Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioengineered Hybrid Collagen Scaffold Tethered with Silver‐Catechin Nanocomposite Modulates Angiogenesis and TGF‐β Toward Scarless Healing in Chronic Deep Second Degree Infected Burns

Management of burn wounds with diabetes and microbial infection is challenging in tissue engineering. The delayed wound healing further leads to scar formation in severe burn injury. Herein, a silver‐catechin nanocomposite tethered collagen scaffold with angiogenic and antibacterial properties is developed to enable scarless healing in chronic wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa under diabetic conditions. Histological observations of the granulation tissues collected from an experimental rat model show characteristic structural organizations similar to normal skin, whereas the open wound and pristine collagen scaffold treated animals display elevated dermis with thick epidermal layer and lack of appendages. Epidermal thickness of the hybrid scaffold treated diabetic animals is lowered to 33 ± 2 µm compared to 90 ± 2 µm for pristine collagen scaffold treated groups. Further, the scar elevation index of 1.3 ± 0.1 estimated for the bioengineered scaffold treated diabetic animals is closer to the normal skin. Immunohistochemical analyses provide compelling evidence for the enhanced angiogenesis as well as downregulated transforming growth factor‐ β1 (TGF‐β1) and upregulated TGF‐β3 expressions in the hybrid scaffold treated animal groups. The insights from this study endorse the bioengineered collagen scaffolds for applications in tissue regeneration without scar in chronic burn wounds.
The Implausibility of Neonatal Opioid Toxicity from Breastfeeding

The belief that newborns can develop opioid toxicity from breastfeeding is widely held but supported by very little data. Based largely on a single, highly publicized case report (the “Toronto case”), major health agencies worldwide now caution against codeine use by nursing mothers. As a result, “stronger” opioids with greater abuse liability are increasingly prescribed in its place, potentially to the detriment of maternal health. We re‐examine aspects of this case report to demonstrate why such an occurrence is highly implausible. The Toronto case involved the death of a 13‐day‐old infant from opioid toxicity. The child’s mother, who took codeine while breastfeeding, was found to have a duplication of CYP2D6*2, consistent with ultrarapid metabolizer status. This led to the conclusion that the child died from opioid toxicity due to enhanced maternal conversion of codeine to morphine, with the subsequent passage of large amounts of morphine into breast milk. We argue that this explanation is implausible based upon several factors: (1) the exceedingly small amount of opioids passed into breastmilk irrespective of maternal CYP genotype, (2) the observation that significant neonatal opioid accumulation can only occur in the setting of severely impaired renal function, and (3) the previously unreported finding of a markedly elevated codeine concentration in postmortem blood. Finally, a review of the literature identifies a paucity of convincing reports of neonatal opioid toxicity during breastfeeding, with no other confirmed cases of neonatal death despite the use of these drugs by millions of nursing mothers over the past 2 decades.
Temperature Decreases Spread Parameters of the New Covid-19 Case Dynamics

(1) Background: The virulence of coronavirus diseases due to viruses like SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV decreases in humid and hot weather. The putative temperature dependence of infectivity by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 or covid-19 has a high predictive medical interest. (2) Methods: External temperature and new covid-19 cases in 21 countries and in the French administrative regions were collected from public data. Associations between epidemiological parameters of the new case dynamics and temperature were examined using an ARIMA model. (3) Results: We show that, in the first stages of the epidemic, the velocity of contagion decreases with country- or region-wise temperature. (4) Conclusions: Results indicate that high temperatures diminish initial contagion rates, but seasonal temperature effects at later stages of the epidemy remain questionable. Confinement policies and other eviction rules should account for climatological heterogeneities, in order to adapt the public health decisions to possible geographic or seasonal gradients.
Trajectory analysis combining pain and physical function in individuals with knee and hip osteoarthritis: results from the French KHOALA cohort.

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to identify homogeneous subgroups of knee and/or hip OA patients with distinct trajectories of the combination of pain and physical function (PF) over time and to determine the baseline factors associated with these trajectories. METHODS We used data from the Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis Long-term Assessment (KHOALA) cohort, a French population-based cohort of 878 patients with symptomatic knee and/or hip OA. Pain and PF were measured annually over 5 years with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 questionnaire. First, trajectory models were estimated with varying numbers of groups for each of the outcomes separately then fitted into a multi-trajectory model. We used multinomial logistic regression to determine the baseline characteristics associated with each trajectory. RESULTS Univariate four-class models were identified as most appropriate for pain and PF. Comparison of separate trajectories showed that 41% of patients included in the severe functional limitations trajectory did not belong to the more severe pain trajectory (Cramér's V statistic = 0.45). Group-based multi-trajectory modelling revealed four distinct trajectories of pain and PF. On multivariate analyses, female sex, older age, high Kellgren grade, low physical activity intensity, low psychosocial distress score (high distress) and low vitality score were associated with the more severe symptoms trajectory. CONCLUSION Over 5 years, we identified four distinct trajectories combining pain and PF. Management of weight, fatigue and psychosocial distress and the practice of physical activity seem important to maintain function and limit pain in patients with lower-limb OA.
Deconvoluting Lipid Nanoparticle Structure for Messenger RNA Delivery

Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) packaged mRNA vaccines have been deployed against infectious diseases such as COVID-19, yet their structural features remain unclear. Cholesterol, a major constituent within LNPs, contributes to their morphology that influences gene delivery. Herein, we examine the structure of LNPs containing cholesterol derivatives using electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and membrane fluidity assays. LNPs formulated with C24 alkyl derivatives of cholesterol show a polymorphic shape and various degrees of multilamellarity and lipid partitioning, likely due to phase separation. The addition of methyl and ethyl groups to the C24 alkyl tail of the cholesterol backbone induces multilamellarity (>50% increase compared to cholesterol), while the addition of a double bond induces lipid partitioning (>90% increase compared to cholesterol). LNPs with multilamellar and faceted structures, as well as a lamellar lipid phase, showed higher gene transfection. Unraveling the structure of mRNA-LNPs can enable their rational design toward enhanced gene delivery.
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF A CHLORITE

1. BRGM – The French Geological Survey – 3 av. Claude Guillemin BP6009 45060 Orléans cedex 2, France (h.gailhanou@brgm.fr) 2. TECSEN – Université Paul Cézanne, av. Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France (j.rogez@univ-cezanne.fr) 3. Chemical Thermodynamics Group, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (a.c.g.vangenderen@chem.uu.nl) 4. LPEC Laboratoire de Physique de l’Etat Condensé – Université du Maine, av. Olivier Messiaen, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France (greneche@univ-lemans.fr)
Seclusion: A Patient Perspective

Abstract The appropriate treatment of mentally unwell, aggressive patients has challenged psychiatry for centuries. Seclusion is practiced worldwide, but concerns remain regarding its appropriateness and lack of alternatives. Patients generally report seclusion as a negative experience, though there is a paucity of literature exploring this in detail. This investigation was a service evaluation appraising inpatients’ perspective of processes occurring before (information, communication), during (review, care), and after (debrief, reflection) seclusion in a psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU). In this phenomenological study, qualitative data were gathered using a questionnaire in a structured interview. All patients had been nursed in seclusion during admission to a male PICU at South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. Ten patients were interviewed over 4 months. The central theme was perceived lack of communication in the patient-professional relationship, which manifested itself as (i) violence against patients, (ii) lack of psychological support, and (iii) the need for alternatives. Such feedback from patients queries whether national guidelines are appropriate and/or being adhered to. Healthcare practitioners have a responsibility to challenge accepted practice to continually improve the standard of patient-centred care. Utilising patient perspectives can be a powerful driver of change towards more humane treatment of vulnerable patients.
RETINAL MICROCIRCULATION INVESTIGATION IN TYPE I AND II DIABETIC PATIENTS WITHOUT RETINOPATHY USING AN ADAPTIVE OPTICS RETINAL CAMERA.

Context State of art imaging techniques might be a useful tool to early detect the retinal vessels lesions in diabetes. Objective and design This analytical observational study investigates the retinal microcirculation changes in type I and II diabetic patients without retinopathy using adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AOO) and optical coherence ophthalmoscopy angiography (OCTA). Subjects and methods Fifty-five subjects were included in this study and were divided in three groups: type I diabetic group (n=16), type II diabetic group (n=19) and control group (n=20). An adaptive optics retinal camera was used to assess the parameters of the temporal superior retinal arterioles. Moreover, vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus across the parafoveal area was measured with OCT-A. All cases were investigated once, in a cross-sectional design. Results Diabetic patients from both groups had a higher wall-to-lumen-ratio compared to the controls (p=0.01 and 0.01, respectively). Interestingly, no significant differences were found between the two diabetic groups (p=0.69). Moreover, the vessel density was smaller in the type I diabetic group than in the control group (p=0.001). Conclusion AOO might be a useful tool to detect early retinal vascular changes in diabetes before any clinical signs and together with OCTA it might bring important information on the prognostic and pathophysiology of the disease.
Rapid Death of Follicular B Cells and Burkitt Lymphoma Cells Effectuated by Xbp1s

Key Points Xbp1s inhibits BCR tonic signaling, causing rapid death of FOB cells but not MZB cells. Among many UPR-activated molecules, Xbp1s is the only one that causes FOB cell death. BCR-mediated survival and clonal expansion responses are independently regulated. BCR-mediated tonic signaling is an indispensable requirement for the survival of follicular B (FOB) cells and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells. FOB cells of the I-A12% mutant mouse express unfolded protein response and are extremely short lived. Among the myriad molecules activated by unfolded protein response in I-A12% B cells, Xbp1s singularly “hijacked” p110 from p85:p110 heterodimeric PI3K, thereby abating BCR tonic signaling, resulting in their extremely short lifespan. Long-lived normal FOB cells became short lived upon ectopic Xbp1s expression. The proapoptotic Xbp1s role in FOB cells starkly contrasts with its antithetical prosurvival function in plasma cells. Also, tonic signaling and clonal expansion, two important functions mediated by the same BCR, operate in independent and distinct manners. Furthermore, concerning the development of new therapeutic treatment of drug-refractory BL patients, our finding of Xbp1s-mediated rapid death of BL cells brings forth a conceptual advancement based on blocking PI3K heterodimer formation rather than inhibition of PI3K enzyme activity.
Postnatal ossification of the thoracic limb in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) (Meyen, 1833) from the Mediterranean Sea

We analyzed the thoracic limbs of 24 striped dolphins, Stenella coeruleoalba, by means of X-ray techniques. The body length of the dolphins, the number of postnatal dentine growth layers in the teeth, the degree of ossification of the hyoid bones, and development of the gonads (when available) were correlated with X-rays and used to estimate growth stages and skeletal maturity. Newborn animals showed advanced ossification centers in the humerus and at the proximal end of the radius and ulna. The proximal end of the humerus and the distal end of the radius and ulna ossify later, followed by closure of the epiphyseal plates at the proximal and distal ends of the metacarpal bones and phalanges. We identified physical maturity by epiphyseal fusion in the thoracic limb, and considered full maturity to have been attained with deposition of bone at the level of the epiphysis-metaphysis line. The results are discussed in relation to a possible new system of age determination in S. coeruleoalba.
Tissue Sources and Diagnostic Value of Circulating Enzymes in Cetaceans

Tissue activities of alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatine kinase (CK) were determined in three cetacean species: the bottlenosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas, and harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena. Liver was the principal source of AlAT and SDH activity; GGT and ALP were concentrated in kidney. Muscle tissues showed the highest CK and AspAT activity, although most other tissues had appreciable AspAT activity. Based on tissue specificity, plasma AlAT and SDH are recommended for use in diagnosing hepatic disorders. Plasma GGT may have potential value in assessing the type of hepatobiliary damage caused by trematodes in cetaceans; ALP has no obvious advantage over GGT. Creatine kinase elevations in plasma would indicate muscle damage or exercise stress, while plasma AspAT may reflect either muscle or liver release and must be used in con.
HIV gp120 Induces the Release of Proinflammatory, Angiogenic, and Lymphangiogenic Factors from Human Lung Mast Cells

Human lung mast cells (HLMCs) express the high-affinity receptor FcεRI for IgE and are involved in chronic pulmonary diseases occurring at high frequency among HIV-infected individuals. Immunoglobulin superantigens bind to the variable regions of either the heavy or light chain of immunoglobulins (Igs). Glycoprotein 120 (gp120) of HIV-1 is a typical immunoglobulin superantigen interacting with the heavy chain, variable 3 (VH3) region of human Igs. The present study investigated whether immunoglobulin superantigen gp120 caused the release of different classes of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory mediators from HLMCs. The results show that gp120 from different clades induced the rapid (30 min) release of preformed mediators (histamine and tryptase) from HLMCs. gp120 also caused the de novo synthesis of cysteinyl leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) from HLMCs. Incubation (6 h) of HLMC with gp120 induced the release of angiogenic (VEGF-A) and lymphangiogenic (VEGF-C) factors from HLMCs. The activating property of gp120 was mediated through the interaction with IgE VH3+ bound to FcεRI. Our data indicate that HIV gp120 is a viral superantigen, which induces the release of different proinflammatory, angiogenic, and lymphangiogenic factors from HLMCs. These observations could contribute to understanding, at least in part, the pathophysiology of chronic pulmonary diseases in HIV-infected individuals.
Adaption of Maximal Glycolysis Rate after Resistance Exercise with Different Volume Load

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six-weeks of resistance training with different volume load on the maximum glycolysis rate. 24 male strength-trained volunteers were assigned in a high volume low load (50% of their 1RM with 5 sets and reps up to muscle failure) and a low volume high load (70% of their 1RM with 5 sets of ten reps) resistance exercise group. The resistance training performed 3 days per week over 6 weeks. The maximum glycolysis rate was determined using isokinetic force testing before and after the intervention. There was a significant increase in glycolysis rate over the training period across all subjects (p=0.032). High volume low load exercise increased significantly from 0.271±0.067 mmol·l−1·s−1 to 0.298±0.067 mmol·l−1·s−1 (p=0.022) and low volume high load exercise showed no significant changes from 0.249±0.122 mmol·l−1·s−1 to 0.291±0.089 mmol·l−1·s−1 (p=0.233). No significant effect on glycolysis rate was observed between the training groups (p=0.650). Resistance training increases glycolysis rate regardless of volume load.
Evaluation of swede score and reid score to improve the predictive value of colposcopy and its correlation with histology

Carcinoma cervix is an important cause of female mortality in our country. India alone accounts for one quarter of worldwide burden. It is estimated that cervical cancer occurs in approx. 1 in 53 Indian women during their lifetime as compared to 1 in 100 women in developed world and India brunt's 18% of the invasive cancer cervix in world. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical dysplasia is a premalignant condition of the cervix caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Albeit, it is most commonly encountered STI with unavoidable massive prevalence worldwide but easy accessibility of the cervix to clinical examination, application of cytology and tissue sampling procedure have led to extensive screening programme for early detection and treatment of the disease as invasive cancer.
A re-evaluation of the genus Colonomyia Colless (Diptera, Sciaroidea), with the description of two new species

The genus Colonomyia Colless contains six species in the Australasian and Neotropical Regions. Several recognized synapomorphies leave no doubt that Colonomyia is a monophyletic group, with the Australasian species more closely related to one another than to the Neotropical species. On arguments derived from the wing venation, Colonomyia is hypothesized to be the sister-group of the genus Ohakunea Edwards, both together representing a lineage distinct from the family-level taxa currently recognized in the Sciaroidea. Colonomyia borea sp. n. from Costa Rica and C. rakelae sp. n. from Papua New Guinea are described. Recognition of these new species extends the distribution of the genus Colonomyia into the tropical zone and the northern hemisphere.
Near-Optimal Polynomial for Modulus Reduction Using L2-Norm for Approximate Homomorphic Encryption

Since Cheon <italic>et al.</italic> introduced an approximate homomorphic encryption scheme for complex numbers called Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song (CKKS) scheme, it has been widely used and applied in real-life situations, such as privacy-preserving machine learning. The polynomial approximation of a modulus reduction is the most difficult part of the bootstrapping for the CKKS scheme. In this article, we cast the problem of finding an approximate polynomial for a modulus reduction into an L2-norm minimization problem. As a result, we find an approximate polynomial for the modulus reduction without using the sine function, which is the upper bound for the approximation of the modulus reduction. With the proposed method, we can reduce the degree of the polynomial required for an approximate modulus reduction, while also reducing the error compared with the most recent result reported by Han <italic>et al.</italic> (CT-RSA’ 20). Consequently, we can achieve a low-error approximation, such that the maximum error is less than 2<sup>−40</sup> for the size of the message <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m/q\approx 2^{-10}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. By using the proposed method, the constraint of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q = \mathcal {O}(m^{3/2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is relaxed as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(m)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and thus the level loss in bootstrapping can be reduced. The solution to the cast problem is determined in an efficient manner without iteration.
Effects of Low Environmental pH on Smolting of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

We reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in soft water (hardness 13 mg/L as CaCO3) at two pH levels, 6.4–6.7 and 4.2–4.7, from February to June, to assess the effect of low pH on survival, growth, and the smolting process under rising (4–8.5 °C) or relatively constant (9.5–10.5 °C) temperature. Survival was lower as a result of low pH (4.2–4.7) under both temperature regimes. Neither group exposed to low pH gained weight whereas both control groups gained weight during the experiment. Parr–smolt transformation, as indicated by salinity tolerance and gill Na+, K+ ATPase activity, was impaired as a result of low pH. The large (17–19 cm) parr used in this study were initially salinity tolerant and those at control pH (6.4–6.7) increased tolerance to 35‰ salinity between March and May; those in low pH became intolerant of high salinity. ATPase levels in salmon reared at low pH were significantly lower than those at normal pH levels under both temperature regimes. ATPase activity was significantly greater in fi.
HIF1α delays premature senescence through the activation of MIF

Premature senescence in vitro has been attributed to oxidative stress leading to a DNA damage response. In the absence of oxidative damage that occurs at atmospheric oxygen levels, proliferation of untransformed cells continues for extended periods of time. We have investigated the role of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) transcription factor in preventing senescence in aerobic and hypoxic conditions. Using embryonic fibroblasts from a conditional HIF1α knockout mouse, we found that loss of HIF1α under aerobic conditions significantly accelerated the onset of cellular senescence, and decreased proliferation under hypoxia. Furthermore, we identify the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a crucial effector of HIF1α that delays senescence. Inhibition of MIF phenocopies loss of HIF1α. Our findings highlight a novel role for HIF1α under aerobic conditions, and identify MIF as a target responsible for this function.
BRAIN LESION STUDIES

The aim of the present review is to investigate the cerebral correlates, more particularly the role of the parietal lobe, when imitating intransitive gestures, a task highly sensitive to apraxic errors. By providing an integrative review of functional imaging and brain lesion studies, we focused our attention on the meaning of gestures (meaningful and meaningless) and the body parts (finger and hand). We found that imitation of intransitive gestures is relying upon a bilateral brain network including fronto-parietal areas irrespective of meaning or body parts. Moreover, we observed that while imitation of meaningful and meaningless gestures is predominantly impacted following left parietal lesions, more brain areas are engaged during meaningless gesture imitation. Concerning body parts, whereas imitation of hand postures is relying upon the left parietal lobe (angular gyrus), imitation of finger postures is more likely to be impaired following lesions in the frontal lobe, insula and basal ganglia. These results question neuropsychological theories on apraxia and open promising avenues for a better understanding of apraxia.