Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frying Performance of Gallic Acid and/or Methyl Gallate Accompanied by Phosphatidylcholine

This study shows the possibility of using gallic acid (GA) and/or methyl gallate (MG) accompanied by phosphatidylcholine (PC) instead of tert-butylhydoquinone (TBHQ) for frying purposes. The antioxidants and PC were added in the concentrations of 1.2 mM and 500–2000 mg/kg, respectively. Oxidative stability index (OSI) and the kinetics of change in conjugated dienes (LCD), carbonyls (LCO), and acid value (AV) were used to assess the antioxidative treatments. GA alone and GA/MG (50:50) plus PC at 2000 mg/kg yielded the same OSI as that of TBHQ (18.4 h). The latter was of the highest frying performance in preventing the formation of LCD (rn = 0.0517/h and tT = 10.6 h vs. rn = 0.0976/h and tT = 4.5 h for TBHQ), LCO (rn = 0.0411/h and tT = 12.7 h vs. rn = 0.15/h and tT = 4.3 h for TBHQ), and hydrolytic products (AVm = 37.8 vs. 24.0 for TBHQ); rn: normalized the maximum rate of LCD/LCO accumulation; tT: the time at which the rate of LCD/LCO accumulation is maximized; AVm: quantitative measure of hydrolytic stability.
Sedimentary record of tectonic and climatic erosional perturbations in an experimental coupled catchment‐fan system

This article deals with the stratigraphic record of a climatic or tectonic perturbation of an experimental coupled catchment‐fan system. Following Bonnet & Crave's results (2003), which suggest that it is possible to differentiate between climatic or tectonic causes of surface uplift of an erosional topography from the record of sediment flux output, we design a new experimental device to test this proposition in the sedimentary signal. This device allows the study of a coupled erosion–sedimentation system at the laboratory scale for given and changing uplift and rainfall rates. On the basis of experimental results, we propose a methodology to study alluvial fan architecture from large‐scale geometries to stacking pattern and sequence analysis. In these experiments, the erosional perturbation resulting from climate or tectonic forcing induces a typical dynamic in terms of both sediment supply and the ratio between the sediment and water supply, which controls the transport capacity. The four possible forcings (rainfall rate and uplift rate increase or decrease, respectively) then result in unique dynamics of the combined parameters such as the fan slope, apex aggradation, mean sedimentation rate, grain size distribution, bed thickness and frequency and facies stacking. We first analyse large‐scale geometries (onlap, toplap, downlap or truncation) and then fine‐scale sedimentological features (fining, thinning, coarsening, thickening) in order to discriminate the nature of the forcing. This conceptual model could be adapted to real world alluvial fans in order to recognize and separate the driving mechanisms from each other.
Geodetic Imaging of Fault System Activity

Geodetic observations provide kinematic constraints on the behavior of tectonically active fault systems. Estimates of earthquake cycle activity derived from these constraints may depend on modeling assumptions and/or regularization of a geodetic inverse problem, which is often poorly conditioned. Common model assumptions may affect kinematic solutions and conclusions about physical properties of faults and fault zones. For example, within a geometrically complex fault system, parameterization of nearby faults may affect slip estimates on an individual fault. In addition, fault slip models are often regularized by assuming that slip varies smoothly in space, which may artificially smear slip estimates beyond physical boundaries. As an alternative to smooth regularization, the applied mathematics field of compressed sensing provides a suite of methods for recovering sparse solutions. Applied to GPS observations of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, compressed sensing algorithms enable imaging of spatially localized slip during and following the earthquake, and identification of a sharp boundary between coseismic and postseismic slip. Similar algorithms recover quantized solutions and may be applied to models of plate boundary deformation. Beginning with a dense array of tectonic micro-plates bounded by mapped faults in North America, these methods can be used to detect coherent motions of groups of micro-plates behaving as larger active blocks, effectively quantifying the complexity of North America plate boundary deformation. By improving our ability to identify and compare kinematic constraints on iii earthquake cycle processes, we are able to characterize the spectrum of earthquake cycle behaviors and gain a deeper understanding of earthquake phenomenology and physics.
Vibration-based temporary monitoring of a 253 m tall skew-plan building in Istanbul

A 253 m tall office building in Istanbul with a parallelogram footprint, which has 62 stories in total, 54 tower stories above and 8 podium stories below grade, was monitored using 92 channels of accelerometers deployed on 20 different floors for about 4 days. The structural system of the building consists of reinforced concrete (RC) core shear walls with peripheral composite columns and two-story tall RC outriggers between floors 29 and 31. First 12 natural vibration periods and mode shapes of the building together with the modal directions for the translational modes were identified from the ambient vibration records. These dynamic properties were reproduced with the three-dimensional finite element model developed using gross section properties for all structural members without a need for model updating. The fundamental period of the building at the time of testing, 5.3 s, is expected to lengthen to 5.9 s and 7.8 s upon cracking in structural members for the prescribed service-level and design-level evaluations, respectively, in line with the recent performance-based design guidelines for tall buildings. Damping ratios for the first six vibration modes, with median values of 0.6% and coefficients of variation in the order of 0.3–0.4, were identified through statistical analysis using the random decrement technique. The simulated peak floor accelerations, when the building was subjected to the 2019 Mw 5.8 Marmara Sea earthquake ground motions recorded in the vicinity of the building, showed that ASCE 7-16 in-structure floor acceleration amplifications are exceeded at the lower floors but not reached at the upper floors.
The Determination of Paleo-Intensities of the Earth's Magnetic Field with Emphasis on Mechanisms which Could Cause Non-ideal Behavior in Thellier's Method

95 NRM-TRM curves were determined by Thellier's method from a variety of volcanic rocks. Most of them deviate from a straight line over parts of their length, sometimes so much that not even a crude estimate of paleo-intensity can be made. Some of the many possible causes of such non-ideal behavior include the effects of the sample demagnetizing field, secondary components of magnetization, mechanisms of acquisition of TRM which violate the assumptions of Thellier's method (such as nonlinearity of TRM with field), changes in the TRM spectrum induced by heating in the laboratory, and others. Where possible these mechanisms are discussed from both a theoretical and experimental standpoint, and their effects are identified in the NRM-TRM curves. In addition, diagnostic tests designed to determine quickly the suitability of a rock for intensity studies were sought. Tests tried included the comparison of heating and cooling Js-T curves, measurement of susceptibility before and after heating, and others. None were adequate. Finally, the quicker method of simply comparing the NRM and the total TRM is compared with Thellier's method for determining paleo-intensities. The latter is clearly the more informative and reliable when dealing with individual units, but the former may be useful for deriving average values of the paleo-intensity during geologic periods from large suites of volcanic rocks of varying types.
The prevalence of respiratory tract infections in the Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad

Respiratory tract infection is a serious concern for public health worldwide, and imposes a lot of pressure on health facilities, specifically in developing countries along with economic restrictions. This study evaluated the prevalence of bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern among patients with respiratory tract infection in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, east of Iran during the 3 years period. All clinical isolates were identified by conventional biochemical tests. Antibacterial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method following clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. Among 4897 clinical respiratory samples, 3748 samples were positive. Out of 3748 culture positive, 42% were related to females and 58% to males. The prevalence of respiratory infections in our study reported 27.5%. Most isolates were obtained from the age group of 60-80 years old. The most common isolated were Acinetobacter spp. 37% and Klebsiella pneumonia 21%. Antimicrobial profile of Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella pneumonia showed maximum resistance to Amikacin 86.8 and 50.3% respectively. According to our study, the duration of hospitalization in the ICU, especially surgery ICU, is associated with an increased risk of respiratory infection. Therefore, infection control plays an important role in the ICUs.
Paleoearthquakes at Frazier Mountain, California delimit extent and frequency of past San Andreas Fault ruptures along 1857 trace

Large earthquakes are infrequent along a single fault, and therefore historic, well‐characterized earthquakes exert a strong influence on fault behavior models. This is true of the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake (estimated M7.7–7.9) on the southern San Andreas Fault (SSAF), but an outstanding question is whether the 330 km long rupture was typical. New paleoseismic data for six to seven ground‐rupturing earthquakes on the Big Bend of the SSAF restrict the pattern of possible ruptures on the 1857 stretch of the fault. In conjunction with existing sites, we show that over the last ~650 years, at least 75% of the surface ruptures are shorter than the 1857 earthquake, with estimated rupture lengths of 100 to <300 km. These results suggest that the 1857 rupture was unusual, perhaps leading to the long open interval, and that a return to pre‐1857 behavior would increase the rate of M7.3–M7.7 earthquakes.
The planetary water drama: Dual task of feeding humanity and curbing climate change

This paper analyses the potential conflict between resilience of the Earth system and global freshwater requirements for the dual task of carbon sequestration to reduce CO2in the atmosphere, and food production to feed humanity by 2050. It makes an attempt to assess the order of magnitude of the increased consumptive water use involved and analyses the implications as seen from two parallel perspectives; the global perspective of human development within a “safe operating space” with regard to the definition of the Planetary Boundary for freshwater; and the social‐ecological implications at the regional river basin scale in terms of sharpening water shortages and threats to aquatic ecosystems. The paper shows that the consumptive water use involved in the dual task would both transgress the proposed planetary boundary range for global consumptive freshwater use and would further exacerbate already severe river depletion, causing societal problems related to water shortage and water allocation. Thus, strategies to rely on sequestration of CO2 as a mitigation strategy must recognize the high freshwater costs involved, implying that the key climate mitigation strategy must be to reduce emissions. The paper finally highlights the need to analyze both water and carbon tradeoffs from anticipated large scale biofuel production climate change mitigation strategy, to reveal gains and impact of this in contrast to carbon sequestration strategies.
River channel slope, flow resistance, and gravel entrainment thresholds

River beds are traditionally assumed to become mobile at a fixed value of nondimensional shear stress, but several flume and field studies have found that the critical value is higher in steep shallow flows. Explanations for this have been proposed in terms of the force balance on individual grains. The trend can also be understood in bulk‐flow terms if total flow resistance has “base” and “additional” components, the latter due to protruding immobile grains as well as any bedforms, and the stress corresponding to “additional” resistance is not available for grain movement in threshold conditions. A quantitative model based on these assumptions predicts that critical Shields stress increases with slope, critical stream power is near‐invariant with slope, and each has a secondary dependence on bed sorting. The proposed slope dependence is similar to what force‐balance models predict and consistent with flume data and most field data. Possible explanations are considered for the inability of this and other models to match the very low critical values of width‐averaged stress and power reported for some low‐gradient gravel bed rivers.
An increase in erythromycin resistance in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus from blood correlates with the use of macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin antibiotics. EARS-Net Spain (2004–2020)

Objectives To describe and analyse erythromycin resistance trends in blood isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (EARS-Net Spain, 2004–2020) and the association of these trends with the consumption of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics. To assess molecular changes that could be involved in erythromycin resistance trends by whole genome analysis of representative isolates. Materials and methods We collected antibiotic susceptibility data for all first-blood S. aureus isolates in patients from 47 Spanish hospitals according to EARS-Net criteria. MLSB antibiotic consumption was obtained from the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (2008–2020). We sequenced 137 representative isolates for core genome multilocus sequence typing, resistome and virulome analysis. Results For the 36,612 invasive S. aureus isolates, methicillin resistance decreased from 26.4% in 2004 to 22.4% in 2020. Erythromycin resistance in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) increased from 13.6% in 2004 to 28.9% in 2020 (p < 0.001); however, it decreased from 68.7 to 61.8% (p < 0.0001) in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Total consumption of MLSB antibiotics increased from 2.72 defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID) in 2014 to 3.24 DID in 2016. By WGS, the macrolide resistance genes detected were erm (59.8%), msrA (46%), and mphC (45.2%). The erm genes were more prevalent in MSSA (44/57, 77.2%) than in MRSA (38/80, 47.5%). Most of the erm genes identified in MSSA after 2013 differed from the predominant ermC gene (17/22, 77.3%), largely because ermT was significantly associated with MSSA after 2013 (11/29, 37.9%). All 13 ermT isolates in this study, except one, belonged to ST398 and came from 10 hospitals and six Spanish provinces. Conclusion The significant increase in erythromycin resistance in blood MSSA correlated with the consumption of the MLSB antibiotics in Spain. These preliminary data seem support the hypothesis that the human ST398 MSSA clade with ermT-mediated resistance to erythromycin may be involved in this trend.
Relationship between P‐ and S‐wave velocities and geological properties of near‐surface sediments of the continental slope of the Barents Sea

Seismic velocities (Vp and Vs) of compressional (P‐) and shear (S‐) waves are important parameters for the characterization of marine sediments with respect to their sedimentological and geotechnical properties. P‐ and S‐wave velocity data of near‐surface marine sediments (upper 9 m) of the continental slope of the Barents Sea are analysed and correlated to sedimentological and geotechnical properties. The results show that the S‐wave velocity is much more sensitive to changes in lithology and mechanical properties than the P‐wave velocity, which is characterized by a narrow range of values. The correlation coefficients between S‐wave velocity and silt and clay content, wet bulk density, porosity, water content and shear strength are higher than 0.5 while the correlation coefficients of P‐wave velocity and the same parameters are always lower than 0.4. Although the relationship between Vs and clay content has been widely described, the data show that Vs is better correlated with silt content than with clay content for the sediments of the area investigated. However, they show different trends. While Vs increases with increasing clay content, it decreases with increasing silt content.
Converging Wages, Diverging GRP - Directed Technical Change and Endogenous Growth - Empirical Analysis of Growth Patterns Across Kazakh Regions

The paper analyzes unequal regional development in Kazakhstan. Applying the nonlinear least squares method in presence of spatial correlation we estimate the convergence rate of wages across Kazakh regions for the period 2003–2009. The estimated convergence rate is about 3% which is somewhat higher than estimates obtained for the USA and Europe. At the same time there is slight divergence in the GRP per capita. It is argued that convergence in wages which coincides with divergence in the per capita GRP is consistent with the endogenous growth model where profit maximizing firms choose the capital intensity of the technology. This implies that the inequality between regions will only exacerbate and the central government may wish to invest more in low-growth regions to alleviate disproportional development.
Seismites in the Mesoproterozoic Altyn Formation (Belt Supergroup), Montana: A test for tectonic control of peritidal carbonate cyclicity

The Mesoproterozoic Altyn Formation of western Montana contains abundant seismites that record the physical state of the sediment at the time of earthquake-induced ground motion. Earthquakes were likely generated by normal faulting during subsidence. Because part of the Altyn is composed of cyclic, upward-shallowing peritidal carbonates, it may afford an opportunity to test whether spasmodic subsidence provides a viable mechanism for the episodic generation of the requisite accommodation space at cycle tops. No stratigraphic relation between the seismites and peritidal cycles is perceived, however, so it appears that this process may not be a control of cyclicity.
Slope and Deep Shelf Gully Sandstones, Upper Jurassic, East Greenland

The Upper Jurassic Hareelv Formation of Jameson Land, East Greenland, occurs in an area of 60 × 75 km. It consists of 200-500 m of black shale with thick, closely spaced sandstone bodies. The sandstones fill deep, steep-walled gullies and elongate scours, or form more regular, laterally extensive, parallel-sided, but erosive gully mouth or lobe deposits. Both types of sandstone bodies occur completely juxtaposed, and systematic vertical or lateral trends in bed thickness or grain size have not been observed. The sands were deposited in a deep-water shelf basin by high-density turbidity currents traveling from basin-margin source areas. A northeastern source area was represented by a short-lived, rapidly prograding delta, whereas the main, northwestern source area was a shallow, sandy barrier occurring along the length of a major north-northeast-striking fault-controlled slope. Voluminous turbidity currents probably were triggered by earthquakes in the fault zone. The resulting slope and basinal sand bodies are up to 50 m thick and hundreds of meters wide, and may be more than 5 km long in a downcurrent direction. They occur in a thick, rich oil-prone source rock. Thus, they may form potential stratigraphic reservoirs and help drain the source rock. The Hareelv Formation shows important similarities to the ramp facies model for delta-fed sand-rich turbidite systems; however, the formation is mainly tectonically controlled and independent of eustatic sea level changes. The Hareelv Formation may serve as a model for an unusual type of stratigraphic hydr carbon reservoir, and at least one North Sea oil field seems to have formed in an analogous setting.
Utilization of Remotely Sensed Data to Map and Evaluate Turfgrass Stress Associated with Drought

ABSTRACT Research was conducted to assess the suitability of using multispcctral scanner data to evaluate turfgrass stress associated with irrigation management. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) was irrigated under three different leaching fractions (LF = 0.05, 0.15, 0.25) and three different application uniformity coefficients (UC = 0.65, 0.75, 0.85). Each research plot was equipped with a lysimeter that allowed maintenance of a complete hydrologic balance for quantifying evapotranspiration (ETa) and scheduling irrigations based on established LF'S. Canopy temperatures (solar noon) and tissue moisture contents were measured on a 5 × 5 grid within each plot to coincide with remote sensing data acquired on July 28, 1994. Biomass was estimated from a weekly cutting (5.08 cm cutting height) taken on both the lysimeter and whole plots. A two way ANOVA indicated that average NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) values varied by UC based on the low UC (low UC = 1.4675, med UC = 1.5475, high UC .
Assessment of CO2 Sequestration and Enhanced Coalbed Methane Potential in Unminable Coal Seams of the Illinois Basin

The Illinois Basin (Indiana, Illinois, and western Kentucky) holds substantial Pennsylvanian coal resources of high volatile bituminous rank, but much of this resource is considered to be too deep or too thin for economic mining. Sequestration of CO2 within the unminable parts of these coalbeds is one of the geological options considered for future isolation of CO2. The remaining coal resource in the basin is newly estimated for this study at 413 billion t (455 billion tons) of which 142 billion t (157 billion tons) (or 34.5%) meets the minable criteria of being less than 305 m (1000 ft) deep and greater than 1.1 m (3.5 ft) thick. Thus, 271 billion t (298 billion tons) are potentially available as a CO2 sequestration reservoir. The estimated CO2 storage capacity of the unminable coals in the Illinois Basin is 3.63 billion t (4 billion tons). In addition to storing CO2, these coals are also targets for enhanced coalbed methane production, with an estimated volume of 6.68 tcf (189 billion m3) of recoverable methane. For the coals studied, the adsorption capacities for CO2 are three to six times greater than for methane (CH4). Experiments demonstrate that swelling and shrinkage of the Illinois Basin coals after injection of CO2 are considerable, indicating the possibility of permeability damage following CO2 injection. Key parameters that influence gas adsorption capacities were mapped for the Danville, Hymera, Herrin, Springfield, Survant, Colchester, and Seelyville coal members, including thickness, depth, elevation, moisture and ash, vitrinite reflectance, and temperature and pressure.
Sleep-inducing effect of Rhynchophylline in EphA4 knockout mice

Abstract We have recently demonstrated that the alkaloid rhynchophylline (RHY; purified from Uncaria plants) induces sleep and modifies electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity throughout the 24-h day in a vigilance state-dependent manner in wild-type mice. We here asked whether this alkaloid impacts wake/sleep variables in the absence of the cell adhesion protein EPHA4, via ECoG recording in EphA4 knockout (KO) mice submitted to the same RHY treatment contemporaneously to the wild-type mice (littermates). We uncover that RHY decreases time spent awake and increases time spent in slow wave sleep in EphA4 KO mice and alters the 24-h time course of ECoG activity during wakefulness and sleep states. These observations are similar to the reported effects of RHY in wild-type littermate animals, which strongly supports that RHY-driven sleep alterations are not dependent on the presence of EPHA4.