Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The True Dislocation Incidence following Elective Total Hip Replacement in Sweden: How Does It Relate to the Revision Rate?

(1) Background: The true dislocation incidence following THA is difficult to ascertain in population-based cohorts. In this study, we explored the cumulative dislocation incidence (CDI), the relationship between the incidence of dislocation and revision surgery, patient- and surgery-related factors in patients dislocating once or multiple times, and differences between patients being revised for dislocation or not. (2) Methods: We designed an observational longitudinal cohort study linking registers. All patients with a full dataset who underwent an elective unilateral THA between 1999 and 2014 were included. The CDI and the time from the index THA to the first dislocation or to revision were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier (KM) method, giving cumulative dislocation and revision incidences at different time points. (3) Results: 136,810 patients undergoing elective unilateral THA were available for the analysis. The 30-day CDI was estimated at 0.9% (0.9–1.0). The revision rate for dislocation throughout the study period remained much lower. A total of 51.2% (CI 49.6–52.8) suffered a further dislocation within 1 year. Only 10.9% of the patients with a dislocation within the first year postoperatively underwent a revision for dislocation. (4) Discussion: The CDI after elective THA was expectedly considerably higher than the revision incidence. Further studies investigating differences between single and multiple dislocators and the criteria by which patients are offered revision surgery following dislocation are urgently needed.
Geometry and Kinematic Evolution of the Hotan-Tiklik Segment of the Western Kunlun Thrust Belt: Constrained by Structural Analyses and Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology

The western Kunlun thrust belt defines the boundary between the stable Tarim Basin in the north and the intensely deformed Cenozoic Tibetan Plateau in the south. Because of its important tectonic position, understanding its tectonic evolution should have important implications for propagation of deformation from Tibet to its neighboring cratonal regions during India-Eurasia convergence. We here present new structural analyses based on field investigations and seismic reflection profiles across the Hotan-Tiklik segment of the western Kunlun thrust belt. The results indicate that the structural section crosses two major thrust zones: the Tiklik zone in the hinterland to the south and the Hotan zone in the foreland to the north. Within these, the Hotan thrust zone is thin skinned, with its deformation characterized by fault-bend folding and fault slipping along detachment layers, whereas the Tiklik thrust zone involves basement, with its deformation driven by the currently steeply dipping Tiklik fault. Results from apatite fission track thermochronology in combination with growth strata and balanced cross section indicate that the Hotan-Tiklik segment underwent two-stage deformation: (1) development of the Tiklik thrust during the late Oligocene–early Miocene and again since the mid- to late Miocene and (2) activity of the Hotan thrust since the mid- to late Miocene as a result of basinward propagation of thrusting. The balanced cross section, combined with the apatite fission track results, suggests that the Hotan-Tiklik segment contributes a total shortening magnitude of more than ca. 34 ± 6 km. Within this, ca. 4 ± 2 and ca. 23 ± 1 km of the shortenings were absorbed by the Hotan anticline and the Hotan detachment fault, respectively, both of which were related to detachment layers. This suggests that detachment layers played an efficient role in propagating deformation from the western Tibetan Plateau into the Tarim Basin.
Nonlinear Levitation-Guidance Coupling Force Prediction for HTS Pinning Maglev Under Arbitrary Motion Based on Gated Recurrent Unit

By the merits of self-stability, low energy consumption, and no-mechanical friction, high temperature superconducting (HTS) pinning magnetic levitation (maglev) occupies a key position in high-speed rail transit. As the guarantee to achieve its stable operation, the accurate description of nonlinear levitation-guidance coupling force for HTS pinning maglev is the most crucial. However, existing dynamic studies always adopted hyperelastic model to illustrate coupling forces, simplified the vertical-lateral coupling effect and constrained the moving range of HTS bulk to a regularly hysteresis cyclic motion. This simplification makes the original expression inaccurate under practical operation, namely, the random motion under track irregularity excitation. Hence, based on the factors affecting HTS pinning maglev forces under random motion, 12 basic motions (BMs) are extracted from either complicated arbitrary trajectory. All of collected forces information for 12 BMs are inputted into Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) as training data. Then, data from two totally different random trajectories produced by random walking model and K-means clustering method are used to test GRU's performance. The relevant results verified the superiority of this GRU-based coupling forces model, with faster learning time 900 s and higher accuracy 0.877 $R^{2}$. This article realizes the accurate depict for the coupling-forces under HTS maglev random motion, which is anticipated to provide a reference for the future engineering research.
Weakened interannual variability of the contrast in rainfall between the eastern equatorial Pacific and equatorial Atlantic since 2000

Abstract Recent studies suggest that the interannual variability in the tropical Pacific associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation has weakened since 2000. In this study, the authors report that the interannual variability of the contrast in rainfall between the eastern equatorial Pacific and equatorial Atlantic has also weakened remarkably since 2000, attributable to the weakened interannual variability in the zonal sea surface temperature gradient between the eastern equatorial Pacific and equatorial Atlantic and in the associated equatorial low-level zonal wind across South America linking the two ocean basins. Diagnosis of a column-integrated moisture budget indicates that the weakening in the interannual variability of the contrast in rainfall is primarily attributable to the changes in moisture convergence associated with vertical motion. The results highlight the clear weakened interannual variability in the coupled equatorial Pacific–Atlantic climate system since 2000, including the Pacific El Niño, Atlantic Niño, equatorial zonal wind across South America, and rainfall over the eastern equatorial Pacific and equatorial Atlantic.
Design of Digital Museum System based on AR and ORB Optimization Algorithm

Aiming at the problems of high cost and narrow popularization of existing augmented reality technology, which is not suitable for most museum exhibitions, the study introduces the feature point detection idea of binary robust invariant scalable key point algorithm to improve the matching recognition algorithm based on natural features of images. The study found that the matching time of the improved matching recognition algorithm is below 1s and the matching accuracy rate is above 90%. The augmented reality system based on the improved matching recognition algorithm can successfully recognize the exhibits with the recognition distance less than 80cm and the recognition characteristics blocked by 50%, and can efficiently establish the corresponding three-dimensional model of the exhibits in the digital museum. To sum up, the improved matching recognition algorithm proposed in this paper is robust and has certain application value in the exhibition of digital museum exhibits.
Cemented Horizons and Hardpans in the Coastal Tablelands of Northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT: Horizons with varying degrees of cementation are a common feature of the soils from the coastal tablelands of Northeastern Brazil. In most cases, these horizons are represented by the following subsurface horizons: fragipan, duripan, ortstein, and placic. The aims of this study were to analyze differences regarding the development and the degree of expression of cementation in soils from the coastal tablelands of Northeastern Brazil: Planossolo Haplico (p-SX), Espodossolo Humiluvico (p-EK), Espodossolo Ferrihumiluvico (p-ESK), and Argissolo Acinzentado (p-PAC) pedons. The pedons studied displayed features related to drainage impediments. The cemented horizons from p-SX and p-EK had the same designation (Btgm), displaying a duric character that coincided with gleization features and are under podzolized horizons. In the p-ESK, the podzolization process is of such magnitude that it leads to the cementation of its own spodic horizons, which were both of the ortstein type (Bhsx and Bsm). In the p-PAC cementation is observed in two placic horizons and in the Btx/Bt horizon, as well as in the upper parts of the Bt/Btx horizon. Analysis of the micrographies from the cemented horizons showed predominance of a low porosity matrix. Such porosity is relatively greater in the horizons of “x” subscript than in the horizons with duric character. The Fe segregation lines were notable in the cemented horizons from p-EK and p-PAC, which corroborates the presence of placic horizons in such pedons. The preponderance of kaolinite in the clay fraction was widely verified in all the cemented horizons analyzed. Water immersion tests were the criteria adopted to define the duric character of the Btgm horizons from p-SX and p-EK, and in the Bsm horizon from the p-ESK. These tests were also used to confirm field morphology. In most cases, the maximum values of Fe, Al, and Si, determined by different extractions, occurred in positions overlaying the cemented horizons, whether they were spodic or not. The extracts of the aqueous solution displayed a noticeable accumulation of Si in the cemented horizons, except in the p-PAC. The presence of argillans in all cemented horizons allows them to be defined as illuvial, with the exception of the placic horizons, regardless of the presence of podzolization processes. The cemented horizons were preponderantly apedal, with a matrix of little porosity. The Fe, Al, and Si contents extracted by acid ammonium oxalate were effective at highlighting the influence of compounds with a low degree of crystallinity in the morphology of cemented horizons.
Identification of Science Misconceptions Using Two-Tier Multiple Choice for Elementary School Grade IV Students

This study aims to identify the level of science misconceptions about plant parts and their function in fourth-grade students of Batumarta Public Elementary School. This study uses descriptive research with the quantitative method. The research was conducted at Batumarta Public Elementary School. The sampling using a saturated sampling technique. The sample of this study consisted of 28 students. The data collection instrument used two-tier multiple-choice questions that had previously been tested for construct validation with biologists, other lecturers, or supervisors. The data analysis technique uses data grouping and data interpretation. This misconception will be identified using a diagnostic test with a research instrument in the form of two-tier multiple-choice questions. Based on the results of the study, it was found that students who experienced misconceptions in the material of plant parts and their functions in the category of knowing concepts as much as 16.42%, students in the category of pure misconceptions as much as 18.03%, student category of misconceptions guessing as much as 15.88%, and students in the category of not understanding as much as 49.63%. the conclusion was that the students of Batumarta Public Elementary School experienced misconceptions in the very low category, namely as much as 18.03%.
Comparative Evaluation of Recombinant and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in a Murine Model

Since the 2000s, sporadic outbreaks of whooping cough have been reported in advanced countries, where the acellular pertussis vaccination rate is relatively high, and in developing countries. Small-scale whooping cough has also continued in many countries, due in part to the waning of immune protection after childhood vaccination, necessitating the development of an improved pertussis vaccine and vaccination program. Currently, two different production platforms are being actively pursued in Korea; one is based on the aP (acellular pertussis) vaccine purified from B. pertussis containing pertussis toxoid (PT), filamentous hemagglutin (FHA) and pertactin (PRN), and the other is based on the recombinant aP (raP), containing genetically detoxified pertussis toxin ADP-ribosyltransferase subunit 1 (PtxS1), FHA, and PRN domain, expressed and purified from recombinant E. coli. aP components were further combined with diphtheria and tetanus vaccine components as a prototype DTaP vaccine by GC Pharma (GC DTaP vaccine). We evaluated and compared the immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of aP and raP vaccines in an experimental murine challenge model: humoral immunity in serum, IgA secretion in nasal lavage, bacterial clearance after challenge, PTx (pertussis toxin) CHO cell neutralization titer, cytokine secretion in spleen single cell, and tissue resident memory CD4+ T cell (CD4+ TRM cell) in lung tissues. In humoral immunogenicity, GC DTaP vaccines showed high titers for PT and PRN and showed similar patterns in nasal lavage and IL-5 cytokine secretions. The GC DTaP vaccine and the control vaccine showed equivalent results in bacterial clearance after challenge, PTx CHO cell neutralization assay, and CD4+ TRM cell. In contrast, the recombinant raP vaccine exhibited strong antibody responses for FHA and PRN, albeit with low antibody level of PT and low titer in PTx CHO neutralization assay, as compared to control and GC DTaP vaccines. The raP vaccine provided a sterile lung bacterial clearance comparable to a commercial control vaccine after the experimental challenge in murine model. Moreover, raP exhibited a strong cytokine response and CD4+ TRM cell in lung tissue, comparable or superior to the experimental and commercial DTaP vaccinated groups. Contingent on improving the biophysical stability and humoral response to PT, the raP vaccine warrants further development as an effective alternative to aP vaccines for the control of a pertussis outbreak.
Subjective Health Status, Health-Related Behavior, and Health Literacy of Health Professional Students: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study

The importance of health promotion for health professional students is increasingly crucial, as the rising requirements for those students can have a negative impact on their health. Despite this awareness, there is still limited knowledge in Germany about the specific health needs of this group of students. This study’s aim was, therefore, to assess the subjective health of first-year students and to identify health needs. Thus, this study is based on an online survey using standardized measurement instruments. First-year students from three degree programs were included. The data were analyzed descriptively. A total of n = 98 (72.6%) participated in the survey. The results showed that a major proportion of participants (80.3%) rated their health positively, but a significant proportion reported weight disorders (24%) and pre-existing health conditions (62.1%) at baseline. Interestingly, a high proportion (59%) reported a high level of mental well-being at the time of the survey. However, worrying findings regarding lifestyle behaviors, including physical inactivity (40.6%), smoking (20%), risky alcohol use (24%), and unhealthy eating habits (37%) were determined. In terms of health literacy, around 45% of students rated their health competencies as problematic. Furthermore, it was found that students with low health literacy had a significantly higher prevalence of low mental well-being (53.3% vs. 30.8%, p = 0.036) and unhealthy eating habits (48.8% vs. 26.5%, p = 0.027) compared to students with sufficient health literacy. Health professional students should be considered a relevant target group for health and health competence promotion from the beginning of their studies. The identified fields of action should be addressed in the context of health promotion. This is of particular importance as they are not only aimed at improving the students’ well-being but also will later work directly with patients and, therefore, have a direct influence on the health of others.
Subjective well-being among PhD students in mainland China: the roles of psychological capital and academic engagement

The mental well-being of PhD students is a major concern in higher education. However, very few studies have investigated the influencing factors of PhD students’ subjective well-being (SWB) – an important indicator of mental well-being. Even no study on the influencing factors of PhD students’ SWB has been undertaken in mainland China. Based on job demands–resources theory, the present study pioneers the investigation of the relationship between PhD students’ psychological capital (PsyCap; comprising self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism) and SWB (comprising positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) in mainland China. It further examined the mediating role of academic engagement (comprising vigor, dedication, and absorption) in this relationship. PhD students (n = 376) from two comprehensive universities in Jiangsu province responded to an online survey. The results showed that (1) self-efficacy was positively associated with life satisfaction, hope was positively associated with positive affect, optimism was significantly associated with all three dimensions of SWB, but resilience was not significantly associated with any of the three SWB dimensions; and (2) dedication mediated the relationship between hope and life satisfaction and that between optimism and negative affect and life satisfaction, but vigor and absorption did not mediate any of the PsyCap–SWB relationships. Limitations and practical implications of this study are discussed.
Uncovering pathways of metal contamination with microscopic techniques and lead isotopic tracing

ABSTRACT Over several decades, there has been considerable disagreement about heavy-metal contamination in mining communities as to whether the contamination arose from natural processes such as oxidation and weathering over millennia or from mining activities. More sophisticated geochemical methods and isotopic tracing especially for lead (Pb) may or may not provide definitive answers. We suggest that relatively simple approaches using the microscopic techniques of optical microscopy complemented by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive analyses along with X-ray diffraction can provide definitive answers to the conundrum. Heavy liquid and –53 + 48 µm fractions of soil, pavement and gutter sweepings, dust depositional gauges, long-term dust accumulation, vacuum cleaner dust and ceiling dust were investigated using the above methods. The most common Pb-bearing particles consisted of Pb, Fe, Mn, Al, Si and O. The majority of grains were rounded with cavities and overgrowths, and showed evidence of transport and recrystallisation, probably deriving from post-mining activities and/or earlier geological processes. A small number of samples from ceiling dust, pavement sweepings, vacuum cleaner dust and long-term dust accumulation contained galena with a high degree of crystallinity suggesting a derivation from recent mining and ore concentration activities. High-precision Pb isotopic analyses showed that some samples with extensive oxidation and weathering had absorbed Pb from sources other than mine Pb, and these could be from gasoline, paint or weathering of the country rocks.
Deadline-Aware Cost Optimization for Spark

We present OptEx, a closed-form model of job execution on Apache Spark, a popular parallel processing engine. To the best of our knowledge, OptEx is the first work that analytically models job completion time on Spark. The model can be used to estimate the completion time of a given Spark job on a cloud, with respect to the size of the input dataset, the number of iterations, and the number of nodes comprising the underlying cluster. Experimental results demonstrate that OptEx yields a mean relative error of 6 percent in estimating the job completion time. Furthermore, the model can be applied for estimating the cost-optimal cluster composition for running a given Spark job on a cloud under a completion deadline specified in the SLO (i.e., Service Level Objective). We show experimentally that OptEx is able to correctly estimate the required cluster composition for running a given Spark job under a given SLO deadline with an accuracy of 98 percent. We also provide a tool which can classify Spark jobs into job categories based on bisimilarity analysis on lineage graphs collected from the given jobs.
Reliability of Time-Series Plasma Metabolome Data over 6 Years in a Large-Scale Cohort Study

Studies examining long-term longitudinal metabolomic data and their reliability in large-scale populations are limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the reliability of repeated measurements of plasma metabolites in a prospective cohort setting and to explore intra-individual concentration changes at three time points over a 6-year period. The study participants included 2999 individuals (1317 men and 1682 women) from the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study, who participated in all three surveys—at baseline, 3 years, and 6 years. In each survey, 94 plasma metabolites were quantified for each individual and quality control (QC) sample. The coefficients of variation of QC, intraclass correlation coefficients, and change rates of QC were calculated for each metabolite, and their reliability was classified into three categories: excellent, fair to good, and poor. Seventy-six percent (71/94) of metabolites were classified as fair to good or better. Of the 39 metabolites grouped as excellent, 29 (74%) in men and 26 (67%) in women showed significant intra-individual changes over 6 years. Overall, our study demonstrated a high degree of reliability for repeated metabolome measurements. Many highly reliable metabolites showed significant changes over the 6-year period, suggesting that repeated longitudinal metabolome measurements are useful for epidemiological studies.
Identification and Quantification of three Tubeimosides in Rhizoma Bolbostematis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection and Electrospray Mass Spectrometric Detection

Tubeimoside I, tubeimoside II and tubeimoside III were simultaneously determined and identified by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS), and a novel and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography - evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) in a 70% methanol extract of Rhizoma Bolbostematis. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Zorbax Extend C18 analytical column using gradient elution with a solution of acetonitrile and 0.5% acetic acid. The method was validated with acceptable linearities (r > 0.9992) and recoveries (98.6 to 102.4 %). The limits of detection of these three tubeimosides were as low as 0.05 μg. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the method were evaluated and were less than 3.6%. The method was successfully used to analyze 15 batches of Rhizoma Bolbostematis. The content of tubeimosides in the plant material varied from habitat to habitat confirming the necessity to control the quality of Rhizoma Bolbostematis during its preparation and application in the clinic.