Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy budgets of wintering Barnacle Geese: the effects of declining food resources

This paper documents the daily activities and feeding rates of Barnacle Geese Branta leucopsis through the autumn and winter in relation to changes in biomass of their food supply. Energy intake and expenditure were estimated and energy surplus or deficit for each month calculated. A net surplus was achieved in the months of October (+ 235 kJ d-1) and November (+ 247 kJ d-1) when most food was available. Geese suffered a net deficit in December (225 kJ d-1) and January (113 kJ d-1) when biomass and food quality were lowest. In February, when grass began to grow again, the birds achieved a surplus once again (+ 167 kJ d-'). Body mass changes through the winter were modelled using observed intake rates and estimated energy expenditure. Body mass predictions were consistent with observed mass and body condition changes. It is argued that mass loss in midwinter in this species is enforced by the limited feeding opportunity and declining food supply rather than an adaptive response to reduce predation risk. Geese gain substantial body reserves in autumn prior to this predictable mass loss. As soon as daylength and food biomass allow, lost reserves are replaced and mass increases rapidly in preparation for migration and breeding.
Studying The Settlement of Backfill Sandy Soil Behind Retaining Wall Under Dynamic Loads

لعقود عديدة, تمت دراسة التحليل الزلزالي للجدران المحتجزة من خلال عدد من الطرق المعتمدة على التمديد البسيط لتحليل الحد من توازن كولوم. لا يمكن لهذه الطرق تقدير نزوح تربة الردم المدعومة من الجدار. تم اجراء اختبار تجريبي لدراسة التسوية الرأسية على التربة الرملية تحت ااحمال الديناميكية ذات سعات الحمل المختلفة , وترددات الاهتزاز, والكثافة النسبية للرمال والمسافات المختلفة بين الاساس والجدار . قدم النموذج المستخدمة في هذه الدراسة هو مربع. يتم اجراء اختبار الحمل الديناميكي على تربة متماسكة بثلاثة سعات تحميل )(0.25 طن, 0.5 طن, 1طن) وثلاثة ترددات اهتزازية (0.5 هرتز,1 هرتز,2 هرتز) وكثافتان نسبيتان (رمل حر بنسبة 30%و 70% رمال كثيفة ) وثلاث مسافات مختلفة بين الاساس والاحتفاظ بالجدار. وقد لوحظ ان التسوية تتزايد مع سعة الحمل وتنخفض بزيادة المسافة بين الاساس والجدار . وهناك تأثير ضئيل للتردد على التسوية التراكمية . انخفضت التسوية عن طريق زيادة الكثافة النسبية.
Vitamin D regulation of adipogenesis and adipose tissue functions

Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with obesity and its related metabolic diseases. Adipose tissues store and metabolize vitamin D and expression levels of vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are known to be altered in obesity. Sequestration of vitamin D in large amount of adipose tissues and low vitamin D metabolism may contribute to the vitamin D inadequacy in obesity. Vitamin D receptor is expressed in adipose tissues and vitamin D regulates multiple aspects of adipose biology including adipogenesis as well as metabolic and endocrine function of adipose tissues that can contribute to the high risk of metabolic diseases in vitamin D insufficiency. We will review current understanding of vitamin D regulation of adipose biology focusing on vitamin D modulation of adiposity and adipose tissue functions as well as the molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D regulates adipose biology. The effects of supplementation or maintenance of vitamin D on obesity and metabolic diseases are also discussed.
The Effect of Sleep Distraction by Ground Travel in different longitude and Latitude on serum Cortisol and Testosterone and behavior manner in youth soccer Players

The goal of research is determining the effect of sleep distraction due to ground travel on serum Cortisol and Testosterone and behavior manner of youth soccer Players. In this regard 15 youth soccer players with age average 18.1± 40.24 and height 167.6±66.22 cm and weight 66.7±26.28 kg after two days travel during three weeks in different Iran longitude and latitude and then created distraction in sleep due to Gorgan to Tehran travel and from Gorgan to Khorramabad at night were comparison in Gorgan. Results of variance analysis with repated measuring in soccer players shown significant decrease of Testosterone from Gorgan to Tehran (P=0.000) but increase from Gorgan to Khoramabad. From other hand, distraction in ground travel sleep caused for significant increase of Cortisol in tested persons after travel from Gorgan to Tehran(P=0.003) but we have no significant increase in Cortisol after Gorgan to Khoramabad travel (P=1.000) and T/C relation show with significant decrease from Gorgan to Terhan (P=0.000), but without significant increase of T/C of soccer players from Gorgan to Khoramabad(P=0.805). Total grades of manner and behavior between Gorgan and Tehran as are not significant due to statistic (P=1, have significant increase and have distraction between players after travel from Tehran to Khoramabad(P=0.031). Results shown that ground travel and its distracted disorder may cause to Endocrine system and have considerable effect on manner and behavior response as a function of duration of travel.
LCHA-SMOTE Machine Learning Approach on Data Imbalance for wireless Sensor Network

- Machine learning is used to teach machines how to handle the data more efficiently. Sometimes after viewing the data, we cannot interpret the pattern or extract information from the data. In that case, we apply machine learning with the abundance of datasets available. The purpose of machine learning is to learn from the data. Many studies have been done on how to make machines learn by themselves. Data imbalance problem become greatest issue in for machine learning algorithm. Imbalance problem occur where one of the two classes having more sample than other classes. The most of algorithm are more focusing on classification of major sample while ignoring or misclassifying minority sample. The most of algorithm are more focusing on classification of major sample while ignoring or misclassifying minority sample. The minority samples are those that rarely occur but very important. There are different methods available for classification of imbalance data set which is divided into three main categories, the algorithmic approach, data-pre-processing approach and feature selection approach. We will apply on wireless imbalance data to identify correct information. In this research work systematic study for define which gives the right direction for research in class imbalance problem. After apply our Low Cost High Accurate Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique for imbalance to balance data and a random forest algorithm a classification approach for balanced data we achieved a good accuracy rate percentage.
Fish community in the chronically polluted middle Elbe River

Abstract. The evaluation of resident fish communities is an important component of the ecological status assessment in aquatic habitats. Despite significant water quality improvement in the Czech Republic in the last decade, several important pollution sources in the Elbe River basin remain. The aim of the study was to evaluate fish community in a chronically polluted part of the channelized lowland Elbe River and its potential indicative capability. The effluent from both industrial and municipal sewage treatment plant exhibited low pH, high conductivity and wide set of organic compounds (PAH, PCB, DDT etc.). Ecological characteristics of fish communities were obtained by boat electro fishing at selected sites in four inter-weir sections in July 2005 and 2006. Relatively high fish species richness (24 species) was observed in both seasons. Generalists (bleak, roach, chub) form the majority of the fish community in all four sections. There was no significant difference in fish species richness or density among study sections (river segments between weirs) even with a high level of measured organic compounds at the pollution inlet. Significant differences in fish species richness and density were registered among individual sites within study sections. Sites downstream the weirs had significantly higher species richness and density than the other two sites in the middle and upstream weirs. Fish community does not display any indicative remarks concerning water pollution, or in the case of mid-size river, sampling strategy was not efficient to recognize it. Channelization and regulation of the study stretch of the Elbe River seems to be the most important determinant of fish community structure.
Effect of density, protein and amla fruit powder (Emblica officinalis) on broiler performance and litter parameters

Four hundred eighty day old mediocre broiler chicks were reared in D1 (500 cm/bird), D2 (700 cm/bird) and D3 (900 cm/bird) densities. Two protein levels i.e. P1 (21% cp), P2 (23% cp) with isocaloric energy (2800 3000 Kcal ME/kg) was utilized to prepare rations. Each ration was supplemented with amla fruit powder (AFP) at A1 level (1 kg 100 kg ration) and A0 level (without AFP). Experiment was conducted in factorial design. Broiler in D3 P2 A1 treatment attained higher body weight with significantly superior feed efficiency than all other treatments. Irrespective of protein and AFP, D1 density broilers has poor performance respect to all traits measured. Similarly main effect showed that D1 density broilers has inferior body wt. FE, carcass yield and high percentage of moisture and nitrogen in litter with increase incidences of foot pad lesions. P2 protein has significantly higher body wt. and FE whereas A1 AFP revealed significantly improved FE. Effect of protein and AFP on % litter moisture, nitrogen, foot pad lesions and carcass yield was non significant.
Selection Efficiency and Environmental Sensitivity for Agronomic Traits in A Bread Wheat Population under Normal and Late Sowing Dates Conditions کفاءة الإنتخاب والحساسیة للبیئة للصفات المحصولیة فی عشیرة من قمح الخبز تحت ظروف میعادی الزراعة العادی والمتأخر

The present study was carried out during seasons, i.e. 2017/18 to 2019/20 at Shandaweel Agric. Res. Stat., Sohag Governorate, Egypt. Two cycles of pedigree selection for grain yield plant-1 and number of spikes plant-1 from F2 to F4 generations were practiced under normal and late sowing dates. The genotypic variance was slightly less than the phenotypic variance under both environments and generally decreased from (F2) to F4 generation. After two cycles of pedigree selection, broad sense heritability estimates were 90.27% and 73.83% for grain yield plant-1 and 88.21% and 82.47% for no. of spikes plant-1 under normal and late sowing dates, respectively. Evaluation of the selected families for high grain yield plant-1 under normal sowing date showed significant differences 18.33% and 9.31% when selection was practiced under normal sowing date, and 20.60% and 11.83% when selection was under late sowing date from the bulk sample and the better parent, respectively. The average observed gains of the selected families for high no. of pikes plant-1 under normal sowing date and evaluated under both conditions were 13.53% and 17.74% from the bulk sample and 9.67% and 11.51% from the better parent under normal and late sowing dates, respectively. While when selection was under late sowing date were 12.68% and 17.80% from the bulk sample and 8.78% and 11.57% from the better parent under normal and late sowing dates, respectively. The antagonistic and the synergistic selection nearly have the same effect on the sensitivity to heat stress under the two selection criteria.
The knowledge of local people on human-wildlife conflict and their attitudes towards problematic wildlife around Wof-Washa Forests, North Shewa Administrative Zone, Ethiopia

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) around wildlife areas is a common phenomenon, but rarely studied in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of local people on HWC and their attitudes towards problematic wildlife around Wof-Washa Forests (WoWF), Ethiopia. The study utilized a structured questionnaire comprising closed-ended questions which were administered to a total of 162 respondents. The respondents were randomly selected through a lottery system based on their house identification numbers. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze and interpret the data. The results revealed that HWC arising from crop damage and livestock predation was prevalent around WoWF. The common crop raiding wild animals were vervet monkey, warthog, anubis baboon, and gelada while common jackal and spotted hyena were major predators responsible for livestock predation. The respondents reported that guarding, chasing, and planting scarecrows were the main traditional measures used to manage HWC. More than three-fourth of the respondents (about 79%) held negative attitudes towards crop raiders and livestock predators. The multiple linear regression model predicted that several socioeconomic variables had significant effects on the attitudes of the respondents towards problematic wildlife (49% variance explained). Introducing community-based ecotourism initiative is recommended to mitigate the existing HWC around WoWF. Moreover, promoting the direct participation of local residents in decision-making and implementation is crucial towards the conservation and management of wildlife resources in the study site. Keywords: crop damage; human-wildlife conflict; livestock predation; wildlife conservation and management; Wof-Washa Forests
The evolution of larval competition and oviposition behaviour in the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

The evolution of larval com petition and oviposition strategies in the cowpea weevil Callosohruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Lorraine Broadhurst, Department of Zoology, University of Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH, UK Callosohruchus maculatus (Fab.) is a beetle belonging to the family bruchidae. The beetle is a serious economic pest of stored legumes in the tropics and subtropics. C.maculatus has been chosen for this study because it shows contrasting larval competition and oviposition strategies. Competition has been described in terms of the Avoid-Attack dichotomy (Smith and Lessells 1985). Research has been carried out to determine the M endelian inheritance of larval com petition and oviposition in the black Brazil and Yemen strains of Callosohruchus maculatus. The initial results were inconclusive because there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the pattern of emergence between the Yemen and Brazil stains. Therefore, the experiments were repeated using the South India and Brazil strains. The results of the Fi generation were similar to results obtained by other workers (Messina 1991 and Toquenaga et al 1994), but the results of the F2 generation resembled the expected results for a single gene m odel in which Avoid behaviour was dom inant, though the results were not clear cut. It was desirable to determ ine the inheritance of com petition and oviposition to determine if evolution was acting on autosomal loci or a suite of genes. The cost of exploitation com petition (E) was also estim ated, using a m ethod described by Colegrave (1995). The cost of passive exploitation has been described by Smith and Lessells (1985) and Smith (1990) and is a major determ inant of the evolution of com petition strategies in Callosohruchus maculatus. The Yemen, Brazil and South India strains w ere used in these experiments and experiments were conducted on three seed types. E<0.5 for all stains on the cowpea and adzuki beans bu t for the South India strain on m ung E>0.5 and this may explain w hy Attack behaviour exists in the South India strain Finally the theoretical prediction of Smith and Lessells (1985), that competition evolves under frequency dependent selection, was tested by ratio experiments. These experim ents dem onstrated that selection w as dependent upon the initial frequencies of the phenotypes in the population because populations that had an initial frequency of 30% Brazil or greater appeared to moving tow ards fixation of Avoid.
A Critical Review of the Association between Nutrition and Health in Modern Chinese Diet

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), obesity, diabetes, cancers and other chronic diseases are becoming main contributors to the global burden of disease, even as nutritional deficiencies are receding as leading contributors to mortality and disability. Diet is closely related to nutrition and health, which has been extensively investigated as risk factors for major chronic diseases. The past two decades have witnessed rapid changes in dietary pattern in China. However, a critical thinking of Chinese diet behind these changes is less emphasized. Given the causal relationship between nutrition and disease, lack of adequate nutrition and unhealthy diet habits might be responsible for the high incidence of chronic diseases in China in recent years. To this end, we will critically review some open problems in current diet compositions and the importance of regular mealtimes. The intake level of dietary supplements in China will also be discussed.
Resource Use Efficiency among Maize Farmers in Lere Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to analyzed the resource-use efficiency of maize production in Lere local government area of Kaduna state. Data were collected from a sample of 100 maize farmers selected through multi-stage sampling procedure using questionnaire and data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics, production function and marginal value productivity analysis. The result showed that 82% were in their working age of between 21-50 years, majority of the farmers 53% were married, 91% had formal education, in terms of farming experience, majority (68%) of the respondent had farming experience that is above one year. The linear function gave the best fit with R 2 of 70.2%. Production inputs such as fertilizer and agrochemicals significantly influence maize output in the study area. Maize production in the study area has an increasing return to scale from the sum of elasticity of production (20.439). Land, labour, fertilizer, seed and agrochemicals were underutilized in maize production. Profit could be enhanced by Original Research Article Aasa et al.; AJARR, 14(1): 1-9, 2020; Article no.AJARR. 61140 2 increasing the quantity used of land, labour, fertilizer, seed and agrochemicals inputs, as well as their timely supply. It is also recommended that financial support in term of accessibility to credit facilities at low interest rate be given to farmers to allow them increase output and total revenue.
EFFECT OF GRAFTING AND DIFFERENT EC LEVELS OF SALINE IRRIGATION WATER ON GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM) IN GREENHOUSE

Tomato is one of the most important Solaneaceae’s species worldwide. While, irrigation water salinity restricts the commercial production of tomato in arid and semi-arid zones. Therefore, grafting is one of the innovative techniques that can be used to overcome the problem of salinity of soil or water. This work was undertaken to study the efficiency of salt tolerant rootstocks to improve grafted tomato against saline irrigation water and investigate their impacts on fruit yield and quality. Therefore, factorial greenhouse experiment was arranged in two growing seasons with three replicates in sand soil. The commercial tomato cultivar “Galila” was grafted on Edkawi and Maxifort rootstocks, while non-grafted plants were used as control. Drip irrigation nutrient solution with two electrical conductivity (EC) levels (2 and 4 dS.m-1) was used to irrigate all the grafted and non-grafted tomato plants. Results show that decreasing EC level of the applied nutrient solution from 4 to 2 dS.m-1 significantly increased vegetative growth of non-grafted plants. The maximum total yield was obtained with grafted plants on Edkawi and Maxifort rootstocks at EC level of 2 dS.m-1 followed by 4 dS.m-1 compared to non-grafted plants. Further more, significant increases in Na+ and proline in tomato leaves as well as a significant improvement in vitamin C and  carotene in fruits of nongrafted plants were noticed with 4 dS.m-1 compare to 2 dS.m-1. On contrast, grafting improved the dry biomasses and yield component with both EC levels, plus increasing the accumulation of potassium and K+/Na+ ratio in leaves at 4 dS.m-1 than non-grafted plants. Our data indicate that Maxifort and Edkawi are appropriate rootstocks that can be used for reducing the adverse effects of saline water irrigation. Key word: Fruit quality, Lycopersicon esculentum, Salinity, Yield
SWIETENIA MAHAGONI SEEDS ATTENUATE HYPERGLYCEMIA AND PROTECT LIVER IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

The present study was designed to investigate the chemical composition of Swietenia mahagoni seeds , identification of phenolic compounds in acetone extract in mahagoni seeds, studying the fatty acids composition, and evaluation of mahagoni extracts and oil on the glucose level of diabetes rats. The chemical composition of seeds were moisture (3.6 %), crude fiber (14 %), ash (3%), crude protein (13 %), crude fat (7.4 %) and total carbohydrate (62.6 %). The fatty acids composition were lignoceric acid (C24) 38.23% followed by stearic acid (C18) 35.69%, meanwhile the unsaturated fatty acid was linoleic acid (C18:2), which accounted for ( 26.08 %). The phenolic compound in acetone extract showed that menthol and nerolidol are the major phenolic ( 12.32 and 10.06 % respectively ). Ttreatment with Swietenia mahagoni seed extracts and oil decreased significantly glucose level , also decreased significantly GOT , GPT , ALP , urea , creatinine and malondialdehyde level as compared with hyperglycemic group .
Family Supportive Supervisor Behavior as a Moderator of the Relationship between Work Family Conflict and Organizational Commitment for Egyptian Flight Attendants

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of work-family conflict for flight attendants on their organizational commitment by considering family supportive supervisor behavior as a moderator. Flight attendants expose to a severe work environment that affects their personal lives and their organizational commitment. This research hypothesizes that the perceived family supportive supervisor behavior moderates the relationship between work-family conflict and organizational commitment. A selfadministered questionnaire was designed to collect empirical data from flight attendants. In order to measure the main constructs of the study: Work-family conflict scale, organizational commitment scale and family supportive supervisor behavior were employed. A total of 208 respondents were selected for the study. Relevant statistical analytical techniques including regression for analysis was then used. The results indicated that there is a negative relationship between the work-family conflict and organizational commitment. Moreover, there is an effect for family supportive supervisor behavior on the relationship of work-family conflict regarding organizational commitment. Finally, the study discusses managerial implications and proposes suggestions for future studies.
An Energy Budget for a Tidal-Flat Population of the Bivalve Scrobicularia plana (Da Costa)

Ecological energetics can be a useful approach with which to assess the importance of different species populations in their contribution to the structure, productivity and functioning of communities (Macfadyen 1963; Odum 1963; Slobodkin 1962). Theoretical considerations of ecological energetics have been treated fully by Lindemann (1942), Phillipson (1966), Odum (1963) and Slobodkin (1962); however, the paucity of field data emphasizes the need for more research (Engelmann 1966). Following I.B. P. terminology (Petrusewicz 1967; Ricker 1968), the energy budget of a population may be summarized by the equation: