Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Gamification towards Year 5 Students’ Achievement in Number Sense, Attitude and Motivation in Learning Mathematics

Mastering number sense is essential. However, teachers need more resources to help them teach number sense to their students. For these reasons, the objective of this study is to investigate whether gamification teaching and learning can improve the number sense performance, motivation, and attitude of students. The topic of Number Sense was investigated using a quasi-experimental research design among Mathematics year 5, with one intervention group and one control group. A pre-test was given before the treatment sessions and post-test was given after a total of eight treatment sessions to both groups where the intervention group received gamification in number sense learning. Based on the analysis of the test results, it appears that the performance of the intervention group significantly improved after receiving the treatment. After the post-test, a survey was given to both intervention and control group to investigate the attitudes and motivations of the participants in learning mathematics. After the treatment session, the intervention group's attitude and motivation differed significantly from those of the control group. It can be concluded that the use of gamification in teaching and learning can enhance students' number sense and their attitude and motivation toward learning mathematics.
Mineralogical and geochemical evidence of weathering in a middle to late Pleistocene paleosol sequence in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin

Abstract Paleosols occur in the Driftless Area of southwestern Wisconsin because this area escaped direct Pleistocene glaciation, allowing long-term loess and colluvium accumulation in selected settings. The most complete known depositional sequence at Oil City, Wisconsin, contains eight lithologic units with five paleosols, all with normal remanent magnetism (i.e., <780 ka). Previous work characterized the stratigraphy, pedology, micromorphology, and clay mineralogy of the section. We investigate chemical weathering of the 8–63 µm silt fraction using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and elemental geochemistry by portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF). Elemental ratios TiO2/CaO, Zr/Sr, and Rb/Sr generally align with the pedological evidence of weathering. Mineral ratios plagioclase/quartz and K-feldspar/quartz display greater scatter and less certainty in interpretation. The paleosols with Bt horizons have ratios indicating greater weathering than the modern soil. The most weathered paleosol is formed in the unnamed fourth loess unit stratigraphically below the Loveland Member. The stratigraphic position and higher degree of weathering support correlation of the fourth loess with the Yarmouth Geosol and Crowley’s Ridge Silt of the Middle Mississippi valley. Geochemical indices by pXRF are more consistent with established lithologic breaks than mineralogy by XRD. Our results support the use of pXRF for stratigraphic and weathering studies of Quaternary sediments.
A Study on the Results of Risk Analyses Applying the Concept of Rock Mass Stand-Up Time for Underground Mining Sites

Throughout all the countries in the world, including Vietnam, nations with well-established mining industries have undertaken extensive research on the stability of rock masses when constructing underground tunnels in varied geological conditions. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the risk assessment related to rock masses during the construction of pit lines in mining operations. Consequently, the standing time of unsupported tunnels is assessed based on different values of the strength index and deformation characteristics of the rock mass. The objective was to perform both experimental and theoretical investigations to analyse how the stand-up time of rock masses surrounding a tunnel affects the unsupported span. The analyses were based on considering the rock parameters, including strain modulus; geological strength index; and allowable displacement values, and consideration of hereditary creep properties. By examining tunnels excavated in rock strata, it was concluded that varying geological strength index values resulted in distinct creep behaviour in the surrounding rock masses. Thus, it was reasonable to compute the unsupported span and stand-up time of tunnels. The research revealed that permissible displacements are significantly influenced by the types of rock materials surrounding the tunnel structure. Recognising the significance of time, the authors introduce a more practical interpretation and evaluation of the stability of rock masses, thus enhancing the precision of commonly available models.
La chasse aux trophées : conséquences comportementales, démographiques, et évolutives chez les populations d'ongulés : l’exemple des ongulés des savanes africaines

La chasse aux trophees peut contraindre les ongules a ajuster leur comportement pourreduire le risque de mortalite. De plus, comme cette chasse est basee sur des criteres detaille, et biaisee en faveur des mâles, elle peut causer des changements morphologiquesvers des individus plus petits, et alterer la structure et la dynamique des populations. Lachasse aux trophees est l’un des modes de conservation des habitats naturels. Son potentielde conservation est encore incertain parce qu’il y a peu d’etudes en dehors des parcsnationaux, notamment en Afrique. Cette these examine les effets de cette chasse sur lesongules africains, i.e. sur leur comportement, la longueur des cornes, la proportion de mâlesadultes, la taille de groupe, et la densite des populations. J’ai travaille a partird’observations comportementales et de donnees populationnelles de suivis a long terme.Pour plusieurs especes (surtout l’impala Aepyceros melampus, le grand koudouTragelaphus strepsiceros, et l’hippotrague noir Hippotragus niger), j’ai compare lecomportement, la structure et la densite des populations entre le Parc National de Hwangeet les zones de chasse adjacentes, Zimbabwe. Dans les zones de chasse, j’ai analyse lestendances de longueur des cornes au cours des 30 dernieres annees. Les ongules venaientdavantage de nuit aux points d’eau, et etaient plus vigilants dans les zones de chasse quedans le parc national. L’amplitude de ces ajustements en revanche, etait limitee par lebesoin en eau, et par le risque de predation naturelle. La longueur des cornes a decline, plusparticulierement pour les especes prisees des chasseurs et subissant une pression de chasseelevee. Il n’y avait pas de difference significative de la proportion de mâles adultes, ou dela taille de groupe, entre les populations du parc national et des zones de chasse. Au coursdes 30 dernieres annees, les densites de population ont globalement davantage diminuedans le parc national que dans les zones de chasse. Ceci suggere que la chasse aux tropheesn’a eu qu’un effet minime sur les densites de population par rapport a d’autres facteurscomme les precipitations, ou possiblement la predation naturelle et l’elephant. Malgre lesajustements comportementaux, le declin de la longueur des cornes, et le prelevement biaiseen faveur des mâles adultes, les densites d’ongules etaient aussi elevees dans les zones dechasse que dans le Parc National de Hwange. Cette etude illustre comment les zones dechasse aux trophees, lorsque rigoureusement gerees, peuvent jouer un role dans laconservation des ongules africains.
Administration of pickled olive fruits treated with acid black nigrosine dye induced hepato-renal dysfunction in mice

Olive fruits ( Olea europaea L) have several health and nutritional benefits due to their high contents of antioxidant compounds. This study evaluated the hepato-renal toxic effects of pickled olive fruits that were treated with acid black nigrosine dye (ABND) in mice. Twenty male Swiss albino mice (CD-1 ) were used to determine the median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of ABND. Then other forty male mice were equally divided into 4 groups (N = 10) as follows: Group 1 (Gp1) was served as a control group. Gp2 was administered orally with a normal olive fruits extract (NOFE) as 150 mg/kg b.wt. Gp3 was administered with pickled olive fruits extract treated with KOH and ABND (POFE/B/KOH/ABND) as 150 mg/kg b.wt. The last group (Gp4) was administered with ABND alone as 60 mg/kg b.wt. The treatment of all the experimental groups was daily for 2 consecutive months. At the end of the experiment, percentages of body weight (% b.wt.) changes were calculated. Blood and sera samples were collected for determination the hematological and biochemical parameters Liver and kidney tissues were collected for histopathological investigations. The results showed that the group of mice that were treated with POFE/B/KOH/ABND showed significant hepato-renal dysfunctions as evidenced by altering the some of hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters.
Clinical evaluation in adult human revealed the biosimilarity of recombinant Erythropoietin GBPD002 with Eprex®

The biosimilarity for erythropoietin (EPO) functionality of GBPD002 (test candidate) and Eprex ® (comparator) has been evaluated by comparing the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties following subcutaneous injection. This was a randomized, double-blinded, two-sequence, crossover clinical trial. Subjects were randomly assigned and received a dose (4,000 IU) of either the test or comparator EPO, and received the alternative formulations after 4-weeks of washout period. The PK parameters, viz . , maximum observed concentration (C max ) and area under the curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC 0-inf ), were calculated with the serum EPO concentrations from blood samples and were found comparable for both formulations. The geometric mean ratios (at 90% CI) of the C max and AUC inf were 0.89 and 1.16, respectively, which were within the regulatory range of 0.80 – 1.25. The time-matched serum EPO concentrations and PD markers (reticulocyte, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell) denoted a counter-clockwise hysteresis, suggesting a time delay between the observed concentration and the response. ANOVA-derived p-value (>0.05) for the effectors clearly revealed the similarity between effects on PD markers for the test and comparator drugs. Both formulations were found tolerated well, and anti-drug antibodies were not observed. Thus, the two formulations are projected to be used interchangeably in clinical settings.
Comparative Study of Eclipse and RayStation Multi-Criteria Optimization-Based Prostate Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Quality

Multi-criteria optimization (MCO) function has been available on commercial radiotherapy (RT) treatment planning systems to improve plan quality; however, no study has compared Eclipse and RayStation MCO functions for prostate RT planning. The purpose of this study was to compare prostate RT MCO plan qualities in terms of discrepancies between Pareto optimal and final deliverable plans, and dosimetric impact of final deliverable plans. In total, 25 computed tomography datasets of prostate cancer patients were used for Eclipse (version 16.1) and RayStation (version 12A) MCO-based plannings with doses received by 98% of planning target volume having 76 Gy prescription (PTV76 D98%) and 50% of rectum (rectum D50%) selected as trade-off criteria. Pareto optimal and final deliverable plan discrepancies were determined based on PTV76 D98% and rectum D50% percentage differences. Their final deliverable plans were compared in terms of doses received by PTV76 and other structures including rectum, and PTV76 homogeneity index (HI) and conformity index (CI), using a t-test. Both systems showed discrepancies between Pareto optimal and final deliverable plans (Eclipse: −0.89% (PTV76 D98%) and −2.49% (Rectum D50%); RayStation: 3.56% (PTV76 D98%) and −1.96% (Rectum D50%)). Statistically significantly different average values of PTV76 D98%, HI and CI, and mean dose received by rectum (Eclipse: 76.07 Gy, 0.06, 1.05 and 39.36 Gy; RayStation: 70.43 Gy, 0.11, 0.87 and 51.65 Gy) are noted, respectively (p < 0.001). Eclipse MCO-based prostate RT plan quality appears better than that of RayStation.
The geography of Brexit – What geography? Modelling and predicting the outcome across 380 local authorities

Most of the analysis before the 2016 referendum on the UK’s continued membership of the European Union based on opinion polling data focused on which groups were more likely to support each of the two options, with less attention to the geography of that support – although some regions, especially London and Scotland, were expected to provide substantial support for Remain. Using a recently developed procedure for detailed exploration of large tables derived from survey data, this paper presents the result of a prediction of the outcome across local authorities in Great Britain using just two variables – age and qualifications. In relative terms, that prediction was reasonably accurate – although, reflecting the polls’ overestimate of support for Remain it underestimated the number of places where Leave gained a majority, as was also the case within local authorities where data were published by ward. The model’s predictive value was enhanced by post hoc incorporation of information on turnout and the number of registered electors, and taking these into account there was little evidence of substantial, additional regional variation in levels of support for Leave. Overall, regions were relatively unimportant as influences on the referendum outcome once the characteristics of the people living there were taken into account.
Entrepreneurial Intent in Commuter-school Students

This paper reports the results of a mixed-methods study of the factors leading students at a large public Hispanic-serving university, with a student body comprising primarily commuters, to choose an entrepreneurially oriented engineering major and to choose to pursue a startup. The study interviewed 36 lower-division engineering students, of whom 11 were enrolled in an engineering major with a significant emphasis on entrepreneurship and 25 were enrolled in other engineering majors. Structured interviews of covered the participants’ family background, their motivations for enrolling in their major, their expectations with respect to career (including startups), their attitudes toward risk, and reflection on the interview. In the course of the interviews, participants were asked to rate their risk tolerance and their interest in pursuing a startup. Analysis of the interviews suggests that the principal indicator of entrepreneurial intent was interest in a startup, that most students’ perceptions of the desirability of startups are negative, and that students see lack of knowledge and preparation and lack of resources as the biggest barriers to launching a startup. The analysis also suggests that students are held back by lack of confidence, fear of failure, and the perception that startups require too much time and effort. These factors can be addressed through a suite of programs and policies.
Advancing atmospheric river forecasts into subseasonal‐to‐seasonal time scales

Atmospheric rivers are elongated plumes of intense moisture transport that are capable of producing extreme and impactful weather. Along the West Coast of North America, they occasionally cause considerable mayhem—delivering flooding rains during periods of heightened activity and desiccating droughts during periods of reduced activity. The intrinsic chaos of the atmosphere makes the prediction of atmospheric rivers at subseasonal‐to‐seasonal time scales (3 to 5 weeks) an inherently difficult task. We demonstrate here that the potential exists to advance forecast lead times of atmospheric rivers into subseasonal‐to‐seasonal time scales through knowledge of two of the atmosphere's most prominent oscillations, the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) and the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO). Strong MJO and QBO activity modulates the frequency at which atmospheric rivers strike—offering an opportunity to improve subseasonal‐to‐seasonal forecast models and thereby skillfully predict atmospheric river activity up to 5 weeks in advance.
Knowledge of Lifestyle Modification Practices as a First-Line Therapy among Clients with Cardiovascular Diseases in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Knowledge of a healthy way of life remains one of the cornerstones for the management of cardiovascular diseases at all levels of the disease course in order to reduce out-of-pocket expenses and minimize complications for overall quality of life. This study assessed the knowledge of respondents with cardiac conditions in a tertiary health care centre using a quasi-experimental design. An adapted WHO-STEP wise approach to the non-communicable disease risk factor questionnaire was used to elicit information from participants in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive tools and results were presented in tables depicting frequencies, mean, and percentages. Findings show that 56.7% of the participants were females, 43.3% were males, and their overall mean age was 43 years ±6. Similarly, 60% were married, 30% were single, 76.7% had up to secondary education and 43.3% were artisans. The proportion of cardiac diagnoses among the participants was; hypertension (46.7%), heart failure (20%), cardiomyopathy (13.3%), atherosclerosis (10%), and hyperlipidemia (6.7%) while other diagnoses such as atria-fibrillation and heart block were just 3.3%. Knowledge of cardiac conditions and lifestyle modification was poor prior intervention (x ̅= 1.63) and ((x) ̅= 1.38) but significantly improved post- intervention (x ̅= 2.87) and (x ̅= 2.82) respectively. The study concluded that many clients were not having adequate knowledge needed to manage their health conditions effectively as a first-line therapy hence, it was recommended that adequate health information and counselling should be provided to clients at first contact to enhance efficiency of other therapies. Keywords: Cardiac Clients, Cardiovascular Diseases, Knowledge, Lifestyle Modification, Therapy
Effects of physical activity in adults with severe obesity: a systematic review

The primary objective of this research was to identify effective modes of physical exercise to optimize the quality of life and health ofindividuals affected by severe obesity. To conduct this systematic review, the PubMed, Web of Science, and Dimensions databases were consulted. The inclusion criteria encompassed original articles publicly available, written in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, addressing exercise protocols targeted at individuals with severe obesity, aged between 18 and 65 years, and with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 40 kg/m2. The methodological quality of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was individually assessed by reviewers based on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Anthropometric measurements, functional capacity, parameters of physical fitness, and quality of life were employed as performance indicators in the results. A notable heterogeneity was observed in the protocols adopted, encompassing variation in the number of sessions, intervention duration, outcome criteria, and sample size, among other factors. The results indicated that intervention programs for severe obesity, regardless of the training modality, demonstrated effectiveness in reducing various anthropometric parameters and improving biochemical variables. Additionally, these programs encouraged the adoption of a healthier lifestyle by individuals affected by severe obesity. Keywords: Severe obesity; Activities Physical; Exercise; Multiprofessional treatment; Lifestyle; Sedentary Behavior.
Enrichment of iron ores by folding in the BIF‐hosted deposit: A case study from the Archean Qian'an iron deposit, North China Craton

As part of the Archean greenstone belt, the Qian'an iron deposit is a typical banded iron formation (BIF)‐hosted iron deposit in the North China Craton. The BIF iron orebodies, together with Archean host rocks, have experienced multiphase metamorphism and plastic deformation. Folds, especially large‐scale synclines, played the most important role in the enrichment and preservation of the Qian'an BIF iron deposit. Exploration and mining reveal that orebodies in the deposit are located in the cores of folds. Structural analysis of the BIF ores suggests that rocks and minerals show obvious plasticity and tend to form types II and III folds of the Ramsay fold classification in the early stage of high temperature deformations (granulite facies), whereas type Ib parallel folds and sometimes type Ic folds are widely developed in the late stage of relatively low temperature deformations (e.g., amphibolite facies). Hand specimens of different types of folded iron ores are investigated with respect to their thickening coefficients, dimensional fabrics and lattice‐preferred orientation fabrics, to find out the characteristics and variation of folded layers, and the importance of iron enrichment during formation of different types of folds. Our studies prove that folding in Qian'an ore deposit occurred under different deformation conditions and thus led to various degrees of enrichment of magnetite. Among them, the type III folds have the most important significance to the enrichment of magnetite. Thickening coefficient analysis shows that the thicknesses of the quartz layers remain relatively constant, and those of the magnetite layers vary evidently during folding. It is concluded that the quartz‐rich layers dominate the deformation as competent layers, and magnetite‐rich layers as relatively weak and passive layers. In addition, the EBSD (Electron Back‐Scattered Diffraction) technique is applied to analyze the dimensional and crystallographic fabrics of both quartz and magnetite grains in folded BIF ores. The quartz <0001> and magnetite <001> fabrics of samples from the cores and limbs of the different types of folds show complex orientation patterns related to plastic deformation superposition. It is shown that the EBSD analysis is a very effective technique analyzing dimensional and crystallographic fabrics of deformed iron ores.
Neotectonic Deformation in Central Eurasia: A Geodynamic Model Approach

Central Eurasia hosts wide orogenic belts of collision between India and Arabia with Eurasia, with diffuse or localized deformation occurring up to hundreds of kilometers from the primary plate boundaries. Although numerous studies have investigated the neotectonic deformation in central Eurasia, most of them have focused on limited segments of the orogenic systems. Here we explore the neotectonic deformation of all of central Eurasia, including both collision zones and the links between them. We use a thin‐spherical sheet approach in which lithosphere strength is calculated from lithosphere structure and its thermal regime. We investigate the contributions of variations in lithospheric structure, rheology, boundary conditions, and fault friction coefficients on the predicted velocity and stress fields. Results (deformation pattern, surface velocities, tectonic stresses, and slip rates on faults) are constrained by independent observations of tectonic regime, GPS, and stress data. Our model predictions reproduce the counterclockwise rotation of Arabia and Iran, the westward escape of Anatolia, and the eastward extrusion of the northern Tibetan Plateau. To simulate the observed extensional faults in the Tibetan Plateau, a weaker lithosphere is required, provided by a change in the rheological parameters. The southward movement of the SE Tibetan Plateau can be explained by the combined effects of the Sumatra trench retreat, a thinner lithospheric mantle, and strik‐slip faults in the region. This study offers a comprehensive model for regions with little or no data coverage, like the Arabia‐India intercollision zone, where the surface velocity is northward showing no deflection related to Arabia and India indentations.