Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-guided seldinger technique-assisted submental intubation for panfacial trauma—walking off the beaten path

Introduction: After introduction of ultrasound, there is paradigm shift towards under vision performance of procedures in anaesthesia. Blind puncture and dissection of submental space may lead to vascular injury and injury to salivary glands. We describe the ultrasound guided Seldinger technique assisted submental intubation for panfacial trauma. Methodology: Modified ultrasound guided Seldinger technique for submental intubation in 10 patients, who were posted for open reduction and fixation of panfacial fractures. Total procedural time, peri-procedural complications such as bleeding, dislodgment of tube, desaturation and postoperative complications such as injury to sublingual glands/submandibular glands, hematoma, cheloid or hypertrophic scar formation or skin site infection were noted. Results: The mean time to perform submental intubation was 8.9 ± 0.94 minutes (range, 8-11 minutes). Only one patient had minor bleeding during procedure which was stopped after local application of pressure. All patients had a clean scar with no formation of cheloid or hypertrophic scar in the postoperative follow up. Conclusion: Ultrasound assisted submental intubation increases safety of the procedure in patients presenting with maxilla-facial trauma.
Need Asseesment on Maternal Mental Health Care for Perinatal Mothers during COVID-19: A Qualitative Study

Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, the isolation, socialization, and extreme changes in daily life have some potential mental health consequences which should be recognized as a critical public health concern, especially for perinatal mothers. Therefore, it is very important to assess the needs for maternal mental health care in perinatal mothers during COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to explore mothers' needs for maternal mental health care in the perinatal period during COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: Realistic phenomenological approach was carried out in this qualitative study. The study was conducted at five community health centers in the city of Tangerang, Indonesia. In-depth interviews were conducted to 11 mothers who were pregnant, in labor, during puerperium and two months after giving birth with purposive sampling. Data were collected from May to August 2021. Interviews were conducted face to face, audio recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed by using Van Manen's phenomenological method. Result: Initial finding revealed 254 codes, which were then reduced to 122 codes, 98 sub-categories, 22 categories, and 5 themes. There were five themes related to mothers' needs for mental health care during COVID-19, i.e., health protocol during pandemic, psychological support, health education, simple coping mechanism, and support system. Conclusions: The needs can be fulfilled by the closest people the mothers have and healthcare system for perinatal mental health. Vaccination, health protocol, and psychological resilience should be delivered to mothers during COVID-19.
Prospects for Infrared Quantum Gravity: From Cosmology to Black Holes

PROSPECTS FOR INFRARED QUANTUM GRAVITY: FROM COSMOLOGY TO BLACK HOLES SEPTEMBER 2016 BASEM MAHMOUD EL-MENOUFI B.Sc., THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO M.Sc., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor John F. Donoghue Although perturbatively non-renormalizable, general relativity is a perfectly valid quantum theory at low energies. Treated as an effective field theory one is able to make genuine quantum predictions by applying the conventional rules of quantum field theory. The low energy degrees of freedom and couplings of quantum gravity are fully dictated by the symmetries of general relativity. To realize the full EFT treatment one has to supplement the theory with experimental input necessary to fix the Wilson coefficients of the most general Lagrangian. In spite of the fact that this is not feasible, one can still extract the leading quantum corrections which are precisely induced by the low-energy fluctuations of the massless graviton. The longdistance portion of loops is non-analytic in momentum space or equivalently non-local in position space. In this thesis we are going to study the construction, properties and phenomenology of these non-local effects.
Improving Nurses’ Knowledge, Practice, and Self-Efficacy Regarding Caring Patients with Tuberculosis: A Quasi-Experimental Design

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) control depends on healthcare professionals 'knowledge, practice, and self-efficacy when managing high-risk groups. So the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured educational program in improving nurses' knowledge, practice, and self-efficacy in caring for patients with TB. Material and Methods: A pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design was conducted on 36 nurses at Chest hospital Al Masah al Bahri in port said city and the Chest Hospital in Damietta City, Egypt. Data were collected using three self-administered questionnaires to assess knowledge, practice, and self-efficacy by using convenience sampling from March to August 2019. Data analyses were done by using a paired t-test, a Student t-test, and an F-test analysis of variance. Results: Based on data related to the two groups before and after the study in knowledge, practice (t = 8.27, p < 0.001), and self-efficacy (t = 28.91, p < 0.001), there was a significant difference between knowledge and overall knowledge scores (t=14, p < 0.001). Mean scores were significantly increased for practice items about the nursing role in medication, directed observed therapy, and the overall practice score; and for self-efficacy, which increased from 27.58 to 37.86 (p = <0.001). The results indicate that nurses' knowledge, practice, and self-efficacy were enhanced by the implementation of the educational program. Conclusions: There is scope for development in knowledge, practice, and self-efficacy using the educational program among nurses. Training programs must be implemented in quality control to aid nurses in realizing the significance of information in reducing disease and death and enhancing the quality of care.
Preoperative ultrasound evaluation of gastric contents in children one hour after ingestion of clear liquid: An observational study

Background: Gastric ultrasound is an effective, non-invasive method to assess the nature and volume of gastric content in the pediatric population. Recently, the UK, European, and French Pediatric Anesthesia Societies recommend fast for clear fluids in children for 1 h. However, studies showing that 1 h of fasting is safe in the pediatric population are still scarce. This study aims to verify by ultrasound evaluation if 1 h of fasting for clear liquids is sufficient to have an empty stomach before anesthetic induction. Methodology: Patients between 11 months and 16 years of age scheduled for elective outpatient surgery were included. A qualitative and quantitative ultrasound evaluation was performed by calculating the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum, 1 h after ingesting a volume of 3 mL/kg of a non-carbonated sports drink, before anesthetic induction. Results: Fifty patients were included. The average CSA measured by ultrasound was 2.85 ± 1.64 cm2 with an average calculated total volume of 12.9 ± 11.06 mL. All patients had an empty stomach criterion (calculated volume ≤1.5 mL/kg) during the ultrasound evaluation, with an average of 0.40 ± 0.23 mL/kg. With the qualitative assessment of gastric volume, 19 patients (38%) were classified as grade 0, 31 patients (62%) as grade 1, and none as grade 2. Conclusion: One hour of fasting after ingestion of 3 mL/kg of a non-carbonated sports drink is sufficient to meet ultrasound criteria for an empty stomach in a pediatric population undergoing elective outpatient surgery.
Comparative evaluation of zinc oxide-eugenol and zinc oxide with Neem oil in root canal treatment of primary teeth: Split-mouth study with 12 months follow-up

Background: Various root canal filling materials are used to preserve pulp tissue involved carious the primary tooth. A single material that fulfills all the requirements of an ideal root canal filling material for primary teeth is yet unavailable. Hence, this study was initiated to evaluate clinically and radiographically, the efficacy of two obturating materials – zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and zinc oxide mixed with Neem oil (ZON) for 12 months. Aims: To assess the success rate of a mixture of zinc oxide and neem oil in comparison to zinc oxide-eugenol paste, as an obturating material in primary molars. To compare the efficacy of ZON as an obturating material at the various time interval of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Materials and methods: This split-mouth, double-blind study was performed on 24 children aged 5–7 years, who presented with bilaterally infected primary molars. Total 48 infected primary molars were divided into two groups for pulpectomy followed by obturation with ZOE and ZON, respectively. Randomization with the chit-pick method, for the control and experimental drug, was performed. A follow-up for 12 months was performed. The Chi-square test was used for inter-group comparison and the Z test was used for the analysis of data over a period of time. Results: Overall clinical findings in this study revealed 91.7% results in ZOE compared with 100% results in the ZON group. The radiographical findings revealed 91.7% results in ZOE compared with 100% success in the ZON group. Conclusion: ZON demonstrated excellent effectiveness as an obturating material in the 12-month follow-up period as compared to ZOE in primary teeth. The efficacy elicited in this study could be a basis to recommend ZON as herbal alternative obturation material.
Clinical experience with the use of inhaled isopropyl alcohol to treat nausea and vomiting: A narrative review

Isopropyl alcohol (IA) is a colorless, flammable organic compound that has been used in the manufacturing process of a wide variety of industrial and household chemicals. Inhalation of its vapor has been noted to potentially have antiemetic effects, which may be useful in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However, given the varied study protocols and endpoints assessing its efficacy as antiemetic, clinical trials have yielded mixed results. If effective, inhalation of IA may be a cost-effective, readily available, and inexpensive therapy that can be used for the treatment of PONV with a low risk of adverse effects. The following narrative review explores the available information regarding the mechanism of action of IA in treating PONV, presents clinical information including possible mechanism of action and clinical applications, and reviews the published literature on its efficacy to treat nausea and vomiting with a focus on its use postoperatively. While early studies suggested that inhaled IA may be successful for the short-term treatment of PONV compared with placebo, subsequent studies both in and out of the operating room (OR) have reported conflicting results. In general, studies in the perioperative setting have provided some evidence to support the use of inhaled IA in alleviating or reducing the severity of PONV in adults. In particular, inhaled IA may have a more rapid onset compared with traditional antiemetic agents, but the clinical effect has generally been found to be short-lived. The results outside of the OR and perioperative setting have been somewhat more favorable, generally showing that inhaled IA reduces nausea and vomiting of various etiologies in adults in the emergency department setting. Similarly, it has been shown to reduce the need for rescue antiemetic agents in this area and thus may be considered a cost-cutting strategy with no reported adverse effects. The available literature suggests that inhaled IA may be considered a potential therapy to achieve rapid relief of PONV and assist in the management of nausea and vomiting in adult patients outside of the perioperative setting. There remain insufficient data to determine how inhaled IA may impact PONV in children. Given the mixed results and the limitations of the current studies, additional data are needed to draw firm conclusions regarding the utility of inhaled IA.
Incidence of refractive surprise after phacoemulsification in patients of cataract with primary pterygium

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to find the incidence of refractive surprise in patients of cataract with primary pterygium and compare it with patients of cataract without pterygium after phacoemulsification surgery. METHODS: The present observational study included 30 patients who had cataract with pterygium and 30 patients of cataract without pterygium. A detailed ophthalmic examination was done in all the cases. Horizontal corneal encroachment of pterygium from the limbus was measured. Keratometry and biometric measurements were performed preoperatively to determine the target refraction which was kept between − 0.50D and + 0.50D. The achieved spherical equivalent (SE) and prediction error were calculated postoperatively. A difference of >± 1.00D SE from the targeted postoperative refraction was considered a refractive surprise. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 61 ± 8.32 years. The mean extension of pterygium on the cornea was 2.3 ± 0.91 mm. Refractive surprise was seen in 16.7% of cases of cataract with pterygium and 10% of cases of cataract without pterygium. CONCLUSION: Only cataract surgery can be performed in patient having cataract with primary pterygium of up to 2.3 ± 0.91 mm horizontal corneal length, and the incidence of refractive surprise in these cases is comparable to that in patients of cataract without pterygium.
A Non‐Bayesian Theory of State‐Dependent Utility

Many decision situations involve two or more of the following divergences from subjective expected utility: imprecision of beliefs (or ambiguity), imprecision of tastes (or multi‐utility), and state dependence of utility. This paper proposes and characterizes a model of uncertainty averse preferences that can simultaneously incorporate all three phenomena. The representation supports a principled separation of (imprecise) beliefs and (potentially state‐dependent, imprecise) tastes. Moreover, the representation permits comparative statics separating the roles of beliefs and tastes, and is modular: it easily delivers special cases involving various combinations of the phenomena, as well as state‐dependent multi‐utility generalizations covering popular ambiguity models.
Improved Simple Question Answering over Wikidata

In Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA), the goal is to answer natural language questions over knowledge graphs. Many previous works focused on question answering over Freebase, which support was cancelled in 2015. Instead, we further investigate question answering over the full Wikidata Knowledge Graph and propose a pipeline for question answering over Wikidata. We focus on simple questions, which are questions that can be answered with a SPARQL query that only uses a single triple. Still, our approach is principally not limited to simple questions and could be extended for complex questions. Given a natural language question, our pipeline generates a set of query candidates, ranks them according to collected features and takes the results of the highest ranked query as the answer to the question. One main focus of our work is the relation matching, where we propose a relation scorer based on the Sentence-BERT architecture for fast and accurate matching. We also discuss the quality of existing question answering datasets for Wikidata and experiment with generating additional questions from Wikipedia articles for fine-tuning. We evaluate our pipeline on three different benchmarks, achieving good results on each. On the SimpleQuestions-Wikidata benchmark, our pipeline achieves an accuracy of 0.816.
Exploring Past and Future Distributions of the Rare Appalachian Oak Fern Using MaxEnt Modeling

Abstract. Anthropogenic climate change is projected to have an especially negative impact on the survival of plants that are dependent on limited microclimatic refugia or that already reside at their climatic extreme. Gymnocarpium appalachianum is a narrowly endemic fern restricted to cold mountaintops and algific vents in the central and southern Appalachian region of eastern North America. It is the much rarer of the two documented diploid parents of the circumboreal allotetraploid G. dryopteris––one of the most widespread fern species on the planet. Gymnocarpium appalachianum is a good case study for forecasting how evolutionarily significant, but rare, species might survive on a warming planet. We utilize an ecological niche modeling approach (MaxEnt) to explore the projected distribution of G. appalachianum under past (Last Glacial Maximum) and future climate models. All known verified herbarium records of G. appalachianum were georeferenced, for a total of 70 occurrence points. Nineteen standard bioclimatic variables extracted from WorldClim were used to model near-current climate projections; representative concentration pathways (RCPs 2.6 and 8.5) were used for future climate projections (2070). The temperature annual range, mean temperature of warmest quarter, precipitation of driest month, precipitation of coldest quarter, and mean diurnal range were identified as the key variables for shaping the distribution of G. appalachianum. An unanticipated result from our analyses is that G. appalachianum has past and current projected habitat suitability in Alaska. Because this overlaps with the current range of G. disjunctum, the other diploid parent of G. dryopteris, it suggests a possible region of origin for this circumboreal tetraploid descendent of G. appalachianum––a research avenue to be pursued in the future. Our study envisions a dire fate for G. appalachianum; its survival will likely require an urgent contingency plan that includes human-mediated population relocation to cooler, northern locations. Understanding the long-term sustainability of narrowly endemic plants such as G. appalachianum is critical in decisions about their management and conservation.
Continuous Time Modeling with Criminological Panel Data: An Application to the Longitudinal Association between Victimization and Offending

Background : Criminological research shows that there is nearly always a strong and positive association between delinquency and being a victim of crime. This so-called victim-offender overlap is one of the most consistent and best documented findings in criminology. However, examinations using longitudinal panel data are rather scarce. Previous analyses based on latent growth and cross-lagged panel models showed that the developments of victimization and offending are parallel processes that expose similar stability and mutual influence over the period of adolescence and early adulthood (Erdmann & Reinecke, 2018). Objectives : The present study examines the relationship between victimization and of-fending over the phase of adolescence and emerging adulthood. The focus is on the application of continuous time dynamic modeling and on comparing results using data from the criminological panel study Crime in the Modern City . For the present analyses, seven consecutive panel waves are used that contain information about German adolescents from the age of 14 to 20 years. Approach : The relationship between victimization and offending is analyzed by con - tinuous time structural equation modeling using the R package ctsem (Driver & Voelkle, 2018, 2021). In addition to the unconditional models, relevant predictors (gender, routine activities) are considered in the conditional models. Methododological and substantive as - pects of continuous time dynamic modeling are highlighted in the discussion of the results.
Investment, Innovation, and Financial Frictions∗

We develop a framework in which firms grow by accumulating capital to scale up existing ideas or innovating to create new ideas. Empirically, we find that capital investment rates decline with size and age while innovation rates increase with size and age. Our model matches this pattern due to financial frictions; constrained firms grow by accumulating capital because of its high marginal product and collateral value, while unconstrained firms grow by innovating because they have exhausted the returns to capital. Financial frictions delay the point at which firms start innovating and therefore lower long-run growth. To the extent that ideas are non-rival, the equilibrium allocation features too little innovation and too much investment. We find that subsidizing innovation approximately corrects this allocation. Cutting taxes on investment can also raise innovation in the long run, but at the cost of lowering innovation in the short run. ∗We thank Andy Abel, Marco Bassetto, Gideon Bornstein, Jeff Buckley, Jeremy Greenwood, Erzo Luttmer, Simon Mongey, Guillermo Ordonez, Victor Rios-Rull, Pierre-Daniel Sarte, and seminar participants at the Jackson Hole Macro Conference 2023, the Penn-Wharton Brownbag, the Minneapolis Fed, the University of Wisconsin, and the Richmond Fed. We thank Samuel Stern and Erin Gibson for excellent research assistance.
A Study of Wakes Behind a Circular Cylinder at M = 5.7

The flow field behind a circular cylinder was investigated experimentally at a nominal Mach number of 5.7, over a range of Reynolds numbers from 4500 to 66,500, based on the cylinder diameter. Pitot pressure, static pressure, and total temperature were measured at various distances behind cylinders of three different diameters in order to determine the flow properties in the wake. To correlate data at different Reynolds numbers and to discriminate turbulent wakes from laminar wakes, a linearized theory for the laminar far wake was developed, which included the effects of axial pressure gradient. The transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow was also determined by computing diffusion coefficients from the velocity profiles. The transition thus determined was correlated with the results obtained from mass-diffusion measurements and hot-wire fluctuation measurements.
Can Digital Financial Inclusion Promote Women’s Labor Force Participation? Microlevel Evidence from Africa

Our study analyzes the relationship between digital financial inclusion and women’s labor force participation, as well as shedding light on the barriers to women’s digital financial inclusion. We have mobilized a microeconomic database that covers 15,192 African women. Our database is extracted from the Global Findex database, 2021 edition, based on nationally representative surveys of 29 African countries. The Probit model estimation methodology is used to examine the empirical results. Our findings reveal that financial inclusion via the digital channel is positively associated with women’s labor force participation more than the traditional channel. A significant and positive impact of formal financial services channels on the level of women’s participation in the labor market was uncovered. Our research has shown that women face a variety of obstacles when it comes to accessing financial services, both through traditional channels and digital means. These barriers include nonvoluntary obstacles in traditional financial inclusion channels. However, as a woman’s income level increases, the intensity of these barriers decreases. When it comes to digital financial inclusion, women often face a unique set of obstacles, such as the high cost of mobile financial services, lack of money, and lack of access to a cellphone. The study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the impact of digital financial inclusion on women’s labor force participation in African countries and identifying barriers that hinder women’s digital financial inclusion based on individual-level data. It suggests that African policymakers should increase women’s financial inclusion through digital channels to improve their participation in the labor market.