Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of phylloplane yeasts

In this study, yeasts were isolated from different fruit phylloplane during different seasons (summer, winter, and rainy) to study their population density and then brought to the Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, BHU for further experiment. A total of thirteen different yeast isolates were isolated from different phylloplane and then studied for their different characterization like morphological characters viz; colony colour, colony appearance, nature of growth, cell shape, type of growth, cell dimension etc. and regarding physiological characters viz., C and N utilization, sensitivity to cycloheximide as well as growth progression at different temperature. The finding to the present investigation revealed that colony colour of yeast isolates vary from cremish (Y1 to Y7, Y10 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to whitish (Y8, Y11, Y12) and single isolate Y9 gives yellowish colour. Smooth, crusty to granular colony appeared on yeast suitable media (YDPA) and having different growth nature viz; isolates (Y2, Y9 and Y14) shows faster growth as compare to isolate (Y1, Y11, Y12 and Y13) which shows slow colony growth. The cell shape and size ranges from spherical, oval to cylindrical and (1.9 x 1.06 µm to 4.51 x 3.14 µm) respectively. The growth of all isolate was found maximum @ 27°C while Cycloheximide @50 µg/ml found more sensitive and gives cent per cent inhibition over control against all the isolates. Among C & N source, Maltose was found more essential for the growth of all the isolate of yeast.
Preferential Treatment in Financial Contracts: Does Borrower and Broker Race Affect Mortgage Prices?

We test for preferential treatment in mortgage contracts using a novel dataset that allows us to observe the race and ethnicity of both parties to the contract. We find that minorities pay more in fees than similarly qualified whites when obtaining a loan through the same white broker. Critically, we find that the premium paid by minorities depends on the race of the broker. We also examine recent policy changes regarding broker compensation rules that may reduce these price disparities, but may also limit access to credit for minorities. JEL Classification: J15, L85, R20.
Ethical Aspects concerning Instrument Separation and Perforations during Endodontic Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim During endodontic treatment, dentists may face various unwanted procedural accidents, at any stage of the treatment that might compromise endodontic treatment outcome and bring obstacles to dentists as well. This study aimed to address and analyze several ethical concerns relating to the behavioural conduct of dentists towards endodontic instrument separation as well as perforation of the crown and/or root during root canal treatment in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Method Hundred and eleven questionnaires were distributed among dentists working in Riyadh in university clinics and government and private sectors. Data were collected, reviewed, and statistically analyzed by Fisher's exact and chi-square tests at a 5% significance level, using SPSS software. Results 54.5% of the respondents have encountered instrument separation. 53.2% stated that they would inform the patient about the instrument separation. 43.6% of the respondents had experienced perforation during root canal treatment, and 54.9% reported that they would inform the patient of the accident. Conclusion Within the limitation of this survey, we concluded that most of the dental professionals did not hesitate to adhere to the correct ethical conduct, and they would inform the patient if an incident occurred.
Corporate Hierarchies Under Employee Representation

This paper analyzes whether workplace employee representation (ER) affects the design of firm hierarchies. We rationalize the role of ER within a knowledge-based model of hierarchies, where the firm's choice of hierarchical layers depends on the trade-off between communication and knowledge acquisition costs. Using a sample of more than 20000 private-sector workplaces in 32 countries, we document conditional correlations between ER and the depth of hierarchy that are consistent with our framework. The presence of ER is positively associated with the number of organizational layers, though the relationship is tempered by firm size. Additional instrumental variable estimates reinforce our main result. ER positively correlates with job training and skill development, suggesting that the effect of ER (if any) is to reduce knowledge costs. Moreover, ER is associated with enhanced internal communication via staff meetings. The analysis of managers' perceptions suggests the higher frequency of meetings in firms with ER does not lead to more delays in the implementation of organizational changes. Taken together, our findings suggest that ER increases the depth of firm hierarchy by facilitating the flow of information to top decision makers, possibly through skip-level reporting, and hence reducing communication costs.
Survival of Adult Female Bighorn Sheep Following a Pneumonia Epizootic

Beginning in the early 1900s, poly‐factorial, poly‐microbial pneumonia was identified as a disease affecting bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and it continues to threaten bighorn populations, posing an ongoing management challenge. In May and June 2013, a pneumonia outbreak linked to the pathogen Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae led to an all‐age die‐off of desert bighorn sheep (O. c. nelsoni) at Old Dad Peak in the Kelso Mountains of the Mojave Desert in California, USA. Subsequently, we observed clinical signs of respiratory disease among bighorn sheep in multiple neighboring ranges. Our objective was to investigate post‐outbreak survival of adult female bighorn across 9 populations from 2014 to 2017 in the Mojave Desert and evaluate the relationship between M. ovipneumoniae infection and survival, while testing effects of range factors that could potentially influence differences in adult female survival (i.e., forage quality, winter precipitation, population abundance). We fitted adult females with radio‐collars following the outbreak and collected serum and nasal swab samples for competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing to determine exposure and infection status at time of capture. We tracked survival of 115 adult females with radio‐collars and used the known‐fate model in Program MARK to evaluate effects and estimate survival from November 2013 to March 2017. Annual survival was negatively correlated with positive infection status at capture but varied across populations with respect to differences in range conditions. Summer and autumn forage quality, as represented by mean normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values for summer and autumn, was positively correlated with overwinter survival, whereas winter precipitation (a proxy for winter severity) was negatively correlated with overwinter survival. Population abundance was negatively correlated with annual survival, suggesting a potential density‐dependent effect. Model‐averaged annual survival estimates ranged from 0.700± 0.07 (SE) to 0.945± 0.026 for infected individuals and 0.896± 0.03 to 0.983± 0.011 for uninfected individuals. We conclude that summer and autumn forage quality, indexed by NDVI, may partially offset the negative effect associated with M. ovipneumoniae infection on host survival. Our survival modeling results suggest that chronic infection may have afflicted adult females that were PCR‐positive (i.e., infected with M. ovipneumoniae) at time of capture. We propose programmatic re‐testing of infected individuals to assess pathogen persistence at the individual level and evaluate whether selective culling might potentially help to reduce prevalence and transmission within populations. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Micronutrients status and zinc forms distribution in soils under paddy land cover in Sringeri taluk in hilly zone of Karnataka

Rice is staple crop for most of the people in Karnataka, in due days its productivity and production is reducing due to improper application of fertilizers, specially, the zinc. This study was undertaken to know the status of micronutrients and zinc fractions in soils under paddy land cover in Sringeri taluk. The results showed that, the soils are acidic in nature with pH of 4.22 to 5.03, organic carbon in range of 4.5 to 21.00 g kg-1. The available zinc ranged from 0.39 to 2.81 mg g-1, it showed that 94.74 per cent of soils were sufficient in zinc nutrition. The distribution of zinc fractions followed the order: water-soluble < carbonate bound < organic matter bound < easily reducible manganese bound < iron and aluminum oxide bound < sorbed zinc < residual zinc.
Optimization of ingredients and selected processing parameters for development of coconut flavoured Paneer-like soft cheese

The objective of the present study was to develop a coconut flavoured paneer-like soft cheese using milk and coconut milk solids to attain value-addition of paneer by utilizing shelf stable derivative of coconut milk. To optimize level of ingredients and a few processing parameters, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used. The independent variables selected were Fat/MSNF ratio of milk (0.23 – 0.35), rate of addition of coconut milk powder (7 – 9% w/w of milk), rate of addition of calcium chloride (20 – 30 g/100 kg milk) and coagulation temperature (70–80 0C). Optimized solution with a desirability of 0.939 was given by a combination of fat to MSNF ratio of 0.31, 7.0% w/w of milk of coconut milk powder, 30.0 g/100kg of calcium chloride and coagulation temperature of 80 0C. At the optimized solution, the values of the responses were 45.1 flavour score, 31.8 body & texture score, 9.2 colour & appearance score, 91.2 total score, 27.24 Nmm chewiness,0.386 cohesiveness, 10.69 N hardness, 52.45% moisture and 27.86% fat. Fatty acid profile of the developed product revealed that the highest concentration was exhibited by Lauric acid (31.19%) followed by Palmitic acid (16.47%).
An information-geometrical path algorithm for Poisson regression

We consider Poisson regression for counting data and compare three estimation methods. The ﬁrst method, bisector regression (BR), was proposed by our previous work, which is based on the information geometry of the statistical model. The second, diﬀerential geometric least angle regression (DGLARS), is another method based on the information geometry. The third is the l 1 -regularization method. These methods are related with the least angle regression (LARS) algorithm, which is an important algorithm in the normal linear regression. BR and DGLARS are directly motivated by LARS and they are extensions of LARS for settings more than the normal linear regression. In the normal linear regression setting, the l 1 -regularization method, lasso , is known to be closely related with LARS. Three methods output the sequence of parameter estimates, each estimate of which is corresponding to a submodel. This fact means that the methods select a model in addition to parameter estimation. In the paper, we compare three methods by analyzing datasets and numerical experiments. The methods make similar but diﬀerent results.
A review of the Romanian Halticoptera Spinola (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae), with description of three new species

The Romanian species of Halticoptera Spinola (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) are reviewed. The species Halticoptera askewi , H. andriescui and H. semireticulata are described as new. Halticoptera dimidiata (Forster) and H. patellana (Dalman) are new to Romania. A key to the eleven Romanian species of Halticoptera is given.
Productivity potential and efficiency and economic feasibility of tomato based intercropping systems in solid soilless media under protected condition

An investigation for the evaluation of tomato based intercropping system was conducted during Kharif (July-December), 2017 under naturally ventilated polyhouse at Centre of Excellence on Protected Cultivation and Precision Farming, I.G. K.V. , Raipur, Chhattisgarh. Elephant foot yam, colocasia, turmeric and ginger were selected as intercrops. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. For assessment of the overall productivity potential and efficiency of all the intercropping systems studied in this experiment, tomato equivalent yield and LER were determined. Among different systems studied, highest tomato equivalent yield was obtained in tomato + elephant foot yam intercropping system closely followed by tomato + ginger intercropping system. Tomato + turmeric intercropping system registered the highest LER value followed by tomato + ginger intercropping system. Economic analysis of different intercropping systems revealed that tomato + elephant foot yam intercropping system had the highest net returns per acre followed by tomato + ginger. Tomato + elephant foot yam and tomato + ginger intercropping system were found most remunerative on the basis of benefit: cost ratio. Elephant foot yam and ginger were found to be the best intercrops and may be recommended for achieving the much desired yield and monetary return for vegetable based intercropping system in solid soilless media under protected condition for food and nutrition security.
Subcycle Overvoltage Dynamics in Solar PVs

In 2017 and 2018, bulk power system (BPS) connected solar photovoltaic (PV) inverters tripped after grid disturbances in South California, causing large-scale power loss. One cause of PV tripping is subcycle overvoltage experienced by PV inverters when the grid suffers voltage dip and PVs enter into momentary cessation. This paper examines the underlying mechanism of the subcycle overvoltage dynamics. A <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$dq$</tex-math></inline-formula>-frame analytical model is built for a PV grid-integration system with a focus on the grid side converter (GSC) and grid interaction. PV's dc circuit dynamics and controls are ignored. Eigenvalue analysis indicates that two modes cause the subcycle overvoltage. The modes are associated with shunt compensation, grid electromagnetic dynamics, and PV inverter controls. Furthermore, a more insightful explanation of subcycle overvoltage is offered relying on <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$s$</tex-math></inline-formula>-domain admittance models. The <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$dq$</tex-math></inline-formula>-frame admittance is derived for the PV viewed from the point of common coupling (PCC). A circuit model relying on the derived admittance can demonstrate subcycle overvoltage due to momentary cessation. Impacts of grid strength, phase-locked-loop (PLL) parameters and converter current control parameters are all examined. It is found that the inherent LC dynamics due to shunt compensation and grid inductance are the main dynamics that can cause overvoltage, and momentary cessation excites overvoltage dynamics.
STUDY ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW STRUCTURES IN A CURVED OPEN CHANNEL

Understanding flow characteristics in an open channel is crucial to assess velocity distribution and sediment transport patterns for bank protection. Numerical models are widely used to clarify the complex phenomena of flow structures and sediment transport in rivers after validation with reliable experimental datasets. However, the applications of a detailed three-dimensional (3D) model are still limited to small-scale phenomena, such as local scouring in an experimental channel because of long computational time, large memory requirements, and numerous computational tasks. Numerous depth-integrated models have been proposed to solve these problems. Numerical calculation validation was performed in this study by comparing a set of numerical models with a laboratory experiment conducted by De Vriend (1979). Numerical calculation method applied in this research is the bottom velocity computation (BVC) method, which evaluates bottom velocity distributions without computing the vertical distribution of velocity and pressure intensity, based on a depth-integrated method with horizontal vorticity equations. This paper presents the applicable ranges of a two-dimensional (2D) model and a quasi 3D model of a simplified bottom velocity computation (SBVC) model with shallow water assumption. A modified discretization for the dispersion term using the upwind scheme approach is introduced, and its merits over the previous scheme. The advantages of employing the SBVC method are demonstrated through a comparison with the 2D model. Measurement results indicate that the SBVC method can reproduce flow structures in a curved open channel.
Convergence of approximants for demicontinuous pseudo-contractive maps in Hilbert spaces

Some 9xed point principles for maps can be obtained by studying the convergence of suitable approximants. This approach not only establishes the existence of 9xed points but also provides approximations and numeral schemes. Let K be a closed convex set in a Hilbert space H and T :K →H a map. There are two natural approximants de9ned by xt =(1− t)Txt + tx0 and xt =(1− t)rTxt + tx0, where r :H →K is the metric projection. It is known that the above two approximants always exist if T is a nonexpansive self-map or a weakly inward nonexpansive map. We remark that when T is a self-map, the two approximants coincide. Another approximant xt = r[(1− t)Txt + tx0] is also used in the literature, see [10,15]. As will be shown (see Remark 2.5 below), when T is weakly inward, the approximant is exactly the same as xt =(1− t)Txt + tx0. A classical result obtained by Browder [1] is that if T is a nonexpansive self-map de9ned on a bounded closed convex set of a Hilbert space, then the approximant xt =(1− t)Txt+tx0 converges to a 9xed point of T . Recently, this result was generalized to nonexpansive nonself-maps de9ned on a bounded or unbounded closed convex sets. Singh and Watson [14] showed that the result holds if T (K) is bounded and T (@K) ⊂ K .
Effect of Micro-irrigation and Fertigation on Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Acid Lime

The experiment was carried out in factorial randomized block design comprised of three levels of irrigation i.e. 100, 90 and 80 per cent micro-irrigation of Evp and three levels of fertigation i.e. 100, 80 and 60 per cent RDF with nine treatment combination to study the effect of microirrigation and fertigation on yield and yield contributing characters in acid lime crop. It is evident from the data that, flowers borne on one meter shoot had shown statistical difference due to an irrigation and fertigation levels during both the years. Fruit set and fruit retention data was non-significant due to the irrigation levels during both the years of experimentation. However, the higher fertigation level F1 produced significantly the maximum fruit set (47.37 and 48.26 %, respectively) and fruit retention (87.54 and 88.53% respectively) during the tested years. In case of pooled yield, significantly the maximum fruits (25.07 kg/plant)and which was followed by the treatment combinations I3F2 (24.26 kg/ plant), I2F1 (24.26 kg/plant) and I2F2 (23.65 kg/ plant) which were at par with each other.
Plantlet regeneration of naga king chilli (Capsicum Chinense JACQ.) from nodal segments through in vitro technique

The present investigation was undertaken at the Department of Horticulture, Nagaland University to standardize the protocol for plantlet regeneration of Naga King Chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) by using nodal segments as explants. Nodal segments (1.0 cm) were cultured on MS medium supplemented with either BAP or KIN @ 0-8 mg L respectively for shoot proliferation, alone and in combination with 0.5 mg L IAA. The medium containing 8 mg L BAP + 0.5 mg L IAA recorded the maximum response (88.88%) for shoot proliferation. The highest shoots (5.49) with maximum bud length (1.9 cm) were proliferated during the third subculture. Regenerated shoots were maintained in MS basal medium for further elongation thereafter, transferred to MS medium supplemented with auxins viz. IBA and IAA @ 0 1.5 mg L alone for root formation where 1mg L IBA enriched media recorded highest number of functional roots (14.55 per explant). 70% plantlets survival was recorded during hardening.
Combining ability studies for yield and yield contributing traits in desi cotton (Gossypiumarboreum L.)

Line x tester analysis was carried out involving 5 line and 6 testers for seed cotton yield and yield contributing traits. Significant difference among genotypes was observed for all traits under study meaning thereby considerable amount of genetic variability. The genotypes PA 828, PA 848and AKA 9703 were found good general combiner for seed cotton yield and yield contributing characters. The cross combinations PA 848 x Phule Dhan wantary and PA 760 x PA 08had significant sca effects for seed cotton yield. Therefore, the breeder should compromise at acceptable values of seed cotton yield and fiber quality parameters. It is advocated that the genotypes having such values for these traits could be used in further breeding programme.
Insights into the composition of lotus rhizome

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae) known as sacred lotus, is a very unique ornamental plant having multiple medicinal properties. The proximate analysis of rhizome were analysed and the results include moisture (72.14%), starch (10.05), carbohydrates (16.03g), protein (2.6g), fat (0.1g), fibre (3.2g), vitamin C (38mg), calcium (40mg), iron (1.07mg), phosphorus (58mg), potassium (450mg). Major chemical constituents that are present in methanol extract of rhizome were analysed through cold maceration method by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HR-LCMS) techniques. The compounds include: Betulinic acid, Rutin, Isoquercetin, 2R aminohexadecanoic acid, Phytosphingosine, Sphinganine, Phorbol, Ginkgolide B, Tetrahydroxy2,6dimethyl anthroquinone, Pseudouridine, p – Hydroxyphenobarbital, Fluoroacetate, Isoamyl nitrite, Metronidazole, Napthaldehyde, Acetoin. The results showed that bioactive compounds identified by HR-LCMS from rhizome of Nelumbo nucifera have revealed a very good potential to be explored as food supplements or even pharmaceutical products to improve human health.
Multi-scale variability and predictability of Indian summer monsoon rainfall

This paper reviews research done by the authors and their collaborators at IRI and beyond over the past decade on predictability and prediction of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) on seasonal and sub-seasonal timescales. Empirical analyses of the daily ISMR characteristics at local scales pertinent to agriculture, based on IMD gridded data, reveal that the number of rainy days in the season is more predictable than the seasonal rainfall total; furthermore, this “weather-within-climate” predictability undergoes an important seasonal modulation and is highest in the early and late phases of the monsoon and lowest in the July-August core monsoon period. New research in calibrated multi-model seasonal forecasting of ISMR is presented based on the North American Multi-Model Ensemble and gridded IMD data, using the 2018 forecasts as a case study; these forecasts were issued in real-time in tercile-category probability format and were updated for the remainder of the 2018 monsoon season at the beginning of each calendar month from June to September. Sub-seasonal multimodel probabilistic predictions of ISMR in the weeks 2-3 range (8-21 day lead times) are constructed and analyzed, using the onset of the 2018 monsoon as an example; the hindcast skill of these week 2-3 gridded ISMR forecasts is shown to be substantial in the early and late stages of the monsoon season, consistent with the empirical findings from IMD data. Lastly, a hidden Markov model (HMM) of daily rainfall variability at a network of stations over monsoonal India is used to interpret the organized variation of rainfall across the multiple temporal scales that characterize ISMR.