Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-time Facial Expression Recognition using 3D Appearance and
 Geometric Network for Public Security

Facial expression recognition is a promising technology that can be used in various fields of artificial intelligence. There are several challenges to deal this task, one of which is recognizing a facial expression in sequential input data for real-time recognition. Many types of convolutional neural networks have been proposed to consider temporal information together. Typically, there are appearance networks that utilize facial appearance information, geometric networks that use facial landmark points, and hybrid approaches that combined these two networks. In this paper, we compare various methods proposed so far and identify the best approach for each network. We also have an experiment the initial architecture of our proposed 3D appearance and geometric network based on these researches and validate that its 97.22% accuracy on CK+ dataset is comparable to state-of-the-art techniques.
Time-Lapse Videomicrographic Observations of the Contraction in Cultured Mouse Blastocysts

培養マウス胚盤胞の収縮運動をタイムラプスビデオを用いて観察した. ハッチング前の期間において,83.3%(25/30)の胚盤胞が収縮を行なったが,ハッチング中およびハッチング後10時間までの期間では,すべての胚盤胞が収縮を行なった. これら3期間において,弱度(20%未満の体積の減少)および強度(20%以上の体積の減少)の収縮の平均回数および1時間当たりの平均収縮回数は,いずれもハッチング中の期間で有意に多かった. また,ハッチングを完了した胚とハッチングを完了しなかった胚において,胚盤胞形成後32時間までの弱度の収縮回数に差はみられなかったが,強度の収縮回数はハッチングを完了した胚で有意に少なかった. 以上の結果から,胚盤胞の収縮運動,特に,弱度の収縮はハッチングに役割を果たしているが,強度の収縮はハッチングとは関係なく,ハッチングを完了できないような胚で多発するものであることが考えられた.
Influence of foliar-applied phosphorus and potassium on photosynthesis and transpiration of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple leaves (Malus domestica Borkh.)

The influence of foliar-applied phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on leaf photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency during the season was studied in Malus domestica ‘Golden Delicious’. The research was carried out on 14-year-old trees on M9 rootstocks. Trees were either sprayed with PK (Hascon M 10 AD), P (Radicon) or K fertiliser (Krad) or left unsprayed (control). PK spraying improved leaf potassium content and postponed the seasonal decrease in leaf potassium concentration. In other treatments, on the other hand, fertilizers were less effective in terms of leaf nutrient concentration enhancement. In general P, and to a lesser extent PK, spraying resulted in reduced leaf photosynthesis and transpiration to the K and control treatments. High leaf photosynthetic and transpiration rates were measured in the control. Trees sprayed with PK showed the highest water use efficiency during the summer period, which could be a benefit in response to water stress, frequently experienced under given climate.
A histochemical and ultrastructural study of the ovary and vitellogenesis in the dogfish Squalus acanthias

Protein yolk formation i s being studied i n an ever increasing number of organisms and i n each the method of formation ( i . e . i n t r a oocytic vs extraoocytic) and the organelles involved (Golgi, mitochondria etc.) d i f f e r even though the f i n a l product i s markedly s i m i l a r . Previous emphasis on elasmobranchs i n t h i s laboratory and the a v a i l a b i l i t y of the specimen favoured the s e l e c t i o n of Squalus acanthias as the experimental animal as v e i l as the lack of any pertinent studies on i t s ovary or v i t e l l o g e n i c processes. While examining the problem of yolk formation with both histochemical and u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l techniques, several other c r i t i c a l areas of i n v e s t i g a t i o n were pursued. As a r e s u l t , the composition of the f o l l i c u l a r envelope and the formation of i t s associated membranes, the surface epithelium, the t u n i c a albuginea, the ovarian cortex and the lacunae border c e l l s were also examined. An examination of representative oocytes from 0.1 to k.O mm i n diameter revealed many important f a c t s . F i r s t , these oocytes are i n a prolonged diplotene with up to 100 n u c l e o l i present, each r i c h i n rRNA represented u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l l y by t h e i r granular nature. Secondly, a complex Bal b i a n i body r i c h i n p r o t e i n and RNA and composed of mitochondria and SER i s present. Here, t h i s mitochondrial mass i s the center for mitochondrial m u l t i p l i c a t i o n . T h i r d l y , l i p i d yolk i s formed before proteinaceous yolk and i t a r i s e s de_ novo i n the ooplasm from extrao o c y t i c a l l y derived materials. F i n a l l y , p r o t e i d yolk arises from two sources. I n i t i a l l y , multigranular (MGB) and m u l t i v e s i c u l a r (MVB) bodies form from Golgi, SER, micropinocytotic v e s i c l e s and v e s i c l e s derived from the nuclear membrane which fuse together forming granular-vesicular bodies (GVB). In oocytes l a r g e r than 0.k mm, distended Golgi lamellae, SER cisternae and loops of SER v e s i c l e s form l i m i t i n g membranes and take up MGBs, MVBs and small GVBs. The contents of these large GVBs then d i s s o l v e , reaggregate and c r y s t a l l i z e forming a mature yolk p l a t e l e t . Of the other areas examined, the basal lamina, the v i t e l l i n e membrane and the f o l l i c l e cells•were the most relevant to yolk formation. The f o l l i c l e c e l l s were implicated i n the formation of both the lamina and the v i t e l l i n e membrane. The former are predominantly acid and sulphated mucopolysaccharides while the l a t t e r i s a protein-polysaccharide complex. Both membranes provide support and chemical s e l e c t i v i t y . The evidence for s t e r o i d a c t i v i t y i n the f o l l i c l e c e l l s of these stages was inconclusive.
Delayed greening in tropical leaves: an antiherbivore defense?

Many tropical species flush entire canopies of red, white, or light green young leaves. In these species, there is a delay of the normal greening process until after leaves have fully expanded and have begun to toughen. Delayed greening involves a delay in the input of chlorophyll, rubisco, nitrogen, and energy. Photosynthetic capacity is therefore lower than in species with normal greening. At full expansion, leaves begin to toughen quickly, and rates of herbivory drop by a factor of 4. We suggest that delayed greening has evolved as a mechanism for minimizing losses to herbivores by delaying input of valuable resources until after the leaf is fully expanded and better protected by toughness. These benefits outweigh the costs of forfeited photosynthesis in the shaded understory but not in the high light treefall gaps. This cost evaluation suggests that, in the face of herbivory, it is advantageous to have delayed greening in the shade and normal development in the sun. Data from 175 of the most common tree species on Barro Colorado Island confirm that delayed greening is extremely common in shade tolerant species and rare in gap specialists.
Stochastic Approximation versus Sample Average Approximation for population Wasserstein barycenters.

In machine learning and optimization community there are two main approaches for convex risk minimization problem, namely, the Stochastic Approximation (SA) and the Sample Average Approximation (SAA). In terms of oracle complexity (required number of stochastic gradient evaluations), both approaches are considered equivalent on average (up to a logarithmic factor). The total complexity depends on the specific problem, however, starting from work \cite{nemirovski2009robust} it was generally accepted that the SA is better than the SAA. Nevertheless, in case of large-scale problems SA may run out of memory as storing all data on one machine and organizing online access to it can be impossible without communications with other machines. SAA in contradistinction to SA allows parallel/distributed calculations. In this paper, we shed new light on the comparison of SA and SAA for particular problem of calculating the population (regularized) Wasserstein barycenter of discrete measures. The conclusion is valid even for non-parallel (non-decentralized) setup.
Genetic diversity among and within watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) landraces in Southern Africa

Summary Genetic diversity in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) was estimated among 213 seedlings from 22 accessions collected in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The accessions consisted of two types of watermelon landraces: sweet watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) and cow-melon (C. lanatus var. citroides), also known as citron melon. In addition, three commercial varieties of C. lanatus var. lanatus from the USA were included for comparison. Ten simple sequence repeat (SSR; microsatellite) loci detected a total of 153 alleles. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.833 – 0.963, suggesting sufficient discriminatory power. Both a cluster analysis and a principal co-ordinate analysis produced two major clusters, one with the 13 cow-melon accessions and the other with the 12 sweet watermelon accessions. Within the sweet watermelon cluster, the three US cultivars grouped together with the Botswana accessions. Some of the other accessions also grouped according to their country of origin, but others did not. Within-accession diversity parameters showed that those sweet watermelon accessions found in traditional agrosystems were just as genetically variable as the cow-melon accessions.
Is Multihop QA in DiRe Condition? Measuring and Reducing Disconnected Reasoning

Has there been real progress in multi-hop question-answering? Models often exploit dataset artifacts to produce correct answers, without connecting information across multiple supporting facts. This limits our ability to measure true progress and defeats the purpose of building multihop QA datasets. We make three contributions towards addressing this. First, we formalize such undesirable behavior as disconnected reasoning across subsets of supporting facts. This allows developing a model-agnostic probe for measuring how much any model can cheat via disconnected reasoning. Second, using a notion of contrastive support sufficiency, we introduce an automatic transformation of existing datasets that reduces the amount of disconnected reasoning. Third, our experiments demonstrate that there hasn't been much progress in multifact reasoning. For a recent large-scale model (XLNet), we show that only 18% of its answer score is obtained through multifact reasoning, roughly the same as that of a simpler RNN baseline. Our transformation shows a substantial reduction in disconnected reasoning (nearly 19 points in answer F1). It is complementary to adversarial approaches, yielding further reductions in conjunction.
The roles of collaborative professional development, self-efficacy, and positive affect in encouraging educator data use to aid student learning

ABSTRACT This research tests a hypothesized model that links collaborative data-use professional development experiences and successful use of student data to aid instruction. A serial, regression-based mediation model is tested (from professional development to self-efficacy, to positive affect, to successful use of data). Survey data from over 200 K–12 educators from across the United States were collected; the sample reflected a purposeful quota based on age and gender. The hypothesized model was supported. In all, the analyses demonstrate the importance of collaborative learning in professional development experiences related to use of student data. Professional development providers can use this knowledge to design more effective experiences. Similarly, school leaders and teacher coaches can use this knowledge to guide educators to experiences that are likely to result in the development of data-use skills to aid in classroom instruction.
Persistent spatial patterns of recruitment in a guild of Hawaiian coral reef fishes

We herein describe a long-term (22 consecutive yr, 1990 to 2011) time series of recruitment surveys for a guild of coral-sheltering fishes at 7 to 12 sites along a 26 km section of the west coast of Hawaii Island. For arc-eye hawkfish, the numerically dominant species, recruit- ment (defined as the contribution of young-of-year to the benthic population within several months after settlement from the water column) varied 7-fold among years averaged over sites. Nonetheless, recruitment also differed spatially, with sites along the Kohala Peninsula comprising a high recruitment group. Spatial differences were persistent (some sites predictably low, others predictably high) and generally lacked demonstrable variation over time. Complementary em - pirical data suggested that post-settlement processes (predation, interspecific competition) also affected recruitment. A dispersal model combined with currents from an oceanic circulation model (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model, HYCOM) was used to simulate the spatial patterns of settlement by larvae released throughout the main Hawaiian Islands. These simulations generally agreed with observed spatial patterns of recruitment. Greater recruitment was also predicted near geomorphological features (headlands) on Hawaii Island most influenced by the flow of surface eddy currents generated by prevailing E-NE trade winds. Empirical data and simulations together suggest that the headlands of west Hawaii Island likely enhance recruitment by intercepting or concentrating larvae at greater rates, but that post-settlement processes dampen variations in settlement. We suggest that habitat geomorphology should be considered in the criteria used to select sites for no-take Marine Protected Areas at Hawaii Island.
Effect of Mushroom Spent Compost in Combination with Fertilizer Application on Nutrient Uptake by Potato in Ultic Tropudalf

Application of the organic manures hada significant influence on nutrients uptake by potato at different growth stages. The tubers accumulated more nutrients while uptake by haulms declined with maturity. Application of farmyard manure (FYM) and mushroom spent compost (MSC) appreciably enhanced the N, Fe and Zn uptake which were almost comparable in their effects whereas the P uptake was significantly increased by FYM. MSC application significantly enhanced the uptake of K, Ca and Mg by potato shoot and Mn uptake by both shoot and tuber. All the manures were comparaole in tuber uptake of K, Ca and Mg.
Effect of transpiration on the physiological vitality of Zelkova serrata

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of suppressing transpiration on the physiological characteristics of trees and identify suitable indicators to assess tree vitality. Three seedlings of Zelkova serrata were used: a control, a unit treated on the upper sides of the leaves (TU), and a unit treated on double sides of the leaves (TD). Changes in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, sap velocity, and bark temperature following the suppression of transpiration were measured. The transpiration rate and other physiological characteristics of TU were not significantly different from those of the control except for photosynthetic rate. However, TD showed a significantly lower photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and sap velocity compared to the control. The bark temperature of TD was not significantly higher than that of the control and TU. Our findings indicate that photosynthetic rate and sap velocity were positively correlated with transpiration rate, whereas bark temperature was negatively correlated. Furthermore, photosynthetic rate showed the most significant linear relationship with transpiration rate, suggesting the photosynthetic rate is a suitable physiological indicator to evaluate the vitality of Z. serrata.
Taoheodon baizhijuni, gen. et sp. nov. (Anomodontia, Dicynodontoidea), from the Upper Permian Sunjiagou Formation of China and Its Implications

ABSTRACT Recently, Repelinosaurus robustus from Laos was proposed as the basal-most member of Kannemeyeriiformes and regarded as Early Triassic in age. A new dicynodont specimen from the Sunjiagou Formation of Shanxi, China, is described and named as Taoheodon baizhijuni, gen. et sp. nov. It is characterized by autapomorphies such as a shallow fossa on a triangular region at the proximal side of the postorbital bar, a basisphenoid contribution to the basisphenoid-basioccipital tubera that slopes anterodorsally at a shallow angle, and the absence of a pterygoid keel. It is further differentiated from other dicynodontoids by the combination of characters such as a narrow median pterygoid plate, a pterygoid that does not contact the maxilla, an occipital condyle that is wide and arc-like in posterior view, and without a circular central depression or fossa, and the lateral dentary shelf that is thin but with distinct dorsal and ventral surfaces. A phylogenetic analysis recovers T. baizhijuni as sister taxon of the Laotian Counillonia superoculis plus Repelinosaurus robustus, a ‘core-Dicynodon’ clade that includes species from Africa, Russia, China, and Laos. Based on the current phylogenetic and geological evidence, the Laotian dicynodonts should be late Permian rather than Early Triassic in age. The migration route of the Laotian clade should have passed through the east margin of the South China Block.
A home and rescue gene drive efficiently spreads and persists in populations

Homing based gene drives, engineered using CRISPR/Cas9, have been proposed to spread desirable genes into target populations. However, spread of such drives can be hindered by the accumulation of resistance alleles. To overcome this significant obstacle, we engineer an inherently confinable population modification Home-and-Rescue (HomeR) drive in Drosophila melanogaster that, by creative design, limits the accumulation of such alleles. We demonstrate that HomeR can achieve nearly ∼100% transmission enabling it to spread and persist at genotypic fixation in several multi-generational population cage experiments, underscoring its long term stability and drive potential. Finally, we conduct mathematical modeling determining HomeR can outperform contemporary gene drive architectures for population modification over wide ranges of fitness and transmission rates. Given its straightforward design, HomeR could be universally adapted to a wide range of species.
Telomerase expression prevents replicative senescence but does not fully reset mRNA expression patterns in Werner syndrome cell strains

Reduced replicative capacity is a consistent characteristic of cells derived from patients with Werner syndrome. This premature senescence is phenotypically similar to replicative senescence observed in normal cell strains and includes altered cell morphology and gene expression patterns. Telomeres shorten with in vitro passaging of both WRN and normal cell strains; however, the rate of shortening has been reported to be faster in WRN cell strains, and the length of telomeres in senescent WRN cells appears to be longer than that observed in normal strains, leading to the suggestion that senescence in WRN cell strains may not be exclusively associated with telomere effects. We report here that the telomere restriction fragment length in senescent WRN fibroblasts cultures is within the size range observed for normal fibroblasts strains and that the expression of a telomerase transgene in WRN cell strains results in lengthened telomeres and replicative immortalization, thus indicating that telomere effects are the predominant trigger of premature senescence in WRN cells. Microarray analyses showed that mRNA expression patterns induced in senescent WRN cells appeared similar to those in normal strains and that hTERT expression could prevent the induction of most of these genes. However, substantial differences in expression were seen in comparisons of early‐passage and telomerase‐immortalized derivative lines, indicating that telomerase expression does not prevent the phenotypic drift, or destabilized genotype, resulting from the WRN defect. —Choi, D. , Whittier, P. S. , Oshima, J., Funk, W. D. Telomerase expression prevents replicative senescence but does not fully reset mRNA expression patterns in Werner syndrome cell strains. FASEB J. 15, 1014–1020 (2001)
Interleukin 12 and antigen independently induce substance P receptor expression in T cells in murine schistosomiasis mansoni

Substance P (SP) regulates interferon‐? (IFN‐? ) production through interaction with the SP receptor NK1 (SPr) on T cells at sites of inflammation. Using murine schistosomiasis, we evaluated whether SPr expression was subject to immunoregulation. Splenocytes from schistosome‐infected mice cultured for =18 h did not express SPr, as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. However, exposure to schistosome egg antigen (SEA) for =4h induced strong receptor expression. Experiments using splenocytes fractionated with antibody‐coupled, para‐magnetic beads showed that induction localized exclusively to T cells. Receptor protein expression was confirmed with Western blot. Interleukin 12 (IL‐12) also induced strong T‐cell SPr expression. Both SEA and IL‐12 remained strong inducers of T‐cell SPr in lymphocytes from the IL‐12 (p40) and IFN‐? R doubleknockout mouse, which suggested that SEA did not require IL‐12 to induce SPr and that both worked independently of IFN‐? Splenocytes from wild‐type mice cultured with SEA and neutralizing anti‐IL‐12 monoclonal antibody (mAb) also showed SPr induction. However, anti‐Ia mAb inhibited SEA induction of SPr. Thus, SPr is inducible on T cells. SEA induces SPr through interaction with T‐cell receptor (TCR), independently of II‐12 and IFN‐? II‐12 induces SPr independently of TCR activation and IFN‐? expression. SP and its receptor, which regulate IFN‐? production, are probably part of the IL‐12‐Th1 circuit. —Blum, A. M. , Metwali, A. , Crawford, C. , Li, J., Qadir, K. , Elliott, D. E. , Weinstock, J. V. Interleukin 12 and antigen independently induce substance P receptor expression in T cells in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. FASEB J. 15, 950–957 (2001)
The Energetics of a Population of Leptopterna dolabrata (Heteroptera: Miridae)

There is little published information on annual production and energy flow in low density insect populations. Most natural populations are of low density and the present study deals with the production and energetics of Leptopterna dolabrata (L.), a mirid bug, with this characteristic. The lifecycle has been studied and the various stages described by Osborne (1918), Tullgren (1919), Garman (1926), Kullenberg (1946) and Jewett & Townsend (1947). Briefly L. dolabrata is univoltine, the eggs, laid in late June and early July, enter diapause at a very early stage of embryogenesis (Cobben 1968) and do not hatch until the following May. The nymphal stages are of short duration and adults first appear in mid-June. These mature in about 10 days and the females usually lay all their eggs into the bases of the grass stems within 24 h. The detailed numerical population data will be published in a separate paper.
Episodic and Chronic Migraine Headache: Breaking Down Barriers to Optimal Treatment and Prevention

Learning Objectives Upon proper completion of this activity, participants should be better able to: • Explain the difference between episodic and chronic migraine. • Interpret guidelines for providing preventive treatment to appropriate migraine patients. • Describe appropriate use of existing and forthcoming therapeutic options for migraine, including proper administration techniques. ISSN 0017-8748 doi: 10.1111/head.12505 Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Headache © 2015 American Headache Society
Neurologic recovery in systemic nontraumatic fat embolism syndrome in an elderly patient with hemoglobin SC disease: A case report

Cerebral fat embolism syndrome is an under‐recognized yet well‐known complication of bone marrow necrosis occurring in patients with sickle cell disease. We highlight a case manifested by multisystem organ failure in an elderly patient who attained neurologic recovery with prompt initiation of hematology consultation, RBC exchange, and supportive measures.