Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelos forzados y no forzados para el cálculo del índice de sitio en bosques de Nothofagus antarctica en Patagonia Sur

El potencial de produccion de un rodal puede definirse a traves de la calidad de sitio. Una forma de medir dicha calidad es a traves de ecuaciones de indice de sitio, existiendo distintos tipos de ecuaciones (forzadas y no forzadas). El objetivo fue comparar el ajuste de diferentes ecuaciones de indice de sitio con diferentes edades base mediante validaciones a lo largo de gradientes de edad y clase de sitio en bosques de Nothofagus antarctica de Patagonia Sur. Se ajustaron cuatro ecuaciones de crecimiento en altura, dos no forzadas y dos forzadas. Las edades base utilizadas para el ajuste fueron 30, 40 y 50 anos. Se realizaron autovalidaciones de las ecuaciones a lo largo de gradientes de edad y de calidad de sitio. Los menores errores se obtuvieron al utilizar una edad base de 50 anos para todas las ecuaciones. Los mejores ajustes en los gradientes de edad y calidad de sitio se obtuvieron con los modelos de Weibull, Richards y Newnham. Los valores provenientes de la autovalidacion de las ecuaciones seleccionadas fueron comparables a los encontrados por otros autores que trabajaron con curvas de indice de sitio aplicadas a bosques de Nothofagus spp. La ecuacion de Newnham fue la que mejor describio el crecimiento en altura dominante de N. antarctica, cumpliendo con las condiciones que deben tener las curvas de crecimiento. Estos resultados permiten senalar que el modelo es recomendable para ser usado como una herramienta de prediccion en la planificacion del manejo de los bosques de N. Antarctica.
Multiple Displays in Animal Communication:`Backup Signals' and `Multiple Messages'

Why are animal displays so complex? In contexts ranging from courtship and mating to parent-offspring communication to predator deterrence, biological signals often involve a number of different visual, auditory and/or olfactory components. Previous models of communication have tended to ignore this complexity, assuming that only one kind of display is available. Here, a new game-theoretical model of signalling is described, in which signallers may use more than one display to advertise their qualities. Additional displays may serve to enhance the accuracy with which receivers assess a single quality (the \`backup signal' hypothesis), or to provide information about different qualities (the \`multiple message' hypothesis). Multiple signals are shown to be stable, even when multiple receiver preferences entail significant costs, provided that signalling costs are strongly accelerating. In such cases, signallers bias their investment towards more efficient forms of signal, but not to the exclusion of other display types. When costs are not strongly accelerating, by contrast, individual signallers employ only a single display at equilibrium. If different signals provide information about different qualities, however, then the equilibrium may feature alternative signalling strategies, with signallers who excel in one quality employing one kind of display, and those who excel in another quality employing another kind.
How gaming tourism affects tourism development through word-of-mouth communication regarding a destination: applying the integrated satisfaction theory

ABSTRACT This study applies the concept of integrated satisfaction to investigate the effects of satisfaction with gaming and non-gaming experience on word-of-mouth communication regarding gaming destination. A survey in Macau (n = 298) indicates that integrated satisfaction has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between non-gaming satisfaction and word-of-mouth, and integrated satisfaction has a moderating and partial mediating effect on the relationship between gaming satisfaction and word-of-mouth. Therefore, gaming tourism enlarges the effect of the non-gaming tourism experience. Besides, gaming activities cause positive word-of-mouth communication for repeat tourists. This study extends our knowledge in gaming tourism and integrated satisfaction theory.
Utilization of urea and water metabolism by Zebu cattle and buffaloes under tropical conditions.

Abstract In four metabolic trials four Zebu Tharparkar cows and four Murrah Buffaloes were fed four rations: I, standard farm concentrate ration; II, a ration isocaloric and isonitrogenous with the above but in which 25% of total nitrogen was supplied by urea; III, ration as above but in which 38% nitrogen was supplied by urea; and IV, negative control for II, isocaloric with the above rations, but it supplied 25% less nitrogen, i.e., the nitrogen that was supplied by urea in II. Dry matter intake, per unit metabolic body size, was unaffected by treatments (61.7, 61.6, 62.2, 61.3g) and was similar for the two species (61.2g cows, 62.2g buffaloes). The digestibility coefficient of dry matter was different (P 0.75 was also different (P Total water intake and ratio of water intake to dry matter were not influenced by dietary protein or by urea (2% and 3% of concentrate mixture), but these were different (P
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer and Residual Response in Cotton–Sorghum and Cotton–Cotton Sequences

Nitrogen and P fertilizer response for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in a reduced tillage rotation system in the Southern High Plains has not been well studied. During 2000 to 2003, an irrigated study of cotton-sorghum rotation vs. continuous cotton evaluated the crop rotation effects on cotton lint yield and assessed N and P fertilizer and residual fertilizer response for the two systems. Preplant soil samples were collected each spring to determine fertilizer rates. Cotton lint yields and cottonseed N were not affected by rotation with sorghum compared with continuous cotton. Nitrogen fertilizer response was observed in lint yields from 2001 to 2003 in cotton following sorghum, but not in continuous cotton. No P fertilizer or soil residual P response in cotton lint yields was found, regardless of rotation. Grain sorghum yields responded to N fertilizer in 2 yr. No grain sorghum response was observed to P fertilizer, but in 1 yr a yield response to residual P fertilizer relative to zero-P plots was noted. Seed N uptake was greater in sorghum than in cotton. Nitrogen fertility level increased seed N in sorghum and in cotton following sorghum. Infrequent crop response to P fertilizer was not unexpected, especially when Mehlich-3 soil P in zero-P subplots was near the 95% sufficiency level of 20 mg P kg -1 . The main finding of this study is that N fertilizer response was more consistent for cotton following sorghum than in a continuous cotton system. In refining N fertilizer recommendations, N debits may be needed for N immobilization in sorghum residue. Nitrogen credit may be appropriate from leaf litter for crops following cotton and for NO 3 -N in irrigation water.
Achieving a High Level of Protection from Pesticides in Europe: Problems with the Current Risk Assessment Procedure and Solutions

The regulation of pesticides in the European Union (EU) relies on a network of hard law (legislation and implementing acts) and soft law (non-legally binding guidance documents and administrative and scientific practices). Both hard and soft laws govern how risk assessments are conducted, but a significant role is left to the latter. Europe’s pesticide regulation is one of the most stringent in the world. Its stated objectives are to ensure an independent, objective and transparent assessment of pesticides and achieve a high level of protection for health and environment. However, a growing body of evidence shows that pesticides that have passed through this process and are authorised for use may harm humans, animals and the environment. The authors of the current paper – experts in toxicology, law and policy – identified shortcomings in the authorisation process, focusing on the EU assessment of the pesticide active substance glyphosate. The shortcomings mostly consist of failures to implement the hard or soft laws. But in some instances the law itself is responsible, as some provisions can only fail to achieve its objectives. Ways to improve the system are proposed, requiring changes in hard and soft laws as well as in administrative and scientific practices.
Concentrations of minerals, soluble solids, vitamin C, carotenoids and toxigenic elements in organic goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.) cultivated in Lithuania

ABSTRACT The quality attributes of two goji berry cultivars, Lasa and New Big, grown in an organic system in the Lithuanian climate were investigated in two consecutive years (2015 and 2016). Concentrations of mineral elements (N, K, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mn, and Se), toxigenic elements (Pb and Cd), dry matter, soluble solids, vitamin C and carotenoids were evaluated. The results showed that the main mineral element in the goji berries was N, with values between 219.4 and 284.8 g kg−1. The New Big berries accumulated significantly higher concentrations of N, K, Fe, Zn, Cu and vitamin C compared with the Lasa berries. Significant differences were found between the two years in the concentrations of macro-elements, such as N, K and P, toxigenic elements (Pb and Cd), and carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin). Concentrations of toxigenic elements were low and below the permissible limit levels. It was concluded that the goji berries tested in this study were a rich source of essential elements, such as N, K, Fe, Zn, B, Mn, and Cu, vitamin C and carotenoids, especially zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin.
Agronomic Performance of Sulfonylurea-Resistant Transgenic Flue-Cured Tobacco Grown under Field Conditions

Field testing of transgenic crops is an essential step towards commercialization. This study was conducted to assess the agronomic performance of herbicide-resistant transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) lines relative to untransformed controls and to evaluate their sensitivity to sulfonylurea herbicides in a field situation. Two transgenic flue-cured tobacco lines harboring the csr1-1 gene for sulfonylurea resistance were evaluated after application of three rates of two sulfonylurea herbicides (.)
On the nematode genus Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916 (Nematoda : Spiruroidea).

The systematic position of the genus Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916 and its diagnosis is reviewed. The genus comprising 33 species has a world-wide distribution and has been found, with one exception, in fish. Species from fish in North America are discussed and R. cascadilla Wigdor, 1918 is redescribed; R. laurentiana Lyster, 1940 is considered to be identical with the latter. A new species, R. milleri, is described. A host list and the geographical distribution of the 33 species of Rhabdochona so far recorded are given.
Molecular Study of Some Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Citrobacter frundii Isolated from Human Diarrhea

A total of (100) clinical specimens from Stool were collected under aseptic condition. These specimens were collected from patients attending to Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital in Babylon province from August (2019) and March (2020). Fecal samples were collected from (100) consecutive patients, with community-acquired gastro-enteritis. Quantitative biofilm formation experiments were performed in a microtiter (biofilm assay) using Trypticase Soy Broth supplemented with (1%) glucose. This assay was repeated as triplicate to increase the accuracy of assy. According to mean of value at (63) nm the results were interpreted as none, moderate and strong biofilm former when the mean of OD value were (0.240) respectively. The results revealed that seven isolates of Citrobacter freundii isolates were biofilm former (41.2%), the strong biofilm former were account for 5/7(71.4%) while isolates that express moderate biofilm formation were 1/7(14.3%), and 1/7(14.3%) isolates that express weak biofilm formation. The (17) C. freundii isolates were tested for susceptibility to (14) antibiotics belonging to (8) antibiotic classes using the disk diffusion method according to CLSI recommendations. Most of the (17) bacterial isolates were resistant to β-lactams, especially to Penicillins (35.29%), Cephalosporins (23.52%-70.58%). Resistance to the two quinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin) tested was (11.7%). Resistance to other antibiotics included Aminoglycosides (5.88%-11.7%), Tetracyclines (17.6%), Chloramphinicol (11.7%), Trimethoprim (23.52%) and Nitrofuran (23.52%). In this study, hemolysin production by all isolates were done, it was found that none of the isolates showed a typical hemolysis pattern on 5% sheep blood agar plates. Bacterial isolateswere screened for siderophores production the results showed 16(94.1%) isolates were able to produce siderophores. Ten isolates were positive for protease production (58.8%). The prevalence of viaB, hlyA, LT, and STp related genes in the bacterial isolates were low in this study. DNA was extracted from all (17) isolates; conventional PCR was carried out using these DNA samples for the amplification of specific viaB primer; after that gel electrophoresis showed that, out of the (17) samples, only 7(41.2%) produced the specific (516) bp DNA fragment when compared with allelic ladder. A PCR survey was performed using primers hlyA to determine whether a (597) bp hlyA gene fragment could be detected in the (17) Citrobacter freundii. After that gel electrophoresis showed that, out of the (17) samples, only 1(5.9%) produced the specific (597bp) DNA fragment when compared with allelic ladder. After that gel electrophoresis to detect TA gene showed that, out of the (17) samples, 8(47.1%) Produced the specific (273bp) DNA fragment when compared with allelic ladder. Moreover, 4(23.5%) isolates produced the specific (166 bp) DNA fragment as recorded heat stable toxin gene among isolates in recent study.
Sediment pH and redox potential affect the bioavailability of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn to rooted aquatic macrophytes

We have evaluated the role of sediment pH (4.7–7.1) and redox potential (88–305 mV) in determining the bioavailability of five metals to four species of isoetoid macrophytes. The four species (Eleocharis acicularis, Eriocaulon septangulare With., Isoetes sp., and Sagittaria graminae) did not differ significantly in the relationship between the contents of metals in plants and sediment. When data for all species were pooled, 28–80% of the variation in the log of plant metal content was explained by the log of sediment metal (Al, Fe, and Mn) or by the log of sediment organic content (Cu and Zn). Sediment pH explained 45% (Al), 10% (Cu), 20% (Fe), 5% (Mn), and 12% (Zn) variation over and above that explained by the sediment metal content. These results demonstrate that lower sediment pH, in the presence of mildly oxic redox conditions, increases the bioavailability of these five trace metals to rooted aquatic plants. Rooted macrophytes subject to acidification contain higher metal concentrations which may be.
Cytogenetic Studies in Coffea L. and Psilanthus Hook.f. Using CMA/DAPI and FISH

The 2 close related genera Coffea and Psilanthus present few cytogenetic studies due to their chromosomal symmetry. In the present we studied cytogenetically 4 species of the Coffee Germplasm Bank of the IAC: Coffea brevipes, C. racemosa, Psilanthus bengalensis and P. travancorensis. For heterochromatic banding assays the fluorochromes CMA3 and DAPI were used. For FISH assays the probes pTa71 and pScT7 were used to detect 18S-5.8S-26S (NOR) and 5S rDNA sites respectively. None of the 4 species presented DAPI positive bands. C. racemosa and P. travancorensis presented 2 CMA3 positive band pairs while the other 2 species presented only 1. Only C. racemosa presented more than 1 pair of NOR sites. Although we observed remarkable cytological similarity between the studied species and genera, the analysis based on these cytogenetic markers contributed to karyological characterization of these species and provided more data to taxonomic discussion in the group.
The Experiences with Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (EASI)

Abstract We developed and validated a self-report scale assessing women’s daily experiences with hostile and benevolent sexism within domains of paternalism, gender differentiation, and heterosexuality. Women in two independent samples (Ns = 540 and 345) reported how frequently they experienced various hostile and benevolent forms of gender-based treatment derived from ambivalent sexism theory. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, along with item response theory, resulted in a 28-item scale (the Experiences with Ambivalent Sexism Inventory [EASI]) with five subscales assessing hostile sexism, heterosexual hostility, protective paternalism, complementary gender differentiation, and heterosexual intimacy. The EASI demonstrates good internal consistency reliability, convergent and divergent validity, concurrent validity, and incremental validity when compared with a self-report measure of benevolent sexism. Moreover, it can be used flexibly to measure sexism experiences within specific contexts. We also validated a 20-item short version (the EASI-20) and a very brief 10-item version (the EASI-10) for use in time-constrained contexts. Discussion considers the benefits that the EASI offers researchers, as well as its limitations.
Numbers and distribution of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in relation to white mold of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Relationships between the distribution and numbers of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and the distribution and incidence of white mold of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were investigated in a field plot at Arkell, Ont. , in 1981 and 1982. The spatial distributions of both apothecia and disease were aggregated and were most consistently described by the negative binomial distribution, although the Poisson, Poisson binomial and logarithmic with zeros distributions were also significant for some sampling dates. Numbers of apothecia were correlated with disease incidence within areas 1.4 (r = 0.07–0.67), 36 (r = 0.11–0.72), and 108 m2 (r = 0.21–0.95). The quantitative relationships between apothecia within a field of beans and the incidence of white mold may be useful in predicting the disease.
Bfp Adhesions and EspA Filament by Enteropathogenic E.Coli in Relation to Pathogenesis of Infantile Diarrhea in Children Under 5 Years in Mansoura University Children Hospital

Background: Our study was applied aiming to detect the biofilm formation by the Enteropathogenic E. coli causing diarrhea and to investigate the relation between the Bfp adhesions and EspA filament containing strains with the severity of diarrhea in children under 5 years in Mansoura University Children Hospital, Egypt. Methods: It was carried out by identification of EPEC, Serological agglutination test, Biofilm Formation under static condition at 3,6,9,24 hours. Results: Out of 103 children with diarrhea, 50 E. coli were isolated, 16 (32%) were EPEC and 34 (68%) were non-EPEC. The CFU mean± SD of biofilm of 16 EPEC isolates at 4 time points 3, 6, 9, 24h are 108- 1013, 69.5910±24.9310, 106-109, 20.2948±3.96778, 107-1011, 13.92×1010±3.376×1010, 109-1015, 6.402×1013± 2.496×1013. The relation of the biofilm formation and the severity of diarrhea in 16 EPEC isolates including 5 typical EPEC isolates and11 atypical EPEC reveals significant relation between the duration of the diarrhea and biofilm formation P=0.001**. Conclusion: EPEC is capable of forming biofilms on plastic under static and flow through-continuous conditions which correlate to the severity of the diarrhea in children under 5 years.
Cross Protection Between Strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and its Effect on Vascular Resistance Mechanisms

The severity of symptoms induced in cotton plants by stem inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum was reduced by inoculation with a non-pathogenic strain (NPS) of the fungus 3 days previously. Symptom reduction was associated with reduced populations of the pathogen in the stele tissue of the stem. This cross-protective response became effective within 24 h of inoculation with the NPS. Although both vascular occlusion and terpenoid aldehyde synthesis were induced by theNPS, the short time required for cross protection to become effective and the duration of the effect, indicated that vascular occlusion rather than fungitoxicity of the terpenoid aldehyde compounds was the mechanism of protection.
Factors influencing the distribution of the bank vole in forest habitats

In mosaics of forest environment the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) prefers patches with dense vegetal cover like understorey or tall herbaceous plants, like ferns or sedges. The size and intensity of the space use, the rate of colonization of free space with population increases and mean home range soze are highest in habitats, or their parts, covered uniformly by this type of vegetation. Habitats with dense and uniform understorey characteristically support high vole densities, high numbers of sexual active individuals, high survival rates of individuals entering the population at the beginning of the repreductive season, a high emigration during the second half of the season and a low immigration. Vole populations in habitats of poor and clumped understorey are characterized by low densities, high immigration of individuals entering to the population during the second half of the season and a high turnover of individuals. It has been suggested that vole distribution in a mosaic of forest habitats depends upon the abundance of structural elements of the habitat thay may serve as defensive structures against predators.