Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPTO_A_213047 135..143

Yosef Antehun Merrie Mebratu Mulusew Tegegne Minychil Bantihun Munaw Haile Woretaw Alemu 2 1Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Introduction: Visual impairment (VI) is one of the major public health problems in the world. It is highly prevalent among children in sub-Saharan countries, including Ethiopia. Worldwide, the magnitude of VI among school-age children is 1%–10%. However, there was limited information regarding the prevalence and associated factors of VI among school-age children in the study area, which is essential to plan and implement appropriate interventions. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of VI among school-age children livin g in Bahir Dar city, northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was done on a sample of 632 schoolage children selected by multistage sampling in Bahir Dar from April 30 to May 15, 2018. Data were collected through interviews and physical examinations. Face-to-face interviews were done with a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Physical examinations were done with visual acuity measures and assessment of ocular pathology by optometrists. Data were entered into Epi Info 7 and exported to and analyzed with SPSS 20. Binary logistic regression was fitted, and variables with P<0.05 in the multivariate model were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 601 study subjects were included in this study, giving a response rate of 95.2%. The median age was 13 (IQR 11–16) years, and 303 (50.3%) were male. Prevalence of VI was 52 (8.7%, 95% CI 6.2%–10.7%). In multivariate analysis, prematurity [AOR 2.8 (95% CI 1.19–6.83)], admission to a neonatal intensive-care unit (AOR 5.5, 95% CI 2.01– 15.15), having a parent with VI (AOR 1.8, 95% CI 0.13–0.97), watching television from <2 m (AOR 8.7, 95% CI 1.49–18.24), and mobile-phone exposure >4 hours per day (AOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.32–4.45) were factors significantly associated with VI. Conclusion: The prevalence of VI among school-age children in Bahir Dar was significant. Premature birth, admission to a neonatal intensive-care unit, having a parent with VI, watching television from <2 m, and mobile exposure >4 hours per day were significantly associated.
sample a time series more frequently

Summary . Suppose we have a historical time series with samples taken at a slow rate, e.g. quarterly. This article proposes a new method to answer the question: is it worth sampling the series at a faster rate, e.g. monthly? Our contention is that classical time series methods are designed to analyse a series at a single and given sampling rate with the consequence that analysts are not often encouraged to think carefully about what an appropriate sampling rate might be. To answer the sampling rate question we propose a novel Bayesian method that incorporates the historical series, cost information and small amounts of pilot data sampled at the faster rate. The heart of our method is a new Bayesian spectral estimation technique that is capable of coherently using data sampled at multiple rates and is demonstrated to have superior practical performance compared to alternatives. Additionally, we introduce a method for hindcasting historical data at the faster rate. A freeware R package, regspec, is available that implements our methods. We illustrate our work using of-ﬁcial statistics time series including the United Kingdom consumer price index and counts of United Kingdom residents travelling abroad, but our methods are general and apply to any situation where time series data are collected.
Causes and factors associated with neonatal mortality in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, South West Ethiopia

Background: The neonatal period is the most susceptible phase of life. In Ethiopia changes in neonatal mortality are not as signi ﬁ cant as changes in post-neonatal and child mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the causes and factors associated with neonatal mortality at Jimma Medical Center. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 11 days from February 12, 2018 at the Neonatal ICU of Jimma Medical Center. Data were extracted from the medical records of neonates admitted during a three year period from September 07, 2014 to August 31, 2017, using pretested checklists. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine factors associated with neonatal mortality and P -values <0.05 were considered statistically signi ﬁ cant. Results: Of 3,276 neonates admitted during the study period, 412 (13.3%) died, equating to a rate of 30 deaths per 1,000 institutional live births. The majority (249, 60.4%) of deceased neonates had low birth weight, while 230 (55.8%) were premature and 169(41%) had Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). Residency being outside Jimma city (AOR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.43, 2.51) and the length of stay <7Days (AOR 3.93, 95% CI: 2.82, 5.50), low birth weight (AOR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.25), prematurity (AOR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.41, 3.42), RDS (AOR 4.15, 95% CI: 2.9, 5.66), perinatal asphyxia (AOR 4.95, 95% CI: 3.6, 7.34), and congenital malformations (AOR 4, 95% CI: 2.55, 2.68) were signi ﬁ cantly associated with neonatal mortality. Conclusions: A signi ﬁ cant proportion of neonates attending the neonatal ICU died. Parental residency, the length of stay, low birth weight, prematurity, RDS, perinatal asphyxia, and congenital malformations were factors associated with neonatal mortality, which could be avoidable. Therefore, preventive measures such as enhancing the utilization of antenatal care services and, early identi ﬁ cation and referral of high risk pregnancy and neonates could reduce the neonatal deaths
Immunological Studies of Aging

Several different approaches have been used for assessment of the mechanisms of B cell activation. In normal subjects, the circulating B cell pool contains B cells at various stages of activation. The resting B cells can be induced by T cell-independent B cell mitogen, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) to undergo proliferation. The partially activated B cells, when provided with adequate T cell help, can proliferate and differentiate into immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells under the influence of either SAC or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The fully differentiated B cells are represented by the numbers of cells in the peripheral blood that secrete Ig spontaneously.We evaluated B lymphocyte function in 24 elderly (mean 79.3 yr.) and 14 young (mean 24.5 yr.) persons. Lymphocytes from elderly persons incorporated significantly less tritiated thymidine as compared with lymphocytes from young persons when stimulated with SAC. Moreover, the elderly, but not young, persons were found to have elevated numbers of cells spontaneously secreting Ig. However, lymphocytes from elderly persons stimulated with either SAC or PWM displayed Ig production equal to young persons. These results in elderly persons are consistent with polyclonal B cell activation in vivo, as can be seen after certain viral infections and in some autoimmune diseases. The potential role of age-related B cell abnormalities in the increase with age in the incidence of infections, neoplasia, immune deficiency, and diseases that may be mediated by immune complexes is discussed.
Co-Delivery of Docetaxel and Salinomycin to Target Both Breast Cancer Cells and Stem Cells by PLGA/TPGS Nanoparticles

Purpose Conventional chemotherapy is hampered by the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). It is crucial to eradicating both the bulky breast cancer cells and BCSCs, using a combination of conventional chemotherapy and anti-CSCs drugs. However, the synergistic ratio of drug combinations cannot be easily maintained in vivo. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that the simultaneous delivery of two drugs via nanoliposomes could maintain the synergistic drug ratio for 12 h in vivo. However, nanoliposomes have the disadvantage of quick drug release, which makes it difficult to maintain the synergistic drug ratio for a long time. Herein, we developed a co-delivery system for docetaxel (DTX)—a first-line chemotherapy drug for breast cancer—and salinomycin (SAL)—an anti-BCSCs drug—in rigid nanoparticles constituted of polylactide-co-glycolide/D-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PLGA/TPGS). Methods Nanoparticles loaded with SAL and DTX at the optimized ratio (NSD) were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method. The characterization, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles were investigated in vitro, and the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, antitumor and anti-CSCs activity of nanoparticles were evaluated in vivo. Results We demonstrated that a SAL/DTX molar ratio of 1:1 was synergistic in MCF-7 cells and MCF-7-MS. Moreover, the enhanced internalization of nanoparticles was observed in MCF-7 cells and MCF-7-MS. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of NSD against both MCF-7 cells and MCF-7-MS was stronger than the cytotoxicity of any single treatment in vitro. Significantly, NSD could prolong the circulation time and maintain the synergistic ratio of SAL to DTX in vivo for 24 h, thus exhibiting superior tumor targeting and anti-tumor activity compared to other treatments. Conclusion Co-encapsulation of SAL and DTX in PLGA/TPGS nanoparticles could maintain the synergistic ratio of drugs in vivo in a better manner; thus, providing a promising strategy for synergistic inhibition of breast cancer.
University of Groningen Quality of life of parents with children living at home Gazendam-Donofrio,

Goals of work This study examined the quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients diagnosed 1–5 years previously and their spouses, with children 4–18 years living at home. Relationships between parents’ QoL and the children’s functioning were explored. Patients and methods 166 cancer patients and their spouses provided information on their QoL (RAND-36) and on their children’s functioning (Child Behavior Checklist). Main results Male and female patients scored similarly to a norm population on five domains. Patients’ QoL was clinically relevantly and/or statistically lower on social functioning, role limitations because of physical problems, and vitality than the norm. Male spouses’ QoL was comparable to the norm. However, female spouses reported better physical functioning but more social problems. QoL varied according to type of cancer, treatment intensity, and recurrence. Using the QoL composite scores, a significant relationship was found between patients’ psychosocial and physical functioning and spouses’ psychosocial functioning. Patients’ psychosocial functioning correlated moderately strongly to weakly with their reports of their younger children’s and adolescents’ functioning; physical functioning correlated only weakly with adolescents’ functioning. The patients’ functioning related weakly to moderately strongly to adolescents’ self-reports of functioning. Spouses’ psychosocial functioning weakly related to their and adolescents’ reports of adolescents’ functioning. Conclusions Cancer patients’ QoL 1–5 years after diagnosis was decreased in three of eight domains; their spouses seem to be doing well. Parents’ physical and psychosocial functioning related weakly to moderately strongly to their children’s functioning, depending on the child’s age and information source. The patients’ functioning related more strongly to the children’s functioning than the spouses’ did.
NDT_A_203103 1343..1354

Rahul Lall Raihan Mohammed Utkarsh Ojha 1Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; 2Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Histological characterization of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of AD patients, alongside genetic studies in individuals suffering the familial form of the disease, has fueled the accumulation of the amyloid-β protein as the initial pathological trigger of disease. Association studies have recently showed that cerebral hypoxia, via both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, increase amyloid-β deposition by altering expression levels of enzymes involved in the production/degradation of the protein. Furthermore, hypoxia has also been linked to neuronal and glial-cell calcium dysregulation through formation of calcium-permeable pores, dysregulated glutamate signaling, and intracellular calcium-store dysfunction. Hypoxia has also been strongly linked to neuroinflammation; however, this relationship to AD has not been thoroughly discussed in the literature. Here, we highlight and organize critical research evidence showing that in both hypoxic and AD brains, there are similarities in terms of 1) the substances mediating/modulating the neuroinflammatory environment and 2) the immune cells that drive the formation of these substances.
Restoration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and histopathological changes in pancreas and liver of hyperglycemic rats by Murraya koenigii leaves extract

Fauzul Husna1, Franciscus D. Suyatna2*, Wawaimuli Arozal2, Erni H. Purwaningsih3, Yulvian Sani4 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia. 2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. 3Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. 4Indonesia Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia.
No bulls: crowdsourcing away asymmetric information in the market for artificial insemination in Pakistan∗

We study asymmetric information in an important context across the developing world: the market for artificial insemination (AI) of livestock. We create an information clearinghouse to measure, through crowdsourcing, public veterinarian success at AI service provision and prices charged and to reveal back to consumers these ratings in rural Punjab, Pakistan. We measure the impact of decreased asymmetric information via this clearinghouse using a randomized controlled trial. We find that, compared to control group, farmers receiving ratings enjoy 27 percent higher insemination success and weakly lower prices. These results suggest large welfare benefits from a low-cost information intervention. Importantly, these effects are entirely due to increased veterinarian effort, rather than farmers switching veterinarians. These results rules out a pure adverse selection model and support one of moral hazard, which has implications for future research and policy. ∗Authors’ Note: We thank Eli Berman, Michael Callen, Julie Cullen, Clark Gibson, Craig McIntosh, Edward Miguel, Karthik Muralidharan, Monica Singhal, and faculty at UC San Diego for their support at all stages of this project. We also thank Saad Gulzar, the International Growth Centre Pakistan office, the Punjab Livestock and Dairy Development Department, and the World Bank Pakistan office for help designing and implementing the project. Excellent research assistance was provided by Amanullah Haneef, Umair Khawaja, Zia Mehmood, and Zarak Sohail. We thank Sarojini Hirshleifer and Janna Rezaee for their excellent feedback. This research was supported by the University of California Office of the President UC Lab Fees Research Program Grant ID No. 23855, by funding from the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab and the Center for Effective Global Action through the Agricultural Technology Adoption Initiative, and by the International Growth Centre. Support for Rezaee’s time was provided by AFOSR # FA9550-09-1-0314 and ONR # N00014-14-1-0843. †Lahore University of Management Sciences. email: ali.hasanain@gmail.com ‡University of California, Berkeley. email: yasir.khan@berkeley.edu §University of California, Davis. email: abrezaee@ucdavis.edu
EXPOSING THE LACK OF GENDER IN CLIMATE CHANGE CAMPAIGNS: EVIDENCE FROM THE UK AND TURKEY

Iklim degisikliginin cinsiyet baglamindaki farkli etkileri az gelismis ulkeler (Kuresel Guney) icin yeterince arastirilmistir, fakat bu konu, Turkiye ve gelismis ulkelerdeki siyasi gundemde buyuk olcude gozardi edilmistir. Bu calismada, bu durumun nedenleri arasinda, cevre alaninda faaliyet gosteren sivil toplum kuruluslarinin (CSTK) cevre politikalarinda, cinsiyet faktorunun onemini gozardi etmelerinden kaynaklandigi savunulmaktadir. CSTKlar, siyasi ajandayi etkileyen baski gruplari arasindadir. Bu nedenle de toplumlari etkilemede onemli gorevleri bulunmaktadir. Bu makale Ingiltere ve Turkiye’de CSTKlar uzerine karsilastirmali kalitatif arastirma yontemi kullanilarak yapilan bir arastirmaya dayanmaktadir. Makale, CSTKlarin iklim degisikligi ile ilgili cevre kampanyalarini inceleyerek, iklim degisikliginin kadinlar ve erkekler uzerindeki farkli etkilerinin CSTKlarca gozardi edilmesinin nedenleri uzerinde dusunmeyi amaclamaktadir.
SPONTANEOUS SPEECH PRODUCED IN COMMUNICATIVE SETTINGS

In order to investigate the clear speech adaptations that individuals make when communicating in intelligibility-challenging conditions, it would seem essential to examine speech that is produced in interaction with a conversational partner. However, much of the literature on clear speech adaptations has been based on the analysis of sentences that talkers were instructed to read clearly. In this chapter, we review methods for eliciting spontaneous speech in interaction for the purpose of investigating clear speech phenomena. We describe in more detail the Diapix task (Van Engen et al., 2010) and DiapixUK picture pairs (Baker & Hazan, 2011) which have been used in the production of large corpora investigating clear speech adaptations. We present an overview of the analysis of spontaneous speech and clear speech adaptations from the LUCID corpora that include spontaneous speech recordings from children, young and older adults.
Attribute-Aware Loss Function for Accurate Semantic Segmentation Considering the Pedestrian Orientations

SUMMARY Numerous applications such as autonomous driving, satellite imagery sensing, and biomedical imaging use computer vision as an important tool for perception tasks. For Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), it is required to precisely recognize and locate scenes in sensor data. Semantic segmentation is one of computer vision methods intended to perform such tasks. However, the existing semantic segmentation tasks label each pixel with a single object’s class. Recognizing object attributes, e.g., pedestrian orientation, will be more informative and help for a better scene understanding. Thus, we propose a method to perform semantic segmentation with pedestrian attribute recognition simultaneously. We introduce an attribute-aware loss function that can be applied to an arbitrary base model. Furthermore, a re-annotation to the existing Cityscapes dataset enriches the ground-truth labels by annotating the attributes of pedestrian orientation. We implement the proposed method and compare the experimental results with others. The attribute-aware semantic segmentation shows the ability to outperform baseline methods both in the traditional object segmentation task and the expanded attribute detection task.
Reference resolution in Bangla: Comparing demonstratives and pronominals

Multiple factors influence the interpretation of pronouns and other referring expressions, including grammatical role ([2],[5]) and word order ([6]). According to the form-specific multiple-constraint approach ([3],[4]), reference resolution is sensitive to multiple constraints, and, crucially, referring expressions may exhibit different levels of sensitivity to different constraints. For example, Finnish pronouns are more sensitive to grammatical role whereas demonstratives are sensitive to linear order and grammatical role [3]. However, prior work has focused on personal pronouns and demonstratives in a small set of languages. This raises the question of how generalizable these patterns are. Is the greater word-order sensitivity of demonstratives in Finnish and Estonian due to an inherent property of demonstratives deictically ‘pointing’ to recent referents – and thus something that should generalize crosslinguistically – or is it a more flexible property that can vary from language to language?
Parseval frame wavelets with E ( 2 ) n-dilations ✩

We study Parseval frame wavelets in L2(Rn) with matrix dilations of the form(Df )(x) = √2f (Ax), whereA is an arbitrary expanding n × n matrix with integer coefficients, such that |detA| = 2. We show that each A-MRA admits either Parseval frame wavelets, or Parseval frame bi-wavelets. The minimal number of generators seval frame associated with an A-MRA (i.e. 1 or 2) is determined in terms of a scaling function. All Parseval fra (bi)wavelets associated with A-MRA’s are described. We then introduce new classes of filter induced wavele bi-wavelets. It is proved that these new classes strictly contain the classes of all A-MRA Parseval frame wavelet and bi-wavelets, respectively. Finally, we demonstrate a method of constructing all filter induced Parseva (bi)wavelets from generalized low-pass filters.  2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Almond Decline Caused by Phytophthora megasperma in Southeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey

0 0 1 155 884 Ege University 7 2 1037 14.0 96 800x600 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} Decline symptoms were observed on young almond trees in commercial orchards of Adiyaman province of Turkey in 2013. Symptoms in affected trees included yellowing of foliage, cankers on roots, crowns and stem base, and dieback. An isolate of Phytophthora sp. was consistently isolated from necrotic tissues from taproots and crowns of symptomatic trees. The pathogen was identified as Phytophthora megasperma based on morphological features and DNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by shoot and stem inoculation, as well as soil infestation on almond saplings. Typical canker lesions developed on excised shoots after two weeks. Lesions also occurred on stems of scion and rootstock four weeks later. At the end of the soil infestation test, cankers covered the whole roots four months after inoculation. Eleven isolates of P. megasperma were assayed for sensitivity to mefenoxam. All isolates were found to be sensitive to mefenoxam with EC 50 values less than 1 μg mL -1 .