Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Worksheets for High School Biology Student-Based On Critical Thinking Skills on the Circulation System Concept

Learning in the 2013 curriculum requires a learning process that refers to the scientific approach. The teacher becomes the centre of learning in the current educational problems, students accepting learning as an abstract does not have the opportunity to develop their thinking skills. The purpose of this study is to develop a valid, practical, and effective Educator Worksheet (LKPD). This study uses the Tessmer design method, which consists of (1) expert review; (2) one-to-one; and (3) small group. Subjects of expert opinion research included two biology education lecturers and one high school biology teacher. Individual test subjects were three students educated. The small group test subjects were six students who were educated. The type of data obtained includes data effectiveness expectations. The results obtained from the effectiveness of expectations based on students' critical thinking skills in working on LKPD have very good categories (including analysis, reference, and exploration) and have good categories (including interpretation and self-regulation). Interpersonal skills (collaborating) and intrapersonal skills (conscientious) students have very good categories with scores of interpersonal skills and intrapersonal skills 86.33%. Abstrak Pembelajaran pada Kurikulum 2013 menuntut adanya proses pembelajaran yang mengacu pada pendekatan saintifik. Guru menjadi pusat pembelajaran pada persoalan pendidikan yang terjadi saat ini, peserta didik menerima pembelajaran secara abstrak tidak memiliki kesempatan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan berpikirnya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengembangkan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode desain Tessmer, yang terdiri dari: 1) expert review; 2) one-to-one; dan 3) small group. Subjek penelitian pendapat pakar meliputi dua orang dosen pendidikan biologi dan satu orang guru biologi SMA. Subjek uji perorangan adalah tiga orang peserta didik. Subjek uji kelompok kecil adalah enam orang peserta didik. Jenis data yang didapatkan meliputi data keefektifan harapan. Hasil didapatkan dari keefektifan harapan berdasarkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik dalam mengerjakan LKPD memiliki kategori sangat baik (meliputi analisis, inferensi, dan eksplanasi) serta memiliki kategori baik (meliputi interpretasi dan pengaturan diri). Keterampilan interpersonal (bekerjasama) dan keterampilan intrapersonal (teliti) peserta didik memiliki kategori sangat baik dengan skor keterampilan interpersonal dan keterampilan intrapersonal 86,33%.
Numerical Fluid Flow Modelling in Multiple Fractured Porous Reservoirs

This paper compares the fluid flow phenomena occurring within a fractured reservoir for three different fracture models using computational fluid dynamics. The effect of the fracture-matrix interface condition is studied on the pressure and velocity distribution. The fracture models were compared based on the variation in pressure and permeability conditions. The model was developed for isotropic and anisotropic permeability conditions. The results suggest that the fracture aperture can have a drastic effect on fluid flow. The porous fracture-matrix interface condition produces more realistic transport of fluids. By increasing the permeability in the isotropic porous matrix, the pressure drop was significantly higher in both the fracture and reservoir region. Under anisotropic conditions in the 3D fractured reservoir, the effect of the higher longitudinal permeability was found to lower the pressure in the fractured reservoir. Depending on the properties of the fractured reservoir, this study can enhance the understanding of fracture-matrix fluid interaction and provide a method for production optimisation.
Nano-sized Ga2-xCuxZr2-xWxO7 for Malachite green decolorization under visible light

aWater Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, El Behouth Street, P.O. Box: 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, emails: rababelsheikh@yahoo.com (R.A. Nasr), omaytarek73@yahoo.com (T.S. Jamil) bInorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Behouth Street P.O. Box: 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, email: hu_abbas2005@yahoo.com (H.A. Abbas) cChemistry Department School of Science, The University of Jordan, Hamdi Mango Centre for Scientific Research, 11942, Amman, Jordan, emails: aya.khalaf89@yahoo.com (A. Khalaf), bozeyaayat@yahoo.com (A. Bozeya)
Experimental investigation into ultra-low cycle fatigue behavior of composite members in spatial grid structures

As earthquakes tend to cause ultra-low cycle fatigue failure of spatial grid structures in composite members and joints, this study sets out to test six groups of specimen comprising steel pipes and bolt sphere joints and analyzes the influence of joints and loading systems on failure modes, hysteretic behavior, skeleton curves, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity, and the formation and development of plastic hinges. Results showed that the instability of the specimen in compressive loading led to the occurrence of denting and the formation of plastic hinges. Cracks originated in dented area, and ultra-low cycle fatigue fractures occurred in a dozen cycles. Plastic hinge was located in the middle area of the pipe, and the energy dissipation capacity was limited owing to the confined plastic hinge length. As the joint bending stiffness increased, so did the length of the plastic hinge, the degree of the dent, and the cumulative damage. Early fractures and a reduction in total energy consumption also occurred. Furthermore, a function related to the cumulative damage and macroscopic deformation that can evaluate the damage of the members in spatial grid structures was also established.
Response of Spikelet Number per Panicle in Rice Cultivars to Three Transplanting Densities

Abstract Spikelet number per panicle (SPP), differentiated spikelet number per panicle (D-SPP), and preflowering aborted spikelet number per panicle (A-SPP) were examined in five rice cultivars at three planting densities (HD; high, MD; medium, LD; low planting density) in the field condition. Rice plants at LD produced a higher panicle number per plant but lower panicle number per unit area, accompanied by higher D-SPP and SPP, on average. A-SPP and the ratio of A-SPP to D-SPP (%A) showedno consistent trends. There was a broader range of D-SPP values at LD than at HD because of larger D-SPP in higher order panicles (panicles with a higher spikelet number). D-SPP was smaller in lower order panicles in all cultivars and years, whereas %A increased. D-SPP and SPP of each panicle were positively correlated with tiller size (tiller height, leaf area, and neck internode diameter). Spikelet production efficiency for D-SPP or for SPP (spikelet number per leaf area) of each tiller was higher in IR65564-44-51 (NPT65) and Akihikari than in the other cultivars, indicating a greater capacity of tillers to produce spikelets or support spikelet growth. In each cultivar except NPT65, spikelet production efficiency for D-SPP increased as panicle order decreased, whereas spikelet production efficiency for SPP remained constant or decreased. This finding indicates that irrespective of planting density, lower order panicles produce more spikelets than they can afford physiologically, but they were regulated downward to a nearly constant value in four cultivars. In NPT65 different from other cultivars, spikelet production efficiency for D-SPP was lower in lower order panicles.
Uso de marcadores moleculares na análise da variabilidade genética em acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C.)

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata) is a tropical fruit native from Central America and north of South America. It has shown an increasing economic and social importance due to its high vitamin C (ascorbic acid) content. Vegetative propagation is the preferable method used to establish acerola plantations. However, propagation by seeds has also been used allowing the identification and selection of genotypes that carry characteristics of agronomic interest. Twenty-four acerola accesses, of the Active Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Estadual de Londrina, were analyzed using molecular markers obtained with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeated (SSRs) primers. A total of 164 and 73 markers were obtained with RAPD and SSR primers, respectively. Polymorfic markers were scored as present or absent and analyzed using the UPGMA cluster analysis. The results presented reveal high levels of polymorphism in the studied collection. Comparative analysis of the phenograms, generated with both RAPD and SSR primers, revealed that while some accesses clustered in different groups other accesses presented the same association. However, there was large RAPD variation among the accesses. The associations observed with molecular markers were, for many accesses, the same of those determined on the basis of morphological characters.
Strategies for Coping with Food Insecurity during Flood Disaster among Farm Families in Benue State, Nigeria

The survey was conducted to identify strategies for coping with food insecurity during flood disaster among farm families in Benue State, Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 145 respondents through the use of a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage and mean score were used for data analysis. Results showed that majority (65.0%) of the respondents were male, middle aged, having large household size with a long period of farming experience. Findings also showed that age ( x =2.30), household size ( x =2.26), marital status ( x =2.15), credit facilities ( x =2.12), storage facilities ( x =2.10), agricultural diversification ( x =2.00), educational status ( x =2.00), household income ( x =2.00), productive resources ( x =1.66), farm size ( x =1.55), sex ( x =1.54) were perceived by the respondents as Original Research Article Mbah et al.; AJAAR, 13(1): 39-46, 2020; Article no.AJAAR. 55796 40 major factors influencing food security status. Strategies for coping with food insecurity during flood disaster as indicated by the respondents were engaging in non-farm activities ( x =2.52), engaging in off-farm activities ( x =2.50), skipping meals ( x = 2.46), engaging in casual labour ( x =2.40), reducing the quantity of consumption per meal/day ( x =2.00), getting food aid from government/ NGOs ( x =2.00), seasonal migration for wage work ( x =2.00), obtaining support from relatives and friends ( x =2.00), etc. The study recommends that stakeholders in disaster management such as the government, extension agencies, research institutions, metrological institutes, disaster management agencies, higher institutions and local farmers should disseminate firsthand information on weather forecast so as to enable the farm families to know the right and best time to plant and harvest crops in order to cope with flood disaster. It also emphasized the need for public awareness campaign to be intensified to educate the farm families on the dangers associated with flood and the need to live in flood prone areas as well as proper management of drainage channels.
Length–weight and length–length relationships of fish species from the Chi River, northeastern Thailand

Summary The relationships of total length (TL), fork length (FL) and standard length (SL) are presented for four fish species and the relationships between TL and wet weight for 23 fish species from the Chi River in northeastern Thailand. All length–length relationships were linear (r2 > 0.95). Slope (b) of the length–weight relationships showed values between 2.5073 and 3.4896.
Role of dietary methionine in poultry production

Synthetic DL-methionine (DLM) supplements poultry diets to enhance production. The bioefficacy of liquid methionine is generally lower than that of powder methionine; however, if the level of total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) is set to the commercial recommendation, the bioefficacy of liquid methionine seems to be equal to that of powder methionine (equimolar basis). Absorption and transportation in the segment of the jejunum differ between liquid and powder methionine because multiple systems are involved. Methionine supplementation in a low-protein diet alleviates the negative effects of heat stress. The supplementation improves the amino acid balance and consequently promotes growth performance by enhancing feed efficiency, increases protein synthesis and decreases fat synthesis. Methionine supplementation also improves the immune response through direct effects (protein synthesis and breakdown) and indirect effects (derivatives of methionine). As various factors influence the methionine requirement, the requirements of commercial strains are higher than those recommended by NRC (1994). Moreover, the methionine requirement expressed as a percentage of diet declines during the starter and grower phases, while the requirement related to lysine is little changed (tends to increase).
Efeito prebiótico do mel sobre o crescimento e viabilidade de Bifidobacterium spp. e Lactobacillus spp. em leite

To be considered prebiotic, a microorganism must fulfill a series of requirements and the maintenance of viability is a major one. Probiotic cultures of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. were cultured in 12% (w/v) reconstituted nonfat dry milk containing 3% (w/v) of pasteurized honey. Controls without honey were prepared. All cultures remained viable for up 46 days at 7 °C conforming to the regulation requirement. The higher cell number of L. casei-01 and L. casei Shirota (>9.0 log10 CFU.mL-1) were maintained in the presence of honey. The titratable acidity produced by these cultures was of 1.44%. On the 46th day of storage, the number of L. acidophilus Sacco® viable cells in the presence of honey was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Considering the overall storage period, honey exerted significant positive effect (p < 0,05) only on Bifidobacterium cultures. The lowest growth and acidity on the 46th day was observed with Bf. Lactis Bb12, being 7,63 log10 CFU.g-1 and 0,61% of acidity in the presence of honey and 6.11 log CFU.mL-1 and 0,30% of acidity in the control. Differently, Bf. lactis Sacco® cultures reached counts of 9,11 log10 CFU.mL-1 and produced 1.11% acidity.
Life-history concepts and the population biology of clonal organisms

Existing life-history concepts deal inadequately with clonal organisms. To make them more generally applicable, several assumptions must be widened: (i) life histories may be expressed at different levels of individual organization. e. g. genets and modules; (ii) parts of a life cycle may be executed more than once by a single genetic individual; (iii) genetic individuals do not necessarily senesce; (iv) size and reproductive value of genetic individuals may increase indefinitely with age; and (v) dormancy, dispersal of progeny, and production of genetically different progeny are not necessarily linked to the same process, as they are in reproduction of unitary organisms. A model is presented of a size-structured population of genets, in which each genet comprises an age-structured metapopulation of modules. The model predicts that the extent to which clonal growth evolves depends on: constraints in genet architecture (high or low within-genet ‘dispersal’); cost of reproduction relative to that of clonal growth; the presence or absence of density-dependent regulation of population size; the presence of lethal events that kill entire genets, as opposed to genet mortality occurring only as a consequence of the mortality of all its modules; the ability of genets to predict such lethal events; and the temporal heterogeneity of the environment. The predicted responses to r- and K -selection differ markedly from those predicted for unitary organisms, especially for genets with high within-genet dispersal. For example, r-selection may favour clonal growth with no reproduction, whereas K -selection favours greater reproduction.
The cosmic dispersion measure in the EAGLE simulations

The dispersion measure (DM) of fast radio bursts (FRBs) provides a unique way to probe ionized baryons in the intergalactic medium (IGM). Cosmological models with different parameters lead to different DM–redshift (DM–z) relations. Additionally, the over/underdense regions in the IGM and the circumgalactic medium of intervening galaxies lead to scatter around the mean DM–z relations. We have used the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) simulations to measure the mean DM–z relation and the scatter around it using over 1 billion lines of sight at redshifts 0 < z < 3. We investigated two techniques to estimate line-of-sight DM: pixel scrambling and box transformations. We find that using box transformations (a technique from the literature) causes strong correlations due to repeated replication of structure. Comparing a linear and a non-linear model, we find that the non-linear model with a dependence on cosmological parameters provides a better fit to the DM–z relation. The differences between these models are the most significant at low redshifts (z < 0.5). The scatter around the DM–z relation is highly asymmetric, especially at low redshift (z < 0.5), and becomes more Gaussiana as redshift approaches z = 3, the limit of this study. The increase in Gaussianity with redshift is indicative of the large-scale structure that is better sampled with longer lines of sight. The DM–z relation measured in EAGLE is available with an easy-to-use python interface in the open-source FRB redshift estimation package fruitbat.
COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: Misconception among Individuals, Impact on Animal and the Role of Mathematical Epidemiologists

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, to be a pandemic. Since the declaration, Nigeria economy has been greatly impacted thus resulting in a recession. This paper considers a couple of misconceptions among Nigerian people in the COVID-19 pandemic era thereby causing the spread of the novel virus and hence making the situation difficult for the government to handle. In particular, we discuss the first and second waves of the pandemic as it affects the Nigerian people. The impact of the pandemic on animals and the role of mathematical epidemiologists in combatting the spread is discussed herein. We give some recommendations that could be adopted by the government and the good people of Nigeria to reduce the further spread of the virus.
Climate and Tsetse Flies: Laboratory Studies upon Glossina submorsitans and tachinoides

Introduction —It is probably true that wild populations of Glossina have been more studied than populations of any other insect. Nearly all this work has been based on fly-counts, and it is beyond dispute that this method has given results of great value. But the fly-count is open to objection, for the number of flies caught is determined partly by the population (which we wish to measure), but also to an unknown extent by the activity of the insects at the time when the count is made. The effect of these two factors cannot at present be distinguished, and it is not likely that any improvement in the technique of the fly-count will enable the distinction to be made. All the conclusions that are based on fly-counts (and they are many and far reaching) are therefore to some extent speculative. It appears therefore that some entirely new way of studying the Glossina population is required. In this paper it is suggested that the effect of climate upon Glossina is capable of study and analysis in the laboratory. Let it be admitted that the conditions are artificial, also that the authors have limited themselves to temperature and humidity, whereas in nature there are many climatic factors which influence the fly. In answer it is claimed that the methods employed justify themselves, and that if they were more widely used our knowledge of these insects would soon rest on a more solid base.
Selfish DNA and breeding system in flowering plants

In many species, some individuals carry one or more B chromosomes: extra, or supernumerary chromosomes not part of the normal complement. In most well–studied cases, Bs lower the fitness of their carrier and persist in populations only because of accumulation mechanisms analogous to meiotic drive. It has been suggested that such genomic parasites are expected to persist only in outcrossed sexual species, in which uninfected lines of descent can be continuously reinfected; in inbred or asexual species, all selection is between lines of descent, and the genomic parasites are either lost or must evolve into commensals or mutualists. Here we present a simple population genetic model of the effect of outcrossing rate on the frequency of B chromosomes, and find that outcrossing facilitates the spread of parasitic Bs, but inhibits the spread of mutualists. Data compiled from the literature on breeding system and B chromosomes of British plants indicate that Bs are much more likely to be reported from obligately outcrossed species than inbred species. These results support the ideas that most B chromosomes are parasitic, and that breeding systems play a central role in the biology of selfish genes.
Evaluation of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Adulteration with Edible Oils using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is categorized as expensive oil due to high-quality nutritional value. Unfortunately, EVOO is easily adulterated with other low-quality edible oils. Therefore, this study was done to differentiate and analyze the adulteration of EVOO with other edible oils using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The study was used several edible oils included canola oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil as an adulterant for EVOO. The adulterant EVOO samples were prepared by mixing with dissimilar concentrations of the solely edible oils (20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % (v/v)). The main functional groups of EVOO and other edible oils are O-H, C-H, C=C and C=O groups were assigned around 3500 cm-1, 2925 cm-1, 3006 cm-1 and 1745 cm-1 wavenumbers, respectively. From the comparison of EVOO and other adulterant edibles oil spectra, it showed that the EVOO has the lowest absorbance intensity at around 3006 cm-1 represented double bond which is closely related to the composition of oil sample. The adulteration of EVOO was evaluated by analysing the changes in the absorbance based on the linear regression analysis graph of the bands at 3006 and 2925 cm-1 and the limit of detection (LOD) was measured. The graph of A3008/A2925 with good relative coefficients (R2) and lower LOD is more favourable than the linear regression graph of A3006 versus percentage of edible oils added in EVOO. This study showed that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is a convenient tool for analysing the adulteration of EVOO.
Why and how to study working memory development

Working memory is the information held in mind, and it is used in all sorts of problem-solving and comprehension. There are many different purposes for studying working memory development in childhood. Here I discuss some of the purposes, and bring up considerations of which kinds of tasks should be best-suited to each purpose. The purposes include investigations of1) the extent to which working memory is already operational in infancy,2) working memory correlates of cognitive maturational level, and intelligence,3) working memory as a clue to the basic principles of cognitive growth in childhood,4) working memory deficits as diagnostic signs of learning disorders,5) working memory indices of the presently optimal level or complexity of learning materials for a particular child,6) possibilities for training working memory as a means to enhance cognitive development,7) working memory and brain function.For each of these purposes, I discuss the prospects for study as I see them, with a few examples of recent work along the way.