Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on Detarium microcarpum Guill and Sperr ( Caesalpinioceae ) seeds coat

Ninety percent aqueous methanol extract of the seeds coat (32.324%, w/w) of Detarium microcarpum was screened against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella paratyphi and Candida albicans . A broad spectrum antimicrobial activity at the test concentration of 10 mg/ml comparable with the control drugs chloramphenicol and penicillin G for bacteria and nystatin for the mould C. albicans was observed. On bio-guided fractionation, the ethyl acetate soluble fraction (ES) retains the observed spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Preparative thin layer chromatographic separation of the active ESF on silica gel 60G using butan-2-one : chloroform : acetic acid : water (40:40:2:1 v/v/v/v) gave eight constituent bands: B1 (R f = 0.000), B2 (Rf = 0.079), B3 (R f = 0.250), B4 (R f = 0.286), B5 (Rf = 0.500), B6 (R f = 0.686), B7 (R f = 0.814), and B8 (Rf = 1.000). B1 retained the observed antimicrobial activity spectrum, B2 and B3 showed residual inhibition against B. subtilis and B4 - B8 were inactive. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence steroidal saponins and flavonoids in B1, and flavonoids in B2 and B3. The UVvisible spectrum of B2 and B3 revealed the characteristic benzopyrone maxima (236 – 300 nm). Against the selected bacteria, MIC range of B1 of 1.0488 -2.8887 mg/ml was observed comparable to those of standard control (1.2357 - 3.3420 mg/ml) and chloramphenicol (2.0840 -3.9630 mg/ml) which is suggestive of resistant strains. This study revealed the antimicrobial principles in the seed coat of D. microcarpum to be steroidal saponins and flavonoids with the possibility of synergistic action.
Hydronephrotic Urine in the Obstructed Kidney Promotes Urothelial Carcinoma Cell Proliferation, Migration, Invasion through the Activation of mTORC2-AKT and ERK Signaling Pathways

Obstructive nephropathy is the most common presentation of urothelial carcinoma. The role of the urine in the obstructed kidney namely “hydronephrotic urine” in urothelial carcinoma has not been extensively explored. This study aims to evaluate whether hydronephrotic urine in the obstructed kidney could promote urothelial carcinoma. The hydronephrotic urine was collected from the obstructed kidneys of Sprague-Dawley rats induced by different periods of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). By the inhibition of LY294002 and PD184352, we confirm that hydronephrotic urine promotes urothelial carcinoma cell (T24) and immortalized normal urothelial cells (E6) proliferation, migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner through the activation of the mTORC2-AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Hydronephrotic urine also increases the expression of cyclin-D2, cyclin-B and CDK2. It also decreases the expression of p27 and p21 in both urothelial carcinoma cells and normal urothelial cells. By the protein array study, we demonstrate that many growth factors which promote tumor cell survival and metastasis are over-expressed in a time-dependent manner in the hydronephrotic urine, including beta-FGF, IFN-γ, PDGF-BB, PIGF, TGF-β, VEGF-A, VEGF-D and EGF. These results suggest that hydronephrotic urine promotes normal and malignant urothelial cells proliferation, migration and invasion, through the activation of the mTORC2-AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Further investigation using live animal models of tumor growth may be needed to clarify aspects of these statements.
Commentary: McIntosh K, Chao RK, Krause HE, Wasil R, Mocega HE, Mufson MA. Coronavirus Infection in Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Disease of Infants. J Infect Dis 1974;130:502–7.

The 1974 article by my colleagues and me describing studies of coronavirus infection in hospitalized infants with acute lower respiratory–tract disease (LRTD) [1] takes on a particular interest in light of the 2002–2003 epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus infections, with the wider perspective provided by that event on emerging epidemics, acute respiratory infections in general, human coronaviruses, and viruses that appear to have jumped barriers between species. The study published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases described a collaboration between our group in Denver (pediatric virologists familiar with the diagnosis and study of coronaviruses) and Maurice Mufson and his colleagues who, at the time, were working in the pediatric wards of Cook County Hospital in Chicago. The objective of the study was to investigate the role that coronaviruses might play in LRTDs in hospitalized infants in an urban environment. The serosurvey we conducted was a supplement to a previous, more-extensive study at Cook County Hospital of traditional respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae conducted by Dr. Mufson and his colleagues [2]. Both studies used serum and respiratory samples obtained from infants ! 18 months of age hospitalized from 1967 to 1970. At that time, the known human coronaviruses comprised several viruses recovered from the respiratory tracts of patients with colds. The first human corona-
The detection of white matter alterations in obsessive–compulsive disorder revealed by Tracts constrained by Underlying anatomy (TracUla)

Purpose: In recent years, a large number of studies have investigated obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) using diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) and have reported microstructural abnormalities in various regions, mainly the corpus callosum and cingulum. In the present study, we aimed to detect microstructural changes in the white matter using whole-brain tractography. Patients and methods: We obtained MRI data from 25 adult non-medicated OCD patients and 27 healthy controls. DWI data from MRI scans were analyzed by the automated probabilistic tractography method referred to as TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy (TRACULA). We investigated diffusivity parameters: fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity in 18 major white matter tracts and examined indices to know which measurements in which fibers can predict the diagnosis of OCD. Results: Compared to healthy controls, OCD patients had significantly increased RD in the forceps major and a reduction of RD in the right cingulum angular (infracallosal) bundle. There was no correlation between these values and the clinical features. Conclusion: We found RD alterations in the forceps major and the right cingulum angular (infracallosal) bundle, which might be associated with myelination changes in the temporal and occipital regions in OCD. Our results suggest that the pathogenesis of OCD may include abonormality of myelination status in not only the fronto-striato-thalamic circuit but also the posterior and temporal regions. cortex and the ventral striatum are involved in the neuropathology of OCD. A meta-analysis of functional MRI
The clobazam metabolite N-desmethyl clobazam is an α 2 preferring benzodiazepine with an improved therapeutic window for antihyperalgesia RALVENIUS

Data from genetically modified mice suggest that benzodiazepine (BDZ)-site agonists with improved selectivity for α2-subtype GABAA receptors (α2GABAAR) are potentially useful for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Subtype-selective compounds available for preclinical tests in rodents support this concept but have not been approved for human use, hindering proof-of-concept studies in patients. We recently proposed that N-desmethyl clobazam (NDMC), the main metabolite of the licensed BDZ clobazam (CBZ), is responsible for most of the antihyperalgesia observed in mice after CBZ administration. In order to assess a potentially favorable pharmacological profile of NDMC, we analyzed differences in the GABAAR subtype specificity of CBZ, NDMC and diazepam (DZP) in recombinant receptors. DZP and CBZ potentiated sedating α1GABAARs and antihyperalgesic α2GABAARs with similar efficacies, whereas NDMC preferred α2GABAARs over α1GABAARs across a wide concentration range. In vivo, DZP and NDMC reduced neuropathic pain at doses between 3 and 30 mg/kg. At these doses, DZP had strong locomotor sedating effects while NDMC
Responses of olive trees (cv. Chemlali) after five years of experiment to potassium mineral nutrition under rainfed condition

Optimal potassium nutrition is essential to maximize olive tree production. In Tunisia, olive trees are mainly conducted under rainfed conditions and subjected to water and nutrient deficits. An experiment was established in semi arid region to study the response of olive tree to potassium mineral nutrition using potassium sulphate in reference to Control. Potassium was supplied by foliar spray and soil spreading at two levels. Foliar treatments were 50 and 100% of tree requirement. For soil spreading, 100% and 200% of the tree needs were applied. After five of experiment, yield was significantly higher for 100% foliar spray than the control. Leaf mineral analysis revealed a significant increase of K foliar content in response to K supply. Foliar nutrition at 100% of tree needs improved the cumulative yield and olive quality. An increase of average fruit weight, pit ratio was observed for foliar spray treatment. However, oil quality seems to be unaffected with insignificant differences of poly phenols content and fatty acid composition.
cardiovascular risk assessment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: comparison of the World Health Organization/international society of Hypertension risk prediction charts versus UK Prospective Diabetes study risk engine

Introduction: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, and assessment of their cardiac risk is important for preventive strategies. Purpose: The Ministry of Health of Sri Lanka has recommended World Health Organization/ International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) charts for cardiac risk assessment in individuals with T2DM. However, the most suitable cardiac risk assessment tool for Sri Lankans with T2DM has not been studied. This study was designed to evaluate the performance of two cardiac risk assessments tools; WHO/ISH charts and UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine. Methods: Cardiac risk assessments were done in 2,432 patients with T2DM attending a diabetes clinic in Southern Sri Lanka using the two risk assessment tools. Validity of two assessment tools was further assessed by their ability to recognize individuals with raised low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and raised diastolic blood pressure in a cohort of newly diagnosed T2DM patients (n = 332). Results: WHO/ISH charts identified 78.4% of subjects as low cardiac risk whereas the UKPDS risk engine categorized 52.3% as low cardiac risk ( P , 0.001). In the risk categories of 10%– , 20%, the UKPDS risk engine identified higher proportions of patients (28%) compared to WHO/ISH charts (7%). Approximately 6% of subjects were classified as low cardiac risk ( , 10%) by WHO/ISH when UKPDS recognized them as cardiac risk of . 20%. Agreement between the two tools was poor ( κ value = 0.144, P , 0.01). Approximately 82% of individuals categorized as low cardiac risk by WHO/ISH had higher LDL cholesterol than the therapeutic target of 100 mg/dL. Conclusion: There is a significant discrepancy between the two assessment tools with WHO/ISH risk chart recognizing higher proportions of patients having low cardiac risk than the UKPDS risk engine. Risk assessment by both assessment tools demonstrated poor sensitivity in identifying those with treatable levels of LDL cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure.
Impact of boron and calcium on growth and yield of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) under red and lateritic soils of Jharkhand, India

The aim of the present work was to study the impact of boron and calcium on growth and yield of groundnut cv . BG-4 ( Arachis hypogaea L.) under red and lateritic soil (Alfisols) of Jharkhand, India. The experiments were carried out during the Kharif seasons of two years i.e. , 2017 and 2018 at research field of Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand. The experiment consisted of four levels of boron ( i.e. , @ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 kg ha -1 ) and four levels of lime was used as source of calcium ( i.e. , @ 0/0, 1/5, 1/10 and 1/15 LR). Each experiment was conducted in Split Plot Design (SPD) with 3 replications by using boron and lime and their interactions was improved in plant growth and yield as compared to the experiments conducted without lime and boron that is in control with the applicable dose of N, P, K and S (@ 80, 60, 40 and 20 kg ha -1 ). The significantly superior improvement was observed in plant height and number of pegs and pods per plant in where plot was treated with lime @ 1/5 LR followed by @ 1/10 LR and @1/15 LR among the mean values of both years i.e. , 2017 and 2018. In case of grain and straw yield, significantly increased with increasing boron application, in where significantly higher was observed in B 3 (@ 3.0 kg B ha -1 ) followed by B 2 (@ 2.0 kg B ha -1 ) and B 1 (@ 1.0 kg B ha -1 ) among the mean values of both years. The optimum improved in growth and yield of groundnut was recorded from where boron application at the rate of 3.0 kg ha -1 and lime application @ 1/5 LR. Hence we can be recommended that boron and lime play an important role in red and lateritic soil (Alfisols) of Agro climatic sub zone IV th of VII th ACZ (Hill and plateau region) of Jharkhand.
Treatment of osteoporosis with eldecalcitol, a new vitamin D analog: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Objective: Eldecalcitol (ELD) is an active form of vitamin D analog that has been approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in Japan. Over recent years, a number of multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trials have been conducted. Our goal is to comprehensively summarize the results from these studies. Methods: We searched the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to February 28, 2015. Each database was searched using search terms “Eldecalcitol” and “ED-71” in patients with osteoporosis.
Preparation, characterization, and potential application of chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and chitosan metal nanoparticles in pharmaceutical drug delivery

: Naturally occurring polymers, particularly of the polysaccharide type, have been used pharmaceutically for the delivery of a wide variety of therapeutic agents. Chitosan, the second abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide next to cellulose, is a biocompatible and biodegradable mucoadhesive polymer that has been extensively used in the preparation of micro-as well as nanoparticles. The prepared particles have been exploited as a potential carrier for different therapeutic agents such as peptides, proteins, vaccines, DNA, and drugs for parenteral and nonparenteral administration. Therapeutic agent-loaded chitosan micro- or nanoparticles were found to be more stable, permeable, and bioactive. In this review, we are highlighting the different methods of preparation and characterization of chitosan micro- and nanoparticles, while reviewing the pharmaceutical applications of these particles in drug delivery. Moreover, the roles of chitosan derivatives and chitosan metal nanoparticles in drug delivery have been illustrated.
Reverse-Transcriptase Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Has High Accuracy for Detecting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Saliva and Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal Swabs from Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Individuals

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 jmdjournal.org 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 Reverse-Transcriptase Loop-Mediated 75 76 Isothermal Amplification Has High Accuracy for 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 Detecting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Saliva and Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal Swabs from Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Individuals Stephen P. Kidd,*y Daniel Burns,*z Bryony Armson,*yx Andrew D. Beggs,{ Emma L.A. Howson,k Anthony Williams,** Gemma Snell,** Emma L. Wise,*yy Alice Goring,* Zoe Vincent-Mistiaen,zz Seden Grippon,* Jason Sawyer,xx Claire Cassar,xx David Cross,xx Thomas Lewis,xx Scott M. Reid,xx Samantha Rivers,xx Joe James,xx Paul Skinner,xx Ashley Banyard,xx Kerrie Davies,{{ Anetta Ptasinska,{ Celina Whalley,{ Jack Ferguson,{ Claire Bryer,{ Charlie Poxon,{ Andrew Bosworth,{ Michael Kidd,{kk Alex Richter,*** Jane Burton,yyy Hannah Love,yyy Sarah Fouch,* Claire Tillyer,* Amy Sowood,* Helen Patrick,* Nathan Moore,* Michael Andreou,zzz Nick Morant,xxx Rebecca Houghton,* Joe Parker,{{{ Joanne Slater-Jefferies,{{{ Ian Brown,xx Cosima Gretton,y Zandra Deans,y Deborah Porter,y Nicholas J. Cortes,*zz Angela Douglas,y Sue L. Hill,y Keith M. Godfrey,kkk**** and Veronica L. Fowler*y
Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/ protein isolate: postulated mechanism of action for management of enteropathy

: The health and performance of the gastrointestinal tract is influenced by the interaction of a variety of factors, including diet, nutritional status, genetics, environment, stress, the intestinal microbiota, immune status, and gut barrier. Disruptions in one or more of these factors can lead to enteropathy or intestinal disorders that are known to occur in concert with certain disease states or conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Nutritional support in the form of a medical food along with current therapies could help manage the adverse effects of enteropathy, which include effects on nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism, as well as utilization of nutrients from foodstuffs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that oral administration of plasma- or serum-derived protein concentrates containing high levels of immunoglobulins can improve weight management, normalize gut barrier function, and reduce the severity of enteropathy in animals. Recent trials in humans provide preliminary evidence that a serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate is safe and improves symptoms, nutritional status, and various biomarkers associated with enteropathy in patients with HIV infection or diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. This review summarizes data from preclinical and clinical studies with immunoglobulin-containing plasma/ serum protein concentrates, with a focus on the postulated mode of action of serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate for patients with
Identification of Potential Drug-targets by Combining Evolutionary Information Extracted from Frequency Profiles and Molecular Topological Structures.

Identifying interactions among drug compounds and target proteins are the basis of drug research, and plays a crucial in drug discovery. However, determining drug-target interactions (DTIs) and potential protein-compound interactions by biological experiment based method alone is a very complicated, expensive and time-consuming process. Hence, there is an intense motivation to design in silico prediction methods to overcome these obstacles. In this work, we designed a novel in silico strategy to predict proteome-scale DTIs based on the assumption that DTI pairs can be expressed through the evolutionary information derived from frequency profiles and drugs' structural properties. To achieve this, drug molecules are encoded into the substructure fingerprints to represent certain fragments; target proteins are first converted into Position-Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM), and then encoded as 2-dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2DPCA) descriptors. In the prediction phase, the feature weighted Rotation Forest (RF) classifier is used to estimate whether drug and target interact with each other on four benchmark datasets, including Enzymes, Ion Channels, GPCRs and Nuclear Receptors. The prediction accuracy of cross-validation on the four datasets is 95.40%, 88.82%, 85.67%, and 82.22%, respectively. In order to have a clearer assessment of the proposed approach, we compared it with the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) descriptors model, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier model and existing excellent approaches, including DBSI, NetCBP, KBMF2K, SIMCOMP and RFDT. The excellent results of experimental indicated that the proposed approach can effectively improve the DTI prediction accuracy and can be used as a practical tool for the research and design of new drugs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
at the BACDA Study Day

: Understaffing at times of leave prompted a study of the viability of single-handed, sound field, visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) to be carried out on one hundred consecutive children tested. These children had been referred to second or third tier community paediatric audiology clinics at twelve venues. A prototype, portable sound field visual reinforcement audiometer was specified and used in the study. The age range of the children was from six months to 53 months. Some of the children studied had developmental delay and as the only ones excluded from the study were those who could be conditioned for some form of play audiometry, VRA was appropriate for all those tested. Only 15% of children failed to complete VRA of which four (4%) had some form of global developmental delay. The single-handed management of the test proved viable, since 85% of children completed the sound field VRA testing regime.
KASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Until recently, the major causes of end-stage liver disease in Korea were chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and alcoholic liver disease. However, hepatitis B vaccinations and antiviral drugs are anticipated to significantly reduce end-stage liver disease caused by hepatitis viruses. In contrast, the incidence of obesity-related metabolic syndrome has rapidly increased in Korea, resulting in a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from 16-33%. NAFLD had not received much attention in the past because of its relatively favorable clinical progress. However, it has received increased attention since NAFLD was identified to progress in some patients to end-stage liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. For this reason, the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD have been proactively investigated in recent years. However, clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD have not been established in Korea. This need prompted the Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (KASL) to develop the “KASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease”, based on a systematic approach that reflects evidence-based medicine and expert opinions. Target population
Balancing wildlife and bioenergy values on private forestlands in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan

5 Chapter 1: Introduction 6 Chapter 2: Background Information 9 Mascoma Corporation’s plans for a commercial facility 9 History of ethanol 10 Shortcomings of reliance on petroleum 14 Is cellulosic ethanol a viable alternative? 16 Landowner incentive programs 19 Chapter 3: Scholarly Literature Review 24 Non-industrial private forestlands 24 Managing for biofuels and biodiversity 26 Wildlife management on private lands 28 Gaps in Literature 30 Chapter 4: Research Design 32 Hypotheses 39 Chapter 5: Results 40 Landowners and timber harvesting 40 Wildlife management interests of private landowners 44 Landowner values and beliefs about climate change and energy independence 48 Private landowners and Bioenergy 52 Hypotheses 57 Chapter 6: Discussion 59 Chapter 7: Conclusion 62 Literature Cited 68 Appendix A. Sampling Rules 78 Appendix B. Interview Cover Letter 82 Appendix C. Landowner Response Letter 84 Appendix D. Interview Questions Protocol 85