Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Baseline Cognitive Performance Moderates the Effects of Physical Activity on Executive Functions in Children

Findings regarding the effects of regular physical activity on cognition in children have been inconsistent due to a number of demographic factors and experimental considerations. The present study was designed to examine baseline cognitive performance and executive function demands, as possible factors underlying the lack of consensus in the literature, by investigating the moderating role of those factors on the effects of physical activity on cognition. We reanalyzed data from three randomized controlled trials, in which the effects of regular physical activity intervention on cognition were examined using executive function tasks that included at least two task conditions requiring variable executive function demands, with a cumulative total of 292 participants (9–13 years). The results indicate that cognitive improvements resulting from physical activity intervention were greater in children with lower baseline cognitive performance. The main analysis revealed that beneficial effects of physical activity intervention on cognitive performance were generally observed across executive function conditions. However, secondary analyses indicated that these general effects were moderated by baseline performance, with disproportionately greater effects for task conditions with higher executive function demands. These findings suggest that baseline cognitive performance is an individual difference variable that moderates the beneficial effects of physical activity on executive functions.
Comparison of Microhabitat Conditions at Nest Sites Between Eastern (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) and Rio Grande Wild Turkeys (M. g. intermedia) in Northeastern South Dakota

Abstract Rio Grande wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo intermedia) were trapped in Oklahoma and released in northeastern South Dakota during the early 1970s. Based on wintering counts, this population peaked at over 1000 birds in the mid 1980s, but steadily declined to <200 in 1996. This decline prompted the introduction of eastern wild turkeys (M. g. silvestris), which were indigenous to southeastern South Dakota, as a replacement subspecies. We compared nest site characteristics of translocated eastern wild turkeys with those of established Rio Grande wild turkeys. Over a 2 y period we radio-marked 23 eastern females, and 21 Rio Grande females. Eastern females initiated 45 nests, whereas Rio Grande females initiated 41 nests. Vegetation type selection for nest sites (e.g., woodland, grassland and shrub) did not differ between Rio Grande and eastern wild turkeys (P = 0.96). However, turkey nest sites (subspecies pooled) differed from paired reference sites by having: (1) more nest sites directly under shrubs (P < 0.001) within woodlands and shrublands, (2) more trees within 1 m of the nest bowl (P = 0.001) in woodlands and (3) greater cover above the nest bowl (P = 0.007) within grasslands and shrublands. Frequency of vegetation types selected by female wild turkeys of both subspecies as nest sites differed (P = 0.001) from the frequency of vegetation types randomly sampled. Although shrub vegetation types were least available, females selected shrub vegetation types (primarily western snowberry [Symphoricarpos occidentalis]) for the majority (53%) of nest initiations. Other nests were divided between woodlands (27%) and grasslands (20%). Nest success was not correlated with vegetation type.
Could Anti‐Hypertensive Drug Therapy Affect the Clinical Prognosis of Hypertensive Patients With COVID‐19 Infection? Data From Centers of Southern Italy

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is the cause of a pandemic disease, with severe acute respiratory syndrome by binding target epithelial lung cells through angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in humans. Thus, patients with hypertension with COVID‐19 could have worse prognosis. Indeed, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers may interfere with angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 expression/activity. Thus, patients with hypertension undergoing angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor and/or angiotensin receptor blockers drug therapy may be at a higher risk of contracting a serious COVID‐19 infection and should be monitored. Moreover, in the present study we investigated the effects of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor versus angiotensin receptor blockers versus calcium channel blockers on clinical outcomes as mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admissions, heart injury, and death in 62 patients with hypertension hospitalized for COVID‐19 infection. METHODS AND RESULTS The multicenter study was prospectively conducted at Department of Infectious Diseases of Sant'Anna Hospital of Caserta, and of University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" of Naples, at Department of Advanced Surgical and Medical Sciences of University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, and at General Medical Assistance Unit "FIMG," Naples, Italy. Lowest values of left ventricle ejection fraction predicted deaths (1.142, 1.008–1.294, P<0.05), while highest values of interleukin‐6 predicted the admission to intensive care unit (1.617, 1.094–2.389), mechanical ventilation (1.149, 1.082–1.219), heart injuries (1.367, 1.054–1.772), and deaths (4.742, 1.788–8.524). CONCLUSIONS Anti‐hypertensive drugs didn't affect the prognosis in patients with COVID‐19. Consequently, tailored anti‐inflammatory and immune therapies in addition to chronic antihypertensive therapy, could prevent a worse prognosis, as well as improve the clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension with COVID‐19 infection.
The Inflammasome Adaptor Protein ASC in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by memory loss in the absence of dementia and is considered the translational stage between normal aging and early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Patients with MCI have a greater risk of advancing to AD. Thus, identifying early markers of MCI has the potential to increase the therapeutic window to treat and manage the disease. Protein levels of the inflammasome signaling proteins apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and interleukin (IL)-18 were analyzed in the serum of patients with MCI, AD and healthy age-matched donors as possible biomarkers, as well as levels of soluble amyloid precursor proteins α/β (sAPP α/β) and neurofilament light (NfL). Cut-off points and positive and negative predictive values, as well as receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, likelihood ratios and accuracy were determined for these proteins. Although the levels of ASC were higher in MCI and AD than in age-matched controls, protein levels of ASC were higher in MCI than in AD cases. For control vs. MCI, the area under the curve (AUC) for ASC was 0.974, with a cut-off point of 264.9 pg/mL. These data were comparable to the AUC for sAPP α and β of 0.9687 and 0.9068, respectively, as well as 0.7734 for NfL. Moreover, similar results were obtained for control vs. AD and MCI vs. AD. These results indicate that ASC is a promising biomarker of MCI and AD.
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum OLP-01 Supplementation during Endurance Running Training Improves Exercise Performance in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners: A Double-Blind Controlled Trial

Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Olympic No. 1 (OLP-01) has been shown in previous animal experiments to improve exercise endurance performance, but this effect has not been confirmed in humans, or more particularly, in athletes. Toward this end, the current study combined OLP-01 supplementation with regular exercise training in well-trained middle- and long-distance runners at the National Taiwan Sport University. The study was designed as a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment. Twenty-one subjects (14 males and seven females aged 20–30 years) were evenly distributed according to total distance (meters) traveled in 12 min to one of the following two groups: a placebo group (seven males and three females) and an OLP-01 (1.5 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU)/day) group (seven males and four females). All the participants received placebo or OLP-01 supplements for five consecutive weeks consisting of three weeks of regular training and two weeks of de-training. Before and after the experiment, the participants were tested for 12-min running/walking distance, and body composition, blood/serum, and fecal samples were analyzed. The results showed that OLP-01 significantly increased the change in the 12-min Cooper’s test running distance and the abundance of gut microbiota. Although no significant change in body composition was found, OLP-01 caused no adverse reactions or harm to the participants’ bodies. In summary, OLP-01 can be used as a sports nutrition supplement, especially for athletes, to improve exercise performance.
EXPLOITATION OF Beauveria bassiana AND Metarhizium anisopliaeAS POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL AGENTS IN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) ON CITRUS

Studies were conducted on white muscardine fungus, Beauveria bassiana and green muscardine fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae to exploit their potentiality for using in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) on citrus. The result of survey, collection, isolation and domestication determined sixteen isolates of B. bassiana and nineteen isolates of M. anisopliae in Can Tho and Vinh Long. Ten good isolates were selected, in which, two isolates of B. bassiana such as B.b (VL 3-RMCQ), B.b (CT 11 -RMCQ) and two isolates of M. anisopliae such as M.a (VL 2-RMCQ), M.a (CT 15 -RCC) had high effectiveness to black citrus aphid and citrus pyrilla in Greenhouse tests. Two bioinsecticides which produced from M.a (CT 15 -RCC) isolate and B.b (VL 3-RMCQ) isolate had very high effectiveness to black citrus aphid and citrus pyrilla in Greenhouse tests as well as the field experiments. Laboratory assessment of safety of M.a (CT 15 -RCC) and B.b (VL 3-RMCQ) bioinsecticides indicated that direct conidial application at a concentration 10 7 conidia/ml of M.a (CT 15 -RCC) or B.b (VL 3- RMCQ) had no adverse effects on the predatory potential of Lynx spider, Oxyopes sp . Both these bioinsecticides got very high efficiency on management of black citrus aphid, citrus pyrilla and citrus leafminer when they were applied in the models of 50 ha in Can Tho city and Vinh Long province. The economic efficiency was compared between demonstration garden, which was applied with the bioinsecticide M.a (CT15-RCC) /B.b (VL3-RMCQ), and the control garden, which was done with chemical insecticides periodically. It was indicated that net profit from the demonstration garden was higher than that from the control garden, with VND 2,834,000 /ha for the model of four-year-old King orange in Tam Binh (Vinh Long province). It also gained VND 3,915,000 for the model of five to six-year-old orange in Phong Dien (Can Tho city), and VND 4,217,000 for the model of five to six - year - old Nam Roi pomelo in Binh Minh (Vinh Long province ��
A Combination of FAIMS, Protein A Depletion, and Native Digest Conditions Enables Deep Proteomic Profiling of Host Cell Proteins in Monoclonal Antibodies.

Host cell proteins (HCPs) are residual impurities generated by the expression cell line during the production of biopharmaceuticals. Although the majority of these contaminants are removed during purification, HCPs can represent a considerable risk to the efficacy and safety of a therapeutic protein if not actively monitored. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is commonly used throughout production to monitor HCP levels but has limited ability to identify novel HCPs or provide detailed quantification. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS2) methods are increasingly being used in conjunction with established ELISA techniques to provide rapid adaptability to increasingly complex samples as well as highly quantitative and informative results. However, MS-based methods are still hindered by the large dynamic range between high abundance biopharmaceutical proteins and low abundance HCPs. Here, we propose a multifactorial approach designed to optimize HCP detection in purified monoclonal antibody samples with LC-MS2. By first depleting the sample of antibody on a protein A column, then specifically digesting HCPs while precipitating remaining antibody, and finally reducing spectral complexity through compensation voltage (CV) switching using high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), we identified multiple-fold more HCPs in the NIST monoclonal antibody standard than any single established mass spectrometry technique reported in literature. Our analyses consistently identified over 600 high confidence mouse HCPs, a multi-fold increase over established methods, while maintaining high reproducibility.
Textural and structural changes of dehydrofreeze-thawed strawberry slices: Effects of different dehydration pretreatments / Cambios texturales y estructurales de rodajas de fresa deshidratadas y descongeladas: Efectos de diferentes pretratamientos de deshidratación

Partial removal of water through air dehydration, dewatering-impregnation-soaking in concentrated solutions (DIS) or their combination, has been applied to strawberry slices before freezing in order to reduce structural cullapse after thawing. The changes produced at the structural level have been studied through both texture and microscopic analysis, so defining the structure-texture relation ships in the freeze-thawed fruit. Tissues subjected to DIS in a 60% (w/w) glucose solution for 4 hours at room temperature showed structural damage to the cell walls and cell ruptures, which are in agree ment with the observed decrease of texture. After thawing, the pre-dehydrated strawberry slices showed a much better tissue organization than the strawberry frozen without pretreatment. Air dry ing and the combination DIS-air drying gave the highest texture improvement of the fruit after thaw ing. A good agreement was obtained between structural and textural changes observed after both pre-dehydration and freeze-thawing of strawberry slices.
Measurements of sublethal effects on individual organisms indicate community-level impacts of pollution

Summary 1 Due to the cost and complexity of sampling biological communities, surrogate biological measures or concentrations of toxic contaminants are often used to indicate environmental impacts. Such indicators can be powerful tools, but their effectiveness requires evaluation. Mussels are widely used as bioindicators of environmental contamination. For example, physiological measurements on live mussels form the basis of scope for growth (SFG), an integrated indicator of environmental stress. However, the effectiveness of SFG as an indicator of community level effects has rarely been tested in the field. 2 In this study of six sites on the west coast of the UK, the diversity of macrofaunal communities associated with mussels was reduced at sites with low SFG ( 15 J g−1 h−1). At smaller scales, variation in community structure was related to biomass of mussels, mass of coarse sediments and the fractal dimension of the surface of the mussel bed. 3 We measured hydrocarbon contamination as a first step in identifying contaminants that might underpin the relationship between SFG and diversity. Unresolved complex mixtures (UCM) are often the most abundant hydrocarbon contaminants in the environment, but have, until recently, been largely ignored. We found generally good accordance between UCM concentration in mussel tissues, SFG and diversity, but other pollutants are also likely to be involved. 4 Synthesis and applications. Our findings illustrate the complexity of relating changes in diversity to synoptic or sublethal measures of environmental stress in the field. However, the results represent a significant step towards a biotic indicator of environmental quality that integrates impacts across a range of levels of biological organization (from intra-individual to community). Such indicators may be of particular value in the implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive in Europe and similar environmental legislation elsewhere.
Deep Neural Networks for Dental Implant System Classification

In this study, we used panoramic X-ray images to classify and clarify the accuracy of different dental implant brands via deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with transfer-learning strategies. For objective labeling, 8859 implant images of 11 implant systems were used from digital panoramic radiographs obtained from patients who underwent dental implant treatment at Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Japan, between 2005 and 2019. Five deep CNN models (specifically, a basic CNN with three convolutional layers, VGG16 and VGG19 transfer-learning models, and finely tuned VGG16 and VGG19) were evaluated for implant classification. Among the five models, the finely tuned VGG16 model exhibited the highest implant classification performance. The finely tuned VGG19 was second best, followed by the normal transfer-learning VGG16. We confirmed that the finely tuned VGG16 and VGG19 CNNs could accurately classify dental implant systems from 11 types of panoramic X-ray images.
Higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is associated with better prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide; its morbidity and mortality have both recently increased. Lately, the role played by the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the development of HCC has attracted attention. However, the exact relationship is not fully understood. A total of 538 participants diagnosed with HCC were recruited between 2010 and 2018. Their relevant routine blood parameters were measured, including NLR. Pearson Chi-Squared test, Spearman Rho test, and logistic regression analysis were performed to explore any correlations between NLR and HCC. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the usefulness of NLR for predicting HCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis for relevant routine blood parameters and any relationships with overall survival (OS) were performed. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to explore any further relationships with OS. NLR was significantly correlated with HCC tumor size by Pearson Chi-Squared test (P = .008). Furthermore, Spearman correlation coefficient showed that HCC tumor size was significantly correlated with NLR (P = .115, P = .008). NLR could sensitively and specifically predict HCC tumor size (area under the curve [AUC], 0.605; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.429–0.743; P = .000). Higher NLR in patients with HCC was correlated with better OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.584; P = .000). A close correlation existed between increased NLR and HCC; NLR could sensitively and specifically predict HCC. High NLR might be an independent protective factor in the prognosis of patients with HCC.
Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with old age and underlying conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. ICH patients are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and develop serious complications as a result of infection. The pathophysiology of ICH patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection includes viral invasion, dysfunction of the ACE2–Ang (1–7)–MasR and ACE–Ang II–AT1R axes, overactive immune response, cytokine storm, and excessive oxidative stress. These patients have high morbidity and mortality due to hyaline membrane formation, respiratory failure, neurologic deficits, and multiple organ failure.
How to Predict Difficult Tracheal Intubation: The Application of Acromio-axillo-suprasternal Notch Index

Background: The incidence of difficult laryngoscopy or tracheal intubation is high, which needs a method to predict the difficulty of tracheal intubation to decrease the rate of complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate acromio-axillo-suprasternal notch index (AASI) method for predicting difficult tracheal intubation and difficult laryngoscopy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and diagnostic value study was performed on 108 patients who had indication for endotracheal intubation in the emergency department. Before endotracheal intubation, AASI was evaluated in all patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and total accuracy for predicting the power of AASI for the difficulty of tracheal intubation were measured. Results: Based on Cormack and Lehane grading system, 54 patients had easy endotracheal intubation (33.3% Grade I and 66.6% Grade II) and 52 patients had difficult endotracheal intubation (57.7% Grade III and 32.7% Grade IV). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy for AASI in cutoff point 0.515 for predicting difficulty of endotracheal intubation with 0.857 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 84.6%, 77.7%, 78.5%, 84%, and 81.13%, respectively. Conclusions: Our results showed that predicting difficulty of endotracheal intubation by AASI is accurate and with high sensitivity and specificity values, therefore, training this method to emergency physicians should be considered in our country or other countries. Further studies are required to confirm our findings.
Skeletal Muscle and the Effects of Ammonia Toxicity in Fish, Mammalian, and Avian Species: A Comparative Review Based on Molecular Research

Typically, mammalian and avian models have been used to examine the effects of ammonia on skeletal muscle. Hyperammonemia causes sarcopenia or muscle wasting, in mammals and has been linked to sarcopenia in liver disease patients. Avian models of skeletal muscle have responded positively to hyperammonemia, differing from the mammalian response. Fish skeletal muscle has not been examined as extensively as mammalian and avian muscle. Fish skeletal muscle shares similarities with avian and mammalian muscle but has notable differences in growth, fiber distribution, and response to the environment. The wide array of body sizes and locomotion needs of fish also leads to greater diversity in muscle fiber distribution and growth between different fish species. The response of fish muscle to high levels of ammonia is important for aquaculture and quality food production but has not been extensively studied to date. Understanding the differences between fish, mammalian and avian species’ myogenic response to hyperammonemia could lead to new therapies for muscle wasting due to a greater understanding of the mechanisms behind skeletal muscle regulation and how ammonia effects these mechanisms. This paper provides an overview of fish skeletal muscle and ammonia excretion and toxicity in fish, as well as a comparison to avian and mammalian species.