Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small-Sided Games versus Continuous Endurance Training in Female Handball Players

The main aim of the study was to compare the training methods of continuous endurance training versus handball small-sided games (SSGs) in female handball players during the preseason. Eighteen female handball players from a first league in the Czech Republic voluntarily participated in the study. They were divided into two groups (the SSG group [n = 9; age: 21.22 ± 3.03 years] and a running group (RG) [n = 9; age: 23.78 ± 3.77 years]). Both groups continued regular preseason training for six weeks. The SSG group played two small-sided games per week (a total of 12 games during the monitoring period) in their training sessions during the monitored six-week period. The RG ran twice per week, participating in continuous endurance training in the 12 training sessions during the monitored six-week period. Fitness tests (pretest/posttest) were performed prior to the six weeks of intervention and one week afterwards. The order of the fitness tests in sequence was as follows: 20-m and 30-m sprints, a Modified Agility T test (MAT), a Standing Long-Jump Test, ball-throwing velocity, and a Yo-Yo Intermittent Test level 1. In the SSG group, there was a significant improvement in the T test (p = 0.034), ball-throwing velocity (p = 0.019), and the Yo-Yo IR1 (p = 0.003) performance. The RG showed a significant improvement in the Standing Long-Jump Test (p = 0.049), ball-throwing velocity (p = 0.003), and the Yo-Yo IR1 (p = 0.003) performance. In conclusion, the SSGT method had a positive effect on female players’ MAT, ball-throwing velocity and YoYo IR1 results, and the CERT method had a significant effect only on the YoYo IR1 results. Handball SSGs are a more suitable training method due to exercise specificity.
Finite-thickness effect on speed of a counter-rotating vortex pair at high Reynolds numbers

We establish a general formula for the translational speed of a counter-rotating vortex pair, valid for thick cores, moving in an incompressible fluid with and without viscosity. We extend to higher order the method of matched asymptotic expansions developed by Ting and Tung (1965 Phys. Fluids 8 1039–51). The solution of the Euler or the Navier–Stokes equations is constructed in the form of a power series in a small parameter, the ratio of the core radius to the distance between the core centers. For a viscous vortex pair, the small parameter should be ν / Γ where ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid and Γ is the circulation of each vortex. A correction due to the effect of finite thickness of the vortices to the traveling speed makes its appearance at fifth order. A drastic simplification is achieved of expressing it solely in terms of the strength of the second-order quadrupole field associated with the elliptical deformation of the core. For a viscous vortex pair, we exploit the conservation law for the hydrodynamic impulse to derive the growth of the distance between the vortices, which is cubic in time.
Resistant Dermatophytosis, the Causative Species, and Treatment

Background: Dermatophytosis was a fungal infection caused by molds (dermatophytes). Dermatophytes are a group of closely related filamentous fungi able to damage and utilize keratin found in the skin, hair, and nails. Objective: To to isolate the species which cause resistant dermatophytosis, and clinical types of tinea, as well as to assess the response to different antifungal therapies. Patients and Methods: Ninety-two patients with different clinical types of tinea infections (ringworm) were seen in a private clinic in Baquba city for the period from May 2021 to December 2021, they were (42) females and (50) males, their ages ranged from (7-70) years with a mean age of (27.57±8) years. All patients were diagnosed clinically as ringworm and supported by isolation of the species from samples either by direct examination of samples or cultures on Sabouraud media, and the patients were treated by combination therapy of systemic and topical terbinafine and systemic azole (itraconazole capsules) for (1-3) months. Results: All patients complained of widespread and concomitant tinea. The most common causative dermatophytes species were Epidermopyton floccosum (44%) and Trichophyton rubrum (22%), less commonly Microsporum audouinii (9.8%), and the others as in Table (1). The most common clinical type was tinea pedis (29.3%) then tinea cruris (26.1%), tinea corporis (22.8%), and tinea ungum (20.7%) as in Table (2). All patients were cured on combination therapy of systemic (terbinafine and itraconazole) and topical (terbinafine). Five patients (5.4%) showed relapses of disease after discontinuation of therapy and retreated by the same method. Conclusion: Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton rubrum were the most common cause of resistant tinea. Terbinafine and itraconazole were good therapeutic options for the treatment of resistant tinea.
Measuring Chronic Stress in Broiler Chickens: Effects of Environmental Complexity and Stocking Density on Immunoglobulin-A Levels

Simple Summary The objective of this study was to determine how environmental complexity and stocking density impacted immunoglobulin-A (IgA) concentrations in fast-growing broiler chickens. We found that birds housed in complex environments had increased plasma IgA concentrations, suggesting that these birds experienced less chronic stress than birds in simple environments. Additionally, we found that birds raised in low-density environments showed increased concentrations of secretory IgA, suggesting that these birds experienced less chronic stress than birds in high-density environments. This indicates that plasma and secretory IgA concentrations in broiler chickens do respond to housing conditions. These measures of chronic stress show appropriate contrast when the statistical power is high. However, additional work needs to replicate outcomes under similar and different conditions before these measures can be routinely used to quantify chronic stress in broiler chickens. Abstract Commercial housing conditions may contribute to chronic negative stress in broiler chickens, reducing their animal welfare. The objective of this study was to determine how secretory (fecal) and plasma immunoglobulin-A (IgA) levels in fast-growing broilers respond to positive and negative housing conditions. In three replicated experiments, male Ross 708 broilers (n = 1650/experiment) were housed in a 2 × 2 factorial study of high or low environmental complexity and high or low stocking density. In experiments 1 and 3 but not in experiment 2, high complexity tended to positively impact day 48 plasma IgA concentrations. When three experiments were combined, high complexity positively impacted day 48 plasma IgA concentrations. Stocking density and the complexity × density interaction did not impact day 48 plasma IgA concentrations. Environmental complexity and the complexity × density interaction did not impact day 48 secretory IgA concentrations. A high stocking density negatively impacted day 48 secretory IgA concentrations overall but not in individual experiments. These results suggest that environmental complexity decreased chronic stress, while a high stocking density increased chronic stress. Thus, plasma IgA levels increased under high-complexity housing conditions (at day 48), and secretory IgA levels (at day 48) decreased under high-density conditions, suggesting that chronic stress differed among treatments. Therefore, these measures may be useful for quantifying chronic stress but only if the statistical power is high. Future research should replicate these findings under similar and different housing conditions to confirm the suitability of IgA as a measure of chronic stress in broiler chickens.
Low-mass dielectron measurement in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV with ALICE at the LHC

In ordinary matter, quarks and gluons are confined inside hadrons by the strong interaction. At extreme conditions of temperature and energy density, a new state of matter is formed, called quark-gluon plasma (QGP). This is made of deconfined quasi-free quarks and gluons. Based on the current cosmological picture, the quark-gluon plasma was the state of our universe few μs after the Big Bang. Moreover, there is evidence that a degenerate state of matter with similar properties to the QGP exists in the inner core of neutron stars and other compact astrophysical objects. Microscopic and extremely short-lived quantities of such a nuclear plasma can be created in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. Its properties can be studied through several experimental probes using dedicated detectors installed around the collision region. This interesting branch of research is part of the experimental program of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, where lead ion beams are accelerated to unprecedented energies. The QGP properties, in principle, can be described by Quantum-Chromo Dynamics (QCD), the quantum field theory of the strong interaction. However, a description of the system based on QCD first principles is extremely complicated due to the relatively low energy scale involved (compared to ΛQCD), which does not allow to solve the QCD equations using the perturbative approach. Further complications arise from many-body properties of QCD which are anyhow extremely interesting to explore. The deconfined medium created in heavy-ion collisions rapidly evolves, passing through several thermodynamic stages. According to the overall picture of the space-time evolution of the collision, the system quickly approaches local thermal equilibrium. This phase is followed by a rapid expansion, which is usually described by relativistic hydrodynamics. During the system expansion, its temperature and density decrease until quarks and gluons recombine into hadrons. After hadronization, the interactions in the hot and dense gas of hadrons are described using phenomenological transport models. In this stage, the particle density further decreases until all interactions cease at the so-called freeze-out, after which the particles produced propagate freely into the vacuum. Photons and dileptons are unique tools to study the properties of heavy-ion collisions.
The potential protective effect of stevia rebaudiana on dexamethasone-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats: Role of PPAR-α

Background: Currently, using medicinal herbs has a great interest in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study evaluated the impact of stevia on the hallmark signs of dexamethasone-induced NAFLD in rats. Methods: Group I: Negative control rats received 2 ml of vehicle carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC). Group II: Rats received dexamethasone 8 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal for 6 days. Group III: Rats received oral stevia extract 400 mg/kg/day for 12 days. Group IV: Rats received dexamethasone + stevia extract. Serum ALT, AST, TC, TG and adiponectin were measured. MDA, GPx and TNF-α were estimated in liver homogenate. Histopathological changes and PPAR-α expressions in the liver were evaluated. Results: Dexamethasone caused a reduction in GPx and ADP levels with an elevation in ALT, AST, TC, TG, MDA and TNF-α. There was a decrease in immunostaining expression of liver PPAR-α. Stevia caused an improvement in liver enzymes, lipid profile, oxidative stress, TNF-α and adiponectin levels. Conclusion: Stevia provided some protection against dexamethasone-induced NAFLD.
Subgroups of mapping class groups and braid groups

This thesis studies the subgroup structure of mapping class groups. We use techniques that fall into two categories: analysing the group action on a family of simplicial complexes, and investigating regular, finite-sheeted covering spaces. We use the first approach to prove that a wide class of normal subgroups of mapping class groups of punctured surfaces are geometric, that is, they have the extended mapping class group as their group of automorphisms, expanding on work of BrendleMargalit. For example, we determine that every member of the Johnson filtration is geometric. By considering punctured spheres, we also establish the automorphism groups of many normal subgroups of the braid group. The second approach is to relate subgroups of each of the mapping class groups associated to a covering space, namely, the liftable and symmetric mapping class groups. Given that the two surfaces have boundary, we consider covers in which either every mapping class lifts or every mapping class is fibre-preserving. We classify all covers that fall into one of these cases. In Chapter 1 we recall some preliminaries before stating the main results of the thesis. We then extend Brendle-Margalit's definition of complexes of regions to surfaces with punctures. Chapter 2 proves that the automorphism group of a complex of regions is the extended mapping class group, resolving in part a metaconjecture of N. V. Ivanov. In Chapter 3 we construct a complex of regions associated to a general normal subgroup of a mapping class group of a surface with punctures. We then apply the main result of the previous chapter to establish that such a normal subgroup is geometric. Finally, Chapter 4 presents joint work with Tyrone Ghaswala. We give a proof of the Birman-Hilden Theorem for surfaces with boundary and then prove the classifications of regular, finite-sheeted covering spaces of surfaces with boundary discussed above. We conclude by investigating an infinite family of branched covers of the disc. This family induces embeddings of the braid group into mapping class groups. We prove that each of these embeddings maps a standard generator of the braid group to a product of Dehn twists about curves forming a chain, providing an answer to a question of Wajnryb.
The Extent to Which Textbooks Fulfill the Requirements of Digital Transformation in Accounting and Auditing

Purpose: The study aimed to determine how well textbooks meet the demands of accounting industries' transition to the digital age. To determine how well texts, meet the needs of auditing industries' growth to the digital age and to investigate the extent to which the books fulfill the requirements for digital transformation in accounting and auditing. Theoretical framework: The study's theoretical framework depended on an analysis of the past reviews done by researchers in their literature reviews. It was to show if the textbooks met the demands of a smooth transition of workers from the traditional to the digital age in the accounting and auditing fields. Many past reviews by researchers concluded that textbooks are among the top three resources used in both departments depending a lot on books. Methodology: The methodology used was content analysis, where 21 sources were reviewed. Literature research dates back to the 1960s, but critical articles were chosen from 2018 to the present, considering the advancement in technology and computers, which have impacted the world in numerous ways. Computers are fast, easy, and reliable, but textbooks are still the traditional source of information used in many curriculums across continents. The American Educational Research Association's journals (ERIC) database was used. References found online through Google Scholar and JSTOR searches and reference lists from the digitalization of accounting and auditing periodicals were also used. Findings: The findings from the 21 sources included all of the textbooks that had IT-related topics on accounting. The research suggested a slight emphasis on IT developments in management accounting, auditing fields, and financial accounting, which is consistent with our assumptions. Only 5 of the chosen textbooks in financial accounting addressed IT-related topics. The general coverage of IT advancements in the selected auditing textbook examples differs significantly from that of financial accounting and management accounting textbooks. In the past, it has been expected that most auditing textbooks will at least address computer-assisted audit techniques and technologies (CAAT). Research, practical and social implications: Considering the social implications and the practicality of the research, stakeholders and government agencies should push for policies that would ensure a proper transition to digitization for all its citizens to understand their work better. Originality/value: The novelty and worth were evaluated. Twenty-one books on financial accounting, managerial accounting, and auditing make up the sample. According to actual research, technology improvements and related topics are rarely covered in accounting degrees. Evidence from this study's analysis of the relevant literature indicates that accounting and auditing schools' textbooks ought to devote more time to IT-related issues
Sensor and actuator placement trade-offs for a linear model of spatially developing flows

We consider feedback flow control of the linearised complex Ginzburg–Landau system. The particular focus is on any trade-offs present when placing a single sensor and a single actuator. The work is presented in three parts. First, we consider the estimation problem in which a single sensor is used to estimate the entire flow field (without any control). Second, we consider the full information control problem in which the entire flow field is known, but only a single actuator is available for control. By considering the optimal sensor placement and optimal actuator placement while varying the stability of the system, a fundamental trade-off for both problems is made clear. Third, we consider the overall feedback control problem in which only a single sensor is available for measurement; and only a single actuator is available for control. By varying the stability of the system, similar fundamental trade-offs are made clear. We discuss implications for effective feedback control with a single sensor and a single actuator and compare it to previous placement methods.
Does Capital Structure Impact Financial Performance? (Banking Enterprise in ASEAN 2017- 2021)

This study intends to investigate how capital structure affects the financial health of ASEAN banking organizations. Demands for improving banking performance must always be carried out so that their survival can be maintained properly. A company's financial performance is influenced by various factors, and capital structure is one of them. The sample used in this study is the ranking of the top 10 banking companies with the largest assets in ASEAN in 2021 during the 2017-2021 period. The dependent variable in this study is financial performance which is proxied by ROA, ROE, and Tobin's Q. Leverage, DER, and collateralizable assets are used as proxies for the independent variable, capital structure. The method used in this research is panel data regression analysis. The results of this study are that there is a negative effect of leverage on ROA, DER has no effect on ROA, CA has a positive effect on ROA, Leverage has a positive effect on ROE, DER has a negative effect on ROE, CA has a positive effect on ROE, leverage has a positive effect on Tobin's q, DER and CA has no effect on Tobin's q.
The evolution of a front in turbulent thermal wind balance. Part 1. Theory

Here, we examine the influence of small-scale turbulence on the evolution of fronts in the ocean and atmosphere. Specifically, we consider the evolution of an initially balanced density front subject to an imposed viscosity and diffusivity as a simple analogue for small-scale turbulence. At late times, the dominant balance is found to be the quasisteady turbulent thermal wind balance with time evolution due to an advection–diffusion balance in the buoyancy equation. We use the leading-order balance to determine analytical similarity solutions for the spreading of a front and find that the spreading rate is maximum for an intermediate value of the Ekman number, with the spreading resulting from shear dispersion associated with the cross-front flow and vertical diffusion of density. In response to shear dispersion, the front evolves towards a density profile that is nearly linear in the cross-front coordinate. At the edges of the frontal zone, the density field develops large curvature, and these regions are associated with narrow bands of intense vertical velocity.
Predicting electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave amplitude from unstable ring current plasma conditions

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the Earth's inner magnetosphere are enhanced fluctuations driven unstable by ring current ion temperature anisotropy. EMIC waves can resonate with relativistic electrons and play an important role in precipitation of MeV radiation belt electrons. In this paper, we investigate the excitation and saturation of EMIC instability in a homogeneous plasma using both linear theory and nonlinear hybrid simulations. We have explored a four‐dimensional parameter space, carried out a large number of simulations, and derived a scaling formula that relates the saturation EMIC wave amplitude to initial plasma conditions. Such scaling can be used in conjunction with ring current models like ring current‐atmosphere interactions model with self‐consistent magnetic field to provide global dynamic EMIC wave maps that will be more accurate inputs for radiation belt modeling than statistical models.
Numerical modelling of two-dimensional melt fracture instability in viscoelastic flow

Computationally modelling the two-dimensional (2-D) Poiseuille flow along and outside a straight channel with a differential viscoelastic constitutive equation, we demonstrate unstable dynamics involving bifurcations from steady flow to periodic melt fracture (sharkskin instability) and its further transition regime to a chaotic state. The numerical simulation first exposes transition from steady flow to a weak instability of periodic fluctuation, and in the middle of this periodic limit cycle (in the course of increasing flow intensity) a unique bifurcation into the second steady state is manifested. Then, a subcritical (Hopf) transition restoring this stable flow to stronger periodic instability follows, which results from the high stress along the streamlines of finite curvature with small vortices near the die lip. Its succeeding chaotic transition at higher levels of flow elasticity that induces gross melt fracture, seems to take a period doubling as well as quasiperiodic route. By simple geometrical modification of the die exit, we, as well, illustrate reduction or complete removal of sharkskin and melt fractures. The result as a matter of fact suggests convincing evidence of the possible cause of the sharkskin instability and it is thought that this fluid dynamic transition has to be taken into account for the complete description of melt fracture. The competition between nonlinear dynamic transition and other possible origins such as wall slip will ultimately determine the onset of the sharkskin and melt fractures. Therefore, the current study conceivably provides a robust methodology to portray every possible type of melt fracture if combined with an appropriate mechanism that also results in flow instability.
Investigating the effectiveness of flipped learning on enhancing students’ English language skills

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of utilizing flipped classrooms on seventh graders' English language skills (reading comprehension, writing, listening, and speaking) and areas (grammar and vocabulary) at Farahat Secondary Girls' School. The researchers chose two 7th classes for the study, and then the flipped learning was implemented with the experimental group, while the control group had traditional learning. According to data collection, the researchers used a pretest and a posttest to measure the students' achievements after 9 weeks of flipping the classrooms, which were executed on 36 female students. Then, a semi-structured interview was conducted to draw a clear picture of flipped learning. The major findings of the study revealed that there were significant differences in English language skills and areas between both groups. The experimental group achieved higher scores than the control one, and the most prominent improved skills are listening, speaking, and communication.