Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ITC-irst SMT System for IWSLT-2005

This paper describes the statistical machine translation system developed at ITC-irst for the evaluation campaign of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation 2005. The system exploits two search passes: the first pass is performed by a beam-search decoder which generates an n-best list of translations, the second by a simple re-scoring algorithm. The two passes apply log-linear phrase-based models with an increasing number of feature functions. Runs have been submitted under the supplieddata and manual-transcription conditions for three language pairs: Chinese-to-English, Japanese-to-English and Arabicto-English. Moreover, the Japanese-to-English system has been also employed under the ASR first-best condition. Significant improvements are reported by exploiting alternative word-alignments, and by using novel feature functions in the re-scoring step.
The Effect of Meloidogyne incognita and Tissue Wounding on Severity of Seedling Disease of Cotton Caused by Rhizoctonia solani.

Scans of slash pine wood chips infested with pine wood nematodes showed coiled aggregates of 5-10 nematodes in the axial resin canals, and 1-2 nematodes folded in the radial resin canals. Observations of the pine wood nematode by SEM showed the head to be offset with six labial lohes. A smaller circle nf six inner lobes surrounded the stonta. A single lahial sensillmn was observed on each of the two subventral and two snbdorsal lobes. The two opposite lobes, without sensilla, bore a pore-like amphid. The female vttlva flap was observed to be a pouch. In addition to Iwo pairs of copulatory papillae previously described for the male, three additional papillae were observed: an additional post-anal pair, and a single papilla anterior to the cloaca. Spicules were fused ventrally. Distal spicule ends terminated in two fused half discs. Caudal alae were angular at the tail terminus, but era'led inward at the corners to appear oval. Lateral lields had four lateral striations.
A New Thresholding Technique for Despeckling of Medical Ultrasound Images

Ultrasound imaging is the most commonly used imaging system in the medical field. Due to various sources of interferences medical images are often deteriorated by noise. Main problem to this imaging technique is introduction of speckle noise. Speckle noise is a mottling of the image with dark and bright spots, which degrades the fine details and quality of image. The primary objective of this paper is to implement a multi-resolution based method for despeckling of ultrasound images and compare it with existing state-of-art techniques. There have been several methods for efficient reduction of speckle noise present in ultrasound images in order to reduce the noise level and improve the visual quality for better diagnoses. In this paper an improved method is given which can determine an optimal threshold and neighbouring window size for every subband by the Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE). Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better results than some of the best adaptive and non-adaptive despeckling techniques. The proposed method can also be extended to the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT).
Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor Represents an Apolipoprotein E-independent Pathway of Aβ Uptake and Degradation by Astrocytes*

Background: The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) regulates Aβ levels in the mouse brain, but its effect on Aβ cellular uptake and degradation is unknown. Results: Increasing LDLR levels enhanced Aβ uptake and degradation by astrocytes. Conclusion: LDLR represents a pathway for Aβ uptake into astrocytes. Significance: Identifying receptors involved in the cellular internalization of Aβ is important for understanding Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Accumulation of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide within the brain is hypothesized to be one of the main causes underlying the pathogenic events that occur in Alzheimer disease (AD). Consequently, identifying pathways by which Aβ is cleared from the brain is crucial for better understanding of the disease pathogenesis and developing novel therapeutics. Cellular uptake and degradation by glial cells is one means by which Aβ may be cleared from the brain. In the current study, we demonstrate that modulating levels of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), a cell surface receptor that regulates the amount of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in the brain, altered both the uptake and degradation of Aβ by astrocytes. Deletion of LDLR caused a decrease in Aβ uptake, whereas increasing LDLR levels significantly enhanced both the uptake and clearance of Aβ. Increasing LDLR levels also enhanced the cellular degradation of Aβ and facilitated the vesicular transport of Aβ to lysosomes. Despite the fact that LDLR regulated the uptake of apoE by astrocytes, we found that the effect of LDLR on Aβ uptake and clearance occurred in the absence of apoE. Finally, we provide evidence that Aβ can directly bind to LDLR, suggesting that an interaction between LDLR and Aβ could be responsible for LDLR-mediated Aβ uptake. Therefore, these results identify LDLR as a receptor that mediates Aβ uptake and clearance by astrocytes, and provide evidence that increasing glial LDLR levels may promote Aβ degradation within the brain.
Platform markets and energy services EPRG Working Paper 1334 Cambridge Working Paper in Economics 1361

A structural shift from transaction-based, marginal cost pricing to feebased service business models often accompanies the emergence of “platform” markets, i.e. multi-sided markets where an intermediary captures the value of the interaction between user groups. The many examples include telecommunications, data storage, cinema, music and media, and the automobile industry. Why not electricity? In this paper, we explore how the electricity supply industry can be conceived of as a platform-mediated, two-sided market and the consequences for pricing. Through two cases, a balancing services provider for smart home energy management systems and an electric vehicle charge manager, we show where a platform entrant could position itself in the retail electricity markets between supply companies and end-users. The drivers of such a transition include increased volatility due to renewable generation, the new complexity of roles for end-users, and the introduction of information and communication technologies. Conceiving of electricity as a platform market where new entrants provide an energy optimisation and management service may stimulate a competitive ecosystem and innovation. We suggest that fee-based pricing would enable the objectives of time-varying pricing to be achieved without adversely affecting the most vulnerable customers.
Energy Borrowing: An Efficient Way to Bridge Energy Harvesting and Power Grid in Wireless Communications

Conventional energy harvesting (EH) communications are limited by energy unsteadiness and causality. In this paper, a novel technique namely energy borrowing (EB) is specifically designed as an efficient way to bridge energy harvesting and power grid in wireless communications. The EH nodes are capable of adaptively borrowing and returning energy from the power grid, at the cost of paying extra energy interest. In order to maximize the transmission throughput, the packets scheduling problem in the proposed EB-aided EH systems is investigated and adaptive solutions are developed. Simulation results show that the proposed EB-aided EH system provides throughput improvement over the conventional one without EB, while achieving extra energy benefits for the power grid.
Detectability and jamming of small UAVs by commercially available low-cost means

Within the experiments described in this paper, the authors focused the research on the capabilities of currently available commercial jammers, and tried to prove whether they have the potential to prevent or at least to make it more difficult to misuse commercial UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). This will allow to prove or disprove the potential of protection against these means. Furthermore, the experiments tried to determine the possibilities of visual and acoustic detection of UAV by individuals.
Static and Dynamic Analyses of Thin Uniformly Loaded Super Elliptical FGM Plates

Elastic and functionally graded (FGM) Kirchhoff plates are investigated in this study. Meshless approximate methods are employed for solution of plate equations. For static analysis, uniformly distributed load and clamped boundaries are assumed. Galerkin's method is used to solve the partial differential equation of plates. In addition, vibration characteristics of simply supported FGM plates are studied by using the Ritz method. The Poisson's ratios of plates are assumed to be constant, but Young's modulus varies functionally. The effective Young's modulus of the plates, made of isotropic ceramic and metal constituents with volume contents varying only in the thickness direction, is computed using the Mori–Tanaka homogenization technique. The objective here is to investigate the influence of volume fractions and the component materials on mechanical behavior of super elliptical plates.
IR-drop management CAD techniques in FPGAs for power grid reliability

The design of power grid network is critical in scaled technologies for reliable operation of a circuit. This paper presents novel CAD techniques for mitigating IR-drops in FPGAs. Placement and routing techniques are developed in the paper for improving the voltage profile of the power grid network. The proposed techniques not only improve the minimum voltage at any node in the FPGA power grid, but also reduces the variance of the supply voltage distribution across all the nodes in the power grid. An improvement of up to 7% in the minimum Vdd and up to 66% reduction in standard deviation of Vdd is obtained from the design technique proposed in this paper.
Coalgebraic Automata Theory: Basic Results

We generalize some of the central results in automata theory to the abstraction level of coalgebras and thus lay out the foundations of a universal theory of automata operating on infinite objects. Let F be any set functor that preserves weak pullbacks. We show that the class of recognizable languages of F-coalgebras is closed under taking unions, intersections, and projections. We also prove that if a nondeterministic F-automaton accepts some coalgebra it accepts a finite one of the size of the automaton. Our main technical result concerns an explicit construction which transforms a given alternating F-automaton into an equivalent nondeterministic one, whose size is exponentially bound by the size of the original automaton.
[(1,2,5,6-η)-1,5-Cyclooctadiene](1-isopropyl-3-methylimidazolin-2-ylidene)(triphenylphosphine)iridium(I) tetrafluoridoborate dichloromethane solvate

In the title compound, [Ir(C8H12)(C7H12N2)(C18H15P)]BF4·CH2Cl2, the Ir(I) atom has a square-planar conformation with normal bond lengths. One of the phenyl rings, and the solvent dichloromethane molecule, were refined using separate two part disorder models, each in an approximately 1:1 ratio.
WAViS server for handling, visualization and presentation of multiple alignments of nucleotide or amino acids sequences

Web Alignment Visualization Server contains a set of web-tools designed for quick generation of publication-quality color figures of multiple alignments of nucleotide or amino acids sequences. It can be used for identification of conserved regions and gaps within many sequences using only common web browsers. The server is accessible at http://wavis.img. cas.cz.
Poirot: A Distributed Tool Supporting Enterprise-Wide Automated Traceability

Poirot is a Web-based tool supporting traceability of distributed heterogeneous software artifacts. A probabilistic network model is used to generate traces between requirements, design elements, code and other artifacts stored in distributed 3rd party case tools such as DOORS, rational rose, and source code repositories. The tool is designed with extensibility in mind, so that additional artifact types and 3rd party case tools can be easily added. Trace results are displayed in both a textual and visual format. This paper briefly describes the underlying probabilistic model, and the user interface of the tool, and then discusses Poirot's deployment and use in an industrial setting
The effects of parental income on the living arrangements of single adult children in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to test whether the 'bribe model' as an explanation for why adult children live with their parents is valid in Japan. The bribe model argues that while parents are happy to live with their young adult child, adult children do not wish to live with their parents. As a result, parents have to 'bribe' their children with financial or non-financial transfers to induce them to live with them. Using micro data from the National Family Research of Japan (Kazoku ni tsuiteno Zenkoku Chousa) 1998 and 2003, we examine the effect of parental income on the propensity of young adult children to live with their parents, and investigate how co-residency affects the life satisfaction of parents and child. There are two main challenges in estimating the effects of parental income on the propensity of children to live with their parents. First, there is a potential endogeneity problem between the likelihood of children to live with their parents and parental income. Second, data on parental income is not available for children who live on their own. In order to deal with these two potential problems, we use the two sample instrumental variable (TSIV) method. The findings suggest that parental income has a negative not statistically significant impact on the propensity to cohabit in Japan. While children seem to be indifferent toward co-residence with their parents, co-residence has negative impacts on the marriage satisfaction and sex life satisfaction of parents. Thus, for parents privacy is a normal good in Japan, and the bribe model is not applicable to the Japanese case.
Estimation of elastic constants from 3D range-flow

This paper shows how range-flow can help to estimate the elastic constants of complete objects. In our framework, the object is deformed actively by a robotic device pushing into the object. The robot senses the contact force and surface displacement at the point of contact. This contact object behavior alone is not sufficient to estimate elastic constants. The displacement of the object's non-contacted surface needs to be taken into account. This paper presents a method to estimate surface displacement from range-flow calculated with trinocular stereo imagery. The observed object behavior allows us to estimate the linear elastic material constants of the object. To this end we will introduce the boundary element method as a modeling tool for deformable objects in 3D imaging. The boundary element method is a full discrete continuum mechanics model.
GRANELLI-PIPERNO , INABA , AND STEINMAN 1793 Chemical Co

T cells secrete a variety o f hormone-l ike proteins or lymphokines that mediate many aspects o f the immune response. Among these lymphokines are T cell growth factor or interleukin 2 (IL-2); 1 the macrophage-activating factor, immune or "r-interferon; and a number o f B cell-st imulating factors (1-3). A standard means for inducing the release of lymphokines is to stimulate rodent spleen cells with concanavalin A (Con A). Lymphokine release occurs over a 24 -48 h period. By 72 h, the cultures consist o f IL-2-responsive T lymphoblasts that no longer release iymphokine (4). In this paper we studied the capacity o f Con A in d u ced T blasts to produce iymphokines as a model for the behavior o f sensitized T cells in a cell-mediated immune response. IL-2, immune interferon, B cell-st imulating factors, and factors enhancing the deve lopment o f cytotoxic T cells were all quickly released over a 5 2 0 h per iod af ter the readdit ion o f lectin to T blasts. Lymphokine secretion required the induction o f new lymphokine-specific mRNA and new prote in synthesis. We also studied the effects o f cyclosporin A (CSA) in this model. This immunosuppressive d rug is known to act early in several pr imary responses (5-9), and was recently shown to block the release o f IL-2 f rom antigen-specific T cell blasts (10). We found that CSA blocks the product ion of many lymphokines and that this block is at the level of biologically active, lymphokine-specific mRNA.
A flexible, interactive software tool for fitting the parameters of neuronal models

The construction of biologically relevant neuronal models as well as model-based analysis of experimental data often requires the simultaneous fitting of multiple model parameters, so that the behavior of the model in a certain paradigm matches (as closely as possible) the corresponding output of a real neuron according to some predefined criterion. Although the task of model optimization is often computationally hard, and the quality of the results depends heavily on technical issues such as the appropriate choice (and implementation) of cost functions and optimization algorithms, no existing program provides access to the best available methods while also guiding the user through the process effectively. Our software, called Optimizer, implements a modular and extensible framework for the optimization of neuronal models, and also features a graphical interface which makes it easy for even non-expert users to handle many commonly occurring scenarios. Meanwhile, educated users can extend the capabilities of the program and customize it according to their needs with relatively little effort. Optimizer has been developed in Python, takes advantage of open-source Python modules for nonlinear optimization, and interfaces directly with the NEURON simulator to run the models. Other simulators are supported through an external interface. We have tested the program on several different types of problems of varying complexity, using different model classes. As targets, we used simulated traces from the same or a more complex model class, as well as experimental data. We successfully used Optimizer to determine passive parameters and conductance densities in compartmental models, and to fit simple (adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire) neuronal models to complex biological data. Our detailed comparisons show that Optimizer can handle a wider range of problems, and delivers equally good or better performance than any other existing neuronal model fitting tool.
Bayesian ‘hyper-parameters’ approach to joint estimation: the Hubble constant from CMB measurements

Recently several studies have jointly analysed data from different cosmological probes with the motivation of estimating cosmological parameters. Here we generalize this procedure to allow freedom in the relative weights of various probes. This is done by including in the joint χ2 function a set of ‘hyper-parameters’, which are dealt with using Bayesian considerations. The resulting algorithm, which assumes uniform priors on the log of the hyper-parameters, is very simple: instead of minimizing (where is per data set j) we propose to minimize (where Nj is the number of data points per data set j). We illustrate the method by estimating the Hubble constant H0 from different sets of recent cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments (including Saskatoon, Python V, MSAM1, TOCO and Boomerang). The approach can be generalized for combinations of cosmic probes, and for other priors on the hyper-parameters.
MIMO Inter-Cell Interference Management through Base Station Cooperation

Inter-cell interference coming from multiple base stations (BS) in adjacent cells limits the capacity of wireless cellular networks. In this paper, we exploit the uplink-downlink duality principle and BS cooperation to design linear and nonlinear downlink inter-cell interference management techniques for multi-user multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The proposed linear algorithm can effectively effectively eliminate the inter-cell interference and achieves bit-error-rate (BER) fairness among different users. The simulation results show that the BER performance of the proposed schemes outperforms existing cooperative transmission schemes and approaches an interference free performance under the same configuration.
Location-Constrained Particle Filter human positioning and tracking system

This paper proposes a Location-Constrained Particle Filter (LC-PF) for Radio Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) based indoor localization system. Based on proposed LC-PF, the RSSI fluctuation problem can be restrained. The proposed methods include location-constrained importance weight updating (LC-WU) and location-constrained propagation model (LC-model). LC-WU eliminates particles in prohibited regions based on the geolocation of the map. The LC-model propagates particles based on different turning probabilities in different regions. These two methods can be applied separately or jointly. The proposed LC-PF has 2.48 m average accuracy improvement over basic PF with 68% error reduction, and results in 2.07 m accuracy with 90% confidence.
Prediction of survival by applying current prognostic models in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP followed by autologous transplantation

Background Among the currently available prognostic models for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), we investigated to determine which is most adoptable for DLBCL patients treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) followed by upfront autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT). Methods We retrospectively evaluated survival differences among risk groups based on the International Prognostic Index (IPI), the age-adjusted IPI (aaIPI), the revised IPI (R-IPI), and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network IPI (NCCN-IPI) at diagnosis in 63 CD20-positive DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP followed by upfront auto-SCT. Results At the time of auto-SCT, 74.6% and 25.4% of patients had achieved complete remission and partial remission after R-CHOP, respectively. As a whole, the 5-year overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 78.8% and 74.2%, respectively. The 5-year OS and PFS rates according to the IPI, aaIPI, R-IPI, and NCCN-IPI did not significantly differ among the risk groups for each prognostic model (P-values for OS: 0.255, 0.337, 0.881, and 0.803, respectively; P-values for PFS: 0.177, 0.904, 0.295, and 0.609, respectively). Conclusion There was no ideal prognostic model among those currently available for CD20-positive DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP followed by upfront auto-SCT.