Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Creation of an Anodic Bonding Device Setup and Characterization of the Bond Interface Through the use of the Plaza Test

The Creation of an Anodic Bonding Device Setup and Characterization of the Bond Interface Through the use of the Plaza Test Timothy Michael McCrone Recently there has been an increased focus on the use of microfluidics for the synthesis of different products. One of the products proposed for synthesis is quantum dots. Microfluidics often uses Polydimethylsiloxane for structure in microfluidic chips, but quantum dots use octadecene in several synthesis steps. The purpose of this work was to create a lab setup capable of anodically bonding 4 " diameter wafers, and to characterize the bond formed using the Plaza test chip so that microfluidic devices using glass and silicon as substrates could be created. Two stainless steel electrodes placed on top of a hot plate were attached to a high power voltage supply to perform anodic bonding. A Plaza test mask was created and used to pattern P type silicon wafers. The channels etched were between 300 and 500nm deep and ranged between 1000µm and 50µm. These wafers were then anodically bonded to Corning 7740 glass wafers. Bonding stopped once the entire surface of the wafer was bonded, determined by visual inspection. All bonds were formed at 400°C and the bond strength and toughness between wafers bonded at 400V and 700V was compared. A beam model was used to predict the interfacial fracture toughness, and the stress at the bond was calculated with a parallel spring model. By measuring the crack length of the test structures under a light microscope the load conditions of the beam could be found. It was concluded that the electrostatic forces between the wafers give the best indication of what the bond quality will be. This was seen by the large difference in Page | v crack length between samples that were bonded using a thick glass wafer (1 mm) and a thin glass wafer (500µm). The observed crack lengths for the thick glass wafers were between 40 and 60µm. Thin glass wafers had a crack length between 20 and 40µm. The fracture toughness was calculated using the beam model approximation. Fracture toughness of the thin glass wafers was 7MPa m 1/2 , and of the thick glass wafers was 30 MPa m 1/2. The fracture toughness of the thick glass wafers agreed with results found through the use of the double cantilever beam samples in literature. The maximum observed interfacial stress was 70 MPa. Finally, …
Tissue structure and ventricular wall mechanics.

Considering that the left ventricle is a thick-walled body that maintains its volume while reducing intracavitary volume by two thirds, it should come as no surprise that the ventricular wall thickens during systole and that there is a transmural gradient in wall thickening. Wall thickening on the inner wall may exceed values of 40% measured by a variety of techniques. These values far exceed the 8% diameter increase estimated by simple conservation of volume in an individual myocyte shortening by 15%. Physiologists have long understood that changes in the macrostructure of the wall (cellular rearrangement) must account for the difference between wall thickening and estimates of cell thickening.1 Reorientation of laminae or sheets of muscle cells has been proposed to account for this change in macrostructure.2,3 The dichotomy between wall thickening and estimated change in myocyte diameter has been elegantly framed by Cheng et al4 in this issue of Circulation , which shows nearly identical transmural fiber shortening at 2 ventricular sites, with very different wall thickening in the ovine ventricle. Similar data have been shown for other species.5,6 However, the data presented by Cheng et al4 provide strong evidence that the cellular rearrangements are different at the 2 sites. Cheng et al4 used a method developed by Costa et al5 in which regional histological measurements of muscle fiber and sheet orientations were used to resolve 3-dimensional transmural strain distributions obtained from implanted arrays of radiopaque markers into components. These components were defined by local axes that are parallel to the fibers, transverse to the fibers in the sheet plane, and transverse to the sheets. Wall thickening then can be resolved into components of sheet motion. Costa et al5 and Takayama et al6 reported that the interlaminar shear-strain term (Esn) and …
Mesoporous Carbons and Highly Cross-Linking Polymers for Removal of Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions—Studies on Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics

This study presents the results of applying the methods of synthesizing mesoporous carbon and mesoporous polymer materials with an extended porous mesostructure as adsorbents for cationic dye molecules. Both types of adsorbents are synthetic materials. The aim of the presented research was the preparation, characterisation, and utilisation of obtained mesoporous adsorbents. The physicochemical properties, morphology, and porous structure characteristics of the obtained materials were determined using low-temperature nitrogen sorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction (XRD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and potentiometric titration measurements. The morphology and microstructure were imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical characterisation of the surface chemistry of the adsorbents, which provides information about the surface-active groups, the elemental composition, and the electronic state of the elements, was carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption properties of the mesoporous materials were determined using equilibrium and kinetic adsorption experiments for three selected cationic dyes (derivatives of thiazine (methylene blue) and triarylmethane (malachite green and crystal violet)). The adsorption capacity was analysed to the nanostructural and surface properties of used materials. The Generalized Langmuir equation was applied for the analysis of adsorption isotherm data. The adsorption study showed that the carbon materials have a higher sorption capacity for both methylene blue and crystal violet, e.g., 0.88–1.01 mmol/g and 0.33–0.44 mmol/g, respectively, compared to the polymer materials (e.g., 0.038–0.044 mmol/g and 0.038–0.050 mmol/g, respectively). The kinetics of dyes adsorption was closely correlated with the structural properties of the adsorbents. The kinetic data were analysed using various equations: first-order (FOE), second-order (SOE), mixed 1,2-order (MOE), multi-exponential (m-exp), and fractal-like MOE (f-MOE).
Text input methods for eye trackers using off-screen targets

Text input with eye trackers can be implemented in many ways such as on-screen keyboards or context sensitive menu-selection techniques. We propose the use of off-screen targets and various schemes for decoding target hit sequences into text. Off-screen targets help to avoid the Midas' touch problem and conserve display area. However, the number and location of the off-screen targets is a major usability issue. We discuss the use of Morse code, our Minimal Device Independent Text Input Method (MDITIM), QuikWriting, and Cirrin-like target arrangements. Furthermore, we describe our experience with an experimental system that implements eye tracker controlled MDITIM for the Windows environment.
CUTCI: A GPU-Accelerated Computing Method for the Universal Thermal Climate Index

The universal thermal climate index (UTCI) is a crucial temperature index for describing human thermal comfort. With the continuous advancement of Earth observation technologies, it has become feasible to monitor hourly global UTCI at kilometer-level resolution. However, the computational efficiency of UTCI calculations limits the production and application of UTCI, particularly time-series UTCI application at fine resolution. To address the abovementioned issue, this letter proposes a CUDA UTCI (CUTCI) method based on the graphics processing unit (GPU). CUTCI leverages the parallel computing capabilities of GPUs and kernel fusion techniques to improve parallelization and mitigate overhead during calculation. Experimental results demonstrated that, in comparison to operational UTCI and thermofeel UTCI, CUTCI significantly improved computational efficiency by over 250 times and 17 times, respectively. The production of a single-period global UTCI at 0.1° resolution consumed less than 0.2 s. Experimental results revealed that CUTCI holds practical value in supporting real-time UTCI analysis and historical big data analysis over long-time series.
HIV Infection and Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Background HIV infection is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men. Whether HIV is an independent risk factor for CVD in women has not yet been established. Methods and Results We analyzed data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study on 2187 women (32% HIV infected [HIV+]) who were free of CVD at baseline. Participants were followed from their first clinical encounter on or after April 01, 2003 until a CVD event, death, or the last follow‐up date (December 31, 2009). The primary outcome was CVD (acute myocardial infarction [AMI], unstable angina, ischemic stroke, and heart failure). CVD events were defined using clinical data, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes, and/or death certificate data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between HIV and incident CVD, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, lipids, smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, renal disease, obesity, hepatitis C, and substance use/abuse. Median follow‐up time was 6.0 years. Mean age at baseline of HIV+ and HIV uninfected (HIV−) women was 44.0 versus 43.2 years (P<0.05). Median time to CVD event was 3.1 versus 3.7 years (P=0.11). There were 86 incident CVD events (53%, HIV+): AMI, 13%; unstable angina, 8%; ischemic stroke, 22%; and heart failure, 57%. Incident CVD/1000 person‐years was significantly higher among HIV+ (13.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]=10.1, 18.1) than HIV− women (5.3; 95% CI=3.9, 7.3; P<0.001). HIV+ women had an increased risk of CVD, compared to HIV− (hazard ratio=2.8; 95% CI=1.7, 4.6; P<0.001). Conclusions HIV is associated with an increased risk of CVD in women.
Improving Entity Resolution with Global Constraints

Some of the greatest advances in web search have come from leveraging socio-economic properties of online user behavior. Past advances include PageRank, anchor text, hubsauthorities, and TF-IDF. In this paper, we investigate another socio-economic property that, to our knowledge, has not yet been exploited: sites that create lists of entities, such as IMDB and Netix, have an incentive to avoid gratuitous duplicates. We leverage this property to resolve entities across the dierent web sites, and nd that we can obtain substantial improvements in resolution accuracy. This improvement in accuracy also translates into robustness, which often reduces the amount of training data that must be labeled for comparing entities across many sites. Furthermore, the technique provides robustness when resolving sites that have some duplicates, even without rst removing these duplicates. We present algorithms with very strong precision and recall, and show that max weight matching, while appearing to be a natural choice turns out to have poor performance in some situations. The presented techniques are now being used in the back-end entity resolution system at a major Internet search engine.
Exposure to Stress and Burnout Syndrome in Healthcare Workers, Expert Workers, Professional Associates, and Associates in Social Service Institutions

Background and Objectives: Workplace burnout syndrome is often as sociated with particular aspects of certain job positions, especially those that entail working with people with special needs. The burnout syndrome in healthcare jobs is a serious problem that has grown into an epidemic among healthcare workers and associates. The aim of this research is to assess the presence of stress and burnout syndrome at work with healthcare workers, expert workers, professional associates, and associates in social service institutions in Belgrade. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in the form of a cross-sectional study of a representative sample in social institutions in Belgrade. It was conducted from March to the end of June of 2023. The sample of the study had 491 participants. The questionnaires used were a structured instrument with social–demographic and social–economic characteristics, workplace characteristics, lifestyle characteristics, and the following questionnaires: DASS-21, Copenhagen, Brief Resilience Scale, and Brief Resilient Coping Scale. Results: The end results indicate the following to be significant risk factors for the occurrence of workplace burnout syndrome: overtime (OR = 2.62; CI = 1.50–4.56), BRS average score (OR = 0.28; CI = 0.17–0.44), DASS21 D heightened depression (OR = 2.09; CI = 1.1–4.04), DASS21 A heightened anxiety (OR = 2.38; CI = 1.34–4.21), and DASS21 S heightened stress (OR = 2.08; CI = 1.11–3.89). The only protective risk factor that stood out was the self-assessment of health levels (OR = 0.60; CI = 0.42–0.85). Conclusion: Overtime is a significant factor associated with workplace burnout. Apart from it, other significant factors associated with workplace burnout were heightened depression, anxiety, and stress levels.
RFVP

This article aims to tackle two fundamental memory bottlenecks: limited off-chip bandwidth (bandwidth wall) and long access latency (memory wall). To achieve this goal, our approach exploits the inherent error resilience of a wide range of applications. We introduce an approximation technique, called Rollback-Free Value Prediction (RFVP). When certain safe-to-approximate load operations miss in the cache, RFVP predicts the requested values. However, RFVP does not check for or recover from load-value mispredictions, hence, avoiding the high cost of pipeline flushes and re-executions. RFVP mitigates the memory wall by enabling the execution to continue without stalling for long-latency memory accesses. To mitigate the bandwidth wall, RFVP drops a fraction of load requests that miss in the cache after predicting their values. Dropping requests reduces memory bandwidth contention by removing them from the system. The drop rate is a knob to control the trade-off between performance/energy efficiency and output quality. Our extensive evaluations show that RFVP, when used in GPUs, yields significant performance improvement and energy reduction for a wide range of quality-loss levels. We also evaluate RFVP’s latency benefits for a single core CPU. The results show performance improvement and energy reduction for a wide variety of applications with less than 1% loss in quality.
Well-Founded Semantics for Extended Logic Programs with Dynamic Preferences

The paper describes an extension of well-founded semantics for logic programs with two types of negation. In this extension information about preferences between rules can be expressed in the logical language and derived dynamically. This is achieved by using a reserved predicate symbol and a naming technique. Conflicts among rules are resolved whenever possible on the basis of derived preference information. The well-founded conclusions of prioritized logic programs can be computed in polynomial time. A legal reasoning example illustrates the usefulness of the approach.
Projection Operators and Moment Invariants to Image Blurring

In this paper we introduce a new theory of blur invariants. Blur invariants are image features which preserve their values if the image is convolved by a point-spread function (PSF) of a certain class. We present the invariants to convolution with an arbitrary N-fold symmetric PSF, both in Fourier and image domain. We introduce a notion of a primordial image as a canonical form of all blur-equivalent images. It is defined in spectral domain by means of projection operators. We prove that the moments of the primordial image are invariant to blur and we derive recursive formulae for their direct computation without actually constructing the primordial image. We further prove they form a complete set of invariants and show how to extent their invariance also to translation, rotation and scaling. We illustrate by simulated and real-data experiments their invariance and recognition power. Potential applications of this method are wherever one wants to recognize objects on blurred images.
Indicator cell lines for detection of primary strains of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses.

CCR5 and CXCR4 are the two major coreceptors that have been identified for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry. We have modified several beta-galactosidase-based HIV indicator cell lines to express CCR5 and/or CXCR4. Using these new reagents, we have been able to detect all primary isolates tested using one or both of these cell lines. However, there is large variation in the absolute viral infectivity among primary strains. Furthermore, all HIV strains are capable of causing syncytia in the indicator cells when the coreceptor is present regardless of whether they had previously been characterized as "syncytia-inducing" or "non-syncytium-inducing. "
Enhancing TPM Security by Integrating SRAM PUFs Technology

This paper presents an approach for enhancing the security of key hierarchy in the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) by utilizing the Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) based Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) technology and shows that it can make TPM's Endorsement Key extraction attacks extremely hard. We also provide a plan that implements our SRAM PUFs + TPM integration design in a normal TPM scheme and evaluate our plan. Finally, we demonstrate that our implementation is lightweight due to its minimum change to the existing TPM scheme and also relatively low-cost comparing to those traditional tamper resistance circuitry.
Coordinated Interference Mitigation Precoding in Unsynchronized Small Cell LTE Networks

Next generation long term evolution (LTE) systems evolve towards small cell networks (SCNs) to enable the tremendous data growth through extreme frequency reuse. However, shrinking the cell size to boost the spectral efficiency comes at the expense of increased co-channel interference (CCI) and is the dominant limiting factor from achieving higher network capacities. Consequently, downlink (DL) scenarios in the cell edge become particularly crucial, as the user equipment (UE) is typically surrounded with multiple interfering small cells. To overcome this limitation, in this paper we focus on cooperative interference mitigation schemes where UEs in good channel condition empower the cell edge UE to mitigate the CCI through linear precoding schemes. We provide a practical realization of the cooperative interference mitigation precoding scheme and determine the set of reference signal configuration to enable the promised performance in unsynchronized SCNs with varying timing offsets (TOs) among the receive signals. With simulation results at the link level, we show that estimating and compensating the TO reliable channel state information (CSI) can be achieved for the non- colliding CSI mapping scheme and as a result near optimum DL transmission can be achieved at the cell edge UE in practical SCNs.
High-Intensity Training Improves Exercise Performance in Elite Women Volleyball Players During a Competitive Season

Abstract Purkhús, E, Krustrup, P, and Mohr, M. High-intensity training improves exercise performance in elite women volleyball players during a competitive season. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3066–3072, 2016—Elite women volleyball players (n = 25; mean ± SD: age, 19 ± 5 years; height, 171 ± 7 cm; weight, 63 ± 10 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. They were randomized into a high-intensity training (HIT; n = 13) group and a control (CON; n = 12) group. In addition to the normal team training and games, HIT performed 6–10 × 30-seconds all-out running intervals separated by 3-minute recovery periods 3 times per week during a 4-week in-season period whereas CON only completed the team training sessions and games. Preintervention and postintervention, all players completed the arrowhead agility test (AAT), a repeated sprint test (RST; 5 × 30 meters separated by 25 seconds of recovery), and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 test (Yo-Yo IR2) followed by a-10 minute rest period and the Yo-Yo IR1 test. Mean running distance during HIT in week 1 was 152 ± 4 m and increased (p ⩽ 0.05) by 4.6% (159 ± 3 m) in week 4. The AAT performance improved (p ⩽ 0.05) by 2.3% (18.87 ± 0.97–18.44 ± 1.06 seconds) and RST by 4.3% postintervention in the HIT group only. Baseline RST fatigue index was 7.0 ± 2.9 and 6.2 ± 5.0% in HIT and CON, respectively, but was lowered (p ⩽ 0.05) to 2.7 ± 3.0% posttraining in HIT and remained unaltered in CON (5.5 ± 5.0%). In HIT, Yo-Yo IR2 and Yo-Yo IR1 performance improved by 12.6 and 18.3% postintervention, respectively, with greater (p ⩽ 0.05) Yo-yo IR1 change scores than in CON. In conclusion, additional high-intensity in-season training performed as interval running improved agility, repeated sprint ability, and high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in elite women volleyball players.
CONSUMPTION OF AN ORAL CARBOHYDRATE‐PROTEIN GEL IMPROVES CYCLING ENDURANCE AND PREVENTS POSTEXERCISE MUSCLE DAMAGE

Investigators have reported improved endurance performance and attenuated post- exercise muscle damage with carbohydrate-protein beverages (CHO+P) versus carbohydrate-only beverages (CHO). However, these benefits have been demonstrated only when CHO+P was administered in beverage-form, and exclusively in male subjects. Thus, the purposes of this study were to determine if an oral CHO+P gel improved endurance performance and post-exercise muscle damage compared to a CHO gel, and determine if responses were similar between genders. Thirteen cyclists (8 men, 5 women; &OV0312;O2peak = 57.9 ± 7.0 ml·kg-1·min-1) completed two timed cycle-trials to volitional exhaustion at 75% of &OV0312;O2peak. At 15-minute intervals throughout these rides, subjects received CHO or CHO+P gels, which were matched for carbohydrate content (CHO = 0.15 g CHO·kg BW-1; CHO+P = 0.15 g CHO + 0.038 g protein·kg BW-1). Trials were performed using a randomly counterbalanced, double-blind design. Subjects rode 13% longer (p > 0.05) when utilizing the CHO+P gel (116.6 ± 28.5 minutes) versus the CHO gel (102.8 ± 25.0 minutes). In addition, men (101.8 ± 24.6; 114.8 ± 26.2) and women (104.4 ± 28.6; 119.6 ± 34.9) responded similarly to the CHO and CHO+P trials, with no significant treatment-by-gender effect. Postexercise creatine kinease (CK) was not significantly different between treatments. However, CK increased significantly following exercise in the CHO trial (183 ± 116; 267 ± 214 U·L-1), but not the CHO+P trial (180 ± 133; 222 ± 141 U·L-1). Therefore, to prolong endurance performance and prevent increases in muscle damage, it is recommended that male and female cyclists consume CHO+P gels rather than CHO gels during and immediately following exercise.