Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of magnetic frequency and the coupled magnetic-mechanical loading on a ferromagnetic shape memory alloy

In the present work, the microstructure evolution and macro-response of a ferromagnetic shape memory alloy under stimuli of magnetic fields with different frequency and coupled magnetic-mechanical loading are investigated via a real-space phase field simulation. It is found that the coercive field is reduced from 0.724 to 0.423 with the magnetic frequency f decrease from 2.5×10−5 Hz to 0.833×10−5 Hz, wherein the concomitant domain wall motion and magnetization rotation are captured as well. Moreover, simulation results demonstrate that, under the coupled magnetic-mechanical loading, the coercive field of the magnetic hysteresis loop could be reduced by applying a compressive strain perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. The domain evolution is mainly divided into three types during the coupled magnetic-mechanical loading, namely (a) domain wall motion with the magnetization rotation, (b) pure magnetization rotation, and (c) 180° domain coordinated domain switching. To better understand the domain evolution, we propose an index S=m1avg+m2avg , with m1avg and m2avg indicating the absolute value of the averaged magnetization component m1 and m2 over the whole studied system, to characterize the magnetization change during the microstructure evolution.
Developing Theory with Theoretical Concept Reviews

In this article, we intersect the research streams on conducting better literature reviews and on building better theory to present detailed guidelines for developing theory using theoretical concept reviews, literature reviews that present the elements of theory from primary studies. We distinguish three different kinds of theoretical concept reviews: topical for scoping out a theoretical landscape, propositional for arguing a new theoretical model, and confirmatory for testing a theory. We provide specific guidance on how to search for, extract and synthesize the elements of theory using theoretical concept synthesis, as well as other appropriate techniques. We discuss how to develop a theoretical contribution and then present applications of these guidelines for literature reviews of various scales of breadth.
Model for Overcoming Policy Analysis Limitation and Implementation Challenges: Integrative Propositional Analysis of South African National Mental Health Policy Framework and Strategic Plan 2013-2020

ABSTRACT This article examines the use of integrative propositional analysis (IPA) to assess the internal logic structures of policy, to complement policy analysis and evaluation for improved implementation. Integrative propositional analysis is a methodology that studies causal logics of conceptual systems and is used to evaluate a policy’s internal coherence. The study is aimed at evaluating the assessment of the internal logic of the Gauteng Mental Marathon Project (GMMP) implemented in the Gauteng province in South Africa, which served as a strategic plan from the National Mental Health Policy Framework and its implementation outcomes. The qualitative methodology was adopted using a triangulation of secondary data. Data for the study were collected from YouTube video testimonies, textual records of the Life Esidimeni Arbitration, the Health Ombudsman’s report and the arbitration judgement of Judge Motseneke, including other media commentaries. The findings suggest that the GMMP failed for three reasons. Firstly, the low structure of the policy reflects a poor understanding of the situation. Secondly, the low levels of structure also contribute to poor communication between officials, which, thirdly, is a supporting factor in the policy not being followed according to the plan. The IPA provides a useful pathway to improve policy implementation by examining the internal logic structure of a policy; this then allows for effectively improving the quality of policy decisions.
Governance by Hybrid Advisory Committees – A Hallmark of Social Democracy?

This study focuses on ad hoc policy advisory committees that bring together experts and stakeholders to propose public policies on the basis of consensus. These kinds of committees are often considered to be a typical governance mechanism of the social democratic model of regulation and policy-making known from the Nordic countries. We challenge this view by comparing the Norwegian system of committee governance with those of Germany and the European Union and point out the central role of coordination and consensus in all three systems. Relying on existing and original research, and contrary to the assumption of a distinct Nordic regime, we find significant similarities between the three committee governance systems when it comes to organisational features, the kind of expertise produced and the committees' governance functions. Most remarkable is the prevalence of hybrid, tripartite committees that draw together interest groups, civil servants and researchers in all three systems. We show that these kinds of ad hoc advisory committees tend to generate a kind of coordinated, negotiated expertise where notions of validity and objectivity are connected not only to cognitive quality but also to the breadth of viewpoints that are integrated. Moreover, the Nordic committee system of Norway stands out with only few distinctive qualities, and it is not obvious how the notion of ‘social democracy’ helps illuminating these features. To help shed light on the striking resemblances we find across systems, we develop a notion of consensus-oriented political and epistemological systems, which may be a useful complement to the notion of Nordic social democracy.
Perceptual and Physiological Responses to Carbohydrate and Menthol Mouth-Swilling Solutions: A Repeated Measures Cross-Over Preliminary Trial

Carbohydrate and menthol mouth-swilling have been used to enhance exercise performance in the heat. However, these strategies differ in mechanism and subjective experience. Participants (n = 12) sat for 60 min in hot conditions (35 °C; 15 ± 2%) following a 15 min control period, during which the participants undertook three 15 min testing blocks. A randomised swill (carbohydrate; menthol; water) was administered per testing block (one swill every three minutes within each block). Heart rate, tympanic temperature, thermal comfort, thermal sensation and thirst were recorded every three minutes. Data were analysed by ANOVA, with carbohydrate intake controlled for via ANCOVA. Small elevations in heart rate were observed after carbohydrate (ES: 0.22 ± 90% CI: −0.09–0.52) and water swilling (0.26; −0.04–0.54). Menthol showed small improvements in thermal comfort relative to carbohydrate (−0.33; −0.63–0.03) and water (−0.40; from −0.70 to −0.10), and induced moderate reductions in thermal sensation (−0.71; from −1.01 to −0.40 and −0.66; from −0.97 to −0.35, respectively). Menthol reduced thirst by a small to moderate extent. These effects persisted when controlling for dietary carbohydrate intake. Carbohydrate and water may elevate heart rate, whereas menthol elicits small improvements in thermal comfort, moderately improves thermal sensation and may mitigate thirst; these effects persist when dietary carbohydrate intake is controlled for.
The effects of protopine on physiological characteristics of isolated guinea pig atrium

AIM To study the effects of protopine(Pro) on physiological characteristics and action machines in isolated guinea pig atria.METHODS We measured the spontaneous beat, contractility and functional refractory period and observed the effects of Pro on positive staircase phenomenon and post rest potentiation by using isolated guinea pig atria. RESULTS Pro obviously inhibited the spontaneous beat and contractive force, prolonged the functional refractory period (FRP)of isolated guinea pig atria. Pro could abolish the positive chronotropic effect of CaCl 2. Pro markedly depressed the positive stairease phenomenon induced by increasing the frequency of the electrical pulse and decreased the post rest potentiation of myocardial contractility in left atria. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Pro induce inhibitory effects on the spontaneous beat, contractility and prolong the FRP in the atria. The mechanism by which the Pro induce the negative chronotropic and inotropic effects may relate to the inhibition of transmembrane flux of calcium.
Tunable enhancement of spatial lateral shifts in periodic chiral metamaterials

In this paper co-polarization spatial Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts (Δss/λ and Δpp/λ) of periodic chiral metamaterials are investigated. The numerical results show that the enhancement of GH shifts is affected by the incident frequency, the incident angle, the period and the volume fraction of the dispersive chiral layer. For s polarized waves, GH shifts are always enhanced negatively with one Brewster angle, but two Brewster angles arise when the period is large and specific. For p polarized waves there are two Brewster angles in general, at which the GH shifts can be greatly enhanced with negative and positive peaks. More Brewster angles appear when the period is sufficiently large and specific. The transition of negatively and positively enhanced GH shifts is sensitive to large frequencies, and can be tuned by changing the frequency slightly. The transition can also be adjusted by varying the volume fraction of the dispersive chiral layer and the period of the structure.
Bacterial Vaginosis and Risk Factors in Pregnant Women in Senegal

Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery and spontaneous abortion. Yet little data on BV prevalence exist for sub-Saharan countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Senegal.MethodsFrom October 2013 to December 2018, pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited in two primary health centers (one suburban, one rural) in Senegal. Healthcare workers interviewed women and collected a lower vaginal swab and a blood sample. Vaginal flora were classified into four categories using vaginal smear microscopic examination and Gram’s coloration. In our study, BV was defined as vaginal flora with no Lactobacillus spp. Variables associated with BV were analyzed using STATA® through univariate and multivariate analysis.Results A total of 457 women provided a vaginal sample for analysis. Overall, BV prevalence was 18.6% (85/457) [95% CI: 15.4-22.6]) and was similar in suburban and rural areas (18.9 % versus 18.1%, p=0.843). Multivariate analysis showed that primigravidity was the only factor independently associated with a lower risk of BV (aOR=0.35 [95% CI 0.17-0.72]). Conclusions Our study showed significant BV prevalence among pregnant women in Senegal. Although the literature has underscored the potential consequences of BV for obstetric outcomes, data are scarce on BV prevalence in sub-Saharan African countries. Before authorities consider systematic BV screening for pregnant women, a larger study would be useful in documenting prevalence, risk factors and the impact of BV on pregnancy outcomes.
Normalising violence? Girls and sexuality in a South African high school

ABSTRACT Ending gender violence against girls in South African schools is an ongoing challenge. In this paper, we report on findings from focus groups and in-depth interviews that explore girls’ accounts of gender violence in a South African township high school. Our findings illuminate the normalization of violence instigated by boys against girls: such violence is highly sexualized and complex in its manifestations. Girls were sexually harassed, subjected to violence and sexual coercion by their male peers in different spaces at school. Beyond simplistic binary positions through which girls are constructed as merely victims, some girls in the study engaged in the problematic discourse of victim-blaming; girls who frequent school spaces dominated by boys and girls who use drugs, such as dagga, were often stigmatized and blamed for the violence they experienced. Furthermore, evidence of female-on-female violence (fights and humiliation) that occurred in the context of heterosexual competition came to light during the study. This kind of violence reinforced the subordination of girls in the broader hetero-patriarchal system. We conclude the paper by providing some recommendations towards addressing the complex manifestations of school-based violence against girls.
Effective use of information technologies by seniors: the case of wearable device use

ABSTRACT Healthcare is an area that has benefitted from the developments in wearable device technology. Seniors, who usually suffer from multiple comorbidities, are among the target users of these devices, and research has shown potential health benefits for seniors when they use these devices effectively. However, the adoption rate of wearable devices is low, especially among seniors, preventing the full utilisation of their data in healthcare. In this study, we interviewed forty-four seniors across North America and collected data from their wearable devices to develop a theoretical affordance network-based model to explain seniors’ effective use of wearable devices. Our model indicates that despite the apparent simplicity of wearable devices, they have multiple affordances that help seniors achieve several goals, including activity monitoring, activity planning, and activity improvement. Furthermore, we identified factors that enable seniors to actualise the affordances of wearable devices and achieve their goals. The results of this study suggest a strong relationship between seniors’ mental and physical capabilities and their willingness to use and benefit from wearable devices. We join other researchers in their call for a contextual study on consumer technology use.
A closer look into empathy among medical students: The career eulogy as a lens

Empathy and the ability of a physician to express compassion are considered fundamental to good doctoring. Those who would like to promote this skill in future physicians have attempted to measure empathy to both assess the effect of current medical education as well as design better methods to prepare doctors for practice. Different authors have considered empathy as more of an affective domain or alternatively rather as more of a cognitive domain similar to curiosity. The latter use the term sympathy to describe the more affective portions. The formulations we used as we designed our professional identity curriculum were that sympathy is “I feel your pain,” and empathy is “I understand your suffering. ”
An Analysis of Multi Objective Energy Scheduling in PV-BESS System Under Prediction Uncertainty

Energy storage systems (ESSs) are being considered to overcome issues in modern grids, caused by increasing penetration of renewable generation. Nevertheless, integration of ESS should also be supplemented with an optimal energy management framework to ensure maximum benefits from ESS. Conventional energy management of battery, used with PV system, maximises self-consumption but does not mitigate grid congestion or address battery degradation. Model predictive control (MPC) can alleviate congestion, degradation while maximizing self-consumption. As such, studies will be carried out, in this work, to highlight the improvement with MPC based energy management over conventional method using simulations of one-year system behaviour. As MPC uses forecast information in decision making, the impact of forecast uncertainties will be assessed and addressing the same through constraint tightening will be presented. It is concluded that MPC provides improvement in system behaviour over multiple performance criteria.
Revisiting Offsets of Psychotherapy Coverage

Mental illness is a leading cause of disability worldwide with vast costs to society. Yet, insurance coverage for effective treatments remains limited. This paper revisits the Offset Hypothesis, which claims insurance coverage for psychotherapy is self-financing through reductions in the use of other health care services and improved labor market outcomes. I study a 2008 reform of the Danish public health care system that introduced 60 percent coverage of the cost of psychotherapy for depression and anxiety patients below age 38. Using Regression Discontinuity and Difference-in-Difference designs, I show that psychotherapy coverage reduces the use of other mental health services, physical health care and suicide attempts, but does not impact employment, sick leave or disability pension receipt. Still, the reduction in health care costs is sufficiently large to finance the policy. This suggests mental health coverage is both welfare improving and cost reducing.
Growing season evapotranspiration in boreal fens in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region: Variability and environmental controls

Current efforts to assess changes to the wetland hydrology caused by growing anthropogenic pressures in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) require well‐founded spatial and temporal estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ET), which is the dominant component of the water budget in this region. This study assessed growing season (May–September) and peak growing season (July) ET variability at a treed moderate‐rich fen and treed poor fen (in 2013–2018), open poor fen (in 2011–2014), and saline fen (in 2015–2018) using eddy covariance technique and a set of complementary environmental data. Seasonal fluctuations in ET were positively related to net radiation, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit and followed trends typical for the Boreal Plains (BP) and AOSR with highest rates in June–July. However, no strong effect of water table position on ET was found. Strong surface control on ET is evident from lower ET values than potential evapotranspiration (PET); the lowest ET/PET was observed at saline fen, followed by open fen, moderately treed fen, and heavily treed fen, suggesting a strong influence of vegetation on water loss. In most years PET exceeded precipitation (P), and positive relations between P/PET and ET were observed with the highest July ET rates occurring under P/PET ~1. However, during months with P/PET > 1, increased P/PET was associated with decreased July ET. With respect to 30‐year mean values of air temperature and P in the area, both dry and wet, cool and warm growing seasons (GS) were observed. No clear trends between ET values and GS wetness/coldness were found, but all wet GS were characterized by peak growing seasons with high daily ET variability.
Adaptive Fuzzy Fault Tolerant Control of Uncertain MIMO Nonlinear Systems With Output Constraints and Unknown Control Directions

This article studies the adaptive fuzzy fault tolerant control (FTC) problem for a class of uncertain multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with unknown control directions in the presence of time-varying asymmetric output constraints. Our contribution includes a step forward beyond usual FTC results to exhibit that the system output of nonsquare and square MIMO systems is uniformly bounded against actuator faults by a novel FTC methodology without the fault detection unit, as well as stay in the preselected constraints. To obtain new results, an equivalent unconstrained system is established by employing an error transformation technique. Furthermore, a learning-based switching function scheme is proposed to automatically activate different groups of actuators without human intervention for attenuating the influence of faulty actuators. By this means, no explicit fault detection and isolation units are needed to result in reducing the risk of false alarm or missed detections and expediting the responsiveness of the controller. Moreover, the obstacle caused by unknown control directions is circumvented by a novel technique combining the matrix decomposition technique and Nussbaum-type function. It is proved that the desired tracking performance with prescribed output bounds and the boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop system can be guaranteed via an improved average dwell time approach. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the merits of the proposed controller.
Neural Architecture Search for Convolutional Neural Networks with Attention

SUMMARY The recent development of neural architecture search (NAS) has enabled us to automatically discover architectures of neural networks with high performance within a few days. Convolutional neural networks extract fruitful features by repeatedly applying standard operations (convolutions and poolings). However, these operations also extract useless or even disturbing features. Attention mechanisms enable neural networks to discard information of no interest, having achieved the state-of-the-art performance. While a variety of attentions for CNNs have been proposed, current NAS methods have paid a little attention to them. In this study, we propose a novel NAS method that searches attentions as well as operations. We examined several patterns to arrange attentions and operations, and found that attentions work better when they have their own search space and follow operations. We demonstrate the superior performance of our method in experiments on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet datasets. The found architecture achieved lower classiﬁcation error rates and required fewer parameters compared to those found by current NAS methods
Non-covalent intermolecular interactions of colloidal nematic liquid crystals doped with graphene oxide

ABSTRACT Graphene oxide (GO) was doped to eutectic uniaxial nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) (E5CN7) with different percentages to improve the physiochemical properties of NLCs effectively. GO shifts the N-I phase transition temperature to higher values. It has been observed that increasing GO concentration up to 0.75% increases the N-I phase transition temperature substantially while further increase of GO concentration results in an inverse trend. The GO/E5CN7 non-covalent interactions change the N-I phase transition. The contribution of several terms such as anchoring and polarisation effects on N-I phase transition was quantified as well. The results suggest that the size is an important contributor to GO and liquid crystal interaction. The results show that E5CN7@GO composites may act as promising candidates to enhance the efficiency of room temperature devices. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
AraCOVID19-MFH: Arabic COVID-19 Multi-label Fake News and Hate Speech Detection Dataset

Along with the COVID-19 pandemic, an "infodemic" of false and misleading information has emerged and has complicated the COVID-19 response efforts. Social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter have contributed largely to the spread of rumors, conspiracy theories, hate, xenophobia, racism, and prejudice. To combat the spread of fake news, researchers around the world have and are still making considerable efforts to build and share COVID-19 related research articles, models, and datasets. This paper releases "AraCOVID19-MFH" a manually annotated multi-label Arabic COVID-19 fake news and hate speech detection dataset. Our dataset contains 10,828 Arabic tweets annotated with 10 different labels. The labels have been designed to consider some aspects relevant to the fact-checking task, such as the tweet's check worthiness, positivity/negativity, and factuality. To confirm our annotated dataset's practical utility, we used it to train and evaluate several classification models and reported the obtained results. Though the dataset is mainly designed for fake news detection, it can also be used for hate speech detection, opinion/news classification, dialect identification, and many other tasks.