Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute Toxicity, Phytochemical Screening, Analgesic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Aqueous and Methanol Root Extracts of Maerua triphylla A. Rich. (Capparaceae)

Maerua triphylla root extracts are used by Maasai and Kikuyu communities in Kenya to manage headaches, stomachaches, migraines, and rheumatism. However, scientific data on their safety and efficacy are limited. The current study aims to investigate the safety, phytochemical constituents, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of M. triphylla root extracts. Aqueous and methanol M. triphylla root extracts were prepared by cold maceration, and the extracts' safety was evaluated using Wistar rats according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2008) guidelines. Standard qualitative phytochemical screening methods were used for the detection of various phytochemical groups in the extracts. Analgesic activity assay in Swiss albino mice was done using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, while anti-inflammatory activity was determined in Wistar rats using the acetic acid-induced paw edema method. The methanol and aqueous extracts revealed LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bw, classifying them as nontoxic. The presence of cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols was observed in both extracts. However, saponins were only present in the methanol extract. In the analgesic study, mice that received 100 mg/kg bw and 500 mg/kg bw of aqueous root extract of M. triphylla had significantly lower acetic acid-induced writhing than mice that received acetylsalicylic acid 75 mg (reference drug) (p < 0.05). Additionally, mice that received 500 mg/kg bw of methanol root extract of M. triphylla had significantly lower acetic acid-induced writhing than mice that received the acetylsalicylic acid 75 mg (p < 0.05). In the anti-inflammatory study, there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between the inhibitory activity of different doses of the aqueous root extract of M. triphylla and a 50 mg/kg dose of diclofenac sodium (reference drug) on acetic acid-induced paw edema in rats. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the inhibitory activity of 100 mg/kg bw and 500 mg/kg bw doses of the methanol root extract of M. triphylla and a 50 mg/kg dose of diclofenac sodium on acetic acid-induced paw edema (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that the roots of M. triphylla may be useful in the safe mitigation of pain and inflammation and therefore support their ethnomedicinal use in the management of pain and inflammation.
Effect of Age and Frequency of Collection on Quality of Jersey Bulls Semen at National Livestock Breeding Center (NLBC), Nepal

Objective: To determine the effect of age and frequency of collection on quality parameters of Jersey bull semen at National Livestock Breeding Center (NLBC), Pokhara. Materials and Methodology: Nine Jersey bulls were selected randomly from NLBC. To obtain the effect of age, six bulls of three different age interval (3-4, 5-7 and 8-9 years) were selected randomly. Remaining three bulls were used to determine the effect of frequency of collection on semen quality. Studies were conducted for three months (Nov/Dec to Dec/Jan, 2016). Semen quality was analyzed using CASA system and SMILE software. ANOVA and paired t- tests were applied to find out level of significance. All the statistical analyses were done using SPSS 17.0 Results: Sperm concentration, post- thaw motility, live sperm, and abnormal sperm were significantly affected by the age of the bulls. Semen quality was found superior in the bulls belonging to 5-7 years of age intervals. Significantly higher value for semen volume, sperm concentration and post- thaw motility was obtained on second collection (P<0.05). However, volume initial motility, pre-filling motility, live sperm and abnormal sperm percentage did not differ significantly among different age intervals and between the frequencies of collection. Conclusion: Different quality parameters of semen like volume, concentration, initial motility, pre-filling motility, post thaw motility, live and normal spermatozoa percentages were higher in 5-7 years old bulls and in second collection of semen. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(1): 88-95
Career Adaptability and Work Engagement of Millennial Startup Employees

This study aims to determine the level of career adaptability and work engagement and the effect of career adaptability on work engagement in millennial generation employees at a startup company. This type of research is ex post facto with a quantitative approach. The population of this study amounted to 34 employees who work at the startup company. This research is a population study; therefore, it uses the entire population of employees. The instrument uses a psychological scale of career adaptability and works engagement. The validity of the research scale uses content validity by expert judgment. The reliability of the research scale was estimated using Cronbach Alpha and composite reliability. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the level of career adaptability and work engagement of millennial generation employees at A startup company is relatively high. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that: (1) career adaptability affects work engagement, (2) career adaptability concerns and curiosity dimensions affect work engagement, (3) career adaptability dimensions control and confidence have no effect on work engagement.
Gender Gap in High-Growth Ventures: Evidence from a University Venture Mentoring Program

We track high-growth ventures from the idea stage to commercialization and investigate the nature of the gender gap early in the venture lifecycle. Using data on 651 venture ideas that collectively attracted over $700 million in venture financing, we find a significant gender gap among ventures without documented intellectual assets at the earliest stage of founding but not among ventures that already possess intellectual assets. We also find a gender gap in entrepreneurs' readiness to commit to their venture ideas full-time. Conditional on such commitment, there are no significant differences in ventures' access to venture financing or rate of commercialization.
We want them all covered ! Collective bargaining and firm heterogeneity . Theory and evidence from Germany

This paper establishes a link between the extent of collective bargaining and the degree of productivity dispersion within an industry. In a unionised oligopoly model we show that for only small differences in productivity levels. a sector-union can design a collective wage contract that covers a wide range of heterogeneous firms. In sectors with higher productivity dispersion, an industry union has an incentive to demand firm-level wage contracts with the most productive firms, so that they can prevent low-productivity firms from leaving collective coverage. However, such firm-level contracts may not prevent firms at the lower end of the productivity distribution from avoiding collective coverage in sectors with high productivity dispersion. We test the predictions of the model using German linked employer-employee data between 1996 and 2010 and find support for our theoretical results.
Silver and Copper Nanoparticles—An Alternative in Future Mastitis Treatment and Prevention?

Nowadays, mastitis is one of the biggest problems in breeding dairy cattle. Treatment of this disease with conventional antibiotics is ineffective because many pathogens are resistant. Researchers have therefore been forced to look for new solutions, and metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been found to be the most appropriate agents. This study uses commercially available silver (AgNPs) and copper (CuNPs) nanoparticles and synthetized silver–copper nanoparticles (AgCuNPs) to evaluate the effect of these NPs on human and bovine mammary cells. The effect of AgNPs, CuNPs, and AgCuNPs on pathogen species commonly involved in udder inflammation (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) was also established. The results show that commercially available NPs were of good quality and did not have a toxic effect on mammary gland tissue. AgNPs, CuNPs, and AgCuNPs also influenced or decreased the viability of pathogens. Therefore, the presented data suggest that metal NPs could be used in mastitis prevention and treatment in the future. However, the presented preliminary results require further in vivo analysis.
Event and Sustainable Culture-Led Regeneration: Lessons from the 2008 European Capital of Culture, Liverpool

Culture-led regeneration has been widely accepted by European cities as an important component of urban renewal and sustainable development. However, the instrumental role of culture in urban regeneration has revealed several controversies. The study aims at contributing to the debate on urban cultural policy and management by answering two research questions: What are the key success factors for sustainable culture-led regeneration? How can cities strike a balance between the dilemmas of culture-led regeneration? Based on a case study of Liverpool as the 2008 European Capital of Culture, this research draws on long-term and multi-faceted data. The study period is from 2007 to 2018, with a view to tracking the long-term impact of event. Liverpool’s strategies for sustainable culture-led regeneration are investigated from three aspects: cultural funding dilemma, economic dilemma and spatial dilemma. The findings reveal that incorporating events in a city’s long-term regeneration trajectory, continued support and enhancement of local cultural processes and structures, and highlighting community involvement and development are major factors to ensure the cultural sustainability of event.
Guest Editors’ Introduction: How Is Neoliberalism Good to Think Vietnam? How Is Vietnam Good to Think Neoliberalism?

The recent global economic crisis has called into question triumphalist narratives of neoliberal capitalism and its global uniformity. In this introduction to the special issue on Vietnam, we examine Vietnamese “market socialism” as a fertile site for considering how transnational neoliberalism and state socialism have intersected to shape knowledge, governmentality, and everyday cultural practices. We ask, how does the endurance of socialist interpretive frameworks and logics of morality contest or rework neoliberalism and its global modes of regulation? Conversely, how might socialist continuities work in conjunction with neoliberalism to affirm its basic tenets? We argue for an understanding of transnational neoliberalism as a globally diverse set of technical practices, institutions, modes of power, and governing strategies informed by cultural and historical particularities. We caution against addressing “neoliberalism” as a uniform project that signifies the retreat of government or the triumph of a global market economy that fetishizes the “free”; instead we call for more attention to the ways in which socialism is deeply, though unevenly, woven into particular cultural forms, political practices, and historical legacies to ask, What if anything is unique about “neoliberalism” in socialist Vietnam, and to what extent is neoliberalism a useful lens for thinking through contemporary socioeconomic change in Vietnam?
SOCIAL IDENTITY AND EMOTIONAL CLIMATE IN A RURAL COMMUNITY OF PERU : AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IDENTIDADE SOCIAL

The aim of this paper is to describe how the social identity and the emotional climate relate to each other in a rural community, assuming that both constructs are psychological indicators of a healthy collective functioning and that they are somehow affected by the social and political situation of the in-group. For this purpose, a research was undertaken in a rural community of 200 households, where 80 villagers were surveyed. The results suggest that a climate of confidence plays a central role in the constitution of collective identification. They also show that, the greater the perception of this climate is, the more a positive collective self-stereotype, and a greater valuation of belonging to the community, predominate. On the other hand, a climate of low confidence weakens the identification with the community to the extent that it is associated to a lesser valuation and negative self-stereotypical beliefs regarding the community members.
DISENTANGLING AGN AND STAR FORMATION IN SOFT X-RAYS

We have explored the interplay of star formation and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in soft X-rays (0.5–2 keV) in two samples of Seyfert 2 galaxies (Sy2s). Using a combination of low-resolution CCD spectra from Chandra and XMM-Newton, we modeled the soft emission of 34 Sy2s using power-law and thermal models. For the 11 sources with high signal-to-noise Chandra imaging of the diffuse host galaxy emission, we estimate the luminosity due to star formation by removing the AGN, fitting the residual emission. The AGN and star formation contributions to the soft X-ray luminosity (i.e., Lx, AGN and Lx, SF) for the remaining 24 Sy2s were estimated from the power-law and thermal luminosities derived from spectral fitting. These luminosities were scaled based on a template derived from XSINGS analysis of normal star-forming galaxies. To account for errors in the luminosities derived from spectral fitting and the spread in the scaling factor, we estimated Lx, AGN and Lx, SF from Monte Carlo simulations. These simulated luminosities agree with Lx, AGN and Lx, SF derived from Chandra imaging analysis within a 3σ confidence level. Using the infrared [Ne ii]12.8 μm and [O iv]26 μm lines as a proxy of star formation and AGN activity, respectively, we independently disentangle the contributions of these two processes to the total soft X-ray emission. This decomposition generally agrees with Lx, SF and Lx, AGN at the 3σ level. In the absence of resolvable nuclear emission, our decomposition method provides a reasonable estimate of emission due to star formation in galaxies hosting type 2 AGNs.
Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning in the Imaging of Gliomas: A Systematic Review

In neuro-oncology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a critically important, non-invasive radiologic assessment technique for brain tumor diagnosis, especially glioma. Deep learning improves MRI image characterization and interpretation through the utilization of raw imaging data and provides unprecedented enhancement of images and representation for detection and classification through deep neural networks. This systematic review and quality appraisal method aim to summarize deep learning approaches used in neuro-oncology imaging to aid healthcare professionals. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a total of 20 low-risk studies on the established use of deep learning models to identify glioma genetic mutations and grading were selected, based on a Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 score of ≥9. The included studies provided the deep learning models used alongside their outcome measures, the number of patients, and the molecular markers for brain glioma classification. In 19 studies, the researchers determined that the deep learning model improved the clinical outcome and treatment protocol in patients with a brain tumor. In five studies, the authors determined the sensitivity of the deep learning model used, and in four studies, the authors determined the specificity of the models. Convolutional neural network models were used in 16 studies. In eight studies, the researchers examined glioma grading by using different deep learning models compared with other models. In this review, we found that deep learning models significantly improve the diagnostic and classification accuracy of brain tumors, particularly gliomas without the need for invasive methods. Most studies have presented validated results and can be used in clinical practice to improve patient care and prognosis.
Detection of network anomalies and novel attacks in the internet via statistical network traffic separation and normality prediction

With the advent and the explosive growth of the global Internet and the electronic commerce environment, adaptive/automatic network and service anomaly detection is fast gaining critical research and practical importance. If the next generation of network technology is to operate beyond the levels of current networks, it will require a set of well-designed tools for its management that will provide the capability of dynamically and reliably identifying network anomalies. Early detection of network anomalies and performance degradations is a key to rapid fault recovery and robust networking, and has been receiving increasing attention lately. In this dissertation we present a network anomaly detection methodology, which relies on the analysis of network traffic and the characterization of the dynamic statistical properties of traffic normality, in order to accurately and timely detect network anomalies. Anomaly detection is based on the concept that perturbations of normal behavior suggest the presence of anomalies, faults, attacks etc. This methodology can be uniformly applied in order to detect network attacks, especially in cases where novel attacks are present and the nature of the intrusion is unknown. Specifically, in order to provide an accurate identification of the normal network traffic behavior, we first develop an anomaly-tolerant non-stationary traffic prediction technique, which is capable of removing both pulse and continuous anomalies. Furthermore we introduce and design dynamic thresholds, and based on them we define adaptive anomaly violation conditions, as a combined function of both the magnitude and duration of the traffic deviations. Numerical results are presented that demonstrate the operational effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach, under different anomaly traffic scenarios and attacks, such as mail-bombing and UDP flooding attacks. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the statistical network traffic normality, especially in cases where high burstiness is present, we propose, study and analyze a new network traffic prediction methodology, based on the “frequency domain” traffic analysis and filtering, with the objective of enhancing the network anomaly detection capabilities. Our approach is based on the observation that the various network traffic components, are better identified, represented and isolated in the frequency domain. As a result, the traffic can be effectively separated into a baseline component, that includes most of the low frequency traffic and presents low burstiness, and the short-term traffic that includes the most dynamic part. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
High-Fat, Western-Style Diet, Systemic Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with vitamins, and providing a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it is involved in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, crucial for the functional maturation of the gut immune system. The Western diet (WD)—an unhealthy diet with high consumption of fats—can be broadly characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, and a prolonged postprandial state. The term WD is commonly known and intuitively understood. However, the strict digital expression of nutrient ratios is not precisely defined. Based on the US data for 1908–1989, the calory intake available from fats increased from 32% to 45%. Besides the metabolic aspects (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system overstimulation, and oxidative stress), the consequences of excessive fat consumption (high-fat diet—HFD) comprise dysbiosis, gut barrier dysfunction, increased intestinal permeability, and leakage of toxic bacterial metabolites into the circulation. These can strongly contribute to the development of low-grade systemic inflammation. This narrative review highlights the most important recent advances linking HFD-driven dysbiosis and HFD-related inflammation, presents the pathomechanisms for these phenomena, and examines the possible causative relationship between pro-inflammatory status and gut microbiota changes.
Face-Sheet Quality Analysis and Thermo-Physical Property Characterization of OOA and Autoclave Panels

Increased application of polymer matrix composite (PMC) materials in large vehicle structures requires consideration of non-autoclave manufacturing technology. The NASA Composites for Exploration project, and its predecessor, Lightweight Spacecraft Structures and Materials project, were tasked with the development of materials and manufacturing processes for structures that will perform in a heavy-lift-launch vehicle environment. Both autoclave and out of autoclave processable materials were considered. Large PMC structures envisioned for such a vehicle included the payload shroud and the interstage connector. In this study, composite sandwich panels representing 1/16th segments of the barrel section of the Ares V rocket fairing were prepared as 1.8 m x 2.4 m sections of the 10 m diameter arc segment. IM7/977-3 was used as the face-sheet prepreg of the autoclave processed panels and T40-800B/5320-1 for the out of autoclave panels. The core was 49.7 kilograms per square meters (3.1 pounds per cubic feet (pcf)) aluminum honeycomb. Face-sheets were fabricated by automated tape laying 153 mm wide unidirectional tape. This work details analysis of the manufactured panels where face-sheet quality was characterized by optical microscopy, cured ply thickness measurements, acid digestion, and thermal analysis.
Calibration of an Empirical Thermometer and Oxybarometer based on the Partitioning of Sc, Y and V between Olivine and Silicate Melt

The evolution of basaltic magmas depends on their redox state, hence oxygen fugacity, but there is increasing evidence that this intensive thermodynamic variable may be less well understood in basalts than commonly supposed. The redox state of terrestrial basalts has to a large extent been inferred from the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratios of their quenched glasses. However, this quantity appears to be significantly affected during late and post-eruptive processes in magmatic systems (e.g. by degassing, charge-transfer reactions of redox-variable species, and alteration), so that the degree to which the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratios preserved in basaltic glasses reflect the oxidation state of the magma at high temperature is unclear. Because olivine is the first silicate mineral to crystallize from primitive basaltic liquids on cooling following decompression, the equilibrium partitioning relations preserved in olivine phenocrysts in basalts are, in principle, less disturbed by these late and post-eruptive processes and, therefore, may better reflect the high-temperature (pre-eruptive) conditions of the magma. Here we calibrate an oxybarometer based on the strong sensitivity of the partitioning of vanadium between olivine and silicate melt to oxygen fugacity. Our empirical parameterization, calibrated over a range of redox conditions between four log(10) units above and below the quartz-fayalite-magnetite (QFM) oxygen buffer, takes into account the effects of temperature, olivine composition (i.e. Mg/Fe ratios) and melt composition (namely the activities of CaO, SiO2, AlO1 center dot 5, NaO0 center dot 5 and KO0 center dot 5), and allows oxygen fugacity determinations to within similar to 0 center dot 25 log(10) units. We also explore the sensitivity of the exchange partitioning of Sc and Y between olivine and melt to temperature as a geothermometer. Our calibration indicates that this geothermometer allows temperature to be estimated to within 15 degrees C, but precision is strongly dependent on the Sc and Y measurements in olivine and melt.