Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-period line profile and light variations in the Herbig Ae star V351 Orionis

We present 318 high-dispersion echelle spectra and 450 UBVRCIC observations of the pre-main-sequence star V351 Orionis. These data were obtained simultaneously over a two-week period. The star is unusual in that it no longer shows the frequent sharp fadings that occurred prior to 1986. We find features characteristic of Herbig Ae stars: Hα emission, sharp and broad Na ii absorption components and weak He i absorption. The Hα profile is strongly variable with a time-scale of 1 d and normally is an inverse P Cygni profile, but on occasions overt emission disappears altogether. The equivalent widths of the sharp Na ii absorption lines have decreased quite markedly since 1995, indicating a decrease in the column density of gas in the line of sight. We also detect very weak forbidden [O i] emission. There is no evidence for veiling of the star, but a possible 1.0-d or 0.5-d period in the equivalent widths of the lines could indicate the presence of an accretion hotspot. The star is of particular interest because it is pulsating. We detect at least two periods in the light variation and a further period from the radial velocity variations. Attempts at photometric mode identification were not successful, but from the morphology of the line profiles we can identify one mode as non-radial. In addition, we see on some nights several residual absorption subfeatures moving across the line profile from blue to red. These are almost certainly caused by one or more modes of high degree (l≈8).
Leader-following consensus of linear multi-agent systems with state-observer under switching topologies

In this paper, the leader-following consensus problem of higher order multi-agent systems is considered. The dynamics of each agent is given in general form of linear system and the communication topology among the agents is assumed to be undirected and switching. To track the active leader, a distributed observer-based consensus protocol is proposed to each following agent, which is based on the relative outputs of neighboring agents. A sufficient consensus condition is established by used parameter-dependent lyapunov function method under switching communication topologies. Two gain matrices used in the proposed protocol can be constructed by solving the Riccati equation and Sylvester equation respectively. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate our obtained result.
Shuttlecock aerodynamics

Badminton is as popular as lawn tennis (when `popular' is de®ned by the number of adults who play the game). Indeed, the origin of the game, played with a feather shuttlecock, in the mid-19th century is said to predate lawn tennis. The invention of the cheaper, more durable synthetic shuttlecock in the 1950s gave the game a wider appeal. Yet, manufacturers have still to produce a synthetic shuttlecock that exactly mirrors the ̄ight of the feather shuttlecock during the game of badminton, a goal they have striving to reach for over 40 years. This paper describes experiments which were devised to understand the ̄ow regime around a shuttlecock and to accurately determine a data set of aerodynamic coef®cients for selected feather and synthetic shuttlecocks. The drag, lift and pitching moment coef®cients were measured for a range of Reynolds Numbers (based on maximum skirt diameter) selected to cover most velocities reached in a badminton game; 13 000 < Re < 190 000 (3 to 44 m s). The results form part of a wider programme of research which examined the differences between feather and synthetic shuttlecocks and ultimately led to a new product.
Empirical likelihood confidence regions in a partially linear single‐index model

Summary. Empirical‐likelihood‐based inference for the parameters in a partially linear single‐index model is investigated. Unlike existing empirical likelihood procedures for other simpler models, if there is no bias correction the limit distribution of the empirical likelihood ratio cannot be asymptotically tractable. To attack this difficulty we propose a bias correction to achieve the standard χ2‐limit. The bias‐corrected empirical likelihood ratio shares some of the desired features of the existing least squares method: the estimation of the parameters is not needed; when estimating nonparametric functions in the model, undersmoothing for ensuring √n‐consistency of the estimator of the parameters is avoided; the bias‐corrected empirical likelihood is self‐scale invariant and no plug‐in estimator for the limiting variance is needed. Furthermore, since the index is of norm 1, we use this constraint as information to increase the accuracy of the confidence regions (smaller regions at the same nominal level). As a by‐product, our approach of using bias correction may also shed light on nonparametric estimation in model checking for other semiparametric regression models. A simulation study is carried out to assess the performance of the bias‐corrected empirical likelihood. An application to a real data set is illustrated.
Are the filaments formed by synchrotron thermal instability bright

Previous analyses of the formation of filaments by the synchrotron-inverse-Compton thermal instability (STI) have assumed a relativistic Maxwellian distribution of electrons, rather than a power-law distribution as observed. In these analyses, the hypothesis of a monoenergetic spectrum does not permit determination of the true evolution of the volume emissivity as a function of the spectral luminosity in the filament. It is thus not possible to conclude whether the filaments formed by STI, such as in supernova remnants and extragalactic radio lobes and jets, are effectively bright or dark compared to the adjacent ambient region when observed at a given frequency
Ultraviolet images of M101 - Observations of dust and inferences on the metallicity

Since extreme Population I dominates three rocketborne telescope UV images of the Sc I galaxy NGC 5457, the delineation of the spiral structure is sharper than that of ground photographs. The UV pictures, in which the H II regions appear as reflection nebulae and illumine the nearby dust, reveal faint arms which, although correlated with the 21 cm H I radiograph, are only marginally detectable on deep visual photographs. The surface brightness of the arms is explainable in terms of UV light scattering off dust from hot stars and bright H II regions, in which case the dust would have extinction properties and a dust-to-gas ratio similar to that in the solar neighborhood and would in addition suggest that the NGC 5457 outer arm metal content is similar to that of the galaxy.
A Modified Low-Reynolds-Number k-ω Model for Recirculating Flows

A modified form of Wilcox's low-Reynolds-number k-ω model (Wilcox) is proposed for predicting recirculating flows. The turbulent diffusion for the specific dissipation rate, ω, is modeled with two parts: a second-order diffusion term and a first-order cross-diffusion term. The model constants are re-established. The damping functions are redevised, which reproduce correct near-wall asymptotic behaviors, and retain the mechanism describing transition as in the original model. The new model is applied to channel flow, backward-facing step flow with a large expansion ratio (H/h = 6), and recirculating flow in a ventilation enclosure. The predictions are considerably improved
Numerical Study of Two-Winged Insect Hovering Flight

Abstract. The two-winged insect hovering flight is investigated numerically using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). A virtual model of two elliptic foils with flapping motion is used to study the aerodynamic performance of the insect hovering flight with and without the effect of ground surface. Systematic studies have been carried out by changing some parameters of the wing kinematics, including the stroke amplitude, attack angle, and the Reynolds number for the insect hovering flight without ground effect, as well as the distance between the flapping foils and the ground surface when the ground effect is considered. The influence of the wing kinematic parameters and the effect of the ground surface on the unsteady forces and vortical structures are analyzed. The unsteady forces acting on the flapping foils are verified to be closely associated with the time evolution of the vortex structures, foil translational and rotational accelerations, and interaction between the flapping foils and the existed vortical flow. Typical unsteady mechanisms of lift production are identified by examining the vortical structures around the flapping foils. The results obtained in this study provide some physical insight into the understanding of the aerodynamics and flow structures for the insect hovering flight.
Local standardized incidence ratio estimates and comparison with other mapping methods for small geographical areas using Slovenian breast cancer data

Cancer maps are important tools in the descriptive presentation of the cancer burden. The objective is to explore the advantages and disadvantages of mapping methods based on point data in comparison with maps based on aggregated data. Four types of maps were prepared based on the same underlying data set on breast cancer incidence in Slovenian females, 2002–2004. First, the standardized incidence ratios (SIR) by municipalities are mapped in a traditional way. Second, two maps applying widely used smoothing methods are presented, both based on aggregated municipalities’ data: floating weighted averages and the Bayesian hierarchical modelling. Finally, the new alternative method based on exact cancer cases and population coordinates is applied – called the local SIR estimates. The decreasing west to east trend is visible on all map types. Smoothing produced more stable and less noisy SIR estimates. The map of the local SIR estimates emphasizes extremes, but unlike the map, based on the observed SIR, these estimates are statistically stable, enabling more accurate evaluation. The main advantages of local SIR estimates over the other three methods are the abilities of revealing more localized patterns and ignoring the arbitrary administrative borders. The disadvantage is that the geocoded data are not always available.
High-resolution measurements of the K-alpha spectra of low-ionizationm species of iron: A new spectral signature of nonequilibrium ionization conditions in young supernova remnants

We present the first systematic laboratory measurements of high-resolution K-alpha spectra of intermediate ions of iron, Fe X-XVII. These lines are not produced in collisional equilibrium plasmas because of the relevant charge states cannot exist at the high electron temperatures required for appreciable excitation of the K-alpha transitions. However, they can provide excellent spectral diagnostics for nonequilibrium ionization conditions, such the ionizing plasmas of young supernova remnants. To facilitate the line identifications, we compare our spectra with theoretical atomic calculations performed using multiconfiguration parametric potential and Dirac-Fock atomic codes. Our measurements also allow direct comparison with time-dependent ionization balance calculations for ionizing plasmas, and good agreement is found.
The 2175 Å Extinction Bump in QSO Spectra

The 2175 Å absorption bump, a feature often ascribed to graphite grains and ubiquitous in the spectra of sight lines through the Galactic diffuse interstellar medium, is generally weak or nonexistent for objects outside our Galaxy. Many active galaxies seem to have Small Magellanic Cloud–type dust extinction, suggesting that the presence of the bump in our Galaxy may be exceptional. Recently, it was suggested that the spectrum of the high‐ionization broad absorption line QSO UM 425 shows a 2175 Å feature. This apparent feature seen in UM 425 and the rest frame spectra of other QSOs is intrinsic to the QSO spectrum. It is the result of a relative absence of emission near 2200 Å. Thus far, no significant detection of the 2175 Å bump in a QSO has been reported.
Microwave transmission of free-standing metasurfaces consisting of square metal patch

The transmission characteristics of free-standing metasurfaces consisting of square metal patch, which rotated 45° (which is defined as the rotated metasurfaces) or 0° (which is defined as the regular metasurfaces) around their array arrangement direction, have been studied at microwave frequencies. The proposed metasurfaces in vacuum environment, considered as free-standing planar frequency selective surfaces, are analyzed for searching its transmission characteristics with variable dimension at different frequencies. For the rotated metasurfaces, a bizarre phenomenon, in which transmission will increase inversely as the size of the rotated square metal patch is increased, can be observed at the periodicity of these arrays between 2λ/3 and 4λ/5, where λ is the considered wavelength. But for the regular metasurfaces, this phenomenon cannot be observed. In addition, the rotated metasurfaces and the regular metasurfaces loading on infinite resistive sheet are also studied for discussing its transmission and reflection properties with similar conditions. It is found that the regular metasurfaces loading on infinite resistive sheet show almost linear variable electromagnetic characteristic with the variable size of the regular metasurfaces at a broad frequency range. However, because of the scattering mechanism of evanescent diffraction, the similar linear relationship of electromagnetic characteristic cannot be obtained from the rotated case. These results can be used as a guide for realizing tensor impedance surfaces with various gradient properties.
NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF SURFACE WAVES USING NEW NODAL EQUATIONS

Abstract Various numerical models using nodal equations have been proposed to simulate the behavior of ultrasonic waves in materials precisely. These simulation methods are effective for the investigation of the property of elastic waves inside solid, but they give discrepancy on the calculation of boundary phenomena of ultrasonics, i.e. surface wave behavior. In the present report, a new nodal formulation is proposed, by which the behavior of surface waves can be correctly simulated. The equations are for the 2-dimensional simulation, but the formulation procedure is applicable to 3-dimensional problems. Results calculated by the equations are demonstrated by predicting properties of elliptical motions in surface waves, showing that the simulated results are in good agreement with those by theoretical predictions.
Study of the attractor structure of an agent-based sociological model

The Sznajd model is a sociophysics model that is based in the Potts model, and used for describing opinion propagation in a society. It employs an agent-based approach and interaction rules favouring pairs of agreeing agents. It has been successfully employed in modeling some properties and scale features of both proportional and majority elections (see for instance the works of A. T. Bernardes and R. N. Costa Filho), but its stationary states are always consensus states. In order to explain more complicated behaviours, we have modified the bounded confidence idea (introduced before in other opinion models, like the Deffuant model), with the introduction of prejudices and biases (we called this modification confidence rules), and have adapted it to the discrete Sznajd model. This generalized Sznajd model is able to reproduce almost all of the previous versions of the Sznajd model, by using appropriate choices of parameters. We solved the attractor structure of the resulting model in a mean-field approach and made Monte Carlo simulations in a Barabási-Albert network. These simulations show great similarities with the mean-field, for the tested cases of 3 and 4 opinions. The dynamical systems approach that we devised allows for a deeper understanding of the potential of the Sznajd model as an opinion propagation model and can be easily extended to other models, like the voter model. Our modification of the bounded confidence rule can also be readily applied to other opinion propagation models.
A Simple Model for the Synoptic Analysis of Cold Fronts

A split cold front model, with an over-running upper front (or humidity front) ahead of a surface front (or humidity front), is shown to provide a useful representation of the principal characteristics of many katafronts. The use of such a model leads to more consistent analyses, especially of cloud and rain, than are achieved using unmodified classical concepts.
Thyroxine promotes lung cancer growth in an orthotopic mouse model.

Thyroid hormones are important for physiology and homeostasis. In addition to nuclear thyroid hormone receptors, the plasma membrane protein integrin αvβ3 has been recognized as a receptor for both thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Here, we studied whether thyroid hormone promotes growth of murine lung cancer via αvβ3 in vivo. Murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells (3LL), stably transfected with luciferase, were injected into mouse lungs. Tumor growth in untreated mice was compared to hypothyroid mice and hypothyroid mice treated with T3 or T4 with or without the αvβ3 inhibitor 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid (Tetrac). Tumor progression was determined by serial in vivo imaging of bioluminescence emitted from the tumor. Tumor weight was recorded at the end of the experiment. Neoangiogenesis was determined by immunohistochemistry for CD31. Tumor growth was reduced in hypothyroidism and increased by T4 treatment. Strikingly, only T4 but not T3 treatment promoted tumor growth. This T4 effect was abrogated by the αvβ3 inhibitor Tetrac. Tumor weight and neoangiogenesis were also significantly increased only in T4 treated mice. The T4 effect on tumor weight and neoangiogenesis was abolished by Tetrac. In vitro, T4 did not stimulate 3LL cell proliferation or signaling pathway activation. We conclude that T4 promotes lung cancer growth in this orthotopic mouse model. The tumor promoting effect is mediated via the plasma membrane integrin αvβ3 and increased neoangiogenesis rather than direct stimulation of 3LL cells. These data suggest that such effects of levothyroxine may need to be considered in cancer patients on T4 substitution.
Transient flow of a viscous compressible fluid in a circular tube after a sudden point impulse transverse to the axis

The flow of a viscous compressible fluid in a circular tube generated by a sudden impulse at a point on the axis and directed transverse to the axis is studied on the basis of the linearized Navier–Stokes equations. A no-slip boundary condition is assumed to hold on the wall of the tube. The flow behaviour differs qualitatively from that for a point impulse in the direction of the axis in that there is no coupling to a diffusive sound mode. As a consequence, the transverse velocity autocorrelation function of a suspended Brownian particle decays at long times faster than t−3/2.
Entanglement of E8E8 Exceptional Lie Symmetry Group Dark Energy, Einstein’s Maximal Total Energy and the Hartle-Hawking No Boundary Proposal as the Explanation for Dark Energy

The present note is concerned with two connected and highly important fundamental questions of physics and cosmology, namely if E8E8 Lie symmetry group describes the universe and where cosmic dark energy comes from. Furthermore, we reason following Wheeler, Hartle and Hawking that since the boundary of a boundary is an empty set which models the quantum wave of the cosmos, then it follows that dark energy is a fundamental physical phenomenon associated with the boundary of the holographic boundary. This leads directly to a clopen universe which is its own Penrose tiling-like multiverse with energy density in full agreement with COBE, WMAP and Type 1a supernova cosmic measurements.
A novel compact UWB BPF with independently controllable double notched bands and super wide upper stopband

This paper presents a novel compact ultra-wideband bandpass filter without and with single or multiple notched bands with significant improvements in size reduction and upper stopband enhancement in comparison with its classical counterparts. A new multiple-mode resonator capable of producing multiple transmission zeros is exploited in the filter structure to produce notch bands and improve performance of the upper stopband. A parallel-coupled structure with tapped-line input/output is applied to significantly improve the selectivity and out-of-band rejection. The proposed filter achieves outstanding electrical performance, with wide passband from 2.93 to 10.64 GHz, two notched bands centered at 5.68 and 8 GHz with rejection level better than 40 dB, low insertion loss, high passband return loss, and wide stopband with suppression level better than −25 dB up to 30 GHz. These attractive features make the proposed filter a viable candidate for any number of broadband wireless communications and radar systems.
Cell size and chloroplast size in relation to chloroplast replication in light-grown wheat leaves

As part of an investigation into the control of chloroplast replication the number and size of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was examined in relation to the size of the cells. In first leaves of Triticum aestivum L. and T. monocoecum L. the number of chloroplasts in fully expanded mesophyll cells is positively correlated with the plan area of the cells. The linear relationship between chloroplast number per cell and cell plan area is also consistent over a fivefold range of cell size in isogenic diploid and tetraploid T. monococcum. In T. aestivum the chloroplast number per unit cell plan area varies among cells in relation to the size of the chloroplasts. Those cells containing chloroplasts with a relatively small face area have a correspondingly higher density of chloroplasts, and consequently, the total chloroplast area per unit cell plan area is very similar in all the cells. The results indicate that the proportion of the cell surface area covered by chloroplasts is precisely regulated, and that this is achieved during cell development by growth and replication of the chloroplasts.
UNIT ROOT TESTS WITH INFINITE VARIANCE ERRORS

This paper considers the asymptotic properties of some unit root test statistics with the errors belonging to the domain of attraction of a symmetric α-stable law with 0 < α < 2. The results obtained can be viewed as a parallel extension of the asymptotic results for the finite-variance case. The test statistics considered are the Dickey-Fuller, the Lagrange multiplier, the Durbin-Watson and Phillips-type modified. Their asymptotic distributions are expressed as functionals of a standard symmetric α-stable Lévy motion. Percentiles of these test statistics are obtained by computer simulation. Asymptotic distributions of sample moments that are part of the test statistics are found to have explicit densities. A small Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to assess small-sample performance of these test statistics for heavy-tailed errors.
Spin pumping by parametrically excited short-wavelength spin waves

We use both parallel and perpendicular parametric pumping techniques to excite short-wavelength spin waves in an yttrium iron garnet film and study the spin current generation from spin waves excited by these pumping methods with the help of the inverse spin-Hall effect in the adjacent Pt layer. We observed clear spin current generations for these pumping techniques and find that the efficiency is nearly independent of the magnitude and the direction of the wave vectors of excited spin waves. These experimental results are important for future spintronic devices operated by short-wavelength spin waves.