Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Connections Between Daily Surface Temperature Contrast and CO2 Flux Over a Tibetan Lake: A Case Study of Ngoring Lake

To get a deep understand of the carbon cycle of Tibetan lakes, the CO2 flux over Ngoring Lake (NL), a large freshwater lake in the source region of the Yellow River, was monitored from 2011 to 2013 using an eddy covariance system. Based on the monthly mean CO2 flux, NL was a significant sink of atmospheric CO2 in 2012, with the greatest negative (downward) CO2 flux of −0.83 (±0.27) g C m−2 d−1 occurring in October. While in 2011 and 2013, NL was in quasi‐equilibrium with atmospheric CO2. The process controlling the daily variation in the CO2 flux was investigated using statistical analysis. The daily mean of the surface wind speed was significantly correlated with the observed daily CO2 flux. Under the assumption that the vertical gradient in the CO2 concentration near the water surface varied slowly, this correlation confirms the rationality of using the surface wind to express the gas transfer velocity. Following this consideration, because the thermal contrast between NL and the surrounding grassland was also significantly correlated with the daily CO2 flux, a new parameterization scheme of k600 is suggested in this study. Potential mechanisms for the coupling process between the surface wind and the thermal contrast of the lake are discussed. Based on the surface energy balance analysis, the heat storage rate of the lake played different roles in the CO2 fluxes during the three years, depending on the CO2 saturation of the lake water. The process controlling the monthly mean CO2 flux was also investigated.
A validated combined musculotendon path and muscle-joint kinematics model for the human hand

Abstract Neuromusculoskeletal models provide a mathematical tool for understanding and simulating human motor control and neuromechanics. In this work, we propose a combined computational model for the musculotendon paths and muscle-joint kinematics for the human hand, including all extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. This model is implemented based on the anatomical descriptions and a human hand dissection study. The model takes joint angles as input and estimates the musculotendon lengths, length change rates, and excursion moment arms. The proposed model is simulated to generate according moment arms, which are compared with cadaver measurements available from literature in terms of similarity coefficient s. For most muscles compared, high similarity with for 92% of cases is achieved between the modeled and the measured moment arms. These results suggest the correctness of modeled moment arms and imply the feasibility of modeled musculotendon paths, lengths, and length change rates.
High Rates of Deep Earthquake Dynamic Triggering in the Thermal Halos of Subducting Slabs

Observations of remote dynamic triggering of intermediate and deep (I&D) earthquakes can potentially clarify the faulting process but have not been systematically compiled. We relocate earthquakes following the two largest recent deep earthquakes with a multiple‐event location algorithm and compile a comprehensive catalog of dynamically triggered I&D earthquakes from 1964 to 2015. We find 119 large I&D earthquakes that likely dynamically triggered aftershocks at distances between two mainshock fault lengths and 400 km during the first 4 days following these mainshocks. Dynamic triggering is more common for deep than for intermediate depth earthquakes and is overrepresented in areas with low seismicity that are adjacent to slabs, which suggest that subducting slabs in the transition zone are surrounded by material that is critically stressed but warm enough to inhibit rupture initiation. The passage of seismic waves may initiate runaway ductile shear failure, which nucleates over a period of minutes to days.
Diferentes niveles de expresión de ALDH1A1 y DYRK1B en pacientes con glioblastoma multiforme y su tiempo de sobrevida.

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant form of central nervous system astrocytoma. The overall survival median in patients with glioblastoma is 12 to 16 months after undergoing resection surgery, chemo radiotherapy and adjuvant treatment; However, it is still not clear what molecular factors are involved in the determination of overall survival. Recent reports show a specific isoform of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A1), a protein that participates in cellular metabolic processes, as a potential biomarker in glioblastoma. In this study, we identify, and evaluate the expression of ALDH1A1 in biopsies of glioblastoma from Mexican patients, using immunohistochemical dyes, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and mass spectroscopy analyses. On the other hand, we also use immunohistochemical detection to analyze the presence of DYRK1B, a kinase involved in the regulation of tumor progression and in the regulation of the cell cycle. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the histological expression, as well as the expression pattern of both protein ALDH1A1 and DIRK1B had a relevant correlation with overall survival of glioblastoma patients. We found different expression patterns and observed that both ALDH1A1 and DYRK1B have expression patterns that are very similar to each other and show an important correlation with the overall survival of patients. These findings allow us to consider the expression levels of ALDH1A1 and DYRK1B as possible prognostic factors in the diagnosis, or possible biomarkers for survival time in patients with glioblastoma.
Circulating Tumor DNA Predicts the Response and Prognosis in Patients With Early Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

PURPOSE Many patients with breast cancer still relapse after curative treatment. How to identify the ones with high relapse risk remains a critical problem. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has recently become a promising marker to monitor tumor burden. Whether ctDNA can be used to predict the response and prognosis in patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is unknown. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of the presence and dynamic change of ctDNA to predict the tumor response and prognosis in patients with breast cancer treated with NAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-two patients with early breast cancer who underwent NAC were prospectively enrolled. Serial plasma samples before, during, and after NAC and paired tumor biopsies were harvested and subjected to deep targeted sequencing using a large next-generation sequencing panel that covers 1,021 cancer-related genes. RESULTS Positive baseline ctDNA was detected in 21 of 44 patients before NAC. Most patients with positive ctDNA had one or more mutations confirmed in paired primary tumor. The ctDNA level after 2 cycles of NAC was predictive of local tumor response after all cycles of NAC (area under the curve, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.00). ctDNA tracking during NAC outperformed imaging in predicting the overall response to NAC. More importantly, positive baseline ctDNA is significantly associated with worse disease-free survival (P = .011) and overall survival (P = .004) in patients with early breast cancer, especially in estrogen receptor–negative patients. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that ctDNA can be used to predict tumor response to NAC and prognosis in early breast cancer, providing information to tailor an individual’s therapeutic regimen.
Relationship between mental health and awareness of the knowledge on mental health in left-behind middle school students

Abstract To explore the relationship between mental health of left-behind middle school students and awareness of mental health. Using cluster sampling method to select 428 left-behind middle school students in Jinan, using the mental health scale of middle school students and self-compiled mental health cognitive attitude questionnaire. We found left-behind middle school students’ mental health level of force, paranoia, hostility and interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, learning pressure, maladjustment, mood swings, the psychological imbalance and total score were significant difference compared with the norm of middle school students (t = 10.67, 3.86, 3.78, 7.54, 2.51, 10.18, 8.79, 3.54, 6.56, −2.13, 6.83, P < .05). The top 5 detection rates of psychological moderate health problems are learning stress, anxiety, force, emotional instability and interpersonal sensitivity. There were significant differences in the scores of left-behind middle school students with different awareness of mental health knowledge (F = 4.880, P < .01) and emotional instability (F = 4.51 4, P < .05). The awareness of mental health knowledge was significantly negatively correlated with the total score of mental health, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, maladjustment, emotional instability, and psychological imbalance scores. (r = 0.135, 0.182, 0.194, 0.189, −0.2, 0.124, P < .05). Left-behind middle school students’ psychological health status is poorer, and closely related with the awareness of the knowledge on mental health; to improve the level of cognitive evaluation of left-behind middle school students on mental health is expected to improve their psychological health.
Estimación de la captura y flujo de carbono en silvopastoreo de Acacia mangium asociada con Brachiaria dyctioneura en Colombia

El objetivo de esta investigacion fue desarrollar un protocolo para la medicion de las existencias de carbono en diferentes compartimientos en un sistema silvopastoril (SSP) de Acacia mangium mas Brachiaria dyctioneura, a dos densidades de siembra de arboles como un servicio ambiental. Ademas, se realizaron algunas aproximaciones para la evaluacion del flujo de carbono entre los animales en pastoreo y el suelo a traves de las heces producidas despues del consumo por estos de la biomasa del sistema. La primera densidad se sembro a razon de 169 arboles/ha (distancia de 8 m x 8 m), denominado de alta densidad (AD), y la segunda a razon de 100 arboles/ha (distancia de 100 m x 100 m), denominado de baja densidad (BD). La metodologia usada se basa en la propuesta de Winrock (MacDicken, 1997) y los procedimientos seguidos en Antioquia por el proyecto "Eficiencia de coberturas vegetales en la asimilacion de CO 2 " (Orrego y Del Valle, 2000). El carbono inmovilizado se estimo en cuatro compartimientos: 1) biomasa aerea de las plantas: comprende la biomasa aerea tanto de los arboles como de las pasturas; 2) biomasa radical: comprende la biomasa de las raices de los arboles y las pasturas asociadas; 3) carbono en suelo: comprende el carbono almacenado en el suelo en formas humicas; y 4) carbono en heces. La cantidad de carbono existente en los arboles, las pasturas y el suelo ascendio a 65,80 y 70,59 t de C/ha para la alta y la baja densidad, respectivamente. En los potreros sin arboles se alcanzo 38,07 t de C/ha, incluyendo las pasturas y el suelo. El flujo de carbono a traves de las heces producidas por los animales fue de 0,24; 0,21 y 0,21 t de C/UA/ha/ano en AD, BD y potreros sin arboles, respectivamente, despues de seis anos de establecido el sistema.
On a Fractional Operator Combining Proportional and Classical Differintegrals

The Caputo fractional derivative has been one of the most useful operators for modelling non-local behaviours by fractional differential equations. It is defined, for a differentiable function f ( t ) , by a fractional integral operator applied to the derivative f ′ ( t ) . We define a new fractional operator by substituting for this f ′ ( t ) a more general proportional derivative. This new operator can also be written as a Riemann–Liouville integral of a proportional derivative, or in some important special cases as a linear combination of a Riemann–Liouville integral and a Caputo derivative. We then conduct some analysis of the new definition: constructing its inverse operator and Laplace transform, solving some fractional differential equations using it, and linking it with a recently described bivariate Mittag-Leffler function.
A Generic Method for Predicting Environmental Concentrations of Hydraulic Fracturing Chemicals in Soil and Shallow Groundwater

Source-pathway-receptor analyses involving solute migration pathways through soil and shallow groundwater are typically undertaken to assess how people and the environment could come into contact with chemicals associated with coal seam gas operations. For the potential short-term and long-term release of coal seam gas fluids from storage ponds, solute concentration and dilution factors have been calculated using a water flow and solute transport modelling framework for an unsaturated zone-shallow groundwater system. Uncertainty about dilution factors was quantified for a range of system parameters: (i) leakage rates from storage ponds combined with recharge rates, (ii) a broad combination of soil and groundwater properties, and (iii) a series of increasing travel distances through soil and groundwater. Calculated dilution factors in the soil increased from sand to loam soil and increased with an increasing recharge rate, while dilution decreased for a decreasing leak rate and leak duration. In groundwater, dilution factors increase with increasing aquifer hydraulic conductivity and riverbed conductance. For a hypothetical leak duration of three years, the combined soil and groundwater dilution factors are larger than 6980 for more than 99.97% of bores that are likely to be farther than 100 m from the source. Dilution factors were more sensitive to uncertainty in leak rates than recharge rates. Based on this dilution factor, a comparison of groundwater predicted environmental concentrations and predicted no-effect concentrations for a subset of hydraulic fracturing chemicals used in Australia revealed that for all but two of the evaluated chemicals the estimated groundwater concentration (for a hypothetical water bore at 100 m from the solute source) is smaller than the no-effect concentration for the protection of aquatic ecosystems.
Is First-Gen an Identity? How First-Generation College Students Make Meaning of Institutional and Familial Constructions of Self

Institutions increasingly use first-generation categorizations to provide support to students. In this study, we sought to understand how students make meaning of their first-generation status by conducting a series of focus groups with 54 participants. Our findings reveal that students saw first-generation status as an organizational and familial identity rather than social identities. This status was connected to alterity and social distance that was most salient in comparison to continuing-generation peers. Our recommendations include reexamining the role of first-generation-specific programming on campus, creating opportunities for meaning-making, supporting students within changing family dynamics, and exploring the interaction between first-generation status and other marginalized identities.
Genetic Diversity and Distances of Three Egyptian Local Sheep Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers

An analysis of nineteen microsatellite loci in 79 unrelated individuals was performed to define the genetic structure and variability of three local sheep breeds: “Sinai, Rahmani and Ossimi”. Allele diversity, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and genetic distance were calculated. Wright F-statistics, (FIS, FIT and FST) values were estimated. The average number of alleles per locus was 21.1 . Within breeds, the mean number of alleles ranged from 15.26 in Rahmani to 16.15 in Sinai. Mean expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.923 in Sinai to 0.932 in Ossimi. Inbreeding coefficient for all populations is rather low FIS = 0.097 ranging from -0.079 in Rahmani to 0.118 in Ossimi. The mean genetic differentiation FST was 0.02 and demonstrated that 98% of total genetic variation is due to genetic differentiation within each population. In the neighbor–joining tree based on genetic distance (DS) Rahmani and Ossimi were grouped together, than Sinai. This study on sheep genetic diversity in Egypt provides valuable information on Sinai, Rahmani and Ossimi sheep genetic resources, and can assist in developing a national plan for the genetic improvement of indigenous sheep breeds in Egypt.
Leishmania persistence and host cell interactions

29 Introduction.31 Materials and methods.35 Results.40 Discussion.48 Acknowledgements.53 References.54 Figure legends.60 Chapter 3: Persistence of WT and lpg2Leishmania major.71 Abstract.72. 72 Introduction.74 Materials and methods.78 Results.86 Discussion.101 Acknowledgements.111 References.111 Figure legends.121
A comparison of turbine entrainment rates and seasonal entrainment vulnerability of two sympatric char species, bull trout and lake trout, in a hydropower reservoir

Potadromous salmonids that reside in hydropower reservoirs often have a high recreational and conservation value. However, the potential seasonal turbine entrainment vulnerability patterns of potadromous salmonids are not well understood. Here, we use acoustic telemetry to test the hypothesis that adults of two species of the Salvelinus genus (bull trout and lake trout) differ in their seasonal patterns of entrainment and entrainment vulnerability over a 2‐year period. Our results show that while both species were entrained at similarly low annual rates (~1%), these two salmonids differed in their patterns of forebay residency and proximity, with implications for entrainment risk. Bull trout occupied the forebay at low rates across all seasons, with no clear seasonal pattern of forebay proximity. In contrast, lake trout displayed a strongly seasonal pattern of entrainment vulnerability with a distinct movement away from the forebay during the summer, and a large increase in forebay proximity and use in the winter and spring. These findings provide a novel species‐specific demonstration of the potential entrainment vulnerability of lake trout. The seasonal patterns of entrainment vulnerability seen in previous bull trout studies, where bull trout occupied top pelagic predator niches, were not replicated in our study where bull trout occur in sympatry with another top pelagic predator. These findings, which indicate that species composition plays an important role determining entrainment vulnerability, have important implications for the conservation of indigenous lake trout and bull trout populations, and together highlight the need for a site‐specific approach to entrainment quantification.
Physically based modelling of water age at the hillslope scale: The Boussinesq age equations

Water age distribution is recognized as a key descriptor of hydrological systems, providing information on the natural phenomena taking place in such systems. It is widely used in the theoretical and experimental studies on hillslope and catchments, allowing a synthetic description of the complex dynamics by which the hillslopes store and release water and solutes at the outlet. In this study, we present a physically based framework for the description of the water or solute age within small catchments or hillslopes. The model matches the age equation with the three‐dimensional flow equations under transient conditions, employing the Boussinesq approximation. The approach leads to a system of differential equations for the moments of water age, spatially integrated over cross sections normal to mean flow, denoted as Boussinesq‐age‐equations, that are both simple to use and to solve. The framework overcomes some of the limitations of previous studies, such as of steady state conditions or perfect mixing, merging the simplicity of 1D solutions with the complexity of the physically based models, being suitable for theoretical investigation and experimental data set analysis. Besides introducing the model, we provide some relevant examples for synthetic hillslopes, exploring the effects of the main topographic controls and of the main drivers of water flow such as the recharge.
COMPATIBILIDADE REPRODUTIVA ENTRE OS BIÓTIPOS “MILHO” E “ARROZ” DE Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. SMITH) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

O objetivo neste trabalho foi determinar a compatibilidade reprodutiva entre os biotipos “milho” e “arroz” de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. SMITH) ( Lepidoptera : Noctuidae ). Os insetos foram coletados em lavouras de milho e de arroz irrigado no ecossistema de varzea e identificados pelo DNA genomico . Por ocasiao da emergencia dos adultos, foram individualizados 10 casais em gaiolas cilindricas de PVC (20 x 20 cm), revestidas internamente com papel jornal sendo fechadas na parte superior com tecido tipo “tule”. Os adultos foram alimentados com solucao aquosa de mel a 10%. Os acasalamentos realizados foram: cruzamento entre insetos de cada cultura (milho -“M” e arroz - “A”), cruzamentos reciprocos, retrocruzamentos e cruzamento entre as progenies. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: fecundidade, fertilidade, numero de espermatoforos por femea e porcentagem de femeas acasaladas. A fecundidade e o numero de espermatoforos por femea foram maiores nos cruzamentos “M-M e A-A”, a fertilidade em “M-M, A-A e M -A” e a porcentagem de femeas com espermatoforos em “M-M, A-A, A-M e M-A”. Em virtude da baixa fertilidade e porcentagem de femeas com espermatoforos e do reduzido numero de espermatoforos por femea nos retrocruzamentos e cruzamento entre as progenies, conclui-se que, os biotipos “milho” e “arroz” de S. frugiperda encontram-se em um processo inicial de especiacao e representam racas associadas a plantas hospedeiras. Palavras-chave: Insecta , lagarta-do-cartucho , especiacao. ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the reproductive compatibility between the biotypes “corn” and “rice” of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. SMITH) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae ). The insects were collected on corn fields and on irrigated rice in the meadow ecosystem and identified by the DNA genomic. Regarding to the adults emergency, 10 couples were individualized in cylindrical cages of PVC (20 x 20 cm), internally covered with newspaper, and being the superior part closed with woven type “ tule ”. The adults were fed with aqueous solution of honey on 10%. The accomplished mating was: crossing among insects of each biotype ( milho -“M” e arroz - “A”), reciprocal crossings, backcross and crossing among the progeny. The evaluated parameters were: fecundity, fertility, spermatophores number per female and percentage of coupled females. The fecundity and the spermatophores number per female were larger in the crossings “M-M and A-A”, the fertility in “M-M, A-A and M-A” and the percentage of females with spermatophores in “M-M, A-A, A-M e M-A”. Because of the low fertility and percentage of females with spermatophores and the reduced spermatophores number per female in the backcross and crossing among the progeny, it is concluded that, the biotypes “corn” and “rice” of S. frugiperda are on an initial process of speciation and they represent races host associated . Key words: Insecta , fall armyworm, speciation.