Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High‐calorie Diet Induces Vascular and Hemodynamic Abnormalities in Absence of Change in Blood Glucose or Insulin Levels: Modulation by Oral Anti‐hyperglycemic Drugs

While the effect of hyperglycemia associated with diabetes on vascular function is well‐established by experimental and clinical evidence, few studies examined the early onset vascular changes occurring within the context of diabetes development before the establishment of frank hyperglycemia. Moreover, recent clinical evidence suggests a vasculoprotective effect for anti‐hyperglycemic drugs that is not a direct consequence of their effect on blood glucose level. Thus, an early intervention with diabetic vascular complications, be it through anti‐hyperglycemic drugs or otherwise, requires an adequate understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanism. In this study, we used a high calorie‐fed rat model, known to develop stable fasting hyperglycemia on long‐term feeding, to study changes in vascular function prior to the development of diabetes. Rats were fed a high fat (15% saturated fat), high fructose (20%) diet for 12 weeks, at which point there was no increase in fasting serum glucose, serum insulin, nor mean arterial pressure (MAP). Aortic rings from these rats showed an increased contractile response to phenylephrine (PE) compared to rings from age‐matched control animals, with an increased sensitivity (reduced EC50). The PE‐induced contractions were resistant to Ca‐free physiological solution and appeared to be more sensitive to Rho kinase inhibition. In parallel, the hypercontractile phenotype was manifested as an increase in the pressor effect of PE upon administration in vivo with a poor reflex bradycardiac response, despite the absence of a change in basal MAP. On the other hand, aortic rings from the high‐calorie fed rats showed an impaired endothelium‐dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine (ACh), with increased constriction with higher ACh concentrations. Cyclo‐oxygenase‐mediated relaxation appeared to be most affected in these vessels, whereas nitric oxide donor‐mediated relaxations were not affected. Both ACh‐mediated relaxation and constriction were abolished in denuded rings from high‐calorie fed rats or upon treatment with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Again, the altered dilatory effect was reflected in a reduced in vivo depressor response. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry showed an increased intimal thickness of aorta from these rats together with increased TGF‐β1 and Smad 3 expression. A two‐week treatment with either pioglitazone or metformin reversed the increased contractility to PE, increased intimal thickness, and increased TGF‐β1 expression with no change in fasting serum glucose. Our results suggest that early vascular dysfunction associated with high calorie intake involve inflammatory changes that could be linked to adipose inflammation. Anti‐hyperglycemic drugs showed a possible vascular anti‐inflammatory effect that is distinct from their effect on glycemic control.
Dysfunction of Insulin‐like Growth Factor Signaling in Skeletal Muscles of Low Birth Weight Neonatal Pigs

Low birth weight (LBWT) neonates experience restricted fetal muscle development and impaired postnatal muscle growth. Our previous data suggest that protein synthesis is lower while protein degradation is not different in skeletal muscle of LBWT compared to normal birth weight (NBWT) neonatal pigs. We hypothesized that decreased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of LBWT pigs is a consequence of dysfunction of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) signaling cascade. Twenty four LBWT and NBWT male pigs were euthanized to collect blood and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle samples. Plasma IGF‐I concentration was measured using a commercial ELISA kit, mRNA expression by real‐time PCR and protein expression and phosphorylation by western blot. Plasma IGF‐I concentration and mRNA expression of IGF‐I and IGF binding protein 5 (IGFBP 5) were lower in LD muscle of LBWT pigs (P < 0.05). However, mRNA and protein expression of IGF‐I receptor was higher in the LD muscle of LBWT compared to NBWT pigs (P < 0.05). Protein expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) were lower in LD muscle of LBWT compared to their NBWT siblings (P < 0.05). These results suggest that in spite of the increased abundance of IGF‐I receptor in muscles of LBWT pigs, there is a reduction in the expression of downstream effectors of IGF‐I. As a result, IGF signaling is compromised and could contribute to impaired postnatal muscle growth in LBWT compared to NBWT neonatal pigs.
Model of quantum measurement and thermodynamical cost of accuracy and stability of information processing

The quantum measurement problem is revisited and discussed in terms of a new solvable measurement model which basic ingredient is the quantum model of a controlled single-bit memory. The structure of this model involving strongly coupled spin and quantum harmonic oscillator allows to define stable pointer states as well-separated Gaussian states of the quantum oscillator and analyze the transition from quantum to classical regime. The relations between accuracy of measurement, stability of pointer states, effective temperature of joint thermal and quantum noise and minimal work needed to perform the bit-flip are derived. They differ from those based on the Landauer principle and are used to analyze thermodynamic efficiency of quantum Szilard engine and imply more realistic estimations of minimal amount of work needed to perform long computations.
Triggering Factivity: ProsodicEvidence for Syntactic Structure

It is well-known that, across languages, so-called “given” information (as opposed to “new” information) systematically correlates with lack of phonetic prominence, or deaccentuation (Halliday 1967, Taglicht 1982, Ladd 1996, Selkirk 1995, Schwarzschild 1999, among many others). The primary goal of this paper is to provide a minimalist syntactic account for a sub-case of this phenomenon, namely the correlation between “givenness” and / or “presupposition” of clausal complements (i.e., factivity, Kiparsky and Kiparsky 1970) on the one hand, and deaccentuation, on the other – a correlation that, as I will show, holds across several languages. In line with Chomsky’s (2004) “best case” scenario, according to which the components of the derivation of proceed cyclically in parallel, the central claim that I put forward in this paper is that (at least some) information which leads to certain prosodic outcomes, or spell-outs, is encoded in the (narrow) syntax. That is, (some) prosodically expressed information is part of the numeration (in the sense of an abstract morpheme, Embick and Noyer, to appear), or its analogue. Specifically, I contend that: (i) the [+presupposed] status of an embedded CP must be expressed; (ii) this is achieved syntactically (via functional structure); and (iii) the head hosting the relevant syntactic feature, which is instantiated overtly either by some expletive-like element (such as a clitic, a pronoun, a modal element, etc.), or simply by destressing (or deaccentuation), is a probe for the goal (here: CP) with an OCC feature, yielding the various patterns that are found and that are described in some detail in this paper. This paper is organized as follows. In section 2, I start out by presenting Kiparsky and Kiparsky’s (1970) construal of factivity, introduce some factivity triggers, and make a point as to why the distinction factive/non-factive may be thought of in terms of information structure. Then section 3 lays out a syntactic model of the correlation between factivity and deaccentuation, which crucially relies on Chomsky’s (2004) architectural best-case desideratum. Finally in section 4 I discuss certain extensions that push the research agenda introduced here further towards a more syntactic account of phenomena that are generally addressed in terms of information structure.
A monoclinic ferroelectric phase transition in the Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 solid solution

A previously unreported ferroelectric phase has been discovered in a highly homogeneous sample of PbZr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48}O{sub 3} by high-resolution synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction measurements. At ambient temperature the sample has tetragonal symmetry (a{sub t} = 4.037 {angstrom}, c{sub t} = 4.138 {angstrom}), and transforms below {approx} 250 K into a phase which, unexpectedly, has monoclinic symmetry (a{sub m} = 5.717 {angstrom}, b{sub m} = 5.703 {angstrom}, c{sub m} = 4.143 {angstrom}, {beta}= 90.53{sup o}, at 20 K). The intensity data strongly indicate that the polar axis lies in the monoclinic ac plane close to the pseudocubic [111] direction, which would be an example of the species m3m(12)A2Fm predicted on symmetry grounds by Shuvalov.
Fetal Growth Restriction Results in Increased Mammary Tumor Development

While a significant body of evidence indicates size at birth is linked to the development of a variety of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in adulthood, the connection between birth weight and incidence of cancer is less clear. Recent studies have identified insulin like growth factors (IGFs) as important molecules in carcinogenesis. Thus, we hypothesized that placental insufficiency alters fetal IGF levels and increases incidence of mammary gland cancer in the offspring. To this end we, employed our well characterized model of reduced utero‐placental perfusion (RUPP) that results in placental insufficiency to generate fetal tissues and growth restricted offspring. Mammary cancers were induced in vivo in normal pregnant (NP) and RUPP offspring at weaning (21 days), by injection of 50 mg 1‐methyl‐1nitrosouraea (NMU)/kg body weight or DMSO. Fetal hepatic IGF‐2 levels were increased (155.6 ± 12.6 vs. 117 ± 6.3 pg/mL; p<0.05) in RUPP fetuses and mammary gland tumors developed 4 weeks earlier in the RUPP‐NMU offspring, prior to their NP‐NMU counterparts (p<0.01). The present data demonstrate for the first time that fetal growth restriction associated with placental insufficiency results in increased incidence of mammary tumor development. Moreover, this is associated with increased expression of a potent fetal growth factor that plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer.
Increases in Locomotor Activity during Spontaneous Cannabinoid Withdrawal in Mice

Spontaneous cannabinoid (CB) withdrawal following exposure to Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has been described man but has been inadequately characterized in mice. To address this issue, radiotelemetry was used to measure body temperature and locomotor activity in different groups of CD1 or C57 mice treated for 5–60 days with saline, 10–20 mg/kg/day of the CB partial agonist THC or 0.03–0.1 mg/kg/day of the CB high‐efficacy agonist AM2389. The effects of treatment were assessed throughout the regimen and for up to 10 days after the last injection to capture withdrawal‐related perturbations in thermoregulation or motor activity. Results show that acute exposure to AM2389 or THC decreased both temperature and activity. Rapid tolerance occurred to the hypothermic effects of the cannabinoids, whereas locomotor activity continued to be suppressed following each drug injection. In contrast, increases in locomotor activity were evident 12–72 hrs after discontinuing daily injections of AM2389, but not THC. Measurable effects following discontinuation of AM2389 injections were mild but reproducible across different groups of mice. These results indicate that the discontinuation of daily treatment with a CB high‐efficacy agonist will yield evidence of spontaneous withdrawal that may reflect prior dependence, but that the degree of cannabinoid dependence may vary in relation to the dose or efficacy of the agonist injected daily.
Genome-wide functional analysis reveals key roles for kinesins in the mammalian and mosquito stages of the malaria parasite life cycle

Kinesins are microtubule-based motors important in cell division, motility, polarity, and intracellular transport in many eukaryotes. However, they are poorly studied in the divergent eukaryotic pathogens- Plasmodium spp. , the causative agents of malaria, which manifest atypical aspects of cell division and plasticity of morphology throughout the lifecycle in both mammalian and mosquito hosts. Here we describe a genome-wide screen of Plasmodium kinesins, revealing diverse subcellular locations and functions in spindle assembly, axoneme formation and cell morphology. Surprisingly, only kinesin-13 is essential for growth in the mammalian host while the other eight kinesins are required during the proliferative and invasive stages of parasite transmission through the mosquito vector. In-depth analyses of kinesin-13 and kinesin-20 revealed functions in microtubule dynamics during apical cell polarity formation, spindle assembly, and axoneme biogenesis. These findings help us to understand the importance of microtubule motors and may be exploited to discover new therapeutic interventions against malaria.
Polynomial symmetries of spherical Lissajous systems

In a previous work, both the constants of motion of a classical system and the symmetries of the corresponding quantum version have been computed with the help of factorizations. As their expressions were not polynomial, in this paper the question of finding an equivalent set of polynomial constants of motion and symmetries is addressed. The general algebraic relations as well as the appropriate Hermitian relations will also be f ound.
List matrix partitions of special graphs

Let M be a symmetric m ×m matrix with entries from the set {0, 1, ∗}. The M -partition problem asks whether the vertices of a given graph G can be partitioned into m parts V0, V1 · · ·Vm−1 such that any two distinct vertices in (possibly equal) parts Vi and Vj are adjacent if M(i, j) = 1, and non-adjacent if M(i, j) = 0. This problem generalizes k-coloring and H-coloring problems, as well as many other well-known graph problems. In its list version, which is called the list M -partition problem, a list is assigned to each vertex to restrict its placement into certain parts. An open problem, called the dichotomy problem, asks whether each (list) M -partition problem is polynomial or NP-complete. The difficulty of this problem led to the study of restrictions on the input graphs. A secondary goal was to identify the well-known graph classes for which all (list) M -partition problems are polynomial. Several graph classes including perfect graphs, chordal graphs, etc. have been studied so far. In this thesis we continue this line of research, focusing mainly on the list version. We identify certain graph classes defined in terms of geometric configurations, and we prove that for these classes all list M -partition problems are polynomial. These classes include such well-known classes as interval and circular arc graphs. We also consider other standard graphs classes including some generalizations of the aforementioned classes, line graphs and their extensions to quasi-line graphs and claw-free graphs, and some special cases of H-free graphs. For these classes we provide a positive answer to the dichotomy problem for certain kinds of matrices M .
Altered Distribution of Adrenergic Constrictor Responses Contributes to Skeletal Muscle Perfusion Abnormalities in Metabolic Syndrome

Although studies have suggested elevations in adrenergic traffic, signaling and vascular responses with development of metabolic syndrome in obese Zucker rats (OZR), the moderate hypertension and modest impact on organ blood flow in OZR questions the multi‐scale validity of these data. To better understand the role of adrenergic function in contributing to vascular reactivity in OZR, we utilized a multi‐scale approach to investigate pressure responses, skeletal muscle blood flow and vascular reactivity in OZR following adrenergic challenge. For OZR under in vivo conditions, adrenergic challenge resulted increased pressor responses vs. LZR that were mediated via α1 receptors, with minimal contribution by either ROS or NO bioavailability. In situ gastrocnemius muscle of OZR exhibited blunted hyperemic responses to elevated metabolic demand, partially restored with α1 inhibition, although improved muscle performance and VO2 required combined treatment with TEMPOL as well. Within in situ cremaster muscle, proximal resistance arterioles of OZR exhibited a more heterogeneous constrictor response to adrenergic challenge, biased toward hyperresponsiveness, as compared to that in LZR. This increasingly heterogeneous pattern was mirrored in ex vivo resistance arterioles as well, mediated via α1 receptors, with roles for ROS and NO bioavailability evident in hyperresponsive vessels only. These results support observations of the central role of the α1 adrenoreceptor for augmented pressor responses and elevations in vascular resistance, but identify an increased heterogeneity of constrictor reactivity with development of metabolic syndrome that is presently of unclear purpose.
C-independence and c-rank of posets and lattices

Continuing with the authors concept (and results) of defining independence for columns of a boolean and superboolean matrix, we apply this theory to finite lattices and finite posets, introducing boolean and superboolean matrix representations for these objects. These representations yield the new concept of c-independent subsets of lattices and posets, for which the notion of c-rank is determined as the cardinality of the largest c-independent subset. We characterize this c-rank and show that c-independent subsets have a very natural interpretation in term of the maximal chains of the Hasse diagram and the associated partitions of the lattice. This realization has direct important connections with chamber systems.
Thousands of human mutation clusters are explained by short-range template switching

Variation within human genomes is unevenly distributed, and variants show spatial clustering. DNA- replication-related template switching is a poorly known mutational mechanism capable of causing major chromosomal rearrangements as well as creating short inverted sequence copies that appear as local mutation clusters in sequence comparisons. I reanalyzed haplotype-resolved genome assemblies representing 25 human populations and multinucleotide variants aggregated from 140,000 human sequencing experiments. Local template switching could explain thousands of complex mutation clusters across the human genome, the loci segregating within and between populations. I developed computational tools for identification of template switch events using both short-read sequencing data and genotype data, and for genotyping candidate loci using short-read data. The characteristics of template-switch mutations complicate their detection and, worryingly, widely used analysis pipelines for short-read sequencing data, normally capable of identifying single nucleotide changes, were found to miss template-switch mutations of tens of base pairs, potentially invalidating medical genetic studies searching for a causative allele behind genetic diseases. Combined with the massive sequencing data now available for humans, the novel tools described here enable building catalogs of affected loci and studying the cellular mechanisms behind template switching in both healthy organisms and disease.
Sur une note de Mattuck-Tate.

1. Dans un travail recent [4], Mattuck et Täte deduisent Tinegalite fondamentale de A. Weil qui etablit Fhypothöse de Riemann pour les corps de fonctions [7] comme consequence facile du theoreme de Riemann-Roch pour les surfaces. En essayant de comprendre la portee exacte de leur methode, je suis tombe sur l'enonce suivant, connu en fait depuis 1937 [2] [6] [1] (comme me Pa signale J. P. Serre), mais apparemment peu connu et utiliso:
Role of Ecto‐5′–nucleotidase (CD73) in the Development of Renal Fibrosis

Adenosine has been shown to be involved in the progression of fibrotic remodeling in various organs including the kidney. In the present study, ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase (CD73)‐deficient mice were used to address the route of adenosine generation during the development of renal fibrosis.
The Ring System of Uranus: Flat as a Pancake, Sprinkled with Dust

We present a high quality image of the uranian ring system, obtained in July 2004 at 2.2 {micro}m with the adaptive optics camera NIRC2 on the Keck II telescope. Using these data, we report the first ground-based image of the ring 1986U2R, seen only once before by the Voyager spacecraft. We show that this ring extends inward to {approx} 7000 km above the Uranus cloud deck. Its VIF (total vertically integrated I/F) is {approx} 100 m. We further detected narrow sheets of dust in between the {delta} and {epsilon} rings, and in between rings 4 and {alpha}, with a VIF of 14 and 20 m, respectively. Surprisingly, we find that the particles in Uranus' 9 main rings are distributed within a mono-layer, rather than the usually adopted poly-layer model. We come to this conclusion via a comparison of the VIF as derived from our 2003 data at a ring opening angle B {approx} 18{sup o} (from Gibbard et al. 2004) with those derived in this paper at B {approx} 11{sup o}. We show that the VIF increases approximately as 1/sinB at the ring ansae, but is independent of sinB in front of the disk. This combination of factors can onlymore » be explained if the particles in Uranus' rings are distributed in a mono-layer, a configuration which makes the uranian system unique amongst the giant planets. « less
ROLLER-COASTER FAILURE RATES AND MEAN RESIDUAL LIFE FUNCTIONS WITH APPLICATION TO THE EXTENDED GENERALIZED INVERSE GAUSSIAN MODEL

The investigation in this article was motivated by an extended generalized inverse Gaussian (EGIG) distribution, which has more than one turning point of the failure rate for certain values of the parameters. In order to study the turning points of a failure rate, we appeal to Glaser's eta function, which is much simpler to handle. We present some general results for studying the reationship among the change points of Glaser's eta function, the failure rate, and the mean residual life function (MRLF). Additionally we establish an ordering among the number of change points of Glaser's eta function, the failure rate, and the MRLF. These results are used to investigate, in detail, the monotonicity of the three functions in the case of the EGIG. The EGIG model has one additional parameter, δ, than the generalized inverse Gaussian (GIG) model's three parameters; see Jorgensen [7]. It has been observed that the EGIG model fits certain datasets better than the GIG of Jorgensen [7]. Thus, the purpose of this article is to present some general results dealing with the relationship among the change points of the three functions described earlier. The EGIG model is used as an illustration.