Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural, Morphological, Optical Properties and Modelling of Ag Doped CuO/ZnO/AZO Solar Cell

Copper (II) oxide (CuO) has attained significant attention from researchers because of its unique chemical and physical properties. Ag-doped CuO thin films have been produced on the soda glass substrate (SLG) by spin coating technique at different doping ratios. Structural, morphological, and optical properties of thin films produced depending on altered silver ratios have been examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Band gaps of prepared undoped and 1% Ag-doped CuO thin films have been measured as 1.90eV and 1.63eV, respectively. Ag/undoped CuO and Ag-doped CuO/ZnO/AZO solar cells have been modelled, and their photovoltaic parameters have also been calculated using the SCAPS-1D simulation program. This work aims to investigate the photovoltaic parameters that would improve the efficiency of a solar cell. The effect of Ag atoms on the efficiency of CuO solar cells has been investigated depending on the acceptor density (Na), the interface defect density (Nt), and the operating temperature. Ag-doped CuO solar cells have shown the highest efficiency for Nt=1010 cm-3 and Na=6, 5x1016 cm-3 values. It has been well observed that as the operating temperature increases, the solar cells’ power conversion efficiency decreases. The highest charge generation rates in the undoped and Ag-doped solar cells have been determined as 1.49×1022 1/cm3.s and 1.51×1025 1/cm3.s, respectively. All the results, either theoretical or experimental, have been presented in this work and have been compared for a conclusion that has been made in detail.
Asymptotic bounds for Nori's connectivity theorem

Let $Y$ be a smooth complex projective variety. We study the cohomology of smooth families of hypersurfaces $X\to B$ for $B\subset{\bf P}H^0(Y,O(d))$ a codimension $c$ subvariety. We give an asymptotically optimal bound on $c$ and $k$ for $d\to\infty$ for the space $H^k(X,\C)$ not to be spanned by the image of $H^k(Y\times B,\C)$, thus extending the validity of Lefschetz Hyperplane section Theorem and Nori's Connectivity Theorem. Next, we construct in the limit case explicit families of higher Chow groups which span the non trivial cohomology classes in $X$. We give examples of indecomposable classes. The construction suggests a conjecture predicting that in the limit case the cokernel of the restriction map $H^k(Y\times B)\to H^k(X)$ should always be algebraic, containing Nori's Connectivity Theorem and our previous work on the Noether-Lefschetz locus as special cases.
Machine Learning Framework for Real-Time Assessment of Traffic Safety Utilizing Connected Vehicle Data

Assessment of roadway safety in real-time is a necessary component for providing proactive safety countermeasures to ensure the continued safety and efficiency of roadways. A framework for utilizing data from connected vehicles and other probe sources is proposed in this study. Connected vehicles present an opportunity to provide live fingerprinting and activity monitoring on roadways. Taking advantage of high-resolution trajectory data streaming directly from connected vehicles, variables are extracted and the relationship with crashes are explored utilizing statistical and machine learning models. Hard acceleration events, in conjunction with segment miles are shown to have strong positive correlations with historical crash outcomes as proven by OLS, Poisson and Gradient Booster regression models. An XGBoost classification model is then trained to predict the real-time instances of crash outcomes at 5 min temporal bins with high levels of accuracy when trained with data including the real-time segment speed, reference speed, segment miles, a segment crash risk factor and other variables related to the difference in speeds between consecutive segments as well as the hour of the day. A weighted ensemble model achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 0.95. The results present evidence that the framework can capitalize on the richness of data available via connected vehicles and is implementable as a component in Advanced Traffic Management Systems for the analysis of safety critical situations in real-time.
Determinantal point processes in the plane from products of random matrices

We show the density of eigenvalues for three classes of random matrix ensembles is determinantal. First we derive the density of eigenvalues of product of $k$ independent $n\times n$ matrices with i.i. d. complex Gaussian entries with a few of matrices being inverted. In second example we calculate the same for (compatible) product of rectangular matrices with i.i. d. Gaussian entries and in last example we calculate for product of independent truncated unitary random matrices. We derive exact expressions for limiting expected empirical spectral distributions of above mentioned ensembles.
Effects of Future Climate and Biogenic Emissions Changes on Surface Ozone over the United States and China

Abstract Future projections of near-surface ozone concentrations depend on the climate/emissions scenario used to drive future simulations, the direct effects of the changing climate on the atmosphere, and the indirect effects of changing temperatures and CO2 levels on biogenic ozone precursor emissions. The authors investigate the influence of these factors on potential future changes in summertime daily 8-h maximum ozone over the United States and China by comparing Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 2.4, (MOZART-2.4) simulations for the period 1996–2000 with 2095–99, using climate projections from NCAR–Department of Energy Parallel Climate Model simulations driven by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1fi (higher) and B1 (lower) emission scenarios, with corresponding changes in biogenic emissions. The effect of projected climate changes alone on surface ozone is generally less than 3 ppb over most regions. Regional ozone increases and.
Axisymmetric buckling of antisymmetrically laminated spherical caps

0422, Jan. 1983. Cebeci, T. , and Smith, A. M. O. , Analysis of Turbulent Boundary Layers, Academic Press, New York, 1974. Whitfield, D. L. , "Integral Solution of Compressible Turbulent Boundary Layers Using Improved Velocity Profiles," Arnold Engineering Development Center TR-78-42, Arnold AFB, TN, Dec. 1978. Swafford, T. W. , "Unsteady Viscous/Inviscid Interaction via Direct Coupling of the Id-Euler and 2d-Integral Boundary-Layer Equations," Mississippi State Engineering and Industrial Research Station, Kept. MSSU-EIRS-ERC-90-1, Mississippi State, MS, March 1991. Swafford, T. W. , and Whitfield, D. L. , "Time-Dependent Solutions of Three-Dimensional Compressible Turbulent Integral Boundary-Layer Equations," AIAA Journal, Vol. 23, No. 7, 1985, pp. 1005-1013. Swafford, T. W. , "Time-Dependent, Inverse Solution of ThreeDimensional, Compressible, Turbulent, Integral Boundary-Layer Equations in Nonorthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates," Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 218, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1985, pp. 541-545. Swafford, T. W. , "Analytical Approximation of Two-Dimensional Separated Turbulent Boundary-Layer Velocity Profiles," AIAA Journal, Vol. 21, No. 6, 1983, pp. 923-926. Whitfield, D. L. , Swafford, T. W. , and Donegan, T. L. , "An Inverse Integral Computational Method Compressible Turbulent Boundary Layers," Recent Contributions to Fluid Mechanics, edited by W. Haase, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1982, pp. 294-302. Donegan, Tracy, "Unsteady Viscous-Inviscid Interaction Procedures for Transonic Airfoil Flows," M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, Dec. 1983. Press, W. H. , Flannery, B. P., Teukolsky, S. A. , and Vettering, W. T. , Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1986, pp. 365-376. Back, L. H. , Massier, P. F. , and Gier, H. L. , "Comparison of Measured and Predicted Flows Through Conical Supersonic Nozzles with Emphasis on the Transonic Region," AIAA Journal, Vol. 3, No. 9, 1965, pp. 1606-1614. MacCormack, R. W. , "The Effect of Viscosity in Hypervelocity Impact Cratering," AIAA Paper 69-354, May 1969.
A weak convergence approach to the theory of large deviations

Formulation of Large Deviation Theory in Terms of the Laplace Principle. First Example: Sanov's Theorem. Second Example: Mogulskii's Theorem. Representation Formulas for Other Stochastic Processes. Compactness and Limit Properties for the Random Walk Model. Laplace Principle for the Random Walk Model with Continuous Statistics. Laplace Principle for the Random Walk Model with Discontinuous Statistics. Laplace Principle for the Empirical Measures of a Markov Chain. Extensions of the Laplace Principle for the Empirical Measures of a Markov Chain. Laplace Principle for Continuous-Time Markov Processes with Continuous Statistics. Appendices. Bibliography. Indexes.
A Generic Image Processing Pipeline for Enhancing Accuracy and Robustness of Visual Odometry

The accuracy of pose estimation from feature-based Visual Odometry (VO) algorithms is affected by several factors such as lighting conditions and outliers in the matched features. In this paper, a generic image processing pipeline is proposed to enhance the accuracy and robustness of feature-based VO algorithms. The pipeline consists of three stages, each addressing a problem that affects the performance of VO algorithms. The first stage tackles the lighting condition problem, where a filter called Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) is applied to the images to overcome changes in lighting in the environment. The second stage uses the Suppression via Square Covering (SSC) algorithm to ensure the features are distributed properly over the images. The last stage proposes a novel outliers rejection approach called the Angle-based Outlier Rejection (AOR) algorithm to remove the outliers generated in the feature matching process. The proposed pipeline is generic and modular and can be integrated with any type of feature-based VO (monocular, RGB-D, or stereo). The efficiency of the proposed pipeline is validated using sequences from KITTI (for stereo VO) and TUM (for RGB-D VO) datasets, as well as experimental sequences using an omnidirectional mobile robot (for monocular VO). The obtained results showed the performance gained by enhancing the accuracy and robustness of the VO algorithms without compromising on the computational cost using the proposed pipeline. The results are substantially better as opposed to not using the pipeline.
The Spherical Multipole Expansion of a Triangle

We describe a technique to analytically compute the multipole moments of a charge distribution confined to a planar triangle, which may be useful in solving the Laplace equation using the fast multipole boundary element method (FMBEM) and for charged particle tracking. This algorithm proceeds by performing the necessary integration recursively within a specific coordinate system, and then transforming the moments into the global coordinate system through the application of rotation and translation operators. This method has been implemented and found use in conjunction with a simple piecewise constant collocation scheme, but is generalizable to non-uniform charge densities. When applied to low aspect ratio ($\leq 100$) triangles and expansions with degree up to 32, it is accurate and efficient compared to simple two-dimensional Gauss-Legendre quadrature.
Effect of Inter-Row Peanut Growing in the Vineyard on the Quality of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Grape Fruits and Wines in Northwest China

In order to solve the problem of premature grape ripening due to global warming, inter-row peanut growing in viticulture was applied. In this two-year (2018–2019) study, the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was used to cover the ground between rows in the vineyards located in the semi-arid Northwest China, Xinjiang. The results showed that reflected solar radiation and temperature around the fruit zone with the peanuts growing were decreased. Compared with clean tillage, the grapes with covering peanuts had lower total soluble solids (TSS) and higher titratable acidity (TA) in the berries. Lower alcohol content and higher total acid (TA) was also found in their corresponding wines. Inter-row peanut growing treatment significantly decreased the contents of flavonols in the grapes and their wines in the two consecutive years, but no significant effect on flavanols was observed in the resulting wines. Norisoprenoids and esters in the grapes and the wines were increased with the peanut growing treatment, respectively. Additionally, compared to clean tillage, the peanut covering significantly improved the sensory value of the wines, especially the aroma complexity of the wines. This study helps us to better understand the feasibility of applying inter-row peanut growing in the viticulture of ground management in the semi-arid climate of Northwest China.
Studying Different Operating Conditions on Reverse Osmosis Performance in the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Nickel (II) Ions

The reverse osmosis performance in removing nickel ions from artificial wastewater was experimentally and mathematically assessed. The impact of temperature, pressure, feed concentration, and feed flow rate on the permeate flux and Ni (II) rejection % were studied. Experiments were conducted using a SEPA CF042 Membrane Test Skid—TFC BW30XFR with applied pressures of 10, 20, 30, and 40 bar and feed concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 150 ppm with varying operating temperatures of 25, 35, and 45 °C, while the feed flow rate was changed between 2, 3.2, and 4.4 L/min. The permeate flux and the Ni (II) removal % were directly proportional to the feed temperature and operating pressure, but inversely proportional to the feed concentration, where the permeate flux increased by 49% when the temperature was raised from 25 to 45 °C, while the Ni (II) removal % slightly increased by 4%. In addition, the permeate flux increased by 188% and the Ni (II) removal % increased to 95.19% when the pressure was raised from 10 to 40 bar. The feed flow rate, on the other hand, had a negligible influence on the permeate flux and Ni (II) removal %. The temperature correction factor (TCF) was determined to be directly proportional to the feed temperature, but inversely proportional to the operating pressure; nevertheless, the TCF was unaffected either by the feed flow rate or the feed concentration. Based on the experimental data, mathematical models were generated for both the permeate flux and nickel removal %. The results showed that both models matched the experimental data well.
Assessment of Proliferation and Apoptosis in Testes of Rats after Experimental Localized Electron Irradiation

Background and purpose: With the emergence of linear accelerators in radiotherapy, it becomes necessary to accurately select new dosing regimens. The purpose of this study was to assess the morphological changes of spermatogenesis after radiation exposure. Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were subjected to targeted ionizing radiation on a pulsed electron accelerator “NOVAC-11” with doses of 2, 8 and 12 Gy. Spermatogenesis was assessed a week later using light microscopy and immunohistochemical method (antibodies to Ki-67, Bcl-2, p53, Caspase 3). Results: A decrease in the number of normal germ cells was seen in all experimental groups, while radioresistant Sertoli and Leydig cells were barely affected. The most serious damage to the tubules and germ cells was observed in 8 and 12 Gy irradiation groups. IHC analysis of testes after irradiation showed a shift in the proliferative-apoptotic balance toward apoptosis of germ cells: a decrease in the expression levels of Ki-67 and Bcl-2, an increase in p53-positive and caspase 3-positive cells by the end of the experiment. Conclusion: Dose-dependent progressive pathomorphological changes in histoarchitectonics of the testes are traced, and a decrease in the number of germ cells is seen on the seventh day after irradiation with a pulsed electron accelerator “NOVAC-11”.
Dynamical fate of wide binaries in the solar neighborhood

An analytical model is presented for the evolution of wide binaries in the Galaxy. The study is pertinent to the postulated solar companion, Nemesis, which may disturb the Oort cloud and cause catastrophic comet showers to strike the earth every 26 Myr. Distant gravitational encounters are modeled by Fokker-Planck coefficients for advection and diffusion of the orbital binding energy. It is shown that encounters with passing stars cause a diffusive evolution of the binding energy and semimajor axis. Encounters with subclumps in giant molecular clouds disrupt orbits to a degree dependent on the cumulative number of stellar encounters. The time scales of the vents and the limitations of scaling laws used are discussed. Results are provided from calculations of galactic distribution of wide binaries and the evolution of wide binary orbits. 38 references.
Differential cross section of electron scattering from molecular hydrogen. II: b3Σu+ excitation

Differential cross section(DCS) for the electron-impact H 2 (b 3 Σ u + ) excitation has been measured in the incident energy range from 12 to 60 eV and in the angular range from 10° to 130°. The electron transmission efficiency of the energy analyzer was calibrated using the secondary electron emission cross sections from N 2 molecule. The inelastic DCS is normalized to the absolute H 2 elastic DCS. Integral cross section is derived from the measured DCS. Measured DCS is compared with other experimental and theoretical results.
Socio-psychological factors affecting professional burnout among social workers (based on the experiences of students and professionals)

The aim of the article is to establish the level of professional burnout and assess it in the context of social-professional characteristics of social workers in Russia. The quantitative characteristics of the studied problem are examined using the survey method in the form of formalized questionnaires and testing. The authors proceed from the notion that the profession of a social worker, which presupposes direct contact with people in difficult life situations, is clearly one of the jobs that are the most conducive to the development of professional burnout syndrome and is viewed by society as such. Low pay grade combined with severe emotional load serve as factors contributing to the professional disorganization of a worker. It is found that in the specific conditions of Russia, the general characteristics of social workers assume not only a desire to continue professional activity within the chosen specialty but also a relatively low percentage of people, in whom a high degree of professional burnout can be found.
Frequency of Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus in Late 3rd Trimester and Its Association with Maternal Outcome

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood and tissue glucose levels due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency. In addition to a number of systemic complications, diabetes in pregnant women is associated with poor perinatal outcome. A recent study claimed that not merely the presence of diabetes but also poor glycemic control during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal outcome. However, the available evidence was limited while there was no such local published material which necessitated the present study. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in late 3rd trimester among diabetic pregnant women presenting at a teaching hospital in Punjab and to compare the maternal outcome among pregnant women with controlled versus uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. STUDY DESIGN: It was a descriptive case series. SETTING: Research was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. DURATION: Duration of study was 6 months after the approval of synopsis from 01/08/2017 to 31/12/2017 (4 months) and 01/04/2018 to 31/05/2018 (2 months). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study involved 217 diabetic pregnant women aged between 18-35 years presenting after 34 weeks of gestation. HbA1c levels were acquired and those with ? 6% HbA1c levels were labeled to have uncontrolled diabetes. Frequency of polyhydramnios, cesarean delivery and postpartum hemorrhage was noted and compared between women with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes. A written informed consent was obtained from every patient. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 30.1±3.9 years while the mean gestational age was 39.6±1.6 weeks. Majority (n=190, 87.6%) of the patients were aged between 26-35 years followed by 27 (12.4%) patients aged between 18-25 years. There were 75 (34.6%) primiparas and 142 (65.4%) multiparas. 36 (16.6%) patients had pre-pregnancy diabetes while 181 (83.4%) patients had gestational diabetes. 74 (34.1%) patients were taking oral hypoglycemic while 143 (65.9%) patients were on insulin. HbA1c levels ranged from 5.5% to 7.7% with a mean of 6.5±0.66%. Taking a cut-off value of ? 6.0%, 146 (67.3%) patients had uncontrolled diabetes. 46 (21.2%) patients had polyhydramnios, 146 (67.3%) patients required cesarean delivery and 31 (14.3%) patients acquired post-partum hemorrhage. The frequency of polyhydramnios (27.4% vs. 8.5%; p-value=0.001), cesarean delivery (84.9% vs. 31.0%; p-value<0.001) and postpartum hemorrhage (21.2% vs. 0.0%; p-value<0.001) was significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of diabetic women in late 3rd trimester had poor glycemic control and had significantly higher frequency of polyhydramnios, cesarean delivery and postpartum hemorrhage than women with good glycemic control which advocates routine monitoring and strict glycemic control in diabetic pregnant women to improve the maternal outcome in future practice.
Scale Coarseness as a Methodological Artifact

Scale coarseness is a pervasive yet ignored methodological artifact that attenuates observed correlation coefficients in relation to population coefficients. The authors describe how to disattenuate correlations that are biased by scale coarseness in primary-level as well as meta-analytic studies and derive the sampling error variance for the corrected correlation. Results of two Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the correction procedure is accurate and show the extent to which coarseness biases the correlation coefficient under various conditions (i.e., value of the population correlation, number of item scale points, and number of scale items). The authors also offer a Web-based computer program that disattenuates correlations at the primary-study level and computes the sampling error variance as well as confidence intervals for the corrected correlation. Using this program, which implements the correction in primary-level studies, and incorporating the suggested correction in meta-analytic reviews will lead to more accurate estimates of construct-level correlation coefficients.