Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New features for query dependent sponsored search click prediction

Click prediction for sponsored search is an important problem for commercial search engines. Good click prediction algorithm greatly affects on the revenue of the search engine, user experience and brings more clicks to landing pages of advertisers. This paper presents new query-dependent features for the click prediction algorithm based on treating query and advertisement as bags of words. New features can improve prediction accuracy both for ads having many and few views.
Flip-N-Write: A simple deterministic technique to improve PRAM write performance, energy and endurance

The phase-change random access memory (PRAM) technology is fast maturing to production levels. Main advantages of PRAM are non-volatility, byte addressability, in-place programmability, low-power operation, and higher write endurance than that of current flash memories. However, the relatively low write bandwidth and the less-than-desirable write endurance of PRAM remain room for improvement. This paper proposes and evaluates Flip-N-Write, a simple microarchitectural technique to replace a PRAM write operation with a more efficient read-modify-write operation. On a write, after quick bit-by-bit inspection of the original data word and the new data word, Flip-N-Write writes either the new data word or the “flipped” value of it. Flip-N-Write introduces a single bit associated with each PRAM word to indicate whether the PRAM word has been flipped or not. We analytically and experimentally show that the proposed technique reduces the PRAM write time by half, more than doubles the write endurance, and achieves commensurate savings in write energy under the same instantaneous write power constraint. Due to its simplicity, Flip-N-Write is straightforward to implement within a PRAM device.
Generating Straight Outlines of 2D Point Sets and Holes using Dominant Directions or Orthogonal Projections

Representing the shape of finite point sets in 2D by simple polygons becomes a challenge if the resulting outline needs to be non-convex and straight with only few, distinct edges and angles. Such outlines are usually sought in order to border point sets that originate from man-made objects, e.g., for the purpose of building reconstruction from LIDAR data. Algorithms for computing hulls of point sets obtained from such structures usually yield polygons having too many edges and angles and may thus not capture the actual shape very well. Furthermore, many existing approaches cannot handle empty domains within the boundaries of a point set (holes). In this paper, we present methods that create straight, non-convex outlines of finite 2D point sets and of possibly contained holes. The resulting polygons feature fewer vertices and angles than hulls and can thus faithfully represent objects of angular shapes.
The View from the Trees: Nocturnal Bull Ants, Myrmecia midas, Use the Surrounding Panorama While Descending from Trees

Solitary foraging ants commonly use visual cues from their environment for navigation. Foragers are known to store visual scenes from the surrounding panorama for later guidance to known resources and to return successfully back to the nest. Several ant species travel not only on the ground, but also climb trees to locate resources. The navigational information that guides animals back home during their descent, while their body is perpendicular to the ground, is largely unknown. Here, we investigate in a nocturnal ant, Myrmecia midas, whether foragers travelling down a tree use visual information to return home. These ants establish nests at the base of a tree on which they forage and in addition, they also forage on nearby trees. We collected foragers and placed them on the trunk of the nest tree or a foraging tree in multiple compass directions. Regardless of the displacement location, upon release ants immediately moved to the side of the trunk facing the nest during their descent. When ants were released on non-foraging trees near the nest, displaced foragers again travelled around the tree to the side facing the nest. All the displaced foragers reached the correct side of the tree well before reaching the ground. However, when the terrestrial cues around the tree were blocked, foragers were unable to orient correctly, suggesting that the surrounding panorama is critical to successful orientation on the tree. Through analysis of panoramic pictures, we show that views acquired at the base of the foraging tree nest can provide reliable nest-ward orientation up to 1.75 m above the ground. We discuss, how animals descending from trees compare their current scene to a memorised scene and report on the similarities in visually guided behaviour while navigating on the ground and descending from trees.
Design and evaluation of pH sensitive multi-particulate systems for chronotherapeutic delivery of Diltiazem hydrochloride

A pH sensitive multi-particulate system intended to approximate the chronobiology of angina pectoris is proposed for colonic targeting. The system comprising of Eudragit S-100 coated pellets was designed for chronotherapeutic delivery of diltiazem hydrochloride. The drug loaded core pellets were produced by aqueous extrusion spheronization technique using microcrystalline cellulose as a spheronizing aid and PVP K 30 as a binder. Different coat weights of Eudragit S-100 were applied to the drug loaded pellets in an automatic coating machine to produce the pH sensitive coated pellets. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the core pellets were discrete, spherical, or oval with a slightly rough surface whereas the coated pellets were covered with a uniform and continuous acrylic film. Optical microscopic image analysis portrayed that the values of aspect ratio and pellet circularity were close to 1.0, indicating the core pellets were almost spherical in shape. The friability with glass spheres was below 1.0%, signifying the core pellets produced were sufficiently hard. In vitro dissolution studies of the coated pellets performed following pH progression method showed that the drug release from the coated pellets depended on the coat weights applied and pH of the dissolution media. Since, diltiazem hydrochloride is a drug, which exhibits a high solubility, it would be possible to minimize drug release from the coated pellets below pH 7.0, and effectively release the drug at colonic pH only with higher coat loads (15-20% weight gain).
KCL-MTH-07-16 Perturbed Defects and T-Systems in Conformal Field Theory

Defect lines in conformal field theory can be perturbed by chiral defect fields. If the unperturbed defects satisfy su(2)-type fusion rules, the operators associated to the perturbed defects are shown to obey functional relations known from the study of integrable models as T-systems. The procedure is illustrated for Virasoro minimal models and for Liouville theory. Email: ingo.runkel@kcl.ac. uk
First direct measurements of behavioural responses by Cuvier's beaked whales to mid-frequency active sonar

Most marine mammal strandings coincident with naval sonar exercises have involved Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris). We recorded animal movement and acoustic data on two tagged Ziphius and obtained the first direct measurements of behavioural responses of this species to mid-frequency active (MFA) sonar signals. Each recording included a 30-min playback (one 1.6-s simulated MFA sonar signal repeated every 25 s); one whale was also incidentally exposed to MFA sonar from distant naval exercises. Whales responded strongly to playbacks at low received levels (RLs; 89–127 dB re 1 µPa): after ceasing normal fluking and echolocation, they swam rapidly, silently away, extending both dive duration and subsequent non-foraging interval. Distant sonar exercises (78–106 dB re 1 µPa) did not elicit such responses, suggesting that context may moderate reactions. The observed responses to playback occurred at RLs well below current regulatory thresholds; equivalent responses to operational sonars could elevate stranding risk and reduce foraging efficiency.
Monitoring Potential Drug Interactions and Reactions via Network Analysis of Instagram User Timelines

Much recent research aims to identify evidence for Drug-Drug Interactions (DDI) and Adverse Drug reactions (ADR) from the biomedical scientific literature. In addition to this "Bibliome", the universe of social media provides a very promising source of large-scale data that can help identify DDI and ADR in ways that have not been hitherto possible. Given the large number of users, analysis of social media data may be useful to identify under-reported, population-level pathology associated with DDI, thus further contributing to improvements in population health. Moreover, tapping into this data allows us to infer drug interactions with natural products-including cannabis-which constitute an array of DDI very poorly explored by biomedical research thus far. Our goal is to determine the potential of Instagram for public health monitoring and surveillance for DDI, ADR, and behavioral pathology at large. Most social media analysis focuses on Twitter and Facebook, but Instagram is an increasingly important platform, especially among teens, with unrestricted access of public posts, high availability of posts with geolocation coordinates, and images to supplement textual analysis. Using drug, symptom, and natural product dictionaries for identification of the various types of DDI and ADR evidence, we have collected close to 7000 user timelines spanning from October 2010 to June 2015.We report on 1) the development of a monitoring tool to easily observe user-level timelines associated with drug and symptom terms of interest, and 2) population-level behavior via the analysis of co-occurrence networks computed from user timelines at three different scales: monthly, weekly, and daily occurrences. Analysis of these networks further reveals 3) drug and symptom direct and indirect associations with greater support in user timelines, as well as 4) clusters of symptoms and drugs revealed by the collective behavior of the observed population. This demonstrates that Instagram contains much drug- and pathology specific data for public health monitoring of DDI and ADR, and that complex network analysis provides an important toolbox to extract health-related associations and their support from large-scale social media data.
Line capacity expansion and transmission switching in power systems with large-scale wind power

In 2020 electricity production from wind power should constitute nearly 50% of electricity demand in Denmark. In this paper we look at optimal expansion of the transmission network in order to integrate 50% wind power in the system, while minimizing total fixed investment cost and expected cost of power generation. We allow for active switching of transmission elements to reduce congestion effects caused by Kirchhoff's voltage law. Results show that actively switching transmission lines may yield a better utilization of transmission networks with large-scale wind power and increase wind power penetration. Furthermore, it is shown that transmission switching is likely to affect the optimal line capacity expansion plan.
Architectural Framework for Secure Composite Web Services

The exorbitant growth in the field of web services technology has challenged the web developers, vendors and researchers to design and development a variety of enterprise web applications for diverse organizations. Since, security is considered to be an essential part in the development of web applications, web services security has also become an emerging trend in Web services technology. Even though there has been considerable amount of research work carried out in these areas, there is no solid scheme offered so far to build a secure academic-oriented web application. Hence, a novel architectural framework is intended solely for the academic institutions with the aim of providing efficient and secure composite web services for the web users. The concept of multi-level security is also included in the proposed framework to handle various security concerns at different levels.
Evaluating the Usefulness of Sentiment Information for Focused Crawlers

Despite the prevalence of sentiment-related content on the Web, there has been limited work on focused crawlers capable of effectively collecting such content. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of using sentiment-related information for enhanced focused crawling of opinion-rich web content regarding a particular topic. We also assessed the impact of using sentiment-labeled web graphs to further improve collection accuracy. Experimental results on a large test bed encompassing over half a million web pages revealed that focused crawlers utilizing sentiment information as well as sentiment-labeled web graphs are capable of gathering more holistic collections of opinion-related content regarding a particular topic. The results have important implications for business and marketing intelligence gathering efforts in the Web 2.0 era.
Multiple-Description Coding by Dithered Delta-Sigma Quantization

In this paper we address the connection between the multiple-description (MD) problem and delta-sigma quantization. Specifically, we exploit the inherent redundancy due to oversampling in delta-sigma quantization, and the simple linear-additive noise model resulting from dithered lattice quantization, in order to construct a symmetric MD coding scheme. We show that the use of feedback by means of a noise shaping filter makes it possible to trade off central distortion for side distortion. Asymptotically as the dimension of the lattice vector quantizer and order of the noise shaping filter approach infinity, we show that the symmetric two-channel MD rate-distortion function for the memoryless Gaussian source and MSE fidelity criterion can be achieved at any resolution. This realization provides a new interesting interpretation for the information theoretic solution. The proposed design is symmetric in rate by construction and there is therefore no need for source splitting
A Reseach of Fracture Mechanism in Micro Cutting of 45 Steel Based on Material Properties

Abstract: Though the observation in micro cutting of 45 steel, the deformation zone of fracture characteristics was studied, and the corresponding cutting model was established; on dynamic tensile and situ observation of 45 steel by transmission electron microscopy , micro cutting ductile fracture process is simulated by the experiment on the steel tensile of 45 film sample, and the mechanism on initiation and propagation of crack in micro cutting fracture was studied with dislocation theory.
Fault-tolerant coverage with maximum lifetime in wireless sensor networks

Energy efficiency is an important issue in the study of wireless sensor networks. Given a homogeneous set of sensors with unit lifetime and a set of target points, find an active/sleeping schedule for sensors to maximize the lifetime of k-coverage, i.e., the time period during which every target point is covered by at least k active sensors. This is a well known problem in wireless sensor networks concerning with energy efficiency. When k = 1, it is called the maximum lifetime coverage problem which has been proved to have a polynomial-time (4 + ε)-approximation. When k ≥ 2, it is the maximum lifetime fault-tolerant coverage problem. Previous to this work, only in the case k = 2, a polynomial-time (6 + ε)-approximation is found. In this paper, we will make a significant progress by showing that for any positive integer k, there exists a polynomial-time (4 + ε)-approximation, and for k = 1,2, the performance ratio can be improved to (3 + ε).
Identification of a new mutation (Gly420Ser), distal to the active site, that leads to factor XIII deficiency

Abstract: The molecular defects of the factor XIII A subunit gene were studied in a patient with factor XIII deficiency. Mutation analysis was performed on amplified DNA from each exon of this gene by single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequencing techniques. A substitution of guanine by adenine at nucleotide 1258 in exon 10 of the coagulation factor XIII A subunit gene has been identified in the patient. The mutation results in the replacement of Gly420 by Ser in the core domain of the enzyme. Restriction enzyme analysis of amplified exon 10 DNA confirmed that the patient was homozygous for this mutation. A family study revealed that the mutation was inherited from both parents, who were first cousins. The potential effects of the mutation were predicted by molecular modeling of the amino acid substitution within the coordinates of the crystal structure. The substitution occurred within the core domain of the enzyme at a residue completely conserved among all known members of the transglutamin‐ase family. The model of the mutant protein suggests that although the substitution of Gly420 by Ser causes only minor readjustment of the residues and does not appear to be particularly deleterious in terms of structure, the mutation is, however, likely to decrease the molecule's ability to undergo the conformational change that is thought to be required for full transglutaminase activity. Our data strongly support the previously published information about the functional significance of the residues surrounding, but not forming, the catalytic pocket in the A subunit of factor XIII.
Past, Present, and Future of Nerve Conduits in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury

With significant advances in the research and application of nerve conduits, they have been used to repair peripheral nerve injury for several decades. Nerve conduits range from biological tubes to synthetic tubes, and from nondegradable tubes to biodegradable tubes. Researchers have explored hollow tubes, tubes filled with scaffolds containing neurotrophic factors, and those seeded with Schwann cells or stem cells. The therapeutic effect of nerve conduits is improving with increasing choice of conduit material, new construction of conduits, and the inclusion of neurotrophic factors and support cells in the conduits. Improvements in functional outcomes are expected when these are optimized for use in clinical practice.
High-level power estimation with interconnect effects

We extend earlier work on high-level average power estimation to include the power due to interconnect loading. The resulting technique is a combination of an RTL-level gate count prediction method and average interconnect estimation based on Rent's rule. The method can be adapted to be used with different place and route engines and standard cell libraries. For a number of benchmark circuits, the method is verified by extracting wire lengths from a layout of each circuit and then comparing the predicted (at RTL) power against that measured using SPICE. An average error of 14.4% is obtained for the average interconnect length, and an average error of 25.8% is obtained for average power estimation including interconnect effects.
Limitations of toxicity characterization in life cycle assessment: Can adverse outcome pathways provide a new foundation?

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has considerable merit for holistic evaluation of product planning, development, production, and disposal, with the inherent benefit of providing a forecast of potential health and environmental impacts. However, a technical review of current life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods revealed limitations within the biological effects assessment protocols, including: simplistic assessment approaches and models; an inability to integrate emerging types of toxicity data; a reliance on linear impact assessment models; a lack of methods to mitigate uncertainty; and no explicit consideration of effects in species of concern. The purpose of the current study is to demonstrate that a new concept in toxicological and regulatory assessment, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP), has many useful attributes of potential use to ameliorate many of these problems, to expand data utility and model robustness, and to enable more accurate and defensible biological effects assessments within LCIA. Background, context, and examples have been provided to demonstrate these potential benefits. We additionally propose that these benefits can be most effectively realized through development of quantitative AOPs (qAOPs) crafted to meet the needs of the LCIA framework. As a means to stimulate qAOP research and development in support of LCIA, we propose 3 conceptual classes of qAOP, each with unique inherent attributes for supporting LCIA: 1) mechanistic, including computational toxicology models; 2) probabilistic, including Bayesian networks and supervised machine learning models; and 3) weight of evidence, including models built using decision‐analytic methods. Overall, we have highlighted a number of potential applications of qAOPs that can refine and add value to LCIA. As the AOP concept and support framework matures, we see the potential for qAOPs to serve a foundational role for next‐generation effects characterization within LCIA. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:580–590. Published 2015. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The Structure and Rheology of Complex Fluids

Part I: Fundamentals 1. Introduction to Complex Fluids 1.3 Rheological Measurements and Properties 1.4 Kinematics and Stress 1.5 Flow, Slip, and Yield 1.6 Structural Probes of Complex Fluids 1.7 Computational Methods 1.8 The Stress Tensor 1.9 Summary 2. Basic Forces 2.1 Intoduction 2.3 Van der Waals Interactions 2.4 Electrostatic Interactions 2.5 Hydrogen-Bonding, Hydrophobic, and Other Interactions 2.6 Summary Part II: Polymers, Glassy Liquids, and Polymer Gels 3. Polymers 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Equilibrium Properties 3.3 Intrinsic Viscosity and Overlap Concentration 3.4 Elementary Molecular Theories 3.5 Linear Viscoelasticity and Time-Temperature Superposition 3.6 The Rheology of Dilute Polymer Solutions 3.7 The Rheology of Entangled Polymers 3.8 Summary 4. Glassy Liquids 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Phenomenology of the Glass Transition 4.3 Free-Volume Theories 4.4 Entropy Theories 4.5 Nonlinear Relaxation and Aging 4.6 Mode-Coupling Theory and Colloidal Hard-Sphere Glasses 4.7 Analog Models 4.8 Rheology of Glassy Liquids 4.9 Summary 5. Polymer Gels 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Gelation Theoies 5.3 Rheology of Chemical Gels and Near-Gels 5.4 Rheology of Physical Gels 5.5 Summary Part III: Suspensions 6. Particulate Suspensions 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Hard, and Slightly Deformable Spheres 6.3 Nonspherical Particles 6.4 Electrically Charged Particles 6.5 Particles in Viscoelastic Liquids: "Filled Melts" 6.6 Summary 7. Particulate Gels 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Particle Interactions in Suspensions 7.3 Rheology of Particulate Gels 7.4 Summary 8. Electro- and Magneto-Responsive Suspensions 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Electrorheological Fluids 8.3 Magnetorheological Fluids 8.4 Ferrofluids 8.5 Summary 9. Foams, Emulsions, and Blends 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Emulsion Preparation 9.3 Rheology of Emulsions and Immiscible Blends 9.4 Structure and Coarsening of Foams 9.5 Rheology of Foams 9.6 Summary Part IV: Liquid Crystals and Self-Assembling Fluids 10. Liquid Crystals 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Nematics 10.3 Cholesterics: Chiral Nemantics 10.4 Smectics 10.5 Summary 11. Liquid Crystalline Polymers 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Molecular Characteristics of Liquid Crystalline Polymers 11.3 Flow Properties of Nematic LCP's 11.4 Molecular Dynamics of Polymeric Nematics 11.5 Molecular Theory for the Rheology of Polymeric Nematics 11.6 Summary 12. Surfactant Solutions 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Methods of Predicting Microstructures 12.3 Disordered Micellar Solutions 12.4 Surfactant Liquid Crystals 12.5 Summary 13. Block Copolymers 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Thermodynamics of Block Copolymers 13.3 Rheology and Shear-Aligning of Block Copolymers 13.4 Summary Appendix: Momentum-Balance Equations in the Absence of Inertia