Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pasteurization effects on yield and physicochemical parameters of cheese in cow and goat milk

Cheese production is one of the most common forms of valorization of dairy production, adding value and preserving milk. Various types of cheese produced from raw and pasteurized milk are known worldwide. On the present work, we are interested in studying the effect of the type of milk (raw and pasteurized) of two species (cow and goat) on the yield and physicochemical characteristics of the fresh cheese. On the northeastern Algeria, on 5 cow farms and 3 goat farms; 5 raw and 5 pasteurized milk cheese manufacturing trials were conducted. The analysis of the results of the 80 samples of milk and cheese of both cow and goat species showed that the latter contained significantly more fat and protein than cow’s milk and that pasteurized milk contained more protein than raw milk. As a result, actual cheese yield of goat cheese was higher than that of cows in pasteurized and raw milk. For higher yield, our result supported the use of pasteurized milk as a raw material in the manufacture of farmhouse cheese. Practical Application: For cheese-making under small scale using milk from cow or goatI: pasteurization can increase actual cheese yield.
Community pharmacists as vaccine providers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the history of pharmacist involvement as vaccine providers in the USA and discuss examples of growing interests in other parts of the world. Design/methodology/approach Literature searches were performed in PubMed as well as pharmacy-related journals. Findings Pharmacists have been involved with the storage and management of vaccines for more than a century. Based on the unmet needs in meeting national goals for vaccination rates among adults in the USA, efforts led to training and recognizing pharmacists as vaccine providers which is now within the scope of practice for a pharmacist in all US states and territories. Pharmacists complete a comprehensive training program in vaccine sciences, regulatory considerations, as well as demonstration of skills in administering vaccines. Over 300,000 pharmacists have been trained in vaccine delivery and this represents the majority of the pharmacist workforce in the USA. There are examples of the beneficial impact of pharmacist involvement as vaccine providers in community pharmacy settings. Research limitations/implications This review is based on a thorough review of the literature but was not conducted in a systematic fashion. Originality/value This review provides a historical perspective and evidence of the benefit of pharmacists as vaccine providers.
A simulation study comparing model fit measures of structural equation modeling with multivariate contaminated normal distribution

Abstract SEM is a very popular analytical method for quantitative studies in many disciplines. The goal of SEM is to determine the model that best fits the data. The data sets were generated from the multivariate contaminated normal distribution in this study. The aim of the study was to determine the best goodness of fit measures not affected by data structures and sample sizes. ADF, ML, and GLS estimation methods were applied under the multivariate nonnormality. According to the ADF method, AGFI, GFI, and RMSEA were not affected by sample size and correlation changes. CFI, NFI, and NNFI values were affected by both sample size and correlation changes. RMR always received values outside the acceptable fit limits in all sample sizes and correlation values. Consequently; if the data are multivariate nonnormality, the sample size should be greater than 250 units and AGFI, GFI and RMSEA fit measures should be used.
Journey of dengue in Rajasthan in the last 15 years (2001-2015) with special reference to 2015

Introduction: Dengue is an underestimated and under-reported disease. We have analyzed the last 15 years data of dengue reported in Rajasthan with special reference to the year 2015 to assess the trends. Materials and Methods: This observational, descriptive study was conducted during January 2016-August 2016. Secondary data were collected from Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) Cell, Directorate, Medical and Health, Jaipur, the website of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Census 2011. Reports of P form and L form and line listing of dengue cases of 2015 were collected. Results: Rajasthan had 1452 laboratory-confirmed cases in 2001 and 1850 in 2006 after a gap of 6 years. The next surge came only after 3 years gap. Recently, there was a fourfold increase (>4000 cases/year) during 2013 and 2015. There were substantial dengue deaths till 2009, but thereafter, it never crossed the figure of 10. Surprisingly five districts, i.e., Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Jhalawar, Pali, and Sirohi, did not report a single case of dengue during 2015. There was fourfold increase in dengue cases but paradoxically fourfold decrease in malaria cases in the last 5 years. Conclusion: Dengue was the new emerging disease with 1452 confirmed cases in Rajasthan in 2001. Thereafter, there was a constant high load of dengue; however, case-fatality rate is below one after 2010. Recently, there was a fourfold increase (>4000 cases/year) during 2013 and 2015. Zero reporting of dengue in a few districts indicates the need for improvement in IDSP reporting in these districts.
Formation Criteria for Hyporheic Anoxic Microzones: Assessing Interactions of Hydraulics, Nutrients, and Biofilms

Recent experimental studies have detected the presence of anoxic microzones in hyporheic sediments. These microzones are small‐scale anoxic pores, embedded within oxygen‐rich porous media and can act as anaerobic reaction sites producing reduction compounds such as nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. Microbes are a key control on nutrient transformation in hyporheic sediment, but their associated biomass growth is also capable of altering hydraulic flux, leading to potential bioclogging. Here, we developed one of the first computational modeling approaches that combined hydraulics and microbial conditions to explore the continuous evolution of microzones in stream sediments. The model assessed stream and sediment conditions with different hydraulic flux (0.1–1.0 m/day Darcy flux), nutrient concentrations (O2 = 8 mg/L, OrgC = 20 mg/L, NO−3 = 1.5–3 mg/L, and NH3 = 0.5–1 mg/L), and biomass scenarios (with and without). The model domain is a pore network model with random sized pore‐throat radii creating heterogeneous and anisotropic flow that is representative of a natural streambed composed of medium sand with a hydraulic conductivity of 0.8 m/day. Results from 30 day simulations indicate that hyporheic microzone formation will occur and microzone distributions are not simply controlled by residence time alone, rather by the complex interactions of hydraulic flux, nutrient concentrations, and biomass, with bioclogging having strong feedbacks on both hydraulics and nutrients. Under all conditions with biomass growth, anoxic microzones were unstable, perishing a few days after formation, because bioclogging primarily occurs near the influent (downwelling) area of the hyporheic zone. In turn, this bioclogging shifts transport conditions from advection‐dominated to diffusion‐dominated transport, removing all oxic regions in the hyporheic zone. Overall, results from the modeling show that anoxic microzones are likely to form under many hyporheic zone conditions, and be dynamic through space and time as they are dependent on both hydraulic flux and nutrient transport.
Drop-Size Distribution Variations Associated with Different Storm Types in Southeast Texas

Drop-size distributions (DSDs) provide important microphysical information about rainfall and are used in rainfall estimates from radar. This study utilizes a four-year DSD dataset of 163 rain events obtained using a Joss–Waldvogel impact disdrometer located in southeast Texas. A seasonal comparison of the DSD data shows that small (~1 mm diameter) drops occur more frequently in winter and fall, whereas summer and spring months see an increase in the relative frequency of medium and large (~>2 mm diameter) drops, with notable interannual variability in all seasons. Each rain event is classified by dynamic forcing and radar precipitation structure to more directly link environmental and storm organization properties to storm microphysics. Cold fronts and upper-level disturbances account for 80% of the rain events, whereas warm fronts, weakly forced situations, and tropical cyclones comprise the other 20%. Warm frontal storms and upper-level disturbances have smaller drops compared to the climatological DSD for southeast Texas, whereas the more dynamically vigorous cold fronts and weakly forced environments have larger drops. Tropical cyclones generally produce smaller drops than the climatology, but their DSD anomalies are sensitive to what part of the storm is sampled. Regardless of dynamic forcing, storms with precipitation structures that are mostly deep convective or stratiform rain formed from deep convection have larger drops, whereas stratiform rain formed from non-deep convection has smaller drops. Reflectivity-rain rate (Z-R) relationships that account for dynamic forcing and precipitation structures improve rainfall estimates compared to climatological Z-R relationships despite a wide spread in Z-R relationships by storm.
Embedded Systems Security: On EM Fault Injection on RISC-V and BR/TBR PUF Design on FPGA

With the increased usage of embedded computers in modern life and the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), embedded systems security has become a real concern. Especially with safety-critical systems or devices that communicate sensitive data, security becomes a critical issue. Embedded computers more than others are vulnerable to hardware attacks that target the chips themselves to extract the cryptographic keys, compromise their security, or counterfeit them. In this thesis, embedded security is studied through two different areas. The first is the study of hardware attacks by investigating Electro Magnetic Fault Injection (EMFI) on a RISC-V processor. And the second is the study of the countermeasures against counterfeiting and key extraction by investigating the implementation of the Bistable Ring Physical Unclonable Function (BR-PUF) and its variant the TBR-PUF on FPGA. The experiments on a 320 MHz five-stage pipeline RISC-V core showed that with the increase of frequency and the decrease of supplied voltage, the processor becomes more susceptible to EMFI. Analysis of the effect of EMFI on different types of instructions including arithmetic and logic operations, memory operations, and flow control operations showed different types of faults including instruction skips, instructions corruption, faulted branches, and exception faults with variant probabilities. More interestingly and for the first time, multiple consecutive instructions (up to six instructions) were empirically shown to be faulted at once, which can be very devastating, compromising the effect of software countermeasures such as instruction duplication or triplication. This research also studies the hardware implementation of the BR and TBR PUFs on a Spartan-6 FPGA. A comparative study on both the automatic and manual placement implementation approaches on FPGA is presented. With the use of the settling time as a randomization source for the automatic placement, this approach showed a potential to generate PUFs with good characteristics through multiple trials. The automatic placement approach was successful in generating 4-input XOR BR and TBR PUFs with almost ideal characteristics. Moreover, optimizations on the architectural and layout levels were performed on the BR and TBR PUFs to reduce their footprint on FPGA. This research aims to advance the understanding of the EMFI effect on processors, so that countermeasures may be designed for future secure processors. Additionally, this research helps to advance the understanding of how best to design improved BR and TBR PUFs for key protection in future secure devices.
A Review of Russian Snow Avalanche Models—From Analytical Solutions to Novel 3D Models

The article is a review of mathematical models of snow avalanches that have been proposed since the middle of the 20th century and are still in use. The main attention is paid to the work of researchers from the Soviet Union and Russia, since many of their works were published only in Russian and are not widely available. Mathematical models of various levels of complexity for avalanches of various types—from dense to powder-snow avalanches—are discussed. Analytical solutions including formulas for the avalanche front speed are described. The results of simulations of the movement of avalanches are given that were used to create avalanche hazard maps. The last part of the article is devoted to constructing models of a new type, in which avalanches are considered as laminar or turbulent flows of non-Newtonian fluids, using the full (not depth-averaged) equations of continuum mechanics. The results of a numerical study of the effect of non-Newtonian rheology and mass entrainment on the avalanche dynamics are presented.
Quality and safety in healthcare: does leadership behaviour of commissioners affect outcomes?

Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCG’s) now control two-thirds of the NHS budget for England, influencing healthcare provider priorities and playing a key role in implementing the NHS plan. However significant failures in healthcare has highlighted a dissonance between expressed values of leaders and everyday routine practices. This research aims to explore the leadership behaviour of Commissioners and the role it plays in determining Quality & Safety (Q&S) in healthcare. The research took a pragmatic mixed method approach using two phases: phase 1 used focused video ethnography to observe Commissioners (n=9) verbal and non-verbal communication in an open forum setting. The research method further develops the process to observe real time group dynamics and may aid decision making processes for leaders in healthcare. Phase 2 employed a quantitative questionnaire (n=48) to determine the leadership behaviours that subordinates would expect their Commissioners to adopt. The findings of this research identified that the leadership style most prevalent within the Commissioners was transactional in nature. The Commissioners felt joint ownership of the risks to patients from providers of healthcare services, with empathy and understanding of the pressure their colleagues were under. The most prevalent behaviour within the group determined outcomes of risk analysis. The questionnaire to subordinates of Commissioners identified that transformational leadership had the best outcome on staff performance if this was linked to positive leadership style. In addition Commissioners appeared to lack consistency when analysing risks effectively and therefore holding providers to account, citing issues such as “professional drift” and concerns over further scrutiny, as validation for this approach. This confusion of leadership behaviours, allied with poor analysis of risk leaves Commissioners prone to repeating previous healthcare failures.
DIAGNÓSTICO DE SEPSE EM PACIENTES APÓS INTERNAÇÃO EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

Introduction: Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Patients with sepsis (formerly called severe sepsis) should still be identified by the same organ dysfunction criteria (including lactate level greater than 2 mmol/L). Organ dysfunction may also be identified in the future using the quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA). Currently, sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality in Intensive Care Units. In 2003, the Sepsis Surviving Campaign was created, elaborating a schedule of actions to reduce the incidence of sepsis, especially in intensive care units. Objective: To know the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients who developed sepsis during Intensive Care Units admission. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study using a quantitative approach performed at the Intensive Care Units. Data were obtained through an electronic medical record. The software Epi Info, version 7.2. 1.0 was used to analyze data. Results: The largest number of patients hospitalized was male, aged from 51 to 70 years. The most common comorbidities were Systemic Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, alcoholism, smoking, and heart disease. The most analyzed post-sepsis outcome was discharge from Intensive Care Units, and the patients were considerably males. Conclusion: We conclude that the patients who most developed sepsis were men (62%), aged ranging from 51 to 70 years (36%). The main comorbidity was systemic hypertension (42%) and the most observed outcome was discharge from the Intensive Care Units (67%). Descriptors: Sepsis, Diagnosis, Intensive Care Units, Patients, Hospitalization.
Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Aim: We study the electrocardiographic abnormalities at time of diagnosis of acute PE in our series of consecutive patients of the last years. We conclude that the electrocardiogram may have diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with acute PE. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 154 consecutive patients with acute PE.Diagnosis of PE was established by a high-probability ventilation/perfusion lung scan (121 patients), pulmonary angiography or spiral computed tomography (19 patients), or the combination of a suggestive clinical picture with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) demonstrated by phlebography or echo-doppler (14 patients). Results: Electrocardiogram at time of diagnosis showed abnormalities consistent with acute PE in 107 patients (69.5%). These electrocardiographic abnormalities were: sinus tachycardia in 85 patients (55.2%), S1Q3T3 pattern in 41 patients (26.6%), right bundle branch block in 23 patients (14.9%), T-wave inversion in precordial leads in 22 patients (14.3%), supraventricular tachycardias in 11 patients (7.1%), ST segment depression in 4 patients (2.6%) and P pulmonale in 1 patient (0.6%). Supraventricular tachycardias were: presumed new-onset atrial fibrilation in 8 patients, atrial flutter in 2 patients and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in 1 patient. Conclusion: We might conclude that sinus tachycardia and S1Q3T3 pattern are the principal determinants of severity between the electrocardiographic abnormalities at time of diagnosis in patients with acute PE.
Top Quark Spin and Polarization Properties in Searches for New Phenomena with the CMS Detector at the LHC

In this work, a search for heavy pseudoscalar and scalar (A/H) Higgs bosons decaying to top-anti-top quark pairs (tt̄) and a measurement of top quark polarization and tt̄ spin correlation are presented, performed using 35.9 /fb of data recorded by the CMS experiment in 2016. The dileptonic tt̄ final state is investigated in both analyses. The A/H Higgs boson search exploits the 2-dimensional spectrum of tt̄ invariant mass and an angular observable sensitive to both the spin and parity of the tt̄ system. The search probes mass and relative decay width ranges of 400 750 GeV and 0.5% 50%, respectively. An excess consistent with the A(400 GeV, 5%) signal hypothesis is observed with a local significance of 4σ in the dileptonic channel and 3. 7σ in the combination of dileptonic and semileptonic channels. The global significance of such an excess is found to be 2σ. Exclusion regions on the coupling modifier of the A/H to top quarks are derived. These results are converted into exclusion regions in the context of a supersymmetric model, the hMSSM, and are given in the parameter space mA-tan β. In the spin correlation measurement, the distributions of all independent observables that are directly sensitive to the elements of top quark polarization vector and tt̄ spin density matrix are measured, unfolded to the level of generated partons, and extrapolated to the full phase space. In addition, the distributions of two angles between the charged leptons in the laboratory frame, which are, however, only indirectly sensitive to the tt̄ spin correlations but can be extracted with excellent experimental resolution, are measured. An overall good agreement with the standard model is observed. However, there is some tension between the data and predictions in the distribution of the azimuthal gap between the charged leptons in the laboratory frame. The measurements are used to constrain anomalous contributions within an Effective Field Theory framework.
The effect of firm characteristics on the prime office accommodation decision

ABSTRACT This paper examines whether firm characteristics are significant determinants in leasing decisions of Australian corporate occupiers. A logistic regression is used to examine the significance of industry, company size and geographic reach of 127 ASX300 corporate occupiers on the prime or non-prime corporate office accommodation decision in Melbourne, Australia. Findings indicate that certain industry and company size characteristics are significant determinants of the prime/non-prime decision. However, the amount of influence of these characterisitics varied from a previous study. This supports claims about the geographic heterogeneity of markets suggested in earlier studies but does suggest that additional research is required to establish how general is the phenomenon. This work also demonstrates further research is needed into the influence of both objective and subjective firm characteristics on accommodation decisions.
β-Glucan Degradation During Malting of Different Purpose Barley Varieties

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of predicting the concentration of β-glucan from starting barley and malt, as well as malt and wort for different types and purpose of barley groups. The strength of the correlation between types and purpose of barley groups was determined between the values of β-glucans and other indicators of cytolytic degradation. Statistically significant correlations were obtained for β-glucans in barley-malt (r = 0.9717) and barley-wort (r = 0.9998) for brewing (B w-tr) and brewing/feed winter two-row (B/Fe w-tr) varieties, and for brewing/brewing feed/feed spring varieties (B/B-Fe/Fe w-tr) between barley and Δm (Δm = β-glucan difference between barley and malt) (r = 0.8779). For the dual-purpose varieties (B/Fe w-tr), a strong correlation for β-glucans was found between malt and wort (r = 0.8188), malt and Δm* (Δm* = % of degraded β-glucan in malt in regard to the starting β-glucan in barley) (r = −0.9099), as well as Δm and Δm* (r = 0.9951). The results indicate that the starting concentration of β-glucan in barley and malt can be used as predictors of their concentration in wort only in brewing and dual-purpose (brewing-feed) varieties.
Students’ and teachers’ attitude towards translanguaging: an inter university study in Dhaka

An age old question whether or not native language should be used in second language classroom is still unanswered. On the basis of this thought, this research aimed to figure out students’ and teachers’ attitude towards translanguaging from Bangladeshi context. It mainly focused on tertiary level students and their teachers, for which 156 students and 10 teachers of 7 privately-run universities of Dhaka participated in the data collection procedure. Lev Vygotsky’s socio cultural theory and the concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD) were used to analyze the data.Findings showed that translanguaging might be useful to understand meaning of unknown words, to provide assistance to weak students, and to boost students’ confidence level. This study also highlighted how contextual need would suggest teachers when to use the native tongue alongside the target language.