Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testing the ‘Pleistocene species pump’ in alpine habitats: lineage diversification of flightless ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Nebria) in relation to altitudinal zonation

95.111 Alpine species often have similar demographic responses to Pleistocene climate changes, but exhibit different spatial patterns of genetic diversity. Using a comparative phylogeographical approach, we examined the factors influencing lineage formation in three alpine carabid beetles of the genus Nebria Latreille inhabiting the California Sierra Nevada. These flightless beetles differ in altitudinal zonation and habitat preferences, but overlap spatially, have limited dispersal capacities and share life history characteristics. Species distribution modelling predicted decreasing population connectivity in relation to increasing altitudinal preferences. Diversity patterns at the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene revealed north–south genetic structure and recent population growth in all three species. The high-elevation-restricted species, Nebria ingens Horn, exhibited a deep phylogeographical split, morphological divergence and evidence of limited, unidirectional gene flow towards the south. This was supported by additional data from three nuclear genes and isolation with migration analysis. Nebria spatulata Van Dyke, inhabiting an intermediate altitudinal range, exhibited fixed morphological differences between northern and southern populations, but showed limited structure. The broadly distributed Nebria ovipennis LeConte showed less structure and lacked morphological variation. Diversification of these Nebria species supports the role of altitudinal zonation in lineage formation and is consistent with the Pleistocene species pump model. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 107, 95–111.
Paths to low-cost hydrogen energy at a scale for transportation applications in the USA and China via liquid-hydrogen distribution networks

The cost of delivered H2 using the liquid-distribution pathway will approach $4.3–8.0/kg in the USA and 26–52 RMB/kg in China by around 2030, assuming large-scale adoption. Historically, hydrogen as an industrial gas and a chemical feedstock has enjoyed a long and successful history. However, it has been slow to take off as an energy carrier for transportation, despite its benefits in energy diversity, security and environmental stewardship. A key reason for this lack of progress is that the cost is currently too high to displace petroleum-based fuels. This paper reviews the prospects for hydrogen as an energy carrier for transportation, clarifies the current drivers for cost in the USA and China, and shows the potential for a liquid-hydrogen supply chain to reduce the costs of delivered H2. Technical and economic trade-offs between individual steps in the supply chain (viz. production, transportation, refuelling) are examined and used to show that liquid-H2 (LH2) distribution approaches offer a path to reducing the delivery cost of H2 to the point at which it could be competitive with gasoline and diesel fuel.
Efficiency of Processed Farm Wastes on Structure and Oba Super 11 Grain Yield on Condemned Oil Stressed Soil in Southeastern Nigeria

Condemned oil causes a lot of change in the soil structural stabilization leading to significantly loss of its capacity to support crop yield. As a result of this, a research was done in 2015, 2016 and 2017 to evaluate condemned oil stress soil and assess effectiveness of different processed farm wastes in attenuating negative structural changes on soil structure and influence on grain yield. Four treatments: Ash = 15 t ha of rice mill ash; Fresh = 15 t ha of fresh rice mill waste; Timber = 15 t ha of timer mill waste; Control = Nonapplication of amendment. These treatments were applied on a condemned oil stressed soil. The treatments showed higher significant improvement in Ash with respect to attenuating contamination stress soil structure and higher Oba Super 11 grain yield. Therefore, higher significant structural stabilization and sustainable grain yield of Oba Super 11 can be achieved by application of rice mill ash on condemned oil stress soil.
Gravimetric Separation of Heavy Minerals in Sediments and Rocks

The potential of heavy minerals studies in provenance analysis can be enhanced conspicuously by using a state-of-the-art protocol for sample preparation in the laboratory, which represents the first fundamental step of any geological research. The classical method of gravimetric separation is based on the properties of detrital minerals, principally their grain size and density, and its efficiency depends on the procedure followed and on the technical skills of the operator. Heavy-mineral studies in the past have been traditionally focused on the sand fraction, generally choosing a narrow grain-size window for analysis, an approach that is bound to introduce a serious bias by neglecting a large, and sometimes very large, part of the heavy-mineral spectrum present in the sample. In order to minimize bias, not only the largest possible size range in each sample should be considered, but also, the same quantitative analytical methods should be applied to the largest possible grain-size range occurring in the sediment system down to 5 μm or less, thus including suspended load in rivers, loess deposits, and shallow to deep-marine muds. Wherever the bulk sample cannot be used for practical reasons, we need to routinely analyze the medium silt to medium sand range (15–500 μm) for sand and the fine silt to sand range (5–63 or > 63 μm) for silt. This article is conceived as a practical handbook dedicated specifically to Master and PhD students at the beginning of their heavy-mineral apprenticeship, as to more expert operators from the industry and academy to help improving the quality of heavy-mineral separation for any possible field of application.
Computation of Evapotranspiration with Artificial Intelligence for Precision Water Resource Management

Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) provides useful information for water resource management and sustainable agriculture. This study estimates ETo with recurrent neural networks (RNNs), namely long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional LSTM. Four representative meteorological sites (North Cape, Summerside, Harrington, and Saint Peters) were selected across Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada to form a PEI dataset from mean values of the four sites’ climatic variables for capturing climatic variability from all parts of the province. Based on subset regression analysis, the highest contributing climatic variables, namely maximum air temperature and relative humidity, were selected as input variables for RNNs’ training (2011–2015) and testing (2016–2017) runs. The results suggested that the LSTM and bidirectional LSTM are suitable methods to accurately (R2 > 0.90) estimate ETo for all sites except Harrington. Testing period (2016–2017) root mean square errors were recorded in range of 0.38–0.58 mm/day for all sites. No major differences were observed in accuracy of LSTM and bidirectional LSTM. Another objective of this study was to highlight the potential gap between ETO and rainfall for assessing agriculture sustainability in Prince Edward Island. Analyses of the data highlighted that the cumulative ETo surpassed the cumulative rainfall potentially affecting yield of major crops in the island. Therefore, agriculture sustainability requires viable options such as supplemental irrigation to replenish the crop water requirements as and when needed.
Patterns of pollen dispersal and mating in a population of the clonal plant Sagittaria latifolia

Increased plant size is generally expected to have negative consequences for mating by increasing pollen transfer between flowers of the same plant. Such geitonogamous self‐pollination would then reduce sexual fitness through both female and male function. However, recent theoretical work has indicated that when plants grow clonally, the outward expansion of plants caused by clonal growth might have positive effects on siring without substantially increasing rates of self‐pollination. We investigated patterns of pollen dispersal, selfing and siring in a monoecious population of the clonal plant Sagittaria latifolia, in which clones varied in size and the extent of intermingling with other clones. A spatially explicit statistical model based on the inferred pollen dispersal kernel was constructed to examine the mechanisms underlying observed mating patterns. Pollen dispersal typically occurred over distances that exceeded the spatial extent of clones. There was a positive association between clone size (measured as the number of ramets per genet) and the likelihood that clones were intermingled with the shoots of other clones. Together, these patterns of pollen dispersal and clonal intermingling resulted in a weak positive association between clone size and selfing rates and a strong positive association between clone size and outcross siring success. These patterns were replicated in the spatially explicit model, indicating that the intermingling of clones is an important determinant of mating patterns in this population. Synthesis. Our study provides the first examination of the pollen dispersal kernel for a clonal plant. It is the first study providing empirical support for model predictions that potentially negative effects of increased selfing in large clones might be offset by increased siring success. This implies that the negative consequences of becoming large do not necessarily apply to clonal plants.
Morphological and genetic variation of the Fusarium semitectum isolates associated with cereal grains using RAPD markers.

Received: Revised: Accepted: September 10, 2013 October 22, 2013 October 25, 2013 Fusarium species are among the most commonly occurring and economically important member of micro-fungi. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity and relationship among 29 isolates of F. semitectum collected from various cereals and locations in the north of Iran by using morphological characters and RAPD-PCR polymorphisms. Based on morphological studies the isolates were divided into two distinct groups A and B. Microscopic characters (shape of macroconidia and presence of sporodochia and chlamydospore) of group A varied between isolates and lead to this group divided into two subgroups. Using eight polymorphic primers, 82 RAPD fragments were obtained with an average of 10 polymorphic bands per primer. Cluster analysis with UPGMA revealed three distinct arbitrary level of 50% similarity. Majority of isolates of group A were homogenous having similar DNA patterns. There were low levels of genetic difference among isolates of morphotype A while two of them (28 and 29) have a different banding pattern. Genetic estimates demonstrated that the isolates from morphotype A were significantly distinct from morphotype B isolates. Results of cluster analysis using RAPD data did not show any correlation with geographical distribution but the results of this analysis confirmed a genetic variation among all isolates.
Specific Antibodies against Synthetic Oligopeptides of Eel GTH/TSH Subunits

Specific antibodies were raised against Japanese eel gonadotropic hormone 11ƒÀ(GTH ‡UƒÀ), thyroid-stimulating hormone ƒÀ (TSHƒÀ), and common a (GTH/TSHƒ¿) subunits using synthetic oligopeptides as antigens in order to examine GTH and TSH synthesis. The specificity of the antibodies was evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. By Western blot of eel pituitary, each an tibody detected one specific band. The immunohistochemical results also indicate that GTH ‡U and TSH can be reliably identified by these antibodies in eel. As details on the identify of eel GTH IƒÀ have not been published, we attempted to identify these cells by subtraction of GTH ‡UƒÀ and TSHƒÀ cells from the entire population of GTH/TSHƒ¿ positive cells. In chum salmon, the anti-GTH/TSHa posi tive cells which reacted with neither anti-salmon GTH ‡UƒÀ nor anti-human TSHƒÀ (ƒÀ --ƒ¿+ cells) proved to be anti-salmon GTH IƒÀ positive in an adjacent section. In early vitellogenic Japanese eels and mid vitellogenic New Zealand longfinned eels from the wild, many ƒÀ --ƒ¿+ cells were observed. These results suggest that the ƒÀ --ƒ¿+ cells in Japanese eels are probably GTH I cells. The development and validation of these antibodies will be significant for future studies on the role of GTHs and TSH in Japanese eels.
Making sense of climate: A meta-analytic extension of the competing values framework

Organizational climate research has surged recently, but the disbursement of research contributions across domains has made it difficult to draw conclusions about climate and its connections with performance. To make sense of the climate literature, we used the competing values framework (CVF) to classify domain-specific climates into four climate types (clan, adhocracy, hierarchy, and market climates). We did so by conceptually linking domain-specific climates that are manifestations of the same underlying strategic values. We then conducted meta-analyses to examine the magnitudes, mechanisms, and moderators of the individual and group-level associations between the CVF climates and performance. These meta-analyses revealed positive climate–performance associations for each climate type and supported job attitudes as a common mediator. We also examined several methodological moderators of climate–performance relationships, testing the source of climate and performance measures, the temporal assessment of these constructs, and the level of within-group agreement in climate measures as possible boundary conditions.
A short review on regulation of stability of aqueous suspensions of carbon nanotubes

This review analyses the authors’ recent and related works on electrokinetic properties and colloidal stability of aqueous suspension of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the presence of surfactants and nanoparticles. Selected adsorptive properties of carbon nanotubes are also considered. The applicability of classical theories of electrophoresis for description of electrophoretic mobility of carbon nanotubes is discussed. Examples on the ζ-potential of CNTs in aqueous suspensions as a function of pH and concentration of electrolytes (KCl, CaCl 2 and AlCl 3 ) are given. Additions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) cationic surfactant below the critical micelle formation concentration (CMC) values give a reduction and then an overcharging the CNT surface because of accumulation of the surfactant ions in the Stern layer. At concentrations above CMC the substantial drop in ζ is observed. It is due to the shift of the shear plane toward solution as a result of formation of hemi-micelles on the surface. An increase in the mass ratio of artificial mineral Laponite (Lap) in suspension (X) from 0 to 0.4 results in a monotonic decrease of the ζ-potential of CNT + Lap hybrids with reaching its plateau value ≈ –32 mV at X ≥ 0.4 that corresponds to the ζ of “pure” Lap platelets. This evidences the high surface coverage of nanotubes surface with Lap at X ≥ 0.4. The major methods to improve the dispersibility of carbon nanotubes, their colloidal stability and adsorptive properties are briefly discussed, namely: stabilization in mixtures of water and organic solvents; functionalization by chemical treatment; stabilization by additives of surfactants or polymers and hybridization by addition of supplementary stabilizing nanoparticles. CNTs can be significantly debundled in “good” solvents, such as 1-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. It is demonstrated that the dispersibility of CNTs is a complex function of the type of surfactant, its concentration and the surfactant/CNTs ratio. The optimum concentration of CTAB to achieve homogeneous aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes was identified to be near the CMC. Additions of CTAB significantly modify the size distribution of CNTs and a sharp transition from small primary aggregates to large secondary aggregates at concentrations above CMC is observed. At optimal concentration of Lap the nanotube particles get well stabilized, and a stepwise increase of sedimentation stability is observed. We have shown also that CNT + Lap hybrids can be effectively used for removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous systems. The kinetics and mechanisms of adsorption are elucidated.
Pengaruh Gcg, Profitabilitas, Capital Intensity, dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Tax Avoidance

Tax Avoidance is a taxpayer's attempt to exploit the legal gap for the tax to be minimized. The study aims to empirically know the influence of good corporate governance (independent Board of Commissioners, institutional ownership, Audit Committee), profitability, capital intensity, and size of the company To the tax avoidance of the banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with a 3-year observation period in 2016-2018. The theory used in this study was agency theory. The population in this research is the entire banking sector company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2016-2018 with the determination of research samples using the purposive sampling method, resulting in a sample of 21 companies Banking sector. The data analysis techniques used in this study were multiple linear regression. The results of this research show that an independent board of Commissioners, profitability, and capital intensity do not affect tax avoidance. Meanwhile, institutional ownership, audit committee, and size affect tax avoidance.
Suitability of a 10% fat diet for use in time-restricted feeding experiments with C57BL/6 mice

Background: There is growing interest in the possible role of circadian rhythms in feeding behavior and their effect on diet-induced obesity. However, it is unclear whether widely used purified diets are suitable for use as normal control diets for rodents undergoing time-restricted feeding studies. In the present study, we compared the effects of 4% and 10% fat diets on body mass gain and food consumption during time-restricted feeding (TRF). Methods: Ad libitum -fed male C57BL/6J mice had free access to AIN-93M (4% fat) or modified 10% fat diets, whereas TRF groups were only able to consume one of these diets twice daily, at ZT23:00–01:00 and ZT11:00–13:00, for 5 weeks. Results: Total energy consumptions by the TRF-4% and TRF-10% fat groups were 26.5% and 18.6%, respectively, less than that of the ad libitum -fed groups. The body mass gains by the 4% and 10% fat diet groups fed ad libitum were similar, but the gain by the TRF-4% fat group was markedly lower than that of the TRF-10% fat group. In addition, whereas the body mass gain by the TRF-10% fat group was similar to that of its ad libitum equivalent, the gain by the TRF-4% fat group was much lower than that of the equivalent ad libitum -fed group. Conclusion: We showed for the first time that a 10% fat diet (21.9% kcal from fat) is suitable for the maintenance of body mass gain during TRF of C57BL/6 mice. Keywords: ad libitum feeding, fat content, mouse, time-restricted feeding
Identification at the larval stage of four Curculio species coexisting on oak trees using PCR‐RFLP

A major current challenge for ecologists is to explore how temporally fluctuating environments influence the evolution of physiological processes, behaviors, and life histories of organisms (Tuljapurkar et al., 2009). Examining how populations and communities respond demographically to environmental variation may further allow uncovering the processes underlying coexistence of competing species (Chesson et al., 2004; Loreau & de Mazancourt, 2008). Insect communities composed of oak weevils [Curculio spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)] are especially well fitted for such studies: their larvae, being specialist consumers of oak acorns, experience strongly fluctuating environment due to mast-seeding strategies developed by oak trees (Quercus spp.), resulting in high inter-annual variation in fruit production (Koenig & Knops, 2000). In addition, the resources available to such insects can be quantified easily, and surveys of insect communities in the field generate large datasets. This system allows studying the mechanisms of coexistence of competing species, because four Curculio species – Curculio glandium Marsham, C. elephas (Gyllenhal), C. pellitus (Boheman), and C. venosus (Gravenhorst) – coexist and compete on the same host trees (Coutin, 1992; Hughes & Vogler, 2004). For this biological model to be fully relevant, however, we need to identify the species at the larval stage, which is not possible yet (Marvaldi, 2003). In this study, our objective was thus to find a fast, reproducible, and cheap method that can be applied routinely on large insect samples and unambiguously assign any larva to the correct weevil species. For that purpose, we tested on mature larvae two independent methods, based on (1) a molecular tool using PCR-RFLP on mitochondrial DNA, and (2) morphological traits of newly emerging larvae including their fresh weight, and the number and position of sensilla on the head capsule. We further tested whether the molecular method could apply to small amounts of total DNA, so that the species could be identified at any immature stage.
Characterization of 50S Ribosomal Subunit Assembly Inhibition in Erythromycin Treated Escherichia coli Cells.

CHARACTERIZATION OF 50S RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT ASSEMBLY INHIBITION IN ERYTHROMYCIN TREATED ESCHERICHIA COLI CELLS by Jerry E. Usary Erythromycin has long been recognized for its ability to inhibit protein synthesis by interfering with mRNA translation on the bacterial ribosome. We have recently shown that erythromycin also inhibits the assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunit in growing bacterial cells. The nature of this assembly inhibition has been investigated using H-uridine pulse-chase labeling of control and erythromycin treated E. coli cells. Subunit assembly was examined by sucrose gradient centrifugation of labeled cell lysates. Normal assembly kinetics of subunit assembly were observed in control cells at 37C. Formation of the 30S subunit was completed by 7.5 minutes and assembly of the 50S subunit was finished by 15 minutes after an unlabeled uridine chase. At 37C, in the presence of erythromycin, 30S subunit assembly was unaffected but 50S assembly was greatly reduced. When the assembly kinetics were examined at 27C, the assembly of both subunits was slowed and 30-32S precursor particle was seen to accumulate. This particle was found to bind Cerythromycin in vivo and in vitro. RNase E has been implicated in the normal degradation and turnover of rRNA. A RNase Emutant accumulated substantially more precursor to the 50S subunit than did control cells at either 37C or 27C. This precursor particle was also found to bind C-erythromycin . Specific 50S proteins and the 23S and 5S rRNAs were found in the 30S gradient region from lysates of cells grown at 27C, confirming the presence of a 50S subunit precursor cosedimenting with 30S subunits under these conditions. The precursor particle in the RNase E mutant had a larger number of associated 50S proteins than did the precursor from SK901. These data are consistent with our model of 50S subunit inhibition by erythromycin in which a fraction of 50S precursor particles undergo normal maturation, while the remainder are eventually degraded.