Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure and diversity among brook trout from Isle Royale, Lake Nipigon, and three Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior

Abstract Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis from Isle Royale, Michigan, three Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior, and Lake Nipigon in Ontario were analyzed for genetic variation at 12 microsatellite DNA loci. Analysis of molecular variance, genetic distance measures, and cluster analysis were used to examine the diversity, gene flow, and relatedness among the samples. The diversity estimates for the samples from Isle Royale were similar to those for the samples collected from Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior, and all estimates were lower than those reported in other studies of brook trout from eastern North America. Genetic differences were detected among the brook trout at Isle Royale, Lake Nipigon, and the Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior. Further, the population in Tobin Harbor at the eastern end of Isle Royale was distinct from the populations from tributaries at the southwestern end of the island. The Minnesota tributary population formed a group that was genetically distinct from thos.
Larval and Juvenile Fishes in the Surf Zone Adjacent to the St Lucia Estuary Mouth, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Composition, seasonality and developmental stages of larval and juvenile fish in the surf zone adjacent to the St Lucia Estuary mouth, KwaZulu-Natal, were investigated. Samples were collected monthly, from February 1992 to January 1993, at six stations along the beach north of the estuary mouth. A 24-h study was also undertaken in the surf zone when the estuary mouth was closed. In the 12-month study a total of 2931 larvae, representing 88 taxa and 47 families, was collected. The most abundant families were the Sparidae, Haemulidae, Ambassidae, Tripterygiidae and Chanidae, together comprising 64.2% of the total catch. The most abundant species were Pomadasys olivaceum, Ambassis sp. and Rhabdosargus holubi. In the 24-h study a total of 13731 larvae, representing 43 taxa and 22 families, was collected and was dominated by Ambassis sp. , Croilia mossambica and Chanos chanos. Temperature and turbidity were the most important environmental variables related to fish densities of estuary-associated species. Temporal changes in fish densities were most significant for daylnight catches, with densities being significantly higher at night than during the day. Fish species associated with estuaries peaked in abundance in mid autumn and late winter. Spatial trends in fish densities indicated significantly higher densities of estuary-associated species at Stations 2 and 3, with densities decreasing thereafter away from the estuary mouth. Larval stages were predominantly postflexion for all months sampled. The total catch was dominated by marine spawner species, with 36% of all taxa having some degree of estuarine association. Species with some degree of estuarine association dominated the catch in terms of density during both the 12-month study (60%) and the 24-h study (83%). Results from this study indicate that the surf zone adjacent to the St Lucia Estuary functions as a transit route and a nursery habitat for certain estuary- and non-estuary-associated fish species.
A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans

Introduction: SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2), which causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) was first detected in China in late 2019 and has since then caused a global pandemic. While molecular assays to directly detect the viral genetic material are available for the diagnosis of acute infection, we currently lack serological assays suitable to specifically detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Methods: Here we describe serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) that we developed using recombinant antigens derived from the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. These assays were developed with negative control samples representing pre-COVID 19 background immunity in the general population and samples from COVID19 patients. Results: The assays are sensitive and specific, allowing for screening and identification of COVID19 seroconverters using human plasma/serum as early as 3 days post symptom onset. Importantly, these assays do not require handling of infectious virus, can be adjusted to detect different antibody types and are amendable to scaling. Conclusion: Serological assays are of critical importance to determine seroprevalence in a given population, define previous exposure and identify highly reactive human donors for the generation of convalescent serum as therapeutic. Sensitive and specific identification of coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 antibody titers will also support screening of health care workers to identify those who are already immune and can be deployed to care for infected patients minimizing the risk of viral spread to colleagues and other patients.
Seedling recruitment failure following dipterocarp mast fruiting

Many rain-forest trees in South-East Asia, including the dominant canopy family Dipterocarpaceae, reproduce in gregarious mast-fruiting events once every 2–11 y (Ashton et al. 1988). The dominant hypothesis for the evolution of masting is that predators are incapable of consuming mast seed crops, so that natural selection has favoured parent trees that fruit in synchrony (Janzen 1974, 1976). Mast flowering and fruiting are visually spectacular and quantified in harvest records for dipterocarp species producing large, oil-rich tengkawang seeds (Curran et al. 1999). Seedling recruitment following a mast is less obvious and has no immediate commercial value. However, a number of pulses of recruitment have been documented (Ashton et al. 1988, Chan 1980, Fox 1972, Liew & Wong 1973). These, together with general acceptance of the satiation hypothesis, have led to the widespread assumption that masts reliably increase seedling density and generate distinct seedling cohorts (Whitmore 1998). Indeed, foresters in Malaysia and Indonesia often recommend harvesting only after a mast, to ensure high densities of seedling regeneration.
Fisiologia e produção da soja tratada com cinetina e cálcio sob deficit hídrico e sombreamento

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da cinetina e do calcio sobre as caracteristicas fisiologicas e produtivas de plantas de soja submetidas a estresses por deficit hidrico e sombreamento na fase de florescimento. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repeticoes. Plantas de soja cultivadas em vasos de 38 dm3 foram submetidas a aplicacao de calcio e cinetina, de forma isolada e combinada, no inicio do florescimento e, em seguida, submetidas a estresse por deficit hidrico e por sombreamento por 12 dias. Apos o periodo de estresse, as plantas foram conduzidas ate a maturacao com suprimento adequado de agua e radiacao. A aplicacao de calcio e cinetina promoveu a manutencao do conteudo relativo de agua nas plantas, apos quatro dias de deficit hidrico. O extravasamento de eletrolitos celulares, medido ao final do periodo de estresse, foi menor em plantas tratadas com calcio e cinetina. A assimilacao de CO2 foi reduzida pela imposicao do estresse, principalmente do deficit hidrico, e a producao de graos nos dois ambientes foi reduzida na mesma intensidade.
Pollination and breeding system of Xylopia brasiliensis Sprengel (Annonaceae) in south-eastern Brazil

The Annonaceae is a predominantly tropical family characterized by the combination of some primitive floral traits, particularly the apocarpic gynoecium and many free stamens, with both carpels and stamens spirally distributed on a lengthy receptacle (Barroso et al. 1978, Gottsberger 1989). Three modes of pollination occur among the Annonaceae: the largely predominant beetle pollination, and the pollination by flies and thrips (Gottsberger 1970, 1974, 1990). Pollination by beetles is also considered as the primitive condition in flowering plants (Gibbs et al. 1977, Kevan & Baker 1983). An important feature of most beetle-pollinated flowers of the Annonaceae is the floral chamber formed by the imbricated petals which remain closed upon the sexual elements of the central axis during the whole an thesis. Beetles are attracted by scents to the floral chambers and there they find shelter, food (tissues and pollen) and sexual mates (Gottsberger 1988). As the beetles move into newly opened flowers they may carry pollen and promote cross-fertilization. For the genera Xylopia, Guatteria and Duguetia, Gottsberger (1970) found that, although showing a slight protogyny, some self-fertilization may occur if cross-pollination fails. The author describes that in Xylopia the outermost stamens are released at the end of the anthesis and pre-empt the chamber, allowing the anthers to touch the still
Water availability and branch length determine δ13C in foliage of Pinus pinaster

The stable carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) of foliage integrates signals resulting from environmental and hydraulic constraints on water movement and photosynthesis. We used branch length as a simple predictor of hydraulic constraints to water fluxes and determined the response of delta(13)C to varying water availability. Foliage up to 6 years old was taken from Pinus pinaster Ait. trees growing at four sites differing in precipitation (P; 414-984 mm year(-1)) and potential evaporation (ET; 1091-1750 mm year(-1)). Branch length was the principal determinant of temporal trends in delta(13)C. The strong relationship between delta(13)C and branch length was a function of hydraulic conductance, which was negatively correlated with branch length (r(2) = 0.84). Variation in P and ET among sites was reflected in delta(13)C, which was negatively correlated with P/ET (r(2) = 0.66). However, this analysis was confounded by differences in branch length. If the effects of branch length on delta(13)C were first removed, then the 'residual' delta(13)C was more closely related to P/ET (r(2) = 0.99), highlighting the importance of accounting for variation in hydraulic constraints to water flux between sites and years. For plant species that exhibit considerable phenotypic plasticity in response to changes in environment (e.g., variation in leaf area, branch length and number, or stem form), the environmental effects on delta(13)C in foliage can only be reliably assessed if deconvoluted from hydraulic constraints.
A novel species Symphyocladia glabra sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from Korea based on morphological and molecular analyses

Six species of the genus Symphyocladia are currently recognized worldwide, all of which are reported to grow on the Korean coast. We described a new species Symphyocladia glabra sp. nov. based on morphological and molecular evidence. The new species is characterized by mostly an erect and broad thallus, the parallel arrangement of numerous apical cells, completely fused congenital cells, a corticated basal portion of faint midrib with six to eight pericentral cells, rhizoids cutting off from pericentral cells, and absent vegetative trichoblasts. The new species has morphological similarity to S. marchantioides and S. jejuinsula. However, S. glabra sp. nov. is distinguished from S. marchantioides by the corticated lower portion of the thallus and the absence of vegetative trichoblasts, and S. jejuinsula by number of pericentral cells and the fact that the thallus does not taper upward. The phylogeny of rbcL sequences indicated that S. glabra sp. nov. is definitely a separate entity within the genus Symphyocladia.
Analysis of Local Variation in the Standing Crop of Spartina alterniflora

Measurements of standing crop biomass and height of the tzll form of Spartina alterniflora on twelve Rhode Island salt marshes suggest that the nutrients in municipal sewage inputs may increase growth oi the grass. Spartina biomass in the Providence River and upper Narragansett Bay was 39°0 greater than in the lower by and 107°0 grcater than in Block Island Sound, Height of the plants increased 5% and 67% over those in the lower bay and sound, respcctively, Even with enhanced growth from eutrophication, calculations show that treatmcnt of marsh arcas with sewage cffluents is not a realistic hope for the recycling of wastes from coastal cities, or for providing low cost tertiary treatment. The mean dry weight at the end of the growing season was 840 ±_ 321 g;m for all marshes, with a ränge from 433 ± 80 g/m to 1380 i 220 g/m. Grass height averaged 112 i 28 cm on all sites, with a ränge from 50 ± 12 cm to 142 — 16 cm. Multiple regression analysis Indicated that concentrations of ammonia, sediment phosphorus, and sedimcnt nitrogen could account for 77% of the between site Variation in Spartina standing crop. Grass height was correlated with sediment iron in a manner suggesting this element äs a possible limiting factor. Half of the 12 marshes were significantly different from all other sites in terms of grass height, demonstrating the importance of having samptas frorn a variety of marshes in each area when analysis of large climatic gradients on production are attemptcd.
Peroxisomal localization of enzymes related to fatty acid β-oxidation in an n-alkane-grown yeast, Candida tropicalis

In Candida tropicalis cells grown on n-alkanes (C10-C13), the levels of the activities of the enzymes related to fatty acid β—oxidation—acyl-CoA oxidase, enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase—were found to be higher than those in cells grown on glucose, indicating that these enzymes were induced by alkanes. The enzymes were first confirmed to be localized only in peroxisomes, while none of these enzymes nor acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which is known to participate in the initial step of mitochondrial β-oxidation in mammalian cells, were detected in yeast mitochondria under the conditions employed.The significance of the peroxisomal β-oxidation system in the metabolism of alkanes by the yeast was also discussed.
Potencial germinativo e morfoanatomia foliar de plântulas de pinhão-manso originadas de germoplasma criopreservado

The objective of this work was to evaluate the germinative potential and the morphoanatomical features of leaves in seedlings of physic nut from cryopreserved germplasm. Initially, seeds were evaluated regarding desiccation every 24 hours for up to 120 hours. Then, seeds were desiccated for 0, 24, and 48 hours, and evaluated monthly as to germinative potential, before and after storage in liquid nitrogen by direct immersion and fast freezing. To characterize the viability of seeds that did not germinate after the evaluation period, the zygotic embryos were immersed in tetrazolium solution. Morphoanatomical features of leaves were determined after cryopreservation by histological evaluation. Physic nut seeds tolerated desiccation to critical levels and cryopreservation with moisture content around 8%. Seed desiccation to lower values, associated with longer periods of exposition to liquid nitrogen, causes abnormalities in seedlings, damages leaf cells and tissues, and affects negatively germination.
Charcoal and carbon storage in forest soils of the Rocky Mountain West

Charcoal represents a super-passive form of carbon (C) that is generated during fire events and is one of the few legacies of fire recorded in the soil profile; however, the importance of this material as a form of C storage has received only limited scientific attention. Here, we review the formation of charcoal in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems, discuss some of its desirable properties, and estimate the potential contribution charcoal to long-term C sequestration in forest ecosystems. Charcoal deposition over the course of several mil lennia probably accounts for a substantial proportion of the total soil C pool in fire-maintained forest ecosystems. Forest management processes that interfere with natural fire processes eliminate the formation of this passive form of C. We recommend that charcoal be considered in C storage budgets and modeling of forest ecosystems, especially in light of climate change and increasing occurrence of wildfire.
Produtividade e qualidade dos frutos da laranjeira 'Pêra' clone IAC em 16 porta-enxertos na região de Bebedouro-SP

An experiment was set up in July 1993, at Bebedouro city, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, aiming to evaluate the rootstock influence on the yield and several physical and chemical fruit characteristics such as fruit size, total soluble solids, acidity, ratio juice content and technological index of 'Pera' IAC sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], in a high inoculum pressure area of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). The spacement was 6.0 m between rows and 3.5 m between trees. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three replications and two trees per plot. The rootstocks tested were 'Sun Chu Sha Kat' mandarin (Citrus reticulata), 'Pectinifera' (C. reticulata), 'Shekwasha' (C. depressa Hayata), 'Pectinifera/Shekwasha' (C. depressa Hayata), 'Batangas' (C. reticulata), 'Oneco' (C. reticulata), citrangor [citrange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. x C. sinensis) x C. sinensis], citrandarin (C. sunki hort. ex Tanaka x Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. cv. English), 'Sunki' (C. sunki), 'Suen-Kat' (C. sunki), Nasnaran (C. amblycarpa Ochse), 'Venezuela' mandarin (C. reticulata), 'Heen Naran' mandarin (C. lycopersicaeformis), 'Cravo' (C. limonia Osbeck) x 'Cleopatra' (C. reshni hort ex Tanaka), 'Cravo' (C. limonia), 'Cleopatra' (C. reshni). CVC intensity was different due to rootstocks effects and not related with yield until the fourth year of production. With the exception of the Nasnaran mandarin the rootstocks induced initial fruit production and quality similar to 'Cravo'.
The cycad Ceratozamia norstogii D.W. Stev. (Zamiaceae) from southern Mexico: new information on distribution, habitat and vegetative morphology

The type locality in Chiapas of the rare and endangered Mexican cycad Ceratozamia norstogii D.W. Stevoriginally collected by C. A. Purpus in 1925, has been found. This enabled us to emend and illustrate the description ofC. norstogii , thus clearing up some confusion surrounding the concept of this species. We believe the confusion arose owing to a composite herbarium voucher consisting of unrelated material from apparently different physiographic regions of Chiapas. Two further localities for C. norstogii have also been discovered, one in the neighbouring state of Oaxaca. Additional information on its habitat and distribution is presented.
Juvenile Pallid Sturgeon are Piscivorous: A Call for Conserving Native Cyprinids

Abstract We examined the diets of age-6 and age-7 hatchery-reared juvenile pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus (mean fork length [FL] = 538 ± 13 mm [90% confidence interval]; mean weight = 518 ± 49 g) and indigenous shovelnose sturgeon S. platorynchus (mean FL = 525 ± 12 mm; mean weight = 683 ± 41 g) sampled in 2003 and 2004 from the Missouri River above Fort Peck Reservoir, Montana. Diet overlap between juvenile pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon was low. Fish were the primary prey of juvenile pallid sturgeon, and aquatic insects were the primary prey of shovelnose sturgeon. Sturgeon chub Macrhybopsis gelida and sicklefin chub M. meeki, two species that have declined throughout much of the Missouri River, comprised 79% of the number of identifiable fish in juvenile pallid sturgeon stomachs. The prevalence of sicklefin chub and sturgeon chub as a food resource of juvenile pallid sturgeon indicates that recovery and management of native cyprinids is a potentially important step in the recovery of pal.
PROMICROMONOSPORA SUKUMOE SP. NOV., A NEW SPECIES OF THE ACTINOMYCETALES

A new species of the genus Promicromonospora is described, for which we propose the name Promicromonospora sukumoe. Actinomycete strain SK-2049 contains lysine in the cell wall. The substrate mycelia of this strain fragment into bacillary and coccoid cells. It differs from previously described species of the genus Promicromonospora: P. citrea and P. enterophila. The type strain of P. sukumoe is strain SK-2049.
Phospholipases as Tools to Study the Localization of Phospholipids in Biological Membranes. A Critical Review

AbstractAfter a general introduction into the field, the principles and prerequisites of phospholipid sidedness experiments are reviewed. Since it is of paramount importance that highly purified phospholipases are used, a brief summary is given of the various procedures that are nowadays available to achieve this goal. A characterization of the different enzymes is also included. This is followed by an ample discussion of the possibilities and limitations in the application of those enzymes in phospholipid localization studies. Special emphasis is put on the experimental pitfalls which are inherent to the use of the phospholipases, since it appears that a great deal of the controversial results can be ascribed to the fact that those problems have not always been recognized. In order to appreciate the special features which are offered by these enzymes, a comparison is made with other techniques commonly used for the localization of phospholipids in biological membranes. The results obtained on artificial .
Susceptibility of microorganism to selected medicinal plants in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze in-vitro antimicrobial activities of some ethno-pharmacologically significant medicinal plants (methanol extract) against the pathogenic microorganisms ( Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. , Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans ). Methods The disc diffusion method was applied for antibacterial test and the poisoned food technique was applied for antifungal test. Results The methanol extract of Terminalia chebula (bark), Phyllanthus acidus (fruits), Sarcochlamys pulcherrima (leaves) and Abelmoschus esculentus (fruits) had significant in vitro antibacterial activity angainst the entire test samples in comparison to standard drug ciprofloxacin. Most of the plant extracts showed low activity against Gram negative bacteria while potential activity against Gram positive bacteria. The antifungal activities of methanol extracts of these plants and standard drug griseofulvin were determined against two pathogenic fungi, and Polygonum lapathifolium (leaves) and Cinnamomum tamala (leaves) showed maximum activity, while Erioglossum rubiginosum (leaves) showed no antifungal activity. Conclusions Further chemical and pharmacological investigations are required to identify and isolate chemical constituents responsible for these potential bioactivities and thus to determine their full spectrum of efficacy.
Development of a polymerase chain reaction protocol for detection of Xylella fastidiosa in plant tissue.

A 7.4-kb EcoRl fragment of genomic DNA of Xylella fastidiosa strain PCE-RR (ATCC 35879) was used as a probe and was conserved in 18 strains of Xylella. The nucleotide sequence of a 1.0-kb internal EcoRV portion of the fragment was determined, and oligonucleotides were selected for primers that amplified genomic DNA specific to X. fastidiosa in 33 strains tested by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Plant extracts for PCR -and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were obtained by maceration of grape petioles and by vacuum extraction of citrus stems. Known cell numbers of X. fastidiosa were added to the plant extracts contained in a succinate-citrate-phosphate buffer prior to assay [. ]