Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ticagrelor Aspirin vs Clopidogrel Aspirin in CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Carriers With Minor Stroke or TIA Stratified by Risk Profile

Background and Objective Genotype data of the Clopidogrel with Aspirin in Acute Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (CHANCE) trial showed that efficacy of clopidogrel aspirin depended on CYP2C19 genotype and risk profile. A stratification of patients who carried CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) alleles according to the risk of recurrent stroke may be important for selecting optimal antiplatelet therapy. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor aspirin with clopidogrel aspirin in CYP2C19 LOF carriers with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) stratified by risk profile. Methods Data were obtained from Ticagrelor or Clopidogrel with Aspirin in High-Risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events II (CHANCE-2) trial. Low-risk and high-risk profiles were defined by Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS) (<3 [low risk] and ≥3 [high risk], respectively). Results A total of 6,412 CYP2C19 LOF carriers were enrolled; ticagrelor aspirin was associated with a reduced risk of primary outcome (new stroke within 90-day follow-up) in patients at low risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48–0.82), but not in those at high risk (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.73–1.29), compared with clopidogrel aspirin (p = 0.02 for interaction). Secondary outcomes generally went in the same direction as the primary outcome. The primary safety outcome of severe or moderate bleeding did not differ based on risk profile (p = 0.24 for interaction), although the incidence of total bleeding was greater with ticagrelor aspirin than with clopidogrel aspirin among patients at low risk (p < 0.01 for interaction). Analysis in the per-protocol population yielded similar results. Discussion This post hoc analysis of CHANCE-2 trial showed that CYP2C19 LOF carriers with minor stroke or TIA at low risk of recurrent stroke received a greater benefit from ticagrelor aspirin than from clopidogrel aspirin. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that CYP2C19 LOF carriers with minor stroke or TIA at low risk, but not at high risk, of recurrent stroke (by the ESRS) received a greater benefit from ticagrelor aspirin than from clopidogrel aspirin. Trial Registration Information URL: www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT04078737.
Dynamic and Functional Alterations of Neuronal Networks In Vitro upon Physical Damage: A Proof of Concept

There is a growing technological interest in combining biological neuronal networks with electronic ones, specifically for biological computation, human–machine interfacing and robotic implants. A major challenge for the development of these technologies is the resilience of the biological networks to physical damage, for instance, when used in harsh environments. To tackle this question, here, we investigated the dynamic and functional alterations of rodent cortical networks grown in vitro that were physically damaged, either by sequentially removing groups of neurons that were central for information flow or by applying an incision that cut the network in half. In both cases, we observed a remarkable capacity of the neuronal cultures to cope with damage, maintaining their activity and even reestablishing lost communication pathways. We also observed—particularly for the cultures cut in half—that a reservoir of healthy neurons surrounding the damaged region could boost resilience by providing stimulation and a communication bridge across disconnected areas. Our results show the remarkable capacity of neuronal cultures to sustain and recover from damage, and may be inspirational for the development of future hybrid biological–electronic systems.
Atmospheric correction of PROBA/CHRIS data in an urban environment

The Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS) is an imaging spectrometer onboard the European Space Agency (ESA) Project for On-Board Autonomy (PROBA) satellite. However, it has been shown that CHRIS presents some miscalibration trends over the spectral region covered. This paper reports a practical procedure for the atmospheric correction of CHRIS images based on field recalibration in an urban environment. In the first stage, the spectra of surface targets are measured and used to simulate the spectral radiance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) for each channel and to determine the recalibration coefficients of the CHRIS images. In the second stage, two methods for atmospheric correction are examined: the radiative transfer model (RTM) and the improved dark-object subtraction (IDOS) method. For comparison purposes, the empirical line method (ELM) is also evaluated. The accuracy assessment shows that the RTM with the Moderate Resolution Transmittance (MODTRAN) code provides the most accurate atmospheric correction for the multiangular CHRIS images when using the proposed procedure.
Towards the concept of hydrodynamic cavitation control

A careful study of the existing literature available in the field of cavitation reveals the potential of ultrasonics as a tool for controlling and, if possible, eliminating certain types of hydrodynamic cavitation through the manipulation of nuclei size present in a flow. A glass venturi is taken to be an ideal device to study the cavitation phenomenon at its throat and its potential control. A piezoelectric transducer, driven at the crystal resonant frequency, is used to generate an acoustic pressure field and is termed an ‘ultrasonic nuclei manipulator (UNM)'. Electrolysis bubbles serve as artificial nuclei to produce travelling bubble cavitation at the venturi throat in the absence of a UNM but this cavitation is completely eliminated when a UNM is operative. This is made possible because the nuclei, which pass through the acoustic field first, cavitate, collapse violently and perhaps fragment and go into dissolution before reaching the venturi throat. Thus, the potential nuclei for travelling bubble cavitation at the venturi throat seem to be systematically destroyed through acoustic cavitation near the UNM. From the solution to the bubble dynamics equation, it has been shown that the potential energy of a bubble at its maximum radius due to an acoustic field is negligible compared to that for the hydrodynamic field. Hence, even though the control of hydrodynamic macro cavitation achieved in this way is at the expense of acoustic micro cavitation, it can still be considered to be a significant gain. These are some of the first results in this direction.
Effect of Voltage Level on the Performance of Silicone Rubber in the Inclined Plane Tracking and Erosion Test

This paper investigates the effect of the test voltage level on the performance of silicone rubber in inclined plane tracking and erosion test. Silicone rubber composites, filled with either alumina tri-hydrate or ground silica to 30 wt% or 50 wt%, are tested in inclined plane tracking and erosion test under 2.5 kV, 3.5 kV, and 4.5 kV. The degradation patterns of the tested silicone rubber surfaces are found dependent on the test voltage level during the inclined plane tracking and erosion test, as the dry-band arcing on silicone rubber tends to form tracks under relatively mild test voltages and deep erosion under the critical test voltage. These findings confirm the importance of employing the critical voltage while evaluating the erosion resistance of silicone rubber in the inclined plane tracking and erosion test. In addition, the critical test voltage of silicone rubber is found dependent on the amount of filler added to the composite.
A 78.6 dB-SNDR 520mVpp-full-scale 620MΩ-Zin 105dBCMRR VCO-based Sensor Readout Circuit Using FVF-Based Gm-Input Structure

Classic sensor readout circuits generally consist of an instrumentation amplifier (IA) followed by an ADC. As emerging IoT and biomedical applications further tightening power and area budgets, direct-digitizing sensor readouts obviating the IA have drawn rising interest for their high power and area efficiency. Capacitor-coupling input network and capacitive feedback digital-to-analog converter (C-DAC) are used in some $\Delta \Sigma$ ADCs to achieve wide DR and high energy efficiency [1]-[2]. However, the capacitive input network cannot provide high input impedance under chopping. Alternatively, some works [3]-[4] replace the capacitive input network with a transconductor (Gm) for high impedance. To improve linearity, [3] uses a resistive feedback DAC (R-DAC) to degenerate the transconductor and close the $\Delta \Sigma$ loop. However, this method is not compatible with the dynamic element matching (DEM) technique and the R-DAC has to be large to reduce mismatch. Work [4] linearizes the transconductor by introducing two OTAs, which increases complexity and power consumption. And the OTAs are still large in area to suppress 1/f noise.
Superficial and Deep Capillary Plexuses: Potential Biomarkers of Focal Retinal Defects in Eyes Affected by Macular Idiopatic Epiretinal Membranes? A Pilot Study

Inner macular layers are the most involved in the retinal distortion caused by idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM). They represent the anatomical structures in which the superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexus are embedded. We quantified flow signal (FS) in these capillary plexuses using Swept Source OCT angiography to identify possible markers for postoperative outcome. The software ImageJ was used to quantify the FS in a 150 µm radius area around each point analyzed by MAIA microperimeter. In 16 patients with unilateral iERM, focal light sensitivity (FLS) in the para- and perimacular areas was measured to evaluate macular function in 24 points overlapping macular plexuses and compared with normal fellow eyes (FEs). t-Test for independent samples iERM eyes (iERMEs) vs. fellow eyes (FEs) and Pearson correlation coefficient of FS vs. FLS in each point were calculated. A level of p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. As a whole, FLS was significantly higher in FEs vs. ERMEs (p < 0.001); FS in both SCP and DCP was not significantly different between ERMEs and FEs (p = 0.827, p = 0.791). Correlation in focal retinal areas between FLS and FS in ERMEs was significant in SCP (p = 0.002) and not significant in DCP (p = 0.205); in FEs was significant in both SCP (p < 0.001) and DCP (p = 0.022). As previously described, these defective areas were located mainly in sites of distortion of retinal layers; therefore, it can be hypothesized that a focal change in FS, occurring mostly in SCP, could be involved in the onset of the functional defect.
Comparison of machine learning algorithms in the context of deep diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma with myometrial invasion

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common primary malignant tumors in women. The depth of myometrial invasion is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of endometrial cancer, and it is also an important basis for clinical staging by the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Therefore, it is very important to accurately assess the depth of myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer before surgery. As a routine inspection method for the depth of myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer, ultrasonography has the characteristics of short time, low price but low accuracy. Combined with the routine examination indicators and ultrasound data of patients with endometrial cancer, this paper uses machine learning algorithms such as logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, clustering, multilayer perceptron and other algorithms to classify and predict data samples. The results show that random forest showed the best predictive analysis performance with prediction accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 97.7%, 94.1% and 100.0%, respectively.
Management accounting information system and intellectual capital: a way to increase SME’s business performance

Purpose – The paper aims to clarify the unclear relationship between management accounting information systems and SME business performance by having intellectual capital as mediating variable. This will expand the domain of management accounting information usage from SME’s perspective. Design/methodology/approach – The paper used a descriptive study using the close-ended questionnaire distributed to 428 SMEs in East Java Region. The data were complemented by statistical analysis using SMART PLS to test the mediation role of intellectual capital. Findings – The paper provided empirical evidence that intellectual capital plays as a quasi mediating for management accounting information system and business performance relationship. This encouraged SME to optimize their IT usage to maximize the benefit of implementing MAIS. Research limitations/implications – Since management accounting system needs for business varied, future study needs to consider the level of IT usage. Therefore, future researchers are encouraged to investigate how to set the usage level. Practical implications – The paper included implications for the development of higher level of IT usage, such as management accounting information system to gain the benefits, that is increased business performance. Originality value – This paper filled the gap in IT usage from SMEs’ perspective by expanding the role of intellectual capital on the relationship of management accounting information systems on business performance.
Determining assortments of used products for B2B transactions in reverse supply chain

Abstract The reverse supply chain – in which used products are collected from end-users and remanufactured for resale – includes a consolidator, broker, and remanufacturer. The used products entering the reverse supply chain tend to be of heterogeneous quality levels and require different amounts of remanufacturing effort and cost. The consolidator collects these products from the end-users and sells them in unsorted form to the broker; the broker sorts them into different grades and offers the graded units to the remanufacturer. This article analyzes the business-to-business transaction between the broker and the remanufacturer. We determine the broker’s optimal assortment in terms of the optimal number of grades, their expected remanufacturing costs, and selling prices. We show that: (i) the optimal grades created by the broker and their prices depend on the distribution of the remanufacturing costs for the used products acquired by the broker and the remanufacturer’s demand distribution; and (ii) the expected remanufacturing costs and selling prices for each grade follow a specific ordering and constitute a convex hull. Comparative statics analyses show the malleability of the grading process to the changes in the broker’s exogenous parameters. A numerical study using data from prior research on reverse channels shows that the optimal grading policy results in higher profits for both the broker and the remanufacturer as compared with a heuristic policy for creating grades.
The Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Paediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis in Poland

Background. Paediatric-onset MS (POMS) has a unique clinical profile compared to the more prevalent adult-onset MS. For this study, we aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of POMS in Poland as well as addressing some of its epidemiological aspects. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted based on the Polish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, considering a population of children and adolescents with MS (age ≤ 18 years). Data were collected by all 13 centres across Poland specializing in diagnosing and treating POMS. The actual course of the disease and its clinical properties were compared between child (≤12 years) and juvenile (>12 years) patients. MS onset and its prevalence were assessed at the end of 2019, stratified by age range. Results. A total of 329 paediatric or juvenile patients (228 girls, 101 boys) with a clinically definite diagnosis of MS, in conformity with the 2017 McDonald Criteria, were enrolled. For 71 children (21.6%), the first symptoms appeared before the age of 12. The female: male ratio increased with age, amounting to 1:1 in the ≤12 years group and to 2.9:1 in the >12 years group. In most cases, the disease had multi-symptomatic onset (31.3%), and its course was mostly of a relapsing–remitting character (95.7%). The initial Expanded Disability Status Score for both groups was 1.63 ± 1.1, whereas the annual relapse rate was 0.84 during the first 2 years. The time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was longer in the younger patients (8.2 ± 4.2 vs. 4.6 ± 3.6 months; p < 0.005). On 31 December 2019, the age-adjusted prevalence standardized to the European standard population was 5.19/100,000 (95% CI, 4.64–5.78). Significantly higher prevalence was noted in the 13–18 years group (7.12; 95% CI, 6.64–7.86) than in the 9–12 years group (3.41; 95% CI, 2.98–3.86) and the <9 years group (0.56; 95% CI, 0.46–0.64; p < 0.001). Conclusion. POMS commencing at the age of ≤12 years is rare, differing significantly from the juvenile-onset and adult MS in terms of clinical characteristics, course, and incidence, as stratified by gender.
Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) Nesting and Health Parameters in St. Kitts, 2003–2016

Abstract The St. Kitts Sea Turtle Monitoring Network (SKSTMN) began implementation of a leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) monitoring program in 2003 on the main leatherback nesting beaches on St. Kitts, Keys Beach, and North Friars Beach, West Indies. From March 2003 to July 2016, a total of 2,419 adult female leatherback emergence events were recorded and evaluated. A notable decrease in adult leatherback emergence activity was observed over the course of the study period. The nesting season was documented to range from February to August. April and May were typically the months with the highest frequency of nesting. The number of females individually identified (flipper tagging and/or passive integrated transponder) from 2004–2016 was 259, with a mean curved carapace length (CCL) (n = 720) of 153 cm and mean curved carapace width (CCW) (n = 719) of 113 cm. Remigration intervals ranged from 1–5 yr with a median of 2 yr. For nesting females in St. Kitts over the course of the study period, mean clutch frequency (with standard deviation [SD]) was 3 (SD 2.9) and during a reproductive season was 2.2 (SD 1.44). Mean total number of eggs laid per nest was 113 with mean number of yolked eggs being 83.5 and yolkless 29.3. The mean incubation period was 59.5 days overall (SD 3.5) with a hatch success overall of 16.75%. Relocated nests had significantly lower hatch success than in situ nests and poaching rates decreased over the course of this study. From 2006–2016, a total of 191 blood samples were collected from 118 individual animals. Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters are outlined and changes in values in individuals over the course of nesting seasons and association with remigration intervals are described. The goal of this study was to report on 14 years of leatherback monitoring and determine the baseline health profile of the nesting leatherback population in St. Kitts.
Scalings of implosion experiments for high neutron yield

A series of experiments focused on high neutron yield has been performed with the Gekko‐XII green laser system [Nucl. Fusion 27, 19 (1987)]. Deuterium–tritium (DT) neutron yield of 1013 and pellet gain of 0.2% have been achieved. Based on the experimental data from more than 70 irradiations, the scaling laws of the neutron yield and the related physical quantities have been studied. Comparison of the experimental neutron yield with that obtained by using a one‐dimensional fluid code has led to the conclusion that most of the neutrons produced in the stagnation phase of the computation are not observed in the experiment because of fuel–pusher mixing, possibly induced by the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. The coupling efficiency and ablation pressure have been calculated using the ion temperature measured experimentally. A coupling efficiency of 5.5% and an ablation pressure of 50 Mbar have been obtained.
Factors affecting buccal corridor space in Angle's Class II Division 1 malocclusion

Background and Objectives: Buccal corridor space has been thought of primarily in terms of maxillary width, but there is also evidence that they are heavily influenced by the antero-posterior position of maxilla. The present study was undertaken with an aim of evaluating and comparing the dental and skeletal factors related to buccal corridor space in individuals having Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusions. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 subjects of which 40 were males and 40 were females in the age group of 20-30 years were selected as per inclusion criteria and were grouped as Group I having Class I malocclusion and as Group II having Class II malocclusions based on angle ANB. 12 linear and 2 angular cephalometric measurements and 4 study cast measurements were used to correlate with the buccal corridor linear ratio (BCLR), calculated on smile photograph using the Adobe Photoshop 7.0 software (Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, California, USA). The data obtained was statistically evaluated using independent t-test and multiple linear regression analysis. Result: Buccal corridor space is larger in individuals with Class II Division 1 malocclusion when compared with individuals with Class I malocclusions. There exists a significant difference in buccal corridor space between males and females. Conclusion: The present study helps in establishing the correlation between certain factors and the amount of buccal corridor space in individuals having skeletal Class II pattern.
Populism in the pre-election period: Analysis of the social discourse on the topic of migration in Slovak parliamentary election campaign 2020

Abstract The topic of migration is often used by populist and non-populist politicians in order to arouse emotions, polarise social attitudes and thus mobilise voters. The present study aims to identify themes (a cognitive aspect of attitudes) and discrete emotions (an emotional aspect of attitudes) in online social discourse as a reaction to the media posts of the main Slovak political parties on the topic of migration in the pre-election period (January-February 2020). Methodological triangulation of discourse analysis and Text mining was used to analyse the data. Analysis of the discourse revealed that articles with pro-migrant rhetoric provoked more discussion about the security and identity threat, while articles by populists provoked more discussion about the morality of elites and the economic threat of migration. The evoked sentiment throughout the discourse leaned more towards negative emotions (fear, anger) but pro-migrant articles and articles by non-populist politicians evoked also positive emotions (joy). Results indicate that rather than fear of migration, the anticipation of a change in the morale of the elites was the key element of the pre-election period in Slovakia. Limitations and implications of the study are further discussed. The value of this paper lies in focusing on both emotional and cognitive aspects of attitudes towards migration.