Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental covariates for modelling the distribution and abundance of breeding ducks in northern North America: a review

ABSTRACT Many studies over the past 50 years have sought to identify environmental factors influencing breeding duck abundance and distribution in northern North America. Because results are currently scattered within the scientific literature, a summary of established duck-habitat associations would help to orientate future modelling research. Our goal was to review the published research testing for duck-habitat associations in northern North America. We reviewed 124 studies, summarizing their geographical coverage and species representation, and then analyzing the duck-habitat associations they tested. We identified 533 associations on 133 covariates falling into 16 environmental classes. Covariates of the ‘wetland’ classes were the most frequently associated with ducks; among these, ‘wetland area’ and ‘wetland density’ were the most common. ‘Climate’ covariates were the second most common associations, suggesting the potential for projecting the effects of climate change on ducks. The best-documented anthropogenic class was ‘agriculture’, for which associations with ducks were mostly negative. However, relatively few studies tested for associations with covariates for anthropogenic disturbances, which suggests that more research is needed to support forecasts of duck distribution under future human activity. This review and the accompanying database of duck-habitat associations will support future modelling studies by facilitating the selection of suitable habitat covariates.
Estimation of Genetic Variability and Character Association of Fruit Yield and Quality Traits in Tomato

The present study was taken up at the Central Research Farm, Gayeshpur, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal during 2012-2013 for 16 characters of 30 tomato genotype. Maximum fruit yield was found in BCT115dg, BCT111rin, BCT 53hyv and AC aft. Among these genotype BCT111rin one of the most promising one showed maximum plant height, equator and polar diameter, TSS and fruit yield. The estimates of phenotypic and genotypic variances were found to be very high for acidity content, ascorbic acid, plant height and fruits plant -1 . Genetic advance in percentage along with heritability were highest for fruits plant -1 followed by acidity content and lycopene content indicating high selection response. Equatorial diameter, locule number, ascorbic acid and acidity content showed positive correlation with yield as well as they have direct effect. Hence these traits can be used as selection indices in tomato to bring about the improvement in fruit yield.
Seed germination of tangled lignum (Duma florulenta) and nitre goosefoot (Chenopodium nitrariaceum) under experimental hydrological regimes

The distribution of plants on flood plains depends on the hydrological regime on the flood plain and the hydrological requirements of the plants. The aims of the present study were to: (1) determine the relationships between germination of tangled lignum (Duma florulenta) and nitre goosefoot (Chenopodium nitrariaceum) and hydrological regime; (2) determine the buoyancy of the seeds of the two species, and hence the ability of the seeds to disperse by water; and (3) inform environmental flow requirements for the two species. Seeds of tangled lignum germinated best on soaked soil and on soil inundated for 20 days. Seeds of nitre goosefoot germinated best on soil inundated for 5 days and on soaked soil. The majority of tangled lignum seeds floated for at least 7 days. The majority of nitre goosefoot seeds sank within 7 days. The results of the present study are consistent with the observed distributions of the species on flood plains. Tangled lignum requires ~20 days of flooding and wet soils following flood recession for optimal germination. Nitre goosefoot requires a few days of flooding and wet soils following flood recession for optimal germination. The inundation requirements for germination of tangled lignum and nitre goosefoot should be considered in the management of environmental flows.
Traits mediate a trade‐off in seedling growth response to light and conspecific density in a diverse subtropical forest

Understanding tree species responses to biotic and abiotic factors is fundamental for stronger predictions of community assembly and dynamics. However, several challenges remain. These include a failure to investigate whether there is evidence for key hypothesized life‐history trade‐offs and to link these trade‐offs to functional traits. In this study, we seek to explicitly address the above outstanding challenges by constructing models for individual seedling growth in response to abiotic and biotic factors using 3 years of seedling census data from a 20‐ha subtropical forest dynamics plot in a diverse subtropical forest and correlated these responses with functional traits. We found that light and conspecific neighbours increase and decrease the RGR of tree seedlings respectively. We also found that the ability of a species to positively respond to canopy openness trades‐off against susceptibility to conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD). This trade‐off was evident across seasons and could be predicted on functional trait—stem and leaf dry matter content. Synthesis. Our findings indicate species that can grow quickly in high‐light environments also tend to suffer more CNDD. The results highlight that strong evidence of a trade‐off relating to growth and defence widely hypothesized to be of importance in diverse tree communities and that this trade‐off occurs across seasons and can be linked to a commonly measured functional trait.
Use of Wearable Device among Adults in the US with Self-reported Diabetes Mellitus: An Analysis of the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, patterns, and sociodemographic predictors of wearable device use among individuals with self-reported diabetes mellitus. Methods: Data for our analysis was drawn from cycle 3 (2019) of the 5th edition of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5). Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the demographic characteristics, prevalence, and frequency of wearable device use among individuals with diabetes mellitus. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the sociodemographic predictors of wearable device use. Results: We identified 1149 individuals who self-reported diabetes mellitus. Of these, 51.2% were females, 59.3% were white, and 51.6% had less than a college education. The prevalence of wearable device use was 20%. Further, a sizable proportion (86.1%) of the wearable device users were willing to share information from their wearable devices with their healthcare provider, and almost half of them (43.4%) reported daily use of these devices in the past 1-month. Significant sociodemographic predictors of wearable device use include age, income, and level of education. Conclusion: Our results highlight the feasibility and acceptability of using wearable devices to deliver evidence-based health care to individuals with diabetes. Future interventions should consider the scalability of these tools and how to reach those subgroups of individuals with diabetes mellitus to whom current technologies may be unavailable.
Exploring neolocalism among Finger Lakes breweries and local communities: Merits and cautions

ABSTRACT Neolocalism has much to offer the local development literature. Highly discussed in the food and beverage tourism literature, neolocalism has shown merits for marketing place-based aspects of craft beverages to tourists and locals alike; however, few offer cautions against neolocalism, its limits, and its dark side. This article specifically examines how neolocalism is expressed among 41 breweries in the Finger Lakes region of New York. This article employs accessible research methods to identify expressions of neolocalism and to create a rubric to assess neolocalism, including location, naming, and storytelling. Using an online platform for consumer ratings, neolocalism correlated with brewery ratings in addition to other brewery attributes and beer ratings evaluated. Exemplars of neolocalism are featured, so others can see more in-depth examples of how it is expressed. Finally, implications for future research, policy, and practice are shared highlighting the merits and cautions regarding neolocalism.
EFFECT OF PARENT SELECTION IN APPLE SEED ROOTSTOCK BREEDING PROGRAM FOR UNIFORM TREE PRODUCTION

Present study was conducted in 2014-2015 to decrease genetic variability in apple seed rootstocks in order to produce trees with morphological uniformity. Effect of two different Half-Sib seed lots of “Morabbaei” was compared on 7-Year-old trees of the six apple commercial cultivars. The open pollinated seed lots were collected from selected maternal parents as two homonym Iranian native self compatible crabs "Morabbaei" characterized by different origin viz. Isfahan and Karaj. Results of study revealed that the rootstock, graft point and trunk diameters were not significantly affected by different seed lots, scion and their interaction. The highest mean of shoot number was reported in "Red Delicious" on “Morabbaei1” seed rootstocks, for both years. Further, no significant difference was observed in case of branch angle in "Granny Smith", "Braeburn", "Gala" and "Golab-e Kohanz" grafted on the two seed lots of "Morabbaei1" and on "Morabbaei2". The highest number of lenticels was reported in "Golab-e Kohanz" on Morabbaei1 seed stock, in the first year of study. All tree growth components including shoot length, shoot thickness and internode length were significantly affected at 1% level by year, rootstock and scion interaction. In general, except stable traits of the cultivars, the studied rootstocks induced similar vegetative behavior in the scions causing improved tree uniformity. * Corresponding author KEYWORDS
Adolescent mental health: analysis using YP-CORE test in School health services in Croatia

Adolescent mental health problems are a leading health problem in this population and remain unrecognized for a long time. The aim of this study was to examine the mental health problems with YP-CORE test as a part of regular school health periodic examination of first-year secondary school students (ages 15-16). Study included 392 first-year Zagreb secondary school students (74.5% girls) academic year 2019/2020. Data were collected by YP-CORE test ten questions about feeling over the last week. The students provided informed consent, and testing was done during regular periodic examinations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. At risk of mental health problems were 7.5% of girls (22/292) and 2.0% of boys. Nine girls (3.1%) had a low overall score, ≤ 19 points, which would mean little risk but had a positive answer to the question 'I've thought of hurting myself'. Ten girls (3.3%) had a score of ≥ 20, which meant an increased risk and a particularly positive answer was the 'I've thought of hurting myself' question. Three girls (1%) had a score of ≥ 20, which meant an increased risk with no additional risk of auto-aggression. The results in the boys are completely different. Two students, 2% (2/100) had a total score of ≥ 17, which meant an increased risk and a particularly positive answer was the 'I've thought of hurting myself' question. All recognized risk students are immediately involved in the counseling of the School and University Medicine Counseling Services provided by every secondary school in Croatia. The results of the study showed that mental health problems have 6.1% secondary school students with gender differences, girls 7.5%, boys 2%. School health service developed a protocol for students at increased risk. The first step is school medicine specialist interview with the student, then with the parents and the student, and second step including school staff and other professionals. Early identification of mental health problems, timely intervention and continuous monitoring of mental health among secondary school students in Croatia. Counseling service for students should be available within the school health service, implementing preventative measures and working closely with other services and professionals.
Asymmetric Magnetoelectrochemistry: An Efficient Method to Grow Enantiopure Self-Assemble Monolayer

In this work, we are presenting magnetic field dependent electrochemical method to grow enantiopure monolayer. Thiol gold monolayer formation by redox reaction is studied on gold coated ferromagnetic surface. Infrared and photoemission spectroscopies are used to probe the quality of the monolayers, grown using different direction of magnetization of surface. Commercially available chiral molecules, L-cysteine along with dsDNA are used as control molecules for the measurements. Since it is established by aligning the electron spin within the surface, it helps to adsorb specific enantiomer of molecules, we have shown how direction of the magnet helps to grow good quality monolayer. Potential application of this work is in improving quality of monolayer and chiral separation.
Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication by Traditional Chinese Medicinal HerbalExtracts

Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the current treatment for HIV/AIDS and contains a combination of anti-HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. It is effective in suppressing HIV replication and subsequently improving the patients’ survival. However, the issues associated with use of HARRT such as the high cost, severe side effects, and drug resistance has called for development of alternative anti-HIV therapeutic strategies. In this study, we screened several traditional Chinese medicinal herbal extracts for their anti- HIV activities and determined their anti-HIV mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Nine traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herbal plants and their respective parts derived from Hainan Island, China were extracted using a series of organic solvents, vacuum dried, and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Initial anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity of these extracts were evaluated in HIV-infected human CD4+ T lymphocytes Jurkat. Extracts of higher anti-HIV activities and lower cytotoxicity were selected from the initial screening, and further examined for their effects on HIV-1 entry, post-entry, reverse transcriptase, gene transcription and expression using a series of virology and biochemistry strategies. Results: Four extracts derived from two different herbal plants completely blocked HIV-1 replication and showed little cytotoxicity at a concentration of 10 μg/ml. None of these four extracts had any inhibitory effects on HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter. Two of them exhibited direct inhibitory activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). All four extracts showed significant blocking of HIV-1 entry into target cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that four TCM extracts were capable of preventing HIV-1 infection and replication by blocking viral entry and/or directly inhibiting the RT activity. These results suggest the possibility of developing these extracts as potential anti-HIV therapeutic agents.
Exploring connectivity between spawning and nursery areas of Mullus barbatus (L., 1758) in the Mediterranean through a dispersal model

Connectivity between spawning and nursery areas plays a major role in determining the spatial structure of fish populations and the boundaries of stock units. Here, the potential effects of surface current on a red mullet population in the Central Mediterranean were simulated using a physical oceanographic model. Red mullet larvae were represented as Lagrangian drifters released in known spawning areas of the Strait of Sicily (SoS), which represents one of the most productive demersal fishing-grounds of the Mediterranean. To consider the effect of inter-annual variability of oceanographic patterns, numerical simulations were performed for the spawning seasons from 1999 to 2012. The main goal was to explore connectivity between population subunits, in terms of spawning and nursery areas, inhabiting the northern (Sicilian-Maltese) and southern (African) continental shelves of the SoS. The numerical simulations revealed a certain degree of connectivity between the Sicilian–Maltese and the African sides of the SoS. Connectivity is present in both directions, but it is stronger from the Sicilian–Maltese spawning areas to the African nurseries owing to the marine circulation features of the region. However, because the majority of the larvae are transported to areas unsuitable for settlement or outside the SoS, the dispersal process is characterized by a strong loss of potential settlers born in the spawning areas. These results are in agreement with the low genetic heterogeneity reported for this species in the Mediterranean Sea and support the existence of a metapopulation structure of red mullet in the SoS and the adjacent areas.
Impacts of Attitudes Toward Government and Corporations on Public Trust in Artificial Intelligence

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) has alarmed the society of Taiwan believing it is responsible for potential surveillance, data theft and abuse, and other privacy infringements. By adopting the theory of motivated reasoning, this study explores how Taiwanese people’s perceptions of AI are affected by their institutional trust, attitudes toward the government and corporations, which are the two most common sponsors of scientific development. First, findings establish that respondents’ science trust in AI is made up of perceptions of AI and its science community, and they have lower faith in the AI science community than in AI alone. Second, the perceptions of both AI and its science community are positively associated with trust in government and corporations. Third, scientific news has a direct bearing on AI trust, but not on either government or corporation trust. By contrast, political news has no effect on either trust in AI or its science community, yet trust in government and corporations mediates the influence of political news on trust in AI and its science community. Finally, demographic variables hardly predict trust in AI, AI science community, government, and corporations, but education and gender are directly related to news consumption, which further influences institutional and science trust.
Mechanical and microstructural characterization of epoxy/sawdust (Pinus elliottii) composites

The use of wood residues in polymeric matrices is notable for promoting significant mechanical reinforcement of the matrix. Such composites are widely used in the development of new composite materials with tunable mechanical properties for a variety of applications. In this work, polymeric composites with epoxy resin as the polymeric matrix and Pinus elliottii wood residue as the reinforcement were obtained. The composites were obtained by adding wood residue (sawdust) with particle sizes of 0.30, 0.60, and 1.19 millimeters into an epoxy matrix to determine the best mechanical properties of the composite as a function of the particle size. The polymer/sawdust composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and stress–strain tests. SEM images revealed a smooth and homogeneous surface free of defects and holes. However, lateral profile images showed the presence of fine sawdust particles agglomerated and a considerable number of bubbles and cavities that could interfere in the mechanical properties of the composites. The FTIR characterization of the composite identified the main bands related to epoxy and lignin/cellulose chains. The results of the mechanical properties suggested that epoxy composites with sawdust can increase its tensile strength according to the sawdust particle size introduced into the matrix.
Physiological Responses of Two Cool-season Grass Species to Trinexapac-ethyl under Traffic Stress

Trafﬁc stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that limits grass growth in lawn ﬁelds. The severity of losses depends on several factors, including the number of events per season, the athletic ﬁeld size, and the soil moisture content during the trafﬁc incident. Trinexapac-ethyl (TE) isconsidered toinﬂuence plant tolerance totrafﬁcstress. Therefore, the physiological responses of the wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum L.) and tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea L. cv. Rebel) species to different levels of TE and trafﬁc stress were investigated. A factorial experiment including combination of TE application and trafﬁc stress treatments was performed based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2014 and 2015. The treatments, including trafﬁc stress (trafﬁc and nontrafﬁc stress) and TE at three levels (0, 0.25, and 0.5 kg · ha L 1 ), were applied once every 3 weeks. The simulated trafﬁc stress was imposed using a Brinkman trafﬁc simulator (BTS). The results showed that trafﬁc stressreduced the turf quality, relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll content, and antioxidant activity and increased electrolyte leakage (EL), soluble sugar content (SSC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in both species.
Diagnosis of Photobacterium sanguinicancri in Smout-hound Shark (Mustelus mustelus, Linnaeus 1758)

Bu calisma, Turkiye'deki bir deniz akvaryumunda stresli kosullar altinda bulunan tazi kopekbaliklarinda (Mustelus mustelus, Linnaeus 1758) meydana olumlerin nedenlerinin belirlenmesini amaclamaktadir. Eksternal olarak olmek uzere olan tazi kopekbaliklarinin cesitli vucut kisimlarinda, ozellikle gogus yuzgeclerinde ve deride belirli bolgelerinde kanamalari vardi. Internal olarak soluk karaciger ve dalakta psodotuberkuller ana patolojik bulgulardi. Bakteriyolojik inceleme icin ic organlardan ve kandan ornekler marine agar (MA) iceren petrilere ekimler yapilmis ve 22°C'de 72 saat inkube edilmistir. Bipolar boyama ozelligi gosteren gram negatif hareketli basiller dalak, bobrek ve karaciger dahil olmak uzere cesitli dokulardan izole edilmistir. Morfolojik ve biyokimyasal ozelliklerine ve 16S rRNA gen dizilimine gore, bu izolatlar Photobacterium sanguinicancri olarak tanimlandi. Bu nedenle, akvaryumda tutulan tazi kopekbaliklarinda bu hastalik salginina photobacteriosis’in neden oldugu sonucuna varilmistir. Literatur arastirmasina gore, bu kopekbaligi turunde Photobacterium sanguinicancri'nin neden oldugu photobacteriosis'i tanimlayan ilk rapor budur.
An Investigation into Adolescents’ Self-perception as Readers

The purpose of this study is to investigate adolescents' (Grade 8, Grade 9, and Grade 10 students) self-perception as readers. The sample consisted of 184 students (91 males and 93 females). Students’ self-perception as readers were measured by using Reader Self-perception Scale 2 was developed by Henk, Melnick, and Marinak (2013). Descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. This study showed that young learners’ self-perception as readers was satisfactory. According to the results of the t test, female students’ self-perception as readers was significantly higher than that of male students at p < . 05. One-way ANOVA revealed that Grade 10 students’ self-perception as reader specifically in progress category was highest among Grade 8, Grade 9, and Grade 10 students at p < . 01.