Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Automatic but Flexible and Content-Dependent Nature of Syntax

Syntactic processing has often been considered an utmost example of unconscious automatic processing. In this line, it has been demonstrated that masked words containing syntactic anomalies are processed by our brain triggering event related potential (ERP) components similar to the ones triggered by conscious syntactic anomalies, thus supporting the automatic nature of the syntactic processing. Conversely, recent evidence also points out that regardless of the level of awareness, emotional information and other relevant extralinguistic information modulate conscious syntactic processing too. These results are also in line with suggestions that, under certain circumstances, syntactic processing could also be flexible and context-dependent. However, the study of the concomitant automatic but flexible conception of syntactic parsing is very scarce. Hence, to this aim, we examined whether and how masked emotional words (positive, negative, and neutral masked adjectives) containing morphosyntactic anomalies (half of the cases) affect linguistic comprehension of an ongoing unmasked sentence that also can contain a number agreement anomaly between the noun and the verb. ERP components were observed to emotional information (EPN), masked anomalies (LAN and a weak P600), and unmasked ones (LAN/N400 and P600). Furthermore, interactions in the processing of conscious and unconscious morphosyntactic anomalies and between unconscious emotional information and conscious anomalies were detected. The findings support, on the one hand, the automatic nature of syntax, given that syntactic components LAN and P600 were observed to unconscious anomalies. On the other hand, the flexible, permeable, and context-dependent nature of the syntactic processing is also supported, since unconscious information modulated conscious syntactic components. This double nature of syntactic processing is in line with theories of automaticity, suggesting that even unconscious/automatic, syntactic processing is flexible, adaptable, and context-dependent.
Progressive Phosphorylation Modulates the Self-Association of a Variably Modified Histone H3 Peptide

Protein phosphorylation is a key regulatory mechanism in eukaryotic cells. In the intrinsically disordered histone tails, phosphorylation is often a part of combinatorial post-translational modifications and an integral part of the “histone code” that regulates gene expression. Here, we study the association between two histone H3 tail peptides modified to different degrees, using fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Assuming that the initial conformations are either α-helical or fully extended, we compare the propensity of the two peptides to associate with one another when both are unmodified, one modified and the other unmodified, or both modified. The simulations lead to the identification of distinct inter- and intramolecular interactions in the peptide dimer, highlighting a prominent role of a fine-tuned phosphorylation rheostat in peptide association. Progressive phosphorylation appears to modulate peptide charge, inducing strong and specific intermolecular interactions between the monomers, which do not result in the formation of amorphous or ordered aggregates, as documented by experimental evidence derived from Circular Dichroism and NMR spectroscopy. However, upon complete saturation of positive charges by phosphate groups, this effect is reversed: intramolecular interactions prevail and dimerization of zero-charge peptides is markedly reduced. These findings underscore the role of phosphorylation thresholds in the dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins. Phosphorylation rheostats might account for the divergent effects of histone modifications on the modulation of chromatin structure.
Assessing METland® Design and Performance Through LCA: Techno-Environmental Study With Multifunctional Unit Perspective

Conventional wastewater treatment technologies are costly and energy demanding; such issues are especially remarkable when small communities have to clean up their pollutants. In response to these requirements, a new variety of nature-based solution, so-called METland®, has been recently develop by using concepts from Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (MET) to outperform classical constructed wetland regarding wastewater treatment. Thus, the current study evaluates two operation modes (aerobic and aerobic–anoxic) of a full-scale METland®, including a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) conducted under a Net Environmental Balance perspective. Moreover, a combined technical and environmental analysis using a Net Eutrophication Balance (NEuB) focus concluded that the downflow (aerobic) mode achieved the highest removal rates for both organic pollutant and nitrogen, and it was revealed as the most environmentally friendly design. Actually, aerobic configuration outperformed anaero/aero-mixed mode in a fold-range from 9 to 30%. LCA was indeed recalculated under diverse Functional Units (FU) to determine the influence of each FU in the impacts. Furthermore, in comparison with constructed wetland, METland® showed a remarkable increase in wastewater treatment capacity per surface area (0.6 m2/pe) without using external energy. Specifically, these results suggest that aerobic–anoxic configuration could be more environmentally friendly under specific situations where high N removal is required. The removal rates achieved demonstrated a robust adaptation to influent variations, revealing a removal average of 92% of Biology Oxygen Demand (BOD), 90% of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), 40% of total nitrogen (TN), and 30% of total phosphorus (TP). Moreover, regarding the global warming category, the overall impact was 75% lower compared to other conventional treatments like activated sludge. In conclusion, the LCA revealed that METland® appears as ideal solution for rural areas, considering the low energy requirements and high efficiency to remove organic pollutants, nitrogen, and phosphates from urban wastewater.
Correlation Between Gait and Near-Infrared Brain Functional Connectivity Under Cognitive Tasks in Elderly Subjects With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have a high risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Gait performance is a potential clinical marker for the progression of MCI into dementia. However, the relationship between gait and brain functional connectivity (FC) in older adults with MCI remains unclear. Forty-five subjects [MCI group, n = 23; healthy control (HC) group, n = 22] were recruited. Each subject performed a walking task (Task 01), counting backward–walking task (Task 02), naming animals–walking task (Task 03), and calculating–walking task (Task 04). The gait parameters and cerebral oxygenation signals from the left prefrontal cortex (LPFC), right prefrontal cortex (RPFC), left motor cortex (LMC), right motor cortex (RMC), left occipital leaf cortex (LOL), and right occipital leaf cortex (ROL) were obtained simultaneously. Wavelet phase coherence was calculated in two frequency intervals: low frequency (interval I, 0.052–0.145 Hz) and very low frequency (interval II, 0.021–0.052 Hz). Results showed that the FC of RPFC–RMC is significantly lower in interval I in Task 03 compared with that in Task 02 in the MCI group (p = 0.001). Also, the right relative symmetry index (IDpsR) is significantly lower in Task 03 compared with that in Task 02 (p = 0.000). The IDpsR is positively correlated with the FC of RPFC–RMC in interval I in the MCI group (R = 0.205, p = 0.041). The gait symmetry such as left relative symmetry index (IDpsL) and IDpsR is significantly lower in the dual-task (DT) situation compared with the single task in the two groups (p < 0.05). The results suggested that the IDpsR might reflect abnormal change in FC of RPFC–RMC in interval I in the MCI population during Task 03. The gait symmetry is affected by DTs in both groups. The findings of this study may have a pivotal role in the early monitoring and intervention of brain dysfunction among older adults with MCI.
Epidemiology and Survival of Patients With Brainstem Gliomas: A Population-Based Study Using the SEER Database

Background Brainstem glioma is a primary glial tumor that arises from the midbrain, pons, and medulla. The objective of this study was to determine the population-based epidemiology, incidence, and outcomes of brainstem gliomas. Methods The data pertaining to patients with brainstem gliomas diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 were extracted from the SEER database. Descriptive analyses were conducted to evaluate the distribution and tumor-related characteristics of patients with brainstem gliomas. The possible prognostic indicators were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves and a Cox proportional hazards model. Results The age-adjusted incidence rate was 0.311 cases per 100,000 person-years between 2004 and 2016. A total of 3387 cases of brainstem gliomas were included in our study. Most of the patients were white and diagnosed at 5-9 years of age. The most common diagnosis confirmed by histological review was ependymoma/anaplastic ependymoma. The median survival time was 24 months. Patients with tumors less than 3 cm in size had a better prognosis. Surgery was effective at improving overall survival. There was no evidence that radiotherapy and chemotherapy improved overall survival. Conclusion Brainstem gliomas can be diagnosed at any age. Ependymoma/anaplastic ependymoma is the most common pathological diagnosis. The prognosis is poor, and timely diagnosis and surgery are effective at improving the prognosis. We suggest that more attention should be given to the treatment of patients with brainstem gliomas.
Face Antispoofing Method Using Color Texture Segmentation on FPGA

User authentication for accurate biometric systems is becoming necessary in modern real-world applications. Authentication systems based on biometric identifiers such as faces and fingerprints are being applied in a variety of fields in preference over existing password input methods. Face imaging is the most widely used biometric identifier because the registration and authentication process is noncontact and concise. However, it is comparatively easy to acquire face images using SNS, etc., and there is a problem of forgery via photos and videos. To solve this problem, much research on face spoofing detection has been conducted. In this paper, we propose a method for face spoofing detection based on convolution neural networks using the color and texture information of face images. +e color-texture information combined with luminance and color difference channels is analyzed using a local binary pattern descriptor. Color-texture information is analyzed using the Cb, S, and V bands in the color spaces. +e CASIA-FASD dataset was used to verify the proposed scheme. +e proposed scheme showed better performance than state-of-the-art methods developed in previous studies. Considering the AI FPGA board, the performance of existingmethods was evaluated and compared with the method proposed herein. Based on these results, it was confirmed that the proposed method can be effectively implemented in edge environments.
ESGO/ISUOG/IOTA/ESGE Consensus Statement on pre-operative diagnosis of ovarian tumors

The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG), the International Ovarian Tumour Analysis (IOTA) group, and the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) jointly developed clinically relevant and evidence-based statements on the pre-operative diagnosis of ovarian tumors, including imaging techniques, biomarkers, and prediction models. ESGO/ISUOG/IOTA/ESGE nominated a multidisciplinary international group, including expert practising clinicians and researchers who have demonstrated leadership and expertise in the pre-operative diagnosis of ovarian tumors and management of patients with ovarian cancer (19 experts across Europe). A patient representative was also included in the group. To ensure that the statements were evidence-based, the current literature was reviewed and critically appraised. Preliminary statements were drafted based on the review of the relevant literature. During a conference call, the whole group discussed each preliminary statement and a first round of voting was carried out. Statements were removed when a consensus among group members was not obtained. The voters had the opportunity to provide comments/suggestions with their votes. The statements were then revised accordingly. Another round of voting was carried out according to the same rules to allow the whole group to evaluate the revised version of the statements. The group achieved consensus on 18 statements. This Consensus Statement presents these ESGO/ISUOG/IOTA/ESGE statements on the pre-operative diagnosis of ovarian tumors and the assessment of carcinomatosis, together with a summary of the evidence supporting each statement.
An in situ neutron diffraction study of anomalous superelasticity in a strain glass Ni43Fe18Ga27Co12 alloy

Superelastic behavior is traditionally related to the martensitic transition with a collective transformation scenario in some shape memory alloys. A kind of quasi-linear superelasticity accompanied by a finite avalanche or confined martensitic transformation was recently found in some alloy systems with strain glass state. Here, an in situ neutron diffraction technique was used to study the deformation behavior in an Ni43Fe18Ga27Co12 alloy with strain glass state in order to reveal the new intrinsic physical nature of the quasi-linear superelasticity. A significant modulus softening prior to the stress-induced martensitic transformation was observed during compression in the studied alloy, which is similar to the characteristics exhibited in the tweed precursor phenomena prior to temperature-induced martensitic transformation. Moreover, the diffraction peak broadening was further shown during the elastic stage of deformation for both single-crystal and polycrystalline samples, which mainly stems from the short-range fluctuation in the strain field inside each grain based on Williamson–Hall analysis. The authors believe that there exists a spatial heterogeneity in the modulus of the confined martensitic transformation alloy.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Deep Margin Elevation (DME) among dental practitioners in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To evaluate Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) regarding deep margin elevation (DME) among dental practitioners in Riyadh city. Materials and Methodology: A cross-sectional study that comprised a total number of 535 dental practitioners: 255 (47.7%) were males and 280 (52.3%) females. A self-constructed 21 close-ended self-administered questionnaire was utilized in the study. The data were entered and analyzed by Chi-square test and descriptive analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Although the majority of the respondents have heard about DME, only 30.4% have utilized this technique in their clinical practice by having general practitioners and specialists utilize this technique more often than consultants. Among the participants, 65.4% of them have agreed that adhesion by bonding to deep cervical dentin is predictable and related to the success of the final restoration. Conclusion: The knowledge level of DME among the study participants was adequate. The findings of this study revealed that the total number of dentists who utilize the technique in restoring large subgingival defects of posterior teeth with proximal caries is very minimal. Thus, it is recommended that dental practitioners have this technique introduced in their dental clinics as an alternative to surgical crown lengthening. Although years of experience and dentist rank may influence the clinical decision, in-depth factorial analysis with a greater sample size is necessary.
Assessment of knowledge and awareness regarding rubella infection among medical professionals seen in IGIMS, Bihar

Introduction: In developing countries like India, the comprehension of rubella virus illness, its consequences, and vaccine are nominal. Rubella virus infection occurring during pregnancy could lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Aim: The study aimed to know the awareness among young women healthcare practitioners of the reproductive age group towards rubella virus illness, its impacts, and vaccination. Method: The research had been carried out on 200 medical practitioner women of reproductive age category between 18 and 40 years. A restructured questionnaire-based interview has been conducted to check their comprehension about it. Result: Nearly all women of reproductive age did not know about the occurrence of rubella virus disease, its consequences, and vaccination. Conclusion: The research shows the absence of knowledge of rubella virus disease and demands for awareness programs to advertise properly in Bihar.
A community-based cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude, and perceptions about asthma among healthy adults in rural South India

Background: Evidence suggests that proper knowledge and perceptions about asthma result in a positive correlation with compliance with medications and regular medical follow-up. Assessing the level of knowledge, attitude, and perception (KAP) in the community is essential for planning public health interventions. There is a lacuna on community-based KAP study on asthma in rural India, as most of the existing evidence is from hospital-based studies in an urban setting. Methods: We interviewed 280 healthy adults from 14 villages in South India using the Chicago community asthma survey-32 (CCAS-32) questionnaire. We noted the frequency distribution of responses to the questions and scored KAP on symptoms, triggers, and treatment, and performed bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The mean age was 37.7 years ranging from 18 to 62 years. Almost half of them (47%) had primary or middle school education. 40.7% and 57.9% believed severe headache and tightness of chest were symptoms of asthma, respectively. Similarly, 38.2% and 48.4% thought asthma was a hereditary and contagious disease, respectively, whereas 41.8% of perceived asthma medications could be addictive. Having witnessed “patients with asthma” was associated with KAP on symptoms and triggers while younger age and having a relative with asthma were associated with KAP on treatment independently. Participants who had relatives with asthma were three times [(OR 3.04; 95% (1.5–6.1)] more likely to have good KAP compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: Asthma knowledge and perceptions are sparse in rural India. Adequate investments in public awareness are the need of the hour.
Translation, validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the geriatric depression scale (GDS-30) for utilization amongst speakers of Malayalam; the regional language of the South Indian State of Kerala

Background: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) is a popular instrument that has been ratified and is being used around the world as a screening tool for over three decades. However, a validated version of the scale is not available for use among speakers of Malayalam. In this paper, we elaborate on the procedure involved in the translation and validation of the GDS-30 from the official English version into Malayalam, the hurdles encountered in the process, and how they were overcome. Methods: The steps recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) were applied for the translation of the original questionnaire. This involved initial forward translation of the English questionnaire, discussion by an expert panel, back-translation, pre-testing, and pilot testing of the final version. The Malayalam translation thus obtained was administered to 100 elderly persons in the community. These individuals were then examined by a qualified doctor, who had received the necessary training from a consultant psychiatrist in the diagnosis of depressive disorders. This doctor evaluated the study subjects clinically using theInternational Classification of Diseases-tenth revision (ICD-10) criteria for the diagnosis of depression, which is considered as the gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, Cronbach'salpha, and split-half reliability were calculated to determine validity. Results: The translated scale yielded a sensitivity of 87.20%, a specificity of 73.80%, an area under the Receiving Operator Curve (ROC) of 0.814, Cronbach's α of 0.920, and split-half reliability of 0.897, thereby proving to be a valid screening tool. Conclusion: The Malayalam translation of the GDS-30 is a valid instrument to screen for depression in an elderly Malayalam-speaking population.
Kinetics, Medium and Deuterium Isotope Effects in the Alkaline Decomposition of Quaternary Phosphonium Salts

Kinetic measurements of the alkaline decomposition of tetraphenylphosphonium chloride were made in a series of acetone-water mixtures at 25—50 °C. The third-order rate increases remarkably, up to 1.2 · 106 times, with addition of acetone. The rate constant is expressed by k' = 19.6 exp (— 33.5 [kcal/mole]¡RT) I2 mole-2 sec"1 in water and k' = 12.2 exp (—14.6 [kcal/mole]¡RT) I2 mole"2 sec"1 in 80% acetone. The activation energy decreased progressively with increasing acetone content and the change was described in the light of solvation phenomena and internal solvent structure. The solvent deuterium isotope effect showed
Role of Human Papilloma Virus in Malignant Transformation of Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease. The disease has a cell-mediated immune reaction which is precipitated by a specific trigger which turns the self-peptides antigenic. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the malignant transformation of oral LP (OLP) has always been debated. Establishing a definitive part played by HPV in the malignant transformation of OLP, would possibly provide screening for the viruses, HPV vaccination, and antiviral therapy along with conventional treatment in LP which could improve prognosis. This systematic review is to assess the role of HPV in the malignant transformation of OLP. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google. The information was extracted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. All full-text papers that assessed the association of HPV in malignant transformation of OLP were considered eligible. The outcome parameter included the malignant transformation of OLP. We found a total of 19 studies from which five were found suitable for the review. Results from this systematic review showed HPV is associated with OLP. There is an increased prevalence of HPV in the erosive-atrophic (EA) variant of OLP compared to non-EA variant. There seems to be no strong evidence to prove the association between HPV and malignant transformation of OLP. Taking up the oncogenic potential of high-risk types and OLP as a potentially malignant disorder, more number of studies need to be performed on the dysplastic subtype of OLP and in those OLP lesions that progress to oral squamous cell carcinomas.