Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New In Vivo Approach to Broaden the Thioredoxin Family Interactome in Chloroplasts

Post-translational redox modifications provide an important mechanism for the control of major cellular processes. Thioredoxins (Trxs), which are key actors in this regulatory mechanism, are ubiquitous proteins that catalyse thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. In chloroplasts, Trx f, Trx m and NADPH-dependent Trx reductase C (NTRC) have been identified as transmitters of the redox signal by transferring electrons to downstream target enzymes. The number of characterised Trx targets has greatly increased in the last few years, but most of them were determined using in vitro procedures lacking isoform specificity. With this background, we have developed a new in vivo approach based on the overexpression of His-tagged single-cysteine mutants of Trx f, Trx m or NTRC into Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The over-expressed mutated Trxs, capable of forming a stable mixed disulfide bond with target proteins in plants, were immobilised on affinity columns packed with Ni-NTA agarose, and the covalently linked targets were eluted with dithiothreitol and identified by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. The in vivo approach allowed identification of 6, 9 and 42 new potential targets for Trx f, Trx m and NTRC, respectively, and an apparent specificity between NTRC and Trxs was achieved. Functional analysis showed that these targets are involved in several cellular processes.
Antibiotic Prescription in the Community-Dwelling Elderly Population in Lombardy, Italy: A Sub-Analysis of the EDU.RE.DRUG Study

Inappropriate consumption and over-prescription of antibiotics have been extensively reported. Our aim was to specifically evaluate the antibiotic prescribing patterns and appropriateness among the elderly (≥65 years) from the Lombardy region (Italy) in primary care. Antibiotic consumption (as DID: DDD/1000 inhabitants × day) and prevalence rates in 2018 were assessed, and the prescribing quality was evaluated using ESAC-based indicators and WHO-AWaRe criteria. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the probability of receiving an antibiotic prescription and patients’ and physicians’ characteristics. A total of 237,004 antibiotic users were included (mean age ± SD 75.98 ± 7.63; males 42.7%). Antibacterial consumption was equal to 17.2 DID, with values increasing with age in both males and females. The study found that the proportion of patients with at least one antibiotic prescription in 2018 was around 39.1%, with different age-related trends between males and females. Consumption (as DID) of cephalosporines (65–74 years: 1.65; 75–84 years: 2.06; ≥85 years: 2.86) and quinolones (3.88, 4.61, 4.96, respectively) increased with growing age, while consumption of penicillins (6.21, 6.08, 6.04, respectively) and macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins (3.25, 2.91, 2.64, respectively) decreased. In 2018, antibiotics considered to have higher toxicity concerns or resistance potential, as reported by WHO-AWaRe tool, were consumed more intensively than those to be used as first choices, independent of age and sex. The probability of receiving an antibiotic prescription was greater in females, in subjects with polypharmacy, in treatment with respiratory drugs, anti-inflammatory agents or glucocorticoids, and with previous hospitalization; but increasing age was less associated with exposition to antibiotics.
The Bullet cluster at its best: weighing stars, gas, and dark matter

Aims. We present a new strong lensing mass reconstruction of the Bullet cluster (1E 0657-56) at z = 0 : 296, based on WFC3 and ACS HST imaging and VLT/FORS2 spectroscopy. The strong lensing constraints underwent substantial revision compared to previously published analysis, there are now 14 (six new and eight previously known) multiply-imaged systems, of which three have spectroscopically confirmed redshifts (including one newly measured from this work). Methods. The reconstructed mass distribution explicitly included the combination of three mass components: (i) the intra-cluster gas mass derived from X-ray observation; (ii) the cluster galaxies modeled by their fundamental plane scaling relations and (iii) dark matter. Results. The model that includes the intra-cluster gas is the one with the best Bayesian evidence. This model has a total rms value of 0 : 158 0 0 between the predicted and measured image positions for the 14 multiple images considered. The proximity of the total rms to resolution of HST/WFC3 and ACS (0.07 0.15" FWHM) demonstrates the excellent precision of our mass model. The derived mass model confirms the spatial offset between the X-ray gas and dark matter peaks. The fraction of the galaxy halos mass to total mass is found to be f(s) = 11 +/- 5% for a total mass of 2 : 5 +/- 0 : 1 +/- 10(14) M-circle dot within a 250 kpc radial aperture.
Tidal volume expandability affected by flow, dynamic hyperinflation, and quasi-fixed inspiratory time in patients with COPD and healthy individuals

Exertional dyspnea (ED) and impaired exercise performance (EP) are mainly caused by dynamic hyperinflation (DH) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients by constraining tidal volume expansion at peak exercise (VTpeak). As VTpeak is the product of inspiratory time (TIpeak) and flow (VT/TIpeak), it was hypothesized that VTpeak and VTpeak/total lung capacity (VTpeak/TLC) may be affected by TIpeak and VT/TIpeak. Hence, the study investigated the (1) effect of TIpeak and VT/TIpeak on VTpeak expansion, (2) factors associated with TIpeak, expiratory time (TEpeak), VT/TIpeak, and VTpeak/TLC, and (3) relationships between VT/TIpeak and VTpeak/TLC with ED and EP in COPD patients and controls. The study enrolled 126 male stable COPD patients and 33 sex-matched controls. At peak exercise, TIpeak was similar in all subjects (COPD versus controls, mean ± SD: 0.78 ± 0.17 s versus 0.81 ± 0.20 s, p = NS), whereas the COPD group had lower VT/TIpeak (1.71 ± 0.49 L/s versus 2.58 ± 0.69 L/s, p < .0001) and thus the COPD group had smaller VTpeak (1.31 ± 0.34 L versus 2.01 ± 0.45 L,p < .0001) and VTpeak/TLC (0.22 ± 0.06 vs 0.33 ± 0.05, p < .0001). TIpeak, TEpeak, and VT/TIpeak were mainly affected by exercise effort, whereas VTpeak/TLC was not. TEpeak, VT/TIpeak, and VTpeak/TLC were inversely changed by impaired lung function. TIpeak was not affected by lung function. Dynamic hyperinflation did not occur in the controls, however, VTpeak/TLC was strongly inversely related to DH (r = −0.79) and moderately to strongly related to lung function, ED, and EP in the COPD group. There was a slightly stronger correlation between VTpeak/TLC with ED and EP than VT/TIpeak in the COPD group (|r| = 0.55–0.56 vs 0.38–0.43). In summary, TIpeak was similar in both groups and the key to understanding how flow affects lung expansion. However, the DH volume effect was more important than the flow effect on ED and EP in the COPD group.
AB INITIO PULSAR MAGNETOSPHERE: THREE-DIMENSIONAL PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATIONS OF OBLIQUE PULSARS

We present “first-principles” relativistic particle-in-cell simulations of the oblique pulsar magnetosphere with pair formation. The magnetosphere starts to form with particles extracted from the surface of the neutron star. These particles are accelerated by surface electric fields and emit photons capable of producing electron–positron pairs. We inject secondary pairs at the locations of primary energetic particles whose energy exceeds the threshold for pair formation. We find solutions that are close to the ideal force-free magnetosphere with the Y-point and current sheet. Solutions with obliquities ≤40° do not show pair production in the open field line region because the local current density along the magnetic field is below the Goldreich–Julian value. The bulk outflow in these solutions is charge-separated, and pair formation happens in the current sheet and return current layer only. Solutions with higher inclinations show pair production in the open field line region, with high multiplicity of the bulk flow and the size of the pair-producing region increasing with inclination. We observe the spin-down of the star to be comparable to MHD model predictions. The magnetic dissipation in the current sheet ranges between 20% for the aligned rotator and 3% for the orthogonal rotator. Our results suggest that for low obliquity neutron stars with suppressed pair formation at the light cylinder, the presence of phenomena related to pair activity in the bulk of the polar region, e.g., radio emission, may crucially depend on the physics beyond our simplified model, such as the effects of curved spacetime or multipolar surface fields.
Functional evaluation of computer-assisted mandibular reconstruction with iliac crest bone graft.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to to assess the influence of computer-assisted mandibular reconstruction with iliac crest bone graft regarding the functional and morphological outcomes compared to the virtually performed surgery. Furthermore, the reliability of the measured values was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is a prospective case series for computer-assisted mandibular reconstruction patients with iliac crest graft. Primary outcome variable was the functional and morphological outcome variables when correlated to the virtual preoperative values. The secondary outcome was deciding the reliability of the utilized evaluation methodology. All recorded data were documented, tabulated, computed, and analyzed using inter-class coefficient (ICC) test . Statistical significance was set at the 5% level. RESULTS: Nine consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. A highly statistically significant degree of agreement between the preoperative and postoperative measurements was recorded regarding all of the angular and linear parameters ( P <0.001). Furthermore, an extreme degree of reliability was reported when the evaluation methodology was scrutinized. (ICC=0.9). CONCLUSION: Computer-assisted reconstruction showed accurate postoperative condylar position and morphological orthognathic measurements in mandibular resection cases with iliac crest graft reconstruction. Furthermore, the study showed the reliability of the chosen methodology to evaluate the computer-assisted reconstruction procedure.
The Association between Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastric Cancer: Results from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project Consortium

Simple Summary Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality. In this meta-analysis, we utilized SToP consortium data to investigate the association between gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU) and development of GC. Among 4106 GC cases and 6922 controls, we detected a positive association between GU and GC (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 2.07–4.49). On the other hand, no significant association between DU and GC was detected (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.77–1.39). In the pooled analysis, incorporating 11 case–control studies revealed positive association between the gastric ulcer and risk of gastric cancer. Abstract Background. Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Although the risk of GC and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is known to be increased by H. pylori infection, evidence regarding the direct relationship between PUD and GC across ethnicities is inconclusive. Therefore, we investigated the association between PUD and GC in the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) consortium. Methods. History of peptic ulcer disease was collected using a structured questionnaire in 11 studies in the StoP consortium, including 4106 GC cases and 6922 controls. The two-stage individual-participant data meta-analysis approach was adopted to generate a priori. Unconditional logistic regression and Firth’s penalized maximum likelihood estimator were used to calculate study-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between gastric ulcer (GU)/duodenal ulcer (DU) and risk of GC. Results. History of GU and DU was thoroughly reported and used in association analysis, respectively, by 487 cases (12.5%) and 276 controls (4.1%), and 253 cases (7.8%) and 318 controls (6.0%). We found that GU was associated with an increased risk of GC (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 2.07–4.49). No association between DU and GC risk was observed (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.77–1.39). Conclusions. In the pooled analysis of 11 case–control studies in a large consortium (i.e., the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) consortium), we found a positive association between GU and risk of GC and no association between DU and GC risk.
Generation of single photons from an atom-cavity system

A single rubidium atom trapped within a high-finesse optical cavity is an efficient source of single photons. We theoretically and experimentally study single-photon generation using a vacuum stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. We experimentally achieve photon generation efficiencies of up to 34$%$ and 56$%$ on the ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ line, respectively. Output coupling with 89$%$ results in record-high efficiencies for single photons in one spatiotemporally well-defined propagating mode. We demonstrate that the observed generation efficiencies are constant in a wide range of applied pump laser powers and virtual level detunings. This allows for independent control over the frequency and wave packet envelope of the photons without loss in efficiency. In combination with the long trapping time of the atom in the cavity, our system constitutes a significant advancement toward an on-demand, highly efficient single-photon source for quantum information processing tasks.
Non-linear diffusion of cosmic rays escaping from supernova remnants – I. The effect of neutrals

Supernova remnants are believed to be the main sources of galactic cosmic rays (CR). Within this framework, particles are accelerated at supernova remnant shocks and then released in the interstellar medium. The mechanism through which CRs are released and the way in which they propagate still remain open issues. The main difficulty is the high non-linearity of the problem: CRs themselves excite the magnetic turbulence that confines them close to their sources. We solve numerically the coupled differential equations describing the evolution in space and time of the escaping particles and of the waves generated through the CR streaming instability. The warm ionized and warm neutral phases of the interstellar medium are considered. These phases occupy the largest fraction of the disc volume, where most supernovae explode, and are characterized by the significant presence of neutral particles. The friction between those neutrals and ions results in a very effective wave damping mechanism. It is found that streaming instability affects the propagation of CRs even in the presence of ion-neutral friction. The diffusion coefficient can be suppressed by more than a factor of ∼2 over a region of few tens of pc around the remnant. The suppression increases for smaller distances. The propagation of ≈10 GeV particles is affected for several tens of kiloyears after escape, while ≈1 TeV particles are affected for few kiloyears. This might have a great impact on the interpretation of gamma-ray observations of molecular clouds located in the vicinity of supernova remnants.
Effects of radiation reaction in relativistic laser acceleration

The goal of this paper is twofold: to explore the response of classical charges to electromagnetic force at the level of unity in natural units and to establish a criterion that determines physical parameters for which the related radiation-reaction effects are detectable. In pursuit of this goal, the Landau-Lifshitz equation is solved analytically for an arbitrary (transverse) electromagnetic pulse. A comparative study of the radiation emission of an electron in a linearly polarized pulse for the Landau-Lifshitz equation and for the Lorentz force equation reveals the radiation-reaction-dominated regime, in which radiation-reaction effects overcome the influence of the external fields. The case of a relativistic electron that is slowed down by a counterpropagating electromagnetic wave is studied in detail. We further show that when the electron experiences acceleration of order unity, the dynamics of the Lorentz force equation, the Landau-Lifshitz equation and the Lorentz-Abraham-Dirac equation all result in different radiation emission that could be distinguished in experiment. Finally, our analytic and numerical results are compared with those appearing in the literature.
Can Radiomics Provide Additional Information in [18F]FET-Negative Gliomas?

Simple Summary Amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) complements standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) since it directly visualizes the increased amino acid transport into tumor cells. Amino acid PET using O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET) has proven to be relevant, for example, for glioma classification, identification of tumor progression or recurrence, or for the delineation of tumor extent. Nevertheless, a relevant proportion of low-grade gliomas (30%) and few high-grade gliomas (5%) were found to show no or even decreased amino acid uptake by conventional visual analysis of PET images. Advanced image analysis with the extraction of radiomic features is known to provide more detailed information on tumor characteristics than conventional analyses. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether radiomic features derived from dynamic [18F]FET PET data differ between [18F]FET-negative glioma and healthy background and thus provide information that cannot be extracted by visual read. Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of extracting relevant information from radiomic features even in apparently [18F]FET-negative gliomas. A total of 46 patients with a newly diagnosed, histologically verified glioma that was visually classified as [18F]FET-negative were included. Tumor volumes were defined using routine T2/FLAIR MRI data and applied to extract information from dynamic [18F]FET PET data, i.e., early and late tumor-to-background (TBR5–15, TBR20–40) and time-to-peak (TTP) images. Radiomic features of healthy background were calculated from the tumor volume of interest mirrored in the contralateral hemisphere. The ability to distinguish tumors from healthy tissue was assessed using the Wilcoxon test and logistic regression. A total of 5, 15, and 69% of features derived from TBR20–40, TBR5–15, and TTP images, respectively, were significantly different. A high number of significantly different TTP features was even found in isometabolic gliomas (after exclusion of photopenic gliomas) with visually normal [18F]FET uptake in static images. However, the differences did not reach satisfactory predictability for machine-learning-based identification of tumor tissue. In conclusion, radiomic features derived from dynamic [18F]FET PET data may extract additional information even in [18F]FET-negative gliomas, which should be investigated in larger cohorts and correlated with histological and outcome features in future studies.
BERYLLIUM, OXYGEN, AND IRON ABUNDANCES IN EXTREMELY METAL-DEFICIENT STARS

The abundance of beryllium in the oldest, most metal-poor stars acts as a probe of early star formation and Galactic chemical evolution. We have analyzed high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio Keck/HIRES spectra of 24 stars with [Fe/H] from −2.3 to −3.5 in order to determine the history of Be abundance and explore the possibility of a Be plateau. We have determined stellar parameters of our sample spectroscopically, using equivalent widths of Fe i, Ti i, and Ti ii lines. We have determined O abundances from three OH features which occur in the same spectral region; this region is relatively uncrowded and has a well determined continuum in these very/extremely metal-poor stars. We have supplemented this sample with reanalyzed spectra of 25 stars from previous observations so that our total sample ranges in [Fe/H] from −0.5 to −3.5. Our results indicate that the relationship between Be and [Fe/H] continues to lower metallicities with a slope of 0.92 ± 0.04. Although there is no indication of a plateau with constant Be abundance, the four lowest metallicity stars (below [Fe/H] of −3.0) do show a Be enhancement relative to Fe at the 1σ level. A single relationship between Be and [O/H] has a slope of 1.21 ± 0.08, but there is also a good fit with two slopes: 1.59 above [O/H] = −1.6 and 0.74 for stars with [O/H] below −1.6. This change in slope could result from a change in the dominant production mechanism for Be. In the era of the formation of the more metal-poor stars, Be would be formed by acceleration of CNO atoms in the vicinity of SN ii and in later times by high-energy cosmic-rays bombarding CNO in the ambient interstellar gas. We find an excellent correlation between [Fe/H] and [O/H] and show that [O/Fe] is near +1.0 at [Fe/H] = −3.5 declining to 0 at [Fe/H] = 0.
FAST RADIAL FLOWS IN TRANSITION DISK HOLES

Protoplanetary “transition” disks have large, mass-depleted central cavities, yet also deliver gas onto their host stars at rates comparable to disks without holes. The paradox of simultaneous transparency and accretion can be explained if gas flows inward at much higher radial speeds inside the cavity than outside the cavity, since surface density (and by extension optical depth) varies inversely with inflow velocity at fixed accretion rate. Radial speeds within the cavity might even have to approach free-fall values to explain the huge surface density contrasts inferred for transition disks. We identify observational diagnostics of fast radial inflow in channel maps made in optically thick spectral lines. Signatures include (1) twisted isophotes in maps made at low systemic velocities and (2) rotation of structures observed between maps made in high-velocity line wings. As a test case, we apply our new diagnostic tools to archival Atacama Large Millimeter Array data on the transition disk HD 142527 and uncover evidence for free-fall radial velocities inside its cavity. Although the observed kinematics are also consistent with a disk warp, the radial inflow scenario is preferred because it predicts low surface densities that appear consistent with recent observations of optically thin CO isotopologues in this disk. How material in the disk cavity sheds its angular momentum wholesale to fall freely onto the star is an unsolved problem; gravitational torques exerted by giant planets or brown dwarfs are briefly discussed as a candidate mechanism.
The Mediating Role of Social Control in the Relationship between Family Communication Patterns and Emerging Adults’ Weight-Related Outcomes

ABSTRACT Emerging adults leaving home face an important transition. Despite increased independence, parent communication continues to influence weight/body perceptions. Emerging adults (N = 202) reported on a parent’s use of Family Communication Patterns (FCP) and social control to predict three outcomes: weight concern, body dissatisfaction, and weight-related communication apprehension (WRCA). Mediation analysis revealed that participants from conformity-oriented families reported greater weight concern and WRCA through a parent’s use of greater negative social control. Participants from conversation-oriented families reported lower weight concern and WRCA through a parent’s use of lower negative social control. Theoretical implications are offered to explain how FCP climates are associated with body-concept outcomes via social control behaviors, and practical implications are offered for family-focused health practitioners.