Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symbiosis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Japanese Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Seedlings Raised in a Greenhouse.

The means of enhancing the growth of seedlings of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) through inoculations of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi [ Gigaspora margarita (GM) , Glomus aggregatum (ga), Glomus fasciculatum (gf), Glomus mosseae (gm) and Glomus sp. R-10 (gr) ] were investigated. Fifteen weeks after inoculation, plant height showed significantly higher values in AM fungus -inoculated plants (except gm) than in noninoculated ones; the effect was more pronounced in GM-, gaand gr-inoculated plants than in gf-inoculated ones. The number of leaves and leaf area were superior in AM fungus-inoculated plants compared with noninoculated ones. The shoots of GM-, gaand gr-inoculated plants had greater dry weight than did those in noninoculated ones, while for the dry weight of roots, GM-, gfand gm-inoculated plants gave significantly greater values than did noninoculated ones. Although AM fungus infection occurred in all the seedlings inoculated, GM, gf and ga showed higher infection levels than gr and gm. The increase in P concentrations was confirmed in both tap and lateral roots of almost all infected plants. Consequently, it was clarified that both AM fungus infection level and plant growth enhancement through symbiosis differed with AM fungus species in Japanese persimmon seedlings.
A Comparison on Selection Approaches for Japanese Brown Cattle Based on Profitability

後代の利益性に関する種牛の遺伝的能力を予測する方法として,2つのアプローチを比較検討した. その第1のアプローチは,利益に関連する個々の形質の育種価を予測し,それらに各形質の経済的重み付け値を乗じて,指数選抜の総合育種価(利益)を線形関数として求め,その総合育種価に基づき種牛を選抜する間接的な方法である(間接的なアプローチ). 第2のアプローチは,利益を1つの形質と見なし,直接的に利益の育種価を予測し,それをもとに種牛を選抜する直接的な方法である(直接的なアプローチ). 本研究では,1989年から1993年までに出荷された褐毛和種去勢肥育牛の記録と血統情報を用いた. 総合的な選抜の対象(総合育種価)として利益と枝肉単価を取り上げた. 間接的なアプローチにおいては,形質として,肥育中の1日当たり増体量(DG),脂肪交雑(BMS)およびばらの厚さ(RT)を考慮した. 間接的なアプローチにおいて,利益と枝肉単価のいずれを総合育種価と見なした場合も,総合育種価に対する経済的重みづけ値の年次間差の影響は小さかった. 総合育種価間(利益vs.枝肉単価)の相関は年次に伴って増加した. 他方,直接的なアプローチにおいて,利益と枝肉単価に関する遺伝率はそれぞれ0. 41および0. 49であった. 種雄牛に関して,間接的なアプローチから得られた総合育種価と直接的なアプローチから得られた育種価の相関は,利益に関しては0. 919,枝肉単価に関しては0. 945であった. また雌牛に関する同様の相関は,利益に関しては0. 834,枝肉単価に関しては0. 880であった,直接的なアプローチは簡単な単形質分析で行うことができ,かつ既知であるべき遺伝的なパラメータが遺伝率のみでよいため,種牛(特に種雄牛)の選抜には有効であると示唆された.
COVID‐19 is Associated with an Unusual Pattern of Brain Microbleeds in Critically Ill Patients

Covid‐19, initially described as a respiratory system's infection, is currently more and more recognized as a multiorganic disease, including neurological manifestations. There is growing evidence about a potential neuroinvasive role of SARS‐CoV‐2. The purpose of this study is to describe new findings, in the form of cerebral microbleeds affecting different brain structures, observed in MRIs of critically ill patients.
Temperature regulation in the nesting mounds of the mallee-fowl, Leipoa ocellata Gould

The temperature conditions in the mounds of the mallee-fowl, Leipoa ocellata Gould, have been investigated by means of recording instruments. It is shown that the incubation of the eggs is largely achieved by heat generated by the fermentation of organic matter. By manipulation of the covering soil the birds keep the temperature within the range at which egg development takes place. The principal activity is designed to keep the mound temperature down. Towards the end of the season the heat from the Sun becomes important, and at the end of the season active steps are necessary to increase the amount of heat reaching the eggs from this source.
Capture-induced physiological stress and postrelease mortality for Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) from a recreational fishery

Southern bluefin tuna (SBT; Thunnus maccoyii) are a popular component of the recreational large pelagic game fishery in Australia. The fishery is managed using individual fisher catch limits. Fifty-nine pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags were attached to individual SBT to estimate postrelease survival (PRS) rates. Fish caught on lures configured with J-hooks (n = 44) and those caught on circle hooks (n = 8) had similar PRS rates and were combined to increase sample size, revealing a PRS estimate of 83.0% (95% CI: 75.9%–90.7%, n = 54). The PRS estimate of fish caught on lures with treble hooks was much lower, 60% (95% CI: 20%–100%, n = 5). By sampling blood from 233 fish, including 56 of the PAT-tagged individuals, we show that angling duration is related to an elevation of lactate, cortisol, and osmolarity in blood plasma, indicative of increased physiological stress. Physical damage related to hooking location, angling duration, biochemical indicators of physiological stress, and handling duration w.
Continuous determination of fruit tree water-status by plant-based sensors

Recently, climate change has caused shortages of water worldwide, especially in semi-arid and arid regions. Several irrigation strategies have been studied with the aim of saving water overuse in agriculture. In the past most of the attention was directed towards soil water content, but recently the focus has moved to plant responses to water deficit. In recent years, crop evapotranspiration (ETc) obtained from reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and crop coefficients (Kc), has become common for irrigation scheduling in several crops, but it does not provide precise insights on the tree water status. Today an increasing focus is being given to plant-based sensors for the continuous monitoring of plant water status to provide support to irrigation management strategies with a precision approach. In this work several plant-based (leaf, stem and fruit) devices used for plant water status sensing and for irrigation scheduling are reviewed. Scientists have managed to create and test a variety of small leaf-adapted sensors with the aim of collecting valuable information on water dynamics. Nondestructive continuous water status detection in leaves is difficult due to the intrinsic fragility of these organs. Yet, the data collected can provide insights on the actual status of one leaf, within a multitude of other leaves which might have a slightly different behavior because of factors such as age, sun exposure, canopy position and others. Leaf thickness sensors, leaf pressure and leaf thermal probes are discussed in this review. Stems and shoots establish the connection between climatic conditions and water availability in the soil. Continuous measurements of stem water status by non-destructive sensors provide information not only on the variations of soil water availability but also on the reserves of plant tissues. The use of stem dendrometers, sap flow probes, stem hygrometers and stem microtensiometers for continuous determination of plant water status and irrigation management is discussed. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that fruit water relations have key implication on horticultural production and quality. Measurements of fruit water status and fruit growth dynamics under different irrigation strategies might be crucial in order to reduce water use, maintain yield and/or improve fruit quality. Advantages and disadvantages of different sensors ranging from linear variable displacement transducers (LVDTs), strain-gauges, potentiometers and/or optoelectric sensors, are discussed. However, a unique methodology for continuous plant water status determination in fruit trees has yet to be found. An integrated approach, which considers contemporary use of sensors on different plant organs is proposed as effective strategy to collect exhaustive information on tree water status.
Oviposition preferences in pine sawflies : a trade-off between larval growth and defence against natural enemies

The oviposition preferences and performance of a monophagous pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) were studied in the field on 61 naturally regenerated Scots pine trees. The preference of sawfly females, measured as the proportion of available shoots on a tree with egg batches, was found to be positively correlated with tree height and needle length in a multiple regression analysis. Females also seemed to prefer trees with high resin acid (diterpenoid) concentrations. Low variation among trees with respect to resin acid concentration, together with positive covariance between these concentrations and needle length, made it difficult to evaluate the role of resin acids. Even though pupae weighed less and larvae suffered higher mortality when protected from natural enemies on trees preferred by females, there were benefits associated with oviposition on such trees; i.e. uncaged larvae were less vulnerable to parasitoids on high resin acid trees. This indicates that females preferred trees on which their offspring gained enemy-free space over trees on which performance was high, which also was suggested by the weak interaction found between the effect of caging (enemy exposure) and oviposition preference on survival in early instars.
Counteracting Adversarial Attacks in Autonomous Driving

In this paper, we focus on studying robust deep stereo vision of autonomous driving systems and counteracting adversarial attacks against it. Autonomous system operation requires real-time processing of measurement data which often contain significant uncertainties and noise. Adversarial attacks have been widely studied to simulate these perturbations in recent years. To counteract these attacks in autonomous systems, a novel defense method is proposed in this paper. A stereo-regularizer is proposed to guide the model to learn the implicit relationship between the left and right images of the stereo-vision system. Univariate and multivariate functions are adopted to characterize the relationships between the two input images and the object detection model. The regularizer is then relaxed to its upper bound to improve adversarial robustness. Furthermore, the upper bound is approximated by the remainder of its Taylor expansion to improve the local smoothness of the loss surface. The model parameters are trained via adversarial training with the novel regularization term. Our method exploits basic knowledge from the physical world, i.e., the mutual constraints of the two images in the stereo-based system. As such, outliers can be detected and defended with high accuracy and efficiency. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method offers superior performance when compared with traditional adversarial training methods in state-of-the-art stereo-based 3D object detection models for autonomous vehicles.
Bait uptake by feral cats on French Island, Victoria.

Management of feral cat (Felis catus) populations is currently limited by the lack of a control technique that is cost-effective, target-specific and suitable for broad-scale application. This paper describes two non-toxic bait acceptance trials undertaken on French Island in Western Port, Victoria in south? eastern Australia. Moist meat baits were injected with the marker Rhodamine B (RB), and surface distributed along the existing road and firebreak network. Subsequent trapping of feral cats facilitated collection of whiskers, which were analysed using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy for the presence of RB marking. Twenty-four and forty-seven cats respectively were recovered in each trial with fifty per cent of these individuals found to have consumed at least one bait in either trial. Results are discussed with reference to the development of a felid-specific toxicant baiting technique.
Sacubitrilat reduces pro‐arrhythmogenic sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak in human ventricular cardiomyocytes of patients with end‐stage heart failure

Inhibition of neprilysin and angiotensin II receptor by sacubitril/valsartan (Val) (LCZ696) reduces mortality in heart failure (HF) patients compared with sole inhibition of renin–angiotensin system. Beneficial effects of increased natriuretic peptide levels upon neprilysin inhibition have been proposed, whereas direct effects of sacubitrilat (Sac) (LBQ657) on myocardial Ca2+ cycling remain elusive.
An Investigation of conceptuses with placental chromosomal mosaicism for the presence of germline mosaicism

Confined placental mosaicism (CPM) i s detected i n approximately 1-2% of viable pregnancies and has been defined as a dichotomy between the chromosomal con s t i t u t i o n of the placental and embryonic/fetal tissues. An investigation for the presence of trisomy i n the germ c e l l s was i n i t i a t e d i n cases diagnosed with CPM since we suspect that the stroma of the placenta and the primordial germ c e l l s (PGCs) have a common developmental o r i g i n . Placental and f e t a l tissues from one conceptus diagnosed with CPM for trisomy 7 and two conceptuses with CPM for trisomy 16, were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Post-termination conventional cytogenetic analysis of amnion and chorionic stroma from case 1 showed only d i p l o i d c e l l s i n the amnion and mosaicism for trisomy 7 i n the stroma. FISH analysis of formalin fixed p a r a f f i n embedded tissues showed s i g n i f i c a n t levels of trisomy i n the placenta while a l l f e t a l tissues analyzed including t e s t i s were d i p l o i d . For Case 2, high levels of trisomy 16 were detected using FISH i n both chorionic stroma and cytotrophoblast of the placenta while f e t a l somatic tissues where d i p l o i d . FISH analysis of meiotic oocytes showed s i g n i f i c a n t l e v e l s of trisomy 16. In case 3, prenatal metaphase analysis of cytotrophoblast and stroma from chorionic v i l l u s sampling showed only 47,XX,+16. Culture of placental v i l l i a f t e r termination showed only trisomy 16 while cultures of multiple f e t a l tissues showed no evidence
Behavior and Nesting Success Relative to Nest Location in Adelie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae)

This study is an experimental evaluation of the hypothesis that differences in nest positions within and outside Adelie Penguin colonies influence behavior, egg loss rates, and nest characteristics. "Colony" and "rookery" are used in this report as defined for Adelies by Penney (1968:85): "A colony is a geographically continuous group of breeding birds whose territorial boundaries are contiguous," and a rookery is a "geographical area . that contains one or more colonies. "
The Relationship between Habitat Breadth, Habitat Position, and Abundance in Forest and Woodland Birds along a Continental Gradient

Multivariate analyses of habitat ordinations (nonmetric, multidimensional scaling) were used to characterise the habitat breadth ([) and habitat position (y) of 92 species of forest and woodland birds along a 250 km transect in south-eastern Australia. Abundances were estimated on the basis of excluding zero-density sites (viz, absence), leading to the notion of average density at sites at which a species occurs. There was a significant inverse correlation between 5 and y. This result, when used in conjunction with the distributions of P and y, proved incompatible with existing models of habitat occupancy patterns. The correlation between ,3 and average density, and between y and average density, each was approximately zero, results that differed from the findings of other studies at the range-level geographic scale. These differences are interpreted in light of the insensitivity of range-based studies, which do not explicitly account for habitat structure, to the geographic distributions of preferred habitat types of individual species of animals.
Competitive Effects of IPOS: Evidence from Chinese Listing Suspensions

Theory suggests that initial public offerings (IPOs) can adversely impact listed firms, both directly by increasing intra-industry competition, and in-directly by completing related asset market spaces. However, the endogeneity of individual IPO activity hinders testing these channels. This paper examines listing suspensions in China in a panel specification that accounts for macroeconomic and financial conditions, isolating the firm-level IPO impact. We measure the competi-tive impact of listing suspensions through the value share of postponed firms in the IPO queue in their industry, and asset-space competition by firms’ historical covariance with a synthetic portfolio of listed firms with the IPO queue industry mix at the time of suspension. Our results support the predicted IPO effects through both channels. We also document heterogeneity in IPO effects. Stronger firms–measured through a variety of proxies–benefit less from the suspension news. These results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests
Pollen morphology of selected species of Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) from the Atlantic Forest

Pollen grains from twelve species of the Passifloraceae family from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest were analyzed: Passiflora subg. Astrophea (1sp.), P.subg. Decaloba (1sp.) and P.subg. Passiflora (10spp.). The current study aims to acquire additional information and feature the pollen morphology of the herein studied species to help setting a more precise taxa delimitation. Acetolyzed pollen grains were measured, described and illustrated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains were medium or large sized, oblate spheroidal, suboblate, prolate spheroidal and subprolate; 4-colpate (P. kermesina), 6-12-pantocolporate (P. mediterranea), 6-colpate (P. mucronata), 6-colporate (P. pentagona), 12-colporate (P. misera) or 6-syncolpate (in most species). The presence of reticulate sexine, pseudopercula, pontopercula and/or opercula was observed. The endoaperture was just found in P. pentagonaand P. misera. It was concluded that pollen morphology is an important source of taxonomic features useful for distinguishing species and characterizing the three subgenera. The current study provides additional information that, along with other previously published studies, will enable a better understanding of phylogenetic relations among these strains.
INFLUENCE OF BODY CONDITION ON REPRODUCTIVE DECISION AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN THE BLUE PETREL

Following the prediction that body condition affects whether eggs are laid in birds, we examined variations in prebreeding body condition (i.e. body mass one month before laying, adjusted for structural size, breeding experience, and date of return), incidence of breeding, and reproductive success of male and female Blue Petrels (Halobaena caerulea). Condition was inversely correlated with date of return and positively related to breeding experience in males, but not in females. In both sexes, condition displayed year-to-year variations; the 1991-1992 season was distinguished by poor condition, low incidence of breeding, and low reproductive success. Condition in both males and females, and breeding experience in males had significant effects on the "decision to breed. " Breeding experience also influenced the decision to breed, especially in males. Condition, but not breeding ex- perience, had a significant influence on male incubation success. Female breeding perfor- mances were not related to condition but to breeding experience. Annual average breeding success was highly variable and significantly correlated with male condition. Prebreeding visits appeared to be critical for this pelagic seabird and may allow individuals, through their condition, to manage their reproductive investment. We suggest that condition mainly affects egg formation in females and, together with breeding experience, influences the duration and the quality of prebreeding colony attendance in males. The potential relationships of body condition, breeding experience, reproductive investment, and future survival are dis- cussed. Received 11 November 1993, accepted 25 February 1994.
Seasonal variation in abundance and species composition of the Parmales community in the Oyashio region, western North Pacific

Seasonal variation in abundance and species composition of the Parmales community (siliceous pico-eukaryotic marine phytoplankton) was investigated off the south coast of Hokkaido, Japan, in the western North Pacific. Growth rates under various temperatures (0 to 20°C) were also measured using 3 Parmales culture strains, Triparma laevis f. inornata, Triparma laevis f. longispina and Triparma strigata. Distribution of Parmales abundance was coupled with the occurrence of Oyashio water, which originates from the cold Oyashio Current. In March and May, the water temperature was usually low (<10°C) and the water column was vertically mixed. Parmales was often abundant (>1 × 102 cells ml−1) and evenly distributed from 0 down to 100 m. In contrast, when water stratification was well developed in July and October, Parmales was almost absent above the pycnocline at >15°C, but had an abundance of >1 × 102 cells ml−1 in the sub surface layer of 30 to 50 m at <10°C. The seasonal variations in the vertical distributions of the 3 dominant species (Triparma laevis, Triparma strigata and Tetraparma pelagica) were similar to each other. Growth experiments revealed that Triparma laevis f. inornata and Triparma strigata, and Triparma laevis f. longispina were able to grow at 0 to 10°C and 5 to 10°C, respectively, but not at over 15°C, indicating that their vertical distribution was mainly determined by temperature. The Parmales community grew in the surface layer before becoming evenly distributed with depth in winter and spring. During summer and into autumn, the population survived under the pycnocline.