Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Background: We assessed preferences for current health using the visual analogue scale (VAS), standard gamble (SG), time trade-off (TTO), and willingness to pay (WTP) in patients with cerebral aneurysms, a population vulnerable to cognitive deficits related to aneurysm bleeding or treatment. Methods: We measured VAS, SG, TTO, and WTP values for current health in 165 outpatients with cerebral aneurysms. We assessed cognitive impairment with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE; scores < 24 = cognitive impairment). We examined the distributions of preference responses stratified by cognitive status, and the relationship between preferences and cognitive impairment, patient characteristics, and aneurysm history. Results: Eleven patients (7%) had MMSE scores < 24. The distribution of preferences responses from patients with cognitive impairment had greater variance (SG, 0.39 vs. 0.21, P = 0.001; TTO, 0.36 vs. 0.24, P = 0.017) and altered morphology (VAS, P = 0.012; SG, P = 0.023) compared to the responses of unimpaired patients. There was good correlation between most preference measures for unimpaired patients (VAS:TTO, rho = 0.19, P = 0.018; SG:TTO, rho = 0.36, P < 0.001; SG:WTP, rho = -0.33, P < 0.001) and a trend towards significance with another pairing (VAS:WTP, rho = 0.16, P = 0.054). In subjects with cognitive impairment, there was a significant correlation only between VAS and TTO scores (rho = 0.76, P = 0.023). Separate regression models showed that cognitive impairment was associated with lower preferences on the VAS (β = -0.12, P = 0.048), SG (β = -0.23, P = 0.002), and TTO (β = -0.17, P = 0.035). Conclusion: Cognitive impairment is associated with lower preferences for current health in patients with cerebral aneurysms. Cognitively impaired patients have poor inter-preference test correlations and different response distributions compared to unimpaired patients. Background Patient preferences for health states, also known as health values or utilities, are central to decision analysis and costeffectiveness analysis. There are several methods to assess health state preferences, including the visual analogue scale (VAS), standard gamble (SG), time trade-off (TTO), and willingness to pay (WTP) methods [1-4]. The SG and TTO present the subject with a hypothetical choice involvPublished: 9 January 2009 Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2009, 7:1 doi:10.1186/1477-7525-7-1 Received: 16 May 2008 Accepted: 9 January 2009 This article is available from: http://www.hqlo. com/content/7/1/1 © 2009 King et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Background: Mapping from health status measures onto generic preference-based measures is becoming a common solution when health state utility values are not directly available for economic evaluation. However the accuracy and reliability of the models employed is largely untested, and there is little evidence of their suitability in patient datasets. This paper examines whether mapping approaches are reliable and accurate in terms of their predictions for a large and varied UK patient dataset. Methods: SF-36 dimension scores are mapped onto the EQ-5D index using a number of different model specifications. The predicted EQ-5D scores for subsets of the sample are compared across inpatient and outpatient settings and medical conditions. This paper compares the results to those obtained from existing mapping functions. Results: The model including SF-36 dimensions, squared and interaction terms estimated using random effects GLS has the most accurate predictions of all models estimated here and existing mapping functions as indicated by MAE (0.127) and MSE (0.030). Mean absolute error in predictions by EQ-5D utility range increases with severity for our models (0.085 to 0.34) and for existing mapping functions (0.123 to 0.272). Conclusion: Our results suggest that models mapping the SF-36 onto the EQ-5D have similar predictions across inpatient and outpatient setting and medical conditions. However, the models overpredict for more severe EQ-5D states; this problem is also present in the existing mapping functions. Background Clinical trials use a multitude of health status measures in order to measure health and health related quality of life. However, most of these measures cannot be used in assessments of cost effectiveness using cost per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY). Preference-based measures such as the EQ-5D are commonly used to do this, but are not always used in clinical studies. One solution to this problem is to apply a mapping function to convert nonpreference based health data into one of the generic preference-based measures; this is helpful to those submitting evidence to agencies such as NICE [1]. However the accuPublished: 31 March 2009 Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2009, 7:27 doi:10.1186/1477-7525-7-27 Received: 14 October 2008 Accepted: 31 March 2009 This article is available from: http://www.hqlo. com/content/7/1/27 © 2009 Rowen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Bias correction of precipitation through Singularity Stochastic Removal: Because occurrences matter

This study focuses on how the treatment of the rainfall occurrences in bias correction (BC) contexts may aﬀect the resulting precipitation, both in terms of occurrence and intensity. Three methodologies are compared—the “direct approach” (DA), the “Threshold Adaptation” approach (TA), and the “Positive Approach” (Pos)—as well as a method called “Singularity Stochastic Removal” (SSR) speciﬁcally developed for precipitation, all based on the same adjustment technique. Unlike the three other models, SSR allows dealing in the same way with the situations where the precipitation model has too many wet days or not with respect to the reference data. SSR also avoids separating the correction of the occurrence from that of the intensity, which constitutes a ﬂexible tool. First, the four approaches are applied to a historical regional climate model precipitation run. Evaluations are realized through occurrence- and intensity-related criteria. Although SSR, DA, and Pos may be close to each other depending on the criterion, in general, SSR provides the best results when all criteria are accounted for. This is even more true when the classical assumption that “the model precipitation had too many wet days” does not hold. The BC methods are also intercompared over the 2071–2100 period. The diﬀerent BC methods are in agreement with previous studies, with relatively equivalent evolutions from 1976–2005 to 2071–2100, although nuances are present from one BC method to another. As a global conclusion, the SSR method for precipitation is a good compromise to correct both occurrences and intensities.
U.S. air only fair.

importance of granulocytes in the process of reperfusion and ischemia. Most of the clinical studies measured several parameters of this process during and after coronary angiography, without taking into account the effect of the radiographic contrast media (RCM) used during this procedure. Materials and methods : We performed a randomized patient study (n /37) to evaluate the effect of ionic and non-ionic RCM on granulocyte adhesion during coronary angiography. We also evaluated the influence of the ionicity and osmolarity of the different substances on granulocyte adhesion molecules in in vitro experiments. Results : The osmolarity of patient serum samples increased from 3029/1 to 3099/1 mOsm/kg (p B/0.05) after infusion of RCM. The CD11b expression in the samples of the non-ionic RCM treated group increased from 2219/21 MFI to 3779/30 MFI (p B/0.05) measured as the absolute mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), yet did not alter significantly in the ionic RCM group. In contrast, the in vitro experiments showed a reduction of the CD11b expression from 3609/70 MFI to 1499/30 MFI (p B/0.05) in the ionic RCM group. Conclusions : The upregulation of adhesion molecules was significantly reduced in vivo with ionic RCM, while ionic substances caused opposite effects in vitro . This effect should be taken into account when performing leukocyte functional analysis of samples taken during angiography.
Ecologie et dynamique de la vegetation de l ’ Aures : analyse spatio-temporelle et etude de la flore forestiere et montagnarde

This study is focused on ecology and dynamics of the vegetation and the forest mountain flora in the Aur\`es area. It’s articulated on 3 parts. In the first part, the presentation of the study area from environmental and bioclimatological was performed. The second part is devoted to the ecology of the vegetation and flora of the Aur\`es . It is structured into 6 chapters. Aspects relating to the patrimonial interest of the flora of the cedar plantation of Ouled Yagoub and with the ecology of the species relic in the area of Aures (Juniperus will thurifera L) were studied. The last three chapters are devoted to the vegetation of Ch\'elia from typology point, determinism ecopedologic and anthropic perturbation. The last part is reserved for dynamics of the vegetation, by using different approaches. The geomatic analysis shows a clear regression of the forest formations, whereas the diachronic study over ten years of the flora reveals also an evolutionary tendency towards the open and degraded formations. The pedoanthracologic study which enabled us to recall the phytohistoric area reveals forest mediums with oak zeen and yew formerly largely answe
Same but different: New insights on the correspondence between subjective affective experience and physiological responses from representational similarity analyses

Classical views suggest that experienced affect is related to a specific bodily response (Fingerprint hypothesis), whereas recent perspectives challenge this view postulating that similar affective experiences rather evoke different physiological responses. To further advance this debate in the field, we used representational similarity analysis (N= 64) to investigate the correspondence between subjective affect (arousal and valence ratings) and physiological reactions (skin conductance response [SCR], startle blink response, heart rate and corrugator activity) across various emotion induction contexts (picture viewing task, sound listening task and imagery task). Significant similarities were exclusively observed between SCR and arousal in the picture viewing task. However, none of the other physiological measures showed a significant relation with valence and arousal ratings in any of the tasks. These findings tend to support the populations hypothesis, suggesting that there is no clear match between the evoked physiological responses and the experienced subjective affect between individuals. Statement of relevance The subjective affective experience evoked by an event is accompanied by physiological responses. The correspondence between physiological response patterns and the experienced affect, however, is still under debate. Classical views (Fingerprint hypothesis) suggest that affect is related to a specific physiological response, whereas recent perspectives (Populations hypothesis) challenge this view, postulating rather different physiological responses. In the current study, we used representational similarity analysis (RSA) to examine the relation between affective experience, assessed using valence and arousal ratings, and the evoked physiological reactivity across three affect-inducing contexts. Results showed significant similarities exclusively between SCR and arousal in the passive picture viewing task. However, none of the other physiological measures showed a significant relation with valence and arousal ratings in any of the tasks, supporting the populations hypothesis. These findings invite to reframe the relation between physiology and affect from invariant and homogeneous to variant and context-dependent.
A Thecamoebian Assemblage from the Manjir Formation (Early Permian) of Northwest Himalaya, India

A fairly well preserved and diverse assemblage of thecamoebians is reported here from the palynological preparations of the Early Permian Manjir Formation. This Formation is in the Chamba Basin of the northwestern Himalaya in Himanchal Pradesh, India. It has been assigned an Early Permian age on the basis of characteristic palynomorphs (Pande et al. , 2004). This study documents for the first time an Early Permian thecamoebian assemblage from the Himalayan region. Morphologically these forms are comparable to the extant thecamoebian genera like Centropyxis, Arcella, Difflugia, Cyclopyxis, Cucurbitella, Amphitrema, Lagenodifflugia and Lesquereusia . This find supports the current hypothesis of minimal evolution in thecamoebian lineages through geologic time.
A Very Model of a Modern Human Industry: New Perspectives on the Origins and Spread of the Aurignacian in Europe

This paper accepts the position that the European Aurignacian should be seen as a reflection of behaviour connected to a modern human dispersal. A two-phase dispersal model (‘Pioneer’ and ‘Developed’ fades) is proposed to explain the variations in artefactual diversity and spatio-temporal patterning, enacted by directional, rapid movement across the continent rather than by a ‘Wave-of-Advance’. Presumed behavioural signatures of this population dispersal, notably what is here termed ‘behavioural flexibility’, are also explored. Résumé Cette étude adopte la position que l'Aurignacien européen devrait être considéré comme un reflet de la façon d'agir liée à une dispersion moderne des individus. On propose un modèle de dispersion en deux phases (faciès ‘pionnier’ et faciès ‘développé’) pour expliquer les variations dans la diversité des artefacts et le schéma spatio-temporel, représenté par un mouvement rapide dans une direction particulière à travers le continent plutôt que par une avancée sous forme de vague. On explore également des signatures présumées de la façon d'agir de cette population en dispersion, notamment ce qu'on apppelle ici ‘flexibilité de conduite’. Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel akzeptiert die Position, daß das europäische Aurignacian als eine Reflektion von Verhalten gesehen werden muß, das mit der Verbreitung des modernen Menschen verbunden ist. Ein Ausbreitungsmodell mit zwei Phasen (‘Pioniere’ und ‘entwickelte’ Fazies) wird vorgeschlagen, das die Variationen in der Vielfalt der Artefakte und die räumlich-zeitliche Strukturbildung erklärt. Dabei wird eher von gerichteten, schnellen Bewegungen über den Kontinent hinweg ausgegangen, als von einem „wellenförmigem Vordringen‟. Schließlich wird auch das mögliche Verhalten untersucht, besonders auch im Hinblick auf die so genannte „Verhaltensflexibilität‟, das zu einer solchen Bevölkerungsverbreitung geführt hat. Resúmen Este trabajo acepta la postura de que el Aurignaciense en Europa debe entenderse como el reflejo de un comportamiento asociado a la dispersión de humanos biológicamente modernos. Para explicar las variaciones en diversidad de los artefactos y recurrencias espacio-temporales, se propone un modelo de dispersión en dos fases (‘Pionera’ y ‘Desarrollada’), realizadas en rápidos movimientos direccionales a través del continente, y no de acuerdo con el modelo ‘Ola-de-Avancc’. También se exploran algunas de las posibles huellas dejadas por esta dispersión de población, notablemente lo que en este trabajo llamamos “flexibilidad de comportamiento”.
The Poisson ratio and crustal structure across the NE Tibetan Plateau determined from receiver functions

We selected broadband teleseismic waveform data recorded by the Gansu Digital Seismic Network to study the crustal and upper mantle structure beneath the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau.The crustal thickness and V-P/V-S ratio are estimated by the grid-search method using crustal conversion and multiples,assuming an average P-wave velocity in the crust.Teleseismic P waveform modeling is carried out to investigate the S-wave velocity structure,assuming the fixed V-P/V-S value inferred from the grid-search method.Our results show that the crust is 50～55km thick beneath Qilian terrane,and about 45 km beneath the Hexi corridor and Qaidam terrane.The V-P/V-S ranges from 1.66～1.85,and the Poisson's ratio is about 0.215～0.294. Our results also show that the Moho interface is sharp beneath the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau.Both of the low-to-normal Poisson's ratio and the sharp Moho don't support the argument of significant partial melting in the upper-to-middle crust and underplating beneath the lower crust of the Northeastern Tibet Plateau.The existence of anticorrelation between V-P/V-S and the crustal thickness strongly suggests that the crust is mainly composed of felsic mineral in the northeastern Tibetan crust.The seismic evidence may indicate that the thickened crust,mostly in its upper part,is probably due to successive intracrustal thrusts.
Eastern Atlantic Spring Experiment 1997 (EASE97) 1. Measurements of OH and HO2 concentrations at Mace Head, Ireland

[i] We report measurements of the hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxy (HO 2 ) radicals, taken over 20 days, in the remote marine boundary layer at Mace Head, Ireland, during April and May 1997. OH was monitored directly by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy at 308 nm, and HO 2 was measured by chemical conversion to OH upon the addition of NO, with subsequent detection by LIF. The detection limit of the instrument at midday for OH was 6.0 x 10 5 molecule cm -3 (0.0024 parts per trillion by volume (pptv)) and for HO 2 was 3.0 x 10 6 molecule cm -3 (0.12 pptv), as defined for a signal integration period of 2.5 min and a signal-to-noise ratio of 1. Midday OH and HO 2 concentrations were between 2.0-6.0 x 10 6 molecule cm -3 (0.08-0.24 pptv) and 0.5-3.5 x 10 8 molecule cm -3 (2.5-14 pptv), respectively. OH concentrations correlated well with the rate of OH production from ozone photolysis for clean air from the Arctic containing low concentrations of both NO x and nonmethane hydrocarbons. A lower correlation was observed in more polluted air that originated from the United Kingdom and continental Europe. Measurements of OH and HO 2 were made throughout two nights, and although no evidence was seen for OH above the detection limit, up to 2 pptv of HO 2 was observed. The measured HO 2 /OH ratio was in good agreement with the predictions of a steady state expression for NO in the range 75-400 pptv.
Archive of SID

This study determined the effectiveness of mindfulness training on ego strengths and metacognitive beliefs of the students. Research method was quasi experimental. Statistical population of this study included all the students of Islamic Azad university of Karaj, (30000 people in 2017-2018). 30 students were selected using available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The psychosocial inventory of ego strengths by Markstrom et al. (1997) and the metacognitive beliefs questionnaire of CartwrightHatton and Wells (2004) distributed among the participants in both groups. Then, Mindfulness training applied in 8 two-hour sessions for experimental group while control group didn’t take any medical or psychological treatment. After Mindfulness training intervention, the questionnaires redistributed among groups. After analyzing the data by Covariance test and variance analysis using 21st version of spss software, results indicated that mindfulness has a significant effect on metacognitive beliefs and its subscales (uncontrollability and danger, positive beliefs about worry, cognitive self-consciousness, cognitive confidence, need to control thoughts) and also on the ego strength and its subscales, (hope, will, purpose, competency, love, care and wisdom) (p < 0.05) except fidelity (p > 0.05). Althoght the mean score for fidelity component was increased but it was not statistically significant.
A Global Database of Land Surface Parameters at 1-km Resolution in Meteorological and Climate Models

Abstract Ecoclimap, a new complete surface parameter global dataset at a 1-km resolution, is presented. It is intended to be used to initialize the soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer schemes (SVATs) in meteorological and climate models (at all horizontal scales). The database supports the “tile” approach, which is utilized by an increasing number of SVATs. Two hundred and fifteen ecosystems representing areas of homogeneous vegetation are derived by combining existing land cover maps and climate maps, in addition to using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data. Then, all surface parameters are derived for each of these ecosystems using lookup tables with the annual cycle of the leaf area index (LAI) being constrained by the AVHRR information. The resulting LAI is validated against a large amount of in situ ground observations, and it is also compared to LAI derived from the International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP-2) database and the Polarization and Direc.
Treating Geriatric Sports Injury Among Pickleball Players: A Narrative Review of an Exercise Craze Among Seniors

The sudden and enormous popularity of pickleball has included a surprising and large contingent of geriatric players. Similar to tennis and badminton, pickleball is a game with a short learning curve that offers low-impact cardiovascular benefits. Unlike tennis, most injuries in pickleball are sustained by older rather than younger players. In fact, pickleball-related injuries increase with increasing age. Such injuries include strains, sprains, joint pain, falls, and fractures. The most affected joints are the wrists, shoulders, knees, and ankles. Clinicians can advise their older pickleball patients on strategies and tips to minimize the risk of injury. This may be particularly important because many older individuals playing pickleball today were previously sedentary. Older people may be attracted to pickleball because it is an inclusive sport with a high socialization factor. Nevertheless, pickleball can deliver an excellent cardiovascular workout and it may be an example of a successful way to promote exercise among older people and those who resist exercise.
SIGACT News Complexity Theory Column 12

Please don't be shy about sending even vague pointers to people who may have complete or partial resolutions of the problems mentioned in any of the open questions columns that have appeared as earlier complexity theory columns. Though I don't give a dollar for each solved problem (what do you expect on a theoretician's salary! ), I'll be delighted to report in this space on resolutions (such as the thrilling resolution by Cai and Sivakumar that was mentioned in the previous column). Without further delay, here is this issue's guest column, by Mihir Bellare.