Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alcohol-related traumatic brain injuries before and after the reduction of alcohol prices : observations from Oulu Province and Northern Ostrobothnia

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an enormous health and economic problem. The proportion of alcohol involvement among subjects with TBI varies 34–51%. Acute alcohol intoxication increases the risk for head trauma compared with other parts of the body. Therefore, alcohol is a major, yet preventable risk factor for TBI. Alcohol taxes were reduced in 2004 and limits on taxfree imports from other EU countries were also removed. Within a year, total alcohol consumption increased by 10% in Finland. Alcohol-induced liver diseases and sudden deaths involving alcohol increased after the reduction. The effects of the reduction on the incidence and mortality of TBI were not known. Data on all TBI subjects admitted to Oulu University Hospital (1999, 2007) were gathered, as well as data on all fatal TBIs among the residents of Oulu Province (1999, 2006, and 2007). A cohort of subjects with head trauma admitted to Oulu University Hospital in 1999 was followed up until the end of 2009. Alcohol involvement was based on positive alcohol measurement or alcohol-related cause of death on death certificate or hospital chart notes made by health care providers. The incidence and mortality rates of moderate-to-severe TBI and alcohol involvement between the observation years were compared. Cumulative survival rates were calculated to demonstrate the effect of alcohol price reduction on the mortality of the head trauma cohort during a 10-year follow-up. The incidence of moderate-to-severe and fatal TBI was similar before and after the reduction of alcohol prices. After the reduction, the proportion of alcohol-related moderate-to-severe and fatal TBIs increased among middle-aged people, but decreased among young adults. The increase in TBIs among the middle-aged was mainly due to an increase in falls, whereas the decrease among young adults was due to a decreased number of suicides (particularly among young men). After the reduction of alcohol prices, harmful drinkers were significantly more likely to die than those who were not harmful drinkers. The overall incidence of moderate-to-severe and fatal TBIs did not increase after the reduction of alcohol prices, but the proportions of alcohol-related TBIs due to falls increased among middleaged people. Our observations demonstrate that harmful drinkers and middle-aged people were the groups which suffered the most TBI-related harm after the reduction of alcohol prices.
Spring Migration and Habitat Use by Seabirds in Eastern Lancaster Sound and Western Baffin Bay

The status and distribution, during spring and early summer, of northern fulmars ( Fulmarus glacialis ), black-legged kittiwakes ( Rissa tridactyla ), thick-billed murres ( Uria lomvia ) and black guillemots ( Cepphus grylle ) were studied during aerial surveys in eastern Lancaster Sound (1976, 1978, 1979) and western Baffin Bay (1978, 1979). Fulmars were present in the study area by early May but most undertook a pre-laying exodus in late May before returning in early June to nest. During June and the first half of July, they were common along coasts and in offshore areas throughout the region. Kittiwakes returned in late May and numbers increased through June, both along coasts and offshore. Numbers offshore decreased after nesting, which begins in mid- to late June. Murres returned to the study area around mid-May and were abundant during June, especially near their colonies. Densities were generally highest along fast ice edges. Guillemots returned to the study area in the last half of May and were widespread along coasts, ice edges and in offshore areas during June. Densities were much lower after nesting, which commences in late June. Densities of fulmars, murres and guillemots were much higher along fast ice edges than along ice-free coasts: the opposite was true of kittiwakes. Offshore, fulmars and kittiwakes preferred waters with little or no pack ice, whereas murres and guillemots preferred moderate to heavy pack ice. These habitat preferences affected the distributions of the species within the region. Ice conditions in eastern Lancaster Sound were markedly different during each of the three years of study. Effects of different ice conditions on the species' distributions are assessed. Seabird distributions in six parts of the region are summarized. Key words: fulmar, kittiwake, murre, guillemot, distribution, habitat use, Lancaster Sound, Baffin Bay
Zircon geochronology constraints on the age and nature of ‘Precambrian metamorphic rocks’ in the Xing’an block of Northeast China

The Great Xing’an Range in Northeast China is located in the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. From north to south, the Great Xing’an Range is divided into the Erguna, Xing’an, and Songliao blocks. Previous U–Pb zircon geochronology results have revealed that some ‘Precambrian metamorphic rocks’ in the Xing’an block have Phanerozoic protolith ages, questioning whether Precambrian basement exists in the Xing’an block. We present laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) U–Pb dating results for zircons from suspected Precambrian metamorphic rocks in the Xing’an block. Meta-rhyolites of the Xinkailing Group in Nenjiang yield magmatic ages of 355.8 Ma. Detrital zircons from phyllites of the Xinkailing Group in Duobaoshan yield populations of ca. 1505, ca. 810, and ca. 485 Ma, with the youngest peak constraining its depositional age to be <485 Ma. Zircons from amphibolitic gneisses of the Xinkailing Group in Nenjiang have magmatic ages of 308.6 Ma. Mylonitic granites of the Xinkailing Group in Nenjiang have zircon magmatic ages of 164 Ma. Detrital zircons from two-mica quartz schists of the Luomahu Group in the Galashan Forest yield ca. 2419, ca. 1789, ca. 801, ca. 536, ca. 480, and ca. 420 Ma, with the youngest peak indicating its depositional age as <420 Ma. Detrital zircons from mylonitized sericite–chlorite schist of the Ergunhe Formation in Taerqi yield populations of 982–948, ca. 519, and ca. 410 Ma, with the youngest peak demonstrating that its depositional age is <410 Ma. These zircon ages for a range of lithologies show that the Great Xing’an Range metamorphic rocks formed during the Phanerozoic (164–485 Ma) and that this crust is mostly Palaeozoic. Based on these results and published data, we conclude that there is no evidence of Precambrian metamorphic basement in the Xing’an block. In summary, the age data indicate that Precambrian metamorphic basement may not exist in the Xing’an region.
A quantitative approach to the dike intrusion process inferred from a joint analysis of geodetic and seismological data for the 1998 earthquake swarm off the east coast

[1] A series of earthquake swarms off the east coast of Izu Peninsula, central Japan, is typically associated with dike intrusion around active volcanoes. Numerous studies in this region have documented the seismic activity and ground deformations without fully resolving the process of dike intrusion. This study involves a joint analysis of geodetic and seismic data from the most recent major activity in this region, occurring in 1998, to reveal the process of dike intrusion quantitatively. We combine data from a dense GPS array, including 10 temporary stations, with seismic analysis published previously. We estimate the location of the dikes from seismic data and the volume of intruded magma from geodetic data. Combined analysis of both data sets enables us to reveal the kinematic process of dike intrusion associated with the 1998 earthquake swarm. The process of dike intrusion is quantitatively modeled using the time evolution of recorded dike volume and the use of seismic hypocenters as an indicator of the site of instantaneous dike intrusion. On the basis of these observations, we propose the following process of the dike intrusion: The magma rose upward through a pathway aligned vertically and created a dike when it lost buoyancy. We also evaluate the dike intrusion process quantitatively using a model of a circular dike that grows under a continuous magma supply from a deep magma reservoir. From the observational data, we infer the time evolution in the dike shape, pressure distribution, and magma viscosity in the dike. The acquired viscosity increases over time and it may be reasonable because magma cools gradually. However, its value is too large compared to typical basaltic magma expected in this region. It may represent magma within the dike that is nearly solidified. Otherwise, the magma is supplied intermittently and the dike growth is mainly controlled by the magma supply rate from a deep reservoir. The quantitative description of the dike intrusion process in nature described in this study is very rare, and our results provide constraints on several parameters that have not been solved in many previous theoretical studies on the dike intrusion process.
Antitumoural activity in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic benthic organisms

Abstract A prospecting search for antitumoural activity in polar benthic invertebrates was conducted on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic benthos in three different areas: Bouvet Island (sub-Antarctic), eastern Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica). A total of 770 benthic invertebrate samples (corresponding to at least 290 different species) from 12 different phyla were assayed to establish their pharmacological potential against three human tumour cell lines (colorectal adenocarcinoma, lung carcinoma and breast adenocarcinoma). Bioassays resulted in 15 different species showing anticancer activity corresponding to five different phyla: Tunicata (5), Porifera (4), Cnidaria (3), Echinodermata (2) and Annelida (1). This appears to be the largest pharmacological study ever carried out in Antarctica and it shows very promising antitumoural activities in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic benthos.
Deep‐water anoxia over the Frasnian–Famennian boundary (La Serre, France): a tectonically induced oceanic anoxic event?

The Frasnian–Famennian (F‐F) transition is well exposed in the basinal setting of La Serre (Montagne Noire, France), where oxygen‐deficient conditions prevailed in bottom environments. In this paper, we study the F‐F transition using inorganic geochemistry (notably, major elements, redox‐sensitive and/or sulphide‐forming trace metals, and productivity proxies). The results are compared with published data concerning the La Serre section, other F‐F sections and other geological formations also deposited in basinal settings. The very high enrichment in redox and productivity tracers indicates that anoxic conditions prevailed across the F‐F boundary, and that surface productivity was intense. Such deep‐water restricted conditions coupled with high productivity occurred in various places in Late Devonian oceans. Recycling alone cannot account for the intense nutrient supply and therefore the most probable source was via land runoff. We discuss the Eovariscan episode of uplift that stimulated rock weathering, and hence long‐term nutrient supply to the seas.
Holocene development of the fauna of Lake Boeckella, northern Antarctic Peninsula

The origins of the freshwater fauna that inhabits Antarctic lakes are poorly known. The species present today could be relict species that have survived Quaternary glaciations on the continent, or Holocene migrants from more temperate regions. One approach to investigating these questions is to study faunal microfossils in lake sediment. This approach was applied to a 293 cm sediment core from Lake Boeckella, located at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. The microfossils indicated that most of the metazoan species that occur in the lake today have been present since soon after the lake’s formation c. 5.5 ka ago. In particular, the centropagid copepod Boeckella poppei (Mrázek) has been present throughout the lake’s history, suggesting a local source for this species. The development of biodiversity in the lake with time was in general more consistent with local (Antarctic) rather than distant (South American) sources, though an alternative explanation is that dispersal to Antarctica was more efficient in the mid-Holocene. Evidence of dispersal from extra-continental sites comes from the scattered occurrence throughout the core of Eubosmina chilensis (Daday), a South American species that does not reach the Antarctic or the sub-Antarctic islands at present, and which failed to establish a permanent population in the lake.
Deep-water formation and meridional overturning in a high-resolution model of the north Atlantic

The authors use different versions of the model of the wind- and thermohaline-driven circulation in the North and Equatorial Atlantic developed under the WOCE Community Modeling Effort to investigate the mean flow pattern and deep-water formation in the subpolar region, and the corresponding structure of the basin-scale meridional overturning circulation transport. A suite of model experiments has been carded out in recent years, differing in horizontal resolution (1° × 1.2°, 1/3° × 0.4°, 1/6° × 0.2°), thermohaline boundary conditions, and parameterization of small-scale mixing. The mass transport in the subpolar gyre and the production of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) appears to be essentially controlled by the outflow of dense water from the Greenland and Norwegian Seas. in the present model simulated by restoring conditions in a buffer zone adjacent to the boundary near the Greenland–Scotland Ridge. Deep winter convection homogenizes the water column in the center of the Labrador Sea to about 2000 m. The water mass properties (potential temperature about 3°C, salinity about 34.9 psu) and the volume (1.1×1053 km3) of the homogenized water are in fair agreement with observations. The convective mixing has only little effect on the net sinking of upper-layer water in the subpolar gyre. Sensitivity experiments show that the export of NADW from the subpolar North Atlantic is more strongly affected by changes in the overflow conditions than by changes in the surface buoyancy fluxes over the Labrador and Irminger Seas, even if these suppress the deep convection completely. The host of sensitivity experiments demonstrates that realistic meridional overturning and heat transport distributions for the North Atlantic (with a maximum of 1 PW) can be obtained with NADW production rates of 15–16 Sv, provided the spurious upwelling of deep water that characterizes many model solutions in the Gulf Stream regime is avoided by adequate horizontal resolution add mixing parameterization.
Making the distinction between water scarcity and drought using an observation‐modeling framework

Drought and water scarcity are keywords for river basin management in water‐stressed regions. “Drought” is a natural hazard, caused by large‐scale climatic variability, and cannot be prevented by local water management. “Water scarcity” refers to the long‐term unsustainable use of water resources, which water managers can influence. Making the distinction between drought and water scarcity is not trivial, because they often occur simultaneously. In this paper, we propose an observation‐modeling framework to separate natural (drought) and human (water scarcity) effects on the hydrological system. The basis of the framework is simulation of the situation that would have occurred without human influence, the “naturalized” situation, using a hydrological model. The resulting time series of naturalized state variables and fluxes are then compared to observed time series. As second, more important and novel step, anomalies (i.e., deviations from a threshold) are determined from both time series and compared. We demonstrate the use of the proposed observation‐modeling framework in the Upper‐Guadiana catchment in Spain. Application of the framework to the period 1980–2000 shows that the impact of groundwater abstraction on the hydrological system was, on average, four times as high as the impact of drought. Water scarcity resulted in disappearance of the winter high‐flow period, even in relatively wet years, and a nonlinear response of groundwater. The proposed observation‐modeling framework helps water managers in water‐stressed regions to quantify the relative impact of drought and water scarcity on a transient basis and, consequently, to make decisions regarding adaptation to drought and combating water scarcity.
Influence of changing the distance of the 3-point line in basketball

The importance of changing the rules of basketball has been studied over the years by various researchers. Arias, Argudo and Alonso (2011) in a review on the subject indicate that changes must be validated empirically to determine their previous effect; and the way the rules determine the dynamics and the actions of the Basketball game. In their study of the historical evolution of changes in the rules in this sport, Ferreira, Ibanez and Sampaio (2009), include the date of implementation of the three-point line in basketball FIBA dating from 1984, indicating that the attack has one more weapon that in many cases, it is clearly crucial, and as Diaz-Miguel (1986) said long ago, one that is difficult to counteract. This research analyzes the difference in the number of 3-point shots attempted and made in two consecutive seasons. In the first one (2009/2010), the line that defines the three-point shot was at a distance of 6.25 meters with respect to the basket, while in the second season (2010/2011), the distance increases to 6.75 meters. We consider of great interest this change in the current regulation, as the shot is the most decisive action in basketball, with the score depending directly on it (Claramount and Balague, 2010; Wissel, 2010) we must also add the importance given by the players themselves (Montero, Ezquerro and Saavedra, 2009; Ortega, Palao, Sainz de Baranda and Garcia, 2009).
The impact of the month pregnant and fetus sex on progesterone and cortisol hormones and lipid profile in the women during the third-trimester pregnancy

This study was conducted at Salahaddin General Hospital to find out the impact of pregnancy month and the sex of the fetus on progesterone, cortisol hormones and some biochemical compounds (VLDL-C, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG Cholesterol, and Glucose), during the last trimester of the pregnant women. Ninety blood samples were collected from the pregnant women, 5ml blood from each woman, the number of pregnant women during the 7th, 8th and 9th months (34, 29, 27) woman respectively. During the ninth month of pregnancy, there was a significant increase (P≤0.01) in the concentration of cortisol hormone compared with the seventh and eighth month, but the concentration of progesterone hormone decreased significantly (P≤0.01) during the ninth month compared to the seventh and eighth months. The concentrations of (VLDL-C, LDL-C, TG, Cholesterol, and Glucose) increased in the ninth month of pregnancy compared to the seventh and eighth months, while the concentration of the HDL-C increased in the seventh and eighth months compared with the ninth month. There were no significant differences between the male and the female fetus in pregnant women cortisone and progesterone concentrations. The pregnant women with male pregnancy significantly increased compared with the female fetus pregnancy in the (VLDL-C, LDL-C, Glucose) while the female pregnancy significantly increased compared with the male fetus pregnancy (P≤0.05) in concentrations of HDL-C. There are no significant differences observed between the male fetus and female pregnancies in cholesterol concentrations. Conclusion: this study finds out that the ninth month of the pregnancy caused more detriment to the pregnant women and male fetus is more likely to cause stress on the pregnant women than the female fetus. http://dx.doi. org/10.25130/tjps.24. 2019.004
Small earthquake scaling revisited: Can it constrain slip weakening

Foodstuffs, beverages, animal feeds, pharmaceutical preparations, and tobacco products are flavored with compounds represented by the formula WHEREIN ONE OF THE SYMBOLS X represents oxygen and the other sulphur and R1 and R2 are hydrogen or methyl radicals. The flavoring compounds or their solutions can be used either alone or in combination with other flavor ingredients.
Coesite-Bearing Eclogites from the Dabie Mountains, Central China: Petrogenesis, P-T Paths, and Implications for Regional Tectonics

Coesite- and kyanite-bearing eclogites are abundant in the southern part of the Dabie Mountains (southern Dabie terrane-SDT). Two types of eclogites from the SDT (Types III and IV) were selected for detailed paragenetic study. Type III eclogites, most abundant in the northern part of the SDT, occur as blocks in gneisses and marble and contain eclogitic assemblages of omphacite + garnet + phengite + epidote + coesite + kyanite + carbonate + rutile + ilmenite. These minerals exhibit weak compositional zoning and contain few mineral inclusions. Type IV eclogites, mostly in the southern part of the SDT, occur as coherent layers interbedded with gneisses and amphibolites and have assemblages of omphacite + garnet + glaucophane + kyanite + epidote + phengite + quartz + rutile + ilmenite. Garnets of Type IV eclogites exhibit a prograde compositional zoning and have mineral inclusions of paragonite, phengite, epidote, quartz, and rutile in the core and omphacite, barroisite, and Mg-katophorite in the rim. Prograde blueschist facies (~400°C) assemblages were partially preserved in Type IV eclogites. The eclogitic assemblages of both types of eclogite have been partially or completely retrograded to amphibolite and greenschist facies assemblages. Parageneses and compositions of minerals from eclogites indicate that these rocks have undergone a clockwise P-T evolution path. Within the SDT, the temperatures, estimated according to $$K_{D(Cpx-Gt)}$$ and $$K_{D(Gt-Phen)}$$ for eclogites, indicate a systematic decrease from about 770°C in the north to 580°C in the south. Such variation is also evident for pressure estimates, as coesite occurs only in eclogite in the north, whereas the assemblage omphacite + kyanite + quartz (without coesite) is found in the south. This study, together with ultrahigh-pressure mineral assemblages identified in the gneiss-marble country rock, suggests that the continental crust of the SDT has been subjected to a regional ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism as part of a north-dipping subduction zone formed between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons in Triassic time.
Race, Gender, and Spatial Segmentation in the Twin Cities∗

This study analyzes commuting trends in a relatively vibrant setting during the 1980s to determine (a) how labor market segmentation correlates with differences in the spatial dimensions of local labor markets, and (b) whether this link represents a direct spatial effect, independent of earnings, travel mode, and part-time work. I use 1980 and 1990 PUMS data to analyze changes in racial and gender divisions in the workforce, and I develop an estimate of work trip distance to adjust for different travel modes. For all groups except white men, employment in a job “typical” of one's gender and racial group is associated with more localized commutes, but this effect is strongly mediated by variations in earnings and part-time work. Using a covariance structure model to control for these effects, I find no independent link between segmentation and longer commutes among African Americans. Earnings and commute distances remained unchanged over the decade for African Americans, providing no evidence of a purely s.