Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simple Method and Materials to Target Co(ii)-Dy(iii) Multi-Nuclear Magnetic Compounds and Single Molecule Magnets (SMMs): Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Studies

In this work, based on mixed N-, O-donor ligands, a series of Co(ii)-Dy(iii) compounds are synthesised and characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction and magnetic studies. These compounds include Co2(phen)2Dy(PhCOO)7 (1), Co2(phen)2Dy2(PhCOO)10 (2), Co(bpy)Dy(H2O)(CH3-PhCOO)5 (3), Co(phen)Dy(H2O)(CH3-PhCOO)5 (4), Co2(phen)2Dy(NO2-PhCOO)7 (5), Co2(phen)2Dy2(NO2-PhCOO)10 (6), and Co2(bpy)2Dy2(NO2-PhCOO)10 (7), where phen, bpy, CH3-PhCOOH, and NO2-PhCOOH are 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2′-bipyridine, 3-methylbenzoic acid, and 3-nitrobenzoic acid, respectively. In these cases, di-, tri-, and tetranuclear Co-Dy clusters are observed. Direct current (DC) magnetic susceptibility reveals ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic behaviour, whilst dynamic magnetic studies disclose single molecule magnet (SMM)-like slow magnetic relaxation for most of these compounds.
Equids: Zebras, Asses and Horses. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan edited by Patricia D. Moehlman (2002), ix + 190 pp., IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ISBN 2 8317 0647 5 (pbk), unpriced.

Once one of the most abundant grazing animals, now only seven species remain. Equids persist in some of the harshest climates and terrains in the world, habitats which are also home to many human populations. Conservation will depend on local nomadic pastoralists participating in, and benefiting from, the conservation management of their areas. Included are summaries of the conservation status, biology and ecology of wild zebras, asses, and horses and recommendations for conservation action.
Developmental wiring and adaptive plasticity of peripheral sensorimotor circuitry

The scope of this work was to analyze developmental wiring and postnatal adaptive plasticity in the sensorimotor circuitry. I showed that fasciculation and formation of stereotyped nerve patterns rely on the presence of a minimal scaffold of outgrowing sensory and motor projections. Loss of Sema3F-Npn-2 signaling leads to embryonic neuronal miswiring and functional impairments, which can be compensated to wildtype level by locomotor stimulation. In contrast, selective loss of the axon guidance receptor Npn-1 in motoneurons evokes permanent abnormal forepaw posturing associated with congenital muscle atrophy and aberrant axonal sorting in the radial nerv.
A comparison of camelina meal and soybean meal degradation during incubation with rumen fluid as tested in vitro.

Ketencik kuspesi, biyoyakit uretimi sirasinda yagin ekstraksiyonuyla arta kalan bir yan urundur ve hayvan beslemede soya kuspesine alternatif bir protein kaynagi olarak dusunulebilmektedir. Bu calisma, ketencik kuspesinin besin madde bilesiminin ve in vitro yikimlanabilirliginin soya kuspesi ile karsilastirilmasini amaclamaktadir. Arastirmada kullanilan yem ornekleri ticari bir yem fabrikasindan temin edilmistir ve ardindan besin madde bilesimleri belirlenmistir. Yem hammaddelerinin rumendeki yikimlanabilirliklerinin belirlenmesi, yerel mezbahadan alina rumen sivisinin in vitro ortamda kullanilmasi suretiyle gerceklestirilmistir. Inkubasyonun 4. , 12. ve 24. saatlerinde gruplar arasinda onemli farkliliklar tespit edilmistir. Kuru madde ve NDF yikimlanabilirligi soya kuspesinde yuksek degere sahip iken, HP yikimlanabilirligi ketencik kuspesinde daha fazla bulunmustur. Sonuc olarak ketencik kuspesinin ve soya kuspesinin besin madde bilesimi ve yem x zaman etkilesimi acisindan HP sindirilebilirlik duzeyleri arasinda onemli bir farkliligin tespit edilmemistir. Dolayisiyla, ketencik kuspesinin rasyonlarda yaygin olarak yer alan soya kuspesi ile birlikte protein kaynagi olarak kullanilabilecegi dusunulmektedir
Despite available habitat at range edge, yellow‐cedar migration is punctuated with a past pulse tied to colder conditions

To explore the recent (past ~1,000 year) migration history of yellow‐cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis), a climate‐threatened tree, which appears to lag behind its potential climatic niche at a leading northern range edge, and infer its continued migration potential under changing climate.
Phenotypic Diversities of Four Populations of Clarias Gariepinus (Siluriformes, Clariidae) Obtained from Ogun and Ondo State Waterbodies in South-Western Nigeria

Abstract The study determined the variation in the morphological and meristic features among four populations of Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 obtained from Owena Dam and River Oluwa in Ondo State and Rivers Omo and Ogbere in Ogun State, both in Nigeria. A total of ninety five (95) and one hundred and twenty (120) fish specimens collected from Ondo and Ogun states respectively were measured using standard procedures and the results were analysed using Analysis of variance and multivariate analyses. The results obtained from the ANOVA and Principal Component Analyses of Clarias gariepinus from the four populations revealed heterogeneity for most of their characters. Therefore, the morphological differences between the wild African catfish found in Ondo and Ogun state populations could be linked to genetic differences or environmental factors or a combination of both factors. Hence, this study concluded that the populations are different which could imply high genetic diversity if molecular marker techniques are employed in further studies.
QTL controlling glucosinolate content in seeds of 'Brassica napus' L.

Glucosinolates are a group of endogenous secondary metabolites commonly found in Brassica plants. Oilseed rape (Brasscia napus L.) contains toxic glucosinolates in its otherwise high quality meal. Molecular breeding has many advantages over traditional breeding and may provide the solution to further decrease glucosinolate content and/or optimize glucosinolate profiles in the meal. In the present study, the Brassica 60K SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) Infinium microarrays supplemented with sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to map the whole B. napus genome of a DH population derived from an F1. Eight thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine SNP and 35 SRAP markers were organized into 1,220 bins covering 2,597.7 centiMorgans (cM) on 19 chromosomes from 88 DH lines. The average bin density was 0.47 bin/cM. Nine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling total and major glucosinolate components were localized on chromosomes A1, A8, A9, C2, C3 and C9 with the most abundant and significant QTLs residing on A9. The total phenotypic variances explained by the QTLs ranged from 7.84% for progoitrin to 40.10% for 4C aliphatic glucosinolate content. It was worthwhile to use the co-segregating flanking markers of these QTLs for marker assisted selection in practical canola breeding.
Structural Changes of the Colonic Mucosa Induced by Orlistat: Experimental Study

Introduction: Orlistat, an anti-obesity drug, is a lipase inhibitor which increases fecal fat excretion. Many workers had reported the harmful consequences of increased fecal fat excretion on colonic mucosa. So the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Orlistat in presence of other risk factors (directly related to colon carcinogenesis) as high fat diet and colon carcinogen di-methyl hydrazine on the structure of rat colonic mucosa and cell proliferation evaluated by the PCNA index. Materials and Methods: The study included 5o male albino rats, which were divided into 5 equal groups. Group I served as a control group. Group II received high fat diet alone. Group III received high fat diet and Orlistat (32 mg/ kg) orally for 5 weeks. Group IV were subcutaneously injected by two doses of the carcinogen di-methyl hydrazine (DMH) (25mg/kg) together with high fat diet. While rats of group V received Orlistat, di-methyl hydrazine (DMH) and high fat diet. Results: Histological examination of the colonic mucosa revealed presence of 3 types of structurally-altered crypts. The first type appeared with dilated lumen (typical aberrant crypt). This type was significantly recognized in group II & III. However, insignificant difference in incidence of aberrant crypts and cell proliferation evaluated by PCNA index was encountered between group II & III. The second type of crypt alteration (hyperplastic aberrant crypt), appeared having a serrated luminal configuration, distended goblet cells and proliferating epithelial foci that might partially or totally occluded the lumen. The third type (dysplastic aberrant crypt) exhibited few goblet cells and/or crowded nuclei with variability in their shape and increase in their length together with frequent mitotic figures. Significant increase in number of hyperplastic and dysplastic aberrant crypts as well as PCNA index was detected in group V compared to group IV, determining the potentiating effect of Orlistat. Conclusion: Long-term use of Orlistat in presence of risk factors, as high fat diet and other predisposing factor for cancer colon, was associated with severe crypt alterations and enhancement of colonic proliferative capacity, putative biomarkers of colon cancer. Original Article
Toxicological effects of glyphosate on histopathological parameters of fresh water fish, Cirrhinus mrigala

Human population growth and industrial development have been the major causes of water contamination around the world during recent years. The ecological effects of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems and theirbio availability and toxicity are closely related to species distribution, both in the solid and the liquid phase of the aquatic ecosystem. The poisoning by pesticides from agricultural fields is a serious water pollution problem and its environmental long-term effect may result in the incidence of poisoning of fish and other aquatic life forms.
Sustainable alternative for the food industry: converting whey and orange juice into a micro-filtered beverage

Enhancing industrial sustainability by converting whey into alternative high value-added products is a scientific trend in food science and technology. However, without other ingredients, rennet, or sour, whey has an unappetizing flavor. This sensory challenge can be overcome by blending it with citrus flavor from orange juice. This study assessed a micro-filtered beverage from whey and orange juice without enzymatic treatment. Four formulations (27:10, 8.6:10, 2.4:10 and 1:10 v/v whey:juice ratio) were processed through a 1.4 μm microfiltration system with four different transmembrane pressures (1, 2, 3, and 4.15 bar) and then stored at 5 °C for 28 days. The micro-filtered beverage was analyzed for physicochemical, sensorial and microbial changes. It was possible overcome the technological challenges of orange juice microfiltration without enzymatic treatment with high transmembrane pressures. The whey:orange juice ratio was also decisive for permeation. A clear beverage with lower viscosity, turbidity, and protein levels was obtained, without altering mineral concentrations thus showing that the product has good capacity for hydration. The beverage presented good microbiological quality and remained stable for 28 days at 5 °C. Sensory evaluation data indicate that the beverage can be directed to young people and women, regardless of their physical activity. The combination of whey and orange juice can be explored industrially as a micro-filtered beverage, with satisfactory results of physicochemical, microbiological and sensory acceptance.
Identifying the Relevance of C-Reactive Protein Conformers and the Advancement of a Membrane Curvature Binding Assay

Lipid membranes play a vital role in cell signaling processes. Membrane shape and lipid content affect interactions between cellular membranes and proteins. This research focuses on characterizing those interactions and their impact by using various biochemical and biophysical assays. These assays were applied to C-reactive protein (CRP), an immune system protein that interacts with lipid membranes and has at least two forms with different properties. Native, pentameric CRP (pCRP) is found in blood serum and is commonly used as a marker for inflammation. The modified form of CRP (mCRP) binds to the protein C1q, which activates the complement immune response. There is a gap in our knowledge of the biochemical information for the two forms of CRP and several different methods are used to make mCRP in the lab. In this work, we analyzed the pCRP to mCRP conversion using three biochemical denaturants: guanidine hydrochloride, urea with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and heating with dilute sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). After comparing results from biochemical assays to determine structural and functional differences, mCRP treated with dilute SDS and heat was the form that both significantly bound C1q and had an intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence level as anticipated for an intermediate form. After characterizing biochemical differences between functional mCRP and native pCRP forms, binding of pCRP and mCRP to curved membranes was analyzed with an in vitro membrane mimic assay that starts with a nanoscale pattern on a glass iii coverslip to create curvature for a supported lipid bilayer to coat. By using fluorescent nanoparticles of a specific size, curvature based interactions can be visualized and quantified. Results show that the amount of CRP binding is not only dependent on protein conformation but also on membrane curvature size. Expanding the membrane curvature assay, used to visualize CRP membrane binding, to allow for cellular experiments was achieved by first melting the nanoparticles and then coating them with silicon dioxide, creating a permanent nanoparticle patterned substrate. Custom chambers were created and added to the nanoparticle patterned coverglass to reduce the required volume. Characterizations of the silicon dioxide coated surface were done with analysis of fluorescent lipids in supported lipid bilayers. The assays and results from this research not only contribute to better biochemical knowledge of CRP, but will be useful for future studies of proteins involved in cellular processes that have membrane interactions.
The Worldwide Spread, Success, and Impact of Ragweed (Ambrosia spp.)

ABSTRACT The Ambrosia species represent one of the most problematic groups of invasive weeds around the world. The ease with which they are introduced and spread in new countries, their generalist ecological requirements, and functional traits facilitate their invasion and subsequent naturalization in new areas. All of these aspects contribute to increasing their global social and economic impact, which is mostly related to pollen allergy. Here we analyze available scientific publications about Ambrosia artemisiifolia, A. psilostachya, A. tenuifolia, and A. trifida, with the aim of defining the current level of knowledge and summarizing important data that are currently scattered throughout the literature. Specifically, we analyzed the following: (1) their current global distribution and current stage of invasion; (2) traits and requirements promoting their introduction, reproductive success, and adaptation to climate and environment in the nonnative range; as well as (3) current knowledge about allergens and elements increasing their impact.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH MARINE SPONGE (HALICLONA AMBOINENSIS) VIA REDUCTING NO PRODUCTION AND INHIBITING CYCLOOXYGENASE-1, CYCLOOXYGENASE-2, AND SECRETORY PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 ACTIVITIES

Â Â Objective: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract and fractions of bacteria associated with sponge (Haliclona amboinensis) and to evaluate their effect in reducing NO production and inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) and secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) activity.Methods: All bacterial isolates were cultured and supernatants were collected for the extraction of secondary metabolites using diaion HP-20 to obtain methanol extracts. Evaluation of cytotoxicity property was carried out on macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide assay. Anti-inflammatory screening was done by inducible nitric oxide assay on RAW264.7 cell lines with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Dianion HP-20 was used to remove salt content. A selected methanol extract was subjected to further fractionations by C-18 reverse phase and their anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by COX-1 and COX-2, and sPLA2 enzymatic assay.Results: Seven methanol extracts showed no cytotoxic property against RAW 264.7 cell line (inhibitory concentration 50% > 30 I¼g/ml) and selected for anti-inflammatory screening assay. Result showed methanol extract HM 1.2 reduced NO production >80% and it has been selected for phytochemical screening, further fractionations and assay. Phytochemical screening showed alkaloids and terpenoids present in the HM 1.2. The HM 1.2 and its fractions (F1, F2, F1C1, F1C2, F1C3, and F1C4) were proven to inhibit COX-1, COX-2, and sPLA2 activity in the range of 60.516-116.886%, 20.554- 116.457%, and 70.2667-114.8148%, respectively.Conclusions: This study revealed that bacteria associated with H. amboinensis have produced anti-inflammatory activity via reducing NO production and inhibiting COX-1, COX-2, and sPLA2 activity. Â
Differential reaction of cowpea genotypes to brown blotch disease (Colletotrichum capsici) in Burkina Faso

Thirty six Colletotrichum capsici (L.) single spore isolates associated with brown blotch disease in cowpea were collected from three agro-ecological zones of Burkina Faso from October to November 2014. To identify the most virulent strains, cowpea genotypes KVx61-1, KVx396-4-5-2-D and Moussa Local was inoculated with each isolate. The results showed that isolates 096-SA-2, 071-FA-6 and 079-PM-2 were the most virulent, respectively, in North Soudanian, Soudanian and Sahelian zones. To identify brown blotch disease resistant cowpea, each of the isolates was used to inoculate 41 different cowpea genotypes. Inoculated cowpea plants were evaluated for brown blotch disease severity at 7, 14 and 21 days after inoculation. Highly significant differences (P < 0.001) were found among genotypes, isolates and their interactions. Seven cowpea genotypes including KN-1, Moussa Local, Donsin Local and Melakh were identified as resistant and present specific resistance to the isolates. These genotypes can be used to improve cowpea resistance to brown blotch disease in Burkina Faso. Key words: Cultivars, pathotypes aggressiveness, disease resistance.
Influence of mortality and dispersal on sex ratio of the edible dormouse (Glis glis)

Abstract. While most mammal populations show equalized sex ratios in their offspring, some species reveal deviations as a reaction to environmental circumstances. The recent study focuses on mortality, dispersal and biased sex ratio in the offspring of the edible dormouse (Glis glis) and their influence on next year's subadult population. Between 2002 and 2008 a male biased sex ratio in the offspring but an almost equal sex ratio of next year's subadult population has been found. Our results reveal that this deviation from the 1:1 sex ratio compensates a higher mortality rate of young males. The data used for this study were obtained from a mark and recapture project of monitoring the population biology of the edible dormouse performed north-east of Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Secretion marking with preorbital glands in goitered gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

Abstract. Scent marking is a widespread component of mammal communication and important in the maintenance of territories as a form of status signal advertising territorial ownership, and potential source of information on the quality and competitive ability of the signaller. Marking behaviour with preorbital glands is a common research topic for tropical antelopes, while such behaviour in goitered gazelles, until now, has been poorly understood. We investigated this behaviour in goitered gazelles and found that adult males marked with their preorbital glands all year round, but especially intensively during the rut and most often while patrolling their territories and chasing females; rarely did they mark during territorial conflicts. Adult males preferred to mark the most conspicuous eatable shrubs that reached close to the height of the male. With a few minor exceptions, goitered gazelle performed marking behaviours in a manner similar to other antelope species, and overall did not show any distinctive differences. Preorbital marking behaviour as an essential part of social organization demonstrated its conservatism, but environmental factors also had their impacts, which led to considerable quantitative seasonal fluctuations in marking behaviour.
Response morphology and anatomy of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plant on waterlogging

This study has conducted research on morphological and anatomical responses of some varieties of tobacco plants to waterlogging stress. Parameters measured were morphology, anatomy, and plants sensitivity index. Results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. The results show that waterlogging stress can reduce the growth of tobacco plants, including a decrease in plant height with the lowest value of 15.6 cm, root length reduction to the lowest value of 4.6 cm and plant dry weight reduction to the lowest value of 0.26 gr. But waterlogging stress can increase the number of adventitious roots with the highest value of 18.33. In addition, waterlogging stress can lead to the formation of aerenchyma tissue. The sensitivity index showed that plant varieties that are resistant to waterlogging stress are the varieties Kemloko 3 (index value of 0.03), varieties of Paiton 2 (index value of 0.18), and the varieties Kemloko 2 (index value of 0.42).
High genetic diversity promotes a common-garden trial of Quercus robur as a potential seed source

The process of adaptation in forest trees might be facilitated if seeds resulting from crossings among different provenances are used for plantation establishment. This can be accomplished if seeds from existing common-garden trials become available. This paper aims to characterize genetic diversity of a provenance/family common-garden trial of Quercus robur which is considered a possible source of highly diverse seed lots. Provenance/family common-garden trial of Quercus robur located in Oleszyce, Poland, consisting of 8 to 19 families of six Polish provenances was chosen for the study. With the aid of 16 nuclear microsatellite markers, 1812 trees growing in the trial were genotyped. Standard population genetic parameters were calculated, and genetic variation and inbreeding were compared among provenances. Expected heterozygosity and particularly allelic richness appeared to be high, reaching on average 0.847 and 23.5, respectively. We found no signatures of inbreeding (FIS=0.006) and low, although statistically significant, level of genetic differentiation among provenances (FST=0.016). On the other hand, we found high allelic differentiation (AST=0.137) between provenances, though uneven contribution of each provenance to the total allelic richness was noted. Effective population sizes estimated for each provenance based on linkage disequilibrium were highly correlated with the number of families within provenances. We conclude that the studied common-garden trial possesses high genetic diversity and possible mating among different provenances may promote further heterosis effects. Thus the trial may be used in the future as an experimental source of highly diverse seed lots much needed in the context of climate change.