Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Religious Affiliation in Relation to Positive Mental Health and Mental Disorders in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population

Background: This study investigated association of religious affiliation with positive mental health (PMH) and mental disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 2270 adults was conducted in Singapore. Participants reported their religious affiliation to Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Taoism, or other religions. A PMH instrument measured total PMH and six subcomponents: general coping (GC), emotional support (ES), spirituality (S), interpersonal skills (IS), personal growth and autonomy (PGA), and global affect (GA). Lifetime history of mental disorders was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: Total PMH (mean ± SD) was 4.56 ± 0.66 for participants with any religion versus 4.12 ± 0.63 (p = 0.002) in those without any religion. After adjustment for all potential confounders, the mean difference in total PMH between these groups was 0.348 (95% CI: 0.248–0.448). Having any religion was significantly associated with higher scores for S, GC, ES, IS, but not with PGA, GA or mental disorders. Compared with individuals without any religion, total PMH and S levels were significantly higher across all religions. Additionally, Christianity was significantly associated with higher ES, Taoism with higher GC, Buddhism and Islam with higher GC, ES and IS, Hinduism with higher IS and Sikhism with higher ES and IS. Conclusion: Our results indicate that religious affiliation is significantly associated with higher PMH, but not with mental disorders in an Asian community setting. In addition, different religions showed unique patterns of association with PMH subcomponents.
Suicidal Ideation of Men with Alcohol Use Disorder in South Korea: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

South Korea’s suicide rate has been ranked second among OECD countries, and the rate of suicidal ideation is the highest among men with alcohol use disorder. To test a hypothetical model of men with alcohol use disorder based on O’Connor’s integrated motivational-volitional model, a study was conducted at a psychiatric outpatient clinic, a community addiction management center, and an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting in South Korea, comprising 203 men with alcohol use disorder. Data were collected using the Scale for Suicide Ideation, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Survey of Recent Life Experiences-Short Form, Defeat Scale and Entrapment Scale. The final model was a good fit to the data (χ2/df = 1.51, comparative fit index = 0.97, normed fit index = 0.92, incremental fit index = 0.97, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.96, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.05). The structural model explained 34.0% of the variance in suicidal ideation; and it validated that impulsivity, stress, defeat, and entrapment were the key factors affecting suicidal ideation. To prevent suicide among men with alcohol use disorder, it is necessary to develop a suicide prevention program that includes men’s feelings of defeat and entrapment.
Obtaining optimal structural data from X-ray powder diffraction using the Rietveld method

Diffraction data of calcite were collected using a conventional Bragg–Brentano diffractometer, which is a convenient, low-cost, and highly popular in-house instrument, and its crystal structure was refined by the Rietveld method. This paper shows how one treats preferred orientation and how different refinement strategies affect the accuracy of the result.
Characterization of Untreated and Neutralized Bauxite Residue for Improved Waste Management

Alumina refineries generate large volumes of bauxite residue daily, and as such, the storage, treatment, and reuse practices for residue are receiving increasing attention as refineries strive to reduce the potential environmental impact of their operations. To improve management decisions in the selection of appropriate storage, treatment, and reuse practices, the leaching behavior of bauxite residue was characterized using a standardized pH dependence leaching test. Leaching data was modeled using a geochemical speciation program to determine which chemical processes are controlling bauxite residue leaching behavior. This approach showed that the nine residue samples examined behaved very similarly for most elements, despite being generated by different refineries that utilize bauxite from different sources. Geochemical modeling of the leach data helped identify the solubility controlling minerals and other release controlling factors, which proved mostly the same for this wide range of samples. Residue.
Predicting Berry Quality Attributes in cv. Xarel·lo Rain-Fed Vineyards Using Narrow-Band Reflectance-Based Indices

In rain-fed vineyards, water availability strongly influences vegetative and reproductive growth and, thus, berry quality. Narrow-band spectral indices might provide information on vine structure and physiological status and might be a useful tool for predicting berry quality. The present study tested the feasibility of using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) to assess berry quality in five commercial vineyards (cv. Xarel·lo) in 2009 and 2010. Measurements of predawn water potential (Ψpd), canopy to air temperature difference, fractional intercepted photosynthetic active radiation (fIPAR), exposed leaf area, and canopy reflectance were taken at veraison. Berry weight, total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA) were determined at harvest. Values of Ψpd indicated mild to moderate water deficits. NDVI characterized the effects of water availability on vine vigor (fIPAR), while PRI was related to water status (Ψpd). The extent of water deficits was a key factor in determining the aptitude of spectral indices at estimating berry quality attributes. Thus, consistent with the influence of vine vigor and water status on berry quality attributes, NDVI was related to both TA (r2 = 0.46) and IMAD (the ratio of TSS to TA; r2 = 0.27), whereas PRI was related to both TSS and IMAD (r2 = 0.23 and r2 = 0.34, respectively). In addition, PRI was positively related to berry weight (r2 = 0.68). The results suggest the potential of reflectance indices of canopy vigor (i.e., NDVI) and photosynthetic functioning (i.e., PRI) at estimating berry quality attributes in vineyards experiencing mild to moderate water deficits.
Dynamics of domain shape relaxation in Langmuir films

The dynamics of domain shape relaxation exhibited by individual domains of finite size have been investigated in a Langmuir film containing the phospholipid dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and cholesterol. The temporal evolution of shape distortions following a stepped expansion of the film has been monitored by examination of simple geometrical quantities, notably perimeter, enclosed area, and curvature. In addition, spectral shape analysis has been invoked to determine temporal autocorrelation functions for spectral densities representing the primary modes of boundary distortion
Solubilities of l-glutamic acid, 3-nitrobenzoic acid, p-toluic acid, calcium-l-lactate, calcium gluconate, magnesium-dl-aspartate, and magnesium-l-lactate in water

Abstract Solubilities of l -glutamic acid, 3-nitrobenzoic acid, p -toluic acid, calcium- l -lactate, calcium gluconate, magnesium- dl -aspartate, and magnesium- l -lactate in water were determined in the temperature range 278 K to 343 K. The apparent molar enthalpies of solution at T = 298.15 K as derived from these solubilities are Δ sol H m ( l -glutamic acid, m sat = 0.0565 mol · kg − 1 ) = 30.2 kJ · mol − 1 , Δ sol H m (3-nitrobenzoic acid, m = 0.0188 mol · kg − 1 ) = 28.1 kJ · mol − 1 , Δ sol H m ( p - toluic acid, m = 0.00267 mol · kg − 1 ) = 23.9 kJ · mol − 1 , Δ sol H m (calcium- l -lactate tetrahydrate, m = 0.2902 mol · kg − 1 ) = 25.8 kJ · mol − 1 , Δ sol H m (calcium gluconate, m = 0.0806 mol · kg − 1 ) = 22.1 kJ · mol − 1 , Δ sol H m (magnesium- dl -aspartate tetrahydrate, m = 0.1469 mol · kg − 1 ) = 11.5 kJ · mol − 1 , and Δ sol H m (magnesium- l -lactate trihydrate, m = 0.3462 mol · kg − 1 ) = 3.81 kJ · mol − 1 .
Comparative Evaluation of SFE and Solvent Extraction Methods on the Yield and Composition of Black Seeds (Nigella Sativa)

Abstract Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) conditions (temperature, pressure, and volume of CO2) were optimized to obtain high quality black seed oil rich in antioxidants. The highest extraction yield (31.7%) was obtained under the SFE condition (50°C, 400 bar, and 100 mL), whereas SFE condition (50°C, 100 bar, 200 mL) gave a low yield (0.84%) as lipids were not extracted. HPLC characterization of compounds in the SFE extracts indicates the presence of a large number of compounds in high concentrations in the extract with a low yield. The yield and composition of SFE extracts were compared with the extracts obtained by the soxhlet extraction method and the SFE extract with low yield was found to be superior. Selected SFE extracts were also subjected to GSH recovery tests, and maximum recovery (84.6%) was obtained for the extract with low yield confirming the presence of antioxidant compounds.
Porosity, Flow, and Filtration Characteristics of Frustum-Shaped Ceramic Water Filters

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an experimental study of the effects of porosity on the flow rate and Escherichia coli (E. coli) filtration characteristics of porous ceramic water filters (CWFs) prepared without a coating of silver. Clay-based CWFs were fabricated by sintering composites of redart clay and fine woodchips (sawdust) in three different proportions by volume, viz: 50∶50, 65∶35, and 75∶25. Sintering the greenware below 1,000°C produced reddish colored pot of three different degrees of porosity and micro- and nanoscale pores, which are the key to efficient filtration. The porosities and pore size distribution frequencies of the sintered clay ceramics were characterized using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The porosity of the CWFs ranged from ∼36% to ∼47% and increased with increasing sawdust content in a linear fashion, and the pore size varied from ∼10 nm to ∼100 μm. The volume flow rates of water through the CWFs were investigated by measuring the cumulative amount of water.
VAPOR PRESSURES AND MOLECULAR COMPOSITION OF VAPORS OF THE SODIUM FLUORIDE- BERYLLIUM FLUORIDE SYSTEM

A new study made on the vapor pressure of BeF/sub 2/ the temperature interval 802 to 1025 deg showed good agreement with previous data taken over the 802 to 968 deg range. Excessive scatter of the vapor pressure data in the lower temperature region prevented a melting point determination of BeF/sub 2/ by the transpiration method alone. Thermal analysis showed the melting point to be about 545 deg . Vapor pressures of the NaF-- BeF/sub 2/ system were measured over the range 509 to 1061 deg . On the basis of previously developed theory, it was concluded that the complex NaBeF/sub 3/ exists in the vapor phase in addition to NaF and BeF/sub 2/. Resolution of the vapor phase on this basis indicated that another complex night exist in the vapor phase. A plot is presented showing the change of total pressure with composition for various temperatures. (auth)
Adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by novel biomass Eucalyptus sheathiana bark: equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism

AbstractThis study was undertaken to evaluate the adsorption potential of a naturally available, cost-effective, raw eucalyptus bark (EB) (Eucalyptus sheathiana) biomass, to remove organic methylene blue (MB) dye from its aqueous solutions. Effects of various process parameters such as initial dye concentration, adsorbent loading, solution pH, temperature, presence of salts, mixture of dyes and surfactant onto MB dye adsorption by bark material were studied. Significant effect on adsorption was witnessed on varying the pH of the MB solutions. Results showed that the optimum pH lies between 7.4 and 10.0. The extent (%) of MB adsorption from aqueous solution decreased with the increase in the initial MB dye concentration, but increased with rise in temperature. The extent of MB dye adsorption was found to be enhanced due to increase of salts concentration. This is because of salting-out-effect, which comprises the changes of various short range forces. The overall kinetic studies showed that the MB dye adso.
Effects of competition on the foliar chemistry of young Douglas-fir in monoculture and mixed stands with young red alder

The effects of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) densities on foliar chemistry of 4-year-old Douglas-fir were examined in experimentally manipulated stands. The density of each species was varied systematically in a two-way density matrix composed of five monoculture densities and 25 mixtures of all possible pairwise combinations of monoculture densities. Foliage was sampled in July of the second growing season and analysed for concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), starch, sugars, total nonstructural carbohydrates, and free amino acids. Response surfaces were generated, and regression analyses quantified the effects of each species' density on biochemistry. Increasing the overstory alder density resulted in increased N, free amino acid, and P concentrations in the Douglas-fir foliage, and reduced starch and total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations. Effects of Douglas-fir density were variable and dependent on the red alder density. Trends i.
Syntheses, Structures, and Characterizations of a Series of Polymers Constructed by Two V-Shape Dipyridine-Containing Ligands

Two flexible V-shape ligands, namely, 1,3-bis(pyridine-4-ylmethoxy)benzene (4-bpmb) and 1,3-bis(pyridine-2-ylmethoxy)benzene (2-bpmb), have been synthesized and employed for constructing eight novel coordination polymers, {[Zn(4-bpmb)(H2O)(NO3)2]·(4-bpmb)}n (1), {[Cd(4-bpmb)(H2O)(NO3)2]·(4-bpmb)}n (2), {[Hg(4-bpmb)(H2O)(NO3)2]·(4-bpmb)}n (3), {[Zn4(2-bpmb)4Cl8]·C5H5N}n (4), {[Hg(2-bpmb)Cl2]·2H2O}n (5), [Cu4(μ-CH3COO)8(2-bpmb)2]n (6), [Ag(2-bpmb)(NO3)]n (7), {[Cu(2-bpmb)(H2O)2]·(NO3)2}n (8). These complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and IR spectra and structurally determined by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The photoluminescence properties of complexes 1−3 are studied. The results revealed that the 4-bpmb ligands react with II B group transitional metallic nitrates to give three isostructural 1D wavelike chains (complexes 1−3), which are further decorated by equimolar 4-bpmb molecules to form the wavelike double-stranded chain structures via hydrogen bonds. In the pac.
Nitrification at low oxygen concentration in biofilm reactor

A nitrification process under low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is proposed in a completely stirred biofilm reactor. The reactor was fed with a synthetic wastewater containing 250 mg NH\d4–N/L. A stable nitrite accumulation in the effluent was obtained during >110 days’ operation; NO\d2–N(NO\d2–N+NO\d3–N) in the effluent reached >90% under 0.5 mg DO/L. Ammonium was completely converted and NH\d4–N in the outlet was as low as 5 mg/L. A transient increase of the DO concentration in the reactor induced a complete conversion of ammonia and nitrite to nitrate after only 2 days. A return to a low DO concentration again induced nitrite accumulation. These results show that the nitrite oxidizers were always present in the reactor but were outcompeted at low DO concentration, due to their lower affinity for oxygen, compared with ammonia oxidizers. Nitrite accumulation could also be favored by free nitrous acid accumulation inside the biofilm.
Effective surface passivation of crystalline silicon by rf sputtered aluminum oxide

In recent years, excellent surface passivation has been achieved on both p‐type and n‐type surfaces of silicon wafers and solar cells using aluminum oxide deposited by plasma‐assisted atomic layer deposition. However, alternative deposition methods may offer practical advantages for large‐scale manufacturing of solar cells. In this letter we show that radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering is capable of depositing negatively‐charged aluminum oxide and achieving good surface passivation both on p‐type and n‐type silicon wafers. We thus establish that sputtered aluminum oxide is a very promising method for the surface passivation of high efficiency solar cells. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The use of packaging techniques to maintain freshness in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables: a review

Summary Browning and other discolourations, softening, surface dehydration, water loss, translucency, off-flavour and off-odour development, as well as microbial spoilage are some of the most frequent causes of quality loss in fresh-cut products. Nowadays, the use of innovative modified atmospheres and edible coatings stands out among other techniques in the struggle for maintaining freshness and safety of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. A few studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of these techniques when applied to different fresh-cut commodities. However, treatment and storage conditions for fresh-cut fruits are still being largely explored to better keep their fresh-like quality attributes. This review discusses the recent advances in the use of innovative modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) systems to maintain freshness of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, special attention is devoted to the development of coatings that can be used as a complement or alternative to MAP.
Preliminary Screening Method for Dioxin Contamination Using Polarization Fluoroimmunoassay for Chlorinated Phenoxyacid Pesticides

Polarization fluoroimmunoassays (PFIA) were developed for the chlorinated pesticides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). In order to optimize the PFIA procedures, a number of fluorescein-labeled 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T derivatives were synthesized and the influence of their structures on PFIA characteristics was studied. Also, several antisera were tested in developing the PFIA for 2,4,5-T. The assays were adapted for use with the Abbott TDx Analyzer and could be run in automatic mode by the adaptation of existing software and protocols. Dynamic ranges for 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T were 0.2-200 ng mL–1 and 30-10 000 ng mL–1, respectively. Total time for the automated assay of 20 samples was about 22 min. PFIA provides a suitable means for screening of a large number of samples. The rapid determination of 2,4,5-T, which is one of the precursors of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, one of the most toxic groups of pollutants, may potentially be used to provide preliminary evidence of dioxin contamination.
Polycarbonate surface modified by argon cluster ion beams

X-ray induced photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to gain detailed information on surface topography, composition and bonding among atoms in a near-surface region of untreated and modified polycarbonate surfaces by argon cluster and argon monomer ion irradiation. As a consequence of the cluster ion beam impingement on the polycarbonates, their surfaces become rough with polymer structure partially damaged. Surprisingly, the surface irradiated by argon monomer ions was found less rough but the polymer structure in a surface region completely lost its integrity and an amorphous (hydrogenated) carbon layer was formed.
pH-Dependent Fluorescence Spectra, Lifetimes, and Quantum Yields of Firefly-Luciferin Aqueous Solutions Studied by Selective-Excitation Fluorescence Spectroscopy

We investigated the pH-dependent fluorescence spectra, quantum yields, and lifetimes of firefly luciferin in aqueous solutions by varying the pH and excitation wavelength. Green fluorescence peaking at 540 nm and red fluorescence peaking at about 620 nm were detectable in the pH range between 1 and 10. The lifetime of the green fluorescence decreased significantly from about 5 to 0.5 ns with decreasing pH from 10 to 1, while the red fluorescence lifetime was almost constant, about 0.4 ns, in the measurable pH range between 1 and 4. The pH dependence of the green-fluorescence lifetime had analogous pH-dependence with that of the fluorescence quantum yield. This reflects the contribution of the emission-efficiency variation of green fluorescence due to the pH-sensitivity of a non-radiative decay that competes with a pH-insensitive radiative decay.
Characteristics of heating mode transitions in a radio-frequency inductively coupled plasma

In this report, plasma heating mode transitions at different pressures in an inductively coupled plasma source are investigated. Results show that the plasma properties abruptly change as the mode transition occurs at pressures where the electron–neutral particle collision frequency is higher than the wave frequency while they slowly vary at the low-pressure side. Additionally, the electron energy distribution function changes from a Druyvesten to a Maxwellian distribution in mode transitions at high pressure.
Dynamics of Foaming of Polystyrene Particles

September 24, 2006 Summary: In this work, we address the industrially relevant problem of the foaming of expandable polystyrene (PS) impregnated by pentane as a traditional down-stream processing in the suspension polymerization of styrene. Once the polystyrene foam is formed by means of a proper foaming agent, e.g., pentane or fluoro- or chloro-hydrocarbons, the blowing agent diffuses out from the cellular structure. Environmental efforts call for the reduced consumption of blowing agents. The dynamics of foaming of polystyrene particles was recorded video-microscopically in our laboratory as the sequence of images of expanding particle located in the small pressure cell placed under the microscope with sufficient depth of focus. The amount of pentane sorbed in PS was controlled by the length of the impregnation period and was determined independently by gravimetric measurements. Strong dependence of the structure of the produced foam and of the foaming dynamics on the amount of sorbed pentane, temperature and particle size is reported and explanations for some observed foaming phenomena are provided.
Determination of aluminum, cobalt, lanthanum, and ruthenium on alumina-based catalysts by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

An inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry method was developed to determine percent levels of aluminum, cobalt, lanthanum, and ruthenium in fresh, calcined, and spent alumina-based catalysts. Catalysts were digested with 8% H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ and 10% HCl. Replicate analyses of catalysts of known metals content revealed very good precision and accuracy, percent relative standard deviations for each metal being better than 2%. Results on catalysts are compared to flame atomic absorption spectrometry data for aluminum, cobalt, and ruthenium. Studies showed that no significant interferences existed. 7 tables.