Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Nutritional Properties and Heavy Metal Composition of African Giant Land Snails (Archachatina marginata) and Clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) from Ekowe Community

Aims: This research was aimed at assessing the nutritional properties and heavy metal compositions of African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata) and clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) from Ekowe community. Methodology: Mineral and vitamin contents were analyzed using the standard method of Association of Analytical Chemist. While standard wet digestion procedure was adopted in the sample preparation, heavy metals were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer technique. Original Research Article Ogidi et al.; EJNFS, 12(6): 99-108, 2020; Article no.EJNFS. 58401 100 Results: Moisture contents were 76±0.63% & 78.4±0.06%, ash content, 1.37±0.01% & 3.45±0.01%, crude protein, 18.62±0.74% & 12.74±0.01% and lipid, 1.34±0.01% & 0.07±0.01% for Archachatina marginata and Mercenaria mercenaria respectively. Mineral contents were in this order: Ca > K > PO4> Mg > Na > Fe >Mn for Archachatina marginata while Mercenaria mercenaria was Ca> K > PO4 > Mg > Fe >Mn> Na. Vitamins profiles in Archachatina marginata were 5.20±0.198%, 0.144±0.004%, 0.05±0.003% and 0.78±0.035% for vitamin A, B1, B2 & E respectively. While Mercenaria mercenaria was 3.93±0.070%, 0.13±0.0025%, 0.075±0.001% & 0.84±0.01% for vitamins A, B1, B2 & E respectively. Heavy metal results in Archachatina marginata was in order of Zn > Cu > Cd > Ni > Cr while for Mercenaria mercenaria was Zn > Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni. Conclusion: These metal values were low and within the WHO permissible limits. The result shows that snail could complement the required micro and macro nutrients and vitamins needed for proper growth and development in human and hence recommended for regular consumption.
Assessment of second-hand smoking among princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University students, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background: Smokers destroy their health and the health of people around them through spread the most prevalent indoor environmental exposures which is called secondhand smoking. The objective of this study is the assessment of knowledge, attitude and exposure among students of Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University. Methods: A cross-sectional study started in September 2019 to April 2020 among 553 female students. Multistage technique was used to recruit students from health and non-health colleges. Data designed to assess knowledge, attitude, and exposure among female students using the health belief model.Results: The results showed that students were sometimes exposed to secondhand smoking in public places (66.5%), and the higher exposure in all places was among those who live with their parents (52.94%), as for the level of knowledge and attitude, less than half of the students showed a good level.Conclusion: The study revealed that the prevalence of exposure among university students was slightly low. Moreover, the students’ knowledge and attitude is consider to be in the acceptable level.
The Relationship between General Aviation Pilot Age and Accident Rate

The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between the number of accidents and pilot’s age. The pilot considered for this study is General Aviation Pilot. Normal distribution of the accidents shows the mean pilot’s age = 54.60 with S. Dage = 14.38. There is a non-linear relationship between pilot’s age and accident rate and there is a significant difference in accidents across the age intervals F(19, 234) = 9.3116, p < 0.0001. There is no statistical difference in the number of accidents between the interval 40-70 age group. Also, there is statistical difference in the number of accidents above and below 60-year age with respect to event severity and cause of accident (Wiki’s lemma= 0.36, F(26, 160) = 4.00, p < 0.0001). The follow up shows that the number of fatal and non-fatal accidents were statistically different for both above F(2, 92) = 4.58, p < 0.0127 and for below F(2,129) = 7.2, p < 0.0011 while the number of accidents with respect to its causes above 60 are not statistically different but there is statistical difference (F = (5, 126) = 8.74, p < 0.0001) in the number of accidents caused by pilot and caused by technical fault or weather/wind in the age group below 60.
PH—Postharvest Technology: Diffusive Drying Kinetics in Wheat, Part 1: Potential for a Simplified Analytical Solution

Abstract Mathematical models for kernel drying predict grain–air mass and heat transfer rates, and the faster and more accurately they can do this the better, especially in simulation-based design and control. Few publications used the simplified analytical solution of the diffusion equation for ‘short times’ based on semi-infinite medium concepts, which is simpler and as accurate as the exact infinite series though it still awaits its place in determining diffusion coefficients. The drying background of wheat and similarly sized grains was reanalysed because assumptions that could not apply to larger grains may be valid for smaller ones to justify analytical solutions. Reliable Biot numbers were calculated to be some 0·5 for heat transfer and 50–3000 (internal control) for mass transfer. Despite heat transfer which individually may or may not be considered to be controlled externally, the grain thermal-to-moisture diffusivity ratio was about 6000, making heat transfer instantaneous compared with mass transfer. To corroborate these indicators, the complete heat conduction–moisture diffusion problem was numerically solved, and the predictions showed, precisely, that analytical solutions may be used to estimate diffusion coefficients in wheat. Then, the steps leading to this overlooked simplified diffusive equation were revised in the light of current knowledge to show how computing time can be saved without loss of accuracy.
The Impact of Leadership Education and Co-curricular Involvement on the Development of Socially Responsible Leadership Outcomes in Undergraduate Students: An Exploratory Study

Socially responsible leadership (SRL) is a “purposeful, collaborative, values-based process that results in positive social change” (Komives, Wagner, & Associates, 2009, p. xii). This approach to leadership focuses on creating leaders that are capable of tackling the predicted wicked problems the world will face in the next few decades. As the number of leadership education programs continue to grow throughout higher education, it is important to assess the impact leadership education and co-curricular programs are having on students. Utilizing the MultiInstitutional Study of Leadership, this study aimed to better understand whether higher education leadership development, community service and study abroad programs are successfully developing students with selfperceived socially responsible leadership.
Complete mitochondrial genomes of two water mite species: Hygrobates (H.) longiporus and Hygrobates (rivobates) taniguchii (Acari, Trombidiformes, Hygrobatoidea)

Abstract We determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of two water mites, Hygrobates (Hygrobates) longiporus and H. (Rivobates) taniguchii. The length of the entire mitogenome of these two species is 13,721 bp and 13,770 bp long, respectively. Both of them contain 13 proteins, two rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs for a total of 37 gene products. The gene order of Hygrobates is almost identical to the two species of Unionicola we included in the analysis, with some difference in the position of transfer RNA genes. Phylogenetic analyses highly support these Hygrobates species form a clade with other species of the Hygrobatoidea.
Detection Antibodies IgM, IgG and Determination Levels of IL-33 in Iraqi Diabetic Type 2 Patients Infected with Toxoplasma Gondii

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that causes a disease called toxoplasmosis which has the capability to pass its both life cycle parts asexual and sexual in the final host (cats)and also through intermediate vertebrate hosts including humans. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that there is high blood sugar level over a prolonged period. This research included one hundred and twenty blood samples that collected from diabetic patients after diagnosing them by endocrinologist at the Imamein Kadhimein Medical City during August until the end of December 2016 with age ranging 12-76 years with mean 50.9 ± 13.8. Toxoplasmosis diagnoses was occurred by using Toxo IgG and IgM antibodies immulite torch assay while diabetes diagnosis by fasting blood sugar tests also measuring level of IL-33 in samples was done by sandwich ELISA method that showed a group of diabetic patients infected with toxoplasmosis have the highest level of IL-33. The results showed that a group of diabetic patients have the highest level of glucose in diabetes test (188.31 pg/ml)while a group of diabetic patients infected with toxoplasmosis have the highest level of IgG (106.17 IU/ml)while all samples have seronegative results for Toxo IgMalso the highest level of IL-33 showed ina group of diabetic patients infected with toxoplasmosis (858.84 pg/ml) while a group of diabetic patients not infected with toxoplasmosis have (556.67 pg/ml) and control group have (315.58pg/ml).
Exploring the ERP time-course of associative recognition in Autism

Behavioral data on episodic recollection in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) point limited relational memory functioning. However, the involvement of successive memory processes in the profile of episodic memory in ASD needs more study. Here, we used Event-Related Potentials (ERP) to investigate the time-course of episodic recollection with an associative recognition paradigm with picture pairs. Twenty-two participants with ASD and 32 with Typical Development (TD), all right-handed, were included. Behavioral results confirmed difficulties in correctly recognizing identical pairs in the ASD relative to TD group. We found an unexpected amplitude decrement on the P2 (220–270ms) and FN400 (350–470ms) potentials, suggesting diminished priming and familiarity effects in the ASD relative to TD group. However, ERP data revealed that the recognition of associative information relies on the same electrophysiological process (old/new effect in the 600-700ms Late Positive Component) in ASD participants as in TD ones, with a parietal extension in the ASD group. These results suggest that the electrophysiological processes of associative recognition are qualitatively similar in individuals with and without ASD but may differ quantitatively. This difference may be driven by the reduced early processing of picture pairs that may in turn lead to their diminished integration into the semantic memory system, being partially compensated by a greater involvement of associative memory during the recollection process. Other studies would be useful to go further in identifying these cognitive processes involved in atypical recognition in ASD and their neural substrates. � Lay summary: We identified diminished performance on the associative recognition of picture pairs in adolescents and young adults with autism when compared to typical development. Electrophysiological data revealed qualitative similarities but quantitative differences between-group, with diminished priming and familiarity processes partially compensated by an enhanced parietal recollection process.
How Do Large Purchasing Organizations Treat Their Diverse Suppliers? Minority Business Enterprise CEOs’ Perception of Corporate Commitment to Supplier Diversity

Supplier diversity programs were created in the United States nearly 50 years ago to encourage private sector companies to provide business opportunities to underutilized minority business enterprises. In order to assess the experiences that minority business enterprise CEOs have with large purchasing organizations and their perceptions of justice and commitment of large purchasing organizations to the buyer–supplier relationship (BSR), this study utilizes survey data collected from 206 minority business enterprise CEOs who supply large purchasing organizations that espouse a strong commitment to supplier diversity. The theoretical framework of organizational justice is utilized to establish testable hypotheses. The results from hierarchical linear regression show minority business enterprise CEOs’ perception of large purchasing organizations’ commitment to the BSR is positively related to the distributive and informational dimensions of organizational justice. Surprisingly, the procedural dimension was found to have a significantly negative relationship. This research also found a significant, negative relationship between minority firm CEOs’ perception of distributive and informational justice and their perceptions of unethical behavior by large purchasing organizations.
The Substitution Effects of Tapioca Starch and Beetroot Powder as Filler On The Physical and Sensory Characteristics Of Chicken Sausage

Red beetroot is rich in phenolic acids and betalain as natural food-coloring agents. Freeze-dried red beetroot that ground into powder can be used as a source of natural coloring to substitute the use of synthetic food color additives as well as filler to substitute tapioca. This study evaluates the function of red beetroot powder not only as filler but also as coloring agent on chicken sausage. Furthermore, its effects as filler (tapioca and beetroot) were also observed on the physical and sensory characteristics of the produced chicken sausage. The substitution of tapioca flour and beetroot powder in this study were 18:0, 17:1, 16:2, and 15:3 (%:%). Each treatment was consisted of three replications. The examined physical properties include pH, water-holding capacity (WHC) and sensory properties. The study found that WHC, color, texture profile and sensory properties were influenced by the increasing level of beetroot flour ratio, while different ratios had no effect on the pH. Chicken sausages made with higher ratio of beetroot flour had good acceptability on flavor and color. The conclusions of this study were substitution tapioca with 2% beetroot powder influenced physical quality (water holding capacity and tenderness) and sensory (color and flavor) of chicken sausage.
Prediction of Academic Procrastination by Fear of Failure and Self-Regulation.

Academic procrastination is a problem behavior with negative consequences for students. The extent of this phenomenon among students and the negative impact on their academic achievement requires more attention and research on this issue. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating on the role of fear of failure and subscale of self-regulation (memory strategy goal-setting, self-evaluation, helping assistance, responsibility, organization) in relation with academic procrastination. Therefore, 198 students from different schools of University of Isfahan in Iran were selected by random cluster multistage sampling. Student’s Procrastination Assessment Scale, Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory, and Sevari’s Self-regulation Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson correlations and linear regression in SPSS-22. Results of t-test showed significant differences between male and female students in terms of academic procrastination, organizing, and fear of failure. Male students compared to females scored higher in academic procrastination. Females students compared to males scored higher in fear of failure and organizing. Findings of Pearson correlations showed a positive association between fear of failure and academic procrastination, and a negative association between subscales of self-regulation and academic procrastination. Also, linear regression analyses showed that fear of failure and responsibility predict academic procrastination. As a conclusion, in order to reduce procrastination, some interventions can be delivered by handling in students’ fear of failure and self-regulation.
Flexible identities: Narratives of Māori-Italians in New Zealand

Ethnicity is a key variable in social science research and is often assumed to be a stable construct. Yet, for more and more individuals in New Zealand’s diversified society, ethnicity is flexible and individuals may choose to change and adapt their ethnic identities contingent on social contexts. Using material from narrative interviews with 44 Māori Italians conducted in New Zealand in 2013, this paper explores the relevance of the social identity theoretical approach for understanding the construction of mixed ethnic identities. Employing an interactionist conceptualisation of identity expression, our findings disclose four thematic patterns by which participants assert positive mixed ethnic identities that allow them to align with desirable notions of what it means to be Māori, Italian, and Māori Italian and to differentiate themselves from what they perceive as the less positive aspects of the dominant New Zealand culture.
Explanatory Factors of Entrepreneurship in Food and Beverage Clusters in Spain

Research into entrepreneurship has gradually changed its perspective over recent decades, becoming a very relevant research topic. In the last few years, various lines of research have been developed to find new explanatory factors of entrepreneurial propensity in specific socioeconomic and institutional contexts, among which we can highlight local territorial agglomerations. The main objective of the study is to offer new knowledge about the factors that influence the entrepreneurial capacity of food and beverage clusters using different secondary sources. To reach this objective, we analyze how the degree of agglomeration, institutional thickness, and knowledge affects new companies created in the last five years within the 37 food and beverage clusters in Spain. Multiple regression results show that company agglomeration and the presence of supporting institutions positively influence entrepreneurial capacity in these clusters. However, available knowledge has a negative influence on entrepreneurial capacity in these specialized environments.
Cognitive Function of Recipients of Primary or Secondary Defibrillator Therapy

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Background The extent to which cognitive function differs between patients who receive implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy and patients with heart failure (HF) who do not receive ICD therapy remains to be elucidated. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the cognitive function between patients with primary or secondary ICDs and patients with HF without an ICD. Methods This descriptive, comparative study included 116 patients who received ICDs and 74 patients with HF who did not receive ICDs. Patients underwent neuropsychological assessment for general cognition, memory, and executive function. Results Immediate recall memory loss (18.9%) occurred more often in patients with HF without an ICD than in patients with primary (3.1%) and secondary (7.1%) ICDs (P = .018). After adjusting for age and education, delayed recall memory of patients with HF without ICDs was significantly worse than that of patients with primary ICDs (4.0 vs 6.5; P < .001), whereas delayed recall memory of patients with primary ICDs was better than that of patients with secondary ICDs (6.0 vs 6.5; P = .006). Executive function of patients with HF without ICDs was significantly worse than that of patients with primary (35 vs 58 seconds; P < .001) and secondary (28 vs 58 seconds; P = .0012) ICDs. Conclusions Patients with ICDs, regardless of primary or secondary indication, had less impairment of memory and executive function than patients with HF without ICDs, implying that ICD therapy did not interfere with cognitive performance. Cognitive screening as a part of routine care could be helpful for identifying impairment and implementing early cognitive training, especially in patients with HF.
Paleontología sistemática de grandes mamíferos del yacimiento del villafranquiense superior de fonelas p-1 (cuenca de guadix, granada)

La memoria contempla el estudio taxonomico llevado a cabo sobre los materiales recuperados durante los anos 2001 y 2002 en el yacimiento granadiono de Fonelas P-1, localizado en la cuenca de Guadiz y descubierto durante el ano 2000. Se describen 597 fosiles que son atribuidos a 4 ordenes de grandes mamiferos (Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla y Probosciea), entre los cuales se identifican 11 familias (Mustelidae, Canidae, Hyaenidae, Felidae, Suidae, Giraffidae, Cervidae, Bovidae, Equidae,Rhinocerotidae y Elephantidae), 21 generos y 23 especies [Meles nov.sp. , Vulpes alopecoides, Canis nov.sp. , Canis etruscus, Canis sp.cf. Canis falconeri, Pachycrocuta brevirostris, Hyaena Brunnea, Lyns issioderensis, Acinonyx pardinensis, Megantereon cultridens, Homotherium latidens, Potamochoerus nov.sp. , Mitilanotherium sp. , Croizetoceros ramosus, Cervus rhenanus, Eucladoceros spo. Gazellospira torticornis, Capra sp. , Praevibos nov.sp. , Leptobos etruscus, Equus spo.cf. Equus major, Stephanorhinus etruscus, Cf. Mammuthus meridionalis]. Entre los taxones registrados se encuentran 4 nuevas especies desconocidas hasta el momento (Meles nov.sp., Canis nov.sp., Potmaochoerus nov.sp., y Praeovibos nov.sp.), tres taxones nunca antes descritos en la Peninsula Iberica ni en Europa Occidental (Hyaenna brunnea, Potamochoeus y Mitilanotherium) y dos taxones nunca antes citados en Eurasia (Hyaena brunnea y Potamochoerus). La asociacion faunistica registrada en Fonelas P-1 es unica hasta el momento, ya que ningun otro registro fosil presenta esta coexistencia de taxones, permitiendo la reinterpretacion bioestratigrafica y paleobiogeografica del transito Plioceno-Pleistoceno en el Viejo Mundo.
Error Analysis Method of Geometrically Incomplete Similarity of End-Plate Connection Based on Linear Regression

Due to the limitations of processing errors, test conditions and other factors, geometric similarity errors in scale tests of steel structure joints are difficult to avoid, but the research on this error is little known. Based on the similarity theory and the basic idea of the component method, this paper deduces the similar macro conditions of beam–column end-plate connections and derives the main influencing factors of geometric similarity of these types of structures. Aiming at the factor of the thickness of the end-plate, the formation mechanism of the geometrically incomplete similarity error of this type of node was studied. Through the establishment of accurate finite element models for parameterized analysis, the influence of end plate thickness on incomplete similarity error is analyzed. Based on this model and linear regression analysis methods, the prediction formulas of geometric incomplete similarity errors of beam–column end-plate connections have been established, which can significantly reduce similar errors due to end plate thickness. This article aims to propose a method for simulating the distribution of incompletely similar errors and provide a reference for the research of similar problems.