Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Test of Adaptive Introgression in Locally Adapted Populations of Splash Pool Copepods

Abstract As species struggle to keep pace with the rapidly warming climate, adaptive introgression of beneficial alleles from closely related species or populations provides a possible avenue for rapid adaptation. We investigate the potential for adaptive introgression in the copepod, Tigriopus californicus, by hybridizing two populations with divergent heat tolerance limits. We subjected hybrids to strong heat selection for 15 generations followed by whole-genome resequencing. Utilizing a hybridize evolve and resequence (HER) technique, we can identify loci responding to heat selection via a change in allele frequency. We successfully increased the heat tolerance (measured as LT50) in selected lines, which was coupled with higher frequencies of alleles from the southern (heat tolerant) population. These repeatable changes in allele frequencies occurred on all 12 chromosomes across all independent selected lines, providing evidence that heat tolerance is polygenic. These loci contained genes with lower protein-coding sequence divergence than the genome-wide average, indicating that these loci are highly conserved between the two populations. In addition, these loci were enriched in genes that changed expression patterns between selected and control lines in response to a nonlethal heat shock. Therefore, we hypothesize that the mechanism of heat tolerance divergence is explained by differential gene expression of highly conserved genes. The HER approach offers a unique solution to identifying genetic variants contributing to polygenic traits, especially variants that might be missed through other population genomic approaches.
The Influence of Countermovement Strategy and External Load on Amortization Forces During Jump Squats.

Barker, L, Siedlik, J, and Mercer, J. The influence of countermovement strategy and external load on amortization forces during jump squats. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of countermovement strategy on amortization forces when performing jump squats. To gather a range of deceleration demands, jump squats were performed across a range of external loads (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60% of repetition maximum [1RM]) and verbally cued countermovement depths (preferred: PREF; quarter: QTR; and full: FULL). Dual force platform ground reaction force data were collected from 12 subjects. Amortization Fz, amortization time, and countermovement depth were analyzed using a 3 × 5 (technique × load) repeated measures analysis of variance. To assess countermovement strategy and amortization Fz, correlations and regression analysis were used to assess relationships among system mass, countermovement kinetic energy and depth, and amortization Fz. Amortization Fz was greater with QTR than PREF (p < 0.05), but similar between PREF and FULL (p > 0.05), and between QTR and FULL (p > 0.05). Amortization Fz was different between 0 and 15% 1RM (p < 0.05) and between 0 and 30% 1RM (p < 0.05). All loaded conditions (15-60% 1-RM) were similar (p > 0.05). As a group, countermovement kinetic energy and system mass were significantly, but weakly, correlated (r = 0.29, p < 0.01). Regression analysis revealed amortization Fz did not change in relation to countermovement kinetic energy but did change in relation to depth. These results suggest that preferred countermovement depths were associated with lesser amortization Fz (strain energy) during maximal effort unloaded and loaded countermovement jumps. Strength and conditioning professionals selecting exercises to maximize amortization Fz should consider the jump squat with light loads (or no load) and short countermovement depths.
Atomic transition probabilities for vanadium, chromium, and manganese (a critical data compilation of allowed lines)

Atomic transition probabilities for about 2700 spectral lines of the elements vanadium, chromium, and manganese through all stages of ionization have been critically evaluated and compiled. All available literature sources have been utilized. Systematic trends along isoelectronic sequences have been extensively exploited to predict oscillator strengths (f‐values) whenever no data were available in the literature. The data are presented in separate tables for each element and stage of ionization and are arranged according to multiplets and, when appropriate, also to transition arrays and increasing quantum numbers. For each line, the transition probability for spontaneous emission, the absorption oscillator strength, and the line strength are given, along with the spectroscopic designation, the wavelength, the statistical weights, and the energy levels (when available) of the upper and lower atomic states. In addition, the estimated accuracy and the literature reference are indicated. In short introduction.
ADAPTED SERVQUAL: A Health Service Quality Scale Incorporating Indicators of Sanitation and Hygiene.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Many scales have been developed to measure health care quality over the years, but no scale available today incorporates all important indicators of sanitation and hygiene in health care. This study therefore assessed the psychometric properties of an adapted scale, hereby called ADAPTED SERVQUAL, in an attempt to provide a scale that includes relevant indicators of hospital hygiene and sanitation. METHODS The setting of the study was low- and medium-capacity hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Patients in wards and outpatient departments in the hospitals participated in the study. We used relevant statistical tools to estimate the psychometric properties of ADAPTED SERVQUAL. To understand the relative importance of the new scale, we compared and related it to a recent scale, HEALTHQUAL. RESULTS Principal component analysis yielded 6 factors: "tangibles," "reliability," "responsiveness," "assurance," "empathy," and "sanitation and hygiene," which explained 84% of the total variance. ADAPTED SERVQUAL has a good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.96). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the 6-factor solution and produced satisfactory discriminant validity and convergent validity indicators. The adapted scale was highly correlated with all dimensions of HEALTHQUAL, including continuous quality improvement (r ≥0.75, P < .001). In multiple linear regression, the 5 domains of HEALTHQUAL explained 59% of the variance in ADAPTED SERVQUAL (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that 8 items that make up a single factor (ie, sanitation and hygiene) and contribute most of the total variance satisfactorily fit into the SERVQUAL scale as additional indicators of health care quality.
The Association of Histologic and Non-invasive Tests with Adverse Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients with Advanced Fibrosis Due to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH).

BACKGROUND AND AIM Fibrosis is an independent predictor of death in NASH. We assessed the associations between histologic and non-invasive (NITs) fibrosis tests with clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in advanced NASH. METHODS Patients with advanced NASH (NASH CRN stage F3 or F4) were enrolled in four multinational clinical trials of simtuzumab and selonsertib. Liver biopsies, NITs, and PROs (SF-36, CLDQ-NASH, EQ-5D, WPAI) were prospectively collected. RESULTS 2154 patients with advanced NASH were included: 52.5% F4, 40% male, 72% type 2 diabetes, baseline liver stiffness 24.1±14.2 kPa in F4, 14.6 ± 8.0 kPa in F3, baseline mean ELF score 11.4±1.2 in F4, 10.3±1.0 in F3; median follow-up16 months. Of those with baseline F3, 16.7% experienced disease progression to cirrhosis while those with F4, 7.3% experienced clinical events (39% ascites, 24% hepatic encephalopathy); patients who progressed had higher baseline NITs (all p<0.0001). Adjusted for baseline levels, increases in NIT scores were also associated with increased risk of disease progression in both F3 and F4 groups (p<0.01 for all NITs in F3; for ELF, NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS), FIB-4, liver stiffness in F4). Higher NIT scores were found to be associated with impairment in PROs: ELF ≥10.43, NFS ≥ 1.80, Fibrotest ≥ 0.54, liver stiffness ≥ 23.4 kPa. During treatment, patients with decreases in NITs experienced improvement of their PRO scores while those with increase in NITs had their PRO scores worsened (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Baseline NIT scores and their changes over time are predictors of adverse clinical and PROs in patients with advanced NASH.
Aging, Frailty, and the Microbiome: How Dysbiosis Influences Human Aging and Disease.

The human gut microbiome is a collection of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses that coexist in our bodies and are essential in protective, metabolic, and physiologic functions of human health. Gut dysbiosis has traditionally been linked to increased risk of infection but imbalances within the intestinal microbial community structure that correlate with untoward inflammatory responses are increasingly recognized as being involved in disease processes that affect many organ systems in the body. Furthermore, it is becoming more apparent that the connection between gut dysbiosis and age-related diseases may lie in how the gut microbiome communicates with both the intestinal mucosa and the systemic immune system, given that these networks have a common interconnection to frailty. We will therefore discuss recent advances in our understanding of the important role the microbiome plays in aging and how this knowledge opens the door for potential novel therapeutics aimed at shaping a less dysbiotic microbiome to prevent or treat age-related diseases.
Degradation of Organic Pollutants by Wet Air Oxidation Using Nonnoble Metal-Based Catalysts

AbstractPhenol is a major organic pollutant found in wastewater streams generating from several industries. The presence of excess phenol makes the wastewater unsuitable for conventional biological treatment. The present study was performed to treat synthetic phenolic wastewater by catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) at low operating conditions (90–150°C temperature and 0.5 MPa total air pressures). In addition, the degradation of two major intermediates (acetic acid and oxalic acid) was also observed under similar operating conditions. The reaction was performed in a stainless steel (SS-316) high-pressure reactor. Among all homogeneous (CuSO4 and FeSO4) and heterogeneous catalysts (CuO/CeO2 in different proportions: 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, and 50/50), CuSO4 exhibited the best performance with more than 90% reductions in phenol and total organic carbon (TOC) at 120°C temperature within 4 h. CuSO4 showed good capability for the removal of oxalic and acetic acids (TOC reductions were 81% and 67%, respectively).
Human Lung Resident Macrophages Co-localize with and Provide Co-stimulation to PD1hi Tissue Resident Memory T Cells.

RATIONALE Tissue resident memory T cells play a critical role in the defense against inhaled pathogens. The isolation and study of human lung tissue resident memory T cells and lung resident macrophages is limited by experimental constraints. OBJECTIVES To characterize the spatial and functional relationship between lung resident macrophages and human lung tissue resident memory T cells using ex-vivo lung perfusion. METHODS Tissue resident memory T cells and lung resident macrophages were isolated using ex-vivo lung perfusion and intra-perfusate labeled CD45 antibody. Cells isolated after 6 hours of ex-vivo lung perfusion were analyzed using spectral flow cytometry. Spatial relationships between CD3+ and CD68+ cells were explored with multiplexed immunohistochemistry (IHC). Functional relationships were determined by co-culture and T cell receptor complex signal transduction. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Lungs from 8 research-consented organ donors underwent ex-vivo lung perfusion for 6 hours. We show that human lung TRM and MLR co-localize within the human lung, preferentially around the airways. Furthermore, we found that human lung CD8+ TRM are composed of two functionally distinct populations based on PD1 and ZNF683 (HOBIT) protein expression. We show that MLR provide co-stimulatory signaling to PD1hi CD4+ and CD8+ lung TRM, augmenting TRM effector cytokine production and degranulation. CONCLUSIONS Ex-vivo lung perfusion provides an innovative technique to study resident immune populations in humans. Human lung resident macrophages co-localize with and provide co-stimulation signaling to tissue resident memory T cells, augmenting their effector function.
Moisture Sorption Isotherms, Thermodynamic Properties, and Glass Transition of Pears and Apples

Moisture sorption isotherms of apples and pears were determined at 30, 45, and 60°C and water activity (a w ) range of 0.04–0.83 using a standard static gravimetric method. The sorption isotherms of both fruits decreased with increasing temperature and exhibited type III behavior according to Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) classification. The moisture desorption data fitted well with the Peleg model (0.997 ≤ r ≤ 0.999, 0.009 ≤ SE ≤ 0.071, and 4.840 ≤ p ≤ 13.779). The glass transition temperature (T g ) of both fruits decreased linearly with the increase in water activity (a w ). The variation in glass transition temperature versus water activity (T g ∼ a w ) and glass transition temperature versus solid fraction of pears and apples (T g ∼ W s ) were adequately predicted by Khalloufi et al.'s model (0.998 ≤ r ≤ 0.999 and 0.007 ≤ SE ≤ 4.088) and the Gordon and Taylor model (0.879 ≤ r ≤ 0.979 and 9.798 ≤ SE ≤ 18.507). The thermal transition and desorption isotherms data were used to establish state diagrams of pear and apple and evaluate suitable fruits storage conditions.
Event-Triggered Fuzzy Adaptive Fixed-Time Tracking Control for Nonlinear Systems

In this article, the problem of event-based adaptive fuzzy fixed-time tracking control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown virtual control coefficients (UVCCs) is considered. The unknown nonlinear functions of the considered systems are approximated by fuzzy-logic systems (FLSs). Moreover, a novel Lyapunov function is designed to remove the requirement of lower bounds of the UVCC in control laws. In addition, an event-triggered control method is developed by using the backstepping technique to save the network resources. Through theoretical analysis, the event-based fixed-time controller was proposed, which can guarantee that all signals of the controlled system are bounded and the tracking error can converge to a small neighborhood of the origin in a fixed time. Meanwhile, the convergence time is independent of the initial states. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Factorial Design Optimization of Solid-Phase Microextraction for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Ultraviolet Spectrometry Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarette Filter Tar

A simple and rapid procedure for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette filter tar using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was developed. The analysis was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with an ultraviolet detector. The effects of the SPME experimental parameters on the extraction recovery were studied simultaneously using a central composite design (CCD) after a 26−2 fractional factorial experimental design. The SPME variables of interest were the extraction temperature, the extraction time, and the stirring speed, as well as the pH and the concentrations of NaCl (%, w/v) and acetonitrile (ACN). The optimal SPME conditions were as follows: an extraction temperature of 65°C, an extraction time of 50 min, a stirring speed of 800 rpm, 0% NaCl (w/v), 10% ACN in the sample, and a source pH of 8.0. The extraction calibration plots were linear over the range of 0.25−20 ng mL−1 (r2 > 0.9912) and the limits of detection (LODs) for the 6 PAHs studied were from 0.17–5.02 ng cigarette−1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 7.1–13.5% for intra-day variation and from 8.5–18.4% for inter-day variation. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated for extraction and determination PAHs in real samples (various brands of cigarettes). The total amounts of all of the studied PAHs found in the filter tar of the three brands of cigarettes were 320.2, 17.9, and 66.7 ng cigarette−1, respectively.
Inequities along the Depression Care Cascade in African American Women: An Integrative Review

Abstract Depression represents a growing health problem and African American women (AAW) disproportionally experience increased risk and broad disparities in health care. This integrative review examines what is known about the equity of depression care provided to AAW. PubMed, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched through April 2020 for studies in peer-reviewed journals from 2015 to 2020. Across the studies (n = 7), AAW received inequitable care across a depression care cascade including lower rates of screening, treatment initiation, and guideline-concordant care. Here we explore individual-, relational-, and structural-level factors related to these disparities and implications for research, practice, and education.
Preparation and separation properties of polyamide nanofiltration membrane

Utilizing an interfacial polymerization technique for the preparation of a polymeric composite nanofiltration membrane, both high permeation flux of water and high salt rejection can be achieved. Synthesis conditions, such as concentration of monomer, reaction time, and swelling agent, significantly affected the separation performance of composite membranes. The composite polyamide membrane had a permeation rate of ∼2–5 gallon/ft2/day (gfd) and a salt rejection rate of ∼94–99% when 2000 ppm aqueous salt solution was fed at 200 psi and 25°C. Also, a higher performance nanofiltration membrane could be prepared by suitably swelling the support matrix in the period of polymerization. The results of various feed concentrations showed that permeate flux decreased with increasing salt concentration in the feed solution. This result may be due to concentration polarization on the surface of polyamide membranes. The separation performance of polyamide membranes showed an almost independent relationship with operation pressure until it was up to 200 psi. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1112–1118, 2002
AGA Clinical Practice Update on Lifestyle Modification Using Diet and Exercise to Achieve Weight Loss in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Expert Review.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (NAFLD) is a leading etiology for chronic liver disease with global public health impact, affecting over 25% of the global population. NAFLD is associated with significant morbidity and mortality from cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), solid organ malignancies, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and obstructive sleep apnea, resulting in significant healthcare resource utilization and decreased health-related quality of life. NAFLD cirrhosis is a leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States. Lifestyle modification to achieve weight loss remains a first line intervention in patients with NAFLD. Herein we summarize evidence-based interventions for lifestyle modification in the treatment of NAFLD and provide Best Practice Advice (BPA) statements to address key issues in clinical management.
Truly Distributed Finite-Time Attitude Formation-Containment Control for Networked Uncertain Rigid Spacecraft

This article addresses the finite-time attitude formation-containment control problem for networked uncertain rigid spacecraft under directed topology. A unified distributed finite-time attitude control framework, based on the sliding-mode control (SMC) principle, is developed. Different from the current state of the art, the proposed attitude control method is suitable for not only the leader spacecraft but also the follower spacecraft, and only the neighbor state information among spacecraft is required, allowing the resulting control scheme to be truly distributed. Furthermore, the proposed method is inherently continuous, which eliminates the undesired chattering problem. Such features are deemed favorable in practical spacecraft applications. In addition, upon using the proposed neuro-adaptive control technique, the attitude formation-containment deployment can be achieved in finite time with sufficient accuracy, despite the involvement of both the uncertain inertia matrices and external disturbances. The effectiveness of the developed control scheme is confirmed by numerical simulations.
Biodegradation of NOM: effect of NOM source and ozone dose

Batch degradation experiments were conducted to evaluate the extent of biodegradation of natural organic matter (NOM) as a function of ozone dosage. Four NOM sources that might be encountered in drinking water treatment were characterized and tested. The biodegradability of all sources was enhanced as the ozone dose was increased from 0 to 7.3 mg ozone/mg total organic carbon (TOC). Increased ozonation resulted in consistently improved TOC removals for NOM sources having a large fraction of high-molecular-weight organics. Greater biodegradation was observed for the unozonated sources with lower UV-absorption-to-TOC ratios and a larger fraction of low-molecular-weight organics
On “Scientific Imperialism”

ABSTRACT The article discusses the use of various institutions of scientific imperialism, including the institution of publishing academic articles in English, the institution of standardizing how research should be reported, and the institution of indexing of articles in two global databases. We show that the establishment of institutions of scientific imperialism entails a number of negative trends: slowing down the publication of articles, the loss of a national research culture, and formulating and presenting research results to fit the requirements of indexing databases. We identify possible approaches to mitigate the negative effects associated with the expansion of the institutions of scientific imperialism.
Thermal Kinetics of Color Change, Rheology, and Storage Characteristics of Garlic Puree/Paste

Kinetics of color change of garlic puree at selected temperatures and rheological behavior and effects of packaging materials and storage temperatures on color of garlic paste were investigated. Results indicated that color change during thermal processing of garlic puree followed first-order reaction kinetics with an activation energy of 13.78 kJ/mol. Garlic paste behaved as a pseudoplastic material and flow activation energy at 100 rpm equaled 13.30 kJ/mol. Both temperature and duration of storage had effect (P≤0.05) on total color of garlic paste. Degreening of garlic paste was observed during storage at 25°C and complete degreening occured at about 48 to 52 d. Storage of garlic paste at 5°C enhanced greening. Les changements de couleur et le comportement rheologique lors du stockage de la puree d'ail sont etudies en fonction de la temperature et de l'emballage. Lors du traitement thermique de la puree d'ail, la cinetique du changement de couleur est d'ordre 1. La pâte d'ail se comporte comme un materiau pseudoplastique. La temperature et la duree de stockage influent sur sa couleur. L'entreposage a 25° pendant 48 a 52 jours provoque une perte complete de la couleur verte.