Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges encountered in the home-neighbourhood-community and school domains: An analysis of Tonga revitalisation through Fishman’s (1991) Reversing Language Shift framework

Minority language groups in Zimbabwe face many challenges as they strive for space for, and recognition of, their languages. This study focuses particularly on the Tonga language spoken in the Binga district of Zimbabwe. The study aims to explore the language planning goals for the revitalisation of Tonga as well as the challenges encountered in realising these goals in two domains, i.e. the home-neighbourhood-community (HNC) and the school domains. Data was gathered through interviews as well as through the use of secondary sources. For the interviews, social actors involved in the revitalisation of Tonga were used as informants. These included Binga chiefs and their communities, non-governmental organisations, publishing houses, and universities. The study reveals that the goals of Tonga revitalisation fall under language maintenance goals with an orientation towards community language maintenance, as well as language spread (acquisition) and standardisation for the HNC and school domains, respectively. Within the HNC domain, the Tonga community faced great challenges in garnering ideological consensus within the community itself, mainly due to a lack of advocacy and lobbying skills. They also faced challenges in gaining entry into domains outside the home, particularly the school domain. Following an analysis of the challenges encountered, this study argues that minority language groups cannot revitalise minority languages without support from, and collaboration with, other stakeholders, including central government. The insights drawn from this study’s findings might be applicable to other minority language groups in Zimbabwe and elsewhere, for example, in respect of offering feasible alternatives to the challenges of micro-level language revitalisation.
Adoption and impact of hybrid rice in India: Evidence from a large-scale field survey

PurposeThis paper aims at understanding the causes of low adoption of hybrid rice technology. The paper also assesses the impact of adoption of hybrids and modern varieties on crop yield, vis-à-vis the old or traditional varieties.Design/methodology/approachUsing unit-level data from a large-scale survey of farm households (19,877 paddy cultivators), the authors applied multi-nomial regression method to understand the factors for adoption of hybrid rice and instrumental variable method of regression to estimate its impact.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that in India, hybrid rice is often grown on relatively poor soils, resulting in greater irrigation costs and for other inputs, such as fertilizers. Further, farmers' poor access to information on the traits of hybrid rice and the associated agronomic practices, as well as poor access to financial resources, hampers efforts to scale up its adoption. More importantly, the findings reveal that the relative yield advantage of hybrids over open-pollinated modern varieties is not large enough to incentivize the rapid adoption of hybrid rice technology.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the higher cost of hybrids than the inbred varieties, enhancing paddy cultivators' access to financial resources can accelerate the adoption of hybrid rice in India.Originality/valueThe study is based on unit level data from a large-scale, nationally representative survey of farm households, comprising a sample of 19,877 paddy cultivators, spread across states in India.
Fucoxanthin: A promising bioproduct to be derived from algae?

Abstract: The carotenoid fucoxanthin has been the subject of research for several decades. The light-harvesting pigment is found in the fucoxanthin-chlorophyll light harvesting complexes of the photosystems of brown algae. Where research originally focused on the mechanistic aspects of the pigment, nowadays a lot of attention is on its possible health promoting benefits. This thesis looks at several aspects of fucoxanthin to determine whether or not the pigment could be a suitable candidate as a bioproduct derived from algae. For micro-algae, the three species Odontella aurita, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Isochrysis gff galbana were identified as the prime candidates for fucoxanthin production. Different lighting and nutrient schemes could be developed to increase production even further, while several down-stream processing extraction techniques could provide a simultaneous production of fucoxanthin and other desired products such as lipids in one batch. For macro-algae, the Laminariceae, Sargassaceae and Alariaceae are considered to be the best choices. The Sargassaceae for their relatively high content and the Laminariaceae and Alariaceae as these are currently already being consumed in high quantities, thereby having an advantage of existing infrastructure. Fucoxanthin content can mostly be influenced by time of harvest. The possibility of using normally discarded “waste” fractions in combination with the CO2 supercritical fluid extraction technique would reduce environmental pressures of fucoxanthin production considerably in comparison to other methods. The pigment was found to be a safe product that has a rather low bioavailability in humans. The addition of ingesting lipids together with fucoxanthin can increase the bioavailability. Fucoxanthin has potential health benefits as an agent in the categories of anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity as shown in medical research. However, the lack of human trials and conflicting results in the few that are done, do not yet show its efficacy in the form of a supplement. This gives little hope that the pigment would be legally legitimized as a so-called functional food by the food health and safety authorities as of right now. A small market does already exist, using dubious health claims at best. Most of these powders are still derived from seaweeds. These uncertainties lead to the conclusion that for now, investing in the development of micro-algae for the production of fucoxanthin would not be worthwhile. Instead, using the usually discarded, “undesirable”, fractions of macro-algae that are harvested already should be able to produce enough fucoxanthin until more evidence of its health-promoting effects in living humans is found.
Development of scenarios for leadership psychology research to reveal the relationships between leaders’ Dark Triad traits and Full Range Leadership styles

Objective. The Full Range Leadership Model (Avolio, Bass, 2004) is one of the most popular leadership theories, while the Dark Triad (Paulhus, Williams, 2002) has become the most researched personality model that describes the “dark side” of personality. However, despite the popularity, there is still a lack of evidence about relationship between Dark Triad traits and Full Range Leadership styles. Besides, researchers confirm the need for reliable and valid instruments that could be used in such empirical studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of scenarios that were developed and used to reveal the relationships between leaders’ Dark Triad traits and Full Range Leadership styles in the perception of potential employees. Methods. 40 students from psychology Bachelor’s and Master’s programs participated in this research (90% females, mean age – 24.90 (SD=5.52)). Five scenarios were developed to represent hypothetical leaders with different patterns of Dark Triad traits expression and were used as stimuli material for this quasiexperiment. Participants were asked to read one out of five scenarios and to fill in two questionnaires about the hypothetical leader: the Dirty Dozen scale (Jonason & Webster, 2010) to assess Dark Triad traits, and the Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire (Avolio & Bass, 2004) to assess leadership styles and outcomes from Full-range leadership model. Data were collected via online survey. Results. All developed scenarios showed high reliability. However, results confirmed construct validity in only of four out of five scenarios. Relationships between Dark Triad traits and Full Range Leadership styles, and Dark Triad traits and leadership outcomes, were not significant. Conclusions. Developed Dark Triad leader scenarios could be an original and useful instrument for leadership psychology research. Some revisions should be made before the future usage of them.
Maize Based Food Products in Ethiopia: A Review of Traditional Practices and Research Outputs

Maize (Zea mays L.) has a diverse form of utilization for human food and as a raw material for industrial processing. In Africa, a greater proportion of maize grains are used for human food whereas industrial processing of the bulk of maize grains are carried out in developed countries. This review is intended primarily for documenting the existing maize based Ethiopian traditional foods and associated research outputs. The report is organized in sections. The introductory section provides the food uses of maize and the rationale for the exercise. Other sections deal with the nutritional values of common and quality protein maize and traditional methods of processing. Research output on composite flours, supplementary infant food formulations and some industrially food products are highlighted. These are explored by briefly summarizing available publications from different research centers, higher learning institutions and developmental organizations pertaining to the traditional and modern practices of maize uses for food through a desk review. The review identified different types of traditional maize foods prepared at household level and some locally processed industrial food products. Finally, research gaps were pointed out. The article provides you with an overview of Ethiopian traditional maize based foods and research outputs that has been completed as well as a future view of what may still need to be done.
IMPACT OF DEHYDRATION METHODS ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF LIME PEELS PECTIN

Following the extraction of juice from lime fruits, the peels are dried and utilized in the production of pectin. Different dehydration methods are used to dry lime peels. These methods have great impact on the yield and the quality of the resultant pectin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of drying methods (hot air oven, microwave and Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) on the chemical composition of lime peels, and the extracted pectin. The results showed that DIC dried lime peels had the highest moisture content (12.80%), ash content (4.58%) and fiber content (26.83%). The highest pectin yield (25.77%) was obtained from the DIC dehydrated lime peels. The ash content of pectin samples ranged from 2.61% to 3.0%. Pectin extracted from DIC dried peels (DP) had the highest galactuornic acid content (86.82%). Degree of esterification of extracted pectin was 69.18%, 67.90% and 68.50% for oven dried lime peels (OP), microwave dried lime peels (MP) and DIC dried lime peels (DP), respectively. Therefore, all pectin samples were classified as high ester pectin. The extracted pectin samples were used to make strawberry jam and compared to commercial pectin. The results showed also that viscosity values of jam made by extracted pectin were higher than jam made by commercial pectin. The highest value of viscosity was found in jam made with oven pectin (OP) being 480 cp, thenjam with DIC pectin (DP) being 472 cp, and then jam with microwave pectin (MP) being 450 cp. Sensory evaluation of jam samples showed that jam made with (DP) had the highest score in respect to colour and texture. Strawberry jams made with OP and DP were characterized by the highest score in respect to odour, taste and over all acceptability.
Nonlinear vibrations of a cantilevered pipe conveying pulsating two phase flow

Article history: Received 02 Sep 2019 Revised 09 Dec 2019 Accepted 26 Dec 2019 This work studied the nonlinear transverse vibrations of a cantilevered pipe conveying pulsatile two-phase flow. Internal flow induced parametric resonance is expected because of the time varying velocity of the conveyed fluid. This unsteady behaviour of the conveyed two-phase flow is considered in the governing equation as time dependent individual velocities with the harmonically varying components fluctuating about the constant mean velocities. Method of multiple scales analysis is adopted to study the nonlinear parametric resonance of dynamics of the cantilevered pipe. Contrary to the dynamics of pulsating single-phase flow, the assessment shows that if the frequencies of pulsation of the two phases are close, both can resonate with the pipe’s transverse or axial frequencies together and both can also independently resonate with the pipe’s transverse or axial frequencies distinctively. For the planar dynamics when only transverse frequencies are resonated, in the absence of internal resonance, numerical results show that the system exhibits softening nonlinear behavior. At post critical flow conditions, the system oscillates between subcritical and supercritical pitchfork bifurcation to simulate the nonlinear Mathieu’s equation. However, in the presence of internal resonance, a nonlinear anti-resonance property is developed. Hence, the overall dynamics is quasi-periodic.
The Role of Social Class vs. Income in The Purchase of Consumer Products in Jawa Timur

Social class and income are related to purchasing behavior. This research utilized a quantitative survey with an ex-post -facto approach, which is aimed to find out the relationship and difference between social class and income with the purchase of consumer goods and services in Jawa Timur. Respondents were classified by social classes and income levels using the Index of Social Position (ISP); the respondents then filled out a questionnaire on 18 items of purchase grouped into five types, which are food and beverages, clothing, durable goods, investment services, and other products. The data analysis was conducted with the chi-square technique. Analysis results showed that social class is linked with the purchase of 17 items, while income level correlates with all items of products and services that are used. Social class is more linked to milk, fast food, owned and the price of personal and household electronic equipment, and the type of investments and finances. Meanwhile, income is more related to meat, soft drink, clothing, type and price of the utilized vehicle.
Effect of different post-harvest treatments on free amino acid content in Fucus vesiculosus

The effect of different post-harvest treatments (fresh, freezing and air-drying) and storage duration on free amino acid (FAA) content of brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus were studied. The FAA profile of thalli algae was studied every 3 months over 1 year. The FAA were extracted in ethanol/water (70: 30) solution, purified by ion exchange chromatography, derivatized and determined using hight-performance liquid chromatography. Free amino acid profile was significantly (p<0.001) different among the fresh, freezing and air-drying seaweeds. Long-term storage of seaweeds for 12 months in both dried and frozen form contributed to increased levels of free amino acids. The total free amino acid content increased from 285.80 mg/100 g dry matter of fresh seaweeds to 597.38 mg/100 g dry matter of dried seaweeds and to 473.84 mg/100 g dry matter of the frozen form. The total content of essential amino acids increased from 49.65 mg/100 g dry matter in fresh seaweeds to 130.45 mg/100 g dry matter of dried seaweeds and to 106.70 mg/100 g dry matter of frozen seaweeds. The content of glutamic acid responsible for the taste increased from 132.36 mg/100 g dry matter of fresh seaweeds to 169.50 mg/100 g dry matter of dried seaweeds, and to 242.00 mg/100 g dry matter of frozen seaweeds. Thus, the long-term storage of dried and frozen seaweeds contributes to the improvement of their qualities.
Raman Spectroscopy in tumoral tissues

According to data of 2018 from the World Health Organisation (WHO), female breast and stomach cancers are the second and fifth types of cancers, respectively, in regards of new cases (close to 2.1 and 1.0 million new cases each); and are fifth and third when speaking of mortality rate (627 and 783 thousand for each). Thus, pushing the need for new improved methods of either therapy or, preferably, diagnostic. Having an early diagnosis reduces the mortality rate of the patient. With the aim of improving cancer diagnosis schemes this dissertation work researches the usage of Raman spectroscopy to detect traces of cancer tissues in samples. Firstly, a research of the Raman effect was done to better understand the process and its limitations. Afterwards a literature review was done on the usage of Raman spectroscopy applied to both mammary and digestive tract tissues to help visualize the current state of the art, the best practices of the technique in biological samples and the kind of data one would be able to expect. Human tissue samples acquirement can be a lengthy process. Research was done to check if there is a correlation or even better, a way to translate the results obtained using a household pet to human cancer. Which was determined to be doable. Because of this fact, feline mammary tissue was analysed using the present Raman spectroscopy equipment determining the presence of four different types of spectra on the samples that were attributed to four different tissues. Two of them being believed to be a benign and malign tumour tissues.
Condoning Corrupt Behavior at Work: What Roles Do Machiavellianism, On-the-Job Experience, and Neutralization Play?

Corruption continues to be a considerable challenge for internationally active companies. In this article, we examine personal and socioenvironmental antecedents of corrupt behavior in organizations. In particular, we aim to illuminate the links between Machiavellianism, on-the-job experience with corrupt behavior at work, neutralization, and the attitude of business professionals toward corruption. The empirical analysis is based on the responses of 169 professionals. At first, a positive relationship between both Machiavellianism and on-the-job experience and the acceptance of corruption appears in the model. However, an in-depth mediation analysis shows that neutralization is the keystone linking both Machiavellianism and on-the-job experience to the likelihood to condone corruption. Based on these results, we offer avenues for further research and implications for practitioners.
The Financial Impact of High-Performance Work Practices: The Moderating Effects of Labor Market Flexibility and Labor Market Efficiency

High-performance work practices (HPWP) have been found to increase financial performance. Institutional theory suggests that this effect may be moderated by labor market institutions, such as labor market flexibility and labor market efficiency. We explore this relationship using a combined data set comprised of data on HPWP from ASSET4, financial and other company-level data from the Worldscope Database, and national institutional context data from the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report. With an international sample of roughly 20,000 archival firmyear observations across a seven-year period, we use pooled OLS regression models with robust standard errors, clustered at the firm level. We find support for all predicted relationships except for a direct relationship between labor market flexibility and performance: Strong formal institutional pressure (low labor market flexibility) increases the positive financial impact of HPWP. Strong informal institutional pressure (high labor market efficiency) affects the financial performance of businesses directly and positively, and also indirectly by increasing the positive effect of HPWP on financial performance. We conclude that companies seeking the most financially-rewarding approach to human resource management (HRM) should engage in HPWP, encourage the local population to Contemporary Management Research 248 expect and value such practices (e.g., by promoting women’s rights), and, counterintuitively, encourage more government regulation of business around HRM practices.
STUDY OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF MILK FOR CHEESE PRODUCTION

The article shows that the studied samples of raw milk in terms of composition (mass fraction of fat, protein, lactose and milk solids-not-fat) met the criteria of suitability for cheese, and its physic-chemical properties (titratable acidity, density, freezing point) were within acceptable limits. Moreover, rennet sample corresponded to the first and second classes. It was proved that the number of spores of lactating fermenting microorganisms met the requirements for milk for the production of any kind of cheese. It was established that the fatty acid composition of raw cow’s milk used to produce cheeses at various enterprises varied significantly. The data indicate the variability of the content of all groups of fatty acids — low molecular weight, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. As a result of gas chromatography studies using the chromatographic complex «Chromos GX-1000» with a flame ionization detector and a CP 88 quartz capillary column — Sil 88 for FAME100 m × 0.25 mm × 0.2 µm, it was found that the largest absolute fluctuations were for saturated (± 7.03 % of the average value) and monounsaturated fatty acids (± 3.77 % of the average value). Absolute fluctuations in the group of low molecular weight fatty acids amounted to ± 2.62 %, and in the group of polyunsaturated — ± 1.02 % of the average value. The calculation of the relative deviation showed that the most varied groups were the ones of low molecular weight fatty acids (± 28.40 rel.%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (± 25.11 rel.%). At the same time, a relatively high content of certain fatty acids: myristoleic, palmitic, palmitoleic and low levels of stearic and oleic fatty acids, was revealed in individual milk samples.
Influence of Anxiety on Academic Performance among Students at The Technical University of Kenya

Academic anxiety is the fear of studying including not having good study habits and fear of failure among others. StateTrait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI-AD) and Grade Point Average (GPA) were utilized to examine academic anxiety indicators derived from previous studies and their association to students’ academic performance in the perspective of 357 Technical University of Kenya. The findings provide insights into increased anxiety levels correlation with student performance.
Risk of Being Overweight at 5 Years of Age is Associated with Weight Gain and Energy Intake during Infancy in Formula-Fed Children

*Correspondence: Aline Andres, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA, Tel: 501-364-3301; E-mail: AndresAline@uams.edu Received Date: 27 Nov 2019 Accepted Date: 30 Dec 2019 Published Date: 11 Jan 2020 Citation: Andres A, Fawcett K, Casey PH, Badger TM, Cleves MA. Risk of Being Overweight at 5 Years of Age is Associated with Weight Gain and Energy Intake during Infancy in Formula-Fed Children. Ann Pediatr Res. 2020; 4(1): 1029. Copyright © 2020 Aline Andres. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Research Article Published: 06 Jan, 2020