Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yield and Quality of Romaine Lettuce at Different Daily Light Integral in an Indoor Controlled Environment

In this study, the effect of different photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) provided by LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) and photoperiod on biomass production, morphological traits, photosynthetic performance, sensory attributes, and image texture parameters of indoor cultivated romaine lettuce was evaluated. Two cultivars of lettuce Lactuca sativa var. longifolium namely ‘Casual’ (Syngenta)—midi romaine lettuce with medium-compact heads—and ‘Elizium’ (Enza Zaden)—a mini type (Little Gem) with compact heavy heads—were used. PPFD of 160 and 240 µmol m−2 s−1 and photoperiod of 16 and 20 h were applied, and Daily Light Integral (DLI) values were 9.2, 11.5, 13.8, and 17.3 mol m−2 day−1. The experiment lasted 30 days in the Indoor Controlled Environment Agriculture facility. DLI equal to 17.3 mol m−2 per day for cv. ‘Casual’ and 11.5–17.3 mol m−2 per day for cv. ‘Elizium’ allowed to obtain a very high fresh weight, 350 and 240 g, respectively, within 30 days of cultivation in an indoor plant production facility. The application of the lowest PPFD 160 µmol m−2 s−1 and 16 h photoperiod (9.2 mol m−2 per day DLI) resulted in the lowest fresh weight, the number of leaves and head circumference. The level of nitrate, even at the lowest DLI, was below the limit imposed by European Community Regulation. The cv. ‘Elizium’ lettuce grown at PPFD 240 µmol m−2 s−1 and 16 h photoperiod had the highest overall sensory quality. The cv. ‘Casual’ lettuce grown at PPFD 160 µmol m−2 s−1 and 20 h photoperiod had the lowest sensory quality. The samples subjected to different photoperiod and PPFD were also successively distinguished in an objective and non-destructive way using image features and machine learning algorithms. The average accuracy for the leaf samples of cv. ‘Casual’ lettuce reached 98.75% and for cv. ‘Elizium’ cultivar—86.25%. The obtained relationship between DLI and yield, as well as the quality of romaine lettuce, can be used in practice to improve romaine lettuce production in an Indoor Controlled Environment.
From unskilled to employable: using a qualitative examination of the ‘Placement Timeline ResearchMethod’ to explore student professional and personal development whilst on multiple WIL experiences.

This paper explores the method and findings of a qualitative examination into multiple work integrated learning (MWIL) placements. The research consisted of 14 reflective interviews with students from across discipline areas who had undertaken a series of work placements. The range of MWIL experiences included professional placements in nursing and youth work, yearlong placements in accountancy and engineering, self-directed WIL experiences in arts, informal and part-time placements. The aim of this study was to explore the transitions that took place throughout multiple placements that helped the student to become a work ready and an effective professional. A research method, 'Placement Timeline' was developed. This allows a reflective structure for the researcher to tease out skill development and work readiness. All interviews were transcribed and coded using NVivo qualitative software. The paper will discuss selected findings from the research. These provide insights into how multiple WIL experiences may benefit students in their preparation for work. In effect it was as if the work readiness and skills relating to an uncertain and ever changing job market skills were fast tracked over MWIL.This research highlights the key transitional features of MWIL.
Fuel properties comparison of species of microalgae and selected second-generation oil feedstocks

Comparative investigation and assessment of microalgal technology as a biodiesel production option was studied alongside other second generation feedstocks. This was carried out by comparing fuel properties of species of Chlorella vulgaris, Duneliella spp. , Synechococus spp. and Senedesmus spp. with the feedstock of Jatropha (ex-basirika variety), Hura crepitans, rubber and Natal mahogany seed oils. The microalgae were cultivated using a photo-bioreactor (New Brunsink set-up model BF-115 Bioflo/CelliGen made in the USA) with operating parameters: 14 l capacity, working volume of 7.5 l media, including 10% inoculum, at optical density of 3.144 @ 540 nm and light intensity of 200 lux, for 23 and 16 days respectively. Various produced/accumulated biomasses were harvested by draining, flocculation, centrifugation and drying, and then subjected to lipid extraction processes. The oils extracted from the algae and feedstocks were characterised and used to produce biodiesel fuels, by the transesterification method, using a modified optimisation protocol. The fuel properties of the final biodiesel products were evaluated for chemo-physical and fuel properties. Results revealed Chlorella vulgaris as the best strain for biomass cultivation, having the highest lipid productivity (5.2 mgl−1h−1), the highest rate of CO2 absorption (17.85 mgl−1min−1) and the average carbon sequestration in the form of CO2 was 76.6%. The highest biomass productivity was 35.1 mgl−1h−1 (Chlorella), while Senedesmus had the least output (3.75 mgl−1h−1, 11.73 mgl−1min−1). All species had good pH value adaptation, ranging from 6.5 to 8.5. The fuel properties of the microalgal biodiesel in comparison with Jatropha, rubber, Hura and Natal mahogany were within ASTM specification and AGO used as control. Fuel cultivation from microalgae is feasible and will revolutionise the biodiesel industry.
Interaction of surface cracks in metals with open ended coaxial probes at microwave frequencies

Detection and evaluation of stress induced surface cracks in metals is an important issue in many critical environments. There exist several conventional nondestructive testing techniques for detecting such cracks, although each has its limitations and advantages. Recent developments in using microwave based techniques have also shown great promise. One of these microwave nondestructive testing techniques makes effective use of open ended coaxial probes for detecting and evaluating tight surface cracks. The potential and practical attributes of this technique are presented in this paper. The basic idea behind using this probe is presented, as well as several experimental results, laying the foundation for an electromagnetic modeling effort. The modeling approach is based on a mode matching technique and the conservation of complex power at the junction between a coaxial probe aperture and a narrow rectangular waveguide representing a tight crack. It is also shown that the phase of reflection coefficient, referenced at this junction, is an effective parameter for obtaining the coaxial crack characteristic signal, which indicates the presence of the crack as well as some of the crack dimensional information. Comparison between the measured and calculated results is also shown. A discussion regarding the influence of crack depth on coaxial crack characteristic signals is also given. The potential for crack width determination as well as the influence of the frequency of operation is also discussed.
SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSING LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL OF SOILSIN THE SPECIFICATIONS FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES

1995年兵庫県南部地震の後に改訂された道路橋示方書において, 液状化判定法も大幅に見直されたが, 本論文ではその改訂成案に至る根拠資料を提示するものである. 主な項目は, 液状化する可能性のある土の範囲, 原位置液状化抵抗の簡易評価法, および簡易液状化判定法である. また, 液状化判定法についての残された技術的課題についても最後に言及する.
Analog synaptic devices applied to spiking neural networks for reinforcement learning applications

In this work, we implement hardware-based spiking neural network (SNN) using the thin-film transistor (TFT)-type flash synaptic devices. A hardware-based SNN architecture with synapse arrays and integrate-and-fire (I&F) neuron circuits is presented for executing reinforcement learning (RL). Two problems were used to evaluate the applicability of the proposed hardware-based SNNs to off-chip RL: the Cart Pole balancing problem and the Rush Hour problem. The neural network was trained using a deep Q-learning algorithm. The proposed hardware-based SNNs using the synapse model with measured characteristics successfully solve the two problems and show high performance, implying that the networks are suitable for executing RL. Furthermore, the effect of variations in non-ideal synaptic devices and neurons on the performance was investigated.
An Implementation of Stochastic Forces for the N-body Code REBOUND

We describe the implementation of a new module which can be used to simulate physical systems in which the motion of particles is affected by stochastic forces. Such forces are expected to be present in turbulent circumstellar disks or remnant planetesimal disks. Our implementation offers a convenient way to generate correlated noise with a user-specified amplitude and auto-correlation time for each particle. The module has minimal memory requirements and is freely available within the REBOUNDx additional effects library.
Characterizing and Mitigating Intraday Variability: Reconstructing Source Structure in Accreting Black Holes with mm-VLBI

The extraordinary physical resolution afforded by the Event Horizon Telescope has opened a window onto the astrophysical phenomena unfolding on horizon scales in two known black holes, M87* and Sgr A*. However, with this leap in resolution has come a new set of practical complications. Sgr A* exhibits intraday variability that violates the assumptions underlying Earth aperture synthesis, limiting traditional image reconstruction methods to short timescales and data sets with very sparse (u, v) coverage. We present a new set of tools to detect and mitigate this variability. We develop a data-driven, model-agnostic procedure to detect and characterize the spatial structure of intraday variability. This method is calibrated against a large set of mock data sets, producing an empirical estimator of the spatial power spectrum of the brightness fluctuations. We present a novel Bayesian noise modeling algorithm that simultaneously reconstructs an average image and statistical measure of the fluctuations about it using a parameterized form for the excess variance in the complex visibilities not otherwise explained by the statistical errors. These methods are validated using a variety of simulated data, including general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations appropriate for Sgr A* and M87*. We find that the reconstructed source structure and variability are robust to changes in the underlying image model. We apply these methods to the 2017 EHT observations of M87*, finding evidence for variability across the EHT observing campaign. The variability mitigation strategies presented are widely applicable to very long baseline interferometry observations of variable sources generally, for which they provide a data-informed averaging procedure and natural characterization of inter-epoch image consistency.
Power Electronics Converters Applications And Design

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Mixing of Exhaust and By-pass Flow in a By-pass Engine

It is well known that the main purpose of the by-pass principle is to improve the propulsive efficiency of a simple jet engine by removing some of the energy left in the jet gases and using this to compress an extra quantity of air, known as the by-pass air, this air being ejected rearwards with the jet gases. In this way a greater mass of air is ejected rearwards at a lower jet velocity and thus a better propulsive efficiency is obtained. This is an extremely simplified view of the advantages of the by-pass engine, however, since an equivalent result of obtaining a lower jet velocity can be obtained by designing the jet engine for a lower combustion temperature. The by-pass principle is of advantage because it enables a higher propulsive efficiency to be obtained at the same time as employing a high combustion temperature and therefore a high basic cycle efficiency. If the component efficiencies of a gas turbine were 100 per cent, cycle efficiency would not depend upon combustion temperature at all, and there would thus be no advantage in principle in using the by-pass engine. In practice there would probably be some residual advantage left in that for a given thrust a lower engine weight could be obtained.
Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Grain Yield and Quality Traits in Winter Wheat

A better understanding of the ini¬‚uence of water deficit on grain yield and quality in wheat is important for agronomists and farmers developing management practices for improved quality. A barrel experiment was conducted in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 to investigate the effects of water deficit on the relationship between grain yield and quality of winter wheat. The experimental treatments of three growth stages (beginning of spring growth, stem elongation, and grain filling) x three levels of water deficit (60% to 65%, 50% to 55%, and 40% to 45% of field capacity (FC) for light, moderate, and severe deficit, respectively) were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. A non-deficit control (CK) (75% to 85% FC from sowing to maturity) with three replications was also included. A negative linear correlation between grain protein content (GPC) and soil water content (SWC) was observed at the stem elongation stage in both years. Light or moderate water deficit prior to the stem elongation stage did not significantly reduce grain yield (GY), protein yield (PY), or amino acid yield (AAY) compared with full irrigation. Light water deficit during the grain filling stage did not significantly decrease grain yield and was significantly associated with improved grain quality and water conservation. The results demonstrated that the relationship between GY and GPC changed due to different treatments. Findings suggested that light or moderate water deficit prior to the stem elongation stage, or light water deficit at the grain filling stage, promote high yield and grain quality in winter wheat.
Analysis of static and dynamic deformation modulus

AbstractThis article summarises dynamic deformation modulus correlation with second reload of static plate load test results for an even thickness soil strata layer. An analysis of execution and result interpretation of both static deformation modulus and dynamic deformation modulus is provided also. Different correlations between the two modulus according to different authors are provided. Since dynamic plate load test is not regulated in Lithuania as a soil compaction contron method, a few dynamic plate load tests and static plate load tests were executed in order to compare compaction results. The additional experiments for dynamic plate load tests in different depths were executed which showed that deformation modulus is dependant on depth of test execution, thus it is worthwile to mention to be cautious on compaction results in trenches.
Online rotor mixed fault diagnosis way based on spectrum analysis of instantaneous power in squirrel cage induction motors

Broken rotor bars and eccentricity are common faults in squirrel cage induction motors. These two faults usually occur simultaneously. This paper will deal with this kind of mixed fault. It is well known that the characteristic frequency of broken bars in the stator line current of a squirrel cage induction motor is very near to that of the fundamental component. In the spectrum of the stator line current, the characteristic components related to broken rotor bars are always submerged by the fundamental one, and it is difficult to detect the broken bar fault at an early stage. In our work, instantaneous power of the motor is used as the quantity to be monitored. Theoretical analysis indicates that the spectrum of ac level of the spectrum of the instantaneous power is clear from any component at the fundamental supply frequency, and the fault characteristics can be highlighted, which is effective toward the separation of mixed faults and the quantification of the fault extent. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Single center blind testing of a US multi-center validated diagnostic algorithm for Kawasaki disease in Taiwan

Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. The major challenge in KD diagnosis is that it shares clinical signs with other childhood febrile control (FC) subjects. We sought to determine if our algorithmic approach applied to a Taiwan cohort. Methods A single center (Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan) cohort of patients suspected with acute KD were prospectively enrolled by local KD specialists for KD analysis. Our previously single-center developed computer-based two-step algorithm was further tested by a five-center validation in US. This first blinded multi-center trial validated our approach, with sufficient sensitivity and positive predictive value, to identify most patients with KD diagnosed at centers across the US. This study involved 418 KDs and 259 FCs from the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan. Findings Our diagnostic algorithm retained sensitivity (379 of 418; 90.7%), specificity (223 of 259; 86.1%), PPV (379 of 409; 92.7%), and NPV (223 of 247; 90.3%) comparable to previous US 2016 single center and US 2020 fiver center results. Only 4.7% (15 of 418) of KD and 2.3% (6 of 259) of FC patients were identified as indeterminate. The algorithm identified 18 of 50 (36%) KD patients who presented 2 or 3 principal criteria. Of 418 KD patients, 157 were infants younger than one year and 89.2% (140 of 157) were classified correctly. Of the 44 patients with KD who had coronary artery abnormalities, our diagnostic algorithm correctly identified 43 (97.7%) including all patients with dilated coronary artery but one who found to resolve in 8 weeks. Interpretation This work demonstrates the applicability of our algorithmic approach and diagnostic portability in Taiwan.
Korean Expatriates Adjustments and Job Satisfaction in Malaysia: Analysis of Corporate Cultural Asymmetry

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to discover how Korean expatriates that are currently employed in Korean subsidiaries operational in Malaysia possibly suffer from career dissatisfaction due to differences between Korean Corporate Culture (KCC) and Malaysian Corporate Culture (MCC). The integration of KCC into MCC is discussed. Research design, data, and methodology – The analysis herein is via a qualitative research. Forty-six interviewees voluntarily participated in in-depth interviews. Document analysis and qualitative interviews were utilized to develop participant profiles and to generate the framework. Interview data were transcribed and subsequently analysed to facilitate the development of themes and ultimately led to emerging patterns. The framework discusses the following Confucian pillars pronounced in KCC: Control Systems, Power Structures, Organisational Structures, Authority and Harmony and Stories and Myths. Those pillars are analysed and the results of the interviews are discussed in detail. Results – Korean expatriates on assignment in Malaysia endure struggles in all five selected Confucian pillars as they are not symmetrical with Korean Corporate Culture common at head companies in Korea. Conclusion – As a consequence, there is substantial disharmony which needs to be rectified if Korean companies are to continue their ‘miraculous’ economic movement into the country.
A Generic Tool to Study Human Design Activities

This paper reports on the results of using an ontologically-based generic approach to carry out protocol analyses of designers. The Function-Behavior-Structure (FBS) ontology has been proposed as the basis of a generic coding scheme that transcends the domain of application, the task being studied, and the number of designers being studied. This paper presents results of testing this generic coding scheme in both in vitro and in situ conditions. After coding, these protocols was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Markov chains and the results compared. This work demonstrates the applicability of using the FBS coding scheme as a foundation for studying human design activities.
ELASTIC PLASTIC NON-CONFORMING CONTACT MODELING PART II: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The contact between a rigid sphere and an elastic-plastic half-space is modeled using the newly proposed computer program. The elastic-plastic behavior is described by a power hardening law (Swift). Numerical predictions agree well with results obtained from alternative numerical codes or from finite element analysis. The plastic strain region, initially hemispherical, advances peripherally toward the free surface, enveloping a purely elastic core on the central axis. Numerical simulations predict that residual stresses decrease the peak intensity of the stresses induced by contact pressure, thus impeding further plastic flow. Computed pressure distributions appear flattened compared to elastic case, due to changes in both hardening state and contact conformity.
A longitudinal study of the pulmonary mycobiome in subjects with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background Few studies have examined the stability of the pulmonary mycobiome. We report longitudinal changes in the oral and pulmonary mycobiome of participants with and without COPD in a large-scale bronchoscopy study (MicroCOPD). Methods Repeated sampling was performed in 30 participants with and 21 without COPD. We collected an oral wash (OW) and a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample from each participant at two time points. The internal transcribed spacer 1 region of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster was PCR amplified and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq sequencer. Differences in taxonomy, alpha diversity, and beta diversity between the two time points were compared, and we examined the effect of intercurrent antibiotic use. Results Sample pairs were dominated by Candida. We observed less stability in the pulmonary taxonomy compared to the oral taxonomy, additionally emphasised by a higher Yue-Clayton measure in BAL compared to OW (0.69 vs 0.22). No apparent effect was visually seen on taxonomy from intercurrent antibiotic use or participant category. We found no systematic variation in alpha diversity by time either in BAL (p-value 0.16) or in OW (p-value 0.97), and no obvious clusters on bronchoscopy number in PCoA plots. Pairwise distance analyses showed that OW samples from repeated sampling appeared more stable compared to BAL samples using the Bray-Curtis distance metric (p-value 0.0012), but not for Jaccard. Conclusion Results from the current study propose that the pulmonary mycobiome is less stable than the oral mycobiome, and neither COPD diagnosis nor intercurrent antibiotic use seemed to influence the stability.