Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ovipositor and mouthparts in a fossil insect support a novel ecological role for early orthopterans in 300 million years old forests

A high portion of the earliest known insect fauna is composed of the so-called ‘lobeattid insects’, whose systematic affinities and role as foliage feeders remain debated. We investigated hundreds of samples of a new lobeattid species from the Xiaheyan locality using a combination of photographic techniques, including reflectance transforming imaging, geometric morphometrics, and biomechanics to document its morphology, and infer its phylogenetic position and ecological role. Ctenoptilus frequens sp. nov. possessed a sword-shaped ovipositor with valves interlocked by two ball-and-socket mechanisms, lacked jumping hind-legs, and certain wing venation features. This combination of characters unambiguously supports lobeattids as stem relatives of all living Orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers, katydids). Given the herein presented and other remains, it follows that this group experienced an early diversification and, additionally, occurred in high individual numbers. The ovipositor shape indicates that ground was the preferred substrate for eggs. Visible mouthparts made it possible to assess the efficiency of the mandibular food uptake system in comparison to a wide array of extant species. The new species was likely omnivorous which explains the paucity of external damage on contemporaneous plant foliage.
Development and evolution of a crisis support service at an international airport

In response to increasing concerns about the impact of disaster recovery work on responders, Pearson International Airport (PIA) in Toronto established Canada's first airport based 'critical incident stress team' in the fall of 1989. The original aim was to support the local airport community particularly in the event of an air disaster. Over the 17 years of operation, the goals and services of the team have shifted, founded on emerging theory and evidenced based practices and in keeping with the changes in emergency management systems. The service component of the team expanded beyond emergency workers and airport personnel to families and friends of those affected by disaster; the nature of the service became broader and more prevention focused. In addition, a research and training component has been added with the intent of better addressing the needs of those affected by disaster.
From weak to strong, dead or alive? an analysis of some mutation testing issues

The authors argue that strong mutation testing and weak mutation testing are in fact extreme ends of a spectrum of mutation approaches. The term firm mutation is introduced to represent the middle ground in this spectrum. The authors also argue, by means of a number of small examples, that there is a potential problem concerning the criterion for deciding whether a mutant is dead or live. A variety of solutions are suggested. Practical considerations for a firm-mutation testing system, with greater user control over the nature of result comparison, are discussed. Such a system is currently under development as part of an interpretive development environment. <<ETX>>
An investigation into the nonquasistatic effects in MOS devices with on-wafer S-parameter techniques

The high-frequency characteristics of MOS devices are investigated with a view to the identification of nonquasistatic (NQS) effects considering the Bagheri and Tsividis I-order NQS model as a reference. An exhaustive set of data is analyzed. It indicates the existence of NQS effects in long- as well as short-channel devices. Significant differences are observed between a charge based quasi-static model and measurements for a long-channel (25- mu m) device. A deembedding technique is suggested to observe the intrinsic device behavior up to a higher range of frequencies. <<ETX>>
Modeling and characterization of high-efficiency silicon solar cells fabricated by rapid thermal processing, screen printing, and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

This paper presents, for the first time, the successful integration of three rapid, low-cost, high-throughput technologies for silicon solar cell fabrication, namely: rapid thermal processing (RTP) for simultaneous diffusion of a phosphorus emitter and aluminum back surface field; screen printing (SP) for the front grid contact; and low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of SiN for antireflection coating and surface passivation. This combination has resulted in 4 cm/sup 2/ cells with efficiencies of 16.3% and 15.9% on 2 /spl Omega/-cm FZ and Cz, respectively, as well as 15.4% efficient, 25-cm/sup 2/ FZ cells. Despite the respectable RTP/SP/PECVD efficiencies, cells formed by conventional furnace processing and photolithography (CFP/PL) give /spl sim/2% (absolute) greater efficiencies. Through in-depth modeling and characterization, this efficiency difference is quantified on the basis of emitter design and front surface passivation, grid shading, and quality of contacts. Detailed analysis reveals that the difference is primarily due to the requirements of screen printing and not RTP.
Long-Term Effects of the Use of Organic Amendments and Crop Rotation on Soil Properties in Southeast Spain

The evolution of soil chemical properties over 20 years was monitored to assess the effects of the change in soil management from a rainfed to an irrigated model and the use of organic amendments and crop rotation. Intensive agriculture has been the activity that has caused most degradation and contamination of this soil. Long-term monitoring of the soil profile made it possible to assess its response to the application of sustainable agricultural techniques intended to offset these effects. Three profiles of the same soil were studied—P1 (1998), P2 (2003), P3 (2017)—to show the evolution in time and space. An incipient degradation process was detected in the first five years, verified by increases in salinity (2.3 dS m−1), exchangeable Na (0.5 g kg−1), and TN (1.3 g kg−1) in P2 in comparison with P1 (1.0, 0.2, and 1.1, respectively). There was also leaching towards the deep horizons for TN (0.4, 0.9, and 0.7 g kg−1 for P1, P2, and P3, respectively), and for assimilable elements such as P (1.1, 6.4, and 3.8), Fe (2.0, 2.1, and 5.6), Mn (0.3, 6.5, and 1.9), Zn (0.3, 0.5, and 0.9), and Cu (0.5, 0.6, and 1.3) (all mg kg−1, for P1, P2, and P3, respectively). Between 2004 and 2017, organic amendments (sheep manure) were reduced by 50%, crop rotation was intensified, and green fertilization and forage maize cultivation were included. As a result, P3 showed an improvement in comparison with P2, with decreases in EC (1.4 dS m−1), exchangeable Na (0.2 g kg−1), and TN (0.8 g kg−1). The change in soil management enhanced some soil functions (carbon sink and chemical fertility) and attenuated soil degradation.
Testing Herzberg’s two‐factor theory in the Thai construction industry

Herzberg’s two‐factor theory of motivation is widely known in management circles. However, it has been criticized regarding its validity in different work settings. Construction is an industry with unique characteristics which may have special effects on employee motivation. This study tests the two‐factor theory on Thai construction engineers and foremen following Herzberg’s interviewing procedure and compares the results to Herzberg’s. Responsibility, advancement, possibility of growth, and supervision contribute to job satisfaction, while working conditions, job security, safety on site, and relationships with other organizations contribute to job dissatisfaction. Recognition, work itself, company’s policy and administration, interpersonal relations, personal life, and status contribute to both satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Achievement contributes to satisfaction for engineers but contributes to both satisfaction and dissatisfaction for foremen. It is concluded that Herzberg’s theory is not entirely applicable in the Thai construction setting. Some factors should receive attention if construction employees are to be motivated effectively.
Pengaruh Motivasi, Kepuasan Kerja, Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan

The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the influence of motivation, job satisfaction and work discipline on employee performance at PT Aneka Warna Semesta Pratama. This research was conducted by non-random sampling method with the type of convenience sampling. The researcher distributed questionnaires to 52 employees of PT Aneka Warna Semesta Pratama. Data analysis using PLS SEM analysis. The results of the analysis concluded that motivation, job satisfaction and work discipline influence the employee performance of PT Aneka Warna Semesta Pratama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa pengaruh motivasi, kepuasan kerja dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT Aneka Warna Semesta Pratama. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode non-random sampling dengan jenis convenience sampling. Peneliti menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 52 karyawan PT Aneka Warna Semesta Pratama. Analsisi data menggunakan analisis SEM PLS. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa motivasi, kepuasan kerja dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Aneka Warna Semesta Pratama.
Vortex depth in unbaffled single and multiple impeller agitated vessels

Although vortex formation is usually an undesirable phenomenon in the process industry, satisfactory process conditions and results can also be obtained in unbaffled agitated vessels in the presence of a vortex. This fact and especially the low power requirements in these systems, with their immediate relevance to the energy problem in the process industry, show the true importance of vortex formation in agitated vessels. This article reviews the literature results and the correlations proposed for the prediction of vortex depth in unbaffled agitated vessels with various types of single and multiple impeller systems and presents a critical discussion on the basis of a theoretical analysis.
An implantation technique for polyimide based flexible array probes facilitating neuronavigation and chronic implantation

Flexible, polyimide based probes for chronic implantation provide a promising option for biocompatible neural interfaces minimizing foreign body response in the tissue and preventing electrode micromovements. Low mechanical sta bility is an issue for insertion of flexible probes. Solutions for precise intracerebral implantation are required to provide transient stability during insertion without obstructing functionality. We used flexible, polyimide based probes with lat eral arrangement of recording and stimulation sites and a reinforced punch hole at the probe tip. Via the punch hole at the tip, the probe was mounted to a support rod and was then navigated to the insertion site. While the probe was lowered into the tissue, neuronal activity was recorded via the flexible probe in steps of 200 µm. Characteristic multi-unit neuronal activity was recorded on the trajectory to the subthalamic nucleus. After insertion, the support rod was re moved and neuronal activity was measured from the subthalamic nucleus in the awake and freely behaving animal. The reported implantation technique facilitates precise insertion while preserving probe functionality.
ANÁLISE ESPAÇO TEMPORAL DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO SOBRE A MICRORREGIÃO DO SERIDÓ NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE

Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar as evapotranspiracoes potencial e real de area dos municipios pertencentes a microrregiao do Serido no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, utilizando do modelo complementar de Morton. Apos isso procurou-se espacializar os resultados para verificar como se distribui a ETR e ETP sobre a regiao. Pela analise feita ficou evidente que nas regioes onde a primeira e alta a outra tende a ser baixa. Foi visto que a ETR correspondeu a valores baixos na porcao central e a altos no extremo norte e sul da microrregiao do Serido tal como a ETP. Relacionando com a disponibilidade de energia concluiu-se que durante o ano essa variavel fosse mais importante no processo de evapotranspiracao do que a precipitacao sobre o Serido, tornando o Modelo adequado para avaliar quando houver a baixa na precipitacao.
IMPROVING THE LEVEL OF COMPETENCIES FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MALAYSIA THROUGH ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF E-TRAINING: A CONCEPTUAL PAPER

This paper intends to study the ways to improve on the level of competencies for Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia through enhancing the effectiveness of e-Training. The study reviews literature on the history of e-Training in Malaysia. The paper will be analysing four main independent variables (motivation factors, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), result demonstrability and perceived behavioural control) that play crucialroles on the behavioural intention to use the e Training system. Besides, this study also examines the relationships between the trainees’ behaviour with the dependent variables (trainees’ satisfaction, actual knowledge use and their learning performance) through improving the effectiveness of an e-Training system.
Escala de temor a la COVID- 19: validación de la versión en español en la población mexicana

Introduction: The fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S) is used to screen for symptoms of anxiety and depression related to COVID-19 in the general population; it consists of seven questions with Likert-type answers (1-5). Our objective was to vali-date FCV-19S Spanish version in the Mexican general population. Material and methods: Analytical, cross-sectional design. Three-hundred and six subjects from the general population were included during 2020 after having signed informed consent. Barlett and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) sphericity tests were applied. Reliability was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha, and external validity, using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for retest. Results: The general population sample included 306 participants; 64.4% were women (n = 197), mean age was 32 years (18-68). We obtained a KMO = 0.848, internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.870 (95% CI: 0.848-0.891), a rho coefficient of 0.508 (p < 0.001) and external validity of 0.151 (p = 0.008). Confirmatory analysis showed: χ2 = 22.802 (df = 13) with CMIN-DF = 1.900 (p ≤ 0.001), GFI = 0.972, CFI = 0.901, RMSEA = 0.062 (90% CI: 0.019-0.100) and TLI = 0.827. Conclusions: Accor-ding to our findings, the scale shows adequate psychometric properties: reliability, internal consistency, correlation of subse-quent measurements and convergence validity, for initial screening of Mexican general population.
Scaling Court Decisions with Citation Networks

To compare court decisions in a systematic way, it is typically necessary to first read these decisionsand thenapply legal methodstothem. Measurementmodelsthatsupportanalysts in thismanuallaborusuallyrelyonjudges ’ votingrecords.Sincethesedataareoftennotavailable, we instead propose a latent-variable model that uses the widely available references in court decisions to measure the decisions ’ latent position in their common case-space. We showcase our model in the context of forum shopping and forum selling of Germany ’ s lower courts.
The Effectiveness Of The Auditing Standards To Detect Fraudulent Financial Reporting Activities In Financial Statement Audits In Malaysia

In identifying relevant red flags to be used to detect possible fraud in financial statements, this study adopts the International Auditing Standard AI240 and adapts the US-based Statement of Auditing Standard No 99 (SAS 99). Both SAS 99 and AI240 classify the red flags into three categories: Opportunity, Pressure, and Rationalization. Opportunity Red Flags are found in situations that are ideal for people to commit fraud more easily due to ineffective internal controls, inadequate supervision or managers overriding internal controls. Pressure Red Flags are circumstances in which people have a financial incentive to commit fraud such as falsely overstating sales or profits to receive their bonuses or exerting pressure on managers to reduce actual expenses to be under budgeted costs. Rationalization Red Flags are situations where people have certain traits and abilities to commit fraud and justify it with false reasons which they believe are true. A Red Flag Questionnaire which contains 15 demographic multiple choice questions, followed by a five-point Likert scale with questions for 14 Opportunity Red Flags, 15 Pressure Red Flags and 11 Rationalization Red Flags was developed and distributed to three groups of auditors: External, internal and governmental. The study indicates the direct or inverse relationships between each demographic factor and each red flag. These relationships were identified by using multiple regression models. Three types of relationships are possible: direct, inverse and no relationship. These three types of relationships are as follows: (1) the relationship between the level of fraud-detecting effectiveness of each Opportunity Red Flag and each demographic factor, (2) the relationship between the level of fraud-detecting effectiveness of each Pressure Red Flag and each demographic factor, and (3) the relationship between the level of fraud-detecting effectiveness of each Rationalization Red Flag and each demographic factor. These relationships indicate which specific professional demographic factors are more likely associated with more effective fraud-detecting red flags. In contrast, other relationships also indicate which specific demographic factors are more likely associated with less effective fraud-detecting red flags. In conclusion, this research project should be conducted in other countries, so the result from one country can be compared to the results from other countries. Some results may vary between developed countries and developing countries. The learning curve or the period of time necessary for auditors to learn how to use red flags and then interpret the findings may also explain differences in the results between countries. This study may enhance the auditors’ understanding of the different levels of fraud-detecting effectiveness of red flags as well as when the auditors may benefit from using them in financial statement audits.
Market Response to Disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This article aims to disclose the CSR on stock price and trading and examine the profitability as the reinforcement variable between CSR disclosure on stock prices and the trading volume during the covid-19 Pandemic. The object of the study was the LQ45 companies in the Indonesia stock exchange between 2019-2020. However, the study only involved 38 companies. We used the 2019 and 2020 data accessed from the official site of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) www.idx. com. The closing stock price and trading volume data were obtained from www.yahoofinance. com. Data were tested and analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) technique. The study found that the disclosure of CSR was positively but not significantly influential on the stock price. The disclosure of CSR is negatively but not significantly influential on the trading volume. The profitability does not strengthen the influence of CSR disclosure on stock price, and the profitability does not strengthen the negative influence of CSR disclosure on trading volume. The research findings suggest the company management continues to run CSR programs despite the unstable economic conditions due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Bistatic scattering of absorbing materials from 30 to 1000 MHz

A wideband time-domain reflectometer has been used to evaluate the bistatic performance of the scattering coefficient of RF/microwave absorbers. The scattering coefficient has been measured inside an anechoic chamber in the 30-1000-MHz frequency range in the case of specular reflection. The scattering coefficient increases with incidence angle, and the measurement accuracy is +or-2 dB. >
A Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Postherpetic Neuralgia

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Korean medicine treatment methods for Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN) in Korea. There were 5 online databases searched (OASIS, NDSL, RISS, KISS and KMBASE) for studies which were related to PHN. A total of 12 studies were selected. Various treatments such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, and moxibustion were reported treatments for PHN, some of which included Western medicine and Korean medicine treatment. Korean herbal medicine was the most frequently used treatment method, followed by manual acupuncture. Sipjeondaebotanggami was the most frequently used prescription. Poria Sclerotium was the most frequently used principal herb, followed by Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma, and Ginseng Radix. GB44, LI4, LR3 were the common acupoints used for the treatment of PHN. CV12 was the most frequently used moxibustion point, and gabapentin was the most frequently used concomitant Western drug. Additional research on Korean medicine treatment of PHN is expected in the future.
Application of genetic algorithm for simultaneous optimisation of HEV component sizing and control strategy

This paper describes a methodological approach for the simultaneous optimisation of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) component sizing and control strategy using Genetic Algorithm (GA). In this approach, using a parallel HEV configuration and an Electric Assist Control Strategy (EACS), the optimisation problem is formulated. The whole set of sizing and control variables is then encoded as the chromosomes. The multi-objective target is also defined to minimise the Fuel Consumption (FC) and emissions. In addition, the PNGV performance requirements are considered as constraints. Finally, to evaluate the objective function, three driving cycles, ECE-EUDC, FTP and TEH-CAR, are employed. The simulation results obtained in this study show that the approach is effective, resulting in improvement of the objective value and FC.
Measurement of the target scattering matrix

The scattering matrix of a target generalizes the scattering properties to include a description of their dependence upon radar polarization. The matrix may be determined directly through two successive transmissions at orthogonal polarizations, with reception of each at both of the polarizations. In the laboratory, it is possible to eliminate the requirement for phase measurement by an indirect technique using successive measurements at six polarizations (five of which may be linear). In the case where results are to be applied to linearly polarized radars, it is sufficient to determine the "linear restricted matrix" by six linear measurements. Analysis is provided and measurement technology described and evaluated for both classes of indirect measurement.
Design radius requirements for simple horizontal curves on three-dimensional alignments

Current North American design guides have established mathematical relationships to calculate the minimum radius required for horizontal curves as a function of design speed, maximum superelevation, and maximum side friction. For three-dimensional (3-D) alignments, the design guides consider the alignment as two separate horizontal and vertical alignments and consequently ignore the effect of vertical alignment. This paper evaluates the effect of vertical alignment on minimum radius requirements using computer simulation, with a focus on trucks. For 3-D alignments, the results showed that existing design guidelines for minimum radius need to be increased by as much as 20% to achieve the same comfort limit on flat horizontal curves. It is interesting to note that in some cases truck rollover occurred before the side-friction comfort level is reached. This indicates the need for developing a different design control for trucks on 3-D alignments than the comfort criterion used for passenger cars on flat hori.