Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
evalu-A 100-Year Review: Calf nutrition and management 1

The first calf paper, published in the May 1919 issue of the Journal of Dairy Science (JDS), described factors affecting birth body weight of different breeds of calves. Other studies were done on nonmilk ingredients, growth charts were developed, and early weaning was followed to conserve milk fed to calves. Calf papers did not report use of statistics to control or record variation or to determine whether treatment means were different. Many experiments were more observational than comparative. Typically fewer than 5 calves, and sometimes 1 or 2 calves, were used per treatment. During the next 20 yr, calf studies increased and included colostrum feeding, milk and milk replacer feeding, minerals and vitamins, and fats and oils. Many concepts fundamental to current knowledge and understanding of digestion, rumen development, and milk replacer formulation were developed during this period. In addition, the concept of using antibiotic growth promoters in dairy calf diets was first evaluated and developed during the 1950s. During the 20-yr period of January 1957 through December 1976, a large number of universities in the United States and 1 in Canada contributed almost 150 papers on a variety of calf-related topics. These topics included genetics, physiology of the calf, review of calf immunity, antibiotic feeding, and milk replacer ingredients. This became the golden era of calf rumen development studies, which also engendered studies of calf starter rations and ingredients. A classic review of management, feeding, and housing studies summarized research related to calf feeding and management systems up to that point with an emphasis on maintaining calf growth and health while reducing labor and feed costs. It was also during this period that metric measurements replaced English units. In the 20-yr period from 1977 to 1996, more than 400 articles on calf nutrition and management were published in JDS. With the growing research interest in calves, a paper outlining standardized procedures for conducting and reporting data from calf experiments was first
GEOMORPHIC TRACES OF QUATERNARY CLIMATES IN THE CORDILLERA CENTRAL, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

The Cordillera Central in the Dominican Republic, island of Hispaniola, exceeds 3,000 m in height. Schubert and Medina (1982) identified possible relict glacial geomorphic features on air photographs. Modern mid-elevation lapse rates of -8.50C km-1 yield plausible paleo-snowlines below peak elevations with sea-surface temperature depressions between 2' and 8 'C, although paleo-dynamics of the tradewind inversion may be more important. This paper reports results of initial field reconnais- sance during 1996. In addition to surfaces interpreted as modern and as Tertiary relicts, there are also features that post-date sur- faces of postulated Tertiary age yet are unexplained by modern processes. These include diamictons, cirque-like depressions, in- cised alluvial fans, block fields, and debris lobes (interpreted by Schubert and Medina, 1982, as solifluction remnants). It is concluded that the climate of Hispaniola has not been complacent during the Quaternary because the present climatic state can- not explain the observed landscape.
Secondary Flow and Shear Stress at River Bends

Field measurements are presented to illustrate the pattern of secondary circulation at river bends, the effect of the circulation on boundary shear stress disbribution, and the way in which that effect changes with discharge. The field results show that, in addition to the classical main cell, there can be a small cell of opposite circulation close to the outer bank provided the bank is steep. The circulation distorts the primary isovel pattern and thereby affects the positions and relative magnitudes of the boundary shear stress peaks associated with regions of downwelling and high velocity. Secondary circulation appears to be weakest at low and high discharges and to be strongest, with its greatest effect on the shear stress distribution, at medium discharges. Generally the distribution of shear stress at a section becomes more uniform as discharge increases and at high discharges is determined mainly by primary flow effects.
Wind-Driven Ageostrophic Transport in the North Equatorial Countercurrent of the Eastern Pacific at 95°W

Abstract Observations of horizontal velocity from two shipboard acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), as well as wind, temperature, and salinity observations from a cruise during June–July 2001, are used to compute a simplified mean meridional momentum balance of the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) at 95°W. The terms that are retained in the momentum balance and derived using the measurements are the Coriolis and pressure gradient forces, and the vertical divergence of the turbulent stress. All terms were vertically integrated over the surface turbulent layer. The K-profile parameterization (KPP) prescribed Richardson number (Ri) is used to determine the depth of the turbulent boundary layer h at which the turbulent stress and its gradient vanish. At the time of the cruise, surface drifters and altimeter data show the flow structure of the NECC was complicated by the presence of tropical instability waves to the south and a strong Costa Rica Dome to the north. Nonetheless, a consistent, simpl.
Examining the Interplay Between Growth and Fixed Mindsets, L2 Grit, and L2 Motivational Self-System of L2 Learners

The purpose of this study is to analyse the structural relations between L2 learners’ mindsets, L2 grit and the L2 motivational self-system (L2MSS). The main driving force behind the study is the observation that mindsets have emerged as a significant variable in language-teaching research over the past years. The study was conducted with 403 L2 learners. To see the structural relations between and among the variables in the study, a structural equation model was used. The revised model showed that a growth mindset affects both the perseverance of effort (POE) and the consistency of interest (COI), which are the components that make up grit. Moreover, POE and COI mediate the relationship between the growth mindset and L2MSS, with the highest mediating impact between growth mindset and ideal L2 self. The study discovered that a fixed mindset only predicted ought-to L2 self/others. Finally, several theoretical and pedagogical implications are proposed based on the findings of the study.
DNA and scale reading to identify repeat spawning in Atlantic salmon: Unique insights into patterns of iteroparity

Iteroparity represents an important but often overlooked component of life history in anadromous Atlantic salmon. Here, we combined individual DNA profiling and scale reading to identify repeat spawners among ~8000 adult salmon captured in a fish trap in the river Etne, Norway, in the period 2015–2019. Additionally, 171 outward migrating kelts were captured in the spring of 2018–2020 and identified using molecular methods to estimate weight loss since ascending the river to spawn. The overall frequency of repeat spawners identified using molecular methods and scale reading combined was 7% in females and 3% in males (5% in total). Most of these (83%) spent one full year reconditioning at sea before returning for their second spawning, with a larger body size compared with their size at first spawning, gaining on average 15.9 cm. A single female migrating back into the river for a fifth breeding season was also identified. On average, kelts lost 40% bodyweight in the river, and more female than male kelts were captured during outward migration. The date of arrival in the upstream fish trap was significantly but moderately correlated between maiden and second entry to the river for alternate and consecutive spawners. The estimated contribution from repeat spawners to the total number of eggs deposited in the river each year varied between 2% and 17% (average 12%). Molecular‐based methods marginally underestimated the number of repeat spawners compared with scale reading (5% vs 7%) likely due to a small number of returning spawners not being trapped and sampled. Differences between the methods were most evident when classifying the spawning strategy (alternate or consecutive‐year repeat spawners), where the scale method identified proportionally more consecutive‐year repeat spawners than the molecular method. This unique data set reveals previously unstudied components of this life history strategy and demonstrates the importance of repeat spawners in population recruitment.
Acetabular fractures in elderly patients are associated with high rates of complications during the initial admission

Background Acetabular fractures among the elderly are common. Identification of risk factors predisposing elderly patients to in-hospital complications is critical to mitigating morbidity and mortality. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed including 195 patients ≥60 years old who sustained acetabulum fractures treated at a single level 1 trauma center. Operative (n=110, 56.4%) or non-operative management was undertaken, and complications during the index hospitalization were defined. Results Seventy-three patients (37%) developed a complication during their hospitalization. Most common complications were acute respiratory failure: 13.3%, pneumonia: 10.3%, urinary tract infection: 10.3%, cardiac dysrhythmia: 9.7%, and acute kidney injury: 6.2%. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with in-hospital complications were increased age (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.11, p=0.013), more comorbidities (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.65, p=0.024), operative management (AOR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.76, p=0.011), and increased length of stay (AOR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.51, p<0.001). Conclusions Acetabular fractures in the elderly are associated with high rates of in-hospital complications. Advanced age, more medical comorbidities and longer lengths of stay predicted higher risk of developing complications. Whereas operative management was associated with lower risk of developing complications during the initial admission, it is important to note the selection bias in which healthier patients with improved baseline functionality may be more likely to undergo operative management. Level of evidence Level III therapeutic.
Higher Order Thinking Skills in Evaluation of IV Grade Thematic Materials in Elementary Schools

Teachers still experience difficulties and are not optimal in compiling HOTS-based questions, so students' critical thinking skills become less than optimal. This study aims to develop higher-order thinking skills or Higher Order Thinking Skills known as HOTS. The type of research used is R&D with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The development model using Martin Tessmer's model consists of the Preliminary, Self-Evaluation, and Prototyping Stage. The method used in collecting data is a questionnaire. The instrument used in collecting data is a questionnaire. Questions and validation tests were carried out on 2 lecturers and 2 teachers. The trial is limited to 10 students, and the test is broad for all fourth-grade students. Data analysis techniques using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The study results prove that the questions developed are suitable for learning. Therefore, it can be concluded that research on the development of Higher Order Thinking Skills or HOTS on thematic questions is appropriate for use in learning in grade IV of elementary schools. Thinking Skills or HOTS on thematic questions are appropriate for learning in grade IV of elementary school.
Apprenticing students into political participation: using critical visual literacy to review and redesign the school website

ABSTRACT This study examines 12 lessons undertaken with a Year 5 English Language Arts elementary class where students are explicitly introduced to a grammar for critical visual literacy. The goal is to apprentice students into political participation by developing their skills for critically reviewing and redesigning visual texts on the school website. The research is presented as an exploratory qualitative case study of a visiting teacher-researcher who collects data through audio and video recordings of students’ learning, work samples, and semi-structured interviews where students reflect on their learning outcomes. Data from four case study students are analysed to document which teaching and learning experiences support the development of students’ critical visual literacy practices and the way they respond to the political participation apprenticeship. The findings are that various students demonstrate their critical visual literacy skills through different activities within the unit of work, and that students are consciously supportive of their apprenticeship into the various dimensions of political participation.
CVA Hedging with Reinforcement Learning

This work considers the problem of a trader who must manage the Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) of a derivative, defined as the risk-neutral expectation of losses incurred if the counterparty of the derivative defaults. CVA can be regarded as a hybrid product, one of the most complex actively managed by a trading desk. Standard delta hedging based on sensitivities is not completely satisfactory for this product, because it ignores trading costs and jump-to-default risk while introducing unavoidable simplifications in the pricing model. In this paper we use risk-averse Reinforcement Learning to learn a superior hedging strategy compared to the standard delta hedging approach. Specifically, we generalize risk-averse Reinforcement Learning to stochastic horizons, to be compatible with counterparty defaults, and we introduce a realistic framework for the mechanics of the hedger’s portfolio in which the data generating process of the underlying risk drivers can be inconsistent with the risk-neutral laws used to price the CVA and the hedging instruments. The potential of the proposed approach is investigated empirically by numerical examples on hedging the CVA of a forex forward.
Influence of Topical N-Acetylcysteine Therapy on Macrophage Polarization Markers in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a prevalent inflammatory illness, affects a sizeable portion of the global population. An important component of the upper respiratory system, nitric oxide (NO) controls inflammatory responses and functions as an antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agent. The enzymes arginase (ARG) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), whose activity has been linked to a range of respiratory disorders, generate NO. N-acetylcysteine has demonstrated potential as a CRS treatment option. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of iNOS, ARG, and constitutive isoforms of NO-synthase in sinonasal fluid at multiple time points after surgery. Significant differences were observed in the levels of iNOS, ARG, and constitutive isoforms of NO-synthase between the two groups after treatment. The experimental group, receiving topical N-acetylcysteine, exhibited increased iNOS activity on the 3 rd day, followed by a decline on days 10 and 28. Similarly, ARG activity increased on day 3 rd in both groups but was lower in the experimental group at later time points. The findings suggest that NO-related enzymes, particularly iNOS and ARG, play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps. Additionally, topical N-acetylcysteine treatment seems to affect NO production and ARG activity, which may help to reduce inflammation and enhance clinical results. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of N-acetylcysteine in managing chronic rhinosinusitis and warrant further investigations into its broader implications for respiratory conditions. For patients with CRS without polyps, adding N-acetylcysteine to the treatment regimen may result in more focused and efficient therapeutic strategies.
Impacts of soil and water management, and of genotype characteristic on crop productivity and sustainability in irrigated rice

The irrigated rice system faces great challenges in terms of productivity and sustainability with respect to food shortage and environmental issues. This study was done to address concerns with regards to the soil resources availability, methane emissions, water scarcity and slow gain in grain yield. Comparison of soil properties between cultivated and uncultivated soils in farmer's field is a promising approach to evaluate soil fertility and to adjust existing practices to ensure that nutrient outflow will be in balanced with the nutrient inflow. In this study, cultivated soils had significantly lower fertility when compared with the uncultivated soils as indicated by the soil properties measured. The amount of fertilizer being added by the farmers was not sufficient. Moreover, soil management practices should be well monitored as methane emissions increased dramatically upon straw incorporation and methane was emitted mostly during the early growth phase of the rice crop. But, drainage during mid-tillering abruptly reduced methane emissions by 15-80% as compared with continuous flooding and without a significant effect on grain yield. The choice of inorganic fertilizer and cultivar also influenced the amount of methane emission rates. Ammonium sulfate plus urea significantly reduced emission by 50- 66% than urea alone. Drying the field during midtillering mitigated methane emission and also saved water. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) practice in irrigated rice fields starting from mid-tillering with a threshold of -30 kPa appeared as a more effective water-saving technology than field drying at mid-tillering: water productivity was significantly increased for all the contrasted genotypes evaluated and the amount of water input (WI) was significantly reduced by 33? 41% in -30 kPa depending on the genotypes. However, the delay in tiller cessation reported under AWD, where higher and prolonged duration of tiller emergence was observed compared with continuous flooding, was probably not favorable for maximizing grain yield (GY). The higher GY of rice hybrids compared with inbreds (by 14-18% average) was due to the higher biomass accumulation and efficient biomass partitioning among plant organs, related with earlier cessation of tiller emergence. This earlier cessation is associated with better partitioning of biomass within the plant and ultimately to the panicle. This then indicates that breeding programs targeted for high yield potential will be different with those for genotypes under water saving conditions. (Resume d'auteur)
Problematic English Consonant Sounds for Indonesian EFL Learners

This paper analyzes Indonesian EFL learners' perspectives on pronouncing problematic English consonant sounds. Therefore, the opinions of the Indonesian EFL learners about the difficulty level of 24 problematic consonants were the expected data. A descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze the data of this study. The study reveals that interlingual, intralingual, and developmental factors influence problematic English consonant sounds like /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /ʤ/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, and /r/, suggesting EFL learners are more attentive to these sounds to improve pronunciation.
Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Firm Size Toward Firm Value : The Mediating Role of Return on Asset

This “research delves into the critical aspects of company sustainability Debt to Equity Ratio and Firm Size and their consequential impact on company value. The focus is on scrutinizing the interplay of these elements on Firm Value through the lens of Return On Assets within Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The research encompasses manufacturing companies with Corporate Governance reports up to 2018, with a meticulous exclusion of those lacking routine publication during the observation period from 2012 to 2018. The study adopts a saturated sample approach, including all 14 eligible companies, resulting in a robust set of 98 observations. The anticipated outcomes seek to elucidate the intricate dynamics influencing Firm Value, specifically examining the roles of Debt to Equity Ratio, Firm Size, and Return On Assets. Methodologically, path analysis is the chosen tool for data examination. The findings highlight the direct impact of Debt to Equity Ratio and Firm Size on Firm Value, with an additional revelation that Firm Value is not only directly influenced but also mediated by Return On Assets, particularly in the context of Firm Size within Manufacturing Companies on the Indonesian Stock” Exchange. This research reveals a crucial discovery: Firm Value is influenced not only by the Debt to Equity Ratio and Firm Size, but also by the mediating effect of Return On Assets in Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Essentially, the complex interactions of these interconnected components provide a complete understanding of the complicated forces that determine the value of these organizations.
Adoption of recommended package of practices by rice growers in District Baramulla [ Jammu & Kashmir ]

The present study was conducted to measure the adoption levels of rice growers in 3 tehsils of Baramulla district namely Sopore, Bomai and Pattan. Four villages from each tehsil were selected randomly which makes a total of 12 villages and 10 rice growers from each village those were having above half an acre under rice were purposively selected that makes a sample of 120 rice growers for the study. It was found that majority (55.00 %) of the respondents had medium level of adoption. Majority of the respondents had full adoption of recommended rice varieties (55.83%), sowing time (93.33%), number of ploughings for puddling (71.66%) time of application nutrients for nursery (100%), dosage of nutrients (50.83%), time of application of FYM (97.50%) and time of application of weedicide(74.16%) whereas no adoption regarding seed treatment and dosage for seed treatment (76.66%) and none of respondents had adopted either disease management practices or pest management practices. The main reasons for non adoption were very poor knowledge about SKUAST-K recommendations (51.66%), producing only for consumption purpose (36.66%), poor contacts with officials of agriculture department about acquiring of knowledge regarding rice cultivation (27.50%) as mentioned by rice growers. The present study was not focused solely on adoption level of rice growers but also on constraints in adoption of recommended package of practices which can be the basis for further studies.
Parasitic contamination on vegetables irrigated with Awash River in selected farms, Eastern Showa, Ethiopia

This study was conducted from February, 2013 to April, 2013 to evaluate parasitic contamination of vegetable at Melka Hida and Wonji Gefersa wastewater irrigated vegetable farms that are found in Adama Woreda. A total of 72 vegetables samples were collected from both farms using a random sampling technique. Among all vegetables examined, Ascaris lumbricoides eggs were detected in 22.22% (16/72) of spinach (Spinacea oleracea), 16.67% (12/72) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and 23.61% (17/72) of cabbage (Brassica oleracea Linn). Giardia intestinalis cysts were detected in 18.06% (13/72) of spinach, 19.44% (14/72) of lettuce and 15.28% (11/72) cabbage samples. Of all parasitic contaminants Entamoeba histolytica cyst was the least detected parasite; 8.33% (6/72) of spinach, 12.5% (9/72) of lettuce and 8.33% (6/72) of cabbage samples from both farms. The high parasite contamination rates associated with these vegetable samples indicated poor farming practice employed in the overall production in the study area. Key words: Awash River, contamination, parasite, vegetables.