Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incremental work minimization algorithm for rate‐independent plasticity of single crystals

A new constitutive algorithm for the rate‐independent crystal plasticity is presented. It is based on asymptotically exact formulation of the set of constitutive equations and inequalities as a minimum problem for the incremental work expressed by a quadratic function of non‐negative crystallographic slips. This approach requires selective symmetrization of the slip‐system interaction matrix restricted to active slip‐systems, while the latent hardening rule for inactive slip‐systems is arbitrary. The active slip‐system set and incremental slips are determined by finding a constrained minimum point of the incremental work. The solutions not associated with a local minimum of the incremental work are automatically eliminated in accord with the energy criterion of path stability. The augmented Lagrangian method is applied to convert the constrained minimization problem to a smooth unconstrained one. Effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by the large deformation examples of simple shear of a face‐centered cubic (fcc) crystal and rolling texture in a polycrystal. The algorithm is extended to partial kinematic constraints and applied to a uniaxial tension test in a high‐symmetry direction, showing the ability of the algorithm to cope with the non‐uniqueness problem and to generate experimentally observable solutions with a reduced number of active slip‐systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shortcut Learning in Financial Text Mining: Exposing the Overly Optimistic Performance Estimates of Text Classification Models under Distribution Shift

In recent years, many cases of deep neural networks failing dramatically when faced with adversarial or real-world examples have been reported. Such failures, which are quite hard to detect, are often related to a generalization problem known as shortcut learning. Yet, with state-of-the-art transformer models now being ubiquitous in financial text mining, one cannot help but wonder how reliable the results conveyed in the ever-growing literature genuinely are. Against this background, we expose, in this work, how vulnerable contemporary financial text mining approaches are to shortcut learning. Focussing on the common learning task of financial sentiment classification, we assess, using two entity-based sampling strategies and our publicly-available dataset, the discrepancies between i.i. d. and o.o. d. performance estimates of four transformer models. Our results reveal that o.o. d. performance estimates are consistently weaker than those of their i.i. d. counterparts, with the error rate increasing by as much as 29.7%, thus, demonstrating how this issue can, when overlooked, lead to misleading evaluations. Moreover, we show how additional preprocessing steps, such as entity removal and vocabulary filtering, can help reduce the effects of shortcut learning by filtering out entity-related linguistic cues.
Nucleate Boiling Performance of Refrigerants and Refrigerant-Oil Mixtures

Current and previous studies by the authors and others have shown that the carry-over on oil in refrigeration systems can have a significant influence of the boiling performance in the evaporator of refrigeration systems. This investigation was conducted primarily to develop a general correlation equation for predicting the heat transfer coefficient for refrigerants and refrigerant-oil mixtures under pool boiling conditions. Experimental results were obtained to establish the validity of the correlation equation.
‘The generation that will inherit Syria’: education as citizen aid and political opportunity

Abstract Grassroots initiatives to provide education were an integral part of efforts to stem the humanitarian disaster unleashed by the armed conflict in Syria. This article studies activists who organised informal schooling for children amid the devastating war. Building on life story interviews, we highlight the versatility of initiatives in the field of education for citizens who simultaneously engage in humanitarian action and mobilise for political change. There is a natural concern to detach humanitarian work from politics in order to gain and maintain a space for action. This has distanced the study of humanitarian aid from social movements research, which focuses on long-term struggles over power and political structures. We maintain, however, that the social movement literature generally, and studies on structural and cognitive political opportunity specifically, can help refine our understanding of the illusive nature of citizen aid. Our findings indicate that Syrians involved in humanitarian educational activities constructed their own structure of opportunities by monitoring shifting political and humanitarian conditions. Opening schools was a technical and pragmatic solution to the educational disaster caused by war. At the same time, it was motivated by a long-lasting desire to free Syria from its political plight and to offer an alternative.
Efficacy of Liraglutide in Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

In the past few decades, childhood obesity has become a significant global health issue, impacting around 107.7 million children and adolescents globally. There is currently minimal usage of pharmacological therapies for childhood obesity in the pediatric population. This research assessed the efficacy of liraglutide in treating childhood and adolescent obesity. Until 20 October 2022, a systematic literature review was done utilizing PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The search phrases “liraglutide”, “pediatric obesity”, “children”, and “adolescents” were utilized. Using the search method, a total of 185 articles were found. Three studies demonstrating liraglutide’s effectiveness in treating child and adolescent obesity were included. The selected research was done in the United States. As an intervention, liraglutide was administered to 296 participants at a maximal dosage of 3.0 mg. All examined trials were in phase 3. This comprehensive analysis revealed no clinically significant differences between liraglutide and body weight (kg; MD −2.62; 95%CI −6.35 to 1.12; p = 0.17) and body mass index (kg/m2; MD −0.80; 95%CI −2.33 to 0.73, p = 0.31). There was no evidence that liraglutide increased hypoglycemia episodes (RR 1.08; 95%CI 0.37 to 3.15; p = 0.79), or side consequences. However, it was shown that the medicine might help reduce BMI and weight combined with a healthy diet and regular exercise. A lifestyle change may have favorable consequences that will be assessed in the future for adjunctive therapy. PROSPERO database (CRD42022347472)
REPRESENTATIVE HEURISTICS AND THE AFTERMARKET DYNAMIC OF THE NEW LISTINGS IN MALAYSIA

This paper investigates the influences of representative heuristics and ex-ante factors on the immediate aftermarket dynamics of new issues. The two immediate aftermarket dynamics covered in this study are opening-day-spread and flipping activities. A total of 177 new issue samples listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia (formerly known as Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange) from 1991 to 2008 are used in this study. Results support a positive significant influence of representative heuristics on opening-day-spread. On the other hand, a negative relationship was reported between representative heuristics and flipping activities. Among the ex-ante variables included in the model, market condition was found to have predictive power over immediate aftermarket dynamics.
Unipolar resistive switching characteristics of ZnO thin films for nonvolatile memory applications

Highly (002)-oriented and columnar-grained ZnO thin films were prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The Pt∕ZnO∕Pt devices exhibit reversible and steady bistable resistance switching behaviors with a narrow dispersion of the resistance states and switching voltage. Only a low forming electric field was required to induce the resistive switching characteristics. The resistance ratios of high resistance state to low resistance state were in the range of 3–4 orders of magnitude within 100cycles of test. It was also found that the conduction mechanisms dominating the low and high resistance states are Ohmic behavior and Poole-Frenkel emission, respectively.
Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers in red wavelength range

Photonic-crystal (PC) surface-emitting lasers in red wavelength range are demonstrated without epitaxial regrowth in this work. Two-dimensional PCs were patterned and circular shaped holes were etched from GaAs contact down to AlInP cladding layers to form the “PC slab-on-substrate” structure. Indium-tin-oxide was then deposited to facilitate both electrical injection and optical transmission. The fabricated devices were characterized by pulsed current source. The lasing wavelength was around 664 nm at designed lattice period of 208 nm. The peak intensity was over 6 mW at peak current of 2.5 A. The far-field pattern exhibited dual lobes separated by 3.5 degree and the beam divergence perpendicular to the lobes was about 1 degree.
Adding a biologic to allergen immunotherapy increases treatment efficacy

Background The application of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in combination with biological agents has been found to increase both the safety and efficacy of the desensitisation procedure in patients with food and insect venom allergy. The aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of AIT in patients with house dust mite (HDM)-driven asthma treated with and without omalizumab. Materials and methods The study was a placebo-controlled, three-armed, randomised, parallel-group, multicentre trial that included 52 patients with HDM-driven asthma. Only patients with monosensitisation to HDM were included. The study compared three patterns of therapy: omalizumab alone, HDM subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT-HDM)+ omalizumab, and SCIT alone. The main outcomes were evaluate the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score, number of asthma exacerbations and reduction in the daily dose of inhaled steroids during 12 months of observation. Results All variants of therapy led to significantly improved ACQ scores and reduction of asthma exacerbations in all study groups after 12 months of treatment. A statistically significant reduction in the daily doses of inhaled corticosteroids in the group with omalizumab alone (650±150 µg versus 500±50 µg for p=0.003) or SCIT-HDM+omalizumab (550±250 µg versus 375±75 µg for p=0.001) was observed, favouring the latter group. Conclusion The efficacy of AIT for HDM-driven asthma is significantly increased by the combination of allergen vaccine with omalizumab. A combination of AIT to HDM and omalizumab is more effective in reducing symptoms and reducing the daily dose of ICS than using omalizumab alone or AIT alone in patients with HDM-driven asthma https://bit.ly/3W6Ff61
New Advanced k-w Turbulence Model for High-Lift Aerodynamics

The development and preliminary validation of a new k-ω turbulence model based on explicit algebraic Reynolds-stress modeling are presented. This new k-ω model is especially designed for the requirements typical in high-lift aerodynamics. Attention is especially paid to the model behavior at the turbulent/laminar edges, to the model sensitivity to pressure gradients, and to the calibration of the model coefficients for appropriate flow phenomena. The model development is based on both analytical studies and numerical experimenting. The developed model is assessed and validated for a set of realistic flow problems including high-lift airfoil flows.
Dynamics of Lunar Formation

▪ Abstract The giant impact theory is the leading hypothesis for the origin of the Moon. This review focuses on dynamical aspects of an impact-induced lunar formation, in particular those areas that have advanced considerably in the past decade, including (a) late-stage terrestrial accretion, (b) giant impact simulations, (c) protolunar disk evolution and lunar accretion, and (d) the origin of the initial lunar inclination. In all, recent developments now provide a reasonably consistent dynamical account of the origin of the Moon through a late giant impact with Earth, and suggest that the impact-generation of satellites is likely to be a common process in late-stage solid planet formation.
Cepheid masses from observations and pulsation theory.

Cepheid masses are calculated using radii measured recently by the Baade-Wesselink and the related Barnes et al. methods. They are compared to masses which use only the well observed fundamental mode period, Pi/sub 0/, and an approximate effective surface temperature, T/sub e/. These latter masses, called theoretical masses, result from the solution for the four unknowns M, R, L, Q/sub 0/ of four equations: evolutionary mass-luminosity (M-L) law for blue looping yellow giants, the period--mean density (Pi/sub 0/-M-R-Q/sub 0/) relation, the variation of the pulsation constant Q/sub 0/ with the unknowns, and the definition equation for T/sub e/. To ensure the proper calibration of these theoretical masses, the effects of a new distance scale and new temperatures on evolutionary theory and pulsation masses are discussed. It is found that pulsation masses using observed Pi/sub 0/, L, and colors (to give the mean T/sub e/) now agree much better with evolutionary and theoretical masses, but the Wesselink and the Barnes et al. radii imply lower average masses for 69 cases. This discrepancy can be alleviated and the agreement of evolution, theoretical, and pulsation masses not destroyed by using recently proposed helium-rich surface layers in theoretical Cepheid models which increase Q/sub 0/more » as well as the bump, beat, and the Wesselink and Barnes et al. radius masses. « less
Crude Extracts of Talaromyces Strains (Ascomycota) Affect Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Resistance to Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus

Viruses contribute significantly to the global decline of honey bee populations. One way to limit the impact of such viruses is the introduction of natural antiviral compounds from fungi as a component of honey bee diets. Therefore, we examined the effect of crude organic extracts from seven strains of the fungal genus Talaromyces in honey bee diets under laboratory conditions. The strains were isolated from bee bread prepared by honey bees infected with chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV). The antiviral effect of the extracts was also quantified in vitro using mammalian cells as a model system. We found that three extracts (from strains B13, B18 and B30) mitigated CBPV infections and increased the survival rate of bees, whereas other extracts had no effect (B11 and B49) or were independently toxic (B69 and B195). Extract B18 inhibited the replication of feline calicivirus and feline coronavirus (FCoV) in mammalian cells, whereas extracts B18 and B195 reduced the infectivity of FCoV by ~90% and 99%, respectively. Our results show that nonpathogenic fungi (and their products in food stores) offer an underexplored source of compounds that promote disease resistance in honey bees.
Landslide Likelihood Prediction using Machine Learning Algorithms

The supply of electricity via power plants is critical to the operation of many critical infrastructure systems in modern society. Natural hazards can disrupt the power supply, cause power outages that can halt economic growth, and impede emergency response until power is restored. The proposed work aims to predict the landslides likelihood in these critical infrastructure locations in the Northeastern USA using integrated databases of explanatory variables and machine learning algorithms. First, data related to landslides are obtained and merged, including topographic, soil moisture, and precipitation-related data. Five regression algorithms, namely: Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), K-Nearest Neighbor regression (KNN), Linear Support Vector Regressor (SVR), and Linear regression, are utilized to predict the landslide probability and evaluated on the dataset. The accuracy of the models is assessed by using statistical metrics such as mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), and root mean squared error (RMSE). The study results show that Random Forest outperformed other models with the mutual information feature selection method. It achieved an MSE of 0.0011 with mutual information-based feature selection and an MSE of 0.00157 without feature selection. KNN regressor outperformed the other models with an MSE of 0.00139 with correlation-based information selection. The proposed landslide identification model with Random Forest algorithm shows outstanding robustness and great potential in tackling the landslide likelihood prediction by employing ML algorithms.
Boundary-Layer Separation Due to Combustion-Induced Pressure Rise in a Supersonic Flow

The HyShot supersonic combustion experiments were conducted in the T4 Stalker tube at the University of Queensland, Australia, to test supersonic combustion in a constant-area duct of rectangular cross section. The intake was deigned to spill both the compression shock and the boundary layers formed on the intake surfaces and to generate new boundary layers on the four walls of the combustor. Fuel was injected perpendicularly to the oncoming flow from four 2mm porthole fuel injectors located 40mm from the leading edge of the combustor. Choking of the combustor, attributed to boundary-layer separation due to combustion-induced pressure rises, is identified to occur within the test period in 12 fuel-on shots. The 95% confidence-interval uncertainty is estimated to be ∓11%, taking into account the uncertainty in flow conditions and pressure measurements.
Referral and Management of Pretibial Lacerations in Two District General Hospitals

Background Pretibial lacerations are common injuries that have a significant yet underestimated association with morbidity and mortality. Although they may occur in any age group, they are commonly followed by an often relatively minor trauma in elderly and frail patients. The six-month mortality among such patients may be more than double the age group average. Currently, 5.2 in 1000 patients per year present to the emergency departments in UK hospitals due to pretibial lacerations. The associated acute admissions have a high financial cost. Despite the significant disease burden, there is a paucity of evidence on the optimal management of such injuries. This study aimed to describe the typical demographic and injury factors of individuals presenting to two district general hospitals, as well as their subsequent management and referral. Methodology Relevant patients were identified through NHS coding searches. Subsequently, it was found that 99 patients presented to an NHS trust with pretibial lacerations throughout 2020. A retrospective manual evaluation of clinical documentation was performed to identify the details of the patients’ injury, management, referral, and demographics. Results The patients had a mean age of 55.4 (SD 28.3), and 56.6% were female. The most commonly presenting mechanism of injury was direct blunt trauma. The majority of cases were solely managed and discharged directly by the emergency department (74.8%). Of the 99 patients, 25 (25.3%) were referred to specialist services, 12 (12.1%) were managed conservatively, and 13 (13.1%) underwent operative intervention. The mean length of stay for those referred was 5.9 days, and the mean for the same was greater for those managed conservatively compared to those managed operatively (9.0 vs. 2.6 days). Among patients discharged by the emergency department, the most common method of wound closure was steristrips (n = 40; 54.1%), followed by conservative management with dressings (n = 22; 29.7%), sutures (n = 10, 13.5%) and glue (n = 5; 6.8%). Conclusions Overall, this study showed that the majority of patients presenting with pretibial lacerations have minor wounds that can be effectively managed in the emergency department. However, those with considerably more injuries should be provided an early referral to specialist services, where they would ideally receive early surgery and comprehensive follow-up.
Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia

Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) is an important cause of morbidity and less commonly, mortality in patients with structurally normal hearts. Appropriate diagnosis and management are predicated on an understanding of the mechanism, relevant cardiac anatomy, and associated ECG signatures. Catheter ablation is a viable strategy to adequately treat and potentially provide a cure in patients that are intolerant to medications or when these are ineffective. In this review, we discuss special approaches and considerations for effective and safe ablation of VT arising from the right ventricular outflow tract, left ventricular outflow tract, left ventricular fascicles, papillary muscles, and moderator band.
HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF FOUR YELLOW-TYPE SYMBIOTIC STARS: CD-43°14304, HEN 3-1213, HEN 3-863, AND StHα 176

We report on the analysis of high-resolution optical spectra of four symbiotic stars CD-43°14304, Hen 3-863, Hen 3-1213, and StHα176. The chemical composition of the atmospheres of the investigated stars shows that they are all metal-poor K giants with metallicities around [Fe/H] ≈ −1.0. All stars show an enrichment of the elements created by slow neutron-capture reactions. The luminosities obtained for the symbiotic star CD-43°14304 and probably for Hen 3-1213 are below those of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars that started helium-burning (via thermal pulses) and became self-enriched in the neutron-capture elements. Therefore, their abundance peculiarities are due to mass transfer from the previous thermally pulsing AGB star (now the white dwarf), overabundant in s-process elements. For the stars Hen 3-863 and StHα176, the uncertainties due to the distance (and interstellar absorption as well) prevent a reliable determination of the luminosity. The heavy-element abundance distribution of these four analyzed symbiotics is similar to that of the three symbiotics previously analyzed (AG Dra, BD-21°3873, and Hen 2-467). Finally, their general abundance pattern follows the halo standard abundance.
Research on the Operating Characteristics of Electrically Triggered Vacuum Surface Flashover Switch

A novel configuration of electrically triggered vacuum surface flashover switch (VSFS) is introduced, and switches based on alumina, quartz, and aluminum nitride are fabricated. The main switch operation characteristics (flashover voltage, turn-on time, delay time, jitter, repetitive frequency ability, and lifetime) and their influencing factors (operation voltage, loop current, trigger current, and trigger waveform) are experimentally investigated. The results show that the dc flashover voltages for both switches tested in vacuum are 2–4 times higher than the voltages tested at 1 atm. The switch turn-on time is mostly affected by the operation voltage and loop resistance, while the switch delay time is mainly influenced by the front edge of the trigger voltage pulse. Delay times of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx 70$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ns with a corresponding jitter of less than 3.1 ns are observed for both switches. The repetitive frequency ability of both switches is better than 60 Hz@27.5 kV and can reach 100 kHz@6 kV. The delay time, turn-on time, and jitter of alumina switch remained unchanged during <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx 105~000$ </tex-math></inline-formula> triggered discharges (@27.5 kV, 50-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> load, 60 Hz). The optimum operating mode of the switch is determined from the experimental results.