Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time consistent convex Feller processes and non linear second order partial differential equations

This paper shows how the theory of dynamic risk measures provides viscosity solutions to a family of second-order parabolic partial differential equations, even in the degenerate case. First, motivated by the martingale problem approach of Stroock and Varadhan, we make use of the time consistency characterization for dynamic risk measures, to construct time consistent convex Markov processes. This is done in a general setting in which compacity arguments cannot be used, and for which there does not always exist an optimal control. Second, we prove that these processes lead to viscosity solutions for semi linear second-order partial differential equations with convex generator. Finally we give an application to mathematical finance. We show that our results allow for the construction of a No Arbitrage Pricing Procedure in the context of stochastic volatility. Within this approach, convexity takes into account liquidy risk.
Chidamide plus Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Remodel the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Reduce Tumor Progression When Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Naïve and Anti-PD-1 Resistant CT26-Bearing Mice

Combined inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathways has shown efficacy in multiple cancers; however, the clinical outcomes show limited benefits and the unmet clinical needs still remain and require improvement in efficacy. Using murine colon carcinoma (CT26) allograft models, we examined the efficacy and elucidated novel tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling mechanisms underlying the combination of chidamide (a benzamide-based class l histone deacetylase inhibitor; brand name in Taiwan, Kepida®) with VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs; cabozantinib/regorafenib, etc.) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs; anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA-4 antibodies). The TME was assessed using flow cytometry and RNA-sequencing to determine the novel mechanisms and their correlation with therapeutic effects in mice with significant treatment response. Compared with ICI alone or cabozantinib/regorafenib + ICI, combination of chidamide + cabozantinib/regorafenib + ICI increased the tumor response and survival benefits. In particular, treatment of CT26-bearing mice with chidamide + regorafenib + anti-PD-1 antibody showed a better objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS). Similar results were observed in anti-PD-1 treatment-resistant mice. After treatment with this optimal combination, in the TME, RNA-sequencing revealed that downregulated mRNAs were correlated with leukocyte migration, cell chemotaxis, and macrophage gene sets, and flow cytometry analysis showed that the cell numbers of myeloid-derived polymorphonuclear suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages were decreased. Accordingly, chidamide + regorafenib + anti-PD-1 antibody combination therapy could trigger a novel TME remodeling mechanism by attenuating immunosuppressive cells, and restoring T-cell activation to enhance ORR and OS. Our studies also showed that the addition of Chidamide to the regorafenib + anti-PD-1 Ab combination could induce a durable tumor-specific response by attenuating immune suppression in the TME. In addition, this result suggests that TME remodeling, mediated by epigenetic immunomodulator combined with TKI and ICI, would be more advantageous for achieving a high objective response rate, when compared to TKI plus ICI or ICI alone, and maintaining long-lasting antitumor activity.
Physico-Morphological Characteristics and Oxidative Markers of Fresh Semen of Gir Bulls

The present investigation was undertaken on four mature Gir bulls (4-6 years) maintained at University farm, Junagadh for 4 months during hot summer season. Semen (n=6 ejaculate/bull) was collected using artificial vagina once a week from each bull. The fresh ejaculates were evaluated for physical attributes and oxidative stress markers in the seminal plasma. The overall mean values recorded based on 24 ejaculates for ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, mass motility (0-5 scale), individual motility, sperm viability, sperm abnormality, plasma membrane integrity (HOST reactive sperm), and acrosome integrity were 6.20 ± 1.27 mL, 1316.83 ± 155.07 million/ mL, 3.75 ± 0.20, 84.83 ± 0.94 %, 87.58 ± 1.07 %, 9.63 ± 0.83 %, 79.58 ± 1.01 % and 91.21 ± 0.52 %, respectively. There was a significant P<0.001) difference in ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and sperm abnormality between bulls. The levels of oxidative stress parameters, viz. lipid peroxidation and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the seminal plasma were 5.51 ± 0.26 μmol/mL and 16.30 ± 2.14 nmol/ mL/min, respectively. Individual motility, viability, HOST reactive spermatozoa, and acrosomal integrity were positively correlated, suggesting that any one or two attributeslike motility or HOS test can predict the semen quality. The semen quality generally was in normal physiological range including oxidative markers even during heat stress.
Rapid Determination of Urea Hydrolysis and Nitrification in Potting Media

Rapid assays for urea hydrolysis and for the oxidation of NH4+ to NO2– and NO3– are required for extensive studies of these processes in potting media. Methods originally developed for use with field soils were evaluated and modified for use with soilless media. Effects of urea concentration, buffer pH, and incubation temperature on rates of urea hydrolysis were tested with two media. Response to these variable was less pronounced in soilless potting media than in field soils. Urea hydrolysis can be conveniently assayed in soilless media under the following conditions: 5 mol urea/m3 medium, Tris buffer pH 8.0, 37°C. Rates of NH4+ and NO2– oxidation were estimated from the accumulation of NO2– in samples incubated for 0 to 24 hr with 4 mol NH4+/m3 medium as substrate in 1.0 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, with or without 20 mol NaClO3/m3 medium. The rate of NO2– accumulation in the presence of ClO3–, an inhibitor of NO2– oxidation, estimates NH4+ oxidation, and the slope of the difference in NO2– between samples with and without ClO3– estimates the rate of NO2– oxidation. Although ClO3– does not completely inhibit NO2– oxidation in one of the two media tested, the method is useful for comparison of nitrification activity in potting media.
Bounding the torsion in CM elliptic curves

Merel has shown that the order of torsion subgroup of an elliptic curve over a number field can be bounded in terms of only the degree of the number field. The purpose of this note is to investigate what could be the `right bound'. In this paper we use the result of Deuring on the supersingular primes for a CM elliptic curves to give estimate on the number of torsion points on CM elliptic curves over any number field which depends only linearly with the degree of the number field. This result is also a simple corollary of a result of A. Silverberg bounding the order of torsion elements which was proved using the main theorem of Complex multiplication. We also give a heuristic for hoping that the number of torsion points on any elliptic curve be a bounded linearly with the degree of the number field.
Let's call it Nonlocal Quantum Physics

In the following we undertake to derive quantum theory as a stochastic low-energy and coarse-grained theory from a more primordial discrete and basically geometric theory living on the Planck scale and which (as we argue) possibly underlies also \tit{string theory}. We isolate the so-called \tit{ideal elements} which represent at the same time the cornerstones of the framework of ordinary quantum theory and show how and why they encode the \tit{non-local} aspects, being ubiquituous in the quantum realm, in a, on the surface, local way. We show that the quantum non-locality emerges in our approach as a natural consequence of the underlying \tit{two-storey} nature of space-time or the physical vacuum, that is, quantum theory turns out to be a residual effect of the geometric depth structure of space-time on the Planck scale. We indicate how the \tit{measurement problem} and the emergence of the \tit{macroscopic sub-regime} can be understood in this framework.
The Effect of Financial Ratios on Sharia Stock Prices in Company Indexed LQ45 2020-2021

This study examines the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Equity (ROE) and Earning Per Share (EPS) on Sharia stock prices included in the LQ45 index. The LQ45 index was chosen because it is a stock that has a high level of liquidity and market capitalization, and it is supported by very good company fundamentals. The method used is a quantitative method. The data used in this study is secondary data taken from the official website of the Indonesian stock exchange. The sample in this study was 30 companies from the 2020-2021 period. The results of the study show that DER, NPM, ROE and EPS simultaneously have a significant effect on Islamic stock prices with F value of 10,765 and R Square of 0.539 or 53.9%. Partially, DER, NPM and ROE have no significant effect on Sharia Stock Prices with a sig. (0.245; 0.291; 0.094). EPS partially has significant effect on Sharia Stock Price with a sig. (0.00). The Effect of Financial Ratios on Sharia Stock Prices
Fraction of Design Space to Assess Prediction Capability of Response Surface Designs

Variance Dispersion Graphs (VDGs) are useful summaries for comparing competing designs on a fixed design space. However, they do not give all useful information about the prediction capability of a design. We propose the Fraction of Design Space (FDS) technique, which addresses some of the shortcomings of VDGs. The new technique gives the researcher more detailed information by quantifying the fraction of design space where the scaled prediction variance (SPV) is less than or equal to any pre-specified value. The FDS graph gives the researcher information about the distribution of the SPV in the region based on the ranges and proportions of possible SPV values. Several variations on the graph, including plotting the variance of the estimated mean response, are also presented to allow for specialized consideration of different designs. The FDS technique complements the use of VDGs to give the researcher more insight into the prediction capability of a design. Several standard designs with different numbers of factors are studied with both methods.
Interventions by Caregivers to Promote Motor Development in Young Children, the Caregivers’ Attitudes and Benefits Hereof: A Scoping Review

In the first year of life, the child’s caregivers, including parents and daycare staff, play an essential role, as they are responsible for implementing daily activities to promote the motor development of young children. However, what does the research show about interventions to promote the motor development of 0–36-month-olds carried out by the child’s caregivers, and what are the caregivers’ experiences and attitudes hereof? This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the published studies to derive an overall interpretation. A systematic search was conducted in five scientific databases, resulting in 10,219 articles, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that providing early intervention to 0–36-month-old children, in which the caregivers carry out the activities, promotes the young child’s motor development. Furthermore, the interventions increase the caregivers’ interest and motivation to promote the young child’s motor development, which is essential in maintaining the behaviour after the end of the interventions. Supervision and guidance provided for the child’s caregivers concerning knowledge and skills about age-appropriate behaviours and facilitation of their child’s motor development increases the caregivers’ self-confidence, interest, and motivation.
Brain Neurons during Physiological Aging: Morphological Features, Autophagic and Mitochondrial Contribution

Accumulating data suggest that the brain undergoes various changes during aging. Among them are loss of both white and gray matter, neurons and synapses degeneration, as well as oxidative, inflammatory, and biochemical changes. The above-mentioned age-related features are closely related to autophagy and mitochondria. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the most peculiar morphological features of brain nervous tissue and to characterize the expression of autophagy and mitochondrial immunohistochemical biomarkers in neurons of different human brain zones during aging. Counting the number of neurons as well as Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B), Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), Lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP2A), Alpha subunit of ATP synthase (ATP5A), and Parkinson disease protein 7 (DJ1) immunohistochemical staining were performed on FFPE samples of human prefrontal cortex, corpus striatum, and hippocampus obtained from autopsy. Statistical analysis revealed a loss of neurons in the studied elderly group in comparison to the young group. When the expression of macroautophagy (LC3B), chaperon-mediated autophagy (HSP70, LAMP2A), and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V (ATP5A) markers for the young and elderly groups were compared, the latter was found to have a significantly higher rate of optical density, whilst there was no significance in DJ1 expression. These findings, while preliminary, suggest that both autophagy and mitochondria are involved in neuronal maintenance during aging and could indicate their potential role in adaptive mechanisms that occur in aging.
Early Childhood Mathematics Education Research: Learning Trajectories for Young Children

Preface Appreciation the Funding Agencies Part I: Introduction 1. Early Childhood Mathematics Learning Part II: Number and Quantitative Thinking 2. Quantity, Number, and Subitizing 3. Verbal and Object Counting 4: Comparing, Ordering, and Estimating 5. Arithmetic: Early Addition and Subtraction and Counting Strategies 6. Arithmetic: Composition of Number, Place Value, and Multidigit Addition and Subtraction Part III: Geometry and Spatial Thinking 7. Spatial Thinking 8. Shape 9. Composition and Decomposition of Shapes Part IV: Geometric Measurement 10. Geometric Measurement, Part 1: Length 11. Geometric Measurement, Part 2: Area, Volume, and Angle Part V: Other Content Domains and Processes 12. Other Content Domains 13. Mathematical Processes 14. Professional Development and Scaling Up Notes References Index
Cholinergic Modulation of Locomotor Circuits in Vertebrates

Locomotion is a basic motor act essential for survival. Amongst other things, it allows animals to move in their environment to seek food, escape predators, or seek mates for reproduction. The neural mechanisms involved in the control of locomotion have been examined in many vertebrate species and a clearer picture is progressively emerging. The basic muscle synergies responsible for propulsion are generated by neural networks located in the spinal cord. In turn, descending supraspinal inputs are responsible for starting, maintaining, and stopping locomotion as well as for steering and controlling speed. Several neurotransmitter systems play a crucial role in modulating the neural activity during locomotion. For instance, cholinergic inputs act both at the spinal and supraspinal levels and the underlying mechanisms are the focus of the present review. Much information gained on supraspinal cholinergic modulation of locomotion was obtained from the lamprey model. Nicotinic cholinergic inputs increase the level of excitation of brainstem descending command neurons, the reticulospinal neurons (RSNs), whereas muscarinic inputs activate a select group of hindbrain neurons that project to the RSNs to boost their level of excitation. Muscarinic inputs also reduce the transmission of sensory inputs in the brainstem, a phenomenon that could help in sustaining goal directed locomotion. In the spinal cord, intrinsic cholinergic inputs strongly modulate the activity of interneurons and motoneurons to control the locomotor output. Altogether, the present review underlines the importance of the cholinergic inputs in the modulation of locomotor activity in vertebrates.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Validity and Reliability of the Perception Neuron Studio for Upper-Body Motion Capture

The Perception Neuron Studio (PNS) is a cost-effective and widely used inertial motion capture system. However, a comprehensive analysis of its upper-body motion capture accuracy is still lacking, before it is being applied to biomechanical research. Therefore, this study first evaluated the validity and reliability of this system in upper-body capturing and then quantified the system’s accuracy for different task complexities and movement speeds. Seven participants performed simple (eight single-DOF upper-body movements) and complex tasks (lifting a 2.5 kg box over the shoulder) at fast and slow speeds with the PNS and OptiTrack (gold-standard optical system) collecting kinematics data simultaneously. Statistical metrics such as CMC, RMSE, Pearson’s r, R2, and Bland–Altman analysis were utilized to assess the similarity between the two systems. Test–retest reliability included intra- and intersession relations, which were assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as well as CMC. All upper-body kinematics were highly consistent between the two systems, with CMC values 0.73–0.99, RMSE 1.9–12.5°, Pearson’s r 0.84–0.99, R2 0.75–0.99, and Bland–Altman analysis demonstrating a bias of 0.2–27.8° as well as all the points within 95% limits of agreement (LOA). The relative reliability of intra- and intersessions was good to excellent (i.e., ICC and CMC were 0.77–0.99 and 0.75–0.98, respectively). The paired t-test revealed that faster speeds resulted in greater bias, while more complex tasks led to lower consistencies. Our results showed that the PNS could provide accurate enough upper-body kinematics for further biomechanical performance analysis.
Studies in the Glossopteris Flora of India - 18. Gymnospermic seed and seed-bearing organs from the Karharbari beds of the Giridih Coalfield, Bihar

Gymnospermic seeds and seed-bearing organs are described from the Karharbari beds, Giridih Coalfield. The seeds have been assigned to Cordaicarpus, Samaropsis, Cornucarpus, Nummulospermum and Rotundocarpus gen. nov. Two species of Cordaicarpus and one species of Samaropsis are new. The seed-bearing organs belong to Arberia White and Palmatophyllites gen. nov.
A new device for endoscopic band ligation for colorectal diverticular bleeding

Background and study aims Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) has been reported to be effective for colorectal diverticular bleeding. However, current EBL devices have some limitations, and we have developed a novel EBL device. Methods This novel EBL device has a tapered hood attached to the tip of the endoscope and an outer cylinder that loads two EBL bands. Twelve EBL procedures were performed in a live porcine model alternately using a conventional EBL device (Group C) and the novel EBL device (Group N). Results EBL was successful in all cases in both groups. There were no cases of perforation in the 10 days after EBL. After ligation, the mean major axis of the ridge was significantly larger in Group N than Group C (9.7 ± 1.4 mm vs 7.2 ± 1.4 mm, P = 0.011). Pathological examination revealed disruption of the muscularis propria at four of the six ligation sites in Group C and at five of the six ligation sites in Group N. Conclusions Using this novel EBL device, it was possible to perform multiple ligation procedures in succession with a good field of view. No perforation was observed, but disruption of the muscularis propria was observed at approximately three-quarters of the ligation sites pathologically.
Reduction of interrow spacing in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production

The interrow spacing commonly used in cassava cultivation in Brazil, especially in the Agreste region of Alagoas, ranges from 100 to 120cm. However, the reduction in row spacing can provide agronomic and environmental benefits in cassava cropping systems. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the performance of two cassava varieties cultivated with reduced interrow spacing. Two experiments were conducted in the field, one in 2015/16 and another in 2017/18. A Split Plot design with four replications was used in both experiments. Four interrow spacing were evaluated in the main plot: 60, 80, 100 and 120cm, with plants spaced 60cm apart within rows, giving populations of 27,778, 20,833, 16,667 and 13,889 plants per hectare, respectively. In the subplots, two cassava varieties were evaluated: Caravela and Pretinha. An increase in interrow spacing promoted a linear reduction in the stem green mass of cassava. Plant height, leaf green mass, main stem diameter, root yield, tuberous root length, tuberous root diameter, flour percentage, flour yield, and starch content were not influenced by changes in interrow spacing. The Pretinha variety was superior to Caravela in the following evaluated traits: stem green mass, the diameter of tuberous roots, root yield, plant height, and flour yield. The results indicate the possibility of altering the interrow spacing in cassava to assist in the cultural management, without impacting crop yield.
The Mediating Roles of Time Management and Learning Strategic Approach in the Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Academic Procrastination

Purpose Smartphone is an indispensable everyday tool for college students, while excessive usage of smartphones may lead to negative outcomes, such as academic procrastination. Previous research has suggested that smartphone addiction is a predisposing factor for procrastination. To further understand the above relationship, structural equation model analysis was used to examine the mediating effects of time management and learning strategic approach in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2021. A total of 1129 college students aged 18 to 22 participated in the present study was adopted the cluster random sampling method and the following tools were used: the Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, Time Management Disposition Scale, Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory, and Aitken Procrastination Scale. Results Results indicated that smartphone addiction is positively linked to academic procrastination, while negatively linked to time management and learning strategic approach. Both time management and learning strategic approach were negatively linked to academic procrastination. Additionally, the results showed that time management and learning strategic approach serve sequential mediating roles in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination among Chinese college students after controlling for age and sex (RMSEA = 0.045, SRMR = 0.035, TLI = 0.993, CFI = 0.979). Conclusion Time management and learning strategic approach serve sequential mediating roles in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination among Chinese college students. Therefore, intervention management that focusing on improving time management as well as strengthening learning strategic approach may be useful for reducing academic procrastination among college students.