Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Food Safety Management System in Hotel Restaurants in Khartoum State, Sudan

Quick Response Code Abstract: This descriptive and experimental study was conducted between September and November 2019 in in Khartoum State, Sudan with the objective of evaluating food safety management systems (FSMS) in hotels' restaurants using risk-based inspection. Cooked meat was taken as an example for the final products to evaluate the bacterial load in food. The risk factors encountered in the operational process steps for final meals preparation in the restaurants were investigated using a checklist, direct observations and microbial testing. The results of the study revealed that the evaluation of operational process steps showed that three quarters (3, 75%) of hotels' restaurants received raw meat from reliable sources and stored it at an appropriate temperature (adequate cooling). On the other hand, cooking, cold storage and reheating process steps were found adequate in only one quarter (1, 25%) in the investigated restaurants. The mean total bacteria count (TBC) in cooked meat was found to be 2.576 X 10, 2.866 X 10, 3.432 X 10 and 3.27210 in hotels A, B, C, and D, respectively with highly significant difference between the standard mean and the mean of TBC, with p≤0. 05. This mean TBC reported in this study was found higher than the permissible limits used in this study. The results of the total coliform counts (TCC) in the four restaurants were 2.5X10, 1.112X10, 2.3 X10 and 1.123X10 in hotels A, B, C, and D, respectively. While there was highly significant difference between the TCC in the four restaurants and the standard permissible limits of total bacteria count, also there was significant differences in the TCC between the four restaurants with p ≤0. 05. This mean TCC reported in this study was found higher than the permissible limits used in this study. The relative risk estimate of operational process steps such as unapproved source, improperly received and stored ingredients and inadequate preparation of food were estimated at almost five times more than when they were performed in proper ways with p≤ 0.05. Also the relative risk estimate of operational process steps such as improper cooling, inadequate cooking, and inadequate reheating and inadequate hot holding were estimated about two times more when there were adequate cooling, cooking, reheating, and hot holding with p ≤ 0.05. The study concluded that the food safety management systems in hotels' restaurants in Khartoum State were not properly implemented.
Efficiency of Locally Available Spices to Improve Shelf Life and Sensory Attributes of Teff Injera

Injera is one of the fermented foods that is made from different cereals, including sorghum, teff, maize, wheat, barley, or a combination of some of these cereals. Despite the fact that injera is a favorite staple food, mould spoilage caused by Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucur and Rhizopus spps is a serious problem that affects the shelf life of injera, the staple Ethiopian fermented bread. There were no reports on the efficiency of spices on shelf life and sensory attributes of any of the traditional Ethiopian fermented foods especially in teff injera. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of locally available spices to enhance the shelf life and sensory attributes of teff injera. Isolation and identification of fungi that spoiled injera was carried out by standard procedures. The efficiency of spices to increase shelf life of injera was evaluated in vivo and sensory attributes of preserved injera was evaluated by 30 panelists. The results revealed that four types of fungal species belonging to the genera of Penicillium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Mucur species were isolated from spoiled teff injera. Teff injera containing powder and water extract of 2% N. sativa were the most preferred in terms of taste with mean rating of 6.9; ethanol extracts of 2% N. sativa was the most preferred in terms of colour and allover acceptance with mean rating of 6.9and 6.93 respectively. On the basis of the current findings, tested spices could be a good candidate to improve the shelf life and sensory attributes of teff injera. Therefore, further studies are needed to study their toxicology and isolate the bio-active components responsible for shelf life and sensory improvement from these plants.
Forecasting errors and the value of information sharing in a supply chain

The paper investigates the impact of forecasting errors and information sharing on the performance of a supply chain. It also examines the impact of forecasting errors on the value of information sharing between retailers and a supplier. Analyses of the simulation outputs show that while information sharing can bring tremendous benefits to the supplier and the entire supply chain, it hurts the retailers under most conditions. Demand pattern and forecasting error distributions faced by the retailers significantly influence the magnitudes of the cost savings as a result of information sharing. The expected bias in forecast errors has a much more significant impact on supply chain performance and the value of information sharing than the standard deviation of forecasting errors and its pattern of deterioration over time. A slight positive bias in the retailer's forecast can actually increase the benefit of sharing information for the supplier and the entire supply chain. However, it can also increase the cost for retailers. The demand pattern faced by retailers also significantly influences the impact of forecasting accuracy on the value of the information sharing. These findings will motivate companies to share information, and will help to design incentive schemes to encourage information-sharing and justify investment in information-sharing projects. The findings can also be used to minimize the negative impact of forecasting errors on supply chain performance.
Teaching and Assessing of Affective Characteristics: A Critical Missing Link in Online Education

Online education, which is as a platform for delivering educational content and facilitating instruction – student interaction over a computer network came into limelight in the 1990’s and has been growing rapidly ever since. 96% of Universities in the United States of America currently offer online learning opportunities; with more than 3million students enrolled. In addition, several colleges and universities around the globe now offer degrees that can be accomplished online. The promise and potential of online education is laudable; it has the ability to make education more convenient and accessible. Advances in technology have made this possible since learning can take place ‚asynchronously‛ anytime and anywhere. However, studies have shown that teaching and assessment in schools;within the in-class, blended and online set up, are concentrated on cognitive achievement to the detriment of affective and psychomotor development of learners. In the light of this, and because of the fact that comprehensive assessment is an indispensable aspect of any meaningful educational program,attempt is made in this paper to examine the implications of the aversion to the teaching and assessing of affective characteristics in online education. The paper also makes strategic suggestions as a way forward
Perceived Discrimination and Neighborhood Racial Co mp sition among Black, White and Latino Young Adults in Chicago

This study explores the relationship between percei ved discrimination and neighborhood racial context among black, white and Latino young adults sing the Project for Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Results indicate that al l groups perceive discrimination in their everyday lives. These perceptions are reduced as t he proportion of coracial neighbors increases following predictions based on the contact hypothes is. Among blacks and Latinos these reductions are moderate to non-existent, suggesting that neighborhood racial context may not be as important for minority populations as suggested by previous literature. Surprisingly, whites’ perceptions are the most sensitive to fluctuations n neighborhood racial composition. Whites also perceive more discrimination than blacks or La tinos when whites are small minorities in their neighborhoods (less than 25%). Findings sugg est that perceptions of discrimination among whites may constitute an additional obstacle for re sid ntial racial integration on top of the more often studied racial prejudice. This paper was completed for submission to the 2010 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of American in Dallas, TX. Please do no t cite without permission. Send all correspondence to deherda@ucdavis.edu .
Mode conversion in optical fibers with monotonically increasing core radius

In this paper we discuss mode conversion in a straight fiber which maintains its circular cross section but whose radius a(z) increases monotonically with the length coordinate z so that it passes from the single-mode to the multimode regime. Our principal concern is with step-index fibers which are treated in the scalar approximation. We study conversion of power from the incident dominant mode to other core and cladding modes for several functions a(z) . The results of our calculations show clearly that the dominant mode is able to adapt itself to the changing fiber radius provided the change is gradual. For comparison, we also consider a fiber with an infinitely extended radial parabolic-index profile as an approximation to graded index fibers. We show that it too exhibits mode conversion similar to that of the step-index fiber, provided that the comparison is made on the basis of corresponding mode spot sizes instead of actual core radii.
Non-linear and hysteretical finite element formulation applied to magnetosctrictive materials

Giant magnetostrictive actuators are suitable for applications requiring large mechanical displacements under low magnetic fields; for instance TerfenolD made out of rare earth-iron materials can produce important strains. But these actuators exhibit hysteretic non-linear behavior, making it very difficult to experimentally characterize them. Therefore, sophisticated numerical algorithms to develop computational tools are necessary. In this work, theoretical and numerical formulations within the finite element method are developed to simulate magnetostriction. Theoretically, within the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, the hysteresis is introduced by the Debye-memory relaxation. Numerically, the main novelty is the time integration, coupled Newmark-β (for mechanical) and convolution integrals (for magnetic constitutive equations); the non-linearity is solved with the standard Newton-Raphson algorithm. Constitutive non-linearities are incorporated with the Maxwell stress tensor, quadratically dependent on the magnetic field. The numerical code is validated using analytical and experimental solutions; several examples are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the present formulation. Roberto Palma Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain E-mail: rpalma@uji.es José L. Pérez-Aparicio Department of Continuum Mechanics and Theory of Structures, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain Robert L. Taylor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, California, USA
The Portfolio Channel of Capital Flows: A Small Open Economy Approach

In this paper we extend a new Keynesian small open economy model to include risk-averse FX dealers and FX intervention by the monetary authority. The former ingredients generate deviations from the uncovered interest parity (UIP) condition. More precisely, in this setup portfolio decisions of the dealers add endogenously a time variant risk-premium element to the traditional UIP that depends on FX intervention by the central bank and FX orders by foreign investors. We analyse the effectiveness of different strategies of FX intervention (e.g., unanticipated operations or via a pre-announced rule) to affect the volatility of the exchange rate and the transmission mechanism of the interest rate. Our findings are as follows: (i) FX intervention has a strong interaction with monetary policy in general equilibrium; (ii) FX intervention rules can have stronger stabilisation power than discretion in response to shocks because they exploit the expectations channel; (iii) there are some trade-offs in the use of FX intervention, since it can help to isolate the economy from external financial shocks, but it prevents some necessary adjustments on the exchange rate as a response to nominal and real external shocks; and (iv) the interaction between the portfolio balance channel and current account dynamics reduces the presence of a explosive response of exchange rate volatility, generating more stable equilibria.
The empirical evidence of the effect of company size, leverage and profitability on income smoothing

Article history: Received: January 1, 2021 Received in revised format: January 23 2021 Accepted: February 10, 2021 Available online: February 10, 2021 Income smoothing is basically a management strategy to reduce fluctuating income levels. This study aims to determine the effect of company size, leverage and profitability on income smoothing in companies listed on the LQ45 Index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2019 period. It was carried out on companies listed on the LQ45 Index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 20172019. Sampling was conducted by utilizing purposive sampling and obtained 11 companies, from which 33 data were collected. The analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis. Results showed that company size, leverage and profitability simultaneously can affect income smoothing of a company. Company size and profitability partially have a positive effect on income smoothing, while leverage has a negative effect on income smoothing. © 2021 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
BOOM-Explorer: RISC-V BOOM Microarchitecture Design Space Exploration Framework

The microarchitecture design of a processor has been increasingly difficult due to the large design space and time-consuming verification flow. Previously, researchers rely on prior knowledge and cycle-accurate simulators to analyze the performance of different microarchitecture designs but lack sufficient discussions on methodologies to strike a good balance between power and performance. This work proposes an automatic framework to explore microarchitecture designs of the RISC-V Berkeley Out-of-Order Machine (BOOM), termed as BOOM-Explorer, achieving a good trade-off on power and performance. Firstly, the framework utilizes an advanced microarchitecture-aware active learning (MicroAL) algorithm to generate a diverse and representative initial design set. Secondly, a Gaussian process model with deep kernel learning functions (DKL-GP) is built to characterize the design space. Thirdly, correlated multi-objective Bayesian optimization is leveraged to explore Pareto-optimal designs. Experimental results show that BOOM-Explorer can search for designs that dominate previous arts and designs developed by senior engineers in terms of power and performance within a much shorter time.
BINDING SPECIFICITY IN THE SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION SYSTEMS OF COLIPHAGES λ AND ΗΚ 022 AND THE ROLE OF THE XIS PROTEIN

3 INTRODUCTION.5 GOALS OF RESEARCH . 13 RESULTS.14 A. CLONING, EXPRESSION, PURIFICATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF XIS.14 B. CORE BINDING OF INT DETERMINES ITS SPECIFICITY.24 C. THE ROLE OF XIS AND ITS BINDING SITES . 31 D. DIMERISATION OF XIS AND THE ROLE OF ITS CYS RESIDUE . 40 DISCUSSION . 47 MATERIALS AND METHODS.53 REFERENCES.67 ABSTRACT (HEBREW) . 73HEBREW) . 73
Graph Learning-Based Arithmetic Block Identification

Arithmetic block identification in gate-level netlist is an essential procedure for malicious logic detection, functional verification, or macro-block optimization. We argue that existing methods suffer either scalability or performance issues. To address the problem, we propose a graph learning-based solution that promises to extract desired logic components from a complete design netlist. We further design a novel asynchronous bidirectional graph neural network (ABGNN) dedicated to representation learning on directed acyclic graphs. Experimental results on open-source RISC-V CPU designs demonstrate that our proposed solution significantly outperforms several state-of-the-art arithmetic block identification flows.
Voluntary Employee Turnover, Job Embeddedness & Organizational Tacit Knowledge in Small and Medium Enterprises

Purpose: The study was justified, given the abundance of research evidence on the negative impacts of voluntary turnover on SMEs as well as the paucity of studies that are related to the consequences of turnover in the SME domain. Aims: This paper was aimed at examining the potential for a negative relationship between voluntary employee turnover and organizational tacit knowledge within small and medium enterprises. It also examined the possibility for level of investment in human capital to moderate the relationship between voluntary employee turnover and organizational tacit knowledge. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study was designed as a quantitative study—Likert-based data were collected electronically, and analyzed, using regression and correlation models. Further, a job embeddedness scale was employed to measure turnover intention; turnover rates were employed to measure actual turnover and a tacit knowledge scale was employed to measure organizational tacit knowledge. Findings: A significant and negative relationship was found between voluntary employee turnover rates and organizational tacit knowledge. However, only one of the six sub-dimensions of job embeddedness was negatively related to voluntary employee turnover rates. With the aid of a regression model, level of investment in human capital was found capable of moderating the relationship between organizational tacit knowledge and voluntary employee turnover rates in one of the years examined. These findings provide partial support for three of four hypotheses. Limitations: This study was limited by lack of job embeddedness and tacit knowledge theories and measurement scales that are built on data collected from small and medium enterprises— suggesting the need for these theories to be developed in future studies. Practical Implications: The need for more practical investments in human capital to reduce turnover, while increasing organizational tacit knowledge is strongly reinforced. Originality/Value: The potential negative relationship between voluntary turnover and organizational tacit knowledge would deepen the knowledge and insights of human resource managers, knowledge managers and scholars in these domains.
Chopart Amputation for Ewing’s Sarcoma of the Metatarsal in a Pediatric Patient: Technique and Pearls

A 9-year-old female presented with non-metastatic Ewing’s sarcoma of the third metatarsal isolated to the forefoot. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, she underwent a Chopart amputation a partial amputation of the foot at the level of the transtarsal joint. The Chopart amputation has been shown to have equivalent if not slightly better outcomes than the more common Syme amputation in pediatric patients. However, the Chopart amputation has sometimes been considered less favorable due to the development of equinus deformity. There are specific technical aspects of the procedure that help to minimize development of equinus, including performing tendon transfers of the ankle dorsiflexors to the talar neck through transosseous tunnels in addition to performing a tenotomy of the Achilles tendon. In this article, we discuss the case of a pediatric patient who underwent a Chopart amputation, we compare alternative partial-foot amputation options, and we detail technical pearls to optimize outcomes. Christopher Honstad1, Edward Fox1 and William Hennrikus2* 1Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, USA 2Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State Hershey Pediatric Bone and Joint Institute, USA
RELATIVE EFFICACY OF BIOPESTICIDES AND NEWER INSECTICIDES AGAINST HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HUB.) IN TOMATO

Relative efficacy of biopesticides and newer insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) on tomato was evaluated in field conditions. The results showed that the three applications of flubendiamide 480 SC at 200 mL/ ha was found significantly most effective, which caused highest mean reduction of population of tomato fruit borer larvae and fruit damage, 89.94 and 3.10 per cent. It was followed by spinosad 45 SC at 200 mL/ha and HaNPV at 250 LE/ha with 74.67 and 74.10 per cent mean reduction, respectively and were at par with each other and the spinosad 45 SC @ 200 mL/ha observed (4.86) per cent fruit damage followed by HaNPV 250 LE/ha, Bt @1.5 kg/ha and Beta-cyfluthrin 2.5 SC were found moderately effective treatment being 8.16, 10.14 and 6.68 per cent fruit damage, respectively. The highest marketable yield of 265.68q/ha was recorded in case of Flubendiamide 480 SC @ 200 mL/ha with highest C: B ratio of 1:2.075. It was followed by Spinosad 45 SC @ 200mL/ha (251.29 q/ha) and Beta-cyfluthrin 2.5 SC @ 750 ml/ha (238.38 q/ha).
A framework of artificial light management for optimal plant development for smart greenhouse application

Smart greenhouse farming has emerged as one of the solutions to global food security, where farming productivity can be managed and improved in an automated manner. While it is known that plant development is highly dependent on the quantity and quality of light exposure, the specific impact of the different light properties is yet to be fully understood. In this study, using the model plant Arabidopsis, we systematically investigate how six different light properties (i.e., photoperiod, light offset, intensity, phase of dawn, duration of twilight and period) would affect plant development i.e., flowering time and hypocotyl (seedling stem) elongation using an established mathematical model of the plant circadian system relating light input to flowering time and hypocotyl elongation outputs for smart greenhouse application. We vary each of the light properties individually and then collectively to understand their effect on plant development. Our analyses show in comparison to the nominal value, the photoperiod of 18 hours, period of 24 hours, no light offset, phase of dawn of 0 hour, duration of twilight of 0.05 hour and a reduced light intensity of 1% are able to improve by at least 30% in days to flower (from 32.52 days to 20.61 days) and hypocotyl length (from 1.90 mm to 1.19mm) with the added benefit of reducing energy consumption by at least 15% (from 4.27 MWh/year to 3.62 MWh/year). These findings could provide beneficial solutions to the smart greenhouse farming industries in terms of achieving enhanced productivity while consuming less energy.