Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visualization of secondary flow in a corner of a channel

We report observation of secondary flow in one corner of developing channel air flow. Length of the channel, i.e. length of boundary layer, is 400 mm, which is 3.2 times the channel cross-sectional size. Three components of velocity are measured by using a Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique in the measurement area of size 24×22 mm, which is perpendicular to the direction of main flow in the channel. The Reynolds number based on the length of the channel ranged from 4·104 to 8·105 and has been controlled via imposed velocity. At low Reynolds number we observe a laminar corner vortex having at all velocities the same orientation. This symmetry breaking is probably caused by an imperfectness of the experimental device. At Reynolds number around 8·104 this vortex starts to slightly variate its strength and position causing transition of boundary layers into turbulence at Re = 1.1·105. At higher Re this laminar vortex disappears from the instantaneous velocity fields, but it is still apparent in the averaged ones. It gets smaller and another oppositely oriented vortex forms; note that the second vortex is not observed in the instantaneous velocity fields, only in the ensemble average. At even higher Re, this secondary flow structure is smaller than the turbulent boundary layers, but its shape of a pair of counter-rotating vortices is conserved probably being a seed for secondary flow between fully developed boundary layers reported in the literature for longer channels with fully developed flow.We report observation of secondary flow in one corner of developing channel air flow. Length of the channel, i.e. length of boundary layer, is 400 mm, which is 3.2 times the channel cross-sectional size. Three components of velocity are measured by using a Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique in the measurement area of size 24×22 mm, which is perpendicular to the direction of main flow in the channel. The Reynolds number based on the length of the channel ranged from 4·104 to 8·105 and has been controlled via imposed velocity. At low Reynolds number we observe a laminar corner vortex having at all velocities the same orientation. This symmetry breaking is probably caused by an imperfectness of the experimental device. At Reynolds number around 8·104 this vortex starts to slightly variate its strength and position causing transition of boundary layers into turbulence at Re = 1.1·105. At higher Re this laminar vortex disappears from the instantaneous velocity fields, but it is still apparent in.
Pedestrian and Bicycle Volume Data Collection Using Drone Technology

ABSTRACT Pedestrian and bicycle volume data is one of the most fundamental types of data for active transportation planning. However, they are not yet well developed. This paper explores an innovative method that uses drone technology to collect pedestrian and bicycle volume data. It confirms the feasibility of the technology as an alternative method to collect complex movements of pedestrians and bicycles. Furthermore, this paper presents a method that converts the video footage to a spatiotemporal dataset. The dataset includes not only the pedestrian and bicycle count data, but also their behavior and characteristics. The spatiotemporal data can become a valuable resource for a variety of active transportation planning practices and research, including the collection of pedestrian and bicycle volume data in parks and recreational areas, the study of collisions between pedestrians and bicycles, and the analysis of the social path. Since it is possible to envision that the development of technologies can overcome current technical difficulties, such as battery lifespan, it is worth considering the application of drone technology to active transportation planning practice and research.
CEO duality and firm performance: the moderating roles of CEO informal power and board involvements

This study aims to draw on the resource dependence theory to synthesize the conflicting arguments as well as commonalities of the agency and stewardship perspectives on the relationship between CEO duality and firm performance. ,Multiple regression analysis is used to analyze the data collected from a sample of 212 large-scale publicly listed companies representing 20 sectors in the Colombo Stock Exchange in Sri Lanka. ,The research results based on all of 212 publicly listed companies in Sri Lanka show, in support of the agency theory, that CEO duality exerts a negative effect on firm performance when the CEO is equipped with additional informal power. Conversely, CEO duality exhibits a positive effect on firm performance when board involvements are high, a finding that supports the commonalities of the agency and stewardship theoretical perspectives. ,By examining the governance practices and concepts in an Asian developing economy, this study provides insight into the power dynamics between the CEO and the board of directors in managerial contexts that are largely different from those in western countries. ,This study expands the theoretical underpinning of corporate governance research by identifying the performance implications of CEO duality within the broad context of the resource provision of the board of directors and the informal power of CEOs.
Sequestering of iron and lead from groundwater using chemically modified Cucumis melo rind

Heavy metal contamination in groundwater is among the significant environmental issues which require high priority of remediation action due to its importance in our daily life. This study intended to upcycle Cucumis melo ( C. melo ) rind which a waste from agricultural industries as natural adsorbent to remove iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) ions from groundwater. The efficiency of C. melo rind to remove Fe and Pb under pre-determined optimum conditions were analyzed and the result showed that metal removal was up to 96.83 % for Fe and 94.88 % for Pb ions under Fe ion-optimized working conditions. While under Pb ion-optimized working conditions, the removal percentage obtained were up to 87.19 % for Fe and 95.09 % for Pb ion. Adsorption isotherm analysis data of both metal ions were fitted well to the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 5.35 mg/g and 0.08 mg/g for Fe and Pb ions respectively. The kinetics experimental data correlated well with the pseudo-second order kinetics model. From the characterization study of the biosorbent using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX), X-ray fluorescent spectrophotometry (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), ion exchange and micro precipitation were estimated to be the main mechanism governing the biosorption process by C. melo rind. The results demonstrated that C. melo rind has the potential to be developed as the adsorbent material for the removal of Fe and Pb ions from groundwater.
Neglecting Peter to Fix Paul: How Board Interlocks Transmit Bank Shocks Across Sectors

We show that board interlocks transmit bank shocks into the real economy using a sample of 1,245 U.S. bank enforcement actions (EAs) between 1990 and 2017. When a non-financial firm (NFF) and bank share a common director, NFF stock prices decline around bank EA issue dates. The effect is stronger for more severe EAs. During enforcement years, interlocking directors reallocate resources, attending fewer NFF and more bank board meetings. Impaired credit relationships, director reputational damage, or endogenous director selection cannot fully explain our results. These findings imply that board interlocks could transmit larger bank shocks into the real economy.
Multi-scale assessment of winter wheat yield gaps with an integrated evaluation framework in the Huang-Huai-Hai farming region in China

Abstract Quantifying reasonable crop yield gaps and determining potential regions for yield improvement can facilitate regional plant structure adjustment and promote crop production. The current study attempted to evaluate the yield gap in a region at multi-scales through model simulation and farmer investigation. Taking the winter wheat yield gap in the Huang-Huai-Hai farming region (HFR) for the case study, 241 farmers’ fields in four typical high-yield demonstration areas were surveyed to determine the yield limitation index and attainable yield. In addition, the theoretical and realizable yield gap of winter wheat in 386 counties of the HFR was assessed. Results showed that the average field yield of the demonstration plots was 8282 kg/ha, accounting for 0.72 of the potential yield, which represented the highest production in the region. The HFR consists of seven sub-regions designated 2.1–2.7: the largest attainable yield gap existed in the 2.6 sub-region, in the southwest of the HFR, while the smallest was in the 2.2 sub-region, in the northwest of the HFR. With a high irrigated area rate, the yield gap in the 2.2 sub-region could hardly be reduced by increasing irrigation, while a lack of irrigation remained an important limiting factor for narrowing the yield gap in 2.3 sub-region, in the middle of the HFR. Therefore, a multi-scale yield gap evaluation framework integrated with typical field survey and crop model analysis could provide valuable information for narrowing the yield gap.
Islamic Calendar Anomaly and Market Return Behavior: Empirical Evidence from Eight Islamic Economies

This study is aimed to explore the Islamic calendar anomaly or lunar effect over the period of eleven years commencing from Zilhajj 1429 (January 2007) to Muharram 1440 (September 2018) on daily historical returns. This study has identified the essence of weak-form Efficient Market Hypothesis Fama (1965) in Pakistan, Turkey, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Dubai. Moreover market return behavior and seasonal effects are identified by using the dummy regression model. It is identified that anomalous behavior is reality in long run aptitude in all Islamic economies and the average behavior is reflecting that markets have been inspired by the seasonal effects. Overall the market behavior reflects weak form of efficiency except Iran and Bangladesh. It is identified that the Gregorian Calander is static but the lunar calendar is dynamic and go across all the weathers. Weathers and temperatures may affect perception and psychology of investor.
Psychometric properties of the Three-Dimensional Anxiety Scale for Sport (ETApE) through CFA and IRT approaches

The present study aimed to improve and examine the reliability, evidence regarding internal structure and invariance of the ETApE, an anxiety trait scale for sport. The study sample was formed by 500 athletes from the south of Brazil, being 64% males, from different sports and competitive levels, ranging from international to local. To examine the psychometric properties of the measurement model, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood method was conducted and the composite reliability was assessed. Item parameters were analysed in light of the Item Response Theory (IRT). Moreover, the model’s invariance was tested and a latent means comparison according to gender was performed. The instrument presented good psychometric qualities that point to its validity regarding internal structure. Good indicators of reliability and factorial invariance were also achieved. A statistically significant difference was found in the three dimensions of the instrument according to gender. Women scored higher in cognitive and physiological anxiety and had lower score in the perceived control dimension.
Touristification, transnational gentrification and urban change in Lisbon: The neighbourhood of Alfama

The Great Recession (2008–2014) and the consequent crises in both the national financial and production systems have led the Portuguese administration to adopt tourism and urban rehabilitation as new pivotal sectors to overcome the critical crisis-derived impacts on the economy and society. Moreover, both national and local administrations have deployed a range of legislative initiatives to attract transnational real estate investment and new high-income residents to the country, including generous tax benefits and residency permits for large foreign investors. This is of greater relevance in the historic neighbourhoods of Lisbon city centre, as in the case of Alfama, which has recently been transformed into one of the most important urban hotspots in the country for both local and transnational real estate investors. By focusing on this historic quarter of Lisbon, this paper examines how processes of gentrification and studentification occurring in the area since the late 1990s and early 2000s have been disrupted by recent processes of touristification and Airbnbisation in Alfama, transforming the entire neighbourhood into an ‘outdoor hotel’. The paper concludes by suggesting that, while urban touristification appears today as a new reproduction mechanism of glocal financial capital, the Airbnbisation of former lower-class central urban areas of post-recession southern European cities emerges as the newest, most aggressive form of urban accumulation by dispossession and spatial displacement against the working and middle-lower classes (both locals and migrants) of the ‘tourist city’.
Influence of the new information and communication technologies and social networks in the health of young people

Social networks have historically been used to share information and support regarding health-related topics, and this usage has increased with the rise of online social media. Young people are high users of social media, both as passive listeners and as active contributors. This study aimed to map the trends in publications focused on social networks, health, and young people over the last 40 years. Scopus and the program VOSviewer were used to map the frequency of the publications, keywords, and clusters of researchers active in the field internationally. A structured keyword search using the Scopus database yielded 11,966 publications. The results reveal a long history of research on social networks, health, and young people. Research articles were the most common type of publication (68%), most of which described quantitative studies (82%). The main discipline represented in this literature was medicine, with 6062 documents. North American researchers dominate the field, both as authors and partners in international research collaborations. The present article adds to the literature by elucidating the growing importance of social networks in health research as a topic of study. This may help to inform future investments in public health research and surveillance using these novel data sources.
Development and validation of patient information leaflet for coronary heart disease patients

Background: Patient information leaflets (PILs) are effectively used to improve the patient's knowledge about medications, disease, diet, and lifestyle modifications. Aim: This study aims to develop and evaluate PILs for coronary heart disease patients. Materials and Methods: Primary, secondary, and tertiary resources were used to develop PILs. The developed PILs were validated by four doctors, four academic pharmacists, and one dietician. PILs design and layout was prepared using barker able leaflet design (BALD) criteria. PILs readability was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease test (FRE), Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and user readability methods. User opinion on PILs content and design was obtained from patients. Results: The FRE and FKGL readability scores were 61.5 and 7.4, respectively. The BALD criteria scores for English, Kannada, and Malayalam PILs were 28, 27, and 26, respectively. The overall user testing readability means scores had significantly improved from 45 to 79.30. Nearly 82.55% of patients rated the PILs as good design and content. Conclusion: The developed leaflet met the standard criteria for easy reading and comprehension. The majority of the patients gave good opinion on the content and design of the PILs.
Fear-of-intimacy in the interpersonal process model: An investigation in two parts

The interpersonal process model (IPM) suggests that closeness develops in relationships when two people reciprocally engage in vulnerable self-disclosure, respond to each other, and perceive each other’s responses as validating, understanding, and caring (responsive). Little is known about how fear-of-intimacy relates to this foundational intimacy process. We conducted two studies of fear-of-intimacy and the IPM. In Study 1, 146 high fear-of-intimacy participants were randomly assigned to either interact for 1 hr with a research assistant (RA) demonstrating high responsiveness, to interact for 1 hr with an RA displaying low responsiveness, or to view a nature video for 1 hr. Unlike previous experiments with undergraduates documenting that high responsiveness predicts closeness up to 2 weeks after the interaction, the current study with high fear-of-intimacy individuals found that high responsiveness predicted closeness immediately after the interaction but this was not sustained over time. In Study 2, we conducted structural modeling in a diverse sample of 216 survey respondents with a range of fear-of-intimacy scores. Consistent with previous studies, perceived responsiveness strongly predicted closeness. Fear-of-intimacy had negative direct effects on vulnerable self-disclosure and perceived responsiveness but a positive direct effect on closeness.
A diagnosis of the deficiencies in the Zimbabwean value added tax system

The paper analyzes the Zimbabwean VAT system. The main objective was to establish and evaluate the gaps within the Zimbabwean VAT system, with the view of closing them so that the Zimbabwean VAT is attuned to the dictates of the best practice VAT. A review of literature was used and the main sources of information were the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority, the South African Revenue Services, literature from various journal articles and books and various reports and legislative instruments. The key finding of the study was that the Zimbabwean VAT system falls short of both the South African and best practice VATs. The main reasons for the gap are; a narrow VAT base fuelled by rampant VAT zero-rates and exemptions; it defies the destination principle; it does not conform to the principle of tax neutrality and tax simplicity; and it has high costs of collection and compliance. The study recommends that the Zimbabwean VAT system should be aligned to the best practice VAT through streamlining VAT privileges and correctly implementing the destination principle. Adequate funding should be allocated to the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority in order to embrace the Information Communication Technology (ICT) drive to reduce costs of compliance and collection.
Parameterized Complexity of Envy-Free Resource Allocation in Social Networks

We consider the classical problem of allocating resources among agents in an envy-free (and, where applicable, proportional) way. Recently, the basic model was enriched by introducing the concept of a social network which allows to capture situations where agents might not have full information about the allocation of all resources. We initiate the study of the parameterized complexity of these resource allocation problems by considering natural parameters which capture structural properties of the network and similarities between agents and items. In particular, we show that even very general fragments of the considered problems become tractable as long as the social network has bounded treewidth or bounded clique-width. We complement our results with matching lower bounds which show that our algorithms cannot be substantially improved.
Biotic and Abiotic Imprints on Mg-Rich Stromatolites: Lessons from Lake Salda, SW Turkey

Abstract Modern hydrated Mg rich stromatolites are actively growing along the shallow shorelines of Lake Salda (SW Turkey). An integrated approach involving isotopic, mineralogical, microscopic, and organic/geochemical techniques along with culture-independent molecular methods were applied to various lake samples to assess the role of microbial processes on stromatolite formation. This study further explores the biosignature preservation potential of fossil stromatolites by comparing with textures, lipid profiles and isotopic composition of the modern stromatolites. Similar lipid profile and δ13C isotope values in active and fossil stromatolites argue that CO2 cycling delicately balanced between photosynthetic and heterotrophic (aerobic) activity as in the active ones may have regulated stromatolite formation in the lake. A decrease in the exopolymeric substances (EPS) profile of the mat and concurrent hydromagnesite precipitation imply a critical role for EPS in the formation of stromatolite. Consistently, a discrete, discontinuous lamination and clotted micropeloidal textures with cyanobacterial remnants in the fossil stromatolites likely refer to partial degradation of EPS, creating local nucleation sites and allowing precipitation of hydrated Mg minerals and provide a link to the active microbial mat in the modern stromatolites. Our results for the first time provide strong evidence for close coupling of cyanobacterial photosynthesis and aerobic heterotrophic respiration on hydromagnesite textures involved in the stromatolite formation of Lake Salda. The creation of photosynthesis induced high-pH conditions combined with a change in the amount and properties of the EPS and the repetition of these processes over time seems to be a possible pathway for stromatolite growth in the lake. Understanding these microbial symbioses and their mineralized records may provide new insights on the formation mechanism of Mg-rich carbonates not only for terrestrial geological records but also for planetary bodies like Mars, where hydrated Mg-carbonate deposits have been identified in possible paleolake deposits at Jezero crater, the landing site of the NASA Mars 2020 rover.
Assessment of Conditional Dependence Structures in Commodity Futures Markets Using Copula-GARCH Models and Fuzzy Clustering Methods

The dynamic development of commodity derivatives markets has been observed since the mid-2000s. It is related to the development of e-commerce, the inflow of financial investors’ capital, and the emergence of exchange-traded funds and passively managed index funds focused on commodities. These advances are accompanied by changes in dependence structure in the markets. The main purpose of this study is to assess the conditional dependence structure in various commodity futures markets (energy, metals, grains and oilseeds, soft commodities, agricultural commodities) in the period from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2018. The specific purpose is to identify the states of the market corresponding to typical patterns of the conditional dependency structure, and to determine the time of transition from one state to another. The copula-based Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity models were used to describe the dynamics of dependencies between the rates of return on prices of commodity futures, while the dynamic Kendall’s tau correlation coefficients were applied to measure the strength of dependencies. The daily changes in the conditional dependence structure in the markets (changes in states of the markets) were identified with the fuzzy c-means clustering method. In 2000–2018, the conditional dependence structure in commodity futures markets was not stable, as evidenced by the different states of markets identified (two states in the grains and oilseeds market, the agricultural market, the soft commodities market and the metals market, and three states in the energy market).