Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transport of Thymidine and Uridine in Tetrahymena pyriformis

The uptake of thymidine and uridine in Tetrahymena pyriformis was investigated using the glass membrane filter method. The uptake of both of these nucleosides at 2 μM was temperature-and energy-dependent. The optimal pH was 5.5. The uptake of both was competitively inhibited by other nucleosides. Thymidine and uridine were considered to be transported by carrier mediated systems, and these mechanisms are discussed.
Registration of Four Soybean Germplasm Lines Containing Defoliating Insect Resistance QTLs from PI 229358 Introgressed into ‘Benning’

162 Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 1, No. 2, September 2007 The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] germplasm lines, G04Ben229IR-M (Reg. No. GP-353, PI 647082), G04-Ben229IR-G (Reg. No. GP-354, PI 647083), G04-Ben229IR-H (Reg. No. GP355, PI 647084), and G05-Ben229IR-MGH (Reg. No. GP-352, PI 647081), were developed by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations at the Univ. of Georgia and released in February of 2006 for use as sources of single and multiple Soybean Insect Resistance (SIR) QTLs. Three of the lines, G04-Ben229IR-M, G04-Ben229IR-G, and G04-Ben229IR-H, are homozygous for PI 229358 alleles at SIRQTL-M, SIRQTL-G, and SIRQTLH, respectively (Narvel et al., 2001; Warrington, 2006; Zhu et al., 2006). G05-Ben229IR-MGH is homozygous for PI 229358 alleles at all three SIRQTLs. SIRQTL-M, SIRQTL-H, and SIRQTL-G were initially listed as CEW 1-1, CEW 1-2, and CEW 6-1, respectively, in SoyBase (http://soybase.org/ verifi ed 18 July 2007). Previous research has shown SIRQTL-G provides antibiosis (adverse physiological effects on the insect) and SIRQTL-H antixenosis (discouraging insect colonization and/or feeding) forms of resistance against corn earworm [CEW, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)], while SIRQTL-M plants express both antibiosis and antixenosis resistance (Narvel et al., 2001; Rector et al., 1998, 2000). Zhu et al. (2006) reported that the PI 229358 allele from SIRQTL-M was required for the antibiotic effect of SIRQTL-G and the antixenotic effect of SIRQTL-H to be expressed in a Benning genetic background. Registration of Four Soybean Germplasm Lines Containing Defoliating Insect Resistance QTLs from PI 229358 Introgressed into ‘Benning’
Gγ1 + Gγ2 ≠ Gβ: Heterotrimeric G Protein Gγ-Deficient Mutants Do Not Recapitulate All Phenotypes of Gβ-Deficient Mutants1[C][W][OA]

Heterotrimeric G proteins are signaling molecules ubiquitous among all eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains one Gα (GPA1), one Gβ (AGB1), and two Gγ subunit (AGG1 and AGG2) genes. The Gβ requirement of a functional Gγ subunit for active signaling predicts that a mutant lacking both AGG1 and AGG2 proteins should phenotypically resemble mutants lacking AGB1 in all respects. We previously reported that Gβ- and Gγ-deficient mutants coincide during plant pathogen interaction, lateral root development, gravitropic response, and some aspects of seed germination. Here, we report a number of phenotypic discrepancies between Gβ- and Gγ-deficient mutants, including the double mutant lacking both Gγ subunits. While Gβ-deficient mutants are hypersensitive to abscisic acid inhibition of seed germination and are hyposensitive to abscisic acid inhibition of stomatal opening and guard cell inward K+ currents, none of the available Gγ-deficient mutants shows any deviation from the wild type in these responses, nor do they show the hypocotyl elongation and hook development defects that are characteristic of Gβ-deficient mutants. In addition, striking discrepancies were observed in the aerial organs of Gβ- versus Gγ-deficient mutants. In fact, none of the distinctive traits observed in Gβ-deficient mutants (such as reduced size of cotyledons, leaves, flowers, and siliques) is present in any of the Gγ single and double mutants. Despite the considerable amount of phenotypic overlap between Gβ- and Gγ-deficient mutants, confirming the tight relationship between Gβ and Gγ subunits in plants, considering the significant differences reported here, we hypothesize the existence of new and as yet unknown elements in the heterotrimeric G protein signaling complex.
The effects of controlled sheep grazing on the dynamics of upland Agrostis–Festuca grassland

1. Agrostis capillaris-Festuca ovina-dominated communities are widespread in the uplands of Great Britain. They are agriculturally productive but little is known about how to manage this community for specific goals. Vegetation trajectories were examined in this plant community under different sheep grazing management regimes at two sites in Scotland. One site had a substantial presence of moorland species, the other was characterized by a more productive vegetation. Management consisted of maintaining sward heights of 3, 4.5 or 6 cm during the growing season, or complete exclusion of grazing stock. 2. Changes in species composition were small over the 7 years of the experiment. Few species invaded or were lost during the course of the study. The observed changes were largely as a result of shifts in abundance of the dominant species. 3. Maintenance of sward height at low levels (3 or 4.5 cm) during the growing season resulted in the spread of Nardus stricta where present. Where N. stricta was absent, the sward developed a higher content of mosses, specifically Hypnum jutlandicum and Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus. 4. Removal of grazing resulted in an increase of cover of grazing-intolerant species, such as Deschampsia flexuosa and Molinia caerulea, and in the cover of dwarf shrub species where present. 5. The two sites differed in the treatment that resulted in the smallest change in species composition. At the more productive site, maintenance of the sward at 4.5 cm resulted in the smallest overall change in species composition. At the less productive site, grazing the sward to 6 cm resulted in the smallest shift in vegetation composition. Grazing at this height appeared to prevent the spread of both M. caerulea and N. stricta. 6. The study demonstrates that sustainable grazing regimes for upland Agrostis-Festuca grasslands need to take into account both the initial composition of the vegetation, specifically the presence of species capable of replacing A. capillaris and F. ovina and of achieving dominance, and the overall productivity of the site.
Devonian

Abstract The Devonian System was the first pre-Quaternary system to have its base established at an internationally ratified Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). The base of the System was defined at the base of the Monograptus uniformis Biozone at Klonk in Czechoslovakia (McLaren 1977). The upper boundary of the System is fixed by the base of the Carboniferous, which has been recently ratified in a GSSP at La Serre, Herault, France, at a point coincident with the first appearance of the conodont Siphonodella sulcata. Series. GSSPs have now been designated to define the bases of the Middle and Upper Devonian Series (that of the Lower Devonian being automatically defined by the System boundary). Stages. Consequent upon the selection of a Czech type section for the basal boundary stratotype of the System, the Germanic stages for the lowest parts of the Devonian were no longer appropriate and Lochkovian and Pragian stages have now been formally defined with stratotypes ratified by the I.U. G.S. Devon, the nomenclatorial type locality for the Devonian System (Sedgwick & Murchison 1839) is a region of great tectonic complexity and has not provided suitable sections on which to base international correlations. However, the rocks are frequently richly fossilferous and firm correlations can now be established with the intensively studied developments of the Devonian in Belgium and Germany. Northwards from Devon are found large tracts of the predominantly fluviatile and lacustrine facies which characterizes the Old Red Sandstone. Correlation between the marine Devonian rocks of southwest England and the
Identification and Seasonal Variation of Endogenous Cytokinins in Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) Papenf.

Tentative Identification of the cytokinins present in a seaweed concentrate prepared from Ecklonia maxima using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, revealed the presence of eis and Irans ribosylzeatin, trans zeatin, dihydrozeatin and N(A-isopentenyI)adenosine. Seasonal changes in the cytokinin levels were determined using paper chromatography. Both qualitative and quantitative variations occurred. During summer zeatin, ribosylzeatin and their dihydroderivatives were responsible for most of the detected activity. The cytokinin glucosides increased above the levels of free cytokinins during winter.
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF PHOTOPERIODIC RESPONSE IN AN ARRHENOTOKOUS MITE (TETRANYCHUS URTICAE)

Starting with a population of Tetranychus urticae, a number of lines were inbred by sibmating for seven generations. When these inbred lines were exposed to different photoperiodic regimens, a diversity of response curves was obtained. This indicated that great genetic variability of photoperiodic response existed in the original colony.
Genetic Parameters for Somatic Cells, Protein, and Fat in Milk of Holsteins

Abstract Lactation records of milk, fat, and protein yields; fat and protein percentages; and two measures of somatic cells were examined and estimates of variance components were obtained. Heritabilities from multiple-trait REML for 1st parity were . 16, . 16, . 13, . 38, . 48, . 05, and . 10, respectively, for milk, fat yield, protein yield, fat percentage, protein percentage, SCC, and somatic cell score. In each parity, heritability was lower for protein yield than for fat yield but higher for protein percentage than for fat percentage. Genetically, somatic cells and yields had positive correlations in 1st parity but smaller or negative correlations in 2nd and 3rd and later parities. Phenotypic correlations of somatic cells and yield were negative. For each parity, genetic and phenotypic correlations with somatic cells were higher for protein percentage than for fat percentage.
The Pathophysiology of Postmenopausal Symptoms

These cyclic episodes of cutaneous flushing and perspiration have not received close scientific scrutiny until recent years, when concern over the risks of estrogen treatment has resulted in many more patients declining therapy. Current evidence suggests that the disturbance is due to periodic activation of hypothalamic mechanisms for the dissipation of heat. The nature of this neuroendocrine link between gonadal failure and thermal regulation has not yet been firmly established.
EFFECTS OF U.V. ON DNA: CORRELATIONS AMONG BIOLOGICAL CHANGES, PHYSICAL CHANGES AND REPAIR MECHANISMS *

Summary It is very probable that thymine dimers account for most, but not all, of the inactivation of transforming DNA in aqueous solution by u.v. radiation. The experiments on enzymatic photoreactivation of transforming DNA require postulating at least two photoreactivable lesions, one the thymine dimer, and a second, which apparently does not itself affect transforming activity but does affect the kinetics of the increase in transforming activity in photoreactivation. Action spectra suggest that alteration of cytosine deoxyriboside may be important in non‐photoreactivable inactivation of DNA. Some cells have such efficient repair mechanisms for removal of thymine dimers that this kind of damage can have little if anything to do with their inactivation.
Determination of living and active bacterioplankton: a comparison of methods

The purpose of this study was the quantification, through the comparison of different methods, of viable and metabolically active bacteria in marine environments. To quantify the living and active bacterioplankton fractions, we compared the total cell count (TC using DAPI staining), plate count on marine agar (CFU), and three viability-staining methods: nucleoid-containing cell count (NuCC), Live/Dead staining procedure (L/D) and direct viable count (DVC). With respect to TC (mean value 3.0 ± 2.3 × 105 cell ml−1) CFU represented less than 0.1% and DVC cells 1%, both showing significant differences. NuCC and L/D cells were 18.0% and 15.9% of TC, respectively, showing no significant differences and higher percentages in the Ionian Sea than the Adriatic Sea. Moreover, NuCC and L/D were two orders of magnitude greater than the culturable fraction, while active cells (DVC) exceeded CFU by one order of magnitude. The comparison of different staining methods allowed us to confirm the simultaneous presence of different physiological states within the bacterial population in natural marine environments. The NuCC and L/D methods gave comparable values to those of other authors, while the DVC procedure gave lower values than previously reported. This research provides information on the fraction of living and/or metabolically active bacteria in aquatic ecosystems. Since each method has its own detection limits, the study highlights the need to simultaneously compare the different methods to validate their results.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Five Cultivated Eucalyptus Species in Iran: E. intertexta, E. platypus, E. leucoxylon, E. sargentii and E. camaldulensis

Abstract The leaves of five cultivated Eucalyptus species named, Eucalyptus intertexta var. intertexta R.T. Baker, Eucalyptus platypus var. heterophylla Blakely, Eucalyptus leucoxylon var. rostellata Miq. , Eucalyptus sargentii subsp. Sargantii Maiden and Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtuse Blakely were collected in the spring from Kashan in Isfahan province (central regions of Iran). After drying the plant materials in shade, their essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation. The oils were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, using flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. Ten components were identified in the oil of Eucalyptus intertexta with 1,8-cineole (80.6%) as main constituent. Eighteen compounds were identified in the oil of Eucalyptus platypus with 1,8-cineole (41.5%) and α-pinene (26.0%) as main components. Seven compounds were characterized in the oil of Eucalyptus leucoxylon with 1,8-cineole (85.5%) as main constituent. Seventeen compounds were characterized in the oil of Eucalyptus sargentii with 1,8-cineole (75.5%) α-pinene (8.3%) and β-eudesmol (4.1%) as main constituents. Twenty-four components were identified in the oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis with 1,8-cineole (26.1%), p-cymene (14.4%), spathulenol (13.2%), α-pinene (12.6%) and β-phellandrene (9.2%) as main constituents. The results showed, although the 1,8-cineole was the main component of the essential oils of all Eucalyptus species, but its relative content was higher in the oil of Eucalyptus intertexta and Eucalyptus leucoxylon.
The effect of herbage mixtures of alfalfa and orchardgrass on the incidence of bloat in cattle

Alfalfa herbage at the vegetative to early-bud stage of growth was simultaneously fed to cattle with alfalfa- grass mixtures containing 25, 40 or 50% orchardgrass. At all three levels of orchardgrass, there was either complete prevention of bloat or it was substantially reduced. Alfalfa alone yielded 334 cases of bloat as compared to 25 for the mixtures. During the warmest and driest intervals, bloat was reduced only by one-third when the feed alfalfa contained 25% orchardgrass. Key words: Steers, frothy bloat, Medicago sativa L. , Dactylis glomerata L. , mixed pastures
Cytotoxic and anti-microbial activity of the sponge Iotrochota sp. as a function of size and spatial competitors

Abstract Secondary metabolites from marine invertebrates, such as sponges, have diverse ecological roles and may be used in anti-predation, anti-fouling and spatial competition. The thin encrusting sponge Iotrochota sp. , found on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, contains several novel indoles that may aid in spatial competition. To examine whether levels of surrounding competition affect the toxicity of Iotrochota sp. , 24 sponges from Salamander Reef, Central Great Barrier Reef, subject to either high or low levels of surrounding competition, were sampled. Tissue samples were taken from areas where the sponge was in direct competition with neighbouring sessile invertebrates, as well as from areas where competition was less obvious. Compounds from the tissue samples were extracted and tested in both cytotoxicity and anti-microbial assays. However, neither cytotoxicity nor anti-microbial activity varied significantly between the high and low competition treatments. Cytotoxicity was greatest among large sponges, suggesting that size is an important factor contributing to the toxicity of Iotrochota sp. sponges in this study.
Fucus cottonii (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) is not a single genetic entity but a convergent salt-marsh morphotype with multiple independent origins

In low-energy salt-marsh environments, Fucus spp. frequently exhibit an atypical morphology that is characterized by the absence of an anchoring holdfast and a trend towards reduced size and buoyancy, enhanced vegetative proliferation, and often the loss of sexual reproduction. Such forms, often referred to as ecads, presumably derive from typical attached forms, but their affinities are normally difficult to establish with confidence due to their simplified and largely convergent morphology. Minute salt-marsh forms growing partially embedded in the sediment occur on Atlantic and Pacific coasts and have traditionally been recognized as an independent entity, Fucus cottonii. In this study we analyse with four microsatellite loci two F. cottonii populations from salt-marshes of Oregon (NE Pacific) and Ireland (Europe, near the species type locality), as well as local populations of other Fucus spp. that could be considered potential source populations, either directly or via hybridization. Our results show that the F. cottonii from Oregon derive from F. gardneri whereas the Irish population is closer to F. spiralis. We conclude that F. cottonii is not a coherent genetic entity, but an artificial grouping of evolutionarily independent populations that converged into similar morphologies in different salt-marsh habitats.
A "Good-Sperm" Model Can Explain the Evolution of Costly Multiple Mating by Females

Multiple mating by females (or polyandry) is one of the most controversial subjects in sexual selection and mating systems theory (Smith 1984; Halliday and Arnold 1987; Birkhead and Moller 1992). In many animals, mass production of sperm is generally far cheaper than production of ova (but see Dewsbury 1982). Thus, multiple mating is clearly adaptive for males because the more females with which males mate, the more offspring they can sire (Trivers 1972). However, females can produce no more offspring than the number of their ova, and females in many species receive a lifetime supply of sperm from one mating or one mate (Thornhill and Alcock 1983). It is, therefore, difficult to explain the adaptive significance of polyandry from the viewpoint of female advantage. In many cases, females seem to obtain some direct benefit from males (e.g., nutrients in the seminal fluid, protection against predators, paternal care of offspring). However, in species in which no direct benefit can be detected, the females have been supposed to obtain some "genetic benefit" from additional mating. Since Walker's (1980) seminal article was published, two hypotheses have been advanced to explain the genetic benefit of polyandry: increased genetic diversity of offspring and acquisition of "good genes. " The first hypothesis i not promising. Meiosis and recombination can produce great genetic diversity in the sperm pool of one male (Williams 1975); for example, a male human (2n = 46) can produce 223 different types of spermatozoon without chromosomal crossover and translocation at the meiosis. Moreover, females never produce enough eggs to make full use of such sperm diversity from one mating. Therefore, many authors doubt whether multiple mating by females can actually increase genetic diversity of their offspring and, if any greater diversity is achieved, whether the diverse offspring are really beneficial to the females because an increase in genetic diversity (i.e., decrease in relatedness) within clutches may intensify sib competition (Sherman 1981; Westneat et al. 1990; Birkhead and Moller 1992). The good-gene hypothesis for polyandry assumes that when females encounter better males than the previous mates, they remate and fertilize ggs with the better male's sperm. Thus, this hypothesis regards the polyandry as a means of
Ingestive behaviour, herbage intake and grazing efficiency of beef cattle steers on Tanzania guineagrass subjected to rotational stocking managements

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the ingestive behaviour, herbage intake and grazing efficiency of beef cattle steers grazing on Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania subjected to different rotational stocking intensities. Treatments corresponded to two post-grazing conditions (residues of 25 and 50 cm) associated with a pre-grazing condition of 95% sward canopy light interception during regrowth (LI). The grazing time increased linearly with the duration of the occupation period (475 to 630 minutes/day). On paddocks grazed down to a residue of 25 cm, the bite rate increased linearly along the occupation period, with an average of 42.5 bites/minute. On paddocks grazed down to a residue of 50 cm, the bite rate was stable and equal to 39 bites/minute. There was no difference in herbage intake between grazing intensities. However, grazing at 25 cm residue resulted in greater herbage removal (68.0 vs. 45.6%) and greater grazing efficiency (90.4 vs. 49.8%) than grazing at 50 cm residue. Post-grazing residues of Tanzania guineagrass under rotational stocking management may be set at either 25 or 50 cm, since the herbage intake was not affected within this grazing intensity range. However, herbage removal and grazing efficiency were reduced with the 50 cm post-grazing height and grazing time increased with long occupation periods.
The Harvard Cooperative Stroke Registry: A Prospective Registry

-Data from 694 patients hospitalized with stroke were entered in a prospective, computer-based registry. Three hundred and sixty-four patients (53 percent) were diagnosed as having thrombosis, 215 (31 percent) as having cerebral embolism, 70 (10 percent) as having intracerebral hematoma, and 45 (6 percent) as having subarachnoid hemorrhage from aneurysm or arteriovenous malformations. The 364 patients diagnosed as having thrombosis were divided into 233 (34 percent of all 694 patients) whose thrombosis was thought to involve a large artery and 131 (19 percent) with lacunar infarction. Many of the findings in this study were comparable to those in previous registries based on postmortem data. New observations include the high incidence of lacunes and cerebral emboli, the absence of an identifiable cardiac origin in 37 percent of all emboli, a nonsudden onset in 21 percent of emboli, and the occurrence of vomiting at onset in 51 percent and the absence of headache at onset in 67 percent of hematomas.
Correction: 084 Treating yourself: a glucocorticoid secreting tumour suppressing myasthenia gravis

intravenous methylprednisolone, resulting in marked radiological and clinical improvement within two weeks. A 76 year old female presented with subacute cognitive dysfunction and apraxia, and transient left-sided weakness. MRI scan of the brain initially demonstrated a right temporooccipital infarct, leading to primary treatment for stroke, but subsequently evolved to reveal diffuse multi-lobar T2 white matter hyperintensities with leptomeningeal involvement. A provisional diagnosis of CAA-I was made and following a poor clinical response to a trial of corticosteroid therapy, treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide was commenced. Conclusion These cases emphasise the importance of CAA-I as part of the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with symptoms of subacute cognitive decline, seizures, headaches and focal neurological deficits, given the potential for dramatic improvement with readily accessible immunosuppressive therapies.