Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure and Biosynthesis of Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor (HSAF), a Broad-Spectrum Antimycotic with a Novel Mode of Action (cid:1)

A screen for antifungal compounds from Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3, a bacterial biological control agent of fungal diseases, has previously led to the isolation of heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF). HSAF exhibits inhibitory activities against a wide range of fungal species and shows a novel mode of antifungal action by disrupting the biosynthesis of a distinct group of sphingolipids. We have now determined the chemical structure of HSAF, which is identical to that of dihydromaltophilin, an antifungal metabolite with a unique macrocyclic lactam system containing a tetramic acid moiety and a 5,5,6-tricyclic skeleton. We have also identiﬁed the genetic locus responsible for the biosynthesis of HSAF in strain C3. DNA sequencing of this locus revealed genes for a hybrid polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS), a sterol desaturase, a ferredoxin reductase, and an argi- nase. The disruption of the PKS-NRPS gene generated C3 mutants that lost the ability to produce HSAF and to inhibit fungal growth, demonstrating a hybrid PKS-NRPS that catalyzed the biosynthesis of the unique macrolac- tam system that is found in many biologically active natural products isolated from marine organisms. In addition, we have generated mutants with disrupted sterol desaturase, ferredoxin reductase, and arginase and examined the metabolites produced in these mutants. The work represents the ﬁrst study of the genetic basis for the biosynthesis of the tetramic acid-containing macrolactams. The elucidation of the chemical structure of HSAF and the identi- ﬁcation of the genetic locus for its biosynthesis establish the foundation for future exploitation of this group of compounds as new fungicides or antifungal drugs. wild type or mutants that resulted from random insertion did not produce any of the PCR fragments. To identify the NPRS-disrupted mutants, PCR was carried out with primer N1 (ACGCCAAGCTCGAAATTAAC) and primer N2 (ATC GAGCATTACCGCAACAG). The expected size of the PCR product is 695 bp, and this product produces two fragments of 225 bp and 470 bp upon SphI digestion. To identify the ferredoxin reductase gene-disrupted mutants, PCR was carried out with primer Ferr-1 (ACGACAGCCTTTTCAGCTTC) and primer T7. The expected size of the PCR product is 661 bp, and this product produces two fragments of 209 bp and 452 bp upon SacI digestion and two fragments of 272 bp and 389 bp upon SmaI digestion. To identify the sterol desaturase gene-disrupted mutants, PCR was performed with primer T7 and primer S5 (TGAACGGATTATCAGAGCAC). The expected product is a 957-bp fragment that produces three fragments of 670 bp, 171 bp, and 116 bp upon SphI digestion. To identify the arginase gene-disrupted mutants, PCR was conducted with primer T7 and primer Arg1 (GTTCGCATCCACCTCTTTTTC). The expected size is 606 bp, and this product produces two fragments of 294 bp and 312 bp upon SalI digestion. Isolation and HPLC analysis metabolites from strain C3 and mutants.
Differential (cid:2) v integrin–mediated Ras-ERK signaling during two pathways of angiogenesis

ntagonists of (cid:2) v (cid:3) 3 and (cid:2) v (cid:3) 5 disrupt angiogenesis in response to bFGF and VEGF, respectively. Here, we show that these (cid:2) v integrins differentially contribute to sustained Ras-extracellular signal–related kinase (Ras-ERK) signaling in blood vessels, a requirement for endothelial cell survival and angiogenesis. Inhibition of FAK or (cid:2) v (cid:3) 5 disrupted VEGF-mediated Ras and c-Raf activity on the chick chorioallantoic membrane, whereas blockade of FAK or integrin (cid:2) v (cid:3) 3 had no effect on bFGF-mediated Ras activity, but did suppress c-Raf activation. Furthermore, retroviral delivery of active Ras or c-Raf promoted ERK activity and angiogenesis, which anti- (cid:2) v (cid:3) 5 blocked upstream of Ras, whereas anti- (cid:2) v (cid:3) 3 blocked downstream of Ras, but upstream of c-Raf. The activation of c-Raf by bFGF/ (cid:2) v (cid:3) 3 not only depended on FAK, but also required p21-activated kinase-dependent phosphorylation of serine 338 on c-Raf, whereas VEGF-mediated c-Raf phosphorylation/activation depended on Src, but not Pak. Thus, integrins (cid:2) v (cid:3) 3 and (cid:2) v (cid:3) 5 differentially regulate the Ras-ERK pathway, accounting for distinct vascular responses during two pathways of angiogenesis.
Identiﬁcation of three human renin mRNA isoforms from alternative tissue-speciﬁc transcriptional initiation

Identiﬁcation of three human renin mRNA isoforms from alternative tis-sue-speciﬁc transcriptional initiation. Physiol Genomics 3: 25–31, 2000. —We have reported that mice transgenic for 140- and 160-kb P1 phage artiﬁcial chromosomes (PACs) containing the human renin gene express the gene in a highly tissue-restricted and regulated manner. Herein, we demonstrate that the transgene is also expressed appropriately throughout development. In the course of this investi-gation, we identiﬁed the existence of three transcriptional isoforms of human renin mRNA derived from the utilization of alternative transcription start sites. The ﬁrst isoform is the kidney-speciﬁc isoform, which utilizes the classic renin promoter. The second is a brain-speciﬁc isoform, which when previously identiﬁed in rats and mice was due to a transcription initiation site within intron A. However, the start site in the human gene resides ; 1,325 bp upstream of the classic promoter and encodes a new exon 1 (termed exon 1b) that splices directly to exon 2. The third isoform is lung speciﬁc and is due to transcriptional initiation 79 bp directly upstream of exon 2, fusing additional DNA within intron A (termed exon 1c) directly to exon 2 without splicing. Impor-tantly, the alternative ﬁrst exons observed in the PAC transgenic mice were identical to those used to transcribe renin in human fetal kidney, brain, and lung, suggesting these sites are bona ﬁde isoforms of human renin mRNA and not arti-facts of transgenesis. Moreover, the subtle differences in tissue-speciﬁc transcriptional initiation observed in the renin gene of rats and humans can be faithfully and accurately emulated in a transgenic model.
Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Classification and Multi-Criteria Methods: A Case Study of Can Tho City, Vietnam

This study aimed to classify groundwater quality in Can Tho City, Vietnam using groundwater quality index (GWQI), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA). Groundwater samples were collected in April (dry season) and October (rainy season) in 2019 and then analyzed for thirteen parameters including pH, color, total hardness, chloride, sulfate, chemical oxygen demand, magnesium, total iron, nitrate, arsenic, lead, mercury, and coliforms. The results showed that groundwater quality in Can Tho City was contaminated with coliforms in both seasons. COD and Cl - was found exceeded the allowable limits in several wells in the dry season. The other groundwater parameters were within the permissible limits. GWQI values indicated that groundwater quality was in excellent state. The CA results revealed that groundwater quality in the dry season was more spatially varied than that in the wet season. In addition, CA revealed that groundwater monitoring sites could be reduced by 9 sites and 12 sites in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The PCA results showed that 63.4% and 73.9% of the groundwater variation in the dry and wet seasons were explained by four PCs and three PCs, respectively. All the groundwater quality monitoring parameters were significantly and influenced by geological factors, domestic wastes, industrial and agricultural activities. Coliform should be completely treated before domestic use of groundwater in the study area. Future study should focus on investigating contribution of specific polluting sources for appropriate management measures.
SOME BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF THE DIATOM NITZSCHIA CLOSTERIUM (W. SMITH) TO COPPER AND ZINC

: Some biological responses of the marine diatom Nitzschia closterium to copper and zinc were studied. The species was isolated from the Gulf of Suez and grown in liquid culture with enriched filtered seawater over a maximum period of 10 days. The results indicated that low concentrations of copper (1 and 5 μg.l -1 ) and zinc (10, 20 and 50 μg.l -1 ) stimulated the growth, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a,c and carotenoids), total soluble proteins as well as 0 2 -evolution in photosynthesis and dark respiration (0 2 uptake) of the diatom as compared with the control culture. Whereas, higher concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 300 μg. l -1 copper and 100, 200, 300, 400 and 600 μg. l -1 zinc inhibited the above metabolic processes of the organism (taking into consideration that the culture treated with 10 μg.l -1 zinc produced the same O 2 -uptake as in the control culture). Statistically, there exists reverse correlation between the different concentrations of copper and zinc and the metabolic processes of Nitzschia closterium as proved with linear regression equations.
Development and evaluation of new primers for PCR-based identiﬁcation of type II ﬁmA of Porphyromonas gingivalis

For more accurate PCR-based identiﬁcation of Porphyromonas gingivalis harboring genotype II ﬁmA , the most prevalent type in periodontitis patients, a new primer set was developed and evaluated. The previous type II primers hybridized to the DNA of P. gingivalis strains harboring type Ib as well as type II ﬁmA , while the new primers speciﬁcally ampliﬁed only the DNA fragment of type II ﬁmA . In the investigation using mixed bacterial culture and 155 clinical samples from peri-implantitis patients, the new primers increased the accuracy of PCR-based detection of type II ﬁmA
Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-EBV activities of olive leaf ( Olea Europea ) extracts from Tunisia CURRENT STATUS: UNDER REVIEW

Background: Olive tree leaves ( Olea europaea ) are widely used in traditional medicine in the Mediterranean Region. Interest in the olive leaf and its chemical constituents has recently been increasing. Its benefits, however, have been known for centuries, and it has been traditionally used to prevent and treat different diseases. The aim of this study was the determination of antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and anti-EBV effects of olive leaves. Methods : The present study was focused on extraction of leaves of olea europea cultivated and wild type from two different geographical tunisian zone: Sfax and El Kef, and the determination of antimicrobial activities against Gram- and Gram+ bacteria and fungi. Olive leaves was analyzed for antioxidant power in chemical system by the DPPH test and the chemiluminescence and in biological system by lipid peroxydation tests (MDA and DC) in Raji cells lines. The antiviral (anti-EBV) effects of olive leaves were assessed using indirect immunofluorescence technique. Results: The antioxidant effect was studied by chemiluminescence where a significant decrease on reactive oxygen species production was observed after leaves olive extract treatment. Antioxidant activities were studied by direct reactive oxyden species assay using chemical systems. The results very interesting for both wild type and cultivated in the two regions since we obtained IC50s of the order of 20.79 μg / ml (cultivated sfax) with DPPH scavening radical. The best result obtained when used olive leaves extract cultivated from Sfax. Our results showed a protection against oxidative stress, highlighted by a significant decrease in MDA and DC levels (p <0.05). Also, a significant antiviral effect of leaves of olive cultivated in Sfax against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was determined. Conclusion: The olive leaves extracts analyzed in this work showed a potent antimicrobial activity, an antioxidant activity was expressed by a significant decrease in the production of ERO in the Raji cell line and an anti-EBV effect. cells treated withTPA [8nm]). 3*106 cells are cultured in the presence and absence of TPA and OLCS simultanuously at a non-cytotoxic concentration (0.3 mg / ml). After washing with PBS, the cells are cultured for 48 h. The level of MDA produced is evaluated by the TBARS technique. The results are expressed in mmoles / mg of proteins (*: p <0.05).
New Emulsion Containing Paraffinic Compounds New Emulsion Containing Paraffinic Compounds

Emulsions are thermodynamically unstable systems and are used in various types of industrial applications such as oil recovery, resin preparation, among many other applications. In the present work are discussed and shown data of the new emulsion system formed by components Chitosan/SDS/Hexane. The preparation and characterization of this emulsion were used the techniques of tensiometry, turbidity and flow time. The methodology requires that the participation of the paraffinic compounds as hexane, the biopolymer chitosan and the anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecylsulfate (SDS) with favor- able intermolecular interactions between these three components. The results showed that a larger amount of chitosan about 85% (v/v) in the system causes of an increase in the value of surface tension, reaching 39.62 mN/m. However, high amounts of SDS about 70% (v/v) there is an increase in the turbidity values of the emulsions, with a maximum value of 110.8 NTU.
Observation of (cid:1) c ð 1 S Þ and (cid:1) c ð 2 S Þ decays to K þ K (cid:1) (cid:2) þ (cid:2) (cid:1) (cid:2) 0 in two-photon interactions

þ (cid:2) (cid:1) (cid:2) 0 using a data sample of 519 : 2fb (cid:1) 1 recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e þ e (cid:1) collider at center-of-mass energies near the (cid:1) ð nS Þ ( n ¼ 2 , 3, 4) resonances. We observe the (cid:3) c ð 1 S Þ , (cid:4) c 0 ð 1 P Þ and (cid:3) c ð 2 S Þ resonances produced in two-photon interactions and decaying to K þ K (cid:1) (cid:2) þ (cid:2) (cid:1) (cid:2) 0 , with signiﬁcances of 18.1, 5.4 and 5.3 standard deviations (including systematic errors), respectively, and report 4 : 0 (cid:5) evidence of the (cid:4) c 2 ð 1 P Þ decay to this ﬁnal state. We measure the (cid:3) c ð 2 S Þ mass and width in K 0 S K (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:3) decays, and obtain the values m ð (cid:3) c ð 2 S ÞÞ ¼ 3638 : 5 (cid:2) 1 : 5 (cid:2) 0 : 8 MeV =c 2 and (cid:2) ð (cid:3) c ð 2 S ÞÞ ¼ 13 : 4 (cid:2) 4 : 6 (cid:2) 3 : 2 MeV , where the ﬁrst uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. We measure the two-photon width times branching fraction for the reported resonance signals, and search for the (cid:4) c 2 ð 2 P Þ resonance, but no signiﬁcant signal is observed.
EVALUATE THE ECOTOXICOLOGICAL RISKS OF TREATED HOSPITAL WASTEWATER USING DAPHNIA MAGNA BIOASSAY

The hospital wastewater has been one of the concerned effluents so far. In Vietnam, the majority of hospital wastewater has not well treated before released into nature. In this study, wastewater samples were collected at the out let of a hospital and analyzed with thirteen of chemical and biological parameters, followed with toxicity bioassay. The Daphnia magna was exposed to the wastewater at the concentrations of 10; 30; 50% (v/v) for chronic test during 14 days. Adversely chronic effects were observed with the end points of survivorship and reproduction. Our results showed that most chemical and biological parameters (11/13) were within the guideline values of Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Health Care Wastewater (QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT) for discharge into nature, except pH and Nitrate. However, the wastewater reduced on survivorship and reproduction of the organism in chronic exposures. The dead neonates in brood chamber of mother daphnids were observed in 30 and 50% of wastewater exposures while the malformation of the neonate was detected in 10% of wastewater incubation. Results of this study showed that there were potentially risks to aquatic organisms from the hospital wastewater and a need for revision the National Technical Regulation on Health Care Wastewater (QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT) to protect sensitive organisms in aquatic ecosystems.
GALACTOSYLATED FUCOSE EPITOPES IN NEMATODES: INCREASED EXPRESSION IN A CAENORHABDITIS MUTANT ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED LECTIN SENSITIVITY AND OCCURRENCE IN PARASITIC SPECIES*

‡ Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria § Institut für Mikrobiologie, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland ¶ Institut für Parasitologie and || Vetomics Core Facility for Research, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, A-1210 Wien, Austria ** Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Universität Wien, A-1030 Wien, Austria ‡‡ Biochemisches Institut, Fachbereich Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität, D-35292 Gießen, Germany
The History of SchizophreniaResearch in Japan

When schizophrenia research began in Japan in the late 19th century, it mainly followed the German school. Since World War II, however, Japanese research has been more influenced by the developments in American psychiatry. The research in Japan has included studies in epide-miology, histopathology, cerebral metabolism, animal models using amphetamine, postmortem brain chemistry, psychophysiology, psychopathology, and protective inter-vention from relapses. Principal do-mains of current studies are subjective phenomena in psychopathology and biological correlates of cerebral dysfunctioning in schizophrenia.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Modeling Online Art Auction Dynamics Using Functional Data Analysis

In this paper, we examine the price dynamics of on-line art auctions of modern Indian art using functional data analysis. The purpose here is not just to understand what determines the ﬁnal prices of art objects, but also the price movement during the entire auction. We identify several factors, such as artist characteristics (established or emerging artist; prior sales history), art characteristics (size; painting medium—canvas or paper), competition characteristics (current number of bidders; current number of bids) and auction design characteristics (opening bid; position of the lot in the auction), that explain the dynamics of price movement in an on-line art auction. We ﬁnd that the eﬀects on price vary over the duration of the auction, with some of these eﬀects being stronger at the beginning of the auction (such as the opening bid and historical prices realized). In some cases, the rate of change in prices (velocity) increases at the end of the auction (for canvas paintings and paintings by established artists). Our analysis suggests that the opening bid is positively related to on-line auction price levels of art at the beginning of the auction, but its eﬀect declines toward the end of the auction. The order in which the lots appear in an art auction is negatively related to the current price level, with this relationship decreasing toward the end of the auction. This implies that lots that appear earlier have higher current prices during the early part of the auction, but that eﬀect diminishes by the end of the auction. Established artists show a positive relationship with the price level at the beginning of the auction. Reputation or popularity of the artists and their investment potential as assessed by previous history of sales are positively related to the price levels at the beginning of the auction. The medium (canvas or paper) of the painting does not show any relationship with art auction price levels, but the size of the painting is negatively related to the current price during the early part of the auction. Important implications for auction design are drawn from the analysis. the dynamics of the auction? The ﬁndings of Beggs and Graddy [10] in art auctions and Nunes and Boatwright [22] in automobile auctions suggest some interesting options to explore. Will the placement of an important artist’s works spread over the auction enhance the prices? Will an important painting by an important artist followed by a painting by an emerging artist provide greater energy and yield higher prices? Examining such strategies using FDA will provide valuable insights on the price formation and the dynamics of price during an auction. Such insights are valuable because they can help auctioneers order the lots to maximize prices realized.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CAROTID-FEMORAL PULSE WAVE VELOCITY AND CAROTID INTIMA -MEDIA THICKNESS WITH AGE & GENDER IN CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA) PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROL INDIVIDUAL

: The objective is to compare the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid intima -media thickness with age & gender in Cerebro Vascular Accident patients and healthy control individuals. Both C-F PWV and CIMT were higher in CVA patients as compare to healthy control and more in males as compared to females in both groups and were statistically significant. Increase in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (C-F PWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in CVA patients indicate the risk of atherosclerosis with increasing age and in male gender as compared to females.
Riding velocity and payload conditions affecting weave modal shape: subjective assessment on riding safety

The target of the research is to improve rider safety related to dynamic stability. By the installation of accelerometers, the identification of the weave vibration mode has been carried out for different vehicles, payloads and riding speeds. The question piloting the research is: can different vehicles, having the same weave modal damping, but characterized by a different vibration shape, being differently rated by users? The answer is affirmative. It follows how the performed analysis did not limit to the modal damping as stability indicator only, but also investigated the correlation between the shape of vibration and the rider safety assessment.
Additional acceleration of cosmic rays in the interstellar medium

The effects of reacceleration on cosmic rays have been studied over a wide charge and energy range using a model of reacceleration by the interstellar turbulence. We take into account only inevitable stochastic reacceleration of cosmic rays by the random hydrodynamic waves, which supposedly exist in the interstellar medium and provide a means for cosmic-ray scattering and spatial diffusion in the Galaxy. Our calculations reproduce not only the B/C ratio but also the H and He data over the entire energy range where the measurements are available. However, the sub-Fe to Fe ratio is not fitted as well as the B/C ratio, and the reacceleration effect does not seem to remove the need for truncation of short path lengths, which is apparently required by the standard leaky box model. This work demonstrates that the cosmic-ray data can be represented at least as well by a reacceleration model with a simple rigidity power-law escape length, which agrees with the Kolmogorov-type spectrum of hydromagnetic turbulence, as they can by the standard leaky box model with its ad hoc escape lengths.
Women on boards: do quotas affect firm performance?

In this paper, we investigate the impact of gender quotas on firm performance using countries worldwide that have introduced a gender quota with sanction as a quasi-natural experiment. Our statistical analysis shows that board members' characteristics significantly change after the implementation of the gender quota. The results of our empirical analysis provide evidence that gender quotas have a neutral impact on firm performance in the short term and in the longer term, independently of changes in directors’ age, education, nationality, experience or independence. Our findings provide evidence that policymakers can use mandatory quotas to force firms to achieve gender balance on corporate boards without a negative impact on firm performance. Our results also suggest that policymakers create unrealistic expectations for women to boost firm performance.