Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Search Frictions and Efficiency in Decentralized Transport Markets

We explore efficiency and optimal policy in decentralized transport markets, such as taxis, trucks, and bulk shipping. We show that in these markets, search frictions distort the transportation network and the dynamic allocation of carriers over space. We derive explicit and intuitive conditions for efficiency, and show how they translate into efficient pricing rules, or optimal taxes and subsidies for the planner who cannot set prices directly. The results imply that destination-based pricing is essential to attain efficiency. Then, using data from dry bulk shipping, we demonstrate that search frictions lead to a sizeable social loss and substantial misallocation of ships over space. Optimal policy can eliminate about half of the welfare loss. Can a centralizing platform, often arising as a market-based solution to search frictions, do better? Interestingly, the answer is no; although the platform eradicates frictions, it exerts market power thus eroding the welfare gains. Finally, we use two recent interventions in the industry (China’s Belt and Road Initiative and the environmental initiative IMO 2020) to demonstrate that taking into account the efficiency properties of transport markets is germane to any proposed policy.
GREEN FORMS AND THE LOCAL ARCHIMEDEAN ARITHMETIC SIEGEL-WEIL FORMULA

The goal of this paper is to construct natural Green forms for special cycles in orthogonal and unitary Shimura varieties, in any codimension, and to show that the resulting local archimedean height pairings are related to derivatives of Siegel Eisentein series. A conjecture put forward by S. S. Kudla relates these derivatives with arithmetic intersections of special cycles, and our results essentially settle the part of his conjecture involving local archimedean heights, for compact Shimura varieties attached to O(p, 2) and U(p, 1) (any p ≥ 1).
Effect of the R406H Substitution on the Normal Function of CHEK2

CHEK2 (Checkpoint kinase homolog 2) encodes a protein involved in pathways that arrest the cell cycle in response to genomic stress such as DNA damage or replication blocks. Carriers of some of the CHEK2 mutations are at an increased risk of breast cancer. A mutation in the kinase domain of the CHEK2 gene resulting in the R406H substitution has been reported. However, it is currently unknown whether the substitution alters the function of CHEK2 in vitro. We evaluated the effect of the R406H substitution on the normal function of CHEK2 using a yeast complementation assay. The yeast cells lacking Rad53, the yeast homologue of human CHEK2 were transformed with the wild type as well as plasmids carrying mutations resulting in the R406H, 1100delC, and S428F variants. Yeast cells carrying the R406H variant grew at a rate similar to those carrying the wild type CHEK2, whereas the yeast carrying the S428F and 1100delC mutants grew at a slower rate. These results suggest that, unlike the well-known pathogenic alleles such as 1100delC and S428F, the R406H substitution does not abrogate the function of CHEK2. Therefore, this variant is probably not important in development of breast cancer in women.
Redistributive Allocation Mechanisms

Many scarce public resources are allocated below market-clearing prices (and sometimes for free). Such ``non-market'' mechanisms necessarily sacrifice some surplus, yet they can potentially improve equity by increasing the rents enjoyed by agents with low willingness to pay. In this paper, we develop a model of mechanism design with redistributive concerns. Agents are characterized by a privately observed willingness to pay for quality, and a publicly observed label. A market designer controls allocation and pricing of a set of objects of heterogeneous quality, and maximizes a linear combination of revenue and total surplus---with Pareto weights that depend both on observed and unobserved agent characteristics. We derive structural insights about the form of the optimal mechanism and describe how social preferences influence the use of non-market mechanisms.
Desarrollo de la sagitta en juveniles y adultos de Odontesthes argentinensis (Valenciennes, 1835) y O. bonariensis (Valenciennes, 1835) de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Teleostei: Atheriniformes)

Se describio el desarrollo del otolito Sagitta de juveniles y adultos de Odontesthes argentinensis procedentes de Punta Rasa (36°22' S) y Miramar (38°16' S) y de Odontesthes bonariensis de la Laguna de Chascomus (35° 36' S). Se estudio, la morfologia de las sagittae de ambas especies, analizando cuatro grupos morfologicos para O. argentinensis (I: 75-120 mm, II: 130-220 mm, III: 230-270 y IV: 280-320 mm) y tres grupos morfologicos para O. bonariensis (I: 80-120 mm, II: 130-220 y III: 230-320 mm). Las caracteristicas morfologicas comunes a la sagitta, de ambas especies, en los grupos estudiados son: presencia de sulcus, depresion areal dorsal en la cara medial, cara lateral con estrias y la presencia de un punto culminante en el borde dorsal. En la sagitta de O. argentinensis, la depresion areal dorsal se inicia ligada a la cauda, caracteristica que permitio distinguir claramente entre otolitos de juveniles de ambas especies. A partir del estado adulto, la depresion areal dorsal se halla separada de la cauda en las dos especies y el analisis estadistico evidencio un crecimiento discontinuo. Se hallaron diferencias morfologicas entre pares de sagitta de un mismo individuo en cuanto a la forma del ostium, presencia de cisura, rostro y punto culminante, aunque no se hallo significancia morfometrica
Alfalfa Establishment with Barley and Oat Companion Crops Differing in Stature

Small-grain companion crops are commonly used for establishing forage legumes in the north-central USA. Semidwarf-stature barley (Hordeum vulgate L.) and oat (Avena saliva L.) show promise as less competitive and more lodging-resistant companion crops. This study compared forage production and agronomicharacteristics of companion-cropped semidwarf and conventional-stature genotypes of barley and oat. Alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) was seeded both with and without companion crops in experiments conducted at St. Paul, MN, from 1987 through 1989 on a Waukegan silt loam soil (fine-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll). Both semidwarf and conventional-stature barley and oat genotypes were evaluated. Small-grain and alfalfa forage harvests were made at the boot and soft dough stages of the small grain. Subsequent alfalfa harvests also were made later in the establishment season and at first flower in the following spring. Light penetration through the canopies of the various companion crops was monitored in all years. Weed biomass was measured in 1989, to estimate weed suppression by the companion crops. Light intensity at the level of the alfalfa within the semidwarf companion crop canopy was consistently higher than within the conventional-stature companion crops. Averaged over all small-grain genotypes, companion crop treatments produced from 202 to 2355 kg ha⁻¹ more forage dry matter than direct-seeded alfalfa (no companion crop). Alfalfa dry matter production during establishment was suppressed by all companion crops, especially those with conventional stature. Weeds were greatly suppressed by all companion crops. Companion crops increased mortality of alfalfa plants during establishment, but did not lower production of the alfalfa at subsequent harvests in the establishment season or in the following spring. Overall, semidwarf and conventional barley and oat were comparable in performance as companion crops in these studies, but semidwarf genotypes should prove particularly advantageous under conditions where lodging is likely to occur. Contribution of the Agronomy and Plant Genetics Dep. , Univ. of Minnesota. Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn. Journal Series Paper no. 20,975.
Capture of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes By an Adhesive Hyphae Forming Isolate of Arthrobotrys Oligospora and Some Other Nematode-Trapping Fungi

An isolate of Arthrobotrys oligospora (CBS 289.82) which forms adhesive hyphae and an isolate of the spontancous knob-former Monacrosporium cionopagum (CBS 228.52) were shown to be the very effective in capturing Meloidogyne hapla and M. incognita in in vitro tests. Arthrobotrys conoides (CBS 265.83), A. dactyloides (CBS 109.37) and A. scaphoides (CBS 226.52) were intermediate in capturing ability. Capture by A. oligospora (ATCC 24927), A. oligospora (CBS 115.81) and Duddingtonia flagrans (CBS 565.50), which did not form traps spontaneously, did not occur irrespective of the age of the mycelium. However, A. oligospora (CBS 289.82) revealed the ability to attach efficiently to root-knot nematodes; attachment to other species, e.g. Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis, was very limited. Internal infection with trophic hyphae only occurred after development of ring structures around the nematode body. Capture efficiency and possible mechanisms are discussed.
Cognitive Function in the Elderly with Diabetes Mellitus

Impaired cognitive function in the elderly with diabetes mellitus has been reported, and many, but not all, studies showed that diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for dementia. Although the mechanism of cognitive dysfunction in elderly diabetes mellitus subjects remains to be elucidated, several lines of evidence indicate that insulin and/or inflammation may be involved.
Study on Marketing and Constraints of Hide and Skin in three Selected Districts of Gambella Region, South West Ethiopia

Livestock also plays an important role in providing export commodities, such as live animals, hides and skins to earn foreign exchanges to the country. Therefore, this study was conducted in three selected districts of Gambella regional state with the objective to assess the marketing and constraints of hide and skin in three selected districts of Gambella regional state. The sample size of the study was estimated to be 384 (128 from Gambellazuria, 128 from Godare and 128 from Lare) using the formula stated in Thrust field. The quantitative data was organized, summarized and encoded on excel sheet and analyzed with the help of Statistical Analysis System (SAS) 9.2 version 2008.Most farmers (75%) interviewed sell their hide and skin to Woreda’s level hide and skins collectors in their closest proximity. Moreover, 54.17% of the farmers’ sell their hide and skin to village level hide and skin collectors. Almost all the respondents reported that they use rejection methods of hide and skins about 87.24%, 38.94% and 33.85% throwing on the ground, burying and giving for dog, respectively. Generally, the average selling price of hide and skin in Godare, Lare and Gambellazuria were significantly (p<0.05) different.
Fortification of cookies with dehulled sesame seed meal

Cookies were prepared from blends of wheat flour with 10, 20, 30 and 40% dehulled sesame seed meal. The protein content increased from 12.52% with wheat flour to 16.86% with 40% substitution, but fortification did not affect the colour, flavour, texture or overall acceptability of the cookies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Positron emission tomography and its use to image the occupancy of drug binding sites

The development of positron emission tomography (PET) and the ability to synthesize compounds labeled with the short‐lived positron emitters 11C and 18F has made possible the imaging and quantification of drug binding sites in the human body. By conducting PET studies with an appropriate radioligand before and after treatment with a drug, the fraction of the total number of binding sites that is occupied by the drug (the “occupancy” of the site) can often be determined. To the extent that occupancy is a good indicator of pharmacological activity, such PET experiments can aid the development of drug dosage regimens. Some of the general issues involved in PET studies of drug occupancy are discussed. There have been many such studies involving antipsychotic drugs and dopamine D2 receptor radioligands. Since neuroleptics have been extensively reviewed elsewhere, only the major findings are discussed here. Other binding sites (and drug classes) in the dopamine system to which this methodology has been applied include: the dopamine transporter (stimulant drugs) and monoamine oxidase A and B (antidepressant drugs). Occupancy studies are also possible for many drug targets beyond the dopamine system. Drug Dev. Res. 59:194–207, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytological Studies in the Chenopodiaceae. I. Microsporogenesis and Pollen Development

1. The primary sporogenous cells in the members of the Chenopodiaceae examined divide to form several rows of microspore mother cells. 2. Prior to the nuclear divisions of the microspore mother cells the tapetal cells divide mitotically and each cell becomes binucleate. 3. The heterotypic spindle is surrounded by cytoplasmic and granular zones in Kochia and Atriplex. Such zones are not present in Chenopodium. This stage was not observed in Salsola. 4. Remains of the heterotypic and the homoeotypic spindles persist so that the tetrad nuclei are connected by two prominent spindles and four less distinct spindles. 5. Paired thickenings appear on the cytoplasmic strands midway between each of the nuclei. The cell plate splits and a wall is laid down so that ultimately four microspores are formed. 6. The microspore nucleus migrates to the periphery of the cell and there divides to form the generative and tube nuclei. By means of cell plate formation midway between these two nuclei, two cells of equal size are formed. 7. The generative cell ultimately becomes imbedded in the cytoplasm of the tube cell. 8. The generative cell divides to form two male gametes. Each gamete consists of a nucleus and a definite layer of cytoplasm delimited by a distinct membrane. 9. The tube nucleus of the mature pollen grain shows evidence of disintegration in all the species examined with the exception of the two species of Kochia. 10. The haploid number of chromosomes is as follows: Kochia trichophylla 9, K. scoparia 9, Chenopodium hybridum 18, C. album 18, Atriplex patula var. hastata 18, Salsola kali 18.
Wisdom that Equality Tends to Offer: The Case of Real Earnings Management Practices of Female Directors in IT-friendly Firms of Bangladesh

In this study, we analyze how female directorship and real earnings management of IT-friendly firms are empirically interrelated in context of an emerging economy, viz. Bangladesh. We undertake relevant statistical procedures by utilizing a sample of 1914 firm-year observations as listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchangethroughout the period of 2000-2017.Our results imply that firms with female director(s) are more likely to be involved in real earnings management On the other hand, we also underscore that IT-friendly firms are less likely to be engaged in real earnings management and to provide superiorquality financial reports whereas the significance of this observation becomes more pronounced when conjoined with appointment of female directors in similar firms. We also find that IT-friendly firms with female directors are less probable to be involved in earnings management when compared to both ITfriendly firms with male director(s) and non-IT friendly firms. Based on the evidence, we discern that female directors are included in the board not only for fulfillment of stated quotas, but also for their demonstration of due diligence to restrain management from earnings management practices.
New Preparations of Lignin Polymer Models under Conditions that Approximate Cell Wall Lignification. II. Structural Characterization of the Models by Thioacidolysis

Summary Paris-Grignon, Lignin polymer model Dehydrogenation polymer The structures of novel lignin polymer models prepared from coniferin or coniferyl alcohol under conditions that approximate cell wal1 Signification were characterized by thioacidolysi s. The linkageof monolignol (DHP) type analysis by thioacidolysi s indicates that the structure of these polylignols approximated that of -. Monolignol glucoside native lignin more closely than did the structure of polylignols prepared by the conventional method Coniferyl ulcohol from coniferyl alcohol. Among v:arious possible factors affecting the structure of polylignols during Thioacidolysis polymerization under the present experimental conditions, the important ones appears to be: pH of the medium in which dehydrogenativc polymerization of coniferyl alcohol takes place; relative concentrations of monomer and oligomer radicals; and the carbohydrate matrix in which polymerization occurs.
Estimation of Microfibril Angle and Stiffness by near infrared Spectroscopy using sample sets having Limited wood Density Variation

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy offers a rapid method for the estimation of microfibril angle (MFA) and SilviScan-estimated wood stiffness (EL(SS)). The success of these NIR calibrations may be related to airdry density, because density varies in wood simultaneously with MFA and stiffness. The importance of density variation was investigated by developing calibrations for MFA and EL(SS) using Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine) and Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) sample sets where the density range was small and the relationships between density and MFA and density and EL(SS) were poor. Excellent calibrations for MFA and EL(SS) were obtained, particularly when sets had densities greater than 500 kg/m3, can provide strong relationships for MFA and stiffness even when density variation is limited. Examination of loading plots from the MFA and EL(SS) calibrations indicates that variation in wood components such as cellulose, lignin and possibly hemicellulose is important.
The Oldest Arthropods and the Origin of the Crustacea

In the last decade new finds in the Cambrian of well-preserved faunas have given us a wealth of new material. This has meant a virtual explosion in our knowledge of the earliest arthropods, although only a fraction of the material has as yet been described. Most significantly, perhaps, the valuable descriptions of the Orsten material have shed some light on the origination of crustaceans through the sequential acquisition of crustacean characters in a group of ‘stemgroup crustaceans’ and even more basic forms. An attempt is made to outline an evolutionary tree leading on one side to trilobitomorphs and chelicerates, on the other to crustaceans and related forms. It involves numbers of synapomorphies added successively, and it appears unlikely that true crustaceans were present already in the earliest Cambrian.
MOTIVES OF DELIGNE-LUSZTIG VARIETIES

Given a reductive algebraic group G defined over a finite field Fq, Deligne and Lusztig introduced in [DeLu] a family of algebraic varieties acted on by G(Fq), in whose `adic cohomology they realized representations of G(Fq). We prove in this note that the `-adic cohomology of these varieties is independent of `. This is a consequence of the validity of Beilinson and Tate conjectures for endomorphism rings of the corresponding equivariant Qmotives. We also explain how this can be used to study rationality properties of unipotent representations.
Celulas sanguineas, eletrolitos sericos, relacao hepato e esplenossomatica de carpa-comum, Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) na primeira maturacao gonadal

This research studied the condition (Kn) relative factor, the hepatosomatic (HSR), the splenosomatic (SSR) relation, the erythrocytes, thrombocytes and leukocytes number, the glicogen locality by PAS method in thrombocytes and leucocytes and the total protein and electrolytes serices levels in both Cyprinus carpio L. sex. The female Kn showed higher value than the males. The female HSR average values were lower than the ones observed in males, while the leukocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils percentage number were the highest. However, the males magnesium and choride serices levels were higher than the females. The HRS average values, hematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, average corspucular volume (ACV), average corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (ACHC), erythocytes number, trombocytes, monocytes, oesinophils, positive PAS leukocyte granular (PAS-LG), and total protein, sodium, potassium and calcium serices levels did not show significant statistics difference (p> 0.05) between males and females. The PAS method showed glicogen granules into the thronbocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils cytoplasm. Nevertheless, in the PAS-LG cytoplasm, neutral glicoprotein granules were also observed. Monocytes and lynfocytes showed negative reaction to PAS. In the teleosts, the gonodas matureness presents higher relation with the factor of condition. During the reprodution period it is unlikely to find the sexual effects isolated in the hemogram, because most of the time that is not the only factor to cause dimorphism
In silico and in vitro anti-inflammatory evaluation of 2,6-bis-(3'-ethoxy, 4'-hydroxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone, 2,6-bis-(3'-Bromo,4'-methoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone, and 2,6-bis- (3',4'-dimethoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone

The aim of this research is to design the new mono-carbonyl analogs of curcumin, synthesize the molecules, and determine its activity in cyclooxygenase inhibition in vitro and in silico. New design MACs were performed by the Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) study using the BuildQSAR program. 2,6-bis-(3ʹ-ethoxy, 4ʹ-hydroxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone, 2,6-bis-(3ʹ-Bromo, 4ʹ-methoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone, and 2,6-bis-(3ʹ,4ʹ -dimethoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone had been synthesized using aldol condensation reaction. The anti-inflammatory assay was performed to measure the level of malondialdehyde. In silico studies were carried out to evaluate the activity of cyclooxygenase inhibition in cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 specific proteins. Molecular operating environment program was used for protocol docking. The results of the QSAR study reveal the good relationship of anti-inflammatory activities. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 6-bis-(3ʹ-ethoxy, 4ʹ-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone, 2,6-bis-(3ʹ-Bromo, 4ʹ-methoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone, and 2,6-bis-(3ʹ,4ʹ-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone indicate the promising potential to inhibit cyclooxygenase enzyme with IC50 13.53 μM, 11.56 μM, and 20.52 μM, respectively. The in silico evaluation showing that O atoms (47, from ketones) of 2,6-bis-(3ʹ-Bromo, 4ʹ-methoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone interact with ARG120 and TYR355 through H acceptor.
Stock Identification of Fraser River Sockeye Salmon Using Microsatellites and Major Histocompatibility Complex Variation

Abstract The utility of DNA-based variation for stock identification was evaluated for Fraser River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. For this evaluation, the variation at 14 microsatellite loci and one major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus was determined from approximately 13,000 fish from 47 populations in the drainage. Genetic differentiation among the populations was observed, the overall F ST value for the 14 microsatellite loci surveyed being 0.054 and that for the MHC locus being 0.215. The variation among regions and populations within regions was approximately 20 times as great as that of the annual variation within populations for the microsatellite loci and 28 times as great for the MHC locus. The power of a microsatellite locus for population-specific identification in simulated mixture samples was positively correlated with the number of observed alleles at the locus. Analysis of simulated mixtures indicated that the mean percentage error of estimated stock compositions was less than .