Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF LIQUID FOOD ON FECUNDITY AND LONGEVITY OF MICROCTONUS HYPERODAE LOAN

Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an introduced parasitoid of the pasture pest Argentine stem weevil, Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). This paper describes the effect of providing honey solution to caged M. hyperodae females derived from three South American geographic populations (ecotypes) on their fecundity and longevity. Both the longevity and fecundity of parasitoids from all three ecotypes was increased when they had access to honey. There was no significant difference between ecotypes in either overall fecundity or longevity. There was evidence of an interaction between the honey and ecotype treatments in the fecundity data. The fecundity of females from the Concepcion ecotype (Chile) tended to be lower than that of the Mendoza (Argentina) and Colonia ecotypes when honey was not available, while all ecotypes had similar fecundities when they had access to honey.
Sports-Related Dental Injury from the Perspective of Malaysian Athletes

This study aimed was to evaluate the prevalence of sports-related dental injury among athletes as well as assessing athletes’ knowledge and the utilization of mouthguards as a preventive measure. In this cross-sectional study, Malaysian athletes from various sports were recruited in a survey by convenient random sampling. Information on the subject’s demography, self-reported dental injury, knowledge and awareness of mouthguards as well as the availability of a dental team were elicited in the questionnaire. A total of 254 athletes (61% male, 39% female) participated in the survey where 83.9% (n=213) from contact sports. The prevalence of self-reported dental injury was 51.18% (n=130). The most common form of injury reported was bruised face (11.4%) followed by lacerated lip (10.6%) and crown tooth fracture (10.6%). Significantly higher incidence dental injury was reported by male athletes (p=0.013) and significantly associated with contact sports (p<0.001). Half of the athletes were in a moderate knowledge level and were statistically significant in contact sports (p=0.015). Although most athletes (n=201, 79.1%) were acknowledged the importance of mouthguards during sports participation, only 47.63% (n=121) utilized it. The prevalence of self-reported dental trauma among Malaysian athletes is high. The most common reported injuries were soft tissue trauma and crown tooth fracture. There is a need for education among Malaysian athletes in dental injury prevention where utilization of mouthguards should be intensified in practice. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2020; 13(2): 674-681)
From Scratch to Notch

Although there is considerable anecdotal evidence that the scale of private tutoring is substantial in the Philippines, attempts to document its existence is limited. Using phenomenological inquiry, this study aimed to provide a more eidetic portrait of private tutoring transformation in the Philippines from the perspectives and collective experiences of 11 cram school and formal school administrators from 3 key urban cities in the country. Using a dendrogram, semistructured interviews surfaced three distinct syndromes describing the dynamics of private tutoring phenomenon, namely, the lean on, pass on, and ride on syndromes of private tutoring. Through the years, private tutoring was able to secure its own market niche at the fringes of the mainstream education system and has become more entrenched in Philippine society.
The Left-Digit Bias: When and Why Are Consumers Penny Wise and Pound Foolish?

Consumers’ price evaluations are influenced by the left-digit bias, wherein consumers judge the difference between $4.00 and $2.99 to be larger than that between $4.01 and $3.00, even though the numeric differences are identical. This research examines when and why consumers are more likely to fall prey to the left-digit bias. The authors propose that the left-digit bias is stronger in stimulus-based price evaluations, wherein people see the focal price and the reference price side by side, and weaker in memory-based price evaluations, wherein people have to retrieve at least one price from memory. This is because in stimulus-based price evaluations, people tend to rely on perceptual representations of prices without rounding them. In memory-based price evaluations, they rely more on conceptual representations, which makes them more likely to round the prices. Results from six studies—five experiments and a scanner panel study—support the hypothesis that the left-digit bias is stronger in stimulus-based evaluations. These results inform managers about when to use left-digit pricing and characterize fundamental differences between stimulus-based and memory-based evaluations.
Ecological Inferences From Morphological Data

To some extent ecologists have differentiated into two groups: one whose primary concern is theory, another whose primary concern is collection of data. Fretwell's engaging analysis of research strategies in ecology (19:x-xix) suggests that special­ ization as theorist or data collector increases prestige, which is almost certainly favored by selective biology faculties in the current era of restricted budgets and PhD oversupply. One corollary of such specialization has been the tendency of theoreticians to test models, not by direct field observation of ecological systems, but by measurement of museum specimens for a morphological characteristic indicating the organism's ecology. Certain types of ecologic analysis over large biogeographic areas can probably be done in no other way short of several man-lifetimes of study (46, 57, 74). How valid is this methodology? The purpose of this review is to scrutinize critically some of the studies in which ecological generalizations have been made or tested on the basis of morphological measurements and to examine the validity of the relationship assumed between morphology and ecology. As is demonstrated in the next section, this area of concern involves a wide range of phenomena, some recently and well reviewed elsewhere. I therefore concentrate attention on two related aspects of this topic: the relationship of prey size to predator size and the phenomenon of character displace­ ment understood in terms of niche width, separation, and overlap.
Family-Forming Migration from Turkey and Morocco to Belgium: The Demand for Marriage Partners from the Countries of Origin 1

This article examines the intensity and trends of marriages of Turks and Moroccans living in Belgium to partners from their countries of origin (‘imported partners’) and the motives for marrying such partners. Using data from the 1991 Belgian census, we show that large proportions of the migrant groups choose a partner from the country of origin and that marrying such a partner is certainly not dying out. Furthermore, the results of logit analyses reveal that marrying an imported partner is more than merely an act of traditional behavior: women may marry an imported partner in order to satisfy ‘modern’ goals.
Production of calcium gluconate from cassava by Penicillium citrinum SCG-112

The feasibility of using cassava powder as the main material for production of calcium gluconate by Penicillium citrinum SCG-112 was evaluated in this study. The effect of incubati on temperature, initial pH of the medium and inoculum size on production of calcium gluconate was investigated. The maximum yield of calcium gluconate (155 g/L) was ob tained after 36 h incubation. The result was both technically competitive and economically attractive .
Seasonal Variation of the Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profiles and Mineral Elements of Diplodus Annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) Caught in the Tunisian Coastal Water

The present study investigated the seasonal variation of the chemical composition and fatty acid profiles of Annular sea bream Diplodus annularis from the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia). Moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of the fish muscle were examined as a function of season and sex. Protein, fat and ash average contents were 18.65, 6.47 and 2.20 g/100 g, respectively. The major fatty acids in D. annularis lipids were palmitic acid, oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and myristic acid. Palmitic acid was the most abundant saturated fatty acid ranging from 26.38 to 32.79 % of the total fatty acids. Oleic acid was the main monounsaturated fatty acid ranging from 26.28 to 35.76 %. The high amounts of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the investigated species are almost in agreement with other studies. Interestingly, omega-3 fatty acids were present at high level in spring (18.04 %). Moreover, the fish muscle contained appreciable concentrations of essential elements (Ca, K, Na and Mg). The present work suggests that this fish could be used as a source of healthy diet for humans.
Estimation of yield loss in sunflower due to new sunflower leaf curl virus disease at different stages of crop growth.

An experiment was carried out to assess the crop loss due to sunflower leaf curl virus (SuLCV) disease. The crop loss assessment in terms of growth and yield components was recorded at first appearance of symptoms of SuLCV at 30 days to 90 days during the crop growth. The SuLCV disease infection in sunflower significantly affected the plant height (72.60 to 157cm), size of the head (8.60 to 18.78cm), 100 seed weight (2.20 to 6.32g), oil content (31.24% to 38.26%), and weight of seeds/10 heads (77.20 to 372.2g) as compared to the healthy control plants. In the plants, first appearance of symptoms at 30 DAS was recorded the seed yield loss of 79.25 per cent.
Natural parasitism of Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) at Cuitlahuac, Veracruz, Mexico

The Citrus Leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (CLM) was reported from Mexico for first time in September 1994. This insect spread rapidly over the main citrus-growing areas and it became a serious threat to the citrus industry in Mexico. The options for controlling this pest include chemical control and natural biological control. The objective of this investigation is to identify the parasitoids associated with the CLM and the variation in their populations in Persian lime, Citrus aurantifolia cv. ‘Tahiti’, at Cuitlahuac, Veracruz, Mexico. The species found are: Cirrospilus sp. n.1, Cirruspilus sp. n.2, Horismenus sp. , Galeopsomyia sp. and Elasmus tischeriae. From November to March of 1995-96, parasitism of the CLM was more than 70% and the most abundant parasitic species were Galeopsomyia sp. and Cirrospilus sp. n.1 and sp. n. 2.
Clientelism

The two valuable collective volumes’ under review have much in common. They assemble previously unpublished studies; most of these are short monographs, based on extensive research projects, and constituting sophisticated contributions to specialist debate; and they range over an impressive variety of locales. Political Clientelism, Patronage and Development opens with the theoretical reflections of one editor (Lemarchand) and terminates with those of the other (Eisenstadt, writing together with Luis Roniger, who also provides a most useful bibliography of over 500 entries). In between, it contains essays exploring clientelistic politics in Italy (by Mario Caciagli and Frank Belloni, and by Judith Chubb); France (Jean-FranCois Medard); Poland (Jacek Tarkowsky); Mexico (Susan Kaufman Purcell); Peru (Laura Guasti); and Turkey (Ergun Ozbudun). The volume edited by Clapham also opens with the editor’s own ‘theoretical’ reflections (I use quotation marks because according to Clapham himself the phenomenon of clientelism does not properly warrant a theory of its own-as if theories necessarily had to deal dei massimisistemi). The essays that follow consider the USSR (R. H. Baker); Brazil (Paul Commack); Liberia and Sierra Leone (Clapham himself); South Vietnam under Diem (Dennis Duncanson); Thailand (Jeremy Kemp); Ireland (Michael Higgins); Tropical Africa (Jean-Franqois Medard-the only author to appear in both collections); and the US (Marie-France Toinet and Ian Glenn). I do not intend to write a critical assessment of these collections, but rather to sketch a line of thinking stimulated by my reading of them and then suggest the impact upon that thinking of an excellent book by Judith Chubb.2 Reading the Eisenstadt--Lemarchand and the Clapham volumes, compelled me to reappraise a judgement advanced by several observers and critics of contemporary Western politics (for instance, Jiirgen Habermas and Alan Wolfe). On the one hand, it is argued the state intervenes more and more extensively and penetratingly in societal management; on the other, the Western citizenry is more and more depoliticized, deprived of occasions of, opportunities for, effective participation in the political process. Phrased otherwise-policies matter more and more; politics accounts for less and less. A demobilized citizenry operates almost exclusively as the recipient of political activity (beneficial or not) rather than as its initiator.
EVOLUTION OF SINGLE AMINO ACID REPEATS IN EUKARYOTIC SPECIES

A common feature of eukaryotic genomes is the abundance of simple sequences. Single amino acid repeats, which is one kind of simple sequences, are characterized by tandem recurrence of only one amino acid within the proteins and are broadly found among almost all genomes of eukaryotic species. Combined with its abundance, the lack of deterministic function of SAAR makes it intriguing to study on its evolution. In this study, 34 eukaryotic genomes are used and an abundance of SAARs on X/Z chromosomes is observed. Also, amino acid composition and codon usage bias is different between SAARs and non-repetitive regions. We also observe that the conserved number of SAARs is linearly correlated with logarithm of divergence time.
Sources and Frequency of Somaclonal Variation

Plant tissue culture was introduced to the public as an asexual method to propagate plants rapidly and reliably. Many ornamental, fruit, and vegetable crops are now routinely propagated commercially in vitro. The ease of tissue culture propagation has revitalized certain ornamental industries and facilitated the rapid introduction of new cultivars. In spite of new cultivars and in spite of these successes, some commercial propagators are now advertising that their plants are “not from tissue culture,” while others continue to advertise that their plants are tissue culture-derived (e.g., American Nurseryman, Apr. 1990, Classified Section, “Daylilies”). What is going on? Commercial nurseries are now encountering the ubiquitous phenomenon of somaclonal (tissue culture-derived) variation (Anonymous, 1989; Knuttel, 1989). Since all cells of an organism are derived from a single cell, researchers assumed that plants derived from cells of a mother plant would yield plants identical to the mother plant. However, according to Scowcroft (1985), who has researched somaclonal variation since it was formally acknowledged, “clonal uniformity is now recognized as the exception rather than the rule. ”
Use of Size–Frequency Data to Estimate the Age Composition of Crayfish Populations

Age-classes in crayfish populations can be determined from size–frequency data provided four tenets are adhered to: (1) only crayfish collected from areas of rock substrate are used; (2) trapping data are excluded; (3) species do not have longevities exceeding about 4 yr; and most importantly, (4) sample sizes are greater than about 200. Studies that have failed to follow these guidelines have met with limited success in dissecting mixed frequency distributions. Further, three validation procedures must be undertaken: (1) temporal replication within molting events to measure the precision of both data collection and size–frequency analysis; (2) corroboration with known-age crayfish from either field recaptures or laboratory molt increments; and (3) concordance with independent analysis of the mean size at onset of sexual maturity. When these checks support the size–frequency results, population age composition and analyses of rates of growth or mortality can be considered reliable.
Antilymphoma Activity of Human γδ T-Cells in Mice with Severe Combined Immune Deficiency

Abstract Human Burkitt lymphoma (Daudi) cells grow as disseminated tumors in mice with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) after either i.v. or i.p. injection. These cells are lysed in vitro by human Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cells that recognize the groEL homologue on the Daudi cell surface. We report that both Daudi cell-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Daudi-PBMC) containing 41-95% of Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cells and Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cell clones prolong the survival of SCID mice given inoculations of a lethal dose of Daudi cells. Groups of 6–8-week-old SCID mice were given inoculations i.v. or i.p. of 10 5 Daudi cells followed (through different injection sites) by: ( a ) 10 7 Daudi-PBMC; or ( b ) 10 7 unstimulated PBMC; or ( c ) 0.9% saline solution. All animals in groups ( b ) and ( c ) died of disseminated lymphoma, and their survival was significantly shorter than that of mice in group ( a ) ( P P In vivo depletion of murine natural killer cells by anti-asialo GM-1 rabbit antiserum did not affect survival, suggesting that these cells did not contribute to lymphoma killing. Daudi-PBMC did not exert in vivo antitumor activity against the control Raji lymphoma. Mice receiving i.p. injections of Daudi cells followed by cytotoxic Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cell clones also survived significantly longer ( P in vivo .
Intraspecific Variation of Three Phenotypic Morphs of Daphnia pulicaria in the presence of a Strong Environmental Gradient

ii Acknowledgements . iv Statement of Originality . v List of Figures . viii List of Tables . x List of Abbreviations . xi Chapter 1 General Introduction . 1 1.1 Spatial and Temporal Environmental Heterogeneity . 2 1.2 Diel Migration in Zooplankton . 4 1.3 Daphnia . 7 1.4 Hemoglobin in Daphnia . 9 1.5 Study Site . 10 1.6 Thesis Objectives . 10 Chapter 2 To migrate, or not to migrate: two co-existing strategies for how Daphnia use environmental gradients . 13 2.
Effects of Nest Depth, Shading, and Metabolic Heating on Nest Temperatures in Sea Turtle Hatcheries

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of hatchery shading, nest depth, and metabolic heating on the temperature of Chelonia mydas clutches incubated in hatcheries at Ma'Daerah, Terengganu, Malaysia. Metabolic heating was found to be the most influential factor on nest temperature; the number of completely developed eggs explained nearly half of the variation in mean nest temperature. The degree of hatchery shading (70% vs. 100%) and nest depth (50 vs. 75 cm) had little influence on nest temperatures, with mean nest temperatures between 28° and 28.6°C in the first third of incubation (before metabolic heating of the clutch began to have an effect). Nests at a depth of 75 cm had significantly lower daily temperature ranges than nests at a depth of 50 cm, but a maximum mean daily range of 0.5°C (50 cm depth in 70% shade hatchery) resulted in calculated constant temperature equivalents (CTE) being identical to observed mean nest temperatures. The results of this study indicate that, under current climatic conditions in this area, shading between 70% and 100% and nest depths between 50 and 75 cm will incubate green turtle clutches within the optimal temperature range for development. However, this information is site-specific and could vary significantly between locations due to the complex interaction of biological, chemical, and physical factors that influence sea turtle nest temperature.
Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activity of selected indigenous medicinal plants against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston.), dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and Japanese encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorynchus (Giles.) (Diptera: Culicidae).

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent potential of the ethanolic crude extracts from the medicinal plants Celosia argentea, Anthocephalus cadamba, Gnetum ula, Solena amplexicaulis and Spermacoce hispida against the medically important mosquito vectors, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Among the plant extract tested against An. stephensi, Ae.aegypti and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus the pronounced lethal activity was recorded against G. ula extract in the experimental larvae of An. stephensi (LC50=82.86ppm), followed by S. hispida (LC50=89.45ppm). Similarly, S. amplexicaulis showed the LC50 value of 109.37ppm against the larvae of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus followed by A. cadamba with An. stephensi larvae (LC50=109.87ppm). C. argentea showed more toxicity to the larvae of Ae. aegypti. Ovicidal activity revealed that, S. hispida showed more than 50% activity against the eggs of selected mosquitoes at 100 ppm concentration itself. Whereas, 150 ppm concentration of all the plants extracts repeats the trend of same. Notably, at 200ppm concentration of all the plants showed 100% ovicidal activity against An. stephensi, Ae.aegypti and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (i.e., no hatchablity was recorded). The selected five plant extract offers 100% protection against An. stephensi, Ae.aegypti and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus adult female mosquitoes in terms of repellency up to 120 minutes of exposure periods. From these results, it was concluded that among the five plant extract, G. ula and S. hispida have significantly higher larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activity against selected human vector mosquitoes An. stephensi, Ae. aegypti and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus.