Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journalism Education as Scientific Education: Research University Students’ Engagement with Knowledge

ABSTRACT This study analyses the scientific character of journalism education at two Finnish research universities by investigating students’ engagement with knowledge. The journalism degrees of these universities involve scientific modules but clearly have a more practical profile than most research university degrees in Finland. This study draws on two influential concepts of university education: powerful knowledge emphasising a coherent theoretical knowledge structure, and expertise emphasising reflective integration of theoretical knowledge with other modes of knowledge. Fourteen students at the end of their bachelor’s and master’s studies were interviewed. The students’ social commitments, theoretical knowledge, integrative knowledge, and reflective knowledge were analysed using situational analysis. The results show that the journalism students’ engagement with disciplinary content knowledge was sporadic. The students’ interviews did not indicate a coherent knowledge structure. At the same time, the students demonstrated a robust capability to apply the scientific research process as an ethical method in journalistic work. Furthermore, the students demonstrated the ability to integrate diverse modes of knowledge. This study brings journalism education into ongoing international scholarly discussions on university education and offers conceptual tools that can be used to critically analyse and develop the scientific character of journalism degree programmes.
Cumulative risk factors contributing to hearing loss in preterm infants

Objective To investigate individual and concomitant risk factors for hearing loss during neonatal care. Design Case–control study. Setting Community. Population 237 children born <32 weeks of gestation; 57 with hearing loss and 180 with normal hearing born between 2009 and 2013, matched for sex, gestation and year of birth. Main outcome measures Data were abstracted from clinical records for overall risk factors daily for the first 14 days and then weekly until discharge from neonatal care. All infants were screened for the presence of m.1555A>G mutation. Results Children with hearing loss had lower birth weight for gestational age, more severe neonatal illness, with increased exposure to inotrope, steroid, gentamicin, vancomycin and furosemide, and more frequent physiological risk, elevated bilirubin and creatinine levels and acidosis, but no index child was found to have the m.1555A>G mutation, compared with one among controls. The duration of gentamicin, vancomycin or furosemide administration in the first 14 days was associated with impaired hearing (OR per dose: 1.25; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.38). Multivariate analyses revealed independent risks for hearing loss for each day when there was physiological risk (OR per day 1.15 (1.05 to 1.27)) and each day of medication exposure (OR 1.23 (1.1 to 1.37)). Conclusion Although the relative contribution of underlying illness and medication cannot be identified by this study, cumulative use of ototoxic medication and the presence of physiologic risk factors independently increased the likelihood of hearing loss, warranting close monitoring of coincident therapy throughout neonatal critical care.
A Numerical Method for Predicting the Perturbations of the Middle Latitude Westerlies

It is shown that the large-scale quasi-stationary disturbances of the middle-latitude westerlies are produced by the forced ascent of the westerly current over the continental land masses. Friction is found to have an important modifying effect on the motion. Using these results a numerical method is devised for predicting the height profile of the 500 mb pressure surface at a fixed latitude. The method involves the use of the notion of an “equivalentbarotropic atmosphere” and of the geostrophic approximation. Six actual forecasts are made for a period of one day and the results compared with observation. The accuracy obtained is thought to justify incorporation of the method into day-to-day forecast procedures. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1949. tb01258.x
What Factors Are Associated With Willingness to Use HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among U.S. Men Who Have Sex With Men Not on PrEP? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an antiretroviral medication to prevent HIV, is becoming more widely available in the United States since the Federal Drug Administration approved it in 2012. However, PrEP use among men who have sex with men (MSM) is still limited and many MSM who are willing to take PrEP are not on PrEP. We performed a systematic review to identify factors associated with willingness to use PrEP among MSM who are not on PrEP. The majority of the 23 relevant studies had low risk of bias and used a cross-sectional design. Willingness was associated with being Hispanic/Latino (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.01-2.78]), Black (OR = 1.41, 95% CI [1.02-1.95]), younger (OR = 1.08, 95% CI [1.02-1.15]), having no college degree (OR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.12-1.59]), or low income (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.12-1.32]). A higher proportion of MSM who had recent condomless anal sex (OR = 1.85, 95% CI [1.49-2.29]) were diagnosed with sexually transmitted infection (OR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.27-2.01]), or MSM who had multiple sex partners (OR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.07-2.32]) were more willing to use PrEP compared with their respective counterparts. Findings suggest that MSM with racial/ethnic minority status, low-socioeconomic status, younger age, and engagement in HIV risk behaviors are willing to take PrEP but may lack access. Study limitations include the inability to conduct meta-analyses on certain predictor variables due to a small number of studies. This review identified MSM subpopulations who may benefit from interventions increasing PrEP access.
Effects of Perceived Value, Service Quality and Customer Trust in Home Delivery Service Staff on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from Pakistan

Since e-commerce has expanded rapidly in recent years, it's clear that reliable delivery services are crucial to keeping customers happy. Supplying items on time, providing better service to customers, charging reasonable prices, and enhancing the supplier's reputation are all significant means of retaining existing customers and attracting new ones. The study's key research question is, "How important is the quality of home service? " The value that the customer attributes to the product or service has a direct impact on how satisfied they are with the purchase. Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, will serve as the venue for the gathering. Four hundred users of the home delivery service were polled via email. The Smart PLS framework analyzes conceptual models using partial least squares structural equation models (PLS-SEM). These findings highlight the importance of service quality, the perceived value of the service, and trust in determining customer satisfaction. Trust allows for a connection to be created between a customer's happiness and their perception of the service's value, as well as between a customer's satisfaction and how much they like using the service. These findings, grounded in Expectation Rejection Theory, expand the SERVQUAL model by factoring in perceived value in the presence of trust and so aid in the creation and validation of trust-based models of customer satisfaction. Managers can tell their service providers how to be more reliable and trustworthy by using the study's results.
Unbounded keyhole collapse and bubble formation during pulsed laser interaction with liquid zinc

Suppression of pore defects in keyhole laser spot welding demands for a theoretical description of the fundamental process. Investigating the unbounded keyhole collapse in liquid Zn instead of a solid provided a simplified situation offering several advantages. Improved high speed x-ray transmission imaging due to an enlarged keyhole in the absence of violent melt motion was enabled, which also facilitated the development of a semi-analytical mathematical model. Good correspondence between the experimentally and theoretically obtained transient keyhole and bubble shape permitted physical analysis by the model. Characteristic timescales were identified for post-vaporization, vapour relaxation, cooling, collapse, bubble contraction, oscillations and buoyancy. Recondensation due to rapid cooling turns out to be responsible for shielding gas flow into the keyhole, finally maintaining a spherical bubble. Creation of a convergent keyhole is a possibility to avoid bubbles.
Diffusion for global optimization in R n

We seek a global minimum of $U:\mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}$. The solution to $( * )({d / {dt}})X(t) = - \nabla U(X(t))$ will find local minima. Using the idea of simulated annealing, we consider th.
Fragment velocities, energies, and masses from fast neutron induced fission of U 235

We report on a complete ($2E,2v$) experiment for fast neutron induced fission on $^{235}\mathrm{U}$. The energy dependence of fragment properties so far known only for thermal neutron induced fission is studied. Experimental problems as well as difficulties in data analysis are considered in detail in order to obtain clean and unbiased results. In particular, a self-consistent determination of the fragment total kinetic energy (${E}_{K,\mathrm{tot}}$) was achieved by comparing the results obtained via the respective velocities and pulse heights. We find systematic discrepancies of 2 MeV if ${E}_{K,\mathrm{tot}}$ is determined from the observed pulse heights with the calibration scheme of Schmitt et al. Therefore, refined calibration constants were deduced by comparison with accurate radiochemical mass yields. Measurements were performed at neutron energies of 0.50 and 5.55 MeV. Our results include mean values of fragment properties before and after neutron evaporation, e.g., of fragment velocities and masses, total kinetic energies, and the respective variances. We also show the distributions of fragment mass, of ${E}_{K,\mathrm{tot}}$, and of the variance of ${E}_{K,\mathrm{tot}}$. In addition, the number of prompt fission neutrons $\ensuremath{\nu}$ is given as a function of fragment mass. Our resolution of 2.1 mass units reveals fine structure not only in the fragment mass distribution but also in ${E}_{K,\mathrm{tot}}({A}^{*})$ and $\ensuremath{\nu}({A}^{*})$. For the lower neutron energy of 0.50 MeV the present results compare reasonably well with similar measurements performed with thermal neutrons. Apparently the 0.5 MeV increase in saddle point excitation does not alter the results significantly. The improved accuracy of this measurement is demonstrated by comparison of our neutron emission data with direct measurements of fission neutrons. At the higher neutron energy of 5.55 MeV we observe the expected decrease of shell and pairing effects which indicates an increase in nuclear temperature. These results are in qualitative agreement with the model of Wilkins, Chasman, and Steinberg. However, a striking discrepancy exists for the number of fission neutrons, where we find that the increase in the total number of fission neutrons is totally accounted for by heavy fragments alone.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Urinary Retention Following Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Review of Current Literature and Meta-Analysis

Study Design Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Objective Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a common complication following lumbar spine surgery (LSS) and timely recognition is imperative to avoid long-term consequences. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to systematically review the literature in order to identify risk factors associated with POUR after LSS. Methods In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of the literature was performed using Pubmed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE database for articles on POUR following LSS. A meta-analysis was performed comparing patients with and without POUR; and the factors associated with this adverse event were analyzed. The pooled data were reported as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI; P < .05). Heterogeneity among the studies was evaluated using the I2 statistic. Results The meta-analysis included 10 studies compromised of 30,300 patients. Based on our analysis, patients who were male, were older in age, underwent instrumented fusion, had diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, or benign prostatic hypertrophy had significantly higher risk of developing POUR. Additionally, patients in who developed POUR had significantly longer surgical times and higher volumes of intra-operative fluid administration, as compared with non-POUR patients. The POUR patients also had a significantly higher association with urinary tract infection. Prior surgery, BMI, length of stay, and smoking status did not reveal any statistical association with POUR. Conclusions Risk factors associated with POUR following LSS include male gender, older age, longer surgical times, fusion procedures, larger volumes of intraoperative infusions, and associated comorbidities like DM, CAD, and BPH.
Suction and Oscillatory Blowing Actuator Modeling and Validation

Enhancing the ability to control flows in different configurations and flow conditions can lead to improved flow-related, energy-efficient systems. Certain active flow control actuators are effective at low Mach numbers, but the momentum and vorticity they provide limits their utilization to low speeds. At higher Mach numbers, robust, unsteady, effective, and practical fluidic actuators are a critical, enabling technology in any flow control system, though they are largely missing. A new actuator concept, based on the combination of steady suction and oscillatory blowing, is presented. The actuator achieves near-sonic speeds at a frequency range from 10 Hz to at least 1 kHz. It has no moving parts and therefore is expected to have superior effectiveness and reliability. The operating principles of the new actuator are presented along with two computational models and their experimental validation.
Spinning eggs and ballerinas

Measurements are presented on the rise of a spinning egg. It was found that the spin, the angular momentum and the kinetic energy all decrease as the egg rises, unlike the case of a ballerina who can increase her spin and kinetic energy by reducing her moment of inertia. The observed effects can be explained, in part, in terms of rolling friction between the egg and the surface on which it spins.
Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia Produces Memory Deficits Associated with Impairment of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in Young Rats

Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia (HCY) is a common pregnancy complication caused by high levels of the homocysteine in maternal and fetal blood, which leads to the alterations of the cognitive functions, including learning and memory. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of these alterations in a rat model of maternal HCY. The behavioral tests confirmed the memory impairments in young and adult rats following the prenatal HCY exposure. Field potential recordings in hippocampal slices demonstrated that the long-term potentiation (LTP) was significantly reduced in HCY rats. The whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in hippocampal slices demonstrated that the magnitude of NMDA receptor-mediated currents did not change while their desensitization decreased in HCY rats. No significant alterations of glutamate receptor subunit expression except GluN1 were detected in the hippocampus of HCY rats using the quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot methods. The immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the number of synaptopodin-positive spines is reduced, while the analysis of the ultrastructure of hippocampus using the electron microscopy revealed the indications of delayed hippocampal maturation in young HCY rats. Thus, the obtained results suggest that maternal HCY disturbs the maturation of hippocampus during the first month of life, which disrupts LTP formation and causes memory impairments.
Immediate Effects of Hypnosis, Mindfulness Meditation, and Prayer on Cold Pressor Outcomes: A Four-Arm Parallel Experimental Study

Purpose Previous research supports the usefulness of hypnosis (HYP), mindfulness meditation (MM), and prayer as pain self-management strategies in adults with chronic pain. However, their effects on acute pain have been less researched, and no previous head-to-head study compared the immediate effects of these three approaches on pain-related outcomes. This study compared the immediate effects of HYP, MM, and Christian prayer (CP) on pain intensity, pain tolerance, and stress as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). Participants and Methods A total of 232 healthy adults were randomly assigned to, and completed, a single 20-minute session of MM, SH, CP, or an attention control (CN), and underwent two cycles (one pre- and one post-intervention) of Cold Pressor Arm Wrap (CPAW). Sessions were audio-delivered. Participants responded to pre- and post-intervention pain intensity measurements. Pain tolerance (sec) was assessed during the CPAW cycles. HRV was assessed at baseline, and at pre- and post-intervention CPAW cycles. The study protocol was pre-registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov registry (NCT04491630). Results Small within-group decreases in pain intensity and small increases in pain tolerance were found for HYP and MM from the pre- to the post-intervention. Small within-group improvements in the LH/HF ratio were also found for HYP. The exploratory between-group pairwise comparisons revealed a medium effect size effects of HYP on pain tolerance relative to the control condition. The effects of CP were positive, but small and not statistically significant. Only small to medium, though non-significant, Time × Group interaction effects were found. Conclusion Study results suggest that single short-term HYP and MM sessions, but not biblical-based CP, may be useful for acute pain self-management, with HYP being the slightly superior option. Future research should compare the effects of different types of prayer and examine the predictors and moderators of these pain approaches’ effects on pain-related outcomes.
Near-Stoichiometric LiTaO 3 for Bulk Quasi-Phase-Matched Devices

Photorefractive damage at u =532 nm and green-light-induced infrared absorption (GRIIRA) of near-stoichiometric LiTaO 3 (SLT) single crystals were investigated. The SLT crystal even without MgO doping showed high photorefractive damage resistance and suppressed GRIIRA. In addition, a small amount of MgO doped into the SLT crystal almost eliminated the photorefractive damage and GRIIRA. A 3-mm-thick periodically poled SLT (PPSLT) and a 1-mm-thick periodically poled MgO-doped SLT (PPMgSLT) were successfully fabricated and their optical parametric oscillation (OPO) performances were investigated.
Investigating Knowledge of Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship Concepts Among Final Year Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in Northern Nigeria

Introduction Well trained, knowledgeable and competent pharmacists are indispensable in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a current global public health problem. The aim of this work was to assess knowledge of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship of fifth year pharmacy students at three universities in Northern Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study that used a paper-based questionnaire to collect data from July to September 2021 was conducted. The questionnaire was self-administered and divided into four sections. The first section collected information about the demographic data of respondents, while section B explored their knowledge of antibiotics and AMR. Section C contained six questions assessing knowledge of various aspects of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), while the final part assessed respondents’ preparedness to work with antibiotics and perceptions of their current knowledge of these concepts. Descriptive statistics were used to report the results obtained. Results A total of 164 questionnaires were retrieved. Majority of respondents were male (58.3%) and aged between 21 and 25 years (53.4%). Most of them had some knowledge of antibiotics and AMR, however several misconceptions with respect to these concepts were identified. Only 80 (48.8%) of respondents indicated that they knew what AMS was, although most of these students were correctly knowledgeable about the goals and scope of AMS and composition of the AMS team. Generally, less than half of respondents agreed that their current knowledge of antibiotics, AMR or AMS was adequate for their future careers, and over 90% of them agreed that they would like more education about these topics. Conclusion Many of the study’s’ respondents were somewhat knowledgeable about these concepts, although several knowledge gaps were also observed. Improving undergraduate pharmacy education with respect to these concepts is recommended.
Structural properties of linear probabilistic constraints

The article provides a structural analysis of the feasible set defined by linear probabilistic constraints. Emphasis is laid on single (individual) probabilistic constraints. A classical convexity result by Van de Panne/Popp and Kataoka is extended to a broader class of distributions and to more general functions of the decision vector. The range of probability levels for which convexity can be expected is exactly identified. Apart from convexity, also nontriviality and compactness of the feasible set are precisely characterized at the same time. The relation between feasible sets with negative and with nonnegative right-hand side is revealed. Finally, an existence result is formulated for the more difficult case of joint probabilistic constraints. This work was supported by the DFG Research Center MATHEON Mathematics for key technologies in Berlin.
Two-dimensional hydrodynamic calculations of the nonlinear development of the Goldreich-Schubert-Fricke instability in a rotating annulus

The Goldreich-Schubert-Fricke (GSF) instability may be an important mechanism affecting the angular momentum distribution of rotating stars and gaseous planets. Two-dimensional nonlinear hydrodynamic calculations are presented, which may help assess the effectiveness of the instability in transporting angular momentum in the equatorial zones of stars and planets which are stably stratified with respect to convection
STABILITY OF THE SOLUTION SET OF NON-COERCIVE VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES

In this paper, we study the stability of the solution set of a non-coercive variational inequality with respect to small perturbations of the data involved in the problem. This research is done using well-known tools of convex analysis and the concept of well-positioned convex sets (which is defined and studied).
Numerical Modeling of Natural Convection Heat Transfer From a Horizontal Torus

Laminar natural convection heat transfer from a torus is numerically investigated for two conditions: having an isothermal surface or being uniformly heated. Tori with different diameter ratios are examined under laminar conditions. The computational procedure is based on the finite volume technique. Results are presented in the form of velocity and temperature contour plots around the perimeter of the torus. Heat transfer data are generated and presented in terms of the average Nusselt number versus the modified Rayleigh number. General correlations of Nusselt numbers in terms of a wide range of Rayleigh or modified Rayleigh number are obtained to cover two different heating conditions.