Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heteromorphic appearance of acrocentric nucleolus organizer regions in Nothoscordum fragrans.

The nucleolus organizer regions were studied in Nothoscordum fragrans, Liliaceae (2n=19) applying the technique of C-banding. This technique allowed us to distinguish the six acrocentric chromosomes into four types by the banding patterns in the long arms and also to observe in detail the nucleolus organizer regions and nucleoli. The distal ends of the short arms of all six acrocentric chromosomes had a characteristic appearance at metaphase: completely condensing, fluff-like diffusing or amorphous loosening of the chromatin. These three characteristic formations seemed to represent a progressive alteration of the morphology of the short arms during metaphase. These regions were confirmed to be the nucleolus organizer regions since they were attached to the nucleoli at prophase. The frequencies of the three characteristic formations were studied for each type chromosome. There was a quantitative difference in the diffused or loosened chromatin for each type of chromosome. The possibility that this may reflect the size of the nucleolus organizer regions is discussed.
Epidermal Structure and Ontogeny of Caryophyllaceous Stomata in Some Acanthaceae

The epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata are described in 31 species of the Acanthaceae. The epidermal cells are polygonal, isodiametric, or elongated with thick, sinuous, arched, or straight anticlinal walls. Extrafloral nectaries and nine types of glandular and eglandular trichomes have been observed. Needle-like, rodlike, and square crystals of calcium oxalate have been observed in the hair cells. The mature stomata are typically caryophyllaceous with two to four subsidiary cells and are formed in three to five successive mitotic divisions of the meristemoid. The stomatal ontogeny is syndetocheilic or mesogenous and is similar for different organs of the same plant. Abnormal stomata with a single guard cell, aborted guard cells, or arrested development are frequent.
The Yellow Sea cold bottom water - an oversummering site for Calanus sinicus (Copepoda, Crustacea)

The vertical distribution and stage-specific abundance of Calanus sinicus were investigated on three key transects in the southern Yellow Sea and the northern East China Sea in August 1999. The results showed that in summer C. sinicus shrank its distribution area to the central cold (less than or equal to10degreesC) bottom water in the Yellow Sea, i.e. the Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water, remaining in high abundance (345.7 ind m(-3)). In the northern East China Sea on a transect from the mouth of the Yangtze River to the Okinawa trench, only a few individuals appeared in the inner side and none had been found either in the upper layer or in the deep layer of the outer shelf area. The population of C. sinicus in YSCBW consisted of mainly adults (46.83%) and C5 (37.41%). C1-C4 only accounted for 15.76%. The low proportion of the earlier copepodite stages and the high female:male ratio (11.39) indicated that the reproduction of C. sinicus in YSCBW was at a very low level due to the low temperature and low food concentration. It is concluded that the dramatic decrease of C. sinicus population in the shelf area of China seas in summer is caused by the shrinkage of its distribution area and the YSCBW served as an oversummering site.
Achieving High Performance in the Public Sector

In the past few decades, various attempts have been made to improve performance in the public sector. These improvement programs have had mixed and sometimes even detrimental results. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for methods that enable organizations to achieve sustainable high performance. One such method is offered by the high-performance organization framework, describing the five success factors that create a high-performance organization (HPO). By focusing on these HPO factors, public sector organizations could considerably increase their chance of becoming high performing. Research on HPOs shows that public sector organizations worldwide score significantly lower on the HPO factors than excellent (predominantly private sector) organizations do, which suggests that the public sector holds a great deal of room for improvement. Further, HPO research identified six specific public sector improvement themes that need to be addressed to improve the scores on the HPO factors in public organizations: (a) identifying the profile of an excellent public sector manager, (b) strengthening the resoluteness of management, (c) excelling in the core competence of public sector organizations (i.e., client dedication), (d) improving the performance management process of the organization, (e) improving process management within the organization, and (f) increasing the quality of the workforce. If governments focused their attention on improving these themes, highperformance government organizations would be created that add significant value to society. This paper describes the HPO framework and the results of applying this framework in the public sector worldwide.
MORPHOGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TIMOTHY GROWN WITH VARYING N NUTRITION

The leaf area development of grasses and subsequently radiation interception depends on morphogenetic processes such as leaf extension and appearance. Leaf extension and appearance of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) grown with varying rates of N nutrition and their impact on sward structural characteristics were studied during primary growth in spring and during a summer regrowth. With no N applied in spring and summer, the leaf extension rate (LER) and the leaf appearance rate (LAR) of timothy were approximately 40% and 65% of that obtained under non-limiting N conditions (140 kg N ha−1 in spring and 120 kg N ha−1 in summer). Nitrogen deficiency reduced tiller density in spring but increased it in summer. The differential effect of the N deficiency on LER and LAR modified the sward structural characteristics. Nitrogen deficiency decreased the length of mature leaves, their width and the total leaf length per tiller. The reduced LER associated with N deficiency explained for the most part the N effect on lea.
Influence of Incision Location on Transmitter Loss, Healing, Survival, Growth, and Suture Retention of Juvenile Chinook Salmon

Abstract Fisheries research involving surgical implantation of transmitters necessitates the use of methods that minimize transmitter loss and fish mortality and optimize healing of the incision. We evaluated the effects of three incision locations on transmitter loss, healing, survival, growth, and suture retention in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. The three incision locations were (1) on the linea alba (LA incision), (2) adjacent and parallel to the LA (muscle-cutting [MC] incision), and (3) extending from the LA towards the dorsum at a 45° angle, between the parallel lines of myomeres (muscle-sparing [MS] incision). A Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System acoustic transmitter (0.44 g in air) and a passive integrated transponder tag (0.10 g in air) were implanted into each fish (total N = 936 fish). The fish were held at 12°C or 20°C and were examined weekly for 98 d. The progression of healing among incision locations and the variability in transmitter loss made it difficult to i.
The Characteristics of Domestic Firms: Materializing Productivity Spillovers from FDI

ABSTRACT Using detailed firm-level data from Turkey, for 1991–2001, we analyze the importance of domestic firm capabilities in allowing for productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment. The absorptive capacities we investigate are technology gap, export status, and human capital of domestic firms. The study contributes to the literature by offering an alternative measure of human capital that would be more relevant in a country where there are labor market imperfections. The results provide supporting evidence for the role played by the human capital of domestic firms, i.e., the ratio of skilled, in realizing mainly horizontal spillovers.
The Effect of Dietary Fat Inclusion on Nutrient Intake and Reproductive Performance in Postpartum Awassi Ewes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary fat inclusion on nutrient intake, body weight, milk production, return to estrus, pregnancy and lambing of winter-lambing, postpartum Awassi ewes. Thirty multiparous, winter-lambing Awassi ewes (body weight=51′7.0 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (n=10) for 62 days using a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were isonitrogenous, and were formulated to contain 0 (CON), 2.5 (MF), and 5% (HF) added fat, and 33% of the dietary crude protein (CP) as undegradable intake protein (UIP). On day 26 postpartum (day 0=parturition), ewes and their lambs were housed in individual pens for 28 days. Feed offered and refused was recorded daily. At the end of this period, ewes and their lambs within each treatment were combined into one group and fed their respective diet ad libitum. One fertile Awassi ram fitted with a marking harness was allowed with each group for 34 days. No significant (p>0.05) differences in dry matter intake, organic matter intake, and crude protein intake were observed for ewes fed the three experimental diets. No difference was observed in metabolizable energy intake (MEI) for ewes fed the CON and the MF diets (average 8.3 Mcal/d) diet. However, ewes fed the HF diet had greater (p<0.05) MEI compared with the rest of the treatments. Ewe body weights increased throughout the study, unaffected by the experimental diets. No significant differences in milk production were found among ewes fed the three experimental diets. No significant differences were observed in pregnancy rate (6/10, 5/10, 6/10 for CON, MF and HF diets, respectively), lambing rate and the number of lambs per ewe among the three treatments. These results indicate that fat inclusion to high concentrate diets does not improve postpartum reproductive performance of well-fed, winter-lambing Awassi ewes.
Relation of Egg Number to Carapace Length of Sidestripe Shrimp (Pandalopsis dispar) from Dabob Bay, Washington

A linear relation was found between egg number and carapace length in a sample of 244 sidestripe shrimp, Pandalopsis dispar. There was an average error of 6% in estimates of egg number. Ovigerous sidestripe shrimp from Dabob Bay are smaller than those of Vancouver Island, and have lower egg counts than those of Alaska.
Seasonal fine‐root biomass development of sour orange trees grown in atmospheres of ambient and elevated CO2 concentration

Sour orange trees have been grown from the seedling stage out-of-doors at Phoenix, Arizona, USA, in open-top enclosures with clear plastic walls for 3.5 years. For the last 3 years of this period, half of the trees have been continuously exposed to air enriched with CO2 to 300 μmol mol−1 above the ambient concentration. At 2-month intervals over the last 12 months, we have determined the fine-root biomass in the top 0.4 m of the soil profile beneath the trees. Results from both treatments define a single relationship between fine-root biomass and trunk cross-sectional area. The data also show the CO2-enriched trees to have approximately 2.3 times more fine-root biomass in this soil layer than the trees grown in ambient air.
How Do Investment, Fundamentals, and Stock Prices Relate Around the World?

ABSTRACT We assemble a novel data set of industry panel data for the corporate sector and the entire economy across a number of countries to explore the connection between investment and stock prices. The link is present in all samples, in both the aggregate and industry dimensions, and increases with stock market development. Fundamentals are less related to prices in underdeveloped markets but are similarly related to investment everywhere. Thus, the active informant interpretation does not seem to be the main force behind the stock market–investment relationship. In addition, industries that are more dependent on equity finance, and where investors are strongest, exhibit higher sensitivity to prices, especially in developed markets.
Beak Trimming Benefits Vary Among Egg-Strain Pullets of Different Genetic Stocks,

Abstract The current study examined the effects of three beak treatments and three genetic stocks of White Leghorn pullets on part-year egg production and losses from cannibalistic pecking. Special attention was directed towards the consistency of beak treatment effects over genetic stock. Both beak treatment and genetic stock influenced losses from cannibalistic pecking, and beak treatment by genetic stock interactions were found for several traits. When beaks were intact, two stocks had relatively minor incidences of cannibalism but the third had heavy losses; mean percentages of pullets lost were . 7, 2.8, and 18.1, respectively. When beak trimming was carried out once or twice during the rearing period, death losses to 44 wk were so infrequent among all stocks that chi-square analyses were not justified. Inconsistent effects of beak treatment on egg production traits were detected among the three stocks. One stock was not influenced by beak treatment, another benefited somewhat erratically, and the third stock benefited substantially in terms of hen-housed production.
Re-evaluation of the phylogenetic position of the genus Dexiotrichides (Protozoa, Ciliophora Scuticociliatida) inferred from stomatogenetic and molecular information for Dexiotrichides pangi

Abstract The divisional process and systematic position of the marine scuticociliate Dexiotrichides pangi are studied. Based on both stomatogenetic data and 18S rDNA gene sequences, the phylogeny and morphogenetic characteristics of this taxon, and of other related genera, are analyzed and discussed. Both the divisionary events and the molecular biological data indicate that this species/genus, together with certain other genera in the Dexiotricha-complex, occupies an intermediate position between the tetrahymenids and the “typical” scuticociliate∼ which suggests that the Dexiotricha-like taxa should be excluded from the “true” scuticociliates. As a further contribution, the process of stomatogenesis in D. pangi can be summarized as follows: (1) The oral primordia in the opisthe are formed only by the proliferation of basal bodies in the scutica field, which subsequently develop into three membranelles, while the new paroral membrane seems to be generated by the sub-anterior portion of somatic kinety 1 (t.
In vivo milk digestion in the calf abomasum. II: Milk and whey proteolysis

Peptide products insoluble in 12 % TCA and obtained in the proximal duodenum of calves at different times after ingestion of casein solutions were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electrofocusing and SDS pore gradient gel electrophoresis. With a 3 % whole-casein solution in water the disappearance of electrophoretic bands corresponding to as1 and caseins was observed after about 1 h 30. After 3 h and up to 7 h very acidic peptides appeared. With a 3 % whole-casein solution in simulated milk ultrafiltrate, comparable patterns were obtained. Nevertheless, the acidic peptides appeared sooner, i. e. they were already detected in the first sample collected after meal ingestion. With the 2 diets, the importance of gastric proteolysis was demonstrated by the appearance of a great number of peptides of various sizes, charges and pHi. On the other hand, an effect of salts on casein proteolysis was detected.
Specific polyamine ratios as indicators of Pinus caribaea microshoot rooting phases

Abstract This study analysed the changes in the endogenous levels of total and individual polyamines (PAs) during the different rooting phases in Pinus caribaea microshoots: induction, induction-initiation and functional root system emergence. The analysis, performed using high-resolution liquid chromatography, demonstrated that during the inductive phase there is a drop in total PA content in all the fractions, with an increase in the degradation product diaminopropane. In the induction-initiation phase PAs are present in all the fractions. The microshoots with root nodules always presented higher Putrescine (Put) levels, whereas those that did not have them had similar spermidine and Put levels, while maintaining elevated spermine levels. The comparative analysis of microshoots with and without a rooting response indicates that high PA levels are maintained when root manifestation does not occur, coinciding with basal callus formation.
Results of the WMT16 Metrics Shared Task

This paper presents the results of the WMT16 Metrics Shared Task. We asked participants of this task to score the outputs of the MT systems involved in the WMT16 Shared Translation Task. We collected scores of 16 metrics from 9 research groups. In addition to that, we computed scores of 9 standard metrics (BLEU, SentBLEU, NIST, WER, PER, TER and CDER) as baselines. The collected scores were evaluated in terms of system-level correlation (how well each metric’s scores correlate with WMT16 official manual ranking of systems) and in terms of segment level correlation (how often a metric agrees with humans in comparing two translations of a particular sentence). This year there are several additions to the setup: large number of language pairs (18 in total), datasets from different domains (news, IT and medical), and different kinds of judgments: relative ranking (RR), direct assessment (DA) and HUME manual semantic judgments. Finally, generation of large number of hybrid systems was trialed for provision of more conclusive system-level metric rankings.
Molecular identification of Chinese cultivated Porphyra (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) based on the rDNA internal transcribed spacer-1 sequence and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

Abstract Porphyra yezoensis Ueda and P. tenera Kjellman are two common commercial seaweeds cultivated in China, but it is difficult to identify them routinely because they are morphologically and systematically very close. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region of nine selected Porphyra cultivars from China were sequenced and determined. Combined with some ITS-1 data from GenBank, the phylogenetic analysis inferred from the neighbour-joining method indicated that the Porphyra species in this study exhibited clear taxonomic relationships and could be identified clearly to species. Based on the results, the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to distinguish 12 Porphyra cultivars, some of which turn out to be different lineages of the same Porphyra species. Eight specific RAPD markers were scored and used to construct a fingerprint that could distinctly identify different Porphyra cultivars. The results suggest that both the rDNA ITS-1 sequence and RAPD markers are useful methods to identify Porphyra cultivars, and may also be valid for phylogenetic and taxonomic studies.
Eelgrass, Zostera marina, growth along depth gradients: upper boundaries of the variation as a powerful predictive tool

1200 measurements of eelgrass (Zostera marina) biomass, shoot density and cover along 19 depth gradients in Oresund, located between Denmark and Sweden, were analysed to characterise growth of eelgrass in relation to depth. The large data set allowed analyses of boundaries of distribution as well as of average trends. Natural variability is large in shallow water where populations are disturbed by wave action and other physical parameters. Models based on average values, therefore, did not adequately describe growth regulation by resources, and only explained a minor part (up to 30%) of the overall variation in data. In contrast, boundary functions, which describe the upper bounds of distributions, focus on the variation produced by the ultimately growth-regulating resource, and therefore provide models with high predictive power. An exponential model explained up to 90% of the variation in upper bounds of eelgrass shoot density as a function of depth and indicated that shoot density was ultimately regulated by light availability. The boundary functions demonstrated that eelgrass shoot density, biomass and cover followed markedly different patterns as functions of depth and were affected differently by the factors governing their distribution. In addition, boundary functions revealed informative spatial structures in data and illustrated whether a given general trend was caused by changes in maximum values, minimum values or both. For example, upper and lower boundaries of biomass-shoot density relations changed markedly with depth, demonstrating depth-related changes in intraspecific succession and competition patterns. Boundary functions are therefore suggested as a promising tool for analysing ultimate regulating factors of distribution and growth of organisms when large data sets are available.
Effect of phosphorus levels and biofertilizer on yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed condition

An experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2008–09 to 2009–10 consecutively at Kumarganj, Faizabad to study the effect of phosphorus and biofertilizer on growth, yield and quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed condition. Application of 60 kg P2O5/ha significantly increased the number of nodules/plant, fresh and dry weight of nodules/plant, yield attributes and seed, straw and biological yields. Application of phosphorus increased the N and P uptake up to 60 kg P2O5/ha. Peat based biofertilizer inoculation (PSB+Rhizo) at 1.60 kg/ha was used for seed inoculation which gave significantly higher number of nodules, fresh and dry weight of nodules, seed, straw and biological yields and nutrient uptake compared to uninoculation and PSB or Rhizobium inoculation alone.
Biocontrol of Meloidogyne javanica on Tomato Plants by Hypocrea lixii (the Teleomorph of Trichoderma harzianum)

In the present study, we studied the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum (its teleomorph is Hypocrea lixii) against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. T. harzianum used in this study was confirmed using the phylogenetic analyses of the LSU rDNA sequence. T. harzianum was grouped consistently with its teleomorph H. lixii in a highly supported clade within the family Hypocreaceae. Eggs treatment with H. lixii at 107 colony forming unit per mL (cfu/mL) infected 89.2% of eggs compared with 0.4% in the control. In addition, the fungus decreased the egg-hatching rate by 8.8%. Treatment of M. javanica second stage (J2) with culture filtrates of H. lixii caused 64.5% mortality of J2 in after 72 h of exposure. Under greenhouse conditions, all treatments reduced disease severity and enhanced plant growth compared with the untreated control. H. lixii reduced the number of galls (49), the number of egg masses (32.8), and the number of eggs per egg mass (399.8) compared to the inoculated control. Plant height, root length, and the fresh and dry plant weights were significantly reduced by infection with M. javanica; however, prior application of H. lixii prevented this reduction. Application of the fungus not only had a toxic effect on the nematode but also enhanced plant growth, supplying many nutritional elements and inducing systemic resistance in the plants. We demonstrated that application of H. lixii to the soil at a concentration of 106 or 107 cfu/mL is required for sufficient biocontrol of M. javanica.