Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students and their knowledge, attitude and practices about obesity

Background: Overweight and obesity are recognized as an “escalating epidemic” affecting both developed and developing countries. Obesity is associated with a large number of debilitating and life- threatening disorders such as cardiovascular, metabolic and other non-communicable diseases. The childhood roots of adult obesity are widely recognized which calls for health promotion targeted at youth. Objectives: 1) To study the prevalence of obesity among medical students 2) To assess their knowledge, attitude and practices about obesity. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 300 medical students from all batches of MBBS course i.e. Ist, IInd, IIIrd and final MBBS in Feb 2009 to March 2009 in Grant medical college Mumbai. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used as data collection tool and height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Results: Majority (52%) were in the age group of 18-20. 61% were males and 39% were female. 25% (75) were day scholars and 75% were hostellers. When assessed about knowledge about obesity, 100% students scored 50% and above. Majority of them had positive attitude but lack of appropriate behaviour and practices. Prevalence of overweight and obesity according to WHO classification was 14.7% and 3% respectively and according to Asia-Pacific guidelines it was 9.3% and 18.4% respectively. Conclusions: Promotion of daily physical activity in the form of outdoor games, Yoga, walking are recommended. Nutritional education on dietary practices and life style change should be built in as supporting educational activity during student years. Keywords: Obesity, Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, Medical students
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ADHERENCE TO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE TREATMENT AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PERSONS IN A URBAN SLUM AREA OF HYDERABAD

Background: Hypertension is an overwhelming global challenge with high morbidity and mortality rates. Poor adherence is associated with bad outcome of the disease and wastage of healthcare resources. Objective: To assess adherence to antihypertensive therapy and and to assess associated factors for adherence among HTN patients. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 hypertensive patients aged 20years and above residing in Urban Slum area of Hyderabad. The data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire consisting of 3 sections: Section IParticipants general information, Section II-Diagnosis and treatment details of hypertension, and Section III -The 4-item Morisky questionnaire. Results: A total of 220 individuals aged 20 years and above on anti-hypertensive treatment for more than 6 months were interviewed. Better adherence and a statically significant association were found in patient above 60 years of age (67.2%), married people (84.7%), non smokers (74.8%) and non tobacco users (68.9%) and among people consuming 1 tablet a day (67.7%).
What's for breakfast? Nutritional implications of breakfast habits: insights from the NDNS dietary records

Summary Studies suggest that eating breakfast (as opposed to skipping breakfast) has nutrition and health benefits. However, it is not altogether clear whether these benefits are attributes of breakfast as a meal or meals that include breakfast cereals. To explore associations with nutrient intakes according to the type of breakfast chosen, we extracted data on all foods consumed at breakfast time (0600–1000 h) from the individual weighed food records of respondents in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of adults aged 19-to-64-years. Seven days of data were available for each person, giving a total of 12 068 potential breakfast-eating occasions. Our hypotheses were: (1) that adults who skip breakfast have lower-quality diets on that day than those who eat breakfast and (2) that a meal containing breakfast cereal has enhanced nutritional benefits over other types of breakfast. Approximately 1 in 5 adults consumed no solid food between the hours of 0600 and 1000 h, one-third ate a breakfast that included ready-to-eat cereal or porridge, and 45% consumed a non-cereal breakfast. Overall, eating breakfast was associated with a lower fat and higher carbohyrate intake over 24 h compared with breakfast skipping. However, ‘cereal’ breakfasts (containing a ready-to-eat cereal or porridge, usually consumed with milk) were associated with signficantly better macronutrient composition [lower in fat, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) and higher in protein and carbohydrate] compared with other breakfasts. Compared with skipping breakfast, micronutrient intakes were marginally higher on days when non-cereal breakfast was consumed but 30–90% higher on days where cereal was consumed. In terms of public health recommendations, the results suggest that a cereal breakfast should be encouraged as part of a healthy lifestyle not only in helping to meet nutritional guidelines for fat, SFA, NMES and dietary fibre, but just as importantly in enhancing micronutrient intakes. Given the substantial reductions in sodium content achieved by reformulation since 2000, cereal breakfasts are not high in salt. Other studies have generally demonstrated a favourable impact of a breakfast habit on metabolism, body weight and some aspects of cognitive function, and this study further highlights the special significance of breakfast cereal,rather than breakfast as a meal occasion, to help consumers meet nutritional guidelines.
Approximating exit times of continuous Markov processes

The time at which a one-dimensional continuous strong Markov process attains a boundary point of its state space is a discontinuous path functional and it is, therefore, unclear whether the exit time can be approximated by hitting times of approximations of the process. We prove a functional limit theorem for approximating weakly both the paths of the Markov process and its exit times. In contrast to the functional limit theorem in [arXiv:1902.06249v1] for approximating the paths, we impose a stronger assumption here. This is essential, as we present an example showing that the theorem extended with the convergence of the exit times does not hold under the assumption in [arXiv:1902.06249v1]. However, the EMCEL scheme introduced in [arXiv:1902.06249v1] satisfies the assumption of our theorem, and hence we have a scheme capable of approximating both the process and its exit times for every one-dimensional continuous strong Markov process, even with irregular behavior (e.g., a solution of an SDE with irregular coefficients or a Markov process with sticky features). Moreover, our main result can be used to check for some other schemes whether the exit times converge. As an application we verify that the weak Euler scheme is capable of approximating the absorption time of the CEV diffusion and that the scale-transformed weak Euler scheme for a squared Bessel process is capable of approximating the time when the squared Bessel process hits zero.
What happens to the “hand that rocked the cradle”? A study of elderly abuse in India

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the possible causes of elderly abuse in India and its repercussions for the society, based on the real cases and reports. Design/methodology/approach – A multiple case study approach has been used for the study sourced from archival newspaper reports, crime reports, and narration. Findings – Greater vigilance and more effective legislation would be required to solve the problem related to elder abuse. Originality/value – There is not much study of causes, consequences, effectiveness of the legal system with respect to elderly abuse in India. In that way, it will be a unique contribution.
SSA-GAN: Cloud Video Generation from a Single Image with Spatial Self-Attention Generative Adversarial Networks

We usually predict how objects will move in the near future in our daily lives. However, how do we predict? In this paper, to address this problem, we propose a GAN-based network to predict the near future for fluid object domains such as a cloud scene. Our model takes one frame and is able to predict future frames. Inspired by the self-attention mechanism [15], we propose introducing the spatial selfattention mechanism into the model. The self-attention mechanism calculates the reaction at a certain position as a weighted sum of the features at all positions, which enables us to learn the model efficiently in one-stage learning. In the experiment, both quantitative and qualitative evaluation show that our model is comparable compared with the state-of-the-art method which performs two-stage learning.
An evaluation of panoramic radiograph to assess mandibular asymmetry as compared to posteroanterior cephalogram

Aim and Objectives: To assess the reliability of orthopantomograms (OPGs) in detecting facial asymmetry. Materials and Methods: The OPGs and posteroanterior cephalograms for 10 patients with facial asymmetry were obtained from the outpatient department of the dental college. These radiographs were traced and analyzed. Six measurements (four linear and two angular measurements) were made on both sides. Asymmetry was defined by subtracting the right and the left side measurements. The differences from OPG were compared to those obtained from posteroanterior cephalograms. The kappa statistics and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to calculate the differences. Results: The ICC was calculated between OPGs and posteroanterior cephalograms difference measurements. The class interval for all measurements was noted between 0.61 and 0.84. The ICC was 0.7861, which shows strong correlation between the values (P < 0.0005) by probability 10−5 , within 95%, coefficient correlation lies between 0.61 and 0.84. Kappa test gives a value of 0.64, which shows strong agreement between the measurements. Conclusion: Individually, the measurements from OPGs may not be reliable but the obtained difference between the values of the OPGs and the posteroanterior cephalograms are comparable in nature and show strong correlation and can be used to detect facial asymmetry.
The Completeness of Patient Satisfaction Questionnaires of Emergency Departments: A Literature Review Approach

Objective. The questionnaire is the most common method to evaluate patients' satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to use literature reviewed data to investigate the factors affecting patients' satisfaction in the ED and to assess the completeness and quality of patients' satisfaction questionnaires in emergency departments in Taiwan. Methods. The PubMed database was searched for studies addressing ”patient satisfaction” and ”emergency department (ED)” in title or abstract from Janunary 1990 toJuly 2002. The studies which focused on the factors of patient satisfaction of ED were selected. The factors related to patients' satisfaction from these papers were classified into uncontrollable and controllable factors. Patients' satisfaction questionnaires used at emergency departments in Taiwan in 2002 were also collected. Results. Thirty four papers associated with ED satisfaction with service and patient factors were evaluated and included in analysis. Of the 16 factors extracted from the 11 papers, the most important factors affecting patient satisfaction in the ED were background (7/16), age (5/16), illness severity (2/16) and gender (2/16). Of the 52 factors extracted from the 29 papers, the most important affecting patients' satisfaction in the ED were communication (18/52), process (15/52), attitude (10/52), ability (6/52) and environment (3/52). Forty-two of the 67 hospitals' ED satisfaction questionnaires (63%) were collected. In the patients' satisfaction questionnaires of ED in Taiwan, the most common lacking question items were background for uncontrollable factors and communication for controllable factors. Conclusions. Based on the literature reviewed, there is much variatoin in patient satisfaction questionnaire design in ED in many of Taiwan's hospitals. Many questionnaires need futher revission to improve the surveillance of EDs' patients' satisfaction.
The Vibrio cholerae Cytotoxin (VCC) Simultaneously Activates Responses of Death, Inflammation (NF-κB) and Survival (AP-1) through the MAPK Signaling in Human Macrophages THP-1

The human innate immune response to the pore-forming toxin of Vibrio cholerae VCC, is currently under study. Here, in vitro studies on a human macrophage cell line (THP-1), helped explore the activated pathways involved on the onset the innate immune response towards the cytotoxin. The secreted monomeric 65 KDa form interacts with mature macrophages in pg/ml concentrations, determined by dose response experiments after treatments under 1 h. Non vacuolating concentrations (pg/ml) were applied to the cells; immunoblots revealed activation of MAPKs: early overexpression of p38 and ERK. Cell lysis by release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was not apparent in the first hour, nonetheless it was positive after 24 h. Finally, to discern whether the VCC stimulates transcriptional activators via MAPKs pathway, NF-κB and AP-1 were studied by real time quantitation. Increased expression of p50 (NF-κB), cJun and cFos (AP-1) was observed. Given that NF-κB is the transcription factor initiating inflammation of innate immune response and in turn, AP-1 is responsible for cell surviving response, results from this study lead us to conclude that VCC in vitro treatments, induce a pro-inflammatory and a surviving response, in less than one hour on activated macrophages.
INDUSTRY 4.0 READINESS ASSESSMENT FOR SOUTH AFRICAN INDUSTRIES

Technological advancements related to the fourth industrial revolution are causing disruptive changes that are widely felt at national, industry, and company level. Industry 4.0, an initiative driving the fourth industrial revolution, is happening at an exponential speed, and embracing and adopting it is unavoidable for survival and competiveness. Although noticeable progress has been made in the use of Industry 4.0 technologies, systems, and processes in developed countries, there is uncertainty about the preparedness of businesses and industries in developing countries, including South Africa, to adopt Industry 4.0. The purpose of this research paper is to explore the readiness of South African industry in this regard. A questionnaire instrument with quantitative criteria compiled by the Impulse Foundation of Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau was used in this study. The exploratory study revealed that South African industry is faced with significant challenges in Industry 4.0 strategy formulation and equipment infrastructure to support Industry 4.0 requirements. The assessment pointed out that Industry 4.0 skills exist in pockets in South Africa, and so a further study to reveal more detail on Industry 4.0 skills requirements is essential.
Viscous film-flow coating the interior of a vertical tube. Part 2. Air-driven flow

The flow of a viscous liquid film coating the interior of a vertical tube is studied for the case when the film is driven upwards against gravity by a constant volume flux of air through the centre of the tube. A nonlinear model exploiting the slowly varying liquid–air interface is first developed to estimate the interfacial stresses created by the airflow. A comparison of the model with both experiments and previously developed theoretical results is conducted for two geometrical settings: channel and pipe flow. In both geometries, the model compares reasonably well with previous experiments. A long-wave asymptotic theory is then developed for the air–liquid interface taking into account the estimated free-surface stresses created by the airflow. The stability of small interfacial disturbances is studied analytically, and it is shown that the modelled free-surface stresses contribute to both an increased upwards disturbance velocity and a more rapid instability growth than those of a previously developed ‘locally Poiseuille’ model. Numerical solutions to the long-wave model exhibit saturated waves, whose profiles and velocities show substantial improvement with respect to the previous model predictions. The theoretical results are compared with new experiments for a modified version of the set-up described in Part 1.
Changes in chlorophyll concentration and phenology in the North Sea in relation to de‐eutrophication and sea surface warming

At least two major drivers of phytoplankton production have changed in recent decades in the North Sea: sea surface temperature (SST) has increased by ~ 1.6°C between 1988 and 2014, and the nitrogen and phosphorus loads from surrounding rivers have decreased from the mid‐1980s onward, following reduction policies. Long time series spanning four decades (1975–2015) of nutrients, chlorophyll (Chl), and pH measurements in the Southern and Central North Sea were analyzed to assess the impact of both the warming and the de‐eutrophication trends on Chl. The de‐eutrophication process, detectable in the reduction of nutrient river loads to the sea, caused a decrease of nutrient concentrations in coastal waters under riverine influence. A decline in annual mean Chl was observed at 11 out of 18 sampling sites (coastal and offshore) in the period 1988–2016. Also, a shift in Chl phenology was observed around 2000, with spring bloom formation occurring earlier in the year. A long time series of pH in the Southern North Sea showed an increase until the mid‐1980s followed by a rapid decrease, suggesting changes in phytoplankton production that would support the observed changes in Chl. Linear correlations, however, did not reveal significant relationships between Chl variability and winter nutrients or SST at the sampling sites. We propose that the observed changes in Chl (annual or seasonal) around 2000 are a response of phytoplankton dynamics to multiple stressors, directly or indirectly influenced by de‐eutrophication and climate warming.
Methodological Perspectives on Second Language Prosody

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role played by prosody in the perception of foreign accent. The hypotheses are the following: English native listeners (ENL) can still detect foreign accent when most of the segmental information is removed; intonation will be the strongest prosodic cue; ENL will still detect foreign accent using prosodic temporal cues even when segmental information is removed and intonation is monotonized; ENL will encounter difficulties in recognizing native speakers when segmental information is preserved and intonation monotonized. The hypotheses were tested in a perceptual experiment conducted on 10 ENL. The stimuli were selected from samples of read speech elicited from two groups: Italian and English native speakers. Three digital manipulations were applied: delexicalization with PURR filtering (Sonntag & Portele 1998); a combination of PURR filtering and f0 monotonization, and f0 monotonization alone. The results show that listeners can detect foreign accent even when presented with stimuli stripped from most of their segmental information. In addition intonation proves to be the strongest prosodic cue, but the prosodic cues of a temporal nature (i.e. rhythm and speech rate) also play an important role in accent detection. The results also show that the ability to detect foreign accent is hindered when intonation is monotonized. This finding can be seen as perceptual evidence in support of the possible indication coming from production studies reporting that English L2 intonation tends to be flatter than the native one.
An exploration of life experiences during Study Abroad: A case study of bilingual students and their process of intercultural adaptation

This qualitative case study investigates intercultural adaptation during a study abroad (SA) of undergraduate bilingual Catalan/Spanish students, focusing specifically on life experiences which resulted in inflection points in that process of adaptation. Data were collected through a pre-departure questionnaire, individual interviews conducted before and after SA, and narrative diaries collected during the sojourn. The results point to the complexity and the nuances of the adaptation process, the diversity of life experiences that may affect adaptation (Bennett 1993) and the need to expand existing explanatory theoretical models.
Accounting choices in a Dutch not-for-profit setting: Incentives and reporting quality

Research indicates that hospitals manage their earnings. However, these findings might be influenced by methodological issues. In this study, I exploit specific features of Dutch hospitals to study income smoothing while limiting these methodological issues. The managers of Dutch hospitals have the opportunity not only to postpone revenues to future periods but also to choose the moment of recognition of the postponed revenue. These postponements and recognitions can be positive as well as negative and have to be disclosed in hospitals’ financial statements. I show that the patterns found with respect to postponing revenue and the recognition of postponed revenue are consistent with the expectation that hospitals attempt to smooth their income. 12 This chapter is based on Boterenbrood, R. (2014). Income smoothing by Dutch hospitals. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 33 (5), 510-524.
Effects of Huangban Bianxing One decoction combined with ranibizumab on treating exudative age-related macular degeneration.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine formula Huangban Bianxing One decoction (HBOD) combined with ranibizumab for treating exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients. METHODS Totally 75 cases with exudative AMD (75 eyes) were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into two groups to receive either HBOD with ranibizumab or only ranibizumab. Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) letters for the best corrected visual acuity, center macular thickness (CMT), height of the lesion, fundus hemorrhage area, fundus fluorescein leakage area as the main outcomes and safety indexes were estimated and compared before and after treatment for 3 or 6 months. RESULTS Comparing with the before treatment, ETDRS letter scores of both groups after treatment at month 3 obtained a greater improvement (P < 0.05), but the significant improvement only existed in the HBOD+ranibizumab group at month 6 (P < 0.01), and better than the ranibizumab group (P < 0.05). At month 3, the CMT and lesion height of both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) and the HBOD + ranibizumab group had a similar result at month 6 (P < 0.01). The hemorrhage area and fluorescein leakage area of the HBOD+ranibizumab group were also significantly reduced and also smaller than those of the ranibizumab group at month 6 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). During treatment, no significant adverse events relating to HBOD or ranibizumab treatment were elucidated. CONCLUSION HBOD combined with ranibizumab can improve visual acuity and reduce hemorrhage and fluorescein leakage of patients with exudative AMD. These results also indicated that HBOD may function as an effective and safe adjuvant drug for exudative AMD.