Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential protective role of Melilotus officinalis extract against Cisplatin –induced cardiac and pulmonary toxicities in rats

Cisplatin (Cis) is a chemotherapeutic drug that is currently used to treat a variety of cancers.However, intrinsic cardiac and pulmonary toxicities, as well as other adverse effects, limit its practical application. Because Melilotus officinalis (MO) extract contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities, the current study was conducted to investigate its protective effect on the heart and lung damage induced from administration of Cisplatin . Thirty rats were randomly divided into six groups (A,B,C,D,E,F) of 5 rats each; Group A was used as negative control and received only water; Group B was intraperitoneally (i.p) injected 5mg/kg of Cis once every 2 days for a total of 8 days (+ve Control); Groups C and D were given 100 and 200 mg of MO via oral administration, respectively, for 7 weeks and then exposed to i.p administration of 5mg/kg b.wt cisplatin on the 7 st week; Groups E and F received 5 mg/kg b.wt of cisplatin intraperitoneally and then orally received100 and 200 mg of MO for 7 weeks. The results indicated that cisplatin administration by rats of group B resulted in elevated levels of their LDH, CK, MDA, and TNF-and significant decreases in SOD levels in the heart tissues, as well as a significant decrease in lung GSH and Caspase-3 activity compared with control group (A). In groups C and D rats, pretreated with MO extract showed improvement in their investigated biochemical parameters. MO also showed improvements in histological structures of heart and lung damadge in rats of groups (C & D). Groups (F & D) showed no significant change in the examined biochemical parameters as well as histotlogical structure of damage heart and lungs compared with the positive control group (B). The present findings suggested that MO extract has a protective effect against cisplatin-induced cardiac and pulmonary damage.
The mediating effect of strategy on entrepreneurial orientation and performance

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on performance and mediation differentiation strategies and market development in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach This research was conducted using a survey method with a population of furniture SMEs in Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia using a sample area by collecting 158 questionnaires. The data analysis method used the partial least square. Findings The result shows that EO has an impact on differentiation, market development and performance. Differentiation strategies and market development mediate the influence of EO and performance. The differentiation strategy further mediates the influence of EO on market development and market development mediates the effect of differentiation on performance. Practical implications Managers instill entrepreneurial practice in the organization by proactively creating the market and taking high-risk jobs to provide quality products and services. SMEs require capabilities that are difficult to imitate in creating designs and product quality that are different, providing pre and post-sales services and maintaining good relationships with customers and partners. SMEs emphasize flexibility and speed of operation by adjusting the production process to short waiting times and reliable delivery. The government must support general training and market information, network development, access to capital and knowledge transfer. Originality/value This paper explains the importance of differentiation and market development strategies in determining the relationship between EO and performance that has not been explored in the context of SMEs in developing countries.
Crisis pressures and European integration

ABSTRACT Previous studies have applied theories of European integration to interpret crisis-led policymaking processes and integration outcomes in the EU. However, there has been little attempt to appraise the analytical leverage offered by major integration theories as a function of different crisis pressures. We theorize that diverse combinations of crisis pressures generate four decision-making scenarios in the EU, each of which can be ascribed to different combinations of analytical insights from neofunctionalism, intergovernmentalism, postfunctionalism, and federalism. We illustrate the value of our framework in relation to four EU crises concerning the euro area, refugees, Brexit and Covid-19. Overall, the paper makes a theoretical contribution to advance the debate on crisis-led integration in the EU.
Emotional Labor among Taiwanese Nurses

Background: Nursing staff is important health manpower in hospital. In order to provide a good quality of care to patients, nurses are indispensable. However, emotional labor may cause physical and psychological pressure on nurses and then affect the patient care. The study aims to investigate the correlations among the nurses’ status of emotional labor in order to suggest practical methods for their management, prevention, and reduction. Methods: This study was cross-sectional research design. A convenience sampling was used in a medical center located in Southern Taiwan. In this study, questionnaires such as demographic information, Emotional Labor Scale were distributed to 919 nurses. Results: The results showed nurses had high emotional labor (M=88, SD= 10.5). Age (r? .09, p? .01), and year of nursing experience (r? .10, p? .01), educational level (F? 2.59, p=.05), work unit (F? 6.48, p? .01? ), and work shift (F? 3.48, p? .01) was found to have positive and significant correlation with emotional labor. Discussion and Conclusions: The study results suggested that in order to improve the quality of medical service, nursing administrators should pay more attention to how to manage emotional relief and adaptation working stress, and improve health such as regularly exercise and so on.
Comparing pre/post item response curves to identify changes in misconceptions

We use quantitative measures and visual inspection to compare the item response curves (IRCs) of matched pre-/post-instruction Force Concept Inventory (FCI) data. We ﬁnd that the IRCs are not static; the pre-instruction IRCs differ from the post-instruction IRCs by more than can be explained by random chance. This result is also the case for a subpopulation consisting of students who make little or no gains on the FCI, suggesting that learning is taking place even when scores do not change appreciably. We consider three items where students make substantial progress (item 4) or little progress (items 14 and 21) compared to overall changes in FCI scores.
The Relationship Between Afterlife Beliefs and Mental Wellbeing Among Jordanian Muslim Youth

Despite the centrality of afterlife reward and punishment beliefs in the religious life of Muslims, few empirical studies have sought to understand how such beliefs affect the psychological state and social behavior of Muslims. Past scant related studies have concluded that these beliefs are unhealthy, because they are positively associated with anxiety and death anxiety. This finding contradicts a central notion in Islamic theology, which states that avoiding afterlife punishment and obtaining afterlife reward is the primary motive for Muslim religiosity. The current study attempts to deepen our understanding of how Islamic afterlife reward and punishment beliefs affect the psychological state of Muslims. The study suggests that the influence of Islamic afterlife beliefs on well-being can be better understood from the perspective of meaning management theory as well as through the eudaimonistic tradition of well-being. This study has two goals: To develop the Islamic Afterlife Reward and Punishment Beliefs (IARPB) scale, and to examine the relationship between IARPB and Muslim religiosity, death anxiety, death acceptance and integrity. Data were collected from Jordanian university students (N = 605). Exploratory and confirmatory analyses support the construct validity of the IARPB Scale. IARPB positively predicted Muslim religiosity, death anxiety, death acceptance, and integrity. Results of ad hoc analysis indicated that IARPB suppresses death anxiety and amplifies death acceptance by increasing Muslim religiosity. In general, the results indicate a positive relationship between IARPB and the psychological state of Muslims. The limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Majority rights and minority responsibilities: young people’s negotiations with human rights

This paper is a case study of student discussions of rights and responsibilities, which contributes to filling the existing knowledge gap on the topic. Tenth grade majority students who participated in three group discussions on inclusive citizenship spoke of rights as belonging to the majority or to the minoritised Other. In line with earlier research findings, students referenced human rights as national rights or values, while making explicit connections between majority rights and minority responsibilities and implicit references to the responsibility of the majority to protect minority rights. This analysis indicates a need in human rights education (HRE) for both legal literacy and a deeper discussion of human rights. This can, for example, be achieved through a focus on the local context so that young people may better understand minority barriers to rights, as well as the role of the majority in issues of social justice.
Trophic status of water and level of pollutants as measures of efficiency of water treatment regime at Kafr El-Shinawy drinking-water treatment plant, Damietta

This work aims to study the seasonal fluctuation in physicochemical characteristics, trophic status, and some chemical and biological pollutants influencing phytoplankton diversity, and water quality in raw and treated water at Kafr El-Shinawy drinking-water treatment plant, Damietta - Egypt seasonally during 2018. Phytoplankton distribution was affected by the trophic status of water, level of pollutants, and physicochemical treatment processes (coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation) of water. The predominance of phytoplankton species, especially Aphanizomenon flos aquae (Cyanophyta), Gomphosphaeria lacustris (Cyanophyta), Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanophyta), Nostoc punctiforme (Cyanophyta), Oscillatoria limnetica (Cyanophyta), Pediastrum simplex (Chlorophyta), and Melosira granulata (Bacillariophyta) in treated water was much less than in raw water. Trihalomethanes (THMs) levels in treated waters were higher than in raw water. On the contrary, lower concentrations of heavy metals were recorded in treated water. Phytoplankton cells exhibited a bioaccumulation capacity for heavy metals especially Mn, Zn, and Fe in both raw and treated water. Intracellular levels of microcystins were lower (0.003 - 0.011µg L−1) whereas the extracellular levels were higher (1.00 – 2.01 µg L−1) in treated water than raw water, and the former recorded the highest level in raw water during summer (1.3 µg L−1). Hence, the levels of dissolved microcystins and THMs in treated water were higher than the allowable limit, especially during summer, the season of luxurious growth of Microcystis species.
Coefficients estimate for a subclass of holomorphic mappings on the unit polydisk in Cn

The aim of this paper is to obtain the sharp solutions of Fekete-Szeg? problems of high dimensional version for family of holomorphic mappings that are normalized on the unit polydisk Un in Cn. The main results unify some recent works, which are closely related to the starlike mappings. Moreover, some previous results are improved.
An Analysis of Strategies for Teaching and Assessing Standards-Based Assessment Design to Preservice Teachers

Research consistently shows that solid assessment designs lead to better student learning outcomes. The development of well-designed assessments presents a challenge to preservice teachers in their attempts to master the process and to the teacher educators who instruct them. This exploratory study examined strategies for teaching assessment design utilized by 87 teacher educators in the United States. Analysis of the results showed that expository, collaborative, and hands-on approaches were used, with assessment approaches aligning to structured or unstructured approaches. Data also revealed that the participants tended to focus more on the vocabulary related to assessments rather than the strategies for design.
Incidence and Practice of Early Prone Positioning in Invasively Ventilated COVID-19 Patients—Insights from the PRoVENT-COVID Observational Study

We describe the incidence and practice of prone positioning and determined the association of use of prone positioning with outcomes in invasively ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a national, multicenter observational study, performed at 22 intensive care units in the Netherlands. Patients were categorized into 4 groups, based on indication for and actual use of prone positioning. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Secondary endpoints were 90-day mortality, and ICU and hospital length of stay. In 734 patients, prone positioning was indicated in 60%—the incidence of prone positioning was higher in patients with an indication than in patients without an indication for prone positioning (77 vs. 48%, p = 0.001). Patients were left in the prone position for median 15.0 (10.5–21.0) hours per full calendar day—the duration was longer in patients with an indication than in patients without an indication for prone positioning (16.0 (11.0–23.0) vs. 14.0 (10.0–19.0) hours, p < 0.001). Ventilator settings and ventilation parameters were not different between the four groups, except for FiO2 which was higher in patients having an indication for and actually receiving prone positioning. Our data showed no difference in mortality at day 28 between the 4 groups (HR no indication, no prone vs. no indication, prone vs. indication, no prone vs. indication, prone: 1.05 (0.76–1.45) vs. 0.88 (0.62–1.26) vs. 1.15 (0.80–1.54) vs. 0.96 (0.73–1.26) (p = 0.08)). Factors associated with the use of prone positioning were ARDS severity and FiO2. The findings of this study are that prone positioning is often used in COVID-19 patients, even in patients that have no indication for this intervention. Sessions of prone positioning lasted long. Use of prone positioning may affect outcomes.
Determinants of digitization in SMEs

The aim of the study is to present the conditions for introducing digitization in enterprises of the Polish SME sector, with particular emphasis on the changes brought about by the pandemic. The study analyses the degree of digitization which has taken place in the Polish economy in comparison with the EU average, with particular emphasis on SMEs, by making recourse to the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI). This study presents the results of my own research on the determinants of digitization in enterprises. The subject of the research was a group of enterprises classified as SMEs in Poland. The survey was conducted in March 2021 using electronic tools in the form of an online survey. After substantive and logical verification, 120 questionnaires were selected for further analysis.The analysis of enterprises from the SME sector showed that over 44% of enterprises operate on the basis of action plans not exceeding one year. This type of planning was particularly common in micro-enterprises employing up to 10 people and running a service activity. Digitization acted as an important process in the activities of the analysed enterprises. Every fifth surveyed enterprise had plans to invest in software and digital solutions for enterprises;and wanted to implement these plans within the next year. The most common area of activity and implementation of digital solutions was sales and distribution. This was due to the need during the pandemic to build new distribution channels for products or services through the increasingly important e-commerce market. Research has shown that the Covid situation has led to significant changes taking place in the economy of enterprises. More than half of the analysed enterprises indicated a lack of financial resources as a barrier when introducing cloud solutions.
Tires and Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy

Subscriber Category IB energy and environment Transportation Research Board publications are available by ordering individual publications directly from the TRB Business Office, through the Internet at www.TRB. org or national-academies.org/trb, or by annual subscription through organizational or individual affiliation with TRB. Affiliates and library subscribers are eligible for substantial discounts. Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to the procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council …
Optical Bench Analysis of 2 Depth of Focus Intraocular Lenses

Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the objective optical properties of 2 enhanced depth of focus (EDoF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) using optical bench analysis. Methods: This experimental study investigates 2 new EDoF IOLs, the Alcon AcrySof IQ Vivity and the Bausch & Lomb LuxSmart Crystal, on the optical bench, using OptiSpheric IOL PRO2 (Trioptics, Germany) in order to assess the optical quality according to ISO 11979 with ISO-2 Cornea. IOLs (power 22.0 D) were evaluated regarding modulation transfer function (MTF) at 50 lp/mm and Strehl ratio (SR) using a 3.0-mm and a 4.5-mm aperture. In addition, wavefront measurements were obtained using WaveMaster® IOL 2 device (Trioptics, Germany), and USAF targets were analyzed. Results: Centered: the MTF (mean) at 50 lp/mm (AcrySof IQ Vivity/LuxSmart Crystal) with 3.0 mm aperture was 0.250/0.257 and with 4.5 mm aperture 0.202/0.243. The SR (mean) with 3.0 mm aperture was 0.261/0.355 and with 4.5 mm aperture 0.176/0.206. Decentered by 1 mm: the MTF (mean) at 50 lp/mm (AcrySof IQ Vivity/LuxSmart Crystal) with 3.0 mm aperture was 0.266/0.247 and with 4.5 mm aperture 0.126/0.215. The SR (mean) with 3.0 mm aperture was 0.272/0.234 and with 4.5 mm aperture 0.133/0.183. Tilted by 5 degree: the MTF (mean) at 50 lp/mm (AcrySof IQ Vivity/LuxSmart Crystal) with 3.0 mm aperture was 0.221/0.360 and with 4.5 mm aperture 0.214/0.229. The SR (mean) with 3.0 mm aperture was 0.232/0.428 and with 4.5 mm aperture 0.225/0.229. The simulated visual function using USAF test targets showed corresponding qualitative results. Wavefront measurements proved a complex optical design. Higher order aberrations in the central part of the optics were modulated up to the 10th order to enhance the range of functional vision to near distance, leaving the peripheral parts of the optics aberration free or as aberration correcting. Conclusion: The diversity of EDOF IOLs, their optics, and their respective impact on the vision quality must be understood in order to select the appropriate IOL in each individual case. This analysis of new, innovative IOL optics based on increased negative spherical aberration may help the ophthalmic surgeon to select the IOL which meets the individual requirements of the patient for best postoperative outcomes. It seems that there is no perfect IOL that is equally suitable for all patients, but the right choice is an individual, customized approach dealing with patients’ expectations.
Performance of a Surrogate SARS-CoV-2-Neutralizing Antibody Assay in Natural Infection and Vaccination Samples

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-neutralizing antibody (NAb) production is a crucial humoral response that can reduce re-infection or breakthrough infection. The conventional test used to measure NAb production capacity levels is the live virus-neutralizing assay. However, this test must be conducted under biosafety level-3 containment. Pseudovirus or surrogate NAb tests, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibition tests, can be performed under level-2 containment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a surrogate SARS-CoV-2 NAb assay (sNAb) using samples from naturally infected individuals and vaccine recipients in comparison with the live virus microneutralization assay (vMN). Three hundred and eighty serum samples which were collected from 197 patients with COVID-19, 96 vaccine recipients and 84 normal individuals were analyzed. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the sNAb (iFlash-2019-NAb assay, Shenzhen, China) were 97.9%, 94.9%, 98.2%, and 93.8%, respectively. Agreement for the assay relative to vMN for naturally infected individuals and vaccine recipients were 98.5% and 93.9%, respectively. A correlation analysis between sNAb and the vMN for both of these groups yielded an R2 value of 0.83. The iFlash RBD NAb assay is found to be sensitive and reliable for neutralizing antibody measurement in patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease and those who have been vaccinated against it.