Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS CONTENT OF VEGETABLES GROWN IN INDUSTRIAL AREAS IN ROMANIA

Heavy metals represent an important health risk to people living in historically contaminated areas with these substances, especially due to their bioaccumulation in soils, through the transfer to vegetables affecting the health of consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) in vegetables grown in two nonferrous metallurgical industrial areas in Romania: Copsa Mică and Zlatna. Samples of potato, carrot and yellow onion harvested in these regions were analysed through atomic absorption spectrophotometric techniques and the results revealed elevated Pb and Cd concentrations in carrots and yellow onion grown in Copsa Mică area, while the concentrations of Pb and Cd in vegetables harvested in Zlatna area exceed the maximum limits only in carrots. Concentrations of Cu and Zn in vegetables analysed were below the maximum permissible limits, both in Zlatna and Copsa Mică area. Rezumat Metalele grele reprezintă un risc pentru sănătatea populaţiei care locuieste in zone poluate istoric cu aceste substanţe, mai ales datorită bioacumulării in sol, de unde prin intermediul legumelor ajung să afecteze sănătatea consumatorilor. Scopul studiului a fost să determine conţinutul in metale (Pb, Cd, Cu si Zn) al unor legume cultivate in două zone cu industrie metalurgică neferoasă din România ‐ Copsa Mică si Zlatna. Au fost analizate prin tehnici de spectrofotometrie de absorbție atomică probe de cartof, morcov si ceapă galbenă recoltate din aceste zone. Rezultatele relevă valori crescute de Pb si Cd in zona Copsa Mică la morcovi si ceapă galbenă, pe când concentraţiile de Pb si Cd in legumele recoltate in zona Zlatna depăsesc limitele maxime admise doar in morcovi. Concentraţiile de Cu si Zn in legumele analizate s-au situat sub concentraţia maxim admisă, atât in zona Zlatna, cât si in zona Copsa Mică.
Using camera-trapping to investigate the use of a tree as a scent-marking post by cheetahs in the Thabazimbi district

The use of a specific tree as a scent-marking post by cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) was studied on a wildlife ranch in the Thabazimbi district of the Limpopo province. A remotetriggered camera was set up at a marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) which was known to be scent-marked frequently by cheetahs. In all, 87 camera-days produced 43 photographs of various animals including African elephants (Loxodonta africana), African civets (Civettictis civetta), aardvarks (Orycteropus afer), white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherim simum), brown hyaenas (Parahyaena brunnea) and cheetahs. Twenty-three photographs of cheetahs were taken on 13 different occasions. The photographs were used to determine the gender of the cheetahs and to identify individuals by using their spot patterns. Seven different cheetahs were identified, all of which were adult males. Of the 13 cheetah visitations, 10 happened at night, two at dawn or dusk and one during daylight. Territorial marking included defecation on and under the tree, urine-spraying and clawing of the tree. The viability of obtaining a population estimate by using the capture–recapture method based on photographs taken at scent-marking trees is investigated.
Stratigraphic and geochronological context of human habitation along the Galana River, Kenya

Geoarchaeological investigations along the Galana River, eastern Kenya, document a pattern of channel aggradation and then degradation from the Middle to Late Holocene. Archaeological occupations at six sites in fluvial terraces along a ˜100 km stretch of the Galana River in Tsavo East National Park correspond with fluvial aggradation beginning ca. 6000 years ago. Artifact analyses indicate that the inhabitants of these sites utilized ceramics and stone tools similar to Pastoral Neolithic traditions detected at other penecontemporaneous archaeological sites in East Africa and possessed domesticated cattle from ca. 3700 years ago. The site occupations that occur during this period have dense artifact concentrations of predominantly locally procured items. The Galana River incised after ca. 900 years ago and there is a noticeable paucity of archaeological material, reflecting more peripatetic lifestyles. This shift in settlement pattern may reflect a decrease in reliance on riverine food sources during the Late Holocene, with diminished riparian environments associated with channel incision. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of rehabilitated freshwater and estuarine habitat by recreational fish

Aquatic habitat rehabilitation projects are often completed with no formal evaluation of their effectiveness. In Victoria, the Delatite, Goulburn, Acheron, Mitchell, Tambo and Snowy rivers, have recently had investment in rehabilitation of reaches. Methods and materials used included large woody debris (LWD) in various configurations including half-logs and artificial bank-cover structures (LUNKERs); and rock as boulder fields, bank reinforcing and current-deflecting groynes. Many projects were funded by revenues derived from recreational angling licences, yet there was no formal evaluation of the effectiveness of these methods in providing habitat for fish.
TOURISM, MUSEUMS AND THE LOCAL ECONOMY

This important book – based on new and original research – examines the economic impact, measured in employment terms, of the North of England Open Air Museum at Beamish. The authors provide a detailed assessment of the direct, indirect and induced employment generated by the museum. The assessment of the museum’s employment impact is placed firmly within the context of its historical development and of the region’s tourism activity.
A KINEMATIC COMPARISON OF THE RUN-WALK TRANSITION AND ULTRAMARATHONERS

The purpose of this study was to compare four kinematic variables seen as part of the runwalk transition with those same variables measured in runners of a 100km race. The sagittal kinematics of six elite, male, ultra-distance runners were analyzed from an equidistant point throughout the race. Vertical oscillations as measured from the greater trochanter and trunk, thigh and shank segment angles, from horizontal, were all measured and compared to patterns noted in previous literature. When compared it was observed that the 100km runners show significant results on at least one of the variables, meaning that some measured kinematics begin to show the signs of gait transition from a run to a walk.
"British, American, and British-American Social Mobility: Intergenerational Occupational Change Among Migrants and Non-Migrants in the Late 19th Century"

The occupational mobility experienced by immigrants in the nineteenth century has been difficult to assess because of a lack of both information on their pre-migration occupations and information on a comparable group of individuals who were observed at the same origin but did not migrate. We take advantage of new samples of Americans linked 1860-1880 & 18801900, British linked 1861-81 & 1881-1901, and British-American migrants linked 1861-1880 & 1881-1900 to compare the experience of migrants from Britain to the U.S. to both those who remained in Britain and those who were always located in the U.S. We assess the selectivity of migration and explore several of the mechanisms through which the intergenerational mobility of migrants exceeded that of both those they left behind in Britain and those they joined in the U.S.
COMMUTING AND WAGES IN THE BLACK HILLS OF SOUTH DAKOTA AND WYOMING

This paper examines the effect commuting has on wages in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. As there is no major metropolitan area within commuting distance, commuting patterns are likely to differ from those found in and around large cities. Given these differences, prior research that has focused on national or metropolitan data may not be relevant to the region. The results suggest longer commutes are associated with higher pay, but the rate of compensation is significantly lower than estimates using metropolitan data. Furthermore, professionally qualified workers are not compensated for longer commutes. It is argued that professionally qualified workers have limited job opportunities within the town where they reside, thus may be forced to commute to find appropriate employment in their field. The analysis may be applicable to other regions of the American West that have similar labor market characteristics as the Black Hills.
The relationships between parental and peer norms and moderate drinking among first-year college students: similarities and differences in typical and celebration drinking

ABSTRACT The study explored how perceived parental and peer norms toward moderate drinking can be related to first-year college students’ drinking behavior across two occasions: typical days and celebrations. First-year college students were recruited to participate in an online survey (n = 127). For typical drinking, perceived peer descriptive norms during celebration showed a statistically significant relationship. Both perceived peer descriptive and injunctive norms were statistically associated with typical and celebratory drinking by first-year students. Unlike the predictions, perceived parental norms regarding moderate drinking were not associated with alcohol consumption across two occasions. The results emphasize the subtle impact of various social contexts and reference groups on the drinking habits of the first years.
Paleozoic active margin slices in the southern Turfan-Hami basin:geological records of subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean plate in central Asian regions

Based on analysis of available geological and geochemical data,this paper states temporal and spatial distributions,rock assemblages and petrological features of slices of the Paleozoic active margins in the southern Turfan-Hami basin,and then briefly discusses tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Asian ocean.The slices consist mainly of Ordovician-Siliurian(? ),Devonian and Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary sequences,and Devonian and Carboniferous plutons.The temporal and spatial distribution of those magamtic rocks with various ages implies that the evolution of the magmatic front in the area is characteristic of southwards gradually migration.Those various magamtic rocks are similar both in rock assemblages and geochemistry to the calc-alkaline series ones of the island-arc type.Their above features,in combination with their regional geology,make us get primary conclusions that occurrence of the slices is related to subduction of the oceanic lithosphere plate,which is represented by oceanic remains within the Kangguertg Carboniferous collisional belt,northward under the Siberian paleoplate,and that these slices probably constituted the active continental margin of the Siberian paleoplate in the Paleo-Asian ocean with similar slices in the Ahay mountains,southmost Mongolian and central Great Khing'an ranges.The occurrence of the margin implies that subduction of the Paleo-Asian oceanic plate under the Siberian paleoplate continuously developed from the Ordovician through Carboniferous.
The Development of Communities on Large-scale Breakwater Reefs with a Comparison to Natural Reefs

Coastal defense structures currently make up more than half of the coastline in many regions, yet their ecological role is poorly understood. These structures represent novel habitat open to colonization and provide opportunity to investigate the processes driving community development in the marine environment. To investigate these processes, a series of breakwaters were studied in Dubai, UAE, where the addition of >65 km of breakwater has substantially increased the amount of hard-bottom habitat in the area. These were compared with those of natural reefs to determine whether processes structuring community development were comparable between reef types. Breakwater benthic communities appeared to follow a predictable sequence of successional development, becoming more similar to natural reefs with time. However, even the oldest breakwater community (31 yr) remained distinct from that of natural reefs. Breakwaters older than 25 yr had higher coral cover than natural reefs, but had lower diversity. Fish abundance, composition, and community structure was seasonally dynamic on >25 yr old breakwaters, resulting in divergence from natural reefs in the summer and fall, mainly as a result of adult migration and/or predation on breakwaters. Early benthic communities were comparable among tiles made of different breakwater materials. However, in areas of high coral recruitment, corals recruited preferentially to gabbro compared with concrete and sandstone. Wave exposure was an important determinant of coral community structure on breakwaters, with high post-settlement mortality resulting in a low cover coral community composed of few small colonies at sheltered sites. However, overall coral recruitment, mortality, and growth rates were comparable among leeward and windward sites and natural reefs. A manipulative caging experiment indicated few biologically significant effects from fish or urchin grazing on benthic community development. Overall, this study indicates that breakwaters can develop diverse and abundant communities, but that they are not surrogates for natural reefs.
Assessing the Long-Term Creep Behaviour of Hydrothermally Treated Japanese Cedar Wood Using the Short-Term Accelerated Stepped Isostress Method

In this study, short-term accelerated creep tests were conducted using the stepped isostress method (SSM) to investigate the impact of hydrothermal treatment on the long-term creep behaviour of Japanese cedar wood and to determine optimal hydrothermal treatment conditions. The results showed that SSM can effectively predict the creep behaviour of hydrothermally treated wood. Among the treatment conditions tested, Japanese cedar wood treated hydrothermally at 180 °C for 4 h exhibited higher flexural strength retention (91%) and moisture excluding efficiency (MEE) (44%) and demonstrated superior creep resistance compared to untreated wood. When subjected to a 30% average breaking load (ABL) over 20 years, the specimen’s creep compliance, instantaneous creep compliance, b value, activation volume, and improvement in creep resistance (ICR) were 0.17 GPa−1, 0.139 GPa−1, 0.15, 1.619 nm3, and 4%, respectively. The results indicate that subjecting Japanese cedar wood to hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 4 h has a negligible effect on its flexural properties but results in significant improvements in both dimensional stability and creep resistance.
Plasma Properties in the Earth's Magnetosheath Near the Subsolar Magnetopause: Implications for Geocoronal Density Estimates

Combined in situ ion measurements and remote sensing of energetic neutral atoms are used to determine the geocoronal Hydrogen density at large (∼10 RE) distances from the Earth. This method for determining the geocoronal density requires global magnetospheric modeling. Observations in the Earth's subsolar magnetosheath from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission are used to determine the accuracy of using global models to predict the geocoronal density. On average, gas dynamic and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models and observations are in reasonable agreement, with differences <25%. In addition, the MHD model subsolar magnetopause is about 0.5 RE sunward of the observed location. However, variations around averages are large (up to a factor of 2), indicating that global models introduce relatively large uncertainties in geocoronal density estimates. Finally, the critical ion flux in the Interstellar Boundary Explorer IBEX‐Hi energy range is often minimally affected by fluctuations of a factor of 2 in the density.
A Shock Sensor Based on Image Segmentation with Application to a Hybrid Central/WENO Scheme

A novel shock sensor based on image segmentation is proposed for flows with shock or detonation waves. It consists of a function computed based on the numerical Schliren formulation, which is the absolute value of the density gradient. A fast segmentation technique is applied to the sensor function to determine the threshold of the sensor. The candidate troubled cells detected via the computed threshold are further filtered by a Ducros sensor and multiresolution analysis to exclude turbulent zones from the troubled cells. The proposed sensor is applied to a finite difference hybrid scheme, tested for several cases, and compared with other sensors, namely the Ducros sensor, the multiresolution analysis, and WENO- and TENO-based sensors. The results show that the proposed sensor detects the shock and detonation waves more accurately than the other sensors with fewer cells and reduces the computational time of the hybrid scheme.
Spatial variability of soil fertility in areas cultivated with grains in the region of Paragominas, Pará state, Brazil

The application of precision agriculture techniques in the management of soil fertility has optimized the use of fertilizers, enabling more sustainable agricultural systems. In this study, we aimed to assess the spatial variability of soil fertility in areas cultivated with grains in the region of Paragominas, Para state, Brazil. The study was conducted in 17 farms in 2009 and 2010. We measured 1945 soil samples collected at the 0-0.20 m depth. The following variables were analyzed: pH, V%, m%, sum of bases, K, Ca, Mg, Al, CEC, CEC t, P, and OM. The results were evaluated by means of descriptive statistics and frequency distribution. The soils cultivated with grains presented low acidity; base saturation below 50%; medium to high values of K, Ca and Mg. The levels of available P in the soil were considered low or very low in over 40% of the soil samples analyzed, constituting the most limiting factor to production.
Analysis of Urinary Fibronectin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication associated with high glucose levels in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Fibronectin, an early marker of diabetic nephropathy, can indicate the occurrence and progression of renal damage. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare urinary fibronectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus. A sample of 50 DM patients was divided into two groups: the DM group and the non-DM group. Urinary fibronectin levels were measured using the ELISA method, while albuminuria levels were determined by the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Statistical analysis was performed to assess the relationship between urinary fibronectin levels and urine albumin. Results: The average urinary fibronectin level in DM patients was 2.07 ± 3.04 ng/mL, which was slightly higher than the level observed in non-DM patients (1.09 ± 0.56 ng/mL). However, this difference was not statistically significant (p 0.05). Additionally, there was no significant relationship found between urinary fibronectin levels and urine albumin (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that urinary fibronectin levels in individuals with DM were slightly higher than those without DM. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance. The lack of a significant relationship between urinary fibronectin levels and urine albumin suggests that fibronectin may provide additional information about renal damage in DM patients, independent of albuminuria. Further research is necessary to explore the clinical significance of urinary fibronectin as a potential biomarker for diabetic nephropathy.
Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics and Quantification of the Affect Factors for Reference Evapotranspiration in Heihe River Basin

Based on the daily data from 1960 to 2009 of 14 meteorological stations in Heihe River Basin and the surrounding areas,spatial and temporal distributions of the reference evapotranspiration in the Heihe River Basin were analyzed after calculation with the Penman-Monteith method recommended by FAO.Nondimensional relative sensitivity coefficients of reference evapotranspiration to climate elements of three representative stations in different regions were calculated to research the dominant factor of ET0's change combined with the relative change of the climate element.The results showed that obvious regional difference of annual and seasonal ET0 in the Heihe River Basin and the former is estimated to be about 568-700 mm in the upper course,800-900 mm in the Hexi corridor plain and over 1000 mm in the lower course.The ET0 of summer is the most in a year,followed by spring,autumn and winter is the least.In general,the annual and seasonal ET0 all decreased in past the 50 years,but also with regional difference,which increased slightly in the upper course and decreased in middle and lower course.The relative humidity is the most sensitive variable to annual ET0 in Tuole and Gaotai which belong to the upper and middle course,however,wind speed is the most sensitive variable in Ejina which belongs to the lower course.The seasonal and monthly sensitivity of climate elements in the three sites have a little difference.Wind speed is the dominant factor causing change of ET0,however,the relative humidity and sunshine duration contributed little.
33. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANIC CARBON PRESERVATION AND MINERAL SURFACE AREA IN AMAZON FAN SEDIMENTS (HOLES 932A AND 942A) 1

Mineral surface area (SA), neutral sugar (aldose) concentrations, and organic carbon content (OC) were measured in two holes from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 155 (Holes 932A and 942A) and compared to analogues from the modern Amazon River and Delta. Nearly all (>90%) of the OC in the ODP holes was tightly associated with the mineral phase; the two phases could not be quantitatively separated after sonication and density fractionation. Organic matter in Holes 932A and 942A can thus be functionally defined as adsorbed. There is a relationship between OC and a sediment transport pathway prior to deposition. When OC is normalized to a mineral surface area (OC:SA), sediments that were rapidly deposited and strongly influenced by the river had average OC:SA ratios of 0.46 and 0.39 mgCm -2 for Holes 932A and 942A. Sediment deposited indirectly through nepheloid transport had lower OC:SA ratios (average 0.32 and 0.24 mgCm -2 ). For comparison, OC:SA ratios of suspended sediments from the Amazon River average 0.67 mgCm -2 , and modern Amazon Delta sediments have a loading of ~0.30 mgCm -2 . Although aldose concentrations in Hole 932A decreased downcore, corresponding molecular compositional patterns do not suggest extensive in situ diagenesis. Rather, the aldose composition throughout Hole 932 lithologic Subunits IIA and IIB is similar to that of fine suspended particulate materials carried by the modern Amazon River, which are largely composed of degraded material derived from plants and riverine microorganisms. The aldose data support isotopic and lignin compositional evidence for a terrestrial-riverine source of organic matter in Unit II of Hole 932A, as suggested by Goni (this volume).
Response of the Mediterranean and Dead Sea coastal aquifers to sea level variations

The present study examines the response of groundwater systems to expected changes in the Mediterranean Sea (rise of <1cm/yr) and Dead Sea levels (decline of ∼1 m/yr). A fast response is observed in the Dead Sea coastal aquifer, exhibited both in the drop of the water levels and in the location of the fresh‐saline water interface. No such effect is yet observed in the Mediterranean coastal aquifer, as expected. Numerical simulations, using the FeFlow software, show that the effect of global sea level rise depends on the coastal topography next to the shoreline. A slope of 2.5‰ is expected to yield a shift of the interface by 400 m, after a rise of 1m (∼100 years), whereas a vertical slope will yield no shift. Reduced recharge due to climate change or overexploitation of groundwater also enhances the inland shift of the interface.