Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurements of heavy-ion anisotropy and dose rates in the Russian section of the International Space Station with the Sileye-3/Alteino detector

In this work we present data on linear energy transfer (LET), dose and dose equivalent rates from different locations of the Russian part of the International Space Station (ISS) measured by the Sileye-3/Alteino detector. Data were taken as part of the ESA ALTCRISS project from late 2005 through 2007. The LET rate data shows a heavy-ion (LET keV/? m) anisotropy. From the heavy-ion LET rate in the Zvezda service module we find ISS (Starboard) and (Nadir) to be about 10? 15 times higher than in (Forward). The situation is similar for dose and dose equivalent rates, ranging from 25? 40 ? Gy d? 1 in to about 75 ? Gy d? 1 in , whereas for the dose equivalent the rate peaks in with around 470 ? Sv d? 1. The heavy-ion anisotropy confirms what has been reported by the ALTEA collaboration. Measurements using two sets of passive detectors, DLR-TLDs and PADLES (TLD+CR-39), have also been performed in conjunction with Alteino measurements, both shielded and unshielded. The passive detectors register a dose rate about 3? 5 times as high as Alteino, 260? 280 ? Gy d? 1 for PADLES and 200? 260 ? Gy d? 1 for DLR-TLDs. For the dose equivalent PADLES measurements ranges from 560? 740 ? Sv d? 1.
Ablation of NLRP3 inflammasome attenuates muscle atrophy via inhibiting pyroptosis, proteolysis and apoptosis following denervation

Rationale: The inflammasome has been widely reported to be involved in various myopathies, but little is known about its role in denervated muscle. Here, we explored the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in experimental models of denervation in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Employing muscular NLRP3 specific knock-out (NLRP3 cKO) mice, we evaluated the effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome on muscle atrophy in vivo in muscle-specific NLRP3 conditional knockout (cKO) mice subjected to sciatic nerve transection and in vitro in cells incubated with NLRP3 inflammasome activator (NIA). To evaluate the underlying mechanisms, samples were collected at different time points for RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and the interacting molecules were comprehensively analysed. Results: In the experimental model, NLRP3 inflammasome activation after denervation led to pyroptosis and upregulation of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 expression, facilitating ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) activation, which was responsible for muscle proteolysis. Conversely, genetic knockout of NLRP3 in muscle inhibited pyroptosis-associated protein expression and significantly ameliorated muscle atrophy. Furthermore, cotreatment with shRNA-NLRP3 markedly attenuated NIA-induced C2C12 myotube pyroptosis and atrophy. Intriguingly, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation significantly suppressed apoptosis. Conclusions: These in vivo and in vitro findings demonstrate that during denervation, the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated and stimulates muscle atrophy via pyroptosis, proteolysis and apoptosis, suggesting that it may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuromuscular diseases.
Effects of alternating letter case on processing sequences of written words

In three grammatical decision experiments, we examined the impact of alternating letter case on sentence reading to determine the locus of case-alternation effects. Experiments 1 and 2 compared grammatical decision responses (“Is this a grammatically correct sequence of words or not? ”) in three different conditions: (1) SAME CASE/same case; (2) alternating CASE between WORDS; and (3) aLterNaTing cAsE wItHin WoRdS. For the grammatically correct sequences, we observed significantly faster responses in the same-case conditions compared with the between-word case manipulation, as well as a significant advantage for the between-word condition compared with within-word alternating case. These results confirm that case-alternation deteriorates sentence reading, but more so at the level of single word processing (within-word alternation) than at the sentence level (between-word alternation). Experiment 3 demonstrated that between-word case-alternation facilitates sentence processing compared with an all-lowercase condition when betweenWORDspacesAREremoved. Therefore, in the absence of between-word spacing, case changes across words facilitate sentence processing, possibly by guiding readers’ eyes to optimal locations for word identification.
Wave Mode Analyses of Gravity Waves Propagating in the Mesospheric Thermal Duct

A new model of gravity waves propagating in the mesospheric thermal duct is presented in this paper, partially ducted modes of gravity waves in the thermal duct are also discussed in detail. Analytic eigenfunctions and dispersion equations of the symmetric and asymmetric modes are separately derived; numerical solutions of these two dispersion equations are also presented. Furthermore, a two-dimensional full-implicit-continuous-Eulerian (FICE) scheme is used to simulate propagation of ducted gravity waves. The numerical results show that symmetric and asymmetric waves can be excited simultaneously after the penetration of initial disturbances into duct area. Wave structures of different wave modes would be separated due to their different travelling velocities in the duct layer. Calculated horizontal group velocities of ducted gravity waves agree well with those derived from the model analyses, and frequencies of these two ducted gravity waves are almost the same, though these waves are excited by disturbance with different initial frequencies. Both model analyses and numerical simulations indicate that characteristic of the gravity wave in a certain thermal duct is primarily determined by the initial horizontal wavenumber.
Impulsive control for permanent magnet synchronous motors with uncertainties: LMI approach

A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) may have chaotic behaviours under certain working conditions, especially for uncertain values of parameters, which threatens the security and stability of motor-driven operation. Hence, it is important to study methods of controlling or suppressing chaos in PMSMs. In this paper, the stability of a PMSM with parameter uncertainties is investigated. After uncertain matrices which represent the variable system parameters are formulated through matrix analysis, a novel asymptotical stability criterion is established by employing the method of Lyapunov functions and linear matrix inequality technology. An example is also given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
THE CIRCUMNUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT OF NEARBY NONINTERACTING SEYFERT GALAXIES

The conditions that prevail in the regions immediately surrounding the active nuclei in a sample of 20 nearby Seyfert galaxies are reported. Three of the nine Seyfert 1s show extended ionized gas structures in their circumnuclear regions. Eight of the 11 Seyfert 2s show extended ionized gas structures, some with quite complicated and rich morphologies. In the 11 extended-emission Seyferts, one-sided or two-sided distributions of relatively highly ionized emission line gas are seen. In all the cases studied, the forbidden O III-bright regions have spectra consistent with photoionization by a hard-photon spectrum. In the extended-emission Seyfert 1s, the H-alpha + forbidden N II and forbidden O III images have the same morphology, while the Seyfert 2s have different emission morphologies in the two different emission lines. The remaining galaxies are compact, with no suggestion of marginally resolvable nuclear substructure. 90 refs.
Polarized period map for generalized $K3$ surfaces and the moduli of Einstein metrics

KΩ := SO0(S, 19)/SO(2)xSO(19) . So, it is natural to ask what geometric objects correspond to the "hole" KΩ\KΩ° of the moduli space. The purpose of the present paper is to make some contribution to this question from differential geometric point of view. Namely we consider the polarized period map for KS surfaces with simple singular points. The flavor of our main result is most typical in the following:
On the Probability of Buffer Overflow Under an Arbitrary Bounded Input-Output Distribution

In this paper we study the behavior of a certain queue which arises when a finite buffer is used to store data. Specifically, our problem is the following. Every time instant $i( = 0,1, \cdots )X_i $ units of data arrive (say from a data source) for ultimate transmission over a channel or some other processor. At this same time instant, this channel will accept $Y_i $ data units for transmission. We assume that $\{ {X_i ,Y_i } \}_0^\infty $ are random variables such that with positive probability $Y_i < X_i $. Thus, at least some of the time, the channel will not be able to accept all the available data. We assume therefore that a buffer is interposed between the source and channel to store this excess. Let L be the size or capacity of the buffer. Occasionally the buffer will be full, and at these times the excess $(X_i - Y_i )$ units of data must be discarded and considered as lost. In this paper our primary concern is with $Q_1 (L)$, the average fraction of data which is lost due to the “buffer overflow.
On orthogonally exponential and orthogonally additive mappings

Let E be a real inner product space, (F,+) an abelian σ-bounded topological group, and K a discrete subgroup of F . It is proved that (under suitable assumptions on E) the Christensen and Baire measurable orthogonally additive functions g : E → F/K have particular selections. In consequence, descriptions of measurable orthogonally exponential complex functionals on E are obtained.
A mesh-free method boundary condition technique in open channel flow simulation

The mesh-free particle method has been successfully used in simulation of various types of flow. Small particle distance is typically used for representing the form of the simulation domain, requiring a large amount of computing time, accordingly, and, thus, seriously affecting the efficiency of the mesh-free method. In order to optimize the efficiency and accuracy of the mesh-free method in simulating open channel flow, a new approach based on the assigning velocity to ghost particles next to the solid boundary is developed. This ghost particle velocity correction also considers the bed roughness, the flow depth and the particle distance all together so that larger particle distance can be used in open channel flow simulations with the mesh-free method, requiring less simulation time, while the correct velocity distribution over depth is still maintained. Experimental cases are used to compare the numerical results to show the advantages of using this improved method.
Interpretation of auroral radar experiments using a kinetic theory of the two-stream instability

The evaluation of auroral radar measurements in terms of the Farley-Buneman instability is reviewed and adjusted to recent observational (Te > Ti) and theoretical (propagation not exactly perpendicular to the magnetic field, high growth rates of the unstable waves) evidence that applies for the high-latitude E region. The kinetic dispersion relation of the instability is studied in detail for a wavelength of 1 m in order to facilitate comparisons with the STARE auroral radar. The results of this new approach are compared with the results obtained with the simple dispersion relation which has so far been used to evaluate auroral radar experiments. It is shown that the new method results in considerably higher electron drift velocities in the case of strong convection. This means that with the former simple dispersion relation the electron drift velocities and electric fields have often been underestimated.
SELF-ESTEEM AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG STUDENTS WITH AND WITHOUT PHYSICAL DISABILITY

The study was conducted to determine the relationship between self-esteem (SE) and quality of life (QOL) among students with and without physical disabilities. Further, it also explored the gender differences in the level of self-esteem and quality of life in participants. Through purposive sampling 200 participants (100 physically disabled & 100 normal) were selected from 4 universities of Gujrat and Islamabad. The WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL Group, 1998) and State Self-esteem Scale (Heatherton & Polivy, 1991) were used for data collection. Results revealed that self-esteem has a significant positive relationship with quality of life (r=.89, p=.00). Results indicate that there was a significant difference in the scores of self-esteems and quality of life among normal and disabled students. It was also highlighted that normal and physically disabled female student had a low level of self-esteem and quality of life than normal and physically disabled male students. The findings also indicated that self-esteem is a significant predictor of quality of life among students. This study concluded that the physical disability of participants has not significantly affected the individual’s self-perceptions but it also plays role in determining the quality of life. Keywords: Self-esteem, quality of life, physical disability, students, gender difference, University.
Managing Quality Improvement and Risks in the Hospital Emergency Department: A Systematic Literature Review

The research aims to understand the current state of knowledge on risk, quality improvement and resilience in the healthcare field, namely in hospitals emergency departments, in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. There is the need to valorize the emergency department role that has been underestimated even if it represents the most important linkage point between territorial healthcare assistance and hospital management. The study adopted a systematic literature review approach to summarize existing evidence on managing quality improvement and risks in the healthcare field. Following the inclusion criteria, a total of 59 articles published between 2011 and 2019 were detected. The authors analyzed the bibliometric characteristics and classified the works into three main themes and four sub-themes (Service quality, composed of Effectiveness of quality improvement strategies and Medical scribes;and Risk management, including Handoff and Crowding issues;Resilience). A cross-analysis of the themes highlights future research opportunities and managerial implications for professionals and academics and the development of interventions to enhance the value creation process in the healthcare ecosystem. This research emphasizes the need to invest in emergency department improvement for pursuing the patients’ wellbeing.
Maintenance of Northern Summer Stationary Waves in a GCM

Abstract The maintenance of northern summer stationary waves is studied with data from a 15-year integration of the general circulation model (GCM) experiment performed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. The model has relatively high resolution (rhomboidal 30 wavenumbers, 9 vertical levels) and simulates the summertime stationary waves reasonably well. A steady, linear, baroclinic model is used to understand the various forcing mechanisms for the northern summer stationary waves. The linear model response to global diabatic heating is found to play a dominant role in maintaining the summertime stationary waves in the GCM, especially in the subtropics. This response to diabatic heating shows a baroclinic structure in the vertical with a node at about σ = 0.5. On the other hand, stationary nonlinear interaction terms are found to be largely responsible for the extratropical, equivalent barotropic stationary wave features. It is hypothesized that this nonlinear interaction is a result of the therm.
An abstract normalisation result with applications to non-sequential calculi

We study normalisation of multistep strategies, strategies that reduce a set of redexes at a time, focussing on the notion of necessary sets, those which contain at least one redex that cannot be avoided in order to reach a normal form. This is particularly appealing in the setting of non-sequential rewrite systems, in which terms that are not in normal form may not have any \emph{needed} redex. We first prove a normalisation theorem for abstract rewrite systems or ARS, a general rewriting framework encompassing many rewriting systems developed by P-A.Mellies. The theorem states that multistep strategies reducing so called necessary and non-gripping sets of redexes at a time are normalising in any ARS. Gripping refers to an abstract property reflecting the behavior of higher-order substitution. We then apply this result to the particular case of the Pure Pattern Calculus, a calculus of patterns and to the lambda-calculus with parallel-or.
Manifolds, Tensor Analysis, and Applications

The purpose of this book is to provide core material in nonlinear analysis for mathematicians, physicists, engineers, and mathematical biologists. The main goal is to provide a working knowledge of manifolds, dynamical systems, tensors, and differential forms. Some applications to Hamiltonian mechanics, fluid mechanics, electromagnetism, plasma dynamics and control theory are given using both invariant and index notation. The prerequisites required are solid undergraduate courses in linear algebra and advanced calculus.
Explosive tail reconnection: The growth and expansion phases of magnetospheric substorms

In the current “conceptual” model of magnetospheric substorms, the growth phase terminates and the expansion phase commences with the onset of rapid reconnection at a new, near-earth X-type neutral line. Physical concepts developed in the analysis of the collisionless tearing mode and the flow of collisionless plasma in weakly magnetized, thin current sheets are combined to construct a model of purely collisionless, time-dependent, ion-dominated reconnection. Formulated in the context of time-dependent magnetospheric convection, the model describes the reconnection collapse of the initially thick plasma sheet. In the nonlinear phase the reconnection rate grows explosively in time and saturates into a steady collisionless reconnection flow when the initial magnetic flux in the current sheet has reconnected; at saturation the reconnection rate is comparable to the maximum Petschek rate. The time scale and dynamics of the explosive reconnection model are broadly consistent with observations of substorm growth phase and expansion phase onset. For typical plasma sheet parameters the explosive reconnection electromotive force across the tail approaches 1 MV at saturation.
Detection efficiency of large-active-area NbN single-photon superconducting detectors in the ultraviolet to near-infrared range

We report our studies on spectral sensitivity of meander-type, superconducting NbN thin-film single-photon detectors (SPDs), characterized by GHz counting rates of visible and near-infrared photons and negligible dark counts. Our SPDs exhibit experimentally determined quantum efficiencies ranging from ∼0.2% at the 1.55 μm wavelength to ∼70% at 0.4 μm. Spectral dependences of the detection efficiency (DE) at the 0.4 to 3.0-μm-wavelength range are presented. The exponential character of the DE dependence on wavelength, as well as its dependence versus bias current, is qualitatively explained in terms of superconducting fluctuations in our ultrathin, submicron-width superconducting stripes. The DE values of large-active-area NbN SPDs in the visible range are high enough for modern quantum communications.
Spectrum of the Dirac operator on Gr2(Cm+2)

The spectrum of the Dirac operator, acting on the quaternion-Kahler spin symmetric space Gr2(Cm+2), is explicitly computed by harmonic analysis methods: in particular “branching rules” for irreducible representations of the Lie group SU(m+2) and its subgroup S(U(m)×U(2)), are given.
Specular reflection vs. backscattering for transdermal OCT-based glucose monitoring with an implantable sensor system

The reliability of optical techniques for non-invasive monitoring of glucose can be significantly improved by the deployment of a subcutaneous implantable sensor that can closely track the changes in the local concentration of glucose in skin. We have developed a novel implantable sensor that can track glucose-induced changes in the optical turbidity of the implant. In this sensor, optical turbidity decreases significantly with increased glucose concentrations. We performed comparative measurements by optical coherence tomography (OCT) used to monitor backscattering or specular reflection originated from specific structures within the sensor and by collimated light transmission measurement technique to measure the changes in light attenuation as function of glucose concentration within the sensor as well as when the sensor was implanted in phantom media or in tissue samples. These measurements showed that glucose-induced changes in the transmission values derived from OCT monitoring of the sensor turbidity differed up two times from those obtained by collimated transparency measurement (CTM) technique. These results were used to determine the values for scattering coefficients of tissue and the sensor and to estimate the relative loss in sensor sensitivity as a function of implantation depth in tissue. The results suggest that the implantable sensor can be placed in turbid medium such as skin up to an optical depth of 12 mean free paths (mfp), one could expect. For a turbid medium such as skin with a scattering coefficient (µs ) of 10mm-1, this would result in geometrical depth of implantation at 1.2 mm beneath the tissue where sensor sensitivity of 50% or higher is expected. The study demonstrates that it could be feasible to engineer a novel optical sensor for glucose monitoring that can be implanted under the skin while providing a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for non-invasive glucose monitoring.
Implementation of the Homotopy Perturbation Sumudu Transform Method for Solving Klein-Gordon Equation

This paper extends the homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform method (HPSTM) to solve linear and nonlinear fractional Klein-Gordon equations. To illustrate the reliability of the method, some examples are presented. The convergence of the HPSTM solutions to the exact solutions is shown. As a novel application of homotopy perturbation sumudu transform method, the presented work showed some essential difference with existing similar application four classical examples also highlighted the significance of this work.
Bénard cells and Taylor vortices

Part I. Benard Convection and Rayleigh-Benard Convection: 1. Benard's experiments 2. Linear theory of Rayleigh-Benard convection 3. Theory of surface tension driven Benard convection 4. Surface tension driven Benard convection experiments 5. Linear Rayleigh-Benard convection experiments 6. Supercritical Rayleigh-Benard convection experiments 7. Nonlinear theory of Rayleigh-Benard convection 8. Miscellaneous topics Part II. Taylor Vortex Flow: 9. Circular Couette flow 10. Rayleigh's stability criterion 11. G. I. Taylor's work 12. Other early experiments 13. Supercritical Taylor vortex experiments 14. Experiments with two independently rotating cylinders 15. Nonlinear theory of Taylor vortices 16. Miscellaneous topics.