Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The development and disruption of relationships between leaders and organizational members and the importance of trust

Our contribution lies in extending theorizing on relationship quality, by illustrating how the interwoven relationships between a leader and ‘follower’ may support or disrupt relationship development over time. Based on a study of leaders and organizational members in high-tech start-up firms, we provide concurrently a broader, more in-depth understanding, and therefore a more detailed and nuanced view, of how relationship quality develops or is disrupted. In particular, we highlight the importance of trust, exploring the under-researched topic of how differing interpretations of trust by leaders and organizational members can impact leaps of faith, acceptance, short-term or longer-term relationship quality. The findings address critiques of Leader Member Exchange (LMX) theory as the dominant explanatory construct for relationship quality, and highlight the need for longitudinal qualitative studies to explore the meanings both leaders and individual members of their organization give to their relationship over time.
Design of Soil Remediation Techniques from Column Leaching Test Results

The soil remediation at a contaminated site requires knowledge of contaminant transport parameters and processes. This paper presents the determination of transport parameters from column leaching tests in context with two soil remediation techniques i.e., soil washing and immobilization. To evaluate the soil washing technique, the column leaching tests on the polluted soil were conducted with diluted acid solutions of hydrochloric acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and ferric chloride to evaluate the leaching efficiencies of the selected leaching solutions. It was observed that the efficiency of diluted ferric chloride solution was higher as it removed the higher percentage of metals from the soil. From these test results, the contaminant transport parameters i.e., retardation factor and dispersion coefficient were determined which are useful to calculate the volume of leaching solut ion that will be required for soil washing at a site. As part of immobilization study on this soil, the soil was mixed with the selected amendments (lime, sodium hydroxide and cement) to increase the pH of the soil to 10 and the retardation factors were estimated through batch leaching test results. The retardation factors of different metals obtained with lime addition were found higher than the other amendments.To analyze the long-term stability of the amended mixtures, the leaching tests were conducted on amended soil samples and the immobilization efficiencies were estimated. It was found that the immobilization efficiencies were higher with lime addition and also concluded that the immobilization effiencies are directly related to retardation factors. doi: 10.5829/ije.2022. 35.02b. 10
Assessing the motivational climates in early physical education curricula underpinned by motor learning theory: SAMPLE-PE

ABSTRACT Background: Traditionally, Physical Education (PE) has adopted a multi-skills approach, where children generally engage in decontextualised practice of sport techniques to develop specific movement skills and facilitate sports participation. This approach has been critiqued for having a weak conceptual and philosophical justification, and a lack of empirical proof of its educational value. The SAMPLE-PE research project set out to challenge this by creating two PE curricula distinguished by contrasting theories of motor learning: information processing theory and ecological dynamics. While both approaches have shown promise in enhancing children’s movement skills, to date, there has been little consideration of their impact on the motivational climate of primary PE lessons. This study explored to what extent traditional PE, ecological dynamics, and information processing theory-based approaches create empowering and disempowering motivational climates when viewed through a self-determination and achievement goal theory lens. Method: Forty-four PE lessons were video recorded and coded by two trained researchers using the Multidimensional Motivational Climate Observation System. ANOVA, MANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were run to explore differences in data on motivational climate under the three different pedagogical approaches. Results: The group taught with concepts from ecological dynamics (referred to as Ecological) displayed a significantly lower disempowering motivational climate in comparison to the group taught with a basis in information processing theory (referred to as IPT) and the traditional PE groups. The ecological group revealed significantly more autonomy support than the traditional PE and the IPT group. The IPT group methods provided significantly more structure than traditional PE and the ecological group. Conclusion: The findings of this study have shown how the approach taken in delivering PE in primary schools may differentially affect motivational climates. Results imply that underpinning PE with theories of motor learning provides differing, viable and beneficial alternatives to create positive learning environments, compared to traditional PE practices.
Numerical Model on Frost Height of Round Plate Fin Used for Outdoor Heat Exchanger of Mobile Electric Heat Pumps

The objective of this study is to provide the numerical model for prediction of the frost growth of the round plate fin for the purpose of using it as a round plate fin-tube heat exchanger (evaporator) under frosting conditions. In this study, numerical model was considering the frost density change with time, and it showed better agreement with experimental data of Sahin (1994) than that of the Kim model (2004) and the Jonse and Parker model (1975). This is because the prediction on the frost height with time was improved by using the frost thermal conductivity reflecting the void fraction and density of ice crystal with frost growth. Therefore, the developed numerical model could be used for frosting performance prediction of the round plate fin-tube heat exchanger.
Comparative Analysis of Long-Term Outcome of Anterior Reconstruction in Thoracic Tuberculosis by Direct Anterior Approach versus Posterior Approach

Study Design: Retrospective study. Aim: To retrospectively evaluate and compare the long-term outcome of anterior vertebral body reconstruction in tuberculosis (TB) of the dorsal spine by direct anterior-versus-posterior approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 127 patients operated by posterior approach, 118 by anterior for TB-thoracic spine with at least 1-year follow-up were included and retrospectively analyzed. Patients were assessed clinically, radiologically and data regarding age, sex, levels involved, surgical approach, operative time, blood loss, neurological recovery using Frankel grade, pre- and post-operative kyphosis, % correction of kyphosis, time for fusion, fusion grading using Bridwell criteria, % loss of correction, mobilization time and complications if any were collected, analyzed, compared in anterior-v/s-posterior approaches. Results: The mean age in anterior-approach was 36.03 and 39.83 years in posterior. Mean operative time in anterior-approach was 6.11 and 5 h in posterior. Mean blood loss of 1.6 L in anterior approach and 1.11 L in posterior. Mean preoperative kyphosis angle in posterior-approach was 34.803°and 11.286° (P < 0.001) at 3 months postopandtotal correction of 67.216%. Mean preoperative kyphosis angle in anterior-approach was 41.154° and 9.498° at 3 months postopandtotal correction of 77.467% (P < 0.001). Mean loss of correction at 1 year was 4.186°in posterior-approach and 6.184°in anterior. The mean time for fusion was 4.69 months in anterior-approach while 6.34 months in posterior as per Bridwell criteria. Meantime for mobilization in posterior-approach was 1.18 and 2.51 weeks in anterior. Significant improvement in neurology was seen in patients operated by either approach, slightly better in anterior. Complications were more in posterior-approach. Conclusions: Anterior-approach allows for thorough debridement, neural decompression, better anterior column reconstruction, and deformity correction under direct vision than posterior. Direct cord visualization while correcting kyphosis reduces the chances of neurological complications significantly. Both approaches have unique advantages and limitations. Though the posterior approach is easy to master, results shown by the anterior cannot be overseen. To conclude, better functional outcome and significantly better kyphosis correction are seen with anterior-approach, which are strong pointers favoring it.
Adult Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Meningitis in Qatar: Clinical Characteristics and Therapeutic Outcomes

Background and Objectives: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have emerged as a major pathogen in nosocomial meningitis. This study was designed to describe the clinical profile, laboratory parameters, treatment, and outcomes of CoNS meningitis in patients admitted to Hamad General Hospital, Qatar. Materials and Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study described the patients with CoNS meningitis from 2009 to 2013. Results: Twelve patients were recruited for the study, of which there were 10 (83.3%) males and 2 (16.7%) females with a median age of 39 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 29–46 years). Fever was the most common presenting symptom being present in all patients, followed by mental alterations 7 (58.3%). All CoNS meningitis cases in this study were nosocomially acquired after neurosurgery and in most cases after external ventricular drain (EVD) insertion. The median time between the procedure and acquisition of infection was 13 days (IQR: 10–15.7 days). The isolated species include 8 (66.7%) Staphylococcus epidermidis, 2 (16.7%) Staphylococcus capitis, and 2 (16.7%) Staphylococcus haemolyticus. All CoNS isolates were sensitive to vancomycin while 75% of them were oxacillin resistance. In the eight patients with EVDs, the infected EVDs were removed, while all patients received empirical antibiotics involving mainly vancomycin and ceftriaxone that were modified upon receipt of culture results. All patients were cured, and no mortality was reported. Conclusions: CoNS meningitis is a recognized complication related to the introduction of neurosurgical devices. Because of its nonspecific clinical presentation, treating physicians should have a high suspicion index. If CoNS meningitis is highly suspected, vancomycin is the empirical treatment of choice while awaiting results of sensitivity.
Performance-Graded Binder Specification for Surface Treatments

Surface treatments have been used by many government agencies as part of their maintenance and rehabilitation programs to improve surface quality and extend the service life of pavements. Traditional specifications for surface treatment binders have failed to characterize materials across the entire spectrum of temperatures experienced during production and construction and in-service and required properties that were not directly related to performance. The Superior Performing Asphalt Pavements (Superpave®) or performance-graded (PG) asphalt binder specification was developed in the 1990s to measure binder properties directly related to hot-mix asphalt concrete (HMAC) performance. This specification included material characterization at low, intermediate, and high temperatures. Direct application of the PG binder specification to binders used in surface treatments is not appropriate because of differences between surface treatments and HMAC with regard to distress types, construction methods, and exposure to environmental conditions. A performance-based specification system for surface treatment binders was developed that maximizes the use of existing equipment required in the PG system for HMAC binders. This new surface performance grading (SPG) specification assumes appropriate design and construction practices and considers only binder properties after construction. The SPG was developed based on the identification of common distresses and the analysis of physical properties at multiple temperatures of surface treatment binders that correlate to these distresses. The final SPG includes limiting values for high-and low-surface pavement design temperatures. Implementation of the SPG specification is recommended after a field validation experiment.
Global plant‐frugivore trait matching is shaped by climate and biogeographic history

Species interactions are influenced by the trait structure of local multi-trophic communities. However, it remains unclear whether mutualistic interactions in particular can drive trait patterns at the global scale, where climatic constraints and biogeographic processes gain importance. Here we evaluate global relationships between traits of frugivorous birds and palms (Arecaceae), and how these relationships are affected, directly or indirectly, by assemblage richness, climate and biogeographic history. We leverage a new and expanded gape size dataset for nearly all avian frugivores, and find a positive relationship between gape size and fruit size, i.e., trait matching, which is influenced indirectly by palm richness and climate. We also uncover a latitudinal gradient in trait matching strength, which increases towards the tropics and varies among zoogeographic realms. Taken together, our results suggest trophic interactions have consistent influences on trait structure, but that abiotic, biogeographic and richness effects also play important, though sometimes indirect, roles in shaping the functional biogeography of mutualisms.
Role Models and Migration Intensions

Role models—those individuals who resemble us but have achieved more than us— are thought to impact our aspirations. In this paper, we study the impact of role models on intentions to migrate. Specifically, we implement a randomized controlled trial to show documentaries in rural villages of Mali (Kayes region). These documentaries focus on economic opportunities and show either negative or positive portraits of migrants, or portraits of local people who have successfully set up flourishing businesses without ever considering migration. This paper adds to the larger debate about the efficiency of information provision. We find very few significant impacts, none of which hold when attrition is controlled for using nonparametric Lee bounds. We also implement a treatment heterogeneity analysis using a causal forest algorithm, which aside from confirming our average treatment effects suggests the presence of heterogeneity. It appears that individuals with living conditions that could facilitate migration are less likely to be significantly impacted. The high aspirations to improve living conditions, coupled with a strong feeling of lack of control over the future may help explaining the fact that confrontations with real life experiences do not significantly modify average aspirations to migrate.
"In others we trust": Finland and Norway – High Trust Societies in the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the Covid-19 pandemic, trust has been identified as a key mechanism in pandemic containment. Norway and Finland, two Nordic countries with high trust scores, are cited as best-practice examples. In a qualitative research project on the theoretical construct of caring economics conducted by the author, the deep societal anchoring of trust and integrity has been confirmed in both countries. Based on the empirical example of the Nordic countries, the concept of caring economics emphasizes partnerism and thereby the real wealth of nations. Dugnad/Dugnadsånd, which refers to collective effort, is a trust-based Norwegian type of commons and commoning that can be regarded as an intersection with caring economics. Dugnad/Dugnadsånd integrates the various notions of interpersonal, system, and institutional trust, and thus widely supports mechanisms of pandemic control.
Numerical Study of Shunting Effect in Three-steel Sheets Resistance Spot Welding

The main purpose of the present research is to investigate the shunting phenomenon in a three-sheet RSW joint using finite element simulation. To this end, a three-sheet resistance spot welding joint was simulated as an electrical-thermal-mechanical coupling problem. To validate the presented simulation, the finite element results were compared with the experimental results, including nugget size and geometric shape in the resistance spot welding joint. Afterwards, the multi-spot welds of three-sheet low carbon steels with the same thicknesses were analyzed considering the sequential distance of 45 mm. Various techniques, including new spot-weld diameter measurement, electrical current density, electrical contact conductivity, and electrode displacement, were used to study shunting effects in the process of consecutive spot welds. The results obtained from different methods have greatly matched each other. Also, finite element results indicated that the assumption of neglecting the sheet deformation effect for low intervals between consecutive spot welds is acceptable. However, it is necessary to consider sheet deformation for distance intervals more than 45 mm.
Curb-Parking Problems: Overview

The curb-parking problem has been longstanding and pervasive. Since the advent of the motor vehicle, there has been much discussion on where parking should be provided, and whether it should be parallel or angle. Transportation engineers have long believed that curb parking generally should be eliminated along arterials during peak traffic, and that angle parking should be provided only on local streets. However, within the past 25 years, some urban and transport planners have indicated that curb parking may be desirable as part of the new urbanism, and that angle parking may be appropriate as a means of calming traffic. This paper presents the traditional transportation engineering perspective, synthesizes the various operational and safety studies, and documents key findings and conclusions.
Cognitive variables associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with cancer: A five‐year follow‐up study

Patients with cancer are at increased risk of developing symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, data on the variables associated with these symptoms in the long term are scant. This study aims to evaluate rumination and thought suppression as explanatory variables of depressive and anxiety symptoms at one‐ and five‐year follow‐up in patients diagnosed with cancer.
Field trial of aqueous and petroleum ether extracts of Monodora myristica (gaertn) dunal and Jatropha curcas l. for the control of okra flea beetles, Podagrica spp.

Field experiment was conducted at the Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, to evaluate the field performance of 5% aqueous and 5% petroleum ether extract of seeds of Monodora mysristica (Gaertn.) Dunal and Jatropha curcas L. for the control of flea beetle, Podagrica spp. , on okra variety, NHAE 47-4. A synthetic pyrethoid, lamdacyhalothrin at 25g a.i/ha was incorporated in the study for comparison. The 5% petroleum ether extracts of the plant material and the lamdacyhalothrin significantly (P 5% MSPEE > 5% JSPEE > 5% MSAE > 5% JSAE > control. It was concluded that the plant extract showed good prospects for the control of Podagrica spp infestation on okra, especially the petroleum ether extracts. It is suggested that higher dosages, better formulations and closer spray regimes may enhance their effectiveness. Journal of Applied Chemistry and Agricultural Research Vol. 6 1999: pp. 100-104
Violation of Hemispheric Symmetry in Integrated Poynting Flux via an Empirical Model

For southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during local summer, the hemispherically integrated Poynting flux estimated by FAST‐satellite‐derived empirical models is significantly larger for the northern hemisphere (NH) than for the southern hemisphere (SH). In order to test whether the difference is statistically significant, the model uncertainties have been estimated by dividing the data sets for each hemisphere into two nonintersecting sets, and separately constructing the model using each of the four sets. The model uncertainty appears to be smaller than the estimated asymmetry. The asymmetry is mostly absent when the IMF is northward, except there is some evidence that it may actually reverse during local winter. The phenomena is coupled with what appears to be a more distinct two‐cell convection pattern in the NH, and a possibly greater cusp contribution in the SH. All this suggests an effect of magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling, probably related to asymmetries in Earth's geomagnetic field.
Furfural analysis for assessing degradation of thermally upgraded papers in transformer insulation

Furfural analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has gained increasing favor as a means of estimating degradation of insulating papers in power transformers. We have studied this technique in some detail as applied to thermally upgraded kraft papers. Significant differences in the results for papers of several manufacturers were found, which could influence diagnosis after extended operation. As a result, we believe that the current practice of simply identifying a transformer as manufactured with common or thermally upgraded paper will not be enough to interpret results at a later date. A detailed identification of the paper, and information on its accelerated aging behaviour should be kept on record.
Representation of skew in time-stepped two-dimensional finite-element models of electrical machines

The authors outline a technique which enables two-dimensional finite-element analysis to be applied to skewed machines. It involves representing the continuous skewing in a series of discrete steps. Each step may be modelled in two dimensions. The model has been applied to a salient-pole synchronous generator and to a cage induction motor. It is shown that the model is successful in removing phantom slot-ripples from the current and voltage waveforms. <<ETX>>
Temporal dynamics, patterns and correlates of single and multimorbidity in India, 1994–2018

Objective As a consequence of the epidemiological transition, multimorbidity has been identified as a critical public health challenge in India. The majority of the studies in the domain are grounded on hospital-based data or are based on small sample size, findings from which can only be generalized to a specific sub-group. These studies recommend exploring multimorbidity holistically at a national level to ensure adequate healthcare management in the country. Therefore, the present study examines the pattern and correlates of single and multimorbidity over the past two decades in India. Methods The study utilized data on 397901, 257519, and 399705 individuals from 52nd (1994–1995), 60th (2004–2005), and 75th (2018) rounds of cross-sectional data from the National Sample Survey (NSS). Univariate, bivariate, and multivariable statistical methods were applied to draw inferences from the data. The findings depict an increase in single and multimorbidity burden over individuals’ age and NSS rounds. Results Hypertension and diabetes were the fastest-growing morbidities over time. Higher education, urban residence, and belonging to an affluent class were significantly associated with both single and multimorbidity occurrence over time. Conclusion The burden of single and multimorbidity increases over time among India’s older adults. Therefore, there is an urgent need to recuperate chronic disease management strategies for older adults in the Indian healthcare infrastructure.