Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigations of continued reservoir triggered seismicity at Koyna, India

Abstract Koyna, located in the Deccan Volcanic Province in western India, is the most significant site of reservoir triggered seismicity (RTS) globally. The largest RTS event of M 6.3 occurred here on December 10, 1967. RTS at Koyna has continued. This includes 22 M≥5.0 and thousands of smaller events over the past 50 years. The annual loading and unloading cycles of the Koyna Reservoir and the nearby Warna Reservoir influence RTS. Koyna provides an excellent natural laboratory to comprehend the mechanism of RTS because earthquakes here occur in a small area, mostly at depths of 2–7 km, which are accessible for monitoring. A deep borehole laboratory is therefore planned to study earthquakes in the near-field to understand their genesis, especially in an RTS environment. Initially, several geophysical investigations were carried out to characterize the seismic zone, including 5000 line kilometres of airborne gravity gradiometry and magnetic surveys, high-quality magnetotelluric data from 100 stations, airborne LiDAR surveys over 1064 km2, drilling of 8 boreholes of approximately 1500 m depth and geophysical logging. To improve the earthquake locations a unique network of borehole seismometers was installed in six of these boreholes. These results, along with a pilot borehole drilling plan, are presented here.
Light and Ethephon Overcoming Seed Dormancy in Friar’s Crown (Melocactus zehntneri, Cactaceae), a Brazilian Cactus

Seed germination in Melocactus and other cactus species is hampered by dormancy. However, most studies failed to achieve high seed-germination rates, suggesting a complex mechanism of dormancy in Cactaceae. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether factors such as light and phytoregulators overcome the dormancy in the seeds of the friar’s crown cactus (Melocactus zehntneri). Two consecutive experimental sets were designed: one with seed germination under filter paper conditions and different wavelengths and Photosynthetically Photon Flux Densities (PPFDs); and one in vitro experiment using a culture medium to evaluate the influence of different phytoregulators, such as gibberellic acid (GA3), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and ethephon (ET), both in the germination of seeds of M. zehntneri. Seeds of M. zehntneri are positive photoblastic. Red light and gradual increases in PPFD resulted in the highest germination rates (60.8–61.7%) and germination speed index (4.4–4.5). In vitro seeding in culture media increased the germination percentage to 76% in control without phytoregulators. Ethephon showed a major effect in releasing the germination of dormant seeds of M. zehntneri, totaling 98% of seeds germinated under in vitro conditions, while GA3 and BAP showed minor or no effect on germination. The present study resulted in an efficient in vitro technique for germination and a better understanding of cacti seed dormancy.
LEMLEM W ORKING P APER S ERIES Identification of Vector Autoregressive Models with Nonlinear Contemporaneous Structure

We propose a statistical identiﬁcation procedure for structural vector autoregressive (VAR) models that present a nonlinear dependence (at least) at the contemporaneous level. By applying and adapting results from the literature on causal discovery with continuous additive noise models to structural VAR analysis, we show that a large class of structural VAR models is identiﬁable. We spell out these speciﬁc conditions and propose a scheme for the estimation of structural impulse response functions in a nonlinear setting. We assess the performance of this scheme in a simulation experiment. Finally, we apply it in a study on the effects of monetary policy on the economy, which shows the importance of taking into account the potential asymmetry between the impact of an expansionary versus a contractionary monetary policy
Evaluation of an Automated Executed Version of an ELISA for the Serological Diagnosis of Dengue Infections

The incidence of dengue is increasing in many countries and at the present time, around half of the world's population is at risk of infection. Dengue is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that continues to pose an important challenge to public health authorities worldwide. A critical task in managing arboviral outbreaks and epidemics is the selection of laboratory technology for timely and accurate diagnosis. In this study, we assessed the performance of the DYNEX® DS2 Automated Processing System for the diagnosis of dengue vis a vis the manually executed procedure. The levels of agreement were calculated and showed 94%, 96%, and 90% positive percent agreement, negative percent agreement, and overall percent agreement, respectively. In conclusion, both tests displayed comparable performances.
Hip fracture patients may be vitamin B, deficient Controlled study of serum pyridoxal-5’-phosphate

Deficiency of vitamin B, in rats may result in defective bone formation, possibly due to decreased activity of the enzyme omithine decarboxylase which requires pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP) as a co-factor and is responsible for production of intracellular putrescine, a metabolic regulator. We studied 3 groups of patients (62 fit ambulant out-patients, 21 elective arthroplasty patients, and 20 hip fracture patients) and assayed their PLP status by high performance liquid chromatography. The reference range derived from the out-patients was 13-1 06 nmol/L. 3 of the arthroplasty group and 10 of the fracture group had serum PLP concentrations less than 13 nmol/L (P < 0.01). We conclude that PLP may be an etiologic factor in hip fracture by virtue of its role in the activity of a key regulatory protein.
LEMLEM W ORKING P APER S ERIES Increasing returns and labour markets in a predator-prey model

The purpose of this work is to study the joint interaction of three founding elements of modern capitalism, namely endogenous technical change, income distribution and labour markets, within a low-dimensional nonlinear dynamic setup extending the Goodwin model. By going beyond the conservative structure typical of the predator-prey model, we insert an endogenous source of energy , namely a Kaldor-Verdoon increasing returns specification, that feeds the dynamics of the system over the long run and in that incorporates a transition to an (anti) dissipative framework. The qualitatively dynamics and ample array of topological structures reflect a wide range of Kaldorian stylised facts, as steady productivity growth and constant income distribution shares. The intensity of learning regimes and wage sensitivity to unemployment allow to mimic some typical traits of both Competitive and Fordist regimes of accumulation, showing the relevance of the demand-side engine, represented by the KV law, within an overall supply-side framework. High degrees of learning regimes stabilise the system and bring it out of an oscillatory trap. Even under regimes characterised by low degrees of learning, wage rigidity is able to stabilise the business cycle fluctuations and exert a positive e ff ect on productivity growth.
Inﬂuence of JFET Width on Short-Circuit Robustness of 1200 V SiC Power MOSFETs

: This paper investigates and compares the static performance and short-circuit (SC) robustness of 1200 V SiC MOSFETs with varying JFET widths (W JFET = 2.0–5.0 µ m). Short-circuit measurements as well as electrical-thermal simulations are used to identify thermal distribution and maximum electrical field, providing valuable insights into the design limits. The devices under test (DUTs) with narrow and wide W JFET exhibit different failure mechanisms under SC stress. After the short-circuit failure, interlayer dielectric (ILD) cracks are observed in DUTs with narrow JFET width (W JFET < 3 µ m). In contrast, it is discovered that the burn mark is located in the channel region of the device with a wide JFET width. Moreover, the short-circuit withstand time (SCWT) of DUTs with narrow and wide W JFET exhibits varying trends under high temperature conditions (100 ◦ C). These results can help verify the different failure mechanisms and determine an optimal JFET design to improve the trade-off between the static performance and SC ruggedness of the SiC MOSFETs.
Genetic background of body reserves in laying hens through backfat thickness phenotyping

In this study, we pursued three primary objectives: firstly to test and validate the phenotyping of 13 backfat thickness as an indicator of the overall fatness of laying hens; secondly, to estimate genetic 14 parameters for this trait; thirdly, to study the phenotypic and genetic relationships between this trait 15 and other traits related to production and body composition. To address these questions, hens from 16 two lines under divergent selection for residual feed intake, were phenotyped for body weight, body 17 composition traits (backfat, total fat volume, and blood adipokines levels), and egg number. Linear 18 mixed models enabled to estimate variance components and calculate genetic parameters. The two 19 lines largely differed in body fatness: the efficient line had larger backfat and lower chemerin levels 20 compared to the inefficient line. However, there were no significantly differences between the two 21 lines concerning body weight, total fat volume, other blood adipokines levels (adiponectin, ghrelin, 22 and visfatin), and egg production. The genetic parameter estimation revealed moderate heritability 23 (0.38 and 0.42) for backfat and body weight, high heritability (higher than 0.80) for blood adipokines 24 levels and low heritability (0.24 and 0.27) for egg production and total fat volume. The Backfat and 25 total fat volume were genetically highly and positively correlated (0.91). The body weight and total fat 26 volume were also highly positively correlated (0.67). However, backfat and body weight were 27 moderately positively correlated (0.39). The genetic correlation between backfat and egg number was 28 moderate and negative. In conclusion, backfat could provide additional genetic information to that of 29 the body weight as a selection criterion for body reserves. However, its correlation with laying 30 performance should be taken into account to avoid undesired responses to selection.
Human Development Index in West Java Province 2017–2021

The human development index, which raises the standard of living, is one approach to gauging economic success. This study aims to examine and evaluatetheimpactofpoverty,employmentrates,minimumwages,andpopulation sizeonthehumandevelopmentindexinWestJavaProvincefrom2017to2021. DataweregatheredviadocumentationmethodsfromtheCentralStatisticsAgencyofWestJavaProvince’swebsite,andpaneldataregressionwasusedtoanalyzethe results.BasedontheoutcomesoftheChowandHausmantests,theFixedEffect Modelwaschosenforthisinvestigation(FEM). 9citiesand18districtsinWest JavaProvincewereincludedintheobservationdata.Thestudy’sﬁndingsshow thatinWestJavaProvince,populationandthehumandevelopmentindexhaveno relationshipwithoneanother,butpoverty,thenumberofpersonsworking,and theminimumwageallsigniﬁcantlyaffecttheindex.
Digital disruption diversified—FinTechs and the emergence of a coopetitive market ecosystem

This article analyses the development of FinTech companies in relation to traditional banks in four countries: Denmark, Estonia, the Netherlands and Sweden. Based on approaches drawn from the sociology of markets and field theory, we analyse and theorize about empirical data from secondary sources, official documents and 38 interviews with key actors. Whereas digital technologies have been commonly depicted as a source of disruption for established business models, suggesting that the rise of FinTech leads to competitive upheaval in the financial sector, more recent studies argue that such interpretations are exaggerated. Here, we propose the emergence of a ‘coopetitive’ market ecosystem that combines co-operative and competitive connections between incumbents and challengers who often share the same infrastructure. FinTech firms are shown to function as catalysts in the transformation towards this ecosystem shaped by coopetitive interdependence between the actors.
LEMLEM W ORKING P APER S ERIES Heterogeneity in Macroeconomics: The Compositional Inequality Perspective

This work presents a framework to jointly study individuals’ heterogeneity in terms of their capital and labor endowments ( endowment heterogeneity ) and of their saving and consumption behaviors ( behavioral heterogeneity ), from an empirical perspective. By adopting a newly developed synthetic measure of compositional inequality, this work classiﬁes more than 20 economies across over two decades on the basis of their heterogeneity characteristics. Modern economies are far from being characterized by agents with same propensities to save and consume and same endowments ( Representative Agent systems), or by the existence of rich capital-abundant savers and poor hand-to-mouth consumers ( Kaldorian systems). Our framework and results are discussed in light of the heterogeneity assumptions underlying several types of macroeconomic models with heterogeneous agents ( Kaldorian , TANK & HANK , OLG , and ABM models). A negative relationship between behavioral heterogeneity and the economy’s saving rate is also documented.
Influence of Government Borrowing On Economic Growth in Kenya

The issue of government borrowing has been the major underlying main issue that most empirical data has ignored when it comes to the field of economic growth. However, the level of indebtedness has been agreed upon globally as the main dependent issue on a country’s growth and development. Poor investment, low consumption, and overtaking the production level of a given economy are limitations towards economic growth in cases where government borrowing is used to fuel development. The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of government borrowing on economic growth of Kenya as a country. The main aims of this study were to establish the impact of domestic, external commercial, external concessionary borrowing and interest on economic growth of Kenya. Debt overhang was the basis of the research theorem, Theory of Expenditure, and Neoclassical Growth Theory. The research applied descriptive research design, within the study secondary data was collected. Secondary data was used in the analysis on external borrowing was derived from Central Bank of Kenya (CBK), Ministry of Finance, world development indicators and World Bank data, internet and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Data collected ranged from the year 1989-2019. The data analysis tool, SPSS version 25.0, was utilized for this study. The study findings were that government borrowing significantly impacts on economic growth and that it can be used to significantly predict economic growth. Further findings were that that the government borrowing component that entails internal borrowing has both a significant positive association and relationship with economic growth. Final findings were that that the government borrowing components that entail external commercial and external concessional borrowing both have a significant positive association but an insignificant negative relationship with economic growth. This implies that government sector borrowing is an important factor for economic growth. Further implications were that internal borrowing is an important factor for economic growth. Policy recommendations are made to the National Treasury to utilize government borrowing to spur economic growth. However, public debt should be utilized up to a certain point because government borrowing and economic growth have been cited by various empirical literature reviewed in the study as having a downward sloping curvilinear relationship.
Diversity Patterns and Determinants of Soil Microorganisms and Nematodes along Elevation Gradients in a Temperate Forest in South Korea

The elevational patterns of soil microbial and nematodes diversity (SMND) and the determinants remain controversial. Moreover, how the SMND are modified simultaneously with an elevational gradient has not yet been established. In this study, we investigated the elevational patterns of the SMND and the relative importance among/within tree factors (i.e., tree diversity, identity, and quantity) and environmental factors (i.e., climate and soil) on the SMND. For this purpose, we analyzed datasets from 27 plots across nine elevation bands in the temperate forests of Mt. Gariwang, South Korea. We performed multimodel inference tests and subsequently conducted a variance partitioning to determine the most prominent factors controlling each SMND and compare the relative contribution of the trees and environmental effects. Our results revealed that bacterial and fungal diversity decreased along the elevation gradient. However, nematode diversity did not change significantly, indicating that site-specific environmental conditions may be more influential than the elevation per se. Moreover, this indicates that bacterial diversity was affected by the pH and functional dispersion of the leaf size, and that fungal diversity was governed only by the pH. However, nematode diversity was driven by aboveground biomass, ammonium-nitrogen, and tree size diversity. In summary, the soil microbial diversity was more strongly controlled by the environmental factors, whereas the tree factors were more important for nematodes. Our results show that the elevational patterns and determinants of SMND differed among the taxonomic groups in the common micro-food web. These findings provide new insights into the factors controlling the SMND in a temperate forest and expand the local knowledge of soil biodiversity which is necessary for promoting its mainstreaming. Thus, our results contribute to establishing a basis for more targeted and effective biodiversity conservation and management practices in forest ecosystems.
Vitamin E and risk of first stroke in general hypertensive patients: a nested case–control study

Background: Epidemiological studies on the association between levels of plasma vitamin E and first stroke risk are inconclusive. Methods: A nested, case–control study was conducted utilizing data on 115,337 hypertensive patients from the H-type Hypertension and Stroke Prevention and Control Project. The current analysis comprised 2193 cases of first stroke and 2193 controls matched for age, sex, and study site. Results: The mean plasma concentration of vitamin E was 12.37 (3.61) μg/mL. The smoothing curve showed a linear correlation between plasma vitamin E levels and the risk of the first stroke. Hypertensive patients with plasma vitamin E levels ≥14.1 μg/mL (Q4) had an increased risk of first stroke (adjusted odds ratios [OR]: 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.37) compared with those with plasma vitamin E < 14.1 μg/mL (Q1–Q3). Sub-group analysis revealed that the relationship between plasma vitamin E (≥14.1.1 vs. P interaction = 0.035). Conclusions: This study suggests that higher levels of plasma vitamin E are associated with an elevated risk of first stroke among Chinese hypertensive patients.
Iron Absorption in Highly Trained Male Runners: Does it Matter When and Where You Eat Your Iron?

ABSTRACT Purpose We examined iron absorption and its regulation during two common scenarios experienced by endurance athletes. Our aims were to: (i) compare the effects of preexercise versus postexercise iron intake on iron absorption; and (ii) compare the impact of training at altitude (1800 m) on iron absorption preexercise. Methods Male runners (n = 18) completed three exercise trials over a 5-wk period, each preceded by 24 h of standardized low-iron diets. First, athletes completed two 60-min treadmill running trials at 65% V̇O2max at near sea-level (580 m). In a randomized order, preexercise and postexercise test meals labeled with 4 mg of 57Fe or 58Fe were consumed 30 min before or 30 min after exercise. Then, the same exercise trial was performed after living and training at altitude (~1800 m) for 7 d, with the labeled test meal consumed 30 min preexercise. We collected venous blood samples preexercise and postexercise for markers of iron status and regulation, and 14 d later to measure erythrocyte isotope incorporation. Results No differences in fractional iron absorption were evident when test meals were consumed preexercise (7.3% [4.4, 12.1]) or postexercise (6.2% [3.1, 12.5]) (n = 18; P = 0.058). Iron absorption preexercise was greater at altitude (18.4% [10.6, 32.0]) than at near sea-level (n = 17; P < 0.001) and hepcidin concentrations at altitude were lower at rest and 3 h postexercise compared with near sea level (P < 0.001). Conclusions In an acute setting, preexercise and postexercise iron absorption is comparable if consumed within 30 min of exercise. Preexercise iron absorption increases 2.6-fold at altitude compared with near sea-level, likely due to the homeostatic response to provide iron for enhanced erythropoiesis and maintain iron stores.
Pregnancy outcomes of 4 endometrial preparation protocols in adenomyosis patients with thin endometrium during frozen embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the pregnancy outcomes of different endometrial preparation protocols in patients with adenomyosis and thin endometrium during frozen embryo transfer. Methods: The study, which was conducted at the Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, included 236 patients with adenomyosis and thin endometrium who underwent frozen embryo transfer between January 1, 2011, and December 12, 2022. The pregnancy outcomes and maternal and infant complications among the 4 groups were further compared. Results: These patients with adenomyosis and thin endometrium were divided into 4 groups based on the endometrial preparation protocols used: natural cycle treatment (n=53), hormone replacement therapy group (n=73), gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists + hormone replacement therapy group (n=49), and ovarian induction group (n=61). The demographic, cycle, and embryologic characteristics were similar between groups. The livebirth rates (P=0.29), full-term pregnancy rates (P=0.55), preterm pregnancy rates (P=0.33), clinical pregnancy rates (P=0.77), biochemical pregnancy miscarriage rates (P=0.28), early miscarriage rates (P=0.16), and late miscarriage rates (P=0.69) were comparable among 4 groups. In addition, there were no significant differences in maternal and infant complications. Conclusion: The pregnancy outcomes of frozen-embryo transfer among 4 endometrial preparation protocols in patients with adenomyosis and thin endometrium were comparable, indicating no significant disparities. In addition, no noteworthy variations were observed in terms of maternal and infant complications in these patients.