Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Giardia cyst concentrations in river water

Water samples from three pristine rivers in the Pacific Northwest were analyzed for Giardiu cyst presence and concentration using a membrane-filtration-immunofluorescence-assay procedure. A total of 222 samples were collected either monthly or bimonthly over a ninemonth period from 17 sampling stations on three rivers and 12 tributaries. Cyst recovery efficiency was monitored using samples seeded with cysts at levels ranging from 0.5 to 50 cysts/L. The recovery efficiency of the procedure averaged 21.8 percent + 6 percent through 26 sets of samples. Gimfiu cysts were found in 94 (43 percent) of the samples. The corresponding cyst concentrations calculated from the recovery efficiency and the sample volume ranged from 0.1 to 5.2 cysts/L. The distribution of cyst concentrations in positive samples was lognormal. Both the magnitude of cyst concentrations (as indicated by the mean value) and the variability (as indicated by the slope of the distributions) differed among the three rivers. No statistically supportable seasonal variations were found. The principal conclusion was that Giurdiu cysts appear to be continuously present, though at low concentrations, even in relatively pristine rivers. The presence of Giardia lamblia cysts in sources of public water supply has been documented in many areas of the United States and Canada. ’ It has been described as one of the most common etiological agents contributing to outbreaks of waterborne gastroenteritis.2 Control of Giardia cysts in water treatment has been challenging because their removal by filtration requires consistently efficient operation and specialized analytical techniques,” and because they are relatively resistant to conventional disinfectants. ’ Knowledge of Giardia cyst concentrations in water is relevant to public health protection for several reasons, yet no data on cyst concentrations in water have been reported. First, the risk of infection through consuming cystcontaminated water must be directly proportional to cyst concentration, assuming uniform cyst viability and ‘infectivity characteristics. Second, the concentration of cysts in untreated sources of water supply undoubtedly depends on the nature and magnitude of sources (and sinks) throughout the watershed. Examination of surface streams in remote areas has shown that the frequency of cyst discovery is directly related to the intensity of human activity in the watershed. : High levels of Giardia
Productivity Analysis Comparison of Different Types of Earthmoving Operations by Means of Various Productivity Measurements

Abstract Researchers and site engineers in construction have tried to develop appropriate methods of productivity measurements. Even though many methods have been released in academia and industry, they seldom are able to select the optimized method while considering various site conditions. This study was developed from a previous study which presented the quantified productivity differences on one specific operation, that of the conventional earthmoving operation. This study suggested more consistent results for productivity differences by various methods while focusing on two different operations; the conventional and the GPS-based system. This study verified the findings from a previous study whereby results from a deterministic method and an actual measurement yield the highest values and the lowest values, respectively. It was also found that the quantified differences were mostly within 10% of the range of productivity loss in the deterministic measurement, which was illustrated in the literature. Additional statistical verification showed that the differences were mostly within 95% of the confidence intervals. It is expected that this study will provide researchers in academia with basic guidelines for developing appropriate methods for performance measurements. This study also assists site engineers in the construction industry to predict productivity and to convert results to more realistic values by using methods other than actual measurements.
Steel Supported Aluminum Conductors (SSAC) for Overhead Transmission Lines

This paper describes the properties and performance characteristics of a new type of composite aluminum-steel conductor. The aluminum wires are fully annealed in the factory, and normally all or most of the mechanical load is carried by the steel. The new conductor can operate continuously at high temperatures without detriment; it sags less at high temperatures than conventional conductors; it has a high self damping capability; it has a high degree of immunity to vibration fatigue; and its final sags are not affected by long time creep of aluminum.
INJURY CAUSATION IN ROLLOVER ACCIDENTS AND THE BIOFIDELITY OF HYBRID III DATA IN ROLLOVER TESTS

This paper reviews literature related to the debate in the scientific community and among policymaking entities regarding the role of roof crush in the causation of rollover accident injuries. Field studies yield the question of whether the correlation between roof crush and injuries occurs because roof crush causes injuries or because roof crush is associated with accident severity, which is related to injury potential. Malibu rollover tests have been maligned for the level of "potentially injurious impacts" measured in the Hybrid-III (H-III) dummies used in these studies. In addition, it has been asserted that the H-III neck is excessively stiff in compression and that experimental testing with the H-III produces results not representative of human occupant responses. The literature reveals that the H-III and cadavers have similar neck stiffnesses in some loading modes when subjected to the same boundary conditions. The time history of neck forces developed in a drop test using an H-III dummy was compared to the time history of neck forces found in recently published cadaver drop tests and found to be similar. A published computational model proposing a causal relationship between roof stiffness and injury was found to be inaccurate and non-representative of human occupant kinematics. Research to date has found that roof crush is not causally related to injuries in typical rollover accidents.
The Digitization of the Recorded Music Industry: Impact on Business Models and Scenarios of Evolution

In this paper, we provide scenarios of evolution for the recorded music industry. These scenarios are based on two dimensions. First, we identify two strategies of revenue extraction in a digital world: either through the sale of content, which requires a direct or indirect protection of music files; or through the (almost) free distribution of content and the sale of complementary goods or services. Second, we argue that the informational structure of the industry is evolving from a situation in which works are selected before the production phase and promotion is centralised to a situation in which there will be no selection and/or promotion will be decentralised. We discuss each scenario in terms of market structure and diversity and provide examples of emerging business that fit with the scenarios.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Integritas, Kompetensi, Dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di PT. Golden Riau Jaya Pekanbaru

Kinerja Karyawan diketahui sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi berbagai aspek di PT.Golden Riau Jaya, adapun pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Integritas, Kompetensi dan Komitmen Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Golden Riau Jaya Pekanbaru. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan dilaksanakan pada 52 karyawan PT. Golden Riau Jaya yang juga merupakan populasi pada penelitian ini. Dalam penelitian ini teknik sampling yang digunakan teknik sampling jenuh merupakan teknik penentuan sampel bila semua anggota populasi digunakan sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel kepemimpinan transformasional tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT.Golden Riau Jaya Pekanbaru, variabel integritas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT.Golden Riau Jaya Pekanbaru, variabel Kompetensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT.Golden Riau Jaya Pekanbaru, dan variabel komitmen organisasi berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT.Golden Riau Jaya Pekanbaru. Dengan demikian perusahaan PT.Golden Riau Jaya sebaiknya lebih memperhatikan variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan antara lain: integritas dan kompetensi. Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Integritas, Kompetensi, Komitmen Organisasi, Kinerja Karyawan.
Structured Supervision Propelling Job Performance in Universities: Achieving Goals without Chains

The study is aimed at determining how structured supervision of influences work attitude and promotes job performance in universities. This is because the success of any academic institution depends on effective supervision of staff. To achieve the objectives, the study adopted survey research design using interviews and questionnaire. Respondents (107) were selected from different units/departments of a public university in Nigeria through stratified sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that Junior Non-Academic Staff of the university were poorly supervised, leading to poor job performance. The cause of this is non-application of structured supervision. The study believes in structured supervision, which involves elimination of harsh supervision, enthronement of cordial relationship between workers and their supervisors, regular training of supervisors, promotion of exemplary supervision, and provision of institutional policy on supervision. Therefore, there is a strong relationship between structured supervision and high job performance. As a result, it is important that supervisors are regularly trained to imbibe spirit of structured supervision which will help them to lead their subordinates to achieve high job performance.
Macular and peripapillary vessel density measurement in the evaluation of Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Purpose: To compare vessel density in macular and peripapillary area between control subjects and patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to evaluate the association between RNFL thickness and different stage of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: A total of 170 eyes (normal control, 43; mild NPDR, 43; moderate NPDR, 42; severe NPDR, 42) underwent OCTA imaging. Optical coherence tomography angiographic parameters were vessel densities of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) in macular area and peripapillary area. Results: Vessel density of SCP and DCP in macular area, peripapillary area as well as RNFL thickness were 53.13%±3.03%, 52.07%±2.28%, 53.78%±3.66% and 128. 86μm±11. 32μm, respectively, in control subjects; 50.24%±3.81%, 47.40%±45.02%, 46.50%±6.03% and 124μm±13. 97μm, respectively, in mild NPDR; 46.80%±5.23%; 44.39%±3.99%; 44.64%±4.23%; 121. 02μm±20. 86μm, respectively, in moderate NPDR; 42.82%±5.46%, 42.34%±5.14%, 43.16%±4.47%, 118. 60μm ±21. 91μm in severe NPDR. The reduction of vessel density of SCP and DCP in macular area, peripapillary area as well as RNFL thickness were correlated with increasing severity of DR. Vessel density of SCP and DCP in macular area, peripapillary area and foveal density 300 (FD 300) in normal control were significantly higher than that of mild, moderate and severe NPDR groups. (all P<0.001). Vessel density of DCP shows better ability to identify the severity of DR (0.913; 95% CI=0.867-0.958; cut off value:0.75) than FD 300, vessel density of SCP in macular area and peripapillary area. Conclusion: Macular and peripapillary vessel density as well as RNFL thickness decreased as DR progresses. Vessel density in DCP could be an objective and sensitive indicator for monitoring evaluate and microstructural alterations in and (ONH), the course of DR.
Measuring Loneliness in Different Age Groups: The Measurement Invariance of the UCLA Loneliness Scale

Age differences in the prevalence of loneliness have been a key focus among researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. However, the degree to which those reflect genuine differences in the experience of loneliness or the way individuals understand and respond to loneliness measures is yet to be examined. The current study explored the age measurement invariance of the 20-item Revised University of California Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LSR) and its shorter forms in a U.K. sample of adults aged 18 to 99 years (M = 50.6, SD = 19.7). The fit of different structures/versions was explored through multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; N = 4,375) and local structural equation modeling (N = 19,521). Results indicated a poor and/or inconsistent structure for the 20-item UCLA-LSR and many of its shorter forms. Of the structures considered, 12 showed acceptable model fit and received age measurement invariance testing through multigroup CFA and alignment; 10 of these achieved full, partial, or approximate measurement invariance. Our findings suggest that the age measurement invariance of loneliness measures should not be assumed, and crucially, this must be explored before accurate and meaningful age comparisons can be made. Implications for measurement research, and clinical and community practice, are discussed.
EFFECT OF BOILING AND MICROWAVE ASSISTED PROCESSING ON THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF VITAMIN–C IN EMBLICA OFFICINALIS

Objective: The present work aimed to expand the awareness of restoring vitamin-C in its active form on different heat exposures. The effect of microwave-assisted processing and boiling of the aqueous crude extract of citrus fruit Emblica officinalis (amla) has been correlated with its antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli. Methods: The aqueous crude extract of dried amla pulp exposed to microwave radiation(600W,5 min) and boiling (5 min) were titrimetrically estimated for vitamin-C content by DCPIP-(2,6, Dinitrophenol indophenol) method and compared the same with the untreated sample. These three samples were studied for their effect on the growth pattern of E. coli turbidimetrically. The antimicrobial susceptibility test by agar cup well diffusion method was further followed to measure the zone of inhibitions (ZOI) for these three test extracts against E. coli. Results: The total estimated vitamin-C content was 26.76 mg/100g, 25.35 mg/100g and 21.12 mg/100g in the untreated extract (UTE), microwaved extract (MWE) and boiled extract (BE) respectively. At a higher concentration (0.8 mg/ml), the UTE showed a greater ZOI of 20 mm and a comparable ZOI of 18 mm for the MWE against E. coli. In addition, a reduced ZOI of 10 mm was recorded in case of the BE. At a lowest concentration (0.05 mg/ml), the UTE inhibited the growth with a least ZOI of 7 mm, whereas no inhibition zones were detected for MWE and BE at this concentration. Conclusion: The present investigation demonstrated the effect of boiling and microwave-assisted processing on the content of bioactive vitamin-C and its antimicrobial activity. The DCPIP method calculated a more vitamin-C retention in the MWE than the BE. As the boiling method destroyed the vitamin more rapidly, a higher growth rate of E. coli was measured in the presence of BE than the UTE and MWE. In addition, the antimicrobial assay also showed a least inhibitory effect against E. coli in the presence of the BE. A moderate inhibitory effect for MWE was also detected. Thus the present investigation proved that the boiling process destroys vitamin-C present in a food sample to a higher extent than the microwave-assisted processing.
Experimental study on using advance demand information to mitigate the bullwhip effect via decentralised negotiations

This paper analyses experiment results to show that advance demand information (ADI) strategies have the potential to counteract the bullwhip effect and reduce supply chain costs in practice. The experiments are conducted with a new web-based interactive computer simulation game, where human players assuming the roles of suppliers not only make replenishment order decisions but also negotiate for agreements on ADI provision, consumption, and compensation. The game is designed with enhanced information provision and communication channels through which negotiations are conducted strictly between neighbouring suppliers. As such, the supply chain is kept decentralised (i.e. no information is shared across supply chain stages). The effectiveness of ADI strategies is tested in a variety of settings; e.g. when supply chain parameters are heterogeneous, when suppliers have (or do not have) partial knowledge on the customer demand, and when suppliers are inexperienced with the ADI strategy. It is observed repeatedly that the ADI negotiation mechanism significantly improves the supply chain performance, reducing not only the total chain-wide cost but also every individual supplier's cost. This improvement is generally achieved by the downstream suppliers (e.g. retailer) making future order commitments (while carrying higher inventory), which allows upstream suppliers to gain sufficient cost reduction and provide compensation to the downstream suppliers.
Details of Side Load Test Data and Analysis for a Truncated Ideal Contour Nozzle and a Parabolic Contour Nozzle

Two cold flow subscale nozzles were tested for side load characteristics during simulated nozzle start transients. The two test article contours were a truncated ideal and a parabolic. The current paper is an extension of a 2009 AIAA JPC paper on the test results for the same two nozzle test articles. The side load moments were measured with the strain tube approach in MSFC s Nozzle Test Facility. The processing techniques implemented to convert the strain gage signals into side load moment data are explained. Nozzle wall pressure profiles for separated nozzle flow at many NPRs are presented and discussed in detail. The effect of the test cell diffuser inlet on the parabolic nozzle s wall pressure profiles for separated flow is shown. The maximum measured side load moments for the two contours are compared. The truncated ideal contour s peak side load moment was 45% of that of the parabolic contour. The calculated side load moments, via mean-plus-three-standard-deviations at each nozzle pressure ratio, reproduced the characteristics and absolute values of measured maximums for both contours. The effect of facility vibration on the measured side load moments is quantified and the effect on uncertainty is calculated. The nozzle contour designs are discussed and the impact of a minor fabrication flaw in the nozzle contours is explained.
Expected Safety Performance of Rural Signalized Intersections in South Korea

Understanding the expected safety performance of rural signalized intersections is critical for (a) identifying high-risk sites where the observed safety performance is substantially worse than the expected safety performance, (b) understanding influential factors associated with crashes, and (c) predicting the future performance of sites and helping plan safety-enhancing activities. These three critical activities are routinely conducted for safety management and planning purposes in jurisdictions throughout the United States and around the world. This paper aims to develop baseline expected safety performance functions of rural signalized intersections in South Korea, which to date have not yet been established or reported in the literature. Data are examined from numerous locations within South Korea for both three-legged and four-legged configurations. The safety effects of a host of operational and geometric variables on the safety performance of these sites are also examined. In addition, supplementary tables and graphs are developed for comparing the baseline safety performance of sites with various geometric and operational features. These graphs identify how various factors are associated with safety. The expected safety prediction tables offer advantages over regression prediction equations by allowing the safety manager to isolate specific features of the intersections and examine their impact on expected safety. The examination of the expected safety performance tables through illustrated examples highlights the need to correct for regression-to-the-mean effects, emphasizes the negative impacts of multicollinearity, shows why multivariate models do not translate well to accident modification factors, and illuminates the need to examine road safety carefully and methodically. Caveats are provided on the use of the safety performance prediction graphs developed in this paper.
Experimental Investigations Upon Fatigue Life of Circular Contacts With Transversal Furrow

Rolling contact fatigue depends essentially on both surface and subsurface populations of defects. First, this paper describes experimental results obtained in rolling contact fatigue tests in the presence of a furrow oriented transversally to the race-way. Then an attempt to predict theoretically the effect of geometric parameters of the furrow upon contact fatigue life is described.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Correlation between Left Ventricular Hypertrophy with Strain Pattern Electrocardiography and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Hypertensive Heart Disease

Background : Left ventricular hypertrophy ECG with ‘strain’ pattern will show indirectly structural and functional change in hypertensive patients, this process leads to diastolic dysfunction that eventually will be heart failure, this study aims to seek a correlation between ECG with ‘strain’ pattern with diastolic dysfunction in echocardiography examination in patients with hypertensive heart disease. Method : This is a cross-sectional study involving 80 patients diagnosed with hypertension in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan from Mei 2018 to August 2018. Chi-Square test will be performed to analyze correlation between ECG with ‘strain’ pattern with diastolic dysfunction in patients with normal ejection fraction according to ASE 2016 guidelines in hypertensive heart disease patients. Result : From 80 subjects, 12 (80%) subjects with ‘strain’ pattern ECG have diastolic dysfunction (p=0.001). subjects with history of smoker and diabetes mellitus has significant correlation to diastolic dysfunction (p=0,049 & p=0,047). LAD axis, e’ septal value, LAVi, TR velocity values has also significant correlation to diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive heart disease patient (p<0.05). Conclusion : Left ventricular hypertrophy ECG with ‘strain’ pattern has correlation with diastolic dysfunction in echocardiography performed in patients with hypertensive heart disease. Smokers and diabetes mellitus patients also correlated with diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive heart disease patient.