Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Autologous Fecal Microbiota Transfer after Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Patients Rational and Feasible? Data from a Feasibility Test

Background: Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is a highly effective therapy for remission induction in pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD), but relapse rates after return to a regular diet are high. Autologous fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) using stool collected during EEN-induced clinical remission might represent a novel approach to maintaining the benefits of EEN. Methods: Pediatric CD patients provided fecal material at home, which was shipped at 4 °C to an FMT laboratory for FMT capsule generation and extensive pathogen safety screening. The microbial community composition of samples taken before and after shipment and after encapsulation was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results: Seven pediatric patients provided fecal material for nine test runs after at least three weeks of nutritional therapy. FMT capsules were successfully generated in 6/8 deliveries, but stool weight and consistency varied widely. Transport and processing of fecal material into FMT capsules did not fundamentally change microbial composition, but microbial richness was <30 genera in 3/9 samples. Stool safety screening was positive for potential pathogens or drug resistance genes in 8/9 test runs. Conclusions: A high pathogen burden, low-diversity microbiota, and practical deficiencies of EEN-conditioned fecal material might render autologous capsule-FMT an unsuitable approach as maintenance therapy for pediatric CD patients.
Molecular Clouds in Nearby Galaxies

We present a review of spatially resolved giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in nearby galaxies, aiming at providing a template of GMC properties, which may be extrapolated to distant galaxies. We focus on the Magellanic system including the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC, SMC), M33, and a few dwarfs as observed in the J = 1–0 12CO transition at 2.6-mm wavelength. The X factor, a conversion factor of the 12CO intensity to total molecular column density, and the GMC mass distribution, dN/dM, are similar among these galaxies, suggesting that GMCs share similar properties in the Local Group. The GMCs are classified into three types according to their level of star-formation activity and the types are interpreted in terms of evolution in 20–30 Myr rather than as three different generic types. A three-dimensional comparison including the velocity axis has revealed that GMCs in the LMC are associated with Hi envelopes. The Hi envelopes are probably gravitationally bound and may be infalling to increase the G.
A Class of Estimators of Population Mean in Case of Post Stratification

This paper proposes a class of ratio-cum-product type estimators in case of post-stratification. Particular members of the proposed class of ratio-cum-product type estimators have been identified and studied thoroughly from efficiency point of view. It has been shown that the identified particular estimators are more efficient than the usual unbiased estimator, Ige and Tripathi estimators , Chouhan estimators, Tailor et al. estimator and other considered estimators. An empirical study has been carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed estimators.
Relationships between Area and Perimeter by Students with the Autism Spectrum Disorder. An Exploratory Study

Background: One of the difficulties that appear systematically in learning the geometric quantities area and perimeter is associated with the intuitive idea of the existence of a relationship of dependence between the two. This difficulty is common to students of different ages and has been analysed in contexts of typical development. Objective: To investigate what happens to students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) when they are presented with activities involving the concept of perimeter and area. Design: A qualitative and exploratory methodology was used, specifically, a case study. A specific geometry test consisting of a semi-structured interview and an ad hoc test was designed and validated. Setting and Participants: The sample consisted of three students, two in fourth grade and one in sixth grade, all of them diagnosed with ASD and with an IQ above 80 points on the WISC-V scale. Data collection and analysis: The written productions and the semi-structured interviews were analysed and triangulated according to the categories of Avila and Garcia (2020). Results: All the children affirm that there is no dependency relationship between area and perimeter when area remains unchanged, but two describe a dependency relationship when perimeter remains constant. The requirement to exemplify their answers has helped them to realise their error. Conclusions: A guided intervention focused on the teacher's request to specify the answers through examples has helped to improve the understanding of these concepts and presents lines of future research associated with the creation of teaching practices for this type of students.
Eine Lösung der beiden Heffterschen Differenzenprobleme

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Use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropaenia

Background Febrile neutropaenia (FN) and resultant infections are the major cause of treatment-related morbidity and mortality in patients receiving chemotherapy. Clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) to reduce the risk of FN and ensuing complications in patients receiving chemotherapy. Despite these recommendations, inappropriate usage of G-CSF has been reported. Aim To assess prescribing patterns and adherence to international guidelines of G-CSF in adult patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropaenia (CIN) at the haematology oncology wards of the Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital (DGMAH) and compliance to guidelines. Methods Medical records of adult patients who received G-CSF were reviewed retrospectively between 01 January 2018 and 31 July 2018. Results Of the 128 patient files screened, 57 cases met the inclusion criteria. Duration of treatment with G-CSF was not in accordance with guidelines in more than 50% of the patients and in 43.86%, G-CSF dosing deviated from recommended guidelines. Conclusion The study demonstrated over-prescribing of G-CSF due to either increased doses or duration of G-CSF therapy. Although prescribed for the correct indication, the dosage was often too high or the duration was too long, even once an acceptable neutrophil nadir count was reached. Interventions to optimise the use of G-CSF are required and the pharmacist may play a role in this regard. Contribution The administration of the correct doses of G-CSF can reduce both the severity and duration of neutropaenia. Over-prescribing and incorrect dosing may contribute to patient morbidity and add to the financial burden of healthcare.
The Nexus between Agriculture, Water, Energy and Environmental Degradation in Central Asia—Empirical Evidence Using Panel Data Models

The primary aspiration of this paper is to learn about the effects of economic growth, energy consumption, agriculture and irrigation water consumption and agriculture productivity on environmental pollution in five countries of Central Asia. The data cover the period from 1992 to 2020 by applying panel data models, namely the Panel FMOLS, Panel DOLS and Panel ARDL-PMG approaches. The results indicate that there is a positive long-term impact of economic growth, water productivity, energy consumption and electricity production on CO2 emissions while agriculture value added and trade openness have a negative and statistically significant influence on CO2 emissions in Central Asia. Country specific short-run coefficients from Panel ARDL reveal that energy consumption is the main driver for rise in the level of CO2 emissions in the countries under the study. Indeed, country level analysis generates unique nexus correlation among agriculture, energy and environmental degradation in each country of Central Asia.
Environmental Controls of Size Distribution of Modern Planktonic Foraminifera in the Tropical Indian Ocean

Paleoceanographic studies often rely on abundance changes in microfossil species, with little consideration for characteristics such as organism size, which may also be related to environmental changes. Using a tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) core‐top data set, we test the Optimum size‐hypothesis (OSH), investigating whether relative abundance or environmental variables are better descriptors of planktonic foraminifera species' optimum conditions. We also investigate the environmental drivers of whole‐assemblage planktonic foraminiferal test size variation in the TIO. We use an automated imaging and sorting system (MiSo) to identify planktonic foraminiferal species, analyze their morphology, and quantify fragmentation rate using machine learning techniques. Machine model accuracy is confirmed by comparison with human classifiers (97% accuracy). Data for 33 environmental parameters were extracted from modern databases and, through exploratory factor analysis and regression models, we explore relationships between planktonic foraminiferal size and oceanographic parameters in the TIO. Results show that the size frequency distribution of most planktonic foraminifera species is unimodal, with some larger species showing multimodal distributions. Assemblage size95/5 (95th percentile size) increases with increasing species diversity, and this is attributed to vertical niche separation induced by thermal stratification. Our test for the OSH reveals that relative abundance is not a good predictor of species' optima and within‐species size95/5 response to environmental parameters is species‐specific, with parameters related to carbonate ion concentration, temperature, and salinity being primary drivers. At the species and assemblage levels, our analyses indicate that carbonate ion concentration and temperature play important roles in determining size trends in TIO planktonic foraminifera.
Node-Aware Dynamic Weighting Methods for Federated Learning on the Blockchain to Improve Performance

In contrast to the traditional centralized learning approach, federated learning (FL) is a decentralized learning strategy. Every device’s local learning progress when the FL interacts with the central server, progressively improving the learning model. Nonetheless, it may cause network congestion because of limited transmission capacity and the participation of a large number of users. The model’s ability to converge quickly, steadily, and with target learning accuracy is one method for reducing the network load. We suggest a scenario for federated learning using blockchain in this study. Every user who participates in learning may be distinguished as a “node” via blockchain, which effectively encourages user participation. Integrity, stability, and other goals can also be pursued. When choosing between the two sorts of weights, the consumer in charge of refreshing the global representation should be consulted. When determining how much each customer matters, we first factor on how well they've learned locally. Second, we take each client’s involvement frequency into consideration when determining the weight. To compare the effectiveness of our suggested system with that of other schemes, we select two critical performance indicators: learning rate and standard deviation. The simulation results demonstrate that, in comparison to existing schemes, our suggested system delivers greater stability and quick convergence time for the desired accuracy.
Warming Overwhelms the Efficacy of Wet Conditions to Moderate Extreme Heat and Atmospheric Aridity Across the Central Plains

While the relationships between dry land surface conditions, heat, and aridity have been well‐established, few studies have addressed whether global warming will affect the ability of wet conditions to moderate high temperatures and atmospheric aridity. Using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models, we demonstrate that absolute changes in the monthly maximum temperature distribution during Central North American summers strongly outweigh the historical cooling effect of high precipitation and soil moisture conditions. Although wet conditions nearly always prevent concurrent extreme temperatures in the baseline period, these conditions are 40%–48% and 96%–98% less effective at 1 and 2° of global warming, respectively. However, high precipitation and soil moisture partially retain the ability to constrain concurrent high vapor pressure deficit conditions below historical thresholds at 1–2° of warming. Our results highlight the growing vulnerability of Central North America to warmer temperatures and drier atmospheric conditions, even during periods of high precipitation and soil moisture.
‘Yebo, it was a great relief’: How mothers experience their children’s autism diagnoses

Background There is an emerging body of knowledge on the lived experiences of parenting a child with autism from a maternal perspective. Mothers’ reactions to their children’s autism diagnoses have been identified as a key factor influencing their children’s long-term outcomes. Objectives This qualitative study aimed to explore how South African mothers experience their children’s autism diagnoses. Method Telephonic interviews were conducted with 12 mothers from KwaZulu-Natal to understand their experiences prior, during and following their children’s autism diagnoses. The data were analysed thematically according to the values of ubuntu, social support, culture, tradition, interpersonal relationships, interconnectedness and continuity and compared to the existing scholarship, employing an Afrocentric theoretical lens. Results The participants held strong cultural and religious beliefs which influenced the entire diagnosis process. Some, who waited a long time, turned to traditional healers or religious leaders. While some reported feeling relieved after the diagnosis, in the sense of at least having a name for their child’s condition, they also reported feeling overwhelmed by the realisation that there is no cure for autism. Over time, mothers’ feelings of guilt and anxiety declined, and they became increasingly resilient and empowered as their understanding of the meaning of their children’s autism diagnosis deepened, but many continued to pray for a miracle. Conclusion Future research should focus on how to enhance support for mothers and their children during each of the three phases of autism diagnosis: prior, during and following their children’s autism diagnoses. Contribution The study highlighted the crucial role of community-based religious and cultural organisations in providing appropriate support to mothers and their children diagnosed with autism, aligned to the values of ubuntu, social support, culture, tradition, interpersonal relationships, interconnectedness and continuity.
A Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-Based Computation Offloading With Mobile Vehicles in Vehicular Edge Computing

Vehicular edge networks involve edge servers that are close to mobile devices to provide extra computation resource to complete the computation tasks of mobile devices with low latency and high reliability. Considerable efforts on computation offloading in vehicular edge networks have been developed to reduce the energy consumption and computation latency, in which roadside units (RSUs) are usually considered as the fixed edge servers (FESs). Nonetheless, the computation offloading with considering mobile vehicles as mobile edge servers (MESs) in vehicular edge networks still needs to be further investigated. To this end, in this article, we propose a Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-based computation offloading with mobile vehicles in vehicular edge computing, namely, Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-based computation offloading scheme (DRL-COMV), in which some vehicles (such as autonomous vehicle) are deployed and considered as the MESs that move in vehicular edge networks and cooperate with FESs to provide extra computation resource for mobile devices, in order to assist in completing the computation tasks of these mobile devices with great Quality of Experience (QoE) (i.e., low latency) for mobile devices. Particularly, the computation offloading model with considering both mobile and FESs is conducted to achieve the computation tasks offloading through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, and a collaborative route planning is considered for these MESs to move in vehicular edge networks with objective of improving efficiency of computation offloading. Then, a Deep-Reinforcement-Learning approach with designing rational reward function is proposed to determine the effective computation offloading strategies for multiple mobile devices and multiple edge servers with objective of maximizing both QoE (i.e., low latency) for mobile devices. Through performance evaluations, our results show that our proposed DRL-COMV scheme can achieve a great convergence and stability. Additionally, our results also demonstrate that our DRL-COMV scheme also can achieve better both QoE and task offloading requests hit ratio for mobile devices in comparison with existing approaches (i.e., DDPG, IMOPSOQ, and GABDOS).
Evaluation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars for productivity, nitrogen requirement and eco-friendly indices under different nitrogen levels

A field experiment was conducted during the winter ( rabi) seasons of 201112 and 201213 at Adisaptagram Block Seed Farm, Hooghly, West Bengal, to optimize the potato ( Solanum tuberosum L ) cultivars and nitrogen lev- . els for growth attributes, tuber yield, nitrogen-use efficiency, sustainability, eco-friendliness and economics in new . alluvial zone of West Bengal. Fifteen treatment combinations, viz 3 potato cultivars (Kufri Himalini, Kufri Shailja and Kufri Jyoti) and 5 N doses (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg N/ha) were laid out in a factorial randomized block de- sign with 4 replications. Kufri Himalini recorded the maximum tuber yield (31.3 t/ha), which was significantly higher than Kufri Shailja (26.6 t/ha) and Kufri Jyoti (24.1 t/ha). Correlation between tuber yield and plant height (R2=0.73), tuber yield and dry matter accumulation (R2=0.84), tuber yield and tuber bulking rate (R2=0.75) and tu- ber yield and total N uptake (R2=0.62) were significant. The correlation study between nitrogen and tuber yield showed high degree of correlation (R2=0.984) and N was derived as 202.6 kg N/ha for optimum economic yield. opt. Agronomic efficiency (AE ) and physiological efficiency (PE ) was more in Kufri Himalini at all N levels. There was N N a positive balance of nitrogen in all the treatments except one treatment (Kufri Jyoti with 300 kg N/ha). Kufri Himalini fertilized with 300 kg N/ha gave the highest net returns ( 1,45,156/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.58) with least difference from 225 kg N/ha, while the negative response was recorded in the control. Kufri Shailja potato was more eco-friendly, as its index was 18.4% higher than Kufri Jyoti. Kufri Shailja required 18.4% less applica- tion of fertilizer N to give the highest yield obtained by Kufri Jyoti (30.94 t/ha). So, for obtaining a given yield, less amount of fertilizer is being put to soil and hence comparatively less amount of N is being lost to the environment.
Electrospun biodegradable scaffolds based on poly (ε-caprolactone)/gelatin containing titanium dioxide for bone tissue engineering application; in vitro study

Abstract In this study, Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/Gelatin/TiO2 nanofibrous scaffolds were prepared using electrospinning. The effects of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) addition on morphology, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and cellular behavior, and antibacterial properties of PCL/gelatin scaffolds were investigated. Different amounts of TiO2 NPs (0.06, 0.6, and 1 w/v %) were incorporated into the polymer blend to form a homogenous nanocomposite solution. The experimental results exhibited that the hydrophilicity of the scaffolds was improved by incorporating TiO2 NPs, as shown by the water contact angle measurement. Also, the mechanical and thermal behaviors of fabricated scaffolds were enhanced. Moreover, Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were used to investigate the bioactivity and biocompatibility of scaffolds. The MTT assay results showed no toxicity effect for scaffolds. However, releasing reactive oxygen at the highest concentration of TiO2 was remarkably increased, resulting in cell toxicity. Hybridizing biopolymer with TiO2 nanoparticles improves its bone regeneration capability. Thereby, incorporating an optimum amount of TiO2 NPs into PCL/Gelatin composites could be a promising approach for bone tissue engineering applications. Graphical Abstract
How Can I Trust You? The Role of Facial Trustworthiness in the Development of Epistemic and Interpersonal Trust

Recently, researchers from developmental and clinical psychology highlighted epistemic trust (ET) as a key factor for personality disorders. ET is intended as the mental openness to information coming from others during social exchanges. ET develops from signals called ostensive cues, delivered through facial expressions during interactions in a secure attachment context. Similarly, interpersonal trust (IT) refers to the perception of others as not harmful, which is also developed through secure attachment relationships. Our purpose was to suggest a conceptualization of ET as a specific facet of IT. We hypothesize that positive experiences of caregiving promote IT development that includes a specific sense of trust toward others’ knowledge. Moreover, we suggest that the early ability to infer a judgment of trustworthiness from facial cues is the starting point for developing both IT and ET. This conceptualization supports the role of considering both IT and ET in the development of borderline pathology.
Kinetic mechanism and sub-ns measurements of the thermal spark in air

This experimental and numerical study is focused on the formation of fully ionized plasmas in ambient air by nanosecond pulsed discharges, namely the thermal spark. The first contribution of this article is the experimental characterization of the electron number density during the pulse. An increase of the electron number density up to 1019 cm−3 was measured with sub-nanosecond resolution via three techniques based on optical emission spectroscopy (OES): Stark broadening of H α , Stark broadening of N+/O+, and the continuum emission of electrons. The discharge diameter is measured with sub-nanosecond resolution using calibrated OES of the N+ and O+ lines. All measurements indicate a transition to a micrometric-size filament of fully ionized plasma in approximately 0.5 ns. The second main contribution of this work is the development of a 0D kinetic mechanism to explain this observation. The mechanism includes 100 reactions, 12 species, and 12 excited electronic states. Particular attention is paid to modeling the N2, N2 +, N, and O electronic state kinetics using the electronic states as additional pseudo-species. Our results show that including the electron-impact ionization of the excited electronic states of N and O, in addition to those of N2, is necessary to explain the experimental results, emphasizing the key role of excited state kinetics in the thermal spark formation.