Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
17. THE MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY OF NORTHWEST PACIFIC SEDIMENTS, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 86

Results of paleomagnetic analyses of pelagic sediment sequences recovered in the Northwest Pacific during Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 86 are presented. On the basis of these data, almost complete late Cenozoic magnetostratigraphies are established for each drill site. At Site 577, on the Shatsky Rise, a stratigraphic duplication of Late Cretaceous to middle Eocene sequences was achieved using the hydraulic piston coring technique. For the first time, a detailed paleomagnetic study of this period using largely undisturbed and complete sedimentary columns from the Pacific region was possible. Available biostratigraphy and stable isotope stratigraphy data allowed a positive correlation of the downhole magnetic reversal patterns with a calibrated geomagnetic polarity time scale. In general, the results obtained are in remarkable agreement with other recently published magnetostratigraphies from various parts of the world. Therefore, they represent a high quality framework for an early Tertiary magnetobiochronology including the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary interval.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE BIOCHEMICAL METHANE POTENTIAL OF FOOD WASTE BY MEANS OF ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION WITH SWINE MANURE

Food waste (FW) has potential for use by means of anaerobic digestion (AD). However, some characteristics of FW affect process stability and methane (CH4) production. Using biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests, this study assessed the improvement of CH4 production and hydrolysis of FW by means of anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) with swine manure (SM). Different FW:SM ratios were studied under conditions with (WN) and without (NN) nutrients. The highest CH4 production was obtained for the FW:SM 60:40 ratio in the WN and SN conditions with values of 72.87 and 62.83 mL CH4 g VS -1, respectively. This showed that AcoD of FW with SM presented synergistic effects, since increases of 27 (WN) and 13% (NN) were obtained in comparison with the mono-digestion of FW. There was also an improvement in the process stability (α index> 0.7), but there were no favorable effects with respect to the hydrolysis of FW.
Characteristics and Health Risks of PM2.5-bound Metals in a Central City of Northern China: A One-year Observation Study

Metals are important components of PM 2.5 , with significant implications for the ecological environment and human health. This study comprehensively investigated the characteristics of 19 metals in PM 2.5 samples collected in Jinan from 16 December 2020 to 15 December 2021. The total concentration of the studied metals accounted for 5.3% of PM 2.5 (41.7 µ g m –3 ) in Jinan. The seasonal variation of PM 2.5 -bound metals followed the order of spring (3.5 µ g m –3 ) > winter (2.2 µ g m –3 ) > summer (1.4 µ g m –3 ) > autumn (1.1 µ g m –3 ). Four sources could be extracted using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, namely resuspended dust (51.9%), oil combustion (19.9%), factories (16.5%), and traffic emissions (11.7%). According to the results of the enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation (I geo ), Se, Sb, Tl, Ag, Cd, Zn, V, Pb, and Mo were mainly from anthropogenic sources, which was consistent with the PMF results. Applying the conditional bivariate probability function (CBPF), traffic emissions were found to be the main local contributor, with large contributions when the wind speed was lower than 2 m s –1 . The environmental influence of PM 2.5 -bound metals was evaluated in terms of the ecological risk index, which was found to be higher than 600, indicating high ecological risk in Jinan. Regarding the human health risk, children were possibly more exposed to non-carcinogenic risks than adults, with hazard index (HI) values of 47.9 and 6.7, respectively. Moreover, the residents of Jinan were also exposed to moderate carcinogenic risk (children: 4.8 × 10 –5 , adults: 4.9 × 10 –5 ), with Cr(VI), Pb, and Co as the dominant high-risk metals. Therefore, PM 2.5 -bound metal pollution in Jinan cannot be overlooked, and appropriate measures should be implemented.
Tracking retreat processes at the Falljökull Glacier, SE Iceland

In glacial systems, hydrological forcing of ice velocity may lead to instability and accelerated mass loss. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the relationship between ice melt and ice dynamics is non-linear because subglacial drainage configuration strongly modulates meltwater inputs and results in asynchroneity between surface melt production and ice movement. Furthermore, subglacial drainage undergoes temporal evolution and can vary spatially between and within individual glaciers. As such, the degree of connectivity between ice melt and ice dynamics exhibits spatio-temporal variability. To address this, time-lapse images from Falljokull, SE Iceland, were analysed using Pointcatcher, a feature tracking software. Surface velocities and thinning rates were quantified for the period 2011-2013 and compared to results from energy balance modelling (EBM) to determine the climatic, hydrological and structural controls on glacier dynamics. The results show that melt production at Falljokull is closely linked to energy inputs to the glacier surface, although consistent thinning underestimation by the EBM, equivalent to ~1-3 m, reflects the poor optimisation of the model for thin debris cover. In addition, melt production is strongly modulated by individual events e.g. Grimsvotn eruption, which modify surface conditions and enhance/supress melt. A clear relationship between ice melt and ice dynamics is also evident in these data although subglacial drainage structure i.e. discrete/distributed, and surface conditions e.g. debris or snow cover, account for periods of de-coupling. Hydrologically induced speed-up events are identified and occur more readily when inefficient distributed systems are present. In contrast, flow variability is markedly reduced when meltwater inputs are suppressed and when efficient discrete drainage is present. Enhanced flow is strongly linked to sliding at the ice-bed interface although this varies spatially and temporally as a function of subglacial drainage configuration. Finally, these data conflict markedly with previous research which inferred that Falljokull was stagnant and wasting away in-situ. Instead, Falljokull is ‘active’ with movement through ice deformation, basal sliding and subglacial deformation although forward motion is insufficient to offset retreat.
Suffering for Land: Environmental Hazards and Popular Struggles in the Brahmaputra Valley (Assam), India

The twin processes of flooding and riverbank erosion have over the years re-shaped the Brahmaputra Valley landscape in the northeast Indian state of Assam. While flooding and erosion have always been part of the natural landscape of the valley, they have now turned disastrous causing agro-ecological instability and large-scale displacement of the local population. This dissertation is based on sixteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in different parts of Assam, with a special focus on Majuli River Island, located in the middle of the Brahmaputra River, and Rohmoria in the upstream. It examines the political ecological processes of the re-production of disastrous geographies in the Brahmaputra Valley, the ways in which disasters have transformed rural livelihoods, and the politics of resistance among the disasteraffected population in the valley. At the heart of the dissertation lies the question of the state. By combining Marxist and postcolonial theorizations of the state and paying special attention to hydraulic infrastructures, my research presents an in-depth analysis of the role of the Indian state in the making of hazardscapes in Assam, thereby advancing our understanding of the state, especially in the postcolonial context. The dissertation also foregrounds the question of popular resistance in the valley, demonstrating that disaster-affected communities are not mere victims of disasters but that they have political agencies, which they deploy, given the conducive circumstances, to re-shape environmental governance processes and the state in general. Throughout the study, I advance an analysis of the ways in which hazardscapes are produced through the multi-scalar interactions between political economic processes, state and non-state actors, and biophysical nature. SUFFERING FOR LAND: ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND POPULAR STRUGGLES IN THE BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY (ASSAM), INDIA
Occupational safety and health among fishing boat workers in Thailand

The Thai fishing industry has been under close scrutiny for conditions faced by fishing boat workers, yet data are scarce with regards to occupational safety and health (OSH) among its workers. The objectives of this study are to describe: i) water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions, and; ii) OSH conditions faced by migrant fishing boat workers in Thailand. We conducted a mixed-methods study with a quantitative survey in 200 migrant fishing boat workers and focus group discussions with 11 workers and 6 stakeholders in southern Thailand. We analyzed quantitative and qualitative data using descriptive statistics and content analysis, respectively. Nearly all participants (95.0%) reported that drinking water on board was stored in a sealed container, but only 5.5% of participants reported that there was latrine on board for defecation. Nearly all participants reported proper storage of objects on board, although findings on maintenance varied. Use of personal protective equipment was scarce as equipments obstruct the workers’ movement. The findings highlighted areas where improvements in WASH and OSH are needed. However, caveats regarding potential information bias and lack of generalizability should be considered in the interpretation of the study findings.
Molecular and morphological evidence of hybridization between two dimorphic sympatric species of Fuchsia (Onagraceae)

Abstract Hybridization is commonly reported in angiosperms, generally based on morphology, and in few cases confirmed by molecular markers. Fuchsia has a long tradition of ornamental cultivars with different hybrids produced by artificial crosses, so natural hybridization between sympatric Fuchsia species could be common. Natural hybridization between F. microphylla and F. thymifolia was tested using six newly developed microsatellites for F. microphylla in addition to other molecular markers with codominant and maternal inheritance. Geometric morphometrics of leaves and floral structures were also used to identify putative hybrids. Hybrids showed a different degree of genetic admixture between both parental species. Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences indicated that hybridization occurs in both directions, in fact, some of the hybrids showed new haplotypes for cpDNA and ITS (internal transcriber spacer of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes) sequences. The morphology of hybrid individuals varied between the two parental species, but they could be better identified by their leaves and floral tubes. Our study is the first to confirm the hybridization in natural populations of Fuchsia species and suggests that hybridization has probably occurred repeatedly throughout the entire distribution of the species. Phylogeographic analysis of both species will be essential to understanding the impact of hybridization throughout their complete distribution.
Factors Associated with Sleep Quality in Final Year Students

This study was conducted to determine several factors related to sleep quality in students who are working on a thesis at FKM Undana. This research is a quantitative research using a cross sectional design. The population in this study were FKM Undana students who were working on a thesis totaling 283 students. Based on the results of Key's research that there is a significant relationship between physical, physical activity, stress, and sleep quality and there is no relationship between environmental factors and sleep quality. The sample of this research is the final year students of FKM Undana. Suggestions to students who are working on theses are expected to be able to maintain health, manage stress to get good quality sleep.
Mode of Action of Phytotoxic Oils

TN AREAS near oil refining centers, as in most of California, petro1 leum oils are widely used in agriculture. Reference is not made here to the use of petroleum to power and lubricate tractors and other farm machinery, but to its use as an agricultural chemical. There are three typical uses of oils: (1) insecticidal spray oils, (2) various oils as selective and general herbicides, and (3) solvent type oils as carriers for oil soluble agricultural chemicals. In California alone, annually from five to fifteen million gallons of petroleum oil are used for the control of scale, mites, and mealy bug (23). An estimated 10 million gallons of cracked gas oils are used for general weed control on canal banks, road sides, barnyards, and in orchards practicing non-tillage. Much solvent type oil is also used for selective weed control in umbelliferous crops, and for pre-emergence weed control in lettuce, beets, and onions. One large operator alone is using one million gallons annually. Aromatic fractions and fortified heavier oils are used as drying agents on flax, clover, and alfalfa seed crops and as cotton defoliants. DDT and other insecticides are commonly applied as dilute oil emulsions. Principal reasons for the use of oils as herbicides are that they are especially suitable for the elimination of weedy grasses (4), and that when properly applied, they do not harm crop plants by toxic residues in the soil. Previous to 1930, no special weed oils were made, unaltered diesel and smudge oil were used (23). When the diesel oils were improved as fuel by additional refining, they became less suitable as herbicides (5). At present weed oils are special oils selected to serve the purpose for which they are intended. However, it must be remembered that these special oils are not by-products in the sense that they are waste products without other uses, but are made available only in lieu of their use as fuel oil and solvents. Therefore, the availability of weed oils is inversely related to the demand for fuel oils and commercial solvents but the price relationship is normally a direct one. Distance from the source of supply also is an important factor because of shipping costs.
Using head-mounted eye trackers to explore children’s color preferences and perceptions of toys with different color gradients

This study investigated how color gradients affect the attraction and visual comfort of children aged 4 to 7 years. We analyzed 108 eye-tracking datasets, including the color attraction index (COI), visual comfort index (PUI), and saccade rate (SR). The findings revealed that children are more attracted to colors as saturation decreases and brightness increases within a specific range. Beyond this range, reduced saturation diminishes color appeal. Moderate brightness and contrast enhance visual comfort during play, while extremely low contrast hinders concentration. Warm colors (red, orange, and yellow) slightly dominate preferences; however, the roles of hue, saturation, and brightness in children’s color preferences remain inconclusive. These insights have practical implications for age-appropriate toy design and marketing. Future research should explore age-specific color preferences for more targeted design strategies.
Difructose Anhydride and Passive Immunity Effects on Passive Immune Transfer and Performance of Feeding Difructose Anhydride to Neonatal Calves

Simple Summary Failure passive transfer of immunoglobulins from colostrum to the calf is a relatively common problem with a prevalence around 20–25%. This failure often leads to impaired health and increased mortality. Many studies have proposed different management and feeding methods to minimize this failure. One of these methods includes the supplementation of difructose anyhdride III (DFAIII). Herein, we evaluate the potential of DFAIII to improve the transfer of immunoglobulins, and in turn animal performance and health, of calves that consumed colostrum with a high immunoglobulin concentration. We conclude that even when feeding calves colostrum with a high immunoglobulin concentration, supplementation with DFAIII may promote passive transfer of immunoglobulins in neonatal Holstein calves during the first 12 h of life. Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the potential effects of supplementing difructose anyhdride III (DFAIII) during the first days of life on the absorption of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and growth performance of calves early in life fed colostrum with a high IgG concentration. Sixty-six healthy new-born Holstein calves were randomly assigned to three treatments consisting of no supplementation (control), supplementation of 12 g/d (DFA12), or 36 g/d (DFA36) of DFAIII during the first 7 d of life via colostrum and milk replacer (MR). Calves were separated from dams at birth and bottle-fed colostrum in two meals, each targeting 2.5 L within the first 18 h of birth. Colostrum had been previously collected from other dams (and preserved frozen) within the first 2 h of calving and had a Brix value ≥32%. Daily consumption of starter concentrate and MR (and colostrum on the first day) were individually monitored. Calves were body weighed using an electronic scale at birth and on a weekly basis thereafter until the end of study at 42 d of age. A sample of colostrum fed to each calf and a blood sample from the jugular vein of the calves were collected at 12 and 24 h of life to determine the IgG concentration. The mean colostrum IgG concentration fed in the current study was 110 ± 33.7 g/L (mean ± SD). No differences in animal performance were found among the treatments. Calves on all treatments consumed the same amount of colostrum with a similar concentration of IgG, and thus the amount of IgG consumed was also similar. Serum IgG concentrations were greater at 24 than at 12 h but did not differ among treatments. However, the apparent efficiency of absorption of colostral immunoglobulins was greater in DFA12 and DFA36 at 12 h of life than in control calves, with no differences observed at 24 h. Even when feeding high-quality colostrum, in terms of IgG concentration, supplementation with difructose anhydride III may pose an additional advantage in promoting the passive transfer of immunoglobulins in neonatal Holstein calves during the first 12 h of life.
Remission with or without comorbid substance use disorders in early psychosis: long-term outcome in integrated care (ACCESS III study)

Introduction Schizophrenia-Spectrum-Disorders are associated with poor long-term outcome as well as disability and often severely affect the lives of patients and their families often from symptom onset. Up to 70% of first episode psychosis (FEP) patients suffer from comorbid substance use disorders (SUD). We aimed at studying the course of illness in FEP patients within evidence-based care, with and without comorbid SUD, to examine how decreased, remitted or persistent substance use impacted rates of a combined symptomatic and functional long-term recovery compared with patients without SUD. Methods ACCESS III is an integrated care model for FEP or patients in the early phase of non-affective and affective psychotic disorders. Treatment trajectories of patients, who had been in ACCESS care for 1 year, with and without SUD were compared with regard to the course of illness and quality of life using Mixed Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) and recovery rates were compared using binary logistic regression. Change in substance use was coded as either persistent, decreased/remitted or no use. Results ACCESS III was a prospective 1-year study (N = 120) in patients aged 12–29 years. Of these, 74 (61.6%) had a comorbid SUD at admission. There were no group differences regarding the course of illness between patients with or without comorbid SUD or between patients with a substance abuse or substance dependence. The only outcome parameter that was affected by SUD was quality of life, with larger improvement found in the group without substance use (p = 0.05) compared to persistent and remitted users. Using LOCF, 44 patients (48.9%) fulfilled recovery criteria at the endpoint; recovery did not differ based on substance use status. Discussion SUD and especially substance dependence are common in psychotic disorders even in FEP patients. Evidence-based integrated care led to long-term improvement in patients with comorbid SUD and rate of recovery did not differ for patients with substance use.
High-Performance Electrochromic Devices Based on Size-Controlled 2D WO3 Nanosheets Prepared Using the Intercalation Method

It is difficult to obtain ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanosheets through direct exfoliation from bulk WO3 in solution due to the strong bonding between interlayers. Herein, WO3 nanosheets with controllable sizes were synthesized via K+ intercalation and the exfoliation of WO3 powder using sonication and temperature. Because of the intercalation and expansion in the interlayer distance, the intercalated WO3 could be successfully exfoliated to produce a large quantity of individual 2D WO3 nanosheets in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone under sonication. The exfoliated ultrathin WO3 nanosheets exhibited better electrochromic performance in an electrochromic device than WO3 powder and exfoliated WO3 without intercalation. In particular, the prepared small WO3 nanosheets exhibited excellent electrochromic properties with a large optical modulation of 41.78% at 700 nm and fast switching behavior times of 9.2 s for bleaching and 10.5 s for coloring. Furthermore, after 1000 cycles, the small WO3 nanosheets still maintained 86% of their initial performance.