Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infrared Study of the Adsorption of Benzoic Acid and Nitrobenzene in Montmorillonite

Nitrobenzene and benzoic acid are coordinated through water molecules to the more highly polarizing exchangeable cations in the interlayer space of montmorillonite, but are directly coordinated to NH4+ and possibly also K+: On dehydration of the adsorption complexes the nitrobenzene and benzoic acid become directly coordinated to all of the exchangeable cations investigated. Benzoate ion was also formed in amounts which were dependent on the exchangeable cations.
Application of the measurement of the natural abundance of stable isotopes in viticulture: a review

The study of the natural abundance of stable isotopes in grapevine organs and tissues started in the late 1970s and, since then, a significant body of research has analysed how cultivar, rootstock, climate, soil and growing conditions affect the relative proportion of the stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C), oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) in grapevine organs. Besides, some research has been devoted to the study of the isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N), strontium (δ87Sr), boron (δ11B) and sulfur (δ34S) in vineyards. This review presents the state of the art of stable isotope determination in viticulture, and outlines some approaches that, to date, have not been considered in viticulture and that could be applied in future research.
STUDY OF SERUM THYROGLOBULIN IN DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMA

The pattern of serum Thyroglobulin levels in thyroidectomised patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) was studied in retrospect. The serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels during follow up after initial therapy, in remnant disease, association with metastasis and recurrences were evaluated. Serum thyroglobulin mean values of 4.78±0.4 ng/ml were observed in 37 subjects with successful initial therapy and no residual disease. In the group of subjects with residual disease serum thyroglobulin levels were 35.80±8.1 ng/ml. In contrast, patients with documented metastasis had serum thyroglobulin ranging from 20-1000 ng/dl with a mean of 470±369 ng/ml (n=23). Statistically significantly high values were noted in the group of subjects with metastasis at admission (n=6) and those with recurrence and metastasis (n=8) after a disease free period of 6 yrs (2-17 years) their mean values ranged from 403.85±311 ng/ml to 608±395 ng/ml respectively. In DTC with recurrence in the remnant (n=9) with a mean duration of 3.5 years following successful therapy the serum thyroglobulin levels were 159±102 ng/ml. In all the above subjects the serum thyroglobulin values profiled were over the accepted normal range of 0-10 ng/ml. This retrospective study reiterates the premise that thyroglobulin measurements provide a sensitive and pragmatic parameter in treatment and follow up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
A HPLC Method for Determination of Ursolic Acid and Betulinic Acids from their Methanolic Extracts of Vitex Negundo Linn

Ursolic and betulinic acids are very useful nutraceuticals available in herbs. Their quantitative estimation from the solvent extracts of the herbs is a great challenge. So far all the chromatographic methods available for identification and quantification of these acids are distinctly different, meaning thereby, each acid would require a separate method. Reverse phase (RP-HPLC) method is developed for determination of ursolic acid and betulinic acid from their methanol extract of Vitex negundo Linn leaves. Analysis was carried out using Waters’ symmetry C-18 column with acetonitrile: methanol (80:20) as isocratic elution mode with UV detection (λ=210 nm). The method is pretty linear for ursolic acid in the range of 0.01-0.1 mg/ml (R2 = 0.9961) and for betulinic acid in the range of 0.003-0.018 mg/ml (R2 = 0.999). The peaks of ursolic acid and betulinic acid were confirmed by LC-MS. The method was validated by mixing these acids standards in methanol and found that it is accurate, sensitive and has a good reproducibility.
Moisture Sorption Characteristics of Composite Foods Filled with Chocolate

We compared the moisture sorption isotherms (MSI's) and their temperature dependence of composite foods with those of crust and filling. The MSI were determined on cracker, cookie, chocolate, and two types of composite foods such as CFI (cracker/chocolate/cracker) and CF2 (cookle/chocolate/cookle) at 20, 30, and 40°C and 11-85% relative humldity, and fitted Into the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) equation. Chocolate had the lowest monolayer (m o ) value, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and sorption energy levels, followed by cookie and cracker. The CFI had higher EMC values and sorption energy than CF2. The GAB m o values and c 1 values decreased with temperature, while c 2 values Increased with temperature.
Influence of flow rate on the droplet generation process in a microfluidic chip

Droplet generation in microfluidics has attracted a great deal of attention due to the potential applications in many areas of science and technology. The understanding of the generation mechanism is still unsatisfactory and proposed models lack generality for different microchips with flow conditions and channel geometries. In this paper, we present new results of droplet generation in a PMMA microchip using flow-focusing technique. The current data are compared with existing published data obtained with similar generation microchip method. The dependence of the droplet size/slug length on the capillary number and ratio of the continuous phase and dispersed phase flow rates is investigated. A model has been proposed which explains well the data from several similar studies.
Antibacterial activity of mushroom Osmoporus odoratus

The petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone and water extracts of mushroom Osmoporus odoratus were selected for examine the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disc diffusion method using Muller Hinton agar media. And the extracts were compared with that of standard ampicillin (30 µg) and chloramphenicol (30 µg). The water extract alone showed antibacterial activity against the tested organisms and the results were comparable with that of ampicillin rather than chloramphenicol.
Developing a deep learning network suitable for automated classification of heterogeneous land covers in high spatial resolution imagery

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii List of Tables . vii List of Figures . viii 1 Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Dissertation Structure . 1 1.2 Background . 2 1.3 Research Questions . 8 1.4 Research Objectives . 9 1.5 Structure of the Thesis . 10 2 . Chapter 2: Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Complex Wetland Classification Using Optical Satellite Imagery . 18 2.
Recovery of alcohols from water using polydimethylsiloxane–silica nanocomposite membranes: Characterization and pervaporation performance

Different polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposite membranes were synthesized by incorporating various contents of nanosized silica particles to improve the PDMS pervaporation (PV) performance. A uniform dispersion of silica nanoparticles in the PDMS membranes was obtained. The nanocomposite membranes were characterized morphologically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that surface roughness increases by incorporating silica, and this decreases absorption of penetrants on the membrane. Swelling studies showed that the presence of silica nanoparticles into the PDMS membranes decreases degree of swelling, which can be attributed to rigidification of the PDMS matrix. Additionally, the results revealed that helium permeability decreases through the nanocomposite membranes, due to the more polymer chains packing. Effects of silica on recovery of isopropanol (IPA) from water mixtures were also investigated. Based on the results, incorporating silica nanoparticles promotes significantly the PDMS membrane selectivity because the polymer chains are rigidified and also the polymer free volume decreases. However, permeation flux decreases as diffusion of the penetrants reduces in the presence of silica nanoparticles within the PDMS membranes. As PV performance depends on operating conditions, effects of feed composition, and temperature were also studied. Moreover, recoveries of IPA, ethanol, and methanol from water mixtures were compared using the PDMS-silica nanocomposite membranes. The results demonstrated that polarity and solubility of alcohols affect permeation flux and selectivity resulting in the higher permeation flux and selectivity for IPA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Livelihood improvement of small farmers through family poultry in Bangladesh

The present study was undertaken to examine livelihood improvement of small farmers through family poultry by income and employment generation. The data were collected from 60 family poultry farms families from two upazila of Mymensingh district through direct interview method. As analytical tools simple statistical measures, Cobb Douglas production function was used to observe the impact of explanatory variables on gross return while problem confrontation index (PCI) was calculated in order to ascertain the extent of severity of problems confronted by family poultry farmers. It was found that family poultry farming was chosen by 100% farmers as subsidiary occupation. Small farmers earned an income of Tk. 3705.95 per year as net return from family poultry farming and it generated on average 53.23 working man days per year as employment especially for women. As regards of livelihood improvement, family poultry farming changed food habit, increased knowledge and skill, savings, social status, recreational facility, improved food nutritional condition, family health and sanitation and enhanced women empowerment. Among the explanatory variables observed bird cost, feed cost, labor cost had positive and significant impact on gross return and impact of transportation & marketing cost was positive but insignificant. Outbreak of disease was found as the main setback in family poultry production.
Three-step H2Se/Ar/H2S reaction of Cu-In-Ga precursors for controlled composition and adhesion of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 thin films

Control of the through-film composition and adhesion are critical issues for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and/or Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGSS) films formed by the reaction of Cu–In–Ga metal precursor films in H2Se or H2S. In this work, CIGSS films with homogenous Ga distribution and good adhesion were formed using a three-step reaction involving: (1) selenization in H2Se at 400 °C for 60 min, (2) temperature ramp-up to 550 °C and annealing in Ar for 20 min, and (3) sulfization in H2S at 550 °C for 10 min. The 1st selenization step led to fine grain microstructure with Ga accumulation near the Mo back contact, primarily in a Cu9(In1−xGax)4 phase. The 2nd Ar anneal step produces significant grain growth with homogenous through-film Ga distribution and the formation of an InSe binary compound near the Mo back contact. The 3rd sulfization step did not result in any additional change in Ga distribution or film microstructure but a small S incorporation near the CIGSS film surface and complete reaction of InSe to form CIGSS .
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PECKING DEPTH ON AMOUNT OF APICALLY EXTRUDED DEBRIS DURING ROOT CANAL PREPARATION

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare apically extruded debris caused by different pecking depth of Reciproc and HyFlex EDM systems. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two human mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n=18) based on the file type and pecking depths. In Group 1, a HyFlex EDM (Coltene-Whaledent, Allstetten, Switzerland) with 2 mm distance was used, in Group 2, HyFlex EDM with 4 mm distance was used. In Group 3, Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) with 2 mm distance was used, and in Group 4, Reciproc with 4 mm distance was used. The apically extruded debris was collected in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. Three sequential weight measurements were recorded for each Eppendorf tubes, and the average values were noted. Debris amount was calculated by subtracting the weight of the empty tubes from the weight of the tubes containing the debris. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc tests. Results: There was statistically significant difference between Group 4 (Reciproc with 4mm distance) and all the other groups (p<0.05), while no statistically significant was found among the other groups (p>0.05). The preparation time was the statistically significantly different between groups (p=0,008) and preparation time was longer in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p=0,012) and Group 4 (0,017). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, all groups led to a measurable apical extrusion of debris and reciprocal motion with increasing the pecking depth caused the most debris extrusion.
Cavity spot of carrots ‐ a pot experiment on cation effects

Abstract A pot experiment, using sand and peat, was done to investigate the effect on cavity spot of carrots of replacing calcium by various cations, notably ammonium. Despite an average incidence of more than one lesion per carrot, and some highly significant effects on plant cation composition, no striking effects on cavity spot incidence were observed. In sand, the “normal complete nutrient”; treatment had the least cavity spot, but in peat there were no significant differences. The distribution of the disorder was very non‐random and consistent with the involvement of an infective agent. Peat became very compacted between roots at their points of contact, but there was no obvious increased incidence of lesions at these points. It is concluded that the correlation previously found between cavity spot and soil ammonium was not causal.
Thermal and Electrical Properties of New Cathode Material Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3 − δ for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

A newly developed cathode material, Ba0.5Sr0. 5Co0.8Fe0. 2O3-delta, was synthesized and characterized. X-ray diffraction results identified it as a cubic perovskite structure. Thermogravimetric results showed that lattice oxygen loss was about 2% in weight between 50 and 1000 degrees C. Thermal expansion coefficient results in air and argon were extraordinarily high, with slope changes occurring at about 382 and 360 degrees C, respectively. Electrical conductivity values were sufficient for cathode application with the maximum of about 28.1 S cm(-1) at 500 degrees C in air and 17.3 S cm(-1) at 900 degrees C in N-2, correspondingly. Both thermal and electrical properties were closely associated with lattice oxygen behaviors and oxygen partial pressure. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society.
Determination of benzo (a) pyrene in Iraqi Chicken, doner kebab and fish samples cooked with charcoal or gas fire

Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been found in protein-rich food products where they are generated during certain food processing procedures. Benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P) is a member of a class of PAHs in which the molecular structure includes two or more fused aromatic rings with adjacent rings sharing two or more carbon atoms with the formula C20H12. Dietary intake of these compounds via a formation of B(a)P on processing or cooking lead to metastasis of tumors at several sites, particularly in the upper gastrointestinal tract.Objective: We aimed to determinate B(a)P in charcoal and gas broiled chicken, doner kebab and fish meats taken from some restaurants in Baghdad.Methods: Prospective study was done in Baghdad from july to decemper 2015 in (Palestine st and alsadria). 120 samples of chicken, doner kebab and fish were collected from some resturants in Baghdad area randomly.A 20 cooked samples using a charcoal fire and gas fire for each kind of meat mentioned above to determinate B(a)P in these samples.HPLC technique was used for determination.Results: Mean levels of B(a)P were found to be (11.6±11.08 μg/kg) ,(10.0±9.4 μg/kg) and (8.4±7.8 μg/kg) for a charcoal fire broiled chicken, doner kebab and fish respectively while mean levels of B(a)P were found to be (2.5±1.9 μg/kg) ,(2.3±1.7 μg/kg) and (2.0±1.4 μg/kg) for a gas fire respectively.Conclusion: The B(a)P levels of three samples cooked on a charcoal fire exceeded the maximum tolerance level for B(a)P of the European Union establishment (2005). The highest levels of B(a)P were found in charcoal-grilled samples.Therefore,present study provides important information on B(a)P in charcoal grilled meats in Iraq. This might help to avoid the contamination in food processing to secure food safety and to protect iraqi citizens.
A thermodynamic model of aqueous electrolyte solution behavior and solid-liquid equilibrium in the Li-H-Na-K-Cl-OH-H2O system to very high concentrations (40 molal) and from 0 to 250 °C

This paper describes a chemical model that calculates solute and solvent activities and solid-liquid equilibria in the Li-H-Na-K-Cl-OH-H2O system from dilute to high solution concentration within the 0 to 250 °C temperature range. The model coherently extends to Li the temperature-variable H-Na-K-OH-Cl-H2O model of Christov and Møller (2004b, p. 1309). The solubility modeling approach based on Pitzer's (1973, p. 268) specific interaction equations is used. All binary (LiCl-H2O and LiOH-H2O) and ternary (LiCl-HCl-H2O, LiCl-NaCl-H2O, LiCl-KCl-H2O, LiOH-NaOH-H2O, LiOH-KOH-H2O, and LiOH-LiCl-H2O) lithium subsystems are included in the model parameterization. The model for the LiCl-H2O system is parameterized using two different approaches: (1) with 4 ion interaction binary parameters (β(0), β(1), β(2), and Cϕ), and (2) with 3 ion interaction binary parameters (β(0), β(1), and Cϕ) and including neutral aqueous LiCl0(aq) species. Approach (2) provides a better fit of activity data in unsaturated binary solutions and accurately predicts solid solubilities up to 40 mol.kg−1 and up to 250 °C. Therefore, this approach was used to parameterize lithium chloride mixed systems. Temperature functions for the thermodynamic solubility product (as log Kosp) of 5 simple lithium salts (LiCl.2H2O(cr), LiCl. H2O(cr), LiCl(cr), LiOH. H2O(cr), and LiOH(cr)) are determined. The log Kosp values of 3 double lithium basic salts precipitating in the LiOH-LiCl-H2O system at 50 °C (3LiOH.LiCl(cr), LiOH.LiCl(cr), and LiOH.3LiCl(cr)) are also estimated using solubility data.
The capsaicinoids: Their separation, synthesis, and mutagenicity

Synthese de la capsaicine et des hydroxy-4 methoxy-3 benzylamides des acides methyl-9 caprique, methyl-8 pelargonique, methyl-7 caprylique, methyl-6 heptene-4oique, methyl-7 octene-5oique et methyl-9 decene-7oique
A raman spectroscopic study of tetramethylammonium tribromocadmate

Raman scattering in tetramethylammonium tribromocadmate crystals is measured at room temperature and low temperature down to 9 K in the region from 10 to 3400 cm -1 . The infrared spectrum in the NIR region is also taken at room temperature to facilitate the identification of the vibrational modes. Efforts are made to identify the vibrational bands and the structural phase transition. However, no remarkable change can be observed in our temperature dependent measurements to characterize the transition.
Transformations and losses of swine manure 15N as affected by application timing at two contrasting sites

An improved understanding of the fate of manure N is necessary for developing efficient manure management plans that ensure adequate crop nutrition and minimum environmental problems. This study quantified the fate of 15N-labelled liquid swine manure applied at three different times (late-fall, spring pre-plant and side-dress) on two soil types (a well-drained fine sandy loam and an imperfectly drained silt loam). Manure N uptake by corn (Zea mays L.) was significantly lower with fall application than with two spring applications (14-18% vs. 30-38% of applied N) in both soil types. Manure application increased total N leaching (30-43 vs. 27 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in the control), especially with fall application. Manure N contributed 18-25% of the total N leached in the fine sandy loam and 8-10% of the total N leached in the silt loam. Application timing did not affect manure N leaching in the silt loam, which ranged between 3 and 5% of applied N. In the fine sandy loam, fall application resulted in significantly.
An Experimental Determination of the Excess Pressure produced in a Liquid Dielectric by an Electric Field

A Schlieren optical system has been used to measure the pressure Δp (by its effect on the refractive index) induced in non-polar isotropic liquid dielectrics by the application of an electric field E. All the results agree with the equation which is derived from the theory due to Helmholtz, Δp = E2(-1)(+2)/24π where is the permittivity of the liquid, and not with the equation based on the theory of Livens.
Nitrification Inhibitor Influences on Potato

Nitrification inhibitors may reduce loss of fertilizer N from the root zone by reducing leaching and denitrification. This reduced N loss should be reflected in increased crop yields. These studies were conducted to determine if potato yield, specific gravity, or leaf N at flowering would be increased by use of nitrification inhibitors. Nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide (DCD) and 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)- pyridine (nitrapyrin) were evaluated in five studies on potato (Solanum tuberosum L- cv- Atlantic) in Northeast Morida on an Arenic Ochraqualf, a Grossarenic Paleudult, and a Grossarenic Paleaquult [. ]
N-Like rheograms of suspensions of magnetic nanofibers

Rheograms of suspensions of single-domain magnetic nanofibers in the presence of an applied magnetic field display an N-like shape. Namely, the shear stress initially increases with the shear rate, reaching a maximum at values of the shear rate of the order of 10 s−1, then decreases to a minimum and, finally, increases monotonically as the shear rate is further increased. In this paper we present a theoretical model that explains this shape of the rheograms from a microscopical viewpoint. Our model considers that two types of nanofiber aggregates of ellipsoidal shape are built upon magnetic field application, depending on the strength of solid friction between nanofibers in each type of aggregate. In the first type of aggregate, interfiber friction is not very strong and nanofibers could reorganize as the aggregate is tilted by the shear flow, giving rise to a “paramagnetic” aggregate with changeable magnetization. In the second type of aggregate, interfiber friction is so strong that nanofiber orientations are fixed and, thus, the magnitude and direction (along the aggregate main axis) of the magnetization of the aggregate are fixed too. This model is a simplification of the real situation in which a more or less continuous distribution of the aggregates over the friction forces is expected. In spite of this simplification, the predictions of our model agree qualitatively and quantitatively with experimental results.
Electronic structure of dimanganese(II,III) and dimanganese(III,IV) complexes and dimanganese catalase enzyme: a general EPR spectral simulation approach

A general approach for simulation of APR spectra of mixed-valence dimanganese complexes and proteins is presented, based on the theory of Sage et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7239-7247), which overcomes limitations inherent in the theory of strongly coupled ions. This enables explanation of «anomalous» spectral parameters and extraction of accurate g tensors and 55 Mn magnetic hyperfine tensors from which the spatial distribution of the unpaired spin density, the electronic configuration, and ligand field parameters have been obtained. This is used to analyze highly accurate simulations of the APR spectra, obtained by least-squares fits of two mixed valence oxidation states, from a series of dimanganese(II,III) and dimanganese(III,IV) complexes and from the dimanganese catalase enzyme, MnCat(II,III) and MnCat(III,IV), from Thermus thermophilus