Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE (

The cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) is believed by many to overcome the problems associated with the use of cross-lagged correlations as a way to study causal influences in longitudinal panel data. The current article, however, shows that if stability of constructs is to some extent of a trait-like, time-invariant nature, the autoregressive relationships of the CLPM fail to adequately account for this. As a result, the lagged parameters that are obtained with the CLPM do not represent the actual within-person relationships over time, and this may lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the presence , predominance , and sign of causal influences. In this article we present an alternative model that separates the within-person process from stable between-person differences through the inclusion of random inter- cepts, and we discuss how this model is related to existing structural equation models that include cross-lagged relationships. We derive the analytical relationship between the cross-lagged parameters from the CLPM and the alternative model, and use simulations to demonstrate the spurious results that may arise when using the CLPM to analyze data that include stable, trait-like individual differences. We also present a modeling strategy to avoid this pitfall and illustrate this using an empirical data set. The implications for both existing and future cross-lagged panel research are discussed.
Clitics are/become Minimal(ist)

This paper considers the general question of what properties distinguish clitics from other sorts of words. Focusing on South Slavic and in particular Slovenian data, it is argued that canonically clitics are minimal vocabulary items with respect to sound, meaning, and syntax: they lack (i) prosodic structure (above the syllable), (ii) semantic features (beyond the purely grammatical), and (iii) syntactic structure (above the head). For some items, however, departures from this canonical characterization exist, as do additional restrictions.
Updated measurement method and uncertainty budget for direct emissivity measurements at UPV/EHU

This work reports on the upgrades made to the direct emissivity measurement facility of the UPV/EHU. The instrumental improvements consist of, among others, a high-vacuum system and wider temperature range (300-1273 K). Methodological developments include a refined measurement equation with updated parameters and a reworked ISO-compliant uncertainty budget, and a Monte Carlo procedure for accurate calculations of total emissivities from spectral data. These upgrades have been demonstrated and validated in measurements of both metallic and ceramic materials. The results obtained in this work are applicable to similar experimental devices for emissivity measurements in order to report reliable emissivity data.
Genes , Economics , and Happiness

A major finding from research into the sources of subjective well-being is that individuals exhibit a “baseline” level of happiness. We explore the influence of genetic variation by employing a twin design and genetic association study. We first show that about 33% of the variation in happiness is explained by genes. Next, using two independent data sources, we present evidence that individuals with a transcriptionally more efficient version of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) report significantly higher levels of life satisfaction. These results are the first to identify a specific gene that is associated with happiness and suggest that behavioral models benefit from integrating genetic variation. (JEL A12, D03, D87, Z00)
Four-Tier Optics Diagnostic Test (4T-ODT) to Identify Student Misconceptions

Difﬁculty understanding student concepts needs to be known so that students can understand concepts well and avoid misconceptions. Diagnostic tests as a solution to reduce misconceptions of concepts in students. One type of diagnostic test is 4 tier tests. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of the 4 Tier-Optical Diagnostic Test (4T-ODT) instrument in identifying mis-conceptions in students. Research is R&D with 4D models. The created 4T-MDT instrument consists of 20 multiple-choice questions. After the 4T-ODT instrument is validated, an average assessment of 84% is obtained, which means it is feasible to use and implement it to students. The results of the trial showed that as many as 15 items on the 4T-ODT instrument were valid and had high reliability. So that the 4T-ODT instrument serves to identify the proﬁle of students’ physics misconceptions on optical material.
Cognitive Control , Goal Maintenance , and Prefrontal Function in Healthy Aging

Cognitive control impairments in healthy older adults may partly reflect disturbances in the ability to actively maintain goal-relevant information, a function that depends on the engagement of lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). In 2 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, healthy young and older adults performed versions of a task in which contextual cues provide goal-relevant information used to bias processing of subsequent ambiguous probes. In Study 1, a blocked design and manipulation of the cue--probe delay interval revealed a generalized pattern of enhanced task-related brain activity in older adults but combined with a specific delayrelated reduction of activity in lateral PFC regions. In Study 2, a combined blocked/event-related design revealed enhanced sustained (i.e., across-trial) activity but a reduction in transient trial-related activation in lateral PFC among older adults. Further analyses of within-trial activity dynamics indicated that, within these and other lateral PFC regions, older adults showed reduced activation during the cue and delay period but increased activation at the time of the probe, particularly on high-interference trials. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that age-related impairments in goal maintenance abilities cause a compensatory shift in older adults from a proactive (seen in young adults) to a reactive cognitive control strategy.
Expression of Color Appearance in Aperture and Surface Color Modes with A Category Rating Estimation Method

It has been shown that the color space is consistently divided into 11 basic color categories (white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, orange, purple, pink and gray). Uchikawa et al. 1993) reported that categorical regions of a color space, measured with the categorical color naming method, did not vary with luminance levels in the aperture mode, but varied in the surface color modes. In this investigation, we conceived a new method, called a category rating estimation method, that could estimate continuous color appearance changes using basic color categories, in order to compare categorical regions and continuous color appearance changes. In this method, color appearance of a test color was measured by ratings of three basic color categories, according to which category appeared more similar to the test color. The results show that categorical regions found in the previous experiments correspond well to highly rated category regions in the present experiments, except for white in the aperture color mode, white, gray, black and yellow in the surface color mode. Furthermore, surface colors made by a color CRT were not found to be much different from those made by color chips.
Exploring the spectroscopic diversity of Type Ia supernovae

The velocities and equivalent widths (EWs) of a set of absorption features are measured for a sample of 28 well-observed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) covering a wide range of properties. The values of these quantities at maximum are obtained through interpolation/extrapolation and plotted against the decline rate, and so are various line ratios. The SNe are divided according to their velocity evolution into three classes defined in a previous work of Benetti et al.: low velocity gradient (LVG), high velocity gradient (HVG) and FAINT. It is found that all the LVG SNe have approximately uniform velocities at B maximum, while the FAINT SNe have values that decrease with increasing Δm 15 (B) and the HVG SNe have a large spread. The EWs of the Fe-dominated features are approximately constant in all SNe, while those of intermediate mass element (IME) lines have larger values for intermediate decliners and smaller values for brighter and FAINT SNe. The HVG SNe have stronger Si II 60355-A lines, with no correlation with Δm 15 (B). It is also shown that the Si II 5972 A EW and three EW ratios, including one analogous to the R(Si II) ratio introduced by Nugent et al., are good spectroscopic indicators of luminosity. The data suggest that all LVG SNe have approximately constant kinetic energy, since burning to IME extends to similar velocities. The FAINT SNe may have somewhat lower energies. The large velocities and EWs of the IME lines of HVG SNe appear correlated with each other, but are not correlated with the presence of high-velocity features in the Ca II infrared triplet in the earliest spectra for the SNe for which such data exist.
HIV Status Disclosure to Sexual Partners, among People Living with HIV and AIDS on Antiretroviral Therapy at Sokodé Regional Hospital, Togo

Background Many studies have reported factors associated with HIV status disclosure among People Living With HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) but very few were conducted among PLWHA receiving ART. In Togo, no study on HIV status disclosure to sexual partners has been conducted among PLWHA on ART yet. We sought to document factors associated with HIV status disclosure among PLWHA receiving ART at Sokodé regional hospital in Togo. Method This was a cross-sectional study conducted from May to July 2013 at the regional hospital of Sokodé among 291 PLWHA who had been on ART for at least three months. Results A total of 291 PLWHA on ART were enrolled in this study. Their mean age (±SD) was 37.3±9.3 years and the sex ratio (Male/Female) was 0.4. Among them, 215 (74.6%) completed the questionnaire on HIV sero-status disclosure. We found that 131 PLWHA (60.9%) had disclosed their HIV sero-status to their sexual partners; 130 (60.5%) were aware of the HIV status of their sexual partners. In the multivariate analysis, the factors associated with HIV status disclosure to sexual partners were: adherence to ART (aOR = 4.89; 95%CI = [1.52; 15.78]), sexual partner awareness of HIV sero-status (aOR = 52.73; 95%CI = [14.76; 188.36]) and marital status of PLWHA (aOR = 6.10; 95%CI = [1.74; 21.37]). Conclusion This study allowed us to note that the disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners is relatively low and to document the associated factors such as adherence to ART, sexual partner awareness of HIV sero-status and marital status.
Retinal image analysis using sub-Riemannian geometry in SE(2)

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Relativistic energy density functionals : Low-energy collective states of 240 Pu and 166 Er

Z. P. Li,1,2,5 T. Nikšić,1 D. Vretenar,1 P. Ring,2,3 and J. Meng2,4 1Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 2State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 3Physik-Department der Technischen Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany 4School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China 5School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China (Received 5 March 2010; published 23 June 2010)
MINIMAL TORSION CURVES IN GEOMETRIC ISOGENY CLASSES

Let E/ Q be a non-CM elliptic curve and let E denote the collection of all elliptic curves geometrically isogenous to E . In this paper, we introduce the problem of studying minimal torsion curves in E , which are elliptic curves E (cid:48) ∈ E attaining a point of prime-power order in least possible degree. If (cid:96) is an odd prime and k is an integer larger than 3, we show there exists E 0 / Q ∈ E and a cyclic subgroup C in E 0 of order (cid:96) such that E 0 /C produces a point on X 1 ( (cid:96) k ) in least odd degree among all odd degree points associated to curves in E . It is somewhat surprising that such a uniform construction exists given the various groups that can arise as the image of the (cid:96) -adic Galois representation associated to E . Our work concludes with a study of minimal torsion curves within the geometric isogeny class of an elliptic curve with complex multiplication.
Immunopathology and Infectious Disease Phagocytes Containing a Disease-Promoting Toll-Like Receptor/Nod Ligand Are Present in the Brain during Demyelinating Disease in Primates

Lizette Visser,* Marie-José Melief,* Debby van Riel,* Marjan van Meurs,* Ella A. Sick, Seiichi Inamura, Jeffrey J. Bajramovic, Sandra Amor, Rogier Q. Hintzen, Leonie A. Boven,* Bert A. ’t Hart, and Jon D. Laman* From the Departments of Immunology* and Neurology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; the Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, The Netherlands; and the Division of Immunochemistry, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
Analysis of wall-pressure fluctuation sources from DNS of turbulent channel flow

The sources of wall-pressure fluctuation in turbulent channel flow are studied using a novel framework. The wall-pressure power spectral density (PSD) $(\phi_{pp}(\omega))$ is expressed as an integrated contribution from all wall-parallel plane pairs, $\phi_{pp}(\omega)=\int_{-1}^{+1}\int_{-1}^{+1}\Gamma(r,s,\omega)\,\mathrm{dr}\,\mathrm{ds}$, using the Green's function. $\Gamma(r,s,\omega)$ is termed the net source cross spectral density (CSD) between two wall-parallel planes, $y=r$ and $y=s$. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data at friction Reynolds number of $180$ and $400$ are used to compute $\Gamma(r,s,\omega)$. Analysis of the net source CSD, $\Gamma(r,s,\omega)$ reveals that i) the location of dominant sources responsible for the premultiplied peak in the power spectra at $\omega^+\approx 0.35$ and the wavenumber spectra at $\lambda^+\approx 200$ is in the buffer layer at $y^+\approx 16.5$ and $18.4$ for $Re_{\tau}=180$ and $400$, respectively. ii) The contribution from a wall-parallel plane (located at distance $y^+$ from the wall) to wall-pressure PSD is log-normal in $y^+$ for $\omega^+>0.35$. iii) A dominant inner-overlap region interaction of the sources is observed at low frequencies. Further, the decorrelated features of the wall-pressure fluctuation sources are analyzed using spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). Spectral POD reveals that i) the phase of a spectral POD mode plays a large role in determining its contribution to wall-pressure PSD through constructive/destructive interference. ii) Near-wall wavepackets that contain sources travelling away from the wall are the dominant contributors to wall-pressure PSD at high frequencies. iii) At low frequencies, such wall-normal wavepacket structure of the dominant wall-pressure source is not observed. The wall-parallel waves that constructively interfere contribute the most to wall-pressure PSD.
Semantic Tuples for Evaluation of Image to Sentence Generation

The automatic generation of image captions has received considerable attention. The problem of evaluating caption generation systems, though, has not been that much explored. We propose a novel evaluation approach based on comparing the underlying visual semantics of the candidate and ground-truth captions. With this goal in mind we have defined a semantic representation for visually descriptive language and have augmented a subset of the Flickr-8K dataset with semantic annotations. Our evaluation metric (BAST) can be used not only to compare systems but also to do error analysis and get a better understanding of the type of mistakes a system does. To compute BAST we need to predict the semantic representation for the automatically generated captions. We use the Flickr-ST dataset to train classifiers that predict STs so that evaluation can be fully automated 1.
Erythrina Edulis (Pajuro) Seed Protein: A New Source of Antioxidant Peptides

Erythrina edulis Triana ex Micheli is a protein-enriched legume traditionally used for both dietary and medicinal purposes. In this paper, protein concentrate was obtained from the seed flour. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a high number and intensity of bands in the range between 10 and 90 kDa. Neutrase®, Flavourzyme®, and Alcalase® were used to hydrolyze the protein concentrate at different times. By SDS-PAGE, the lower resistance of proteins to Alcalase® action was observed, providing hydrolyzates with higher radical scavenging activity. The 120 min-hydrolyzate showed ORAC and TEAC values of 2.51 and 0.91 μmol Trolox equivalents/mg of protein, respectively. A fraction lower than 3 kDa and rich in hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids was demonstrated to be mainly responsible for the observed activity. E. edulis could be a new alternative in the formulation of functional foods not only for its high protein content but also for the potential biological properties of its hydrolyzates.
Isometries of the Half-Apollonian Metric

The half-Apollonian metric is a generalization of the hyperbolic metric, similar to the Apollonian metric. It can be defined in arbitrary domains in the euclidean space and has the advantages of being easy to calculate and estimate. We show that the half-Apollonian metric has many geodesics and use this fact to show that in most domains all the isometries of the metric are similarity mappings.
The Partition of Unity Finite Element Method Basic Theory and Applications

The paper presents the basic ideas and the mathematical foundation of the partition of unity nite element method PUFEM We will show how the PUFEM can be used to employ the structure of the di erential equation under consideration to construct e ective and robust methods Although the method and its theory are valid in n dimensions a detailed and illustrative analysis will be given for a one dimensional model problem We identify some classes of non standard problems which can pro t highly from the advantages of the PUFEM and conclude this paper with some open questions concerning implementational aspects of the PUFEM
Spatial instability and break-up of viscoelastic Giesekus curved jets with surfactants

This paper deals with the prilling process, which is widely used to produce small spherical pellets from molten material. To deliver pellets of a uniform size, it is essential to understand the mechanism of the break-up of liquid jets. In this paper, we propose a model of the viscoelastic liquid jet using the Giesekus constitutive equation and investigate drop formation of a viscoelastic curved liquid jet with a layer of surfactants along its free surface. Furthermore, the governing equations have been reduced to one dimension by using an asymptotic analysis. Then, the steady state solutions for a spiralling viscoelastic liquid jet with surfactants have been found, and therefore the spatial instability analysis has been performed to derive the eigenvalue relation. Moreover, the Lax–Wendroff method has been used to solve the nonlinear evolution equations for determining the break-up lengths and drop formation of viscoelastic Giesekus curved jets with surfactants.
SiO Outflows as Tracers of Massive Star Formation in Infrared Dark Clouds

To study the early phases of massive star formation, we present ALMA observations of SiO(5−4) emission and VLA observations of 6 cm continuum emission toward 32 Infrared Dark Cloud clumps, spatially resolved down to ≲0.05 pc. Out of the 32 clumps, we detect SiO emission in 20 clumps, and in 11 of them the SiO emission is relatively strong and likely tracing protostellar outflows. Some SiO outflows are collimated, while others are less ordered. For the six strongest SiO outflows, we estimate basic outflow properties. In our entire sample, where there is SiO emission, we find 1.3 mm continuum and infrared emission nearby, but not vice versa. We build the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of cores with 1.3 mm continuum emission and fit them with radiative transfer models. The low luminosities and stellar masses returned by SED fitting suggest these are early-stage protostars. We see a slight trend of increasing SiO line luminosity with bolometric luminosity, which suggests more powerful shocks in the vicinity of more massive YSOs. We do not see a clear relation between the SiO luminosity and the evolutionary stage indicated by L/M. We conclude that, as a protostar approaches a bolometric luminosity of ∼102 L ⊙, the shocks in the outflow are generally strong enough to form SiO emission. The VLA 6 cm observations toward the 15 clumps with the strongest SiO emission detect emission in four clumps, which is likely from shock-ionized jets associated with the more massive ones of these protostellar cores.
Content-Based Video-Music Retrieval Using Soft Intra-Modal Structure Constraint

Up to now, only limited research has been conducted on cross-modal retrieval of suitable music for a specified video or vice versa. Moreover, much of the existing research relies on metadata such as keywords, tags, or associated description that must be individually produced and attached posterior. This paper introduces a new content-based, cross-modal retrieval method for video and music that is implemented through deep neural networks. We train the network via inter-modal ranking loss such that videos and music with similar semantics end up close together in the embedding space. However, if only the inter-modal ranking constraint is used for embedding, modality-specific characteristics can be lost. To address this problem, we propose a novel soft intra-modal structure loss that leverages the relative distance relationship between intra-modal samples before embedding. We also introduce reasonable quantitative and qualitative experimental protocols to solve the lack of standard protocols for less-mature video-music related tasks. Finally, we construct a large-scale 200K video-music pair benchmark. All the datasets and source code can be found in our online repository (this https URL).