Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Common and Speciﬁc Properties of Herpesvirus UL34/UL31 Protein Family Members Revealed by Protein Complementation Assay (cid:1)

The proteins encoded by the UL34 and UL31 genes of herpes simplex virus are conserved among herpes- viruses. They form a complex that is essential for the egress of the herpesvirus nucleocapsids from the nucleus. In previous work on the homologous protein complex in murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), we deﬁned their mutual binding domains. Here, we started to map binding domains within the UL34/UL31 proteins of alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesviruses and to locate other functional properties. A protein complementation assay (PCA) using the TEM-1 (cid:1) -lactamase fragments fused to UL31 and UL34 protein homologues was used to study protein-protein interactions in cells. Wild-type MCMV M50 and M53 provided a strong reaction in the PCA, whereas mutants unable to form a complex did not. The homologous pairs of herpes simplex virus type 1, pseudorabies virus, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and murine herpes virus 68 proteins also reacted, with the exception of the EBV proteins. Cross-complementation was found to be positive only within the same herpesvirus subfamily. Moreover, the HCMV homologues rescued replication-defective MCMV genomes lacking one or the other gene. We identiﬁed the binding site of M53 for M50 in the ﬁrst conserved region (CR1) (M. Loetzerich, Z. and U. H. Virol. Here we show that the CR1 of all tested UL31 proteins contains the UL34 binding site, and chimeric proteins carrying the subfamily-speciﬁc CR1 rescued the ability to cross-complement in the PCA. (aa) Gly/Ser spacer [(S 1 G 4 ) 2 S 2 G 4 S] were annealed and joined by XbaI digestion followed by ligation. The resulting DNA fragment was then inserted into the Litmus 28 vector (NEB) by BglII and AﬂII. The resulting construct was cut with BspEI and AﬂII, and the annealed HA1 and HA2 oligonucleotides coding for the hemag-glutinin (HA) tag were inserted, generating the cloning vector pL-HA-Spacer. The coding sequences for the N- and C-terminal parts of TEM-1 (cid:2) -lactamase (Bla; EC 3.5.2.6) were PCR ampliﬁed from the pUC19 vector (NEB) by use of the BlaNfor/BlaNrev and BlaCfor/BlaCrev primer pairs, respectively. The coding sequences for the N-terminal (aa 24 to aa 194) and C-terminal (aa 196 to aa 286) fragments of Bla were cloned into pL-HA-Spacer by BspEI/NheI and AﬂII/ BspEI and designated as pLHA-N and pLHA-C, respectively. The M50 mutant M50DM was generated by inverse PCR on pOriR6K-zeo-M50 (4) using the primers delmo-NheI-for and delmo2-Nhe-rev, resulting in pOriR6K-zeo-ie-M50DM. For construction of the BlaN-M50 fusions, the WT and mutant M50 fragments were PCR ampliﬁed from the corresponding expres- sion plasmids pOriR6K-zeo-ie-M50, pOriR6K-zeo-ie-M50-aa52, pOriR6K-zeo-ie-M50-aa114 (4), and pOriR6K-zeo-ie-M50DM by use of the primer pair M50for and M50rev. The obtained PCR fragments were brought into pLHA-N by SapI and AgeI. To generate the BlaC-M53 fusion, the M53 open reading frame (ORF)
Risk externalities

(Preliminary – most recent version here). Current analysis of macro-prudential policy has largely focused on excessive leverage and ﬁre sales, while abstracting from ﬁrm-level risk and portfolio decisions. We show that these matter for the design of optimal interventions. We study a macroeconomic model in which ﬁrms make investment decisions in the presence of both aggregate and ﬁrm-speciﬁc risk. Financial constraints limit access to external funds and tie each ﬁrm’s output to its net worth and a ﬁrm-speciﬁc return on investment. The laissez-faire outcome is constrained ineﬃcient, as individual decisions fail to internalize their consequences on the distribution of risky returns over other agents (a risk externality ). Firms are, at the same time, overexposed to aggregate risk and underexposed to idiosyncratic risk. In a quantitative exploration, interventions are shown to be counter-cyclical in their magnitude and to lead to large increases in aggregate TFP and output.
Antibiotics prescription pattern and resistance profile of common isolates at Soba university hospital a retrospective cross sectional study

Introduction : Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly global public health threat. An average of 45% of all patients are prescribed antibiotics. Nearly 50% of these prescribed antibiotics are unnecessary and they may promote the emergence of resistant strains. Antimicrobial stewardship programs have been introduced to tackle this problem. In this study we aim to determine the pattern of antibiotics prescription and resistance profile of common bacterial isolates at Soba university hospital, Sudan. Methods : A retrospective cross sectional study that was conducted at the medicine and surgery wards in a tertiary care hospital. Records of all patients who were admitted during the study period were included. A pretested data collection form was used to collect information. Results : Records of 269 inpatients were reviewed. The mean age of patients was 49.5 ± 18.7 years. The diagnoses cerebrovascular accident and chronic liver disease, with 10.6% and 7.1%, respectively. The mean duration of stay at the hospital was 6.6 ± 6 days. Almost 81.8% of admitted patients received antibiotics. The majority (38.7% and 34.2%) were given one, and two antibiotics, respectively. Most of the antibiotics were administered intravenously (82.1%). Third generation cephalosporin antibiotics (38%) and metronidazole (21.7%) were the most frequently prescribed. No documented indication for antibiotic prescription was found in 40.5% of cases. The main reason for stopping antibiotics was the patients’ discharge (63.6%). Of patients receiving antibiotics, only 5 (1.9%) had undergone culture. Complete blood count (CBC) was requested in nearly all patients (99.2%). A total of 100 cultures were performed during the study time. Most of them were urine cultures (64%). Escherichia coli was isolated from 14 (29.2%) cultures. Resistance percentage was highest for erythromycin, and oxacillin (100% for both). Conclusion: The study shows a trend of antibiotic misuse. Most patients received antibiotics without documented indication. Antibiotics sensitivity results showed high levels of resistance among isolated organisms. We recommend a wider study and formulation and implementation of clear guidelines to regulate antibiotic use.
Mechanism of Action of Human Interferons INDUCTION OF 2‘5’-OLIGO(A) POLYMERASE*

Interferons induce an enzymatic activity that poly- merizes ATP into 2’5’-oligoadenylate. This enzyme, designated 2’5’-oligo(A) polymerase, is induced in HeLa cells by type I interferon with a faster kinetics than by type II (immune) interferon. Cells treated with type I interferon in the presence of cycloheximide show ele-vated levels of polymerase when the inhibitor of pro- tein synthesis is removed and actinomycin D is added to the cultures to prevent further synthesis of mRNA. This suggests that, in the presence of cycloheximide, interferon can activate transcription of mRNA for the 2’5’-oligo(A) polymerase, which is subsequently trans- lated upon removal of this inhibitor. In contrast, cells treated with type TI interferon in the same way do not show increased levels of polymerase. This indicates that type 11 interferon cannot activate transcription of a stable mRNA for the polymerase when protein synthesis is inhibited. This observation and the different kinetics of induction of 2’5’-oligo(A) polymerase suggest major differences in the mechanism of action of the different types of interferon, with type I being a “direct” inducer of the polymerase and type 11 an *‘in-direct” inducer. The commitment of HeLa cells to the induction of 2’5’-oligo(A) polymerase declines if the cells are ex- posed to type I interferon in the presence of an inhibitor of RNA synthesis. This suggests that transcription of specific mRNAs is transiently activated by interferon and that repeated
LOCAL SCALE INVARIANCE AND CONTINGENT CLAIM PRICING II: PATH-DEPENDENT CONTINGENT CLAIMS

This article is the second one in a series on the use of local scale invariance in finance. In the first [6], we introduced a new formalism for the pricing of derivative securities, which focuses on tradable objects only, and which completely avoids the use of mar tingale techniques. In this article we show the use of the formalism in the context of path-dependent options. We derive compact and intuitive formulae for the prices of a whole range of well-known options such as arithmetic and geometric average options, barriers, rebates and lookback options. Some of these have not appeared in the litera ture before. For example, we find rather elegant formulae for double barrier options with exponentially moving barriers, continuous dividends and all possible configurations of the barriers. The strength of the formalism reveals itself in the ease with which these prices can be derived. This allowed us to pinpoint some mistakes regarding geometric mean options, which frequently appear in the literature. Furthermore, symmetries such as put-call transformations appear in a natural way within the framework.
Corporate Social Activities and Adjusted Firm Performance: An SOE’s Context

: This study examines the empirical effect of the relationship between corporate social activities and firm performance in the state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This paper focuses upon the SOE context due to specific regulations for this kind of company. This study analyzed the individual performance and industry-adjusted firm performance for both SOE and non-SOE. Based upon 683 firm-year observations, we found that corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities improve firm performance. Moreover, SOEs do not moderate the relationship between CSR activities and company performance. However, the subgroup analysis demonstrated different result. CSR significantly affects firm performance for the non-SOE companies and vice versa for the SOEs. This finding indicates that CSR activities as mandatory for SOEs might be the factor that caused the insignificant effect towards the SOEs’ performance. The research implicates to the regulators to set standards or guidelines for sustainability practices, especially for SOEs.
RELEVANCE OF SERUM LH/FSH/PROLACTIN AND ANTI MULLERIAN HORMONE ESTIMATION IN INVITRO FERTILIZATION

Background: Infertility has been considered a field of importance in public health circles due to its high prevalence and its social effects on affected couples and families. Detection and evaluation of incidence of infertility and prevalence in a population is achieved through surveillance which includes determination of the different types of infertility clinically and the use of various laboratory investigations for its detection and treatment. Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the relevance of serum AMH, LH, FSH and Prolactin measurement in women seeking invitro fertilization in our environment. Methodology: This was a cross sectional prospective study were women assessing invitro fertilization (IVF) intervention at Kauna Specialist Hospital, Jos, Nigeria were enrolled. Demographic data was collected using self administered questionnaires with special attention focused on known history of female infertility. 10 mls of venous blood was collected from each subject, into plain containers and allowed to clot. The samples were analyzed for hormone concerntrations using enzyme immunoassay (EIA), according to the World Health Organization (WHO) matched reagent programme protocol (manual) for EIA kits (protocol/version of December 1998 for Prolactin, LH, FSH; and protocol 09.3.1 for AMH). Data generated were analysed using SPSS version 21 for simple statistical analysis and comparism of means between groups, p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 124 infertile women seeking invitro fertilization due to different etiology of infertility were monitored in the course of their treatment. The positive pregnant women had a mean serum AMH of 11.61ng/ml,SD=13.896 while the non pregnant women had mean =27.5ng/ml5, SD=43.919, p=0.003) A pearson correlation(r=-0.201,p=0.025) was obtained for pregnancy outcome following IVF and serum AMH level. In addition, r=0.705(p=0.000) was obtained when serum FSH and LH were compared for possible association based on IVF success. Conclusion: Our study suggests that serum AMH levels decreased steadily with increasing age in cases of infertility. In addition, Serum FSH and LH had a positive correlation which may imply that they are good predictors of ovarian reserve.Mesurement of serum AMH, LH, FSH and Prolactin are relevant for evaluation of possible IVF success rate.
Comparison of Two Diagnostic Methods of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children with Urinary Tract Infection

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is common in children and vesicoureteral reflux is one of its predisposing factors. Contrast cystography and radionuclide cystography are two common methods for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux. This study compared two methods, indirect radionuclide cystography (IRC) with voiding cycling method and voiding cystoureterography with contrast (VCUG). Materials & Methods: This analytical study was conducted on 55 children with urinary tract infection who were referred to our nephrology clinic in six months. In order to diagnose urinary reflux, 109 ureters (one child had a single kidney) were evaluated using IRC and VCUG methods with a one-month interval. Kappa coefficient was used to determine the agreement rate, and the McNemar’s test was employed to compare the ability of two methods in the diagnosis of VUR. Results: The mean age of the children was 5.4 years (range: 6 months to 13 years). A total of 38 children (69%) were female and 17 (30.9%) were male. Seventy percent of the children older than three years old had urinary control. From 109 ureters, 29 (26.4%) with urinary reflux were detected by the IRC method, whereas only 15 (13.6%) were diagnosed using VCUG. Statistically, the two methods did not have agreement in the diagnosis of VUR (Kappa: 0.556, p< 0.001) and the IRC method had more power to diagnose VUR in comparison with VCUG. Conclusions: Although we observed a significant difference in the diagnostic value of two methods, the choice of diagnostic method depends on specific technical conditions. However, in ideal conditions, the IRC method is suggested to be performed since it is more powerful in the diagnosis of urinary reflux. Keywords : Vesico-Ureteral reflux; Urinary Tract Infections; Pediatrics; Diagnostic Imaging.
The Case for the Consideration of Conception Parameters in Studies on Innovation in Management Accounting

Field research in management accounting has emerged twenty yean ago after the calls from R.S. Kaplan in the USA and A. Hopwood in Europe. In the area of cost management, the emergence of activity-based costing (ABC) has initiated an intensive research program in cost accounting. The research questions addressed in this program have focused essentially on the diffusion process for ABC, the determinants of the adoption and the influence of ABC implementation on performance. All these studies are based on the assumption that ABC systems are similar and correspond to the conventional ABC model that was developed in the early 1990s. This hypothesis contradicts initial and present observations. ABC implementations are not homogeneous. This assumption does not enable researchers to provide a better understanding of the way managers design, implement and use ABC systems. The development of a typology of ABC systems, based on design parameters, may help to improve this gap. However, this ambition implies that academics have to renew, at least partially the research methods that are being used.
Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Meliaceae) stem bark in albino rats

Pseudocedrela kotschyi is a monoiceous plant used traditionally to treat many diseases. The present work has been designed to evaluate the toxicological profile of aqueous extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi stem bark in experimental rats. Acute toxicity was conducted as Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines 425 where limit dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight was used. Body weight, water intake and food consumption were recorded during 14 days. In sub-chronic toxicity test, distilled water or aqueous extract at the doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg were daily administrated to rats for 28 days. Haematological, biochemical and histological parameters were evaluated at the end of the treatment. In acute toxicity study, Pseudocedrela kotschyi significantly increased (p˂0.05) food consumption, water intake and relative body weight. In subchronic toxicity study, Pseudocedrela kotschyi significantly increased (p˂0.05; p˂0.001) water intake, food consumption, relative body weight, total protein and HDL-c, and significantly decreased(p˂0.05) LDL-c and triglycerides. Extract significantly increased (p˂0.05; p˂0.001) platelet at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Histopathological examinations showed abnormal architecture of liver and kidney at dose of 400 mg/kg. These findings, therefore supported the traditional believes on effect of the stem barks of Pseudocedrela kotschyi at lower dose.
MANAGEMENT OF Lasiodiplodia theobromae , THE CAUSAL AGENT OF MANGO TREE DECLINE DISEASE IN GHANA

Mango ( Mangifera indica L.), is one of the economically most important crops in Ghana. It is recognised for its popularity in contributing to food and nutritional security. Despite its economic importance, mango tree decline disease, caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae, poses a serious threat to the mango industry in the country. The objective of this study was to evaluate fungicides (i.e., carbendazim, zamir, mancozeb, funguran and sulphur 80) and bio pesticides ( Chromolaena odorata , Azadirachta indica and Carica papaya) against L. theobromae . The results showed that all the tested fungicides, except for sulphur 80, inhibited mycelial radial growth of L. theobromae , with carbendazim and funguran improving the vegetative growth of the shoots and leaves in the field. Mango trees treated with carbendazim, after the third spray, had no disease symptoms. However, application of urea fertiliser and carbendazim (50 g 15 L -1 water), at a two-week spraying interval in the field, reduced the severity of L. theobromae . Application of biopesticides (plant extracts) showed that C. odorata had the highest efficacy, followed by A. indica and then C. papaya. Although further studies on plant extracts in the field are required, our findings provide important information for the development of integrated management strategies for the pathogen, and the disease it transmits.
Does islet size really influence graft function following clinical islet transplantation?

Background. It has been proposed that islet transplants comprised primarily of small rather than large islets may provide better graft function, due to their lower susceptibility to hypoxic damage. Our aim was to determine whether islet size correlated with in vivo graft function in islet transplant recipients with C peptide negative type 1 diabetes when islets have undergone pre-transplant islet culture. Methods. Human pancreatic islets were isolated, cultured for 24hours and infused by standardised protocols. 90 min-stimulated C-peptide concentrations were determined during a standard meal tolerance test 3 months post-transplant. The islet isolation index (IEq/islet number) was determined immediately after isolation and again before transplantation (after tissue culture). This was correlated with patient insulin requirement or stimulated C-peptide. Results. Changes in insulin requirement did not significantly correlate with islet isolation index. Stimulated C-peptide correlated weakly with IEq at isolation (p=0.40) and significantly with IEq at transplantation (p=0.018). Stimulated C-peptide correlated with islet number at isolation (p=0.013) and more strongly with the islet number at transplantation (p=0.001). In contrast, the correlation of stimulated C-peptide and islet isolation index was weaker (p=0.018) and this was poorer at transplantation (p=0.034). Using linear regression, the strongest association with graft function was islet number (r=0.722, p=0.001). Islet size was not related to graft function after adjusting for islet volume or number. Conclusion. These data show no clear correlation between islet isolation index and graft function; both small and large islets are suitable for transplantation provided the islets have survived a short culture period post-isolation.
Complement Activation Role for the Alternative Pathway of Reperfusion Injury and Reveal an Important against Posttransplant Cardiac Ischemia and Targeted Complement Inhibitors Protect

Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is an unavoidable event during solid organ transplantation and is a major contributor to early graft dysfunction and subsequent graft immunogenicity. In a therapeutic paradigm using targeted complement inhibitors, we investigated the role of complement, and speciﬁcally the alternative pathway of complement, in IRI to heart isografts. Mouse heterotopic isograft heart transplants were performed in C57BL/6 mice treated with a single injection of either CR2-Crry (inhibits all complement pathways) or CR2-fH (inhibits alternative complement pathway) immediately posttransplantation. Transplanted hearts were harvested at 12 and 48 h for analysis. Both inhibitors resulted in a signiﬁcant reduction in myocardial IRI, as measured by histology and serum cardiac troponin I levels. Furthermore, compared with untreated controls, both inhibitors reduced graft complement deposition, neutrophil and macrophage inﬁltration, adhesion molecule expression (P-selectin, E-selec-tin, and I-CAM-1), and proinﬂammatory cytokine expression (TNF- a , IL-1 b , KC, and MCP-1). The reduction in myocardial damage and cellular inﬁltration was not signiﬁcantly different between CR2-Crry– and CR2-fH–treated mice, although adhesion molecule and cytokine levels were signiﬁcantly lower in CR2-Crry–treated mice compared with CR2-fH–treated mice. In con-clusion, the alternative complement pathway plays a major contributing role in myocardial IRI after heart transplantation, and local (targeted) complement inhibition has the potential to provide an effective and safe therapeutic strategy to reduce graft injury. Although total complement blockade may be somewhat more efﬁcacious in terms of reducing inﬂammation,
MiceHampers the Resolution of the Infection in Infection but Escherichia coli Injury After Protects Against Liver 2 Prostaglandin E

cAMP-increasing agents such as prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) are known to protect against LPS-induced liver injury by down-regulating the production of inﬂammatory cytokines such as TNF- a . However, the effects of such reagents on host defense against bacterial infection remain unknown. We show here that in vivo administration of PGE 2 signiﬁcantly protected mice against liver injury after Escherichia coli infection but hampered the resolution of the infection. PGE 2 signiﬁcantly suppressed circulating TNF- a and IL-12 levels but increased the IL-10 production after E. coli challenge. PGE 2 inhibited the emergence of gd T cells in the peritoneal cavity, which are important for host defense against E. coli , and deteriorated bacterial exclusion in the peritoneal cavity after E . coli challenge. These results suggested that PGE 2 affects host defense mechanisms against E . coli infection through modulation of cytokine production and gd T cell accumulation. The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 161: 3019–3025. The combined local these g