Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supply Constraint from Earthquakes in Japan in Input–Output Analysis

Disasters often cause exogenous flow damage (i.e., the [hypothetical] difference in economic scale with and without a disaster in a certain period) to production (“supply constraint”). However, input‐output (IO) analysis (IOA) cannot usually consider it, because the Leontief quantity model (LQM) assumes that production is endogenous; the Ghosh quantity model (GQM) is considered implausible; and the Leontief price model (LPM) and the Ghosh price model (GPM) assume that quantity is fixed. This study proposes to consider a supply constraint in the LPM, introducing the price elasticity of demand. This study uses the loss of social surplus (SS) as a damage estimation because production (sales) is less informative as a damage index than profit (margin); that is, production can be any amount if without considering profit, and it does not tell exactly how much profit is lost for each supplier (upstream sector) and buyer (downstream sector). As a model application, this study examines Japan's largest five earthquakes from 1995 to 2017 and the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) in March 2011. The worst earthquake at the peak tends to increase price by 10–20% and decrease SS by 20–30%, when compared with the initial month's prices/production. The worst damage tends to last eight months at most, accumulating 0.5‐month‐production damage (i.e., the sum of [hypothetical] differences in SS with and without an earthquake [for eight months] is 50% of the initial month production). Meanwhile, the GEJE in the five prefectures had cumulatively, a 25‐month‐production damage until the temporal recovery at the 37th month.
Population ecology of Trituras cristatus and T. vulgaris (Urodela) in SW Sweden

The population ecology of newts was investigated between 1969 and 1974 in two localities near Gothenburg, SW Sweden: the Gunnebo park pond (about 300 m2) where Triturus cristatus Laurenti and T. vulgaris L. are sympatric, and a rock-pool (6 m2) in Billdal with only T. vulgaris. At Gunnebo, a population of about 350 breeding T. cristatus was found with about as many males as females but males being more aquatic than females. An annual survival of 0.7–0.8 was estimated for the adults. The T. vulgaris population at the same locality was estimated to about 250–300 breeding adults with a sex ratio possibly in favour of males. The survival of adults was found to be extremely low and a very small percent of the adults seems to breed more than once. The Billdal T. vulgaris population was estimated to contain nearly 70 breeding adults with a sex ratio very near to 1:1. The annual survival of adults was found to be 0.5. The different survival of the two T. vulgaris populations are discussed with particular reference to predation. The age at which newts breed for the first time seems to vary; for T. vulgaris five years may well be the normal age. Factors that may limit the sizes of the populations, possible reasons for differences in frequency of occurrence in water, and possible predators are discussed.
MOLECULAR PERSPECTIVE ON HIGHER-LEVEL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE TYRANNOIDEA (AVES)

Allelic frequency data were used to identify familial limits within the avian su- perfamily Tyrannoidea. Several hypotheses were generated from this data set using distance- Wagner, Fitch-Margoliash, and cladistic analyses. In addition, a jackknifing procedure was em- ployed to identify those portions of the phylogenetic hypotheses that were robust to such factors as the choice of taxa analyzed. The genus Sapayoa, previously considered to be a manakin (Pipridae), was found to be distant from all other taxa considered. The true affinities of this taxon, therefore, may lie outside of the Tyrannoidea. The electrophoretic data also indicated that the 12 cotinga species (Cotingidae) analyzed belong to five distinct lineages, each of un- known affinity within the superfamily. Finally, sister taxa were identified for the monogeneric families Oxyruncidae and Phytotomidae. The former was found to be closely related to tityras, becards, and flycatchers (as indicated by Myiarchus), while the latter family is closely related to the cotinga genera Ampelion, Doliornis, and Zaratornis. The improved ability to determine higher- level relationships within this assemblage was tonsidered a consequence of the use of biochem- ical characters, the interpretation of which is greatly simplified because of the stochastic nature of molecular evolution. However, conflicts between this and a recent DNA-DNA hybridization study indicate that the extraction of phylogenetic information from biochemical data may not be as free from assumptions as we would like. Several explanations for this lack of concordance are discussed. (Electrophoresis; phylogeny reconstruction; tyrannoids; biochemical evolution; distance analysis; jackknifing; flycatchers; cotingas; manakins.)
In vivo enrichment of genetically manipulated platelets for murine hemophilia B gene therapy

Our previous studies have demonstrated that platelet‐targeted factor IX (FIX) gene therapy can introduce sustained platelet‐FIX expression in hemophilia B (FIXnull) mice. In this study, we aimed to enhance platelet‐FIX expression in FIXnull mice with O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferase (MGMT)‐mediated in vivo drug selection of transduced cells under nonmyeloablative preconditioning. We constructed a novel lentiviral vector (2bF9/MGMT lentivirus vector), which harbors dual genes, the FIX gene driven by the αIIb promoter (2bF9) and the MGMT P140K gene under the murine stem cell virus promoter. Platelet‐FIX expression in FIXnull mice was introduced by 2bF9/MGMT‐mediated hematopoietic stem cell transduction and transplantation. The 2bF9/MGMT‐transduced cells were effectively enriched after drug selection by O6‐benzylguanine/1,3‐bis‐2‐chloroethyl‐1‐nitrosourea. There were a 2.9‐fold higher FIX antigen and a 3.7‐fold higher FIX activity in platelets, respectively, posttreatment compared with pretreatment. When a 6‐hr tail bleeding test was used to grade the bleeding phenotype, the clotting time in treated animals was 2.6 ± 0.5 hr. In contrast, none of the FIXnull control mice were able to clot within 6 hr. Notably, none of the recipients developed anti‐FIX antibodies after gene therapy. One of four recipients developed a low titer of inhibitors when challenged with rhF9 together with adjuvant. In contrast, all FIXnull controls developed inhibitors after the same challenge. Anti‐FIX immunoglobulin G were barely detectable in recipients (1.08 ± 0.54 µg/ml), an 875‐fold lower level than in the FIXnull controls. Our data demonstrate that using the MGMT‐mediated drug selection system in 2bF9 gene therapy can significantly enhance therapeutic platelet‐FIX expression, resulting in sustained phenotypic correction and immune tolerance in FIXnull mice.
Identification and validation of prognosis‐related DLX5 methylation as an epigenetic driver in myeloid neoplasms

Abstract The deregulated DLX gene family members DLX1/2/3/4/5/6 (DLXs) caused by DNA methylation has been demonstrated in various cancers with therapeutic target value. However, the potential role of DLXs methylation in myeloid neoplasms such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) remains to be elucidated. Clinical significance of DLXs methylation/expression was analyzed in patient with AML and MDS. The functional roles of DLXs were determined in vitro. In the identification stage, we found that lower DLX5 expression was correlated with prognosis in AML among all DLXs analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. In the validation stage, we revealed that reduced DLX5 expression was frequently occurred, and was also correlated with promoter hypermethylation in AML evaluated by targeted bisulfite sequencing. Epigenetic studies also showed that DLX5 promoter DNA methylation was associated with its expression. By quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we also validated that DLX5 hypermethylation was frequent event in both AML and MDS, and also correlated with MDS transformation to leukemia. Moreover, DLX5 hypermethylation was associated with lower rate of complete remission and shorter time of leukemia‐free/overall survival, and was also confirmed by Logistic/Cox regression analysis. Functional studies revealed the antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects of DLX5 in MDS‐derived AML cell‐line SKM‐1. Finally, bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that DLX5 functioned in leukemogenesis may be through the association with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that DLX5 methylation, negatively correlated DLX5 expression, was a potential prognostic and predictive indicator in patients with AML and MDS, which could also act as an epigenetic driver in myeloid neoplasms.
Development of a model based on Bayesian networks to estimate the probability of sheep lice presence at shearing

This paper describes the development of a model, based on Bayesian networks, to estimate the likelihood that sheep flocks are infested with lice at shearing and to assist farm managers or advisers to assess whether or not to apply a lousicide treatment. The risk of lice comes from three main sources: (i) lice may have been present at the previous shearing and not eradicated; (ii) lice may have been introduced with purchased sheep; and (iii) lice may have entered with strays. A Bayesian network is used to assess the probability of each of these events independently and combine them for an overall assessment. Rubbing is a common indicator of lice but there are other causes too. If rubbing has been observed, an additional Bayesian network is used to assess the probability that lice are the cause. The presence or absence of rubbing and its possible cause are combined with these networks to improve the overall risk assessment.
Study on Weight Loss and moisture Regain of Silk Cocoon Shells and Degummed Fibers from African Wild Silkmoths

A study was conducted to determine weight loss and moisture regain properties of silk cocoon shells, shell layers and degummed fibers of the four African wild silkmoths Anaphe panda , Argema mimosae , Epiphora bauhiniae and Gonometa postica and compare with the industry standard mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mori . No. significant difference was observed between the moisture regain of the wild silk fibers after degumming. However, there were significant differences in weight loss and moisture regain between cocoon shells as well as shell layers. E. bauhiniae had the lowest weight loss and moisture regain of 23.19 and 5.64%, respectively while G. postica had the highest weight loss and moisture regain, 56.84 and 9.05%, respectively. The SEM micrographs also showed the presence of remnant sericin gum on the fibers surface. In both A. panda and E. bauhiniae , the outer shell layers had the lowest moisture regain and highest weight loss while the inner layer of E. bauhiniae and middle layer of A. panda lost the least weight. The physical structure and chemical composition of the cocoon shells and fibers contribute towards the variation in the moisture regain and weight loss and these features may have commercial implications due to their direct effect on the resulting fabric.
Thermal convection

The definition and specification of a convective system is outlined. For example for a global system we have: very small Reynolds number (slow ‘viscous’ flow); very large Prandtl number (heat transfer independent of inertial effects); large Peclet numbers (advection dominant in forced convection); very large Rayleigh number (free convection strong and turbulent). The very wide range and type of convective systems is briefly described. These include systems ranging from the macro-geological scale to small-scale systems such as found in multilayered intrusions.
Isolation of Germ Cells from Leukemia and Lymphoma Cells in a Human In vitro Model: Potential Clinical Application for Restoring Human Fertility after Anticancer Therapy

More than 70% of patients survive childhood cancer, but chemotherapy and radiation therapy may cause irreversible impairment of spermatogenesis. To treat infertility secondary to anticancer treatment for childhood cancer, we have developed a procedure to isolate germ cells from leukemic mice by fluorescence-activated cell sorting with two surface markers, and transplantation of isolated germ cells successfully restored fertility without inducing leukemia. In the present study, we analyzed human germ cells and human malignant cells, including five leukemia cell lines and three lymphoma cell lines, by fluorescence-activated cell sorting with antibodies against MHC class I and CD45. Testicular specimens were obtained from a patient who underwent surgery for testicular rupture. In the high forward scatter and low side scatter region, no malignant cells were found in the MHC class I-negative and CD45-negative fraction (the germ cell fraction), with the exception of K562 cells. A total of 39.2% of the germ cells were found in the germ cell fraction. A total of 1.45% of K562 cells were found in the germ cell fraction. Treatment with IFNγ induced the expression of MHC class I on K562 cells but not on germ cells and made it possible to isolate germ cells from K562 cells. In conclusion, we isolated human germ cells from malignant cells with two surface markers after treatment with IFNγ. Immunophenotyping for each patient will be necessary before isolation and induction of surface marker will be clinically applicable. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(23): 11166-71)
ABERRANT VENTRICULAR BEATS IN THE DOG DURING VAGAL STIMULATION

1. A procedure is described by which means aberrant ventricular beats in the dog can be consistently obtained. 2. The results offer an explanation of the aberrant beats which have been occasionally recorded during vagal stimulation, both in the dog and in the human subject. 3. They indicate that the vagal stimulation in some way alters the impulse as it passes through the upper portions of the junctional tissues between auricle and ventricle, so that it is unable to pass a region of impaired conduction in a bundle branch, which the normal impulse can traverse without difficulty.
Detachment faulting and bimodal magmatism in the Palaeoproterozoic Willyama Supergroup, south–central Australia: keys to recognition of a multiply deformed Precambrian metamorphic core complex

The multiply deformed (D1–D3) Palaeoproterozoic Willyama Supergroup in south–central Australia incorporates upper and lower c. 1700 Ma metasedimentary sequences with contrasting early tectonothermal histories that invite comparisons with the metamorphic core complexes and younger extensional orogens of western North America and Europe. A detachment surface of D1 age separating these two sequences has the deduced geometry of an extensional shear zone, juxtaposing rocks subjected to bimodal magmatism, sillimanite- to granulite-grade migmatization, and Na–Fe metasomatism against a less intensely metamorphosed upper plate lacking both migmatites and bimodal magmatism. Synextensional metamorphism took place under low-pressure–high-temperature conditions, producing regionally extensive andalusite- and sillimanite-bearing mineral assemblages before further high-grade metamorphism accompanying D2 recumbent folding and crustal thickening. D2 folding locally inverted the original D1 thermal structure so that sillimanite-grade lower plate rocks now lie structurally above andalusite-grade rocks of the upper plate, rendering recognition of the original detachment surface and associated thermal structure difficult. U–Pb dating of synextensional metabasites intruded into lower plate rocks just below the detachment surface indicate that extension and related bimodal magmatism peaked around 1690–1670 Ma, some 70–90 Ma earlier than the 1600–1590 Ma age previously inferred for the onset of regional deformation and low-P–high-T metamorphism. A regionally extensive redox boundary associated with the detachment surface served as the locus for several important mineral deposits.
Chronopharmacological Study of an Antimicrobial Agent, Norfloxacin, in the Rat

Circadian rhythms in physiological processes may affect pharmacological actions of drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pharmacokinetics or acute lethality (LD 50) of norfloxacin, exhibited circadian rhythmicity. Female Sprague- Dawley prepuberal rats (weight 115.8 ± 10.2 g) synchronized with a 12-h-light/ 12-h-dark cycle (lights on 7:00h) were used throughout the study. Norfloxacin pharmacokinetics after intraperitoneal administration at 4:00, 10:00, 16:00 and 22:00h was characterized. Intraperitoneal norfloxacin LD 50 was administered at 2:00, 6:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00 and 22:00 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters and lethality percentages were analyzed by the cosinor method for the presence of circadian rhythmicity. The results showed evidence of circadian rhythmicity for norfloxacin k abs, t ½abs, t max, MRT abs, Cl t /f and AUC. Absorption was higher when the drug was administered during the rest (16:00 h) period, meanwhile elimination was higher when administered during the activity (22:00 h) period. No rhythmicity was determined for norfloxacin lethality. It is concluded that, in this study, time of administration modifies the pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin.
Conservation Tillage: A Promising Perspective for Sustainable Agriculture in Greece

Conservation tillage has been widely implemented in the last decades in several parts of the world as an attractive alternative to conventional tillage due to its potential to protect soils from erosion and compaction, to conserve soil moisture, and to reduce production costs. Significant savings in fuel, labor, and machinery costs are realized with conservation tillage, mainly because fewer trips over the field are required during seedbed preparation. Conservation tillage in Greece has been tested on a limited scale by a minority of farmers on an empirical basis or on an experimental basis by research institutes. Research thus far has shown that, despite some disadvantages in certain cases, conservation tillage can be attractive to farmers because it can provide equal or even greater yields than conventional tillage and also because of its potential for reduced production costs. From this view point, conservation tillage should receive more attention among Greek producers, becoming a viable alternative to conventional tillage and gaining wide acceptance because of its multiple benefits for both the farmer and the environment. Education, technical assistance, and financial assistance to farmers will play a dominant role in this effort.
Induced Ovulation and Spawning in the Catfish, Clarias isheriensis, Using Pituitary Extracts from Non-piscine Sources

Acetone-dried pituitary extracts obtained from non-piscine sources- the common toad, Bufo regularis; the African bullfrog, Rana adspersa; and chicken, Gallus domesticus, were evaluated as alternative inducement agents to piscine-sourced pituitary extracts to spawn Clarias isheriensis. A single dose of 4 mg of dry pituitary extract per kilogram of female was injected intraperitoneally, and it induced ovulation and spawning in all treatments; there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in percent fertilization of eggs. All pituitary extracts were effective in inducing ovulation and spawning in C. isheriensis and, therefore, can be used as alternative sources of pituitary hormones.
Concentrações de sais do meio Knudson C e de ácido giberélico no crescimento in vitro de plântulas de orquídea

The aim of this research was to test different concentrations of culture medium Knudson C and gibberellic acid in the in vitro growth of Hadrolaelia lobatta x Hadrolaelia purpurata Aco and Cattleya loddigesii plantlets. Seedlings deriving from in vitro germinated seeds with approximately 1,0cm length, were inoculated in bottles of 250cm3 containing 60mL of Knudson C culture medium at salts concentrations of 0; 50; 100 e 200%, and supplemented with 0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10mg L-1 of GA3. The cultures were maintained in growth room with a 35µmolm-2s-1 irradiance, 16 hours photoperiod and 25±1°C of temperature. After 90 days, it is observed that the culture medium Knudson C 200% for Cattleya loddigesii promote better in vitro growth. The addition of GA3 (2.5mg L-1) is efficient in the number of leaves increment. Better in vitro multiplication is registered in Knudson C medium in the original concentration (100%). For Hadrolaelia lobatta x Hadrolaelia purpurata Aco, the concentration of Knudson C culture medium influences the number of leaves (salts 200%) and sprouts (salts 50%), but does not have effect in the growth and biomass. No effect of the GA3 in number of sprouts, length of aerial part and fresh mass for the two genotypes was verified.
Balancing Biological Sustainability with the Economic Needs of Alaska's Sockeye Salmon Fisheries

Abstract Total revenue in the Bristol Bay, Alaska, fishery for sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka has declined by 80% over the past two decades. In contrast to other fisheries where declining revenues are a consequence of declining catches, Bristol Bay sockeye salmon landings have remained high and the revenue decline is a result of falling prices, which in turn are a consequence of competition from increased production of rainbow trout/steelhead O. mykiss (hereafter, rainbow trout) and coho salmon O. kisutch farmed in Chile. This paper explores possible changes to current management strategies that would continue to ensure biological sustainability while enhancing economic returns. We simulate three management strategies for Bristol Bay sockeye salmon: fixed escapement range, conditional fixed harvest, and conditional fixed harvest rate. Yields from these simulations are combined with a forecast of Chilean rainbow trout and coho salmon production and a model of international trade flows for Alaskan sockey.
Glycine oligomerization up to triglycine by shock experiments simulating comet impacts

Abiotic peptide synthesis is one of key steps in prebiotic chemistry. Peptides are building block of proteins and also play a role as a catalyst to form other biomolecules (e.g., [1]). Although varieties of mechanisms for abiotic peptide synthesis in terrestrial environments have been proposed, extraterrestrial contribution, that is, cometary and asteroidal impacts has attracted little attention. Considering that the frequency of the extraterrestrial impacts on the early Earth was greater than present day and comets and chondrites contain amino acids (e.g., [2] [3]), extraterrestrial impacts could be a candidate for peptide synthesis. In order to examine the feasibility of abiotic peptide synthesis by comet impacts, we conducted shock experiments on frozen mixtures of amino acid, water ice and silicate (forsterite) at cryogenic condition (77 K). In the experiments, the frozen amino acid mixture was sealed into a capsule and put into a container filled with liquid nitrogen to be kept at 77 K during the shock experiments. A vertical propellant gun was used to give impact shock. The amounts of remaining amino acid and synthesized peptides in the recovered shocked samples were analyzed with gas chromatographs after the extraction and the derivatization. The results showed that amino acid was oligomerized into peptides up to tripeptide by impact shock. Furthermore, the yield of linear dipeptide was much higher than that of cyclic diketopiperazine. These results were contrasting to the results of shock experiments at room temperature, in which they resulted in the formation of comparable amount of cyclic peptides to linear peptides [4]. These results indicate that the cryogenic condition at impact shock is a key for the formation of linear peptide. Linear peptides are more useful than cyclic peptides for further elongation of peptide chain. Thus, comet impacts might have played an important role in chemical evolution by delivering linear peptides to the early Earth.