Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The production of irregular citizenship through mobile governmentalities: racism against roma at the security-mobility nexus

ABSTRACT This article uses the case study of the European Roma to demonstrate the importance of mobile governmentalities in regulating mobility and citizenship. These are political technologies in which mobility itself is turned into a strategy to govern mobility, particularly through keeping people on the move. Whereas most studies about mobility and migration focus on the governing of mobilities and on interrelated biopolitical mechanisms, I extend these investigations to mobile governmentalities, which include what I call governing and securitizing through ‘nomadization’, as well as through what William Walters calls ‘viapolitics’. The latter is a form of governing that considers vehicles, routes and journeys as mobile sites of power and contestation in their own right. Through an examination of a historical case study about Dutch Roma and a contemporary one about Roma in France, I show that not only camps and halting sites, but also routes, vehicles and mobility itself are to be understood as technologies of securitizing and racializing minorities such as Roma, thereby turning them into irregular citizens.
Fishhooks, Lures, and Sinkers: Intensive Manufacture of Marine Technology from the Terminal Pleistocene at Makpan Cave, Alor Island, Indonesia

Abstract While fishhook technology is currently known to date back to ca. 22,000 cal. BP, almost all Pleistocene-aged assemblages consist of less than 10 artifacts, restricting the ability of archaeologists to reconstruct the technology. Excavations at Makpan Cave on Alor Island (Indonesia), however, has recovered an extensive assemblage of marine shell material culture, including an unprecedented number of fishhook artifacts. Here we describe 214 jabbing and rotating fishhooks made from marine gastropods, along with several possible lures, coral tools associated with their construction, and coral sinkers. Recovery of debitage as well as fishhooks in all stages of manufacture, from blanks through to fully finished examples, allow for a complete chaîne opératoire to be constructed for both main forms (jabbing and rotating) of shell fishhooks. The assemblage indicates a wide-ranging approach to marine resource extraction at Makpan over the past 15,000 years with fishhooks ranging between around 1 cm to over 5 cm long all occurring during the same period.
Thermo‐Mechanical Numerical Modeling of the South American Subduction Zone: A Multi‐Parametric Investigation

The South American subduction zone is enigmatic due to its fast subducting plate consumption, strong oscillation in subducting plate velocity, and deep mantle subduction. A key to help understand these subduction zone characteristics is through studying its dynamics with buoyancy‐driven numerical modeling that uses independent variables to best approximate the dynamics of the real subduction system. We conduct a parametric investigation on the effect of upper mantle rheology, subduction interface yield stress and slab thermal weakening. To constrain those model variables, we attempt to find best‐fits by comparing our model outcomes with the present‐day slab geometry and estimates of Cenozoic velocities in the center of the South American subduction zone. Key ingredients that need to be reproduced are low slab dip angles close to the surface, steeper lower mantle dip angles, strong oscillation of the fast Farallon‐Nazca subducting plate velocity and a progressive decrease in trench retreat rate during long‐term subduction. We include these ingredients to define a model fitting score using 10 criteria. Our best fitting models involve a weak subduction zone interface (yield stress of ∼20 MPa) and significant slab thermal weakening to attain the fast Farallon‐Nazca subducting plate velocity and to better reproduce the subduction partitioning since 48 Ma due to reduced shear stresses resisting downdip slab sinking and reduced slab bending resistance. Furthermore, a non‐Newtonian upper mantle promotes slab folding and realistic oscillation of the subducting plate velocity. Whether and how this slab folding process induces temporal variations in Andean deformation remains an open question.
Valuation of harvested goods in Mida Creek with application of the TESSA approach

Mangroves are considered a highly productive blue forests resource providing services that are important to the community both locally and globally. In recent times there has been an increase in studies on valuation of ecosystem services provided by mangroves. However, there is need to provide a simplified approach to identify, assess and quantify ecosystem services. In this study the Toolkit for Ecosystem Services Site-based Assessment (TESSA) was used to assess the value of harvested goods provided by the mangroves of Mida Creek in the current state and under plausible alternative scenarios. Spatial methods (GIS) were used to collect data for the period 1985-2019, and household interviews were used to collect data on harvested goods. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize quantitative data. Results show that the estimated current annual value of harvested goods in Mida Creek is US$ 11.2 million. This value increased to US$ 14.3 million under the conservation scenario and reduced to US$ 10.9 million under the business as usual scenario (BAU). These findings add to the growing literature on ecosystem service valuation and the need to use site-specific non-modelling tools like TESSA.
ASHLEY: A New Empirical Model for the High‐Latitude Electron Precipitation and Electric Field

In this study, a new high‐latitude empirical model is introduced, named for Auroral energy Spectrum and High‐Latitude Electric field variabilitY (ASHLEY). This model improves specifications of soft electron precipitations and electric field variability that are not well represented in existing high‐latitude empirical models. ASHLEY consists of three components, ASHLEY‐A, ASHLEY‐E, and ASHLEY‐Evar, which are developed based on the electron precipitation and bulk ion drift measurements from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites during the most recent solar cycle. On the one hand, unlike most existing high‐latitude electron precipitation models, which have assumptions about the energy spectrum of incident electrons, the electron precipitation component of ASHLEY, ASHLEY‐A, provides the differential energy fluxes in the 19 DMSP energy channels under different geophysical conditions without making any assumptions about the energy spectrum. It has been found that the relaxation of spectral assumptions significantly improves soft electron precipitation specifications with respect to a Maxwellian spectrum (up to several orders of magnitude). On the other hand, ASHLEY provides consistent mean electric field and electric field variability under different geophysical conditions by ASHLEY‐E and ASHLEY‐Evar components, respectively. This is different from most existing electric field models which only focus on the large‐scale mean electric field and ignore the electric field variability. Furthermore, the consistency between the electric field and electron precipitation is better taken into account in ASHLEY.
Pterosaur remains from the Lower Cretaceous Lianmuxin Formation (upper Tugulu Group) of the southern Junggar Basin (NW China)

ABSTRACT The Lower Cretaceous Lianmuxin Formation (upper Tugulu Group) of the southern Junggar Basin has yielded a vertebrate assemblage of relatively low diversity that is dominated by sinemydid turtles. The assemblage currently includes a single pterosaur taxon, the dsungaripterid Lonchognathosaurus, known from a partial cranium and a partial left wing. Here two additional pterosaur specimens are reported, a well-preserved right distal carpal and a nearly complete but slightly crushed right femur. The carpal almost certainly belongs to a dsungaripterid pterosaur, which is distinct from Lonchognathosaurus. The femur shows many similarities to dsungaripterid femora and is probably also assignable to a dsungaripterid, although it possesses unusually thin bone-walls for the group. Due to a lack of overlapping skeletal material, it cannot be compared to Lonchognathosaurus. These specimens shed new light on the diversity of pterosaurs in the poorly known Lower Cretaceous Lianmuxin Formation of the southern Junggar Basin, indicating that probably more than one dsungaripterid taxon was present in the local assemblage.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of N-Salicylidene-α-aminoisobutyratoaquocopper(II)

The crystal structure of N-salicylidene-α-aminoisobutyratoaquocopper(II), [Cu{OOCC(CH3)2N=CHC6H4O}(H2O)], has been determined from the three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data. The crystals are monoclinic. The cell dimensions are: a=12.30, b=8.45, c=23.84 A, and β=91.0°. The space group is P21/c, with eight formula units in a unit cell. The structure has been refined by the least-squares method, with anisotropic temperature factors, to an R-value of 0.10. The molecular structures of the complex are essentially the same as those of N-salicyl ideneglycinatoaquocopper(II) hemihydrate and tetrahydrate. The environments of the copper(II) ions are square pyramidal, with one long and four short coordination bonds. The average distances of the two copper environments are: Cu–O, 1.912 and 1.945; Cu–N, 1.961; Cu–O(H2O), 1.989, and Cu–O′ (the bond to the carboxyl oxygen of the adjacent molecule), 2.344 A. The average bond distances of N=C in the salicylaldimine residue and of N–C in the α-aminoisobutyrate group are .
Eigenvalue optimisation-based centralised and decentralised stabilisation of time-delay systems

Both centralised and decentralised stabilisation of multi-input multi-output linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with discrete time-delays are considered. No restriction has been made on the number and type of the time-delays. The main objective is to design LTI finite-dimensional static/dynamic stabilising centralised/decentralised output feedback controllers. For this, the decentralised pole assignment algorithm developed for decentralised stabilisation of finite-dimensional systems is extended to the time-delay case. In this approach, decentralised controllers are designed sequentially, where a centralised design approach is used in each step. As the centralised design approach, the eigenvalue optimisation-based stabilisation method is utilised. Regarding the nonconvexity of the optimisation problem, an initialisation procedure, which determines the minimum possible dimension of the stabilising controller and the initial controller parameters, is developed. As a particular case of dynamic output feedback, the decentralised proportional-integral control is also considered. The proposed controller design methods are verified through numerical and practical examples.
A case report of cobalt cardiomyopathy leading to electric storm and cardiogenic shock: the importance of the orthopaedic background in patients with heart failure of unknown aetiology

Abstract Background The first series of cobalt cardiomyopathy was described in the 60s in relation to the abuse of a cobalt containing beer. Since then, millions of metal hip arthroplasties have been performed and a small number of cobalt cardiomyopathies related to metal prosthesis have been reported. Case summary We report a case of a 48-year-old man who developed a severe non-dilated restrictive cardiomyopathy in the setting of a systemic metallosis following several hip arthroplasties. The diagnosis was suspected by exclusion of other more common causes for restrictive cardiomyopathies and confirmed by the levels of cobalt and chromium in the serum and the endomyocardial biopsy performance that showed metal deposits in myocardial tissue. Despite the removal of the metal prosthesis and a significant decrease in serum metal levels, he suffered cardiogenic shock (CS) and electric storm that required emergency mechanical circulatory support as a bridge to heart transplant. Discussion Cobalt cardiomyopathy is a rare condition that has been observed in patients who develop cobalt toxicity after metal hip arthroplasty. The condition may improve after diagnosis and removal of the prosthesis or get worse and progress to end-stage heart failure or CS. The concern about the metal toxicity associated with metal hip prosthesis has increased in the last few years. Orthopaedic surgeons and cardiologists should be aware of this severe complication that is probably under diagnosed.
Recommendations for Reporting Sample and Measurement Information in Experience Sampling Studies

Over the last couple of decades, studies using the experience sampling methodology (ESM) have been used with increasing frequency within the management-related sciences as the method allows researchers the opportunity to investigate questions involving on-going, dynamic, intraindividual processes. Given the longitudinal nature of the methodology and the resulting multilevel data structure, there are sampleand measurement-related issues that make ESM studies different from other methods commonly used in management research. Consequently, ESM studies have demands for reporting sampleand measurement-related information that differ from more commonly used methods. In the current paper, we review the conceptual foundations of sample and measurement issues in ESM studies and report the findings of a survey of the ESM studies to identify current reporting practices. We then offer clear, easy to implement recommendations for reporting sampleand measurement-related aspects of ESM studies. We hope that these recommendations will improve reporting of ESM studies and allow readers the opportunity to more fully and comprehensively evaluate the research presented.
The Development and Adoption of Online Learning in Pre- and Post-COVID-19: Combination of Technological System Evolution Theory and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

After the outbreak of COVID-19, schools heavily depend on e-learning technologies and tools to shift from in-person class to online. This review article analyzes the changes of technology evolution and technology adoption of e-learning in pre- and post-COVID-19 based on the Technology System Evaluation Theory (TSET) and technology adoption of e-learning based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). We intend to explore the interaction of technology evolution and technology adoption in the different focus of e-learning technology in the two stages and the particularity and heterogeneity of the UTAUT model. The results indicate that (1) The moderating results of technology evolution are proposed and evaluated under the UTAUT model before the COVID-19 outbreak. Studies after the COVID-19 pandemic paid more attention to technology efficiency rather than effectiveness; (2) Research on e-learning focuses on the infrastructure to reach more users after the outbreak of COVID-19 because e-learning is the only way to continue education; (3) COVID-19 fear moderates the relationship between the external factors and the behavior intention of e-learning users. The lack of financial support on technology evolution will directly weaken the implementation of new technology. Social Isolation offers more opportunities for students to engage in e-learning. Meanwhile, it slows down the implementation of e-learning because of out-to-date hardware and software. This article offers an enhanced understanding of the interaction of technology evolution and technology adoption under unexpected environments and provides practical insights into how to promote new technology in a way that users will accept and use easily. This study can be tested and extended by empirical research in the future.
Evolution of the Cook Ice Cap (Kerguelen Islands) between the last centuries and 2100 ce based on cosmogenic dating and glacio-climatic modelling

Abstract The Cook Ice Cap (CIC) on the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands recently experienced extremely negative surface mass balance. Further deglaciation could have important impacts on endemic and invasive fauna and flora. To put this exceptional glacier evolution into a multi-centennial-scale context, we refined the evolution of the CIC over the last millennium, investigated the associated climate conditions and explored its potential evolution by 2100 ce. A glaciological model, constrained by cosmic ray exposure dating of moraines, historical documents and recent direct mass balance observations, was used to simulate the ice-cap extents during different phases of advance and retreat between the last millennium and 2100 ce. Cosmogenic dating suggests glacial advance around the early Little Ice Age (LIA), consistent with findings from other sub-Antarctic studies, and the rather cold and humid conditions brought about by the negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). This study contributes to our currently limited understanding of palaeoclimate for the early LIA in the southern Indian Ocean. Glaciological modelling and observations confirm the recent decrease in CIC extent linked to the intensification of the SAM. Although affected by large uncertainties, future simulations suggest a complete disappearance of CIC by the end of the century.
On the Reliability of Parameter Inferences in a Multiscale Model for Transport in Stream Corridors

Nonreacting tracer tests capture information about physical processes in transient storage zones including the hyporheic zone (HZ). However, reliably extracting this information from breakthrough curves (BTCs) and distinguishing the effects of in‐channel dispersion and transient storage are well‐known challenges. Using BTCs from a nonreacting tracer test monitored at multiple locations, we explore ways for reliable parameter estimations. The identifiability of parameters is greatly influenced by the choice of forward and inverse modeling frameworks in addition to the quality of the data. Our forward model is a recently proposed multiscale model that uses subgrid transport models written in the Lagrangian form to represent transport along a diverse set of HZ pathways with a shape‐free distribution of travel times. Joint distributions of HZ and channel parameters are estimated using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique. Numerical experiments show ambiguity between channel dispersion and HZ transport when the reach length is too short to allow significant solute‐HZ interaction, the observation period is too brief to observe the tailing behavior, or the solute source is spread in time. In contrast, we obtained reliable parameter estimates by simultaneously fitting BTCs observed at different locations in the test reach using a single set of HZ parameters and section‐specific channel areas and dispersion coefficients. This study demonstrates the estimation of travel time distributions, HZ exchange rates, and channel parameters in a new multiscale approach and offers guidance for extracting reliable parameter estimates from multiple BTCs.
A Spoonful of Sugar: Gamification as Means for Enhancing Employee Self-Leadership and Self-Concordance at Work

Organizations today continue to seek new and effective ways to engage and motivate their workers. Gamification is an emerging means for enhancing employee engagement and motivation at work. Self-leadership is a comprehensive self-influence process that has the potential to help employees find meaning and purpose from their jobs. This paper develops and presents a conceptual model of the relationships between gamification, self-leadership, and valued workplace outcomes. The model suggests that gamification elements trigger multiple self-leadership processes and states that interact in a multiplicative fashion leading to a state of self-concordance in which individuals perceive a close alignment between their work tasks and their personal interests and core values. This serial mediation model helps to explain how and why gamification operates through the mediating mechanisms of self-leadership and self-concordance to effect important individual and organizational outcomes. Future research directions and implications for the proposed conceptual model are also discussed.
Determination of soil grain size composition by measuring apparent weight of float submerged in suspension

Abstract Texture is one of the most significant physical properties of soils. Over the years, several methods of its measuring were developed. The paper presents a method for determining the particle size composition of soils, based on the separation of particles in the sedimentation process. Density of suspension is determined on the basis of apparent weight changes of a float submerged in it. The weight of the float suspended on a thin line, at a given depth in the suspension, is measured with a sensitive piezoelectric dynamometer. The Stokes equation is used to calculate the content of soil fractions with equivalent diameters in the range of 0.001 to 0.1 mm. Digital transmission of results from the dynamometer, the temperature sensor and measurements of the distance defining the depth of immersion of the float to the computer enable calculations of particle size composition to be performed automatically. This paper presents the results of measurements of the particle size composition of artificially generated mixtures of ‘silt’ and ‘clay’. The results are compared with results obtained with other methods (including the laser method). A high level of repeatability of the results and satisfactory compatibility in relation to the reference pipette method are noted.
Improvements in Cloud and Water Vapor Simulations Over the Tropical Oceans in CMIP6 Compared to CMIP5

Clouds and water vapor are among the most difficult quantities for global climate models to simulate because they are affected by physical processes that operate over scales unresolved by current climate models. We use NASA satellite data to assess the representation of clouds and water vapor structures in 28 climate models that participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Each model is assigned numerical scores based on its performance in simulating spatial mean, variance and pattern correlation of multi‐year mean clouds and water vapor structures in lower, middle, upper troposphere, and near the tropopause over tropical oceans. We find measurable improvements in CMIP6 models relative to CMIP5 models for both clouds and water vapor. The differences between models and satellite observations and the spread across the models are reduced. In addition, we find that the models' equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is correlated with overall performance scores for both CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, with a weaker correlation in CMIP6, suggesting that the models that capture better tropical clouds and water vapor distributions tend to have higher ECS. The physical processes responsible for the apparent correlation between ECS and model performance score warrant further study.
Linking Leadership Styles to Employee Performance in the Public Sector Organizations in Ghana: The Role of Organizational Commitment

The study examines the link between leadership styles and employee performance in the public sector organizations with respect to organizational commitment. A total of 330 respondents were selected from ten public sector organizations in Ghana. A PLS-SEM analysis was conducted and was found that organizational commitment partially mediates the relationship between both transformational and transactional leadership styles and employee performance. The study concludes that organizational success largely depends on the commitment level of employees which helps reduce labor turnover. Theoretically, the study findings reveal that leadership is the main element of employee performance through the commitment of employees. Therefore, the effectiveness of these leadership styles in encouraging employee performance are dependent on organizational commitment.