Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corporate Zombies: Anatomy and Life Cycle

Using firm-level data on listed non-financial companies in 14 advanced economies, we document a rise in the share of zombie firms, defined as unprofitable firms with low stock market valuation, from 4% in the late 1980s to 15% in 2017. These zombie firms are smaller, less productive, more leveraged, invest less in physical and intangible capital and shrink their assets, debt and employment. Their performance deteriorates several years before zombification and remains significantly poorer than that of non-zombie firms in subsequent years. Over time, some 25% of zombie companies exited the market, while 60% exited from zombie status. However, recovered zombies underperform compared to firms that have never been zombies and they face a high probability of relapsing into zombie status.
Trade, Internal Migration, and Human Capital: Who Gains from India's IT Boom?

How do trade shocks affect welfare and inequality when human capital is endogenous? Using an external IT demand shock and detailed internal migration data from India, I first document that both IT employment and engineering enrollment responded to the rise in IT exports, with IT employment responding more when nearby regions have higher college age population. I then develop a quantitative spatial equilibrium model featuring two new channels: higher education choice and differential costs of migrating for college and work. Using the framework, I quantify the aggregate and distributional effects of the IT boom, and perform counterfactuals. Without endogenous education, estimated aggregate welfare gain from the export shock would have been half and regional inequality about a third higher. Reducing barriers to mobility for education, such as reducing in-state quotas for students at higher education institutes, would substantially reduce inequality in the gains from the IT boom across districts. JEL Classification: F16, F63, I24, J24, R12
Data-Driven Sample Average Approximation with Covariate Information

We study optimization for data-driven decision-making when we have observations of the uncertain parameters within the optimization model together with concurrent observations of covariates. Given a new covariate observation, the goal is to choose a decision that minimizes the expected cost conditioned on this observation. We investigate three data-driven frameworks that integrate a machine learning prediction model within a stochastic programming sample average approximation (SAA) for approximating the solution to this problem. Two of the SAA frameworks are new and use out-of-sample residuals of leave-one-out prediction models for scenario generation. The frameworks we investigate are flexible and accommodate parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric regression techniques. We derive conditions on the data generation process, the prediction model, and the stochastic program under which solutions of these data-driven SAAs are consistent and asymptotically optimal, and also derive convergence rates and finite sample guarantees. Computational experiments validate our theoretical results, demonstrate the potential advantages of our data-driven formulations over existing approaches (even when the prediction model is misspecified), and illustrate the benefits of our new data-driven formulations in the limited data regime.
Isolation, Purification and Structure Analysis of Antitumor Protein from Tartary Buckwheat

Water soluble protein of tartary buckwheat (TBWSP) was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation with DEAE- Sepharose FF chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The antitumor effects of the fractions against human mammary cancer cell Bcap37 were studied with MTT assay. The fraction of TBWSP31 showed that higher antitumor activity, and time- and concentration- dependent antitumor effects were observed. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of TBWSP31 is 57000. CD analysis showed that TBWSP31 has α-helix(33.9%), β-sheet(22.8%), β-turn(11.3%), and random coil (32.0%).
Low frequency seismic source investigation in volcanic environment: the Mt. Vesuvius atypical case

Abstract. We present a detailed analysis of the low frequency seismicity occurred at Mt. Vesuvius in the time range 2003–2018. This kind of seismicity is atypical for the volcano and poorly studied, therefore we characterized it in terms of spectral analysis, waveform cross-correlation, location and polarization properties. The different decay patterns of the spectra, the existence of both earthquake families as well as single events, the relatively wide seismogenic volume inferred from the locations and polarization features, indicate that the events are caused by distinct source mechanisms: slow brittle failure in dry rocks and resonance of fluid-filled cracks. On these basis, we classified the earthquakes as Low Frequency (LF) and Long Period (LP). Despite the differences between the two classes, both the event types are ascribable to the dynamics of the deep hydrothermal reservoir which induces variations of the fluid pore pressure in the medium. The fluid amount involved in the generation process, as well as the physical-chemical properties of the surrounding rocks are the essential factors that control the occurrence of a mechanism rather than the other.
Cluster analysis on 14 Sea-Island Cotton by SSRs

The genetic relationships among 14 Sea-Island Cotton varieties were analyzed by SSRs to provide credible genetic information in breeding Sea-Island Cotton 280 distinctive loci in total were amplified f rom 41 pairs of SSR primers,and 214 were polymorphic,which accounted for 76.4 %. 1 to 15 polymorphic loci could be amplified from each primer,with an average of 6.83. The 14 Sea-Island Cotton varieties could be classified into 4 groups at the level of SM=0.64 by cluster analysis.SSR markers proved to be the work of Sea-Island cotton breeding practice of matching parents,to provide a reliable basis for the molecular level.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL MICROBIAL PHYTASE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study was conducted at fish research farm, poultry production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt. This experiment was designed to study the effect of addition microbial phytase on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Healthy, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with an average initial body weight of 13±1g were adapted for two weeks in cylindrical tanks (1.5m X 2m depth). All experimental fish were fed on basal diet three times daily (9:00 AM; 12 PM and 3 PM) at a rate of 3% live body weight. At the end of adaptation period, a total number of 600 healthy fish were individually chosen, weighed and measured for the total length, randomly distributed into six experimental groups (100 fish each). The first group was fed on the basal diet and considered as a control (C). The 2 (T2), 3 (T3), 4 (T4), 5 (T5) and 6 (T6) groups were fed on the basal diet supplemented with 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500 unites of commercial phytase, respectively. During the experimental period (12 weeks), fish weight and length were measured individually every two weeks. The quantity of food was re-adjusted biweekly according to change in live body weight. Results showed that the fourth group (1000 units) had the highest body weight and body weight gain as compared to the control and other groups. Meantime, the same group was higher than the control in the specific growth rate, body length increment and condition factor (CF). Insignificant increase (P>0.05) in the body length was observed in first, second, third and fourth groups as compared to the control. Generally, there was an improve in fish growth performance in all studied parameters as a result of adding microbial phytase to the diet and this improvement was clear in the fourth group (1000 units) compared to the others.
A Separation Heuristic for 2-Partition Inequalities for the Clique Partitioning Problem

We consider the class of 2-partition inequalities for the clique partitioning problem associated with complete graphs. We propose a heuristic separation algorithm for the inequalities and evaluate its usefulness in a cutting-plane algorithm. Our computational experiments fall into two parts. In the ﬁrst part, we compare the LP objective values obtained by the proposed separator with those obtained by known separators for 2-partition inequalities and those obtained by exact polynomial-time separators for other classes of inequalities. These results demonstrate the importance of the 2-partition inequalities and the new separator. In the second part of the computational experiments, we apply the separator to diﬀerent kinds of test instances from the literature. These results show that considerable improvements can be obtained in terms of narrowing the gaps between LP objective values and optimal partition values.
Provisioning nest material for Rooks; a potential tool for conservation management

Abstract Active conservation measures often entail supplementing scarce resources, such as food or nesting site to high conservation value species. We hypothesized that adequate nest material in reasonable distance is a scarce resource for Rooks breeding in open grassland habitats of Hungary. Here we show that Rooks willingly utilize large quantities of provided excess nesting material, and that this procedure may alter nest composition, and increase the number of successful pairs. Our results show that while nest height remains constant, twig diameter is significantly larger, the number of twigs used per nest is presumably smaller, and that the ratio of nests with fledglings is higher in a rookery where supplementary twigs were present. Providing twigs and branches in the vicinity of rookeries may serve as an active conservation measure to increase the number of nests in a rookery, and thus the potential number of nesting possibilities for Red-footed Falcons.
Cifelli central Iran A record of the Jurassic massive plate shift from the Garedu Formation of

Modern generations of apparent polar wander paths (APWPs) show the occurrence in North American and African coordinates of a major and rapid shift in pole position (plate shift) during the Middle to Late Jurassic (175–145 Ma) that alternative curves from the literature tend to underestimate. This Jurassic massive polar shift (JMPS), of vast and as-yet unexplored paleogeographic implications, is also predicted for Eurasia from the North Atlantic plate circuit, but Jurassic data from this continent are scanty and problematic. Here we present paleomagnetic data from the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian (upper Jurassic) Garedu Formation of Iran, which was part of Eurasia since the Triassic. Paleomagnetic component directions of primary (pre-folding) age indicate a paleolatitude of deposition that is in excellent agreement with the latitude drop predicted for Iran from APWPs incorporating the JMPS. Moreover, we show that paleolatitudes calculated from these APWPs, used in conjunction with simple zonal climate belts, better explain the overall stratigraphic evolution of Iran during the Mesozoic. As Iran drifted from the tropical arid belt to the mid-latitude humid belt in the Late Triassic, carbonate platform productivity stopped while widespread coal-bearing sedimentation started, whereas as Iran returned to arid tropical latitudes during the JMPS, carbonate platform productivity and evaporitic sedimentation resumed. These results illustrate (1) the potent, but often neglected, control that plate motion (continental drift and/or true polar wander) across zonal climate belts exerts on the genesis of sedimentary facies; and (2) the importance of precisely controlled paleogeographic reconstructions for tectonic interpretations, especially during times of fast plate motion like the Jurassic. As a suggestion for future research, we predict that the adoption of Eurasian reference paleopoles incorporating the JMPS may lead to a reconciliation (or reinterpretation) of existing geologic and paleomagnetic data regarding the deformation history of central Asia. GEOLOGY, June 2014; v. 42; no. 6; p. 555–558; Data Repository item 2014193 | doi:10.1130/G35467.1 | Published online 15 April 2014 © 2014 eological Society of America. For permission to copy, contact Copyright Permissions, GSA, or editing@geosociety.org. Pl at e V el oc ity ( cm /y r)
A real-time PCR method for monitoring YMDD motif mutations associated with lamivudine resistance in patients with HBV infection

Objective We established a real-time PCR method to detect the lamivudine resistant mutants in serum sample from patients with HBV infection.Methods Using the principle of primer selection,We established a real-time PCR method with TaqMan probe real-time PCR able to detect HBV YMDD mutants in 187 serum sample from chronic HBV patients treated with lamivudine.The YMDD mutant in HBV was calculated by the difference between the cycle threshold(Ct)number of mutant and control reactions.To confirm the accuracy of this method,sequence analysis was conducted in 69 sample among 157 patients,which were DNA positive by PCR.Results 88 of 157 HBV DNA positive patients had YMDD mutants.Among them,39 were YIDD,38 were YVDD and 11 were mixed mutants(YIDD and YVDD). The results of real-time PCR and sequencing were concordant in 68 of 69 samples,while only 1 of 69 samples were discordant.Conclusion The real-time PCR method with TaqMan probe and selective primers is a rapid sensitive method for detection of lamivudine-resistant mutants.
The role of water and fire in driving tree dynamics in Australian savannas

Ecologists rely on models to explore tree compositional changes especially when occurring over decades or centuries. In this article, we construct a theoretical, mathematical model to investigate the long‐term relationships between savanna stand structure, water resource availability and fire disturbance. We show how dry season length, rather than mean annual precipitation, leads to savanna stability, and how the soil properties and variation in annual rainfall distribution determines a climatic equilibrium for woody total basal area, with fire disturbance acting as a perturbation away from this state. This leads to our premise that rainfall and tree population dynamics drives the savanna state leading to grasses and fire, rather than grasses promoting fire to drive the savannas. The model predicts that savanna tree stands undergo cyclic variation in tree populations as a result of long‐term population cycles and germination events. This outcome is true regardless of the presence of fire, however, fire does introduce a more heterogeneous stand size structure. Synthesis. Using a mathematically transparent model for water resource availability and stand structure in savannas, we demonstrate how seasonal rainfall distribution, specifically seasonal drought, acts as the primary determinant for stand structure through stand water dynamics, with frequent fire disturbance able to reduce the populations from the climatically induced state.
Multidimensional Poverty in Russian Regions

Recent research has demonstrated the narrowness of the one-dimensional approach to the measurement of poverty through income or consumption. The development of capabilities theory has led to the emergence of multidimensional poverty concept. The main advantage of the multidimensional poverty approach is accounting for the deprivation in access to basic needs. Also, multidimensional poverty is closer to chronic poverty than the income poverty that primarily consists of transitory poverty. In Russia, the official data on poverty are heavily criticized with regard to choosing the poverty line and ignoring the economy on scale. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) for Russian regions and find the determinants of multidimensional poverty. To the best of our knowledge, it is a first attempt to calculate MPI for all regions of the Russian Federation. Multidimensional poverty index was developed by Alkire and Santos (2010). We modify a method of MPI calculation taking into account the most prevalent deprivations in Russia. The calculations are based on the microdata from the Comprehensive Monitoring of Living Conditions of the Population carried out by the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat) in 2014 that covered 136,232 individuals from all regions of Russia. The results show that the overall poverty rate and interregional inequality in Russia are much higher compared to Rosstat data. Using econometric methods we reveal the main demographic and social determinants of differences in multidimensional poverty indicators. JEL Codes: I32, R13
Three-Dimensional Property Modelling of Scollard and Paskapoo Formations and Their Equivalent Bedrock Units in Southwest Alberta

A three-dimensional (3D) property model of sandiness/shaliness and porosity was developed for the uppermost Cretaceous–Paleogene bedrock deposits in southwest Alberta. The bedrock units are the Scollard Formation and its equivalent Willow Creek Formation, and the younger Paskapoo Formation and its equivalent Porcupine Hills Formation. These units represent a shale/mudstone-siltstone-sandstone sequence of high energy alluvial and fluvial floodplain sedimentation. The percentage of shale is inversely related to the sandstone abundance in the sequence and was calculated from a combination of GR logs from 29 429 oil/gas wells and lithological descriptions from 86 184 water wells. The porosity was calculated from bulk density logs from 13 611 oil/gas wells. The 3D property model covers an area over 65 000 km and represents an eastward-thinning wedge, with a present-day maximum thickness of over 1000 m close to the Foothills of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, that pinches out towards the plains (Figure 1).
POSSIBLE REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS FOR ENABLING MULTIPLE USE OF STORAGE DEVICES BY REGULATED AND PRIVATE MARKET PARTICIPANTS IN SMART GRIDS

In many liberalized electricity markets network operation and operation of generation and storage utilities are separated via unbundling regulations. While network expansion and operation belongs to the activities of regulated transmission or distribution system operators, private firms invest in generation and storage technologies and trade electricity at a spot market. An increasing share of decentralized renewable generators as well as charging stations for e-mobility in distribution grids may lead to network congestion. Missing congestion management tools in distribution grids might then result in an excessive need of network expansion or the expansion of other system relevant devices like for instance power transformers. Many studies claim that arising network congestion can alternatively be alleviated by using storage devices. However, it is also shown that the exclusive installation and operation of storage devices for ensuring network stability by a DSO is not economic (if it is compared to network expansion). Additional trade of energy by the DSO at a spot market is prohibited by unbundling regulations.
Does Pay Transparency Affect the Gender Wage Gap? Evidence From Austria

We study the 2011 Austrian pay transparency law, which requires firms above a size threshold to publish internal reports on the gender pay gap. Using an event-study design, we show that the policy had no discernible effects on male and female wages, thus leaving the gender wage gap unchanged. The effects are precisely estimated, and we rule out that the policy narrowed the gender wage gap by more than 0.4 p.p. Moreover, we do not find evidence for wage compression within establishments. We discuss several possible reasons why the reform did not reduce the gender wage gap. (JEL J16, J31, J71, K31)
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES LEARNING ABOUT HOUSING COST: SURVEY EVIDENCE FROM THE GERMAN HOUSE PRICE BOOM

This paper uses new household survey data to study expectation formation during the recent housing boom in Germany. The cross section of forecasts depends on only two household characteristics: location and tenure. The average household in a region responds to local conditions but underpredicts local price growth. Renters make on average higher and hence more accurate forecasts than owners, although their forecasts are more dispersed and their mean squared forecast errors are higher. A quantitative model of learning about housing cost can match these facts. It emphasizes the unique information structure of housing among asset markets: renters who do not own the asset are relatively well informed about its cash flow, since they pay for housing services that owners simply consume. Renters then make more accurate forecasts in a boom driven by an increase in rents and recovery from a financial crisis. Fabian Kindermann University of Regensburg Department of Economics 93040 Regensburg Germany fabian.kindermann@ur.de
Updated proposal of reference sequences for the HIV-1 genetic subtypes.

The known universe of HIV-1 viruses is divided into two groups, a major “M” group and an outlier “O” group, (reviewed in [9]). HIV-1 subtypes are clusters of sequences within the M group that are defined by phylogenetic analysis [6, 12]. In the Human Retroviruses and AIDS 1996 compendium, a reference set of HIV-1 sequences representing the different subtypes was proposed. Since that issue of the compendium, many more full length sequences from the various HIV-1 M group subtypes have been produced. Partly as a consequence of the availability of these new sequences, and partly due to further analysis of pre-existing data, new information has been accumulating concerning subtyping and HIV-1 alignments and hybrid genomes [3, 6, 8, 14]. In response we are updating the proposed list of reference sequences that appeared in Table 1 page III-30 of Human Retroviruses and AIDS 1996. We anticipate updating this table and the accompanying alignments on a regular basis in the future as a service to the scientific community, particularly since new submissions are likely to include a considerable number of complex mosaic genomes.
Shell-Model Study of Neutron Rich Even-Even 52,54,56Cr Isotopes

Large-scale shell model calculations were performed to study the low lying energies, binding energy and the reduced transition probabilities between energy levels for even-even 52,54,56Cr isotopes by employing effective interactions GXPF1, GXPF1A, FPD6 and KB3G near the closed core 48Ca with model space (HO). The results of calculation were compared with the recent experimental data and good global agreements were obtained for all nuclei under study and the best results achieved by using the effective interaction GXPF1A.
REMITTANCES AS A DETERMINANT OF CONSUMPTION FUNCTION (An Empirical Evidence From Pakistan)

In this paper an attempt has made to see the relationsh ip between remittances and consumption. For this pu rpose data from secondary sources mainly the Economic Surveys of Pa kistan for various years have been sighted. A Consu mption Function Model has been applied to investigate the relations hip between remittances and consumption. It has bee n examined that the flow of remittances of oversees Pakistanis to their relatives is mainly consumed. The estimated consum ption function reveals that remittances play a significant role in the det ermination of private consumption in the economy.