Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peripheral myelin protein 22 preferentially partitions into ordered phase membrane domains

Significance The preferential partitioning of single-span membrane proteins for ordered phase domains in phase-separated membranes is now reasonably well understood, but little is known about this phase preference for multispan helical membrane proteins. Here, it is shown that the disease-linked tetraspan membrane protein, PMP22, displays a pronounced preference to partition into the ordered phase, a preference that is reversed by disease mutations. This phase preference may be related to the role of PMP22 in cholesterol homeostasis in myelinating Schwann cells, a role that is also known to be disrupted under conditions of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMTD) peripheral neuropathy caused by pmp22 mutations. The ordered environment of cholesterol-rich membrane nanodomains is thought to exclude many transmembrane (TM) proteins. Nevertheless, some multispan helical transmembrane proteins have been proposed to partition into these environments. Here, giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) were employed to quantitatively show that the helical tetraspan peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) exhibits a pronounced preference for, promotes the formation of, and stabilizes ordered membrane domains. Neither S-palmitoylation of PMP22 nor its putative cholesterol binding motifs are required for this preference. In contrast, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease-causing mutations that disrupt the stability of PMP22 tertiary structure reduce or eliminate this preference in favor of the disordered phase. These studies demonstrate that the ordered phase preference of PMP22 derives from global structural features associated with the folded form of this protein, providing a glimpse at the structural factors that promote raft partitioning for multispan helical membrane proteins.
A Study of the Relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and Tooth Loss among Diabetic Patents in Garki General Hospital Garki Abuja, Fct Nigeria

Study background: This research is to assess the number of missing teeth and to examine the relationship between age and tooth-loss in diabetic patients. Methods: The study consisted of 201 diabetic patients and an equal number of non-diabetic patients as control. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed which contained close-ended questions and this was followed by an oral examination of each patient; number of missing teeth were recorded in a data collecting sheet. Data was evaluated using SPSS 20 version. Results: Respondents were within age-group 30-73years for diabetics and 32-68years for non-diabetics. The mean number of missing teeth in diabetics was 5.22 ± 0.73 while non-diabetics had 3.17 ± 0.53 which was statistically significant when p-value was ≤ 0.005. Diabetic patients, within the age-group of 35-44 had 3.21 mean missing teeth and those within the age-group of 64-75 years had 7.31 mean missing teeth. Conclusion: The mean number of missing teeth in the diabetic patient and the control increased gradually as patients grew older but tooth loss was more pronounced in the diabetics. The result here agrees with results in other parts of Nigeria and worldwide. Within the limitations of this study, tooth loss is more in diabetic patients than nondiabetics and increases more in diabetics as both groups grow older.
Sputum Iron Levels During Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Exacerbation: A Longitudinal Study

The airways of patients with cystic fibrosis are frequently colonized with bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Repeated pulmonary exacerbations contribute to decline in lung function. Iron is an important cofactor in bacterial growth and biofilm production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We demonstrated sputum ferrous iron and Pseudomonas bacterial burden are associated with worse lung function as measured by FEV_1 in cross-sectional studies. Ferrous iron constitutes a greater amount of total iron measured as lung function worsens. We hypothesized that sputum iron will decrease as lung function improves over the course of pulmonary exacerbation.
Characteristic Length and Time Scales of the Highly Forward Scattering of Photons in Random Media

Background: Elucidation of the highly forward scattering of photons in random media such as biological tissue is crucial for further developments of optical imaging using photon transport models. We evaluated length and time scales of the photon scattering in three-dimensional media. Methods: We employed analytical solutions of the time-dependent radiative transfer, M-th order delta-Eddington, and photon diffusion equations (RTE, dEM, and PDE). We calculated the fluence rates at different source-detector distances and optical properties. Results: We found that the zeroth order dEM and PDE, which approximate the highly forward scattering to the isotropic scattering, are valid in longer length and time scales than approximately 10 / μ t ′ and 40 / μ t ′ v , respectively, where μ t ′ is the reduced transport coefficient and v the speed of light in a medium. The first and second order dEM, which approximate the highly forward-peaked phase function by the first two and three Legendre moments, are valid in the longer scales than approximately 4.0 / μ t ′ and 6.3 / μ t ′ v ; 2.8 / μ t ′ and 3.5 / μ t ′ v , respectively. The boundary conditions less influence the length scales, while they reduce the times scales from those for bulk at the longer length scale than approximately 4.0 / μ t ′ . Conclusion: Our findings are useful for constructions of accurate and efficient photon transport models. We evaluated length and time scales of the highly forward scattering of photons in various kinds of three-dimensional random media by analytical solutions of the radiative transfer, M-th order delta-Eddington, and photon diffusion equations.
Comparison of Root Resorption Pattern in Human Primary Teeth under Physiologic and Coexistent Pathological Conditions

Background: Primary teeth are excellent model to figure out the differences in morphological and histological features of tooth resorption. They may be exfoliated due to physiological resorption of their roots or the coexistent physiological and pathological resorption that are usually observed in the replacement period of dentition. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the qualitative differences in the appearance of the roots of primary teeth undergoing physiological or coexistent physiological and pathological root resorption. Material and Methods: Twenty primary teeth were examined, Ten exfoliated teeth with physiological resorption represented Group I and ten extracted teeth with coexistent physiological and pathological resorption represented Group II. Results: At light microscopic examination, group I showed deep round wave like resorption fossae filled with many odontoclasts, and the pulp showed inflammatory cell infiltration along with areas of dystrophic calcification. The odontoblasts were disorganized or disappear completely. Repair by cementum like tissue deposition was found internally. SEM examination revealed variable sized numerous resorption lacunae with smooth edges that had a circular or polygonal shape. Group II showed irregular resorbed root surface and various size odontoclasts besides thick granulation tissue. The pulp was degenerated, necrotic and contained calcification globules. The odontoblastic layer couldn’t be identified. Cementum repair was evident externally but at the internal resorption surface. By SEM, the resorption fossae were smaller and irregular in shape with thinner edges.Conclusion: There were various morphological differences between physiological and coexistent physiological and pathological resorption of human primary teeth
Caught in the Act: Predicting Cheating in Unproctored Knowledge Assessment

Cheating is a serious threat in unproctored ability assessment, irrespective of countermeasures taken, anticipated consequences (high vs. low stakes), and test modality (paper-pencil vs. computer-based). In the present study, we examined the power of (a) self-report-based indicators (i.e., Honesty-Humility and Overclaiming scales), (b) test data (i.e., performance with extremely difficult items), and (c) para data (i.e., reaction times, switching between browser tabs) to predict participants’ cheating behavior. To this end, 315 participants worked on a knowledge test in an unproctored online assessment and subsequently in a proctored lab assessment. We used multiple regression analysis and an extended latent change score model to assess the potential of the different indicators to predict cheating. In summary, test data and para data performed best, while traditional self-report-based indicators were not predictive. We discuss the findings with respect to unproctored testing in general and provide practical advice on cheating detection in online ability assessments.
Multi-Fidelity Design of an Aeroelastically Tailored Composite Wing for Dynamic Wind-Tunnel Testing

Aeroelastic tailoring offers an effective way to exploit the anisotropic properties of the composite materials used in lightweight aerospace structures. This paper presents a design methodology for experimental wings that employ a typical wingbox structure. The proposed methodology combines three different analysis tools: Proteus, a low-fidelity aeroelastic framework with tailoring capabilities, OptiBLESS, an open-source toolbox for optimization of blended stacking sequences and MSC Nastran, a commercial software commonly used in industry for aeroelastic analyses. An experimental wing is designed using the proposed framework. The developed design is manufactured using carbon fibre pre-preg and hand layup technique. Finally, the manufactured wing is tested in the wind-tunnel at speeds up to 25 m/s. Both static and dynamic tests are performed, where for the latter a gust generator is used. The experimental results provide a source of comparison for the numerical models used in the proposed design methodology.
Pear sapling production in greenhouse and external environment.

PEAR SAPLING PRODUCTION IN GREENHOUSE AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT This research was carried out at the Abant İzzet Baysal University, Vocational High School of Bolu research areas in 2014. In this study, ‘Deveci’, ‘Akça’ and ‘Williams’ pear varieties (Pyrus communis L.) were grafted by chip budding method on two–year–old seedling and OHF–333 rootstocks in the greenhouse and external environment. All budding applications were done on the 15 May, 2014. In conclusion, bud take percentages varied from 60% to 100%; bud sprouting percentages varied from 56.67% to 100%. These parameters, ‘Deveci’ and ‘Akça’ pear cultivars grafted on the OHF–333 rootstocks in greenhouse gave highest results; ‘Williams’ pear cultivar grafted on the seedling rootstock in external environment gave the lowest result. Graft shoot lengths varied from 30.05 cm to 49.00 cm; graft shoot diameters varied from 4.82 mm to 7.17 mm. These parameters, ‘Akça’ and ‘Williams’ pear cultivars grafted on the OHF–333 rootstocks in external environment gave highest results; ‘Deveci’ pear cultivar grafted on the seedling rootstock in greenhouse gave the lowest result. In the experiment, better results in the external environment were caused by the higher temperature and the insufficiency of irrigation in the greenhouse.
Interruption of Thymic Activity in Adult Mice Improves Responses to Tumor Immunotherapy

Key Points Interrupting thymic activity in adult mice favors effector T cells. Thymectomy in adult mice perturbs Treg homeostasis. Thymectomy in adult mice potentiates antitumor immunotherapies. Visual Abstract The thymus produces precursors of both conventional T cells (Tconv; also known as effector T cells) and regulatory T cells (Treg) whose interactions prevent autoimmunity while allowing efficient protective immune responses. Tumors express a composite of self-antigens and tumor-specific Ags and engage both Tconv and Treg. Along the aging process, the thymus involutes, and tumor prevalence increases, a correlation proposed previously to result from effector cell decline. In this work, we directly tested whether interruption of thymic activity in adult mice affects Foxp3-expressing Treg composition and function and alters tumor immune surveillance. Young adult mice, on two different genetic backgrounds, were surgically thymectomized (TxT) and analyzed or challenged 2 mo later. Cellular analysis revealed a 10-fold decrease in both Tconv and Treg numbers and a bias for activated cells. The persisting Treg displayed reduced stability of Foxp3 expression and, as a population, showed a compromised return to homeostasis upon induced perturbations. We next tested the growth of three tumor models from different tissue origins and/or presenting distinct degrees of spontaneous immunogenicity. In none of these conditions, adult TxT facilitated tumor growth. Rather, TxT enhanced the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapies targeting Treg and/or the immune checkpoint CTLA4, as evidenced by the increased frequency of responder mice and decreased intratumoral Treg to CD8+IFN-γ+ cell ratio. Together, our findings point to a scenario in which abrogation of thymic activities affects preferentially the regulatory over the ridding arm of the immune activities elicited by tumors and argues that higher prevalence of tumors with age cannot be solely attributed to thymic output decline.
Tudor staphylococcal nuclease acts as a docking platform for stress granule components in Arabidopsis thaliana

Adaptation to stress depends on the modulation of gene expression. Regulation of mRNA stability and degradation in stress granules (SGs), - cytoplasmic membraneless organelles composed of messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes, - plays an important role in fine-tuning of gene expression. In addition, SG formation can modulate stress signaling pathways by protein sequestration. Molecular composition, structure, and function of SGs in plants remain obscure. Recently, we established Tudor Staphylococcal Nuclease (TSN or Tudor-SN; also known as SND1) as integral component of SGs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we combined purification of TSN interactome with cell biology, reverse genetics and bioinformatics to study composition and function of SGs in plants. We found that under both normal (in the absence of stress) and stress conditions TSN interactome is enriched in the homologues of known mammalian and yeast SG proteins, in addition to novel or plant-specific SG components. We estimate that upon stress perception, approximately half of TSN interactors are recruited to SGs de novo, in a stress-dependent manner, while another half represent a dense protein-protein interaction network pre-formed before onset of stress. Almost all TSN-interacting proteins are moderately or highly disordered and approximately 20% of them are predisposed for liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). This suggests that plant SGs, similarly to mammalian and yeast counterparts, are multicomponent viscous liquid droplets. Finally, we have discovered that evolutionary conserved SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) interacts with TSN in heat-induced SGs and that SnRK1 activation critically depends on the presence of TSN and formation of SGs. Altogether, our results establish TSN as a docking platform for SG-associated proteins and important stress signal mediator in plants.
Occurrence of Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Arcobacter in pet birds of northern Iran

Pet birds can harbor human pathogens and contribute to the transmission of infectious agents to human. Since many people are interested in keeping pet birds, this study was conducted in pet birds from Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Totally, 174 fecal samples of pet birds (cockatiel, canary, lovebird, parrot, mynah, goldfinch, budgerigar, macaw, dove, pigeon, and bulbul) were collected with sterile cotton swabs and submitted to Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology (Amol, Iran). After extraction of total DNA, the samples subjected to molecular detection of the Campylobacter, Salmonella , and Arcobacter using polymerase chain reaction. A total of 114 (65.5%), 28 (16%), and 86 (49.4%) samples were found positive for Campylobacter , Salmonella , and Arcobacter , respectively. Furthermore, some birds showed contamination with two or all three of these bacteria. Results showed that mentioned bacteria can be detected from the apparently healthy pet birds. Therefore pet birds can be considered as potential carriers of these enteropathogens.
Social Skills and Suicide Risk in Adolescents of an Education Institute of the City of Armenia (Quindío, Colombia)

Introducción: el objetivo de este artículo es establecer la relación entre la adquisición de habilidades sociales y la manifestación clínica de ideación suicida y riesgo suicida en adolescentes. Materiales y métodos: la investigación se realizó siguiendo un diseño descriptivo y correlacional, en una población de 115 adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años, se aplicó la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck y el Test de Habilidades Sociales de Goldstein. Resultados: los datos arrojaron que existe una correlación significativa, inversamente proporcional entre la adquisición de habilidades sociales y el menor riesgo de sintomatología suicida. Conclusión: por medio de los resultados obtenidos, se ha podido corroborar cómo la familia cumple un papel importante en la regulación emocional y en la adquisición de habilidades sociales en la persona, además de cómo, a partir de la adquisición de un estilo de afrontamiento sano en la resolución de problemas vitales, se aminora la posibilidad de desarrollar alguna manifestación suicida.
Development of stress on quartz grain in illite ceramics during cooling stage of firing

If the volume fraction of quartz in traditional ceramics is higher than 10 % then the use of Selsing ’ s formula is questionable. A model of two concentric spheres, in which the inner sphere is a quartz grain and its spherical cladding is glassy phase, is proposed. The development of the stress on the grain surface during cooling stage of the ﬁ ring and its in ﬂ uence on the microcracking is described. The tensile tangential stress which is developed between the glass transformation temperature and ¢ ¼ ¡ transition of quartz can be a source of the ﬁ rst microcracking. After this transition, the tangential stress becomes compressive. The radial stress on the grain surface, which is compressive before the ¢ ¼ ¡ transition of quartz, turns into tensile after this transition as a steep change of 40 ­ 80 MPa (for 10 ­ 50 % of quartz content). These changes are in a narrow temperature interval around the ¢ ¼ ¡ transition of quartz passing through zero value and no cracks are expected. This is con ﬁ rmed with acoustic emission (AE) and short recovery of Young ’ s modulus. When the ¢ ¼ ¡ transition of quartz is ﬁ nished and the temperature decreases, the creation of the cracks continues. The radial tensile stress on the grain and in its close vicinity reaches 100 ­ 180 MPa, consequently, circumferential cracks can be formed. This is indirectly con ﬁ rmed with a decrease of Young ’ s modulus and
The Relationship between Slack Resources, Resource Bricolage, and Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification—Based on Resource Opportunity Perspective

There are a lot of slack resources in a company. It is vitally important for an enterprise to use slack resources to identify entrepreneurial opportunities to establish company sustainable development. On the basis of the resource orchestration theory and from resource-opportunity perspective, this paper constructs a framework of slack resources and entrepreneurial opportunity identification, exploring the mediating of resource bricolage, the moderating of network ties, and the moderated mediation of network ties. In our analyses, we used data from companies in eastern China, and statistical hypotheses were validated through a structural equation model with data using the statistical software Amos version 20, SPSS version 22. The research results show that: (1) Absorbed slack resources and unabsorbed slack resources have a positive impact on entrepreneurial opportunity identification. (2) Slack resources indirectly affect the opportunity identification through the mediating role of resource bricolage. Among them, resource bricolage has a fully mediating role between absorbed slack resources and entrepreneurial opportunity identification, and it has a partial mediating role between unabsorbed slack resources and entrepreneurial opportunity identification. (3) Business ties positively moderate the relationship between two types of slack resources and entrepreneurial opportunity identification, and business ties moderate the mediation effect of resource bricolage. The resource-opportunity perspective answers how decisions are made, and the entire model process answers how to create sustainable value (entrepreneurship opportunities). The study guides managers on how to integrate and use external and internal resources, coordinate resource elements, and identify profitable business opportunities.
Altered beta-band oscillations and connectivity underlie detail-oriented visual processing in autism

Sensory and perceptual anomalies have been increasingly recognized as core phenotypic markers for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A neurophysiological characterization of these anomalies is of utmost importance to understand more complex behavioural manifestations within the spectrum. The present study employed electroencephalography (EEG) to test whether detail-oriented visual perception, a recognized hallmark of ASD, is associated with altered neural oscillations and functional connectivity in beta (and alpha) frequency bands, considering their role in feedback and top-down reentrant signalling in the typical population. A sample of children with diagnosis of ASD (N=18) and typically developing peers (TD; N=20) performed a visual crowding task, where they had to discriminate a peripheral target letter surrounded by flankers at different distances, together with a control condition with no flankers. In TD participants the amplitude of the target-locked N1 component and its cortical sources was significantly modulated as a function of visual crowding, whereas such modulation was absent in the ASD group, suggesting that their visual scene analysis takes place without a flexible neural computation. The comparison between groups showed a decreased activity in the ASD group in occipital, infero-temporal and inferior/middle frontal regions in conditions requiring detail-oriented perception as opposed to conditions requiring the discrimination of target in isolation. Moreover, in TD participants detail-oriented perception was associated with an event-related beta power reduction (15-30 Hz), which was not evident in the ASD group. A data-driven functional connectivity analysis highlighted in the ASD sample an increased connectivity in the beta frequency range between occipital and infero-temporal regions. Notably, individual hyperconnectivity indexes correlated to less severe ASD symptomatology and to a diminished detail-oriented perception, suggesting a potential compensatory mechanism. Overall, these results show that altered communication in the beta frequency band may explain atypical perception in ASD, reflecting aberrant feedback connectivity within the visual system with potential cascade effects in visual scene parsing and higher-order functions.