Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Pre-processing and Efficient Blood Vessel Segmentation in Retinopathy Fundus Image

The human retina is a light receptive tissue and its enormously rich in blood vessels for its high physiological stress and dysfunction of the retinal vasculature can effect from several diseases. Diabetic retinopathy is caused due to complications of diabetes, which can eventually develop new blood vessels at the back of the retina and it can lead to blur vision or loss of vision. This work describes the problems of retinopathy associated with diabetic patients and premature babies. We propose methods for the preprocessing and efficient segmentation method to support measurement of the openness of the MTA, including image enhancement techniques like morphological operations, efficient luminance component construction and bank of Gabor filters to segment retinal blood vessels. Finally an image cropping is used to separate inferior and superior part of this segmented image for the effective and detailed analysis of the vascular structure in the fundus eye images. Certain retinal disorders, if not detected in time, can cause serious problems like blur vision and blindness in patients. The implementation and the performance of the various edge detection methods like Canny, Sobel and Gabor filters are based on visual perception. It has been concluded that in case of natural images such as retinal fundus image a Gabor filter yielded better results in segmentation of blood vessels as compared to edge detection methods of Canny and Sobel. KeywordsDiabetic retinopathy, image preprocessing, Blood vessels, Gabor filter, Segmentation __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
Microarray Gene Expression Data Mining using High End Clustering Algorithm based on Attraction-Repulsion Technique

—Microarray Gene expression data analysis is one of the key domains in the modern cellular and molecular biology system design and analysis; shortly we called it computational simulation of genome-wide expression from DNA hybridization. We present here a high end clustering algorithm basically a technique following the inspiration led by natural attraction and the repulsion processes. It groups the similarly expressed genes in same clusters, co-expressed and differently expressed ones in different clusters. Most importantly, it takes into account of the outliers in an efficient manner by not allowing them to interfere with the similarly expressed gene clusters on the fly. In the first clustering process, it calculates the distances of all the genes in a proximity range set in prior, henceforth attracting all the least distant genes from the seed gene. Varying the proximity range in the subsequent run, repulse the maximally distant genes from the same cluster, thereby achieving a near to perfect cluster formation at the end. We include cluster validity testing using Hubert’s statistics technique, which shows a very optimal clusters validity result.
CESAREAN-SECTION AND THE DYSBIOSIS OF NEONATAL GUT MICROBIOME: ILL-EFFECTS, SIDE-EFFECTS, OR JUST EFFECTS?

Our gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in our health and disease. The establishment of human gut microbiota during infancy is influenced by many factors among which delivery mode has the most prominent effect. Babies born by C-section harbor a different microbiota profile as compared to babies born vaginally. Coincidently, babies born via C-section are also found to be more predisposed to develop diseases such as asthma, obesity, type2 diabetes etc. later in life, possibly because of abnormal microbiome spectrum. However, it still remains unresolved whether inclination to these maladies results from a lack of exposure to the mother’s (vaginal and perianal) microbiota during birth or from higher exposure to unsolicited microbes such as those acquired from environment, mother’s skin etc. Hence, further studies are still required to intensely examine the colonization pattern of infant gut microbiota with regard to birth mode and its comprehensive influence on infant’s long-term health, particularly scrutinizing the influence of confounding factors such as demographic, ethnic, genetic, parental, environmental, nutritional, gestational etc. Present mini-review aims to bring together some of the important evidences on the influence of birth mode on the acquisition and development of infant gut microbiota composition.
Lymphocyte subsets reference values for healthy adult in Togo

The aim of this study was to establish the lymphocyte subsets reference values for healthy adults in Togo. A total of 139 subjects 5(100 males, 39 females) with hematological normal ranges were selected among 1349 voluntary blood donors who were otherwise included in a parallel study to establish the hematological reference values in Togo. All of them were negative for HIV, HBV, HCV infections and malaria. The dual-platform method was used to perform lymphocyte subsets counts. Reference ranges by gender (males vs females) were as follows: total T-lymphocytes (1071-2850 cells/μl vs 1185-2600 cells/μl), CD4-lymphocytes (595-1750 cells/μl vs 675-1650 cells/μl), CD8-lymphocytes (420-1300 cells/μl vs 450-1100 cells/μl), B-lymphocytes (160-558 cells/μl vs 153-700 cells/μl) and NK-lymphocytes (114-560 cells/μl vs 105-550 cells/μl). The range of the CD4:CD8 ratio was 0.9-2.1 in males and 1.1-2.3 in females. The CD8 cells count was lower and CD4:CD8 ratio was higher in females than in males. The Blymphocyte count was higher than the NK-lymphocyte count unlike some literature data.
Numerical And Experimental Investigation of The Flow Field Around NACA 0012 Aerofoil

In the present work, we studied experimental and numerical investigation of lift, drag coefficients and pressure distribution of two-dimensional subsonic stream over National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics NACA 0012 symmetric aerofoil at different angles of attack and at low and high Reynolds numbers (Re). The results are presented for every two degrees of angle of attack from 200 to 200 at velocity of 45m/s. The computational domain was made of 80000 elements for NACA 0012 in a structured manner, dealing with the refinement of the grid around the aerofoil keeping in mind the end goal is to enclose the boundary layer. The popular turbulent models for simulation are Spalart-Allmaras, K-Omega (Shear Stress Transport) is validated and examining the predictions of the free field experimental measurements in laminar flow for the aerofoils selected. The experimental test was conducted in low-speed wind tunnel, and the numerical analysis was performed using CFD program in ANSYS-15 (FLUENT) software. The main purpose of the work was to demonstrate the behavior of the aerofoil at these conditions and to build up a verified solution method. The simulated results acquired from numerical and experimental were compared which shows close agreement with the literature results. In this study, Stall angle relies on turbulent occurred behind aerofoil; therefore as a result impact of the stall angle performance was investigated.
Cytological evaluation of lung mass FNA under Computed tomography guidance: A study of 123 cases

Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) guided Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple, safer, and rapid technique. CT guidance can assist FNAC from any part of thorax without any major complications. FNAC helps distinguish between benign and malignant lesions and also effectively aids in morphological typing of lung cancer, thereby reducing the delay in initiation of specific therapy like chemotherapy or surgery. Materials and Method: One hundred and twenty three cases of lung mass lesions were evaluated with CT guided FNAC. Smears were stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa and Hemotoxylin & Eosin (H & E) stain for rapid cytopathological evaluation of the lesions. Results: Out of 123 cases included in the study, 90 cases (73.17%) were male and 33 (26.83%) were female. The mean age in malignant cases was 60.3 years whereas it was 50 years in benign lesions. Cytological examination showed that 109 cases were malignant and 14 cases were benign lesions. Cytomorphological diagnosis revealed maximum number of cases belonged to adenocarcinoma (60.9%). Rest of the cases were Squamous cell carcinoma (16.2%), Non-specific inflammation (4.8%), Granulomatous inflammation (3.2%), metastatic deposits (3.2%) and spindle cell neoplasm (1%). Only ten cases could be followed up for histopathological evaluation. All the cases confirmed the primary diagnosis of malignancy on histopathological examination. Conclusion: CT guided FNAC is a simple, and reliable for the diagnosis and sub typing of lung cancer, thereby reducing the delay in initiation of specific therapy like chemotherapy or surgery.
Association of Levels of Education and Marital Experience on Marital Satisfaction among Selected Marriages in Kisii Township Kisii County

Marital satisfaction is a pertinent ingredient to the stability of any nation, given that the family is the basic unit of any nation. Too much marital dissatisfaction leads to family members being unstable socially which trickles down to societal problems hence to the nation. In Kisii Town, Kisii county women have derived marital dissatisfaction from the fact that their husbands batter them for money from the woman’ small businesses and the men are also threatened by the womens’ stability and that generally there is family conflicts between men and women. The purpose of this study therefore sought to establish the relationship between age, level of education, marital experience and gender in relation to marital satisfaction among selected spouses. The objectives for the study were : to determine the relationship between between education and marital satisfaction and to establish the relationship between marital experience and marital satisfaction among selected spouses in Kisii Township in Kisii County. The researcher employed a correlation survey design. The population of the study comprised 4,019 spouses and a sample size of 200 spouses was randomly selected for the study. Data was collected by using the Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire. Content and construct validity was ascertained by a pilot study of applying 20 questionnaires outside the area of study by a questionnaire vetted by peers. Reliability was established by the calculating Cronbachs’ Alfa Coeffecient by administering the questionnaire to 20 respondents who did not take part in the final study. Reliability coefficients of 0.763, 0.710, 0.716 and 0.701 were reported and were all above the recommended value. Data analysis was done using statistical techniques such as ANOVA with the aid of statistical package of social sciences version 21. marital satisfaction in marriages. From the statistical analysis in the table 4.5, the P value indicating the significance of education was at 0.05 and the calculated p value was at 0.171. Thus (P>.05) in all the different educational levels. Therefore, we accept the null hypothesis that there is no statistically significant relationship between level of education and marital satisfaction and reject the alternative hypothesis that there is statistical significant relationship between level of education and marital satisfaction. And on marital experience statistical analysis in table 4.7, the P value indicating the cut off value was indicated at 0.05 and the calculated p value was 0.086. Subsequently, (p>0.05) therefore the null hypothesis stating that there is no statistical significance between experience and marital satisfaction was accepted and the alternative hypothesis was rejected. Keywords: key words, level of Education, Marital experience, marital satisfaction
The Role of Family Functioning, Couples Communication Patterns and Early Maladaptive Schemas Domains in Marital Satisfaction Prediction

Objective: The purpose of this study was the role of family functioning, couples communication patterns and early maladaptive schemas domains in marital satisfaction prediction. Method: In this study, a descriptive and correlational design was used. For this purpose, from among teachers married men and womens on ghorcity, 150patients (75 males and 75 females), were selected with available sampling.Participants completedmarital satisfaction Questionnaire (ENRICH) short form (Olson, 1989), The Questionnaire of Family Functioning, Epstein et al (1983), couplescommunication patterns questionnaire; Christensen and sullaway1984), early maladaptive schemas Yung -75 questions form (1994) questionnaire. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation and multiple regression method was used. Results:The results showed thatamong allthe components offamily functioningand marital satisfactionthere is a significantnegative relationship. There is positive relationship between Mutual constructive pattern and marital satisfaction and a negative significant relationship between demand /withdraw and avoid mutual Patterns with marital satisfaction. As well as all early maladaptive schemas domains with the exception of other-orientation domain, hada significant negative relationship with marital satisfaction. Regression analysis showed that predictive variables, respectively 0/66,0/81 and 0/33predict changes in marital satisfaction. Conclusion: family functioning, couples communication patterns and early maladaptive schemas domains, predict marital satisfaction. Therefore, in the treatment of marital problems can be considered by the therapists.
Asiaticoside increases aquaporin-3 protein

INTRODUCTION Skin hydration decreases with aging. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is a major protein that plays a role in skin hydration, therefore it is a novel target for skin moisturizing treatment. Retinoic acid (RA) as a well-known active agent in antiaging treatment increases AQP3 expression, but frequently causes harmful side effects. Asiaticoside, a saponin compound isolated from Centella asiatica (CA) is also known as an antiaging cosmetic and plays a role in wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of asiaticoside isolated from CA and the effect of RA on the AQP3 expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs).
Analyzing Security requirements for On Demand Routing Protocols In Mobile Adhoc Networks

Mobile Network assumes no pre-deployed infrastructure is available for routing packets end-to-end in a network, and instead relies on intermediary peers. Securing ad hoc routing presents challenges because each user brings to the network their own mobile unit, without the centralized policy or control of a traditional network. Especially, Security flaws of routing protocol may cause severe problems under ad hoc network. In this paper we briefly present the most popular on-demand routing protocol ADOV and potential security problems of AODV. Then, this paper analyzes security requirements for ad hoc routing protocols and proposed solutions such as ARAN, SAODV, SAR and SRP
MULTIMYCOTOXIN ANALYSIS USING LC-MS/MS AND SUB CHRONIC TOXICITY STUDY OF FUSARIUM SEMITECTUM FUNGUS ISOLATED FROM GROUNDNUT HAY

The present study was conducted to know the cause of the obscure disease found in the cattle of south Karnataka region since 2005. This study confirmed the disease in cattle, which occurred after feeding of the contaminated groundnut hay. Ailing cattle were showing the clinical signs of colic, tenesmus, bleeding from natural orifices, central nervous system abnormality symptoms, anorexia, chronic recumbancy and death after few days. Fungus was isolated from the groundnut hay, identified, characterized by molecular methods. The fungus contaminated wheat materials were subjected to multimycotoxin analysis using LC-MS/MS method. Apicidin and beauvericin mycotoxins found in high concentrations. To confirm further, toxicity studies were conducted in rats. Clinical signs of toxicity were observed. Body weight, blood clotting time, postmortem findings, histopathological changes, hematological parameters, and biochemical parameters abnormality were recorded and correlated. The present study indicated the toxic feature of the culture filtrates/ fungi infected wheat material isolated from ground nut hay in rats. This study helped the farming community by identifying cause of the death of the cattle and reduced further mortality.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Analgesic Efficacy of Intravenous Acetaminophen in Ambulatory Surgery

Purpose: We investigated whether intraoperative intravenous acetaminophen has the potential to reduce pain after ambulatory surgery and reduce time to discharge from the post anaesthesia care unit and hospital. Methods: We tested this hypothesis by conducting a prospective randomized, double-blind clinical trial in patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. A total of 145 patients were randomized to pre and postoperative placebo (50), intravenous (IV) operative and postoperative oral acetaminophen (49), and pre and postoperative oral acetaminophen (48). Results: The primary end point; visual analogue scale mean pain intensity over 24 hours after completion of surgery, was not significantly different between the 3 groups, control group 2.0 (1.6), mean (SD), (IV) acetaminophen group 2.1 (1.9) and oral acetaminophen group 2.1 (1.6); (p=0.93). Time to fitness for discharge from the postoperative care unit (p=0.77) and time to fitness for discharge from hospital (p=0.27) also did not vary significantly between the three groups. Conclusion: The addition of intraoperative IV acetaminophen to a standard analgesia regimen in patients undergoing ambulatory surgery did not significantly improve pain control or discharge times after surgery compared with pre and postoperative oral acetaminophen or placebo. *Corresponding author: Alex Konstantatos, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Fax: 0390762813; E-mail: A.konstantatos@alfred.org. au Received January 10, 2012; Accepted February 09, 2012; Published February 15, 2012 Citation: Konstantatos A, Smith J, Angliss M (2012) A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Analgesic Efficacy of Intravenous Acetaminophen in Ambulatory Surgery. J Pain Relief 1:104. doi:10.4172/2167-0846.1000104 Copyright: © 2012 Konstantatos A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Evaluation of Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Branched-Chain Amino Acids

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) supplementation has been reported to suppress the incidence of cancer in diabetic animal models. However, the effects and the mechanism of BCAA on insulin-induced proliferation of a panel of colorectal, breast, pancreatic cancer cell lines remains unclear. In this study, colon (HT29, HCT116, SW620, CACO2 and SW480), breast (MCF7 and t47d) and pancreas (Panc1) tumor cells were treated with varying concentrations of BCAAs with or without insulin. Selective cytoxicity was examined in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Using Nitric Oxide (NO) Griess and SRB assay followed by analyzing the gene expression of tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα), interleukin 1 beta (IL1β), β catenin, cyclin D1 and Bax by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The result show that BCAAs supplementation could inhibit the releasing of NO from RAW264.7 cell line and the proliferation of HCT116, SW620, CACO2, SW480, MCF7 and t47d and Panc1 cells lines but not HT29. qRT-PCR demonstrated that BCAAs suppressed expression of IL1β and TNFα, and so was reduced the insulin induced expression levels of β catenin and cyclin D1, and up regulate the Bax in HCT116, MCF7 and Panc1 cancer cells, possibly by inactivation of PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK and NF-kB signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that BCAA may have potential therapeutic benefits for cancer in chronic hyperinsulinemic conditions.
Response of growth and yield attributes of aromatic rice to cow dung and zinc fertilization

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Field, Department the Agronomy, Bangladesh during Aman season (July to December) 2016 to evaluate the growth, yield and yield attributes of aromatic rice (cv. Tulshimala ) under the fertilization of cow dung (organic manure) and zinc (micronutrient). The application of different levels of cow dung and zinc fertilizers considerably increased the number of total tillers hill -1 , number of productive tillers hill -1 , panicle length, test weight (g), grain yield hill -1 (g), straw yield hill -1 (g), grain yield (t ha -1 ), straw yield (t ha -1 ), and biological yields over control. However, the treatment combination of CD 1 Zn 2 i.e. 10 t ha -1 cow dung and 12 kg ha - 1 ZnSO 4 along with other recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers produced the highest grain yield (2.79 t ha -1 ) and straw yield (5.80 t ha -1 ) over other treatments.
Enhancing Social Competence through a Group Intervention Program for Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumours

Purpose: To examine the social competence of childhood brain tumour survivors in the context of a group social skills intervention program developed to address documented social deficits among this population and to expand outcomes obtained from a feasibility study, by: conceptualizing social competence as three separate but interrelated constructs including social adjustment, social performance, and social skills; incorporating a control group; eliciting teacher responses; and examining sense of self. Methods: Participants were 23 survivors (10 males; 13 females) aged 7 to 15 years and comprised an intervention (n=15) and control group (n=8). The intervention consisted of 8 2-hour weekly sessions focused on social skills including friendship making. At the level of social adjustment, intervention participants, controls, parents, and teachers (n=6) completed standardized measures of social adjustment including: social skills (SSRS, Gresham & Elliott, 1990); social functioning (Varni, 1999); and social problems (Achenbach, 2001). At the level of social performance, behavioural observations were conducted on intervention participants. At the level of social skills, intervention participants responded to the Social Problem-Solving Measure (SPSM; Vannatta, 1993). Survivors also completed
A Single-Channel Acoustic Method for Portable Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea

A Single-Channel Acoustic Method For Portable Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea Hisham Alshaer, MD Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of IBBME University of Toronto 2013 Background: Sleep apnea is a very common disease with serious health consequences. It affects approximately 85% of adults, most of whom remain undiagnosed, which puts them at risk of car accidents, because of sleepiness, and hypertension, heart failure, and stroke. The objective of this thesis was to develop a single-channel device for portable monitoring of sleep apnea that uses breath sounds collected via a microphone distal to the nose and mouth. Methods: Project 1: Frequency characterization was used to identify the basic components of the respiratory cycle, i.e., inspiration and expiration. Project 2: Inspiratory sounds were used to determine upper airway narrowing by means of Linear Predictive Coding (LPC), which was validated against objective measures of upper airway resistance. Project 3: An algorithm to calculate the frequency of apneas and hypopneas per hour (apnea-hypopnea index or AHI) was developed and validated against polysomnography in 50 subjects during sleep. Project 4: Finally, a self contained device was then developed and evaluated in 49 subjects in the home setting, 11 of whom used the device on 2 different nights.