Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Happiness and Spiritual Well-being in Students in Iran

Background: Ensuring individuals’ health and well-being has always been important in all societies, and its promotion is considered one of the essential factors in the development of any country. Hence, this study examined the association between happiness and spiritual well-being (SWB) in students. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 376 students who were selected by stratified simple random sampling from Hamadan universities in Iran in June 2020. A threepart questionnaire, including a socio-demographic questionnaire, Oxford Happiness Inventory, and SWB questionnaires was used to collect the data. The SPSS software (version 23) was then employed to analyze the data, and the significance level was considered at P<0.001. Results: Based on the results, the mean (±standard deviation) scores of happiness and SWB were 36.73±17.63 and 90.87±16.96, respectively. In addition, there was a significant correlation between SWB and the total and happiness dimensions (P<0.001). Furthermore, the simple linear regression analysis results revealed that the students’ SWB (β=0.203, P<0.001) is a predictor of happiness. Conclusion: In general, students’ happiness and SWB were at a moderate level. Therefore, designing and implementing spirituality-based educational interventions to improve the students’ happiness could be helpful.
Developing a financial literacy scale for Arab context: A case of university students

The present study develops a tool to measure financial literacy in the era of the post-COVID-19 pandemic while recognizing the challenges and changes posed by the pandemic. Investigating and validating it in the Arab context that lacked such measurement and a dire need for further exploration. It employed new financial concepts that emerged during and post-COVID-19 (e.g., e-wallet, emergency funds), besides adjusting some items from previous instruments (e.g., Yanto et al., 2021; Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development [OECD], 2019). An electronic questionnaire was distributed among Jordanian universities students. 507 valid responses were retained. Of the sample, females, employed students, bachelor’s degrees, and business and social science majors represent 51.7 percent, 36 percent, 78.5 percent, and 36.3 percent, respectively. A quantitative approach was conducted using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) via AMOS-SEM to validate the robustness of the model. The findings revealed that the EFA demonstrated 11 items with three factors retained for measuring financial literacy (FL) (knowledge, practice, and skills) agree with (Baistaman et al., 2020). Based on the CFA result, the model fits the indexes (CMIN/DF = 2.369, CFI = 0.985, GFI = 0.966, RMSEA = 0.052). Th developed tool is approved in its context, and it would assist policymakers in obtaining information necessary to enhance government strategies, namely, the National Financial Inclusion Strategy.
Evaluation of Performances of Cowpea (Vigna ungiculata) Genotypes in Agronomy Farm of Lamjung Campus

Seed to seed production experiments for cowpea (Vigna ungiculata) was conducted at Agronomy farm at IAAS Lamjung, and to compare production potentialities of given cowpea genotypes under the given sets of conditions. The treatment consists of two cowpea varieties viz. Prakash (Standard Check) and Malepatan (Local check) and four genotypes; IT 99K-573-2-1, IT 86F-2062-5, IT 93K-452-1, IT 98K-205-8. The experiment was conducted on RCBD design. All other activities were carried out according to prepared working calendar almost from August 2016 to December 2016. Data collection were done for pre-determined growth and other yield parameters and was analyzed using MSTAT. Major parameters were Grain yield, Seeds/plant, Pods/plant, plant height, pod length, harvest index and test weight. Result shows maximum grain yield and harvest index was found for Prakash (Standard Check). Plant height and Pods /Plant was found highest for IT 99K-573-2-1. Similarly highest seed weight was found for Prakash (Standard Check) and Seeds/Plant and Pod length was maximum for IT 86F-2062-5. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(3): 382-385
High-throughput sequencing reveals the structure and metabolic resilience of desert microbiome confronting climate change

Introduction Desert ecosystems harbor a unique microbial diversity that is crucial for ecological stability and biogeochemical cycles. An in-depth understanding of the biodiversity, compositions, and functions of these microbial communities is imperative to navigate global changes and confront potential threats and opportunities applicable to agricultural ecosystems amid climate change. Methods This study explores microbial communities in the rhizosphere and endosphere of desert plants native to the Arabian Peninsula using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 hypervariable region). Results Our results reveal that each microbial community has a diverse and unique microbial composition. Based on alpha and beta diversity indices, the rhizosphere microbiome is significantly diverse and richer in microbial taxa compared to the endosphere. The data reveals a shift towards fast-growing microbes with active metabolism, involvement in nutrient cycling, nitrogen fixation, and defense pathways. Our data reveals the presence of habitat-specific microbial communities in the desert, highlighting their remarkable resilience and adaptability to extreme environmental conditions. Notably, we observed the existence of radiation-resistant microbes such as Deinococcus radiotolerans, Kocuria sp. , and Rubrobacter radiotolerans which can tolerate high levels of ionizing radiation. Additionally, examples of microbes exhibiting tolerance to challenging conditions include Nocardioides halotolerans, thriving in high-salinity environments, and hyperthermophilic microbes such as Quasibacillus thermotolerans. Moreover, functional analysis reveals enrichment in chaperon biosynthesis pathways associated with correct protein folding under heat stress conditions. Discussion Our research sheds light on the unique diversity of desert microbes and underscores their potential applications to increase the resilience of agriculture ecosystems, offering a promising strategy to fortify crops against the challenges posed by climate change, ultimately supporting sustainable food production for our ever-expanding global population.
Evaluation of novel compounds as anti-bacterial or anti-virulence agents

Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat, leading to an alarming increase in the prevalence of bacterial infections that can no longer be treated with available antibiotics. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2050 up to 10 million deaths per year could be associated with antimicrobial resistance, which would equal the annual number of cancer deaths worldwide. To overcome this emerging crisis, novel anti-bacterial compounds are urgently needed. There are two possible approaches in the fight against bacterial infections: a) targeting structures within bacterial cells, similar to existing antibiotics; and/or b) targeting virulence factors rather than bacterial growth. Here, for the first time, we provide a comprehensive overview of the key steps in the evaluation of potential new anti-bacterial and/or anti-virulence compounds. The methods described in this review include: a) in silico methods for the evaluation of novel compounds; b) anti-bacterial assays (MIC, MBC, Time-kill); b) anti-virulence assays (anti-biofilm, anti-quorum sensing, anti-adhesion); and c) evaluation of safety aspects (cytotoxicity assay and Ames test). Overall, we provide a detailed description of the methods that are an essential tool for chemists, computational chemists, microbiologists, and toxicologists in the evaluation of potential novel antimicrobial compounds. These methods are cost-effective and have high predictive value. They are widely used in preclinical studies to identify new molecular candidates, for further investigation in animal and human trials.
WR21 marine gas turbine thermodynamic simulator for ship propulsion studies

An original modular mathematical model, based on physical laws, for steady state and dynamics performance simulation of the WR21 gas turbine is presented in the paper. The model, developed in Matlab-Simulink language, is organized in modular form. Each gas turbine component (i.e. compressor, turbine, combustor, heat exchanger) is modelled in a specific simulator block, that simulates the performance of its pertinent component by means of steady state performance maps and/or correlations, time dependent momentum, energy and mass equations, nonlinear algebraic equations. The great application flexibility of the component simulator modules, allows to modelling any gas turbine layout (i.e. axial or radial flow compressor and turbine, rotating shafts number, heat exchangers). The WR21gas turbine, developed mainly for marine propulsion application, is a three shafts gas turbine with thermal regeneration. It is characterized by a high thermodynamic efficiency, which remains high up to 30% of the design power. The WR21 simulator results are validated by comparison with manufacturer or literature data. The WR21 gas turbine main performances are compared to those of the LM 2500 gas turbine, obtained by a previously author paper. The LM 2500 is the gas turbine currently most used in naval propulsion plants. In the article, a comparison between the steady state working data of the two gas turbines is reported in tabular and graphical form and commented.
Comparison of Some Land Suitability Evaluating Methods for a Selected Gypsiferous Part in the Northern Karma Region for Irrigated Agriculture

To compare the efficiency of three systems to evaluate the suitability of Gypsiferous land for irrigated agriculture, an area of 8885.4 hectares was selected in the Tharthar region – Iraq within the Euphrates terrace, which formed at Pleistocene period and mainly consisted of gypsum, the study included a semi-detailed survey of the area's soil using the Free-lance method, by selecting three parallel transects, according to the variations in texture class, soil salinity and content of gypsum, five representative pedons locations were identified and morphologically described, also soil samples from each horizon were obtained, as well as we obtained water samples from the Euphrates river-Tharthar canal and every wells located in the study area, it's transferred to the laboratory and the required analyzes were performed. The result showed the predominance of the medium soil texture class and slightly saline soil class (S1) in the study area, with a decrease in the soil carbonate content, on the contrary the soil gypsum content was increased. All wall waters was salinity, which poses a danger to agricultural use, compared to the water of the Euphrates river. A discrepancy was observed between the obtained land suitability classes. While the Sys and Verheye, 1972 system showed two poor suitability classes, Sys et al. 1991 and Al-Baji et al. 2010 has improved the appropriateness of the varieties, but the Kadhim, 2012 system was the best in terms of application in order to include the quality of irrigation water within the classification, so its results were more close to the reality diagnosed during the field visits to the study area and the questionnaire from the land users of the region
First record of the Asian freshwater fish Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) from Lake Bracciano (Central Italy)

The presence of the cyprinid Pseudorasbora parva is here reported for the first time in Lake Bracciano (Central Italy), a dormant volcanic lake not connected to other water bodies. The lake, historically classified as oligo-mesotrophic, has a surface area of 57 km 2 and its maximum depth is 165 m. Pseudorasbora parva specimens were first collected during a fish community survey in 2017 and again in 2022. Their total length and body weight ranged from 21 and 81 mm and from 0.25 and 6.43 g, respectively. Since Lake Bracciano is not part of a system of connected water bodies, this record could be evidence of at least a translocation event prior to the first record of 2017, suggesting the need for additional studies and measures to deal with the spread of this invasive species.
Kinematics and dynamics of the Pamir, Central Asia: Quantifying surface deformation and force balance in an intracontinental subduction zone

Kinematic and dynamic models quantify deformation and force balance in the Pamir, a region undergoing the rare and poorly understood process of intracontinental subduction. We constrain a detailed kinematic model with 506 recent GPS velocities and Quaternary fault slip rates and show that the Pamir is organized like the Himalaya and Tibet, with regions of (1) localized strain rate ≥100e‐9/year along the Pamir Frontal Thrust System (the subduction interface), similar to the Himalaya, and (2) distributed north‐south compression and east‐west extension, similar to Tibet. Through standard thin viscous sheet methods we demonstrate that the lithospheric force balance in the Pamir is a combination of stresses caused by gravitational potential energy and India‐Eurasia convergence accommodated at a subduction interface, in this case the Pamir Frontal Thrust System. We find that strain rate and deviatoric stress patterns near the Pamir Frontal Thrust System are characteristic of a mature subduction zone, despite its initiation in continental lithosphere. Although the Pamir and Tibet are kinematically and dynamically similar, the Pamir is stiffer overall than Tibet, perhaps due to the presence of the highly arcuate, geometrically stiffened continental slab at depth.
Source and Fate of Dissolved Black Carbon in the Western South China Sea During the Southwest Monsoon Prevailing Season

Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is of importance for understanding the marine carbon cycle especially on long time scales owing to its refractory nature in the dissolved organic carbon pool. However, its geochemical behavior is poorly understood in the open oceans due to limited DBC data. Here 86 seawater samples were determined using the benzene‐polycarboxylic acid method to investigate the source and fate of DBC in the western South China Sea. The DBC concentration varied from 0.49 to 1.60 μmol L−1, averaging 0.95 μmol L−1. Spatially, the Mekong River plume (i.e., MR plume) showed higher DBC concentrations and (B6CA + B5CA)/(B4CA + B3CA) ratios (i.e., RH/L) in the mixed layer than the distal regions. In addition, the DBC concentration positively correlated with salinity in the mixed layer within the MR plume, indicating the important DBC input from the Mekong River. In intermediate water (500–1500 m), DBC varied from 0.70 to 0.85 μmol L−1 and the RH/L value continually increased with depth, implying another DBC source with distinct RH/L ratio comparing with the euphotic zone. Based on a conservative mixing model, the Mekong River and atmospheric deposition collectively input 38–100 Gg DBC each year, and over one third of DBC were removed within the euphotic zone, probably via photodegradation and/or adsorption on particles. These results highlighted the different DBC behavior in the euphotic and intermediate zones and lent support to DBC as a proxy for tracing water mixing in the intermediate and deep oceans.
UAS as an Inventory Tool: A Photogrammetric Approach to Volume Estimation

Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), also referred to as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) or remotely piloted vehicles (RPV), are associated with unmanned aircraft either controlled by a pilot on the ground or pre-programmed with specific flight paths. Small UASs have seen a massive increase in public interest in recent years as hobbyist platforms; they are, however, a potentially powerful tool in remote sensing and geospatial applications. Due to the increased availability of low-cost UAS, this technology could soon revolutionize many industries, including those that require volumetric estimation. Traditionally volumetric inventories have been performed with tape measurements, and in some instances where accuracy is of utmost importance, survey grade GPS and/or terrestrial light detection and ranging (LiDAR) equipment. UAS platforms can bridge a gap between traditional methods by providing accurate volume estimates quickly and efficiently along with valuable 3D digital data for a historical record. This project addressed this problem using photogrammetric techniques with an inexpensive UAS. Methods of data capture and post processing techniques were explored. Volumetric accuracies were assessed by comparing collected data against in situ reference measurements and engineering diagrams. The results show a promising future for UAS and photogrammetric volume estimation that is both cost and time efficient. Out of thirteen objects surveyed six had a relative error less than 5% and exhibited good quality 3D reconstruction. Of the remaining seven objects, four had a relative error greater than 15% and exhibited a very poor 3D reconstruction. The ability to accurately estimate volume is directly proportional to the quality of the 3D model with the highest quality scenes exhibiting the highest accuracy volume estimates. This project has demonstrated that when suitable circumstances are presented and 3D reconstruction is met with a high level of success, inexpensive UAS and photogrammetry present a powerful tool for performing volume estimation of many objects. Future efforts should include research into the optimization of equipment parameters as well as the effects and limitations of site conditions in order to improve 3D modeling and thus volume estimation.
A Functional Inequality and a New Class of Probabilities in the N-Person Red-and-Black Game

In this paper, we explore a model of an N-player, non-cooperative stochastic game, drawing inspiration from the discrete formulation of the red-and-black gambling problem, as initially introduced by Dubins and Savage in 1965. We extend upon the work of Pontiggia from 2007, presenting a main theorem that broadens the conditions under which bold strategies by all players can achieve a Nash equilibrium. This is obtained through the introduction of a novel functional inequality, which serves as a key analytical tool in our study. This inequality enables us to circumvent the restrictive conditions of super-multiplicativity and super-additivity prevalent in the works of Pontiggia and others. We conclude this paper with a series of illustrative examples that demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, notably highlighting its ability to accommodate a broader spectrum of probability functions than previously recognized in the existing literature.
Biomechanical Difference between Chronic Ankle Instability Individuals and Healthy Individuals during Landing on Flat, Inverted and Combined Surfaces

Lateral ankle sprains most frequently occurs during sports. Individuals who experienced a first time ankle sprain had a high reoccurrence rate and residual symptoms and functional instability leading to chronic ankle instability (CAI). The primary purpose of this study were to investigate kinematic and kinetic differences between CAI individuals and healthy subjects in single-leg drop landing on a flat surface, an inverted surface and a combined surface of inversion and plantarflexion. A total of 17 subjects (6 subjects with chronic ankle instability, 11 healthy subjects) performed five trails in each of four dynamic movement conditions of drop landing from a height of 30 cm onto a force plat form: double leg landing, single-leg drop landing on flat surface, inversion surface of 25 degrees and combined surfaces of 25 degrees of inversion and 25 degrees of plantarflexion. A nine-camera motion analysis system was used to capture the movement of dynamic testing. A 2 × 4 (ankle stability × surfaces) repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the variables for dynamic testing (p<0.05). The results showed that singleleg landing on inverted surface resulted in significantly greater peak inversion, peak inversion ROM and peak eversion moment. Greater peak lateral GRF, shorter time to peak lateral GRF, and peak vertical GRF and its loading rate coupled in single-leg landing on combined surface were found compared to landing on inverted surface. These results may suggest single-leg
Spectrophotometric method for determining the quantity and quality of DNA in animal breeding

In animal breeding, genetic methods have become the basis of breeding work and veterinary diagnostics. Therefore, their development and improvement is an actual direction of modern science. The aim of the presented work was to study the concentration and quality of nucleic acids obtained from venous blood of cattle for further genetic studies. For this purpose, a modified method of phenolchloroform extraction, adapted for DNA extraction from blood, with subsequent spectrometric determination of DNA concentration and assessment of its quality were applied. As a result of this research, it was found that the average concentration of genetic material isolated from animal blood was 146.5±14.98 ng/µl. The main part of samples – more than 93% contained concentration of nucleic acids in the range from 50 to 200 ng/µl. At the same time, the time interval between DNA extraction and its spectrometric determination of concentration and quality of genetic material by the ratio of optical density at A260/A280 wavelengths during a year did not have significant changes on its parameters. The used method of nucleic acid extraction in 94% allowed obtaining samples of good quality suitable for further genetic studies. A correlation of 43% (P<0.001) was obtained between the concentration of genetic material and its quality. The coefficients of repetition of intra-laboratory studies of the results of extraction and spectrometric analysis were at the level of 97% (P<0.001), which indicates that this method of obtaining nucleic acids is adapted for its use in animal husbandry. The use of this method of DNA extraction allows obtaining quality material from animals with minimal economic costs for its further use in genetic research
Impact of Large-Scale Dynamic versus Thermodynamic Climate Conditions on Contrasting Tropical Cyclone Genesis Frequency

AbstractSignificant advances have been made in understanding the key climate factors responsible for tropical cyclone (TC) activity, yet any theory that estimates likelihood of observed TC formation rates from mean climate states remains elusive. The present study investigates how the extremes of observed TC genesis (TCG) frequency during peak TC seasons are interrelated with distinct changes in the large-scale climate conditions over different ocean basins using the global International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) dataset and ERA-Interim for the period 1979–2014. Peak TC seasons with significantly high and low TCG frequency are identified for five major ocean basins, and their substantial spatial changes in TCG are noted with regionally distinct differences. To explore the possible climate link behind such changes, a suite of potentially relevant dynamic and thermodynamic climate conditions is analyzed. Results indicate that the observed changes in extreme TCG frequency are close.