Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFICACY OF NATURAL ENEMIES OF NEMATODES

Nematologists generally agree that the many field plot studies on nematic ides initiated and carried out during the late 1940s and early 1950s were responsi­ ble in part for the growth of nematology in the United States (43, 54, 87). These demonstration plots conducted in several states showed convincingly the efficacy of broad spectrum nematicides. Beneficial results coming from the plots were not overlooked by state and federal funding agencies. Agencies recognized the economic gains that were being fostered by the burgeoning discipline of nematology. Early and continued monetary support by agencies at sustained levels (i.e. formula funding) helped underwrite the growth of the science (2). Conversely, recent removal of several effective nematic ides from the marketplace resulting from federal deregulation (31) eventually may have the reverse effect. Support of nematological research might ebb if replace-
Simple sequence repeats provide a direct estimate of pollen‐mediated gene dispersal in the tropical tree Gliricidia sepium

An understanding of the processes that determine the observed patterns of genetic variation in natural plant populations is an important factor in the management of biodiversity. Pollen‐mediated gene dispersal is recognized as a major determinant of population genetic structure. Here, the utility of simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis was investigated for the measurement of pollen‐mediated gene transfer by paternity exclusion in a restricted, fragmented and endangered population of the insect‐pollinated tropical leguminous tree Gliricidia sepium located in Guatemala. Data at a single SSR locus, which revealed six allelic variants, were employed to generate minimum distance curves of pollen dispersal. Combined data from all six alleles indicated that a minimum of 1.8% of transfer events occurred over a distance of greater than 75 m. However, this value represents an underestimate because of the exclusion approach employed for analysis. Considering the four rarest alleles in the population only (combined frequency = 0.196), which provides a less biased indicator of gene transfer, a minimum of 6.1% of pollen movements could be attributed to greater than 75 m. One extreme example of gene transfer of over 275 m was recorded. Estimates of pollen transfer suggest a homogenizing effect on genetic structure over the spatial scale of the study population and provide an important indicator for the genetic management of natural and exotic stands of G. sepium. This study provides the first example of SSR analysis being employed to estimate directly pollen movement in a natural stand of any tree species.
Efeitos da densidade da plantação sobre a produção, crescimento e sobrevivencia de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. em Missiones, Argentina

Basing on data from an Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) 0. Ktze. trial, set up in 1971, in Cuartel Rio Victoria, Missiones, Argentina, it was studied the effects of 10 different inicial plantation densities, from 625 to 4444 trees por hectare on the following parameters: arithmetic mean dbh, quadratic mean dbh, mean sectional area, mean total height, dominant height, tree mean volume, basal area por hectare, total volume por hectare, number of trees and survival. The used data came from remeasurements in permanent sample plots at the ages 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 18, 22 and 24. The plantation density effect on each variable and mensuration age, was done through analysis of variance, and the Tukey's test. Heightdiameter relationships were developed, and the Curtis' model fitted withought tendencies for the all range of searched diameters and ages. It was detected significant effects of the plantation density on all studied variables, except on dominant height. It was analysed the observed tendencies and it was detected the ages from which the plantation density start to affect negatively the development of each variable. The Chapman-Richards and Prodan's models, tested for modelling the variables growth, described adequately and efficiently the evolution of these variables within the analysed age range, and for all planting densities. However the Chapman-Richards' model estimated more realistically the assymtotic values of the analysed vaiables. Tables of predicted growth and yield were presented basing on the Chapman-Richards' model. Satisfactory results on survival modelling were obtained with the Silva's model, and with the modified Chapman-Richards' model as a function of age and number of trees. The Möller's Theory for the studied specie was confirmed by using the yield curves to simulate silvicultural regimes.
Otter, Lutra lutra, occurrence in Europe and in France in relation to landscape characteristics

In recent decades, the abundance of otter, Lutra lutra, decreased in many European countries. This study aimed at determining if varying occurrence of otters is related to land features and if this occurs at many spatial scales. Values of landscape features were compared among three categories of otter occurrence, i.e. absent, sporadic and common, for 25 European countries, for 19 regions and 22–40 departments in France. At all scales, significantly higher human and road densities were detected in areas where otters are absent, which illustrates the pervasive impact of human presence on otter population fragmentation. Moreover, particular natural features (‘percentage other use’ defined as non‐agricultural and non‐forested) may also limit otter populations at the scale of Europe. Our study failed to detect significant differences in landscapes occupied by common or sporadic otter populations, probably owing to a limited sample size, or to the resilience of otters. The conservation of the European otter in Europe would benefit from an improved list of common large‐scale land descriptors, the recognition of large gaps of naturally unsuitable habitats, and the development of international large‐scale conservation studies to support existing regional otter conservation efforts.
Pengaruh Likuiditas, Profitabilitas dan Solvabilitas terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2017

The Indonesian Capital Market experienced a very rapid development from period to period, in this case proven by the increase in the number of shares transacted and with the high volume of stock trading. In line with the very rapid development, in this case the need for relevant information in making investment decisions in the capital market is also increasing. The capital market is an indicator of the economic progress of a country and supporting the economy of the country concerned. This study aims to prove empirically the effect of liquidity, the effect of profitability, the effect of solvency on stock prices. This research method uses descriptive quantitative. The research data used is the company's annual financial report that has been published. Data analysis method used multiple linear regression analysis, classic assumption test which includes normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, and autocorrelation test. Testing the hypothesis includes the F test and t test, as well as the correlation coefficient, and the coefficient of determination. The results of the analysis of this research data are liquidity, profitability, solvency does not affect the stock price
Pollen morphology of the Euphorbiaceae with special reference to taxonomy

In the present study pollen morphology of the Euphorbeaceae is treated as an additional character in taxonomy. Besides the greater part of the genera occurring in the system of PAX and K. HOFFMANN (1931), most of the genera published after 1931 are studied. The pollen grains have been described with the aid of a terminology as simple as possible. In principle the terminology of IVERSEN and TROELS-SMITH has been followed, although in addition, many improvements of ERDTMAN have been used. One of the simplifications is the rejection of POTONIE’s term sculpture. All elements occurring on the endexine are called structure elements; all structure elements together form the structure of a pollen grain. For the sake of consequence endexine apertures and extexine apertures are discussed separately. Different pollen grains are placed in different pollen types. If the differences are of minor importance, the pollen grains are placed in subtypes. Several types can have some characters in common. To express the correspondences, these types are assembled in configurations. As the pollen types in Phyllanthoideae and Crotonoideae differ distinctly, the division of the Euphorbiaceae in these subfamilies is maintained in the discussion of the results. The Phyllanthodieae can be separated in three large groups of pollen types ( Antidesma configuration, Amanoa configuration and Aristogeitonia configuration), which agrees with the grouping of PAX in 1924. The remaining small configurations belong in taxonomic respect to the genera of the Antidesma configuration. In the Crotonoideae many genera possess pollen grains with a croton-pattern. These genera should be treated as a single group. Besides this natural group, the Plukenetiinae possess pollen grains which are clearly distinguished from other genera in the Crotonoideae. Pollen grains of Omphalea are similar to those in the Plukenetia configuration. This pollen-morphological result agrees with the opinion of CROIZAT. The remaining pollen grains in the Crotonoideae are less easy to differentiate in groups. One of the largest configurations is the Mallotus configuration, which includes most genera of the Acalypheae and several genera or other tribes. The Hippomane configuration is another large one. This configuration comprises the tribes Hippomaneae and Euphorbieae. The pollen grains of both tribes are very similar. The genus Pachystroma is pollen-morphologically as well as taxonomically related to the tribe Hippomaneae. Pera, treated as a separate tribe by PAX and K. HOFFMANN, is related by its pollen grains to some genera in the Acalypheae. Dalechampia is habitually related to the genera in the Plukenetiinae. Pollenmorphological data, however, do not support this relation. The pollen grains of Dalechampia are not similar to any other pollen type. The morphology of the pollen grains of the Stenolobeae is in agreement with the opinion of PAX, that any separation of these Australian genera is an artificial one.
Extraction of Iraqi Okra Seeds Oil and Study of its Properties During Different Periods

Abstract: This study includes making comparison of Physic-chemical properties between three types of local okra seeds (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Oil which is (Petra, Batera and Husayniyah). The seeds were obtained from the local markets and diagnosed. Then they cleaned, dried and selected for homogeneous seeds in form and colour. The seeds were milled and the chemical composition measured including (moisture, ash, protein, oil and carbohydrate). The extraction of oil was carried out. The antioxidant properties of the extracted of oil were studied. The petra seed oil had the highest efficacy of 68%. While Husayniyah seed oil was higher than the other two types with the highest percentage of chelating ferrous ion, scavenging of hydrogen peroxide and reducing power 70.42%, 58.43% and 75.56% respectively. The extracted oil is than stored at 50 ̊C for 60 days follow changes in its antioxidant properties during storage. All antioxidant traits had a significant decrease in the storage period, reaching the lowest values at the end of storage.
The effect of environmental factors on activity, selected behaviour patterns and “fear” of fowls in cages and pens

Synopsis The causes of feather pecking are closely linked with the nature of the environment in which the bird is kept. The object of this study was to assess the influences of group size, stocking rate and illumination intensity on general activity, preening, head shaking and “ fear ” responses and to relate these activities to feather pecking. In caged birds activity was increased by brighter light, by more space per bird and by more birds in a group; more preening was seen in birds housed at a lower density and no treatment had an effect on head shaking. “ Fear ” responses were greater in dim light and particularly when group size was large. Birds in pens appeared to lack completely “ fear ” responses to the stimulus used. In pens only stocking rate was varied; it had the same effect on activity as in cages. At higher stocking rates birds in pens showed more head shaking. The relationships between feather pecking, “ fear ” responses and general activity are discussed.
INTERACTION OF GHRELIN AND OPIOIDS IN LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) SECRETION BY PITUITARY CELLS OF COMMON CARP, CYPRINUS CARPIO (ACTINOPTERYGII: CYPRINIFORMES: CYPRINIDAE), CULTURED IN VITRO

Interaction of ghrelin and opioids in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion by pituitary cells of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), cultured in vitro. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 41 (2): 81–87. Background. Ghrelin, a newly discovered hormone is involved mainly in the regulation of body energy home-ostasis. It has also been proved that ghrelin affects many other processes including the control of the hypothala-mo-pituitary-gonadal axis in vertebrates. Ghrelin interacts also with other peptides and neurotransmitters, which are involved in gonadotropin release, such as endogenous opioid peptides. The aim of the experiment was to com-pare the effects of ghrelin and naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, on LH secretion by pituitary cells of mature female and male common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Materials and methods. In the in vitro experiment the time-dependent (10 and 24 h) action of ghrelin (10 –7 or 10 –6 M) and naltrexone at 10 –6 M added alone or in combination on LH secretion by enzymatically dispersed pituitary cells of mature female and male carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) was studied. Results. Ghrelin alone at a dose of 10 –6 M stimulated LH secretion after 10 h of female- but not male-derived cell incubations. Ghrelin at 10 –7 M had no effect on LH secretion from either female or male cells. Naltrexone alone stimulated LH secretion only after 24 h of female cell culture. In male cells no significant changes in LH secretion in response to naltrexone alone were found after 10 or 24 h incubation period. Combined treatment (ghrelin 10 –7 or 10 –6 M and naltrexone) stimulated LH secretion in female and male cell incubations at 10 and 24 h: LH levels were significantly higher in comparison to control, to ghrelin alone (in cells of both sexes) and to naltrexone alone (in male cells only). Conclusion. The results suggest that opioids and ghrelin may control LH secretion in carp acting synergistically, probably through the same receptor type. The concept of opioid and ghrelin interaction in the gonadal steroid feedback on LH release is also discussed.
Effect of different fibrous and nonfiber carbohydrate levels on nutrients digestibility of total mixed ration using in vivo in buffalo

Abstract In order to investigate the effect of different levels of NDF on chewing behavior and their relationship with ruminal acidity, 3 ruminally fistulated buffalo steers (average BW = 389.6 ±7.5 Kg) were allotted in a change over design in Agriculture and Natural Resource center of Uremia city of Iran. Two diets with 2 levels of NDF were used as treatments. First and second diets had 52 and 47 % of NDF, respectively. The experiment had two periods and each period’s take 15d for adaptation, 7d for sample collection and determination of nutrient digestibility and for determination of passage rate, 2d for measuring ruminal pH, and 3d for measuring chewing activity. Using Penn Stat Particle Separator (PSPS), distribution, geometric mean, its standard deviation and physically effective factor (pef) of diets were determined. Animals fed ad libitum at 09:00a.m and 21:00p.m. The time that spent for eating and rumination were optically recorded in 24h with 5 minutes intervals and total chewing activity calculated from sum of eating and rumination time. There were no significant differences between chemical composition, particles distribution, geometric mean, its standard deviation and physically effective factor (pef) of diets, dry matter intake (kg/d) and nutrients intake (NDF, ADF, NFC and crude protein) and their digestibility, but digestibility ADF, NDF and NFC decreased as content of fiber increased(P<0.05). Increasing NFC reduced ruminal pH at 0.5, 1.0, 4.5, 6.0 9.0 and 10.0 h post feeding (P<0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences on eating time, rumination time and total chewing activity between diets, but increased as NDF intake and peNDF>1.18 increased (P<0.05). Also, rumination time and total chewing activity over night decreased as NDF intake and peNDF>1.18 increased (P<0.05).
Spawning Migration of Telemetered Striped Bass in the Roanoke River, North Carolina

Abstract The spring spawning migration is a key period for effective management of anadromous populations of striped bass Morone saxatilis. Information on migratory behavior is needed in order to develop appropriate harvest regulations and to conduct effective surveys while fish are on the spawning grounds. We used ultrasonic telemetry to estimate the timing and duration of the upriver spawning migration for the Roanoke River, North Carolina, population and to evaluate whether a short-term fluctuation in temperature or flow would alter the distribution of telemetered fish on the spawning grounds. Seventy-eight fish implanted with transmitters were released during 1993 and 1994. Twenty-nine telemetered fish migrated upriver in 1994, and 14 telemetered fish entered the river in 1995. Migration of telemetered fish began in mid- to late April when water temperatures in the lower river reached 17–18°C. Males began their spawning migration significantly earlier than females in 1994; the difference was not signi.
Estratégias reprodutivas de espécies arbóreas e a sua importância para o manejo e conservação florestal : Floresta Nacional do Tapajós (Belterra-PA)

Esse estudo buscou informacoes sobre o processo reprodutivo de cinco especies arboreas com diferentes caracteristicas ecologicas, no contexto da Exploracao de Impacto Reduzido (EIR): Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D. Don (Bignoniaceae), Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. (Leguminosae - Papilionoidae), Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae(, Symphonia globulifera L.f. (Clusiaceae) e Bagassa guianensis Aubl. (Moraceae).
Phenomorphological Characterization of Vegetable Soybean Germplasm Lines for Commercial Production

Growing demand for vegetable soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] has renewed interest in producing the crop in the United States, a significant importer of vegetable soybean despite being the world’s largest producer and exporter of grain-type soybean. Field studies were conducted over 3 yr to(i) compare phenomorphological traits of vegetable and grain-type soybean and (ii) identify candidate lines for vegetable soybean production in the North Central United States, the nation’s leading soybeanproducing region. A total of 136 vegetable soybean entries from 22 sources were compared to 14 grain-type cultivars representing a range of maturity groups. Germination and emergence of vegetable soybean were poorer than grain-type entries. Seedling growth traits and rate of phenological development were higher in vegetable soybean. However, by the time of crop harvest (i.e., R6 growth stage), vegetable soybean produced shorter, smaller plants than grain-type soybean. Seed mass accounted for some of the variation in emergence and seedling traits. Filtering entry responses by criteria essential to viable commercial production, including a sensory evaluation, 12 entries from eight seed sources were identified as the most promising candidate lines for use in the North Central United States. By comparing vegetable soybean responses to grain-type soybean, this work puts into perspective the agronomic performance of vegetable soybean germplasm available to growers in the United States and points to specific areas of future research and crop development. USDA-ARS, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801. Received 6 Oct. 2014. Accepted 13 Dec. 2014. *Corresponding author (mmwillms@illinois.edu). Abbreviations: MG, maturity group; WAP, weeks after planting. Published in Crop Sci. 55:1274–1279 (2015). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2014.10. 0690 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
A Tale of Three Lineages: Expansion of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) in the U.S. Southwest and Gulf Coast

Abstract The common reed invasion in North America has spanned two centuries and is still ongoing. This expansion comprises two main forms: an introduced Eurasian lineage (identified here as “Introduced Phragmites”) and a Gulf Coast lineage of unknown origin (identified here as “Gulf Coast Phragmites”). Both lineages are spreading beyond their current ranges and are colonizing Southwestern and Gulf Coast ecosystems where they have not previously existed. As a result, the native North American lineage of common reed (hereafter “native Phragmites”) has declined in many places. The recent invasion of the U.S. Southwest by Introduced and Gulf Coast Phragmites lineages has made this the only region in the world colonized by all three lineages. Along the central Gulf Coast where Gulf Coast Phragmites remains the dominant form, Introduced Phragmites has also recently invaded the Mississippi River delta. The consequences of these new invasions are uncertain, but a rapid response is needed to protect native species and ecosystems and reduce future control costs. Nomenclature: Common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud