Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
H1N1 Swine flu: An Experience in a district of WesternMaharashtra, India

Background: Genetic re-assortments in the influenza virus have caused fast and unpredictable changes leading to recurrent epidemics of febrile respiratory disease. Surveillance is the foundation of all efforts to understand and control influenza. Effective case detection and treatment as per WHO guidelines is necessary to reduce the mortality. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find the proportion of swine flu “cases” among the total suspects, to study their epidemiological profile and the various correlates affecting the outcome. Material and Methods: A Cross-sectional study was carried out in 4 centres, identified as per Govt. guidelines for screening, diagnosis and management of H1N1 cases in 1 year period (Oct’2009 to Sept’2010). Information was collected using predesigned proforma from 100% “suspects” of Influenza A admitted to isolation wards, after duly informing the patients. Results: Out of total 466 “suspects”, 142 (30.47%) were found to be positive. M:F ratio of cases was 1.3:1. Maximum cases (47.18%) reported between >20 – 40 years of age group. 105 cases (73.94%) reported from Sangli district and 94 cases (66.20%) residing in rural area with most of them being admitted in the month Aug’2010 i.e. 229 (49.14%). The outcome of disease was poor in females compared to males. The duration of illness before hospitalization was longer and stay in the hospital was shorter in the cases who died. Conclusions: Early case detection can reduce the burden of disease, so the health system should be strengthened and voluntary early reporting should be encouraged through various healthcampaigns. Special measures should be taken during pre-monsoon season to reduce the risk of transmission.
Phytosynthesis of organo-metallic silver nanoparticles and their anti-phytopathogenic potency against soil borne Fusarium spp.

Nanomaterials are the acme of research in quest for novel antimicrobial agents. Current study focuses on phytological synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous leaf extract of Justicia peploides and Withania coagulans. Techniques like UV–visible spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were carried out for characterization and confirmation of synthesized AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited maximum absorption peaks between 410–435 nm for different concentrations of silver nanoparticles, the x-ray diffraction patterns showed that the nanoparticles were crystalline in nature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the conversion of metallic ions to nanoparticles due to simultaneous reduction and capping by phytochemicals. The Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed that the nanoparticles are of various shapes. Soil borne plant pathogens causes devastating losses to crop production annually. The biggest contributors to these losses are fungal phytopathogens. Availability of very few options in the shape of antifungal agents and chances of development of antibiotic resistance is a major constraint in efficient control of plant pathogens. Unlike human pathogenic fungi, the potentials of biosynthesized nanoparticles against phytopathogenic fungi is a less explored area. To the best of our knowledge, phytopathogenic fungal strains like Fusarium lateritum and Fusarium phylophillum have never been tested for their susceptibility against nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were therefore used against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium lateritum and Fusarium phylophillum to check for their anti-phytopathogenic capabilities so that they may add to the list of possible solutions in mitigating the issue of plant diseases.
Intermittent erlotinib (ERL) in combination with pemetrexed (PEM): Phase I schedules designed to achieve pharmacodynamic separation

8032 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) given concurrently with chemotherapy do not improve patient outcomes compared with chemotherapy alone in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We hypothesized that pharmacodynamic separation (PDS) by intermittent delivery of EGFR-TKI with chemotherapy would increase efficacy by overcoming proposed antagonism, and tested this concept with docetaxel/ERL (Davies, Clin Lung Cancer 2007). Here we report experience with two schedules of intermittent ERL in combination with PEM. Methods: Two dose escalating phase I trials (Arm A and Arm B) were conducted simultaneously. PEM was given every 21 days in both arms (500 mg/m2 IV). Arm A: ERL was given weekly days 2, 9, 16 (800–1400 mg). Arm B: ERL was given days 2–16 (150–250 mg). Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as: gr 4 platelets, gr 3 platelets with bleeding, febrile neutropenia, gr 3 ANC with infection, or any ≥ gr 3 non-heme toxicity. Results: 42 patients with.
Knowledge and attitude of medical practitioners towards periodontal diseases in New Delhi: A questionnaire based study.

Background: Periodontal diseases have been linked with many systemic conditions / diseases. D ue to limited access to dental care, patients turn to primary health care providers for their oral health needs. This would result in medical practitioners encountering patients with dental problems. The physicians training program has limited curriculum about oral diseases. Also, their knowledge is not so comprehensive about the systemic condition and periodontal disease correlation. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the awareness and knowledge about the correlation between periodontal and systemic diseases amongst medical practitioners. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire based survey was carried out in New Delhi (India). A total of 300 registered medical practitioners were included in the study. Each participant was given a self – administered multiple-choice questionnaire. The responses were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 168 (54%) medical practitioners had correct knowledge about the etiology of periodontal diseases. 71% had the knowledge about the two – way relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions. About 215 (72%), 107(36%), 107(36%) and 116 (39%) medical practitioners were aware that periodontal disease was a risk factor for coronary heart disease, preterm labour, cerebral infarction and infective endocarditis, respectively. Out of 300 medical practitioners, 188 (62.6 %) had an overall good knowledge about different periodontal diseases and their treatment modalities. Conclusion: The level of awareness about periodontal diseases and their correlation with systemic diseases was fairly good in the medical practitioners. However, some important diseases were overlooked which requires certain updation in their knowledge.
Subjective Estimates of Exercise Ability: Comparison to Objective Measurements

Although not well validated, physicians frequently use subjective estimates of exercise ability to assess clinical status and therapeutic results. This study employed a standardized questionnaire and cardiopulmonary exercise test to compare the results of subjective estimates by 211 patients (mean age 13.9 yrs) with objective measurements of exercise ability. Questionnaire data correlated with measured maximal oxygen consumption. Individuals thought to be below average had a maximal oxygen consumption of 21±6 ml/kg/min. Those thought to have average fitness had a maximal oxygen consumption of 26±8 ml/kg/min, and those thought to be above average had a maximal oxygen consumption of 30±7 ml/kg/min. There was a great degree of overlap and scatter of these data, however, such that questionnaire data significantly overestimated exercise ability in 67% and underestimated it in 3% of the subjects. In only 30% of the subjects did the subjective estimate of exercise ability correspond with objectively measured exe.
A scaling analysis for the evolution of small-scale turbulence eddies across premixed flames with implications on distributed combustion

In this work, we propose a physics-based scaling theory for the evolution of small-scale turbulence eddies in the unburnt mixture when they travel across the preheat zone of a premixed flame. This scaling theory is developed to explicitly account for the effects of viscous diffusion on the length and velocity scales of turbulence eddies that are smaller than the inner reaction zone thickness of a premixed flame. This scaling suggests that both the length and velocity scales of the turbulence eddies are significantly altered as they pass through the preheat zone. The applicability of the scaling is assessed using a series of detailed numerical simulations of flame-vortex interactions with finite-rate chemistry and detailed molecular transport. The scaling estimates of eddy evolution are compared to simulation predictions with reasonable agreement. The proposed scaling is then applied to estimate the required length and velocity scales of turbulence eddies in the unburnt mixture of a turbulent premixed flame to potentially create significant perturbation of the reaction zone by local mixing after passing through the preheat zone. These requirements are translated into a minimum estimated Karlovitz number (Ka) of approximately in the unburnt mixture of a turbulent premixed flame to potentially achieve distributed combustion. This estimated minimum Ka is significantly higher than the classical scaling estimate () for turbulent premixed flames, which supports the observations in recent experimental and Direct Numerical Simulation studies. The proposed scaling analysis implies that it is unlikely that turbulence eddies on the unburnt side of realistic turbulent premixed flames can be simultaneously sufficiently small and sufficiently strong to significantly alter the structure of the inner reaction zone.
Sensitive and Ultrabroadband Phototransistor Based on Two‐Dimensional Bi2O2Se Nanosheets

Bi2O2Se, a high‐mobility and air‐stable 2D material, has attracted substantial attention for application in integrated logic electronics and optoelectronics. However, achieving an overall high performance over a wide spectral range for Bi2O2Se‐based devices remains a challenge. A broadband phototransistor with high photoresponsivity (R) is reported that comprises high‐quality large‐area (≈180 µm) Bi2O2Se nanosheets synthesized via a modified chemical vapor deposition method with a face‐down configuration. The device covers the ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), and near‐infrared (NIR) wavelength ranges (360–1800 nm) at room temperature, exhibiting a maximum R of 108 696 A W−1 at 360 nm. Upon illumination at 405 nm, the external quantum efficiency, R, and detectivity (D*) of the device reach up to 1.5 × 107%, 50055 A W−1, and 8.2 × 1012 Jones, respectively, which is attributable to a combination of the photogating, photovoltaic, and photothermal effects. The devices reach a −3 dB bandwidth of 5.4 kHz, accounting for a fast rise time (τrise) of 32 µs. The high sensitivity, fast response time, and environmental stability achieved simultaneously in these 2D Bi2O2Se phototransistors are promising for high‐quality UV and IR imaging applications.
Identification, Quantification and In-Vitro Genotoxicity of Major Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Produced by Sugarcane Fly Ash Emitted from Sugarmill

Sugarcane burning during harvest and non-harvest season emits various pollutants like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), alkanes, and PAHs (Polyaromatic hydrocarbons) in the surrounding environment. Among these pollutants, PAHs are of uttermost concern due to their high level of toxicity. Burning of sugarcane bagase in sugar mill results in the production of fly ash. Fly ash is produced as a result of sugarcane bagasse burning in sugar mills. In present study, fly ash that comes out from the sugar mill chimney was collected from Western Uttar Pradesh, India and used for further analysis. High temperature and incomplete combustion inside chimney lead to the formation of PAHs. Extraction of PAHs present in fly ash samples was done by ultrasonication method and was identified with GC-FID (gas chromatography-flame ionization detector). Results exhibit the presence of eight PAHs in fly ash samples where the Benzo(a)pyrene and Naphthalene were found to be in high concentration. Furthermore, we have evaluated toxic effects of fly ash and Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (Standard of BaP & Nap) through different methods i.e. MTT, ROS and comet assay. Significant reduction (p < 0.001) in cell viability was noted in cells treated with fly ash as compared to control. Fly ash samples were also found to induce significant oxidative stress in HeLa cells, which ultimately causes DNA damage. Therefore, it may be concluded that the fly ash samples are toxic to the environment due to the presence of PAHs. Hence, the present study plays an important role in determining the harmful effects of PAHs and their source of occurrence.
Evaluation of Different Pretreatment Systems for the Energy Recovery of Greenhouse Agricultural Wastes in a Cement Plant

This work evaluates and selects the best sequence of operations for the pretreatment of greenhouse agricultural wastes (GAW) derived from the main greenhouse crops of the west of Almeria (Spain), such as tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, eggplants, zucchinis, watermelons and melons, before recovering its potential energy in a cement plant located in this province. In this research, a set of operations are proposed to reduce the chlorine percentage and the moisture content presented in this kind of waste, for its use as an alternative fuel in this production facilities. A washing of the waste under optimal conditions may reduce the chlorine content by approximately 50.0% of the original value and increase the lower calorific value by 8.0%. Drying the waste with a hot gas stream could produce a recoverable waste with a moisture content lower than 3.0%, which enables its temporary storage while avoiding its degradation. The use of an adequate amount of conditioned GAW can provide a substitute up to 51% of the co.
A well encapsulating stearic acid composite phase change material sealed by calcium carbonate

ABSTRACT A new type of microencapsulated stearic acid phase change material was synthesized by in-situ polymerization with calcium carbonate as the encapsulation material and nucleating agent to stearic acid. The thermal properties of microencapsulated stearic acid were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and hot disk. The maximum phase change enthalpy is about 139 J/g and 135 J/g in the melting and solidifying processes, which are higher than those of the stearic acid composite phase change materials previously reported. The optimum encapsulation ratio of the calcium carbonate to the stearic acid is about 79%. In addition, the samples exhibited a perfect spherical morphology, good thermal stability, shape stability, relatively well thermal conductivity and good thermal cycle life. The in-situ polymerization synthesis method used in preparing the stearic acid phase change microcapsules has been less studied.
Attitude of Female Undergraduate Dental Students Regarding Their Future Study: Study from an South Indian Dental College

Introduction: Dentistry is one of the most prestigious professions in India. Among the total dental undergraduate students a very high proportion is female. The present study was conducted to find out the attitude of female dental students regarding their further study and to find out different factors affecting the decision to do post-graduation and subject of choice. Methodology: The study was carried out in a dental college in South India among the undergraduate female dental students from first year to final year. Data were collected using a pre-designed, pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Collected data was compiled, tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: 25% students did not want to do post-graduation and wanted to work as general dentist. Wish to be general dentist was significantly higher among students of higher age group and students of final year. Oral and maxillofacial surgery was the most favorite discipline to do post-graduation for students of all years except final year. No student wanted to work as oral pathologist, oral anatomist, public health dentist or period on to logist. Majority of the students liked to study dentistry. However, proportion of students who did not like to study dentistry was significantly higher among third year students. Conclusion: Attitude of students regarding future career varied widely according to age of the students and year of study. Practice of early age of marriage among female as compared to male may be a reason of change of their attitude regarding future study. Huge stress involved in studying dentistry can be another reason for this.
Broad Range Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction as Diagnostic Method for Septic Synovitis in Horses

The purpose of this study was first to describe the clinical findings, case management and short-term outcome of horses with septic synovial structures over the last 25 years, and to identify risk factors and treatment modalities associated with specific short-term outcomes. Secondly, we wanted to evaluate a broad range real time polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) assay for the diagnosis of septic synovitis from synovial fluid (SF) samples of horses, and compare its performance to currently available diagnostic methods. For the retrospective study, 367 cases met the inclusion criteria. Lavage of the synovial structure and endoscopic surgery were associated with an increased likelihood of discharge from hospital, however, none of the local antimicrobial delivery modalities were associated with a significant change in outcome. No significant improvement in hospital outcome of horses with septic synovitis was identified over the past 25 years. For the RT PCR study, 48 SF samples from horses with suspected septic synovitis were included, and RT PCR and microbial culture was performed on all samples. One additional RT PCR assay was performed on samples with discordant results or identification of dissimilar organisms. Thirty-eight percent of SF samples had positive culture results, and 42% of SF samples had positive RT PCR results. Sensitivity and specificity for the RT PCR assay relative to agreement of observers on the likelihood of infection were 87% and 72%, respectively, whereas for culture they were 56% and 86%, respectively (P=0.001). The combination of culture and RT PCR assay resulted in sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 81%, respectively. The broad range RT PCR assay was more sensitive than culture for identification of horses with septic synovitis. Further refinement of the RT PCR assay technique may facilitate use in a clinical setting.
The influence of pre-conceptual and perceptual understandings of HIV/AIDS : a case study of selected Ugandan biology classrooms

Curbing the spread of HIV/AIDS in Uganda has largely depended on public and private media messages about the disease. In addition, the introduction of the topic of HIV/AIDS in the Senior Three (Grade 11) biology curriculum has added credence to the campaign. Media campaigns, especially those in local dialects, based on Uganda's cultural norms of communication are metaphorical, analogical and simile-like. To what extent do the students' pre-conceptions of the disease, based on media messages influence their development of conceptual understanding of the disease, its transmission and prevention? Of significant importance is the impact of the students' conceptions developed from the indirect media messages on classroom instructions on HIV/AIDS. This study describes Ugandan Senior Three students' pre-conceptual knowledge of HIV/AIDS and how these impact classroom instruction on HIV/AIDS. The study was conducted in four different Ugandan high schools: girls' boarding, boys' boarding, mixed boarding and mixed day. Using questionnaires, focus group discussions, recorded biology lessons and informal interviews, students' pre-conceptions of HIV/AIDS and how these impact instructions on HIV/AIDS were explicated. Interpretive data analysis suggests that students have internalized various messages and developed central beliefs on HIV/AIDS. Students use these central beliefs to understand and interpret HIV/AIDS messages. Some of these central beliefs are inconsistent with scientifically proven information on HIV/AIDS. Some of the beliefs are persistent even after classroom instruction on HIV/AIDS. This has implications on how the teaching of HIV/AIDS is planned arid implemented.
USE OF MRI TO STUDY EXCITOTOXIC SPINAL CORD INJURY

Using a non-invasive imaging technique, it should be possible to follow the temporal profile of specific pathological events and thus factors contributing to secondary tissue damage following excitotoxic spinal cord injury. The application of a comprehensive imaging protocol will also provide a method to study the protective mechanism of a known neuroprotective agent (agmatine) following injury. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) it will be possible to expand our understanding of the temporal profile of the neuroprotective properties of this agent on specific pathological events; information important to understanding the basic mechanism(s) of neuroprotection. Technological advances in MRI will provide new insights into the temporal characteristics and interrelationships of different pathological events responsible for secondary injury and how these events are affected by a neuroprotective agent with known pharmacological properties.
Sensação subjetiva do zumbido pré e pós intervenção nutricional em alterações metabólicas****** Tinnitus sensation pre and post nutritional intervention in metabolic

Background: different etiologies are related to tinnitus including metabolic disorders (blood glucose and lipids). Aim: the aim of this study was compare tinnitus severity by self-report measures pre and post nutritional intervention, using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Method: participants of this study were twenty one male and female subjects, with ages ranging from 40 to 82 years. Inclusion criteria involved the presence of tinnitus and metabolic disorder diagnosed by laboratory exams. All subjects were submitted to a nutritional intervention program. Audiological evaluation and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory were applied pre and post intervention. Results: when comparing the presence of tinnitus pre and post intervention, data analysis indicates statistical difference concerning tinnitus sensation - 71.5% of the individuals referred less impact of tinnitus in daily activities. Conclusion: an important difference was observed concerning tinnitus influence in subject's life by self-report measures. A direct relation between tinnitus and metabolic disorders in cases related with this symptom was verified.