Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compact thermal models of packages used in conduction cooled applications

Results of an extensive study aimed at developing boundary condition independent compact steady-state thermal models of a variety of electronic packages used in conduction cooled applications are presented. Formal mathematical principles were used to establish a nonredundant set of thermal boundary conditions representing board edge and backside cooling with variable board and underfill conductivity. A Design of Experiments approach was employed to reduce the total number of boundary conditions to four, allowing the generation of boundary condition independent CTM's. Two general network topologies, incorporating both simple star-shaped and more complex, shunted networks were developed. To extract the CTM parameters, the thermal networks were optimized using a genetic algorithm-based approach allowing constrained nonlinear global optimization in a standard spreadsheet environment. Comparisons of the accuracy of models from simple to complex are presented for two types of generic parts. It was found that optimized star-shaped CTM's accurately predict junction temperatures, but usually give insufficient accuracy for the heat flows leaving via the package prime lumped surfaces. The inclusion of a floating node allows sufficient degree of freedom to correctly redistribute the heat flows between the "outlet" nodes of the networks. Using the optimization technique, CTM's were derived for thirty parts representing thirteen package families. For most of the packages only network topologies that included a floating node and surface-to-surface links provided satisfactory accuracy. With three different network configurations, for which examples are presented, it was possible to capture the thermal behavior of all the package families investigated.
MACHINE LEARNING-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR AUTOMATIC MALWARE DETECTION USING ANDROID TRAFFIC DATA

One of the greatest challenges facing various organizations and institutions is information security. Attackers have devised means to steals mobile user identity by developing malware that might be inadvertently installed by users due to the open source nature of android operating system causing financial loses. Although various machine learning algorithms have been proposed recently for malware detection, it is challenging to detection malicious apps with single classification model. In this paper, we propose to detect malicious apps in android traffic using four (4) different machine learning algorithms. The proposed approach was evaluated on comprehensive and publicly available dataset. The result obtained shows that decision tree and tree based ensemble algorithms produced superior results when compared with support vector machine and logistic regression models. The results suggest the impact of multiple classification algorithms to improve the performance of malware detection system. The finding can be utilized to guide security expert on the use of machine learning methods to detect malicious software
Study on the effect of incorporation of irradiated sunflower flour on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of biscuits during the storage period

Sunflower seeds are highly popular in food mixes, especially biscuits and are thought to be nutritionally beneficial. These seeds are rich in healthy fats, useful plant compounds and many vitamins and minerals. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the incorporation of irradiated sunflower flour on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of biscuits during the storage period. The physical and chemical properties of wheat flour with 72% extraction, nonirradiated sunflower flour and sunflower flour irradiated with 5 kGy and 10 kGy were estimated. Additionally, the physical, chemical and sensory properties of extracted oils from the biscuits were also evaluated during storage periods of two and four months. The refractive index, peroxide value and iodine value decreased as the storage period increased, while acids such as oleic acid and the acid value increased slowly and gradually. Additionally, the fatty acids of the oils extracted from biscuits during storage were high in unsaturated fatty acids at the beginning of storage. After two and four months of storage, an increase in saturated fatty acids and a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids was observed. The results showed that the overall acceptability of sunflower flour biscuits irradiated at a dose of 10 kGy was highest, while the control biscuits had the lowest acceptability after 4 months of storage. It was concluded that the substitution of up to 10% of wheat flour with nonirradiated or irradiated sunflower flour can be a good method for food product development due to the ability of sunflower flour to improve the nutritional value and overall acceptability of biscuits.
Influence of Study Composition on the Efficacy of Sleep Detection Using Actigraphy

Wearable actigraphy sensors have been useful tools for unobtrusive monitoring of sleep. The influence of the composition and characteristics of study groups such as normal sleep versus sleep disorders affecting the efficacy of sleep assessment using actigraphy has not been fully examined. In this study, we present multi-variate sleep models using actigraphy features obtained from wrist-worn sensors and evaluate the efficacy of sleep detection compared to the overnight polysomnography from two unique datasets: overnight actigraphy recordings in a control population of young healthy individuals (n=31) and 24-hour actigraphy recordings in a more heterogeneous population (n=27) comprised of normal and abnormal sleepers. We evaluate the performance of actigraphy derived logistic regression (LR) and random forest (RF) sleep models for both intra-dataset and inter-dataset training and cross-validation. Both the LR and RF sleep models for the healthy sleep dataset show an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.85±0.02 in the control sleep dataset among 50 random splits of training and testing evaluations. We find the AUROC performance from the heterogeneous sleep dataset involving sleep disorders to be relatively lower as 0.74±0.05 and 0.80±0.03 for LR and RF sleep models, respectively. Optimal sleep models trained using heterogeneous datasets perform very well when tested with the normal sleep dataset producing accuracy of ∼92%. Our study supports that using a more diverse training set benefits the sleep classifier model to be more generalizable for both healthy and abnormal sleepers.
Impact assessment of urban wet-weather sewer discharges on the Vernavola river (Northern Italy)

The research concerned the ecological impact assessment of urban wet-weather sewer discharges on the Vernavola river (Pavia, Northern Italy) focusing both on the sewer system and on the receiving natural environment. The complexity of the urban drainage system (combined sewer networks, pumping stations, stormwater storage tanks, etc.) was characterised through in situ inspections, measurements and numerical modelling. Various dry- and wet-weather monitoring campaigns on the Vernavola river provided the water quality tracers according to Italian standards: dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonium, nitrate and Escherichia coli. The quality analyses were also devoted to the study of the macro-benthic community. Both the chemical and biological river quality appeared significantly affected by sewer overflow contaminants. During storm events the receiver ecosystem was severely loaded with organic pollution (wet-weather discharges were equivalent to a civil sewer discharge of about 68,000 population equivalent (PE)) and the biodiversity of the benthonic organisms populating the stream was reduced by the physical modification of the habitat. These sampling and modelling studies provided the priority support information for promoting solutions and management strategies on the entire chain ‘sewer system-treatment plant-receiving natural environment’ necessary to reach the stream quality objectives.
What makes for a value-creating corporate board? A literature synthesis and suggestions for research.

In this literature review, we propose a synthesising view on what constitutes a value-creating corporate board. The review scopes ten academic journals in a 31 year period and is thematic/analytical rather than quantitative. Our judgement of profundity and quality of ideational content is the guiding principle for electing what scholarly work to highlight and include is the synthesis. We end up by proposing a route for future research on value-creating boards.
Study of Oval Foramen Anatomy in the Heart of Iranian One Humped Camel (Camelus Dromedarius) Fetuses

This study was carried out to investigate the morphology of the oval foramen in the fetal stage of dromedary camel fetuses by routine dissection. The hearts were obtained from 21 fetuses that were collected from Yazd slaughter house of Iran. The Crown Vertebral Rump Length (CVRL) of fetuses were from 10.1 to 85 cm and estimated gestational age calculated from 81.9 to 270 days old. The results showed that anatomical structures of oval foramen in fetal camels concluded of septum primum (valve of oval foramen), foramen secundum, septum secundum and a large passageway called oval foramen (foramen ovale). The septum primum was a flat, long thin, white color and unfenestrated membrane (fold) in all fetuses. The thin fold was in the lower portion of formen secundum and constituted about %75 to %100 of the lumen of the oval foramen in the small to large fetuses, respectively. So, it constituted a large proportion of lumen and was large enough to cover the opening of oval foramen, specialy in large fetuses. The septum secundum was a thick, short and crescent-shaped fold above of ovale foramen. The oval foramen showed like an oval passage way between free border and arms of septum secundum. It was concluded that despite of size of heart and oval foramen, all structural arrangements of heart oval foramen in fetus of camel are similar to reports about other mammals and human.
0 / o-Phenylphenol ( OPP ) and sodium o-phenylphenol ( OPP-Na ) MAK Value Documentation , supplement-Translation of the German version from 2016

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re-evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of o-phenylphenol (OPP) [90-43‐7] and sodium o-phenylphenol (OPP-Na) [132-27‐4], considering all endpoints. Bladder tumours were observed in rats after supplementation of food with OPP and OPP-Na. The cause of these is regarded to be a cytotoxic effect in combination with species or gender-specific factors and the effect is seen especially at high dosages at a saturation range in metabolism. A specific genotoxic effect could not be detected. OPP and OPP-Na are therefore classified into Carcinogen Category 4; this means if the MAK value is observed, no carcinogenic effects are to be expected. The liver tumours which were observed in male mice are not taken into consideration for this evaluation due to their debatable relevance for humans. After long-term administration of 40 mg OPP/kg body weight and day via food supplements, rats showed no adverse effects.This NOAEL is equal to an air concentration of 98 mg/m3. In establishing the MAK value one must take into consideration the systemic effects and additionally the irritant effects of OPP or the corrosive effects of OPP-Na. There are no data relevant to an evaluation of the local effects on the upper respiratory tract after repeated exposure either for humans or animals. Therefore, a comparative structure analysis has been made for OPP to bisphenol A and a MAK value of 5 mg/m3 I established. For OPP-Na, a structure analogy to calcium hydroxide was considered, based on its alkali strength, and a MAK value of 2 mg/m3 I was set. Due to irritative effects, Peak Limitation Category I is established for both OPP and OPP-Na. OPP was assigned an excursion factor of 1 based on the comparative analysis to bisphenol A. For OPP-Na with its higher water solubility, a comparative analysis based on its alkali strength was made to calcium hydroxide and an excursion factor of 1 was also set. As the NOAEL for developmentally toxic effects at workplace air concentrations is higher than the MAK value for OPP and OPP-Na by a factor of 105 and 146, respectively, both substances are classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C. Skin contact with either OPP or OPP-Na is not expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity. The MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety 2020, Vol 5, No 3 1 MAK Value Documentations – o-Phenylphenol (OPP) and sodium o-phenylphenol (OPP-Na) MAK value (2015) OPP: 5 mg/m3 I (inhalable fraction) OPP-Na: 2 mg/m3 I (inhalable fraction) Peak limitation (2015) Category I, excursion factor 1 Absorption through the skin –
Study of Employee silence, Organizational Justice and Work Engagement: Mediation Analysis

This study aims to investigate the influence of employee silence (ES) on work engagement (WE). Moreover, Organizational justice (OJ) is observed as mediator between (E) silence and (W)engagement. The contextual frame of this study refers to faculty members of public sector universities in Sindh. Following (Baron & Kenny, 1986) mediating effects of OJ is observed. The outcomes of the study seen as significant and negative relationship between ES and WE. Furthermore, OJ fully mediates the relationship between ES and WE. Study is noteworthy and imperative because it has attempted to explore a rarely explored area in research. Management can use results to decrease employee silence and increase work engagement level in public sector universities specifically and in other public sector organizations generally ensuing in prosperity of employees, public sector and economy.
A comparative review of existing data and methodologies for calculating embodied energy and carbon of buildings

Extended abstract In the Climate Change Act of 2008 the UK Government pledged to reduce carbon emissions by 80% by 2050. As one step towards this, regulations are being introduced requiring all new buildings to be ‘zero carbon’ by 2019. These are defined as buildings which emit net zero carbon during their operational lifetime. However, in order to meet the 80% target it is necessary to reduce the carbon emitted during the whole life-cycle of buildings, including that emitted during the manufacture of materials and components, and during the processes of construction, refurbishment and demolition. These elements make up the ‘embodied carbon’ of the building. This paper reviews the existing European and UK standards, methodologies, databases and software tools for the estimation of embodied energy and carbon of buildings. While there is currently no legislation requiring the calculation of embodied energy in buildings, voluntary standards are being developed by the European Committee for Standardisation Te.
International Trade and Unionization: Theory and Evidence

Extending an efficient bargaining framework by allowing for a fixed cost of union formation and making the union formation decision endogenous, we look at the impact of trade liberalization on unionization. We test the predictions of our theory using a combination of National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) and Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) data from India. We find that unionization indeed does go down with trade liberalization for high-skilled workers. For low-skilled workers, this effect is more pronounced for industry categories in which imports exceed exports. We also find that the deunionization effects of trade liberalization in net-importer industries were generally attenuated in flexible labor market states. Our evidence suggests that, in net-importer industries, trade liberalization raised union wages relative to nonunion wages. Accordingly, in netimporter industries, trade liberalization led to higher average wage rates in highly unionized industries relative to less unionized ones.
The Relation between Innovation and Revisit Frequency; A Moderating Role of Duration to Stay in Sports or fitness Club

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of vicarious innovativeness, fitness innovativeness, and adoption innovativeness on revisit frequency in fitness. Moreover, the moderating role of duration to stay was checked in these relations. Method: The data for the study were collected from 311 members of different fitness clubs by using a purposive sampling technique and analyzed by applying structural equational modelling through AMOS. First of all, the reliability and validity of data were ensured and after that hypothesis were tested. Results: The study results highlighted a significant effect of vicarious innovativeness, fitness innovativeness and adoption innovativeness on revisit frequency of members of fitness clubs. Further, the results revealed that duration of study moderates the relation between "vicarious innovativeness and revisit frequency", "fitness innovativeness and revisit frequency" and "adoption innovativeness and revisit frequency". Originality: Many studies explored the effect of innovation on customer behaviour intention regarding the product. This research focuses on different types of innovations with reference to behaviour associated with fitness clubs and their innovative services. Limitation: The study is limited to innovation from the perspective of sports or fitness clubs in China. Only three types of innovations are studied because of their relevancy with scope of study. The future studies can focus on fitness clubs of other countries and use frugal innovation as a fourth type. Futhermore, the same model can be studied from the organizational context with addition of radical innovation. Implication: The policymakers, owners of fitness clubs, managers of fitness clubs and physical fitness trainers can use this study as a framework for their policy development.
Use of Evidence to Reduce the Load of Therapy: Occupational Therapy for Cerebral Palsy

Background: Occupational therapy outcomes for motor improvement aredifferent among the children with cerebral palsy to determine the effectivefactors related to gross motor achievement in the children with Cerebral palsy(CP), the present project was designed.Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 59 CP patients with Gross MotorFunction Classification System (GMFCS) 1-4 were evaluated by Gross MotorFunction Measure (GMFM). They were referred to four centers in Shiraz, Iran,in 2015. Results of therapy were monitoring five times during six months foreach participant, according to achievement to stages of GMFM, and marginalmodeling method was utilized.Results: The results revealed the significance of some factors including, age atstarting occupational therapy services, number of sessions per week, type ofspastic, level four of socio economic status (SES), grade two of GMFCS, and timeeffect on the outcome (upgrade to a higher level on each occasion) (p <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the odds ratio (OR) values, the number of occupationaltherapy sessions per week had the most positive effect on gross motor functionupgrade for at least two half times. Age at starting occupational therapy servicewas the second important factor in the outcome. However, spending more timefor therapy and early starting relates to family characteristics and also financialsupport.
A Study on Parental Acceptance Towards the Use of Dental Therapists in Malaysian Private Sectors

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess parental acceptance and factors that influenced their perceptions towards the use of dental therapists in providing treatment to children in private dental practice settings. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected parents of 11-year-old schoolchildren in Selangor using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The survey consisted of three sections: socio-demographic characteristics, dental service utilisation and parental acceptance towards dental therapists in providing seven types of preventive and operative dental procedures. Results: The response rate was 83.1%. Overall, most parents regarded dental therapists providing dental care to their children in private dental care settings as acceptable, particularly on preventive treatment, namely ‘seeking advice on oral hygiene care' (87.8%) and ‘applying topical fluoride' (83.2%). In the multivariate analysis, younger parents and those who had preferences over private sectors were most likely to accept at least four dental procedures to be rendered to their children by dental therapists. Overall, respondents who were younger (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.62, 1.92), lived in urban locality (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.28, 2.45) and had a recent dental visit (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.07) were more likely to have an overall positive perceptions towards dental therapists. Conclusion: Most parents regarded dental therapists providing care to their children in private dental settings as acceptable and this was associated with their age, place of residence and past dental experiences.
AP-XHPJ210049 1237..1246

The attentional orienting induced by social cues, such as eye gaze and walking direction of biological motion, plays a vital role in human survival and interpersonal interactions. It has long been debated whether this indispensable ability is unique and intrinsically distinct from nonsocial attention. In the current study, we characterized the temporal profiles of the attentional orienting triggered by social cues (i.e., eye gaze and walking direction) and compared them with those induced by nonsocial cues (i.e., arrows) and exogenous cues using a covert orienting task. We calculated the attentional cuing effects in the early and the late periods of the task and further carried out a time course analysis to characterize their dynamic changes over trials. Whereas the cuing effect induced by nonsocial cues exhibited a significant trend of temporal decay, the cuing effects induced by the two different social cues were similar and remained stable throughout the task, resembling that induced by reflexive exogenous cues. These results clearly demonstrate that the socially coordinated attentional orienting is a highly reflexive and temporally stable response, which is less susceptible to top-down cognitive control and substantially distinguished from the attentional orienting induced by nonsocial cues. These findings extend our understandings of the distinction between social and nonsocial attention and further substantiate the specificity of social attentional orienting from a temporal-stability perspective.