Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Split Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Furrow Irrigated Tomato Production

Managing soil nutrient under irrigation system production is important for improved yield production. This experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the split application of nitrogen fertilizer at various growth stages of tomato under furrow irrigation. The treatments were: 100% (required by soil of the area) of urea at transplanting time (T1), 100% of urea at development period (T2), 50% of urea at transplanting time and 50% at development period (T3), 25% of urea at transplanting time and 75% at development period (T4) and no fertilizer application (T5). These five treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Application of 50% of urea at transplanting time and 50% at development period provides higher yield (39.33 ton/ha). The next higher yield was observed at application of 25% of urea at transplanting time and 75% at development period (33 ton/ha). The minimum yield was observed at no fertilizer treatment. Application of 100% urea at transplanting time or at development period provides lower yield than spilt applied treatments. This result indicated that split application of nitrogen (urea) fertilizer is better system of application in furrow irrigated tomato production. Keywords: Fertilizer, Tomato, Nutrients, Split application, Yield
MANGANESE DEFICIENCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN DATE PALM FRONDS SHOWING BRITTLE LEAF DISEASE SYMPTOMS

SUMMARY Several diseases, pests and physiological disorders threat date palm life. Among them, Brittle leaf disease or, in French, Maladie des feuilles cassantes (MFC) is a lethal disease that has acquired alarming proportions since the 1960s, when it was first observed in southern Tunisia. Up to now no causal agent has been found. Previous studies have reported that brittle fronds are deficient in manganese but the mechanisms involved in symptom expression have not yet been identified. In this study, an anatomical investigation was carried out in order to identify the deleterious effect of MFC on the development and structure of palm fronds. Results showed that in old healthy fronds the major tissue is schlerenchyma, which is characterized by very thick lignified cell walls and is often associated with conducting tissue. Indeed, large vessels are surrounded by schlerenchyma fibers that are strongly lignified when compared with those of young fronds. Diseased young fronds have almost the same shape as the healthy young fronds. Nevertheless, in old diseased fronds MFC induces important structural changes. Xylem and phloem vessels are larger, taking more space through the fibers that are smaller in number and size, and tighter. The larger diameter of the lumen and the lower thickness of the fibers present in the fronds in advanced disease stages, decreases the lignin content of cells walls, leading to an increased frond friability, which gives “the brittle leaf disease” its name.
Effect of foliar application of growth regulators on flowering of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.).

Field experiment was conducted during 2008–09 and 2009–10 to find out the effect of foliar spray of growth regulators in three doses each in GA3 (50, 100 and 150 ppm), Kinetin (50, 100 and 150 ppm), NAA (50, 100 and 150 ppm), Ethrel (100, 200 ad 300 ppm) and SADH (100, 200 and 300 ppm) on the flowering of two cultivars of tuberose viz., Shringar and Kalyani Double. Cultivar Shringar was superior in inducing early spike emergence, first floret opening and also produced maximum number of spikes/m2. However, cv. Kalyani Double showed maximum number of florets and spike length and flowering duration. Among various treatments, GA3 (150 ppm) was observed best in inducing early spike emergence, opening of first floret, 50 per cent floret opening and maximum spike yield per sq. meter. The spikes characters, such as length of rachis and spike, number of florets per spike, increased significantly with the application of GA3 (100 ppm). Maximum days to withering of first opened floret and flowering duration were observed with Kinetin (150 ppm). However, Ethrel (300 ppm) exhibited delayed flowering, minimum flowering duration and reduced length of spike characters.
End-to-End Deep Learning of Optimization Heuristics

Accurate automatic optimization heuristics are necessary for dealing with thecomplexity and diversity of modern hardware and software. Machine learning is aproven technique for learning such heuristics, but its success is bound by thequality of the features used. These features must be hand crafted by developersthrough a combination of expert domain knowledge and trial and error. This makesthe quality of the final model directly dependent on the skill and availabletime of the system architect.Our work introduces a better way for building heuristics. We develop a deepneural network that learns heuristics over raw code, entirely without using codefeatures. The neural network simultaneously constructs appropriaterepresentations of the code and learns how best to optimize, removing the needfor manual feature creation. Further, we show that our neural nets can transferlearning from one optimization problem to another, improving the accuracy of newmodels, without the help of human experts.We compare the effectiveness of our automatically generated heuristics againstones with features hand-picked by experts. We examine two challenging tasks:predicting optimal mapping for heterogeneous parallelism and GPU threadcoarsening factors. In 89% of the cases, the quality of our fully automaticheuristics matches or surpasses that of state-of-the-art predictive models usinghand-crafted features, providing on average 14% and 12% more performance withno human effort expended on designing features.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS ATIVIDADES DO COMPORTAMENTO INGESTIVO DE VACAS EM LACTAÇÃO EM PASTAGEM NATIVA E TIFTON 85 NA REGIÃO DA CAMPANHA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de comparar as atividades que definem o comportamento ingestivo, producao e qualidade do leite de vacas holandesas, na fase final de lactacao, alimentadas exclusivamente em tipos de pastagem e ofertas de forragem. Os animais foram alocados em pastagem nativa (10 e 16% de oferta de massa verde seca) e pastagem cultivada de Tifton 85 ( Cynodon spp )( 10% de oferta de massa verde seca). Foram utilizadas nove vacas com peso medio de 356 kg e produzindo diariamente 9,6 litros de leite. Os animais foram bloqueados por numero de partos e producao de leite, distribuidos aleatoriamente aos tratamentos segundo o delineamento quadrado latino, repetido no tempo, com nove animais, tres tratamentos e seis periodos experimentais. As atividades ingestivas consistiram nos tempos diarios de pastejo , ruminacao, descanso e taxa de bocados. O registro do comportamento foi realizado durante 24 horas consecutivas por periodo experimental, sendo avaliadas as atividades com intervalo de dez minutos, individualmente para cada animal. A qualidade do leite nao mostrou diferenca quanto ao teor de proteina e lactose. Nao foram verificadas diferencas significativas entre os tratamentos quanto ao tempo de pastejo , enquanto que as atividades de ruminacao foram superiores na pastagem nativa e o ocio no Tifton 85. As caracteristicas forrageiras das pastagens interferiram no tempo de pastejo dos animais. A disponibilidade de material verde nas diferentes pastagens nao alterou massa de bocado e a producao de leite. Palavras-chave: descanso entre pastejos , qualidade do leite, ruminacao, tempo de pastejo , oferta de forragem. ABSTRACT This research aimed at comparing the activities that define ingestive behavior in Holstein cows fed exclusively on pasture, upon different periods and levels of forage on offer, in the final period of lactation . The cows grazed native pastures (10 and 16% of dried green mass on offer) and Tifton 85 ( Cynodon spp ) pastures (10% of dry green mass on offer). Nine cows, with mean LW of 356 kg and yielding 9, 6 L/day milk were used as experimental animals. The animals were blocked based on the number of calving s and milk production. They were randomly allocated to treatments according to a replicated Latin Square Design, with nine animals, three treatments and six experimental periods. Feeding behavior was measures as daily periods of grazing, ruminating, idling and biting rates, recorded over a full 24-h experimental period. C ow activity was recorded every 10 minutes. Milk quality did not show any difference s in terms of protein and lactose. Grazing time did not show extreme differences among treatments. However, ruminating time was significantly higher on native pasture and idling time on Tifton 85. The characteristics of each pastures affected the time cows spent grazing. The amount of green forage mass on offer had no effects on traits such as bite mass and milk production. Key words : milk quality, rumination, grazing time, forage on offer.
Effect of using different lipids type on secoundary and ediblescarcasses parts of broiler (Coob-500).

This experiment was conducted in the Nawroz broiler's field in Asky-Kalak MosulIraq. The effects of added dietary fat types and levels on broiler strain (Cobb500) of secondary and edibles carcasses parts were evaluated in three treatments. Treatment one (T1) supplied with 5% vegetable fat (VF) traditional fat used in most farms of Iraq (palm oil) treat by hydrogenation industry. Treatment two (T2) is mixing from 2.5% VF hydrogenation (palm oil) with 2.5% sunflower oil (SUN). Treatment three (T3) included 5% sunflower oil. Six repetitions were used from day one age to four marketing ages (42, 45, 48 and 51 days). There were significant differences (P<0.05) among all treatments at all periods marketing ages for carcass weight. The high values were in T2 (1721g, 2140g, 2487g and 2763g) at 42, 45, 48 and 51 days respectively.Insignificant differences (P>0.05) for neck weight at 42 days and 48days ages observed for wing weight, at 45 days and 51 days there were significance (P<0.05) High value found in T2 (175.5g and 248.3g) at 45 days and 51 days respectively. Back weight, liver weight, pad fat weight, total digestive system weight, intestine weight, bile salt weight and heart weight were insignificant differences at 42 days age. High values for back weight at 45day was in C (376.2g) and at 48days,51 days were in T2 (407.2g, 440.4g) JMBFS / Hassan et al. 2012 : 1 (4) 1152-1167 1153 respectively. Liver was just significance (P<0.05) at 48 days and high value was in T2 (58.9g). Pad fat weight were significant (P<0.05) at 45 days and 51 days and high values were (41.03g, 71.6g) for T2 and T1 respectively. Head weight just at 42 days significant (P<0.05)and higher value was in T1 (45.7g). Total digestive system values was at C group at 45 days (229.5g) and at 48, 51days were in T2( 339.1g, 286.0g) respectively. Feather and blood were significant (P<0.05) at 42, 45 days higher values were in T1 (389.9g, 575.8g) respectively, but at 48, 51 days were highest values in T2 (541.2g, 488.3g) respectively. High value for intestine was in 45days at C (147.8g), and higher value at 48, 51 days were in T2 (175.5g, 183.6g) respectively. Bile salt insignificant (P<0.05) at 48, 51 days and higher value were (3.07g 3.45g) respectively, gizzared and heart were high value in T2.
Effect of Host Age on Development of Biosteres (= Opius) Longicaudatus, a Parasitoid of the Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha Suspensa

Progeny of Biosteres (= Opius) longicaudatus Ashmead which began their development in 4 and 5-day-old Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) larvae at 24-27@*C and 65-70% RH emerged in 18-19 days. Parasitoids which developed from 6 and 7-day-old host larvae took 19-20 days and 22-23 days, respectively. Mean duration of pupal development was longest (7.5 @+ 0.1 days) in the oldest (7-day-old) larvae. Egg development of the parasitoid lasted 2 days in 4 and 5-day-old host larvae and 4.6 @+ 0.1 days in 7-day-old larvae. Percent parasitoid survival was highest in 5 and 6-day-old hosts and lowest in 7-day-old larvae. There was an indication of increased size of adult parasitoids with increased host age.
Cryopreservation of Citrus reticulata embryonic axes by vitrification technique.

The importance of loading and treatment with a vitrification solution on the survival of Citrus reticulata embryonic axes cryopreserved using vitrification technique (Derudde et al., 1990) were investigated in this paper. Loading treatment was carried out for 20 min. at 25 0C before chemical dehydration with 100 per cent PVS2 for 20 min. After treatment with PVS2 rapid immersion in liquid nitrogen, rapid rewarming, unloading in a 1.2 M sucrose solution for 20 min. Then the culture on solid medium with 0.3 M sucrose for 1 day and growth recovery for 4 weeks on standard medium, survival of C. reticulata embryonic axes reached 60 per cent following the process.
ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURED OILS AND PALM FAT

Oleogels are structured liquid oils with applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Structured oils may become alternatives to the commonly used solid fats, such as palm fat or hydrogenated fats. Properties of oleogels are primarily dependent on the structuring agent applied. This paper was intended as an examination of structuring properties and oleogel oil binding capacities of various monomer ingredients (plant and beeswaxes, monoacylglycerol) and comparison of the oleogels produced with palm fat. An oleogel produced with candelilla wax (CLX) exhibited a structure most similar to that of palm fat. These products showed statistically significant differences of colour from palm fat. In addition, textures of the oleogels differed from one another and from palm fat. Oleogel containing rice bran wax (RBX) had the most similar viscosity properties. Oleogels including candelilla wax and yellow bees wax displayed best oil binding structures (assayed by centrifugal and LumiSizer methods). When filtered (at 40°C), on the other hand, minimum oil loss after 24h was demonstrated by the oleogels containing CLX and RBX, possible evidence that these structure-forming substances roduce oleogels that could be used in products exposed to more elevated temperatures. Oleogels may become alternatives to the commonly used solid fats. Thanks to the use of oil structuring agent at the level of 3% liquid oil becomes solid. Using these innovative fat products can stabilize oil in the product, and also it can improve the nutritional value of food products by replacing a popular palm fat rich in saturated fatty acids, which exert an adverse influence on humans’ cardiovascular system, by oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids.
Two new species of Eucephalobus Steiner, 1936 and one new species of Pseudacrobeles Steiner, 1938 (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) with mucronate tail

Two new species of Eucephalobus and one new species of Pseudacrobeles (Pseudacrobeles) are described from studies by light and scanning electron microscope. Eucephalobus iaculocaudatus sp. n. was collected from decaying tree bark in Puntarenas, Costa Rica. It is characterized by a body length of 424-516 μm in females and 371-407 μm in males, pharyngeal corpus 2.6-3.5 times isthmus length, spermatheca 28-52 μm long, postvulval uterine sac 10-16 μm long, and tail terminus in both sexes bearing a ragged, 2.0-3.5 μm long, mucro having a harpoon-shaped appearance. Eucephalobus asteromucronatus sp. n. was found in grassland soil in Santa Rosa Ecological Reserve, California. It is characterized by a body length of 579-676 μm in females and 573-597 μm in males, pharyngeal corpus 3.0-3.6 times isthmus length, spermatheca 24-40 μm long, postvulval uterine sac 24-32 μm long, tail terminus broadly rounded with a short star-shaped mucro in females and with a ragged, 2.0 μm long, mucro having a brush-like appearance in males. Pseudacrobeles (P.) maungatautariensis sp. n. was found associated with epiphyte vegetation in Maungatautari Reserve, New Zealand. It is characterized by a body length of 585-768 μm in females and 551-613 μm in males, pharyngeal corpus 4.1-5.8 times isthmus length, spermatheca 32-63 μm long, postvulval uterine sac 41-67 μm long, and tail terminus with a ragged, 3.0 μm long, mucro in females and with a ragged, sharply pointed, 4.0-5.0 μm long mucro in males
Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the expression of K+/Cs+ transporters on the accumulation of caesium by plants

Radiocaesium (134Cs, 137Cs) is of environmental concern because of its incorporation into the food chain and prolonged emission of harmful radiation. Plants take up caesium via cation transporters which cannot discriminate between radioactive and stable caesium (133Cs). Around 80% of angiosperms live in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that deliver mineral nutrients to their hosts. Contrasting effects of AM fungi on caesium accumulation by plants have been reported. The ultimate aim of this thesis was to determine whether AM fungi reduced caesium accumulation in Medicago truncatula by down regulating the expression of plant genes encoding specific potassium transporters through improving potassium nutrition of their hosts. Accumulation of potassium and stable caesium by non mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal Medicago truncatula was studied, and the effects of caesium and AM fungi on plant gene expression were investigated. In these experiments, shoot potassium concentrations of non mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants were identical. However, in some experiments AM associations decreased shoot caesium concentrations. These observations were also true for five other plant species studied. Colonisation of Medicago truncatula with Glomus sp. influenced expression of some genes encoding cation transport proteins, but the expression profile did not suggest improved potassium nutrition. The presence of caesium also affected the expression of several putative cation transporters, but the consequences of these changes are unknown. A reduced colonisation rate of Medicago truncatula by Glomus intraradices was observed at caesium concentrations that exist in the rhizosphere. In conclusion, in these experiments, AM fungi did not improve plant potassium nutrition, and there was no evidence that AM fungi reduced caesium accumulation by down regulating expression of plant genes encoding potassium transporters. Although colonisation by AM fungi can reduce shoot caesium concentrations, this was not always observed. Thus, fungal inoculation cannot be relied upon to deliver crops with reduced radiocaesium concentrations.
Anti-Allergic Activities of Ultra-fine Powder from Persimmon

Ultra-fine powder (FA) extracts from persimmon were investigated as potential food materials in industrial processes because such extracts have various useful biological activities. We examined the antioxidant and anti-allergic activity of FA extracts using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) models, and by measuring interleukin 4 (IL-4) expression in spleen cells and in an atopy animal model. FA extracts were prepared using solvents including distilled water and 50% (v/v) acetone. The results showed that FA extracts had potent DPPH and FRAP activities, decreased IL-4 expression in spleen cells, and inhibited ear thickness and inflammation in a mouse animal model. The data indicate that a FA extract could be used as an antioxidant and/or anti-inflammation agent, and in industrial food preparation processes.
Avian, inter-pandemic, and pandemic influenza in Vietnam

The burden and behaviour of influenza in Southeast Asia is poorly characterised, leading to uncertainty about the importance of influenza as a local health problem and the role of Southeast Asia in the global epidemiology of influenza. Prospective community-based studies have provided fundamental insights into the epidemiology of influenza in temperate regions; therefore a household-based cohort study was established with the aim of determining the intensity and characteristics of influenza transmission in a semi-rural tropical setting. The primary results of the cohort study are presented, along with the results of a survey of social contact patterns in the cohort and a mathematical model of the spread of pandemic influenza A/H1N1/2009 in Vietnam that utilises data from the cohort. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 remains endemic in poultry in parts of Southeast Asia and continues to infect humans. Marked familial clustering of human H5N1 cases has led to speculation that susceptibility to H5N1 infection may have a host genetic component. The epidemiological data that led to the hypothesis of genetic susceptibility to H5N1 is summarised, whilst the evidence for a role of host genetics in susceptibility to influenza in general is systematically reviewed. A genome-wide case-control genetic association study was conducted in Vietnam and Thailand to test the hypothesis of genetic susceptibility to H5N1 infection, and the results are presented. This work provides new data and understanding of the patterns and determinants of inter-pandemic, pandemic, and avian influenza epidemiology. The cohort study has added to the body of knowledge that is accruing on the burden and epidemiology of influenza in the tropics by providing community level data that were previously absent. The genetics study has provided the first direct evidence of genetic loci associated with susceptibility to H5N1 and opens new avenues of research to test these findings and their relevance to the pathogenesis of H5N1 and other types of influenza.
Rhaphidophora decursiva leaves: phenolic content and antioxidant activity

Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of Rhaphidophora decursiva (Roxb.) Schott leaves extracted with methanol and water were studied. The TPC was assessed using Folin-Ciocalteu method. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity was estimated using β-carotene bleaching, 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was used to compare its AA with the other extracts. It was found that the total AA of methanol extracts was higher than that of BHT. Significant differences were found in the scavenging activity, EC50 value and TPC between the water and methanol extracts. No significant relationship (p>0.05) between TPC and AA as measured by β-carotene bleaching and DPPH radical scavenging methods for both water and methanol extracts. However, TPC and AA as measured by FRAP assay did show a significant relationship at p<0.01 level. This study showed that the methanol extracts of the plant possess both higher TPC and AA compared to that of water extracts, and this was supported by the consistent results showed by all antioxidant activity assays. The antioxidant properties of the plant may have originated not only from phenolic but also from the non-phenolic compounds which possess high antioxidant activity.
Effect of Feeding Different Levels of Rice Bran on Performance of Broilers

Two hundred, day old commercial broiler chicks, divided into 20 groups of 10 each, randomly alloted to tour dietary treatments (5 groups/treatment), were reared on deep litter for 6 weeks. Birds in control group were fed standard ration containing rice bran (RB). However, 10, 15 and 20 percent raw rice bran was included replacing maize in the rations as RB 10, RB IS and RB 20, respectively, Inclusion of rice bran upto 15 percent showed no adverse effect on body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR); however, at 20 percent level of inclusion body weight gain was less (P<0.01) with no change in feed consumption resulting in wider (P<0.01) FCR in RB 20. Carcass traits did not vary significantly among the groups. It was concluded that raw rice bran could be included upto 15 percent in broiler ration.