Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glycemic Control of Stroke Patients and Their Outcomes in a Comprehensive Stroke Center at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major modifiable risk factors for having a stroke and those who present with a stroke are found to have hyperglycemia. The association between hyperglycemia and stroke has been found in an increasing number of studies. Evidence indicates that persistent in-hospital hyperglycemia during the first 24 hours after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with worse outcomes than normoglycemia. We conducted a retrospective chart review to see the glycemic control of stroke patients and their hospital outcome over a 3-month period as part of a pre-evaluation assessment to develop a hyperglycemia protocol in the stroke unit. Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained for this study. A total of 142 patients with acute stroke admitted in the Comprehensive Stroke Center at Jersey Shore University Medical Center over a 3-month period were included in this study. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, glycemic patterns at admission and throughout the hospital stay, types of stroke, length of stay, NIH (National Institutes of Health) stroke scale on admission and discharge, discharge disposition and outcome were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS and a nova with tukey as post-hoc analysis. For the graph, we used prism and for the regression analysis, stat disk was used. Results: Average age of the patients was 73 years, with male predominance (54%). Average BMI of the patients was 28.2. Most of the patients had an ischemic stroke (73%). Major comorbidities were hypertension (88%), dyslipidemia (66%), and diabetes (36%). About 8 of 143 (6%) patients were newly diagnosed with diabetes. Average Hba1C was 6.5. For a detailed statistical analysis, we divided patients into three groups by their blood glucose levels ranging from 80-140 mg/dl in group 1, 140-180 mg/dl in group 2, and more than 180 mg /dl in group 3. Then, we compared the length of stay (LOS), NIH scale admission/discharge, types of stroke and discharge disposition within the three groups. This study showed that the NIH stroke scale on admission in group 3 (blood glucose >180mg/dl) was higher compared to group 1 (blood glucose 80-140 mg/dl), with a p value of <0.01. Length of stay was more in group 3 compared to group 1 and 2, with a P value < 0.08. Conclusion: Although this study limited by smaller patient groups, but it concludes that higher blood glucose level associated with higher NIH stroke scale at admission and during discharge and have increased length of stay which is consistent with other similar studies.
Expression of chemoresistance marker P-Glycoprotein in women with epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Materials and methods: Twenty-three newly diagnosed patients with primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma, were included in this study. Patients were treated with cytoreductive surgery including partial omentectomy. All patients were treated with various chemotherapy regimens. Fourto six-micrometer sections of the archival paraffin-embedded blocks were cut, deparaffinized, and stained by immunohistochemical technique using P-glycoprotein dye. Endothelial cell staining was used as the positive control of the dye. Immunostaining was categorized from 0% to 100% based on the percentage of cells stained by examining 3-4 high-power fields.
Pediatric COVID-19 in Southern California: clinical features and viral genetic diversity

Clinical presentation of COVID-19 in children remains under investigation. In this manuscript, we present a summary of clinical findings from the first 23 cases of COVID-19 in children at Children's Hospital Los Angeles. Considering the paucity of genomics data for circulating SARS-CoV-2 isolates in Southern California, we also present an overview of the viral genetic diversity in isolates obtained from these patients and compare them to isolates from other parts of the United States and globally. Our study presents much needed clinical and viral genomics data pertaining to COVID-19 in children.
Population mobility reductions during COVID-19 epidemic in France under lockdown

On March 17, 2020, French authorities implemented a nationwide lockdown to respond to COVID-19 epidemic emergency and curb the surge of patients requiring critical care, similarly to other countries. Evaluating the impact of lockdown on population mobility is important to help characterize the changes in social dynamics that affected viral diffusion. Using travel flows reconstructed from mobile phone trajectories, we measured how lockdown altered mobility patterns at both local and country scales. Lockdown caused a 65% reduction in countrywide number of displacements, and was particularly effective in reducing work-related short-range mobility, especially during rush hours, and recreational long-range trips. Anomalous increases in long-range movements, localized in both time and space, emerged even before lockdown announcement. Mobility drops were unevenly distributed across regions. They were strongly associated with active population, workers employed in sectors highly impacted by lockdown, and number of hospitalizations per region, and moderately associated with socio-economic level of the region. Major cities largely shrank their pattern of connectivity, reducing it mainly to short-range commuting, despite the persistence of some long-range trips. Our findings indicate that lockdown was very effective in reducing population mobility across scales. Caution should be taken in the timing of policy announcements and implementation. Individual response to policy announcements may generate unexpected anomalous behaviors increasing the risk of geographical diffusion. On the other hand, risk awareness may be beneficial in further decreasing mobility in largely affected regions. Our findings help predicting how and where restrictions will be the most effective in reducing the mobility and mixing of the population, thus aiding tuning recommendations in the upcoming weeks, when phasing out lockdown.
Threat of water hyacinth resurgence after a successful biological control program

The aquatic weed, water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, has caused serious socio-economic, industrial and domestic problems in Uganda and indeed the entire East Africa region. Control measures included the use of herbicides (in trials only), mechanical removal and biological control. Five years after the introduction of the weevils, Neochetina bruchi and Neochetina eichhorniae, the weed biomass was reduced to an insignificant level. There have been recent reports of a resurgence in the growth of the weed on Lakes Victoria, Albert and Kyoga. The significance of the successful control and apparent resurgence is discussed.
Pulmonary alveolar regrowth in an adult COVID-19 patient

We detected active alveolar regrowth in the lung of a 58-year-old COVID-19 patient who underwent lung transplantation due to severe lung hemorrhage. Specifically, immunohistological and scanning electronic microscopy analyses revealed that alveolar type II epithelial cells (AT2 cells) accumulate in response to viral pneumonia and that these AT2 cells actively proliferate and differentiate into squamous AT1-like alveolar epithelial cells. Thus, our work establishes that alveolar regrowth does occur in post-COVID-19 injury adult human lungs.
The Difference between Field-Dependent versus Field- Independent EFL Learners' Use of Learning Strategies

The present study sought to explore if EFL learners with different fielddependence/field-independence cognitive style are s ignificantly different considering their usage of learning strategies. To fulfill the aim of this study, 130 students from different institutes in Tehran with at least five or six year s of learning experience were non-randomly selected from among a total number of 215 learners. Then, two groups of field-dependent and field-independent learners each consisting 65 l earners were chosen after administering the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT). Afterwards, the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) was handed out to the selected part icipants. After data gathering, independent samples t-test and Mann Whitney U test w re run for inferential statistics to find any significant difference in learning strategies u ed by the two groups of learners. Data analysis showed that there were significant differe nces between field-dependent and fieldindependent learners in memory, cognitive, compensa tion, affective, and social strategy use. However, no significant difference was found betwee n field-dependent and field-independent learners in metacognitive strategy use. It was conc luded that the cognitive style of fielddependent and field-independent may be the source o f difference in the way learners use language learning strategies.
Dental Caries Detection: The State of the Art

Dental caries detection is challenging for dental professionals, especially in early stages. Detection of incipient caries is important for prevention implementation, which will in turn make it possible to avoid the restoration of progressed caries. Various methods and techniques have been developed for caries detection and dental professionals must be familiar with such methods and diagnostic tools. This literature review provides an overview of current methods for caries detection. INTRODUCTION Dental caries is a condition which results from a localized chemical dissolution of the tooth surface caused by acidic by-products from bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates in the biofilm (dental plaque) covering the affected area. This destruction can affect enamel, dentin and cementum [1]. There are several caries classification criteria (Table 1). The simple standard American Dental Association (ADA) caries classification system classified caries as initial (incipient), moderate and severe. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) (Figure 1) was developed over years and has been found to be reliable and predictable, hence gaining international acceptance as the evolving caries diagnosis standard [2,3]. Fig 1: ICDAS caries assessment
The influence of forest view through a window on job satisfaction and job stress

Abstract Windows have been found to be a particularly salient feature of the workplace, not only as a matter of preference but also for health and well-being. Depending on what is in the view, looking out of the window may provide numerous opportunities for restoration. This study investigated the effect of window views on job satisfaction and stress. The impact of two specific influencing mechanisms was examined: existence of forest views through windows in workplaces, and absence of forest views through windows in workplaces. The sample consisted of 931 office workers in Seoul, South Korea, 481 who could see forest views from their workplaces and 450 who could not see forest views. A set of self-administered questionnaires including job satisfaction and job stress measures was distributed to the sample from April to September 2004. The results showed a significant direct effect of forest views from windows on job satisfaction and stress. Respondents’ personal information such as gender, age and job cate.
Physicochemical properties of different organic substrate mixtures and their effects on growth and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars

Carbonized rice husk, coco peat and sawdust are considered as good growing substrate components, but high water holding capacity causes poor air-water relationship, thus affecting oxygen diffusion to roots. Incorporation of coarser materials into these substrate components could improve aeration status. The present experiment aimed to assess the physicochemical properties of four growing substrate mixtures (M1 = 50% coco peat + 45% bora + 5% shodo, M2 = 50% coco peat + 45% perlite + 5% shodo, M3 = 50% carbonized rice husk + 45% perlite + 5% shodo and M4 = 50% sawdust + 45% perlite + 5% shodo) and their effects on growth and yield of two sweet pepper cultivars (V1 = ‘Papari new-E-red’, V2 = ‘AVRDC PP045-6006’). Results revealed that pH, electrical conductivity (EC), air-filled SCIREA Journal of Biology http://www.scirea. org/journal/Biology
Molecular identification and amylolytic potential of a thermophilic bacteria species from refuse dump in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Molecular identification and amylolytic potential of a thermophilic bacterium species isolated from refuse dump was investigated. Bacte- rial isolates were identified by morphological and biochemical characterization while amylolytic bacterium of interest was identified by molecular analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterium with the highest α-amylase activity was selected for enzyme pro- duction. The optimal conditions for α-amylase secretion were determined by varying the pH, temperature, percentage soluble starch, nitrogen sources and carbon sources. The isolated and identified bacteria were Bacillus alvei (40%) Bacillus licheniformis (40%) and Bacillus brevis (20%) while Bacillus licheniformis RD24 was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The peak of amylase production was at 20 h of incubation (925 µg/ml/min). The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme production were 7 and 45 o C respectively. Enzyme production medium with 1% starch gave highest enzyme activity of 102 ± 5.3 µg/ml/min. Peptone gave an enzyme activity of 165 ± 8.97 µg/ml/min and yeast extract gave 52.26 ± 2.86 µg/ml/min. Of the raw starches, cassava flour gave the highest specific activity of 72 ± 0.07 Units/mg proteins, while sorghum starch gave the lowest specific activity of 5 ± 1.52 Units/mg proteins. The study conclud- ed that starch-rich household waste can be employed for amylase production using Bacillus licheniformis RD24.
Traditional method of teaching anatomy with the new PBL method in Nigeria

The introduction of the problem-based learning (PBL) may be a very uncomfortable problem for the students originally exposed to the didactic methods of teaching and learning. Our medical and pharmaceutical curriculum is yet to adopt this new method of learning and as such this study looks forward to exposing some aspects of the traditional style as well as introducing to the students the new method using PBL. It is envisaged that in the five-year Pharmacy program, the students would be exposed to and monitored and their academic performance vis-à-vis their professional competencies adjudged using this two styles of teaching anatomy. A total of one hundred and fifty 200 level Pharmacy students were randomly divided into fifteen groups of ten per group during their 2 semester course in Anatomy in the academic year 2007/2008 session. The students were exposed to both the PBL and traditional methods of teaching anatomy alternately. At the end of the period, 150 structured questionnaires were administered to the students and analyzed statistically. Results from this preliminary study does show that the PBL method of teaching Anatomy to Pharmacy students has strong positive impact in the general perception and knowledge build of the students in their 200 level studies despite the obvious challenges of the environment.
PREPARATION OF POLY ACRYLIC ACID HYDROGEL AND APPLICATION IN DIPHENYLHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE DRUG DELIVERY

Hydrogels are crosslinked polymeric materials that absorb and retain large amount of water or biological fluids. They are water-insoluble because of the crosslinks that chemically joined the three-dimensional network structure while their hydrophilicity is due to the presence of hydrophilic functional groups such as carbonyl, hydroxyl and amide across the polymeric chain. In this research, polyacrylic acid hydrogel was prepared via free-radical polymerization using potassium persulphate (KPS) and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as an initiator and crosslinker respectively. The synthesized hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The swelling capacity of the hydrogel was evaluated in solution of various pH (1-12) at 25C. The disappearance of peak at 1637cm due to vinyl C=C stretching in the final product indicated the successful formation of the hydrogel. The hydrogel exhibits a good swelling capacity ranging from 118-4536% depending on the pH of the media with higher % swelling obtained in basic media. Diphenylhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) drug was loaded into polymeric hydrogel via post-loading method, the concentration of DPH loaded and released was measured using UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 229.91 nm where 98% DPH loading was achieved. The in-vitro drug release of the DPH loaded hydrogel was studied in two different media SGF (simulated gastric fluid pH 1.2) and SIF (simulated intestinal fluid pH 7.4) at 37C for 48 hrs. The results obtained showed that 60% of DPH was released in SGF and 83% in SIF at the end of 48 hrs. Also, the prepared hydrogel was found to be pH sensitive and have excellent fluid absorption and retention ability hence the hydrogel has promising application as drug carrier in controlled drug release due to the efficiency it exhibited in DPH loading and release both in SGF and SIF.
Bimatoprost, a novel efficacious ocular hypotensive drug now recognized as a member of a new class of agents called prostamides

Pursuit of a new FP‐agonist prodrug led to the identification of an interesting series of neutral C1‐substituted prostaglandin F2α analogues. Although these initial analogues were devoid of any inherent pharmacological activity at the FP‐receptor, two compounds AGN‐190910 and AGN‐191129, were found to have pronounced effects in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive dogs and monkeys. The cat iris sphincter assay was quickly developed as a primary screen for these analogues, leading to rapid identification of AGN‐192024 (17‐phenyl PGF2α ethyl amide, bimatoprost). While bimatoprost is structurally similar to naturally occurring mammalian hormones of the prostanoid family, surprisingly it demonstrates no significant activity at any of the known prostanoid receptors. Furthermore, results of considerable additional pharmacological studies provide evidence that it may indeed act through a unique receptor yet to be identified. The effect of Bimatoprost on lowering IOP has also been found to be unique in comparison to prostanoids. Bimatoprost reduces human IOP by increasing aqueous humor outflow through a dual mechanism of action where it improves both pressure‐dependent and pressure‐independent outflow pathways. First introduced to the market in 2002, bimatoprost is currently the most potent single therapy available for control of ocular hypertension. Drug Dev Res 68:147–155, 2007. ©2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AN ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION TO HANDLE DDOS ATTACKS

Through this article, we try to offer alternative solutions to handle DDoS attacks. The discussion begins with a study of literature on DDoS attacks that include the mechanism of DDoS attack detection proposed by several researchers. The discussion then proceeded to propose alternative solutions to deal with DDoS attacks. The proposed alternative solution continues the research we have done before, using the SOM algorithm with added packet per flow feature for classifying incoming packet data. By doing the classification, can distinguish a normal data packet and abnormal one. Through the discussion in this article, we expected to contribute in the world of research, especially those related to system security issues.
Variation in nutritive value of plant parts of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

While it has been reported that leaves of subterranean clover are less digestible than stems, there is a lack of information on the variability of nutritive value of plant parts of subterranean clover. To determine the variation in nutritive value of leaf, petiole, stem and burr, an experiment with 26 cultivars of subterranean clover was conducted at Shenton Park Field Station, Perth, Western Australia. The cultivars were divided into 3 maturity groups according to flowering time and each cultivar was sown in blocks comprising 4 replicates. The plots were grazed by sheep at 2-weekly intervals. Plants were sampled at the vegetative stage before grazing and after the cessation of flowering. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) and nitrogen concentration of leaves, petioles, stems and burrs were determined. At the vegetative stage, there was no difference in DMD (P>0.05) among plant parts for most cultivars, and leaf had the highest (P<0.05) nitrogen concentration (4.8–5.4%). After the cessation of flowering, leaf had the highest DMD and nitrogen concentration (P<0.05). The DMD of plant parts differed significantly among cultivars (P<0.05). There was a slight decrease in DMD over time for leaves and a significant decrease in DMD for stems and petioles. These results suggest the main objective of grazing management of subterranean clover swards should be to increase the proportion of leaf material in the swards and that selection of leafy varieties by breeding could improve the late season digestibility of subterranean clover. Such management and breeding strategies would have value when the cultivars are in mixed pastures or used with supplements in summer.
Density Dependence in Spiny Lobster, Panulirus marginatus, in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

A positive linear relationship between the ratio of natural mortality to von Bertalanffy growth and catch per unit effort (CPUE) and a negative relationship between asymptotic length and CPUE were observed for the spiny lobster, Panulirus marginatus, among seven banks in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands prior to the development of a fishery (1977–81). Resampling two of these banks in 1986–87 after heavy fishing indicated an increase in the asymptotic length and a decrease in the length at onset of egg production.
VOLTINISM OF CALOPTERYX HAEMORRHOIDALIS, (VANDER LINDEN) IN THE SIERRA MORENA MOUNTAINS, SOUTHERN SPAIN (ZYGOPTERA: CALOPTERYGIDAE): A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Abstract Small sweep-net samples of larvae of Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis, obtained during five consecutive years from a permanent stream in the Sierra Morena Mountains, southern Spain, were combined according to month to infer the voltinism during the study period. Detailed records of head width, wing-sheath length and metamorphosis status for individual larvae are consistent with the population being mainly univoltine, a few individuals being semivoltine, and the life cycle being predominantly of the summer-species type.
Susceptibility of salmonid erythrocytes to lysis by bacterial lipopolysaccharides

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to have binding affinity for mammalian erythrocyte membranes but does not cause haemolysis. In this study, LPS from eight different bacterial species all possessed haemolytic activity for salmonid erythrocytes. There were some differences in haemolytic activity among the different bacterial LPS after 2 h incubation. Lytic titres continued to increase with time for some LPS species reaching extremely high litres after 20 h incubation for the Salmonella minnesota LPS. The LPS extracted by the hot-phenol method from extracellular products (ECP) of Aeromonas salmonicida was more haemolytic than that extracted from the bacterial cell walls. Separated lipid A- and O-antigen fractions of A. salmonicida LPS had a similar low haemolytic activity. When A. salmonicida LPS, lipid A- and O-antigen were pre-incubated with bovine serum albumin, only LPS extracted from ECP retained any haemolytic activity. The LPS types used in this study were not haemolytic for rabbit erythrocytes.