Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First capture and description of larval torrentfish (Cheimarrichthys fosteri) during their seaward migration

ABSTRACT While many of New Zealand’s freshwater fishes undertake larval migrations as part of their amphidromous life-history, little is known of the larval stages of these fish. Torrentfish (Cheimarrchthys fosteri), a New Zealand endemic, amphidromous, riffle specialist are particularly enigmatic; their spawning sites and behaviours are unknown, and larvae have never been collected either emigrating from freshwater or during their marine feeding phase. During summer drift sampling, we captured unidentified fish larvae emigrating downstream in the Waianakarua River, South Island, New Zealand. Based on multiple lines of evidence (meristic comparisons with adults, morphology, time of capture, and adult fish populations of the Waianakarua) we identify these larvae as torrentfish. This represents the first time torrentfish larvae have been captured or identified, laying the foundations for future studies into the early life-history and ecology of this unique and threatened fish.
The efficacy of bacterial and yeasts strains and their combination to bind aflatoxin B1 and B2 in artificially contaminated infants food

Aflatoxins could be detoxify by microbes to reduce their toxic effect in contaminated food. Cerelac is the common baby food in Egypt. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of both probiotics bacteria and yeasts on aflatoxins B1 and B2 dtoxification. Bacteria (heat acid inactivated); S. thermophilus TH-4, B. bifidum and yeasts; k. lactis, S. cerevisiae were used to detoxify these aflatoxins. In PBS each bacterial strain, reduced AFB1 and AFB2 by 28-29% and great reduction of 55% was achieved using both bacterial strains in combination. Similarly, yeast strains were able to reduce AFB1 and AFB2; 54% with S. cerevisiae and 42% with K. lactis, with higher reduction of 66.6% using both yeast strains in combination. Using the probiotic combination with Cerelac exhibited higher level of B1 and B2 reduction by 94.1%, 94.5%, respectively. Scanning Eectron Microscopy confirmed the ability of these probiotics to adsorb the toxins particles. Practical applications Probiotic and yeast mixtures could be the best materials used to reduce and/or eliminate mycotoxins especially aflatoxins from foods. Moreover, it can be used as food additives in infants food (Cerelac) to reduce the bioavailability of the aflatoxins in synthesized food.
Spatial growth variability in marine fish: example from Northeast Pacific groundfish

Spatial growth variability in marine fish: example from Northeast Pacific groundfish Vladlena Gertseva*, Sean E. Matson, and Jason Cope Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA Sustainable Fisheries Division, West Coast Regional Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98115, USA *Corresponding author: tel: þ1 206 860 3457; fax: þ1 206 860 6792; e-mail: vladlena.gertseva@noaa.gov
A Potential Role for Sortilin in Lp(a) and Apo(a) Metabolism

vi DEDICATION . vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . viii LIST OF TABLES . xiv LIST OF FIGURES . xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xvii CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Cardiovascular Disease and Atherosclerosis . 1 1.2 Lipoprotein(a) and Apolipoprotein(a) . 4 1.2. 1 Structure of Lp(a) and Apo(a) . 4 1.2. 2 Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Plasma . 8 1.2. 3 Lipoprotein(a) Pathophysiology . 8 1.2. 4 Potential Mechanisms of Action . 9 1.2. 5 Lp(a) Assembly . 13 1.2. 6 Production, Maturation, and Secretion of Apo(a) . 16 1.2. 7 Lp(a) Catabolism . 19 1.3 Sortilin: Defining Structure, Function, and Multi-Ligand Nature . 22 1.3. 1 Putative Role of Sortilin in Human Disease . 30
Integrated control of Alternaria solani with Trichoderma spp. and fungicides under in vitro conditions.

The antagonistic efficiency of Trichoderma spp in integration with three fungicides (Captan, Cobox and Dithane M-45) against Alternaria solani was studied in an in vitro experiment conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology, KP Agricultural University, Peshawar, during 2006. Six isolates of Trichoderma were used individually and in combination with the fungicides by inoculating each of the antagonist at four sites around the pathogen on potato dextrose agar medium amended with the fungicides @ of 200 mg l. In the control treatment, neither an antagonist nor a fungicide was applied. Each treatment was replicated five times in a completely randomized factorial design. After 10 and 20 days of incubation, data were taken by measuring the mean colony diameters of A. solani. The results showed that main effects of antagonists and fungicides and the interaction effect between antagonists and fungicides were significant (P<0.05). The greatest reduction in the colony diameter of A. solani was caused when Trichoderma harzianum (Th12) was integrated with Dithane M-45. These results show that integration of Trichoderma with the lower doses of the fungicides may offer a promising control of A. solani. This will reduce reliance on the indiscriminate use of fungicides, leading to more cost-effective and environmentfriendly control of the disease.
Spatially structured morphological and molecular diversity among Dioscorea cayenensis and D. rotundata yam accessions

Abstract Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are one of the main root and tuber crops in the world, especially within the species complex Dioscorea cayenensis/D. rotundata. Few studies have been conducted in Brazil with these species, including genetic diversity. The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of local varieties of D. cayenensis and D. rotundata using morphological and molecular markers, and provide information on the management and use of the crop by family farmers from different regions in Brazil. Thus, yam tubers were sampled from several municipalities in the South, Southeast and Northeast regions. Eighteen morphological traits and ten microsatellite loci were used to analyse 47 yam accessions (23 D. cayenensis and 24 D. rotundata). Species identification was carried out after field morphological evaluation. Spatial genetic analysis indicated significant structure among the local varieties, mostly between regions and species. Both cluster and Bayesian analyses showed a separation of the accessions into two distinct groups: group I with accessions originated from the Southeast region and group II with accessions originated from the Northeast region, while accessions from the South region were intermediate or included in either group. The results showed a separation between D. cayenensis and D. rotundata accessions in Brazil, and that D. cayenensis occurs predominantly in the Southeast region, while D. rotundata occurs in the Northeast region. Further studies with larger sampling would be welcome in order to confirm these findings. Also, this study highlights the importance of family farmers in the genetic diversity conservation of these species in Brazil.
Sequencing and analyzing complete mitochondrial genome of Anser cygnoides (Anserini: Anserinae)

Abstract The complete mitogenome sequence of Anser cygnoides was determined and compared with those previously released. The whole mitogenome was 16,740 bp, with 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 putative non-coding region (1178 bp). The overall nucleotide composition was 30.2%, 32.0%, 15.1%, and 22.7% for A, C, G, and T, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses strongly supported two clades in Anserini and demonstrated that A. cygnoides is not monophylogenetic. This division of A. cygnoides indicates that more research is necessary to clarify phylogenetic relationships for A. cygnoides and determine how they relate to morphological traits.
Phytochemical research of Galium aparine L. lipophilic complex and study of its antibacterial activity

From Galium aparine L. herb lipophilic complex of biologically active substances had been obtained for the first time. By means of TLC and chromatography-mass-spectrometry the composition of lipophilic complex had been studied. 3 Sesquiterpenoids, squalene, 7 aromatic compounds, higher alkanes and their derivatives, fatty acids have been identified and quantified; presence of chlorophylls, carotenoids and 2 iridoids had been established. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Galium aparine herb lipophilic complex and degree of these activities have been studied for the first time. Test-strains of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans were highly sensitive and B. subtilis is moderately sensitive to lipophilic complex of Galium aparine herb. Keyword: Galium aparine L. , chromatography-mass-spectrometry, antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Digestibility, growth and pigmentation of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin or lutein diets in Lake Kurumoi rainbowfish, Melanotaenia parva (Allen) cultured species

New cultured ornamental fish namely Lake Kurumoi rainbowfish Melanotaenia parva (Allen) run into reduced of colour performances when reared in the aquaria, consequently, fish feed must be added with carotenoids as a pigment source. The aim of this study was to evaluate the digestibility, growth and pigmentation of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and lutein in diet. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, lipid, protein, carotenoids, growth and pigmentation were studied in twenty fish after 14 and 56 days of observation. The single-dose supplementation of 100 mg/kg of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, or lutein diets on fish was fed by apparent satiation. The basal diet without carotenoids was used as control. The result showed that the ADC of carotenoids of test diets was higher compared to control. Fish fed astaxanthin diet had higher survival rate (96.67 ± 2.89%), colour measurements of lightness (57.60 ± 7.46%), a*-values (4.66 ± 1.20), total carotenoids content in skin (33.75 ± 5.02 mg/kg) and muscle (2.16 ± 0.74 mg/kg). Astaxanthin also increased the growth after 14 days (2.00% ± 0.19%/days) but there was no significantly different at the end of experiment. The yellowish-orange colour performance was more rapidly achieved by fish fed astaxanthin diet after 28 days experimentation. These values suggested that dietary carotenoids were required and astaxanthin diet was superior to other diets for skin pigmentation of Lake Kurumoi rainbowfish.
SEM of seed coat surface and SDS-PAGE of seed protein criteria in certain taxa of the Primulaceae

SEM of seed coat surface and SDS-PAGE of seed protein criteria were used to re-assess the taxonomic relationships between 12 species belonging to three genera of Primulaceae, viz. Cyclamen L. (one species),Lysimachia L. (six species) and Primula L. (five species). The data obtained, in addition to other characters available in the literature, were analyzed by the NTSYS-pc. Program package using the UPGMA clustering method. A considerable divergence was evident between Cyclamen and each of Lysimachia and Primula. A close relationship was recorded between each of Lysimachia lichiangensis Thunb. & L. verticillata Bieb; L. ephemerum (Gray) Hbd. & L. punctata L. ; Primula burmanica Fern. & P. japonica Gray; Primula elatior (L.) Hill & P. veris L. The variations in SDS-PAGE of seed protein profiles were compatible to some extent with the morphological variations exhibited in these taxa. The validity of using the seed coat microsculpture and seed protein electrophoretic criteria as taxonomic evidence in the Primulaceae was referred to.
Conjugated linoleic acid and betain prevent pork quality issues from diets containing distillers′ dried grains with solubles

Su, B. , Wang, L. , Wang, H. , Shi, B. , Shan, A. and Li, Y. 2013. Conjugated linoleic acid and betain prevent pork quality issues from diets containing distillers′ dried grains with solubles. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 477-485. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or betaine (BET) in diets containing distillers′ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on the fatty acid profile and the shelf-life attributes of pork. Thirty-two (60±2 kg) crossed-bred barrows (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshine) were randomly assigned to one of four diets: (1) the control diet containing no corn DDGS (control group); (2) the diet containing 30% corn DDGS (DDGS-fed group); (3) the diet containing 30% corn DDGS and 10 g kg-1 CLA (CLA-fed group); (4) the diet containing 30% corn DDGS and 1 g kg-1 BET (BET-fed group). Dietary DDGS decreased the proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P<0.05), and increased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P<0.05) in pork with respect to the control group, whereas dietary CLA and BET decreased the proportion of PUFA and increased the proportion of SFA in pork compared with DDGS-fed group. Pork treated with DDGS alone had higher total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value (P<0.05) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value (P<0.05) with respect to the control diet during display, whereas CLA-fed group and BET-fed group had lower TVB-N concentration and TBARS value (P<0.05) in pork than DDGS-fed group. There was no significant difference of instrumental color (L*, a*, b*) between DDGS-fed group and the control group (P>0.05). However, CLA-fed and BET-fed groups maintained lower L* values and higher a* values (P<0.05), but did not affect b* values with respect to the DDGS-fed group and the control group. Results confirmed that diets containing 30% DDGS have some adverse effects on pork freshness and lipid peroxidation; However, supplementation with CLA or BET can partially reverse these effects and improve color image of pork during display.
Evaluación in vitro de extractos del genero Lilium para el control de Fusarium oxysporum

Se evaluA³ el efecto antifAongico de extractos de bulbos de Lilium hA­brido L/A â€œIndian summerâ€ sobre Fusarium oxysporum considerado como hongo patA³geno que provoca daA±os severos en la agricultura y pA©rdidas econA³micas en diversos sectores de la industria. El extracto crudo se fraccionA³ en tres sub-extractos de acuerdo a la polaridad (polar, medianamente polar y no polar), los cuales se sometieron a bioensayos de inhibiciA³n siendo papa-dextrosa-agar (PDA) el tratamiento testigo. Las muestras que se trataron con el extracto medianamente polar presentaron la mayor inhibiciA³n, al disminuir la tasa de crecimiento en un 27%, en comparaciA³n al crecimiento micelial del testigo. Sin embargo, al comparar con extractos vegetales que reportaron bajo condiciones similares, se descarta como inhibidor del crecimiento y se considera como fungistAitico. Â
EVALUATION AND UTILIZATION OF SOME EGYPTIAN PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata) CULTIVARS

Four Egyptian pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) cultivars namely: Qena, Edwa, Kafr-Saad and Kafr-El-Batikh were used in this study. The objective of this study was carried out to evaluate physical properties, chemical composition, mineral contents, beta-carotene as well as ascorbic acid contents of the fruits. Beside, preparation and evaluation of pumpkin flour, pumpkin marmalade and Qamar El-Din sheets product containing 10, 20 and 30% of pumpkin pulp. From physical properties data, there are differences in fruit shapes and weight of seeds per fruit among the studied cultivars. The pulp constituted ranged from 70 to 71.53%; peel from 26.49 to 27.99% and seed from 0.27 to 1.67% of fruits weight. The moisture content of fruits ranged from 91.33 to 94.88%, crude protein content from 0.60 to 1.35%; crude fat from 0.14 to 0.15%; crude fiber from 0.34 to 0.55%; Ash content ranged from 0.45 to 0.90% and carbohydrate from 3.59 to 5.68% (on wet weight basis). The mineral salts analysis indicated that pumpkin fruits are rich source of potassium (K) which ranged from 2350 to 2540 mg/100g on dry weight. Beta-carotene content ranged from 18 to 106 mg/100g (on dry weight basis) while, Vitamin C content ranged from 2.3 to 29.7 mg/100g of fresh fruits. Chemical composition of the prepared pumpkin flour indicated its high contents of protein, ash and crude fibers and could be a good complement for wheat flour as well as its used as a source of beta-carotene and yellow color supplement in bakery products. The highly organoleptic evaluation of the prepared pumpkin marmalade could be encourage to use this crop for producing marmalade, jams and preserves as a good application. An acceptability of panelists with no significant differences in taste and flavor between control and Qamar El-Din sheets product containing 10% of pumpkin pulp and could be produce this famous product in Arabic countries with lower price as well as find an other new use for pumpkin fruits.
Screening of soybean genotypes for resistance to pod sucking bug, Riptortus linearis

Krisnawati A, Bayu MSIY, Adie MM. 2017. Screening of soybean genotypes for resistance to pod sucking bug, Riptortus linearis. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 181-187. Pod sucking bug, Riptortus linearis, is potentially harmful pest of soybean in Indonesia. The development of resistant variety is one of the major goal in soybean breeding. The research aimed was to identify the resistance of soybean genotypes to pod sucking bug. The experiment was conducted in Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Instituteâ€™s screen house from March to June 2015. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design using 10 soybean genotypes with three replicates. The resistance was evaluated by choice and no-choice test. Data collected on some agronomic characters, number of damaged pod/plant, and number of damaged seed/plant. The resistance criteria determined by using the method from Chiang and Talekar (1980). The results showed that the lowest percentage of pod and seed damage was found on G511H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8 in both no-choice and choice test. In the no-choice test, the lowest percentage of pod and seed damage were 25.83% and 19.12%, respectively. In the choice test, the lowest percentage of pod and seed damage were 25.02% and 20.02%, respectively. The grouping of resistance genotypes based on the no-choice test as well as choice test, the genotype G511H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8 showed a consistently resistant. This genotype could be used as a resistant donor in the soybean breeding program for resistance to pod sucking bug.
Nesting by Golden Eagles on the North Slope of the Brooks Range in Northeastern Alaska

--Twenty-two G lden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nesting territories and 31 occupied eagle nests were documented on the north slope of the Brooks Range in northeastern Alaska, 1988-1990, in an area previously thought to be marginal breeding habitat for eagles. The mean number of young/successful nest was 1.25 in 1988, 1.27 in 1989, and 1.13 in 1990; means did not differ significantly among years. Eighty percent (20/25) of the nestlings for which age was estimated were assumed to have successfully f edged. Nesting success was 79% (11/14) in 1989, the only year nesting success could be determined. Laying dates ranged from 23 March (1990) to 11 May (1989) with mean estimated laying dates differing significantly among years. Annual variation in nesting phenology coincided with annual differences in snow accumulations during spring. These results indicate that Golden Eagles consistently and successfully breed at the northern extent of their range in Alaska, although, productivity may be lower than that for eagles at more southern latitudes.
Effects of Toe-Clipping on Growth, Body Condition, and Locomotion of Cane Toads (Rhinella marina)

Toe-clipping is a standard technique for marking reptiles and amphibians individually, but concerns have been raised about the impact of the practice on animal welfare, survival, and behavior. We used a long-term mark-recapture dataset to investigate the impact of toe removal on free-ranging adult Cane Toads (Rhinella marina). Our analysis of 213 toads showed no impact of the number of toes removed on growth rates for mass or snout–urostyle length, nor any effect on body condition. Trials with sub-adult toads on a laboratory raceway revealed a short-term impact of toe-clipping on willingness to move (i.e., decreased immediately post-clipping), but no other significant impacts on locomotion. In summary, toe-clipping had minimal effects on Cane Toad locomotor ability, growth rate, or body condition.
Riparian forests along small streams on managed forest land in Sweden

ABSTRACT This study investigated characteristics of riparian forests on managed forest land in Sweden. Forest and site characteristics were inventoried at three sites, located along a south to north gradient, in 139 transects placed perpendicular to 38 stream reaches (<10 m wide), in forests representing the age classes 0–25, 26–75 and >75 years. Starting from the stream edge, the 30 m long transects were divided into three zones: 0–5, 5–15 and 15–30 m. The stem volumes of Pinus sylvestris L. , Picea abies (L.) H. Karst, Betula spp. and broadleaved trees, the basal area share of Alnus spp. , the stem density, and Sphagnum spp. coverage all showed an effect of zone (p < 0.05). The 0–5 m zone had the lowest volume of P. sylvestris and the highest volumes of P. abies, Betula spp. and broadleaved trees as well as the highest total stem density and basal area share of Alnus spp. Some characteristics of the northernmost site tended to differ from the two sites located in south-central Sweden. Knowledge of the characteristics of riparian forests as found in this study could aid long-term forestry planning and improve precision in the preservation and development of riparian forests with certain qualities.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Scutellonema species from yam (Dioscorea spp.) and a key to the species of the genus

Summary The yam nematode, Scutellonema bradys, is a major threat to yam (Dioscorea spp.) production across yam-growing regions. In West Africa, this species cohabits with many morphologically similar congeners and, consequently, its accurate diagnosis is essential for control and for monitoring its movement. In the present study, 46 Scutellonema populations collected from yam rhizosphere and yam tubers in different agro-ecological zones in Ghana and Nigeria were characterised by their morphological features and by sequencing of the D2-D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene and the mitochondrial COI genes. Molecular phylogeny, molecular species delimitation and morphology revealed S. bradys, S. cavenessi, S. clathricaudatum and three undescribed species from yam rhizosphere. Only S. bradys was identified from yam tuber tissue, however. For barcoding and identifying Scutellonema spp. , the most suitable marker used was the COI gene. Additionally, 99 new Scutellonema sequences were generated using populations obtained also from banana, carrot, maize and tomato, including the first for S. paralabiatum and S. clathricaudatum, enabling the development of a dichotomous key for identification of Scutellonema spp. The implications of these results are discussed.
Hippocampal Neurogenesis in the Kindling Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Research over the last two decades has revealed that the process of neurogenesis continues in some brain regions throughout adulthood in mammals. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation displays adult neurogenesis and is known to be critical for some forms of learning and memory. Adult neurogenesis has been proposed to play an important role in hippocampal function. Seizures have been found to increase the rate of adult neurogenesis as well as alter the development of newborn neurons. Seizure-induced changes in neurogenesis have been proposed to underlie some of the cognitive impairments seen in epileptic patients. This thesis examines changes in neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus in the kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy in rats, and explores the potential impact of these changes on hippocampal function.