Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immune checkpoint blockade for glioblastoma: Preclinical activity of single agent and combinatorial therapy.

2084 Background: Outcome for glioblastoma (GBM) remains dismal and innovative treatment strategies are desperately needed. Growing data support the contribution of local and systemic immune checkpoint molecules mediating immunosuppression by GBM tumors. Methods: Luciferized GL261 cells (GL261-Luc) were stereotactically implanted intracranially in albino C57BL/6 mice. Cohorts of mice with growing tumors (increasing bioluminescence) were treated with murine monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, and CTLA-4 (single agent and combinations) every 3 days X 8 beginning 6 days following tumor implantation and were followed for overall survival. Subsets of mice underwent MRI as well as analysis of tumor infiltrating immune cells, and systemic immune cells and immunocytokines. Tumor re-challenge experiments were performed among long-term surviving mice. Results: Immune checkpoint blockade was well tolerated with no apparent morbidity or mortality among treated animals. Improved survival was noted a.
Unexpected Share Repurchase Announcements

Abstract Open-market stock repurchase announcements are generally perceived by the stock market as a signal of firm undervaluation. Our study shows that repurchase announcements that were preceded by SEOs of other firms in the same industry within the prior six months (namely SEO-RPs) are more likely the result of lacking investment opportunities than signaling undervaluation, especially in concentrated industries. Specifically, we find investors response negatively to SEO-RP announcements while react positively to regular repurchase announcements. The higher the intensity of SEO activities in the industry, the more negative market reaction to SEO-RP announcements. We argue that the market doesn’t expect a repurchase announcement when other rival firms are raising more capital via SEOs. These SEO-RPs represent a negative surprise to the market and lead to a downward adjustment in value of the repurchasing firms in the announcement window. In the three-year post-announcement periods, the SEO-RP firms underperform regular repurchasing firms in both stock return and operating performance. Moreover, while regular repurchasing firms gradually increase their capital expenditures, SEO-RP firms significantly reduce their capital expenditures. These findings support our arguments that repurchase announcements that immediately follow SEOs of rival firms (SEO-RPs) more likely indicate the announcing firms entering a slower growth rate with fewer investment opportunities than signal the undervaluation problem. The underperformance in stock return and operation combined with a significant reduction in capital expenditures in the post-announcement periods are consistent with this logic and also explain why the market reacts negatively to SEO-RP announcements.
Cadastral appraisal of lands: agricultural aspect

A methodology for information preparation for cadastral valuation of agricultural lands is proposed. The methodology was tested during agricultural lands appraisal in Samara Region. The current results were compared to previous ones. Average variation in the region between maximum and minimum yields in districts is 1.95, given that the maximum variation is 2.58 (Yelkhovsky District) and the minimum is 1.44 (Bogatovsky District). In 6 districts the ranking created based on ‘cadastral appraisal’ indicator does not coincide with rankings based on other indicators. Though in 21 districts both rankings are in line with each other.
Work climate drivers and employee heterogeneity

Abstract We examined how sociodemographic variables affect the relationship between work climate constructs (motivation, satisfaction, and loyalty) and work climate drivers (empowerment, image, leadership, pay, and work conditions) in the banking sector. We implemented a partial least squares structural equation model to test the general model and then tested heterogeneity using the multi-group parametric test and Pathmox analysis to determine how employee groups were segmented in the structural model. Our results show that empowerment has the greatest impact on work climate and that not all employees respond in the same way to different work climate drivers. As sources of heterogeneity, we identified three groups of employees, namely, executives, senior employees, and junior employees, finding that leadership is important in defining the loyalty of junior employees, whereas work conditions are crucial for senior employees and executives. While pay is one of the most important corporate tools for attracting, retaining, and motivating younger talent, we found that it becomes less relevant as employees ascend the company hierarchy. Our findings provide interesting insight into how companies might customize human resource management strategies according to different employee profiles.
Tax-Induced Earnings Management and Book-Tax Conformity: International Evidence from Unconsolidated Accounts

We quantify the degree of tax-induced earnings management associated with statutory tax rates and examine whether greater book-tax conformity alters this particular type of earnings management. We first validate a new empirical approach for examining tax-induced earnings management using European unconsolidated financial and ownership information over 2005-2013. We provide robust evidence of significant tax-induced earnings management in both domestic and multinational firms. In particular, the results suggest that a 10 percentage point increase in the corporate tax rate relates to an 8.2 percent decrease in pre-tax book income. We then document that firms in countries with greater book-tax conformity engage in additional tax-induced earnings management. This is important given that it contrasts with prior literature, which does not find an effect for book-tax conforming transactions with a change in conformity.
Smernice za odkrivanje in zdravljenje osteoporoze

Osteoporozni zlomi so pomemben vzrok invalidnosti in smrti. Ce jih želimo ucinkovito prepreciti, moramo zdraviti posameznike z visokim tveganjem za zlom. To so v prvi vrsti bolnice in bolniki po osteoporoznem zlomu vretenca ali kolka, pri katerih je pred uvedbo zdravljenja potrebno le se izkljuciti sekubdarne vzroke osteoporoze. Pri drugih ženskah po menopavzi in moskih po petdesetem letu se odlocimo za ali proti zdravljenju na podlagi njihovega tveganja za osteoporozne zlome. Tveganje za zlom v tej populaciji lahko ocenimo s pomocjo klinicnih dejavnikov, ki jih vnesemo v racunalniski algoritem FRAX, ali pa na podlagi meritve mineralne kostne gostote, pri cemer moramo pri interpretaciji izvida upostevati tudi starost in spol preiskovanca. Zdravljenje osteoporoze zahteva zdrav življenjski slog brez pretiranega vnosa alkohola in kajenja. Prehrana mora biti bogata s kalcijem in z beljakovinami. Redna telesna vadba ugodno ucinkuje na kosti, pa tudi na misice, in na preprecevanje padcev. Obvezen je dodatek vitamina D. Zdravila dokazano zmanjsajo tveganje za osteoporozne zlome. Izbiramo lahko med vec zaviralci razgradnje kosti, kot so estrogeni, bisfosfonati, raloksifen in denosumab. Teriparatid je anabolno zdravilo, ki pospesuje gradnjo kosti, medtem ko stroncijev ranelat ugodno deluje na oba procesa kostne prenove.
Observation of Birth Weight of Babies in relation on maternal age, parity and gestational age in Tertiary Level Hospital

Background: Birth weight of an infant is the most important determi nant of its chances of survival, healthy growth, and develop ment. It depends on many maternal factors. Maternal age, parity and gestational age have been shown to increase the risk of adverse neonatal outcome, such as intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, mortality and low birth weight. Objective: This study was planned to observe the incidence of low birth weight baby and to correlate the maternal age, parity and gestational age on birth weight of babies. Methodology: It was a retrospective study. Data were collected from medical records. Total 2850 live births new born baby were enrolled in this study during the period January 2013 to December 2018 in Ibn Sina medical college and hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh with inclusion criteria. The weights of the newborns were measured without clothes on a digital weighing scale soon after the birth. Parameters such as birth weight, gender of baby, maternal age, parity and gestational age of the mother were noted. Data were analyzed statistically. Results: 52.99% baby was male and 47.01% were female. Low birth weight baby were 33.3% in the age group of less than 18 years of aged mother. With increasing the age of mother, birth weight of babies increase. Primipara mother delivered 15.52% low birth weight baby and 84.48% normal birth weight baby. With increasing parity birth weight of baby increased. The birth weight of <2.5 kg was 19.27% and 80.73% baby’s birth weight >2.5 kg in mother more than 37 weeks of gestation. Baby born by 35-37 weeks of gestation had 27.69% low birth weight and 72.31% were normal birth weight. Incidence of low birth weight was 79.3% and normal birth weight 20.7% found by 32-34 weeks of gestation.
Resolving a clinical case of sarcoptic mange infestation in a dromederi camel

Sarcoptic mange caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var cameli in one humped-camels (Camelus dromedarius) is considered to be one of the most economically important zoonotic and epizootic disease. A three and half year old male camel was presented with a history of weakness, loss of body condition, severe itching, pruritis and rubbing body against the wall and objects from last one week. Clinical examination revealed alopecia, erythma with dry rough hair coat with crust formation most evident on limbs and back but lesions are present all over the body surface. Skin scraping revealed the presence of mite Sarcoptes scabiei thus diagnosing the case of sarcoptic mange infestation in camel. Treatment with Inj. Ivermectin (Ivomec) @ 0.02 mg/kg subcutaneously weekly for 5 weeks, Inj. Pheniramine maleate (Avil) 10 ml I/M with supportive oral vitamin and mineral supplement (Vetagin) 30 grams once daily for one month with marked clinical improvement.
High-Frequency Deep Sclerotomy, A Minimal Invasive Ab Interno Glaucoma Procedure Combined with Cataract Surgery: Physical Properties and Clinical Outcome

Background: The efficiency and safety of primary open-angle glaucoma with high-frequency deep sclerotomy (HFDS) combined with cataract surgery has to be investigated. Methods: Right after cataract surgery, HFDS was performed ab interno in 205 consecutive patients with open angle glaucoma. HFDS was performed with a custom-made high-frequency disSection 19 G probe (abee tip 0.3 × 1 mm, Oertli Switzerland). The bipolar current with a frequency of 500 kHz is applied. The nasal sclera was penetrated repetitively six times through the trabecular meshwork and consecutively through Schlemm’s canal. Every time, a pocket of 0.3 mm high and 0.6 mm width was created. Results: Mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 24.5 ± 2.1 mmHg (range 21 to 48 mmHg). After 48 months, the follow up average IOP was 15.0 ± 1.7 mmHg (range 10 to 20 mmHg). Postoperative IOP has been significantly reduced compared to preoperative IOP for all studied cases (p < 0.001). After 48 months, the target IOP less than 21 mmHg reached in 84.9%. No serious complications were observed during the surgical procedure itself and in the postoperative period. Conclusions: HFDS is a minimally invasive procedure. It is a safe and efficacious surgical technique for lowering IOP combined with cataract surgery.
On the influence of microstructural features of Linear Friction Welding and Electron Beam Additive manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V on tensile and fatigue mechanical properties

Linear friction welding (LFW) is a solid state joining process that offers the advantage of producing aircraft components with less initial raw material. Usually, aircraft components are machined from oversized ingots to obtain the final product. This process allows the use of not-oversized ingots for welding them together to form the same final component. In addition, the inherent solid state nature of the process, eliminates all problems associated to solidification. Various efforts have been made to evaluate such microstructure development and tensile properties associated on Ti-6Al-4V, but they have been focused on the general microstructure and not on the individual developed zones. In this study, tensile test evaluation on individual LFW zones determined yield strength of the Welded Zone (WZ) and the Thermo-mechanical Affected Zone (TMAZ) of 20 and 13% respectively greater than the Parent Material (PM) zone. Qualitative description of unindexed fraction on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps and kernel average misorientations maps (KAM) suggested a strain hardening mechanism acting. Fatigue properties are also important for aircraft components, but due to the small size of the LFW zones a conventional fatigue test was not possible. Therefore, a new ultrasonic fatigue bending test was designed using the finite element commercial package COMSOL Multiphysics. Specific predictions on resonant frequency, shape and dimensions of specimens to evaluate individual features of a larger size than LFW such as electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM-Ti-6Al-4V) were given. Finally, conventional fatigue tests on EBAM-Ti-6Al4V specimens, showed the better performance of microstructure A compared with B under
Genomic sequencing in severe epilepsy: a step closer to precision medicine

ABSTRACT Introduction: The large number of different syndromes and seizure types, together with an inter-individual variable response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), makes the treatment of epilepsy challenging. Areas covered: Early infantile Epileptic encephalopathies (EIEE) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders consisting of early-onset refractory seizures often accompanied by important developmental delay or regression. The last two decades have seen major advancement in the diagnosis of epilepsy thanks both to modern neuroimaging but, primarily, to new methods in molecular genetics and gene sequencing. The application of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques has already helped to understand the genetic diversity and underlying pathogenic mechanisms in severe epilepsy of childhood. Furthermore, the use of Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) in parent–offspring trios has also helped to identify de novo mutations in patients with EIEE. Tailored treatments are already applicable in some monogenic epilepsy, but these are a minority of cases. Expert commentary: In our opinion, the future of epilepsy treatment will be multidisciplinary and possibly very different from the currently almost empiric approach and we are confident that a ‘precision medicine’ will be applicable on large scale.
Information Transfer in Libraries and Information Centers: Role of Communication

Libraries and Information Centers (ICs) are points for rendering information services to their users. Likewise communication is vital for any human interactive accomplishment. This paper seeks to bring forth the role of communication in information transfer in Libraries and Information Centers. This is done by examining the term communications, its goals and importance as well as the Shannon-Weaver model and the communication process. It applied the communication process of information transfer to Libraries and ICs. Subsequently, it concludes by exposing the role of communication in information transfer to ensuring that the objectives and goals of libraries and ICs are effectively delivered.Keywords: Libraries and Information Centres, Communication, Communication Process, Information Transfer.
Transients following the loss of detonation confinement

We present a theory for the evolution of a one-dimensional, steady-state detonation reaction zone to a two-dimensional reaction zone, when the explosive experiences a sudden loss of side-on confinement as a boundary of the explosive is impulsively withdrawn. Our focus is on condensed-phase explosives, which we describe as having a constant adiabatic gamma equation of state and an irreversible, state-independent reaction rate. We consider two detonation models: (i) the instantaneous reaction heat release Chapman–Jouguet (CJ)-limit and (ii) the spatially resolved reaction heat-release Zel’dovich–von Neumann–Döring (ZND) model, in the limit where only a small fraction of the energy release is resolved (the SRHR-limit). Two competing rarefaction waves are generated by this loss of confinement: (i) a smooth wave coming off the full length of the withdrawn boundary and (ii) a singular fan spreading out from the point where the detonation shock and the withdrawn boundary meet. For the CJ-limit, in all cases the singular rarefaction fan eventually dominates the competition to control the steady-state behaviour. For the SRHR-limit, the spatially resolved heat release moderates this competition. When the withdrawal speed is fast, the rarefaction fan dominates; when the withdrawal speed is slower, the smooth rarefaction eventually dominates, although the flow features a fan at early times. By examining the mathematical properties of the steady two-dimensional fan-based solution, we set down a mechanism for this transition in behaviours.
Risk Preferences and Economic Shocks: Experimental Evidence

We demonstrate in our experiment that an exogenous shock does not lead to increasing risk aversion, and has ultimately no significant impact on investors’ risk preference in general. To do so, we keep subjects’ risk and return expectations fixed and focus solely on loss in wealth. As a theoretical framework, we use the expected utility approach and take the class of HARA-utility functions to analyse subjects’ preferences. Particularly, our methodical approach affords insights into the impact of economic fluctuations on investors’ risk-taking and the measurement of risk preferences per se. We conclude that cautious investment behavior after an economic crisis might rather be due to changes in the perception of risk and return. Moreover, we give evidence that, in general, it is not sufficient to explain investors’ risk-taking solely by preferences.
Profiling of essential oil chemical composition of some Lamiaceae species extracted using conventional and microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation extraction methods via chemometrics tools

This study investigated the potential use of microwave energy as an effective technique for the extraction of essential oil (EO) from some plant species belonging to Lamiaceae family growing in Egypt, involving Origanum majorana L. , Mentha pipereta L. , Mentha longifolia L. , Origanum syriacum L. , Lavandula angustifolia L. , Rosmarinus officinalis L. , and Thymus vulgaris L. , in comparison with conventional extraction using hydrodistillation (HD) approach, in terms of extraction time, oil yields, and chemical composition. The results showed that the use of microwave in a relevant technique, namely microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) required an extraction of 60 minutes, while HD required 180 minutes. In general, EO yield being extracted by MAHD was higher than those extracted by HD. Gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis indicated noticeable quantitative changes in EOs composition extracted by MAHD and HD extraction methods. Except for O majorana L. , GC/MS analysis of extracted oils using MAHD showed higher amounts of oxygenated constituents compared to HD extraction. The results of this study introduced MAHD as rapid, economical and environmental friendly extraction method. A comparative analysis was stated here between the EOs of all plant species under study on chemometric tools such as principal components analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). In general, the PCA results showed that there is significant variation between species in the quality and quantity of EO composition. However, no significant difference is observed based on the extraction method used (HD and MAHD).
Effects of lignin structure and solvent on the formation rate of quinone methide under alkaline conditions

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine how differences in the type of aromatic nucleus, side-chain structure and type of solvent affect the formation rate of quinone methide (QM) in the alkaline reaction of lignin. The reaction was done at a NaOH concentration of 1.0 mol l−1 and temperature of 75–140°C under an anaerobic condition. The formation rates of QM were in the order: syringyl > guaiacyl > p-hydroxyphenyl, when model compounds with lignin-type aromatic nuclei were compared. This and other results on various phenolic compounds suggested that the formation of QM is rapid from compounds having a high electron density in the aromatic π-electron system. The formation of QM was faster from a C6-C2-type than from a C6-C1-type lignin model compound, which was attributed to the fact that QM is an alkene and hence more stable when an unsaturated carbon in QM has an alkyl substituent, like the C6-C2-type compound. When aqueous 1,4-dioxane solutions with different 1,4-dioxane contents were used, the formation of QM became slower with increasing 1,4-dioxane content. This can be explained by the variation in the negative charge density in the rate-determining step, where the density is larger at the transition than at the initial state and consequently the activation energy is lower in a solvent with higher polarity.
Identification and quantification of surfactin, a nonvolatile lipopeptide in Moutai liquor

ABSTRACT Surfactin as a nonvolatile cyclic lipopeptide has attracted great attention over the past few decades. This work focused on identification, quantification, and tracing of surfactin in Moutai liquor by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. Our results showed that surfactin was mainly produced in Daqu making stage and stacking fermentation stage, and it increased to 1421 ± 22 μg kg–1 in the liquor fermentation stage. In addition, five strains of Bacillus spp. (MT1-MT5) were isolated from Daqu to produce surfactin, and the highest surfactin production reached to 51 ± 1 mg L–1. Therefore, Bacillus spp. played an important role in the production of surfactin. This work detected surfactin in Chinese liquor, and analyzed the concentration during the liquor fermentation. This work would facilitate the research in nonvolatile compounds of distilled liquor and shed new light on flavor–omics in Chinese liquor. Graphical Abstract