Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction in tribological energy losses in the transportation and electric utilities sectors

This report is part of a study of ways and means of advancing the national energy conservation effort, particularly with regard to oil, via progress in the technology of tribology. The report is confined to two economic sectors: transportation, where the scope embraces primarily the highway fleets, and electric utilities. Together these two sectors account for half of the US energy consumption. Goal of the study is to ascertain the energy sinks attributable to tribological components and processes and to recommend long-range research and development (R and D) programs aimed at reducing these losses. In addition to the obvious tribological machine components such as bearings, piston rings, transmissions and so on, the study also extends to processes which are linked to tribology indirectly such as wear of machine parts, coatings of blades, high temperature materials leading to higher cycle efficiencies, attenuation of vibration, and other cycle improvements.
Flight Deck-based Merging and Spacing Operations

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is developing an Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)-based concept termed Merging and Spacing (M&S), intended to allow flight crews, air traffic control (ATC), and airlines to achieve the most efficient and desirable spacing within aircraft pairs from the en route phase of flight to the runway threshold. For aircraft to merge successfully, they must have sufficient spacing to fit into the overall flow while maintaining the required separation. Miles-in-trail (MIT) or metering restrictions (meter fix times) are often used to absorb delays or to meet spacing requirements for procedures such as Continuous Descent Arrivals (CDAs). However, ATC often experiences difficulty in achieving meter fix times or MIT restrictions in the arrival management process. M&S uses a centralized ground-based sequencing and pre-conditioning of the arrivals, combined with flight deck speed control to achieve pair-wise spacing. This paper focuses on recent research and development of the second part of that operation, termed Flight Deck-based Merging and Spacing (FDMS). A main objective of FDMS is to avoid costly low-altitude maneuvering while maintaining or increasing runway throughput. The flight operations hub and Global Operations Center for UPS at Louisville International Airport-Standiford Field (SDF) has been the site for tests of various approach and collision avoidance systems. FDMS is part of the UPS Gate-to-Gate project and is being implemented at SDF in UPS’s Boeing 757 and 767 aircraft. Descriptions of various evaluations of the initial implementation from the perspectives of pilots and controllers in both the en-route and terminal domains were carried out. They are described in detail. Results show that the early FDMS implementations are feasible. Studies looking at future enhancements to support a wider range of conditions have identified where new research is required.
IMPROVED THEORY BEHAVIOUR OF THE EUROSID AND EFFECTS ON THORAX INJURY ASSESSMENT, ON THE BASIS OF PENDULUM IMPACTS

In 1989, the EUROSID-1 was accepted in the European regulation ECE-R95. After a steady period of use, an upgraded version of this dummy: ES-2 is now considered as a step towards harmonization of side impact occupant regulations. The upgrades to the dummy include, amongst others, a modification of its torso back plate and a change in rib module guidance (piston-cylinder), especially to overcome anomalous rib deflection responses referred to as "flat-top". Presented here are results of lateral and oblique pendulum tests, conducted on the EUROSID-1 and ES-2 to verify the modified torso back plate and to study the responses of three proposed rib module designs for ES-2. Particularly, rib deflections, rib VC responses, and thorax force-deflection responses are analyzed. The current study primarily addresses sensitivity of the ES-2 thorax to oblique loading. The risk of anomalous rib deflection responses as observed in full-scale vehicle crash tests can be greatly reduced by using a modified torso back plate and by changing the piston-cylinder. Results presented here show that the prototype "needle bearing type ribs", developed jointly by TNO and FTSS, eliminates the risk of flat-top in the pendulum test conditions employed in this stndy. The adoption of this rib design in ES-2 may, however, require further tuning of the damping in order to meet biofidelity requirements, such that injury risk on the basis of VC can be assessed appropriately.
Improved assembly and variant detection of a haploid human genome using single-molecule, high-fidelity long reads

The sequence and assembly of human genomes using long-read sequencing technologies has revolutionized our understanding of structural variation and genome organization. We compared the accuracy, continuity, and gene annotation of genome assemblies generated from either high-fidelity (HiFi) or continuous long-read (CLR) datasets from the same complete hydatidiform mole human genome. We find that the HiFi sequence data assemble an additional 10% of duplicated regions and more accurately represent the structure of tandem repeats, as validated with orthogonal analyses. As a result, an additional 5 Mbp of pericentromeric sequences are recovered in the HiFi assembly, resulting in a 2.5-fold increase in the NG50 within 1 Mbp of the centromere (HiFi 480.6 kbp, CLR 191.5 kbp). Additionally, the HiFi genome assembly was generated in significantly less time with fewer computational resources than the CLR assembly. Although the HiFi assembly has significantly improved continuity and accuracy in many complex regions of the genome, it still falls short of the assembly of centromeric DNA and the largest regions of segmental duplication using existing assemblers. Despite these shortcomings, our results suggest that HiFi may be the most effective stand-alone technology for de novo assembly of human genomes.
Cyclic functional collaboration: a scientific approach to housing

iii Declaration . iv Preface . v List of diagrams . xviii Abbreviations . xix PART A: INTRODUCTIONS. 1 Chapter 1. Context: Problems, questions and issues in housing . 3 1.1 Context of thesis . 5 (1) Social housing: an overview . 5 (2) Housing research and the development of social housing . 9 1.2 The thesis . 14 (1) The context: summary . 14 (2) The key questions . 14 (3) The hypothesis . 15 (4) The argument of the thesis . 15 (5) The relevance of the thesis . 17 1.3 Research method . 18 1.4 The structure of the thesis . 23 1.5 The parameters of this thesis . 26 Chapter 2. Cyclic Functional Collaboration as science: an initial description . 33 2.1 Bernard Lonergan and the remote origins of Cyclic Functional Collaboration . 35 (1) Lonergan’s search for a practical theory of history . 36 (2) Functional specialisation . 40 2.2 Cyclic Functional Collaboration . 44 2.3 Searchings for Cyclic Functional Collaboration . 46 (1) Structuring disciplines . 47 (2) Comparative housing research . 49 2.4 Cyclic Functional Collaboration as a scientific approach to housing . 52 2.5 Summary and concluding remarks . 57 PART B: THE FUNCTIONAL SPECIALTIES. 59 Chapter 3. Research as a functional specialty . 65 3.1 Research: an initial view . 67 3.2 Primary research in Australian social housing . 68 (1) Observable data . 68 (2) Participant data . 70 (3) Descriptive data . 73 (4) A note on historical data . 74 3.3 What are these primary researchers doing? 75 3.4 Towards a more precise understanding of Research . 79 3.5 Concluding summary and implications for housing research . 82
Open Globe Injury related to Road Traffic Accident: a Retrospective Study

BackgroundTo evaluate epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who sustained road traffic-related open globe injury (OGI)MethodsMedical records of all road traffic-related OGI patients who were admitted to the hospital from January 2006 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Data including age, gender, vehicle type, initial ocular presentation, and final visual outcome were extracted.ResultsAmong the overall causes of OGI, road traffic-related accidents comprised 92/978 (9%) of cases. Of these, ten (11%) patients acquired bilateral eye injuries and 72 (78%) were male. Nearly half of the injuries (51%) occurred in the 20-39 years old age group and the majority of cases (59%) involved automobile transportation. Globe rupture, 48 (47%) eyes, occurred in a similar proportion of penetration, 46 (45%) eyes. Following treatments, LogMAR visual acuity (VA) significantly improved from a median (interquartile range) of 2.3 (1.9 - 2.3) to 1.7 (0.3 - 3.0), at the final follow-up appointment. Presence of relative afferent pupillary defect and presence of retinal detachment were predictors for poor final visual outcomes.ConclusionsThis study provides information regarding road traffic-related OGI that had a high prevalence in young. The risky transportation mode were motorcycles in teenager and automobiles in young adult. A considerable proportion of impaired final VA might have a significant impact on the socio-economic system. Establishing effective safety education and encouraging regular adherence to road safety behaviors are challenging issues that need more action.
Cash Flows, Firm Characteristics and Net Interest Margin of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

This study examined the effect of cash flow which include operating, investing and financing on Net Interest Margin, seen as performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Data for the study were collected from the annual reports of the banks used as an adjusted population due to criteria set for the study for the period 2008 to 2018. The study utilised panel regression analysis where panel corrected standard error model was employed due to the presence of heteroscedasticity in the model in relation to Net Interest Margin NIM seen as performance model. The study found that both operating and financing cash flows have positive and significant effect on Net Interest Margin NIM among the banks in Nigeria. However, the study could not establish any relationship between investing cash flow and Net Interest Margin NIM of banks in Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended that more attention be paid to both operating and financing cash flows as it influences the Net Interest Margin NIM which could lead to more Net Interest Margin of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria positively.
Water use efficiency in plant biology

1. Water use efficiency in plant biology. Mark A. Bacon, Plant Sciences for Industry Unit, University of Lancaster, UK. 2. What is water use efficiency? Hamlyn Jones, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, UK. 3. Water use efficiency and photosynthesis. M. M. Chaves and J. S. Pereira, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisbon, Portugal and J. Osorio, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal. 4. Water use efficiency and chemical signalling. Sally Wilkinson, The Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, UK. 5. Physiological approaches to enhance water use efficiency: exploiting plant signalling in novel irrigation practice. Brian R. Loveys, Horticulture Unit, CSIRO Plant Industry, Glen Osmond, Australia and M. Stoll and Bill J. Davies, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lancaster, UK. 6. Agronomic approaches to increasing water use efficiency. Peter J. Gregory, School of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, UK. 7. Plant nutrition and water use efficiency. John A. Raven, Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK, Linda L. Handley, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, UK and Bernd Wollenweber, Department of Plant Biology, The Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Slagelse, Denmark. 8. Crop yield and water use efficiency: a case study in rice. Jianhua Zhang, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong and Jianchang Yang, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China. 9. Molecular approaches to unravel the genetic basis of water use efficiency. Roberto Tuberosa, Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences and Technology, University of Bologna, Italy. 10. Water use efficiency in the farmersa fields. John Passioura, CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia. References. Index
Significance of geographical factors (climatic, topographic and social) to the COVID-19 outbreak in India

Very recently, large outbreak of COVID-19 cases all around the world has also whacked India since approximately 30,000 cases confirmed within first three months of transmission. The present study used long-term climatic records of air temperature (T), rainfall (R), actual evapotranspiration (AET), solar radiation (SR), specific humidity (SH), wind speed (WS) with topographic altitude (E) and population density (PD) at regional level to investigate the spatial association with number of COVID-19 infections (NI). Bivariate analysis failed to find any significant relation (except SR) with the number of infected cases within 36 provinces in India. Variable Importance of Projection (VIP) through Partial Least Square (PLS) technique signified higher importance of SR, T, R and AET. However, Generalized Additive Model (GAM) fitted with log-transformed value of input variables and applying spline smoothening to PD and E, significantly found high accuracy of prediction (R2=0.89), thus, well explained the complex heterogeneity among association of regional parameters with COVID-19 cases in India. Our study suggests that comparatively hot and dry regions in lower altitude of the Indian territory are more prone to the infection by COVID-19 transmission.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of universal precautions among medical and nursing students

Background: Universal precautions is an approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens. The CDC recommends Standard Precautions for the care of all patients, regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status. Health care personals are at risk of being exposed to blood-borne pathogens. The aim of the study to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of medical and nursing students towards universal precautions.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out at S. S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere, Karnataka. The participants were medical and Nursing undergraduate students. A questionnaire was prepared based on the WHO and CDC guidelines on Universal Precautions and was validated and pre-tested before finalization. Degree of knowledge was ascertained by means of yes-no questions on each item being evaluated.Results: All students were aware of Universal precautions, but soundness of their knowledge is very poor. Compliance in Universal precautions is good to average in nursing students but poor to average in medical students.Conclusions: It can be concluded that interventions to improve Universal precautions among medical students, nursing students urgently needed. So, there is a need for developing strategies to promote the use of Universal precautions which take into account behaviour change and accuracy of knowledge including its integration into practice. Teaching universal precautions early in their curriculum is necessary for better learning and practices during their posting.
Military Base Closures Since 1988: Status and Employment Changes at the Community and State Level.

Abstract : U.S. budget outlays for national defense have declined sharply since the late 1980s, and are expected to continue this decline for several more years. The downsizing of the U.S. armed forces, which began before the fall of the Berlin Wall, has been an important factor in the drop in defense spending. Beginning in 1988, Congress required a reduction in military bases and other military real property infrastructure to accompany the manpower cuts. Members of Congress are very interested in how defense spending cuts and the consequent base realignment and closure process will affect the communities they represent. This report compiles Department of Defense (DOD) data on major base closures and employment changes at DOD facilities affected by the base realignment and closure (BRAC) process since 1988. It assesses (1) the process and issues associated with closure and reuse of major installations, (2) the employment effects of all BRAC actions at the community and state levels, and (3) the federal role in assisting affected communities, workers, and businesses. Major base closures, shutdowns causing the loss of 300 or more jobs, are a focus of particular concern. Of the hundreds of actions closing or realigning military installations, 98 qualify as major closures. Here, the challenges for job replacement, wise land use, and community stability often are greatest. The disposition and/or reuse of military real property can have an important impact on the economic and social health of a host community.
Followership: An Australian university dilemma?

Exclusive top-down leadership and decision-making is a key feature of the version of ‘managerialism’ that is prevalent in the higher education sector. This paper challenges that dominant organisational approach. It uses a qualitative case study of followership philosophy and practices at Murdoch University to argue that there is a need to reframe the followership/leadership divide. The end result is to reconstruct the passive pejorative version of the ‘follower’ to a more ‘active follower’ role. The leadership role is then redefined to be an important, but not exclusive, part of the organisational decision-making process. The adaptability and self-organising capability of the workforce requires an inclusive, not exclusive, decision-making methodology to unlock and realise the full future potential of the modern university.
Bombs, Bugs, Drugs, and Thugs: Intelligence and America's Quest for Security

Recent years have seen numerous books about the looming threat posed to Western society by biological and chemical terrorism, by narcoterrorists, and by the unpredictable leaders of rogue nations. Some of these works have been alarmist. Some have been sensible and measured. But none has been by Loch Johnson. Johnson, author of the acclaimed "Secret Agencies "and "an experienced overseer of intelligence" ("Foreign Affairs"), here examines the present state and future challenges of American strategic intelligence. Written in his trademark style--dubbed "highly readable" by "Publishers Weekly"--and drawing on dozens of personal interviews and contacts, Johnson takes advantage of his insider access to explore how America today aspires to achieve nothing less than "global transparency," ferreting out information on potential dangers in every corner of the world. And yet the American security establishment, for all its formidable resources, technology, and networks, currently remains a loose federation of individual fortresses, rather than a well integrated "community" of agencies working together to provide the President with accurate information on foreign threats and opportunities. Intelligence failure, like the misidentified Chinese embassy in Belgrade accidentally bombed by a NATO pilot, is the inevitable outcome when the nation's thirteen secret agencies steadfastly resist the need for central coordination. Ranging widely and boldly over such controversial topics as the intelligence role of the United Nations (which Johnson believes should be expanded) and whether assassination should be a part of America's foreign policy (an option he rejects for fear that the U.S. would then be cast not only as global policeman but also as global godfather), Loch K. Johnson here maps out a critical "and" prescriptive vision of the future of American intelligence.
Microbial Alpha-Amylases and their Industrial Applications: A Review

The biotechnological potential of α-amylases from microorganisms has drawn a great deal of attention from various researchers worldwide as likely biological catalysts in a variety of industrial processes. The rapid developments in the field of genetic engineering have given a new impetus to the biotechnology. Biotechnology also offers the potential for new industrial processes that require less energy and are based on renewable raw materialsand environmentally healthy practices.This work represents a review of α-amylase family and the major characteristics, microbial sources, production, properties, industrial applicationsas highly demanded industrial enzyme in various sectors such as food, textiles, detergents, pharmaceuticals, etc. The review intends to explore the potential of these enzymes and to encourage new α-amylase-based industrial technology.
The effects of Pilates training on respiratory muscle strength in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

ABSTRACT Background Reduction in flexibility and mobility are important factors that lead to impairments in quality of life, reduction of exercise tolerance, and a decreased pulmonary capacity with the progression of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercises on mobility, quality of life, and respiratory muscle strength in patients with AS. Methods Forty patients with AS were randomly divided into two groups as Pilates group and the control group. The Pilates group performed Pilates exercises in supervised group sessions and the control group performed conventional exercises at home three days a week for eight weeks. The main outcome measure was respiratory muscle strength. Secondary outcome measures were forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) FEV1/FVC ratio, chest expansion, Bath indices (BASDAI, BASMI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (ASQoL) and six-minute walk test (6MWT). All participants were assessed by a blind assessor at baseline and the end of eight weeks. Results Thirty-six AS patients (n = 19 in the Pilates group, n = 17 in the control group) completed the study. Respiratory muscle strength, FEV1/FVC, chest expansion, BASDAI, BASMI, ASQoL, and 6MWT significantly improved at the 8th week (p < .05) in the Pilates group, while inspiratory muscle strength, FEV1/FVC, chest expansion, and 6MWT showed significant improvements in the control group at 8th week compared to baseline (p < .05). No significant between-group differences were observed when the change over time values were compared (Δ). Conclusion Both Pilates and home exercises seem to be effective for improving respiratory parameters and functional status in patients with AS. Pilates exercises without using any equipment and additional exercises is found to be useful for improving respiratory functions and disease-related symptoms.
Robot Modeling and Control

Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Rigid Motions and Homogeneous Transformations. 3. Forward and Inverse Kinematics. 4. Velocity Kinematics-The Jacobian. 5. Path and Trajectory Planning. 6. Independent Joint Control. 7. Dynamics. 8. Multivariable Control. 9. Force Control. 10. Geometric Nonlinear Control. 11. Computer Vision. 12. Vision-Based Control. Appendix A: Trigonometry. Appendix B: Linear Algebra. Appendix C: Dynamical Systems. Appendix D: Lyapunov Stability. Index.