Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Compassion as a Compensatory Resilience Factor for the Negative Emotional Outcomes of Alcohol- Involved Sexual Assault among Undergraduates

Objectives: Approximately half of sexual assaults involve alcohol; these assaults tend to be more severe and may be more likely to result in negative emotional outcomes like anxiety and depression (Ullman & Najdowski, 2010). Self-compassion (SC; extending kindness and care towards oneself) may promote resilience from the negative emotional consequences of alcohol-involved sexual assault (AISA). This study examined SC as a resilience factor, testing whether it attenuates and/or counteracts the association between AISA and negative emotional outcomes. Methods: Undergraduate drinkers (N = 785) completed measures tapping past-term AISA (Kehayes, et al., 2019), SC (i.e., Self-Compassion Scale; Neff, 2003), and anxiety and depression (Kessler et al., 2002). The Self-Compassion Scale was scored as two higherorder domains (self-caring, self-criticism) each with three lower-order facets (self-kindness, mindfulness, and common humanity; over-identification, self-judgment, and isolation). Results: Supporting compensatory effects, the higher-order SC domains showed main effects: the presence of self-caring and relative absence of self-criticism counteracted the adverse effects of AISA on both anxiety and depression. Similarly, the lower-order SC facets showed main effects: the presence of self-kindness and relative absence of overidentification counteracted the adverse effects of AISA on anxiety/depression – with therelative absence of self-judgment and isolation additionally counteracting the effect of AISA on depression. Conclusion: SC works as a compensatory resilience factor for the association between AISA and anxiety/depression. Implications: SC interventions with attention towards increasing self-kindness and decreasing negative facets of SC may be important for negative emotional outcomes in general, including those following AISA.
Nocturnal Inshore Movement of the Mimic Shiner (Notropis volucellus): a Possible Predator Avoidance Behavior

Diel seining documented a significant summer nocturnal inshore movement of the mimic shiner (Notropis volucellus) in Lake Itasca, Minnesota. This species initiated inshore movement at sunset, occupied the nearshore area throughout the night, and moved offshore by sunrise. Mimic shiners were collected in less than 1 m of water throughout inshore areas with sparsely developed macroscopic vegetation. Greatest relative abundance was observed at sites possessing the greatest expanse of sparsely or nonvegetated substrate. Relative abundance at inshore sites may be related to habitat characteristics of the sites or to the proximity of feeding habitat. These diel movements differed markedly from those exhibited by the mimic shiner in other lakes. The inshore movement in Lake Itasca may function to reduce crepuscular and nocturnal predation pressure. Our data support the hypothesis that freshwater fishes may possess behavioral plasticity sufficient to alter movement and distribution patterns according to prevailin.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Special Reference to ESBL Producers from Various Clinical Samples at a Tertiary Care Center in Bihar

Background: P. aeruginosa is a Gram negative non-fermentative bacillus which is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for various nosocomial infections like UTI, wound infections or severe sepsis. P. aeruginosa is extensively found in hospital environment and is resistant to many antimicrobials due to acquired and intrinsic resistance factors. Production of Extended Spectrum β- Lactamases (ESBLs) is a major cause of antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa which is now seen throughout the world. ESBL production offers resistance to most of the β-lactam antibiotics including 3rd generation cephalosporins and these strains also acquire resistance to other classes of antibiotics resulting in MDR strains. Because of the extensive distribution of the ESBL producing isolates throughout the world we aim this study to know the prevalence of ESBL producing P. aeruginosa isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern to guide the clinicians to formulate proper antimicrobial therapy in such infections. Methods: This prospective analytical study was conducted in the department of microbiology of Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna during the period of October 2014 to March 2015 to evaluate ESBL production and antimicrobial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates from various clinical samples. Results: A total of 102 strains of P. aeruginosa was isolated from 1000 various clinical samples. 27 isolates (26.5%) of P. aeruginosa isolates were ESBL producers. All the isolates were sensitive to Colistin and Polymyxin B and Imipenem has the highest sensitivity among ESBL producing isolates and Ampicillin along with most the Cephalosporins showed very low sensitivity. Conclusion: We conclude that there is a significant prevalence of ESBL producing P. aeruginosa strains in our hospital which are mostly multi drug resistant(MDR) and constant monitoring of their changing antibiogram along with nosocomial infections caused by such strains is important to guide the proper antimicrobial therapy and reinforce infection control practices.
Egg transport in lizards

The reproductive tracts of several species of lizards were examined to understand the events assoclated with the transport of discharged oocytes following ovulation. At the onset of the reproductive cycle the regressed ovaries and oviducts appear as inconspicuous structures pressed against the dorsal body wall. As the reproductive cycle progresses, they undergo marked changes in position and size. The oviducts migrate ventrally and surround the growing ovarian oocytes, which move anteriorly where coelomic space is more abundant and eventually press intimately against the infundibulum. When ovulation occurs the ostium is in a remarkably strategic location for directly receiving the ovulated oocytes. The virtual isolation of the ovaries from the general coelom by the encapsulating oviducts, and the intimate association of the pre‐ovulatory oocytes with the infundibular ostium do not support the current concept advocating the migration of loose ova following ovulation. An alternative explanation for the “trans‐coelomic migratiion of ova” is proposed.
The physiological role of boron in plants

Abstract Research on the role of boron in plant metabolism is reviewed and evaluated. Absence of the element is shown to affect nucleic acid and carbohydrate metabolism, and the relationship between boron, auxin and phenolic compounds is discussed. It is concluded that the presence of boron is essential to maintain the structural integrity of plant membranes, and that many symptoms of boron deficiency in plants are secondary effects caused by changes in membrane permeability.
Impacts of altered precipitation, nitrogen deposition and plant competition on a Mediterranean seed bank

Questions Do increased nitrogen (N) fertilization, altered water supply and increased competition by a nitrophilous plant species alter the establishment of the plant community developed from the soil seed bank present in a semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystem under greenhouse conditions? Does the nitrophilous plant respond in the same way to N addition under field conditions? Location The kermes oak/rosemary shrubland in the Nature Reserve El Regajal-Mar de Ontigola, central Spain. Methods In September 2008, native soil seed bank was collected in open areas dominated by rosemary shrubs. Seeds of the nitrophilous Diplotaxis siifolia were collected in early summer 2008. Pots with aliquots of soil were distributed among eight treatments, which resulted from combinations of two levels of N fertilization, water supply and density of D. siifolia in the seed bank. The plant community was left to grow for 3 mo, when chlorophyll fluorescence measurements and harvests were made. In summer 2008, the soil seed bank density of 0 and 50 kg N·ha−1·yr−1 plots was also manipulated in the field by broadcasting seeds to a density of 8000 D. siifolia seeds·m−2. Results Increased N and competition tended to reduce soil water content in ‘high water’ pots. High water and N fertilization increased total above- and below-ground plant biomass production. Nitrogen fertilization reduced plant root:shoot ratio, had a negative effect on plant richness and, coupled with ‘high competition’ and ‘high water’, reduced forb biomass productivity. The competition treatment decreased chlorophyll fluorescence in grasses. Under field conditions, N fertilization increased D. siifolia density and this effect was dependent on soil phosphorus availability. Conclusions Our results show that nitrophilous plant species such as D. siifolia can be a threat to local plant communities in the context of increased N deposition and altered precipitation events. In particular, local plant communities from semi-arid Mediterranean climates, and especially the forb element, may suffer more from competition in highly polluted and invaded sites during unusually wet years. Finally, we predict a future increase in the relative dominance of these species in semi-arid Mediterranean environments where forb species typically adapted to low-nutrient environments will fail to successfully compete with weeds.
Cyclic Amp: A Naturally Occurring Acrasin in the Cellular Slime Molds

There has been a long search for the chemical identity of acrasin, the chemotactic substance responsible for the aggregation of amoebae in the development of cellular slime molds. With the help of a new, quantitative assay, it was possible to show that supernatants from the bacterium Escherichia coli contained an attractant for the amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum, and now it is known that this attractant is cyclic 3', 5'-AMP. Furthermore, we have evidence that cyclic AMP is synthesized by the related species Polysphondylium pallidum. It is also known that D. discoideum synthesizes an attractant, but as yet we have not been able to obtain large enough quantities for chemical analysis. This appears to be due to the secretion by the amoebae of large quantities of a phosphodiesterase that specifically breaks down the cyclic 3', 5'-AMP acrasin to 5'-AMP. In mammals, from the work of Sutherland and his collaborators, it is known that cyclic AMP is a second messenger in hormone reactions. It is suggested that in the more primitive cellular slime molds, cyclic AMP serves as a primary messenger.
Multiple Indirect ELISAs for Serological Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread rapidly around the world, there is an urgent need for validated serological assays to evaluate viral specific antibody responses in COVID-19 patients or recovered individuals. In this study, we established and used indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)-based serological tests to study the antibody response in COVID-19 patients. In order to validate the assays, we determined the cut-off values, sensitivity and specificity of the developed assays using sera collected from COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia at different time points after disease onset, as well as sera that are seropositive to other human CoVs; namely MERS-CoV, hCoV-OC43, hCoV-NL63, hCoV-229E, and hCoV-HKU1. The SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid (N) ELISAs that we developed here not only showed high specificity and sensitivity, but also did not show any cross-reactivity with other CoVs. We also showed that all RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients included in our study developed both virus specific IgM and IgG as early as one week after the onset of disease. The availability of these validated assays will enable us to determine the nature and duration of the antibody response mounted in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. It will also allow conducting large-scale epidemiological studies to determine evidence of previous exposure to the virus and assess the true extent of virus spread within communities.
Helminth Endo-Parasites Of Mochokids In A Tropical Rainforest River System

A study of the helminth endo-parasites of Brachysynodontis batensoda, Hemisynodontis membranaceous, Synodontis gobroni, S. clarias, S. sorex, S. budgetti, S. xiphias, S. nigrita, S. filamentosus, S. eupterus, S. schall, and S. ocellifer, randomly sampled from commercial fishers, was made in the lower reaches of Anambra river from March 2001 to February 2002. The helminth endo-parasites recovered were Sandonia sudanensis (Trematoda), Wenyonia synodontis, W. youdeoweii, W. kainji (Cestoda) and Procamallanus laeviconchus (Nematoda). B. batensoda, S. clarias, S. eupterus, S. gobroni and S. ocellifer are new geographical records for W. synodontis, which appeared to be the most important endo-parasite of mochokids in terms of fishery management in the Anambra river. It infected more hosts than the other Wenyonia species put together or the other parasite species. The prevalence of all the endo-parasites was low (≤ 20 %). There were cases of mixed infection involving S. sudanensis and P. laeviconchus as well as Wenyonia species and P. laeviconchus but never between Wenyonia congeners. The habitat most preferred by S. sudanensis and Wenyonia species was the small intestine, whereas P. laeviconchus was found only in the stomach. Prevalence, mean intensity and abundance of all the endo-parasites were generally higher in the dry than in the rainy season. No visible damage or injury resulting from the endo-parasites was evident on parasitized fish.
Habitat and resource partitioning among Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins in Moreton Bay, Australia

Investigating resource partitioning among mobile marine predators such as cetaceans is challenging. Here we integrate multiple methodologies (analyses of habitat use, stable isotopes and trace elements) to assess ecological niche partitioning amongst two genetically divergent sympatric subpopulations (North and South) of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Moreton Bay, Australia. Comparisons of the mean locations (latitude, longitude) and environmental variables (distance from sandbanks, distance from shore and water depth) observed at sightings of biopsy-sampled individuals indicated that the North subpopulation occurred in the northwestern bay in significantly deeper water than the South subpopulation, which was found in southeastern nearshore waters and closer to sandbanks. Ratios of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in skin samples suggested that North dolphins foraged on higher trophic level prey in relatively more pelagic, offshore habitats, while South dolphins foraged on lower trophic prey in more nearshore, demersal and/or benthic habitats. Habitat partitioning was also reflected in higher blubber concentrations of most of the 13 measured trace elements, in particular lead, in the coastal South compared to the more pelagic North dolphins. These findings indicate that genetic subpopulations of bottlenose dolphins in Moreton Bay are adapted to different niches.
A SEX PHEROMONE PRODUCED BY IMMATURE AND ADULT FEMALES OF THE PREDATORY MITE, METASEIULUS OCCIDENTALIS, ACARINA: PHYTOSEIIDAE

Bioassays using adult male Metaseiulus (= Typhlodromus) occidentalis (Nesbitt) demonstrated that deutonymphal, adult virgin, and mated, gravid females produce a sex pheromone(s). Evidence is presented which suggests some protonymph females also produce a sex pheromone(s). Males responded to the pheromone as if it were an arrestant once the male encountered the female. Males exhibited a distinctive “hovering” behavior with deutonymphs and some protonymphs. This is only the second species of phytoseiid mite demonstrated to have a sex pheromone and the first time phytoseiid deutonymphs have been shown to produce a sex pheromone.
Evolution of Eastern Asian–Eastern North American Biogeographic Disjunctions: A Few Additional Issues

The reality of the eastern Asian–eastern North American disjunct biogeographic pattern is supported by (1) the occurrence of closely related species in many plant genera in these two widely distributed areas, (2) the high level of morphological similarities of species within these disjunct genera, and (3) the degree of morphological similarity between some corresponding species in more widely distributed genera of the Northern Hemisphere. Most disjunct genera are supported to be monophyletic, although some are found to be paraphyletic and, less commonly, polyphyletic. The disjunct pattern shown by many genera largely represents relict distributions of the Tertiary and is the product of complex processes such as migration/dispersal, extinction, speciation, vicariance, and stasis. The retention of morphological similarities among the many corresponding disjunct taxa may have arisen by morphological stasis and/or low rates of morphological evolution. Furthermore, accelerated rates of morphological evolution may have occurred in close relatives living in subtropical/tropical regions as well as in western North America. This may have highlighted plesiomorphic morphological similarities between eastern Asia and eastern North America, making them more detectable and more heavily emphasized by systematists in the past. Molecular and phylogenetic results support the importance of the Middle to Late Tertiary in the formation of the disjunct pattern for many temperate taxa. There is phylogenetic and molecular evidence that thermophilic and/or evergreen groups may have diverged earlier, corresponding to the Early Eocene pattern that has been inferred based on fossil evidence.
Effects of several factors on the monozygotic twin production in the mouse

Monozygotic mouse twins were produced by micromanipulation of 2-cell stage embryos and factors affecting the embryonic development were examined. In experiment 1, 2-cell embryos obtained from superovulated CD-1 strain or F1 (C57BL/6 × CBA) females mated with CD-1 strain males were separated into a single blastomere. Pairs of twin blastomeres were cultured with or without supplementation of growth factors, a mixture of IGF-1, TGF- β and EGF for 3 days and twin blastocysts developed were transferred to recipient females. Of 174 pairs of F1 embryos, 88 to 100% developed to twin blastocysts. In contrast, development of CD-1 embryos (835 pairs) was significantly lower (25 to 36%). Of 63 F1 twin blastocysts transferred, 7 to 29% developed to twin fetuses, whereas only 0 to 8% of 62 pairs of CD-1 embryos developed to twins. In experiment 2, one nucleus of a 2-cell stage F1 embryo was electrically fused with an enucleated recipient 2-cell embryo. The 2-cell embryo from which a nucleus was removed was cultured together with the reconstituted embryo as a monozygotic twin pairs. Of 24 and 28 twin pairs cultured with or without growth factors, 92 and 86% developed to twin blastocysts, respectively. After transfer of 13 twin blastocysts to recipients, 3 and 2 twin fetuses were obtained. These findings indicated that monozygotic twin mice can be produced more efficiently from F1 embryos than from CD-1 embryos. Methods of removal of zona pellucida and addition of growth factors to the culture medium had no effect on the efficiency of production of monozygotic twins.
Morphological and embryological studies in Nymphaeaceae. II. Brasenia schreberei Gmel. and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn

The stamens are whorled in Brasenia schreberei and spirally arranged in Nelumbo nucifera. The anther is tetrasporangiate. Parietal layers are five-celled in thickness in B. schreberei and six-celled in N. nucifera. Endothecial cells contain a tannin-like substance and develop fibrous thickenings in N. nucifera. The middle layers are persistent in N. nucifera and ephemeral in B. schreberei. The tapetal cells become multinucleate and the layer develops cutinization on its inner walls in N. nucifera. It is secretory. Micronuclei are formed at the meiosis in the microspore mother cells. These degenerate in B. schreberei and form micropollen grains in N. nucifera. Polysporads and compound pollen grains occur frequently in the latter. Pollen sterility is common. In B. schreberei the carpel is horseshoe-shaped, unites with its margins, and bears two to three pendulous ovules with lamina1 placentation. The carpel in N. nucifera, however, remains open in its early development, unites by the growth of the interlocking hairs, and contains a single ovule. A single parietal layer is present in B. schreberei, and four to five such layers in N. nucifera. A hypostase is formed in B. schreberei. The nucellus functions as perisperm in the latter and is consumed early in N. nucifera. A linear megaspore tetrad is formed in which the chalazal megaspore is functional. The embryo sac is of the Polygonum type. The antipodal cells are ephemeral in B. Schreberei and persistent with secondary multiplication in N. nucifera. In post-fertilized ovules one of the synergids is persistent. Fertilization is non-synchronous in N. nucifera and simultaneous in B. schreberei. In N. nucifera the antipodal cells become enlarged and multinucleate, and occupy the elongated tube formed by the downward penetration of the embryo sac. They degenerate at the early globular stage of the embryo and are not persistent when the embryo is pear-shaped. In B. schreberei a transverse cytokinesis follows division of the primary endosperm nucleus and two unequal cells are formed. The small chalazal endosperm cell penetrates the nucellus below and forms a long tube-like haustorium occupying three-quarters of the length of the nucellus. Its nucleus subsequently hypertrophies and degenerates completely at the globular stage of the embryo. Endosperm is ab initio cellular in B. schreberei and free nuclear in N. nucifera.
Enzimotipagem de espécies do gênero Candida isoladas da cavidade bucal

The production of phospholipase and proteinase exoenzymes was evaluated in seventy nine samples of Candida isolated from the oral cavity of patients with oral lesions characteristic of candidosis and from individuals presenting a clinically normal mouth, attended at the University of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto USP. Among the strains of C. albicans isolated from oral lesions, the phospholipase and proteinase were detected in 83.3% and 66.7%, respectively. C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis produced only proteinase. Regarding the isolated strains from niches without lesions, out of a total of 32 C. albicans, 71.9% presented phospholipase and 68.7% proteinase. C. tropicalis only presented the enzyme proteinase, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. guilliermondii and Candida spp did not present any of the exoenzymes. Among the samples of C. albicans from both groups, the enzymotype 22 (positive phospholipase and proteinase weakly positive), was prevalent. Different enzymotypes of the same species were detected in samples collected from the same patient.
Field Assessment of the Influence of Temperature on Growth Rate in a Brown Trout Population

Abstract Growth rates of age-0 brown trout Salmo trutta during the growing period (May–September) were estimated in nine consecutive year-classes in three sites of Arroyo Chabatchos (Esva River basin, northern Spain). Observed growth rates were highly correlated with average water temperature, which explained 48, 68 (90% excluding the severe drought of 1989), and 89% of the interannual variation in respective growth rates at the three sites studied. Observed growth rates varied from those predicted by a model by Elliott and others, which predicted higher-than-observed growth rates in winter and negligible growth in summer. Observed growth rates were consistently higher than those predicted in two sites, and the only four instances (out of 27 possible) of lower-than-predicted growth rates occurred in fish at the site at which observed growth was slowest. As expected from the model, the predicted growth rates were also correlated with water temperature, but the slopes of the observed and predicted regressio.