Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pre- and Post-Competitive State Anxiety among the Athletes

This study explore investigates and evaluates preand post-competitive anxiety, self-confidence, and performance of the athletes. The Cognitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 was administered to collect data from 100 athletes, both men and women, before and after the competition, who participated in annual sports tournament of Subharti University Meerut. The paired t-test was used to find the significant difference between the preand post-competition. Results showed that the levels of cognitive state anxiety before the competition were low as compared after the competition and the levels of somatic state anxiety before the competition were high as compared after the competition, whereas the levels of self-confidence before the competition were high as compared after the competition. This study concludes that the levels of cognitive state anxiety increase after the competition as athletes could not perform according to the performance expectations; on the contrary, the levels of somatic anxiety decrease as there was no pressure of performance on the athletes after the competition and the levels of self-confidence decrease after the competition as athletes could not reach their desired performance levels.
A Cost-Effective Entangling Prefetcher for Instructions

Prefetching instructions in the instruction cache is a fundamental technique for designing high-performance computers. There are three key properties to consider when designing an efficient and effective prefetcher: timeliness, coverage, and accuracy. Timeliness is essential, as bringing instructions too early increases the risk of the instructions being evicted from the cache before their use and requesting them too late can lead to the instructions arriving after they are demanded. Coverage is important to reduce the number of instruction cache misses and accuracy to ensure that the prefetcher does not pollute the cache or interacts negatively with the other hardware mechanisms.This paper presents the Entangling Prefetcher for Instructions that entangles instructions to maximize timeliness. The prefetcher works by finding which instruction should trigger the prefetch for a subsequent instruction, accounting for the latency of each cache miss. The prefetcher is carefully adjusted to account for both coverage and accuracy. Our evaluation shows that with 40KB of storage, Entangling can increase performance up to 23%, outperforming state-of-the-art prefetchers.
Effect of ginger on blood chemistry and immunity status of black rock broiler chicken

The present experiment was conducted to assess the effect of ginger supplementation on the blood Haemato-biochemical and immuno response of black rock broiler chicken. One hundred twenty numbers of day old black rock broiler chicks were distributed to 04 groups having 30 birds in each. Each group consists of three replicates with 10 birds in each replicate. Ginger was supplemented at the label of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% in four groups respectively through the feed. The experiment continued for 42 days. The mean Hb(%), PCV(%), TEC(×10/μl), TLC(×10/μl), MCV(fl), MCHC(%) at 6 week of Black rock broiler birds in all the groups ranged from 9.44±0.06 to 9.8±0.21, 28.36±1.10 to 30.68±1.57, 2.72±0.12 to 2.90±0.24, 19.53±1.67 to 20.05±1.96,102.96±7.35 to 109.52±12.34 and 32.40±2.35 to 33.88±0.63 showing non-significant difference among the treatments. Serum biochemicals like glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, uric acid did not differ significantly (P>0.05), but serum cholesterol and triglycerides decreased significantly (P<0.05) in treatment birds than control. The present research result has shown conspicuous enhancement in immunity status when tested with foot pad infusion of PHA-P and antibody production against sheep red blood cells. It may be concluded that supplementation of ginger powder enhanced the immunity and decreased the total cholesterol in black rock bird.
EffectofSpentButtonMushroomSubstrateonYieldandQualityof Baby Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea )

Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Horticulture, P. Bag 35, Marondera, Zimbabwe Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, P. Bag 35, Marondera, Zimbabwe Midlands State University, Faculty of Natural Resource Management and Agriculture, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe Future of Hope Foundation, Christon Bank, Mazowe, Zimbabwe
The effects of vitamın D, C, E and zinc supplementation in chronic non specific low back pain

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D3, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc supplements on pain and functional capacity in Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP). Methods: 20 patients (female/male:10/10) with CLBLP, aged between 28 and 57 years (mean age: 41.25±9.12), participated in the study. Mcgill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) was used to measure the state of pain. Pain-related functional capacity was evaluated through Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) used to assess fear-avoiding beliefs based on physical activity and the effects of work in chronic low back pain. The Finger Floor Test (FFT) used to assess the fl exibility of trunk fl exion. Evaluations were performed before and after treatment. Result: Before treatment; the mean of MPQ was 50,55±6,03, the mean of FFT was 5,5±2,35 cm, the mean of RMDQ was 14,9±2,38, the mean of FABQ was 50,7±5,68. After treatment; the mean of MPQ was 23,45±5,35, the mean of FFT was 2,45±0,89 cm, the mean of RMDQ was 6,95±1,70, the mean of FABQ was 22,5±5,73. The results were statistically signifi cant difference between before and after assesment scores (p<0,05). Conclusion: Vitamin D, C, E and zinc have been found to be effective in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain. Research Article The effects of vitamın D, C, E and zinc supplementation in chronic non specifi c low back pain Unal Mehmet1*, Gulcelik Ertunc Gonul2, Sezgin Burak Ahmet3 and Kocaturk Muammer4 1Kocaeli Flex&Form, Turkey 2Istanbul Gedik University, Turkey 3İstanbul ABS Holistik Sağlık, Turkey 4Kocaeli Cihan Hospital, Turkey Received: 24 December, 2020 Accepted: 29 April, 2021 Published: 03 May, 2021 *Corresponding author: Unal Mehmet, Kocaeli Flex&Form, Turkey, E-mail:
Effect of Soil Solarization on Soil Borne Fungi, the Growth and Yield of Tomato Grown In Clay Loam Soil at Alexandria Governorate, Egypt

Mulching by 100 μ thickness transparent plastic sheets compared with specific fungicides for controlling soil borne fungi were carried out at Al-Sabahia, Horticulture Research Station, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Solar heating resulted from mulching gradually reduced the tested soil borne-fungi to very low levels, comparable with non-mulched treatment. Soil Temperature, fungal frequency and tomato yield were recorded during the experimental seasons. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between the three months mulching and specific fungicides treatments effect against soil borne fungi. So, it could be concluded that possibility of using mulching method to control soil-borne diseases pathogens in the clay loam soil by planting the crop in solarized fields.
LAW AND INNOVATION: EVIDENCE FROM STATE TRADE SECRETS LAWS

Here, I study the effect of state enactment of the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA) on R&D among U.S. businesses between 1979 and 1998. Using a new index of the legal protection of trade secrets, I find that the UTSA was associated with higher R&D among larger companies and those in high-tech industries. For the average company in the respective industry, the UTSA was associated with 3.2% more R&D in pharmaceuticals and 3.1% more R&D in computers and office equipment, as contrasted with no significant change in soaps and cleaners, and industrial machinery and equipment.
NVOverlay: Enabling Efficient and Scalable High-Frequency Snapshotting to NVM

The ability to capture frequent (per millisecond) persistent snapshots to NVM would enable a number of compelling use cases. Unfortunately, existing NVM snapshotting techniques suffer from a combination of persistence barrier stalls, write amplification to NVM, and/or lack of scalability beyond a single socket. In this paper, we present NVOverlay, which is a scalable and efficient technique for capturing frequent persistent snapshots to NVM such that they can be randomly accessed later. NVOverlay uses Coherent Snapshot Tracking to efficiently track changes to memory (since the previous snapshot) across multi-socket parallel systems, and it uses Multi-snapshot NVM Mapping to store these snapshots to NVM while avoiding excessive write amplification. Our experiments demonstrate that NVOverlay successfully hides the overhead of capturing these snapshots while reducing write amplification by 29%–47% compared with state-of-the-art logging-based snapshotting techniques.
Antimicrobial and phytochemical screening of Euphorbia hirta used by Abagusii Mothers in treatment of infectious diseases among young children

Antimicrobial and Phytochemical screening of Euphorbia hirta reputed to be widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases was carried out. Screening covered mainly the root, stem, leaf and flower extracts of ether. The whole plant contains compounds such as alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthracene glycosides, carotenoids, coumarins, emodins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids/triterpenoids, tannins and volatile oils, all known to be of medicinal value. The root, stem, leaf and flower extracts of ether, methanol and water inhibited the growth of all the micro-organisms that they were treated against. The most sensitive organism to these extracts was Candida albicans (f7, 77=1 7.7, p<0.001), a stubborn fungal pathogen and the leaf and root were the most inhibitory plant extracts respectively (F3, 77=5.9, p<0.001). C. albicans and P. vulgaris were the most and least sensitive microorganisms respectively F7, 77=2.7, p<0.001). Individual plant parts did not show any significance with respect to the extraction solvent (F2, 3=3.2, p<0.001). Methanol was the most efficient when the effectiveness of the extraction of solvents are compared. The result is statistically significant at (F2, 3=3.2, p<0.01). Thus, the medicinal herb as used by Abagusii mothers since time immemorial has a healing agent in the treatment of oral thrush, diarrhoea and dysentery in young children.
An AR Debugging Tool for Robotics Programmers

Programming robots is a challenging task exacerbated by environmental factors, faulty hardware, and software bugs. When coding issues arise, traditional debugging techniques such as output logs or added print statements that may help in typical computer applications are not always useful for roboticists. This is because robots often have an array of sensors that output complex data types, which can be difficult to decipher as raw text data. As an alternative, we explore how an augmented reality head mounted display (ARHMD) may facilitate robotics programming by providing a medium for conveying 3D visualizations of robot data superimposed directly into the programmer’s environment. Such visualizations can provide users with an intuitive way to confirm their understanding of the robot’s inner state and sensor data. In
Advanced Techniques for Improved Properties of P/M Ferrous Soft Magnetic Materials

Powder Metallurgical (P/M) route of manufacturing has its inherent advantages such as the utilization of the material to a greater extent, ability to get the product in net shape without subsequent machining or incorporating any other additional forming operation. At the same time, P/M processing makes it possible to tailor the magnetic properties of a part to suit a specific application by effectively controlling the powder characteristics, material’s chemistry and processing parameters. Thus P/M processing offers the material and product designer a wide flexible range and a greater scope for material’s development. The desired magnetic properties in P/M soft magnetic materials may be obtained by selecting appropriate alloy chemistry and optimizing the processing parameters. The requirement of high density is a predominant factor for improving the performance of powder metallurgy components employed in soft magnetic applications. Also, new methods are being developed by modifying the existing ones for the production of P/M parts to improve performance, efficiency and life of the components and to make them suitable in a wider range of applications. Most of these methods are of commercial importance and many of them have been patented.
A Field-Portable Diagnostic Approach Confirms Laurel Wilt Disease Diagnosis in Minutes Instead of Days

Background: Laurel wilt disease has caused the extensive mortality of lauraceous species in the southeastern United States. The causal agent is an invasive fungus, Raffaelea lauricola, which is a symbiont of the beetle Xyleborus glabratus and causes a rapid, fatal vascular wilt. Early diagnosis of laurel wilt is imperative for efficient disease management. The current diagnostic process, however, is slow due to the lengthy laboratory procedures required to confirm pathogen presence. Methods: We tested the robustness and field-portability of a recently developed, species-specific, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for R. lauricola, with the overall goal of eliminating the need for a laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis. We tested the robustness of the assay using benchtop equipment with naturally infected samples. We then tested the assay directly in the field using a portable device. Results: The assay successfully detected R. lauricola directly from symptomatic wood tissue using crude DNA extracts. Furthermore, the assay readily allowed users to distinguish between symptoms caused by R. lauricola infection and similar symptoms caused by other agents. In-field, we assayed wood samples from symptomatic redbay (Persea borbonia [L.] Spreng) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum [Nutt.] Nees) across the Southeast and successfully detected R. lauricola-infected trees in less than an hour. Conclusion: Results of this study confirmed that the field-deployable LAMP assay is robust and can rapidly and accurately detect R. lauricola in infected trees directly on-site. LAMP technology is well suited for in-field implementation, and these results serve as an incentive for further development and use of this technology in the field of forest pathology.
Reasoning about Human Behavior in Ad Hoc Teamwork

Ad hoc teamwork is a decentralized multi-agent problem in which agents must collaborate online without pre-coordination. An interesting challenge in ad hoc teammate design is working efficiently with human agents, which may require a model of how these agents behave in a team. In this paper, we investigate a scenario in which one of the teammates is a human, as part of a work in progress to construct an ad hoc teammate that can collaborate in mixed human-agent environments. This paper presents an experiment that evaluates human behavior in ad hoc teamwork under three different conditions: A control group which is given a basic set of instructions and two treatment groups which are given varying levels of additional information about the collaborative nature of the task. We measure the users’ performance in terms of optimality and legibility. We show that these values are significantly different between the conditions, thus highlighting the importance of acquiring a model that encompasses different human behaviors.
PMAKE: Physical Unclonable Function-based Mutual Authentication Key Exchange Scheme for Digital Aeronautical Communications

Growth of civil air traffic and new entrants into the air transportation sector such as Unmanned Aeronautical Vehicles (UAV) pose a great challenge for air traffic management and its supporting Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) infrastructure. Analogue systems have to be replaced by digital systems to optimize spectrum efficiency, and automation needs to be introduced to support human decision making at scale. As safety and security are strongly intertwined in aviation, cybersecurity is one key enabler for digitalization in civil aviation. However, few deployed digital aeronautical communications systems incorporate dedicated cybersecurity measures. Link requirements of low latency, low bandwidth, and long range make aeronautical datalinks especially challenging in terms of security design. Further, challenging are the nature of wireless communication itself and the political boundaries in international air transportation concerning unique communication participant identification. Thus, this paper proposes a concept for a challenge-response (CR) based Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) Mutual Authentication Key Exchange scheme, short PMAKE, binding communication identity and radio device together. Initial evaluations show its suitability for the digital aeronautical communications system LDACS.
VNTR Mutation in Monoamine Oxidase A in Depression and Anxiety: A Quantitative Survey

In this study, the relationship between Monoamine Oxidase A variable tandem repeat number genetic polymorphism and cognitive tests used for depression and anxiety were evaluated. The study aimed to determine whether Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) variable sequential repetition count could be an indicator that can be useful in diagnosing depression and anxiety. The beck depression inventory and beck anxiety inventory were applied to 102 individuals aged between 20-25 years. Oral epithelial cells and blood samples were collected for genetic analysis. DNA isolation of blood samples was performed, and the variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism was analyzed. The association between the beck depression and anxiety inventory results variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms were evaluated statistically by the chi-square test or fisher’s exact test. While the results obtained proved a statistically significant relationship between Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) variable tandem repeat number genetic profiles in male subjects, a statistically significant impact could not be determined in the female group. The results used in the evaluation were obtained from the beck depression and anxiety inventories. The results obtained from the study provide promising outcomes about the utilization of genetic parameters and diagnostic criteria employed in clinical psychology.
Quantitative traits of selected multivoltine, bivoltine races/breed and hybrids of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. during monsoon season

The present investigation was conducted to know the economic traits of silkworm Bombyx mori L. two multivoltine races C. niche and Pure Mysore and two bivoltines NB4D2 and CSR2 were utilized to prepare four hybrids – viz., PM x NB4D2 and PM x CSR2, NB4D2 x PM and CSR2 x PM were analyzed for eleven economic characters namely fecundity, hatching percentage, larval duration, larval weight, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell percentage, length of the filament, pupation rate, denier and renditta in monsoon season. The results revealed that in multivoltine the pure Mysore recorded better performance in economic characters except Length of filament and denier than C.Nichi. The bivoltine CSR2 showed better in all economic character than NB4D2. Accordingly, cross from the pure race/ breeds ie. , hybrids NB4D2 x PM recorded better in the more in fecundity, hatching percentage, larval weight, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell percentage, pupation rate and denier. CSR2 x PM has lower larval duration with higher renditta compared to all hybrids.
High Myopia and the Complement System: Factor H in Myopic Maculopathy

High myopia (HM) is both a medical problem and refractive error of the eye owing to excessive eyeball length, which progressively makes eye tissue atrophic, and is one of the main causes for diminishing visual acuity in developed countries. Despite its high prevalence and many genetic and proteomic studies, no molecular pattern exists that explain the degenerative process underlying HM, which predisposes patients to other diseases like glaucoma, cataracts, retinal detachment and chorioretinal atrophy that affect the macular area. To determine the relation between complement Factors H (CFH) and D (CFD) and the maculopathy of patients with degenerative myopia, we studied aqueous humor samples that were collected by aspiration from 122 patients during cataract surgery. Eyes were classified according to eyeball axial length as high myopia (axial length > 26 mm), low myopia (axial length 23.5–25.9 mm) and control (axial length ˂ 23.4 mm). The degree of maculopathy was classified according to fundus oculi findings following IMI’s classification. Subfoveal choroid thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography. CFH and CFD measurements were taken by ELISA. CFH levels were significantly high in the high myopia group vs. the low myopia and control groups (p ˂ 0.05). Significantly high CFH values were found in those eyes with choroid atrophy and neovascularization (p ˂ 0.05). In parallel, the CFH concentration correlated inversely with choroid thickness (R = −0.624). CFD levels did not correlate with maculopathy. All the obtained data seem to suggest that CFH plays a key role in myopic pathology.
The Impact of Medical Innovations on Longevity Inequality

We study medical progress and skill-biased productivity growth as drivers of longevity inequality from a theoretical life-cycle as well as from a macroeconomic perspective. To do so, we develop an overlapping generations model populated by heterogeneous agents subject to endogenous mortality. We model two groups of individuals for whom differences in skills translate into differences in income and in the ability to use medical technology effectively in curbing mortality. We derive the age-specific individual demand for health care based on the value of life, the level of medical technology and the market prices. Calibrating the model to the development of the US economy and the longevity gap between the skilled and unskilled, we study the impact of rising effectiveness of medical care in improving individual health and examine how disparities in health care demand and mortality emerge as a consequence. Furthermore, we explore the role of differential income growth. We pay particular attention to the macroeconomic feedback from price changes, especially to medical price inflation.
Adjustments in the Labor and Real Estate Markets: Estimates of the Time Series Variation in the Natural Vacancy Rate

Large similarities exist between the labor and real estate space markets. The natural vacancy rate (NVR) and the natural rate of unemployment (NRU) are important in modeling these markets. The real estate literature has drawn on early modeling of the labor market and has predominantly assumed the NVR to be constant in time. We consider a range of approaches to estimate cross-sectional and time variation in the NVR for the US office market. The results provide no evidence for a time trend, but the NVR may still vary temporally although it is difficult to identify plausible and consistent time variation.