Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification, for ruminants, of genes and gene networks involved in differentiation and activity of the mammary gland

Biosynthesis and secretion activity by the ruminant mammary gland is settled by terminal differentiation of mammary structures and the expression of many genes. In this work, microarray technology was used to determine genes that participate to the goat mammary gland differentiation and that explain variation of milk composition observed with the K232A mutation at the bovine DGAT1 locus. Our study showed that the gene expression profile of the goat mammary tissues undergo considerable changes during pregnancy: i) triggering off differentiation before the 1st third of pregnancy; ii) tissue remodelling enhanced by expression of immune response genes; iii) acquisition of the secretory phenotype and triggering off lipid synthesis at the parturition. Transcriptomic comparison of mammary tissues from cows with homozygous and opposite genotype at the DGAT1 locus (K232 vs. A232) help to determine cellular mechanisms underlying variation of milk composition observed between these two genotypes. We have confirmed a reduction of fat percentage (-10g/kg) and middle chain unsaturated fatty acids (FA), an increase of middle chain saturated FA and long chain unsaturated FA and a reduction of milk fat globule size with the A232 genotype. Transcriptomic analysis with total RNA extracted from mammary tissues revealed that genes implicated in synthesis of lactose, lipids and proteins were up-regulated with A232 individuals. For the lipids, these genes partially explain the difference in milk FA composition and suggest alternative metabolic pathways of the diacylglycerol.
ASSESSMENT OF YIELD LOSSES CAUSED BY PURPLE BLOTCH DISEASE IN ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Onion is one of the most important commercial vegetable crops grown in Pakistan. It is valued for its distinct pungent flavor and is an essential ingredient for the cooking in many regions. A number of diseases attack onion crops but purple blotch is the most important one and cause huge losses in different parts of world. To search out sources of resistance against this disease, twenty one varieties/ lines were evaluated against it. Not a single variety out of all varieties screened showed highly resistant/immune response towards disease. One variety i.e. Phulkara, exhibited resistant response, while five varieties/lines i.e. Desi red, Early red, Robina, Dark Red and Mirpurkhas showed moderately resistant response.VRIO-6, VRIO-1, VRIO-4 Red nasik, Desi black expressed moderately susceptible response and five i.e.VRIO-9, Pak-10321, Faisalabad Red, Pusa red, Red imposta expressed susceptible reaction while VRIO-3, VRIO-5, VRIO-8, VRIO-7, VRIO-2 showed maximum disease development with rating 5 towards purple blotch disease. For management, three fungicides and three plant extracts at three different concentrations were evaluated against purple blotch disease of onion under field conditions. Among these fungicides Mancozeb expressed minimum disease incidence, followed by Score, Dorazole, and Dora as compared to control. Among the plant extracts Moringa oleifera expressed minimum disease incidence followed by A. indica and A. sativum as compared to control. The present study will be helpful in order to manage the purple blotch disease in onion .
Infrastructure and Foreign Direct Investment in Kenya: A Time Series Analysis 1980-2015

Provision of infrastructure is one of the key roles of governments and is mostly associated with the level of economic growth and development of the respective country. However, with the limitation in budgetary resources, infrastructure development cannot be achieved through budgetary allocations alone without some other external financing sources. However, Multinational Corporation considers the domestic characteristics of the host countries before making investment decisions. Such characteristics include infrastructural development, ease of doing business, economic growth rate, and real effective exchange rate. This paper sought to empirically analyze the long-run and short-run associations between infrastructural and FDI stocks in Kenya. The study used the principal component analysis (PCA) to generate infrastructure component. It is generated from the three main measure of infrastructure which includes electricity generation in kilowatts, Mobile cellular subscription (per 100 people), and the total expenditure on transport infrastructure (Road, air, water, and Rail). The study used annual Time series data for the period 1980- 2015, which will be obtained from the World Bank database and the Kenya Bureau of Statistics(KNBS) publications. The study results indicated that FDI and infrastructural development are related in the long run. Further, the study indicated that FDI affected the infrastructure in the short run significantly. Infrastructural development had a positive significant effect on the FDI in the short run. Granger causality results indicated a unidirectional causality running from FDI to infrastructural development. From the study findings, this study proposed measures to be put in place to facilitate infrastructure development with aim of attracting FDI inflows, and on the other hand, the study proposed policies to be put in place to increase FDI inflows with main aim of facilitating infrastructure development in Kenya.
Determinants of Informal Land Renting Decisions by A1 and A2 Farmers in Mashonaland East Province of Zimbabwe

Land rental markets are critical in developing economies as they contribute to efficiency, equity and welfare gains to farmers involved under conditions of low transaction costs. Despite lack of policy consistency in Zimbabwe, A1 and A2 farmers have been involved in these land rental markets, albeit in an informal manner. This study sought to establish the determinants of farmersâ€™ decision to take part in these informal markets. A survey was carried out in Mashonaland East province with a sample of 339 households selected through multi-stage sampling methods and data analysed using a bi-variate Tobit model. Results showed that combined together, the proportion of farmers involved in informal land rental markets are as much as those not participating. Determinants of renting-in were identified as gender, household income, permanent labour, cultivated area, tenure certainty, irrigable land size and crop diversification. Factors affecting renting-out decisions were age, permanent labour, irrigable land size and crop diversification and these results are not in any way different from findings from previous studies. The conclusion was that household characteristics and land endowments factors were strong in decisions to rent-in land while land endowments factors were dominant in decisions to rent-out land. Any future considerations for formalising land rental markets should consider these important factors having a bearing on land rental decisions.
JIP1 Regulates Axonal Transport of APP and Autophagosomes via Coordination of Kinesin and Dynein Motors

Neurons are specialized cells that extend polarized processes called dendrites and axons in order to maintain synaptic connections over long distances. Consequently, neuronal homeostasis requires axonal transport of organelles, such as mitochondria, synaptic vesicles, and autophagosomes. The microtubule-based motors responsible for long-distance fast axonal transport are the anterograde kinesin motors and the retrograde dynein motors. Two cargos that exhibit robust axonal transport characterized by high speeds with few directional switches are APP- (amyloid precursor protein) positive vesicles and autophagosomes. While APP-positive vesicles transport occurs in both anterograde and retrograde directions, autophagosomes move unidirectionally in the retrograde direction. Here, we demonstrate that processive transport of both these cargos requires coordination of opposing motor activity by the scaffolding protein JIP1 (c-jun N-terminal kinase- interacting protein). We identify novel interactions between JIP1 and kinesin heavy chain (KHC), which are sufficient to relieve KHC autoinhibition and activate motor function in single molecule assays. In addition, the direct binding of the dynactin subunit p150Glued to JIP1 competitively inhibits KHC activation in vitro and disrupts the transport of APP in neurons. Together with coimmunoprecipitation results, these experiments support a model whereby JIP1 coordinates transport by switching between anterograde and retrograde motile complexes. Furthermore, we find that mutations in the JNK-dependent phosphorylation site S421 in JIP1 alter both KHC activation in vitro and the directionality of APP and autophagosome transport in neurons. In knockdown and rescue experiments, the phosphomimetic JIP1-S421D promotes anterograde APP transport and disrupts retrograde autophagosome transport while the phosphodeficient JIP1-S421A promotes retrograde APP transport and rescues retrograde autophagosome transport. Thus, post-translational modification of a scaffolding protein can serve as a molecular switch that coordinates opposing motor activity in order to regulate the direction of vesicular transport of various organelles in the axon.
Níveis Constitutivos de Compostos Fenólicos Podem Estar Relacionados à Resistência da Cana-de-Açúcar à Cigarrinha-das-Raízes

The interaction of the leafhopper-of-roots with the sugar cane is still poorly marked and there is little information on resistant varieties. The phenolic compounds are involved in resistance mechanisms of the antibiosis type, but few studies are devoted to the studying role of these compounds in the interaction of plants with sucking insects. The study was conducted to determine how the sugar cane responded to the infestation of Mahanarva fimbriolata in terms of accumulation of phenolic compounds. An experiment was carried out under controlled conditions in a randomized design in a factorial schedule 3 x 2 x 4, with 3 genotypes and sugar cane, 2 levels of nymphs infestation of M. fimbriolata and sampling 4 times, with 4 repetitions. The genotypes SP80-1816 and RB72454 showed higher levels of total phenols when subjected to an infestation of the pest, but the duration of the nymphal stage and mortality of sharpshooters were significantly lower in those varieties, indicating that the increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds may had been caused by death and decay of the roots. It was not observed variation in levels of total phenols in the variety SP83-5073 subject to an infestation of M. fimbriolata. However, the mortality of the leafhopper-of-roots and duration of the stage of nymphs were significantly higher in genotype, indicating the existence of resistance-type antibiosis. Analysis of correlation showed that higher initial levels of phenolic compounds resulting in mortality of the pest can increase the duration of the nymph stage.
Full Paper: Putting UNIV 101 Back Into the Classroom Where it Belongs

The subject of what strategies are most effective to help students successfully make the ease of transition from high school into the first year of their engineering education has been well considered. At the core of the issue is the retention rates that universities desire in order to survive. At Drexel University, due to logistical and budgetary considerations, “first year orientation” courses were historically presented in either large lecture halls, or online. A change in this policy was implemented in the Fall quarter of 2017, whereby 783 first year engineering students were placed into classroom settings for an orientation course, University 101 (UNIV 101). Although UNIV 101 is a university-wide initiative with general requirements, the College of Engineering modified the course content to accommodate incoming engineering students. The average class size was 27 students. Topics taught in the course varied weekly and included: navigating the campus; finding available resources at the University; how to schedule classes; defining what sub-disciplines of study were available in each of the specific engineering disciplines; and interacting with Professors who came into the classroom as Guest Speakers to talk about their research or how they became professors. The courses were taught by Undergraduate Advisors (typically matching the Advisors with their Advisees in the classroom). The results of the Policy change are presented herein. As was anticipated, the students (57% responding) reported an overall positive experience, and the Advisors reported fewer required transactional meetings with the students because their general questions were answered in the classroom. As a result, those transactional meetings between students and Advisors shifted towards more conversations in alignment with the Advising Center’s developmental philosophy which is focused on behaviors and long-term planning. Ten to fifteen deliverables were required of the students during the quarter to assure that they were retaining the information presented. Additionally, students were asked to perform an exercise in reflection at the end of the quarter to compare their actual experience in the course with their initial expectations, and to indicate what additional information they thought should be provided to the next class of incoming engineering freshmen. Student success improved after the quarter (Fall 2017) compared to the cohorts taught by the on-line method of instruction used in the two years prior (2015 and 2016) considering both Failures and Withdrawals. Peer (Student) Mentors were utilized in 5 of the 29 course sections and, as can be expected, student satisfaction scores were markedly higher in these sections. Data supporting these findings is contained within this paper, as well as a recognition of individual historically-recognized factors that lead to students’ success, and how the in-class UNIV 101 experience satisfies those factors.
Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Berbeda terhadap Pertumbuhan Belut Sawah (Monopterus Albus) yang dipelihara di Dalam Tong Effect of Different Feed Types on The Growth of Fresh water Ells (Monopterus albus) Kept in The Barrel

Ells (Monopterus albus) is freshwater fishery commodities however important economic value, because it was the selling power, especially in export markets. The feed is an important factor in ell aquaculture. Research conducted to determine the effect of different feeding on growth and survival of ells. Ells maintenance container using palstic barrels with a volume of 200 liters. Experimental design using a completely randomized design with 2 treatment and 1 control, 4 replications in each treatment described as follows; 1) Giving Tubifex worms (Tubifex sp.) with pelet feed, 2) Giving snails (Pomaceae canaliculata Lamarck) with pelet feed, 3) Giving pelet feed as a control. Experiment was conducted from May until June 2014 in the backyard of the house on Setiabudi street Medan. The results showed the differences in the type of feed effect (p<0,01) on the growth of heavy and long Monopterus albus. The survival rate was 100 % in each treatment. Result showed that the snail was better than Tubifex sp. with regard to growth and conformation. Mean values with Feeding the snails (Pomaceae canaliculata Lamarck) and pellets were attained as follows: highest body length (L) 20,43 cm, body weight (W) 26,82 g,Tubifex sp. showed highest body length (L) 20,12 cm, body weight (W) 26,95 g. Keywords : Ells (Monopterus albus), Feed, Tubifex, Pomaceae canaliculata, pelet.
Comparison of Collagen Extracted from Skin of Doublespotted Queenfish and Malabar Grouper

Acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin digestible collagen (PDC) from the skin of double-spotted queenfish ( Scomberoides lysan ) and Malabar grouper ( Epinephelus malabaricus ), were isolated and characterized. On wet weight basis, the yields of ASC and PDC from queen fish and grouper were 7.82, 3.92, 12.5 and 6.49% respectively. Amino acid analysis revealed that they contained glycine as a major amino acid with high contents of alanine, proline and hydroxyproline. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns and subunit compositions, all were identified to be type 1 collagens when compared with calf skin type 1 collagen. a1, a2 and b chains were the major components of the presently isolated collagens. While comparing these two species, queen fish skin had good yield of collagen which could be served as an alternative source of collagen for different applications.
Comparison of high-frequency transabdominal ultrasonography and spiral computed tomography with colonoscopy in diagnosis of colon cancer

Objective: To compare high-frequency transabdominal ultrasonography (USG) and spiral computed tomography (CT) with colonoscopy in diagnosis of colon cancer. Design: A prospective comparative study of accuracy of USG and CT scan with colonoscopy. Subjects: Sixty patients with a clinical suspicion of colon cancer after a detailed clinical history and a thorough clinical examination were included. Patients with a known diagnosis of colon cancer or in whom histopathological diagnosis could not be established were excluded. Methods: All 60 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent transabdominal USG, CT scan-abdomen & pelvis, followed by colonoscopy. The CT and USG scans were reported by different radiologists without previous knowledge of any findingsof the other test or of the subsequent colonoscopy. The colonoscopy was performed by different clinicians, none of whom was aware of the USG or CT diagnosis. Result: Colonoscopy diagnosed 29 patients with colon cancer out of 60 enrolled patients. USG detected colon cancer in all the 29 patients with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 87.1%. CT scan diagnosed colon cancer in all the 29 patients with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 74.2%. Conclusions: Colonoscopy is still necessary when a suspicious lesion is identified. However, CT and USG can screen out suspected patients who can be subsequently referred for colonoscopy. This would reduce the need for colonoscopy in a large proportion of clinically suspected patients andalso avoidan invasive procedure like colonoscopy as first line investigation in elderly patients suspected of having colonic cancer.
Response acquisition with "delayed conditioned reinforcement"

The present study assessed the possibility that lever pressing by rats, will increase, if this response is correlated with the presentation of exteroceptive stimuli, previously paired with primary reinforcement. Naive rats were exposed to ten 30 minute sessions where a FT 60-s schedule presented food correlated with a 3-s blackout and the operation of the food delivery magazine. After the training phase was over, an acquisition phase began, subjects could receive one of four different schedules for twenty consecutive sessions: 1) CRF; 2) FR1, FT 2-s; 3) FR1, FT 5-s or 4) FR1, FT 10-s; nine subjects were exposed to each schedule. Results produced by the conditioned reinforcement conditions were compared with conditions where: 1) primary reinforcement was delivered during the acquisition phase, 2) blackout and magazine operation occurred during the training phase but in the absence of food, and 3) subjects remained in the experimental chamber without any programmed stimulus presentation during the training phase. Both the primary reinforcement and the conditioned reinforcement conditions produced delay gradients; the latter was considerably steeper than the former. Results were discussed in terms of their similarity with previous studies; they were also discussed in terms of the ongoing debate regarding the empirical validity of the conditioned reinforcement concept.
Patient Safety Awareness and Emergency Response Ability Perceived by Nursing Homes and Home Visiting Caregivers

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify patient safety awareness and emergency response ability and affecting factors perceived by nursing homes and home visiting caregivers. Methods: This study was a descriptive study that conveniently extracts nursing caregivers who care for elderly patients in S and G provinces, Korea. Data collection was done by structural questionnaires from April to May 2018. A total of 204 responses consisting of 103 nursing homes and 101 home visiting caregivers were used for data analysis in SPSS Win 22.0. Results: Patient safety awareness and emergency response ability of nursing homes caregivers with each $4.24{pm}0.50$, $74.26{pm}09.57$ was each higher than that of the home visiting caregivers with $3.68{pm}0.49$, $68.02{pm}12.12$ (p<.001). The affecting factors of the patient safety awareness were working place, safety education, and daily average working hours with 12 or more (F = 27.30, p<.001) and that of emergency response ability were number of patients per personnel with 9 or more and emergency situation experience (F=14.00, p<.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that it is necessary to develop a safety education program that can share indirectly experience emergency situations that occur on the job site.
Review of Eucalyptus nitens genetic parameters

Eucalyptus nitens (Deane et Maiden) Maiden is a significant plantation species in temperate regions of the world, with breeding occurring in Australia, Chile, South Africa, and New Zealand. We reviewed published genetic parameters from over 100 field trials and calculated average values for key growth, wood property, tree architecture, and fitness traits. Parameter estimates from control-pollinated progeny trials were rare. However, numerous parameter estimates were available from open-pollinated progeny trials for several traits, such as diameter and wood basic density, suggesting that for this mating type our average parameter estimates are likely to be robust. In open-pollinated trials, average heritabilities for growth traits (e.g., h2op= 0.26 for diameter) were generally lower than those for wood property traits (e.g., h2op = 0.51 for basic density). However, this trend was reversed in average additive genetic coefficients of variation (e.g., CVa=13.3% for diameter and 4.5% for basic density). Inter-age genetic correlations for stem diameter ranged from 0.68 to 1.00 but were not available for important wood property traits (e.g., cellulose content and pulp yield). For most traits, inter-site genetic correlations were, on average, positive and strong (e.g., rg =0.70 for diameter) but some weak individual estimates were observed. The average genetic correlation between diameter and basic density was –0.27. Few estimates of genetic correlations for pulp yield (or cellulose content) with diameter and basic density were available. Estimates of genetic parameters for solidwood traits were also uncommon in the literature.