Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Collocations to Enhance Academic Writing: A Survey Study at Van Lang University

As a formulaic language, collocations have brought benefits and challenges to EFL learners’ academic writing. These chunks' functions in academic writing need examining for a long time. Under certain constraints of the research setting, the current study explored both students’ and lecturers’ standpoints on using collocations to enhance academic writing. As one of quite a few studies in the Vietnamese context, the research included 47 English-major juniors and 5 English lecturers at Van Lang University, Hochiminh City, in the first semester of 2020-2021 academic year. Two research instruments were employed: the online questionnaire (to students) and the email interview (to lecturers). Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics by SPSS (version 20) were utilized to describe both stakeholders’ insights into the research problem. Major findings illustrated that the students’ demotivation of extensive reading and collocational practice were additional barriers to the collocational acquisition. Learners’ and teachers’ perspectives on the benefits of collocations in academic writing are congruent; however, the ignorance of collocations in language instruction and ineffective learning strategies might cause many constraints. The study results might provoke questions of whether using corpus-based tools (instructed or non-instructed) could have any impact on students' collocation use in their academic writing. Thus, the results might draw attention to the need of teachers’ and learners’ reflection and recommends a few ideas for future research.
Glycine-betaine induced salinity tolerance in maize by regulating the physiological attributes, antioxidant defense system and ionic homeostasis

The plants are exposed to different abiotic stresses, including the salinity stress (SS) that negatively affect the growth, metabolism, physiological and biochemical processes. Thus, this study investigated the effect of diverse levels of foliar-applied GB (0 control, 50 mM and 100 mM) on maize growth, membrane stability, physiological and biochemical attributes, antioxidant enzymes and nutrients accumulation under different levels of SS (i.e., control, 6 dS m, 12 dS m). Salt stress diminished the root and shoot length, root and shoot biomass, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), relative water contents (RWC), soluble proteins (SP) and free amino acids; (FAA); and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, electrical conductivity (EC) and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Na and Cl ions. GB application significantly increased root and shoot growth, leaves per plant, shoots length, chlorophyll contents, gs, Pn and membrane stability by reducing MDA and H2O2 accumulation. Moreover, GB also increased the SP, FAA accumulation, activities of antioxidant enzymes and Na and Cl exclusion by favouring Ca and K accumulation. In conclusion, the foliar-applied GB increased Pn, gs, ant-oxidants activities, and accumulation of SP and FAA; and reduced the accretion of Na and Cl by favouring the Ca and K accretion which in turns improved growth under SS.
Improved Strategies for Handling Entire Sounders of Wild Pigs

As wild pigs (Sus scrofa) expand throughout North America researchers are increasingly being tasked with trapping and marking entire sounders (family groups) to attach monitoring devices or other identifying markers to gather knowledge to inform management. Capture and marking procedures can be challenging, dangerous for both researchers and animals, and time consuming, particularly when handling sounders. We developed an integrated pig‐handling system to efficiently sort, weigh, chemically immobilize, and mark multiple wild pigs simultaneously in a controlled manner. To assess the functionality of the system, we evaluated 18 capture events in Texas, USA, from January 2018 to March 2019, where we marked 221 pigs of varied age classes and group sizes (2–19 animals). Using the pig‐handling system, we chemically immobilized 51 large (41–101 kg) pigs and manually restrained 170 smaller (<45 kg) pigs with injury rates below 4%. Average handling times for large pigs was 71.9 (SD= 25.7) min and <1 min for smaller ones. We released sounders intact and routinely recorded them together on motion‐activated cameras. Incorporating a handling system into wild pig research and management is encouraged to facilitate safe handling procedures for both pigs and handlers. © 2021 The Wildlife Society. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Hot surface pre-ignition in direct-injection spark-ignition engines: Investigations with Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass

Two promising alternative fuel candidates for spark-ignition engines, 2-butanone and 2-methylfuran, have been identified in the context of the Cluster for Excellence ‘Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass’. To further explore the potential of these fuels for spark-ignition engine application, experimental and numerical investigations into the occurrence of the abnormal combustion phenomenon of hot surface–induced pre-ignition have been conducted, with pure ethanol, RON97 E10, and pure iso-octane as reference fuels. For the experimental investigations, a single-cylinder engine with a compression ratio of 11, equipped with a glow-plug to create a hot spot in the cylinder, was operated at 1500 r/min and 1500 mbar charge pressure. Each fuel was tested with several glow-plug temperatures until a minimum pre-ignition frequency of 2% was observed. The results show that 2-methylfuran reaches its 2% pre-ignition frequency at a glow-plug temperature of 880 °C, which is 16 °C higher than the 2% pre-ignition frequency of ethanol at 864 °C and 10 °C less than RON97 E10 with 890 °C. Iso-octane showed the lowest pre-ignition resistance with a 2% pre-ignition frequency at a glow-plug temperature of 853 °C, and 2-butanone was most resistant against pre-ignition in this study with a 2% pre-ignition frequency at 932 °C. Further numerical investigations, including zero-dimensional ignition delay time calculations and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations, revealed a clear connection between the surface ignition frequency of these fuels and their reaction kinetics.
Advances in dry hopping for industrial brewing: a review

Beer is made from four main ingredients, water, barley malt, hops and yeast. Hops are the female inflorescence of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.), known as hop cones. Hop cones have glandular trichomes commonly known as lupulin gland where secondary metabolites of interest for brewing are accumulated. These metabolites are essential oils (mostly terpenes, sesquiterpenes and their oxygenated analogous, terpenoids and sesquiterpenoids), phenolic compounds, alpha-acids and beta-acids (Cattoor et al., 2013). Hop cones are used in beer as it provides components that improve microbiological stability, foam, aromas, flavor and bitterness (Schmidt & Biendl, 2017; Silva Ferreira et al., 2018). Beer bitterness comes mostly from the isomerization reaction of hop alpha acids (AA); these molecules have low solubility in water and during the boiling process they are converted into iso-alpha acids (IAA), a soluble molecule that provides the characteristic beer bitterness (Kunze, 2004).
Misery and Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria; Implications for Electrical Energy Management

At first glance, misery seems unquantifiable but has been established to be an aggregation of unemployment and inflation. Nigeria is in a pitiable condition as she is ranked the 6th most miserable country in the world. This study aims to ascertain the effect of economic growth on Misery in Nigeria, that is, to determine whether economic growth rate has strengthened or weakened the misery of Nigerians. This study adopts Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model because it considers policy lags of economic phenomena and allows combined order of integrations. The study finds an inverse nexus between economic growth and misery. Hence, recommendations were made in form of measures to ensure the need for economic growth to increase at faster and higher pace to combat high misery levels in Nigeria.
The analysis of students’ creative-innovative thinking skills in solving total dominator coloring under the implementation of research-based learning model

Thinking skills are very important in all aspects of life, especially education. In the era of 21st century skills, creative innovative thinking skills, play a serious role in improving students’ life skills. This study aims to determine the application of research based learning (RBL) in improving students’ creative innovative thinking skills in solving the total dominator coloring. Mixed methods is the research method used in this study. The research subjects consisted of two classes, namely 24 students in the control class and 21 students in the experimental class. The two classes were given a different treatment. Control class using PBL model and experimental class using RBL student worksheets. Homogenity test results on problems pre-test showed a significance value of 0.067 > 0.05, which means that the two classes are homogeneous. The results of the independent sample t-test showed the results of 0.000 < 0.05, which means significant. The conclusion obtained from this study is that there is an increase in students’ creative innovative thinking skills after the application of research-based learning models in solving total dominator coloring problems.
Seasonal effects in gastrointestinal parasite prevalence, richness and intensity in vervet monkeys living in a semi‐arid environment

Parasite and pathogen incidence and prevalence is driven by both periodic variation in environmental conditions and host characteristics. Given the increasing risk of zoonotic transmission to humans, and the close phylogenetic relationship between humans and non-human primates, understanding this variation in parasite dynamics is becoming essential for epidemiologists and conservationists alike. The extreme seasonal temperatures coupled with declining annual rainfall and severe periodic drought of the semi-arid Karoo poses distinct challenges to both hosts and pathogens and serves as a window into how animals confront climate change-induced environmental changes. Here we quanti ﬁ ed annual variation in gastrointestinal parasite prevalence, intensity and richness in three troops of wild vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus pygerythrus ) and determined what climatic variables were driving these changes. Further, we assessed whether there is long-term temporal dependence in intra-individual faecal egg counts. We found variation in the prevalence of ﬁ ve genera of helminths identi ﬁ ed in the study population, but little variation in parasite richness across the year. Such variation was driven primarily by precipitation and maximum daily temperature. Finally, we found structure in faecal egg counts, suggesting that contrary to previous ﬁ ndings, egg shedding of Tri-chostrongylus sp. and ? Protospirura sp. are not stochastic processes and may serve as an indicator of individual levels of infection in our population. Combined, these results provide the ﬁ rst report of seasonal effects in gastrointestinal parasites of ver-vet monkeys living in an extreme environment
Debris Flow Characteristics in Flume Experiments Considering Berm Installation

This study was conducted to identify the characteristics and mobility of debris flows and analyze the performance of a berm as a debris flow mitigation measure. The debris flow velocity, flow depth, Froude number, flow resistance coefficients, and mobility ratio were accordingly determined using the results of flume tests. To analyze the influence of the berm, the results for a straight channel test without a berm were compared with those for a single-berm channel test. The debris flow velocity was observed to increase with increasing channel slope and decreasing volumetric concentration of sediment, whereas the mobility ratio was observed to increase with increasing channel slope and volumetric concentration of sediment. In addition, it was confirmed that the installation of a berm significantly decreased the debris flow velocity and mobility ratio. This indicates that a berm is an effective method for reducing damage to areas downstream of a debris flow by decreasing its potential mobility. By identifying the effects of berms on debris flow characteristics according to the channel slope and volumetric concentration of sediment, this study supports the development of berms to serve as debris flow damage mitigation measures.
Accounting Conservatism and Cost of Equity Capital – Evidence from Indonesia

This paper describes the results of the research that investigates the association between ex-post conservatism or conditional conservatism and cost of equity capital in Indonesian manufacturing companies using data from 2015 to 2019. Conservatism is measured using accrual methods while equity capital costs are measured using a price/earnings growth (PEG) model. Using data from 142 companies or 710 observations, selected using purposive sampling methods, the study concludes that ex-post accounting conservatism lowered the company’s cost of equity capital. These results not only confirm previous research conducted in other countries, but also the agency theory which predicts that accounting conservatism lowers the asymmetry of information between the company’s management and shareholders, thereby affecting the decrease in equity capital costs. Key terms: conservatism, equity capital costs, accrual methods, PEG model JEL Classification: G32, G38, M41, M48
How corporate social responsibility mediates the relationship between corporate governance and sustainability performance in UK: a multiple mediator analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the direct and indirect links between corporate governance and sustainability performance using corporate social responsibility. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a sample consisting of 300 UK firms over the 2005–2017 period. This study applied structural equations models that specify both a direct and an indirect link between corporate governance and sustainability performance. Findings The authors find that corporate governance has a positive effect on sustainability performance. In addition, this study shows that corporate social responsibility fully mediates the relationship between corporate governance and sustainability performance in UK firms. Practical implications This study shows that firms are invited to engage more in sustainability performance and corporate social responsibility activities, which reduces agency conflicts between managers and shareholders. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, no research studies examined empirically the direct and indirect relationship between corporate governance and sustainability performance. Therefore, the main contribution of this research is to show how corporate governance effectiveness leads to higher corporate social responsibility level and sustainability performance using two analyses methods (mediator analysis and multiple mediator analysis).
Improving Production, Chlorophyll a and Carotenoids Contents of Gracilaria sp. with Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Alginate Waste

Chlorophyll is a photosynthetic pigment , used in the food sector as a natural dye in food . C arotenoids is used in the health sector to prevent several disease in humans. The production and pigment contents are influenced by nutrient availability. The aim of this study was to increase the production of chlorophyll a and carotenoids contents in Gracilaria sp. Seaweed obtained from Demak aquaculture ponds, then cultivated in aquarium for 28 days. Alginate from Sargassum sp. waste fertilizer was prepared by adding some compounds, fermented by commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Five different treatments (FB (basal formulation: 75 g alginate waste + 22.5mL molase + 7.5 g S. cerevisiae + 250 mL aquadest)), FBL (basal formulation+100% Lamtoro leaves), FBLU (basal formulation+50%Lamtoro leaves+50% carapace shrimp waste), FBU (Basal formulation + 100% carapace shrimp waste) and control-without fertilizer) was applied. Analysis of pigments was determined using the spectrophotometric method. The research design was CRD with 4 treatments and a control. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis. The result showed that fertilization in culture media could increase the production (DW) and pigment contents . The highest levels of dry weight, chlorophyll a and carotenoids (P<0.05) were resulted from FBLU ie. 6.58 ± 0.07g dry weight; 5.47 mg . L -1 and 0.16 µmol . L -1 . The application of organic fertilizer from alginate extract waste to Gracilaria sp. culture media had a significant effect towards growth, dry weight , chlorophyll a and carotenoids pigments content. This inexpensive fertilizer expected to be the solution of green and zero waste management which provide the enviromentally friendly fertilizer.
Vulnerable people’s digital inclusion: intersectionality patterns and associated lessons

ABSTRACT This paper presents a study of focus groups on three vulnerable population categories (ethnic minorities, older people and people with disabilities) and explores the patterns of intersectionality in these populations’ digital inclusion and its role in their social inclusion. The paper illustrates the value of the concept of intersectionality within the study of the aforementioned three vulnerable populations’ digital inclusion and questions the existing evidence available on the roles of nationality, ageing and disability in their digital inclusion. It identifies patterns of intersectionality that stress the role of individuality and life circumstances (such as life changes and periods of transition), as well as the stigma and concomitant experiences of social marginalisation regarding the digital inclusion of these populations. The paper concludes by pointing out the policy significance of intersectional patterns in the digital domain and calls for a systematic study of the different categories of the cultural and social specificities of vulnerability.
WOMEN INVOLVEMENT IN CASSAVA VALUE CHAIN AMONG CASSAVA PROCESSORS AND MARKETERS IN AFIJIO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE, NIGERIA

There have been several governmental approaches and interventions to increase the production of cassava crop in Nigeria which have not been yielding desired results due to market linkage failure. This study seeks to assess women involvement in cassava value chain among cassava processors and marketers in Afijio Local Government of Oyo States. Two – stage sampling procedure was used to select the respondents for the study. Simple descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency counts and percentages were used to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents while Likert scale descriptive analysis was used to determine the level of participation of women involving in cassava value chain and ordinary least squares multiple regression analysis was adopted to determine the factors influencing the involvement of women in cassava value chain. The study concluded that women in the study area usually involve in promotion, publicity, fermenting the cassava flour, price reduction and packaging. Also, educational statuses, membership of cooperative association and farm credit access affect participation of women in cassava value chain among cassava processors and marketers in Oyo State. The study urged the Government to intervene in the business by making the processing and marketing of cassava friendly through an improved technology as well as provision of easily accessed credit facilities.
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF BLAST DESIGN FACTORS ON FRAGMENTATION AT LAFARGE KANTHAN LIMESTONE QUARRY, CHEMOR, PERAK

The results of blasting affect every other downstream operation in quarrying and mining process. Factors influencing blast results can be classified as either controllable or non-controllable. If desired fragmentation is to be obtained, the controllable factors (blast geometry and explosive properties) must be sufficiently designed to match the non-controllable ones (geological factors and legislative constraints). This study investigates the influence of blast design parameters on rock fragmentation. Six different blast designs were studied and analyzed. Rock samples were obtained from each face to evaluate the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS). Images of muck pile were captured using suitable digital camera. The images were uploaded into the WipFrag software to analyze the fragmentation resulting from the blasting. The particle size distribution of each blast was obtained, and the mean fragment size correlated with the blast design parameters. The percentage cumulative passing for gyratory crusher with the feed size of 1500 mm ranges between 92.8 to 100%. The stiffness ratio, powder factor and uniaxial compressive strength have high correlation with mean fragment size. The stiffness ratio increases with mean fragment size with a correlation coefficient of 0.89. The mean fragment size becomes finer with increase in powder factor with a correlation coefficient of 0.76. Powder factor also has a high correlation with the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock. The higher the uniaxial compressive strength of rock, the higher the powder factor needed for a specified fragment size. In this study, spacing to burden ratio has a very weak correlation with the fragment size. All the studied blast events produced good fragmentation with a uniformity index varying from 2.097 to 2.525.
The development of students’ worksheets using project based learning (PjBL) in improving higher order thinking skills (HOTs) and time management skills of students

Time management skills cannot be released with student learning activities in project-based learning. The development of PjBL-based student worksheets is expected to not only empower higher-level thinking skills but also students’ time management. This study aims to develop project-based learning worksheets. This research was conducted by using the Plomp design research consisting of preliminary, prototyping, and assessment phases. The results of this research revealed that both of critical thinking and creative thinking skills had increased (medium category) and it was have an impact on improving student time management with an effect size of 14,18 (very high). There was a`positive correlation between HOTs with students’ time management skill (r=0,82). Both of critical thinking and creative thinking were involving mental processes at each stage of project implementation so students must be able to manage their time well. This happens repeatedly and structured. Finally, the implementation of PjBL-based student’s worksheet can improve student’s higher-order thinking skills and time management skills.