Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Industrial Age of Hacking

There is a cognitive bias in the hacker community to select a piece of software and invest signiﬁcant human resources into ﬁnding bugs in that software without any prior indication of success. We label this strategy depth-ﬁrst search andproposeanalternative: breadth-ﬁrstsearch. Inbreadth-ﬁrst search, humans perform minimal work to enable automated analysis on a range of targets before committing additional time and effort to research any particular one. We present a repeatable human study that leverages teams of varying skill while using automation to the greatest extent possible. Our goal is a process that is effective at ﬁnding bugs; has a clear plan for the growth, coaching, and efﬁcient use of team members; and supports measurable, incremental progress. We derive an assembly-line process that improves on what was once intricate, manual work. Our work provides evidence that the breadth-ﬁrst approach increases the effectiveness of teams.
Phylogenetic relationships in Dichroplus Stål (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) inferred from molecular and morphological data: testing karyotype diversification

The neotropical genus Dichroplus and related genera are characterized by a relatively uniform external morphology and a remarkably divergent male genitalia and hence its taxonomy is controversial. It also shows an extreme karyotypic diversification. In this study we used molecular and morphological characters to test the monophyly of the genus and to evaluate chromosome evolution. Twenty‐seven species from Dichroplus and related genera were included in the analysis. Morphological characters refer to the general morphology, male genitalia and female structures. Molecular studies were performed, sequencing part of two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase I and II. Independent and combined phylogenetic analyses of the data were performed under maximum parsimony. The karyotypic characters (rearrangements) were either mapped onto the combined topology or combined with the other data sets. While the molecular analysis confirms some results attained with morphology, some others do not. All point towards the paraphyly of the genus. Our results show the relevance of morphological data in phylogenetic studies because morphology and molecules supply complementary evidence. The mapping of chromosome characters on the combined tree shows that the most extreme karyotype, in D. silveiraguidoi, is a derived condition, probably reached through several centric fusions, and that X‐autosome centric fusions were recurrently fixed during the evolution of the group.
Board Characteristics and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria

This study examines the effect of board characteristics on financial Performance of quoted commercial banks in Nigeria for the period 2013-2017. Ex-post Facto research design was adopted. Board characteristics used include size, independence, gender diversity and board meeting. Data were extracted from the annual reports of the quoted commercial banks. Multiple panel regression analysis was used to analyse the data. The result shows that board characteristics have a significant effect on the financial performance of quoted commercial banks in Nigeria. Specifically, Board gender diversity hasa significant positive effect, and board meetings have a significant negative effect on board characteristic while board size hasan insignificant negative effect on financial Performance while board independence hasan insignificant negative effect on financial Performance. Based on the findings, This study, recommends that, the regulators of commercial banks in Nigeria should increase surveillance and supervision to ensure proper overall risk management that could safeguard the interest of all stakeholders and the reputations of the banks, The regulators and the management of the commercial banks in Nigeria should emphasize the optimal size of the board and board of directors should have composed of more independent/non-executive directors who are experts in the financial services industry to bring more independent and expert-based judgments and opinions with regard to risk management and the overall performance of the banks.
A comparison of deer hunters with disabilities and nondisabled hunters in Alabama: motivations and satisfactions in deer hunting

Abstract Approximately 20% of the United States population suffers from some form of disability. In the United States, leisure activities such as hunting are becoming more accessible to persons with disabilities, though little research has been published on this topic. Research has been conducted in South Dakota to categorize deer (Odocoileus spp.) hunters based on their motivation for hunting and to collect information about hunter satisfaction. This information has proven valuable to the state management agency, facilitating changes in management that increased satisfaction of the majority of hunters. We conducted a study in Alabama, which included both hunters with disabilities and nondisabled hunters, to determine whether motivations and satisfactions differed between groups. Hunter groups displayed some statistical differences, but practical differences were not found. This suggested that management agencies need not differentiate between groups when making decisions related to the motivations and satisfactions of these constituents.
Forensic Accounting and Fraud Detection and Prevention in Imo State Public Sector

The study investigates the effects of forensic accounting and fraud prevention in the Nigerian public sector with Imo state as a case study. The research design used was the descriptive survey. The study adopted structured questionnaire for data collection after validity and reliability test with z-test for the hypothesis testing. The result revealed a significant relationship between forensic accounting and fraud detection and prevention in the public sector. It was recommended among other things, that forensic accounting should be strengthened in the public sector and that the top level management should be committed to the program while the anti-graft agencies like the EFCC and ICPC should be repositioned to adopt forensic accounting techniques.
Socioeconomic factors to improve production and marketing of the pecan nut in the Comarca Lagunera

In the Comarca Lagunera 9 957 ha have been established with pecan walnut, with the region being the third in national importance. The studies of socioeconomic type in walnut in Mexico are mainly descriptive, studies that analyze the relationships between the different variables of the crop that allow making recommendations to boost their growth are required. The objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between various socioeconomic factors such as garden size, training and financing with variables such as yields, price, gross income, infrastructure for harvesting and sale of selected nuts. To obtain the information, a survey was applied during 2014 to a sample of 27 orchards distributed throughout the region. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance of a factor to compare the means of the groups: orchards that receive vs those that do not receive training, orchards that receive vs those that do not receive financing; and orchards of up to three hectares vs. more than three hectares. Differences were found in variables such as yields per hectare, price of walnut, sale of selected walnut, infrastructure for commercialization and income. To improve the situation of the walnut orchards in the Comarca Lagunera, it is recommended to strengthen the training and financing, particularly of the small producers and the importance of the size of the orchard, to look for forms of organization to achieve economies of scale in the production and commercialization of the pecan nut in the Comarca Lagunera.
The Types of Fear Experienced or Prevalent in the Nigerian Workplace

Fear is a problem of people and its existence in the workplace could cause a lot of damage to the organisation because of failure to acknowledge its presence. This study seeks to determine the types of fear experienced by workers or prevalent in public and private Nigerian work environments. To accomplish the objectives of this study, a crosssectional survey was deployed using questionnaires to collect data for the study. A purposive sampling technique was adopted in the selection of specific organisations in the identified sectors based on their size and selection of employees from these institutions was based on convenience sampling. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to employees of Tertiary Education, Health, Financial Institutions as well as the Civil Service (State and Federal) all in Benin City. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Also, descriptive statistical analysis, Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and Multiple regression tests were conducted at 0.05 levels of significances. The results showed that: there are different types of fear prevalent in the workplace and the most common types are fear of failure, fear of having disagreements that might lead to damaged relationships and fear of not meeting one’s expected targets; Evidence from this study revealed that fear exists in the workplace and the types of fear prevalent in the workplace are different in the public and private sector organisations. In view of our findings, we recommend that organisations can deploy the use of trust, shared vision, effective leadership and delegation of authority to reduce fear and to create win-win dynamics throughout the organisation.
APPENDIX MS4. VARIABLE IMPACTS OF FUTURE FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT IN THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT ON ECOSYSTEM STABILITY AND SPATIALLY EXPLICIT

Studies have demonstrated the importance of large biomass forage groups in model food webs, but small biomass contributors are often overlooked. Here, we predict impacts of three potential fisheries targeting relatively low biomass functional groups in the California Current Atlantis Model: deep demersal fish, nearshore miscellaneous fish, and shortbelly rockfish (Sebastes jordani). Using a spatially explicit ecosystem model, we explored fishing scenarios for these groups that resulted in depletion levels of 75, 40, and 25 percent. We evaluated the effects of fishing on ecosystem-wide biomass and spatial distribution of biomass. We also investigated the effects of fishing on ecosystem stability using multivariate time-series methods. Results indicate that developing fisheries on the proposed targets would have low impacts on biomass of other species at the scale of the whole California Current ecosystem. Ecosystem stability declined with fishing pressure, however. The spatial distribution of impacted functional groups was patchy, and concentrated in the central California region of the model. This work provides a framework for evaluating impacts of new fisheries with varying spatial distributions and suggests that regional effects should be evaluated within a larger management context.
Epigenomics, genomics, resistome, mobilome, virulome and evolutionary phylogenomics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) remains a major clinical pathogen and public health threat with few therapeutic options. The mobilome, resistome, methylome, virulome and phylogeography of CRKP were characterised. Methods: CRKP collected in 2018 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, screening by multiplex-PCR, genotyping by Repetitive Element Palindromic-Polymerase Chain Reaction (REP-PCR), plasmid size, number, incompatibility, and mobility analyses, and PacBios SMRT sequencing (n=6). Results & conclusion: There were 56 multidrug-resistant CRKP, having blaOXA-48-like and blaNDM-1/7 carbapenemases on self-transmissible IncF, A/C, IncL/M and IncX3 plasmids endowed with prophages, traT, resistance islands and type I and II restriction modification systems (RMS). These plasmids were of close evolutionary relationship to several plasmids globally whilst the strains also clustered with several global clades, evincing transboundary horizontal and vertical dissemination. Reduced susceptibility to colistin occurred in 23 strains. Common clones included ST307, ST607, ST17, ST39, and ST3559. IncFIIk virulent plasmid replicon was present in 56 strains. The six strains contained at least 41 virulence genes and four different K- and O-loci types: KL2, KL25, KL27, KL102, O1, O2, O4 and O5. Types I, II, and III RMS, conferring m6A (GATC, GATGNNNNNNTTG, CAANNNNNNCATC motifs) and m4C (CCWGG) modifications on chromosomes and plasmids, were found. There is plasmid-mediated, clonal, and multiclonal dissemination of blaOXA-48-like and blaNDM-1 in South Africa, mirroring international epidemiology of similar clones and plasmids. Plasmid-mediated transmission of RMS, virulome and prophages influence bacterial evolution, epidemiology, pathogenicity, and resistance, threatening infection treatment. RMS influence on antimicrobial and bacteriophage therapy needs urgent investigation.
Evaluating Hippocampal Contributions

It is well established that the hippocampus and adjacent medial temporal lobe (MTL) cortical structures are necessary for long-term declarative (conscious) memory, but investigators continue to cast a wider net, suggesting a considerably broader reach for these structures than standard perspectives have proposed. The objective of this chapter is to explore possible contributions made by the hippocampus to perception, short-term or working memory, and expressions of memory in the absence of conscious awareness. Questions about whether and how the hippocampus supports processing in these domains have garnered a good deal of interest in recent years, and healthy debate about the viability of claims that have been made in BookID 340105_1_En__ChapID 10_Proof# 1 30/11/16
Genetic divergence between half-sib families under different environments in Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata L.)

Thirty-two half sib progenies of Kachnar (Bauhinia variegats L.) belonging to different geographic regions of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, and Jammu & Kashmir were sown in glasshouse and field condition during 2004 with a view to assess the impact of two different environments on the expression of genetic diversity using non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis. Superior tree progenies were grouped into ten and eight clusters in glasshouse and field atmosphere, respectively. Families of plus tree T5 and T6 formed one cluster both under glasshouse and field back ground. Whereas, T3 and T9; and T2; T17 and T15; and T22; and T15; T19 T15 T15 T30 and T31, formed same group but different clusters. Intra cluster distance only under glasshouse condition was zero for cluster II, VI and X. The highest inter cluster distance was found between cluster X and III (12.293, under glasshouse), cluster IV and I (7.325, under field situation). Seedling height contributed maximum to the total divergence and played a predominant role in creating the genetic diversity.
Influence of Parents Education Level, Learning Styles and Student Interest on Learning Achievement

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of: (1) the level of parental education on student achievement, (2) learning style on student achievement, (3) interest in learning towards student learning achievement, (4) learning style on student learning interest, and (5) student learning styles towards student achievement in science subjects through student learning interest in SMP Negeri 1 Martapura Timur. This type of research is included in the quantitative approach with descriptive methods. The population in this study were all students in SMP Negeri 1 Martapura Timur, totaling 157 people. The sample was determined using the Slovin formula, so as many as 143 people were obtained. The distribution of the number of samples of each grade level is determined by proportional random sampling. Data collection techniques used are using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity using Pearson Product Moment correlation and reliability using the split half method. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and path analysis, after testing the classical assumptions namely normality, homogeneity, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence: (1) the level of parental education on student achievement, (2) learning style on student achievement, (3) interest in learning towards student learning achievement, (4) learning style on student learning interest, and (5) student learning styles towards student achievement in science subjects through student learning interest in SMP Negeri 1 Martapura Timur.
Improving QA Generalization by Concurrent Modeling of Multiple Biases

Existing NLP datasets contain various biases that models can easily exploit to achieve high performances on the corresponding evaluation sets. However, focusing on dataset-specific biases limits their ability to learn more generalizable knowledge about the task from more general data patterns. In this paper, we investigate the impact of debiasing methods for improving generalization and propose a general framework for improving the performance on both in-domain and out-of-domain datasets by concurrent modeling of multiple biases in the training data. Our framework weights each example based on the biases it contains and the strength of those biases in the training data. It then uses these weights in the training objective so that the model relies less on examples with high bias weights. We extensively evaluate our framework on extractive question answering with training data from various domains with multiple biases of different strengths. We perform the evaluations in two different settings, in which the model is trained on a single domain or multiple domains simultaneously, and show its effectiveness in both settings compared to state-of-the-art debiasing methods.
Short-Term Corticosteroids in SARS-CoV2 Patients: Hospitalists' Perspective

Background: Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. There is a hyperinflammatory response involved in the clinical course of patients with pneumonia due to SARS-CoV2. To date, there has been no definite therapy for COVID-19. We reviewed the charts of SARS-CoV2 patients with pneumonia and moderate to severely elevated CRP and worsening hypoxemia who were treated with early, short-term dexamethasone. Methods: We describe a series of 21 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV2 and were admitted to The Miriam Hospital in Providence and were treated with a short course of dexamethasone, either alone or in addition to current investigative therapies. Results: CRP levels decreased significantly following the start of dexamethasone from mean initial levels of 129.52 to 40.73 mg/L at time of discharge. 71% percent of the patients were discharged home with a mean length of stay of 7.8 days. None of the patients had escalation of care, leading to mechanical ventilation. Two patients were transferred to inpatient hospice facilities on account of persistent hypoxemia, in line with their documented goals of care. Conclusions: A short course of systemic corticosteroids among inpatients with SARS-CoV2 with hypoxic respiratory failure was well tolerated, and most patients had improved outcomes. This limited case series may not offer concrete evidence towards the benefit of corticosteroids in COVID-19. However, patients positive response to short-term corticosteroids demonstrates that they may help blunt the severity of inflammation and prevent a severe hyperinflammatory phase, in turn reducing the length of stay, ICU admissions, and healthcare costs.
CORPORATE BOARD DIVERSITY AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BANKS: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA

This study examined corporate board diversity and financial performance of Nigerian Banks. The paper employed a panel research design; annual data were sourced from banks quoted in the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) as at 2015 and were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) statistical technique. The result from the study revealed that gender composition and foreign nationality exhibits significant impact on financial performance of banks in Nigeria, though the strength of their impact differs. However, independent directors and board ethnic diversity had insignificant impact on financial performance of banks in Nigeria. The study envisaged that a high sex composition in favors of women, foreign directors and ethnic diversity in favors of southerners in the board of Nigerian banks will significantly improve their overall financial performance. This paper therefore recommends that foreign nationalities in the board of Nigerian banks should be increased because it enhances their financial performance by increasing accessibility to technology, information sharing and reducing inefficiencies in management; it is also recommended that ethnic diversity be given serious consideration if the goal of maximizing corporate financial performance is to be achieved in Nigerian banks.
Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among health care workers in a country with low burden of COVID-19

Introduction Greece is a country with limited spread of SARS-CoV-2 and cumulative infection attack rate of 0.12% (95% CI 0.06–0.26). Health care workers (HCWs) are a well-recognized risk group for COVID-19. The study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a nosocomial setting and assess potential risk factors. Methods HCWs from two hospitals participated in the study. Hospital-1 was a tertiary university affiliated center, involved in the care of COVID-19 patients while hospital-2 was a tertiary specialized cardiac surgery center not involved in the care of these patients. A validated, CE, rapid, IgM/IgG antibody point-of-care test was used. Comparative performance with a reference globally available assay was assessed. Results 1,495 individuals consented to participate (response rate 77%). The anti-SARS-CoV-2 weighted prevalence was 1.26% (95% CI 0.43, 3.26) overall and 0.53% (95% CI 0.06, 2.78) and 2.70% (95% CI 0.57, 9.19) in hospital-1 and hospital-2, respectively although the study was underpowered to detect statistically significant differences. The overall, hospital-1, and hospital-2 seroprevalence was 10, 4 and 22 times higher than the estimated infection attack rate in general population, respectively. Suboptimal use of personal protective equipment was noted in both hospitals. Conclusions These data have implications for the preparedness of a second wave of COVID-19 epidemic, given the low burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, in concordance with national projections.
Determinant Factors of Funding at Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia

DOI: 10.21276/sjbms.2018. 3.3. 5 Abstract: Company as an entity that operates by applying economic principles strives for the achievement of maximum profit and seeks to increase the value of companies as well as the prosperity of its owner. One of the main tasks of the financial manager in the operating activities of the company is funding decisions. A good company funding decision can be seen from the capital structure, namely the financial decisions related to the composition of the debt. Research Purposes To determine whether factors such as: Tangibility, Growth, Size of the firm, Liquidity, Non-debt tax shield, Income variability and the Age of the firm influence on Leverage. In this study, the sample and population are from SME companies ever registered in Pefindo25 year of 2009-2014. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique in order to obtain 72 samples. The hypothesis tests of the study were performed using the SPSS 19. The results of this study indicate that Tangibilty, Growth, Size and Liquidity have significant influence to leverage with the 95% confidence level. The implications of this study to determine the factors that influence the improvement of the company's assets, the capital increase of the company, the increase in sales of the company and decisions obtain funding from external parties (investors) to consider the risks of investing.