Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water Management Practices and Environmental Attitudes of Riparian Communities in Sapangdaku River, Cebu Island, Philippines

Understanding the social-ecological dynamics of freshwater ecosystem is critical for effective planning and sustainable use of the resource. The study aimed to determine the socio-demographic profile, anthropogenic activities, water utilization of the residents, and waste disposal practices along the Sapangdaku River. Here, we examined water utilization, waste disposal practices and their corresponding impact to health, and environmental attitudes of riverside dwellers (n=120) in Sapangdaku River by using a standardized social health and environmental attitudes survey, respectively. Results show that while river water is still largely used for bathing and backyard farming, its known function as (a) disposal area of human and animal waste, (b) quarry site for pebbles and sand and (c) laundry area significantly decreased in recent years. Responses revealed that occurrence of very common ailments such as cough, gastroenteric problems and skin problems are partly associated to poor river water quality. In terms of people’s environmental attitude, ecocentrism is both positively correlated to environmental movement activism (r=0.445, p=0.000) and human utilization of nature (r=-0.275, p=0.006), putting prime value on the sustainable use of river water that provides benefit to the community. Similarly, environmental movement activism and human utilization of nature (r=-0.327, p=0.001) indicates willingness to participate in environmental activities, hence supported by their decision not to use their environment unfavorably. These findings suggest that community’s concern for the river water resulted to increased participation in various strategies to better maximize the use of the river for various purposes. However, efficient management and restoration of river quality require a holistic view of the problem.
Relationship between Nusselt number and the thermoviscous (Rott) functions

The characterization of the thermal properties of regenerator materials has traditionally been studied by measurement of the heat transport of a gas passing through a regenerator flanked by two heat exchangers. The results for heat transfer between the gas and regenerator are typically expressed as a nondimensional Nusselt number. The newer thermoacoustic perspective, developed over the past two decades by Swift and his collaborators, has characterized the thermal properties of regenerators through the thermoviscous function used by Rott in the 1960s. This paper derives the relation between those two perspectives. The complex Nusselt number for oscillatory flow is calculated in terms of the thermoviscous f function. The asymptomatic results of the real part of the complex Nusselt number at zero frequency converge to the steady (direct current) result and at high frequency it matched qualitatively with the limit derived by other researchers interested in the behavior of heat exchangers used in oscillating .
Shallow Ice‐Sheet Composite Structure Revealed by Seismic Imaging Near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Camp

Small‐scale polar ice‐sheet composite structures can influence coarse‐grained climate models. For example, surface melting can hydro‐fracture the ice and may eventually lubricate the base. The drainage process will change the petrophysical properties of the subsurface and is predictable from high‐resolution seismic imaging. Ray‐based imaging methods, though limited by the approximations made, have mapped seismic velocities in 1D, but have yet to offer definitive information about the lateral heterogeneity. Here we use the wave‐equation‐based seismic imaging method to estimate shear‐wave velocities and to image an englacial reflector in 2D. We use 7‐day ambient‐noise data recorded by a linear array near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide drilling site to perform the study. We obtain 2D vertical and horizontal shear‐wave velocity models and observe a lateral variation of the radial anisotropy along the acquisition line. The inverted velocity model is further used to estimate the thicknesses of firn‐air and firn layers. We also observe evident SH reflections and calculate the reflector image using robust zero‐offset imaging and a more precise reverse time migration imaging method. The imaged reflector is at about 1,700 m depth and is dipping to the southwest. We anticipate that a porosity change at that depth may cause this englacial seismic discontinuity near WAIS Divide. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of estimating the petrophysical properties of polar ice using seismic methods. We anticipate our work to be further used for understanding ice dynamics and thermodynamics, such as the stability of ice shelves, the retreat of the Antarctic ice sheet, and restoring the paleo‐sedimentary environment.
Fast Estimation of Metallic Pipe Properties Using Simplified Analytical Solution in Eddy-Current Testing

The eddy-current testing technique has been extensively explored for the measurement of metallic pipes in various industrial processes. In this study, a simplified analytical model of metallic pipes encircled by a coaxial sensor is derived according to the asymptotic forms of modified Bessel functions. The original Dodd and Deeds (DD) model is thus approximated by an elementary function describing the relationship between the measured inductance spectrum and the pipe properties. Due to the simple nature of the elementary function, the Jacobian matrix can be evaluated much more efficiently. Accordingly, a fast Newton–Raphson method-based optimization approach is developed. The proposed method has been evaluated by comparing it with the numerical simulation of the finite-element method (FEM) and experimental measurements which indicate its effectiveness for the measurement of metallic pipe properties.
Evidence for active hotspots on Venus from analysis of Magellan gravity data

Abstract The 500-Myr average crater retention age for Venus has raised questions about the present-day level of tectonic activity. In this study we examine the relationship between the gravity and topography of four large volcanic swells, Beta, Atla, Bell, and Western Eistla Regiones, for clues about their stage of evolution. The Magellan line-of-sight gravity data are inverted using a point mass model of the anomalous mass to solve for the local vertical gravity field. Spectral admittance calculated from both the local gravity inversions and a spherical harmonic model is compared to three models of compensation: local compensation, a "flexural" model with local and regional compensation of surface and subsurface loads, and a "hotspot" model of compensation that includes top loading by volcanoes and subsurface loading due to a deep, low density mass anomaly. The coherence is also calculated in each region, but yields an elastic thickness estimate only at Bell Regio. In all models, the long wavelengths are compensated locally. The long-wavelength estimates of the deep compensation depth for Bell, Atla, Western Eistla, and Beta Regiones are 125, 175, 200, and 225 km, respectively, with an error of approximately ± 35 km. The flexural model is rejected primarily because it gives values of effective elastic thickness of approximately 100 km, which is at least a factor of two larger than estimates of effective elastic thickness obtained from the coherence spectra at Bell Regio and from other studies that model the topographic expression of flexure at Bell Regio and in other tectonic settings globally. Assuming a crustal thickness of 30 km, the fit to the hotspot model at Atla Regio gives an effective elastic thickness of 30 ± 5 km. Atla Regio is interpreted as an active hotspot because of the deep compensation depth and a strong subsurface loading signature. At Bell Regio, effective elastic thickness is 30 ± 5 km at short wavelengths and 50 ± 5 km at long wavelengths, using a crustal thickness of 10 km. The 30-km value is interpreted as the effective elastic thickness at the time when the volcanoes are emplaced; the 50-km value is believed to reflect the present-day effective elastic thickness. Bell Regio has a relatively shallow compensation depth, 125 km, and a weak bottom-to-top-loading ratio determined from the coherence spectra. These results may indicate a relatively old, possibly inactive plume. The data at Beta and Western Eistla Regiones are of relatively poor quality and do not permit detailed interpretations. These areas are interpreted as active hotspots because of their large compensation depths, greater than typical of the rest of the planet.
Ancestral area analyses reveal Pleistocene‐influenced evolution in a clade of coastal plain endemic plants

The North American Coastal Plain is currently recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. However, the mechanisms driving high levels of species richness in a region with relatively low topographic relief and homogeneous climate are unclear. We investigated the evolutionary processes driving ancestral area evolution and diversification in a biodiversity hotspot from both a systematic and biogeographical context using a clade endemic to the hotspot.
Type 1 Tympanoplasty Outcomes between Cartilage and Temporal Fascia Grafts: A Long-Term Retrospective Study

Background: To compare the functional and anatomical results of two different types of grafts in type 1 tympanoplasty (TPL I). Methods: A retrospective comparative bicentric study was conducted on patients treated with TPL I using temporal fascia or tragal cartilage. We evaluated the functional and anatomical results with intergroup and intragroup analyses. Variables predicting long-term success were also evaluated. Results: A total of 142 patients (98 fascia graft vs. 44 cartilage) were initially assessed, with a mean follow-up of 67.1 ± 3.2 months. No significant differences were observed between the two groups on the intergroup analysis of age, gender, ear side, or pre-operative hearing data (all p > 0.05). At the intragroup analysis of auditory outcomes, both groups demonstrated a significant improvement in post-operative air conduction, with greater gain for the fascia group at 6 months follow-up (p < 0.001 for both); however, at long-term follow-up, cartilage demonstrated better stability results (p < 0.001). When comparing the pre-and post-operative air-bone-gap (ABG), both groups showed a significant gain (p < 0.001); the fascia group showed that at 6 months, a greater ABG increase was found, but the difference was not statistically significant (4.9 ± 0.9 dB vs. 5.3 ± 1.2 dB; p = 0.04). On the contrary, the cartilage group at long-term follow-up at 5 years maintained greater outcomes (10 ± 1.6 dB vs. 6.4 ± 2 dB; p < 0.001). Lower age (F = 4.591; p = 0.036) and higher size of perforation (F = 4.820; p = 0.030) were predictors of long-term functional success. Conclusions: The graft material selection should consider several factors influencing the surgical outcome. At long-term follow-up, the use of a cartilage graft could result in more stable audiological outcomes, especially in younger patients or in case of wider perforations.
Bioaffinity: Generating positive vitality in palliative care

Considering the biopsychosocial benefits arising from human/nature interaction, we questioned how the biophilia hypothesis has been inserted into palliative care. The objective was to map, through integrative review, the historical and scientific conception of the theme, attesting to the contemplation of palliative care principles. Of 1,928 scientific texts, 71 covered the theme, being possible to identify at least one of the nine principles, with emphasis on the integration with psychological and spiritual aspects. Biophilia was applied, above all, to the emotional aspect, and zootherapy, to the relational. However, in view of the limitations imposed on the attendance of biosafety aspects and dependence on volunteers, the insertion of therapeutic horticulture in hospices and pet visits is proposed.
Speakers monitor auditory feedback for temporal alignment and linguistically relevant duration.

Recent altered auditory feedback studies suggest that speakers adapt to external perturbations to the duration of syllable nuclei and codas, but there is mixed evidence for adaptation of onsets. This study investigates this asymmetry, testing three hypotheses: (1) onsets adapt only if the perturbation produces a categorical error; (2) previously observed increases in vowel duration stem from feedback delays, rather than adaptation to durational perturbations; (3) gestural coordination between onsets and nuclei prevents independent adaptation of each segment. Word-initial consonant targets received shortening perturbations to approximate a different phoneme (cross-category; VOT of /t/ > /d/; duration of /s/ > /z/) or lengthening perturbations to generate a long version of the same phoneme (within-category; /k/ > [khh]; /ʃ/ > [ʃː]). Speakers adapted the duration of both consonants in the cross-category condition; in the within-category condition, only /k/ showed adaptive shortening. Speakers also lengthened all delayed segments while perturbation was active, even when segment duration was not perturbed. Finally, durational changes in syllable onsets and nuclei were not correlated, indicating that speakers can adjust each segment independently. The data suggest that speakers mainly attend to deviations from the predicted timing of motor states but do adjust for durational errors when linguistically relevant.
Teachers’ perspective on gifted students with extraordinary learning potential in Norway: A descriptive study with primary and secondary teachers

ABSTRACT In countries with no clear policy regarding gifted students, teachers are vital. Norway is such a case. Teachers might have stereotypical views and need knowledge about gifted students to facilitate them appropriately. This article aims to give descriptive insights into teachers’ views and perceptions of students with extraordinary learning potential (gifted) in Norway. To examine this, we used a survey of primary and secondary school teachers (N = 339), exploring teachers’ self-evaluated need for knowledge, how teachers evaluate different characteristics, and the teachers’ open-ended descriptions. We also report descriptive statistics from the survey. The results indicate that the Norwegian teachers wanted more knowledge about gifted students; they reported positive characteristics like performing well and being hardworking and intelligent but also being bored and, to some degree, displaying disruptive behavior. Here, 74% of the teachers reported they had experiences with teaching gifted students. One implication is including giftedness as a topic in teacher education. Our study points to important areas for further research – for example, more in-depth research with Norwegian teachers on their view and characterization of gifted students.
Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA)/total disc replacement (TDR) vs. anterior cervical diskectomy/fusion (ACDF): A review

Background: We performed a focused review to determine the “non-inferiority”, potential superiority, and relative safety/efficacy for performing cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA)/total disc replacement (TDR) in carefully selected patients vs. anterior cervical diskectomy/fusion (ACDF). Notably, CDA/TDR were devised to preserve adjacent level range of motion (ROM), reduce the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), and the need for secondary ASD surgery. Methods: We compared the incidence of ASD, reoperations for ASD, safety/efficacy, and outcomes for cervical CDA/TDR vs. ACDF. Indications, based upon the North American Spine Society (NASS) Coverage Policy Recommendations (Cervical Artificial Disc Replacement Revised 11/2015 and other studies) included the presence of radiculopathy or myelopathy/myeloradiculopathy at 1-2 levels between C3-C7 with/without neck pain. Contraindications for CDA/TDR procedures as quoted from the NASS Recommendations (i.e. cited above) included the presence of; “Infection…”, “Osteoporosis and Osteopenia”, “Instability…”, “Sensitivity or Allergy to Implant Materials”, “Severe Spondylosis…”, “Severe Facet Joint Arthropathy…”, “Ankylosing Spondylitis” (AS), “Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Previous Fracture…”, “Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL)”, and “Malignancy…”. Other sources also included spinal stenosis and scoliosis. Results: Cervical CDA/TDR studies in the appropriately selected patient population showed no inferiority/ occasionally superiority, reduced the incidence of ASD/need for secondary ASD surgery, and demonstrated comparable safety/efficacy vs. ACDF. Conclusion: Cervical CDA/TDR studies performed in appropriately selected patients showed a “lack of inferiority”, occasional superiority, a reduction in the incidence of ASD, and ASD reoperation rates, plus comparable safety/efficacy vs. ACDF.
The Arlequin method as a flexible engineering design tool

By superposing and gluing models, the Arlequin method offers an extended modelling framework for the design of engineering structures. This paper aims at developing the numerical aspects of the approach and at showing how it can be used with great flexibility and in a consistent manner to change locally a global mechanical model. The capabilities of the Arlequin method and the effectiveness of the implemented numerical tools are exemplified by 1‐D, 2‐D and 3‐D numerical applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Impact of Noninvasive Plasma Microbial Cell-Free Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sequencing for the Diagnosis and Management of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Abstract We present 23 cases of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) diagnosed with commercially available noninvasive plasma microbial cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (mcfDNA) assay. Our findings suggest that plasma mcfDNA testing resulted in positive clinical impact for the diagnosis and treatment of PCP and coinfections in 82.6% of cases.
Electronic properties of α -Mn-type non-centrosymmetric superconductor Re5.5Ta under hydrostatic pressure

We have studied the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the superconducting and normal state properties of the non-centrosymmetric superconductor Re5.5Ta using magnetotransport, magnetization, and band structure studies. The superconducting transition temperature ( Tc ) reveals a modest decrease of ∼0.52 K as the external pressure is raised to 8 GPa. We found the Maki parameter, 1,$? > αM>1, both at ambient and high pressures, suggesting the significant role of the Pauli pair breaking effect. Furthermore, the lower critical field was found to decrease with a rate of −1.74 mT GPa−1 as pressure increases to 1.05 GPa. Analysis of the thermally activated flux flow region of ρT,H using the Arrhenius equation reveals the coexistence of single and collective vortex states. Further analysis of the critical current density indicates that the surface and volume pinning centers coexist and remain unaffected with varying pressure. Band structure calculations were performed using density functional theory and reveal a large bulk modulus, B0 ∼ 289 GPa with B0′ ∼ 3.7, suggesting poor compressibility. In addition, we found that the density of states at the Fermi level barely reduces, even at pressures of up to 20 GPa. This is consistent with the experimental observation of robust superconductivity under compression.
The Effect of Maternal Overweight and Obesity Pre-Pregnancy and During Childhood in the Development of Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review

Maternal overweight/obesity has been associated with an increased risk of obesity in childhood. We investigated the effect of maternal overweight/obesity during pre-pregnancy and whether it is a stronger predictor of child obesity, compared to maternal overweight/obesity during childhood. Prospective or retrospective cohort studies published in English, reporting on obese children and adolescents (2–18 years), with overweight/obese mothers in either pre-pregnancy or during childhood were included. A search was conducted from 2012 to April 2022 in MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EMBASE, followed by screening, data extraction, quality assessment and narrative synthesis. Eleven eligible studies (9 prospective and 2 retrospective cohort studies; total sample, n = 27,505) were identified. Eight studies examined maternal overweight/obesity in pre-conception, presenting consistent positive associations with childhood obesity, three reported positive associations between childhood obesity and maternal overweight/obesity during childhood, and one presented positive associations between both maternal exposures. The narrative synthesis failed to identify which maternal exposure is the strongest predictor of childhood obesity, with studies reporting significant associations between maternal overweight/obesity and child obesity in both time points. Intervention programs aiming to reduce childhood obesity should focus on supporting women of childbearing age with weight management from preconception and throughout their life-course.
Lifetime-broadening-suppressed/free XANES spectroscopy by high-resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering

The resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrum is uniquely related to the x-ray absorption oscillator strength distribution by the Kramers-Heisenberg equation via lifetime widths of the states involved. In this work it is shown that x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), where the lifetime broadening of 1s core holes is suppressed and that of the 2p hole determines the resolution, can be analytically deduced from RIXS spectra. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that numerical procedures can provide lifetime-broadening-free (LBF) XANES, where the remaining 2p broadening is also eliminated. As examples, lifetime-broadening-suppressed (LBS) XANES and LBF-XANES of CuO and CuCl 2 . 2H 2 O are derived from RIXS spectra measured by the use of a third-generation synchrotron source SPring-8 and are compared with XANES obtained by other methods to discuss the significance of LBS and LBF XANES spectroscopy.
The initial boundary value problem for the Schröudinger equation

We study the stability properties of the one-dimensional Schrodinger equation with boundary conditions that involve the derivative in the direction of propagation (or time). We show that this type of boundary condition might cause a strong growth of the amplitude of the solution. Such a model is not useful for numerical computations. One example is the parabolic wave equation in underwater acoustics for wave propagation in a downsloping duct with the normal derivative condition ∂u/∂n =0 at the bottom.
Hole injection with limited charge relaxation, lateral nonuniform hole trapping, and transient stress-induced leakage current in impulse-stressed thin (<5 nm) nitrided oxides

An anomalously high density of positive trapped charges was observed in thin (4.3-nm thickness) nitrided gate oxides subjected to high-field impulse stressing. Additionally, the transient stress-induced leakage current (AC-SILC) was found to be larger than the steady-state SILC (DC-SILC) in these impulse-stressed thin oxides, contrary to observations in dc-stressed thin oxides. The large AC-SILC was found to be related to the high density of positive trapped holes in the oxide. The hot-hole generation occurs via a regenerative feedback mechanism, with minimal charge relaxation due to the short duration of the impulse stress. This gives rise to an extremely high density of oxide trapped holes that were not observed under dc stress conditions. The trapped holes can be easily annealed electrically at room temperature and the annihilation of the positive oxide trapped charges is accompanied by a reduction in the AC-SILC and a higher number of interface states being created. The trapped holes can either be uni.