Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Air quality and climate change, Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia Phase III (MICS-Asia III) – Part 2: aerosol radiative effects and aerosol feedbacks

Abstract. Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) Phase III examines how online coupled air quality models perform in simulating wintertime haze events in the North China Plain region and evaluates the importance of aerosol radiative feedbacks. This paper discusses the estimates of aerosol radiative forcing, aerosol feedbacks, and possible causes for the differences among the participating models. Over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region, the ensemble mean of estimated aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) at the top of atmosphere, inside the atmosphere, and at the surface are −1.1 , 7.7, and −8.8 W m −2 during January 2010, respectively. Subdivisions of direct and indirect aerosol radiative forcing confirm the dominant role of direct forcing. During severe haze days (17–19 January 2010), the averaged reduction in near-surface temperature for the BTH region can reach 0.3–1.6 ∘ C. The responses of wind speeds at 10 m (WS10) inferred from different models show consistent declines in eastern China. For the BTH region, aerosol–radiation feedback-induced daytime changes in PM 2.5 concentrations during severe haze days range from 6.0 to 12.9 µ g m −3 ( %). Sensitivity simulations indicate the important effect of aerosol mixing states on the estimates of ADRF and aerosol feedbacks. Besides, black carbon (BC) exhibits a large contribution to atmospheric heating and feedbacks although it accounts for a small share of mass concentration of PM 2.5 .
The geographical diversification in varanid lizards: the role of mainland versus island in driving species evolution

Abstract Monitor lizards (Varanidae) inhabit both the mainland and islands of all geological types and have diversified into an exceptionally wide range of body sizes, thus providing an ideal model for examining the role of mainland versus island in driving species evolution. Here we use phylogenetic comparative methods to examine whether a link exists between body size-driven diversification and body size-frequency distributions in varanid lizards and to test the hypothesis that island lizards differ from mainland species in evolutionary processes, body size, and life-history traits (offspring number and size). We predict that: 1) since body size drives rapid diversification in groups, a link exists between body size-driven diversification and body size-frequency distributions; 2) because of various environments on island, island species will have higher speciation, extinction, and dispersal rates, compared with mainland species; 3) as a response to stronger intraspecific competition, island species will maximize individual ability associated with body size to outcompete closely-related species, and island species will produce smaller clutches of larger eggs to increase offspring quality. Our results confirm that the joint effect of differential macroevolutionary rates shapes the species richness pattern of varanid lizards. There is a link between body size-driven diversification and body size-frequency distributions, and the speciation rate is maximized at medium body sizes. Island species will have higher speciation, equal extinction, and higher dispersal rates compared with mainland species. Smaller clutch size and larger hatchling in the island than in mainland species indicate that offspring quality is more valuable than offspring quantity for island varanids.
Utilisation of outpatient healthcare services among elderly people with Hypertension in Ghana

Background: Aging population has become one of the most pressing demographic phe-nomena in the world. The situation presents challenges to the health sector due to the higher number of chronic diseases (e.g., hypertension) that the situation presents. One of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is hypertension, and its management may reduce such risk. Therefore, this study examines the factors affecting outpatient healthcare utilization among the elderly for the management of hypertension. Methods: Using data from the 2007/2008 Global Aging and Adult Health (SAGE) study on Ghana, this study investigated the determinants of outpatient healthcare utilization among 332 elderly persons with hypertension in Ghana. Chi-square test of association and logistic regression model were used to examine the effect of socio-economic factors on outpatient healthcare use. Results: The analysis was conducted on 332 elderly persons suffering from hypertension in Ghana. Out of this number, 78.61% utilized outpatient healthcare services in the 12 months prior to the SAGE Ghana Wave 1 survey. Patients with health insurance constituted 51.51% of the sample; and this was a significant determinant of healthcare use. There was a statistically significant positive association between patients’ age and use of outpatient healthcare services. Outpatient healthcare utilization increased for persons in the 70–79 age group and below. After this, outpatient healthcare use declined. Education, household wealth, location, and sex of the patient did not have any significant effect on outpatient healthcare service utilization. Conclusion: The level of outpatient healthcare use was higher among elderly patients. Membership of health insurance plan is a major factor affecting the use of outpatient healthcare services in managing hypertension among the elderly. Factors such as education, household wealth, location, and sex did not have any significant influence on outpatient healthcare consumption patterns for elderly hypertensive patients.
Psychiatric morbidities in patients of carcinoma cervix

1Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2Ex-Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, 3Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, 4Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, 5Ex-Senior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, 6Assistant Professor in Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Fiji, 7Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Prior expectations evoke stimulus templates in the deep layers of V1

The way we perceive the world is strongly influenced by our expectations. In line with this, much recent research has revealed that prior expectations strongly modulate sensory processing. However, the neural circuitry through which the brain integrates external sensory inputs with internal expectation signals remains unknown. In order to understand the computational architecture of the cortex, we need to investigate the way these signals flow through the cortical layers. This is crucial because the different cortical layers have distinct intra- and interregional connectivity patterns, and therefore determining which layers are involved in a cortical computation can inform us on the sources and targets of these signals. Here, we used ultra-high field (7T) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to reveal that prior expectations evoke stimulus templates selectively in the deep layers of the primary visual cortex. These results shed light on the neural circuit underlying perceptual inference.
Effects of Surface Heterogeneity Due to Drip Irrigation on Scintillometer Estimates of Sensible, Latent Heat Fluxes and Evapotranspiration over Vineyards

Accurate estimates of sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes and actual evapotranspiration (ET) are required for monitoring vegetation growth and improved agricultural water management. A large aperture scintillometer (LAS) was used to provide these estimates with the objective of quantifying the effects of surface heterogeneity due to soil moisture and vegetation growth variability. The study was conducted over drip-irrigated vineyards located in a semi-arid region in Albacete, Spain during summer 2007. Surface heterogeneity was characterized by integrating eddy covariance (EC) observations of H, LE and ET; land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from Landsat and MODIS sensors; LST from an infrared thermometer (IRT); a data fusion model; and a two-source surface energy balance model. The EC observations showed 16% lack of closure during unstable atmospheric conditions and was corrected using the residual method. The comparison between the LAS and EC measurements of H, LE, and ET showed root mean square difference (RMSD) of 25 W m−2, 19 W m−2, and 0.41 mm day−1, respectively. LAS overestimated H and underestimated both LE and ET by 24 W m−2, 34 W m−2, and 0.36 mm day−1, respectively. The effects of soil moisture on LAS measurement of H was evaluated using the Bowen ratio, β. Discrepancies between HLAS and HEC were higher at β ≤ 0.5 but improved at 1 ≥ β > 0.5 and β > 1.0 with R2 of 0.76, 0.78, and 0.82, respectively. Variable vineyard growth affected LAS performance as its footprints saw lower NDVILAS compared to that of the EC (NDVIEC) by ~0.022. Surface heterogeneity increased during wetter periods, as characterized by the LST–NDVI space and temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI). As TVDI increased (decreased) during drier (wetter) conditions, the discrepancies between HLAS and HEC, as well as LELAS and LEEC Re decreased (increased). Thresholds of TVDI of 0.3, 0.25, and 0.5 were identified, above which better agreements between LAS and EC estimates of H, LE, and ET, respectively, were obtained. These findings highlight the effectiveness and ability of LAS in monitoring vegetation growth over heterogonous areas with variable soil moisture, its potential use in supporting irrigation scheduling and agricultural water management over large regions.
Healthcare workers mobilising cultural health capital to assist socially marginalised patients

ABSTRACT Research on cultural capital mobilised in healthcare largely focuses on how patients of low-socioeconomic status or ethnic minority groups struggle in the healthcare field. This study examines how providers, care coordinators, and administrators use their own cultural capital resources to bolster equity in health services, and explores the limitations of such efforts. Thirty-five hours of interviews with Hispanic and non-Hispanic White personnel at U.S. community health centres are used to explore how individuals on the ‘supply-side’ of healthcare may exhibit flexible expectations of patient cultural capital. Participants acknowledge how factors such as immigration status and family roles affect patient ability to exhibit traditionally high-value cultural capital in clinical interactions. Yet, providers’ flexible expectations and cultural knowledge alone cannot deliver comprehensive care to indigent patients of colour. Persistent systemic barriers like high costs and limited public programs require healthcare workers to navigate care outside of interactions with patients. Participants describe the precarious process of drawing favours from professional social networks to coordinate access for patients facing multiple forms of social marginalisation. While acknowledging the importance of cross-cultural skills, this research explains processes impeding professional cultural training interventions in their ability to correct health service inequities on a broad scale.
Overexpression of Sedoheptulose-1,7-Bisphosphatase Enhances Photosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Has No Effect on the Abundance of Other Calvin-Benson Cycle Enzymes

The productivity of plants and microalgae needs to be increased to feed the growing world population and to promote the development of a low-carbon economy. This goal can be achieved by improving photosynthesis via genetic engineering. In this study, we have employed the Modular Cloning strategy to overexpress the Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7 bisphosphatase (SBP1) up to 3-fold in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The protein derived from the nuclear transgene represented ∼0.3% of total cell protein. Photosynthetic rate and growth were significantly increased in SBP1-overexpressing lines under high-light and high-CO2 conditions. Absolute quantification of the abundance of all other CBC enzymes by the QconCAT approach revealed no consistent differences between SBP1-overexpressing lines and the recipient strain. This analysis also revealed that the eleven CBC enzymes represent 11.9% of total cell protein in Chlamydomonas. Here the range of concentrations of CBC enzymes turned out to be much larger than estimated earlier, with a 128-fold difference between the most abundant CBC protein (rbcL) and the least abundant (triose phosphate isomerase). Accordingly, the concentrations of the CBC intermediates are often but not always higher than the binding site concentrations of the enzymes for which they act as substrates. The enzymes with highest substrate to binding site ratios might represent good candidates for overexpression in subsequent engineering steps.
An Energy Efficient Sleep Scheduling Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network

Power saving is an important issue in WSN. In WSN most of the devices operate on the batteries in order to save energy. For minimizing the power usage, the nodes get switching to sleep mode. So, the main objective of this work is to design an improved algorithm for sleep scheduling in WSN. Sleep scheduling algorithm is used to maintain network connectivity. As sensor nodes are mostly battery operated for event monitoring are expected to work for a long time without recharging their batteries also it is undesirable or impossible to recharge or replace the battery power of all the sensors. It will provide the concept of adaptive duty cycle and also provides optimization of energy. In this, it will formulate the routing problem as shortest path problem. Therefore the new trend towards energy efficient is sleep scheduling design which extend network lifetime without sacrificing network reliability.The proposed mechanism will be implemented with MATLAB.
DOES HEURISTIC BEHAVIOR LEAVE ANOMALIES IN THE CAPITAL MARKET?

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to examine the role of heuristic behavior toward the formation of fundamental and technical anomalies in the capital market. This study also aims to examine the role of fundamental and technical anomalies on investment performance. Background Problems: Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is not always able to explain all of the events or phenomena so that it still raises questions and produces research results that do not meet expectations, so in the end these phenomena are categorized as market anomalies. This study investigates whether heuristics have an effect on fundamental and technical anomalies and whether the anomalies have an effect on investment performance. Novelty: There is no research that uses hindsight variables incorporated into heuristics; therefore, this study confirms that the indicators used for hindsight measurements are appropriate for measuring what will be measured. Previous research did not involve hindsight in the heuristic category. Research Methods: Data management are done by using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with the help of the WarpPLS analysis tool. Mediation exploration testing was accomplished with variance accounted for (VAF). Findings/Results: The results of the study show that heuristics (availability, representativeness, and hindsight) are proven to be one of the factors that cause fundamental and technical anomalies in the capital market, except for availability heuristics. Conclusion: A large number of anomalies in the capital market do not stop investors from continuing to invest, so that at a certain level, investors are satisfied with their investments’ performance because they use heuristics in an efficient way.
Does Index Arbitrage Distort the Market Reaction to Shocks?

We show that ETF arbitrage distorts the market reaction to fundamental shocks. We confirm this hypothesis by creating a new measure of the intensity of arbitrage transactions at the individual stock level and using an event study analysis to estimate the market reaction to economic shocks. Our measure of the intensity of arbitrage is the probability of simultaneous trading of ETF shares with shares of underlying stocks estimated using high frequency data. Our approach is direct, and it accounts for statistical arbitrage, passive investment strategies, and netting of arbitrage positions over the day, which the existing measures cannot do. We conduct several empirical tests, including the use of a quasi-natural experiment, to confirm that our measure captures uctuations in the intensity of arbitrage transactions. We focus on oil shocks because they contain a large idiosyncratic component which facilitates identication of our mechanism and interpretation of the results. Oil shocks are identified using weekly oil inventory announcements.
Análisis de la expresión de PLK1 como factor pronóstico y predictor de respuesta a tratamiento quimioterápico en carcinoma colo-rectal metastásico

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonineprotein kinase expressed during mitosis and overexpressed in multiple human cancers, including leukemia and also many solid tumors. PLK1 knockdown has been shown to block proliferation of leukemic cell lines and the clonogenic potential of tumor cells grown from patients with cancer. PLK1 inhibition is a promising strategy for the treatment of some tumors. We aim to analyze expression of PLK1 in metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Retrospective analysis of colorectal carcinomas with hepatic metastasis during follow-up receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), based on oxaliplatin. Immunohistochemistry for PLK-1 in paraffin-embedded tissue from the primary and also from the metastasis. 50 patients. 32 % showed good histopathological response. 43 % of the primaries were positive for PLK1, as opposed to 23.5 % of the metastasis. Expression of PLK1 was significantly reduced in metastasis compared with the primaries (p = 0.05), what could be due to therapy or to a phenotypic change of the metastatic nodule. Analysis of the prognostic influence of PLK1 expression showed significant association between PLK1 expression in metastasis and lower overall survival (p = 0.000). We have also found a significant association between PLK1 expression and histopathological response (p = 0.02). All the tumors with high expression of PLK1 showed minor response (11/11). This study shows the association between survival and poor histopathological response to therapy and high expression of PLK1 in metastasis. Our results could open a new therapeutic approach through the inhibition of PLK1.
A Conceptual Framework Development of the Social Media Learning for Undergraduate Students of University of Sindh

The main idea of this research is to develop the conceptual framework for the learning use of social network tools among undergraduate students of Sindh university. The development of the framework is based on different factors that are adopted from previous tested research theories. The impact of conceptual model is basically examining the Student’s perceptions, EOU, Self-efficacy & their interaction towards Social media tools. Based on the previous studies and tested theories in the field of MIS/IS a conceptual model of social media as active learning strategy has been developed. To test & validate the Framework empirically the positivist research approach has been used to quantitatively analyze the data. As firstly, the framework has been developed through various investigation in the field of literature and then it became finalized by the experts. The initial step to start with various previous research theories with the help of literature review process, by investigating the use of different theories the technology acceptance model has established to determine the Student’s perceptions, ease of use, Self-efficacy and their participation in social network sites, in this phenomena the questionnaire developed to test the framework. Further the data were statistically analyzed by means and St. Deviations to test the pilot results.
Antiinflamatory and antidepressive activities of Extract Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic Lupus Erythemathosus is an autoimmune, inflammatory, chronic disorder characterized by multiorgan system involvement. Depression and anxiety are frequent complaints among patients with lupus erythematosus, so antidepressive treatment should be an important element of the therapy of patients with lupus erythematosus. Research into curcumin’s potential as a treatment for depression is still in its infancy, although several potential antidepressant mechanisms of action have been identified. 4-weeks double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 14 SLE patients (10 as treatment group and 4 as control group) The BDI ( Beck Depression Inventory) score was calculated and TNF α concentration was measured in the serum subjects before and after treatment. Correlation between TNF α concentration and BDI was assessed . After 4 weeks treatment, the TNF α concentration from subjects in treatment group were significantly lower than before ( p <0.001) but the BDI score were not significantly lower than before (p = 0.059). The TNF α concentration and BDI score showed positive correlation, p = 0,024 . T his study demonstrate that Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb extract can decrease serum TNF α concentration and reduce clinically symptoms of depression in SLE patients
Therapeutic and Biochemical Effects of Zinc Sulfate in Acute Diarrhea among Young Children

Background Zinc deficiency is prevalent in children in developing countries. Supplemental zinc provides therapeutic benefits in diarrhea. Objectives: To evaluate the role of zinc supplementation in the recovery of hospitalized children on intravenous fluid for acute diarrhea. Patients & Methods: A randomized control trial of 116 cases who were admitted to Karbala teaching hospital for children from October 2007 toAugust 2008 were enrolled in our study, the children aged 3 to 60 months old were divided into 2 groups, zinc group (57 cases) who received zinc for 14 days and control group (51 cases) who did not receive zinc. Zinc was given according to WHO guideline, 10 mg daily for infants up to 6 months of age, and 20 mg daily for older infants and children. General stool examination, serum k+, Na+, blood urea, and serum alkaline phosphates were done for all patients. Results: Our study showed improvement in 16 patients (28.07% )of cases versus 5 (9.8%)in the control group ( p value of 0.013) within the1 st three days of treatment with zinc and52 patients (91.23% )versus 36 (70. 58% ) [ p value 0.017] 6 days after the treatment . Conclusions: Zinc supplementation reduces the severity and duration of acute diarrhea in hospitalized children on intravenous fluid. Abbreviations: IVF: intravenous fluid; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ORS: oral rehydration solution.