Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frameworks for the design, implementation, and evaluation of simulation‐based nursing education: A scoping review

Abstract This scoping review was conducted to identify and describe constructs of frameworks and theories used to guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of simulation in nursing education globally, with a focus on their applicability in low‐resource settings. Six electronic databases, three of which were on EBSCO Host (CINAHL, MEDLINE, ERIC), PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest, as well as Google Scholar, were searched to retrieve studies published in the English language between 2012 and February 2022. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) checklist, and was guided by Arksey and O′Malley's five‐step scoping review methodological framework. Data were extracted from five studies (four frameworks and a theory) and narratively synthesized. Hence, seven constructs were identified and described: context, background, simulation design, educational practices, facilitator, participant, and outcomes. The four frameworks and theory were developed in the context of developed countries, which reveals the lack of a context‐specific framework to guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of simulation in nursing education in low‐resource settings. Given resource limitations and the apparent gaps in applying simulation‐based framework(s) developed in developed countries to low‐resource settings, the findings of this review underscored the need for a context‐specific framework that is locally tailored to the needs and resources of low‐resource settings, to promote access to and use of simulation in enhancing student learning, and the development of clinical competence.
Network-specific selectivity of functional connections in the neonatal brain.

The adult human brain is organized into functional brain networks, groups of functionally connected segregated brain regions. A key feature of adult functional networks is long-range selectivity, the property that spatially distant regions from the same network have higher functional connectivity than spatially distant regions from different networks. Although it is critical to establish the status of functional networks and long-range selectivity during the neonatal period as a foundation for typical and atypical brain development, prior work in this area has been mixed. Although some studies report distributed adult-like networks, other studies suggest that neonatal networks are immature and consist primarily of spatially isolated regions. Using a large sample of neonates (n = 262), we demonstrate that neonates have long-range selective functional connections for the default mode, fronto-parietal, and dorsal attention networks. An adult-like pattern of functional brain networks is evident in neonates when network-detection algorithms are tuned to these long-range connections, when using surface-based registration (versus volume-based registration), and as per-subject data quantity increases. These results help clarify factors that have led to prior mixed results, establish that key adult-like functional network features are evident in neonates, and provide a foundation for studies of typical and atypical brain development.
Is paradoxical sleep setting up innate and acquired complex sensorimotor and adaptive behaviours?: A proposed function based on literature review

We summarize here the progress in identifying the neuronal network as well as the function of paradoxical sleep and the gaps of knowledge that should be filled in priority. The core system generating paradoxical sleep localized in the brainstem is now well identified, and the next step is to clarify the role of the forebrain in particular that of the hypothalamus including the melanin‐concentrating hormone neurons and of the basolateral amygdala. We discuss these two options, and also the discovery that cortical activation during paradoxical sleep is restricted to a few limbic cortices activated by the lateral supramammillary nucleus and the claustrum. Such activation nicely supports the findings recently obtained showing that neuronal reactivation occurs during paradoxical sleep in these structures, and induces both memory consolidation of important memory and forgetting of less relevant ones. The question that still remains to be answered is whether paradoxical sleep is playing more crucial roles in processing emotional and procedural than other types of memories. One attractive hypothesis is that paradoxical sleep is responsible for erasing negative emotional memories, and that this function is not properly functioning in depressed patients. On the other hand, the presence of a muscle atonia during paradoxical sleep is in favour of a role in procedural memory as new types of motor behaviours can be tried without harm during the state. In a way, it also fits with the proposed role of paradoxical sleep in setting up the sensorimotor system during development.
Ultrasonic stimulation of milk fermentation: effects on degradation of pesticides and physiochemical, antioxidant, and flavor properties of yogurt.

BACKGROUND Ultrasound has a potential to increase microbial metabolic activity, so this study explored the stimulatory effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on the degradation of four common pesticides (fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, and dimethoate) during milk fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum and its effect on yogurt quality. RESULTS Proper ultrasound pretreatment significantly enhanced the growth of L. plantarum. The degradation percentages of pesticides increased by 19-38% under ultrasound treatment. Ultrasonic intensity, pulse duty cycle, and duration time were key factors affecting microbial growth and pesticide degradation. Under the optimal ultrasonic pre-treatment conditions, the degradation rate constants of four pesticides were at least 3.4 times higher than those without sonication. In addition, such ultrasound pretreatment significantly shortened the yogurt fermentation time, increased the water holding capacity, hardness and antioxidant activity of the yogurt, and improved the flavor quality of the yogurt. CONCLUSION Ultrasonic pretreatment significantly accelerated the degradation of the four pesticides during yogurt fermentation. In addition, such ultrasound pretreatment increased the efficiency of yogurt making and improved the quality of yogurt in terms of water holding capacity, firmness, antioxidant activity and flavor. These findings provide a basis for the application of ultrasound to the removal of pesticide residues and quality improvement of yogurt. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The effects of noise from combined traffic sources on annoyance: The interaction between aircraft and road traffic noise

Although increasing consideration has been given to the effects of noise from the combination of rail and road traffic, data for the combined effects from road traffic and aircraft noise are rather scarce. In order to elucidate the combined effect of these two noise types on annoyance, previously published data from two aircraft noise annoyance surveys conducted in 2001 and 2003 among residents in the vicinity of Zurich Airport have recently been completed with road traffic noise exposure data. One of the research questions was, whether road traffic noise, due to its continuous nature, is better able to mask aircraft noise events and thus rather modifies aircraft noise annoyance than vice-versa. Analyses were conducted in accordance with the methodology outlined in the paper by Lercher et al. [1]. A similar effect as found with railway noise annoyance in the aforementioned paper has been found with aircraft noise: its annoyance reaction was modified through additional road traffic noise although the effect was not very strong. Interestingly, for road traffic noise annoyance, it was found that at high levels of aircraft noise exposure, the exposureeffect curve even reverses, with other words: follows a negative trend.
Impact of COVID-19 Disease in Early Breast Cancer Management: A Summary of the Current Evidence

PURPOSE An expert panel on breast cancer and COVID-19 disease was convened to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for early breast cancer (eBC) management. METHODS To ensure that the most clinically relevant information was addressed, essential information was drawn from several of the latest national and international guidelines and another technical document. The expert panel met in five virtual closed sessions from November 2020 to May 2021 to consult on the relevant data from evidence-based results. The data gathered were discussed on an online platform. RESULTS This article reports the expert panel's highlights of these meetings' discussions. In addition, it provides practical recommendations covering topics regarding diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients with eBC in clinical settings routinely encountered by health care professionals amid the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION This article provided guidance on several topics regarding eBC management amid the COVID-19 pandemics to inform safer care practices. The authors discuss the best practices on early breast cancer management during the COVID pandemic.
A wireless ultrasound patch detects mild-to-moderate central hypovolemia during lower body negative pressure

Can a wireless, wearable Doppler ultrasound detect simulated mild hemorrhage during lower body negative pressure? What is the Doppler Shock Index? Read the recent study performed by Kenny et al. @MayoClinic published in @JTraumAcuteSurg #FOAMed BACKGROUND We have developed a wireless, wearable Doppler ultrasound system that continuously measures the common carotid artery Doppler pulse. A novel measure from this device, the Doppler shock index, accurately detected moderate-to-severe central blood volume loss in a human hemorrhage model generated by lower body negative pressure. In this analysis, we tested whether the wearable Doppler could identify only mild-to-moderate central blood volume loss. METHODS Eleven healthy volunteers were recruited and studied in a physiology laboratory at the Mayo Clinic. Each participant underwent a lower body negative protocol in duplicate. Carotid Doppler measures including Doppler shock indices were compared with blood pressure and the shock index for their ability to detect both 10% and 20% reductions in stroke volume. RESULTS All carotid Doppler measures were better able to detect diminishing stroke volume than either systolic or mean arterial pressure. Falling carotid artery corrected flow time and rising heart rate/corrected flow time (DSIFTc) were the most sensitive measures for detecting 10% and 20% stroke volume reductions, respectively. The area under the receiver operator curves (AUROCs) for all shock indices was at least 0.86; however, the denominators of the two Doppler shock indices (i.e., the corrected flow time and velocity time integral) had AUROCs ranging between 0.81 and 0.9, while the denominator of the traditional shock index (i.e., systolic blood pressure) had AUROCs between 0.54 and 0.7. CONCLUSION The wearable Doppler ultrasound was able to continuously measure the common carotid artery Doppler pulse. Carotid Doppler measures were highly sensitive at detecting both 10% and 20% stroke volume reduction. All shock indices performed well in their diagnostic ability to measure mild-to-moderate central volume loss, although the denominators of both Doppler shock indices individually outperformed the denominator of the traditional shock index. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic test or criteria; Level III.
Impact of a resilience and wellbeing program: A longitudinal cohort study of student dietitians

Abstract In response to growing evidence that student healthcare professionals find professional practicum stressful and that it negatively affects their mental health, a six‐session psychoeducation Resilience and Wellbeing Program was implemented by a professional counselor in Year 3 of the Bachelor of Nutrition and Dietetics at Griffith University, Australia. The aim of this study was to evaluate student dietitians' perceptions of whether the program improved their ability to cope with practicum stressors. The study used a longitudinal cohort design, with students completing surveys at three time points: before and after the program and after the final practicum. The study was completed with two cohorts of students between 2018 and 2020 (n = 111). Most respondents (95%) found their professional practicum to be stressful or challenging on at least some occasions, mostly due to constantly being assessed (56%), finances (40%), and being away from usual supports (38%). Almost all students rated the program as having some value (99%), with the content about stress and self‐care the most highly rated. Qualitative comments revealed the program helped students to manage stress by prioritizing their personal needs. Students used stress management skills during the practicum to achieve balance in their lives, despite pandemic conditions.
Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy and Reduction of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease: It Is About Time and Timing.

ABSTRACT The totality of evidence indicates menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) effects are determined by timing of initiation according to age and/or time since menopause, underlying health of target tissue, and duration of therapy. Initiated in women at younger than 60 years and/or at or near menopause, HRT significantly reduces all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD), whereas other primary CVD prevention therapies such as lipid-lowering fail to do so. The magnitude and type of HRT-associated risks, including breast cancer, stroke, and venous thromboembolism, are rare (<10 events/10,000 women), not unique to HRT, and comparable with other medications. Hormone replacement therapy is a sex-specific and time-dependent primary CVD prevention therapy that concomitantly reduces all-cause mortality, as well as other aging-related diseases with an excellent risk profile. Keeping in mind that prevention strategies must be personalized, health care providers and patients can use cumulated HRT data in making clinical decisions concerning chronic disease prevention including CVD and mortality reduction.
Metamemory for involuntary autobiographical memories and semantic mind‐pops in 5‐, 7‐ and 9‐year‐old children and young adults

Abstract In a cross‐sectional study, 5‐, 7‐, and 9‐year‐old‐children and adults (N = 144, 86 females, predominantly White U.K. sample of lower‐middle to middle‐class background) were interviewed about their experiences of involuntary autobiographical memories (IAMs) and semantic mind‐pops that come to mind unintentionally. Although some age differences emerged, the majority of participants in all age groups claimed familiarity with involuntary memories and provided examples from their own experience. Moreover, the self‐reported frequency of IAMs and mind‐pops was high, and reported IAMs usually referred to incidental environmental triggers, whereas reported mind‐pops did not. This age invariance highlights the ubiquity of involuntary memories across development and opens up interesting avenues for developmental research on involuntary memories and other spontaneous phenomena (e.g., mind‐wandering, future thinking).
Hepatitis C virus screening in the 1969–1989 birth cohort: Is not enough!

To the Editor: According to the indication of the Italian Government decree, a freeofcharge hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening programme was offered to key populations, that is people who inject drugs and inmates, and to people born between 1969 and 1989 with the aim of identifying undiagnosed infection.1 Recently, the journal published a Brief Report2 and a Research Letter3 reporting the data on the screening for HCV infection in the latter group of subjects undergoing the SARSCoV2 vaccination. D'Ambrosio et al.2 in 7219 subjects born between 1969 and 1989 undergoing SARSCoV2 vaccination in Lombardy (north of Italy) that agreed to be tested for antiHCV, identified 5 (0.07%) subjects unaware of their antiHCV positivity, 4 of them (0.05%) HCV RNA positive. Torre et al.3 among 920 subjects between 31 and 50 years of age undergoing SARSCoV2 vaccination in Campania (south of Italy) found none with an unknown active HCV infection. Since February 2021, our Hospital (San Giuseppe Multimedica, Milan, Italy) introduced HCV screening program by a thirdgeneration enzyme immunoassay in all patients of any age hospitalized for any medical or surgical reasons. In positive cases, the presence of serum HCV RNA was determined (LLQ: 12 IU/ml). To January 2022, 4914 patients were tested. Among the 1498 subjects born between 1969 and 1989, antiHCV positivity was confirmed in 11 (0.7%) patients (mean age 45 years, 6 women, 1 foreign nationality). Eight patients reported awareness of their status: four had previous antiviral treatment with a sustained virological response, two had HCV RNA undetectable and the last two were referred to our Unit for DAAs treatment but one refused. Among the other three people who were not aware of the HCV positivity, two had HCV RNA undetectable while the only viraemic patient refused DAAs. In our cohort of subjects born between 1969 and 1989, the prevalence of unknown active HCV infection is 1/1498 (0.07%). In total, according these three reports with up to 0.07% prevalence, and considering that Italian population between 32 and 51 years is about 35 million people,4 the estimated number of subjects with unknown active infection could be nearly 25 000, that it is, however, far from the reported number in Italy of nearly 280 000 still unaware of their condition.5 An extension of the screening itself to more advanced age groups is advisable. In fact, in our cohort of individuals born between 1948 and 1968, the prevalence of active unknown infection increases to 0.23% (3/1327).
Borrowing historical information to improve phase I clinical trials using meta-analytic-predictive priors

ABSTRACT Multiple phase I clinical trials may be performed to determine specific maximum tolerated doses (MTD) for specific races or cancer types. In these situations, borrowing historical information has potential to improve the accuracy of estimating toxicity rate and increase the probability of correctly targeting MTD. To utilize historical information in phase I clinical trials, we proposed using the Meta-Analytic-Predictive (MAP) priors to automatically estimate the heterogeneity between historical trials and give a relatively reasonable amount of borrowed information. We then applied MAP priors in some famous phase I trial designs, such as the continual reassessment method (CRM), Keyboard design and Bayesian optimal interval design (BOIN), to accomplish the process of dose finding. A clinical trial example and extended simulation studies show that our proposed methods have robust and efficient statistical performance, compared with those designs which do not consider borrowing information.
Revisiting laminin and extracellular matrix remodeling in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma: What have we learned after more than four decades of research?

Patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have significantly lower survival upon the development of distant metastases. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a consistent yet dynamic influence on the metastatic capacity of SCCs. The ECM encompasses a milieu of structural proteins, signaling molecules, and enzymes. Just over 40 years ago, the fibrous ECM glycoprotein laminin was identified. Roughly four decades of research have revealed a pivotal role of laminins in metastasis. However, trends in ECM alterations in some cancers have been applied broadly to all metastatic diseases, despite evidence that these characteristics vary by tumor type. We will summarize how laminins influence the SCC metastatic process exclusively. Enhanced laminin protein deposition occurs at the invasive edge of SCC tumors, which correlates with elevated levels of laminin‐binding β1 integrins on SCC cells, increased MMP‐3 presence, worse prognosis, and lymphatic dissemination. Although these findings are significant, gaps in knowledge of the formation of a premetastatic niche, the processes of intra‐ and extravasation, and the contributions of the ECM to SCC metastatic cell dormancy persist. Bridging these gaps requires novel in vitro systems and animal models that reproduce tumor–stromal interactions and spontaneous metastasis seen in the clinic. These advances will allow accurate assessment of laminins to predict responders to transforming growth factor‐β inhibitors and immunotherapy, as well as potential combinatorial therapies with the standard of care. Such clinical interventions may drastically improve quality of life and patient survival by explicitly targeting SCC metastasis.
Slow-growing reef corals as climate archives: A case study of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum 40 Ma ago

The skeletons of stony corals on tropical shallow-water reefs are high-resolution climate archives. However, their systematic use for unlocking climate dynamics of the geologic past is limited by the susceptibility of the porous aragonite skeleton to diagenetic alterations. Here, we present oxygen and carbon isotope time series (monthly resolution) from reef corals with an unusual unaltered preservation from the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) “hyperthermal” (40 million years ago). Annual extension of the corals at the studied midlatitude site (France) was remarkably low (0.2 cm). Nonetheless, isotope signatures display no evidence for kinetic disequilibria that discredit their use as climate archive, but growth rate–dependent annual signal amplitude attenuations need corrections using an innovative sampling approach. Thereafter, we present evidence of symbiotic zooxanthellae in reef corals of the Paleogene and subdued sea surface temperature seasonality of only 7° to 8°C during the MECO, consistent with the globally equant climate of the hothouse.
The ruminant placental trophoblast binucleate cell: an evolutionary breakthrough

Abstract Viviparity and the development of a placenta are two of the major reasons for the success of the mammals in colonizing all habitats, both terrestrial and aquatic. The placenta is an apposition of fetal to maternal tissue which serves two main, but competing functions: to maximize oxygen transfer and the acquisition of nutrients from the mother, but to minimize immunological rejection by the maternal immune system. This has resulted in the evolution of four main types differing in the degree of loss of the maternal uterine epithelial (UE) barrier: epitheliochorial, synepitheliochorial, endotheliochorial, and hemochorial, all providing a successful safe balance between the needs of mother and fetus. Epitheliochorial is the least invasive, a simple apposition and microvillar interdigitation of the apices of uterine epithelium and trophoblast. It is suggested to have evolved as a response to the increase in the size of the animal to provide a sufficiently long gestation to produce a single altricial (run/swim-soon-as-born) neonate as in the Cetartiodactyla. The mother needs to have good control of the fetal demands so the UE barrier is maintained. However, in the synepitheliochorial placenta, characteristic of all ruminants, the fetus has evolved a means of increasing, or at least maintaining, demand without the need for invasion. This has been achieved by the development of the trophoblast binucleate cell which, uniquely, can fuse with a UE cell to form fetomaternal hybrid tissue. This can maintain some maternal barrier function but also deliver fetally synthesized immunomodulatory and metabolic messages to the maternal circulation. This review provides the evidence for this remarkable evolutionary step and also considers an alternative explanation for the formation of the structure of the ruminant placenta.