Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Adults Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Uyo, Nigeria.

Background: Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder. However, there is very little information about low back pain in developing Countries. This study aimed at identifying sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors for low back pain in adults attending the General Outpatient Clinic of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was utilized. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from 400 consenting adults aged 18 years and above, attending the General Out-patient Clinic of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital from May 2011 to July 2011. The data obtained were analysed using Epi Info statistical software version 3.2. 2. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 38 ± 14.2 years. There were 176 males and 224 females with a ratio of 1:1.3. The period prevalence of low back pain was 31%. Statistically significant risk factors were: age (x2 = 103.3, p < 0.0001), educational status (x2 = 13.82, p = 0.0002), marital status (x2 = 25.72, p < 0.0001), place of residence (x2 = 6.04, p = 0.01), alcohol consumption (x2 = 11.96, p = 0.0005), cigarette smoking (x2 = 10.02, p = 0.0015) and high body mass index [BMI] (X2 = 120.29, p < 0.0001). Gender was not statistically significant (X2 = 1.96, p = 0.16). Conclusion: This study showed that an active age-group, low educational status, being married, rural residence, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and a high BMI were associated with low back pain. Health education on the risk factors of low back pain and the need for lifestyle modification should be encouraged among the populace especially in rural settings.
The Effectiveness of a Proposed Intervention Program on Learned Helplessness and Executive Functioning in Undergraduates with Learning Disabilities

The aim of this study was to propose an intervention program that facilitated undergraduates with learning disabilities (LD) to overcome symptoms of learned helplessness and to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of this program. A small neuropsychology section of eight psychology students were recruited for this study. All eight students had failed the course at least once prior to the research. Their IQ was assessed before the intervention to identify their areas of strength and weakness. Additionally, for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of the program, a computer-based executive functioning test was administered on three occasions: before the intervention, at the end of the intervention, and three months following the completion of the intervention. A learned helplessness self-rating scale was also administered prior to and immediately following the intervention. The students’ academic performance was monitored during the course period and via a final exam. The results of the research revealed that the intervention program did not result in any significant improvement in the participants’ academic performance in the course of study in question; however, they did pass the course, and this was considered to represent a considerable academic achievement. Furthermore, the students’ learned helplessness decreased, and their executive functioning increased. The level of executive functioning was persistent even three months after completion of the program. The researchers concluded that the proposed intervention program was successful in helping undergraduates with LD. The limitations of the program and suggestions for future research are discussed in this paper. Key Words: Intervention Program, Learned Helplessness, Executive Functioning, Learning Disabilities, Undergraduates Students
Carbon Dioxide Human Gains—A New Approach of the Estimation

Human health is dependent on the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of residential and public buildings, where people spend a substantial amount of time. Part of IAQ parameters, like temperature or humidity influence the thermal comfort of users, whereas too high carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) could cause various complaints or diseases. In buildings like offices and schools, where we have a brush with a high density of users, the main source of CO2 is simply people. The type of their activity brings higher or lower carbon dioxide gains, that must be taken into account to design and properly use room ventilation, allowing recommended CO2 levels not to be exceeded. This paper presents an approach to marking human CO2 generation off by using an experimental method. The method was verified based on measuring results of six test series conducted in different types of rooms at Bialystok University of Technology (Poland) during lectures, meetings, projects and laboratories. Carbon dioxide gains were comparable with an average value of 0.0045 L/s, which corresponds to theoretical CO2 generation rates that are symptomatic of males and females, between 16 and 30 years old, with low physical activity.
Adjacent Segment Disease in Cervical Disc Arthroplasty

AbstractThe rate, risk factors and consequence of adjacent level disease (ALD) in cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine the rate, risk factors and clinical outcome of ALD in CDA. Methods: Retrospective review of 166 patients with a minimum five-year follow-up of a CDA was performed. Multi-level surgeries, including hybrid procedures, were included. Multiple implant types were included. The two inter-vertebral discs (IVD) cranial of the CDA were monitored for radiologic degeneration. No funding was attained for this study and the authors declare no conflict of interest. Results: The rate of ALD in CDA was 28.3%, with most affecting the immediately adjacent IVD (27.4% and 7.6% respectively p=0.000). Age (p=0.209) and sex (p=0.201) did not relate to ALD, nor did preoperative degeneration (p=0.117) or spondylolisthesis (p=0.315) adjacent to the CDA. The number of operated levels (p=0.890), number of fused levels (p=0.354), implant alignment (0.255), ROM (p=0.569) and implant induced spondylolisthesis (p=0.402) did not affect the rate of ALD. However, fusion of the most cranial implant significantly increased the rate of ALD (p=0.032). The visual analogue pain scale (VAS) was significantly worse in those patients with ALD (VAS neck 2.7 versus 1.5 p=0.029; VAS arm 0.9 versus 2.3 p=0.002). The five-year functional outcomes were worse in those who developed ALD (NDI 20.1 versus 12.3 p=0.011). No patients required a reoperation during the course of this study. Conclusion: ALD is common after CDA and worsens the patient’s functional outcome, but not their need for revision surgery within five years. Fusion of the most cranial implant is a major risk for developing ALD, whereas the initial implant alignment and function do not construe a risk.
Exploring Country-of-Origin Perceptions and Ethnocentrism: The Case of U.S. Dairy Marketing in China

ABSTRACT We examined variables relevant to food products marketing in foreign markets: perceptions of a product’s country-of-origin (which may provide a “halo effect” if positive), and consumers’ tendencies to favor local vs. imported goods for ideological reasons (consumer ethnocentrism). These were explored in the context of marketing research related to expanding U.S. dairy in China. An online survey of consumers (N = 505) in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou showed that ethnocentrism was below scale mid-point and did not vary across cities. Overall, higher purchase intention was associated with more favorable evaluations of the U.S., and with lower ethnocentrism, although there were some differences by region. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Prevalence of aflatoxin in feeds and cow milk from five counties in Kenya

Mycotoxin-producing fungi contaminate food and feeds before, during and after harvest. Aflatoxins are important mycotoxins and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a class 1 human carcinogen (definitely carcinogenic). Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a class 2B (possible) human carcinogen. Aflatoxin B1 in feeds can decrease milk production, reduce fertility and increase susceptibility to infections. A cross-sectional study of aflatoxin contamination of milk and dairy feeds was carried out in five counties in Kenya representing different agro-ecological zones: Kwale, Isiolo, Tharaka-Nithi, Kisii and Bungoma. Dairy feed concentrates and cattle milk were collected twice (dry season and rainy season) from 285 dairy farmers in the five counties and analysed for AFB1 and AFM1, using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the five counties, the proportion of farmers who fed cattle with dairy concentrates varied from zero to 68%. The dairy feed concentrates from farmers had AFB1 levels ranging from less than one part per billion (ppb) to 9661 ppb and the positive samples ranged from 47.8 to 90.3%. The percentages of dairy feeds from farmers with AFB1 above the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (WHO/FAO) limit of 5 ppb varied from 33.3% to 87.5 % while 83.3% to 100% of the feeds from retailers and 28.6% to 100% of the feeds from manufacturers exceeded the WHO/FAO limit. Aflatoxin M1 prevalence in milk was lowest in Kwale (13.6%) and highest in Tharaka-Nithi (65.1%). The proportion of milk samples with AFM1 above the WHO/FAO standard of 50 parts per trillion (ppt) varied from 3.4% (Kwale) to 26.2% (Tharaka-Nithi); the highest was 6999ppt. This study shows that aflatoxin contamination is common in dairy feeds and in milk and concentrations may be high. This may contribute to ill health effects in both humans and animals and, therefore, there is need for better understanding of the impacts of aflatoxins in the feed–dairy value chain and appropriate interventions to control aflatoxin contamination in animal feeds. Keywords: aflatoxins, feeds, dairy cattle, milk, Kenya, dairy value chain, mycotoxins, food safety
The Role of Intelligence in e-Learning Usage: An Extension of UTAUT Model

The main aim of this research is to ascertain the moderating role of intelligence and determine the mediating role of behavioral intention on the use of E-learning among Indonesian undergraduates. Specifically, by conducting survey in Indonesia, it covering 360 respondents among Indonesia undergraduates. This study examines the accuracy of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and it is moderated by the intelligence level of users. The main contribution from this research is introducing intelligence level on UTAUT model to reveal the role of cognitive process level on an acceptance and usage of new technology. Our mediator results show that Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy are no mediation, facilitating condition and intelligence quotient (IQ) and social influence are fully mediation. The entire model has larger moderating effect to use behavior of E-learning among Indonesia undergraduates. However, the finding for the moderator result shows significant moderator influence in terms of social influence only. This research implies the three important findings for the policy makers. First, policy maker should provide the E-learning to undergraduate student in Indonesia such as communicate shared knowledge, teamwork and cooperation. Second, policy maker can explain that the important of social influence is a strong promoter for students to use blogs in their e-business learning and teaching. Last but not least, policy maker should more focus on social influence to use e-learning because it is able to attract the student’s awareness and attention.
The noxious consequences of innovation: what do we know?

ABSTRACT In spite of being considered an undisputed engine of growth, innovation can have noxious consequences for society and the environment. Using bibliometric techniques (i.e. bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis), we conduct a review of the extant research on the noxious impacts of innovation. Although this is a relatively recent field of enquiry, we identified five strands of scholarly research, which, based on their focus, we have labelled: (A) Work-related consequences of technology acceptance; (B) Unsustainable transitions; (C) Innovation and growth downside effects; (D) The dangers of emerging technologies and (E) Open innovation’s dark side. We discuss the core ideas and research agendas in these research strands and the intellectual antecedents of each sub-community, and conclude by suggesting avenues for future research.
Teacher and Students’ Perception on Using Kahoot! for English Learning

— The purpose of this research was to determine (1) Teacher’s perception on using Kahoot! for English learning; (2) Students' perceptions on using Kahoot! for English learning; and (3) Constraints encountered while using Kahoot! for English learning. This is a quantitative descriptive research. The research subjects were one English teacher and 32 students of Class X MIPA 1 of SMA 4 Singaraja. Data collection was conducted using a closed questionnaire, structured interviews, and non-participatory observation. The results highlight teacher and students' perceptions on the use of Kahoot! is very good. The constraint encountered by the teacher is slow internet connection when accessing Kahoot!
Gender Differences in Type 2 Diabetes Risk Perception, Attitude, and Protective Health Behaviors: A Study of Overweight and Obese College Students

Background: Obesity prevalence among children and adolescents has dramatically increased in the past decade and has resulted in higher rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adolescents. Purpose: To examine whether there are gender differences in T2DM risk perception, attitude toward T2DM protective behaviors, physical activity, and meeting the recommended fruit and vegetable daily intake among adolescents at risk for T2DM. Methods: Overweight and obese students were included in this study (n = 319). Linear regression analyses were used for all models. Analyses were carried out using SPSS (Ver 20.0). Gender differences in the regression models were considered statistically significant at P < . 05. Results: Females showed significantly higher positive attitudes toward eating healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables (B = 9.089, β = 0.337, P = .000). Females were more likely to consume more cups of fruit and vegetables than males (B = 1.650, β = 0.118, P = .036) and more likely to use calorie information when ordering/buying food compared to males (B = .765, β = 0.245, P = .000). However, males were more likely to engage in moderate physical activity (PA; B = − 22.076, β = − 0.110, P = .050) and vigorous PA (B = − 45.145, β = − 0.235, P = .000) compared to females). Conclusion: To effectively develop health promotion initiatives for students/adolescents, it is important to examine gender differences and factors that influence them. Translation to Health Education Practice: Findings from this study suggest the need for Health Education Specialists to consider gender variations when developing and evaluating T2DM prevention health programs for youth.
Sociodemographic profile of perimenopausal women having menstrual disturbances

Objective: To evaluate various sociodemographic factors associated with menstrual disturbances in perimenopausal women. Methods: A total of 100 perimenopausal patients were studied for symptoms of menstrual disturbances at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Mamatha Medical College, Khammam. Socioeconomic strata were determined using modified Kuppuswamy scale. Results: Out of 100 cases studied, maximum cases (70%) were from rural area. Age group most commonly involved was 40-45 years (66%). 91% of cases were from low socioeconomic strata. Uterus was found to be bulky in 48% of cases, followed by 45% of cases who had normal uterus. Majority of cases of benign, premalignant and malignant lesions were from rural population. Conclusion: Significant association could be obtained between perimenopausal bleeding and socioeconomic status, age of menopause and awareness among patients. Menstrual disturbances and irregularities occurring at perimenopausal age is alarming and needs thorough evaluation, as it could be the only clinical manifestation of endometrial cancer, as was noticed in this study. Keywords: Perimenopausal women, Menstrual irregularities, Age group, Economic status
Experimental Measurement of Bulk Thermal Conductivity of Activated Carbon with Adsorbed Natural Gas for ANG Energy Storage Tank Design Application

The development of adsorptive natural gas storage tanks for vehicles requires the synthesis of many technologies. The design for an effective Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) tank requires that the tank be filled isothermally within a five-minute charge time. The heat generated within the activated carbon is on the order of 150 MJ/m 3 of storage volume. The tank can be effectively buffered using Phase Change Material (PCM) to absorb the heat. The effective design of these tanks requires knowledge of the thermal properties of activated carbon with adsorbed methane. This paper discusses experimental measurements of the thermal conductivity of activated carbon with adsorbed methane. It was found that within the tank the thermal conductivity remains almost constant within the temperature and pressure ranges that ANG tanks will operate.
Evaluation of characteristics of thyroid nodules on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: a retrospective analysis of 252 cases.

AIM This study investigated the enhancement patterns observed on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) images for differentiating thyroid nodules. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of CEUS cine loops of 252 nodules by two independent readers. Seven categories of enhancement patterns were identified: concentric hypoenhancement; heterogeneous hypoenhancement; hypoenhancement with sharp margin; homogeneous hyper/isoenhancement; hyper/isoenhancement with ring-like vascularity; island-like enhancement; and no perfusion. Associations between these patterns and the confirmed pathological/cytological outcomes (178 malignant, 74 benign) were analyzed and the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values (PPVs) determined. The agreement of the readers' assessments was evaluated by Kappa value. RESULTS For malignant nodules, the predominant 3 patterns were: concentric hypoenhancement, heterogeneous hypoenhancement and homogeneous hyper/isoenhancement. For each of these, the diagnostic specificity was above 87% and the PPV more than 85%. Combining these patterns for malignancy the rates of sensitivity, specificity and PPV for reader 1 (reader 2) were 96.1% (98.9%), 71.6% (71.6%), and 89.1% (89.3%), respectively. For benign nodules, the predominant 4 patterns were: hypoenhancement with sharp margin; hyper/isoenhancement with ring-like vascularity; island-like enhancement; and no perfusion. The specificity for each was above 98% and the PPV more than 70%. Combining these patterns for benignity, the rates of sensitivity, specificity and PPV for reader 1 (reader 2) were 71.6% (71.6%), 96.1% (98.9%) and 88.3% (96.3%), respectively. The inter-reviewers agreement for classifying enhancement patterns was excellent (κ = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79-0.89). CONCLUSIONS Enhancement patterns of thyroid nodules on CEUS investigation, enable differentiation between malignant and benign lesions with good diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and PPV.
A combined effect of Bacillus sp., tobacco extracts and plant oils on the control of cruciferous vegetable anthracnose

Abstract In the present study, Bacillus strains were recovered from aqueous extracts of cut tobacco and characterized to pose a strong antifungal activity against Colletotrichum higginsianum, to promote plant growth and to reduce anthracnose severity on cabbage seedlings. The efficacy of the Bacillus strains on the suppression of spore germination and cabbage anthracnose was improved considerably when tobacco extracts were added during the fermentation processes. Moreover, the addition of peanut pomace, rapeseed pomace, plant oils (moringa oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, emusilified corn oil and emusilified peanut oil) or magnium-containing fertilizers into medium significantly increased antagonistic activities. Eight tobacco extract-based formulations were developed and used to culture the Bacillus strains, all of which resulted in a significant reduction of anthracnose severity on cabbage seedlings in greenhouse trials. This is a proof-of-concept study, which may open up a new avenue for screening potent biocontrol agents.
The Effect of Specific Factors on Bank Profitability: Evidence from Nepalese Banks

This paper examines the impact of assets quality, capital adequacy ratio, assets diversification and operating efficiency on banks’ profitability. This study employs bank scope data of eight commercial banks during the period of 2002/03–2016/17. Altogether, there are 96 observations are made in the study. The ordinary least squares model is used to analyze the data. The results indicate that three predictor variables assets quality, operating efficiency, and capital adequacy ratio significantly affect bank profitability. But the predictor variable diversification does not affect banks’ profitability significantly. The results of this study help the bankers and policymakers to take effective action in order to improve banks’ profitability.
Ramp‐Like PM
 2.5 Accumulation Process and Z‐Less Similarity in the Stable Boundary Layer

Similar ramp‐like structures exist in the time variations of surface PM 2.5 accumulation during the four different heavy haze pollution processes in Beijing, from 3 November 2017 to 15 January 2018. Based on the ultrasonic anemometer observations at seven different altitudes on a 325 m tower, it is shown that turbulence momentum flux exchanges between different altitudes were very weak during the ramp period of PM 2.5 concentration. Turbulence at the higher altitude associated with strong wind shear, occasionally mixed downward toward the surface, showing upside‐down transportation of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), especially during the rapid removal stage of the pollution. This was different from the traditional upward TKE transportation above the surface. Vertical distribution of nondimensionalized standard deviation of the horizontal velocity, vertical velocity, and potential temperature in the stable boundary layer within the ramp‐like structure show obvious “z‐less” similarity, independent of z , and almost equal to constants ( σu / u*l∼ 3.9, σw / u*l∼ 1.52, and σθ / T*∼ 3.96).
Investigating Gender Differences in Human Interactions with a Transparent Swarm

Research suggests that different operationalisations of automation transparency can influence team collaboration and performance. Yet, little is known about how gender differences can affect humans’ ability to process the information provided by their automation teammate when the automation is transparent. The significance of this research question stems from the fact that the broader areas of judgment and decision making show that females and males deploy different information processing strategies. The aim of this paper is to explore whether gender differences exist in the way people interact with a transparent swarm. We conducted a user study in which 33 subjects (15 males and 18 females) interacted with a simulated swarm under two conditions: with and without transparency. While no significant differences were detected under the control condition, results indicate that when transparency was added, males were able to utilise transparency early on, while females needed significantly more time to benefit from it. Besides, under the transparency condition, females exhibited significantly longer response times than males. However, as time progresses and towards the last time window of the experiment, females could achieve slightly higher decision accuracy than males. These findings stress the need to consider gender differences when designing transparent human-machine interaction and its training protocols.