Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Dietary Lipid Levels on Spawning Performance and Egg Quality of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)

Dietary lipid manipulation of broodstock diet offers a strategy for improving spawning performance and egg quality of broodstock fish. Although many studies were conducted on basic nutrient requirements for fingerlings and juveniles of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878); the artificial feed for P. hypophthalmus broodstock is still lacking. This study analysed the effect of different levels of lipid in the diet on spawning performance and egg quality of female P. hypophthalmus broodstock. Three test diets were formulated containing 1:1 ratio of palm oil and fish oil blends at the level of 60, 90 and 120 g.kg-1 with a constant 300 g.kg-1 protein and fed to triplicate groups of female broodstock for 150 days at the rate of 20 g.kg-1 body weight twice daily. The ovary weight, gonadosomatic index, fecundity, egg weight and diameter and egg fertilisation rate were significantly (P < 0.05) increased for fish fed with 90 and 120 g.kg-1 lipid diet compared to 60 g.kg-1 lipid diet. However, there was no significant difference between fish fed with 90 and 120 g.kg-1 lipid diet; thus an increase in dietary lipid above 90 g.kg-1 would not make any significant contribution. The increased performance of female broodstock fed with higher dietary lipid and fish oil at the ratio of 1:1 for crude palm oil and fish oil up to 90 g.kg-1 contributed in the enhancement of the reproductive performance and egg quality of P. hypophthalmus.
Effect of intervention of management and audit fee on auditor independence

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of management intervention and audit fees on auditor independence. This research was conducted at the Office of Public Accounting in Bali Province. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results found that Management intervention had a negative effect on Auditor Independence. This shows that the stronger the management intervention, the weaker the auditor's independence. Audit Fee has a positive effect on Auditor Independence. This shows that the higher the audit fee, the auditor's independence will also increase.
To pin or not to pin? Sagittal alignment of type II supracondylar humeral fractures in children

Background:The purpose of this study was to compare the experiences of two tertiary institutions with historically different approaches. Methods:Retrospective review of 101 patients (49 males, 52 females) treated for supracondylar humeral factures from November 2007 through September 2009, with mean age 4.3 yr (1.1-11.4 yr). Sixteen patients were treated nonoperatively, and 85 underwent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP). Radiographs of the sagittal plane deformity, anterohumeral line (AHL), and humerocondylar angle (HCA) were reviewed at presentation, intraoperatively after reduction, and at final follow-up. Results:The AHL was anterior to the capitellum in all nonoperatively treated patients and in 92% (78/85) of patients who had CRPP. At follow-up, there was a significant difference in AHL position between patients treated nonoperatively with closed reduction and casting and those treated with CRPP (P=0.013). Both groups demonstrated an increase in HCA from injury to after reduction or surgery and from injury to final follow-up. The CRPP group had a significantly higher HCA after manipulation than the nonoperative group (34.6 degrees compared to 24.6 degrees, P=0.003), but this increase was no longer significant at final follow-up (32.0 degrees compared to 27.1 degrees, P=0.08). Six of the 16 patients treated nonoperatively required conversion to surgery after loss of the initial alignment. Conclusions:Type II supracondylar humeral fractures can be safely treated with casting or CRPP, although nonoperative treatment has a high conversion rate to surgery. The clinical significance of the differences in radiographic sagittal plane alignment in the short-term and long-term remains unclear.
Developing augmented reality in mathematics learning: The challenges and strategies

One of the technologies developed massively in learning is Augmented Reality (AR) technology. This research will explain the challenges of teachers in developing AR-assisted learning media and strategies to anticipate the challenges that arise in developing AR-assisted learning media. This type of research is qualitative phenomenological research. The participants of this research were 75 Mathematics teachers who joined the developing AR-assisted learning media training. The teachers came from various regions in Indonesia. The mathematics teachers invited were 36 junior high school teachers and 29 senior high school teachers from public and private schools who were vulnerable at the age of 22-35 years and 27 teacher is male and the others are female. They have attended an AR-assisted media development training because have interested in AR and education. The data collection used is a questionnaire and an interview which is done to all participants and data analyzed using the Bogdan & Biklen model. The results of the research show that the challenges encountered by the teacher are meeting the minimum standards of hardware and software, limited references both sourced from humans, online media or print media. Efforts made by teachers to overcome existing problems such as gradually upgrading laptops, finding sources from foreign languages and trying to form joint learning communities.
Interpreting the Cratering Histories of Bennu, Ryugu, and Other Spacecraft-explored Asteroids

Asteroid crater retention ages have unknown accuracy because projectile–crater scaling laws are difficult to verify. At the same time, our knowledge of asteroid and crater size–frequency distributions has increased substantially over the past few decades. These advances make it possible to empirically derive asteroid crater scaling laws by fitting model asteroid size distributions to crater size distributions from asteroids observed by spacecraft. For D > 10 km diameter asteroids like Ceres, Vesta, Lutetia, Mathilde, Ida, Eros, and Gaspra, the best matches occur when the ratio of crater to projectile sizes is f ∼ 10. The same scaling law applied to 0.3 < D < 2.5 km near-Earth asteroids such as Bennu, Ryugu, Itokawa, and Toutatis yield intriguing yet perplexing results. When applied to the largest craters on these asteroids, we obtain crater retention ages of ∼1 billion years for Bennu, Ryugu, and Itokawa and ∼2.5 billion years for Toutatis. These ages agree with the estimated formation ages of their source families and could suggest that the near-Earth asteroid population is dominated by bodies that avoided disruption during their traverse across the main asteroid belt. An alternative interpretation is that f ≫ 10, which would make their crater retention ages much younger. If true, crater scaling laws need to change in a substantial way between D > 10 km asteroids, where f ∼ 10, and 0.3 < D < 2.5 km asteroids, where f ≫ 10.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a New Method of Measuring the Chemical Reactivity of Liming Materials on Two Acid Soils from Zambia

ABSTRACT There is currently no quick available method for assessing chemical reactivity of liming materials used to neutralize soil acidity. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a method developed to determine the chemical reactivity of liming materials. The reactivity of five conventional liming materials, biochar, charcoal and wood ash was determined using the method. Liming materials were applied to surface samples of two Ultisols at rates intended to neutralize exchangeable acidity. Physico-chemical and mineralogical properties of liming materials and soils were determined. Soils treated with the liming materials were incubated for 12 weeks in plastic containers using a soil: water ratio of 1:1. The pH and exchangeable acidity of the samples were measured every fortnight. The reactivity of the conventional liming materials was found to be strongly and positively (r = 0.99) correlated with their calcite contents, and strongly and negatively (r = −0.98) correlated with their dolomite contents. Strong positive linear relationships (R2 ≥ 0.79, p < .05) were observed between the reactivity and mean pH of the two soils between the 2nd and the 12th week, while strong negative linear relationship (R2 ≥ 0.79, p < .05) was observed between the reactivity and mean exchangeable acidity of the soils. Conventional liming materials were better than biochar and charcoal in neutralizing acidity. The new method was effective in predicting the ability of liming materials to neutralize exchangeable acidity and to raise the pH of acid soils. It can be used by farmers and lime producers to assess the reactivity of liming materials.
Mental fatigue independent of boredom and sleepiness does not impact self-paced physical or cognitive performance in normoxia or hypoxia

ABSTRACT This study investigated the individual and combined effects of mental fatigue (MF) and hypoxia (HYP) on physical and cognitive performance. Fifteen males (24 ± 3 years) completed one familiarization session and six experimental trials, including: 1) normoxia (0.209 FiO2) and no MF; 2) normoxia (0.209 FiO2) with MF; 3) mild normobaric HYP (0.13 FiO2) and no MF; 4) mild normobaric HYP (0.13 FiO2) with MF; 5) severe normobaric HYP (0.10 FiO2) and no MF; 6) severe normobaric HYP (0.10 FiO2) with MF. Each condition included a 15-min self-paced time trial, followed by a 60-s isometric maximal voluntary contraction of the biceps brachii. MF was induced using a 16-min individualized cognitive test prior to exercise performance. Following each time trial, participants performed the Tower of Hanoi cognitive test. A main effect of HYP was observed on average power output, oxygen consumption and muscle oxygenation (P ≤ 0.004), with no effect of MF (P ≥ 0.599). Voluntary activation of the biceps brachii was also reduced in HYP (68.42 ± 5.64%, P = 0.039). No effect of MF or HYP was observed on cognitive performance (P ≥ 0.138). HYP impacted physical performance, whilst MF had no effect on self-paced physical or cognitive performance.
Contribution of Learning Independence and Think Talk Writing Learning Model Toward Student Mathematical Communication Skill

Mathematical communication skills are important part of mathematics, both in writing and verbally. Students can express their idea, describe, and discuss mathematical concepts through mathematical communication. Therefore, to develop mathematical communication fluency needed the independence personality and TTW Learning Model. The aim of this research is to reveal contribution of student learning independence and think talk writing (TTW) as learning model toward mathematical communication. The method of this research was quasi experimental research which used regression analysis. The population of this research was grade VII Junior High School in Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Sampling technique used was stratified cluster random sampling. Three variables measured were two independent variables and one dependent variable. Independent variable was learning independence (X1) and TTW (X2) and dependent variable was student mathematical communication (Y). The data collecting technique used instruments. They were questionnaire and essay question test. The research results showed that (1) learning independence contributed significantly toward student mathematical communication (2) TTW contributed significantly toward student mathematical communication; furthermore both student learning independence and TTW contributed significantly toward student mathematical communication. In conclusion, both student learning independence and TTW contributed significantly toward student mathematical student. It means the increase of student learning independence and TTW, it will increase the student mathematical communication.
Incretin-based muscle-targeted gene therapy for type 2 diabetes

iii List of Abbreviations . vi Table of Figures . xiii Table of Tables . xvi 1 Chapter 1 – Introduction . 1 1.1 Diabetes Mellitus . 2 1.1.1 Economic impact . 3 1.1.2 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) . 4 1.1.3 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) . 5 1.2 The pancreas and the β-cell . 10 1.2.1 The incretin effect . 11 1.2.2 Incretin structure, function and action . 11 1.2. 3 GLP-1-R Agonists . 14 1.3 Gene Therapy . 16 1.3. 1 Gene delivery methods . 18 1.3. 2 Muscle targeted gene therapy . 28 1.3. 3 Current diabetic gene therapy . 29 1.4 Models for studying muscle-targeted gene therapy for diabetes mellitus30 1.5 Overall Objectives . 31 2 Chapter 2 Material and Methods . 32 2.1 Materials . 33 2.2 Methods . 34 2.2.1 Cell culture and characterisation . 34 2.2.2 In vitro transfections using Lipofectamine2000 . 35 2.2. 3 Gene expression analysis of C2C12 cells using either reporter gene GFP or genes of interest Exendin-4 and GLP-1 by immunofluorescence staining 36 2.2. 4 Visualising stained cells . 37 2.2. 5 Growth medium . 38 2.2. 6 Transformation of competent bacteria . 38
Algorithms for Instance Retrieval and Realization in Fuzzy Ontologies

Fuzzy description logics, the formalism behind fuzzy ontologies, are an important mathematical method with applications in many artificial intelligence scenarios. This paper proposes the first specific algorithms to solve two reasoning tasks with respect to a fuzzy ontology: the instance retrieval and the realization problem. Our algorithms are based on a reduction of the number of optimization problems to solve by merging some of them. Our experimental evaluation shows that the novel algorithm to solve the instance retrieval outperforms the previous algorithm, and that in practice it is common to be able to solve a single optimization problem.
Potassium channels, megapolarization, and water pore formation are key determinants for cationic cell-penetrating peptide translocation into cells

Summary Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) allow intracellular delivery of cargo molecules. CPPs provide efficient methodology to transfer bioactive molecules in cells, in particular in conditions when transcription or translation of cargo-encoding sequences is not desirable or achievable. The mechanisms allowing CPPs to enter cells are ill-defined and controversial. This work identifies potassium channels as key regulators of cationic CPP translocation. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-based screening, we discovered that KCNQ5, KCNN4, and KCNK5 positively modulate CPP cellular direct translocation by reducing transmembrane potential (Vm). Cationic CPPs further decrease the Vm to megapolarization values (about −150 mV) leading to the formation of ∼2 nm-wide water pores used by CPPs to access the cell’s cytoplasm. Pharmacological manipulation to lower transmembrane potential boosted CPPs cellular uptake in zebrafish and mouse models. Besides identifying the first genes that regulate CPP translocation, this work characterizes key mechanistic steps used by CPPs to cross cellular membrane. This opens the ground for pharmacological strategies augmenting the susceptibility of cells to capture CPP-linked cargos in vitro and in vivo.
Does the virus cross the road? Viral phylogeographic patterns among bobcat populations reflect a history of urban development

Urban development has major impacts on connectivity among wildlife populations and is thus likely an important factor shaping pathogen transmission in wildlife. However, most investigations of wildlife diseases in urban areas focus on prevalence and infection risk rather than potential effects of urbanization on transmission itself. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a directly transmitted retrovirus that infects many felid species and can be used as a model for studying pathogen transmission at landscape scales. We investigated phylogenetic relationships among FIV isolates sampled from five bobcat (Lynx rufus) populations in coastal southern California that appear isolated due to major highways and dense urban development. Divergence dates among FIV phylogenetic lineages in several cases reflected historical urban growth and construction of major highways. We found strong FIV phylogeographic structure among three host populations north‐west of Los Angeles, largely coincident with host genetic structure. In contrast, relatively little FIV phylogeographic structure existed among two genetically distinct host populations south‐east of Los Angeles. Rates of FIV transfer among host populations did not vary significantly, with the lack of phylogenetic structure south‐east of Los Angeles unlikely to reflect frequent contemporary transmission among populations. Our results indicate that major barriers to host gene flow can also act as barriers to pathogen spread, suggesting potentially reduced susceptibility of fragmented populations to novel directly transmitted pathogens. Infrequent exchange of FIV among host populations suggests that populations would best be managed as distinct units in the event of a severe disease outbreak. Phylogeographic inference of pathogen transmission is useful for estimating the ability of geographic barriers to constrain disease spread and can provide insights into contemporary and historical drivers of host population connectivity.
The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta-Analyses

Nonrandomised studies, including case-control and cohort studies, can be challenging to implement and conduct. Assessment of the quality of such studies is essential for a proper understanding of nonrandomised studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) is an ongoing collaboration between the Universities of Newcastle, Australia and Ottawa, Canada. It was developed to assess the quality of nonrandomised studies with its design, content and ease of use directed to the task of incorporating the quality assessments in the interpretation of meta-analytic results. A 'star system' has been developed in which a study is judged on three broad perspectives: the selection of the study groups; the comparability of the groups; and the ascertainment of either the exposure or outcome of interest for case-control or cohort studies respectively. The goal of this project is to develop an instrument providing an easy and convenient tool for quality assessment of nonrandomised studies to be used in a systematic review.
Attitudes of High School Band Directors and Students Regarding Ohio Music Education Association Large Group Adjudicated Events

Kenneth Thompson, Advisor The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes of high school band directors and students regarding Ohio Music Education Association (OMEA) Large Group Adjudicated Events. Subjects were high school band directors (n = 11) and students (n = 214) from 12 bands in OMEA District I, which consists six counties in Northwest Ohio (Defiance, Fulton, Lucas, Napoleon, Williams, and Wood). Subjects represented each of the OMEA performance classifications (AA, A, B, C, and D) and three geographic regions (rural, suburban, and urban). Participants completed the OMEA Large Group Adjudicated Events Survey, which consisted of three sections: (a) background information, (b) personal opinion, and (c) free response. Based on data collected from survey responses, both directors and students agree that Large Group Adjudicated Events are an important part of high school band programs. Subjects also agree that, although the rating earned at contest is important, making music and receiving comments from adjudicators are of higher importance.
Late Cenozoic magnetostratigraphy of the Yuncheng Basin, central North China Craton and its tectonic implications

Yuncheng Basin, the southernmost basin in the Shanxi Graben System, is considered to be one of the earliest formed in this region. However, due to the insufficient study on the strata and the lack of drilling data, the initial time of the Yuncheng Basin has not been accurately constrained, which heavily restricts our understanding about the formation and evolution of the Shanxi Graben System. In this study, borehole SG‐1, which penetrated through the entire Late Cenozoic sediments and reached the basement bedrock, was obtained in the northern part of the Yuncheng Basin, and a detailed magnetostratigraphic study has been carried out on the samples selected from the borehole SG‐1. Results show that the borehole SG‐1 records 17 normal (N1–N17) and 16 reversed (R1–R16) polarity zones which can correspond to the chron C1n‐C4An.1n of the global geomagnetic polarity timescale (GPTS). The bottom of the borehole SG‐1 is within chron C4An, and the age of the bottom can be extrapolated to 9.1 Ma according to the sediment accumulation rates calculated by two lowermost major polarity transition boundaries. This age provides precise limitation for the initiation of the Yuncheng Basin and the formation of the Shanxi Graben System. The sediment accumulation rates of the Borehole SG‐1 was calculated by major polarity boundaries of chrons and subchrons in the borehole SG‐1 and showed significant changes at 9.1, 3.6, and 1.2 Ma. Unlike other basins around the Ordos Block which formed much earlier under the influence of western subduction of the Pacific Ocean, the initiation and evolution of the Shanxi Graben system were mainly controlled by the uplift and outward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau after the Late Miocene. The initiation of the Shanxi Graben System indicates that the far‐field effect of the uplift and outward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau reached the central North China Craton by at the latest 9.1 Ma. The effect posed a persistent impact on the evolution of the Yuncheng Basin since 9.1 Ma and led to significant changes of the sediment accumulation rates and sedimentary facies at 9.1, 3.6, and 1.2 Ma in the Yuncheng Basin which correspond well to the prologue of the Qingzang Movement, phase A of the Qingzang Movement, and Kunhuang Movement.
Influence of drying methods on the drying kinetics, bioactive compounds and flavor of solid-state fermented okara

Abstract Solid-state fermented Omar’s was dried using microwave vacuum drying (MVD) and infrared freeze-drying (IFD). Hot air drying (AD) and traditional vacuum freeze-drying (FD) were used as controls. The effects of different drying methods on the drying kinetics, physicochemical properties (such as water retention capacity, oil retention capacity, swelling capacity, solubility, color), bioactive compounds (total phenols, soybean isoflavones, antioxidant activity) and flavor of solid-state fermented okara were studied. The results show that compared with AD, MVD required 86.2% less drying time and 62.2% lower energy while the fermented okara powder produced by MVD had better physicochemical properties and higher content of bioactive compounds. In terms of physicochemical and functional properties, IFD was close to FD, but it reduced drying time by 13.9% and energy consumption by 29.4%. As for flavor, MVD and IFD products were closer to fresh solid-state fermented okara.