Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Postoperative Corneal Astigmatism after Phacoemulsification Through a Clear Corneal Incision

37 N. Suiae et al. Analysis of postoperative corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification through a clear corneal incision SUMMARY  The aim of the study was to analyze postoperative corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation through a clear corneal incision. This prospective study included 22 eyes (10 right and 12 left eyes) having had phacoemulsification with implantation of a foldable intraocular lens through a clear corneal incision. A superotemporal incision was used in all right eyes, and superonasal incision in all left eyes. Astigmatism was measured by autorefractometer-keratometer preoperatively, and at 1 week, 1 month and 2 months postoperatively. The mean surgically induced corneal astigmatism was 0.23 D (diopter). The vertical component of astigmatism was statistically significantly lower postoperatively than preoperatively (p=0.0404). There was no significant difference in the horizontal component of astigmatism preoperatively and postoperatively (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in surgically induced astigmatism between superotemporal incisions in the right eyes and superonasal incisions in the left eyes either (p>0.05). Oblique localization of clear corneal incision, superotemporal in the right eyes and superonasal in the left eyes, may ease manipulations during phacoemulsification for right-handed surgeon without significant difference in the surgically induced astigmatism.
Ultrasonographic Renal Dimensions in Normal Adult Population of North-East India

Introduction: Ultrasound imaging is an inexpensive, non-invasive and radiation-free imaging modality having the unique property of being portable. It helps in the diagnosis and management of many renal disorders as it is known that there is a close relationship between renal size and its function. Hence, we undertook this study to determine the normal renal dimensions of the adult population of north-east India. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted in RIMS, Imphal between July to April 2013 consisting of 340 volunteers, both male and female, between 18 to 50 years of age. Various patient related and kidney related parameters measured and entered down. Renal size calculated using the formula length x width x cortical thickness. All ultrasounds performed on a single machine following a standard protocol. Results: The Male to Female ratio was 2.3:1. The mean age was 28.37 ± 7.3 years for males and 29.23 ± 9 years for females. The mean body weight was 60.5 ± 9.5 kgs for males and 52.2 ± 8.4 kgs for females . The mean height was 162.9 ± 8cm for males and 152.9 ± 6.1cm for women. In the males, the mean right kidney length was 8.9±0.9cms and the mean left kidney length was 9.1±0.9cms while in females, the mean right kidney length was 8.9±1.1cms and the mean left kidney length was 8.8±0.9cms. Conclusion: The renal size is related to age, side, sex and the individual’s height and weight, etc. Large population based studies need to be conducted to establish these parameters.
Formulation and In Vivo Activity of Li posome- Encapsu lated Cep hapirin

Serum levels, tissue distribution, and in vivo activity in mice of two liposomal formulations of cephapirin were compared with those of free cephapirin. Egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) liposomes containing cephapirin (drug to lipid ratio approximately 1 :I5 by weight) were relatively stable in serum and provided prolonged serum levels of cephapirin activity after intravenous (iv) administration. With a 200 mglkg dosage, serum levels were 10 pglml or higher for 24 hr after injection. Free drug at a similar dosage is undetectable in 3-5 hr. EPC-cephapirin liposomes showed a protective effect when administered up to 4 hr before infection of mice with Staphylococcus aureus, whereas free drug had no effect when given prophylactically. Cephapirin liposomes prepared with the tris salt of cholesterol hemisuccinate (CHS-t) were not stable in serum, but provided prolonged serum levels of cephapirin when injected subcutaneously and resulted in a protective effect when given prophylactically to mice infected with S. aureus. Cephapirin activity in the spleen and liver was greatly increased and persisted for at least 24 hr in mice injected intravenously with EPC formulation, but were not increased with the CHS-t formulation given subcutaneously. Only the EPC formulation could prolong survival in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium.
THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF PULMONARY NODULES: AN UPDATE

Low-dose computed tomography (ld-CT) for lung cancer screening in high-risk subjects is performed within clinical trials and has started to be used in routine clinical practice. The technique is well defined, even if some methodological problems are still debated, such as the measurements of pulmonary nodules, the size to define them as clinically significant, the management of small or non-solid nodules and the best diagnostic work-up to optimize diagnostic accuracy. The data derived from an IEO observational study, started in 2000, shows a high prevalence and incidence of early stage lung cancer detected at ld-CT, demonstrating the need to prolong observation for a long period of time. The high survival rate of patients with screening-detected cancer has recently been debated in a number of papers using statistical models, but the advantage of the yearly ld-CT for the individuals is unquestionable; its benefit on the population base has still to be demonstrated by ongoing randomized trials.
Use of Laparoscopy in the Management of Impalpable Testis in Children

Purpose: To review the use of laparoscopy in the management of impalpable testes in children. Methods: The hospital records of boys who had laparoscopic procedures for impalpable testes were reviewed. Results: From 2000 to 2006, 447 boys presented with undescended testes to our centre. Sixty-five testes in 51 boys were impalpable both clinically and during examination under general anaesthesia. Under laparoscopy, 24 testes were found within the abdominal cavity, 23 testes in the inguinal canal and 18 testes vanished. According to the different location and morphology of testes, various options of operative procedures were performed. In 45 testes with orchidopexy done, all except one had satisfactory position in the scrotum. The sizes of 3 testes were found to be smaller than the contralateral ones during post- operative follow-up. Conclusions: 12.9% of the undescended testes in our series were impalpable. Laparoscopy locates the position of impalpable testes and decides treatment options for them.
Evaluation of Awareness of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Nursing Students on Monitoring and Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) are one of major drug related problems associated with pharmacotherapy and important public health problem imposing economic burden on the society and health care systems and one of the causes of hospitalization varying between 5-13%. Spontaneous and voluntary reporting system is one of the basic methods for post-marketing surveillance and is most effective method of acquiring ADR information especially new and serious ADRs. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices regarding ADR reporting has not been studied extensively in India and more so among nurses. Objectives: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of nursing students on monitoring and reporting of adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This questionnaire based study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital on 85 Prefinal and final year nursing students. The study instrument was a pre designed questionnaire which included the Knowledge of the ADRs reporting, the attitudes towards the reporting, and the factors
HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN NIGERIA.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, with greater burden and very high cost of care especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Hamatological profiles are commonly affected in CKD and this becomes more apparent as the disease progresses. Few literatures exist on haematological profiles of subjects with CKD in our environment. The objective is to assess the haematological profile of our subjects with CKD and compare the results with the ones found in other parts and outside Nigeria. Seventy subjects with CKD at different stages of the disease and 50 healthy adults were recruited into the study. Haemoglobin concentration, PCV, total red cell count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, total white cell count, platelet count and serum ferittin were assessed for the subjects and controls. Results were analysed using SPSS 17.0 and comparison between subjects and control was made with student's t-test. All the measured parameters for the subjects were significantly different from that of the control except MCV and MCH (t- test 0.000). Moderate anaemia was prevalent and the anaemias are predominantly normocytic normochromic. Degree of anaemia worsened with the progression of CKD. Our result is in keeping with that found in Nigerian and other countries of the world.
Radiofrequency Ablation in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Purpose: Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not candidates for resection because of tumor size, location, multifocality, or liver dysfunction associated with liver cirrhosis and hepatitis. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) offers an alternative treatment in some unresectable HCC patients with disease confined to the liver. We prospectively evaluated the local recurrence rate and the overall survival rate in patients with unresectable HCC treated with RFA. Patients and methods: All patients with non metastatic unresectable HCC referred to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cairo University between Jan. 2001 and Jan. 2003 were evaluated for eligibility for treatment with RFA. Patients were treated with RFA using open or percutaneous approach with ultrasound guidance using LeVeen monopolar array needle electrode and RF2000 generator. Patients were evaluated at regular intervals to determine disease recurrence and survival. Results: A total of 50 patients, 34 men (68%) and 16 women (32%), with a median age 55.2 years (range 2367 years) underwent RFA for 79 HCC tumors. All were followed up for at least one year (mean follow up 23.6 months). Percutaneous and open intraoperative RFA was performed in 32 (68%) and 18 (32%) patients respectively. Of the 18 patients treated with open RFA, 1 patient (5%) underwent additional resection. Median diameter of the tumors treated with percutaneous RFA was 3.5 cm while the median diameter of the tumors treated with open intraoperative approach was 5.5 cm. There was one treatment related death in the opern intraoperative RFA group. During a mean follow up period of 23.6 months, disease recurred in 24 of the 50 patients (48%), including 15 (46%) treated percutaneously and 9 of 18 (50%) treated by the open intraoperative RFA. The overall survival at 1, 2 years for the percutaneous RFA group was 81.2% and 71.8%, while in the open RFA group, it was 72% and 50%. Conclusions: Treatment with RFA can produce significant survival improvement in some patients with nonmetastatic HCC who are considered unresectable because
School Counselors' Use of Solution-Focused Tenets and Techniques in School-Based Site Supervision.

The tenets and techniques of solution-focused (SF) theory have potential for application to school counseling site supervision; however, research on the use of these practices in site supervision is needed. This study examined the extent to which school counseling site supervisors integrated SF tenets and techniques into their supervisory practices. Researchers surveyed 74 school counselors across the United States to identify which SF techniques were used by school counselors in supervision, and to determine if the tenets of SF were evident in their supervision work. Results indicate that school counselors do agree with basic SF tenets and are already using SF techniques in site supervision of interns. Implications for research, training and practice are discussed.
Multicultural Counseling Training and Competency and Its Impact On Multicultural Populations: A Critical Analysis and Review of Relevant Literature

As the population becomes more diverse in the United States, it is important for K-12 school counselors to become more multiculturally competent in working with ethnic minority students. With the rise of the multicultural movement in the 1950's, it has led to more articles addressing the needs of racial and ethnic minorities (Robinson & Morris, 2000). This paper will be reviewing literature pertaining to the need for multicultural counseling competency. The review of literature in the area of multicultural counseling competency is important because counselors need to be knowledgeable and competent in the field of multiculturalism in order to work effectively with ethnic minority students. Revising counseling training allows counselors to become more culturally competent in providing counseling services to diverse students/clients (Arthur & Achenbach, 2002; Kim & Lyons, 2003). Experiential activities are examined and may assist counselor educators in becoming more effective counselors by enhancing multicultural counseling competencies of attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and skills for future counselors. In addition, multicultural counseling competencies and its effects on counseling students and the development of multicultural counseling competencies in undergraduate and graduate courses will also be examined. In recent years, in some training programs, measures have been taken in training counselors to be more multiculturally competent (Constantine, 2002a; Constantine & Ladany, 1996). Lastly, there will be a summary of the literature related to critical analysis of multicultural counseling competencies and recommendations for current and future counselors to consider in becoming more multiculturally competent in counseling.
Early versus Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping Leads to Neonatal Anemia

Objective: To evaluate whether Early Cord Clamping (ECC) leads to anemia and Delayed Cord Clamping (DCC) could improve the haematological status of infants. Patients and Methods: Interventional randomized trial study was carried out over a period of six months from 1 st October, 2010 to 31 st March 2011 in Gyneco-logy Department Lady Willingdon Hospital, Lahore. A detailed questionnaire was prepared. Total 300 cases were randomly allocated after taking informed con-sent. Venous hematocrit values, Bilirubin levels and ferritin were detected after 24 hours, 48 hours and 3 months of neonatal life and the record entered into proforma. Results: Neonatal anemia and decreased hematocrit level was found in 32 / 150 (21%) neonates with grea-test significance due to early cord clamping neonatal. While Delayed cord clamping (DCC) resulted with a higher mean hematocrit (45.6 ± 5.6 versus 32.8 ± 7.1 at the end of three months) and hemoglobin concentra-tion ( 17.4 ± 2.2 g/dL vs 12.5 ± 4.1 g/dL at the end of 3 months), whilst a non-significant difference was obser-ved in mean bilirubin level in DCC group as compared to ECC group ( 7 ± 2.3 vs 5 ± 3.5 mg/dL in 48 hours ) . A significant number of infants developed jaundice in DCC group as compared to ECC groups (8% vs 2%; p = 0.016). No infants polycythemia, mother postpartum hemoorhage was seen in both groups. All the jaundice patients recovered with Phototherapy. Conclusion: To get the normal hematocrit level in term infants, it is very necessary to avoid early cord clamping and this practice should be changed in mode-rn obstetrical practice as it is not the standard method and the cause of iron deficiency anemia. Delayed cord clamping method increases mean neonatal hematocrit, hemoglobins within a physiologic range and save from developing iron deficiency anaemia although delaying clamping increases the risk of jaundice requiring pho-totherapy. Key words: Early Clamping, Hematocrit, Neonatal anemia, Umbilical Cord.
Physical Activity in Iranian students CASPIAN Study

Background: Sedentary behavior in childhood is one of the strongest risk factors for many chronic diseases and somatic conditions in adulthood, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, and osteoporosis. This study was an investigation to design a surveillance system for non-communicable diseases. Methods: The present national survey was performed as a multi-centric cross-sectional study for the baseline survey of a project entitled: “Childhood & Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Non- communicable Diseases”: CASPIAN Study. The study was supported by the World Health Organization and performed by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education, with collaboration of 23 universities of Medical Sciences. One of the items studied was the physical activity. Physical activity data is evaluated by metabolic equivalent (METs) accelerometers. Results: 21111 school pupils aged 6 to 18 years consisting of 10858 girls (51.4%) and 10253 boys (48.6%) have been studied. 5.2% of them were obese and 9.4% overweight. The mean times of moderate and vigorous physical activity were 4.7 and 0.8 hours everyday. Boys were more active than girls (p<0.05) and primary school students were more active than high school students (p<0.05). Watching television, using the computer, or playing video games were the most common sedentary activity in students. Conclusion: Physical activity in our subjects was in acceptable level. Boys tend to be more active than girls, and there is a decrease in activity over the adolescent years.
Prevalence and characteristics of ectopic atrial tachycardia and inappropriate sinus tachycardia

This research was designed to assess the prevalence, characteristics, natural course and autonomic regulation of ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) and inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) and the response of IST to adenosine. The prevalence of EAT, as estimated from the electrocardiograms (ECG) of males applying for a pilot's licence, was 0.34%. During a mean follow-up time of 8 years among 10 asymptomatic subjects and 7 years among 17 symptomatic patients, a majority of the subjects showed a reduction of the heart rate (HR), either with restoration of sinus rhythm (SR) (37%) or with a change in P wave morphology (37%). The prevalence of IST in a random sample of 604 middle-aged subjects was 1.16%. The systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressures were higher among the subjects with IST than subjects with SR (P < 0.001). The other laboratory, echocardiographic and personality measurements, with the exception of the hostility score (P < 0.001), revealed no differences between the groups. During a mean follow-up of 6 years, none of the subjects with IST developed any evidence of structural heart disease despite ongoing palpitations, and there was no significant reduction of the 24-hour average HR. In an analysis of R-R interval variability from 24-hour ECG recordings in 12 patients with incessant EAT, 12 subjects with IST and 24 subjects with SR, the timeand frequency-domain measures of HR variability did not differ between the subjects with EAT and IST. However, the shortterm fractal HR behaviour differed between EAT and IST. In studies of the effects of adenosine in 18 patients with IST and 18 subjects with SR, adenosine prolonged significantly the sinus interval (P < 0.001) in the control subjects, but did not cause any significant changes of atrial cycle length in the patients with IST. Conclusions: 1. EAT has a tendency towards gradual degeneration over time. 2. The prevalence of IST is higher than previously assumed, but the overall prognosis is good. 3. EAT and IST seem to be under similar autonomic regulation as the sinus node, but the firing of ectopic atrial foci shows more random behaviour. 4. The usual negative chronotropic effect of adenosine is impaired in subjects with IST.
An assessment of perceived stress among police personnel in Puducherry, India

Background: Currently stress is an important health issue in view of increasing trend of non-communicable diseases at a global level. There is paucity of data on stress among vulnerable groups like police personnel. Aim: To assess the stress level and its associated factors among police personnel. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 296 police personnel in urban Puducherry, India. Perceived stress level was assessed by Cohen′s Perceived Stress scale and classified into low (0-11), average (12-15), high (16-20), and very high (21-40) levels based on the stress scores obtained. Data were analyzed by proportion, chi-square test, and binomial logistic regression analysis. Results: About two-thirds of the police personnel belonged to the age group of 25-39 years (68.2%). About 56.1% of the police personnel were designated as police constables. Majority of the police personnel had high and very high levels of stress (83.8%). Hypertension and body mass index (BMI) were found to be significantly associated with stress level categories in univariate analysis. With respect to question item analysis, majority of the police personnel were sometimes and fairly often had one or the other symptoms of stress. Multiple regression analysis showed that those with hypertension had 2.23 times more [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.295-3.847] severe and very severe stress levels compared to those with mild and moderate levels of stress. Conclusion: Stress level is high among police personnel, which needs to be addressed by appropriate intervention measures.
Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on MUC5AC and MUC5B Expression in Airway Epithelial Cells

Received March 25, 2015 Revised May 8, 2015 Accepted May 17, 2015 Address for correspondence Yong-Dae Kim, MD, PhD Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 705-703, Korea Tel +82-53-620-3781 Fax +82-53-628-7884 E-mail ydkim@med.yu. ac.kr Background and ObjectivesZZMulti-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are one of the most commonly used nanomaterials to date. Recent studies have demonstrated that MWCNT increase immune response and allergic inflammation in airway epithelial cells. However, the effects of MWCNT on mucin in human airway epithelial cells have not been reported. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of MWCNT on MUC16, MUC5AC, and MUC5B expressions were investigated in human airway epithelial cells. Subjects and MethodZZIn mucin-producing human NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells and primary cultures of normal nasal epithelial cells, the effects of MWCNT on MUC16, MUC5AC, and MUC5B expression were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultsZZIn human NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells, MWCNT significantly induced the expression MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNA and the production of MUC5AC and MUC5B protein. However, MWCNT did not induce the expression of MUC16 mRNA. In the primary cultures of normal nasal epithelial cells, MWCNT also induced the expression of MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNA and the production of MUC5AC and MUC5B proteins. ConclusionZZThe results of this study demonstrate that MWCNT induces MUC5AC and MUC5B expression in human airway epithelial cells. These findings provide important information about the biological role of MWCNT on mucus-secretion in human airway epithelial cells. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2015;58(8):552-7