Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the shape and breaking of finite amplitude internal gravity waves in a shear flow

This paper is concerned with two important aspects of nonlinear internal gravity waves in a stably stratified inviscid plane shear flow, their shape and their breaking, particularly in conditions which are frequently encountered in geophysical applications when the vertical gradients of the horizontal current and the density are concentrated in a fairly narrow depth interval (e.g. the thermocline in the ocean). The present theoretical and experimental study of the wave shape extends earlier work on waves in the absence of shear and shows that the shape may be significantly altered by shear, the second-harmonic terms which describe the wave profile changing sign when the shear is increased sufficiently in an appropriate sense. In the second part of the paper we show that the slope of internal waves at which breaking occurs (the particle speeds exceeding the phase speed of the waves) may be considerably reduced by the presence of shear. Internal waves on a thermocline which encounter an increasing shear, perhaps because of wind action accelerating the upper mixing layer of the ocean, may be prone to such breaking. This work may alternatively be regarded as a study of the stability of a parallel stratified shear flow in the presence of a particular finite disturbance which corresponds to internal gravity waves propagating horizontally in the plane of the flow.
Restricted Ridge Estimators of the Parameters in Semiparametric Regression Model

In this article, we introduce a ridge estimator for the vector of parameters β in a semiparametric model when additional linear restrictions on the parameter vector are assumed to hold. We also obtain the semiparametric restricted ridge estimator for the parametric component in the semiparametric regression model. The ideas in this article are illustrated with a data set consisting of housing prices and through a comparison of the performances of the proposed and related estimators via a Monte Carlo simulation.
Effect of Hydrophobicity of Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles on Transport in Porous Media: Column Experiments and Modeling

Engineered carbon‐based nanoparticles are increasingly used for environmental, industrial, and medical purposes. Thus, understanding their interaction with and transport through materials is important. We examine the impact of nanoparticle hydrophobicity and porous medium surface area on the transport of carbon nanoparticles through sand‐packed columns under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (FCNs) used in this study, synthesized from citric acid and ethanolamine, exhibit synthesis‐temperature‐dependent hydrophobicity. To quantify the impact of hydrophobicity on retention, we use FCNs synthesized at four temperatures: 190°C (FCN190), 210°C (FCN210), 230°C (FCN230), and 250°C (FCN250). Several observations are noted. First, the more hydrophobic particles (FCN230 and FCN250) attain lower outlet concentrations and mass recovery than more hydrophilic particles (FCN190 and FCN210). For instance, while 77% of the FCN190 was recovered after passing through a fine‐sand‐packed column, only 23% of the FCN250 was recovered. Second, sand surface area significantly impacts FCN recovery. A 17‐fold increase in sand surface area yields a 30% decrease in the recovery of FCN210. Third, no significant difference in the mass recovery of the FCNs was observed between the unsaturated and saturated conditions, which is attributed to the small size of the FCNs relative to the water film thickness surrounding sand grains. Fourth, the particle transport model in HYDRUS‐1D successfully simulated FCN transport, showing approximately a tenfold increase in the attachment coefficient for hydrophobic FCNs. In summary, through experiments and modeling, we show that hydrophobicity is a major factor impacting FCN transport.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Kebijakan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan pengaruh gaya dan kebijakan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kapasitas guru di Kelompok III Kecamatan Panakkukang Kota Makassar. Penelitian dilakukan di kota Makassar, di provinsi Makassar. Metode deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dalam jenis penelitian ini. Penulis menggunakan strategi purposive sampling untuk menemukan sumber informasi, dengan fokus pada orang-orang dan organisasi yang tampaknya memiliki wawasan tentang masalah yang sedang diselidiki. Oleh karena itu, sumber-sumber untuk penelitian ini adalah UPT SPF SDN Pampang dan UPT SPF SDI Pampang II. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah para guru di wilayah studi yang terbagi menjadi dua sekolah. Guru di UPT SPF SDN Pampang dan UPT SPF SDI Pampang II disingkat G1, G2, G3, dan seterusnya, sedangkan kepala sekolah disingkat KS1 dan KS2. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas guru di Kelompok III Kecamatan Panakkukang Kota Makassar dipengaruhi oleh gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan kebijakan yang diterapkan kepala sekolah. Kepala sekolah berusaha untuk mendorong pengembangan profesional dan advokat melakukan segala upaya untuk meningkatkan pedagogi guru. Kepala sekolah dan guru senang menerima masukan dan kritik dari guru, kepala sekolah mengutamakan kerjasama dalam tujuan organisasi, kepala sekolah memberikan kebebasan seluas-luasnya kepada guru dalam melaksanakan tugas pelayanannya, kepala sekolah berusaha sebaik mungkin untuk menciptakan peluang pengembangan bagi guru.
Ascorbic Acid vs Calcitriol in Influencing Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Nitric Oxide, Superoxide Dismutase, as Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: In Vivo Study in Atherosclerosis Rat Model

Introduction Ascorbic acid and calcitriol were frequently utilized in conjunction as therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic, and individuals with minor symptoms had notable improvements. There have been a few studies, often with conflicting findings, that examine the use of them for endothelium restoration and numerous clinical trial studies that failed to establish the efficacy. The aim of this study was to find the efficacy of ascorbic acid compared to calcitriol on the inflammatory markers monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as protective agents which play an important role in the early stages of atherosclerosis formation. This study was an experimental in vivo study. Methods The total of 24 male Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, namely: control/normal group (N), atherosclerosis group (DL) given atherogenic diet, atherosclerosis group given atherogenic diet and ascorbic acid (DLC), and atherosclerosis group given atherogenic diet and calcitriol (DLD) treatment for 30 days. Results Ascorbic acid and calcitriol treatment was significantly effective (P<0.05) in lowering expression of MCP-1 and increasing NO and SOD level. Calcitriol was superior to ascorbic acid in increasing SOD (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between ascorbic acid and calcitriol in decreasing MCP-1 and increasing NO (P>0.05). Discussion Both treatments could reduce MCP-1, and increase NO and SOD by increasing antioxidants. In this study calcitriol was superior to ascorbic acid in increasing SOD, but not NO and decreasing MCP-1. According to the theory, it was found that calcitriol through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) causes a direct increase in the amount of SOD. Nrf2 is an emerging regulator of cellular resistance to oxidants. Conclusion Ascorbic acid and calcitriol treatment was able to reduce MCP-1 and increase NO and SOD in atherosclerosis rat. Calcitriol was significantly superior in increasing SOD levels compared to ascorbic acid.
Robust residence time control via state feedback

The robust residence time control problem of linear systems subject to both time-invariant small-norm-bounded parameter uncertainty and small additive white noise perturbation is considered. The notions of robust weak and strong residence time controllability are introduced. Sufficient conditions for robust weak and strong residence time controllability are discussed. If the uncertain system is strongly residence time controllable, any residence time is possible. If it is weakly residence time controllable, the achievable residence time is bounded. For each of the robust weakly and strongly residence time controllable cases, state feedback controller design techniques are developed. The results can be regarded as extensions of those given by S.M. Meerkov and T. Runolfsson (1988). <<ETX>>
Analysis of the Fully Developed Chute Flow of Granular Materials

Existing constitutive relations and governing equations have been used to solve for fully developed chute flows of granular materials. In particular, the results of Lun et al. (1984) have been employed and the boundary value problem has been formulated with two parameters (the coefficient of restitution between particles, and the chute inclination), and three boundary values at the chute base wall, namely the values of solid fraction, granular temperature, and mean velocity at the wall. The boundary value problem has been numerically solved by the "shooting method. " The results show the significant role played by granular conduction in determining the rpofiles of granular temperature, solid fraction, and mean velocity in chute flows. These analytical results are also compared with experimental measurements of velocity fluctuation, solid fraction, and mean velocity made by Ahn et al. (1989), and with the computer simulations by Campbell and Brennen (1985b).
SYNCHRONIZATION OF HEMISPHERIC SUNSPOT ACTIVITY REVISITED: WAVELET TRANSFORM ANALYSES

Three kinds of wavelet transform methods—continuous wavelet transform, cross-wavelet transform, and wavelet coherence—have been proposed to investigate the phase synchrony of the smoothed monthly mean sunspot areas in the time interval of 1874 May to 2008 March in the solar northern and southern hemispheres. For both time series, the Schwabe cycle is the only period of statistical significance, whose mean value is 10.61 yr. The length of the Schwabe cycle for the smoothed monthly mean sunspot areas in the northern hemisphere actually differs from that in the southern hemisphere, which should lead to phase asynchrony between the two series. Both the cross-wavelet transform and wavelet coherence analyses show an asynchronous behavior with phase mixing in the high-frequency components of hemispheric sunspot activity and a strong synchronous behavior with coherent phase angles in the low-frequency components corresponding to period scales around the Schwabe cycle. Although a phase coherence is found at timescales of about 8.5–13.5 yr (which is similar to those of Donner & Thiel, but within a shorter period), phases are not always coherent at the timescales in the considered time interval. The availability of a physical, meaningful phase definition depends crucially on the appropriate choice of reference frequencies. At the coherent period scales, the leading role is found from those conditions where processes of sunspot formation in the northern hemisphere occur earlier than in the southern one (except some exceptions in several years around the year 1900) during the years of about 1874–1926 to those where the opposite is true during the years of about 1926–1966, and returning back again during the years of about 1966–2008. The mean phase synchronization values at the coherent timescales given by wavelet coherence represent the running trend of the line of synchronization given by a cross-recurrence plot.
Factors Associated with in-Hospital Mortality in Malagasy Patients with Acute Decompensation of Liver Cirrhosis: A Retrospective Cohort

Background Cirrhosis is a pathology responsible for a significant hospital morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with hospital mortality in a sample of Malagasy cirrhotics. Patients and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study from January 2018 to August 2020 conducted in the Hepato-Gastroenterology Unity, University Hospital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar. Results One hundred and eight patients were included. The mean age was 51.13±13.50 years with a sex ratio of 2.37. The etiology of cirrhosis was dominated by alcohol (44.44%), hepatitis B virus (24.07%) and hepatitis C virus (13.89%). Twenty-eight patients (25.93%) had died. Factors associated with in-hospital mortality were hepatic encephalopathy (OR: 14.16; 95% CI: 5.08–39.4; p: 0.000), renal failure (OR: 8.55; 95% CI: 2.03–39.9; p: 0.0034), gastrointestinal bleeding (OR: 3.25; 95% CI: 1.32–7.92; p: 0.0099), hyponatraemia <130mmol/L (OR: 3.34; 95% CI: 1.04–10.6; p=0.046), Child-Pugh C classification (OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.12–0.21; p: 0.000), and MELD-Na score >32 (OR: 27.5; 95% CI: 4.32–174.8; p: 0.004). Conclusion The in-hospital mortality rate during acute decompensation of cirrhosis remains high in Madagascar. Hepatic encephalopathy, renal failure, GI bleeding and hyponatraemia are the main clinico-biological factors affecting in-hospital mortality. Early intervention on these modifiable factors is an important step to improve hospital outcomes. The natraemia, MELD score and MELD-Na score should be used in routine practice in Madagascar to identify patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis at high risk of death.
COVID-19 Among Omani Pilgrim Returnees From the Ashura Mass Gathering

Background The annual Ashura pilgrimage is a mass Islamic gathering during which millions of worshippers converge in the city of Karbala in Iraq. We report on the incidence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Omani pilgrims returning from Karbala in the month of Muharram (August) 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology This is a retrospective study using an electronic, self-completed, and Arab-language survey, composed of 17 questions, that was distributed to all pilgrims returning from Karbala. Participation was voluntary, and consent with confidentiality was obtained. Data on the demographics including sex, COVID-19 vaccination record, type of vaccine, duration of stay, compliance with wearing a face mask, using hand sanitization, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus before the departure from Oman, upon the return to Oman, and on the eighth post-quarantine day were collected. The responses were collected from the period between August 28, 2021, and September 25, 2022. Statistical association and analysis were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). Results Out of 250 pilgrims, 139 responded to the survey. Fifty-two participants (37.4%) were males, and 87 (63.6%) were females. None of the pilgrims had positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR results before their departure from Oman. Only four pilgrims (2.9%) were detected positive on PCR by the end of a compulsory quarantine on the eighth day after arrival to Oman. No hospital admissions were recorded. The vast majority of the pilgrims were vaccinated with two doses of COVID-19 vaccination, while some few pilgrims were not vaccinated at all. Most of the pilgrims were also compliant with mask wearing, and just over half the pilgrims were compliant with hand sanitization. No significant statistical association was found between contracting SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and taking SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, the number of vaccination doses, having had COVID-19 before, wearing a mask, or compliance with hand sanitization. Conclusion The incidence of COVID-19 cases among pilgrims returning from Iraq during the COVID-19 pandemic was low. No significant difference was noted between pilgrims vaccinated and compliant with the protective measures and those who were not vaccinated or compliant. Herd immunity could be a possible explanation for the low incidence of COVID-19 infection. Larger studies are needed to investigate the incidence of COVID-19 in Ashura pilgrims.
Stochastic adaptive control methods: a survey

There is a vast literature about adaptive (self-organizing, self-optimizing) control systems. The aim of this paper is to point out some of the main ideas. Since there exists good survey papers about several of the classes of adaptive controllers the main part of this paper will concentrate on recent developments. The paper will cover stochastic adaptive controllers. The problem of dual control is given particular attention.
Numerical Predictions of Heat Transfer and Flow Structure in a Square Cross-Section Channel with Various Non-Spherical Indentation Dimples

The present study employs arrays of different shapes of surface dimples to determine the most optimal configurations for augmenting surface heat transfer rates, as pressure drop penalties are minimized. Six different dimple shapes are investigated (spherical indentation (case A), super-ellipse (case D), two ellipse-spherical arrangements with the long axis oriented both parallel and normal to the bulk flow direction (cases B1 and B2, respectively), and two egg-spherical arrangements with the half ellipse with longer axis pointed both away and towards the bulk flow direction (cases C1 and C2, respectively). The dimples in these arrays are aligned with each other, as they are located on one surface of a square cross-section channel in six different streamwise rows. All turbulent fluid flow and surface heat transfer results are obtained using computation fluid dynamics with a k−ϵ RNG turbulence model, and constant heat flux thermal boundary conditions applied to all channel surfaces. Flow development is provided, both before and after the middle channel section, which contains each dimple array. Numerically predicted results are qualified using grid-independent predictions of experimental data for one baseline dimple array arrangement. The channel inlet Reynolds number ranges from 8,000 to 24,000. The dimple shapes with the best overall performance (depending upon the Reynolds number and performance criteria considered) are the spherical indentation arrangement (case A), and the ellipse-spherical arrangement with the long axis oriented normal to the bulk flow direction (case B2). Overall, the most optimal heat transfer augmentations seem to occur when the largest indented cross-section area is oriented perpendicular to the streamwise direction, since larger areas are then available for shear layer re-attachment over downstream portions of the associated dimples. Also important for such augmentations are dimple surface geometry transitions and surface curvature diameters, as illustrated by thermal performance which decreases as surface shapes have more numerous or more significant discontinuities, or when local surface curvature diameters are too small. Overall, the present results also show that such configuration sensitivities appear to increase with Reynolds number.
Cubic systems with four real line invariants

A polynomial system is a real autonomous system of ordinary differential equations on the plane with polynomial nonlinearities: with aij, bij ∈ ℝ and where x = x(t) and y = y(t) are real-valued functions. The problem of analysing limit cycles (isolated periodic solutions) in polynomial systems was first discussed by Poincaré[16]. Then, in the famous list of 23 mathematical problems stated in 1900, Hilbert[9] asked in the second part of the 16th problem for an upper bound for the number of limit cycles for nth degree polynomial systems, in terms of n. Recently, it has been proved that, given a particular choice of coefficients for a system of form (1·1), the number of limit cycles is finite. This result is known as Dulac's theorem, see Ecalle[8] or Il'yashenko[10]. However, it is unknown whether or not there exists an upper bound for the number of limit cycles in system (1·1) in terms of n. Even for quadratic systems (i.e. polynomial systems with quadratic nonlinearities) this remains an open question.
Awareness of the General Population Toward Constipation and Its Complications in the Western Region, Saudi Arabia

Background and aim Constipation can be defined as unsatisfying defecation characterized by difficult stool passage, infrequent stools, or both. Complications include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and prolapse of pelvic organs. Unfortunately, there needs to be more data available regarding awareness on this subject. Thus, in this study, we aim to measure the level of understanding of constipation and its complications in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a valid and reliable questionnaire was used in data collection. In addition, SPSS (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used for the analysis of collected data. Results The present study included a total of 778 participants from the general public, 75.6% of whom were female and 24.4% of whom were male. We found that 70% of participants had an overall good awareness of constipation, with significant variation in levels of awareness among different groups; levels of awareness increased with age (P-value < 0.001), higher education also positively affected the level of understanding (P-value = 0.04), and participants who reported personal experience had higher levels of awareness than participants who did not have personal experience (P-value = 0.002). There was no significant association between the level of awareness and gender or city of residence. Conclusion Much of our population was well aware of constipation and its complications, with significant variation in awareness among different age groups, educational levels, and personal experiences.
Trends in U.S. Surface Humidity, 1930–2010

AbstractU.S. hourly surface observations are examined at 145 stations to identify annual and seasonal changes in temperature, dewpoint, relative humidity, and specific humidity since 1930. Because of numerous systematic instrument changes that have occurred, a homogeneity assessment was performed on temperatures and dewpoints. Dewpoints contained higher breakpoint detection rates associated with instrumentation changes than did temperatures. Temperature trends were tempered by adjusting the data, whereas dewpoints were unaffected. The effects were the same whether the adjustments were based on statistically detected or fixed-year breakpoints. Average long-term trends (1930–2010) indicate that temperature has warmed but that little change has occurred in dewpoint and specific humidity. Warming is strongest in spring. There is evidence of inhomogeneity in the relative humidity record that primarily affects data from prior to 1950. Therefore, long-term decreases in relative humidity, which are strongest in w.
Corporate social responsibility authenticity as an antecedent to customer citizenship behavior: evidence from hospitality industry in Taiwan

ABSTRACT Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) authenticity and customer citizenship behavior (CCB) are of great importance to the long-term success of businesses in the hospitality sector, the linkage between them has been an under-researched aspect. Based on social exchange theory and cognitive appraisal theory, a research model is developed to examine whether and how perceived CSR authenticity promotes customer citizenship behavior (CCB). The data was collected from 313 customers of the fast food restaurants in Taiwan and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The findings reveal that perceived CSR authenticity positively and directly impacts CCB. Further, this relationship is mediated by emotional attachment and feelings of gratitude and is positively moderated by altruism. This study contributes to the extant literature by uncovering the mechanisms through which CSR authenticity impacts CCB and provides crucial implications that help hospitality firms formulate more effective CSR strategies based on the perceived authenticity of their CSR activities.