Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progressing the Dialogue about a Framework for Aboriginal Evaluations: Sharing Methods and Key Learnings 1

Aboriginal evaluation methodology is a relatively new construct. While much insight has been generated in recent years in relation to conducting research among Aboriginal groups, little has been generated concerning evaluation methodologies. How are Aboriginal projects evaluated, by whom and for what purpose? What do Aboriginal people want evaluated and how might this be measured? How can non-Aboriginal evaluators respond to these issues effectively and respectfully in their evaluation of Aboriginal programs? This article addresses these questions by sharing key learnings from an evaluation of an intermediate labour market program2 conducted in remote Western Australia. The evaluation used a multifaceted methodology involving interviews, art and photovoice and various techniques to increase engagement, hear the ‘voice’ of local people and ensure that findings were accessible to community members, program staff, government and other sectors. Important cultural and community factors influenced the evaluation design and subsequent implementation of the findings. Through shared reflexive practice it is hoped that this article will shape a framework for conducting effective and collaborative evaluations with aboriginal organisations and communities.
Winter always comes: social enterprise in times of crisis

Purpose This study aims to outline the importance of distinguishing between different types of societal crises and the role that plays in how social enterprises may respond to crises at hand. Design/methodology/approach Previous literature is used to distinguish between various types of societal crises discussed in the study. Social enterprise responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, economic recession and the racial uprising in the USA that all erupted at the start of the 2020 decade are explored to illustrate the need for different responses to each. Findings The origin and manifestation of crises differ in that they may have public health, natural, economic or even intentionally man-made origins. In addition, in times of crisis, social enterprises must be prepared to innovate, adapt or at least manage the effects of one or more crises on their organizations. These innovations may be social, technology or economic innovations. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to knowledge about the role and value of social enterprise as a tool for addressing societal issues. The three types of crises explored in this paper will likely reoccur and evolve to manifest in new ways. As such, it is imperative that research on the efficacy of social enterprises during times of crisis are conducted to inform practice, policy and future research. Practical implications This study aims to inform and encourage institutions, particularly social enterprises, to recognize that “winter always comes. ” Crises always happen in life and how organizations respond to such crises will differ based on the type of crisis at hand. This study particularly contributes to knowledge by emphasizing the need for social enterprises to think about both economic uncertainty and the role they play in addressing crises in the long-term, not just when they occur. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to explore the role and value of social enterprises as a tool for combatting major social crises such as racism, pandemics and recessions.
Short-Term Safety of Booster Immunization With BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers

Abstract This study demonstrated a favorable short-term safety profile after a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine among healthcare workers (HCWs). There were more frequent local reactions and less systemic reactions compared to the second dose. The HCWs who reported reactions had higher prebooster titer of anti-S1 antibodies compared to those who reported no reactions.
Lived experiences of healthcare workers on the front line during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the presence of perceived stressors, psychological safety and teamwork in healthcare professionals. As the timeframe for this study spanned the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were captured demonstrating the impact of the pandemic on these factors. Design Qualitative interview study. Setting All staff working within the emergency and critical care departments of one National Health Service Trust in London, UK. Participants Forty-nine participants were recruited using a purposive sampling technique and interviewed when the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic had subsided. Main outcome measures Evaluation of changes in perceived stressors, psychological safety and teamwork in individuals working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The thematic analysis relating to a participant’s lived experiences while working during COVID-19 led to the construction of five key themes, including ‘psychological effects’ and ‘changes in team dynamics’. Several psychological effects were described, including the presence of psychological distress and insights into the aetiology of moral injury. There was marked heterogeneity in participants’ response to COVID-19, particularly with respect to changes in team dynamics and the perception of a psychologically safe environment. Descriptions of improved team cohesiveness and camaraderie contrasted with stories of new barriers, notably due to the high workload and the impact of personal protective equipment. Building on these themes, a map of key changes arising due to the pandemic was developed, highlighting potential opportunities to provide targeted support. Conclusions Working on the front line of a pandemic can have significant implications for healthcare workers, putting them at risk of psychological distress and moral injury, as well as affecting team dynamics. There is striking heterogeneity in the manifestation of these challenges. Team leaders can use the themes and qualitative data from this study to help identify areas for management focus and individual and team support.
Lateral habenula neurocircuits mediate the maternal disruptive effect of maternal stress: A hypothesis

Up to 20% of women experience stress-related disorders during the postpartum period; however, little is known about the specific neural circuitry by which maternal stress exerts its negative impacts on mental health and maternal caregiving behavior. Theoretically, such a circuitry should serve as an interface between the stress response system and maternal neural network, transmitting stress signals to the neural circuitry that mediates maternal behavior. In this paper, I propose that the lateral habenula (LHb) serves this interface function. Evidence shows that the LHb plays a key role in encoding stress-induced effects and in the pathophysiology of major depression and stress-related anxiety, and thus may play a role in maternal behavior as part of the maternal brain network. I hypothesize that maternal stress acts upon the LHb and two of its major downstream targets, i.e., ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), compromising the maternal care and contributing to postpartum mental disorders. This hypothesis makes three predictions: (1) maternal stress enhances LHb neuronal activity; (2) activation of DRN- and VTA-projecting neurons in the LHb mimics the detrimental effects of maternal stress on maternal behavior; and (3) suppression of DRN- and VTA-projecting neurons in the LHb attenuates the detrimental effects of maternal stress on maternal care in stressed mothers. Confirmation of this hypothesis is expected to enhance our understanding of the neurocircuit mechanisms mediating stress effects on maternal behavior.
Modulation of Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Prostaglandins by Components Contained in Kidney Microsomal Preparations

In the kidney, prostaglandins formed by cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) play an important role in regulating renal blood flow. In the present study, we report our observations regarding a unique modulatory effect of renal microsomal preparation on COX-1/2-mediated formation of major prostaglandin (PG) products in vitro. We found that microsomes prepared from pig and rat kidneys had a dual stimulatory–inhibitory effect on the formation of certain PG products catalyzed by COX-1 and COX-2. At lower concentrations, kidney microsomes stimulated the formation of certain PG products, whereas at higher concentrations, their presence inhibited the formation. Presence of kidney microsomes consistently increased the Km values of the COX-1/2-mediated reactions, while the Vmax might be increased or decreased depending on stimulation or inhibition observed. Experimental evidence was presented to show that a protein component present in the pig kidney microsomes was primarily responsible for the activation of the enzyme-catalyzed arachidonic acid metabolism leading to the formation of certain PG products.
Immunogenicity of a Candidate DTacP-sIPV Combined Vaccine and Its Protection Efficacy against Pertussis in a Rhesus Macaque Model

The research and development of a pertussis-combined vaccine using a novel inactivated poliovirus vaccine made from the Sabin strain (sIPV) is of great significance in the polio eradication project and to address the recent resurge in pertussis. In the present study, we compared the immunogenicity and efficacy of a candidate DTacP-sIPV with those of a commercial DTacP-wIPV/Hib, DTaP/Hib, pertussis vaccine, and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant control in the rhesus macaque model with a 0-, 1-, and 2-month immunization schedule. At day 28 after the third dose, rhesus macaques were challenged with aerosol pertussis and the antibody and cellular response together with pertussis clinical symptoms were determined. The production of anti-PT, anti-PRN, anti-FHA, anti-DT, anti-TT, and polio type I, II, III antibodies was induced by the candidate DTacP-sIPV, which was as potent as commercial vaccines. In comparison with the control group that showed typical pertussis symptoms of humans after the aerosol challenge, the DTacP-sIPV group did not exhibit obvious clinical pertussis symptoms and had higher neutralization titers of anti-PT, anti-PRN, and anti-FHA. In conclusion, the DTacP-sIPV vaccine was able to induce immunity in rhesus macaques to prevent pertussis infections after immunization. The developed vaccine was as efficient as other commercial vaccines.
Thermophoretic particle deposition and heat generation analysis of Newtonian nanofluid flow through magnetized Riga plate

The Riga surface is composed of an electromagnetic actuator that comprises a span‐wise associated array of discontinuous electrodes and an everlasting magnet mounted over a planer surface. The electro‐magneto‐hydrodynamic has an attractive role in thermal reactors, fluidics network flow, liquid chromatography, and micro coolers. Inspired by these applications, a laminar, two‐dimensional nanofluid flow with uniform heat sink‐source, thermophoretic depositions of the particles, and the Newtonian heating effect are investigated. The equations that describe the fluid motion are reduced into a system of ordinary differential equations with the help of spatial similarity variables. Numeric solutions of ordinary differential equations are executed through the Runge–Kutta–Felhberg 45 order technique via a shooting scheme. The role of various nondimensional factors on physically interesting quantities is elaborated graphically. The velocity profile rises for modified Hartmann number and decreases for porosity parameter. Thermal enhancement is high in the common wall temperature condition comparative to the case of the Newtonian heating conditions. The concentration profile is enhanced with Schmidt number, but the reverse trend is observed for the thermophoretic parameter. The rate of mass transfer is increased with Schmidt number.
The Impact of Bisphenol A on Thyroid Function in Neonates and Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical widely used in plastic products that may have an adverse effect on several physiologic functions in children. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current knowledge of the impact of BPA concentrations on thyroid function in neonates, children, and adolescents. Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Clinical Trials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases according to PRISMA guidelines was performed. Only case–control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies that assessed the relationship between Bisphenol A and thyroid function in neonates and children aged <18 years were included. Initially, 102 articles were assessed, which were restricted to 73 articles after exclusion of duplicates. A total of 73 articles were assessed by two independent researchers based on the title/abstract and the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the eligibility criteria, 18 full-text articles were selected for further assessment. Finally, 12 full-text articles were included in the present systematic review. Results: The presented studies offer data that suggest a negative correlation of BPA concentrations with TSH in children, a gender-specific manner of action, and a potential effect on proper neurodevelopment. However, the results are inconclusive with respect to specific thyroid hormone concentrations and the effect on thyroid autoimmunity. Conclusion: The potential negative effect of BPA in the developing thyroid gland of children that may affect proper neurodevelopment, suggesting the need to focus future research on designing studies that elucidate the underlying mechanisms and the effects of BPA in thyroid function in early life.
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Plantago coronopus in Northwestern Algerian coast

Mycorrhizal fungi play a major role in the functioning of ecosystems. However, their identification has remained a challenge for scientific research. This study presents the first identification report of species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of the halophyte Plantago coronopus L. in Algeria. Samples of rhizospheric soil were collected in spring 2018 at three sites in the Bomo-plage dunes west of Oran, Algeria. The spores were isolated by wet sieving, morphologically identified, and quantified. The mean spore density was 107.94 spores 100 g-1 dry soil, which is high compared to other dune ecosystems. Endomycorrhizal spore morphotypes were involved in the following Genus: Glomus, Septoglomus, Rhizophagus, Diversispora, Funneliformis, Dentiscutata, Claroideoglomus, Scutellospora, and Entrophospora, to the following Family: Glomeraceae, Gigasporaceae, Diversisporaceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, and Acaulosporaceae. The Glomeraceae was the most dominant identified family. The identification of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been shown to be essential for future programs to restore disturbed dune ecosystems.
Addressing Religion in Secular Healthcare: Existential Communication and the Post-Secular Negotiation

This article aims to understand why religion has proven difficult to address in secular healthcare, although existential communication is important for patients’ health and wellbeing. Two qualitative data samples exploring existential communication in secular healthcare were analyzed following Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, leading to the development of the analytical constructs of ‘the secular’ and ‘the non-secular’. The differentiation of the secular and the non-secular as different spheres for the individual to be situated in offers a nuanced understanding of the physician–patient meeting, with implications for existential communication. We conceptualize the post-secular negotiation as the attempt to address the non-secular through secular activities in healthcare. Employment of the post-secular negotiation enables an approach to existential communication where the non-secular, including religion, can be addressed as part of the patients’ life without compromising the professional grounding in secular healthcare. The post-secular negotiation presents potential for further research, clinical practice, and for the benefit of patients.
A Five-Year Retrospective Study of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Southern Africa, 2014 to 2018

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDv), like other ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome viruses, has a tendency to mutate rapidly. As such, available vaccines may not confer enough cross-protection against incursion of new lineages and sublineages. This paper is a retrospective study to determine the topotypes/lineages that caused previous FMD outbreaks in 6 southern African countries and the efficacy of the current vaccines to protect cattle against them. A total of 453 bovine epithelial tissue samples from 33 FMD outbreaks that occurred in these countries from 2014 to 2018 were investigated for the presence of FMDv. The genetic diversity of the identified Southern African Type (SAT)-FMD viruses was determined by comparing sequences from outbreaks and historical prototype sequences. Of the 453 samples investigated, 176 were positive for four FMDv serotypes. Out of the 176 FMD positive cases there were 105 SAT2 samples, 32 SAT1 samples, 21 SAT3 samples, and 18 serotype O samples. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the SATs VP1 gene sequences into previously observed topotypes in southern Africa. SAT1 viruses were from topotypes I and III, SAT2 viruses belonged to topotypes I, II, III, and IV, and SAT3 viruses were of topotypes I and II. Vaccine matching studies on the field FMDv isolates produced r1-values greater than or equal to 0.3 for the three SAT serotypes. This suggests that there is no significant antigenic difference between current SAT FMD vaccine strains and the circulating SAT serotypes. Therefore, the vaccines are still fit-purpose for the control FMD in the region. The study did not identify incursion of any new lineages/topotypes of FMD into the sampled southern African countries.
The importance of congruence between stakeholder prosocial motivation and CSR attributions: effects on stakeholders’ donations and sense-making of prosocial identities

ABSTRACT Stakeholders’ support is of vital importance to the success of many corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. This study investigates the role of CSR communication in facilitating donation and generating positive attitudes towards corporations, by examining the interaction between stakeholders’ personal prosocial motivations of supporting CSR programs and their attributions of the corporations’ motives behind CSR. An online 2 × 2 factorial experiment with 373 participants found that personal belief-based altruistic motivations and the perceived social corporate motive will lead to the generalization of personal and organizational prosocial identities, stakeholders’ identification with the corporation, and their positive attitude towards the corporation. The findings also attested to the interaction effect between stakeholders’ prosocial motivations and the perceived CSR attributions on subsequent participation in stakeholder-support CSR programs. This study contributed to the existing CSR literature by revealing how corporate factors interact with personal factors to influence CSR outcomes and enriched our understanding of how stakeholder-support CSR programs could benefit for-profit and non-profit sectors at the same time.
Disruption of Glycolysis, TCA Cycle, Respiratory Chain, Calcium and Iron Homeostasis in Doxorubicin Induced Cardiomyopathy-An In-silico Approach

Doxorubicin is a well-known anthracycline antibiotic that is frequently used to treat a variety of malignancies. However, its clinical use is limited due to its adverse consequences, most notably cardiomyopathy. In the present work, we evaluated the molecular mechanisms behind the impairment of cardiac energetics in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. According to molecular docking, the interaction of doxorubicin with phosphofructokinase (PKF) and α-enolase is likely to negatively affect glycolysis. The interaction between doxorubicin with HMOX1 results in the accumulation of free iron. The free iron contributes to the heme-driven toxicity and the oxidizing environment that results in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production resulting from cell death. Additionally, the interaction of doxorubicin with HMOX1 impairs the availability of iron required for the Krebs cycle and ETC function. The interaction between doxorubicin and PINK1 results in a reduced membrane potential, which results in calcium accumulation. On the other hand, a lack of iron and calcium in the mitochondrial matrix results in ATP depletion, impairing the Krebs cycle activity. At the same time, the primary cause of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy is cardiac energy metabolism. Thus, our work shows that doxorubicin impairs the activity of PFK, α-enolase, HMOX1, and PINK1, resulting in ATP production failure. As a result of changes in the heart energy metabolism, this ultimately leads to dilated cardiomyopathy caused by doxorubicin. Understanding the critical function of cardiac energy metabolism in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy is critical for overcoming the obstacles that effectively limit the clinical effectiveness of this life-saving anti-cancer treatment.
Poor Adherence to Common Recommendations and Associated Factors among Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Police Hospital of Ethiopia

Introduction Poor adherence to medication and healthy lifestyle managements, such as diet and regular exercise, remains to be a challenge for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to assess the pattern of adherence to common recommendations, reasons, and factors associated with poor overall adherence among outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a police hospital of Ethiopia. Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was done between 15 October 2016 and 15 January 2017. Systematic random sampling method was applied to recruit participants. A semistructured interview guide with an observation checklist was used to collect data. SPSS v.20. 0 was used in the analysis. Results Out of 361 participants, over half (56.5%) participants were male and 235 (65.1%) participants were military. Nearly half (49%) of the participants were on oral combination therapy. Only 194 (53.7%) of the patients showed good adherence for diet. Half (50.1%) of the respondents had poor adherence to all recommendations. Reasons for poor adherence included lack of adequate knowledge (68.9%) for diet, carelessness (37.8%) for exercise, and lack of adequate knowledge (34.8%) followed by carelessness (28.3%) and forgetfulness (19.6%) for medication. Intake of herbal medicines doubled the likelihood of good adherence. Conclusion Adherence of patients to diet was found to be suboptimal. Lack of adequate knowledge, carelessness, and forgetfulness were among the reasons mentioned. Only use of herbal medicine showed statistical significance with adherence. Patient education on dietary practice is required in the study setting.