Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isotopic Evolution of River Water in the Northern Chile Region

Two main northern Chilean rivers, the Loa and Tarapaca, were investigated regarding their isotopic characteristics. Groundwater associated with various recharge zones, and the input of tributaries along their courses, mainly control their (180, 2H) isotopic composition of the rivers. In the Loa river, carbon isotopic exchange between dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and atmospheric COplays a minor role in the inorganic carbon cycle of the Loa river. The carbon isotopic composition (4 C, 13 C) of this river is probably controlled by carbon source associated with volcanic and geothermal activities and by the deposition of travertines. For the Tarapaca river the carbon isotope content of the DIC reflects the input of recirculated water from irrigated areas along the river course and carbon isotopic exchange. These findings imply that the input of volcanic and/or geothermal CO2 into the DIC pool has to be evaluated in order to use carbon isotopes as a dating tool for groundwater in the Loa basin and that modern conditions are not analogous to the paleohydrology of the Tarapaca river.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the decrease in the use of intensive care units in the postoperative period of anatomic lung resections. A retrospective analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: COVID-19 pandemic required optimization of hospital institutional flow, especially regarding the use of intensive care unit (ICU) beds. The aim of this study was to assess whether the individualization of the indication for postoperative recovery from pulmonary surgery in ICU beds was associated with more perioperative complications. Method: retrospective analysis of medical records of patients undergoing anatomic lung resections for cancer in a tertiary hospital. The sample was divided into: Group-I, composed of surgeries performed between March/2019 and February/2020, pre-pandemic, and Group-II, composed of surgeries performed between March/2020 and February/2021, pandemic period in Brazil. We analyzed demographic data, surgical risks, surgeries performed, postoperative complications, length of stay in the ICU and hospital stay. Preventive measures of COVID-19 were adopted in group-II. Results: 43 patients were included, 20 in group-I and 23 in group-II. The groups did not show statistical differences regarding baseline demographic variables. In group-I, 80% of the patients underwent a postoperative period in the ICU, compared to 21% in group-II. There was a significant difference when comparing the average length of stay in an ICU bed (46 hours in group-I versus 14 hours in group-II - p<0.001). There was no statistical difference regarding postoperative complications (p=0.44). Conclusions: the individualization of the need for ICU use in the immediate postoperative period resulted in an improvement in the institutional care flow during the COVID-19 pandemic, in a safe way, without an increase in surgical morbidity and mortality, favoring the maintenance of essential cancer treatment.
Sediment Particulate Motions Over a Ripple Under Different Wave Amplitude Conditions

부유 퇴적물의 입자 운동에 대한 수치실험이 굴곡이 있는 해저면 위에서 수행되었다. 해저면 경계층의 난류 유속장은 LES 난류모델을 사용하여 구현하였고, 난류 흐름 속에서의 퇴적물 입자운동은 Lagrangian 입자추적 모델을 사용하여 구현하였다. 수치실험을 통하여 두개의 다른 유속조건을 사용하였는데, 파랑주기를 비롯한 다른 모든 조건은 동일하게 유지한 가운데 오직 최대 유속만 다르게 하여 실험을 수행하였다. 예상한 것과 같이 부유되는 퇴적물 입자의 양은 유속이 강할 수록 증가하였다. 그러나 예상하지 못한 결과도 관측되었는데 그것은 비록 최대유속외에 다른 모든 조건은 동일하더라도 퇴적물이 부유되는 양상은 다르게 나타날 수 있다는 것이다. 특히 퇴적물이 부유하게 되는 시간이 위상평균한 파장 주기안에서 서로 다르게 나타나는 것이 발견되었는데, 이는 해저면 굴곡 주위에서 유속에 의해 생성되는 난류 와동의 생성시간이 다르기 때문에 일어나는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이전의 연구에서도 알려진 바와 같이 이런 난류 와동들이 퇴적물의 부유현상에 미치는 영향은 지대한 것으로 확인되었으며, 또한 이런 와동들의 생성시간은 유속의 크기에 따라 달라 질 수 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이로인해 해저면 굴곡 위에서 퇴적물의 부유현상을 보다 정확하게 규명하기 위해서는 파랑의 여러가지 복잡한 변수들을 고려하여야 함이 이번 실험을 통하여 입증되었다. 또한 퇴적물 입자의 부유에 영향을 미치는 난류 에너지분포 역시 생성된 난류 와동에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이번 연구를 통하여 유속의 세기변화 만으로도 퇴적물이 부유되는 시간이 굴곡이 있는 해저면에서 바뀔 수 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이는 향후 퇴적물 부유에 대한 연구를 할때 해저면 구조와 유속구조의 상관관계를 보다 신중히 검토해야 함이 밝혀졌다.
Pleistocene sandur deposits represent braidplains, not alluvial fans

Weichselian sandar in NE Poland show characteristics that are inconsistent with the commonly accepted alluvial‐fan‐like model for outwash deposition and sandur formation. Analysis of the lithofacies and their vertical and lateral transitions indicates that the Polish sandar developed as braidplains, not as alluvial fans. Analysis of the geomorphic conditions under which modern sandar form, indicates that these conditions (which are characterized by deposition in a narrow belt between ice‐covered mountain ranges and the sea) cannot be considered representative of those that prevailed in the geological past when sandar developed as braidplains in confined valleys, to end up in a lowland area where the deposits could spread out further in lateral directions. The latter conditions have been found consistently for all Polish Weichselian sandar that were investigated in much sedimentological detail. This raises the question whether sandar are alluvial fans or not. Because the development of the sandar in NE Poland seems to be much more representative for outwash deposition than the present‐day sandar in Iceland and elsewhere, the current alluvial‐fan‐like sandur model — based on the fairly exceptional present‐day situation with deposition in a narrow belt — should therefore be replaced by the braidplain‐like sandur model — based on deposition in a valley and in a wider lowland area in front — that has been established for the Polish examples.
Multiple Linear Regression Model for Prediction of Summer Tropical Cyclone Genesis Frequency over the Western North Pacific

This study has developed a multiple linear regression model (MLRM) for the seasonal prediction of the summer tropical cyclone genesis frequency (TCGF) over the western North Pacific (WNP) using the four teleconnection patterns. These patterns are representative of the Siberian high Oscillation (SHO) in the East Asian continent, the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) in the North Pacific, Antarctic oscillation (AAO) near Australia, and the circulation in the equatorial central Pacific during the boreal spring (April-May). This statistical model is verified by analyzing the differences hindcasted for the high and low TCGF years. The high TCGF years are characterized by the following anomalous features: four anomalous teleconnection patterns such as anticyclonic circulation (positive SHO phase) in the East Asian continent, pressure pattern like north-high and south-low in the North Pacific, and cyclonic circulation (positive AAO phase) near Australia, and cyclonic circulation in the Nino3.4 region were strengthened during the period from boreal spring to boreal summer. Thus, anomalous trade winds in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) were weakened by anomalous cyclonic circulations that located in the subtropical western Pacific (SWP) in both hemispheres. Consequently, this spatial distribution of anomalous pressure pattern suppressed convection in the TWP, strengthened convection in the SWP instead.
Chemical and mineralogic trends within the Timber Mountain‐Oasis Valley Caldera Complex, Nevada: Evidence for multiple cycles of chemical evolution in a long‐lived silicic magma system

Rocks of the Miocene and Pliocene Timber Mountain-Oasis Valley (TM-OV) caldera complex in the southwest Nevada volcanic field are dominantly rhyolites and quartz latites (trachytes). Minor basaltic to dacitic rocks were erupted peripherally to the caldera complex and in the moat of the youngest caldera. We divide the petrologic evolution of the caldera complex into a series of petrochemical cycles based on systematic changes in rock chemistry, modal petrography, and mineral chemistry as a function of time. Each petrochemical cycle is characterized by periods of systematic differentiation toward more siliceous or rhyolitic compositions. Breaks between cycles are generally abrupt and follow either times of major ash flow tuff eruption or episodes of relatively mafic (basaltic to dacitic) volcanism. New cycles begin with magma compositions that are less silicic than rhyolites erupted at the end of the preceding cycle. The systematic chemical changes toward more silicic compositions indicate that each cycle represents periods of progressive magmatic differentiation and suggest that members of a cycle successively evolved from a common parental magma. Some of the chemical trends within cycles are consistent with crystal fractionation of the observed phenocrysts and accessory minerals. However, other mechanisms must have operated in conjunction with crystal fractionation to produce the observed chemical variations in these rocks. Progressive buildup of volatiles and the depression of liquidus temperatures is suggested in some cycles by the decline in phenocryst abundances and the resorption of quartz. The occurrence of multiple petrochemical cycles is consistent with the interpretation that a series of magma bodies were successively emplaced and differentiated in the upper crust beneath TM-OV. Members of petrochemical cycles were periodically erupted during the evolution of these magma bodies, providing a record of their differentiation. An alternative interpretation is that a large upper crustal silicic magma body was present beneath TM-OV for most of its history and that new cycles of differentiation began after major ash flow eruptions, episodes of magma replenishment, and breakdown in compositional zonation.
Is Teleworking for Millennials

The telework option has been noted by researchers as a way to save costs and increase productivity for organizations; allow flexibility, savings, and relieve stress for employees; and be environmentally friendly for society. While research has examined generational attitudes regarding work, there are limited studies on the expectations of this newest workforce, the Millennials (born 19811999), and even fewer concerning their attitudes towards teleworking. This study looks at the Millennials’ attitudes toward autonomy, work/life balance, perceived computer competence and its relationship with telework preference. Using a survey instrument, a sample of Millennials and non-Millennials (GenXers, Baby Boomers and Traditionalists) were scrutinized to determine their preferences by group. A sample of 263 university students, faculty and staff represented 195 Millennials and 68 non-Millennials. Partial support was found for the effect of autonomy and work/life balance toward the preference to telework. Based on our results, Millennials do not seem to prefer teleworking. However, our analysis of differences between males and females depicted greater interest in males.
Effects Of Unbalanced Magnetic Force And Torque Ripple On The Performance Of A Double Stator Permanent Magnet Machine

Abstract. The effect of unbalanced magnetic force and torque ripple of on the output performance of a double stator switched-flux permanent magnet machine would be investigated and compared, with particular reference to the machine’s varying rotor pole number. The finite element analysis (FEA) predicted machine parameters are: unbalanced magnetic force (UMF), total harmonic distortion (THD), torque ripple (Tr), cogging torque and static torque. The considered machine types having 10, 11, 13-and 14-rotor pole numbers are designated as: 6S/10P, 6S/11P, 6S/13P and 6S/14P, respectively; 6S represents six (6) stator slot or teeth number. It is revealed that the machine types that have odd number of rotor poles would have lower machine output characteristics such as: low cogging torque, low torque ripple and low total harmonic distortion of the voltage, compared to the ones that have even number of rotor poles; though, with higher amount of unbalanced magnetic force on the rotor. Further, the sensitivity of the machine’s output performances due to electric loadings is higher than its corresponding response as a result of machine’s varying rotational speed. More so, the machine types having odd number of rotor poles would have higher air gap flux density magnitudes; and would also exhibit better average torque per magnet usage, which is desirable for reduced cost implications.
The influence of stump diameter and height on coppicing ability of selected key Miombo woodland tree species of Zambia: A guide for harvesting for charcoal production

A study was undertaken to investigate the influence of stump diameter and stump height on the coppice effectiveness in relation to interspecific variation. The overall objective was to provide an understanding of the coppicing ability of the selected key miombo species in order to provide a basis for sustainable management of the species. A total of 102 stumps were observed. Coppice effectiveness results varied among the key tree species withBrachystegia longifolia and Isoberlinia angolensis having the highest number of coppice shoots (9.8 ± 2.6) and 7.5 ± 1.6) and the least being Julbernadia paniculata (4.2 ± 1.3). High coppice effectiveness indicates a greater recruitment potential for miombo species. The study has revealed that the coppicing ability of miombo trees is species dependent. The results therefore suggest that management of miombo species should be species specific rather than holistic. The research has also provided a model for planning when cutting of the aforementioned miombo species for charcoal production in terms of the diameter classes that provide high coppice effectiveness. Key words: Coppice effectiveness, sustainable management, regeneration.
A cross-cohort description of young people's housing experience in Britain over 30 years: An application of Sequence Analysis

Methods. Sequence Analysis supported by Event History Analysis. Key Findings. Despite only 12 years separating both cohorts, the younger 1970 cohort exhibited very different patterns of housing including a slower progression out of the parental home and into stable tenure, and an increased reliance on privately rented housing. Returns to the parental home occurred across the twenties and into the thirties in both cohorts, although occurred more frequently and were more concentrated among certain groups in the 1970 cohort compared to the 1958 cohort. Although fewer cohort members in the 1970 cohort experienced social housing, and did so at a later age, social housing was also associated with greater tenure immobility in this younger cohort. Conclusions. The housing experiences of the younger cohort became associated with more unstable tenure (privately rented housing) for the majority. Leaving the parental home was observed to be a process, as opposed to a one-off event, and several returns to the parental home were documented, more so for the 1970 cohort. These findings are not unrelated, and in the current environment of rising house prices, collapses in the (youth) labour market and rising costs of higher education, are likely to increase in prevalence across subsequent cohorts.
Nonequilibrium mass transfer between the vapor, aqueous, and solid phases in unsaturated soils during vapor extraction

Vapor extraction is a commonly used method for removing nonaqueous phase liquid volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the vadose zone. Experience indicates that in the absence of liquid VOC, the efficiency of vapor extraction systems decreases dramatically with time as effluent concentrations approach zero asymptotically. When such systems are restarted after a temporary shutdown, effluent concentrations are often found to recover for a short period before dropping back to preshutdown levels. This behavior is generally attributed to kinetic processes which limit the transfer of contaminant into the moving air. A numerical model is developed to simulate the rate-limited extraction of volatile compounds governed by first-order kinetic mass transfer processes. A sensitivity analysis is performed to identify model responses to various kinetic and equilibrium partitioning processes. The model is calibrated using experimental data collected from a pilot-scale experiment involving vapor extraction of trichloroethylene from fine sand. An analysis of the relationships between airflow rates and the kinetic mass transfer coefficients under various pumping schemes shows that for a given condition, increasing the flow rate has little effect beyond a certain point. It is also shown that pulsed pumping is generally less efficient than continuous pumping at a low rate.
The contribution of carbohydrate C and earthworm activity to the water-stable aggregation of a sandy soil

An incubation study was conducted to test the effects of decomposing clover tops (added at 0, 6·2 or 12·5 mg organic matter/g soil) and earthworm activity on the contribution of carbohydrate C to the stability of aggregates in a sandy soil. Soils incubated with and without earthworms were separated into surface-casts and bulk soil, and the amounts of water-stable aggregates >1 mm surviving slow and rapid rewetting (when air-dry) in these soil separates were determined. Organic C and acid- and water-extractable carbohydrate C concentrations were determined in the aggregates and bulk soil. The treatments of 6·2 and 12·5 mg organic matter/g soil increased the >1 mm aggregation of the bulk soil by more than 2·2- and 2·8-fold, respectively, compared with the non-amended soils. With the addition of earthworms, there were increases from 1·7- to 1·8-fold only in aggregates surviving slow rewetting. The acid- and water-extractable carbohydrate C contents of aggregates >1 mm in the bulk and surface-cast soils were generally not greater than the carbohydrate C in the bulk soil. Generally, the carbohydrate C fractions were also not increased in the more stable aggregates (rapidly rewet) compared with the weaker aggregates (slowly rewet). Carbohydrate C in bulk soil was generally (P 0·71, P 0·05), with a greater proportion of these aggregates resisting disruption when the soils were rapidly rewet (except for acid-extractable carbohydrate C; r = -0·84, P < 0·05). These results cast doubt on the usefulness of correlations in assessing the contribution of carbohydrate C to aggregation. The amounts of carbohydrate materials in the soil appeared to have little influence on aggregation, probably because the location of bonding compounds in the soil pore matrix is more critical.
Facies sequences on a carbonate ramp: the Carboniferous Limestone of South Wales

During early Carboniferous times a major sea-level rise led to the development of an extensive carbonate ramp over what is now South Wales. Differential subsidence and sea-level changes resulted in distinctive facies sequences in the ramp succession and a model is offered which recognizes three distinct geomorpho-tectonic settings; inner, mid- and outer ramp. The inner ramp zone occurs in the more landward part of the province and was an area undergoing little or no subsidence. The sequence is dominated by oolitic grainstones and peritidal limestones representing shoal and back shoal environments. The peritidal units are transgressive deposits consisting of stacked asymmetrical shallowing-up cycles. The sequence contains many subaerial breaks and tectonic uplift resulted in base-level changes and fluvial incision. The mid-ramp zone sequence is intermediate in thickness between the inner and outer ramp successions and consists mainly of bioclastic limestones deposited below fairweather wave base. Sedimentation periodically exceeded sea-level rise and subsidence, and regressive (progradational) oolitic sand bodies developed, the thickest of which are stacked units with up to four individual sand bodies. Storm processes were of major importance in this setting. The outer ramp zone is represented by a thick sequence of muddy bioclastic limestones deposited below storm wave base and major Waulsortian reef-mounds also developed. None of the shallowing phases seen in the other ramp zones can be detected in this sequence. Subsidence and eustatic sea-level rise seem to have been the major controls on deposition but the recognition of eustatic sea-level falls is difficult. The detailed facies model for ramp carbonates presented here may be applicable elsewhere in the geological record.
An Association between the Socio-Economic Indicators and the Periodontitis in the Republic Of Macedonia.

The epidemiological data talk about the great representation of the gingivo-periodontal diseases, that’s why the WHO stresses the need to make researches for the diseases’ determinants, whereby the socio-economic determinants are distinguished as important. The aim of this work is to determine the association between the most important socio-economic indicators (income, education, way of life) and the periodontal disease. In order to realize this goal, at the Clinic of Oral Pathology and Periodontology at UDCC ”St. Pantelejmon” in Skopje and other three private dental offices a cross-sectional study was done in a period of 3 months. The study included 420 patients coming at the Clinics and the private dental offices for a check and treatment. A survey was realized with all the patients, where the questions were asked about the way of life and socio-economic status. With all the examined we were determining the Ramfjord index. The collected information were elaborated by the use of Statistica 7.0 for Windows and SPSS 17.0, using Pearson Chi-square. We have registered statistically significant association (p=0.00000) between the income, educational degree and way of life on one side and the Ramfjord’s index on other side. The concept of lifestyle is something more than behavior; it is a way of life and studied as broadly as possible. From this study we concluded that there is a strong association of lifestyle, education level, and socioeconomic position with periodontal diseases. People having lower income, are rare visitors in dental offices, because there aren’t any preventive measurements done on them and no control on the periodontal disease’s improvement.
Analysis of Teleseismic Signals from Underground Nuclear Explosions Originating in Four Geological Environments

Summary A comparison of Yellowknife records of the short-period teleseismic P codas of underground nuclear explosions with synthesized records enables us to differentiate between the primary signal and anomalous signal-generated noise. By primary signal we are referring to the P coda generated by a symmetric point source in a layered crust; both source and receiver crusts satisfy the requirements of the Haskell-Thomson matrix theory. For epicentral distances for which multipathing in the upper mantle does not occur, the large-amplitude phases in the first several cycles are dominated by the primary signal. Complexities in the next portion, which consists of smaller amplitude phases, are probably due to signal-generated noise resulting from the presence of lateral heterogeneities near the source such as faults and perturbations in layer thickness and composition. Finally complexities in the latter portion of the P coda may, in some cases, be due to explosion-generated noise resulting from the presence of topographical irregularities at greater distances from the source. Of the four geological environments studied, the events from Amchitka Island appear to have the smallest complexity factor and the event from Novaya Zemlya, the largest. The complexity of the events from the E. Kazakh site and the Nevada Test Site lie in between these two values.