Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitude Towards COVID-19 Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review

Introduction Availability and accessibility of a safe COVID-19 vaccine do not necessarily guarantee an effective means to mitigate the pandemic. However, the fragile hero’s or health care worker's attitude toward the vaccine is of paramount importance to promote its acceptance. So, the current review aims to provide the latest assessment of healthcare workers’ attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccination and its contributing factor worldwide. Methods Peer-reviewed surveys in English indexed via an electronic database in Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed were systematically searched. The review was carried out per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA-2009) and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021265534). Results Originally 8039 articles were searched from three databases PubMed, Science direct, and Google scholar. Finally, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria and made the root for the estimates of the attitude of COVID -19 vaccinations. In about two-thirds of the studies, respondents showed a positive attitude (≥50%) toward COVID-19 vaccination. However, in about one-quarter of the studies, a negative attitude (<50%) against vaccination was reported. Factors related to the attitude of healthcare workers toward COVID-19 vaccination include age, sex, profession, concerns about the safety of vaccines and fear of COVID-19, trust in the accuracy of the measures taken by the government, flu vaccination during the previous season, comorbid chronic illness, history of recommendation, and depression symptoms in the past week. Conclusion Although most studies report that healthcare workers have a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination, quite a few surveys mention negative attitudes towards the use of vaccines, which may reflect missed opportunities or challenges for the international efforts aimed at mitigating the pandemic. Still, we need to continue to make more efforts to change the attitudes of the uncertain healthcare workers to increase the uptake of the vaccine and deal with the multi-faceted impact of infection.
Qualitative Assessment of Early Adverse Effects of Pfizer–BioNTech and Sinopharm COVID-19 Vaccines by Telephone Interviews

Vaccines are considered the best approach for countering the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we compared early side effects associated with vaccination with the Sinopharm and Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines. Participants of this observational cohort were interviewed based on semi-structured telephone interviews, with enquiries about side effects that developed after vaccination with each dose of these vaccines. Overall, 1004 participants were enrolled, of which 51.1% received Sinopharm vaccine and 48.9% received the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine. After the first dose, 46.3% of participants had an adverse reaction, with injection site pain most commonly being reported (33.2%). Participants who received the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine had significantly higher frequencies of all types of adverse reactions (p < 0.01), with no significant differences in the duration of adverse reactions between the two vaccines. Regarding the second dose, 48.6% of participants had adverse reactions, with injection site pain being most commonly reported (29%). Those who received the Pfizer vaccine reported higher frequencies of all adverse reactions (p < 0.01). However, a longer duration of adverse reactions was seen among Sinopharm vaccine recipients as compared to Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine recipients (p = 0.01). In conclusion, early adverse effects are reported following all types of vaccines but these are more likely to be encountered following the administration of new-generation vaccines. These side effects are mostly mild and treatable.
Automated Calibration of RSS Fingerprinting Based Systems Using a Mobile Robot and Machine Learning

This paper describes an automated method for the calibration of RSS-fingerprinting-based positioning systems. The method assumes using a robotic platform to gather fingerprints in the system environment and using them for training machine learning models. The obtained models are used for positioning purposes during the system operation. The presented calibration method covers all steps of the system calibration, from mapping the system environment using a GraphSLAM based algorithm to training models for radio map calibration. The study analyses four different models: fitting a log-distance path loss model, Gaussian Process Regression, Artificial Neural Network and Random Forest Regression. The proposed method was tested in a BLE-based indoor localisation system set up in a fully furnished apartment. The results have shown that the tested models allow for localisation with accuracy comparable to those reported in the literature. In the case of the Neural Network regression, the median error of robot positioning was 0.87 m. The median of trajectory error in a walking person localisation scenario was 0.4 m.
Laser-Induced Modification of Hydrogenated Detonation Nanodiamonds in Ethanol

Apart from the frequently used high-temperature annealing of detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) in an inert environment, laser irradiation of DNDs in a liquid can be effectively used for onion-like carbon (OLC) formation. Here, we used fully de-aggregated hydrogenated DNDs (H-DNDs) dispersed in ethanol, which were irradiated for up to 60 min using a 532 nm NdYAG laser with an energy of 150 mJ in a pulse (5 J/cm2) at a pulse duration of 10 ns and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. We investigated the DND surface chemistry, zeta potential, and structure as a function of laser irradiation time. Infrared spectroscopy revealed a monotonical decrease in the C–Hx band intensities and an increase of the C–O and C=O features. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the formation of OLC, as well as a gradual loss of nanoparticle character, with increasing irradiation time. Surprisingly, for samples irradiated up to 40 min, the typical and unchanged DND Raman spectrum was recovered after their annealing in air at 450 °C for 300 min. This finding indicates the inhomogeneous sp3 to sp2 carbon transformation during laser irradiation, as well as the insensitivity of DND Raman spectra to surface chemistry, size, and transient structural changes.
Research on the Characteristics and Usefulness of User Reviews of Online Mental Health Consultation Services: A Content Analysis

Online consultation based on Internet technology is gradually becoming the main way to seek health information and professional assistance. Online user reviews, such as content reviews and star ratings, are an important basis for reflecting users’ views on the effectiveness of health services. Here, we used user reviews related to online psychological consultation services for content feature mining and usefulness analyses. We used a professional online psychological counseling service platform in China to collect user reviews that were liked by users as a data sample for a content analysis. An LDA topic model, dictionary-based sentiment analysis, and the NRC Word-Emotion Association Lexicon were used to extract the topic, sentiment, and context features of the content of 4254 useful reviews, and the influence of these features on the usefulness of the reviews was verified by a multiple linear regression analysis. Our results show that the content of online reviews by psychological counseling users presented a positive emotional attitude as a whole and expressed more views on the process, effects, and future expectations of counseling than on other topics. There was a significant correlation between the topic, sentiment, and context features of a user review and its usefulness: reviews giving high scores and containing topics such as “ease emotions” and “consulting expectations” received more user likes. However, the usefulness of a review was significantly reduced if it was in existence for too long. This research provides valuable suggestions for understanding the needs and emotional attitudes of users with mental health problems in terms of online psychological consultation; identifying the factors that affect the number of likes a review receives can help platform users write better consultation evaluations and thereby provide greater usefulness. In addition, the use of online reviews generated by users for content analysis effectively supplements the current research on online psychological counseling in terms of data and methods.
Analyses and Declarations of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Canned Seafood May Help to Quantify Their Dietary Intake

The American Heart Association (AHA) recently confirmed common recommendations of one to two fish dishes per week in order to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nevertheless, the natural fluctuations of lipids and fatty acids (FA) in processed seafood caught little public attention. Moreover, consumers of unprocessed seafood in general do not know how much omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FA) within servings they actually ingest. The few studies published until today considering this aspect have been re-evaluated in today’s context. They included four observational studies with canned fatty coldwater fish (mackerel and herring from the same region, season, producer and research group). Their outcomes were similar to those conducted in the following years using supplements. Cans containing seafood (especially fatty coldwater fish) with declared content of omega-3 FA are ready-to-use products. Human studies have shown a higher bioavailability of omega-3 FA by joint uptake of fat. Canned fatty coldwater fish contain omega-3 FA plus plenty of fat in one and the same foodstuff. That suggests a new dietary paradigm with mixed concepts including several sources with declared content of omega-3 FA for reducing the cardiovascular risk and other acknowledged indications.
Recovery Focused Nutritional Therapy across the Continuum of Care: Learning from COVID-19

Targeted nutritional therapy should be started early in severe illness and sustained through to recovery if clinical and patient-centred outcomes are to be optimised. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shone a light on this need. The literature on nutrition and COVID-19 mainly focuses on the importance of nutrition to preserve life and prevent clinical deterioration during the acute phase of illness. However, there is a lack of information guiding practice across the whole patient journey (e.g., hospital to home) with a focus on targeting recovery (e.g., long COVID). This review paper is of relevance to doctors and other healthcare professionals in acute care and primary care worldwide, since it addresses early, multi-modal individualised nutrition interventions across the continuum of care to improve COVID-19 patient outcomes. It is of relevance to nutrition experts and non-nutrition experts and can be used to promote inter-professional and inter-organisational knowledge transfer on the topic. The primary goal is to prevent complications and support recovery to enable COVID-19 patients to achieve the best possible nutritional, physical, functional and mental health status and to apply the learning to date from the COVID-19 pandemic to other patient groups experiencing acute severe illness.
Renewed Public Health Threat from Emerging Lyssaviruses

Pathogen discovery contributes to our knowledge of bat-borne viruses and is linked to the heightened interest globally in bats as recognised reservoirs of zoonotic agents. The transmission of lyssaviruses from bats-to-humans, domestic animals, or other wildlife species is uncommon, but interest in these pathogens remains due to their ability to cause an acute, progressive, invariably fatal encephalitis in humans. Consequently, the detection and characterisation of bat lyssaviruses continues to expand our knowledge of their phylogroup definition, viral diversity, host species association, geographical distribution, evolution, mechanisms for perpetuation, and the potential routes of transmission. Although the opportunity for lyssavirus cross-species transmission seems rare, adaptation in a new host and the possibility of onward transmission to humans requires continued investigation. Considering the limited efficacy of available rabies biologicals it is important to further our understanding of protective immunity to minimize the threat from these pathogens to public health. Hence, in addition to increased surveillance, the development of a niche pan-lyssavirus vaccine or therapeutic biologics for post-exposure prophylaxis for use against genetically divergent lyssaviruses should be an international priority as these emerging lyssaviruses remain a concern for global public health.
Evaluation of Preventive Treatment Protocols for Patients under Antiresorptive Therapy Undergoing Tooth Extraction at a Swiss University Clinic

Antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) is a dreaded complication in patients with compromised bone metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to examine the occurrence of ARONJ and its related factors among patients with a history of antiresorptive therapy undergoing tooth extraction using preventive protocols at a Swiss university clinic. Data were retrospectively pooled from health records of patients having received a surgical tooth extraction between January 2015 and April 2020 in the Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral surgery, University of Zurich. A total of 970 patients received an extraction with flap elevation or wound closure during this period. A total of 104 patients could be included in the study. Furthermore, variables including age, gender, smoking, risk profile, choice, indication and duration of antiresorptive therapy, number of extractions, extraction site, surgical technique, choice and duration of antibiotics as well as the presence of postoperative inflammatory complications were assessed. Overall, 4 patients developed ARONJ (incidence of 3.8%) after tooth extraction at the same location, without previous signs of osteonecrosis. Preventive methods included predominantly primary wound closure using a full thickness mucoperiosteal flap and prolonged perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. In accordance with current literature, the applied protocol showed a reliable outcome in preventing ARONJ when a tooth extraction is required.
Motor-Imagery EEG-Based BCIs in Wheelchair Movement and Control: A Systematic Literature Review

The pandemic emergency of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shed light on the need for innovative aids, devices, and assistive technologies to enable people with severe disabilities to live their daily lives. EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) can lead individuals with significant health challenges to improve their independence, facilitate participation in activities, thus enhancing overall well-being and preventing impairments. This systematic review provides state-of-the-art applications of EEG-based BCIs, particularly those using motor-imagery (MI) data, to wheelchair control and movement. It presents a thorough examination of the different studies conducted since 2010, focusing on the algorithm analysis, features extraction, features selection, and classification techniques used as well as on wheelchair components and performance evaluation. The results provided in this paper could highlight the limitations of current biomedical instrumentations applied to people with severe disabilities and bring focus to innovative research topics.
Human Rotavirus Reverse Genetics Systems to Study Viral Replication and Pathogenesis

Human rotaviruses (HuRVAs) are highly important causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. A lack of reliable and reproducible reverse genetics systems for HuRVAs has limited a proper understanding of HuRVA biology and also the rational design of live-attenuated vaccines. Since the development of the first reverse genetics system for RVAs (partially plasmid-based reverse genetics system) in 2006, there have been many efforts with the goal of generating infectious recombinant HuRVAs entirely from cloned cDNAs. However, the establishment of a HuRVA reverse genetics system was very challenging until 2019. This review article provides an overview of the historical background of the recent development of long-awaited HuRVA reverse genetics systems, beginning with the generation of recombinant human-simian reassortant RVAs with the aid of a helper virus in 2006 and the generation of recombinant animal (simian) RVAs in a helper virus-free manner in 2017, and culminating in the generation of recombinant HuRVAs entirely from plasmid cDNAs in 2019. Notably, the original HuRVA reverse genetics system has already been optimized to increase the efficiency of virus generation. Although the application of HuRVA reverse genetics systems has only just been initiated, these technologies will help to answer HuRVA research questions regarding viral replication and pathogenicity that could not be addressed before, and to develop next-generation vaccines and intestine-specific rotaviral vectors.
Clinicians’ Feedback on Patient/Carer Experience After Switching of Growth Hormone Treatment in Pediatric Patients During COVID-19

Purpose This study investigated why some clinicians switched growth hormone (GH) brands in pediatric patients with GH-related disorders to Norditropin® since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinicians’ perceptions of the results, and whether observations from this period of disruption could inform clinical practice in the future. Patients and Methods Clinicians (N=106) from the UK, France, Italy, and Japan who had switched at least one patient to Norditropin® from a GH therapy manufactured by a different pharmaceutical company between February and November 2020 participated. They completed an online survey and submitted patient report forms for up to three switched patients. Results Since the start of COVID-19, 39–54% of the reported consultations were virtual (ie, via telephone or online means) in the UK, France, and Italy. Overall, 17% of patients seen by respondents in the survey were switched to a different GH brand; approximately two-thirds of switches were to Norditropin®. Clinicians’ top considerations in choosing a GH brand were patient/carer feedback, patient support programs, and the need for easy-to-use therapies in the context of virtual consultations. The top reasons for switching patients to Norditropin® included ease of use, device features and benefits, better patient/carer feedback, and ease of training in device use via virtual consultations. Norditropin® was considered suitable for use in virtual or in-person consultations or a mixture of both. Based on patient/carer feedback, 66% of clinicians believed that patients preferred Norditropin® to their previous therapy in terms of overall satisfaction. Conclusion In this survey, key considerations in prescribing GH therapy were ease of use and acceptability to patients and carers. If virtual consultations increasingly replace in-person ones, ease in training patients/carers in device use will be particularly important. A majority of clinicians considered that their patients preferred Norditropin® to their previous therapy.
Predicting Drug Release from 3D Printed Oral Medicines Based on the Surface Area to Volume Ratio of Tablet Geometry

3D printing offers the advantage of being able to modify dosage form geometry, which can be exploited to modify release characteristics. In this study, we investigated the influence of the surface area to volume ratio (SA/V) to change and predict release profiles of 3D printed dosage forms. Geometries with varying SA/V and dosages were designed and printed, and drug dissolution was investigated. Three drug substances were used: pramipexole, levodopa (both BCS I) and praziquantel (BCS II). Two polymers were chosen as matrix formers: polyvinyl alcohol (water-soluble) and ethylene vinyl acetate (inert). Drug release was characterized using the mean dissolution time (MDT) and established equations that describe complete dissolution curves were applied. Predictions were validated with previously un-printed dosage forms. Based on an identified MDT-SA/V correlation, the MDT can be predicted with a deviation of ≤5 min for a given SA/V. Using correlations of fit parameters and SA/V, RMSEP values of 0.6–2.8% and 1.6–3.4% were obtained for the BCS I formulations and RMSEP values of 1.0–3.8% were obtained for the BCS II formulation, indicating accurate prediction over a wide range of dissolution profiles. With this approach, MDT and release profiles of dosage forms with a given SA/V can be precisely predicted without performing dissolution tests and vice versa, the required SA/V can be predicted for a desired release profile.
Alpha-Synuclein and the Endolysosomal System in Parkinson’s Disease: Guilty by Association

Abnormal accumulation of the protein α- synuclein (α-syn) into proteinaceous inclusions called Lewy bodies (LB) is the neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related disorders. Interestingly, a growing body of evidence suggests that LB are also composed of other cellular components such as cellular membrane fragments and vesicular structures, suggesting that dysfunction of the endolysosomal system might also play a role in LB formation and neuronal degeneration. Yet the link between α-syn aggregation and the endolysosomal system disruption is not fully elucidated. In this review, we discuss the potential interaction between α-syn and the endolysosomal system and its impact on PD pathogenesis. We propose that the accumulation of monomeric and aggregated α-syn disrupt vesicles trafficking, docking, and recycling, leading to the impairment of the endolysosomal system, notably the autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathway. Reciprocally, PD-linked mutations in key endosomal/lysosomal machinery genes (LRRK2, GBA, ATP13A2) also contribute to increasing α-syn aggregation and LB formation. Altogether, these observations suggest a potential synergistic role of α-syn and the endolysosomal system in PD pathogenesis and represent a viable target for the development of disease-modifying treatment for PD and related disorders.
Household Use of Composted Manure and Phosphorous-Free Fertilizers: Feeling Good versus Doing Good

Increasing urbanization has led to increasing impermeable surfaces and use of lawn care products. Phosphorous (P) is a major pollutant in freshwater systems, leading to eutrophication, harmful algal blooms and hypoxia. An important source is runoff from urban areas so reducing use of P fertilizers by homeowners would be helpful. This study examines the use of two alternative fertilizer sources in an urbanizing watershed in the Midwest, organic fertilizer/composted manure and P-free fertilizer. A mail survey of households was conducted, resulting in a 44% effective response rate. The adoption rates were relatively high (31% and 23% respectively) compared to those found in previous work for rain gardens and rain barrels. Probit regression results found that adoption of both practices was higher among those who tested their soil, knew the watershed concept, and spent more than 10 hours per month gardening. Results for use of composted manure imply that adopters do not view this as fertilizer, which may result in buildup of P levels in the soil over time. Respondents who indicated that water quality was more important than economic development were more likely to use P-free fertilizers. Significant demographic factors for organic fertilizer were somewhat surprising; those with two years of college were more likely to adopt than those with a four-year degree and those with household income of $50,000 - 75,000 were more likely to adopt than those with an income of $75,000 - 100,000. No demographic factors were important for P-free fertilizers.