Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verifying Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) using Prove-It

The general-purpose interactive theorem-proving assistant called Prove-It was used to verify the Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) algorithm, specifically claims about its outcome probabilities. Prove-It is unique in its ability to express sophisticated mathematical statements, including statements about quantum circuits, integrated firmly within its formal theorem-proving framework. We demonstrate our ability to follow a textbook proof to produce a formally certified proof, highlighting useful automation features to fill in obvious steps and make formal proving nearly as straightforward as informal theorem proving. Finally, we make comparisons with formal theorem-proving in other systems where similar claims about QPE have been proven.
MMRNet: Improving Reliability for Multimodal Object Detection and Segmentation for Bin Picking via Multimodal Redundancy

Recently, there has been tremendous interest in industry 4.0 infrastructure to address labor shortages in global supply chains. Deploying artificial intelligence-enabled robotic bin picking systems in real world has become particularly important for reducing stress and physical demands of workers while increasing speed and efficiency of warehouses. To this end, artificial intelligence-enabled robotic bin picking systems may be used to automate order picking, but with the risk of causing expensive damage during an abnormal event such as sensor failure. As such, reliability becomes a critical factor for translating artificial intelligence research to real world applications and products. In this paper, we propose a reliable object detection and segmentation system with MultiModal Redundancy (MMRNet) for tackling object detection and segmentation for robotic bin picking using data from different modalities. This is the first system that introduces the concept of multimodal redundancy to address sensor failure issues during deployment. In particular, we realize the multimodal redundancy framework with a gate fusion module and dynamic ensemble learning. Finally, we present a new label-free multimodal consistency (MC) score that utilizes the output from all modalities to measure the overall system output reliability and uncertainty. Through experiments, we demonstrate that in an event of missing modality, our system provides a much more reliable performance compared to baseline models. We also demonstrate that our MC score is a more reliability indicator for outputs during inference time compared to the model generated confidence scores that are often over-confident.
A classification of minimal highest weight modules

For a complex simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, it is well-known that the associated variety of a highest weight module $L(\lambda)$ of $\mathfrak{g}$ is the union of some orbital varieties associated with the nilpotent orbit $\mathcal{O}_{\Ann{L(\lambda)}}$ whose closure is the associated variety of $\Ann{L(\lambda)}$. But in general, it is a very difficult problem to determine the associated variety of a highest weight module. The highest weight modules with minimal Gelfand-Kirillov dimension (or $\mathcal{O}_{\Ann{L(\lambda)}}=\mathcal{O}_{\rm min}$ is the unique minimal nilpotent orbit of $\mathfrak{g}$) play important roles in the study of representations of Lie groups and Lie algebras. Joseph found some necessary and sufficient condition for weak quantization (if there is a $U(\mathfrak{g})$-module whose associated variety is the given orbital variety) of these minimal orbital varieties, and he also classified those minimal highest weight modules whose annihilator ideals are completely prime. In this paper, we will give a classification of minimal highest weight modules with their annihilator ideals being not necessarily completely prime for all complex simple Lie algebras. We also describe the associated varieties of these modules. By comparing with Joseph's work, we have found all minimal highest weight modules which can weakly quantize a given minimal orbital variety (in the sense of Joseph).
Fluorescence confocal microscopy on liver specimens for full digitization of transplant pathology

Fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) is a rapidly evolving tool that provides real-time virtual HE images of native tissue. Data about the potential of FCM as an alternative to frozen sections for the evaluation of donor liver specimens are lacking so far. The aim of the current study was to determine the value of FCM in liver specimens according to the criteria of the German Society for Organ Procurement. In this prospective study, conventional histology and FCM scans of 50 liver specimens (60% liver biopsies, 26% surgical specimens, and 14% donor samples) were evaluated according to the German Society for Organ Procurement. A comparison of FCM scans and conventional frozen sections revealed almost perfect levels of agreement for cholangitis (κ = 0.877), fibrosis (κ = 0.843), and malignancy (κ = 0.815). Substantial levels of agreement could be obtained for macrovesicular steatosis (κ = 0.775), inflammation (κ = 0.763), necrosis (κ = 0.643), and steatohepatitis (κ = 0.643). Levels of agreement were moderate for microvesicular steatosis (κ = 0.563). The strength of agreement between frozen sections and FCM was superior to the comparison of conventional HE and FCM imaging. We introduce FCM as a potential alternative to the frozen section that may represent a novel approach to liver transplant pathology where timely feedback is crucial and the deployment of human resources is becoming increasingly difficult.
Paracetamol use prior to and in early pregnancy: Prevalence and patterns among women with and without chronic medical diseases

Paracetamol is commonly consumed by pregnant women, even though recent data have questioned its safety. Having chronic medical diseases (CMDs) may influence the prevalence of use during pregnancy. We aimed to assess the prevalence and patterns of use 3 months prior to pregnancy and in the first trimester among women with and without CMDs and the potential influence of CMDs on frequent use in the first trimester.
Genetic evidence of the function of Phox2a-expressing anterolateral system neurons in the transmission of chronic pain

The development of the chronic neuropathic pain state often originates at the level of peripheral sensory neurons, whose abnormal function elicits central sensitization and maladaptive plasticity in the nociceptive circuits of the spinal dorsal horn. These changes eventually reach supraspinal areas bringing about cognitive and affective co-morbidities of chronic pain such as anxiety and depression. This transmission presumably relies on the function of spinal projection neurons at the origin of the anterolateral system (AS). However, the identity of these neurons and the extent of their functional contribution remain unknown. Here, we asked these questions in the context of the mouse AS neurons that require the transcription factor Phox2a for their normal target connectivity and function in transmitting acute nociceptive information to the brain. To this end, we examined the effects of a spinal cord-specific loss of Phox2a (Phox2acKO) on the development of central sensitization evoked by the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of chronic pain. We found that SNI-treated Phox2acKO mice developed normal reflexive spinal responses such as mechanical allodynia evidenced by a decreased withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament stimulation and dynamic brush. On the other hand, Phox2acKO attenuated the development of cold but not mechanical hyperalgesia, in behavioral paradigms that require the relay of nociceptive information to the brain. Furthermore, Phox2acKO attenuated anxio-depressive-like behaviors evoked by SNI, measured by performance in the open field test and tail suspension test. Thus, Phox2a AS neurons play a critical role in the generation and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain.
Resistance is common in paediatric patients failing ART in South Africa.

BACKGROUND Minimal data exist on HIV drug resistance patterns and prevalence among paediatric patients failing ART in resource-limited settings. We assessed levels of HIV drug resistance in children with virological failure. METHODS This cross-sectional study, performed from March 2017 to March 2019 in South Africa, enrolled HIV-positive children aged ≤19 years, receiving ART through public health facilities with recent evidence suggestive of virological failure (at least one viral load ≥1000 copies/mL), across 45 randomly selected high-volume clinics from all nine provinces. Resistance genotyping was performed using next-generation sequencing technologies. Descriptive analysis taking into account survey design was used to determine outcomes. RESULTS Among 899 participants enrolled, the adjusted proportion of HIV drug resistance among children with virological failure was 87.5% (95% CI 83.0%-90.9%). Resistance to NNRTIs was detected in 77.4% (95% CI 72.5%-81.7%) of participants, and resistance to NRTIs in 69.5% (95% CI 62.9%-75.4%) of participants. Overall, resistance to PIs was detected in 7.7% (95% CI 4.4%-13.0%) of children. CONCLUSIONS HIV drug resistance was highly prevalent in paediatric patients failing ART in South Africa, with 9 in 10 patients harbouring resistance to NNRTIs and/or NRTIs. PI-based regimens are predicted to be highly efficacious in achieving virological suppression amongst patients failing NNRTI-based regimens. Scaling up resistance testing amongst patients would facilitate access to second- and third-line regimens in South Africa.
Alterations of commensal microbiota are associated with pancreatic cancer

Background Dysbiosis commonly occurs in pancreatic cancer, but its specific characteristics and interactions with pancreatic cancer remain obscure. Materials and methods The 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to analyze multisite (oral and gut) microbiota characteristics of pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, and healthy controls. Differential analysis was used to identify the pancreatic cancer-associated genera and pathways. A random forest algorithm was adopted to establish the diagnostic models for pancreatic cancer. Results The chronic pancreatitis group exhibited the lowest microbial diversity, while no significant difference was found between the pancreatic cancer group and healthy controls group. Diagnostic models based on the characteristics of the oral (area under the curve (AUC) 0.916, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.832-1) or gut (AUC 0.856; 95% CI 0.74, 0.972) microbiota effectively discriminate the pancreatic cancer samples in this study, suggesting saliva as a superior sample type in terms of detection efficiency and clinical compliance. Oral pathogenic genera (Granulicatella, Peptostreptococcus, Alloprevotella, Veillonella, etc.) and gut opportunistic genera (Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia/Shigella, Peptostreptococcus, Actinomyces, etc.), were significantly enriched in pancreatic cancer. The 16S function prediction analysis revealed that inflammation, immune suppression, and barrier damage pathways were involved in the course of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion This study comprehensively described the microbiota characteristics of pancreatic cancer and suggested potential microbial markers as non-invasive tools for pancreatic cancer diagnosis.
Uncoordinated chemistry enables highly conductive and stable electrolyte/filler interfaces for solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries

Significance To boost the application potential of solid-state batteries, developing composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) with filler embedded is a promising way yet challenging. A major concern is limited interfacial stability between the polymer electrolyte and filler, leading to disparity in different CPEs, especially because of our restricted understanding. Therefore, a fundamental insight of interface chemistry at the electrolyte/filler interfaces (EFI) is urgently needed. We overcome this limitation using uncoordinated chemistry strategy that accurately constructs a coordinatively unsaturated metal-organic frameworks filler for improving the compatibility of EFI. More broadly, we probed into the role of EFI in CPEs via scanning transmission X-ray microscope stack imaging technique and revealed that the high-efficiency Li+ conduction is only achievable at a chemically stable EFI.
Measurements of CP Violation and K 0 Charge Radius using KL ! + e + e Decays.

CP violation and K charge radius were measured using KL → π+π−e+e− decays. Specifically, a unique CP-violating decay-plane asymmetry was measured along with the parameters of individual contributions to the decay invariant amplitude: (i) CP-conserving magnetic dipole direct emission form factor, (ii) CPconserving K charge radius transition amplitude and (iii) an upper limit for the CP-violating electric dipole direct emission amplitude. The measurements were obtained from the data sample accumulated by KTeV experiment at Fermilab. KTeV had two major goals: the measurement of direct CP violation parameter Re (ε ′/ε ) and the study of rare kaon decays. The state of the art detector was constructed, commissioned, operated and maintained by an international collaboration of scientists from fourteen institutions. The KL → π+π−e+e− data was accumulated over the 1997 and 1999 running periods. During that time hundreds of billions KL decays took place in the KTeV fiducial decay region. In the analysis of the rare decay mode KL → π+π−e+e− 5241 candidate events were selected from the entire KTeV dataset. This data sample included an estimated background of n = 204 ± 14 events. The data was analyzed using the method of maximum likelihood to obtain parameters of the decay invariant amplitude. Namely, coefficients of the magnetic dipole (M1) direct emission form
Can Neurofilament Light Chain Be Utilized as a Biomarker of Disease Severity, Activity, and Outcomes in Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis?

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARe) is a disorder characterized by a combination of behavioral, cognitive, and psychiatric alterations along with seizures, abnormal movements, dysautonomia, or a decreased level of consciousness that sequentially develop over several weeks in association with NMDAR-IgG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 1 This presentation is followed by weeks or months of persistent symptoms, often requiring intensive care (ICU), followed by a protracted recovery. Changes in CSF antibody titers may correlate with relapse, but serum titers are not reliable longitudinal biomarkers of disease activity.2
Association Between Prehospital Blood Glucose Levels and Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background Hyperglycaemia is associated with worse outcomes in many settings. However, the association between dysglycaemia and adverse outcomes remains debated in COVID-19 patients. This study determined the association of prehospital blood glucose levels with acute medical unit (intensive care unit or high dependency unit) admission and mortality among COVID-19-infected patients. Methods This was a single-centre, retrospective cohort study based on patients cared for by the prehospital medical mobile unit from a Swiss university hospital between March 2020 and April 2021. All adult patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection during the study period were included. Data were obtained from the prehospital medical files. The main exposure was prehospital blood glucose level. A 7.8 mmol/L cut-off was used to define high blood glucose level. Restricted cubic splines were also used to analyse the exposure as a continuous variable. The primary endpoint was acute medical unit admission; secondary endpoints were 7-day and 30-day mortality. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to compute odds ratios. Results A total of 276 patients were included. The mean prehospital blood glucose level was 8.8 mmol/l, and 123 patients presented high blood glucose levels. The overall acute medical unit admission rate was 31.2%, with no statistically significant difference according to prehospital blood glucose levels. The mortality rate was 13.8% at 7 days and 25% at 30 days. The 30-day mortality rate was higher in patients with high prehospital blood glucose levels, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.5 (1.3–4.8). Conclusions In patients with acute COVID-19 infection, prehospital blood glucose levels do not seem to be associated with acute medical unit admission. However, there was an increased risk of 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients who presented high prehospital blood glucose levels.
Identification of Crown of Thorns Starfish (COTS) using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and attention model

Coral reefs play important roles in the marine ecosystem, from providing shelter to aquatic lives to being a source of income to others. However, they are in danger from outbreaks of species like the Crown of Thorns Starfish (COTS) and the widespread coral bleaching from rising sea temperatures. The identification of COTS for detecting outbreaks is a challenging task and is often done through snorkelling and diving activities with limited range, where strong currents result in poor image capture, damage of capturing equipment, and are of high risks. This paper proposes a novel approach for the automatic detection of COTS based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with an enhanced attention module. Different pre-trained CNN models, namely, VGG19 and MobileNetV2 have been applied to our dataset with the aim of detecting and classifying COTS using transfer learning. The architecture of the pre-trained models was optimised using ADAM optimisers and an accuracy of 87.1% was achieved for VGG19 and 80.2% for the MobileNetV2. The attention model was developed and added to the CNN to determine which features in the starfish were influencing the classification. The enhanced model attained an accuracy of 92.6% while explaining the causal features in COTS. The mean average precision of the enhanced VGG-19 with the addition of the attention model was 95% showing an increase of 2% compared to only the enhanced VGG-19 model.
German brass for Benin Bronzes: Geochemical analysis insights into the early Atlantic trade

Utilizing geochemical analysis, this study identifies the sources of European brass used in the casting of the renowned Benin Bronzes, produced by the Edo people of Nigeria. It is commonly believed that distinctive brass rings known as “manillas”, used as currency in the European trade in West Africa, also served as a metal source for the making of the Bronzes. However, prior to the current study, no research had conclusively connected the Benin artworks and the European manillas. For this research, manillas from shipwrecks in African, American and European waters dating between the 16th and 19th Century were analysed using ICP-MS analysis. Comparing trace elements and lead isotope ratios of manillas and Benin Bronzes identifies Germany as the principal source of the manillas used in the West African trade between the 15th and 18th centuries before British industries took over the brass trade in the late 18th century.
Changing patterns of invasive meningococcal disease and future immunization strategies

ABSTRACT Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a life-threatening disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis and has high mortality rates. Survivors often exhibit long-term sequelae and reduced life expectancy. Disease incidence is highest in infants and toddlers, with a resurgence of cases in adolescents and older adults (>50 years of age). Substantial heterogeneity exists in the recommendations of meningococcal vaccines included in National Immunization Programs (NIPs) across countries. Recommendations are usually based on infant/toddler immunization, with some countries recommending immunization only for toddlers. While existing recommendations have led to a reduced incidence of IMD in children <5 years of age, there has been an increase in cases among adolescents and older adults. Currently, older adults are not included in the recommendations. The higher healthcare burden and the economic costs associated with IMD in these age groups suggest that it is time to consider including adolescents and older adults in NIPs to protect against IMD caused by the five most prevalent serogroups. Currently, the lack of equity of access to vaccines in the immunization programs is a glaring gap in the betterment of public health, and a broader meningococcal strategy is recommended to provide optimal protection for all age groups. Plain Language Summary Invasive meningococcal diseases, which include meningitis, are rare and unpredictable, but may lead to very important/debilitating long-term sequelae, death, or reduced life expectancy. Vaccination is the best way to prevent them. Vaccination recommendations provided by national health agencies usually target infants (or toddlers), children, and adolescents. Older adults are only considered when they are at risk for invasive meningococcal diseases. Here, we analyzed the vaccination strategies for invasive meningococcal disease in different countries to identify the gaps preventing access to vaccination. We found that recommendations for invasive meningococcal disease vaccination vary markedly among countries. Vaccination programs target mainly infants and toddlers, and they successfully reduced the number of cases among them. However, we also observed that the disease now affects more adults. We also found that the lack of equitable access to vaccination prevents broader meningococcal protection for persons of any age. With this analysis, we suggest improving the current meningococcal vaccination guidelines to also provide adolescents and healthy older adults with access to vaccines. Promoting equal access to vaccination for everyone could reduce the impact on the healthcare system and help reduce social disparity. In order to do so, we advise universal recommendation of meningococcal vaccines, which would provide clear guidance to health-care practitioners.
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor: from state of the art to future clinical prospects

ABSTRACT Introduction Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an extremely rare and highly aggressive soft tissue sarcoma, presenting mainly in male adolescents and young adults with multiple nodules disseminated within the abdominopelvic cavity. Despite a multimodal approach including aggressive cytoreductive surgery, intensive multi-agent chemotherapy, and postoperative whole abdominopelvic radiotherapy, the prognosis for DSRCT remains dismal. Median progression-free survival ranges between 4 and 21 months, and overall survival between 17 and 60 months, with the 5-year overall survival rate in the range of 10–20%. Area covered This review discusses the treatment strategies used for DSRCT over the years, the state of the art of current treatments, and future clinical prospects. Expert opinion The unsatisfactory outcomes for patients with DSRCT warrant investigations into innovative treatment combinations. An international multidisciplinary and multi-stakeholder collaboration, involving both pediatric and adult sarcoma communities, is needed to propel preclinical model generation and drug development, and innovative clinical trial designs to enable the timely testing of treatments involving novel agents guided by biology to boost the chances of survival for patients with this devastating disease.