Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consideration of the Different Pile Length Due to Soil Stress and Inner Forces of the Nailed-slab Pavement System under Concentric Load

: Concentric loading on the Nailed-slab Pavement System causes stress in the soil and the inner forces in structural elements. The load stress is transferred to the soil by the structural elements tends to concentrate in the centerline area under the system. Since load stress is concentrated in the center line area, the soil stress and inner forces can be higher in the center of the system. To reduce the soil stress and inner forces of structural elements, the longer pile can be put in the center area of the system. This research is aimed to learn the soil stress and inner forces behavior of the Nailed-slab Pavement System in case putting the longer pile in the center area of the system. The maximum double wheel load was taken 50 kN which transfer to the slab surface by contact pressure. Wheel load was loaded in the center of the slab. The Nailed-slab materials properties and soft clay properties were taken from the previous researcher. The piles in the center area of the Nailed-slab were longer 33.3% than others. Results show that the Nailed-slab by longer piles in the center area can reduce the soil stress signiﬁcantly for maximum shear stress up to 28%. The inner forces were also reduced by about 43% to 46% and caused the reducing in lateral deﬂection of pile tip about 37%. It can be concluded that the increasing pile length in the central area of the system can reduce soil stress and inner forces of the system.
New developments in two-feldspar thermometry

Abstract The thermodynamic model of the two-feldspar thermometer has been revised. From recent enthalpy and volume measurements in the (Na,Ca)- and (K,Ca)-feldspar binaries, new interaction parameters have been derived and previous ones have been updated. Entropy parameters have been fitted to the phase equilibrium data of Seck (1971) and Elkins and Grove (1990). The two data sets could be suitably combined into one. Ideal Ab, Or, and An activities have been expressed in terms of both the molecular mixing and Al-avoidance models. Two-feldspar pairs from high-grade metamorphic rocks that cooled slowly under dry conditions suffer from a distinct type of retrograde resetting. Whereas the original An content in both the plagioclase and the alkali feldspar is preserved because the intercrystalline Ca + Al ↔ (Na,K) + Si diffusion is sluggish, Na and K may be freely exchanged between phases. Mathematical reversal of the Na-K exchange at constant An yields the temperature at which the two feldspars originally coexisted. The shifts in Ab and Or contents obtained from the reversal reflect the relative plagioclase/alkali feldspar proportions observed in thin sections. Good agreement between calculated and measured ratios was found for feldspar pairs from Sri Lankan granulites. This observation represents a successful test of the reliability of the calculated Ab-Or shifts. In contrast to dry metamorphic rocks, similar application of chemical constraints is not indicated in the case of volcanic rocks. Then the two-feldspar thermometer delivers three, usually incongruent temperatures: T(Ab), T(Or), and T(An). From the abundance of temperatures, Fuhrman and Lindsley (1988) suggested adjusting compositions within assumed chemical uncertainties (e.g., ±2 mol%) so that congruent temperatures could be obtained. However, the result is not unique. Depending on minute variations in the starting compositions, the temperatures may vary by several tens of degrees. In addition, temperatures vary to a similar extent depending on the type of search algorithm. Therefore, we advise users to completely abandon this practice. Instead, a statistical procedure is suggested: Two-feldspar compositions are randomly generated according to Gaussian distributions with their means at the observed compositions and standard errors chosen according to the quality of the chemical analysis. This procedure returns normally distributed temperatures [T(Ab), T(Or), T(An)] together with means and standard deviations. From the overlap of the three Gaussian curves the question of equilibrium or non-equilibrium crystallization of feldspar pairs may be addressed.
Spatial Configurations of Molybdenum Atomic Chains

The geometric and electronic structures of Molybdenum chains are studied by the first-principles of density-functional method. The present calculations reveal that Molybdenum can form planner chains in zigzag, dimer, and ladder structures. The most stable geometry is the Dimer structure chain. The ladder structure is found to be more stable than the zigzag one. Furthermore, the relative structural stability, the electronic energy bands, the density of states are discussed based on the ab initio calculations.
Drawing Interfaces: When Interaction Becomes Situated and Variable

The widespread and pervasive presence of devices equipped with small-size, small-cost sensors and increasing computational capacity affected our interactions, making them growingly ubiquitous and dynamic; an interaction that shifted from being indirect to becoming more physical and direct, as using gestural or vocal commands to control smart systems. In this context, we developed interfaces that draw themselves accordingly to the user need. Drawing User Interfaces receive information from the physical world (users and environment) via sensors, and react modifying their aesthetics and function.
Customizing Zinc Oxide, Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Enhancing Groundnut Seed Quality

Zinc oxide (ZnO), Silver (Ag) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesised using template-free aqueous solution based on simple chemical route which were characterised through SEM, TEM and XRD. Size of Zinc oxide (ZnO), Silver (Ag) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles measured 35-45nm, 20-80 nm and 85-100 nm, respectively to conform the nano-size. Groundnut seeds when dry dressed with the synthesised nanoparticles each at 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 mg kg -1, the dose of 1000 mg kg-1 outperformed in enhancing the germination (75%), shoot length (20.97 cm) root length (17.98) and thereby the vigour index (2949) compared to control (55%, 16.92, 15.21 and 1759) respectively.
Snowpack chemistry at selected sites in Colorado and New Mexico during winter 1999-2000

Abstract : Snowpacks at two high-elevation (> 3,000 m) sampling sites near McPhee and Sanchez Reservoirs in southern Colorado were selected to collect representative samples of atmospheric deposition to the surrounding watersheds during winter 1999-2000. In February 2000, annual snowpacks at two sites were sampled to determine concentrations of nitrate and sulfate; concentrations of the trace elements arsenic, mercury, and selenium; and the sulfur isotope ratios that result from atmospheric deposition to the area. Snowpack chemistry data at the two sites sampled in 1999-2000 are compared to 1993-99 averages at 10 other snow-sampling sites in Colorado and New Mexico that generally are downwind of the Four Corners area of the southwestern United States. Although concentrations of ammonium and nitrate in the 1999-2000 snowpacks were fairly typical compared to averages established at nearby sites in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, chloride and sulfate concentrations were below the 1993-99 average, while arsenic, mercury, and selenium in snow were much below the 1993-99 average. However, very similar sulfur-isotope ratios (that are not a function of precipitation amounts) deposited in snowpacks at the nearby sites indicate the snowpack chemistries at the new sampling locations near McPhee and Sanchez reservoirs were affected by similar sources of sulfate.
Is it possible to create an innovative craft durum wheat beer with sourdough yeasts? A case study

Craft beer is often produced as a non-filtered, unpasteurized and bottle re-fermented beer, whose production is aimed at maintaining original sensory characteristics. The intention of most micro-breweries is to meet these requirements in producing a high-quality beer. In Italy, as well as in Sardinia, the number of micro-breweries is increasing. In an attempt to make this product more original, new strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were selected. Sourdough yeasts were used as an alternative source of starters for beer production. In this particular work, two wheat beers were compared, one brewed with an autochthonous yeast isolated from sourdough and the other brewed with a commercial yeast normally used in Italian micro-breweries. The wheat beer fermented with the autochthonous yeast had the highest ethanol content, the lowest pH and the highest content of esters and alcohols. From a sensory point of view the two beers showed significant differences in the triangle test, but were not significantly different in the paired test with preference. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling
RAPID AND SIMULTANEOUS HPLC ANALYSIS OF CURCUMIN AND ITS METABOLITE TETRAHYDROCURCUMIN FROM PLASMA AND LIVER HOMOGENATES

A rapid and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of curcumin (Cur) and its active metabolite tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) from rat plasma and liver homogenates. 17β-estradiol was used as the internal standard (IS). A Waters Spherisorb RP C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 µm) and a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile-methanol-water adjusted to pH 3.0, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 was optimized. THC and 17β-estradiol were detected at 280 nm and Cur at 425 nm. Cur revealed three peaks – diferuloylmethane, demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC). All the analytes were well-separated with resolution >1.5. The calibration curves were linear over the range 100–5000 ngmL−1 for diferuloylmethane and THC. Extraction of diferuloylmethane and THC was consistent and reproducible as indicated by a low coefficient of variation, and a constant analyte/IS ratio. A simple, reproducible HPLC method with good resolution and simultaneous detection of analytes was developed and successfully applied for pharmacokinetic evaluation and liver uptake in rats following oral administration of diferuloylmethane in single processing sample which makes this method a rapid and cost effective analysis.
Conformational insights and vibrational study of a promising anticancer agent: the role of the ligand in Pd(II)–amine complexes

A conformational and vibrational analysis of an antiproliferative spermine-based dinuclear Pd(II) complex (Pd2-Spm) is reported. Density functional theory coupled to all-electron basis sets was used to perform quantum mechanical calculations aimed at determining the strategy best suited for accurately representing this molecule and achieving an optimal accordance with the experimental data. The structural parameters and the vibrational frequencies predicted by the calculations are compared with the corresponding experimental data. The results support a relationship between the strength of the metal-ligand bonds and the antitumor activity of the compound.
SFG-Schwingungsspektroskopie an Pd-Modellkatalysatoren unter Hochdruckbedingungen

0\. Titel, Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\. Einleitung 1 2\. Grundlagen und Experimentelles 5 2.1 SFG-Spektroskopie 5 2.2 Apparativer Aufbau und Lasersystem 12 2.3 Pd-Modellkatalysatoren 15 3\. CO-H2-Wechselwirkung 21 3.1 Sequentielle Dosierung 21 3.1. 1 CO-Adsorption 21 3.1. 2 H2-Adsorption und -Absorption 31 3.1. 3 koadsorption CO+H2 38 3.1. 4 koadsorption H2+CO 43 3.2 Gemische 51 3.3 Hochdruckadsorption 56 4\. Methanol 67 4.1 Methanoladsorption 67 4.2 Methanolzersetzung 74 4.3 Methanoloxidation 90 5\. Anwendbarkeit auf andere Systeme 95 5.1 C2H4 95 5.2 H2O 102 6\. Zusammenfassung 107 Literaturverzeichnis 111 Anhang 121
Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry

Radioactive Decay and the Origin of Gamma- and X-Radiation. Interactions of Gamma-Radiation with Matter. Semiconductor Detectors for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Electronics for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Statistics of Counting. Spectrometer Calibration. True Coincidence Summing. Computer Analysis of Gamma-Ray Spectra. Scintillation Spectrometry. Choosing, Setting Up and Checking the Specification of a Detector. Resolution: Origins and Control. Troubleshooting. Low Count Rate Systems. High Count Rate Systems. Ensuring Quality in Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Appendices. Index.
Temperature Dependent Surface Properties of Liquid Alkali Metals

Temperature dependent surface properties like surface tension (γ) and surface entropy (SV) of liquid alkali metals are studied in the present paper. Our newly constructed parameter free model potential is used to describe the electron-ion interaction. To see the influence of local field correction function on surface properties of liquid alkali metal, we have used Sarkar et al local field correction function. The present results are found in good agreement with available experimental data as well as other theoretical data. Lastly we conclude that our model potential is capable to explain surface properties of liquid alkali metals.
Chemical Composition and Surface Properties of Paper Mill Sludge and their Impact on High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composites

A comparative study was conducted using paper mill sludge from three different pulping processes at two primary sludge (PS) to secondary sludge (SS) ratios to better understand the role of PS and SS in the development of wood/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composite properties. Sludge samples from a thermomechanical (TMP), chemico-thermomechanical (CTMP), and Kraft pulping process were used at three proportions (20, 30, and 40%) to produce different composites. Pulp and combined sludge samples were characterized by conventional chemical analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy enabled the characterization of the inorganic content in the sludge. Results showed that the variation in composite properties according to sludge type could be explained by the chemical composition, regardless of pulping process or SS:PS ratio. Ash and cellulose content were the dominant factors in explaining the composite mechanical properties, and nitrogen content, although low, was the dominant factor in explaining composite toughness.
Effect of Fym, Urea and Azotobacter on Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry Cv. Chandler

The present investigation was carried out in the Research orchard of Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-J , Udheywalla, Jammu during 2005-06 and 2006-07 to study the effect of organics FYM integrated with urea and Azotobacter on growth, yield and quality of strawberry cv. Chandler. The strawberry plants attained the height of 21.24cm with 28.16cm plant spread , 74.95cm2 leaf area and fruit size (37.62 x 28.01mm) and fruit weight (15.87g)with the application of 25 per cent nitrogen through FYM augmented with Azotobacter and was at par with the plants supplied with cent per cent nitrogen in the form of urea in combination with Azotobacter. The fruit quality viz. total soluble solids, total sugars, ascorbic acid and anthocyanin content was highest in fruits obtained from plants supplied with 25 per cent nitrogen through FYM + 75 per cent nitrogen in the form of urea + Azotobacter recording 6.81 oBrix, 4.73 per cent, 73.71mg/100g fresh berries and 0.191 OD respectively. Maximum yield of 372.89g per plant was obtained with the application of cent per cent nitrogen in the form of urea along with Azotobacter whereas 358.43g fruits per plant were recorded with the application of 25 per cent nitrogen in the form of FYM + 75 per cent through urea + Azotobacter and were at par with each other.
Development of novel flame‐retardant thermosets based on boron‐modified phenol–formaldehyde resins

Boron-containing novolac resins were prepared through the modification of a commercial novolac resin with different contents of bis(benzo-1,3,2-dioxaborolanyl) oxide. Their thermal and flame-retardant properties were measured. Then, they were crosslinked with hexamethylenetetramine, and their thermal, thermodynamomechanical, and flame-retardant properties were evaluated. Their modification degree was related to the segmental motion of the materials. The crosslinking of the boron-modified novolac resins with hexamethylenetetramine was slower and not as extensive as that of commercial novolac resins because the nitrogen from intermediate species coordinated with boron. The thermal degradation of the boron-containing novolac resins generated boric acid at high temperatures and gave an intumescent char that slowed the degradation and prevented it from being complete. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3503–3512, 2006
Comparative Analysis of the Volatile Components in the Fresh Roots and Rhizomes of Curcuma wenyujin by Static Headspace Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Static headspace GC-MS method coupled with H/D exchange was firstly developed to determine and identify the volatile components in the fresh root and rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin. The TIC chromatograms of 3 batches of fresh roots harvested at different time showed significant difference in the volatile components:the constitution was the same but the content of them was different. More than 60 volatile components in fresh roots (Root of C. wenyujin) and rhizomes (Rhizome of C. wenyujin) of C. wenyujin were detected, of which 51 and 48 volatile components were identified respectively. The fresh roots and rhizomes of C. wenyujin were found to have the similar volatile components. The contents of these components were calibrated by the response of β-elemene. In addition, the principal active component, β-elemene, was further confirmed and relatively quantified by its standard. γ-terpinene showed obvious allylic hydrogen/deuterium exchange using deuterium oxide which gave a new method to identify some compounds containing allylic hydrogen. At the same time, the active hydrogen compounds were also further confirmed. The results show that HS-GC-MS method is a fast, simple and efficient way for the analysis of volatile components from medical plants.
Développement d’une méthode d’extraction des contaminants émergents dans les solides particulaires par LDTD-APCI-MS/MS

We developed a protocol to quantify 12 emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals and hormones) and pesticides extracted from suspended particulate matter (SPM) of river water and municipal wastewaters samples. The separation of suspended solids was carried out through filtration of water samples. We tested a series of 6 different filter types. The effect of filtration on the concentrations of dissolved contaminants was evaluated in order to minimize losses of target compounds. The river bottom sediments samples were lyophilized and both SPM and sediment samples were subjected to ultrasonic extraction combined with C18 cartridge clean-up. Quantifications were realized using mass spectrometry. The overall method recoveries of all compounds ranged from 38 to 112 % in all studied matrix, poor recoveries were achieved for sulfamethoxazole and diclofenac (recoveries for all other compounds in the WWTP samples ranged from 68 to 111%). The detection limits in sediments and SPM from river samples for the 12 analytes varied from 0.7 to 9.4 ng g -1 and from 21 to 92 ng g -1 for WWTP SPM samples. All target emerging contaminants were detected with concentrations ranging from 3 to 5440 ng g -1 in the studied matrices, with the highest concentrations observed in WWTP SPM samples. A significant portion of some of those contaminants is clearly associated with bottom sediments or suspended particulates. Optimization of water treatment processes and environmental fate must absolutely consider the fraction of contaminants which is particulate-bound if one hopes to have a reasonable mass balance.
Protein Folding Intermediates and Pathways Studied by Hydrogen Exchange

▪ Abstract In order to solve the immensely difficult protein-folding problem, it will be necessary to characterize the barriers that slow folding and the intermediate structures that promote it. Although protein-folding intermediates are not accessible to the usual structural studies, hydrogen exchange (HX) methods have been able to detect and characterize intermediates in both kinetic and equilibrium modes—as transient kinetic folding intermediates on a subsecond time scale, as labile equilibrium molten globule intermediates under destabilizing conditions, and as infinitesimally populated intermediates in the high free-energy folding landscape under native conditions. Available results consistently indicate that protein-folding landscapes are dominated by a small number of discrete, metastable, native-like partially unfolded forms (PUFs). The PUFs appear to be produced, one from another, by the unfolding and refolding of the protein's intrinsically cooperative secondary structural elements, which can spo.
FORMULATION AND STORAGE STABILITY OF BETA CAROTENE ENRICHED VITAMIN D3 AND OMEGA 3 FORTIFIED COLD PRESSED VIRGIN COCONUT OIL

Objective: The general objective of this study is to formulate beta carotene enriched, vitaminD3 and omega 3 fortified Cold Pressed Virgin Coconut Oil (CPVCO) and to analyze proximate composition and shelf life of beta carotene, vitaminD3 and omega 3 enriched CPVCO. Methods: The CPVCO was prepared out of fresh full fat coconut flakes by cold pressed method. Vitamin D3, beta carotene, Cold Pressed Flax Seed Oil (CPFSO) and orange oil were added to CPVCO and carefully homogenized for 15 to 30 minutes. Formulated oil was packed in High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) bottles and stored at room temperature. The shelf life study of this oil was carried out for a period of 10 months. Results: The proximate compositions of formulated CPVCO with Vitamin D3, β- carotene and CPFSO with regard to the proportion of fatty acids caprylic acid, myristic acid, steric acid, palmitic acid were all within the recommended standard limits in accordance APCC standard for formulated CPVCO. Whereas, lauric acid and capric acid were found to be slightly differ from APCC standard. However, the comparison of oil was concerned, the original CPVCO was amounting to 88.5% and the remaining were 10% of CPFSO and 1.5% orange oil. In accordance with APCC (Asian and Pacific Coconut Committee), the microbial load and peroxide value of CPVCO were within safe limits up to 10 months. Conclusion: In the present study, it was demonstrated that CPVCO was a suitable medium for producing value added functional oil. Apart from being healthy oil, CPVCO may also be used as a nutraceutical product.
Ammonia volatilization from freshwater fish ponds

This study evaluated ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions to the atmosphere from fishpond waters and uneaten, floating feed. Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were stocked at 550 pond -1 in four, 400-m 2 ponds at the Auburn University Fisheries Research (AUFRU), Auburn, AL, on 30 May 1997. Feed (28% crude protein), prepared as floating pellets was applied daily. Ponds were harvested between 7 and 9 Oct. 1997. Ammonia traps were placed in ponds on a weather vane sampler. Ammonia emissions were measured from June through September 1997. In addition, NH 3 volatilization from wetted catfish feed was measured in a laboratory experiment. Average NH 3 volatilization from ponds ranged between 8.8 to 71.0 mg NH 3 -N m 2 d -1 , and averaged 3.75% of total NH 3 nitrogen (TAN) concentration in water. Positive linear correlations were found between the amount of feed applied and TAN concentration in the water and between TAN and NH 3 volatilization. Volatilization from wetted feed was not a major NH 3 loss to the atmosphere. The study suggested that 24 kg ha -1 of N were lost to the atmosphere between 23 June 1997 and 30 Sept. 1997 from ponds into which 158 kg ha -1 N were applied. In the USA, there are about 66 000 ha of catfish ponds. Extrapolation from this study suggests that 1584 t of NH 3 could volatilize from catfish ponds each summer.