Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Auditor's Ability to Detect Fraud: Internal and External Factors

Fraud cases that occur in Indonesia have fluctuated every year and in 2020 the number of state losses due to fraud is the largest in the last five years. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of internal factors (experience and professional skepticism) and external (whistleblowing and time budget pressure) on the ability of auditors to detect fraud. Sampling using a survey method in the form of a questionnaire given to respondents, namely internal auditors the inspectorate and produced as many as 55 samples. Data testing was carried out by multiple regression testing using the SPSS version 23 program. The results showed that internal factors consisting of experience and professional skepticism and external factors, namely whistleblowing, had a positive effect on the ability of auditors to detect fraud. Meanwhile, time budget pressure does not prove to have an effect on auditors' ability to detect fraud.
Wheat Yield and Weedness under Different Rate of Nitrogen Fertilization

In this study we tested yield and weediness in wheat cultivars Lazarica and Julija Mono grown under different regime of mineral nutrition. This investigation was conducted at the long term experiment on control variant (without fertilizers), second variant with nitrogen application (two sub variants with different rate of N) 2N 1 (80 kg N ha -1 ) and 2N 2 (120 kg N ha -1 ), third variant with NP fertilizer with two different rate of N application: 3N 1 (80 kg N ha -1 + 100kg P ha -1 ) and 3N 2 (120 kg N ha -1 + 100kg P ha -1 ) and fourth variant 4N 1 (80 kg N ha -1 + 60kg P ha -1 ) and 4N 2 (120 kg N ha -1 + 60kg P ha -1 ). Weediness varies in dependence of rate and variant of fertilization. The weed species Consolida regalis Gray, Convolvulus arvensis L. , Polygonum aviculare L. , Cirsium arvense L. , Agropyrum repens L. , Polygonum convolvulus L. was dominant on fertilized plots. The analyzed variability of grain yield depends of applied fertilizer variants. The lowest grain yield was found on control variant in both wheat cultivar Lazatica (1880kg ha -1 ), Julija Mono (1740kg ha -1 ) while the highest grain yield on variant 3N 2 (120 kg N ha -1 + 100kg P ha -1 ) Lazarica (3724kg ha -1 Julija Mono (4990kg ha -1 ) and low weediness.
Exploring the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and osteoporosis based on bioinformatics

Objective This study aimed to explore the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and osteoporosis (OP) based on bioinformatics. Methods The expression profiles of SLE and OP gene chips were searched through the GEO database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out to obtain the intersection. Then, the Funrich software was used to predict the upstream miRNAs of the intersection genes, and the miRNA–mRNA relationship network was constructed. Afterward, the String database and Cytoscape software were used to construct the protein interaction network of the intersection genes to screen out the key genes. Finally, the functions and related pathways of key genes were analyzed by using the DAVID database. Results ①A total of 140 intersection genes of SLE and OP were obtained; ②There were 217 miRNAs regulating the intersection genes; ③IL-4, FOS, TLR1, TLR6, CD40LG, CCR1 were the key genes in the protein interaction network; ④The DAVID enrichment analysis mainly covered the positive regulation of cytokine production, the regulation of osteoclast differentiation, macrophage activation and other biological processes, involving Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells Differentiation, IL-17 signaling pathway. Conclusions SLE and OP still have some highly overlapping differential gene expressions under the background of complex gene networks. The gene functions and signaling pathways involved can simultaneously regulate the two diseases, suggesting that there is a close relationship between the molecular mechanisms of the two diseases, and that it may be a target of drugs that interfere with two diseases at the same time.
A Novel Approach in Hybrid Energy Storage System for Maximizing Solar PV Energy Penetration in Microgrid

Nowadays, energy storage system is utilized in many countries for energy planning in the future. The changes in solar radiation lead to the overproduction of electricity in a solar photovoltaic generator. A hybrid energy storage system would play an important role in enhancing the reliability of power generation using the solar system. The microgrid is the indispensable infrastructure of the smart grid in photovoltaic systems. In this paper, the energy storage system within the microgrid of the PV system is analysed. The storage system configuration and topologies of the microgrid are analysed with power electronic interference, control scheme, and optimization of the renewable source and energy storage system. A general sizing technique for HESS in a PV system based on pinch analysis and design space. The size of HESS scales that connect generator ratings to storage capacity is created by utilizing the pinch analysis on load and resource data. The design space is a feasible combination of a short-, long-, and medium-sized energy storage system in a PV generator.
Experiences of Preservice Music Teachers at Minority Serving Institutions

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of preservice minority music teachers at Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs). Six undergraduate music education majors at two MSIs classified as Historically Black Colleges & Universities (HBCUs) completed field observations as a part of their music education requirements. I conducted individual interviews with each participant to uncover how preservice music teachers who attend MSIs describe their experiences as they matriculate through a music education program. Data were analyzed and coded to generate three themes: (a) stressful demands of the music education major, (b) immersion in school settings develops confidence, and (c) critical faculty mentoring and peer support. The experiences of preservice music teachers at MSIs are shared along with implications and recommendations for future research.
The Cause of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Theory of Multipathology Convergence to Chronic Neuronal Stress

The field of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research critically lacks an all-inclusive etiology theory that would integrate existing hypotheses and explain the heterogeneity of disease trajectory and pathologies observed in each individual patient. Here, we propose a novel comprehensive theory that we named: the multipathology convergence to chronic neuronal stress. Our new theory reconsiders long-standing dogmas advanced by previous incomplete theories. Firstly, while it is undeniable that amyloid beta (Aβ) is involved in AD, in the seminal stage of the disease Aβ is unlikely pathogenic. Instead, we hypothesize that the root cause of AD is neuronal stress in the central nervous system (CNS), and Aβ is expressed as part of the physiological response to protect CNS neurons from stress. If there is no return to homeostasis, then Aβ becomes overexpressed, and this includes the generation of longer forms that are more toxic and prone to oligomerization. Secondly, AD etiology is plausibly not strictly compartmentalized within the CNS but may also result from the dysfunction of other physiological systems in the entire body. This view implies that AD may not have a single cause, but rather needs to be considered as a spectrum of multiple chronic pathological modalities converging to the persistent stressing of CNS neurons. These chronic pathological modalities, which include cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and CNS structural changes, often start individually, and over time combine with other chronic modalities to incrementally escalate the amount of stress applied to CNS neurons. We present the case for considering Aβ as a marker of neuronal stress in response to hypoxic, toxic, and starvation events, rather than solely a marker of AD. We also detail numerous human chronic conditions that can lead to neuronal stress in the CNS, making the link with co-morbidities encountered in daily clinical AD practice. Finally, we explain how our theory could be leveraged to improve clinical care for AD and related dementia in personalized medicine paradigms in the near future.
Glycemic responses to carbohydrate sources in the horse.

There is increasing interest in the use of point-of-care glucometers to monitor glucose concentrations in horses with metabolic disorders. The first study reported herein compared equine glucose concentrations obtained by a handheld glucometer using whole blood or plasma, a YSI 2300 bench top glucose analyzer using whole blood or plasma, and a SEVEN continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device that measured glucose in interstitial fluid to readings obtained by a standard laboratory glucose analyzer utilizing plasma. In addition, glucose concentrations obtained by the CGM were compared to those obtained by the handheld glucometer using whole blood or plasma. Post-prandial increases and decreases in glucose concentrations were detected utilizing all glucometers tested. When glucose measurements obtained with the CGM in interstitial fluid were compared to glucose measured using the handheld glucometer in plasma or whole blood, glucose measurements from plasma had better reproducibility. Although the CGM could be a useful instrument for collecting nearly continuous data for the researcher and clinician, there are technical difficulties related to the CGM that must first be overcome. The second study was designed to compare the effects of consuming a twice-daily meal of sweet feed (SF) to ad libitum access to a molasses-based block (BL) supplement on patterns of interstitial glucose concentrations in horses. A novelty effect of the BL was observed, in which horses consumed increased quantities in the first 12 h. Treatments had no effect on intake of forage in this study. The range and means of glucose values were similar between treatments, and significant glucose responses to treatments had lag times that were indirectly similar, even though molasses intake was greater for horses on BL. Variability between horses was noted in quantity of BL consumed as well as timing and magnitude of glucose responses. Based on the results of this experiment, there does not appear to be a clear advantage to either treatment, SF or BL, in attenuating post-prandial glucose increases or in minimizing glucose fluctuations in the horse.
Late-Holocene paleomagnetic secular variation records from Lake Turkana, East Equatorial Africa

We have carried out a paleomagnetic study of three piston cores collected from Lake Turkana. The goal is to recover a Holocene paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) record for this lake and to correlate it with other Holocene PSV records from the East Africa Rift Valley (EARV). All three cores were sampled with u-channels and magnetic measurements of magnetic susceptibility, the natural remanence (NRM), and two artificial remanences, anhysteretic remanence (ARM) and saturation isothermal remanence (SIRM), were made on them. The remanences were routinely step-wise demagnetized and measured at 10 mT steps up to 60 mT. The NRMS had a simple pattern of demagnetization with a characteristic direction (ChRM) removed between 10 and 60 mT. ARM and SIRM demagnetization indicated that the magnetic grains were relatively soft with median destructive fields (MDF) less than 30 mT. We interpret the magnetic grains to be multi-domain (silt-sized) magnetite/titanomagnetite. The resulting magnetic records of all three cores could be correlated. A chronology for these cores was determined from four radiocarbon dates on core 4P. We also estimated the sediment ages by correlating the PSV to two other well-dated PSV records from the same region, Lakes Malawi and Victoria. PSV age estimation indicates that the radiocarbon dates are about 500 year too old; a correction for that offset causes three of the four radiocarbon ages to become consistent with the PSV age estimates. The final composite Lake Turkana PSV record for the last ~4000 years is the highest resolution directional record of PSV (~200 cm/ky) ever to be recovered from Africa.
Initial validation of a computer-based assessment battery for pilot selection in the Norwegian Air Force

The main purpose of this study was to examine the predictive validity of a new computer-based assessment (CBA) battery introduced in the Norwegian Air Force for pilot selection. By replacing the existing mechanical and paper- and-pencil based test versions with one based on CBA technology we intended to improve the selection process both in terms of efficiency and quality. The test battery was administered to a sample of applicants already screened on paper-and pencil tests. Approximately 10% of the applicants are finally admitted to Basic Flying School thus, the predictive validity was estimated on a highly selected sample (N=108). The criteria used in this study were pass/fail in training as well as instructors' ratings. The instructors used behaviourally anchored rating scales (BARS), which were grouped into two composite scores (pilot skills and personal skills). The mean test score based on all 13 tests was significantly correlated with pass/fail in basic training (r=.26), and several of the individual tests were significantly related to both pass/fail and the other criteria (pilot skills and personal skills). The findings are promising, indicating that the CBA approach may represent a step forward in our effort to improve the pilot selection process in the Air Force. However, the findings should be replicated on a larger sample as more candidates are selected.
A hybrid grey-based fuzzy C-means and multiple objective genetic algorithms for project portfolio selection

Project portfolio selection is an important issue in project portfolio management (PPM) process. This paper presents a novel decision support system (DSS) to aid the manager in project portfolio selection approach. The selection model is based on grey relational analysis (GRA) with intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy number as well as fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm. The proposed approach of this paper first clusters different projects based on fuzzy C-means algorithm and then ranks various projects in each cluster by grey relational analysis (GRA) concept. Finally, Pareto combination of rank and risk in a portfolio is determined by multiple objective genetic algorithm. The proposed framework is tested in a case study to show its usefulness and applicability in practice.
Computational modeling of biological cells and soft tissues

Computational Modeling of Biological Cells and Soft Tissues. (May 2008) Ginu Unnithan Unnikrishnan, B.Tech., Kerala University, India; M.S., Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. J.N. Reddy Biological materials are complex hierarchical systems subjected to external stimuli like mechanical forces, chemical potentials and electrical signals. A deeper understanding of the behavior of these materials is required for the response characterization of healthy and diseased conditions. The primary aim of this dissertation is to study the mechanics of biological materials like cells and tissues from a computational perspective and relate its behavior with experimental works, so as to provide a framework for the identification and treatment of pathological conditions like cancer and vascular diseases. The first step towards understanding the behavior of a biological cell is to comprehend its response to external mechanical stimuli. Experimentally derived material properties of cells have found to vary by orders of magnitude even for the same cell type. The primary cause of such disparity is attributed to the stimulation process, and the theoretical models used to interpret the experimental data. The variations in mechanical properties obtained from the experimental and theoretical
Ultrasound and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Characteristics Associated With cN1 and Microscopic pN1 in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Objectives Lymph node metastases (LNMs) could be stratified into clinical N1 (cN1) and microscopic pN1 (pathological N1), which bear different biological behavior and prognosis. Our study aimed to investigate the associations between LNMs and primary tumor’s US (ultrasound) and CEUS (contrast-enhanced ultrasound) characteristics based on the stratification of LNMs into cN1 and microscopic pN1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods From August 2019 to May 2020, 444 consecutive PTC patients who underwent preoperative neck US and CEUS evaluation were included. According to regional lymph node status, the patients were classified into cN1 group versus cN0 (clinical N0) group and microscopic pN1 group versus pN0 (pathological N0) group. For multiple PTCs, the largest one was selected for the evaluation of US, CEUS and clinical features. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of cN1 and microscopic pN1. Results 85 cN1 versus 359 cN0 patients and 117 microscopic pN1 versus 242 pN0 patients were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that <55-years-old (OR: 2.56 (1.08–6.04), male [OR: 2.18 (1.22–3.91)], large size [OR: 2.59 (1.71–3.92)], calcification [OR: 3.88 (1.58–9.51)], and hyper-enhancement [OR: 2.78 (1.22–6.30)] were independent risk factors of cN1, while <55-years-old [OR: 1.91 (1.04–3.51)], large size [OR: 1.56 (1.003–2.42)], multifocality [OR: 1.67 (1.04–2.66)] were independent risk factors of microscopic pN1. Conclusions For patients with PTC, young age, male, large size, calcification, and hyper-enhancement were independent predictors of cN1, while young age, large size and multifocality were independent predictors of microscopic pN1.
EFFECTS OF METHODS A AND B BACKFILL ON FLEXIBLE CULVERTS UNDER HIGH FILLS

Two large-diameter; structural steel plate pipes embedded in deep embankments were instrumented and tested to assess circumferential soil stress distributions, deformations, and internal strains. Construction techniques included the "imperfect trench" method (method B backfill) and positive projection (method A backfill). Method B uses layers of baled straw over a 114-in. (290-cm) pipe under 89 ft (27 m) of overfill. Method A consists of ordinary embankment materials surrounding twin, 108-in. (274-cm) pipes under 160 feet (49 m) of overfill. Method B soil stress-fill height functions were nonlinear; strains and strain gradients in the pipe walls were larger than those observed for the method A installation. Radial displacements were smaller than those observed for the method A installation. Method A soil stress-fill height functions were essentially linear. Observed deformations and stresses were compared with theoretical values obtained from Marston's theory, the Iowa deflection formula, and the ring compression method. The ring compression method provided correlations that were sufficient for design purposes. Internal strains were correlated with external, measured pressures by nautral point and finite element methods. Baled straw inclusions are not recommended for future designs of flexible pipe culverts. Design can be based on ring compression with a safety factor of 4, but a 70 percent increase in soil densities may be anticipated over a period of time after fill completion.
Efficacy of the falling less in Kansas toolkit

An effort to provide fall prevention education to rural older adults has led to the development of a fall prevention toolkit, Falling Less in Kansas. Usability testing was done to determine the ease of use of the toolkit within the target population. Older adults were recruited from rural Kansas communities to perform the toolkit tasks. Task completion was evaluated for time, accuracy, and completion. Although most tasks were completed without difficulty, a few required the assistance of the investigators. The Falling Less in Kansas toolkit is an effective and user-friendly method to educate rural older adults on fall prevention.
Concordance between Self-Reported Drug Use and Urinalysis in a Sample of Black American Women

Abstract Background Obtaining accurate drug use data is important in the field of substance use research. Urinalysis, considered gold standard, can be costly or infeasible, whereas self-report is quick and easy, but susceptible to imperfect recall or misrepresentation. It is important to determine the concordance between self-report and urinalysis, and better understand the contexts and participant characteristics that influence self-report accuracy. The current study aims to assess this concordance for marijuana and cocaine in a sample of Black American women, some with criminal justice exposure, and to investigate predictors of non-concordance. Methods In this longitudinal study, a sample of Black American women were recruited from community, prison, and probation settings. Self-report drug use and urine drug screens were obtained at 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-ups, allowing for the calculation of concordance. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess participant characteristics that predicted non-concordance (both false positives and false negatives). Results In general, there was agreement between self-report and urinalysis results for both marijuana and cocaine. Baseline drug use status was the most consistent predictor of non-concordance. Individuals recruited while on probation were more likely to have false negative results and less likely to have false positive results. Additionally, concordance rates for marijuana increased over the follow-up period. Conclusions Self-reported marijuana and cocaine use are accurate measures of actual drug consumption in a sample of Black American women with a variety of criminal justice interactions.
Ant diversity inhabited oil palm plantations in a peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Johari A, Hermanto MA, Wulandari T. 2021. Ant diversity inhabited oil palm plantations in a peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 158-163. Ant community is one of the soil biotic components with diverse roles, including pollinators, predators, decomposers, parasites, and herbivores. Changes in land use from natural habitats to plantations affect the diversity and composition of ants because these groups are very vulnerable to environmental changes. The purpose of the study was to analyze the diversity of ants (Formicidae) found in peatland planted with oil palm. The study was conducted on peatland in Gambut Jaya village, Sungai Gelam sub-district, Muaro Jambi district, Indonesia from October 2019 to May 2020. The research was conducted through surveys in two peatland locations (natural peatland and oil palm plantation) using the purposive sampling technique through the stages of transect making, field sampling, sample preparation, and identification. A total of 2636 individuals of ants were collected from natural peatland, while 3183 individuals were found in oil palm plantations. Eight ant species were identified from both study sites belong to four subfamilies, namely Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, and Ponerinae. Among the species, Dolichoderus thoracicus were most dominant, composed 63.6% in natural peat-land and 73.6% in oil palm plantation. The diversity index of ant species in natural peatland was higher (0.97) than that in oil palm plantations (0.88), indicate the change in the abundance and diversity of ant species in oil palm plantations. Therefore, efforts to preserve the habitat of ants by maintaining their microhabitat and resource, as well as conserving the important species such as natural enemies of pests, need to be taken into account in peatland management.