Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF POROSITY ON GLASS TRANSITION MEASUREMENT

ABSTRACT Texture is considered a key quality parameter determining the acceptability of many porous foods. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) is commonly employed in food and polymer science research as a means of measuring the glass transition (Tg) of materials. In the field of food science, Tg measurements have been used to characterize the textural changes of food materials. However the effect of sample porosity and different sample preparation techniques on Tg measurement using a DMTA have not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to compare Tg measurements of identical materials varying only with porosity and to examine the effect of sample preparation technique on Tg measurements. Both starch based extrudates and synthetic polymers with different porosities were tested with DMTA. For comparison, representative samples from the porous specimens were obtained and subjected to one of three methods of Tg determination: 1) ground into a powder and compressed into tablets for testing with DMTA, 2) ground into a powder and tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and 3) ground into a powder and tested by controlled strain rheometry. Porosity was observed to affect the measurement of the glass transition using DMTA. The extrudate samples containing the lowest porosity exhibited a Tg range 22°C lower than the extrudate samples with the highest porosity. Also, the polymer samples with the lowest porosity showed a Tg range 20°C lower than the polymer samples with the highest porosity. The tablets (no pores) did not show any significant difference in Tg as measured by DMTA nor did the ground samples (no pores) measured by DSC and controlled strain rheometry. This study shows that porosity of the sample affects Tg measurement. Care should be taken when reporting Tg values as porosity may introduce an artifact in Tg measurements using DMTA.
Evaluation of physiological changes and therapeutic approaches of hypertension in pregnancy

There are various physiological and pharmacokinetic changes occur in pregnancy to nurture the developing foetus, avoid toxicities, resistance to infections and prepare the mother for labour and delivery. Some of these changes influence normal biochemical values while others may mimic symptoms of medical disease and alter the kinetic parameters of the drugs. It is important to differentiate between normal physiological changes and disease pathology. This article highlights the important changes that take place during normal pregnancy, development of common conditions and pharmacokinetic variations. This review also will describe basic concepts in pharmacokinetics and their clinical relevance and highlight the variations in pregnancy that may impact the pharmacokinetic properties of medications, different treatment approaches, contraindications and drugs used in pregnancy Key words: Physiological changes in pregnancy, Hypertension, pregnancy disorders.
Nanoporous structured Sn‐MWCNT/Cu electrodes fabricated by electrodeposition–chemical dezincification for catalytic CO2 reduction

A facile method is developed to fabricate nanoporous, structured, Sn‐based catalyst electrodes. Sn, Zn, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are co‐electrodeposited on a copper substrate, followed by chemical dezincification in NaOH aqueous solution to remove Zn. By controlling variables such as the contents of Zn and MWCNTs, a series of Sn‐MWCNT/Cu (SZMC) electrodes are fabricated. Experimental results show that using such novel SZMC electrodes can achieve a HCOO− Faradaic efficiency of over 91% at −0.99 V versus RHE for 10 hours in CO2‐saturated 0.5 M KHCO3 aqueous solution. The high performance is attributed to the addition of MWCNTs and Zn, followed by chemical dezincification to remove Zn and then create vacancies in the catalyst structure, which results in a special porous structure of SZMC with large surface area. Then ECSA is used for enhancing the catalytic activity and selectivity of HCOO− production, as well as promoting intermediate adsorption and mass transfer.
Translanguaging as an Instructional Strategy in Adult ESL Classroom

The use of the first language (L1) in adult second (L2/SL) or foreign language (FL) classrooms has always been a bone of contention over the past few decades. Many are in favor of L1 use terming it as constructive and facilitating for language learning while some disapprove that practice and identify it as a hindrance to the teaching and learning of a language. Of late, the concept of translanguaging has added a new dimension to this long-standing debate of using L1 in teaching/learning L2 since it basically insists on viewing languages as a single unitary system as opposed to the traditional linguistic perception of L1 versus L2. However, there have only been a very few studies on translanguaging with particular emphasis and attention given to ESL/EFL adults at the college/university level. This research study thus attempts to shed light on the theoretical underpinnings of this L1-L2 dichotomy and discuss how translanguaging differs from the customary notion of using L1 in the adult L2 classroom. This study uses a qualitative research method that exclusively uses the relevant secondary references/works available on the topic. The results demonstrated that both translanguaging and the notion of L1use in the L2 classroom are pedagogically similar as both allow the use of L1 in L2 classrooms at varying degrees though theoretically, they are different.
Learning before and during the COVID-19 outbreak: a comparative analysis of crisis learning in South Korea and the US

ABSTRACT Learning is imperative in government responses to crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines the South Korean and United States governments’ responses to COVID-19 from a comparative perspective. The analysis focuses on crisis learning conducted before and during the COVID-19 outbreak, using the conceptual categories of intercrisis/intracrisis learning and single-/double-loop learning. The findings suggest that double-loop, intercrisis learning allows for more effective crisis management by (re)developing a common operating framework. The efficacy of learning is enhanced when double-loop learning is followed by single-loop learning that embeds new structures and operational procedures. The findings also suggest that intercrisis learning facilitates intracrisis learning and that political support is critical for inducing crisis learning. The paper concludes with theoretical and practical implications for crisis learning.
Usefulness of laparoscopic restaging surgery for patients diagnosed with apparent early ovarian/fallopian tubal cancer by a prior surgery, a case control observational study in a single institute in Japan

1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Address: 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen’s Hospital, Address: 1-1 Mitsuzawa-nishi-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-0855, Kanagawa, Japan 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Address: 2-8-1 Yotsui, 910-8526, Fukui, Japan
Abundance of an invasive bivalve,
 Corbicula fluminea
 , is negatively related to growth of freshwater mussels in the wild

Freshwater mussels (Order Unionoida) once dominated benthic biomass in many streams worldwide, but they are now among the most imperilled organisms on Earth (Lopes-Lima et al., 2017; Strayer et al., 2004). In the 1970s, entire mussel assemblages began to disappear rapidly in U.S.A. streams, and these declines continue across a large area (Haag, 2019). These declines are enigmatic because clear causes are not evident and other components of aquatic communities are relatively unaffected. Several anthropogenic sources of water pollution are proposed causes of mussel declines (e.g. ammonia, coal mining; Wang et al., 2007; Zipper et al., 2016). However, Received: 26 May 2020 | Revised: 18 August 2020 | Accepted: 15 October 2020 DOI: 10.1111/fwb.13651
When enough is enough: Investigating the antecedents and consequences of information security fatigue

Despite concerns raised by practitioners, the potential downside of the information security demands imposed by organizations on their employees has received limited scholarly attention. Our research focuses on information security fatigue (hereafter security fatigue), which is defined as a socio‐emotional state experienced by an individual who is tired of and disillusioned with security policies and their associated guidelines and procedures. This research delves into the security fatigue concept, investigates its antecedents and reports how fatigue affects employee security policy compliance (and non‐compliance). Since security fatigue is not well articulated in the literature and there is limited understanding of its antecedents and consequences, we take a research approach that affords novel insight into this phenomenon. Specifically, we conduct 38 in‐depth interviews with business and IT professionals, and then use a qualitative approach to construct a model, including seven research propositions, to highlight the key aspects of security fatigue. Our results indicate that four distinct antecedents contribute to security fatigue, which result in three unique consequences. We discuss security fatigue in relation to past theoretical views and related concepts within the security policy compliance literature and identify directions for future research.
Blind to the future: Exploring the contingent effect of managerial hubris on strategic foresight

Extending research on the role of managerial cognition in strategic decision-making, in this study, we examine the relationship between managerial hubris and strategic foresight. Building on the information-processing model, we argue that managerial hubris leads to a reduced level of strategic foresight due to biases in attending to information as well as encoding and processing information. We further argue that R&D capability moderates the impact in ways depending on the levels of R&D human and physical capital resources available. Furthermore, industry concentration weakens the main negative impact. Using a new and unique two-wave survey of about 500 firms across provinces of China, in combination with an archival data set, we find general support for our propositions in two studies. Our research has important implications for understanding the role of cognitive biases in managerial decision-making in strategic management.
Biogeographic mechanisms involved in the colonization of Madagascar by African vertebrates: Rifting, rafting and runways

For 80 years, popular opinion has held that most of Madagascar's terrestrial vertebrates arrived from Africa by transoceanic dispersal (i.e. rafting or swimming). We reviewed this proposition, focussing on three ad hoc hypotheses proposed to render this unlikely scenario more feasible: (a) Could hibernation have helped mammals to reach Madagascar? (b) Could the aquatic abilities of hippopotamuses have enabled them to swim the Mozambique Channel? (c) How valid is the Ali‐Huber model predicting that eastward Palaeogene surface currents allowed rafts to reach Madagascar in 3–4 weeks? Finally, we explored the alternative hypothesis of geodispersal via short‐lived land bridges between Africa and Madagascar.
Kard: lightweight data race detection with per-thread memory protection

Finding data race bugs in multi-threaded programs has proven challenging. A promising direction is to use dynamic detectors that monitor the program’s execution for data races. However, despite extensive work on dynamic data race detection, most proposed systems for commodity hardware incur prohibitive overheads due to expensive compiler instrumentation of memory accesses; hence, they are not efficient enough to be used in all development and testing settings. KARD is a lightweight system that dynamically detects data races caused by inconsistent lock usage—when a program concurrently accesses the same memory object using different locks or only some of the concurrent accesses are synchronized using a common lock. Unlike existing detectors, KARD does not monitor memory accesses using expensive compiler instrumentation. Instead, KARD leverages commodity per-thread memory protection, Intel Memory Protection Keys (MPK). Using MPK, KARD ensures that a shared object is only accessible to a single thread in its critical section, and captures all violating accesses from other concurrent threads. KARD overcomes various limitations of MPK by introducing key-enforced race detection, employing consolidated unique page allocation, carefully managing protection keys, and automatically pruning out non-racy or redundant violations. Our evaluation shows that KARD detects all data races caused by inconsistent lock usage and has a low geometric mean execution time overhead: 7.0% on PARSEC and SPLASH-2x benchmarks and 5.3% on a set of real-world applications (NGINX, memcached, pigz, and Aget).
Mathematical modelling of tube heat exchangers with complex flow arrangement

General principles of mathematical modelling of transient heat transfer in cross-flow tube heat exchangers with complex flow arrangements which allow a simulation of multipass heat exchangers with many tube rows are presented. First, a system of differential equations for the transient temperature of both fluids and the tube wall with appropriate boundary and initial conditions is formulated. Two methods for modelling heat exchangers are developed using the finite difference method and finite volume method. A numerical model of multipass steam superheater with twelve passes is presented. The calculation results are compared with the experimental data.
When the ethnic cleavage overshadows the class cleavage in a post-communist country and why we should care?

ABSTRACT There is a theoretical assumption that post-communist cofmanifesuntries would follow the Lipset and Rokkan’s seminal model regarding electoral cleavages and thus class cleavage would become dominant in those countries as in the West. In this respect the post-communist Estonia is considered an interesting case. On the one hand, there are many enabling preconditions which should promote the class cleavage (e.g. the level of socio-economic development, high social inequality). But on the other hand, a large Russian-speaking minority resides in the country. Nevertheless, the article poses a hypothesis that class cleavage has become more pronounced during the recent decade. The current analysis applies quantitative research methodology while using the data from the Estonian National Election Studies. The results of the analysis show that the ethnic cleavage persistently overshadows the class cleavage and the trend has become even more accentuated during the recent decade. The authors briefly consider alternative explanations for the dominance of ethnic cleavage. They claim that Estonia could be regarded as a critical case because if the class cleavage is not about to rise in one of the most advanced democracies in CEE, it allows the raising of broader questions about the future of class politics.
Effect Of Leadership Style On Working Culture And Employees Motivation

Based on a recent call for further research. This study is expected to quantify the impact of rational-legal, traditional, charismatic leadership style on employee's motivation and working culture. Using the survey method data was collected from 215 employees, and 15 leaders. The underpinning objective of the current study is to test the underpinning theory. The response rate was observed by 55% using the simple random sampling technique. The findings of current study indicate a positive and significant role of leaders on the working culture and employee’s motivation. Results further show that the study's five variables had played a significant role, and the results have some practical implications for Employees, Leaders, HRM departments, and organizations.
Game domination numbers of a disjoint union of chains and cycles of complete graphs

: The domination game played on a graph G consists of two players, Dominator and Staller , who alternate taking turns choosing a vertex from G such that whenever a vertex is chosen, at least one additional vertex is dominated. Playing a vertex will make all vertices in its closed neighborhood dominated. The game ends when all vertices are dominated i.e. the chosen vertices form a dominating set. Dominator’s goal is to finish the game as soon as possible, and Staller’s goal is to prolong it as much as possible. The game domination number is the total number of chosen vertices after the game ends when Dominator and Staller play the game by using optimal strategies. In this paper, we determine the game domination numbers of a disjoint union of chains and cycles of complete graphs together with optimal strategies for Dominator and Staller.
An Investigation of Potential Leadership and Innovation Skills of University Students

The leadership characteristics and innovation skills of university students are of great importance in order to increase the quality of education in universities and to ensure academic development, change and renewal. This study aimed to investigate the potential leadership and innovation skills of university students with a correlational approach. Therefore, the leadership characteristics and innovation skills of university students were examined based on the variables of gender, year of study and academic career expectations through a descriptive survey design. The participants of this study consist of 343 students studying at 2 state universities in Konya. Personal information form, potential leadership scale and innovation scale were used to collect data. The results of the research showed that there were significant differences in terms of potential leadership characteristics and innovation skills of university students by gender, year of study and academic career expectations. In addition, the potential leadership characteristics of the participants significantly predicted their innovation skills.
Before and after the Quarantine: An Approximate Study on the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on the Italian Population during the Lockdown Period

COVID-19 (Corona-Virus Disease 2019) in Italy and the measures that were adopted to contain its diffusion had a strong impact on people’s quality of life and mental health. The objective of the study was to quantify the psychological impact of the lockdown period on the general Italian population during the two weeks when the COVID-19 emergency in Italy was at its peak. The study (1556 adults) was conducted from April 6th to April 12th, 2020. A survey was developed through Google Forms in order to assess different psychological measures (Self Efficacy, Locus of Control, Social Connectedness, Sense of Virtual Community, Flourishing, Positive and Negative Affect, Life Satisfaction, and Risk Propensity). The results were then compared to reference data. Thelockdown period increased arousal mainly for negative emotions, but also for positive emotions, and quality of life seemed to be reduced. From a psychosocial point of view, while social connectedness has decreased during lockdown, probably because of isolation and social distancing, the virtual social community seemed to increase in the same period. Interestingly, we revealed how self efficacy increased during the lockdown period, and, at the same time, the Locus of control appeared as externalized, and the risk propensity as reduced. The results are discussed considering previous literature, and a coherent theoretical framework is proposed in order to refine the forecasting model for the psychological impact of the lockdown.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN PEMBERIAN INSENTIF TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI ELLENA SKIN CARE SOLO

Business opportunities for the world beauty business leaders, especially beauty clinics, the high need for beauty care makes a business opportunity for them. Beauty clinics compete with each other to show their competitive advantage through creative, innovative efforts, work effectively and efficiently so that the products and services they produce become choices for many customers. Based on the problem identification and problem limitation in this study, the problem was formulated whether the training and incentive had an effect on the performance of employees at Ellena Skin Care Solo? This type of research based on its approach is quantitative research. This study uses a correlational design that is the relationship between independent variables X1, and X2 on the dependent variable Y. The population of this study is all employees of Ellena Skin Care Solo. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling, so the number of samples taken in this study were 30 respondents. This study uses a multiple linear regression data analysis approach. Based on the results of the study it is known that job training has a significant effect on employee performance, this is because Ellena Skin Care Solo is a company engaged in body and facial care services, so that every employee who works at Ellena Skin Care Solo always gets job training to provide supplies skills for employees in providing services to customers, so H1 is accepted. Incentives do not significantly influence the performance of Ellena Skin Care Solo employees, this is due to get incentives, employees are required to work with extra time or a larger portion of work, this is considered to provide incentives only as a substitute for fatigue, so H2 is rejected. Keywords : training, incentives, employee performance, Ellena Skin Care
Capture method affects survival estimates and subsequent interpretation of ecological covariates for a long‐lived cervid

Abstract Understanding what variables affect ungulate neonate survival is imperative to successful conservation and management of the species. Predation is commonly cited as a cause‐specific source of mortality, and ecological covariates often influence neonate survival. However, variation in survival estimates related to capture methodology has been documented with opportunistically captured neonates generally displaying greater survival than those captured via aid of vaginal implant transmitters (VITs), likely because of increased left truncation observed in the opportunistically captured datasets. Our goal was to assess whether 3‐ and 6‐month survival estimates varied by capture method while simultaneously assessing whether capture method affected model selection and interpretation of ecological covariates for white‐tailed deer neonates captured from three study sites from 2014 to 2015 in North Dakota and South Dakota, USA. We found survival varied by capture method for 3‐month neonate survival with opportunistically captured neonates displaying up to 26% greater survival than their counterparts captured via VITs; however, this relationship was not present for 6‐month survival. We also found model selection and subsequent interpretation of ecological covariates varied when analyzing datasets comprised of neonates captured via VITs, neonates captured opportunistically, and all neonates combined regardless of capture method. When interpreting results from our VIT‐only analysis for 3‐month survival, we found survival varied by three time intervals and was lowest in the first two weeks of life. Capture method did not affect 6‐month survival, which was most influenced by total precipitation occurring during 3 – 8 weeks of a neonate's life and percent canopy cover found at a neonate's capture site. Our results support previous research that capture method must be accounted for when deriving survival estimates for ungulate neonates as it can impact derived estimates and subsequent interpretation of results.