Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partial Resistance Components for the Management of Spot Blotch Pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Eighty barley genotypes were evaluated for partial resistance components of spot blotch disease of barley caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana under field conditions. Barley genotypes were inoculated with 29 B isolate of Bipolaris sorokiniana and the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), size of lesion, number of lesions leaf−1 and number of spores lesion−1 were recorded for penultimate leaves. A wide range of variation was observed for the components of partial resistance in barley genotypes. AUDPC and size of lesion identified as first principal components for the resistance. Further cluster analysis clustered genotypes into 10 groups and barley genotypes BCU5592, BCU5613, BCU1452, BCU138 and BCU133 exhibited low AUDPC, smaller lesion size, less number of lesions leaf−1 and less number of spores lesion−1. Selecting these genotypes exhibiting resistant components could be helpful in reducing losses caused by disease and thus contribute to increased yield.
SENSIBILITE A 23 ANTIBIOTIQUES DE 83 SOUCHES DE AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA ISOLEES D'EAUX LIBANAISES

Quatre-vingt-trois souches de Aeromonas hydrophila sont isolees de l'environnement aquatique au Liban. Apres identification des souches par le systeme API-20E (bioMerieux - France), la sensibilite vis-a-vis de 23 antibiotiques a ete determinee.L'etude a montre que les souches etaient resistantes a 100 % a l'Amoxicilline. L'Acide Clavulanique n'a restaure l'activite de cette molecule que chez 26,5 % des souches. La sensibilite a la Ticarcilline etait de l'ordre de 32,53 %. Deux souches etaient productrice de beta-lactamases a spectre elargi (BLSE). Plusieurs profils de resistance ont ete constates, le profil le plus important etait Amoxicilline + Amoxicilline-Acide Clavulanique + Ticarcilline + Cephalexine.
Association of dark septate endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in potato under field conditions in the northeast region of India

Despite numerous studies on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), nothing is known about colonization by dark septate endophytes (DSE). In a study of DSE and AMF associations in a potato field at Meghalaya, northeast India, monthly DSE and AMF colonization ranged from 7.9±2.9–13.2±1.65 and 6.98±3.13–12.4±3.53%, respectively. There were no significant differences in monthly DSE and AMF colonization. AMF hyphal colonization had a significant negative correlation with pH and available phosphorus (p < 0.05). Total AMF colonization was negatively correlated with organic carbon (p < 0.05). DSE colonization showed a significant negative correlation with root hair density (p < 0.05). However, AMF colonization, although negatively correlated with root hairs, was not significant. Sixteen AMF morphotypes were identified from the genera Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Pacispora and Scutellospora; a few remain unidentified. The results indicated that DSE and AMF colonization progressed synchronously with the dominance of Glomus tortuosum, Pacispora boliviana and Gigaspora margarita.
Synergistic Activation of the Serotonin-1A Receptor by Nuclear Factor-κB and Estrogen

Estrogen exerts profound effects on mood and mental state. The ability of estrogen to modulate serotonergic function raises the possibility that it may play a role in the mechanism associated with depression and its treatment. A cellular mechanism for estrogen to influence mood might be through the regulation of genes involved at various levels of the serotonin system. Here we report that estrogen can up-regulate the expression of the serotonin-1A receptor via a new mechanism involving synergistic activation by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) with estrogen receptor α. Interestingly, we observed that only estrogen receptor-α, and not -β, was able to mediate this effect of estrogens. The partial antiestrogen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, had the same effect as estrogen. In addition, mutation analysis showed that both the transactivation function of p65 and activation function 1 of estrogen receptor-α were essential for this synergistic regulation. Therefore, we propose that NF-κB complexes cooperate with estrogen receptor.
The Role of Cytokines in Human Endometrium: The Inhibitory Effect of IL-1 and TNF α on in Vitro Decidualization and mRNA Expression of M-CSF, SCF and LIF in the Human Endometrium

With a culture system of human endometrial stromal cells, the effects of cytokines of interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interferon (IFN)β, and IFNγ were examined. In a dose-dependent manner, IL-1 and TNFα inhibited progesterone-induced in vitro decidualization indicated by PRL production and cellular transformation with no cytotoxicity. IFNβ had no effect, but IFNγ inhibited PRL production caused by cytotoxicity. By Northern blot analysis and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, human endometrium was shown to express the genes of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), stem cell factor (SCF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). During stromal cell culture with progesterone, mRNA expression of both M-CSF and its receptor, c-fms, was significantly increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. There was no difference in the expression of SCF mRNA between proliferative and secretory phase endometrium, but higher expression of SCF mRNA was observed in decidua of early pregnancy. LIF mRNA was more strongly expressed in secretory phase endometria than in proliferative ones. In culture experiments, SCF gene expression was higher in stromal cells, on the other hand, LIF mRNA was more strongly expressed in glandular epithelial cells. But no significant changes in SCF or LIF mRNAs were identified in our culture system for in vitro decidualization. These findings suggested an important regulatory role of cytokines in endometrial differentiation, and, in addition, endometrial stromal cells and glandular cells may play independent roles in producing cytokines essential for local immune cell proliferation and/or differentiation. Thus an immune-endocrine network exists in the human uterus to regulate the endometrial function.
Influence of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of North American Ginseng

ABSTRACT Information on nitrogen (N) fertilization of North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is needed to optimize dry matter accumulation, ginsenoside concentration, and root yields. Field experiments were initiated in 1995 and 1996 to study the effects of N fertilization on dry matter accumulation, N concentration and accumulation, final root yield, and ginsenoside concentration of American ginseng production in a Fox loamy sand (Psammentic Hapludalf). Ammonium sulfate was broadcast-applied at rates of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 kg N/ha prior to seedling emergence in the spring of each of the four growing seasons. The eight N treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Ginseng plant dry weight showed a quadratic response to increasing N rate. As the rate of N fertilizer applied was increased, significant increases in tissue N concentration resulted. Approximately, 50 percent of the total N accumulated was allocated to the roots in the first year of growth while approximately 66 percent of the total N accumulated was allocated to the roots in the subsequent years of growth. Ginsenoside contents of the harvested roots were not significantly affected by N fertilizer application rates. Based on the quadratic model fitted to the data, maximum yields of four-year-old commercially harvested ginseng roots can be obtained in Ontario with annual additions of about 40 kg N/ha in the spring, prior to plant emergence.
THE ROLE OF MICROBIAL GUMS IN THE COLOR AND CONSISTENCY OF PALM WINE

Viscosity and soluble color changes in palm wine during fermentation were found to show an early increase followed by a gradual decline. Addition of absolute alcohol to palm wine precipitated gums that were absent in the palm sap, indicating production during fermentation. Precipitation of the gum was accompanied by loss in coloration and a significant reduction in viscosity. These properties were regained on reintroduction of the gum showing that the gums were responsible for the properties. Yeasts and bacteria isolated from palm wine were employed in pure culture fermentations of sterile palm sap to determine the origin of the gums. The results showed that the gums were produced mainly by leuconostocs, while two other bacteria not fully identified and a homofermenting Lactobacillus spp. also produced some. Analysis showed the Lactobateriaceae gums to be all glucans, while the gums of the other bacteria were fructans. Palm wine was found to contain both types of gum (80% glucans, 20% fructans), showing that many bacteria produce gums in palm wine concomitantly.
The Askov long‐term field experiments

The Askov Long‐Term Experiments on Animal Manure and Mineral Fertilizers were initiated in 1984 on two sites with contrasting texture, a coarse sand (Sandmarken) and a light sandy loam soil (Lernmarken). Annual precipitation is 862 mm and mean temperature 7.7°C. On each site, four fields (blocks) are employed with plot sizes ranging from 55 m2 to 110 m2. The experiments grow a four‐course rotation of autumn‐sown cereals (wheat or rye), root crops (beetroot or potatoes), spring sown barley with an underseed of legume/grass mixture which overwinters and constituents the next rotation element. The main treatments are different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (0, 1/2 , 1, 1 1/2, 2) given in mineral fertilizers (NPK) or animal manure (AM). Plots receiving N, P and K. alone or in combinations of two are also included. The amounts of nutrients added were changed in 1907, 1923, 1949 and 1973, but during each period almost similar dressings of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium have been applied in co.
The Dynamics of Nutrient Limitation of Phytoplankton Algae: A Model Reconsidered

A model of phytoplankton nutrient dynamics similar to that proposed by Dugdale (1967) simulated the dynamics of phytoplankton—nutrient interactions in lakes. Phyoplankton population crashes similar to those commonly observed in spring phytoplankton blooms occur during simulation whenever large amounts of the limiting nutrient are initially provided. The model shows the phytoplankton death rate as an important influence on the steady state nutrient concentration and population density. Zooplankton grazing appears to be potentially important in triggering blue—green algal blooms and in maintaining high phytoplankton species diversity; phytoplankton mortality caused by settling may be a factor in the seasonal succession of plankton algae. Two potentially confounding factors–nutrient regeneration from dead cells and multiple limiting nutrients–are shown to have no significant effect on the properties of the model. See full-text article at JSTOR
THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT QUALITY AND BA ON in vitro GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

Gardenia is an ornamental shrub or small tree that has thick dark evergreen leaves and fragrant flowers of white colour. It is used as a garden plant in the mild climate as well as a flowering potted plant. Many studies have been taken to propagate gardenia in vitro and to reduce the time necessary for the introduction of new cultivars. The present study investigated the effect of different light qualities (white, blue, yellow, red) on shoot and root development and growth of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Shoot tips were obtained from aseptic in vitro cultures and explants were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing BA at 5 or 25 µM as well as on medium without growth regu- lators. The experiment lasted 6 weeks and was repeated twice. The promoting effect of yellow light on the length of the main shoot growing on control medium was noted. There was no significant effect of different light qualities on the number of axillary shoots ob- tained from tip shoots cultured on growth regulator-free medium. Yellow light increased the number of axillary shoots from explants cultivated on medium containing 25 µM BA and it promoted shoot elongation most strongly on medium with the addition of 5 µM BA. Red and yellow light increased the number of roots on control medium, whereas yellow light significantly promoted root elongation growth. However, yellow and white light had the most positive effect on the average fresh weight of roots.
ROOT, ROOT, ROOT FOR THE HOME TEAM: THE PERSUASIVE ABILITY OF SALESPERSON PERCEIVED TEAM IDENTIFICATION IN THE BUYER-SELLER DYADIC EXCHANGE

It has been well established that fans of a team establish a psychological connection to their team (Dietz-Uhler and Lanter 2008). These sports fans who identify strongly with their team tend to experience more extreme feelings than those who identify weakly with their team (Dietz-Uhler and Lanter 2008). Accordingly, the evident importance of these strong relationships between fans and their favorite teams and athletes has also begun to spur research in the field of marketing. For example, research by Gwinner and Swanson (2003) investigates the relationship between fan identification and the attitude towards the sponsor. Their findings indicate that the greater the individuals’ connection to their team, the higher their opinions of the sponsoring company. Despite these findings, literature has yet to investigate other areas of a firms’ strategic marketing initiatives which may also benefit from this connection. One such area, personal selling, relies deeply on building relationships as a basis of influence (Evans et al. 2012). Surprisingly, minimal studies in the sales literature have investigated similarities in mutual interests or hobbies, and there exists no current study in the sales literature which looks at one of the most universal and beloved interests in today’s society: sports. Accordingly, this paper looks to fill this gap in the literature by investigating how congruent identification with a sports team can help to build and strengthen relations in the buyerseller dyadic exchange. More specifically, we discuss below how a salesperson’s use of team identification as an indicator of similarity or ingroup membership is likely to influence customer gratitude, trust in the salesperson, satisfaction with the relationship between the rep and their customer, and finally, the customer’s intention to purchase.
Dynamical effects of weak trophic interactions in a stochastic food web simulation

Network models are traditional in community ecology. For example, they provide a rich analytical toolkit to put higher predators into a multispecies context. Better understanding their top-down effects and the potential bottom-up control on them would be of key importance for predictive ecosystem management. Food web architecture may be used to predict community dynamics, but it is an old question how reliable are the studies considering only static information. A general and intuitive assumption is that stronger links (with larger weights) mediate stronger effects. We study this statement and use an illustrative case study. We investigate the trophic structure of the Prince William Sound food web in terms of biomass flows, and study its simulated dynamics in a stochastic modelling framework. We aim to understand bottom-up effects of preys on consumers: we focus on the fluctuations of top predator populations, following disturbance on their prey. Several disturbance regimes are studied and compared. Food web structure and link weight generally predict well the average impacts of preys on top-predators, with larger flows mediating stronger effects. Most exceptions appear for weak links: these are less predictable, some of them can be surprisingly important.
‘Ties That Don’t Bind’: Justice And Trust In Eastern And Western Europe

This study uses a comparative cross-sectional approach in order to measure citizen opinions on the topics of justice and trust in police in contemporary Eastern European (Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland) and the United Kingdom. Data are taken from the European Social Survey Round 5 which has been conducted in 20 countries. I use crosstabs and graphs to describe the differences in perceived fairness and impartiality in police decisions and the support that they get from citizens across six countries. In the same vein, I describe the issues of police doing a good or bad job as perceived by community members. In the UK three times more respondents think that the police are doing a good job in comparison with the ones who believe the opposite, while in Hungary the proportion shows that almost twice as more people believe their officers are doing a bad job in comparison with the ones who support them. I ran a four nested model linear regression including the dependent variable of trust in police and the independent variables of post-communist country, police effectiveness, fairness, police engagement in the community, perceived risk of victimization, socio-demographics, the risk of being caught if committing a crime and social and political trust. The findings fit with existing literature on trust in police.
Transmitting the threat: Media coverage and the discussion of terrorism and civil liberties since 9/11

Since 11 September 2001, a significant portion of the public debate in the United States has focused upon the threat of terrorism. Previous scholarship has concluded that exposure to threatening information may result in significant alterations to individual decision‐making and, ultimately, may influence support for expansive civil liberties. Since information may critically impact support for civil liberties, the current study investigates alterations in print and broadcast media content related to civil liberties before and after 11 September 2001. The content analyses utilized here focus upon the types of content (such as threatening information, group‐specific information, and contextual information) that experimental research has suggested may influence individual decision‐making concerning civil liberties. Results suggest that threatening information in the media coverage of civil liberties escalated following 9/11 until it peaked in the year 2003. Following 2003, levels of threatening information gradually decreased, returning to pre‐9/11 levels in 2006. In comparison to broadcast media, the print media seems to have experienced fewer changes following 9/11.
The effects of temperature on egg development and web site selection in Nephila clavipes

Abstract Temperature affects metabolic rate and egg development in mature female spiders. For temperate species, declining temperatures toward the end of the reproductive season may limit reproductive output, particularly for late-maturing females. Although spiders are known to alter their web-site preferences in response to temperature, it is unknown whether females can use web placement to overcome low temperatures that prohibit reproduction and thus extend their reproductive time frame. I surveyed web temperatures for female Nephila clavipes (Linneaus 1767) to compare female web sites and control sites at the beginning and end of the reproductive season in order to assess whether females change their web preferences in response to declining temperatures. Survey data showed that the web sites chosen by females at the end of the reproductive season have a higher minimum temperature than sites occupied during the early season. In a laboratory experiment, I addressed whether a low but biologically relevant temperature affects egg development and the female's ability to oviposit in N. clavipes. Females kept at 16° C failed to oviposit and showed signs of slowed egg development. Thus this preliminary study suggests that females may be able to protect themselves against temperatures that are prohibitively low for reproduction, but further experiments should explore the effects of temperature on egg development and web-site selection in this species.
Effect of field peas and wheat on the yield and protein content of subsequent wheat crops grown at several rates of applied nitrogen

The responses of wheat to various rates of N fertiliser were compared following field peas (PW) or wheat (WW) in the previous year. Seventeen trials were carried out at 5 sites between 1986 and 1991. The trials were on medium- and fine-textured soils (clay loams or shallow duplex soils). The overall grain yield of PW appeared greater than WW in 11 trials [was significantly greater in 9 (P<0.05)], and did not appear different in 6 trials. When no N was applied the yield advantage of PW was 41% (PW 1.91 t/ha cf. WW 1.37 t/ha). Quadratic response curves were fitted to all yield data. Rotation x N rate interaction was significant (P<0.05) in 10 comparisons. In 5 trials, while there was a yield increase to N fertiliser with WW, the yields decreased with PW. In 3 trials while there was an increase with WW there was no response with PW or a reduction at higher rates of N. In the remaining 2 trials there were responses with both PW and WW, but this was greater for WW. The response curves in these 10 trials either converged and met, indicating that the difference between rotations was due to N availability, or converged but did not meet, indicating that N was important but did not explain the whole difference. Where there was no interaction between rotation and N rate the response curves were parallel. The type of response could not be predicted. It was not profitable to apply N fertiliser to wheat in the PW rotation in 11 of the 17 trials. The average yield advantage of PW over WW, in the absence of N was 540 kg/ha, while there was an average increase of 1.7% grain protein.
Assessment of Grain Zinc and Iron Variability in Rice Germplasm using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrophotometer (ED-XRF)

Micronutrient and vitamin deficiency diseases are prevalent among the rice eating population and particularly poor people who are unable to afford nutrient rich supplementary food sources. Consequently, biofortification project has been initiated to identify or develop varieties having high iron and zinc. In the present study, rice germplasm was collected from various sources and cultivated at one location. Considering the advantages of grain micronutrient content analysis through non-destructive method, grain iron and zinc content were analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer (ED XRF). Among the various germplasm studied, promising lines for zinc alone were identified in IRRI and North Eastern Land Races to further enhance zinc through conventional breeding. Effect of sample weight and moisture were also studied and the results indicate that 5 g optimum sample weight is essential for ED XRF and all the samples should _________________________________ *Corresponding author: sraodurbha@gmail.com contain similar moisture level to identify
Functional Integrity of Boar Spermatozoa and Sow Fertility Using Raphia (Raphia hookeri) Palmwine plus ‘Nche’ (Saccoglotis gabonensis) Urban Extender

Abstract Umesiobi, D.O. 2004. Functional integrity of boar spermatozoa and sow fertility using raphia (Raphia hookeri) palmwine plus ‘nche’ (Saccoglotis gabonensis) urban extender. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 26: 53–56. Ninety-six (2.5 year) cycling, non-lactating Large White sows and twelve (2 years) Large White boars were used in an AI programme to study the effects of raphia (Raphia hookeri) palmwine alone (RP) or with ‘Nche’ (Saccoglotis gabonensis) Urban (RPS) semen extender as compared with a conventional Cornell University extender (CUE) on boar semen viability and fertility of inseminated sows. RPS semen extender gave the highest sperm motility, live sperm per cent, sperm concentration and normal apical ridge with least abnormal sperm per cent, damaged and missing apical ridge and loose acrosomal cap. CUE, RP and no extender followed in that order for these characteristics. Same pattern was observed in sows' farrowing rate and total and live piglets born per sow. Thus RPS is recommended for boar semen dilution programme.