Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of diet and exercise on liver lipid metabolism

BACKGROUND. Excess consumption of energy-dense, high-fat Western diets contributes to the development of obesity and obesity-related disorders, such as fatty liver disease. However, not only the quantity but also the composition of dietary fat may play a role in the development of liver steatosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of low-stearate palm oil and high-stearate lard high-fat diets on in vivo liver lipid metabolism. METHODS. Wistar rats were fed with either normal chow (CON), a high-fat diet based on palm oil (HFP), or a high-fat diet based on lard (HFL). After 10 weeks of diet, magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied for the in vivo determination of intrahepatocellular lipid content and the uptake and turnover of dietary fat after oral administration of 13C-labeled lipids. Derangements in liver lipid metabolism were further assessed by measuring hepatic very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion and ex vivo respiratory capacity of liver mitochondria using fat-derived substrates. In addition, wholebody and hepatic glucose tolerance were determined with an intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test. RESULTS. Both high-fat diets induced liver lipid accumulation (p<0.001), which was accompanied by a delayed uptake and/or slower turnover of dietary fat in the liver (p<0.01), but without any change in VLDL secretion rates. Surprisingly, liver lipid content was higher in HFP than in HFL (p<0.05), despite the increased fatty acid oxidative capacity in isolated liver mitochondria of HFP animals (p<0.05). In contrast, while both high-fat diets induced whole-body glucose intolerance, only HFL impaired hepatic glucose tolerance. CONCLUSION. High-fat diets based on palm oil and lard similarly impair the handling of dietary lipids in the liver, but only the high-fat lard diet induces hepatic glucose intolerance.
Biofotogrametric and electromyographic analysis in different position in women with temporomandibular disorder.

Introduction: The relationship established between TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint), cranium and cervical spine requires the synchrony of these structures for the proper performance of stomatognathic functions and muscle balance in this region. Objective: Evaluate the craniocervical posture and the electrical activity of masticatory and cervical muscles in sitting and standing positions in patients with TMD, correlating these variables. Method: The participants were 21 women, with mean age 28 ± 5.33 years and severe TMD. The participants were evaluated by electromyography of the masseter, anterior temporal and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and upper trapezius muscles, bilaterally, in standing and sitting position. The body posture was evaluated by biophotogrammetry, with analysis of the Head Horizontal Alignment (HHA) and Acromion Horizontal Alignment (AHA) in frontal view and the Head Vertical Alignment (HVA) and Head Horizontal Alignment related to seventh cervical vertebra (HHAc7) in lateral view. Results: The electrical activity of masticatory muscles during resting did not differ between the different evaluated positions. During maximum intercuspation, the electrical activity was significantly lower in the left masseter (p=0.016), higher in the left anterior temporal muscle (p=0.046) and higher in the right (p=0.005) and left (p=0.015) upper trapezius muscles, in standing position when compared to sitting position. The photogrammetric values found were within the normal range. There was a significant and moderate negative correlation between the left SCM muscle and the right (r=0.386) and left (r=0.428) HHAc7 angle. Conclusions: Muscular electrical activity was modified with the change between sitting and standing positions, with an increase in cervical muscle recruitment and asynchrony of the masticatory muscles. Thus, it can be inferred that there is a postural destabilization with possible head anteriorization during maximum intercuspation, reinforcing the relation of synergy between the masticatory and cervical muscles.
Teaching Evolutionary Principles in Health Promotion: A Pilot Study

Introduction. Teaching evolutionary principles in a health promotion course may increase the relevance of evolutionary theory to students, enrich biological understanding of disease, and provide a unique perspective on how evolution can affect human health and disease. This pilot study examined the extent to which evolution instruction in an undergraduate college-level health promotion course affects learning the fundamental concepts of evolution by natural selection, student misconceptions of evolution, and student acceptance of evolution, compared with evolution instruction in a biology course. Methods. Pre–post course surveys measured student understanding of evolution measured with the Conceptual Inventory of Natural Selection, student misconception related to endorsement of teleological reasoning, and student level of acceptance of evolution, along with several demographic variables. Ninety-four (n = 94) undergraduate student participants were enrolled in one of three courses: an Evolution-Health course, an Evolution-Biology course, and a Human Physiology course. Results. Students significantly improved their Conceptual Inventory of Natural Selection scores in both Evolution-Health (p = .0005) and Evolution-Biology (p = .015). Student misconceptions of evolution significantly decreased (p = .0034), and acceptance of human evolution increased (p = .031) in the Evolution-Health course only. Change in natural selection understanding over the course of the semester was modestly negatively correlated with change in teleological reasoning (r = −.21, p = 0.047), such that students with larger decreases in teleological reasoning had greater learning gains in natural selection understanding. Conclusions. This study provides preliminary evidence that evolutionary instruction in a college-level health promotion context improves understanding of fundamental evolutionary concepts, decreases student misconceptions related to teleological reasoning, and improves acceptance of human evolution.
A vector‐valued intensity measure for near‐fault ground motions

Near‐fault ground motions containing high energy and large amplitude velocity pulses may cause severe damage to structures. The most widely used intensity measure (IM) is the elastic spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure (Sa(T1)); however, Sa(T1) is not a sufficient IM with respect to the effects of the pulse‐like ground motions on structural response. For near‐fault ground motions, including pulse‐like and non–pulse‐like time histories, we propose a vector‐valued IM consisting of a new IM called instantaneous power (IP(T1)) and the Sa(T1). The IP(T1) is defined as the maximum power of the bandpass‐filtered velocity time series over a time interval of 0.5T1. The IP(T1) is period‐dependent because the velocity time series is filtered over a period range (0.2T1‐3T1). This allows the IP(T1) to represent the power of the near‐fault ground motions relevant to the response of the structure. Using two‐dimensional models of the 2‐ and 9‐story steel‐frame buildings, we show that the proposed [Sa(T1), IP(T1)] vector IM gives more accurate estimates of the maximum inter‐story drift and collapse capacity responses from near‐fault ground motions than using the vector IM consisting of the Sa(T1), the presence of the velocity pulse, and the period of the velocity pulse. Moreover, for the structures considered, for a given Sa(T1), the IP(T1) is more strongly correlated with structural damage from near‐fault ground motions than the combination of the velocity pulse and pulse period.
Initiation and propagation of spherical premixed flames with inert solid particles

Spherical flame initiation and propagation in particle-laden mixtures are investigated theoretically in this work. Within the framework of constant density, large activation energy and quasi-steady assumptions, a correlation describing spherical flame propagation speed as a function of flame radius is derived. This correlation is used to assess the influence of gas and particle properties on initiation and propagation of premixed spherical flames. Spherical flame initiation and propagation are shown to be influenced noticeably by the appearance of inert solid particles. It is found that the flame propagation speed and temperature both decrease with increased particle heat capacity and thermal relaxation time. A non-monotonic change of the flame propagation speed with flame radius is observed when there are particles with large heat capacity. Furthermore, the bifurcation of flame propagation speed is observed for particles with large heat capacity and thermal relaxation time. Within a certain flame radius range, there are both strong and weak flame solutions. The abrupt jump from the strong flame to weak flame results from the excessive heat loss caused by the solid particles and the energy balance is re-established along the weak flame branch. The Lewis number strongly affects the flame propagation speed, particularly for small thermal response time and high particle heat capacity. Additionally, the minimum ignition energy of the particle-laden spherical flames is found to increase with the Lewis number. At higher Lewis number, the difference of minimum ignition energy between gaseous and particle-laden situations becomes larger. To validate the theoretical results, one-dimensional transient simulations of particle-laden spherical flames with detailed chemistry have been conducted. Qualitative agreement is achieved for results from numerical simulations and theoretical analysis.
Impact of a Nurse-Driven Diabetic Ketoacidosis Insulin Infusion Calculator on the Rate of Hypoglycemia

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of an insulin infusion calculator incorporated into electronic health record system in reducing the rate of hypoglycemia in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) management. Methods Retrospective chart review of patients with primary admission diagnosis of DKA was conducted in a university-affiliated academic medical center. End points including the rate of hypoglycemia, time to DKA resolution, rate of hypokalemia, time on insulin drip, and length of stay were measure before and after implementation of DKA calculator. Results Of 181 adult patients admitted for primary diagnosis of DKA, 103 were managed using the calculator. After implementation of the calculator, incidence of hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia were significantly reduced by 70% and 87%, respectively (P < 0.01). No difference was observed for time to DKA resolution, time on insulin drip, and length of stay. Conclusions Implementation of DKA insulin infusion calculator significantly reduced the rate of hypoglycemia. Future improvements should focus on reducing time to DKA resolution and length of stay.
Manipulating Trust of Autonomous Products With Affective Priming

User-to-product trust has two notable aspects: (1) the user’s propensity to trust, and (2) the product’s trustworthiness as assessed by the user. Autonomous products, which perform many functions on their own with limited user input, require the user to exhibit trust at an appropriate level before use. Research in product trust thus far has focused on the product trustworthiness: manipulating the product’s design, for example, anthropomorphizing an autonomous vehicle and measuring changes in trust. This study flips the usual approach, manipulating a person’s propensity to trust and measuring response to an existing autonomous product, the Amazon Echo. We build on our past successes with priming exercises to reveal insights into the user-related factors of product trust. In this study, we used visual stimuli that evoked either positive, neutral or negative emotions as affective primes to influence users’ trust propensity before the interaction. The participants interacted with a mock-up of the Amazon Echo via ten pre-determined question-and-answer (Q&A) sets. During the interaction, the participants evaluated the Echo’s competence and if it met participants’ expectations. They also reported trust towards the Echo after the Q&A sets. Holistically, the affective primes show no significant effect on the trust propensity. For the subgroup of participants whose expectations of the product’s performance were met, both the perceived product competence and the affective primes have significant effects on trust propensity. These results demonstrate the complex nature of trust as a multidimensional construct and the critical role of product performance in trust formation. They also suggest that it will be difficult for a product to build trust with users who expect the product to perform in a different way than its intent — if one wants to design a product that builds trust, they should understand user expectations and design to meet them. This learning can facilitate the intentional design of the affective process in trust formation that helps build a healthy level of trust with autonomous products.
Shifts in space and self: Moving from community to university

University enrolments have grown at an unprecedented rate over the last decade and this participation is only set to increase (Kemp & Norton, 2014; Universities Australia, 2015). However, rates of completion during the same period have remained relatively static, and the numbers of students who depart university remains significant, consistently hovering between 15-18 per cent of the total Australian student population (Higher Education Standards Panel, 2018). Disproportionate numbers of these early leavers are from rural and remote areas, so exploring how regional and remote learners consider their post-schooling futures can provide some insight into the fundamental issues behind this attrition. In addressing the rates of attrition from university, a better understanding of the 'lived experiences' of learners is required (West, 1996; O'Shea, 2007, 2014). This research project employed a digital storytelling methodology to foreground the cognitive, affective and embodied nature of this university experience (O'Shea, Harwood, Kervin, & Humphry, 2013). For students from regional and remote regions the movement into higher education requires not only a geographic shift but also changes to both identity and relationships (Holt, 2008). Drawing upon a combination of interviews, focus groups and also digital storytelling, this project sought to deeply investigate two key areas. The first relates to how young people from rural and remote areas contemplate post-schooling options and the second area of exploration was the subjective experience of both considering and actually moving into the university space. Our research points to the deeply embodied nature of this shift and how young people themselves reconcile the changes and adaptations such movements require. Interviews and focus groups complemented the digital stories, which enabled participants to narrate their own experiences incorporating a range of media including oral, written and pictorial representation. This audio-visual genre is produced via accessible software and in a diversity of formats ranging from voice-over PowerPoint photos to edited videos, interview style (iMovie) to light-weight animations with voice-overs.
Dental Anatomy Its Relevance To Dentistry

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Student Procedural Fluency in Numerical Method Subjects

This study aims to explain the procedural fluency of students in numerical methods courses. Procedural fluency refers to knowledge of procedures, about when and how to use them appropriately, and the skills to carry out procedures flexibly, accurately, and efficiently. The method in this study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach and data analysis techniques for the Miles and Huberman models. In this study also performed triangulation of techniques by conducting interviews to strengthen the test result data. From the data analysis, it can be concluded that regarding the smoothness in students' procedural procedures in solving problems related to numerical methods courses, students are able to solve problems with more than one method. However, some students have not been able to streamline steps and make accurate calculations. In addition, mastery in operating a scientific calculator needs to be improved so that students can be more efficient and get more accurate answers.
Complex proximal tibia fracture dislocations managed by Ilizaorov fixator-A case series with review of literature

Background: Bicondylartibial fractures are serious injuries and are difficult to manage even for the most experienced trauma surgeons. The soft tissue around proximal tibia demonstrates poor healing response following dissection or manipulation. Hence surgical fixation of these injuries by osteosynthesis has shown mixed results over the years. Case Series: We conducted a prospective study of five consecutive patients of compound proximal tibia bicondylar fractures from January 2013 to June 2016. All of them were compound type 3A or 3B injuries classified according to Gustilo-Anderson grading system of open injuries. ILIZAROV fixator was used for treatment in all the cases. The fixator was kept for an average of twelve to twenty weeks. The patients range of motion and knee society score was recorded at the end of 32 weeks. Results: The average range of movements achieved in the knee joint was105 degrees at the end of eight months. Complications included knee stiffness and pin site infections. Knee stiffness was managed by subjecting the patient to aggressive physiotherapy by continuous passive movements. In one patient manipulation under general anesthesia had to be done. Two patients had pin site infections which were superficial and subsided by antibiotics and daily pin site dressings. The knee society score was excellent in four patients and good in one patient. Conclusion: This case series emphasizes the clinical success and low morbidity to the patient when treated with ILIZAROV fixator. The technique is suited well to manage complex proximal tibia injuries as it provides a stable construct in all the planes. Anatomical reduction of fragments can be achieved by closed reduction using olive wires during ILIZAROV application. This would avoid excessive dissection of soft tissue required during plating.
Turbulent bursting events within equilibrium scour holes around aligned submerged cylinder

ABSTRACT The effect of cylinder alignment on the turbulent bursting events and sediment entrainment around submerged circular and square cylinder within the scour hole are investigated in the present study. The quadrant analysis technique was employed to establish a correlation between the bursting events and the resulting coherent turbulent structures that affect the sediment entrainment process. The results indicate the existence of a strong horseshoe vortex system and excessive sediment entrainment within the equilibrium scour hole. The dominant longitudinal velocity component increases with the increase of the alignment angle of the square cylinders. The spectral analysis shows that the peak of power spectra and vortex shedding frequency decreases with the increase of the height of the cylinder. Also, the quadrant analysis of the bursting events shows that the Reynolds shear stress increases with the increase of hole size for the interaction events. The range of contributions of stress fraction towards the ejection and sweep events significantly increases with the increase of hole size.
Inter-species h-current differences 1 influence resonant properties in a 2 novel human cortical layer 5 neuron 3 model 4

15 Most existing multi-compartment, mammalian neuron models are built from rodent data. However, 16 our increasing knowledge of differences between human and rodent neurons suggests that, to 17 understand the cellular basis of human brain function, we should build models from human data. 18 Here, we present the first full spiking, multi-compartment model of a human layer 5 cortical 19 pyramidal neuron. Model development balanced prioritizing current clamp data from the neuron 20 providing the model’s morphology, while also ensuring the model’s generalizability via preservation 21 of spiking properties observed in a secondary population of neurons, by “cycling” between these 22 data sets. The model was successfully validated against electrophysiological data not used in 23 model development, including experimentally observed subthreshold resonance characteristics. 24 Our model highlights kinetic differences in the h-current across species, with the unique 25 relationship between the model and experimental data allowing for a detailed investigation of the 26 relationship between the h-current and subthreshold resonance. 27
Experiencing Voice-Activated Artificial Intelligence Assistants in the Home: A Phenomenological Approach

Voice-controlled artificial intelligence (AI) assistants, such as Amazon’s Alexa or Google’s Assistant, serve as the gateway to the Internet of Things and connected home, executing the commands of its users, providing information, entertainment, utility, and convenience while enabling consumers to bypass the advertising they would typically see on a screen. This “screen-less” communication presents significant challenges for brands used to “pushing” messages to audiences in exchange for the content they seek. It also raises questions about data collection, usage, and privacy. Brands need to understand how and why audiences engage with AI assistants, as well as the risks with these devices, in order to determine how to be relevant in a voice-powered world. Because there’s little published research, a phenomenological approach was used to explore the lived meaning and shared experience of having an AI assistant in the home. Three overarching types of experiences with Alexa were revealed: removing friction, enabling personalization, and extending self and enriching life. These experiences encapsulated two types of explicit and implicit goals satisfied through interaction with Alexa, those that related to “Helping do,” focused on functional elements or tasks that Alexa performed, and those related to “Helping become,” encapsulating the transformative results of experiences with Alexa enabling users to become better versions of themselves. This is the first qualitative study to explore the meaning of interacting with AI assistants, and establishes a much-needed foundation of consumer understanding, rooted in the words and perspectives of the audience themselves, on which to build future research. EXPERIENCING VOICE ASSISTANTS: PHENOMENOLOGY iii