Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phacoemulsification in eyes with white cataract

Objective To study the challenges and the surgical maneuvers in phacoemulsification in eyes with white cataract,aimed to reduce the complications and perform a successful operation. Methods Phacoemulsification were performed in 109 eyes with white cataract between October 2000 and January 2004.In the surgical procedure the anterior capsular was stained with 0.5% indocyanine green(ICG)in 22 eyes and with 0.1% trypan blue in 87 eyes,then continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(CCC)was created.The diameter of CCC was about 4.5～5.0mm. Hydrodissection was avoided.The bevel-down technique and high vacuum pulse phaco mode were chosen to emulsify the nucleus,after the residual cortex removed completely,IOLs was implanted. Results CCC was completed successful in 101 eyes and emulsifying the nucleus intro-capsular;there was one radial tear in the CCC in 2 eyes,both cases have three grade of the nucleus density,first dislocated the nucleus into the anterior chamber,then phacoemulsification was performed in the anterior chamber;failure CCC with several tears was in 6 eyes and the procedure was converted to conventional extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE). Three grade of the nucleus density were in 23 eyes,four grade of the nucleus density were in 68 eyes,five grade of the nucleus density were in 18 eyes.Its average phaco power were 18.6±5.5%,25.7±8.4%,27.7±10.3% respectively and its average phaco time were 77.4±35.5 seconds;100.9±39.4 seconds,155.0±79.4 seconds respectively and its absolute phaco time were 11.9±3.1 seconds;27.6±8.3 seconds;56.5±8.5 seconds respectively.Posterior capsular was rupture in 4 eyes and the IOLs were implanted in the sulcus.In the first day post-operation there were 11 eyes with cornea edema and the cornea became clear after 3 to 5 days.By the first postoperative week,77 eyes had a BCVA of 0.5 or better.5 eyes had a BCVA of worse then 0.1;all cases had preexisting posterior segment pathology. Conclusions The eyes with white cataracts have characteristics including thinner and brittle anterior capsular,cortex liquefaction,high intralenticular pressure and hard naked nucleus.Creating CCC and emulsification of the hard naked nucleus are the main challenges in surgical procedure.Dying anterior capsular is helpful to make a successful CCC.Aimed to reducing the damage to corneal endothelium,soft-shell technique,bevel-down technique and high vacuum pulse phaco mode should be chosen;No hydrodissection play an important role in avoiding the rupture of the posterior capsule in eyes with white cataract.
Sedimentos de fundo e em suspensão no corredor fluvial do rio Paraguai, Pantanal norte Mato-Grossense, Brasil

To understand the variation of solid and liquid discharges during flood and drought periods, the present study aimed to analyze the types of sediments transported on the Paraguay River - the upstream in the city of Caceres (MT). The methodology consisted of collections of bottom and suspended sediments, flow monitoring and laboratory analysis with pipetting/screening and evaporation. The flow values ranged from 615,12 m³/s-1 to 135,74 m³/s-1 on the Paraguay River and from 62,28 m³/s-1 to 0,71 m³/s-1 at the entrance of the Long Bay with 56,61 m³/s-1at the exit of the Long Bay. Concerning to the average depth it was recorded a maximum of 4.73 and minimum of 0.10m. The bottom sediments showed higher sand volume (concentration above 70 %) with the presence of silt and clay. The volume of suspended solids on the Paraguay River ranged from 15412.44 tons/ day and 2111.02 tons/day. It was registered 1076.08 tons/day and 978.22 tons/day of suspended solids at the entrance and the exit of the channel of the morphological feature in the rainy season. It should be emphasized that the results of flow were higher than the historical average (1966-2002) and the values of the bottom sediments were similar to those obtained by Silva et al. (2008). The study proved relevance for the particle size characterization of the bottom sediments, and estimate of the quantity of suspended solids carried by the Paraguay River to morphological features of the floodplain. Key words: seasonality, siltation, channel abandonment.
Densidade, estrutura e distribuição espacial de castanheira-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H. & B.) em dois platôs de floresta ombrófila densa na Amazônia setentrional brasileira

A castanheira (Bertholletia excelsa H. & B. - Lecythidaceae) é uma espécie nativa da Amazônia que tem por habitat as terras não inundáveis (terra firme). O fruto da castanheira é o produto florestal não-madeireiro (PFNM) mais conhecido e solidamente estabelecido nos mercados doméstico e de exportação há mais de um século, constituindo-se na única colheita de sementes comercializada internacionalmente que é feita exclusivamente em florestas tropicais primárias. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a abundância, a distribuição espacial, a estrutura em diâmetro, altura e idade de castanheiras e sua distribuição espacial nos castanhais existentes na floresta pluvial tropical densa em dois platôs na Amazônia setentrional brasileira. Os locais de estudos, denominados platô Almeidas e Aviso, abrangem uma área de, respectivamente, 763 ha e 1.365 ha, onde foram feitos dois inventários, com 100% de intensidade, de todas as árvores de B. excelsa com DAP ≥ 10 cm, sendo registradas, respectivamente, 1.140 e sete árvores, ou seja, densidade de 1,5 árvore/ha e 0,005 árvore/ha. O percentual de árvores jovens (DAP ≤ 60 cm) registrado nos dois platôs estudados é inversamente proporcional à abundância, ou seja, 1,21% (19 árvores) no castanhal de maior densidade (Almeidas) e 71,4% (cinco árvores) no de menor, o que sugere uma colonização recente no platô Aviso. O maior número de árvores (64,1% do total) ocorreu no intervalo de 90-160 cm de diâmetro, entre 200-300 cm foram registradas 78 árvores (6,8% do total). Atualmente, é relativamente raro encontrar castanheiras com diâmetros acima de 300 cm; os nove indivíduos acima deste limite, registrados no platô Almeidas, muito provavelmente têm algumas centenas de anos. A abundância de castanheiras no platô Almeidas e Aviso é uma questão intrigante e difícil de desvendar. Existe a possibilidade de se considerar a origem antrópica dos castanhais do platô Almeidas, que poderá ou não ser confirmada por meio de futuros estudos.
The recorded evidence of AD 1755 Atlantic tsunami on the Gibraltar coast

Evidence of the AD 1755 tsunami consisting of the same type of accretions produced by the re-deposition of earlier sediments, has been recorded at three different height along the coast of Gibraltar: Along a shallow sandy shore, the tsunami wave reached a run-up of 2–3 m, whereas along steep, cliff–lined shores (Rosia Bay) it surpassed 5 m. An overwash deposit was also identified at the bottom of a lagoon (The Inundation), at 0.5 m b.s.l. , on the isthmus that joins the Rock with the mainland. Southern submerged platforms (Vladi’s Reef) were also affected by the erosional backwash to a depth of 22 m. The tsunamigenic sediments exhibit a bimodal granulometry, mainly composed of sands with a coarser fraction composed of marine faunal shells remains, together with larger clasts derived from the rocky substrate. All remobilized sediments were dated by historical methods and radiocarbon dating.
Influence of N-Acetylcysteine on Burned Rats' Inflammatory Effect

Objective:To investigate the influence of N-acetylcysteine on burned rats' inflammatory effect.Methods:A total of 48 Wistar rats were randomized into the experimental group and the control group.Make the burn model.For anti-shock 40ml/kg normal saline water was given to the rats 1 hour later after being burned.N-acetylcysteine was added into anti-shock normal saline water in experimental group(160mg/kg). After that,enough water was given.Killed 6 rats of each group at before being burned,8 hours,16 hours and 24 hours after being burned,and took heart blood immediately to assay the amount of TNF-a by ELISA.Took the whole skin tissue,0.5cm near the head of the wound margin,and counted the number of neutrophill cells under microscope.Results:The amount of TNF-a increased significantly,8 hour to the top,and dropped after that.The amount of experimental group was lower than the control group in responsive time point(P0.05). The number of neutrophill cells increased in both groups after being burned,the experimental group were lower than the control group in responsive time point(P0.05). Conclusion:N-acetylcysteine may decrease the amount of TNF-a in serum and the number of neutrophill cells,reduce the whole and local inflammatory effect.
Systematic palaeontology and biostratigraphy of two Early Cretaceous condensed sections from the Barents Sea

Bivalve, brachiopod and cirripede faunas from the latest Jurassic and Early Cretaceous Barents Sea boreholes 7320/3-U-l and 7425/9-U-l are systematically described and illustrated. Microfossils have also been studied and the cores arc dated on the basis of the fossil recovery. The bivalve Buchia whose zonal sequence has been used for correlation of boreal marine sections is the most important biostratigraphic marker group in the condensed Boreal Berriasian-Hauterivian intervals of these cores. A new species of cirripede Zeugmatolepas? borealis Collins sp. nov. and dinoflagellate cyst Muderongia aequicornusArhus sp. nov. are described. The Late Jurassic fine-grained elastics of core 7320/3-U-l are overlain by about 3 m of grey dolomitic limestone of Valanginian and Hauterivian age. The lowermost part of 7425/9-U-l is represented by a latest Volgian-earliest Berriasian fossiliferous greyish green marl. It is followed by a reddish brown fossilifcrous claystone of Berriasian and perhaps partly Valanginian age. Core 7425/9-U-l also contains a mainly Valanginian greyish green marly limestone which changes into a dark grey to black limestone of Early Barremian age in its upper part. The sedimentological change from condensation to dark grey clay deposition took place in the middle Barremian H. rude-fissicostatum ammonite Zone in 7425/9-U-l and probably slightly earlier in 7320/3-U-l. This was commenced at about the same time as deposition of the inaccurately and only indirectly dated fluvio-deltaic Festningen Sandstone Member on Spitsbergen. The dark claystone may thus be a distal equivalent to this sandstone unit.
Pharmacokinetics of puerarin in normal and cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics of puerarin,an active component in natural cerebral nutrition(CBN),in normal and cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats.METHODS The blood samples at different times after administration were collected.The plasma concentrations of puerarin were determined by HPLC-PAD(photodiode-array detector). The pharmacokinetic parameters were accessed by 3P87.RESULTS Puerarin was disposed as one-compartment model in normal rats,while as tow-compartment model in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats,which accompanied with three unknown chromatography peaks under the puerarin's fluid phase condition.The three peaks were analyzed by PAD and two of them had similar spectrum as puerarin over the range of 200 nm to 800 nm.These two peaks' area flow and declined as the way of puerarin.Their correlative coefficients were 0.995 7 and 0.999 0,respectively.CONCLUSION Puerarin's clearance in normal rats was greatly faster than that in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats.The metabolism of active components is necessary to consider under pathologic condition as an effective ingredient of pueraria isoflavanoids,puerarin may be related to its pharmacokinetics.
Failed unicompartmental knee replacement: a useful technique for assessing proper rotation during subsequent conversion to total knee arthroplasty

The demand for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty has significantly increased over the past 2 decades. Excellent results have been obtained in carefully selected patients. However, failures do occasionally occur. Thus, the surgeon must be aware of the challenges that may arise during revision surgery. Bone loss should always be anticipated. Radiographs tend to underestimate the actual amount of bone loss that exists in vivo. Augmentation, canal filling stems and a revision prosthesis may be required. Furthermore, judging normal anatomic landmarks or axes may not be straightforward. Although many surgeons remove both components early on during revision surgery, we favor a different approach. We describe a simple, yet effective technique to determine correct femoral rotation during conversion of a unicompartmental replacement to total knee arthroplasty.
ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION OF RURAL COMMUNITIES AND ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE: SUBSIDIES FOR PRIORITY AREA FOR CONSERVATION PROPOSITION IN THE RIO GRANDE DO NORTE SEMIARID, BRAZIL

Priority Areas for Conservation are defined in order to protect environments that are home to a richness of species, endemisms and/or endangered species. However, besides these factors, additional studies such as Environmental Perception of local communities and Landscape Analysis are relevant to assess and minimize the negative effects caused to natural environments. In this context and in this perspective, the Mountain Range Complex Joao do Vale was studied, located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, which holds a set of landscapes with different vegetation types that are being replaced by various economic activities resulting from disordered population growth and consequent exploitation of natural resources' potential. The use of these resources, in most cases, occurs improperly, leading to a depletion of this potential. This study proposes to combine Analysis of Landscape, through a Geographic Information System (GIS), to the Environmental Perception of rural communities in order to define Priority Areas for Conservation. Perception data were obtained through direct observation, questioning, interviews and application forms (n = 240); as to the landscape, data from slope maps, Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) and Environmental Vulnerability were used. The Content Analysis used for perception data showed that respondents have a sense of topophilia regarding where they live, hold a vast knowledge about natural resources and responded positively when asked about the choice of an exclusive area for conservation. These results coupledwith the Analysis of Landscape allowed with of Priorty Areas for Conservation in this Mountain Range Complex with three categories of priority low, medium and high.
CONCENTRATION OF NUTRIENTS AND C:N:P RATIOS IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF A TROPICAL COASTAL LAGOON COMPLEX AFFECTED BY AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF

The content of nutrients and the C:N:P ratios were analysed in the sediment of a tropical coastal lagoon system in northwestern Mexico, that receives heavy agricultural runoff since 1950. The relationship between the C:N:P ratios and the sediment type was evaluated in the coastal lagoon system of Bahia de Altata-Ensenada del Pabellon in order to identify the possible origins of the organic matter, from phytoplancton, mangroves, river inflow or agricultural wastewaters. In general, the results of the nutrient content analyses fell into two groups based on the particle size of the sediment: 1) sandy sediments in Bahia de Altata where the concentration of carbon varied from 662 to 974 µmol g 1 , that of nitrogen from 11 to 75 µmol g 1 and that of phosphorus from 11 to 27 µmol g 1 , with a molar ratio of 34-66:1-5:1, and 2) silty clay sediments in Laguna Ensenada del Pabellon with high contents of carbon (2324 to 4080 µmol g 1 ), nitrogen (121 to 635 µmol g 1 ) and phosphorus (18 to 40 µmol g 1 ), and a high C:N:P ratio (102-202:6-16:1). This distribution is associated with agricultural runoff and discharges from a sugar cane processing factory.
Redefining Immunization: Not Just a Shot in the Arm

The persistence and periodic resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases have raised questions about the determinants of poor immunization coverage. In Sub-Saharan Africa, traditional health practitioners (THPs) play a major role in providing health care and health education, particularly in rural areas where Western health care is unavailable. The project, Immunization Advocacy: Saving Lives of Africa’s Children, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, was carried out in three countries, Benin, Nigeria, and Senegal, with THPs and other community-based leaders to gain insight into their basic knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about immunization. In this article, the authors present the results from the Senegal study. In Senegal, 696 THPs involved in community culture, rites, education, and health were surveyed. THPs and community leaders were centrally involved in defining the term immunization during survey development, and their definition was integrated into the survey questionnaire. Results of the study in Senegal show that although knowledge about vaccination is high among THPs, their perceptions of vaccines may hinder the acceptance of vaccines in their communities. THPs define immunization as a comprehensive program of health promotion and provision that includes attention to traditional beliefs and behaviors, overall access to health care and, potentially, vaccination. Effective educational programs that involve THPs in vaccine campaigns from inception, that address their perceptions and integrate their cultural belief systems into vaccine advocacy programs in a culture-centered manner, and that recognize and respect the importance of comprehensive primary health care will be necessary to improve essential vaccine coverage in this population.
Integrating Non-Destructive Ion Beam Analysis Methods and AMS Radiocarbon Dating for the Study of Ancient Bronze Statues

Analytical methods based on particle accelerators are widely used in cultural heritage diagnostics and archaeological sciences from the absolute dating of organic materials by means of radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to the analysis of the elemental composition of a wide range of materials (metals, obsidians, pottery) via ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques. At CEDAD (Centre for Dating and Diagnostics), the accelerator facility of the University of Salento, AMS 14C dating and PIXE (particle-induced X-ray emission)-PIGE (particle-induced gamma-ray emission) compositional analysis in external beam mode are combined to study certain archaeological materials. We present a review of the combined application of these analytical methods in the study of casting cores of the Riace bronzes, 2 classical Greek statues of extraordinary importance for the history of art.
Host density drives viral, but not trypanosome, transmission in a key pollinator

Supplemental feeding of wildlife populations can locally increase the density of individuals, which may in turn impact disease dynamics. Flower strips are a widely used intervention in intensive agricultural systems to nutritionally support pollinators such as bees. Using a controlled experimental semi-field design, we asked how density impacts transmission of a virus and a trypanosome parasite in bumblebees. We manipulated bumblebee density by using different numbers of colonies within the same area of floral resource. In high-density compartments, slow bee paralysis virus was transmitted more quickly, resulting in higher prevalence and level of infection in bumblebee hosts. By contrast, there was no impact of density on the transmission of the trypanosome Crithidia bombi, which may reflect the ease with which this parasite is transmitted. These results suggest that agri-environment schemes such as flower strips, which are known to enhance the nutrition and survival of bumblebees, may also have negative impacts on pollinators through enhanced disease transmission. Future studies should assess how changing the design of these schemes could minimize disease transmission and thus maximise their health benefits to wild pollinators.
Unhatched eggs represent the invisible fraction in two wild bird populations

Prenatal mortality is typically overlooked in population studies, which biases evolutionary inference by confounding selection and inheritance. Birds represent an opportunity to include this ‘invisible fraction’ if each egg contains a zygote, but whether hatching failure is caused by fertilization failure versus prenatal mortality is largely unknown. We quantified fertilization failure rates in two bird species that are popular systems for studying evolutionary dynamics and found that overwhelming majorities (99.9%) of laid eggs were fertilized. These systems thus present opportunities to eliminate the invisible fraction from life-history data.
Leader–follower consensus on activity-driven networks

Social groups such as schools of fish or flocks of birds display collective dynamics that can be modulated by group leaders, which facilitate decision-making toward a consensus state beneficial to the entire group. For instance, leaders could alert the group about attacking predators or the presence of food sources. Motivated by biological insight on social groups, we examine a stochastic leader–follower consensus problem where information sharing among agents is affected by perceptual constraints and each individual has a different tendency to form social connections. Leveraging tools from stochastic stability and eigenvalue perturbation theories, we study the consensus protocol in a mean-square sense, offering necessary-and-sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability and closed-form estimates of the convergence rate. Surprisingly, the prediction of our minimalistic model share similarities with observed traits of animal and human groups. Our analysis anticipates the counterintuitive result that heterogeneity can be beneficial to group decision-making by improving the convergence rate of the consensus protocol. This observation finds support in theoretical and empirical studies on social insects such as spider or honeybee colonies, as well as human teams, where inter-individual variability enhances the group performance.
Mechanical degradation model of porous magnesium scaffolds under dynamic immersion

A new generation of bone scaffolds incorporates features like biodegradability and biocompatibility. A combination of these attributes will result in having a temporary bone scaffold for tissue regeneration that mimics the natural cancellous bone. Under normal conditions, scaffolds will be gradually eroded. This surface erosion occurs due to the immersion and the movement of bone marrow. Surface erosion on bone scaffolds leads to changes of the morphology. The mechanical response of the scaffolds due to the surface erosion is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of the dynamic immersion condition on the degradation behaviour and mechanical properties of porous magnesium. In the present work, load-bearing biomaterial scaffolds made of pure magnesium are immersed in simulated body fluids (SBF) with a certain flow rate. Samples with different porosities are subjected to tomography and are used to develop virtual 3D models. By means of numerical simulations, the mechanical properties, for instance, elastic modulus, plateau stress, 0.2% offset yield stress and energy absorption of these degraded samples are collected. The findings are then validated with the values obtained from the experimental tests. Finite element method enables the study on the failure mechanism within the biomaterial scaffolds. The knowledge of how weak walls or thin struts collapsed under compressive loading is essential for future biomaterial scaffolds development. Results from the experimental tests are found in sound good agreement with the numerical simulations.