Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The rock physics model in the unconsolidated methane hydrate bearing sediments

It is well known that the methane hydrate exists below the sea floor over 500 m or the polar region under the frozen ground in the Earth. We made the cross-plot of the methane hydrate and Vp, Vs, or Vp/Vs from the well log data at the eastern Nankai Trough in Japan and the Mackenzie Delta in Canada. We found that as the methane hydrate saturation increases, Vp and Vs increase, and Vp/Vs decreases from these plots. We discussed the rock physics model of methane hydrate bearing layers. We calculated Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs as the function of the methane hydrate saturation, based on four imaginary rock physics model of methane hydrate bearing layers. From the comparison between the real well sonic data and the calculated data from four models, we inferred that the rock physics model of methane hydrate bearing layers was matrix-supporting model at both the eastern Nankai Trough and the Mackenzie Delta areas. However, there were some error and difference with the Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs from the matrix-supporting model and real well sonic data between the eastern Nankai Trough and the Mackenzie Delta. We estimated the effect of Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs for the change of clay content of matrix-supporting model. As the clay content decreases, the Vp and Vs increase, and Vp/Vs decreases. The clay content from well core data corresponds with the calculated Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs as the function of the methane hydrate saturation and the clay content from the matrix supporting model. In case of the estimation of methane hydrate saturation from Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs, we need to consider the geology, especially sand/clay ratio of the methane hydrate bearing layers.
Caddis-flies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Insect Limestone (Bembridge Marls, Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK

ABSTRACT The trichopteran assemblage of the Late Eocene Bembridge Marls is revised. six species in five genera and four families are identified, with four species and two genera described as new: (Beraeidae: Beraeodes vectensis Cockerell, 1921 and B. anglicus Cockerell, 1921; Phryganeidae: Bembridgea insularia gen. sp. nov.; Polycentropodidae: ? Plectrocnemia incompleta Sukatsheva, sp. nov.; Philopotamidae: Wormaldia longaeva Sukatsheva, sp. nov.; incertae familiae: Paleodicella anomala Sukatsheva, gen. sp. nov.). The assemblage is unique in being absolutely dominated by the generally uncommon family Beraeidae, and particularly by the single species Beraeodes vectensis. Except for a representative of ubiquitous Phryganaeidae, all the caddis-flies recorded apparently had oxy- and psychrophilous larvae confined to springs and cold streams (or else mosses near water), thus indicating the absence of fresh lakes or slow running waters near the depositional water body.
Education in Eastern Europe and Eurasia

Series Editor's Preface, Colin Brock Introduction: Educational Change, Transformation, Reforms - a Regional Overview, Nadiya Ivanenko (Kirovograd State Pedagogical University, Ukraine) Part I: Eastern Europe 1. Belarus: Music Education, Vadzim Yakaniuk (Belarus State Academy of Music, Belarus) 2. Moldova: Challenges and Opportunities, Elizabeth Worden (American University Washington D.C., USA) 3. Russia: The Governance of Education, Mikhail Lyamzin (Moscow State Linguistic University, Russia) 4. Russia: Distance Learning, Alexander Andreev (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia) 5. Russia: Music Education, Vladimir Orlov (Saint Petersburg State University, Russia) 6. Turkey: Education and Social Change - Inquiries into Curriculum Reform, Arnd-Michael Nohl (Helmut Schmidt University, Germany) and Nazli Somel, (Helmut Schmidt University, Germany) 7. Turkey: A Critical Perspective on Educational Leadership and Reform, Ozgur Bolat (Bahcesehir University, Turkey) 8. Turkey: An In-Depth Exploration of "FATIH" Project, Ayse Kok (Bogazici University, Turkey) 9. Ukraine: Issues in Educational History and Development, Margaryta Danilko (Kirovograd State Pedagogical University, Ukraine) 10. Ukraine: Pedagogy of Freedom as an Alternative to Traditional Education, Alla Rastrygina (Kirovograd State Pedagogical University, Ukraine) Part II: Eurasia 11. Armenia: Changes, Challenges and Priorities, Terra Sprague (University of Bristol, UK) and Christina Sargsyan (International Centre for Human Development, Armenia) 12. Azerbaijan: The Role of Teachers in Curriculum Reform, Iveta Silova (Lehigh University, USA), Elmina Kazimzade (Lehigh University, USA) and Yuliya Karimova (European Azerbaijan School, Azerbaijan) 13. Georgia: Marketization and Education Post-1991, Maia Chankseliani (University of Oxford, UK) 14. Israel: Socio-Historical Context and Current Issues, Yaacov Iram (Bar Ilan University, Israel) 15. Israel: Holocaust Education, Nitza Davidovitch (Ariel University Center of Samaria, Israel) Index
Nesting populations of sea turtle in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa

The current status of the nesting activity of sea turtles in lshigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, was investigated. It was revealed that the dominant nesting species was changing from loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, to green turtle, Chelonia mydas in the most of the southern part of Japan. The nesting populations were evaluated to be 10-20 females of C. mydas and 3-8 females of C. caretta, annually. On the average, C. mydas re-migrate to nest every 3.7 years. The total number of females in C. mydas nesting population in lshigaki was estimated to be 75 at most. The minimal estimation was 25, and in this case several females with low nest site fidelity were expected to migrate every year in addition.
The Influence of Wind on the Horizontal Distribution of Bloom-forming Cyanobacteria in Akanoi Bay, Lake Biwa

In the summer of 1995, bloom-forming cyanobacteria were observed on the surface of Akanoi Bay in the South Basin of Lake Biwa. During that summer season, the horizontal distribution of chlorophyll a concentration was measured, and the cell density of phytoplankton was counted microscopically. Two different horizontal distributions of the dominant bloom-forming cyanobacteria were observed under moderate wind conditions. The colonial cyanobacteria with aggregated filaments, Anabaena of iinis, and mucilaginous clumps of Microcystis aeruginosa tended to be transported horizontally by wind, while Planktothrix agardhii with solitary filaments did not. This suggests that different cyanobacteria species may be affected by wind in different ways due to their varying physiology or morphology.
Time-series Modelling of Groundwater Head and its De-composition to Historic Climate Periods

For many decades, throughout much of Australia, considerable public investment has been made in establishing and monitoring groundwater bores. To improve the value extracted from this data set, this paper presents a new, and statistically robust, hydrograph analysis method. It extends an existing transfer function-noise model by inclusion of a derived soil moisture state variable. It allows simulation of a groundwater hydrograph using only climate forcing and does not resort to, as per the HARTT model, adoption of an unexplained temporal trend or an assumption of first order stationary climate forcing. Furthermore, the contribution from historic climate can be decomposed into that from various historic periods to provide novel insight into catchment dynamics, trends and lags. Four variants of this model, plus HARTT, were applied to eleven observation bores from a paired catchment reafforestation study in Great Western, Victoria. The findings include: (i) the inclusion of a soil moisture component in the model significantly increased the predictive performance compared to the original transfer function-noise model; (ii) decomposition of the hydrograph can provide significant insight into temporal trends and lags; and (iii) no model could estimate the groundwater head change from reafforestation with sufficient statistical confidence. Overall, this time series model is an advance in the technical methodology and in the utilisation of groundwater data.
Migration and masquerade: gender and habitus in the Philippines

Globalization recreates translocalities from what were previously imagined as isolated, peripheral communities. In the Philippines, a remote indigenous community incorporates new practices of gender brought by female circular migrants from urban 'abroad'. Women 'doing gender' at a village fair map a novel habitus, reshaping senses of self and place. Their performances of gender mark changes in everyday gender practices and the lived experiences of locality.
Targeting the mRNA-binding protein HuR impairs malignant characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells

Post-transcriptional regulation is a powerful mediator of gene expression, and can rapidly alter the expression of numerous transcripts involved in tumorigenesis. We have previously shown that the mRNA-binding protein HuR (ELAVL1) is elevated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) specimens compared to normal pancreatic tissues, and its cytoplasmic localization is associated with increased tumor stage. To gain a better insight into HuR’s role in PDA biology and to assess it as a candidate therapeutic target, we altered HuR expression in PDA cell lines and characterized the resulting phenotype in preclinical models. HuR silencing by short hairpin and small interfering RNAs significantly decreased cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth, as well as impaired migration and invasion. In comparison, HuR overexpression increased migration and invasion, but had no significant effects on cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Importantly, two distinct targeted approaches to HuR silencing showed marked impairment in tumor growth in mouse xenografts. NanoString nCounter® analyses demonstrated that HuR regulates core biological processes, highlighting that HuR inhibition likely thwarts PDA viability through post-transcriptional regulation of diverse signaling pathways (e.g. cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair). Taken together, our study suggests that targeted inhibition of HuR may be a novel, promising approach to the treatment of PDA.
A STUDY ON MILLETS CULTIVATION IN KARUR DISTRICT OF TAMILNADU

The millets are a group of small-seeded species of cereal crops or grains, widely grown around the world for food and fodder. Millets have been important food staples in human history, particularly in the poor, semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. They grow in harsh environments where other crops do not grow well. Improvements in production, availability, nutritional content, storage and utilization technology for millets may significantly contribute to the household food security and nutrition of the inhabitants of these areas. Among rain fed crops, millets figure prominently. India is the largest producer of Many kinds of millets, which are often referred as coarse cereals. However, realizing the nutrient richness of these grains they are now considered as" nutria-cereals. Though they occupy relatively a lower position among feed crops in Indian agriculture, they are quite important from the point of food security at regional and farm level. They further contribute to the widening of food basket, which at present is narrow because of excessive dependence on a fewer food crops like rice and wheat. The millet grains are well known for their superior quality, nutritional security and human health. Millets are grown on poor shallow and marginal soils under rainfed conditions. Some of these are still grown in the hilly areas under shifting cultivation which is one of the most primitive ways of crop production. In this paper an attempt was made to improve the production and productivity of millets and make an awareness among the farmers to enhance the harvested area and increase consumption of millets grains in the study area and also in general.
Application of Hydrological and Limnological studies on Building Model for Water circulation of Meromictic Black Water Lakes at the Central Amazonia, Brazil

In the last decade, hydrological and limnological studies were conducted in a black-water lake aiming to develop a model of water circulation to meromictic lakes from Negro River basin at the Brazilian Central Amazonian. Parameters as temperature, euphotic zone (Z eu ), attenuation coefficient (K), density, oxygen and morphometry were measured daily. Z eu and K proved somewhat constant throughout the hydrological year. In the low waters periods were observed a theoretical mean residence time of water of about 150 days. The meromixis condition was observed with continuous physical and chemical stratification in all hydrological cycle, showing a hypolimnion very defined. The thermal stability was explained by the distinction densities between upper and lower strata, with bottom water flux from forest-rivers. The morphometry of the lake and presence of a flooded forest surrounding, were important factors in reducing wind action on the water column, reducing the effect of stimulating the circulation and stratification process.
The contribution of archaeological plant remains in tracing the cultural history of Mediterranean trees: The example of the Roman harbour of Neapolis

In this paper, we present a detailed record of the plant remains recovered on the palaeo-seafloors of Neapolis harbour, spanning ≈700 years, between the 2nd century BC and the 5th century AD, thus intersecting the entire Roman Imperial Age. The site preserved many cultivated or cultivable plant remains, especially from food related trees. This particular feature provided the opportunity to reconstruct the puzzling history of planting them and the Roman economy, especially with respect to food production, the market and to dietary habits. The evidence suggests that Prunus persica, Castanea sativa, Juglans regia and Pinus pinea were locally grown all along the investigated period, testifying for a well advanced arboriculture. A broad presence of P. pinea cones could be related to their large use as stoppers for amphorae which probably was among the driving force for planting it actually influencing its original range. The seafarers had extensive access to dry fruit such as walnut, hazelnut and chestnut that for its imperishable nature and the high energy density, would probably have been part of the food-stocks of the galleys. Chestnut consumption, attested throughout the entire period in the harbour, represents the first strong archaeobotanical evidence of chestnut as food in the Western Mediterranean in Roman time. This evidence shed light on the cultural-social significance of these fruits that was probably eaten mainly or almost exclusively by low social classes. The exceptional find of Hyphaene thebaica for the first time outside its native range is also reported.
This information is current as Pathway To Drive Th 17 Differentiation Induction of the Nuclear Orphan Receptor Calcium Signaling via Orai 1 Is Essential for Waschek and Yousang Gwack

Orai1 is the pore subunit of Ca 2+ release–activated Ca 2+ (CRAC) channels that stimulate downstream signaling pathways crucial for T cell activation. CRAC channels are an attractive therapeutic target for alleviation of autoimmune diseases. Using high-throughput chemical library screening targeting Orai1, we identified a novel class of small molecules that inhibit CRAC channel activity. One of these molecules, compound 5D, inhibited CRAC channel activity by blocking ion permeation. When included during differentiation, Th17 cells showed higher sensitivity to compound 5D than Th1 and Th2 cells. The selectivity was attributable to high dependence of promoters of retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan receptors on the Ca 2+-NFAT pathway. Blocking of CRAC channels drastically decreased recruitment of NFAT and histone modifications within key gene loci involved in Th17 differentiation. The impairment in Th17 differentiation by treatment with CRAC channel blocker was recapitulated in Orai1-deficient T cells, which could be rescued by exogenous expression of retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan receptors or a consti-tutive active mutant of NFAT. In vivo administration of CRAC channel blockers effectively reduced the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppression of differentiation of inflammatory T cells. These results suggest that CRAC channel blockers can be considered as chemical templates for the development of therapeutic agents to suppress inflammatory responses. S timulation of TCR evokes Ca 2+ entry via Ca 2+ release– activated Ca 2+ (CRAC) channels (1). An increase in in-tracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i) induces proliferation and cytokine production in immune cells by activation of downstream target molecules including NFAT (2). The Ca 2+-bound calmodulin/calcineurin protein phosphatase complex de-phosphorylates heavily phosphorylated, cytoplasmic NFAT, which, in turn, translocates into the nucleus and turns on various transcriptional programs. Orai1 was identified as the pore component of CRAC channels by genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) high-throughput screens (3–6). Human patients with a homozygous missense mutation in ORAI1 suffer from lethal SCID (5). Earlier, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) was identified as an important signaling molecule in the CRAC channel pathway using limited RNAi screens (7, 8). TCR stimulation induces phospholipase C g–mediated depletion of endoplasmic re-ticulum (ER) Ca 2+ stores. STIM1 senses ER Ca 2+ depletion via its EF hands and translocates into the ER–plasma membrane (PM) junctions to activate Orai1, thereby causing a sustained increase in [Ca 2+ ] i (7, 9, 10). This sequential activation mechanism was termed store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) because depletion of ER Ca 2+ stores precedes CRAC …
EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON OCCURRENCE AND SEVERITY OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS ( BYDV ) IN DIFFERENT WHEAT CULTIVARS

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is considered as the most important viral disease of cereal crops in several Asian countries including Iran. Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of planting date on naturally occurring barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) incidence in different wheat genotypes. The experimental design was a split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block with three replications. Eight seeding dates (SD) at one month intervals were assigned to main plots. Fourteen cultivars (Twelve bread wheat, one durum wheat and one triticale cultivar) were subplots that randomized within each main plot. The effect of sowing date, cultivar and the interaction between sowing date and cultivar grain yield and KTW was statistically significant. Our results indicated that wheat genotypes showed different level of BYDV infection in different sowing dates. There was a high correlation between the growth habit and the level of BYDV severity. In general, the spring wheat cultivars, except the durum cultivar, Behrang, showed more BYDV infection than the winter cultivars. Most of the susceptible cultivars showed their highest level of infection in the first sowing date. Our results demonstrated the role of planting date in the level of BYDV infection and can be used to recommend modifying the sowing dates as a means to escape the disease in the BYDV hot spot regions.
Relationship between rice grain quality traits and starch pasting properties using early maturing rice cultivars in Chungnam plain area

This study was conducted to know the variation and relationship of rice grain quality and starch pasting properties by transplanting times. Two early maturing rice cultivars which accounted for the most area of early maturing rice cultivar in Chungnam province were used. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. The main plot consisted of three transplanting times viz. early (April 25), ordinary (May 25) and late (June 25) with sub-plots containing two cultivars. According to the transplanting times, most of rice grain quality and starch pasting properties showed significant difference and Joami showed higher grain quality than Unkwang in all transplanting times. Especially, rice grain quality was improved when transplanted late, showing high head rice and glossiness of cooked rice due to the lower mean temperature during grain filling stage. Glossiness of cooked rice was positively correlated with head rice ratio, amylose content and setback value, and negatively correlated with chalky rice ratio and protein content. The highest positive and negative correlation were observed between breakdown value and peak viscosity (r = 0.98**), and breakdown and setback (r = -0.94**), respectively. These results provide some information for rice researchers and producers producing cultivars with an improved quality, suggesting that rice quality is highly influenced by temperature at grain filling stage, and transplanting times is crucial in improving rice quality. In addition, starch pasting properties are useful for determining rice quality because rice grain quality and starch pasting properties are dependent on each other.
The development of novel automated technology to measure trace gas fluxes from agricultural systems

Anthropogenic climate change is driven by increasing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and the three biogenic GHGs with the greatest effect on radiative forcing are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). One mitigation strategy is to substitute fossil fuels with biomass-derived energy, so a thorough understanding of the GHG budget of energy crop production is needed. Agriculture’s biggest contribution to GHG emissions is N2O as a consequence of nitrogenous (N) fertiliser applications. Here two different novel automated systems, SkyBeam and SkyLine, are presented, capable of measuring net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2, CH4 and N2O on a near-continuous basis. Unlike micrometeorological methods, SkyBeam and SkyLine resolve to the plot scale, enabling manipulative experimentation to further understanding GHG fluxes. In fully replicated experiments, the effects on GHG of compost addition and different N fertiliser types were investigated in Miscanthus x giganteus and oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus). A further comparison of soil GHG flux under a Miscanthus field and a conventional arable field was made using flux chambers. N2O made a major contribution to the GHG balance in the arable field (14% total soil flux) and from the OSR, where it reduced the GHG sink by ca. 50%. N2O flux was not a significant factor in Miscanthus, though compost addition increased N2O emission. Miscanthus was a net GHG source, attributed to CO2 emissions resulting from ploughing. Soil fluxes of N2O and CH4 were greater than those including vegetation. Strong diurnal patterns were seen in all three GHGs measured, and these differed between crops. N2O showed uptake during the day and emission at night from Miscanthus, whereas N2O emissions were largest during the day from OSR. Diurnal peaks in soil respiration occurred at 15.00 under barley (Hordeum vulgare) at and under Miscanthus at 20.00. Continuous measurements are vital to characterise the diurnal pattern of GHG flux, or can be used to direct appropriately-timed daily measurements to calculate GHG budgets.