Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review of the Psychometric Properties of Culturally Responsive Domestic Violence Measures

Domestic violence (DV) is a pervasive public health issue due to its high prevalence and the adverse effects it can have on individuals. Standardized measures can fail to account for within-group differences that are salient among diverse populations. The current review aims to systematically review and organize the psychometric studies of culturally responsive DV measures. The goal of the review is to inform researchers and practitioners about the validity and reliability of the existing measures to facilitate measure selection. Studies were included if they were validation studies of a DV measure, published in English in a peer-reviewed journal, demonstrated cultural responsivity, and provided evidence of validity or reliability. A total of seven studies were identified. Findings from this review showed that most participants were from South Asia or were South Asian immigrants. Some culturally specific tactics included being treated like a servant, eating last, being burned, and in-laws abuse. Most measures included in this review demonstrated compelling evidence of validity and reliability. More research is needed to develop and validate culturally responsive measures with distinctly diverse populations. Valid and reliable culturally responsive measures can be helpful for DV and non-DV service providers to precisely assess DV and provide appropriate services while documenting accurate DV prevalence rates.
Can bicycle training for children increase active travel

Evidence in support of cycle training is limited, and its potential to improve safety and make a tangible difference to cycling levels is unclear. Nevertheless, Bikeability, the UK government’s cycle training programme introduced in 2006, is widespread in schools and is actively supported by many parents/carers. This paper draws together a number of evidence sources in an attempt to understand the role of cycle training as one among several measures for increasing active travel. It reviews existing research regarding the role of and outcomes from cycle training for children before offering an overview of the current distribution of cycle training in English schools. Next it draws on two new data sources – the 2014 CensusAtSchool and the 2014 Bikeability School Travel Survey – to explore outcomes, experiences and perceptions of cycling and cycle training from a child’s perspective. From this it draws conclusions regarding the role of cycle training in schools and elaborates on what this means for policy makers and practitioners.
Metagenome-Assembled Genomes Reveal Mechanisms of Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Metabolism of Schistosomiasis-Transmitting Vector Biomphalaria Glabrata

The spread of aquatic gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, exacerbates the burden of schistosomiasis disease worldwide. This study provides insights into the importance of microbiome for basic biological activities of freshwater snails, and offers a valuable microbial genome resource to fill the gap in the analysis of the snail-microbiota-parasite relationship. ABSTRACT Biomphalaria glabrata transmits schistosomiasis mansoni which poses considerable risks to hundreds of thousands of people worldwide, and is widely used as a model organism for studies on the snail-schistosome relationship. Gut microbiota plays important roles in multiple aspects of host including development, metabolism, immunity, and even behavior; however, detailed information on the complete diversity and functional profiles of B. glabrata gut microbiota is still limited. This study is the first to reveal the gut microbiome of B. glabrata based on metagenome-assembled genome (MAG). A total of 28 gut samples spanning diet and age were sequenced and 84 individual microbial genomes with ≥ 70% completeness and ≤ 5% contamination were constructed. Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria in the freshwater snail, unlike terrestrial organisms harboring many species of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. The microbial consortia in B. glabrata helped in the digestion of complex polysaccharide such as starch, hemicellulose, and chitin for energy supply, and protected the snail from food poisoning and nitrate toxicity. Both microbial community and metabolism of B. glabrata were significantly altered by diet. The polysaccharide-degrading bacterium Chryseobacterium was enriched in the gut of snails fed with high-digestibility protein and high polysaccharide diet (HPHP). Notably, B. glabrata as a mobile repository can escalate biosafety issues regarding transmission of various pathogens such as Acinetobacter nosocomialis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus as well as multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the environment and to other organisms. IMPORTANCE The spread of aquatic gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, exacerbates the burden of schistosomiasis disease worldwide. This study provides insights into the importance of microbiome for basic biological activities of freshwater snails, and offers a valuable microbial genome resource to fill the gap in the analysis of the snail-microbiota-parasite relationship. The results of this study clarified the reasons for the high adaptability of B. glabrata to diverse environments, and further illustrated the role of B. glabrata in accumulation of antibiotic resistance in the environment and spread of various pathogens. These findings have important implications for further exploration of the control of snail dissemination and schistosomiasis from a microbial perspective.
The widgit symbol custody sheet pilot project

funding partner organisations agreed the general focus of the pilot project and also supported initial access to research sites and participants. The conduct of the research, including choice of interviewees, lines of questioning and the analysis and interpretation of the data were decided and managed independently by the authors. Widgit resources whether bought or free of charge are protected by copyright. The symbols are copyright Widgit Software and the content of the materials is copyright Widgit Software unless otherwise specified. The images may not under any circumstances be distributed to any third parties. Distribution of materials is illegal. The images in this report are used with the permission of Widgit Software. Findings relating to research question 2: In what ways do the symbol-based information sheets influence the communication and engagement with individuals in custody, from the perspective of the police officers?
Using the Line of Balance for Production System Design

The line of balance (LOB) is a tool for project planning and control that provides great visibility for the flows of work in a construction site. The LOB depicts information related to when, where and what activities are done at any time as well as activity batch size, pace, and buffers between different crews. Besides making work flows more transparent to those managing a project, this tool can serve as a means to simulate and discuss different alternatives and strategies to sequence activities in the long run. This paper presents a study carried out in a construction company in Fortaleza, Brazil in which the authors used the LOB in the initial planning phase of a high-rise residential project. Based on the information provided by different LOBs, representing different scenarios, the authors discussed with projects managers, superintendents, and crews the advantages and disadvantages of each scenario regarding the project’s lead time, activities cycle time, gang sizes, batch sizes, buffers, sequencing, interferences between crews, learning effect and productivity. The paper presents the project’s personnel views about the different scenarios and respective indicators, and discusses the implications of the group’s chosen scenario for the project as whole. The LOB was developed in spreadsheet software (Microsoft® Excel) and had a high rate of success as the project’s participants could easily understand the concepts used to develop each scenario, simulate, and evaluate the impacts they had on the project’s performance. Based on other papers’ conclusions about the topic, this paper aims at contributing to the discussion about production system design based on solid production indicators depicted through low-cost and low-level of abstraction tools such as the Line of Balance.
Comparing estimates of physical activity in children across different cut‐points and the associations with weight status

This study aimed to compare sedentary time (SED) and intensity‐specific physical activity (PA) estimates and the associations of SED and PA with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) using three different sets of cut‐points in preschool‐aged children. A total of 751 children (4.7 ± 0.9 years, boys 52.7%) wore an ActiGraph GT3X+BT accelerometer on their hip for 7 days (24 h). Euclidean norm −1 G with negative values rounded to zero (ENMO) and activity counts from vertical axis (VACounts) and vector magnitude (VMCounts) were derived. Estimates of SED and light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) were calculated for commonly used cut‐points by Hildebrand et al., Butte et al., and Evenson et al. Furthermore, the prevalence of meeting the PA recommendation, 180 min/day of which at least 60 min/day being MVPA, were assessed for the cut‐points. Multilevel mixed analysis was used to examine associations of SED and PA with BMI and WC. In accordance with the results, SED and PA intensity estimates differed largely across cut‐points (i.e., SED = 22–341 min/day; light PA = 52–257 min/day; moderate PA = 5–18 min/day; vigorous PA = 7–17 min/day; MVPA = 13–35 min/day), and the prevalence of children meeting the PA recommendation varied from 4% to 70%. Associations of SED and PA with BMI or WC varied between the cut‐points. Our results indicate that SED and PA estimates in preschool‐aged children between studies using these cut‐points are poorly comparable. Methods facilitating accelerometer‐derived PA estimate comparison between studies are highly warranted.
Maternity Care Practices and Breastfeeding Intentions at One Month Among Low-Income Women

BACKGROUND: Maternity care practices have been linked with higher chances of meeting breastfeeding intentions, but this relationship has not been examined using national data on US low-income women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). METHODS: Using data from the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 on 1080 women who intended to breastfeed, we estimated risk ratios for associations between (1) each of 6 maternity care practices supportive of breastfeeding (breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth, showing mothers how to breastfeed, giving only breast milk, rooming-in, breastfeeding on demand, no pacifiers), (2) each practice adjusted for all other practices, and (3) total number of practices experienced with whether women met their intention to feed only breast milk at 1 month old. Models were adjusted for demographics. RESULTS: In adjusted models (1), breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth, giving only breast milk, and no pacifiers were associated with higher likelihood of meeting prenatal breastfeeding intentions. Adjusting for all other practices (2), initiating breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth (risk ratio: 1.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.0–1.6) and giving only breast milk (risk ratio: 4.4; 95% confidence interval: 3.4–5.7) remained associated with meeting breastfeeding intention. There was a dose-response relationship between number of steps experienced and higher likelihood of meeting prenatal breastfeeding intentions (3). CONCLUSIONS: Women who experienced maternity care practices supportive of breastfeeding were more likely to meet their prenatal breastfeeding intentions, underscoring the importance of breastfeeding support during the birth hospitalization in enabling mothers to achieve their breastfeeding goals.
Clinical study on effect of wrist-ankle acupuncture on incidence of hypertension after intubation during induction of general anesthesia

ABSTRACT Objective To observe the effect of wrist-ankle acupuncture on the incidence of hypertension after tracheal intubation during induction of general anesthesia. Methods 200 patients receiving selective surgery under tracheal intubation and general anesthesia in our Hospital were selected and divided into control group and wrist-ankle acupuncture group using the random number table method, with 100 patients in each group. Sufentanil, cisatracurium besilate, remifentanil, etomidate and lidocaine hydrochloride were used for anesthesia induction, and intravenously injected according to the onset time of drugs, successively. The wrist-ankle acupuncture group was needled in bilateral upper 1, 2 and 3 areas, while the control group was treated with false acupuncture.Blood pressure and related blood biochemical indexes were measured and observed at different stages in each group. Result The incidence of blood pressure exceeding 20% and 30% of basal blood pressure within 5 minutes after intubation was as follows:wrist-ankle acupuncture group 11.83% and 6.45%; control group 29.79% and 22.34%, The incidence in the study group was lower than that in the control group. Norepinephrine concentration in the wrist-ankle acupuncture group was significantly lower than that before induction (P < .05), and plasma Norepinephrine concentration in the wrist-ankle acupuncture group was significantly lower than that in the control group after intubation (P < .05). The plasma Norepinephrine concentration in the wrist-ankle acupuncture group was significantly lower than that in the control group after intubation (P < .05) Conclusion wrist-ankle acupuncture can prevent hypertension after intubation during anesthesia induction. Moreover, it is safe, effective, minimally invasive. Therefore, it is easy to be popularized in clinical practice.
Evaluation of wire fences for coyote control.

Thirty-four electric and nonelectric wire fence configurations were evaluated for deterrent effect to coyotes (Can& l&runs). Tests of fences were conducted using a conditioned test regime or live prey to elicit fence-crossing responses from 15 captive coyotes during 980 exposures to fences. Fence height and mesh size were important factors in controlling jumping over and crawling through, respectively. Overhangs and aprons were necessary to preclude climbing over and crawling under fences. Electric fences generally were not effective deterrents under test conditions. Construction of a fence necessary to deter all methods of crossing is described. Subsequent field tests have verified the suitability of such a fence to control losses of sheep to coyotes.
Qualitative Market Research

MARKET research is so new in the chemical industry that any discussion of its techniques should be carried on after consideration of the basic factors which make for its proper orientation. There* are five points which should be decided in the case of each chemical firm which formalizes market research into a definite department or division. No single answer can be given for any of these five points, because in each case—the answer is a function of the organization of the particular firm. 1. Is management sufficiently convinced of the value of market research, and sufficiently experienced in its use to make it a valuable addition to overhead expense? Many top executives in this industry are men who have come up to the top through the production side, and a great many are chemists by professional training. Unless such men are sufficiently experienced, they are not likely to be able to make adequate use of .
Iron supplementation during the first trimester of pregnancy after a national change of recommendation: a Danish cross-sectional study

Abstract In 2013, the Danish Health Authorities recommended a change in prophylactic iron supplementation to 40–50 mg/d from gestational week 10. Hence, the aims of the present study were (1) to estimate the prevalence of women who follow the Danish recommendation on iron supplementation during the last 3 weeks of the first trimester of pregnancy and (2) to identify potential sociodemographic, reproductive and health-related pre-pregnancy predictors for iron supplementation during the first trimester. We conducted a cross-sectional study with data from the hospital-based Copenhagen Pregnancy Cohort. Characteristics were analysed by descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between predictors and iron supplementation during the last 3 weeks of the first trimester. The study population consisted of 23 533 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet from October 2013 to May 2019. The prevalence of iron supplementation according to recommendations was 49⋅1 %. The pre-pregnancy factors of ≥40 years of age, the educational level below a higher degree and a vegetarian or vegan diet were identified as predictors for iron supplementation during the first trimester of pregnancy. Approximately half of the women were supplemented with the recommended dose of iron during the first trimester of pregnancy. We identified pre-pregnancy predictors associated with iron supplementation. Interventions that target women of reproductive age are needed. An enhanced focus on iron supplementation during pregnancy should be incorporated in pre-pregnancy and interpregnancy counselling.
Successful outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection–embryo transfer using ejaculated spermatozoa from two Chinese asthenoteratozoospermic brothers with a compound heterozygous FSIP2 mutation

Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is a characteristic form of severe asthenozoospermia and closely related to male infertility. However, it is not sure whether intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) allows MMAF patients reproductive success. The present study reported the first case of successful intracytoplasmic sperm injection–embryo transfer (ICSI–ET) in Chinese brothers with a novel compound heterozygous mutation of FSIP2 (fibrous sheath interacting protein 2), a newly identified MMAF‐related genes. The proband and his brother were referred for MMAF because of their abnormal sperm flagellum. Through whole‐exome sequencing in the genetic analyses of the proband, his brother and parents showed that the proband and his brother carry a novel compound heterozygous FSIP2 mutation (c.1750T>A and c.13600A>G), which will lead to abnormal expression of FSIP2 and loss of its function. Considering that these brothers had the MMAF phenotype, we recommended ICSI treatment. The successful outcome of ICSI indicated that a lose‐function mutation of FSIP2 might not have any effect on ICSI, although the latest report showed a failed outcome of ICSI in a patient with FSIP2 mutation. This study provides new knowledge to understand the effect of MMAF caused by FSIP2 mutation on ICSI outcome.
Global ecological and biogeochemical impacts of pelagic tunicates

The pelagic tunicates, gelatinous zooplankton that include salps, doliolids, and appendicularians, are filter feeding grazers thought to produce a significant amount of particulate organic carbon (POC) detritus. However, traditional sampling methods (i.e., nets), have historically underestimated their abundance, yielding an overall underappreciation of their global biomass and contribution to ocean biogeochemical cycles relative to crustacean zooplankton. As climate change is projected to decrease the average plankton size and POC export from traditional plankton food webs, the ecological and biogeochemical role of pelagic tunicates may increase; yet, pelagic tunicates were not resolved in the previous generation of global earth system climate projections. Here we present a global ocean study using a coupled physical-biogeochemical model to assess the impact of pelagic tunicates in the pelagic food web and biogeochemical cycling. We added two tunicate groups, a large salp/doliolid and a small appendicularian to the NOAA-GFDL Carbon, Ocean Biogeochemistry, and Lower Trophics version 2 (COBALTv2) model, which was originally formulated to represent carbon flows to crustacean zooplankton. The new GZ-COBALT simulation was able to simultaneously satisfy new pelagic tunicate biomass constraints and existing ecosystem constraints, including crustacean zooplankton observations. The model simulated a global tunicate biomass of 0.10 Pg C, annual tunicate production of 0.49 Pg C y-1 in the top 100 m, and annual tunicate detritus production of 0.98 Pg C y-1 in the top 100 m. Tunicate-mediated export flux was 0.71 Pg C y-1, representing 11% of the total export flux past 100 m. Overall export from the euphotic zone remained largely constant, with the GZ-COBALT pe-ratio only increasing 5.3% (from 0.112 to 0.118) compared to the COBALTv2 control. While the bulk of the tunicate-mediated export production resulted from the rerouting of phytoplankton- and mesozooplankton-mediated export, tunicates also shifted the overall balance of the upper oceans away from recycling and towards export. Our results suggest that pelagic tunicates play important trophic roles in both directly competing with microzooplankton and indirectly shunting carbon export away from the microbial loop.
A Selective Bottleneck During Host Entry Drives the Evolution of New Legume Symbionts

During the emergence of new host-microbe symbioses, multiple selective pressures-acting at the different steps of the microbial life cycle–shape the phenotypic traits that jointly determine microbial fitness. However, the relative contribution of these different selective pressures to the adaptive trajectories of microbial symbionts are still poorly known. Here we characterized the dynamics of phenotypic adaptation and its underlying genetic bases during the experimental evolution of a plant pathogenic bacterium into a legume symbiont. We observed that fast adaptation was predominantly driven by selection acting on competitiveness for host entry, which outweighed selection acting on within-host proliferation. Whole-population sequencing of evolved bacteria revealed that phenotypic adaptation was supported by the continuous accumulation of new mutations and the sequential sweeps of cohorts of mutations with similar temporal trajectories. The identification of adaptive mutations within the fixed mutational cohorts showed that all of them improved competitiveness for host entry, while only a subset of those also improved within host proliferation. Computer simulations predict that this effect emerges from the presence of a strong selective bottleneck at host entry. Together, these results show how selective bottlenecks can alter the relative influence of selective pressures acting during bacterial adaptation to multistep infection processes.