Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heavy Metal Contamination in Forest Reserved Soils Crossed by Roads, its Ecological Risks, and their Effects on Tree Biomass Stocking Potential

Metal contaminants such as Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, and Lead are released and deposited in Reserved Forest soils as a result of heavily travelled roads. Their pollution interrupts the biogeochemical cycle in the natural environment, affecting plant productivity. However, this pollution's source, their ecological risks, and its effects on tree biomass productivity have yet to be examined. In order to examine this, an ecological study was conducted in two Assam Reserved Forests that are crossed by the National Highway (NH-15). Several ecological risk indices were used to assess potential ecological risks. Metal impacts on tree biomass stocks were predicted using regression analysis and Pearson's coefficient. The results showed that metal concentrations in soil samples collected near roads were much higher than those away from roads. However, the overall mean concentration was within the Indian guidelines. Indices of soil contaminations and pollutions ranged from mildly contaminated to highly contaminated and from low polluted to highly polluted soils. The Cd (88.97%), and Pb (52.61%) were revealed to be highly the main contaminating and sources of pollution and ecological danger in the surface soils. The strongest Pearson correlation coefficients between Cd-Cr (94%), Cd-Ni (74%), Cd-Pb (97%), Cr-Ni (88%), Cr-Pb (90%), and Ni-Pb (76%) suggest that metals are very comparable. While the strong negative relationships between tree biomass stock and metals, implying that metals are vital factors affecting tree biomass productivity. Thus, conservationists, ecologists, and policymakers must devise effective mitigation strategies for vehicular emission and car discharge caused by traffic passing through reserved forests.
Zooming in on Monetary Policy - The Labor Share and Production Dynamics of Two Million Firms

Conditional on a contractionary monetary policy shock, the labor share of value added is expected to decrease in the basic New Keynesian model. By providing firm-level evidence, we are first to validate this proposition. Using local projections and high dimensional fixed effects, we show that a one standard deviation contractionary monetary policy shock decreases firms' labor share by 0.4 percent, on average. However, reactions are heterogeneous along two dimensions: The labor share is most informative to discriminate firms by their response in payroll expenses, firms' leverage is most informative to discriminate by their response in value added. We inform the policy debate on transmission and redistribution effects of monetary policy.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DRIED GUIZHOU AS AFFECTED BY PRETREATMENTS, DRYING TECHNIQUES AND STORAGE PERIOD

Guizhou (Artemisia lactiflora) is known as mugwort or Jing-ju-chai in Thailand. The leaves are used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat menstrual disorders and also have anti-cancer and anti-oxidative properties. Kulprachakarn et al. (2018) reported antioxidant activity of Guizhou at 27.20±1.06 mg TEAC/g of dry extract, with total phenolic content of 213.33±117.80 mg GAE/g of dry extract. However, utilization of fresh Guizhou is restricted because it is a perishable plant. Drying is therefore proposed to extend its storage life.
The Class of Noetherian RingsWith Finite Valuation Dimension

Not a long time ago, Ghorbani and Nazemian [2015] introduced the concept of dimension of valuation which measures how much does the ring differ from the valuation. They've shown that every Artinian ring has a finite valuation dimensions. Further, any comutative ring with a finite valuation dimension is semiperfect. However, there is a semiperfect ring which has an infinite valuation dimension. With those facts, it is of interest to further investigate property of rings that has a finite dimension of valuation. In this article we define conditions that a Noetherian ring requires and suffices to have a finite valuation dimension. In particular we prove that, if and only if it is Artinian or valuation, a Noetherian ring has its finite valuation dimension. In view of the fact that a ring needs a semi perfect dimension in terms of valuation, our investigation is confined on semiperfect Noetherian rings. Furthermore, as a finite product of local rings is a semi perfect ring, the inquiry into our outcome is divided into two cases, the case of the examined ring being local and the case where the investigated ring is a product of at least two local rings. This is, first of all, that every local Noetherian ring possesses a finite valuation dimension, if and only if it is Artinian or valuation. Secondly, any Notherian Ring generated by two or more local rings is shown to have a finite valuation dimension, if and only if it is an Artinian.
Neuroblastoma in Children: Intraoperative Goal Directed Therapy, Intraoperative And Postoperative Outcomes

Background Neuroblastoma is the most common tumor in children. Anesthetic management can be challenging due to the localization, catecholamine-secreting characteristic of the tumor. We undertook a secondary analysis in a previously study to describe patients who underwent neuroblastoma resection. Objective To describe intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent neuroblastoma resection and to propose optimal intraoperative management for postoperative outcome improvement. Methods Secondary analysis of children who had neuroblastoma resection in the initial retrospective study. Results There were 16 patients with a mean age of 39.3±22.1 months. Seven (43.8%) patients presented with intraoperative or postoperative complications. One (6.3%) patient had intraoperative broncho-laryngospasm and difficult intubation respectively. Two (12.5%) patients had intraoperative hemorrhagic shock. One patient (6.3%) had postoperative renal failure. Two patients (12.5%) had postoperative respiratory failure and 3 (18.8%) patients had postoperative cardiocirculatory failure. One (6.3%) had postoperative pulmonary sepsis and septicemia respectively. Thirteen (81.3%) patients were intraoperatively transfused. There was no in-hospital mortality. Conclusion Neuroblastoma surgery can be a challenging situation where cardiovascular instability, high blood loss and transfusion requirements can be encountered. Consequently, preoperative preparation, intraoperative optimal management with validated means in children are necessary for a better postoperative outcome in this surgical setting.
Key Drivers for Adopting Design-Build in Public Construction Projects: Malaysian Perspective

Design-build (D-B) had been applied in many advanced countries because the delivery method improves construction project success. While several megaprojects in Malaysia have adopted D-B, it is still uncommon in the local construction industry. Therefore, understanding the key drivers that are affecting the acceptance or rejection of D-B is crucial. However, that information is lacking in the existing body of knowledge. Thus, this research addresses that issue by identifying the key drivers for adopting D-B in the Malaysian construction sector from the standpoint of the core project parties (e.g., project clients, consultants and contractors). Questionnaire survey data from 111 professionals with D-B experience were analysed using inferential statistics, including t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The outcome shows that the key drivers for industry practitioner in Malaysia for adopting D-B are: (1) "Maximise the use of resources between project team members", (2) "Sharing of expertise (design and technical) with project team members", (3) "Well-organised project team structure", (4) "High success rate" and (5) "Dispute prevention during the construction stage". Also, there are no significant differences found in the drivers between different geographical regions and project parties. Based on the investigations, this study adds to the current assortment of information in capturing the key drivers and providing an in-depth understanding of the underlying components for adopting D-B in Malaysia. Researchers and industry practitioners can use the findings to enhance the level of D-B adoption strategically.
The Perception of Malaysian Rural and Urban Indigenous Women on Body Image

This study investigates the perception of body image among indigenous women in Peninsular Malaysia. Using a sample drawn from urban (n=38) and rural (n=21) settings, the study engages participants who are more or less socio-economically acculturated to mainstream society in order to explore different attitudes to body image, and anxiety level about social physique between rural and urban women. Rural indigenous women registered a higher level of body dissatisfaction than their urban counterparts. However, there was no significant difference in attitudes towards body image between indigenous women in both locations. Due to a degree of presumed acculturation to western ideals of body image, urban indigenous women who were not underweight showed a higher anxiety level concerning their physique than those from rural areas with a similar body size. It was also found that a higher level of body dissatisfaction correlated with a poorer body image among indigenous women in Malaysia.
III-V semiconductor mid-infrared interband cascade light emitters and detectors

We present recent work on III-V semiconductor mid-infrared light emitters and detectors. The employed type-II broken bandgap alignment between InAs and GaxIn1-xSb allows for widely tunable emission and absorption wavelengths with energies below the individual material bandgaps. We demonstrate room temperature operation of GaSb-based interband cascade lasers (ICLs) emitting between 6.1 and 6.9 μm. Furthermore, we investigate ideal growth conditions for InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices (T2SL) for the implementation in interband cascade detectors (ICDs) with cut-off wavelengths up to 7.5 μm at room temperature. We focus on strain balancing different SL compositions for different cutoff wavelengths via Sb-soak and sub-monolayer (SML) growth of InSb. An ideal growth temperature of TSub=430 °C is found by comparing the quality of different sets of samples by means of high-resolution X-ray diffractometry (HRXRD) and room temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements.
Behavioral Inhibition and Activation System Factors in Offenders and Non-Offenders

Abstract Objective The main aim was to investigate whether forensic psychiatric inpatients can be distinguished from prisoners and non-offender healthy controls based on their performance on neurocognitive tasks measuring behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation. Method This study used preexisting data from 120 male forensic psychiatric inpatients, 60 male prisoners and 66 male non-offender healthy controls. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to study the links between our outcome measures and group membership. To this end, we used outcome measures from a Continuous Performance task, an emotional Stroop task and behavioral inhibition system and behavioral activation system (BIS/BAS) questionnaire. Results BIS/BAS scores had discriminatory power for distinguishing forensic psychiatric inpatients from prisoners. Measures from the Continuous Performance task and the emotional Stroop task did not significantly differ between the offender groups. Conclusions BIS/BAS are relevant concepts in the context of criminal behavior and could play a role in the development of new approaches to subtype offender populations, because they seem useful for differentiating forensic psychiatric inpatients from prisoners. For clinical practice, our results suggest that these concepts should be routinely assessed as part of neuropsychological testing in forensic psychiatric settings.
The Prevalence of Infraocclusion in Primary Molars and Accompanying Dental Variations in a Turkish Sample

Background and Aim: Infraocclusion is a disorder of tooth eruption and there will be often more than one different variation found within a child with infraocclusion. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of infraocclusion, as well as investigate the selected dental variations in association with infraocclusion in the West-Mediterranean Region of Turkey.Methods: The sample consisted of 3,228 children aged 7-11 years. The prevalence and the severity of infraocclusion, and presence of other dental variations (tooth agenesis, supernumerary teeth, dens invaginatus, and taurodontism) were determined by the examination of panoramic radiographies. The development degree of corresponding permanent teeth were determined using the Nolla and Haavikko method. For statistical testing, the chi-square test was used to compare the data using SPSS statistical software.Results: Infraocclusion was defined in 3.25% of examined primary molars. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of infraocclusion between males (n=73) and females (n=51) or between right and left sides (p >0.05). It was found that about half of the affected patients have 2 impacted molars. Infraocclusion has mainly affected the first mandibular molar. A dental variation was also found in addition to infraocclusion within 50.8% of the patients. It was observed that primary molars without successors have more severe infraocclusion. No difference in terms of tooth development was detected (p >0.05). Conclusions: As a result of our study, it was seen that half of the children with infraoccluded primary molar had additional dental variations. Therefore, all children in the mixed and primary dentition should be examined carefully for infraocclusion of primary molars and accompanying dental variations. Early diagnosis and treatment may prevent the appearance of complications, so that the condition can be appropriately managed.
Influence of Weathering on Surface Roughness of Thermally Modified Wood

Wood is one of the most important building materials. Thermally modified wood is entering the market and replacing wood preservatives and tropical wood species in some applications. Thermally modified wood is exposed to weathering similarly as other wood-based building materials. It has been reported that if thermally modified wood is exposed to weathering, its moisture performance might decrease fairly fast. Moisture performance reflects the material's ability to remain dry and dry out fast when wet. The aim of this study was to determine whether this phenomenon is associated with crack formation or roughness. Norway spruce, thermally modified spruce, wax-treated thermally modified spruce, and European larch heartwood samples were exposed to artificial accelerated weathering and natural weathering for 9, 18, and 27 months. Samples were subsequently isolated, and their roughness was determined with a confocal laser scanning microscope on axial and longitudinal surfaces at 10× and 50× magnification. After weathering, roughness increased on both axial and longitudinal surfaces. This was evident from the profile 2D measurements (Ra) and surface 3D measurements (Sa). The effect of natural weathering on roughness was higher than artificial accelerated weathering, presumably due to synergistic effects of abiotic and biotic factors. This may be associated with Wenzel's theory on the influence of roughness on the contact angles of water on the surface; namely, increased roughness will decrease the contact angle on hydrophilic surfaces.
The indirect effects of Instagram images on women’s self-esteem: The moderating roles of BMI and perceived weight

Viewing idealized social media images may negatively impact women’s self-esteem, yet the underlying mechanisms and vulnerable female groups remain under-investigated. This online experiment applied a posttest-only, between-subjects design to examine the interaction effects of viewing #fitspiration and #thinspiration Instagram images, body mass index, and perceived weight on women’s self-esteem (N = 221) via appearance comparison. A moderated moderated mediation analysis (MMMA) shows significant effects for fitspiration and thinspiration conditions. Fitspiration pictures predicted lower self-esteem among Overweight women with perceived healthy weight (OH) than healthy weight women with perceived healthy weight (HH) and those with perceived overweight (HO). Thinspiration images resulted in lower self-esteem among HO than HH and OH. Implications include the importance of subjective and objective appearance comparison measurements, effect sizes of idealized social media images, the usefulness of MMMA, and the call for an Instagram literacy program.
Longer looking to agent with false belief at 7 but not 6 months of age

Abstract Theory of mind refers to the ability to reason about others' beliefs and to understand others' behaviour in terms of those beliefs. A large body of previous research has examined theory of mind reasoning in young children using false belief tasks, but tasks to examine this capacity during infancy have only been developed more recently. This research used stimuli developed by Kovács, et al., Science, 2010, 330, 1830–1834, to measure looking time to an agent with a false belief in infants aged 6 and 7 months. Using an eye‐tracking procedure, we found looking behaviour consistent with 7‐month‐olds distinguishing an agent who has a false belief from one who has a true belief, consistent with the results reported by Kovács et al. We did not find evidence of this looking preference among 6‐month‐olds.
Natural Radiation Shielding on Mars Measured With the MSL/RAD Instrument

Protecting astronauts from the effects of space radiation remains one major stepping stone for the exploration of Mars. Long‐term exposure to radiation can lead to severe health effects and affects allowable mission duration. Mission designs for Mars include the use of radiation shelters that provide additional mass to surround the astronauts. This leads to incoming radiation losing energy through ionization processes. This is important during solar energetic particle events when solar protons can reach the surface with high intensities. Additionally, shelters provide a long‐term reduction of the exposure to galactic cosmic rays. As mass is an important time and cost factor in space travel, using natural sheltering already on Mars is a desirable option. One candidate is to use subterranean lava tubes that provide shelter from the radiation from above. Other options include craters, cliff walls, or rock overhangs. Here, we present the first in situ measurements of radiation sheltering by natural environments on the surface of Mars. The data were acquired with the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on board the Curiosity rover in Gale crater on Mars. We show measurements from when Curiosity was parked close to Butte M12 in the Murray Buttes formation, which blocked out 19% of the surrounding sky view. During this time, from Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) sol 1456–1467, we find a decrease of 4% in the expected dose rate, and a decrease of 7.5% in the neutral particle environment. This proof of principle is an important step to validate plans to use natural sheltering on Mars.
Discourses of practice: an examination of KEF and its effects on the AL/HRD community

ABSTRACT The contribution of scholarship to practice is an on-going concern of the AL/HRD community. This paper explores how one influential discourse may shape AL/HRD’s understanding of that contribution. In 2020 the UK Government implemented the Knowledge Exchange Framework (KEF) to gather data on English Universities’ knowledge exchange activities. Using Gee’s tools of enquiry and building tasks we undertook discourse analysis of two key KEF texts to explore its likely impact on the AL/HRD community’s understanding. We compare the discourses used in those texts with three AL/HRD orders of discourse identified in existing literature to explore which if any are reinforced by the KEF discourses, and the potential material consequences this may have for AL/HRD understandings and practice. We find evidence of performance/performance discourses but no evidence of learning/emancipatory and critical discourses in the first text, but some limited elements of learning/emancipatory and critical discourses in the second. In contrast to models of inter-organisational learning, analysis of other texts referred to in this second source suggests that this change did not arise from the documented formal processes but micro-level informal interactions. We suggest this gives individual AL/HRD community members the space to develop alternative, non-performance discourses and practices of knowledge exchange.
Rheological, Sensorial, and Textural Properties of Ingredient-Mix Based Dried Beef Product (Kilishi)

As a ready-to-eat (RTE) meat product, Kilishi is gaining increasing popularity within Africa. Only experienced persons make Kilishi products, and improving the production process using comminuted meat production/technology can enhance the products’ quality and uniformity. In line with this, the rheological (elastic modulus, viscosity, and rupture strength), textural (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness), and sensorial (taste, color, texture, aroma, and overall acceptability) properties of ingredient-mix based Kilishi sausage were measured. Traditional Kilishi as a control was compared with seven other comminuted Kilishi products (CK1-7) of different ingredient-mix ratios. Comminuted Kilishi products obtained higher values for textural characteristics compared to the traditional Kilishi. Results indicated that CK7 had the highest elastic modulus (E strength (18.95 N), while CK2 had the lowest of these values amongst the comminuted Kilishi products. However, TK was more vis-Pas), yet had the lowest rupture strength (6.85 N). Sensorially, the panel rating for overall acceptability showed CK2 achieved the highest score (7.02) which is indicative of its degree of preference. Both rheology and texture strongly correlated (p<0.05) with one or more sensorial attributes. The ingredient-mix ratios and degree of exposure to heat treatment significantly influenced the rheological, textural, and sensorial properties of Kilishi. Compared to traditional Kilishi, CK2 appears very promising as it was more preferred by panelists, and among the comminuted Kilishi, CK2 had the most favorable textural and rheological attributes, and had the lowest ingredient-mix ratio, which is indicative of lower production costs than the other comminuted Kilishi products. The comminution technique and use of precise ingredient-mix ratios can provide added value in the Kilishi processing industry. cous (2.09 × 106 o , E 1, and E 2 ) and rupture.
Understanding Preferences for Coastal Climate Change Adaptation: A Systematic Literature Review

Lack of public support for coastal adaptation can present significant barriers for implementation. In response, policy makers and academics are seeking strategies to build public support for coastal adaptation, which requires a deeper understanding of peoples’ preferences for coastal adaptation and what motives those preferences. Here, we conduct a systematic literature review to understand preferences for coastal adaptation options and the factors influencing these preferences. Ninety peer-reviewed publications meet the inclusion criteria. The findings revealed that hard protection options were often the most frequently preferred, likely due to a desire to maintain current shoreline, for the protection of recreational spaces and private property, and a perceived effectiveness of hard protection options. Soft protection, including nature-based approaches, accommodation, and no action were the next most preferred options. Finally, retreat options were the least preferred, often due to strong place attachment. We identify twenty-eight factors that could influence preferences, with risk perception, place attachment, and financial considerations occurring most frequently in the literature. In the conclusion, we outline the most significant research gaps identified from our analysis and discuss the implication for adaptation research and practice.