Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Weibel-type soliton modes

A discussion of nonlinear soliton behavior is given, including coupling between electrostatic and electromagnetic potentials for non-relativistic, weakly relativistic, and fully relativistic plasmas. For plasma distribution functions that are independent of the canonical momenta perpendicular to the soliton spatial structure direction there are, in fact, no soliton behaviors allowed because transverse currents are zero. Dependence on the transverse canonical momenta is necessary. When this is the case, it is shown that the presence or absence of a soliton is intimately connected to the functional form assumed for the particle distribution functions. Except for simple situations, the coupled nonlinear equations for the electrostatic and electromagnetic potentials would seem to require numerical solution procedures. Examples are given to illustrate all of these points for non-relativistic, weakly relativistic, and fully relativistic plasmas.
The Clinical and Prognostic Characteristics of Primary Salivary Gland-Type Carcinoma in the Lung: A Population-Based Study

Simple Summary According to reports from more than a decade ago, the proportion of primary salivary gland-type carcinoma (SGC) among all lung cancers is only 0.1–1.0% and the 5-year overall survival rate is more than 60%. However, previous reported studies mostly had small sample sizes due to the low proportion of primary SGC in lung cancer. The characteristics of SGC proportion and prognosis have not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical and prognostic characteristics of primary SGC. This study found that lung SGC has the best prognosis among adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and SGC. In addition, lobectomy can further improve the prognosis of SGCs. Abstract This study aimed to explore the clinical and prognostic characteristics of primary salivary gland-type carcinoma (SGC). The entire cohort from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to calculate the SGC proportion. In total, 253,096 eligible patients, including 165,715 adenocarcinomas (ADCs), 87,062 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and 319 SGCs, were selected to perform survival analyses. The data of 42 SGC patients from our hospital showed postoperative survival. Overall survival (OS) curves for different histological and surgical types were presented. The proportion of primary SGCs was 0.8 per 1000 patients. Patients with age ≤ 64 years old had a much higher proportion of SGC than those patients with age >64 years old. After adjusting for other confounders, among ADCs, SCCs, and SGC, SGCs had the best prognosis (HR 0.361, p < 0.001). Moreover, the 5-year OS rates of SGC patients were 55% and 7% in the group with surgery or without surgery, respectively (p < 0.001). The data of 42 patients from our hospital also showed a good survival of SGCs. Lobectomy improved the survival of SGCs significantly (adjusted HR 0.439, p = 0.016). In conclusion, pulmonary SGCs had the best prognosis among ADCs, SCCs, and SGCs. In addition, lobectomy could further improve the prognostic outcomes of SGCs.
Gender Roles and Culture: Female Students’ Interest in Information Technology Major and Career

Stereotypes has been ingrained in the society for a very long time. According to Daniel Katz and Kenneth Braly (1933), stereotyping guides to racial discrimination just after people respond to a particular group and assign the characteristic of the group emotionally. Cultural expectations have dominated societies around the world, and become an obstacle to women, including in career. However, they start to break down the barriers to show how traditional gender roles belong in the past. Therefore, in college majors, they started to enter the male-dominated majors. This research aims to find out what cultural values do the female students believe related to gender roles and its relationship with their chosen major and career. The theory that will be used is gender roles. A qualitative approach will be used by interviewing and collecting all the data from the students who are majoring in Informatics Engineering and Business Information System (SIB) in Petra Christian University.Keywords: gender roles, non-traditional career, male-dominated majors, education, career choice
KHÔNG GIAN BESOV-MORREY LIÊN KẾT VỚI TOÁN TỬ TỰ LIÊN HỢP KHÔNG ÂM

Không gian Besov đóng vai trò quan trọng trong lí thuyết không gian hàm và phương trình đạo hàm riêng. Hai hướng phát triển gần đây của hướng nghiên cứu này là liên kết không gian Besov với không gian Morrey hoặc toán tử tự liên hợp không âm. Kết quả trong bài báo này sẽ tổng quát cả hai hướng tiếp cận trên. Chúng tôi chứng minh kết quả chính quy cho phương trình dạng fractional Để làm được điều đó, chúng tôi thiết lập đặc trưng liên tục cho không gian Besov-Morrey liên kết với một toán tử tự liên hợp không âm L trên sao cho nhân nhiệt của L thỏa mãn điều kiện bị chặn trên Gaussian, trong đó . Kết quả của chúng tôi tổng quát các kết quả đã có của (Bui et al., 2020; Dao et al., 2018).
Length and time scales of a liquid drop impact and penetration into a granular layer

Liquid drop impact and penetration into a granular layer are investigated with diverse liquids and granular materials. We use various sizes of SiC abrasives and glass beads as a target granular material. We also employ ethanol and glycerol aqueous solutions as well as distilled water to make a liquid drop. The liquid drop impacts the granular layer with a low speed (~ms−1). The drop deformation and penetration are captured by a high-speed camera. From the video data, characteristic time scales are measured. Using a laser profilometry system, resultant crater morphology and its characteristic length scales are measured. Static strength of the granular layer is also measured by the slow pillar penetration experiment to quantify the cohesive force effect. We find that the time scales are almost independent of impact speed, but they depend on liquid drop viscosity. In particular, the penetration time is proportional to the square root of the liquid drop viscosity. In contrast, the crater radius is independent of the liquid drop viscosity. The crater radius is scaled by the same form as the previous paper, Katsuragi (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 104, 2010, art. 218001).
The Use of Camera Traps and Auxiliary Satellite Telemetry to Estimate Jaguar Population Density in Northwestern Costa Rica

Simple Summary We used data from a grid of camera traps, combined with satellite telemetry data from one female jaguar, to estimate jaguar population density in northwestern Costa Rica. Our estimate of 2.6 females and 5.0 males per 100 km2 was influenced by camera placement and sex of the jaguar, and indicated the importance of telemetry data to improve field design and parameter estimation. We recommend population assessments of at least 3 consecutive months, expanding the survey area to one several times the size of an individual’s home range, and including sex and camera placement considerations to reduce bias in jaguar density estimates. Abstract Regular evaluation of jaguar (Panthera onca) population status is an important part of conservation decision-making. Currently, camera trapping has become the standard method used to estimate jaguar abundance and demographic parameters, though evidence has shown the potential for sex ratio biases and density overestimates. In this study, we used camera trap data combined with satellite telemetry data from one female jaguar to estimate jaguar population density in the dry forest of Santa Rosa National Park in the Guanacaste Conservation Area of northwestern Costa Rica. We analyzed camera trap data collected from June 2016 to June 2017 using spatial capture-recapture methods to estimate jaguar density. In total, 19 individual jaguars were detected (11 males; 8 females) with a resulting estimated population density of 2.6 females (95% [CI] 1.7–4.0) and 5.0 male (95% [CI] 3.4–7.4) per 100 km2. Based on telemetry and camera trap data, camera placement might bias individual detections by sex and thus overall density estimates. We recommend population assessments be made at several consecutive 3-month intervals, that larger areas be covered so as not to restrict surveys to one or two individual home ranges, as in our case, and to carry out long-term camera monitoring programs instead of short-term studies to better understand the local population, using auxiliary telemetry data to adjust field designs and density estimations to improve support for jaguar conservation strategies.
Extragalactic archeology with the GHOSTS Survey I. - Age-resolved disk structure of nearby low-mass galaxies

We study the individual evolution histories of three nearby low-mass edge-on galaxies (IC 5052, NGC4244, and NGC5023). Using resolved stellar populations, we constructed star count density maps for populations of different ages and analyzed the change of structural parameters with stellar age within each galaxy. We do not detect a separate thick disk in any of the three galaxies, even though our observations cover a wider range in equivalent surface brightness than any integrated light study. While scale heights increase with age, each population can be well described by a single disk. Two of the galaxies contain a very weak additional component, which we identify as the faint halo. The mass of these faint halos is lower than 1% of the mass of the disk. The three galaxies show low vertical heating rates, which are much lower than the heating rate of the Milky Way. This indicates that heating agents, such as giant molecular clouds and spiral structure, are weak in low-mass galaxies. All populations in the three galaxies exhibit no or only little flaring. While this finding is consistent with previous integrated light studies, it poses strong constraints on galaxy simulations, where strong flaring is often found as a result of interactions or radial migration.
The Power of Instagram ‘Like’

This study aims to find out how Instagram ‘Likes’ affect its receivers. The source of the data is in-depth interviews with four informants, two from each gender. The informants come from the age group of 18— 24 because adolescents born in the late 1990s or early 2000s grew up with the emergence of social media; thus. Coincidentally, people from the aforementioned age group are also the most susceptible to mental health issues. The author implemented ethnography in data collection and analyzed it using Cooley’s ‘looking-glass self’ theories. The findings reveal that Instagram ‘Likes’ have subliminal power over the receivers through the means of self-perception, interpersonal relations, and follow-up actions.Keywords: Instagram Like, Power relation, Looking-glass Self; Social media, Instagram
REVISITING THE FIRST GALAXIES: THE EPOCH OF POPULATION III STARS

We investigate the transition from primordial Population III (Pop III) star formation to normal Pop II star formation in the first galaxies using new cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. We find that while the first stars seed their host galaxies with metals, they cannot sustain significant outflows to enrich the intergalactic medium, even assuming a top-heavy initial mass function. This means that Pop III star formation could potentially continue until z ≈ 6 in different unenriched regions of the universe, before being ultimately shut off by cosmic reionization. Within an individual galaxy, the metal production and stellar feedback from Pop II stars overtake Pop III stars in 20–200 Myr, depending on galaxy mass.
Intrinsic physical conditions and structure of relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei

The analysis of the frequency dependence of the observed shift of the cores of relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) allows us to evaluate the number density of the outflowing plasmane and,hence,themultiplicityparameter λ =ne/nGJ,wherenGJ istheGoldreich–Julian number density. We have obtained the median value for λmed = 3 × 10 13 and the median value for the Michel magnetization parameter σM, med = 8 from an analysis of 97 sources. Since the
A Meta-Analysis of Satisfaction in Marketing Channel Relationships

The authors advance a conceptual model of channel member satisfaction that distinguishes between economic and noneconomic satisfaction. The resulting model then is tested using meta-analysis. Meta-analysis enables the empirical investigation of a model involving several constructs that never have been examined simultaneously within an individual study. More specifically, the authors unify the stream of research on power use—the focus of many satisfaction studies in the 1970s and 1980s—with more recent work on trust and commitment, which usually explores antecedents other than power use. The results indicate that economic satisfaction and noneconomic satisfaction are distinct constructs with differential relationships to various antecedents and consequences. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that satisfaction is both conceptually and empirically separable from the related constructs of trust and commitment.
Beta‐decay studies at the NSCL using a double‐sided silicon strip detector

A β counting system has been developed at the NSCL to study the β‐decay properties of nuclei produced by fast fragmentation. This system employs a double‐sided silicon strip detector (DSSD) to observe both the implantation of these fragments and their subsequent β decay. By correlating implant and decay events within the DSSD, we identify on an event‐by‐event basis the nuclides observed to decay and obtain a direct measurement of the decay time. A β calorimeter is being developed to augment the counting system; this will allow for the measurement of total β‐decay energies for decays with low Q values and the determination of Gamow‐Teller strengths for the decays of exotic nuclei. This system will first be used to study the decay of 100Sn. Individual detector components are on site and being tested, and Geant4 simulations of the system are underway.
Chandra detection of diffuse X-ray emission from the globular cluster Terzan 5

Terzan 5, a globular cluster (GC) prominent in mass and population of compact objects, is searched for diffuse X-ray emission, as proposed by several models. We analyzed the data of an archival Chandra observation of Terzan 5 to search for extended diffuse X-ray emission outside the half-mass radius of the GC. We removed detected point sources from the data to extract spectra from diffuse regions around Terzan 5. The Galactic background emission was modeled by a 2-temperature thermal component, which is typical for Galactic diffuse emission. We detected significant diffuse excess emission above the particle background level from the whole field-of-view. The surface brightness appears to be peaked at the GC center and decreases smoothly outwards. After the subtraction of particle and Galactic background, the excess spectrum of the diffuse emission between the half-mass radius and 3' can be described by a power-law model with photon index $\Gamma$ = 0.9$\pm$0.5 and a surface flux of F$_X$ = (1.17$\pm$0.16) 10$^{-7}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ sr$^{-1}$ in the 1--7 keV band. We estimated the contribution from unresolved point sources to the observed excess to be negligible. The observations suggest that a purely thermal origin of the emission is less likely than a non-thermal scenario. However, from simple modeling we cannot identify a clearly preferred scenario.
The Influence of Leadership, Organizational Climate, and Work Motivation on Employee’s Performance

Employee performance is one of the main factors that affect the progress of the agency, so the higher or better the employee's performance, the easier the agency's goals will be achieved. A way that can be applied to improve employee performance is to apply effective leadership to employees. In addition to leadership, the organizational climate also affects the behavior of a worker. Then, in order to achieve organizational goals, employees need motivation to be more active in working so that work results become better and more punctual. This study aims to determine the influence of leadership, organizational climate, and work motivation on the performance of employees of the West Kutai Regency Inspectorate, both separately and simultaneously. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach. The data sources used in this study are primary data obtained from the results of direct interviews with respondents and secondary data obtained by collecting information from parties related to the West Kutai Regency Inspectorate. Leadership, organizational climate and work motivation have a positive and significant influence on the performance of employees of the West Kutai Regency Regional Inspectorate, therefore the West Kutai Regency Regional Inspectorate needs to continue to maintain and improve these variables.
ULF: Cross-Validation for Weak Supervision

A way to overcome expensive and time-001 consuming manual data labeling is weak su-002 pervision - automatic annotation of data sam-003 ples via a predefined set of labeling functions 004 (LFs), rule-based mechanisms that generate po-005 tentially erroneous labels. In this work, we 006 investigate noise reduction techniques for weak 007 supervision based on the principle of k -fold 008 cross-validation. In particular, we extend two 009 frameworks for detecting the erroneous sam-010 ples in manually annotated data to the weakly 011 supervised setting. Our methods profit from 012 leveraging the information about matching LFs 013 and detect noisy samples more accurately. We 014 also introduce a new algorithm for denoising 015 the weakly annotated data called ULF , that re-016 fines the allocation of LFs to classes by esti-017 mating the reliable LFs-to-classes joint matrix. 018 Evaluation on several datasets shows that ULF 019 successfully improves weakly supervised learn-020 ing without using any manually labeled data. 021
A Comparitive Invitro Study on Antioxidant Properties of Selected Flowers

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT Health is a central issue in today's life. Most illnesses are due to oxidative stress. Oxidation usually causes cytolysis. Plants such as Sesbaniagrandiflora, Spatodeacampanulata (African tulip),Allamandacathartica(golden trumpet) and Mirabilis jalapa (4 o'clock flower) are spreading in our environment. They are also used medicinally to treat various human illnesses. The antioxidant activity of the leaves of these plants was studied using aqueous extracts. The extract is subjected to phytochemical analysis. Sesbaniagrandiflorais known to contain alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids and phenols. , Protein, terponoid.Spathodeacampanulateis known to contain alkaloids,saponins, glycosides and flavonoids. Allamandacathartica containssaponins, glycosides, tannins and flavonoids. Mirabilis jalapa contains alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, phenols andterpinoids. Two different in vitro methods, namely hydrogen peroxide capture activity, reducing power assay, were used to estimate antioxidant activity using a standard antioxidant (ascorbic acid). All four natural flower extracts showed antioxidant activity. However,Catharticaallamanda showed the highest activity. The results are roughly comparable to the standard drug ascorbic acid. Therefore, the flowers of these plants are useful as antioxidants
Transferability of Adversarial Examples in Machine Learning-based Malware Detection

Machine Learning (ML) has been increasingly applied to malware detection in recent years. Adversarial example (AE) attack, a well-known attack against ML working across different mediums, is effective in evading or misleading ML-based malware detection systems. Such an attack could be made more effective if the generated AEs are transferable so that the AEs can evade different types of malware detection models. To better understand AE transferability in the malware domain, in this paper, we study AE transferability enhancement techniques and how they impact AE generation and Android malware detection. Firstly, we adapt the current image-based AE transferability enhancement techniques (i.e., ensemble sample (ES) and ensemble model (EM)) to malware. In the adapted ES and EM methods, we maintain malware functionality and executability while adding perturbations. Further, we develop a new transfer-based AE generation method, BATE, using a novel feature evenness metric. The idea is to spread perturbations more evenly among perturbed features by incorporating an evenness score in the objective function. We compare our proposed methods with EM and ES on a real Android dataset. The extensive evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in increasing the upper bound of AE transferability. We also confirm the effectiveness of our evenness-score-based method by showing quantitative correlations between AE transferability and feature evenness score.
On Conditional Wiener Integrals and a Novel Approach to the Fermion Sign Problem

On Conditional Wiener Integrals and a Novel Approach to the Fermion Sign Problem by Warwick Michael Dumas Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Mathematics The path-integral formulation of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics was introduced by Feynman in 1948. The use of Path Integral Monte Carlo can be put on a rigorous footing using conditional Wiener integrals. This thesis addresses the topics both of numerical error and of Monte Carlo error. A piecewise constant numerical method which is of second order of accuracy for computing conditional Wiener integrals for a rather general class of su¢ ciently smooth functional is proposed. The method is based on simulation of Brownian bridges via the corresponding stochastic di¤erential equations (SDEs) and on ideas of the weak-sense numerical integration of SDEs. A convergence theorem is proved. Special attention is paid to integral-type functionals. Results of some numerical experiments are presented. In a further part of the research, the goal is to develop Monte Carlo methods for fermion simulations that are resistant to the explosion of variance which happens due to the fermion sign problem. A novel approach is developed which represents a radical departure from the current approaches. This is based on the principle of using a geometrical interpretation of the problem in order to nd ways to maximize the negative covariance between the countersigned functional contributions. The fundamental connection between quantum exchange and the fermion sign problem is exploited. It is shown that this leads to a mathematical proof of the well-known exact solution to the sign problem for 1-dimensional fermion systems, and also to a novel exact solution in the case of a pair of 2-dimensional fermions.
Structure of the Gravitational Action and its relation with Horizon Thermodynamics and Emergent Gravity Paradigm

If gravity is an emergent phenomenon, as suggested by several recent results, then the structure of the action principle for gravity should encode this fact. With this motivation we study several features of the Einstein-Hilbert action and establish direct connections with horizon thermodynamics. We begin by introducing the concept of holographically conjugate variables (HCVs) in terms of which the surface term in the action has a specific relationship with the bulk term. In addition to gab and its conjugate momentum p gM cab , this procedure allows us to (re)discover and motivate strongly the use of f ab = p gg ab and its conjugate momentum N c. The gravitational action can then be interpreted as a momentum space action for these variables. We also show that many expressions in classical gravity simplify considerably in this approach. For example, the field equations can be written in the form @cf ab = @Hg/@N c ab,@cN c ab = @Hg/@f ab (analogous to Hamilton’s equations) for a suitable Hamiltonian Hg, if we use these variables. More importantly, the variation of the surface term, evaluated on any null surface which acts a local Rindler horizon can be given a direct thermodynamic interpretation. The term involving the variation of the dynamical variable leads to