Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discussion on telluric field and seismic activity in Central Greece

Two stations were installed in the Southeastern Thessaly basin (Central Greece), recording the geomagnetic and telluric fields from 1993 to 1996. The aim was to detect long-term abnormal changes of the telluric field, which were possibly related to imbedding earthquakes. Between January 1993 and October 1996, 213 and185 (Neraida and Mavrolofos stations respectively) abnormal changes of the telluric field were observed in association with the seismic activity. The duration of these changes varied from several minutes to 24 days and the maximum amplitude was 3.8 mV/m. Data recording detected 625 and 917 seismic events for Neraida and Mavrolofos station respectively. The percentage of the earthquakes associated with the telluric anomalies is 27% and 16% respectively for each station. Both percentages are considered to be very low. Telluric activity was followed by a burst of seismic activity in areas spreading to different directions from the stations. A correlation of the characteristics of the telluric field with the earthquake magnitude was attempted, but no reliable relationship was obtained.
Chaluka Stratigraphy, Umnak Island, Alaska

Excavations at Chaluka from 1938 to 1972 have been reviewed and strata of each excavation season correlated where information permits. Carbon 14 dates indicate Chaluka is 3500-4000 years old; ash fall correlations between Chaluka and Anangula support the radiometrie dates. Eleven major natural and human stratigraphic events occurred at Chaluka with reef and marine economic activities present throughout. The Neo-Aleut problem is discussed with respect to the 1962 stratigraphic findings. Neo-Aleuts were in the historic period; the Paleo-Aleuts were prehistoric .
How Epistemic Beliefs Influence e-Learning in Daily Work-life

Epistemic beliefs comprise the individual understanding of the nature of knowledge and the creation of knowledge. Hence, they impact the perception of learning opportunities and professional learning activities. Many enterprises apply computer technology in order to support staff development through e-learning activities. However, a closer look at the practices of e-learning reveals that only rarely the potential of educational technology for professional learning is fully utilised. Frequently it is neglected that employees’ subjectivity - in particular their epistemic beliefs - determines their ways of using educational technology for self-directed learning activities. This contribution reports an empirical study of 256 employees of varying hierarchical status and working in companies of different sizes. The investigation aimed at analysing how epistemic beliefs influence e-learning in daily working-life. The findings indicate that epistemic beliefs impact the quality rather than the amount of professional e-learning. The conclusions offer new impulses for the study of knowledge management.
Effects of Mobile Instant Messaging on Collaborative Learning Processes and Outcomes: The Case of South Korea

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of mobile instant messaging on collaborative learning processes and outcomes. The collaborative processes were measured in terms of different types of interactions. We measured the outcomes of the collaborations through both the students’ taskwork and their teamwork. The collaborative learning processes and outcomes in the Mobile Instant Messaging group (Mobile IM) were also compared with the Personal Computer-based Instant Messaging group (PC IM) and the Bulletin Board System group (BBS). A total of 48 students participated in this study, and the main results show that more cognitive and metacognitive interactions were found in the BBS group while social and affective interactions were the major types of interactions in the Mobile IM group and the PC IM group. As a result of the collaborative learning outcomes, the Mobile IM group shows better teamwork than the other two groups. However, better taskwork was found in the BBS group and the PC IM group rather than the Mobile IM group. Finally, the researchers discuss the implications of this study from the perspective of the educational potential of mobile learning.
The response of a "plug" in an open-toe pipe pile

: Two published case histories are taken as reference to a discussion on how to consider the effect of soil core inside a pipe pile driven open-toe, as opposed to the response of a pile driven closed-toe. The analysis of the measurements shows that the comparison has to be made in terms of deformation, not capacity. Both piles have similar shaft resistance along the outside of the pipe. For the closed-toe pile, toe resistance acts along the full cross section. For the open-toe pile with a soft core, some toe resistance is mobilized by the force against the steel annulus. The soil force that acts at the bottom of the core, pushes the core upward much like the upper portion of a pile tested in a bidirectional test and the upward movement is resisted by shaft resistance along the inside of the pile. However, the core is very soft compared to a pile and the movement of the pile toe is quickly spent, resulting in a limited magnitude of inside shaft resistance, moreover one acting only along a limit length of the pile up from the pile toe. Recommendations for how to analyze the response of an open-toe pile are presented and a comparison is provided between the results of a simulated static loading test on a closed-toe and an open-toe pipe pile are presented, showing that the comparison — and piled foundation design — have to recognize and consider the pile toe movement during service conditions.
Interoperability of knowledge units in plant protection: case studies.

In this work, we provide two case studies on interoperability and transfer of knowledge in the environment of a company dealing with plant protection. We find that the area of plant protection is highly oriented on working with knowledge. In this case interoperability of knowledge can play an important role in acquiring knowledge from different environments to solve specific problem in companies dealing with plant protection. Nevertheless, the concept of interoperability is well-developed on the level of data and information only. We stem from our previous works, where we defined a logical concept for the interoperability of knowledge on the level of knowledge units. The objective of this work is to show how to apply our process model of knowledge interoperability in a particular plant protection company. Two case studies are provided in order to demonstrate distinguishing between simple knowledge transfer and knowledge interoperability.
Measured and predicted aerosol light scattering enhancement factors at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch

Ambient relative humidity (RH) determines the water content of atmospheric aerosol particles and thus has an important influence on the amount of visible light scattered by particles. The RH dependence of the particle light scattering coefficient ( σsp) is therefore an important variable for climate forcing calculations. We used a humidification system for a nephelometer which allows for the measurement of σsp at a defined RH in the range of 20–95%. In this paper we present measurements of light scattering enhancement factors f (RH)=σsp(RH)/σsp(dry) from a 1-month campaign (May 2008) at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.), Switzerland. Measurements at the Jungfraujoch are representative for the lower free troposphere above Central Europe. For this aerosol type hardly any information about thef (RH) is available so far. At this site, f (RH=85%) varied between 1.2 and 3.3. Measured f (RH) agreed well with f (RH) calculated with Mie theory using measurements of the size distribution, chemical composition and hygroscopic diameter growth factors as input. Good f (RH) predictions at RH<85% were also obtained with a simplified model, which uses the̊ Angstr̈om exponent of σsp(dry) as input. RH influences further intensive optical aerosol properties. The backscatter fraction decreased by about 30% from 0.128 to 0.089, and the single scattering albedo increased on average by 0.05 at 85% RH compared to dry conditions. These changes in σsp, backscatter fraction and single scattering albedo have a distinct impact on the radiative forcing of the Jungfraujoch aerosol. Correspondence to: E. Weingartner (ernest.weingartner@psi.ch)
The traditional architecture of Indonesia

Traditional architecture, which has evolved in harmony with the natural environment and the rhythms of a daily life far removed from industrialised society, is inspiring new interest throughout the world. Nowhere is more deserving of this attention than the islands of the Indonesian archipelago, whose huge range of peoples and terrain have produced the most extraordinary vernacular building. Characteristic of many Indonesian architectural styles are village houses raised on stilts, posts and pillars beautifully carved and painted with images of guardian spirits and ancestors, animal and human figures, spirals, and floral and geometric patterning. In many communities the house is regarded as a spiritual entity, whose construction involves many rituals and superstitions. It forms the focal point for community, ancestry and social standing. Barry Dawson and John Gillow's firsthand research provides the basis for this detailed examination of the history, traditions, materials and techniques of Indonesian vernacular building, which analyses the predominant types of each island and how they relate to the architectural needs of the present and future. Supported by historical photographs, drawings, and nearly 200 photographs, the authors portray the enormous diversity of traditional style to be found, from the dignity and grandeur of the Minangkabau houses of Sumatra to the imposing solidity of the Dayak communal longhouses, Java's rich legacy of Hindu-Buddhism or the humble haystack houses of the Antoni of Timor. Barry Dawson and John Gillow worked together on "Traditional Indonesian Textiles" (Thames and Hudson, 1992). John Gillow is also the author, with Nicholas Barnard, of "Traditional Indian Textiles" (Thames and Hudson, 1993).
Steep Fracture Patterns And Their Characteristics Within The Triassic De Geerdalen Formation On Svalbard : An emphasis on regional trends, local variations and lithological controls

This study documents and discusses the nature of steep fracture orientations, their densities and their relationships to lithological types, which has been observed within the Triassic De Geerdalen Formation on Svalbard. The study is based entirely on field data collected over a period of two field seasons in Central Spitsbergen, Western Edgeoya and Central and Northern Hopen, with the intent of understanding the regional variations in these fractures. Fracture orientations have been analysed on a regional scale and their mode of formation is related to significant regional tectonic trends and also local structural styles. Density data and fracture characteristics within differing lithologies are based on scan-line data recorded in the field at numerous locations. The average fracture spacing and average fractures per metre has been the primary components of this discussion; and these are related to regional stratigraphic trends seen within the De Geerdalen Formation and the nature of sedimentological variations within the unit. It has been observed that throughout Svalbard there is a prominent affinity of steep fracturing to a NNW-SSE and ENE-WSW trend, with a further fracture set of NNE-SSW being observed on the island of Hopen. NNW-SSE trending fractures have been related to periods of extension along major N-S trending structural lineaments during the late-Mesozoic, with subsequent augmentation by Cenozoic compressional tectonics, uplift and unloading. ENE-WSW trending fractures seen throughout Svalbard are related to Late-Cretaceous and Palaeogene compressional tectonics along the West-Spitsbergen margin. Where they are deduced to have formed normal to the maximum stress of this compression, again these are suggested to have been augmented by later periods of uplift and unloading. Extensional fracturing seen on the Island of Hopen which is in contrast to the regional styles of Central Spitsbergen and Western Edgeoya, has been seen to be in close orientation to offshore faulting to the east of Svalbard in the Northern Barents Sea. Fracture densities are observed to show clear increases in spacing and decreases in average fractures per metre as bed thickness observed with sandstone beds. Results from sandstone and shale beds suggest a similar trend but with discrepancies at Hopen, whilst shale dominated beds show a good trend of density decreasing with bed thickness, but this lithological type is under-represented within the dataset.
Just-in-Time Adaptive Mechanisms of Popular Mobile Apps for Individuals With Depression: Systematic App Search and Literature Review (Preprint)

BACKGROUND The number of smartphone apps that focus on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of depression is increasing. A promising approach to increase the effectiveness of the apps while reducing the individual’s burden is the use of just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) mechanisms. JITAIs are designed to improve the effectiveness of the intervention and reduce the burden on the person using the intervention by providing the right type of support at the right time. The right type of support and the right time are determined by measuring the state of vulnerability and the state of receptivity, respectively. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to systematically assess the use of JITAI mechanisms in popular apps for individuals with depression. METHODS We systematically searched for apps addressing depression in the Apple App Store and Google Play Store, as well as in curated lists from the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, the United Kingdom National Health Service, and the American Psychological Association in August 2020. The relevant apps were ranked according to the number of reviews (Apple App Store) or downloads (Google Play Store). For each app, 2 authors separately reviewed all publications concerning the app found within scientific databases (PubMed, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, ACM Portal, and Science Direct), publications cited on the app’s website, information on the app’s website, and the app itself. All types of measurements (eg, open questions, closed questions, and device analytics) found in the apps were recorded and reviewed. RESULTS None of the 28 reviewed apps used JITAI mechanisms to tailor content to situations, states, or individuals. Of the 28 apps, 3 (11%) did not use any measurements, 20 (71%) exclusively used self-reports that were insufficient to leverage the full potential of the JITAIs, and the 5 (18%) apps using self-reports and passive measurements used them as progress or task indicators only. Although 34% (23/68) of the reviewed publications investigated the effectiveness of the apps and 21% (14/68) investigated their efficacy, no publication mentioned or evaluated JITAI mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Promising JITAI mechanisms have not yet been translated into mainstream depression apps. Although the wide range of passive measurements available from smartphones were rarely used, self-reported outcomes were used by 71% (20/28) of the apps. However, in both cases, the measured outcomes were not used to tailor content and timing along a state of vulnerability or receptivity. Owing to this lack of tailoring to individual, state, or situation, we argue that the apps cannot be considered JITAIs. The lack of publications investigating whether JITAI mechanisms lead to an increase in the effectiveness or efficacy of the apps highlights the need for further research, especially in real-world apps.
Development of a quantitative method to predict critical shear stress and rate of erosion of natural undisturbed cohesive soils

Abstract : A study was conducted in an attempt to develop a quantitative method to predict the hydraulic shear stress at which erosion is initiated (critical shear stress) and the rate of erosion of natural soil (with sufficient cohesiveness to allow undisturbed samples to be taken) along a stream bank. In order to obtain a wide range of properties with sufficient geographical distribution, soil and river water samples were requested from Corps of Engineers (CE) Districts in the United States. Preliminary tests conducted on 42 samples included: (a) free swell test on undisturbed soil; (b) dielectric dispersion on remolded soil; (c) slaking test on undisturbed soil; (d) amount of clay present in soil; (e) soil chemistry (pH and soluble cations); and (g) river water chemistry (pH and soluble cations). Based upon the results of preliminary tests 30 soils were selected for detailed analysis which included: (a) index property tests (hydrometer analyses, specific gravity, organic content, gypsum content, moisture content, unit weight, and Atterberg limits); (b) soil chemistry (exchangeable cations); (c) dielectric dispersion on undisturbed soil; (d) flume erosion tests on undisturbed soil; and (e) rotating cylinder erosion tests on saturated remolded soil.
Participation in and Contributions to 401(K) Pension Plans: Evidence Om Plan Data

401(k) plans differ from traditional employer-sponsored pension plans in that employees are permitted to make pre-tax contributions and the employer may match pan of the contribution. Since participation in these plans is voluntary, the sensitivity of participation and contributions to plan characteristics - notably the employer matching rate -- will play a critical role in retirement saving. Using plan level data from Form 5500s filed annually with the Internal Revenue Service, I find that there is potential for expanding retirement saving through 401(k) plans although there is evidence that the Tax Reform Act of 1986 reduced their attractiveness. Annual employee contributions were reduced by about 4 percent compared to the prior year after controlling for employer match rates. A simple model of employee contributions predicts that participation should increase with the match rate, and that, under reasonable assumptions, contributions will increase as well, but can eventually fall at higher match rates. I find evidence of both these effects. A . 05 increase in the matching rate is associated with one to five percent increase in employee contributions.
Numerical modeling of pile groups under lateral loading in sand

When soil stability is not suitable for shallow foundations, using of piles is a good replacement. Specially, in offshore structures pile groups are used and usually subject to lateral loading. Group interaction effects are very important and impressive in piles behaviour under lateral loading. Computer simulations of finite element modeling allow for indepth studies into the complex pile–soil–pile interaction under lateral loading in deep foundation structures. In this paper the effect of piles head conditions on lateral behaviour of a 3×3 pile group in sand are investigated by means of numerical modeling. A three-dimensional finite element model was used to simulate the behaviour of piles and soil. In this model the material behaviour of the soil is described using an elastic-plastic constitutive model. Load-deflection curve and moment distribution were developed for each pile of free-head and fixed-head piles group. The piles head condition was found to be an effective parameter on piles behaviour under lateral loading in a group. RÉSUMÉ Lorsque la stabilité du sol n'est pas adapté pour les fondations superficielles, à l'aide de pieux est un bon remplacement. Spécialement, dans les structures offshore pile groupes sont utilisés et généralement soumise à un chargement latéral. Effets de l'interaction du groupe sont très importants et impressionnants dans le comportement des pieux sous chargement latéral. Simulations informatiques de la modélisation par éléments finis permettent des études approfondies dans le complexe de battage de l'interaction sol-pieu sous chargement latéral dans les structures de fondation profonde. Dans cet article l'effet des tas de conditions la tête sur le comportement latéral d'un groupe de 3× 3 pieux dans le sable sont étudiées au moyen de la modélisation numérique. Un modèle à éléments finis en trois dimensions a été utilisée pour simuler le comportement des pieux et le sol. Dans ce modèle, le comportement des matériaux du sol est décrit en utilisant un modèle de comportement élasto-plastique. Courbe charge-flèche et de la distribution moment ont été élaborés pour chaque pile de libre-tête et fixe la tête des pieux du groupe. L'état de la tête des pieux a été trouvé être un paramètre efficace sur le comportement des pieux sous chargement latéral dans un groupe.
6284 Cooperation and Punishment : The Individual-Level Perspective

We explore the relationship between individuals’ disposition to cooperate and their inclination to engage in peer punishment as well as their relative importance for mitigating social dilemmas. Using a novel strategy-method approach we identify individual punishment patterns and link them with individual cooperation patterns. Classifying N = 628 subjects along these two dimensions documents that cooperation and punishment patterns are intuitively aligned for most individuals. However, the data also reveal a sizable share of free-riders that punish pro-socially and conditional cooperators that do not engage in punishment. Analyzing the interplay between types in an additional experiment, we show that pro-social punishers are more crucial for achieving cooperation than conditional cooperators. Incorporating information on punishment types explains large amounts of the between and within group variation in cooperation. JEL-Codes: C900, D030.
Automated Planning: Theory and Practice

A translation apparatus is provided which comprises: an inputting section for inputting a source document in a natural language; a layout analyzing section for analyzing layout information including cascade information, itemization information, numbered itemization information, labeled itemization information and separator line information in the source document inputted by the inputting section and specifying a translation range on the basis of the layout information; a translation processing section for translating a source document text in the specified translation range into a second language; and an outputting section for outputting a translated text provided by the translation processing section.
Approaches to Innovation Process Assessment: Complex Results from an Exploratory Investigation

Managing innovation is vital for many enterprises to survive in a competitive and dynamic environment. Thus, decision-makers have always been involved in the challenge of finding the right performance measures for the innovation process. This paper tackles the issue of innovation performance measurement and management. Its main goal is to present complex results obtained from the Czech manufacturing industry within the research project “Innovation Process Performance Assessment: A Management Control System Approach among Czech Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises” financed by the Czech Science Foundation – 13–20123P. The results reveal many positive aspects of the investigated issue. Czech companies are aware of the importance of innovation and engage in it in various forms. Moreover, the vast majority of the respondents also evaluated the implemented innovations no matter the size of the company. Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large companies differ in terms of their innovation performance measurements and management control techniques and methods. However, both groups adopt traditional measurement tools rather than modern techniques. Here, the gap between global and Czech companies is noted. Therefore, this paper is supposed to motivate researchers to conduct more large-scale studies in the area of innovative performance measurement systems and their implementation in different business sectors and areas.