Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biased gene expression reveals the contribution of subgenome to altitude adaptation in allopolyploid Isoetes sinensis

Abstract Allopolyploids are believed to inherit the genetic characteristics of its progenitors and exhibit stronger adaptability and vigor. The allotetraploid Isoetes sinensis was formed by the natural hybridization and polyploidization of two diploid progenitors, Isoetes taiwanensis and Isoetes yunguiensis, and was believed to have the potential to adapt to plateau environments. To explore the expression pattern of homoeologous genes and their contributions to altitude adaptation, we transplanted natural allotetraploid I. sinensis (TnTnYnYn) along the altitude gradient for a long‐term, and harvested them in summer and winter, respectively. One year after transplanting, it still lived well, even in the extreme environment of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Then, we performed high‐throughput RNA sequencing to measure their gene expression level. A total of 7801 homoeologous genes were expressed, among which 5786 were identified as shared expression in different altitudes and seasons. We further found that altitude variations could change the subgenome bias trend of I. sinensis, but season could not. Moreover, the functions of uniquely expressed genes indicated that temperature might be an important restrictive factor during the adaptation process. Through the analysis of DEGs and uniquely expressed genes, we found that Y subgenome provided more contributions to high altitude adaptation than T subgenome. These adaptive traits to high altitude may be inherited from its plateau progenitor I. yunguiensis. Through weighted gene co‐expression network analysis, pentatricopeptide repeats gene family and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway were considered to play important roles in high‐altitude adaptation. Totally, this study will enrich our understanding of allopolyploid in environmental adaptation.
Convection in rotating spherical fluid shells with inhomogeneous heat flux at the outer boundary

The Earth's core is subject to a laterally varying heat flux at the outer boundary, which may account for correlations between the geomagnetic field and lower mantle structure. Studies of nonmagnetic, rotating convection in a spherical shell with fixed temperature boundary conditions have revealed flows resonating with, or locked to, the boundary anomalies when the length scales of the convection are close to those of the boundary condition. Here we study a similar system but for fixed heat flux upper boundary conditions, as in the Earth's core. We first map out the onset of thermal instability in a rotating shell of aspect ratio 0.4 for uniform outer boundary cooling with both rigid and stress-free boundaries. A preference for large scale (azimuthal wavenumber m = 1) flows, not observed for the uniform temperature case, persists to Ekman numbers down to almost 10− 4. The preference for large scales is greatest for rigid boundaries and high (≥ 1) Prandtl numbers. Hemispheric asymmetry appears in the weakly nonlinear regime, with small scale columnar convection coexisting with larger scale flows. We next study the effect of heterogeneous cooling of strength ε proportional to the Y 2² spherical harmonic, which resembles the assumed heat flow at the core-mantle boundary. We illustrate the results with two sets of parameters, (1) when the most unstable mode in the uniform case is m = 2, the same as the heterogeneous boundary condition, and (2) when it is m = 1. We follow the numerical solutions from steady flows dominated by boundary heating, through periodic flows drifting at non-uniform rates, to chaotic flows. In case (1) both thermal convection and boundary-driven flow are dominated by the same azimuthal wavenumber m = 2 as the boundary condition; they give way to periodic flows of the same symmetry (even m) at low boundary heterogeneity. At higher ε the symmetry is broken as modes with odd m are excited. In case (2) at low ε the m = 1 and m = 2 modes compete, while higher ε imposes an m = 2 symmetry. Boundary effects depend strongly on the most unstable wavenumber at onset of convection with uniform boundary cooling: these simple linear results are a good guide to the probable behaviour of more complex, nonlinear regimes and have already been used to find suitable parameter ranges in a geodynamo calculation.
Distance between unitary orbits in von Neumann algebras.

Let / b e a semifinite factor. For normal operators x and y in , introducing the spectral distance δ(x,y)9 we show that δ(x,y) > dist(%f(x),%f(y)) > c~δ(x,y) with a universal constant c, where ^ ( ) ^ ( y ) ) denotes the distance between the unitary orbits and W(y). The equality dist(W(x)9&(y)) = δ(x9y) holds in several cases. Submajorizations are established concerning the spectral scales of τ-measurable selfadjoint operators affiliated with */#. Using these submajorizations, we obtain the formulas of Ldistance and anti-Z/ -distance between unitary orbits of τ-measurable selfadjoint operators in terms of their spectral scales. Furthermore the formulas of those distances in Haagerup //-spaces are obtained when «/# is a type IIIi factor. The appendix by H. Kosaki is the generalized Powers-Stormer inequality in Haagerup LP -spaces.
Radiological features of aspergillomas and surrounding areas after pulmonary tuberculosis

Although pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) may be effectively treated, destruction of the lung parenchyma can lead to recurrent infections including aspergilloma. Hemoptysis is a serious complication of aspergilloma. However, the relationship between aspergillomas and surrounding areas after TB has not been comprehensively investigated. Herein, CT scans were used as the primary method of investigation. A retrospective study on patients with aspergilloma was performed. Twenty patients with prior tuberculosis infections were compared with 27 individuals who had never been infected with tuberculosis. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for direct comparison of aspergilloma volume and cavity thickness between the TB group and the non-TB group. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare aspergilloma calcification and location; perilesional ground-glass opacity (GGO), calcification, and bronchiectasis; and pleural thickening between groups. To facilitate the localization of aspergilloma, the apical and posterior segments of the upper lobe or the superior segment of the lower lobe were defined as “the golden area. ” A total of 76.60% patients (36/47) had a history of hemoptysis, and 13.89% (5/36) had previously experienced severe hemoptysis. Patients who had hemoptysis-associated events were significantly more likely to have considerable perilesional GGO around the aspergilloma than those who did not experience such events (77.78% vs 36.36%, P=.027). In the TB group, all aspergillomas were situated in “the golden area” (100.00% vs 77.78%, P=.031). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in aspergilloma amount or volume, or the thickness of the cavity between groups (P >.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between groups regarding aspergilloma calcification, perilesional GGO, perilesional calcification, perilesional bronchiectasis, or pleural thickening (P >.05). Hemoptysis caused by aspergilloma is frequently encountered in clinical settings, and the presence of perilesional GGO on CT images is strongly suggestive of hemoptysis. Patients with prior tuberculosis often have aspergillomas located in “the golden area. ” Images obtained from CT scans may be used to guide therapy.
Necessary conditions for the convergence of cardinal Hermite splines as their degree tends to infinity

Let Sns denote the class of cardinal Hermite splines of degree n having knots of multiplicity s at the integers. In this paper we show that if fn -f uniformly on R, where fn E i,s in oo as n oo, andf is bounded, then f is the restriction to R of an entire function of exponential type < s. In proving this result, we need to derive some extremal properties of certain splines n(n'11.
Does Mergers and Acquisitions Impact Capital Structure and Performance of Nigerian Banks?

The study examines the association between merger and acquisition on capital structure, and financial performances of banks in Nigeria. it employed secondary data collected from the sampled banks annual financial report and accounts statement. Relevant literatures were reviewed and panel data model regression was employed in the study’s analysis. Specifically, feasible generalized least square model was used to analyse the study’s hypotheses after the pre- and postestimation diagnosis. The study reveals that merger and acquisition have a strong direct effect on capital structure and performances, but a weak direct impact on survival and growth of the examined banks in Nigeria. The study recommends that weak banks in Nigeria should employ merger and acquisition strategy for their survival and growth, for a viable capital structure and for banks whose performance are below expectations.
A Case-Control Study of the Association of Leptin Gene Polymorphisms with Plasma Leptin Levels and Obesity in the Kerala Population

Background Over the last few years, the importance of leptin in energy metabolism has been extensively studied in both animal models and in humans. Very few results are available on the association between human leptin gene (LEP) variants and obesity traits in India. We designed this study to analyse the polymorphisms in human leptin gene and the association of sequence variants with obesity among the population in Kerala, South India. Methods In this case-control design of 148 study participants, data were collected on socioeconomic aspects and anthropometric measurements. Plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, and lipid profile were measured. Genotyping was done by automated DNA sequencing. Results The common Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of 5′-UTR of LEP − 2548G/A was found to be present in the study population with “A” variant as dominant allele. A novel synonymous mutation Thr5Thr of exon 2 of LEP was identified in heterozygous form in one subject with morbid obesity with hyperleptinemia. A novel missense mutation Phe17Leu was observed in two subjects with obesity in heterozygous condition. A novel missense mutation Lys36Arg in exon 2 of LEP was observed in one subject with abdominal obesity and decreased serum leptin level. Conclusion LEP − 2548G/A at 5′-untranslated region was found to be common with the mutant “A” variant in the study population. SNPs of exons in LEP were found to be rare but associated with morbid obesity and altered levels of serum leptin in the study population in Kerala, India.
Hypercapnic Failure in Acute Exacerbated COPD Patients: Severe Airflow Limitation as an Early Warning Signal

Background: Hypercapnic failure is a severe complication of COPD disease progression, which is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the association of comorbidity and clinical risk factors with the development of hypercapnia in acute exacerbated COPD patients. Methods: In this retrospective monocentric cohort study, we examined the influence of the clinical parameters and the comorbidity of hospitalized patients with the acute exacerbation of COPD on the development of hypercapnia by performing multivariate logistic regression and a receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results: In total, 275 patient cases with COPD exacerbation were enrolled during the period from January 2011 until March 2015, where 104 patients (37.8%) with hypercapnia were identified. The logistic regression analysis revealed severe airflow limitation (decreased FEV1) as the main factor associated with the development of hypercapnia. In the ROC analysis, we determined an FEV1 of 42.12%, which was predicted with a sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 55%, and an absolute value of FEV1 of 0.8 L, with a sensitivity of 0.62 and specificity of 0.79 as the cut off points, respectively. We could not verify an association with the patient’s condition or the laboratory surrogate parameters of organ failure. Conclusion: Severe airflow limitation is an important risk factor that is associated with hypercapnic failure in acute exacerbated COPD patients. Validation in prospective cohorts is warranted and should focus on more intensive monitoring of these at-risk patients.
The Relationship between Attention and Memory Retrieval

Researchers were trying to explore the relationship between attention and memory retrieval in many different methodologies. This paper aims to clarify the complex relationship between attention and memory. Most early research from the 1900s suggests that memory retrieval is an automatic process that does not require attention. Moreover, in line with intuition, research about implicit memory also suggest that it is an automatic process. However, recent research about explicit memory retrieval suggests otherwise. Neuro-imaging research found that the region that activates during memory retrieval also activates during visual attention. Animal research about attention demand and spatial memory retrieval showed that attention could help memory encoding and retrieval. By studying individuals with attention deficits, it can conclude that attention is crucial for suppressing memory retrieval. Furthermore, behavioral research suggests that divided attention can impair memory retrieval. Thus, memory retrieval is not an automatic process.
Periotome versus piezotome as an aid for atraumatic extraction: a randomized controlled trial

Objectives A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of the periotome and piezotome as aids for atraumatic extraction and its sequalae. Materials and Methods The study sample comprised 48 teeth, equally allotted to the piezotome or periotome groups by random allocation, in participants aged 19-62 years. All samples in both groups had either complete tooth structure or intact roots without crowns and had mobility ≤grade II. Clinical parameters of operative duration, presence or absence of gingival laceration, reported operative and postoperative pain, and intake of analgesics following extraction were recorded. IBM SPSS software package version 22 was used for data entry and analysis. Results The mean operation time was significantly (P≤0.05) longer in the piezotome group than in the periotome group. However, fewer gingival lacerations were observed with use of a piezotome than with a periotome, although no significant difference was observed. The piezotome group reported significantly (P≤0.05) higher visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores during the procedure and non-significantly higher scores thereafter until the third postoperative day. In the piezotome group, the dosage of analgesic was higher, although the periotome group had a higher percentage of participants who used analgesics postoperatively; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion The present clinical trial favors the use of periotome over piezotome for atraumatic extraction due to shorter operating time, lower postoperative VAS pain scores, and lower dosage of analgesics despite the superior ability of the piezotome to prevent gingival laceration.
Singular value decomposition of probability matrices: Probabilistic aspects of latent dichotomous variables

SUMMARY This paper gives a matrix approach to determine when a statistical dependence between two manifest categorical random variables can be viewed as generated by some unobserved latent variables, in the sense that the manifest variables are conditionally independent with respect to the latent variables. By the singular value decomposition of the matrix representing deviations from statistical independence of the two manifest variables, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for existence of dichotomous latent variables, which are 'responsible' for conditional independence. We give a technique for identifying the distributions of such latent variables and also the conditional distributions of the manifest variables given the latent variables. Finally, we discuss some probabilistic aspects.
Deep Learning-Based Approaches for Classifying Foraminal Stenosis Using Cervical Spine Radiographs

Various disease detection models, based on deep learning algorithms using medical radiograph images (MRI, CT, and X-ray), have been actively explored in relation to medicine and computer vision. For diseases related to the spine, primarily MRI-based or CT-based studies have been conducted, but most studies were associated with the lumbar spine, not the cervical spine. Foraminal stenosis offers important clues in diagnosing cervical radiculopathy, which is usually detected based on MRI data because it is difficult even for experts to diagnose using only an X-ray examination. However, MRI examinations are expensive, placing a potential burden on patients. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel model for diagnosing foraminal stenosis using only X-ray images. In addition, we propose methods suitable for cervical spine X-ray images to improve the performance of the proposed classification model. First, the proposed model adopts data preprocessing and augmentation methods, including Histogram Equalization, Flip, and Spatial Transformer Networks. Second, we apply fine-tuned transfer learning using a pre-trained ResNet50 with cervical spine X-ray images. Compared to the basic ResNet50 model, the proposed method improves the performance of foraminal stenosis diagnosis by approximately 5.3–6.9%, 5.2–6.5%, 5.4–9.2%, and 0.8–4.3% in Accuracy, F1 score, specificity, and sensitivity, respectively. We expect that the proposed model can contribute towards reducing the cost of expensive examinations by detecting foraminal stenosis using X-ray images only.
Molecular characterization and diversity analysis of some local potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes of Bangladesh by RAPD markers

Genetic identification of cultivars and varieties is useful in preserving endangered potato germplasm and planning for new breeding programs. Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of 10 local potato genotypes of Bangladesh were investigated with five RAPD primers, namely OPA-18, OPB-06, OPC-01, OPD-02 and OPW. Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves and PCR reactions were performed with selected primers. The selected primers generated 33 distinct and differential amplified bands (size ranged from 131-1188 bp), out of which 28 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci was valued from 33.33% to 100%. Gene frequency was ranged from 0.300 to 1 and gene diversity was from 0 to 0.70. The inter-varietal similarity indices was ranged from 42.45% to 92.67%. Pair-wise comparisons of Nei's genetic identity value was from 0.4848 to 0.9394. The highest Nei's genetic identity (0.9394) was observed in Sheel Bilati and SAU Promising Genotype-5 genotype pair. Nei's (1972) genetic distance was from 0.0625 to 0.7239. Dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distance using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) indicated the segregation of studied potato genotypes into two main clusters. It was found that RAPD markers are sensitive enough to identify genetic variation in a variety of germplasm, which will be helpful for choosing genetically unique germplasm in potato breeding programs. SAARC J. Agric. , 20(2): 43-55 (2022)
On the effective conductivity of polycrystals and a three‐dimensional phase‐interchange inequality

We derive optimal bounds on the effective conductivity tensor of polycrystalline aggregates by introducing an appropriate null‐Lagrangian that is rotationally invariant. For isotropic aggregates of uniaxial crystals an outstanding conjecture of Schulgasser is proven, namely that the lowest possible effective conductivity of isotropic aggregates of uniaxial crystals is attained by a composite sphere assemblage, in which the crystal axis is directed radially outwards in each sphere. By laminating this sphere assemblage with the original crystal we obtain anisotropic composites that are extremal, i.e., attaining our bounds. These, together with other results established here, give a partial characterization of the set of all possible effective tensors of polycrystalline aggregates. The same general method is used to prove a conjectured phase interchange inequality for isotropic composites of two isotropic phases. This inequality correlates the effective conductivity of the composite with the effective tensor.
House mouse subspecies do differ in their social structure

Abstract It is widely acknowledged that population structure can have a substantial impact on evolutionary trajectories. In social animals, this structure is strongly influenced by relationships among the population members, so studies of differences in social structure between diverging populations or nascent species are of prime interest. Ideal models for such a study are two house mouse subspecies, Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus, meeting in Europe along a secondary contact zone. Though the latter subspecies has usually been supposed to form tighter and more isolated social units than the former, the evidence is still inconclusive. Here, we carried out a series of radiofrequency identification experiments in semi‐natural enclosures to gather large longitudinal data sets on individual mouse movements. The data were summarized in the form of uni‐ and multi‐layer social networks. Within them, we could delimit and describe the social units (“modules”). While the number of estimated units was similar in both subspecies, domesticus revealed a more “modular” structure. This subspecies also showed more intramodular social interactions, higher spatial module separation, higher intramodular persistence of parent–offspring contacts, and lower multiple paternity, suggesting more effective control of dominant males over reproduction. We also demonstrate that long‐lasting modules can be identified with basic reproductive units or demes. We thus provide the first robust evidence that the two subspecies differ in their social structure and dynamics of the structure formation.
VIIRS day-night band gain and offset determination and performance

On October 28th, 2011, the Visible-Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) was launched on-board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) spacecraft. The instrument has 22 spectral bands: 14 reflective solar bands (RSB), 7 thermal emissive bands (TEB), and a Day Night Band (DNB). The DNB is a panchromatic, solar reflective band that provides visible through near infrared (IR) imagery of earth scenes with radiances spanning 7 orders of magnitude. In order to function over this large dynamic range, the DNB employs a focal plane array (FPA) consisting of three gain stages: the low gain stage (LGS), the medium gain stage (MGS), and the high gain stage (HGS). The final product generated from a DNB raw data record (RDR) is a radiance sensor data record (SDR). Generation of the SDR requires accurate knowledge of the dark offsets and gain coefficients for each DNB stage. These are measured on-orbit and stored in lookup tables (LUT) that are used during ground processing. This paper will discuss the details of the offset and gain measurement, data analysis methodologies, the operational LUT update process, and results to date including a first look at trending of these parameters over the early life of the instrument.
Enhanced electro-optical properties of a nematic liquid crystals in presence of BaTiO3 nanoparticles

Composites of nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) and ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared. The alignments of NPs in the host medium have been demonstrated. Effect of NPs doping on various display parameters of NLCs, namely, threshold voltage, dielectric anisotropy and splay elastic constant has been studied using electro-optical and dielectric studies. The nematic ordering of host supports alignment of NPs parallel to the director which consequently improves electro-optical parameters in the composite system. The dielectric and electro-optic properties of LC–NPs composites have been discussed in frame of conventional theories of NLCs.