Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Harvest Frequency and Cultivar Influence on Yield and Protein of Alfalfa‐Ryegrass Mixtures

Binary mixtures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) are commonly grown for forage in the U.S. Northeast. The competitiveness of ryegrass with alfalfa as modified by management practices has not been extensively studied. Two experiments were conducted to measure the influence of harvest frequency and ryegrass ploidy level on production, botanical composition, and crude protein concentration of alfalfa-ryegrass mixtures. The first experiment used six replicates of a factorial treatment structure (three ryegrass cultivars x three harvest cycles) in a split-plot design. The second experiment used three replicates of three cultivars x three harvest treatments. Increasing the length of the harvest cycle from 20 to 40 d increased alfalfa and total dry matter production (10.1 to 14.9 Mg ha -1 ) while decreasing ryegrass production and proportion (49 to 18%) of grass in the stand. Ryegrass was nearly eliminated from the stand at the 40-d harvest cycle, but when the cutting cycle was changed to 20 d the next year, it became productive and contributed one-fourth to one-half of the total forage yield. Alfalfa, which had low productivity (7.3 to 8.4 Mg ha -1 ) in a 20-d cycle, became very productive (16.4 to 17.4 Mg ha -1 ) when the cycle was changed to 40 d the next year. Crude protein concentration in alfalfa decreased from 248 to 200 g kg -1 as harvest cycle increased from 20 to 40 d. Ryegrass crude protein increased from 163 to 184 g kg -1 as harvest cycle increased. Frances and Diplomat perennial turfgrass ryegrasses were as productive and persistent as Citadel perennial forage ryegrass in binary mixtures with alfalfa.
Factors associated with interannual and intraannual variation in nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth in castle lake, California

In a 3-year study of Castle Lake, California, potential nutrient (N,P) limitation of phytoplankton growth occurred rapidly (within 1–4 d of ice-out). Both N and P acted as potential limiting factors to phytoplankton growth in short-term (4–5 d) bioassays. Phytoplankton responded strongly to single additions of N or P in 1990 and 1992 but weakly so in 1991. This difference was associated with low inorganic N concentrations during spring 1991. In 1990 and 1991, variation of the primary limiting element correlated with the N:P ratio of the zooplankton community; phytoplankton tended to be N limited when the zooplankton was dominated by species with high N:P ratios (Diaptomus novamexicanus and Diacyclops thomasi: N:P ratios, by mass = 10.6–12.5) but limited by P when low N:P taxa (Daphnia rosea, N:P = 4.7) dominated. However, N vs. P limitation and zooplankton elemental data for 1992 did not fit the 1990–1991 pattern and there was no correlation for the 3-year data set. A field experiment demonstrated that th.
Heterosis in Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.)

Twenty-eight F1 hybrids derived from eight diverse bottle gourd genotypes were evaluated in randomised block design with three replications during kharif 2003–04 to study the heterosis over better parents and check hybrid INDAM 204. The hybrid Pusa Naveen x NDBG 104, Pusa Naveen x UL-6 and Pusa Naveen x NDBG 140 were found to be the most promising and manifested heterobeltiosis of 84.95%, 76.02% and 51.26% and standard heterosis of 37.33%, 20.16% and 31.34%, respectively, for fruit yield per plant. Therefore, these three hybrids were identified for evaluation at multi-location and commercial exploitation.
Chia: Host Status for Meloidogyne incognita and Activity of Plant Extracts.

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds are used for food, drinks, oil, and animal feed, and all plant parts are employed in traditional medicine. The growing demand for the seed has created a need for improved disease management. Plant-parasitic nematodes have been found on other Salvia spp. , but none have been reported from S. hispanica. Chia has also not been tested for production of compounds active against these nematodes. Therefore, aqueous extracts from shoots and roots of six chia lines, Brad's Organic, Cono, E2, G3, G5, and W13.1, were tested in laboratory assays. Some concentrations of all extracts were nematotoxic, killing about one-third of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood second-stage juveniles (J2s) in shoot extracts and up to nearly half of J2s in root extracts. Hatch was generally not affected by the extracts. In greenhouse trials, all six chia lines were hosts of M. incognita. Chia line G3 had approximately two times or more eggs per gram of root than Brad's Organic or Cono. When cucumber seedlings were transplanted into soil amended with chopped chia shoots (2.3 or 2.5% weight of fresh shoots/weight of dry soil), galling and egg production on cucumber roots were not suppressed. To our knowledge, this is the first report that chia is a host to M. incognita (or any phytoparasitic nematode) and that chia shoots and roots produce compounds active against a nematode.
CONTENT VISUALIZATION OF ITE LAW FOR LEARNING PROCESS

The Information and Electronic Transaction laws (ITE Law) in Indonesia is still in the form of text and has not been effective in its dissemination, hence it is less attractive to the public, especially young Internet citizens. For this reason, there needs to be a medium as a learning tool to understand the ITE Law. This study aims to visualize the contents of the ITE Law into an interesting learning media. The development model used is Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC). The subjects of this study were students of Ganesha University of Education who were interested in studying the ITE Law. From the experts’ point of view, the content of this study is deemed valid, the media practical; the normality test obtained N-Gain value of 0.71, which is a high category. This study tested 20 respondents, resulting in 40% or very high responses and 60% high responses. These results indicate that the content visualization of the ITE Law is valid, practical and effective for learning. This application is expected to be able to increase the understanding of Undiksha students of the IET Law so that they can behave wisely and smartly on social media.
A proposed capillary number dependent model for prediction of relative permeability in gas condensate reservoirs: a robust non-linear regression analysis

Well deliverability reduction as a result of liquid (condensate) build up in near well regions is an important deal in the development of gas condensate reservoirs. The relative permeability is an imperative factor for characterization of the aforementioned problem. The dependence of relative permeability on the coupled effects of Interfacial Tension (IFT) and flow velocity (capillary number) together with phase saturation is well established in the literature. In gas condensate reservoirs, however, the influence of IFT and velocity on this parameter becomes more evident. The current paper aims to establish a new model for predicting the relative permeability of gas condensate reservoirs by employing the direct interpolation technique. To this end, the regression analysis was carried out using seven sets of literature published experimental data. The validity analysis was executed by utilizing statistical parameters integrated with graphical descriptions. Furthermore, a comparison was carried out between the proposed model and some literature published empirical models. The results of the examination demonstrated that the new model outperformed other correlations from the standpoints of accuracy and reliability.
Decentralized Governance of Digital Platforms

Over the past decade, the rise of blockchain technology has led to the emergence of a growing number of decentralized platforms that are governed less by platform owners and more through community efforts. The emergence of blockchain platforms offers a unique opportunity to examine alternative structures for platform governance and to develop a theory around the value of centralized, semi-decentralized, and decentralized governance. Drawing on mechanism design theory, we evaluate the tradeoffs between centralization and decentralization and hypothesize semi-decentralization as a higher performing governance structure. Empirical evidence from the blockchain industry shows that decentralization has an inverted U-shaped relationship with platforms’ market capitalization, developer attention, and development activity. We further examine factors driving the decentralization of platform governance and find that digital platforms of the infrastructure layer—relative to those of the application layer—have a tendency to become more decentralized. This tendency, nevertheless, can be offset by experienced leaders to achieve semi-decentralization. Overall, this study contributes new insights on the characteristics, antecedents, and consequences of effective platform governance.
Food habits of Metachirus nudicaudatus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in a Brazilian Cerrado: diet composition and dietary seasonality

The diet of the brown four-eyed opossum (Metachirus nudicaudatus) at a riparian savanna in Brazil was analyzed using 22 fecal samples collected monthly from November 2009 to October 2011. A comparison was established between samples from rainy and dry seasons. Diet composition varied seasonally. Arthropods and fruits were consumed in different frequencies of occurrence, in both seasons, but small vertebrates were only found in the dry season. Diet differences among biomes (Atlantic Forest and Cerrado) were also assessed by comparing the frequency of food items in the fecal sample in our study with data from the literature. Invertebrates (100%) were the most frequent food category found, followed by fruits (59%) and vertebrates (13.6%). Small differences in the consumption of invertebrates were found among the biomes. Nevertheless, seed frequency was significantly higher in samples from the Cerrado than in those from the Atlantic Forest. In our study site, Metachirus nudicaudatus is opportunistic and has an omnivorous diet, tending to include more fruits in its natural diet than has been previously described.
Keratometric changes after pterygium excision

Background: A pterygium is a wing-shaped growth of conjunctiva and fibrovascular tissue on the superficial cornea. The pathogenesis of pterygia is strongly correlated with UV light exposure and environmental factors. The prevalence of pterygia increases steadily with proximity to the equator, and the condition is more common in men than women. It is well established fact that before entering the optical zone pterygium causes flattening of the cornea in horizontal meridian with the more normal side of the cornea usually temporally, resulting in with-the-rule astigmatism. Methods: The study included 80 patients of primary pterygium who underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft adhered by autologous blood surgery. After performing routine ocular examination which includes visual acuity without and with pinhole and pre-operative keratomery was assessed by autokeratorefractometer. Repeat examination was performed after 6 weeks of surgery. Patients with recurrent pterygium, pseudo-pterygium, and history of previous ocular surgery were excluded. Results: The pre‐ and postoperative corneal astigmatism were compared after 6 weeks of surgery. The changes in corneal astigmatism were statistically significant p value <0.001. The preoperative mean corneal astigmatism of 3.41 D was reduced to 1.59 D (p value <0.001) 6 weeks after surgery, but maximum change in astigmatism was seen in Grade IV >Grade III >Grade II >Grade I. Conclusions: Primary pterygium of all grades treated with well accepted technique pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft with autologous blood gives promising results in terms of improvement in corneal astigmatism and hence visual acuity as well.
MODERATION OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNAL AUDITOR COMPETENCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE OF FRAUD PREVENTION

This research aimed to known the effect of internal auditor competence and the justice organization toward prevention of fraud with internal control system as moderate variable. The population of this research is Government Internal Controlling (APIP) in Inspektorat of North Moluccas. The method of taken sample is used multistage sampling. The technique which used to examine the hypotesa is simple regression and examine moderate variable used absolute difference value test . The result of this research is to show that internal auditor competence affect to prevention fraud justice organization is not affect to prevention fraud, internal control system can moderate internal auditor competence to prevention fraud, while the justice organization is not affect to prevention fraud which moderated by internal control system.
Comparative Economics of Four Aquaculture Species Under Monoculture and Polyculture Production in Guam

Financial analysis, which included breakeven, net present value, internal rate of return, present value index, payback period and financial ratios, was carried out on data from three aquaculture farms located on Guam. The analysis included four primary species, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Chanos chanos, Clarias batrachus, and a hybrid Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticus, and two culture methods, monoculture and polyculture. Asian catfish, Clorias batrachus, monoculture showed the greatest capital return. The use of NPV, PVI, IRR, and payback period as decision criteria also resulted in the selection of Asian catfish monoculture from the alternative species and culture methods considered. Tilapia polyculture had the lowest return on investment (less than 1%) and required 92% of the total production to reach the breakeven point. The application of the analysis methods presented provide a means for management to reduce financial risks and make informed choices between alternative strategies.
Penerapan Metode UEQ dan Cooperative Evaluation untuk Mengevaluasi User Experience Lapor Bantul

Lapor Bantul adalah sebuah aplikasi yang dibuat oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Bantul yang berfungsi untuk menangani segala permasalahan dan keluhan-keluhan di sekitar kabupaten Bantul. Berdasarkan seluruh data review dan rating dari pengguna Lapor Bantul yang sudah di dikumpulkan dan kemudian diklasifikasikan antara review positif dan negatif, mayoritas review yang diberikan pengguna berisi ungkapan kekecewaan dan keluhan terhadap aplikasi tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang akan digunakan adalah User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) dengan menggunakan 6 skala pengukuran pengalaman pengguna dan metode evaluasi kooperatif untuk menentukan masalah yang dihadapi oleh pengguna saat menggunakan aplikasi Lapor Bantul. Tujuan evaluasi ini adalah mengukur pengalaman pengguna dan hasil rekomendasi user experience yang digunakan untuk membangun prototipe. Hasil pengukuran pengalaman pengguna aplikasi Lapor Bantul mengalami peningkatan dalam setiap skala kuesioner pengalaman pengguna, termasuk daya tarik dengan peningkatan 0,89, perspektif 1,23, efisiensi 0,63, keandalan 0,81, stimulasi 0,74 dan kebaruan 0,78. Kemudian, di benchmark UEQ perbandingan desain sebelum dievaluasi dan sesudah dievluasi juga mengalami peningkatan pengalaman pengguna, yang sebelumnya kategorikan dalam kategori below average (di bawah rata-rata) menjadi good (baik). Kata Kunci — Lapor Bantul, User Experience, User Interface, UEQ, Cooperative Evaluation Lapor Bantul is an application made by the district government of Bantul which functions to handle all problems and complaints around Bantul district. Based on all the reviewand rating data from Lapor Bantul users that has been collected and then classified between positive and negative reviews, the majority of reviews given by users contain expressions of disappointment and complaints about the application. In this study the method to be used is User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) using 6 scales of user experience measurement and cooperative evaluation methods to determine the problems faced by users when using the application to Lapor Bantul. The purpose of this evaluation is to measure user experience and the user experience recommendations used to build prototypes. The results of measuring user experience in the Lapor Bantul experienced an increase in each scale of the user experience questionnaire, including attraction with an increase of 0.89, perspective 1.23, efficiency 0.63, reliability 0.81, stimulation 0.74 and novelty 0.78. Then, in the UEQ benchmark the comparison of designs before being evaluated and after being evaluated also experienced an increase in user experience, which previously categorized the below average category to be good. Keywords — Lapor Bantul, User Experience, User Interface, UEQ, Cooperative Evaluation
Predicting Low-Cost Gas Sensor Readings From Transients Using Long Short-Term Memory Neural Networks

With the everyday growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), the number of connected sensor devices increases as well, where each sensor consumes energy while being constantly online. During that time, they collect large amounts of data in short intervals leading to the collection of redundant and perhaps irrelevant data. Moreover, being commonly battery powered, sensor batteries need to be frequently replaced or recharged. The former requires smarter and less frequent data collection, while the latter being complementary to the former requires putting them to sleep while not being used in order to save energy. The focus of this article is low-cost gas sensors as they need to preheat for several minutes to reliably collect gas concentration. However, instead of waiting for a sensor to heat up, a transient, i.e., a data trend that the sensor collects while heating up is analyzed. It is shown that long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network can be used to learn and later predict the actual gas level from a part of the transient. This way, instead of being constantly online or fully preheating, the sensor needs to be turned on for only 20 s and then sleep for 120 s. With high accuracy, our approach decreases energy consumption by up to 85% compared to a system where sensors are constantly online, and more than 50% compared to a system where a sensor collects actual values instead of a part of the transient.
Total‐evidence phylogenetic analysis and reclassification of the Phylinae (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae), with the recognition of new tribes and subtribes and a redefinition of Phylini

The subfamily Phylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae) is one of the largest subfamilies of plant bugs and in the most recent classification comprised six tribes: Pilophorini, Hallodapini, Auricillocorini, Phylini, Pronotocrepini, and Leucophoropterini. Phylogenetic analyses of the subfamily using dynamic homology (POY), parsimony (TNT), and model‐based (RAxML) methods are presented. A dataset comprising both morphological and molecular characters (16S, 18S, 28S, and COI–COII) was assembled for taxon samples of 164 ingroup and nine outgroup taxa. A reclassification of the subfamily based on the POY analysis is presented, recognizing nine tribes and nine subtribes. The Auricillocorini is synonymized with the Hallodapini and the Pronotocrepini with the Cremnorrhini; the Phylini was found to be polyphyletic and is redefined; the Semiini and Nasocorini are resurrected and redefined; and the Decomiini and Coatonocapsiniare presented as new tribes. The Hallodapini, rather than the Pilophorini, was found to be the sister‐group to the remaining Phylinae.
Significant population genetic structure detected for a new and highly restricted species of Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) from Western Australia, and implications for conservation management

Atriplex sp. Yeelirrie Station (L. Trotter & A. Douglas LCH 25025) is a highly restricted, potentially new species of saltbush, known from only two sites ~30 km apart in central Western Australia. Knowledge of genetic structure within the species is required to inform conservation strategies as both populations occur within a palaeovalley that contains significant near-surface uranium mineralisation. We investigate the structure of genetic variation within populations and subpopulations of this taxon using nuclear microsatellites. Internal transcribed spacer sequence data places this new taxon within a clade of polyploid Atriplex species, and the maximum number of alleles per locus suggests it is hexaploid. The two populations possessed similar levels of genetic diversity, but exhibited a surprising level of genetic differentiation given their proximity. Significant isolation by distance over scales of less than 5 km suggests dispersal is highly restricted. In addition, the proportion of variation between the populations (12%) is similar to that among A. nummularia populations sampled at a continent-wide scale (several thousand kilometres), and only marginally less than that between distinct A. nummularia subspecies. Additional work is required to further clarify the exact taxonomic status of the two populations. We propose management recommendations for this potentially new species in light of its highly structured genetic variation.
Illustrations Before Text Reduce Visuospatial Working Memory Load During Text Processing

ABSTRACT In this study we investigated whether the beneficial effect of adding illustrations to text can be explained by the fact that illustrations facilitate analogous mental representation construction from text in visuospatial working memory. For this the secondary task paradigm was used. It was expected that the secondary task interfered only with learning from text when no illustrations were presented beforehand, because here learners have to construct an analogous mental model on their own, and consequently working memory load should be high. No interference of the secondary task was expected when illustrations were presented. Additionally, it was assumed that learners with illustration performed on a higher level. Contrast analyses confirmed this data pattern when reading (Experiments 1 and 3) or listening to the text (Experiment 2) and with less (Experiments 1 and 2) and more complex learning materials (Experiment 3) for recall tasks. These findings indicate that illustrations before text supported learners in constructing an analogous mental representation from the text, explaining why no secondary task interference was observed when illustrations were presented. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Frequency of Weeding Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) for Optimum Growth and Yield

SUMMARY Field experiments were carried out during the rainy seasons of 1985 and 1986 to examine the frequency of weeding necessary for the optimum growth and yield of okra in Nigeria. Weed removal within 12 weeks of sowing generally resulted in significantly better crop growth and yield than that in the weedy check. Weeding once as early as four weeks was as beneficial to okra growth and yield as two or three weedings later in the 12 week period. Weed removal four times at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks significantly enhanced crop growth and pod yield over all other treatments. For good pod yields, protection from weed competition over most of the duration of crop growth is therefore essential. Such weed removal may enhance crop yield partly by increasing aeration and water movement in the soil.
Laticifers in Euphorbiaceae–a conspectus

Laticifers in Euphorbiaceae–a conspectus. Despite the multitude of references on laticifers in Euphorbiaceae, much of the work concentrated on economically important, and often highly specialized genera, particularly Euphorbia and Hevea, the evolution of the laticifer in the family is poorly understood. In this paper, laticifers, in a representative sample of genera of Euphorbiaceae, are investigated with respect to morphology and distribution. This information is supplemented with a review of existing literature. It seems probable that the articulated and non-articulated types are not as divergent as commonly supposed, since both may undergo intrusive growth, although more ontogenetic studies are needed to clarify the relationship between them.