Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tax Rates and Corruption: Labour-market and Fiscal Effects. Empirical cross-country comparisons on OECD and transition countries

The paper attempts to explain how tax rates, the extent of corruption and various institutional aspects of the labour market influence the relative size of different segments (unemployment, employment, self-employment and activity in the hidden economy) of the labour market as well as the tax revenues in both developed market economies and transition countries. Based on theoretical assumptions and methodological considerations, alternative regression calculations are carried out on data for 28 OECD countries and partly on 18 transition countries for the period 1995 to 2000. A methodological novelty of the investigation is the establishment and testing of a new variable, the subjective tax rate.
PE The Effects of Caffeine on Sprint Agility in Squash Players

Discussion and Conclusions 2 To include: collation of information and ideas and evaluation of those ideas relative to the extant literature/concept/theory and research question/problem; adoption of a personal position on the study by linking and combining different elements of the data reported; discussion of the real-life impact of your research findings for coaches and/or practitioners (i.e. practical implications); discussion of the limitations and a critical reflection of the approach/process adopted; and indication of potential improvements and future developments building on the study; and a conclusion which summarises the relationship between the research question and the major findings.
Cloudiness ” Predic ) on : Nameable Predic ) on : Unnameable

Human-nameable visual attributes offer many advantages when used as mid-level features for object recognition, but existing techniques to gather relevant attributes can be inefficient (costing substantial effort or expertise) and/or insufficient (descriptive properties need not be discriminative). We introduce an approach to define a vocabulary of attributes that is both human understandable and discriminative. The system takes object/scene-labeled images as input, and returns as output a set of attributes elicited from human annotators that distinguish the categories of interest. To ensure a compact vocabulary and efficient use of annotators’ effort, we 1) show how to actively augment the vocabulary such that new attributes resolve inter-class confusions, and 2) propose a novel “nameability” manifold that prioritizes candidate attributes by their likelihood of being associated with a nameable property. We demonstrate the approach with multiple datasets, and show its clear advantages over baselines that lack a nameability model or rely on a list of expert-provided attributes.
Micro and Macro Labor Supply Elasticities: A Reassessment of Conventional Wisdom

The response of aggregate labor supply to various changes in the economic environment is central to many economic issues, especially the optimal design of tax policies. Conventional wisdom based on studies in the 1980s and 1990s has long held that the analysis of micro data leads one to conclude that aggregate labor supply elasticities are quite small. In this paper we argue that this conventional wisdom does not hold up to empirically reasonable and relevant extensions of simple life cycle models that served as the basis for these conclusions. In particular, we show that several pieces of conventional wisdom fail in the presence of human capital accumulation or labor supply decisions that allow for adjustment along both the extensive and intensive margin. We conclude that previous estimates of small labor supply elasticities based on micro data are fully consistent with large aggregate labor supply elasticities. (JEL D91, E24, J22)
Effect of plants extracts on the growth of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus

The purpose of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of cardamom, cinnamon, ginger, cloves and myrrha extracts on the inhibition of Candida albicans and two isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and in different concentrations. The results showed that the aqueous extract of spices have no inhibitory effect on the growth of the tested microbes, while, that two types of the Myrrha (Commiphora myrrha and C. molmol) aqueous extracts inhibited all the tested microbes. Also, the alcoholic extract of four spices had inhibitory effect on the growth of three pathogenic tested isolates. By performing the chemical analysis for the Myrrha, it was noted that it contains three components known for their antimicrobial effect. These components are: 2-fluorodiphenylmethane, Tribenzo-1,2,3,4,5,6anthracene and 2-bromo-1-(4-bromophenyl)-ethanone. In addition, the activity of 8 types of the bacterial antibiotics used pharmaceutically in order to know the sensitivity of the microbes' tested showed that S. aureus (MRSA) and C. albicans were more resistant, as it not affected by all the tested antibiotics. As a result, it is more effective to use Myrrha instead of industrial antibiotics. Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Commiphora, 2-fluorodiphenylmethane, 2-bromo-1-(4-bromophenyl)-ethanone, cardamom, cinnamon, ginger, cloves.
Evidence for coral island formation during rising sea level in the central Pacific Ocean

The timing and evolution of Jabat Island, Marshall Islands, was investigated using morphostratigraphic analysis and radiometric dating. Results show the first evidence of island building in the Pacific during latter stages of Holocene sea level rise. A three‐phase model of development of Jabat is presented. Initially, rapid accumulation of coarse sediments on Jabat occurred 4800–4000 years B.P. across a reef flat higher than present level, as sea level continued to rise. During the highstand, island margins and particularly the western margin accreted vertically to 2.5–3.0 m above contemporary ridge elevations. This accumulation phase was dominated by sand‐size sediments. Phase three involved deposition of gravel ridges on the northern reef, as sea level fell to present position. Jabat has remained geomorphically stable for the past 2000 years. Findings suggest reef platforms may accommodate the oldest reef islands in atoll systems, which may have profound implications for questions of prehistoric migration through Pacific archipelagos.
Exploring the EIA / environmental management relationship: follow-up for performance evaluation

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) follow-up studies or audits can be conducted for a variety of reasons. Previously many audits have focused on scientific aspects of EIA, particularly the utility and accuracy of impact predictions (eg. Bisset 1984, Culhane et al. 1987, Buckley 1991, Bailey et al. 1992). More recent studies have emphasised other aspects of EIA performance including monitoring programmes and environmental outcomes (eg. Environmental Protection Department 1995, Au and Sanvicens 1996, Arts 1995, 1998). This paper presents the results of an audit of six projects that have undergone EIA in Western Australia that focuses on environmental management outcomes. The emphasis is on the actual impacts that occurred once the projects became operational and the environmental management actions (mitigation) undertaken to avoid or minimise impacts. To achieve this required some consideration of impact predictions as well as a detailed examination of environmental monitoring programmes for the case studies. Background information on the role of environmental management in EIA in Western Australia is presented in Bailey (1997) and a complete account of the environmental management audit study results discussed here can be found in Morrison-Saunders and Bailey (1999). In this audit, environmental management activities were examined with respect to three stages of EIA based on the principal approval decision point–predecision stage (activities identified prior to decision-making on a project such as preparation of environmental impact statements and public review), postdecision stage (eg. activities that originated when the project was constructed and implemented) and transitional stage (activities identified during the predecision stage but subject to further investigation and modification during the postdecision stage). This paper presents the results of the management audit study, including some practical examples and concludes with some future directions for EIA follow-up and reflections on the role of science in EIA.
Influence of initial conditions on decaying two-dimensional turbulence

A numerical study of freely decaying two-dimensional turbulence is presented to show how the time evolution of characteristic flow quantities is influenced by the initial conditions. The numerical method adopted is a standard two-dimensional (2D) Fourier pseudospectral algorithm with Newtonian viscosity. Vortex statistics are extracted using a vortex census method. Several characteristic initial vorticity distributions analogous to those employed in previous laboratory experiments are considered. Some of the initial vorticity distributions have in common a dominant subset of vortices. Reliable statistics are obtained for each characteristic distribution by ensemble averaging. For the dominant subset, the time evolutions of the global enstrophy and the number density, respectively, are found to collapse confirming the self-similarity of 2D turbulence, one of the starting points for the scaling theory proposed by Carnevale et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2735 (1991)]. The relationship between the relevant scal.
Genetic diversity in nine commercial okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) genotypes

Nine commercial cultivars of okra were evaluated for a number of agro-botanical traits. The analysis of variance for all the traits showed highly significant variations among the genotypes. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was found higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all characters. Maximum GCV and PCV were observed for branches/plant (42.54 and 42.60) and leaves/plant (27.93 and 27.99) respectively. Heritability as well as genetic advance was found maximum for branches/plant recorded as 99.72 and 87.50 respectively. Based on D 2 statistics 9 genotypes were grouped into 4 clusters, namely cluster I, II, III and IV. Highest inter-cluster distance (1.18) was observed between cluster II and cluster IV. The genotypes of cluster IV possessed heterogeneous nature and showed highest intra-cluster distance (0.65). Titanic-1, BARI Derosh-1 and Green Finger genotypes were found superior to the rest of the genotypes due to their highest cluster mean for yield/plant (955.8g), plant height (208cm), leaves/plant (60.8) and fruits/plant (31.4). These information could be useful in recombination breeding programme. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 3 (2): 25-32, 2014 (December)
Crystallinity improvement of ZnO thin film on different buffer layers grown by MBE

The material and optical properties of ZnO thin film samples grown on different buffer layers on sapphire substrates through a two-step temperature variation growth by molecular beam epitaxy were investigated. The thin buffer layer between the ZnO layer and the sapphire substrate decreased the lattice mismatch to achieve higher quality ZnO thin film growth. A GaN buffer layer slightly increased the quality of the ZnO thin film, but the threading dislocations still stretched along the c-axis of the GaN layer. The use of MgO as the buffer layer decreased the surface roughness of the ZnO thin film by 58.8% due to the suppression of surface cracks through strain transfer of the sample. From deep level emission and rocking curve measurements it was found that the threading dislocations play a more important role than oxygen vacancies for high-quality ZnO thin film growth.
Winter Habitat Use by Wolves, Canis lupus , in Relation to Forest Harvesting in West-central Alberta

Forested landscapes in west-central Alberta are facing increased pressures from forest harvesting and other land-use activities, which may alter the movements and distribution of Wolves and ungulates. Information on habitat use by Wolves in logged forests is scarce, potentially limiting effective land-use planning in the boreal forest. Nine Wolves, from four Wolf packs, were fitted with GPS radiocollars in the Rocky Mountain foothills, near Grande Cache, Alberta (2000-2001). We found Wolves did not use the landscape randomly, but rather exhibited a significant preference for non-forested natural habitats (shrubs, water), relative to their availability. Within forest habitats, Wolves used cutblocks proportionately more than unharvested forest and non-forested anthropogenic habitats (pipelines, clearings); however, selection of forest cutblocks was not statistically significant. We found no evidence that Wolves preferred or avoided forest cutblock edges. Wolf pack territories contained various levels of timber harvesting, but most areas were still in the early stages of harvest. Nevertheless, these areas have been allocated for large-scale harvesting. Understanding the potential responses of Wolves to rapidly changing landscape mosaics poses a significant challenge to researchers and managers, but such information is important to informing future land-management and conservation strategies for boreal forest Wolf-prey systems.
Development of Callus Initiation and Regeneration System of Different Indigenous indica Rice Varieties

The aim of the present study was to develop an effi cient protocol for best callus induction and comple te plant regeneration for varieties of rice (Oryza sativa) i.e. Pakhi Bir oin, Hati Baromashi, Kacha Biroin, Badal Boro, Pori chok Amon, Khoiya Boro, Joria Aman and BRRI Dhan53. Pakhi Biroin, HatiBaromashi, BadalBoro, Porichok Amon, KhoiyaBoro and Joria Aman cultivate mainly in Sylhet & Sunamgonj district of Bangladesh. For callus induction from mature d ehusked rice seeds MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) media supplemented with different concentrations i.e. (1.5, 2.0, 2. 5, 3.0 mg/L of 2,4D (2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)) were used. Khoi ya Boro and Joria Aman did not show any efficiency in callus induction. Maximum percentage of callus induction efficiency that is 100% was noted for Pakhi Biroin, Hati Baromashi and BRRI Dhan53, but 75% was the highest percentage of callus for Kacha Biroin. For plantlet regenerat ion of Pakhi Biroin, Hati Baromashi and Kacha Biroin, MS media with 0.5 mg/L NAA (1-Napthaleneacetic acid), 0.5 mg/L Kinetin and various concentrations of BA (6-benzyladenine) (1.0 , 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mg/L) were employed. On the other h and, MS media with 1.0 mg/L NAA, 1.0 mg/L Kinetin and various concentrations of BA (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mg/L) were us ed for BRRI Dhan53 regeneration. Different result was recorded for different varieties at various hormone concentr ations.
Effect of heating mode on sinterability of carbonyl iron compacts

Abstract In recent years, microwave processing has gained wide acceptance as a novel method for sintering metal powders. As compared to conventional sintering, microwave sintering provides rapid and volumetric heating involving conversion of electromagnetic energy into thermal energy within the material. This results in finer microstructures, thereby providing improved mechanical properties and quality of the products. This study examines the dependence of densification, microstructure and mechanical properties on the heating mode of Fe–2%Cu and Fe–2%Cu–0·8%C. The powdered compacts were sintered in conventional (radiation mode) and microwave (2·45 GHz, multimode) furnaces at 1120°C in 90N2–10H2 atmosphere, and comparative analysis of the properties was investigated.
Comparison of Load-to-Fracture Values and Fracture Characterization of Monolithic Zirconia, Lithium Disilicate, and Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate Glass-Ceramic CAD/CAM Crowns Thesis

ii Dedication.iv Acknowledgements.v Vita.vi List of Tables.viii List of Figures.ix Chapter 1: Introduction.1 Chapter 2: Materials and Methods.7 Chapter 3: Results.18 Chapter 4: Discussion.24 Chapter 5: Conclusion.30 References.31 Appendix A: Load-to-fracture test — load, time, and displacement values . 36
Investigating the Role of Word of Mouth on Consumer Based Brand Equity Creation in Iran’s Cell-Phone Market

This paper investigates the impact of Word of Mouth (WOM) on Consumer Based Brand Equity (CBBE) creation. WOM characteristics such as, volume, valence, and source quality are studied to find how intensely they each affect brand awareness, perceived quality, and brand association. This investigation has been conducted in Tehran-Iran, on the cell-phone market. The methodology selected for this study was structural equation and all the calculations were done using Lisrel 8.54. The results suggested that volume and valence, two elements of WOM, affect CBBE and no significant relationship between source type and brand equity was seen.
Current Feeding of Switched Reluctance Motor. Optimization of the Current Waveform to Minimize the Torque Ripple

The torque ripple remains one of the main problem linked to the use of switched reluctance motor. In order to use these drives in low speed application, we have imagined a current control, with optimized waveforms allowing torque ripple minimization. We have take account motor parameters and converter voltage limitations. We applied this control method to a 4kW drive.
7 Energy Storage and Transduction in Mitochondria

The processes of energy storage and dissipation in biological systems have been studied during the past few decades in search of alternative energy storage systems to the conventional ones. Based on these studies, living cells have proven to provide appropriate energy storage and consumption patterns for other areas of science and engineering (Alberty, 2003; Lehninger, 1984). The ability of cells to store energy in an efficient manner and to release it to gain control over the system, has made them an important target for energy related studies and modeling efforts (Qian & Beard, 2006). Since bioenergetics and biochemical thermodynamics specifically deal with energy transductions in biochemical reactions, it would be necessary to investigate these processes from a thermodynamic point of view. Living organisms usually operate at constant temperature and depend on energy from food consumption or exposure to sunlight for running their vital processes and maintaining their body temperature. Energy transduction takes place in the mitochondrion of animal cells, chloroplast of plant cells and cytoplasm of bacteria. This study focuses on bioenergetics of mitochondria, considering that membranes of mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacteria show many similarities in this regard. Mitochondria have two types of complexes for obtaining energy from substrates. Complex I includes production of NADH from oxidation of fatty acids, TCA cycle, and glycolysis. Complex II includes FADH2 production from TCA cycle. These complexes vary in different kinds of mitochondria (Cairns et al., 1998). The energy is eventually stored in the body in the form of high-energy molecules such as Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). ATP molecules have three high-energy bonds which enable them to store energy and then release it as the bonds are broken according to the following equations (Hammes, 2000; Harper et al., 2000): ATP 髪 H態O 蝦 ADP 髪 P辿 , ΔG°旺 噺 岫伐ぬど. の岻 KJ mol ⁄ (1) ADP 髪 H態O 蝦 AMP 髪 P辿 , ΔG°旺 噺 岫伐にば. は岻 KJ/mol (2)
Kobe University Repository : Kernel タイトル Tit le Different ial impact cratering of Saturn ' s satellites by heliocentric impactors 著者

Saturnian satellites are thought to have been struck by two different types of impactors: those with heliocentric origins and those with planetocentric origins. Many of the impacts are suggested to come from planetocentric debris, while many crater count studies assume an ecliptic comet origin when determining the ages of the surfaces. To assess the contribution of planetocentric impactors, this study examines the global distribution and apex-antapex asymmetry of impact craters on Rhea and Iapetus. The results demonstrate that the craters of Rhea (more than 20 km in diameter) and Iapetus (more than 30 km in diameter) show an apex-antapex asymmetry. This suggests that most of the large craters are formed from heliocentric impacts. In contrast, the craters less than 20 km in diameter seem to show no asymmetry. Possible explanations for this are either planetocentric impactor origins or saturation with impact craters.
How effective are recasts in teaching /θ/ and /ð/ to EFL learners?

This s tudy explored the effect of recasts as corrective feedback (CF) on teaching the sounds /θ/ and /ð/ to Iranian EFL learners , which are absent in Persian. A group of 30 intermediate level s tudents s tudying English were assigned randomly to the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG was instructed by giving recasts as CF; while the CG received no feedback when they were taught these sounds . In this experimental study, two teacher-made tests on sounds /θ/ and /ð/ were administered to the participants before and after the treatment. The collected data were analysed using paired samples t tests . Language learne rs in the recast group outperformed those in the CG in the posttest. The results showed that recast was an effective feedback type in teaching both the sounds . Findings of the present study can help language teachers and teacher trainers in teaching these complex sounds to Iranian EFL learners .
Expression of AheABC Efflux System and Plasmid Profile of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolates from Farmed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Mintra

บทคดยอ ศกษาการแสดงออกของระบบ AheABC และรปแบบพลาสมดใน Aeromonas hydrophila จำนวน 50 isolates ทแยกไดจากปลานลเพาะเลยงพบวาเชอจำนวน 39 isolates (รอยละ 78) มการแสดงออกของระบบและคดเปน 1.7–221.3 เทาของ AheB ใน A.hydrophila ATCC35654 ซงเปนเชออางอง แสดงวาระบบ AheABC ไมมการแสดงออกตลอดเวลา โดยเชอทมการแสดงออกของ AheB ในระดบสงไมดอตอยาปฏชวนะในระดบทสงกวาเชอทมการแสดงออกของ AheB ในระดบตำ พบพลาสมดในเชอจำนวน 17 isolates และจดรปแบบพลาสมดได 11 รปแบบ การวจยครงนเปนการศกษาระบบ AheABC ครงแรกใน A. hydrophila ทแยกไดจากปลานล คำสำคญ: แอรโรโมนาส ไฮโดรฟลลา ระบบ AheABC ปลานล Abstract Fifty Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from farmed Nile Tilapia were characterized for expression of AheABCmultidrug efflux system and plasmid profile. Thirty nine isolates (78%) expressed AheABC with production of 1.7 to221.3 folds more than AheB of A. hydrophila ATCC35654, the reference. This suggests that the AheABC efflux systemis not always constitutively expressed in the A. hydrophila clinical isolates. The isolates with less AheB expressionwere more resistant to antibiotics than those with high AheB expression. Seventeen isolates were found to carryplasmids that were arranged into 11 plasmid profiles. This is the first study of the AheABC efflux system in A.hydrophila isolates from fresh water fish, Nile Tilapia. Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, the AheABC efflux system, Nile Tilapia