaway electron preionized diffuse discharge (REP DD) in argon, nitrogen and air at high pressure were measured. An electron concentration in the plasma of pulse and pulse-periodic REP DD in the elevated pressure argon was determined. Average for pulse value of electron density in the argon plasma of pulse REP DD was ~ 3·1015 cm-3. Dynamics of electron density in the atmospheric-pressure plasma of the argon during the REP DD was determined. Measured average values of an electron concentration in the plasma of the pulse-periodic REP DD in atmospheric-pressure air and nitrogen were ~ 3·1014 and ~ 4·1014 cm-3, respectively. In addition, for the plasma formed during the pulse-periodic REP DD in atmospheric-pressure nitrogen and air average values of an electron temperature and reduced electric field, as well their dynamics were determined. Average value of an electron temperature during the pulse duration for nitrogen and air plasmas was ~ 2 eV. Dynamics of an electron temperature and reduced electric field strength was registered. Data on rotational and gas temperatures in the discharge plasma of atmospheric-pressure nitrogen formed in pulse (Tr ≈ 350 K, Tg ≈ 380 K) and pulse-periodic (Tr ≈ 750 K, Tg ≈ 820 K) modes were obtained. In addition, measured value of vibrational temperature in REP DD’s plasma formed in pulse mode in nitrogen at pressure of 1 bar was Tv ≈ 3000 K.