Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human lymphocytes mobilized with exercise have an anti-tumor transcriptomic profile and exert enhanced graft-versus-leukemia effects in xenogeneic mice

Background Every bout of exercise mobilizes and redistributes large numbers of effector lymphocytes with a cytotoxic and tissue migration phenotype. The frequent redistribution of these cells is purported to increase immune surveillance and play a mechanistic role in reducing cancer risk and slowing tumor progression in physically active cancer survivors. Our aim was to provide the first detailed single cell transcriptomic analysis of exercise-mobilized lymphocytes and test their effectiveness as a donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in xenogeneic mice engrafted with human leukemia. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from healthy volunteers at rest and at the end of an acute bout of cycling exercise. Flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to identify phenotypic and transcriptomic differences between resting and exercise-mobilized cells using a targeted gene expression panel curated for human immunology. PBMCs were injected into the tail vein of xenogeneic NSG-IL-15 mice and subsequently challenged with a luciferase tagged chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (K562). Tumor growth (bioluminescence) and xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) were monitored bi-weekly for 40-days. Results Exercise preferentially mobilized NK-cell, CD8+ T-cell and monocyte subtypes with a differentiated and effector phenotype, without significantly mobilizing CD4+ regulatory T-cells. Mobilized effector lymphocytes, particularly effector-memory CD8+ T-cells and NK-cells, displayed differentially expressed genes and enriched gene sets associated with anti-tumor activity, including cytotoxicity, migration/chemotaxis, antigen binding, cytokine responsiveness and alloreactivity (e.g. graft-versus-host/leukemia). Mice receiving exercise-mobilized PBMCs had lower tumor burden and higher overall survival (4.14E+08 photons/s and 47%, respectively) at day 40 compared to mice receiving resting PBMCs (12.1E+08 photons/s and 22%, respectively) from the same donors (p<0.05). Human immune cell engraftment was similar for resting and exercise-mobilized DLI. However, when compared to non-tumor bearing mice, K562 increased the expansion of NK-cell and CD3+/CD4-/CD8- T-cells in mice receiving exercise-mobilized but not resting lymphocytes, 1-2 weeks after DLI. No differences in GvHD or GvHD-free survival was observed between groups either with or without K562 challenge. Conclusion Exercise in humans mobilizes effector lymphocytes with an anti-tumor transcriptomic profile and their use as DLI extends survival and enhances the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect without exacerbating GvHD in human leukemia bearing xenogeneic mice. Exercise may serve as an effective and economical adjuvant to increase the GvL effects of allogeneic cell therapies without intensifying GvHD.
Suspensions in a tilted trough: second normal stress difference

Abstract We measure the second normal-stress difference in suspensions of non-Brownian neutrally buoyant rigid spheres dispersed in a Newtonian fluid. We use a method inspired by Wineman & Pipkin (Acta Mechanica, vol. 2, 1966, pp. 104–115) and Tanner (Trans. Soc. Rheol., vol. 14, 1970, pp. 483–507), which relies on the examination of the shape of the suspension free surface in a tilted trough flow. The second normal-stress difference is found to be negative and linear in shear stress. The ratio of the second normal-stress difference to shear stress increases with increasing volume fraction. A clear behavioural change exhibiting a strong (approximately linear) growth in the magnitude of this ratio with volume fraction is seen above a volume fraction of 0.22. By comparing our results with previous data obtained for the same batch of spheres by Boyer, Pouliquen & Guazzeli (J. Fluid Mech., 2011, doi:10.1017/jfm.2011.272), the ratio of the first normal-stress difference to the shear stress is estimated and its magnitude is found to be very small.
Time trends and heterogeneity in the disease burden of visual impairment due to cataract, 1990–2019: A global analysis

Objectives This study aimed to estimate the disease burden of cataract and evaluate the contributions of risk factors to cataract-associated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Materials and methods Prevalence and DALYs of visual impairment due to cataract were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 to explore time trends and annual changes. Regional and country-level socioeconomic indexes were obtained from open databases. The time trend of prevalence and DALYs was demonstrated. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to evaluate associations between the age-standardized rate of DALYs of cataract and potential predictors. Results Global Prevalence rate of visual impairment due to cataract rose by 58.45% to 1,253.9 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 1,103.3 to 1,417.7 per 100,000 population) in 2019 and the DALYs rate rose by 32.18% from 65.3 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 46.4 to 88.2 per 100,000 population) in 1990 to 86.3 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 61.5 to 116.4 per 100,000 population) in 2019. Stepwise multiple linear regression model showed that higher refractive error prevalence (β = 0.036, 95% CI: 0.022, 0.050, P < 0.001), lower number of physicians per 10,000 population (β = −0.959, 95% CI: −1.685, −0.233, P = 0.010), and lower level of HDI (β = −134.93, 95% CI: −209.84, −60.02, P = 0.001) were associated with a higher disease burden of cataract. Conclusion Substantial increases in the prevalence of visual impairment and DALYs of cataract were observed from 1990 to 2019. Successful global initiatives targeting improving cataract surgical rate and quality, especially in regions with lower socioeconomic status, is a prerequisite to combating this growing burden of cataract in the aging society.
Chronic stress negatively impacts wound healing, welfare, and stress regulation in internally tagged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

The desire to understand fish welfare better has led to the development of live monitoring sensor tags embedded within individuals for long periods. Improving and understanding welfare must not come at the cost of impaired welfare due to a tag’s presence and implantation process. When welfare is compromised, the individual will experience negative emotions such as fear, pain, and distress, impacting the stress response. In this study, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) underwent surgical implantation of a dummy tag. Additionally, half of this group was introduced to daily crowding stress. Both groups and an untagged group were followed for 8 weeks using triplicate tanks per group. Sampling took place once a week, and where stress was given, it was conducted 24 h before sampling. Stress-related measurements were taken to understand if tagging caused chronic stress and explore the chronic stress response and its impact on wound healing. Primary stress response hormones measured included CRH, dopamine, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol. Secondary stress response parameters measured included glucose, lactate, magnesium, calcium, chloride, and osmolality. Tertiary stress response parameters measured included weight, length, and five fins for fin erosion. Wound healing was calculated by taking the incision length and width, the inflammation length and width, and the inside wound length and width. The wound healing process showed that stressed fish have a larger and longer-lasting inflammation period and a slower wound healing process, as seen from the inside wound. The tagging of Atlantic salmon did not cause chronic stress. In contrast, daily stress led to an allostatic overload type two response. ACTH was elevated in the plasma after 4 weeks, and cortisol followed elevation after 6 weeks, highlighting a breakdown of the stress regulation. Fin erosion was elevated alongside cortisol increase in the stressed group. This data suggests that tagging previously unstressed fish in a controlled environment does not negatively affect welfare regarding stress responses. It also indicates that stress delays wound healing and increases the inflammatory response, highlighting how continued stress causes a breakdown in some stress responses. Ultimately, the tagging of Atlantic salmon can be successful under certain conditions where proper healing is observed, tag retention is high, and chronic stress is not present, which could allow for the possible measurement of welfare indicators via smart-tags.
The Fidget Factor and the obesity paradox. How small movements have big impact

The hypothesis is that the Fidget Factor is the innate neurological pulse that propels humans and other species to move to support their health. Fidgets, previously thought to be spontaneous, are neurologically regulated and highly ordered (non-random). Modern societies being chair-based overwhelm Fidget Factor pulses and consequently inflict chair-based living for transportation, labor, and leisure. Despite impulses firing through the nervous system, people sit because environmental design overwhelms the biology. Urbanization and chair-based societies were designed after the industrial revolution to promote productivity; however, the consequence has been opposite. Crushing the natural urge to move—the Fidget Factor—is a public health calamity. Excess sitting is associated with a myriad of detrimental health consequences and impairs productivity. Fidgeting may reduce all-cause mortality associated with excessive sitting. The Fidget Factor offers hope; data demonstrate that workplaces and schools can be designed to promote activity and free people's Fidget Factors. Evidence shows that people are happier, healthier, wealthier, and more successful if their Fidget Factors are freed.
A novel pyroptosis-related prognostic signature for lung adenocarcinoma: Identification and multi-angle verification

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is an aggressive disease of heterogeneous characteristics with poor prognosis and high mortality. Pyroptosis, a newly uncovered type of programmed cell death with an inflammatory nature, has been determined to hold substantial importance in the progression of tumors. Despite this, the knowledge about pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in LUAD is limited. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic signature for LUAD based on PRGs. Methods: In this research, gene expression information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) served as the training cohort and data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was utilized as the validation cohort. PRGs list was taken from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) and previous studies. Univariate Cox regression and Lasso analysis were then conducted to identify prognostic PRGs and develop a LUAD prognostic signature. The Kaplan-Meier method, univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were employed to assess the independent prognostic value and forecasting accuracy of the pyroptosis-related prognostic signature. The correlation between prognostic signature and immune infiltrating was analyzed to examine the role in tumor diagnosis and immunotherapy. Further, RNA-seq as well as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis in separate data sets was applied in order to validate the potential biomarkers for LUAD. Results: A novel prognostic signature based on 8 PRGs (BAK1, CHMP2A, CYCS, IL1A, CASP9, NLRC4, NLRP1, and NOD1) was established to predict the survival of LUAD. The prognostic signature proved to be an independent prognostic factor of LUAD with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in the training and validation sets. High-risk scores subgroups in the prognostic signature were significantly associated with advanced tumor stage, poor prognosis, less immune cell infiltration, and immune function deficiency. RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of CHMP2A and NLRC4 could be used as biomarkers for LUAD. Conclusion: We have successfully developed a prognostic signature consisting of eight PRGs that providing a novel perspective on predicting prognosis, assessing infiltration levels of tumor immune cells, and determining the outcomes of immunotherapy for LUAD.
Social media consent myths originated in 2016, when Rhoads created the Social Media Consent Myths Scale to assess common false beliefs regarding sexual consent in an effort to modernize and improve sexual assault prevention

This study investigated how social media use, specifically exposure to and posting of sexualized and party-related content on social media and interpretations of that content as sexual consent communication, related to college students’ intentions to engage in sexual consent communication. A national sample of U.S. college students (N = 954) completed the relevant measures in an online survey. Results indicated that the more college students reported exposure to sexualized and partyrelated content on social media, the more likely they were to report posting similar content and believe in harmful consent myths (i.e., that a person’s sexual consent can be assumed by looking at their social media profiles). Posting sexualized and party-related content on social media was also related to lesser intentions to engage in consent communication. These findings provide evidence for the importance of considering social media use in how college students understand sexual consent communication that may be used to inform future sexual consent education on college campuses.
Problems in lysimeter use for determining the water demand of sugar beet

Investigation on evapotranspiration and changes in plant features as assimilatory surface, stomatal resistance, soil temperature and plant production of three different sugar beet varieties grown at non-limited water supply in Thornthwaite type compensation evapotranspirometers (or lysimeters) were carried out at Keszthely, Hungary, during the 1992 growing season. (The surface area of soil containers of the evapotranspirometers was 4 m 2 , the depth of them was 1 m.) Already in the early stage of plant development it became evident, that the water supply and the ratio of soil moisture and soil air in the containers of lysimeters were not advantageous for sugar beet growing (size and color of leaves). The assimilatory surface of plants grown in lysimeters decreased significantly, and caused differences also in parameters of microclimate (soil and air temperatures, relative humidity of air) and other plant characteristics as compared to the control treatment. The LAI in the irrigated treatments decreased considerably, and caused increase in soil surface temperatures. The higher the soil temperature, the larger the stomatal resistance was experienced in watered canopies. These symptoms were completely contrary to our expectations. The direction of change in plant characteristics of irrigated treatments has a negative influence on plant sugar production, where the yield depressions were between 3.2 and 40.9% depending on crop variety. There was significant difference in measured plant and microclimatic parameters of the three cultivars as well. In spite of higher soil moisture of lysimeters there was a strong decrease in sugar production of Gala and Kawemaya varieties. Either studied crop parameters or production of watered Eva cultivar has changed on the least extent as compared to the control ones, that means different sensitivity of the three sugar beet varieties for altered environmental (soil water) conditions. The change in soil air-water ratio resulted from continuous water supply in the lysimeter soil had negative effect on production of two beet cultivars. To determine the sugar beet water demand correctly, other water supply methods of containers or deeper lysimeter tanks would be necessary
A generalized theory for shaft—hub couplings

Abstract The design of compression-fit joints, based on the theory of thick-walled cylinders, is usually referred to shaft—hub couplings carried out between two elements that have an axial symmetric shape. The stress distributions both inside the elements and on the contact surfaces can be defined by the equilibrium and by the compatibility formulae once the total radial interference and the internal and external pressure (the boundary conditions) are known. The complete tensile state of the coupling is defined by two principal stresses: the radial and the hoop tensions. The present article aims at extending the analytic calculation valid for two elements to a number of n elements by means of a sequential solution of the governing equation system. The elements in contact can rotate at a generic angular velocity and can, also, be made of different materials. The overall solution has been derived starting from the hypothesis of the simultaneous presence of axial symmetric geometries and axial symmetric loads. The mathematical model has been verified by comparing the theoretical results with some finite-element analysis calculations performed on the same coupled elements.
Relative perturbation techniques for singular value problems

A technique is presented for deriving bounds on the relative change in the singular values of a real matrix (or the eigenvalues of a real symmetric matrix) due to a perturbation, as well as bounds on the angles between the unperturbed and perturbed singular vectors (or eigenvectors). The class of perturbations considered consists of all $\delta B$ for which $B + \delta B = D_L BD_R $ for some nonsingular matrices $D_L $ and $D_R $. This class includes componentwise relative perturbations of a bidiagonal or biacyclic matrix and perturbations that annihilate the off-diagonal block in a block triangular matrix. Many existing relative perturbation and deflation bounds are derived from results for this general class of perturbations. Also some new relative perturbation and deflation results for the singular values and vectors of biacyclic, triangular, and shifted triangular matrices are presented.
Collinearity and Optimal Restrictions on Regression Parameters for Estimating Responses

Collinearity among independent variables in multiple linear regression can have severe effects on the precision of response estimation for some region of interest of independent variables. Collinearity is shown to be a situation in which there exist some linear restrictions on the regression parameters, β, that might yield better response estimators than the ordinary least squares estimators in the mean squared error context. This paper studies restrictions and formulates optimal restrictions in the sense of mean squared error. It is shown that the least squares estimator of β under the optimal restrictions is identical to a principal component estimator of β.
Self-prioritization is modulated by arousal

Stimuli related to the self are processed more efficiently in a variety of cognitive tasks. Recent studies have shown that this self-referential bias is modulated by one’s emotional states; however, it remains unclear whether the impact of emotion is primarily attributable to valence or arousal. Experiment 1 measured the self-prioritization effect with a label-shape matching task under four mood states. The results revealed a stronger self-prioritization effect in moods of higher arousal level, and a significant correlation between the arousal ratings and the self-prioritization effect. Experiment 2 further showed that alerting cues, which have been known to elevate the arousal level, boosted the self-c
Perceived Government Support as an Antecedent of Attitude and Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC) Effect on Agricultural Entrepreneurship (Agropreneurship) Intention Among the Youth in Sabah

: Agropreneurship refers to producing, processing, and selling various agricultural products. Essentially, the Sabah Agriculture Blueprint 2021-2030 aims to attract more public involvement, particularly among graduates in the agriculture and fisheries sector, while lessening such imported goods. The Sabahan youth could benefit from this blueprint. Despite this significance, youth participation in the agricultural industry remains low. Therefore, this study examined the effect of the perceived government support on the attitude towards agropreneurship and PBC. On top of that, this study investigated the effect of perceived government support, the attitude towards agropreneurship, PBC
Seasonal Prediction of Arctic Sea Ice Extent from a Coupled Dynamical Forecast System

AbstractWhile fully coupled atmosphere–ocean models have been used to study the seasonal predictability of sea ice variations within the context of models’ own variability, their capability in predicting the observed sea ice at the seasonal time scales is not well assessed. In this study, sea ice predictions from the recently developed NCEP Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean model including an interactive dynamical sea ice component, are analyzed. The focus of the analysis is the performance of CFSv2 in reproducing observed Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent (SIE). The SIE climatology, long-term trend, interannual variability, and predictability are assessed. CFSv2 contains systematic biases that are dependent more on the forecast target month than the initial month, with a positive SIE bias for the forecast for January–September and a negative SIE bias for the forecast for October–December. A large source of seasonal prediction skill is from the long-term trend, .
Translational embeddings in modal logic

Often when we do philosophy we want to define less well understood notions with which we are concerned in terms of those which we have a much firmer grasp on. Hence, to take a classical example, we often try to define knowledge in terms of belief (and some auxiliary notions such as truth, justification and so on). Such definitions give rise to translations, functions which map the terms to be explained to their intended (simpler) explanation, and it is these which are our objects of study. In particular we will be focused on providing a systematic study of the formal uses of translations between logics, and what they can tell us about the logics involved. Our focus will be on propositional modal logics, both for reasons of explanatory simplicity, and also as modal logic remains one of the best formal tools we have for explicating a wide variety of live philosophical problems.
Analysis of the Flow past Airfoils with Gurney Flaps at Low Reynolds Numbers

This paper presents the unsteady flow analysis of the low-Reynolds-number flows past stationary airfoils equipped with Gurney flaps, which are simple but very efficient liftincreasing devices. Due to its mechanical simplicity, the utilization of Gurney flaps is of particular interest for the small size micro-air-vehicles (MAV) flying at low speed and very low Reynolds number. The aerodynamic analysis is performed in the paper with an efficient time-accurate numerical method developed by the authors for the solution of the NavierStokes equations at low Reynolds numbers, which is second-order-accurate in time and space. The paper presents solutions for the aerodynamic coefficients of lift and drag and for the lift-to-drag ratio of several symmetric and cambered airfoils. It was found that although the airfoil is considered stationary, starting from a relatively small incidence (about 8 degrees) the flow becomes unsteady due to the unsteadiness of the flow separations occurring at low Reynolds numbers, and the aerodynamic coefficients display periodic oscillations in time. A detailed study is presented in the paper on the influence of various geometric and flow parameters, such as the Gurney flap height, Reynolds number, airfoil relative thickness and relative camber, on the aerodynamic coefficients of lift, drag and lift-to-drag ratio. The flow separation is also studied with the aid of flow visualizations illustrating the changes in the flow pattern at various moments in time.