Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Haustorial Development and Growth Benefit to Seedlings of the Root Hemiparasitic Tree Nuytsia floribunda(Labill.) R.Br. in Association with Various Hosts

Dry matter gains and haustorial production of pot-cultured seedlings of Nuytsia floribunda were assessed after a 12 month period of association singly with each of a range of potential woody host species. One species,Adenanthos cygnorum , of similar size to most parasitized hosts, served as measure of response of Nuytsia in a non-benefiting situation. Rated on this basis, all 23 parasitized hosts elicited greater mean dry weights of Nuytsia than when on Adenanthos, and seven of these instances were highly significant. Numbers and weights of penetrating and presumably functional haustoria formed on a host were broadly correlated with growth benefit to Nuytsia, but there were notable instances of unusually poor or great benefit from a host relative to the complement of haustoria involved. Experiments in which haustoria-bearing associations of Nuytsia partnered with nodulated Acacia hosts (Acacia acuminata and A. cyclops) were fed15N2showed significant transfer of15N to the parasite, but failed to determine whether the label had been acquired through haustoria or directly by Nuytsia roots following turnover of nodule and root residues of the host in the rooting medium. A parallel study using the unusual non-protein amino acid, djenkolic acid, as a marker of benefit from the djenkolic acid-containing host A. cyclops, showed appearance and progressive build-up of the compound in foliage of Nuytsia over a 6 month period after partnering the species in pot culture. Presence of the compound at final harvest in xylem sap of both partners but not in soil solution of the cultures strongly indicated xylem transfer via haustoria as the principal avenue for N benefit to the parasite. Results are discussed in relation to a recent evaluation of haustorial structure and functioning of N. floribunda.
Algunos aspectos biológicos y del manejo en cautiverio de la Sabaleta Brycon henni Eigenmann, 1913 (Pisces: Characidae)

La sabaleta Brycon henni (Eigenmann, 1913) es un Characido endemico de Colombia, habita en las cuencas de los rios Magdalena, San Juan, Dagua y Patia, es catalogada como una especie promisoria para la cria en cautiverio, y para el repoblamiento. Esta especie es importante para la seguridad alimentaria de las poblaciones riberenas de las zonas que habita. Esta revision tuvo como objetivo mostrar la informacion mas relevante acerca de la morfologia, la distribucion, los habitos alimenticios, la reproduccion, el mantenimiento en cautiverio, la citogenetica, la ecotoxicologia y la diversidad genetica de las poblaciones de la sabaleta; se evidencia la carencia de informacion en aspectos de su biologia y cultivo. Se sugieren topicos fundamentales para la creacion de un paquete tecnologico eficaz de cultivo y manejo pesquero de la especie.
Resistance artery function in diabetes and hyperglycaemia

Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and atherosclerosis, which account for the increased morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. There is considerable evidence that these complications are the result of vascular dysfunction, which is closely related to poor glycaemic control. This thesis studied the hypothesis that the vascular abnormalities in diabetes are the consequence of exposure to elevated blood glucose concentrations. To date the majority of studies of vascular function in diabetes have been performed using animal models. However, results from such studies have produced conflicting results and are difficult to relate to the human condition. Therefore, it would be advantageous if vascular function could be studied in vessels isolated from a human source. Due to the irregular and unpredictable nature of obtaining human vessels it was first necessary to develop protocols using animal vessels. Vessel structure was studied using a combination of histological and immunological techniques and this was complemented by functional studies using small vessel myography. Preliminary data demonstrated that storing vessels in a physiological salt solution at 4°C did not alter endothelial or vascular smooth muscle cell function and therefore human vessels could be stored for subsequent functional analysis in the knowledge that this does not adversely affect vascular function. Exposure of rat mesenteric resistance arteries to elevated glucose had no adverse effect on endothelium-dependent relaxation. However, a selective attenuation of endothelin-1 (ET-l)-induced contraction was demonstrated, perhaps indicating alterations in ET-1 receptors.
Chromosome Behaviour in Laccifer lacca (Kerr) Lacciferidae-Coccoidea

The diploid chromosome number of L. lacca is eighteen in both sexes.Males of L. lacca maintain, from an early embryonic stage, one hap. loid set of chromosomes in a condensed form and this heterochromatic set later on at second division develops a monopolar spindle and reaches the other pole of the spindle.Cytoplasmic division is suppressed and this results in the formation of binucleate spermatids which later fuse to form the quadrinucleate spermatids.The spermatid nuclei formed by the chromosomes of the heterochromatic set degenerate while those formed by the euchromatic set give rise to typical coccid sperms.
Healing the Wounds: Overcoming the Trauma of Layoffs and Revitalizing Downsized Organizations

THE SHATTERED COVENANT. Forgotten Survivors: What Happens to Those Who Are Left Behind. Changing Organizations and the End of Job Security. THE SURVIVOR EXPERIENCE. Learning from the Past: The Survivor Syndrome Across Time. Speaking for Themselves: Layoff Survivor Stories. Time Does Not Heal All Wounds: The Effects of Long-Term Survivor Sickness. INTERVENTIONS FOR HEALTHY SURVIVAL. A Four-Level Process for Handling Layoffs and Their Effects. Level One: Manage the Layoff Processes. Level Two: Facilitate the Necessary Grieving. Level Three: Break the Codependency Chain and Empower People. Level Four: Build a New Employment Relationship. THE GREAT WAKE-UP CALL. The Rebirth of Meaning and Direction: Leading the New Organization. Life After Downsizing: Revitalizing Ourselves and Our Organizations. Appendix A. The Survivor Groups. Appendix B. The Human Resource Study.
Composition and screening of antifungal activity against Cladosporium sphaerospermum and Cladosporium cladosporioides of essential oils of leaves and fruits of Piper species

This study investigated the composition and antifungal activity against Cladosporium sphaerospermum and Cladosporium cladosporioides of essential oils of leaves of Piper cernuum , Piper diospyrifolium , Piper crassinervium , Piper solmsianum and Piper umbelata and fruits of P. cernuum and P. diospyrifolium. The essentials oils were analyzed by GC-MS and submitted of the antifungal activity tests. The essential oils of fruits from P. cernuum and leaves of P. crassinerviu m and P. solmsianum showed potential antifungal activity agains t C. sphaerospermum and C. cladosporioides . In addition, this is the first report of the composition of essential oils of fruits of P. cernuum and P. diospyrifolium . Key words : Piperaceae, Piper; essential oil composition, antifungal activity, GC-MS.
Patterns and Mechanisms of Political Participation among People with Disabilities

Context: Previous research has shown that Americans with disabilities turn out to vote at significantly lower levels than people without disabilities, even after accounting for demographic and other situational factors related to political involvement. The authors examined the potential mechanisms underlying their low turnout. They asked whether people with disabilities exhibit participatory attitudes and behaviors at levels commensurate with their other individual-level
Morphology, Taxonomy, and Phylogeny of Triassic Pholidophorid Fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei)

ABSTRACT This study presents the first comprehensive revision of ‘pholidophoriform’ fishes, which are a key taxon for understanding the early diversification of teleost fish. Systematic revisions of Triassic pholidophorids, which are based on numerous well-preserved specimens, include †Annaichthys, gen. et sp. nov., †Knerichthys, gen. nov., †Parapholidophorus, †Pholidoctenus, †Pholidophoretes, †Pholidophorus, †Pholidorhynchodon, and †Zambellichthys, gen. et sp. nov. The morphological descriptions presented support a phylogenetic analysis that proposes a new hypothesis for character evolution within basal Teleostei, with implications for holosteans and teleosteans. The phylogenetic analysis resolves traditional ‘pholidophoriform’ species as a paraphyletic assemblage, with some grouped in a monophyletic †Pholidophoridae and others more closely related to crown-group teleosts. The monophyletic Family †Pholidophoridae is restricted to European Triassic taxa and is the sister group of the Jurassic genus †Eurycormus plus all other teleosts. The latter clade is supported by several synapomorphies, such as an elongate posteroventral process of the quadrate, long epineural processes, and seven or more ural neural arches modified as uroneurals. †Pholidophorus bechei is removed from †Pholidophoridae and recognized as the new genus †Dorsetichthys. Current evidence indicates that the Upper Triassic †Pholidophoretes salvus and †Knerichthys bronni represent the oldest known pholidophorids, and †Prohalecites from the Middle/Upper Triassic boundary represents the oldest stem teleost. Aspidorhynchiforms, pachycormiforms, and †Prohalecites are resolved as stem teleosts. The monophyly of Teleostei, which now includes Triassic pholidophorids, is supported by numerous synapomorphies, such as one suborbital, two supramaxillae, and the articular fused to the angular and retroarticular bones—with further transformations within more advanced teleosts. Synapomorphies of Teleosteomorpha, the clade including crown-group teleosts and all fish more closely related to them than to their closest extant relatives, include the autosphenotic lacking a dermal component, an unpaired vomer, and one long, toothed, serrated appendage on the cleithrum.
Marine Turtles in the Turks and Caicos Islands: Remnant Rookeries, Regionally Significant Foraging Stocks, and a Major Turtle Fishery

Abstract This study reviews the status of marine turtles in the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI) using data gathered during a multidisciplinary study involving field surveys, questionnaire-based interviews, and molecular genetics between 2002 and 2006. Large aggregations of foraging turtles in the archipelago's waters are dominated by juvenile green (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata), with provisional mixed-stock analysis of these species suggesting that the aggregations originate predominantly from larger and relatively proximate source rookeries in the Wider Caribbean region. This study also suggests that the islands host remnant nesting populations of turtles, with hawksbill turtle nests recorded more frequently than green and loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nests. The TCI islanders retain a culture of turtle use, with the current regulated and legitimate harvest likely to be one of the largest among the Caribbean Islands. This study suggests that historic and current harvest of turtles and their eggs in the TCI may have contributed to the apparent decline in the country's nesting populations. In order to address this conservation concern, changes to the regulation and management of the TCI's turtle fishery are necessary, but further research is needed to inform these changes.
How to Undertake Aging in a Healthy Way: Changes and Opportunities

Objective: To know the socio-demographic characteristics of the elderly adults (60-70 years), of the population of Mataró (Barcelona), and their relationship with the knowledge degree and training needs perceived to face a healthy aging. Materials and methods: Descriptive observational cross-sectional study in which a sample of 306 people was analysed. Socio-demographic data and variables related to leisure activities, health status, training, formative needs and predisposition to take a course on aging were evaluated. Results: About a 60 % of the respondents showed interest in receiving training about; healthy habits (59,1 %), proper diet (62,0 %), work out (59,6 %), future limitations (62,6 %), why we grow old (61,0 %), frequent illnesses in the elderly (62,5 %), use of medication (66,1 %), use of the health system (61,9 %), social resources (70,0 %), new technologies (64,0 %), care of sick people (60,5 %), and security aspects (61,6 %). Conclusions: There is a need to receive training among the elderly adult population in order to cope with aging in a healthier way. The main needs perceived by the elderly are: Healthy habits, possible future limitations due to the aging process, use of medication, functioning of the health system and access to social resources, new technologies and, finally, caring for sick relatives.
Differentiation and Range Expansion of North American Squash Bee, Peponapis Pruinosa (Apidae: Apiformes) Populations Assessed by Geometric Wing Morphometry

ABSTRACT We studied the differentiation of North American squash bee (Apidae: Apiformes) populations by using geometric wing morphometry to evaluate hypotheses for the origin and possible expansion route of bees after the dispersal of their Cucurbita floral hosts. Two hypotheses consider the possible impact of early human cultures on the distribution of this mutualistic species complex: 1) the geographic range of the bees naturally expanded after the hypsithermal range expansion of the wild buffalo gourd, Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth; or 2) the bees shifted to mesophytic gourds of the C. pepo group at the Mexican Gulf coast and tracked the cultivation and/or trade by early human hunter-gatherer societies in the context of fishing technology along stream valleys to northeastern America. We morphometrically measured 228 specimens of Peponapis pruinosa (Say) collected at 15 sites between Mississippi and Ontario, Canada. Twenty-three landmarks were taken from the right forewings. The resulting measurements were analyzed by multivariate statistics. Our results support the first hypothesis of a western origin of North American squash bee populations and a mainly natural range expansion during the hypsithermal range expansion of the buffalo gourd.
Survival of osseointegrated dental implants in smokers and non-smokers

Sunival of Osseointearated Dental Im~lants in Smoker~ and Non-Smokers. Master of Science. 2000. Effiat Habsha Gradua te De-partment of Dentistty I lniversitv of Toronto. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the survival of Branemark endosseous dental implants in relation to cigarette smoking. The sample size consisted of 464 consecutively treated cornpletely and partially edentulous patients who had 1852 implants placed between 1979 to 1999. The effect of cigarette smoking on implant survival in relation to the time of implant failure, gender, age, implant surgeon, date of implant placement, length of implant, implant diameter, site of implant placement, design of the prosthesis and occlusal loading considerations was assessed in bivariate and multivariate survival analyses. An overall implant failure rate of 143 implants (7.72%) was found. Patients who were smokers at the time of implant placement surgery had a significantly higher implant failure rate (23.08%) as compared to non-smokers (13.33%) when the data were assessed on a patient basis. Furthemore, a multivariate survival analysis showed that early implant failure is significantly associated with smoking at the time of stage one surgev, implant length and site of implant placement and late implant failure is significantly associated with a positive smoking history of 25 cigarette years, implant length and site of implant placement. This study indicated that cigarette smoking has a negative effect on implant survival even after accounting for potential confounding variables. Other risk factors for implant failures exist and must be identified when considering the causes of dental implant failure.
Investigation of the relationship between the cranial collector and the incidence of lymphedema in patients with breast cancer after adjuvant treatments

Background: The cranial collector (CC) is known as a direct drainage lymphatic duct from the extremities to the axilla and running near the axillary vein. It might be helpful in avoiding incidence of lymphedema (LE) in patients with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). However, it is not clear how the CC may influence for the incidence of LE after ALND and adjuvant treatments. Methods: A study was performed from December 2009 to April 2018 in 217 patients with breast cancer who underwent ALND with axillary reverse mapping (ARM). The ARM was performed by fluorescence imaging following the injection of indocyanine green into the ipsilateral arm. In 208 of the 217 patients, we investigated the relationship between the CC status identified by ARM and the incidence of LE in patients administered adjuvant treatments. Results: We identified the CC in the axilla of 81 of the 208 patients. The CC-negative patients had a significantly greater incidence of LE than that in CC-positive patients (P=0.0007, hazard ratio: 2.54). Among 127 CC-negative patients, younger age and adjuvant chemotherapy (mostly anthracycline and/or taxanes) were significant risk factors for LE. In contrast, radiation, especially that with supraclavicular radiation (SCRT) was a significant risk factor for LE in CC-positive patients. Conclusions: The CC status of patients undergoing ALND might affect the incidence of LE after the adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation.
Structured and evidence-based training of technical skills in respiratory medicine and thoracic surgery

Within the last decade, the number of technical procedures in respiratory medicine and thoracic surgery has grown and created a higher demand for effective and evidence-based education. Today, trainees are often allowed to perform procedures unsupervised on patients after obtaining a course certificate from a theoretic course and having performed a fixed number of supervised procedures. However, these methods do not ensure adequate competence. Well-structured and effective educational programmes including validated tests are needed to reduce economic expenses, optimize time spend, and ensure patient safety. The aim of this article is to summarize current state of educational strategies for technical procedures within respiratory medicine and thoracic surgery. Thus, to discuss future recommendations for curriculum development and assessment of competences based on Kern’s framework. The approach by Kern consists of six topics, which needs to be considered and evaluated and in order to educate physicians and surgeons most effective and evidence-based. We present a practical guide contributing to future educators’ considerations on (I) problem identification and general needs assessment, (II) targeted needs assessment, (III) goals and objectives, (IV) educational strategies, (V) implementation, and finally (VI) evaluation and feedback.
Short-term changes in free radical scavengers and chloroplast pigments in Pinus canariensis needles as affected by mild drought stress

Summary Potted Pinus canariensis seedlings were subjected to mild drought by withholding irrigation for one week. This treatment induced a reduction in maximum stomatal conductance (50 mmol m −2 s −1 ) compared to irrigated controls (130 mmol m −2 s −1 ). Needle water potentials of non-irrigated trees were maintained at control level (-0.44 MPa). Such a mild drought is a potential oxidative stressor due to the production of active oxygen species (AOS) in illuminated chloroplasts which lack CO 2 due to stomatal closure. Photoprotective pigments (e.g. the xanthophyll cycle) may avoid this situation through light energy dissipation, and antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, tocopherols, and glutathione, may detoxify AOS. Concentrations of ascorbate, glutathione, chlorophyll, and the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids were minimal in the evening (under low light) compared to light-saturated conditions. α-Carotene was highest in the evening. These short-term changes were not affected by drought. The xanthophyll cycle pool tended to be more de-epoxidized in strongly illuminated needles of non-irrigated trees at the beginning of the experiment, but this effect was transient. The glutathione pool was more oxidized in needles of non-irrigated trees (up to 20 percnt; of total vs. 10 percnt; at control) after the xanthophyll changes took place, whereas the redox state of ascorbate remained stable.
Potential predictors of adoption of the Tobacco Heating System by U.S. adult smokers: An actual use study

Background: This was a pre-market, observational, actual use study with the Tobacco Heating System (THS), a candidate modified risk tobacco product. The main goal of the study was to describe THS adoption within current adult daily smokers by replicating the usage of THS in real-world conditions with participants being able to consume cigarettes, THS, and any other nicotine-containing products (e.g., e-cigarettes, cigars, etc.) ad libitum. Methods: This study assessed self-reported stick-by-stick consumption of THS compared with the use of commercial cigarettes over six weeks. The aim of the analysis was to identify potential predictors for adoption of THS using stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results: By the end of the observational period (in Week 6), 14.6% of participants (n=965) had adopted THS meaning that THS formed 70% or more of their total tobacco consumption. The main predictors of adoption were the liking of the smell, taste, aftertaste, and ease of use of THS. The proportion of adoption was higher in participants aged 44 years and older and in Hispanic or Latino adult smokers. Additionally, adoption of THS was more likely in participants who had never attempted to quit smoking and in participants who smoked up to 10 cigarettes per day. Finally, the adoption of THS was higher in participants who consumed both regular and menthol THS compared with those who consumed only one THS variant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the introduction of THS in the U.S. has the potential to result in adoption by current adult smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke cigarettes, and that the adoption of THS is unlikely to result in an increase of tobacco consumption. Post-marketing studies will provide further insights on THS adoption and THS use patterns to allow assessment of the impact of the THS at the individual and the overall population level.
Adrenal Insufficiency among Older People: An Insight from Qatar

Adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison’s disease, can occur due to both primary and secondary means [1-3]. In primary adrenal insufficiency, the damage to the adrenal glands results in the inadequate production of adrenocortical hormones [1,4-7]. In secondary adrenal insufficiency, the pituitary gland diseases decrease the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone which signals the adrenal cortex to begin hormonal production [8-10]. The symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, whether primary or secondary, include fatigue, weight loss, reduced appetite, hyperpigmentation, hypoglycemia, salt cravings, nausea, muscle and joint pain, depression and irritability; if untreated, adrenal insufficiency leads to death [1-14].