Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns and impacting factors of gene evolutionary rate between wild and cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum)

Tetraploid emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum L., BBAA) is the founder progenitor of bread wheat, providing the valuable genetic resource and gene pool for wheat improvement. However, the evolutionary trajectory of tetraploid wheat, especially the evolutionary fate of different types of genes has not been well studied. In this study, the rate of non‐synonymous substitution (dN) and synonymous substitution (dS) was calculated by comparing the orthologs between the wild emmer and cultivated durum wheat at the whole genome and subgenome levels to obtain the positively selected genes (PSGs) and negatively selected genes (NSGs). Then, mutation rate, gene length, exon number, GC content, codon bias, and expression level were comprehensively investigated and compared between the PSGs and NSGs. Within both wild emmer and cultivated durum wheat, PSGs between A and B subgenome displayed shorter gene and exon lengths as well as fewer exon numbers compared with NSGs, whereas from wild emmer to cultivated durum wheat, PSGs showed longer gene length and more exon numbers. Furthermore, PSGs displayed much higher expression levels and stronger codon usage bias, but lower genetic diversity compared with NSGs. Finally, two PSGs TdER1‐6B, and TdLC7‐2A, were found to play the crucial roles in regulating grain width and plant height of tetraploid wheat, respectively. This study systematically investigated the evolutionary, structural, and functional difference between PSGs and NSGs in tetraploid wheat, which will contribute to a better understanding of the selective mode and evolutionary trajectory during wheat domestication and evolution.
Agensia Penyebab Vibriosis Pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaus vanamei) yang Dibudidayakan Secara Intensif Di Kendal

Budidaya udang vaname (Litopenaus vanamei) secara intensif telah dilakukan di kabupaten Kendal, sebagai upaya peningkatan produksi. Salah satu kendala yang sering terjadi pada budidaya udang intensif adalah serangan penyakit bakteri, termasuk pula vibriosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan udang yang terserang vibriosis secara intensif beserta gejala klinisnya. Udangvaname yang menunjukkan gejala vibriosis diperoleh dari pertambakan intensif di kabupaten Demak. Sebanyak 22 isolat bakteri (SMC 01 – SSD 10) berhasil diisolasi dari hepatopacreas udangvaname pada mediumThiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose (TCBS). Berdasarkan perfomance morphologi dari keua puluh dua isolat (bentuk, warna dan karakter koloni) dipilih 5 isolat ( SMC 01,SMC 04, SSD 01, SSD 03, dan SSD 07) untuk uji selanjutnya yaitu karakterisasi secara morfologi dan uji biokimia . Uji sensitivitas terhadap antibiotik yang beredar hanya dilakukan pada 3 isolat terpilih(SMC 01, SMC 04, dan SSD 03). Gejala klinis udang yang terserang vibriosis adalah : tubuh (carapace) memerah, melanosis pada kulit, nekrosis pada ekor, kaki renang dan kaki jalan memerah serta hepatopankreas yang memerah cenderung gelap. Hasil karakterisasi dengan pendekatan secara morfologi dan biokimia diperoleh pula bahwa bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan udangvaname (L. vanamei) dari tambak intensif kabupaten Kendal adalah Vibrio vulnificus (SMC 01), V. mimicus (SMC 04), V.damsella (SSD 01), V. parahaemolytics ( SSD 03) , V. fluvialis (SSD 07). Hasil Uji sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa ketiga isolat terpilih (SMC 01, SMC 04, dan SSD 03) tidak sensitif terhadap beberapa antibiotik. Kata kunci: vibriosis, sensitifitas, salinitas, udangvaname.
Terrestrial carbon isotope stratigraphy and mammal turnover during post-PETM hyperthermals in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA

Abstract. Paleogene hyperthermals, including the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and several other smaller events, represent global perturbations to Earth's climate system and are characterized by warmer temperatures, changes in floral and faunal communities, and hydrologic changes. These events are identified in the geologic record globally by negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs), resulting from the input of isotopically light carbon into Earth's atmosphere. Much about the causes and effects of hyperthermals remains uncertain, including whether all hyperthermals were caused by the same underlying processes, how biotic effects scale with the magnitude of hyperthermals, and why CIEs are larger in paleosol carbonates relative to marine records. Resolving these questions is crucial for a full understanding of the causes of hyperthermals and their application to future climate scenarios. The primary purpose of this study was to identify early Eocene hyperthermals in the Fifteenmile Creek area of the south-central Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA. This area preserves a sequence of fluvial floodplain sedimentary rocks containing paleosol carbonates and an extensive record of fossil mammals. Previous analysis of faunal assemblages in this area revealed two pulses of mammal turnover and changes in diversity interpreted to correlate with the ETM2 and H2 hyperthermals that follow the PETM. This was, however, based on long-distance correlation of the fossil record in this area with chemostratigraphic records from elsewhere in the basin. We present new carbon isotope stratigraphies using micrite δ13C values from paleosol carbonate nodules preserved in and between richly fossiliferous mammal localities at Fifteenmile Creek to identify the stratigraphic positions of ETM2 and H2. Carbon isotope results show that the ETM2 and H2 hyperthermals, and possibly the subsequent I1 hyperthermal, are recorded at Fifteenmile Creek. ETM2 and H2 overlap with the two previously recognized pulses of mammal turnover. The CIEs for these hyperthermals are also somewhat smaller in magnitude than in more northerly Bighorn Basin records. We suggest that basin-wide differences in soil moisture and/or vegetation could contribute to variable CIE amplitudes in this and other terrestrial records.
Analysis of High-Occupancy-Toll Lane Operation

In this thesis, we propose one approach to determine the real-time tolling strategy for high occupancy toll (HOT) lane, and calibrate driver's value of time(VOT) as well. There are two goals of operating HOT lane, one is to maximize the freeway's, and another one is to maintain the free flow speed. We use queue length to track the trac dynamics, and the point queue model is used. And with the application of a proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller, we can calculate the pricing rate for HOT lane and calibrate driver's (VOT). Simulation results and comparison with previous studies are provided.
Vote Buying During 2015 And 2019 General Elections: Manifestation and Implications on Democratic Development in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Vote-buying is a contentious issue in contemporary discourse on the sustainability of democratic development in Nigeria. This menace is gradually crippling electoral processes and undermining the efforts of the electoral umpire in conducting competitive, free, fair, and credible elections for the sustenance of democratic development in Nigeria. The study, therefore, investigates the effects of vote-buying on the sustainability of democratic development and good governance in Nigeria. It argues that vote-buying compromises the well-being of the populace by entrenching bad governance and poor service delivery. The study adopts reciprocal determinism theory to illustrate how the political environment and bad governance are stimuli to consolidating the commercialisation of Nigerian electoral processes. The study adopts the documentary method for gathering data from secondary sources and recommends institutionalisation of a strong electoral management body to enforce a stiff penalty for commercialisation of the electoral system in Nigeria.
Estimation of potential bacteriological hazards and their genetic virulence
determinants in beef meals provided to intensive care patients

Meat is a good source of protein which makes it a good substrate for microbial growth. In this study, the prevalence, antibiogram and virulence genes of some foodborne pathogens from hospital beef meals provided to intensive care patients were evaluated. Therefore, a total of 60 beef meat samples (30 raws and 30 cooked samples) were randomly collected from different hospital kitchens in Ismailia province, Egypt. Samples were subjected to bacteriological evaluation for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella. The obtained results revealed that S. aureus, E. coli and Salmonella were isolated by a prevalence of 38.3% (23/60), 16.6% (10/60), and 8.3% (5/60), respectively. S. aureus was highly resistant to penicillin and streptomycin. Escherichia coli was highly resistant to amoxicillin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ampicillin. Salmonella was highly resistant to amoxicillin, penicillin and cefpodoxime, ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and streptomycin. Staphylococcus aureus harboured sea, seb, sec and sed enterotoxin genes with a prevalence of 13.04%, 4.34%, 13.04 % and 4.34%, respectively. Escherichia coli isolates harboured stx1 and stx2 with a prevalence of 83.33% and 66.66%, respectively. Escherichia coli was serotyped as O128, O142, O26 and O157. Salmonella harboured invA and hilA genes by 100% and 80%, respectively. In conclusion, the application of good manufacturing practices with well-trained food handlers is necessary to control and prevent contamination of hospitable meals by foodborne bacteria in order to protect and save intensive care patients.
Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Pre-Attentional Inhibitory Deficits

Abstract According to recent findings schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as separate disease entities manifest similarities in neuropsychological functioning. Typical disturbances in both disorders are related to sensory gating deficits characterized by decreased inhibitory functions in responses to various insignificant perceptual signals which are experimentally tested by event related potentials (ERP) and measured P50 wave. In this context, recent findings implicate that disrupted binding and disintegration of consciousness in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder that are related to inhibitory deficits reflected in P50 response may explain similarities in psychotic disturbances in both disorders. With this aim, this review summarizes literature about P50 in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Market orientation, failure learning orientation, and financial performance

ABSTRACT Although it is widely acknowledged that market orientation and learning orientation are necessary success factors, the exact dynamics of the relationship between the constructs and firm performance is not perfectly clear. This article offers a new depth of understanding to this research by introducing and exploring the role of failure learning orientation. Specifically, the roles of market orientation, learning orientation, and failure learning orientation are explored with performance. Unlike previous literature, learning orientation did not mediate the market orientation and performance relationship. Instead, support was found for market orientation’s direct effect on performance and its indirect effect via failure learning orientation. The mediating role of failure learning orientation suggests that more specific learning typologies may alter the market orientation, learning orientation, and performance relationship. The study adds to existing market orientation research and the growing failure learning orientation literature. It emphasizes failure learning orientation’s importance in enhancing competitiveness and superior performance.
Comparative analysis of functional outcome in patients who undergo total knee arthroplasty with or without patellar resurfacing

TKA is one option to relieve pain and to restore function to an arthritic knee. The decision to resurface the patella during TKA remains controversial. We have performed this clinical trial study to examine the efficacy and short term outcomes of TKA with and without patellar resurfacing. To compare -the functional outcome in patients who underwent TKR with patellar resurfacing or without patellar resurfacing. To compare frequency and severity of anterior knee pain and other complications in both groups (TKA with or without PR). The study was conducted on 68 patients in department of orthopedics at DMC Ludhiana. The study was divided into two groups. Patients who underwent resurfacing(n=14) and who did not undergo resurfacing of patella(n=54) Pre-op and Post-op pro forma (at minimum six months of follow up), and WOMAC score was recorded to assess various factors which affect patient satisfaction. Significant difference was observed on comparing the WOMAC score preoperative and 4 weeks after surgery with WOMAC score after 4 weeks being significantly less then preoperative WOMAC score. At 24 weeks follow up the WOMAC score in patients with patellar resurfacing was significantly less (1.29±2.16) than the other group (3.35±3.19).
IncFIB plasmids carrying the resistance gene blaCTX-M-15 in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli clones from pediatric patients.

INTRODUCTION The emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli clones are a public health concern worldwide. Scarce information does exist about the spread of ESBLs-producing E. coli in pediatric patients from developing countries. METHODOLOGY E. coli strains were analyzed by multilocus-sequence-typing, pulsed-field-gel-electrophoresis and phylogenetic group. The antimicrobial-resistance genes were detected by PCR, and plasmid content by the PCR-based replicon-typing. Horizontal transfer was tested by conjugation and the location of the blaCTX-M-15 gene by Southern blot hybridization. RESULTS Thirty-two cefotaxime-resistant E. coli were recovered. Eleven of them were ESBL-producing isolates, which were well characterized and ascribed to seven sequence types and five phylogroups. The ESBL CTX-M-15 was the most prevalent enzyme (9 of 11). Plasmids of variable sizes (40-220 kb) were visualized, and the incompatibility (Inc) group FIB plasmid-replicon was detected in the ESBL strains and transferred by conjugation in 45.45% of them. Plasmid-borne toxin-antitoxin systems were the most frequently detected systems, strongly associated to IncF plasmids. The CTX-M-15-encoding gene was located on IncFIB plasmids. CONCLUSIONS Even though a small number of ESBL-producing strains was recovered, we evidenced that IncFIB plasmids carry the blaCTX-M-15 gene, highlighting the role of IncF-type plasmids in facilitating the spread and maintenance of ESBL-encoding genes, which further favors the rapid increase of the antimicrobial resistance dissemination in disease-causing E. coli strains in pediatric patients.
Phylogenetic position of Newhousia (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) and the description of N. sumayensis sp. nov. from Guam

ABSTRACT The calcified encrusting brown algal genus Newhousia is reported from three new archipelagos in the Pacific: (1) Society Islands, French Polynesia; (2) Guam, Mariana Islands; and (3) Vanuatu. Newhousia presents a simple morphology consisting of small, rounded, two-layered calcified blades with limited interspecific variability in morphological features. Consequently, resolving cryptic diversity in Newhousia requires molecular phylogenetics. Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees, based on the concatenated cox1, cox3, psbA, rbcL and 18S rDNA sequences, supported a sister relationship of Newhousia with Lobophora/Zonaria clade. Analyses revealed five distinct evolutionary lineages within Newhousia. Genetic variation between the lineage from Guam and the two hitherto known Newhousia species, N. imbricata from Hawaii and N. yagha from Papua New Guinea, warrant the description of one new species, N. sumayensis sp. nov. The other two lineages, from the Society Islands and Vanuatu, were identified as geographically distinct populations of N. imbricata with limited genetic variation, rather than independent species. In the Society Islands, N. imbricata is common between depths of 10 m and 20 m as unattached spherical structures, or attached to hard substrate. In Guam, N. sumayensis sp. nov. grows abundantly in sciophilous habitats at depths of 10–21 m. We provide the first documentation of spores for this genus and of structures resembling plurilocular antheridia. Increased sampling throughout the Indo-Pacific region is required to further elucidate the distribution range and patterns of species richness in Newhousia.
The Abysmal Organization of Work and Work Safety Culture Experienced by North Carolina Latinx Women in Farmworker Families

The occupational health of immigrant workers in the United States is a major concern. This analysis describes two domains, organization of work and work safety culture, important to the occupational health of Latinx women in farmworker families. Sixty-seven Latinx women in North Carolina farmworker families completed a baseline and five follow-up questionnaires in 2019 through 2021. Fifty-nine of the women were employed in the year prior to the Follow-Up 5 Questionnaire. These women experienced an abysmal organization of work and work safety culture. They experienced significant job churn, with most changing employment several times during the 18-month period. Most of their jobs were seasonal, paid less than $10.00 per hour, piece-rate, and almost all without benefits. The women’s jobs had little skill variety (mean 1.5) or decision latitude (mean 1.1), but had high psychological demands (mean 2.0). Work safety climate was very low (mean 13.7), with 76.3% of women noting that their supervisors were “only interested in doing the job fast and cheaply” rather than safely. Women employed as farmworkers versus those in other jobs had few differences. Further research and intervention are needed on the organization of work and work safety culture of Latinx women manual workers.
Perspective on Macroscale Complexity in the National Transplant System

We present a perspective of the national transplant program based on organizational theory and complexity theory, framing the system’s allocation of donor organs as an interorganizational directed multiplex of agents with diverse belief formation in a cooperative-competitive environment. Simulation and analysis of this macroscale complexity may help explain known behavioural variations across member organizations. However, the transplant community still relies on system-scale simulations since effective macroscale methodologies are not well established. Therefore, we offer this perspective of the national transplant program as a means to stimulate new methods that capture macroscale impacts of policy development for deceased donor organ allocation.
Firm Performance During a Crisis: Effects of Adhocracy Culture, Incremental Product Innovation, and Firm Size

The government-mandated closure of U.S. restaurants for in-restaurant dining during the early stages of the COVID-19 crisis cast a spotlight on operators’ ability to effectively innovate, and re-imagine their product offerings. In this context, this research draws on the resource-advantage theory of competitive advantage, proposing that (1) an adhocracy culture is a key internal resource that operators can leverage to drive rapid incremental product innovation under forced change, and (2) firm size is a contextual factor that moderates the degree of incremental product innovation-firm performance relationship. Findings from two empirical studies indicate that adhocracy culture positively and indirectly effects firm performance through degree of incremental product innovation, and that this effect is moderated by firm size. Larger firms yield superior performance effects due to access to a network of interconnected resources for rapid innovation diffusion in a crisis.
Between the Foreground and the Background Lies the Middle Ground: Painting a Harmonious Early Childhood Curriculum Landscape

Highlights This commentary centers on one of the insightful articles in this Special Issue: “Curriculum Hybridization and Cultural Glocalization: A Scoping Review of International Research on Early Childhood Curriculum in China and Singapore,” authored by Yang and Li (2022). The commented article provides insights and directions regarding early childhood curriculum policy and practice in China and Singapore. Aligning with Yang and Li’s (2022) findings, this commentary further paints a new three-component framework (the foreground, the background, and the middle ground) for understanding and harmonizing the global–local dissonance in the early childhood curriculum landscape. Leveraging both hindsight and foresight, this commentary also provides insights for policy and practice to advance a harmonious early childhood curriculum landscape in China and Singapore as well as in other societies confronted with similar predicaments.
Balancing Public & Economic Health in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Analysis

Despite loose restrictions and a low mortality rate due to COVID-19, Japan faced the challenge of stabilizing its economy during the pandemic. Here, we analyzed how the Japanese government attempted to maintain a balance between the health of the population and the health of the economy. We used a mix of quantitative data, information from policy documents, and news agency publications. Features of the Japanese government’s handling of the pandemic include the lack of constitutional authority to enforce a lockdown, the laxer restrictions compared with other countries in which citizens were advised only to exercise self-restraint and avoid close social contact, and the existence of expert panels that had only an advisory role. Our findings address the slow initial response of the government, which feared that the 2020 Tokyo Olympics would be canceled, and the increased testing when the Olympics were postponed, as well as the expansion of vaccination efforts after the Olympics. In addition, there was a targeted campaign to promote national travel to increase economic revenue in the tourism sector, but this led to an increase in COVID-19 cases.
INCREASING ENGAGEMENT WITH RETIREMENT THROUGH PERSONALISED COMMUNICATION?

People are not doing enough to prepare for their retirement. A particular challenge for various stakeholders (governments, retirement providers, employers) is how to increase engagement with retirement? One solution is to rely on personalised communication. Personalisation implies tailoring communication to accommodate individual users. The idea is that personalising retirement communication ought to appeal to individuals more directly and increase engagement. Personalisation can be applied in various forms. On a very basic level, one can personalise by, for example, addressing people by name. For this investigation, however, we focus on a more advanced form where we personalise based on people’s personality characteristics. For example, personalising communication for optimists, as opposed to pessimists by framing textual or visual prompts so that it appeals to optimists. We report the results of five studies. While we find encouraging evidence that people prefer personalized (as opposed to non-personalised) content about retirement, we did not observe changes in retirement engagement. We surmise that bridging the lack of engagement in the retirement domain may require more direct and concrete interventions. Furthermore, we cast doubt on whether personalisation is the right tool to use to correct entrenched behaviours such as retirement planning avoidance.