Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical points in the management of EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer

J Thorac Dis 2022;14(6):1748-1752 | https://dx.doi. org/10.21037/jtd-22-269 The success of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)targeted therapy has opened the era of precision medicine in lung cancer. High response rates and prolonged disease control reported with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) than conventional chemotherapy have dramatically changed the clinical prospects of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR-activating mutations. Their potential role and effectiveness in other setting—adjuvant and neoadjuvant—is currently the new goal to define. In clinical practice, an accurate molecular diagnosis and staging of malignancy remains crucial, especially for EGFRmutant NSCLC patients, considering the subsequent impact on their treatment management. Firstly, the use of low-dose computed tomography (CT) in early screening has increased number of patients with pulmonary nodules. In case of ground-glass opacity lesions, the location of the tumor through finger touch aloe is more difficult to identify, and secondly, positron emission tomography (PET)-CT easily makes false negatives. There are several methods for nodule localization, including CT-guided markings (blue dye, hookwire, others)—with their logistic problematic, involving pain and pneumothorax—and alternative method of pleural dye marking using radial endobronchial ultrasound and virtual bronchoscopy before performing sublobar pulmonary resection (1). Another more interesting scenario included some patients having confused radiological picture of multiple bilateral lung lesions without other sites of disease, where synchronous multiple primary lung cancers rather than contralateral metastases are the hardest diagnose to do. Clearly, pathological specimen obtained from both lesions is the best histopathological and molecular examination. Where not feasible for both nodules, and in presence of one of those diagnosed as “oncogenic-addicted” tumor, the use of targeted therapy as “neoadjuvant” choice could be one tool to help differentiate diagnoses of synchronous primary versus metastatic disease, as reported in a case report. A short course of 8 weeks gefitinib as neoadjuvant treatment significantly reduced size of left lung lesion, leading to radical surgical resection, without mortality or major morbidity presented, and confirming the presence of common exon 21 L858R point mutation. The Editorial
The Application of Deep Mixing Method for a River Wall and Finite Element Simulation

– This paper presents an application of using deep cement mixing method to construct a river wall. The geotechnical characteristics, construction sequence and its behaviours were presented in this paper. The behaviours of river wall were simulated by 3-dimensional finite element by using Midas GTS NX software. The different type of constitutive models of cement admixed clay were used in the analysis. The stress-strain simulation of stress path triaxial test for cement admixed clay was conducted using SoilTest feature in GTS NX software. The Mohr Coulomb model showed the best performance to predict the deformation characteristics of cement admixed Pasak Clay among UBCSand Model and Hardening Soil Model. The predicted stiffness from stress response develops overestimated the stiffness of cement mixed clay when having low mean stress. The three-dimensional finite element analysis can predict the overall behaviours of river wall improved with cement. The best model for cement admixed clay was Mohr Coulomb Model. This paper presents the behaviours of using deep mixing method (DMM) to improve the stability and serviceability of a river wall. The main objective of this wall is for dredging propose to enlarge a water channel of river. The construction sequence and its behaviour are discussed in this paper. Moreover, the 3-dimensional finite element analysis was used to simulate the wall behaviour. The evaluation of constitutive models with different stress path is discussed. The comparison of the stress response envelop of test results and model prediction is presented. Then, the simulation of river wall with DMM was done by using GTX NX software. the contributions of this work be as follows:
Unmet needs in the management of immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the potential role of caplacizumab in the UK—A modified‐Delphi study

Immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is an ultra‐rare, blood‐clotting disorder. Management historically relies on plasma exchange and immunosuppression; however, a 10%–20% mortality rate is still observed. Caplacizumab binds to von Willebrand factor and directly inhibits platelet aggregation; addition of caplacizumab to historical treatment induced faster resolution of platelet count in clinical trials. In 2019, a modified‐Delphi study was conducted with UK experts, to develop consensus statements on management of acute TTP and the potential role of caplacizumab. An unmet need was acknowledged, and areas requiring improvement included: time to diagnosis and treatment initiation; time to platelet normalisation (TTPN) during which patients remain at risk of persistent microvascular thrombosis and organ damage; and incidence of subsequent exacerbations and relapses. Caplacizumab addition to historical treatment within 24 h (after confirmatory ADAMTS13 [a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13] assay) would significantly reduce TTPN, which directly influences acute outcomes, with manageable bleeding risk and reduced burden on healthcare systems. Expert panellists agree that poor outcomes in iTTP largely result from failure to rapidly control microvascular thrombosis. Use of caplacizumab during a confirmed iTTP episode could offer better control and may plausibly improve long‐term outcomes. However, this consensus must be validated with further clinical trials and robust real‐world evidence.
EKF-LOAM: An Adaptive Fusion of LiDAR SLAM With Wheel Odometry and Inertial Data for Confined Spaces With Few Geometric Features

A precise localization system and a map that properly represents the environment are fundamental for several robotic applications. Traditional LiDAR SLAM algorithms are particularly susceptible to underestimating the distance covered by real robots in environments with few geometric features. Common industrial confined spaces, such as ducts and galleries, have long and homogeneous structures, which are difficult to map. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, the EKF-LOAM, which fuses wheel odometry and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) data into the LeGO-LOAM algorithm using an Extended Kalman Filter. For that, the EKF-LOAM uses a simple and lightweight adaptive covariance matrix based on the number of detected geometric features. Simulated and real-world experiments with the EspeleoRobô, a service robot designed to inspect confined places, show that the EKF-LOAM method reduces the underestimating problem, with improvements greater than 50% when compared to the original LeGO-LOAM algorithm. Note to Practitioners—This paper is motivated by the challenges of autonomous navigation for mobile ground robots within confined and unstructured environments. Here, we propose a data fusion framework that uses common sensors (such as LiDARs, wheel odometry, and inertial devices) to improve the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) capabilities of a robot without GPS and compass. This approach does not need artificial landmarks nor ideal light and, in scenarios with few geometric features, increases the performance of LiDAR SLAM techniques based on edge and planar features. We also provide a robust controller for the autonomous navigation of the robot during the mapping of a tunnel. Experiments carried out in simulation and real-world confined places show the effectiveness of our approach. In future work, we shall incorporate other sensors, such as cameras, to improve the SLAM process.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Fire Training Programs Administered by the Wyoming Department of Fire Prevention and Electrical Safety

The problem was there was no method to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of fire training programs administered by the Wyoming Department of Fire Prevention and Electrical Safety (WDFPES) Training Division. The purpose of the research project was to identify methods to evaluate the effectiveness of the WDFPES offered fire training programs. Using descriptive research, a detailed analysis of the problem was conducted to identify possible methods of evaluation. Four research questions were chosen to discern the methods of evaluation used by non-fire related organizations, the National Fire Academy (NFA), similar state fire training agencies, and the methods of evaluation currently used by the WDFPES. To answer the research questions, an extensive literature review was completed, questionnaires were mailed to similar state fire training agencies, interviews were conducted the NFA Evaluation Program Contract Service Provider, the Wyoming State Fire Training Director, and with government and industrial occupations. Numerous methods of evaluation and examples from non-fire related organizations were discovered as part of the literature review. It was also determined the WDFPES and the other contacted organizations primarily evaluate the immediate student reactions and measurable student learning after each course. Further evaluations of behavioral changes and long-term results are generally not conducted. By contrast, the NFA conducts long-term evaluations of both students and their supervisors to evaluate behavioral changes and long-term results. As a result from the applied research, it was recommended the WDFPES Training Division develop a comprehensive, systematic, and thorough evaluation system for all fire training programs offered. The evaluation system should include explicit long-term goals, systematic procedures to accomplish the goals, clearly defined criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of activities performed, and a data management system to collect information and produce reports demonstrating progress toward the defined goals. EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE TRAINING 4 Table of
PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS BETWEEN AGE AND WEIGHT AT FIRST SERVICE IN LOHI SHEEP

Data on breeding and performance of 1003 ewes sired by 56 rams kept at the Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadurnagar, Okara were analyzed by using Harvey's Mixed Model Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood Computer Program. Phenotypic correlation between age and weight at first service was 0.304 which was significant indicating that weight at first service will increase with increased age at first service. Genetic correlation of - 0.266 ± 0.193 between age and weight at first service indicated a genetic antagonism between the two traits.
Initial Experience with Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing with Conventional Stylet-Driven Extendable Screw-In Leads and New Pre-Shaped Delivery Sheaths

Until recently, left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAp) has mostly been performed using lumen-less fixed screw leads. There are limited data on LBBAp with conventional style-driven extendable screw-in (SDES) leads, particularly data performed by operators with no previous experience with LBBAp procedures. In total, 42 consecutive patients undergoing LBBAp using SDES leads and newly designed delivery sheaths (LBBAp group) were compared with those treated with conventional right ventricular pacing (RVp) for atrioventricular block (RVp group, n = 84) using propensity score matching (1:2 ratio). The LBBAp was successful in 83% (35/42) of patients, with satisfactory pacing thresholds (0.8 ± 0.2 V at 0.4 ms). In the LBBAp group, the mean paced-QRS duration obtained during RV apical pacing (173 ± 18 ms) was significantly reduced by LBBAp (116 ± 14 ms, p < 0.001). Compared with the RVp group, the LBBAp group showed more physiological pacing, suggested by a much narrower paced-QRS duration (116 ± 14 vs. 151 ± 21 ms, p < 0.001). The pacing threshold was comparable in both groups. The LBBAp group revealed stable pacing thresholds for 6.8 ± 4.8 months post-implant and no serious complications including lead dislodgement or septal perforation. The novel approach of LBBAp using SDES leads and the new dedicated pre-shaped delivery sheaths was effectively and safely performed, even by inexperienced operators with LBBAp procedures.
Directional Preference in Avian Midbrain Saliency Computing Nucleus Reflects a Well-Designed Receptive Field Structure

Simple Summary Directional preference neurons has been found in many vertebrate sensory systems. The isthmi pars magnocellularis (Imc) in avian midbrain, playing a key role in visual selective attention, shows impressive motion directional preference, but little is known about the physiological basis of this phenomenon. Herein, artificial visual stimuli, statistical analyses, and a neural computational model were used to unravel this mystery. This study deepens the understanding of the relationship between the directional preference and special receptive field structure of pigeon’s (Columba livia) Imc neuron. Abstract Neurons responding sensitively to motions in several rather than all directions have been identified in many sensory systems. Although this directional preference has been demonstrated by previous studies to exist in the isthmi pars magnocellularis (Imc) of pigeon (Columba livia), which plays a key role in the midbrain saliency computing network, the dynamic response characteristics and the physiological basis underlying this phenomenon are unclear. Herein, dots moving in 16 directions and a biologically plausible computational model were used. We found that pigeon Imc’s significant responses for objects moving in preferred directions benefit the long response duration and high instantaneous firing rate. Furthermore, the receptive field structures predicted by a computational model, which captures the actual directional tuning curves, agree with the real data collected from population Imc units. These results suggested that directional preference in Imc may be internally prebuilt by elongating the vertical axis of the receptive field, making predators attack from the dorsal-ventral direction and conspecifics flying away in the ventral-dorsal direction, more salient for avians, which is of great ecological and physiological significance for survival.
Enhanced Laterality Index: A Novel Measure for Hemispheric Asymmetry

During sleep, the two hemispheres display asymmetries in their activation pattern. Various hemispheric asymmetry measures have been utilized in existing works. Nevertheless, all these measures have one common problem that they would merely take one representative quantity into account when evaluating the functional asymmetry. However, there is a complex series of information exchanges between the two cerebral hemispheres, and only considering one quantity inevitably leads to one-sided or even incorrect conclusions. Consequently, to address the limitation of conventional laterality indices, we propose the so-called enhanced laterality index (ELI), which considers multiple measures of functional asymmetries. Normal sleep and obstructive sleep apnea electroencephalograms (EEGs) from 21 subjects collected in the clinical acquisition system are applied, and two representative quantities are considered simultaneously in this paper. We measure the signal complexity by using fuzzy entropy, and the signal strength is evaluated by calculating EEG energy. The difference of ELI is demonstrated by the comparison with the traditional laterality index (LI) in evaluating the functional asymmetry during sleep.
Synthetic Cannabinoids in Prisons: Content Analysis of TikToks

Background Synthetic cannabinoids are a significant public health concern, especially among incarcerated populations due to increased reports of abuse. Recent news reports have highlighted the severe consequences of K2/Spice, a synthetic cannabinoid, among the prison population in the United States. Despite regulations against cell phone use, inmates use TikTok to post K2/Spice-related content. Objective This study aimed to examine TikTok posts for use and illicit distribution of psychoactive substances (eg, K2/Spice) among incarcerated populations. Methods The study collected TikTok videos associated with the #k2spice hashtag and used a data collection approach similar to snowball sampling. Inductive coding was used to conduct content analysis of video characteristics. Videos were manually annotated to generate binary classifications related to the use of K2/Spice as well as selling and buying activities associated with it. Statistical analysis was used to determine associations between a video’s user engagement and an intent to buy or sell K2/Spice. Results A total of 89 TikTok videos with the hashtag #k2spice were manually coded, with 40% (n=36) identified as displaying the use, solicitation, or adverse effects of K2/Spice among the prison population. Of them, 44.44% (n=16) were in a prison-based setting documenting adverse effects including possible overdose. Videos with higher user engagement were positively correlated with comments indicating an intent to buy or sell K2/Spice. Conclusions K2/Spice is a drug subject to abuse among prison inmates in the United States, including depictions of its harmful effects being recorded and shared on TikTok. Lack of policy enforcement on TikTok and the need for better access to treatment services within the prison system may be exacerbating substance use among this highly vulnerable population. Minimizing the potential individual harm of this content on the incarcerated population should be a priority for social media platforms and the criminal justice system alike.
On the derivations of the Debye–Hückel equations

This work presents the derivations of basic thermodynamic properties and activity coefficients equations from the linearised Poisson–Boltzmann equation. We consider two main approaches, the first one is based in classical thermodynamics, which has been used in the original work of Debye and Hückel, leading to the model which has been an important cornerstone of electrolyte thermodynamics since its original publication in 1923. The second approach relies on more modern derivations based on statistical mechanics, the so-called charging approaches. Both derivation routes have differences and shortcomings. We demonstrate the necessary steps to reach all original models derived from the Debye–Hückel model and further explore their capabilities and limitations concerning individual ion, and mean ionic activity coefficients for different size dissimilarities scenarios between ions. One immediate conclusion is that there is an unnecessary consideration in the Debye and Hückel derivation which is cancelled by another one they have made, leading to a correct expression for the activity coefficient. Also, the long-lasting consideration that both the Debye and Güntelberg charging processes lead to the same thermodynamic properties is demonstrated to be inaccurate, as it is rigorously true only when a common distance of closest approach is used. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Pre-Service teachers’ management of student-initiated word searches in an EFL classroom

ABSTRACT Searching for unknown words is a common interactional practice of learners in EFL classrooms. Language teachers exploit learner-initiated word searches in several ways to promote learning opportunities. However, it can be more challenging for pre-service teachers during their teaching practicum, as it is their first contact with students in a real classroom. Therefore, it is worth analysing how pre-service teachers manage word searches in classroom interaction during their practicum. For this reason, we video-recorded 43 lessons of 16 pre-service EFL teachers doing their practicum at a high school in Turkey. We analysed student-initiated word searches and the orientations of the pre-service teachers to them. The results indicate that word searches are collaborative practices shaped by momentary the pedagogical focus, and the use of L1. Teachers attend to the word search by choosing the appropriate candidate word or providing reformulation for the negotiated words. When they do not attend to the word search, they may let it pass or prioritize fluency. Those two pathways will be discussed in relation to learning opportunities and teachers’ classroom interactional competence, and implications regarding EFL classrooms will be presented.
Pengaruh Online Customer Review dan Rating terhadap Kepercayaan dan Minat Pembelian pada Online Marketplace di Indonesia

Perkembangan teknologi telah membuat pergeseran perilaku berbelanja pelanggan dari offline ke online di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia, salah satunya ditandai dengan pertumbuhan e-commerce di seluruh dunia yang sedang mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Salah satu fitur yang terdapat pada online shop, Online Customer Review (OCR) baru-baru ini mendapat perhatian yang cukup besar, baik dalam komunitas akademis maupun bisnis pada hubungannya dengan minat pembelian pelanggan. OCR dianggap merupakan salah satu faktor yang cukup penting dalam memengaruhi kepercayaan maupun minat pembelian pelanggan. Penelitian sebelumnya membuktikan bahwa OCR memiliki pengaruh terhadap minat pembelian pelanggan di online shop. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak OCR pada online marketplace di Indonesia dengan menambahkan variabel baru yaitu rating. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan 313 responden dikumpulkan dari pengguna internet yang pernah berbelanja di online marketplace. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah OCR baik review maupun rating terbukti memiliki hubungan terhadap minat pembelian pelanggan dan menjadi salah satu fitur yang penting, namun bukan faktor yang menyebabkan meningkatnya kepercayaan pelanggan. Oleh karena itu perusahaan online marketplace harus menjadikan review dan rating sebagai salah satu tools marketing utama yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan perusahaan.
Progress in research on genetically modified sugarcane in South Africa and associated regulatory requirements

Research on improvement of sugarcane by genetic engineering has been undertaken by the South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI) for the last 18 years. Modifications include tolerance to herbicides (glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium) and the lepidopteran stalk borer Eldana saccharina via cry1A(b) gene insertion as well as perturbations to enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism (e.g., up- and/or down-regulation of phosphofructokinase and neutral invertase). Sugarcane containing these traits has been evaluated in confined field trials at SASRI. Field-grown transgenic material is subjected to agronomic characterization and molecular analysis to determine stability and heritability of the inserted characteristic over successive growing seasons/harvest cycles. Although no genetically modified (GM) sugarcane is grown commercially in South Africa, activities involving research and both trial and commercial release of GM crops in the country are regulated by the GMO Act (Act 15, 1997) which is administered by the Directorate Plant Genetic Resources of the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Field trials can be conducted on receipt of a Trial Release Permit (i.e., intentional introduction to the environment) once a transgenic line has undergone preliminary molecular screening. Permit conditions stipulate activities such as regular field inspections, submission of annual reports, appropriate monitoring and record-keeping and destruction of test material on termination of the trial. To release commercial GM sugarcane, a General Release Permit would be required but such applications are in abeyance while issues such as intellectual property and market-related issues are under scrutiny.