Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Triage for the biosphere : The need and rationale for taxonomic inventories and phylogenetic studies of parasites

A parasitological perspective in biodiversity survey and inventory provides powerful insights into the history, structure, and maintenance of the biosphere. Parasitology contributes a powerful conceptual paradigm or landscape that links ecology, systematics, evolution, biogeography, behavior, and an array of biological phenomena from the molecular to the organismal level across the continuum of microparasites to macroparasites and their vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Effective survey and inventory can be strategically focused or can take a synoptic approach, such as that represented by the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory. We argue that parasitology should be an integral component of any programs for biodiversity assessment on local, regional, or global scales. Taxonomists, who constitute the global taxasphere, hold the key to the development of effective surveys and inventories and eventual linkage to significant environmental and socioeconomic issues. The taxasphere is like a triage team. The battlefield is the biosphere, and the war is human activities that degrade the biosphere. Sadly, at the point in time that we realize we have documented only a tiny portion of the world's diversity, and want to document more, we find that one of the most rare and declining groups of biologists is the taxasphere. This taxonomic impediment, or critical lack of global taxonomic expertise recognized by Systematics Agenda 2000 and DIVERSITAS, prevents initiation and completion of biodiversity research programs at a critical juncture, where substantial components of global diversity are threatened. The Convention for Biological Diversity mandates that we document the biosphere more fully, and as a consequence, it is necessary to revitalize the taxasphere. One foundation for development of taxonomic expertise and knowledge is the Global Taxonomy Initiative and its 3 structural components: (1) systematic inventory, (2) predictive classifications, and (3) systematic knowledge bases. We argue that inclusion of parasites is critical to the success of the Global Taxonomy Initiative. Predictive databases that integrate ecological and phylogenetic knowledge from the study of parasites are synergistic, adding substantially greater ecological, historical, and biogeographic context for the study of the biosphere than that derived from data on free-living organisms alone.
EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SELECT PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BANKS

The paper explores and examines the extent of difference in Job Engagement, Organization Engagement and employee Engagement of employees working in the select public and private banks in India. A total of 178 junior and middle level managers working in one public and one private bank in the Twin cities of Hyderabad participated in the study. A self-report measure of Employee Engagement as developed by Saks, (2006) was used in this study to measure Job Engagement, Organization Engagement and Employee Engagement . Findings of the study revealed that significant difference in Job Engagement and Organization Engagement of the respondents from the two select banks were observed.
Combining ability for yield and its components in pumpkin.

Combining ability studies of an 8-parent diallel cross of pumpkin revealed contribution of both additive and nonadditive gene action controlling the expression of yield and its components except average fruit weight which was exclusively regulated by nonadditive gene effect. Epistasis was pronounced for all the characters. A close correspondence was observed between per se performance and combining ability effects for the attributes studied. Among parents, Pusa Vishwas ranked as top general combiner for yield and its components followed by Baidyabati and Ambili. Higher yield was mainly associated with increased number of fruits/plant, average fruit weight and flesh thickness. Most good specific combinations involved high x low general combiners. Exploitation of heterosis appeared to be limited. Ten crosses were identified for developing high yielding genotypes of pumpkin with other desirable characters.
Developer Testing in the IDE: Patterns, Beliefs, and Behavior

Software testing is one of the key activities to achieve software quality in practice. Despite its importance, however, we have a remarkable lack of knowledge on how developers test in real-world projects. In this paper, we report on a large-scale field study with 2,443 software engineers whose development activities we closely monitored over 2.5 years in four integrated development environments (IDEs). Our findings, which largely generalized across the studied IDEs and programming languages Java and C#, question several commonly shared assumptions and beliefs about developer testing: half of the developers in our study do not test; developers rarely run their tests in the IDE; most programming sessions end without any test execution; only once they start testing, do they do it extensively; a quarter of test cases is responsible for three quarters of all test failures; 12 percent of tests show flaky behavior; Test-Driven Development (TDD) is not widely practiced; and software developers only spend a quarter of their time engineering tests, whereas they think they test half of their time. We summarize these practices of loosely guiding one's development efforts with the help of testing in an initial summary on Test-Guided Development (TGD), a behavior we argue to be closer to the development reality of most developers than TDD.
Effect of salinity and municipal wastewater on growth performance and nutrient composition of Acacia nilotica.

Re-vegetation of plant species using industrial and municipal wastewater and alternate bio-saline approach to grow salt tolerant plant species on salt affected soils may help to lessen the burden on fresh water source being used for irrigation. In this study, response of Acacia nilotica to combined stress of municipal wastewater and salinity was evaluated in pots conducted during 2007. Treatments comprised of four salinity levels i.e., control, electrical conductivity (EC) 6, 9 and 12 dS m and three water types i.e., wastewater, tap water and mixed water (Waste & Tap water with ratio of 1:1). Mixing of wastewater with tap water was found the best for the better growth of A. nilotica at control salinity level. Shoot and root length, fresh and dry weights were reduced with increasing salinity. Maximum reduction of these parameters was recorded at highest salinity level (EC 12 dS m). Highest Nitrogen and Phosphorus contents were observed in plant samples under mixed water at control level of salinity and were similar to plant samples under mixed water at highest level of salinity (EC 12 dS m). Potassium contents were found maximum in plant samples under mixed water with EC 6 dS m. By increasing salinity the NPK contents in plant samples decreased gradually. The general order of reduction of different growth parameters of A. nilotica by salinity (dS m) was (highest inhibition) EC 12 > EC 9 > EC 6 > Control. The general order of best fit water was mixed water > wastewater > tap water. However, the salinity inhibited the growth of A. nilotica, but by mixing the municipal wastewater (an important source of nutrients) the problem of salinity can be alleviated. © 2010 Friends Science Publishers
Effect of glucanase supplementation in nutritionally marginal diet on Turkey poult performance.

Pharmacovigilance Laboratory for Animal Feed and Food Safety, Directorate of Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai600 051, India; Faculty of Food Sciences, College of Food and Dairy Technology, Koduvalli, Alamathi (Post), Chennai – 600 052, India; Department of Poultry Science, Madras Veterinary College, Vepery, Chennai – 600 007, India
Evaluation of the zoogeographical contents of Turkey aphid (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) fauna and invasive components.

Aphid’s small size, cyclical parthenogenesis, host preferences, higher adaptive ability and close association with plants let aphids to invade new areas. Increased global trade and climatic changes resulted in introduction and establishment of invasive aphid species into different regions of the world. Turkey is considered a bridge between Asia and Europe and thus it is the passageway of different species. Turkey is a geographically large country, 31% of Turkish flora is endemic. This study aimed to clarify the geographical composition of Turkey aphid fauna and provide some information about invasive components. Turkey was considered Mediterranean Basin of Palearctic region. After evaluating all the documents related to about 491 aphid species, it was shown that 48.4 % of the species originated from Europe, 17.3% of Asia, 15.7% of Palearctic, 7.7 % of Mediterranean, 6.5 % of Nearctic, 0.8 % of Ethiopian and 0.8 % of Oriental respectively. 2.4 % of Turkey aphid fauna originated from Turkey.
Youth Extremism as a Response to Global Threats?

Abstract. Violent extremism is rising across the globe as indicated by the growing number of attacks of terrorist organizations. It is known that violent extremism is carried out mainly by young people due to developmental and external factors. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that ideologically motivated violence stems from threat-regulation processes aiming to restore significance, control, and certainty. Nevertheless, few studies from the threat-regulation literature have focused on youth samples and on the social-economic and political context in which radicalization processes occur. Here, we hypothesize that one driver of the surge in violent extremism might be globalization. To do so, we review the evidence that shows that globalization increases the perception of affiliative, economic, and existential threats. In return, some studies suggest that these kinds of threats promote violent extremism among youth samples. Therefore, we conclude that the threatening context generated by four decades of globalization might be a risk factor for youth extremism in the long run.
Inheritance and linkage of resistance in cucumber line SMR-18 to races 1 and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum

Studies were carried out on the inheritance of resistance to race 2, and the linkage relationship between resistance to races 1 and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum in the cucumber cv. SMR-18, as well as on the reactions of several cucumber cultivars to inoculations with race 2. The inbred line Straight-8 (P 1 (susceptible to races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum) was crossed with the inbred line SMR-18 (P 2 ) (resistant to both races). When F 1 , F 2 , BC 1 P 2 and BC 1 P 2 progenies were inoculated at the cotyledon stage with a suspension of spores of F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum race 2, the ratios of resistant to susceptible plants indicated that resistance was conferred by a single dominant locus. When 158 BC 1 P 1 plants were selfed, and from each resulting F 2 family different groups of 12-18 seedlings each were tested for resistance to either race 1 or race 2, segregation data indicated a complete linkage between the two loci conferring resistance to these by inoculation with F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum race 2, races. Among the 34 cultivars tested at the seedling stage, five were susceptible, while the remainder were highly resistant
PRODUCTION OF DONKEY MILK FOR HUMAN FEEDING: CHANGES OF GROSS COMPOSITION AND ENERGETIC VALUE DURING LACTATION IN MARTINA FRANCA BREED

month from nine adult healthy asses, daily milked by machine milking from the 1 st to the 8 th month after foaling. Milk was analyzed to determine composition in macro-nutritional parameters (fat, protein, lactose), casein, fat-free dry matter (FDM), urea, pH and to calculate gross energy values. Results showed that the lactation stage of asses influences protein and FDM (P P 0.05) during lactation resulted the values of lactose (6.52 to 6.76 %), urea (34.10 to 35.62 mg/dl) and pH (6.87 to 6.93). These findings give a basic knowledge on the nutritional characteristics of Martina Franca donkey milk which is important for its employ in human feeding.
Mechanisms of nuclear receptor resistance in prostate cancer

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are essential transcription factors that participate in a diverse number of cellular functions. Many have attractive chemotherapeutic potential due to their ability to govern pathways of cellular differentiation, growth arrest and programmed cell death. There are numerous examples of NR signaling becoming disrupted in human malignancies including the prostate. Mechanisms that give rise to impaired receptor signalling are investigated herein, including pre-receptor regulation of NR ligand and epigenetically mediated hypoacetylation. Furthermore, attempts either to overcome or circumvent their disruption are investigated. In parallel to these one member of the NR subfamily was chosen for further analysis. The vitamin D receptor and its target gene CDKN1A were examined for recruitment of VDR, nuclear corepressor (NCOR1) and ppolymerase II to response elements. Using the non-malignant prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1, and PC-3 prostate cancer cell line to represent stages of prostate disease progression the spatio-temporal binding characteristics in response to ligand were measured. These findings identified aberrant nuclear corepressor recruitment to the transcription start site of CDKN1A in malignant disease. In addition examination of coregulation of a microRNA known to target CDKN1A revealed a mechanism of NR sensitivity that is also perturbed in prostate cancer. MiR106b also showed elevated tumour and serum expression in prostate cancer, suggesting a new biomarker of VDR responsiveness.
Modeling and optimal control of multiphysics problems using the finite element method

Interdisciplinary research like constrained optimization of partial differential equations (PDE) for trajectory planning or feedback algorithms is an important topic. Recent technologies in high performance computing and progressing research in modeling techniques have enabled the feasibility to investigate multiphysics systems in the context of optimization problems. In this thesis a conductive heat transfer example is developed and techniques from PDE constrained optimization are used to solve trajectory planning problems. In addition, a laboratory experiment is designed to test the algorithms on a real world application. Moreover, an extensive investigation on coupling techniques for equations arising in convective heat transfer is given to provide a basis for optimal control problems regarding heating ventilation and air conditioning systems. Furthermore a novel approach using a flatness-based method for optimal control is derived. This concept allows input and state constraints in trajectory planning problems for partial differential equations combined with an efficient computation. The stated method is also extended to a Model Predictive Control closed-loop formulation. For illustration purposes, all stated problems include numerical examples.
Effect of different dates of sowings and weather parameters on population of cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida)

The field experiment on cotton was conducted during two cropping seasons of kharif, 2013 and kharif, 2014 sown at two different dates namely July second fort night and august first fortnight. Data was collected on weather parameters and population of leafhoppers in cotton under no pesticide spray condition. Results revealed that population of leafhoppers were significantly affected by sowing dates and weather parameters. The pooled data of both years revealed that maximum leafhoppers population (6.03 leafhopper s/plant) was recorded in late sown crop while minimum (5.60 leafhoppers/plant) population was recorded in early sown cotton. In both the years i.e., Kharif, 2013 and Kharif, 2014 peak leafhopper infestation was recorded at 38 standard week with 13.73 leafhoppers/plant in early sown crop and 20.40 leafhoppers/plant in late sown crop; 11.50 leafhoppers/plant in early sown crop and 16.10 leafhoppers/plant in late sown crop, respectively. Population of leafhopper showed significantly positive correlation with temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and negatively correlated with sunshine hours in early sown crop. While, in late sown crop minimum temperature and wind speed showed significant positive correlation.
Circuitry underlying sleep in Drosophila melanogaster : Anatomy and the role of octopamine

Almost 20 years ago, the gene underlying fatal familial insomnia was discovered, first suggesting the concept that a single gene can regulate sleep. In the two decades since, there have been many advances in the field of behavioral genetics, but it is only in the past 10 years that the genetic analysis of sleep has emerged as an important discipline. Major findings include the discovery of a single gene underlying the sleep disorder narcolepsy, and identification of loci that make quantitative contributions to sleep characteristics. The sleep field has also expanded its focus from mammalian model organisms to Drosophila, zebrafish, and worms, which is allowing the application of novel genetic approaches. This thesis picks up on current sleep research to understand sleep, using Drosophila as our model organism. In Drosophila we have the unique opportunity to study at a single neuron level, how it regulates sleep and by doing this try to understand why we sleep. This work is devoted primarily to the neurotransmitter octopamine, which is the invertebrate homolog of norepinephrine. We show that octopamine is a wake-promoting signal in the fly, as is its counterpart in mammals. Behavioral changes in the animal are seen with modifications of a single octopamine-producing cell and this effect is used to understand both the anatomical and cellular pathways involved in this signal. We find that octopamine exerts its arousal properties through cAMP/PKA-dependent mechanisms in the Pars Intercerebralis (PI) neurons of the brain. Its actions are independent of the mushroom body, which we have also shown to be an important sleep regulating structure in the fly. This understanding of the anatomical circuitry driving wakefulness in the fly paves the way for finer dissection of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying sleep. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Neuroscience First Advisor Amita Sehgal
Interleukin-36α Expression in Vitiligo Skin Lesions and Its Association with Disease Pattern, Activity, and Severity

Background: Vitiligo is a pigmentary disorder defined by the presence of well-circumscribed milky-white macules on the skin and mucous membranes caused by the loss of functional melanocytes in the affected areas. There are various theories for vitiligo's origin, including neurolog-ical, auto cytotoxic, genetic, and immunological theories. Because the cytokine IL-36 is involved in the development and pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and SLE, it’s probable that IL -36 plays a role in the progression of vitiligo. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to look at the tissue expression of IL-36 in vitiligo lesions and non-le-sional skin. Patients and Methods: There were 41 vitiligo patients and 5 healthy controls in this cross-sectional analytic study. Each patient's history was collected, and all patients were examined by a dermatologist to determine the pattern, activity, and severity of vitiligo. Biopsies were extracted from lesional and nonlesional skin of all patients, and immunohistochemistry staining for IL-36 expression was performed. Results: In vitiligo patients, IL-36 expression was elevated in both lesional and nonlesional skin, primarily in the inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis. In terms of age of onset, sex, disease duration, course, activity severity, and pattern, there is no significant variation in IL-36 expression. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that IL 36 may have a role in the etiology of vitiligo, which could shed light on the disease's pathogenesis.
Evaluation of Pharmacological Activities of Leaves and Bark of Myristica fatua var. magnifica Extracts

Myristica fatua var. magnifica (Beddome) Sinclair belongs to the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree used as an important plant to cure various diseases. In the present study the Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate and Methanolic extracts of Myristica fatua was evaluated for its toxicity, potential analgesic, depressant and in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. The extracts at different concentration from 100 to 2000 mg/kg were used to evaluate the toxicity in albino rats. For evaluating the analgesic, depressant, in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, tail flick, actophotometer, rota-rod, HRBC membrane and carrageenan induced edema test in selected animals were done at the dose 200 and 400 mg/kg. Acute toxicity studies revealed that the extracts of Myristica fatua var. are nontoxic at the studied concentration. The appropriate dose range for preclinical study was found to be 200 and 400 mg/kg. Oral administration of different extracts at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited dose dependent analgesic, depressant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in selected animals. In vitro anti-inflammatory studies showed dose dependent activity with percentage of stabilization was found to be 79.66%, 80.63% and 85.22% at concentration of 200 mg/ml of M. fatua leaves, bark and standard respectively. Hence present investigation established some pharmacological evidences to support the folklore claim that Myristica fatua var. magnifica is used as analgesic, depressant and anti-inflammatory agent.
Integrated pest management strategies against castor defoliators.

Field experiments were conducted at Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Yethapur, during Kharif 2005 and 2006, to evolve a suitable IPM module for the management of castor defoliators with TMVCH 1 castor hybrid. The results revealed that foliar application of monocrotophos 0.05% effectively reduced the population of semiloopers (0.2 and 0.6/plant), but not the population of Spodoptera litura. Treatment involving both the mechanical removal and foliar application of monocrotophos 0.05% registered very good protection from defoliators. IPM package involving the erection bird perches, foliar application of neem seed kernel extract 5%, S. litura NPV 100 LE/ha, monocrotophos 0.05% and mechanical removal of larvae recorded the lowest population of semilooper, Spodoptera litura and hairy caterpillars. Though IPM plot recorded the maximum seed yield of 1246 kg/ha, the maximum B:C ratio of 2.81 was recorded in the treatment involving mechanical removal of larvae.
Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Carcass Traits in Hanwoo Steer

The data were consisted of 1,262 records for carcass traits observed at Hanwoo steers from 1998 to 2001 at Namwon and Deakwanryung branch of National Livestock Research Institute, Rural Development Administration. Pedigrees of young bulls were traced back to search for magnifying inbreeding. Genetic parameters for carcass traits with Gibbs sampling in a threshold animal model were compared to estimates with REML algorithm in linear model. As the results, most of bulls were not inbred and sire pedigree group was non-inbred population. However, most of the bulls fell in some relationship with each other. Heritability estimates as fully posterior means by Gibbs samplers in threshold model were higher than those by REML in linear model. Furthermore, these estimates in threshold model using GS showed higher estimates than estimates using tested young bulls in previous study and same model. Heritability estimate by GS for marbling score was 0.74 and genetic correlation estimate between marbling score and body weight at slaughter was –0.44. Further study for correlation of breeding values between REML algorithm in linear model and Gibbs sampling algorithm in threshold model was needed.