Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Audit of cardiovascular risk assessment and lipid management by Canadian primary care physicians

BACKGROUND: Assessment of cardiovascular risk is an essential component of preventive cardiology. Despite guideline recommendations, risk assessment remains highly variable. Further efforts to understand the knowledge and action gaps for risk assessment and lipid management in contemporary primary care are warranted. METHODS: A retrospective chart audit of 105 physicians participating in an observational registry of healthy middle-age Canadians free of known cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes or treated dyslipidemia seen between 2008 and 2009 was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 1061 patients from across Canada were reviewed. The mean age was 57 years, 61% were male, 75% were Caucasian, 39% were hypertensive and 29% had a smoking history. The Framingham risk score (FRS) was used by 61% of physicians for CVD risk assessment. Overall, 48% of patients were considered to be low risk, 40% intermediate and 12% high risk by physician assessment. This was a significant overestimation of risk (P<0.0001) compared with centrally derived FRS of 64%, 26% and 10%, respectively. Risk was overestimated more often in women (P<0.002). Statin therapy was prescribed to 390 patients (37%); however, 36.5% of patients who were eligible for treatment, according to national guidelines, were not treated, while 19.9% of noneligible patients did receive therapy. CONClUSIONS: Despite guideline recommendations, the FRS was underutilized by Canadian primary care physicians. There was considerable discrepancy between centrally derived and physician-derived risk scores. Appropriate statin therapy appeared to be underprescribed by physicians despite an overestimation of risk. Improved dissemination of risk stratification tools and guideline recommendations are needed to optimize CVD risk reduction in primary care.
Baclofen pharmacokinetics in rats

: The pharmacokinetics of baclofen was studied in the rat blood plasma and brain. The concentrations of the agent were found to be considerably lower in the brain than in the plasma. This is associated with the weakly pronounced lipophilicity of the agent in question and with the protective properties of the blood-brain barrier. Baclofen penetrates into the brain middle regions to a greater extent than into cerebral hemispheres.
Hepatitis B: an occupational hazard of health care facilities.

: Hepatitis B is recognized as a major health hazard to hospital personnel. During a four-year period, 30 cases of hepatitis B were attributed to work at an urban medical center. Only four of these 30 individuals described a relevant accident in advance of their hepatitis and five others retrospectively suggested a specific episode that might have accounted for their illness. Early symptoms of the illness were nonspecific and routine monitoring and clinical awareness are necessary for early diagnosis. All employees recuperated from their acute hepatitis, but one developed chronic active hepatitis. The incidence and morbidity of the disease emphasize the need for more effective control measures. The inconspicuous exposures responsible for the illnesses observed render it unlikely that any postexposure immune globulin prophylaxis will suffice in further reducing the incidence of hepatitis B.
Bacteriological profile and antibiogram of blood culture isolates from a tertiary care hospital of North India

Introduction: Blood stream infections cause a significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rapid and reliable detection of bacterial pathogens and rational use of antimicrobials are required for proper management. The present work was undertaken to study the bacteriological profile along with the antibiogram of the blood culture isolates from clinically diagnosed cases of sepsis. Materials and Methods: During the 1-year study period, 3472 blood samples from patients with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis were received at the Emergency Microbiology Laboratory of a 2500-bedded tertiary care hospital of North India. Bacteriological identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed for all bacterial isolates by following the standard protocol. Results: Culture positivity was seen in 16.5% of the septicemic cases. The most common bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli (22.4%) followed by Klebsiella species (19.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.3%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (17.4%). About 26.5% of S. aureus were methicillin-resistant. Vancomycin (100%), gentamicin (87.9%), and ciprofloxacin (73%) showed the highest activity among the Gram-positive isolates. Most of the Gram-negative bacteria were multi-drug resistant (67.1%). Imipenem (98.8%), amikacin (90.8%), and cefoperazone/sulbactam combination (81.1%) showed the highest activity among Enterobacteriaceae. Nonfermenters in majority were susceptible to imipenem (88.2%), amikacin (81.6%), and piperacillin/tazobactam combination (72.4%). Gram-negative isolates showed 100% sensitivity toward colistin. Conclusion: The present study highlights the bacteriological etiology of sepsis along with the antibiogram of septicemic isolates that may provide necessary information for the formulation of antibiotic policy in effective management of such cases.
[Energy requirements of miners engaged in open-pit coal mining].

: It has been found that according to the value of daily energy consumption the coal miners engaged in open-cast mining should be referred to group III-IV of work intensity. The determining component of daily energy consumption is energy consumption during the working period the value of which depends on the character of working activity and duration of the working shift. The method of strict evaluation of the calorific value of the food taken and the control of body mass is acceptable for the assessment of daily energy consumption.
Evaluation of Vocational Training Program from the Trainees' Perspective: An Empirical Study

Vocational education and training (VET) is directed towards the teaching of skills and knowledge which are useful in occupations and include programs such as technical, business and commercial studies. Vocational training focuses on practical skills learned unlike academic education and is usually provided at the senior school level. VET plays an important role in the nation's education initiative. To ensure quality vocational education, training teachers to build teaching resources is crucial. This paper presents the results of an empirical study undertaken to find out the effectiveness of a VET program from the trainee's perspective. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated by using the Kirkpatrick's Model. The sample consisted of 100 teachers belonging to leading CBSE schools of Indore. Chi-square tests revealed that gender and designation have an insignificant association with the efficacy gap. Paired sample t test concluded that the trainees experience does not exceed their expectations. Further, factor analysis was conducted to group the variables into factors which fairly matched with the four levels of Kirkpatrick's Model with a few exceptions. Regression analysis revealed that the factors extracted contribute insignificantly to training effectiveness. Implications of these findings are discussed in the paper.
Exploring engagement: a grounded theory study of young people’s interactions with healthcare professionals

Background There is growing recognition in health policies and professional guidance that youth-friendly services must include the values and views of young people in their healthcare. The term “engagement” has become increasingly used in literature to recommend that healthcare professionals should involve young people in participatory methods and include them in their decision-making. Yet, the engagement of young people within health interactions remains a complicated process, often influenced by lived contexts, value systems and lifestyle choices. Successful engagement of young people is often cited to ameliorate health-related behaviours, improve health outcomes and increase awareness of their health needs; yet, a paucity of research exists for healthcare professionals seeking to engage young people effectively in healthcare interactions. Study Aim To explore and define young people’s engagement within their healthcare interactions. Methods A grounded theory study was conducted over a six-month period to gather young people’s perceptions of their health interactions. Results The grounded theory study identified that young people produce engagement-related behaviour by means of an interpretive process. Three interconnected theoretical categories emerged: (i) prejudgement, the beliefs with which young people enter into health interactions; (ii) learning to be a patient, the means by which young people learn from their interactions to develop in-context engagement-related behaviour; and (iii) validation, the selective interpretation of information to justify their perception of the interaction. The core category identified that young people demonstrate a reliance on affect heuristics within healthcare interactions, which may influence the extent young people feel able to engage with healthcare professionals. This was elevated into a substantive theory of affect-mediated engagement. Conclusion Findings suggest that a dual-process perspective of cognition may be useful to understand how young people engage in their healthcare; this could potentially be used by healthcare professionals to target issues that impact on a young person’s engagement. This study’s findings form a basis which would benefit nurses, occupational therapists and other healthcare professionals in developing person-centred interactions that empower young people in becoming stakeholders in their own health.
Characterisation of the egg secretions of Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosomiasis is a chronic debilitating disease caused by several species of parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma. Pathology in the disease occurs mainly due to the presence of the eggs laid by the worm in the host bloodstream. The secretions of the egg are believed to be involved in two aspects of the disease. Firstly, it is assumed that they are essential in the process of egg escape from the host, which is clearly required for the life cycle of the parasite to continue, and has also been demonstrated to be dependant on the host's own immune response. Secondly, they are believed to elicit the formation of granulomas that occur around eggs that become trapped in the host's liver. It is the formation of these granulomas that leads to the major pathological consequences of infections. Although much work has been done on the proteins of the egg, its secretions have never been systematically studied and characterised and little attention has been paid to its basic physiology. An ultrastructural examination of the egg identified that the syncytial envelope which surrounds the developing miracidium in many species of trematodes is a biosynthetically active tissue and it therefore capable of synthesising the secretions itself, without the involvement of the miracidium. Culturing eggs in serum free medium has enabled the secretions to be collected directly and systematically characterised. Zymography has shown that two of the proteins are proteases of different specificities. Proteomics techniques, including separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis, peptide mass fingerprinting and peptide sequencing using tandem mass spectrometry have enabled genes encoding several of the secreted proteins to be identified.
Investigating the transition from chronic low back or neck pain to widespread pain and fibromy[a]lgia

Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests that chronic low back pain, chronic neck pain, widespread pain (WSP), and fibromyalgia (FM) share a common underlying mechanism, namely central sensitization. Research demonstrates that a majority of individuals with WSP and FM and some people with chronic low back or neck pain (termed chronic regional spinal pain, CRSP) exhibit altered pain processing which is characteristic of the neuroplastic changes of central sensitization. Perhaps due to this shared pathophysiology, recent studies have demonstrated that a subset of individuals with chronic low back or neck pain develop WSP and/or FM over time. Less clear are the specific risk factors that predispose a person with chronic low back or neck pain to the development of these widespread pain disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency with which patients with chronic low back or neck pain develop WSP or FM and to determine the risk factors which place a person at risk for this transition. Knowing the predictive factors for the development of WSP and FM in patients with CRSP is critical in that numerous studies have demonstrated that WSP and FM are associated with more severe clinical outcomes as compared to CRSP. Identifying a group of patients with CRSP who are at a higher risk of developing WSP or FM would provide an opportunity for the nursing and medical community to intervene in this downward trajectory. Methods: 2,256 patients previously seen by a multidisciplinary pain clinic in 2001 or 2002 for evaluation and treatment of a chronic low back or neck pain disorder were invited to participate in this study in 2007. The researchers used data collected on two questionnaires, one completed by the patients in 2001 or 2002 and one sent to them by the study team in 2007. Predictive factors investigated in this study fell broadly into three categories; features thought to influence the development of central sensitization, risk
Dietary Diversity as a Correlate of Undernutrition among School-Age Children in Southwestern Nigeria.

Please note that this study was published before the SY2014-15 implementation of the Smart Snacks Nutrition Standards for Competitive Food in Schools, as required by the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Acts of 2010. As such, certain research relating to food in schools may not be relevant today. ABSTRACT Purpose/Objectives This study was conducted to determine the association between undernutrition and dietary diversity among school-age children in southwestern Nigeria. Methods A total of 600 school children were randomly selected from six private and six public schools in the region. A standardized FAO-published 24-hour diet recall questionnaire for calculating a dietary diversity score was adapted, tested, and used for all students. Weight and height measures were taken and weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height Z scores were calculated to determine the prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting respectively. Results The average age for students in the study was 8.3 years. Significant differences existed between students in private and public schools in BMI-for-age ( p = .025), in dietary diversity scores ( p = .034) and in undernutrition ( p = .003). No private school children exhibited underweight or stunting, but 11.7% were overweight or obese. No public school students were overweight. Stunting ( p = .024) and wasting ( p = .018) correlated significantly with lower dietary diversity scores. The food groups at the lowest levels in the children’s diet were organ meats, milk and milk products, eggs, and vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables.
Influence Hypertension Factors and History of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia in Pregnancy Previous of Degrees Preeclampsia/Eclampsia in Gresik

Background Preeclampsia/eclampsia is one of the main causes of death in women, as well as bleeding and infection. Preeclampsia/eclampsia is a disease which is unique in that it only occurs in pregnant women. Preeclampsia/eclampsia is known as the "disease of theories" because a lot of theories that explain the cause of preeclampsi /eclampsia and until now inni not known with certainty the cause. Several risk factors have been identified can increase the risk of preeklampsai/eclampsia. Increased incidence of 2013-2015 in hospitals Gresik. Objective This study aimed to analyze the influence of maternal health, the degree of preeclampsia/eclampsia in Gresik. Methods The study was cross sectional analytical survey. Subjects were maternal preeclampsia/eclampsia were 190 people and a large sample of 77 people comprising 11 eclamptic mothers, 22 mothers mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia and 44 mothers, using simple random sampling. The variables in the study were history of preeclampsia/eclampsia and hypertension. Analysis of data using ordinal regression test. Data were obtained from interviews and medical records. Results The study showed a significant relationship between history of preeclampsia/eclampsia (p=0.007), hypertension (p=0.000). Conclusion The incidence of preeclampsia/eclampsia is affected by the hypertension. Recommendation These risk factors are expected to be of particular concern for health professionals and mothers in pregnancy counseling. degrees of preeclampsia/eclampsia; hypertension factors; history of preeclampsia/eclampsia in a previous pregnancy .
Prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions and medical assessment of geriatric outpatients in North India

Introduction: Oral health reflects overall well-being for the elderly population. Compromised oral health may be a risk factor for systemic diseases commonly occurring in old age. Oral health evaluation should be an integral part of the physical examination, and dentistry is essential to qualify geriatric patient care. Aim: To determine the prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions and systemic diseases in institutionalized geriatric population in North India. Materials and Methods: Geriatric patients were clinically evaluated using a standard questionnaire and assessed for known medical illnesses and prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions. Four hundred patients (71% males and 29% females) with age ranging from 60 to 100 years were considered in the study group. Twenty-two (33.8%) patients were edentulous and seven patients (10.8%) were denture wearers. Forty-four (67.69%) patients reported with tobacco habits. Results: Most prevalent medical illness reported was diminished vision (15.5%), followed by hypertension (10%) and diabetes mellitus (6.25%). Several oral soft tissue lesions were reported among the study population. The most prevalent lesions were leukoplakia (12%), smoker′s melanosis (10%), smoker′s palate (9%), pigmentation on tongue (6%), frictional keratosis (5%), lichen planus (3%), denture stomatitis (2.5%), aphthous ulcers (2%), angular chelitis (1.5%), oral submucous fibrosis (1.5%), melanotic macule (1.5%), candidiasis (1.5%), irritation fibroma (1%), geographic tongue (1%), median rhomboid glossitis (1%), and traumatic ulcer (1%). Conclusion: The findings observed in this population are important and can have a determinant effect on the overall quality of life in this population. This information is a crucial prerequisite for health awareness programs involving the community health workers, oral physicians, and medical professionals.
Avelumab (MSB0010718C ; anti-PD-L1) as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC from the JAVELIN Solid Tumor phase 1b trial : safety, clinical activity, and PD-L1 expression

9036Background: Avelumab* is a fully human anti-PD-L1 IgG1 antibody under clinical investigation in multiple cancers. We report safety and clinical activity of avelumab as 1st-line therapy in patients (pts) with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from a phase 1b trial (NCT01772004). Methods: Pts with advanced NSCLC not previously treated systemically for metastatic or recurrent disease, without an activating EGFR mutation or ALK rearrangement, and not selected for PD-L1 expression were treated with avelumab 10 mg/kg IV Q2W until progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. Responses were evaluated every 6 wks (RECIST 1.1). Adverse events (AEs) were graded by NCI-CTCAE v4.0. PD-L1 expression was assessed by IHC. Results: As of Oct 23, 2015, 145 pts received avelumab (median 10 wks [range 2-30]) and were followed for a median duration of 13 wks (range 0-31). Median age was 70 y (range 41-90), ECOG PS was 0 (31.0%) or 1 (69.0%), and histology was adenocarcinoma (63.4%), squamous (26.9%), other (3.4%), .
The impact of oxidative stress on oxygen transport and utilization in health and disease

The overall objective of this dissertation was to examine the impact of oxidative stress on oxygen transport and utilization, and ultimately physiological function, in older individuals and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The goal of the first study was to better understand the age-associated attenuation in leg blood flow (LBF), with a focus on the role of redox balance, at rest and during exercise. Under control conditions, by experimental design, aging was associated with ~15% reduction in LBF. During knee extensor exercise (KE), the old also exhibited greater leg free radical outflow, assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, than the young. At rest, administration of an acute, oral antioxidant cocktail (AOC) increased antioxidant capacity, decreased the EPR signal, and consequently, restored LBF in the old such that it was not different from the young. During exercise, however, the AOC did not alter free radical outflow from the muscle or LBF. Thus, these data document exaggerated free radical production during exercise in older individuals exhibiting attenuated LBF, and identify a favorable effect of decreasing oxidative stress on resting hemodynamics in these individuals. However, the inability of the oral AOC to alter free radical outflow or LBF during exercise suggests that the formidable, pro-oxidant state elicited by exercise in the old likely necessitates a more potent antioxidant strategy to alter free radical outflow and potentially improve LBF in this population. The second study sought to determine the impact of acute, oral AOC administration on oxygen
The education of youths placed in out-of-home care

The typical educational profile of a youth placed in out-of-home care was developed, and the needs of these students were compared to a variety of educational settings available. The observations made at the Boys & Girls Homes School and the interviews of teachers, administrators, social workers, and youths were then used to develop a method of measuring the success of these youths and the schools they attend. Results showed that as educators apply the principles of individualization while understanding the concepts of resiliency and a solution-focused approach, students who have been placed in out-of-home care will succeed.