Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of 802.11 DCF with limited channels

Wireless communication has achieved great proliferation in communication technologies. IEEE 802.11 WLANs have been widely deployed as wireless access mechanism technology. To keep up with growing bandwidth and data rate requirements, legacy standards such as IEEE 802.11 have been deeply researched for their operation in multi-channel environment through usage of multiple interfaces. In the multi-channel multi-interface environment, it is common to assume that number of available channels are greater than or equal to number of interfaces. We evaluate performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) in multi-channel multi-interface environment in which number of channels are less than number of interfaces; contradicting common assumption where number of channels are greater than or equal to number of interfaces. In our study, we present scenarios under which number of available channels can become less than total number of interfaces on a node to motivate the problem. Through evaluation of accurate analytical models, we suggest that it is not possible to achieve higher average network throughput by tuning multiple interfaces on one channel. By keeping aggregate traffic constant for a channel, greater number of interfaces on a channel increases collisions, resulting in less effective usage of channel.
Rapid and Accurate Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sputum Samples by Cepheid Xpert MTB/RIF Assay—A Clinical Validation Study

Background A crucial impediment to global tuberculosis control is the lack of an accurate, rapid diagnostic test for detection of patients with active TB. A new, rapid diagnostic method, (Cepheid) Xpert MTB/RIF Assay, is an automated sample preparation and real-time PCR instrument, which was shown to have good potential as an alternative to current reference standard sputum microscopy and culture. Methods We performed a clinical validation study on diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF Assay in a TB and HIV endemic setting. Sputum samples from 292 consecutively enrolled adults from Mbeya, Tanzania, with suspected TB were subject to analysis by the Xpert MTB/RIF Assay. The diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay was compared to standard sputum smear microscopy and culture. Confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a positive culture was used as a reference standard for TB diagnosis. Results Xpert MTB/RIF Assay achieved 88.4% (95%CI = 78.4% to 94.9%) sensitivity among patients with a positive culture and 99% (95%CI = 94.7% to 100.0%) specificity in patients who had no TB. HIV status did not affect test performance in 172 HIV-infected patients (58.9% of all participants). Seven additional cases (9.1% of 77) were detected by Xpert MTB/RIF Assay among the group of patients with clinical TB who were culture negative. Within 45 sputum samples which grew non-tuberculous mycobacteria the assay's specificity was 97.8% (95%CI = 88.2% to 99.9%). Conclusions The Xpert MTB/RIF Assay is a highly sensitive, specific and rapid method for diagnosing TB which has potential to complement the current reference standard of TB diagnostics and increase its overall sensitivity. Its usefulness in detecting sputum smear and culture negative patients needs further study. Further evaluation in high burden TB and HIV areas under programmatic health care settings to ascertain applicability, cost-effectiveness, robustness and local acceptance are required.
Crystal Structure of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor DNA Binding Domain in Complex with DNA

The steroid hormone receptors regulate important physiological functions such as reproduction, metabolism, immunity, and electrolyte balance. Mutations within steroid receptors result in endocrine disorders and can often drive cancer formation and progression. Despite the conserved three-dimensional structure shared among members of the steroid receptor family and their overlapping DNA binding preference, activation of individual steroid receptors drive unique effects on gene expression. Here, we present the first structure of the human mineralocorticoid receptor DNA binding domain, in complex with a canonical DNA response element. The overall structure is similar to the glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding domain, but small changes in the mode of DNA binding and lever arm conformation may begin to explain the differential effects on gene regulation by the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors. In addition, we explore the structural effects of mineralocorticoid receptor DNA binding domain mutations found in type I pseudohypoaldosteronism and multiple types of cancer.
Targeting IGF-IR with Ganitumab Inhibits Tumorigenesis and Increases Durability of Response to Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in VCaP Prostate Cancer Xenografts

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men. While tumors initially respond to androgen-deprivation therapy, the standard care for advanced or metastatic disease, tumors eventually recur as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Upregulation of the insulin-like growth factor receptor type I (IGF-IR) signaling axis drives growth and progression of prostate cancer by promoting proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. Ganitumab (formerly AMG 479) is a fully human antibody that inhibits binding of IGF-I and IGF-II to IGF-IR. We evaluated the therapeutic value of ganitumab in several preclinical settings including androgen-dependent prostate cancer, CRPC, and in combination with androgen-deprivation therapy. Ganitumab inhibited IGF-I–induced phosphorylation of the downstream effector AKT and reduced proliferation of multiple androgen-dependent and castration-resistant human prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. Ganitumab inhibited androgen-dependent VCaP xenograft growth and increased tumor-doubling time from 2.3 ± 0.4 weeks to 6.4 ± 0.4 weeks. Ganitumab blocked growth of castration-resistant VCaP xenografts for over 11.5 weeks of treatment. In contrast, ganitumab did not have appreciable effects on the castration-resistant CWR-22Rv1 xenograft model. Ganitumab was most potent against VCaP xenografts when combined with complete androgen-deprivation therapy (castration). Tumor volume was reduced by 72% after 4 weeks of treatment and growth suppression was maintained over 16 weeks of treatment. These data suggest that judicious use of ganitumab particularly in conjunction with androgen-deprivation therapy may be beneficial in the treatment of prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(4); 394–404. ©2013 AACR.
Engineering a simple, efficient code-generator generator

Many code-generator generators use tree pattern matching and dynamic programming. This paper describes a simple program that generates matchers that are fast, compact, and easy to understand. It is simpler than common alternatives: 200–700 lines of Icon or 950 lines of C versus 3000 lines of C for Twig and 5000 for burg. Its matchers run up to 25 times faster than Twig's. They are necessarily slower than burg's BURS (bottom-up rewrite system) matchers, but they are more flexible and still practical.
Association rule mining and load balancing strategy in grid systems

The parallel and distributed systems represent one of the important solutions proposed to ameliorate the performance of the sequential association rule mining algorithms. However, parallelization and distribution process is not trivial and still facing many problems of synchronization, communication, and workload balancing. Our study is limited to the workload balancing problem. In this paper, we propose a dynamic load balancing strategy of association rule mining algorithm under a grid environment. This strategy is built upon a hierarchical grid model with three levels: Super coordinator, coordinator, and processing nodes. The main objective of our strategy is to ameliorate the performances of the distributed association rule mining algorithm "APRIORI".
A compiler and runtime system for enabling data mining applications on gpus

With increasing need for accelerating data mining and scientific data analysis on large data sets, and less chance to improve processor performance by simply increasing clock frequencies, multi-core architectures and accelerators like FPGAs and GPUs have become popular. A recent development in using GPU for general computing has been the release of CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) by NVIDIA. CUDA allows GPU programming with Clanguage-like features, thus easing the development of non-graphics applications on a GPU. However, several challenges still remain in programming the GPUs with CUDA, because CUDA involves explicit parallel programming and management of its complex memory hierarchy, as well as allocating device memory, moving data between CPU anddevice memory, and specification of thread grid configurations. In this paper, we offer a solution for the programmers to generate CUDA code by specifying the sequential reduction loop(s) with some information about the parameters. With program analysis and code generation, the applications are mapped to a GPU. Several additional optimizations are also performed by the middleware. We have evaluated our system using three popular data miningapplications, k-means clustering, EM clustering, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The speedup that each of these applications achieve over a sequential CPU version ranges between 20 and 50.
Critical Analysis of Recent Location Management Methods in Mobile Computing Environment

Location management is a technique, managing various mobile services, mobile devices, predicating their position at time of reference to its base station operation. It helps to keep track of mobile device during agile environment which helps to communicate user while roaming. With location management one can access data at any place by requesting to respective base station. Location management technique changes as per need of the user with reference to the contents such as audio, video, text and graphics. So, here performance evaluation of various location management methods with their application, advantages and limitations is taken into account. These methods can work very effective and efficient in particular conditions with certain constraints. Speed is main factor which affect the communication. This paper presents the critical analysis of various methods of location management based on various methodologies for mobile devices. It describes various techniques for location prediction and management. Some of the limitations in earlier techniques are tried to overcome in next subsequent method by another author. This study analyses all these methods with their pro and cons. But still they have some limitation of position prediction and speed of access during location management.
The ECG measurement in the bathtub using the insulated electrodes

The ECG recording in the bathtub was studied using insulated electrode. Prior studies of the ECG recording in the bathtub used conductive electrodes having some problems such as the possibility of the electric shock and sensitivity to contamination of the electrode surfaces. The insulated electrodes were made of copper plate coated with PET film. The electrodes were attached on bathtub at both sides of the chest. High-input-impedance amplifier was designed to amplify ECG signal sensed by insulated electrodes of high impedance. The recorded signals in this study were noisier than those recorded with conventional conductive electrodes. But the R peaks in the recorded signals were large enough to be auto-detected. Further study will improve SNR by reducing of power line noise and common-mode noise.
Evaluation of Concept Space Rating Algorithm and Navigation Scheme

Navigation of a student over learning objects can be solved by using concept space of a domain which contains information about structural and dependency relations between concepts. Every learning object has defined relations to several concepts. Relations which exist in the learning object space also exist in the concept space between the corresponding concepts. We present an evaluation of controlled experiment comparing PageRank and our algorithm used for navigation which utilizes statically calculated ratings of concepts, based on the concept’s relations and dependencies to other concepts. We created a learning course Lisp for our students and present the results from our evaluation testing of a navigation scheme which uses concept’s rating for dynamic presentation and ordering learning objects with regards to the actual student’s model.
Effects of Communication on Mobile Sensor Networks

The vague assumption of a fixed communication range has facilitated the development of major areas of study in mobile sensor networks such as connectivity, coverage, and self-deployment algorithms by providing a stable element as a foundation for their analysis, but more precise communication model is required in order to convert theoretical simulations into realistic applications. This paper studies the effects of more realistic communication models on mobile sensor networks/ad hoc networks taking into consideration multi-access interference and noise and their impact on the communication range of the nodes. The study shows that the communication range changes with the characteristics of the network (network parameters and node distribution). Simulation results justify our findings and future research directions are discussed
FAST‐TRACK: Integrating QTL mapping and genome scans towards the characterization of candidate loci under parallel selection in the lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)

As natural selection must act on underlying genetic variation, discovering the number and location of loci under the influence of selection is imperative towards understanding adaptive divergence in evolving populations. Studies employing genome scans have hypothesized that the action of divergent selection should reduce gene flow at the genomic locations implicated in adaptation and speciation among natural populations, yet once ‘outlier’ patterns of variation have been identified the function and role of such loci needs to be confirmed. We integrated adaptive QTL mapping and genomic scans among diverging sympatric pairs of the lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) species complex in order to test the hypothesis that differentiation between dwarf and normal ecotypes at growth‐associated QTL was maintained by directional selection. We found evidence of significantly high levels of molecular divergence among eight growth QTL where two of the strongest candidate loci under the influence of directional selection exhibited parallel reductions of gene flow over multiple populations.
Modelling educational games through multi-domain framework in light of game play

Game-based learning systems have been proven to provide a highly positive influence with learning industry over the past decade. The challenge occurs when the game developers have to model and develop an effective educational game to understand the depth and relationships between game play (rules and regulations), game environment, learning theories, and the learner's achievement to achieve the objective of subject content embedded in the educational game. Modelling in terms of software engineering for educational games can provide a wider aspect for the game developers. Thus, the authors have proposed a multi-domain framework with extracted implicit relationships through a systematic literature review. These relationships are verified through qualitative interviews with eight (8) game-based learning experts to validate the relationships. This paper presents eleven (11) implicit relationships based on game play domain and discusses their relevancy with game environment, learning theories, and subject-matter (learners, teachers) by applying interpretive hermeneutic approach of qualitative study. Consequently, this paper concludes eleven (11) explicit relationships for game developers to reflect upon during the modelling and developing process of educational games.
Hallucinating Multiple Occluded CCTV Face Images of Different Resolutions

In this paper, we present a novel learning-based algorithm to super-resolve multiple partially occluded CCTV lowresolution face images. By integrating hierarchical patchwise alignment and inter-frame constraints into a Bayesian framework, we can probabilistically align multiple input images at different resolutions and recursively infer the high-resolution face image. We address the problem of fusing partial imagery information through multiple frames and discuss the new algorithm’s effectiveness when encountering occluded low-resolution face images. We show promising results compared to that of existing face hallucination methods.
Using evolving storage structures for data storage

Different data storage structures suit different data management scenarios, therefore, a universal data storage structure is not possible. Furthermore, each data storage structure has different resource consumption because of their unique execution complexity. Self-tuning data management systems need a mechanism to select appropriate data storage structure and to adapt it with changing data management requirements. We propose Evolving Storage Structures for self-tuning data management system that supports customization and adaptation with changing data management needs.
DTD inference for views of XML data

We study the inference of Data Type Definitions (DTDs) for views of XML data, using an abstraction that focuses on document content structure. The views are defined by a query language that produces a list of documents selected from one or more input sources. The selection conditions involve vertical and horizontal navigation, thus querying explicitly the order present in input documents. We point several strong limitations in the descriptive ability of current DTDs and the need for extending them with (i) a subtyping mechanism and (ii) a more powerful specification mechanism than regular languages, such as context-free languages. With these extensions, we show that one can always infer tight DTDs, that precisely characterize a selection view on sources satisfying given DTDs. We also show important special cases where one can infer a tight DTD without requiring extension (ii). Finally we consider related problems such as verifying conformance of a view definition with a predefined DTD. Extensions to more powerful views that construct complex documents are also briefly discussed.
Clinical Characteristics of Gastric Cancer Associated with Pregnancy

Background/Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical features and treatment outcome of gastric cancer associated with pregnancy. Methods: Clinicopathologic characteristics of 15 patients who were diagnosed as having gastric cancer during pregnancy or within 1 year after delivery (the P-related group) were compared with those of 53 age-matched pregnancy-unrelated gastric cancer patients (the control group). Results: Significant differences were found in tumor stage and surgical curability; the numbers of stage IV disease were 12 (80%) and 21 (40%; p = 0.006), and those of curative resection were 4 (27%) and 20 (62%; p = 0.02) in the P-related and the control group, respectively. Three-year survival rate was significantly lower in the P-related group (23.3%) than in the control group (52.8%; p = 0.007). In the P-related group, only 3 patients, including one patient diagnosed using endoscopy, survived without recurrences. In the multivariate analysis, pregnancy was not identified as an independent risk factor associated with poor outcome. Conclusion: Gastric cancer associated with pregnancy is discovered at its advanced stage and consequently shows a dismal prognosis. Considering that the patients who underwent curative resection have a favorable prognosis, primary efforts should be focused on early diagnosis.
Viewpoint Invariant Reconstruction of 3D Human Skeleton from Monocular Images

We present a fast, robust, fault-tolerant and nonparametric approach to reconstruct 3D human skeleton model from single images, regardless of the viewpoint of the camera relative to the observed person. The system achieves high degree of tolerance using search-based inference and probabilistic joint labeling. The system achieves 100% view invariance using a pruning-based parallel search algorithm.
CASP11 statistics and the prediction center evaluation system

We outline the role of the Protein Structure Prediction Center (predictioncenter.org) in conducting the CASP11 and CASP ROLL experiments, discuss the experiment statistics, and provide an overview of the present CASP infrastructure. The biggest changes compared to the previous CASPs are the implementation of the evaluation system incorporating practically all evaluation measures, statistical tests, and visualization tools historically used by the CASP assessors, the expansion of the infrastructure to incorporate new categories of contact‐assisted and multimeric predictions, and the redesign of the assessors' web‐workspace enabling assessments based on multiple measures for different group categories and target sets. Proteins 2016; 84(Suppl 1):15–19. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CARESS Working Paper 97-06 Formulating Optimal Portfolios in South American Stock Markets ¤

This paper analyses the optimal investment strategy in the stock markest of a selected group of South American countries: Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile. The Markowitz e±ciency frontiers are derived based on daily stock market index returns expressed in US dollars, for the period of January 1, 1988 through December 23, 1993. In addition to the Markowitz algorithm, the low partial moment algorithm is used. The bene ̄ts of internationa diversi ̄cation are studied from the perspectives of an American investor who can invest both in the U.S. and in the South American stock markets. The paper assesses the risks and rewards of investing in these countries based on both foreign exchange as well as sovereign risks. It is shown that the optimal portfolio derived provides a risk-adjusted return that is better or, as good as, the return realizable from investing in stock markets with lesser degrees of risk. The optimal portfolio is calculated based on stock-market returns for the emerging South American countries mentioned, with the S&P 500 Index incorporated into the analysis. The portfolio's performance is then measured using various portfolio evaluation techniques. ¤I would like to thank the able research assistance of Christophr Churukian and Michael Fox-Rabinovitz. yPlease send all correspondence to Professor Yochanan Shachmurove, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia PA 19104-6297. Telephone numbers: (215) 898-1090 (O), (610) 6459235 (H). E-mail address: yochanan@econ.sas. upenn.edu
A finite ranked poset and its application in visualization of association rules

We discuss the set of all Boolean association rules. By defining special partial order on the set, we get an isomorphism between the set and a special finite ranked poset. Through discussing some basic properties of the finite ranked poset, we can clearly represent the hierarchical structure of all Boolean association rules. Meanwhile, the Hasse diagram of the poset offers a visualization view of the structure.