Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between stress and negative emotion: The Mediating role of rumination

Using ambulatory assessment, the current study investigated the dynamic impact of stress on negative emotions in daily life and explored the mediating role of rumination in this relationship. A total of 100 college students were recruited and reported their perceived stress, current ruminative thinking and negative emotions (including anxiety, depression, and anger) 5 times a day for 7 consecutive days. Mixed model analyses indicated that the higher level of stress at the current time predicted increased negative emotions at the next time including depression, anger and anxiety. At within-person level, rumination significantly mediated the relationship of stress to depression, anger, and anxiety. At between-person level, overall rumination significantly mediated the relationship between stress and angry. Findings suggested that people who perceived higher level stress may report more rumination, which in turn may lead to increases in negative emotions. Correspondence to: Wei Xu, School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China, Tel: +86-25-83598362; E-mail: livingxw@163.com
Unearthing underground predators: The head morphology of larvae of the moth lacewing genus Ithone Newman (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) and its functional and phylogenetic implications

Moth lacewings (Ithonidae) are a rare group of Neuroptera with an unusual subterranean larval life‐style. We examined external and internal head structures of an older‐instar larva of Ithone Newman with a broad spectrum of techniques. Larval autapomorphies, likely correlated with the subterranean habits, are the compact and shovel‐shaped head, unusually massive mandibular‐maxillary stylets, and a C‐shaped postcephalic body. Other cephalic autapomorphies are the massive X‐shaped tentorium, incurved antennae, and a strongly developed M. verticopharyngalis. The visual organs are distinctly simplified but a single functional stemma on each side of head is retained despite of the subterranean habits. In contrast to previous studies, a well‐developed gular sclerite is present in Ithonidae, possibly a secondary acquisition. A cephalic gland complex and poison channel are present, with an unexpected additional lateral accessory gland and an additional lateral channel. The poison glands and dual channels very clearly indicate that the larvae are predators, contradicting the phytophagous habits formerly postulated. Compared with soil‐inhabiting scarabaeoid beetle larvae, striking differences of head structures are due to different feeding habits and phylogenetic constraints. Morphological similarities like a C‐shaped postcephalic body and strongly developed legs suitable for burrowing in soil are evolutionary parallels associated with the subterranean life‐style in the two non‐related groups. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was carried out with an updated morphological matrix. The results were compared with a phylogeny based on anchored hybrid enrichment data. The evolutionary transformations of selected characters were evaluated using phylogenies estimated from both datasets.
Elementary scaling laws for sizing up and down Hall effect thrusters : Impact of simplifying assumptions

Various sizing methodologies are currently available to get a first estimate of the required Hall effect thruster dimensions for a given input power and a corresponding thrust and specific impulse level. In this work, a semi-empirical approach to compute the three characteristic thruster dimensions, i.e. the channel length, the channel width and the channel mean diameter as well as the magnetic field strength, is introduced. The determination of the scaling laws is based on analytical relationships deduced from the physical mechanisms that govern the properties of a Hall thruster discharge. A set of simplifying assumptions naturally specifies the validity domain of the relationships. The existence of a critical propellant atom density inside the channel, which warrants a high-efficiency thruster operation, is revealed and commented. This “density constraint” leads to a mere linear relation between the channel diameter and width, which is then used to refine the set of scaling laws. The proportionality coefficients of the scaling laws are assessed by way of a vast database that comprises 33 single-stage Hall effect thrusters covering a power range from 10 W up to 50 kW. The sizing method is employed to access the geometry and the operating parameters for a 20 kW-class as well as a 100 kW-class Hall thruster. Results obtained with two different series of simplifying assumptions are compared. The first set forms a very restrictive frame. The second set offers a more realistic description of the physics at work as the electron temperature, the energy losses and multiply-charged ion species are taken into account.
LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS AS A SOURCE OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE – CHEMICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia ✉Corresponding author: Marko Krstic, mkrstic109@gmail.com
Hydrocolloids reduce nasal injuries in infants receiving CPAP: a systematic review

<p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>CPAP is the standard oxygenation management in the respiratory emergencies in infants, complications such as nose injuries are still common. Recognizing risk factors and reducing the pressure which created between the adhesive interface and the nasal skin surface can prevent this complication</em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives: </em></strong><em>The aims of this literature review is to determine the benefits of hydrocolloid dressing on nasal injury and comfort in infants with CPAP. </em></p><p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>Systematic review, the articles search involved several online databases based on the PICO framework and focused on using PRISMA. </em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>9 articles found according to the criteria. There are 3 main themes such as risk factors, the type of interface and barriers skin</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusions: </em></strong><em>nasal injury can be prevented by selecting the right interface and administering hydrocolloid as a barrier to reduces pressure at the interface. </em></p>
Optimal Public Investment in Economic Centers and the Periphery

We analyze productivity enhancing public expenditure in a spatial economic model with labor mobility, firm-specific increasing returns to scale, and transport costs. Building on Krugman (1991), Fujita, Krugman and Venables (1999) and Redding (2016), we compare optimal investment and tax policies of fiscally autonomous regions to those of a benevolent central planer. We find transport costs and the size of scale effects to influence optimal tax and spending rates under both regimes. For sufficiently low transport costs and low substitutability between manufactured goods, regional fiscal autonomy leads to underinvestment: The lower the transport costs, the lower the local investment, and the higher the potential welfare gain through centralized policies. Our results challenge the view that local public goods should be financed entirely by local governments. They also help explain the recent decline of public investment at the municipal level in fiscally decentralized countries like Germany.
The shape of luck and competition in tournaments

Tournaments are settings where agents' performance is determined jointly by effort and luck, and top performers are rewarded. We study the impact of the \shape of luck" { the details of the distribution of performance shocks { on incentives in tournaments. The focus is on the effect of competition, defined as the number of rivals an agent faces, which can be deterministic or stochastic. We show that individual and aggregate effort in tournaments are affected by an increase in competition in ways that depend critically on the shape of the density and failure (hazard) rate of shocks. When shocks have heavy tails, aggregate effort can decrease with stronger competition.
ELECTRON INSTABILITIES IN HALL THRUSTERS : MODELING AND APPLICATION TO ELECTRIC FIELD DIAGNOSTICS

The paper is devoted to a theoretical analysis of large-scale electron instabilities in Hall thrusters (HT), the spectrum of which resides mainly in the megahertz range. Numerical and analytical methods in the collisionless MHD approximation were used. Two kinds of oscillations: Rayleigh type perturbations and Doppler shifted electron gradient waves have been identified as unstable. The first of them are unstable in linear approximation, the second can be excited as a result of non-linear three waves interaction. It was found that the Rayleigh type instability smoothes the profile of the longitudinal electric field. This instability can be the main factor that limits effectively the electric field in the channel. The electron instabilities in HT can be used for diagnostics of the electric field distribution in the thruster. The approach to validate experimentally the theoretical model of electron perturbations in HT is discussed also.
Halo globular clusters observed with AAOmega: dark matter content, metallicity and tidal heating

Globular clusters have proven to be essential to our understanding of many important astrophysical phenomena. Here we analyse spectroscopic observations of ten Halo globular clusters to determine their dark matter content, their tidal heating by the Galactic disc and halo, describe their metallicities and the likelihood that Newtonian dynamics explain their kinematics. We analyse a large number of members in all clusters, allowing us to address all these issues together, and we have included NGC 288 and M30 to overlap with previous studies. We find that any flattening of the velocity dispersion profiles in the outer regions of our clusters can be explained by tidal heating. We also find that all our GCs have M/LV . 5, therefore, we infer the observed dynamics do not require dark matter, or a modification of gravity. We suggest that the lack of tidal heating signatures in distant clusters indicates the Halo is not triaxial. The isothermal rotations of each cluster are measured, with M4 and NGC 288 exhibiting rotation at a level of 0:9 ± 0:1kms 1 and 0:25 ± 0:15kms 1 , respectively. We also indirectly measure the tidal radius of NGC 6752, determining a more realistic figure for this cluster than current literature values. Lastly, an unresolved and intriguing puzzle is uncovered with regard to the cooling of the outer regions of all ten clusters.
Do Low Luminosity Stars Matter?

Abstract Historically, low luminosity stars have attracted very little attention, in part because they are difficult to see except with large telescopes, however, by neglecting to study them we are leaving out the vast majority of stars in the Universe. Low mass stars evolve very slowly, it takes them trillions of years to burn their hydrogen, after which, they just turn into a He white dwarf, without ever going through the red giant phase. This lack of observable evolution partly explains the lack of interest in them. The search for the “missing mass” in the galactic plane turned things around and during the 60s and 70s the search for large M/L objects placed M-dwarfs and cool WDs among objects of astrophysical interest. New fields of astronomical research, like BDs and exoplanets appeared as spin-offs from efforts to find the “missing mass”. The search for halo white dwarfs, believed to be responsible for the observed microlensing events, is pursued by several groups. The progress in these last few years has been tremendous, here I present highlights some of the great successes in the field and point to some of the still unsolved issues.
PROXIMATE FACTORS INVOLVED IN RATTLESNAKE PREDATORY BEHAVIOR : A REVIEW

Prey capture in rattlesnakes is built around chemichal means of predation (venom), replacing mechanical means (constriction, overpower). This provides a safer way to dispatch prey without the risks of injury from retaliation. Such a predatory strategy is based on an accurate strike, release of prey, and a precise subsequent relocation of struck prey. Radiation receptors (eyes, facial pits) represent input routes to guide the critical strike. Chemosensory inputs (olfactory, vomeronasal) guide the post-strike relocation of envenomated prey. As might occur in nature, rattlesnakes switch almost equivalently between eyes and facial pits in aiming and launching a predatory strike. During post-strike, however, they do not switch between olfactory and vomeronasal inputs to track the envenomated rodent. These limits are reflected in the organization of the central nervous system, where radiation receptors merge in common areas of the optic tectum but chemosensory receptors do not merge extensively. Further, the absence of compensation in this multi-modal system is correlated with an absence of convergence of radiation and chemical information. Consequently, in rattlesnakes there is a correlation between predatory strategy and organization of the central nervous system. In rattlesnakes, chemical predation also includes release of prey followed by precise post-strike recovery. Post-strike recovery is selective, discriminating the struck mouse trail from others, and the strike itself may be necessary to release selective trailing behavior. The strike permits gathering of unique prey odors during contact, but the altered prey odor, produced by fang penetration and venom injection, occurs after release. A rattlesnake’s chemosensory image of the envenomated prey may thus be composed of chemical cues gathered directly upon contact with the prey and/or of induced chemical cues produced following envenomation. The result is to produce a distinctive chemosensory profile of the prey, retained for an extended period and used for selective post-strike trailing.
The effect of particle size distributions on the microstructural evolution during sintering

Microstructural evolution and sintering behavior of powder compacts composed of spherical particles with different particle size distributions (PSDs) were simulated using a kinetic Monte Carlo model of solid-state sintering. Compacts of monosized particles, normal PSDs with fixed mean particle radii and a range of standard deviations, and log-normal PSDs with fixed mode and a range of skewness values were studied. Densification rate and final relative density were found to be inversely proportional to initial PSD width. Grain growth was faster during the early stages of sintering for broad PSDs, but the final grain sizes were smaller. These behaviors are explained by the smallest grains in the broader PSDs being consumed very quickly by larger neighboring grains. The elimination of the small grains reduces both the total number of necks and the neck area between particles, which in turn reduces the regions where vacancies can be annihilated, leading to slower densification rates. The loss of neck area causes grain growth by surface diffusion to become the dominant microstructural evolution mechanism, leading to poor densification. Finally, pore size was shown to increase with the width of PSDs, which also contributes to the lower densification rates.
Action potential amplitude and baroreflex resetting of action potential clusters mediate hypoxia‐induced sympathetic long‐term facilitation

Baroreflex resetting permits sympathetic long‐term facilitation (sLTF) following hypoxia; however, baroreflex control of action potential (AP) clusters and AP recruitment patterns facilitating sLTF is unknown. We hypothesized that baroreflex resetting of arterial pressure operating points (OPs) of AP clusters and recruitment of large‐amplitude APs would mediate sLTF following hypoxia. Eight men (age: 24 (3) years; body mass index: 24 (3) kg/m2) underwent 20 min isocapnic hypoxia ( PETO2${P_{{\rm{ET}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}}}$ : 47 (2) mmHg) and 30 min recovery. Multi‐unit microneurography (muscle sympathetic nerve activity; MSNA) and a continuous wavelet transform with matched mother wavelet was used to detect sympathetic APs during baseline, hypoxia, early (first 5 min), and late recovery (last 5 min). AP amplitude (normalized to largest baseline AP amplitude), percentage APs occurring outside a MSNA burst (percentage asynchronous APs), and proportion of APs firing in small (1–3), medium (4–6) and large (7–10) normalized cluster sizes was calculated. Normalized clusters were used to assess baroreflex OPs and sensitivity. Hypoxia increased total MSNA activity, which remained elevated during recovery (P < 0.0001). Baroreflex OPs were shifted rightward for all clusters in recovery, with no effect on slope. Compared to baseline, AP amplitude was elevated by 3 (2)% and 4 (2)% while asynchronous APs were reduced by 9 (5)% and 7 (6)% in early and late recovery, respectively. In early recovery, the proportion of APs firing in large clusters was increased compared to baseline. Hypoxia‐induced sLTF is mediated by baroreflex resetting of AP clusters to higher OPs, reduced asynchronous AP firing, and increased contribution from large‐amplitude APs.
Accurate prediction of defect properties in density functional supercell calculations

The theoretical description of defects and impurities in semiconductors is largely based on density functional theory (DFT) employing supercell models. The literature discussion of uncertainties that limit the predictivity of this approach has focused mostly on two issues: (1) finite-size effects, in particular for charged defects; (2) the band-gap problem in local or semi-local DFT approximations. We here describe how finite-size effects (1) in the formation energy of charged defects can be accurately corrected in a simple way, i.e. by potential alignment in conjunction with a scaling of the Madelung-like screened first order correction term. The factor involved with this scaling depends only on the dielectric constant and the shape of the supercell, and quite accurately accounts for the full third order correction according to Makov and Payne. We further discuss in some detail the background and justification for this correction method, and also address the effect of the ionic screening on the magnitude of the image charge energy. In regard to (2) the band-gap problem, we discuss the merits of non-local external potentials that are added to the DFT Hamiltonian and allow for an empirical band-gap correction without significantly increasing the computational demand over that of standard DFT calculations. In combination with LDA + U, these potentials are further instrumental for the prediction of polaronic defects with localized holes in anion-p orbitals, such as the metal-site acceptors in wide-gap oxide semiconductors.
Evaluation of Optical Coherence Tomography Findings and Choroidal Thickness in Beta-Thalassemia Major Patients Using Chelation Therapy

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the posterior segment of the eye in children with thalassemia major (TM) treated with chelation therapy. Methods: Forty-four patients diagnosed with TM and 44 age- and gender-matched participants without systemic diseases were included in this cross-sectional comparative study. A complete ophthalmologic examination, including visual acuity and fundus examination, was performed on all participants. The study and control groups’ optic coherence tomography (OCT) evaluation was performed with a spectral domain featured OCT device. Central macular thickness (CMT), macular volume, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT), CT at 1 mm temporal to the fovea, CT at 1 mm nasal to the fovea, CT at the 1 mm temporal to the optic nerve head, and CT at the 1 mm nasal to the optic nerve head were compared between the study and control groups. Results: The mean ages for the study group and for the control group were 15.2±6.2 and 14.2±4.9 years, respectively. The mean subfoveal CT was 287.73±47.04 µm in the TM group and 312.66±39.95 µm in the control group (p=0.014). CT at the nasal to the fovea and temporal to the optic nerve head was thinner in the TM group than in the healthy group. The mean CMT, macular volume, GCC thickness, and RNFL thickness of the study and the control groups were similar. No significant difference was found between the patients with and without deferoxamine therapy concerning macular thickness, GCC thickness, and macular and peripapillary CT. Conclusion: Our results suggested that subfoveal, perifoveal, and peripapillary CTs were significantly thinner in children with TM than the control group. The use of deferoxamine did not cause a further reduction in CT.
Centronuclear Myopathy Caused by Defective Membrane Remodelling of Dynamin 2 and BIN1 Variants

Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a congenital myopathy characterised by centralised nuclei in skeletal myofibers. T-tubules, sarcolemmal invaginations required for excitation-contraction coupling, are disorganised in the skeletal muscles of CNM patients. Previous studies showed that various endocytic proteins are involved in T-tubule biogenesis and their dysfunction is tightly associated with CNM pathogenesis. DNM2 and BIN1 are two causative genes for CNM that encode essential membrane remodelling proteins in endocytosis, dynamin 2 and BIN1, respectively. In this review, we overview the functions of dynamin 2 and BIN1 in T-tubule biogenesis and discuss how their dysfunction in membrane remodelling leads to CNM pathogenesis.
Molecular Evaluation of Garcinia kola Heckel Accessions Using RAPD Markers

The genetic relationships among twenty-five accessions of Garcinia kola using six Random Amplified Polymorphic (RAPD) primers were evaluated in this study. The highest volume of total genomic DNA (2218/μl) was recorded in ON4 from Ikare, while the highest DNA concentration of 1.93 gl was found in OS3 from Ilesa. The highest Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and gene diversity of 93.77% and 0.94 respectively were revealed by primer OPO2 compared to other primers. The dendogram generated from Unweighted Pair Group with Mean Average (UPGMA) clustering delineated two groups, A and B, consisting of 21 and 4 accessions respectively. This study clearly showed the level of molecular diversity in the accessions and the information provided could be utilized for genetic improvement and conservation of Garcinia kola.
A model for switching and continued use of mobile computing applications amongst South African academics

Background: A systematic review of the literature uncovered little explanation as to why academics as individuals switch mobile applications or continue to use the same mobile applications. Knowing and being able to explain the personal behaviour are important and could be of value to practitioners and researchers, especially when it comes to predicting the future behaviour.Objectives: The main objective of this study was to explain and to model switching and continued use of mobile computing applications by South African academics.Method: A survey was carried out within South African academics as participants to test 14 hypotheses and explain switching and continued use of mobile computing applications. The adopted positivist study was associated with the quantitative research approach to test hypotheses so that the truth about objectives are obtainable.Results: The results of the study contributed to the body of knowledge by explaining and modelling the determinants influencing and significant to mobile computing application switching and continued use behaviour.Conclusion: The developed model may help to inform practitioners and researchers on what actually satisfies users to switch or continue to use mobile computing applications.