Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abundance of Belugas, Delphinapterus leucas, in Cook Inlet, Alaska, 1994–2000

Annual abundance estimates of belugas, Delphinapterus leucas, in Cook Inlet were calculated from counts made by aerial observers and aerial video recordings. Whale group-size estimates were corrected for subsurface whales (availability bias) and whales that were at the surface but were missed (detection bias). Logistic regression was used to estimate the probability that entire groups were missed during the sys­ tematic surveys, and the results were used to calculate a correction to account for the whales in these missed groups (1.015, CV = 0.03 in 1994–98; 1.021, CV = 0.01 in 1999– 2000). Calculated abundances were 653 (CV = 0.43) in 1994, 491 (CV = 0.44) in 1995, 594 (CV = 0.28) in 1996, 440 (CV = 0.14) in 1997, 347 (CV = 0.29) in 1998, 367 (CV = 0.14) in 1999, and 435 (CV = 0.23, 95% CI=279–679) in 2000. For man­ agement purposes the current Nbest = 435 and Nmin = 360. These estimates replace pre­ liminary estimates of 749 for 1994 and 357 for 1999. Monte Carlo simulations indicate a 47% probability that from June 1994 to June 1998 abundance of the Cook Inlet stock of belugas was depleted by 50%. The decline appears to have stopped in 1998 . other cases, estimates of total abundance were made by multiplying the counts by ad hoc correction factors to account for whales that were presumed to have been missed. None of these earlier surveys were designed specifically to estimate total abundance of belugas in Cook Inlet, but they have provided useful informa­ tion on distribution, behavior, ecology, and minimum abundance. Drawing on the observations and insights from those studies, we designed a survey to estimate absolute abundance of Cook Inlet belugas. Accurate abun­ dance estimates depend on: 1) Repeated systematic surveys for be­ luga groups throughout their known range, and counts of each group seen (Rugh et al., 2000). 2) Corrections for whales that were missed during the counts (Hobbs et al., 2000), in particular for: A) whales that never surfaced during the count (availability bias); and B) whales that surfaced but were missed during the count (detection bias). 3) Corrections for whales not counted because the entire group was not detect­ ed by observers during one or more surveys (calculated in this report).
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF BAD LOANS ON BANKS’ LENDING POTENTIAL AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF SMES LENDING IN GHANA

This paper assesses the effect of bad loans on the lending potential and financial performance of banks. Secondary data that span a period of 5 years (2008-2013) is used. This data is sourced from the annual reports of four banks listed on Ghana Stock Exchange. Pearson’s correlation test and ordinary leas squares regression are used to analyse data. A high negative correlation between bad loans and lending potential (i.e. amount allocated each year by banks for lending to SMEs) is found at 5% level of significance, r (20) = -. 824, p = . 000. Also, bad loans make a high negative correlation with return on investment or net profit at 5% significance level, (20) = -. 917, p < . 05. Bad loans significantly predict lending potential at 5% significance level (t = -6.174, p < .000), where bad loans account for 67.9% of the variation in in this respect. Moreover, bad loans significantly predict net profit at 5% significance level (t = -9.77, p < .000), with 84.1% of the variation in net profit accounted for by it. It is therefore evident that banks would have to hedge against the realisation of bad loans to maximise their financial performance, and to improve access to credit facilities to creditworthy SMEs and other borrowers.
Prednisolone Treatment Is Effective for an Idiopathic Penile Abscess: A Case Report and Review

Patient: Male, 64-year-old Final Diagnosis: Penile abscess Symptoms: Penile induration Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Immunology • Urology Objective: Rare disease Background: Penile abscesses were traditionally regarded as an infectious disease; however, idiopathic cases in which prednisolone was effective have been reported. Case Report: A 64-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of penile induration and dysuria. He was diagnosed with a penile abscess, which was punctured and then relapsed. An incision and drainage were performed on the abscess, and the pus and tissue samples were cultured and examined histologically. There was no evidence of malignancy or bacterial infection, and he was diagnosed with an idiopathic penile abscess. As pus continuously drained from the incision, prednisolone 40 mg was initiated, which resulted in a decreased amount of pus and eventual wound closure. Over 15 months, prednisolone was gradually tapered to 5 mg, and the abscess continued to decrease in size. Conclusions: Idiopathic penile abscesses are rare but often lead to penectomy. Prednisolone is a new treatment method for such patients. This is the third case of an idiopathic penile abscess that was successfully treated with prednisolone. The causative agent of the idiopathic penile abscess was suggested to be pyoderma gangrenosum; however, this case did not exhibit the typical characteristics of pyoderma gangrenosum. Therefore, further investigation was needed. A differential diagnosis of an infectious abscess is required before initiating steroid treatment. Open drainage is useful, but the size of the incision should be minimized for the purpose of preserving penile function. The prednisolone dose should be started at 20 to 40 mg and reduced gradually to avoid relapse.
The use of connectors in argumentative writing by EFL undergraduate students from the University of Burundi: A quantitative analysis

Although there is a large body of literature on the use of connectors by EFL learners in argumentative writing, African language learner groups are not represented and most studies have adopted a cross-sectional approach. This paper seeks to analyze how frequently connectors are used on the basis of pseudo-longitudinal data from first, second, and third-year undergraduate students from the Institute for Applied Pedagogy, University of Burundi. The study adopted the corpus linguistic and quantitative approaches. The data were collected through 2 writing assignments given to students in 2019. In total, 622 essays, amounting to 306,664-word tokens, were collected. Data preparation followed three steps, namely, typing the handwritten essays, preparing the TXT files, and metadata for the corpus. The latter was searched using AntConc tool, on the basis of a comprehensive list of 95 connectors, classified into 6 categories. The tool availed frequency information, that is, how often each connector occurs in the corpus. Percentages were computed using XLS facility and are presented in tables and graphs. Results indicate that 19 connectors were frequently used by learners, the most frequent ones being those which add information followed by those expressing a result relationship. However, connectors expressing transition and summation were found to be rarely used in the corpus. Another discovery is that learners in all three years of study seem to have the same preferences in terms of connectors. Furthermore, cases of misuse such as wrong combinations and incorrect spelling, semantic, stylistic and syntactic errors were observed at all levels. The findings of this study can be useful to learners, teachers, and material designers.
Hip Arthoplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture in Patient with End Stage Renal Disease

The risk of femoral neck fracture increased in the ESRD patients who underwent hemodialysis (1); it is a common cause of mortality and reduce function In ESRD patients and general population (2, 3). The relative risk of hip fracture for patients with ESRD on dialysis has been estimated as 4.4 times the general population (4). In patients on hemodialysis, the incidence of femoral neck fracture is rated to be 7 per 1,000 patient per year in males and 17 per 1,000 in females (1, 5, 6). Previous studies have reported that hip fractures in this group of patients may occur after minimal trauma (5, 7) and may occur bilaterally (8). One study looked at mortality in ESRD patients with hip fracture and concluded that operative treatment had lower mortality than non-operative treatment (9). Osteosynthesis is an acceptable option for nondisplaced femoral neck fractures. Internal fixation of femoral neck fractures in ESRD patients is associated with a high risk of failure, nonunion and avascular necrosis (AVN) (7, 9-12). There have been several studies reporting the poor outcome of hemiarthroplasty or cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients with chronic renal failure (12, 13). The aim of this study was to describe our experience with hip Arthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fracture in the patients population these particular patients. Introduction Abstract Introduction: The risk of femoral neck fracture increases in the End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients who underge hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to describe our experience with the treatment of femoral neck fracture in this particular group of patients. Method: In a retrospective study, between January 2010 to December 2015, there were 16 displaced femoral neck fracture in 12 haemodialytic ESRD patient. All patients underwent total hip arthroplasty via direct anterior approach (three cementless and 9 cemented). No closed suction drain was used. Follow up regime was at 3,6 and 12 month and annually thereafter. Result: All patients were satisfied with the results of total hip arthroplasty. At the time of the final follow-up of 22 months (2-47) months, all the hips in the 12 haemodialytic patients functioned well without any loosening, and with a Harris hip score (HHS) of 90(82–100). Of those patients who received cementless components: one patient showed loosening of femoral component on the right and then left hip one year after surgery. He underwent revision of femoral component to a cemented one. The other complications include one greater trochanteric fracture, one intraoperative distal femoral fracture, one postoperative hematoma formation and one superficial surgical site infection. Conclusion: In this small series, relatively high complication rate is observable in cases of ESRD with femoral neck fracture treated by hip Arthroplasty. The use of cemented femoral sterns is preferred and extra caution is advised to avoid fracture in such osteoporotic bones.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MILK TEMPERATURE AND MICROHARDNESS OF ENAMEL CARIES

Cow’s milk has been found to enhance remineralization of initial caries but it is unclear if the temperature of the milk plays a role in the efficacy of this remineralization. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of cow’s milk and buffalo milk temperature on the microhardness of enamel caries. For this study we used 80 bovine teeth and cut each tooth to 8 x 10 mm2 and placed it in a resin acrylic block. Each tooth was then treated with a demineralizing agent until the enamel had a microhardness of 35-65 VHN. The teeth were then randomly divided into 8 groups (10 teeth per group). Group 1 was a negative control (no treatment) group; Group 2 was a positive control group [treated with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)]; Group 3 was treated with cow’s milk at 4oC; Group 4 was treated with cow’s milk at 25oC; Group 5 was treated with cow’s milk at 40oC; Group 6 was treated with buffalo milk at 4oC; Group 7 was treated with buffalo milk at 25oC; Group 8 was treated with buffalo milk at 40oC. Both the cow’s milk and buffalo milk were fortified with calcium. Group 2 was treated for 5 minutes and Groups 3-8 were treated for 2 hours each group, then rinsed with deionized water. The data were analyzed statistically using a paired t-test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test with a 95% confidence interval. After treatment, the mean microhardness values of all the groups were significantly higher (p=0.00) except for the negative control group. The groups treated with cow’s milk and buffalo milk at 40°C had significantly higher percentage increases in microhardness than the CPP-ACP treatment group (p<0.05). The mean percentage increases in microhardness values for the cow’s milk and buffalo milk at 40°C were higher than the mean percentage increases in microhardness values for the cow’s milk and buffalo milk at 4°C (p<0.05). The buffalo milk had a significantly greater increase in the mean microhardness value than cow’s milk at 4°C (p=0.00). In conclusion, cow’s milk and buffalo milk at higher temperatures had better remineralizing capability than at low temperatures and better than CPP-ACP.
Wet technologies as effective primary solutions in reducing emissions for marine diesel engines

Marine diesel engines are one of the main sources of air pollution. Exhaust gases of diesel engines have many different harmful components, especially nitrogen oxides with the general formula NOx. Currently, there are many methods and research directions to limit NOx emissions in diesel engine exhaust, each method has its own strengths and limitations. In order to obtain the efficient energy development with less polluted environment with existing marine diesel engines, continuous efforts have gone into research and development of wet technologies, which have the potential to reduce nitric oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions simultaneously with improved performance level. The main objective of this review is to shed light on the role of typical water addition technologies such as water-in-fuel emulsion, intake air humidification – humid air motor and direct water injection in reducing NOx and PM emissions in marine engines. We have made a comparison of the effectiveness of different methods used to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides. Advantages and disadvantages of supplying water into the combustion chambers of diesel engines have been shown together with the comparison of the range of changes in their construction.
Liquidity Spillover in the Foreign Exchange Market

We use intraday high-frequency data to measure liquidity in the foreign exchange (FX) market, and measure the magnitude and direction of liquidity spillover across different exchange rates. Using the connectedness index proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012, 2014) based on the generalized variance decomposition, we provide evidence that FX liquidity spillover is related to U.S. macroeconomic announcements and financial crises. Empirical results show that the amount of FX liquidity spillover increases when global financial uncertainty is larger. We document that the transmission of liquidity across FX markets is time-varying and is related to inventory risk, information asymmetry, the uncertainty of U.S. dollar index returns, global FX market volatility, and news surprises regarding U.S. interest rates.
Awareness and Willingness on Halal Certification of Non-Halal Restaurant Owners in Manila

The purpose of this study is to measure the awareness among non-Halal restaurant owners on the twelve standards of Halal certification and their willingness to be certified as Halal restaurants. We collected data from fifty non-Halal restaurant owners in Binondo, Ermita, and Malate, located within the area of Manila City. Results showed the restaurant owners are generally ‘Aware’ of all 12 standards of Halal certification, and the majority are ‘Willing’ to be Halal certified. Pearson’s r-analysis also showed there is a weak positive relationship between their awareness of Halal standards and their willingness to be Halal certified. We propose some of the research implications based on the study findings.
The Influence of Principal Leadership on Literate Practices and Instruction in a Middle School

This case study uses Nicholls’s (1987) meta, macro, and micro levels of leadership merged with Dowell, Bickmore, and Hoewing (2012) and other literacy leadership research (Conley, 1989; Hall, Burns, & Edwards, 2011; Irvin, Meltzer, & Duke, 2007; Marks & Printy, 2003) to analyze the influence of a principal’s leadership on literacy instruction. The findings are similar to the integrated leadership approach emphasized in Marks and Printy (2003) but add additional evidence of cultural and human resource leadership. Strategies and structures that built culture around literate practices were evident. Teacher empowerment and building trust in school culture were important components.
Teacher Input and Interaction: Native and Non-native Speaker Teachers in ESL Classrooms

URANO Ken 浦野 研 Though there are diverse and often incompatible models, theories, and hypotheses of second language acquisition, everyone agrees that language cannot be learned without linguistic data, or input. In an English as a foreign language (EFL) situation, such linguistic input is mainly given by the teacher since learners have only limited access to the target language outside the classroom. Therefore, the role of teachers as input providers is relatively important compared to that in an English as a second language (ESL) situation. Nowadays, Japan accepts a number of native speakers (NSs) as assistant language teachers in high school education. The word assistant implies that Japanese teachers of English (JTEs) need assistance by native speaker (NS) teachers. In other words, it is considered that JTEs lack something that NS teachers possess. To my knowledge, however, there has been little research available which empirically explores the difference between NS teachers and non-native speaker (NNS) teachers (for a review of literature along this line, see Sakai, 1998). The purpose of this study is to investigate the similarities and differences between NS teachers and NNS teachers in terms of the linguistic complexity of their input and the patterns of teacher-learner interaction. This was accomplished by analyzing the observational data of interaction in two similar classrooms, one by an NS teacher and the other by an NNS teacher.
Teacher Education Students’ Career Adaptability and Vocational Personality Types1

The purpose of this research is to examine whether there are any differences in career adaptability of students according to gender, majors, perceived mother’s attitudes, perceived father’s attitudes and vocational personality types. The participants consisted of 822 students (596 female, 226 male) from a public university in the 2018-2019 academic year who volunteered to participate in the research. The research was designed according to the causal-comparative model. The data of the research was collected using the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale–Short Form and the Hacettepe Career Profile and Personal Information Form. The collected data were analyzed based on the t-test and one-way ANOVA using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). This research showed that students’ career adaptability levels did not present any statistically significant difference according to gender. However, students’ career adaptability levels showed statistically significant differences according to majors, perceived parental attitudes, and vocational personality types. The findings were discussed in light of the related literature. Suggestions were provided for researchers, practitioners and policy makers.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS, AUDIT FEE AND AUDITOR'S EXPERIENCE TOWARDS AUDIT QUALITY IN KAP EAST & SOUTH JAKARTA

This study aims to determine the influence of Professional Ethics, Audit Fees and Auditor Experience on Audit Quality at KAP East & South Jakarta. The research strategy used is associative / causality. The research method used was a survey. The population in this study are 140 auditors at KAP East & South Jakarta, while the sample in this study were 128 auditors who were determined by purposive sampling technique. The data analysis used was descriptive data, validity and reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, determination coefficient analysis and hypothesis testing using SPSS 25.0 program. The results showed 1) Professional ethics has a positive and significant influence on audit quality at KAP East & South Jakarta, which means that the better professional ethics, the better the audit quality, 2) Audit fees have a positive and significant influence on audit quality at KAP Jakarta Timur & South, which means the better the audit fee, the better the audit quality. 3) Auditor experience has a positive and significant influence on audit quality at KAP East & South Jakarta, which means that the better the auditor's experience, the better the audit quality.
Utilization of ‘Alugbati’ (Basella alba L.) Leaves Powder to Increase Vitamin A Content of Fresh Egg Noodles

In the Philippines, indigenous vegetables like ‘alugbati’ (Basella alba L.) can be utilized to address micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin A deficiency (VAD). This study aimed to develop fresh egg noodles with higher vitamin A content through the utilization of ‘alugbati’ leaves powder. Powder from ‘alugbati’ leaves was produced through dehydration of fully expanded leaves. The resultant powder was used to create three formulations of fresh egg noodles at 10%, 15%, and 20% substitution levels, with 100% wheat flour serving as the control. All formulations and the control were subjected to a water disintegration test and preference ranking test. The most preferred formulation was further evaluated for proximate composition, total carotenoid content (TCC), color, physical characteristics, and consumer acceptability. Data from triplicate experiments were statistically analyzed (p ≤ 0.05). Results showed that all samples were resistant to water disintegration (20 min in boiling water) and egg noodle with 15% substitution level was the most preferred. This sample had significantly higher ash (2.27 ± 0.28), fiber (1.77 ± 0.38), and protein (11.50 ± 0.11) contents than the control. A significantly higher TCC (1550 µg/g) compared to the control (610 µg/g) also signified that substituting with ‘alugbati’ leaves powder increased the vitamin A content of the noodles. From this, consuming 5–10 g of ‘alugbati’ egg noodles will be able to provide the vitamin A requirement of 400–800 µg retinol equivalent (RE). The egg noodles with a 15% substitution level also had a significantly darker green color and significantly lower elasticity. Moreover, this formulation was generally acceptable with mean Hedonic scores ranging from 7.20 (Like Moderately) to 7.80 (Like Very Much). This study demonstrated that fresh egg noodles with ‘alugbati’ leaves powder can be a good source of vitamin A. Clinical studies should be conducted to determine the role of the product in alleviating VAD especially in children and pregnant women.