Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GINGIVAL THICKNESS AND MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS RELATED TO MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISORS IN A UNIVERSITY STUDENT POPULATION

Aim: To evaluate the distribution of gingival biotype among a young adult population and its correlation with morphometric data related to maxillary central incisors. Methods: Only volunteers with healthy periodontium were included. Clinical parameters for maxillary central incisors were: Crown width/crown length ratio (CW/CL), gingival width (GW), probing depth (PD), and gingival thickness (GT). A periodontal probe was inserted in the midbuccal sulcus of the incisor to visually examine gingival thickness. Results: The overall means for CW/CL, GW, and PD were 0.78 ±0.07, 5.82 ±1.25 mm, and 1.56 ±0.40 mm, respectively. Volunteers with clear thin-scalloped gingiva, the means for CW/CL, GW, and PD were 0.70 ±0.01, 4.85 ±0.84 mm, and 1.52 ±0.50 mm, respectively. Mean values for participants with clear thick-flat gingiva were 0.81 ±0.07, 6.30 ±1.10 mm, and 2.30 ±0.71 mm, respectively. All these values were statistically significant between the thin-scalloped and thick-flat biotypes (p<0.05). Conclusions: Gingival biotype could be determined by uncomplicated clinical examination. The different biotypes are equally distributed between genders and there is an equal chance for a young adult to have a thin-scalloped (27%) or thick-flat (29%) biotype. Correlation is present between thick-flat gingiva and greater values of the clinical parameters CW/CL, GW, and PD.
A Cross Sectional Study On The Coverage Of Immunization In The Slums Of Western Uttar Pradesh, India

Context: A growing focus on the growing urban slums and the worsening health problems among the slum dwellers. No current information is available on the status of immunization coverage in the slums of Meerut. Aims: To determine the immunization coverage in the slums of Meerut, and to study the awareness and utilization of the immunization services. Settings and Design: The entire slums of Urban Meerut, a cross-sectional study Methods and Material: By the WHO 30 cluster sampling technique, 30 slums were selected from the list of all the slums in Meerut. 216 mothers with children in the age group of 12-23 months were selected, with 7 mothers from each slum. Interviews were held with the selected mothers by using a pretested questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics Results: More than half of the children (51.9%) were un-immunized. One third of the mothers (34.7%) had no idea about the place of immunization. Among the children who were either partially or fully immunized, 77.9% had received immunization from the government health facility. The most common reason for partial or no immunization was the lack of information (77.2%). The dropout rate for complete immunization was found to be 32.7% Conclusions: The immunization coverage was very poor and the most common reason was the lack of information about the need of immunization, which indicates the importance of Information Education and Communication (IEC) activities in the slums.
Difference between two Subcarrier Mapping Techniques IOFDMA and LOFDMA

: OFDMA is one of the promising candidates for wireless communication. In the subcarrier mapping, the two most important subcarrier mapping techniques namely Interleaved and Localized mapping techniques are being considered. OFDMA is a method that assigns different groups of subcarriers to different users. When an interleaved technique is implemented with OFDMA, it is known as interleaved OFDMA (I-OFDMA) and when localized technique is implemented with OFDMA, it is known as localized OFDMA (L-OFDMA).
Prevalence of Radiological Abnormalities Among Psychiatric Inpatients: A Study from the United Arab Emirates

Background: This is a cross sectional retrospective study aimed to estimate the prevalence of brain aberrations visible on computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in psychiatric patients admitted to the main tertiary hospital of Alain city in the United Arab Emirates. Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2013, 1,586 patients were admitted study of patients admitted to the psychiatric ward in Al Ain Hospital. Head CT or brain MRI was requested for 295 (19%) patients. Results: Ninety-four (31.8%) of the 295 patients had abnormalities on the CT or MRI. The most common finding was calcification, detected in 21 (22.3%) patients. The most common site of calcification was the basal ganglia (15 patients, or 16%). Multiple site involvements were also common (16 patients, or 17%). Other types of brain abnormalities included evolutionary changes (dilated ventricles, atrophy and prominent sulci) reported in 13 patients which represent 4.4% of the total sample and 13.8% of those with positive findings. Similar number was reported for patients with findings of vascular lesions (ischemic changes / infarction). Basal ganglia was the most common site of reported involvement occurring in 19 subjects and representing 6.4% of the total sample and 20.2% of those with positive findings. Common age at presentation with positive findings was 30-39y. Conclusions: Radiological abnormalities are common among psychiatric inpatients. Future studies are needed to identify the potential significance of these findings and correlate them with patient’s psychopathology.
Climate Smart Agriculture for Improving Crop Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21

Climate change and agriculture are interlinked and affect each other globally. The global population continues to rise while food and nutritional insecurity remain main global challenges facing humanity. Traditional agriculture methods need transformation to climate smart agriculture (CSA) approaches that have potential to improve food production amidst climate change realities. The review aimed at evaluation of published literature on CSA, establishment of CSA linkages with national development plans for Uganda and Ethiopia, African Union Agenda 2063, UN Sustainable Development Goals and CSA contribution to biodiversity conservation across the globe. Additionally, the review aimed at identifying opportunities and challenges of CSA in the 21 st Century and recommend possible options for all stakeholders for improved income, environmental conservation, and food and nutritional security. Literature search from 2000-2019 was carried out using key words and key phrases in relevant journals and authentic websites. It was found out that CSA supports three pillars: 1) Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes, 2) Adapting and building resilience to climate change, 3) Climate change mitigation and contributes to Biodiversity Conservation and management. CSA approach has potential to improves food security and farmers’ income. CSA has a vast number of opportunities that include availability of crop genetic diversity, availability of interested CSA researchers, gene banks for genome resources for CSA crop enhancement; enhanced technology for CSA practices that can be accessed by farmers and vibrant research organizations and donor agencies interested in promoting CSA approaches. CSA challenges were identified to include: limited technical and financial capacity and negative attitude from smallholder farmers. It was concluded that CSA approach is a better option for the present and centuries to come farmers across the globe for the attainment of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2015-20130, UN Agenda 2063 and national development plants of most African countries including Uganda and Ethiopia. The review recommended that capacity building for farmers and researchers need to be done and governments and donor agencies should provide soft CSA loans to farmers to supporting CSA practices and technologies in all developing countries and the approach should be adopted by all the farmers and be promoted by all stakeholders at all levels in both the present and future centuries.
Chondroprotection Validation

Symptomatic OA is generally defined by the presence of pain, aching, or stiffness in a joint with radiographic OA. The age-standardized prevalence of symptomatic hand and knee OA is 6.8% and 4.9%, respectively, in Framingham subjects age ≥26 years. However, prevalence of symptomatic knee OA was 16.7% among subjects age ≥45 in the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, much higher than that reported in the Framingham Study. About 9% of subjects in the Johnston County study had symptomatic hip OA [1].
Bridging Defects in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Using Peripheral Nerve Grafts: From Basic Science to Clinical Experience

Nerve grafting of the injured spinal cord should pursue a sixfold attack: lysing the fibrosis/gliosis to an extent that allows settling of the basal lamina preventing mean‐ while collapse of the neural tissue matrix; supplying the tissue matrix with a suitable scaffold, on which the basal lamina can settle; basal lamina synthesis; seeding the basal lamina with cell adhesion molecules; providing the axonal growth cone with neurite outgrowth promoting factors that allow its distal progression; supplying the axonal growth cone with neurotrophic factors that power its continued growth. In addition to this, the intrinsic properties of the neurons should be stimulated, possibly through modulating the function of astrocytes by heparin, aspirin and other factors. Nerve side grafting of the cord increases the incidence of nerve regeneration by applying additional grafts extending from the side of the donor end of the cord to the side of the recipient end. Also, it allows the surgeon to enhance regeneration through a partially regenerat‐ ed cord. During surgery, after establishment of CSF circulation, a long-lasting indwelling catheter has to be inserted for postoperative drug and cell delivery. This allows for continual lysis of the gliosis by chondroitinase ABC, sialidase and other factors.
Development of a reliable and valid questionnaire considering Indian hospital’s perspective of globalization of health in context to India

New opportunities and challenges has been created by liberalization of trade in healthcare sector specially in low and middle income group countries to provide effective and efficient healthcare services. Objective of this study was to develop a self administered questionnaire to address hospital’s perspective of globalization of health in context to India. Attributes of Indian hospital’s perspective in terms of globalization of health were derived from intensive interviews of managers of international wings of Indian hospitals, doctors treating international patients and through literature reviews to arrive at an item questionnaire. Each item was evaluated on a five point Likert scale so that higher scores indicated a more favorable response. 50 subjects were enrolled for this study. Their baseline scores were analyzed on the questionnaire and subjected to item analysis, validity and reliability testing. Based on the information meaningful items were retained and interpreted based on their statistical properties. Reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through cronbach’s alpha using spss software version 20. Results shows that during item analysis sixteen items were discarded resulting in a valid and reliable questionnaire. Internal consistency of all the sections of the questionnaire together was 0.920 measured by cronbach’s alpha with the help of spss software. Reliability coefficient of individual sections of questionnaire (different subscales) were also calculated and were 0.794 0.817, 0.651, 0.766 and 0.888 respectively. Guttman splithalf reliability coefficient was indicating that the two halves of the questionnaire provided consistent information. The Questionnaire underwent rigorous development, had reliable and valid properties. This questionnaire is intended to help in considering and measuring perspective of Indian hospitals catering to medical tourists about globalization of health. Keywords— Reliability, validity, globalization, item analysis, internal consistency, questionnaire Guttman split half reliability coefficient.
Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in MBBS students of Govt. Medical College, Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh

Introduction: Hypertension or increased blood pressure is a major public health problem in India. Medical students are very susceptible to hypertension. Objectives: 1) To estimate the prevalence of hypertension among medical students. 2) To identify the determinants of hypertension. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study done among the students of Govt. Medical College Kannauj. A total of 558 subjects, aged 17 to 21 years, 305 boys and 253 girls were included. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: Prevalence of hypertension among medical students was 18.5%. A significant association of hypertension with males (OR=0.328), family history of hypertension (OR=2.812) level of physical activity (OR=0.395) and BMI (OR=3.710) and academic performance (OR=2.611) was observed. Conclusions: A high prevalence of hypertension was found among medical students. BMI and physical activity are the modifiable factors associated with hypertension which can be addressed to reduce the magnitude of hypertension in this study group.
Impact of deficient electricity supply on the operations of small scale businesses in North East Nigeria

Electricity supply in Nigeria has been erratic. Consumers of electricity (residential, commercial and industrial consumers) suffer untold hardship as the State Owned Enterprise; the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) has been unable to supply reliable power. This is despite massive injections of funds by the Federal Government into the operations of the company over the years. The failure has significantly impacted negatively on the operations of the business sector especially the small scale subsector that operates with little capital and are thus in most cases unable to afford a back-up facility to ensure un-interrupted power supply for their operations. The study examined the impact of deficient electric power supply on the operations of small scale businesses operating in north east of Nigeria. From the population of small scale businesses, a sample was selected through the use of stratified random sampling to ensure the effective representation of the population of small scale businesses in north east Nigeria. Result from data analysis indicates the severity of electricity supply outages and the costs imposed by power supply outages on the operation of this class of businesses in the region. The paper therefore recommends the need for policy attention towards revitalizing the electricity sector of Nigeria for enhanced supply of electricity to the national economy. When this is achieved, the small business sub-sector will be in a position to effectively lead in the drive towards industrializing the Nigerian economy.
Characterization of Leishmania species by using Isozyme analysis

A prospective study was done on 96 patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) attending to Al-Karamah Teaching Hospital in Iraq, during a period from November, 2014 to January, 2015. All samples were investigated for Leishmania amastig otes by Giemsa-stained smear were gave positive 68(70.8%); however the Novy Macneal Nicolle (NNN) culture led to the growth of promastigotes in all samples 60 (62.5 %). Also the characterization of the parasites by Isozyme analysis revealed 100% posit ive. Our results showed that the highest number of patients 41 (42.7%) was in age group ( 21-30) years old and 51(53.2%) of CL patients were had wet lesions while 45 (46.8%) had dry lesions, most of them in arm. The statistical analyses were carried out with Mi nitab version.
EFFECT OF PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT ON SELF ESTEEM AND LIFE SATISFACTION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The purpose of the present study was to study the effect of perceived social support on self-esteem and life satisfaction of university students. Gender differences of perceived social support, self-esteem and life satisfaction, among the participants were also investigated. The sample for the present study consisted of total of 100 participants 50 male and 50 female undergraduate/graduate/postgraduate students from University of Karachi. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988), Self esteem Scale (Rosenberg, M. (1965), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin (1985) were administered to the partici pants. Results indicated no significant differences in perceived social support from family gender but a significant difference was found out for the perceived social support from friends. Also, it was found that female university students have a higher satisfaction with life as compared to male university students but self-esteem among the gender has no difference. Finally, the findings revealed that higher the level of perceived social support has higher self-esteem but lower the life satisfaction.These findings will be useful in assisting educators, counselors, psychologist, and researchers to develop strategies to increase perceived social support in the students thereby enhancing their satisfaction with life.
Customers’ Switching Intention in Oman’s Banking Industry

Throughout early 2012, Oman allowed the Islamic banking for the first time as a response to a public demand during what was called "Arab spring". Consequently, this study presumed that, such new entry will create impact on the customers’ switching intention as customers may intent to switch to the new Islamic banks. The main objective of this study is to identify the factors that influencing customers' intention to switch banks in general and the impact created by the need to Islamic banking in Oman in particular. Nonetheless, the initial literature reviews has not cited the need for Islamic banking products among the common switching factors; however, face to face interviews with bank customers revealed that, the need for Islamic banking product was one of the influencing factors. Therefore, it has been added to this study as variable to test the expected influence and the impact on switching intention without going deeply into the concept of Islamic banking. The method used is qualitative approach in the form of interview with focus groups, in this respect, face-to-face interviews of selected customers from 6 different banks in Oman were conducted to show the impact on customers’ intention to switch conventional banks to Islamic banks. The interview outcome assisted to get a richness and depth of data and information on the impact created by the introduction of Islamic banking in Oman on customers’ intention to switch conventional banks to Islamic banks. The interview outcomes suggest that more than half of respondents are inclined to transfer to Islamic banking despite the fact that 64% are satisfied with their current banks. Hence, it can be concluded that faith has an influence on customer decisions and that is considered to be the impact created by the Islamic banking on Oman’s banking industry. Journal of Business & Financial Affairs J o u r n a l o f B usi ness & Finncial Af f a i r s
“Body and Soul Pain”

Violence is a problem to be understood in an interdisciplinary way. This qualitative study aimed to understand the conception of women who experienced marital violence and structurally analyze their social support networks. Five women who reported their spouses to the Women’s Police Station (DECCM) and were being monitored by the Technical Team of the Women’s Emergency Support Service (SAPEM) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. A constructive-interpretive analysis was performed to identify the conceptions of experience of marital violence and through the Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM) it was possible to make an analysis and a graphic representation of the social support network for the women participating in this study. In general, it was observed that all women understand physical violence as actions that cause damage to the human anatomical and physiological structure. However, their conceptions are not limited to physical injury; they are also related to affective issues. For the participants, conjugal violence is not fragmented into “types of violence”, on the contrary, it occurs “agglutinated”, affecting the body and soul. Regarding the development of women’s social support network, they all have a family member as support – usually sons/daughters or mothers – and most of them count on the SAPEM technical team. The police station/police is also part of the network. Therefore, these tactics used in the social support network structure have different mechanisms by which the women reorganized their stories, electing some people and/or institutions, excluding others, highlighting this or that person and/or institution to make them agents for minimizing threatening behavior to themselves and their families. These people, when called in, seem to act either to curb violence and to strengthen the couple’s marital bonds or to break these bonds
Level of Bullying Behavior and its Relation to Gender and Age among Adolescents in Al-Nassera City

The current study aimed to identify the level of bullying behavior and its relation to gender and age among adolescents. The sample consisted of (441) students, who were randomly chosen from public prep and secondary schools in in Al-Nassera City. Bullying behavior scale utilized and developed by the author after verifying its validity and reliability. The results showed that the mean scores of the participants on the total instrument for bullying among adolescents (1.70) with medium level, the results also showed that there are no statistically significant significances in the level of bullying behavior among the participants attributed to gender and age. In the light of the findings of the study, the author recommended the need to draw the attention of officials and educators to draw and develop plans and strategies governing all the forms of bullying behavior among adolescents and providing the adolescents with awareness to confront the bullying behavior. Keywords : Bullying behavior, adolescents, public schools, Al-Nassera City
The Issues of Ethnicity in Financial Accounting Studies

This paper aims to provide a critical review of the empirical literature on the effect of ethnicity in financial accounting studies such as financial reporting quality, transparency, disclosure and corporate governance with particular reference to Malaysia. Traditional corporate governance system of the board of directors as well as alternative business governance system, culture and religious societies have been considered as having a significant impact on business governance systems used in a multi-ethnic country. Ethnicity can function as an appropriate representation to culture where each ethnic group keeps its distinctive cultural identification as well as ideals. This particular evaluation elucidates the association between ethnicity and financial reporting quality, transparency, disclosure and corporate governance in a multiracial context. Keywords: Ethnicity, transparency, financial accounting studies, Malaysia.