Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shifts in microbial community, pathogenicity‐related genes and antibiotic resistance genes during dairy manure piled up

The uncomposted faeces of dairy cow are usually stacked on cow breeding farms, dried under natural conditions and then used as cow bedding material or they may be continuously piled up. However, no information is available to evaluate variations in the human and animal pathogen genes and antibiotic resistance during the accumulation of fresh faeces of dairy cow to manure. Here, we present the metagenomic analysis of fresh faeces and manure from a dairy farm in Ning Xia, showing a unique enrichment of human and animal pathogen genes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in manure. We found that manure accumulation could significantly increase the diversity and abundance of the pathogenic constituents. Furthermore, pathogens from manure could spread to the plant environment and enphytotic pathogens could affect the yield and quality of crops during the use of manure as a fertilizer. Levels of virulence genes and ARGs increased with the enrichment of microbes and pathogens when faeces accumulated to manure. Accumulated manure was also the transfer station of ARGs to enrich the ARGs in the environment, indicating the ubiquitous presence of environmental antibiotic resistance genes. Our results demonstrate that manure accumulation and usage without effective manure management is an unreasonable approach that could enrich pathogenic microorganisms and ARGs in the environment. The manure metagenome structure allows us to appreciate the overall influence and interaction of animal waste on water, soil and other areas impacted by faecal accumulation and the factors that influence pathogen occurrence in products from dairy cows.
Neuropathology of Congenital Heart Disease in an Inpatient Autopsy Cohort 2000–2017

Background As a result of medical and surgical advancements in the management of congenital heart disease (CHD), survival rates have improved substantially, which has allowed the focus of CHD management to shift toward neurodevelopmental outcomes. Previous studies of the neuropathology occurring in CHD focused on cases preceding 1995 and reported high rates of white matter injury and intracranial hemorrhage, but do not reflect improvements in management of CHD in the past 2 decades. The purpose of this study is therefore to characterize the neuropathological lesions identified in subjects dying from CHD in a more‐recent cohort from 2 institutions. Methods and Results We searched the autopsy archives at 2 major children's hospitals for patients with cyanotic congenital cardiac malformations who underwent autopsy. We identified 50 cases ranging in age from 20 gestational weeks to 46 years. Acquired neuropathological lesions were identified in 60% (30 of 50) of subjects upon postmortem examination. The most common lesions were intracranial hemorrhage, most commonly subarachnoid (12 of 50; 24%) or germinal matrix (10 of 50; 20%), hippocampal injuries (10 of 50; 20%), and diffuse white matter gliosis (8 of 50; 16%). Periventricular leukomalacia was rare (3 of 50). Twenty‐six subjects underwent repair or palliation of their lesions. Of the 50 subjects, 60% (30 of 50) had isolated CHD, whereas 24% (12 of 50) were diagnosed with chromosomal abnormalities (trisomy 13, 18, chromosomal deletions, and duplications) and 16% (8/50) had multiple congenital anomalies. Conclusions In the modern era of pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery, intracranial hemorrhage and microscopic gray matter hypoxic‐ischemic lesions are the dominant neuropathological lesions identified in patients coming to autopsy. Rates of more severe focal lesions, particularly periventricular leukomalacia, have decreased compared with historical controls.
Correlation Between Expression of CD134, a Human Herpesvirus 6 Cellular Receptor, on CD4+ T cells and Th2-type Immune Responses in Drug-induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome/Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms

Journal Compilation © 2020 Acta Dermato-Venereologica. doi: 10.2340/00015555-3465 Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS) is a type of severe adverse drug reaction associated with multi-organ involvement and the reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) (1, 2). Previously, we reported that CD134 (OX40), an HHV-6 cellular receptor (3), was preferentially upregulated on CD4+ T cells in patients with DIHS during the acute stage of the condition, compared with its expression level in other drug eruptions, such as maculopapular exanthema (MPE) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) (4). We suggested that the upregulation of CD134 might be necessary for CD4+ T cells to become permissive to HHV-6 entry, and that CD134-expressing CD4+ T cells might facilitate the spread of HHV-6 in DIHS (4). In this study, we found that OX40L, the ligand of CD134, is also preferentially expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with DIHS. Moreover, the percentage of CD134-expressing CD4+ T cells was correlated with laboratory parameters associated with Th2-type immune responses, such as the serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) level and the eosinophil count. Since OX40–OX40L ligation is known to promote Th2 differentiation (5), CD134 might function not only as an HHV-6 receptor (3), but also as a driver of Th2-type immune responses in DIHS.
Use of synthetic oligonucleotides for determination of HTLV‐1 proviral load by real‐time PCR: a helpful alternative approach in the clinical management

To evaluate the potential use of synthetic oligonucleotides as a standard curve for proviral load (PVL) of human T‐cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) quantification in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HTLV‐1‐infected individuals by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis.
Hip Joint Function in People with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome

HIP JOINT FUNCTION IN PEOPLE WITH FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME Philip Malloy, MS PT Marquette University, 2017 Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a clinical hip disorder that represents symptomatic contact between the proximal femur and rim of the acetabulum during normal hip range of motion. FAIS has been described as a precursor to hip joint osteoarthritis (OA), and results in physical impairments and functional limitations in young individuals and active adults. Despite tremendous growth in arthroscopic hip surgery for FAIS, little is known about how this disorder affects dynamic hip joint function. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate hip joint function, during clinical and functional activities, both before and after arthroscopic hip surgery for FAIS. The first aim compared hip joint function in people with FAIS to that of healthy matched controls. The results show that hip flexion muscle strength is reduced in people with FAIS, although, this loss of hip strength is not associated with gait kinetics or patient reported outcomes. These findings indicate that despite hip strength being impaired, people with FAIS can meet the functional demands of gait. However, during double and single leg squat tasks, significant alterations in hip joint biomechanics were found, and became greater as the control demand of the squat task were progressed. These findings indicate that FAIS alters hip biomechanics, however, tasks that require greater joint demand such as single leg squat are needed to bring about these alterations in joint function. The second aim examined hip joint function before and after hip arthroscopic surgery for FAIS. Arthroscopic hip surgery for FAIS did improve joint range of motion and muscle strength. Additionally, sagittal plane hip joint kinetics and hip joint kinematic control during gait changed after arthroscopic hip surgery, although, hip joint biomechanics remain different than healthy controls. The aims of this dissertation demonstrate that clinical hip function is altered in people with FAIS and arthroscopic hip surgery improves this function. Tasks that involve end ranges of hip motion and single leg control are required to bring about alterations in hip joint biomechanics in people with FAIS. Gait biomechanics after arthroscopic hip surgery for FAIS change, however, may require an extended period to normalize after surgery.
Cumulative early childhood adversity and later antisocial behavior: The mediating role of passive avoidance

Abstract Twenty-six percent of children experience a traumatic event by the age of 4. Negative events during childhood have deleterious correlates later in life, including antisocial behavior. However, the mechanisms that play into this relation are unclear. We explored deficits in neurocognitive functioning, specifically problems in passive avoidance, a construct with elements of inhibitory control and learning as a potential acquired mediator for the pathway between cumulative early childhood adversity from birth to age 7 and later antisocial behavior through age 18, using prospective longitudinal data from 585 participants. Path analyses showed that cumulative early childhood adversity predicted impaired passive avoidance during adolescence and increased antisocial behavior during late adolescence. Furthermore, poor neurocognition, namely, passive avoidance, predicted later antisocial behavior and significantly mediated the relation between cumulative early childhood adversity and later antisocial behavior. This research has implications for understanding the development of later antisocial behavior and points to a potential target for neurocognitive intervention within the pathway from cumulative early childhood adversity to later antisocial behavior.
Interleukin-35 inhibits human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury induced by sera from pre-eclampsia patients by up-regulating S100A8 protein expression

ABSTRACT Objectives The protective effects of interleukin(IL)-35 against injury to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by the serum of pre-eclampsia patients were analyzed. Methods This cross-sectional study included 24 patients with pre-eclampsia (PE) and 24 normotensive pregnant women. Results Compared to normotensive pregnant women, patients with pre-eclampsia had lower IL-35 levels (P < 0.05). In addition, our in vitro experiments, IL-35 inhibited the PE serum-induced apoptosis of HUVECs and the levels of reactive oxygen species in HUVECs. Conclusion Decreases in the serum IL-35 level may play an important role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in patients with pre-eclampsia.
A Nonpeptidyl Molecule Modulates Apoptosis-like Cell Death by Inhibiting P.falciparum Metacapase-2.

Metacaspases are novel cysteine proteases found in apicomplexan whose function is poorly understood. Our earlier studies on Plasmodium falciparum metacaspase-2 (PfMCA-2) revealed that the caspase inhibitor, Z-FA-FMK efficiently inhibited PfMCA-2 activity and, expression, and significantly blocked in vitro progression of the parasite developmental cycle via apoptosis-like parasite death. Building on these findings, we synthesized a set of novel inhibitors based on structural modification of Z-FA-FMK with the amides of piperic acid and investigated their effect on PfMCA-2. One of these analogues, SS-5, specifically inhibited the activity and expression of PfMCA-2. The activities of some other known malarial proteases (falcipains, plasmepsins, & vivapain), and human cathepsins-B, D and L, and caspase-3 and -7 were not inhibited by SS-5. SS-5 blocked the development of P. falciparumin vitro (IC50 1µM) and caused prominent morphological distortions. Incubation with SS-5 led to persistent parasite oxidative stress accompanied by depolarization of mitochondrial potential and accumulation of intracellular Ca2+. SS-5 also inhibited the development of P. berghei in a murine model. Our results suggest that the inhibition of PfMCA-2 results in oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis-like parasite death. Thus, SS-5 offers a starting point for optimization of new antimalarials, and PfMCA-2 could be a novel target for antimalarial drug discovery.
Management of early-stage gastro-esophageal cancers: expert perspectives from the Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group (AGITG) with invited international faculty

ABSTRACT Introduction: A multimodal approach in operable early-stage oesophago-gastric (OG) cancer has evolved in the last decade, leading to improvement in overall outcomes. Areas covered: A review of the published literature and conference abstracts was undertaken on the topic of optimal adjunctive chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in early-stage OG cancers. This review article focuses on the current evidence pertaining to neoadjuvant and perioperative strategies in curable OG cancers including the evolving landscape of immunotherapy and targeted drugs in this setting. Expert commentary: Adjunctive therapies in the form of preoperative chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) or chemotherapy and perioperative chemotherapy over surgery alone improve outcomes in patients with operable OG cancer. Although there are variations in practice around the world, a multi-disciplinary approach to patient care is of paramount importance. Immunotherapy and on treatment functional imaging are two examples of emerging strategies to improve the outcome for early-stage patients. A better understanding of the molecular biology of this disease may help overcome the problem of tumor heterogeneity and enable more rationally designed and targeted therapeutic interventions in the future.
Spectrum of Posttransplant Lymphoproliferations in NSG Mice and Their Association With EBV Infection After Engraftment of Pediatric Solid Tumors

Pediatric patients receiving solid organ transplants may develop lymphoproliferative diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and posttransplant lymphoproliferative diseases (PTLDs). We characterized lesions in 11 clinically ill NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl /SzJ (NSG) mice that received pediatric-patient-derived solid tumors (PDXs) and developed immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferations comparable to GvHD and PTLDs over a period of 46 to 283 days after implantation. Lymphoproliferations were diffusely positive for human-specific biomarkers, including NUMA1, CD45, and CD43, but lacked immunoreactivity for murine CD45. Human immune cells were CD3-positive, with subsets having immunoreactivity for CD4 and CD8 as well as PAX5, CD79a, and IRF4, resulting from populations of human T and B cells present within the xenotransplants. Tissues and organs infiltrated included mucocutaneous zones (oral cavity and perigenital and perianal regions), haired skin, tongue, esophagus, forestomach, thyroid, salivary glands, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and brain. In 4 of 5 mice with PTLD, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) were detected by in situ hybridization in PAX5+ human B cells associated with the PDX (n = 1/4) or with engrafted human immune cells at other anatomic locations (n = 4/11). One of the 4 mice had an EBV-associated human large B-cell lymphoma. NSG mice receiving xenotransplants can develop combinations of GvHD, EBV-driven PTLD, and B-cell lymphoma similar to those occurring in human pediatric patients. Therefore, pediatric xenotransplants should undergo histopathologic and immunohistochemical assessment upon collection to ensure that the specimen is not a lymphoma and does not contain lymphoma cells because these neoplasms can morphologically mimic small round blue cell pediatric solid tumors.
Effect of Dietary Nori (Dried Laver) on Blood Pressure in Young Japanese Children: An Intervention Study

Background Few studies have examined the association between seaweed intake and blood pressure in children. We conducted an intervention study to investigate whether seaweed intake affects blood pressure. Methods Subjects were children aged 4 to 5 years attending a preschool in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, in 2010. Among 99 students, 89 (89.9%) were enrolled in our study. Nori (dried laver), an edible seaweed widely consumed in Japan, was used as a dietary intervention. Children in the intervention group were asked to consume 1.76 grams per day of roasted nori in addition to standard meals for 10 weeks. Children in the control group consumed their usual diet. Before the intervention and at the 10th week of the intervention, children’s blood pressure was measured three times successively using an automated sphygmomanometer with subjects in a sitting position. Changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were compared between 55 children in the intervention group and 26 in the control group after adjustment for SBP and DBP before the intervention. Results Changes in SBP were −8.29 mm Hg in the intervention group and +0.50 mm Hg in the control group (P for difference in change = 0.051). Changes in DBP were −6.77 mm Hg in the intervention group and −0.05 mm Hg in the control group (P = 0.031). In girls, no difference in blood pressure changes was found between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion Nori intake lowered DBP level in boys. Seaweed intake might have preventive effects on elevated blood pressure in childhood.
Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019

Key Points Question What factors are associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers in China who are treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 1257 health care workers in 34 hospitals equipped with fever clinics or wards for patients with COVID-19 in multiple regions of China, a considerable proportion of health care workers reported experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, especially women, nurses, those in Wuhan, and front-line health care workers directly engaged in diagnosing, treating, or providing nursing care to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Meaning These findings suggest that, among Chinese health care workers exposed to COVID-19, women, nurses, those in Wuhan, and front-line health care workers have a high risk of developing unfavorable mental health outcomes and may need psychological support or interventions.
Synthesis and cationic dye biosorption properties of a novel low-cost adsorbent: coconut waste modified with acrylic and polyacrylic acids

Abstract Coconut waste (CW), a novel, low cost adsorbent, has been utilized for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. CW was chemically modified with acrylic (AcA) and polyacrylic acids (PAcA) using different modification methods, such as esterification with AcA, chemically grafting of PAcA, and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) coating with PAcA. CW-based adsorbents were used in the experiments to study MB adsorption probability, and their activities were compared. The adsorption behavior of MB onto the adsorbents was investigated with respect to parameters such as sorbent dosage (0.5–4 g/L), pH (2–10), initial dye concentration (50–250 mg/L), and temperature (22–65 °C). The time taken of AcA modified CW (CW-AcA), PAcA-grafted CW (CW-PAcAgrafted), and PAcA-coated CW (CW-PAcAcoated) for the removal of 94.6%, 97.7%, and 91.0% of MB from 50 mg/L of dye solution is 180 min. Characterization of CW-based adsorbents was achieved using SEM, XRD, BET, XPS, and FT-IR analysis. The adsorption fitted the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics were consistent with a pseudosecond-order kinetics model. The results obtained from the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax ) for AcA-, PAcAcoated-, and PAcAgrafted-CWs were 138.88, 136.98, and 98.03 mg/g at adsorbent dose of 0.1 g/50 mL for initial dye concentration of 200 mg/L, 22 ± 1 °C, and pH 10:10:8. Graphical Abstract
Realized distribution patterns of crowned lemurs (Eulemur coronatus) within a human‐dominated forest fragment in northern Madagascar

Due to the impact of anthropogenic activities on forest extent and integrity across Madagascar, it is increasingly necessary to assess how endangered lemur populations inhabiting human‐dominated forest fragments can effectively sustain themselves ecologically. Our research addresses this concern by exploring how the distribution patterns of a small population of crowned lemurs (Eulemur coronatus), occupying a degraded forest fragment at Oronjia Forest New Protected Area in northern Madagascar, are impacted by the availability of key ecological and anthropogenic factors. We hypothesize that the distribution of E. coronatus within the fragment is limited by the availability of critical ecological resources and conditions and the intensity of anthropogenic features and activities. To examine this, we used MaxEnt to develop a species distribution model using presence‐only occurrence records and 10 independent background covariates detailing the site's ecological and anthropogenic aspects. The results indicate that the realized distribution patterns of E. coronatus within human‐dominated forest fragments are strongly associated with sections of forest that contain sparsely and sporadically distributed resources, such as freshwater and continuous hardwood vegetation. We conclude that the distribution of E. coronatus at Oronjia is shaped by their need to maximize foraging opportunities in a degraded forest landscape where they are subject to both environmental and anthropogenic stressors.
HSI2/VAL1 and HSL1/VAL2 function redundantly to repress DOG1 expression in Arabidopsis seeds and seedlings

Summary DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) is a primary regulator of seed dormancy. Accumulation of DOG1 in seeds leads to deep dormancy and delayed germination in Arabidopsis. B3 domain‐containing transcriptional repressors HSI2/VAL1 and HSL1/VAL2 silence seed dormancy and enable the subsequent germination and seedling growth. However, the roles of HSI2 and HSL1 in regulation of DOG1 expression and seed dormancy remain elusive. Seed dormancy was analysed by measurement of maximum germination percentage of freshly harvested Arabidopsis seeds. In vivo protein–protein interaction analysis, ChIP‐qPCR and EMSA were performed and suggested that HSI2 and HSL1 can form dimers to directly regulate DOG1. HSI2 and HSL1 dimers interact with RY elements at DOG1 promoter. Both B3 and PHD‐like domains are required for enrichment of HSI2 and HSL1 at the DOG1 promoter. HSI2 and HSL1 recruit components of polycomb‐group proteins, including CURLY LEAF (CLF) and LIKE HETERCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1), for consequent deposition of H3K27me3 marks, leading to repression of DOG1 expression. Our findings suggest that HSI2‐ and HSL1‐dependent histone methylation plays critical roles in regulation of seed dormancy during seed germination and early seedling growth.