Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The class blueprint: visually supporting the understanding of glasses

Understanding source code is an important task in the maintenance of software systems. Legacy systems are not only limited to procedural languages, but are also written in object-oriented languages. In such a context, understanding classes is a key activity as they are the cornerstone of the object-oriented paradigm and the primary abstraction from which applications are built. Such an understanding is however difficult to obtain because of reasons such as the presence of late binding and inheritance. A first level of class understanding consists of the understanding of its overall structure, the control flow among its methods, and the accesses on its attributes. We propose a novel visualization of classes called class blueprint that is based on a semantically enriched visualization of the internal structure of classes. This visualization allows a software engineer to build a first mental model of a class that he validates via opportunistic code-reading. Furthermore, we have identified visual patterns that represent recurrent situations and as such convey additional, information to the viewer. The contributions of this article are the class blueprint, a novel visualization of the internal structure of classes, the identification of visual patterns, and the definition of a vocabulary based on these visual patterns. We have performed several case studies of which one is presented in depth, and validated the usefulness of the approach in a controlled experiment.
A Feedback Stabilization and Collision Avoidance Scheme for Multiple Independent Nonholonomic Non-Point Agents

A navigation functions' based methodology, established previously for decentralized navigation of multiple holonomic agents, is extended to address the problem of decentralized navigation of multiple nonholonomic agents. In contrast to our previous work, each agent does not require any knowledge about the velocities and the desired destinations of the other members of the team. Furthermore, the control inputs are the acceleration and rotational velocity of each vehicle, coping in this way with realistic dynamics of classes of mechanical systems. Asymptotic stability is guaranteed by LaSalle's invariance principle for nonsmooth systems. The collision avoidance and global convergence properties are verified through simulations
High-throughput in vivo screening of targeted molecular imaging agents

The rapid development and translation of targeted molecular imaging agents from bench to bedside is currently a slow process, with a clear bottleneck between the discovery of new compounds and the development of an appropriate molecular imaging agent. The ability to identify promising new molecular imaging agents, as well as failures, much earlier in the development process using high-throughput screening techniques could save significant time and money. This work combines the advantages of combinatorial chemistry, site-specific solid-phase radiolabeling, and in vivo imaging for the rapid screening of molecular imaging agents. A one-bead-one-compound library was prepared and evaluated in vitro, leading to the identification of 42 promising lead peptides. Over 11 consecutive days, these peptides, along with a control peptide, were successfully radiolabeled with 4-[18F]fluorobenzoic acid and evaluated in vivo using microPET. Four peptides were radiolabeled per day, followed by simultaneous injection of each individual peptide into 2 animals. As a result, 4 promising new molecular imaging agents were identified that otherwise would not have been selected based solely on in vitro data. This study is the first example of the practical application of a high-throughput screening approach using microPET imaging of [18F]-labeled peptides for the rapid in vivo identification of potential new molecular imaging agents.
Acoustic Cavitation Behavior in Isopropyl Alcohol Added Cleaning Solution

As the semiconductor manufacturing technology for ultra-high integration devices continue to shrink beyond 32 nm, stringent measures have to be taken to get damage free patterns during the cleaning process. The patterns are no longer cleaned with the megasonic (MS) irradiation in the advanced device node because of severe pattern damages caused by cleaning. Recently, several investigations are carried out to control the cavitation effects of megasonic to reduce the pattern damages. The mechanism of damage caused by an unstable acoustic bubble motion was mainly attributed to the high sound pressure associated with violent bubble collapse [1]. In order to characterize the dominant factors affecting the cavitation, MS cleaning was conducted with various dissolved gas concentrations in water. It was reported that the cavitation phenomena relating to particle removal efficiency (PRE) and pattern damage were considerably changed with the addition of a specific gas [2]. This changing behavior may be due to the difference in the physical properties of dissolved gases associated with acoustic bubble growth rate as a function of their concentration. In particular, cavitation effects induced during MS cleaning was controlled by adjusting the acoustic bubble growth rate. Also the change of bubble growth rate is well explained by both rectified diffusion for single bubble and bubble coalescence for multi-bubble, respectively. Similarly, it is well-known that surface active solute (SAS) in the ultrasound field plays an important role in controlling the cavitation effects. A detailed explanation of the acoustic bubble growth rate, cavitation threshold and their relationship with various types of SAS and concentration of biomedical and chemical reactions perspective have been reported elsewhere [3,4]. Their studies demonstrated that the change of cavitation effects depends not only on the chain length of alcohol in the solution but also on the physical properties such as surface tension and viscosity of SAS solutions.
Cardiac-Specific Expression and Hypertrophic Upregulation of the Feline Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger Gene H1-Promoter in a Transgenic Mouse Model

The NCX1 gene contains three promoters (H1, K1, and Br1), and as a result of alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing, there are multiple tissue-specific variants of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. We have proposed that for NCX1, the H1 promoter regulates expression in the heart, the K1 promoter regulates expression in the kidney, and the Br1 promoter regulates expression in the brain as well as low-level ubiquitous expression. Here, using a transgenic mouse model, we test the role of the DNA region including −1831 to 67 bp of intron 1, encompassing exon H1 of the feline NCX1 gene (NCX1H1). The NCX1H1 promoter was sufficient for driving the normal spatiotemporal pattern of NCX1 expression in cardiac development. The luciferase reporter gene was expressed in a heart-restricted pattern both in early embryos (embryonic days 8 to 14) and in later embryos (after embryonic day 14), when NCX1 is also expressed in other tissues. In the adult, no luciferase activity was detected in the kidney, liver, spleen, uterus, or skeletal muscle; minimal activity was detected in the brain; and very high levels of luciferase expression were detected in the heart. Transverse aortic constriction–operated mice showed significantly increased left ventricular mass after 7 days. In addition, there was a 2-fold upregulation of NCX1H1 promoter activity in the left ventricle in animals after 7 days of pressure overload compared with both control and sham-operated animals. This work demonstrates that the NCX1H1 promoter directs cardiac-specific expression of the exchanger in both the embryo and adult and is also sufficient for the upregulation of NCX1 in response to pressure overload.
Effect of Annealing on Microstructure of Hydroxyapatite Coatings and their Behaviours in Simulated Body Fluid

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on Ti6Al4V substrate were deposited using an ion beam sputtering technique. Owing to its medical applications, the crystalline phases present in the HA must be controlled. This study investigated the effect of post-deposition heat treatment at different temperatures and evaluated the microstructure of the HA coatings and their behaviours in simulated body fluid (SBF). The post-deposition treatment of the as-deposited samples was carried out in an air-circulated furnace at a temperature between 300 0C and 600 0C. The XRD patterns reveal that the minimum temperature to transform the HA coating from amorphous to crystalline phase is 400 0C. A higher temperature at 600 0C leads to a growth of the crystalline HA phases. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements show the existence of hydroxyl and PO-bonds in all coatings and the amounts varied with temperature. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) study suggests that the nanostructured crystalline HA starts to grow at 400 0C and becomes more obvious at a higher temperature of 600 0C. The simulated body fluid (SBF) test reveals that better apatite formation with post deposition heat treatment at 600 0C would potentially enhance the formation of new bone (osseointegration).
Towards a portable assistive arm exoskeleton for stroke patient rehabilitation controlled through a brain computer interface

Recent research has shown the benefits of using robotic devices to aid in stroke patient rehabilitation. In addition, the use of brain computer interfaces is showing promising applications in both controlling robotic devices and aiding in neural rehabilitation. Unfortunately, traditional rehabilitative devices are cumbersome and are not being used outside the laboratory environment, therefore potentially limiting patient access to these new rehabilitative technologies. This project seeks to address this issue by working toward creating a portable rehabilitative system consisting of an arm exoskeleton controlled by a brain computer interface (BCI). A wireless commercially available BCI system was used (Emotiv EPOC) to actuate the device in a single direction. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the system on four healthy adult volunteers. Results show all users were able to control the device with success rates above chance.
Early Changes in the Antithrombin and Thrombin-Antithrombin Complex in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Background Data on coagulation changes in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine plasma antithrombin (AT) levels and activity as well as thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex levels in the early hours of the clinical manifestation of PAF. Methods Fifty-one patients (26 men and 25 women; mean age 59.84 ± 1.60 years) were consecutively selected with PAF duration < 24 hours, and 52 controls (26 men and 26 women; mean age 59.50 ± 1.46 years) matched the patients in terms of gender, age and comorbidities. Plasma levels and activity of AT and levels of the covalent TAT complex were studied once in each study participant. Results AT plasma levels in PAF patients were statistically significantly lower compared to controls (164.69 ± 10.51 vs. 276.21 ± 8.29 μg/mL, P < 0.001). Plasma activity of the anticoagulant was also significantly lower in PAF (71.33±4.87 vs. 110.72±3.09%, P < 0.001). TAT complex concentration in plasma was higher in the patient group (5.32 ± 0.23 vs. 3.20 ± 0.14 μg/L, P < 0.001). Conclusion We can say that PAF is associated with significantly reduced AT levels and activity and increased levels of TAT complex during the first 24 hours after its manifestation. These changes indicate a reduced activity of AT anticoagulant system, which is a probable prerequisite for the established enhanced coagulation (high TAT complex levels).
Enzymes of Choline Synthesis in Spinach (Response of Phospho-Base N-Methyltransferase Activities to Light and Salinity)

In spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), choline is synthesized by the sequential N-methylation of phosphoethanolamine -> phosphomono- -> phosphodi- -> phosphotrimethylethanolamine (i.e. phosphocholine) followed by hydrolysis to release choline. Differential centrifugation of spinach leaf extracts shows that enzymes catalyzing the three N-methylations are cytosolic. These enzymes were assayed in leaf extracts prepared from plants growing under various light/dark periods. Under a diurnal, 8-h light/16-h dark photoperiod, the activity of the enzyme catalyzing the N-methylation of phosphoethanolamine is highest at the end of the light period and lowest following the dark period. Prolonged dark periods (exceeding 16 h) lead to a further reduction in the activity of this enzyme, although activity is restored when plants are reexposed to light. In contrast, the activity of the enzyme(s) catalyzing the N-methylations of phosphomono- and phosphodimethylethanolamine does not undergo comparable changes in response to light/dark treatments. Salt shock of plants with 200 mM NaCl results in a 2-fold increase in all three N-methylation activities relative to nonsalinized controls but only in plants exposed to light. Thus, light is required for the salt-responsive up-regulation of choline synthesis in spinach.
Designing novel interactional workspaces to support face to face consultations

This paper describes the design and deployment of a novel interactional workspace, intended to provide more effective support for face-to-face consultations between two parties. We focus on the initial consultations between customer and agent that take place during the development of complex products. Findings from an ethnographic study of the existing use of technological systems show the interaction during such consultations to be disjointed and not well supported. As an alternative approach, we developed a novel arrangement of multiple displays intended to promote shoulder-to-shoulder collaboration using a variety of interlinked representations and visualizations. The resulting interactional workspace was used by a travel company as part of a large international trade show attended by the general public. The many consultations that took place between agents and customers were quite different, proving to be more equitable, open, fluid and congenial.
Myh11-Cre is not limited to peritubular myoid cells and interaction between Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells needs investigation

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a well-defined paracrine factor that promotes spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) self-renewal and maintenance, as shown both in vivo and in vitro. Previously, Sertoli cells were considered the only source of GDNF within mouse testes. In a recent article, Liang-Yu Chen et al. describe the role of peritubular myoid (PM) cells in GDNF secretion and SSC pool maintenance by disrupting the Gdnf gene in PM cells (1). In their previous study, these authors found that testosterone (T) stimulates GDNF expression in adult mouse PM cells in vitro (2). Accordingly, they conclude that T acts through PM cells to modulate the … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: chensuren{at}ioz.ac. cn or liuyx{at}ioz.ac. cn. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Hausdorff matching based SVD-covariance descriptor for object tracking

In this paper we propose a Hausdorff matching based SVD-covariance descriptor for object tracking. Object tracking is one of the most important tasks in computer vision and covariance descriptor for visual tracking has attracted many researchers in the field. The main issues we want to address in this paper consist of the difficulty brought by the non-Euclidean space elements choice of covariance matrices and the large expenditure caused by the measurement between different models calculated on Riemannian manifolds. We have designed an efficient and discriminative SVD-covariance representation feature. The measurement between the target and candidates can be realized through Hausdorff distance. Theoretically, this reduces the computational cost compared with the original measurement on Riemannian manifolds. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is able to generate the promising feature for visual tracking.
Telehealth for older patients: The Hong Kong experience

summary We studied the feasibility, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of using telemedicine to provide geriatric services to residents of nursing homes. A local 200-bed nursing home supported by the community geriatric assessment team (CGAT) participated in a one-year study, during which videoconferencing was used to replace conventional outreach or clinic-based geriatric care. The feasibility of telemedicine was evaluated by participating specialists in a total of 1001 consultations. Other outcome measures included productivity gains, utilization of hospital emergency and inpatient services, and user satisfaction. Telemedicine was adequate for patient care in 60 99% of cases in seven different disciplines. The CGAT was able serve more patients and see them earlier and more frequently. Telemedicine was cheaper than conventional care, and well accepted by health-care professionals as well as clients. Substantial savings were achieved in the study period through a 9% reduction in visits to the hospital emergency department and 11% fewer hospital bed-days. Telemedicine was a feasible means of care delivery to a nursing home and resulted in enhanced productivity and cost-savings. Linking more such institutions to care providers would further increase cost-effectiveness.
Successful Software Adoption - A study of Software Implementation Methodologies

The results of a survey amongst the major packaged software vendors and system integration partners involved in the field of Enterprise resource planning and Product Lifecycle management are analyzed and the challenges in successful implementation of the projects are discussed. This research paper compares the aspects of project management and organizational change management covered in their software implementation methodologies. The study suggests that challenges in people change management need to be addressed in a comprehensive manner with a need to incorporate the country specific cultural aspects towards managing the resistance of end users within the framework of the software implementation methodology.
Range of Hip Joint Motion Is Correlated With MRI-Verified Cam Deformity in Adolescent Elite Skiers

Background: Radiologically verified cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been shown to correlate with reduced internal rotation, reduced passive hip flexion, and a positive anterior impingement test. Purpose: To validate how a clinical examination of the hip joint correlates with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–verified cam deformity in adolescents. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The sample group consisted of 102 adolescents with the mean age 17.7 ± 1.4 years. The hip joints were examined using MRI for measurements of the presence of cam (α-angle ≥55°) and clinically for range of motion (ROM) in both supine and sitting positions. The participants were divided into a cam and a noncam group based on the results of the MRI examination. Passive hip flexion, internal rotation, anterior impingement, and the FABER (flexion, abduction, and external rotation) test were used to test both hips in the supine position. With the participant sitting, the internal/external rotation of the hip joint was measured in 3 different positions of the pelvis (neutral, maximum anteversion, and retroversion) and lumbar spine (neutral, maximum extension, and flexion). Results: Differences were found between the cam and noncam groups in terms of the anterior impingement test (right, P = .010; left, P = .006), passive supine hip flexion (right: mean, 5°; cam, 117°; noncam, 122° [P = .05]; and left: mean, 8.5°; cam, 116°; noncam, 124.5° [P = .001]), supine internal rotation (right: mean, 4.9°; cam, 24°; noncam, 29° [P = .022]; and left: mean, 4.8°; cam, 26°; noncam, 31° [P = .028]), sitting internal rotation with the pelvis and lumbar spine in neutral (right: mean, 7.95°; cam, 29°; noncam, 37° [P = .001]; and left: mean, 6.5°; cam, 31.5°; noncam, 38° [P = .006]), maximum anteversion of the pelvis and extension of the lumbar spine (right: mean, 5.2°; cam, 20°; noncam, 25° [P = .004]; and left: mean, 5.85°; cam, 20.5; noncam, 26.4° [P = .004]), and maximum retroversion of the pelvis and flexion of the spine (right: mean, 8.4°; cam, 32.5°; noncam, 41° [P = .001]; and left: mean, 6.2°; cam, 36°; noncam, 42.3° [P = .012]). The cam group had reduced ROM compared with the noncam group in all clinical ROM measures. Conclusion: The presence of cam deformity on MRI correlates with reduced internal rotation in the supine and sitting positions, passive supine hip flexion, and the impingement test in adolescents.
Ring Group Signatures

In many applications of group signatures, not only a signer's identity but also which group the signer belongs to is sensitive information regarding signer privacy. In this paper, we study these applications and combine a group signature with a ring signature to create a ring group signature, which specifies a set of possible groups without revealing which member of which group produced the signature. The main contributions of this paper are a formal definition of a ring group signature scheme and its security model, a generic construction and a concrete example of such a scheme. Both the construction and concrete scheme are provably secure if the underlying group signature and ring signature schemes are secure.
Multiple bHLH Proteins form Heterodimers to Mediate CRY2-Dependent Regulation of Flowering-Time in Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) mediates light control of flowering time. CIB1 (CRY2-interacting bHLH 1) specifically interacts with CRY2 in response to blue light to activate the transcription of FT (Flowering Locus T). In vitro, CIB1 binds to the canonical E-box (CACGTG, also referred to as G-box) with much higher affinity than its interaction with non-canonical E-box (CANNTG) DNA sequences. However, in vivo, CIB1 binds to the chromatin region of the FT promoter, which only contains the non-canonical E-box sequences. Here, we show that CRY2 also interacts with at least CIB5, in response to blue light, but not in darkness or in response to other wavelengths of light. Our genetic analysis demonstrates that CIB1, CIB2, CIB4, and CIB5 act redundantly to activate the transcription of FT and that they are positive regulators of CRY2 mediated flowering. More importantly, CIB1 and other CIBs proteins form heterodimers, and some of the heterodimers have a higher binding affinity than the CIB homodimers to the non-canonical E-box in the in vitro DNA-binding assays. This result explains why in vitro CIB1 and other CIBs bind to the canonical E-box (G-box) with a higher affinity, whereas they are all associated with the non-canonical E-boxes at the FT promoter in vivo. Consistent with the hypothesis that different CIB proteins play similar roles in the CRY2-midiated blue light signaling, the expression of CIB proteins is regulated specifically by blue light. Our study demonstrates that CIBs function redundantly in regulating CRY2-dependent flowering, and that different CIBs form heterodimers to interact with the non-canonical E-box DNA in vivo.