Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-viral nitric oxide-based gene therapy improves perfusion and liposomal doxorubicin sonopermeation in neuroblastoma models

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric malignancy that accounts for 15% of cancer-related childhood mortality. High-risk NB requires an aggressive chemoradiotherapy regimen that causes significant off-target toxicity. Despite this invasive treatment, many patients either relapse or do not respond adequately. Recent studies suggest that improving tumor perfusion can enhance drug accumulation and distribution within the tumor tissue, potentially augmenting treatment effects without inflicting systemic toxicity. Accordingly, methods that transiently increase tumor perfusion prior to treatment may help combat this disease. Here, we show the use of gene therapy to confer inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression solely in the tumor space, using focused ultrasound targeting. NOS catalyzes the reaction that generates nitric oxide (NO), a potent endogenous vasodilator. This study reports the development of a targeted non-viral image-guided platform to deliver iNOS-expressing plasmid DNA (pDNA) to vascular endothelial cells encasing tumor blood vessels. Following transfection, longitudinal quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (qCEUS) imaging revealed an increase in tumor perfusion over 72 h, attributed to elevated intratumoral iNOS expression. Methods: To construct a gene delivery vector, cationic ultrasound-responsive agents (known as “microbubbles”) were employed to carry pDNA in circulation and transfect tumor vascular endothelial cells in vivo using focused ultrasound (FUS) energy. This was followed by liposomal doxorubicin (L-DOX) treatment. The post-transfection tumor response was monitored longitudinally using qCEUS imaging to determine relative changes in blood volumes and perfusion rates. After therapy, ex vivo analysis of tumors was performed to examine the bioeffects associated with iNOS expression. Results: By combining FUS therapy with cationic ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs), we achieved selective intratumoral transfection of pDNA encoding the iNOS enzyme. While transitory, the degree of expression was sufficient to induce significant increases in tumoral perfusion, to appreciably enhance the chemotherapeutic payload and to extend survival time in an orthotopic xenograft model. Conclusion: We have demonstrated the ability of a novel targeted non-viral gene therapy strategy to enhance tumor perfusion and improve L-DOX delivery to NB xenografts. While our results demonstrate that transiently increasing tumor perfusion improves liposome-encapsulated chemotherapeutic uptake and distribution, we expect that our iNOS gene delivery paradigm can also significantly improve radio and immunotherapies by increasing the delivery of radiosensitizers and immunomodulators, potentially improving upon current NB treatment without concomitant adverse effects. Our findings further suggest that qCEUS imaging can effectively monitor changes in tumor perfusion in vivo, allowing the identification of an ideal time-point to administer therapy.
Do Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury Benefit from Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality Cognitive Training? Preliminary Results from an Exploratory Study on an Underestimated Problem

A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to any part of the spinal cord, caused by traumatic or non-traumatic events. Clinically, SCI is associated with partial or complete loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions below the site of injury. However, cognitive alterations in specific domains can also occur. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of semi-immersive virtual reality (VR) cognitive training (using the BTS Nirvana, Italy) in promoting global functional recovery in patients with SCI. Forty-two SCI patients were included in this retrospective case-control study, and the analysis was carried out using an electronic data retrieval system. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups with the same demographic and medical characteristics: the control group (CG: 21 patients) participated in traditional therapy, whereas the experimental group (EG: 21 patients) received training using semi-immersive VR. In both groups, there were patients with A- or B-grade impairments according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale. Both study groups underwent the same amount of cognitive training (but using a different type of training: conventional vs. innovative), consisting of three weekly sessions for eight weeks (24 sessions in total), each session lasting approximately sixty minutes, as well as the same amount of physiotherapy. The effect of the two treatments (EG/CG) was significantly different in global cognitive functioning (MOCA: p = 0.001), mood (BDI: p = 0.006), and overall quality of life (SF12 Total: p < 0.001), especially in physical perception (SF12-Physics: p = 0.004). Our results suggest that SCI patients could benefit from cognitive training using semi-immersive VR. Indeed, the integration of cognitive exercises that require movement and provide increased feedback could allow for better motor and cognitive recovery in people with SCI.
Training End Users To Compute: Cognitive, Motivational And Social Issues

AbstractAlthough the contribution of effective training of users towards the success of enduse computing (EUG) has been acknowledged by both practitioners and researchers in MIS, very little research has been conducted in the area. Gonsequently, adequate guidelines do not exist for developing effective training procedures. Research findings in such disciplines as educational psychology and cognitive science are relevant to training issues and can be adapted to the design of EUG training.This paper utilizes an integrated training/learning framework developed by Bostrom et al. (1987) to prescribe guidelines for EUG training. The framework proposes two training outcomes: that users form accurate initial mental models of the system and that they have motivation to use the system. In addition, organizational social support is considered essential to foster continued learning. Each dimension is discussed in detail and prescriptions are proposed which are illustrated through examples and supported by research fi.
China’s CO2 Emissions: A Thorough Analysis of Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Sustainable Policy from the Agricultural Land-Use Perspective during 1995–2020

Agricultural land use is an important source of CO2 emissions. Therefore, taking the CO2 emissions of China’s agricultural land use during 1995–2020 as a case, we firstly calculated its composition and analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics. Then, the Tapio decoupling model and logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) were, respectively, used to identify the decoupling relationship between the CO2 emission change and economic growth, and analyze the driving factors for CO2 emissions. (1) The CO2 emissions of China’s agricultural land use were composed of two main phases (fluctuating growth phase (1995–2015) and rapid decline phase (2016–2020)). The total CO2 emissions exhibited a non-equilibrium spatial distribution. The inter-provincial CO2 emissions differences first expanded and then shrank, but the inter-provincial differences of CO2 emissions intensity continuously decreased. (2) The total CO2 emissions of China’s agricultural land use increased from 50.443 Mt in 1995 to 79.187 Mt in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 1.82%. Fertilizer, agricultural diesel and agricultural (plastic) film were the main sources of anthropogenic agricultural-land-use CO2 emissions. Controlling the use of fertilizer and agricultural diesel and improving the utilization efficiency of agricultural (plastic) film could be an effective way to reduce CO2 emissions. (3) The Tapio decoupling relationship between the CO2 emission change and economic growth was a weak decoupling state during 1995–2015 and a strong decoupling state during 2016–2020. This result indicates that China’s agricultural land use can be effectively controlled. (4) The agricultural economic level is the decisive factor in promoting CO2 emissions increase, and its cumulative contribution was 476.09%. Inversely, the CO2 emission intensity, agricultural structure and agricultural labor force were three key factors, with cumulative contributions of −189.51%, −16.86% and −169.72%, respectively. Collectively, based on the findings obtained from the present research, we have proposed some suggestions to promote the sustainable use of agriculture lands in China.
The dynamics of double-diffusive gravity currents

Gravity currents or intrusions for which the fluid within the current contains a substance that gives it a diffusivity different from that of its surroundings are very common both in natural and technological applications. The interface between the two fluids can become the site of either a ‘fingering’ or a ‘diffusive’ type of instability, and vigorous convection and material exchange occurs (Turner 1975). This transfer of material has several important effects upon the dynamics of the intrusion. Horizontal momentum can be transferred across the interface to create a stress which in many cases dominates the more conventional viscous stresses. Entrainment into the convective plume beneath the intrusion and, in a container of finite depth, the formation of a secondary, bottom-boundary current, creates a flow external to the main intrusion which modifies its behaviour even more. Two cases have been studied: the release of a fixed volume of fluid and the injection of fluid at a constant rate for both types of interface. Several experiments on the motion of an intrusion for which the interface is essentially non-diffusive are presented for comparison.
PERTURBATION THEORY FOR THIRD-ORDER NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM WITH DAMPING

A third-order nonlinear dieren tial system modeling damped oscillatory process is considered. A perturbation method is developed based on the Krylov- Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii method to nd approximate solution of a damped nonlin- ear system. The method is illustrated by an example. For dieren t damping forces, the solution shows a good agreement with numerical solution and gives better results than Bojadziev's (9) solution.
Some Observations on Orbits of Driftless Bilinear Systems

The report explores questions of orbits and controllability in driftless bilinear systems. Motivated by the Lie algebra rank approach to controllability, several results pertaining to orbit size and structure are presented. In particular, the prominence of invariant subspaces to system matrices is examined and a necessary condition for controllability is given. The condition is shown to be sufficient if and only if the system is two-dimensional. Finally, a particular class of driftless systems is explored and a graph-theoretic criterion for determining controllability of the systems in that class is given. Such a criterion is easily implementable as an algorithm of quadratic complexity.
Streamlining Food Effect Assessment — Are Repeated Food Effect Studies Needed? An IQ Analysis

Current regulatory guidelines on drug-food interactions recommend an early assessment of food effect to inform clinical dosing instructions, as well as a pivotal food effect study on the to-be-marketed formulation if different from that used in earlier trials. Study waivers are currently only granted for BCS class 1 drugs. Thus, repeated food effect studies are prevalent in clinical development, with the initial evaluation conducted as early as the first-in-human studies. Information on repeated food effect studies is not common in the public domain. The goal of the work presented in this manuscript from the Food Effect PBPK IQ Working Group was to compile a dataset on these studies across pharmaceutical companies and provide recommendations on their conduct. Based on 54 studies collected, we report that most of the repeat food effect studies do not result in meaningful differences in the assessment of the food effect. Seldom changes observed were more than twofold. There was no clear relationship between the change in food effect and the formulation change, indicating that in most cases, once a compound is formulated appropriately within a specific formulation technology, the food effect is primarily driven by inherent compound properties. Representative examples of PBPK models demonstrate that following appropriate validation of the model with the initial food effect study, the models can be applied to future formulations. We recommend that repeat food effect studies should be approached on a case-by-case basis taking into account the totality of the evidence including the use of PBPK modeling.
Rudiments of a Theory of Aether

This is the talk delivered via internet at the 16 th Annual Conference held by the Natural Philosophy Alliance (NPA) in May, 2009, and presented under the title “Have You Done Experiments in Fluid Mechanics Lately? ”. I now make it available to those interested in the aether because it contains in one document the most important ideas that together form, I think, the rudiments of a rational and consistent theory of the aether. At the top of each page are the slides shown at the conference followed below by the transcript of the verbal explanations. When the transcript was longer that the space under the slide, the slide was repeated on the next page and the transcript continued. The experiment referred to in the talk, showing the role played by the intervening medium (water) in the attractions and repulsions between two cylinders rotating in it can be viewed on YouTube as it has been recently uploaded on that site.
Sur le nombre d'éléments des niveaux des produits de chaînes et des treillis permutoèdres

Les produits de chaines comptent parmi les ensembles (partiellement) ordonnes les plus frequemment rencontres. On rappelle, avec des demonstrations en partie nouvelles, divers resultats exacts ou approches sur les cardinaux de leurs niveaux et sur le nombre de ses niveaux de cardinal maximum. Un plongement avec de bonnes proprietes permet d'appliquer ces resultats aux niveaux du permutoedre (ordre faible de Bruhat sur les permutations
Persistence and dissipation of pretilachlor in soil, plant and water of coastal rice ecosystem

Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to study the persistence and dissipation of pretilachlor in soil, straw and flood water. In soil, pretilachlor at 0.75 kg/ha dissipated to below detectable level (BDL) within 30 days after application (DAA) when applied along with green leaf manure, while in other treatments viz., pretilachlor at 0.75, 1.5 kg/ha alone and gypsum + pretilachlor at 1.5 kg/ha persisted up to 45 DAA (DAA). In the case of plant, pretilachlor at 0.75 kg/ha dissipated to below detectable limit at 30 DAA, while 1.5 kg/ha persisted up to 60 DAA. Irrespective of the treatments, pretilachlor dissipated to below detectable limit at 10 DAA in flood water. The half-life of pretilachlor varied from 3.9–10.0, 3.48. 5, 0.87–1.52 days for soil, rice plant and flood water, respectively.
An iteration approach for structural non-probabilistic reliability analysis based on hyper-ellipsoidal models

This paper investigates the iteration algorithms for the non-probabilistic reliability analysis of structures using hyper-ellipsoidal models of uncertainties.For the purpose of alleviating the convergence difficulties of the reliability index calculation in presence of highly nonlinear limit-state functions,the paper proposed a criterion for detecting Zig-zag iterations and a modified iteration scheme based on the HL-RF algorithm.The numerical example demonstrates the validity and efficiency of the present method.The proposed techniques are also shown to be capable of improving the iteration convergence in evaluating the non-probabilistic reliability index.
Dufour and Soret Effects on Convection Heat and Mass Transfer in an Electrical Conducting Power Law Flow over a Heated Porous Plate

In this paper, the influence of thermal and thermo diffusion on convection heat and mass transfer in an electrically conducting power law flow over a heated porous plate in the presence of magnetic field has been considered. The similarity solution is used to transform the system of partial differential equations into a boundary value problem of coupled ordinary differential equations. Runge Kutta of sixth order has been used along with a shooting method for better accuracy. The results were presented as velocity, temperature, and concentration fields for pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids for different values of the embedded flow parameters. The results are presented graphically and the conclusion is drawn that the flow field and other quantities of physical interests are significantly influenced by these parameters.
Factorization of AP weights

W Wl(W2)l P where w1, w2 e Al. A weaker version of the above theorem appears in a paper of Coifman and Rochberg [3]. The proof of the theorem fills the remaining sections of this paper. Before turning to that proof, we cite some corollaries. Let M denote the classical Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator. If w e Al condition (1.2) shows w(x) ? Mw(x) ? Cw(x) a.e. dx 0003-486X/80/0111-3/0511/020 $ 01.00/1 ? 1980 by Princeton University (Mathematics Department) For copying information, see inside back cover. * Supported in part by NSF Grant MCS 7905036.
Influence of Different Drying Methods on Anthocyanins Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Pericarps and LC-MS Analysis of the Active Extract

Mangosteen pericarps (MP) often end up as agricultural waste despite being rich in powerful natural antioxidants such as anthocyanins and xanthones. This study compared the effect of different drying processes and times on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of MP. Fresh MP were subjected to 36 and 48 h of freeze-drying (−44 ± 1 °C) and oven-drying (45 ± 1 °C), and 30 and 40 h of sun-drying (31 ± 3 °C). The samples were analyzed for anthocyanins composition, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activities, and color characteristics. Analysis of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with electrospray ionization identified two anthocyanins in MP: cyanidin-3-O-sophoroside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Overall, the drying process, time, and their interactions significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities, and color in MP extracts. Both freeze-drying after 36 h (FD36) and 48 h (FD48) possessed significantly (p < 0.05) higher total anthocyanins (2.1–2.2 mg/g) than other samples. However, FD36 was associated with significantly (p < 0.05) higher TPC (~94.05 mg GAE/g), TFC (~621.00 mg CE/g), and reducing power (~1154.50 μmol TE/g) compared to FD48. Moreover, FD36 is more efficient for industrial applications due to less time and energy consumption. Subsequently, obtained dried MP extracts could be further utilized as an alternative to synthetic food colorants.
Time Machine: Generative Real-Time Model for Failure (and Lead Time) Prediction in HPC Systems

High Performance Computing (HPC) systems generate a large amount of unstructured/alphanumeric log messages that capture the health state of their components. Due to their design complexity, HPC systems often undergo failures that halt applications (e.g., weather prediction, aerodynamics simulation) execution. However, existing failure prediction methods, which typically seek to extract some information theoretic features, fail to scale both in terms of accuracy and prediction speed, limiting their adoption in real-time production systems. In this paper, differently from existing work and inspired by current transformer-based neural networks which have revolutionized the sequential learning in the natural language processing (NLP) tasks, we propose a novel scalable log-based, self-supervised model (i.e., no need for manual labels), called Time Machine 11A Time Machine allows us to travel into the future to observe the health state of HPC system and report back. Here, we travel into the log extension to report an upcoming failure. , that predicts (i) forthcoming log events (ii) the upcoming failure and its location and (iii) the expected lead time to failure. Time Machine is designed by combining two stacks of transformer-decoders, each employing the self-attention mechanism. The first stack addresses the failure location by predicting the sequence of log events and then identifying if a failure event is part of that sequence. The lead time to predicted failure is addressed by the second stack. We evaluate Time Machine on four real-world HPC log datasets and compare it against three state-of-the-art failure prediction approaches. Results show that Time Machine significantly outperforms the related works on Bleu, Rouge, MCC, and F1-score in predicting forthcoming events, failure location, failure lead-time, with higher prediction speed.
Experimental Study on the Effects of Waves and Current on Ice Melting

Ice melting plays a crucial role in ocean circulation and global climate. Laboratory experiments were used to study the dynamic mechanisms of the influence of waves and currents on ice melting. The results showed that under near stable air temperature and water temperature conditions, the ice melting rate was significantly greater with waves than that without waves, as well as the higher the wave height, the greater the melting rate. This is related to the increase in the contact area between ice and water by waves. Further research was carried out to observe the flow field at different locations on the ice bottom, ice sides, and behind the ice by particle image velocimetry (PIV) and dyeing experiments. At different flow velocities, the changes in the side melting rate and bottom melting rate were not the same. Meltwater is attached to the bottom in the form of plume at low background flow velocity, which leads to the slowness of the heat exchange between the ice with a higher ambient temperature. Therefore, the melting of the ice bottom and the ice side were slower at low flow velocity. At high background flow velocity, there is strong shear instability and vortex at the ice bottom and behind the ice. The dissipation and mixing effects caused by vortices accelerate the melting of the ice bottom and the ice back. The thermodynamic factors, such as air temperature and water temperature, had significant impacts in the experiments. Further research needs to improve the accuracy of temperature control of experimental equipment. Computational fluid dynamics and sensitive tests of numerical simulation may also be carried out on ice melting.
Intense terahertz field effects on photoexcited carrier dynamics in gated graphene

We study nonlinear effects of intense terahertz (THz) field on photoexcited carrier dynamics in gated monolayer graphene. By employing optical-pump/intense-THz-probe spectroscopy on lightly doped graphene, we observe a crossover from negative to positive photo-induced THz differential transmission as the THz probe field is increased. We attribute this qualitative change in the response to a crossover from a regime where the photo-induced increase in the carrier density dominates the differential response to one where a THz-field-induced increase in the scattering rate dominates.