Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The invasive alien species Amorpha fruticosa in Bulgaria and its potential as economically prospective source of valuable essential oil

The high tolerance of various habitat conditions and potent propagation ability of Amorpha fruticosa L. (Fabaceae) promote its aggressive invasive behaviour. The aim of this study is to evaluate 1) several populations of this plant by the potential yield of the fruit, 2) the approximate yield of the essential oils, and 3) composition of the essential oil. The potential yield of fruit is evaluated based on extrapolations of weight and number of fruits per infrutescence, number of infrutescences per plant and number of individuals per population. Steam extraction of the essential oil was performed and GS/MS analysis of the composition of the essential oil. The populations on our key plots are big enough for harvesting with fruit/infrutescence 152 ±15 (n = 20) and infrutescences/shrub 436 ±157 (n = 20). The yield is 0.83 ml/100g. We identified 22 components with major constituents caryophyllene (17.64%) α-guaiene (14.70%), naphthalene (6.75%), γ-muurolene + (5.98%).
Public Agency in Changing Industrial Circular Economy Ecosystems: Roles, Modes and Structures

Value creation in the circular economy (CE) is a result of co-creation. In the industrial context, the theme of collaboration has been studied extensively on a company-to-company basis, but related public agency remains unexplored. Still, circular actions happen in societal contexts where public actors and logics are constantly present, enabling the change toward more sustainable actions. For systematic discovery of the topic, the following research questions are considered: (a) What roles can a public actor have in an industrial CE ecosystem? (b) What are the relationship modes a public actor can have? (c) In what kind of actor structures may the roles and modes occur? The study relies on two multiple case studies in the international (Study 1) and Finnish eco-industrial parks (Study 2) contexts. The results are based on qualitative content analysis conducted with both primary and secondary data. As a result, six distinct roles—operator, organizer, financer, supporter, policymaker, and regulator—and two modes—facilitative and dirigiste—for public agency in industrial CE ecosystems were identified. The roles depict the concrete means used by public actors whereas the modes depict the characteristics of these actions. Finally, exemplar organization models for the recognized roles and modes in industrial CE ecosystems were examined. The study provides insights into how public actors can contribute to sustainability transitions among their territories and helps practitioners to better understand the premises for public–private interaction.
Magnetic anisotropy of tetragonal FeCo/Pt(001) superlattices

The magnetic properties of tetragonally strained Fe0.36Co0. 64 alloys in the form of FeCo/Pt(001) superlattices have been investigated experimentally. The strain was controlled by varying the individual constituent thicknesses in the range 3–10 atomic monolayers (ML), resulting in lattice-parameter ratios c/a between 1.18 and 1.31. The sample with a c/a ratio of 1.18 has a preferred out-of-plane magnetization direction and magnetic stripe domains, revealed by MFM, while samples with higher c/a ratios prefer in-plane magnetization. The strain-induced contribution to anisotropy was found to have a dominating effect. Saturation-magnetization values up to 2.31 T at room temperature were measured.
Effect of anions on the self-assembly of two Cd–organic frameworks: syntheses, structural diversity and photoluminescence properties

By employing a rigid tripodal ligand 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene (tib) to assemble with two different Cd(II) salts, we have obtained two distinct cationic metal–organic frameworks, [Cd(tib)2·2NO3·4DMF]n (1) and [Cd(tib)2·2ClO4·4DMF]n (2) (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide). The compounds were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by infrared spectra (IR), elemental analyses, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Both compounds 1 and 2 are constructed based on 2D square lattice (sql) nets, through ligand-to-axial (L–A), pillared by triangular tib ligands, resulting in two diverse 3D pillar-layered architectures. Compound 1 features a cationic framework with a (3,6)-connected rtl topology and has rhomboid channels; while for 2, the 2D layers repeat in an ⋯ABAB⋯ staggered stacking mode pillared by tib ligands, resulting in a different cationic framework from 1 with a pyr net. The results demonstrate that counterions NO3− and ClO4− play an important role in the fabrication of structures of 1 and 2. Furthermore, the photoluminescence of compounds 1 and 2 have been investigated in the solid state at ambient temperature.
Joint pricing and inventory control in a make-to-stock queue with delay-sensitive customers

Abstract We consider price and inventory decisions in a make-to-stock system from the perspectives of a profit-maximizing server and a social planner in which customers are delay-sensitive. Under two information cases (i.e. an almost unobservable case and a fully observable case), customers decide whether to purchase the product based on their utility. The utility is closely related to whether the inventory of the product is available, the product’s price, and the waiting time. We first investigate the optimal decision in the almost unobservable case. In this case, the server’s inventory strategy depends on the relationship between the unit holding cost of the product and the unit waiting cost of the customer. Additionally, the system utilization factor also affects the inventory strategy. Then, we analyse the corresponding results in the fully observable case. The results illustrate that, in both cases, profit maximization and welfare maximization lead to different pricing and inventory strategies. Finally, the numerical results show that the optimal price is sensitive to delay information, whereas the optimal stock level is not.
Anisotropic Features of Water and Ion Dynamics in Synthetic Na- and Ca-Smectites with Tetrahedral Layer Charge. A Combined Quasi-elastic Neutron-Scattering and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Study

The temperature- and orientation-dependent dynamics of water molecules and sodium or calcium cations confined in the interlayer space of synthetic saponite with contrasting layer charge were analyzed through the combination of three-axis neutron spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. We first show that it is possible to generate MD simulated quasi-elastic spectra that are equivalent to the experimental ones. As a consequence, the analysis of spectra in terms of Lorentzian decomposition can be advantageously replaced by a direct exploitation of MD results. We show that such strategy provides classical information on the influence of clay crystal chemistry on water and ion dynamical features as well as reliable additional information on (i) dynamics associated to different types of water molecules (bonded or not to interlayer cations) and (ii) interlayer cation dynamics. The same strategy applied to data obtained at higher temperature provided further confirmation of the validity of the atomic.
Core Stability and Electromyographic Activity of the Trunk Musculature in Different Woman’s Sports

Volleyball players and gymnasts need strength training to achieve their optimum sport performance. The aims of this study were to describe body composition, strength, performance, and characteristics of trunk muscle activation in volleyball players and gymnasts, and to analyze the differences between the sports. The sample consisted of 40 female athletes: rhythmic gymnasts (n = 24; age 13.95 ± 2.77 years) and volleyball players (n = 16; age 19.81 ± 5.55 years). Body composition, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of isometric tests in an isokinetic dynamometer, McGill core endurance test, and surface electromyography (EMGrms) of the trunk muscle during the McGill test and isometric tests were recorded. Rhythmic gymnasts presented lower body composition values than volleyball players (p < 0.05). The volleyball players presented higher isometric strength than rhythmic gymnasts in terms of MVC in trunk flexion (p < 0.05, d = 1.3) and trunk extension (p < 0.001, d = 1.3). EMGrms from the rhythmic gymnasts were greater for trunk flexor muscles (p < 0.01, d = 0.7) and trunk extensor muscles (p < 0.001, d = 1.3) during McGill endurance tests compared to the volleyball players. In the isometric test, EMGrms from the rhythmic gymnasts were greater for trunk flexor muscles in flexion (p < 0.01, d = 0.9) and extension tests (p < 0.05, d = 0.7). In conclusion, the volleyball players exhibited higher peak strength, despite the fact that the gymnasts showed greater muscle activity during the maximum voluntary contraction.
Designing an Empowerment Model for Iranian Health Centre Managers: A comprehensive study

OBJECTIVES Empowering managers plays a crucial role in developing the capabilities and competencies of individuals to improve the continuous performance of health centre organisations. The purpose of this study is to design a model of empowerment of health centre managers in Iran during 2018-2019. DESIGN In this applied, exploratory, and cross-sectional study, human resource empowerment components were extracted by reviewing the literature and interviewing subject specialists. Then, the conceptual model of the research was designed, and the questionnaire was formulated and validated. Data were collected by filling out a questionnaire from a total of 416 managers of health centres selected by stratified random sampling. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS In the final model of empowerment of health centre managers, five factors were identified as effective factors. The standardised regression coefficients among the contextual, self-efficacy, managerial, organisationalvalue, and psychological factors with empowerment were 0.98, 0.95, 0.92, 0.90, and 0.76, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicate the suitability of the final model of health centre managers’ empowerment. CONCLUSIONS Due to the influence of contextual, self-efficacy, managerial, organisational-value, and psychological factors in the model approved in this study, the health system senior managers can have a systemic approach to issues. In addition, they can improve managers’ abilities by employing a continuous self-assessment system in health centres, applying the proposed model, improving administrative infrastructure and working environment, paying attention to organisational culture, reward system, participatory management, information sharing, continuous training, and modeling.
Effect of rotation direction, traverse speed, and abrasive type during the hydroabrasive disintegration of a rotating Ti6Al4V workpiece

In this study, a new methodology is considered for determining the rotational senses (clockwise or anti-clockwise) of a workpiece during the hydroabrasive disintegration of rotating samples. The rotational directions are taken with respect to the position of the abrasive jet, that is, keeping it on the right side of the rotating workpiece when viewed from the free end in the cartesian coordinate system. Measurements were carried out for diameter deviation, material removal rate and surface roughness as a response to machining parameters such as traverse speed, workpiece rotation direction and abrasive grain. Final diameter of the workpiece (10.28–14.12 mm), material removal rate (1154–3936 mm3/min) and surface roughness (6.65–25.43 µm) values increase with increasing value of traverse speed (5–25 mm/min) using anti-clockwise rotation with Australian garnet abrasive grains. ANOVA analysis of the responses shows that traverse speed (p = 0.000) is a statistically significant parameter for predicting all the machining responses. Abrasive type and rotational direction were statistically significant for determining diameter deviation (p = 0.017, 0.006) and material removal rate (p = 0.000, 0.000) but insignificant for surface roughness (p = 0.373, 0.367). Scanning electron microscopy provided information on the surface morphology, depicting the characteristics of the disintegrated surface. Disintegrated features, like peak and valley formations, craters, holes, cutting traces and embedded abrasive particles on the surface were observed.
Investigations into the Use of Copper and Other Metals as Indicators for the Authenticity of Scotch Whiskies

Trace element analyses were conducted on 35 Scotch Whiskies to investigate if the trace element fingerprint is characteristic for different kinds of Scotch Whiskies. The element concentrations of the eight elements investigated varied considerably; for zinc and iron three orders of magnitude (0.02 to 20 mg Zn L−1 and 0.02 to 28 mg Fe L−1), while nickel and magnesium varied within two orders of magnitude (0.002 to 0.6 mg Ni L−1 and 0.02 to 4 mg Mg L−1). Small variations were detected for calcium, sodium and copper (0.5 to 4 mg Ca L−1, 2 to 24 mg Na L−1, 0.1 to 1.7 mg Cu L−1), while lead, with one exception was usually below 0.005 mg L−1. Using Cluster analysis no characteristic metal fingerprints were identified for the different geographical regions. However, when a second set of samples (42 malt and 8 blend whiskies) were analysed for copper, the copper concentration could be used as a criterion to distinguish Blended or Grain Scotch from Malt Whisky. The Malt Whiskies had a copper concentration between 385 and 480 ng mL−1 (95% confidence limit) while the copper concentration of the blended whiskies was between 143 and 242 ng L−1. Since the difference was highly significant (p < 0.0001), it is suggested that a simple copper analysis could be used as one test to distinguish between a Blended and Malt Scotch Whisky.
Using Compensating Variation to Measure the Costs of Taxing Cigarette in Iran

Background: The impact of pricing strategies on different socioeconomic groups is not uniform. There is urgency in addressing of characteristics of household demand to make a policy choice in line with development goals. Objectives: This study was done to assess the effect of welfare loss from counterfactual tax-induced cigarette price increases on representative smokers by different expenditure quintiles in Iran. Methods: This analytical study was conducted using pooling cross-sections and compensating variation (CV) to evaluate the costs of taxing cigarettes. The data source used in our study was the Household Income and Expenditure survey (HIES) from 2001 - 2017. We did an almost ideal demand system (AIDS) analysis to estimate elasticities for cigarette demand and compute welfare losses from simulated cigarette price increases by socioeconomic groups. We used STATA version 15.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA), and Microsoft Excel 2016 to undertake the relevant analyses and estimates. Results: The highest loss was suffered by households of the poorest quintile, who should afford 1.41%, 2.47 %, and 3.20% more budget in the long-run, respectively, as the result of three simulated price increases to stay at the same well-being as before. Conclusions: Concerning direct welfare loss from the cigarette taxation reform in Iran, and focusing on low-income groups, such a policy can be considered as regressive. However, this regressivity can be reduced by informing strategies to redirect sin tax revenues that benefit the poor.
Statistical modelling reveals spatial, temporal, and environmental preferences for white sharks at an oceanic aggregation site

Guadalupe Island, Mexico, is one of the most important white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) aggregation sites in the Eastern Pacific. In the waters surrounding Guadalupe Island, cage diving has been carried out since 2001 during August-November; however, there is scarce information regarding the factors associated with this seasonal aggregation. The purpose of this study was to describe the probability of occurrence of white sharks relative to spatial, temporal, and environmental factors in Guadalupe Island. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to describe the effect of sea surface temperature, water visibility, tide, moon phase, cloud cover, time of day, and location on white shark occurrence. GAMs were generated from a data set of 6266 sightings of white sharks, classified as immature males, mature males, immature females, and mature females. A sexual segregation related to month was observed, where females arrived after males during late September. GAMs evidenced a segregation of white sharks according to the analysed variables, which is consistent with previous observations in this locality. Environmental preferences for each white shark category are potentially influenced by feeding habits, sexual maturation, and reproduction. This study constitutes a baseline of the effect of the environment on the occurrence of white sharks in Guadalupe Island, which can be used in further studies regarding management and conservation in future climatic and anthropogenic scenarios. Its relevance is related to the understanding of its ecology in oceanic environments and the presence of this threatened species during the ecotourism season.
Differential Ozone Responses Identified among Key Rust-Susceptible Wheat Genotypes

Increasing ambient ozone (O3) concentrations and resurgent rust diseases are two concomitant limiting factors to wheat production worldwide. Breeding resilient wheat cultivars bearing rust resistance and O3 tolerance while maintaining high yield is critical for global food security. This study aims at identifying ozone tolerance among key rust-susceptible wheat genotypes [Rust near-universal susceptible genotypes (RnUS)], as a first step towards achieving this goal. Tested RnUS included seven bread wheat genotypes (Chinese Spring, Line E, Little Club, LMPG 6, McNair 701, Morocco and Thatcher), and one durum wheat line (Rusty). Plants were treated with five O3 concentrations (CF, 50, 70, 90, and 110 ppb), in two O3 exposure systems [continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) and outdoor-plant environment chambers (OPEC)], at 21–23 Zadoks decimal growth stage. Visible injury and biomass accumulation rate were used to assess O3 responses. Visible injury data showed consistent order of genotype sensitivity (Thatcher, LMPG 6 > McNair 701, Rusty > Line E, Morocco, Little Club > Chinese Spring). Additionally, leaves at different orders showed differential O3 responses. Biomass accumulation under O3 stress showed similar results for the bread wheat genotypes. However, the durum wheat line “Rusty” had the most O3-sensitive biomass production, providing a contrasting O3 response to the tolerance reported in durum wheat. Chinese Spring was the most tolerant genotype based on both parameters and could be used as a source for O3 tolerance, while sensitive genotypes could be used as sensitive parents in mapping O3 tolerance in bread wheat. The suitability of visible symptoms and biomass responses in high-throughput screening of wheat for O3 tolerance was discussed. The results presented in this research could assist in developing future approaches to accelerate breeding wheat for O3 tolerance using existing breeding materials.
Plasma etching of benzocyclobutene in CF4/O2 and SF6/O2 plasmas

Results for the reactive ion etching and patterning of benzocyclobutene (BCB) in CF4∕O2 and SF6∕O2 plasmas in a parallel-plate reactor with Langmuir probe and optical emission diagnostics are reported. The behavior of the O atom concentration [O] is similar in both plasmas, showing a strong maximum at a concentration of about 70% O2. The F atom concentration [F] has a maximum at 30% O2 in CF4∕O2, but the etch rate has a maximum at 70% O2. In SF6∕O2, by contrast, [F] and the etch rate increase continuously as the SF6 content is increased, and the highest etch rate is obtained with pure SF6. Also, BCB etched in pure SF6 gives a very smooth surface. Patterning is performed using two different masks: a conventional hard mask with Si oxide as the top layer and a different type of mask with BCB itself as the top layer. The anisotropy of the etching is evaluated in terms of the plasma conditions and type of masking. The aspect ratio dependence of the etch rate is investigated up to an aspect ratio of 2.5. The re.
Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of aquated sulfur dioxide by hydrogen peroxide at low pH

A stopped-flow kinetic study of the oxidation of sulfur dioxide by hydrogen peroxide was performed over the pH range 0.0-4.5. A rate expression of the following form was verified experimentally: d[S(VI)]/dt = k_lK_(a1)[H_2O_2][S(IV)](k_2[H^+] + /((k-l+ k2[H+]+ k_3[HA])/{k_(-1) + k_2[H^+]+ k_3[HA])(k_(al) + [H^+]) The following kinetic parameters at 15 oC were determined: k_l = (2.6 ± 0.5) x 10^6 M^(-1) s^(-1), k_2/k_(-l) = 16 ± 4 M^(-1), k_2/k_3 = (5 ± 1) x 10^2 (HA = acetic acid), ΔH^*_1 = 37 ± 2 kJ mol^(-1), and ΔS^*_1 = 4 ± 4 J K^(-1) mol^(-1). The reaction proceeds via a nucleophilic displacement of HSO_3^- by H_2O_2 to form a peroxymonosulfurous acid intermediate which undergoes acid-catalyzed rearrangement to form product: SO_2. H_2O ⇌ HSO_3^- + H^+ (k_(al)), H_2O_2 HSO_3^- ⇌ HOOSO_2^- (k_1,k_(-1) HOOSO_2^- + HA → HA + HSO_4^- k_3. Application of the above rate expression to reactions occurring in hydrometeors is discussed.
Silicon Epitaxial Layer Lifetime Characterization

Surface photovoltage (SPV) measurements are traditionally carried out under steady-state conditions to determine the minority carrier diffusion length. While this technique is very convenient for bulk wafer defect characterization, especially the detection of iron in boron-doped silicon wafers, it is poorly suited to characterize epitaxial layers that are typically much thinner than the minority carrier diffusion length. We have developed the theory for frequency-dependent SPV measurements and have verified this theory with experimental data. We consider the various recombination. /generation components in the semiconductor and determine the dependence on photon flux density, optical absorption coefficient, doping density recombination lifetime, and temperature. Epitaxial layers are usually measured with techniques that are sensitive to generation parameters confined to the reverse-biased space-charge region (scr). We show that optical excitation can be used for scr confined recombination measurements, but the resultant lifetime is an effective lifetime incorporating both scr and surface recombination, heavily influenced by surface recombination.