Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mineralogy and stratigraphy of the Gale crater rim, wall, and floor units

The Curiosity rover has detected diverse lithologies in float rocks and sedimentary units on the Gale crater floor, interpreted to have been transported from the rim. To understand their provenance, we examine the mineralogy and geology of Gale's rim, walls, and floor, using high‐resolution imagery and infrared spectra. While no significant differences in bedrock spectral properties were observed within most Thermal Emission Imaging System and Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) scenes, some CRISM scenes of rim and wall rocks showed olivine‐bearing bedrock accompanied by Fe/Mg phyllosilicates. Hydrated materials with 2.48 μm absorptions in Gale's eastern walls are spectrally similar to the sulfate unit in Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons). Sedimentary strata on the Gale floor southwest of the landing site, likely coeval with the Bradbury units explored by Curiosity, also are hydrated and/or have Fe/Mg phyllosilicates. Spectral properties of these phyllosilicates differ from the Al‐substituted nontronite detected by CRISM in Mount Sharp, suggesting formation by fluids of different composition. Geologic mapping of the crater floor shows that the hydrated or hydroxylated materials are typically overlain by spectrally undistinctive, erosionally resistant, cliff‐forming units. Additionally, a 4 km impact crater exposes >250 m of the Gale floor, including finely layered units. No basement rocks are exposed, thus indicating sedimentary deposits ≥250 m beneath strata studied by Curiosity. Collectively, the data indicate substantial sedimentary infill of Gale crater, including some materials derived from the crater rim. Lowermost thin layers are consistent with deposition in a lacustrine environment; interbedded hydrated/hydroxylated units may signify changing environmental conditions, perhaps in a drying or episodically dry lake bed.
Reconciling seismicity and geodetic locking depths on the Anza section of the San Jacinto fault

Observations from the Anza section of the San Jacinto Fault in Southern California reveal that microseismicity extends to depths of 15–18 km, while the geodetically determined locking depth is less than ~10 km. This contrasts with observations from other major faults in the region and also with predictions of fault models assuming a simple layered distribution of frictional properties with depth. We suggest that an anomalously shallow geodetic fault locking may result from a transition zone at the bottom of seismogenic layer with spatially heterogeneous frictional properties. Numerical models of faults that incorporate stochastic heterogeneity at transitional depths successfully reproduce the observed depth relation between seismicity and geodetic locking, as well as complex spatiotemporal patterns of microseismicity with relatively scarce repeating earthquakes. Our models predict propagation of large earthquakes to the bottom of the transition zone, and ubiquitous aseismic transients below the locked zone, potentially observable using high‐precision geodetic techniques.
The role of permafrost in shaping the Late Glacial relief of northern Poland

Abstract The presence of permafrost in Poland north of the line indicating the maximum ice extent of the Vistulian (Weichselian) glaciation after retreat of the land-ice cap has been a subject of debate for a long time. Investigations in an area at the line of the maximum ice extent of the Pomeranian phase prove that permafrost existed, indeed, after the ice retreat. This conclusion is drawn on the basis of morphological data (the presence of oriented kettle holes), sedimentological data (the nature of the infilling of the kettle holes) and pedological data (permafrost-affected horizons in soil profiles). It appears that the permafrost mostly developed in the ice-free zone that appeared after the retreat of the land-ice cap, but it is likely that some relict permafrost that had originated earlier in front of advancing ice was also still present. The landscape of northern Poland owes its relief partly to the Late Glacial permafrost.
Efficient Integration of a Storm Surge Model into a Multidisciplinary Agent Based Model Framework

ABSTRACT Garzon, J.L. ; Ferreira, C. ; Dalrymple, R. A. , and Guikema, S.D. , 2016. Efficient integration of a storm surge model into a multidisciplinary agent based model framework. In: Vila-Concejo, A. ; Bruce, E. ; Kennedy, D.M. , and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 1082 - 1086. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Multiple hurricanes have impacted coastal areas of the USA and they represent one of the most costly natural hazards in the country. In an effort to comprehend the regional vulnerability and resilience to these hazards, a multi-disciplinary team is developing an novel framework, the Integrated Hazard, Impact, and Resilience Model (IHIRM). Storm surge modelling is a key role of this framework and inundation from multiple scenarios will be estimated by using a hydrodynamic model (ADCIRC) and a wave model (SWAN). Simulating a large number of storm surge scenarios requires a considerable computational effort and therefore the trade-offs between cost and accuracy must be investigated. Initially, model response sensitivity to numerical mesh resolution was performed for Hurricanes Irene (2011) and Sandy (2012). Results from the moderate and high resolution meshes provided similar values, while the increase of computational time was substantial. Secondly, we explored the difference between the maximum water levels simulated with ADCIRC and with the coupled version ADCIRC+SWAN (i.e., contribution of wave setup during the peak of the storm). The contribution of wave setup to the overall water levels was less than 0.1 m inside the Chesapeake Bay and 0.5 m outside the Bay. Additionally, the computational time significantly increased for the coupled version simulation. Hence, neglecting the contribution of wave setup in areas like the upper Chesapeake Bay would not have a significant impact on the surge estimates and a considerable amount of resources would be saved. Conversely, wave setup must be considered at open coast areas.
Poor Motor Competence Affects Functional Capacities and Healthcare in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Background: From a young age, children learn different motor skills known as fundamental motor skills. The acquisition of these skills is crucial for the future development of context-tailored actions that could improve adherence to physical activity (PA) practice. Motor competence and function deficits have been associated with pediatric obesity. We reviewed the literature data regarding motor competence in pediatrics and impaired motor performance in children and adolescents with obesity. Methods: We assessed the abstracts of the available literature (n = 110) and reviewed the full texts of potentially relevant articles (n = 65) that were analyzed to provide a critical discussion. Results: Children and adolescents with obesity show impaired motor performance, executive functions, postural control, and motor coordination. Children’s age represents a crucial point in the development of motor skills. Early interventions are crucial to preventing declines in motor proficiency and impacting children’s PA and overall fitness levels. Conclusions: To involve children, the PA protocol must be fun and tailored in consideration of several aspects, such as clinical picture, level of physical fitness, and motor skills. A supervised adapted exercise program is useful to personalized PA programs from an early pediatric age.
Modeling Anisotropic Electrical Conductivity of Blood: Translating Microscale Effects of Red Blood Cell Motion into a Macroscale Property of Blood

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading global cause of mortality. The current standard diagnostic methods, such as imaging and invasive procedures, are relatively expensive and partly connected with risks to the patient. Bioimpedance measurements hold the promise to offer rapid, safe, and low-cost alternative diagnostic methods. In the realm of cardiovascular diseases, bioimpedance methods rely on the changing electrical conductivity of blood, which depends on the local hemodynamics. However, the exact dependence of blood conductivity on the hemodynamic parameters is not yet fully understood, and the existing models for this dependence are limited to rather academic flow fields in straight pipes or channels. In this work, we suggest two closely connected anisotropic electrical conductivity models for blood in general three-dimensional flows, which consider the orientation and alignment of red blood cells (RBCs) in shear flows. In shear flows, RBCs adopt preferred orientations through a rotation of their membrane known as tank-treading motion. The two models are built on two different assumptions as to which hemodynamic characteristic determines the preferred orientation. The models are evaluated in two example simulations of blood flow. In a straight rigid vessel, the models coincide and are in accordance with experimental observations. In a simplified aorta geometry, the models yield different results. These differences are analyzed quantitatively, but a validation of the models with experiments is yet outstanding.
Research and Optimization of High-Performance Front-End Circuit Noise for Inertial Sensors

An inertial sensor is a crucial payload in China’s Taiji program for space gravitational wave detection. The performance of the capacitive displacement sensing circuit in the low-frequency band (0.1 mHz to 1 Hz) is extremely important because it directly determines the sensitivity of the space gravitational wave detection missions. Therefore, significant, yet challenging, tasks include decreasing the low-frequency noise in capacitive displacement sensing circuits and improving the capacitive sensing resolution. This study analyzes the noise characteristics of the pre-amplifier circuit within the capacitive sensing circuit, achieves precise tuning of the transformer bridge, and examines how transformer parameters affect noise. In addition, this study introduces a method using a discrete JFET to reduce the operational amplifier current noise and analyzes how feedback resistance and capacitance in TIA circuits affect the overall circuit noise. The proportional relationship between different transformer noises and TIA noise before and after optimization was analyzed and experimentally verified. Finally, an optimized TIA circuit and a superior transformer were utilized to achieve an increase in the capacitive sensing resolution from 1.095 aF/rtHz @ 10 mHz to 0.84 aF/rtHz @ 10 mHz, while improving the performance by 23%. These findings provide valuable insights into further decreasing circuit noise and increasing the capacitive sensing resolution.
ASPARAGUS CULTIVAR EVALUATION TRIALS IN THE SACRAMENTO-SAN JOAQUIN DELTA REGION OF CALIFORNIA

For the past three seasons, data on asparagus marketable yield, spear number and average spear weight have been collected from two furrow-irrigated cultivar trials in California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Region. In addition, the first full-harvest-season data was taken on a new, drip irrigated asparagus cultivar trial. Asparagus establishment was accomplished with the use of one-year-old crowns and 10-week-old seedlings. International Asparagus Cultivar Evaluation Trial II, established in 1995 on Roberts Island near Stockton, California, contains 18 replicated cultivars and 17 single replication observation cultivars. Highest replicated trial marketable yield was attained by UC 157F1 one-year-old crowns at 5,154 kg/ha (kilograms per hectare), followed by 10-week-old, seedling-planted cultivars UC 157F1 (4,462 kg/ha), UCR 8 (3,907 kg/ha) and UCR 7 (3,899 kg/ha). All of these cultivars exhibited excellent spear quality (tight tips at 23 cm or greater spear length, spear straightness, uniform color). Spear weight at 23 cm trimmed length ranged from 22.3 g to 32.4 g. Best observation cultivar marketable yield came from Golia (4,621 kg/ha), followed by 89P72 (4,453 kg/ha), Eros (4, 263 kg/ha), Tainan #2 (4,031 kg/ha) and DA 911 (4,004 kg/ha). UCR 115, DA 911, 89P72 and Golia provided the best spear quality. Spear weight varied from 21.2 g to 32.7 g. Another asparagus cultivar evaluation trial on Victoria Island, in a field using subsurface drip irrigation, was harvested for the first complete season in 2000. Twelve replicated and eleven observation cultivars make up the trial that was established with one-year-old asparagus crowns. Greatest replicated trial marketable yield occurred with Atlas (9,176 kg/ha), followed by UC 157F1 (6,943 kg/ha), Grande (6,553 kg/ha) and UCR 115 (6,451 kg/ha). These same cultivars produced excellent spear quality; spear weight ranged from 27.9 g to 42.5 g. Best marketable yield in the observation cultivars came from Cipres (9,718 kg/ha), UCR 69 (9,187 kg/ha), UCR 122 (6,905 kg/ha) and PLA-2232 (6,662 kg/ha). UCR 69, UCR 122, UCR 96 and UCR 64 provided the best spear quality; spear weight varied from 22.3 g to 43.8 g. A final asparagus cultivar evaluation trial, established on King Island with one-year-old asparagus crowns in 1997, contains 7 replicated and 6 observation cultivars. Plagued by disease (Fusarium) and insect (garden symphylan) problems, this trial has never produced well. Best replicated production came from UCR 5 (2,987 kg/ha), UCR 4 (2,854 kg/ha) and UCR 10 (2,394) kg/ha. UC 157F1, UCR 5, UCR 7 and UCR 4 gave the best spear quality, while spear weight ranged from 17.8 g to 24.6 g. The best observation cultivar in yield and quality was F145 x A1 (3,149 kg/ha).
The role of general surgery consultations on patient diagnosis and treatment in the Tertiary Medical Center

Background: The field of general surgery is an important one in medicine. It includes the systems and organs connected to practically every bodily part. Because of this, general surgery is frequently requested for consultation and has a significant role in emergency service applications. The study’s objective is to evaluate general surgery consultations based on their specific attributes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 814 patients who were consulted at our hospital’s general surgery clinic between January and June 2021. The departments requesting consultation, the reasons for the consultation, the examinations requested before and after the consultation, and the decisions made after the consultation were evaluated. Results: The department that required the most consultation from the general surgery branch was the emergency department with 91.5% the most common reason for consultation is nonspecific abdominal pain with 18.1% has been seen. General surgery consultation in patients presenting with abdominal specific complaints, previously ultrasonography and computed tomography were requested in 88.6% of patients. Conclusion: The fact that physicians request unnecessary consultations and resort to advanced imaging examinations with the reservation of malpractice leads to an increase in both cost and intensity for the health system. Requesting a consultation in conditions where it is more necessary will relieve the intensity of the health system.
Interpretable clustering methods

Clustering is a task that divides objects into groups based on the similarity between objects. It is usually used as a tool for exploratory knowledge discovery, i.e., it is used to extract potentially useful and previously unknown knowledge from data, before experts have any insight. Because of the exploratory nature of clustering tasks, it is usually not adequate to simply provide clustering results that separate samples into groups. The domain scientists or data analysts in general also want to gain insight into the data. Therefore, it is desired to develop interpretable clustering models, which help the experts to attain deeper knowledge, by understanding what characterizes a cluster and how a cluster is distinguished from others. This dissertation focuses on improving interpretability of clustering algorithms by targeting the following three aspects: 1) Clustering with interpretable rules. One possible strategy to improve interpretability is to describe the clusters using interpretable rules. This dissertation first introduces a model that defines each cluster using rectangular decision rules with all features. Based on this model, a generative model and a discriminative model are developed to incorporate feature selection, which use a subset of features to define each cluster. 2) Interpretable clustering with similarity matrices. Similarity-matrix-based clustering methods are usually less interpretable. This dissertation introduces a clustering model that improves interpretability of similarity-matrix-based clustering methods. This model generates a set of interpretable rules for each cluster, using a subset of selected features in a feature matrix; and at the same time, it forces the clustering results to be consistent with the observed similarity matrix. 3) Interpretable crowdclustering with partition labels. Most existing crowdclustering methods analyze pairwise similarity labels provided by different experts, without explaining how different expert solutions are related. This dissertation presents a crowdclustering method that analyzes the partition labels from experts. This model explicitly learns the relationship between the latent consensus cluster solution and each expert solution, revealing the agreements and disagreements across different experts. The methods introduced in this dissertation are applied to discover subtypes of a heterogeneous lung disease, called Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Effective contact of cattle and feral swine facilitating potential foot-and-mouth disease virus transmission in southern Texas, USA rangeland

Effective Contact of Cattle and Feral Swine Facilitating Potential Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Transmission in Southern Texas, USA, Rangeland. (May 2007) Guadalupe R. de la Garza, III, B. S. , Texas A&M University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Susan M. Cooper Dr. H. Morgan Scott The focus of this investigation was to address the vulnerability of rangeland animal agriculture in the United States (U.S.) to the introduction of agents of foreign animal diseases (FAD); particularly, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDv). I examined rates of interand intra-species contacts between domestic cattle and feral swine (Sus scrofa) on rangeland in southern Texas. This study provides empirical data necessary for better epidemiological modeling of potential transfer of diseases between infected and susceptible rangeland animals. My objective was to estimate the rate of effective interand intra-species direct and indirect contact (i.e., animal contact that could result in effective disease agent transmission) as a function of time and space, relative to biological and ecological aspects of transmission. An extensive literature review of biological and ecological characteristics, conducive to effective contact that are sufficient to permit transmission of the infectious agent (Abbey 1952), was conducted. My objective was achieved through systematic data collection and analysis of empirical animal contact data recorded through use of animals fitted with global positioning system (GPS) radiotelemetry collars. Geospatial and temporally referenced interand intra-species contact data were analyzed using 1) basic descriptive
Monitoring of the right ventricular responses to pressure overload: prognostic value and usefulness of echocardiography for clinical decision-making

Regardless of whether pulmonary hypertension (PH) results from increased pulmonary venous pressure in left-sided heart diseases or from vascular remodeling and/or obstructions in pre-capillary pulmonary vessels, overload-induced right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and its final transition into right-sided heart failure is a major cause of death in PH patients. Being particularly suited for non-invasive monitoring of the right-sided heart, echocardiography has become a useful tool for optimizing the therapeutic decision-making and evaluation of therapy results in PH. The review provides an updated overview on the pathophysiological insights of heart-lung interactions in PH of different etiology, as well as on the diagnostic and prognostic value of echocardiography for monitoring RV responses to pressure overload. The article focuses particularly on the usefulness of echocardiography for predicting life-threatening aggravation of RV dysfunction in transplant candidates with precapillary PH, as well as for preoperative prediction of post-operative RV failure in patients with primary end-stage left ventricular (LV) failure necessitating heart transplantation or a LV assist device implantation. In transplant candidates with refractory pulmonary arterial hypertension, a timely prediction of impending RV decompensation can contribute to reduce both the mortality risk on the transplant list and the early post-transplant complications caused by severe RV dysfunction, and also to avoid combined heart-lung transplantation. The review also focuses on the usefulness of echocardiography for monitoring the right-sided heart in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, particularly in those with refractory respiratory failure requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Given the pathophysiologic particularity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection to be associated with a high incidence of thrombotic microangiopathy-induced increase in the pulmonary resistance, echocardiography can improve the selection of temporary mechanical cardio-respiratory support strategies and can therefore contribute to the reduction of mortality rates. On the whole, the review aims to provide a theoretical and practical basis for those who are or intend in the future to be engaged in this highly demanding field.
Hedging against erosion

AN old conservation practice has the potential to be a valuable tool in our arsenal of erosion control technology—using narrow strips of stiff, erect grass to trap sediment, build bioterraces, diffuse concentrated flows of runoff water, and protect downwind soils and crops from wind erosion. This erosion control practice is not new to the United States, but it seldom has been used in recent years. It has been far more extensively applied in the tropical countries. Reflections of international aid The United States spends millions of dollars annually attempting to transfer technology to developing countries to help them do a better job of conserving their soil and water resources. Experience has shown that decision-makers are more likely to adopt a practice when they have participated in the development of at least part of the underlying theory. One of the major impediments to acceptance of new ideas is the resistance of individuals who have invested in the status quo. Having recognized this impediment …