Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatically Improving the Anytime Behaviour of Optimisation Algorithms

Optimisation algorithms with good anytime behaviour try to return as high-quality solutions as possible independently of the computation time allowed. Designing algorithms with good anytime behaviour is a difficult task, because performance is often evaluated subjectively, by plotting the trade-off curve between computation time and solution quality. Yet, the trade-off curve may be modelled also as a set of mutually nondominated, bi-objective points. Using this model, we propose to combine an automatic configuration tool and the hypervolume measure, which assigns a single quality measure to a nondominated set. Our goal is to improve the anytime behaviour of optimisation algorithms by means of automatically finding algorithmic configurations that produce the best nondominated sets. Moreover, the recently proposed weighted hypervolume measure is used here to incorporate the decision-maker’s preferences into the automatic tuning procedure. We report on the improvements reached when applying the proposed method to two relevant scenarios: (i) the design of parameter variation strategies for MAX-MIN Ant System, and (ii) the tuning of the anytime behaviour of SCIP, an open-source mixed integer programming solver with more than 200 parameters.
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information processing and whether these dynamics have common patterns in diﬀerent behavioral states. We address these questions by investigating the brain’s intrinsic timescales in healthy controls, motor (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, locked-in syndrome), sensory (anesthesia, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome), and progressive reduction of sensory processing (from awake states over N1, N2, N3). We employed a combination of measures from EEG resting-state data: auto-correlation window (ACW), power spectral density (PSD), and power-law exponent (PLE). Prolonged neural timescales accompanied by a shift towards slower frequencies were observed in the conditions with sensory deﬁcits, but not in conditions with motor deﬁcits. Our results establish that the spontaneous activity’s intrinsic neural timescale is related to the neural capacity that speciﬁcally supports sensory rather than motor information processing in the healthy brain.
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(pack-years), serum cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The data used for analysis were abstracted from the clinical records; except for the measurement of serum methylmalonic acid levels in a subgroup from the Stroke Prevention Clinic, all investigations were done as part of patient care. Vitamin B 12 levels were measured on the Advia Centaur Analyzer (Bayer Diagnostics, Walpole, Mass.) by competitive immunoassay using direct chemiluminescent technology, in which vitamin B 12 from the patient sample competes with labelled vitamin B 12 for a limited amount of purified intrinsic factor. Plasma total homocysteine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, which had been
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2 Abstract 1 Skill learning involves the formation of stable motor patterns. In musical and athletic 2 training, however, these stable patterns can also impede the attainment of higher levels 3 of performance, and hence constitute a motor habit. We developed an experimental 4 paradigm to induce a specific motor pattern in a sequence production task and 5 investigated how it affected subsequent optimization over a 3-week training period. 6 Participants initially practiced small segments of 2 to 3 finger movements, which were 7 then combined to form longer sequences. This initial training induced a persistent 8 chunking behavior, with shorter inter-press-intervals within a chunk and longer ones at 9 chunk boundaries. We were able to induce chunking that was either beneficial or 10 detrimental to performance, and could show that the degree to which these detrimental 11 chunk structures were maintained, predicted lower levels of final performance. We also 12 identified two optimization processes by which participants overcame the detrimental 13 motor habits.
Barriers and Facilitators to Implementation of a Multistate Collaborative to Reduce Maternal

Results: Successful implementation of most or all of the program elements was facilitated by support from administrators, positive attitudes, active nurse and physician champions, and an existing culture of safety. When these elements were in place, respondents reported that they believed they made a difference. Barriers to implementation included negative attitudes, lack of champions, poor staff buy in, lack of resources, and lack of support from administrators. When barriers were encountered, respondents felt discouraged and disappointed.
Contrasting survival strategies of hatchery and wild red drum: Implications for stock enhancement

Contrasting Survival Strategies of Hatchery and Wild Red Drum: Implications for Stock Enhancement. (May 2008) Jessica Louise Beck, B.S., Indiana University of Pennsylvania; M.S., Florida Institute of Technology Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Jay R. Rooker Post-release survival of hatchery fishes is imperative to the success of any supplemental stocking program. The purpose of this research was to identify differences between hatchery and wild red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and determine if pre-release exposure techniques improve survival of hatchery individuals. Objectives were to contrast survival skills of hatchery and wild red drum from different locations, and examine if exposure to natural stimuli (e.g., habitat, predators, live prey) enhances survival skills in naïve hatchery red drum. Laboratory trials using high-speed videography (250 frames per second, fps) and field mesocosm experiments were used to investigate differences in prey-capture (e.g., attack distance, mean attack velocity, capture time, maximum gape, time to maximum gape, gape cycle duration, and foraging behaviors) and anti-predator performance (e.g., reaction distance, response distance, maximum velocity, time to maximum velocity, mean acceleration, and maximum acceleration) of hatchery and wild red drum. Results indicated that anti-predator performance measures differed significantly between hatchery and wild red drum. Variability in prey-capture and anti-predator performance for hatchery and wild red drum was high (CV range: 5.6 – 76.5%), and was greatest for hatchery fish for the majority of performance variables tested. Exposure to habitat (Spartina alterniflora marsh) did not appear to afford any obvious survival benefits to hatchery red drum, although survival skills did vary according to ontogenetic stage. Hatchery red drum exposed to natural predators (pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides) exhibited significantly greater attack distances during feeding events, and anti-predator
The ecology and influence of land use on river turtles in southwest Georgia

SOUTHWEST GEORGIA by SEAN CHRISTOPHER STERRETT (Under the Direction of John Maerz and Sara Schweitzer) ABSTRACT Human activities such as agriculture are a major factor influencing the current distribution and abundances of species. I used two survey methods, hoop trapping and snorkeling, to obtain estimates of detectability for riverine turtles, and to measure the relationship between percent forest cover within a 287-m buffer and turtle abundance, species richness, and evenness along two streams in southwest Georgia. Further, I used radio-telemetry to study habitat use by Barbour’s map turtle (Graptemys barbouri), which is a species of conservation concern. Turtle evenness increased with increasing forest cover; however, turtle abundance declined with increasing forest cover as a result of an increased abundance of a generalist species, the yellowbellied slider. Barbour’s map turtle abundance increased with forest cover. Barbour’s map turtle used deep pools with large woody debris, suggesting that removing riparian forest cover may reduce debris inputs important to the Barbour’s map turtle and other aquatic species.
Sensitivity of Annual Evaporation to Soil and Root Properties in Two Models of Contrasting Complexity

Abstract Simulations of soil water and evapotranspiration with physically based models at broad scales vary in both complexity of processes modeled and in parameterization of soil and root properties. Sensitivity of annual evaporation Eann to some of these processes and parameters was tested with both a model allowing multiple soil layers (BROOK90) and a single-layered water balance model (WBM). For nine widely scattered locations in North America Eann was controlled primarily by climate and cover type, but within a location–type combination, Eann was controlled primarily by the available water capacity Wac, which is the product of available water fraction and effective root depth. The definition of the upper limit of available water is important; it is precisely defined here as the water volume fraction at 30-cm depth after 48 h of drainage from an initially saturated, homogeneous profile with a fixed gravity potential gradient at 2-m depth. Specification of root depth was as important as specification o.
Clinical Investigation : Gastrointestinal Cancer MRI Predictive Factors for Tumor Response in Rectal Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy-Implications for Induction Chemotherapy ?

Rectal Tumor height and MR extramural venous invasion (EMVI) status are more important than baseline size and stage of the tumor as predictors of response to chemoradiation. Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathologicdefined responders have significantly improved survival. “Good response” to CRT with yT0-2 carries better 3-year overall and disease-free survival. Induction chemotherapy for improving EMVI status and knowledge of MRI predictive factors should be further investigated to individualize neoadjuvant treatments for rectal cancer.
Les odonates de la forêt de Taï (Côte d'Ivoire). Premières approches: faunistique, répartition écologique et association d'espèces

Dans le cadre d'une etude de l'evolution de la faune consecutive aux activites humaines (deboisement et mise en culture), prospection des differents milieux representatifs (foret primaire, pistes et lisieres, milieux anthropises). Les milieux hydromorphes font l'objet d'une attention particuliere. Une espece nouvelle est decrite (Chlorocypha mutans)
Survey on vehicle horn use in urban areas of Korea

In previous studies, we carried out questionnaire surveys to investigate the current circumstances of vehicle horn use and the effects of horn use on drivers and pedestrians in Japan. Several cities in other countries face noise problems relating to the use of car and motorbike horns. Our survey design might help obtain information on the circumstances of vehicle horn use in such areas, which can subsequently be used to design countermeasures to reduce adverse effects. Therefore, we conducted a similar survey on horn use in South Korea. Measurement of noise at a crossroad with heavy traffic revealed more than 100 uses of the horn per hour. The questionnaire survey included questions on the latest or last-remembered case of horn use in various situations in which the respondent was a driver or pedestrian. It was found that many pedestrians had experiences of being honked at with a single honk, two short honks and a long honk. Such honking mostly aroused negative psychological reactions such as the respondent finding the horn use startling, noisy, or irritating. There were no significant relationships between questionnaire items of the driver’s own horn use, suggesting there is no particular manner of the driver’s own horn use.
CAPILARITY AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN SWELLING AND SHRINKING SOILS

The Aranca Low Plain (SW of Romania), with accumulative relief, a slow dip and an obvious subsidence, is covered with fluvio-lacustrine deposits with various grain sizes, from gravels to smectite clays. The phreatic waters are mineralized and sodium ions reach into the colloidal complex, destroying soil structure. The rise of water in the soil from a free water surface has been termed capillarity rise. The maximum height to which water may rise through capillarity varies between 1.5 and 4 m in Fluvisols and Vertisols. Capillarity rise of soil water takes place above the ground water level and is due to matric suction. The complex geometry of soil pare space creates numerous combinations of interfaces, capillaries and wedges in which water is retained. In addition, water is absorbed on to solid surfaces, with considerable force at close distances. Solutes can interact strongly with soil surfaces and their transport can be slowed in a process known as retardation. In Fluvisols, like in Chernozems and Phaeozems, soluble salts are concentrated in the first 50 cm of the soil profile, while in Vertisols most soluble salts are concentrated at the bottom of the profile. The water potential in a Vertisol is the sum of gravitational potential, capillarity potential and overburden potential. The overburden potential is related to civil engineers effective stress. The phenomenon of capillarity is thus dependent on solid and liquid interfacial properties such as surface tension, contact, angle and solid surface roughness and geometry. These phenomena, partial attributed to capillarity, determine retention and movement of water and solutes through soils.
31. HYDROCARBON GASES IN TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS OFFSHORE PERU—RESULTS AND COMPARISONS 1

Hydrocarbon gases (methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, «-butane, ethene, and propene) are present in Tertiary and Quaternary shelf, upper-slope, and lower-slope deposits of the Peruvian continental margin. Methane dominates the composition of the hydrocarbon gas at all 10 sites examined during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 112. Generation of methane is regulated by the amount of sulfate in pore water. Wherever sulfate concentrations approach or equal zero, methane concentrations increase rapidly, reaching values near 100,000 /tL/L of wet sediment at eight of the 10 sites. Methane at all 10 sites results from methanogenesis, which is inhibited where sulfate is present and microbial reduction of sulfate occurs. Hydrocarbon gases heavier than methane also are present, but at much lower concentrations than methane. These hydrocarbons are thought to result from early thermal and microbial diagenesis, based on relative gas compositions and trends of concentrations with depth. With few exceptions, the results obtained in the shipboard and shore-based laboratories are comparable for methane and ethane in sediments of Leg 112. Reanalyses of canned sediments from ODP Leg 104 and from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Legs 76 and 84 show that gas samples can be stored for as long as 8 yr, but the amounts of individual hydrocarbon gases retained vary. Nevertheless, the trends of the data sets with depth are similar for fresh and stored samples.
’ s distributional-learning experiment : Infants ’ input , infants ’ perception , and computational modeling

Infants begin the acquisition of language-specific phoneme perception before their first birthday. In laboratory settings, infants are able to acquire categories on the basis of distributions of speech sounds. The speech sounds in infant-directed speech are distributed in such a way that computationally modeled distributional-learning mechanisms can acquire phoneme categories categories from these distributions. It is tempting to conclude that also in real life infants acquire their language-specific phoneme perception through distributional learning from the speech sound distributions in their input. However, an integrated study of the input that infants hear, infants’ perception of those same speech sounds, and computational modeling to provide an explanatory link has never been conducted. This dissertation provides such an integrated study.
Carbon and oxygen isotope halos in the host limestone, El Mochito Zn-Pb-(Ag) skarn massive sulfide-oxide deposit, Honduras

El Mochito, the largest operating mine in Central America, is a typical skarn sulfide-oxide, limestone-replacement lead-zinc-silver deposit. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope geochemistry of the skarn and sulfide mineralization at El Mochito are compatible with a high-temperature (350 degrees -500 degrees ) origin from hydrothermal fluids with delta D values of -40 to -90 per mil and delta 18 O values between 10 and -1 per mil which were probably of mixed magmatic-meteoric origin. A detailed study of stable isotope compositions of the host limestone around the El Mochito deposit indicate a gradual depletion in 13 C and 18 O with approach to the ore body, indicating that the changes in isotopic composition were imposed on the limestone during the hydrothermal activity related to the mineralization. Oxygen isotope exchange between the hydrothermal fluid and limestone produced a strong depletion in 18 O of up to 18 per mil relative to background limestone compositions. 18 O depletion is easily detected for distances of up to 4 kilometers from the orebody. The depletion of 13 C is much more restricted, with changes of up to 4 per mil in delta 13 C values relative to the inferred original limestone, extending only 30 m of the ore deposit. The original stable isotope composition of the limestone, as inferred from distal, unaltered samples (delta 13 C PDB [asymp] 5.0ppm, delta 18 O SMOW [asymp] 23.5ppm), is similar to that of other Cretaceous limestones. Small-scale stable isotope analyses of the matrix, relict fossils, and late-stage veins within the limestones, and comparison to the isotopic composition of the bulk-rock samples suggests that the extent of stable isotope alteration was a function of the initial grain size, the permeability of the rocks, the fluid/rock ratio, and the temperature of the hydrothermal system, as well as the isotopic composition and dominant C-bearing species within the hydrothermal fluid. Both extensive recrystallization of lime-mud matrices and the presence of faults and fractures may have enhanced the secondary porosity and permeability of the limestones, allowing for effective fluid infiltration and increasingly pervasive fluid flow with approach to the ore deposit. The mechanisms responsible for C and O isotope alteration of the limestone were calcite recrystallization and late calcite veining. Large stable isotope alteration halos within limestones surrounding ore deposits of this type provide useful guides to exploration.
Vole-driven restoration of a parariparian meadow complex on the Colorado Plateau (south-central Utah)

Rapid and substantial reductions in the local density of invasive rubber rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus) have been achieved on a shrub-infested meadow complex solely by manipulating grazing so as to benefit the native meadow vole, Microtus montanus. The key adjustment has been a shift from spring-summer to late season grazing, thereby allowing sufficient growth of herbaceous vegetation to offer suitable vole habitat. We hypothesize that voles were instrumental in defending many historic western meadowlands against woody shrub encroachment, but have now been widely displaced by livestock competition. This suggests that voles could prove an important restoration tool on certain shrubdominated rangelands.
The Feasibility of Gray Wolf Reintroduction to the Grand Canyon Ecoregion

As part of a regional conservation planning initiative, this study is being undertaken to determine the biophysical and socioeconomic feasibility of reestablishing a top carnivore, the gray wolf (Canis lupus), in the Grand Canyon Ecoregion (GCE). The GCE is a roughly 1.5 million km 2 area located on the southern Colorado Plateau. The last remaining gray wolves were probably eradicated in the 1920s and 1930s. Because of an interest in restoring extirpated native species to this ecoregion, and the desire to increase the size of the gray wolf metapopulation in the Southwest, there is need for an objective and spatially explicit landscape-scale model of potential gray wolf habitat. The first phase of this conservation GIS analysis involves utilizing six habitat characteristics or factors—vegetation cover, surface water availability, prey density, human population density, road density, and land ownership—to identify and describe potential reintroduction sites in the Arizona section of the Grand Canyon Ecoregion. Initial results show that there are at least two localities in northern Arizona suitable for reintroduction of around 100 wolves. This paper is a preliminary report on observations, results, and some recommendations deriving from the feasibility study.
Improving numerical weather prediction: Error growth at the convective scale and speed

Despite the continuous growth of the available computational power, it is undoubtedly beneficial, for both the research and operational communities, to increase the efficiency of Numerical Weather Prediction. Because parameterizations often occupy a significant portion of the total execution time the first focus of this work is to provide a methodology to transform parameterizations into algorithms that provide the same output at a fraction of the computational cost (i.e., transfer schemes). Several transfer schemes are developed for the Harrington radiation parameterization, in the clear sky case and implemented in the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. The best one requires roughly 5% of the computational expense of the parent scheme. Accuracy is generally preserved and an analysis of the main meteorological fields after two days of simulations does not show significant differences. The differences for the 2 m temperature are larger than for the other fields, but still smaller than the differences introduced by a second common parameterization. A second area where NWP is in need of improvements is convective-scale forecasting. The advantages of more accurate forecasting derive from the high societal impact of convective events, which can be severe and lead to loss of life and property. iv Ensemble forecasting is an ideal tool to handle uncertainties in forecasts and the second aim of this study is to identify the processes that lead to error growth at the convective scale, for a case study over the United Kingdom using the Met Office Unified Model. The perturbation was applied to the potential temperature at a specific model level within the boundary layer, either sequentially (every 30 minutes) or at specific times. It was determined that acoustic waves are generated and can affect the background state. Vertical stability is also altered and occasionally lids can be set or removed. The unique boundary-layer scheme also contributes to error growth, by triggering different parameterizations as a response to the perturbation. Finally there are qualitative differences between high amplitude perturbations (1 K) and the smaller ones (0.01 and 0.1 K), but the root mean square error reaches similar values at saturation. The Pielke Research Group has been a constant source of support and knowledge. gratitude more than others. Chris and Adriana for their friendship and for finding the patience and the time to answer all my RAMS related question; Dallas Staley for ensuring everyday the ideal conditions to work, not only practically. Last but not least, …