Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Mixed Virus Infection on Trichosanthes cucumerina L. in Akamkpa, Southern Cross River State, Nigeria

Trichosanthes cucumerina L is a tropical or subtropical fruit bearing crop of the Cucurbitaceae family. Field survey during 2020 planting season in Akamkpa, Southern Cross River State, Nigeria revealed widespread virus infection of the crop. Symptoms observed included severe leaf malformation/reduction and rugosity. This research was therefore aimed at identifying viruses infecting Trichosanthes cucumerina in this location. Infected leaf samples were collected and virus maintained on young seedlings of T. cucumerina in the Botanical Garden of University of Calabar, Nigeria. Diagnostic tools included ACP-ELISA and gene sequence analysis. The ELISA result revealed two viruses belonging to the genus Cucumovirus and Potyvirus. The identity of the viruses were determined after virus sequences were compared with other viruses available in the GenBank of National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using the basic local alignment search tool (BLASTn). The result revealed the Cucumovirus to be Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) while the Potyvirus was revealed to be Potato virus Y (PVY). This is the first report of mixed virus infection on Trichosanthes cucumerina in Nigeria. Original Research Article Eyong et al.; AJAAR, 15(2): 53-58, 2021; Article no.AJAAR. 67945 54
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF OPA RESERVOIR, ILE- IFE, SOUTHWEST NIGERIA USING MORMYRUS RUME AND TILAPIA ZILLII

In this study, the concentrations of five selected heavy metals: Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) and Selenium(Se) were determined in water and tissues of two fish species from Opa reservoir in Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Nigeria, with a view to assessing its pollution level. Water samples from the reservoir, and the liver, gills and fillet of six specimens of Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) and six specimens of Momyrus rume (Curvier and Valenciennes, 1846) were analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) for the selected metals. The mass order of the metals in the samples was: Pb>Ni>Se³Cd>Hg for water and Ni>Pb>Se>Cd 3 Hg for the fillet of both T. zillii and M. rume fillet. Ni concentration ranges in T. zillii fillet and M. rume fillet were as follows 2.60-3.00 μg/g and 2.20-2.80 μg/g, with the mean concentrations of 2.77±0.151 μg/g and 2.57±0.23. Se ranged in T. zillii fillet between 0.80 and 1.20 μg/g with mean concentration of 0.97±0.061 μg/g and in M. rume fillet, it ranged between 0.60 and 0.80 μg/g with mean concentration of 0.73±0.103 μg/g respectively. The two metals (Ni and Se) were higher in T. zillii fillet at 95% confidence interval than M. rume . Nickel and Cadmium were significantly higher at 95% level in T. zillii gill than M.rume gill. Ni in T. zillii gill ranged from 2.28-3.20 μg/g with mean concentration of 3.20±0.360 μg/g while Cd ranged from 0.60-0.80 μg/g with mean concentration of 0.73±0.103 μg/g. The concentrations of Pb, Ni and Hg in Opa reservoir water were higher than the permissible levels for EPA, 2002; WHO, 1983; WPCL, 2004 and SON, 2007 while nickel was much higher in the fillet than the FAO, 1976 and FAO 1983 recommended limits of heavy metals in fish food. The study concluded that the Opa reservoir was heavy metal polluted. Keywords : Opa Reservoir, Heavy Metals, Mormyrus rume and Tilapia zillii
OP33 Oral ritlecitinib and brepocitinib in patients with Moderate to Severe Active Ulcerative Colitis: Data from the VIBRATO umbrella study

The efficacy and safety of oral ritlecitinib (JAK3/TEC inhibitor) and brepocitinib (TYK2/JAK1 inhibitor) were assessed in a 32-week Phase 2b induction-maintenance umbrella study (VIBRATO) in participants with moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis who had inadequate or loss of response, or intolerance to corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or biologic therapies. We report efficacy and safety results from the 8-week induction period of the VIBRATO study. Adult participants with Total Mayo Score ≥6 and centrally-read Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥1 were randomised to receive oral ritlecitinib 20, 70, or 200 mg; brepocitinib 10, 30, or 60 mg; or placebo once-daily (QD) for 8 weeks. Participants then continued in their respective treatment cohorts to receive ritlecitinib 50 mg or brepocitinib 30 mg QD for 24 weeks. The proportions of patients who achieved remission (Total Mayo Score ≤2; no individual subscore >1; rectal bleeding subscore 0), modified remission (Modified Mayo Score: Total Mayo without Physician’s Global Assessment; stool frequency subscore ≤1; rectal bleeding subscore 0; endoscopic subscore ≤1), or endoscopic improvement (Mayo endoscopic subscore ≤1) were analysed. 319 participants were randomised: baseline mean (standard deviation [SD]) age 40.3 (13.8) years; mean (SD) Total Mayo Score 9.0 (1.5); and median (range) disease duration 4.8 (0.24, 36.5) years. Ritlecitinib and brepocitinib were generally safe and well tolerated. At Week 8, a dose–response relationship was observed across all efficacy endpoints for ritlecitinib and brepocitinib. The proportions of participants achieving remission were significantly higher (P<0.05) with ritlecitinib 70 and 200 mg and brepocitinib 30 and 60 mg vs placebo (Figure 1). The proportions of participants achieving endoscopic improvement and modified remission were significantly higher in all ritlecitinib and brepocitinib groups vs placebo (Figures 2 and 3). Ritlecitinib 70 and 200 mg QD and brepocitinib 30 and 60 mg QD demonstrated significant improvement in remission, modified remission, and endoscopic improvement in participants with moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis.
The Impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on the Interannual Relationship Between the Storm Track and SST Over the North Atlantic in Spring

ABSTRACT The present study shows that the intensity of the springtime Atlantic storm track (AST) is affected by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical northern Atlantic (TNA) region on an interannual time scale, and the AST intensity variation in turn induces the underlying SST anomalies in the following months using the reanalysis data. Moreover, the interannual relationship is modulated by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on a decadal time scale. During the negative phase of the AMO, AST activity weakens when warm SST anomalies appear in the TNA region, while warm TNA SST anomalies during the positive phase of the AMO correspond to a weakening of AST activity in the northeast region of the climatological AST. Anomalous westerly winds, Eady growth rate (EGR), and baroclinic energy conversion (BCEC) associated with the TNA SST anomalies can be found upstream of the AST anomalies during both AMO phases. On the other hand, the AST intensity variation is closely related to the underlying SST in the following months, especially in the next month. During the positive phase of the AMO, both the upward surface net heat flux (Q net) and westerly wind anomalies related to the AST are more marked than those during the negative phase of the AMO. This results in significant negative and westward-extending SST anomalies over the extratropical North Atlantic. This study suggests that the ocean–atmosphere interaction processes associated with the springtime AST variability are modulated by the AMO.
How Informative Is the Text of Securities Complaints?

Much of the research in law and finance reduces complex texts down to a handful of variables. Legal scholars have voiced concerns that this dimensionality reduction loses important detail that is embedded in legal text. This article assesses this critique by asking whether text analysis can capture meaningful predictive information. It does so by applying text analysis and machine learning to a corpus of private securities class action complaints that contains over 90 million words. This analysis produces three primary findings: (1) the best performing models predict outcomes with an accuracy rate of about 70%, which is higher than baseline rates; (2) a hybrid model that uses both text and nontext components performs better than either of these two components alone; and (3) the predictions made by the machine learning models are associated with substantial abnormal returns in the days after cases get filed (JEL G10, G14).
The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-1A -889C>T (rs1800587), TNF-A -238G>A (rs361525), and VDR TaqI (rs731236) on susceptibility to herniated nucleus pulposus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The pathogenesis of herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) is complex and may involve the wide variety of gene polymorphism. However, the reports from the existing studies are inconclusive. The objective of this study was to determine the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin 1 alpha ( IL-1A), tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-A), and vitamin D receptor ( VDR) genes on the susceptibility to herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP). Methods: Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science) were searched as of April 1 st, 2021. Authors, publication year, targeted genes, genotype and allele frequency in each case and control groups were collected. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the publication quality. The pooled estimates of association of IL-1A -889C>T (rs1800587), TNF-A -238G>A (rs361525), and VDR TaqI (rs731236) and susceptibility to HNP were assessed using Z test. Results: We screened 3,067 unique studies for eligibility and three, two and nine case-control studies on IL-1A -889C>T, TNF-A -238G>A, and VDR TaqI were included, respectively, in our meta-analysis. The studies consisting 369 HNP cases and 433 controls for IL-1A -889C>T, 252 cases and 259 controls for TNF-A -238G>A and 1130 cases and 2096 controls for VDR TaqI. Our pooled estimates indicated that there was no significant association of those SNPs with the susceptibility to HNP in any genotype, dominant model, recessive model, or allele comparations. Conclusion: Although individual studies suggested the important role of gene expression dysregulation associated with SNPs in IL-1A, TNF-A, and VDR, our data indicated that IL-1A -889C>T, TNF-A -238G>A, and VDR TaqI had weak association with HNP susceptibility in both genotypes and allele distributions. However, since heterogeneity was identified among studies included in this meta-analysis, further meta-analysis with a larger population and subgroup analysis on specific population are warranted to support this finding.
TROPION-PanTumor01: Dose analysis of the TROP2-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd, DS-1062) for the treatment (Tx) of advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

9058 Background: Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd; DS-1062) is an ADC composed of a humanized anti-TROP2 IgG1 monoclonal antibody conjugated to a topoisomerase I inhibitor via a tetrapeptide-based cleavable linker. Methods: TROPION-PanTumor01 (NCT03401385) is a multicenter dose-escalation/expansion study evaluating Dato-DXd administered Q3W in patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC (since expanded to other tumor types, excluded from this analysis). Efficacy and safety were evaluated in 175 pts for dose analysis. Pharmacometric analyses (population pharmacokinetics [popPK] and exposure-response modeling) were conducted across doses to inform dose selection for further development. Results: At data cutoff (Sept 4, 2020), median follow-up was 7.4 mo (range, 0.10-21.7 mo). Select all-grade TEAEs were 1.5- to 2-fold higher in the 8 mg/kg vs 4 and 6 mg/kg cohorts: vomiting (34% vs 12% and 18%), anemia (28% vs 4% and 16%), diarrhea (20% vs 6% and 11%), and mucositis (29% vs 6% and 13%). Rates of grade ≥3 drug-related TEAEs and serious drug-related TEAEs were ≥2-fold higher with the 8 mg/kg dose (n = 80; 34% and 20%) relative to the 4 mg/kg (n = 50; 10% and 8%) and 6 mg/kg (n = 45; 16% and 9%) doses. Rates of drug-related interstitial lung disease (ILD), as determined by an independent adjudication committee, were higher in the 8 mg/kg cohort (15% vs 2% and 2% in the 4 and 6 mg/kg cohorts); 3 pts in the 8 mg/kg cohort experienced grade 5 ILD. Dose interruptions and reductions due to TEAEs increased with dose (4 mg/kg: 4% and 2%; 6 mg/kg: 20% and 9%; 8 mg/kg: 20% and 31%). More pts in the 8 mg/kg cohort discontinued Tx early due to AEs (15%) compared with those in the 4 mg/kg (4%) and 6 mg/kg (7%) cohorts. ORRs determined by blinded independent central review were similar: 8 mg/kg, 25% (20/80); 6 mg/kg, 21% (8/39); and 4 mg/kg, 23% (9/40). Preliminary median PFS (95% CI) was 5.4 mo (4.1-7.1 mo) in the 8 mg/kg cohort, 8.2 mo (1.5-11.8 mo) in the 6 mg/kg cohort, and 4.3 mo (2.0 mo-NE) in the 4 mg/kg cohort. PFS was limited by early censoring due to immature duration of follow-up, with the majority of pts having ≤3 mo of follow-up in the 4 (66%) and 6 mg/kg (67%) cohorts vs 8 mg/kg (46%) cohort. In pharmacometric analyses, tumor-size change from baseline and probability of complete response/partial response positively correlated with exposure (AUC) of Dato-DXd. Incidences of dose reduction and grade ≥2 stomatitis/mucositis were also positively correlated with exposure; projected probabilities in a virtual population bootstrapped from pts with NSCLC in the popPK data confirmed these trends. Updated results will be presented. Conclusions: A Dato-DXd dose of 6 mg/kg was selected for the randomized, phase 3, TROPION-Lung01 trial (NCT04656652) based on better tolerance and improved efficacy, including a trend toward increased PFS. Clinical trial information: NCT03401385.
Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of B-Cr Coatings Formed on 145Cr6 Tool Steel by Laser Remelting of Diffusion Borochromized Layer Using Diode Laser

The paper presents study results focused on the microstructural, mechanical, and physicochemical properties of B-Cr coatings obtained by means of modification of diffusion borochromized layers by diode laser beam. The studies were conducted on 145Cr6 tool steel. Diffusion borochromized layers were produced at 950 °C in powder mixture containing boron carbides as a source of boron and ferrochrome as a source of chromium. In the next step these layers were remelted using laser beam. Powers: 600, 900, and 1200 W were used during these processes. The microstructure, microhardness, chemical composition, as well as wear and corrosion resistance of newly-formed B-Cr coatings were determined. As a result of laser beam interaction, the diffusion borochromized layer was mixed with the steel substrate. The study showed that too low laser beam power causes cracks in the newly formed B-Cr coating, and on the other hand, too higher laser beam power causes deep remelting resulting in the loss of microhardness. The reduced corrosion resistance in comparison with diffusion borochromized layers was caused by occurrence cracks or deep remelting. For B-Cr coatings produced using laser beam power 600 W, a small decrease in wear resistance was observed, but note that this coating was much thicker than diffusion borochromized layers. On the other hand, laser beam power of 1200 W caused a significant decrease in wear resistance. Newly formed B-Cr coatings had an advantageous microhardness gradient between the layer and the substrate.
Hygienic status of raw milk adulterated with added water in El-Beheira governorate

Milk is known as a full diet because it includes the essential elements needed for growth, development and body maintenance, such as proteins, fat, sugar, minerals and vitamins. However, it has been noted that milk also could be considered as a vehicle for pathogenic microorganisms. Milk likely to be intentionally/unintentionally polluted at different production, manufacturing and marketing stages. Therefore, the following study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of zoonotic Y. enterocolitica in raw milk and to evaluate the risk effects of milk adulteration with addition of water with an emphasis on the quality of this water that might be used in the adulteration process. Raw cow milk samples were gathered randomly from different households at El-Beheira province, Egypt and subjected to some chemical and microbiological investigations. One hundred and thirty-two raw milk samples and 53 water samples were randomly collected from the same source. The results showed that the isolation rate of Y. enterocolitica from the milk samples was 8.3%. The percentage of milk fraud by water addition was 52.8%. Our findings suggested that milk contaminated and adulterated by water addition could be a potential source for many zoonoses. Also revealed high adulteration percentage of milk with addition of low hygienic quality water that represents a great health hazard in addition to poor nutritional quality.
Study on pattern of consumption of fruits and vegetables and associated factors among medical students of Delhi

Background: Fruits and vegetables are a rich source of essential micronutrients i.e. vitamins/minerals and dietary fibers required for the normal daily functionality of the body. Young adults such as medical students are a particularly vulnerable population in terms of health issues and adequate diet. Objective of the study was to find the pattern of fruits and vegetables consumption in undergraduate medical students of Delhi. Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned among 300 undergraduate students from medical college in New Delhi. The questionnaire consisted of questions about identification data, pattern of fruit and vegetable consumption. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 21.0 and for qualitative data analysis chi-square test was used. Results: Mean age of study subjects was 20.82±2.1 years and females (52.7%) were more as compared to (47.3%) males. Out of 300 participants, only one third (33.3%) of study participants consumed more than five servings of fruits and vegetables. More than half of study participants felt that unsafe use of pesticides, difficult to eat five servings in a day, poor handling and poor quality of fruits and vegetables were the most common barriers in consumption of FVs. Age and semester of study participants and education status of mothers were found significant predictors of consumption of recommended number of serving of FVs in day. Conclusions: This study concludes that only one third of study participants consumed more than five servings of fruits and vegetables which is recommended number of serving in a day. So, there is a need to increase awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables consumption among study population.
Smartphone Use and Academic Performance: A Pervasiveness Approach Beyond Addiction

Over the past decade, smartphones have permeated all domains of adolescents’ everyday lives, with research dominated by “smartphone addiction. ” This study compares one of the most used measures of smartphone addiction with a new alternative measure, the Smartphone Pervasiveness Scale for Adolescents (SPS-A), which focuses on the frequency of smartphone use at key social and physiological moments of daily life. A sample of 3,289 Italian high school students was used to validate the two constructs and compare their suitability for research on academic performance. SPS-A was moderately correlated with smartphone addiction, showed measurement invariance (across ethnic origins, parental education, and gender), and negatively predicted language and math test scores. SPS-A is a nonpathologizing instrument suitable for analyzing the role of smartphone use in academic achievement in combination with students’ social backgrounds.
Simulating the Shallow Groundwater Level Response to Artificial Recharge and Storage in the Plain Area of the Daqing River Basin, China

Water shortage and overexploitation of groundwater (GW) have become the key factors restricting the development of the Xiongan New Area (XNA), the environmental management of Baiyangdian Lake, and the social and economic development of surrounding areas. This study used a numerical GW flow model to quantitatively analyze the changes to the shallow GW level and GW reserves of the plain area of the Daqing River Basin over the next 15 years (2021–2035) under different artificial recharge schemes with the south to north water diversion project (SNWDP) acting as the GW recharge source. The results showed increasing GW storage and GW levels and that the regional GW resources are in a positive equilibrium state. The rates of change of the well irrigation supply scheme and the joint river-well irrigation supply scheme in the XNA will increase by 14.56% and 11.04% by 2035 as compared with the current situation. The well irrigation recharge scheme for the XNA was determined to be the most effective when comparing with the effects of the different artificial recharge schemes on the GW levels and recharge. This study provides a reference for the management and protection of aquifers in other areas suffering serious GW overexploitation.
Multistage Continuous Mixed-Suspension, Mixed-Product Removal (MSMPR) Crystallization with Solids Recycle

Continuous crystallization process has potential advantages such as lower cost and improved flexibility in pharmaceutical production when compared to batch crystallization. A good continuous crystallization process should achieve a high product yield and purity comparable to current batch crystallization processes. For compounds that have low growth rates, a high yield is difficult to achieve without long residence times. Solids recycle is a potential solution for this problem as it can increase the surface area of crystals in the crystallizer thus increasing the mass deposition rate. In this study, solids recycle was used in a two-stage continuous mixed-suspension, mixed-product removal (MSMPR) cooling crystallization. Manual solids recycle and the use of a designed column for automatic slurry concentration were employed. The crystallization of cyclosporine, which has very low growth rate (about 0.1 μm/min) at low temperatures in acetone, showed only 65.0% yield in a two-stage MSMPR without solids recycl.
Phytophthora mediterranea sp. nov., a New Species Closely Related to Phytophthora cinnamomi from Nursery Plants of Myrtus communis in Italy

Monitoring surveys of Phytophthora related diseases in four forest nurseries in Italy revealed the occurrence of fourteen Phytophthora species to be associated with collar and root rot on fourteen plants typical of Mediterranean and alpine regions. In addition, a multilocus phylogeny analysis based on nuclear ITS and ß-tubulin and mitochondrial cox1 sequences, as well as micromorphological features, supported the description of a new species belonging to the phylogenetic clade 7c, Phytophthora mediterranea sp. nov. Phytophthora mediterranea was shown to be associated with collar and root rot symptoms on myrtle seedlings. Phylogenetically, P. mediterranea is closely related to P. cinnamomi but the two species differ in 87 nucleotides in the three studied DNA regions. Morphologically P. mediterranea can be easily distinguished from P. cinnamomi on the basis of its smaller sporangia, colony growth pattern and higher optimum and maximum temperature values. Data from the pathogenicity test showed that P. mediterranea has the potential to threaten the native Mediterranean maquis vegetation. Finally, the discovery of P. cinnamomi in alpine nurseries, confirms the progressive expansion of this species towards cold environments, probably driven by climate change.