Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review on Theoretical Delay Estimation Model for Signalized Intersections

ABSTRACT Traffic delay is an effective index for estimating the performance of a signalized intersection. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of the theoretical delay estimation model over the last ca. 90 years. For fixed-time signalized intersections, we classified the estimation development process into three stages. Stage 1 covered 1920s–1970s, when approaches based on steady-state theory were derived. These methods obtain accurate predictions with low degrees of saturation, but overestimate the delay with higher saturation and cannot provide reasonable results for oversaturated conditions. To accommodate high saturation, time-dependent models were proposed and improved in Stage 2, 1970s–2000s, using coordination transformation techniques. Progression factors to account for the filtering impact from upstream intersections were also introduced during this period. Due to inaccurate approximation of certain specific traffic conditions, some modified approaches and supplementary terms were derived from 2000 onwards (Stage 3), which facilitate the evolution of the delay estimation method and improved approximation results. Some new techniques, including artificial intelligence algorithms, were also introduced into delay estimation in this era. We also describe theoretical delay measurement methods for actuated control intersections with a similar time line. From our summary of the evolution of theoretical delay models, we highlight some deficiencies and future research directions.
EM Scattering from PEC Plane Moving at Extremely High Speed: Simulation in One Dimension

In this paper the one-dimensional numerical results of the simulation on the reflection of electromagnetic fields from perfect conductor traveling at extremely high velocity were presented. Maxwell’s equations were numerically solved through the application of the method of characteristics (MOC) where the perfect conductor was set to travel as fast as 90 percent of the light speed either approaching or receding from the incident electromagnetic fields. In order to accurately predict the behavior of electromagnetic fields interacting with moving object, the relativistic boundary conditions were used in MOC in conjunction with the characteristic variable boundary conditions. Both time-and frequency-domain results were demonstrated. The validation of the numerical accuracy is carried out by comparing the computational results with the theoretical Doppler values.
Oxidative Stress Response and E. coli Biofilm Formation under the Effect of Pristine and Modified Carbon Nanotubes

The article investigates the expression of oxyR and soxS oxidative stress genes in E. coli under the effect of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), MWCNTs and SWCNTs functionalized with carboxyl groups (MWCNTs-COOH and SWCNTs-COOH, respectively), SWCNTs functionalized with amino groups (SWCNTs-NH2) and SWCNTs functionalized with octadecylamine (SWCNTs-ODA). Significant differences were found in the expression of the soxS gene, while no changes were observed in the expression level of the oxyR gene. The pro-oxidant effect of SWCNTs, SWCNTs-COOH, SWCNTs-NH2, and SWCNTs-ODA is presented, and the contrary antioxidant effect of pristine MWCNTs and MWCNTs-COOH in the presence of methyl viologen hydrate (paraquat) is shown. The article shows that SWCNTs-COOH, SWCNTs-NH2, and SWCNTs-ODA added to the medium generate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cells. SWCNTs-COOH intensified the E. coli biofilm formation, and the biofilm biomass exceeded the control by 25 times. Additionally, it is shown that the rpoS expression increased in response to MWCNTs-COOH and SWCNTs-COOH, and the effect of SWCNTs-COOH was more significant. SWCNTs-COOH and SWCNTs-NH2 initiated an increase in ATP concentration in the planktonic cells and a decrease in the biofilm cells. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) method showed that the volume of E. coli planktonic cells after the exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) decreased compared to that without exposure, mainly due to a decrease in cell height. The absence of a strong damaging effect of functionalized SWCNTs on E. coli K12 cells, both in suspension and in biofilms, is shown. Contact with functionalized SWCNTs initiated the aggregation of the polymeric substances of the biofilms; however, the cells did not lyse. Among the studied CNTs, SWCNTs-COOH caused an increased expression of the soxS and rpoS, the formation of ROS, and stimulation of the biofilm formation.
Financial shock and the United States multinational and domestic corporations leverage

Abstract Puzzling findings from prior studies demonstrated that US multinational corporations (MNCs) capital structure include significantly lower leverage than their domestic counterparts. This study utilized the period of the 2008- Global Financial Crisis (GFC) to compare the leverage ratios between MNCs and Domestic Corporations (DCs) to provide a new approach to testing whether the lower expected bankruptcy cost of MNCS enables them to use more leverage than their domestic counterparts. The data used includes Compustat non-financial firms over the years 2002–2019 and the empirical method applied is the panel data fixed effects regression. Consistent with prior studies, the results show that MNCs capital structure includes lower leverage levels in comparison to their domestic counterparts before and post the GFC period. However, in the 2008 financial shock event, this study explores that MNCs have significantly higher market and book leverage than purely domestic firms. This higher leverage of MNCs is attributed to their lower expected bankruptcy arising from their international diversification of operations and their advantage in accessing external financial markets. Prior research justified MNCs’ lower leverage ratios to higher agency costs. Nevertheless, the current study confirms that the trade-off theory’s bankruptcy cost is still empirically relevant. The findings are robust after employing alternative robustness checks. At best, this is the first study that compares the capital structure of MNCs and DCs during times of financial shock and credit constraint.
Magnetic Nanoparticles Mediated Thrombolysis–A Review

Nanoparticles containing thrombolytic medicines have been developed for thrombolysis applications in response to the increasing demand for effective, targeted treatment of thrombosis disease. In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in nanoparticles that can be navigated and driven by a magnetic field. However, there are few review publications concerning the application of magnetic nanoparticles in thrombolysis. In this study, we examine the current state of magnetic nanoparticles in the application of in vitro and in vivo thrombolysis under a static or dynamic magnetic field, as well as the combination of magnetic nanoparticles with an acoustic field for dual-mode thrombolysis. We also discuss four primary processes of magnetic nanoparticles mediated thrombolysis, including magnetic nanoparticle targeting, magnetic nanoparticle trapping, magnetic drug release, and magnetic rupture of blood clot fibrin networks. This review will offer unique insights for the future study and clinical development of magnetic nanoparticles mediated thrombolysis approaches.
Effect of integrated phosphorus management on growth, yield and quality of lentil (Lens culinaris)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the effect of integrated phosphorus management on growth, yield and quality of lentil. The trial was laid out in split plot design assigning 8 treatments of three phosphorus levels (0, 40 and 80 Kg ha-1), three mode of PSB application (soil application, seed inoculation including control) and sulphur application of 20 Kg ha-1 with control. The crop was fertilized up to 80 Kg ha-1 of phosphorus application enhanced more growth, yield attributes, seed yield and protein yield than the 40 Kg ha-1 and control, however the initial plant population per running meter was remain non-significant during both the years. The PSB applied by seed inoculation and 20 Kg ha-1 sulphur application were showed similar effects. The economic value also calculated to judge best combination and found that the 80 Kg ha-1 phosphorus application, seed inoculation with PSB and 20 Kg ha-1 sulphur application received more net income (ha-1) and benefit cost ratio also.
CCD photometry of distant active comets 228P/LINEAR, C/2006 S3 (LONEOS) and 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

We presentphotometric investigations of three distant active comets, 228P/LINEAR, C/2006 S3 Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search (LONEOS) and 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1. The data were obtained with the 1-m optical telescope at Lulin Observatory in Taiwan on 2011 February 5 and 6. These comets were observed at heliocentric distances larger than 3 au, all of them appeared to be active. By cometary morphological and photometric studies, the upper limits of the nuclei radii were derived. Also, the surface brightness profiles, Af rho parameters, mass production rates and the coma colours were measured. Finally, we discussed possible driver of activity in comets.
Oromotor Nonverbal Performance and Speech Motor Control: Theory and Review of Empirical Evidence

This position paper offers a perspective on the long-standing debate concerning the role of oromotor, nonverbal gestures in understanding typical and disordered speech motor control secondary to neurological disease. Oromotor nonverbal tasks are employed routinely in clinical and research settings, but a coherent rationale for their use is needed. The use of oromotor nonverbal performance to diagnose disease or dysarthria type, versus specific aspects of speech production deficits that contribute to loss of speech intelligibility, is argued to be an important part of the debate. Framing these issues are two models of speech motor control, the Integrative Model (IM) and Task-Dependent Model (TDM), which yield contrasting predictions of the relationship between oromotor nonverbal performance and speech motor control. Theoretical and empirical literature on task specificity in limb, hand, and eye motor control is reviewed to demonstrate its relevance to speech motor control. The IM rejects task specificity in speech motor control, whereas the TDM is defined by it. The theoretical claim of the IM proponents that the TDM requires a special, dedicated neural mechanism for speech production is rejected. Based on theoretical and empirical information, the utility of oromotor nonverbal tasks as a window into speech motor control is questionable.
Updated Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer in Asia: Decreased Incidence but Still a Big Challenge

Simple Summary Gastric cancer (GC) is regarded as one of the most perilous malignancies globally, with over one billion new cases and seven hundred and eighty-three thousand deaths reported in 2020. The incidence of GC is particularly high in Asian countries. Moreover, multiple oncogenic signaling pathways are activated and implicated in gastric carcinogenesis, leading to malignant phenotype acquisition. This review outlines the most updated epidemiology of GC in Asian countries, along with targeted therapies for GC treatment. Abstract Despite the decline in incidence and mortality rates, gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The incidence and mortality of GC are exceptionally high in Asia due to high H. pylori infection, dietary habits, smoking behaviors, and heavy alcohol consumption. In Asia, males are more susceptible to developing GC than females. Variations in H. pylori strains and prevalence rates may contribute to the differences in incidence and mortality rates across Asian countries. Large-scale H. pylori eradication was one of the effective ways to reduce GC incidences. Treatment methods and clinical trials have evolved, but the 5-year survival rate of advanced GC is still low. Efforts should be put towards large-scale screening and early diagnosis, precision medicine, and deep mechanism studies on the interplay of GC cells and microenvironments for dealing with peritoneal metastasis and prolonging patients’ survival.
Title: Creation of the Genetic Code Sub Title : Review of the paper by Rakocevic "A Harmonic Structure of the Genetic Code"

This paper is a review of the research of Rakocevic as presented in his paper “A Harmonic Structure of the Genetic Code”. Rakocevic’s findings are confirmed. A strong symmetry is revealed in Rakocevic’s table – both horizontally and vertically. New data reveals that Rakocevic’s patterns are framed around 5 key numbers - the prime numbers 37 and 73, and their midpoint 55, and the triangular numbers 666 and 703. A simple geometric pattern is proposed that integrates all 5 numbers. It is shown that 666 and 703 are the constituent triangles of the 73 rd triangular number 2701 (37 x 73), and 703 itself is the 37 th triangular number. These findings have implications for the origin of the amino acids, suggesting the operation of a primordial arithmetic process, and concur in this respect with the findings of Shcherbak.
Recent Progress for Single-Molecule Magnets Based on Rare Earth Elements

Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in molecular spintronic devices. Rare earth SMMs are considered to be the most promising for application owing to their large magnetic moment and strong magnetic anisotropy. In this review, the recent progress in rare earth SMMs represented by mononuclear and dinuclear complexes is highlighted, especially for the modulation of magnetic anisotropy, effective energy barrier (Ueff) and blocking temperature (TB). The terbium- and dysprosium-based SMMs have a Ueff of 1541 cm−1 and an increased TB of 80 K. They break the boiling point temperature of liquid nitrogen. The development of the preparation technology of rare earth element SMMs is also summarized in an overview. This review has important implications and insights for the design and research of Ln-SMMs.
Effect of Leading-Edge Tubercles on Compressor Cascade Performance

Tubercles are modifications to the leading edge of an airfoil in the form of blunt wave-like serrations. Several studies on the effect of tubercles on isolated airfoils have shown a beneficial effect in the poststall regime as reduced drag and increased lift, leading to a delay of stall. The prospect of delaying stall is particularly attractive to designers of axial compressors in gas turbines, because this leads to designs with higher loading and therefore higher pressure rise with fewer number of stages. In the present study, experiments were performed on a cascade of airfoils with a NACA 65209 profile with different tubercle geometries. The measurements were made over an exit plane using a five-hole probe to compare the cascade performance parameters. Additionally, hot-wire measurements were taken near the blade surface to understand the nature of the flow in the region close to the tubercles. Oil-flow visualization on the cascade end wall reveals the flow through the passage of blades with and without.
A Study of Licklider Transmission Protocol in Deep-Space Communications in Presence of Link Disruptions

Delay/disruption-tolerant networking (DTN) is widely recognized as a key internetworking technology for implementing a space system of systems (SoS). Aimed at being the main data transport protocol of DTN, Licklider transmission protocol (LTP) is expected to provide reliable data transmission service in a challenging space SoS networking environment regardless of random link disruptions. In this article, a study of LTP in deep-space communication networks in presence of link disruptions is presented. An analytical framework is developed for the effect of multiple random link disruptions on LTP's reliable data delivery in deep-space networks. The study indicates that the models accurately predict the transmission performance of LTP over a deep-space communication channel in presence of multiple link disruptions. A threshold interval value, obtained from the analytical modeling results, is proposed as a means of determining the reducibility of two successive link disruptions to a single disruption; that threshold value is verified by the experiments.
Telehealth Implementation, Treatment Attendance, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Treatment Utilization in a Community Mental Health Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Analysis of Electronic Health Record Data

Background: Previous studies have found that the widespread implementation of telehealth for outpatient mental health treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with reduced no-show rates and increases in total number of appointments. However, it is unclear to what degree this is due to increased accessibility provided by telehealth, rather than to increased consumer demand for services fueled by the pandemic-related exacerbation of mental health needs. To shed light on this question, the present analysis examined changes in attendance rates for outpatient, home-, and school-based programs at a community mental health center in southeastern Michigan. Disparities in treatment utilization associated with socioeconomic status were also examined. Methods: Two-proportion z-tests were conducted to examine changes in attendance rates, and Pearson correlations were calculated using the median income level and attendance rate by zip code to examine disparities in utilization associated with socioeconomic status. Results: The proportion of appointments kept after telehealth implementation was statistically significantly higher for all outpatient programs, but not for any home-based programs. Specifically, absolute increases in the proportion of appointments kept ranged from 0.05 to 0.18 for outpatient programs, representing relative increases of 9.2% to 30.2%. Furthermore, before telehealth implementation, there was a strong positive correlation between income and attendance rate for all outpatient programs (ranging from r = 0.50 to 0.56). After telehealth implementation, there were no longer any significant correlations. Discussion: Results highlight the utility of telehealth in increasing treatment attendance and mitigating disparities in treatment utilization associated with socioeconomic status. These findings are highly relevant to ongoing discussions surrounding the long-term fate of evolving insurance and regulatory guidelines pertaining to telehealth.
How comets reveal structure of the inner heliosphere

Comets have been a subject of wonder and study for centuries. Observations of famous comets, such as Halley’s Comet, have been depicted (e.g. in the Bayeux Tapestry) and well recorded throughout history. These primitive bodies, condensed remnants of the protoplanetary disc that formed our solar system, have survived virtually untouched since the conception of the solar system some 4.5 billion years ago, aside from surface alteration by ultraviolet radiation and cosmic rays. Comets have fundamentally enriched our understanding of planetary physics, from providing the definitive proof of Newton’s law of universal gravitation with the successful recovery of comet Halley’s orbit, to the discovery of solar wind outflow based on remote observations of the cometary ion tail. Comets are thus natural probes of the solar wind in the inner heliosphere as they loop around the Sun. The existence of a solar wind was first conjectured in the latter half of the past century by Biermann (1951), based on observations of comets’ ion tails. Biermann argued that solar radiation pressure was not enough to explain the acceleration of plasma structures within comet tails. We now know that the solar wind not only dictates the orientation of cometary ion tails, but also directly influences fastevolving features of their complex structure. Our resources to probe the solar wind are limited to spacecraft data and spacecraft generally stay close to the ecliptic. To date, NASA’s Ulysses spacecraft is the only one to have obtained measurements of the solar wind up to high heliolatitudes. I intend to achieve the same goals in an extremely cost-effective way, by identifying features in remote images of a comet’s ion tail and understanding the associations of these features with the solar wind. This is the founding motivation for developing a new technique, limited only by the frequency of comets with a bright ion tail and their orbits.
In the Power of Flow: The Impact of Implicit and Explicit Motives on Flow Experience with a Special Focus on the Power Domain

1 1 Abstract Flow is a state in which people are completely immersed in an activity without reflective self-consciousness but with a deep sense of control (Engeser & Schiepe-Tiska, 2012; Rheinberg, 2008). Recent research has challenged Csikszentmihalyi’s (1975) assumption that the balance between challenge and skills promotes flow experience by revealing that an individual’s achievement motive moderates this relation (Eisenberger, Jones, Stinglhamber, Shanock, & Randall, 2005; Engeser & Rheinberg, 2008; Schattke, 2011; Schuler, 2007, 2010). The compensatory model of motivation and volition (Kehr, 2000, 2004b) provides a more general explanation of how flow occurs and integrates motives and skills in a joint model. The model proposes that flow emerges when (1) implicit motives are aroused by taskintrinsic incentives leading to affective preferences for a task, (2) no competing explicit motives are activated that could lead to thematically different cognitive preferences (partial congruence), or the congruent explicit motive is elicited, which would lead to high cognitive preferences for the task (complete congruence), and (3) the ability to accomplish a task is perceived as sufficient. Derived from these propositions, it may also be possible to reach flow when other motives, such as the implicit and explicit power motives, are aroused. Study 1 tested whether the effect of implicit motives on flow would be mediated by affective preferences, and whether the components, affective preferences, cognitive preferences, and perceived abilities would interact with each other in order to promote flow. Studies 2 and 3 examined whether flow could also be attained by people high in powermotive congruence. The findings supported my hypotheses in most cases. Study 1 revealed that affective preferences mediated the effect of the agentic motive on flow. Moreover, a hierarchical regression analysis indicated that high affective preferences, high cognitive preferences, and