Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION BY RICE (Oryza sativa L.) IN ALLUVIAL SOIL OF DELHI

Employing tracer techniques, the effects of split application and dipping of rice seed- ling roots in phosphate slurry on yield and P uptake parameters of rice were studied under field conditions on an alluvial soil of LA.R. I. Farm, New Delhi. Though yields were not influenced much, the P uptake parameters were considerably influenced by both the methods. Rice absorbed more P from DAP than from SSP under split application compared to full basal application, Results, with alternate tagging technique indicated that the fertilizer P uptake was higher from the basally applied portion than from the top dressed quantity. Though seed- ling root dipping in DAP slurry resulted in highest P utilization, this method was Inferior to soil application of P as the latter resulted in more fertilizer P uptake by rice crop when both methods were tried simultaneously.
The Impact of CEO Turnover on Financial Performance of Industrial Firms Listed on the Amman Stock Exchange

The present study endeavors to examine the correlation between CEO turnover and the financial performance of industrial firms in Jordan. The primary objective of this research is to assess how changes in the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position affect the financial performance of an organization. This investigation encompasses three specific aspects by analyzing the timing of CEO turnover events in relation to key financial performance (FP) indicators, namely Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Utilizing financial data collected from 33 firms between 2017 and 2021, a panel data regression analysis was conducted to reach meaningful conclusions. The results indicate a negative relationship between CEO turnover and FP, regardless of the timing of CEO dismissal, which highlights the low tolerance for poor performance in industrial firms in Jordan. Furthermore, the study found that ROE serves as a more accurate predictor of CEO turnover compared to ROA. Based on these findings, the study formulates several conclusions and recommendations, as well as potential directions for future research.
Mars south polar spring and summer temperatures: A residual CO2 frost

The Viking infrared thermal mapper (IRTM) has measured reflected and emitted energy over Mars south polar cap throughout the martian spring and summer. During these 1976–1977 observations the polar cap displayed complex spatial, spectral, and temporal variations. The cap recession was accompanied by a bright rim and dark internal collar. High albedos did not directly correspond with low temperatures as would be expected for a simple polar frost model. Both the polar cap and the surrounding terrain brightened erratically during the global dust storms. The polar cap remained approximately symmetrical around the geometric pole until about Ls 237, when the eastern hemisphere (longitudes 180°–360°) darkened and the western hemisphere began to develop spectral contrasts at thermal wavelengths. As the cap shrank to its residual position centered at –87.5°, 30°W, it maintained large differences in brightness temperature between the four IRTM surface-sensing bands at 7, 9, 11, and 20 μm. Whereas T9 reached 214 K, T20 never exceeded 175 K. No single mechanism explains the observed spectral behavior. The late summer infrared spectral pattern can be matched by a surface consisting of CO2 frost with 20-μ emissivity of 0.8 and ∼6% dark, warm soil under a dusty atmosphere of moderate infrared opacity and spectral properties similar to those measured for the martian global dust storms. Throughout the summer, the polar frost remained at the temperature of solid CO2. This low temperature, the spectral pattern, the absence of appreciable water vapor in the south polar atmosphere, and the absence of surface warming expected if H2O ice were to become exposed, all imply that the residual south polar cap seen by Viking was covered by solid CO2. Thus Mars appears to have a residual polar cap of CO2 in the south and one of H2O in the north. This difference is due in part to the occurrence of global dust storms during the southern summer. An accumulation of solid CO2 over the location of the residual cap beyond that predicted by radiation models seems required to explain the persistence of CO2 frost in spite of the large apparent energy imbalance during the summer.
Is Instagram destroying sex life? An analysis of the impact of social media use on the sexual life of young Polish women - results of a web-based cross-sectional survey.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Various types of social media (SM) have recently played a huge role in shaping the world and one's self-esteem. Previous research on this issue has shown that frequent use of MS leads to the creation of unrealistic body image ideals. Time spent on SM is sometimes associated with increased body dissatisfaction, which could negatively affect sex life. OBJECTIVE The aim of this STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies)-compliant cross-sectional and web-based study was to determine the relationship between MS use by young women in Poland and various aspects of their sexuality, such as self-perception, self-esteem, and satisfaction with their sex lives. MATERIAL AND METHODS A group of 1,258 young women aged 18-35 who use SM completed an online survey containing questions about socio-demographic data, SM use and questionnaires: Self-Esteem and Appearance Scale (BESAA), Self-Awareness of Own Body Scale (BISC) Women's Sexual Satisfaction Scale (SSS-W). RESULTS There was a significant relationship between time spent in SM and women's self-perception (p<0.001). The longer the time spent on SM, the lower the evaluation of one's own body, as well as lower satisfaction with sexual life (p=0.013). Comparing oneself and being compared to those seen on SM, significantly predicts the level of satisfaction with body evaluation and appearance (p<0.001), body image disturbance (p<0.001), and sexual satisfaction (p<0.001), significantly explains the final score of the BESAA (20%), BISC (16.2%) and SSS-W (4%) scales. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed the need to raise awareness among young women about the negative impact of SM on self-esteem and body image. It is necessary to educate how much self-esteem and sexual satisfaction are affected by the phenomenon of comparing oneself to influencers seen on SM, as well as being compared by others.
Enhancement of wind erosion by fire‐induced water repellency

The occurrence of fire and the subsequent increase in wind erosion are known to affect vegetation dynamics in dryland landscapes. Fires act as a disturbance on shrubs and trees and expose the soil surface to the erosive action of wind, thereby affecting the loss and redistribution of soil nutrients. Despite the relevance of wind erosion and fires to the dynamics of arid ecosystems, the interactions between these two processes remain poorly understood. We have investigated how a representative water repellent organic compound released by burning biomass and absorbed in the soil may enhance soil erodibility. To this end, we carried out a series of wind tunnel experiments, laboratory tests, and theoretical analyses to assess the effect of fire‐induced water repellency on the soil susceptibility to wind erosion. The experiments were carried out using clean, well‐sorted sand which was artificially coated with palmitic acid, a common water repellency inducing fatty acid found in most plants. The results indicate that fire‐induced water repellency enhances soil erodibility, causing a drop in wind erosion threshold velocity. The results are explained by the effect of water repellent compounds on soil‐water contact angle and on the strength of interparticle wet‐bonding forces.
An attempt at fixing the oversimplification of Nightshades’ (genus Solanum) epidermal hair complexity

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Watts and Kariyat. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Opinion PUBLISHED 28 September 2023 DOI 10.3389/fpls.2023. 1176674
Optical Measurements on the Louisiana Shelf off the Mississippi River

Abstract Optical measurements (UV-B downward irradiance (Ed(310)), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), light scattering b (655), beam attenuation c (631), ratios of nadir upward radiances (i.e. colour-index), Secchi disc depth and chlorophyll a fluorescence) and CTD measurements were gathered along a cross shelf transect at approximately 92°W on the Louisiana Shelf during one cruise in April 1987 and two cruises in February and July 1988. Large cross shelf variability in the optical properties was found over a relatively small spatial scale of about 150 km. In terms of optical water mass classification, Jerlov coastal water type 7 was found near the coast while Jerlov oceanic water type IB was predominant at the shelf edge. The UV-B irradiance measurements showed a negative correlation with salinity which points to the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers as a major source of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the region. Very clear water was found on the shelf edge in July 1988 and extremely high UV-B irradiance transmission was measured. The 1%-depth for UV-B downward irradiance was 65·2 m, corresponding to a Kd(310)-value of 0·0706 m−1. This value is approximately 50% lower than the pure water value,Kw (310) of 0·116 m−1 as given by Smith and Baker (Applied Optics, 20, 177–184) and often used in inverse methods. This result suggests that absorption in the UV-B region by pure water should be re-examined.
A new method for global retrievals of HCHO total columns from the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite

We introduce a new method for retrieving formaldehyde (HCHO) based on principal component analysis (PCA) of satellite‐measured radiances. Applying the technique to the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership/Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (S‐NPP/OMPS) radiances between 328.5 and 356.5 nm, we extract principal components (PCs) associated with various physical processes (e.g., ozone absorption and rotational Raman scattering) and measurement details (e.g., wavelength shift). These PCs, along with precomputed HCHO Jacobians, are utilized in spectral fitting to estimate HCHO loading and reduce interferences. Comparisons with model simulations and independent Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) retrievals indicate that our algorithm can detect enhanced HCHO signals over source regions such as the southeast U.S., producing HCHO total columns with similar spatial distributions and seasonal patterns. While our OMPS retrievals are ~15–20% lower than OMI retrievals from a different algorithm, the differences may be attributed to several instrumental and algorithmic factors. This study demonstrates the potential of PCA algorithms and of OMPS for continuing the long‐term satellite HCHO data record.
Localized thermosphere ionization events during the high‐speed stream interval of 29 April to 5 May 2011

We analyze localized ionospheric‐thermospheric (IT) events in response to external driving by a high‐speed stream (HSS) during the ascending phase of the Solar Cycle 24. The HSS event occurred from ~ 29 April to 5 May, 2011. The HSS itself (and not the associated corotating interaction region) caused a moderate geomagnetic storm with peak SYM‐H = −55 nT and prolonged auroral activity. We analyze TIMED (Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics)/SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) measurements of nitric oxide (NO) cooling emission during the interval as a measure of thermospheric response to auroral heating. We identify several local cooling emission (LCE) events in high to subauroral latitudes. Individual cooling emission profiles during these LCE events are enhanced at ionospheric E layer altitudes. For the first time, we present electron density profiles in the vicinity of the LCE events using collocated COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) radio occultation (RO) measurements. Measurements at local nighttime show the formation of an enhanced E layer (about 2.5 times increase over the undisturbed value) at ≥100 km altitude. Daytime electron density profiles show relatively smaller enhancements in the E layer. We suggest that the IT response is due to additional ionization caused by medium energy electron (>10 keV) precipitation into the subauroral to high‐latitude atmosphere associated with geomagnetic activity during the HSS event.
The upper Viséan–Serpukhovian in the type area for the Serpukhovian Stage (Moscow Basin, Russia): Part 1. Sequences, disconformities, and biostratigraphic summary

The upper Viséan–Serpukhovian strata in the type region for the Serpukhovian Stage is an epeiric‐sea succession ca. 90 m in thickness. The predominantly Viséan Oka Group (comprising the Aleksin, Mikhailov, and Venev formations) is dominated by photozoan packstones with fluvial siliciclastic wedges developed from the west. The Lower Serpukhovian Zaborie Group is composed of the Tarusa and Gurovo formations. The latter is a new name for the shale‐dominated unit of Steshevian Substage age in the studied area. The Zaborie Group is composed of limestones and marls in its lower (Tarusa and basal Gurovo) part and black smectitic to grey palygorskitic shales in the main part of the Gurovo Formation. The Gurovo Formation is capped by a thin limestone with oncoids and a palygorskitic–calcretic palaeosol. The Upper Serpukhovian is composed of a thin (3–12 m) Protva Limestone heavily karstified during a mid‐Carboniferous lowstand. The succession shows a number of unusual sedimentary features, such as a lack of high‐energy facies, shallow‐subtidal marine sediments penetrated by Stigmaria, the inferred atidal to microtidal regime, and palustrine beds composed of saponitic marls. The succession contains many subaerial disconformities characterized by profiles ranging from undercoal solution horizons to palaeokarsts. Incised fluvial channels are reported at two stratigraphic levels to the west of the study area. The deepest incisions developed from the Kholm Disconformity (top of the Mikhailov Formation). This disconformity also exhibits the deepest palaeokarst profile and represents the major hiatus in the Oka–Zaborie succession. The new sea‐level curve presented herein shows two major cycles separated by the Kholm Unconformity at the Mikhailov/Venev boundary. The Lower Serpukhovian transgression moved the base‐level away from falling below the seafloor so that the section becomes conformable above the Forino Disconformity (lower Tarusa). The maximum deepening is interpreted to occur in the lower dark‐shale part of the Gurovo Formation. The base of the Serpukhovian Stage is defined by FADs of the conodont Lochriea ziegleri and the foraminifer Janischewskina delicata in the middle of the sequence VN2. The Aleksinian–Mikhailovian interval is provisionally correlated with the Asbian (Lower–Middle Warnantian) in Western Europe. Based on FODs of Janischewskina typica and first representatives of Climacammina, the Venevian is correlated with the Brigantian in Western Europe. The Tarusian–Protvian interval contains diverse fusulinid and conodont assemblages, but few forms suitable for international correlation. FADs of the zonal conodont species Adetognathus unicornis and Gnathodus bollandensis at several metres above the Protvian base suggest correlation of the entire Zaborie Group and may be the basal Protvian to the Pendleian. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data time-step dependency of conceptual rainfall—streamflow model parameters: an empirical study with implications for regionalisation

Abstract Employing 1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, 12- and 24-hourly data sets for two catchments (10.6 and 298 km2) in Wales, the calibrated parameters of a unit hydrograph-based model are shown to change substantially over that range of data time steps. For the smaller basin, each model parameter reaches, or approaches, a stable value as the data time step decreases, providing a straightforward method of estimating time-step independent model parameter values. For the larger basin, the model parameters also reach, or approach, stable values using hourly data, but, for reasons given in the paper, interpretation of the results is more difficult. Model parameter sensitivity analyses are presented that give insights into the relative precision on the parameters for both catchments. The paper discusses the importance of accounting for model parameter data time-step dependency in pursuit of a reduction in the uncertainty associated with estimates of flow in ungauged basins, and suggests that further work along these lines be undertaken using different catchments and models.
A methodology for discharge estimation and rating curve development at ungauged river sites

A methodology for estimating discharges and development of rating curves at ungauged river sites is presented. The methodology employs a routing method, which is an extension of the variable parameter Muskingum stage hydrograph (VPMS) routing method developed by M. Perumal and K. G. Ranga Raju, for routing a given upstream stage hydrograph in a channel reach characterized by trapezoidal compound cross section to arrive at the stage hydrograph at the downstream site. Furthermore, the VPMS method also enables us to estimate the discharge hydrographs at the upstream and downstream sites. It is assumed that there is no lateral flow within the routing reach. For establishing the rating curve at the ungauged river site the following concept employed in the development of the VPMS method can be conveniently exploited: During unsteady flow, there exists a one‐to‐one relationship between the stage estimated at the ungauged site and the corresponding steady discharge, which occurs somewhere downstream of that location, and using the method employed in the VPMS method, one can estimate that steady discharge. By linking this discharge with the stage estimated at the ungauged site the rating curve can be established. This approach of developing the rating curve is verified for a number of hypothetical data sets, obtained using the MIKE 11 model, which is used as the benchmark model in this study. Furthermore, the appropriateness of the proposed extended VPMS routing method is verified using two sets of experimental data on unsteady flows, obtained from a laboratory channel with rectangular compound flow section. The methodology is also field tested using six sets of concurrent stage hydrograph data obtained at the upstream and downstream sites of a 15 km reach length of the Tiber River in central Italy, out of which only one set of data was used for calibrating the reach‐averaged Manning's roughness coefficient. The close reproductions of the rating curves and discharge hydrographs recorded at the upstream and downstream sites demonstrate that the proposed methodology can be confidently used for rating curve development and discharge estimation at ungauged sites, thus avoiding the manual discharge measurement at any river site not subjected to backwater effects.
A Model for the Development of Thin Overthrust Sheets of Crystalline Rock

Overthrust sheets of granitic rock have numerous features in common with overthrust sheets of ultramafic rock. Regardless of rock type, these overthrust masses are 5 to 10 km thick or more, tens of kilometers wide, and up to hundreds of kilometers long. Their upper parts may consist of undeformed and unmetamorphosed igneous or sedimentary rocks, but near their base the crystalline rocks become tectonites, and retrograde metamorphism is widespread. A necessary condition for the formation of these sheets is a region of unusually steep geothermal gradient such as may be found behind volcanic arcs or in any region of upwelling mantle (for example, young ocean floor). At the time of detachment, the relatively brittle and rigid cover moves away from its underlying thermally softened base. At first, displacement between cover and base is penetrative, but as strain softening (and shear heating? ) proceeds, displacement becomes localized along a fault zone that will be parallel to isotherms in the rock, and the overthrust crystalline-based sheet is thus freed from its base. During movement, the underlying rocks of the detached sheet may be metamorphosed, and fragments of the overridden rocks may be picked up. When movement ends, the cooled sheet is emplaced on top of cooler rocks. Fluids driven from overridden rocks during movement, and following emplacement, will act to reduce frictional resistance and will result in retrograde metamorphism of the overlying crystalline mass. K-Ar dates in the lower part of the overriding sheet may be set during movement. Such a model explains the observed structural relations, metamorphic history, and thinness of the overthrust sheets. Rigidity of the detached cover and isostasy prevent the cover (suprastructure) from folding; these conditions require that the cover be displaced laterally for great distances. Lateral constraints and lithologic anisotropy will dictate the direction of overthrusting.
Marine multicomponent seismology

Marine multicomponent seismology has seized the geophysical industry’s fancy since its semicommercial emergence in the North Sea in the autumn of 1996. The essence of this technology is recording S-waves, in addition to conventional P-waves, on the seafloor with sensor packages containing hydrophones and three‐component geophones. New processing algorithms have had to be developed to properly process these data.