Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PD-L1 Expression, Tumor Mutational Burden, and Cancer Gene Mutations Are Stronger Predictors of Bene ﬁ t from Immune Checkpoint Blockade than HLA Class I Genotype in Non – Small Cell Lung Cancer

Introduction: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the treatment of NSCLC, but only approximately 15% of patients achieve durable bene ﬁ t. Understanding mechanisms of resistance to ICB is pivotal in developing more effective treatment strategies. Recent studies showed that human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) class I heterozygosity might be important in mediating bene ﬁ t from ICB. We aimed to investigate the impact of HLA class I genotype on outcomes of patients with NSCLC treated with ICB. Methods: We collected HLA typing, genomic, and clinical data from patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICB at M. Squibb, Eli Lilly, and Novartis; personal fees from Arrys Therapeutics, LOXO Oncology, Araxes Pharma, Jannsen Research Foundation, Clovis Oncology, Takeda, Abbvie, TRM Oncology, Tesaro, Exelixis, and Gritstone, and grants from Janssen, Checkmate, and Incyte outside the submitted work. Dr. Glisson reports grants from Bristol Myers Squibb, P ﬁ zer, and Medimmune outside the submitted work. Dr. Blumenschein reports personal fees from Abbvie, Adicet, Amgen, ARIAD, Clovis, and Genentech; grants and personal fees from Bayer, BMS, Celgene, Merck, Novartis, and Xcovery; and grants from Adaptimmune, Exelixis, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Hoffman-La Roche, Immatics, Incyte, KITE, Macrogenetics, MedImmune, and Torque outside the submitted work. Dr. Heymach reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Spectrum, and GlaxoSmithKline; personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Exelixis, Genentech, Guardant Health, Hengrui, Lilly, Novartis, EMD Serono, and Synta; and grants from Bayer outside the submitted work; in addition, Dr. Heymach has a patent held by Spectrum with royalties paid. Dr. Zhang reports personal fees from BMS, AstraZeneca, Geneplus, OrigMed, and Innovent outside the submitted work. The remainingauthorsdeclare no con ﬂ ict of interest. gene ( STK11 ) mutation, negative programmed death ligand 1 expression, and low tumor mutational burden. Conclusions: HLA class I genotype is not correlated with survival in advanced NSCLC treated with ICB. This suggests that the impact of HLA class I diversity may be disease speci ﬁ c and that tumor genomic and immune markers are more impactful in predicting bene ﬁ t from ICB in NSCLC. (cid:2) 2019 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Gaming Disorder: A Scoping Review and Future Direction

Objective: The massive popularity of digital gaming in recent decades has led to an inevitable surge in the use of digital technologies. This has made the younger population more prone to gaming, and causing an exponential rise in excessive video gaming among both children and adolescents. This scoping review summarizes and determines the scope, or coverage, of the body of empirical literature on Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD); published from 2010 to 2021. It was conducted to identify and map the available empirical evidence on IGD pertaining to its: prevalence, determinants, comorbidities and health consequences. Material and Methods: Literature searches were made in databases; including, Google Scholar, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and PubMed to identify relevant articles published from 2010 to 2021. This was performed using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and the meta-analyses technique (PRISMA) exclusion and inclusion criteria. Twenty-six empirical research studies are included in the present review. Results: There have been unexplored areas related to IGD since its introduction into the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Although its harmful impact on mental health and well-being remains untouched across the world, IGD is growing rapidly and calls for substantial worldwide consideration. Conclusion: Findings advance the understanding of IGD, identify gaps in research and propose future research directions. Research and innovations must focus on assessment, tools, prevention, intervention and treatment of IGD.
Approximate Biprojectivity of ℓ 1 -Munn Banach Algebras

In the present paper, we study the approximate biprojectivity and weak approximate biprojectivity of ℓ 1 -Munn Banach algebras when the related sandwich matrix is regular over Inv ( A ) . In fact, we show that a ℓ 1 -Munn Banach algebra with the regular sandwich matrix over Inv ( A ) is approximately biprojective (weak approximately biprojective) if and only if A is approximately biprojective (weak approximately biprojective), respectively. We also study approximate biprojectivity of upper triangular Banach algebra when the associated sandwich matrix with elements in Inv ( A ) is invertible. Finally, we apply our results to Rees semigroup algebras.
Understanding Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Banking Behaviour from an E-Banking Perspective: An Empirical Approach

Digital innovation is redefining industries and changing the way businesses function. Digitisation and innovative technologies are creating unprecedented disruption in the banking sector. In the conundrum of technological advancements, E-banking has evolved into one of the most critical banking services that, when effectively implemented, may improve customer contentment while also providing banks with a competitive advantage. In this context, the study empirically evaluates the number and types of e-banking services used by customers of different banks and their satisfaction after using the technology-based services based on service quality dimensions like Ease/Convenience of use, reliability, security, responsiveness and personalisation. The study further examines the relationship between customer satisfaction, their behavioural intentions and change in their banking habits on using the e-banking services to gauge its impact on the banking industry. Primary data was collected from 200 respondents across PAN India using a structured questionnaire, explicitly targeting regions where e-banking services are not fully embraced. A random sampling technique was used to gather responses. Data interpretation was made using graphs and tables. Whereas data analysis was performed using statistical tools such as multiple regressions and univariate regressions to determine the impact of e-banking service delivery on the customers' satisfaction with banks. The study exhibited that service quality has a favourable influence on customer satisfaction and that there is a positive association between customer satisfaction and behavioural intention. On the contrary, given data constraints, the study could not empirically establish the relationship between customer satisfaction and banking habits. Thus, we conclude that the relative importance of service quality dimensions can help the banking industry focus on enhancing customer satisfaction and bringing desirable changes in customers' behaviour.
Étale cohomology, purity and formality with torsion coefficients

We use Galois group actions on étale cohomology to prove results of formality for dg‐operads and dg‐algebras with torsion coefficients. Our theory applies, among other related objects, to the dg‐operad of singular chains of the operad of little disks and to the dg‐algebra of singular cochains of the configuration space of points in the complex space. The formality that we obtain is only up to a certain degree, which depends on the cardinality of the field of coefficients.
A Surrogate-Based Technique for Android Malware Detectors' Explainability

With the emergence of Android malware and be-havioral polymorphism, it has been increasingly popular to use advanced machine learning and deep learning approaches for malware detection. Despite the fact that such classifiers have proven accurate in real-life settings, they remain uninterpretable and difficult for analysts and users to comprehend how they arrive at their classification decisions. Considering that the exfiltration of sensitive information is one of the most significant security threats, we examined both monograms and trigrams of system calls for normal and malicious software and received higher detection accuracy by using the trigram dataset. Based on this, we propose an auxiliary architecture for model explainability of complex data features via enhancement and aggregation of the auxiliary model with the main model based on the degree of disagreement between the two models. In this study, we employ the SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) framework to interpret the random forest models in order to identify the features most influential in predicting the model's predictions, along with quantifying their contributions to individual predictions. The obtained results confirm that the models are not biased and the features that influence the classification prediction are intuitive in terms of the exfiltration problem in question. In addition, our proposed methodology increases transparency and interpretability of our exfiltration detection model running in production, increasing the users' trust in the model's predictions.
The Epidemiology of Lightning in Mainland China - A Review of Two Datasets from the 1950s to 2018

Lightning is among the top storm-related fatality and injury hazards in mainland China. This study shows the lightning fatalities and injuries in mainland China from the $\boldsymbol{1950}\mathbf{s}$ to 2018 based on two publicly available datasets. Although there is inconsistency in both datasets, they still provide a valuable set of information to help us understand the history of lightning fatality and inj uries in mainland China that can used to provide guidance for future lightning safety education.
A novel implementation of sleeping posture classification using RANC ecosystem

Sleeping posture recognition plays a vital role in various clinical applications. Many studies show that pressure sensor-based solutions work well for assessing in-bed positions. In recent years, Neuromorphic Computing has attracted many researchers' attention due to its advantage of energy efficiency. Surprisingly, the applications of Neuromorphic Computing in sleeping posture classification have been still lacking. This study proposed a novel approach that combines a preprocessing technique and an ensemble model based on a neuromorphic computing architecture called RANC. Experimental results confirm that our proposed method can gain 99.99% and 92.4% accuracy in the Leave-One-Subject-Out (LOSO) validation for 3 and 17 sleeping postures, respectively. This result greatly surpasses the previous SNN-based sleeping posture classification method.
The detectability of baryonic acoustic oscillations in future galaxy surveys.

We assess the detectability of baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) in the power spectrum of galaxies using ultralarge volume N-body simulations of the hierarchical clustering of dark matter and semi-analytical modelling of galaxy formation. A step-by-step illustration is given of the various effects (non-linear fluctuation growth, peculiar motions, non-linear and scale-dependent bias) which systematically change the form of the galaxy power spectrum on large scales from the simple prediction of linear perturbation theory. Using a new method to extract the scale of the oscillations, we nevertheless find that the BAO approach gives an unbiased estimate of the sound horizon scale. Sampling variance remains the dominant source of error despite the huge volume of our simulation box (=2.41 h -3 Gpc 3 ). We use our results to forecast the accuracy with which forthcoming surveys will be able to measure the sound horizon scale, s, and, hence constrain the dark energy equation of state parameter, w (with simplifying assumptions and without marginalizing over the other cosmological parameters). Pan-STARRS could potentially yield a measurement with an accuracy of Δs/s = 0.5-0.7 per cent (corresponding to Aw ≈ 2-3 per cent), which is competitive with the proposed WFMOS survey (Δs/s = 1 per cent Aw ≈ 4 per cent). Achieving Δw ≤ 1 per cent using BAO alone is beyond any currently commissioned project and will require an all-sky spectroscopic survey, such as would be undertaken by the SPACE mission concept under proposal to ESA.
Decision Support System using Weighting Similarity Model for Constructing Ground-Truth Dataset

This research aims to form a ground-truth dataset in the entity-matching process used to detect duplication of records in a bibliographic database. The contribution of this research is the obtained dataset which can be used as reference in measuring and evaluating the entity matching model implemented in bibliographic databases. This aim was achieved by developing a decision support system through experts who act as decision makers in the bibliographic databases field to construct ground-truth datasets. The model used in this decision support system weights similarity by comparing each attribute of the pairwise record in the dataset. An expert who understands all characteristics of the research database can use the graphical user interface to evaluate and determine the pairwise record that meets the conditions, such as duplication of records. This research produces a ground-truth dataset using the decision support system approach.
Recovery from Maunder-like Grand Minima in a Babcock–Leighton Solar Dynamo Model

The Sun occasionally goes through Maunder-like extended grand minima when its magnetic activity drops considerably from the normal activity level for several decades. Many possible theories have been proposed to explain the origin of these minima. However, how the Sun managed to recover from such inactive phases every time is even more enigmatic. The Babcock–Leighton type dynamos, which are successful in explaining many features of the solar cycle remarkably well, are not expected to operate during grand minima due to the lack of a sufficient number of sunspots. In this Letter, we explore the question of how the Sun could recover from grand minima through the Babcock–Leighton dynamo. In our three-dimensional dynamo model, grand minima are produced spontaneously as a result of random variations in the tilt angle of emerging active regions. We find that the Babcock–Leighton process can still operate during grand minima with only a minimal number of sunspots, and that the model can emerge from such phases without the need for an additional generation mechanism for the poloidal field. The essential ingredient in our model is a downward magnetic pumping, which inhibits the diffusion of the magnetic flux across the solar surface.
Mechanism of grain growth during severe plastic deformation of a nanocrystalline Ni-Fe alloy

Deformation induced grain growth has been widely reported in nanocrystalline materials. However, the grain growth mechanism remains an open question. This study applies high-pressure torsion to severely deform bulk nanocrystalline Ni-20 wt % Fe disks and uses transmission electron microscopy to characterize the grain growth process. Our results provide solid evidence suggesting that high pressure torsion induced grain growth is achieved primarily via grain rotation for grains much smaller than 100 nm. Dislocations are mainly seen at small-angle subgrain boundaries during the grain growth process but are seen everywhere in grains after the grains have grown large.
Generation and amplification of a high-order sideband induced by two-level atoms in a hybrid optomechanical system

It is quite important to enhance and control the optomechanically induced high-order sideband generation to achieve low-power optical comb and high-sensitivity sensing with an integratable structure. Here we present and analyze a proposal for enhancement and manipulation of optical nonlinearity and high-order sideband generation in a hybrid atom-cavity optomechanical system that is coherently driven by a bichromatic input field consisting of a control field and a probe field and works beyond the perturbative regime. Our numerical analysis with experimentally achievable parameters confirms that robust high-order sideband generation and typical spectral structures with non-perturbative features can be created even under weak driven fields. The dependence of the high-order sideband generation on the atomic parameters are also discussed in detail, including the decay rate of the atoms and the coupling parameter between the atoms and the cavity field. We show that the cutoff order as well as the amplitude of the higher order sidebands can be well tuned by the atomic coupling strength and the atomic decay rate. The proposed mechanism of enhancing optical nonlinearity is quite general and can be adopted to optomechanical systems with different types of cavity.
Theory of Microplasma Instability in Silicon

A statistical theory is presented to explain microplasma instability at the onset of avalanche in reversebiased silicon linearly graded and step junctions. An expression is derived which relates the turnoff probability of the microplasma to the differential resistance of the diode in its conducting state and to other physically measurable diode parameters. Measurements of the turnoff probability as a function of the pulse current are presented for several diodes and are shown to agree well with the derived theory. To explain the turnon probability, three expressions, each involving slightly different approximations, are derived for the probability that a carrier entering the breakdown region will initiate an avalanche. In each case, this probability is found to be proportional to the excess of the applied voltage over a uniquely definable sustaining voltage Vs, in poor agreement with experiment. The various mechanisms which determine the diode's differential impedance in the conducting state are discussed.
Distributed Star Formation throughout the Galactic Center Cloud Sgr B2

We report ALMA observations with resolution ≈0. ″5 at 3 mm of the extended Sgr B2 cloud in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ). We detect 271 compact sources, most of which are smaller than 5000 au. By ruling out alternative possibilities, we conclude that these sources consist of a mix of hypercompact H ii regions and young stellar objects (YSOs). Most of the newly detected sources are YSOs with gas envelopes that, based on their luminosities, must contain objects with stellar masses M * ≳ 8 M ⊙ . Their spatial distribution spread over a ∼12 × 3 pc region demonstrates that Sgr B2 is experiencing an extended star formation event, not just an isolated “starburst” within the protocluster regions. Using this new sample, we examine star formation thresholds and surface density relations in Sgr B2. While all of the YSOs reside in regions of high column density ( N ( H 2 ) ≳ 2 × 10 23 cm − 2 ), not all regions of high column density contain YSOs. The observed column density threshold for star formation is substantially higher than that in solar vicinity clouds, implying either that high-mass star formation requires a higher column density or that any star formation threshold in the CMZ must be higher than in nearby clouds. The relation between the surface density of gas and stars is incompatible with extrapolations from local clouds, and instead stellar densities in Sgr B2 follow a linear Σ * – Σ gas relation, shallower than that observed in local clouds. Together, these points suggest that a higher volume density threshold is required to explain star formation in CMZ clouds.
Probabilities in the Bousso–Polchinski multiverse

Using the recently introduced method to calculate bubble abundances in an eternally inflating spacetime, we investigate the volume distribution for the cosmological constant Λ in the context of the Bousso–Polchinski (BP) landscape model. We find that the resulting distribution has a staggered appearance which is in sharp contrast to the heuristically expected flat distribution. Previous successful predictions for the observed value of Λ have hinged on the assumption of a flat volume distribution. To reconcile our staggered distribution with observations for Λ, the BP model would have to produce a huge number of vacua in the anthropic range ΔΛA of Λ, so that the distribution could conceivably become smooth after averaging over some suitable scale .
Hubble Space Telescope Planetary Camera Images of NGC 1316 (Fornax A)

We present HST Planetary Camera V and I~band images of the central region of the peculiar giant elliptical galaxy NGC 1316. The inner profile is well fit by a nonisothermal core model with a core radius of 0.41" +/- 0.02" (34 pc). At an assumed distance of 16.9 Mpc, the deprojected luminosity density reaches $\sim 2.0 \times 10^3 L_{\sun}$ pc$^{-3}$. Outside the inner two or three arcseconds, a constant mass-to-light ratio of $\sim 2.2 \pm 0.2$ is found to fit the observed line width measurements. The line width measurements of the center indicate the existence of either a central dark object of mass $2 \times 10^9 M_{\sun}$, an increase in the stellar mass-to-light ratio by at least a factor of two for the inner few arcseconds, or perhaps increasing radial orbit anisotropy towards the center. The mass-to-light ratio run in the center of NGC 1316 resembles that of many other giant ellipticals, some of which are known from other evidence to harbor central massive dark objects (MDO's). We also examine twenty globular clusters associated with NGC 1316 and report their brightnesses, colors, and limits on tidal radii. The brightest cluster has a luminosity of $9.9 \times 10^6 L_{\sun}$ ($M_V = -12.7$), and the faintest detectable cluster has a luminosity of $2.4 \times 10^5 L_{\sun}$ ($M_V = -8.6$). The globular clusters are just barely resolved, but their core radii are too small to be measured. The tidal radii in this region appear to be $\le$ 35 pc. Although this galaxy seems to have undergone a substantial merger in the recent past, young globular clusters are not detected.
D-branes on noncommutative orbifolds

We study tachyon condensation on noncommutative toric orbifolds with a 2 discrete group and explore the various kinds of brane bound states arising in the case of irrational values of the B-field. We show that 2 symmetry of the orbifolds incorporates naturally anti-branes in the spectrum and leads to equivalent results as those obtained by starting from an original pair of D- system on quantum torii. A specific analysis is deserved to the irrational representation of NC orbifolds and to the unstable bound states generated by the condensation.
Matrix methods in elastomechanics

THIS engineering reference book makes available to the engineering community much excellent work on the thermodynamic and heat-transfer aspects of the generation of electrical power in space. The topics covered include: thermodynamic cycles with the emphasis on the Rankine cycle, using various classes of working fluids and with heat rejection by radiation in space; radiator, fin, and condenser design; solar dynamic power system design; lunar station temperature control; and expendable fluid temperature control and power generation systems. Previously, many of these topics were only available as separate reports by the author. The book should serve as an excellent source for preliminary system analysis and component design. The work presented is extremely thorough and clear, and can be applied directly. Since the book is oriented toward applications it could easily serve as a text for an advanced energy conversion design course at the senior-graduate level. It is unfortunate that the author did not include a chapter on the mechanical requirements of space radiators, dealing with the vehicle structure necessary to support the radiator, and armor to protect it from micrometeorites, since these considerations have been found to alter the optimum cycle operating conditions and fin efficiency from the values found for the ideal case. The book is highly recommended to those who are concerned with the thermodynamic and heat-transfer aspects of space power plant design.