Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vertical Velocity Structures in an Axisymmetric, Nonhydrostatic Tropical Cyclone Model

Abstract A statistical analysis of several experiments with different microphysical parameterizations in an axisymmetric, nonhydrostatic tropical cyclone model illustrates the impact of icc-phase microphysics on model vertical velocity structure. The parameterizations are designed to illustrate the effects of 1) thermodynamic input through latent heating, 2) vertical sorting of microphysical species by fallspeed, and 3) different rates of the parameterized microphysical conversion processes. The results confirm previous studies on the thermodynamic effect of melting, but they also show that the other factors, namely, fallspeed and microphysical conversion rates, are important in determining model vertical velocity structure and evolution. Statistical summaries of updrafts and downdrafts show distinct increases in the intensity and horizontal scale of downdrafts near the melting level when parameterized snow is included. Model storms without snow show a greater percentage of convective-scale updrafts and d.
Persistence with Denosumab in Male Osteoporosis Patients: A Real-World, Non-Interventional Multicenter Study

Background Persistence with denosumab in male patients has not been adequately investigated, although poor denosumab persistence is associated with a significant risk of rebound vertebral fractures. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 294 Korean male osteoporosis patients treated with denosumab at three medical centers and examined their persistence with four doses of denosumab injection over 24 months of treatment. Persistence was defined as the extent to which a patient adhered to denosumab treatment in terms of the prescribed interval and dose, with a permissible gap of 8 weeks. For patients who missed their scheduled treatment appointment(s) during the follow-up period (i.e., no-shows), Cox proportional regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors associated with poor adherence. Several factors were considered, such as age, prior anti-osteoporotic drug use, the treatment provider’s medical specialty, the proximity to the medical center, and financial burdens of treatment. Results Out of 294 male patients, 77 (26.2%) completed all four sequential rounds of the denosumab treatment. Out of 217 patients who did not complete the denosumab treatment, 138 (63.6%) missed the scheduled treatment(s). Missing treatment was significantly associated with age (odds ratio [OR], 1.03), prior bisphosphonate use (OR, 0.76), and prescription by non-endocrinologists (OR, 2.24). Denosumab was stopped in 44 (20.3%) patients due to medical errors, in 24 (11.1%) patients due to a T-score improvement over –2.5, and in five (2.3%) patients due to expected dental procedures. Conclusion Our study showed that only one-fourth of Korean male osteoporosis patients were fully adherent to 24 months of denosumab treatment.
Analysis of Digital Expansions to Imaginary Quadratic Bases

Elliptic curves over finite fields can be used in public-key cryptography. There, the scalar multiplication in the group of rational points on the curve is the essential operation performed, and clearly, the aim is to make it as efficient as possible. Beside the double-and-add methods, Frobenius-and-add algorithms are attractive, since the Frobenius endomorphism can be evaluated very fast in finite fields. Due to the correspondence between the Frobenius endomorphism and an algebraic integer τ , we may consider τ -adic expansions for elements of Z[τ ]. Let w be an integer with w ≥ 2, and let the digit set consist of zero and all minimal norm representatives modulo τ not divisible by τ . We consider width-w τ -adic non-adjacent forms (w-NAFs for short). This means that in an expansion with base τ every block of w consecutive digits contains at most one non-zero digit. This thesis deals with analysing the occurrences of a fixed non-zero digit in such expansions. The major result counts these occurrences in all w-NAFs in a region (e.g. disc) asymptotically. The theorem is proved for imaginary quadratic algebraic integers τ . Beside the main term, a second order term, which is periodically oscillating, is given. Further the necessary tools and prerequisites were developed, and it is shown that every element of Z[τ ] admits a unique w-NAF. Moreover, some properties of the fundamental domain of a w-NAF number systems can be found. keywords: τ -adic expansions, non-adjacent forms, redundant digit sets, elliptic curve cryptography, Koblitz curves, Frobenius endomorphism, scalar multiplication, Hamming weight, sum of digits, fractals, fundamental domain contact: Daniel Krenn e-mail: mail@danielkrenn.at or daniel.krenn@tugraz.at web: www.danielkrenn.at
Crushing Responses of Expanded Polypropylene Foam

This paper aimed to experimentally clarify the crushing mechanism and performance of expanded polypropylene foam (EPP) and analyze the influence of density and thickness on its mechanical behavior and energy absorption properties under static crushing loadings. Hence, a series of compression tests were carried out on EPP foams with different densities and thicknesses. For foam with a density of 60 kg/m3, the mean crushing strength, energy absorption (Ea), energy absorption efficiency (Ef), specific energy absorption (SEA), and energy absorption per unit volume (w) increased by 245.3%, 187.2%, 42.3%, 54.3%, and 242.8%, respectively, compared to foam with a density of 20 kg/m3. Meanwhile, compared to foam with a thickness of 30 mm, the mean crushing strength, energy absorption (Ea), energy absorption efficiency (Ef), SEA, and energy absorption per unit volume (w) for foam with a thickness of 75 mm increased by 53.3%, 25.2%, −10.8%, −4.7%, and −10.6%, respectively. The results show that foam density has a significantly greater influence on static compressive performance than foam thickness. The microstructures of the EPP foam before and after static compression were compared by observing with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the failure mechanism was analyzed. Results showed that the load and energy as well as the deformation and instability processes of its cells were transferred layer by layer. The influence of density on the degree of destruction of the internal cells was obvious. Due to its larger mass and larger internal damping, thicker foams were less damaged, and less deformation was produced. Additionally, the EPP foam exhibited a considerable ability to recover after compression.
The Effect of Fluid Injection on the Drag of Flat Plates at High Reynolds Numbers

An analysis of the effects of fluid injection on the drag of flat plates with turbulent boundary layers indicates no reduction in overall drag even though the local skin friction is less with fluid injection than without. This is accounted for by the drag due to the momentum changes of the injected fluid when taken from the ambient flow. INTRODUCTION The recent aerodynamic investigations i of fluid injection or blowing into turbulent boundary layers mainly for cooling purposes have also indicated reductions in local skin friction. This naturally suggests the prospect of using fluid injection for the reduction of frictional resistance, especially at high Reynolds numbers for which the boundary-layer flow is turbulent. A convenient approach to the analysis of the frictional drag of bodies with fluid injection is provided by the work of Turcotte, wherein the local skin friction of a surface with fluid injection is related to that of an impervious surface. Since Turcotte's relation is unwieldy for drag analysis, a simpler power-law relation is developed which satisfactorily correlates existing experimental data. This power-law relation is used in integrating the change in . momentum thickness over a flat plate with constant fluid injection. The drag of the flat plate is related to the momentum thickness of the wake by also considering the momentum changes of the injected fluid obtained from the ambient flow. A comparison of the drag of a flat plate with fluid injection to one ,without shows no reduction in drag; in fact, it shows a large increase in drag. Furthermore, this drag of a flat plate with fluid injection does not 'References are listed on page 7 ~n r-n ***Mlru rrru*an~r~*-l-~ larrnIIYlllld~~lXI include the added internal losses of the injection flow through the ducting and the porous shell. LOCAL SKIN FRICTION OF TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER WITH FLUID INJECTION If fluid of the same density p as the outer flow is injected at velocity v normal to the wall into a turbulent boundary layer previously existing on an impervious wall with shearing stress T , the new wall shearing stress or local skin friction T is then stated as w Tw = f (T , vw, p) [i] o A convenient dimensionless grouping as given by Turcotte' is T /T = f (v /u ) [2] w w w To 0 where uTo = Tw /p is the shear velocity on the impervious surface. o A specific relation for Equation [2] was obtained by Turcotte by an analysis of the laminar and transitional sublayers which incorporated an hypothesis of Rott that the shearing stress at the outer edge of the transitional sublayer is unaffected by fluid injection, or T w/Two = exp [ 6.94 (v /u )(l + /TW /T )] [3] At small values of v w/u T, Equation [3] reduces to w T O T /T = 1 13.89 (v /u ) [4] w w w T o 0 Turcotte's relation, Equation [3], agrees very well with the experimental results of Mickley and Davis,3 as seen in Figure 1. The marked decrease in local skin friction with fluid injection , shown in Figure 1, consequently prompted this investigation into the
Vertical Variability of Cloud Hydrometeors in the Stratiform Region of Mesoscale Convective Systems and Bow Echoes

Abstract During the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment, the NOAA P-3 research aircraft executed 17 spiral descents to the rear of convective lines to document the vertical variability of hydrometeors above, within, and below the stratiform melting layer. Ten spirals were behind lines that exhibited bowing at some stage in their evolution. Although quick descents on some spirals forced sampling of different particle zones, clear trends with respect to temperature were seen. For 16 spirals, the ambient relative humidity with respect to ice was in the range of 100% ± 4% at temperatures between −10°C and the melting layer, but exhibited steady decreases below the melting layer to an average relative humidity with respect to water of 77% ± 15% at 9°C. In contrast, one spiral conducted on 29 June 2003 directly behind a developing bow echo had a relative humidity with respect to ice averaging 85% at heights above the 0°C level and relative humidity with respect to ice further decreased below the.
Type Classes and Instance Chains: A Relational Approach

Type classes, first proposed during the design of the Haskell programming language, extend standard type systems to support overloaded functions. Since their introduction, type classes have been used to address a range of problems, from typing ordering and arithmetic operators to describing heterogeneous lists and limited subtyping. However, while type class programming is useful for a variety of practical problems, its wider use is limited by the inexpressiveness and hidden complexity of current mechanisms. We propose two improvements to existing class systems. First, we introduce several novel language features, instance chains and explicit failure, that increase the expressiveness of type classes while providing more direct expression of current idioms. To validate these features, we have built an implementation of these features, demonstrating their use in a practical setting and their integration with type reconstruction for a Hindley-Milner type system. Second, we define a set-based semantics for type classes that provides a sound basis for reasoning about type class systems, their implementations, and the meanings of programs that use them.
The influence of different types of satisfaction on loyalty on C2C online shopping platform: From the perspective of sellers and the platform

With the rise and development of major types of platforms, the competition for resources has become extremely fierce, and the market share of C2C platforms has been seriously threatened by the loss of resources. Therefore, building and maintaining buyers’ satisfaction and loyalty to C2C platforms is critical to the survival and sustainability of C2C platforms in China. However, the current knowledge on how platform satisfaction and loyalty are constructed in the C2C e-commerce environment is incomplete. In this study, seller-based satisfaction and platform-based satisfaction are constructed separately. We further distinguish seller-based transaction satisfaction into economic and social satisfaction and explore their antecedents and consequences. To test our research hypotheses, we conduct a survey and collect data from a real online market (Taobao website). The results show that seller-based transaction satisfaction positively affects platform-based overall satisfaction and loyalty; perceived product quality, perceived assurance, and perceived price fairness all have a significant effect on economic satisfaction, whereas perceived relationship quality and perceived empathy significantly influence social satisfaction. These findings help us understand the literature related to customer satisfaction in the context of C2C in China and provide inspiration for online sellers and platforms.
Path antenna gain in an exponential atmosphere

The problem of determining path antenna gain is t reated here in greater detail t han previously [1 , 2, 3). 1 The method used here takes in to acco un t for t he first t ime t he exponent ial decrease of the gradient of refractive index with height , a nd a scattering cross section inversely proportional to t he fifth power of t h e scattering a ngle. R es ults are given for all combinations of beamwid ths find path geometry, assuming t hat symmetrical beams are used on both ends of t he path a nd t hat atmospheric t urbulen ce is isotropic. The result appears as a function of both of t he beamwidths, in addit ion to other para meters, a nd thus t he loss in gain cannot be determin ed independently for the t ransmi tting fi nd receiving antenn as. The values of t he los in gain are generally lower t han t he previous est imates for which a comparison is poss ible.
Biaxial Orientation of PLA/PBAT/Thermoplastic Cereal Flour Sheets: Structure–Processing–Property Relationships

This paper investigates the biaxial stretchability of polylactic acid (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/thermoplastic cereal flour (TCF) ternary blends with a PLA/PBAT ratio close to 60/40 and a constant TCF content. A twin-screw extrusion process was used to gelatinize the starch and devolatilize the water in order to obtain a water-free TCF, which was then blended into a compatibilized or non-compatibilized PLA/PBAT matrix, introduced in the molten state. These blends were subsequently cast into sheets and biaxially drawn using a biaxial laboratory stretcher. The prepared ternary blends were found to present a typical ductile behavior. Scanning electron micrography highlighted dispersion and adhesion properties in the PLA/PBAT/TCF blends, where two different phases were observed. Moreover, the addition of the thermoplastic cereal flour did not significantly affect the biaxial stretchability of the PLA/PBAT blends but was found to lower the maximum stress before breaking. The modification of the interfacial tension between PLA and PBAT with the compatibilizer Joncryl before mixing with TCF had no effect on the durability of the PLA/PBAT/TCF sheet. Still, it slightly increased the maximum of nominal stress before failure.
Path coefficients and path regressions: Alternative or complementary concepts?

(1) The authors concur with Tukey in treating the standardized and concrete forms of correlational statistics as if they were alternative conceptions between which it is necessary to make a choice. It has always seemed to me that these should be looked upon as two aspects of a single theory corresponding to different modes of interpretation which, taken together, often give a deeper understanding of a situation than either can give by itself. (2) E1ven when the sole objectives of analysis are the concrete coefficients, actual path analysis takes a simpler and more homogeneous form in terms of the standardized ones. The application of the method to data usually requires algebraic manipulation of coefficients pertaining to unmeasured variables on the same basis as measured ones. As the former can only be dealt with in standardized form, homogeneity requires that all be so dealt with in the course of the algebra. It is such a simple matter to pass from either form to the other (in the cases in which standard deviations are available to all) that the economy of effort in using the concrete coefficients as far as possible, where these are the objectives, is usually outweighed by the loss of economy in other respects. (3) It is of first importance in path analysis to make use of all of the available data. This is not done by Turner and Stevens in most of their examples. The use of standardized coefficients leads naturally
Icing Severity in the December 2002 Freezing-Rain Storm from ASOS Data*

Abstract The ice storm of 3–5 December 2002 affected the southern United States from Oklahoma to Virginia. The weight of ice on trees and power lines caused power outages lasting more than a week in some areas. The total precipitation across this region is mapped using data from both Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) hourly reporting stations and National Weather Service cooperative daily reporting stations. The storm severity is quantified in terms of the equivalent uniform radial ice thickness using data from ASOS weather stations. Estimates of the radial ice thickness are determined by using an algorithm based on a relationship between the frequency drop of the ASOS icing sensor and the measured mass of ice on a horizontal cylinder and by using the hourly aviation weather reports (METAR) in ice accretion models. These estimates are compared and anomalies in the data and anticipated improvements to the ASOS sensors and software are discussed.
Changes in Sperm Morphology, Morphometry, and Motility from the Epididymis to the Vas Deferens in Rheas (Rhea americana, Linnaeus, 1758)

Simple Summary The rhea (Rhea americana) is nearly threatened in nature, while playing important ecological and economic roles. Therefore, the study of its reproductive biology is necessary to provide information that will serve as a basis for its conservation through natural breeding and reproductive biotechnologies. We characterized rhea spermatozoa and analyzed changes that occur in the cells during the transit between the epididymis to the vas deferens (based on sperm motility, morphology, morphometry, and ultrastructure). We reveal, for the first time, that rhea spermatozoa undergo an increase in size and motility throughout their transit in the spermatic pathways. Abstract The objective was to characterize morphological, morphometric, and ultrastructural changes in rhea spermatozoa between the epididymis and the vas deferens. Sperm samples were collected from the reproductive tracts of seven adult individuals and evaluated for sperm characteristics using brightfield microscopy as well as ultrastructural features using scanning electron microscopy (SM). Mean sperm count tended to increase in the vas deferens (378.0 ± 135.0 × 106) compared to the epididymis (201.0 ± 77.4 × 106). Percentages of motile sperm grew from 37.0 ± 4.9% in the epididymis to 58.5 ± 7.7% in the vas deferens. The proportion of normal spermatozoa was 75.6 ± 1.8% and most common defects were bent tails (9.7 ± 0.9%). However, these proportions were not different between epididymis and vas deferens. SM analysis revealed further features of rhea spermatozoa. Normal rhea spermatozoa were threadlike with an acrosome (0.95 ± 0.0 µm), head (7.53 ± 0.01 µm), midpiece (2.08 ± 0.01 µm), and tail (30.7 ± 0.06 µm). Lengths of sperm acrosome, head, midpiece, and tail were longer in the vas deferens compared to the epididymis. Our findings suggest that rhea spermatozoa undergo a maturation process during the passage from the epididymis to the vas deferens.
Dermatology and Venereology Consultation Pattern from Inpatient and Emergency Department in Tertiary Hospital Setting Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic

Background/Purpose COVID-19 pandemic has compromised healthcare services in dermatology and venereology. Given such circumstances, studies investigating the consultation pattern of related fields in hospitals were relatively scarce. The present study aimed to delineate such matter from tertiary hospital viewpoint. Methods Details concerning referred patients from the emergency room, inpatient wards, intensive care unit, and nursery to the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital were retrospectively collected from electronic health records. Cases admitted in the 17 months span before and during COVID-19 global outbreak were included. The obtained data were presented descriptively, and Chi-squared test was performed upon attributes of interest at a significance level of 0.05. Results A slight increase of total consultation was found in the COVID-19 era with an initial reduction at the beginning (April–May 2020). One-time consultation was the most inquired to our department in both periods of which dermatitis was the most prevalent case and Gram staining was the most common examination. Topical antibiotics and emollient were the most prescribed medications before and during the outbreak, respectively. The conformity of initial-final decision, appropriateness of initial-final diagnosis, and consult response time were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion There were changes of the number of consultation requests in the pandemic era with statistically significant change of decision conformity, diagnoses, appropriateness, and consult response time. Although some changes appeared, the most prevalent diagnoses remained.
To correct or not to correct for range restriction, that is the question: Looking back and ahead to move forward

Sackett et al. (2023) start their focal article by stating that they identified “previously unnoticed flaws” in range restriction (RR) corrections in most validity generalization (VG) meta-analyses of selection procedures reviewed in their 2022 article. Following this provocative opening statement, they discuss how both researchers and practitioners have handled (and should handle) RR corrections in estimating the operational validity of a selection procedure in both VG metaanalyses (whose input studies are predominantly concurrent studies) and individual validation studies (which serve as input to VG meta-analyses). The purpose of this commentary is twofold. We first provide an essential review of Sackett et al.’s (2022) three propositions serving as the major rationales for their recommendations regarding RR corrections (e.g., no corrections for RR in concurrent validation studies). We then provide our critical analyses of their rationales and recommendations regarding RR corrections to put them in perspective, along with some additional thoughts.