Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dynamic Effects of Recycling on Oligopoly Competition: Evidence from the US Paper Industry

When consumers recycle a good, the future supply of intermediate inputs increases. If some of the inputs are used to manufacture a good that competes with the original good, the initial seller faces an incentive to reduce its supply to limit this source of future competition. I illustrate the incentive in a model of dynamic oligopoly, and test the predictions using novel data from the US paper industry between 1973 and 1993. I find that firms decrease quantity in response to policy changes that increase competition from firms using the recycled input. I then use the model to illustrate two implications: (i) horizontal mergers let firms internalize effects on future competition, resulting in a greater supply reduction post-merger, and (ii) policies designed to shift production to environmentally friendly firms are undercut by countervailing supply incentives. I also show that using measures of concentration to infer the exercise of market power will lead to antitrust authorities to underestimate both current market power, and the exercise of market power post-merger. JEL Codes: L13, L14, L41, L73, Q21, Q23
The Effect of Working Capital on the Profitability in Property and Real Estate Companies Listed on The Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX)

This research aims to review the influence of working capital on profitability in the property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) by using secondary data. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The number of samples in this study were 230 observations (46 companies with 5 years of research). The data analysis method used is ordinary least square (OLS) analysis assisted by SPSS 16. This study adds control variables to measure the resilience of variable relationships. The results of the study concluded that the working capital variable measured using cash management or cash conversion cycle (CCC) had a positive and insignificant effect on profitability using the control variable. Working capital variables measured using receivable management (receivable collection period) have a negative and significant effect on profitability using control variables. The working capital variable measured using inventory management (inventory conversion period) has no effect on profitability using the control variable. Working capital variables measured using debt management (account payable period) have a negative and significant effect on profitability using control variables.
A CRITICAL APPRAISAL STUDY ON HOW MEDICAL SCHOOLS DIFFER FROM TEACHING HOSPITALS

Teaching hospitals are considered more crucial in the healthcare system, as these hospitals deal with medical education, research, and patient care. Besides, medical schools are usually affiliated with these hospitals to handle their students during the course and training period. Hence, this study discussed the order of teaching hospitals and revealed the difference between the medical school and teaching hospital. The features of university hospitals, academic medical centers, academic health centers, and affiliated teaching hospitals were described. It is observed that the medical school differ from the teaching hospital concerning the structure and culture. A medical school needs a hospital to educate its students, perform medical research, and offer its clinical workforce to practice medicine. However, a teaching hospital focuses on high-quality patient care and patient satisfaction. Conversely, the association among medical schools and their teaching hospitals embraces a complex and variable mixture of monopoly and monopsony power. Such an association has not yet ethically studied. There is a need for the significant effort from the nation’s medical schools and teaching hospitals towards the development of academic medicine since it involves in creating future physicians and innovations, and delivering effective patient care.
Capillary Gas Chromatography를 이용한 비휘발성 유기산 분석

Capillary column을 부착한 GC를 사용하여 비휘발성 유기산의 분석조건을 구명하기 위해 시료 전처리 과정중의 에스테르 반응온도, 반응시간, BF₃/MeOH의 첨가량 및 수분의 존재에 따른 반응율을 측정하여 최적조건을 설정하였다. lactic, oxalic, fumaric. succinic, maleic 및 citric acid 등 주요 비휘발성 유기산의 최적 반응조건을 검토한 결과 반응온도는 60℃ 반응시간은 25분, BF₃/MeOH의 첨가량은 2ml로 처리하는 것이 전체적으로 가장 높은 에스테르 화율을 나타냈고 반응계에 함유된 수분이 에스테르 반응에 큰 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 유기산의 함량을 달리하여 methyl ester화 되는 검량곡선을 구한 결과 상관관계가 매우 높은 직선식으로 나타났다.
Second Language Learners' Theories on the Use of English Articles: An Analysis of the Metalinguistic Knowledge Used by Japanese Students in Acquiring the English Article System

Although it is well known that many second language (L2) learners have trouble using articles “properly,” the primary causes of their difficulties remain unclear. This study addresses this problem by examining the metalinguistic knowledge of the English article system that learners employ when selecting articles in a given situation. By doing this, the present study attempts to better understand the process of “making sense” of the English article system by learners who are at different stages in their interlanguage development. Eighty Japanese college students with varying levels of English proficiency participated in this study. Immediately after completing a fill-in-thearticle test, a structured interview was conducted to investigate the reasons for their article choices. The quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal a number of conceptual differences with regard to their considerations of the hearer’s knowledge, specific reference, and countability, which may account for learners’ errors in article use across different proficiency groups.
Optimizing the food guide pyramid to increase fat oxidation in young adult men

INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW The Glycemic Index Factors Affecting Glycemic Responses Other Sources of Variability of the Glycemic Index Glycemic Responses to Mixed Meals Physiologic Parameters Influenced by the Glycemic Index Physiologic Effects during Exercise Related to Glycemic Index Literature Cited INCREASE FAT OXIDATION IN YOUNG ADULT MEN BY OPTIMIZING DIETS Abstract Introduction Subjects and Methods Results Discussion References SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK APPENDIX Test Meals In the Experiment Literature Cited lV 1 4 4 5 10 13 14 17 18 24 24 25 26 30 33 38 50 59 59 63
Employee’s Market Orientation Behavior and Firm’s Internal Marketing Mechanism: A Multilevel Perspective of Job Performance Theory

The competition in today’s market is increasingly intensive. Employees’ market orientation behavior (MOB) is crucial for a firm to respond to market changes and attain its business performance goal. Moreover, a firm must exercise the internal marketing mechanism (IMM) to prepare employees for providing superior service to satisfy internal and external customers’ needs. This study aims to examine how the IMM works with knowledge integration (KI), relationship quality (RQ), relational bond (RB), and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) to influence MOB. A total of 471 valid responses from employees of 47 banks were collected. The Hierarchical Linear Model is used to analyze the IMM’s effects (as the organizational-level variable) on MOB (as the outcome variables) and the relationships between the other variables (as the individual-level variables) and MOB. The results show that all predictor variables have significant and direct effects on MOB. The IMM’s moderating effects are significant when it interacts with OCB and RB, but not RQ. The negative interaction effect of IMM and OCB offers a caveat to corporate management in balancing OCB activities among the employees.
PULMONARY STRONGYLIDOSIS OF SMALL RUMINANTS IN SERBIA

In pasture breed condition helminth infection are common especially during late spring and autumn months. Research of goats and sheep parasites was made systematically last 10 years in Serbia. Most of the research related to gastrontestinal and something less about lung helminth infection. The research was carried out on several locations in Serbia in the period and included goat and sheep herds in the area of carried out in north, northeast, eastern, southern and south-eastern part of Serbia and at Belgrade area. We examined fecal samples using the Berman method. Slaughtered or dead animals we examined by necropsy and adult parasites separated from the lung section. Determination of adult and larval stage of parasites was based on the morphological characteristics. During our examination most abundant species was Dictyocaulus filaria, followed by Protostrongylus rufescens, Cystocaulus nigrescens and Muellerius capillaris.
The Influence of Post Millennial Generation Behavior on Travel Intention to the Ecotourism During the 5th Phase of New Normal or COVID-19 in Indonesia

The countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are one of the main tourist destinations in the world. Indonesia became the fourth country in ASEAN with the highest number of arrivals. The existence of COVID19 pandemic has a direct impact on Indonesia's tourism sector. The respondent of this research is millennial and post millennial. This study determines to found out the correlation of pandemic COVID-19 with the intention to travel from these two generations. This research examines the influence of perceived travel risk, travel motivation, and affect toward travel intention in ecotourism are for millennial traveller during the new normal phase five. This study is using quantitative methods and collecting data from 334 respondents that represents the sample criteria. These research findings only confirmed that only one of perceived risk dimensions or safety risk has significant effect on travel intention in ecotourism area during the new normal phase five. In addition, the level of negative affect and the level of positive affect had the positive effect on travel motivation. Finally, travel motivation can positively influence the travel intention in ecotourism area.
Enhancedprediction for discrete-time input-delayed systems withunknowndisturbances ?

This paper deals with the problem of predicting the future state of discrete-time input-delayed systems in the presence of unknown disturbances that can affect both the input and the output equations of the plant. Since the disturbance is unknown, an exact prediction of the plant states is not feasible. We propose the use of a high-order extended Luenberger-type observer for the plant states, disturbances, and their finite difference variables. Then, a new method for computation of the prediction is proposed which, under certain assumptions, allows for enhanced prediction and consequently improved attenuation of the unknown disturbances. Detailed analysis of the performance of the proposed scheme is carried out, while linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are used for the observer design in order to mitigate the prediction errors.
The Effect of Concealed-Carry and Handgun Restrictions on Gun-Related Deaths: Evidence from the Sullivan Act of 1911

The 1911 NY State Sullivan Act (SA) outlawed carrying concealable firearms without a licence, established strict licencing rules, and regulated the sale and possession of handguns. We analyse the effects of the SA using historical data on mortality rates, pistol permits, and citations for illegal carrying. Our analysis of pistol permits and citations reveal clear initial effects of the SA on gun-related behaviours. Using synthetic control and difference-in-differences methodologies, our main analyses show no effects on overall homicide rates, evidence of a reduction in overall suicide rates, and strong evidence of a large and sustained decrease in gun-related suicide rates.
Macroeconomic Stability and Inclusive Growth, WP/21/81, March 2021

We survey the literature on the relationship between macroeconomic stability and inclusive growth and identify gaps in our knowledge. We examine the role of macroeconomic policies (fiscal, monetary, macroprudential, and exchange rate) and measures of inclusiveness (income inequality, consumption inequality, wealth inequality, poverty, and unemployment) across countries at different income levels. Avoiding procyclical macroeconomic policies and mitigating macroeconomic volatility should be on the agenda of all policymakers concerned with promoting inclusive growth. The emerging theory and evidence suggest a strong role for macroeconomic policies in shaping inclusive growth, both in the short-run and the long-run. The two-way relationship between the macroeconomy and inequality underscores the challenge of identifying and estimating causal relationships. Models with heterogeneous agents have much to offer in this area. JEL Classification Numbers: E61, D31, J64
Pre-Vaccination COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy in a Croatian Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Despite world-level efforts and the endeavors of scientists and medical professionals in suppressing the COVID-19 pandemic, inadequate levels of vaccine literacy of the general population can represent a grave obstacle. The aim of this study was to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine literacy in the Croatian adult general population before vaccination began. The specific objectives were to test differences regarding socio-demographic characteristics and to examine perceptions and attitudes about vaccination against COVID-19 considering the level of VL against COVID-19. A cross-sectional study with a translated and psychometrically tested questionnaire was conducted in 1227 participants before the start of vaccination, from 15 to 31 January 2021. The results show a medium level of vaccine literacy (M = 2.37, SD = 0.54) and a significant difference between functional and interactive-critical vaccine literacy (p < 0.001). The level of vaccine literacy grew with the level of education (p = 0.031) and reduced with age (p < 0.001). Participants who were employed, had chronic diseases, took medicine, or consumed alcohol daily had a lower level of vaccine literacy. There is room for progress in the COVID-19 VL level for the adult population in Croatia, especially at the interactive-critical VL, which could have an important role in people accepting the vaccine against the COVID-19 disease. A satisfactory level of vaccine literacy in the population is necessary because it can contribute to the fight against the pandemic.
STTC analysis of spontaneous calcium imaging recordings

Based on anatomical measurements, it is expected that most neighbouring pyramidal neurons in the cortex are not connected, and those that are will be weakly connected (Braitenberg and Schüz 1998). Indeed, most connections between neurons in L2/3 are weak (Song et al. 2005; Perin, Berger, and Markram 2011; Cossell et al. 2015). However, there are infrequent strong connections that link neurons with similar response properties (Ko et al. 2011; Cossell et al. 2015).
HBA1c Levels In Non-Diabetic Patients with ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction & its Correlation with Short Term Mortality

Background: Elevated HBA1C level is predictive for cardiovascular disease and mortality in diabetic & also in non-diabetic patients. Aim of our study was to evaluate correlation between HBA1c on admission and short term mortality in non-diabetic patients with ST elevated myocardial infarction. Methods: 266 non-diabetic patients presenting with STEMI (within 48 hours) were included in our study. Data regarding patient characteristics were collected over 7 months. All-cause mortality data collected prospectively up to 6 months. Results: Mean HBA1C was 5.69±0.65 for the study population. HBA1C quartiles (<5, 5.1-5.5, 5.6-6, 6.1-6.4) has shown increased 6 months mortality (3%, 4.8%, 1.7%, 15.1% respectively P=0.004) with increased values. Multivariate regression analysis has shown HBA1C>6 as an independent predictor of 6 month mortality. Conclusion: A significant correlation exists between HBA1C on admission in non-diabetic patients with STEMI and 6 month all-cause mortality.
The Effect of Stress, Work Environment and Work Engagement on Employee Performance

This type of research is explanatory research, looking at the relationship of free variables is stress, work engagement, and work environment on employee performance. The relationships between study constructs were tested using the Smart PLS 3.0. Data were collected from 120 employees from urban village in the Bukittinggi City.Based on analysis results show that job stress has no effect on work engagement and employee performance. The work environment is positively and significantly related to work engagement and employee performance. The results of the analysis show that work engagement has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, the role of job attractiveness as a mediator between job stress and employee performance has a negative effect. Likewise, the role of work engagement as a mediator between the work environment and employee performance has a significant positive effect.
Credit Card Adoption in Vietnam: A Perspective of the Stimulus Organism Response Model

This study aims to develop a theoretical model in order to determine perceived risk, their antecedents and consequences in credit card adoption. Using the Stimulus Organism Response model, the study proposes relationships between information system quality, perceived risk, and the intended use of credit cards. However, despite prior studies on consumer behaviour, this study introduces three components of perceived risk in source, including transaction risk, payment risk and credit risk. Therefore, preliminary research is helpful to describe and measure the research constructs in the proposed model. With data collected from 538 bank customers, this study conducts the structural equation model to test the research model and proposed hypotheses. The results analysis shows that information quality, system quality, and service quality have negative effects on transaction risk, payment risk, and credit risk. Meanwhile, three components of perceived risk in source are the significant inhibitors of the intended use of credit cards. These risk perceptions account for 46.8% of the variation in intended use. The findings provide bank managers solutions to achieve a high-quality information system, which may reduce consumer apprehension about potential losses and then encourage their intended use of credit cards.
Bacteriological Assessment and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Recovered from Clarias gariepinus Selected from Various Fish Farms in Anambra North Senatorial Zones in Anambra State, Nigeria

Fishes are cheap sources of protein and are commonly reared in artificial pond in Nigeria. Bacterial infested fishes have been a serious public health concern. This study was aimed at isolating and identifying bacteria associated with the internal organs (gills, liver, guts) of Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish) in fish ponds in Anambra North Senatorial zones in Anambra State, Nigeria, and to determine the seasonal bacterial load of the organs and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates to conventional antibiotics. A total of 720 African catfish were sampled from randomly selected fish farms during rainy and dry seasons. Bacteria isolates inoculated on Blood and Nutrient agar plates were identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolates from the fish organs include species of Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Microbacterium, Serratia, Proteus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Citrobacter and Micrococcus. Results also revealed that there was significant difference (p value Bacillus sp. was the most abundant gram positive bacterium in the organs of the fish samples during the rainy and dry season, while Citrobacter sp., a gram negative organism, was relatively abundant in the liver and gut. Percentage susceptibility of the bacteria to antibiotics was highest with vancomycin (100%) and least with erythromycin (75.0%). The most susceptible isolates were species of Staphylococcus, Microccoccus and Microbacterium while Bacillus sp. was the most resistant bacterium. This study has shown that high bacteria load are found in the internal organs of the fish and a good number of the bacteria are resistant to some of the antibiotics tested. There is, therefore, need for adherence to proper sanitary measures to avoid bacterial contamination of fish.
Analysis of STEM-Based Learning Evaluation

Evaluation activities should not only be based on administrative activities but evaluation activities should be interpreted to maintain the quality of the implementation of learning activities. Various problems with education are actually one of the causes is from the development of inappropriate learning evaluation instruments. Whereas the essence of the learning evaluation activity is to see if the goals of learning that have been structured are well achieved. This research has the objectives: 1) to analyze the evaluation of learning that has been done in high school economics subjects in East Java and 2) to analyze the effectiveness of developing stem-based learning evaluations. The method used in this study is to use a descriptive method with a form of survey research. The survey was conducted with Google Form and took 656 students from high school in East Java. The result of this survey is that the evaluation is appropriate and the evaluation of STEM-based learning is effective to improve the quality of learning.
Pushing the Limits of Medical Management in HCM: A Review of Current Pharmacological Therapy Options

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common monogenic cardiac disease with a highly variable phenotypic expression, ranging from asymptomatic to drug refractory heart failure (HF) presentation. Pharmacological therapy is the first line of treatment, but options are currently limited to nonspecific medication like betablockers or calcium channel inhibitors, with frequent suboptimal results. While being the gold standard practice for the management of drug refractory HCM patients, septal reduction therapy (SRT) remains an invasive procedure with associated surgical risks and it requires the expertise of the operating centre, thus limiting its accessibility. It is therefore with high interest that researchers look for pharmacological alternatives that could provide higher rates of success. With new data gathering these past years as well as the development of a new drug class showing promising results, this review provides an up-to-date focused synthesis of existing medical treatment options and future directions for HCM pharmacological treatment.
Use Behavior of E-Money: Empirical Analysis Using The UTAUT Model

In recent years, the use of e-money in many countries as a non-cash payment mechanism has increased. To evaluate the determinant factors of e-money adoption, a variety of studies have been performed. The goal of this research is to examine e-money usage behavior using the model of UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology). The conduct of usage shows how much e-money is used as a payment form. 193 e-money consumers in West Sumatra who were taken by online surveys were a sample of this analysis. The data was evaluated using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The findings found that three UTAUT variables have been identified that have a major impact on behavioral intentions, namely effort expectations, social influences and facilitating conditions. Interestingly, the UTAUT variable has no direct effect on the use behavior of e-money. This finding indicates that effort expectations, social effects and facilitating conditions can only impact the desire of the consumer to use e-money and have no effect on the strength of the use of e-money. This study's result may lead to other researchers who want to examine the influence of the use of technology on individual outcomes.