Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK ORGANOLEPTIK DAN KIMIA BISKUIT MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour)

The purpose of the research was to analyse the effect of Moringa leaf flour on the organoleptic and chemical properties of mocaf biscuit. A completely randomized experimental design was applied with single factor having a levels of flour adition, P1 (0:100), P2 (3:100), P3 (6:100) dan P4 (9:100). Result showed that nutritional content of moringa leaf flour on moisture, protein, vitamin C and carbohydrate contents were 9.57%, 26.02%, 1.2% and 51.91% respectively. Mocaf biscuit made of P2 (3:100) was found to be the best product with the moisture, ash, fat, protein, vitamin C, and carbohydrate content of 2.74%, 1.41%, 2.20%, 11.15%, 10.12%, 0.25% and 72.12% subsequently. The biscuit made with this P2 result in organoleptic properties that were mostly prefered by panelists on colour (3.20), aroma (3.22), texture (3.32), taste (3.20) and overall (3.41). Keywords: biscuit, mocaf, moringa leaf flour ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh penambahan tepung daun kelor terhadap karakteristik organoleptic dan kimia biskuit mocaf. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktor Tunggal dengan 1 taraf perlakuan penambahan tepung daun kelor (P) dan tepung mocaf dengan tiga kali ulangan. Taraf perlakuan dalam penelitian yaitu: P1 (0:100), P2 (3:100), P3 (6:100), dan P4(9:100). Hasil penelitian menghasilkan kandungan gizi tepung daun kelor yaitu: 9,57% kadar air, 7,85% kadar abu, 4,03% kadar serat, 2,52% kadar lemak, 26,02% kadar protein, 1,92% kadar vitamin C dan 51,91% kadar karbohidrat, sedangkan biskuit mocaf dengan perlakuan P2 (3:100) memiliki 2,74% kadar air, 1,41% kadar abu, 2,20% kadar serat, 11,52% kadar lemak, 10,12% kadar protein, 0,25% kadar vitamin C, dan 72,38%. Hasil uji organoleptik, panelis menyukai biskuit mocaf untuk tingkat kesukaan terhadap warna 3,20 (suka), aroma 3,22 (suka), tekstur 3,32 (suka), rasa 3,20 (suka), dan overall 3,41 (suka). Kata kunci: biskuit, mocaf, tepung daun kelor
Effects of Quince Seed Mucilage and Green Tea Extract as Active Edible Coatings on Quality of Pacific White Shrimps During Cold Storage

Background and Objectives: Shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) include high market prices and nutritional values; therefore, they are important aquatic resources worldwide. However, the shelf life of shrimps is limited due to microbiological deterioration during their storage. In recent years, several methods have been used to improve the quality of shrimps during cold storage. One of the most important methods includes use of edible coatings. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess effects of active edible coatings from quince seed mucilage and green tea extract (as an antimicrobial antioxidant compounds) on physicochemical and quality properties of shrimps during cold storage. Materials and Methods: This study assessed effects of quince seed mucilage (QSM) coating combined with green tea extract (GTE) on color, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), texture and microbial quality of the Pacific white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) within 10 days of cold storage. Results: Results showed that pH and TVB-N values significantly increased (p<0.05) in shrimps treated with QSM coating combined with GTE. Hardness and springiness of the shrimps were improved by increasing the concentration of GTE, compared to controls. Total aerobic plate counts of the shrimps treated by QSM coating combined with GTE were lower than those of controls. The total color difference (∆E) of the controls was lowest than that of other treatments at the end of the storage time. The a* value of the shrimps decreased from -0.87±0.21 to -5.05±1.08 (showing the attitude to greenness) and the b* values increased from 1.44±0.84 to 16.47±1.61 (showing the attitude to yellowness). Conclusions: These results have suggested that the QSM and GTE coating can decrease spoilage and decomposition that cause quality loss of shrimps.
The effect of Alcoholic plant (tribulus terrestris) extract on the bacteria isolated from genital tract of infertile cows in vitro

Out of Two hundred swabs collected from genital tract of infertile cows during the period between7/1/2012 to 30/6-2012. Cultured on Blood agar, Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and Mannitol salt agar. 195 swab represented (97.5%) give positive result and 5 swab (2.5%) give negative result. from the positive culture 78 isolated (39%) mixed bacterial infection. All bacteria isolates were identified by using different biochemical tests and API-20E, the single bacterial isolation in this study were Esherichia coli 41.8%, Staphylococcus aureus36.8%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa17%, Citrobacter braakii1.7%, Providencia rettergi1.7% and Shewanella putrefaciens 0.9%. In mixed bacterial isolation, the highest percentage was 53.8% Staphylococcus + Esherishia coli aureus and the lowest percentage was 1.3% Esherishia coli + Citrobacter braakii + Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility test were carried out on bacterial isolates using 10 single antibiotic discs of commonly used drug, the test showed that most bacterial isolated resist for most antibiotics (Amikacin, Amoxicillin, Nalidix acid, (Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid), Cefixime, Ceftriaxone, Tetracycline, Nitrofurantoin, Norfloxacin and Gentamycin) on the other hand observed sensitive for alcoholic plant tribulus terrestris extract (fruit) in different concentrations
DIAGNOSIS AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL FERTILITY AND CROP PRODUCTION IN A TEAK AREA IN EASTERN PARÁ STATE.

This study aims to generate the diagnosis and spatial variability maps of soil fertility attributes, as well as teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) production through geostatistics. The study was conducted on a commercial farm in the municipality of Capitão Poço, state of Pará, Brazil. Soil and yield data were collected from 155 sampled georeferenced points and 143 were used in the study (after outlier removal). The collected soil samples were submitted to laboratory analysis to obtain the values of the following variables: pH, organic matter (OM), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K), available phosphorus (P), aluminum (Al), Base Sum (BS), cation exchange capacity at pH 7.0 (T), effective cation exchange capacity (t), base saturation (V%) and aluminum saturation (m %). Thereafter a diagnosis, linear correlation univariate and geostatistical analysis were applied in the resulting data. The univariate statistics showed that normal distribution is not required when evaluating spatial variability of chemical and production variables. Soil fertility diagnosis showed K, OM and P as the most limiting parameters in the commercial teak plot and the importance to fertilize forest areas. Positive correlation was found between P, OM, K with volume per tree. All soil fertility and teak volume variables showed spatial dependence, which enabled the production of spatial variability maps. The variability maps showed to be used complementary with univariate statistics to enable more precise interventions in a teak production area, as it showed the shortage of K in the area and the relation of P and volume per tree. v.26 n.1 2020 DIAGNOSIS AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL FERTILITY AND CROP PRODUCTION IN EASTERN PARÁ STATE
Helminths of Mustelids with Overlapping Ecological Niches: Eurasian Otter Lutra Lutra (Linnaeus, 1758), American Mink Neovison Vison Schreber, 1777, and European Polecat Mustela Putorius Linnaeus, 1758

Summary This study presents the helminthological data on three mustelid species with overlapping ecological niches in Lithuania. In general, 14 helminth species or higher taxa were reported from all mustelids: Isthmiophora melis, Strigea strigis metacercariae, Pseudamphistomum truncatum, Alaria alata mesocercariae, Phyllodistomum folium, Opisthorchis felineus, Metametorchis skrjabini, Mesocestoides sp. , Taenia martis, Aonchotheca putorii, Crenosoma schachmatovae, Eucoleus aerophilus, Molineus patens, and Nematoda g. sp. The largest number of helminths was detected in M. putorius (11) and N. vison (10) from wetlands; 7 helminths were detected in M. putorius from forests, and 8 in N. vison and 4 in L. lutra from water bodies. Habitat-related differences were found in the abundance and prevalence of E. aerophilus in M. putorius. M. putorius has higher indices of infection by I. melis, S. strigis metacercariae, and E. aerophilus compared to N. vison in wetlands. Differences in the abundance and prevalence of P. truncatum among N. vison and L. lutra in water bodies have been observed. Helminths detected in N. vison in the present study are native European parasites.
Estudio molecular en harinas de Oxalis tuberosa obtenidas mediante diferentes condiciones de secado

El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer los principales cambios fisicoquímicos de la harina elaborada con Oxalis tuberosa mediante dos condiciones de secado: liofilización y secado con calor. Se realizaron los siguientes estudios: la microscopía electrónica de barrido mostró formas ovoide y elíptica en los gránulos de almidón. Con difracción de rayos láser el tamaño de partícula al 50% (Dv50) de la harina obtenida por liofilización (HL) fue: 48.5 µm y para la harina obtenida por secado con calor de convección (HS) de 75.92 µm, presentando una distribución bimodal las harinas. Los estudios con difracción de rayos X reportaron diferencias en el porcentaje de cristalinidad obteniéndose valores de 55.97% para HL y de 43.49 % para HS. Los valores de luminosidad (L) fueron de 65.35 y 68.23 para HS y HL respectivamente. Los valores rojo/verde (a*) y amarillo/azul (b*) mostraron la mayor rojez en HL y la mayor amarillez en HS. Las viscosidades pico fueron en HL de 2976 cP y HS de 2776.25 cP.
Linear Alkylbenzenes (LABs) in Urban Riverine and Coastal Sediments and Their Usefulness as a Molecular Indicator of Domestic Wastes

Linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS) were measured in river and coastal (bay) sediments in Tokyo metropolitan area. LABs are widely distributed in the sediments with concentrations of a few µ g/g-dry sediments. LAS contents in sediments are extremely low in Tokyo Bay (~ 0.01µg/g) as compared with those in the rivers (hundreds µg/g). This fact indicates the higher persistency of LABs in the riverine and coastal sediments. The progressive relative depletion of external isomers (in which the phenyl group is attached near to the end of the alkyl chain) was observed on going from the source (i.e. LABs in commercial LAS-detergents) to Tokyo Bay sediments. An incubation experiment substantiated that the isomeric change of LABs is caused by selective microbial degradation. The I/E ratio (ratio of [6-C12 AB + 5-C12 AB] relative to [4-C12 AB + 3-C12 AB + 2-C12]; n-Cm : n indicates the position of substitution of phenyl group to alkyl chain and m indicates the number of carbons in the alkyl chain) was proposed as an index of LAB degradation. I/E ratio of LABs in Tokyo Bay sediments indicates the degree of degradation of LABs to be 50 % at most.
Fipronil-induced decrease in the epididymal sperm count: oxidative effect and protection by vitamin E

The toxic effects of the insecticide fipronil on the sperm production and oxidative damage in the testis were evaluated, as well as the protective action of vitamin E. Male rats received vehicle or fipronil 5 mg/kg and fipronil 5 mg/kg + vitamin E 100 mg/kg for 14 days. Thereafter, the sperm concentration in the epididymis and parameters of oxidative damage in the homogenate of testicles were assessed. Fipronil reduced epidydimal sperm count. The activity of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme increased and that of catalase was reduced in the testis. Also, a reduction in GSH and an increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde were observed in the animals treated with fipronil. The vitamin E reestablished the analysed parameters to levels similar to those of the control group. We concluded that fipronil decreased sperm production in rats because of its oxidant activity and that this effect was reversed by vitamin E.
Pervasive effects of drought on tree growth across a wide climatic gradient in the temperate forests of the Caucasus

AIM: The Caucasus is a global biodiversity hotspot that includes a wide diversity of temperate forests, from xeric to mesic and rain forest. Little is known about their vulnerability to climate change. We aimed to identify the major climate constraints on tree growth. LOCATION: Western Caucasus of Georgia, Russia and Turkey (40–43° N, 41–43° E). TIME PERIOD: Twentieth century. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Trees, angiosperms and gymnosperms. METHODS: We used a new network of 35 tree‐ring width chronologies from four angiosperm and four gymnosperm species across an elevational gradient of > 2,000 m. We used correlations to identify the major climate factors (temperature, precipitation and drought) at monthly and seasonal scales affecting tree growth and to assess whether their effects change over time. To explore common response patterns among species, we used self‐organizing maps, a type of artificial neural network. RESULTS: Spring or summer drought reduced radial growth of most tree species, despite large differences in elevation. As expected, drought was particularly detrimental at warm, low‐elevation sites. Besides drought, growth of conifers at high elevations was also limited by cold winters and summers. Important species‐specific climate–growth responses were also evident. In general, climate–growth relationships were stable over time, except at some cold‐limited sites, where positive responses to summer and winter temperatures have diminished over the last few decades. MAIN CONCLUSION: Growth responses to precipitation and drought among species were more similar than they were to temperature, even at humid sites, providing further evidence of drought vulnerability in mesic forests. The productivity of high‐elevation conifer forests, limited by summer drought and low temperatures, will depend on the balance between temperature and precipitation. Given that climate change is expected to induce larger climatic gradients in the region, the potential reduction of forest cover at a regional scale would make the conservation of these mesic forests more essential.
The Use of Eco-Friendly Leaf as a Corrosion Inhibitor of Mild Steel in an Acidic Environment

The leaf ext ract of Achyranthes aspera L was investigated for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1.0M HCl med iu m at room temperature. Grav imetric technique was used to study the corrosion behavior in the absence and presence of different concentrations of the leaf extract. The result obtained showed that the Achyranthes aspera L is a good inhibitor for mild steel in 1.0M HCl solution. The corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency were calculated. The inhib ition efficiency calculated showed a great percentage result with optimu m value of 82.3%. Achyranthes aspera L extract was adsorbed on the mild steel surface in accordance with Langmu ir, Fru mkim, and Flory-Huggins adsorption isotherm models. The negative adsorption energy ΔGads obtained inferred that the adsorption rates were spontaneous and the interaction between the inhibit ive molecules was found to be repulsive.
Stock price reactions to capital structure changes in Chilean firms: Examining the effects of ownership structure, growth opportunities and leverage

We analyzed the effects of ownership structure, capital structure and growth opportunities on stock price reactions when companies issued debt or equity. Our results, based on event study methodology and IV regressions from a sample of 70 Chilean firms, indicate that controlling shareholder ownership has a negative effect on stock price reactions for debt issuances and a positive effect for equity issuance. These results indicate that debt issuances are a substitute for majority shareholder monitoring, and that equity issuances are associated with superior corporate performance. Equity issuances are a means for expropriating wealth from non-controlling shareholders. Debt and growth opportunities have a non-linear effect.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Health Insurance Demand in Kenya: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modelling

: Universal health coverage is key to the Kenyan government's ‘big four’ development agenda which is meant to be to be achieved by 2022. Over the years, health has always been given a higher priority and has been at the epicenter of political campaign manifesto. As a result, the government has continuously pumped resources into the health sector, and established public insurance scheme, as well as providing an enabling environment for private insurance companies in the spirit of achieving the objectives of better health care. However, insurance penetration is low with a 4 percent uptake of the private insurance and 16 percent uptake of public insurance. This low uptake has contributed to the huge out-of-pocket budgets and expenditures in Kenya, which sums up to approximately 26.1% of the percent of the overall healthcare expenditure in Kenya. This has contributed to an increase in the level of poverty as well as dependency ratios. This research aimed to look into the determinants of health insurance demand in Kenya using the Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model. The research used secondary data spanning from 1980 to 2018. The study established that, income levels positively affects health insurance demand in the long-run, the effect is however, negative in the short-run. The study established that financial development has no effect on health insurance demand. Inflation rate negatively affects health insurance demand in the long run but a positive one in the short-run. Unemployment has a negative effect on health insurance demand both in the short-run and in the long-run. Finally, education level has a positively affects health insurance demand in the long-run but a negative relationship in the short-run. The coefficient of determination of the entire model is 0.7112, this implies that 71.12 percent of changes in health insurance demand is determined within the model while the rest, 28.88 percent is explained by external factors. The model is said to be a good fit.
Enhancing Capacity Building for Public Service Ethics Management in South Africa

This article focuses on enhancing capacity building for public service ethics management in South Africa. It attributes poor management of ethics in the South African government to a lack of capacity. The government seems to have no capacity to translate the many anti-corruption strategies into well-functioning deterrents of unethical conduct. It is a purpose of this article, therefore, to determine possible approaches to address this lack of capacity building in terms of the primary guiding research question: How can the South African public service build capacity in the area of ethics management? The article considers inter alia what capabilities exist, both legislative and functional, to address unethical conduct in the South African public service. The article adopted a qualitative observational approach by comparing, contrasting, critically analysing and synthesising relevant documentary and literature sources in terms of a desktop study methodology. Recommendations are presented on approaches that can be employed to strengthen the government’s capacity to manage ethics in terms of visible consequence management. While the article presented the reality of ethics management in the public service as a lethargic experience, certain positives have also been highlighted. This includes the state’s continuous attempts to recognise and address the burden of public service corruption. While recognising the problem is a step in the right direction, policy-prescribed initiatives aimed at curbing unethical conduct must be implemented in order to succeed. Enhancing Capacity Building for Public Service Ethics Management in South Africa
Children Of Men (2006): Representation of Modern Spirituality in an Apocalyptic Dystopian World

In the post-industrialization era, spirituality has gone through many shifts. Specifically, perceptions of spirituality have changed for the worst after 9/11, which inspired several movies in portraying spirituality within the society in science fiction movies. Children of Men (2006) is one of science fiction movies that portray biblical apocalyptic narratives in which spirituality is a crucial element in the movie, indicating how influential spirituality is in popular culture. This research paper aims to analyze how modern spirituality is represented through the shift from Weber's concept of disenchantment to Jenkin's concept of re-enchantment, examining how it affects oneself in the biblical apocalyptic narrative. The representation is analyzed by focusing on a huge alteration that resulted from the attack of 9/11, which affects how the disenchanted society in the movie deals with the gloom of apocalypse. These responses lead to re-enchantment as the movie incorporates biblical allegories that represent hope for tomorrow, which is fundamental teaching for most religions. Keyword: Modern Spirituality, Disenchantment, Re-Enchantment, Apocalypse.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Dan Jenis Kap Terhadap Pengungkapan Aset Biologis

This study aims to see the effect of profitability, firm size, and type of public accounting firms to biological asset disclosure. The population in this study are all agricultural companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) that is as many as 32 companies. The sample in this research use sampling technique purposive sampling counted 13 company in 2016-2018. The analysis was done by using multiple regression model. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The Profitability has no effect on the disclosure of biological asset. (2) Firm size has no effect on biological asset disclosure. (3) type of public accounting firm effect on biological asset disclosure
Nitrification as a source of soluble organic substrate in biological treatment

In complex, multispecies populations, exchange of substrates can be an important beneficial interaction. Prior experimental and theoretical work has led to the hypothesis that the formation of soluble microbial products (SMP) by nitrifying bacteria can provide a supplementary organic substrate for heterotrophic bacteria, thereby augmenting their accumulation and stability, especially when inputs of organic substrates are low. In this study, chemostat experiments carried out with a NO2−-oxidizing strain ( Nitrobacter sp.) and an NH4+-oxidizing strain ( Nitrosomonas europaea ) demonstrated that both nitrifiers produce SMP that can support heterotrophic bacteria. The first evidence was the presence of significant concentrations of soluble COD in the chemostat effluent, even though the influent was free of organic compounds. Second, a small heterotrophic population was maintained, apparently through utilization of the nitrifier-produced SMP. A preliminary kinetic analysis suggested that SMP kinetic parameters can be adapted from parameters measured for heterotrophs.