Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Pre-Service Teachers' Attitudes towards Environmental Problems in Terms of Several Variables

It is important to determine pre-service teachers' attitudes towards environmental problems who will train decision-making individuals in the future. In this study, it was aimed to determine attitudes towards environmental problems. Their attitudes towards environmental problems were assessed according to several variables such as gender, undergraduate program and place of residence. The study was conducted with pre-service teachers being taught at seven different universities located in different regions of Turkey in the spring semester of the 2007-2008 academic year. Data were collected through a 30-item scale measuring attitudes Towards environmental problems. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as . 81. As a result of this study, it was found out that pre-service teachers' attitudes towards environmental problems are at moderate level, female pre-service teachers' attitudes towards environmental problems are more positive than those of male pre- service teachers, and significantly different. SUMMARY Purpose and Significance: Conducting studies on environmental education has gained great importance to train teachers as having high environmental sensitivity, adequate environmental knowledge and experience. From this view, teachers have become responsible with raising individuals as conscious about and sensitive to environment and environmental problems, exchanging bad behaviors with environment- friendly behaviors. In this study, a scale measuring attitudes of pre-service teachers from seven different universities located in different regions of Turkey towards environmental problems was developed and their attitudes were assessed based on their gender, undergraduate program and place of residence. Methods: The population of the study consisted of pre-service teachers being taught in different undergraduate programs such as Classroom Teaching, Social Studies Teaching, Primary School Mathematics Teaching, and Primary School Science Teaching at seven different universities (Marmara University, Dokuz Eylul University, Akdeniz University, Rize University, Anatolia University, Gaziantep University, Dicle University) in different regions of Turkey in the 2007-2008 academic year. The sample of the study consisted of totally 686 pre-service teachers (314 female and 372 male). Data were collected through a scale measuring pre-service teachers' attitudes towards environmental problems (CSTO). Data were analyzed through frequencies, percentages and means. Independent samples t-tests were employed to compare groups with two levels while one-way analyses of variance were done to compare groups with more than two levels. The level of significance was set as 0.5.
Designing the system for detecting unsuitable marble stones for an industrial process using convolutional neural networks

To the actual date, computer vision and neural network data analysis are actively developing and finding more and more applications in the industrial control engineering. These technologies are now used to deal with important problems that previously could not be solved without the help of a human as an operator. This study is devoted to the selection and configuration of a convolutional neural network for recognizing unsuitable marble samples on a conveyor belt, as well as creating an application for defining the position of these objects. Software for the classification of marble stones based on the YOLOv5 neural network model has been developed. The value of the precision and recall metric in the final experiment reached 0.957 and 0.947, respectively.
Dynamic Equilibrium of Sustainable Ecosystem Variables: An Experiment

Developing indicators to monitor the dynamic equilibrium of sustainable ecosystem variables has been challenging for policymakers, companies, and researchers. The new method matrix decomposition analysis (MDA) is an adaptation of the Leontief input–output equations for the disaggregated structural decomposition of key performance indicators (KPI). The main problem that this work addresses is related to the behavior of MDA when compared to traditional methodologies such as data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Can MDA be considered robust enough for wide applicability? To compare the models, we developed a methodology called marginal exponentiation experiments. This approach is a type of simulation that raises the inputs and outputs of an entity to a marginal power, thus making it possible to compare a large number of models with the same data. RMarkdown was used for methodological operationalization, wherein data science steps are coded in specific chunks, applying a layered process with modeling. The comparison between the models is operationalized in layers using techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation, cluster, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Given the results, we argue that MDA is a Leontief partial equilibrium model that produces indicators with dual interpretation, enabling the measurement of the dynamic equilibrium of sustainable ecosystem variables. Furthermore, the method offers a new ranking system that detects relative changes in the use of resources correlated with efficiency analysis. The practical value for decision-makers relates to the fact that we found evidence that MDA can be considered robust enough to identify whether a given ecosystem is in equilibrium and that the excessive use of resources or abnormal productivity can cause instability.
Entropy estimates for a family of expanding maps of the circle

In this paper we consider the family of circle maps $f_{k,\alpha,\epsilon}:\mathbb{S}^1\rightarrow \mathbb{S}^1$ which when written mod 1 are of the form $f_{k,\alpha,\epsilon}: x \mapsto k x + \alpha + \epsilon \sin(2\pi x)$, where the parameter $\alpha$ ranges in $\mathbb{S}^1$ and $k\geq 2. $ We prove that for small $\epsilon$ the average over $\alpha$ of the entropy of $f_{k,\alpha,\epsilon}$ with respect to the natural absolutely continuous measure is smaller than $\int_0^1 \log|Df_{k,0,\epsilon}(x)|dx,$ while the maximum with respect to $\alpha$ is larger. In the case of the average the difference is of order of $\epsilon^{2k+2}. $ This result is in contrast to families of expanding Blaschke products depending on rotations where the averages are equal and for which the inequality for averages goes in the other direction when the expanding property does not hold, see [4]. A striking fact for both results is that the maximum of the entropies is greater than or equal to $\int_0^1 \log|Df_{k,0,\epsilon}(x)|dx$. These results should also be compared with [3], where similar questions are considered for a family of diffeomorphisms of the two sphere.
A Pixel Circuit for Compensating Electrical Characteristics Variation and OLED Degradation

In recent years, the active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays have been greatly required. A voltage compensation pixel circuit based on an amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistor is presented for AMOLED displays. The circuit is composed of five transistors–two capacitors (5T2C) in combination with an OLED. In the circuit, the threshold voltages of both the transistor and the OLED are extracted simultaneously in the threshold voltage extraction stage, and the mobility-related discharge voltage is generated in the data input stage. The circuit not only can compensate the electrical characteristics variation, i.e., the threshold voltage variation and mobility variation, but also can compensate the OLED degradation. Furthermore, the circuit can prevent the OLED flicker, and can achieve the wide data voltage range. The circuit simulation results show that the OLED current error rates (CERs) are lower than 3.89% when the transistor’s threshold voltage variation is ±0.5V, lower than 3.49% when the mobility variation is ±30%.
Investigating Plasma Jets Behavior using Axisymmetric Lattice Boltzmann Model under Temperature Dependent Viscosity

This study aims to investigate turbulent plasma flow using the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method. A double population model D2Q9-D2Q4 is employed to calculate the plasma velocity and temperature fields. Along with the calculation process a conversion procedure is made between the LB and the physical unit systems, so that thermo-physical properties variation is fully accounted for and the convergence is checked in physical space. The configuration domain and the boundary condition treatment are selected based on the most cited studies in order to illustrate a realistic situation. The jet morphology analysis gives credible results by comparison with commonly published works. It was demonstrated also that accounting for the substrate as wall boundary condition modify greatly the flow and temperature structures with may affect absolutely the particles behavior during its in-flight in the hot gas.
Spinal Cord Stimulation Prevents Autonomic Dysreflexia in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Series

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in severe cardiovascular dysfunction due to the disruption of supraspinal control. Autonomic dysreflexia (AD), an uncontrolled rise in blood pressure in response to peripheral stimuli including common bowel routine, digital anorectal stimulation (DARS), reduces the quality of life, and increases morbidity and mortality. Recently, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has emerged as a potential intervention to mitigate unstable blood pressure following SCI. The objective of this case series was to test the real-time effect of epidural SCS (eSCS) at the lumbosacral spinal cord, the most common implant location, on mitigating AD in individuals with SCI. We recruited three individuals with cervical and upper thoracic motor-complete SCI who have an implanted epidural stimulator. We demonstrated that eSCS can reduce the elevation in blood pressure and prevent DARS-induced AD. The blood pressure variability analysis indicated that eSCS potentially reduced vascular sympathetic nervous system activity during DARS, compared to without eSCS. This case series provides evidence to support the use of eSCS to prevent AD episodes during routine bowel procedures, improving the quality of life for individuals with SCI and potentially reducing cardiovascular risks.
Interaction of Hyaluronan Acid with Some Proteins in Aqueous Solution as Studied by NMR

According to actual literature data, hyaluronic acid (HA) that is presented in the extracellular matrix can interact with proteins and thereby affect several important functions of the cell membrane. The purpose of this work was to reveal the features of the interaction of HA with proteins using the PFG NMR method by sampling two systems: aqueous solutions of HA with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and aqueous solutions of HA with hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL). It was found that the presence of BSA in the HA aqueous solution initiates a certain additional mechanism; as a result, the population of HA molecules in the gel structure increases to almost 100%. At the same time, for an aqueous solution of HA/HEWL, even in the range of low (0.01–0.2%) HEWL contents, strong signs of degradation (depolymerization) of some HA macromolecules were observed such that they lost the ability to form a gel. Moreover, lysozyme molecules form a strong complex with degraded HA molecules and lose their enzymatic function. Thus, the presence of HA molecules in the intercellular matrix, as well as in the state associated with the surface of the cell membrane, can, in addition to the known ones, perform one more important function: the function of protecting the cell membrane from the destructive action of lysozymes. The obtained results are important for understanding the mechanism and features of the interaction of extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan with cell membrane proteins.
Analysis of nutritional components and essential amino acids of Korean traditional porridge

ABSTRACT Adequate intake of foods composed of proteins may be necessary for the elderly. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional components of traditional porridge based on the recipe of traditional Korean literature, Jeungbo sallim gyeongj, focusing on chicken porridge, Uyang (beef stomach) porridge, and carp porridge. We analyzed their general nutritional and essential amino acid components, showing that chicken porridge, Uyang porridge, and carp porridge were all nutritionally excellent, but essential amino acids and branched-chain amino acids were the highest in chicken porridge among the three types of porridges. As a result, chicken porridge can be the most suitable for the health of the elderly in the time of COVID-19. In conclusion, this study revealed that traditional porridge based on the recipe of Jeungbo sallim gyeongj could be a nutritionally high-quality source of essential amino acids for the elderly, which can help maintain immunity and muscle strength in the elderly.
Effect of Organic Sources on Growth, Yield and Quality of Potato

A field experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Centre Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during 2003–04 and 2004–05 with potato cultivar K. Chipsona-2. The growth parameters and yield of potato were significantly influenced by the organic manures and chemical fertilizers. Maximum plant height (68.66 cm), number of haulms per hill (7.55), number of tubers per hill (8.33), weight of tuber per hill (626.66 g), dry matter content of tuber (26.30%), total soluble solids (5.03°B), specific gravity (0.975 g/cm3) and yield (245.60 q/ha) were recorded with the application of 100% recommended dose of NPK (160: 100: 120 kg/ha) + 10 t FYM followed by 100% of recommended dose of NPK alone. Maximum number and weight of A and B grade tubers were recorded in treatment T4 and T5, respectively. The highest net income as well as benefit: cost ratio (1.25) were obtained with the application of 100% NPK.
Down Syndrome Altered Cell Composition in Blood, Brain, and Buccal Swab Samples Profiled by DNA-Methylation-Based Cell-Type Deconvolution

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 that presents developmental dysfunction and intellectual disability. To better understand the cellular changes associated with DS, we investigated the cell composition in blood, brain, and buccal swab samples from DS patients and controls using DNA methylation-based cell-type deconvolution. We used genome-scale DNA methylation data from Illumina HumanMethylation450k and HumanMethylationEPIC arrays to profile cell composition and trace fetal lineage cells in blood samples (DS N = 46; control N = 1469), brain samples from various regions (DS N = 71; control N = 101), and buccal swab samples (DS N = 10; control N = 10). In early development, the number of cells from the fetal lineage in the blood is drastically lower in DS patients (Δ = 17.5%), indicating an epigenetically dysregulated maturation process for DS patients. Across sample types, we observed significant alterations in relative cell-type proportions for DS subjects compared with the controls. Cell-type proportion alterations were present in samples from early development and adulthood. Our findings provide insight into DS cellular biology and suggest potential cellular interventional targets for DS.
Energy-efficient automated driving: effect of a naturalistic eco-ACC on a following vehicle

The optimal control problem of eco-driving, driving a vehicle using a minimal amount of fuel or electrical energy, has received much attention in the intelligent vehicles literature with many recent proposals for eco-driving adaptive cruise control systems (eco-ACC). In this paper, we consider a recentlyintroduced ‘naturalistic’ eco-ACC approach, which was designed to give human-like behaviour in vehicle following. For this eco-ACC, we show that in car following and start-stop traffic scenarios, the eco-ACC benefits not only the ego vehicle but also a further following vehicle. To see if further reductions to total energy consumption are possible, we extend the eco-ACC system with an optimal control formulation that also minimises energy losses of the following vehicle assuming it behaves according to the intelligent driver model (IDM). This gives some minor reductions in energy usage but surprisingly, for a follower that behaves according to the IDM, the naturalistic eco-ACC appears to be nearly optimal for the problem of minimising total energy loss of both the ego vehicle and its follower.
Potential of Plant Exosome Vesicles from Grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Juices as Functional Ingredients and Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) have gained attention as promising bioactive nutraceutical molecules; their presence in common fruit juices has increased their significance because human interaction is inevitable. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of PEVs derived from grapefruit and tomato juices as functional ingredients, antioxidant compounds, and delivery vehicles. PEVs were isolated using differential ultracentrifugation and were found to be similar in size and morphology to mammalian exosomes. The yield of grapefruit exosome-like vesicles (GEVs) was higher than that of tomato exosome-like vesicles (TEVs), despite the latter having larger vesicle sizes. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of GEVs and TEVs was found to be low in comparison to their juice sources, indicating a limited contribution of PEVs to the juice. GEVs showed a higher efficiency in being loaded with the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) than TEVs, as well as a higher efficiency than TEV and PEV-free HSP70 in delivering HSP70 to glioma cells. Overall, our results revealed that GEVs present a higher potential as functional ingredients present in juice and that they exert the potential to deliver functional molecules to human cells. Although PEVs showed low antioxidant activity, their role in oxidative response in cells should be further addressed.
Evidences for a large hot spot on the disk of Betelgeuse (α Ori)

Abstract Massive evolved stars contribute to the chemical enrichment of the Galaxy. When they die as supernova but also through their mass loss during the several thousands of years of their red supergiant (RSG) phase. Unfortunately the mass loss mechanism remains poorly understood. Detailed study of the CSE and photosphere of nearby RSGs is required to constrain this scenario. Betelgeuse is the closest RSG (197 pc) and therefore has a large apparent diameter (~ 42 mas) which makes it a very interesting target. For several years, our team has lead a multi-wavelength and multi-scale observing program to characterize its mass loss. We will review here our recent results in near-infrared interferometry.
Identificar cobertura vegetal de suelo clasificando pixeles en imágenes hiperepectrales con SVM (maquinas de soporte vectorial)

Resumen: Se realizó un experimento para clasificar 4 clases de cobertura vegetal de suelo usando imágenes hiperespectrales, con 63 bandas. Se trabajó con un pixel representado por vector de 63 características (uno por banda). Se probaron nueve filtros y el análisis sin filtro. Para la clasificación se usó una máquina de soporte vectorial (SVM), con un kernel perceptor multicapa (MLP). Se obtienen precisiones aceptables mejorando muchas encontradas en la literatura [1][2]. Con este trabajo, se demuestra que es mejor usar imágenes hiperespectrales que las comúnmente usadas. Los resultados sugieren que es necesario emplear otras técnicas o preproceso para mejorar las clasificaciones en este tipo de imágenes.
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in B-Cell Lymphomas

Mature lymphoid neoplasms arise de novo or by the transformation of more indolent lymphomas in a process that relies on the stepwise accumulation of genomic and transcriptomic alterations. The microenvironment and neoplastic precursor cells are heavily influenced by pro-inflammatory signaling, regulated in part by oxidative stress and inflammation. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are by-products of cellular metabolism able to modulate cell signaling and fate. Moreover, they play a crucial role in the phagocyte system, which is responsible for antigen presentation and the selection of mature B and T cells under normal conditions. Imbalances in pro-oxidant and antioxidant signaling can lead to physiological dysfunction and disease development by disrupting metabolic processes and cell signaling. This narrative review aims to analyze the impact of reactive oxygen species on lymphomagenesis, specifically examining the regulation of microenvironmental players, as well as the response to therapy for B-cell-derived non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Further research is needed to investigate the involvement of ROS and inflammation in the development of lymphomas, which may unravel disease mechanisms and identify innovative therapeutic targets.
Onboard Observation Planning for Sequential Image-Based Planetary Landing Navigation in Unknown Environments

Autonomous navigation based on sequential images is widely accepted as an effective method to guarantee pinpoint landing and precise obstacle avoidance in planetary landings. Observing a large number of landmarks and processing a large number of images places a computational burden on landers with limited computational resources, but existing studies lack observation planning methods for landmarks in unknown environments that can be operated autonomously on landers. In this article, we analyze the observability of a vision-aided inertial navigation system and propose an observation planning strategy. The minimum number of landmarks and the minimum number of observations are obtained from the observability analysis, which is the boundary condition for observation planning. The landmark configuration planning in the observation planning strategy optimizes only univariate convex functions to efficiently select a small number of landmarks in unknown environments with high navigation accuracy, and the observation interval planning adaptively reduces the number of observations without significantly affecting the navigation accuracy. Simulation results verify the correctness of the observability analysis results, and it is found that the proposed observation planning strategy outperforms traditional observability degrees in terms of both improved navigation accuracy and computational speed when observing a small number of landmarks and can effectively reduce the number of observations.
Influence of weed-control method on productivity of rainfed soybean (Glycine max) in Vertisol of central India

A field experiment was carried out during the rainy season of 1998 and 1999 to study the effect of different herbicides on growth and yield of 'JS 335' soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] grown on clay-loam soil of Indore, Madhya Pradesh. The conventional practice of weed control involving dora (a small bakhar shape implement, drawn by a pair of bullocks between the rows of the crop) and 1 hand-weeding 30 days after sowing the crop, was effective in controlling the weeds and giving higher grain yield. The pre-emergence application of herbi- cides-metolachlor @ 1.0 kgtha, chlorimuron ethyl @ 0.009 kgtha and combined use of chlorimuron ethyl and metolachlor @ 0.009 kg and 1.0 kgtha, respectively, were equally effective in controlling the weeds and influenc- ing soybean yield favourably.