Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors related to age at natural menopause in China: results from the China Kadoorie Biobank

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the potentially modifiable factors affecting age at natural menopause (ANM) in Chinese women. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the China Kadoorie Biobank study which that recruited 0.5 million (0.3 million women) Chinese adults aged 30 to 79 from 2004 to 2008. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between ANM and various factors recorded at baseline. Results: Among 87,349 postmenopausal women, the mean ANM (SD) was 48.7 (4.3) years. Older age, being a housewife, earlier menarche, and passive smoking were associated with both premature menopause (PM, ie, ANM <40 years) and early menopause (EM, ie, ANM between 40 and 44 years). A higher odds for EM was observed in women who were widowed (odds ratio: 1.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.16), had spontaneous abortions (1.33 [1.05-1.69]), current regular smoking (1.19 [1.07-1.37]), and frequent spicy food intake (1.11 [1.05-1.08]). Higher socioeconomic status; later first birth; more live births and induced abortions; longer breastfeeding; tea drinking, as well as intakes of meat, fruits, dairy, and soybean products; and increased body mass index gain were inversely associated with PM and/or EM. In contrast, women who had more pregnancies, occasional alcohol drinking, higher levels of physical activity or body mass index, vitamin intake, and hypertension were more likely to have a later age at menopause (LM, ie, ANM ≥53 years). Conclusions: This large epidemiological study found a wide range of sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary, and reproductive factors related to PM, EM, and LM in Chinese women.
The Correlation of Lung Function Parameters, Blood Pressure and Beta-Blocker Medication in a General Population

Abstract Objectives Prior studies have investigated possible links between blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, especially beta-blockers and impairment of lung function. The aim of our study was to investigate an association between blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, focusing on beta-blockers, and its influence on lung function parameters in our adult population. Methods From the two analysed cohorts of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-1 and SHIP-TREND), pooled data for interview-based information, lung function variables including bodyplethysmography and blood pressure variables were used to perform adjusted linear regression analyses. Association analyses were conducted for the pooled population. Results Within the whole pooled population we found some minor statistically significant interrelations in the multivariate analyses for blood pressure and lung function parameters. Statistical correlation between lung function and blood pressure were significant but too weak to be deemed clinically relevant. We also found interrelations between lung function and use of beta-blocker medication. Within the subgroup of individuals with antihypertensive medication containing beta-blockers compared to the reference group we found lower dynamic and static volumes e. g. for FEV1 (–70 ml), FVC (–90 ml), a reduction of TLC (–130 ml) and ITGV (–100 ml), however we did not find an increase in airway resistance (Rtot). Conclusion Based on the data of SHIP-1 and SHIP TREND our results confirm a minor association between blood pressure and lung function. More importantly, we have seen a significant decrease of lung volumes for hypertensive patients with beta- blocker medication as described in literature before. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to examine the interrelation between blood pressure, medication and lung function in an epidemiological study using data of spirometry, body plethysmography and CO transfer.
Filling the Gap

Can fintech credit fill the credit gap in the consumer and business segments? There are few cross-country studies that explore this question. Focusing on marketplace lending, an important part of fintech credit, we use data for 109 countries from 2015 to 2017 to study the relationship between fintech credit to businesses and consumers and various aspects of financial development. Marketplace lending to consumers grows in countries where financial depth declines highlighting the role of fintech credit in filling the credit gap by traditional lenders. This result is particularly strong in low-income countries. In the business segment, marketplace lending expands where financial efficiency declines. Our findings show that low-income countries take advantage of the fintech credit opportunity in the consumer segment but face important challenges in the business segment.
NANO FAT COMBINED WITH PLATELET RICH PLASMA INJECTION VERSUS NANO FAT INJECTION ALONE IN THE TREATMENT OF ATROPHIC SCAR

Background: An atrophic scar is an indented scar that heals below the normal layer of skin tissue. Atrophic scars form when the skin is unable to regenerate tissue. As a result, it leaves behind imbalanced scarring. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the autologous emulsified fat transfer with or without platelet rich plasma in the treatment of atrophic scar. Patients and methods: This study was carried out at Dermatology Department, Al-HusseinUniversityHospital, Faculty of Medicine, Al-AzharUniversity. This study included 60 patients with atrophic scar divided into 2 equal groups: group (A) treated with nanofat and platelet rich plasma, and group (B) treated with nanofat only. Scar in both groups caused by different etiological factors, their ages ranged from 19 to 59 years with 40 males and 20 females on a period from March 2019 to December 2019. Results: No significant differences between group A and group B after treatment, revealing that the corner stone of significance created by nanofat injection including adipose derived stem cells and growth factors without obvious clinical and statistical significance of additional platelet rich plasma. Conclusion: Nanofat injection has been shown to have beneficial effects in the treatment of atrophic scar, wrinkles, and skin discolorations, being highly effective in improving the height and pliability of all scars with mild improvement in pigmentation and vascularities, addition of platelet rich plasma to nanofat showed the same result which treated.
STUDYING ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS AND LEVELS OF SOME HEAVY METALS AMONG A SAMPLE OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN IN EGYPT

Background: Autism is a developmental disability characterized by severe deficits in social interaction and communication. Although the exact cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still not known, it is believed that both genetic and environmental factors influence the onset and development of this disorder. Aim of the study: To assess the possible environmental risk factors and the levels of aluminum, mercury and lead in the hair of children with ASD. Patients and methods: A case control study was carried out. Thirty ASD children were studied in comparison to 30 age- and sex-matched controls. All participants were subjected to a questionnaire for data collection, clinical evaluation and hair sample for measurement of level of aluminum, mercury and lead which reflects past exposure. Results: The mean age of the studied autistic children was 6.5±2.4year compared to 5.4±1.8 year in the controls with no significant difference (P>0.05), 76.7% of the cases were boys. Living near to traffic was found to be higher among cases than among controls with p 500m) between the house and nearby traffic was another risk factor. Autistic children were found to play with wall paint more than the controls with high statistical difference between them. The use of aluminum cooking utensils and spoons was significantly higher among families of cases than controls. The mean level of aluminum was significantly higher in cases compared to the control (20.79±10.2, 7.85±1 respectively with P<0.0001). Mean level of mercury among cases was significantly higher than among controls (1.24±1.12, 0.22±0.147 respectively). Cases also had significantly higher levels of lead compared to controls but they were within the normal levels. Conclusion: Aluminum and Mercury were significantly higher in cases compared to controls.
Volume Averaged Equations for Mass Transport and Reaction for In-Situ Combustion

Abstract In-situ combustion (ISC) is an oil recovery technique where many phenomena can take place simultaneously such as: chemical reactions, phase change, heat transfer, mass transport, thermodynamic equilibrium, and so on. Each one of these phenomena may have important contributions over the ISC behavior at any scale of interest as lab-scale, inter-wells or reservoir-scale. In this work, a mass transport study is presented. Firstly, the appropriate phase and interface governing equations at pore-scale are set up. Later, the volume averaged equations valid at macroscale are rigorously derived using the volume averaging method (VAM). The theoretical analysis is general and applies for typical oil-water-gas-rock systems found in petroleum reservoirs, and for any number of chemical species distributed in the phases. The model also allows the existence of several heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions. From this general point of view, the volume averaged equations governing species and phase mass transport at macroscale, along its closure scheme to predict the effective transport parameters, are presented. We have clearly identified the length scale constraints and assumptions that support our derivations. In future works, we shall expand the range of applicability of the model by relaxing some of these assumptions. To demonstrate the applicability of the average models, we numerically predicted the longitudinal mass dispersion of oxygen for passive and reactive mass transport problems at lab-scale. The general trends of theoretical results are in concordance with previous works.
Sedimentary records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in China: A comparison to the worldwide

ABSTRACT This review focuses on the sedimentary records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in China and the worldwide. We provide a global image of sedimentary record of PAHs in different regions, including their contents, vertical profiles, and possible sources. Generally, historical PAHs recorded in China, dominated by biomass burning and domestic coal combustion, are moderate on the global scale with an upward trend while elevated levels of historical PAHs are usually found in developed countries with a downward trend. This review ends with some concerns about historical PAHs in sediments and some directions deserved further efforts.
Social isolation, time spent at home, financial stress and domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic

In this study we use data from a large online survey of Australian women to examine whether the increased time spent at home, social isolation and financial stress resulting from COVID-19 containment measures were associated with a higher likelihood of physical and sexual violence among women in current cohabiting relationships with and without a history of violence. An increase in the amount of time spent at home with a partner did not in itself increase the likelihood of violence among either group. However, the probability of repeat or first-time violence was between 1.3 and 1.4 times higher for women who had less frequent contact with family and friends outside of the household during the pandemic. While financial stress prior to the pandemic was a strong predictor of violence for both groups, the probability of first-time violence was 1.8 times higher among women who experienced an increase in financial stress. We conclude that the pandemic was associated with an increased risk of violence against women in current cohabiting relationships, most likely from a combination of economic stress and social isolation.
Effects of feed and water deprivation on diurnal variations in rectal temperature, respiration and heart rate of Yankasa sheep during the rainy season

Experiments were performed with the aim of determining diurnal fluctuations in rectal temperature (RT),respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) of Yankasa sheep, and the effect of feed and water deprivation on the physiological parameters. On the experimental day, seven experimental sheep were deprived of feed and water for 12 h, while four control sheep were given access to feed and water ad libitum. The RT, RR and HR of all the sheep were measured using standard procedures. The RT rose gradually from its minimum values of 39.0 ± 0.3 and 39.1 ± 0.2 0C at 07:00 h in experimental and control sheep, respectively, and attained peak values of 39.5 ± 0.3 and 39.7 ± 0.2 0C at 18:00 hours in the experimental and control animals, respectively. There was a significant (P < 0.05) and positive correlation between hour of the day and RT values in experimental and control sheep (r = 0.640 and 0.769, respectively). The RR and HR values of experimental sheep (30.1 ± 0.5 breaths/min and 88.6 ± 1.3 beats/min, respectively) were not significantly different from those of control sheep; 30.5 ± 0.8 breaths/min and 89.2 ± 1.6 beats/min, respectively. In conclusion, meteorological parameters, feed and water deprivation exerted significant influence on RT, RR and HR in Yankasa sheep, and they should be considered whenever the physiological parameters are measured in the breed, even during the rainy season. Key words: Diurnal fluctuations, rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate.
COMMON PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS IN RELATION TO VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY

Background: Maternal vitamin D deficiency is a widespread public health problem as the prevalence of inadequate and deficient vitamin D status in pregnant women ranges from 5 to 84% globally. Objective: To assess risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and investigate the relation between maternal vitamin D level, and development of gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm labor. Patients and methods: Our prospective observational study included 100 pregnant women divided into 2 equal groups: group A had insufficient vitamin d level and group B had sufficient vitamin D level in serum with no risk factors. Vitamin D levels were measured on the MiniVidas (Biomerieux, France). Results: The incidence of preterm labor was 22%. There was a statistically significant association between hypovitaminosis D and preterm labor. There was no significant association between hypovitaminosis D and gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation. Conclusion: There was an association between hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy and preterm deliveries, No association between vitamin D deficiency and common pregnancy complications as gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension and intra uterine growth retardation.
Association between Hemoglobin and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy at Different Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background: To investigate the possible association of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and serum hemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with different glycosylated hemoglobin levels.Methods: A total of 995 patients were involved in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Laboratory medical data and electromyography results from the patients were collected. The patients were divided into five groups according to their HbA1c levels (Group 1: HbA1c ≤7%, Group 2: HbA1c 7% to ≤8%, Group 3: HbA1c 8% to ≤9%, Group 4: 9% to ≤10%, and Group 5: >10%). Differences in clinical data in the five groups were compared. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and binary logistic regression analysis were used. All analyses were performed using SPSS 24 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). P value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.Results: A correlation was found between the prevalence of DPN and anemia in both sex groups. Age, BMI, duration of diabetes, ALT, serum creatinine, TC, TG, LDL, FPG, FCP, and hemoglobin A1c differed to a statistically significant extent in different groups. Group 5 showed the highest prevalence of DPN in both sex groups. Hemoglobin levels were higher in Group 5 than in other groups, while composition of anemia was not statistically different. Binary logistic regression showed hemoglobin to be negatively related to the prevalence of DPN in Group 5 in men and in Group 4 in women.Conclusion: Hemoglobin level was negatively associated with the occurrence of DPN at the HbA1c level of >10% in men and 9 to 10% in women in T2DM patients. HbA1c must be considered in exploring the correlation between hemoglobin and DPN.
Of Mouse And Methyl: An Investigation Of Methyl Donors, Methylation And Methyltransferases In The Pfc

Gaining excessive weight during pregnancy occurs in over 50% of pregnancies in the United States. This excessive weight gain can lead to development of Large for Gestational Age (LGA) babies, or babies born in the top 10% for weight class at birth. LGA babies have increased risk for neurological disorders, including autism, schizophrenia and ADHD. Our lab models excessive gestational weight gain and LGA in a mouse model by feeding dams a 60% high fat (HF) diet throughout gestation and lactation. At weaning all offspring are fed control diet for the remainder of life. HF offspring have increased preference for palatable foods, increased learning and motivation deficits, disrupted gene expression in reward system neurocircuitry and both globaland promoter-specific DNA hypomethylation within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Dietary methyl donor nutrient supplementation (MS) during pregnancy has been shown to ameliorate some of these phenotypes in HF offspring as well as alter DNA methylation patterns. Because the PFC continues developing postnatally, we were interested in understanding whether MS given during early postnatal life (3-6 weeks) would also ameliorate behavioral and molecular phenotypes. Also, because HF offspring exhibit DNA hypomethylation throughout the brain, we were interested in whether DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) function could mediate these changes. Utilizing operant behavior training, gene and protein expression analysis and mass spectrometry we were able to answer these questions. We determined that early life MS can counteract deficits in motivation and learning in female offspring. Also that MS alters the concentrations of folate and methionine intermediates and gene expression directly after supplementation in the PFC tissue of male and female offspring. Finally, we determined that perinatal HF diet alters overall DNMT activity within the PFC without altering DNMT1 or DNMT3a expression in adult male and female offspring. This work adds to our understanding that long-term behavior and disease risk can be influenced by both maternal and early life diet. Therefore, it is important to continue study the mechanistic links between excessive gestational weight gain, perinatal HF diet exposure and MS to make better dietary recommendations that may combat disease risk. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Pharmacology First Advisor Teresa M. Reyes
Mechanical Complications of Central Venous Catheters in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)

Background: Central venous catheter (CVC) cannulations are associated with complications like arterial puncture, hematoma, pneumothorax and arrhythmias. These complications may be particularly dangerous in paediatric patients. Aim of the work: This was a prospective 6 month study to assess the incidence of mechanical complications to central venous catheters at the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Ain-Shams University Hospital. Patients and Methods: present study was a prospective observational study conducted on 109 patients with a 152 CVCs inserted to them who were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Ain Shams University Hospital from July to December 2017. They were observed for development of mechanical complications including arterial puncture, failed insertion, bleeding, false passage, pneumothorax, arrhythmia. Results: Among the total studied of 152 CVC cannulations, mechanical complications occurred in 6.6 % of cases. The complications included failed insertion (1.3%), arterial puncture (0.7%), false passage (0.7%), bleeding with hematoma (1.3 %), arrhythmia (1.3 %) and pneumothorax (1.3 %). Conclusion: mechanical complications have a low incidence in our study due to the use of ultrasound guidance during CVC insertion.
Terahertz VRT spectroscopy of the water hexamer-d12 prism: Dramatic enhancement of bifurcation tunneling upon librational excitation

Using diode laser vibration-rotation-tunneling spectroscopy near 15 Thz (500 cm−1), we have measured and assigned 142 transitions to three a-type librational subbands of the water hexamer-d12 prism. These subbands reveal dramatically enhanced (ca. 1000×) tunneling splittings relative to the ground state. This enhancement is in agreement with that observed for the water dimer, trimer, and pentamer in this same frequency region. The water prism tunneling motion has been predicted to potentially describe the motions of water in interfacial and confined environments; hence, the results presented here indicate that excitation of librational vibrations has a significant impact on the hydrogen bond dynamics in these macroscopic environments.
Effect of Modified Ultrafiltration on Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers and Clinical Outcome in Adult Patients Undergoing Valvular Heart Surgery

Background: Cardiac surgery associated with acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a common and serious postoperative complication of cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). CSA-AKI varies between 7% and 40% in large cohorts undergoing a variety of cardiac surgical procedures and is associated independently with increased morbidity and mortality. Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the effect of using modified ultrafiltration on acute kidney injury by using the levels of AKI biomarkers (serum creatinine and NGAL) in adult patients with no previous chronic renal disease undergoing valvular heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the cardiothoracic surgery unit, Kasr AL-Ainy hospital from February 2017 to July 2017 on 40 patients who underwent valve replacement surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group 1: Non-MUF group. Group 2: MUF group. Results: Regarding serum creatinine, the preoperative and 2h postoperative levels were not statistically different between the two studied groups (P>0.05), while in the non-MUF group, there was a significant increase (P 0.05) between AKI and non-AKI patients in preoperative levels while the postoperative creatinine levels were significantly higher (P<0.04) in AKI than non-AKI patients. Conclusion: AKI after cardiac surgery is independently associated with a significant increase in morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs.