Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANTIBIOGRAM AND PLASMID PROFILING OF E. COLI ISOLATES

The antibiotics sensitivity patterns and plasmid profiling was done to find out the possible correlation between plasmids and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of E. coli isolates. Disc diffusion method was followed for antibiogram and plasmid DNA from E. coli isolates was extracted through Mini alkaline lysis by SDS. Antibiogram study revealed that Ampicillin and Streptomycin resistant E. coli was more prevalent in broiler isolates (80%). Sulphamethoxazole Trimethoprim resistant E. coli was found mostly in layer isolates (83.33%) and in broiler isolates (60%). E. coli isolates of calves and cattle were sensitive to Chloramphenicol (71.43%, 88.89% respectively) and to Ciprofloxacin (100%) while water isolates were highly sensitive to Tetracyclin (66.67%). Agarose gel electrophoresis showed a total of 24 different bands of plasmids ranging from 0.5 to 40 kb in size. The plasmids were distributed at random in the isolated E. coli strains and no remarkable relationship between antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmids could be established.
Isolation and Pathotyping of Newcastle Disease Viruses from Field Outbreaks among Chickens in the Southern Part of Egypt 2011-2012

Egypt is endemic for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with continuous long-lasting outbreaks causing significant losses in the poultry industry since 1948. This study was designed to identify various NDVs associated with outbreaks occurred in different localities in Upper Egypt (Sohag, Qena and Luxor) from 2011 - 2012 among chicken flocks and estimate its virulence in chickens by the intra-cerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI). One hundred twenty six samples were collected from chickens either alive or dead showing characteristic clinical findings and post-mortem lesions of NDV. Virus propagation in embryonated chicken eggs was confirmed by hemagglutination (HA) test and identified by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test using NDV specific antiserum. The results indicated that 45 (35.7 %) out of 126 samples were NDV positive. The ICPI revealed that isolates have a range from 1.4 - 2 index which congruent to mesogenic (2/45) and velogenic (43/45) type. These results confirmed that the circulating NDV strains are virulent for chickens and vaccination failure occur.
UV Irradiance Increases Development of Red Skin Color and Anthocyanins in 'Hakuho' Peach

The contribution of the UV light component on the skin coloration was determined in 'Hakuho' peach. Detached fruit partially covered with a UV-proof polyvinylchloride (PVC) fi lm and a polyethylene fi lm were exposed to sunlight for 4 days. Red coloration of the fruit and anthocyanin content in the skin were considerably reduced with the UV-proof PVC fi lm. Irradiation with a UV fl uorescent lamp at 3.58 W·m -2 markedly enhanced the red color de- velopment, while white fl uorescent light at 120 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 did not affect the coloration. UV irradiation also increased the anthocyanin content in the cultured skin discs with increasing irradiance up to above 7.3 W·m -2 . These results suggest that the UV component contributes signifi cantly to the enhancement of the fruit coloration by sunlight exposure. In peach, the development of red skin coloration of fruit markedly depends on the light conditions (Bible and Singha, 1993; Cor- relli-Grappadelli and Coston, 1991; Marini, 1985). Erez and Flore (1986) showed that the exposure to full sunlight for 3 d stimulated considerably color development at the end of stage II of fruit development in 'Redhaven' peach. They also reported that red color was reduced with increasing shading. The fruit inside or at lower position in the canopy usually showed poorer coloration than those outside or at higher position due to reduced light exposure. Techniques such as summer pruning (Myers, 1993), and the use of metalized refl ective fi lm mulches (Layne et al., 2001) have been used to increase light penetration into the tree and consequently improve fruit coloration. The evaluation of the light conditions for fruit coloration of peach, to date, has been based on solar radiation, but the effect of specifi c wave- length of light has not been elucidated. For other fruit, producing anthocyanin pigments in the skin such as apple (Arakawa, 1988; Arakawa et al., 1985; Chalmers and Faragher, 1977), sweet cherry (Arakawa, 1993), and grapes (Kataoka et al., 2003), the role of UV light in the fruit col- oration has been demonstrated. We previously showed that the fruit coloration of 'Satonishiki' sweet cherry was enhanced mainly by irradiation of UV light compared with white light (Kataoka et al., 1996). The present study was conducted to determine the contribution of the UV light component on the skin coloration of detached fruit of 'Hakuho', a common midseason peach cultivar in Japan.
Corporate entrepreneurship, environment dynamism and firm performance: Evidence from Serbia

Saznanja o vezi između korporativnog preduzetništva i performansi preduzeća još uvek nisu integrisana i kumulativna. Dok jedni autori podržavaju kontinuirano sprovođenje preduzetničkih aktivnosti etabliranih preduzeća, drugi ističu njegov negativni doprinos performansama. Posledično, nameće se pitanje važnosti doziranja i adekvatnog upravljanja inovativnim aktivnostima pojedinih privrednih subjekata. Centralna tema ovog istraživanja je ispitivanje prirode veze korporativnog preduzetništva i performansi preduzeća, ali i identifikovanje faktora koji bitno utiču na tu vezu. Koristeći podatke o 136 srednjih i velikih preduzeća koja posluju u Srbiji, u radu je pokazano da nije uvek opravdano povećavati nivo korporativnog preduzetništva, odnosno da postoji optimalni nivo preduzetničkih aktivnosti. Dodatno, identifikovani optimalni nivo korporativnog preduzetništva determinisan je stepenom dinamičnosti okruženja u kome preduzeće posluje. Dok je za dinamično okruženje poželjan visok nivo, najbolje performanse u statičnom okruženju ostvaruju se na srednjem (umerenom) nivou korporativnog preduzetništva.
Interaction of burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis - (Cobb-1893) Thorne 1949, and VA Mycorrhiza, Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxt.) gerd and trappe in banana (Musa acuminata colla.)1

Interaction of VA mycorrhiza, Glomus fasciculatum and burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis on banana Cv. ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ was investigated. Length, fresh and dry weights of root were increased by mycorrhizal inoculation, while nemadode inoculation retarded the root growth. The plants which received mycorrhiza seven days prior to nematodes were able to offset the ill effect caused by the latter and had more vigorous roots even as against the uninoculated. plants. Although root colonization by mycorrhiza was reduced in plants inoculated with nematodes, the spore production was not adversely affected. Nematode number, both in roots and soil, on the other hand, was significantly lower in such a situation. Plants Inoculated with mycorrhiza had higher, N, P, K, Ca and Mg; reducing and total sugars; phenols and total amino acids in their roots.
Some aspects of immune response to lipopolysaccharides of Providencia rettgeri

LPS of P.rettgeri was extracted and purified in our previous study, the present study found that the injection of 150μg/ Kg of LPS (intramuscularly and subcutaneously) was able to stimulate humoral immune response at both systemic and mucosal levels which was detected by passive haemmaglutination test and the mean values of systemic antibody titer (6826.6) was higher than the mucosal (at appendix) antibody titer (512). Some cytokines concentrations such as IL-2 ,IL-4,IL-6 and IL-1s were detected using ELISA kits. The study was observed that, the concentrations of IL-2 (3.21 pg/ml ) , IL-4(5.84 pg/ml ) and IL-6 (4831 pg/ml) were increased significantly in LPS immunized animals group compared with control group which were 2.05 , 2.34 and 3121.06 pg/ml for IL-2,IL-4 and IL-6 respectively, while the concentration of IL-1s (115.7 pg/ml ) was decreased significantly in LPS immunized animal group than control group which was 177.24 pg/ml.
A zymogel enhances the self-cleaning abilities of the pilot whale (Globicephala melas)

Summary. Enzyme activity in the stratum corneum of the pilot whale Globicephala melas was investigated employing colorimetric enzyme screening assays combined with NATIVE PAGE, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and histochemical staining procedures. Applying different substrates, several enzymes were detected. The histochemical demonstration of some selected hydrolytic enzymes enriched in the stratum corneum showed high extracellular accumulation. As demonstrated by size exclusion chromatography, high molar mass aggregates were built up from a glycoprotein-rich 20-30 kD fraction. Using NATIVE PAGE experiments under non reducing conditions, a selection of five degrading enzymes was recovered within the above-reported aggregates.Activity of extracellular aggregate-attached enzymes in the superficial layer of the stratum corneum exhibited no remarkable decrease potentially resulting from self-degradation. We thus conclude that due to their enclosure within the micro-environment of aggregates a zymogel is formed and autolysis of the stratum corneum is reduced. With respect to the skin surface, the zymogel with hydrolytic activities covering major parts of it enhances the self-cleaning abilities of the skin of the pilot whale based on physical prequesites by hydrolysing adhesive glycoconjugates of settling biofouling organisms considered as primary steps in fouling.
Unexpected Effects: Uncertainty, Unemployment, and Inflation

This paper studies the role of uncertainty in a search-and-matching framework with risk-averse households. A mean-preserving spread to future productivity contracts current economic activity even in the absence of nominal rigidities, although the effect is reinforced by the presence of the latter. That is, uncertainty shocks carry both contractionary demand- and supply effects. The reason is that a more uncertain future increases the precautionary behavior of households, which reduces interest rates and contracts demand. At the same time, as future asset prices becomes more volatile and positively covary with aggregate consumption, households demand a larger risk premium, which puts negative pressure on current asset values and thereby contracts supply. Thus, in comparison to a pure negative demand shock, an uncertainty shock puts less deflationary pressure on the economy and, as a result, renders a flatter Phillips curve.
Path analyses of yield and some agronomic and quality traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different environments

This research was conducted to determine characters effecting grain yield in fifty bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and advanced lines by using simple correlation coefficient and path analysis under 2 locations (high rainfall and low rainfall; 745 and 506 mm, respectively). A total of 50 genotypes, 25 for each independent experiment, were tested for grain yield, test weight, 1000-kernel weight, Zeleny sedimentation, protein content and plant height. Grain yield was significantly correlated with plant height in high rainfall condition. It was significantly correlated with all components except Zeleny sedimentation and protein content in low rainfall condition. Results suggest that plant height and test weight are primary selection criteria for improving grain yield in bread wheat in high and low rainfall conditions.
Molecular characterisation of novel single stranded DNA viruses recovered from animal faeces

vi Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Single-stranded DNA virus classification . 1 1.2 Single-stranded DNA viral genomes . 2 1.3 Rolling circle replication and the Rep protein . 4 1.3.1 Helicase domain . 5 1.3.2 N-terminal domain . 6 1.4 Exploring ssDNA viruses in the environment . 8 1.4. 1 Single-stranded DNA Viruses in environmental samples . 9 1.4. 1.1 Soil . 9 1.4. 1.2 Water . 10 1.4. 1.3 Air . 11 1.4. 1.4 Invertebrates . 12 1.4. 1.5 Sewage . 14 1.4. 1.6 Faeces . 14 1.4. 2 Characterisation of novel ssDNA viruses . 27 Chapter 2: Isolation of a novel ssDNA virus from porcine faeces: proof of concept 2.1 Abstract . 31 2.2 Introduction . 32 2.3 Methods and materials . 33 2.3.1 Sample collection and viral particle purification . 33 2.3.2 Recovery and cloning of viral DNA using rolling circle amplification (RCA) . 33 2.3.3 Recovery and characterisation of complete genome of novel ssDNA virus . 34 2.3.4 Sequence analysis . 35 2.4 Results and discussion . 35 2.4. 1 Application of method . 35 2.4. 2 Full genome analysis of the novel ssDNA virus isolate . 36 2.4. 3 Phylogenetic analysis of the Rep of PoSCV . 41 2.4. 4 Relationship of PoSCV to ChiSCVs, BoSCV, and PigSCV . 42 2.5 Concluding remarks . 43 Chapter 3: Molecular characterisation of fourteen novel gemycircularvirus and gemycircularvirus-like isolates recovered from animal faecal samples in New Zealand 3.1 Abstract . 45 3.2 Introduction . 46 3.3 Materials and methods . 48 3.3.1 Sample collection and virus particle purification . 48 3.3.2 Recovery and cloning of viral DNA using rolling circle amplification (RCA) . 49 3.3.3 Recovery and characterisation of complete genome of novel ssDNA virus . 49 3.3.4 Inverse PCR and primer PCR . 49 3.3. 5 Sequence analysis . 50 3.4 Results and discussion . 52 3.4. 1 Full genome analysis of the gemycircularviruses . 52 3.4. 1 Full genome analysis of two novel ssDNA viruses . 53 3.4. 2 Analysis of the Rep and Cp . 54
Reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cattle in selected urban and peri-urban farms of mid rift valley, Ethiopia

This study was conducted to evaluate reproductive performance of crossbred cows and to identify potential constraints of dairying under small and medium scale farmers’ management in urban and peri-urban dairying of mid rift valley, Ethiopia. The data was collected through questionnaire from 120 small and medium dairy farm owners. The overall estimated mean age at first service and age at first calving was 20.6±02 and 30.6±0.19 months, respectively, and differed (P<0.01) considerably among production systems and herd size groups. The overall estimated mean lactation length, days open and calving interval were 311.3±2.8 and 128.2±2.4 days and 14.07±0.09 months, respectively, and differed significantly (P<0.01) between production systems and herd size groups. According to the respondents, feed shortage and limitation of space were reported as major constraints of dairy production in urban area, whereas feed cost, shortage of feed and Artificial Insemination (AI) service were major constraints of the peri-urban production system. Therefore, from the current study it was concluded that the reproductive performances of animals on both production systems and farm scale were below their expected genetic potential. Hence, large variation between production systems and farm scale groups showed the opportunities for further improvement with strategic supplementation of energy and protein rich feeds. Key words: Production system, reproduction, crossbred cows, challenges, Shashamane, Ethiopia.
Stability of yield and its component characters in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Eleven tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes were evaluated for yield and its components under eight environments. Variance due to genotypes, environments, genotype x environment and G x E (linear) components were highly significant for average fruit weight, fruit polar diameter, fruit equatorial diameter, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant, early yield per plot and total yield per plot. The genotypes F1-124, Shivaji and 855–211 were found to be desirable and stable for total yield per plot, while genotypes 5–72 and Rashmi were suited for favourable environments. The genotype Megha was found stable for early yield. The F1 hybrids had greater stability for yield across environment compared to open pollinated varieties.
Interactions of Grape Skin, Seed, and Pulp on Tannin and Anthocyanin Extraction in Pinot noir Wines

Berry tissue components (skin, seed, and pulp) were isolated from Pinot noir grapes to determine the tannin content of each component. In addition, the role of each berry component in determining the phenolic profile of the wine was investigated by omitting or doubling each berry tissue in the must and fermenting these using submerged cap microvinification. Monomeric anthocyanin, total tannin, and nonbleachable pigment concentrations in juice and wine were examined at seven time intervals from yeast inoculation (day 0) to 12-months bottle age (day 400). When included in the must, berry pulp was associated with reduced wine tannin concentration, an effect that was more selective for seed tannin. Consequently, the tannin composition of wines made with whole-berry fermentations most closely reflected that of skin tannin. The formation of nonbleachable pigments was greater in treatments where seeds were present during fermentation. However, when the contribution of seed tannin in wine was increased by doubling the complement of seeds in the must, anthocyanin concentration remained constant and the concentration of nonbleachable pigments did not increase during aging. Treatments with a double complement of grape skins were found to enhance both nonbleachable pigment and tannin in aged wines.
Mixed farming systems on peatlands in Jambi and central Kalimantan provinces, Indonesia: should they be described as paludiculture?

Indonesia has about 150,000 km2 of peatlands that until recently were largely unused, except by the few local communities living near peatlands who have been using non-timber forest products and cultivating sago for many years. However, mismanagement and over-exploitation have now changed the natural peatland ecosystems into degraded peatlands. Since the peat fire disaster of 2015, the Government of Indonesia has taken serious action to begin the restoration of degraded and burnt peatland. Paludiculture offers a management option for degraded peatlands that would promote the objectives of the country’s new peatland restoration strategy. Existing agricultural practice on peatland in Indonesia is site specific and depends on peatland type. Previous studies of farming practices in two provinces, namely Jambi on the island of Sumatra and Central Kalimantan on Borneo, have shown that this type of farming system is beneficial for human livelihoods. However, the evidence reported here indicates that it is not appropriate to describe current farming practices at these two locations as paludiculture because they do not achieve conditions of high water table and low greenhouse gas emissions. It is recommended that management of hydrology, including temporary or permanent blocking of canals, should be undertaken in order to reduce subsidence and CO2 emissions. To achieve sustainable productive use of degraded peatlands, they should be rewetted and planted with suitable crops and tree species.
On the Stern–Brocot expansion of real numbers

The Stern–Brocot expansion of a real number is a finite or infinite sequence of symbols r, l, meaning “right” and “left”, which represents the path in the Stern–Brocot tree determined by this number. It is shown that the expansion is periodic if and only if the number is positive quadratic with a negative conjugate; in this case the conjugate opposite’s expansion is obtained by reversal. The slopes of morphic Sturmian sequences are these quadratic numbers. Two numbers have ultimately the same exapansion if and only they are SL2(Z)-equivalent. A related neighbouring relation for indefinite binary quadratic forms leads to a variant of the Gauss theory of cycles. A bijection is obtained between the set of binary Lyndon words and SL2(Z)-equivalence of these quadratic forms.
Parasitic Study of Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) in Selected Districts of West Bengal, India

The present work was conducted to isolate and identify different parasites from Indian Major Carp (IMC) Catla catla. During the study period the severity of infection and Parasitic Frequency Index (PFI, %) were also estimated in terms of months, seasons and length groups of fishes. For the investigative purpose different districts of West Bengal were selected considering the potential of fishery resources. Approximately 300 fishes were observed during the entire period of observation. The parasite infested fishes were found to suffer mainly from respiratory manifestations, blackness of the skin and mortalities. The isolated parasites were Myxobolus, Thelohanellus, Trichodina, Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus, Nematodes, Argulus, Lernea and Chilodonella species. Besides these, developmental stages of different parasites were also found. Among these parasites Myxobolus, Dactylogyrus and Gyrodactylus showed the highest prevalence in winter. Remaining all parasites was found to be more during spring season. The 1-30 cm length group fishes were found to be more infested with the parasites compare to 30.5-40 cm length groups.
Performance of Hybrid Adhesives of Blocked-pMDI/Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Resins for the Surface Lamination on Plywood

1) To improve the water resistance of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resins, different levels of blocked polymeric 4,4 diphenyl methane diisocyanate (B-pMDI) were blended with MUF resins to prepare B-pMDI/MUF hybrid adhesives, and their adhesion performances were evaluated for the surface lamination of fancy veneer on plywood. FT-IR spectra showed that the de-blocked –NCO groups reacted with the –OH of hydroxymethyl groups of the MUF resins to form urethane bonds at 2% B-pMDI/MUF, which was detected before and after their hydrolysis. The mass loss after the hydrolysis consistently decreased as the B-pMDI level increased, indicating an improvement in the water resistance. As the B-pMDI level increased, the activation energy of hybrid adhesives decreased, which improved the reactivity of the hybrid adhesives. Additionally, the water resistance improvement of the hybrid adhesives increased the tensile shear strength of the surface laminated plywood in semi-water proof and water-proof by 23 % and 8 %, respectively, at 2% B-pMDI level. This was likely due to the urethane linkages in the hybrid adhesives. However, the formaldehyde emission from plywood panels bonded with the hybrid adhesives increased in the dry state, indicating incomplete curing of the hybrid adhesives.
Shelf Life Study of Yogurt by Using Different Concentration of Lactobacillus acidophilus

There are several types of yogurt like stir curd, set curd and drinkable yogurt and they all need to be refrigerated. Moreover there are very few dairy products that can be stored at room temperature and not many dairy foods are finger foods. A novel yogurt product like a yogurt with L. acidophilus could be a dairy product that is a finger food, which can be stored at room temperature and have health benefits. The objectives of the research were to study the effects of 0, 1, 10 and100g of Lactobacillus acidophilus /gal of yogurt product on L. acidophilus, yogurt bacteria, coliform, yeast and mold counts over 0, 1, 2 and 3 months of storage of the novel yogurt product at room temperature. Yogurt bacterial counts were significantly higher in all treatments at month 3 compared to control. With the use of 10g and 100g/gal addition of L. acidophilus there was a significant decrease in L. acidophilus counts at month 2 and month 3 when compared to month 0. Novel yogurt product such as a yogurt capable of being stored at room temperature.