Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Tau ELISAs for Evaluating Tau Accumulation in the Brains With Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: One main pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is tau accumulation as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Although sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are useful for quantifying tau levels, including those in CSF, plasma and brain, it has not yet been determined which antibody combination is the most appropriate for assessing the neuropathological accumulation of tau in the brain. Methods: We developed several sandwich tau ELISAs by introducing antibodies against several tau epitopes, including from its N-terminal and C-terminal regions, and evaluated tau levels depending on disease stage, brain areas, and other AD-related changes. Results: We observed that tau levels in insoluble brain fraction determined by each ELISAs differ depending on the epitopes of the antibodies: there is a trend that non-AD control samples yield relatively high signals when an antibody against the N-terminal region of tau is used. On the other hand, ELISAs combining two antibodies against the later-middle to C-terminal regions of tau produced substantially increased signals from AD samples, compared to those from non-AD controls. Such ELISAs better distinguish AD and non-AD controls, and the results are more closely associated with Braak NFT stage, Aβ accumulation, and neuroinflammatory markers. In addition, these ELISAs can reflect the pattern of tau spread across brain regions. Conclusions: Tau ELISAs that combine two antibodies against the later-middle to C-terminal regions of tau can better reflect neuropathological tau accumulation, which would enable to evaluate tau accumulation in the brain at a biochemical level.
University students' interaction, Internet self-efficacy, self-regulation and satisfaction with online education during pandemic crises of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate Jordanian university students' interaction, Internet self-efficacy, self-regulation and satisfaction regarding online education during the COVID-19 pandemic Design/methodology/approach: A correlational cross-sectional design was utilized using convenience sampling to include 702 undergraduate students from Jordanian universities using an online self-administered questionnaire Descriptive statistics, T-tests, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data Findings: The mean score of students' satisfaction was low (m = 45 14, SD = 25 62) Regarding student's interaction, learner-instructor interaction had the highest total mean score (m = 58 53, SD = 24 51), followed by learner-learner interaction (m = 47 50, SD = 22 64) Learner-content interaction had the lowest total mean score (m = 45 80, SD = 24 60) Significant differences in students' satisfaction were identified according to the level of education, university type and marital status Significant predictors of students' satisfaction with online education were self-regulated learning, Internet self-efficacy, learner-content interaction, learner-learner interaction and the number of e-learning theoretical courses Originality/value: Online education is not well-established in developing countries This study contributed to the limited knowledge of university students’ preparedness and satisfaction with online education during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited
Histomorphometric and Histochemical Finding of the Proventicular and Ventricular Stomach between the African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) and Black Francolin (francolinus) in South Iraq

The study was done on sixteen specimens including: eight Parrot and eight francolins of both sexes.The current study aims to discover the structures of proventiculi and ventriculi belonging to these birdsspecifically their histologic and histochemical textures. The anatomical studies revealed that stomach of bothbirds consists of: proventiculi & ventriculi. Histological exam was showed that the wall of proventiculus ofthe Parrot and francolin composed of four layers including: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. Theepithelia of proventiculi and venticulus were simple columnar cells for each bird.The obtained means of thickness of layers of proventiculus and venticulus appear different between maleand female of both birds.For histochemical studies there were some different reaction of PAS- stain which were detailed in the results.
Forty years of behavioral economics

Abstract The present article offers the first quantitative history of behavioural economics (BE) from the 1970s to the 2010s. We document the foundation of the field by Kahneman and Tversky in the 1980s and 1990s; the separation of experimental market economics and BE in the 1990s; the decreasing importance of psychology in the 1990s onward; and the rise of European authors after the 2000s. Overall, we show that after the 1990s, BE transformed from a unified American research program with a clearly identifiable core, to a multipolar and international research program with relatively independent subspecialties. Despite claims that BE is mostly an empirical venture, we show that the field is heavily structured by theoretical contributions. A handful of seminal models capture most of the citations in the field and explain how the subspecialties in BE emerged, stabilised, and became more autonomous from the historical core.
Impact of heavy ion particle strike induced single event transients on conventional and π-Gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

This paper presents an extensive Victory TCAD based assessment to evaluate the device performance under heavy ion particle strike induced single event effects (SEEs). The impact of SEEs on π-shaped AlGaN/GaN HEMT architecture has been compared with conventional AlGaN/GaN HEMT. For validation of simulation, models have been calibrated against the experimental data of in-house fabricated GaN HEMTs on SiC wafers, after which π-shaped architecture is realized using Silvaco’s Victory Process simulation tools. Comparisons demonstrate that π-Gate HEMT architecture is a SEE hardened device under different heavy ion particle strike conditions. Further, due to the step modification in the electric field itself, the π-Gate HEMT also exhibits SEE hardened operation under different ambient temperatures. The effect of angled heavy ion particle strike has also been studied for evaluating the device performance with regards to SEE.
Human Rights Violations, Political Conditionality and Public Attitudes to Foreign Aid: Evidence from Survey Experiments

There has been much criticism of donor governments who give aid to states that violate human rights. This has fuelled concerns about how such coverage affects public support for foreign aid. In response, donors increasingly use aid suspensions to signal to domestic audiences that a regime has been sanctioned and aid is not misspent. This article examines how reports of rights violations affect attitudes to aid and what, if any, impact donor responses have on public perceptions. We conduct survey experiments using nationally representative samples of the British public. Our findings demonstrate that reports of rights abuses reduce public support for aid. However, contrary to conventional wisdom, any response from donors, whether it be to justify continuing aid or to cut aid, prevents a decline in support. In policy terms, the findings demonstrate the importance of government responsiveness in maintaining public support for a frequently contested aspect of foreign policy.
The knowledge, attitude and practice regarding diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among the medical students in Qassim University

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common health issue with high prevalence rate throughout the world. One of the most common complication of DM is diabetic retinopathy (DR). It is one of the most common cause of blindness in patients with DM. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of medical students in Al Qassim University about DM and DR. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among medical students. Questionnaire was composed of the basic demographic data, assessment of the knowledge and attitude regarding DM and DR. Data were gathered and coded in MS Excel and all statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Packages for Software Sciences version 21. Results: A total of 306 medical students were recruited (49.3% males vs. 50.7% females). Poor knowledge was detected among 52.3% of medical students (mean score: 2.34; SD = 1.43, out of 5 points), while the rest had good knowledge (47.7%). With regards to the attitude, 69.3% had positive attitude, while 30.7% were negative. Age group in years, academic year level, source(s) of DM and DR information, and attended courses related to DM and DR were the factors associated with both knowledge and attitude. Conclusion: While an optimistic attitude was observed among medical students with regards to DM and DR, their knowledge about them was deemed insufficient. Better outlook regarding DM and DR can be observed among senior students.
A Study on Socio-economic Profile of the Dairy Farmers in Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

Dairy Farming is a class of agricultural, rearing of cattle, baffalos and goats, or certain other milch animal for long term milk production, which may be either processed on site or transported to organized dairy for processing (Shinde, 2011). Dairy farming being the major contributor to the overall GDP of the country, the overall contribution of Livestock Sector in total GDP was nearly 4.11 per cent at current prices during 2012-13 (NDDB-2012-13). Dairy farming is a main source of additional income to small farmers, marginal farmers and agricultural laborers in the state. The dairy farming has an important role in subsistence farming as well as commercial farming for low as well as moderate income households. Dairy sector have great potentiality and scope for enhancing the socioeconomic situation of small, marginal farmers and agricultural International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 01 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Acute effects of dynamic versus foam rolling warm-up strategies on physical performance in elite tennis players

To date, there is a lack of information about the optimal conditions of the warm-up to lead to a better performance in elite tennis players. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different warm-up protocols (dynamic vs. self-myofascial release with foam rolling) on neuromuscular variables associated with physical determinants of tennis performance. Using a crossover randomised experimental design, eleven professional men tennis players (20.6 ± 3.5 years) performed either a dynamic warm-up (DWU) or a self-myofascial release with foam rolling (SMFR) protocol. DWU consisted of 8 min of dynamic exercises at increasing intensity and SMFR consisted of 8 min of rolling on each lower extremity unilaterally. Just before (baseline) and after completing warm-up protocols, players performed a countermovement jump (CMJ), the 5-0-5 agility test, a 10-m sprint test and the Straight Leg Raise and Thomas tests to assess range of motion. Compared to baseline, the DWU was more effective to reduce the time in the 5-0-5 test than SMFR (-2.23 vs. 0.44%, respectively, p = 0.042, ηp2 = 0.19). However, both warm-up protocols similarly affected CMJ (2.32 vs. 0.61%, p = 0.373, ηp2 = 0.04) and 10-m sprint time changes (-1.26 vs. 1.03%, p = 0.124, ηp2 = 0.11). Changes in range of motion tests were also similar with both protocols (p = 0.448–1.000, ηp2 = 0.00–0.02). Overall, both DWU and SMFR were effective to prepare well-trained tennis players for highly demanding neuromuscular actions. However, DWU offered a better preparation for performing change of direction and sprint actions, and hence, in high-performance tennis players, the warm-up should include dynamic exercises.
Reviews and syntheses: Ongoing and emerging opportunities to improve environmental science using observations from the Advanced Baseline Imager on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites

Abstract. Environmental science is increasingly reliant on remotely-sensed observations of the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Observations from polar-orbiting satellites have long supported investigations on land cover change, ecosystem productivity, hydrology, climate, the impacts of disturbance, and more, and are critical for extrapolating (upscaling) ground-based measurements to larger areas. However, the limited temporal frequency at which polar-orbiting satellites observe the Earth limits our understanding of rapidly evolving ecosystem processes, especially in areas with frequent cloud cover. Geostationary satellites have observed the Earth's surface and atmosphere at high temporal frequency for decades, and their imagers now have spectral resolutions in the visible and near-infrared regions that are comparable to commonly-used polar-orbiting sensors like the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), or Landsat. These advances extend applications of geostationary Earth observations from weather monitoring to multiple disciplines in ecology and environmental science. We review a number of existing applications that use data from geostationary platforms and present upcoming opportunities for observing key ecosystem properties using high-frequency observations from the Advanced Baseline Imagers (ABI) on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), which routinely observe the Western Hemisphere every 5–15 minutes. Many of the existing applications in environmental science from ABI are focused on estimating land surface temperature, solar radiation, evapotranspiration, and biomass burning emissions along with detecting rapid drought development and wildfire. Ongoing work in estimating vegetation properties and phenology from other geostationary platforms demonstrates the potential for expanding ABI observations to estimate vegetation greenness, moisture, and productivity at high temporal frequency across the Western Hemisphere. Finally, we present emerging opportunities to address the relatively coarse resolution of ABI observations through multi-sensor fusion to resolve landscape heterogeneity and to leverage observations from ABI to study the carbon cycle and ecosystem function at unprecedented temporal frequency.
A MULTINUCLEAR NMR STUDY OF SYNTHETIC PARGASITE

spectroscopy, with and without cross-polarization, and by infrared spectroscopy. The spectra indicate that Al occurs only on Tl, M2, and M3 sites and are consistent with l.5Mg + 0.541 on M2 and 0.5Mg + 0.541 on M3, t4lAl being ordered onto Tl sites without Al avoidance (Al-O-Al linkages are allowed). Assuming random mixing on sites in these ratios, we calculate a maximum configurational entropy for subordered synthetic pargasite of 38 J/(K.mol). This is much lower than the value of 56 J/(K'mol) indirectly estimated by Westrich and Holloway (l93 l) from their phase equilibrium study of the low-pressure dehydration of synthetic pargasite. However, we show that it is possible to reconcile their experimental results with our estimate of the configurational entropy. Our results suggest that synthetic pargasite is likely to be a good experimental analogue for natural pargasite.
Influence of nitrogen and calcium fertilisation on productivity and fruit quality of the mango cv. sensation

Mature mango trees, fertilised with ammonium nitrate, gypsum or unfertilised were studied for five years in a field experiment. The soil, a decomposed shale, had a slightly basic pH, was well drained and rich in calcium. The water, with low electrical conductivity, was high in calcium and magnesium bicarbonates. The fertilizers were applied through the drip irrigation system, approximately 23 mg L -1 of nitrogen or 117 mg L -1 of calcium. Control trees received 1.1 mg L -1 of nitrogen and 40 mg L -1 of calcium, the contents of the irrigation water. The calcium front in the soil descended approximately 17 cm per year. Nitrogen fertilisation markedly increased its concentration in the subsoil. Potential tree efficiency, including fruits fallen along the picking period, per unit tree volume, mean fruit weight and percentage of red epidermis were similar for the three treatments. The percentage of fruits fallen during the picking period were much higher for the nitrogen fertilised trees. Only on these trees internal breakdown and stem end cavity increased markedly with mean fruit weight. Trees not fertilized with nitrogen kept its content in leaf and mesocarp stable along the years. In nitrogen fertilised trees it progressively increased. Something similar happened with calcium, but more erratically.
Artificial Reefs in the North-East Atlantic Area: Present Situation, Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives

1 Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4150181 Porto, Portugal. Email: r.biancareis@gmail.com 2 CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal. 3 MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Quinta do Lorde Marina, Sítio da Piedade, 9200-044, Madeira, Portugal 4 Dept. Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, BH12 5BB Poole, United Kingdom 5 Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P., Divisão de Oceanografia e Ambiente Marinho, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006, Lisboa, Portugal 6 MARE— Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal. 7 Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs des Travaux de la Construction de Caen, Research Laboratory on construction materials, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie 1, 14610 Épron, France 8 Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain 9 MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal
Factors Affecting Aflatoxin B1 Removal by Flavobacterium aurantiacum.

This study was conducted to investigate several factors affecting the removal of aflatoxin B1 by Flavobacterium aurantiacum NRRL B-184. A simple spectrophotometric procedure was evaluated and compared to an established high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and found to be useful for determining aflatoxin concentration in test solutions of phosphate buffer. Using the spectrophotometric method, 72-h cultures of F. aurantiacum were observed to remove more toxin from solution than 24-h cultures. Likewise, populations of 1010cells removed aflatoxin at a faster rate than did 109 cells, although the total amount removed did not differ. Transferring F. aurantiacum cultures in tryptic soy broth every 3 days for over 3 days for over 8 months had no apparent effect on their ability to remove measurable amounts of aflatoxin B1 from solution. Populations of 1 × 109 CFU/ml or less heat-inactivated F. aurantiacum were unable to remove aflatoxin B1 from phosphate buffer.
Effects of Peer and Provider-Based Education Interventions on HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Behaviour-Risk among in-School Adolescents in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Introduction: Adolescents and youths are at high risk due to knowledge gap and behaviour risks related to HIV/AIDS thus need for intervention programs. There is paucity of data on comparative analysis on effect of the education intervention models such as peer-based and provider-based models. This study assessed the effect of peer and provider-based HIV/AIDS education on HIV knowledge and behaviour risk among adolescents and youths in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Original Research Article Chizoba et al.; AJMAH, 18(11): 100-114, 2020; Article no.AJMAH. 64216 101 Methodology: This study involved 2 intervention groups (peer-based and health provider-based) and 1 control group. Multistage sampling was used to select participants. HIV education was provided by peers and health providers in the two intervention groups, but hygiene education was given to the control group. Pre-test and post-test questionnaires were deployed to assess baseline and effect of intervention on HIV/AIDS knowledge and behaviour risk. Total participants were 1831 shared among the 3 groups. Result: Total baseline mean knowledge score was 48.8 and behaviour risk was 42.3. Within the intervention groups, significant changes were recorded in terms of knowledge gain and behaviour risk reduction post-intervention (p<0.05). No change was observed in control group. Provider-based group had higher knowledge gain and better behaviour risk reduction than peer-based group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Baseline HIV knowledge among adolescents and youths was on unimpressive, and behaviour risk was high. Education resulted in better knowledge and lower behaviour risk in the two groups, but health provider-based group had better outcome than peer-based group. It is recommended that the two models of HIV education intervention be adopted in secondary schools in view of their peculiarities and applicability.
LAG-Net: Multi-Granularity Network for Person Re-Identification via Local Attention System

Person re-identification (Re-ID) is a challenging research topic which aims to retrieve the pedestrian images of the same person that captured by non-overlapping cameras. Existing methods either assume the body parts of the same person are well-aligned, or use attention selection mechanisms to constrain the effective region of feature learning. But these methods concentrate only on coarse feature representation and cannot model complex real scenes effectively. We propose a novel Local Attention Guided Network (LAG-Net) to not only exploit the most salient area among different people, but also extract important local detail through a Local Attention System (LAS). LAS is an attention selection unit that could extract approximate semantic local features of human body parts without extra supervision. To learn discriminative attention feature representation, we explore an attention feature regularization scheme to enhance the relevance of body part features that belong to same personal identity. Considering the effectiveness of feature augmentation in the Re-ID task and the defect of the existing methods, we propose a Batch Attention DropBlock (BA-DropBlock) to further improve DropBlock by combining the attention selection mechanism. Results on mainstream datasets demonstrate the superiority of our model over the state-of-the-art. Especially, our approach exceeds the current best method by a large margin of 4.6${\%}$ on the most challenging dataset CUHK03.