Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Deep Reinforcement Learning with Domain Randomization

Secure and robust deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is necessary to deploy DRL algorithms in real world applications. However, previous work shows that DRL policies are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. In order to study the vulnerability/robustness of DRL algorithms, previous work has explored various attacks against DRL policies assuming that the attacker has access to the original policy either in a white-box manner or black-box manner. However, the re-alizability of these attacks is limited as assuming access to the original training environment or the policy could some-times be impossible. In this study, we propose a set of novel adversarial attack approaches against DRL policies based on domain randomization, and we do not have the assumption of access to the exact original training environment nor the original policy, nor the possibility of querying the exact original policy. We ﬁrst systematically analyze the space of transferable adversarial attacks against DRL when the attacker has almost no knowledge about the original training environment information such as system dynamics, action space, reward function, and/or information about the trained policy such as the algorithms and network structure. Then we train an attacker on multiple different environments with different dynamics, action space and reward settings, and also with different RL algorithms. We separately evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed attack when the environment changes or the algorithm used to train the pristine model changes. We compare our method with traditional adversarial attacks to show the improved transferability.
Ferrochirality: A simple theoretical model of interacting dynamically invertible helical polymers, 1. The basic effects

The effect of interaction between reversible helical polymers of the poly(hexyl isocyanate) type is investigated by using a molecular field model. It is shown that for interacting helices a critical temperature exists below which they must adopt a common helix-sense spontaneously, even in the absence of any external or intrinsic chiral force
Computer Vision for Atmospheric Turbulence: Generation, Restoration, and its Applications

Real-world images often suffer from variation in weather conditions such as rain, fog, snow, and temperature. These variations in the atmosphere adversely affect the performance of computer vision models in real-world scenarios. This problem can be bypassed by collecting and annotating images for each weather. However, collecting and annotating images in such conditions is an extremely tedious task, which is time-consuming as well as expensive. So, in this work, we address the forementioned problems. Among all the weather conditions, we focus on the distortions in the image caused by high temperature, also known as atmospheric turbulence. These distortions introduce geometrical deformation around the boundaries of an object in an image which causes a vision algorithm to perform poorly and pose a major concern. Hence, in this thesis, we address the problem of artificially generating atmospheric turbulence and restoring the images from it. In the first part of our work, we attempt to model atmospheric turbulence. Since such models are critical to extending computer vision solutions developed in the laboratory to real-world use cases. And, simulating atmospheric turbulence by using statistical models or by computer graphics is often computationally expensive. To overcome this problem, we train a generative adversarial network(GAN) which outputs an atmospheric turbulent image by utilizing less computational resources than traditional methods. We propose a novel loss function to efficiently learn the atmospheric turbulence at the finer level. Experiments show that by using the proposed loss function, our network outperforms the existing state-of-the-art image to image translation network in turbulent image generation. In the second part of the thesis, we address the ill-posed problem of restoring images degraded due to atmospheric turbulence. We propose a deep adversarial network to recover the images which are distorted due to atmospheric turbulence and show the applicability of restored images in several tasks. Unlike previous methods, our approach neither uses any prior knowledge about atmospheric turbulence conditions at inference time nor requires the fusion of multiple images to get a single restored image. To train our models, we synthesized turbulent images by following a series of efficient 2D operations. Thereafter, using our trained models we run inference on real and synthesized turbulent images. Our final restoration models DT-GAN+ and DTD-GAN+ qualitatively and quantitatively outperforms the general state-of-the-art image-to-image translation models. The improved performance of our model is due to the use of optimized residual structures along with channel attention and sub-pixel mechanism which exploits the information between the channels and removes atmospheric turbulence at the finer
Research Paper: Symptom Dimensions and Brain- Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

Running Title BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism and OCD : https://doi.org/10.32598/CJNS.6. 21.222. 1 Use your device to scan and read the article online Article info: Received: 12 Dec 2019 First Revision: 05 Jan 2020 Accepted: 25 Feb 2020 Published: 01 Apr 202
Conceivable Microalgae-like Ancient Martian Fossils and Terran Analogues MER Opportunity Heritage

The finding of life on Mars, existing now or in the past, will certainly be one of the greatest adventures in the history of mankind. Further arguments are provided, strengthening an earlier claim, that among mineral bodies (dubbed “newberries”), imaged by the MER Opportunity in deposits of Late Noachian age (~3.8 to 3.6 Ga) exposed at the rim of Endeavour Crater (Matijevic Formation) objects occur that resemble fossils of Terran unicellular and colonial microalgae. The previously claimed algal affinities of these fossil objects is now supported by examples of “newberries” showing the presence of internal structures highly similar to daughter colonie characteristic for Terran volvocalean algae and cell-like objects enclosing objects reminiscent of chloroplasts characteristic for modern and fossil unicellular green and yellow green algae. A fluffy layer of stagnant water body is postulated as sedimentary environment promoting early post mortem silicification (Fe3+ smectite) of the microalgae-like biota.
Crystal Structure of Gadolinium Formate, Gd(OOCH)3

The crystal structure of gadolinium formate has been studied by means of Laue, rotation, and powder x‐ray patterns. It has a rhombohedral lattice. The unit cell, a0=6.17A, a=115° 30′, contains one molecule, Gd(OOCH)3. Density—(calculated) 3.85, (Berman balance) 3.77. By taking into consideration the symmetry of special positions all space groups except D37—R32 and C3v5—R3m can be excluded. A structure has been found in the latter group which yields excellent agreement of calculated and observed intensities.
The Technology-Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge differences between pre-service and in-service teachers and the related effects of gender interaction in China

The purpose of this study is to analyze the TPACK differences between pre-service and in-service teachers in China, and determine demographic influence variables on the differences between them. The participants of this study were 567 teachers, including 335 pre-service teachers and 232 in-service teachers from Ningxia, China. The results are as follows: First, The in-service teachers in the seven areas of TPACK scored higher than those of pre-service teachers; Second, The comparison of the average difference between teacher division and gender shows that the two factors have an interactive effect on TK. This study is meaningful because it compared the TPACK differences between pre-service and in-service teachers, and found out the effect of gender interaction on the differences in China; It provides practical suggestions for improving the TPACK ability of Chinese teachers. Finally, the discussion was conducted based on the results, and a follow-up study was suggested.
Determinants Non-Performing Financing (NPF) in Indonesia Islamic Banks

The aims of this research to identify the determinants of Non-Performing Financing (NPF) using the variables of Gross Domestic Product (PDB), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Minimum Capital Requirement (KPMM), and Operating Expenses on Operations Revenue (BOPO) in Indonesia Islamic Commercial Banks. The research sample used 12 (twelve) Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia 20142019 period with purposive sampling technique. Panel data regression analysis was used as an analysis technique, with estimation model selected the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results of this research showed that variables of PDB, FDR, KPMM, and BOPO have a significant influence toward NPF simultaneously in Indonesia Islamic Commercial Banks. The results of partial showed that the variable of FDR and KPMM have influence toward NPF are significant and negative. Then, the results of PDB and BOPO partially have influence toward NPF are significant and positive in Indonesia Islamic Commercial Banks.
MUSIC: Multi-Site Critical Sections over Geo-Distributed State

A crucial requirement for many multi-site production services operating at global scale is the need for exclusive access to latest state. Here, a novel approach to address these requirements through the abstraction of a critical section over geo-distributed state is proposed. This abstraction is realized in a key-value store called MUSIC, which provides critical sections with novel semantics suitable for geo-distributed state referred to as entry consistency under failures (ECF). The semantics of ECF in MUSIC, its formal verification, and its implementation are presented, along with details of how MUSIC has been used to realize various fundamental geo-distributed structuring paradigms. MUSIC has been deployed in production geo-distributed services at AT&T as part of the Open Network Automation Platform (ONAP). Our evaluation of MUSIC shows that, despite providing additional properties, MUSIC has higher throughput (~1.4-17.17 times) than Zookeeper for larger critical section sizes and outperforms (~2-4 times) similar structures in which state updates use Paxos or CockroachDB transactions.
Pedro comió la torta vs. Pedro se comió la torta: L2 Acquisition of Spanish Telic se constructions

This paper reports the findings of an experimental research into the acquisition of the Spanish clitic se in transitive constructions as a telic marker . The study examined how the aspectual properties of the Spanish clitic se were acquired by adult English L2 learners of Spanish to determine what aspects of the acquisition are constrained by the learners native language (NL) specific properties. It also looked into how the typology of the target language might play a significant role in the L2 acquisition process. Based on a parameterized distinction of the telic features in English and Spanish, we examine whether second language (L2) learners are able to reset the aspectual value of the English parameter to that of Spanish in their interlanguage grammar. Results indicate that L2 learners responses to a picture interpretation task vary according to proficiency levels. Low-intermediate and intermediate learners did not differentiate between telic and atelic constructions whereas advanced learners successfully acquired the telic properties of the transitive se constructions. Results were interpreted in the light of current theories of second language acquisition and the mental representation of aspect in the interlanguage.
SELF-EFFICACY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON JOB SATISFACTION AMONG SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION PROGRAM TEACHERS Efikasi Kendiri dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dalam Kalangan Guru Pendidikan Pencegahan Dadah

Drug prevention and education program had been implemented in schools through special Substance Abuse Prevention Program (PPDa). The purpose of this study was to identify self-efficacy, job satisfaction and their relationships among PPDa teachers. This study also measured the differences in self-efficacy and job satisfaction based on gender and experiences in handling PPDa program. The researcher used snowball sampling technique to recruit 150 PPDa teachers in Malaysia. The translation version of 'General Self-efficacy Scale' and Job Descriptive Index (JDI) were used to achieve the research objectives. The findings showed that PPDa teachers are at the moderate level of self-efficacy and low level of job satisfaction. There was no significant difference in self-efficacy based on gender and experience in handling PPDa program. There was also no significant difference in job satisfaction based on experience in handling PPDa program. However, there was a significant difference in job satisfaction based on gender. The findings also revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and the level of job satisfaction (rs=.277, p=0.01). The findings revealed that further enhancement could improve teachers‟ self-efficacy and job satisfaction to combat substance abuse in school level.
Intellectual capital and its impact on business performance: An empirical study of Portuguese hospitality and tourism sectors

Purpose: The propose of this study is to determine the influence of Intellectual Capital (IC) and its components’ impact on Portuguese tourism organizations’ business performance through Return on the assets (ROA). This work evaluates and compared the intellectual capital in its four dimensions: (i) capital employed; (ii) human capital; (iii) structural capital and (iv) relational capital. Design/methodology: To approach the aim of the study the method Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAICTM) was applied and the practical data were collected from the Simplified Business Information (IES) through SABI (Iberian Balance Sheet Analysis System) database. The economic and financial information was collected from balance sheets and financial reports of 46.951 Portuguese companies in the hospitality and tourism sector during 2016. Multiple regression analysis was employed to identify the effect of IC components’ that significantly contribute to the company performance. Findings: The paper reveals that VAICTM, human capital efficiency coefficient (HCE), capital employed efficiency coefficient (CEE) and ROA are positively related among Portuguese’s hospitality and tourism sector. However, the structural capital efficiency coefficient (SCE) presents a negative association with profitability and the results of the relationship between the variable relational efficiency coefficient (RCE) and ROA do not present statistical significance. Practical implications: The application of the VAICTM model presented in this paper provides a basis for practical application for management. Originality/value: The paper represents a pioneering attempt to understand the relationship of intellectual capital and firm’s profitability on Portuguese hospitality and tourism sector’s, to provide solid recommendations for the importance of intellectual capital in the sustainable growth of organizations in this sector.
Chocolate milk: A post exercise drink among moderately physical activity students: A pilot study

This study examined the effect of chocolate milk as post exercise drink on moderate trained athlete. Thirty students were selected from Dr. MGR Educational and research institute, Chennai. The selected students were divided randomly in to two groups. The randomly selected participants are actively in physical activity and sports for minimum two years. The age of the participant was ranged from 17 to 22years. The selected variables of Physical indicator and behavior indicator were assessed by using stress indicator questionnaire. The selected variables physical indicator and behavior indicator were asses by stress questionnaire designed by the counseling team international. The participants were instructed to fill questionnaire in the beginning and at the end of the training. The obtained data were statistically analyzed with ANCOVA was used to find out the significant difference. In all the cases the criterion for statistical significance was fixed at 0.05 level of confidence (P<0.05). Result showed that there is significant difference between two groups. Chocolate milk group (CMG) showed better improvement compared to without chocolate milk group.
CMAR_A_275621 12029..12039

*These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Laparoscopy has been increasingly used for the surgery of gastric cancer. However, the postoperative complications are still under-investigated and the short-term results of laparoscopic gastrectomy remain controversial. This study aimed to explore the differences of postoperative complications between laparoscopic and open radical gastrectomies in patients with gastric cancer through the large sample size, retrospective cohort study, and evaluate the safety of laparoscopy in patients who underwent radical gastrectomy. Patients and Methods: A total of 2,966 patients with gastric cancer (TNM I~III) who underwent laparoscopy or open gastrectomy from February 2009 to March 2016 were enrolled in this study. Complications were categorized according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. The incidence and severity of complications between laparoscopic and open gastrectomy were compared using one-to-three propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors related to postoperative complications. Results: A total of 2,966 patients were included in the study, including 687 (23.2%) in the LG (Laparoscopy gastrectomies) group and 2,279 (76.8%) in the OG (open gastrectomies) group. After PSM, a well-balanced cohort of 2,373 patients (676 cases in the LG group and 1,697 cases in the OG group) was further analyzed. The results showed that the incidence of overall complications in the LG group was significantly less than the OG group (15.4% vs 20.8%, P=0.003). However, the severe complications of the LG group showed no difference towards the OG group (5.8% vs 5.8%, P=0.952). Multivariate analysis revealed that laparoscopic surgery is a protective factor for the reduction of postoperative complications. Age ≥60 years, ASA classification IIIc and estimated blood loss ≥200 mL were confirmed as independent risk factors of overall complications. Conclusion: Compared with traditional open gastrectomy, LG is safe and feasible with less trauma and fewer complications for patients with gastric cancer.
Nitrogen transformations and emission of greenhouse gases from three acid soils of humid tropics amended with N sources and moisture regime. I. Nitrogen transformations

Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the nitrogen (N) transformation processes of three Malaysian acid soils (pHH2O ranged from 3.74–4.44) belonging to Aeric Tropic Fluvaquent and Xanthic Hapludox. The soils, amended with inorganic and organic N sources, were incubated at 25°C separately under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The N mineralization followed zero order kinetics during 15 days of the incubation with a large accumulation of NH4 +-N under both moisture levels. Addition of sugar beet leaves, having a lower C/N ratio, influenced N mineralization in terms of NH4 + accumulation to a greater extent. Wheat straw, having a wider C/N ratio, limited N mineralization i.e. might induce immobilization of N. Under aerobic conditions, nitrification was either small with NH4 + fertilizer or caused some NO3 − reduction with organic residues and the increased mineralized N with NH4 +-fertilizer indicated a priming effect might occur. Under anaerobic conditions, disappearance of NO3 − followed first order kinetics. The disappearance was very rapid supplied with both NO3 −-fertilizer and sugar beet leaves. The acidity did not limit intense NO3 − reduction rather showed a predominant accumulation of NH4 +-N under anaerobic conditions. Accumulation of NO2 − was low because of the small nitrification or slow NO3 − reduction rate under aerobic conditions. The NO3 − fertilizer and sugar beet leaves increased NO2 − accumulation to several-folds under anaerobic conditions followed by its consumption. The N transformations varied with N sources and moisture regime.
Dessorção e calor isostérico em polpa de manga

A polpa da manga (Mangifera indica L.) foi submetida ao processo de dessorcao, sob condicoes de temperatura a 20, 40 e 60 oC e umidade relativa do ar variando de 29,3 a 82,3%, ate atingir a umidade de equilibrio. Posteriormente, cinco modelos matematicos de sorcao (BET, GAB, Halsey, Oswin e Smith) foram ajustados aos dados experimentais com a finalidade de se obter os parâmetros desses modelos e escolher aquele que melhor representasse as isotermas, para o calculo do calor isosterico de sorcao. A escolha do melhor ajuste deu-se em funcao do coeficiente de determinacao (R2) e do desvio medio relativo (P). De acordo com os resultados o modelo de GAB foi o que melhor se ajustou as isotermas de dessorcao e os demais modelos tambem se ajustaram satisfatoriamente aos dados experimentais, podendo ser empregados para o calculo da umidade de equilibrio higroscopico da polpa de manga e, ainda, o calor de sorcao variou positivamente de 104,50 a 355,36 kJ kg-1.
Continuous dependence of recurrent solutions for stochastic differential equations

Existence, uniqueness and asymptotic stability of recurrent solutions have been investigated extensively for semi-linear stochastic differential equations. In this article, we show that the unique recurrent solution depends continuously on the coefficients of the equation in the compact-open topology or uniform topology, which depends on how the coefficients vary with respect to the parameter. For more information see https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/Volumes/2020/113/abstr.html
Pressure evolution of two polymorphs of Tb 2(MoO 4)3

We have studied the high pressure behavior of the α and β′-phases of Tb 2(MoO 4)3 using a combination of powder X-ray diffraction and ab initio calculations. The α-Tb 2(MoO 4)3 phase did not undergo any structural phase transition in the pressure range from 0 up to the maximum experimental pressure of 21 GPa. We observed line broadening of the diffraction patterns at pressures above 7 GPa, which may be due to non-hydrostatic conditions. The complete amorphization of the sample was not reached in the pressure range studied, as expected from previous Raman studies. The behavior under pressure of the β′-Tb 2(MoO 4)3 phase is similar to that of other rare-earths trimolybdates with the same structure at room temperature. A phase transition was observed at 2 GPa. The new phase, which can be identified as the δ-phase, has never been completely characterized by diffraction studies. A tentative indexation has been performed and good refined cell parameters were obtained. We detect indications of amorphization of the δ-Tb 2(MoO 4)3 phase at 5 GPa.