Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends in uptake of early infant diagnosis for HIV: implementation results of the Ugandan military PMTCT program

Background: Early infant diagnosis (EID) is an important strategy of the Prevention of Mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and when implemented in combination with other strategies could eliminate HIV MTCT. We implemented a series of strategic interventions intended to improve EID at 9 Military facilities in Uganda and evaluated their impact on uptake of EID. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional design was adopted, following-up HIV Exposed Infants (HEI) at the study sites over a 2 year period, and using a data extraction tool to capture4 indicators of EID namely; number of HIV-positive mothers, number of HEI enrolled, number of PCR and rapid tests performed on HEI, and number of HIV-positive results of HEI. Scatter plots and simple linear regression were applied to demonstrate trends in EID uptake and estimate intervention impact over time. Statistical significance was assumed at p<0.05. Results: We established incremental trends in numbers of first PCR (f [1,6]=2.8; p=0.15),third PCR (f [1,6]=8.4; p<0.05), rapid tests (f [1,6]=16.1; p<0.05) performed on HEI, and a modest decline in HIV-positivity among HEI over the study period. The intervention improved retention in PMTCT cascade to 80%, when contrasted with the national average of 70%. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that interventions invoking pre-booking HIV-positive pregnant mothers during antenatal care, follow up of mother-baby pairs using telephone and mentor mothers and integrating EID in immunization programs can improve uptake of EID in a relatively short period, and with a positive impact on EID indicators.
A survey on blockchain‐enabled smart grids: Advances, applications and challenges

Electric power grid infrastructure has revolutionized our world and changed the way of living. So has blockchain technology. The hierarchical electric power grid has been shifting from a centralized structure to a decentralized structure to achieve higher flexibility and stability, and blockchain technology has been widely adopted in the energy sector to deal with grid management, billing, metering, and so on, because of its nature of decentralization. Here, the aim is to provide a multi ‐ dimensional review on the technological advances of the blockchain in smart grids. Its corresponding applications based on these advances, including company projects and use cases, are summarized. Furthermore, the security threat issues in smart grids, Ethereum Virtual Machine (i.e. the operating environment of consensus mechanisms), and smart contracts are analysed, with a brief conclusion to manifest the prior tasks in building secure blockchain ‐ based infrastructures in smart grids. As such, the challenges and features of different protocols and their applicability in each use case are identified to provide an insightful guide for future research studies.
Population status and feeding behavior of black kite (Milvus migrans) in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

The status and feeding behavior of black kite (Milvus migrans) in Dhaka city were studied from July 2015 to June 2017. Road transects and morning roost-count method were used for population estimation and distribution, whereas focal sampling method was used to study the feeding and foraging behavior. Based on roosting and foraging areas, five transects were selected for population estimation. Moreover, six different feeding areas were selected for identifying various types of consumed food and assessing the feeding behavior of black kite. The black kite population was estimated at (1296±5.87) in Dhaka city. The population density was estimated at 21.8/km. Among selected five different transects, the recorded population ranged from 108.12±6.70, 8.34%) at S-3 (Mirpur to Ramna Park) to 805±11.88, 62.11% of individuals at S-5 (Gulistan to Demra). The present study revealed that black kites were distributed throughout the study area and the distribution was influenced by availability of food, water and roosting place. Based on the annual records, the highest population (1510±6.92) was found in 2016. Majority of black kites fed on offal and insects in study area. In garbage dumps, the highest rate of feeding was recorded in afternoon followed by in morning and lowest in the noon. Whereas in non-garbage feeding areas, the highest rate was recorded in the morning followed by in the afternoon and lowest in the noon. Among four different foraging strategies, food collection by kites standing on the ground and intraspecific cleptoparasitism was never observed during study period while interspecific cleptoparasitism (against crows) was the highest number (193.67±2.77, 68.43%).
Climatic and Landscape Controls on Long‐Term Baseflow

For evaluating the climatic and landscape controls on long‐term baseflow, baseflow index (BFI, defined as the ratio of baseflow to streamflow) and baseflow coefficient (BFC, defined as the ratio of baseflow to precipitation) are formulated as functions of climate aridity index, storage capacity index (defined as the ratio of average soil water storage capacity to precipitation), and a shape parameter for the spatial variability of storage capacity. The derivation is based on the two‐stage partitioning framework and a cumulative distribution function for storage capacity. Storage capacity has a larger impact on BFI than on BFC. When storage capacity index is smaller than 1, BFI is less sensitive to storage capacity index in arid regions compared to that in humid regions; whereas, when storage capacity index is larger than 1, BFI is less sensitive to storage capacity index in humid regions. The impact of storage capacity index on BFC is only significant in humid regions. The shape parameter plays an important role on fast flow generation at the first‐stage partitioning in humid regions and baseflow generation at the second‐stage partitioning in arid regions. The derived formulae were applied to more than 400 catchments where storage capacity index was found to follow a logarithmic function with climate aridity index. The role of climate forcings at finer timescales on baseflow were quantified, indicating that seasonality in climate forcings has a significant control especially on BFI.
Tolerability of bevacizumab in elderly patients with ovarian cancer: an experience from the Department of Gynecologic Oncology in the University Hospital Centre Zagreb

Introduction: Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody. It is an effective treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer, both in primary and recurrent disease. The incidence of ovarian cancer increases with advancing age. Despite the high prevalence of the ovarian cancer in elderly, the management of these patients is often less aggressive than in younger patients. In Croatia, from February 2017, we have opportunity to treat patients with epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer with bevacizumab in the first-line and second-line settings. Our aim was to investigate the safety of bevacizumab administration in patients older than 65 years. Methods: We have retrospectively analyzed the archive data of 65 patients with epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who started treatment with bevacizumab in primary advanced and in first relapse setting at the Department of Gynecologic Oncology in the University Hospital Centre Zagreb in the period from January 2017 to December 2018. Patients were divided in two categories according to age: group 1 (≤65 years) and group 2 (>65 years). Results: Our analysis included 65 patients:47 (72.3%) patients in group 1 compared with 18 (27.7%) in group 2. Bevacizumab was administered to 39 (60%) patients as first-line treatment and to 26 (40%) patients as second-line treatment. The median age was 70 years (range 66-76 years) in group 2 and 55 years (range 35-65 years) in group 1. ECOG status 0 had 44.7% of patients in group 1 compared with only 22% in group 2. At the time of diagnosis, elderly patients had presented with at least one comorbidity in 94.4% of the cases, compared with 42.6% in group 1. The median number of cycles of bevacizumab was 9 in elderly patients and 17 cycles in group 1. Among those patients receiving bevacizumab in the first-line setting, median progression free interval (PFI) was 12 months in younger patients versus 7 months in elderly patients. Similarly, among those receiving bevacizumab in the second-line setting PFI was 9 months in younger patients versus 1 months in elderly patients. The occurrence of non-hematological adverse events did not increase in elderly patients; 51.1% of patients in group 1 reported some of non-hematological adverse events versus only 27.8% in elderly patients. Conclusion: Our experience in treating patients with bevacizumab shows good results with acceptable toxicity and our findings suggest that its use in the elderly population should be considered as safe and manageable. KeYWorDs: ovary cancer, bevacizumab, therapy, elderly patients
Unusual Quasi 10‐Day Planetary Wave Activity and the Ionospheric Response During the 2019 Southern Hemisphere Sudden Stratospheric Warming

An unusual sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event occurred in the Southern Hemisphere in September 2019. Ground‐based and satellite observations show the presence of transient eastward‐ and westward‐propagating quasi‐10 day planetary waves (Q10DWs) during the SSW. The planetary wave activity maximizes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region approximately 10 days after the SSW onset. Analysis indicates that the westward‐propagating Q10DW with zonal wave number s = 1 is mainly symmetric about the equator, which is contrary to theory which predicts the presence of an antisymmetric normal mode for such planetary wave. Observations from microwave limb sounder and sounding of the atmosphere using broadband emission radiometry are combined with meteor radar wind measurements from Antarctica, providing a comprehensive view of Q10DW wave activity in the Southern Hemisphere during this SSW. Analysis suggests that the Q10DWs of various wavenumbers are potentially excited from nonlinear wave‐wave interactions that also involve stationary planetary waves with s = 1 and s = 2. The Q10DWs are also found to couple the ionosphere with the neutral atmosphere. The timing of the quasi‐10‐day oscillations (Q10DOs) in the ionosphere are contemporaneous with the Q10DWs in the neutral atmosphere during a period of relatively low solar and geomagnetic activity, suggesting that the Q10DWs play a key role in driving the ionospheric Q10DOs during the Southern SSW event. This study provides observational evidence for coupling between the neutral atmosphere and ionosphere through the upward propagation of global scale planetary waves.
Stimulating Job Crafting Behaviors of Older Workers: the Influence of Opportunity-Enhancing Human Resource Practices and Psychological Empowerment

ABSTRACT Since job crafting behaviour is of profound importance for the retention of older workers, we examined how organizations can stimulate job crafting behaviour among older workers with opportunity-enhancing Human Resource (HR) practices. We introduced three job crafting behaviours: accommodative, utilization, and developmental job crafting. We hypothesized that opportunity-enhancing HR practices increase psychological empowerment among older workers and therefore their job crafting behaviour. We conducted a survey study with two waves among 125 Dutch older workers (65+) affiliated with a temporary employment agency aiming to employ older workers and found that changes in perceptions of opportunity-enhancing HR practices are positively related to changes in psychological empowerment and, in turn, to changes in utilization and developmental crafting behaviours. Unexpectedly, changes in psychological empowerment were not associated with changes in accommodative crafting and changes in opportunity-enhancing HR practices perceptions were not directly associated with changes in job crafting behaviour. With this study, we contribute to the literature on job crafting and human resource management by showing that opportunity-enhancing HR practices influence job crafting behaviour through psychological empowerment.
Recent advances in hybrid graphene‐BN planar structures

Among the hotly investigated two‐dimensional (2D) materials, the hybrid graphene‐BN sheet is of special interest in the single‐atomic sheet family. Since graphene and BN sheet are the two most widely studied 2D materials, and they have the least lattice mismatch with each other while exhibiting very distinctive properties. Therefore, the hybridization between them provides unique flexibilities in tuning the properties which can change from nonmagnetic to ferromagnetic and from semiconducting to half‐metallic. The most impressive trait is that different from the functionalized graphene and BN sheet by hydrogenation, fluorination, or metal doping for the band engineering, the hybrid graphene‐BN sheet with similar properties remains single‐atomic. The combinations of different patterns with different sizes make the hybrid sheet rich in functionalities going beyond other 2D materials. In this overview, we briefly summarize the recent advances in hybrid graphene‐BN sheet, focusing on the modulations of physical and chemical properties by changing the hybrid configurations. Future research directions in this field are also discussed. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:65–82. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1237
Achieving employee support during the COVID-19 pandemic – the role of relational and informational crisis communication in Austrian organizations

PurposeBased on social exchange theory, the study examines the influence of informational and relational internal communication on cognitive and affective responses and job engagement during organizational crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by means of an online survey among people working in organizations with a minimum of 10 employees (N = 1,033) and analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsResults show that informational and relational communication as organizational resources have a significant but distinct influence on how employees support their employer during the crisis. While informational communication influences employees' acceptance of managerial decisions, relational communication exerts most influence on affective commitment, which is the strongest driver of job engagement.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional design, specific crisis situation and geographic location are limitations of the study.Practical implicationsDelivering relevant information to employees quickly and reliably is important. Yet, relationship-oriented communication that demonstrates appreciation and allows for participation has even stronger effects on job engagement, which is essential to mastering challenges arising from a crisis.Social implicationsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations demanded much from their employees. In exchange, organizations should provide the resources information, status and love (Foa and Foa, 1980) by means of internal crisis communication.Originality/valueThe study demonstrates the role of different types of internal communication during organizational crises used to convey organizational resources, and it highlights the mediating role of acceptance and commitment to enhance employees' engagement at work.
A Phenomenological Exploration of Client Meaningful Experiences in Family Counseling

Abstract This is a constructivist phenomenological study of client meaningful experiences in family counseling where researchers employed two post-session interviews with each family. The sample consisted of six participants (three families) who ranged in age from seven to 47. Participant racial/ethnic identities included five White and one biracial and gender identities included four female and two male. Findings revealed the following themes: (a) counseling sessions are a positive experience and something to look forward to, with subthemes counselor exhibits unconditional positive regard, differs in positive ways from previous counseling experiences and counselors, and play and mindfulness activities; (b) counseling is family focused, with subthemes counseling has strengthened the family bond and counseling has helped family identify strengths; and (c) counseling is a process, with subthemes collectively seeing improvement in child’s behavior, learning coping skills, and processing difficult subjects and emotions. Findings and implications for counselors are discussed.
Calibration and validation of a freight wagon dynamic model in operating conditions based on limited experimental data

This article presents an efficient methodology for the calibration and validation of a numerical model of a freight wagon based on a dynamic test under real operation conditions. The dynamic test takes place during a regular journey of the train and involved the installation of on-board accelerometers and LVDTs, whose number and location was conditioned by the space occupied by the goods and constraints associated with loading and unloading the wagon. The data derived from the dynamic test was used for the identification of carbody's modal parameters, namely the frequencies, mode shapes and damping coefficients and to extract accelerations and displacements time-histories. A three-dimensional (3D) FE numerical model of the freight wagon was developed and calibrated using a genetic algorithm. The methodology proves efficiency and robustness in precisely estimating three numerical parameters, besides a significant upgrade in relation to the model before calibration. Model validation involved the comparison between numerically simulated results, based on a vehicle-track dynamic interaction analysis, and the experimental observations. An excellent agreement between experimental and numerical after updating time-histories was obtained, especially for the carbody responses, whose behaviour is governed by lower frequencies (below 3.5 Hz), in which the calibration process was focused.
Overtone spectroscopy of H[sub 2]D[sup +] and D[sub 2]H[sup +] using laser induced reactions

The method of laser induced reaction is used to obtain high-resolution IR spectra of H2D+ and D2H+ in collision with n-H2 at a nominal temperature of 17 K. For this purpose three cw-laser systems have been coupled to a 22-pole ion trap apparatus, two commercial diode laser systems in the ranges of 6100–6600 cm−1 and 6760–7300 cm−1, respectively, and a high-power optical parametric oscillator tunable in the range of 2600–3200 cm−1. In total, 27 new overtone and combination transitions have been detected for H2D+ and D2H+, as well as a weak line in the nu1 vibrational band of H2D+ (220<--101) at 3164.118 cm−1. The line positions are compared to high accuracy ab initio calculations, showing small but mode-dependent differences, being largest for three vibrational quanta in the nu2 symmetric bending of H2D+. Within the experimental accuracy, the relative values of the ab initio predicted Einstein B coefficients are confirmed.
Does Topographic Form Stress Impede Prograde Ocean Currents?

Topographic form stress (TFS) plays a central role in constraining the transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), and thus the rate of exchange between the major ocean basins. Topographic form stress generation in the ACC has been linked to the formation of standing Rossby waves, which occur because the current is retrograde (opposing the direction of Rossby wave propagation). However, it is unclear whether TFS similarly retards current systems that are prograde (in the direction of Rossby wave propagation), which cannot arrest Rossby waves. An isopycnal model is used to investigate the momentum balance of wind-driven prograde and retrograde flows in a zonal channel, with bathymetry consisting of either a single ridge or a continental shelf and slope with a meridional excursion. Consistent with previous studies, retrograde flows are almost entirely impeded by TFS, except in the limit of flat bathymetry, whereas prograde flows are typically impeded by a combination of TFS and bottom friction. A barotropic theory for standing waves shows that bottom friction serves to shift the phase of the standing wave’s pressure field from that of the bathymetry, which is necessary to produce TFS. The mechanism is the same in prograde and retrograde flows, but is most efficient when the mean flow arrests a Rossby wave with a wavelength comparable to that of the bathymetry. The asymmetry between prograde and retrograde momentum balances implies that prograde current systems may be more sensitive to changes in wind forcing, for example associated with climate shifts.
Elastic properties of confined fluids from molecular modeling to ultrasonic experiments on porous solids

Fluids confined in nanopores are ubiquitous in nature and technology. In recent years, the interest in confined fluids has grown, driven by research on unconventional hydrocarbon resources—shale gas and shale oil, much of which are confined in nanopores. When fluids are confined in nanopores, many of their properties differ from those of the same fluid in the bulk. These properties include density, freezing point, transport coefficients, thermal expansion coefficient, and elastic properties. The elastic moduli of a fluid confined in the pores contribute to the overall elasticity of the fluid-saturated porous medium and determine the speed at which elastic waves traverse through the medium. Wave propagation in fluid-saturated porous media is pivotal for geophysics, as elastic waves are used for characterization of formations and rock samples. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of experimental works on wave propagation in fluid-saturated nanoporous media, as well as theoretical works focused on calculation of compressibility of fluids in confinement. We discuss models that bridge the gap between experiments and theory, revealing a number of open questions that are both fundamental and applied in nature. While some results were demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically (e.g., the pressure dependence of compressibility of fluids), others were theoretically predicted, but not verified in experiments (e.g., linear scaling of modulus with the pore size). Therefore, there is a demand for the combined experimental-modeling studies on porous samples with various characteristic pore sizes. The extension of molecular simulation studies from simple model fluids to the more complex molecular fluids is another open area of practical interest.
in situ Micro-distributions of Mineral Elements in Rice Grains with Different Zinc Efficiency

The concentrations of Zn and other mineral elements and in situ spatial distribution patterns were analyzed by combing ICP-MS with synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence(SRXRF). The results showed that SRXRF was a reliable technique to investigate the element micro-distribution in rice grains.Significantly positive correlations between elemental distribution of Zn,Fe,Cu and Mn were observed in rice grains,while there was no such pronounced correlation for K and Ca.Among the minerals,potassium is of the highest concentration and mobility in rice grains,being up to 52.6-90.6% in polished rice of that in the hulls.Highest Ca concentration was observed in the hulls,while the other five elements were preferentially distributed in the outer layer,such as embryo and aleuronic layer.The contents of Zn and other mineral elements in the endosperm decreased rapidly from the outer layers to the central parts.Both XRF mapping and ICP-MS analysis showed that Zn level in rice grains of Zn-inefficient genotype(Erjiufeng) was significantly higher than that in grains of Zn-efficient genotype(IR8192). This indicated that the Zn-efficient genotype IR8192 was not able to accumulate higher Zn in grains when exposed to sufficient Zn levels,despite of its high efficient uptake and utilization of Zn under Zn deficient conditions.