Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A quasilinear description for fast‐wave minority heating permitting off‐magnetic axis heating in a tokamak

By keeping only the essential physical effects the simplest as possible, experimentally relevant quasilinear description of fast‐wave minority heating in a tokamak is derived in a tractable form suitable for convenient numerical implementation. The resulting quasilinear operator retains all trapped and passing particle effects and permits the minority heating resonance line to be offset from the magnetic axis. Rather than averaging the infinite, homogeneous quasilinear operator, the derivation is carried out in tokamak geometry to properly treat the merging of distinct rf–particle interaction regions. Merging occurs when the banana tips of trapped particles are in the vicinity of the minority resonance or, for both trapped and passing particles, when the minority resonance is tangent or nearly tangent to a flux surface. A phenomenological model of the influence of collisions on merging is also presented.
SHELL PLATE Interaction in the Free Vibrations of Circular Cylindrical Tanks Partially Filled with a Liquid: the Artificial Spring Method

Abstract The free vibrations of a circular cylindrical tank partially filled with an inviscid and incompressible liquid with a free surface orthogonal to the tank axis are analytically studied. The tank is modelled by a simply supported circular cylindrical shell connected to a simply supported circular plate by an artificial rotational distributed spring of appropriate stiffness. The plate is considered to be resting on a Winkler elastic foundation. The effects of the free surface waves and the hydrostatic liquid pressure are neglected. The bulging modes (where the tank walls oscillate with the liquid) of the structure are investigated and the solution is obtained as an eigenvalue problem by using the Rayleigh-Ritz expansion of the mode shapes and then minimizing the Rayleigh quotient for coupled vibrations. The effects of the liquid level inside the tank, of the stiffness of the Winkler foundation and of the spring stiffness at the shell-plate joint are investigated for shallow and tall water-filled tanks. Comparisons with available results is also given.
Dust emission features in 3-micron spectra of Herbig Ae/Be stars

Attention is given to low- and medium-resolution spectra in the 3-micron region of 24 Herbig Ae/Be stars obtained in a search for organic features from the dust around young stars. The 3.29-micron emission feature from aromatic hydrocarbons was detected in three objects: Lk H-alpha 25, XY Per, and AS 310. Two other stars, HD 245185 and HK Ori, may have weak features. About 20 percent of the Herbig Ae/Be surveyed to date have firmly detected 3.29-micron features. The available data indicate that the 3.29-micron feature is more extended around Herbig Ae/Be stars of earlier spectral type, possibly due to dehydrogenization or destruction of the aromatics near these stars. It is suggested that the total number of aromatics excited by the stars is also greater around the earlier-type objects.
International Journal of Computer Vision (accepted Manuscript) Gaze Estimation in the 3d Space Using Rgb-d Sensors towards Head-pose and User Invariance

We address the problem of 3D gaze estimation within a 3D environment from remote sensors, which is highly valuable for applications in human-human and human-robot interactions. To the contrary of most previous works, which are limited to screen gazing applications , we propose to leverage the depth data of RGB-D cameras to perform an accurate head pose tracking , acquire head pose invariance through a 3D recti-fication process that renders head pose dependent eye images into a canonical viewpoint, and computes the line-of-sight in the 3D space. To address the low resolution issue of the eye image resulting from the use of remote sensors, we rely on the appearance based gaze estimation paradigm, which has demonstrated robustness against this factor. In this context, we do a comparative study of recent appearance based strategies within our framework, study the generalization of these methods to unseen individual, and propose a cross-user eye image alignment technique relying on the direct registration of gaze-synchronized eye images. We demonstrate the validity of our approach through extensive gaze estimation experiments on a public dataset as well as a gaze coding task applied to natural job interviews. Fig. 1 Example of applications requiring 3D gaze estimation. Left: studying Human-Human Interactions in group interviews (Oertel et al, 2014). Right: Human-Robot Interactions involving groups of people.
Concept of Constrained Translation. Non-Linguistic Perspectives of Translation

The procedures involved in the translation of texts have been widely studied from a linguistic point of view. However, when translation is required not only of written texts alone, but of texts in association with other communication media (image, music, oral sources, etc.), the translator's task is complicated and at the same time constrained by the latter. We introduce in this paper the concept of constrained translation from the point of view of communication theory (as defined by the terminology of Nida "dynamic translation") ; we also deal with the existence of more than one communication channel, the factors of source culture, target culture, "noise", and the role of the translator in this complex process.
On the comparison of waiting times in tandem queues

Using a definition of partial ordering of distribution functions, it is proven that for a tandem queueing system with many stations in series, where each station can have either one server with an arbitrary service distribution or a number of constant servers in parallel, the expected total waiting time in system of every customer decreases as the interarrival and service distributions becomes smaller with respect to that ordering. Some stronger conclusions are also given under stronger order relations. Using these results, bounds for the expected total waiting time in system are then readily obtained for wide classes of tandem queues.
Differences of Minimum Erythema Dose (MED) in Fitzpatrick IV Skin Type Adults and Elderly with an Exposure of Narrowband Ultraviolet B (NB-UVB)

: The skin of the elderly is different compared to that of an adult due to aging, where such changes could influence the skin's response to ultraviolet exposure, including erythemal response. This difference could lead to MED change, which in turn affects the effectiveness of treatment modalities for skin diseases. This study aims to determine the difference between average MED in the elderly and adults with Fitzpatrick IV skin type, as well as the difference between 24 hours-MED and 48 hours-MED. MED calculations were based on skin erythemal responses relative to six different exposure doses of NB-UVB in elderly people aged over 60 years and adults aged 18-45 years. The irradiation is done with a Waldmann UV109 lamp with dosages starting from 300, 500, 700, 900, 1100, and 1300 mJ/cm 2 . Responses were examined at 24 hours and 48 hours post-irradiation by three different assessors. In the adult group, the mean of 24 hours-MED was 554 ± 182 mJ/cm 2 and 48 hours-MED was increased to 606 ± 167 mJ/cm 2 . In the elderly group, the mean of 24 hours-MED was 702 ± 340 mJ/cm 2 and 48 hours-MED was increased to 836 ± 341 mJ/cm 2 . The 24 hours-MED in the elderly group is higher compared to that of the adult group; however, the difference is not statistically significant (p=0.158). There is a statistically significant difference between 24 hours-MED and 48 hours-MED was found (<0.001) in the elderly group. The mean of 24 hours-MED in elderly and adults in this study could be applied clinically.
Optimization of a Microchannel Heat Sink with Varying Channel Heights and Widths

The optimal tapered channel design of a microchannel heat sink is obtained by a combined optimization procedure that includes a model of a three-dimensional microchannel heat sink and a simplified conjugate-gradient method. The objective function to be minimized is the overall thermal resistance with the number of channels N, channel-width ratio β, height-tapered ratio Λ y , and width-tapered ratio Λ z as the design parameters. It is shown that the thermal resistance in all its relationships with the individual parameters exhibits a decrease followed by an increase. The thermal resistance is sensitive to the variations in the channel number, channel-width ratio, or width-tapered ratio while less sensitive to the height-tapered ratio. Optimization results show that for a given pumping power (0.5 W), the optimal design variables are N = 78, β = 0.78, Λ z = 0.59, and Λ y = 0.81 with a corresponding minimum overall thermal resistance of 0.087 K W−1. These optimal design variables produce a 37.6% decrement in thermal resistance compared to the initial parallel-channel design estimate (N = 71, β = 0.85, Λ z = 0.99, and Λ y = 0.99). Additionally, as the pumping power increases, the optimal thermal resistance decreases and the corresponding optimal values of N increase; whereas, β, Λ z , and Λ y decrease.
Vortex dipole rebound from a wall

Accurate numerical simulations of vortex dipoles impinging on flat boundaries have revealed interesting new features. In the case of free‐slip boundaries the dipole does not rebound from the wall. In the case of nonslip walls rebounding occurs and complex interactions of secondary and tertiary vortices appear. The numerical simulation of the first dipole rebound from the wall agrees with experimental visualizations. Numerical experiments extending in time beyond the real experiments show multiple rebounding. Each rebound is associated with the detachment of a secondary vorticity layer from the wall, these layers merge, and at a value of Reynolds number Re=1600, form a new dipole. This dipole has sufficient circulation to induce on itself a motion in the opposite direction to the motion of the initial dipole.
Electro-optic determination of the nonlinear-optical properties of a covalently functionalized Disperse Red 1 copolymer

We report the development of a methodology for the comprehensive characterization of the linear- and nonlinear-optical properties of a model copolymer, Disperse Red 1, covalently functionalized to a methyl methacrylate backbone. From refractive-index and electro-optic measurements, we have evaluated both fundamental macroscopic and microscopic nonlinear-optical properties. We have measured the refractive indices of the copolymer as a function of chromophore concentration, wavelength, and poling field. For the linear-optical properties we find that the wavelength dependence is well described by a single-oscillator Sellmeier equation and that the poling-field dependence is well described by a simple theory related to the order parameter. From the observed refractive-index anisotropy as a function of poling field, we have obtained an effective dipole moment for the Disperse Red chromophore. We have measured the linear electro-optic effect in these systems as a function of poling temperature, film thickness, poling-field strength, wavelength, and concentration. We have found that the electro-optic coefficients may be modeled by an independent-response two-level dispersion model, from which an independent determination of the effective dipole moment, nonresonant second-order susceptibility χ(2), and nonresonant molecular hyperpolarizability β have been obtained.
Dark Energy Dipole in f(R T) Cosmological Model

Recent astronomical observations show that the universe may be anisotropic on large scales. The Union2 SnIa data hint that the universe has a preferred direction. If such a cosmological privileged axis indeed exists, one has to consider an anisotropic expanding Universe, instead of the isotropic cosmological model. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the cosmic dipoles in f(R; T) Cosmological Model. the maximum anisotropic deviation direction is (l, b) = (137,23) or equivalently (l, b) = (317,-23). Our numerical results show that, using Union2 data, the anisotropic f(R, T) model provides a significantly better fit than the isotropic f(R, T), CPL, and {\Lambda}CDM models.
Dual-Doppler-Derived Profiles of the Southwesterly Flow Associated with Southwest and Ordinary Typhoons off the Southwestern Coast of Taiwan

AbstractThis study used ground-based dual-Doppler observations to explore an understanding of kinematic characteristics of the southwesterly flow associated with the southwest (SW) and ordinary (OR) typhoons immediately off the southwestern coast of Taiwan. The SW (OR) typhoon stated herein is referred to as a typhoon with (without) an obvious combination of its outer circulations and the summer southwesterly monsoon active over the South China Sea. Six typhoon events [Mindulle (2004), Kalmaegi (2008), Morakot (2009), Talim (2005), Jangmi (2008), and Fungwong (2008)] were chosen for analysis; the first (latter) three listed belong to the family of the SW (OR) typhoons. The vertical profiles generated from hourly synthesized winds for these typhoons indicate that intense orographic rainfall tended to occur during the prevalence of the west-southwesterly (WSW) flow that was more perpendicular to the south–north orientation of the topography in southern Taiwan. A unique, consistent feature of the WSW flow as.
An Infinite-Dimensional Geometric Structure on the Space of all the Probability Measures Equivalent to a Given One

Let M μ be the set of all probability densities equivalent to a given reference probability measure μ. This set is thought of as the maximal regular (i.e., with strictly positive densities) μ-dominated statistical model. For each f ∈ M μ we define (1) a Banach space L f with unit ball V f and (2) a mapping s f from a subset U f of M μ onto V f , in such a way that the system (s f , U f , f ∈ M μ ) is an affine atlas on M μ . Moreover each parametric exponential model dominated by μ is a finite-dimensional affine submanifold and each parametric statistical model dominated by μ with a suitable regularity is a submanifold. The global geometric framework given by the manifold structure adds some insight to the so-called geometric theory of statistical models. In particular, the present paper gives some of the developments connected with the Fisher information metrics (Rao) and the Hilbert bundle introduced by Amari.
A modified high-temperature cell (up to 3300 K) for use with a cubic press

A high temperature-high pressure pyrophyllite cell with a graphite heater has limitations when temperature exceeds 2100 K. A conventional cell used with the cubic anvil high pressure apparatus has been modified to reach 3300 K. The heater power versus temperature calibration curve has been established using Pt-Pt10%Rh thermocouple up to 1900 K. For calibration above 1900 K, the heater powers required to initiate melting in Allt;subgt;2lt;/subgt;Olt;subgt;3lt;/subgt;, Ylt;subgt;2lt;/subgt;Olt;subgt;3lt;/subgt;, and TiBlt;subgt;2lt;/subgt;, and decomposition of amp;alpha;-SiC have been determined. The melting (or decomposition) of the specimens has been detected by examining the microstructure of the specimens recovered after pressure-temperature treatment
Maser maps and magnetic field of OH 337.705−0.053

New high resolution studies of the Galactic maser site 337.705−0.053 reveal its magnetic field and velocity morphology. The long baseline array of the Australia Telescope National Facility provided simultaneous observations of both the 1665- and 1667-MHz OH transitions which yielded a sequence of maps at velocity spacing 0.09 km s −1 , in both senses of circular polarization, with tenth-arcsec spatial resolution. 38 small diameter maser spots were detected, spread over an ellipse with largest dimension of 1.5 arcsec. Pairs of spots with the same position, but with right and left circular polarization at different frequency, reveal Zeeman splitting. Five pairs at 1665 MHz and four at 1667 MHz are seen; at one position, pairs at both transitions indicate a comparable magnetic field and similar (central) velocity. All estimates of magnetic field are in the same sense, with a median value of −2.5 mG (pointing towards the earth), confirming an interpretation from single-dish observations. The morphology and kinematics have been compared with that of maser emission from the excited state of OH at 6035 MHz, with methanol at 6668 MHz and 12 GHz, and with water at 22 GHz. All species are intermingled, and associated with an ultracompact H II region. The site most likely lies near the tangent point of the Galactic 3-kpc ring, at a distance of 7.9 kpc. The maser spot distribution over 1.5 arcsec then corresponds to a diameter of 60 mpc, amongst the largest known, and likely to be approaching the end of the maser emitting phase. 337.705−0.053 adds to the maser sites studied in sufficient detail to explore ordered patterns in the global Galactic magnetic field.
Light-induced and holographic properties of ruthenium and manganese co-doped Bi4Ge3O12 crystals

The effect of Ru + Mn co-doping on the light-induced properties of Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystals is studied and compared with single Ru- and Mn-doped crystals. Optical absorption spectra of Ru + Mn co-doped crystal demonstrates a photosensitivity shift to the visible spectral range. In addition, a strong photochromic effect, being fully reversible by thermal annealing is observed. It is verified by photoluminescence emission that charge traps could be manipulated under ultraviolet (UV) excitation, as the photoluminescence intensity decreases revealing the existence of the state filling effect. Ru + Mn doping leads to a faster response time during holographic recording at 633 nm and a prolonged read-out process, especially after a preliminary exposure to UV light. The ability to modify the defect structure and corresponding absorption bands suggests the future potential for optical fixing using a two-step sensitization method.
The transient motion of a floating body

An analytical method of calculating the body motion was given in an earlier paper. Viscosity and surface tension were neglected, and the equations of motion were linearized. It was found that, for a half-immersed horizontal circular cylinder of radius a, the vertical motion at time τ(a/g)½ is described by the functions h1(τ) (for an initial velocity) and h2(τ) (for an initial displacement) where \begin{eqnarray*} h_1(\tau) &=& \frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-{\infty}}^{\infty}\frac{e^{-iu\tau}du}{1-\frac{1}{4} \pi u^2(1+\Lambda(u))}\\ {\rm and}\qquad\qquad\qquad h_2(\tau) &=& -\frac{1}{8}i\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{u(1+\Lambda(u))e^{-iu\tau}du}{1-\frac{1}{4}\pi u^2(1+\Lambda (u))}. \end{eqnarray*} The function ∧(u) in these integrals is the force coefficient which describes the action of the fluid on the body in a forced periodic motion of angular frequency u(g/a)½. To determine ∧(u) for any one value of u an infinite system of linear equations must be solved. In the present paper a numerical study is made of the functions h1(τ) and h2(τ). The integrals defining h1(τ) and h2(τ) are not immediately suitable for numerical integration, for small τ because the integrands decrease slowly as u increases, for large τ because of the oscillatory factor e−iur. It is shown how these difficulties can be overcome by using the properties of ∧(u) in the complex u-plane. It is found that after an initial stage the motion of the body is closely approximated by a damped harmonic oscillatory motion, except during a final stage of decay when the motion is non-oscillatory and the amplitude is very small. It is noteworthy that the motion of the body can be found accurately, although little can be said about the wave motion in the fluid.
A finite Reynolds number approach for the prediction of boundary layer receptivity in localized regions

Earlier theoretical work on the boundary‐layer receptivity problem utilized the triple‐deck framework, and typically produced only the leading‐order asymptotic result. The applicability of these predictions was limited to the generation of Tollmien–Schlichting‐type (viscosity‐conditioned) instabilities and rather high values of an appropriate Reynolds number. Generalizing the concepts behind the asymptotic theory of Goldstein and Ruban, the classical Orr–Sommerfeld theory is utilized to predict the receptivity due to small‐amplitude surface nonuniformities. This approach accounts for the finite Reynolds‐number effects, and can also be extended easily to problems involving other types of instabilities. It is illustrated here for the case of the Tollmien–Schlichting wave generation in a Blasius boundary layer, due to the interaction of a free‐stream acoustic wave with a region of short‐scale variation in one of the surface boundary conditions. The type of surface disturbances examined include regions of short‐scale variations in wall suction, wall admittance, and wall geometry (roughness). Results from the finite Reynolds‐number approach are compared in detail with previous asymptotic predictions, as well as the available experimental data.
On a Lyapunov approach to stability analysis of 2-D digital filters

This paper describes an approach to the stability analysis of two-dimensional (2-D) digital filters that are modeled in the Fornashni-Marchesini state space using a class of generalized 2-D Lyapunov equations, the generalization was made based on the constant 2-D Lyapunov equation proposed recently by Hinamoto (see ibid., vol. 40, no. 2, p. 102-10, 1993). It is shown that the use of the generalized Lyapunov equations narrows the gap between "sufficiency" and "necessity" for a state-space digital filter to be stable, which occurs in Hinamoto's Lyapunov theorem. Feasible methods for finding numerical solutions of the generalized 2-D Lyapunov equation are also proposed. An example is included to illustrate the main results of the paper. >
WEAK AND STRONG CONVERGENCE FOR COMMON FIXED POINTS OF A PAIR OF NONEXPANSIVE AND ASYMPTOTICALLY NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS

In this paper, we establish some weak and strong convergence theorems of modified Ishikawa iteration methods with errors with respect to a pair of nonexpansive and asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces. The results presented in this paper generalize, improve and unify a few results due to Chang [2], Osilike and Aniagbosor [10], Rhoades [11] and Schu [13, 14] and others.
Magnetothermal behavior of a nanoscale Fe/Fe oxide granular system

The low-temperature magnetic properties of samples obtained by cold-compacting core-shell Fe/Fe oxide nanoparticles have been investigated, and their dependence on the structure, composition, and mean particle size D has been discussed. Samples with different D, varying from 6 to 15 nm, and different Fe to oxide ratio were analyzed by means of transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and magnetization measurements in the 5\char21{}300-K temperature range. The results support the existence of a low-temperature (below ${T}_{1}\ensuremath{\sim}20\mathrm{K})$ frozen, disordered magnetic state, characterized by a strong exchange coupling between the structurally disordered, spin-glass-like oxide matrix and the Fe nanocrystallites. Above ${T}_{1},$ a different regime is distinguished, characterized by the coexistence of a quasi-static, ferromagnetic component, given by the Fe particles, and a relaxing component, represented by regions of exchange-interacting spins of the oxide matrix. As the temperature is increased above ${T}_{1},$ the net moments of the oxide magnetic regions become able to thermally fluctuate and they tend to be polarized by the Fe particle moments. The above picture well accounts for the composition, particle size, and thermal dependence of the coercivity and of the exchange field, which strongly increase with reducing temperature in correspondence with the freezing of most of the moments of the oxide magnetic regions.