Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glyceraldehyde Phosphate at the Reducing Terminus of Salmonella O Haptens

The O antigen polysaccharide of Salmonella montevideo was isolated from a core-defective mutant by the phenol/water procedure, and was suspected to contain phosphomonoester and cyclic phosphodiester at its reducing end in anology to the O hapten from Salmonella typhimurium (Kent and Osborn, 1968). Therefore, it was chromatographed on a DEAE-cellulose column. Whereas one part eluted with water the other part of the polysaccharide could only be eluted with buffer. Both fractions were further purified on Sephadex G100 and contained mannose, glucose, N-acetylglucosamine and phosphate in a molar ratio of 4:1:1: < 0.1. In order to specifically label the reducing end phosphate was removed enzymatically, or the presumed cyclic diester was cleaved by mild hydrolysis, and the fractions were reduced with sodium boro[3H]hydride. Both fractions yield mainly [3H]glycerol after hydrolysis and paper chromatography. In addition, [3H]mannitol and [3H]monohydroxyacetone could be identified by paper chromatography and were concluded to be the result of phosphate migration and β-elimination reactions taking place during the isolation procedure and the various treatments prior to sodium boro[3H]-hydride reduction. These findings in addition to periodate oxidation studies indicated that the O antigen polysaccharide of Salmonella montevideo had glyceraldehyde phosphate at its reducing end. From the incorporation of 3H into the polysaccharide the O antigen was calculated to consist of about 19 repeating units of 6 sugar residues each.
On the systematics of Trypoxylon scrobiferum Richards and T. anapaike Amarante with the recognition of a new species group in the subgenus Trypoxylon (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Trypoxylini)

Os machos previamente desconhecidos de Trypoxylon scrobiferum Richards e Trypoxylon anapaike Amarante sao descritos e a sua genitalia ilustrada. Ambas especies sao transferidas do subgenero Trypargilum para o subgenero Trypoxylon, incluidas em um novo grupo de especies, grupo scrobiferum, aqui criado para abriga-las.
Supply and demand of the industrialised building system component by the CIDB registered manufacturer

The Malaysian Construction Industry is the oldest industry in Malaysia and it is very important to improve the economic development of the country. Through the Construction Industry Transformation Plan (CITP) 2016-2020 by the government, the construction industry will be focusing on the usage IBS. The main reason is due to the construction industry is the basis of the economic structure in the growth of domestic activity in the realization of vision 2020.The construction industry is an important branch of the economy. The use of advanced technologies IBS is an effective way and the government must encourage it to be used more developers and contractors. According to the Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government Minister, Datuk Abdul Rahman Dahlan, a lot of things that need to be taken into account before developers using the IBS include a number of demand and supply in each country. If IBS is not used by all developers, it can lead to rising construction costs. Therefore, the issue of supply and demand in the IBS will be serious. However, issues of demand and supply in the IBS currently under investigation as CIDB promote these components to drive productivity in the construction sector. Therefore, this study is necessary to answer the issues, obstacles and ways to improve the flow of supply and demand components IBS registered under CIDB.
Milking of microalgae revisited

Dunaliella salina is een groene alg die in staat is om grote hoeveelheden betacaroteen te produceren als hij gestrest wordt. Een nieuw proces dat is voorgesteld, is om dez alg continu te kweken in een gesloten fotobioreactor en gelijktijdig de carotenoiden uit de biomassa te extraheren. Voor deze extractie wordt een tweefase-systeem toegepast, met dodecaan als biocompatibele organische fase. Het idee hierachter was dat de cellen hun carotenoiden aan de organische fase afstaan en tegelijkertijd nieuwe carotenoiden produceren om hun voorraad op te vullen. Echter, hoe het mechanisme achter dit proces precies werkte was nog onbekend. Om het mogelijk te maken het voorgestelde tweefase systeem te optimaliseren is het nodig om het mechanisme achter de extractie precies te begrijpen. Bovendien, zodra het mechanisme bekend en beheersbaar is, kan het tweefase-syteem worden toegepast ook op andere microalgen, zoals bijvoorbeeld voor de productie van biodiesel.
Resistance to antimicrobial agents in Campylobacter isolated from chickens raised in intensive and organic farms and its implications for the management of risk to human health

The use of antimicrobials in poultry may lead to the emergence of resistant micro-organisms that could cause additional health risk to humans through food consumption. This study aims to investigate the relative health risks from Campylobacter and its antimicrobial resistance associated with chicken raised in organic and intensive rearing systems. Three groups of chicken were tested, pre-packaged intensively reared (PIC) and pre-packaged organically reared chickens (POC) both purchased from supermarkets and unwrapped intensively reared (BIC) chickens purchased from butcher' shops in London. Thirty chickens were randomly sampled for each group. Campylobacter was isolated using three culture methods and enumerated using most probable number method (MPN). A modified MPN was also developed for the study. Resistance rates to three antimicrobials were determined using an agar dilution method. Numbers and antimicrobial resistance rates of campylobacter were used in consumer risk models to calculate health risks. The BICs harboured significantly highest numbers of Campylobacter (8.0+0.81log₁₀MPN/g), followed by the POCs and PICs. All isolates from all groups of chickens were resistant to erythromycin and nalidixic acid. All isolates from the POCs were susceptible to ciprofioxacin, whereas 8.7% of the PICs and 26.7% of the BICs harboured resistant isolates. The calculated risk of campylobacter associated illness related to the consumption of chicken meals using the dose response relationship model was found to be the highest for the BICs group (33% probability). However, this is the worst case scenario. If elevated internal temperatures (63°C-72°C) are achieved for a sufficient length of time (1-5 minutes), this risk is reduced to <1 %. High resistance rates to antimicrobials may generate additional risk where levels of infection are high. Potential intervention options for the reduction of campylobacter load in chickens and the control of antimicrobial resistance were considered. The most significant factors found were the initial number of organisms, personal hygiene practices and cooking procedures.
Corticosterone measurement in Komodo dragon shed skin

The analysis of corticosterone (CORT), the main glucocorticoid in reptiles, via blood or faeces provides an index of hormone concentrations over a relatively short time period. Unlike these conventional matrices, snake shed skin is supposed to incorporate circulating CORT over the period of skin growth, thus reflecting long-term retrospective levels of the hormone. The present study aimed to assess the feasibility to extract CORT from shed skin of Komodo dragon and biochemically validate the quantification of the hormone by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Additionally, possible sources of variation in shed skin CORT that could reflect biological variation were examined (sex, age, body region and season of ecdysis). Results of the biochemical validation showed that CORT can be reliably measured in shed skin of Komodo dragon by EIA through the presented methodology. Males presented statistically higher levels of CORT than females, and when accounting for males’ seasonal differences, concentrations decreased significantly from spring to summer. Juveniles showed higher CORT values than adults, however, results should be interpreted with caution since the model revealed that date of ecdysis was significantly influencing CORT levels. Besides that, concentrations of CORT were not influenced by body region. Overall, the present study demonstrates a potential biological source of variation in shed skin CORT concentrations due to sex, age and season of skin ecdysis. Combined with other indicators, detection of CORT concentrations in shed skin could allow a systematic control of Komodo dragon’s physiology, offering a useful tool for zoo management and providing key data for the species conservation.
Lepidium meyenii （ Maca ） improved semen parameters in adult men

Aim: The present study was designed to determine the effect of a 4-month oral treatment with tablets of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on seminal analysis in nine adult normal men aged 24 - 44 years old. Methods: Nine men received tablets of Maca (1500 or 3000 mg/day) for 4 months. Seminal analysis was performed according to guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) were measured before and after treatment. Results: Treatment with Maca resulted in increased seminal volume, sperm count per ejaculum, motile sperm count, and sperm motility. Serum hormone levels were not modified with Maca treatment. Increase of sperm count was not related to dose of Maca.Conclusion: Maca improved sperm production and sperm motility by mechanisms not related to LH, FSH, PRL, T and E2 .
Examining the zinc binding site of the amyloid-β peptide

The amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is a principal component of insoluble amyloid plaques which are characteristic neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease. Aβ also exists as a normal soluble protein that undergoes a pathogenic transition to an aggregated, fibrous form. This transition can be affected by extraneous proteinaceous and nonproteinaceous elements, such as zinc ions, which may promote aggregation and/or stabilization of the fibrils. Protein chelation of zinc is typically mediated by histidines, cysteines and carboxylates. Previous studies have demonstrated that the Aβ-Zn2+ binding site is localized within residues 6–28 and that histidines may serve as the principal sites of interaction. To localize key residues within this region, a series of Aβ peptides (residues 1–28) were synthesized that contained systematic His/Ala substitutions. Circular dichroism and electron microscopy were used to monitor the effects of Zn2+ on the peptide β-sheet conformation and fibril aggregation. Our results indicate that substitution of either His13 or His14 but not His6 eliminates the zinc-mediated effects. These observations indicate a specific zinc binding site within Aβ that involves these central histidine residues.
Contrasting Population Dynamics of the Endemic New Caledonian Conifer Araucaria laubenfelsii in Maquis and Rain Forest

This study compares demographic parameters and population dynamics for high disturbance (maquis) and low disturbance (rain forest) environments of the montane conifer, Araucaria laubenfelsii, in New Caledonia. The establishment, growth, survival and reproduction of ca 2500 individuals were followed in permanent plots over 10 yr. Growth and survival rates for A. laubenfelsii show that it is a long‐lived, slow growing tree, with evidence of suppression in the sapling size classes in mature rain forest. Growth rates for all size classes are generally faster in maquis than rain forest. Transition matrix analyses estimated positive rates of population increase (λ values>1), with populations expanding in maquis, and stable in mature forest. Araucaria laubenfelsii is able to regenerate continuously in maquis and early successional rain forest, but recruitment is limited in older stands. Life table response experiment analyses showed that reproduction, and transitions from sapling to mature tree stage, contributed positively to λ in maquis, but negatively in forest. Araucaria laubenfelsii on Mont Do can be considered a long‐lived pioneer, with early maquis colonizers helping to drive succession from maquis to forest. While opportunities for recruitment decline with time as rain forest sites develop a closed canopy, occasional gap phase recruitment, combined with disturbance by cyclones, landslides and fire, provide opportunities to ensure species persistence. Understanding contrasting population dynamics of A. laubenfelsii in maquis and rain forest will better facilitate conservation management of this species, particularly given current high rates of land conversion and degradation in New Caledonia.
Does the Importance of Word-Initial and Word-Final Information Differ in Native versus Non-Native Spoken-Word Recognition?

This paper investigates whether the importance and use of word-initial and word-final information in spoken-word recognition is dependent on whether one is listening in a native or a non-native language and on the presence of background noise. Native English and non-native Dutch and Finnish listeners participated in an English word recognition experiment, where either a word’s onset or offset was masked by speech-shaped noise with different signal-to-noise ratios. The results showed that for all listener groups the masking of word onset information was more detrimental to spoken-word recognition than the masking of word offset information. The reliance on word-initial information was larger in harder listening conditions for the English but not so for the Dutch and Finnish listeners. Moreover, no significant differences in the use of word-initial and word-final information were found between the two non-native listener groups. Taken together, these results show that the reliance on word-initial information in deteriorating listening conditions seems to be dependent on whether one is listening in one’s native or a non-native language rather than on the listener’s native language.
Regulation of CCR5 use on primary CD4+ lymphocytes by R5X4 HIV-1

HIV-1 strains that use CCR5 predominate after transmission and during the asymptomatic period of disease. However, in up to half of infected people, variants that use CXCR4 emerge, coincident with accelerated disease progression. The earliest CXCR4 using strains to appear, called R5X4 viruses, usually retain CCR5 use. Prototype R5X4 HIV-1 isolates infect macrophages using CCR5 and CXCR4, but CD4+ lymphocyte infection by these viruses is mediated predominantly by CXCR4. Here, we sought to identify obstacles to CCR5 use on CD4+ lymphocytes by R5X4 HIV-1. Using a panel of R5X4 Envs we found that, although CXCR4 was the predominant coreceptor used to infect CD4+ lymphocytes, there was a spectrum of CCR5 use. Greater CCR5 use on lymphocytes correlated with relative resistance to inhibition by CCR5 mAbs and small molecule antagonists in CCR5+ indicator cells. Increasing CCR5 expression on primary lymphocytes through cytokine stimulation or lentiviral transduction increased the proportion of entry mediated by CCR5 for all R5X4 isolates except 89.6. Env dependence on CCR5 density was then evaluated using a cell line in which levels of CD4 and CCR5 could be independently regulated. At non-limiting CD4 levels, strains with greater lymphocyte CCR5 use were better able to exploit limiting levels of CCR5, whereas those that used lymphocyte CCR5 poorly were more sensitive to reductions in CCR5 levels. Evaluation of the V3 sequences of the R5X4 viruses using algorithms that . Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Cell & Molecular Biology First Advisor Ronald G. Collman
Plant Diversity and Evolution: Genotypic and Phenotypic Variation in Higher Plants

Importance of plant diversity Relationships between the families of flowering plants Diversity and evolution of gymnosperms Chloroplast genomes of plants The mitochondrial genome of higher plants: A target for natural adaptation Polyploidy and evolution in plants Genetic variation in plant populations: Assessing cause and pattern Evolution of the flower Diversity in plant cell walls Ecological importance of species diversity Genomic diversity in nature and domestication Conserving genetic diversity in plants of environmental, social or economic importance
Induction Support for New Teachers: A Blog as a Tool for Professional Development

The purpose of this research was two-fold. First, while the use of Web 2.0 tools in education has increased, there has been limited research in how teachers (and teacher educators) are using these tools for their own professional development. This article describes one tool used to support beginning teachers. Secondly, this study was designed to survey the readers of a blog of which the researcher is primary author. As author of the blog for six years, it is important to make sure that the content of the blog is as relevant to new teachers as possible. The survey results contribute not only to the research on blogging as a tool for professional development, but help the researcher craft future posts on the blog as suggested by participants. About Author: Dr. Catherine Kelly, an assistant professor at St. Catherine University, teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in education. Her research interests focus on effective preparation and induction of elementary teachers. She also authors a blog for early-career teachers, found at http://newteachertalkonline.blogspot. com/.
Bridging the morphological and biological species concepts: studies on the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) complex (Diptera : Tephritidae : Dacinae) in South-east Asia

Defining species accurately is a critical need in fundamental disciplines such as ecology and evolutionary biology and in applied arenas such as pest management. The validity of species designations depends on agreement of different methods of species diagnosis for unique biological species. The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies provide an excellent opportunity for such a test of the congruence of different techniques (e.g. morphological, molecular, host-plant based, chemotaxonomy) used for species diagnosis. The complex contains a large number of closely-related species, is distributed over a wide geographical range in South-east Asia and considerable information has been compiled on some species. In the present study, the morphological and biological species boundaries were compared using new data from morphometric analyses of reproductive and body parts, together with a review of data on morphology, chemistry of male pheromones that are important in courtship and mating, molecular analyses, and endemic rainforest host plants. For the populations studied (Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera occipitalis, Bactrocera papayae, Bactrocera philippinensis, Bactrocera kandiensis and Bactrocera invadens) there appears to be significant congruence between the morphological and biological species boundaries.
Genetic Variation and Geographic Population Structure of Amphidromous Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis as Examined by Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing

Sequence analysis on the mitochondrial DNA control region was conducted for seven samples of amphidromous ayu Plecoglossus altivelis, six from the Japanese Archipelago and one from the Korean Peninsula, to understand their genetic variation and geographic population structure. The larger extent of net nucleotide substitution between Korean and Japanese samples, shown by intrasample clustering of the Korean samples in neighbor-joining phylogram, indicated that the Korean sample represented a genetically distinct population. Within the Japanese Archipelago, intrasample nucleotide diversities were high and masked intersample nucleotide divergences, with no obvious correspondence between genetic (net nucleotide substitution) and geographical distances. This may imply that at the mitochon drial DNA level there was no genetic differentiation among samples and they belonged to a single large population. However, minute but significant heterogeneities in the degree of intrasample nucleotide diversity and the frequency of nucleotide substitution at specific sites among Japanese Archipelago sam ples suggests the population is substructured as a metapopulation.
Induction of Rhizobium Inoculants Harboring Salicylic Acid Gene

2 Abstract: In this study eight antibiotics and six heavy metals were used for genetic marking of seven Rhizobium strains and six Pseudomonas strains to be used in conjugation. Six pseudomonas strains were selected on the basis of IAA and salicylic acid production to be used as a donor against seven Rhizobium strains as recipients. All the matins between rhizobiunm and pseudomonas strains were successed except for the four matings between; RL-3841 X P.putida21, RL-4406 X P.putida21, RL- 4404 X P.putida21 and RL-4404 X PF-10 which did not appeared any recombinants on selective medium. Plasmids from seven rhizobium and six Pseudomonas strains were cured using elevated 12 37 40 45 52 53 78 79 temperatures method. Some recombinants (Tr , Tr , Tr , Tr , Tr , Tr , Tr and Tr ) appeared significant increase in IAA production usim the complete medium supplemented with tryptophan in relation to the mid-parents. All bacterial transconjugants harboring DNA from two sources produced high levels of salicylic, these have a beneficial effect in controlling plant parasites. Bacteriocin produced from all Rhizobium strains inhibit the growth of PF-50090 strain, except for that produced from two strains RL-3841 and RL-2070. In contrast bacteriocins produced from all Rhizobium strains did not inhibit on the growth of P.putida. Bacteriocins produced from P. putida21 inhibit all rhizobium strains. All bacteriocines produced by bacterial strains caused growth inhibition against Agr1513 except for three Rhizobium strains; RL-2070, RL-2074 and RL-207. As well as, all bacteriocins produced by transconjugants had the same effect against Agr1513, except for the 10 transconjugant Tr . All Pseudomonas strains were successfully to inhibit the growth of Agr1513 in Petri dishes. Whereas, only one Rhizobium strain RL-4404 had the same effect against Agr1513 in contrast, the other strains were failed to appear the same effect of antagonism. Six transconjugants 4567 9 14 (Tr , Tr , Tr , Tr , Tr and Tr ) were successfully to appeared antagonism against Agr1513. All Rhizobium strains and their transconjugants appeared significant increase in nodules number per plant above the uninoculated plants among both seasons. Successful nodulation was achieved by the 23578 15 transconjugants Tr , Tr , Tr , Tr , Tr and Tr which produced a higher number of nodules developed 23578 15 per plant. Successful nodulation was achieved by transconjugants: Tr , Tr , Tr , Tr , Tr and Tr which produced a higher number of nodules developed per plant. All bacterial strains play an important role to improve the concentration of chlorophyll a at 45 days plant-old during both seasons and total 1357891 0 1 4 chlorophyll during the first season. Rhizobium transconjugants (T , Tr , Tr , Tr , Tr , Tr , Tr and Tr ) appeared significant increase in shoot N content at 45 days plant-old above uninoculated plants among two season. All rhizobium strains and their transconjugants appeared significant increase in seeds 11 1 content of total protein above uninoculated plants among both seasons except for Tr and Tr at the first season.