Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of agricultural water productivity and application

Agricultural water productivity is an important indicator to assess the effect of irrigation water management and water conservation.In this paper,a method is presented to calculate water productivity based on evapotranspiration(ET) and dry matter(DM) estimated by remote sensing data.Water productivity data are calculated and analyzed in the plain of Hai Basin from 2003 to 2008.The results show that water productivity data estimated by remote sensing can reflect spatial differences in the amount of water output per cubic meter.The average water productivity for the plain of the Hai Basin is 0.99 kg/m3,the range is 0.02—2.13 kg/m3,and the overall level is low with a big difference between north and south.The relationship between yield and water productivity shows a high linear correlation(R=0.97),and increasing yield production remains an important direction for improving the water productivity level in the basin.The curves between water productivity change with ET and yield changes with ET are similar,keeping stable after a linear increasing trend.When the water consumption of the wheat-and-maize rotation region is between 335—575 mm,water is the main limiting factor for yield production.When water consumption is higher than 575 mm,the harvest index is another important limiting factor for yield production except available water.
Understanding Hypertriglyceridemia: Integrating Genetic Insights

Hypertriglyceridemia is an exceptionally complex metabolic disorder characterized by elevated plasma triglycerides associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis and cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease. Its phenotype expression is widely heterogeneous and heavily influenced by conditions as obesity, alcohol consumption, or metabolic syndromes. Looking into the genetic underpinnings of hypertriglyceridemia, this review focuses on the genetic variants in LPL, APOA5, APOC2, GPIHBP1 and LMF1 triglyceride-regulating genes reportedly associated with abnormal genetic transcription and the translation of proteins participating in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Hypertriglyceridemia resulting from such genetic abnormalities can be categorized as monogenic or polygenic. Monogenic hypertriglyceridemia, also known as familial chylomicronemia syndrome, is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the five canonical genes. Polygenic hypertriglyceridemia, also known as multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome in extreme cases of hypertriglyceridemia, is caused by heterozygous pathogenic genetic variants with variable penetrance affecting the canonical genes, and a set of common non-pathogenic genetic variants (polymorphisms, using the former nomenclature) with well-established association with elevated triglyceride levels. We further address recent progress in triglyceride-lowering treatments. Understanding the genetic basis of hypertriglyceridemia opens new translational opportunities in the scope of genetic screening and the development of novel therapies.
Blue Sucker Summer Utilization Distributions and Inter-annual Fidelity to Summering Habitats

Blue Sucker Cycleptus elongatus populations in the Missouri River are believed to be declining. The decline is most likely attributable to anthropogenic modifications including channelization and dam construction. We compared 2008 and 2009 summer use distribution (UD) for 21 blue suckers implanted with acoustic tags to better understand how blue suckers use the Missouri River. UDs are used to analyze space-use requirements based on the home range concept. The geometric mean 95% UD range was 1.9 river kilometers (RKM) in 2008 and 0.3 RKM in 2009, and differed statistically by year. The upper bound of the 2008 95% UD accounted for 96% of the variation in the upper bound of the 2009 95% UD when regressed against each other, and the slope did not differ from one, which indicates that UD boundary locations were similar between years. Results were similar for the lower bound. Blue suckers appear to have a high degree of fidelity to sites occupied during the summer even though they undertake substantial (>20 RKM) seasonal migrations. This fidelity could increase the species’ vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic disturbances, however, knowledge of this behavior should also serve as a guide for conservation efforts.
Bovine Parainfluenza-3 Virus Detection Methods and Prevalence in Cattle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Simple Summary This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the global prevalence of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI3V) in cattle, a significant pathogen in the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). By systematically reviewing and meta-analysing data from 71 articles across 32 countries, the study reveals variations in BPI3V prevalence based on different detection methods, including antibodies, antigen and nucleic acid detection, and virus isolation. The findings indicate a similar prevalence of BPI3V in cattle with BRDC compared to that in the general cattle population. This research underscores the need for dedicated BPI3V studies to better understand its role within BRDC and inform targeted disease management strategies. Abstract Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI3V) is an important respiratory pathogen in cattle, contributing to syndromes in the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). Despite its significance, the understanding of its prevalence remains fragmented, especially within the larger framework of BRDC. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the global prevalence of BPI3V in cattle using varied detection methods and to highlight associated risk factors. Of 2187 initially retrieved articles, 71 were selected for analysis, covering 32 countries. Depending on the detection method employed, the meta-analysis revealed significant variations in BPI3V prevalence. In the general cattle population, the highest prevalence was observed using the antibody detection method, with a proportion of 0.64. In contrast, in cattle with BRDC, a prevalence of 0.75 was observed. For the antigen detection method, a prevalence of 0.15 was observed, exclusively in cattle with BRDC. In nucleic acid detection, a prevalence of 0.05 or 0.10 was observed in the general and BRDC cattle populations, respectively. In virus isolation methods, a prevalence of 0.05 or 0.04 was observed in the general and BRDC cattle populations, respectively. These findings highlight the differences in the detection ability of different methods in identifying BPI3V. Other factors, such as country, study year, coinfections, farm size, the presence of respiratory signs, sex, and body weight, may also affect the prevalence. Most studies were anchored within broader BRDC investigations or aimed at detecting other diseases, indicating a potential under-representation of focused BPI3V research. BPI3V plays an important role in BRDC, with its prevalence varying significantly based on the detection methodology. To further understand its unique role within BRDC and pave the way for targeted interventions, there is an evident need for independent, dedicated research on BPI3V.
Treatments Targeting the Androgen Receptor and Its Splice Variants in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. The complexity of endocrine regulation in breast cancer may allow the cancer cells to escape from a particular treatment and result in resistant and aggressive disease. These breast cancers usually have fewer treatment options. Targeted therapies for cancer patients may offer fewer adverse side effects because of specificity compared to conventional chemotherapy. Signaling pathways of nuclear receptors, such as the estrogen receptor (ER), have been intensively studied and used as therapeutic targets. Recently, the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer is gaining greater attention as a therapeutic target and as a prognostic biomarker. The expression of constitutively active truncated AR splice variants in breast cancer is a possible mechanism contributing to treatment resistance. Therefore, targeting both the full-length AR and AR variants, either through the activation or suppression of AR function, depending on the status of the ER, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, may provide additional treatment options. Studies targeting AR in combination with other treatment strategies are ongoing in clinical trials. The determination of the status of nuclear receptors to classify and identify patient subgroups will facilitate optimized and targeted combination therapies.
Motion Parameter Estimation Based SAR Imaging

Motion compensation is the key step of SAR imaging,especially for high resolution SAR imaging.The motion parameter can be measured by navigational instrument,and also can be estimated from data.These two methods usually need to be combined.Although there are many studies about motion parameter estimation,and many estimation and compensation methods have been proposed,how to select a proper method according to real situation is still problem.This paper proposes algorithms for estimating the motion parameter and SAR imaging for a given radar and motion state,which can obtain a good SAR image with reduced computation load.
Participatory variety selection of Faba Bean for yield components and yield at highlands of West Hararghe, Eastern Ethiopia

Faba bean is one the major highland grain food legumes contributing an enormous amount of protein to the human diet in Ethiopia. Though a lot of improved varieties were released by research centers farmers depend on low yield and local varieties. Participatory variety selection is one of the methods used to evaluate varieties through involvement of users. The participatory faba bean variety selection was conducted during 2014 cropping season at Chiro and Gemachis districts on two farmers training center and three farmers field. Eight released varieties with one local check were laid out in Randomized complete block design in three replications on Farmers training center and single plot on farmer’s field. Agronomic and farmer selection data were collected and analyzed. From all the tested varieties, variety Hachalu was superior in grain yield (1437 kg ha -1 ) and ( 808 kg ha
Equatorial ionization anomaly in the low‐latitude topside ionosphere: Local time evolution and longitudinal difference

Although the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) has been widely studied, it was seldom investigated from observations for the topside ionosphere. In this paper, the climatology characteristics of the latitudinal structure of topside ion density (Ni) were investigated in detail using ROCSAT‐1 and DMSP Ni observations. EIA double‐peak structure may exist at 600 km, depending on longitude, local time, season, and solar activity, while it is not a prevalent characteristic at 840 km even at solar maximum sunset. Local time evolution of the EIA at 600 km was presented. The double‐peak structure begins to appear at noontime, being later than the appearance of the EIA in F2 peak region. The pronounced EIA induced by the strong prereversal enhancement at solar maximum begins to appear at 19:00 LT and can last to premidnight; EIA crest‐to‐trough ratio is largest (lowest) at March equinox (June solstice) and reaches a maximum at 20:00 LT in all seasons. EIA structure shows evident longitudinal difference. Pronounced EIA exists around about 100°E at 13:00 LT at the two equinoxes and June solstice, while it exists at more extensive longitudes (about 90°E to 240°E) at December solstice. The trans‐equator plasma transport induced by neutral winds can weaken the double‐peak structure in the topside ionosphere. The longitudinal difference in the EIA structure at 600 km is related to the longitudinal variations of equatorial upward plasma drift and geomagnetic declination.
Overborrowing and Systemic Externalities in the Business Cycle

Credit constraints that link a private agent's debt to market-determined prices embody a systemic credit externality that drives a wedge between competitive and (constrained) socially optimal equilibria, which induces private agents to ``overborrow". We quantify the effects of this externality in a two-sector DSGE model of a small open economy calibrated to emerging markets. Debt is denominated in units of tradable goods, and is constrained not to exceed a fraction of income, including nontradables income valued at the relative price of nontradables. The externality arises because agents fail to internalize the price effects of their individual borrowing, and hence the adverse debt-deflation amplification effects of negative income shocks that trigger a binding credit constraint. Quantitatively, the credit externality causes a modest increase in average debt, of about 2 percentage points of GDP, but it triples the probability of financial crises and doubles the average current account and consumption reversals caused by these crises.
Almacenamiento y germinación de las semillas de Jiotilla con diferente peso

The aim of this study was to evaluate the germination of seeds of different weigth of Escontria chiotilla, collected in May 2009 in Coxcatlan, Puebla. The experimental design was completely randomized. Factors taken were seed weight (0.584, 0.490 and 0.466 mg) and storage conditions (23 ± 2 ° C and -20 ° C environment in the germplasm bank of UACH-BANGEV). Germination capacity in 2009 (initial with no storage), 2010 and 2012, with storage of one and three years, respectively, was evaluated. The experimental unit was a Petri dish with 1% agar and 100 seeds taken from each treatment with five repetitions, evaluated for 30 days each year. The results showed that germination capacity decreased after 3 years for all three weights. The heavier seeds (0.584 mg) retained the highest percentage in storage conditions environment , while the seeds stored in BANGEV decreased their ability to germinate at all weights. It was concluded that seed germination of Escontria chiotilla is affected by weight and storage condition and time.
Stress Distribution on Maxillary Canines Following Restoration With Different Dimensions of Metal and Fiber Posts: A Finite Element Study

Introduction In recent times, finite element analysis (FEA) in the field of dentistry has been employed to assess the mechanical properties of biological materials and tissues, which are difficult to quantify directly within a living organism. Only a limited number of studies have examined the impact of post diameter and length on how stress is dispersed in a maxillary canine tooth. Hence, this in vitro investigation was conducted to analyze the distribution of stress in a maxillary canine tooth that was replaced using metal and fiber posts with different diameters (1.5 mm and 1.8 mm) and lengths (11 mm and 15 mm), applying FEA. Materials and methods A FEA study was performed and all models were grouped as follows: Models 1 and 5 were made of titanium (Ti) and glass fiber posts, respectively, with a diameter of 1.5 mm and a length of 15 mm with composite core and all-ceramic crown; Models 2 and 6 were made of Ti and glass fiber posts, respectively, with a diameter of 1.5 mm and a length of 11 mm with composite core and all-ceramic crown; Models 3 and 7 were made of Ti and glass fiber posts, respectively, with a diameter of 1.8 mm and a length of 15 mm with composite core and all-ceramic crown; and Models 4 and 8 were made of Ti and glass fiber posts, respectively, with a diameter of 1.8 mm and a length of 11 mm with composite core and all-ceramic crown. A force of 200 N was exerted on the ceramic crown at an angulation of 45° to the longitudinal axis of the tooth on the palatal surface above the cingulum. The failure was determined by the correlation between a larger von Mises stress estimate and an increased likelihood of failure. The resulting stresses were then contrasted with the highest possible tensile strength of the material. Results The study demonstrated that fiber posts with a diameter of 1.8 mm and an average length of 11 mm exhibited reduced stress levels in comparison to Ti posts. The largest stresses were seen at the cervical region of the tooth, regardless of the materials employed. There was no discernible alteration in stress when the length and diameter of the post were modified. The highest stress in the composite core was measured in Ti posts measuring 1.5 mm in diameter and 15 mm in length. The highest level of stress on dentin was noted in cases where a fiber post was used, as opposed to cases where a Ti post was used. The measured stress within the fiber post was insignificant. However, the pressures imparted to the dentin were greater and more uniformly distributed in comparison to the Ti post cases. Conclusion It is suggested that a composite resin core be used along with a fiber post that is larger in diameter and smaller in length, within clinical bounds, in order to lessen stress in the radicular tooth, despite the substantial coronal defect. Further clinical trials are required to assess the survival rate of these specific measurements, dimensions, and biomaterials.
Reviewing FID and SID Metrics on Generative Adversarial Networks

The growth of generative adversarial network (GAN) models has increased the ability of image processing and provides numerous industries with the technology to produce realistic image transformations. However, with the field being recently established there are new evaluation metrics that can further this research. Previous research has shown the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) to be an effective metric when testing these image-to-image GANs in real-world applications. Signed Inception Distance (SID), a founded metric in 2023, expands on FID by allowing unsigned distances. This paper usespublic datasetsthat consist of façades, cityscapes, and maps within Pix2Pix and CycleGAN models. After trainin , these models are evaluated on both inception distance metrics which measure the generating performance of the trained models. Our findings indicate that usage of the metric SID incorporates an efficient and effective metric to complement, or even exceed the ability shown using the FID for the image-to-image GANs.
Solvent- and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of gem-Difluorinated and Polyfluoroarylated Compounds with Nucleophilic or Electrophilic Fluorine-Containing Reaction Partners, Respectively

A novel, efficient and environmentally friendly solvent-free and catalyst-free approach for the synthesis of structurally diverse gem-difluorinated and polyfluoroarylated derivatives with readily available nucleophilic and electrophilic fluorine-containing reaction partners, difluoroenoxysilane and pentafluorobenzaldehyde, is described. This neat protocol is induced by the direct hydrogen-bond interactions between fluorinated and non-fluorinated reactants without the use of heavy metal catalysts or volatile organic solvents and with no need for column chromatographic separation for most cases.
Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils of Lippia Origanoides H.B.K. grown in Colombia

Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation, simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, were used to isolate secondary metabolites from two Lippia origanoides chemotypes growing wild in Colombia. Compound identification was based on chromatographic and spectroscopic criteria. The main components identified in the essential oil of one chemotype were carvacrol (44.4 – 51.8%) and p-cymene (8.8 – 10.1%). Those of the other chemotype were p-cymene (11.3 – 15.7%) and 1,8-cineole (6.8 – 10.9%). The last one constitutes a new chemotype, characterized by its low thymol and carvacrol contents and very low antioxidant activity. The radical scavenging activity of the essential oil of the first chemotype was higher than that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and similar to that of α-tocopherol.
Importance of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy-review

Pregnancy is a state that leads to several deficiency and increased demand of essential nutrients for the growing foetus. In one such case it is seen that vitamin D deficiency can lead to severe outcome in the new-born as well as the mother. Vitamin D travels to the foetus by passive transfer and the foetus is entirely dependent on maternal stores. Therefore it becomes all the more essential to know your vitamin D level during antenatal period to prevent adverse outcomes. Vitamin D supplementation helps in preventing the outcomes like rickets, low birth weight, bone and dental deformity in foetus, decreased immunity and impaired lung function in children, whereas also helping in decreased incidence of primary caesarean sections, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus in mother. The recommended dose has been described up to 2000IU/day as a supplementation and not therapeutic dose, which is found to be safe and effective.
The Effect of Exposure to Candida Albicans Suspension on the Properties of Silicone Dental Soft Lining Material

While functioning in the oral cavity, denture soft linings (SL) are exposed to contact with the microbiota. Dentures can offer perfect conditions for the multiplication of pathogenic yeast-like fungi, resulting in rapid colonisation of the surface of the materials used. In vitro experiments have also shown that yeast may penetrate SL. This may lead to changes in their initially beneficial functional properties. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of three months of exposure to a Candida albicans suspension on the mechanical properties of SL material and its bond strength to the denture base polymer, and to additionally verify previous reports of penetration using a different methodology. Specimens of the SL material used were incubated for 30, 60 and 90 days in a suspension of Candida albicans strain (ATCC 10231). Their shore A hardness, tensile strength, and bond strength to acrylic resin were tested. The colonization of the surface and penetration on fractured specimens were analysed with scanning electron and inverted fluorescence microscopes. Exposure to yeast did not affect the mechanical properties. The surfaces of the samples were colonised, especially in crystallized structures of the medium; however, the penetration of hyphae and blastospores into the material was not observed.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth A micromechanical model of rate and state friction: 2. Eﬀect of shear and normal stress changes

In this paper we analyze the inﬂuence of shear and normal stress changes on frictional properties. This problem is fundamental as, for instance, sudden stress changes are naturally induced on active faults by nearby earthquakes. As any stress changes can be seen as resulting from a succession of inﬁnitesimal stress steps, the role of sudden stress changes is crucial to our understanding of fault dynamics. Laboratory experiments carried out by Linker and Dieterich (1992) and Nagata et al. (2012), considering steps in normal and shear stress, respectively, show an instantaneous response of the state variable (a proxy for the evolution of contact surface in our model) to a sudden stress change. We interpret this response as being due to an (instantaneous) elastic response of the plastic and elastic contacts. We assume that the anelastic response of the plastic contacts is frozen during sudden stress changes. The contacts, which were driven by plasticity before the stress change, are elastically accommodated during the sudden variation of the load. On the contrary, when the loading is slowly varying, elastic deformation of plastic contacts can be neglected. Our model is able to explain the evolution law for the state variable reported by Linker and Dieterich (1992).