Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Streamer-to-spark transition initiated by a nanosecond overvoltage pulsed discharge in air

This study is focused on the streamer-to-spark transition generated by an overvoltage nanosecond pulsed discharge under atmospheric pressure air in order to provide a quantitative insight into plasma-assisted ignition. The discharge is generated in atmospheric pressure air by the application of a positive high voltage pulse of 35 kV to pin-to-pin electrodes and a rise time of 5 ns. The generated discharge consists of a streamer phase with high voltage and high current followed by a spark phase characterized by a low voltage and a decreasing current in several hundreds of nanosecond. During the streamer phase, the gas temperature measured by optical emission spectroscopy related to the second positive system of nitrogen shows an ultra-fast gas heating up to 1200 K at 15 ns after the current rise. This ultra-fast gas heating, due to the quenching of electronically excited species by oxygen molecules, is followed by a quick dissociation of molecules and then the discharge transition to a spark. At this transition, the discharge contracts toward the channel axis and evolves into a highly conducting thin column. The spark phase is characterized by a high degree of ionization of nitrogen and oxygen atoms shown by the electron number density and temperature measured from optical emission spectroscopy measurements of N+ lines. Schlieren imaging and optical emission spectroscopy techniques provide the time evolution of the spark radius, from which the initial pressure in the spark is estimated. The expansion of the plasma is adiabatic in the early phase. The electronic temperature and density during this phase allows the determination of the isentropic coefficient. The value around 1.2–1.3 is coherent with the high ionization rate of the plasma in the early phase. The results obtained in this study provide a database and the initial conditions for the validation of numerical simulations of the ignition by plasma discharge.
The Downside of Software-Defined Networking in Wireless Network

Mobile traffic volumes have grown exponentially because of the increase in services and applications. Traditional networks are complex to manage because the forwarding, control, and management planes are all bundled together and, thus, administrators are supposed to deploy high-level policies, as each vendor has its own configuration methods. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is considered the future paradigm of communication networks. It decouples control logic from its underlying hardware, thereby promoting logically centralized network control and making the network more programmable and easy to configure. Low-power wireless technologies are moving toward a multitenant and multiapplication Internet of Things (IoT), which requires an architecture with scalable, reliable, and configured solutions. However, employing an SDN-based centralized architecture in the environment of a low-power wireless IoT network introduces significant challenges, such as difficult-to-control traffic, unreliable links, network contention, and high associated overheads that can significantly affect the performance of the network. This paper is a contribution toward a performance evaluation for the use of SDN in wireless networking by evaluating the latency, packet drop ratio (PDR), data extraction rate (DER), and overheads. The results show that SDN adds a high percentage of overheads to the network, which is about 43% of the 57% user packets, and the DER drops when the number of mesh nodes are increased, in addition to the high loss that was observed for packets that traveled over more hops.
Effects of prolonged standing on ground reaction force control and core muscle activation

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v Chapter I: INTRODUCTION . 1 Hypotheses . 4 Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW . 5 Low Back Pain (LBP) . 5 Functional Asymmetries (FAs) . 6 Prolonged Standing (PS) . 11 Effect of Fatigue on Quiet Stance (QS) . 17 Musculoskeletal Sex Differences . 19 Summary/Conclusions . 21 Chapter III: METHOD AND MATERIALS . 24 Subjects . 24 Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Protocol . 25 Surface Electromyography (sEMG) Electrode Placement . 26 Reference Contractions Protocol . 28 Quiet Stance (QS) Trials . 31 Prolonged Standing (PS) Trial . 32 Repeatability . 33 Data Processing and Analysis . 33 Statistical Treatment . 35 Chapter IV: RESULTS . 37 Subject Characteristics . 37 Weight Distribution and Asymmetries . 38 Muscle Activity and Asymmetries . 40 Center of Pressure (CoP) Movements . 42 Correlations . 49 Repeatability . 54 Chapter V: DISCUSSION. 56 vii Effects of Fatigue . 56 Limb Dominance . 59 Correlations . 60 Sex Differences . 63 Limitations . 65 Conclusions. 67 REFERENCES . 69 APPENDICES . 73 Appendix A . 73 Appendix B . 77 Appendix C . 81
Performance differences by gender in English reading test

Test fairness becomes an aspect that needs to be considered when developing a test instrument. It is highly recommended that the instrument should not be biased for the test takers, by ensuring that the items do not behave differently among male and female test-takers. This study aims to examine the extent to which the items in an English proficiency test function differently across gender. Fifty reading items were examined and analysed using a statistical method for detecting DIF. The items were individually tested for gender DIF using Rasch model analysis with the analysis tool of ConQuest. The results showed that six items were detected for DIF, three of which were basic comprehension items, and the other three were vocabulary questions. Some possible ways of dealing with DIF items were also discussed.
ICT, Financial Development and Economic Growth in ASEAN Countries

This paper examines the impact of and relationship between ICT diffusion, financial development and economic growth in selected ASEAN countries. In order to investigate this query, panel data estimations are used by utilizing data from 2003 to 2017. The finding indicates that ICT diffusion and financial development have an impacton economic growth of ASEAN countries. Consequently, the findings of the study could be an aid for the future researcher to study deeper in this research.The policymakers need to take a further initiative to improve the information technology and its applications in these countries. To gain benefit from the ICT drivers of economic growth, policymakers should enact several important policies that permit the development of financial sectors, provide a more convenient regulatory and institutional environment, increase economic openness, prioritize the allocation of resources to the development of ICT infrastructure, and contain the negative effects of inflation and government consumption.
IDENTIFIKASI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA DENGAN METODE MIND MAPPING PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA POKOK BAHASAN OPTIK DI SMA

Learning is a series of learning processes carried out by students to develop a student's knowledge, skill, and attitude. creativity is also required in the learning process. Creative thinking is the ability to solve problems in creating a success. one of the lessons that stressed creativity is the study of physic. Innovative learning can be done by selecting the methods of mind mapping presented in pitures and words. the mind mapping is the most effective and efficient way to input, store, and extract data from the brain. The study aims to identify student's creativite thinking ability by using the mind mapping method in Jember high school students. The study is a qualitative and qualitative deitique carried out at SMAN 4 Jember, SMAN Ambulu, and SMAN Jenggawah. Research tools involve the matter of creative thinking tests and the results of students sheets using the mind mapping method. Research shows that overall stages of the entire school being subjected to research, each indicator would be an average of 50-79. Within the criteria of a student's creativity can be categorized as moderate or creative enough. Keywords : Identification, creative thinking ability, mind mapping, optics
Effect of Humic Acid, Biofertilizers and Mineral Phosphate on Soil Microbial Activity and Productivity of Pea Plants under Toshka Conditions

Two field experiments were conducted during the winter season of 2015/2016 & 2016/2017, at Toshka Research Station Desert Research Center. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of humic acid (HA) at rates of 0, 4 and 8 kg / fed. combined with phosphate dissolving bacteria(PDB) and mineral phosphate fertilizer at rates of 100, 90, 80 and 70% P2O5 of the recommended dose in commercial production on pea plants. Treatment with humic acid at 8 kg / fed. combined with inoculation of PDB and 100% of mineral phosphate fertilizer significantly increased the total microbial count, Bacillus megaterium count, CO2 evolution , organic carbon and phosphatase and dehydrogenase enzymes activities. The bio-fertilizer treatments (PDB) showed a clear superiority when added in combination with the phosphate fertilizer and humic acid compared to the results of using a mixture of humic acid and superphosphate only. Adding of humic acid and superphosphate with the presence of phosphate dissolving bacteria improved most of the vegetative growth characteristics of plants. Yield components had the highest positive response to humic acid combined with mineral fertilizer percentage with phosphate-dissolving bacteria. The highest concentration of N, P, and K were with the use of humic acid at (8 kg), phosphate-dissolving bacteria and 100% phosphate fertilization P2O5.
Variation of optical band gap in obliquely deposited selenium thin films

The selenium thin films of obliquely and normal deposited for different thickness were prepared using thermal evaporation method at pressure of 10 - 5 torr on to the glass substrate at room temperature. The band gap of thin films with respect to normal to vapour beam direction decreases with angle of deposition, which may be due to small increase in the thickness of the thin films with angle of deposition. The optical band gap has also been observed for different thin films having large variation in thickness.The optical energy band gap of these films decreases with thickness due to quantum size effect.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN SUAMI TENTANG ALAT KONTRASEPSI KB KONDOM DI DUSUN SAPANANG KECAMATAN KAJANG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

Penggunaan kontrasepsi kondom masih rendah dan kurang dipilih oleh suami dalam menekan laju pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan suami tentang pemakaian kondom di Desa Sapanang Kecamatan Kajang Kabupaten Bulukumba. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Jumlah sampel yang didapatkan sebanyak 30 responden yang memakai alat kontrasepsi KB kondom. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa pengetahuan suami tentang kondom di Dusun sapanang Kec. Kajang Kab. Bulukumba yaitu kategori baik (3,4%), cukup (46,6 %), dan kurang (50 %). Pengetahuan suami berdasarkan pengertian tentang kondom dalam kategori baik (3,3%),cukup (26,7%), dan kurang (70,0%). Pengetahuan suami berdasarkan kelebihan kondom yaitu kategori baik (3.4%), kurang (96.6%) dan cukup (0.0%). Pengetahuan suami berdasarkan kekurangan kondom yaitu kategori baik (46,6%), cukup (10%), dan kurang (43,4%). Pengetahuan suami berdasarkan efek samping tentang kondom yaitu kategori baik (3,4%), cukup (30%), dan kurang (66,6%). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar pengetahuan suami tentang alat kontrasepsi kondom masih kurang. Selain itu, pengetahuan suami terhadap pengertian kontrasepsi kondom, tentang kelebihan kontrasepsi kondom dan tentang efek samping terhadap kondom juga masih berkategori kurang. Akan tetapi, mayoritas pengetahuan para suami tentang kekurangan kondom adalah berkategori baik.
Examining reading comprehension in disadvantaged segregated classes. The role of class composition, teacher trust, and teaching learning strategies

ABSTRACT At-risk students are overrepresented in disadvantaged segregated primary schools. Often, these students begin with an educational delay and have less parental support, which makes them more dependent on the quality of their education. Since quality of education depends in great measure upon mechanisms at the class level, it is crucial to gain insight into the interrelations between class input, teacher process variables and student outcomes. A multilevel path analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between socioeconomic and ethnic class composition, teacher trust in students, teaching learning strategies, and reading comprehension in socially and ethnically disadvantaged segregated primary classes. A reading comprehension test, teacher questionnaire and video observations of language lessons were administered (September – October 2013) to a sample of 7- and 8-year-old students (n = 271) and their 22 teachers. The socioeconomic and ethnic class situation had a significant impact on teaching learning strategies, which in turn was positively related to students’ reading comprehension. Our findings underline the key role of teaching learning strategies, which mediates the relationship between the socioeconomic and ethnic class composition and reading comprehension in disadvantaged, segregated primary classes. Policy implications, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Influence of Different Improved Hummers Method Modifications on the Characteristics of Graphite Oxide in Order to Make a More Easily Scalable Method

Different samples of graphite oxide (GrO) were prepared by modification of the Improved Hummers Method reported in the literature. Graphite was used as the raw material and KMnO4 and H2SO4 were used as chemical reagents. GrO samples were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that, after optimizing the synthesis method, the oxidation time was reduced from 12 to 3 h, coagulation step was removed, wash step was halved, use of H3PO4 during the oxidation step was no longer necessary, the production of graphite oxide per batch was increased, and the amount of graphite that could be processed was increased five times. Therefore, synthesis costs were significantly lower than those related to the published Improved Hummers Method. An economic assessment for the industrial scale demonstrated that this process could be viable from the third year after its implementation.
Dissolved nutrient dynamics along the southwest coastal waters of India during northeast monsoon: a case study

ABSTRACT Dissolved nutrients, Chl-a and primary productivity were measured from seven transects along the coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea during northeast monsoon. Ten major estuaries were chosen to study the influence of estuarine discharge on the nutrient dynamics in the coastal waters. The mean water discharge of the estuaries in the north (64.8 ± 18 × 105 m3 d−1) was found to be higher than those in the south (30.6 ± 21.4 × 105 m3 d−1), whereas the nutrient concentrations were found to be higher in the estuaries of the south. The results from the offshore waters were discussed in accordance with the depth contour classification, that is, shelf (depth ≤ 30 m) and slope waters (depth ≥ 30 m). Our results suggest that the estuarine discharge plays a major role in the nutrient distribution in near shore shelf waters, whereas in shelf and slope waters, it was mainly controlled by in situ biological processes. The inorganic form of N to P ratios were found to be higher than Redfield ratio in slope waters when compared with shelf waters, suggesting that PO43− (<0.15 µmol L−1) is a limiting nutrient for primary production. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the nutrient dynamics in the coastal waters was controlled by both biological and physical processes.
Studi Anthophyta di Kota Magelang sebagai Sumber Pembelajaran Saintifik pada Perkuliahan Biosistematika Tumbuhan

Kota “sejuta bunga” Magelang memiliki potensi keanekaragaman tumbuhan antophyta. Namun, potensi tersebut belum dianalisis lebih lanjut dan diotimalkan sebagai sumber belajar dalam pembelajaran saintifik Biosistematika Tumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasi tumbuhan antophyta di Kota Magelang, dan menganalisis kelayakan potensinya sebagai sumber belajar dalam pembelajaran saintifik Biosistematika Tumbuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik. Identifikasi antophyta dilakukan dengan metode perbandingan gambar dan lanjutkan proses klasifikasi secara hierarkis. Sampel diambil dari setiap populasi tumbuhan yang memiliki persamaan perawakan dengan area observasi sepanjang 800 m di Taman Tanggul Kali Kota. Analisis kelayakan potensi sumber belajar dilakukan melalui expert judgement dengan instrumen angket skala Likert. Penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi 35 spesies tumbuhan antophyta di Kota Magelang dan dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 32 genus, 25 famili, 16 ordo, dan 2 kelas. Hasil analisis kelayakan sumber belajar memperoleh kategori baik (83,85%), sehingga potensi tersebut layak menjadi sumber belajar dalam kegiatan pembelajaran saintifik pada mata kuliah Biosistematika Tumbuhan.
Mere Presence of a Cell Phone: Effects on Academic Ability

Prior research has suggested that cell phone use in the classroom and during learning-related tasks is detrimental to academic performance. Recently, the mere presence of a cell phone has been found to negatively affect relationships and to impair performance on learning and cognitive tasks. This study explored whether the presence (visibility without use) of a cell phone negatively impacts one’s performance on tests measuring preexisting academic ability. The study evaluated 45 participants; some were enrolled in an introductory psychology course, and others were members of the public. Three subtests from the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT-4) were completed: spelling, sentence comprehension, and mathematics. During testing, half of the participants had cell phones, and the other half did not. Statistical analyses revealed no significant difference between the cell phone-present and cell phone-absent group on the sentence comprehension (p=.52), spelling (p=.07), and mathematics subtest (p=.11). Unexpectedly, a non-significant trend was observed in the opposite direction; that is, the cell phone-present group outperformed the cell phone-absent group on all subtests. Therefore, the original hypothesis suggesting that the cell phone-present group would be significantly poorer at demonstrating preexisting skills on tests of academic ability in comparison to the cell phone-present group was not supported.
Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Screening Tool for Evaluation of Silent Brain Ischemia in Severe Coronary Artery Disease: A Clinical Based Study

Amac: Norolojik bulgu gostermeyen iskemik degisiklikler ve enfarktlar olarak tanimlanan sessiz beyin iskemisi (SBI), kotu sag kalimin bilinen bir gostergesidir. Manyetik rezonans goruntuleme (MRG), SBI ve mikroanjiopatik iskemik hastaliga karsilik gelen beyaz madde hiperintensitelerini gostermede yararli bir yontemdir. Bu calismada SBI, beyaz madde lezyonlari ile koroner arter hastaligi (KAH) arasindaki iliskiyi arastirmak ve SBI'nin olasi belirleyicilerini belirlemek amaclanmistir. Gerec ve Yontemler: Koroner anjiyografi yapilan toplam 10640 hasta retrospektif olarak taranarak 6 ay icerisinde muteakip olarak kranial MRG ile degerlendirilmis 312 hasta belirlendi. KAH ciddiyeti Gensini skoru ile tespit edildi ve MRG’ler SBI varligi ile Fazekas skoru ile olculen beyaz madde hiperintensiteleri acisindan degerlendirildi. Bunun sonucunda SBI olan 58 ve SBI olmayan 254 hasta, SBI ve SBI olmayan hasta gruplarini olusturdu. Bulgular: SBI olan hastalar, SBI olmayan hastalardan anlamli sekilde daha yasli ve daha yuksek prevalansta erkek cinsiyette idi. SBI grubunda hem Gensini hem de Fazekas skorlari daha yuksekti (p<0.001). Fazekas skoru, Gensini skoru (r=0,219; p<0,001) ve yas (r=0,465; p<0,001) ile pozitif korelasyonlu idi. Lojistik regresyon analizinde; yas, erkek cinsiyet ve Gensini skoru, SBI’nin bagimsiz belirtecleri olarak belirlendi. Sonuc: SBI norolojik semptom gostermese de, kotu sag kalim ve ileride yasanacak inme ile iliskilidir. Bulgularimiz, kranial MRG’nin ozellikle coklu damar KAH olan yasli erkeklerde risk degerlendirmesi icin bir tarama araci olabilecegini gostermektedir. Calismamiz ayrica yas, erkek cinsiyet ve yuksek Gensini skorunun SBI’nin bagimsiz belirtecleri oldugunu gostermistir.
Evaluation of Cellulose Nanoparticles Synthesized by Acid Hydrolysis for Safe Applications

In the present study, cellulose nanoparticles were synthesized from waste cotton by acid hydrolysis method. Nanoparticles were obtained by the hydrolysis of pretreated cotton fibers with an acid mixture containing water, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4). Characterization and biocompatibility studies of obtained cellulose nanoparticles were performed successfully. The morphological studies of cellulose nanoparticles were conducted by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Both showed that the cellulose nanoparticles synthesized from waste cotton measured approximately 100 - 200nm in diameter. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopic spectrum showed the elemental composition of the cellulose nanoparticles containing carbon and oxygen. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy spectrum revealed the presence of several characteristic peaks of cellulose nanoparticles. Human lung epithelial (Beas-2B) cells were used to assess the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility activity of cellulose nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity of cellulose nanoparticles was determined by 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. Live/Dead viability assay was carried out to assess the biocompatibility of cellulose nanoparticles. Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Beas-2B cells incubated with cellulose nanoparticles was determined by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) assay. MTT and Live/Dead assays showed no significant induction of cell death even at higher concentrations (100 μg) upon exposure to Beas- 2B cells. ROS assay revealed that cellulose nanoparticles did not induce any reactive oxygen species that contribute to the oxidative stress and inflammation leading to various disease conditions. The results revealed that the cellulose nanoparticles have a great potential in a variety of commercial applications
Yield, Quality, Nitrogen Use efficiency (NUE) and Water Use efficiency (WUE) of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] as Influenced by Irrigation and Nitrogen Levels

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2017-18 at Central Research Farm, Gayespur, Nadia, under Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal to assess the effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on performance of hybrid mustard. The experiment was comprised of nine treatment combinations in split plot design with replicated thrice. The results revealed that, maximum seed yield (2016 kg/ha) was achieved in IW/CPE=1.0 with 120 kg nitrogen/ha followed by IW/CPE=1.2 with the same dose of nitrogen/ha. The highest value of oil percentage (40.2%) was noticed in IW/CPE=1.2 with application of 80 kg N/ha followed by IW/CPE=1.0 and same dose of nitrogen. The maximum oil yield (721 litre/ha) was registered in IW/CPE=1.2 with 120 kg N/ha followed by IW/CPE=1.0 with the same dose of nitrogen/ha. The maximum NUE (30.0 %) was achieved in IW/CPE=1.0 with 40 kg N/ha followed by IW/CPE=1.0 and with 40 kg N/ha. Among the irrigation levels, maximum WUE was recorded 9.6 kg/ha/mm with IW/CPE=1.0 whereas, application of 120 kg N/ha was noticed maximum WUE about 11.2 kg/ha/mm. The maximum biological yield was registerd in IW/CPE=0.8 with 120 kg nitrogen/ha and the lowest was recorded with IW/CPE=1.2 with 40 kg nitrogen/ha. The IW/CPE=1.0 along with 120 kg nitrogen/ha is a suitable combination for profitable production of hybrid mustard in the Mohanpur, West Bengal and other similar ecoregions.