Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A short history of thrombectomy – Procedure and success analysis of different endovascular stroke treatment techniques

Background The historical development of interventional stroke treatment shows a wide variation of different techniques and materials used. Thus, the question of the present work is whether the technical and procedural differences of thrombectomy techniques lead to different technical and clinical results. Methods and results Analysis of a mixed retrospective/prospective database of all endovascular treated patients with an occlusion of the Carotid-T or M1 segment of the MCA at a single comprehensive stroke center since 2008. Patients were classified regarding the technical approach used. Six hundred sixty-eight patients were available for the final analysis. Reperfusion rates ranged between 56% and 100% depending on the technical approach. The use of balloon guide catheters and most recently the establishment of combination techniques using balloon guide catheters, aspiration catheters and stent retrievers have shown a further significant increase in the rates of successful recanalization, full recanalization and first-pass recanalization. Additionally, the technical development of interventional techniques has led to a subsequent drop in complications, embolization into previously unaffected territories in particular. Conclusion Technical success of MT has improved substantially over the past decade owing to improved materials and procedural innovations. Combination techniques including flow modulation have emerged to be the most effective approach and should be considered as a standard of care. Level of evidence: Level 3, retrospective study.
Common ground: The foundation of interdisciplinary research on bat disease emergence

Human perturbation of natural systems is accelerating the emergence of infectious diseases, mandating integration of disease and ecological research. Bats have been associated with recent zoonoses, but our bibliometric analysis of coauthor relationships identified a separation of bat ecologists and infectious disease researchers with few cross-disciplinary relationships. Of 5,645 papers, true interdisciplinary collaborations occurred primarily in research focused on White Nose Syndrome (WNS). This finding is important because it illustrates how research with outcomes favoring both bat conservation and disease mitigation promotes domain integration and network connectivity. We advocate for increased engagement between ecology and infectious researchers to address such common causes and suggest that efforts focus on leveraging existing activities, building interdisciplinary projects, and networking individuals and networks to integrate domains and coordinate resources. We provide specific opportunities for pursuing these strategies through the Bat One Health Research Network (BOHRN).
Correlations between Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Body Morphometrics in Fledgling Shearwaters Impacted by Plastic Consumption from a Remote Pacific Island

We investigated the concentrations of 45 per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in fledgling flesh‐footed shearwater (Ardenna carneipes; n = 33) and wedge‐tailed shearwater (A. pacifica; n = 9) livers via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and their relationship to body morphometrics and ingested plastic mass recorded in 2019 on Lord Howe Island (NSW, Australia). Sixteen PFASs were detected, of which perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) was the dominant compound, detected in 100% of birds (1.34–13.4 ng/g wet wt). Long‐chain perfluorocarboxylic acids, including perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA; <0.04–0.79 ng/g wet wt) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA; <0.05–1.6 ng/g wet wt) were detected in >50% of birds. There was a positive correlation between PFDA and PFTrDA concentrations and wing chord length (Rs = 0.36, p = 0.0204; Rs = 0.44, p = 0.0037, respectively), and between PFDA concentrations and total body mass (Rs = 0.33, p = 0.032), suggesting that these compounds may impact shearwater fledgling morphometrics. Plastic was present in the intestinal tract of 79% of individuals (<7.6 g), although there was no correlation between PFAS concentrations and plastic mass, indicating that ingested plastic is not the likely primary exposure source. The widespread occurrence of PFASs in fledgling marine birds from a relatively pristine location in the Southern Hemisphere suggests that further studies in adult shearwaters and other marine birds are warranted to investigate whether there are any long‐term physiological effects on bird species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:799–810. © 2020 SETAC
GWAS-Based Identification of New Loci for Milk Yield, Fat, and Protein in Holstein Cattle

Simple Summary Understanding the genetic architecture underlying milk production traits in cattle is beneficial so that genetic variants can be targeted toward the genetic improvement. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study for milk production and quality traits in Holstein cattle. In the total of ten significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with milk fat and protein, six are located in previously reported quantitative traits locus (QTL) regions. The study not only identified the effect of DGAT1 gene on milk fat and protein but also found several novel candidate genes. In addition, some pleiotropic SNPs and QTLs were identified that associated with more than two traits, these results could provide some basis for molecular breeding in dairy cattle. Abstract High-yield and high-quality of milk are the primary goals of dairy production. Understanding the genetic architecture underlying these milk-related traits is beneficial so that genetic variants can be targeted toward the genetic improvement. In this study, we measured five milk production and quality traits in Holstein cattle population from China. These traits included milk yield, fat, and protein. We used the estimated breeding values as dependent variables to conduct the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Breeding values were estimated through pedigree relationships by using a linear mixed model. Genotyping was carried out on the individuals with phenotypes by using the Illumina BovineSNP150 BeadChip. The association analyses were conducted by using the fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) method. A total of ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected above the genome-wide significant threshold (p < 4.0 × 10−7), including six located in previously reported quantitative traits locus (QTL) regions. We found eight candidate genes within distances of 120 kb upstream or downstream to the associated SNPs. The study not only identified the effect of DGAT1 gene on milk fat and protein, but also discovered novel genetic loci and candidate genes related to milk traits. These novel genetic loci would be an important basis for molecular breeding in dairy cattle.
Variations in CT Utilization, Protocols, and Radiation Doses in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Results from 28 Countries in the IAEA Study

Background There is lack of guidance on specific CT protocols for imaging patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Purpose To assess international variations in CT utilization, protocols, and radiation doses in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Materials and Methods In this retrospective data collection study, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) coordinated a survey between May and July 2020 regarding CT utilization, protocols, and radiation doses from 62 healthcare sites in 34 countries across five continents for CT exams performed in COVID-19 pneumonia. The questionnaire obtained information on local prevalence, method of diagnosis, most frequent imaging, indications for CT, and specific policies on use of CT in COVID-19 pneumonia. Collected data included general information (patient age, weight, clinical indication), CT equipment (CT make and model, year of installation, number of detector rows), scan protocols (body region, scan phases, tube current and potential), and radiation dose descriptors (CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP)). Descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations were performed. Results Data from 782 patients (median age (interquartile range) of 59(15) years) from 54 healthcare sites in 28 countries were evaluated. Less than one-half of the healthcare sites used CT for initial diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia and three-fourth used CT for assessing disease severity. CTDIvol varied based on CT vendors (7-11mGy, p<0.001), number of detector-rows (8-9mGy, p<0.001), year of CT installation (7-10mGy, p=0.006), and reconstruction techniques (7-10mGy, p=0.03). Multiphase chest CT exams performed in 20% of sites (11 of 54) were associated with higher DLP compared with single-phase chest CT exams performed in 80% (43 of 54 sites) (p=0.008). Conclusion CT use, scan protocols, and radiation doses in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia showed wide variation across healthcare sites within the same and different countries. Many patients were scanned multiple times and/or with multiphase CT scan protocols. See also the editorial by Lee.
Seroprevalence of parechovirus A1, A3 and A4 antibodies in Yamagata, Japan, between 1976 and 2017.

Introduction. Although new parechovirus A (PeVA) types, including parechovirus A3 (PeVA3) and PeVA4, have been reported in this century, there have not yet been any seroepidemiological studies on PeVA over a period of several decades.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. The authors hypothesize that PeVA3 and PeVA4 emerged recently.Aims. The aim was to clarify changes in the seroprevalence of PeVA1, PeVA3 and PeVA4.Methodology. Neutralizing antibodies (NT Abs) were measured among residents in Yamagata, Japan in 1976, 1983, 1985, 1990, 1999 and 2017.Results. The total NT Ab-positive rate for PeVA1 was between 90.7 and 100 % for all years analysed, with that for PeVA3 increasing from 39.6 % in 1976 to 69.6 % in 2017, and that for PeVA4 decreasing from 93.9 % in 1976 to 49.1 % in 2017. The distribution of NT Ab titres for PeVA1, PeVA3 and PeVA4 among those aged less than 20 years old was as follows: those ≥1 : 32 for PeVA1 were between 68.0-89.2 % for all years analysed; those ≥1 : 32 for PeVA3 was 15.4 % in 1976, 44.3-54.9 % in 1983-1990 and 64.8-68.0 % in 1999-2017; and those ≥1 : 32 for PeVA4 were between 49.1-67.2 % in 1976-1990, 41.3 % in 1999 and 23.8 % in 2017.Conclusions. Our findings in this seroepidemiological study over four decades suggested that PeVA1 has been stably endemic, while PeVA3 appeared around 1970s and has spread since then as an emerging disease, and occasional PeVA4 infections were common in 1970s and 1980s but have been decreasing for several decades in our community.
A Feasibility Study Using a Machine Learning Suicide Risk Prediction Model Based on Open-Ended Interview Language in Adolescent Therapy Sessions

Background: As adolescent suicide rates continue to rise, innovation in risk identification is warranted. Machine learning can identify suicidal individuals based on their language samples. This feasibility pilot was conducted to explore this technology’s use in adolescent therapy sessions and assess machine learning model performance. Method: Natural language processing machine learning models to identify level of suicide risk using a smartphone app were tested in outpatient therapy sessions. Data collection included language samples, depression and suicidality standardized scale scores, and therapist impression of the client’s mental state. Previously developed models were used to predict suicidal risk. Results: 267 interviews were collected from 60 students in eight schools by ten therapists, with 29 students indicating suicide or self-harm risk. During external validation, models were trained on suicidal speech samples collected from two separate studies. We found that support vector machines (AUC: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.69–0.81) and logistic regression (AUC: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.70–0.82) lead to good discriminative ability, with an extreme gradient boosting model performing the best (AUC: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.72–0.84). Conclusion: Voice collection technology and associated procedures can be integrated into mental health therapists’ workflow. Collected language samples could be classified with good discrimination using machine learning methods.
Sustainable, affordable and functional: reimagining prosthetic liners in resource limited environments

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate function and performance of unilateral trans-tibial prosthesis users wearing an affordable liner in three types of socket designs. Methods Five unilateral trans-tibial amputees participated, were provided an Affordable Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate Roll-On liner (AERO) roll-on liner with patella tendon bearing (PTB) prosthesis, PE-Lite liner with PTB prosthesis, and an (AERO) liner with total-surface bearing (TSB) prosthesis. A battery of outcome measures; step-counts, socket comfort score (SCS), orthotics prosthetics user survey (OPUS) and socket pressure measurement during walking were administered. Results Comparisons of step-counts indicated that PTB-AERO (3604 ± 815) was not significantly different than PTB-PE-Lite (3386 ± 942). Mean SCS was 9.2 ± . 83 and 7.2 ± 2.1 for PTB-AERO and PTB-PE-Lite. A 6.6% decrease in mean peak pressure was observed between PTB-PE-Lite and TSB-AERO, and 3.2% difference between PTB-PE-Lite and PTB-AERO. Conclusion An affordable ($20 USD) and sustainably fabricated prosthesis liner was created and evaluated in trans-tibial prosthesis users. These initial results garner preliminary support for use of the AERO prosthetic liner and continued research. Implications for rehabilitation Lower limb prosthetics in less-resourced settings can leverage locally sourced and affordable materials to fabricate roll-on liners for use in modern prosthetic sockets. The cost of the AERO liner is markedly lower than current standard of care gel liners, yet still facilitates use of current prosthetic sockets.
Review of Cardiac Involvement in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19) is a recently described infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with significant cardiovascular implications. Although infection with SARS-CoV-2 is usually mild in children, some children later develop a severe inflammatory disease that can have manifestations similar to toxic shock syndrome or Kawasaki disease. This syndrome has been defined by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Although the prevalence is unknown, there have been more than 300 cases reported in the literature. MIS-C appears to be more common in Black and Hispanic children in the US. MIS-C typically occurs a few weeks after acute infection and the putative etiology is a dysregulated inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Persistent fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are the most common symptoms. Cardiac manifestations are common including ventricular dysfunction, coronary artery dilation and aneurysms, arrhythmia and conduction abnormalities. Severe cases can present in vasodilatory or cardiogenic shock requiring fluid resuscitation, inotropic support, and in the most severe cases mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Empiric treatments have aimed at reversing the inflammatory response using immunomodulatory medications. Intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids and other immunomodulatory agents have been frequently used. Most patients recover within days to a couple of weeks and mortality is rare, although the medium- and long-term sequelae, particularly cardiovascular complications, are not yet known. This review describes the published data on MIS-C, focusing on cardiac complications, and provides clinical considerations for cardiac evaluation and follow-up.
Negative Is True Here and Now, But Not So Much There and Then

Abstract. How do people judge the veracity of a message? The negativity bias in judgments of truth describes the phenomenon that the same message is more likely judged as true when framed negatively compared to positively. This manuscript investigates the negativity bias in conditions of psychological proximity and the possibility that the bias decreases when distance increases. This notion is informed by construal level theory, which holds that negative information is more salient and weighed more strongly in conditions of psychological proximity compared to distance. Against this background, we hypothesize that a negativity bias likely occurs in conditions of proximity. With increasing psychological distance, however, positively compared to negatively framed information is more likely to be judged true, therefore attenuating or even reversing the bias. Two studies provide preliminary yet weak support for this hypothesis. A final registered study put the preliminary conclusions to a critical test and yielded consistent results: We find a significant interaction between frame and distance, indicating a descriptive trend for a negativity bias in conditions of proximity, yet a positivity bias in conditions of distance. This interaction illustrates that psychological distance may impact the negativity bias in truth judgments.
Nicotine Dependence and Loss of Autonomy among Greek Adolescent Smokers: A Countrywide Cross-Sectional Study

Nicotine dependence is one of the main reasons for the continuation of smoking among adolescents. Loss of autonomy (LOA) is a measure of dependence. This study is the first to investigate LOA and its determinants among Greek adolescents. In 2013, 13-to-15-year-old middle-school students were selected by multi-stage clustered sampling. LOA was evaluated with the Hooked-on-Nicotine Checklist (HONC). Multiple univariate analysis was used to assess the association between adolescent demographics, smoking habits, and loss of autonomy. Three-hundred thirty-nine current smokers responded to the questionnaire (response rate: 82.3%). Of these respondents, 51.2% were male and 88.8% reported at least one LOA symptom. The mean HONC score was 4.13/10 (95% CI: 3.82–4.45). Higher scores were negatively associated with lower smoking frequency (cumulative odds ratio (cOR): 0.240, 95% CI: 0.144–0.400) and positively associated with lower age at first cigarette (cOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.38–3.82). Female gender was significantly associated with the prevalence but not the degree of LOA. Overall, the prevalence and the degree of nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers in Greece is similar to other countries. Frequent smoking and initiation of smoking at a younger age are linked to nicotine dependence, although it was not possible to make causal inferences. The relationship between nicotine dependence and gender remains unclear.
The Landscape of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Membrane-Associated Proteins

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell envelope-associated proteins play a relevant role in infection mechanisms. They can contribute to the antibiotic resistance of the bacterial cells and be involved in the interaction with host cells. Thus, studies contributing to elucidating these key molecular elements are of great importance to find alternative therapeutics. Methods: Proteins and peptides were extracted by different methods and analyzed by Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) approach. Proteomic data were processed by Discoverer2.1 software and multivariate statistics, i.e., Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), while the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) resources were used to predict antigenicity and immunogenicity of experimental identified peptides and proteins. Results: The combination of 29 MudPIT runs allowed the identification of 10,611 peptides and 2539 distinct proteins. Following application of extraction methods enriching specific protein domains, about 15% of total identified peptides were classified in trans inner-membrane, inner-membrane exposed, trans outer-membrane and outer-membrane exposed. In this scenario, nine outer membrane proteins (OprE, OprI, OprF, OprD, PagL, OprG, PA1053, PAL and PA0833) were predicted to be highly antigenic. Thus, they were further processed and epitopes target of T cells (MHC Class I and Class II) and B cells were predicted. Conclusion: The present study represents one of the widest characterizations of the P. aeruginosa membrane-associated proteome. The feasibility of our method may facilitates the investigation of other bacterial species whose envelope exposed protein domains are still unknown. Besides, the stepwise prioritization of proteome, by combining experimental proteomic data and reverse vaccinology, may be useful for reducing the number of proteins to be tested in vaccine development.
The Psychometric Properties of the Prioritizing Positivity Scale

Abstract The tendency to use pleasant states as a key criterion for how to structure daily life is called prioritizing positivity and has been measured with a 6-item scale. The Prioritizing Positivity Scale (PPS) is increasingly being used by researchers, but a comprehensive examination of its psychometric quality remains absent from the literature. Using three independent samples of adults (study 1: n = 176, study 2: n = 226, study 3: n = 240), we tested the scale’s (1) factor structure, (2) reliability, (3) convergent and discriminant validity, and (4) measurement invariance. Results suggested that the 6th item was problematic (low factor loading, conceptually distinct from other items) and when removed, a single-factor structure was appropriate. The revised 5-item PPS demonstrated satisfactory reliability, construct validity and measurement invariance. The revised 5-item PPS offers a brief and valid way to measure a personality difference shown to predict well-being.
Nursing personality and features in children with autism spectrum disorder aged 0–2: an exploratory case-control study

ABSTRACT Aim Although studies have investigated relationships between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and breastfeeding duration, information concerning these children’s nursing styles is limited. This study investigated nursing personality and features and ASD. Method One hundred forty-one children aged 24–72 months diagnosed with ASD and 128 healthy children were included. Information concerning the family’s sociodemographic characteristics and the child’s developmental stages was obtained through forms prepared by the authors and from hospital records. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to determine symptom severity in ASD. Development levels of children with ASD were determined using the Denver Developmental Screening Test 2nd Edition (DDST II). Results Mothers of children with ASD reported higher rates of unintended pregnancies (p = 0.029) [2.380*(1.093–5.182)]. Children with ASD exhibited less nursing strike (NS) behavior (p = 0.042) [0.388(0.156–0.967)] and less eye contact during breastfeeding (ECDB) (p = 0.009) [2.300(1.236–4.282)]. NS reduced the risk of ASD 2.6-fold, while absence of ECDB increased the risk 2.3-fold, and unintended pregnancy increased the risk 2.4-fold. Higher CARS scores were determined in children with ASD with vaginal delivery histories (p = 0.041) and histories of incubation (p = 0.025). Lack of ECDB was associated with decreased social and gross motor scores at DDST-II (p = 0.005). Conclusion Babies with ASD began breastfeeding at least as early as typically developing peers and for similar lengths of time. However, babies with ASD exhibited less NS behavior and less eye contact during breastfeeding. Babies with ASD perceive no emotional cues even in the first months, and may therefore not exhibit NS behavior.