Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Elastic Net Regression Model for Identifying Long COVID Patients Using Health Administrative Data: A Population-Based Study

Abstract Background Long coronavirus disease (COVID) patients experience persistent symptoms after acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Healthcare utilization data could provide critical information on the disease burden of long COVID for service planning; however, not all patients are diagnosed or assigned long COVID diagnostic codes. We developed an algorithm to identify individuals with long COVID using population-level health administrative data from British Columbia (BC), Canada. Methods An elastic net penalized logistic regression model was developed to identify long COVID patients based on demographic characteristics, pre-existing conditions, COVID-19-related data, and all symptoms/conditions recorded >28–183 days after the COVID-19 symptom onset/reported (index) date of known long COVID patients (n = 2430) and a control group (n = 24 300), selected from all adult COVID-19 cases in BC with an index date on/before October 31, 2021 (n = 168 111). Known long COVID cases were diagnosed in a clinic and/or had the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Canada (ICD-10-CA) code for “post COVID-19 condition” in their records. Results The algorithm retained known symptoms/conditions associated with long COVID, demonstrating high sensitivity (86%), specificity (86%), and area under the receiver operator curve (93%). It identified 25 220 (18%) long COVID patients among the remaining 141 381 adult COVID-19 cases, >10 times the number of known cases. Known and predicted long COVID patients had comparable demographic and health-related characteristics. Conclusions Our algorithm identified long COVID patients with a high level of accuracy. This large cohort of long COVID patients will serve as a platform for robust assessments on the clinical course of long COVID, and provide much needed concrete information for decision-making.
An experimental determination of transition limits in a vertical natural convection flow adjacent to a surface

This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation to determine transition mechanisms and limits in gases at high pressure levels. We sought also to refine further the parameters for transition, in particular the role of kinematic viscosity. In flow adjacent to a vertical uniform-flux surface in nitrogen, pressures to 16 atm were used. Both mean and disturbance quantities for the temperature and velocity fields were measured for various values of the heat flux, downstream location and ambient pressure level. Hot-wire and fine thermocouple probes were used. We found that the velocity and thermal fields remain closely coupled. Velocity, or fluid-dynamic, transition is immediately followed by thermal transition. Each was detected as a decrease in the rate of increase of both the maximum velocity and the overall temperature difference, respectively, from the laminar downstream trends. Also, the ends of transition for the velocity and the thermal fields, respectively, signalled by no further appreciable change in the intermittency distributions, were simultaneous. These results re-affirm the finding that the events of transition are not correlated by the Grashof number alone. An additional dependence on both downstream location and pressure level arises. A fixed value of the parameter $Q_{BT} = qB^{\frac{2}{15}}= 290$ characterizes the beginning of transition, where q is the fifth root of the local non-dimensional wall heat flux and B is the unit Grashof number. The end of transition, on the other hand, is best correlated by $Q_{ET} = QB^{\frac{1}{30}} = 11.4$, where Q is the fifth root of the local non-dimensional total heat convected in the boundary region. A re-examination of other transition studies, in both gases and liquids, supports these correlations, although many such data were not determined with fast response to local sensors. There remains a small level of uncertainty in establishing exact limits for transition, since the apparently proper standards for determining them are very difficult to apply precisely in experiments. However, such limits are very important in separating regimes of different transport mechanisms.
Solution of the Radiative Transfer Equation in Three-Dimensional Participating Media Using a Hybrid Discrete Ordinates: Spherical Harmonics Method

In this article, a new hybrid solution to the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is proposed. Following the modified differential approximation (MDA), the radiation intensity is first split into two components: a “wall” component, and a “medium” component. Traditionally, the wall component is determined using a viewfactor-based surface-to-surface exchange formulation, while the medium component is determined by invoking the first-order spherical harmonics (P1 ) approximation. Recent studies have shown that although the MDA approach is accurate over a large range of optical thicknesses, it is prohibitive for complex three-dimensional geometry with obstructions, both from a computational efficiency as well as memory standpoint. The inefficiency stems from the use of the viewfactor-based approach for determination of the wall-emitted component. In this work, instead, the wall component is determined directly using the control angle discrete ordinates method (CADOM). The new hybrid method was validated for both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) geometries against benchmark Monte Carlo results for gray media in which the optical thickness was varied over a large range. In all cases, the accuracy of the hybrid method was found to be within a few percent of Monte Carlo results, and comparable to the solutions of the RTE obtained directly using CADOM. Finally, the new hybrid method was explored for 3D nongray media in the presence of reflecting walls and various scattering albedos. As a noteworthy advantage, irrespective of the conditions used, it was always found to be computationally more efficient than standalone CADOM and up to 15 times more efficient than standalone CADOM for optically thick media with strong scattering.
Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal mushroom cultivation- constraints and opportunities for Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract Mushrooms have a long history of cultivation, dating back to 600 AD. However, most edible mushroom species worldwide are still gathered from the wild, a practice which is unsustainable in contributing to global food security. Cultivation of saprotrophic mushroom species has successfully used agricultural waste as growing substrate. Their mycorrhizal counterparts, however, remain dependent on their woody hosts and seasonality thereby being less accessible to urban communities. The main reason has been the lack of methods which effectively simulate mycorrhizal symbiotic environments. Apart from requiring particular species of bacteria for mycorrhization with their woody host species, mycorrhizal mushrooms also strictly require glucose or fructose as their only source of carbon. Hence, sustainable off-host cultivation of mycorrhizal mushrooms will require better understanding of exact conditions of mycorrhization and fructification. In this review, a brief history of use and general biology of mushrooms, and the cultivation methods employed for non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal mushrooms are discussed. Finally, a discussion is provided on the prospects for Sub-Saharan Africa in developing modern sustainable cultivation methods for wild mushrooms towards meeting the key UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Coulomb gap revisited { a renormalisation approach

One of the most prominent features of the Coulomb glass is the soft gap in the single-particle density of states. Previous detailed numerical studies of the gap yielded clear deviations from the analytical result. Because of the long-range interaction, the energy region which could be considered in those simulations was bounded by severe difficulties arising from finite-size effects. To approach this problem, we use a renormalisation-like procedure. It is not based on composing a large sample out of pre-relaxed small pieces but on introducing a cut-off length of the interaction which increases step by step during relaxation. For one- to three-dimensional samples, we study the influence of the disorder strength. The consideration of samples of up to 2 · 109 sites opens new insight: There is a tendency to universal behaviour in all three cases as predicted analytically. Asymptotic power laws with the predicted exponents seem to hold in the two- and three-dimensional cases, but the prefactors are smaller than predicted by about a factor of 2 to 3. However, this behaviour is observed only in the region of very low energies.
The structure of turbulent boundary layers at low Reynolds numbers

Conditionally sampled hot-wire and ‘cold-wire’ (resistance-thermometer) measure- ments confirm the general flow picture advanced by Falco (1974, 1977, 1980; see also Smith & Abbott 1978) and by Head & Bandyopadhyay (1981; see also Smith & Abbott) on the basis of smoke observations and more limited hot-wire measurements. The probability density function of turbulent-zone lengths in the intermittent region varies rapidly with Reynolds number, supporting the above authors’ finding that the hairpin-vortex ‘typical eddies’ in the viscous superlayer scale on the viscous length ν/uτ, rather than on boundary-layer thickness. However the average turbulent-zone length, deduced as an integral moment of the probability distribution, tends to a constant fraction of the boundary-layer thickness above a momentum-thickness Reynolds number of 5000, which strongly suggests that at high Reynolds numbers the overall shape of the turbulent irrotational interface is controlled by the classical ‘large eddies’ and not by the viscosity-dependent small eddies. The intermittency profile is practically independent of Reynolds number. The second-order structural parameter $\overline{u^2}/\overline{v^2}$ increases strongly with increasing Reynolds number but the triple-product parameters, with the exception of the u-component skewness, vary only slowly with Reynolds number. This behaviour of the intermittency and velocity statistics is most simply explained by supposing that the lengthscale of the large eddies is nearly independent of Reynolds number while their intensity is somewhat lower at low Reynolds number. ‘Typical eddies’ evidently contribute to the Reynolds stresses at low Reynolds number, but it is probable that the large eddies carry most of the triple products at any Reynolds number. Our results confirm the usual finding that the mixing length and dissipation length parameter increase, while the wake component of the velocity profile decreases, as Reynolds number decreases.
A2597: Another massive cooling flow

Les observations RX, optiques et UV de l'amas A2597 confirment la presence d'un ecoulement de refroidissement central. Le gaz intergalactique se refroidit a un taux d'environ 370 M ○. an −1 et on observe un gaz a raies d'emission optiques autour de la galaxie centrale sur une distance radiale ∼25 kpc. L'examen du spectre du continuum bleu de la galaxie centrale indique que seulement moins de 0.1 M ○. an −1 de formation stellaire detectable a lieu
Learning from imprecise examples with GA-P algorithms

GA-P algorithms combine genetic programming and genetic algorithms to solve symbolic regression problems. In this work, we will learn a model by means of an interval GA-P procedure which can use precise or imprecise examples. This method provides us with an analytic expression that shows the dependence between input and output variables, using interval arithmetic. The method also provides us with interval estimations of the parameters on which this expression depends. The algorithm that we propose has been tested in a practical problem related to electrical engineering. We will obtain an expression of the length of the low voltage electrical line in some Spanish villages as a function of their area and their number of inhabitants. The obtained model is compared to statistical regression-based, neural network, fuzzy rule-based and genetic programming-based models.
Fixed point theorems for a system of transformations in generalized metric spaces

In this paper we present the results on the existence of fixed points of system of mappings in generalized metric spaces generalizing the result of Diaz and Margolis. Also the “local fixed point theorems” of a system of such mappings both in generalized and ordinary metric spaces are stated. Banach fixed point theorem and many others are consequences of our results.
Aberrant Expression and Prognostic Potential of IL-37 in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma

Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a relatively new IL-1 family cytokine that, due to its immunoregulatory properties, has lately gained increasing attention in basic and translational biomedical research. Emerging evidence supports the implication of this protein in any human disorder in which immune homeostasis is compromised, including cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic and/or diagnostic potential of IL-37 and its receptor SIGIRR (single immunoglobulin IL-1-related receptor) in human tumors. We utilized a series of bioinformatics tools and -omics datasets to unravel possible associations of IL-37 and SIGIRR expression levels and genetic aberrations with tumor development, histopathological parameters, distribution of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and survival rates of patients. Our data revealed that amongst the 17 human malignancies investigated, IL-37 exhibits higher expression levels in tumors of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Moreover, the expression profiles of IL-37 and SIGIRR are associated with LUAD development and tumor stage, whereas their high mRNA levels are favorable prognostic factors for the overall survival of patients. What is more, IL-37 correlates positively with a LUAD-associated transcriptomic signature, and its nucleotide changes and expression levels are linked with distinct infiltration patterns of certain cell subsets known to control LUAD anti-tumor immune responses. Our data indicate the potential value of IL-37 and its receptor SIGIRR to serve as biomarkers and/or immune-checkpoint therapeutic targets for LUAD patients. Further, the data highlight the urgent need for further exploration of this cytokine and the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms to fully elucidate its implication in LUAD development and progression.
Linear differential equations with exceptional fundamental sets. II

We will prove the following conjecture of Wittich: Let L(w) = w(n) + pn−2(z)w + · · · + p0(z)w be a linear differential operator with polynomial coefficients and let {w1, . , wn} be a fundamental set of the equation L(w) = 0, each wj having Borel exceptional value 0 (or being a polynomial). Then the coefficients of L are constants.
Comparison of Theoretical and Experimental Values of Spatial Correlation

Experimental measurements of spatial correlation were made using the top 12 elements of a 40‐element vertical array. The hydrophone outputs were passed through filters in the 200‐ to 400‐, 400‐ to 600‐, 600‐ to 800‐, and 800‐ to 1000‐cps bands. Selected pairs of hydrophones were crosscorrelated. The experimental values of spatial correlation were compared with the theoretical values of spatial correlation. A good agreement of the experimental results with the theoretical results is obtained in the higher passbands. In general, the agreement is better for higher‐frequency bands and higher sea states. The results indicate that (1) the noise is predominantly from the horizontal direction in the 200‐ to 400‐cps band, (2) the noise is predominantly from the vertical direction in the other measured bands, and (3) the sources on the surface of the ocean radiate energy similar to that of a dipole source.
Statistically Based Chunking of Nonadjacent Dependencies

How individuals learn complex regularities in the environment and generalize them to new instances is a key question in cognitive science. Although previous investigations have advocated the idea that learning and generalizing depend upon separate processes, the same basic learning mechanisms may account for both. In language learning experiments, these mechanisms have typically been studied in isolation of broader cognitive phenomena such as memory, perception, and attention. Here, we show how learning and generalization in language is embedded in these broader theories by testing learners on their ability to chunk nonadjacent dependencies — a key structure in language but a challenge to theories that posit learning through the memorization of structure. In two studies, adult participants were trained and tested on an arti ﬁ cial language containing nonadja-cent syllable dependencies, using a novel chunking-based serial recall task involving verbal repetition of target sequences (formed from learned strings) and scrambled foils. Participants recalled signi ﬁ cantly more syllables, bigrams, trigrams, and nonadjacent dependencies from sequences conforming to the language ’ s statistics (both learned and generalized sequences). They also encoded and generalized speci ﬁ c nonadjacent chunk information. These results suggest that participants chunk remote dependencies and rapidly generalize this information to novel structures. The results thus provide further support for learning-based approaches to language acquisition, and link statistical learning to broader cognitive mechanisms of memory.
The problem of n bodies in general relativity theory

1. In a recent investigation of the problem of two bodies in general relativity theory, Prof. Levi-Civita (1937 b ) has reached the conclusion that the centre of gravity has a secular acceleration in the direction of the major axis of the orbit towards the periastron of the larger mass. He gives an example of a binary star in which this acceleration may become detectable in much less than a century, perhaps even in a few years. Since the periastron slowly revolves, Levi-Civita’s result implies that the binary star as a whole spontaneously describes a circle of very large radius. There seems to be no obvious ground for regarding this as impossible; it is conceivable that an unsymmetrical system may radiate momentum by gravitational waves and so experience a recoil. But the behaviour is so peculiar as to inspire doubt; and we determined to re-examine the problem with a view either to detecting an error or to obtaining further light on the nature of the phenomenon.
Maximin and Bayesian robust experimental design for measurement set selection in modelling biochemical regulatory systems

Experimental design is important in system identification, especially when the models are complex and the measurement data are sparse and noisy, as often occurs in modelling of biochemical regulatory networks. The quality of conventional optimal experimental design largely depends on the accuracy of model parameter estimation, which is often either unavailable or poorly estimated at the stage of design. Robust experimental design (RED) algorithms have thus been proposed when model parametric uncertainties need to be addressed during the design process. In this paper, two robust design strategies are investigated and the comparative study has been made on signal pathway models. The first method is a maximin experimental design approach which is a worst‐case design strategy, and the second method is the Bayesian experimental design that ‘takes an average’ of the parametric uncertainty effects. The limitations of the maximin design which describes the structural uncertainty using a local Taylor representation are quantitatively evaluated. To better quantitatively assess the differences between the maximin and the Bayesian REDs, a concept of effective design parameters is proposed, from which the advantages of the Bayesian design is demonstrated especially in the case of large model uncertainties. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Turbulent Diffusion in a Stratified Fluid

Abstract This paper examines the dynamical effects on a particle drifting in a homogeneous field of turbulence, stationary and uniform except for a constant vertical density gradient. The ordinary “mechanical” impulses due to random normal pressures and shear stresses are assumed to have the same statistical properties as in the absence of density stratification. The buoyancy forces arising from the displacement of the particle are, on the other hand, seen to be more nearly “organized” forces and their presence in the equations of motion modifies Lagrangian velocity autocorrelations significantly. The results show that under unstable stratification the velocity history of a diffusing particle is not stationary to second order, the variance increasing exponentially with time. When the stratification is stable, on the other hand, the standard deviation of vertical displacement tends asymptotically to a constant value. These results are in qualitative agreement with observations of the Prairie Grass project .
Extremal Behaviour of Stationary Markov Chains with Applications

In this paper the extremal behaviour of real-valued, stationary Markov chains is studied under fairly general assumptions. Conditions are obtained for convergence in distribution of multilevel exceedance point processes associated with suitable families of high levels. Although applicable to general stationary sequences, these conditions are tailored for Markov chains and are seen to hold for a large class of chains. The extra assumptions used are that the marginal distributions belong to the domain of attraction of some extreme value law together with rather weak conditions on the transition probabilities. Also, a complete convergence result is given. The results are applied to an AR(1) process with uniform margins and to solutions of a first order stochastic difference equation with random coefficients.
Investigations of the dose-dependent anomalous fading rate of feldspar from sediments

Anomalous fading characteristics of feldspar from sediments are investigated using both modelling and experimental data. Based on the theory of tunnelling from electron traps to randomly distributed recombination centres proposed by Huntley (2006 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 18 1359–65), the following aspects are modelled: the tunnelling-related decay of the luminescence signal from laboratory-irradiated and naturally irradiated samples, the effects of anomalous fading on the shape of dose response curve (DRC) under natural irradiation, the probability distribution of trap-to-centre distance for laboratory-irradiated and naturally irradiated samples and the dependence of anomalous fading on natural doses and their relationship to the density of recombination centres. The modelling results were tested by measuring the anomalous fading rate and DRCs for K-feldspar from laboratory-irradiated samples and naturally irradiated samples with different ages. The experimental data show that the fading rates for both laboratory-irradiated samples and naturally irradiated samples are strongly dependent on the size of radiation dose received.
Computer Simulation of Cyclic Polymers in Disordered Media

In order to determine the structure and dynamical properties of cyclic polymers (rings) in a random environment we developed and studied an idealized model. All atomic details were suppressed, chains were represented as a sequence of identical beads and were embedded to a simple cubic lattice. A set of obstacles was also randomly introduced into the system and it can be viewed as a model of porous media. A Monte Carlo sampling algorithm using local changes of chain conformation was used to sample the conformational space. It was shown that the mean dimensions of the chain changed with the concentration of obstacles but these changes were non-monotonic. The long-time (diffusion) dynamic properties of the system were also studied. The differences in the mobility of chains depending on the obstacle density were shown and discussed.