Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of sports involvement in Spain

Abstract In a context of a rise in physical inactivity, this paper aims to provide new insights about the relationship between different forms of sport engagements and their correlates, analysing, for the first time, both active and passive sport involvement for a large sample of individuals. Applying the cluster technique, we identify four different segments of sports involvement among the Spanish population: non-sporty, exclusively practitioner, balanced practitioner, and basically spectator. Also, we develop a multinomial logit model to analyse the main sociodemographic, physical, and sports features that could increase the individual sport involvement, from the non-sporty segment, which assembles the highest number of individuals, to the other clusters. Most of the variables under analysis show a different impact on sport involvement: some of them stimulate active participation (e.g. being member of private sport clubs), whereas others mainly encourage sport attendance (e.g. readers and listeners of sport news, children in the household), and other variables boost sport engagement in general (e.g. being male, educational level, health status, e-sports). The results may have significant implications in terms of developing a general perspective about sport engagement, including both active and passive participation. Particularly, our findings suggest that active and passive sport engagement do not seem to be negatively associated and they can coexist at different levels.
Experimental translocations of the threatened New Zealand plants Carex inopinata Cook (Cyperaceae) and Simplicia laxa Kirk (Poaceae)

Carex inopinata Cook (Cyperaceae) and Simplicia laxa Kirk (Poaceae) are two threatened ‘grassy’ plants that generally occur in dry grassland and rock outcrop habitats. However, the restriction of these species to such areas may indicate relict habitats. We tested this idea by translocating both species to Ōrokonui Ecosanctuary, near Dunedin. Carex inopinata was translocated to two sites (moderatelyand highly-shaded) in 2010 and Simplicia laxa was translocated in 2011, but only to one site due to insufficient propagated material. At each site, plants were established in different microhabitats underneath a kānuka (Kunzea robusta) canopy, where ground cover was sparse and hence provided minimal competition for the translocated plants. We measured plant growth, flowering, and survival twice-yearly from 2010 to 2013, and again from 2015 to 2017. Also, we described the vegetation and recorded microclimate data at each site. Carex inopinata growth, flowering, and survival were highest under moderate shade, either in open (bare-ground) or beside-rock microhabitats. Highest growth levels alternated between these two microhabitats, particularly during a drought when plants in the open suffered some mortality or damage, while plants near rocks remained sheltered. Narrower ranges of relative humidity and temperature in rock versus open microhabitats attest to probable protection from drought. Despite 42% of originally planted C. inopinata individuals surviving, there was no seedling recruitment, therefore, the long-term persistence of this translocated population remains uncertain. Simplicia laxa did not successfully establish, although growth was also highest in open microhabitat. We cannot confirm whether habitat for S. laxa at Ōrokonui is absent but drought-related mortality influenced its failure to establish. Further monitoring of the C. inopinata plants will confirm whether this threatened sedge can persist under the conditions present at the translocation site.
THE NATURE OF MORTGAGE REPAYMENT PLANS IN GHANA

Mortgage finance is one source of capital that cannot be ruled out when it comes to housing finance. It has globally aided many countries in terms of housing finance. A country’s housing finance system can work effectively if there is/are mortgage repayment plan(s) that would ensure flexibility in repayment of mortgage loans and encourage supply and demand for mortgage products. The study sought to find out the types and nature of mortgage repayment plans in Ghana. All the financial institutions which were into mortgage banking constituted the sample. The result shows that fixed rate method is the commonest method used in Ghana and other repayment plans have evolved from the fixed rate repayment plan. Exchange rate fluctuations, high interest rates and high house prices result in higher initial monthly mortgage repayment using the fixed rate repayment plan. It is recommended that mortgage lending institutions should reduce their interest rate for low middle income earners in Ghana to qualify for mortgage.
Patterns of Influence Exerted by the Side Walls of a Vibratory Sieve on the Motion of a Loose Mixture Flow

The influence of the side walls of a vibratory sieve on the motion of a loose mixture flow has been investigated. The regularities have been established of the flow motion parameters on the walls’ height, the resistance of their surfaces, the length and distance between them. The condition has been defined for the occurrence, degree, character, as well as the region of the side walls’ influence on the mixture motion over the entire area of a sieve. Increasing the height of the walls, the length and resistance of their surfaces increases the surface density and reduces the longitudinal velocity of a mixture near the near-wall region, causing the occurrence of the transverse velocity component and the uneven distribution of the specific load of the sieve. For the wall’s steady parameters, there is a threshold of distance between them, at which the near-wall regions of uneven loading begin to interact with each other, thereby enhancing their influence on the flow. There occur the under-loaded and over-loaded sites in the sieve that differ in the magnitude of deviations and area. The uneven loading area reaches 83 % of the sieve area while the magnitude of deviations in the specific loading is 26 %. A condition of the influence exerted by the side walls on a flow is exceeding the minimum values of the parameters: a wall height, h >4·10 –3 m; the resistance of a wall surface, C z >2 kg/m 2 ·s; a wall length, l >0.5 m. The side walls’ influence leads to the formation of a near-wall region of the sieve’s under-loaded and over-loaded sites, whose deviations and area are the same. The magnitude of the wall’s region of influence increases in proportion to the sieve length and acquires the shape of a rectangular triangle. To reduce the influence of the side walls, it is necessary to reduce the resistance of their surfaces, the sieve length, and to increase its width, to avoid the threshold distance between the walls and a simultaneous growth of their parameters. The patterns in the side walls’ influence underlie the improvement of vibratory-sieve separators and the substantiation of their operation modes
Detectability of the trend in precipitation characteristics over China from 1961 to 2017

The detection and attribution of precipitation changes are fundamental for adaptation and mitigation planning. Based on high‐quality observations, we determined the detectability of the trends of multiple precipitation characteristics across China using a field significance test. Furthermore, the timing at which spatially aggregated changes become significant and do not reflect random internal variability was also estimated. The results show that the significant increases in the annual total precipitation (PRCPTOT) and simple precipitation intensity (SDII) and significant decreases in the wet days (WD) are detectable from 1961 to 2017. Namely, the percentage of stations showing significant trends exceeds that expected by chance. The time of the trend emergence from the mimicked range of internal variability is around 2000 for SDII and WD, while the PRCPTOT trend can only be significantly detected for recent years. The analysis on precipitation of various intensity levels unearths that the significant increases in the amount and frequency of extreme heavy precipitation emerged around 2014, while a significant decreasing trend in light precipitation might be detected as early as 2000. Global warming is expected to affect the detection of precipitation trends because the timing at which global warming signal in trend of precipitation emerges is consistent with the time at which the trends become significant. In general, significant changes in the PRCPTOT, SDII and WD occur more frequently in winter than in summer.
Effect of compaction, delayed sealing and aerobic exposure on maize silage quality and on formation of volatile organic compounds

Physical and management factors, such as compaction and sealing, greatly influence the outcome of forage conservation. This study aimed to determine the effects of compaction, delayed sealing and aerobic exposure after ensiling on maize silage quality and on formation of volatile organic compounds. Whole-crop maize (277 g/kg dry matter [DM]) in 120-L plastic silos was compacted at either high or low density, and sealed immediately or with delay at 2 days or 4 days post-filling (six replicates each). After ensiling for at least 175 days, the silages were exposed to air for 6-day intervals and sampled at 2-day intervals. A delay in sealing caused an increase in yeast counts and a decline of up to 65% in water-soluble carbohydrates before ensiling. Sealing the silos after 4 days caused DM losses of up to 11%. Delayed sealing promoted the formation of ethyl esters at silo opening. A 4-day delay in sealing resulted in the lowest aerobic stability. Aerobic exposure led to considerable changes in silage composition, a loss in feed value and, finally, spoilage. This study indicates that maize silage quality is adversely affected by low compaction, delayed sealing and aerobic exposure.
Effect of Seeding Rate on Dose Response of Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) to Fluthiacet-Methyl

Concern over the development of herbicide-resistant weeds has led to interest in integrated weed management systems that reduce selection pressure by utilizing mechanical and cultural weed control practices in addition to herbicides. Increasing crop seeding rate increases crop competitive ability and thus can enhance herbicide efficacy. However, it is unknown how increasing the seeding rate affects an herbicide's efficacy. The objective of this study was to examine the interaction between increasing seeding rate and herbicide dose to control weeds. To meet this objective, the herbicide fluthiacet-methyl was applied to field-grown lentil, with Indian mustard, a proxy for wild mustard, used as a model weed. The experiment was a factorial design with four lentil seeding rates and seven herbicide rates. Overall the herbicide dose response was altered by changing lentil seeding rate. Increasing lentil seeding rate decreased the weed biomass production when herbicides were not applied. In two of the four site-years, increasing lentil seeding rate lowered the herbicide ED50, the dose required to result in a 50% reduction in weed biomass. Increasing the crop seeding rate altered the dose response to provide greater weed control at lower herbicide rates compared with normal crop seeding rates. Increased seeding rates also resulted in higher and more stable crop seed yields across a wider range of herbicide dosages. These results suggest that dose—response models can be used to evaluate the efficacy of other weed management practices that can interact with herbicide performance. Nomenclature: Fluthiacet-methyl; Indian mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. ; wild mustard, Sinapis arvensis L. , SINA; lentil, Lens culinaris Medik.
Launch of Sustainable Plastic Apparel: Effects of Brand Luxury and Experience on Consumer Behaviour

Since plastic waste is a serious social issue, fashion companies are attempting to develop sustainable apparel made from post-consumer plastic bottles. This social issue is relevant to every company regardless of the level of brand luxury. However, previous literature has not examined the effect of this sustainable product type on consumer behaviour, whereas comprehensive sustainable development is widely discussed in luxury branding research. Consequently, this study investigates how the launch of sustainable plastic apparel affects consumer brand attitude and purchase intention. According to the 440 samples collected via an online survey in Japan, moderated mediation analyses reveal that the launch of sustainable plastic apparel positively affects brand attitude contributing to purchase intention indirectly, while it also contributes to purchase intention directly. In addition, brand luxury and brand experience are found to weaken the effect of this sustainable product launch, whereas the influence of sustainable product experience is insignificant. To launch this type of sustainable apparel effectively, luxury companies are advised to redesign their current marketing to promote sustainable products more effectively and adjust their branding tactics to align with sustainability. Otherwise, their brand luxury may lead to a disadvantage, since plastic recycling is increasingly becoming a social requirement.
Forest Fire Regime in a Mediterranean Ecosystem: Unraveling the Mutual Interrelations between Rainfall Seasonality, Soil Moisture, Drought Persistence, and Biomass Dynamics

Frequent and severe droughts typically intensify wildfires provided that there is enough fuel in situ. The extent to which climate change may influence the fire regime and long time-scale hydrological processes may soften the effect of inter-annual climate change and, more specifically, whether soil-water retention capacity can alleviate the harsh conditions resulting from droughts and affect fire regimes, are still largely unexplored matters. The research presented in this paper is a development of a previous investigation and shows in what way, and to what extent, rainfall frequency, dry season length, and hydraulic response of different soil types drive forest fires toward different regimes while taking into consideration the typical seasonality of the Mediterranean climate. The soil-water holding capacity, which facilitates biomass growth in between fire events and hence favors fuel production, may worsen the fire regime as long dry summers become more frequent, such that the ecosystem’s resilience to climate shifts may eventually be undermined.
First Records of Aphaniosoma Becker (Diptera: Chyromyidae) from Algeria

Five species of Aphaniosoma Becker, 1903 are recorded for the first time from Algeria: Aphaniosoma annulatum Lyneborg, 1973, A. approximatum Becker, 1903, A. fissum Collin, 1949, A. nigricauda Ebejer, 1998 and Aphaniosoma sp. All were collected in the northern Sahara of Algeria in the oases of Oued M'Zab and in the region of Ghardaïa. The limited information on distribution, biology and ecology of each species is presented and discussed.
The signalling effects of nonconforming dress style in personnel selection contexts: do applicants’ qualifications matter?

ABSTRACT For job applicants to achieve their goal of making a favourable impression on recruiters, they need to be responsive to the social norms that a personnel selection setting prescribes. One clear social norm in selection contexts is professional dress. Here we explore the consequences that follow from failing to conform to this normative dress code. Specifically, in two studies, we test three contrasting theoretical accounts concerning the effects of nonconformity in dress style on hirability perceptions. We found evidence that the exact impact of dress style depends on the applicant’s qualifications. Whereas low-qualified applicants were punished for dressing in a nonconforming way, high-qualified applicants were granted leeway when violating norms of attire. In Study 2 we replicated and explored three possible mediators of this effect – perceptions of warmth, competence, and power – and found some (very weak) evidence that the observed interaction effect was mediated by perceptions of power. Consistent with the notion of idiosyncrasy credits, our results indicate that highly qualified applicants enjoy greater leeway to flout social norms without facing negative consequences.
Linnaeus's folly – phylogeny, evolution and classification ofSedum(Crassulaceae) and Crassulaceae subfamily Sempervivoideae

Sedum, containing approximately 470 species, is by far the largest genus of Crassulaceae. Three decades of molecular phylogenetic work have provided evidence for the non-monophyly of Sedum and many more of the 30 genera of Crassulaceae subfam. Sempervivoideae. In this study, we present a broadly sampled and dated molecular phylogeny of Sempervivoideae including 80% of all infrageneric taxa described in Sedum as well as most other genera of the subfamily. We used sequences of one nuclear (ITS) and three plastid markers (matK, rps16, trnL-trnF). The five major lineages of Sempervivoideae (i.e., Telephium clade, Petrosedum clade, Sempervivum/Jovibarba, Aeonium clade, Leucosedum plus Acre clades) were resolved as successive sister to each other in the phylogenetic analysis of the plastid markers, while in the ITS phylogeny the Petrosedum clade is the closest relative of the Aeonium clade. Our dating analysis of ITS suggests that Sempervivoideae diversified rapidly throughout the Paleocene and Eocene, possibly in the area of the former Tethys and Paratethys archipelago. A biogeographic pattern emerges inwhichmigration out of this ancestral area is linked to pronounced morphological evolution resulting in several distinct lineages recognized as segregate genera thought to be derived from Sedum. These segregate genera, however, have been defined on the basis of strongly homoplasious characters such as degree of petal fusion, petal colouration or flower merism.Moreover, all character states currently used for the delimitation of segregate genera seem to be homoplasious, and each of them can be found in at least one species of Sedum. Extensive literature work led to the conclusion that only few of the monophyletic clades found by us can be defined unambiguously by morphological characters. Mainly for these two reasons, we believe that combination of all 14 genera currently recognized in tribe Sedeae (= clades Leucosedum plus Acre) into Sedum might be the most stable solution of the “Sedum problem”. This new Sedum s.l. would then comprise approximately 755 species.
Skilful interannual climate prediction from two large initialised model ensembles

Climate prediction skill on the interannual timescale, which sits between that of seasonal and decadal, is investigated using large ensembles from the Met Office and CESM initialised coupled prediction systems. A key goal is to determine what can be skillfully predicted about the coming year when combining these two ensembles together. Annual surface temperature predictions show good skill at both global and regional scales, but skill diminishes when the trend associated with global warming is removed. Skill for the extended boreal summer (months 7–11) and winter (months 12–16) seasons are examined, focusing on circulation and rainfall predictions. Skill in predicting rainfall in tropical monsoon regions is found to be significant for the majority of regions examined. Skill increases for all regions when active ENSO seasons are forecast. There is some regional skill for predicting extratropical circulation, but predictive signals appear to be spuriously weak.
Modelling mangrove propagule dispersal trajectories using high‐resolution estimates of ocean surface winds and currents

Mangrove forests are systems that provide ecosystem services and rely on floating propagules of which the dispersal trajectories are determined by ocean currents and winds. Quantitating connectivity of mangrove patches is an important conservation concern. Current estimates of connectivity, however, fail to integrate the link between ocean currents at different spatial scales and dispersal trajectories. Here, we use high‐resolution estimates of ocean currents and surface winds from meteorological and oceanographic analyses, in conjunction with experimental data on propagule traits (e.g., density, size, and shape) and dispersal vector properties (e.g., strength and direction of water and wind currents). We incorporate these data in a dispersal model to illustrate the potential effect of wind on dispersal trajectories of hydrochorous propagules from different mangrove species. We focus on the Western Indian Ocean, including the Mozambique Channel, which has received much attention because of its reported oceanic complexity, to illustrate the effect of oceanic features such as eddy currents and tides. In spite of the complex pattern of ocean surface currents and winds, some propagules are able to cross the Mozambique Channel. Eddy currents and tides may delay arrival at a suitable site. Experimentally demonstrated differences in wind sensitivity among propagule types were shown to affect the probability of departure and the shape of dispersal trajectories. The model could be used to reconstruct current fluxes of mangrove propagules that may help explain past and current distributions of mangrove forests and assess the potential for natural expansion of these forests.
Modeling the Slump-Type Landslide Tsunamis Part I: Developing a Three-Dimensional Bingham-Type Landslide Model

This paper incorperates Bingham and bi-viscosity rheology models with the Navier–Stokes solver to simulate the dynamics and kinematics processes of slumps for tsunami generation. The rheology models are integrated into a computational fluid dynamics code, Splash3D, to solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with volume of fluid surface tracking algorithm. The change between un-yield and yield phases of the slide material is controlled by the yield stress and yield strain rate in Bingham and bi-viscosity models, respectively. The integrated model is carefully validated by the theoretical results and laboratory data with good agreements. This validated model is then used to simulate the benchmark problem of the failure of the gypsum tailings dam in East Texas in 1966. The accuracy of predicted flood distances simulated by both models is about 73% of the observation data. To improve the prediction, a fixed large viscosity is introduced to describe the un-yield behavior of tailings material. The yield strain rate is obtained by comparing the simulated inundation boundary to the field data. This modified bi-viscosity model improves not only the accuracy of the spreading distance to about 97% but also the accuracy of the spreading width. The un-yield region in the modified bi-viscosity model is sturdier than that described in the Bingham model. However, once the tailing material yields, the material returns to the Bingham property. This model can be used to simulate landslide tsunamis.
Wind farm blockage effects: comparison of different engineering models

The work presents four engineering methods to estimate the induction zone in front of a wind turbine and account for the wind farm blockage effect. The methods comprise the vortex cylinder model, vortex dipole model, self-similar model, and wake projection model. The majority of the models presented account for yaw misalignments and ground effect. Actuator disk simulations are used to verify the individual models. The performance of each model is evaluated both in terms of precision and computational time. The induction models are coupled to wake models within the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State framework to provide the full velocity field within a wind farm. Sample wind farm computations are presented, and the impact of including induction effects into wind farm performance predictions is reported. The different codes are publicly available online.