Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENSO in the CMIP5 Simulations: Life Cycles, Diversity, and Responses to Climate Change

AbstractFocusing on ENSO seasonal phase locking, diversity in peak location, and propagation direction, as well as the El Nino–La Nina asymmetry in amplitude, duration, and transition, a set of empirical probabilistic diagnostics (EPD) is introduced to investigate how the ENSO behaviors reflected in SST may change in a warming climate.EPD is first applied to estimate the natural variation of ENSO behaviors. In the observations El Ninos and La Ninas mainly propagate westward and peak in boreal winter. El Ninos occur more at the eastern Pacific whereas La Ninas prefer the central Pacific. In a preindustrial control simulation of the GFDL CM2.1 model, the El Nino–La Nina asymmetry is substantial. La Nina characteristics generally agree with observations but El Nino’s do not, typically propagating eastward and showing no obvious seasonal phase locking. So an alternative approach is using a stochastically forced simulation of a nonlinear data-driven model, which exhibits reasonably realistic ENSO behaviors and.
Optimizing Total Service Time for Incoming Parallel Requests Using a Hybrid Deep Q-Learning Algorithm in Mobile Edge Computing

Cellular networks’ development drives traffic growth, enhances device capabilities, and introduces complex applications. This trend demands advanced processing, met by Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). MEC, adding edge computing, addresses limitations and boosts network performance, notably reducing latency for critical applications. In this work, the proposed hybrid Deep Q-Learning (DQL) algorithm which adaptively assigns computing and network resources is used. This algorithm is examined for different hyper parameters by using cumulative reward. We also conducted extensive simulations to observe total service time by using different reward functions. In addition, in case of parallel incoming application requests from the cellular network, the time taken respond to the requests has been examined and presented comparatively.
Life satisfaction and problem-focused coping among future physical culture teachers

Background and Study Aim. Behavior adjustment, as an individual's response to threats, is an effective means of managing stress. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the correlation between life satisfaction and problem-focused coping strategies among future physical culture teachers. Materials and Methods. The study involved students (n=72, aged 18-21 years). The research was conducted during the 2022-2023 academic year in an online format. The following instruments were used: "Life Satisfaction Scale," "Coping Test," and "Coping Strategy Indicator. " Pearson's correlation coefficient was employed to determine the relationships between variables. Results. The results indicate a moderate to low level of life satisfaction among the students. The adaptability of students' behavior was assessed based on the expression level of coping strategies (M±σ): problem-solving (23.5±6.8), seeking social support (26.7±7.5), and avoidance of problems (22.1±6.4). The findings suggest both positive and negative correlations between core coping strategies and life satisfaction among students. Conclusions. The findings of this research can contribute to the existing knowledge on the role of coping strategies in enhancing life satisfaction among physical culture teachers. By identifying effective coping mechanisms, educational institutions and professionals in the field can develop targeted interventions and support systems to promote the well-being and resilience of future teachers.
Exploring the Neural Organoid in High Definition: Physics-Inspired High-Throughout Super-Resolution 3D Image Reconstruction

Organoids serve as a versatile platform for biomedical research, including drug screening, disease progression, cancer, developmental, and mechanobiology studies. However, precise 3D modeling of organoids remains a formidable challenge due to the complexity of tissue architecture, resolution limitations of confocal microscopy, and the time and labor-intensive process of acquiring data to achieve peak results. In this paper, we propose a novel strategy named LayerLink to enhance the 3D structure of Neural Organoids' TUJ1 fluorescently labeled nerve fibers using neighboring layers of stacked 3D image. Inspired by the Beer-Lamber Beer-Lambert law, we link each vertical layer to its neighboring layers through a blending process where the weights of each layer are from a generalized normal distribution, forming the input for a super-resolution diffusion model to reconstruct the entire volume. When data is limited, our reconstructed layers achieve an 11.02% improvement over the conventional deep learning method with a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 22.46. Notably, the reconstructed nerve fibers and fascicles in the vertical sections exhibit remarkable continuity. This precise modeling algorithm shows great promise for high-resolution monitoring of organoids and tissues exhibiting continuous fine structures. Furthermore, it holds the potential for advancing our understanding of cell-to-tissue-to-organ interactions and advancing 3D tissue bioprinting techniques in the future.
Learning Management of Female Students with Dual Roles at State Islamic University

This article aims to reveal learning management for State Islamic University students with dual roles, namely studying and managing the household. This study used a descriptive-quantitative method using a sample of eight female students pursuing undergraduate education at a State Islamic University in West Java through a convenience sampling technique. Data collection techniques are through observation, interviews, and documents. At the same time, the data analysis technique uses a technique popularized by Miles and Huberman, namely data condensation, data display, and concluding. The study results show that it is challenging to discipline female students with multiple roles in time management. However, following the flow, adapting, dividing the time, and trying to do each of these roles well. However, the achievement can not be felt optimally. Therefore, it is sporadic for female students to have multiple roles in determining the management of their study time. As for trying to continue to design good learning time management, it will be able to discipline in moving forward and achieving predetermined goals
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interfaced with a Three-Phase Power System

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have gained significant attention as a clean and efficient energy conversion technology. Their ability to directly convert the chemical energy in fuels, such as hydrogen or hydrocarbons, into electrical energy with high efficiency and low emissions makes them promising candidates for distributed power generation. It consists of a phase infinite bus through an IGBT inverter. The interface between the SOFC and the power system considers key factors such as voltage and frequency regulation, power quality, and grid stability. Various control schemes are evaluated for maintaining the balance between the power generated by the SOFC and the demand from the grid, while also addressing transient responses and load variations. Additionally, the impact of the SOFC system on the overall grid performance is assessed, including the potential for grid support functions such as voltage regulation and frequency response.
Clinicoetiological profile of patients with gastrointestinal bleed presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Kumaon Region of Uttarakhand

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleed is a common cause of medical emergency resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. GI bleeding can be classified as upper (bleeding source proximal to the ligament of Treitz) and lower (bleeding source distal to the ligament of Treitz). Aims and Objectives: The present study was aimed to determine the current clinicoetiological profile of GI bleeding in Kumaon Region of Uttarakhand. Materials and Methods: All patients presented with GI bleed (GIB) to outpatient department and Emergency department or developed the GIB during hospitalization are managed in intensive care unit (preferably) and high-dependency unit. Results: Both upper and lower GI endoscopy were twice normal in 2.7% of patients (obscure bleeding). On upper GI endoscopy findings showing esophageal varices (45.83%), gastroesophageal varices (8.33%), isolated gastric varices (8.33%), gastric ulcer (8.33%), duodenal ulcer (6.25%), Mallory-Weiss tear (6.25%), erosive gastritis (6.25%), gastric antral vascular ectasia (4.16%), gastric carcinoma (4.16%), and Dieulafoy’s lesion (2.08%). Upper GIB (UGIB) had more mortality than lower GIB, among UGIB variceal bleed having higher mortality than non-variceal bleeding. Conclusion: Unlike the evidence from the west that peptic ulcer is the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, we found varices as the common cause, followed by peptic ulcer and erosive gastritis. Hence, the variable spectrum of the etiology of the GIB seen in our country could represent either a true epidemiological difference or reflect skewed access to health care.
articlePhylogeographic history of grey wolves in Europe

Background: While it is generally accepted that patterns of intra-specific genetic differentiation are substantially affected by glacial history, population genetic processes occurring during Pleistocene glaciations are still poorly understood. In this study, we address the question of the genetic consequences of Pleistocene glaciations for European grey wolves. Combining our data with data from published studies, we analysed phylogenetic relationships and geographic distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes for 947 contemporary European wolves. We also compared the contemporary wolf sequences with published sequences of 24 ancient European wolves. Results: We found that haplotypes representing two haplogroups, 1 and 2, overlap geographically, but substantially differ in frequency between populations from south-western and eastern Europe. A comparison between haplotypes from Europe and other continents showed that both haplogroups are spread throughout Eurasia, while only haplogroup 1 occurs in contemporary North American wolves. All ancient wolf samples from western Europe that dated from between 44,000 and 1,200 years B.P. belonged to haplogroup 2, suggesting the long-term predominance of this haplogroup in this region. Moreover, a comparison of current and past frequencies and distributions of the two haplogroups in Europe suggested that haplogroup 2 became outnumbered by haplogroup 1 during the last several
Analyzing Generalization of Neural Networks through Loss Path Kernels

Deep neural networks have been increasingly used in real-world applications, making it critical to ensure their ability to adapt to new, unseen data. In this paper, we study the generalization capability of neural networks trained with (stochastic) gradient flow. We establish a new connection between the loss dynamics of gradient flow and general kernel machines by proposing a new kernel, called loss path kernel. This kernel measures the similarity between two data points by evaluating the agreement between loss gradients along the path determined by the gradient flow. Based on this connection, we derive a new generalization upper bound that applies to general neural network architectures. This new bound is tight and strongly correlated with the true generalization error. We apply our results to guide the design of neural architecture search (NAS) and demonstrate favorable performance compared with state-of-the-art NAS algorithms through numerical experiments.
Diagenetic dolomite, calcite, rhodochrosite, magnesite, and lansfordite from Site 799, Japan Sea; implications for depositional environments and the diagenesis of organic-rich sediments

Abundant and various diagenetic carbonates were recovered from a 1084-m-thick, Quaternary to lower Miocene section at ODP Site 799 in the Japan Sea. Petrographic, XRD, SEM, EDS-chemical, and isotopic analyses revealed wide variations in occurrence and textural relations and complex mineralogy and chemistry. Diagenetic carbonates include calcite, calcium-rich rhodochrosite, ironand manganese-rich magnesite, ironand manganese-rich dolomite and ankerite, and ironand manganeserich lansfordite (hydrous Mg-carbonate). Rhodochrosite commonly occurs as small, solid nodules and semi-indurated, thin layers in bioturbated, mottled sediments of Units I and II (late Miocene to Quaternary). Lansfordite occurs as unindurated nodules and layers in Unit II (late Miocene and Pliocene), whereas magnesite forms indurated beds a few centimeters thick in slightly bioturbated-to-faintly laminated sediments of Unit III (middle and late Miocene). Some rhodochrosite nodules have dark-colored, pyritic cores, and some pyrite-rhodochrosite nodules are overgrown by and included within magnesite beds. Dolomite and ankerite tend to form thick beds (>IO cm) in bedded to laminated sediments of Units III, IV, and V (early to late Miocene). Calcite occurs sporadically throughout the Site 799 sediments. The δ 1 8 θ values of carbonates and the interstitial waters, and the measured geothermal gradient indicate that almost all of the Site 799 carbonates are not in isotopic equilibrium with the ambient waters, but were precipitated in the past when the sediments were at shallower depths. Depths of precipitation obtained from the δ 1 8 θ of carbonates span from 310 to 510 mbsf for magnesite and from 60 to 580 mbsf for dolomite-ankerite. Rhodochrosite and calcite are estimated to have formed within sediments at depths shallower than 80 mbsf. Diagenetic history in the Site 799 sediments have been determined primarily by the environment of deposition; in particular, by the oxidation-reduction state of the bottom waters and the alkalinity level of the interstitial waters. Under the well-oxygenated bottom-water conditions in the late Miocene and Pliocene, manganese initially accumulated on the seafloor as hydrogenous oxides and subsequently was mobilized and reprecipitated as rhodochrosite within the shallow sulfate-reduction, sub-oxic zone. Precipitation of lansfordite occurred in the near-surface sediments with abundant organic carbon and an extremely high alkalinity during the latest Miocene and Pliocene. The lansfordite was transformed to magnesite upon burial in the depth interval 310 to 510 mbsf. Dolomite first precipitated at shallow depths in Mn-poor, anoxic, moderately biocalcareous sediments of early to late Miocene. With increasing temperature and depth, the dolomite recrystallized and reequilibrated with ambient waters at depths below about 400 mbsf.
INTREST A Study on Reconstruction of Condominium in the Metropolitan Area using Real Estate Data

In Japan, there is concern about the impact of the growing stock of older condominiums on the buildings themselves and the surrounding environment, and immediate action is needed. While in other countries, repair, elimination, and retirement of aged condominiums are the mainstream methods, in Japan, reconstruction is sometimes used. This study proposes a new decision criterion using discriminant analysis to address the problem of the difficulty and long time required to build consensus for rebuilding older condominiums. Discriminant analysis used building attributes and other variables to differentiate and predict condominium properties that have been successfully reconstructed from those that were not. Simple and clear answers will enable non-expert judgment and aid in consensus building. Multiple discriminant formulas were obtained and compared for Tokyo and neighbouring cities, as well as by subdividing and adding up these subdivisions. At the same time, coefficients of variables were changed or added to increase the reliability of the equations. As a result, a new modified discriminant equation with a high degree of reliability that advances previous studies was obtained. In addition, through the process of creating the formula, we discovered a new option for determining whether or not to rebuild based on whether or not there is an excess floor-area ratio, which is generally considered to be the solution in Japan, by increasing the site area.
Probing stratospheric transport and chemistry with new balloon and aircraft observations of the meridional and vertical N 2 O isotope distribution

A comprehensive set of stratospheric balloon and aircraft samples was analyzed for the position-dependent isotopic composition of nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Results for a total of 220 samples from between 1987 and 2003 are presented, nearly tripling the number of mass-spectrometric N 2 O isotope measurements in the stratosphere published to date. Cryogenic balloon samples were obtained at polar (Kiruna/Sweden, 68° N), mid-latitude (southern France, 44° N) and tropical sites (Hyderabad/India, 18° N). Aircraft samples were collected with a newly-developed whole air sampler on board of the high-altitude aircraft M55 Geophysica during the EUPLEX 2003 campaign. For mixing ratios above 200 nmol mol −1 , relative isotope enrichments (δ values) and mixing ratios display a compact relationship, which is nearly independent of latitude and season and which can be explained equally well by Rayleigh fractionation or mixing. However, for mixing ratios below 200 nmol mol −1 this compact relationship gives way to meridional, seasonal and interannual variations. A comparison to a previously published mid-latitude balloon profile even shows large zonal variations, justifying the use of three-dimensional (3-D) models for further data interpretation. In general, the magnitude of the apparent fractionation constants (i.e., apparent isotope effects) increases continuously with altitude and decreases from the equator to the North Pole. Only the latter observation can be understood qualitatively by the interplay between the time-scales of N 2 O photochemistry and transport in a Rayleigh fractionation framework. Deviations from Rayleigh fractionation behavior also occur where polar vortex air mixes with nearly N 2 O-free upper stratospheric/mesospheric air (e.g., during the boreal winters of 2003 and possibly 1992). Aircraft observations in the polar vortex at mixing ratios below 200 nmol mol −1 deviate from isotope variations expected for both Rayleigh fractionation and two-end-member mixing, but could be explained by continuous weak mixing between intravortex and extravortex air (Plumb et al., 2000). However, it appears that none of the simple approaches described here can capture all features of the stratospheric N 2 O isotope distribution, again justifying the use of 3-D models. Finally, correlations between 18 O/ 16 O and average 15 N/ 14 N isotope ratios or between the position-dependent 15 N/ 14 N isotope ratios show that photo-oxidation makes a large contribution to the total N 2 O sink in the lower stratosphere (possibly up to 100% for N 2 O mixing ratios above 300 nmol mol −1 ). Towards higher altitudes, the temperature dependence of these isotope correlations becomes visible in the stratospheric observations.
Acclimation and adaptation components of the temperature dependence of plant 2 photosynthesis at the global scale 3

3 Dushan P. Kumarathunge1,2, Belinda E. Medlyn1, John E. Drake3, Mark G. Tjoelker1, 4 Michael J. Aspinwall4, Michael Battaglia5, Francisco J. Cano1, Kelsey R. Carter6, Molly A. 5 Cavaleri6, Lucas A. Cernusak7, Jeffrey Q. Chambers 8, Kristine Y. Crous1, Martin G. De 6 Kauwe9, Dylan N. Dillaway10, Erwin Dreyer11, David S. Ellsworth1, Oula Ghannoum1, 7 Qingmin Han12, Kouki Hikosaka13, Anna M. Jensen14, Jeff W. G. Kelly15, Eric L. Kruger 16, 8 Lina M. Mercado17, Yusuke Onoda18, Peter B. Reich1,19, Alistair Rogers20, Martijn Slot21, 9 Nicholas G Smith22, Lasse Tarvainen23,26, David T. Tissue1, Henrique F. Togashi24, Edgard S. 10 Tribuzy25, Johan Uddling26, Angelica Vårhammar1, Göran Wallin26, Jeffery M. Warren27, 11 Danielle A. Way28,29
Reparo : Publicly Veriﬁable Layer to Repair Blockchains

Although blockchains aim for immutability as their core feature, several instances have exposed the harms with perfect immutability. The permanence of illicit content inserted in Bitcoin poses a challenge to law enforcement agencies like Interpol, and millions of dollars were lost in buggy smart contracts in Ethereum. A line of research then spawned on redactable blockchains with the aim of solving the problem of redacting illicit contents from both permissioned and permissionless blockchains. However, all the existing proposals follow the build-new-chain approach for redactions, and cannot be integrated with existing running blockchains, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. We present Reparo , a generic protocol that acts as a publicly veriﬁable layer on top of any blockchain to perform repairs , ranging from ﬁx-ing buggy contracts to removing illicit contents from the chain. Reparo follows the layer design, that facilitates additional functionalities for blockchains while maintaining the same provable security guarantee; thus, Reparo can be integrated with existing blockchains and start performing repairs in pre-existing data on the chain. Any system user may propose a repair and a deliberation process ensues resulting in a decision that complies with the repair policy of the chain and is publicly veriﬁable. Our Reparo layer can be easily tailored to diﬀerent consensus requirements, does not require heavy cryptographic machinery and can, therefore, be eﬃciently instantiated in any permissioned or permission-less setting. We demonstrate it by giving eﬃcient instantiations of Reparo on top of Ethereum (with PoS and PoW), Bitcoin, and Cardano. More-over, we evaluate Reparo with Ethereum mainnet
id T HE E FFECT OF P H AND S ODIUM S ILICATE D OSAGE ON THE S EPARATION OF M AGNESIUM AND L ITHIUM FROM A RTIFICIAL B RINE W ATER U SING C HEMICAL P RECIPITATION T ECHNIQUES

This study aims to report the findings of an investigation into the separation of lithium and magnesium ions in the artificial brine water. The artificial brine water contains concentrations of magnesium, calcium, and lithium cations that closely resemble the concentrations seen in natural brine water sourced from Gunung Panjang using magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, and lithium chloride p.a. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the impact of pH and the addition of sodium silicate on the separation of magnesium and calcium ions from lithium ions in artificial brine water. The best outcomes were achieved when the pH of the brine water was set at 10, and sodium silicate was added in a stoichiometric ratio of 219%. These parameters led to a lithium content of 90.06%, magnesium removal of 70.32%, and a Mg/Li ratio of 6.29, indicating a substantial presence of magnesium ions precipitated as solids with pyroxene (MgSiO 3 ) phase. This research also succeeded in increasing the lithium content by 94.28% and reducing the Mg/Li ratio to 4.96 after the precipitated solids were subjected to a water-leaching process.
The role of local stakeholder participation in flood defence decisions in the United Kingdom and Germany

An important aspect of integrated flood risk management (FRM) around the world is accepted as being the involvement of a range of stakeholders in flood‐related decision‐making processes. Achieving local stakeholder participation in ways that lead to the expected benefits is burdened by challenges and difficulties. By drawing on examples of practices of local stakeholder participation in FRM in two European countries, the United Kingdom and Germany, this paper aims to understand the extent to which local stakeholders are able to influence FRM. Empirically, the paper focuses on flood defence planning and implementation‐related decisions as they still remain the dominant approach of managing flood risks in those locations. The findings from the two case studies show that involvement of local stakeholders in decisions related to flood defence schemes is limited and likely to lead to conflict and frustration as well as, potentially, a strengthening of inequalities. These lessons have implications for the United Kingdom and Germany as well as for other locations around the world.