Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exclusive Breastfeeding Knowledge of HIV Positive mothers and Associated Factors in Selected Health Institution of West Oromia, Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, breastfeeding is a norm and essential for child survival. However, the pandemic HIV/AIDS and the recognition that HIV positive mothers can transmit the virus to their babies through breast milk precipitated a terrible public health dilemma in countries like Ethiopia where incidences of HIV is high. This paper aimed to assess the EBF knowledge of HIV positive mothers and associated factors in a selected health institution of West Oromia (Ethiopia). Results showed that the knowledge of EBF among HIV positive mothers. Significantly high proportion, 86.4% and 65.3% of the study participants had the knowledge on the benefits of exclusively breastfeeding and its protective role against disease in infant respectively. Similarly, the majority (80.5%) of the study participants had knowledge that breast milk alone is enough for six months. The study identified that educational level, occupation, mode of delivery had statistically significant with knowledge of HIV positive mothers on EBF (p<0.05). In other way this study showed that family size of the respondents had statistical association with knowledge of EBF (P<0.01). Of the assumed associated factors considered in this study, HIV positive mothers whose educational level were secondary school were about 11.5 times more likely had knowledge about EBF than the other educational level (AOR=11.525, 95%CI: 1.408-94.340). Moreover, mothers who attended their delivery mode by caesarean section were 4.928 times more likely had knowledge about EBF than mothers who delivered by natural delivery (AOR=4.928, 95%CI: 1.206-20.128).
COMPARISON OF ANTISEPTIC EFFECT OF DECOSEPT AND POVIDIN IODINE ON HAND SKIN NORMAL FLORA

One of the most common ways for infectious pathogens transmission is dermal contact as the surgeons and particularly ophthalmologists are exposed with infected disease, the use of highly effective detergent with lower side effect is recommended. We compare the antiseptic effect of decosept and povidin iodine on hand skin normal flora. Materials and Methods: In a cross – over interventional study, 30 surgeons and operating room personnels were enrolled. Before and after hand washing with betadine sampling for culture was performed. After 3 weeks, this process was repeated, before and after handwashing by Decosept. Data were analyzed by using T-test, chi-square and fisher exact test. Results: Before use of betadine, 40% of culture results were positive, and after hand washing by bethadine this value is reduced to 20% (p=0.09). Before and after use of decosept for hand washing, positive culter results were 33% and 3% respectively. This difference is significant (p=0.002). Conclusion: We conclude that the antiseptic effect of decosept is higher than betadine.
Targeting of OVC Beneficiary Households in Kisumu County, Kenya

The number of orphans and vulnerable children has continued to grow in sub-Saharan Africa due to Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome, war, conflicts and other natural disasters. There are several OVC programmes that target OVC in order to provide support and care. This paper reviews the targeting procedures used for OVC beneficiary households in Kisumu County, Kenya. An evaluative and Survey research designs were used to collect data through questionnaires, focus group discussions and Key informant interviews from 384 caregivers and 6 key informants. The study found that both the government and NGO programmes had a targeting criteria and involved local leaders. However, the NGO did not involve community members In targeting and validation of beneficiary households. The study found there were ineligible households enrolled on the programmes ranging from 25.5% to 60.5% and exclusion of deserving households ranging from 81.8% to 96.4% respectively. The study recommends that a policy on management of programmes should make instruments of community targeting mandatory.
clinician-patient alliance and communication on treatment adherence in mental health care: a systematic review

Background: Nonadherence to mental health treatment incurs clinical and economic burdens. The clinician-patient alliance, negotiated through clinical interaction, presents a critical intervention point. Recent medical reviews of communication and adherence behaviour exclude studies with psychiatric samples. The following examines the impact of clinician-patient alliance and communication on adherence in mental health, identifying the specific mechanisms that mobilise patient engagement. Methods: In December 2010, a systematic search was conducted in Pubmed, PsychInfo, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase and Cinahl and yielded 6672 titles. A secondary hand search was performed in relevant journals, grey literature and reference. Results: 23 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. The methodological quality overall was moderate. 17 studies reported positive associations with adherence, only four of which employed intervention designs. 10 studies examined the association between clinician-patient alliance and adherence. Subjective ratings of clinical communication styles and messages were assessed in 12 studies. 1 study examined the association between objectively rated communication and adherence. Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity of methods. Findings were presented as a narrative synthesis. Conclusions: Clinician-patient alliance and communication are associated with more favourable patient adherence. Further research of observer rated communication would better facilitate the application of findings in clinical practice. Establishing agreement on the tasks of treatment, utilising collaborative styles of communication and discussion of treatment specifics may be important for clinicians in promoting cooperation with regimens. These findings align with those in health communication. However, the benefits of shared decision making for adherence in mental health are less conclusive than in general medicine.
Patient reported outcomes in elderly patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Slovenia

The aim of this thesis was to measure patient reported outcomes, such as health related quality of life and general diabetes knowledge of elderly diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) patients in Slovenia. Patient reported outcomes demonstrate patient perspectives when evaluating the delivery of care. In Slovenia, a new, multidisciplinary model of chronic care was introduced in 2011, which yet needs to demonstrate the efficiency, care improvement and cost reduction. Thus, another aim of the study was to research if multidisciplinary teams in diabetes care are economically viable. To achieve the above, the study was divided into 4 subprojects. Firstly, the general level of diabetes knowledge of elderly DMT2 patients (n=179) was measured. Secondly, the reliability and validity of generic, European Quality of Life5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), and disease specific, Audit on Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL ) instruments were examined. Thirdly, health related quality of life of elderly diabetic patients (n=285) was assessed. Fourthly, the systematic literature review on the cost-effectiveness of multidisciplinary teams was conducted. The data were collected during the period 2011–2012. The main contributions of the current thesis can be summarised as follows: This was the first study to measure general diabetes knowledge of elderly DMT2 patients in Slovenia. The results showed that the place of living does not have an impact neither on diabetes knowledge nor the health related quality of life of these patients. Secondly, a pioneering example of measuring health related quality of life (HRQoL) in elderly diabetic patients in Slovenia, using a validated and reliable instrument (ADDQoL) was provided. A study to evaluate the relationships between diabetic and other co-existing chronic medical conditions on health related quality of life was performed. As part of that study, the reliability and validity of the instruments (EQ-5D and ADDQoL) were measured, and the analysis showed that both instruments are reliable. Thirdly, a systematic way of finding evidence for understanding the cost-effectiveness of multidisciplinary teams was applied. The results of the literature review show weak improvements in the economic outcomes. In general, the thesis contributes to the improved understanding of patient reported outcomes in elderly diabetic patients, which can be a measure in assessing diabetes care program in Slovenia, and offers a basis for a national evaluation of the Model Practices. Furthermore, patient reported outcomes of elderly diabetic patients is important to Slovenian decision makers to identify and implement appropriate interventions for achieving better management of diabetes and ultimately improving the quality of life of diabetes patients.
Remember When: Alumni Involvement and Meaning Making Impacted by Perceptions of Traditions Culture in Higher Education

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of traditions culture on alumni involvement and meaning making. Through a transcendental phenomenological design, this study investigated traditions at a small, faith-based, liberal arts institution in the Midwest from the perspective of alumni. This exploratory research was guided by the following questions: How have traditions impacted the meaning alumni made of their college experience and their personal identity? How do traditions influence the current involvement of alumni with their institution? Key findings from this study include an understanding of traditions defined from an alumni perspective, the benefits alumni perceive from engaging traditions, relationships between continued alumni involvement and traditions, and a rich description of meaning alumni derived from involvement with traditions. Alumni described the essence of traditions as aspects of culture, which are “transmitted,” “engaged,” “continuous,” and “unifying. ” The research produced an increased understanding of campus traditions and informed practitioners to encourage involvement in traditions, cautiously intervene with traditions, remain mindful of alumni as part of the campus communities, and view traditions as a developmental opportunity for the alumni community. Campus traditions shape individuals throughout their lives.
A study on transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs), transfusion-related complications, and quality of life among the beta-thalassemia major patients in Jamnagar district -

Background: Thalassemia is considered the most common genetic disorder worldwide. The condition affects economical and psychosocial quality of life of whole family broadly. It is a serious public health issue throughout Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia. Objective: (1) To study the prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) in patients of beta-thalassemia major who are on transfusion therapy, (2) to assess the complications of iron overload and complications owing to chelation therapy, and (3) to study psychosocial and economic burden on patients’ family. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Thalassemia ward of Pediatric Department from December 2010 to December 2011. All the patients of beta thalassemia major on blood transfusion therapy were included in the study. Preformed, pretested questionnaire was used to interview the patients and their caretakers. Data entry and analysis were done using Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS software, version 17. Result: Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) was 3.95%, 2.25%, and 2.25%, respectively. Six in every 10 patients ever have experienced from blood transfusion reactions. Almost 40% patients had left the studies owing to illness or they have not gone to school ever. Conclusion: Even after introduction of sensitive screening test, prevalence of TTIs is more in patients than general population. Quality of life is affected economically and psychosocially.
Vehicle Insurance Model Using Telematics System with Improved Machine Learning Techniques: A Survey

Received: 23 May 2019 Accepted: 8 August 2019 In the field of vehicle insurance, the current models for premium calculation and charging are not friendly to end users. Many important parameters are not considered in these models, such as mileage, driving conduct and road type. This paper designs a vehicle insurance model based on telematics system and machine learning. With telematics system as the foundation, the key of the model construction is to select a suitable algorithm to assess the driving style of the driver, which is an important influencing factor of the car crash likelihood. Deep learning techniques like artificial neural network (ANN), Bayesian network and fuzzy logic were examined, and combined with block chain technology to improve the premium calculation based on driving style. The effectiveness of the established model was fully analyzed, providing a novel angle to premium calculation of vehicle insurance.
MX BIO ADJUVANT FOR ENHANCING IMMUNE RESPONSES AGAINST INFLUENZA VIRUS

Background: In the last decade due to emerge and remerge of influenza viruses, quality improvement of vaccines to increase immune responses in target populations have been more necessary. The potential of biologic adjuvant to stimulate and induce immune sys-tem is the basis of modern researches in prevention and controlling program of infec-tious diseases. In this study, the effect of the coding sequence of cellular Myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein as a biological adjuvant for inducing humoral immune response against influenza virus was investigated. Methods: The experimental study was performed on Balb/c mice in Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute from June to November 2014. Three conserved motifs of Mx were selected following sequence alignment between human, mouse and bird species. Potential of the motifs for stimulation immune responses against influenza virus were evaluated using in silico analysis. Based on the immune informatics data Mx1 sequence was the best immune inducer and cloned into pcDNA3.1 vector. Then formulated with inactivated H9N2 influenza antigen as adjuvant and injected to mice groups. The sera of vaccinated mice were collected prior to priming and boosting injections and also at defined weeks and analyzed with serological assays. Histopathological examination was done for evaluation of the vaccine and adjuvant safety. Results: The mean weight of the Balb/c mice in all control and treatment groups was similar and ranged from 21 to 37 gr (P= 0.05). The difference in increasing antibody titers against influenza virus in immunized mice who received Mx1-adjuvanted vaccine especially in second boosting was significant (P= 0.01) compared to the vaccine alone group. More than 78% of the immunized mice receiving two-time boosting have the mean antibody titer of >6 (Log 2 ) which was higher (P= 0.001) comparing to the mice with one booster injection. Conclusion: These data revealed that Mx1 as biological adjuvant was able to increase antibody titer and induction memory immune responses against influenza immunization without causing any side effects.
RELIABILITY OF AASHTO DESIGN EQUATION FOR PREDICTING PERFORMANCE OF FLEXIBLE AND RIGID PAVEMENTS IN OHIO. FINAL REPORT

The AASHTO pavement design procedures were developed as a result of the AASHO Road Test conducted in the late '50s and early '60s. The developed design methods are empirical and relate pavement performance measurements and the loss of serviceability directly to the traffic volume and loading characteristics, the modulus of subgrade reaction, layer coefficients, and environmental factors that were present at the road site. The resulting design equations have been generalized to make them applicable to broader sets of design variables. In the 1986 AASHTO design guide, the equations were enhanced to include design reliability, the resilient modulus of the subgrade soil, material variability and drainability, and construction quality. Further, the design guide permits the user to use overall standard deviations applicable to the local conditions. These values of standard deviation are used to determine the reliability design factors. Large values of standard deviation result in pavement designed at a higher level of reliability than supposed. Therefore, any uncertainty in standard deviation will result in uncertainty in the reliability level. Since the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) has adopted the AASHTO design equations for new pavement design, it was considered needful to conduct a research study that would determine the deviations in traffic and performance prediction parameters and the overall standard deviations applicable to Ohio conditions. Pavement test sites were selected to represent the statewide distribution of pavement designs in Ohio, characterized by such factors as material type, functional classification, and different climatic and soil regions. Continuous traffic data collection was accomplished by the use of weigh-in-motion devices. Pavement serviceability index (PSI) was measured by Ohio noncontact profilometer. Core samples were obtained and several laboratory tests were conducted to determine the as-constructed material properties and variability of the design input parameters. Comparison of predicted and observed performances based on approximately four years of data indicated that AASHTO equation does not predict the performance of flexible pavements in Ohio. The predicted and the observed performance for rigid pavement sites were essentially the same that is no change in the observed and the predicted PSI, however, these observations were based on short term performance data. The overall variance estimates for flexible and rigid pavements were, however, not obtained due to lack in the change of performance data for most sections.
TUBERCULOSIS PROGRAM EVALUATION IN ISFAHAN 1 DISTRICT

Background:Tuberculosis (TB) is in the 7th grade according to Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) and will stay in this grade until 2020. In the developing countries, 25% of preventable deaths are due to tuberculosis, 75% of them occurs in producing people . The main reason of this outcome is ineffective national programs for tuberculosis surveillance in the countries. Therefore, periodic program evaluation of tuberculosis surveillance would be essential. Methods: This was a Health system research (program evaluation) study that has been conducted in Isfahan 1 district, according to Health Providing System deviding (2005-2006). Data were collected from epidemiologic forms sent to Isfahan provincial health center. All samples were analyzed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software. The outcome and process indices were computed and compared with standards. Findings: The computed indices in 2005 and 2006 were as case detection rate (CDR) 90% and 77%, incidence of smear-positive cases per 100000 population 2.28 and 1.11, conversion rate 87.5% and 81%, cure rate 77.5% and 56%, completion rate 2.5% and 2%, success rate 80% and 58%, failure rate 2.5% and 4%, respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed that there is a gap between newâ€“case incidence of smear positive lung tuberculosis, cure rate, success rate and the standards. This reveals a problem in accomplishment of tuberculosis surveillance program and continuous monitoring of this program will lead to improvement the indices. Key words: Tuberculosis, Evaluation, Iran.
Further characterization of six miniSTR loci in the Han population from China

Objective To describe the characteristics of two miniplex sets: NC01 (D10S1248, D14S1434 and D22S1045), which was recommended by EDNAP/ENFSI, and a new miniplex one (D2S2944, D18S872 and D19S591). Methods DNA was extracted using the Chelex-100 extraction method. The products were genotyped by ABI PRISM® 310 Genetic Analyzer and the results were analyzed with GeneScan 3.7 and GenoTyper 3.7 software. Results All loci meet Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The combined power of discrimination for the six loci in Chinese population was 0.9999 and the cumulative probability of exclusion was 0.9793. We also compared the sequencing data of NC01 with other different ethic groups. Conclusion Two miniplex sets were constructed. These miniSTR makers have different characteristics in different ethic groups.
Near-Real Time Automatic Snow Avalanche Activity Monitoring System Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data in Norway

Knowledge of the spatio-temporal occurrence of avalanche activity is critical for avalanche forecasting. We present a near-real time automatic avalanche monitoring system that outputs detected avalanche polygons within roughly 10 min after Sentinel-1 SAR data are download. Our avalanche detection algorithm has an average probability of detection (POD) of 67.2% with a false alarm rate (FAR) averaging 45.9, with a maximum POD of over 85% and a minimum FAR of 24.9% compared to manual detection of avalanches. The high variability in performance stems from the dynamic nature of snow in the Sentinel-1 data. After tuning parameters of the detection algorithm, we processed five years of Sentinel-1 images acquired over a 150 × 100 km large area in Northern Norway, with the best setup. Compared to a dataset of field-observed avalanches, 77.3% were manually detectable. Using these manual detections as benchmark, the avalanche detection algorithm achieved an accuracy of 79% with high POD in cases of medium to large wet snow avalanches. For the first time, we present a dataset of spatio-temporal avalanche activity over several winters from a large region. Currently, the Norwegian Avalanche Warning Service is using our processing system for pre-operational use in three regions in Norway.
VAPOR, LIQUID, AND TWO-PHASE TRACERS FOR GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS

Several new tracers have been developed over the last decade and a half for the purpose of tracking steam, liquid, and two-phase flow derived from injected fluid. In addition to a tracer's traditional role of identifying injection-production flow paths, its specific properties can be used to elucidate and quantify certain reservoir properties and processes. In this paper I review and discuss recent developments in tracer research, which range from new gas tracers to methods for calculating the effective temperature, surface area, or boiling parameters from tracer test data.