Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Bacteriological Quality and Physiochemical Parameters of Domestic Water Sources in Jenin Governorate: A Case Study

Water quality of drinking water is a concern in Palestine due to possible pollution sources. There is a demand for investigating the quality of municipal water supply. This study aimed to assess the quality of domestic water in Jenin Governorate located in the north of the West Bank. The methodology of this research was based on field sampling and laboratory standard testing. The tested parameters included (1) physicochemical parameters of electrical conductivity, turbidity, total hardness, salinity, pH, and total alkalinity, (2) chemical contents including the contents of nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, chloride, sodium, potassium, aluminum, and fluoride, and (3) biological contents including total coliforms and fecal coliforms. The water quality parameters were compared with the acceptable limits set by local and international standards. The findings confirm that most of the values of the investigated parameters are within the acceptable standard limits. No pollution of heavy metals is detectable. On the other hand, there are limited pollution contents in terms of the total dissolved solid (TDS), total hardness, and calcium. Furthermore, the biological parameters indicate that there are low to very high risks in a fraction of the water quality samples in terms of total coliforms and fecal coliforms. This is believed to be due to the presence of septic tanks in the neighborhoods of the sampling locations. For these cases, biological disinfection treatments are recommended before human use with an essential need for the construction of urban sewer systems. Furthermore, water treatment for harness removal may be required.
Serum Ferritin in Obese Dogs: Changes and Comparison with Other Analytes

Simple Summary Canine obesity, defined as a weight greater than 15% of the ideal, is associated with decreased quality of life, longevity, and other complications. However, the mechanisms causing these alterations are not fully understood. In obese humans, increased concentrations of ferritin in serum have been found; however, this has been poorly explored in dogs. In this study, ferritin levels from lean/normal weight (CG, n = 55) and overweight/obese dogs (OG, n = 37) were evaluated, together with complete hemogram and biochemical analyses. Higher ferritin concentrations were observed in the OG group in comparison to the CG. The increases in ferritin, together with higher haematocrit and erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume, could indicate tissue hypoxia in obese dogs. Abstract Canine obesity is the most common nutritional disorder and is associated with decreased quality of life and longevity as well as comorbidities including cardiorespiratory, endocrine, oncologic, or orthopaedic disorders. Ferritin is a major acute-phase protein in dogs, increasing during inflammation; however, it could also be affected by other conditions, including trauma, iron metabolism dysregulations, neoplasia, or hypoxia. Higher ferritin levels have been reported in obese humans, but ferritin has not been explored in canine obesity. To evaluate the possible changes in serum ferritin in canine obesity, ferritin levels from lean/normal weight (CG, n = 55) and overweight/obese dogs (OG, n = 37) were measured, together with complete hemogram and biochemical analyses. Statistically significant higher ferritin levels (1.2-fold) were found in OG (median, (interquartile range), 204 (166–227.5) µg/L) in comparison to CG animals (172 (137–210) µg/L)), with median levels of ferritin in OG dogs above the reference range for healthy animals in our laboratory (60–190 µg/L). In addition, statistically significant higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total proteins, globulins, haptoglobin, total ferric fixation capacity (TIBC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), triglycerides, and calcium were observed in OG in comparison to CG. The higher levels in ferritin, together with higher TBIC, haematocrit, and MCV, could indicate tissue hypoxia in obese dogs.
Inertial Sensor-based Measurement of Thoracic-Pelvic Coordination Predicts Hand-Load Levels in Two-handed Anterior Carry

Carrying heavy hand loads frequently and for long durations is a known risk factor for low back disorders. Two-handed anterior carry is a common carrying posture performed regularly at work places, but shows the largest increase in anterior-posterior shear loading compared to other carrying postures such as one-handed carry, backpack carry, and shoulder carry. A two-handed load of just 11.3 kg causes spinal shear loads to exceed the recommended exposure limits and may potentially damage spinal tissues (Rose, Mendel, & Marras, 2013). Prediction of load levels remotely using the wearable sensors could help quantify biomechanical exposures from load carriage in situ particularly in jobs where the duration and magnitudes of loads carried vary across time (e.g., warehousing, and mail delivery). The mode and magnitude of load carriage produces biomechanical adaptations reflected in changes in posture and gait patterns, specifically in the movement coordination between the torso and pelvis (Lim & D'Souza, under review). The mean relative phase angles is a measure of coordination between multiple body segments during complex, multi-joint movements (Burgess-Limerick, Abernethy, & Neal, 1993). The objective of this study was to build and validate a statistical prediction algorithm that uses measures of thoracic-pelvic coordination, namely, mean relative phase angles, computed from body-worn inertial sensor data for classifying hand-load levels in a two-handed anterior load carrying task.
Single liquid crystalline dendrimer under smectic-like mean field

ABSTRACT Monte Carlo Simulation studies of different generation liquid crystalline dendrimers (LCDrs) () under smectic-like mean field have been presented. Mean field-induced configurational and alignment properties of several LCDrs at different field strengths and layer spacing values were investigated. Tractable coarse-grained force fields to model both monomer–monomer and monomer–field interaction potentials have been formulated. Particularly, the effect of mean field on the shape, size and orientation of LCDrs was addressed. Depending on the generation of an LCDr, strength of the field and the layer spacing, on average spherically symmetric LCDrs were changed to either rod- or disc-like shapes. At a relatively strong field, smaller-generation LCDrs stretched to their maximum size at bigger values of layer spacing, whereas larger-generation LCDrs compressed to attain short-cylinder-/disc-like shape at smaller values of layer spacing. In addition to stretching and compression, sub-molecular partitioning has also been observed. Two layers of mesogenic units separated by populations of spherical beads were formed along the field direction. Those layers of mesogens are oriented along the field direction with intensity of orientability highly depending on the field strength. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
On the existence and constructions of orthogonal designs

This paper presents some new results on orthogonal designs, which are a useful class of designs for computer experiments. We first establish a non‐existence result on orthogonal designs, generalising an earlier known result on orthogonal Latin hypercubes, and then present some construction results. By computer search, we obtain a collection of orthogonal designs with small run sizes. Using these results and existing methods in the literature, we compile a comprehensive catalogue of orthogonal designs for up to 100 runs.
Using a Dual CRISPR/Cas9 Approach to Gain Insight into the Role of LRP1B in Glioblastoma

LRP1B remains one of the most altered genes in cancer, although its relevance in cancer biology is still unclear. Recent advances in gene editing techniques, particularly CRISPR/Cas9 systems, offer new opportunities to evaluate the function of large genes, such as LRP1B. Using a dual sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing approach, this study aimed to assess the impact of disrupting LRP1B in glioblastoma cell biology. Four sgRNAs were designed for the dual targeting of two LRP1B exons (1 and 85). The U87 glioblastoma (GB) cell line was transfected with CRISPR/Cas9 PX459 vectors. To assess LRP1B-gene-induced alterations and expression, PCR, Sanger DNA sequencing, and qRT-PCR were carried out. Three clones (clones B9, E6, and H7) were further evaluated. All clones presented altered cellular morphology, increased cellular and nuclear size, and changes in ploidy. Two clones (E6 and H7) showed a significant decrease in cell growth, both in vitro and in the in vivo CAM assay. Proteomic analysis of the clones’ secretome identified differentially expressed proteins that had not been previously associated with LRP1B alterations. This study demonstrates that the dual sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 strategy can effectively edit LRP1B in GB cells, providing new insights into the impact of LRP1B deletions in GBM biology.
Understanding the plasma and improving extraction of the ISIS Penning H⁻ ions source

A Penning-type surface-plasma negative hydrogen (H-) ion source has been delivering beam at the ISIS pulsed spallation neutron and muon facility for over thirty years. It is one of the most powerful and well-renowned H- sources in the world. Although long-term experience has allowed the source to be operated reliably and set up in a repeatable way, it is treated as something of a 'black box': the detailed plasma physics of why it works has always been unclear. A vacuum Vessel for Extraction and Source Plasma Analyses (VESPA) has been developed to understand the ISIS ion source plasma and improve the beam extracted from it. The VESPA ion source is operated in a completely new regime whereby the analysing sector dipole magnet housed inside a refrigerated 'cold box', presently used on ISIS, is replaced by an on-axis extraction system. The new extraction system incorporates a novel einzel lens with an elliptical aperture. This is the first demonstration of an elliptical einzel being used to focus an asymmetric H- ion beam. With the dipole magnet removed, the ion source has been shown to produce 85 mA of H- beam current at normal settings; of which 80 mA is transported through the new einzel lens system, with a normalised RMS emittance of 0.2 π mm mrad. Optical emission spectroscopy measurements have shown a plasma density of 1019 m–3, an H2 dissociation rate of 70%, an almost constant electron temperature of 3.5 eV and an atomic temperature which linearly increases above the electron temperature. In support of these principal measurements, rigorous particle tracking, electrostatic and thermal simulations were performed. In addition, a suite of new equipment was manufactured by the author. This includes a fast pressure gauge, a temperature controller, a high voltage einzel lens circuit, a fast beam chopper and a caesium detection system.
Effectiveness of Early Mobilization in Prevention and Rehabilitation of Functional Impairment After Myocardial Revascularization Surgery: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Myocardial revascularization surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality, due to factors like the general anesthesia and the surgical procedure itself. Physiotherapy, combined with early mobilization (EM), can provide the patient with better functional parameters. Objective: To review, identify and describe the effectiveness of EM in the prevention and rehabilitation of functional parameters of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methodology: This is a systematic review conducted between February 2020 and 2021 of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in the Cochrane databases Library, LILACS, Scielo and Medline / PubMed. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used for assessment of the methodological quality of studies included. Results: Four studies were reviewed. Two articles assessed functional capacity, one using the cycle ergometer and one with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) together with active exercises and early walking. One article reported a reduction in the incidence of atelectasis and pleural effusion with EM and one article reported improvements in the alveolus-artery gradient and inspiratory muscle power using an inspiratory muscle trainer combined with EM. Conclusion: EM is effective in the prevention and rehabilitation of functional parameters after CABG surgery, by improving functional capacity, respiratory muscle power, quality of life and gas exchange, and reducing the incidence of atelectasis and pleural effusion.
Does incorporation of TiO2 nanotubes in air-abraded high translucent zirconia influence shear bond strength?*

Abstract The present in vitro study evaluated the effect of titanium nanotubes (nTiO2) application on high translucent zirconia (Copra Supreme, Whitepeaks) on shear bond strength values with different self-adhesive resin cements (Panavia V5, G-Cem One, and Variolink Esthetic DC). One hundred and forty-eight specimens were prepared and randomly divided into four groups (n = 37) according to surface treatment groups (air-abraded sintered zirconia, air-abraded pre-sintered zirconia, application of nTiO2 on zirconia, and application of nTiO2 on air-abraded zirconia). nTiO2 were produced by alkaline hydrothermal synthesis, mixed with isopropyl alcohol (50 wt%), and applied on pre-sintered zirconia. The surface roughness (Ra) was examined. Sintered surfaces were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (Fe-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Surface treatment groups were randomly divided into three subgroups according to self-adhesive resin cement (n = 12). Luting procedures were performed and specimens were stored in water at 21 °C for 6 months before the shear bond strength test. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA. Fe-Sem images and EDS confirmed the incorporation of nTiO2 on zirconia. Surface treatment methods affected the Ra of zirconia (p < .001). Surface treatment method (p = .013) and self-adhesive resin cement (p < .001) affected shear bond strength values. The lowest shear bond strength values were achieved in applied nTiO2 on high translucent zirconia specimens (p < .05). The lowest shear bond strength values were determined in the Variolink Esthetic DC group (p < .05). Application of nTiO2 on air-abraded high translucent zirconia surface had no significant effect on the shear bond strength (p > .05).
Charge Exchange of Highly Charged Ne and Mg Ions with H and He

Cross sections for single electron capture (SEC), or charge exchange (CX), in collisions of Ne(8–10)+ and Mg(8–12)+ with H and He, are computed using an approximate multichannel Landau–Zener (MCLZ) formalism. Final-state-resolved cross sections for the principal (n), orbital angular momentum (ℓ), and where appropriate, total spin angular momentum (S) quantum numbers are explicitly computed, except for the incident bare ions Ne10+ and Mg12+. In the latter two cases, -resolution is obtained from analytical ℓ-distribution functions applied to n-resolved MCLZ cross sections. In all cases, the cross sections are computed over the collision energy range 1 meV/u to 50 keV/u with LZ parameters estimated from atomic energies obtained from experiment, theory, or, in the case of high-lying Rydberg levels, estimated with a quantum defect approach. Errors in the energy differences in the adiabatic potentials at the avoided crossing distances give the largest contribution to the uncertainties in the cross sections, which are expected to increase with decreasing cross section magnitude. The energy differences are deduced here with the Olson–Salop–Tauljberg radial coupling model. Proper selection of an ℓ-distribution function for bare ion collisions introduces another level of uncertainty into the results. Comparison is made to existing experimental or theoretical results when available, but such data are absent for most considered collision systems. The -resolved SEC cross sections are used in an optically thin cascade simulation to predict X-ray spectra and line ratios that will aid in modeling the X-ray emission in environments where CX is an important mechanism. Details on a MCLZ computational package, Stueckelberg, are also provided.
Parametric decay of current‐driven Langmuir waves in plateau plasmas: Relevance to solar wind and foreshock events

Langmuir amplitude modulation in association with type III radio bursts is a well‐known phenomenon since the beginning of space observations. It is commonly attributed to the superposition of beam‐excited Langmuir waves and their backscattered counterparts as a result of parametric decay. The dilemma, however, is the discrepancy between fast beam relaxation and long‐lasting Langmuir wave activity. Instead of starting with an unstable electron beam, our focus in this paper is on the nonlinear response of Langmuir oscillations that are driven after beam stabilization by the still persisting current of the (stable) two‐electron plasma. The velocity distribution function of the second population forms a plateau (index h) with a point at which ∂fh∂v∼0 associated with weak damping over a more or less extended wave number range k. As shown by particle‐in‐cell simulations, this so‐called plateau plasma drives primarily Langmuir oscillations at the plasma frequency (ωe) with k = 0 over long times without remarkable change of the distribution function. These Langmuir oscillations act as a pump wave for parametric decay by which an electron‐acoustic wave slightly below ωe and a counterstreaming ion‐acoustic wave are generated. Both high‐frequency waves have nearly the same amplitude, which is given by the product of plateau density and velocity. Beating of these two wave types leads to pronounced Langmuir amplitude modulation, in reasonable agreement with solar wind and terrestrial foreshock observations made by the Wind spacecraft.
Simultaneous inference of plate boundary stresses and mantle rheology using adjoints: large-scale 2-D models

Plate motions are a primary surface constraint on plate and mantle dynamics and rheology, plate boundary stresses and the occurrence of great earthquakes. Within an optimization method, we use plate motion data to better constrain uncertain mantle parameters. For the optimization problem characterizing the maximum a posteriori rheological parameters we derive gradients using adjoints and expressions to approximate the posterior distributions for stresses within plate boundaries. We apply these methods to a 2-D cross section from the western to eastern Paciﬁc, with temperature distributions and fault zone geometries developed primarily from seismic and plate motion data. We ﬁnd that the best-ﬁtting stress exponent, n , is about 2.8 and the yield stress about 100 MPa or less. The normal stress on the interplate fault zones is about 100 MPa and the shear stresses about 10 MPa or less.
Virus recognition in electron microscope images using higher order spectral features

Virus recognition by visual examination of electron microscope (EM) images is time consuming and requires highly trained and experienced medical specialists. For these reasons, it is not suitable for screening large numbers of specimens. The objective of this research was to develop a reliable and robust pattern recognition system that could be trained to detect and classify different types of viruses from two-dimensional images obtained from an EM. This research evaluated the use of radial spectra of higher order spectral invariants to capture variations in textures and differences in symmetries of different types of viruses in EM images. The technique exploits invariant properties of the higher order spectral features, statistical techniques of feature averaging, and soft decision fusion in a unique manner applicable to the problem when a large number of particles were available for recognition, but were not easily registered on an individual basis due to the low signal to noise ratio. Experimental evaluations were carried out using EM images of viruses, and a high statistical reliability with low misclassification rates was obtained, showing that higher order spectral features are effective in classifying viruses from digitized electron micrographs. With the use of digital imaging in electron microscopes, this method can be fully automated.
Four Stages of the Rainy Season in Early Summer over East Asia (Part I)

The rainy season in early summer over East Asia was divided into four stages by considering the positions of frontal zones at sea level and the features of westerly zonal winds at the 500-mb level detected on the isopleth charts along 120•KE and 140•KE. The chronicle of Stages I-IV for each ten days in May, June and July, 1950-1963, was first given. Secondly, the macro-scale situations of each Stage, such as the patterns of 500-mb contours over the northern hemisphere, the patterns of zonal winds at 500-mb level over East Asia, the vertical profiles of zonal winds along 140•KE and the positions of frontal zones at 850-mb level, were described by compiling the states for respective Stages. According to these maps and profiles, it can be found that the situations in Stage I were a winter type, those from Stage II showed a type of summer character and a true summer type appeared in Stage IV. Finally, the results of present division were compared with the others' to deal with the regional and time differences in the beginning and the end of the rainy season in connection with Stages I-IV.
An Analysis of Studentsr Mathematical Disposition using The Comic Media in Learning Geometry

The objective of this current research is to describe the students’ mathematical disposition using the comic media in learning mathematics, especially geometry. A mixed method using quantitative and descriptive qualitative approach was employed. The subject of this research was 32 students in State Junior High School Sape. The data were obtained through Likert Scale questionnaires. The results show that the use of the comic media in learning mathematics, especially geometry, give positive effects on the students’ affective domain, namely mathematical disposition. In this study, mathematical disposition consists of several aspects: 1) Self confidence in learning mathematics and in doing mathematical problems, with the average score of 2.49, is in ‘good enough’ category, 2) Persistency and tenacity in doing mathematical problems, with the average score of 2.53, is in ‘good’ category. 3) Curiosity in learning mathematics, with the average score of 2.49, is in ‘good enough’ category. 4) Appreciation of mathematical application in other fields and daily life, with the average score of 2.51, is
Cold Atoms Bear a Quantum Scar

R esearchers still have some way to go before they can assemble enough quantum bits (qubits) to make a practical, large-scale quantum computer. But already the best prototypes, made up of several tens of qubits, are opening our eyes to new behavior in the quantum realm. Last year, a team from Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) unveiled a quantum “simulator” made up of a row of 51 interacting atoms [1]. Exciting the individual atoms in various patterns (Fig. 1), they discovered something unexpected: atoms in certain patterns took at least 10 times longer to relax towards thermal equilibrium than atoms in other patterns. Four groups of theorists have tried to make sense of this observation [2–6], in all cases attributing the slow thermalization to a never-before-seen effect called quantum many-body scar-