Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of pKa and redox properties in the thioredoxin superfamily

Electrostatic interactions play important roles in diverse biological phenomena controlling the function of many proteins. Polar molecules can be studied with the FDPB method solving the Poisson‐Boltzmann equation on a finite difference grid. A method for the prediction of pKas and redox potentials in the thioredoxin superfamily is introduced. The results are compared with experimental pKa data where available, and predictions are made for members lacking such data. Studying CxxC motif variation in the context of different background structures permits analysis of contributions to cysteine ΔpKas. The motif itself and the overall framework regulate pKa variation. The reported method includes generation of multiple side‐chain rotamers for the CxxC motif and is an effective predictive tool for functional pKa variation across the superfamily. Redox potential follows the trend in cysteine pKa variation, but some residual discrepancy indicates that a pH‐independent factor plays a role in determining redox potentials for at least some members of the superfamily. A possible molecular basis for this feature is discussed.
Competition and R&D Financing: Evidence From the Biopharmaceutical Industry

Abstract The interaction between product market competition, R&D investment, and the financing choices of R&D-intensive firms on the development of innovative products is only partially understood. We hypothesize that as competition increases, R&D-intensive firms will: i) increase R&D investment relative to existing assets in place; ii) carry more cash; and iii) maintain less net debt. Using the Hatch–Waxman Act as an exogenous shock to competition, we provide causal evidence supporting these hypotheses through a differences-in-differences analysis that exploits differences between the biopharma industry and other industries, and heterogeneity within the biopharma industry. We also explore how these changes affect innovative output.
Future Research for Promoting Tea Tourism in Rural Areas of Guilan Province, Iran

Purpose-This study follows three major purposes including recognizing the input variables in the development of tea tourism in rural areas of Guilan (Gilan) Province, Iran, and identifying the less strategic and dependent variables for promoting tea tourism in the case study of rural areas of Guilan Province . Design/methodology/approach-Structural analysis in a foresight study was used in this paper. Firstly, the researchers recognized the key variables for promoting tea tourism in destinations with the help of the systematic literature review method and the extraction variables were categorized in two codes as tourism facilities and services with tea theme, and policy-making for promoting tea tourism . Finding-The results of structural analysis through Micmac software identified the following variables as influence variables for tea tourism facilities and services: being familiar with tea processing, establishing tea tasting centres, holding tea ceremonies and tea cultural events, and being familiar with tea cuisine. Furthermore, visiting tea gardens and sightseeing, presenting tea culture performances, developing tea museums, creating an innovative tea package, establishing a tea shop/tea auction center, participating in picking tea leaves, and establishing tea restaurants, hotels and accommodations are known as dependent variables. Moreover, according to the direct influence graph adding tea tourism to tour packages and visiting tea factories were recognized as less strategic variables for development of tea tourism facilities and services. In addition, organizing top to bottom level training and a comprehensive policy framework for tea tourism have the most impact on the system and were identified as input variables for policy-making for promoting tea tourism . Practical implications-Analyzing data through Micmac software illustrated that local participation, preserving the environment ecosystem, developing network activities and training tour guides for tea tourism are dependent variables for policy-making for promoting tea tourism. Lastly, accessibility and marketing are excluded as independent variables for policy-making for promoting tea tourism .
Found and Lost Languages: A Survey of the Past and Current Situation of Botswana Ethic and Linguistic Communities

Botswana is blessed with 26 languages and ethnic communities and RETENG (the Multicultural Coalition for Botswana) (2015) considers this situation as reason to celebrate the country’s rich cultural and language diversity. Isaac Schapera in his seminal study The Ethnic Composition of the Tswana (1952) indicates that within the Tswana tribal reserves existed other ethnic groups which were either subsumed under the Tswana or were in territories that were otherwise designated Crown Lands, such as the Central Kalahari Game Reserve. Accordingly therefore, the groups with territorial and linguistic recognition were the Tswana or Setswana-speaking. At independence, the same situation was perpetuated. Education Policy practices also ensured that ethnic languages such as Lozi and Kalanga were abandoned in early education. Other ethnic groups and languages such as Shiyeyi, Subiya, and various Khoisan languages, Afrikaans, Nama, OtjiHerero, ThiMbkukushu, Ndebele, Setswapong and Sebirwa were completely overlooked territorially and linguistically. The objective of this paper is to provide an update on the situation of Botswana ethnic and linguistic communities since Independence in 1966 and discuss their vitality within the current Botswana languages use practices. It will also examine whether, in the 50 years of their absence in offi cial social policy to promote them, they managed to survive. The language situation analysis frameworks expounded by Batibo (2005 and 2015) will be used to discuss the likely consequences of Botswana language use policy for the posterity of the country’s languages. Only English will be shown to benefi t in this sociolinguistic situation.
Research on Earth rotation and geodynamics in Poland in 2019–2022

: This paper summarizes the activity of the chosen Polish geodetic research teams in 2019–2022 in the ﬁelds of the Earth rotation and geodynamics. This publication has been prepared for the needs of the presentation of Polish scientists’ activities on the 28th International Union of Geodesy and Geodynamics General Assembly, Berlin, Germany. The part concerning Earth rotation is mostly focused on the estimation of the geophysical excitation of polar motion using data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its follow-on (GRACE-FO) missions, and on the improvement of the determination of Earth rotation parameters based on the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS), and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellite techniques. The part concerning geodynamics is focused on geodetic time series analysis for geodynamical purposes and monitoring of the vertical ground movements induced by mass transport within the Earth’s system, monitoring of the crustal movements using GNSS and newly applied Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), discussing the changes of the landslides and its monitoring using geodetic methods as well as investigations of seismic events and sea-level changes with geodetic methods. Finally, the recent research activities carried out by Polish scientists in the international projects is presented.
rumi-Effect of dietary phytate on phosphorus digestibility in dairy cows 1

The objective was to evaluate the effect of dietary phytate P (Pp) supply on ruminal and postruminal Pp digestion and net disappearance of P from the lower digestive tract of lactating cows. Six ruminally and ile-ally cannulated crossbred lactating cows were used in 2 incomplete Latin squares with four 21-d periods (17 d of diet adaptation, 4 d of total collection). Dietary treatments were low Pp, medium Pp, and high Pp, and a high inorganic P (Pi) diet with the same total P content as the highest Pp diet but with P mostly from inorganic sources. The diets contained 0.10, 0.18, 0.29, and 0.11% Pp and 0.43, 0.48, 0.54, and 0.53% total P on a dry matter basis, with cottonseed meal used to increase Pp content. Ytterbium-labeled corn silage and Co-EDTA were used as particulate and liquid phase markers to measure omasal and ileal digesta flow. Omasal and ileal digesta were collected every 6 h on d 20 and 21 and rumen contents were collected on d 21. Samples were analyzed for total P (molybdo-vanadate yellow method), Pi (blue method), and Pp (high performance ion chromatography). Phytate P and total P intake increased linearly with increasing dietary Pp. Ruminal Pp disappearance also increased linearly with dietary Pp but the magnitude of change was small. Small intestinal net disappearance of Pi was not affected by dietary Pp. Phytate P was hydrolyzed in the large intestine but its hydrolysis was not influenced by dietary Pp. Net disappearance of Pi form the large intestine did not vary with dietary Pp. Dry matter digestibility decreased linearly with increasing dietary Pp, as did apparent digestion of P, and fecal P increased linearly. Dry matter digestibility was higher for high Pi than for high Pp, likely due to the effect of cottonseed meal in the latter diet. Replacing a portion of Pp with Pi resulted in decreased P excretion but this effect was confounded with increased fecal dry matter for the high-Pp (high-cottonseed meal) diet. In lactating cows Pp digestibility was not negatively influenced by dietary Pp and fecal P excretion was regulated by dietary total P rather than by form of dietary P.
Secure, Lossless, and Noise-resistive Image Encryption using Chaos, Hyper-chaos, and DNA Sequence Operation

ABSTRACT This paper proposes an image encryption scheme using the combination of chaos, hyper-chaos, and DNA sequence operation. The proposed scheme performs three stages of encryption operations. Those are selection-level hyper-chaotic sequence based DNA-shuffling operation, key-image based DNA-diffusion operation, and hyper-chaotic sequence based DNA-shuffling operation. The advantages of this scheme are higher key space, higher confusion or randomness of pixels, higher sensitivity to the keys and plaintext pixels, stronger resistivity to the noises, and lossless encryption and decryption. Moreover, selection-level hyper-chaotic sequence based DNA-shuffling operation generates more complexities in the confusion process which increases the strength of encryptions and decryptions. The computer simulation and security analyses confirm the good encryption results of the proposed scheme and strong resistivity to the commonly used attacks.
Merry Christmas and a “ Healthy ” New Year Assessing People ’ s Expectations Regarding Christmas Gathering in Pandemic Times

: Background : In November 2020, many European governments imposed severe limitations on social contacts and festive gatherings to avoid a further outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims : At the moment when it was still unclear whether Christmas gatherings would be allowed, the present vignette study was conducted to evaluate four hypothetical scenarios varying in restrictiveness (i.e., 1, 2, 4, or an unlimited number of visitors). Method : In total, 5,756 Belgian participants (65.7% female; M age = 45.6, range: 18 – 89) evaluated each scenario in terms of the perceived strictness, probability of adherence, and expected psychological advantages (i.e., autonomy, relatedness, pleasure) and disadvantages (i.e., concerns). Results : Evidence for a curvilinear pattern was found, such that the expected psychological benefits increased with an increasing number of allowed visitors till 4, with this effect being reversed in case of an unlimited gathering. Yet, these main effects were qualified: Older adults, those living together, and those scoring high on risk perception and autonomous motivation to adhere to the corona measures expected the more restrictive scenarios to be equally beneficial compared to the more relaxed scenarios. Limitations : Limitations are self-selection of the sample, no counterbalancing of the scenario ’ s and the vignette-based methodology. Conclusion : The present findings suggest that people ’ s risk perception and autonomous motivation are key to secure and stimulate the acceptance of life-restricting measures.
Vertical photo-enforced stratification for more damage resistant antifouling coatings

Fluorinated polymers have been proven to be a good option for antifouling coatings. However, these fluorinated coatings are in general very soft. This research proposes an effective method to reach vertical stratification in fluorinated (meth)acrylate coatings that enables an increase of the damage resistance while preserving the antifouling abilities of fluorinated coating. Using photo polymerization with a photo-absorber included in the system, a photo-enforced stratification along the thickness of the coating is obtained. A difference in volume fraction higher than 0.3 between the top and the bottom of the coating was achieved. Thus, this concentration profile enabled to tune the characteristics and mechanical properties in the bottom and the top of the coating. A 4-fold increase in storage modulus for the top of the coating was obtained. In conclusion, by using a light gradient within the coating it is possible to reach a vertical stratification through the thickness of the coating.
Statistics and Probability

We study the number of isolated nodes in a soft random geometric graph whose vertices constitute a Poisson process on the torus of length L (the line segment [ 0 , L ] with periodic boundary conditions), and where an edge is present between two nodes with a probability which depends on the distance between them. Edges between distinct pairs of nodes are mutually independent. In a suitable scaling regime, we show that the number of isolated nodes converges in total variation to a Poisson random variable. The result implies an upper bound on the probability that the random graph is connected. © 2022TheAuthor(s). PublishedbyElsevierB.V. ThisisanopenaccessarticleundertheCC BYlicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Stopover ecology of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) at coastal deltas of the Beaufort Sea, Alaska

Avian migration is one of the wonders of the natural world. Stored fats are the main source of nutrients and fuel for avian migration and it is assumed the fat deposition at stopover sites is a critical component of a successful migration. Stopover sites are crucial in the successful migration of many birds, but particularly for arctic-breeding shorebirds that migrate long distances from breeding to wintering grounds. Despite the importance of stopover sites, it is often difficult to determine the importance of these sites to migrating shorebirds. I investigated three aspects of stopover ecology of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) foraging at coastal deltas on the Beaufort Sea coast, Alaska. First, I quantified the spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of the benthic macroinvertebrate community living within the mudflats. I found that there were two ecological groups of macroinvertebrates using river deltas, one originated in terrestrial freshwater habitats and most importantly could withstand freezing in delta sediments over the winter, and the other originated from the marine environment, could not withstand freezing and had to migrate to intertidal habitats each summer from deeper water areas that did not freeze over the winter. Stable isotope analysis allowed me to describe the origin of carbon consumed by invertebrates in intertidal habitats. I predicted freshwater invertebrates would consume terrestrial carbon, and marine invertebrates would consume marine carbon, but I found that both groups utilized the same carbon, which was a mixture of terrestrial and marine sources. My second research question determined the importance of delta foraging habitat for fall migrating Semipalmated Sandpipers. I mapped the temporal distribution and abundance of birds and quantified this relationship to invertebrate distribution and abundance. I researched fattening rates of shorebirds by measuring triglycerides in the blood of shorebirds I captured. I hypothesized that triglyceride levels would be correlated
JOURNAL OF RESILIENT ECONOMIES

One of the serious problems faced by the Magelang District in developing villages that have been transformed into rural tourism in an effort to alleviate poverty is the socio-ecological crisis that threatens the goal of sustainable development. The dilemma of complex rural ecosystems is due to changes in the socio-ecological dimensions resulting from the interaction of material and energy exchanges between humans and their environment. The exploitation of nature in the name of tourism has become one of the short-term solutions for farming communities. As a result, problems such as natural damage to social conflicts occur in the village. This research aims to analyze the causes of the socio-ecological crisis and explore the Social System in Candirejo Village. Magelang Regency. The Social System seen from the perspective of constructivism will be measured and analyzed using three aspects of cybernetic reflection (Luhmann). The method used is case study qualitative research, and data is collected through in-depth interviews, FGDs, and observations. The results show that socio-ecological improvements also impact agents of change, extend the tourism season, increase community participation, align the visitor experience with Borobudur's reputation, and increase equitable access to tourism revenue opportunities, all of which strengthen the socio-ecological field.
Inﬂation Hedging on Main Street? Evidence from Retail TIPS Fund Flows ∗

We ﬁnd that households participating in ﬁnancial markets pay attention to inﬂation news in their investment decisions. A rise in market-based long-term inﬂation expectations is followed by retail in-ﬂows into ETFs and open-ended mutual funds holding Treasury Inﬂation-Protected Securities (TIPS), and retail outﬂows from nominal Treasury ETFs. Changes in market-based inﬂation expectations explain retail investor ﬂows better than survey-based measures, and changes in long-term expectations explain ﬂows better than short-term expectations. Retail ﬂows into TIPS funds are asymmetric, with strong reactions only to news of higher inﬂation, and sticky, with ﬂow responses to news gradually playing out over several months.
The interannual variability of tropical cyclone activity in the Southern South China Sea

A study of tropical storm activity in the Southern South China Sea region was carried out for the period of 1960 to 2006 using data obtained from the UNISYS website archive, which was provided to them from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JWTC) best track data. This study was motivated by two particularly costly storms that impacted Malaysia during the 1996 – 2001 period. This study demonstrated that November and December were the most active months for tropical cyclone activity in this region. A majority of these storms attained tropical storm intensity. Also, a majority of the tropical cyclones originated within the study area near Malaysia as opposed to moving into the area. The long term trend showed that there has been a slight increase in tropical cyclone activity in the region, but the trend was not statistically significant. A study of the interannual variability revealed that there was more (less) tropical cyclone activity in the region during La Niña (El Niño) years. Longer term variability, such as that related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, was not found in the analysis here. Using spectral methods confirms that there was significant El Niño-related variability in climatological quantities such as monthly sea surface temperatures or pressures. Finally, the background climatological state was examined in order to determine whether or not the atmosphere in the region was more conducive to tropical cyclone formation or maintenance during active years. It was found that the most active years were associated with warmer SSTs in the study region, relatively weak 200 – 850 hPa wind shear, a warm-core structure, more water vapor, and more cyclonic low-level relative vorticity, and these were all La Niña-type years. Non-active years were associated with weaker wind shear, less water vapor, and a more anticyclonic (vorticity) background, regardless of whether the SST’s were warmer or cooler, and most of these were El Niño-type years.
Adoption and use of ELearning in Tanzanian Higher Learning Institutions: A Structural Equation Model

Many higher learning Institutions (HLIs) in underdeveloped nations, especially in Tanzania, are not moving quickly enough to embrace eLearning. This study seeks to design a model for enhanced adoption and use of eLearning at Tanzanian higher learning Institutions. A quantitative cross-section survey design was used for data collection. Data were examined using SEM under AMOS software. The results showed that the level of eLearning adoption and use was significantly influenced by technological, user, pedagogical, social, and environmental factors. Based on this paper, policymakers and other stakeholders should embrace this model to give enough support for the adoption of eLearning and to enhance the performance in teaching and learning. To develop an appropriate, successful, effective, and long-lasting eLearning environment, decision makers can have a clear image of how to implement an appealing, conducive, and positive meaningful learning environment. As a result, the paper adds to the body of knowledge the factors (such as social, environmental, and human ones) that significantly affect the adoption of eLearning in Tanzania's HLIs. In addition, a model for the adoption and use of successful and improved eLearning in Tanzanian's HLIs and other countries with comparable features was developed and validated in the paper.
Magma mixing genesis of the Early Permian Liulian pluton at the northeastern margin of the Jiamusi massif in NE China:Evidences from petrography,geochronology and geochemistry

This paper reports petrographical,zircon U-Pb dating,whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotope data of the host granodiorites and mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs) from the Liulian pluton at the northeastern margin of the Jiamusi massif in NE China,with the aim of constraining formation time,petrogenesis,and tectonic setting of the pluton.The zircon U-Pb ages of 284Ma and 278Ma have been obtained from the host granodiorites and the hornblende-gabbros from MMEs,respectively,indicating that the Liulian pluton formed in Early Permian rather than previously believed late Indo-Chinese epoch.The MMEs display igneous-texture and some of them are characterized by plastic flow deformation.Quenched margin,back veins and acicular apatite can be found in some MMEs.The disequilibrium mineral associations or disequilibrium textures are developed in both MMEs and host granodiorites.Combined with the zircon U-Pb age and geochemical data,we can distinguish that Liulian pluton is the product of magma mixing in Early Permian.The whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic data show that the primary magma of the host granodiorite could be derived from partial melting of the mafic igneous rocks in the lower crust which originated from depleted mantle in Neoproterozoic,and the primary magma of MMEs was derived from the partial melting of the depleted mantle wedge that had been metasomatized by fluids released from a fossil subducted slab.Considering the spatial variation of coeval igneous rock associations and regional tectonic evolution,we conclude that the Early Permian Liulian pluton occurred in an active continental margin setting related to the westward subduction of Paleo-oceanic plate beneath the Jiamusi massif.