Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Article Alteration of Visual Perception Prior to Microsaccades

SUMMARY Gaze fixation is an active process, with the incessant occurrence of tiny eye movements, including micro-saccades. While the retinal consequences of micro-saccades may be presumed minimal because of their minute size, a significant perceptual consequence of these movements can also stem from active extraretinal mechanisms associated with corollaries of their motor generation. Here I show that prior to microsaccade onset, spatial perception is altered in a very specific manner: foveal stimuli are erroneously perceived as more eccentric, whereas peripheral stimuli are rendered more foveal. The mechanism for this perceptual ''compression of space'' is consistent with a spatially specific gain modulation of visual representations caused by the upcoming eye movements, as is hypothesized to happen for much larger saccades. I then demonstrate that this perimicrosaccadic perceptual alteration has at least one important functional consequence: it mediates visual-performance alterations similar to ones classically attributed to the cognitive process of covert visual attention.
LOWER CRETACEOUS REBBACHISAURID SAUROPODS FROM CERRO AGUADA DEL LEÓN (LOHAN CURA FORMATION), NEUQUÉN PROVINCE, NORTHWESTERN PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA

Abstract We describe sauropod material from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) Puesto Quiroga Member of the Lohan Cura Formation, exposed at the Cerro Aguada del León locality (La Picaza area, Neuquén Province, Argentina). The remains consist of disarticulated elements of at least three individuals, and are assigned to an indeterminate species of the rebbachisaurid diplodocoid Limaysaurus gen. nov. Elements from various parts of the skeleton are represented: a tooth, partial dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, a haemal arch, coracoid, humerus, ilium, pubes, ischium, femora, a tibia fragment, and an incomplete fibula. The Lohan Cura specimens are strongly reminiscent of corresponding elements in the holotype of Limaysaurus tessonei (=“Rebbachisaurus” tessonei, “Rayososaurus” tessonei) from the overlying Upper Cretaceous (lower Cenomanian) Candeleros Formation. We evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of Limaysaurus gen. nov. and other diplodocoids, and provide hypotheses regarding sauropod evolution during the Cretaceous.
Identification and Structure Determination of Novel Anti-inflammatory Mediator Resolvin E3, 17,18-Dihydroxyeicosapentaenoic Acid*

Background: Endogenous mediators that control aberrant inflammation are of interest as potential targets of new therapeutics. Results: Here, we identified a novel omega-3 fatty acid-derived anti-inflammatory mediator 17,18-diHEPE, denoted as resolvin E3. Conclusion: Resolvin E3 has a potent inhibitory action on neutrophil chemotaxis both in vitro and in vivo. Significance: The significance of this study is the identification of a novel endogenous lipid mediator with a potent anti-inflammatory property. Bioactive mediators derived from omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) elicit potent anti-inflammatory actions. Here, we identified novel EPA metabolites, including 8,18-dihydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (8,18-diHEPE), 11,18-diHEPE, 12,18-diHEPE, and 17,18-diHEPE from 18-HEPE. Unlike resolvins E1 and E2, both of which are biosynthesized by neutrophils via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, these metabolites are biosynthesized by eosinophils via the 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway. Among them, two stereoisomers of 17,18-diHEPE, collectively termed resolvin E3 (RvE3), displayed a potent anti-inflammatory action by limiting neutrophil infiltration in zymosan-induced peritonitis. The planar structure of RvE3 was unambiguously determined to be 17,18-dihydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15E-EPE by high resolution NMR, and the two stereoisomers were assigned to have 17,18R- and 17,18S-dihydroxy groups, respectively, using chemically synthesized 18R- and 18S-HEPE as precursors. Both 18R- and 18S-RvE3 inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro at low nanomolar concentrations. These findings suggest that RvE3 contributes to the beneficial actions of EPA in controlling inflammation and related diseases.
New ties between the Alexander terrane and Wrangellia and implications for North America Cordilleran evolution

Two large tectonic terranes, Alexander and Wrangellia, at the northwestern margin of North America, have long been considered exotic to each other and the rest of the northern Cordillera. Pennsylvanian plutons tie the two terranes together, but their seemingly dissimilar geological character led most workers to believe the two evolved separately before and after the Pennsylvanian. New chemical abrasion zircon U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and other geological evidence from Paleozoic magmatic rocks in Yukon, Canada, suggest that the terranes evolved together by the late Paleozoic and that the Alexander terrane partially forms the basement to a portion of Wrangellia. Large ca. 363 Ma gabbro complexes have non-arc geochemical signatures and intrude both terranes. Volcanic rocks near the base of northern Wrangellia are ca. 352 Ma and have back-arc to N-MORB geochemical signatures. At higher stratigraphic levels, Wrangellia contains abundant Mississippian to Pennsylvanian arc volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks (Skolai arc). Similar-aged arc/back-arc rocks are found in the southern part of Wrangellia (Sicker arc) and are interpreted as the southern extension of the Skolai arc. We propose that the gabbros represent the initiation of extension through an arc located at the margin of the Alexander terrane (Skolai/Sicker arc system). Extension progressed enough to deposit basalts within a back-arc basin setting. Subduction reversal closed the basin and rejuvenated the arc in the Pennsylvanian. Collision of the arc with the Alexander terrane led to exhumation and deposition of conglomerates unconformably on top of the gabbros. The evolution of the Alexander terrane and Wrangellia proposed here is broadly similar to the Late Devonian plate tectonic history along the northwestern Laurentian margin and is likely part of the same chain of arcs/back-arcs.
Sensitivity of the North Atlantic to Surface Forcing in an Ocean General Circulation Model

The sensitivity of the circulation and surface properties of the North Atlantic to different forms of surface forcing is investigated using a Bryan and Cox type model. Forcing taking the form of heat and freshwater fluxes calculated using bulk aerodynamic formulae (with an effective salt flux representing freshwater forcing) failed to simulate the low salinity region in the Labrador Sea and north of the Gulf Stream. By contrast, the use of this form of surface forcing, but with direct freshwater forcing and transport instead of the more commonly used salt flux, reproduces the low salinity in these regions and gives a circulation in good agreement with that obtained using the robust diagnostic mode. Since coupled climate models currently use an artificial salt flux form for the freshwater fluxes between ocean and atmosphere, the poor performance of this surface forcing reported here has significant implications for climate prediction.
Antenatal mind-mindedness and its relationship to maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women

Abstract In this study, researchers aimed to investigate whether a relationship exists between maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) and antenatal mind-mindedness in a sample of Australian pregnant women (n = 43). Participants completed the Maternal Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS) in their second and third trimester, and a modified ‘describe your baby’ interview with the inclusion of general prompts as a measure of antenatal mind-mindedness in their third trimester. Positive correlations were observed between mental comments, but not total predictions, made by women during the modified antenatal mind-mindedness task and MFAS scores at the second and third trimesters. An average of 6.07 total predictions and 1.30 mental predictions were made before prompts, increasing to 17.65 total comments and 6.58 mental comments after prompts. Prompts within the mind-mindedness task resulted in 42 participants making at least one mental prediction (M = 6.58). Our findings provide the first evidence for a relationship between MFA and antenatal mind-mindedness, and highlight the importance of considering mind-mindedness during pregnancy in the developing bond from mother to baby.
Hypothesized climate forcing time series for the last 500 years

A new compilation of annually resolved time series of atmospheric trace gas concentrations, solar irradiance, tropospheric aerosol optical depth, and stratospheric (volcanic) aerosol optical depth is presented for use in climate modeling studies of the period 1500 to 1999 A.D. Atmospheric CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O concentrations over this period are well established on the basis of fossil air trapped in ice cores and instrumental measurements over the last few decades. Estimates of solar irradiance, ranging between 1364.2 and 1368.2 W/m 2 , are presented using calibrated historical observations of the Sun back to 1610, along with cosmogenic isotope variations extending back to 1500. Tropospheric aerosol distributions are calculated by scaling the modern distribution of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol optical depths back to 1860 using reconstructed regional CO 2 emissions; prior to 1860 the anthropogenic tropospheric aerosol optical depths are assumed to be zero. Finally, the first continuous, annually dated record of zonally averaged stratospheric (volcanic) optical depths back to 1500 is constructed using sulfate flux data from multiple ice cores from both Greenland and Antarctica, in conjunction with historical and instrumental (satellite and pyrheliometric) observations. The climate forcings generated here are currently being used as input to a suite of transient (time dependent) paleoclimate model simulations of the past 500 years. These forcings are also available for comparison with instrumental and proxy paleoclimate data of the same period.
Hepatitis C virus infection and risk of cancer: a population-based cohort study

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with an increased risk of primary liver cancer; however, 5- and 10-year risk estimates are needed. The association of HCV with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is uncertain and the association with other cancers is unknown. Method: We conducted a nationwide, population-based cohort study of 4,349 HCV-infected patients in Denmark, computing standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of cancer incidence in HCV infected patients compared with cancer incidence of the general population. We calculated 5- and 10-year risks of developing cancer, stratifying our analyses based on the presence of HIV coinfection and cirrhosis. Results: We recorded an increased risk of primary liver cancer (SIR: 76.63 [95% CI: 51.69–109.40]), NHL (SIR: 1.89 [95% CI: 0.39–5.52]), and several smoking- and alcohol-related cancers in HCV infected patients without HIV coinfection. HCV-infected patients without HIV coinfection had a 6.3% (95% CI: 4.6%–8.7%) risk of developing cancer and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.1%–3.8%) risk of developing primary liver cancer within 10 years. Conclusion: We confirmed the association of HCV infection with primary liver cancer and NHL. We also observed an association between HCV infection and alcohol- and smoking-related cancers.
Origin and recycling processes of precipitating water over the Eurasian continent: Experiments using an atmospheric general circulation model

By using an atmospheric general circulation model, origin and transport processes of water in the atmosphere-land system are examined. The water vapor and the land-surface water in the model are tagged according to the geographical regions of water input (evaporation) and are separately treated. The results are examined focusing on the water cycle over the Eurasian continent. In the winter season, most of the precipitating water over the Eurasian continent is supplied by evaporation from the oceans. On the other hand, the precipitating water in the summer is mostly supplied by the evaporation from the continental surface, indicating active recycling of water between the atmosphere and the land in this season. Considering that the water in the continental surface should be supplied from the oceans sometime before, the history of the water from its origin (evaporation from the oceans) is examined, by separately treating the components of the soil water and the snow according to the geographical regions of the origin. Two additional types of tracers are included in order to determine the timescale of the transport and the frequency of the recycling between the atmosphere and the land. The results show that the main origin of water in the northern part of the Eurasian continent is the Northern Atlantic Ocean and that in the southern part is the Northern Indian Ocean. In the southern part the mean age of the precipitating water since its origin is 1 month or shorter, and the mean count of recycling is less than one, indicating that the water comming directly from the oceans by atmospheric transport is dominant. In the northern inland part in summer, however, the mean age is 3 months or longer, and the mean count of recycling is above two. These results suggest that a significant portion of the precipitating water in inland Eurasia in the summer originals in the Atlantic Ocean in the previous winter and is transported eastward with a few recycling cycles between the atmosphere and the continental surface.
Detrital Modes of Recent Deep‐Sea Sands and their Relation to Tectonic Setting: A First Approximation

Complete petrographic analyses of modern deep-sea sands are surprisingly rare, but are needed if problems such as the influence of tectonics on petrology, or changes in petrology due to diagenesis, are to be understood in ancient sandstones. This paper is a first attempt, using data from our own study of 80 sands plus data from the literature, to establish a baseline for modern deep-sea sands with which ancient sandstones can be compared. We assigned sands to five plate-tectonic categories, each of which has a distinct average petrologic composition: (1) basins associated with trailing-edge continental margins, Q62F26L12; (2) with leading-edge continental margins, either subduction, Q16F53L31, or (3) strike-slip, Q34F39L27; (4) back-arc basins, Q20F29L51; (5) fore-arc basins, Q8F17L75. The amount and type of lithic fragments and the type of feldspar are particularly important discriminators, the amount of quartz less so. Trailing-edge and fore-arc basins have quite distinctive compositions, but back-arc basins and basins near the two types of leading-edge margins show some overlap, and thus may be hard to differentiate in ancient sandstones.
The Seismicity in the Eastern Marmara Sea after the 17 August 1999 İzmit Earthquake

We used seismic stations that we deployed after the Izmit earthquake along the shores and islands of the Izmit Bay-Cinarcik basin to study the seismic activity that took place after the earthquake in the eastern Marmara Sea. The aftershock distribution indicates the existence of three clusters of activity there in the days that followed the earthquake. One of the clusters shows the extension of the E-W-trending Izmit rupture into the eastern Marmara Sea. The seismic activity there clearly outlines the fault plane of the main rupture and shows its termination 35 km beyond the Hersek peninsula. Two other clusters of activity are present in the region. One is in the Armutlu peninsula and the other one is located a few kilometers southwest of the Tuzla peninsula beneath the northern slope of the Cinarcik basin. The focal mechanism solutions indicate strike-slip faulting along the main branch of the Izmit rupture and normal faulting within the two swarms. The presence of the different mechanisms suggests the existence of slip partitioning in the region. A remarkable feature of the aftershock data is the absence of seismicity above 4 km in the Marmara Sea. Manuscript received 30 August 2000.
Patient-Centered Medicine: Transforming the Clinical Method

Introduction - Moira Stewart and W Wayne Weston Why We Need a New Clinical Method - Ian R McWhinney PART ONE: THE CONCEPTS Overview of the Patient-Centered Clinical Method - W Wayne Weston and Judith Belle Brown The First Component - Judith Belle Brown, W Wayne Weston and Moira Stewart Exploring both the Disease and the Illness Experience Being Understood: Case Illustrating Component 1 - Judith Belle Brown, W Wayne Weston and Moira Stewart The Second Component - Judith Belle Brown and W Wayne Weston Understanding the Whole Person Lost Dreams: Case Illustrating Component 2 - Judith Belle Brown The Third Component - Judith Belle Brown, W Wayne Weston and Moira Stewart Finding Common Ground Breaking the Habit is Hard to Do: Case Illustrating Component 3 - Martin J Bass and Judith Belle Brown The Fourth Component - Carol L McWilliam and Thomas R Freeman Incorporating Prevention and Health Promotion "An Ounce of Prevention.A Pound of Cure": First Case Illustrating Component 4 - Thomas R Freeman, Moira Stewart and Judith Belle Brown Choices and Chances - Whose Responsibility? : Second Case Illustrating Component 4 - Carol L McWilliam and Judith Belle Brown The Fifth Component - Moira Stewart, Judith Belle Brown and Ian R McWhinney Enhancing the Relationship Control and Reassurance: Case Illustrating Component 5 - Moira Stewart, Judith Belle Brown and W Wayne Weston The Sixth Component - Judith Belle Brown, Carol L McWilliam and W Wayne Weston Being Realistic "Show Me the Way to Go Home": Case Illustrating Component 6 - Carol L McWilliam, Judith Belle Brown and John Yaphe PART TWO: LEARNING AND TEACHING Teaching the Patient-Centered Method - W Wayne Weston and Judith Belle Brown The Human Dimensions of Medical Education Dealing with Common Difficulties in Learning and Teaching the Patient-Centered Method - W Wayne Weston and Judith Belle Brown Teaching the Patient-Centered Method - W Wayne Weston and Judith Belle Brown Instructional Methods Teaching the Patient-Centered Method - W Wayne Weston and Judith Belle Brown Practical Tips The Case Report as a Teaching Tool for Patient-Centered Communication - Thomas R Freeman PART THREE: RESEARCH ON PATIENT-CENTERED COMMUNICATION Studies of Health Outcomes and Patient-Centered Communication - Moira Stewart Methods of Scoring Patient-Centeredness - Moira Stewart Qualitative Approaches that Illuminate Patient-Centered Care - Carol L McWilliam Patient-Doctor Relationships over Time - Moira Stewart Conclusion: Opportunities for the Future - Moira Stewart
Spectrum of the geomagnetic activity index Ap

Abstract : The ionospheric propagation of high-frequency radio waves is profoundly influenced by the variations of sunspot numbers and of geomagnetic activity. Thus, details of these variations, and of the relationship between them, has practical application. The variation of the geomagnetic activity index Ap over the 38-year interval January, 1932 through January, 1970 differs in several important characteristics from the variation of sunspot numbers over the same interval. A spectral analysis approach was used d to investigate this variation of AP, as well as its relation to the variation of sunspot numbers. The data analyzed consisted of the 457 monthly average AP indices (AP) for the interval and the corresponding observed monthly sunspot numbers. Several large samples of the original daily Ap indices were also analyzed. Two of the latter samples covered 11-year intervals (April 1, 1944 - June 2, 1955; and June 1, 1956 - July 31, 1967) and the third covered a 23-year interval (April 1, 1944 - December, 1967).
Evaluation of QT Dispersion in Children with Breath Holding Spells

Objective Breath holding spells (BHS) are common involuntary reflexes in infancy and early childhood. Differential diagnosis should embrace Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) and paroxysmal abnormalities of rhythm. The aim of this study was to compare QT dispersion (QTd) in children with breath holding spells and normal controls. Materials & Methods QT dispersion and Corrected QT(QTc) dispersion were measured in 12 lead surface electrocardiograms in 56 patients with BHS and compared with healthy children of the same age referred to the clinic for regular checkup visits. Results The most common type of BHS was cyanotic (83.9%). Seven patients (12.5%) had pallid and two patients (3.5%) had mixed spells. There was a history of breath holding spells in 33.9% of the children. QT dispersion was 61.6± 22.5 and 47.1±18.8 ms in patient and control groups, respectively. QTc dispersion (QTcd) was 104 ± 29.6 and 71.9 ±18.2 ms, respectively. There was a significant difference between patient and control groups in terms of QTd and QTcd (P<0.001). Conclusion QTd and QTcd were increased in children with BHS. Therefore, the evaluation of EKG for early diagnosis of rhythm abnormalities seems reasonable in these children.
Can welcoming residents increase tourist satisfaction?

Several studies examine residents' attitudes towards tourism development. Similarly, significant research explores the determinants of tourist satisfaction and its effects in planning policies for tourism. The purpose of this study is to establish a connection between these lines of research, showing how the local population may impact upon the way tourists perceive a destination. This study was conducted in the tourist region of Algarve, Portugal, and involves four municipalities bearing different characteristics. Results from statistical analyses show that tourists lodging in municipalities where residents are more positive to tourism experience greater receptiveness and are more satisfied with the tourist experience. The implications for tourism management in heterogeneous tourism regions are discussed.
REPLY to “On the extended Burr XII distribution”

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