Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Deltoid Muscle Activation From Different Angles in Body Building Athletes

Objectives It is known that bodybuilders suffer from shoulder injuries frequently. Therefore, it is important to determine the most appropriate form of movement during shoulder exercises. For this reason, this study was carried out to determine the most accurate form of movement by examining the deltoid muscle activation of bodybuilders from different angles. Methods The survey model, one of the quantitative research techniques, was used in this study. 53 athletes (44 men, 9 women) with an age of 25.77±9.13 years, height of 177.07±8.40 cm, body weight of 78.06±14.16 kg, and body mass index of 24.78±3.43 kg/m2 who regularly attended bodybuilding gyms were included in the study. The deltoid activations of the participants was measured, while the glenohumeral joint is at 90°, the cubital joint is in abduction at 180°, 150° and 120°. surface electromyography (sEMG) biofeedback was determined using the Neurotrac Myoplus Pro device. Joint angles were determined with a goniometer. Statistical analyses of the study were performed using the SPSS 25 package program. It was found that the data were normally distributed and the Repeated measures Anova test was applied for comparisons. Results As a result of statistical analysis, in male participants, mean deltoid sEMG values and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC [%]) significantly decreased with decreasing angle size (p<0.05). In female participants, the average sEMG and MVC (%) values did not change at different angles (p>0.05). Conclusion According to the research results, shoulder sEMG activations decrease in direct proportion to the angle in bodybuilders. When the glenohumeral joint is 90° and the cubital joint is 180°, the activation of the medial deltoid muscle is highest. It is suggested that bodybuilders should consider the results of our study when performing exercises to hypertrophy the deltoid muscle.
The Bering Sea Green Belt: shelf-edge processes and ecosystem production

The concept of a highly productive habitat, or Green Belt, along the edge of the continental shelf in the Bering Sea is based upon compelling but fragmentary and often anecdotal observations of a variety of physical and biological features acquired from many sources over many years. Enhanced production at continental margins is not a novel concept, but in the case of the Bering Sea its importance has been overlooked during studies of the unusually broad continental shelf. The limited data reported from the vicinity of the shelf edge in the Bering Sea indicate that annual primary production can be as high as 175 to 275 g C m˜ year-, or approximately 60% greater than production in the adjacent outer shelf domain and 270% greater than in the oceanic domain. Estimates of annual secondary production at the eastern shelf edge also average approximately 60% higher than estimates for the outer domain and 260% higher than those for the oceanic domain. Physical processes at the shelf edge, such as intensive tidal mixing and transverse circulation and eddies in the Bering Slope Current, bring nutrients into the euphoric zone and contribute to enhanced primary and secondary production and elevated biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Fishes and squids concentrate in this narrow corridor because of favourable feeding conditions and because of a thermal refuge from cold shelf-bottom temperatures that can be found at the shelf edge from fall to spring. The abundance of zooplankton, fishes and squids, in turn, attracts large numbers of marine birds and mammals. In aggregate, the observations suggest that sustained primary productivity, intense food web exchange and high transfer efficiency at the shelf edge are important to biomass yield at numerous trophic levels and to ecosystem production of the Bering Sea.
2-BFI protects against ischemic stroke by selectively acting on NR2B-containing NMDA receptors

NMDA receptors play opposing roles in the pathology of ischemic stroke, depending on whether they contain the NR2A or NR2B subunit. Building on our previous �nding that the compound 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI) can inhibit NMDA receptor currents and exert neuroprotective effects during ischemic stroke, here we examined whether 2-BFI acts on NR2A-and/or NR2B-containing NMDARs. Whole-cell patch-clamp results showed that 2-BFI dose-dependently inhibited NR2A-containing NMDARs currents (IC 50 = 238.6µM) and NR2B-containing NMDARs currents (IC 50 = 18.47µM). Experiments in HEK293 cells expressing exogenous receptor subunits showed that 2-BFI exhibited a signi�cantly higher a�nity towards NR2B-containing NMDARs as compared to NR2A-containing ones. Administering both 2-BFI and an inhibitor of the NR2A subunit NVP-AAM077 to rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO) led to less severe cerebral ischemic injury than administering only NVP-AAM077. 2-BFI signi�cantly altered the expression of proteins downstream of NR2B-containing NMDA receptor, but not of proteins downstream of NR2A-containing receptor. These results suggest that 2-BFI may exert neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke by preferentially inhibiting NR2B-containing NMDA receptors.
Knowledge-map analysis of bladder cancer immunotherapy

ABSTRACT This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis in the field of bladder cancer (BC) immunotherapy, and explore the research trends, hotspots and frontiers from 2000 to 2022. VOSviewer software was used to analyze the collaborative relationships between authors, institutions, countries/regions, and journals through citation, co-authorship, and co-citation analysis, to identify research hotspots and frontiers in this field. Researchers based in the United States of America have published a total of 627 papers with 27,308 citations. Indeed, the USA ranked first among the top 10 most active countries and showed the most extensive collaboration with other countries. The University of Texas MD Anderson CANC CTR has published 58 articles, making it the top most institution in terms of published articles and active collaborative research. Kamat AM and Lamm DL were the most active and co-cited authors with 28 papers and 980 co-citations, respectively. Chang Yuan and Xu le were the most active collaborative authors with a total link strength of 195. The J UROLOGY was the most active and frequently co-cited journal, with 100 papers and 6,668 co-citations. Studies of BC immunotherapy can be broadly classified into three categories: “basic research”, “clinical trial”, and “prognosis”. Our findings provide an overview of the research priorities and future directions of BC immunotherapy. Tumor microenvironment and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) of BC, as well as the combination of ICIs with other drugs, may become the main direction of future research.
Snow accumulation and snowmelt as influenced by a small clearing in a lodgepole pine forest

Snow accumulation was observed under a thinned lodgepole pine stand about 35 feet tall and 80 years old for two winter seasons before and two seasons after cutting a clearing 1 tree height wide and 5 tree heights long. The clearing was on a gently sloping plateau 9000 feet above msl and was oriented perpendicularly to the prevailing southwest wind. The maximum snowpack water equivalent the first year after clearing averaged 13.1 inches in the upwind forest, 16.2 inches in the clearing, and 12.2 inches in the downwind forest zone. The snow accumulation pattern was similar the second year. The increased snow catch in the clearing was offset by the snow deficit in the downwind forest. The clearing affected the distribution of snow over the area but not the total amount of snow water equivalent. Melt rates in the clearing were about twice those in the interior forest zones. Near the middle of the melt season the clearing as a whole contained 12% less snow water equivalent than the interior forest.
Semi-Parametric Estimation of Survival in Age-Dependent Genetic Disease. Application to the Transthyretin-related Hereditary Amyloidosis

Mendelian diseases are determined by a single mutation in a given gene. However, in the case of diseases with late onset, the age at onset is variable; it can even be the case that the onset is not observed in a lifetime. Estimating the survival function of the mutation carriers and the eﬀect of modifying factors such as the gender, mutation, origin, etc, is a task of importance to provide individual risk assessment, both for management of mutation carriers and for prevention. In this work, we present a semi-parametric method based on a proportional
On Estimated Projection Pursuit-Type Cra(cid:16)mer(cid:21)von Mises Statistics

This paper addresses the problem of testing for a multivariate distribution, which belongs to a known parametric distribution family. The estimated Cra(cid:16)mer(cid:21)Von Mises-type test statistics are constructed using projection pursuit technique. Some interested properties of the test statistics, like asymptotics, bootstrap approximations, and the tail behavior of the limits of test statistics are investigated. For computational reasons, an approximation via the number theoretic method to the extreme value and the integral on a super sphere surface is considered.
Sediment transport in the surf zone: variations in suspended sediment characteristics, hydrodynamics and morphology, southeast coast Australia

Measuring suspended sediment concentration in the surf zone is a difficult task because of complicated and adverse conditions therein; however, such measurement is very important in determining suspended sediment transport under both wave and current interactions. In this thesis I attempt to measure suspended sediment concentration directly in the surf zone and definet some of the underlying relationships regarding suspended sediment characteristics and movement under different hydrodynamic and morphologic conditions. A modified version of Nielsen's suspended sediment sampler was used to measure concentration in a water column on three beaches on the south coast of N e w South Wales, Australia. These beaches morphologically range from transitional to reflective types. Thirty-six concentration measurements were taken under low to high wave energy conditions and at various locations in the surf zone that included shoals, bars, troughs, rips and the breaker line. Current and wave data, bed material samples were collected and nearshore topographic profiles were also surveyed. These surveys have provided a data set containing hydraulic, sedimentary and morphologic information from which some very fundamental but simple rules on the nature of suspended sediment transport over a range of surf zone morphologies have been drawn by using various statistical analyses. Principal component analysis of the initial data set shows a clear pattern in which hydraulic, sedimentary and morphologic variables are highly correlated to each other. Drawing upon these results, regression analysis indicates that offshore wave period is the best predictor of inshore current velocity components. This relationship yields an effective and efficient method to estimate mean and maximum current velocities in the surf zone. Grain sizes of both suspended sediment and bed material are significantly related to maximum current velocity components. Trend surface analysis
Mathematical modeling suggests that beneﬁts of short or long antibiotic 1 treatment depend on details of infection 2

8 Antibiotics are the major tool for treating bacterial infections. In the case of acute bacterial infections, 9 which last for several days, a typical recommended treatment is 7-14 days long. Because of the variety 10 of bacterial infections humans are exposed to, for many infections the duration of antibiotic treatment 11 has not been tested in randomized clinical trials. Recently, the necessity of a relatively long antibiotic 12 treatment has been questioned, including with the use of mathematical models suggesting that longer
Silicon-induced modulations in growth, physiological, biochemical and root attributes of Soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress

Purpose: One of the main abiotic stresses that reduces crop production globally is drought. Among various strategies to improve drought tolerance in plants, the treatment of silicon is very feasible method as it has potential to improve stress tolerance in soybean. The present experiment was conducted to determine the drought stress tolerance in response to application of silicon (Si) in soybean. Methods: In present study, different treatment levels were i) Two different �eld capacity levels (100% F.C and 60% F.C) ii) Four levels of silicon 0 kg/ha, 100kg/ha, 200 kg/ha and 300 kg/ha were applied, and sand culture was used as sowing media at vegetative stage (15 days after emergence). Results: The results of present study revealed that plant biomass was signi�cantly improved by application of silicon, such as leaf area, dry and fresh weight of root and shoot and shoot and root length. Shoot length reduced upto 23% and root length increased upto 24% under drought stress conditions contradictory to control while application of silicon (200kg/ha) considerably enhanced the shoot and root length upto 45% and 85%. Leaf osmotic potential (LOP) decreased upto 5% under stress conditions as compared to control while the (LOP) increased 27% with the application of silicon (200kg/ha). Gas exchange parameters and soluble proteins were signi�cantly reduced under water de�cit conditions. Silicon application (200kg/ha) prominently improved the total soluble proteins and gas exchange parameters. chlorophyll a,b were enhanced upto 32% and 24% in comparison to the control. Root surface area increased under stress conditions and enhanced by application of silicon and maximum improvement was observed in treatment where silicon was applied @200kg/ha. Enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, POD and CAT) reduced under drought stress but silicon signi�cantly enhanced the enzymatic antioxidants upto 19%, 53%, 30% in comparison to stress In conclusion, the soil applied silicon at 200kg/ha enhanced plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, antioxidants, and lowered oxidative stress determinants to ameliorate drought stress condition.
Improvement and optimization of fish guidance efficiency (FGE) at a behavioural fish protection system for downstream migrating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts

A behaviourally based fish protection system was installed in a power canal at a hydroelectric facility on the Exploits River, Grand Falls‐Windsor, Newfoundland, Canada. The river contains an anadromous wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population in the order of 30 000 returning adults annually. A floating louvre and bypass was installed to protect downstream migrating smolt from entering penstocks and turbines at the end of a power canal at the generating facility. The efficiency and effectiveness of this protection system has been evaluated since 1997 through a combination of conventional tagging (passive integrated transponder, Floy and streamer tags) and use of radio telemetry. Detailed velocity profiling was also conducted along the louvre array, bypass, and throughout the canal to assess the hydraulic performance of the protection system. Initial monitoring in 1997 and 1998 indicated low fish guidance efficiencies (FGEs) for smolt of 25 and 24.3%, respectively. In 1998, a digital spectrum processing (DSP) telemetry system, with multiple antennae, was installed along the louvre array to assist in identification of problem areas where fish were bypassing the louvre. Integration of DSP results with hydraulic monitoring suggested fish loss was associated with hydraulic turbulence and irregularities in the guidance velocities. In 1999, a ‘to scale’ physical model of the power canal, louvre and bypass system was constructed at a hydraulic laboratory to evaluate structural and operational improvements to the system. Field results and hydraulic scale modelling resulted in changes to the canal, louvre angle and bypass entrance, prior to operation in 1999 and 2000. Subsequent monitoring of smolt out‐migration in 1999, 2000 and 2001 indicated substantial improvement in unadjusted FGEs to 54.0, 65.3, and 73.3%, respectively. The paper demonstrates application of the results of detailed monitoring studies, including use of sophisticated telemetry and laboratory hydraulic modelling, for evaluation and optimization of effectiveness of a fish protection system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Range use of two coalitions of male cheetahs, Acinonyx jubatus in the Thabazimbi district of the Limpopo Province, South Africa : research article

In the Thabazimbi district, conflict and confusion have existed surrounding the status and behaviour of cheetahs (lIg Acinonyx jubatus ) on wildlife ranches. A study of these cheetahs was undertaken to understand the ranging behaviour of cheetahs outside conservation areas. Five cheetahs were caught using double-door capture cages and fitted with radio collars; a coalition of two males, two out of a coalition of three males and a lone male. The coalition of two was tracked for 17 months, the three were tracked for eight months and the lone male's radio collar failed days after being released. For the coalition of two the 100% minimum convex polygon (MCP) method produced a range size of 310 kmlSUPg2l/SUPg and the 100% MCP for the coalition of three was 190 km 2 , neither of these ranges were asymptotic.
Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility fabrics in syntectonic plutons as tectonic strain markers: the example of the Canso pluton, Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia

ABSTRACT The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is widely and routinely used to measure the preferred orientations of Fe-rich minerals in undeformed and weakly deformed granite plutons. The interpretation of the mapped AMS fabrics depends on rock-textural observations, on the map patterns of the fabrics in plutons, and on comparisons of the pluton fabrics to tectonic structures in the country rocks. The AMS may document emplacement-flow related fabrics, but the emplacement fabrics may be reworked or completely overprinted by rather weak tectonic strains of the magma mush or the cooling pluton, especially in syntectonic intrusions. The Late Devonian Canso granite pluton is an excellent example of overprinting of emplacement fabrics by weak tectonic strains. The Canso pluton was emplaced ca. 370 Ma along the boundary between the Meguma and Avalon tectonic terranes, in the northern Appalachian orogen. The AMS was mapped along two traverses that cross the pluton and that are perpendicular to the terrane boundary. Textural evidence suggests the rocks underwent very modest post-full crystallisation strains. The AMS records the dextral transcurrent shearing that occurred on the terrane boundary during emplacement and cooling of the Canso pluton, supporting interpretations that weakly deformed syntectonic granites can be used as indicators of regional bulk kinematics. AMS fabrics in Late Devonian granites of the Meguma Terrane suggest partitioning of the non-coaxial shearing into the terrane bounding fault, with pure-shear dominated deformation further from the fault. Numerical simulations suggest that the kinematics recorded by the fabrics in the Canso pluton was simple-shear, or transpression or transpression with small components of pure shear oriented perpendicular to the bounding shear zone.
Mechanisms of inheritance of rift faulting in the western branch of the East African Rift, Tanzania

The western branch of the East African Rift system is commonly cited as a result of Phanerozoic reactivation of the Paleoproterozoic Ubendian belt in western Tanzania. Geological evidence is provided to show that prominent mechanical anisotropies successively appeared during Proterozoic evolution of the Precambrian basement and that their different reactivation behavior contributed to the Phanerozoic rift pattern. The Ubende belt (1950–1850 Ma) is a NW oriented, amphibolite facies ductile lateral shear belt in which older (2100–2025 Ma) and complex granulite facies terranes are included along trend. Retrograde multiphase sinistral strike-slip mylonites developed along the NW oriented ductile shear belt. They reflect persistent Proterozoic wrench fault reactivation of the latter. Shallow level sedimentary basins upon and along the ductile shear belt display deformational structures attributable to the Proterozoic wrench fault reactivation. Neoproterozoic sinistral transpression produced the final geometrical pattern of the wrench fault zone, which appears as an elongate and NW trending positive flower structure, locally enhanced by late Proterozoic contraction. Phanerozoic rifting is demonstrated by others to occur in three distinct episodes, during which the complex rift segment formed upon the multiphase Proterozoic wrench fault zone. The evaluation of the relationship between multiphase rift and multiphase prerift fabrics is reconsidered. The Proterozoic prerift fabrics correspond with a dextral transpressional and ductile deformational pattern, which became selectively reactivated by sinistral transpressional ductile-brittle mylonites. Proterozoic mylonites constitute shallow level mechanical anisotropies and define the general trend of the rift faults. According to the position of these mylonites in the center or in the external parts of their NW oriented Neoproterozoic transpression, they reactivate as complex and multiphase rift faults or as normal and recent faults, respectively. The Paleoproterozoic NW oriented and ductile lateral shear belt constitutes the deep level mechanical anisotropy. Its reactivation in Phanerozoic stress fields is likely dextral oblique transtension, considered as a leading mechanism of the pluriphase and NW oriented deep rift basins.
What should these rivers look like? Historical range of variability and human impacts in the Colorado Front Range, USA

Historical range of variability (HRV) describes the range of temporal and spatial variations in river variables such as flow regime or channel planform prior to intensive human alteration of the ecosystem. In mountainous river networks, HRV is most usefully applied to spatially differentiated geomorphic process domains with distinctive form and process. Using the Colorado Front Range as an example, three examples of how knowledge of HRV can assist river management and restoration are discussed. The examples involve instream wood load and channel morphology, beaver colonies and valley‐bottom form and process, and flow thresholds in regulated rivers. The question of what a river should look like – that is, what range of process and form the river included prior to intensive human alteration – can be addressed by (i) placing the river within a process domain, (ii) establishing correlations between form parameters that can be remotely sensed and reach‐scale process and form, so that the spatial extent, connectivity, and rarity of process domains within a river network or a region can be quickly assessed, (iii) inferring characteristics of the river prior to intensive alteration by documenting characteristics of the least altered reference rivers and by using proxy indicators of pre‐alteration conditions, and (iv) establishing process thresholds that must be exceeded to maintain form (e.g. flow thresholds to mobilize bed sediment). Once this context has been established, resource managers can better evaluate the options for restoring altered riverine form and function. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.