Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resin infiltrate versus compomer as pit and fissure sealants of primary teeth

This study designed for the purpose of studying the Resin infiltration system in the form of ICON DMG® versus Compomer in the form of Compoglass Flow Ivoclar Vivadent® regarding their antibacterial effect against streptococcus mutans, clinical retention and their radiographic changes on underlying enamel and dentin when they both used as pits and fissure sealant Methodology: two hundred second primary molars from one hundred children were selected to deliver the two materials in the form of fissure sealant. They arranged in two groups. Both ICON and Compoglass flow applied in contra lateral sides according to the principles of split mouth technique design. The tested materials applied according to the manufacture instructions without modification for their technique of application. Result: Statistical analysis of the microbilogical and clinical data showed that Compoglass flow exhibits superior antibacterial results against streptococcus mutans and less bacterial adhesion were recorded on its surface compared to the -number of bacterial colonies adhered to the fissures sealed with ICON. These results attributed to the fluoride releasing power of Compoglass flow which has an obvious antibacterial action and affect the bacterial community. Meanwhile the statistical analysis of clinical retention scores of both materials reveled superior retention ability of ICON over Compoglass flow along the whole follow up periods. Conclusion: Compomer (Compoglass flow) has superior antibacterial effect against streptococcus mutans superior to resin infiltration (ICON). Resin infiltration (ICON) has a better clinical retention as a fissure sealant than Compomer (Compoglass flow).
Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing rice offal supplemented with enzyme

A feeding trial of six weeks was conducted to determine the effect of including rice offal supplemented with natuzyme on the performance of broilers. One hundred and seventy two 2 –week old broilers of mixed sexes were randomly allocated to four diets in a completely randomized design. The broiler chicks were allocated one of four diets containing either 0 (control), 5, 10, or 15% of rice offal. The starter diets were isonitrogenous (25% CP) but decreased in energy levels from 2,779.32 (Diet A), 2,747.73 (Diet B), 2,715.54 (Diet C) to 2,683.54kcal/kg ME (Diet D). The finisher diets were also isonitrogenous at 21% CP with each diet replicated three times. The energy levels of the finisher diet decreased from 2801.67 (diet A) to 2703.22 kcal/kg ME (diet D). The energy levels on diets B (2768.72) and C (2736.18) were higher than on diet D. All diets containing rice offal were supplemented with natuzyme at 100g/100kg feed. Overall result showed that feed intake was significantly lower (p<0.05) on the control (117.38g/bird/day) than on diets B (123.57), C (125.24) and D (123.97g/bird/day). Weight gain was significantly higher (p<0.05) on diet B (57.64g/bird) than on diets C (50.77) and D (46.88g/bird) respectively. Water intake was significantly lower (p<0.05) on the control (204.60mL/bird) than on diets B (240.44), C (231.86) and D (225.73mL/bird), respectively. Feed conversion ratio was significantly better (p<0.05) on diets A (2.36), B (2.23) and C (2.68) than on diet D (3.06) only. Feed cost/kg gain was significantly (p<0.05) better on diet A (N532.65) than on diets B (N666.75) and C (N688.92) only. Initial weight did not differ significantly across the diets but final weight was better (p<0.05) on diet B (2644.40g/bird) than on the control and other rice offal diets. Even though the control diet had lower feed intake, birds on diet B had better weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed cost/gain and final body weight than the control and other rice offal diets and is therefore, recommended. This is because rice offal based diet on diet B has a cost saving of 8.33% over the control diet.
COVID-19 and human rights: a new inseparable relationship

The COVID-19 pandemic is arguably the most severe pandemic of the last century and has completely transformed how people go about their lives. With a high infection rate and no known cure yet, different countries have had to adopt extraordinary measures to curtail the spread of the virus. In particular, multiple countries have imposed lockdowns. The lockdowns have inadvertently interfered with human rights previously enjoyed by people, such as freedom of movement and the right to food, water and sanitation.We conducted an exploratory, non-systemic review of peer-reviewed journal articles, published between 2015 and 2020. The explored databases included: Ebscohost, Google Scholar, Wiley, JAMA, Elsevier, Oxford, CDC and Medline/PubMed.Our review of the literature highlighted the importance of states adopting a human-rights-centric approach in their responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. Three main thematic dimensions of various nations’ responses to the Covid-19 were constructed to represent this review. The three are human rights, gender inequality and social stigma.Some of the reactions to the Covid-19 pandemic have brought about the infringement of human rights. While some of the measures are justified, there is a need to ensure that human rights are protected to prevent states of the world abusing executive orders and emergency powers. This need set aside, crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, usually affect men and women differently. Such crises may even exacerbate the existing gender inequalities in society. Therefore, this calls for governments to devise measures to protect vulnerable populations such as women and children during the pandemic.
Patient’s satisfaction at outpatient pharmacy department in Intermediate Hospital Oshakati, Oshana region, Namibia

Introduction: Patient waiting time Experience of waiting time in general is perceived as complex, subjective and culturally influenced. Complexity of prescription, few human resources and work process are the factors of patient waiting time in outpatient pharmacy departments (OPD). However, the complexity of wait time is poorly understood and has been explored only to a limited extent. Objective of the study: The main objective of this study is to assess patient satisfactions on waiting time at Intermediate Hospital Oshakati (IHO), northern part of Namibia. Method: The study was carried out at IHQuantitative descriptive design was employed and data collected was analyzed using Epi info version 7. Results: The mean waiting time in IHO was 36±20 minutes. More patients (49.2%) were satisfied with OPD pharmacy when the waiting time is between 5-25 minutes. The major factors associated with the satisfaction of services were shorter waiting time (0.01
Movements of egg-bearing American lobsters Homarus americanus during late stage brooding and hatching

Although the large-scale movements of ovigerous (egg-bearing) American lobsters have been well-studied, their finer scale movements before, and during, the time when their eggs hatch are poorly understood. In this study, acoustic telemetry was used to track 12 ovigerous lobsters, carrying late-stage eggs, near the Isles of Shoals in the southern Gulf of Maine. In the spring of 2016 and 2017, lobsters were captured, fitted with acoustic tags that transmitted both depth and activity data, and released within an array of receivers. Eleven of the 12 lobsters moved from relatively shallow water (12 m) to deeper water (>29 m) approximately 2 wk prior to the time when their eggs were predicted to hatch. Four of these lobsters were within the array when their eggs most likely hatched, while 8 left the array towards even deeper water (>35 m). These data, taken together with previous data from research traps, suggest that egg-bearing lobsters tend to move to deep water prior to the time when their eggs are due to hatch, which may be beneficial for the dispersal and survival of their larvae.
The Remarkably Tall Stature of Northern European Men during the Medieval Era

Based on a modest sample of skeletons from northern Europe, average heights fell from 173.4 centimeters in the early Middle Ages to a low of roughly 167 centimeters during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Taking the data at face value, this decline of approximately 6.4 centimeters substantially exceeds any prolonged downturns found during industrialization in several countries that have been studied. Significantly, recovery to levels achieved in the early Middle Ages was not attained until the early twentieth century. It is plausible to link the decline in average height to climate deterioration; growing inequality; urbanization and the expansion of trade and commerce, which facilitated the spread of diseases; fluctuations in population size that impinged on nutritional status; the global spread of diseases associated with European expansion and colonization; and conflicts or wars over state building or religion. Because it is reasonable to believe that greater exposure to pathogens accompanied urbanization and industrialization, and there is evidence of climate moderation, increasing efficiency in agriculture, and greater interregional and international trade in foodstuffs, it is plausible to link the reversal of the long-term height decline with dietary improvements.
A Conceptual Framework on IT Governance Impact on Organizational Performance: A Dynamic Capability Perspective

Recent years have seen substantial growth in Information Technology Governance (ITG) research. However, the influence of ITG on organizational performance has been less covered and very little theorized. To address this gap, the purpose of this paper is to build a conceptual framework to provide a better understanding of ITG contribution to organizational performance. Based on an extensive literature review on ITG and guided by the dynamic capabilities perspective, the proposed conceptual framework analyses the ITG – Organizational Performance relationship through the lenses of the dynamic capability perspective and generate a set of five research propositions. The proposed framework suggests that the effectiveness of ITG mechanisms (structures, processes, and relational mechanisms), contribute to the development of a dynamic ITG competence which has an impact on the development of IT management capabilities and their evolution. Moreover, the proposed conceptual framework suggests that ITG is more likely to lead to better organizational performance when IT management capabilities are developed in line with business strategy. Received: 30 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 November 2020/ Published: 17 January 2021
IMPACT OF ABIOTIC FACTORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON FUNCTIONAL HEALTH OF WOMEN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

The key importance in the origin and evolution of living things on Earth are abiotic environmental factors such as natural cosmoplanetary fields, which, according to many scientists, is a kind of synergistic cradle of humanity. The parameters of the physical fields in the Earth’s biosphere depend, first of all, on the dynamics of space processes. It is known that at each moment cosmogeophysical reality is determined by the activity of the Sun, the relative location of the planets, the phases of the moon, the position of the Earth in the sectoral structure of the interplanetary magnetic field, and galactic cosmic radiation. This determines the parameters of magnetic, electromagnetic, gravitational, acoustic, acoustic-gravitational, other information fields, the intensity of corpuscular flows, the electrical properties of the biosphere, in ЕКОЛОГІЯ
In-group versus Out-group Preferences in Intergroup Conﬂict: An Experiment

Individuals participating in a group conflict have different preferences, e.g., maximizing their own payoff, maximizing the group’s payoff, or defeating the rivals. When such preferences are present simultaneously, it is difficult to distinctly identify the impact of those preferences on conflict. In order to separate in-group and out-group preferences, we conduct an experiment in which human in-group or out-group players are removed while keeping the game strategically similar. Our design allows us to study (i) how effort in a group conflict vary due to in-group and out-group preferences, and (ii) how the impact of these preferences vary when the two groups have explicitly different social identities. The results of our experiment show that the presence of in-groups enhances concern about individual payoffs. A further presence of out-groups moderates the concern for individual payoffs through an additional concern for own group payoffs. The negative effect of the in-group preferences and the positive effect of the out-group preferences are weaker when group members have a common social identity.
Electrification of Waste Collection Vehicles: Technoeconomic Analysis Based on an Energy Demand Simulation Using Real-Life Operational Data

Waste transport plays an important role in the decarbonization of the transport sector. In this article, diesel-powered collections vehicle (dWCV) and electric waste collections vehicle (eWCV) and their operation are analyzed regarding energy demand and total cost of ownership (TCO) integrating well-to-wheel emission costs. Furthermore, an open-source simulation tool with a route synthetization approach is presented using extensive real-life operational data of five different route types. Determined WCV energy demand varies greatly between vehicle topologies and analyzed route types. eWCV shows a mean distance-specific energy demand of 1.85 kWh<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>km<sup>−1</sup>, while values for dWCV increase to 5.43 kWh<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>km<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The factors route distance and the number of waste containers collected show the highest influence on results. Therefore, battery capacity should be sized according to specific route types. eWCV shows higher TCO than dWCV under current economic constraints, but fuel price level and annual vehicle mileage show a high influence on economic feasibility. Taking the planned emissions price mechanism of the German Government into account, economic scenarios could be identified, which make eWCV advantageous yet in 2021. In technical terms, there is nothing to stop for the electrification of WCV, and with suitable political instruments, eWCV could become profitable in the short term.
Nurse-led Interventions, Adult Health Beliefs and Screening Behaviors toward Colorectal Cancer

Background: Colorectal cancer is common, the presenting symptoms are non-specific, and the stage of disease at diagnosis is closely related to survival. Regular screening reduces morbidity and mortality from this disease. The Health Belief Model posits that individuals are more likely to engage in preventive health behavior. Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led intervention on adults' health beliefs and screening behaviors toward colorectal cancer. Design: A quasi experimental design. Setting: This study was conducted in outpatients' clinics at Menoufia University hospital, Egypt. Sample: A purposive sample of 140 participants who were attended at pre-mentioned settings. Instruments: as following: I. Structured interviewing questionnaire, II: colorectal cancer awareness questionnaire. III: colorectal cancer Self-reported screening behavior questionnaire, IV: colorectal cancer Knowledge questionnaire. V: Health beliefs model questionnaire. Results: the mean age of the studied sample was 54.27± 7.271 and 52.129±6.324 for study and control groups respectively. Regarding to risk factors assessment 55.7% of study group and 65.7% of the control group has Low-fiber, protein-rich, and high fats in their diet. 80.0% of the study group and 84.3% of control group had negative family history for CRC. There was statistical improvement of total awareness score among study group (9.39±4.31) than those in control group (5.02±2.93) at post-intervention. The mean total behavior scores were 7.93±2.11 and 5.28±3.28 for study and control group respectively at post-intervention. There were statistical significance differences in total mean score of health belief model variables among study group at post intervention in which p value = . 000. Conclusion: Nurse led intervention had positive impact on adult health beliefs, screening behaviors also improving their knowledge and awareness regarding colorectal cancer. Recommendations: Designing effective nursing strategies to address barriers of CRC screening and improve CRC knowledge and awareness, which is critical to achieving greater screening compliance.
The Influence of Ag Thickness on the Electrical and Optical Properties of ZnO/Ag/SnO2 Tri-layer Films

Transparent and conductive ZnO/Ag/SnO2 (ZAS) tri-layer films were deposited onto glass substrates at room temperature by using radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. The thickness values of the ZnO and SnO2 thin films were kept constant at 50 nm and the value for Ag interlayer was varied as 5, 10, 15, and 20 nm. In the XRD pattern the diffraction peaks were identified as the (002) and (103) planes of ZnO, while the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes could be attributed to the Ag interlayer. The optical transmittance and electrical resistivity were dependent on the thickness of the Ag interlayer. The ZAS films with a 10 nm thick Ag interlayer exhibited a higher figure of merit than the other ZAS films prepared in this study. From the observed results, a ZAS film with a 10 nm thick Ag interlayer was believed to be an alternative transparent electrode candidate for various opto-electrical devices.
Compensatory Corneal Epithelial Thickness Changes after Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy Imaged with Ultra High Resolution AnteriorSegment Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose: To evaluate how corneal epithelium thickness changes after myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) relate to the magnitude of myopic correction, the diameter of the Optical Zone (OZ) and the incidence of regression in the early postoperative period. Setting: Tertiary referral center Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 11 patients with mean manifest spherical equivalent of -4.75 ± 1.69 D underwent PRK between November 2016 and March 2017. Epithelial thickness profiles were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3 and 6 month’s postoperatively using ultra-high resolution anterior segment OCT. The relationship between post-operative epithelial thickness changes and the magnitude of myopic correction, the OZ diameter and the refractive outcomes was investigated prospectively. Results: Central epithelial thickening progressed during the first three postoperative months (p=0.045, between first and third postoperative month) and stabilized thereafter (p=0.980, between third and sixth postoperative month). A corresponding myopic shift of 0.13 D and an increase in mean K by 0.65 D were observed at three months postoperatively, which remained stable thereafter and did not affect the final refractive outcomes (mean postoperative spherical equivalent 0.14 ± 0.40 D). Central epithelial thickness increased proportionally with the amount of myopia treated (r=0.41, p=0.04) and reversely with the ablation zone diameter (r=-0.39, p=0.04). Conclusion: Corneal epithelial hyperplasia after myopic PRK is dependent on the preoperative myopic error and ablation zone diameter. Epithelial hyperplasia-induced regression did not have a negative effect on the overall refractive outcome. Synopsis: The degree of epithelial thickening and hyperopic shift post-PRK depends on the preoperative refraction and the optical zone diameter. The subsequent regression does not negatively affect the refractive outcome.
Enhancement of magnetic circular dichroism in bi-layered ZnO-Bi:YIG thin films

Bi-layered zinc oxide (ZnO) and bismuth substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG) was fabricated and magneto-optically investigated. Enhancement of Faraday rotation and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) was observed. The wavelength of MCD enhancement was in good agreement with exciton wavelength of ZnO. This enhancement was only observed in the bi-layer, and implies that the exciton generated in ZnO interacted with Bi:YIG. Because the exciton wavelength of ZnO can be controlled by electro-optic effect, this result has the potential for realizing voltage control of magneto-optic effect.
Management Control System In University Libraries : Challenges and Remedies

Management control system is an essential process by which all members of the organisation work as team to achieve a better output and improved service delivery. Despite the importance of management control system, university libraries in South East, Nigeria seem to have issues with its application. This study investigated management control system, issues and prospects in university libraries. The main purpose of this study was to assess the management control system and challenges associated with its application in university libraries in South East, Nigeria. The research design adopted was descriptive survey design. The population of the study was 163 librarians in federal and state university libraries in South-East, Nigeria, and was all used without sampling as the number was considered manageable. The instrument used in gathering data for the study is questionnaire which was analysed using mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed that university libraries employed performance appraisal system, duties rotation system, controlled activities system and regulation of staff attendance. Result also showed that management control system contributes to effective job performance by enabling employees to understand their job expectations and encourages librarians' attitude to work. Challenges associated with utilising management control system include lack of adequate staff development, training and effective communication. Strategies for enhancing management control system in university libraries include adequate financial support to libraries to enable them acquire necessary facilities in order to achieve effective management control system, frequent training and development programme. The researcher recommended that federal and state governments should make funds available to university libraries to enable them adopt effective management control system and procure facilities and resources to enhance job performance.
Loading Rates of Dust and Bioburden in Dwellings in an Inland City of Southern Europe

Sampling campaigns indoors have shown that occupants exposed to contaminated air generally exhibit diverse health outcomes. This study intends to assess the deposition rates of total settleable dust and bioburden in the indoor air of dwellings onto quartz fiber filters and electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs), respectively. EDC extracts were inoculated onto malt extract agar (MEA) and dichloran glycerol (DG18) agar-based media used for fungal contamination characterization, while tryptic soy agar (TSA) was applied for total bacteria assessment, and violet red bile agar (VRBA) for Gram-negative bacteria. Azole-resistance screening and molecular detection by qPCR was also performed. Dust loading rates ranged from 0.111 to 3.52, averaging 0.675 μg cm−2 day−1. Bacterial counts ranged from undetectable to 16.3 colony-forming units (CFU) m−2 day−1 and to 2.95 CFU m−2 day−1 in TSA and VRBA, respectively. Fungal contamination ranged from 1.97 to 35.4 CFU m−2 day−1 in MEA, and from undetectable to 48.8 CFU m−2 day−1 in DG18. Penicillium sp. presented the highest prevalence in MEA media (36.2%) and Cladosporium sp. in DG18 (39.2%). It was possible to observe: (a) settleable dust loadings and fungal contamination higher in dwellings with pets; (b) fungal species considered indicators of harmful fungal contamination; (c) Aspergillus section Candidi identified in supplemented media with voriconazole and posaconazole; (d) specific housing typologies and (e) specific housing characteristics influencing the microbial contamination.