Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Causes and Treatment of Feline Dystocia

The objective of the present study was to describe retrospective data, including causes and whether medical and surgical management is suitable for feline dystocia. Data were analysed and described according to original causes and treatment protocols were done. Data of this study revealed that the maternal causes with different types of dystocia were the major percentage. The highest percentage was recorded in 2020 which was 80.00%, while the lowest rate was in 2018 which was 66.00%. The highest foetal causes percentages were in 2018 which was 33.00%, while the lowest rate was in 2020 which was 20.00%. Data also revealed the percentage of treatment types for dystocia in cats in the period between 2018-2021 which were 17.07 % of hormonal treatment and 82.93% of Caseran Section operation. Results of the present study conclude that the best method for treating dystocia in cats was the cesarean section. The author advised using estrogen and Oxytocin hormones with Ca to treat the non-obestracting dystocia or hormonal treatment instead of using oxytocin and Ca alone. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
The Association of Adiponectin and AdipoR1 Polymorphism rs1342387 in Some Obesity-related Cancers in Kurdistan Iraq

Background: Adiponectin (APN) is a novel hormone produced mainly by white adipose tissue that contribute to various physiological functions. APN has been related to cancer development specially the ones related to obesity such as breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, it also has been related body mass index (BMI). This study aims to investigate the role of APN and AdipoR1 polymorphism rs1342387 in some obesity-related cancer patients living in Erbil province (Kurdistan-Iraq). Method: The study includes 82 subjects (66 cancer patients, 16 healthy controls) from 4 medical facilities in Erbil, all participants were subjected to a questionnaire and signed a consent form before taking the samples. The serum level of APN was estimated by ELISA and the AdipoR1 polymorphism (rs1342387) was detected by RFLP-PCR. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of BC cases were more than CRC cases. Furthermore, females were the dominant sex in BC. Moreover, the level of APN was significantly decreased in obesity-related cancer groups (BC, CRC) in compare to HC. Regarding APN correlation with BMI the results showed a weak non-significant negative correlation. The attempt to investigate the genotype of Kurdish people showed the frequency of GG genotype among Kurdish people but the recessive AA genotype showed more effects on decreasing the level of APN despite the non-significant results. Conclusion: This study is the first to investigate AdipoR1 polymorphism and its correlation to obesity-related cancers in Kurdistan-Iraq and although GG was the more frequent genotype, AA was more effective on APN levels in obesity-related cancers.
Evaluation of Levels of Some Inflammatory Cytokines in Preeclamptic Women in Owerri

Preeclampsia is a serious and life-threatening pregnancy complication. In this study, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured in preeclamptic women in Owerri, Imo State. A total of 120 pregnant women aged 18-45 years at 20-40 weeks of pregnancy were recruited; 60 were preeclamptic women (test group) while 60 were normotensive pregnant women (control group). Preeclampsia was determined by the presence of ≥2+ protein in the urine using combi 2 dipstick for urinalysis and sphygmomanometer blood pressure reading of ≥ 140/90 mmHg. From the demographic data obtained in the studied subject through questionnaire, it showed that nulliparity and family history of high blood pressure were the most dominant risk factor of preeclampsia. The mean of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in the test group were 4.33±1.42 pg/ml and 8.23±2.73 pg/ml while that of the control group were 3.38±1.22 pg/ml and 6.89±1.88 pg/ml. There was a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines of the preeclamptic women when compared to the control group. The mean of the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 & IL-4) of the group were 78.88±14.28 pg/ml and 27.92±7.22pg/ml while the control group was 91.39± 18.46 pg/ml and 31.25±6.90 pg/ml. There was a significant decrease in the result obtained from the test group when compared to the control group. The levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines were higher than the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines of the test group when compared with the control group. Hence there is need to manage the disorder with an anti inflammatory drugs in order to enhance obstetric care, thereby reducing maternal mortality and morbidity that may occur from haemostatic abnormalities.
Towards a Pricean foundation for cultural evolutionary theory

The Price equation is currently considered one of the fundamental equations – or even the fundamental equation – of evolution. In this article, we explore the role of this equation within cultural evolutionary theory. More specifically, we use it to account for the explanatory power and the theoretical structure of a certain generalised version of dual-inheritance theory. First, we argue that, in spite of not having a definite empirical content, the Price equation offers a suitable formalisation of the processes of cultural evolution, and provides a powerful heuristic device for discovering the actual causes of cultural change and accumulation. Second, we argue that, as a consequence of this, a certain version of the Price equation is the fundamental law of cultural evolutionary theory. In order to support this claim, we sketch the ideal structure of dual-inheritance theory and we stress the unificatory role that the Price equation plays in it.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKING BEHAVIOR AND THE INCIDENCE OF TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS OF WORKERS WITH THE SNEHANDU THEORY

ABSTRACTThere are two types of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), namely Type I DM and Type II DM. Type II DM is caused by the inability of the body to respond to insulin that is produced by the pancreas, thus resulting in an increase in blood glucose levels. Eleven out of twenty workers at the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga suffered from Type II DM. Observational research with a quantitative approach was conducted through a cross-sectional approach. The population selected was 89 workers at the faculty. The samples were randomly selected with the characteristics of having more than 45 years of age. There were significant variables between working behavior and the incidence of Type II DM including work, last education, and social support. Furthermore, there were insignificant variables between working behavior and the incidence of Type II DM including gender, age, family members, frequency of exercise, behavior intention, personal autonomy, accessibility to information, and action situation. In conclusion, individual’s latest education, employment, and social support had a significant relationship with exercise behavior and the incidence of Type II DM. Keywords: physical exercise, diabetes mellitus, wokers at FKM Universitas Airlangga
Skin microbiome dysbiosis in leprosy cases

The human skin possesses a microenvironment conducive to the growth of the skin microbiome, which plays in many physiological functions in cutaneous immunity homeostasis and maturation. The microbiome composition depends on many variables, such as endogenous (host condition) or exogenous (environmental) factors and topographic location. Host-skin microbes’ interaction can be mutualism or pathogenicity. Dysbiosis or alteration in skin microbiota is associated with various dermatological diseases, including leprosy. Dysbiosis is driven by the alteration of the microbial communities themselves or due to the intrinsic features of the host. Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae targeting the nerves and skin, leading to loss of sensation on the skin, with or without dermatologic lesions, and correlated with long term consequences, such as deformities or disability. Microvascular dysfunction and significant alterations in capillary structure due to invasion of M. leprae lead to altered hydration levels of the skin caused by disruption of blood flow; which changes the resident microbial community structure. The skin microbiome composition differences in leprosy patient’s skin lesions were observed; skin microbial diversity in the leprosy patients was lower than in healthy individuals. The diversity reduction was observed in freshly diagnosis leprosy patients, those at various stages of MDT, and post-MDT; indicated that both the interaction between skin microbial community and M. leprae or the ongoing therapeutic regimen impacted the skin microbiome variation.
Effect of Operating Cash Flow on Stock Return of Firms Listed In Nairobi Security Exchange

The main aim of the paper was to establish the effect of operating cash flow on stock return of firms listed in NSE. The study was informed by Free Cash Flow (FCF) theory. Census survey was adapted to review financial statements for 29 listed non-financial firms at NSE that had consistent data for all the study variables. Secondary data was extracted for 12 years from 2007-2019 with the aid of a data collection sheet. Explanatory research design which is panel in nature was followed by this study. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. Panel data regression was used to make inferences and test research hypothesis. Fixed and Random effects methods were used to analyze the balanced panel data using STATA statistical package and Hausman test established that Random effect model was the most ideal method to analyze data in this study. The findings indicated that operating cash flow positively and significantly influenced the stock returns for firms listed at NSE. The study concludes that operating cash flow information affects stock returns. Therefore, the study advocates for firms to increase their levels of operating cash flows through prudent utilization of cash resources since it enhances the stock returns.
Profile of self-adjustment and level of academic stress during online learning in higher education

This study aims at determining the profile of self-adjustment and academic stress levels during the online learning period of students at Faculty of Engineering PGRI Adi Buana University, Surabaya. The method used was survey quantitative research. The sampling technique used was a saturated sample for a more accurate representation. There were 200 students of total from department of industry, electrical, environment, urban planning, fashion, make-up, and gastronomy. The data collection techniques used were two questionnaires, namely self-adjustment and academic stress which were collected through online application. The data analysis technique used in this research was descriptive statistics. The results show that the self-adjustment of engineering faculty students was in the poor and high category. The adjustment aspect in the low category was found in the aspect of expressing feelings for 62%, while the academic stress in the high category was found in the aspect of change for 78%. It can be concluded that most of research participants during the online learning were still in a stable condition. However, there were several percentages of aspects that were less than perfect in the process of either self-adjustment or the level of academic stress. Keywords: self-adjustment, academic stress, online learning, higher education
INFLUENCE OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS ON NUTRITION

Eating habits can be compromised in the transition to college life specially in a new country. In addition, the eating patterns of college students could be improved through various strategies during the college adjustment process. A key point is nutrition and sustainability, whose content can be taught through educational sessions at universities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of educational interventions and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in Ecuadorian first-year university students in Honduras, where the student population of Ecuador ranks second, after Honduras. Eating patterns were evaluated using a questionnaire on adherence to MD and one on eating behaviors. The educational interventions focused on the benefits of sustainability, culture, environment, and health that MD provides. The study had a diagnostic phase with the participation of the universe of students (n = 65), and an intervention phase where 32 students participated: 18 in the group that received nutritional education and 14 in the control group. The group that received educational intervention improved their eating behaviors, going from unhealthy to moderately healthy, however, adherence to MD did not show increases at the end of the interventions (p > 0.05). The control group did not present changes in any attribute, remaining in unhealthy behaviors and low adherence to MD. Fifty percent of the students in the intervention group returned to Ecuador during the COVID-19 crisis, while in the control group it was 71.4%. In conclusion, it is important to provide advice on nutrition and sustainability from the beginning of university studies, since young people migrate to a country with totally different customs from those of Ecuador and even the Andean Community.
Factors Influencing Choice of Contraceptives among Women of Reproductive Age Attending Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Background: Choosing the contraception method remains one of the most critical decisions made by women of reproductive age. Not only does this have a direct impact on women’s reproductive health, it also affects their social and economic well-being. This study was carried out to determine the factors affecting choice of contraceptives among women of reproductive age in Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 women aged 15-45 years who visited the family planning clinic at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria in 2019. The subjects were enrolled through a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic information form and a self-structured questionnaire on knowledge about family planning methods (n=9), the choice of contraceptives (n=8) and factors influencing the choice of family planning (n=15). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and the Pearson correlation coefficient at significance level of 0.05. Results: We found that 82.8% of the respondents had good knowledge about the contraceptives. The most commonly used methods of contraception were birth control pills (38.3%) and implants (36.1%), while the least commonly used methods were tubal ligation (29.4%) and withdrawal (29.4%). The choice of contraceptives was significantly correlated with level of knowledge (r=-0.564, P=0.001) and religion (r=-0.173, P=0.020) of the subjects. Conclusion: The majority of women in the study area have good knowledge about contraceptives, and factors such as parity and fear of injury from contraceptives affect their choice of contraceptives. This study recommends implementation of extensive health education and counseling sessions to assist women in contraceptive decision making.
Large broad-leaved canopy of banana (Musa nana Lour.) induces dramatically high spatial–temporal variability of throughfall

Throughfall (TF) is an important water input of rainfall redistribution into floor, and its spatial–temporal variability under some species' canopies has been documented to evaluate effect on splash erosion. However, the understanding of TF variability under large broad-leaved canopy remains insufficient. In this study, the spatial heterogeneity, temporal stability and drop size of TF were quantified using variogram fitting, normalised ranking and filter paper staining, respectively, under banana (Musa nana Lour.) canopy comprising long and wide leaves. Results indicated TF pattern showed strong spatial correlation at a range of 3–5 m. High spatial variability of TF was found, which was affected by rainfall event size and was accompanied by great canopy disturbance. TF plots revealed high time variability, which was mainly controlled by unstable banana canopy structure. TF drop size from leaf dripping points varied in 3–10 mm and showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among five kinds of leaf shapes, implying that concave and broken banana leaves were involved in the variability of TF drop size. Overall, results demonstrate the spatial–temporal variability of TF is dramatically induced by banana canopy with broad leaves, which may result in non-uniform soil water content and splash erosion under the canopy.
A mechanism for migrating bacterial populations to non-genetically adapt to new environments

Populations of chemotactic bacteria can rapidly expand into new territory by consuming and chasing an attractant cue in the environment, increasing the population’s overall growth in nutrient-rich environments. Although the migrating fronts driving this expansion contain cells of multiple swimming phenotypes, the consequences of non-genetic diversity for population expansion are unknown. Here, through theory and simulations, we predict that expanding populations non-genetically adapt their phenotype composition to migrate effectively through multiple physical environments. Swimming phenotypes in the migrating front are spatially sorted by chemotactic performance, but the mapping from phenotype to performance depends on the environment. Therefore, phenotypes that perform poorly localize to the back of the group, causing them to selectively fall behind. Over cell divisions, the group composition dynamically enriches for high-performers, enhancing migration speed and overall growth. Furthermore, non-genetic inheritance controls a trade-off between large composition shifts and slow responsiveness to new environments, enabling a diverse population to out-perform a non-diverse one in varying environments. These results demonstrate that phenotypic diversity and collective behavior can synergize to produce emergent functionalities. Non-genetic inheritance may generically enable bacterial populations to transiently adapt to new situations without mutations, emphasizing that genotype-to-phenotype mappings are dynamic and context-dependent.
Organic Matter Stocks and the Interactions of Humic Substances with Metals in Araucaria Moist Forest Soil with Humic and Histic Horizons

ABSTRACT Soils with humic and histic horizons in tropical and subtropical ecosystems play an important role in determining the atmospheric C stock and its stabilization, climate regulation, water holding capacity, and environmental filtering, due to the different functions of soil organic matter (SOM). However, the processes and mechanisms that regulate SOM dynamics in these soils are not clear. The objectives of this study were: i) determine the C and N stocks and ii) investigate the SOM chemical fractions and their [. ]
Facilitating in-situ simulations in an acute care environment: A qualitative study

Background and objective: Clinical Educators frequently use in-situ simulation-based experiences (SBE) to improve the skill and competency of healthcare professionals. The aim of the experience is to improve the quality of patient care and, ultimately, patient outcomes. The facilitator plays a key role in the in-situ SBE as they provide structure, guidance, and support, to help learners achieve the educational outcomes. However, they often face barriers concerning preparation for their role, time release from clinical duties, time to facilitate an effective debrief, and space constraints. The aim of this research was to gain insights into the opportunities and barriers educators face when facilitating in-situ simulations.Methods: A qualitative descriptive design utilising semi-structured interviews with twelve clinical educators who had facilitated in-situ SBE's in the acute care environment within a hospital facility. Interview data was analysed utilising a general inductive approach to determine themes.Results: The facilitators valued in-situ SBE as a teaching and learning strategy however they faced challenges related to time constraints, resourcing, ‘buy in’ and competing priorities for themselves and the learners.Conclusions: Sustaining an in-situ SBE programme long term requires a departmental culture that normalises SBE as routine practice, a simulation design appropriate to the in-situ environment, and opportunities to engage in a community of practice.
Effect of transtympanic ventilation tube insertion for patients with intractable Meniere’s disease

Background: This study aimed to clarify the effects of transtympanic tube insertion on patients with Meniere’s disease refractory to conservative treatment.Methods: Between January 2010 and December 2019, 40 patients with refractory Meniere’s disease were assigned to group I, a group of 19 patients who underwent transtympanic tube insertion (13 males, 6 females; age range 15-79 years) and group II, a control group of 21 patients who did not undergo intratympanic tube insertion (10 males, 11 females; age range 26-81 years). Definitive vertigo spells, hearing level, tinnitus and aural fullness were assessed for 2 years after treatment. The effectiveness of treatment for vertigo attacks and hearing loss was assessed according to the 1995 American academy of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery criteria. The degree of disability due to vertiginous attacks was also assessed and compared between groups using the dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) before and 2 years after treatment.Results: The frequency of vertigo attacks and the DHI score were significantly better in group I than in group II 2 years after treatment. Group I also showed significantly improved tinnitus and feelings of fullness. However, the hearing level remained unaffected in both groups.Conclusions: This less invasive treatment might offer short term efficacy in reducing persistent vertigo, tinnitus and a feeling of aural fullness for some patients with Meniere’s disease.
Variability and extremes: Statistical validation of the AWI-ESM

Abstract. Coupled general circulation models are of paramount importance to assess quantitatively the magnitude of future climate change. Usual methods for validating climate models include the evaluation of mean values and covariances, but less attention is directed to the evaluation of extremal behaviour. This is a problem because many severe consequences of climate changes are due to climate extremes. We present a method for model validation in terms of extreme values based on classical extreme value theory. We further discuss a clustering algorithm to detect spacial dependencies and tendencies for concurrent extremes. To illustrate these methods, we analyse precipitation extremes of the AWI-ESM global climate model compared to the reanalysis data set CRU TS4.04. The methods presented here can also be used for the comparison of model ensembles, and there may be further applications in palaeoclimatology.