Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lumbrineridae (Polychaeta) from the Capbreton Canyon (Bay of Biscay, NE Atlantic) with the description of two new species

During the Capbreton 1988 to 1990 cruises, samples of benthic macrofauna were taken at 37 stations situated along the continental slope (from 480 to 1113 m depth), on both sides of the Capbreton Canyon and in its axis. Lumbrinerid polychaetes were collected in 20 of these samples. This work includes the description of eight species belonging to six genera. Six of the species have already been described in the region: Abyssoninoe scopa (Fauchald, 1974), Augeneria algida (Wiren, 1901), Lumbrinerides amoureuxi Miura, 1980, Lumbrineris aniara Fauchald, 1974, Lumbrineris futilis Kinberg, 1865, and Ninoe armoricana Glemarec, 1968. The other two are described as new species belonging to the genera Augeneria and Lumbricalus . Some type-material of these species was revised and some notes also included.
Effects of Maturation on Seawater Tolerance of Anadromous Arctic Char

Abstract Maturation severely impaired the seawater adaptability of 2-year-old anadromous Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus reared under conditions of continuous light and ambient freshwater temperature, Seawater tolerance was strongly reduced when fish started to develop spawning color. Maturing fish had 30% lower gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity than immature fish, and they were not able to increase the activity after transfer to seawater. During early summer, immature fish were able to adapt to seawater, showing values of plasma Na+ concentration moderately higher in seawater than in freshwater and an increased gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity.
EFFECTS OF ASSOCIATED FAUNA ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE RED MANGROVE

The ability of herbivores to influence growth in marine plant communities is well documented. However, the role of nonherbivorous fauna in directly affecting growth and productivity in marine plants has only recently begun to emerge. The boring isopod Sphaeroma peruvianum and encrusting barnacle Balanus spp. are closely associated with prop roots of the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. This study first examines the impact, both spatially and temporally, of these two inver- tebrates on the growth and productivity of mangrove prop roots. Second, the ability of benthic or water column predators to mediate the extent of the faunal impacts on growth and production of prop roots is assessed. Roots were tagged and monitored seasonally for isopod and barnacle inhabitation and settlement. Experimental caging techniques established that the presence of burrowing isopods on prop roots can cause a 50%, and of encrusting barnacles, a 30%, decrease in root growth rate and a 62% (with isopods) and 52% (with barnacles) decrease in net root production. The magnitude and spatial extent of these effects are mediated indirectly by predation. Aerial roots not yet in contact with the substrate are susceptible to isopod and barnacle recruitment. Aerial roots in contact with the substrate (ground roots) are free from encrusting barnacles primarily because of the foraging activity of a benthic predator, the hermit crab Clibanarius panamensis, which climbs these roots during high tide to forage indiscriminately on newly settled barnacles. Isopod absence from lateral roots that originate from ground roots (lateral-G roots) is explained best by predation rather than dispersal barriers. Isopods burrowed and survived for extended periods in lower lateral-G roots when predators were excluded. Isopods are probably excluded from older roots that have entered the substrate because they cannot burrow into the tough, woody tissues of these roots.
Assessment of reproductive capacity in females of Callinectes danae Smith, 1869 (Brachyura, Portunoidea) during a period of high reproductive activity

The reproductive capacity of the swimming crab Callinectes danae Smith, 1869 was assessed based on the reproductive investment (RI) of ovigerous females and the gonadosomatic index (GI) of non-ovigerous adult females. Crabs were collected in June 2009 with a shrimp fishing boat at Ubatuba (23° 26′S 45° 02′W) São Paulo, Brazil. Overall, 191 adult females were analyzed, of which 108 were ovigerous and 83 non-ovigerous. The size of ovigerous females ranged from 54.5 to 79.8 mm carapace width (CW) and non-ovigerous females ranged from 56.0 to 80.9 mm CW. RI values did not differ among the size classes (ANOVA, p > 0.05), with an overall mean of 15.8%. The same occurred with the Gonadossomatic index for non-ovigerous females, for which the mean value was 11.7%. The regression between the dry weight of the egg mass and the dry weight of the crab (Student’s t, p = 0.25; ttab = 1.66; tcal = 0.66) indicated an isometric relationship for the variables analyzed. The simultaneous occurrence of gonadal maturation and embryonic development in ovigerous females suggests that these crabs may spawn at least twice in the same breeding season and reveals the need for evaluation of the allocation of energy in subsequent spawns.
Reproductive success in wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) established using molecular techniques

In this study, we used 21 microsatellite loci to establish the reproductive success of the wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) population at Elk Island National Park, Alberta, Canada. Wood bison are considered threatened in Canada, and this population is currently used to found new populations. Despite the low levels of genetic variation in this population, we were able to establish paternity in 253 and maternity in 295 of the 317 calves born in Elk Island National Park over the 4-year study period. Roughly 40% of the mature males were reproductively successful each year. Mature males produced a mean of 3.8 offspring over the study period, with a range of 024. Each year, approximately 5070% of the cows produced calves, with a mean of 2.7 over the study period. Multiple linear regressions were performed to determine the effects of age, mass, heterozygosity, prior success, and the year of conception on male and female reproductive success. Only mass and prior success were useful in predicting male reprodu.
Strategies and protocols for clinical 31P research in the heart and brain

Although in vivo 31P NMR permits unique measurements of the body’s stores of high energy phosphate metabolites, their low concentrations place critical limits and demands on spatial resolution, localization techniques, and reproducibility. We argue that optimum reliability and reproducibility of in vivo measurements of metabolite ratios and concentrations is best achieved by preselecting the minimal requirements for spatial localization suited to, and varying with, the particular organ and disease type. Strategies for measuring metabolite ratios and concentrations in the human heart and brain are discussed and demonstrated in the context of the expeditious choice of operating parameters, including localized volume size, localization technique, NMR coils, radiofrequency-field uniformity, patient positioning, and corrections for spectral distortion caused by NMR relaxation, to optimize the return of useful metabolic information in practical clinical research exams of about an hour duration.
Consumer Acceptance of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) as an Alternative Species to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Rainbow trout and brown trout were prepared and distributed to consumers for comparative taste tests to determine consumer reaction to brown trout. In-home tests were standardized with paired samples of fish. Color of flesh, odor, flavor, texture and overall acceptability were recorded on a 9-point Hedonic scale. Sensory results indicated that brown trout raised in farm stock ponds were more acceptable than rainbow trout from similar environments, and rainbow trout from natural winter-kill lakes were more acceptable than brown trout from the same or similar lakes. Overall, we conclude that brown trout would be acceptable to consumers. Variations in acceptability related to water body of origin rather than to species of fish. Significant differences occurred in some characteristics but were inconsistent as to species.
Plasma corticosteroid stress response of fourteen species of warmwater fish to transportation

Abstract Plasma corticosteroid concentrations were measured in 14 species of fish immediately after they were electrofished from reservoirs on the Alabama River and after they had been transported for 2 h. There was no corticosteroid response in spotted gars Lepisosteus oculatus. Bowfins Amia calva, longnose gars Lepisosteus osseus, and freshwater drums Aplodinotus grunniens had only small corticosteroid increases (14–39 ng/mL) during transportation. Corticosteroids increased by intermediate amounts (59–184 ng/mL) during transportation in blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, paddlefish Polyodon spathula, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, river carpsuckers Carpiodes carpio, white bass Morone chrysops, striped bass Morone saxatilis, and crappies Pomoxis sp. The greatest increases were 223 ng/mL in gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum and 286 ng/mL in common carp Cyprinus carpio. Spotted and longnose gars, largemouth bass, and common carp also were held in tanks for about 2 .
An analysis of the larval instars of the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in northern California black walnut, Juglans hindsii, and a new host record for Hylocurus hirtellus

Abstract By measuring and analyzing larval head capsule widths, we determined that a northern California population of the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), has three larval instars. We also developed rules to classify P. juglandis larval instars. Overlap in the ranges of widths among consecutive instars was addressed by fitting a distribution model to the data and determining limits for head capsule width classes and probabilities of instar misclassification. Growth ratios for laboratory and field samples of P. juglandis were consistent with the Brooks-Dyar rule and with results in the literature for other bark and ambrosia beetle species. As a consequence of branch dissection to retrieve larvae of P. juglandis, we established that northern California black walnut, Juglans hindsii (Jeps.) Jeps. ex R.E. Sm. , is a host for the xylophagous “California hardwood bark beetle,” Hylocurus hirtellus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), and that H. hirtellus is associated with P. juglandis beneath the bark of small diameter branches. It appears that in northern California, univoltine H. hirtellus is active in flight from early March through early May, with the majority of the adults dispersing in April. The females are the colonizing sex.
Phylogenetic grouping of cultural types of Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2 based on ribosomal ITS sequences.

The complete ITS sequence (ITS1-5.8S- ITS2) of 28 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2 has been determined, aligned and processed for phylo- genetic reconstruction using maximum parsimony, showing the division of AG 2-2 into three cultural types (AG 2-2 IIIB, AG 2-2 IV and AG 2-2 LP).
Patch Isolation, Corridor Effects, and Colonization by a Resident Sparrow in a Managed Pine Woodland

*Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A. ,Department of Biology, Marlboro College, Marlboro, VT 05344, U.S.A. I~)epartment of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, U.S.A. ¶Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, U.S.A. Abstract: The isolation of habitat patches is often cited as having a major impact on the dynamics of small populations occupying patches in a complex iandscape Few studie~ howet~, have provided field data demonstrating that isolation has an identifiable effect on specific populations independent of other factors such as local habitat qualify or that landscape factors such as corridors can alleviate such effect£ We conducted field surveys of Bachman's Sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis) populations in region~ which we call linear landscape~ where suitable habitat patches were isolated to varying degrees from potential sources of dispersing bird~ In these linear iandscape. % isolated patches of habitat were less likely to be colonized than were nonisolated patche~ We also found that corridor configurations of habitat patches improved the ability of sparrows to find and settle in newly created patchex These results suggest that for species that do not disperse easily through inhospitable landscape~ habitat occupancy at a regional scale can be enhanced by careful landscape design and pianning. Aislamiento de parches, efecto de los corredores y colonizaci6n de un gorri6n residente en un Pinar bajo manejo Resumen: El aisiamiento de los parches de hdbitag es a menudo citado como un factor que tiene un gran impacto sobre la dindmica de pobiaciones pequcnk~ que ocul~n parches en patsajes complejo~ Sin embargo, muy pocos estudios han brtndado datos de campo que demuestren clue el aisiamiento tiene un efecto reconocible sobre poblaciones especificas, independientemente de factores tales como ia calidad del hdbita~ u otros factores tales como los corredores que pueden alivtar tales effectox Conducimos estudios de campo de pobiaciones del gorri6n de Bachman (Aimophila aestivalis), en regiones que nosotros llamamos "'paisajes lineales'~ d6nde los parches de hdbitats estaban aislado~ en distinto gradc~ de potenciales fuentes dispersoras de pdjaro~ En estos paisajes lineales los parches de hdbitats aislados eran menos proclives a ser colonizados que los parches no-aisiadox Tambin revised manuscript accepted June ~ 1994. 542
Climate and the distribution of Fallopia japonica: use of an introduced species to test the predictive capacity of response surfaces

Abstract. The relationship between present climate and the distribution in Europe of the aggressively invasive exotic Fallopia japonica is described by fitting a response surface based on three bioclimatic variables: mean temperature of the coldest month, the annual temperature sum > 5 °C, and the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration. The close fit between the observed and simulated distributions suggests that the species' European distribution is climatically determined. The response surface also provides a simulation of the extent of the area of native distribution of F. japonica in Southeast Asia that is generally accurate, confirming the robustness of the static correlative model upon which it is based. Simulations of the potential distribution of F. japonica under two alternative 2 x CO2 climate change scenarios indicate the likelihood of considerable spread into higher latitudes and possible eventual exclusion of the species from central Europe. However, despite the robustness of the response surface with present-day climate, the reliability of these simulations as forecasts is likely to be limited because no account is taken of the direct effects of CO2 and their interaction with the species' physiological responses to climate. Similarly, no account is taken of the potential impact of interactions with ‘new’ species as ecosystems change in composition in response to climate change. Nevertheless, the simulations indicate both the possible magnitude of the impacts of forecast climate changes and the regions that may be susceptible to invasion by F. japonica.
Sediment resuspension, salinity and temperature affect the plankton community of a shallow coastal lake

Climate change is predicted to cause an increasing frequency of storm tides, rising sea levels and water temperatures, and altered precipitation and run-off. Such changes are likely to influence turbidity, salinity and temperature regimes of coastal aquatic ecosystems. To determine possible effects on plankton communities of these ecosystems, we combined feeding experiments with a monitoring study of tidally influenced, polymictic Lake Waihola (New Zealand). The feeding experiments were carried out using dominant Daphnia carinata, and important taxa of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) and ciliates. The field study encompassed the entire planktonic food web. Moderate levels of turbidity and salinity affected clearance and ingestion rates of D. carinata, HNF and oligotrich ciliates in our feeding experiments. Redundancy analysis identified sediment resuspension, salinity and temperature as important factors affecting the plankton communities in Lake Waihola. A wide variety of biota was affected by sediment resuspension and temperature. Fewer species responded to salinity, most likely due to unusually low salinities throughout the monitoring period. If global warming results in altered turbidity, salinity or temperature regimes in coastal aquatic ecosystems changes might be expected in the structure of their plankton communities, with potential consequences throughout the food web.
A study of sexual and asexual populations of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) in Hokkaido, northern Japan, using molecular markers

The presence or absence of gamete fusion in the dioecious and isogamous brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) was investigated for thalli collected from three localities, Oshoro, Asari and Muroran in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Both sexual and asexual thalli were found in each locality. These sexual (35 samples) and asexual thalli (15 samples) were used to establish unialgal cultures. ITS2 sequences were determined in all cultures, the rbcL-spacer-S in 14, and cox3 in 25 cultures. Thirteen haplotypes (A1–4, B, C1–4, D, E1–3) were found in ITS2 sequences (241–252 bp). Ten haplotypes (A1–4, B, C1–4 and D) were found in sexual samples: haplotypes A and B were found in Oshoro, C and D in Asari, and C in Muroran. Haplotypes E1–3 were found in asexual samples. Sequence divergence values (including gap information) were less than 4.03% among sexual samples (A, B, C and D types), 0.38–0.77% among asexual samples (E types) and 4.39–5.70% between sexual and asexual samples. In the mitochondrial cox3 gene region (543 bp), six haplotypes (K1–3, L, M and N) were obtained. Cox3-K types were found in samples of ITS2-A types, cox3-L type in ITS2-B type, cox3-M type in ITS2-C and D types, and cox3-N type in ITS2-E types. For cox3 sequences, nucleotide differences were 0.18–4.42% among sexual samples (K, L and M types), but 8.66–10.31% between sexual and asexual samples (N type). In partial rbcL (174 bp)-spacer (188 bp)-partial rbcS (90 bp) sequences, six haplotypes (R–W) were found although there were 1–4 bp nucleotide differences among these haplotypes. R, U and W types were found in sexual samples, and S, T and V types in asexual samples. Results of the sequence analyses suggest that our presumed asexual thalli are genetically different from sexual thalli and may be derived from populations that lack sexual reproduction.
Optimum Timing and Rate of Trinexapac‐ethyl to Reduce Lodging in Spring Wheat

Lodging can be a limiting factor of hard red spring wheat (HRSW) production. The main objective of this study was to determine the optimum timing and rate of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) to improve straw strength, resistance to lodging, and related agronomic responses ofHRSW. Field experiments arranged in randomized complete blocks were conducted from 2004 to 2006 in Crookston, MN. Five TE rates (0, 62.5, 93.75, 125.0, and 250.0 g a.i. ha -1 ) and one ethephon rate (280.2 g a.i. ha -1 ) were applied at Zadoks growth stage (GS) 30, 32, or 37. Measurements included crop injury, plant height, lodging, straw strength, acid detergent lignin (ADL) content, plant maturity, plant density, and yield. Increasing TE rates linearly decreased plant height and increased lodging resistance, straw strength, and ADL content. Lodging resistance was negatively correlated with plant height and positively associated with straw strength and ADL content. The TE rate of 125 g a.i. ha -1 decreased plant height by approximately 6%, and increased plant erectness by 9% and straw strength by 13%, without causing crop injury, delaying maturity, or affecting yield. Applications of TE at GS 37 resulted in less crop injury, shorter stand, and more erect plants than those at GS 30 or 32. These data suggest that the optimum application rate and timing of TE may be 125.0 g a.i. ha -1 at GS 37 for HRSW.
Les analyses polliniques au Moyen-Orient

Au Moyen-Orient, les analyses polliniques sont encore peu nombreuses et rares sont les sequences traversant quelques dizaines de millenaires. Bien que comportant des variantes dues a des facteurs botaniques, deux types de travaux se completent, les uns portant sur des sites humides (lacs, marais), les autres sur les sols secs, lies, pour la plupart, a des sites archeologiques. Quelques indications, mais seulement ponctuelles, concernent le dernier Interglaciaire et montrent la diversite des associations vegetales qui y sont liees. Pour le Wurm ancien et moyen, les premieres analyses font apparaitre une serie d'oscillations ou alternent l'humidite, avec le developpement de la foret et la secheresse, avec la steppe. En certaines regions, entre autres la zone littorale, la foret mediterraneenne alternant avec la foret froide marque les fluctuations de la temperature. Le maximum froid-humide parait se situer vers 45 000 B.P. Une extreme secheresse caracterise au contraire le maximum du froid wurmien, provoquant tres probablement la rarete des sites prehistoriques entre 23 000 et 19 500 B.P. Des arbres, comme le Pterocarya et le tilleul, qui avaient atteint le Sud Liban, disparaissent alors totalement de toute la region. Le Tardiglaciaire est coupe par quelques ameliorations vers 17 000, 13 500, 12 000 B.P. Puis, une flore plus riche et variee marque les debuts de l'Holocene. La desertification de certaines regions depuis 6 000 ans est certainement un fait du au climat, mais la densite de la population depuis 10 000 ans, le pastoralisme, l'agriculture ont eu tant de repercussions sur la vegetation et sur les sols qu'il est actuellement impossible, pour les differentes regions du Moyen-Orient, de se baser sur des stratigraphies botaniques de l'Holocene, comme en Europe.
Nitrogênio mineral e microbiano do solo em sistemas agroflorestais com palma de óleo na Amazônia oriental

The success of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)-based agroforestry systems (oil palm-AFS) depends on sustainable soil management, especially of soil chemical and microbiological characteristics. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of oil palm-AFS on soil mineral and microbial nitrogen (N) in contrasting rainfall seasons. We evaluated different soil nitrogen (N) forms (microbial-N, nitrate, ammonium) and soil carbon concentration in oil palm-AFS with low and high diversity of species planted, which were compared with an adjacent 13-yr-old secondary forest. Most variables (total N, C:N ratio, microbial-N, microbial-N:total N ratio, ammonium, and net nitrification rate) varied only in response to rainfall seasonality. Soil C was significantly higher in the high diversity AFS (15.6 mg g-1) than in the secondary forest (13.0 mg g-1). In the rainy season, nitrate concentration (5.1 mg N kg-1 soil) was higher in the high diversity AFS than in other vegetation types; consequently, the average soil ammonium concentration (9.6 mg N kg-1 soil) was significantly lower in the high diversity AFS. Net N mineralization in the low diversity AFS (0.1 mg N kg-1 soil day-1) in the dry season was significantly lower than in other vegetation types. The soil variables were more sensitive to the rainfall seasonality than to the conversion of secondary forest to oil palm-based agroforestry systems.