Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effect of low energy laser irradiation on the rate of mandibular molar protraction in orthodontic patients

Background: Low level laser is a type of laser with various bio stimulatory effects; Potential effects of laser in accelerating bone regeneration and consequently facilitating tooth movement have been considered widely in orthodontics. Aims & Objectives: Aim of this study was to assess the effects of Low level laser on the velocity of mandibular first molar protraction in orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods: Total 28 young adult patients (14 females and 14 males; age range 16-25) requiring extraction of mandibular second premolars were selected and molar protraction was carried out with T-loop on a rectangular Stainless Steel wire. In each patient one side was selected by random to irradiate with low level laser and other side with placebo. Laser regimen was applied at 0, 1 and 2 days and at the end of first, second and third months. Tooth movement was measured on prepared models at the end of first, second and third month. Results: We found 1.3 fold increases in rate of tooth movement in the irradiated group (p=0.000) than non-irradiated group. Conclusion: Based on our findings, Low level laser accelerates tooth movement and consequently reduces treatment time. Key word: Low level laser; Tooth movement; First molar, Irradiation; Protraction
Studies of deltaretrovirus RNA packaging, infectivity and drug susceptibility

ii Dedication. v Acknowledgments . vi Vita . viii List of Tables. xi List of Figures . xii Chapters:
Weight Management by Using Low Glycemic Index Diets

In light of widespread concern regarding the high toll of the obesity epidemic on human suffering and health care costs, development of effective weight-management strategies is a public health priority. Among the many different diet approaches to reduce body weight, conventional low-fat and low calorie diet approach has been disappointing. The glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been proposed as a method of ranking foods on the basis of the incremental blood glucose response they produce for a given amount of carbohydrates. The aim of this study was to investigate whether modifying the GI of obese rats diets by incorporating low-GI foods (spinach leaves, chickpea and lentil seeds) for 30 days would have a favorable effect on food intake, energy efficiency, blood glucose, serum insulin, lipids profile, body weight and body composition in obese rats. It was found that feeding on high-fat diet (positive control obese rats) caused significant increase in body weight, relative organs weight, epididymal fat pad weight, food intake, energy efficiency, blood glucose and serum insulin levels, insulin sensitivity index, triglycerides, lipids profile (TC, LDL and VLDL) levels, serum leptin and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared with negative control obese rats. On the other hand, feeding on that diet caused significant decrease in oxidative status relative enzymes (SOD and GPx), lipase enzyme activity, phospholipids and total lipids concentrations. Feeding obese rats on different low-GI diets showed significant improvement in the above mentioned parameters and caused reduction in body weight by 26.23%, 28.19%, 26.83% and 27.05% for rats fed on chickpea seeds, lentil seeds, spinach leaves and spinach leaves + chickpea seeds, respectively. Food intake and energy efficiency were lower by feeding on low-GI diets compared with high-fat diet. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were significantly decreased by feeding on these diets and relative insulin resistance index (HOMA-R) was 1.8, 3.1, 2.4 and 2.7 fold less for low-GI diets. SOD and GPx enzymes were increased significantly and there was a significant decrease in MDA level, a marker of inflammation, compared with positive control rats. A significant increase in HDL-cholesterol was noticed by feeding on low-GI diets with decrease in lipids profile. Leptin levels were significantly decreased, while lipase, phospholipids and total lipids were increased by using low-GI diets. The highest improvement in these parameters was achieved by feeding on lentil seeds powder followed by spinach leaves + chickpea seeds powders, spinach leaves powder and chickpea seeds powder, respectively. Thus, it could be concluded that carefully designed low-GI diets may be a useful tool for management of body weight.
Electricity Access and Structural Transformation: Evidence from Brazil's Electrification

This study proposes a novel supply-side mechanism driving economic structural transformation: grid electrification. Increasing electricity availability affects the reallocation of inputs to more productive activities through generating higher returns and lowering entry costs in sectors with greater infrastructure intensity. The results of modeling and econometric analysis based on Brazil's historical data over the period 1970-2006 confirm that the manufacturing sector benefits the most in these two dimensions, followed by services and agriculture. The expansion of electricity infrastructure explains about 17 percent of this process and 32 percent of the observed increase in GDP per capita. Simulations of a multisector neoclassical growth model with heterogeneous firms help assessing the effectiveness of different electrification policies.
Factors Influencing Iron Treatment among Anemic Pregnant Women

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has a negative impact on women reproductive health, causing impaired cognitive abilities and decreased physical performance. Aim: to assess the factors influencing iron treatment among anemic pregnant women. Research Design: Correlational descriptive research design was adopted for this study. Setting: The primary health care unit in El-Baranea is affiliated to directorate of health in Ashmon El-Menofea. Sample: A Purposive sample of 150 pregnant women was recruited for the study. Tool: Two tools were used for data collection I) structured interviewing questionnaire, II) Self-report practices questionnaire. Results: most of the sampled women had malpractices in their nutritional habits & in receiving the iron treatment although they complied to take iron treatment every day. There was a relationship between the level of knowledge about iron treatment and the level of education (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: There are many factors influencing iron treatment as women’s level of knowledge and malpractices in receiving their iron treatment. Recommendation: Continuous health education for all women who receive iron treatment should be provided in antenatal clinic.
Three-dimensional modeling of alternating current triboelectric nanogenerator in the linear sliding mode

Energy harvesting from mechanical motions has immense applications such as self-powered sensors and renewable energy sources powered by ocean waves. In this context, the triboelectric nanogenerator is the cutting-edge technology that can effectively convert ambient mechanical energy into electricity through the Maxwell's displacement current. While further improvements of the energy conversion efficiency of triboelectric nanogenerators critically depend on theoretical modeling of the energy conversion process, to date only models based on single-relative-motion processes have been explored. Here, we analyze energy harvesting of triboelectric nanogenerators using a three-dimensional model in a linear-sliding mode and demonstrate a design of triboelectric nanogenerators that have a 77.5% enhancement in the average power in comparison with previous approaches. Moreover, our model shows the existence of a DC-like bias voltage contained in the basic AC output from the energy conversion, which makes the triboelectric nanogenerators an energy source more pliable than the traditional AC power generation systems. The present work provides a framework for systematic modeling of triboelectric nanogenerators and reveals the importance of obtaining direct analytical insight in understanding the current output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerators. Incorporating our model analysis in future designs of triboelectric nanogenerators is beneficial for increasing the energy conversion power and may provide insights that can be used in engineering the profile of the output current of the nanogenerators.
Analysis of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and Service Quality on User Satisfaction in Using Snaapp Communication Application in Ignatius Slamet Riyadi Karawang Elementary School

This study aims to find out about: 1) the impact of perceived usefulness on user satisfaction, 2) the impact of perceived ease of use on user satisfaction, 3) the impact of service quality on user satisfaction, 4) the impact of perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness, 5) the impact of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on user satisfaction simultaneously. This is a quantitative research with parents from Ignatius Slamet Riyadi Karawang Elementary School as the population. The population of 300 people is narrowed down to 171 people as a sample using Quota Sampling and the Slovin formula. The data analysis with multiple linear regression shows that: 1) perceived usefulness has a positive and significant impact on user satisfaction, 2) perceived ease of use has a positive and significant impact on user satisfaction, 3) service quality has a positive and significant impact on user satisfaction, 4) perceive ease of use has a positive and significant impact on perceived usefulness, 5) perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a positive and significant impact on user satisfaction simultaneously.
Isolation of Cellulose from Wheat Straw Using Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide and Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments: Comparison of Yield and Properties

Environmental concerns due to excessive use of synthetic or petroleum-based materials have encouraged scientists to develop novel, sustainable, and multifunctional material using abundant lignocellulosic biomass. In this work, a study was conducted on the isolation of cellulose from wheat straw using two different methods: acidified sodium chlorite and alkaline hydrogen peroxide. A comparative study was carried out based on the yield and properties of extracted cellulose. The final product (after treatments) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for the identification of properties. Both the treatments isolated pure white color cellulose. However, the yield of cellulose isolated through acidified sodium chlorite treatment (81.4%) was higher than alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment (79%). Moreover, no huge difference was observed in the crystallinity and thermal properties of extracted cellulose.
Prospect of Jatropha Curcas and Pithraj Cultivation in Bangladesh

This work investigates the prospect of Jatropha (Jatropha Curcas) and Pithraj (aphanamixis polystachya) plantation in Bangladesh and making of Bio-diesel from their seeds. Jatropha and Pithraj are the renewable and non-edible. They are wildly growing hardy plant, in arid and semi-arid regions of the country on degraded soils having low fertility and moisture. There is a huge unused amount of area about 0.32 million hectares in Bangladesh where Jatropha Curcas and Pithraj can be cultivated successfully. Jatropha and Pithraj oil is an important product from the plant for meeting the demand of diesel in Bangladesh. Around 2500 Jatropha tree can be planted in one hectare and around 300 Pithraj tree can be planted in one hectare. The seeds of Jatropha Curcas contain 30-40% oil. The seeds of Pithraj contain 30-35% oil . The oil can be converted to Bio-diesel by the well-known transesterification process. If Jatropha Curcas plantation is successful in 0.32 million hectare land, the amount of Bio-diesel production will be 0.58 million ton per year. Bangladesh imports approximately 2.4 million ton diesel each year. By planting of Jatropha Curcas, Bangladesh can reduce importing a huge amount (25%) of petroleum products from foreign countries. Bio-diesel from Jatropha * Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology.Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh. E-mail: najmul23@yahoo.com
Proximate Analysis and Quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Some Smoked and Roasted Food Items

Analysis for the presence and concentration of sixteen Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were carried out in roasted plantain, roasted meat and smoked fish in Ondo, Ondo State Nigeria. The proximate analysis was carried out using the method of AOAC. A representative portion of about 5 g of sample was taken from the homogenized sample and extracted with ultrasonicator using three solvent systems: methanol, methanol: dichloromethane (1:1v/v) and dichloromethane. The aromatic fraction was subsequently analyzed with Gas Chromatography (GC/FID). The results showed that the percentage fat content ranges from 4.32 % roasted plantain to 19.27 % roasted meat, protein content ranges from 6.07 % roasted plantain to 44.86 % smoked fish, the moisture contents ranges from 19.39 % smoked fish to 58.31 % roasted plantain while the carbohydrate ranges from 8.89 % roasted meat to 22.09 % roasted plantain. From the result of GC/FID analysis, sixteen PAHs found in the samples ranged from 0.99 – 0.10 μg/kg, 0.01 – 0.73 μg/kg and 0.00 – 0.72 μg/kg for roasted plantain, roasted meat and smoked fish respectively. The sum of all PAHs concentration found in the samples was 6.16 μg/kg for roasted plantain, 6.22 μg/kg for roasted meat and 4.97 μg/kg. The ratios of phenathrene to anthracene ranged from 1.21 in fish to 3.66 in meat, which suggest that the PAHs are from pyrogenic source. Similarly, the ratios of Flouranthene to Pyrene which ranged from 1.01 in plantain to 3.76 in fish also suggest pyrogenic source due to combustion and the benzo (a) anthracene to chrysene ranged from 0.03 in meat to 0.51 in plantain which equally suggested pyrogenic source. Thus, the relatively high concentration of PAHs in the roasted plantain and meat may be attributed to the smoking process.
Evaluating the Effect of Chronotype on Meal Timing and Obesity in Iranian Housewives: A Cross-Sectional Study

Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using a convenience-sampling method through the participation of housewives living in Ahvaz in 2018. Anthropometric information was collected. To assess food intake timing, energy intake and sleep patterns during seven days of normal living were recorded by the researchers. Dietary information was obtained by using a 24-hour recall questionnaire and analyzed by NUT IV software. The morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) was used to determine chronotypes.
The Relationship of Occupational Stress, Physical Fitness Levels, Body Fat Percentage and Absenteeism

Obesity and health problems have been observed that reduces productivity and increases absenteeism. Although the relationship between health and productivity is strong, few studies have examined whether the level of obesity and physical activity affect the absence from work and how the health-related habits are affected. The aim of this study was to examine the relations between job stress body fat, physical fitness levels, health-related habits and absenteeism, among 440 office workers of public sector and private sector companies of Greece employee population. Significant differences observed in the absence days between normal weight (NW) individuals (3.07 ± 1.7), overweight (8.56 ± 3.08) and obese (12.62 ± 10.1). The regression analysis model present an R value of 0.814, p<0.05 and shows that 65.8 % of variance in absenteeism is being explained by body fat percentage, VO2max flexibility level and the job stressors role and demand In addition, NW employees consume significantly less fast food meals (2.26 ± 1.76) a week compared to overweight (3.72 ± 1.91) and obese (3.54 ± 1.61). This study provides evidence that obesity and lack of physical activity affect the absent days from work. Higher body fat is also associated with unhealthy attitudes.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Bluetooth-Based Travel Time on Arterial Roads: A Case Study of Perth, Western Australia

Bluetooth (BT) time-stamped media access control (MAC) address data have been used for traffic studies worldwide. Although Bluetooth (BT) technology has been widely recognised as an effective, low-cost traffic data source in freeway traffic contexts, it is still unclear whether BT technology can provide accurate travel time (TT) information in complex urban traffic environments. Therefore, this empirical study aims to systematically evaluate the accuracy of BT travel time estimates in urban arterial contexts. There are two major hurdles to deriving accurate TT information for arterial roads: the multiple detection problem and noise in BT estimates. To date, they have not been fully investigated, nor have well-accepted solutions been found. Using approximately two million records of BT time-stamped MAC address data from twenty weekdays, this study uses five different BT TT-matching methods to investigate and quantify the impact of multiple detection problems and the noise in BT TT estimates on the accuracy of average BT travel times. Our work shows that accurate Bluetooth-based travel time information on signalised arterial roads can be derived if an appropriate matching method can be selected to smooth out the remaining noise in the filtered travel time estimates. Overall, average-to-average and last-to-last matching methods are best for long (>1 km) and short (≤1 km) signalised arterial road segments, respectively. Furthermore, our results show that the differences between BT and ground truth average TTs or speeds are systematic, and adding a calibration is a pragmatic method to correct inaccurate BT average TTs or speeds. The results of this research can help researchers and road operators to better understand BT technology for TT analysis and consequently to optimise the deployment location and configuration of BT MAC address scanners.
Optimization of conditions for the biological treatment of textile

In the 21 century, environmental pollution has been Background: acknowledged as one of the major problems. The textile and dyeing industries contribute a major portion by discharging intensely complex effluent consisting of highly noxious azoic dyes. In this study, biological treatment using acclimatized microorganisms Methods: were employed in search of a cheap and eco-friendly substitute for color removal from textile waste. The microbial inocula were isolated from effluent soil samples and then applied to flasks containing azo dyes as the only source of carbon for decolorization. Biochemical tests postulated predominance of and Results: Enterococcus bacterial strains. CO isolate or emerged as the best Bacillus Bacillus farraginis decolorizer of Orange M2R dye, decolorizing 98% of the dye. BG isolate or showed maximum decolorization on Green GS dye Paenibacillus macerans that decolorized 97% of the dye. The optimum physiochemical condition for decolorization of OM2R and GGS dye was pH 7.0, 2% NaCl conc. , 1% initial dye conc. and 37°C temperature by the selected isolates. The findings were validated and have the potential for Conclusions: bioremediation in textile waste effluent treatment plants.
PointNet and geometric reasoning for detection of grape vines from single frame RGB-D data in outdoor conditions

In this paper we present the usage of PointNet, a deep neural network that consumes raw un-ordered point clouds, for detection of grape vine clusters in outdoor conditions. We investigate the added value of feeding the detection network with both RGB and depth, contradictory to common practice in agricultural robotics of relying on RGB only. A total of 5057 pointclouds (1033 manually annotated and 4024 annotated using geometric reasoning) were collected in a field experiment conducted in outdoor conditions on 9 grape vines and 5 plants. The detection results show overall accuracy of 91% (average class accuracy of 74%, precision 53% recall 48%) for RGBXYZ data and a significant drop in recall for RGB or XYZ data only. These results suggest the usage of depth cameras for vision in agricultural robotics is crucial for crops where the color contrast between the crop and the background is complex. The results also suggest geometric reasoning can be used for increased training set size, a major bottleneck in the development of agricultural vision systems.
Distribution of Glycated Hemoglobin According to Gender, Age and Body Mass Index in Sudanese Adults without Diabetes

1 Depertment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan 2 Depertment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dongola University, Khartoum, Sudan 3 Depertment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan 4 Depertment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Khartoum, Sudan 5 Depertment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
Chemical properties, carotenoid, tocopherol and fatty acid composition of three clones of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) oil of different ripening stages

The differences in harvest time among clones of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) could affect their nutritional content and oil quality. The present work was therefore aimed to characterise the chemical properties and fatty acid composition of oil from three red fruit clones (Monsor, Memeri, Edewewits) during four ripening stages (unripe, half-ripe, ripe, overripe). The free fatty acid (FFA) in oil of Monsor clone increased along the ripening stage, but there were reductions in iodine, total carotenoids and total tocopherols, and unsaturated fatty acid values. Conversely, the FFA and saponification value in oil of Memeri and Edewewits clones decreased along the ripening stage, with the amounts of iodine, total carotenoids and total tocopherols, and unsaturated fatty acid increased. Maximum total carotenoids (4,090 ± 180 ppm) and total tocopherols (1,468 ± 474 ppm) in oil of Monsor clone were found at the ripe stage. Maximum total carotenoids (6,790 ± 130 ppm) and total tocopherols (1,402 ± 755 ppm) in oil of Memeri clone were found at the over-ripe stage. Maximum total carotenoids (7,723 ± 1,305 ppm) and total tocopherols (1,814 ± 357 ppm) contents in oil of Edewewits clone were also found at the over-ripe stage. Therefore, it could be concluded that the best harvest time for Monsor clone would be at the ripe stage, while for the Memeri and Edewewits clones at the over-ripe stage in order to obtain the maximum quality of oil.
Radiologic, Ultrasonic and pathological assessments of locally applied Chitosan on promotion of experimentally induced tibial fracture healing in rats

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ability of Chitosan to promote induced tibial fracture healing in a rat model. The study was conducted on 14 albino rats divided into two equal groups (seven rats in each group). The first group was considered as a control group. The second group was injected Chitosan solution 0.1 mg/kg into the fracture gap. The progress of healing in each group was evaluated by clinical, radiography, ultrasonography and pathological examinations. The healing process was observed to be superior in the Chitosan group compared to the control one. Chitosan was found to promote healing of injured bone and is suggested to be used in cases of complicated or delayed bone fracture.