Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dose and dose-rate dependence of mutation frequency under long-term exposure – a new look at DDREF from WAM model

ABSTRACT We have investigated the dependence of the mutation frequency on the dose and dose rate of artificial radiation using the Whack-A-Mole (WAM) model that we recently proposed. In particular, we pay special attention to the case of long-term and low-dose-rate exposure. Our results indicate that the WAM model successfully describes the dose-rate dependence, and it can replace the so-called dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF), which has been used for long, to account for the differences between high-dose-rate and low-dose-rate data. The basic properties of the WAM model are discussed with special emphasis on the dose-rate dependence in order to demonstrate how the dose-rate dependence, which is built into the model explicitly, plays a key role. Biological effects of long-term exposure to extremely low-dose-rate radiation are discussed in light of analysis of mega-mouse experiments using the WAM model. In the WAM model, the effects of long-term exposure show a saturation property, thus making it distinctly different from the ‘linear no threshold (LNT)’ hypothesis that predicts a linear increase of the effects with time.
Proﬁle-Guided Object-Level Cache Partitioning

Efﬁcient on-chip cache utilization is critical to achieve high performance for many memory-intensive applications. The shared cache structure of multi-core processors has made this a more challenging issue due to the increasingly intensive inter-thread contention for shared cache resources. Exsiting hardware and software solutions address this problem by adptively allocating space in the shared cache to multiple threads aiming at minimizing the cache contetion. However, in many applications that cache contention can also be caused by data accesses to several commonly deﬁned data objects in private/shared caches due to the lack of object-level locality knowledge. This observation holds for collaborative threads and/or within a single thread, with a concequence that data of an object with high utility are evicted by accesses to a low-utility object. To address this problem, we present a software framework for object-level cache partitioning. We ﬁrst collect object-relative stack histograms and inter-object interference histograms via memory trace sampling. With several low-cost training runs, we are able to distinguish data objects of three signiﬁcant types with different locality patterns: (1) objects with signiﬁcant temporal resue, (2) object with little temporal reuse but with a large cache footprint, and (3) objects without clear locality patterns. Our cache partitioning policies segregate data objects by locality types and properly allocate cache spaces to data objects, aiming at maximizing cache usage. We have implemented object-level cache partitioning support in Linux kernel, and tested our framework on a commodity multi-core processor. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our system framework with single-and multi-threaded programs from the SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite and
Detection of aerobic bacterial pathogens associated with early embryonic death in pregnant New Zealand female Rabbits in Egypt

Background and Aim: Rabbits are a highly sensitive species and susceptible to various bacterial pathogens that may be causative agents for early embryonic death. This study aimed to explore the administration of different bacterial agents in does suffering from early embryonic death. Furthermore, identification of genes associated with virulence was performed to identify the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns that may increase the virulence of pathogens and lead to early embryonic death. Materials and Methods: We isolated and identified bacterial agents in 106 samples from live and dead female rabbits that had undergone early embryonic death, including liver and intestine tissue, aborted fetuses, discharges, and vaginal swabs. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to confirm the identity of the isolated bacterial strains and their virulence. Moreover, antibiotic resistance was studied phenotypically and genotypically. Results: We isolated Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella multocida, and Listeria monocytogenes. PCR confirmed typical identification except in P. multocida, which was confirmed as Gallibacterium spp. in some cases. The final percentage of detection was 34%, 30.2%, 16.9%, 13.2%, and 11.3%, respectively. Virulence properties were investigated using different designated genes. All Salmonella strains harbored invA, stn, avrA, and ompf genes, while the sopE gene was identified in 31.25%. E. coli strains harboring the iss gene lacked the shiga toxin (stx1) gene. L. monocytogenes and S. aureus strains harbored the hemolysin gene (66.7% and 33.4%, respectively). Multidrug resistance was detected phenotypically and genotypically in most strains. Each bacterial pathogen had a different antibiotic resistance profile. Conclusion: Multiple bacterial species may contribute to early embryonic death in does. Furthermore, the combined infection could be the main cause of early embryonic death. Thus, monitoring programs should bear this in mind and focus on the early detection of these bacterial agents in female rabbits to avoid embryonic death.
Culture, Institutions and Social Equilibria: A Framework

This paper proposes a new framework for studying the interplay between culture and institutions. We follow the recent sociology literature and interpret culture as a \repertoire", which allows rich cultural responses to changes in the environment and shifts in political power. Specifically, we start with a culture set, which consists of attributes and the feasible connections between them. Combinations of attributes produce cultural configurations, which provide meaning, interpretation and justification for individual and group actions. Cultural figurations also legitimize and support different institutional arrangements. Culture matters as it shapes the set of feasible cultural figurations and via this channel institutions. Yet, changes in politics and institutions can cause a rewiring of existing attributes, generating very different cultural configurations. Cultural persistence may result from the dynamics of political and economic factors - rather than being a consequence of an unchanging culture. We distinguish cultures by how fluid they are - whereby more fluid cultures allow a richer set of cultural configurations. Fluidity in turn depends on how specific (vs. abstract) and entangled (vs. free-standing) attributes in a culture set are. We illustrate these ideas using examples from African, England, China, the Islamic world, the Indian caste system and the Crow. In all cases, our interpretation highlights that culture becomes more of a constraint when it is less fluid (more hardwired), for example because its attributes are more specific or entangled. We also emphasize that less fluid cultures are not necessarily "bad cultures", and may create a range of benefits, though they may reduce the responsiveness of culture to changing circumstances. In many instances, including in the African, Chinese and English cases, we show that there is a lot of fluidity and very different, almost diametrically-opposed, cultural configurations are feasible, often compete with each other for acceptance and can gain the upper hand depending on political factors.
The economic gains of closing the employment gender gap: Evidence from Morocco

The present paper sheds new light on the growth implications of gender inequalities in the Moroccan labour market. We confront two different approaches. The first one is based on firm data to estimate gender complementarity in production and uses this information for simulations based on a simple macroeconomic model. The second relies on country panel variation to relate growth to the relative employment of women and, also, suggest simulations for Morocco. Both approaches lead to similar conclusions regarding the potential economic gains from increased female participation in this country.
Using glycerin with chitosan extracted from shrimp residue to enhance rumen fermentation and feed use in native Thai bulls

Background and Aim: Crude glycerin is changed to propionate in the rumen, while chitosan can be used as a feed supplement to increase propionic acid concentration and decrease methane (CH4) production. We hypothesized that supplementation with a combination of a high level of crude glycerin with chitosan could have a beneficial effect on ruminal fermentation and mitigate CH4 production. This study aimed to explore the combined effects of crude glycerin and chitosan supplementation on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and CH4 calculation in native Thai bulls. Materials and Methods: Four 2-year-old native Thai bulls, weighing 150±20 kg, were kept in a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design. Factor A represented the incorporation of crude glycerin at 10.5% and 21% of the dry matter (DM) of a total mixed ration (TMR), and factor B represented the supplementation of chitosan at 1% and 2% DM of a TMR. Results: Increasing levels of crude glycerin at 21% decreased DM intake by 0.62 kg/day compared with 10.5% crude glycerin (p<0.05), whereas nutrient digestibility did not change (p>0.05). The incorporated crude glycerin and supplemented chitosan levels did not affect the pH, temperature, concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen, microbial population, and blood urea nitrogen (p>0.05). Supplemented chitosan and incorporated crude glycerin did not show any interaction effects on the molar portions and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), except estimated CH4. Increasing the incorporated crude glycerin levels increased propionate and decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate ratio, whereas levels of butyrate, acetate, and total VFAs were unchanged. The combination of crude glycerin at 21% in the TMR with chitosan at 2% reduced CH4 estimation by 5.08% compared with the other feed treatment. Conclusion: Increasing incorporated crude glycerin levels in a TMR significantly elevated the propionate concentration, whereas combining 21% crude glycerin in the TMR diet with 2% chitosan supplementation could depress CH4 estimation more effectively than adding one of these supplements alone.
The Role of Informal Labour Market Conditions and Transferrable Competences on Informal Employments for Secondary School Graduates in Kigoma District, Tanzania

Secondary school graduate output in Tanzania has enormously increased without a proper placement plan in the labour market. Specifically, the paper delineates the differences in informal labour market conditions and transferrable competences between urban and rural secondary school graduates; presents an examination of informal employments for secondary school graduates; and denotes the impact of transferrable competences and informal labour market conditions on secondary school graduates’ informal employment. A cross-sectional study design was employed to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Descriptive results showed trading, fishing, transportation, mechanics, food vending, palm oil processing and farming to be among main informal employments in which secondary school graduates are engaged. Mann-Whitney U test showed that there were significant differences in the effect of explanatory variables between urban and rural secondary school graduates. Binary Logistic Regression analysis showed that 8 variables namely, informal labour market accessibility, financial capital, social networks, labour market legal framework, self-efficacy, interpersonal relation, entrepreneurship, and farming competences had significant influence on informal employments of secondary school graduates. The results from focus group discussions and key informant interviews were consistent with the findings from the quantitative data. It is thus concluded that informal labour market conditions and transferable competences have an influence on informal employment of secondary school graduates. Therefore, adjustments of informal labour market conditions and transferable competences could be an effective tool of expanding informal employments for secondary school graduates in the informal labour market. The findings emphasise on the need for alerting Local Government Authorities, labour offices, employment agencies, and Non-Governmental Organisations to adjust and re-organize informal labour market conditions and improve transferable competences for secondary school graduates, and hence, improve chances for the graduates getting informal employment.
Multi-option Technical Facilitation of Public Debate Eliciting consensus nationally and internationally

Introduction Possibilities suggested by the Grand Débat in France Current multi-platform technical viability and costs Eliciting insights from the public via debate Technical facilitation of insight capture and processing Enabling consensual articulation -towards a synthesis? Envisioning consensus and synthesis: what form might it take? Oppositional coherence implied by polyhedral mapping of debate Problematic dynamics of debate Transcending vulnerability to inadequacy: self-reflexivity? Consensus on ecological transition: reductionism and misplaced concreteness? References
Self-Expandable Metal Stent as a Bridge to Surgery for the Management of Obstructing Colorectal Cancer-A Single Centre Experience

Introduction: Placement of self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) as a bridge to surgery for malignant colorectal obstruction is quite feasible regarding short-term outcomes, but oncological and long-term outcomes are still debatable. The aim of this study is to present our experience and try to conclude whether this type of malignant colorectal obstruction management is applicable and safe. Materials and Methods: Six patients with obstructive colorectal cancer who underwent SEMS placement were included in our study and several perioperative factors were assessed. Results: Technical and clinical success rates were 100%, with no perioperative complications and two-year overall survival rate of the patients is 83.3%. Conclusion: SEMS placement in patients with malignant colorectal obstruction as a bridge to surgery is an effective way of reaching elective surgery with primary anastomosis, but further investigations are needed regarding long term advantages of this procedure.
Response to referee comments for: Airborne Extractive Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Measurements of the Chemical Composition of Organic Aerosol Pagonis

We deployed an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-MS) for airborne 25 measurements of biomass burning aerosol during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) study onboard the NASA DC-8 research aircraft. Through optimization of the electrospray working solution, active control of the electrospray region pressure, and precise control of electrospray capillary position, we achieved 1 Hz quantitative measurements of aerosol nitrocatechol and levoglucosan concentrations up to pressure altitudes of 7 km. EESIMS response to levoglucosan and nitrocatechol was calibrated for each flight, with flight-to-flight calibration variability of 30 60% (1σ). Laboratory measurements showed no aerosol size dependence in EESI-MS sensitivity below particle geometric diameters of 400 nm, covering 82% of accumulation mode aerosol mass during FIREX-AQ. We also present a first in-field intercomparison of EESI-MS with a chemical analysis of aerosol online proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (CHARON PTR-MS) and a high-resolution Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). EESI-MS and CHARON PTR-MS levoglucosan concentrations were well correlated, with a regression slope of 0.94, R2 = 0.77. AMS levoglucosan-equivalent 35 concentrations and EESI-MS levoglucosan showed greater difference, with a regression slope of 1.36, R2 = 0.96, likely indicating the contribution of other compounds to the AMS levoglucosan-equivalent measurement. Total EESI-MS signal
Diarrheic Commercial Rabbits

Thirty-two different strains of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic commercial rabbits showing intestinal attachment of bacilli were studied. None of the strains produced thermostable or thermolabile enterotoxins, and none was invasive. Strains isolated from suckling rabbits attached in vitro to the brush borders of intestinal villi, whereas strains from weanling rabbits did not. After experimental infection of 5-week-old rabbits, the 26 strains isolatedfrom weaned diarrheic rabbits attached to the epithelium of ileum, cecum, and colon, whereas only slight attachment was found after infection with the six strains isolated from suckling diarrheic rabbits. The former strains induced diarrhea in 87% of the rabbits, whereas the latter induced diarrhea in only 9% of inoculated rabbits. E. coli isolated from healthy rabbits did not cause diarrhea. Strains isolated from diarrheic suckling rabbits all belonged to serotype 0109:K-:H2, whereas strains from diarrheic weaned rabbits belonged to at least eight different serogroups. It is suggested that two different mechanisms of E. coli enteropathy might exist in rabbits.
An Engineered Biliverdin-Compatible Cyanobacteriochrome Enables a Unique Ultrafast Reversible Photoswitching Pathway

Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are promising optogenetic tools for their diverse absorption properties with a single compact cofactor-binding domain. We previously uncovered the ultrafast reversible photoswitching dynamics of a red/green photoreceptor AnPixJg2, which binds phycocyanobilin (PCB) that is unavailable in mammalian cells. Biliverdin (BV) is a mammalian cofactor with a similar structure to PCB but exhibits redder absorption. To improve the AnPixJg2 feasibility in mammalian applications, AnPixJg2_BV4 with only four mutations has been engineered to incorporate BV. Herein, we implemented femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) and ground state femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (GS-FSRS) to uncover transient electronic dynamics on molecular time scales and key structural motions responsible for the photoconversion of AnPixJg2_BV4 with PCB (Bpcb) and BV (Bbv) cofactors in comparison with the parent AnPixJg2 (Apcb). Bpcb adopts the same photoconversion scheme as Apcb, while BV4 mutations create a less bulky environment around the cofactor D ring that promotes a faster twist. The engineered Bbv employs a reversible clockwise/counterclockwise photoswitching that requires a two-step twist on ~5 and 35 picosecond (ps) time scales. The primary forward Pfr → Po transition displays equal amplitude weights between the two processes before reaching a conical intersection. In contrast, the primary reverse Po → Pfr transition shows a 2:1 weight ratio of the ~35 ps over 5 ps component, implying notable changes to the D-ring-twisting pathway. Moreover, we performed pre-resonance GS-FSRS and quantum calculations to identify the Bbv vibrational marker bands at ~659,797, and 1225 cm−1. These modes reveal a stronger H-bonding network around the BV cofactor A ring with BV4 mutations, corroborating the D-ring-dominant reversible photoswitching pathway in the excited state. Implementation of BV4 mutations in other PCB-binding GAF domains like AnPixJg4, AM1_1870g3, and NpF2164g5 could promote similar efficient reversible photoswitching for more directional bioimaging and optogenetic applications, and inspire other bioengineering advances.
ENTREPRENEURS’ PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN CULINARY SECTOR IN INDONESIA

This research aims to investigate the influence of work motivation and entrepreneurial intention toward Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in culinary sector at Indonesia. Population in this research are 121 culinary businesses in Indonesia, whereas the samples are 93 respondents. Result shows that work motivation significantly influence the SMEs business performance, while entrepreneurial intention does not significantly influence the SMEs business performance.
Relations between production team satisfaction and team characteristics in the manufacturing organization in Sri Lanka

The study investigated the team satisfaction by constructing a model which is including defining characteristics of a work team: mutual support, a common goal, multi-skills and task interdependence. The structural relationships between all variables were evaluated using quantitative data which was obtained from 190 shop-floor level workers in the manufacturing organization in Sri Lanka. The study verified that a common goal, multi-skills and task interdependence indirectly affect team satisfaction through the mediation of mutual support. That means, a common goal, multi-skills and task interdependence strengthen mutual support, further leading to enhance the team members’ satisfaction. Finally, the study results contribute to the understanding of the rudimentary process in the relation between characteristics of the team and team satisfaction.
Performance-based publisher ratings and the visibility/impact of books: Small fish in a big pond, or big fish in a small pond?

Abstract This study compares publisher ratings to the visibility and impact of individual books, based on a 2017 data set from three Nordic performance-based research funding systems (PRFS) (Denmark, Norway, and Finland). Although there are Journal Impact Factors (JIFs) for journals, there is no similar indicator for book publishers. National publisher lists are used instead to account for the general “quality” of books, leading to institutional rewards. But, just as the JIF is not recommended as a proxy for the “citedness” of a paper, a publisher rating is also not recommended as a proxy for the impact of an individual book. We introduce a small fish in a big pond versus big fish in a small pond metaphor, where a “fish” is a book and “the pond” represents its publishing house. We investigate how books fit on this metaphorical fish and pond continuum, using WorldCat holdings (visibility) and Google Scholar citations (impact), and test other variables to determine their predictive value with respect to these two indicators. Our statistics show that publisher levels do not have predictive value when other variables are held constant. This has implications for PRFS and book evaluations in general, as well as ongoing developments related to a newly proposed international publisher registry.
Logically Parallel Communication for Fast MPI+Threads Applications

Supercomputing applications are increasingly adopting the MPI+threads programming model over the traditional “MPI everywhere” approach to better handle the disproportionate increase in the number of cores compared with other on-node resources. In practice, however, most applications observe a slower performance with MPI+threads primarily because of poor communication performance. Recent research efforts on MPI libraries address this bottleneck by mapping logically parallel communication, that is, operations that are not subject to MPI’s ordering constraints to the underlying network parallelism. Domain scientists, however, typically do not expose such communication independence information because the existing MPI-3.1 standard’s semantics can be limiting. Researchers had initially proposed user-visible endpoints to combat this issue, but such a solution requires intrusive changes to the standard (new APIs). The upcoming MPI-4.0 standard, on the other hand, allows applications to relax unneeded semantics and provides them with many opportunities to express logical communication parallelism. In this article, we show how MPI+threads applications can achieve high performance with logically parallel communication. Through application case studies, we compare the capabilities of the new MPI-4.0 standard with those of the existing one and user-visible endpoints (upper bound). Logical communication parallelism can boost the overall performance of an application by over 2×.