Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resumption ameliorates islands differently: Acceptability data from Modern Standard Arabic

Two acceptability experiments are presented which assess whether resumptive pronouns freely alternate with gaps and/or ameliorate island violation effects in wh-questions in Modern Standard Arabic. Both experiments test Complex Noun Phrase Constraint violations, adjunct island violations, and whether island violations. The results indicate that resumption is largely only acceptable with structurally complex DP fillers (which-NP) and is generally preferred to gapped structures in long-distance dependencies. Resumption is also shown to ameliorate the grammatical component of some island violations (adjunct and whether islands), but in different quantitative amounts across different islands. The overall picture which emerges is one in which resumption is quantitatively, but perhaps not qualitatively, helpful in repairing grammatical constraint violations in Modern Standard Arabic. 0Thanks to Souad Al Helou for assistance with stimuli creation and experimental procedure. Thanks to Salam Khalifa and Anas Shahrour for help with stimuli preparation. Thanks to the members of the United Arab Emirates University, Tommi Leung, and arabic-L email list for assistance with participant recruitment. Thanks to Jim McCloskey, Dustin Alfonso Chacón, two anonymous reviewers, and audiences at the 30th Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics and University of Minnesota for comments on previous versions of this work. All remaining faults are ours alone.
Conforming and Performing Planning Systems in Europe: An Unbearable Cohabitation

Two planning system models currently cohabit in Europe: a more traditional and widespread one, aspiring to ‘conform’ single projects to a collective strategy; and a different and less institutionalized one, promoting those projects capable of ‘performing’ a collective strategy. Historical and cultural reasons may explain the major diffusion and persistence of the former, but current needs of territorial governance lead to consider the latter as preferable. This is especially so in the light of the European Union (EU) integration process—such cohabitation is no longer bearable and conforming ambitions should be definitively abandoned. Spatial planning traditions and institutional planning approaches in Europe are varied (Newman & Thornley, 1996; Commission of the European Communities [CEC], 1997; Balchin et al., 1999; European Spatial Planning Observation Network [ESPON], 2007a). It seems plausible to admit, however, that they convene generally (exceptions, mentioned later in this section, are rare) in treating local implementation in terms of ‘conformance’: spatial development projects must conform themselves to the collective strategy affirmed by the plan, usually through a land-use zoning design. Several forms of this type of ‘conforming planning system’ are present inEuropean countries and elsewhere for historical and cultural reasons. Modern planning Abstract
Effect of Enzymes on the Dough Substituted for Amaranth Flour Properties and Bread Quality of Wheat Flour Partly

The commercial hard wheat fiour, "Cameria" replaced by amaranth fiour (-20%), was tested for its dough properties and baking qualities including sensory evaluation. The loaf volumes of bread baked with 5%, 10% and 20% of amaranth flour substitution were 94%, 89% and 83~;~o, respectively, of the control (wheat only). Additions of lipase (2,250 units/kg of flour) and hemicellulase (1 x 104 units/kg of fiour) to the 10~;~o-amaranth flour-substituted wheat fiour increased the loaf volumes about 18% and 23(~o, respectively, over the control. The firmness of breadcrumbs baked from lO%-amaranth fiour-substituted wheat flour added with lipase, hemiceltulase, or both of them after storage for three days became significantly softer than that of the control. Farinograph data showed the increase of water absorption, arrival time and weakness in proportion to the increase of amaranth flour substitution. Viscoelastic parameters of dough, such as modulus of elasticity and viscosity coefficient increased in proportion to the increase of amaranth flour substituted for wheat flour. Pasting properties of starch prepared from 10%amaranth ffour-substituted wheat dough with the addition of lipase, hemicellulase or both decreased setback and peak viscosity. Amaranth flour contained a higher amount of alkaline-insoluble protein than wheat flour. Sensory test of lO% -amaranth flour-substituted wheat bread did not show significant improvement compared to the control. However, the bread baked with lipase was preferred by most of the panel members to the control, except for its color.
Power Variations and Testing for Co‐Jumps: The Small Noise Approach

In this paper, we study the effects of noise on bipower variation, realized volatility (RV) and testing for co‐jumps in high‐frequency data under the small noise framework. We first establish asymptotic properties of bipower variation in this framework. In the presence of the small noise, RV is asymptotically biased, and the additional asymptotic conditional variance term appears in its limit distribution. We also propose consistent estimators for the asymptotic variances of RV. Second, we derive the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic proposed in (Ann. Stat. 37, 1792‐1838) under the presence of small noise for testing the presence of co‐jumps in a two‐dimensional Itô semimartingale. In contrast to the setting in (Ann. Stat. 37, 1792‐1838), we show that the additional asymptotic variance terms appear and propose consistent estimators for the asymptotic variances in order to make the test feasible. Simulation experiments show that our asymptotic results give reasonable approximations in the finite sample cases.
Monetary Policy and the Limits to Arbitrage: Insights from a New Keynesian Preferred Habitat Model

With conventional monetary policy unable to stabilize the economy in the wake of the global financial crisis, central banks turned to unconventional tools. This paper embeds a model of the term structure of interest rates featuring market segmentation and limits to arbitrage within a New Keynesian model to study these policies. Because the transmission of monetary policy depends on private agents with limited risk-bearing capacity, financial market disruptions reduce the efficacy of both conventional policy as well as forward guidance. Conversely, financial crises are precisely when large scale asset purchases are most effective. Policymakers can take advantage of the inability of financial markets to fully absorb these purchases, which can push down long-term interest rates and help stabilize output and inflation.
Implications for intraplate volcanism and back-arc deformation in northwestern New Zealand, from joint inversion of receiver functions and surface waves

SUMMARY We employ a joint inversion of teleseismic receiver functions and surface wave phase velocities to determine the shear wave velocity structure in the crust and upper mantle beneath northwestern New Zealand. Receiver functions primarily contain information on velocity contrasts, while surface waves are sensitive to the average shear velocity with depth. By performing a joint inversion we reduce the limitations of each method, resulting in a more robust shear wave model. Inversion results reveal regions of low shear wave velocity of ∼2.8 km s −1 in the mid-crust (10‐19 km depth) and ∼4.0 km s −1 in the upper mantle (70‐90 km depth) beneath Quaternary intraplate basalt fields. We infer that the mid-crustal low-velocity zones (LVZs) are bodies of partial melt, most likely rhyolite intrusions. We suggest that the upper mantle LVZ is caused by the melt-producing regions of the upper mantle and is a source for the basalts of the Auckland Volcanic Field. This is in agreement with models for a shallow upper mantle source rather than a deep-seated mantle plume for the Auckland volcanism. Average shear velocities for the upper crust are 3.4‐3.6 km s −1 , increasing to 3.6‐4.0 km s −1 in the lower crust. The Moho is interpreted to be 29 ± 1 km deep in the southern end of the array, shallowing to 26 ± 1 km towards the edge of the continental shelf of northern New Zealand. Low upper mantle shear velocities of 4.2 ± 0.1 km s −1 are observed, and are thought to represent a small percentage of partial melt in the upper mantle beneath this back-arc region. These low velocities extend to greater depth (∼90 km) beneath the southern stations, indicating that mantle deformation associated with the mantle wedge to the south may extend as far north as the southern end of our array. Near-surface low-velocity layers extend to 6 km depth beneath a station at the northern tip of New Zealand, likely representing the expression of a thick sequence of sediments from the Northland Allochthon and the more recent Northland Basin.
DE 1 observations of harmonic auroral kilometric radiation. Progress report

The plasma-wave instrument on board the DE 1 spacecraft observed several intervals of auroral kilometric radiation during which harmonic structure is clearly present. Evidence is presented, some of which is based on unique capabilities of the DE instrument, which argues strongly that the harmonic structures are natural rather than instrumental in origin. The harmonic emissions occur infrequently but, when present, may persist for intervals of up to an hour. The emissions are relatively narrow-band and consist of a relatively weak fundamental (10/sup -14/ V-sq/m-sq Hz) accompanied by an even weaker second harmonic. The ratio of power in the fundamental band to the power in the harmonic ranges from 10 to 100. In all cases, polarization data indicate that the fundamental is a left-hand ordinary (L-O) mode emission, while the harmonic is right hand extraordinary (R-X) mode. These observations are consistent with predictions based on the cyclotron-maser mechanism.
Market Discipline Working for and against Financial Stability: The Two Faces of Equity Capital in U.S. Commercial Banking

The second Basel Capital Accord points to market discipline as a tool to reinforce capital standards and supervision in promoting bank safety and soundness. The Bank for International Settlements contends that market discipline imposes strong incentives on banks to operate in a safe and efficient manner – in particular, to maintain an adequate capital base to absorb potential losses from their risk exposures. Using 2007 and 2013 data on top-tier, publicly traded U.S. bank holding companies, we find that market discipline rewards risk-taking at some of the largest U.S. financial institutions. In particular, we find evidence of two faces of equity investment – dichotomous capital strategies for maximizing value. At banks with higher-valued investment opportunities, a marginal increase in their equity capital ratio is associated with better financial performance, while at banks with lower-valued investment opportunities, a marginal decrease in their equity capital ratio is associated with better financial performance. Because the largest U.S. financial institutions tend to have lower-valued investment opportunities, our results suggest that they may have a market-based incentive to reduce their capital ratio. To the extent that market discipline rewards reducing the capital ratio among the largest banks, it would tend to undermine financial stability. Our results support the need for regulatory capital requirements.
Investor Behavior and the Benefits of Direct Stock Ownership

Using an experiment to rule out reverse causality, we examine whether a small investment in a company's stock leads investors to purchase more of the company's products and adopt other views and preferences that benefit the company. We preregister our research methods, hypotheses, and supplemental analyses via the Journal of Accounting Research’s registration‐based editorial process. We find little evidence consistent with these hypotheses for the average investor in our sample using our planned univariate hypothesis tests, and planned Bayesian parameter estimation shows substantial downward belief revision for more optimistic ex ante expectations of the treatment effects. In planned supplemental analyses, however, we do find that the effects of ownership on product purchase behavior and on regulatory preferences are intuitively stronger for certain subgroups of investors—namely, for investors who are most likely to purchase the types of products offered by the company and for investors who are most likely to vote on political matters. The results contribute to our understanding of the benefits of direct stock ownership and are informative to public company managers and directors.
Harnessing a ‘Currency Matrix’ for Performance Measurement in Cooperatives: A Multi-Phased Study

The cooperative organizational form is by nature a sustainable one, which has proved to be resilient in the face of crises and a solid lever in addressing present-day societal challenges. Still, little is known about its socio-economic impact. Also, despite the plethora of studies on cooperative performance, research remains inconclusive about how to best measure it. In fact, scholarly work has largely favored the use of appraisal tools reflecting those of investor-owned firms (IOFs), having undermined the dual idiosyncratic nature of the cooperative organizational form, which is manifest in the business and social-membership objectives. The goal of this article is to fill these gaps by delivering a comprehensive dashboard for cooperative performance assessment that harmonizes business–social aspects and catalogs the basic components for future attempts. To reach this goal, we used an extensive review of empirical research in cooperative performance (phase 1) and a Delphi study with 14 experts (phase 2). In addition, we reviewed comparable research efforts for a business form (social enterprises) that combines business with social goals and faces similar challenges (phase 3). This inquiry was particularly insightful for the social perspective and the overlooked role of cooperatives as a socially-embedded organizational form that hardly documents its societal impact and outreach.
Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Yacon (Smallanthus Sonchifolius Poepp. and Endl.) Chips: Effect of Cultivar, Pre-Treatment and Drying

Recent studies have associated the consumption of yacon root as a functional plant food with reduced glycemic index and, due to its considerable phenolic acid levels, a protection of cell membranes against free radical damage. This study examined the effect of four different treatments including: (1) storage duration after harvest (one and three weeks after harvest); (2) pre-treatment before drying (untreated, pre-treatment with diluted lime juice); (3) drying method (freeze drying (FD) and convective hot air drying (CHAD)); and (4) cultivar (white and red), on the quality of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. and Endl.) chips in terms of their total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) (ABTS (2,2′-Azino-Bis (3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid) Diammonium Salt) radical scavenging activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)). Overall, the chips that were produced using pre-treatment with diluted lime juice and FD had the highest amounts of TPC and AA. Regarding the chips produced by means of CHAD, retention of higher TPC and AA was possible with lime-juice pre-treatment and use of higher hot air temperatures. Moreover, chips produced from the white cultivar had higher TPC and AA than chips produced from the red cultivar.
Voodoo, Vaccines, and Bed Nets

We provide the first quantitative analysis to scrutinize the ample ethnographic evidence that magico-religious beliefs affect the demand for conventional health care in sub-Saharan Africa. We rely on the unique case of Benin, where Voodoo adherence is freely reported and varies greatly within villages and even within households yet can be traced to historic events that are arguably exogenous to present-day health-care behavior. These features allow us to account for confounding village and household factors and address self-selection into Voodoo. We find that Voodoo adherence of the mother is associated with lower uptake of preventive health-care measures and worse child health outcomes.
The Cleansing Effect of Recessions

This paper investigates the response of industries to cyclical variations in demand in the context of a vintage model of ? creative destruction. Due to process and product innovation, production units that embody the newest techniques are continuously being created, and outdated units are being destroyed. We investigate the extent to which changes in demand are accommodated on the creation or destruction margins. Although outdated production units are the most likely to turn unprofitable and be scrapped in a recession, they can be "insulated" from the fall in demand if it is accompanied by a reduction in the creation rate. The model's implications are broadly consistent with observed variations in manufacturing gross job flows. The calibrated model matches the relative volatilities of job creation and destruction, and their asymmetries over the cycle.
Decomposing global bank productivity growth: the role of non-performing loans, equity and technology

We propose a flexible functional form for estimating production performance that allows for endogeneity of the underlying inputs and outputs. The proposed model opts for a novel local likelihood estimation method that adequately deals with issues of endogeneity, whilst accounts for non-parametric heteroskedasticity in the covariance matrix of the error term. We argue that bank productivity as provided by our model based on bank micro-foundations is better suited to measure bank performance compared to efficiency. In the empirical section, we show the destructive effect of nonperforming loans on bank-specific TFP growth in advanced, emerging and developing economies. Technology, though, appears to positively contribute to bank TFP growth across the world. Furthermore, we show that bank risk-taking and raising capital by equity are negatively related to TFP growth, while liquidity has a positive impact.
Information Spillovers, Gains from Trade, and Interventions in Frozen Markets

We study government interventions in markets suffering from adverse selection. Importantly, asymmetric information prevents both the realization of gains from trade and the production of information that is valuable to other market participants. We find a fundamental tension in maximizing welfare: While some intervention is required to restore trading, too much intervention depletes trade of its informational content. We characterize the optimal policy that balances these two considerations and explore how it depends on features of the environment. Our model can be used to study a program introduced in 2009 to restore information production in the market for legacy assets
Optimization of the deposition parameters of DLC coatings with the MCVA method

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the optimal values of selected deposition parameters of diamond-like-carbon coatings (DLC) with the modified cathodic vacuum arc (MCVA) method which ensure obtaining of their most advantageous properties from the perspective of their application for the coating on high-speed steel tool substrates for woodworking. Design/methodology/approach: An analysis was conducted of the investigations into the influence of the selected deposition parameters of DLC coatings on the accepted optimization criteria with the use of the Taguchi module. Adhesion, hardness and friction wear resistance were accepted as the optimization criteria of DLC coatings for high-speed steel substrates. Findings: It was established on the basis of the statistical analysis of the research results that in order to ensure a high adhesion of DLC coatings to high-speed steel substrates, a thick Cr sublayer (0.3 μm) and a DLC coating (1.8 μm) is to be used, which is deposited at a high argon pressure (0.25 Pa); no substrate bias (the floating potential) is to be used. In order to obtain high hardness and friction wear resistance, higher values of substrate bias voltages (-80 V) and a low pressure of argon (0.01 Pa) are
Heterogeneity, distribution and financial fragility of non-financial firms: an agent-based stock-flow consistent (AB-SFC) model

In Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH), financial fragility of non-financial firms tends to increase endogenously over the cycle along with the macroeconomic leverage ratio. This analysis has been criticized for two main complementary reasons: firstly, it does not duly consider the aggregate pro-cyclicallity of profits; secondly, due to an overly aggregate analysis, some inferences about the relation between aggregate leverage and systemic fragility are potentially misleading. In this paper, we take these criticisms into account by building an agent-based stock-flow consistent model which integrates the real and financial sides of the economy in a fundamentally dynamic environment. We calibrate and simulate our model and show that the dynamics generated are in line with empirical evidence both at the micro and the macro levels. We create a financial fragility index and examine how systemic financial fragility relates to the aggregate leverage along the cycle. We show that our model yields both Min-skian regimes, in which the aggregate leverage increases along with investment, and Steindlian regimes, where investment brings leverage down. Our key findings are that the sensitivity of financial fragility to aggregate leverage is not as big as assumed in the literature; and that the distribution of profits amongst firms does matter for the stability of the system, both statically (immediately for financial fragility) and dynamically (because of the dynamics of leverage).
Identification of New Parameters for Ontology Based Semantic Similarity Measures

A major challenge among various applications of computational linguistics, natural language processing and information retrieval is to measure semantic similarity accurately. In this research paper, various ontology-based approaches i.e. compute semantic similarity between words have been studied and listed their benefits and shortcomings on the various identified parameters. Earlier, correlation with human judgment was the single criteria for the judgment of good similarity measures. In this paper, more parameters for semantic similarity measures have been identified and a relative analysis of similarity measures is performed on the identified parameters. These identified parameters can be further utilized for formulating the new semantic similarity-measures in the latest research area of text mining, web mining and information retrieval. We have identified various parameters like features-set, applicability on various ontologies such as single ontology, cross ontology or fuzzy ontology, Ontology type, dataset applied and relationship mapping for the various measures. Through detailed analysis we have found that feature based and hybrid approaches has higher accuracy as compare to edge and content based methods and works in different type of ontologies. Recent research drawing interest to find new feature set in this area like fuzzy distance, graph generation and text snippets etc. Max Accuracy was achieved in single ontology 0.87 and 0.83 over cross ontologies. WordNet and MeSH are maximally utilized Global Ontologies.