Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Method for Pesticide Detection in Honey by Using Liquid and Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometric Detection

This study aimed to optimize and validate a multi-residue method for identifying and quantifying pesticides in honey by using both gas and liquid chromatographic separation followed by mass spectrometric detection. The proposed method was validated to detect 168 compounds, 127 of them by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric detection) and 41 by GC-MS/MS (gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometric detection). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values for the analytes determined by LC-MS/MS were 0.0001–0.0004 mg/kg and 0.0002–0.0008 mg/kg, respectively. For GC-MS/MS analyses, the LOD and LOQ values were 0.001–0.004 mg/kg and 0.002–0.008 mg/kg. In total, 33 samples of commercial honey produced by apiaries in six Brazilian states were analyzed with the validated method. Residual amounts of 15 analytes were detected in 31 samples (93.9%). The method described in the present study was able to detect an extensive and broad range of pesticides with very high sensitivity.
Agreement Between the Mini-Cog in the Preoperative Clinic and on the Day of Surgery and Association With Postanesthesia Care Unit Delirium: A Cohort Study of Cognitive Screening in Older Adults.

BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is common in older surgical patients and is associated with postoperative delirium. However, cognitive function is inconsistently assessed preoperatively, leading to missed opportunities to recognize vulnerable patients. We designed a prospective cohort study to assess the agreement of the Mini-Cog screening tool administered in the preoperative clinic (clinic-day test) or immediately before surgery (surgery-day test) and to determine whether a positive screening for cognitive dysfunction in the surgery-day test is associated with postoperative delirium in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). METHODS This was a cohort study of patients aged 65-89 years, scheduled for elective, inpatient surgery under general anesthesia between June 20, 2018 and August 3, 2018. Mini-Cog test scores were obtained during a clinic-day test and surgery-day test. The Short Confusion Assessment Method was performed in the PACU. Agreement between Mini-Cog clinic-day and surgery-day test scores was estimated using an ordinally weighted kappa statistic, κ. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether there was an association between a positive screen for cognitive impairment and PACU delirium. Odds ratio analysis was performed to determine whether the Mini-Cog score was associated with PACU delirium. RESULTS Of 128 patients meeting eligibility criteria, 80 patients were enrolled. Ten had cognitive impairment based on the Mini-Cog clinic-day test score, while 70 did not. Age, sex, race, education level, subjective memory impairment, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status were equivalent in the 2 groups. The mean number of days between the clinic-day score and the surgery-day score was 8.4 days (standard deviation [SD] = 6.9). Mini-Cog clinic-day and surgery-day scores had high agreement (κ = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.87; P < .001), and both scores were highly predictive of PACU delirium. Patients with Mini-Cog surgery-day scores compatible with cognitive impairment (Mini-Cog scores ≤2) had an estimated 12.8 times higher odds of PACU delirium compared to patients with normal cognitive function or Mini-Cog scores >2 (odds ratio [OR] = 12.8; 95% CI, 2.6-63.8, P = .002). Similarly, patients with Mini-Cog clinic-day test scores compatible with cognitive impairment had an estimated 29 times higher odds of PACU delirium compared to patients with normal cognitive function (OR = 29.0; 95% CI, 2.6-63.8, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS These data support the approach of using the Mini-Cog on the day of surgery to screen for cognitive impairment in older patients. Importantly, Mini-Cog surgery-day test scores compatible with cognitive impairment (≤2) were strongly associated with PACU delirium.
Large-scale functional coactivation patterns reflect the structural connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex

Abstract The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) is among the most consistently implicated brain regions in social and affective neuroscience. Yet, this region is also highly functionally heterogeneous across many domains and has diverse patterns of connectivity. The extent to which the communication of functional networks in this area is facilitated by its underlying structural connectivity fingerprint is critical for understanding how psychological phenomena are represented within this region. In the current study, we combined diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and probabilistic tractography with large-scale meta-analysis to investigate the degree to which the functional coactivation patterns of the MPFC are reflected in its underlying structural connectivity. Using unsupervised machine learning techniques, we compared parcellations between the two modalities and found congruence between parcellations at multiple spatial scales. Additionally, using connectivity and coactivation similarity analyses, we found high correspondence in voxel-to-voxel similarity between each modality across most, but not all, subregions of the MPFC. These results provide evidence that meta-analytic functional coactivation patterns are meaningfully constrained by underlying neuroanatomical connectivity and provide convergent evidence of distinct subregions within the MPFC involved in affective processing and social cognition.
Patterns of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in North- Eastern India: The First Report from the Population Based Cancer Registry of Tripura

Background: There is, till date no population-based data regarding cancer patterns in North- Eastern India, dictating the need to understand the epidemiology of cancer in this population for its effective management. Methods: This is the first report of the Population Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) in Tripura (2010-2014). The protocol involves active collection of data on all cancer cases from Tripura through staff visit in more than 150 sources of incident and mortality registration, government and private hospitals, municipal corporation, etc. and scrutiny, corroboration with existing records. Data was analyzed statistically to understand cancer trends in terms of incidence and mortality across different sites, age groups affected and gender. Results: A total of 10,251 cases were registered during the period, with overall age-adjusted incidence rates of 75.7 and 54.9 per 100,000 males and females respectively. Crude Incidence Rate (CR) and Age- Adjusted Rate (AAR) was among the lowest reported in India, probably due to associated socio-economic factors. The most prevalent cancers were lung (18.1%), esophageal (8.3%) for men and cervix uteri (17.6%), breast (13.8%) for females. Gall bladder cancer in females was one of the highest in the country. Rate of cancer mortality in the population was quite high and significantly increased with time, probably accounting for dearth in early detection and feasible treatment alternatives. Conclusion: The data suggests that high cancer incidence and mortality are prevalent in the population of Tripura, dictating the need of active tobacco control measures, early detection and awareness drives for effective cancer control.
Evolutionary relationships and diversification of Stachyuraceae based on sequences of four chloroplast markers and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region

Stachyuraceae consist of a single genus Stachyurus with about ten species endemic to eastern Asia. The family was recently shown to be sister to the western North American Crossosomataceae. The phylogeny of Stachyuraceae and its relatives was reconstructed based on sequences of four chloroplast DNA regions (trnL intron and adjacent trnL-trnF spacer, rpsl6 intron, ndhF gene, trnS-trnG-trnG region) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. The monophyly of Stachyurus was strongly supported. The divergence time between Stachyuraceae and Crossosomataceae was estimated to be 68.25 ± 10.36 million years ago (MYA) using the penalized likelihood method based on rbcL sequences data with fossil calibration. Stachyurus sigeyosii was previously synonymized as S. himalaicus, but our analysis shows that it is sister to the morphologically highly distinct S. praecox from Japan and does not form a clade with S. himalaicus.
Management strategies for pediatric burns during the COVID-19 pandemic

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been challenging global health, in many countries all non-urgent medical treatments were postponed in order to focus health systems, workforce and other resources on crucial treatments for COVID-19 patients. The pediatric cases are a minority of all COVID-19 patients and might present atypically. Due to an increase in pediatric burn cases we decided to establish an outpatient pre-hospital clinic as an intermediate “station”, in order to triage pediatric burn patients into those who present at our hospital, and those treated via telemedicine. We divided our tactics into environmental and patient management both in hospitalized and outpatient patients, also medical staff management including preventive care, surgery, and bedside procedures. We found that patients and their escorts waited longer before arriving to the Emergency Room, apparently trying to avoid the hospital visit. A higher proportion of patients was hospitalized during the pandemic (4.5% in 2020, compared to 2.6% and 2.0% in 2019 and 2018, respectively). However, the length of stay was similar to routine periods, the surgery rate and length of follow up until healing was similar to that of the same month in previous years. We assume that these factors reflect treatment quality, which was not affected, due to the use of telemedicine, and that our treatment standards were maintained. It is important to have a good regulation system of prevention and care, including the tactics described below.
Gastrointestinal adverse events with insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed‐ratio combination versus glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta‐analysis

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) are the recommended first injectable therapy in type 2 diabetes. However, long‐term persistence is suboptimal and partly attributable to gastrointestinal tolerability, particularly during initiation/escalation. Gradual titration of fixed‐ratio combination GLP‐1 RA/insulin therapies may improve GLP‐1 RA gastrointestinal tolerability. We compared gastrointestinal adverse event (AE) rates for iGlarLixi versus GLP‐1 RAs during the first 12 weeks of therapy, including a sensitivity analysis with IDegLira.
Challenges for the Newborn Immune Response to Respiratory Virus Infection and Vaccination

The initial months of life reflect an extremely challenging time for newborns as a naïve immune system is bombarded with a large array of pathogens, commensals, and other foreign entities. In many instances, the immune response of young infants is dampened or altered, resulting in increased susceptibility and disease following infection. This is the result of both qualitative and quantitative changes in the response of multiple cell types across the immune system. Here we provide a review of the challenges associated with the newborn response to respiratory viral pathogens as well as the hurdles and advances for vaccine-mediated protection.
Remarks on the Taxonomy of some Australasian Raptors

Haliastur is considered doubtfully separable from Milvus. Circus approximans and Circus spilonotus are considered to be species, which, along with three others, compose a superspecies of marsh harriers Circus [aeruginosus]. Occurrence of Circus melanoleucus in New Guinea is questioned. Erythrotriorchis and Megatriorchis are considered synonyms of Accipiter. Status of Aquila gurneyi and A. audax discussed.
Age, growth, and reproduction of the dolphin, Coryphaena hippurus, in the straits of Florida

The dolphin grows rapidly throughout its life. Check marks believed to be annuli were formed from November through February. Average growth was 725 mm fork length the first year and 450 mm the second year. One older fish belonged to age-group III (1425 mm long), and another to age-group IV (1525 mm). A male dolphin in the reef tank of the Miami Seaquarium, Miami, Florida, grew from about 0.5 kg (one lb.) to 16.3 kg (36 lb.) in about eight months. Maximum life span is probably about four years. Male dolphin longer than about 450 mm were heavier than females of the same length. Reproduction was studied by gross observation of the gonads, measurements of egg diameters, and counts of maturing eggs. Changes in the gonads through the year indicated that the spawning season in the Florida Current extends from November through July and is at its peak in March. Female dolphin begin to mature at 350 mm fork length, and all are mature by 550 mm. Males begin to mature at a slightly larger size. Female dolphin produce 80,000-1,000,000 eggs at each spawning and spawn twice (perhaps as many as three times) per year.
Prediction of Unbound Ceftriaxone Concentration in Children: Simple Bioanalysis Method and Basic Mathematical Equation

The pharmacological activity of ceftriaxone depends on the unbound concentration. However, direct measurement of unbound concentrations is obstructive, and high individual variability of the unbound fraction of ceftriaxone was shown in children. We aim to evaluate and validate a method to predict unbound ceftriaxone concentrations in pediatric patients. Ninety-five pairs of concentrations (total and unbound) from 92 patients were measured by the bioanalysis method that we developed. The predictive performance of the three equations (empirical in vivo equation, disease-adapted equation, and multiple linear regression equation) was assessed by the mean absolute prediction error (MAPE), the mean prediction error (MPE), the proportions of the prediction error within ±30% (P30) and ±50% (P50), and linear regression of predicted versus actual unbound levels (R2). ABSTRACT The pharmacological activity of ceftriaxone depends on the unbound concentration. However, direct measurement of unbound concentrations is obstructive, and high individual variability of the unbound fraction of ceftriaxone was shown in children. We aim to evaluate and validate a method to predict unbound ceftriaxone concentrations in pediatric patients. Ninety-five pairs of concentrations (total and unbound) from 92 patients were measured by the bioanalysis method that we developed. The predictive performance of the three equations (empirical in vivo equation, disease-adapted equation, and multiple linear regression equation) was assessed by the mean absolute prediction error (MAPE), the mean prediction error (MPE), the proportions of the prediction error within ±30% (P30) and ±50% (P50), and linear regression of predicted versus actual unbound levels (R2). The average total and unbound ceftriaxone concentrations were 126.18 ± 81.46 μg/ml and 18.82 ± 21.75 μg/ml, and the unbound fraction varied greatly from 4.75% to 39.97%. The MPE, MAPE, P30, P50, and R2 of the empirical in vivo equation, disease equation, and multiple linear equation were 0.17 versus 0.00 versus 0.06, 0.24 versus 0.15 versus 0.27, 63.2% versus 89.5% versus 74.7%, 96.8% versus 97.9% versus 86.3%, and 0.8730 versus 0.9342 versus 0.9315, respectively. The disease-adapted equation showed the best predictive performance. We have developed and validated a bioanalysis method with one-step extraction pretreatment for the determination of total ceftriaxone concentrations, and a prediction equation of the unbound concentration is recommended. The proposed method can facilitate clinical practice and research on unbound ceftriaxone in children. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT03113344.)
Preventive Effects of Quercetin against the Onset of Atherosclerosis-Related Acute Aortic Syndromes in Mice

Atherosclerosis-related acute aortic syndromes, such as aortic aneurysms or aortic dissection are life-threatening diseases. Since they develop suddenly and progress rapidly, the establishment of preventive strategies is urgently needed. Quercetin, a flavonoid abundant in various vegetables and fruits, is suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, in this study, the preventive effect of quercetin was evaluated using a mouse model of aortic aneurysm and dissection. The model was established by administering angiotensin II (Ang II) and β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), a lysyl oxidase inhibitor, to mice to induce hypertension and degeneration of the elastic lamina, which would eventually result in the onset of an aortic aneurysm. Ang II, BAPN, and a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor was administered to induce aortic dissection via endothelial dysfunction. Quercetin (60 mg/kg/day) was administered 2 weeks before inducing aortic diseases by the end of the experiments (8 weeks in the aneurysm model, 6 weeks in the dissection model). It was found to reduce the incidence of aneurysm (from 72 to 45%), dissection (from 17 to 10%), and rupture (from 33 to 15%) in mice. Elastin degradation was ameliorated in the quercetin-treated mice compared to that in the mice without quercetin treatment (degradation score 2.9 ± 0.3 vs 2.2 ± 0.2). Furthermore, quercetin suppressed the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, macrophage infiltration, and pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. Our results suggest that quercetin might prevent the onset of atherosclerosis-related acute aortic syndromes through its anti-inflammatory and endothelial cell-protective effects.
Effect of Endophyte Incidence in Perennial Ryegrass on Distribution, Host-Choice, and Performance of the Hairy Chinch Bug (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

Finding toxic, fungal endophyte-infected, grass cultivars that are not avoided by phytophagous insects could be an advantageous strategy when mixing Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L. , and endophyte-infected grasses to control turfgrass pests. Field observations revealed that nymphs of the hairy chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus hirstus Montandon, are found mainly in thatch rather than on plants, regardless of time of day. We therefore developed laboratory bioassays incorporating thatch as a component of the hairy chinch bug habitat as a 1st step toward searching for advantageous grass-endophyte associations for chinch bug management in northeastern America. In nonchoice tests, a high incidence of endophyte ( Neotyphodium ) infection in tillers of the perennial ryegrass ‘Prelude II’, Lolium perenne L. , induced high mortality of 3rd instars, whereas Prelude II with lower incidence of infected tillers or the Kentucky bluegrass ‘Merit’ were significantly more suitable. Incidence of infected plants affected nymph habitat selection, because all individuals in the presence of Prelude II with elevated percentage of infected tillers were found in thatch, whereas a significantly higher proportion of plants was colonized by nymphs confined with Prelude II with a lower incidence of endophyte infection or with Merit. In choice tests, Merit was strongly preferred over Prelude II, regardless of endophyte status of the ryegrass. Moreover, nymph mortality was not affected by the presence of endophyte-infected Prelude II when Merit was also available. These results suggest that highly mobile 3rd-instar hairy chinch bugs have the capacity to avoid toxic endophyte-infected grass cultivars. Such behavior could limit the value of mixing endophyteinfected grasses with Kentucky bluegrass for lawn protection, unless toxic cultivars that are not avoided by the hairy chinch bug can be found.
Karakteristik Semen Segar dan Kualitas Semen Cair Kuda dalam Pengencer Dimitropoulos yang Disuplementasi dengan Fruktosa, Trehalosa dan Rafinosa

The objective of the experiment was to study the characteristics of stallion fresh semen and the quality of sperm preserved in Dimitropoulos extender (DV) supplemented with different concentration of fructose, trehalose and raffinose. Semen were collected using artificial vagina from three stallions. Semen characteristics and quality were evaluated macro- and microscopically. Prior to extension, semen were centrifugated at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes. The condensed sperm were re-suspended in DV supplemented with different types of carbohydrate to meet the concentration of 200 million spz/ml. All samples were stored at room and chilled temperature, and were evaluated for motility and viability every 3 h and 12 h. The results of the experiments indicated that fresh semen characteristics were fair good; the volume, consistency, motility, live-dead ratio, concentration (10 6 /ml), total spermatozoa (10 9 /ejaculate) and abnormality were 29.25±9.33 ml, watery, 7.00±0.12, 67.08±9.08%, 77.89±6.46%, 211.88±21.15, 6.28±2.45 and 27.26±4.64%, respectively. The supplementation of different type and concentration of carbohydrates did not significantly affect the motility and viability. However, the supplementation of 50 mM fructose significantly increased the motility and viability of the sperm compared to the control. In conclusion, carbohydrate supplementation in DV may not maintain the sperm quality, particularly in the medium with the osmolarity higher than 400 mOsm/kg.
Adaptive introgression from maize has facilitated the establishment of teosinte as a noxious weed in Europe

Significance The emergence of noxious weeds poses a serious threat to agricultural production. Understanding their origin and evolution is therefore of major importance. Here we analyzed the intriguing case of teosinte, a wild relative of maize originating from Mexico that recently emerged as an invasive weed in maize fields in Europe. Patterns of genetic variation revealed extensive genetic introgression from maize adapted to temperate latitudes into European teosintes. Introgressed genomic regions harbored a key flowering time gene and an herbicide resistance gene. Our results exemplify how adaptive introgression can drive the evolution of a crop’s wild relative into a weed. Hybridization is an evolutionary force that should not be underestimated when forecasting invasiveness risks. Global trade has considerably accelerated biological invasions. The annual tropical teosintes, the closest wild relatives of maize, were recently reported as new agricultural weeds in two European countries, Spain and France. Their prompt settlement under climatic conditions differing drastically from that of their native range indicates rapid genetic evolution. We performed a phenotypic comparison of French and Mexican teosintes under European conditions and showed that only the former could complete their life cycle during maize cropping season. To test the hypothesis that crop-to-wild introgression triggered such rapid adaptation, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms to characterize patterns of genetic variation in French, Spanish, and Mexican teosintes as well as in maize germplasm. We showed that both Spanish and French teosintes originated from Zea mays ssp. mexicana race “Chalco,” a weedy teosinte from the Mexican highlands. However, introduced teosintes differed markedly from their Mexican source by elevated levels of genetic introgression from the high latitude Dent maize grown in Europe. We identified a clear signature of divergent selection in a region of chromosome 8 introgressed from maize and encompassing ZCN8, a major flowering time gene associated with adaptation to high latitudes. Moreover, herbicide assays and sequencing revealed that French teosintes have acquired herbicide resistance via the introgression of a mutant herbicide-target gene (ACC1) present in herbicide-resistant maize cultivars. Altogether, our results demonstrate that adaptive crop-to-wild introgression has triggered both rapid adaptation to a new climatic niche and acquisition of herbicide resistance, thereby fostering the establishment of an emerging noxious weed.