Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Disk Origin for the Monoceros Ring and A13 Stellar Overdensities

The Monoceros Ring (also known as the Galactic Anticenter Stellar Structure) and A13 are stellar overdensities at estimated heliocentric distances of d ∼ 11 kpc and 15 kpc observed at low Galactic latitudes toward the anticenter of our Galaxy. While these overdensities were initially thought to be remnants of a tidally disrupted satellite galaxy, an alternate scenario is that they are composed of stars from the Milky Way (MW) disk kicked out to their current location due to interactions between a satellite galaxy and the disk. To test this scenario, we study the stellar populations of the Monoceros Ring and A13 by measuring the number of RR Lyrae and M giant stars associated with these overdensities. We obtain low-resolution spectroscopy for RR Lyrae stars in the two structures and measure radial velocities to compare with previously measured velocities for M giant stars in the regions of the Monoceros Ring and A13, to assess the fraction of RR Lyrae to M giant stars (fRR:MG) in A13 and Mon/GASS. We perform velocity modeling on 153 RR Lyrae stars (116 in the Monoceros Ring and 37 in A13) and find that both structures have very low fRR:MG. The results support a scenario in which stars in A13 and Mon/GASS formed in the MW disk. We discuss a possible association between Mon/GASS, A13, and the Triangulum-Andromeda overdensity based on their similar velocity distributions and fRR:MG.
Comparing Even with Skewed Dietary Protein Distribution Shows No Difference in Muscle Protein Synthesis or Amino Acid Utilization in Healthy Older Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sarcopenia is a multifactorial disease that limits autonomy for the growing elderly population. An optimal amount of dietary protein has shown to be important to maintain muscle mass during aging. Yet, the optimal distribution of that dietary protein has not been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to examine whether an even, compared to a skewed, distribution of daily dietary protein leads to higher muscle protein synthesis and amino acid utilization. Twelve healthy males and twelve healthy females aged between 65 and 80 years were block randomized to either an even (EVEN, n = 12) or skewed (SKEWED, n = 12) dietary protein distribution for three daily main meals. Seven days of habituation were followed by three trial days, which were initiated by oral intake of deuterium oxide (D2O). The dietary protein throughout all trial meals was intrinsically labelled with 2H5-phenylalanine. Blood samples were drawn daily, and muscle biopsies were taken before and at the end of the trial to measure muscle protein synthesis (FSR) and muscle protein incorporation of the dietary-protein-derived tracer. Muscle protein FSR was no different between the two groups (EVEN 2.16 ± 0.13%/day and SKEWED 2.23 ± 0.09%/day, p = 0.647), and the muscle protein incorporation of the intrinsically labeled 2H5-phenylalanine tracer was not different between the two groups (EVEN 0.0049 ± 0.0004 MPE% and SKEWED 0.0054 ± 0.0003 MPE%, p = 0.306). In conclusion, the daily distribution pattern of the dietary protein did not affect muscle protein synthesis or the utilization of dietary protein.
Icariside II induces rapid phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via multiple signaling pathways

Icariside II, as a favonoid compound derived from epimedium, has been proved to involed in a variety of biological and pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporosis, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, and anti-cancer but its mechanism is unclear, especially in terms of its effect on post-transcriptional modification of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Phosphorylation of eNOS plays an important role in the synthesis of nitric oxide in endothelial cells, which is closely related to erectile dysfunction, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and other diseases. Our study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of Icariside II on the rapid phosphorylation of eNOS. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with Icariside II in the presence or absence of multiple inhibitors (1 µM), including LY294002 (PI3K-inhibitor), MK-2206 (AKT-inhibitor), Bisindolylmaleimide X (AMPK-inhibitor), H-89 (CaMKII-inhibitor), KN-62 (PKA-inhibitor), Dorsomorphin (PKC-inhibitor). The proliferation of HUVECs was assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The release of nitric oxide (NO) within HUVECs was detected via fluorescence probe (DAF-FM). Western blot was used to examine the effect of Icariside II on the expression of eNOS, phosphorylation of eNOS, and common signaling pathways proteins. In this study, Icariside II was found to promote the cell proliferation and rapid NO release in HUVECs. The phosphorylation of eNOS-Ser1177 was significantly increased after Icariside II stimulation and reached a peak at 10 min (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495 was significantly decreased after 45 min of stimulation (p < 0.05). Following the intervention with multiple inhibitors, it was found that MK-2206 (AKT inhibitor), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), KN-62 (AMPK inhibitor), and Bisindolylmaleimide X (PKC inhibitor) could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of eNOS-Ser1177 caused by Icariside II (p < 0.05), while MK-2206, LY294002, and Bisindolylmaleimide X reversed the alleviated phosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495. We concluded that Icariside can regulate rapid phosphorylation of eNOS- Ser1177 and eNOS-Thr495 via multiple signaling pathways, resulting in the up-regulation of eNOS and the increased release of NO.
Is the vast polar structure of dwarf galaxies a serious problem for Λ cold dark matter

The dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way are distributed in a so-called vast polar structure (VPOS) that may be in conflict with Lambda CDM simulations. Here, we seek to determine if the VPOS poses a serious challenge to the Lambda cold dark matter paradigm on galactic scales. Specifically, we investigate if the VPOS remains coherent as a function of time. Using the measured Hubble Space Telescope (HST) proper motions and associated uncertainties, we integrate the orbits of the classical Milky Way satellites backwards in time and find that the structure disperses well before a dynamical time. We also examine in particular Leo I and Leo II using their most recent proper motion data, both of which have extreme kinematic properties, but these satellites do not appear to drive the polar fit that is seen at the present day. We have studied the effect of the uncertainties on the HST proper motions on the coherence of the VPOS as a function of time. We find that 8 of the 11 classical dwarfs have reliable proper motions; for these 8, the VPOS also loses significance in less than a dynamical time, indicating that the VPOS is not a dynamically stable structure. Obtaining more accurate proper motion measurements of Ursa Minor, Sculptor, and Carina would bolster these conclusions.
z ∼ 2: An Epoch of Disk Assembly

We explore the evolution of the internal gas kinematics of star-forming galaxies from the peak of cosmic star formation at z ∼ 2 to today. Measurements of galaxy rotation velocity Vrot, which quantify ordered motions, and gas velocity dispersion σ g , which quantify disordered motions, are adopted from the DEEP2 and SIGMA surveys. This sample covers a continuous baseline in redshift over 0.1 < z < 2.5 , spanning 10 Gyr. At low redshift, nearly all sufficiently massive star-forming galaxies are rotationally supported ( V rot > σ g ). By z = 2, 50% and 70% of galaxies are rotationally supported at low ( 10 9 – 10 10 M ⊙ ) and high ( 10 10 – 10 11 M ⊙ ) stellar mass, respectively. For V rot > 3 σ g , the percentage drops below 35% for all masses. From z = 2 to now, galaxies exhibit remarkably smooth kinematic evolution on average. All galaxies tend toward rotational support with time, and higher-mass systems reach it earlier. This is largely due to a mass-independent decline in σ g by a factor of 3 since z = 2. Over the same time period, Vrot increases by a factor of 1.5 in low-mass systems but does not evolve at high mass. These trends in Vrot and σ g are at a fixed stellar mass and therefore should not be interpreted as evolutionary tracks for galaxy populations. When populations are linked in time via abundance matching, σ g declines as before and Vrot strongly increases with time for all galaxy populations, enhancing the evolution in V rot / σ g . These results indicate that z = 2 is a period of disk assembly, during which strong rotational support is only just beginning to emerge.
The Density Profile of Cluster-Scale Dark Matter Halos

We measure the average gravitational shear profile of six massive clusters (Mvir ~ 1015 M☉) at z = 0.3 out to a radius of ~2 h-1 Mpc. The measurements are fitted to a generalized Navarro-Frenk-White-like halo model ρ(r) with an arbitrary r → 0 slope, α. The data are well fitted by such a model with a central cusp with α ~ 0.9-1.6 (68% confidence interval). For the standard Navarro-Frenk-White case α = 1.0, we find a concentration parameter cvir that is consistent with recent predictions from high-resolution cold dark matter N-body simulations. Our data are also well fitted by an isothermal sphere model with a softened core. For this model, our 1 σ upper limit for the core radius corresponds to a limit σ⋆ ≤ 0.1 cm2 g-1 on the elastic collision cross section in a self-interacting dark matter model.
Factors Analysis Structure with Profitability as Intervening Variables

This study aims to identify and analyzes the factors that influence capital structure with profitability as an intervening variable in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The quantitative research method was used in this study. The study used 228 data for path analysis. Classical assumption test analysis, path analysis, Sobel test, and hypothesis testing using SPSS 25 statistical tools as analytical methods. The steps for testing path analysis are as follows: First, formulate a structural equation. Second Calculate the path coefficient based on the regression coefficient. Third Calculate the path coefficient simultaneously. Finally, Calculate the path coefficient simultaneously. The results of this study indicate that sales growth does not directly affect the capital structure, while firm size directly affects capital structure. At the same time, profitability cannot mediate from sales growth or company size on capital structure
Clustering of submillimetre galaxies in a self-regulated baryon collapse model

We investigate anisotropies in the cosmic infrared background (CIB) using a combination of the physical evolutionary model for proto-spheroid galaxies of Granato et al. and an independent halo occupation distribution analysis. After having re-calibrated the cumulative flux function dS/dz at Graphicm using the available determinations of the shot-noise amplitude (the original model already correctly reproduced it at shorter wavelengths), the CIB power spectra at wavelengths from Graphicm to 2 mm measured by Planck, Herschel, South Pole Telescope and Atacama Cosmology Telescope experiments have been fitted using the halo model with only two free parameters, the minimum halo mass and the power-law index of the mean occupation function of satellite galaxies. The best-fitting minimum halo mass is log (Mmin/M⊙) = 12.24 ± 0.06, higher than, but consistent within the errors, the estimate by Amblard et al. and close to the estimate by Planck Collaboration. The redshift evolution of the volume emissivity of galaxies yielded by the model is found to be consistent with that inferred from the data. The derived effective halo mass, Meff≃ 5 × 1012 M⊙, of z≃ 2 submillimetre galaxies is close to that estimated for the most efficient star formers at the same redshift. The effective bias factor and the comoving clustering radius at z≃ 2 yielded by the model are substantially lower than those found for a model whereby the star formation is fuelled by steady gas accretion, but substantially higher than those found for a merger-driven galaxy evolution with a top-heavy initial mass function.
On the fine spectrum of the operator defined by a lambda matrix over the sequence space c0 and c

The main purpose of this paper is to determine the fine spectrum with respect to Goldberg's classification of the operator defined by a lambda matrix over the sequence spaces c0 and c. As a new development, we give the approximate point spectrum, defect spectrum and compression spectrum of the matrix operator Lambda on the sequence spaces c0 and c.
Characteristic of the Ascorbate Oxidase Gene Family in Beta vulgaris and Analysis of the Role of AAO in Response to Salinity and Drought in Beet

Ascorbate oxidase, which is known to play a key role in regulating the redox state in the apoplast, cell wall metabolism, cell expansion and abiotic stress response in plants, oxidizes apo-plastic ascorbic acid (AA) to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). However, there is little information about the AAO genes and their functions in beets under abiotic stress. The term salt or drought stress refers to the treatment of plants with slow and gradual salinity/drought. Contrastingly, salt shock consists of exposing plants to high salt levels instantaneously and drought shock occurs under fast drought progression. In the present work, we have subjected plants to salinity or drought treatments to elicit either stress or shock and carried out a genome-wide analysis of ascorbate oxidase (AAO) genes in sugar beet (B. vulgaris cv. Huzar) and its halophytic ancestor (B. maritima). Here, conserved domain analyses showed the existence of twelve BvAAO gene family members in the genome of sugar beet. The BvAAO_1–12 genes are located on chromosomes 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9. The phylogenetic tree exhibited the close relationships between BvAAO_1-12 and AAO genes of Spinacia oleracea and Chenopodium quinoa. In both beet genotypes, downregulation of AAO gene expression with the duration of salt stress or drought treatment was observed. This correlated with a decrease in AAO enzyme activity under defined experimental setup. Under salinity, the key downregulated gene was BvAAO_10 in Beta maritima and under drought the BvAAO_3 gene in both beets. This phenomenon may be involved in determining the high tolerance of beet to salinity and drought.
Photoinduced Processes in Rhenium(I) Terpyridine Complexes Bearing Remote Amine Groups: New Insights from Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

Photophysical properties of two Re(I) complexes [ReCl(CO)3(R-C6H4-terpy-κ2N)] with remote amine groups, N-methyl-piperazinyl (1) and (2-cyanoethyl)methylamine (2), were investigated. The complexes show strong absorption in the visible region corresponding to metal-to-ligand charge transfer (1MLCT) and intraligand-charge-transfer (1ILCT) transitions. The energy levels of 3MLCT and 3ILCT excited-states, and thus photoluminescence properties of 1 and 2, were found to be strongly affected by the solvent polarity. Compared to the parent chromophore [ReCl(CO)3(C6H5-terpy-κ2N)] (3), both designed complexes show significantly prolonged (by 1–2 orders of magnitude) phosphorescence lifetimes in acetonitrile and dimethylformamide, contrary to their lifetimes in less polar chloroform and tetrahydrofuran, which are comparable to those for 3. The femtosecond transient absorption (fsTA) measurements confirmed the interconversion between the 3MLCT and 3ILCT excited-states in polar solvents. In contrast, the emissive state of 1 and 2 in less polar environments is of predominant 3MLCT nature.
Inner bars also buckle. The MUSE TIMER view of the double-barred galaxy NGC 1291

Double bars are thought to be important features for secular evolution in the central regions of galaxies. However, observational evidence about their origin and evolution is still scarce. We report on the discovery of the first Box-Peanut (B/P) structure in an inner bar detected in the face-on galaxy NGC 1291. We use the integral field data obtained from the MUSE spectrograph within the TIMER project. The B/P structure is detected as bi-symmetric minima of the $h_4$ moment of the line-of-sight velocity distribution along the major axis of the inner bar, as expected from numerical simulations. Our observations demonstrate that inner bars can follow a similar evolutionary path as outer bars, undergoing buckling instabilities. They also suggest that inner bars are long-lived structures, thus imposing tight constraints to their possible formation mechanisms
Is the luminosity distribution of field galaxies really flat

Recent observations of the galaxy population within rich clusters have found a characteristic luminosity distribution described by a flat (alpha = -1.0) Schechter function which exhibits an upturn at faint absolute magnitudes (B Mag = -18). Here we discuss whether such a form for the field luminosity distribution is ruled out by local and/or faint magnitude limited redshift surveys (MLRS). Our conclusions are that existing redshift surveys provide little constraints on the volume-density distribution of field galaxies faintwards of B Mag = -18. The local MLRS suffer from poor statistics over inhomogeneous volumes, while the faint MLRS are ambiguous because of the unknown nature of the ``faint blue excess'' and the ``normalization'' problem. Adopting a functional form similar to that seen in rich clusters we find that the maximum allowable faint end slope, based on the Mt Stromlo-APM redshift survey, is $\alpha \approx -1.8$ faintwards of B Mag = -18.0 (Ho = 50 km/s/Mpc^{3}).
Value Stream Analysis and Middlemen Impact of Skipjack Tuna and Smoothbelly Sardinella Dried Fish Value Chains in Sri Lanka

Value-added activities, chain structures, and middlemen impact are incomprehensible in the dried fish economy. Processors have a significant impact at the initial stage of the value chain, but little control over value chain management; however vastly monopolized by intermediaries. Yet, the processors receive poor returns compared to other actors in the value chain. Value stream analysis visualizes the value additions incorporated by all the actors and agents in the value chain. Despite the literature states of different returns along the value chain, a comprehensive mapping is needed to assess the contribution by actors and agents over Value Added (VA), Necessary Value Added (NVA) and Non-Necessary Value Added activities (NNVA). This will enable fair and efficient functions in the value chain. The same scenario is common in dried fish value chains in Sri Lanka which is inadequately researched. This study aims to conduct a value stream analysis, middlemen impact assessment, and their relationship for skipjack tuna and smoothbelly sardinella dried fish value chains representing the highest per-capita consumption dried fish varieties in Sri Lanka. Hambantota, Matara, Puttalam, and Gampaha were selected to conduct the study representing the highest dried fish production districts. A quantitative data collection method was adopted employing a pre-tested structured questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique was used to draw the sample from processors, wholesalers and retailers where the sample sizes were 100, ,40, and 40 respectively. Secondary data were collected from reputed published materials. Data were analyzed mainly using descriptive techniques. The number of VA, NV,A and NNVA activities are approximately decreased through the skipjack tuna value chain as processor (VA-10, NVA-01, NNVA-02), wholesaler (VA-2, NVA-1, NNVA-4) and retailer (VA-02, NVA-01, NNVA-01) and for smoothbelly sardinella processor (VA-08, NVA-01, NNVA-02), wholesaler (VA-02, NVA-01, NNVA-02) and retailer (VA-01, NVA-01, NNVA-02) levels. Time spent for each activity is decreased through value chain for both dried fish varieties. The market margins for skipjack tuna and smoothbelly sardinella are 46.64% and 38.19% respectively. Profit margins are increased along the value chain at the processor, wholesaler and retailer levels for skipjack tuna (9.63%, 15.25%, 27.22%) and smoothbelly sardinella (12.53%, 14.23%, 20.98%) respectively. In contrast, profit gain was not fairly distributed along the value chain proportionately contribution to activities and times spent by actors. This recommended an effective mechanism for fair profit sharing for dried fish actors based on their contribution to value addition and time spent on each activity.
Exponential lower bound on the highest fidelity achievable by quantum error-correcting codes

On a class of quantum channels which includes the depolarizing channel, the highest fidelity of quantum error-correcting codes of length n and rate R is proven to be lower bounded by 1-exp[-nE(R)+o(n)] for some function E(R). The E(R) is positive below some threshold R 0 , which implies R 0 is a lower bound on the quantum capacity.
Adverse Reactions after the Third Dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine among Medical School Residents in a Regional Reference University Hospital in Italy

The recent emergence of new variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 and the uncertain duration of protection provided by the primary immunization cycle have highlighted the need for COVID-19 booster vaccinations. However, only a few studies have assessed the safety and reactogenicity profile of mRNA booster doses. Therefore, we conducted an online survey with the aim of assessing the adverse reaction profile in the 7 days following a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in a population of resident physicians who had already been investigated after the primary vaccination. Among the 512 resident physicians (female = 53.2%, mean age = 29.8 years) invited to participate in the survey, 222 completed the survey (56.5% female, mean age of 29.9 years), with an average time from second to third dose of 8.6 months. The most common adverse reactions were local pain (88.3%), fatigue (58.1%), muscle/joint pain (44.1%), and headache (38.3%), all subsiding in 48–72 h. While the local reaction rate was similar to that following the first two doses, the systemic reactions were considerably less common and milder compared to the second vaccination. Nonetheless, over one third (36.1%) of participants reported interference with their normal activities. These results complement our previous findings and could aid occupational and public health professionals in the counselling of vaccinees.
Apparent ambiguities in the post-Newtonian expansion for binary systems

We discuss the source of the apparent ambiguities arising in the calculation of the dynamics of binary black holes within the Post-Newtonian framework. Divergences appear in both the near and far zone calculations, and may be of either ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) nature. The effective field theory (EFT) formalism elucidates the origin of the singularities which may introduce apparent ambiguities. In particular, the only (physical) 'ambiguity parameters' that necessitate a matching calculation correspond to unknown finite size effects, which first appear at fifth Post-Newtonian (5PN) order for non-spinning bodies. We demonstrate that the ambiguities linked to IR divergences in the near zone, that plague the recent derivations of the binding energy at 4PN order, both in the ADM and 'Fokker-action' approach, can be resolved by implementing the so-called 'zero-bin' subtraction in the EFT framework. The procedure yields ambiguity-free results without the need of additional information beyond the PN expansion.