Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Current Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Horses

Simple Summary Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is increasingly recognized in veterinary medicine as a potential treatment for various gastrointestinal disorders in horses. The primary objective of FMT is to restore the healthy gut microbiota in horses by transferring fecal material from a healthy donor to a recipient. The mechanism of FMT remains unclear, but it is hypothesized to work by introducing a diverse and balanced microbial community into the recipient’s gut, which can then compete with and replace harmful pathogens and promote a healthy gut environment. Therefore, in order to better understand current application of FMT in horses, we conducted this systematic review based on the existing literature. According to the research findings, we discussed the key factors that may influence the efficacy and safety, as well as future application, of FMT in horses. Abstract Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a technique involving transferring fecal matter from a healthy donor to a recipient, with the goal of reinstating a healthy microbiome in the recipient’s gut. FMT has been used in horses to manage various gastrointestinal disorders, such as colitis and diarrhea. To evaluate the current literature on the use of FMT in horses, including its efficacy, safety, and potential applications, the authors conducted an extensive search of several databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, published up to 11 January 2023. The authors identified seven studies that met their inclusion criteria, all of which investigated the FMT application as a treatment for gastrointestinal disorders such as colitis and diarrhea. The authors demonstrated that FMT was generally effective in treating these conditions. However, the authors noted that the quality of the studies was generally suboptimal and characterized by small sample sizes and a lack of control groups. The authors concluded that FMT is a promising treatment option for certain gastrointestinal disorders in horses. Nevertheless, more research is required to determine the optimal donor selection, dosing, and administration protocols, as well as the long-term safety and efficacy of FMT in horses.
The role of cross‐sector partnerships in the dynamics between places and innovation ecosystems

The dynamics between places and innovation ecosystems and the role that cross-sector partnerships (CSPs) can play in regenerating places and in revitalizing innovation ecosystems remain poorly theorized. In this study we use two cases – Humber (UK) and Southwest Finland – to develop a conceptual model that demonstrates the vicious and virtuous dynamics between places and innovation ecosystems. We show that CSPs can act as herding spaces – arenas where actors from different organizations get together to address a common purpose and connect with the institutional context – and alter these vicious and virtuous dynamics. Specifically, our findings shed light on four mechanisms that enable CSPs to act as herding spaces and so to help break away from the vicious (vitalizing role) and reinforce the virtuous (nurturing role) dynamics between places and innovation ecosystems: recognition of place-based challenges, improvement or utilization of place attachment, development of purpose ecosystems, and direct engagement in place regeneration activities.
How Do Teachers Mindsets Impact Students Learning Motivation in Chinese Public Schools and International Schools?

This research will develop the relationship between teachers mindsets and students learning motivation. It also makes the comparison between both Chinese public high schools and international high schools. The qualitative method, the semi-structured interview will be adapted as the main research method. The results concluded that Chinese public high school teachers tend to have fixed mindsets, and international school teachers presented close to growth mindsets. Additionally, both two types of mindsets of teachers could stimulate students learning motivation. While fixed mindset teachers will lead students to have the extrinsic motivation and other students will be intrinsically motivated by growth mindsets teachers.
Tuning the temperature range of superelastic Ni-Ti alloys for elastocaloric cooling via thermal processing

Caloric cooling enlisting solid-state refrigerants is potentially a promising eco-friendly alternative to conventional cooling based on vapor compression. The most common refrigerant materials for elastocaloric cooling to date are Ni-Ti based superelastic shape memory alloys. Here, we have explored tuning the operation temperature range of Ni50.8Ti49. 2 for elastocaloric cooling. In particular, we have studied the effect of thermal treatments (a.k.a. aging) on the transformation temperature, superelasticity, and elastocaloric effects of Ni50.8Ti49. 2 shape memory alloy tubes. The isothermal compressive test revealed that the residual strain of thermally-treated Ni-Ti tubes at room temperature approaches zero as aging time is increased. Short-time aging treatment at 400 °C resulted in good superelasticity and elastocaloric cooling performance with a large tunable austenite finish (A f) temperature range of 24.7 °C, as determined from the A f temperature of the samples that were aged 5–120 min. The main reason of the property change is the formation of a different amount of Ni4Ti3 precipitates in the NiTi matrix. Our findings show that it is possible to tailor the A f temperature range for development of cascade elastocaloric cooling systems by thermally treating a starting single composition Ni-Ti alloy.
ON THE THEORY OF HEAD WAVES

When a combined longitudinal and transverse disturbance, diverging from a localized source, strikes a plane boundary between two solid elastic media, several systems of head waves and second‐order boundary waves are generated, each associated with grazing incidence of one or the other of the reflected or refracted waves. Associated with grazing incidence of P1P_2, the refracted P‐wave, is the head wave system comprising P1P2P1 (the “refracted wave” of seismic prospectors), and P1P2S1 (a transverse head wave) in the upper medium, and P1P2S_2 (a transverse head wave) in the lower medium. There is no boundary wave in the lower medium. These three waves, with the second‐order term of P1þ_2 (the first‐order term is zero on the boundary) satisfy conditions of continuity of stress and displacement at the boundary. Moreover, the energy of the three head waves is derived completely from the second‐order component of P1P_2, which possesses a component of energy flow normal to the boundary. The amplitudes of P1P2P1,.
Computation of limit and shakedown loads using a node‐based smoothed finite element method

This paper presents a novel numerical procedure for computing limit and shakedown loads of structures using a node‐based smoothed FEM in combination with a primal–dual algorithm. An associated primal–dual form based on the von Mises yield criterion is adopted. The primal‐dual algorithm together with a Newton‐like iteration are then used to solve this associated primal–dual form to determine simultaneously both approximate upper and quasi‐lower bounds of the plastic collapse limit and the shakedown limit. The present formulation uses only linear approximations and its implementation into finite element programs is quite simple. Several numerical examples are given to show the reliability, accuracy, and generality of the present formulation compared with other available methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modélisation et simulation numérique des écoulements diphasiques par une approche bifluide à deux pressions

Dans ce memoire de these, on s’interesse a la simulation des ecoulements liquidevapeur en transition de phase. Pour decrire ces ecoulements, une approche bifluide moyennee a deux pressions independantes est retenue. Cette description du melange liquide-vapeur s’appuie sur le modele a sept equations de Baer et Nunziato. On etudie les aptitudes de cette modelisation a simuler les transitions de phase apparaissant en ingenierie nucleaire. Dans un premier temps, on elabore un cadre thermodynamique theorique pour decrire les ecoulements liquide-vapeur. Dans ce cadre, on realise la fermeture du modele de Baer et Nunziato. De nouvelles modelisations sont proposees pour les termes d’interaction entre les phases. Ces nouvelles modelisations dotent le modele bifluide a deux pressions d’une inegalite d’entropie. On etudie ensuite les proprietes mathematiques de ce modele. Sa partie convective hyperbolique se presente sous une forme non-conservative. On etudie tout d’abord la definition de ses solutions faibles. Divers regimes d’ecoulement sont alors mis a jour pour le melange diphasique. Ces differents regimes d’ecoulement presentent des analogies avec le comportement fluvial et torrentiel des ecoulements en riviere. Les stabilites lineaire et non-lineaire de l’equilibre liquidevapeur sont ensuite etablies. Pour affiner notre description des interactions diphasiques, on etudie pour finir l’implementation d’un modele de turbulence, ainsi que l’implementation d’une procedure de reconstruction pour la densite d’aire interfaciale. On s’interesse ensuite a la simulation de ce modele. Suivant une approche a pas fractionnaires, une methode numerique est elaboree dans un formalisme Volumes Finis. Pour realiser l’approximation de la partie convective, diverses adaptations non-conservatives de solveurs de Riemann standard sont tout d’abord proposees. A l’inverse du cadre non-conservatif classique, l’ensemble de ces schemas converge vers une unique solution. Un nouveau schema de relaxation est ensuite propose pour approcher la dynamique des transferts interfaciaux. L’ensemble de la methode numerique se caracterise alors par la preservation des equilibres liquide-vapeur. Dans un premier temps, cette methode numerique est employee a la comparaison des differentes modelisations bifluides a une et deux pressions. On l’applique ensuite a la simulation des ecoulements liquide-vapeur dans les circuits hydrauliques des reacteurs a eau sous pression en configuration accidentelle.
XMM-Newton study of the star forming region NGC 1333

We analyze the data of a deep XMM-Newton X-ray imaging observation of the NGC 1333 star forming region. The observation covered a period of about 14 hours and has a total MOS-equivalent exposure time of 235 ksec. In addition to 46 bright X-ray sources revealed by source detection routines, we find weak X-ray emission at the positions of 40 X-ray sources detected originally in a recent Chandra observation of NGC 1333. The XMM-Newton count rates of most sources agree well with their countrates in the Chandra data; about 80% of the sources vary by a factor of less than 3 between the two X-ray observations which are separated by 18 month. The X-ray lightcurves of several sources reveal large flares with parameters typical for X-ray active young stellar objects. We also construct and analyze the X-ray spectra of the stronger sources and derive plasma temperatures between ~0.7 keV and ~3 keV for the T Tauri stars in NGC 1333, and higher temperatures up to ~12 keV for flaring sources and deeply embedded young stellar objects. We consider in detail the X-ray properties of the optically invisible infrared source SVS 16, which showed a large X-ray flare during our observation. Its X-ray spectrum confirms that the hydrogen column density towards SVS 16 is much lower than expected from the extinction determined from near-IR spectroscopy and photometry. The reason for this inconsistency remains unclear. Finally, we search for, but do not detect any X-ray emission from HH 7-11 or one of the other Herbig-Haro objects in NGC 1333. Also, none of the class 0 protostars in the region is detected in X-rays.
Bioexposure assays to assess uptake and survival of viruses in mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae

Insects represent a sustainable source of food and feed. In order to increase the sustainability of insect production, new feed substrates should be explored including waste materials that contain animal by-products. However, the use of waste products does come with potential risks for transmission of pathogens. Experimental exposure studies of insects with selected pathogens can provide knowledge of some of these risks for future quantitative risk assessments. In this study, we have developed virus bioexposure assays to examine the uptake and survival of two different strains of porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) in the larvae of two key insect species that are grown for the production of food and feed, namely the mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, and the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens. T. molitor larvae were exposed to PRCV via oral uptake of virus suspensions while H. illucens larvae were exposed to PRCV via spiking of their feed. Using RT-qPCR assays, the amount of viral RNA extracted from individual larvae immediately after exposure varied from ~104.6 to 107.1 genome copies per insect. The PRCV RNA was detectable in the larvae of both T. molitor and H. illucens for up to 3 days post exposure but no longer. The assays applied to T. molitor and H. illucens for exposure to PRCV should be applicable for the exposure of further insect larvae to other viruses, and potentially also to other types of pathogens.
Changes in the Bio-Compounds and Biological Activities of Eight Whole Grains Fermentation Starter with Different Oxidized Chin-Shin Oolong Teas

Chin-shin oolong tea is the most widely planted variety in Taiwan. This study fermented eight whole grains fermentation starter (EGS) with light (LOT), medium (MOT), and fully (FOT) oxidized Chin-shin oolong teas for ten weeks. Comparing the three fermentation beverages, it was found that LOT fermentation can obtain the highest catechins (1644.56 ± 60.15 ppm) among the functional and antioxidant components. MOT can obtain the highest glucuronic acid (19,040.29 ± 2903.91 ppm), tannins, total phenols, flavonoids, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. FOT can obtain the highest GABA (1360.92 ± 123.24 ppm). In addition, both the LOT and MOT showed a significant increase in their ability to scavenge DPPH radicals after fermentation. EGS fermented with lightly or moderately oxidized Chin-shin oolong tea may be considered a novel Kombucha.
The Prevalence of Undiagnosed Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in Healthy School-Aged Children in Osun State, Nigeria

Typhoid fever remains a significant public health concern due to cases of mis-/overdiagnosis. Asymptomatic carriers play a role in the transmission and persistence of typhoid fever, especially among children, where limited data exist in Nigeria and other endemic countries. We aim to elucidate the burden of typhoid fever among healthy school-aged children using the best surveillance tool(s). In a semi-urban/urban state (Osun), 120 healthy school-aged children under 15 years were enrolled. Whole blood and fecal samples were obtained from consenting children. ELISA targeting the antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anti-LPS antibodies of Salmonella Typhi, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to analyze the samples. At least one of the immunological markers was detected in 65.8% of children, with 40.8%, 37.5%, and 39% of children testing positive for IgM, IgG, and antigen, respectively. Culture, PCR, and NGS assays did not detect the presence of Salmonella Typhi in the isolates. This study demonstrates a high seroprevalence of Salmonella Typhi in these healthy children but no carriage, indicating the inability to sustain transmission. We also demonstrate that using a single technique is insufficient for typhoid fever surveillance in healthy children living in endemic areas.
Characterizations of arcsin and related distributions based on a new generalized unimodality

Abstract A general characterization for α-unimodal distributions was provided in [Alamatsaz, M.H. 1985: A Note on an Article by Artikis, Acta Mathematica Hungarica 45, 159–162] and its extension to a multivariate case in [Alamatsaz, M.H. 1993: On Characterizations of Exponential and Gamma Distributions, Statistics and Probability Letters 17, 315–319]. Here, by solving the related equations, another generalization for unimodality is presented. As a result of this generalization, a simpler proof of a conjecture, as well as a characterization for generalized arcsin distributions and some generalizations of the author’s earlier works, is obtained. Last, but not the least, it is shown that some elementary methods can be more powerful than some more advanced techniques.
Laboratory Measurements of Small Raindrop Distortion. Part 2: Oscillation Frequencies and Modes

Abstract The oscillation frequencies and modes of small raindrops (1.04–1.54-mm diameter) were determined from laboratory experiments using water drops generated at terminal velocity at a fall distance sufficient for initial oscillations to damp out. Frequency information was obtained from fall streaks photographed in backscatter light near the primary and secondary rainbows. Streak data was interpreted with the aid of ray tracing through drops with spherical harmonic perturbations. Axis ratio data was used in conjunction with analyses of spherical harmonic perturbations to help determine the oscillation modes. Two frequencies were present in all drop sizes. The significant oscillation modes for smaller drops (1.04–1.30 mm) were the transverse modes of the fundamental and first harmonic, whereas the significant oscillation modes for larger drops (1.40–1.54 mm) were the axisymmetric mode of the fundamental and the transverse mode of the first harmonic. Primary resonance appears to be responsible for the tr.
Canonical Neutral Current Predictions From the Weak Electromagnetic Gauge Group SU(3) X $u$(1)

A straightforward SU(3) x U(1) model in which there is effectively one new neutral-current parameter (denoted by R) is shown to give the canonical neutrino neutral-current predictions for all values of R. For small R the ''low-energy'' theory is essentially SU(2) x U(1) while for R of the order of one it has a much richer ''low-energy'' gauge-boson mass spectrum. Even in the latter case, the predicted e-d asymmetry agrees with experiment. It is interesting that the atomic-physics parity violation depends sensitively on R.
Validity of Machine Learning in Detecting Complicated Appendicitis in a Resource-Limited Setting: Findings from Vietnam

Background Complicated appendicitis, a potentially life-threatening condition, is common. However, the diagnosis of this condition is mainly based on physician's experiences and advanced diagnostic equipment. This study built and validated machine learning models to facilitate the detection of complicated appendicitis. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on medical charts of all patients undergoing a laparoscopic appendectomy at a city hospital during 2016-2020. The synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) was used to adjust for the imbalance. Multiple classification approaches were used to train and validate models including support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), logistic regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), and gradient boosting (GB). Results Among 1,950 patients included in the data analysis, there were 483 patients identified as having complicated appendicitis (24.8%). Based on data without SMOTE adjustment for imbalance, the accuracy levels and AUCs were high in all models using different parameters, ranging from 0.687 to 0.815. After adjusting for imbalance data using SMOTE, AUC and accuracy levels in the models using imbalance adjusted data were higher. Of these, the GB had all AUC and accuracy values of approximately 0.8 or more in both adjusted and unadjusted data. Conclusions Machine learning approaches including SVM, DT, logistic, KNN, ANN, and GB have a high level of validity in classifying patients with complicated appendicitis and patients without complicated appendicitis. Among these, GB had the highest level of validity and should be used or further validated. Our study indicates the beneficial potentials of machine learning techniques in a clinical setting in general and in the diagnosis of complicated appendicitis in particular.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency in an Agrisilviculture System with Gliricidia sepium in the Cerrado Region

Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) is a tree legume that has great potential for use in agriculture because of its multiple-use characteristics. However, there is little information in the literature about the effect of agrisilvicultural systems on nitrogen (N) cycling. This study evaluated the effect of densities of gliricidia on N cycling under an agrisilvicultural system. The treatments were composed of different densities of gliricidia: 667, 1000 and 1333 plants ha−1, with a fixed spacing of 5 m between the alleys. The efficiency of N use was investigated by using the 15N isotope tracer. In each plot, a transect perpendicular to the tree rows was established in two positions: (i) in the corn (Zea mays) row adjacent to the trees, and (ii) in the corn row in the center of the alley. The N fertilizer recovery efficiency ranged from 39% in the density of 667 plants ha−1 to 89% with 1000 plants ha−1. The effect of gliricidia on the N uptake by corn was higher in the central position of the alley with 1000 plants ha−1. The agrisilvicultural system with 1000 plants ha−1 was highly efficient in the recovery of mineral N, representing an excellent option for integrated production systems in tropical regions.
OzCBI: the composite burn index adapted to assess fire severity and key fauna habitat features in Australian ecosystems

ABSTRACT Although fire management is essential to conserve ecosystems and protect communities in Australia, the best way to achieve these goals is controversial. Recent advances that use satellite imagery to map fire severity focus on canopy effects and provide limited ecological information. Fires and prescribed burns can also occur over weeks to months, limiting the relevance of a single post-fire image. We adapted the composite burn index, a field-truthing method commonly used in North America, to include parsimonious metrics that assess resprouting dynamics common among Australian eucalypts and the retention and recovery of key fauna habitat attributes. We used multitemporal satellite imagery to compile the greatest impacts within fire boundaries over several months and derive the maximum differenced normalised burn ratio (dNBR max). We used the dNBR max and a new field method, the OzCBI, to create distinct fire-severity models for three forested biogeographical regions in southwest Western Australia. Ecological outcomes were used to set thresholds between severity classes that were common to the three models. Balanced accuracies averaged above 0.7 across the models. This study demonstrates a practical method to incorporate ecological assessment into fire-severity maps. The approach informs efforts to achieve best-practice fire management that balances risk reduction and the conservation of natural environments. Key policy highlights The OzCBI is a parsimonious method for relating key habitat features to distinct fire-severity classes. Different biogeographic regions require distinct models relating satellite imagery and field-truthing. Multitemporal imagery increases the accuracy of severity maps when fires burn over extended periods (weeks to months).