Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mineralization of nitrogen from N labeled crop residues at varying temperature and clay content

A laboratory incubation experiment was carried out for 85 days to monitor the N mineralization during the decomposition of N labeled wheat and rice straws incorporated at 5 g kg soil at varying temperatures and with soils of varying clay content. Results have shown that N mineralization surpass immobilization 40th day onwards. Irrespective of temperature and clay content, mineralization of rice residue N was found to be significantly higher than that of wheat residue throughout the incubation period. Increasing temperature and clay content both had positive effect on residue N mineralization. At 85th day after incubation N mineralization from the residues was found to be 13 14%. Clay content, temperature, composition of the residues are important factors controlling plant residues decomposition under laboratory conditions.
The first proof of protonated anion tetrahedra in the tsumcorite-type compounds

Åbstract Hydrothermal synthesis produced the new compound SrCo2(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)(H2O). The compound belongs to the tsumcorite group (natural and synthetic compounds with the general formula M(1)M(2)2(XO4)2(H2O,OH)2; M(1)1+,2+,3+ = Na, K, Rb, Ag, NH4, Ca, Pb, Bi, Tl; M(2)2+,3+ = Al, Mn3+, Fe3+, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; and X5+,6+ = P, As, V, S, Se, Mo). It represents (1) the first Sr member, (2) the until now unknown [7]-coordination for the M(1) position, (3) the first proof of (partially) protonated arsenate groups in this group of compounds, and (4) a new structure variant. The crystal structure of the title compound was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The compound is monoclinic, space group P21/a, with a = 9.139(2), b = 12.829(3), c = 7.522(2) Å, β= 114.33(3)º, V = 803.6(3) Å3, Z= 4 [wR2 = 0.065 for 3530 unique reflections]. The hydrogen atoms were located experimentally.
Effect of Oxygen Content on Defect Formation in Pure-Silica Core Fibers

There is slight lack of stoichiometry in pure silica glass, which varies according to the synthesis process. The lack of stoichiometry leads to defect formations: the 245 nm absorption band and drawing-induced E' centers are formed in oxygen-deficient silica, but peroxy radicals and drawing-induced 2 eV band are formed in oxygen-rich silica. The 245 nm band seems to be caused by the Si-Si bonding.
Accuracy of Laser Ablation U‐Pb Zircon Dating: Results from a Test Using Five Different Reference Zircons

Using a state‐of‐the‐art 193 nm‐LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS system and with careful control of analytical procedures, the long term external reproducibility and accuracy of the ages Phanerozoic zircons measured over a period of months using calibrator bracketing for the 206Pb/238U and 207Pb/206Pb ages were ca. 1% (2 RSD) if a single reference zircon was used for the matrix‐matched calibration. When different reference zircons were used for the calibration, suspicious systematic shifts in the obtained ages were observed and thus a reduction in the overall accuracy of the dating method became obvious. Such shifts were within a few percent range of the U‐Pb and Pb/Pb ages and seemed to vary independently of zircon age and composition. A “test of accuracy” experiment was conducted reducing instrumental effects as far as possible by analysing five different reference zircons mounted on a single mount eight times during the same session. An identical protocol was used for all analyses, with unchanged instrument parameters and with ion beam intensities kept as identical as possible. For data reduction, every zircon served consecutively as the reference zircon for calibration, with the others in the batch treated as unknowns. The known reference age and the four calculated ages obtained using the four other RMs for calibration were then compared. Even using such a strict analytical protocol, shifts in 206Pb/238U, 207Pb/235U and 207Pb/206Pb ratios were still present. They varied non‐systematically and ranged from −4.35% to 3.08% for the investigated age range (1065 Ma to 226 Ma). Assuming the absence of instrumental effects (i.e., memory, dead‐time correction, non‐linearity of ion counters and interdetector calibration, crystallographic orientation, ablation cell geometry and setup, gas flows), the observed shifts were attributed to matrix and/or ablation related effects. It is proposed that non‐spectral matrix effects in the Ar plasma torch resulted in non‐uniform signal enhancement (or depression? ) leading to shifts both in elemental and Pb isotopic ratios. Additionally, the ablated particle size distribution could be an important factor controlling plasma conditions and thus mass bias and fractionation. Until such effects are well understood and controlled, it would seem that any LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb and 207Pb/206Pb age determination cannot be meaningfully interpreted at below a ca. 3% to 4% (2 RSD) confidence level.
Current limitations of molecular dynamic simulations as probes of thermo-physical behavior of silicate melts

Abstract Molecular dynamic simulations offer promise as an essential tool, complementary to experiments, for expanding the reach of computational thermodynamics in igneous petrology by evaluating excess thermodynamic properties of multicomponent silicate melts. However, we present evidence suggesting that current practices in simulation may not achieve the precision needed to predict complex phase equilibria relevant to modeling the Earth’s interior evolution. We highlight the importance of quantification of the chemical short-range order in terms of cation-cation pairs in the melt and its impact on different kinetic aspects of molecular dynamic simulations. We analyze published molecular dynamic simulation studies of silicate melts to identify specific criteria and best practices for achieving and demonstrating equilibrium and producing accurate results. Finally, we propose a list of experimental and numerical investigations that need to be performed in the future to ensure full consistency between these two approaches to reduce the gap in our fundamental understanding of silicate melts between the atomic level and the macroscopic scale.
Temperature and Quality Characteristics of Infrared Radiation–Dried Kelp at Different Peak Wavelengths

Drying experiments on kelp (seaweed species) were conducted using air drying (AD) and infrared radiation drying (IRD) at different emission peak wavelengths of 2.4, 3.0, 5.0, and 6.0 µm. Temperature characteristics of the dried kelp were determined in terms of temperature distribution and surface–interior temperature variation. Rehydrated ratio, color, and texture before and after rehydration were measured to evaluate the quality of dried kelp products. Dielectric properties were also studied to observe the characteristics of rehydrated dried products. The results indicated that the total drying time required for IRD products was approximately 120 min, reduced by 56% compared to AD (275 min). Infrared-dried products at 2.4 μm wavelength and AD products were found to be more uniform from the thermal images and had higher rehydration ratios compared to others. IR-2.4 rehydrated products were the closest to blanched samples in hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. This research work concluded that infrared radiation drying has potential to be used for drying of kelp.
Effect of Fe2O3 in Fe2O3/AP Composite Particles on Thermal Decomposition of AP and on Burning Rate of the Composite Propellant

A technique of composite processing of Fe2O3 and ammonium perchlorate (AP) was employed in making the propellant. The effects of composite processing of Fe2O3 on catalytic activity, on the thermal decomposition of AP, and on the burning rate of the composite propellant were investigated in this paper. Fe2O3/AP composite particles were prepared by a novel solvent-nonsolvent method. The results show that AP is successfully coated on the surface of Fe2O3. Composite processing of Fe2O3 and AP can improve the catalytic activity of Fe2O3. Fe2O3 exhibits better catalytic effect with increasing Fe2O3 content. The larger interface between Fe2O3 and AP and lower density of composite propellant (with the added Fe2O3/AP composite particles) are responsible for the enhancement of the catalytic activity of Fe2O3.
High U(VI) adsorption capacity by mesoporous Mg(OH)2 deriving from MgO hydrolysis

Hierarchical mesoporous–macroporous MgO (HMMM) is successfully synthesized by using a facile calcination method. Mesoporous Mg(OH)2 produced from HMMM hydrolysis in uranium solution was used to remove U(VI) from aqueous solutions. TEM confirms that mesoporous Mg(OH)2 partly retains interconnected porous structure of HMMM. Influence of U(VI) concentrations, adsorbent dosage, solution pH, salt concentration, contact time and temperatures on the adsorption properties were studied. The results indicate that mesoporous Mg(OH)2 exhibits excellent adsorption properties, particularly at high uranium concentration. The maximum adsorption capability of U(VI) is 3111 mg g−1 and the highest uranium removal efficiency is 99% at an initial uranium concentration of 500 mg L−1. We also demonstrate that HMMM hydrolysis process greatly improves adsorption capability of U(VI). The isotherm evaluations reveal that the Freundlich model attains a better fit to the experimental equilibrium data than the Langmuir model. The results of adsorption kinetics and adsorption mechanism for U(VI) indicate that chemical adsorption is the rate-limiting step. Furthermore, mesoporous Mg(OH)2 can be regenerated by using 1 M Na2CO3, which is reused with 9.3% loss of activity. Therefore, the mesoporous Mg(OH)2 is a potential absorbent in wastewater treatment because of its high uptake capability of U(VI).
Surface treatment and characterization of PMMA, PHEMA, and PHPMA

Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA), and poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PHPMA) were modified to improve the wettability by two techniques: plasma and plasma source ion implantation. The modified surfaces were characterized to investigate the dependence of the modification and hydrophobic recovery on the polymer structure. The differences obtained under optimal experiment conditions among the polymers were interpreted in terms of their polymer structures including the glass transition temperature. The surface free energy, calculated from the contact angle measurements, revealed that its polar component was a dominant factor in improving the wettability. The PSII treatment created more functional groups on the surface and extensively modified the polymer layer than the plasma treatment.
Constructing an Understanding of Black Student Athletes’ Achievement Concerns at a Private Hispanic Serving Institution

Many research studies have reported on scholastic inconsistencies in graduation rates and academic achievement in higher education among Black male student athletes. Studies focusing on the lived experiences of these student athletes are limited. This qualitative exploration focused on the perceived effects of institutional practices among Black male student athletes within a private Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) and sought to answer the following research questions: “How can institutional policy address the academic inadequacy concerns that Black male student athletes face in a small Hispanic Serving Institution? ” and “How can Black male student athletes be provided with the academic and social support necessary to be successful? ” Critical Race Theory was used as an analytical framework to query, examine, and challenge university practices that affect educational attainment of minority groups. A focus group consisting of eight Black male student athletes, and a phone interview with a campus administrator yielded four themes: Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Foundations, Building Affiliations, Mentoring, and Academic Success. Policy implications for institutional members and recommendations for campus officials are discussed.
Carrier transport in polythene

Charge carrier mobility has been determined for four characterized polythenes in vacuo, using a surface charge dissipation technique. The mobility has also been examined in two of these polythenes impregnated with iodine. The values of mobility obtained are significantly different for each of the materials, and introduction of iodine into the structure causes a mobility increase of about four orders of magnitude. The experimental results are discussed in terms of a hopping transport mechanism and indicate a significant barrier in transitions between crystalline and amorphous regions. The iodine appears to reduce trapping either by carrier acquisition and transport, or by charge exchange complex formation.
LIQUID CRYSTALLINE BEHAVIOUR OF HYDROGEN BONDED COMPLEXES OF A NON-MESOGENIC ANIL WITH P-N-ALKOXYBENZOIC ACIDS

Phase diagrams of binary mixtures of the non-mesogenic N -(p -methoxy- o -hydroxybenzylidbe ene)- p -aminopyridine with a series of p - n -alkoxybenzoic acids ranging from methoxy to hexadecyloxy were established using differential scanning calorimetry and polarising optical microscopy. The key results obtained are: (1) the formation of 1 1 hydrogen bonded complexes between the pyridine derivative and the alkoxybenzoic acids, (2) the stability of the alkoxybenzoic acid mesophases over a wide range of compositions (up to slightly over 50 mol% of the pyridine derivative), (3) the absence of additional mesophases corresponding specifically to the 1 1 complexes, and (4) the complete miscibility of the acids with the complexes in the mesomorphic state. With alkoxy chains from methoxy to heptyloxy, mixtures produce only nematic phases; they produce both nematic and smectic phases with chains from octyloxy to dodecyloxy, and only smectic phases with chains from tetradecyloxy to hexadecyloxy. The formation of hyd.
Metal Fluxes from Soils to Surface Waters at the Catchment Scale

This article reports the contribution of four rain events to the metal load [aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)] reaching a small stream draining an agroforestry catchment in northwestern Spain. During events and at base flow, the mean total metal contents present in the following order of abundance: Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > Cu. In general, the mean total metal concentrations in the stream were always higher during the rain events than during base flow. The contribution of dissolved metals to the total metal concentrations during events was less than 10% for Al, Fe, and Mn, whereas for Cu, and especially for Zn, its contribution was much higher and for Zn exceeded 50% in some events. Particulate fractions of Al, Mn, and Fe during rainfall events showed significant positive correlations with flow rate and suspended solids. Overall, it can be concluded that the amounts of Al, Fe, and Mn reaching the stream during rainfall events were related to the amount of soil erosion occurring in the catchment during rainfall events and not to leaching of these elements in solution. To a lesser extent this was also the case with Cu and Zn. Although the metal loss from the catchment during the rainfall events studied was relatively low, it was observed that one single rain event can contribute in an important way to the annual metal load in the small stream. The total metal loads in the stream differed between events.
Biocatalysis in non-conventional media—ionic liquids, supercritical fluids and the gas phase

During the last decades much attention has been paid, by both academia and industry, to the development of new solvents. The introduction of ILs, sc-fluids and solid–gas interphase reactions has definitely opened new perspectives. ILs have been introduced into organic chemistry to meet the increasing demand for clean technologies in industrial processes. However, the toxicology of ILs remains unclear and further studies are necessary to assess their sustainability. Use of supercritical fluids is already a mature technique and their power lies less in their number but more in the variety of characteristics that one sc-fluid can have depending on the pressure. Enzyme-catalysed reactions at the solid–gas interphase have undergone a rapid development, and this will definitely find a place in the production of high value added compounds, such as fragrances.
EFFECTS OF WALL TEMPERATURE AND FUEL ON FLAMMABILITY, STABILITY, AND CONTROL OF DUCTED PREMIXED FLAMES

The flow of premixed reactants in a duct with flames stabilized on a sudden expansion and an open downstream end gave rise to combustion oscillations of low frequency due to extinction and relight and high frequency due to longitudinal acoustic modes. This paper quantifies the flammability and stability limits and their temperature dependence; considers the nature of oscillations, their coupling and modulation effects with methane, propane and ethylene; and describes the extent to which they can be reduced in amplitude by oscillations imposed at discrete frequencies with and without active phase control and with the addition of small quantities of fuel close to the expansion.
Amine Surface Modifications and Fluorescent Labeling of Thermally Stabilized Mesoporous Silicon Nanoparticles

Mesoporous silicon (PSi) has been shown to have extensive application opportunities in biomedicine, whereas it has frequently failed to produce complex systems based on PSi due to the lack of surface functional groups or the instability of the unmodified PSi surface. In the present study, PSi nanoparticles, stabilized by thermal oxidation or thermal carbonization, were successfully modified by grafting aminosilanes on the surface. The modifications were performed by covalently bonding 3-triethoxysilylpropylamine (APTES) or 3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyldimethoxymethylsilane (AEAPMS) on thermally oxidized PSi (TOPSi) and thermally carbonized PSi (TCPSi). These materials were systematically characterized with N2 ad/desorption, TEM, contact angle, zeta potential, FT-IR, 29Si CP/MAS NMR, and elemental analysis. To evaluate their application potentials, a fluorescent dye, fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate (FITC), was coupled on the surface of amine-modified nanoparticles. The effects of PSi matrix and surface amino g.
FATIGUE AND SWITCHING PROPERTIES OF THE BLT THIN FILMS PREPARED BY SOL-GEL METHOD

ABSTRACT Fatigue and switching properties of BLT thin films fabricated on Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrates were investigated. Prepared films showed the strong (117) peak denoting Bismuth layered structure and the peaks representing c-axis orientation. The thickness of BLT thin films was about 240 nm and the densities of the elements Bi, La, Ti and O exhibited the relatively uniform distribution. The dielectric constant and loss of BLT thin films measured at 100 kHz were 292 and 0.07 respectively. The remanent polarization (2Pr) and coercive field (2Ec) of BLT thin films were 9.92 μ C/cm2 and 143 kV/cm respectively with applied electric field of 208 kV/cm, and the difference of switching polarization (P*) and non-switching polarization (P∧) had a decrease of approximately 15% of its initial value after 109 switching cycles. The switching time decreased from 0.61 μ s to 0.22 μ s as the input pulse voltage increased from 2 V to 5 V. As the load resistance increased from 50 Ω to 3.3 kΩ, the switching time increased from 0.25 μ s to 15.6 μs.
Investigation of Metabolism Using TLC—DAR and Reaction—Displacement TLC

Thin-layer chromatography has been used to monitor formaldehyde production during in-vivo metabolism of (-)-deprenyl. Formaldehyde was reacted with dimedone to yield its dimedone adduct, formaldemedone. Determination of 14C-labeled formaldemedone was performed by planar displacement chromatography. The separated bands were detected either by digital autoradiography or on X-ray film after contact autoradiography. Two-dimensional separations have improved the evaluation.
Use of an experimental design model to determine the impact of different fermentation parameters on the development of flavour compounds in wine

An experimental design developed by YOUDEN and STEINER (1975) was successfully applied to micro-fermentation experiments with two different grape musts. This tool allowed the verification of the impact of several fermentation parameters on the fermentation course and on flavour development with a restricted number of experiments. The positive effects of a higher fermentation temperature on the development of 3-mercaptohexanol, an important contributor to the characteristic aroma of the Petite Arvine wine, could be demonstrated.
Chemical components of the rhizome oil of Curcuma Heyneana val.

The chemical composition of the essential oil of Curcuma heyneana isolated by hydrodistillation was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The main constituents found in the oil were sesquiterpenoids, curcumanolide (19.6%), dehydrocurdione (17.2%), isocurcumenol (16.5%), curcumenol (13.7%), curcumenone (6.4%), and germacrone (5.0%). A diterpenoid identified as labda-8(17), 12-diene-15, 16-dial (4.8%) was also found as one of the components in the oil. These constituents were also isolated and identified from the chloroform extract of the dried rhizomes.
Effective Density and Volatility of Particles Emitted from Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles and Implications for Particle Mass Measurement

The effective density and volatility of particulate emissions from five gasoline direct injection (GDI) passenger vehicles were measured using a tandem differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA) system. The measurements were conducted on a chassis dynamometer at three steady-state operating conditions. A thermodenuder was employed to find the volatility and mixing state of the particles as well as the effective density of nascent and non-volatile particles (defined as particle phase remaining after denuding at 200°C). The mass–mobility exponent ranged between 2.4 and 2.7 for nascent (or undenuded) particles and between 2.5 and 2.7 for non-volatile particles; higher than typical diesel soot. The effective density function was 4278dm−0.438 ± 76.3 kg/m3 (for mobility diameter, dm, in nm) for nascent particles and 3215dm−0.395 ± 37.9 kg/m3 for non-volatile particles. The effective density functions of the non-volatile particles were fairly similar for the conditions studied. The uncertainty in using the effective density and mixing state data to determine the mass concentration of the aerosol by integrating mobility size distributions was examined. The uncertainty in mass concentration is minimized when only the non-volatile component is measured. However, the uncertainty in the mass concentration increases substantially if nascent particles are measured due to uncertainties in the particle mixing state and their associated effective densities. Furthermore, transient vehicle operation (cold-starts, accelerations, and decelerations) would likely change the mixing state of the exhaust particles suggesting it is difficult to accurately measure the mass concentration of undenuded GDI exhaust particulate using integrated size distribution methods. Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research