Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preservice teachers' objectives and their experience of practical work

Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland(Received 3 April 2011; revised manuscript received 3 December 2012; published 7 January 2013)This study explores third-year preservice physics teachers’ (n ¼ 32)views concerning the objectives ofpractical work at school and university. Content analysis of their essays about practical work revealed notonly the objectives of the practical work undertaken but also how they had experienced teaching as schooland university students. The objectives most commonly referred to were related to the connectionsbetween theory and practice, motivation, understanding phenomena, learning how to observe, andlearning how to report. In contrast, some objectives were recognized only rarely, which is an importantissue for discussion as a future challenge. Preservice teachers’ positive experiences of practical workresulted from the successful implementation of practical work. According to our ﬁndings, practical workcan in many cases be regarded as successful, especially when the participants understand the objectives ofthe teaching. In contrast, negative experiences reﬂected failures or difﬁculties in implementation. Weconclude bysuggesting that preservice teachers should beoffered opportunitiesto reﬂect on theirpreviousexperiences and to see and experience in practice the advantages of practical work.
Inclined plane rheometry of a dense granular suspension

We present a new method to measure the viscosity of a dense model suspension using an inclined plane rheometer. The suspension is made of mono-disperse, spherical, non-Brownian polystyrene beads immersed in a density matched silicon oil. We show that with this simple set-up, the viscosity can be directly measured up to volume fractions of ϕ=61% and that particle migration can be neglected. The results are in excellent agreement with local viscosity measurements obtained by magnetic resonance imaging techniques by Ovarlez et al. [J. Rheol. 50(3), 259–292 (2006)]. In the high density regime, we show that the viscosity is within the tested range of parameters, independent of the shear rate and the confinement pressure. Finally, we discuss deviations from the viscous behavior of the suspensions.
Pseudo-symmetric functional decision diagrams

A new algorithm for generating a regular logic structure, pseudo-symmetric functional decision diagrams (PSFDDs), for completely specified Boolean functions is presented. The diagrams are based on functional decision diagrams (FDDs) and pseudo-symmetric binary decision diagrams (PSBDDs). A Davio expansion is used to generate the initial vertex subfunctions which are then modified by a new join-XOR operation. The operation allows one to combine adjacent vertices such that the function is represented as a regular pseudo-symmetric network which can be easily implemented with an array of AND/XOR gates. Due to the regular structure the interconnection length is known from representation so the post-layout delays can be accurately predicted before the layout is completed.
Characterization of Cow, Goat, and Water Buffalo Milk Fat Globule Lipids by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

Ruminant milk is an essential part of the human diet and is widely accepted as a major nutrient source in developing countries. However, the polar and neutral lipid content variation in milk fat globules (MFG)among cow, goat, and water buffalo is poorly understood. This study used high-performance thin layer chromatography to identify and quantify five major polar (PL) and three neutral lipids (NL) from the MFG of cow, goat, and water buffalo. Optimal separation was achieved for PLs using chloroform: methanol: water (65:25:4), and hexane: diethyl ether: acetic acid (70:30:1) for NLs. The lower detectable (0.12 to 1.53 μg/mL) and quantification (0.12 to 1.53 μg/mL) limits indicated the high sensitivity of the method. Quantification at 540 nm showed the highest abundance of phosphatidylethanolamine and triglycerides. Fat globules were further characterized for size and microstructural properties, which revealed smaller globules in goats (0.99 ± 0.04 μm) than cows (1.85 ± 0.03 μm) and water buffaloes (2.91 ± 0.08 μm), indicating a negative correlation with PL but a positive correlation with NL. The variation in lipid quantity among different animal species suggests more research to support their selection as a suitable source for developing functional food to impact human health positively.
A Geometrical Framework for Covariance Matrices of Continuous and Categorical Variables

It is well known that a categorical random variable can be represented geometrically by a simplex. Accordingly, several measures of association between categorical variables have been proposed and discussed in the literature. Moreover, the standard definitions of covariance and correlation coefficient for continuous random variables have been extended to categorical variables. In this article, we present a geometrical framework where both continuous and categorical data are represented by simplices and lines in a high-dimensional space, respectively. We introduce a function whose direct minimization leads to a single definition of covariance between categorical–categorical, categorical–continuous, and continuous–continuous data. The novelty of this general approach is that a single space and a single distance function can be used for describing both continuous and categorical data. It thus provides a unified geometrical description of the measure of association, in particular between categorical and continuous data. We discuss virtues and limitations of such a geometrical framework and provide examples with possible applications to sociological surveys.
Para‐Bose and para‐Fermi operators as generators of orthosymplectic Lie superalgebras

It is shown that the relative commutation relations between n pairs of para‐Fermi operators and m pairs of para‐Bose operators can be defined in such a way that they generate the simple orthosymplectic Lie superalgebra B(n,m). In a case of ordinary statistics this leads to mutually anticommuting Bose and Fermi fields.
Machine learning-based prediction of clinical outcomes after first-ever ischemic stroke

Background Accurate prediction of clinical outcomes in individual patients following acute stroke is vital for healthcare providers to optimize treatment strategies and plan further patient care. Here, we use advanced machine learning (ML) techniques to systematically compare the prediction of functional recovery, cognitive function, depression, and mortality of first-ever ischemic stroke patients and to identify the leading prognostic factors. Methods We predicted clinical outcomes for 307 patients (151 females, 156 males; 68 ± 14 years) from the PROSpective Cohort with Incident Stroke Berlin study using 43 baseline features. Outcomes included modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index (BI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-M), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and survival. The ML models included a Support Vector Machine with a linear kernel and a radial basis function kernel as well as a Gradient Boosting Classifier based on repeated 5-fold nested cross-validation. The leading prognostic features were identified using Shapley additive explanations. Results The ML models achieved significant prediction performance for mRS at patient discharge and after 1 year, BI and MMSE at patient discharge, TICS-M after 1 and 3 years and CES-D after 1 year. Additionally, we showed that National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was the top predictor for most functional recovery outcomes as well as education for cognitive function and depression. Conclusion Our machine learning analysis successfully demonstrated the ability to predict clinical outcomes after first-ever ischemic stroke and identified the leading prognostic factors that contribute to this prediction.
Finite-difference Approximation of Mathematical Physics Problems on Irregular Grids

Abstract Mathematical physics problems are often formulated by means of the vector analysis differential operators: divergence, gradient and rotor. For approximate solutions of such problems it is natural to use the corresponding operator statements for the grid problems, i.e., to use the so-called VAGO (Vector Analys Grid Operators) method. In this paper, we discuss the possibilities of such an approach in using gen- eral irregular grids. The vector analysis di®erence operators are constructed using the Delaunay triangulation and the Voronoi diagrams. The truncation error and the consistency property of the di®erence operators constructed on two types of grids are investigated. Construction and analysis of the di®erence schemes of the VAGO method for applied problems are illustrated by the examples of stationary and non-stationary convection-diffusion problems. The other examples concerned the solution of the non- stationary vector problems described by the second-order equations or the systems of first-order equations.
Electrospun PLA-Based Biomaterials Loaded with Melissa officinalis Extract with Strong Antioxidant Activity

In the present study, the plant extract Melissa officinalis (M. officinalis) was successfully loaded in polymer fibrous materials on the basis of a biodegradable polyester–poly(L-lactide) (PLA) and biocompatible polyether–polyethylene glycol (PEG) by applying the electrospinning method. The optimal process conditions for the preparation of hybrid fibrous materials were found. The extract concentration was varied—0, 5 or 10 wt% in respect of the polymer weight, in order to study its influence on the morphology and the physico-chemical properties of the obtained electrospun materials. All the prepared fibrous mats were composed of defect-free fibers. The mean fiber diameters of the PLA, PLA/M. officinalis (5 wt%) and PLA/M. officinalis (10 wt%) were 1370 ± 220 nm, 1398 ± 233 nm and 1506 ± 242 nm, respectively. The incorporation of the M. officinalis into the fibers resulted in slight increase of the fiber diameters and in increase of the water contact angle values to 133°. The presence of the polyether in the fabricated fibrous material assisted the wetting of the materials imparting them with hydrophilicity (the value of the water contact angle become 0°). Extract-containing fibrous materials displayed strong antioxidant activity as determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate free radical method. The DPPH solution color changed to yellow and the absorbance of the DPPH radical dropped by 88.7% and 91% after being in contact with PLA/M. officinalis and PLA/PEG/M. officinalis mats, respectively. These features revealed the M. officinalis—containing fibrous biomaterials promising candidates for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and biomedical use.
Decadal variability of the observed daily temperature in Saudi Arabia during 1979–2008

Variability in the observed daily temperature for the 30‐year period (1979–2008) is studied from a total of 19 stations in Saudi Arabia (SA) by calculating the empirical anomaly probability distribution functions (PDFs) on annual basis. The 30‐year period is divided into three decades. As compared with the first decade, the PDFs for the remaining decades display a relative frequency rise in warmer temperatures. The mean values of the PDFs depict an average decadal positive shift of 0.83, 0.66, and 0.49 °C, for the maximum, the mean, and the minimum temperature, respectively, relative to the 30‐year base value. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Point-of-Care Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assays in Cardiac Surgery Patients: Comparison of Thromboelastography 6S, Thromboelastometry Sigma, and Quantra.

OBJECTIVES Viscoelastic tests allow a reduction in blood product transfusion. Three modern devices are currently available (rotational thromboelastometry [ROTEM] sigma, thromboelastography [TEG] 6S, and Quantra). No study has compared the performances of these 3 devices simultaneously. DESIGN An observational, nonrandomized cohort study. SETTING A single-center of cardiac surgery in a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 30 consecutive measurements from at least 10 adult patients presenting significant bleeding in the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery INTERVENTION: Viscoelastic tests using ROTEM sigma, TEG 6S, and Quantra were performed concomitantly with conventional coagulation measurements MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The authors included 16 patients with 31 blood samples. After the exclusion of missing values, 27 samples were analyzed. Correlation with platelet count was as follows: ROTEM, r = 0.84 [0.66-0.93], p < 0.0001; Quantra, r = 0.83 [0.64-0.92], p < 0.0001; TEG 6S, r = 0.64 [0.29-0.83], p = 0.001. Correlation with fibrinogen (Clauss assay) was as follows: ROTEM, r = 0.85 [0.68-0.93], p < 0.0001; Quantra, r = 0.88 [0.74-0.95], p < 0.0001; TEG 6S, r = 0.79 [0.55-0.91], p < 0.0001. No difference was observed for the detection of residual circulating heparin (anti-Xa activity >0.1), with 87% of correct identification for Quantra and 80% for both ROTEM and TEG 6S (p = 0.3). Time to first results after the beginning of the test was shorter for Quantra than ROTEM and TEG 6S (136 [126-152] seconds v 205 [176-221] seconds, p = 0.003 and v 450 [372-516] seconds, p < 0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSION ROTEM sigma, TEG 6S, and Quantra performed similarly for exploring platelet count or residual circulating heparin. Thromboelastography 6S presented a weaker correlation with fibrinogen Clauss.
Benchmarking of Three Different CFD Codes in Simulating Natural, Forced, and Mixed Convection Flows

In this study, three different CFD codes are assessed in simulating two distinct flow problems with heat transfer. The first case consists of an ascending forced and mixed convection flow, a representative flow in the core of gas-cooled nuclear reactors under “post-trip” conditions, and the second case involves natural convection in an enclosed tall cavity that represents the gas-filled cavities around the nuclear reactor cores. Computations are conducted using the standard k-ω-SST model and the nonlinear k–ε model of Suga. Overall, the results were in satisfactory agreement, and, therefore, the present study represents a successful benchmarking exercise for the nuclear community.
Global attractivity of the periodic Kolmogorov system

Abstract We study a periodic Kolmogorov model with m predators and n prey. By means of the comparison theorem and a Liapunov function, a set of easily verifiable sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence, uniqueness and global attractivity of the positive periodic solution is obtained. Finally, some suitable applications are given to illustrate that the conditions of the main theorem are feasible.
Barotropic instability in frontolytic strain

Recent observational studies have indicated that a front which is undergoing frontolytic strain may be conducive to rapid growth of waves or secondary cyclones. Previous work has shown that a frontogenetic strain flow will tend to suppress the growth of waves on a two‐dimensional vortex strip: here, the opposite case of negative strain is studied. Justification for considering a basic state which is frontolytic is presented, given the natural transience of this state. The results show that the growth is sufficiently rapid for instability to be relevant on the time‐scale of evolution of the parent front. Waves grow kinematically with the front itself, at an exponential rate. More rapid growth is possible for transient barotropically unstable modes but only for limited time. These results are discussed with a view to their impact on the understanding of atmospheric flows.
The drag on a sphere moving axially in a long rotating container

A container of viscous incompressible liquid is bounded by rigid parallel planes and rotates steadily about an axis normal to these planes. A rigid sphere moves steadily parallel to the rotation axis and the Rossby and Ekman numbers characterizing the motion are both small. The drag on the sphere is calculated in the case when the length of the Taylor column is comparable to the axial dimension of the container. Viscous effects are allowed for in the boundary of the Taylor column, but the Ekman layers on the sphere and on the bounding planes are shown not to affect the drag to leading order. The determination of the drag involves solving dual integral equations. This is done numerically and, for the limiting cases of long and short containers, analytically. The interaction of the Taylor column and the ends of the container leads to an increase in the drag over its value in an unbounded fluid, but the increase is smaller than that measured by Maxworthy (1970).
The model of threat-infused intergroup feedback: Why, when, and how feedback to ethnic minority learners is positively biased

Abstract This article concerns the positive feedback bias, which occurs when White instructors supply selectively more praise and less criticism to ethnic minority learners relative to White learners. The positive bias is reliable and enduring and affects feedback to various ethnic groups in North America and in Europe. The model of threat-infused intergroup feedback (MOTIIF) is introduced to explain the positive bias. MOTIIF integrates research on feedback practices, interracial dynamics, self-image maintenance, and psychosocial resources to explain why and when the bias is expressed. According to MOTIIF the positive bias is driven mainly by racial anxiety, the concern of many White people that they will reveal self-compromising prejudices, to others or to themselves, when engaging with ethnic minority persons. Inflated praise and muted criticism to ethnic minority learners serve, per MOTIIF, to quell racial anxiety. The article reviews evidence of the positive bias and relates it to the MOTIIF framework. It also discusses how the positive bias can affect ethnic minority learners; how it diminishes their trust in feedback, erodes their self-esteem, increases their stress, and potentially, undermines their learning. The article draws on MOTIIF to consider potential solutions to the positive bias and to recommend future research.
The Concept of Logical Consequence

Introduction 1. Representational semantics 2. Tarski on logical truth 3. Interpretational semantics 4. Interpreting quantifiers 5. Modality and consequence 6. The reduction principle 7. Substantive generalizations 8. The myth of the logical constant 9. Logic from the metatheory 10. Completeness and soundness Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index.
Density functional study of the group II phosphide semiconductor compounds under hydrostatic pressure

The full-potential all-electron linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital (FP-LAPW+lo) method, as implemented in the suite of software WIEN2k, has been used to systematically investigate the structural and electronic properties of the group II phosphide semiconductor compounds M3P2 (M = Be, Mg and Ca). The exchange–correlation functional was approximated as a generalized gradient functional introduced by Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (GGA96) and Engel–Vosko (EV-GGA). Internal parameters were optimized by relaxing the atomic positions in the force directions using the Hellman–Feynman approach. The structural parameters, bulk modules, cohesive energy, band structures and density of states have been calculated and compared to the available experimental and theoretical results. These compounds are predicted to be semiconductors with the direct band gap of about 1.60, 2.55 and 2.62 eV for Be3P2, Mg3P2 and Ca3P2, respectively. The effects of hydrostatic pressure on the behavior of band parameters such as band gap, valence bandwidths and anti-symmetric gap (the energy gap between two parts of the valence bands) are investigated using both GGA96 and EV-GGA. The contribution of s, p and d orbitals of different atoms to the density of states is discussed in detail.
Norm-critique as revitalizer of gender equality? Local policy actors’ norm-critical understandings of Swedish preschool’s gender-equality mission

ABSTRACT During the last decade, the notion of norm-critique has had an impact on Swedish educational policymaking, including the gender-equality mission of the Swedish preschool. The aim is to better understand and problematize the relationship between gender equality, as formal curricular content, and norm-critique, as informal curricular content, in educational policymaking in the field of Swedish preschool. The paper asks: What understandings are ascribed to the notion of norm-critique in relation to Swedish preschool’s gender-equality mission? Theoretically, the paper draws on the concept of epistemological understandings and the dynamic between epistemologies of gender equality and norm-critique. In terms of materials and methods, three focus group discussions with 13 preschool managers, here conceptualized as local policy actors, were analysed. The main finding is that these local policy actors view the notion of norm-critique as a revitalizer of the gender-equality mission of the Swedish preschool. A first conclusion is that the notion of norm-critique enhances the gender-equality mission because it might help local policy actors to view gender equality from a broader perspective and in relation to other, intersecting causes of inequality. A second, and somewhat contradictory, conclusion is that the notion of norm-critique risks undermining the gender-equality mission by replacing it.
Evaluating Independent Proportions for Statistical Difference, Equivalence, Indeterminacy, and Trivial Difference Using Inferential Confidence Intervals

Tryon presented a graphic inferential confidence interval (ICI) approach to analyzing two independent and dependent means for statistical difference, equivalence, replication, indeterminacy, and trivial difference. Tryon and Lewis corrected the reduction factor used to adjust descriptive confidence intervals (DCIs) to create ICIs and introduced trivial statistical difference. They also introduced hybrid confidence intervals containing both ICI and DCI limits as replacements for error bars. This article generalizes the ICI method to include asymmetric as well as symmetric confidence intervals. Application is made to two independent proportions, odds, odds ratios, and log odds.
Completely monotone fading memory relaxation modulii

In linear viscoelasticity, the fundamental model is the Boltzmann caual integral equation which defines how the stress σ(t) at time t depends on the earlier history of the shear rate via the relaxation modulus (kernel) G (t). Physical reality is achieved by requiring that the form of the relaxation modulus G (t) gives the Boltzmann equation fading memory, so that changes in the distant past have less effect now than the same changes in the more recent past. A popular choice, though others have previously been proposed and investigated, is the assumption that G (t) be a completely monotone function. This assumption has much deeper ramifications than have been identified, discussed or exploited in the rheological literature. The purpose of this paper is to review the key mathematical properties of completely monotone functions, and to illustrate how these properties impact on the theory and application of linear viscoelasticity and polymer dynamics. A more general representation of a completely monotone function, known in the mathematical literature, but not the rheological, is formulated and discussed. This representation is used to derive new rheological relationships. In particular, explicit inversion formulas are derived for the relationships that are obtained when the relaxation spectrum model and a mixing rule are linked through a common relaxation modulus.