Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chasing the Invisible in the Grammar of Repetitions: A Network Analysis Approach to Fiscal State Aids

The significance of interpretation principles seems to be inexorably tied to the moments in time when they are recurrently referenced by scholars or judges. Moreover, these sequences of references may undergo substantial shifts in meaning or contextual usage over time. Based on this phenomenon, our work proposes a network analysis approach to identify and locate such pivotal points. Specifically, we begin by extracting and mapping citations in judicial rulings, focusing on the specific context of fiscal state aids in the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. We then demonstrate how applying network analysis to these citations can serve as a valuable tool for enriching the legal study of CJEU case-law. In detail, we focused on the network of precedents as cited by the Court to verify how the case-law develops new interpretative principles and contributes to the creation of a legal framework for European discipline of fiscal State aids. To retrieve the necessary information on precedent references within a judgment, we utilized the XML representation accessible on the EUR-Lex platform. We then employed regular expressions to parse the text and guarantee the precise and complete extraction of citations. Our research highlights how automated analysis of citation networks can offer valuable resources to supplement conventional legal methodologies.
Care network for pregnant crack users: an integrative review

Objective: to analyze the performance of the Care Network for pregnant crack-cocaine users in the scientific literature. Methodology: an integrative review was conducted in the MEDLINE, BDEnf, LILACS and SciELO databases and comprised studies published from 2015 to 2021 in Portuguese, English and Spanish, using the following descriptors: high-risk pregnancy, continued health care network, crack-cocaine, and health impact assessment. Results: by crossing the descriptors and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight articles were included for further appraisal. Conclusion: the scientific literature identified prioritizes the epidemiological analysis of the phenomenon and the consequences of drug use during pregnancy, although little is explored on clinical and psychosocial care networks for pregnant crack users. The production of knowledge about the health care networks for pregnant drug users is still scarce. There is a need for studies that can analyze the care provided to this population within the health care networks.
IMPACT AND PREVALENCE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN VILLAGE CHICKENS IN SOUTHERN NIGER

: The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Newcastle disease and to identify potential risk factors in village chickens in Niger. A total of 1,627 serum samples were collected using a stratified random sampling method with proportional allocation. Samples were collected from village breedings in the departments of the Maradi region (Guidan Roumdji, Madarounfa, Aguié, Gazaoua, and Tessaoua), departments of Zinder region (Takeita, Kantché, Magaria, Dungass, and Mirriah), and cities of Maradi and Zinder. Data on risk factors were collected through an interview with the herders. All collected sera were subjected to competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) to detect Newcastle disease virus-induced antibodies. The findings were indicative of 302 positive sera, representing an overall seroprevalence of 18.6%. The Student’s t-test at p<0.05 revealed a significant difference between regions and among some departments. Furthermore, the logistic regression test identified the agroecological zone, type of breeding, species mix, and the origin of the animals as risk factors associated with seropositivity to Newcastle disease virus. The present results confirmed the exposure of village chickens to the Newcastle disease virus, emphasizing the need to intensify vaccination campaigns and educate poultry farmers on adopting biosecurity measures.
Analysis of generalised mixed models for categorical data

The development of generalised linear mixed models (GLMM) over the last decade or so has extended generalised linear modelling (GLM) techniques (McCullagh and Neider, 1989) to incorporate both fixed and random effects in a model. The development has unified the approaches to deal with a wide class of statistical problems such as overdispersion, shrinkage estimation, correlated errors and similar other problems under the common framework of GLMMs. The thesis looks at some theoretical and applied aspects of GLMMs for analysing categorical data. After introducing the problem and reviewing the literature in the first two chapters it starts with an investigation of some properties of the GLMM estimators. Approximate moments are developed for residual maximum likelihood estimators by utilising the known moment properties of the derivatives of likelihood functions. This development offers an alternative set of estimators for the second order moments of the variance components. The applicability of the development to a number of problems is discussed. Hierarchical generalised linear models (HGLM), another recent development, allows the distribution of the variance components to be non-normal unlike GLMMs. A comparative study of HGLMs and GLMMs has been undertaken by using a Poisson response variable. The application of GLMMs to a number of categorical data problems is discussed and specific application strategies are developed. The analysis of matched case control studies with random exposure effects is shown to be more appropriate under the GLMM framework. The analysis of contingency tables with clustered observations is another such application. The methods of analysis with GLMMs have been developed under both Poisson and multinomial sampling assumptions. A general strategy for dealing with overdispersed multi-category response data is also presented. The applicability of threshold modelling to the analysis of contingency tables with ordered categories is discussed. The strategy has been extended to cover the situation where not only are the categories ordered but also the observations are clustered. An approximate method for adjusting the standard errors of the fixed parameters in the absence of a full GLMMs based analysis is presented. This can be applied to any of the above mentioned applications to reduce the risk of misleading inferences in a fixed effect analysis. The proposed methods are applied to various real datasets and the results from simulation studies are presented where appropriate.
Reduction of fluid forces and vortex shedding frequency of a circular cylinder using rigid splitter plates

Abstract This study investigates the fluid forces acting on a circular cylinder in a laminar flow regime while using a passive control strategy. Three cases including the cylinder with one, two or three rigid splitter plates attached at its rear surface were considered and the location of horizontal plates (attachment angle) was varied between 0° and 90°. A comprehensive parametric study was performed to identify the optimum arrangement of the plates using the commercial finite element software, Comsol Multiphysics. The results show that the location and the number of the plates have crucial effects on the wake control. Increasing the number of splitter plates from one to two symmetric parallel plates led to a reduction in drag force, vortex shedding frequency and fluctuation of lift force. A maximum drag reduction of 23% for dual-splitters and 15% for single-splitter was achieved, at an angle of 45° at Reynolds number 100. However, increasing the number of attached plates to three didn’t have a significant effect on flow quantities when plates of the same length were utilised. The suitability of the third plate (the middle plate) was further studied by investigating the effect of length of the plate on flow quantities.
Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Soft Tissue, Periodontal Pocket Healing, and Alveolar Bone Height after Third Molar Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: More and more studies were being conducted to improve healing after third molar surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PRF on soft tissue and periodontal pocket healing, alveolar bone resorption distal to the second molar after lower third molar surgical removal. Methods: A Randomized, controlled clinical trial and split-mouth design was performed on 26 healthy patients who had an indication of impacted lower third molars extraction on both sides with symmetrical orientation and the same difficult index. All patients had the same extraction protocol on both sides at the Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Odonto-stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City. PRF was applied on one side, whereas the other was left empty as the control group. Assessing the soft tissue healing, periodontal pocket depth and distal bone resorption of the study and control groups after third molar removal surgery. Data obtained were statistically analyzed. Results: There is a statistically significant difference in soft tissue healing on the 3rd and 7th postoperative days and distal bone resorption (p<0.05) on the 3rd and 6th postoperative months between two groups. Periodontal pocket depth of the study group showed more reduction than the control group but was not significantly different. Conclusion: Using PRF can help improve soft tissue healing and lower distal bone resorption after surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. PRF appears to reduce periodontal pocket depth but still needs more research to conclude.
Drug-Refractory Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Perirhinal, and Temporopolar Cortices in MR Volumetry of the Entorhinal,

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The occurrence of damage in the entorhinal, perirhinal, and temporopolar cortices in unilateral drug-refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was investigated with quantitative MR imaging. METHODS: Volumes of the entorhinal, perirhinal, and temporopolar cortices were measured in 27 patients with unilateral drug-refractory TLE, 10 patients with extratemporal partial epilepsy, and 20 healthy control subjects. All patients with TLE were evaluated for epilepsy surgery and underwent operations. RESULTS: In left TLE, the mean volume of the ipsilateral entorhinal cortex was reduced by 17% ( P (cid:44) . 001 compared with control subjects) and that of the ipsilateral temporopolar cortex by 17% ( P (cid:44) . 05). In right TLE, the mean ipsilateral entorhinal volume was reduced by 13% ( P (cid:35) . 01), but only in patients with hippocampal atrophy. Asymmetry ratios also indicated ipsilateral cortical atrophy. When each patient was analyzed individually, the volume of the ipsilateral hippocampus was reduced ( (cid:36) 2 SD from the mean of controls) in 63% and that of the entorhinal cortex in 52% of patients with TLE. Furthermore, ipsilateral entorhinal (left: r (cid:53) 0.625, P (cid:44) . 001; right: r (cid:53) 0.524, P (cid:35) . 01), perirhinal (left: r (cid:53) 0
Local viscosity distribution in bifurcating microfluidic blood flows

The red blood cell (RBC) aggregation phenomenon is majorly responsible for the non-Newtonian nature of blood, influencing the blood flow characteristics in the microvasculature. Of considerable interest is the behaviour of the fluid at the bifurcating regions. In vitro experiments, using microchannels, have shown that RBC aggregation, at certain flow conditions, affects the bluntness and skewness of the velocity profile, the local RBC concentration, and the cell-depleted layer at the channel walls. In addition, the developed RBC aggregates appear unevenly distributed in the outlets of these channels depending on their spatial distribution in the feeding branch, and on the flow conditions in the outlet branches. In the present work, constitutive equations of blood viscosity, from earlier work of the authors, are applied to flows in a T-type bifurcating microchannel to examine the local viscosity characteristics. Viscosity maps are derived for various flow distributions in the outlet branches of the channel.
Atom-replaced pins in a Y-based superconductor—single-crystalline perovskite structure including both PrBa2Cu3O7−x and YBa2Cu3O7−y

Metal organic deposition using trifluoroacetates (TFA-MOD) provides many uniform superconductors on long metal tapes. The large numbers of long wires have been applied for power grids or superconducting fault current limiters. The related applications worked for a long time without fatal trouble. The quasi-liquid produced during the firing process assisted the perfectly uniform structure in TFA-MOD. On the other hand, when it was desired to introduce artificial pinning centers, the quasi-liquid also enlarged the diameter of the artificial pinning centers to several tens of nanometers. In other words, due to the nature of TFA-MOD, there is very little chance of using TFA-MOD to prepare several nm-sized artificial pinning centers. By proposing atom-replaced pins (ARPs), we aim to overcome the impasse. ARPs are realized by replacing yttrium (Y) with praseodymium (Pr) whose valence number changes from 3+ to approximately 4+. Analytical results suggested that Pr makes pinning centers on a PrBa2Cu3O7−x (PrBCO) unit cell, and the weak-linked superconductivity derived from PrBCO extends to the adjacent unit cells in the a/b-plane. Jc decrease by Pr is five times as large as the volume fraction of Pr in the Y-site of the perovskite structure. On the other hand, Tc does not show large degradation in YBCO including 10% PrBCO. These results suggest that PrBCO unit cells are fully dispersed in YBa2Cu3O7−y matrix. With regard to Jc in the magnetic field, (Y0.98, Pr0.02)BCO has been slightly improved compared with pure YBCO only in the region of high temperature and low magnetic field of less than 1 T.
Superconducting Quantum Bits and Superconducting Quantum Computing

: With Google's successful demonstration of "quantum supremacy" in 2019, the research of superconducting quantum computing is attracting more and more attention around the globe. Superconducting quantum bits (qubits) are macroscopic devices with fundamental quantum properties such as energy-level quantization, quantum-state superposition, and quantum-state entanglement. They provide an excellent platform for studies in many fields such as quantum physics, atomic physics, quantum optics, quantum chemistry, quantum simulation, quantum computing, and so on. In this article, we will discuss the basic principles and structures of the superconducting phase, charge, transmon-, and flux-type qubits, as well as their device design and fabrication process. We will also present a brief introduction to the rich research areas based upon the superconducting qubit architecture.
Gender Differences in the Severity of Cadmium Nephropathy

The excretion of β2-microglobulin (β2M) above 300 µg/g creatinine, termed tubulopathy, was regarded as the critical effect of chronic exposure to the metal pollutant cadmium (Cd). However, current evidence suggests that Cd may induce nephron atrophy, resulting in a reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Herein, these pathologies were investigated in relation to Cd exposure, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. The data were collected from 448 residents of Cd-polluted and non-polluted regions of Thailand. The body burden of Cd, indicated by the mean Cd excretion (ECd), normalized to creatinine clearance (Ccr) as (ECd/Ccr) × 100 in women and men did not differ (3.21 vs. 3.12 µg/L filtrate). After adjustment of the confounding factors, the prevalence odds ratio (POR) for tubulopathy and a reduced eGFR were increased by 1.9-fold and 3.2-fold for every 10-fold rise in the Cd body burden. In women only, a dose–effect relationship was seen between β2M excretion (Eβ2M/Ccr) and ECd/Ccr (F = 3.431, η2 0.021). In men, Eβ2M/Ccr was associated with diabetes (β = 0.279). In both genders, the eGFR was inversely associated with Eβ2M/Ccr. The respective covariate-adjusted mean eGFR values were 16.5 and 12.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower in women and men who had severe tubulopathy ((Eβ2M/Ccr) × 100 ≥ 1000 µg/L filtrate). These findings indicate that women were particularly susceptible to the nephrotoxicity of Cd, and that the increment of Eβ2M/Ccr could be attributable mostly to Cd-induced impairment in the tubular reabsorption of the protein together with Cd-induced nephron loss, which is evident from an inverse relationship between Eβ2M/Ccr and the eGFR.
Numerical study of a planar shock interacting with a cylindrical water column embedded with an air cavity

This paper performs a numerical study on the interaction of a planar shock wave with a water column embedded with/without a cavity of different sizes at high Weber numbers. The conservative-type Euler and non-conservative scalar two-equations representing the transportation of two-phase properties consist of the diffusion interface capture models. The numerical fluxes are computed by the Godunov-type Harten-Lax–van Leer contact Riemann solver coupled with an incremental fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme. A third-order total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge–Kutta scheme is used to advance the solution in time. The morphology and dynamical characteristics are analysed qualitatively and quantitatively to demonstrate the breakup mechanism of the water column and formation of transverse jets under different incident shock intensities and embedded-cavity sizes. The jet tip velocities are extracted by analysing the interface evolution. The liquid column is prone to aerodynamic breakup with the formation of micro-mist at later stages instead of liquid evaporation because of the weakly heating effects of the surrounding air. It is numerically confirmed that the liquid-phase pressure will drop below the saturated vapour pressure, and the low pressure can be sustained for a certain time because of the focusing of the expansion wave, which accounts for the cavitation inside the liquid water column. The geometrical parameters of the deformed water column are identified, showing that the centreline width decreases but the transverse height increases nonlinearly with time. The deformation rates are nonlinearly correlated under different Mach numbers. The first transverse jet is found for a water column with an embedded cavity, whereas the water hammer shock and second jet do not occur under the impact of low intensity incident shock waves. The $x$ -velocity component recorded at the rear stagnation point can remain unchanged for a comparable time after a declined evolution, which indicates that the downstream wall of the shocked water ring somehow moves uniformly. It can be explained that the acceleration of the downstream wall is balanced by the trailing shedding vortex, and this effect is more evident under higher Mach numbers. The increased enstrophy, mainly generated at the interface, demonstrates the competition of the baroclinic effects of the shock wave impact over dilatation.
Experimental results of H-mode power threshold with lower hybrid wave heating on the EAST tokamak

The density roll-over dependence on H-mode power threshold is observed on EAST for the first time. In campaign 2014 and 2015 shots with a toroidal field of 2.25 T have observed roll-over dependence with lower hybrid wave as the only auxiliary heating method, while shots with a toroidal field of 1.79 T and 1.9 T exhibit linear dependence consistent with scaling law. The density of minimum power for accessing H-mode on EAST has different plasma current values of 400 kA and 500 kA, and is better described in the normalized Greenwald fraction n^e,min/nG ≈ 0.4 at BT=2.35 T. The absence of n^e,min in 1.7 T and 1.8 T may be attributed to the positive dependence with toroidal field. Besides, correlation analysis of H-mode power threshold and divertor geometry in scanning X-point is summarized and compared. Outer leg length (distance from X-point to outer strike point) has the highest correlation coefficient with H-mode power threshold, which explains the data scattering within the same plasma parameters. A new equation of scaling law is proposed: Pth_EAST=4.27OLL1. 4×Pth_08. Neutral particles are believed to be the hidden factor in different divertor geometry, and play a negative role in L–H transition via charge exchange damping.
Conductive tail-to-tail domain walls in epitaxial BiFeO3 films

The complex conductive behavior of ferroelectric domain walls is attracting more and more attention for their potential application as an independent nanoelectronic component. For the (001) epitaxial BiFeO3 films, we find that the domain wall conductivity varies among 71° domain walls, with tail-to-tail (T-T) domain walls more conductive than head-to-head (H-H) and head-to-tail (H-T) ones. Furthermore, it is observed that most of the conductive areas are composed of two parallel lines around the T-T domain walls. These experimental results can be well simulated by our theoretical model based on the polarization configuration and a tunneling mechanism. Our work will help to understand the mechanism of domain wall conductance in ferroelectric materials and further promote the usage of domain walls in advanced nano-devices.The complex conductive behavior of ferroelectric domain walls is attracting more and more attention for their potential application as an independent nanoelectronic component. For the (001) epitaxial BiFeO3 films, we find that the domain wall conductivity varies among 71° domain walls, with tail-to-tail (T-T) domain walls more conductive than head-to-head (H-H) and head-to-tail (H-T) ones. Furthermore, it is observed that most of the conductive areas are composed of two parallel lines around the T-T domain walls. These experimental results can be well simulated by our theoretical model based on the polarization configuration and a tunneling mechanism. Our work will help to understand the mechanism of domain wall conductance in ferroelectric materials and further promote the usage of domain walls in advanced nano-devices.
First passage events and multivariate regular variation for dependent Lévy processes with Applications in Insurance

This thesis deals with the first upwards passage event of the sum of dependent Levy processes, when a constant barrier is passed by a jump. The dependence between the jump components of a multivariate Levy process is modelled by a so-called Pareto Levy measure. The relationship between a Levy measure and its Pareto Levy measure is investigated in detail, where explicit examples with graphical representations are given. Furthermore, we prove conditions on the one-dimensional Levy measures and the Pareto Levy measure such that the multivariate Levy measure is regularly varying. Finally, the results are applied to a spectrally positive insurance risk process.