Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Utero Exposure to Maternal Stress: Effects of the September 11 th Terrorist Attacks in New York City on Birth and Early Schooling Outcomes

A growing body of primarily observational research finds that exposure to maternal psychological stress while in utero may have substantial effects on physical and mental health, as well as cognitive ability. This paper estimates the causal effect of exposure to the stress of the September 11 th , 2001 terrorist attacks on the cohort in utero that day using birth data from the National Vital Statistics System and New York City public school student records. The analysis finds that cohorts exposed during first or second trimester in New York City were 1-1.5 days younger, weighed 8-19 grams less, and had a 0.1% lower five-minute Apgar score at birth. Male and female newborns were affected similarly. Births in the rest of the United States were not affected. Initial educational attainment in New York City also suffered: at the age of six, boys were 7-9% more likely to be in special education and 15-18% more likely to be in kindergarten rather than first grade, with no effect on girls. The analysis accounts for alternative causal channels, namely air pollution and economic recession. Effects estimated outside the area of air pollution are very similar to estimates within it. Outcomes for a cohort exposed in utero to a period of high unemployment following September 11 th , but not to the terrorist attacks themselves, are not adversely impacted. The results suggest that psychological stress is an important channel through which adverse conditions experienced by pregnant women negatively impact the early life outcomes of in utero cohorts. JEL Codes:
Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine (IAFM)

In this modern era, even with advancement of technology, development of sophisticated weapons, deaths due to compression of neck by the application of ligature is still in vogue. Very often Forensic expert faces the challenge to differentiate between the cause of death due to the application of ligature material around neck or other forces such as manual compression. So it becomes very much essential to examine the structures of the neck both grossly and microscopically. The present study was conducted at Osmania General Hospital Mortuary from Nov 2008 to October 2010. Neck structures were dissected; carotid arteries were collected from both sides preserved in 10%formalin and was subjected to histopathological examination. Even though many cases were reported, selective identification of cases was done by the presence of in situ ligature material, presence of photographs at the crime scene and a total of 51 cases were studied. Majority of cases belonged to 3 rd decade, with male preponderance. Hanging was more common compared to ligature and manual strangulation. Cloth was the preferred ligature material with the application of slip knot. Per vascular haemorraghes was most common finding followed by intimal haemorraghes. Bilateral effection was more common.
Participatory Design of a Decision Aid Tool Integrating Social Aspects for the Implementation of at Source Vegetated Best Management Practices (SVBMPs) at the Neighbourhood Level

At Source Vegetated Best Management Practices (SVBMPs) can help counter the effects of climate change and urbanization on runoff volumes and peak flows, as well as water quality. They also have secondary environmental, aesthetic and social benefits. For these reasons, municipalities seek to implement SVBMPs on a large scale. However, they lack decision aid tools to choose the implementation sites and the appropriate SVBMPs while maximizing secondary benefits. A simple decision aid tool was developed with these considerations in mind. It was tested at a multidisciplinary participatory design workshop with professionals from various backgrounds, which yielded original observations and research avenues. RESUME
Experimental study on the floor-supply displacement ventilation system

These results are presented from a research project to investigate the effects of a floor-supply displacement ventilation system with practical indoor heat loads. The experiments were performed in an experimental chamber (35.2 m{sup 2}) located in a controlled environment chamber. Temperature distributions were measured at seven heights throughout the experimental chamber for each test condition. Data were analyzed to observe thermal stratification as affected by lighting, occupants, and heat loads (personal computers), and its disruption caused by walking and change of air volume. In addition, airflow characteristics and ventilation efficiencies were investigated using a smoke machine, tobacco smoke, dust for industrial testing, and a tracer gas (CO{sub 2}) step-up procedure.
Patient outcomes in an antiretroviral programme in the setting of a solo private general practice

Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic is continuing to impact negatively on the health of populations globally. The region most affected by this epidemic is sub-Saharan Africa, with two-thirds of people living with HIV/AIDS located in this region. In order to combat this epidemic, countries are putting up efforts to scale-up the provision of antiretrovirals to affected individuals. South Africa faces challenges similar to other sub-Saharan countries in the scaling-up of antiretrovirals, such as cost of drugs, inadequate laboratory infrastructure and the low and declining number of health professionals. Therefore, the contribution of private general practitioners as part of the overall strategy to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic needs to be considered. However, the performance of antiretroviral programmes in the private sector are unknown and there is therefore a need to explore patient outcomes in antiretroviral programmes being run by general practitioners in the private sector. The findings of this study will add to understanding what the outcomes of ARV programmes by GPs in private practice could be in a public-private partnership. Aims: The main aim of the study was to evaluate patient outcomes in an antiretroviral programme in the setting of a solo private general practitioner. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using retrospective data from March 2005 to February 2008. A total of 170 patient records from a private general practitioner’s rooms were examined. The data were analysed using the using the median, interquartile and proportions. The Chi square was used to test for association between baseline characteristics and patient outcomes in the univariate analysis. Results: The increase in median CD4 count was 242 cells/μl and 265 cells/μl at 6 months and 12 months respectively. The proportion of patients who achieved viral suppression at 6 months and 12 months was 75% and 73% respectively. Rate of loss to follow-up was 29% and 38% at 6 months and 12 months respectively, which was much higher than in other settings. Although there were no statistically significant associations established by
Gazing Through a Nationalized Tilt: The Summer Olympics as Validation of the National Connective Motives Scale

Abstract:Previous measures of nationalism focused more on feelings toward one’s respective country rather than measuring the motives one has for participating in or seeking out opportunities to display national connection and affiliation. Brown and Billings 2017) identified this limitation and created a 19-item National Connective Motives Scale, but it was not fully tested for construct validity. Given that the authors indicated sport as a uniquely ideal lens for examining national affiliation (or lack thereof), the purpose of this study was to utilize the 2016 Rio Summer Games to further confirm the scale’s measurement model, as well as test the scale’s construct validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the motives scale was a good fit for the data, and further analysis demonstrated that the scale achieved convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity.
The Impact of Presenting Physiological Data During Sporting Events on Audiences’ Entertainment

Abstract:Psychophysiological data has been useful in many domains, and this study examines the use of such information in the domain of sports audiences. This study employs a four-condition experiment in which participants watched a short sports clip displaying different physiological measures in the corner. The participants were then asked about their perceptions of the clip. Broadly, there was not much difference between groups based on the types of information presented; however, presenting blood pressure information proved to be the most entertaining for audiences. This provides early evidence that the presentation of physiological information during a sporting event can impact feelings of enjoyment, meaningfulness, and perceptions of knowledge of the sport. There is promise for these measures to be used in sports media, provided that best practices are followed and attention is paid to important factors.
Agricultural Water Trading Restrictions and Drought Resilience

Policies that seek to reduce groundwater open-access externalities may be in conflict with the facilitation of water trading during droughts. Using panel data on cropland values, we examine this interaction in the context of groundwater export restrictions. We find that land subject to restrictions experienced a relative decline of 34% ($2,057/acre, roughly half of foregone potential water sales revenue) during the drought immediately following implementation of the policies. During a later, more severe drought, there is no difference in value. Our empirical approach also provides novel estimates of the value of changes in groundwater stock. (JEL Q15, Q18)
Domain-independent upper bounds for eigenvalues of elliptic operators

Let Q C IR"m be a bounded open set, AQ its boundary and A the Laplacian on Rm . Consider the elliptic differential equation: (1) -Au = Au in Q; u = 0 on AQ. It is known that the eigenvalues, )i, of (1) satisfy n M n (2) i=l n+1l 1 provided that 'n+l > An In this paper we abstract the method used by Hile and Protter [2] to establish (2) and apply the method to a variety of second-order elliptic problems, in particular, to all constant coefficient problems. We then consider a variety of higher-order problems and establish an extension of (2) for problem (1) where the Laplacian is replaced by a more general operator in a Hilbert space.
Mapping OCL into SQL: Challenges and Opportunities Ahead

In this paper, we discuss some of the challenges and opportunities that arise when mapping OCL into SQL. For the challenges, we review the past proposals, evaluating their key design decisions and limitations. For the opportunities, we highlight the key role that OCLto-SQL code-generators can play in model-driven software development. By no means we pretend to exhaust the subject: other challenges and opportunities can be identified and brought up. Our present goal is to stir up again the discussion on this subject among the OCL community.
Just Chronic Sinusitis?

Our patient is a 15-year-old previously healthy AfricanAmerican female, who presented to the emergency department at Children’s Hospital of New Orleans with a 3-month history of sinus pain and congestion, headache, and intermittent fever. Prior to presentation, she had been closely followed by an otolaryngologist and was treated with multiple courses of oral antibiotics and 1 course of steroids with only transient improvement in her symptoms. A CT scan of the sinuses done 1 month prior to presentation was consistent with pansinusitis and negative for abscess or anatomical abnormality. Lab work sent by the otolaryngologist 2 days prior to presentation was significant for: hemoglobin of 9.8 mg/dL, hematocrit of 30.5%, a urinalysis with 3+ blood and 2+ protein, a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA; titer of 1:80), normal complete metabolic panel and normal coagulation factors. An antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) titer was ordered and was pending at presentation. She was brought to the emergency department because her parents felt that her sinusitis was getting worse. On arrival at the ER, further history revealed that for 2 to 3 weeks prior to presentation, she began having daily fevers (maximum temperature of 101.7°F), morning joint pain (wrists, elbows, and shoulders), a 5to 10-lb weight loss, decreased appetite, and a hoarse/quiet sounding voice. Her vital signs revealed a pulse of 130, blood pressure of 129/72, respiratory rate of 20, and a temperature of 100.1°F. Her physical exam was notable for a hoarse voice, slightly pale mucosa, dried blood in the nares bilaterally with swollen turbinates, and frontal sinus tenderness to palpation. She had no heart murmur, no joint abnormalities, no hepatosplenomegaly, no rash, no lymphadenopathy, and breath sounds were clear. The patient was admitted for chronic sinusitis unresponsive to outpatient management and to rule out an autoimmune process. Additional laboratory evaluation revealed an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 104 mm/h and a C-reactive protein level of 7.5 mg/dL. Urine protein/ creatinine ratio was elevated at 1.31. Her complement levels (C3, C4) were normal, as was an IgGAME panel. An ANA panel, including anti-Smith, anti-Ro/La, JO-1, SCL70, RNP, dsDNA, and anti-cardiolipin antibodies, was negative, and her c-ANCA level was positive, with a level of 1:40. A chest CT scan revealed multiple bilateral lung nodules with early cavitation as well as subglottic tracheal narrowing (see Figure 1). A kidney biopsy revealed mesangial proliferative necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (see Figure 2). Serum antibodies for myeloperoxidase, serine protease3, and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were positive for serine protease3 (level 701 AU/mL). This is consistent with the diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis.
Towards Specification and Testing of RISC-V ISA Compliance⋆

Compliance testing for RISC-V is very important. Therefore, an official hand-written compliance test-suite is being actively developed. However, this requires significant manual effort in particular to achieve a high test coverage.In this paper we propose a test-suite specification mechanism in combination with a first set of instruction constraints and coverage requirements for the base RISC-V ISA. In addition, we present an automated method to generate a test-suite that satisfies the specification. Our evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness and potential of our method.
Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care: A Randomized Trial of a Skill-Based Parent Training with Parent Mentor Adaptation.

INTRODUCTION Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care (PriCARE) is a 6-session group training designed to teach positive parenting skills. Parent engagement in such programs is a common implementation barrier. Our objectives were to (1) examine the impact of a peer mentor on attendance and stigma and (2) replicate a previous study by measuring PriCARE's impact on child behavior and parenting practices. METHOD Parents of 2- to -6-year-old children without specific behavior problems were randomized to mentored PriCARE (n = 50), PriCARE (n = 50), or control (n = 50). Stigma was measured at 10 weeks. Child behavior and parenting practices were measured at baseline and 10 weeks using the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) and Parenting Scale (PS). Analysis of variance models were used to examine differences across groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference in attendance between mentored PriCARE and PriCARE arms (mean 3.80 vs 3.36 sessions, p = 0.35). Parents randomized to the mentor reported lower stigma (3.75 vs 5.04, p = 0.02). Decreases in the mean ECBI scores between 0 and 10 weeks were greater in the PriCARE arms (n = 100) compared with the control arm (n = 50), reflecting larger improvements in behavior [intensity: -7 (-2 to -13) vs 4 (-3 to 12) to p = 0.014; problem: -3 (-1 to -4) vs 1 (-1 to 3) to p = 0.007]. Scores on all PS subscales reflected greater improvements in parenting behaviors in PriCARE arms compared with control (all p < 0.04). CONCLUSION Adapting PriCARE with a peer mentor may decrease stigma but does not improve program attendance. PriCARE shows promise in improving behavior in preschool-aged children and increasing positive parenting practices.
A Randomised Trial to Optimise Gestational Weight Gain and Improve Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes through Antenatal Dietary, Lifestyle and Exercise Advice: The OPTIMISE Randomised Trial

There are well-recognised associations between excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including an increased risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes and caesarean birth. The aim of the OPTIMISE randomised trial was to evaluate the effect of dietary and exercise advice among pregnant women of normal body mass index (BMI), on pregnancy and birth outcomes. The trial was conducted in Adelaide, South Australia. Pregnant women with a body mass index in the healthy weight range (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) were enrolled in a randomised controlled trial of a dietary and lifestyle intervention versus standard antenatal care. The dietitian-led dietary and lifestyle intervention over the course of pregnancy was based on the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. Baseline characteristics of women in the two treatment groups were similar. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of infants with birth weight above 4.0 kg between the Lifestyle Advice and Standard Care groups (24/316 (7.59%) Lifestyle Advice versus 26/313 (8.31%) Standard Care; adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54 to 1.55; p = 0.732). Despite improvements in maternal diet quality, no significant differences between the treatment groups were observed for total GWG, or other pregnancy and birth outcomes.
The Effects of Lower-Extremity Plyometric Training on Soccer-Specific Outcomes in Adult Male Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND Plyometric training is a specific form of strength training that is used to improve the physical performance of athletes. An overview of the effects of plyometric training on soccer-specific outcomes in adult male soccer players is not available yet. PURPOSE To systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of plyometric training on soccer-specific outcome measures in adult male soccer players and to identify which programs are most effective. METHODS PubMed, Embase/Medline, Cochrane, PEDro, and Scopus were searched. Extensive quality and risk of bias assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROBINS 2.0 for randomized trials. A random effects meta-analysis was performed using Cochrane Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS Seventeen randomized trials were included in the meta-analysis. The impact of plyometric training on strength, jump height, sprint speed, agility, and endurance was assessed. Only jump height, 20-m sprint speed, and endurance were significantly improved by plyometric training in soccer players. Results of the risk of bias assessment of the included studies resulted in overall scores of some concerns for risk of bias and high risk of bias. CONCLUSION This review and meta-analysis showed that plyometric training improved jump height, 20-m sprint speed, and endurance, but not strength, sprint speed over other distances, or agility in male adult soccer players. However, the low quality of the included studies and substantial heterogeneity means that results need to be interpreted with caution. Future high-quality research should indicate whether or not plyometric training can be used to improve soccer-specific outcomes and thereby enhance performance.
Dyslipidemias and cardiovascular risk scores in urban and rural populations in north-western Tanzania and southern Uganda

Background Dyslipidemia is a leading risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. There are few published epidemiological data regarding dyslipidemia in Africa. We determined full lipid and apolipoprotein profiles and investigated factors associated with lipid levels in urban and rural populations of north-western Tanzania and southern Uganda. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of randomly-selected, community-dwelling adults (≥18yrs) including five strata per country: one municipality, two district towns and two rural areas. Participants were interviewed and examined using the World Health Organization STEPwise survey questionnaire. Serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins were measured. Factors associated with mean lipid levels were assessed by multivariable linear regression. Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risk scores were calculated with and without lipids. Results One-third of adults in the study population had dyslipidemia. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol affected 32–45% of rural adults. High total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B were found in <15% of adult population in all strata, but were more common in urban adults. Factors independently associated with higher mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were female gender, older age, higher education, higher income, obesity, and hypertension. Framingham cardiovascular risk scores with and without lipids yielded similar results and 90% of study subjects in all strata were classified as “low risk”. Among older adults (>55 years), 30% were classified as “high” or “very high” risk. Conclusions Dyslipidemias are common among adults in north-western Tanzania and southern Uganda affecting one third of adult population. Overall, cardiovascular risk scores are low but high risk scores are common with older adults. Health services designed and equipped to diagnose and treat dyslipidemia are urgently needed.
Integrating General Strain Theory and Trauma-Informed Principles into the Study of Older Adult Victimization

ABSTRACT Prevalence rates for late life victimization are well-documented. The literature has expanded, in part due to the identification of elder justice as a key priority for federal funding. The interdisciplinary field of criminology has begun addressing elder victimization and its consequences, informed by General Strain Theory (GST). It is challenging to connect the findings from this research to evidence-based interventions for older victims. Trauma-informed principles (TIP) – when linked with GST – offer a means for doing so. The current review contributes to the extant literature by examining connections between these perspectives, with the goal of encouraging future research, and ultimately informing treatment for older adult victims.
Effects of age and mood on emotional face processing differ depending on the intensity of the facial expression

ABSTRACT Research suggests that mood can moderate age differences in recognizing facial emotion. In this study, we examined how an anxious versus calm mood state affected younger and older adults’ processing of emotional faces. Older adults had greater difficulty identifying negative emotions, particularly when emotions were displayed at a low intensity level. However, an anxious mood did not affect age differences in emotional face recognition. In contrast, age, emotional intensity, and current mood state all affected the perceived intensity of emotion. The effects of age and mood on perceived emotional intensity were only observed for low intensity facial expressions. When induced into an anxious mood, younger adults perceived threatening emotions (i.e., fear, anger) as more emotionally intense, whereas older adults perceived anger and happiness to be more intense. These findings emphasize the need to consider both internal and external factors when investigating the effects of age on emotional face processing.