Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tidal Load and Salt Water Influences on Submarine Ground Water Discharge

Field measurements were conducted to characterize the influences of salt water and tidal loading on submarine ground water discharge (SGD) into West Neck Bay on Shelter Island, New York. SGD was continuously recorded at three sites using an ultrasonic ground water seepage meter, and the spatial extents of the terrestrially derived SGD and the salt water/fresh water mixing zone were inferred from electrical conductivity profiling. While SGD increases with increasing hydraulic gradient in the far field of the coastal aquifer, shorter temporal variations of SGD were inversely correlated with tidal stage. SGD and hydraulic heads in the onshore unconfined aquifer near the coast responded asymmetrically to tidal loading, with discharge and head increasing faster than decreasing. A time lag of ∼1 h was observed between the tidal load and responses in onshore head and SGD. This lag represents a manifestation of the travel time required for tidal influences to propagate landward before the hydraulic gradient adjusts and influences seepage. The spatial extent of the fresh water component of SGD determined by electrical conductivity profiles, seepage velocity, and the time lag between tide and SGD amplitudes are in reasonable agreement with analytic estimates.
Recent Advances in the Devices for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Review

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD has been known to adversely affect people’s quality of life. It influences a great number of individuals overall and is a main source of horribleness and mortality. It is associated with major healthcare and socioeconomic burdens. So, it is important to cure such types of diseases. This review article deals with the proper understanding of the newly developed devices and various advances taking place in the treatment of COPD. There are many new methods and procedures being developed recently for the cure or treatment of COPD, of which some are mentioned in the following review article. The articles also deal with the beneficial effects as well as the challenges faced during the use of those newly developed methods during the treatment of the disease. Various types of management of COPD are also mentioned in the article. This article also deals with the various new advances that are currently taking place in devices used in the therapy of COPD.
Stratospheric Temperature Trends over 1979–2015 Derived from Combined SSU, MLS, and SABER Satellite Observations

AbstractTemperature trends in the middle and upper stratosphere are evaluated using measurements from the Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU), combined with data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and Sounding of the Atmosphere Using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instruments. Data from MLS and SABER are vertically integrated to approximate the SSU weighting functions and combined with SSU to provide a data record spanning 1979–2015. Vertical integrals are calculated using empirically derived Gaussian weighting functions, which provide improved agreement with high-latitude SSU measurements compared to previously derived weighting functions. These merged SSU data are used to evaluate decadal-scale trends, solar cycle variations, and volcanic effects from the lower to the upper stratosphere. Episodic warming is observed following the volcanic eruptions of El Chichon (1982) and Mt. Pinatubo (1991), focused in the tropics in the lower stratosphere and in high latitudes in the middle and upper str.
Investigation of the AgNOR (Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizing Region) Protein Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Diseases

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizing Region (AgNOR) proteins in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to determine their potential role in predicting the extent of myocardial damage. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 20 AMI patients and 17 healthy controls. Peripheral blood samples were stained to assess AgNOR protein levels. The AgNOR parameters, such as the number of AgNORs and the total AgNOR area to total nuclear area (TAA/NA) ratio, were analyzed using ImageJ software. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS to assess differences between groups and correlations with clinical markers. Results: The study revealed a significant increase in both the mean AgNOR number and TAA/NA ratio among AMI patients compared to controls (p < 0.01). These parameters also correlated with known cardiac damage markers such as Troponin I level. Sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%) analysis indicated that these AgNOR parameters could effectively differentiate between AMI patients and healthy individuals. Conclusion: AgNOR proteins emerge as a promising and dependable biomarker for evaluating myocardial damage and predicting patient prognosis in cases of AMI. Their remarkable sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing AMI cases underscore their potential clinical utility. However, further studies with larger cohorts are imperative to validate these findings.
Higher vascular plant abundance associated with decreased ecosystem respiration after 20 years of warming in the forest–tundra ecotone

The on‐going climate warming is promoting shrub abundance in high latitudes, but the effect of this phenomenon on ecosystem functioning is expected to depend on whether deciduous or evergreen species increase in response to warming. To explore effects of long‐term warming on shrubs and further on ecosystem functioning, we analysed vegetation and ecosystem CO2 exchange after 20 years of warming in the forest–tundra ecotone in subarctic Sweden. A previous study conducted 9 years earlier had found increased evergreen Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum in the forest and increased deciduous Betula nana in the tundra. Following current understanding, we expected continued increase in shrub abundance that would be stronger in tundra than in forest. We expected warming to increase ecosystem respiration (Re) and gross primary productivity (GPP), with a greater increase in Re in tundra due to increased deciduous shrub abundance, leading to a less negative net ecosystem exchange and reduced ecosystem C sink strength. As predicted, vascular plant abundances were higher in the warmed plots with a stronger response in tundra than in forest. However, whereas B. nana had increased in abundance since the last survey, E. hermaphroditum abundance had declined due to several moth and rodent outbreaks during the past decade. In contrast to predictions, Re was significantly lower in the warmed plots irrespective of habitat, and GPP increased marginally only in the forest. The lower Re and a higher GPP under warming in the forest together led to increased net C sink. Re was negatively associated with the total vascular plant abundance. Our results highlight the importance of disturbance regimes for vegetation responses to warming. Climate warming may promote species with both a high capacity to grow under warmer conditions and a resilience towards herbivore outbreaks. Negative correlation between Re and total vascular plant abundance further indicate that the indirect impacts of increased plants on soil microclimate may become increasingly important for ecosystem CO2 exchange in the long run, which adds to the different mechanisms that link warming and CO2 fluxes in northern ecosystems. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The evolutionary characteristics of temperature change in China during 1961–2020

The changes of annual average, minimum and maximum temperature (Tavg, Tmin and Tmax) in China over 1961–2020 were examined based on the Chinese gridded observation dataset (CN05.1), and the relative contributions of Tmin and Tmax to the tendency of Tavg were addressed. The results show that the nationwide mean warming rate reached 0.29°C·decade−1 for Tavg, 0.39°C·decade−1 for Tmin and 0.24°C·decade−1 for Tmax, respectively, from 1961 to 2020, which depended on temporal windows. The relative contributions of Tmin and Tmax to the trends of Tavg over China during 1961–2020 are 56% and 44%, respectively. On the spatial scale, the majority of China exhibits a greater relative contribution of Tmin than Tmax, except for some areas along the Hu Huanyong Line. As in the case of the warming rate, the temporal patterns of the magnitude of the relative contribution of Tmin and Tmax are also identified. For the first 30 years (1961–1990), Tmin is the primary contributor to changes in the trend of Tavg over a broad area excluding the Qinling Mountain‐Huai River to the Nanling Mountain. The national average magnitudes of the relative contribution of Tmax is slightly larger than Tmin in the latter 30 years (1991–2020). The areas with larger contributions of Tmax are mainly scattered along Hu Huanyong Line, the southern part of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and the patchy parts of Northwest China. Changes in downward longwave radiation, solar radiation, cloud cover, land use, soil moisture, atmospheric circulation and urbanization likely accounted for much of the trend difference of Tmin and Tmax, thereby leading to various relative contributions across different regions during different periods. The warming mechanisms in China have been subjected to novel changes. The study could provide information for decision making on scientific response to warming.
Anomalous Sound Velocities of Talc at High Pressure and Implications for Estimating Water Content in Mantle Wedge

Talc is widely distributed in metamorphic and hydrothermally altered rocks, and its velocity is useful for constraining the velocity of mantle wedge. In this study, we used ultrasonic interferometry to study the elastic properties of talc polycrystalline samples at high pressure (up to 5.6 GPa). VP increases monotonically with increasing pressure, and VS increases with pressure up to ∼3.2 GPa, but negative pressure dependence occurs above ∼3.2 GPa. Talc has a VP/VS ratio of 1.63–2.14 and Poisson's ratio of 0.20–0.36 at the pressure of 1.2–5.6 GPa, which can be used to explain some anomalous seismic observations in subduction zone. Combining the elastic properties of talc with those of olivine, orthopyroxene, and antigorite, the wave velocity of mantle wedge was calculated as a function of water content. The results suggest that lower water content is needed to match the observed values of seismic tomography when talc is present, compared with the antigorite scenario.
Anthropogenic aerosols observed in Asian continental outflow at Jeju Island, Korea, in spring 2005

(SO4� ) aerosols were 1.2 ± 0.8 mgC m � 3 , 4.2 ± 1.6 mgC m � 3 , 1.3 ± 1.0 mgC m � 3 , and 4.0 ± 3.4 m gm � 3 , respectively. Almost all species concentrations were highest in Chinese air masses, while they were lowest in marine air masses. The observed DBC/DCO slope of 9.7 ng m � 3 ppbv � 1 in Chinese outflow agrees reasonably with the estimates of the BC/CO emission ratios over northeastern China. The transport efficiencies of SOx (SO2 +S O4� ) are calculated to be 40–45% from the observed SOx-CO correlation. The relationships of the SO4� /BC and WSOC/BC ratios with transport time from the continent suggest that a majority of SO4� and WSOC aerosols were formed by about
Investigation on the gastrointestinal properties of ethanolic extract of Cannabis sativa through in vivo and in vitro approaches

Introduction: For thousands of years, Cannabis sativa has been used for its medical and recreational benefits. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the use of C. sativa and its non-psychoactive products/effects to treat certain diseases. This study was conducted to examine the gastrointestinal effects of a sequential ethanolic fraction of C. sativa threshing residues (EFCS). Methods: In vivo and in vitro approaches were used to investigate the gastrointestinal properties of EFCS. Antidiarrheal, antibacterial, spasmodic, laxative, and antiulcer effects were tested respectively against castor oil induced diarrhea, disc diffusion method, isolated tissue preparations, charcoal transit time, and ethanol induced ulcer model. Results: EFCS induced a spasmodic effect on an isolated rabbit jejunum, which was inhibited by atropine and verapamil. Moreover, under free calcium conditions, the effect of EFCS was significantly reduced. The acute toxicity assay in female and male mice showed that EFCS was a safe product. Additionally, EFCS like loperamide presented antidiarrheal effect in mice and inhibited intestinal fluid secretions. Unlike the standard drug (loperamide), EFCS increased the motility of the intestinal transit. Furthermore, EFCS showed a protective effect against gastric ulcers induced by ethanol in mice and exhibited antimicrobial properties against Bacillus cereus strains. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that EFCS possesses anti-diarrheal, antibacterial, spasmodic, laxative, and anti-ulcer activities. EFCS has potential therapeutic use against gastrointestinal diseases. Also, our work values the non-psychoactive products of C. sativa.
A Laplace transform and Green function method for calculation of water flow and heat transfer in fractured rocks

For performance assessment of nuclear waste repositories in fractured rocks,a simplified conceptual model and mathematical formulation is proposed;and a Laplace transform and Green function semi-analytical method is developed for calculation of flow and heat transfer in single-fracture rock with distributed heat source.Taking into account of distributed heat source and 2D thermal conduction in single-fracture rock of infinite extent,the mathematical model is formulated and solved by using a Green function approach,in which a fundamental solution of the governing differential equations after Laplace transform is employed.The singularities in the integral equation are handled through analytical integration;and a numerical procedure is developed to solve the transient temperature distributions in fracture water and rock matrix.Numerical examples are provided for illustration of the proposed method with comparison of an analytical solution based on 1D rock thermal conduction,as well as for features of flow and heat transfer in single-fracture rock and the sensitivities to fracture aperture,rock thermal conductivity and heat source intensity.The calculations indicate: (1) The temperature of water in the fracture calculated from using the semi-analytical method is lower than that calculated the analytical solution,due to the fact that the former method takes account 2D thermal conduction in the rock matrix,whereas the latter assumes 1D conduction. (2) Temperatures in fracture water and the rock matrix are more sensitive,in a relative sense,to the fracture aperture and the heat source intensity than to the thermal conductivity of the rock matrix.The proposed model and solution method may serve,among other possible applications,as a foundation for semi-analytical calculation of flow and heat transfer in multiple fracture rocks with distributed heat sources.
Ecological effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) on Lake Chapala, Mexico

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a floating non-native plant that has been reoccurring in Lake Chapala, Jalisco, Mexico for more than 100 years. In this research, I explore the effects of water hyacinth on freshwater ecosystems worldwide and specifically on Lake Chapala. In chapter 1, I reviewed studies conducted on water hyacinth worldwide and found that the effects of water hyacinth on water quality are similar but the magnitude of effects is dependent on the percent cover and potentially the spatial configuration of water hyacinth mats. Water hyacinth’s effect on aquatic invertebrates, fish, and waterbirds is less predictable and dependent on conditions prior to invasion. In chapter 2, I tested for relationships between percent water hyacinth cover and waterbird abundance, species diversity, community composition, and habitat use. In general, I found a weak positive relationship or no relationship between these variables. In Chapter 3, I monitored habitat use by American Coots (Fulica americana) in a variety of habitats around Lake Chapala. I found that the time spent in water hyacinth positively corresponded to the percent water hyacinth cover and that the time foraging in water hyacinth was positively related to the time spent in water hyacinth. In Chapter 4, I compared invertebrate assemblages in open water to those within and at the edge of water hyacinth mats, emergent vegetation, and submerged trees. I also examined invertebrate assemblages within the roots of water hyacinth plants and compared assemblages
The Anisotropic Behavior of a Clay Shale: Strength, Hydro‐Mechanical Couplings and Failure Processes

Many rocks exhibit a structural composition, which leads to an anisotropic behavior of different properties. A proper understanding of the directional dependency of these properties is required to analyze and predict the failure behavior of the rock mass upon stress changes during many geo‐engineering applications. This study investigates the selected host rock for nuclear waste disposal in Switzerland, Opalinus Clay, for its anisotropic unconfined compressive and tensile strength, poromechanical response, and effective shear strength in an extensive laboratory testing campaign. The results show the lowest unconfined compressive strength at angles of 30°–45° between the bedding plane and the compressive load direction, whereby the lowest tensile strength is found to be normal to the bedding orientation. Triaxial consolidated‐undrained compression tests reveal an anisotropic poromechanical behavior as well as peak and residual effective strength values, which are largely controlled by the orientation of the bedding plane with respect to the maximum principal stress. The magnitude of excess pore water pressures and dilation are both functions of loading configuration. The comparison of peak strength values for different loading angles indicates that the lowest effective shear strength can be expected at a loading configuration of approximately 45° between bedding orientation and the loading axis. The variation in the hydro‐mechanical response is associated with the microstructure controlling the poroelasticity and the failure processes. The results provide a deeper understanding of failure in anisotropic rocks contributing to the development of constitutive models for predicting the rock mass response.
Effect of mulching and amount of water on the yield of tomato under drip irrigation

The main challenge confronting both rain fed and irrigated agriculture is to improve WUE and sustainable water use for agriculture. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of mulch and amount of water on the yield of tomato under drip irrigation system and to assess the potential of deficit irrigation to improve the economic efficiency of tomato production at Adet Agricultural Research Center, horticultural crops trial site (Woramit) (North Western Ethiopia) from 2006 to 2007. A factorial combination of three levels of water (namely 315, 440 and 565 mm) combined with three mulch treatments [namely without mulch (WM), black plastic mulch (PM) and straw or crop residue mulch (STM)] amid three replications andtwo days irrigation interval was used. Amount of water significantly affected the number of fruits per plant, average weight of fruits marketable and total fruit yield/ha. Significant difference was also shown between mulch treatments on number of fruits, unmarketable, marketable and total fruit yield/ha. Based on the partial budget analysis, the highest net benefit was obtained via 440 mm water with straw mulch amid a net benefit (52,959.40 birr/ha and a marginal rate of return (MRR) 690%. Therefore, application of 440 mm/ha water in two days interval with straw mulch is found to be economically and agronomically feasible and is recommended for Woramit and its surrounding and other similar agro-ecologies under drip irrigation system. Key words: Tomato, drip, mulching, water levels, marketable fruit yield, total fruit yield, marginal rate.
Development of PBL-Based Mathematics Teaching Modules to Improve The Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Modul Ajar Matematika Berbasis Problem based learning Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa SD dan menguji kualitasnya berdasarkan valid, praktis dan efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate). Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada 23 siswa kelas V SDN Pakujajar CBM. Instrument yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah lembar validasi oleh ahli materi dan ahli media untuk menguji validitas modul ajar matematika berbasis problem based learning, angket respon guru dan siswa untuk menguji kepraktisan modul ajar matematika berbasis problem based learning, dan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa untuk menguji keefektifan modul ajar matematika berbasis problem based learning. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Hipotesis dan N-Gain. Hasil penelitian diperoleh (1) Modul ajar matematika berbasis problem based learning termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat valid. (2) Berdasarkan angket respon guru dan siswa dihasilkan respon yang sangat baik mengenai modul ajar yang dikembangkan dan modul ajar matematika berbasis problem based learning termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat praktis. (3) Berdasarkan hasil analisis Uji Hipotesis dan N-Gain menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa dengan kategori sedang, maka modul ajar matematika berbasis problem based learning dinyatakan efektif
Development of wood preservatives to prevent biodeterioration

Abstract Wood is a widely available material that has long been used in various applications. Protection of wood products from degradation due to biotic and abiotic factors is crucial. Traditional wood preservatives have proven their effectiveness in preventing wood deterioration; however, they have serious environmental and disposal concerns. Pressure or non-pressure treatments to impregnate the biocide into the wood are desired. Thermal and chemical modifications also provide biological resistance and enhance the dimensional properties of wood. Recently, several other advanced methods are also being used; however, more knowledge needs to be explored, including safety for the environment. This review provides an overview of factors that cause the degradation of wood, and the evolution of wood preservatives over time is discussed, along with recent advancements. The impact of wood preservatives on the environment is also reviewed.
Radio Occultation Measurements of Europa's Ionosphere From Juno's Close Flyby

On 29 September 2022 the Juno spacecraft flew within 354 km of Europa's surface while several instruments probed the moon's surroundings. During the close flyby, radio occultations were performed by collecting single‐frequency Doppler measurements. These investigations are essential to the study of Europa's ionosphere and represent the first repeat sampling of any set of conditions since the Galileo era. Ingress measurements resulted in a marginal detection with a peak ionospheric density of 4,000 ± 3,700 cm−3 (3σ) at 22 km altitude. A more significant detection emerged on egress, with a peak density of 6,000 ± 3,000 cm−3 (3σ) at 320 km altitude. Comparison with Galileo measurements reveals a consistent picture of Europa's ionosphere, and confirms its dependence on illumination conditions and position within Jupiter's magnetosphere. However, the overall lower densities measured by Juno suggest a dependence on time of observation, with implications for the structure of the neutral atmosphere.