Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Substitution of Meteorological Data from the Korea Meteorological Administration for Data from a Cattle Farm in Calculation of Temperature-Humidity Index

Relative humidity (RH%) data are inaccessible in the majority of cattle farms; however, such data often are available at local meteorological stations. Thus, this study purposed use of dry bulb temperature (DBToC) data from a cattle barn and RH% data of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) for calculation of temperature-humidity index (THI). The scope of research was analysis of three cattle barns, categorized as barn 1 (sidewalls-closed and adjustable with windows, 1,071 m), barn 2 (sidewalls-opened and adjustable with winch curtain, 1,067 m), and barn 3 (sidewalls half opened, 544 m) located at a livestock research farm at Kangwon National University. The microclimate data of the barns were recorded by Hobo loggers and compared with KMA data from June to September 2019. Comparison of maximum DBToC between KMA and the barns showed no difference in the study period. On the other hand, minimum RH% at KMA was lower than those of barn1 and barn3 in June and September, and minimum RH% at KMA was lower than that of barn1 in August (p < 0.05). The maximum THI based on KMA data was not different from that based on barns data. Moreover, the maximum THI based on KMA data was not different from that of modified THI (combination of maximum DBToC of barns and minimum RH% of KMA). Furthermore, maximum THI based on barns data was not different from modified THI of barns. The THI calculation in barns was correlated with KMA data. Overall, microclimate information from KMA can be used as effective barn microclimate data for THI calculation. We recommend using RH% data provided by KMA in the absence of microclimatic RH% data from a cattle barn as an effective way of regulating THI inside the cattle farm.
Non-symmetrically (1,2,4- and 1,3,4-)oxadiazole homologous: synthesis, characterisation and study the effect of different substituents on their mesophase behaviours

ABSTRACT We have previously demonstrated that the type of oxadiazole isomers is relatively affected on showing the liquid crystalline properties of the compounds that have the same chemical compositions. In this paper, we presented the synthesis and mesomorphic behaviour of related compounds that possess ester linkage with different substituted groups on para of the phenyl to six derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole and like another six containing 1,2,4-oxadiazole rings. The formation of these compounds was evidenced by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass techniques. Their mesophase behaviours were studied by optical polarised microscopy (OPM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All of them presented liquid crystalline properties with nematic (N), smectic A (SmA) and smectic C (SmC) phases typically to calamitic compounds. The effect of substituent group nature and the type of oxadiazole isomers on the liquid crystalline properties of these compounds are analysed and discussed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Rhodochrosite

Manganese is a widely used element in the steel industry; its main source is a mineral named rhodochrosite (MnCO3). For industrial usage, rhodochrosite is reduced to different manganese oxides by means of nodulation furnaces. In this study, rhodochrosite was thermally analyzed at temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 1200 °C. XRD (Powder X-ray diffraction), XRF (X-ray fluorescence), AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry), and FESEM-EDX (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry) were used to characterize the mineral and the residues were analyzed by XRD and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) to determine the stoichiometry of the thermal decomposition reactions. Three mass losses were observed, the first attributed to the transformation from carbonate to manganese (III) oxide, the second to the reduction to manganese tetroxide, and the third to the decomposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) present as a contaminant in the studied mineral. Thermal decomposition kinetics shows that the first mass loss required 17.91 kJ mol−1, indicating a control by mass transport-controlled process. For the second and third mass loss, the apparent activation energy of 112.41 kJ mol−1 and 64.69 kJ mol−1 was obtained respectively, indicating that both mass loss events were rate-controlled.
The “ironic” fair process effect: A perceived fair naturalization procedure spurs anti-immigration attitudes through increased host national identification among naturalized citizens

A growing body of research has shown that naturalized citizens’ attitudes towards immigration worsen following citizenship acquisition. Accordingly, these socially mobile individuals tend to distance themselves from their former immigrant ingroup. The present contribution explains such self–group distancing coping strategy in terms of an “ironic” procedural fairness effect. Study 1 (N = 566), a survey conducted among naturalized Swiss citizens, showed that fairness perceptions with respect to the naturalization process were indeed associated with stronger anti-immigration attitudes, and that this relationship was mediated by identification with the host nation. Next, two experiments were conducted to demonstrate the causality of the hypothesized mediation model. In Study 2 (Experiment 1; N = 248), fairness of the admission procedure (accurate vs. inaccurate) increased identification with a desirable group. In Study 3 (Experiment 2; N = 141), administration of a national identity prime evoked stronger anti-immigration attitudes. Taken together, our findings highlight a somewhat “dark side” of procedural fairness.
Vision-Based Vibration Monitoring of Structures and Infrastructures: An Overview of Recent Applications

Contactless structural monitoring has in recent years seen a growing number of applications in civil engineering. Indeed, the elimination of physical installations of sensors is very attractive, especially for structures that might not be easily or safely accessible, yet requiring the experimental evaluation of their conditions, for example following extreme events such as strong earthquakes, explosions, and floods. Among contactless technologies, vision-based monitoring is possibly the solution that has attracted most of the interest of civil engineers, given that the advantages of contactless monitoring can be potentially obtained thorough simple and low-cost consumer-grade instrumentations. The objective of this review article is to provide an introductory discussion of the latest applications of vision-based vibration monitoring of structures and infrastructures through an overview of the results achieved in full-scale field tests, as documented in the published technical literature. In this way, engineers new to vision-based monitoring and stakeholders interested in the possibilities of contactless monitoring in civil engineering could have an outline of up-to-date achievements to support a first evaluation of the feasibility and convenience for future monitoring tasks.
Genetic Diversity among Kenaf Mutants as Revealed by Qualitative and Quantitative Traits

ABSTRACT Understanding the genetic variability using different qualitative and quantitative traits plays a significant role in kenaf breeding program. To achieve this objective, a study was conducted on yield and yield components over two planting seasons to evaluate genetic diversity and heritability among kenaf mutant lines using multivariate analysis to identify superior genotype for future breeding program. Highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) was recorded among the qualitative and quantitative traits. Strong to moderately positive phenotypic correlation was observed between dry fiber weights for all the morphological traits except top diameter and days to flowering. The 31 studied genotypes were grouped into six major clusters based on the UPGMA dendrogram. Principal component analysis based on the correlation matrix of 15 quantitative traits showed that the first five components accounted for 85.16% of the total variation of the genotypes. Based on diversity pattern and morphophysiological performance, hybridization of group IV with group VI, or group III, group V and group I could be used to attain high vigor or heterosis with a comparative photo-insensitive variety with high fiber yield. Also, this evaluation could be useful in developing reliable selection criteria for future improvement in kenaf breeding programs.
To support or to boycott: a public segmentation model in corporate social advocacy

ABSTRACT This study proposes a theoretical model that provides a segmentation method of publics based on their cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses toward corporate social advocacy (CSA). As one of the initial efforts in building a theory of CSA in public relations scholarship, the model segments consumers based on three outcome variables – boycott intention, purchase intention, and corporate reputation. This model also incorporates consumer-company congruence, company-cause fit, consumer-cause fit, and issue involvement as antecedent variables. A survey of 482 adult consumers found that consumer-company congruence and company-cause fit had significant negative impacts on boycott intention, but positive influences on purchase intention. Consumer-company congruence, company-cause fit, and consumer-cause fit all had significant positive impacts on corporate reputation. Moreover, interaction effects between company-cause fit and consumers’ involvement with the specific CSA issue were found significant on both boycott intention and purchase intention. How these findings help advance the understanding of publics in a CSA context is discussed.
Salicylic Acid Improves Boron Toxicity Tolerance by Modulating the Physio-Biochemical Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.) at an Early Growth Stage

The boron (B) concentration surpasses the plant need in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, resulting in phyto-toxicity. Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous signaling molecule responsible for stress tolerance in plants and is a potential candidate for ameliorating B toxicity. In this study, the effects of seed priming with SA (0, 50, 100 and 150 µM for 12 h) on the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity were investigated. One-week old seedlings were subjected to soil spiked with B (0, 15 and 30 mg kg−1 soil) as boric acid. Elevating concentrations of B reduced the root and shoot length, but these losses were significantly restored in plants raised from seeds primed with 100 µM of SA. The B application decreased the root and shoot fresh/dry biomasses significantly at 30 mg kg−1 soil. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased with increasing levels of B, while the contents of anthocyanin, H2O2, ascorbic acid (ASA) and glycinebetaine (GB) were enhanced. The root K and Ca contents were significantly increased, while a reduction in the shoot K contents was recorded. The nitrate concentration was significantly higher in the shoot as compared to the root under applied B toxic regimes. However, all of these B toxicity effects were diminished with 100 µM SA applications. The current study outcomes suggested that the exogenously applied SA modulates the response of plants grown under B toxic conditions, and hence could be used as a plant growth regulator to stimulate plant growth and enhance mineral nutrient uptake under B-stressed conditions.
Dual-task training to offset technologically induced human error: justification and call for further research

ABSTRACT There is a lack of published research examining ways to mitigate the effects of attention on human error prevalence in the marine setting. Evidence from the aviation industry, a very similar field, shows that attention does impact performance, especially when more than one task is to be completed at the same time. Much like pilots, mariners are constantly completing tasks concurrently, and thus need to be able to disperse their attention over multiple sources of incoming information. Manipulating attention through effective education is proposed to reduce the rates of human error at sea. The relationship between attention, dual-task learning, and human information processing is explored in an attempt to provide a foundation for future researchers to dive deeper into this issue and create a curriculum that focuses on instilling attention allocation skills in novices.
Elastohydrodynamic lubrication line contact in couple-stress elasticity

By using the couple-stress elasticity theory, this article firstly analyzes the size-dependent elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) line contact between a deformable half-plane and a rigid cylindrical punch. The size effect that emerged from the material microstructures is described by the characteristic material length. It is assumed that the viscosity and density of the lubricant vary with the fluid pressure. An iterative method is developed to deal with the flow rheology equation, film thickness equation, load balance equation and Reynolds equation at the same time. Then, distributions of fluid pressure, in-plane stress and film thickness are determined numerically at the lubricant contact surface. Influences of the size parameter, punch radius, resultant normal load and entraining velocity on the fluid pressure, in-plane stress and lubricant film thickness are discussed. The fluid pressure and film thickness predicted from the couple-stress elasticity theory present significant departures from the classical elasticity results. It is demonstrated that results for micro-/nano-scale EHL contact problems may be underestimated when the classical elasticity theory is employed.
Calcium Isotopic Compositions of Sixteen USGS Reference Materials

Calcium isotopic compositions of sixteen Ca‐bearing USGS geological reference materials including igneous and sedimentary rocks are reported. Calcium isotopic compositions were determined in two laboratories (GPMR, State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan; and CIG, Centre for Isotope Geochemistry, University of California, Berkeley) using the 42Ca‐48Ca double‐spike technique by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. As opposed to common cation exchange resin, a micro‐column filled with Ca‐selective resin (DGA resin) was used in order to achieve high recovery (> 96%) and efficient separation of Ca from the sample matrix. The intermediate measurement precision was evaluated at 0.14‰ (2s) for δ44/40CaSRM915a at GPMR, based on replicate measurements of pure Ca reference material NIST SRM 915a, NIST SRM 915b and seawater. Overall, the measurement uncertainties in both laboratories were better than 0.15‰ at the 2s level. Result validation was carried out for all available data sets. The Ca isotopic compositions of USGS reference materials are not only in agreement between GPMR and CIG, but also in agreement with previously published data within quoted uncertainties. The comprehensive data set reported in this study serves as a reference for both quality assurance and interlaboratory comparison of high precision Ca isotopic study.
The Evaluation of Oncological Hyperthermia Centers and Turkey Modeling Oncological Hyperthermia Centers and Turkey Modeling

Introduction and Objectives: The latest technology and current treatments are used in the treatment of cancer in Turkey; however, oncological hyperthermia devices are currently not available. This study aimed to demonstrate the necessity of oncological hyperthermia devices in Turkey where cancer treatment is performed effectively. In this direction, some important oncological hyperthermia centers have been examined to what kind of planning can be developed in this country. Materials and Methods: The data were collected regarding the number of patients who had undergone hyperthermia during the treatment of cancer and the distribution of oncological diagnoses, devices per population, and rate of hyperthermia use. Subsequently, a model was prepared for Turkey, and an evaluation was performed on the number of cancer patients that can be applied to this treatment and the need for the number of oncological hyperthermia devices. Results: According to the data obtained, an average of 375 patients are treated annually per hyperthermia device in relevant centers. When a similar projection is applied for Turkey, hyperthermia treatment can be applied to an average of 400 patients annually with 0.18 hyperthermia devices per one million population. According to this result, considering the population and the annual cancer diagnosis rates, it is predicted that 13 deep regional hyperthermia devices are required across the country. Conclusion: The presence of deep regional hyperthermia devices in comprehensive oncology centers plays an effective role in oncological treatment with modern radiotherapy devices. This condition along with the sufficient number of radiation oncologists will significantly benefit the capacity to provide oncological treatment options holistically.
SOUTHTRAC-GW An Airborne Field Campaign to Explore Gravity Wave Dynamics at the World’s Strongest Hotspot

: The southern part of South America and the Antarctic peninsula are known as the world’s strongest hotspot region of stratospheric gravity wave (GW) activity. Large tropospheric winds are deflected by the Andes and the Antarctic Peninsula and excite GWs that might propagate into the upper mesosphere. Satellite observations show large stratospheric GW activity above the mountains, the Drake Passage, and in a belt centered along 60°S. This scientifically highly interesting region for studying GW dynamics was the focus of the Southern Hemisphere Transport, Dynamics, and Chemistry–Gravity Waves (SOUTHTRAC-GW) mission. The German High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) was deployed to Rio Grande at the southern tip of Argentina in September 2019. Seven dedicated research flights with a typical length of 7,000 km were conducted to collect GW observations with the novel Airborne Lidar for Middle Atmosphere research (ALIMA) instrument and the Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) limb sounder. While ALIMA measures temperatures in the altitude range from 20 to 90 km, GLORIA observations allow characterization of temperatures and trace gas mixing ratios from 5 to 15 km. Wave perturbations are derived by subtracting suitable mean profiles. This paper summarizes the motivations and objectives of the SOUTHTRAC-GW mission. The evolution of the atmospheric conditions is documented including the effect of the extraordi-nary Southern Hemisphere sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) that occurred in early September 2019. Moreover, outstanding initial results of the GW observation and plans for future work are presented. region of the southern Andes and the Antarctic Peninsula is known as the world’s strongest stratospheric hotspot of gravity wave (GW) activity (in
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Different Solvent Extracts of Selected lndian Spices

A B S T R A C T Spices has been added to foods since ancient times, not only as flavoring agent, but also as food preservatives and folk medicines. The present study focuses on thephytochemical analysis of five well known Indian spices namely clove, pepper, nutmeg, cinnamon and saffron. Phytochemical compositions of spices were carried out for the methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform and distilled water extracts. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of these spices extracts confirm the presence of various phytochemicals like alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenol, glycosides, terpanoids, flavonoids, saponins, proteins, steroids and tannins. K e y w o r d s Phytochemical analysis, alkaloids, Saffron, Nutmeg,
Mathematical Model for Regular and Irregular PV Arrays with Improved Calculation Speed

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are usually developed by configuring the PV arrays with regular connection schemes, such as series-parallel, total cross-tied, bridge-linked, among others. Such a strategy is aimed at increasing the power that is generated by the PV system under partial shading conditions, since the power production changes depending on the connection scheme. Moreover, irregular and non-common connection schemes could provide higher power production for irregular (but realistic) shading conditions that aere caused by threes or other objects. However, there are few mathematical models that are able to predict the power production of different configurations and reproduce the behavior of both regular and irregular PV arrays. Those general array models are slow due to the large amount of computations that are needed to find the PV current for a given PV voltage. Therefore, this paper proposes a general mathematical model to predict the power production of regular and irregular PV arrays, which provides a faster calculation in comparison with the general models that were reported in the literature, but without reducing the prediction accuracy. The proposed modeling approach is based on detecting the inflection points that are caused by the bypass diodes activation, which enables to narrow the range in which the modules voltages are searched, thus reducing the calculation time. Therefore, this fast model is useful in designing the fixed connections of PV arrays that are subjected to shading conditions, in order to reconfigure the PV array in real-time, depending on the shading pattern, among other applications. The proposed solution is validated by comparing the results with another general model and with a circuital implementation of the PV system.
Measuring rural access for SDG 9.1.1

The Rural Access Index is a measure of access developed by the World Bank and has been incorporated into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as indicator 9.1. 1. This measures the proportion of the rural population living within 2 km of an all‐season road, using GIS layers and relying on three data sources: population, road network location and condition. Open GIS data are used for population and road location, but there are challenges to define the all‐season status of roads. Every country measures road condition differently and against different parameters, which makes consistency of the all‐season status between countries difficult. This article reports on research to refine the GIS methodology for assessing SDG 9.1. 1 to make it more sustainable, repeatable and consistent by using geospatial data and tools, based on trials in four countries—Ghana, Malawi, Myanmar and Nepal—which were selected for their diversity of environment and data.
The Impact of Transforming Unstructured Data into Structured Data on a Churn Prediction Model for Loan Customers

With various structured data, such as the company size, loan balance, and savings accounts, the voice of customer (VOC), which is text data containing contact history and counseling details was analyzed in this study. To analyze unstructured data, the term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) analysis, semantic network analysis, sentiment analysis, and a convolutional neural network (CNN) were implemented. A performance comparison of the models revealed that the predictive model using the CNN provided the best performance with regard to predictive power, followed by the model using the TF-IDF, and then the model using semantic network analysis. In particular, a character-level CNN and a word-level CNN were developed separately, and the character-level CNN exhibited better performance, according to an analysis for the Korean language. Moreover, a systematic selection model for optimal text mining techniques was proposed, suggesting which analytical technique is appropriate for analyzing text data depending on the context. This study also provides evidence that the results of previous studies, indicating that individual customers leave when their loyalty and switching cost are low, are also applicable to corporate customers and suggests that VOC data indicating customers’ needs are very effective for predicting their behavior.