Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implications of the Data Revolution for Statistics Education

There has never been a more exciting time to be involved in statistics. Emerging data sources provide new sorts of evidence, provoke new sorts of questions, make possible new sorts of answers and shape the ways that evidence is used to influence policy, public opinion and business practices. Significant developments include open data, big data, data visualisation and the rise of data‐driven journalism. These developments are changing the nature of the evidence that is available, the ways in which it is presented and used and the skills needed for its interpretation. Educators should place less emphasis on small samples and linear models and more emphasis on large samples, multivariate description and data visualisation. Techniques used to analyse big data need to be taught. The increasing diversity of data usage requires deeper conceptual analysis in the curriculum; this should include explorations of the functions of modelling, and the politics of data and ethics. The data revolution can invigorate the existing curriculum by exemplifying the perils of biassed sampling, corruption of measures and modelling failures. Students need to learn to think statistically and to develop an aesthetic for data handling and modelling based on solving practical problems.
Seven poor clusters of galaxies

The measurement of 83 new redshifts from galaxies in the region of seven of the poor clusters of galaxies identified by Morgan et al (1975) and Albert et al (1977) has been followed by an estimation of cluster masses through the application of both the virial theorem and the projected mas method. For each system, these two estimates are consistent. For the two clusters with highest X-ray luminosities, the line-of-sight velocity dispersions are about 700 km/sec, while for the five other clusters, the dispersions are of the order of less than about 370 km/sec. The D or cD galaxy in each poor cluster is at the kinematic center of each system.
Heart Rate Response and Flexibility Following Single Bout of Training Using a Seated Elliptical Trainer Among Younger and Older Adults

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a 30-minute activity session using a seated elliptical trainer on heart rate response, knee and ankle range of motion and satisfaction among older and younger adults. Prior to and following completing a 30-minute bout of activity using a seated elliptical trainer, each participant’s leg flexibility was assessed. During every minute of the activity, the participant’s heart rate was recorded. Following the activity, the participants reported their satisfaction with the trainer. Older participants exhibited a greater heart rate response relative to their estimated maximum heart rate during and reported greater satisfaction with the elliptical trainer compared with younger participants. Both groups increased their leg flexibility following use of the trainer. Nurses could prescribe 30 minutes of activity using a seated elliptical trainer to employees in sedentary occupations to improve cardiovascular health and leg flexibility particularly among older adults.
Discharge Coefficients of Cooling Holes With Radiused and Chamfered Inlets

The flow of cooling air within the internal passages of gas turbines is controlled and metered using orifices formed of holes in disks and casings. The effects of inlet radiusing and chamfering of these holes on the discharge coefficients forms the subject of this paper. Experimental results for a range of radiusing and chamfering ratios for holes of different length-to-diameter ratios are presented covering the range of pressure ratios of practical interest. The results indicate that radiusing and chamfering are both beneficial in increasing the discharge coefficient. Increases of 10-30 percent are possible
The Effect of a Comprehensive Corrective Exercise Program on Kyphosis Angle and Balance in Kyphotic Adolescents

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a comprehensive corrective exercise program on the kyphosis angle and balance in kyphotic adolescents. A total of 62 male adolescents (between the ages of 10 and 18, mean BMI 21.7 kg/m2) with a thoracic kyphosis (TK) angle of ≥ 50° were divided into three groups using the simple randomization method: CCEP (comprehensive corrective exercise program), TEP (thoracic exercise program) and control group. The CCEP program consisted of corrective exercises plus postural perception training (PPT). Exercise programs were applied for 40–50 min, 3 days a week for 12 weeks. The kyphosis angle was measured using a flexible ruler, and balance was assessed using the Romberg index obtained from pedobarography. After training, a highly significant reduction in the kyphosis angle was observed in the CCEP and TEP groups (p < 0.001). Comparison among the groups showed a greater reduction in the kyphosis angle in the CCEP group (p < 0.020). Postural perception improved in the CCEP group versus other groups (p < 0.001). Improvement of the Romberg index (balance) was found only in the CCEP group upon within-group comparison (p < 0.001), with no difference among the groups (p > 0.05). The use of postural perception in combination with corrective exercise programs for thoracic kyphosis represents a comprehensive approach, and PPT can increase the effectiveness of the intervention.
A sub-optimal receding horizon control strategy for constrained linear systems

We present a novel receding horizon control strategy for constrained linear systems, based on a suboptimal solution to the fixed horizon optimization problem considered in Model Predictive Control (MPC). The proposed strategy relies on a basis function expansion of the unconstrained optimal solution in terms of the singular vectors of the Hessian of the performance index. At each sampling time, the strategy ensures that the constraints are not violated by considering a variable subset of the basis representation. For cases in which the Hessian is ill-conditioned, the proposed strategy delivers a feasible solution without excessively compromising performance. We also show that the singular values of the Hessian are related to the frequency response of the plant.
The Evolution of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Holistic Investigation of Global Outputs with Bibliometric Analysis

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the main presentations in emergency department admissions. Although there has been much improvement in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment recently, patients with GIB still have high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to analyze the scientific articles on gastrointestinal bleeding published between 1980 and 2020 using statistical and bibliometric methods. Methods: Articles about gastrointestinal bleeding published between 1980 and 2020 were downloaded using the Web of Science database and analyzed using statistical methods. Network visualization maps were used to identify trending topics. Correlation studies were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Nonlinear regression analysis (exponential model) was used to estimate the number of articles in future years. Results: A total of 12 568 publications about gastrointestinal bleeding were found. Forty percent (n = 5033) of these publications were articles. The top 3 contributing countries to the literature were the United States of America (1646, 32.7%), the United Kingdom (433, 9%), and Germany (391, 7.7%). The top three journals with the most publications were Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (172), American Journal of Gastroenterology (165), and Digestive Diseases and Sciences (161). The effect of countries’ gross domestic product levels on article productivity on gastrointestinal bleeding was significant (r = 0. 770, P < .001). Conclusion: In this comprehensive study, a summary of 5033 articles was presented. We think that these detailed analyses will be a quick source to show the past, present, and future of this subject to those who are currently working on gastrointestinal bleeding.
Evolution towards centrosymmetry of the nonlinear-optical material RbTiOPO 4 in the temperature range 293-973 K: Alkaline displacements and titanyl deformations

The crystal structure of rubidium titanyl phosphate, ${\mathrm{RbTiOPO}}_{4}$ (space group ${\mathrm{Pna}2}_{1}$), has been refined at room temperature, and at 473, 673, 873, and 973 K, by using single-crystal x-ray-diffraction techniques. The data show a large anharmonic motion of the rubidium ions increasing with temperature. To describe the importance of this motion in the phase-transition procedure and in the ionic conductivity phenomenon, two models are developed. The study of the deviation to the centrosymmetric structure (space group Pnan) shows that the change towards centrosymmetry of the titanyl groups correlates directly with the observed variation of the second-harmonic generating intensity ${I}_{2\ensuremath{\omega}}$ of the ${\mathrm{RbTiOPO}}_{4}$ crystal versus temperature.
Inexact Levenberg-Marquardt method for nonlinear equations

In this paper, we present an inexact Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method for singular system of nonlinear equations, where the LM parameter is chosen as the norm of the function and the trial step is computed approximately. Under the local error bound condition which is weaker than the non- singularity, we show that the new inexact LM method preserves the quadratic convergence of the traditional LM method where the parameter is chosen to be larger than a positive constant and the Jacobi at the solution is nonsingular.
Simple Allometry To Estimate The Aboveground Tree Biomass For Five Cool-Broadleaved Species Of Bhutan Himalaya

Million tons of carbon was found to be stored in the forest biomass with maximum storage capacity in the broadleaved trees. Developing tree biomass allometric equation being considered fundamental to determine the carbon sequestration potential of tree species. Thus, five broadleaved tree species of Quercus lamellosa, Beilschemidia sikkimensis, Castonopsis hystrix, Persea clerkania and Symplocos sumintia were destructively sampled using Randomized Branch Sampling technique (RBS) to develop allometry for aboveground biomass estimation in cool broadleaved forests in Bhutan. The total of 159 sample trees with minimum 32 trees from each species under different diameter class (5 cm < 90 cm), height class (4 m < 46 m) from four physiographic zones were sampled. The observed total aboveground dry biomass of the trees ranges from 4.12 < 5579.31 kg; 3.62 < 3464.51 kg; 5.99 < 3600.52; 8.89 < 3689.82 kg; kg and 7.08 < 2993.22 kg respectively for above five species. Linear regression was attributed to heteroskedasticity with un-equal distribution of the residual errors. While linearized regression with transformed variables exhibited the best fit line for biomass estimation. Significant prediction of aboveground tree biomass was observed with natural log base transformed linearized power function of DBH -tree height relationships (t (29) = 11.91, 1.63, p ≤ . 001) R² = . 98) followed by the transformed model of DBH as independent variable (t (30) = 34.31, p ≤ . 001) R² = . 97). Therefore, the study concluded that, linearized power function with antilog bias correction factor seemed better in predicting aboveground tree biomass of cool broadleaved species in Bhutan
The physical interpretation of the lift discrepancy in Lanchester–Prandtl lifting wing theory for Euler flow, leading to the proposal of an alternative model in Oseen flow

Consider uniform, steady potential and incompressible flow past a fixed thin wing inclined at a small angle to the flow. An investigation is conducted into the physical interpretation and consequences of the revision by Chadwick (Chadwick 2005 Proc. R. Soc. A 461, 1–18) of the Lanchester–Prandtl lifting wing theory in Euler flow. In the present paper, the lift is evaluated from the pressure distribution over the top and bottom surfaces together with a contribution across the trailing edge of the wing. It is shown that this contribution across the trailing edge has previously been erroneously omitted in the standard approach but confirms and provides a physical explanation for the discrepancy in the lift calculation found by Chadwick. This results in a reduction of the lift by a half, but this reduction in lift from the additional calculation is not the right answer, and instead arises from a mathematical discrepancy with the physically observed lift. The discrepancy is due to the pressure becoming singular at the trailing edge in the Euler model. The physical explanation is that in real flow the pressure is regularized by the action of viscosity and so is not singular at the trailing edge. So this lift force at the trailing edge is present in the Euler model but not in a real flow. In a real flow, the viscous effects prevent the pressure becoming singular and so there is no lift force, and consequently no large torque, concentrated at the trailing edge. That the lift force at the trailing edge has been ignored in the Lanchester–Prandtl theory in Euler flow has led to fortuitous agreement with the experimental results on real flows. This shows that the Euler model does not properly predict forces for this problem in which there are singularities (vorticity) within the flow field. We propose a revision to the Euler model by allowing a counterbalancing singular viscous velocity term to reside on the trailing vortex sheet, which is derived from the lift oseenlet. This viscous term ensures that the pressure and velocity are not singular in the flow field. The consequences for the flow due to the inclusion of this term for extending triple-deck and similar asymptotic theories to the case for flow past wings rather than aerofoils are discussed, as well as for the (ideal) high Reynolds number limit and for slender body lift.
DETECTION OF THE FREE ANTINEUTRINO

The antineutrino absorption reaction p( nu -bar, beta /sup +/)n was observed in two 200-liter water targets each placed between large liquid scintillation detectors and located near a powerful production fission reactor in an antineutrino flux of 1.2 x 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/. The signal, a delayed-coincidence event consisting of the annihilation of the positron followed by the capture of the neutron in cadmium which was dissolved in the water target, was subjected to a variety of tests. These tests demonstrated that reactor- associated events occurred at the rate of 3.0 hr/sup -1/ for both targets taken together, consistent with expectations; the first pulse of the pair was due to a positron; the second to a neutron; the signal depended on the presence of protons in the target: and the signal was not due to neutrons or gamma rays from the reactor. (auth)
Tetracene air-gap single-crystal field-effect transistors

The authors report the fabrication and characterization of tetracene single-crystal field-effect transistors (FETs) utilizing an air or vacuum gap as the gate dielectric. The linear mobility of the device can be as high as 1.6cm2∕Vs in air, with a subthreshold slope lower than 0.5VnF∕decadecm2. By changing the orientation of the same crystal on the air-gap substrate, surface charge transport along different crystallographic directions was measured. There is pronounced anisotropy in the mobility; temperature dependent measurements show the mobility is activated (in contrast to air-gap FETs based on rubrene) and that the activation energy is independent of transport direction. Gate electrode displacement current was also recorded for these devices, allowing accurate determination of the gate induced surface charge and the fraction of trapped charge.
A Literature Review of the Factors Affecting the Compliance Costs of Environmental Regulation and Companies’ Productivity

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to identify potential factors that influence the relative size of environmental compliance costs through a literature review and propose a conceptual holistic model of the indirect impact of these factors on companies’ productivity levels. In the literature, the connection between costs associated with environmental regulation and companies’ productivity has been thoroughly tested within what is known as the Porter hypothesis, or simply PH.Design/methodology/approach: The paper applies the methods of integrative review of scientific literature and qualitative research with a document study.Findings: The results point to several key findings. First, the identified potential factors can be divided into two main categories, namely internal factors (size, sector, age, environmental awareness, etc.) and external factors (relevance of environmental regulation for businesses, environmental stimulus measures, quality of institutions, etc.). Second, the wide use of compliance costs within the indicators of stringency of environmental regulation suggests that the relative size of environmental compliance costs is likely to affect companies’ productivity.Practical Implications: The identification of factors affecting the size of compliance costs provides valuable insights to policy makers for the implementation of environmental regulation and making it more effective while not being discriminatory in terms of presenting an excessive burden to certain types of companies.Originality/significance: There has been a gap in the literature on environmental regulation compliance costs, as so far no study has comprehensively addressed all the potential factors influencing the relative size of environmental compliance costs for companies.
Social networks: A quality tool for health dissemination?

BACKGROUND: Social networks are integrated in our lives and, amongst other functions, they are a means of dissemination. There are numerous social network accounts dedicated to health that could be used as an educational resource. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of accounts dedicated to health in different social networks, assessing their content and didactic and technological effectiveness and accessibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational cross-sectional descriptive study in which an analysis of social networks related to health was carried out from April to June 2021 in Spain. Twenty-eight accounts were analysed using a mixed qualitative-quantitative methodology. Content analysis of the speeches disseminated through the selected accounts was performed. In addition, the quality of the accounts was assessed with the Instrumento de Evaluación de Recursos Educativos Digitales (#IE_RED) (Digital Educational Resources Evaluation Instrument [#IE_RED]). RESULTS: Four categories were identified according to the content: student-focused profiles, specific professionals' profiles, current health issues and profiles promoting a healthy lifestyle. In addition, the quality of the accounts obtained a score that indicates they meet the requirements to be validated as a good educational digital resource but could be improved. Instagram social network accounts and those managed by nurses scored significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: The analysed accounts were revealed as a quality tool for health dissemination, with varied content and applicable to teaching. Their use could be applied both to the training of health professionals and to the promotion of the population's health.
Effects of Maternal and Child Lifetime Traumatic Stress Exposures, Infant Temperament, and Caregiving Quality on Preschoolers’ Executive Functioning

ABSTRACT We examined effects of maternal and child lifetime traumatic stress exposures, infant temperament, and caregiving quality on parent ratings of preschoolers’ executive functioning (EF). Maternal lifetime trauma was associated with preschoolers’ EF problems; this association was mediated by greater child trauma exposure. Infant temperament was associated with EF abilities, particularly among females. Among males, infant extraversion/surgency mediated the association of maternal lifetime trauma with poorer child EF. Caregiving quality was negatively associated with maternal and child trauma exposures but did not predict child EF. Findings have implications for interventions to identify children at risk for poor EF and optimize outcomes.
Flexible Insulation Mats from Zostera marina Seagrass

ABSTRACT The dead seagrass leaves accumulated on the seashores, also known as beach (seagrass) wracks, can be considered a sustainable and ecologically beneficial source for application in the construction sector. An innovative thermal insulation material composed of Zostera marina seagrass leaves was developed using bicomponent fibers as a binding agent. The bicomponent fibers consisted of polypropylene in the core and polyethylene in the sheath. This work aimed to investigate the effect of mat density on mechanical properties (compression and internal bond strength), thermal conductivity and fire properties. The seagrass-based (SG) mats were compared to reference mats consisting of wood fibers (WF). The digital and scanning electron microscopy investigation revealed the differences in the bonding mechanism between the two types of mats. Although slightly higher than WF mats, the thermal conductivity of SG mats still varied from 0.039 to 0.051 W m−1 K−1 and is comparable to those of other natural fiber-based boards with the same density range. The low peak heat release of SG mats (up to 63% lower than wood fiber-based mats) indicates their high resistance to fire. SG mats provide novel possibilities for using new environmentally friendly materials intended for ceiling and partition applications.
Abiotic and cultivar effects on the incidence of pest arthropods in 16 citrus scion varieties grafted on two rootstocks

visually inspecting five leaf buds or five leaves or five fruits, or combination of those, in two of six randomly sampled trees, in each one of three 210 m 2 plots established for each cultivar, for a total of 192 trees in each sampling. Percentages of presence of each arthropod taxon on each tree among cultivars were compared and correlations between these percentages and the climatic factors temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall recorded on a daily basis, were calculated. Among the three citrus types, mandarins had the greatest presence of aphids; oranges had the greatest presence of whiteflies, leafminers and Diaphorina citri , and limes-lemons had the greatest presence of mites. Presence of mites, aphids, D. citri and leafminer were positively correlated to relative humidity. Among mandarin varieties aphids had higher percentage of presence on Oneco and Owari Satsuma and among orange varieties Pineapple had a higher presence of it than the other varieties in study. Leaf miner had higher presence on Orange Sweet variety grafted on SxE rootstock than on any other orange cultivar.
A comparative study of four change detection methods for aerial photography applications

We present four new change detection methods that create an automated change map from a probability map. In this case, the probability map was derived from a 3D model. The primary application of interest is aerial photographic applications, where the appearance, disappearance or change in position of small objects of a selectable class (e.g., cars) must be detected at a high success rate in spite of variations in magnification, lighting and background across the image. The methods rely on an earlier derivation of a probability map. We describe the theory of the four methods, namely Bernoulli variables, Markov Random Fields, connected change, and relaxation-based segmentation, evaluate and compare their performance experimentally on a set probability maps derived from aerial photographs.