Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regenerative Endodontics and Its Application in the Treatment of Mature Permanent Teeth-A Review

Regenerative endodontics can be a useful alternative to conventional endodontic treatment in mature teeth with necrosis/apical periodontitis. This review spans articles in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. It examines the biological considerations when applying revitalization techniques in adults and the clinical reports on treatment outcomes. Regenerative procedures used in pediatric dentistry could be successfully implemented, with some modifications in the clinical protocol, in order to meet the specific conditions such as: small apical foramen, less blood supply and decreased amount of growth factors. Additional research is required to establish the optimum conditions that can contribute to a successful treatment.
USING FACE MASKS IN THE CLASSROOM: THE EFFECT ON THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT PARAMETERS AND FACE THERMOPHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS

Masks have been recommended as a protective tool for effectively combating the COVID-19 pandemic. In many countries, masks are required indoors, but the obligation temporarily and sporadically extends to all public places indoors and outdoors in some regions. Our study investigated the effect of wearing face masks in the classroom on the indoor environmental parameters and the human body experimentally. The study was performed at the Technical University of Sofia with 14 volunteers during regular lecture classes. Two stages were considered: with and without face masks. Measurement of the indoor environment parameters, oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration was continuously performed. Thermal image analysis was used to obtain the face thermograms of the participants. The results clearly showed the retention effect of the face masks on the exhaled air, leading to lower CO2 concentration in the classroom and higher O2 concentration and humidity. It was also found that the continuous wear of a face mask for 40-45 min provoked an increment of the facial skin temperature under the mask to 37 °CC and even more. The rise of the temperature of the inner cantus of the eye showed that the face mask triggered the body’s thermoregulation, causing thermophysiological reactions.
INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS

INTRODUCTION The south Florida region, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach Counties, has been one of the most congested urban areas in the United States. 1 Travelers in this region experience an annual average travel delay of 52 hours—13 hours worse than 10 years ago—making it the 12th worst in the United States. 2 Freeway incident management is one major measure being aggressively pursued by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) to combat congestion in the region. Although congestion simply can result from traffic volumes exceeding available roadway capacity, studies have shown that traffic incidents account for as much as 60 percent of all traffic congestion. 3,4 An " incident " is defined as any non-recurring event that causes a reduction in roadway capacity or an abnormal increase in demand. 5 Examples of incidents include traffic crashes, disabled vehicles, spilled cargo, highway maintenance and special non-emergency events, such as sports events. Such incidents not only increase travel delays but also may result in new incidents , such as secondary crashes. An efficient incident management system is essential to avoid additional fatalities, physical injuries and property damage as well as to alleviate traffic congestion. As a major component of freeway incident management, freeway service patrol programs have been operating around the continental United States for decades. 6–8 By utilizing roving vehicles to patrol congested and/or high-incident freeway sections, service patrols can quickly identify incidents, minimize incident duration, reduce the risk of secondary crashes and restore the full capacity of freeway facilities. Service patrol programs
Relativizing versus Nonrelativizing Techniques: The Role of Local Checkability

Contradictory oracle results have traditionally been interpreted as giving some evidence that resolving a complexity issue is diﬃcult. However, for quite a while, there have been a few known complexity results that do not hold for every oracle, at least in the most obvious way of relativizing the results. In the early 1990’s, a sequence of important non-relativizing results concerning “non-controversially relativizable” complexity classes has been proved, mainly using algebraic techniques. Although the techniques used to obtain these results seem similar in ﬂavor, it is not clear what common features of complexity they are exploiting. It is also not clear to what extent oracle results should be trusted as a guide to estimating the diﬃculty of proving complexity statements, in light of these non-relativizing techniques. The results in this paper are intended to shed some light on these issues. First, we give a list of simple axioms based on Cobham’s machineless characterization of P [Cob64]. We show that a complexity statement (provably) holds relative to all oracles if and only if it is a consequence of these axioms. Thus, these axioms in some sense capture the set of techniques that relativize. Oracle results, while not necessarily showing that resolving a complexity conjecture is “beyond current technology” at least show that the result is independent from these axioms. We then suggest an axiom which we call the principle of local checkability. When added to the previous axioms, local checkability implies all of the new non-relativizing results. The axiom is intended to capture the fact that, if someone provides a complete transcript of a computation, its correctness is easily checkable through examining its local properties. Diﬀerent versions of this axiom have been “folklore” in the complexity community, but the extent to which it separates relativized and non-relativized complexity has not been fully appreciated. (In fact, many people remain unconvinced after reading this paper! ) We show that all
Computational fluid dynamics simulations of wind-driven rain on a mid-rise residential building with various types of facade details

Numerical studies of wind-driven rain (WDR), reporting detailed analysis of rain exposure on building facades, focus mainly on simplified building facades. However, small-scale facade details have a large impact on the rain exposure of a building, redistributing WDR locally. The present study reports results of computational fluid dynamics simulations with Eulerian multiphase (EM) model for WDR on a stand-alone mid-rise residential building. The influence of facade details, namely roof overhangs, balconies and window sills, is analysed. It is shown that even a very small surface detail, such as a window sill with a size of 0.10 m, can decrease catch ratio by up to 37% and droplet impact speed by up to 40%. Numerical simulations also show the practicality of the EM model for detailed analysis of WDR intensity on a complex building and its ability to be used as a design tool.
SS-DNA decorated single-walled carbon nanotube based sensors integrated onto CMOS circuitry

The proliferation of processing and metrology equipment coupled with the intense interest in nanotechnology has resulted in the discovery of numerous novel nanoscale materials and continued with the demonstrations of device and sensor applications. Nanomaterials (of dimensions 1-100nm) exhibit novel physical, chemical and biological properties not available in the bulk form. Some of the widely investigated nanoscale materials include carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanowires, nanobelts, and quantum dots. The field of nanotechnology, is not only fertile for scientific discoveries, but also has significant potential for novel practical applications. Furthermore, several issues remain; one is the further need for System level approaches to nanotechnology. The objective of this thesis is to design and implement functional Micro Systems with active nanomaterial components. The proposed work encompasses design, modeling and characterization of nanomaterials assembly (mediated by electric fields) on to microelectrodes. In addition to devices built with individual nanomaterials, an emerging approach is to build devices realized with randomly deposited networks. Accordingly, nanomaterials based networks on rigid and flexible substrates are being investigated. In addition, a carbon nanotube network is being implemented and characterized on a flexible parylene-C substrate. The final objective of this project is to realize a multi purpose system powered with nanomaterials, has nanosensors (ss-DNA decorated singlewalled carbon nanotubes sensors) and is built on top of CMOS circuitry enabled with the processing and storage power of CMOS electronics.
Using the critical decision method and decision ladders to analyse traffic incident management system issues

Optimising the safety and effectiveness of road crash work environments is challenging. Factors such as traffic, time pressures, and resource shortages combine to provide a dangerous work environment. Added to this, the complexity and interaction of these factors makes it difficult to identify their relative impact. In order to comprehensively understand the source of threats to the safety and effectiveness of the traffic incident environment this study conducted a series of Critical Decision Method (CDM) interviews with operational experts in traffic incident management and the results of the interviews were mapped onto decision ladder templates. Eight operational officers from the Queensland Police Service, Queensland Fire and Emergency Services and the Royal Automotive Club Queensland’s (RACQ) Traffic Response Unit were interviewed individually, allowing them to draw on examples from their own experience. Combining the two human factors tools yielded valuable information about decision making processes in the incident management environment. System issues identified in the analysis included intra and inter-agency communication, interoperability issues, training issues, vehicle lighting issues and issues with the uptake of technology. System support solutions aligning with the issues include options for possible training and procedural changes and reviews regarding technology, communication and vehicle lighting.
Dominant predictors of violent versus non-violent terrorist roles among US Muslim converts

ABSTRACT Terrorism is a diverse form of violence, and terrorists are also diverse in terms of their characteristics, motivations for participating, and the roles they take within terrorism. Though terrorism studies have mostly focused on developing broad theories of why people participate in terrorism in general, some scholars have advocated for research that tests specific, contextually bound hypotheses and a disaggregation of terrorism by its roles. This study explores which variables most strongly predict violent (i.e. active planning/commission of terrorist violence) versus non-violent (i.e. passive support) involvement in Islamist terrorism among US Muslim converts (N = 131). After rigorously coding open-source data, a dominance analysis indicated that three variables (out of hundreds) were the dominant predictors of whether a subject took on a violent versus non-violent role (V/N-V), accounting for 25% of variance in V/N-V. Subjects who had owned and/or trained with a weapon, were domestic (versus international) terrorists, and had publicly declared their extremist beliefs were significantly more likely to plan or perpetrate terrorist violence, whereas variables related to radicalization, socialization, and socio-demographics had no impact on V/N-V. These results reinforce that terrorism is not monolithic and that understanding antecedent and operational behaviors may hold the most utility for preventing terrorist violence.
The Effect of the NorGeP–NH on Quality of Life and Drug Prescriptions in Norwegian Nursing Homes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The effect of the Norwegian General Practice–Nursing Home (NorGeP–NH) criteria has never been tested on clinical outcomes in nursing home (NH) residents. We performed a cluster-randomized trial in Norwegian NHs and tested the effect of NorGeP–NH on QoL (primary outcome), medication prescriptions, and physical and mental health (secondary outcomes) for the enrolled residents; Methods: Fourteen NHs were randomized into intervention NHs (iNHs) and control NHs (cNHs). After baseline data collection, physicians performed NorGeP–NH on the enrolled residents. We assessed the difference between cNHs and iNHs in the change in primary outcome from baseline to 12 weeks and secondary outcomes from baseline to eight and 12 weeks by linear mixed models; Results: One hundred and eight residents (13 lost to follow-up) and 109 residents (nine lost to follow-up) were randomized to iNHs and cNHs, respectively. Difference in change in QoL at 12 weeks between cNHs and iNHs was not statistically significant (mean (95% CI)): −1.51 (−3.30; 0.28), p = 0.101). We found no significant change in drug prescriptions over time. Difference in depression scores between cNHs and iNHs was statistically significant after 12 weeks. Conclusions: Our intervention did not affect QoL or drug prescriptions, but reduced depression scores in the iNHs. NorGeP–NH may be a useful tool, but its effect on clinical outcomes may be scarce in NH residents. Further studies about the effectiveness of NorGeP–NH in other healthcare contexts and settings are recommended.
Predictive Ability of a Clinical-Genetic Risk Score for Venous Thromboembolism in Northern and Southern European Populations

Abstract Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complex, multifactorial problem, the development of which depends on a combination of genetic and acqfiguired risk factors. In a Spanish population, the Thrombo inCode score (or TiC score), which combines clinical and genetic risk components, was recently proven better at determining the risk of VTE than the commonly used model involving the analysis of two genetic variants associated with thrombophilia: the Factor V Leiden (F5 rs6025) and the G20210A prothrombin (F2 rs1799963). The aim of the present case–control study was to validate the VTE risk predictive capacity of the TiC score in a Northern European population (from Sweden). The study included 173 subjects with VTE and 196 controls. All were analyzed for the genetic risk variants included in the TiC gene panel. Standard measures —receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio (OR)—were calculated. The TiC score returned an AUC value of 0.673, a sensitivity of 72.25%, a specificity of 60.62%, and an OR of 4.11. These AUC, sensitivity, and OR values are all greater than those associated with the currently used combination of genetic variants. A TiC version adjusted for the allelic frequencies of the Swedish population significantly improved its AUC value (0.783). In summary, the TiC score returned more reliable risk estimates for the studied Northern European population than did the analysis of the Factor V Leiden and the G20210A genetic variations in combination. Thus, the TiC score can be reliably used with European populations, despite differences in allelic frequencies.
Spatio-Temporal Changes in Ecosystem Service Value and Its Coordinated Development with Economy: A Case Study in Hainan Province, China

Ecosystem service value is crucial to people’s intuitive understanding of ecological protection and the decision making with regard to ecological protection and economic green development. This study improved the benefit transfer method to evaluate ESV in Hainan Province, proposed the coupling analysis method of economic and environmental coordination, and explored the relationship between ESV and economic development based on the medium-resolution remote sensing land use data and socio-economic data from 2000 to 2020. The results show that Hainan Province’s ESV decreased by 33.305 billion CNY from 2000 to 2020. The highest ESV per unit area was found in the water system and forest ecosystem, mainly distributed in the central mountainous area. The overall condition of EEC decreased from a basic coordination state to a moderate disorder state. Areas with high economic development had better EEC, such as Haikou and Sanya. Meanwhile, we analyzed the driving force of ESV and EEC by Geodetector. The results show that land use intensity was the most important driving factor affecting ESV, with a contribution rate of 0.712. Total real estate investment was the most important driving factor affecting EEC, with a contribution rate of 0.679. These results provide important guidance for the coordinated development of regional economy and ecosystem protection.
The Nexus of International Trade and Inflation on ASEAN-5 Countries’ Economic Growth: The Mediating Role of Exchange Rates

Since the last decade, ASEAN countries have been chosen by the developed countries as one of the favorite trading partners. The establishment of ASEAN allows member countries to accelerate their open trading activities worldwide, especially among ASEAN members. However, the export and import activity of the ASEAN-5 countries have interconnected with inflation and exchange rates, which will affect economic growth. The research goal is to look into the impact of international commerce on the economic growth of ASEAN's founding countries, namely Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines. We investigated data since the inception of the ASEAN body 53 years (1968-2020) to test the hypotheses and run it using data panel regression with differentiation technique to analyze the data. We used EViews 9th version software to run the data. After the multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity tested, the result shows that the exchange rate significantly mediates international trade (proxied by export and import activity) and the inflation rate on economic growth negatively. While for the direct relationship, import and inflation significantly affect the exchange rate. While export and inflation affect economic growth indirectly effect. Thus, the exchange rate intervenes in a parallel manner between inflation and economic growth and a fully mediate between import and economic growth. The discussions and implications will explain further.
Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse and Mitral Annular Disjunction: Clinical Features, Pathophysiology, Risk Stratification, and Management

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common cause of valvular heart disease. Although many patients with MVP have a benign course, there is increasing recognition of an arrhythmic phenotype associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with arrhythmias include cardiac fibrosis, mechanical stress induced changes in ventricular refractory periods, as well as electrophysiologic changes in Purkinje fibers. Clinically, a variety of risk factors including demographic, electrocardiographic, and imaging characteristics help to identify patients with MVP at the highest at risk of SCD and arrhythmias. Once identified, recent advances in treatment including device therapy, catheter ablation, and surgical interventions show promising outcomes. In this review, we will summarize the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and SCD in patients with MVP, the association with mitral annular disjunction, mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis, methods for arrhythmic and SCD risk stratification including findings with multimodality imaging, and treatments for the primary and secondary prevention of SCD.
Does prior transurethral resection of prostate have a negative impact on the outcome of holmium laser enucleation of prostate? Results from a prospective comparative study

Objectives: To prospectively evaluate safety and efficacy of holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP) for surgical treatment of recurrent symptoms due to prostatomegaly after prior transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Materials and Methods: We prospectively evaluated 43 patients with a history of TURP who underwent HoLEP (study group). Patients in chronological order who underwent HoLEP without prior TURP were included in the control group. We hypothesized that prior TURP would increase technical difficulties, thereby leading to a reduction in procedure efficiency by 25%. Patients' demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative data were compared, and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Demographic data in both groups were comparable. The average interval between past TURP and HoLEP was 4.22 years. There was no difficulty in identifying the dissection plane in the study group and the difference in the procedure efficiency between the study and the control groups were statistically insignificant (0.75 ± 0.31 g/min-study group vs. 0.69 ± 0.36 g/min-control group; P = 0.665). The intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes were comparable in both groups. Conclusions: Prior TURP does not negatively impact the outcome of HoLEP in treating symptomatic recurrence for enlarged prostate after initial TURP.
An exploration of objectivism and social constructivism within the context of disaster risk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the meaning of social constructivism and objectivism within the context of disaster risk from which disaster risk policy can be analysed. In particular, the paper attempts to explore the implications of social constructivism and objectivism in disaster risk which is essential in explaining why disaster risk has different nuances and consequently policy responses. Design/methodology/approach – A literature survey was used to explore social constructivism and objectivism within the context of disaster risk. The survey involved documentary searches from academic books, journal articles and disaster risk reports to serve as primary research data. Findings – The analysis revealed that viewing and managing disasters through the lens of objectivism might not yield the desired results of minimising risk as it conceals the vulnerabilities to disaster risk. The objectivist perspective is therefore in itself considered inadequate for the study of disaster risk and.
Stage acoustics for musicians: A multidimensional approach using 3D ambisonic technology

In this research, a method was outlined and tested for the use of 3D Ambisonic technology to inform stage acoustics research and design. Stage acoustics for musicians as a field has yet to benefit from recent advancements in auralization and spatial acoustic analysis. This research attempts to address common issues in stage acoustics subjective requirements for performers in relation to feelings of support, quality of sound, and ease of ensemble playing in relation to measurable, objective characteristics that can be used to design better stage enclosures. While these issues have been addressed in previous work, this research attempts to use technological advancements to improve the resolution and realism of the testing and analysis procedures. Advancements include measurement of spatial impulse responses using a spherical microphone array, higher-order ambisonic encoding and playback for real-time performer auralization, high-resolution spatial beamforming for analysis of onstage impulse responses, and multidimensional scaling procedures to determine subjective musician preferences. The methodology for implementing these technologies into stage acoustics research is outlined in this document and initial observations regarding implications for stage enclosure design are proposed. This research provides a robust method for measuring and analyzing performer experiences on multiple stages without the costly and time-intensive process of physically surveying orchestras on different stages, with increased repeatability while maintaining a high level of immersive realism and spatial resolution. Along with implications for physical design, this method provides possibilities for virtual teaching and rehearsal, parametric modeling and co-located performance.