Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast Change Identification in Multi-Play Bandits and its Applications in Wireless Networks

Next-generation wireless services are characterized by diverse requirements. To sustain several such applications, the wireless access points need to probe the users in the network periodically in an energy-efficient manner. We study a novel multi-armed bandit (MAB) setting that mandates probing all the arms periodically while keeping track of the best current arm in a piece-wise stationary environment. We develop <monospace>TS-GE</monospace> that balances the regret guarantees of the classical Thompson sampling (TS) with the broadcast probing (BP) of all the arms simultaneously in order to actively detect a change in the reward distributions. The main innovation is in identifying the changed arm by an optional indexing subroutine called group exploration (GE) that scales as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\log _{2}(K)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K-$ </tex-math></inline-formula>armed bandit setting. We characterize the probability of missed detection and the probability of false alarms in terms of environmental parameters. We highlight the conditions for which the regret guarantee of <monospace>TS-GE</monospace> outperforms that of the state-of-the-art passively-adaptive and actively-adaptive algorithms, in particular, <monospace>ADSWITCH</monospace>. We demonstrate the efficacy of <monospace>TS-GE</monospace> by employing it in two wireless system applications - task offloading in mobile-edge computing (MEC) and an industrial Internet-of-Things (I-IoT) network designed for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT).
Impact of $\Lambda_b\to \Lambda_c\tau\nu$ measurement on New Physics in $b\to c \, l \nu$ transitions

Measurements of the branching ratios of $B \to D^{(*)}\tau\bar\nu/B \to D^{(*)}\ell\bar\nu$ and $B_c\to J/\psi\, \tau\bar\nu/B_c\to J/\psi\, \ell\bar\nu$ by the BaBar, Belle and LHCb collaborations consistently point towards an abundance of taus compared to channels with light leptons. However, the ratio $\Lambda_b \to\Lambda_c \tau\bar\nu/\Lambda_b \to\Lambda_c \ell\bar\nu$ shows a relative deficit in taus. In this paper, we critically address whether data still points towards a coherent pattern of deviations, in particular in light of the sum rule relating these decays in a model-independent way. We find that no common new physics explanation of all ratios is possible (within $2\sigma$ or $1.5\sigma$, depending on the ${\cal R}(\Lambda_c)$ normalization to light lepton channels). While this inconsistency could be a statistical fluctuation, further measurements are required in order to converge to a coherent pattern of experimental results.
Robust discrete-time sliding mode control for uncertain systems with time-varying state delay

A robust discrete-time sliding mode control (DT-SMC) for uncertain linear systems with unknown time-varying state delay is analysed, in which uncertainties consist of mismatched uncertain parameters and unknown bounded nonlinear function. By using the linear matrix inequality approach, a sufficient condition for the existence of stable sliding surfaces depending on the lower and upper delay bounds is established. On the basis of this existence condition, the synthesised DT-SMC can guarantee the sliding mode reaching condition of the specified discrete-time sliding surface. Two examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports The X-Factor and Its Relationship to Golfing Performance

It is often postulated that an increased hip to shoulder differential angle (`X-Factor') during the early downswing better utilises the stretch-shorten cycle and improves golf performance. The current study aims to examine the potential relationship between the X-Factor and performance during the tee-shot. Seven golfers with handicaps between 0 and 10 strokes comprised the lowhandicap group, whilst the high-handicap group consisted of eight golfers with handicaps between 11 and 20 strokes. The golfers performed 20 drives and three-dimensional kinematic data were used to quantify hip and shoulder rotation and the subsequent X-Factor. Compared with the lowhandicap group, the high-handicap golfers tended to demonstrate greater hip rotation at the top of the backswing and recorded reduced maximum X-Factor values. The inconsistencies evident in the literature may suggest that a universal method of measuring rotational angles during the golf swing would be beneficial for future studies, particularly when considering potential injury.
Magnetic properties and influence of nitrogen in sputtered TbFeCo films

In order to clarify the origin of the perpendicular anisotropy in amorphous TbFeCo sputtered films, the intrinsic magnetic properties and the influence of nitrogen on magnetic properties have been investigated in detail. It was found that the stress induced anisotropy was the dominant origin in the composition range which shows large magnetostriction. Those magnetic properties, particularly the perpendicular anisotropy and the magnetostriction are remarkably diminished by the incorporation of nitrogen into the film. Nitrogen atoms affect Tb atoms by decreasing the Tb sublattice magnetization. The deactivation of Tb atoms leads to the decrease of the magnetostriction resulting in the reduction of the perpendicular anisotropy.
THIRD-EPOCH PROPER MOTIONS IN THE OUTER SHELL OF ETA CARINAE

Proper motions have been measured for several of the nitrogen-rich expanding knots in the outer shell of η Car from third-epoch, CTIO 4-m plate material which extends the previous quarter-century baseline by an additional decade. Some possible evidence for decelerations is found, implying significant revisions in the correspondences between particular features and the historical light curve, with respect to the assumption of uniform motions. Extension of the baseline into the next century or observations from space will enable a distinction between the two possibilities.
Fast Flat Fields from Scanning Extended Sources

A fast flat‐fielding algorithm is presented that uses two orthogonal constant‐speed scans of an image across a detector to compute a flat field. Each scan image calibrates the cross‐scan direction of the other. Results from the ISOON solar telescope are presented. For a camera with 2048 × 2048 pixels, the computation requires 30 s of processing time and yields a result that is comparable to a Kuhn‐Lin flat field, which requires 1 hr of processing time on the same system. The total system photometric accuracy using the fast method is about 1%. The method has been tested for full‐disk and high‐resolution solar imaging.
No strong evidence for universal gender differences in the development of cooperative behaviour across societies

Human cooperation varies both across and within societies, and developmental studies can inform our understanding of the sources of both kinds of variation. One key candidate for explaining within-society variation in cooperative behaviour is gender, but we know little about whether gender differences in cooperation take root early in ontogeny or emerge similarly across diverse societies. Here, we explore two existing cross-cultural datasets of 4- to 15-year-old children's preferences for equality in experimental tasks measuring prosociality (14 societies) and fairness (seven societies), and we look for evidence of (i) widespread gender differences in the development of cooperation, and (ii) substantial societal variation in gender differences. This cross-cultural approach is crucial for revealing universal human gender differences in the development of cooperation, and it helps answer recent calls for greater cultural diversity in the study of human development. We find that gender has little impact on the development of prosociality and fairness within these datasets, and we do not find much evidence for substantial societal variation in gender differences. We discuss the implications of these findings for our knowledge about the nature and origin of gender differences in cooperation, and for future research attempting to study human development using diverse cultural samples. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cooperation among women: evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives’.
Marine Air Penetration in Central California

Abstract Three-dimensional analysis shows the sea-breeze front to be primarily a wind shift line in which the thermal discontinuity lags behind the shear line and becomes quasi-stationary in the afternoon. Two synoptic patterns control the temperature regime. On cool days, when a high level trough is present the sea-breeze front is weak, moves rapidly and penetrates far inland; the marine layer is deep and the sea breeze spills over the low mountain ridges. Warm days occur, when the Pacific high penetrates into Oregon and Washington; the marine layer is shallow and the sea-breeze front is intense and slow moving.
The GLEAMing of the first supermassive black holes: II. A new sample of high-redshift radio galaxy candidates

Abstract While unobscured and radio-quiet active galactic nuclei are regularly being found at redshifts $z > 6$ , their obscured and radio-loud counterparts remain elusive. We build upon our successful pilot study, presenting a new sample of low-frequency-selected candidate high-redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) over a sky area 20 times larger. We have refined our selection technique, in which we select sources with curved radio spectra between 72–231 MHz from the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey. In combination with the requirements that our GLEAM-selected HzRG candidates have compact radio morphologies and be undetected in near-infrared $K_{\rm s}$ -band imaging from the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy Kilo-degree Infrared Galaxy (VIKING) survey, we find 51 new candidate HzRGs over a sky area of approximately $1200\ \mathrm{deg}^2$ . Our sample also includes two sources from the pilot study: the second-most distant radio galaxy currently known, at $z=5.55$ , with another source potentially at $z \sim 8$ . We present our refined selection technique and analyse the properties of the sample. We model the broadband radio spectra between 74 MHz and 9 GHz by supplementing the GLEAM data with both publicly available data and new observations from the Australia Telescope Compact Array at 5.5 and 9 GHz. In addition, deep $K_{\rm s}$ -band imaging from the High-Acuity Widefield K-band Imager (HAWK-I) on the Very Large Telescope and from the Southern Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey Regions $K_{\rm s}$ -band Survey (SHARKS) is presented for five sources. We discuss the prospects of finding very distant radio galaxies in our sample, potentially within the epoch of reionisation at $z \gtrsim 6.5$ .
Trait-based description of the agronomic and usage potential of a range of plantain varieties from Cameroon

Summary A highly diverse range of plantain varieties are cropped in West and Central Africa, and it is essential to enhance knowledge on this diversity to support farmers in their varietal choices. This study aims at proposing a new way to describe a panel of plantain varieties, based on their agronomic and usage potential. The agronomic trait values of nine plantain varieties, including five traditional varieties (Batard, Big Ebanga, Essong, French Clair and Mbouroukou n°3) representative of the diversity of the plantain group, and four plantain-like hybrids (CRBP39, D248, D535 and FHIA21) were recorded at flowering and harvest. The findings revealed very marked inter-varietal variations, in line with the features of plantain morphotaxonomic subgroups, as well as very high intra-varietal variations, especially for the Essong variety. This extent of intra-varietal variation suggests that traditional plantain multiplication methods could favour the emergence of mutations in plantain varieties and hence of high intra-varietal variability. Finally, the monitored agronomic traits were integrated as agronomic and usage potential indicators per variety and morphotaxonomic subgroup, which could support decision-making on plantain varieties.
Assessing the synergistic impacts of poultry manure and biochar on nutrient-depleted sand and sandy loam soil properties and sweet potato growth and yield

Summary Poultry manure (PM) has been shown to boost crop productivity. However, little is known about its favorable interactions with wood biochar (B) on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) growth and yield, and soil qualities. Hence, a 2-year field trial was conducted in the southwest Nigeria at two locations (Owo – site A and Obasooto – site B) to co-apply PM and wood B as soil amendments to boost sweet potato productivity and soil quality. The experiment consisted of a 3 × 4 factorial layout with three replications. PM and B significantly reduced soil bulk density and improved porosity and moisture content with their rate of application when compared to the control. As PM and B applications increased from 0 to 10.0 t ha−1 and 0 to 30.0 t ha−1, respectively, soil chemical properties and sweet potato growth and tuber yield increased. Co-application of 10.0 t ha−1 PM and 30.0 t ha−1 B increased tuber yield by 220% compared to treatments without PM or B. Significant synergistic interactions between PM and B were observed for all parameters. In comparison with other treatments, co-applying PM and B to sweet potato soils is a viable sustainable option for increasing sweet potato productivity and soil sustainability.
On Mechanical Modeling of Dynamic Changes in the Structure and Properties of Adherent Cells

Over the past two decades, significant information has become available that reveals the fundamental role of mechanical factors in controlling the complex structure and function of many cell types. There is a pressing need, however, to synthesize these many observations via mathematical models, which have predictive capability and which suggest experiments that will provide increased insight and thus refinement of the models. In this paper, it is suggested that some of the salient mechanical behaviors exhibited by cells, including dynamic mechanosensitive changes therein, can be described using a simple constrained mixture model that has recently been proposed for describing tissue-level growth and remodeling. That is, strong similarities in structure-function relationships at multiple length scales—cell, tissue, and organ—may allow us to exploit common constitutive frameworks, which may prove advantageous in future attempts to model across the various scales.
EDM-GNSS distance comparison at the EURO5000 calibration baseline: preliminary results

Abstract At the Pieniny Klippen Belt in Poland, the novel primary reference baseline EURO5000 is required as part of the European Research project GeoMetre to both validate refractivity-compensated EDM prototypes and investigate the metrological traceability of GNSS-based distances. Since the aimed uncertainty is 1 mm at 5 km (k = 2), the design, construction, and validation must be carefully prepared to fulfil the high standards of the GeoMetre field campaigns which are planned to be carried out in May 2022. This contribution describes the main features of the EURO5000 and presents the results of the preliminary validation which includes a first comparison between the results obtained by using precise currently available EDMs as well as GNSS techniques following the standard GNSS geodetic processing algorithms, on the one hand, and the improved GNSS-Based Distance Meter (GBDM+) approach developed at UPV, on the other hand. The preliminary validation presented in this contribution also permits (1) to detect potential problems in the use of the baseline such as potential geodynamic problems, atmospheric refraction or multipath limitations, (2) to produce a set of reliable results, and (3) to pave the way for the final field comparisons between the novel EDMs and the GBDM+ approach. The result of this metrological experiment may significantly contribute to overcome the limitations of current high-precision deformation monitoring applications that require their scale to be consistent with the SI-metre within 0.1 ppm in several km.
Tickling the CMB damping tail: Scrutinizing the tension between the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and South Pole Telescope experiments

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and the South Pole Telescope (SPT) have recently provided new, very precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy damping tail. The values of the cosmological parameters inferred from these measurements, while broadly consistent with the expectations of the standard cosmological model, are providing interesting possible indications for new physics that are definitely worth of investigation. The ACT results, while compatible with the standard expectation of three neutrino families, indicate a level of CMB lensing, parametrized by the lensing amplitude parameter A_L, that is about 70% higher than expected. If not a systematic, this anomalous lensing amplitude could be produced by modifications of general relativity or coupled dark energy. Vice-versa, the SPT experiment, while compatible with a standard level of CMB lensing, prefers an excess of dark radiation, parametrized by the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom N_eff. Here we perform a new analysis of these experiments allowing simultaneous variations in both these, non-standard, parameters. We also combine these experiments, for the first time in the literature, with the recent WMAP9 data, one at a time. Including the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) prior on the Hubble constant and information from baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) surveys provides the following constraints from ACT: N_eff=3.23\pm0.47, A_L=1.65\pm0.33 at 68% c.l. , while for SPT we have N_eff=3.76\pm0.34, A_L=0.81\pm0.12 at 68% c.l. In particular, the A_L estimates from the two experiments, even when a variation in N_eff is allowed, are in tension at more than 95% c.l.
Magnetic Barkhausen noise: stress-dependent mechanisms in steel

Angular dependent magnetic Barkhausen noise energy signal measurements were performed on two similar pipeline steel samples up to tensile stresses of 330 MPa. Variations between the stress dependence of the energy signals at five investigated positions were interpreted in terms of the relative proportion of three stress-dependent mechanisms for modifying the magnetic properties of steel. These were; the change in the number and in the orientation of 180/spl deg/ domain walls and the modification of pinning barriers.
Gravitational Waves in General Relativity X. Asymptotic Expansions for the Einstein-Maxwell Field

This paper contains asymptotic expansions for the Einstein-Maxwell field representing radiation of gravitational and electromagnetic energy from a bounded source of matter and charge. It is shown that the flow of radiation is determined by four news functions which can be considered as two functions giving the gravitational part of the news and two for the electromagnetic part. Together with initial data specified on a null cone these four functions completely determine the behaviour of the system. It is shown that the gravitational and electromagnetic news functions contribute separately to a decrease in the mass of the source. Finally the Newman-Penrose conserved quantities are obtained and an interpretation of the invariant $\lambda$-function is given.
Thermal Observations of Centaur 1997 CU26

We combine new measurements of the thermal emission from the Centaur 1997 CU26 with published optical photometry to determine the geometric albedo (0.045±0.010) and effective diameter (302±30 km). While these values are model dependent, they clearly show that 1997 CU26 is the largest of the known Centaurs and that its surface is very dark.
RELIABLE INFERENCE FOR GMM ESTIMATORS? FINITE SAMPLE PROPERTIES OF ALTERNATIVE TEST PROCEDURES IN LINEAR PANEL DATA MODELS

ABSTRACT We compare the finite sample performance of a range of tests of linear restrictions for linear panel data models estimated using the generalized method of moments (GMM). These include standard asymptotic Wald tests based on one-step and two-step GMM estimators; two bootstrapped versions of these Wald tests; a version of the two-step Wald test that uses a finite sample corrected estimate of the variance of the two-step GMM estimator; the LM test; and three criterion-based tests that have recently been proposed. We consider both the AR(1) panel model and a design with predetermined regressors. The corrected two-step Wald test performs similarly to the standard one-step Wald test, whilst the bootstrapped one-step Wald test, the LM test, and a simple criterion-difference test can provide more reliable finite sample inference in some cases.
A large strain analytical solution for cavity contraction in dilatant soils

An infinite dilatant elastic-plastic soil mass contains a single cylindrical or spherical cavity within which a slowly increasing pressure is applied. The removal of the cavity pressure takes place after a partly plastic state of the soil has been reached. Closed form solutions for the stress and displacement fields in the soil during any stage of the unloading process are derived. The non-associated Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is used to account for dilation of the soil during shearing. Large strains are taken into account by adopting an appropriate strain definition within the plastically deforming region.
The role of high-frequency envelope fluctuations for speech masking release

The speech-based envelope power spectrum model (sEPSM; Jo/rgensen and Dau, 2011; Jo/rgensen et al., 2013) was shown to successfully predict speech intelligibility in conditions with stationary and fluctuating interferers, reverberation, and spectral subtraction. The key element in the model was the multi-resolution estimation of the signal-to-noise ratio in the envelope domain (SNRenv) at the output of a modulation filterbank. The simulations suggested that mainly modulation filters centered in the range from 1-8 Hz contribute to speech intelligibility in the case of stationary maskers whereas modulation filters tuned to frequencies above 16 Hz might be important in the case of fluctuating maskers. In the present study, the role of high-frequency envelope fluctuations for speech masking release was further investigated in conditions of speech-on-speech masking. Simulations were compared to various measured data from normal-hearing listeners (Festen and Plomp, 1990; Christiansen et al., 2013). The results .
Structural topology optimization with empirical constraints

Abstract This paper presents an integrated design process of structural topology optimization in minimizing both compliance and structural weight. The material volume fraction is assigned as an additional design variable subjected to the empirical stress constraint in terms of material volume fraction. From the theoretical standpoint, any physical properties related to the volume fraction can be analyzed to construct an explicitly empirical function. This explicit function conveniently can be utilized to calculate its sensitivity information for gradient based optimization, such as the MMA, by the SIMP model. This paper gives a full description and complete instructions for implementation. The proposed integration process is well illustrated by an MBB beam topology design including the approximate empirical stress constraint. The engineer does not require both advanced topology optimization and advanced finite element technique in applying the proposed method. The proposed design procedure is practical and convenient for an engineer to use to solve real‐world topology design optimization problems.