Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Satisfaction Regarding Maternity Services Among Postnatal Mothers in a Tertiary Hospital of Kathmandu

Background: Maternal satisfaction towards care provided during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium is one of the key outcome measures for quality of care. In order to provide satisfactory maternity services health workers should focus on mother-friendly care. Various factors may affect on mothers' satisfaction regarding maternity services.The objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting satisfaction regarding maternity services among postnatal mothers. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in postnatal ward of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. A total of 180 postnatal mothers were purposively selected for the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional review committee of Kathmandu Medical College. Face to face interview technique was used to collect the data using pre – designed structured questionnaire. Data collection was done from June to July 2019. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science 20.0 version. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: Majority (83.9%) of the mothers were satisfied with overall maternity services. The level of satisfaction was higher in (82.8%) environmental factor, (80%) health care delivery system of hospital and (73.3%) communication. There was significant association between sexes of current child with maternal satisfaction. Mothers having current child male were more satisfied with maternity services provided by the hospital (COR: 4.90 with 95% CI: 1.97, 12.18). Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of postnatal mothers were satisfied with maternity services provided at hospital. Current child male was significantly associated with satisfaction level of mothers on maternity services.
Seasonal growth and reproduction biology of the Baltic prawn, Palaemon adspersus (Decapoda: Palaemonidae), in the southern Black Sea

Seasonal growth pattern and reproductive biology of the Baltic prawn, Palaemon adspersus, were studied in the southern Black Sea between February 2002 and January 2004. The seasonal von Bertalanffy growth parameters, computed from monthly length–frequency distributions, were estimated as L∞ = 62.99 mm TL, K = 1.190 year−1, C = 0.815, and WP = 0.847 for females and as L∞ = 49.63 mm TL, K = 1.085 year−1, C = 0.011, and WP = 0.407 for males. Growth performance index of females (Φ′ = 3.67) was greater than it was for males (Φ′ = 3.43). Based on latitudinal gradients, water temperature negatively affected Φ′ of P. adspersus. Sexual dimorphism in size was evident, females being larger than males. This typically shallow water species was observed in water depths as deep as 30 m. Compared to shallower water depths, larger individuals were observed in deeper water depths. The size at sexual maturity for females (TL50) was estimated as 53.60 mm TL. Ovigerous females were recorded from March to August and juveniles appeared in the benthic population in August. Ovary development was related to photoperiod and occurrence of ovigerous females was linked to increased water temperature.
Genetic studies on reproduction traits in crossbred cattle.

The present study was conducted on 782 crossbred cows sired by 35 bulls, maintained over the period from 1985 to 2009. The data was analyzed for estimation of averages, effect of period and season of calving, heritability and genetic and phenotypic correlations. The economic traits studied were age at first calving (AFC; days), first calving interval (FCI; days), first service period (FSP; days) and first dry period (FDP; days). The averages for AFC, FCI, FSP and FDP were 1213.54±8.85, 420.08±3.41, 131.26±3.15 and 105.00±2.73 days, respectively. Effect of period of calving was significant (P<0.05) for all the economic traits. Effect of season of calving was significant for all the economic traits (FCI, FDP and FSP) except AFC. It may be inferred that maximizing the number of calvings between October and March may be exploited to utilize the genetic potential of crossbred cattle for all the traits. High estimates of heritability were obtained for all the traits except FCI. Genetic correlations of AFC with all other traits were very low. It may be inferred from the estimates of heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations that age at first calving with other production traits may be used in simultaneous selection for overall improvement in traits of economic importance. India has witnessed a white revolution in eighties and nineties of the last century, which is largely due to manifold increase in milk production attributed largely to crossbred cows. Cross breeding of indigenous cows (Bos indicus) with exotic (Bos taurus) bulls was started to enhance genetic potential of milk production. The basic theme was to confluence the milk yield potential of exotic breeds and stress sustainability and disease resistance capabilities of indigenous breeds within the crossbred progenies, which would be desirable to maintain them under tropical climatic conditions. For establishing any selection or breeding programme the knowledge of genetic properties of traits of economic importance is the pre-requisite. It is therefore, essential to understand the genetic and phenotypic association among these traits and the extent to which the genetic variation exist in them. Genetic improvement of a population under selection is highly dependent on heritability of each trait. Estimation of genetic parameters is essential in animal breeding and genetics because these are location and time-specific and it may not be appropriate to apply estimates from other populations. Additionally, differences in management, feeding conditions and statistical methodology as well, may offer different results.Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters of different reproduction traits and to evaluate the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on these traits.
Maternally derived androgens and antioxidants in bird eggs: complementary but opposing effects?

Maternally derived traits, such as within-clutch variation in the amount of testosterone deposited in egg yolks, may have profound effects on offspring fitness. Offspring with elevated levels of testosterone may benefit from increased competitive ability through effects on aggression and growth rate. However, elevated levels of testosterone are also associated with costs of increased peroxidative damage from free radicals and consequent oxidative stress. Diet-derived antioxidants, such as vitamin E and various carotenoids, provide protection against the deleterious effects of oxidative stress. Here we show that within-clutch variation in yolk testosterone is the opposite to that of yolk antioxidant concentration in the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus. We provide evidence that suggests that these two direct maternal effects are, in fact, complementary and, in conjunction with an indirect maternal effect (the onset of incubation), may provide an adaptive mechanism for parental favoritism in response to environmental variability. The potential implications of these findings with respect to previous investigations on variation in yolk testosterone concentrations and on the understanding of intrafamilial dynamics are discussed.
Recruitment of Cassin's Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus): Individual Age and Parental Age Effects

ABSTRACT. Recruitment is an important aspect of life history that is difficult to estimate without long-term data. We used 28 years of data to create multistate capture—mark—recapture models with maturity status as state to provide estimates of age-dependent probabilistic recruitment (transition from juvenile to breeder state) of Cassin's Auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) breeding at Southeast Farallon Island, California. We found strong evidence for age effects in recruitment and survival, but not in breeding propensity. We also examined parental-age effects on return rate of offspring. Although an average of 70% of a cohort begins breeding by age 4, fledglings from 2- to 4-year-old mothers were less likely to become breeders than fledglings produced by older mothers. This may be attributable to age-related differences in egg production and maternal offspring-rearing abilities that could contribute to differences in fledgling recruitment rates. Eggs of younger mothers had lower volume and their fledglings had lower mass than those of older mothers. We suggest that researchers, managers, and population modelers consider the possibility that young breeding birds that successfully fledge young do not always produce viable offspring that will become breeders.
CD133 Staining Detects Acute Kidney Injury and Differentiates Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma from Other Renal Tumors

CD133 has recently been characterized as a progenitor cell marker in the kidney. However, the expression of this marker has not been thoroughly investigated in kidney injury and variants of renal tumors for pathology practice. We quantified CD133 expression in kidney biopsies from patients with acute renal failure and compared staining intensity with serum creatinine levels. CD133 expression levels were also evaluated in several subtypes of renal neoplasms. Normal adult renal parenchyma showed CD133 expression in parietal epithelium and in less than 5% of the epithelial cells in proximal and distal nephron tubules. However, CD133 was diffusely upregulated in the injured proximal and distal tubular epithelium and the CD133 expression scores in renal tubules were significantly correlated with serum creatinine levels. Amongst the renal tumors, CD133 was diffusely expressed in clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma but was only focally present in other types of renal tumors. In summary, CD133 is a useful marker to detect renal tubular injury and to differentiate clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma from other tumor types.
EFFECT OF MUTAGENS ON SEED GERMINATION, PLANT SURVIVAL AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS OF HORSEGRAM (Macrotyloma uniflorum (LAM.) VERDC)

Seeds of horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc) cv. Dapoli Kulthi-1 and cv. Rajapur5 were treated with various doses/ concentrations of gamma radiation (100 to 400Gy), EMS (0.2 to 0.5%) and their combinations. The physiological effects on seed germination (7 days) and plant survival at 45 days after sowing were investigated. Gradual reduction in seed germination and plant survival was recorded with increase in dose / concentration of mutagens. Lower doses of gamma rays 100Gy (89.3%), EMS 0.2% (86.2%) and in combination 100Gy + 0.2% (85.6%) showed highest germination percentage in cv. Dapoli Kulthi1. In cv. Rajapur5 highest germination percentage was recorded in 100Gy (87.3%), EMS0.2% (85.2%) and in combination 200Gy + 0.2%EMS (82.17%). The survival percent in both cultivars of horsegram was decreased as the dose of gamma radiation increased. Significant reduction in survival percentage was observed at the higher doses (400Gy) of gamma radiation, EMS (0.5%) and in their combination (400 + 0.5%EMS). Various micromutations with respect to quantitative characters were scored in M1 population. For both cultivars almost all the mutagenic treatments (except very few) caused decrease in plant height, primary branches per plant, days required for first flowering, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod and seed yield per plant during M1.
Non-uniform scaling in phytoplankton growth rate due to intracellular light and CO2 decline

Scaling laws are central to relate ecological and physiological traits in unicellular autotrophs. Classical uniform scaling applied to phytoplankton maximum growth rate (mmax), however, meets several theoretical and empirical limitations. As an alternative model, I propose a non-uniform size dependency of mmax by considering how the geometry of unicells determines photosynthetic capacity. The model starts from physical laws of absorption and diffusion and uses known biochemical or biophysical coefficients. Calculated intracellular light and CO2 levels decline from the membrane to the cell centre, which may depress photosynthesis even under optimal growth conditions. Combination of the depletion model with a mechanistically motivated scaling rule for respiration generates a uni-modal size function for mmax. The function greatly improves predictions of classical allometries, in particular, for small cells and across taxonomic groups. Uni-modality in mmax has various implications for phytoplankton eco-physiology and morphology, correctly describing the absence of very small diatoms or giant green algae. For larger size classes, an increased benefit of non-spherical forms or of elevated pCO2 is calculated, whereas the advantage of carbon concentrating mechanisms turns out to be maximal for intermediate sizes. The model also points to a high degree of co-adaptation in different uptake systems.
Trypanosoma ontarioensis n.sp. and T. paddae from Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos in Ontario, Canada, with notes on the biology of T. ontarioensis n.sp.

Two morphologically distinct trypanosomes (Trypanosoma ontarioensis n.sp. and Trypanosoma paddae) were found by the haematocrit centrifuge technique in the blood of 53% (64 of 121) of Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos wintering in southern Ontario. Trypanosoma ontarioensis n.sp. is a small trypanosome with subterminal kinetoplast. It is monomorphic and not host specific. It was readily cultured in diphasic blood-agar medium. Two-week cultures were infective and contained dividing sphaeromastigotes, epimastigotes, and trypomastigotes. Blood trypomastigotes were detected in low numbers in the blood of inoculated birds (Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos, Bonasa umbellus, Gallus domesticus, Melopsittacus undulatus, and Serinus canarius) at 28 and 48 days postinfection. The crows, ruffed grouse, and domestic chicks were laboratory raised while the budgerigars and canaries were from pet stores. One canary that was further examined at 180, 360, 540, 730, and 910 days postinfection still had detectable numb.
Short-term reactions and long-term responses of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to remote biopsy sampling

We analyse short-term individual and group behavioural reactions and long-term individual responses of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in New Zealand to remote skin biopsy sampling. The biopsy system employed uses a small stainless steel tip (5-mm diameter, 9-mm length) mounted on a lightweight polycarbonate projectile, fired from a modified veterinary rifle with adjustable pressure. Individual and group behavioural reactions were scored on a 5-point scale from 0 (no reaction) to 5 (strenuous reaction). A total of 187 individual and 145 group behavioural reactions were recorded from the Bay of Islands subpopulation, while 38 individual and 39 group behavioural reactions were recorded from the Doubtful Sound subpopulation. Short-term reactions (<1 min duration) were ranked from low or mild (levels 1–2), as evidenced by startle responses, to moderate (level 3), as evidenced by multiple leaps of the sampled individual. Most attempts (99%) resulted in only mild reactions with only two attempts resulting in moderate reactions. There were no strenuous reactions by individuals or groups and no significant differences in behavioural reactions between the two subpopulations. Analyses of resighting rates and capture probabilities based on individual identification records for 40 of the biopsied dolphins showed no evidence of long-term avoidance responses. Wound healing was documented in for 10 dolphins across periods of 3 days to 7 months. Results reported here agree with previous findings showing that remote biopsy sampling causes only short-term reactions in both the targeted individual and its group.
Effects of Natural Enemy Biodiversity on the Suppression of Arthropod Herbivores in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Claims about the role of predator diversity in maintaining ecosystem function and providing ecosystem services such as pest control are controversial, but evaluative tests are beginning to accumulate. Empirical and experimental comparisons of species-rich versus species-poor assemblages of entomophagous arthropods and vertebrates range from strong suppression to facilitative release of herbivorous arthropod prey. Top-down control can be strengthened when natural enemies complement each other, dampened by negative interactions, balanced by both factors, and driven by single influential species. A meta-analytic synthesis shows a significant overall effect of enemy richness increasing top-down control of herbivores, which is consistent in agricultural studies conducted in tropical versus temperate zones, in studies using caged versus open-field designs, but not so in nonagricultural habitats. Synthetic analyses address theory and help set precautionary policy for conserving ecological services broadly, while characterizing uncertainty associated with herbivore response to changes in enemy diversity.
Proteins in aqueous solution under high frequency electromagnetic field: viscoelastic approximation of a complex system

Proteins in aqueous solution are complex systems that are made of many interacting and non-interacting elements whose behavior can be predictable upon the application of non-linear models. The aim of this study was to show that this complex system behaves like a viscoelastic system under exposure to high frequency electromagnetic (HF-EMF). To this aim, typical proteins in water solution were exposed for 3 h to a high frequency electromagnetic field at the power density of 1 W/m 2 . Proteins α-helices aligned along the direction of the field and the integrated areas of proteins β-sheet content increased linearly as a function of proteins dipole moment. This result can be explained assuming that proteins in aqueous solution under HF-EMF behave like a viscoelastic system.
Changes in body temperature influence the scaling of and aerobic scope in mammals

Debate on the mechanism(s) responsible for the scaling of metabolic rate with body size in mammals has focused on why the maximum metabolic rate () appears to scale more steeply with body size than the basal metabolic rate (BMR). Consequently, metabolic scope, defined as /BMR, systematically increases with body size. These observations have led some to suggest that and BMR are controlled by fundamentally different processes, and to discount the generality of models that predict a single power-law scaling exponent for the size dependence of the metabolic rate. We present a model that predicts a steeper size dependence for than BMR based on the observation that changes in muscle temperature from rest to maximal activity are greater in larger mammals. Empirical data support the model's prediction. This model thus provides a potential theoretical and mechanistic link between BMR and .
Microfluidic PCR‐based target enrichment: A case study in two rapid radiations of Commiphora (Burseraceae) from Madagascar

Developing effective and cost‐efficient multilocus nuclear datasets for angiosperm species is a continuing challenge to the systematics community. Here we describe the development and validation of a novel set of 91 nuclear markers for PCR‐based target enrichment. Using microfluidic PCR and Illumina MiSeq, we generated nuclear, subgenomic libraries for 96 species simultaneously and sequenced them for a total cost of ca. $6000 USD. Approximately half of these costs include reusable reagents (primers, barcodes, and custom sequencing primers) and taxon sampling could be increased by an order of magnitude to maximize sequencing depth efficiency. The principle benefit of microfluidic PCR over alternative target enrichment strategies is that it bypasses costly library preparation. After sequencing, we evaluated the ability of the loci to resolve species level relationships within two recently radiated lineages of endemic Madagascan Commiphora Jacq. (Burseraceae) species. Our results demonstrate that (i) effective nuclear markers can be designed for non‐model angiosperm taxa from these publicly available datasets; (ii) that microfluidic PCR amplification followed by high throughput sequencing can produce highly complete taxon by locus sequence data matrices with minimal resource investment; and (iii) that these numerous nuclear phylogenomic markers can improve our understanding of phylogenetic relationships within Commiphora. We provide a synopsis of ongoing activities to enhance this microfluidic PCR‐based target enrichment strategy through broader primer assays, multiplexing, and increased efficiency of sequencing depth.
Fecal counts of lungworm larvae and reproductive effort in bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis

Because parasite resistance and reproduction require metabolic resources, life-history models predict a tradeoff between current reproduction and parasite load. These tradeoffs have been widely studied in birds, but few studies have been conducted on mammals. We monitored lungworm (Protostrongylus spp.) larvae counts in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) over four years to examine how individual differences in fecal output of lungworm larvae (LPG) by yearlings and adults were affected by season, sex, body mass, age and reproductive effort. We also compared lamb mass at six months and LPG. Overall, we found that LPG varies seasonally, peaking in females prior to lambing and in males during the rut. Age had no effect on LPG for either sex. During autumn, we found no effect of age or mass on LPG for sheep one year and older. Lamb body size or sex did not affect LPG. Females that weaned a lamb had higher counts than females that did not produce a lamb or females whose lamb died during summer. For rams, social rank and testosterone levels were not related to LPG but LPG increased with time spent searching for estrous ewes during the rut. Our results suggest a tradeoff between parasite resistance and reproductive effort in bighorn sheep of both sexes.
Antioxidant potential of ethanol extract of Brassica rapa L. root

Brassica rapa L. (turnip) roots were extracted with 70% ethanol, and then sequentially fractionated into n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions. The ethanol extract possessed antioxidant potentials such as free radical scavenging, nitrite scavenging, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities as well as reducing power. Among solvent fractions of turnip roots extract, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited significantly high activities in free radical scavenging (p < 0.05), reducing power (p < 0.001), and lipid peroxidation inhibition (p < 0.05) due to the highest level of total phenolic content. The antioxidant potential showed a positive correlation with total phenolic content. Key words: Brassica rapa L. , ethanol extract, antioxidant potential, total phenolic content.