Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigations of Double Surface Co-Flow Jet Transonic Airfoil

The objective of this thesis is to investigate The objective of this thesis is to investigate the double surface Co-Flow Jet (CFJ) on the transonic supercritical RAE2822 airfoil. Configurations are explored to improved CFJ airfoil performance, such as aerodynamic efficiency C L and lift coefficient (L/D) C . All the configurations are simulated and verified using the in-house CFD code, FASIP. The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with one-equation Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model is used. A 5th order weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) scheme with a low diffusion Riemann solver is utilized to evaluate the inviscid utilized. A 2nd order central differencing scheme matching the stencil width of the WENO scheme is employed for the viscous terms. It is shown that CFJ can significantly enhance the aerodynamic performance of RAE2822 transonic supercritical airfoil. The standard CFJ airfoil has an injection slot near the leading edge and a suction slot near the trailing edge on the airfoil suction surface. A small amount of mass ow is sucked into the airfoil near the trailing edge, energized by a micro-compressor located inside the airfoil, and in the tangential direction near the leading edge. For the double surface CFJ airfoil proposed in this paper, an additional injection slot is placed on the pressure surface of the airfoil, and the suction slot remains on the airfoil upper surface. By adding additional injection to the traditional CFJ, lift coefficient C L is further improved, while aerodynamic efficiency (L/D) C is mostly kept same as the standard CFJ airfoil achieved. The jet along the lower surface of the airfoil reduces the local velocity which increase the pressure and lift. The baseline RAE2822 airfoil and the standard CFJ RAE2822 airfoil at a different angle of attacks (AoA) were simulated and compared for the reference. For the freestream condition of M inf = 0.729, Re inf = 6.5*10 6 and AoA from 1 degree to 5.5 degree, the new CFJ RAE2822 airfoil is able to increase C L by 5.489 % and (L/D) C by 0.83% at peak (L/D) C point compared to the standard airfoil. Different momentum coefficient is also studied. A low total C mu of 0.002 will increase the C L from 0.7133 to 0.7524, and increase of 5.489%,a high total C mu of 0.004 will increase the C L from 1.016 to 1.136, and an increase of 11.76%. The double surface airfoil provides a different approach to enhance the performance of transonic airfoils.
Bembicosoma re-examined: a xiphosuran from the Silurian of the North Esk Inlier, Pentland Hills, Scotland

ABSTRACT The Silurian arthropod Bembicosoma pomphicus Laurie, 1899 is re-studied in relation to other Palaeozoic chelicerate taxa. All three known specimens of Bembicosoma originate from the Silurian (late Llandovery) Eurypterid Bed of the Gutterford Burn Flagstones, Reservoir Formation, Pentland Hills, Scotland. Bembicosoma is removed from its previous tentative assignment to Eurypterida and re-assigned to Xiphosura. A morphological reconstruction of this taxon is presented for the first time. This work continues a reappraisal of the systematics of a number of taxa that belong within the synziphosurines, a loose grouping of early Palaeozoic chelicerate arthropods aligned with the Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs), but which have been mistakenly identified as eurypterids in the past. Bembicosoma is significant as it is one of the earliest known synziphosurines.
Stolen Thunder? Huey Long's "Share Our Wealth," Political Mediation, and the Second New Deal

In 1934 Huey Long created "Share Our Wealth," a national challenger that sought economic redistribution. Our study explores the outcomes of this insurgency and the reasons for its successes and failures. We first review perspectives on success for social protest movements and provide a new definition of success, based on securing collective goods for a beneficiary group through movement organization efforts. Next we elaborate a "political mediation" theory of movement success. This theory holds that to be successful a movement organization must do more than just mobilize supporters and engage in collective action-political conditions must also be favorable to winning new advantages. We then examine historical information about national policymaking in Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal and quantitative data on spending by the Works Progress Administration. To assess the influence of Share Our Wealth, we analyze a secret poll undertaken by the Roosevelt Administration. The historical and quantitative analyses indicate that Share Our Wealth achieved partial success in ways that support the political mediation theory.
Water quality and heavy metals monitoring in water and tissues of Nile tilapia fish from different governorates "Egyptian Aquaculture farms"

All aquatic organisms are directly or indirectly affected by the physicochemical characteristics of their environment, especially the chemical composition of the water, where it is the main factor affecting the cultured fish. So, the present study investigated the quality of water ponds and their impacts on fish reared in three different farms at Sahl El-Hussaynia, Sharkia governorate, Kafr El-Sheikh, governorate and at Sahl El-Tinna, Port-Saeed governorate, Egypt. Water and fish samples were taken during summer to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metals distribution in water and fish tissues (muscles, gill and liver). Moreover, the effect of accumulated heavy metals on glucose, total proteins and the activities of transaminases (AST and ALT) in the fish muscles was studied. Also, Physical and chemical characteristics of water (water temperature, pH, DO, NH3, No3, total alkalinity, total hardness and phosphate) were measured. Heavy metals varied depending upon the organs and location. Also, the order of occurrence of heavy metals in water ranked at the following order; Zn> Fe> Cu> Cd at Sahl El-Hussaynia and Sahl El-Tinna farm but at Kafr El-Shiekh farm the order was Fe> Zn> Cu> Cd. Pb metal was not detected in the three farms. In the same time, the heavy metals were found in muscles, gills, and liver in the order Fe> Zn> Cu in the three fish farms, but Pb and Cd were not detected. In the liver, levels of the heavy metals exceeded the permissible limits according to WHO (1989). Moreover, in gills the levels of Zn exceeded the permissible limits at El–Hussaynia and Kafr El-Shiekh farms, but in muscles didn't exceed the permissible limits, except the Fe. The results of glucose, total protein, and activities of AST and ALT had some fluctuations in the serum among the studied fish.
Statistics of the Earth’s Topography

The so-called “typical” values for the Earth’s topography are often used in the literature, such as the mean continental altitude (MCA), the Moho depth for “normal” continental crust, or “typical” depth of mid-oceanic ridges. However, the statistical relevance of those values is hardly discussed. Focussed on data for the global topography, this paper presents statistical analyses regarding various environments. It is shown in particular that the definition of the mid-oceanic ridge is not straightforward, and varies considerably according to what is actually considered: the ridge “inner-rift”, the ridge “crest”, or the “virtual ridge” at spreading centre. This definition is also a function of the spreading rate and has strong implications for the rationale on the age-depth relationship of the sea-floor. In addition, the latter relationship is highly dependent on how the topographic data are corrected from sediment load. The correction itself implies numerous aspects that relies on the precision and associated uncertainties of, in particular, the sediment thickness, sediment porosity, and the mantle, water and sediment densities. In this respect, the analysis carried out here favours a plate cooling model (PCM) for the age-depth dependence of the sea-floor. The topographic elevation at trench proves also to be related to the age of the sea-floor through a different PCM equation. Away from the trench, the oceanic lithosphere is affected by flexuration, for which equations can be defined assuming that the end-load position is not located at trench. On the other hand, the elevation of magmatic arc does not appear to be related to sea-floor age or spreading rate. However, the correlation between the arc-trench distance and the topographic elevation of arc for continental crust seems to be an indicator of slab dip and therefore the existence of slab roll-back processes. Along intra-oceanic magmatic arc, a periodicity in topographic elevation suggests a periodicity in the occurrence of magma chambers, and therefore magmatic processes that need to be further studied. At passive margin, the transition between continental and oceanic crust seems to be relatively sharp in average. Subdivision of the datasets according to the age of the continent-ocean boundary (COB) indicates that rift and passive margin shoulders are found within a couple of degree away from the COB and for ages younger than ca. 20 Ma. Finally, the statistical analysis of continental data assumed to be free of thinning or thickening effects suggests that the MCA should rather be considered in terms of “lowlands” and “highlands”. Relying on model of Moho depth, the “normal” crustal depth might be thinner than commonly accepted. In any case, the filtering of reduced topography can help to determine the impact of dynamic topography.
Foreign Institutional Investors and Stock Market Liquidity in China: State Ownership, Trading Activity and Information Asymmetry

The Chinese government has implemented the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) system in order to promote stock market liquidity by participation of foreign institutional investors. This paper is the first to explicitly identify the channels through which foreign institutional investors influence the liquidity on the Chinese stock markets. Firstly, we find that market participation by foreign institutional investors promotes liquidity both for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-SOEs. Secondly, foreign institutions influence liquidity through the informational frictions channel, but not through the real frictions channel. Thirdly, as implied by these two results, foreign institutions are not informationally disadvantaged when investing in SOEs. Finally, the link between foreign institutional participation and liquidity remains strong before, during, and after the recent financial crisis.
Phase Transition Characteristics of Flame-Synthesized Gamma-Al2O3 Nanoparticles with Heat Treatment

In this study, the phase transition characteristics of flame-synthesized γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles to α-Al2O3 have been investigated. The nanoparticles were synthesized by using a coflow hydrogen diffusion flame. The phase transition and particle characteristics of the Al2O3 nanoparticles were determined by examining the crystalline structure and the shape of the collected nanoparticles before and after the heat treatment. The morphology and crystal structure of the Al2O3 nanoparticles were determined from SEM images and XRD analyses, respectively. The measured specific surface area and averaged particle size were 63.44m/g and 23.94nm, respectively. Based on the scanning electron microscope images and x-ray diffraction patterns, it is believed that the onset temperature of the phase transition to α-Al2O3 was existed near 1200 C. The averaged diameters of the sintered particles heat treated at 1,260C were approximately 80nm. Keywords—BET Specific Surface Area, Gamma-Al2O3 Nanoparticles, Flame Synthesis, Phase Transition, X-ray Diffraction.
Cognitive and Somatic Symptoms of Depression in Myocardial Infarction Patients and Depressed Patients in Primary and Mental Health Care

Models describing the neural correlates of biased emotion processing in depression have focused on increased activation of anterior cingulate and amygdala and decreased activation of striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. However, neuroimaging studies investigating emotion processing in depression have reported inconsistent results. This meta-analysis integrates these findings and examines whether emotional valence modulates such abnormalities. A systematic literature search identified 26 wholebrain and 18 region-of-interest studies. Peak coordinates and effect sizes were combined in an innovative parametric meta-analysis. Opposing effects were observed in the amygdala, striatum, parahippocampal,
Electron scattering and nonlinear trapping by oblique whistler waves: The critical wave intensity for nonlinear effects

In this paper, we consider high-energy electron scattering and nonlinear trapping by oblique whistler waves via the Landau resonance. We use recent spacecraft observations in the radiation belts to construct the whistler wave model. The main purpose of the paper is to provide an estimate of the critical wave amplitude for which the nonlinear wave-particle resonant interaction becomes more important than particle scattering. To this aim, we derive an analytical expression describing the particle scattering by large amplitude whistler waves and compare the corresponding effect with the nonlinear particle acceleration due to trapping. The latter is much more rare but the corresponding change of energy is substantially larger than energy jumps due to scattering. We show that for reasonable wave amplitudes ∼10–100 mV/m of strong whistlers, the nonlinear effects are more important than the linear and nonlinear scattering for electrons with energies ∼10–50 keV. We test the dependencies of the critical wave amplitude on system parameters (background plasma density, wave frequency, etc.). We discuss the role of obtained results for the theoretical description of the nonlinear wave amplification in radiation belts.
Effects of online oral practice on Japanese pitch accentuation acquisition

Miyamoto, Mayu. M.A., Purdue University, May 2014. Effects of Online Oral Practice on Japanese Pitch Accentuation Acquisition. Major Professor: Atsushi Fukada. Even though there is a constant learners’ need for pronunciation instruction in a Japanese language classroom, some teachers are hesitant to include pronunciation instruction due to time constrains or lack of knowledge on how to teach pronunciation. These problems occur due to the fact that pronunciation instructions were mostly conducted in classrooms. Computer-Assisted Language Learning is a great way to overcome these problems since learners can practice pronunciation through an online program outside of class. For this reason, this study was conducted outside of class using an online program. This research investigated the effectiveness of online oral practice on Japanese pitch accentuation and also, out of the three input methods implemented in the study, which input method enhances acquisition the most. Subjects were 171 first-year Japanese students and were divided into three treatment groups and a control group. Each treatment group received different treatments on pitch accentuation: A) pitch mark + text (hiragana) + video, B) text (hiragana) + video, C) video only. The treatment groups received a pretest, pitch accent practice, a posttest, and a delayed posttest. The control group also received a pretest, vocabulary practice unrelated to pitch accent, a posttest,
Anti-Tussive Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Cymbopogon citratus against Citric Acid Induced Cough in Guinea Pigs

10.21276/sajb.2017. 5.9. 6 Abstract: Cough is a reflex of pulmonary irritant receptor, found in the epithelium of the respiratory tract, which are sensitive to both chemical and mechanical stimuli. Cough is a useful physiological mechanism that serves to clear the respiratory passages of foreign material and excess secretions and should not be suppressed indiscriminately. Anti-tussive drugs are the most reliving class for cough suppressants. Codeine is an effective antitussive, but it has some undesirable side effects like constipation, drowsiness, respiratory depression, dependence on chronic use etc., so it’s necessary to seek a safe alternative from herbal source. Cymbopogon citratus belonging to the family Gramineae is an herb worldwide known as lemongrass. Anti-tussive activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Cymbopogon citrates (100 & 200mg/kg) was studied by inducing cough by citric acid in guinea pigs. Number of bouts in 5 minutes and percentage cough inhibition were measured. Codeine Phosphate was used as reference control. Both the doses of Cymbopogon citrates were significantly reduced the bouts in dose dependent manner and the percentage cough inhibition was increased which comparable as that of the reference control codeine phosphate. From the result it was concluded that the ethanolic leaf extract of Cymbopogon citrates exhibited anti-tussive activity against citric acid induced cough in guinea pigs.
Responses of 'Wonderful' Pomegranates to Controlled Atmospheres

We evaluated the efficacy of atmospheric modification in controlling decay and maintaining quality of ‘Wonderful’ pomegranates kept at 5 o C, 7.5 o C or 10 o C during the 1997-8 season using air, 2kPa O2, air + 10kPa CO2, and 2kPa O2 + 10kPa CO2. During the 1998-9 season we tested the following atmospheres at 5 o C and 7.5 o C: air, 5kPa O2, air + 10kPa CO2, air + 15kPa CO2, 5kPa O2 + 10kPa CO2, 5kPa O2 + 15kPa CO2. We found that it is possible to store pomegranates at 7.5 o C in 5 kPa O2 + 15 kPa CO2 for up to 5 months, provided that the level of latent fungal infections at the time of harvest is low and that the pomegranates are sorted carefully after harvest to store only fruits that are free from defects and decay. CO2enriched atmospheres resulted in higher concentrations of acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl acetate, especially after 4 and 5 months of storage. Accumulation of these volatiles was greater at 7.5 o C than at 5 o C, but in both cases the highest
Title Personality and Work Success among Expatriate EducationalLeaders in the United Arab Emirates

Few studies have examined expatriate leadership in higher education in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where expatriates make up the majority of higher education leaders. Such leaders need to be able to effectively interact with diverse colleagues despite possibly limited prior international experience and understanding of cultural differences. Such challenges can be seen to increase employee turnover, which challenges the success of Emirati higher education. This essay examines the impact of emotional intelligence, hardiness, and openness on self-reported probability of finishing contract and contract renewal of expatriate leaders in higher education in the UAE. The research can contribute to an improvement in the educational services in the UAE, and other Middle Eastern countries which feature high rates of employment of expatriate workers in higher education.
La Belgique : quelques nouveaux regards sur un pays en forte mutation – Belgium : some new looks at a higly evolving country Migration and commuting interactions fields : a new geography with community detection algorithm ?

The objective is to refresh the geography of Belgium using interactions between places by means of a community detection algorithm (Louvain Method) inspired by Complex theory and Data Sciences. Places that are tightly related are optimally clustered into communities, leading to a new and optimal partition of Belgium. Migrations and commuting movements (Census11) are here analysed. We obtain a mosaic of “interaction fields” that are here interpreted in terms of methodological choices, human and urban geography as well as Belgian political dilemmas. They give the opportunity to remind that researchers have to control the impact of their Migration and commuting interactions fields: a new geography with community d.
Influence of hospitalization on potentially inappropriate prescribing among elderly patients in a Malaysian community

Purpose : To compare the prevalence and type of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs) on admission and discharge of patients, and to determine the associated predictors. Methods : This was a prospective observational study conducted in the multidisciplinary medical and surgical units of Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA), Malaysia. The medications of patients who had been admitted to the hospital from community-dwelling settings were reviewed to identify PIMs/PPOs using version 2 of STOPP/START criteria. A logistic regression model was applied to detect the risk factors associated with PIM or PPO at discharge. Results : Among the 300 patients involved in the study, the prevalence of PIMs was 27 % upon admission, which decreased to 22.3 % at discharge (p = 0.014) with PIMs pertaining to increasing the risk of physical falls in elderly people being the most common for pre- and post-hospitalization. The prevalence of PPOs was 47.6 % upon admission, which increased to 48 % at discharge (p = 0.99), with the omission of musculoskeletal medications being the most common PPOs at admission and discharge. Having a PIM at discharge was associated with the number of discharge medications and the history of falls, whereas having a high comorbidity index score or history of falls was associated with having a PPO at discharge. Conclusion : Hospitalization significantly reduces the prevalence of PIMs, but not PPOs or polypharmacy, among elderly patients. The number of discharge medications and the history of falls are predictors of discharge PIM, whilst high comorbidities and the history of falls were the predictors of discharge PPO. Improving the knowledge of hospital practitioners regarding geriatric pharmacotherapy is required to optimize prescribing in elderly patients during hospitalization. Keywords : Hospitalization, STOPP criteria, START criteria, Inappropriate prescribing, Co-morbidity, Polypharmacy, Elderly patients
Sources of the Great Recession：A Bayesian Approach of a Data-Rich DSGE model with Time-Varying Volatility Shocks

In order to investigate sources of the Great Recession (Dec. 2007 to Jun. 2009) of the US economy in the latter portion of the first decade of the 2000s, we modified the standard New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model by embedding financial frictions in both the banking and the corporate sectors. Furthermore, the structural shocks in the model are assumed to possess stochastic volatility (SV) with a leverage effect. Then, we estimated the model using a data-rich estimation method and utilized up to 40 macroeconomic time series in the estimation. In light of a DSGE model, we suggest the following three empirical evidences in the Great Recession:(1) the negative bank net-worth shock gradually spread before the corporate net worth shock burst ; (2) the data-rich approach and the structural shocks with SV found the contribution of the corporate net worth shock to a substantial portion of the macroeconomic fluctuations after the Great Recession, which is unlike the standard DSGE model; and (3) the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) would work to bail out financial institutions, whereas balance sheets in the corporate sector would still not have stopped deteriorating. Incorporating time-varying volatilities of shocks into the DSGE model makes their credible bands narrower than half of the constant volatilities, which result implies that it is a realistic assumption based on the dynamics of the structural shocks. It is plausible that tiny volatilities (or uncertainty) in ordinary times change to an extraordinary magnitude at the turning points of business cycles. Keywords: New Keynesian DSGE model, Data-rich approach, Bayesian estimation, financial friction, stochastic volatility, leverage effect. JEL Classification: E32, E37, C32, C53.