Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Single-Dose Cardioplegia in Valvular Heart Surgery: Lactated Ringer’s-Based del Nido vs. Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate Cardioplegia Solution

Introduction This study evaluated myocardial protection and clinical outcomes when using lactated Ringer’s solution as the base solution for del Nido cardioplegia compared with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution in valvular surgery. Methods From January 2017 to May 2018, 71 adult patients who underwent valvular surgery with del Nido cardioplegia (n=37) or HTK cardioplegia (n=34) were retrospectively analyzed. Results Patients’ characteristics were comparable between groups. Postoperative peak troponin T levels were similar. The del Nido group had a decreased incidence of ventricular fibrillation after aortic cross-clamp removal (13.51 vs. 55.88%; P<0.001), lower total volume of cardioplegia administered (1,000 [1,000, 1,250] vs. 1,800 [1,500, 2,000] mL; P<0.001), shorter hospital stay (6 [5, 8] vs. 7 [6, 10] days; P=0.03), and less postoperative red cell transfusion (34.29 vs. 61.11%; P=0.024). There is no difference in aortic cross-clamping time, postoperative change in left ventricular ejection fraction, intensive care unit stay, duration of inotropic support, new onset of atrial fibrillation, in-hospital mortality, complications, and three-year overall survival rate. Conclusion Lactated Ringer’s-based del Nido cardioplegia can be safely used for valvular surgery with acceptable clinical outcomes compared to HTK cardioplegia.
NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS: PANEL CAUSALITY METHOD FOR MIKTA COUNTRIES

This study investigates the relationship between economic growth (EG) and natural gas consumption (NGC) in Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey and Australia (MIKTA) with panel data analysis. The study was conducted between 1986 and 2018 using panel cointegration tests, a common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimator and panel causality tests. From the results of the study, it was concluded that there is a long-term relationship between NGC and EG. The CCEMG estimation results show that NGC on EG differs across countries. The panel causality results show bidirectional causality between EG and NGC for MIKTA countries. The results confirm the feedback hypothesis for MIKTA.
Assessment of the triple reuptake inhibitor diclofensine: effort-Assessment of the triple reuptake inhibitor diclofensine: effort-based decision-making in a rodent model of motivational based decision-making in a rodent model of motivational dysfunction dysfunction

Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed antidepressant medications. Despite their popularity, they remain relatively ineffective at treating effort-related motivational symptoms of depression such as fatigue and anergia. Increasing research on triple reuptake inhibitors (TRIs) that target three neurotransmitters—dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine—has suggested that TRIs could have efficacy in targeting motivational dysfunction due to their dopaminergic effects. Previous research has shown that the dopamine depleting agent tetrabenazine can reliably induce motivational deficits in rats, as evidenced by a shift towards low-effort behavior in effort-based choice tasks, and provide a validated approach to creating a model of motivational dysfunction. This is consistent with human studies showing that people with major depression exhibit a bias toward low-effort activities. Diclofensine is a TRI with a relatively high affinity for the dopamine transporter and, therefore, it was hypothesized that this drug could improve motivational symptoms. The present study analyzed the ability of diclofensine to treat motivational deficits of depression through a rodent model of effort-based choice, the fixed ratio 5/chow feeding choice task. Diclofensine demonstrated the ability to partially reverse the effort-related effects of tetrabenazine; it
Jahns and Burnham (1969) Experimental Studies of Pegmatite Genesis: I. A Model for the Derivation and Crystallization of Granitic Pegmatites. Economic Geology and the Bulletin

Introduction When academic professionals review manuscripts for publication today, one of the questions that editors ask is whether the title is accurately representative of the material in the manuscript? A reviewer, therefore, might have expected the manuscript that was submitted as Jahns and Burnham (1969) to present experimental evidence that confirms a model. From the inception of the publication of experimental petrology, such a manuscript would normally contain a table of the chemical compositions of all constituents used, a table that summarized each experiment by label, composition, pressure, temperature, duration, and abbreviated results, and some form of depiction of those results. Before the 1980s, some authors included transmitted-light photomicrographs of run products. Since the 1980s, backscattered electron images have been the standard means of portraying the texture, spatial organization, and compositional aspects of experimental products.
Integration of tree hydraulic processes and functional impairment to capture the drought resilience of a semi-arid pine forest

Drought stress is imposing multiple feedback responses in plants. These responses span from stomata closure and 15 enzymatic downregulation of photosynthetic activity to structural adjustments in leaf area. Some of these processes are not easily reversible and may persist long after the stress ended. Unfortunately, simulation models widely lack an integrative mechanistic description on how this sequence of tree physiological to structural responses occur. Here, we suggest an integrative approach to simulate drought stress responses. Firstly, a decreasing plant water potential triggers stomatal closure alongside a downregulation of photosynthetic performance. This is followed by a disconnection of 20 roots and soil and the reliance on internal stem water storage or water uptake from deep soil layers. Consistently, loss in hydraulic functioning is reflected in sapwood loss of functionality and foliage senescence. This new model functionality has been
Measuring the Economic Value of Sustainable River Basin Management: The Full-Preference Rank Method

This study exploits the data from a full-preference ranking Choice Experiment (CE) designed to investigate how respondents evaluate a set of proposed improvements in the Asopos water catchment in Greece. These improvements are following the prescriptions of the European Union Water Framework Directive (2000). We first estimate a rank-ordered logistic regression based on the full set of choices by respondents to calculate the willingness to pay (WTP) of respondents for each one of the three attributes considered in the CE (that is, environmental conditions, impact on the local economy and changes in the potential uses of water). The model is initially estimated for the full sample and then re-estimated twice for two sub-samples: the one includes only the residents of Athens and the other includes only the residents of Asopos. Afterwards, we examine the effect of various demographic and socio-economic factors (such as income, gender, age, employment and education) on the estimates of our model in an attempt to reveal any differences among respondents with different characteristics. Thus, our analysis simultaneously provides a robustness check on previous findings in the literature and additional information about how various demographic and socio-economic characteristics affect the evaluation of the selected attributes.
UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ON PAEDIATRIC ANTI-RETROVIRAL TREATMENT COVERAGE – TOWARDS CLOSING TREATMENT GAPS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Adeyinka, Daniel, Evans, Meirion, Ozigbu, Chamberline, Van Woerden, Hugo, Adeyinka, Esther, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Aimakhu, Chris, Odoh, Deborah and Chamla, Dick 2017. Understanding the influence of socioeconomic ernvironment on paediatric anti-retroviral treatment coverage: towards closing treatment gaps in sub-Saharan Africa. Central European Journal of Public Health 25 (1) , pp. 55-63. 10.21101/cejph.a4479 file
Title: A multi-model assessment of the early last deglaciation (PMIP4 LDv1): The meltwater paradox reigns supreme 2

28 Transient simulations of the last deglaciation have been increasingly performed to better understand the processes leading to both the overall deglacial climate trajectory as well as the centennial-to 30 decadal-scale climate variations prevalent during deglaciations. The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) has provided a framework for an internationally coordinated effort 32 in simulating the last deglaciation (~20 – 11 ka BP) whilst encompassing a broad range of models. Here, we present a multi-model intercomparison of 17 simulations of the early part of the last 34 deglaciation (~20 – 15 ka BP) from nine different climate models spanning a range of model complexities and uncertain boundary conditions/forcings. 36 A main contrasting element between the simulations is the method by which groups implement freshwater fluxes from the melting ice sheets and how this forcing then impacts ocean 38 circulation and surface climate. We find that the choice of meltwater scenario heavily impacts the deglacial climate evolution, but the response of each model depends largely on the sensitivity of the 40 model to the freshwater forcing as well as to other aspects of the experimental design (e.g., CO 2 forcing or ice sheet reconstruction). There is agreement throughout the ensemble that warming 42 begins in the high latitudes associated with increasing insolation and delayed warming in the tropics aligned with the later increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentration. The delay in this warming in the 44 tropics is dependent on the timescale of the CO 2 reconstruction used by the modelling group. Simulations with freshwater forcings greater than 0.1 Sverdrup (Sv) after 18 ka BP experience 46 delayed warming in the North Atlantic, whereas simulations with smaller freshwater forcings begin deglaciating sooner. All simulations show a strong correlation between North Atlantic temperatures, 48 atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, and the AMOC. In simulations with a freshwater forcing greater than 0.1 Sv, North Atlantic temperatures correlate strongly with changes in the AMOC. Simulations with a 50 smaller freshwater forcing show stronger correlations with atmospheric CO 2 . This indicates that the amount of meltwater strongly controls the climate trajectory of the deglaciation. Comparing multiple 52 simulations run by the same model demonstrate model biases by showing similar surface climate spatial patterns despite the use of different ice
Admission patterns and survival from Status Epilepticus in Critical Care in the United Kingdom: An analysis of the Intensive Care National Audit

Background: The factors influencing outcome after Critical Care Unit (CCU) for patients with s tatus epilepticus (SE) are poorly understood. We examined survival for these patients to establish (a) whether the risk of mortality has changed over time and (b) whether admission to different unit types affects mortality risk over and above other risk factors. Methods: We analysed the Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC) database and the Case Mix Programme Database (CMPD) (January 2001 - December 2016). Units were defined as neuro-CCU (NCCU), general CCUs with 24-hr neurological support (GCCU-N) or general CCU with limited neurological support (GCCU-L). Results: There were 35,595 CCU cases of SE with a threefold increase over time (4,739 in 2001-2004 to 14,166 in 2013-2016). More recent admissions were older and were more often unsedated on admission. Mortality declined for all units though this was more marked for NCCUs (8·1% in 2001-2004 to 4.4% in 2013-2016 compared to 5.1% and 4.1% for GCCU-L). Acute hospital mortality was 2-3 times higher than CCU mortality although this has also declined with time. GCCU-L appeared to have lower mortality that NCCUs (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72, 0.98) but after post-hoc adjustment for case mix there were no differences. Older age and markers of morbidity of seriousness were all associated with increased mortality risk. Conclusions: The number of patients admitted to CCU for SE is rising but critical care and acute hospital mortality is decreasing. Patients treated in NCCU have higher mortality but this is explicable by more severe underlying disease.
Stealth Liposomes Encapsulating a Potent ACAT1/SOAT1 Inhibitor F12511: Pharmacokinetic, Biodistribution, and Toxicity Studies in Wild-Type Mice and Efficacy Studies in Triple Transgenic Alzheimer’s Disease Mice

Cholesterol is essential for cellular function and is stored as cholesteryl esters (CEs). CEs biosynthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (ACAT1 and ACAT2), with ACAT1 being the primary isoenzyme in most cells in humans. In Alzheimer’s Disease, CEs accumulate in vulnerable brain regions. Therefore, ACATs may be promising targets for treating AD. F12511 is a high-affinity ACAT1 inhibitor that has passed phase 1 safety tests for antiatherosclerosis. Previously, we developed a nanoparticle system to encapsulate a large concentration of F12511 into a stealth liposome (DSPE-PEG2000 with phosphatidylcholine). Here, we injected the nanoparticle encapsulated F12511 (nanoparticle F) intravenously (IV) in wild-type mice and performed an HPLC/MS/MS analysis and ACAT enzyme activity measurement. The results demonstrated that F12511 was present within the mouse brain after a single IV but did not overaccumulate in the brain or other tissues after repeated IVs. A histological examination showed that F12511 did not cause overt neurological or systemic toxicity. We then showed that a 2-week IV delivery of nanoparticle F to aging 3xTg AD mice ameliorated amyloidopathy, reduced hyperphosphorylated tau and nonphosphorylated tau, and reduced neuroinflammation. This work lays the foundation for nanoparticle F to be used as a possible therapy for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Information and Social Norms: Experimental Evidence on the Labor Market Aspirations of Saudi Women

How important are social constraints and information gaps in explaining the low rates of female labor force participation (FLFP) in conservative societies that are undergoing social change? To answer this question, we conducted a field experiment embedded in a survey of female university students at a large public university in Saudi Arabia. We randomly provided one subset of individuals with information on the labor market and aspirations of their female peers (T1), while another subset was provided with this information along with a prime that made the role of parents and family more salient (T2). We find that expectations of working among those in the Control group are quite high, yet students underestimate the expected labor force attachment of their female peers. We show that information matters: relative to the Control group, expectations about own labor force participation are significantly higher in the T1 group. We find little evidence that dissemination of information is counteracted by local gender norms: impacts for the T2 group are significant and often larger than those for T1 group. However, T2 leads to higher expectations of working in Education - a sector that is socially more acceptable for women.
Privatization Discontent and Its Determinants: Evidence from Latin America Privatization Discontent and Its Determinants: Evidence from Latin America

While most economists usually believe that privatization policy is socially beneficial, it faces increasing opposition in several countries. In this paper we wish to discover the ingredients in a recipe for privatization discontent. To do so we focus on Latin America, where there is wide evidence of popular opposition to privatization. We use the results of Latinobarometro (2002), a survey of a representative sample of 18501 individuals in 17 countries as our dependent variable of perception, and a privatization dataset on the same countries, including sectoral disaggregation, time profiles, proceeds, number of shares and other variables for each country. We use a set of macrovariables as controls, and test our prior beliefs on the determinants of policy failure in this area. Our main finding is that disagreement with privatization is more likely when the respondent is poor, privatization was large and quick, involved a high proportion of public services as water and electricity, and the country suffered adverse macroeconomic shocks in a condition of high disequality of incomes. Moreover, the more the respondent is educated, the more adverse to privatization he or she is. We suggest that these results depict a broadly consistent picture of privatization discontent that points to a combination of perceived distributional concerns that should be addressed by future research and policy design. We thank Javier Ibarlucía for his helpful research assistance. Introduction During the last two decades privatization in Latin America (LA) was a vast process that changed the organization of these economies. Among developing countries LA was the region where privatization started earlier and reached an amount of money larger than in any other area (Lora, 2001).
VU Research Portal Timing a one-handed catch: II. Adaptation to telestereoscopic viewing

A pre-exposure, exposure, post-exposure design was used to assess the adaptation of the timing of a one-handed catch during telestereoscopic viewing. More specifically, it was examined whether the adaptation involved: (1) ignoring binocular sources of information and selecting other information, or (2) a recalibration of the coupling between the effected binocular information and the catching movement, and (3), if it is recalibration, whether it is restricted to the manipulated binocular information. To test these hypotheses, subjects (n=16) were assigned to one of two groups, each group performing three blocks of 15 trials in the dark with only the ball visible. In the exposure condition, both groups were required to catch balls under binocular telestereoscopic viewing. In the pre-exposure and post-exposure conditions, subjects performed under binocular and monocular viewing, respectively. Kinematics of the grasping movement were recorded. It was predicted that, in the case of a selection process, no afterfeffects would occur in the post-exposure condition, whereas, in the case of recalibration, afteref-fects would occur. Moreover, if the recalibration is restricted to the manipulated information, only the group that was provided with binocular vision during the pre-exposure and post-exposure conditions would show after-effects. Significant condition (pre-exposure, exposure, post-exposure) by block (first three trials, last three trials) effects were found for the moments of grasp onset, peak opening velocity and hand closure, indicating that the hand was opened and closed earlier in the first three trials of telestereoscopic viewing. This coincided with an increase in catching failures. In addition, for the moments of hand closure and peak closing velocity, negative afteref-fects were found in the post-exposure condition. The hand was closed later in the first three trials after removal of telestereoscope. With respect to the presence of the after-effects, no differences were found between the groups. It was concluded that adaptation to telestereoscopic viewing in the timing of a one-handed catch is due to the recalibration of the coupling between information and movement, rather than a selection of another source of information. Moreover, it is likely that the recalibration was not restricted to the single, manipulated information. Rather, the recalibration involves multiple binocular and monocular optical and oculomotor sources of information.
Cruising tourism in The Republic of Croatia contributing to sustainable development.

Sažetak Cruising-turizam u svijetu, pa tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj u znatnom je porastu. Povećanje prometa putničkih brodova za kružna putovanja povoljno utječe na gospodarstvo RH, a time i na socijalno zadovoljstvo. Međutim, s porastom prometa putničkih brodova raste i njihov negativan utjecaj na okoliš: more, kopno i zrak. Premda se u svijetu provode istraživanja o utjecaju cruising-turizma na okoliš, u Hrvatskoj toga nedostaje, pa je cilj ovom radu bio, uz pomoć teorijskih i praktičnih spoznaja, potaknuti potrebne aktivnosti kako bi taj turizam u našem priobalju bio u funkciji održivoga razvoja. Ključne riječi: cruising-turizam, održivi razvoj, zaštita okoliša.
Geodetic imaging of magma migration at Soufrie`re Hills Volcano 1995 to 2008

: We use histories of magma efﬂux and surface deformation from a continuously operating global positioning system (cGPS) to quantitatively constrain magma transfer within the deep crustal plumbing of the Soufrie`re Hills Volcano (SHV). Displacement records reach a surface aperture of approximately 11 km and are continuous over three successive cycles of eruption followed by a pause spanning 1995–2008, and we focus on data of this time period. The assumed geometry and ﬂow topology is for twin vertically stacked spherical chambers pierced by a vertical conduit that transmits magma from the deep crust to the surface. For a compressible magma column within an elastic crust we use mean deformation rates measured at between 6 and 13 cGPS stations for periods of effusion then repose and the time-history of magma efﬂux to deﬁne optimal chamber depths and basal magma input. The best ﬁt for a constrained constant basal input to the system is obtained for chambers at 5 and 19 km, and a constant magma input rate of approximately 1.2 m 3 s 2 1 . Eruptive then pause episodes are, respectively, characterized by synchronous deﬂation then inﬂation of both shallow and deep chambers. Throughout this period of three repeated episodes of effusion then repose, the total effusive volume ( c. 0.95 km 3 dense rock equivalent, DRE) has been sourced half from the lower chamber ( c. 0.5 km 3 ) and half from below this chamber ( c. 0.45 km 3 ). A consistent observation, repeated through three episodes, is that the eruption restarts as the shallow chamber regains its original volume following the pause and that eruption rearrests when the shallow chamber has deﬂated by a small but constant volume change ( c. 16–22 Mm 3 ). This magmatic metering is consistent with a control on eruption periodicity that involves overpressured breaching of the shallow chamber followed by underpressured sealing. We contrast these observations with other contemporary models that have consistently placed an upper chamber at a depth of approximately 5–6 km, and deeper chambers at 12 km and deeper.
Linear, bilinear and polynomial structures in function fields and the primes

This thesis is a contribution to arithmetic combinatorics. We present the Green-Tao method and the Green-Tao-Ziegler theorem concerning asymptotics for linear configurations of primes. Then we show extensions of our own to this theorem: first to some family of quadratic configurations, and secondly to configurations with unbounded coefficients. As a result, we are able to provide an asymptotic for configurations of primes inside the set of shifted squarefree numbers. We then leave integers and move to vector spaces over finite fields. In this context, we prove a bidirectional additive smoothing result for sets of pairs P ⊂ Fp × Fp . This is a bilinear version of Bogolyubov’s theorem. We then equip these vector spaces with a multiplicative structure, that is, we consider polynomial rings over finite fields. Using the Croot-Lev-Pach method, we show that sets of polynomials of degree less than n that contain no nontrivial solution to a given polynomial equation (of some specific type) is exponentially small. Finally, we seek to apply the Green-Tao method on polynomial rings, with the intention of deriving asymptotics for configurations of irreducible polynomials. To this aim, we bound correlations of the Möbius function with linear and quadratic phases.