Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solid Waste Co-Conversion by Hydrothermal Treatment using Natural Zeolite

Hydrothermal treatment is a thermal conversion technology for processing high-moisture-content solid waste to coallike materials. In this research, mixtures of sawdust and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste were treated in a 2000 mL hydrothermal reactor to produce hydrochar and a liquid product. The effects of zeolite addition and temperature variations during the treatment on the product characteristics were investigated. During the treatment, the utilized temperatures were 180, 200, and 220 °C, and the zeolite contents in the mixture were 10 and 20 wt%; the temperature and zeolite content were varied, while the other processing parameters were fixed, i.e., a biomass-to-PET ratio of 1:1, solid mixture-to-water ratio of 1:10, and processing time of 30 minutes at the targeted temperature. The product from each hydrothermal condition was characterized in terms of solid yield; liquid pH; chemical characteristics, determined using proximate analysis; and calorific value. The result shows that the addition of zeolite could increase the solid yield, while a higher treatment temperature led to a higher calorific value of the solid product.
Evaluation and Management of Patients with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder

This paper focuses on a hearing disorder, known as auditory neuropathy, auditory dys-synchrony, and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, that affects neural processing of sound and significantly impacts communication ability. Auditory characteristics of patients with auditory neuropathy are discussed, along with strategies for evaluation, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate management. Patients ranging in age from infants through adults have been identified with a type of hearing disorder named auditory neuropathy (AN; Starr et al., 1996). Unlike typical sensorineural hearing loss, patients with AN have present cochlear (inner ear) responses and absent or highly abnormal neural responses at the level of the auditory nerve and brainstem. Additional terms used to describe this hearing disorder include auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony (AN/AD; Berlin et al., 2001), auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD; Bill Daniels Center for Children’s Hearing, 2008), and auditory synaptopathy (AS; Moser & Starr, 2016). Although these terms have associations with different underlying mechanisms or concepts, at present they often are used interchangeably. In this article, the term AN will be used for convenience; though the interchanged use of the above terms (AN, AS, AN/AD, ANSD) will apply unless specifically noted. More accurate use of these and other descriptors will continue to emerge with advances in understanding of function and underlying processes. OVERVIEW OF CHARACTERISTICS Clinical presentation of patients with AN typically indicates difficulty understanding speech, particularly in noisy situations. While many patients with AN demonstrate little or no ability to understand speech in quiet, some patients demonstrate good word recognition ability but only in quiet. All patients with AN demonstrate difficulty listening in noisy situations with poorer word recognition ability than observed in persons with sensorineural hearing loss (Rance et al., 2007). These factors can have significant impact on a child’s speech and language ability, and delayed speech and language development in infants and children is a common, though not universal, characteristic.
Measurement Technique for Microwave Surface Resistance of Additive Manufactured Metals

Additive manufactured (AM) metals are a subject of much interest for their performance in passive microwave applications. However, limitations could arise due to artifacts, such as surface texture and/or roughness resulting from the manufacturing process. We have, therefore, adopted a parallel plate microwave resonator for the accurate measurement of the surface resistance of flat metal plates, allowing for microwave current flow in two orthogonal directions by simply exciting a different resonant mode (at 5.3 and 6.4 GHz), without the need to remove and refix the sample. The systematic and random errors associated with the measurement of surface resistance are very small, less than 1% and 0.1%, respectively. The technique is demonstrated with measurements on a range of samples of the alloys, AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V, manufactured by laser powder bed fusion, in addition to traditionally machined samples of bulk metal alloys of aluminum and brass. For AM samples of AlSi10Mg, we have studied the effect on the surface resistance of directional roughness features, generated by the laser raster paths, in directions transverse or parallel to microwave current flow. Importantly for passive microwave device applications, we demonstrate that these samples exhibit no systematic anisotropy of surface resistance associated with such surface features.
Cerenkov Radiation from Femtosecond Optical Pulses in Electro-Optic Media

It was recently suggested that under suitable conditions, the propagation of femtosecond optical pulses in electro-optic materials should be accompanied by the radiation of an extremely fast electromagnetic transient1,2. This phenomenon, which arises from the inverse electro-optic effect3, produces a Cerenkov cone of pulsed radiation having a duration of approximately one cycle and a frequency in the THz range. Although closely resembling the classical Cerenkov radiation from relativistic charged particles in dielectric media, the physical basis for this effect has some unique distinguishing features. Most important, it is a nonlinear optical effect, arising from a second order nonlinear polarization, and consequently requires a lack of inversion symmetry in the host material. Also, the charge state of the effective source is neutral, being a dipole moment, rather than a point charge. The velocity of the source, however, does move at a velocity which exceeds the radiation velocity due to the additional contribution to the low frequency dielectric permittivity from the infrared lattice vibrations. This is expected to produce a characteristic cone of radiation in the form of a shock wave. Unlike classical Cerenkov radiation, however, the radiation source is spatially extended, being proportional to the intensity envelope of the optical pulse. Consequently the details of the radiation field are expected to depend sensitively on both the duration and beam waist of the optical pulse. A discussion of these effects, based on an analysis of this phenomenon, is given in references 1 and 2.
On the theory of the Stark shifts of the rotational–vibrational levels of the hydrogen molecule and its isotopes produced by a point charge. II: HD, HT, and DT

In continuation of paper I of this series on the homonuclear molecules H2, D2, and T2, the Hamiltonian describing the rotation and vibration of a heteronuclear molecule in the field of a point charge is given. Numercial results for the Stark shift of the molecular levels due to a point charge of either sign are listed for HD, HT, and DT as a function of the separation of this charge from the molecule. An application of the calculations to the charge-induced spectrum of HD is presented.
Effect of rodents on seed dispersal and survival of wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca)

It is well recognized that rodents remove most seeds of forests.But few are known about the seed survival of the removed seeds.In this study,by using a new method of labeling seeds with small pieces of coded tin tags,the seed removal and survival of the wild apricot( Prunus armeniaca ) were studied in a mountainous area (40°00′N,115°30′E) of Beijing,China.A total of 1440 tin tagged seeds were released on June 19～20,July 3,and October 23,1998.Almost all the tin tagged seeds disappeared within 10 days due to the removal by rodents.The seeds released in summer disappeared more quickly than in autumn.In the same season of summer, seeds in large clumps (40 seeds/plot) disappeared more quickly than the seeds released in small clumps (20 seeds/plot). Most of the tagged seeds or their fragments were dispersed less than 20 m from the original releasing plots. Seeds were destroyed rapidly by rodents, but seed survival was obviously improved when seeds became rare. The daily seed survival rate during June to July was lower than that during the other periods of the year.
Seasonal abundance of pod fly, M. Obtusa and seed damage on pigeonpea pea in relation to weather factors and cropping systems

Seasonal abundance of pod fly, M. obtusa on pigeon pea in organic and conventional farming systems revealed that the activity of pod fly commenced from 14 WAS (44th SMW), which continued till 31 was (8th SMW) indicating its peak (36.00 and 30.96 larvae/ 50 pods) at 4th SMW (27 WAS), the population later declined indicating lowest levels (0.94 and 0.70 larvae / 50 pods) at 31 WAS (8th SMW) in both the farming systems. Seed damage caused by pod fly initiated from 15 WAS (44th SMW) and continued till 31 WAS (8th SMW) wherein the highest seed damage (78.50 and 77.18 %) was observed at 31 WAS (8th SMW), while it remained lowest (7.02 and 5.21 %) at 15 WAS (44th SMW). correlation of podfly population and its associated seed damage with weather factors was significant and positive with bright sunshine while, it was significantly negative with the minimum and average temperature, morning, evening and average relative humidity, wind velocity and rainfall in both the farming systems, respectively. Relatively higher pod fly larval population and its associated seed damage were recorded in an organic farming system as compared to conventional farming system which could be due to more emphasis on biological control and other non chemical practices (which are initially slower as compared to chemicals) adopted in an organic farming system over the use of quick knock down chemicals used in conventional farming system.
Effect of tetraniliprole 200 SC on arthropod diversity of tomato ecosystem

Field experiments were conducted to access the arthropod diversity in tomato ecosystem in tetraniliprole 200 SC sprayed and unsprayed filed. Collections were made using four different methods viz., active searching, net sweeping, pitfall trap and rubbish trap. The treated and untreated fields were divided into 100 quadrats (4 m x 4 m) and five such quadrats were chosen each at random and the entire site was covered during the sampling period. Species richness and diversity was studies by various indices. The result showed that totally 2760 individuals were found out of 1717 and 1043 were found in sprayed and unsprayed, respectively. Under Arachnida ten species and nine genera were recorded. Family Lycosidae (49) was dominant followed by Araneidae (43), Tetragnathidae (22), Oxyopidae (19), Salticidae (17) and two unidentified species. Under Insecta, exopterygotes were the largest group represented by seven orders viz., Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Isoptera, Dermaptera and Thysanoptera. While endopterygotes were represented by five orders viz., Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Neuroptera. From the above indices, it is inferred that maximum number of arthropods was recorded in unsprayed tomato fields than the sprayed fields. Maximum diversity of arthropods was observed during the month of November and minimum during the month of December in most of the diversity indices.
DeepSensing: A Novel Mobile Crowdsensing Framework With Double Deep Q-Network and Prioritized Experience Replay

Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) is a new and promising paradigm of data collection due to the growing number of mobile smart devices. It can be utilized in applications of large-scale sensing by employing a group of mobile users with their smart devices. Since a large number of mobile users are recruited, the allocation of sensing tasks to mobile users has a critical influence on the performance of MCS applications. To efficiently assign sensing tasks to mobile users, we propose a novel MCS framework named DeepSensing. This framework consists of six executive phases, i.e., registration of sensing tasks, the announcement of reward rule, collection of users’ information, task allocation, execution of sensing activities, and distribution of data and rewards. Here, the phase of task allocation is a key component, which directly determines the performance of DeepSensing, e.g., the platform’s profit. DeepSensing aims to maximize the platform’s profit by taking into account the various constraints of sensing tasks and mobile users. Therefore, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method to optimally assign sensing tasks to mobile users. Specifically, we employ a double deep $Q$ -network with prioritized experience replay (DDQN-PER) to address the task allocation problem, which is also formulated as a path planning problem with time windows. To evaluate our proposed DDQN-PER solution, three baseline solutions are provided, i.e., the ant colony system (ACS), $\epsilon $ -greedy, and random solutions. Finally, the results of numerical simulations show that our proposed DDQN-PER solution outperforms the baseline solutions in terms of the platform’s profit and it plans better organized traveling paths for mobile users.
Assessing the Genetic Potential of Uncultivated Sulfate Reducing Bacteria

59 Introduction 60 Results 63 Discussion 74 Conclusion 80 Experimental Procedures 81 References 88 Appendix / Supporting Information 93 IV. METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE DOMINATING SULFATEREDUCING BACTERIA IN ANME2-DOMINATED ENRICHMENTS CATALYZING THE ANAEROBIC OXIDATION OF METHANE 103 Abstract 106 Introduction 107 Results and Discussion 109 Conclusion 122 Experimental Procedures 123 References 126 Appendix / Supporting Information 129106 Introduction 107 Results and Discussion 109 Conclusion 122 Experimental Procedures 123 References 126 Appendix / Supporting Information 129 V. GENERAL CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK 134 1. Sulfate-reducing bacteria associated with ANME-2 135 2. Sulfate-reducing bacteria in AOM habitats 139 3. Single-cell techniques 141 4. Outlook 143 5. References 145 VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 148
Development of EST-SSR Markers and Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Five Populations of Grass Carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

A total of 5 556 microsatellite sequences were found from ESTs databases(45 318 unigenes) which were constructed from brain,muscle,and liver tissues of Grass Carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella). According to these microsatellite sequences,118 pairs of primers were designed with Primer Premier 5.0. Nineteen pairs of microsatellite primers could be used to successfully amplify clear and highly polymorphic products by method of PCR.These EST-SSRs primers were employed to detect the genetic diversity of three groups of Grass Carp populations from the Yangtze River System(Shishou,Jianli,Changsha) and two groups from the Pearl River System(Qingyuan,Zhaoqing). A total of 93 polymorphic loci were amplified and 2 to 8 alleles or 4.89 alleles on average were detected by each primer.The average polymorphism information content(PIC) ranged from 0.415 4 to 0.460 4,indicating that Grass Carp population had lower genetic diversity;the average observed heterozygosity(Ho) was from 0.415 8 to 0.501 3 and the average expected heterozygosity(He) was from 0.450 6 to 0.502 8.Changsha group had the highest mean expected heterozygosity(0.502 8),while Jianli group had the lowest mean expected heterozygosity(0.450 6) and mean observed heterozygosity(0.415 8). These observations indicate that Changsha group has the highest genetic diversity,whereas Jianli group has the lowest;Fst value indicates that the populations are lowly differentiated.After applying Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(HWE) test,several loci were found to be significantly deviated from HWE in five populations.The dendrogram based on genetic distance(D) showed two major clusters according to basin distribution of Grass Carp populations: the stocks from Changsha,Shishou and Jianli,which were sampled from the Yangtze River,were in one cluster;while the other cluster consisted of Zhaoqing and Qingyuan populations sampled from the Pearl River.
Loans and growth of small-scale enterprises in Uganda: A case study of Kampala Central business area

The study examines the impact of financial loans on growth of small-scale enterprises (SSEs) in Uganda. The contribution of SSEs in promoting economic growth and development is widely documented. Access to credit finance guarantees financial liquidity and sustainability of SSEs hence enhancing their profitability and growth. A cross-sectional research design was adopted using a quantitative approach, targeting managers of SSEs. Primary data were collected using closed ended questionnaires and analyzed to generate descriptive, correlation and regression statistics. The findings suggest that categories of financial loans, that is; secured loans and working capital loans have a positive and significant effect on growth of SSEs. The effect of group loans is not statistically significant. The implication of the study is that secured loans encourage small-scale enterprise managers to work hard to spur growth and also protect collateral securities from being mortgaged by lenders. Furthermore, working capital loans help SSEs to efficiently manage their day-today operations which ultimately enhance their profitability, survival and growth. Key words: Small-scale enterprises, secured loans, working capital loans, group loans and growth.
Influence of foliar nutrition of ZnSO4 and GA3 on Physiological, biochemical and yield parameters of maize (Zea maize L.)

A field experiment was carried out at Agriculture College Farm, Raichur during kharif 2018. an enttitled Influence of foliar nutrition of ZnSO4 and GA3 on physiological, biochemical and yield parameters of maize (zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in Factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eighteen treatments. The treatments were foliar nutrition of ZnSO4@ 0.25 per cent, ZnSO4 @ 0.5 per cent and ZnSO4 @1.0 per cent and GA3 @ 25 ppm, GA3 @ 50 ppm sprayed at different stages (V5, V6, V5 & V6). Among the different treatments, foliar application of ZnSO4 (1.0%) at V5 stage revealed a significant effect on physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate, normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) and biochemical parameters viz., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll of leaves, ultimately leading to increasing in the yield. Physiological and biochemical parameters except transpiration rate were increased when foliar nutrition was given at early stages (V5 & V6 stage). It was concluded from the results that foliar nutrition during 25 to 30 days after sowing could increase maize productivity significantly by increasing physiological and biochemical activity.
Preschool-Age Children's Performance Expectations for Themselves and Another Child as a Function of the Incentive Value of Success and the Salience of Past Performance.

STIPEK, DEBORAH J.; ROBERTS, THERESA A. ; and SANBORN, MARY E. Preschool-Age Children's Performance Expectations for Themselves and Another Child as a Function of the Incentive Value of Success and the Salience of Past Performance. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1984, 55, 1983-1989. 4-year-old children predicted performance outcomes for themselves after they had experienced a series of failures, or for another child after the other child had been observed experiencing the same series of failures. The incentive value of success was manipulated by offering a reward for perfect success; the salience of past failure outcomes was manipulated by providing tangible representation of past performance. When a reward was not offered and past performance was not made salient, children had significantly higher expectations for their own future performance than for the future performance of another child. A reward made contingent on the other child's success raised expectations for the other child to about the same level as children's expectations for their own unrewarded performance. Making past performance salient had the effect of significantly lowering children's expectations for their own future performance. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that, although young children sometimes fail to differentiate their desires from their expectations, they can make relatively realistic judgments about future performance if their attention is directed to past performance information.
Effects of Pulverized Burnt Clay Waste Fineness on the Compressive Strength and Durability Properties of Concrete

In this study, the fineness of pulverized burnt clay waste (PBCW) was evaluated as a factor that affects the compressive strength, resistance to chloride penetration and acid attack on concrete. PBCW obtained from a source was divided into two different fineness portions using 75 and 150 μm sieves and classified as a fine and coarse portion, respectively. Portland cement was replaced at 0 (control), 10 and 20% by weight with fine and coarse portions separately. Additional mix containing 105% binder content consisting of 5% excess fine and coarse portions were included in the 10 and 20% cement replacement. Chloride penetration was measured using full immersion technique in 3% sodium chloride solution while percentage mass loss and strength deterioration were assessed using a 5% sulphuric acid solution. Incorporating PBCW in concrete increases the demand for superplasticiser at a constant water-cement ratio but more prominent with the fine PBCW. The use of fine PBCW resulted in a significant improvement in compressive strength, chloride ion penetration and strength deterioration of the concrete. The fine PBCW is suggested to be more reactive due to the increased specific surface area resulting from its particles been obtained from a smaller sieve size than the coarse PBCW. Concretes containing PBCW performed better in mass loss reduction than control specimens in the aggressive medium. The PBCW cement concrete properties were further improved with the use of 105% total binder content containing 5% excess pozzolan, especially at 10% cement replacement.
Three new species and two new records for the red sea of invertebrate associated gobies (gobiidae, Pisces)

5 petites especes de gobies ont ete recoltees pour la premiere fois dans le nord de la Mer Rouge. Trois sont des especes nouvelles: Pleurosicya sinaia, P. prognatha et Lobulogobius bentuviai. Deux especes sont nouvelles pour la mer Rouge: Pleurosicya mossambica et Luposicya lupus
Comparison of nutritive compositions in different cultivars of pecans

The research aimed to determine and compare nutritive compositions in different cultivars of pecans by national standard methods,such as crude fat,protein,amino acids,fatty acids and mineral elements. The results showed that C1and C4 had higher oil content rate in five pecan cultivars,which were 710. 21 g / kg and 710. 31 g / kg,linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the highest in C4,accounted for 27. 67% and 1. 32%,respectively. C2 had the highest protein content rate,approached to 126. 14 g / kg,and essential amino acids were up to 40. 97 g / kg. Five pecan cultivars were also abundant in mineral elements without significance,such as Ca,K,Mg and P.