Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bpp Has Subexponential Time Simulations Unless Exptime Has Publishable Proofs

We show that BPP can be simulated in subexponential time for innnitely many input lengths unless exponential time collapses to the second level of the polynomial-time hierarchy, has polynomial-size circuits and has publishable proofs (EXPTIME = MA). We also show that BPP is contained in subexponential time unless exponential time has publishable proofs for innnitely many input lengths. In addition, we show BPP can be simulated in subexponential time for innnitely many input lengths unless there exist unary languages in MAP. The proofs are based on the recent characterization of the power of multiprover interactive protocols and on random self-reducibility via low-degree polynomials. They exhibit an interplay between Boolean circuit simulation, interactive proofs and classical complexity classes. An important feature of this proof is that it does not relativize. One of the ingredients of our proof is a lemma that states that if EXPTIME has polynomial size circuits then EXPTIME = MA. This extends previous work by Albert Meyer.
Evaluation of Container Technologies for an Embedded Linux Device

Application containers have become a popular method of deploying software during recent years. Containers are used to virtualize and isolate applications from the underlying host system which provides various benefits, such as increased security and portability. However, containers also introduce overhead to the system which might be a problem in embedded systems, where the availability of computational resources is limited. The goal of this thesis was to recommend an application container technology to be used in an embedded Linux device. In order to reach this goal, four container technologies were chosen to be evaluated by executing tests and measuring the caused overhead by each technology. Additionally, the security and usability of each technology was evaluated. The technologies chosen for evaluation were Docker, balenaEngine, LXC and Flatpak. The testing was carried out using a well-known embedded device Raspberry Pi 4. The results showed that while there were some differences between the tested technologies, in most cases the amount of overhead introduced was relatively small. Furthermore, no major issues were found in terms of security or usability with any of the four technologies.
Ultrahigh bandwidth optical neural networks, data transmission and microwave RF photonics with soliton crystal Kerr microcombs

We report ultrahigh bandwidth applications of Kerr microcombs to optical neural networks and to optical data transmission, at data rates from 44 Terabits/s (Tb/s) to approaching 100 Tb/s. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a powerful category of artificial neural networks that can extract the hierarchical features of raw data to greatly reduce the network complexity and enhance the accuracy for machine learning tasks such as computer vision, speech recognition, playing board games and medical diagnosis [1-7]. Optical neural networks can dramatically accelerate the computing speed to overcome the inherent bandwidth bottleneck of electronics. We use a new and powerful class of micro-comb called soliton crystals that exhibit robust operation and stable generation as well as a high intrinsic efficiency with an extremely low spacing of 48.9 GHz. We demonstrate a universal optical vector convolutional accelerator operating at 11 Tera-OPS/s (TOPS) on 250,000 pixel images for 10 kernels simultaneously — enough for facial image recognition. We use the same hardware to sequentially form a deep optical CNN with ten output neurons, achieving successful recognition of full 10 digits with 900 pixel handwritten digit images. We also report world record high data transmission over standard optical fiber from a single optical source, at 44.2 Terabits/s over the C-band, with a spectral efficiency of 10.4 bits/s/Hz, with a coherent data modulation format of 64 QAM. We achieve error free transmission across 75 km of standard optical fiber in the lab and over a field trial with a metropolitan optical fiber network. Our work demonstrates the ability of optical soliton crystal micro-combs to exceed other approaches in performance for the most demanding practical optical communications applications.
A post-mortem on economic outlook projections

This paper reviews the accuracy of the OECD Economic Outlook projections — both “current year” and “year ahead” — for output growth, inflation and current account balances (as a percentage of GDP) for the major seven countries, as well as projections for world trade growth. The sample period differs somewhat between the variables, depending on data availability, but it runs until 1998 in all cases. Several evaluation criteria were used to assess the accuracy of the OECD Economic Outlook projections. These include an inspection of projection error summary statistics; comparisons with “naive” alternative forecasts; statistical tests for unbiasedness and efficiency; and testing for directional accuracy. In addition, the paper provides an examination of the performance of OECD Economic Outlook projections over different time periods. The findings suggest that, on the basis of the conventional statistical criteria, the current year projections outperform the year ahead projections . Cet article analyse la precision des previsions pour l’annee courante et pour l’annee suivante des Perspectives Economiques de l’OCDE pour la croissance du PIB, l’inflation, et la balance courante (en pourcentage du PIB) pour les 7 pays les plus importants, aussi que les previsions pour la croissance du commerce international. La periode d’analyse varie selon la variable en question, en fonction de la disponibilite des donnees, jusqu’en 1998 dans tous les cas. Plusieurs criteres ont ete utilises pour evaluer la precision des previsions, y compris les statistiques d’erreur de projection, les comparaisons avec des previsions “naives”, les tests statistiques de biais et d’efficience, et les tests de validite directionnelle. En outre, l’article examine la performance des previsions des Perspectives Economiques de l’OCDE sur differentes periodes de temps. Les resultats montrent que, basees sur des criteres statistiques conventionnels, les previsions pour l’annee courante sont .
Recognition of strong seasonality and climatic cyclicity in an ancient, fluvially dominated, tidally influenced point bar: Middle McMurray Formation, Lower Steepbank River, north‐eastern Alberta, Canada

Inclined heterolithic stratification in the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation, exposed along the Steepbank River in north‐eastern Alberta, Canada, accumulated on point bars of a 30 to 40 m deep continental‐scale river in the fluvial–marine transition. This inclined heterolithic stratification consists of two alternating lithologies, sand and fine‐grained beds. Sand beds were deposited rapidly by unidirectional currents and contain little or no bioturbation. Fine‐grained beds contain rare tidal structures, and are intensely bioturbated by low‐diversity ichnofossil assemblages. The alternations between the sand and fine‐grained beds are probably caused by strong variations in fluvial discharge; that are believed to be seasonal (probably annual) in duration. The sand beds accumulated during river floods, under fluvially dominated conditions when the water was fresh, whereas the fine‐grained beds accumulated during the late stages of the river flood and deposition continued under tidally influenced brackish‐water conditions during times of low‐river flow (i.e. the interflood periods). These changes reflect the annual migration in the positions of the tidal and salinity limits within the fluvial–marine transition that result from changes in river discharge. Sand and fine‐grained beds are cyclically organized in the studied outcrops forming metre‐scale cycles. A single metre‐scale cycle is defined by a sharp base, an upward decrease in sand‐bed thickness and upward increases in the preservation of fine‐grained beds and the intensity of bioturbation. Metre‐scale cycles are interpreted to be the product of a longer term (decadal) cyclicity in fluvial discharge, probably caused by fluctuations in ocean or solar dynamics. The volumetric dominance of river‐flood deposits within the succession suggests that accumulation occurred in a relatively landward position within the fluvial–marine transition. This study shows that careful observation can reveal much about the interplay of processes within the fluvial–marine transition, which in turn provides a powerful tool for determining the palaeo‐environmental location of a deposit within the fluvial–marine transition.
Literary Translation: Quest for Artistic Integrity

Is it realistic to expect great literature of one language to be re-presented artistically intact in another language? Literary Translation: Quest for Artistic Integrity is a systematic delineation of a practical approach toward that seemingly idealist aim. A summing up of a career devoted to the study of literary translation enriched with the experience of translating between several languages, it offers a clear and thorough exposition of the theory behind Professor Jin's monumental achievement in producing a worthy Chinese Ulysses, illustrated with a profusion of enlightening and instructive examples not only from his own work, but also from that of many others, including some world-famous translators. This makes Literary Translation an invaluable reference to translators of literature between almost any pair of languages, not just Chinese and English. It will also be of considerable interest to teachers and critics of twentieth-century literature in English, to students of Modernism, to researchers in comparative literature and in comparative culture, and to teachers of language.
Explosive volcanic eruptions—VII. The ranges of pyroclasts ejected in transient volcanic explosions.

An earlier treatment of the motions of pyroclasts produced in discrete volcanic explosions assumed that clasts were ejected into a stationary atmosphere. We argue here that the air in the vicinity of an explosion site will itself be moving radially away from the source with a speed comparable to that of the clasts, especially at early times after the start of the motion. As a result, the initial relative velocity of clasts and air will be small. In the earlier treatment this relative velocity was inevitably large, leading to an overestimate of the atmospheric drag force at early times and a consequent underestimate of the final clast range. We set up a simple model of the explosion process which allows us to link the initial clast and air velocities and to find an approximation to the subsequent air flow field. Integration of the equations of motion for clasts with a wide range of sizes, densities, initial speeds and initial elevation angles allows the ranges of these clasts to be found. Clast range data from three documented explosive eruptions are re-analysed to yield initial velocities, and the implications of these velocities for pre-explosion pressure conditions are discussed.
Air and Ground Temperature Variations Observed along Elevation and Continentality Gradients in Southern Norway

The coupling between air and ground temperatures in the mountains of southern Norway was examined using 12 shallow boreholes drilled in August 2008. Three borehole arrays (at Juvvass, Jetta and Tron), each with boreholes at different elevations, were established along a continentality gradient. At the least continental site (Juvvass), the transect includes boreholes with shallow seasonal frost to continuous permafrost, while at Jetta and Tron, the arrays covered the transition from relatively deep seasonal frost to marginal permafrost. On the north slope of Tron, however, ground surface temperatures indicate more widespread permafrost conditions, apparently due to the negative thermal anomaly associated with an openwork block field. The surface offsets (mean ground surface temperature (MGST) minus mean air temperature (MAT)) ranged from < 1 °C for unvegetated wind‐scoured sites to up to 4.5 °C for sites with a thick, prolonged snow cover. Active‐layer thicknesses at the borehole sites close to the lower limit of mountain permafrost were up to 10 m in bedrock, even under a low thermal diffusivity sediment cover. The mean ground temperature at 10‐m depth differed significantly from the MGST, mainly due to the 3D thermal effects of the varying snow cover. Our air temperature measurements do not support the inference that the observed decrease in the lower elevational limit of mountain permafrost with continentality is mainly due to lower MAT. Rather, the pattern fits with an eastwards decrease in the lower limit of block fields and snowfall amounts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement systems of soil water matric potential and evaluation of soil moisture under different irrigation depths

The development of new methodologies and tools that enable to determine the water content in soil is of fundamental importance to the practice of irrigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil matric potential using mercury tensiometer and puncture digital tensiometer, and to compare the gravimetric soil moisture values obtained by tensiometric system with gravimetric soil moisture obtained by neutron attenuation technique. Four experimental plots were maintained with different soil moisture by irrigation. Three repetitions of each type of tensiometer were installed at 0.20 m depth. Based on the soil matric potential and the soil water retention curve, the corresponding gravimetric soil moisture was determined. The data was then compared to those obtained by neutron attenuation technique. The results showed that both tensiometric methods showed no difference under soil matric potential higher than -40 kPa. However, under drier soil, when the water was replaced by irrigation, the soil matric potential of the puncture digital tensiometer was less than those of the mercury tensiometer.
The Extreme Drought Event during Winter–Spring of 2011 in East China: Combined Influences of Teleconnection in Midhigh Latitudes and Thermal Forcing in Maritime Continent Region

AbstractThe middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) in China experienced an extremely severe and persistent drought event from January to May of 2011. Using both the observational data and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, features of the drought event and the related circulation anomalies were investigated. It is found that the precipitation during the investigated period of 2011 was deficient mostly along the Yangtze River. The water vapor diverged from MLRYR southward into the Bay of Bengal, South China Sea, and the Philippines. There were two factors facilitating the drought event. One was the quasi-stationary Rossby wave–related teleconnection, which propagated eastward at midhigh latitudes from the North Atlantic to East Asia, reinforcing the Siberian high and the East Asian trough, henceforth resulting in the divergence anomalies in MLRYR in the lower troposphere. This quasi-stationary wave train, though originating from the North Atlantic region, was not essentially related to the North Atlantic.
Length and sex‐specific associations between spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and hydrographic variables in the Bay of Fundy and Scotian Shelf

The associations between spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and hydrographic variables (temperature, salinity and depth) were examined in the Bay of Fundy and Scotian Shelf from 1970 to 1998. Data were obtained from standard groundfish bottom trawl surveys. Dogfish sex affected habitat associations. Males were found to occupy bottom water of significantly higher salinities and depths than that occupied by females. Length also significantly affected habitat associations. Smaller dogfish occupied relatively deep, high salinity bottom water compared with larger dogfish. Overall, the occupied temperatures, salinities and depths were significantly different from those which were available. Dogfish occupied warmer temperatures along a narrow range (6.62‐9.19∞C) compared with those which were available (1.57‐9.35∞C). Occupied salinity (32.70‐34.43 ppt) and occupied depth (88.62‐184.66 m) were also distributed along a narrower range than available salinity (32.16‐ 34.79 ppt) and available depth (55.00‐218.10 m). Sex-specific, length-specific and overall environmental preference by dogfish may bias traditional ‘offshore’ groundfish surveys while large scale changes in hydrographic parameters may alter dogfish distribution and their interactions with other marine fauna.
Effects of abnormal trading volume in the stock exchange of Thailand

This research aims to investigate the opportunity to exploit the abnormal returns follow the abnormal trading volume events for the stock listed in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) from 2010 to 2019. The result suggested that investors could use abnormal trading volume as a signal to invest and obtain extra-profit by holding the stock for a certain period of time. The result also indicated that there was evidence of trading volume’s information content that could be used to implement the zero-investment portfolio strategy which trades based on trading volume. The strategy suggested investors to take a long position in 10% of the most highly traded stock and in contrast, take a short position in 10% of the least traded stock in the SET index for the short time horizon to obtain 13.4 annual returns. In summary, the result of this study could reduce the market inefficiently and minimize the high-volume returns premium. Especially when a large number of traders take this opportunity, the abnormal return offered by trading volume will be diminished, and traders can no longer take the advantage of it.
Iron deficiency and child psychomotor development in a rural region of Chota, Peru, 2022

Introduction: Iron deficiency and psychomotor developmental delay are two public health problems that cause high childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, which can be related to social, economic, cultural and health factors that affect the environment where children and their family live. Objective: To determine the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and psychomotor development in children aged 2 to 4 years treated at the Cuyumalca Clinic, Chota. Materials and methods: Relational, cross-sectional study conducted on 48 children, who underwent hemoglobin testing through a portable hemoglobinometer and were subjected to the Psychomotor Development Test. Results: 31.2% of the children displayed some type of anemia, with the most common being moderate anemia (17.7%). On average, 10.9% showed some type of psychomotor developmental delay, including coordination (6.3%), language (8.4%), motor skills (16.7%), and overall development (12.5%). 4.2% of the children who had minor to moderate anemia showed developmental delay risks in the three assessed areas as well as in their overall development. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant relationship between iron deficiency anemia and several domains of psychomotor development, including coordination, language, motor skills as well as overall development.
Nutrient concentrations and fluxes in tributaries to the Swan-Canning estuary, Western Australia

In Western Australia, catchment nutrient availability on an areal basis is primarily controlled by the disposal of animal waste and the type and rate of fertilizer application, particularly in coastal areas. The coastal areas receive notably higher rainfall and have more intense horticulture and animal production than inland areas, and are undergoing rapid urbanization, particularly adjacent to the estuary. Also, the surficial aquifers on the coastal plain are generally sandy having a low nutrient retention capacity and rapidly transmit soluble and colloidal material through the subsurface. In the Swan-Canning basin, high air and soil temperatures and seasonally arid conditions cause rapid mineralization of nitrogen and phosphorus. The nutrients are subsequently available for transport during the onset of seasonal wet weather, which typically begins during the period from late April to June. In addition to the rapid mobility of nutrients in streamwater from agricultural areas during the wet season, drains in urban areas, which typically have high nutrient concentrations, also are an important source of nutrients as the drains flow directly to the estuary throughout the year.
Use of eigendecomposition in a parameter sensitivity analysis of the Community Land Model

This study explores the use of eigendecomposition in a sensitivity analysis of the Community Land Model CLM, revision 3.5, with respect to its parametrization. Latent heat, sensible heat, and photosynthesis are used as target variables. The eigendecomposition of a sensitivity matrix, containing numerically derived sensitivity measures, can be used to study parameter significance. Existing parameter ranking and selection methods are examined. Furthermore, a new parameter significance ranking index is proposed which is working in concert with a new proposed selection criterion. This methodology explicitly takes parameter covariations into account. The results are consistent and similar to the most elaborate method tested in this study, but the new method has fewer assumptions. The number of significant parameters depends on the degree of variation that a single parameter is allowed to generate in the cost function. The method declares two thirds out of 66 parameters to be significant model parameters for an allowed change of 1% and only 10 parameters for an allowed change of 10% of the cost function. The sensible heat flux is shown to be the least sensitive model output in comparison with latent heat or photosynthesis. Parameters that determine maximum carboxylation and the slope of stomatal conductance are very sensitive for photosynthesis, whereas soil water parameters are significant for latent heat and C4photosynthesis. It is concluded that the proposed procedure is parsimonious, can analyze sensitivities of more than one model output simultaneously, and helps to identify significant parameters while taking parameter interactions into account.
Remittances and inflation in OPEC countries:Evidence from bias-corrected least-squares dummy variable (CLSDV) estimator

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of remittances outflows on inflation for a panel of 14 OPEC countries during the period 1980-2018. Using bias-corrected least-squares dummy variable (CLSDV) estimator, empirical results reveal that remittance outflows have no effect on inflation rate. However, trade openness and current account deficits have a positive impact on inflation. Further, oil price appears to not have any effect on inflation in OPEC countries
On numerical broadening of particle-size spectra: a condensational growth study using PyMPDATA 1.0

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