Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variant Children 1 month to 17 years of age. Post-traumatic seizures, not including abusive head

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level MRI head without IV contrast Usually Appropriate O US head May Be Appropriate O MRI head without and with IV contrast May Be Appropriate O CT head without IV contrast May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT head with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT head without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ HMPAO SPECT or SPECT/CT brain Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ FDG-PET/CT brain Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢
User Engagement Metrics and Patterns in Phendo, an Endometriosis Research Mobile App

We characterize short-term and long-term user engagement patterns in a self-tracking, mobile health app. We introduce and deﬁne engagement metrics to capture the quantity, duration, and density of participant engagement according to diﬀerent domains of self-tracking. We focus our study on Phendo, a research app designed for participants to self-track their experiences of endometriosis —a chronic disease in women of reproductive age. Given a cohort of Phendo participants with at least one initial week of use, we analyze their engagement patterns based on amount and timing of daily app usage and stratify them according to their short-term engagement patterns, i.e., within their ﬁrst 12 weeks of app-use. Given the overall cohort and its stratiﬁed short-term participant engagement groups, we then assess overall longitudinal engagement patterns with the app beyond the ﬁrst 12 weeks, as well as with disease-speciﬁc self-tracking domain types. We identify four groups of participants in the Phendo cohort ( n = 4 , 993 ) according to their short-term engagement: Regulars, Usuals, Occasionals, and Seldoms. Participants across the groups do not diﬀer in disease status or demographics, except for age and education. We ﬁnd that, while the stratiﬁcation is based on a short-term period, the groups continue to exhibit distinct longitudinal engagement patterns in the long-term (up to 4 years). We also ﬁnd that Regulars are more likely to engage with self-tracking related to disease self-management than the other groups. These ﬁndings have implications for the design of research mobile apps, as certain functionalities like tracking of self-management, might yield longer and richer engagement with certain types of participants, even if self-management is not part of the original intent of the research app. More broadly, our proposed engagement metrics and analyses provide a roadmap for exploring participant engagement patterns in mobile research apps.
Comparison of accuracy of breeding value for cow from three methods in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) population

Abstract In Korea, Korea Proven Bulls (KPN) program has been well-developed. Breeding and evaluation of cows are also an essential factor to increase earnings and genetic gain. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of cow breeding value by using three methods (pedigree index [PI], pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction [PBLUP], and genomic-BLUP [GBLUP]). The reference population (n = 16,971) was used to estimate breeding values for 481 females as a test population. The accuracy of GBLUP was 0.63, 0.66, 0.62 and 0.63 for carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back-fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS), respectively. As for the PBLUP method, accuracy of prediction was 0.43 for CWT, 0.45 for EMA, 0.43 for MS, and 0.44 for BFT. Accuracy of PI method was the lowest (0.28 to 0.29 for carcass traits). The increase by approximate 20% in accuracy of GBLUP method than other methods could be because genomic information may explain Mendelian sampling error that pedigree information cannot detect. Bias can cause reducing accuracy of estimated breeding value (EBV) for selected animals. Regression coefficient between true breeding value (TBV) and GBLUP EBV, PBLUP EBV, and PI EBV were 0.78, 0.625, and 0.35, respectively for CWT. This showed that genomic EBV (GEBV) is less biased than PBLUP and PI EBV in this study. In addition, number of effective chromosome segments (Me) statistic that indicates the independent loci is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of BLUP. The correlation between Me and the accuracy of GBLUP is related to the genetic relationship between reference and test population. The correlations between Me and accuracy were −0.74 in CWT, −0.75 in EMA, −0.73 in MS, and −0.75 in BF, which were strongly negative. These results proved that the estimation of genetic ability using genomic data is the most effective, and the smaller the Me, the higher the accuracy of EBV.
Cardiac Arrhythmia following Stroke

To put it simply, a center of the efferent parasympathetic innervation of the heart is found in the nucleus of the medulla oblongata, especially in the nucleus dorsalis [1]. The preganglionic fibers leave the central nervous system along with the vagus nerve and are connected to the second neuron in cardiac ganglion cells. Sympath etic fibers, on the other hand, originate from the nucleus intermediolateralis of the upper thoracic cord [2]. They reach the plexus cardiacus by means of the so-called “cardiac nerves” (usually 4 right-sided and 3 left-sided nervi cardiaci), after interposition in the border ganglia, especially in the ganglion stellatum. For the control of cardiac functions, the profound part of the plexus cardiacus is decisive; it extends between the tracheal bifurcation and the aortic arch, divides into a right and left half and in its further course follows the right or left coronary artery. The function of the efferent limb is modified by afferents from various organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract or the carotissinus, by means of multisynaptic reflex arcs (e. g., baroreflex) [1]. In addition, in the blood circulating catecholamine, the release of which in the adrenal system is also subject to the autonomic system, mediates beta-adrenergic effects on the myocardium. It is postulated that dysbalances in the extrinsic system, in particular the pathological disinhibition of sympathetic activity, are relevant to the development of cardiac arrhythmias [1, 3–5]. For example, extensive brain stem damage can lead to suppression of central parasympathetic functions and overcoming of sympathetic tone [6], thus promoting the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias. Conversely, blockade of the ganglion stellatum or renal sympathetic denervation should reduce the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with prolonged-QT syndromes [7]. It is noteworthy in this context that extensive cardiac denervation, which may be present after orthotopic heart transplantation, is associated with a lower risk of supra ventricular rhythm disturbances, especially atrial fibrillation [8]. In these cases, the denervation should have protective effects and protect the myocardium from the autonomic imbalances of the extrinsic system before transmission. It should be noted, however, that organ donors are usually much younger and the vascular damage to the donor organs is often less pronounced, which significantly reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation independent of cardiac denervation [9]. Cardiac Arrhythmia following Stroke
The Impact of Neurofeedback on Effective Connectivity Networks in Chronic Stroke Patients

Stroke is a complex motor disease that not only affects perilesional areas but also global brain networks in both hemispheres. Neurofeedback (NF) is a promising technique to enhance neural plasticity and support functional improvement after stroke by means of brain self-regulation. Most of the studies using NF or brain computer interfaces for stroke rehabilitation have assessed treatment effects focusing on motor outcomes and successful activation of targeted cortical regions. However, given the crucial role of large-scale networks reorganization for stroke recovery, it is now believed that assessment of brain connectivity is central to predict treatment response and to individualize rehabilitation therapies. In this study, we assessed the impact of EEG-fMRI NF training on connectivity strength and direction using a Dynamic Causal Modeling approach. We considered a motor network including both ipsilesional and contralesional premotor, supplementary and primary motor areas. Our results in nine chronic stroke patients indicate that NF upregulation of targeted areas (ipsilesional SMA and M1) not only modulated activation patterns, but also had a more widespread impact on fMRI bilateral motor networks. In particular, inter-hemispheric connectivity between premotor and primary motor regions decreased, and ipsilesional self-inhibitory connections were reduced in strength, indicating an increase in activation during the NF motor task. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that investigates fMRI connectivity changes elicited by training of localized motor targets in stroke. Our results open new perspectives in the understanding of large-scale effects of NF training and the design of more effective NF strategies, based on the pathophysiology underlying stroke-induced deficits.
Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience Integrative Neuroscience

Non-human primate and rodent unit recordings have revealed that neurons respond to trial specifi c and task universal stimuli Given that both areas contain representations of the two types of information necessary to complete such tasks, the question is how do these two areas work together and enable successful performance? Gray (1994) suggested that coherent local fi eld potentials (LFP) could facilitate interactions between different neural areas, and in vivo recordings and neural network models have since supported this idea (Seidenbecher et al. reductions of LFP signals in HPC or mPFC, or ipsilateral cross combinations of the two, signifi cantly impaired working memory performance (Wang and Cai, 2006). Data from human studies and animal models have suggested that important working memory related mPFC-HPC interactions occur via coherent theta range oscillations (3–10 Hz; Jones and Wilson, 2005a,b; Onton et al., 2005). The discovery of hippocampal-theta entrained mPFC cells demonstrated a functional theta band connection between mPFC and HPC (Siapas et al., 2005). mPFC unit hippocampal-theta-phase locking is sensitive to sensory, behavioral and environmental changes, as units alternated between theta-entrained and non-phasic fi ring depending on the behavioral context (Hyman et al.,
The effect of atomoxetine on cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis

Background: Recent research shows that most of the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have cognitive-like disorders. Due to the beneficial effects of atomoxetine on improving cognition in limited animal and human surveys, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the atomoxetine on improving cognitive disorders of MS. Methods: This study was a parallel, randomized clinical trial, designed to investigate the effect of atomoxetine drug on the improvement of cognitive impairment (CI) in MS, from April 2021 to March 2022. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 52 participants were involved in the study and then randomly divided in two groups of 26. Experimental group was treated with atomoxetine and the control group was treated with placebo. The Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS) test was performed for assessment at the beginning and after 3 months. The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), the CVLT-delay, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were used to evaluate the CI and changes following medication. Finally, data were analyzed by SPSS software at significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean age of patients in the experimental group was 37.7 ± 8.5 and in the placebo group was 37.8 ± 7.6 (P = 0.32). The results showed significant changes in cognitive levels before and after the use of atomoxetine and also in comparison to the placebo group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that atomoxetine improved the cognitive domains after administration compared to placebo.
with Clinical Manifestations

The ACR Committee on Appropriateness Criteria and its expert panels have developed criteria for determining appropriate imaging examinations for diagnosis and treatment of specified medical condition(s). These criteria are intended to guide radiologists, radiation oncologists and referring physicians in making decisions regarding radiologic imaging and treatment. Generally, the complexity and severity of a patient’s clinical condition should dictate the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Only those examinations generally used for evaluation of the patient’s condition are ranked. Other imaging studies necessary to evaluate other co-existent diseases or other medical consequences of this condition are not considered in this document. The availability of equipment or personnel may influence the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Imaging techniques classified as investigational by the FDA have not been considered in developing these criteria; however, study of new equipment and applications should be encouraged. The ultimate decision regarding the appropriateness of any specific radiologic examination or treatment must be made by the referring physician and radiologist in light of all the circumstances presented in an individual examination.
Regional IP Anycast: Deployments, Performance, and Potentials

Recent studies show that an end system's traffic may reach a distant anycast site within a global IP anycast system, resulting in high latency. To address this issue, some private and public CDNs have implemented regional IP anycast, a technique that involves dividing content-hosting sites into geographic regions, announcing a unique IP anycast prefix for each region, and utilizing DNS and IP-geolocation to direct clients to CDN sites in their corresponding geographic regions. In this work, we aim to understand how a regional anycast CDN partitions its sites and maps its customers' clients to its sites, and how a regional anycast CDN performs compared to its global anycast counterpart. We study the deployment strategies and the performance of two CDNs (Edgio and Imperva) that currently deploy regional IP anycast. We find that both Edgio and Imperva partition their sites and clients following continent or country borders. Furthermore, we compare the client latency distribution in Imperva's regional anycast CDN with its similar-scale DNS global anycast network, while accounting for and mitigating the relevant deployment differences between the two networks. We find that regional anycast can effectively alleviate the pathology in global IP anycast where BGP routes clients' traffic to distant CDN sites. However, DNS mapping inefficiencies, where DNS returns a sub-optimal regional IP anycast address that does not cover a client's low-latency CDN sites, can harm regional anycast's performance. Finally, we show what performance benefits regional IP anycast can achieve with a latency-based region partition method using the Tangled testbed. When compared to global anycast, regional anycast significantly reduces the 90th percentile client latency by 58.7% to 78.6% for clients across different geographic areas.
Structure, composition, and condition of overstory trees

The structure, composition, and condition of overstory trees in the four study areas prior to prescribed fire treatments are summarized. Stand initiation dates were similar among the study areas (ca. 1885), and coincided with the decline of the charcoal iron industry in southern Ohio. Tree basal area averaged 26.8m�/ha and was not significantly different among Integrated Moisture Index classes. Tree density averaged 378 trees/ha and was highest on xeric plots (407/ha). Diameter growth averaged 3.6 mm/year and was greatest in areas with higher concentrations of soil nitrogen or base cations. Branch dieback was 20 percent or less for 96 percent of the 4,894 overstory trees, and foliage transparency was 20 percent or less for about 90 percent of the trees, indicating good crown condition. Twenty-nine species were recorded, the most abundant of which were white oak (79 trees/ha), red maple (52.9/ha), chestnut oak (49.2/ha), hickories (37/ha), and sugar maple (31.6/ha). Despite the abundance of red maple and sugar maple, most of these trees were in the smaller diameter classes (10 to 25 cm d.b.h.), suggesting more recent recruitment in the stands. Although oaks continue to dominate the overstory of these stands, the abundance of shade-tolerant species in the smaller size classes indicates consistent successional trends across the landscape, particularly on intermediate and mesic sites.
Variant 4: Major blunt trauma. Hemodynamically stable. Suspected extremity trauma. Initial imaging.

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level Radiography trauma series Usually Appropriate ☢☢☢ US FAST scan chest abdomen pelvis Usually Appropriate O CT whole body with IV contrast May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT whole body without IV contrast May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ MRI abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O
Variant Major blunt trauma. Hemodynamically stable. Suspected extremity trauma. Initial imaging.

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level Radiography trauma series Usually Appropriate ☢☢☢ US FAST scan chest abdomen pelvis Usually Appropriate O CT whole body with IV contrast May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT whole body without IV contrast May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ MRI abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O
Major Blunt Trauma

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level Radiography trauma series Usually Appropriate ☢☢☢ US FAST scan chest abdomen pelvis Usually Appropriate O CT whole body with IV contrast May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ CT whole body without IV contrast May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ MRI abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O
Assays of Genetic Expression in Tumor Tissue as a Technique to Determine Prognosis In Patients With Breast Cancer

PLEASE NOTE: Contracts exclude from coverage, among other things, services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers may bill members for services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers are encouraged to inform members before rendering such services that the members are likely to be financially responsible for the cost of these services.
Assays of Genetic Expression in Tumor Tissue as a Technique to Determine Prognosis In Patients With Breast Cancer Effective : July 1 , 2018

PLEASE NOTE: Contracts exclude from coverage, among other things, services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers may bill members for services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers are encouraged to inform members before rendering such services that the members are likely to be financially responsible for the cost of these services.
Assays of Genetic Expression in Tumor Tissue as a Technique to Determine Prognosis in Patients with Breast Cancer Effective : November 1 , 2018

PLEASE NOTE: Contracts exclude from coverage, among other things, services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers may bill members for services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers are encouraged to inform members before rendering such services that the members are likely to be financially responsible for the cost of these services.
: Free Trade Agreements and Decision Rights in Multinationals

Free trade agreements (FTAs) with rules of origin (ROO) affect the location of input production for vertically integrated, multinational enterprises (MNEs). FTA-induced relocation changes the allocation of decision rights within MNEs and the purpose of transfer pricing from avoiding high taxes to strengthening their product-market competitiveness. This study shows that an FTA with ROO may hurt both MNEs and local firms despite tariff elimination, when the relocation occurs and the decision rights change from centralized to decentralized. Moreover, such an FTA can hurt consumers. Nevertheless, ROO increase the feasibility of FTAs thanks to larger tax revenues
ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF BRIDGE DECK RUNOFF CONTAMINANTS IN RECEIVING WATERS. VOLUME 1: FINAL REPORT

This report presents guidance for practitioners in assessing the impacts of bridge deck runoff on receiving waters and, if necessary, identifying the most appropriate method of mitigation as part of an overall management plan. This volume, Volume 1, includes the findings of a literature review, a survey of current highway agency practice, stakeholder consultation, and biological testing at both freshwater and saltwater sites. The second volume presents the assessment process that was developed on the basis of the findings reported in the Final Report (Volume 1). Use of these two volumes should be particularly helpful for practitioners (especially those responsible for structural, hydraulic, and water quality design and evaluation) in making sound, scientifically defensible decisions concerning the need for water runoff controls on new, replacement, or existing structures.
A simple scoring ratio to index the conformity of radiosurgical treatment plans

that measures the conformity of radiosurgical treatment has been important but as yet not entirely successful. A conformity index should be an objective measure of how well the distribution of radiation conforms to the shape of the radiosurgical target. Indeed, radiosurgery is only possible because of this conformity of the dose. Without it, fractionation of the dose would be necessary as a method of reducing lethal damage to normal tissue. The conformity of a dose plan is crucial to the effectiveness of the treatment and it should be expressed in a value that is easy to understand. Not only is a conformity index invaluable in decision making when comparing two potential treatment plans for the same patient, but it is also a useful tool to compare different methods of radiosurgery such as the gamma knife, LINAC, and particle accelerator. This means an ideal conformity index should be universally applicable, using easy to obtain parameters, usually from a dose–volume histogram. Shaw, et al.,5 proposed the PITV ratio as a measure of the conformity of a treatment plan. However, this ratio has a fundamental flaw that will be examined. Further scoring methods are also reviewed and criticized. A new conformity index is proposed, its derivation explained, and a comparative study, with existing scoring methods, presented. Materials and Methods
Asymptotic distribution in affiliation finite discrete weighted networks with an increasing degree sequence

Abstract The asymptotic normality of a fixed number of the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) in the affiliation finite discrete weighted networks with an increasing degree sequence has been established recently. In this article, we further derive a central limit theorem for a linear combination of all the MLEs with an increasing dimension. Simulation studies are provided to illustrate the asymptotic results.
Variant 6: cholangiocarcinoma: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma,

Procedure Appropriateness Category Liver transplantation Usually Appropriate Percutaneous ablation liver Usually Appropriate Surgical liver resection Usually Appropriate Combination locoregional therapy May Be Appropriate External beam radiation therapy May Be Appropriate Transarterial chemoembolization May Be Appropriate Transarterial radioembolization May Be Appropriate Bland transarterial embolization May Be Appropriate Systemic therapies Usually Not Appropriate