Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A rare case of human taeniasis caused by Taenia saginata with species undetermined cysticercosis

Abstract Abstract Taeniasis and cysticercosis, which are caused by Taenia saginata, Taenia solium and Taenia asiatica, are zoonotic parasitic infections with a significant disease burden worldwide. There is consensus amongst experts that T. saginata is a common tapeworm that causes taeniasis in humans as opposed to cysticercosis. This case study of a middle-aged Tibetan man conducted in 2021 challenges the prevailing notion that T. saginata exclusively causes taeniasis and not cysticercosis by documenting symptoms and laboratory studies related to both taeniasis and multiple cysticercosis. The patient's medical record with the symptoms of taeniasis and cysticercosis was reviewed, and the tapeworm's proglottids and cyst were identified from the patient by morphological evaluation, DNA amplification and sequencing. The patient frequently experienced severe headaches and vomiting. Both routine blood screenings and testing for antibodies against the most common parasites were normal. After anthelmintic treatment, an adult tapeworm was found in feces, and medical imaging examinations suggested multiple focal nodules in the brain and muscles of the patient. The morphological and molecular diagnosis of the proglottids revealed the Cestoda was T. saginata. Despite the challenges presented by the cyst's morphology, the molecular analysis suggested that it was most likely T. saginata. This case study suggests that T. saginata infection in humans has the potential to cause human cysticercosis. However, such a conclusion needs to be vetted by accurate genome-wide analysis in patients with T. saginata taeniasis associated with cysts. Such studies shall provide new insights into the pathogenicity of T. saginata.
AI-assisted Initiation to Joint Attention Evaluation for Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits that affects a considerable percentage of the global population. Early detection of ASD allows for early intervention and ensures a better prognosis; however, there is a lack of screening tools that can objectively measure social deficiency and calculate the probability of ASD. Joint attention is a social skill that develops from an early age, and poor joint attention skills are thought to be a characteristic feature of ASD. We have devised a protocol for the collection of video data for joint attention from toddlers and preschool-aged children. Ten-second video clips of instances where the participant is expected to initiate joint attention are used as input data for the convolutional neural network-long short-term memory-attention classification model. The model distinguished children with ASD and those demonstrating with typical developmental patterns with high accuracy and precision. We validated our model using an attention mechanism to ascertain that the classifications were made based on certain social gestures rather than on random chance. To that end, this work could be further developed into an automatic computational system for autism screening in the general population, as well as an assistive diagnostic tool for mental health specialists to objectively measure the severity of social deficits.
Sample size recalculation for binary data in internal pilot study designs

For binary endpoints, the required sample size depends not only on the known values of significance level, power and clinically relevant difference but also on the overall event rate. However, the overall event rate may vary considerably between studies and, as a consequence, the assumptions made in the planning phase on this nuisance parameter are to a great extent uncertain. The internal pilot study design is an appealing strategy to deal with this problem. Here, the overall event probability is estimated during the ongoing trial based on the pooled data of both treatment groups and, if necessary, the sample size is adjusted accordingly. From a regulatory viewpoint, besides preserving blindness it is required that eventual consequences for the Type I error rate should be explained. We present analytical computations of the actual Type I error rate for the internal pilot study design with binary endpoints and compare them with the actual level of the chi‐square test for the fixed sample size design. A method is given that permits control of the specified significance level for the chi‐square test under blinded sample size recalculation. Furthermore, the properties of the procedure with respect to power and expected sample size are assessed. Throughout the paper, both the situation of equal sample size per group and unequal allocation ratio are considered. The method is illustrated with application to a clinical trial in depression. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
MILLENNIAL FINANCIAL ATTRIBUTES: STRUCTURAL MODELLING APPROACH

This study aims to determine the influence of Financial Literacy on electronic financial transaction decisions, the influence of financial management behavior on electronic financial transaction decisions, the influence of financial attitude on electronic financial transaction decisions, the influence of inclusion on electronic financial transaction decisions, the influence of transaction decisions electronic finance against consumptive behavior. This type of Research is Survey Research with Quantitative Approach. The samples used in this study were 96 samples with sampling techniques using non-probability and purposive sampling techniques. The data analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study show that financial literacy on electronic financial transaction decisions, financial management behavior towards consumptive behavior, financial attitude towards electronic financial transaction decisions and electronic financial transaction decisions towards consumptive behavior have a significant effect. Meanwhile, financial literacy towards consumptive behavior, financial management behavior towards electronic financial transaction decisions, financial attitude towards consumptive behavior, inclusion of electronic financial transaction decisions and inclusion of consumptive behavior have no significant effect.
Almost Kenmotsu Pseudo-Metric Manifolds

In this paper, we introduce the geometry of almost Kenmotsu pseudo-metric manifolds, emphasizing the analogies and diﬀerences with respect to the Riemannian case. After giving some fundamental formulas and properties of almost Kenmotsu pseudo-metric manifolds, some classi(cid:12)cation theorems of such manifolds being locally symmetric or satisfying some nullity conditions are investigated.
Improving the Corrosion Protection of Poly(phenylene methylene) Coatings by Side Chain Engineering: The Case of Methoxy-Substituted Copolymers

This work aims to improve the corrosion protection features of poly(phenylene methylene) (PPM) by sidechain engineering inserting methoxy units along the polymer backbone. The influence of side methoxy groups at different concentrations (4.6% mol/mol and 9% mol/mol) on the final polymer properties was investigated by structural and thermal characterization of the resulting copolymers: co-PPM 4.6% and co-PPM 9%, respectively. Then, coatings were processed by hot pressing the polymers powder on aluminum alloy AA2024 and corrosion protection properties were evaluated exposing samples to a 3.5% w/v NaCl aqueous solution. Anodic polarization tests evidenced the enhanced corrosion protection ability (i.e., lower current density) by increasing the percentage of the co-monomer. Coatings made with co-PPM 9% showed the best protection performance with respect to both PPM blend and PPM co-polymers reported so far. Electrochemical response of aluminum alloy coated with co-PPM 9% was monitored over time under two “artificially-aged” conditions, that are: (i) a pristine coating subjected to potentiostatic anodic polarization cycles, and (ii) an artificially damaged coating at resting condition. The first scenario points to accelerating the corrosion process, the second one models damage of the coating potentially occurring either due to natural deterioration or due to any accidental scratching of the polymer layer. In both cases, an intrinsic self-healing phenomenon was indirectly argued by the time evolution of the impedance and of the current density of the coated systems. The degree of restoring to the “factory conditions” by co-polymer coatings after self-healing events is eventually discussed.
Monte Carlo calculations of the elastic moduli and pressure-volume-temperature equation of state for hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine

Isothermal-isobaric Monte Carlo calculations were used to obtain predictions of the elastic coefficients and derived engineering moduli and Poisson ratios for crystalline hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). The elastic coefficients were computed using the strain fluctuation formula due to Rahman and Parrinello [J. Chem. Phys. 76, 2662 (1982)]. Calculations were performed as a function of temperature (218 K⩽T⩽333 K) and hydrostatic pressure (0 GPa⩽p⩽4 GPa). The predicted values of the moduli and Poisson ratios under ambient conditions are in accord with general expectations for molecular crystals and with a very recent, unpublished determination for RDX. The moduli exhibit a sensitive pressure dependence whereas the Poisson ratios are relatively independent of pressure. The temperature dependence of the moduli is comparable to the precision of the results. However, the crystal does exhibit thermal softening for most pressures. An additional product of the calculations is information about the pr.
Empirical Discrepancies and Subadditive Processes

If Xi,i=1,2,⋯Xi,i=1,2,⋯ are independent and identically distributed vector valued random variables with distribution F, and S is a class of subsets of Rd, then necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the almost sure convergence of (1/n)Dsn = supA∈S |(1/n) ∑ 1A(Xi)−F(A)| to zero. The criteria are defined by combinatorial entropies which are given as the time constants of certain subadditive processes. These time constants are estimated, and convergence results for (1/n)DnS obtained, for the classes of algebraic regions, convex sets, and lower layers. These results include the solution to a problem posed by W. Stute.
A 103.8-dB DR 25ps-to-35ns Resolution Time-to-Digital Converter with Dynamic Ring Oscillator for LiDAR Applications

As interest in autonomous driving increases, so does the demand for LiDAR sensors. However, a significant challenge for such a sensor is to achieve both a long distance range and high resolution. The required distance range is about 250 m, and the required resolution at close distance is about 2 cm, so a dynamic range (DR) of more than 80dB is required [1, 2]. The fine resolution at close range is important for safety, but not necessary for objects that are far away. Therefore, the work in [1] uses different types of converters depending on the distance: a time-to-digital converter (TDC) is used only for short ranges (<25m) and an additional analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used for long ranges (>25m). However, since it uses two types of converters, it has low area efficiency and high complexity, which would impose significant overhead, especially for multi-channel LiDAR sensors. This issue can be addressed in [2] by sharing the hardware (VCOs) between two converters. However, each converter requires different specifications on target ranges and it also requires additional effort to process the data from two converters.
Zwitterionic rhodamine-CPT prodrug nanoparticles with GSH/H2O2 responsiveness for cancer theranostics

Rationale: Fluorescently traceable prodrugs, which can monitor their biodistribution in vivo and track the kinetics of drug delivery in living cells, are promising for constructing theranostic medicines. However, due to their charge and hydrophobicity, most of the fluorescently traceable prodrugs exhibit high protein binding and non-specific tissue retention affecting in vivo distribution and toxicity, with high background signals. Methods: Herein, the zwitterionic rhodamine (RhB) and camptothecin (CPT) were bridged with a disulfide bond to construct a tumorous heterogeneity-activatable prodrug (RhB-SS-CPT). The interaction of zwitterionic RhB-SS-CPT with proteins was detected by UV and fluorescence spectroscopy, and further demonstrated by molecular docking studies. Then, intracellular tracking and cytotoxicity of RhB-SS-CPT were determined in tumor and normal cells. Finally, the in vivo biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and anticancer efficacy of RhB-SS-CPT were evaluated in a mouse animal model. Results: The tumorous heterogeneity-activatable RhB-SS-CPT prodrug can self-assemble into stable nanoparticles in water based on its amphiphilic structure. Particularly, the zwitterionic prodrug nanoparticles reduce the non-specific binding to generate a low background signal for better identification of cancerous lesions, achieve rapid internalization into cancer cells, selectively release bioactive CPT as a cytotoxic agent in response to high levels of GSH and H2O2, and exhibit high fluorescence that contributes to the visual chemotherapy modality. In addition, the RhB-SS-CPT prodrug nanoparticles show longer circulation time and better antitumor activity than free CPT in vivo. Interestingly, the zwitterionic nature allows RhB-SS-CPT to be excreted through the renal route, with fewer side effects. Conclusions: Zwitterionic features and responsive linkers are important considerations for constructing potent prodrugs, which provide some useful insights to design the next-generation of theranostic prodrugs for cancer.
Some implications of nonluminous matter in dwarf spheroidal galaxies.

Strong constraints are placed on the nature of nonluminous matter if it dominates the gravitational potential of dwarf spheroidal galaxies. In particular, the phase-space constraint in small galaxies sets a lower limit of several hundred eV on particle mass if the dark matter consists of noninteracting fermions. This limit is sufficiently strong to rule out neutrinos. Difficulties of a fundamental nature are also encountered even with more massive noninteracting particles. In scenarios where black holes comprise the nonluminous matter, they have to be less massive than approx.100 M/sub sun/.
Grape Berry Responses to Sequential Flooding and Heatwave Events: A Physiological, Transcriptional, and Metabolic Overview

Grapevine cultivation, such as the whole horticulture, is currently challenged by several factors, among which the extreme weather events occurring under the climate change scenario are the most relevant. Within this context, the present study aims at characterizing at the berry level the physiological response of Vitis vinifera cv. Sauvignon Blanc to sequential stresses simulated under a semi-controlled environment: flooding at bud-break followed by multiple summer stress (drought plus heatwave) occurring at pre-vèraison. Transcriptomic and metabolomic assessments were performed through RNASeq and NMR, respectively. A comprehensive hormone profiling was also carried out. Results pointed out a different response to the heatwave in the two situations. Flooding caused a developmental advance, determining a different physiological background in the berry, thus affecting its response to the summer stress at both transcriptional levels, with the upregulation of genes involved in oxidative stress responses, and metabolic level, with the increase in osmoprotectants, such as proline and other amino acids. In conclusion, sequential stress, including a flooding event at bud-break followed by a summer heatwave, may impact phenological development and berry ripening, with possible consequences on berry and wine quality. A berry physiological model is presented that may support the development of sustainable vineyard management solutions to improve the water use efficiency and adaptation capacity of actual viticultural systems to future scenarios.
Evidence for atomic hopping of Fe in perfectly icosahedral AlFeCu quasicrystals by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy

By 57 Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy in a special experimental set-up we have shown the existence of Fe atomic jumps in Al 62 Fe 25.5 Cu 12.5 perfect icosahedral quasicrystals. The (preliminary) results indicate that at 790 °C 20% of the Fe atoms are jumping at a time scale corresponding to 4 μeV.
Automated Forest Harvest Detection With a Normalized PlanetScope Imagery Time Series

Abstract The advent of CubeSat constellations is revolutionizing the ability to observe Earth systems through time. The improved spatial and temporal resolutions from these data could assist in tracking forest harvesting by forest management companies or government organizations interested in monitoring the sustainable management of forest resources. However, differing characteristics of individual satellites in each constellation requires study into geometric and radiometric normalization of the imagery and tuning parameters for change detection algorithms. In this study, a method for the spatial and temporal detection of forest harvest operations using images from the PlanetScope constellation was developed and implemented for a managed forest in Ontario, Canada. Temporal smoothing was applied on Landsat-normalized PlanetScope values of the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), and change points were detected based on the first derivative of the NDVI trend. Detected changes were compared to known locations of harvesting machines. Results indicate that 80–90% of harvested areas were detected, with temporal errors of approximately 9–10 days for two sites. Overall, this study demonstrated that forest harvesting can be detected with relative accuracy, deriving previously unavailable levels of spatial and temporal detail and enhancing the ability of forest stakeholders to monitor the sustainable use of forest resources.
Algorithms for constraint satisfaction

This paper describes the main algorithms for solving constraint satisfaction problems, and includes the corresponding encodings (the main different with respect [3] is that, in their paper, they provide a more informal description of the algorithms). We consider three main algorithmic approaches: search, inference and hybrid methods. Search methods can be divided into systematic and non-systematic. We present backtracking as an example of systematic search, and local search as an example of non-systematic search. Inference methods can be divided into complete and incomplete. We describe adaptive consistency as an example of complete inference, and several local consistency algorithms as incomplete inference. We also present some examples of hybrid methods which combine search and inference.
Analytical Study of Rotating Non-Newtonian Nanofluid on a Rotating Cone

Unsteady mixed convection flow of a rotating second grade nanofluid in a rotating cone is investigated. The governing coupled nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to nondimensional form with the help of similarity transformations, and then solved analytically with the help of the homotopy analysis method. Two cases of heat transfer are taken into account namely 1) prescribed wall temperature and 2) prescribed heat flux. The effects of relevant parameters on the velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction coefficients, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number have been examined graphically. At the end, a comparison of our analytical results and previous numerical results is presented.
The Free Energy Function of the Doi‐Edwards Theory: Analysis of the Instabilities in Stress Relaxation

The molecular model used by Doi and Edwards in developing their rheological theory admits a simple form for the free energy of deformation, at least when the independent alignment approximation is used. A general expression is derived, as well as the specific form which applies to an instantaneous shear deformation. The latter is used to analyze the possibility that instabilities, or “deformational phase separations,” arise in the course of stress relaxation experiments. The results of the analysis are compared with recent experimental results by Osaki and Kurata and by Vrentas and Graessley which show an anomalous relaxation behavior.
Physiological implications of SWEETs in plants and their potential applications in improving source–sink relationships for enhanced yield

Summary The sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET) family of transporters in plants is identified as a novel class of sugar carriers capable of transporting sugars, sugar alcohols and hormones. Functioning in intercellular sugar transport, SWEETs influence a wide range of physiologically important processes. SWEETs regulate the development of sink organs by providing nutritional support from source leaves, responses to abiotic stresses by maintaining intracellular sugar concentrations, and host–pathogen interactions through the modulation of apoplastic sugar levels. Many bacterial and fungal pathogens activate the expression of SWEET genes in species such as rice and Arabidopsis to gain access to the nutrients that support virulence. The genetic manipulation of SWEETs has led to the generation of bacterial blight (BB)‐resistant rice varieties. Similarly, while the overexpression of the SWEETs involved in sucrose export from leaves and pathogenesis led to growth retardation and yield penalties, plants overexpressing SWEETs show improved disease resistance. Such findings demonstrate the complex functions of SWEETs in growth and stress tolerance. Here, we review the importance of SWEETs in plant–pathogen and source–sink interactions and abiotic stress resistance. We highlight the possible applications of SWEETs in crop improvement programmes aimed at improving sink and source strengths important for enhancing the sustainability of yield. We discuss how the adverse effects of the overexpression of SWEETs on plant growth may be overcome.
Influence of Dietary Inulin on Fecal Microbiota, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Eicosanoids, and Oxidative Stress in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

The present study examined the influence of inulin on fecal microbiota, cardiometabolic risk factors, eicosanoids, and oxidative stress in rats on a high-fat (HF) diet. Thirty-six male Wistar–Kyoto rats were divided into three dietary groups: standard diet, HF diet, and HF diet + Inulin diet. After 10 weeks, the HF + Inulin diet promoted high dominance of a few bacterial genera including Blautia and Olsenella in feces while reducing richness, diversity, and rarity compared to the HF diet. These changes in fecal microbiota were accompanied by an increased amount of propionic acid in feces. The HF + Inulin diet decreased cardiometabolic risk factors, decreased the amount of the eicosanoids 11(12)-EET and 15-HETrE in the liver, and decreased oxidative stress in blood compared to the HF diet. In conclusion, increasing consumption of inulin may be a useful nutritional strategy to protect against the onset of obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities by means of modulation of gut microbiota.