Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detoxification of Cadmium on Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Natural Chelator of Fruiting Body Extract of Ganoderma lucidum

Cadmium is a heavy metal pollutant sourced from various industries and toxic to the kidneys. Cadmium exposure can be used natural chelator of ethanol extract of the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. The aim of the study was to determine the effect and effective dose of the ethanolic extract of the fruiting body of G. lucidum on reducing the toxicity effect of cadmium in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain. The research design was experimental research, which consisted of 5 treatment levels. The research parameters were blood cadmium, β2-microglobulin, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels. The ethanolic extract of fruiting body of G. lucidum was tested by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) to determine linalool as active compounds. The results of each parameter had a significant effect, which decreased blood cadmium, β2M and MDA levels, and increased SOD level that linear according to the addition of the dose of ethanol extract of the fruiting body of G. lucidum. Blood cadmium levels with β2M and MDA levels had a positive correlation, while blood cadmium levels with SOD levels had a negative correlation. The dominant compound detected was linalool which has potential as a radical scavenger. The dose of 750 mg.kgBW-1 is the effective dose of the ethanolic extract of fruiting body of G. lucidum based on a decrease in blood cadmium levels (54.10%), β2M (63.94%) and MDA (20.31%), as well as an increase in SOD levels (14.20%) compared to sick control.
Phytochemical Profile and Antimicrobial Potential of Propolis Samples from Kazakhstan

In the current paper, we present the results of Kazakh propolis investigations. Due to limited data about propolis from this country, research was focused mainly on phytochemical analysis and evaluation of propolis antimicrobial activity. uHPLC-DAD (ultra-high-pressure-liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection, UV/VIS) and uHPLC-MS/MS (ultra-high-pressure-liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry) were used to phytochemical characteristics while antimicrobial activity was evaluated in the serial dilution method (MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration, and MBC/MFC, minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentration measurements). In the study, Kazakh propolis exhibited a strong presence of markers characteristic of poplar-type propolis—flavonoid aglycones (pinocembrin, galangin, pinobanksin and pinobanskin-3-O-acetate) and hydroxycinnamic acid monoesters (mainly caffeic acid phenethyl ester and different isomers of caffeic acid prenyl ester). The second plant precursor of Kazakh propolis was aspen–poplar with 2-acetyl-1,3-di-p-coumaroyl glycerol as the main marker. Regarding antimicrobial activity, Kazakh propolis revealed stronger activity against reference Gram-positive strains (MIC from 31.3 to above 4000 mg/L) and yeasts (MIC from 62.5 to 1000 mg/L) than against reference Gram-negative strains (MIC ≥ 4000 mg/L). Moreover, Kazakh propolis showed good anti-Helicobacter pylori activity (MIC and MBC were from 31.3 to 62.5 mg/L). All propolis samples were also tested for H. pylori urease inhibitory activity (IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentration, ranged from 440.73 to 11,177.24 µg/mL). In summary Kazakh propolis are potent antimicrobial agents and may be considered as a medicament in the future.
Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy on Electron-Boson Interactions in Superconductors

This work describes the experimental study of electron-boson interactions in superconductors by means of inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy performed with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at temperatures below 1 K. This new approach allows the direct measurement of the Eliashberg function of conventional superconductors as demonstrated on lead (Pb) and niobium (Nb). Preparative experiments on unconventional iron-pnictides are presented in the end.
Examining public perception and cognitive biases in the presumed influence of deepfakes threat: empirical evidence of third person perception from three studies

ABSTRACT Deepfakes have a pernicious realism advantage over other common forms of disinformation, yet little is known about how citizens perceive deepfakes. Using the third-person effects framework, this study is one of the first attempts to examine public perceptions of deepfakes. Evidence across three studies in the US and Singapore supports the third-person perception (TPP) bias, such that individuals perceived deepfakes to influence others more than themselves (Study 1–3). The same subjects also show a bias in perceiving themselves as better at discerning deepfakes than others (Study 1–3). However, a deepfakes detection test suggests that the third-person perceptual gaps are not predictive of the real ability to distinguish fake from real (Study 3). Furthermore, the biases in TPP and self-perceptions about their own ability to identify deepfakes are more intensified among those with high cognitive ability (Study 2-3). The findings contribute to third-person perception literature and our current understanding of citizen engagement with deepfakes.
Lifetime measurements of excited levels in C II and C III by beam-foil experiments

Using the beam-foil excitation method we have measured lifetimes for several displaced terms and singly-excited levels in C II-III, some of which are of astrophysical interest. The lifetimes were determined accurately by means of the ANDC: CANDY method wherever possible. Our results agree very well with the predictions of the close-coupling approximations except for the 2s2p4f 2F terms. We observe that, in general, the replacement of calculated wavelengths by the observed ones in the transition probability of the concerned channel improves the agreement further. The transition probabilities have been computed wherever possible.
Ion-acoustic solitons in multi-component plasmas including negative ions at critical densities

Ion-acoustic solitons in a plasma with different adiabatic ion constituents and isothermal electrons are studied via a reductive perturbation method. The basic fluid equations then give rise to KdV or modified KdV equations, depending upon the relative ion densities. At critical densities, rarefactive and compressive fast ion-acoustic solitons are possible. Explicit stationary solutions are discussed in the special case of cold ions, in a plasma containing two species of negative ions and one of positive ions. The inclusion of heavier ions, even at low densities, increases the amplitudes of the critical solitons.
Comparison of Diagnostic Performance and Image Quality between Topup-Corrected and Standard Readout-Segmented Echo-Planar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Cholesteatoma Diagnostics

This study compares the diagnostic performance and image quality of single-shot turbo spin-echo DWI (tseDWI), standard readout-segmented DWI (rsDWI), and a modified rsDWI version (topupDWI) for cholesteatoma diagnostics. Thirty-four patients with newly suspected unilateral cholesteatoma were examined on a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by calculating and comparing the sensitivity and specificity using histopathological results as the standard of reference. Image quality was independently reviewed by two readers using a 5-point Likert scale evaluating image distortions, susceptibility artifacts, image resolution, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence. Twenty-five cholesteatomas were histologically confirmed after surgery and originated in the study group. TseDWI showed the highest sensitivity with 96% (95% confidence interval (CI): 88–100%), followed by topupDWI with 92% (95% CI: 81–100%) for both readers. The sensitivity for rsDWI was 76% (95% CI: 59–93%) for reader 1 and 84% (95% CI: 70–98%) for reader 2, respectively. Both tseDWI and topupDWI revealed a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 66–100%) and rsDWI of 89% (95% CI: 52–100%). Both tseDWI and topupDWI showed fewer image distortions and susceptibility artifacts compared to rsDWI. Image resolution was consistently rated best for topupDWI, followed by rsDWI, which both outperformed tseDWI. TopupDWI and tseDWI showed comparable results for lesions’ conspicuity and diagnostic confidence, both outperforming rsDWI. Modified readout-segmented DWI using the topup-correction method is preferable to standard rsDWI and may be regarded as an accurate alternative to single-shot turbo spin-echo DWI in cholesteatoma diagnostics.
Slow and Fast-Growing Chickens Use Different Antioxidant Pathways to Maintain Their Redox Balance during Postnatal Growth

Simple Summary The objective of this study was to measure the evolution with age of the antioxidant defense ability of two strains of chicken with fast or slow growth rates. Several parameters related to metabolic status, redox balance, and antioxidant defense activity were measured from hatching to 42 days of age, in liver, muscle (breast and thigh), and in plasma. Our results confirm the high level of oxidative stress just after hatching in chicks and, consequently, a high need for antioxidant defense during this period. Several enzymes or molecules, whose levels fall during the first week or two after hatching, would help to ensure this need. The antioxidant pathways used to maintain redox balance change with age and may differ between slow- and fast-growing chickens. SOD activity appears to be a key player in the antioxidant response of slow-growing chickens, while uric acid is thought to play a more important role in fast-growing chickens, particularly at the end of rearing. Abstract The evolution of parameters known to be relevant indicators of energy status, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense in chickens was followed. These parameters were measured weekly from 1 to 42 days in plasma and/or muscles and liver of two strains differing in growth rate. At 1-day old, in plasma, slow-growing (SG) chicks were characterized by a high total antioxidant status (TAS), probably related to higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and uric acid levels compared to fast-growing (FG) chicks whereas the lipid peroxidation levels were higher in the liver and muscles of SG day-old chicks. Irrespective of the genotype, the plasma glutathione reductase (GR) and peroxidase (GPx) activities and levels of hydroperoxides and α- and γ-tocopherols decreased rapidly post-hatch. In the muscles, lipid peroxidation also decreased rapidly after hatching as well as catalase, GR, and GPx activities, while the SOD activity increased. In the liver, the TAS was relatively stable the first week after hatching while the value of thio-barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and GR activity increased and GPx and catalase activities decreased. Our study revealed the strain specificities regarding the antioxidant systems used to maintain their redox balance over the life course. Nevertheless, the age had a much higher impact than strain on the antioxidant ability of the chickens.
Actinomycin-X2-Immobilized Silk Fibroin Film with Enhanced Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Activities

Actinomycin is a family of chromogenic lactone peptides that differ in their peptide portions of the molecule. An antimicrobial peptide, actinomycin X2 (Ac.X2), was produced through the fermentation of a Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus strain. Immobilization of Ac.X2 onto a prepared silk fibroin (SF) film was done through a carbodiimide reaction. The physical properties of immobilized Ac.X2 (antimicrobial films, AMFs) were analyzed by ATR-FTIR, SEM, AFM, and WCA. The findings from an in vitro study showed that AMFs had a more broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli compared with free Ac.X2, which showed no apparent strong effect against E. coli. These AMFs showed a suitable degradation rate, good hemocompatibility, and reduced cytotoxicity in the biocompatibility assay. The results of in vivo bacterially infected wound healing experiments indicated that wound inflammation was prevented by AMFs, which promoted wound repair and improved the wound microenvironment. This study revealed that Ac.X2 transformation is a potential candidate for skin wound healing.
Enhanced recovery after spinal surgery protocol versus conventional care in non- insulin diabetic patients: A prospective randomized trial

ABSTRACT Background Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) approach was proven in many surgical specialties. This prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial was designed to assess the effectiveness of ERAS on quality of recovery (QOR) after surgery in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Patients and methods 72 patients undergoing elective lumbar decompressive surgery were randomly allocated to one of two equal groups receiving either ERAS protocol in group E or conventional care in group C. QOR after surgery using QOR-40 score, pain score, perioperative opioid consumption, time to early ambulation, serum markers of stress response, length of stay and possible perioperative complications were recorded. Results QOR-40 scores were significantly greater in group E at PACU, first postoperative day and second postoperative day (P = 0.015, 0.041 and 0.048, respectively). VAS was significantly lower in group E in the first eight hours postoperative. Time to first postoperative analgesic requirement was significantly longer in group E (P = 0.0001). Intraoperative fentanyl and postoperative nalbuphine requirements were significantly less in group E (P = 0.001, and 0.0001, respectively). Time to early ambulation was significantly less in group E (P = 0.006). Both CRP and interleukin-6 were significantly less at the second postoperative day in group E (P = 0.001, and 0.017, respectively). There was insignificant difference among groups in length of hospital stay and intraoperative insulin requirements (P = 0.251, and 0.347, respectively). Conclusion In non-insulin diabetic patients, enhanced recovery after spinal surgery improved quality of recovery, lowered pain scores, reduced perioperative opioid consumption, allowed early ambulation and decreased stress response but not length of hospital stay.
Spectral Characteristics of Surface-Layer Turbulence

The behaviour of spectra and cospectra of turbulence in the surface layer is described within the framework of similarity theory using wind and temperature fluctuation data obtained in the 1968 AFCRL Kansas experiments. With appropriate normalization, the spectra and cospectra are each reduced to a family of curves which spread out according to z/L at low frequencies but converge to a single universal curve in the inertial subrange. The paper compares these results with data obtained by other investigators over both land and water. Spectral constants for velocity and temperature are determined and the variability in the recent estimates of the constants is discussed. The high-frequency behaviour is consistent with local isotropy. In the inertial subrange, where the spectra fall as n−5/3, the cospectra fall faster: uω and ωθ as n−7/3, and uθ, on the average, as n−5/2. The 4/3 ratio between the transverse and longitudinal spectral levels is observed at wavelengths of the order of the height above ground under unstable conditions and at wavelengths of the order of L/10 under stable conditions. This lower isotropic limit is shown to be governed by the combined effects of shear and buoyancy on small-scale eddies.
Transition Radiation from a Modulated Electron Beam

It appears most natural to try to explain the Schwarz‐Hora effect as transition radiation that is emitted when a modulated beam enters a target composed of either a good metallic conductor or a dielectric material. This study comes to the conclusion that the signal‐to‐noise ratio at the beam current reported by Schwarz and Hora is so small that transition radiation could not be observed. One is thus led to the conclusion that transition radiation cannot explain the light emission that Schwarz and Hora have observed.
Development of an Educational Chatbot System for Enhancing Students’ Biology Learning Performance

In traditional biology classrooms, teachers do not have enough class time to interact with students, and students often do not have the opportunities to raise questions in class. Therefore, out of class, students may not have sufficient ability to learn and review biology knowledge based on faulty foundations. To address the problem, it is important to provide suitable learning tools to support students conducting biology learning out of class. In recent years, chatbots have been adopted in various fields for providing instant interactions and supports to users. Therefore, by using chatbot technologies in biology education, students can interact with a chatbot out of class anytime and anywhere and further obtain instant learning supports. Bearing this in mind, the aim of this study is to propose a biology learning chatbot system that can support students to learn biology out of class. Moreover, a quasi-experiment was designed for a grade 7 biology course in a junior high school. 34 students were asked to participate in the experiment and divided into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental results indicated that the proposed chatbot system had a positive impact on students’ learning achievements in traditional biology learning.
Variability in Celiac Serology Testing by Provider Type: A Single-Center Experience

Objective: To evaluate the ordering practices of celiac disease (CD) serologies by providers at a tertiary, academic, Children’s Hospital and compare them to guidelines and best practices. Methods: We analyzed celiac serologies ordered in 2018 by provider type (pediatric gastrointestinal (GI) specialists, primary care providers (PCPs), and nonpediatric GI specialists), and identified causes for variability and nonadherence. Results: The antitissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG) IgA was ordered (n = 2504) most frequently by gastroenterologists (43%), endocrinologists (22%), and other (35%). Total IgA was ordered with tTG IgA for screening purposes in 81% of overall cases, but endocrinologists ordered it only 49% of the time. The tTG IgG was ordered infrequently (1.9%) compared with tTG IgA. Antideaminated gliadin peptide (DGP) IgA/IgG levels were also infrequently ordered (5.4%) compared with tTG IgA. The antiendomysial antibody was ordered sparingly (0.9%) compared with tTG IgA, but appropriately by providers with expertise in CD, similar to ordering for celiac genetics (0.8%). Of the celiac genetic tests, 15% were ordered in error. The positivity rate of the tTG IgA ordered by PCPs was 4.4%. Conclusions: The tTG IgA was appropriately ordered by all types of providers. Endocrinologists inconsistently ordered total IgA levels with screening labs. DGP IgA/IgG tests were not commonly ordered but were inappropriately ordered by one provider. The low number of ordered antiendomysial antibody and celiac genetic tests suggests under-utilization of the nonbiopsy approach. The positive yield of tTG IgA ordered by PCPs was higher compared with previous studies.
Theoretical investigation of nitrogen substitution in cubic zirconia

Nitrogen substitution of oxygen ions in cubic zirconia was studied theoretically at density functional level. Nitrogen contents of 12.5 and $3.1%$ were studied with ${\mathrm{Zr}}_{8}{\mathrm{O}}_{16\ensuremath{-}m}{\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Zr}}_{32}{\mathrm{O}}_{64\ensuremath{-}m}{\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ supercells. For both nitrogen concentrations three stoichiometries were considered ($m=2$, 3, and 4). The stability and electronic structure of local nitrogen-oxygen vacancy configurations was calculated. Several stable defect clusters were found. Their structures depend on nitrogen concentration and stoichiometry. The formation of stable defect clusters explains the experimentally observed nitrogen concentration-dependent increase of activation barriers for anion diffusion in zirconia.
Analyzing and Validating a Structure for Measuring the Nurse Practice Environment

Nurse shortages pose a challenge in many countries and retaining existing nursing staff is crucial to addressing these shortages. To inform possible interventions aimed at retaining nurses, managers need a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the nurse practice environment. The scales from two of the main instruments used to assess nurses’ practice environments are tested. A survey of an online panel obtained responses from 459 Australian nurses. Analyses determined a combination of items with good construct validity and improved predictive utility for outcomes of interest for individual nurses. By essentially combining the best items from each instrument, a more comprehensive representation of the nurse work environment is obtained with improved predictive utility. The resulting combined set of scales is recommended for analyses of the nurse working environment and uses a combined set of scales from each of the two source instruments, namely: nurse participation in hospital affairs, recognition, nursing process, peer work standards, nursing competence, orientation, managers, resources, nurse–physician collaboration, and positive scheduling climate. Future research can then build on that strong set of items with a validated structure and predictive utility to inform management and interventions.
Ideas and Methods of Supersymmetry and Supergravity: Or a Walk Through Superspace

Preface. Mathematical background: The Poincar^D'e group, the Lorentz group Finite-dimensional representations of ^ISpin(3,1) The Lorentz algebra Two-component and four-component spinors Representations of the Poincar^D'e group Elements of differential geometry and gravity The conformal group The mass-shell field representation Elements of algebra with supernumbers Elements of analysis with supernumbers The supergroup of general coordinate transformations on R^Tp/q. Supersymmetry and superspace: Introduction: from R^Tp/q to supersymmetry Superalgebras, Grassmann-shells and super Lie groups The Poincar^D'e superalgebra Unitary representation of the Poincar^D'e superalgebra Real superspace R^T4/4 and superfields Complex superspace C^T4/2, chiral superfields and covariant derivatives The on-shell massive superfield representations The on-shell massless superfield representations From superfields to component fields The superconformal group. Field theory in superspace: Supersymmetric field theory Wess-Zumino model Supersymmetric nonlinear sigma-models Vector multiplet models Supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories Geometric approach to super Yang-Mills theories Classically equivalent theories. Quantized superfields: Picture-change operators Equivalence of component field and superfield perturbation theories Effective action (super) funtional The Wess-Zumino model: perturbative analysis Note about gauge theories Feynman rules for super Yang-Mills theories Renormalization Examples of counterterm calculations: an alternative technique Superfield effective potential. Superspace geometry of supergravity: Gauge group of supergravity and supergravity fields Superspace differential geometry Supergeometry with conformal supergravity constraints Prepotentials Einstein supergravity Prepotential de formations Supercurrent and supertrace Supergravity in components. Dynamics in supergravity: Pure supergravity dynamics Linearized supergravity Superg