Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non‐linear time‐domain models for irregular wave diffraction about offshore structures

This paper is devoted to the numerical simulation of non‐linear wave diffraction by three‐dimensional (3D) surface‐piercing structures in the time domain. Two different methods are presented. First a second‐order diffraction model is described, in which a boundary‐element method combined with a time‐stepping procedure are used to solve the first‐ and second‐order diffraction problems in the time domain. The Stokes expansion approach of the free surface non‐linearities results in relatively moderate simulation times, so that long simulations in irregular incident waves become feasible. The model has previously been systematically validated by comparison with available semi‐analytical frequency domain results on regular wave diffraction about simplified geometries. In the present paper, the flexibility and stability of the time‐domain approach to second‐order wave diffraction are further demonstrated by the simulation of bichromatic wave diffraction over a large number of incident wave periods. The second part of the paper addresses the problem of fully non‐linear wave diffraction. Again, the solution procedure is based on a boundary element method (BEM) solution of the boundary‐value problem in the time domain, but the non‐linear boundary conditions are accounted for without any approximation this time. In this fully non‐linear diffraction model, an explicit description of the incident wave is exploited to solve the problem for the diffracted flow only. This approach has a number of practical advantages in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. In previous publications related to this approach stream‐function theory was utilized to model non‐linear regular incident waves. In this paper, irregular two‐dimensional (2D) incident waves are modelled by means of a recently developed fully non‐linear time‐domain pseudospectral formulation. An original coupling of this 2D pseudospectral model with the 3D non‐linear BEM model is proposed, and its effectiveness is shown on the case of 2D wave packets interacting with a vertical bottom‐mounted cylinder. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect and mechanism of acupuncture on Alzheimer’s disease: A review

With the development trend of an aging society, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become an urgent problem in the field of medicine worldwide. Cognitive impairment in AD patients leads to a decline in the ability to perform daily living and abnormalities in behavior and personality, causing abnormal psychiatric symptoms, which seriously affect the daily life of patients. Currently, mainly drug therapy is used for AD patients in the clinic, but a large proportion of patients will experience drug efficacy not working, and even some drugs bring severe sleep disorders. Acupuncture, with its unique concept and treatment method, has been validated through a large number of experiments and proved its reliability of acupuncture in the treatment of AD. Many advances have been made in the study of the neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of AD, further demonstrating the good efficacy and unique advantages of acupuncture in the treatment of AD. This review first summarizes the pathogenesis of AD and then illustrates the research progress of acupuncture in the treatment of AD, which includes the effect of acupuncture on the changes of biochemical indicators in AD in vivo and the specific mechanism of action to exert the therapeutic effect. Changes in relevant indicators of AD similarly further validate the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment. The clinical and mechanistic studies of acupuncture in the treatment of AD are intensified to fit the need for social development. It is believed that acupuncture will achieve new achievements in the treatment of AD as research progresses.
Magnitude of Maladaptive Coping Strategy and Its Associated Factors Among Adult Glaucoma Patients Attending Tertiary Eye Care Center in Ethiopia

Introduction Coping strategy is the mechanism by which patients adjust to the condition they face. It can be adaptive or maladaptive. A maladaptive coping strategy is a harmful and ineffective way of dealing with stress or anxiety. It is common among patients with chronic illnesses. Despite Ethiopia having a greater glaucoma prevalence, there was no evidence of patients with glaucoma using maladaptive coping mechanisms. Objective The main goal of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of maladaptive coping strategy use and the factors that associate with it among adult glaucoma patients enrolled in the Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center at the University of Gondar in Northwest Ethiopia in 2022. Methods and Materials At the University of Gondar, Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center, a facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 423 glaucoma patients chosen by a systematic random sampling technique from May 15 to June 30, 2022. Optometrists conducted an interview with the study subject and reviewed the medical record, and administered a pretested, structured questionnaire of the brief cope inventory assessment. In the multivariable logistic regression, binary logistic regression was performed to identify the related factors, and significance was taken into account when the p-value was less than 0.05 at the 95% confidence interval. Results The study found that among study participants 50.1% (95% CI: 45.1–54.5%) had a maladaptive coping strategy. Female sex (AOR=2.031, 95% CI:1.185–3.480), chronic medical illness (AOR=1.760, 95% CI:1.036–2.989), bilateral glaucoma (AOR=2.321, 95% CI: 1.328–4.055), receiving both drug and surgery treatment (AOR=1.895, 95% CI: 1.002–3.585), severe visual impairment (AOR=2.758, 95% CI:1.110–6.852), absolute glaucoma (AOR=2.543, 95% CI:1.048–6.169), duration of diagnosis >12 months (AOR=3.886, 95% CI: 2.295–6.580) were significantly associated with a maladaptive coping strategy. Conclusion and Recommendation Half of the participants had a maladaptive coping strategy. It is better to set and plan strategies that enable the integration of coping strategy care into the current treatment of patients with glaucoma to encourage positive coping strategies instead of maladaptive ones.
Lie Groups with Commuting and Anticommuting Parameters

In this paper we study analogs of Lie algebras and formal Lie groups. These analogs of groups differ from usual Lie groups, roughly speaking, in that they admit anticommuting canonical parameters. The analogs of Lie algebras differ from usual Lie algebras by properties of the commutator. In the definition of these objects an essential role is played by the gradient. In case it is trivial they become Lie groups and algebras in the usual sense. To these generalized objects we carry over classical theorems on the connection between Lie groups and algebras and the basic representation theory. Bibliography: 11 references.
Socioecological Predicament on Global Steeply Sloped Cropland

Cropland on steep slopes is crucial for smallholders to maintain food security and their livelihoods, but the social‐ecological predicament on global steeply sloped cropland is largely overlooked and remains unclear. Here we find that global steeply sloped cropland supports ∼168 million people's livelihoods. Large disparities in population pressure on steeply sloped cropland exist across the development spectrum, among which lower‐middle‐income countries have the highest population density (∼222 per km2) and low‐income countries have the largest population growth rate (∼62.1% from 2000 to 2020). Moreover, inhabitants of steeply sloped cropland, especially those belonging to low‐income countries, are marginalized from public services and face more environmental pressure represented by severe soil erosion and low cropland productivity. Our findings imply that residents of steeply sloped cropland deserve more attention to eradicate global poverty and inequality.
REVERSAL OF THE BERNOULLI EFFECT AND CHANNEL FLUTTER

Abstract This paper is concerned with the collapse and subsequent self-excited oscillation of compliant tubes conveying fluids. Our model considers a two-dimensional, inviscid, shear flow in a flexible channel of infinite length subject to linear, travelling varicose waves. Analysis of the boundary-value problem leads to two findings which do not seem to have been noticed before, despite the close attention this kind of fluid–structure interaction has attracted on account of its medical significance. The pressure perturbation on the wall has two components, the first is in-phase with the wall displacement and the second with the velocity of the wall motion. For potential flow, the first component is the only one tending to destabilize and is known as the Bernoulli effect. For shear flow, however, the sign of the pressure is reversed as the Bernoulli effect is overcome by the perturbations of the vorticity field. Streamline patterns show that Kelvin's “cats' eyes” are sheltered in the wider channel sections, rendering the effective flow passage smaller where the physical width is larger. The second component produces a wave drag, hence irreversible transfer of energy from the flow to waves. We argue that this is a possible mechanism for the self-excited oscillation observed in experiments. This mechanism is similar to Miles's (1957) mechanism of water wave generation by wind, which is a class B instability according to the Benjamin–Landahl categorization, but the accompanying reversal of the Bernoulli effect is different and depends essentially on the presence of a second boundary. The eigenvalue problem is also considered and it is shown that dynamic instability of long but finite wavelength could be experienced by compliant channels with thick walls, a typical application being the respiratory flow in the upper airways. The critical flow speed is given in terms of the channel properties.
A First-Order Transition of the Smectic A-Smectic C* in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

The static dielectric constant is calculated as a function of temperature using a mean field model close to the smectic A-smectic C* transition for the ferroelectric liquid crystal 4-(3-methyl-2-chlorobutanoyloxy)-4′-heptyloxybiphenyl (A7). This calculation of the dielectric constant is performed for the pure optically active compound (Tc = 73.4°C) and the temperature range is determined for a first-order smectic A-smectic C* transition from the mean field model. Our predicted values describe adequately the observed behaviour of the dielectric constant close to the smectic A-smectic C* transition and also the temperature range in the smectic A phase of A7.
Structural and Dynamical Analysis of the Hickson Compact Groups

Based on the spectroscopic survey of de Carvalho et al., we analyze the structural and dynamical properties of 17 Hickson compact groups. This analysis probes a region of 0. °5 × 0. °5 around each group and shows that most of them are part of larger structures. Our results also suggest that the Hickson sample is composed of different dynamical stages of the groups" evolution. Specifically, we identify three possible evolutionary phases among groups in the sample: loose groups, core + halo systems, and compact groups, each one presenting a distinct surface density profile. This sequence is consistent with the replenishment scenario for the formation and evolution of compact groups within larger and less dense systems.
Hot‐carrier light emission from silicon metal‐oxide‐semiconductor devices

Light emitted from energetic electrons and holes near the drain region of Si field‐effect transistor devices is measured spectrally resolved in the important energy range about the band gap. Using a sensitive Ge detector we examine the spectral range from 0.75 to 1.55 eV in order to identify and study the recombination of impact ionization generated electron‐hole pairs. Two distinct recombination lines are observed superposed on a continuum background.
The 6.7 keV Iron Line Distribution in the Galaxy

We have systematically observed the 6.7 keV iron line emission from the Galactic ridge with the X-ray satellite Ginga. The volume emissivity of the iron line emission from the Galactic ridge is approximated by an exponential disk model plus an arm component of Galactic radius 4 kpc. The scale height of the Galactic ridge emission is determined to be 100±20 pc. The iron line luminosity from the Galactic ridge is estimated to be (6.5±1.3)×10 36 ergs s -1 , which is ∼7% of the 2-10 keV band luminosity. We have also discovered another diffuse emission feature near the Galactic bulge with luminosity of about (2.8±0.8)×10 36 ergs s -1 . This emission is found to be extended to a higher Galactic latitude of more than 5°
Streamer propagation in non-uniform gaps at ambient atmospheric air pressures

Abstract The streamer propagation in point-plane, non-uniform gaps under high applied electric fields, prior to the impact of primary streamer on cathode, is analyzed. The configuration used is an anode hyperboloid with 50-μm radius of curvature, and a flat plate as the cathode. The applied voltage is 130-kV direct current, and an initial electron is assumed to exist close to the anode in ambient air. The geometry used is a two-dimensional axisymmetry with a gap of 5 cm between the anode and the cathode. It is shown that the streamer is formed on the anode tip as expected, and midway toward the cathode, it separates into two streamers, the primary streamer that continues its propagation toward the cathode, and the branched streamer expanding radially toward the outer boundaries. The qualitative behavior of the discharge is analyzed in terms of streamer speeds, radial and axial electric fields, charged particle densities, and conductive currents. A branched streamer plasma structure was observed along the path of the primary plasma structure expanding radially outwards.
The effect of the March 1991 storm on accumulated dose for selected satellite orbits: CRRES dose models

Three dose models are constructed using direct measurements of dose on the CRRES (Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite) in a low-inclination, geosynchronous-transfer orbit. The average model uses data taken over the entire 14 months of the CRRES mission from July 1990 to October 1991. The quiet model uses data from July 1990 to March 1991. The active model uses data from March 1991 to October 1991. The separation of the quiet and active periods is based on the 24 March 1991 solar particle event and subsequent solar wind shock which rearranged the inner magnetosphere radiation populations. The dose models are dose rate averages in grids of L and B/B/sub 0/. A software program (CRRESRAD), developed for the models, allows the calculation of dose behind four shielding thicknesses for any satellite orbit. In the active period, dose acquired in a circular, low-inclination orbit in the slot region is greater than in the quiet period by up to two orders of magnitude, making this region, heretofore thought to be relatively benign, comparable in radiation harshness to the peak of the inner radiation belt. The suitability of the CRRES dose models for evaluating dose in high inclination orbits is also discussed. >
Bounded Solutions of Dynamical Systems in the Plane under the Conditions of Instability

In this paper the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions of x' = A(t)x + h(t,x) under the assumptions of instability is studied, A(t) and h(t,x) being a square matrix and a vector function, respectively. The conditions for the existence of bounded solutions or solutions tending to the origin as t ∞ are obtained. The method: the system is recasted to an equation with complex conjugate coordinates and this equation is studied by means of a suitable Lyapunov function and by virtue of the Wazevski topological method. Applications to a nonlinear differential equation of the second order are given.
Observational constraints on a non-minimal Kähler potential in braneworld inflation

We study F-term supergravity inflation in the framework of the Randall–Sundrum type-2 braneworld scenario. We consider a non-minimal Kähler potential and apply the slow-roll approximation in the high-energy limit to derive various perturbation spectrum parameters. We show that the η problem is solved for some coupling parameter values not allowed in standard inflation studied in Bastero-Gil et al (2007 Phys. Lett. B 651 345–51). Suitable observational values of ns are also obtained for some values of brane tension. We also calculate other spectrum inflation parameters and show that observational bounds from WMAP7, BAO and H0 data are satisfied.
Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and risk of lung diseases: A Mendelian randomization analysis

Background Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) display a vital role in in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, however, the relationship between circulating IGF-1 and lung disease remains unclear. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the serum levels of IGF-1 and the outcomes data of lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were screened from the public genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was then performed to assess the independent impact of IGF-1 exposure on these lung diseases. Results Totally, 416 SNPs related to circulating IGF-1 levels among 358,072 participants in UK Biobank. According to a primary casual effects model with MR analyses by the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, the circulating IGF-1 was demonstrated a significantly related with the risk of asthma (OR, 0.992; 95% CI, 0.985-0.999, P=0.0324), while circulating IGF-1 showed no significant correlation with CODP (OR, 1.000; 95% CI, 0.999-1.001, P=0.758), lung cancer (OR, 0.979, 95% CI, 0.849-1.129, P=0.773), as well as IPIGFF (OR, 1.100, 95% CI, 0.794-1.525, P=0.568). Conclusion The present study demonstrated that circulating IGF-1 may be causally related to lower risk of asthma.
Serum miRNA modulations indicate changes in retinal morphology

Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in the developed world and the detection of its onset and progression are based on retinal morphological assessments. MicroRNA (miRNA) have been explored extensively as biomarkers for a range of neurological diseases including AMD, however differences in experimental design and the complexity of human biology have resulted in little overlap between studies. Using preclinical animal models and clinical samples, this study employs a novel approach to determine a serum signature of AMD progression. Methods Serum miRNAs were extracted from mice exposed to photo-oxidative damage (PD; 0, 1, 3 and 5 days), and clinical samples from patients diagnosed with reticular pseudodrusen or atrophic AMD. The expression of ~800 miRNAs was measured using OpenArray™, and differential abundance from controls was determined using the HTqPCR R package followed by pathway analysis with DAVID. MiRNA expression changes were compared against quantifiable retinal histological indicators. Finally, the overlap of miRNA changes observed in the mouse model and human patient samples was investigated. Results Differential miRNA abundance was identified at all PD time-points and in clinical samples. Importantly, these were associated with inflammatory pathways and histological changes in the retina. Further, we were able to align findings in the mouse serum to those of clinical patients. Conclusion In conclusion, serum miRNAs are a valid tool as diagnostics for the early detection of retinal degeneration, as they reflect key changes in retinal health. The combination of pre-clinical animal models and human patient samples led to the identification of a preliminary serum miRNA signature for AMD. This study is an important platform for the future development of a diagnostic serum miRNA panel for the early detection of retinal degeneration.
Note on the convergence of simulated annealing algorithms

Generalizing the results of Faigle and Schrader [Inform. Process. Lett. , 27 (1988), pp. 189–194] a short inductive proof is given that shows that the stationary distributions of a simulated annealing algorithm converge to a distribution, where nonoptimal elements are generated with probability zero, provided that the “weak reversibility condition” of Hajek [Math. Oper. Res., 13 (1988), pp. 311–329] holds.
Remote sensing for field pea yield estimation: A study of multi-scale data fusion approaches in phenomics

Introduction Remote sensing using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are prevalent for phenomics and precision agricultural applications. The high-resolution data for these applications can provide useful spectral characteristics of crops associated with performance traits such as seed yield. With the recent availability of high-resolution satellite imagery, there has been growing interest in using this technology for plot-scale remote sensing applications, particularly those related to breeding programs. This study compared the features extracted from high-resolution satellite and UAS multispectral imagery (visible and near-infrared) to predict the seed yield from two diverse plot-scale field pea yield trials (advanced breeding and variety testing) using the random forest model. Methods The multi-modal (spectral and textural features) and multi-scale (satellite and UAS) data fusion approaches were evaluated to improve seed yield prediction accuracy across trials and time points. These approaches included both image fusion, such as pan-sharpening of satellite imagery with UAS imagery using intensity-hue-saturation transformation and additive wavelet luminance proportional approaches, and feature fusion, which involved integrating extracted spectral features. In addition, we also compared the image fusion approach to high-definition satellite data with a resolution of 0.15 m/pixel. The effectiveness of each approach was evaluated with data at both individual and combined time points. Results and discussion The major findings can be summarized as follows: (1) the inclusion of the texture features did not improve the model performance, (2) the performance of the model using spectral features from satellite imagery at its original resolution can provide similar results as UAS imagery, with variation depending on the field pea yield trial under study and the growth stage, (3) the model performance improved after applying multi-scale, multiple time point feature fusion, (4) the features extracted from the pan-sharpened satellite imagery using intensity-hue-saturation transformation (image fusion) showed better model performance than those with original satellite imagery or high definition imagery, and (5) the green normalized difference vegetation index and transformed triangular vegetation index were identified as key features contributing to high model performance across trials and time points. These findings demonstrate the potential of high-resolution satellite imagery and data fusion approaches for plot-scale phenomics applications.
Flexoelectric effect on the electroelastic responses of bending piezoelectric nanobeams

Flexoelectricity, referring to a spontaneous electric polarization induced by strain gradient in dielectrics, presents a strong size dependency at the nanoscale. In the current work, the influence of the flexoelectric effect on the mechanical and electrical properties of bending piezoelectric nanobeams with different boundary conditions is investigated. Based on the extended linear piezoelectricity theory and the Euler beam model, analytical solutions of the electroelastic fields in the piezoelectric nanobeams subjected to both electrical and mechanical loads are obtained with the inclusion of the flexoelectric effect. Simulation results show that the flexoelectric effect on the elastic behavior of bending beams is sensitive to the beam boundary conditions and the applied electrical load. In addition, for a cantilever piezoelectric nanobeam, an axial relaxation strain is induced from the piezoelectric and flexoelectric effects, while these effects induce a resultant axial force in both the clamped-clamped.