Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concept Mapping, an Effective Tool for Long-Term Memorization of Anatomy—A Quasi-Experimental Research Carried out among 1st Year General Medicine Students

This study is part of a doctoral thesis conducted at the Faculty of Psychology of Babes-Bolyai University in collaboration with the University of Medicine, both from Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The starting point of the study was based on the eternal question of the medical student—“How should I learn to manage to retain so much information? ” This is how learning through conceptual maps and learning by understanding has been achieved. In the study, a number of 505 students from the Faculty of General Medicine were randomly selected and divided into groups, to observe changes in the grades they obtained when learning anatomy with the concept mapping method vs. traditional methods. Six months later, a retest was carried out to test long-term memory. The results were always in favor of the experimental group and were statistically significant (with one exception), most notably for the 6-month retesting. It was also observed that the language of teaching, different or the same as the first language, explains that exception, at least partially. Other results were taken into account, such as the distribution of bad and good grades in the two groups. Other parameters that influenced the obtained results and which explain some contradictory results in the literature are discussed. In conclusion, the use of conceptual maps is useful for most students, both for short and long-term memory.
Routes and mechanisms of embryonic hormone exposure and endocrine disruption in a viviparous lizard

The mechanisms of embryonic exposure to hormones in viviparous reptiles are speculative, despite detailed understanding of exposure in oviparous species and eutherian mammals. The yolk of oviparous species and the placenta of eutherian mammals are key sources of steroid to developing embryos. Importantly, most viviparous reptiles utilise a yolk and a placenta to support embryogenesis. Maternally-derived testosterone and oestradiol have major impacts on development. The yolk and the placenta are therefore both potential sources of testosterone and oestradiol to embryonic viviparous lizards, but this remains to be tested. Many endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) impair gonadal development by affecting testosterone and oestradiol concentrations. Some EDCs disrupt the activity of aromatase which catalyses the conversion of testosterone to oestradiol. Embryonic development can be affected either by alterations in maternal hormone concentrations or by direct exposure to EDCs. Embryonic viviparous reptiles are at particular risk due to the multiple routes of potential exposure. However, no study has examined the routes of embryonic exposure to EDCs or examined EDC effects in viviparous reptiles. The major aims of this study on the viviparous lizard, Niveoscincus metallicus, were to confirm that the yolk is a source of testosterone and oestradiol to developing embryos; to demonstrate the placenta and embryonic tissues as sites of aromatase; and to examine the effects of gestational exposure to two EDCs (diethylstilbestrol and the herbicide atrazine) on gonadal development. Yolks of N. metallicus were sampled from vitellogenesis through to the final stages of gestation. As in in oviparous reptiles, the yolk of N. metallicus contains testosterone and oestradiol, however, the stages at which the steroids decline are not comparable to oviparous species, as the placenta also provides steroid. Aromatase activity was measured in the placenta and embryonic tissues during three progressive stages of development. Placental aromatase activity was highest in the early stages of development, suggesting oestrogen synthesis in N. metallicus supersedes yolk reserves. The effects of oestrogenic EDCs on gonadal development were characterised by dosing gestating females with diethlystilbestrol at 100 or 10 μg/kg and examining the gonads of neonates. The effects of gestational exposure to a single dose of atrazine at 10 μg/kg on gonadal development were also characterised by examining the gonads of neonates. Diethlyslstilbestrol and atrazine disrupt gonadal development: by comparing the developmental effects observed from exposure to diethylstilbestrol and atrazine in males and females, I conclude that atrazine disrupts gonadal development in N. metallicus via increased aromatase activity. This thesis has expanded our understanding of the endocrine environment in which embryos of viviparous lizards develop, and has provided new evidence of the potential impacts of EDCs on viviparous vertebrates.
Can parapneumonic effusion be diagnosed only with pleural fluid analysis?

J Thorac Dis 2020;12(6):3422-3425 | http://dx.doi. org/10.21037/jtd.2020. 02.02 Pleural effusion is a common medical problem caused by local disease in the pleura or underlying lung, systemic conditions, and organ dysfunction (1). The major causes of pleural effusion are congestive heart failure, pneumonia, cancer, and tuberculosis (Tb) (2). Systemic and expeditious evaluation is essential because a delay in diagnosing infectious disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality (3). Infectious pleural effusion, called parapneumonic effusion, is the most common of exudative effusions (3). Although parapneumonic effusion can resolve with antibiotic treatment alone (uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion), a minority of patients undergo secondary bacterial infection of the pleural effusion leading to complicated parapneumonic effusion (4). Complicated parapneumonic effusions generally do not resolve without effusion drainage (4). Persistent pleural effusion can eventually result in the accumulation of pus in the pleural space (empyema) (4). Prevention of progression to complicated effusion can be aided by thoracentesis, if possible, for prompt diagnosis and treatment in patients at risk for parapneumonic effusion (5). Light’s criteria has remained the standard method for differentiating exudative effusion via the following findings: a ratio of pleural fluid protein to serum protein greater than 0.5, a ratio of pleural lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level to serum LDH level greater than 0.6, or a pleural fluid LDH level higher than 200 IU per liter (6). When pleural infection is suspected, microscopic examinations of Gram stain, culture, and pH should be performed. However, fluid culture is only positive in empyema, with a low reported sensitivity (18–60%) (4,7), and time to incubation was 24 to 72 hours (8). Pleural low pH (<7.2) and low glucose (<40 mg/dL) have been assessed as additional features of complicated parapneumonic effusion; however, the sensitivity of these markers is reported to be below 50% (9). As of now, there are no absolute criteria for the diagnosis of uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion. Table 1 suggest that the biochemical features of pleural fluid could assist the diagnostic process. Ferreiro and colleagues introduced a model for detecting pleural fluid infection using biomarkers in pleural fluids, including C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte count, percentage of neutrophils, and IL-6 (10). They evaluated patients having undergone thoracentesis between June 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016 (10). Of the 706 cases, 241 were malignant, 28 were tuberculous, 177 were infectious, 48 were miscellaneous exudative effusion, and 212 were transudative effusion (10). Ferreiro’s group developed a predictive model using logistic regression based on a combination of leukocyte count, neutrophil count, CRP, and IL-6 (10). The area under the curve (AUC) of Model 1 used leukocyte, neutrophil, and CRP values for an AUC of 0.898 (95% CI, 0.866–0.935), and Model 2 added IL-6 to Editorial Commentary
Evaluation of the toxicity of three plant extracts against the Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) under laboratory conditions

: is study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of aqueous, ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae), Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) and Rhazya stricta Decne (Apocynaceae) , against larvae of Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), feeding on wheat seeds aer 2, 4, and 6 days (d). ese plants commonly grow in arid and semi-arid conditions and may provide novel natural insecticides against larvae of T. granarium . Results showed that the plant extracts demonstrated varying levels of toxicities, with the acetonic extracts providing the greatest eﬃcacy. e acetonic extract of L. camara demonstrated a higher toxicity eﬀect, with LC 50 of 330.6 ppm (aer 2-d) and 110 ppm (6-d) , compared to 467 ppm (2-d) and 251 ppm (6-d) for R. stricta ; and 576 ppm (2-d) and 317 ppm (6-d) for R. chalepensis . Overall, toxicity of acetonic extracts was about 1.3 fold greater compared with that of aqueous or ethanolic extracts throughout the range of concentrations tested (50-400 ppm). e acetonic extracts required six days to achieve ≥ 80% mortality of larvae. In conclusion, this study suggests that the acetonic extract of L. camara, R. chalepensis and R. stricta could be used as a sustainable method for controlling Khapra beetle, pest of stored grains.
MRI surveillance of boys with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy identified by newborn screening: Meta‐analysis and consensus guidelines

Among boys with X‐Linked adrenoleukodystrophy, a subset will develop childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CCALD). CCALD is typically lethal without hematopoietic stem cell transplant before or soon after symptom onset. We sought to establish evidence‐based guidelines detailing the neuroimaging surveillance of boys with neurologically asymptomatic adrenoleukodystrophy.
Porosity Prediction of Granular Materials through Discrete Element Method and Back Propagation Neural Network Algorithm

Granular materials are used directly or as the primary ingredients of the mixtures in industrial manufacturing, agricultural production and civil engineering. It has been a challenging task to compute the porosity of a granular material which contains a wide range of particle sizes or shapes. Against this background, this paper presents a newly developed method for the porosity prediction of granular materials through Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) and the Back Propagation Neural Network algorithm (BPNN). In DEM, ball elements were used to simulate particles in granular materials. According to the Chinese specifications, a total of 400 specimens in different gradations were built and compacted under the static pressure of 600 kPa. The porosity values of those specimens were recorded and applied to train the BPNN model. The primary parameters of the BPNN model were recommended for predicting the porosity of a granular material. Verification was performed by a self-designed experimental test and it was found that the prediction accuracy could reach 98%. Meanwhile, considering the influence of particle shape, a shape reduction factor was proposed to achieve the porosity reduction from sphere to real particle shape.
Traffic, Air Pollution, and Distributional Impacts in Dar Es Salaam: A Spatial Analysis with New Satellite Data

Air pollution from vehicular traffic is a major source of health damage in urban areas. The problems of urban traffic and pollution are essentially geographic, because their incidence and impacts depend on the spatial distribution of economic activities, households, and transport links. This paper uses satellite images to investigate the spatial dynamics of vehicle traffic, air pollution, and exposure of vulnerable residents in the Dar es Salaam metro region of Tanzania. The results highlight significant impacts of seasonal weather (temperature, humidity, and wind-speed factors) on the spatial distribution and intensity of air pollution from vehicle emissions. These effects on the metro region's air quality vary highly by area. During seasons when weather factors maximize pollution, the worst exposure occurs in areas along the wind path of high-traffic roadways. The research identifies core areas where congestion reduction would yield the greatest exposure reduction for children and the elderly in poor households.
The research of the effect of different question forms and their combination variability on the results of testing

The purpose of the research was to identify and study the features of the effect of four questions forms and their combination in polymorphic test on the output indicators of secondary school students’ testing. In the study, conducted in the subject field of studying native (Ukrainian) language, took part students of 8th and 9th-grades (N=164). The tools (criterion-oriented author’s tests, questionnaire) and methods of results’ analysis (factor analysis, dispersion analysis, etc.) used in the research process, made it possible to prove the existence of the effect of factor “question form” on the test scores (impact power is up to 35%), and also to determine combination of question forms that is characterized by the highest diagnostic accuracy. Results of a study indicate that it is advisable to construct a polymorphic linguistic test. The combination of the multiple-choice questions with one correct answer with using the text and constructed-response questions can ensure the clarity of output indicators of testing (with the least effect of question forms on them), in case evenly balance of these questions in the test. The disadvantages of the study are pointed out and prospects for their continuation and deepening, connected with further study of the optimal empirically valid test structure, are substantiated.
Association between age at first calving and milk production in first lactation on longevity traits in Holstein cows

The objective of this research was to determine the association between age at first calving (AFC) and milk production in the first lactation of longevity traits for Holstein cows. The research was conducted on 2307 cows raised on 4 farms in AP Vojvodina. The cows were culled in the period from 2017 to 2018. The cows belonged to the group of Holstein Friesian breed of cattle. Cow longevity was observed using three parameters: number of lactations (NL), lifetime milk yield (LMY) and length of productive life (LPL). The research involved the influence of the farm on which the animals realized their production, the season of first calving. A mean value obtained for the length of productive life in the analysed population was 1207 days (3.30 years on average). During this period the animals on average realized 2.45 lactations and produced on average 18798 kg milk. All studied traits showed a high level of variability. From these data, the study sought to determine the influence of factors on the traits of longevity, our research present that studied factors showed high statistical significance on these traits except in the case of the season of first calving where a statistical significance effect wasn? t observed. The season of first calving did not affect the animal traits for longevity and, generally, didn? t affect the calving interval. Regarding the obtained correlation data between age at first calving and length of productive life, it can be concluded that belated AFC leads to reduced reproductive performance.
Online narratives about panic attacks: interpreted within a psychodynamic framework

ABSTRACT The objectives of the study were to investigate what individuals posting narratives on four online forums dedicated to the issue of panic attacks wanted to discuss and how they made meaning of their experiences related to panic. A narrative approach was used to analyze 208 posts sampled randomly. Online discussions were centered around attempts to uncover, and make sense of, the hidden meaning of panic attacks occurring unpredictably by linking events and experiences from the past and the present with emotional reactions. The onset of panic tended to be related to life transitions that interacted with relational issues of emotional commitment as well as with expectations of increased independence or with separation and loss. Dysfunctional attachments in childhood may impair the integration of affective and cognitive information leading to problems with the recognition and expression of affects. Online forums provide fresh avenues for exploring narration of sensitive topics from an inside perspective.
Weed suppression with Brassica green manure crops in green pea

Weed suppression in green pea was evaluated when green pea was planted after a fall planting of rapeseed, white mustard, rye, or wheat had been incorporated into the soil in spring. Tests were conducted at Mount Vernon, WA, in 1994 and 1995. Weed suppression in peas varied between different green manure crops. One month after planting, the highest weed population was in green pea following wheat, whereas the lowest was in green pea following rapeseed. Rye and white mustard suppressed early weeds relative to wheat by 25 and 30%, respectively. However, at harvest, weed density was similar in green pea planted after all green manure crops. Weed suppression improved when cultivation or metribuzin at 0.14 kg ha−1 was used in combination with white mustard, rapeseed, or rye. Pea population was not affected by green manure crops, except for rapeseed, which reduced pea population. In greenhouse experiments, white mustard added to the soil at 20 g per 400 g air dry soil reduced emergence of shepherd's-purse, kochia, and green foxtail by 97, 54, and 49%, respectively. Rapeseed suppressed emergence of shepherd's-purse, kochia, and green foxtail by 76, 25, and 25%, respectively.
CRESCIMENTO, PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE DO ABACAXIZEIRO ‘PÉROLA’ SOB DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Em regioes semiaridas, a irrigacao e fundamental para obtencao de boas produtividades e frutos de qualidade do abacaxizeiro. Objetivou com o presente trabalho avaliar as caracteristicas vegetativas, a producao de mudas e de frutos, bem como a qualidade dos frutos do abacaxizeiro ‘Perola’, sob diferentes lâminas de irrigacao aplicadas por gotejamento. O experimento foi instalado num esquema fatorial 5 x 10, cinco lâminas de irrigacao, 30, 50, 70, 100 e 150% da ECA (Evaporacao do tanque Classe A) e dez epocas de avaliacoes, aos 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18 e 19 meses apos o plantio (MAP), no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes, para as avaliacoes de crescimento vegetativo. Para as avaliacoes de qualidade, producao e produtividade consideraram-se como tratamentos apenas as lâminas de irrigacao. As plantas de abacaxizeiro ‘Perola’ submetidas as diferentes lâminas de irrigacao nao diferem entre si para as caracteristicas de produtividade, peso dos frutos com e sem coroa, diâmetro e comprimento do fruto, cor da casca, solidos soluveis totais (SST), acidez total titulavel (ATT), relacao SST/ATT e pH da polpa. O abacaxizeiro ‘Perola’ expressa maior crescimento vegetativo nas lâminas de irrigacao aplicadas entre 67,1 e 79,1 % da ECA. O florescimento natural total acumulado e maior na lâmina correspondente a 70% da ECA. A producao de mudas por planta e a produtividade de mudas e maior na lâmina correspondente a 85% da ECA.
Topic Modeling of Online Accommodation Reviews via Latent Dirichlet Allocation

There is a lot of attention given to the determinants of guest satisfaction and consumer behavior in the tourism literature. While much extant literature uses a deductive approach for identifying guest satisfaction dimensions, we apply an inductive approach by utilizing large unstructured text data of 104,161 online reviews of Korean accommodation customers to frame which topics of interest guests find important. Using latent Dirichlet allocation, a generative, Bayesian, hierarchical statistical model, we extract and validate topics of interest in the dataset. The results corroborate extant literature in that dimensions, such as location and service quality, are important. However, we extend existing dimensions of importance by more precisely distinguishing aspects of location and service quality. Furthermore, by comparing the characteristics of the accommodations in terms of metropolitan versus rural and the type of accommodation, we reveal differences in topics of importance between different characteristics of the accommodations. Specifically, we find a higher importance for points of competition and points of uniqueness among the accommodation characteristics. This has implications for how managers can improve customer satisfaction and how researchers can more precisely measure customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry.
The moderating role of conscientiousness between psychological contract breach and loyal boosterism

ABSTRACT The current study examines the relationships between relational psychological contract, psychological contract breach, loyal boosterism and conscientiousness in the performing arts context. Based on the literature, we develop and test a moderated-mediation model that investigated the mediating role of psychological contract breach in the relationship between relational psychological contract and loyal boosterism, and the extent to which this relationship is moderated by conscientiousness. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of 281 full-time dancers in training in Australia. Results of the PROCESS analyses support the notion that individuals with higher relational psychological contract tend to have lower perceptions of psychological contract breach, which results in higher levels of loyal boosterism, and that the relationship is attenuated for individuals high on conscientiousness. Such an effect has important implications for how performing art organizations manage expectations of performers in training and how they should intervene if psychological contract breach occurs.
The information literacy levels of nursing students who take the course on information techniques

Aim: This study was conducted with the purpose of determining the information literacy levels of nursing students who take the course on information techniques in nursing and those who do not. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted. The population of the study consisted of the 1st and 2nd year students of a school of nursing located in Eastern Turkey. The study was completed with 265 students. A personal information form and an information literacy scale were used to collect the data. Results: In the study, it was found that the mean information literacy scores of the participants who took the course on information techniques in nursing and those who did not were respectively 3.92±0.6 and 3.41±0.6, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). The relationship between the information literacy levels of the participants and their weekly times of using the internet and levels of computer usage was significant. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was found that taking the course on information techniques in nursing, affected information literacy to a significant extent. It is recommended to increase information and communication courses and research on this topic in the education system for nursing.