Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To Thine Own Self, be True: Examining Change in Self-Reported Alcohol Measures over Time as Related to Socially Desirable Responding Bias among People with Unhealthy Alcohol Use

Background Due to a conscious or unconscious desire to be perceived favorably by others, some participants may under or overexaggerate when reporting sensitive behaviors or attitudes, including those related to addictions. This socially desirable responding bias should be considered when using self-reports in predictive models since it introduces error. Methods A total of 1711 participants were recruited using Amazon's Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform for two randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of brief online interventions for hazardous alcohol use. At baseline, participants completed the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR). Four measures of alcohol use were collected at baseline and follow-up: number of drinks consumed in a typical week, on one occasion, consequences experienced, and amount of perceived risk of injury or illness from alcohol use. Results As expected, individuals scoring high on the BIDR subscales reported less alcohol use and related behaviors (p < 0.05); however, repeating the analyses for each gender showed no difference for females asked direct questions about the frequency of their alcohol use. Mixed-effects models investigating the interaction of socially desirable responding bias over time on alcohol-related measures showed some significant differences in the amount of change reported depending on BIDR scores. Participants with higher self-deceptive enhancement scores reported less change over time in their ratings of risk of illness or injury (p = 0.001) compared to lower-scoring participants. Likewise, high-scoring participants reported less change in the number of consequences experienced due to alcohol use over time on both BIDR subscales. Neither direct measure of alcohol use seemed affected by BIDR scores over time. A different pattern was found in males and females analyzed separately. Conclusions These findings suggest that researchers should consider including measures of socially desirable responding bias in longitudinal studies involving self-reported alcohol use, particularly when modeling alcohol-related measures using rating scales across time. In addition, separate gender analyses may be appropriate. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03008928. Registered 30 December 2016; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03060135. Registered 17 February 2017
High tidal volume ventilation is associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia in acute cervical spinal cord injury

Context/Objective Pneumonia is the leading cause of death after acute spinal cord injury (SCI). High tidal volume ventilation (HVtV) is used in SCI rehabilitation centers to overcome hypoventilation while weaning patients from the ventilator. Our objective was to determine if HVtV in the acute post-injury period in SCI patients is associated with lower incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) when compared to patients receiving standard tidal volume ventilation. Design Cohort study. Setting Red Duke Trauma Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA. Participants Adult Acute Cervical SCI Patients, 2011–2018. Interventions HVtV. Outcome measures VAP, ventilator dependence at discharge, in-hospital mortality. Results Of 181 patients, 85 (47%) developed VAP. HVtV was utilized in 22 (12%) patients. Demographics, apart from age, were similar between patients who received HVtV and standard ventilation; patients were younger in the HVtV group. VAP developed in 68% of patients receiving HVtV and in 44% receiving standard tidal volumes (P = 0.06). After adjustment, HVtV was associated with a 1.96 relative risk of VAP development (95% credible interval 1.55–2.17) on Bayesian analysis. These results correlate with a >99% posterior probability that HVtV is associated with increased VAP when compared to standard tidal volumes. HVtV was also associated with increased rates of ventilator dependence. Conclusions While limited by sample size and selection bias, our data revealed an association between HVtV and increased VAP. Further investigation into optimal early ventilation settings is needed for SCI patients, who are at a high risk of VAP.
A Scoping Review on How to Make Hospitals Health Literate Healthcare Organizations

The concept of health literacy is increasingly being recognised as not just an individual trait, but also as a characteristic related to families, communities, and organisations providing health and social services. The aim of this study is to identify and describe, through a scoping review approach, the characteristics and the interventions that make a hospital a health literate health care organisation (HLHO), in order to develop an integrated conceptual model. We followed Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage scoping review framework, refined with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, to identify the research questions, identify relevant studies, select studies, chart the data, and collate and summarize the data. Of the 1532 titles and abstracts screened, 106 were included. Few studies have explored the effect of environmental support on health professionals, and few outcomes related to staff satisfaction/perception of helpfulness have been reported. The most common types of interventions and outcomes were related to the patients. The logical framework developed can be an effective tool to define and understand priorities and related consequences, thereby helping researchers and policymakers to have a wider vision and a more homogeneous approach to health literacy and its use and promotion in healthcare organizations.
Patterns of Care and Survival of Cutaneous Angiosarcoma of the Head and Neck

Objective To analyze the patterns of care and survival of cutaneous angiosarcomas of the head and neck. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting National Cancer Database. Methods The National Cancer Database was queried to select patients with cutaneous angiosarcoma of the head and neck between 2004 and 2015. For survival analysis, patients were included only if they received definitive treatment and complete data. Prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariable Cox regression. Results We identified 693 patients diagnosed with head and neck angiosarcomas during the study period. The majority were male (n = 489, 70.6%) and elderly (median, 77 years). A total of 421 patients (60.8%) met the criteria for survival analyses. These patients were treated with surgery and radiation (n = 178, 42.3%), surgery alone (n = 138, 32.8%), triple-modality therapy (n = 48, 11.4%), surgery and chemotherapy (n = 29, 6.9%), and chemoradiation (n = 28, 6.7%). With a median follow-up of 29 months, the 3-year survival was 50.1%. Patients undergoing surgery had better median survival than those who did not (38.1 vs 21.0 months, P = .04). Age, comorbidity, tumor size, and surgical margins were significant factors in univariate analyses. On multivariable analysis, age ≥75 years (hazard ratio, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.80-3.88; P < .001) and positive margins (hazard ratio, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.44-2.51; P < .001) predicted worse overall survival. Conclusion Angiosarcoma of head and neck is a rare malignancy that affects the elderly. Surgical treatment with negative margins is associated with improved survival. Even with curative-intent multimodality treatment, the survival of patients aged ≥75 years is limited.
Neurourology and Urodynamics

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Epsom, UK 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, “Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj‐Napoca, Romania School of Medicine, American University of the Caribbean, Pembroke Pines, Florida Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy Urogynaecology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N. S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, London, UK
Immunotherapy by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Nuclear Medicine Imaging: Current and Future Applications

Immunotherapy by using immune checkpoint inhibitors is a revolutionary development in oncology. Medical imaging is also impacted by this new therapy, particularly nuclear medicine imaging (also called radionuclide imaging), which uses radioactive tracers to visualize metabolic functions. Our aim was to review the current applications of nuclear medicine imaging in immunotherapy, along with their limitations, and the perspectives offered by this imaging modality. Method: Articles describing the use of radionuclide imaging in immunotherapy were researched using PubMed by April 2019 and analyzed. Results: More than 5000 articles were analyzed, and nearly 100 of them were retained. Radionuclide imaging, notably 18F-FDG PET/CT, already has a major role in many cancers for pre-therapeutic and therapeutic evaluation, diagnoses of adverse effects, called immune-related adverse events (IrAE), and end-of-treatment evaluations. However, these current applications can be hindered by immunotherapy, notably due to atypical response patterns such as pseudoprogression, which is defined as an increase in the size of lesions, or the visualization of new lesions, followed by a response, and hyperprogression, which is an accelerated tumor growth rate after starting treatment. To overcome these difficulties, new opportunities are offered, particularly therapeutic evaluation criteria adapted to immunotherapy and immuno-PET allowing us to predict responses to immunotherapy. Moreover, some new technological solutions are also promising, such as radiomic analyses and body composition on associated anatomical images. However, more research has to be done, notably for the diagnosis of hyperprogression and pseudoprogression. Conclusion: Immunotherapy, by its major impact on cancer and by the new patterns generated on images, is revolutionary in the field of medical images. Nuclear medicine imaging is already established and will be able to help meet new challenges through its plasticity.
Epstein–Barr Virus and Helicobacter Pylori Co-Infection in Non-Malignant Gastroduodenal Disorders

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are two pathogens associated with the development of various human cancers. The coexistence of both microorganisms in gastric cancer specimens has been increasingly reported, suggesting that crosstalk of both pathogens may be implicated in the carcinogenesis process. Considering that chronic inflammation is an initial step in the development of several cancers, including gastric cancer, we conducted a systematic review to comprehensively evaluate publications in which EBV and H. pylori co-infection has been documented in patients with non-malignant gastroduodenal disorders (NMGDs), including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and dyspepsia. We searched the PubMed database up to August 2019, as well as publication references and, among the nine studies that met the inclusion criteria, we identified six studies assessing EBV infection directly in gastric tissues (total 949 patients) and three studies in which EBV infection status was determined by serological methods (total 662 patients). Due to the substantial methodological and clinical heterogeneity among studies identified, we could not conduct a meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of EBV + H. pylori co-infection in NMGDs was 34% (range 1.8% to 60%). A higher co-infection rate (EBV + H. pylori) was reported in studies in which EBV was documented by serological methods in comparison with studies in which EBV infection was directly assessed in gastric specimens. The majority of these studies were conducted in Latin-America and India, with most of them comparing NMGDs with gastric cancer, but there were no studies comparing the co-infection rate in NMGDs with that in asymptomatic individuals. In comparison with gastritis caused by only one of these pathogens, EBV + H. pylori co-infection was associated with increased severity of gastric inflammation. In conclusion, only relatively small studies testing EBV and H. pylori co-infection in NMGDs have been published to date and the variable report results are likely influenced by geographic factors and detection methods.
Interpretation time for screening mammography as a function of the number of computer-aided detection marks

Abstract. Purpose: Computer-aided detection (CAD) alerts radiologists to findings potentially associated with breast cancer but is notorious for creating false-positive marks. Although a previous paper found that radiologists took more time to interpret mammograms with more CAD marks, our impression was that this was not true in actual interpretation. We hypothesized that radiologists would selectively disregard these marks when present in larger numbers. Approach: We performed a retrospective review of bilateral digital screening mammograms. We use a mixed linear regression model to assess the relationship between number of CAD marks and ln (interpretation time) after adjustment for covariates. Both readers and mammograms were treated as random sampling units. Results: Ten radiologists, with median experience after residency of 12.5 years (range 6 to 24) interpreted 1832 mammograms. After accounting for number of images, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category, and breast density, the number of CAD marks was positively associated with longer interpretation time, with each additional CAD mark proportionally increasing median interpretation time by 4.35% for a typical reader. Conclusions: We found no support for our hypothesis that radiologists will selectively disregard CAD marks when they are present in larger numbers.
Labeling Summary/Package Insert NIOX VERO® – US English

Measurement of FeNO by NIOX VERO is a quantitative, non-invasive, simple and safe method to measure the decrease in FeNO concentration in asthma patients that often occurs after treatment with anti-inflammatory pharmacological therapy, as an indication of the therapeutic effect in patients with elevated FeNO levels. NIOX VERO is suitable for children, 7-17 years, and adults 18 years and older.
A Characterization of Consensus Solvability for Closed Message Adversaries

Distributed computations in a synchronous system prone to message loss can be modeled as a game between a (deterministic) distributed algorithm versus an omniscient message adversary. The latter determines, for each round, the directed communication graph that speciﬁes which messages can reach their destination. Message adversary deﬁnitions range from oblivious ones, which pick the communication graphs arbitrarily from a given set of candidate graphs, to general message adversaries, which are speciﬁed by the set of sequences of communication graphs (called admissible communication patterns) that they may generate. This paper provides a complete characterization of consensus solvability for closed message adversaries, where every inadmissible communication pattern has a ﬁnite preﬁx that makes all (inﬁnite) extensions of this preﬁx inadmissible. Whereas every oblivious message adversary is closed, there are also closed message adversaries that are not oblivious. We provide a tight non-topological, purely combinatorial characterization theorem, which reduces consensus solvability to a simple condition on preﬁxes of the communication patterns. Our result not only non-trivially generalizes the known combinatorial characterization of the consensus solvability for oblivious message adversaries by Coulouma, Godard, and Peters (Theor. Comput. Sci., 2015), but also provides the ﬁrst combinatorial characterization for this important class of message adversaries that is formulated directly on the preﬁxes of the communication patterns.
Late Postoperative Opacification of the Foldable Hydrophilic Acrylic Intraocular Lens, ACRL-160

Purpose : To report pathological, histochemical, ultrastructural, and spectrographic analysis of explanted hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses obtained from patients who had visual disturbances caused by postoperative opacification of the IOL. Methods : Forty-three hydrophilic IOLs (ACRL-160, Ophthalmed Inc.) were explanted from 39 patients with decreased visual acuity because of opacification of the IOL itself. All explanted IOLs were examined grossly and by light microscopy. Full-thickness sagittal sections of the optics of the randomly selected 10 IOLs were stained with the von kossa method (special stains for calcium). One of these sectioned IOLs was not stained, and submitted for scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results : Microscopic analysis revealed multiple fine, granular deposits within the lens optics and haptics, and these deposits were stained positively with the von Kossa method. They were varible in size, and unevenly distributed in the optics on the scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the internal substance of IOL demonstrated the presence of calcium within the deposits. Conclusions : We evaluated 43 explanted opacified ACRL-160 lenses, and have demonstrated that the opacification was caused by the presence of granular deposits within the IOL. The deposits have the component of calcium.
The Impact of Control Preferences Fit Between Employees and Their Supervisors on Employee Job Satisfaction1

Control preferences differentiate people with regard to their inclination towards a certain division of control in an interdependent situation. Social situations that block one’s capability to exert a preferred type of control can be evaluated as unpleasant and provoke their abandonment. We hypothesized that incompatibility of control preferences between leaders and followers would result in diminished job satisfaction among the followers. Such incompatibility could stem from either discrepancy between leader-follower control preferences (e.g. a discrepant preference for collaboration) or too great a similarity (e.g. a similarly strong preference for domination). In our study, 203 participants rated their own control preferences and the perceived control preferences of their immediate supervisors. The results of polynomial regression with response surface analysis showed that job satisfaction was higher when a follower was aligned with a leader at a high level of collaboration preference rather than at a low level of collaboration preference. Contrary to our expectations, a similarity rather than a dissimilarity in dominance between employees and their leaders predicted higher job satisfaction among employees. Job satisfaction was higher when leaders were perceived as having greater respect for autonomy, regardless of the follower’s reactive autonomy. Finally, job satisfaction increased as both the follower’s proactive autonomy and the leader’s respect for autonomy increased.
University of Birmingham The “Problem” With Single Women: Choice, Accountability and Social Change

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“Preparing” the Equity Market for Corporate Events: Theory and Evidence from Firms Cutting Dividends

This paper presents the first theoretical as well as the first empirical analysis of the choice of firms between preparing or not preparing the equity market in advance of a possible dividend cut. We use a hand-collected data set of dividend cutting firms that allows us to distinguish between prepared and non-prepared dividend cutting firms. In our model, a firm has assets in place (which will generate an intermediate cash flow), and a growth opportunity. Firm insiders have private information not only about the probability of their firm realizing a high intermediate cash flow, but also about the net present value of its growth opportunity. We characterize the firm insiders’ equilibrium choice between preparing and not preparing the market, as well as their decision regarding whether or not to cut the firm’s dividend (subsequent to the realization of the firm’s intermediate cash flow). In equilibrium, firms in temporary financial difficulties but good long-term growth prospects prepare the market in advance of dividend cuts, while those with permanently declining earnings are less likely to prepare the market. Our analysis generates several testable predictions. First, the abnormal stock returns upon the announcement of a dividend cut will be less negative for prepared compared to non-prepared dividend cutting firms. Second, the abnormal stock returns of firms preparing the market for a dividend cut will be negative on the market preparation day. Third, the long-run operating, dividend payment, and stock return performance of prepared dividend cutting firms will be better than that of nonprepared dividend cutting firms. Fourth, the post-dividend-cut equity holdings of institutional investors in prepared dividend cutting firms will be larger than those in non-prepared dividend cutting firms. The results of our empirical analysis support the above predictions of our theory. “Preparing” the Equity Market for Corporate Events: Theory and Evidence from Firms Cutting Dividends
Reassessing the Impact of Risk Management Capabilities on Firm Value: A Stakeholders Perspective

This study aims to analyze the impact of firm’s risk management capabilities on firm performance and cost. Using panel data technique, a sample of 301 non-financial firms was analyzed for the time period on five years starting from 2011 to 2015. We assert that effective risk capabilities have positive impact on all stakeholders. The effective risk management capabilities guarantee more resilience to exogenous and endogenous risks. Our findings will have a significant impact on existing literature, by extending the existing knowledge of firm’s risk management capabilities into the domain of diverse stakeholders and resources adjustment.