Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate method for evaluating the duration of the entire radiotherapy process

Abstract Background and purpose Along with the increasing demand for high‐quality radiotherapy and the growing number of high‐precision radiotherapy devices, precise radiotherapy workflow management and accurate time evaluation of the entire radiotherapy process are crucial to providing appropriate, timely treatment for cancer patients. This study therefore aimed to establish an accurate, reliable method for evaluating the duration of the radiotherapy process, from beginning to end, based on real‐time measurement data. These data are vital for improving the quality and efficiency of radiotherapy delivery. Materials and methods Altogether, 17 620 cancer patients’ radiotherapy experiences were measured in real time in our radiation oncology department. The process was divided into five sequential core modules, with the start and stop times of each module automatically recorded using MOSAIQ software, an automated radiotherapy management system. The duration for each module and the total duration of the entire process were then automatically calculated and qualitatively analyzed. Results The analysis showed significant treatment–time differences depending on the tumor site, which provided a practical reference for improvement of previous treatment modules and appointments management. In all, >60% of the cancer patients’ total treatment time could be shortened. Conclusions We established a reliable method for evaluating the overall duration of radiotherapy protocols. The results pointed out a clear pathway by which we could improve future radiotherapy workflow management and appointment systems.
Mechanical analysis of a hydroxyl-apatite coated knee prosthesis

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Sterilization of Screwworm Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) with Gamma Rays: Restudy After Two Decades

The effects of gamma irradiation on the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax , were reexamined to determine an optimum combination of dose, age, and stage for treatment that would not affect the quality of the sterile fly. Test insects from the mass-production plant at Mission, Texas, were exposed in a gamma irradiator with a cesium-137 source. Fertility was determined from the eggs obtained when irradiated and unirradiated flies were mated. Emergence, survival, and insemination were excellent if pupae were irradiated within 72 h of emergence. The induced sterility of males irradiated as late pupae with 2 or more krad was greater than 95%; the effective sterility of females irradiated at the same stage was 100% when the dose was 4 krad. Two to 10 krad did not reduce pupal survival, but 3–7 krad reduced longevity of the emerged males, but not the emerged females. Irradiation (1–9 krad) of males as late pupae diminished mating competitiveness, which declined progressively as the dose was increased beyond 5 krad. Irradiation of males as adults at a low dose (2.5 krad) did not impair mating competitiveness and longevity. When males were irradiated as late pupae with 1 krad, they were twice as radiosusceptible in the afternoon as in the morning. Since success in screwworm eradication depends on satisfactory mating competitiveness and longevity of the released males, a gamma dose in excess of the minimum necessary is likely to be detrimental to maximum suppression. However, such adverse effects can be overcome by sterilizing males as young adults rather than as pupae.
Antifungal Activity of Tubers And Seeds Extracts of Gloriosa Superba L. Against in Human Pathogens.

The present study deals with the antifungal activity of Acetone, Dichloromethane, methanol extracts of the tubers and seeds of Gloriosa superba L. (Liliaceae) using disc diffusion method against human pathogens, such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. In the present investigation all the extracts were found to be effective against five human fungal species. The maximum inhibition was observed on Aspergillus flavus (16.50 mm) methanol extract for seed and followed by Candida glabrata in methanol seed extract (16.50 mm).
Follow-up results of microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm.

OBJECTIVE : We evaluated the follow-up results of microvascular decompression in 1032 patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS), who underwent operations between 1976 and 1991 and were followed for more than 5 years. METHOD : Patients were divided into two groups, and their follow-up results were compared and studied. The early series, Group A (1976-1986), comprised 588 patients (127 with TN and 461 with HFS) followed from 10 to 20 years (mean, 12.6 ± 2.1 yr), and the recent series, Group B (1987-1991), comprised 444 patients (154 with TN and 290 with HFS) followed from 5 to 9 years (mean, 7.0 ± 1.4 yr). RESULTS : The immediate postoperative cure rates were 92.9% in Group A and 96.7% in Group B for TN and 97.4% in Group A and 98.3% in Group B for HFS. Satisfactory results obtained by the follow-up study were 80.3% in Group A and 82.5% in Group B for TN and 84.2% in Group A and 89.0% in Group B for HFS. Incomplete cure rates were 7.1% in Group A and 3.3% in Group B for TN and 2.6% in Group A and 1.7% in Group B for HFS. Recurrence rates were 10.2% in Group A and 6.5% in Group B for TN and 8.9% in Group A and 6.9% in Group B for HFS. Postoperative hearing dysfunction occurred in 7.1% of patients with TN in Group A and 4.5% in Group B and 9.1% of patients with HFS in Group A and 3.7% in Group B. CONCLUSION : Improved methods of repositioning the affected vessels and of straightening the axis of the trigeminal nerve are important to obtain satisfactory follow-up results after microvascular decompression.
Spatial relationships between dominant ants and the cocoa mirid Sahlbergella singularis in traditional cocoa-based agroforestry systems

Manipulating ant communities to control pests of cocoa has proven to be a promising strategy, especially in Asia. However, concerning African cocoa mirids, the main pests of cocoa in Africa, basic knowledge on mirid-ant relationships is still incomplete. Our study aimed to characterize the spatial relationships between dominant ant species and the mirid Sahlbergella singularis (Hemiptera: Miridae) in traditional cocoa-based agroforestry systems of Cameroon. Over two consecutive years, mirid and ant populations were assessed by a chemical knock-down sampling method in four plots of 100 cocoa trees, located in three different agroecological zones in the Centre region of Cameroon. Mapping procedures were used to display spatial distribution of mirid and ant populations. Also, we adapted spatial statistics methodologies of point pattern analysis to consider the regular tree position effects on insect positions. These techniques allow testing the statistical significance of Poisson null models, leading to the classification of the spatial patterns of insects into association vs. segregation. Our results clearly demonstrated spatial segregation between mirid and the dominant weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda, known as a key-predator in natural ecosystems. Weaver ant trumps, especially its dominant status in ant communities of cocoa ecosystems and its ecological preferences for open habitats, make it a promising candidate for conservation biocontrol against cocoa mirids in Africa. (Resume d'auteur)
Avalanche frequency and terrain characteristics at Rogers’ Pass, British Columbia, Canada

Abstract The frequency of avalanches at a given location is the primary variable for calculating the risk as input to zoning applications and decisions about avalanche-control options. In this paper, we present an in-depth study of avalanche frequency using an extensive data base of avalanche-occurrence records from Rogers’ Pass, British Columbia (43 avalanche paths; 24 years of records). This study, the first of its kind for high-frequency avalanche paths, yields the result that the frequency of avalanches may be described by a Poisson distribution. Study of the relationship between terrain variables and precipitation estimates shows that avalanche frequency is significantly correlated with path roughness, 30 year maximum water equivalent, east-west location from Rogers’ Pass summit, wind exposure and run-out zone elevation and inclination. With the length of avalanche-occurrence records and quality of the data, we believe our study is the most comprehensive in existence about avalanche frequency and its relation to terrain variables.
Gender-biased parasitism in small mammals: patterns, mechanisms, consequences

Abstract This article reviews patterns, causes and consequences of gender-biased infestation of small mammalian hosts by macroparasites. We start with a description of gender biases in parasite infestation and discuss variation in these patterns among host and parasite taxa. We also look at temporal and spatial variations in gender-biased parasitism and demonstrate that they can vary seasonally and be mediated by environmental conditions. Then, we present main hypotheses that examine mechanisms of gender-biased parasitism. One group of these hypotheses focuses on differences between male and female hosts in their probability to be attacked by parasites, while another group links gender-biased parasitism with differences in parasite performance in male vs. female hosts. Finally, we discuss possible consequences of male-biased parasitism for individual parasites, their populations and communities.
Effects of Temperature on the Mating Call of Hyla versicolor

Temperature effects on the mating call of the gray tree frog (Hyla versicolor) in Missouri were intensively studied in the field and laboratory. It was found that pulse repetition rate increased and remained linear throughout the 24.3 C temperature range in which the frogs were recorded (from 9.2-33.5 C), thus supporting Walker's (1975) assumptions about the linearity of the temperaturedependence of rates within a poikilotherm's nervous system. Inter-call interval, call duration, pulse duration and pulse number decrease with an associated increase in temperature while dominant frequency increased only slightly.
Effects of grit roughness and pitch oscillations on the S814 airfoil

Horizontal-axis wind turbine rotors experience unsteady aerodynamics when the rotor is yawed, when rotor blades pass through the support tower wake, and when the wind is gusting. An understanding of this unsteady behavior is necessary to assist in the design of new rotor airfoils. The rotors also experience performance degradation due to surface roughness. These surface irregularities are due to the accumulation of insect debris, ice, and/or the aging process. Wind tunnel studies that examine both the steady and unsteady behavior of airfoils can help define pertinent flow phenomena, and the resultant data can also be used to validate analytical computer codes. An S814 airfoil model was tested in The Ohio State University Aeronautical and Astronautical Research Laboratory (OSU/AARL) 3 X 5 subsonic wind tunnel (3 X 5) under steady flow with both stationary model conditions and pitch oscillations. To study the extent of performance loss due to surface roughness, a leading edge grit roughness pattern (LEGR) was used to simulate leading edge contamination. After baseline cases were completed, the LEGR was applied for both steady state and model pitch oscillation cases. The Reynolds numbers for steady state conditions were 0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 million, while the angle of attack ranged from -20{degrees} to +40{degrees}. While the model underwent pitch oscillations, data were acquired at Reynolds numbers of 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5 million, at frequencies of 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 Hz. Two sine wave forcing functions {+-}5.5{degrees} and {+-}10{degrees}, were used; at mean angles of attack of 8{degrees}, 14{degrees}, and 20{degrees}. For purposes herein, any reference to unsteady conditions means the model was in pitch oscillation.
THE ROLE OF NHERF1/EBP50 IN WNT SIGNALING IN THE EPITHELIUM

The Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor 1 (NHERF1) is a PDZ-domain containing scaffold abundantly expressed in epithelial tissues. Previous reports from our laboratory demonstrate that NHERF1 negatively regulates Wnt canonical signaling in breast epithelial cells through its interactions with Frizzled receptors. Parallel studies conducted at that time also suggested that NHERF1 knockout mice presented a form of communicating hydrocephalus reminiscent of phenotypes associated with mutations in the non-canonical Wnt Planar Cell Polarity (Wnt PCP) pathway. This observation leads to the hypothesis that NHERF1 regulates both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling and acts as a “signaling switch” between the two pathways. To further elucidate the role of NHERF1 in Wnt signaling regulation we proposed three specific aims: 1) To demonstrate that NHERF1 can act as a tumor suppressor in a Wnt/β-catenin driven breast cancer model, 2) To determine the role of NHERF1 expression and Wnt/β-catenin in endocrine resistant breast cancer, and 3) Investigate the role of NHERF1 in the regulation of Wnt PCP signaling in the mouse ependyma. Although the exact role that NHERF1 plays in the regulation of Wnt canonical signaling in breast cancer remains elusive, our results indicate that NHERF1 increases the association of key Wnt PCP members Van-Gogh like (Vangl) and Frizzled (Fzd) and promotes PCP signaling and ciliogenesis in mouse ependymal tissue.
Ascorbate and Carotenoid Content in an Indian Collection of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir.)

Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir. (pumpkin) is grown throughout tropical and sub tropical countries. In India, pumpkin is the principal ingredient of several culinary vegetables utilized at the immature and mature fruit stage. Pumpkin provides a valuable source of carotenoids and ascorbic acid that have a major role in nutrition in the form of provitamin A and vitamin C as antioxidants, when used at ripening stage or after storage. Content of caroteniods in Spanish pumpkin was higher than that of other pumpkin varieties and even higher than that of beta carotene in carrots (5). In India, consumers prefer dark yellow color, round shape fruit with thick and deep yellow internal flesh colour (personal communication). Indian farmers generally grow their own saved seeds of land races because commercially produced seed is not easily available. Therefore, exploration and collection of pumpkin germplasm was done from main pumpkin growing areas of India with the objective of screening the pumpkin lines having high ascorbic acid and caroteniod content for further improvement in pumpkin quality (6).
Telltale eyes: the lateral visual systems of Rhenish Lower Devonian eurypterids (Arthropoda, Chelicerata) and their palaeobiological implications

The compound eyes of three taxa of Rhenish Lower Devonian eurypterids are examined and compared with those known from other eurypterids and the extant horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. The lateral eyes of the small species Rhenopterus diensti, a phylogenetically basal representative of the stylonurine clade, are characterized by a comparatively low number of lenses and high interommatidial angle Δφ (2.8°). The comparatively limited visual capacities of R. diensti are more similar to L. polyphemus than to its closer relatives of the eurypterine clade and perhaps this reflects a progression of lateral eye structure in the evolution of eurypterids as a whole. The number of eye facets in Adelophthalmus sievertsi is higher than that in the supposed ambush predator Acutiramus cummingsi, but lower than that in other ‘swimming’ eurypterids (Eurypterina). Due to poor preservation, no other eye parameters could be analysed in this species, but further morphological attributes and geographical distribution designate the mid‐sized A. sievertsi as an able swimmer. A low interommatidial angle Δφ of less than 1° confirms that the visual capacities of Jaekelopterus rhenaniae are in line with an interpretation of this giant species as an active high‐level predator. The inferred lifestyles of adult individuals of these three, co‐occurring Rhenish eurypterids indicate niche differentiation avoiding to some degree the competition for food in their marginal marine to delta plain transitional habitats.
Formal methods for the verification of digital circuits

ion Techniques 97 The organization of this chapter is as follows. First, a short overview is given of related work. In particular, we pay attention to a method for approximate reachability analysis of FSMs. In Section 6.4, we discuss the problem of decomposing a product machine without using abstraction. Then we introduce the basic abstraction mechanism we propose for product machines, and explain how this mechanism can be used when decomposing a product machine. In Section 6.6, we focus on how abstraction can be used to prove the equivalence of sequentia! circuits. The use of abstraction techniques for disproving the equivalence of circuits is the subject of Section 6. 7.
“Sharks in Your Hands”—A Case Study on Effects of Teaching Strategies to Change Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Sharks

This study was designed to exemplify how hands-on based teaching strategies enhanced students’ knowledge and positive attitudes towards sharks. Hands-on activities for sharks’ biological and morphological features were carried out. Eleven elementary school students from a remote area in Taiwan were recruited and assigned to the hands-on condition. They were encouraged to draw pictures of sharks before and after the instruction as the main data for pre- and post-test comparison. Two years later, the retention test and attitude inventory towards sharks were implemented. The results revealed that large effect size emerged for both the post-test and retention test. In regards to attitude inventory, students involved in hands-on activities also significantly outperformed the baseline group. Many of them have taken notice of television programs and books about sharks or marine ecology since the hands-on activities, indicating the instruction had a beneficial impact on their extracurricular lives. Empirical findings of this study suggest hands-on instruction is a powerful strategy for learning, both for immediate and prolonged effects on improving students’ knowledge and attitudes toward sharks.
Tom40 PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN TARGETING AND TRANSLOCATION OF PREPROTEINS BY FORMING A SPECIFIC BINDING SITE FOR THE PRESEQUENCE

During preprotein transport across the mitochondrial outer membrane, the N-terminal presequence initially binds to a surface-exposed site, termed cis site, of the protein translocation complex of this membrane (the TOM complex). The presequence then moves into the translocation pore and becomes exposed at the intermembrane space side. Membrane passage is driven by specific interaction of the presequence with the trans site. We have used chemical cross-linking to identify components in the vicinity of the translocating presequence. Preproteins bound to the surface-exposed cis site can be cross-linked via their N-terminal presequence to Tom20 and Tom22, demonstrating their direct association with this part of the preprotein. In addition, the presequence establishes an early contact to Tom40, a membrane-embedded protein of the TOM complex. Upon further entry of the preprotein into the translocation pore, the presequence loses its contact with Tom20/ Tom22, but remains in firm association with Tom40. Our study suggests that Tom40 plays an important function in guiding the presequence of a preprotein across the mitochondrial outer membrane. We propose that Tom40 forms a major part of the trans presequence binding site.
Ex situ Improvement of Indigenous Chicken in Bangladesh

This work is part of a long-term selection program carried out (i) to assess the performance of three indigenous chicken genotypes under intensive management and (ii) to evaluate the response to selection of three indigenous chicken genotypes. A total of 5945 day-old chicks representing three types of indigenous chicken genotypes namely Naked Neck (NN), Hilly (H) and Non-descript Deshi (ND) were hatched for foundation generation (G 0 ), first generation (G 1 ), second generation (G 2 ) and third generation (G 3 ) for this study. In every generation, selection was practiced at 40-week of age on the basis of an index comprising the parameters of age at first egg (AFE), body weight (BW), egg production (EP) and egg weight (EW). The average body weights of ND, H and NN were 1074±4.0, 1279.6±5.5 and 1041.0±5.7 g, respectively at the age of 16 weeks. The mean daily weight gain of indigenous chicken at 0-8, 0-12, 0-16 week and 0-maturity were 7.8±0.02, 9.4±0.02, 9.8±0.02 and 8.2±0.03 g, respectively. The lowest hatchability was found in NN genotype (77.5%). The average egg production of ND, H and NN were 83.9±1.1, 76.2±1.4 and 74.0±1.5, respectively. Among the three indigenous chicken types, ND had significantly higher (p Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 26 (4): 596 – 607 (2015)
A MODEL OF GROWTH RESPONSES BY SPAR TINA ALTERNIFLORA TO NITROGEN LIMITATION

that the temporal changes in SGR were largely dependent on climatic factors. Although significant differences between treatments in SGR were not observed, total net dry matter production (? 1 S.E.) during the growing season ranged from 10-1 + 1.9 to 41 6 + 7.2 g plant-1. (4) Differences in total plant production were attributed to differences in the ratio of growth rate of photosynthetic :nonphotosynthetic tissue rather than to changes in SGR. Quotients of root/shoot production ranged between 0.35 + 0.03 at the high rate of supply to 0.93 + 0.16 at the lowest rate of nitrogen supply. The quotient of growth rate of aerial/growth rate of below-ground biomass also showed a seasonal pattern. The growth rate of aerial biomass was initially 1.7-2.8 times that of below-ground biomass, depending on the treatment, while eventually this quotient decreased to less than 1 0. Although aerial and rhizome production were stimulated by increased nitrogen supply, total root production did not differ significantly between treatments.