Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3D shape measurement of automotive glass by using a fringe reflection technique

In automotive and glass making industries, there is a need for accurately measuring the 3D shapes of reflective surfaces to speed up and ensure product development and manufacturing quality by using non-contact techniques. This paper describes a technique for the measurement of non-full-field reflective surfaces of automotive glass by using a fringe reflection technique. Physical properties of the measurement surfaces do not allow us to apply optical geometries used in existing techniques for surface measurement based upon direct fringe pattern illumination. However, this property of surface reflectivity can be used to implement similar ideas from existing techniques in a new improved method. In other words, the reflective surface can be used as a mirror to reflect illuminated fringe patterns onto a screen behind. It has been found that in the case of implementing the reflective fringe technique, the phase-shift distribution depends not only on the height of the object but also on the slope at each measurement point. This requires the solving of differential equations to find the surface slope and height distributions in the x and y directions and development of the additional height reconstruction algorithms. The main focus has been made on developing a mathematical model of the optical sub-system and discussing ways for its practical implementation including calibration procedures. A number of implemented image processing algorithms for system calibration and data analysis are discussed and two experimental results are given for automotive glass surfaces with different shapes and defects. The proposed technique showed the ability to provide accurate non-destructive measurement of 3D shapes of the reflective automotive glass surfaces and can be used as a key element for a glass shape quality control system on-line or in a laboratory environment.
Suitable Models for Describing Sulphate Desorption Kinetics in Selected Bauchi North Soils of Varying Parent Materials in the Nigerian Sudan Savanna

The modelling of sulphate desorption data is critical for a proper S diagnosis and fertilizer formulation to ensure profitable crop production. Five (5) models such as first-order, second-order, Elovich, fractional power, and parabolic diffusion were used to test the best model describing sulphate desorption kinetics in some soils from Bauchi-north, Sudan Savanna, Nigeria. To achieve this, soil samples were collected from three different parent materials namely Basement complex rock and two sedimentary rocks (Kerri-Kerri Formation and Chad Formation). The study showed that the parabolic diffusion and first-order models were found to describe S desorption data satisfactorily, characterized by relatively high R2 values and lowest S.E values by soil parent materials, respectively. While, the second-order, Elovich and Fractional power equations failed to describe the kinetics desorption of sulphate in all the studied soils, as judged by their high SE values. Therefore, the better fit of S desorption data to the first-order equation is an indication of probable ligand exchange of sulphate ion during the desorption process, and to parabolic diffusion equation suggests that diffusion-controlled phenomena are rate-limiting steps. Based on the findings, we concluded that the rate of sulphate desorption kinetics in these soils is mainly controlled by diffusion-controlled phenomena, which is critical for sulphate-based fertilizer formulations and applications.
Atomic ordering in molecular beam epitaxial InAsySb1−y natural strained layer superlattices and homogeneous layers

Transmission electron microscope studies were made of CuPt‐type ordering in molecular beam epitaxial InAsySb1−y natural strained layer superlattices and homogeneous layers grown at temperatures in the range 295–470 °C. Ordering occurs with a maximum at a growth temperature of 370–400 °C, individual (111) and (111) ordered domains up to 10 nm in size are present, and there is a modulation of periodicity 3 d110 within the layers, where d110 is the (110) lattice spacing. The latter correlates with a [2×3] atomic surface reconstruction present during growth.
Consistent Smooth Bootstrap Kernel Intensity Estimation for Inhomogeneous Spatial Poisson Point Processes

Non‐parametric estimation and bootstrap techniques play an important role in many areas of Statistics. In the point process context, kernel intensity estimation has been limited to exploratory analysis because of its inconsistency, and some consistent alternatives have been proposed. Furthermore, most authors have considered kernel intensity estimators with scalar bandwidths, which can be very restrictive. This work focuses on a consistent kernel intensity estimator with unconstrained bandwidth matrix. We propose a smooth bootstrap for inhomogeneous spatial point processes. The consistency of the bootstrap mean integrated squared error (MISE) as an estimator of the MISE of the consistent kernel intensity estimator proves the validity of the resampling procedure. Finally, we propose a plug‐in bandwidth selection procedure based on the bootstrap MISE and compare its performance with several methods currently used through both as a simulation study and an application to the spatial pattern of wildfires registered in Galicia (Spain) during 2006.
Coupled Radiation and Double Diffusive Convection in Nongray Air-CO2 and Air-H2O Mixtures in Cooperating Situations

This study highlights the interaction between gas radiation and double diffusive convection in cooperating cases. We consider a square differentially-heated cavity filled with nongray air-CO2 or air-H2O mixtures. The governing equations are solved by a finite-difference method. The radiative sources are evaluated by the discrete ordinates method associated to the SLW spectral model. Results obtained for two average concentrations of CO2 and H2O (10% and 25%) show that radiation influences the temperature and concentration fields by creating oblique stratifications. The Nusselt numbers are decreased, whereas the Sherwood numbers are only slightly reduced. These effects are accentuated in air-H2O mixtures.
Cluster Algebras of Type A ( 1 ) 2

In this paper we study cluster algebras A of type A ( 1 ) 2 . We solve the recurrence relations among the cluster variables (which form a T-system of type A ( 1 ) 2 ). We solve the recurrence relations among the coefficients of A (which form a Y-system of type A ( 1 ) 2 ). In A there is a natural notion of positivity. We find linear bases B of A such that positive linear combinations of elements of B coincide with the cone of positive elements. We call these bases atomic bases of A . These are the analogue of the “canonical bases” found by Sherman and Zelevinsky in type A ( 1 ) 1 . Every atomic basis consists of cluster monomials together with extra elements. We provide explicit expressions for the elements of such bases in every cluster. We prove that the elements of B are parameterized by Z 3 via their g -vectors in every cluster. We prove that the denominator vector map in every acyclic seed of A restricts to a bijection between B and Z 3 . We find explicit recurrence relations to express every element of A as linear combinations of elements of B .
Uniformity pattern and related criteria for two-level factorials

In this paper, the study of projection properties of two-level factorials in view of geometry is reported. The concept of uniformity pattern is defined. Based on this new concept, criteria of uniformity resolution and minimum projection uniformity are proposed for comparing two-level factorials. Relationship between minimum projection uniformity and other criteria such as minimum aberration, generalized minimum aberration and orthogonality is made explict. This close relationship raises the hope of improving the connection between uniform design theory and factorial design theory. Our results provide a justification of orthogonality, minimum aberration, and generalized minimum aberration from a natural geometrical interpretation.
The H2 line profiles in the Cygnus Loop : evidence for J-shocks with magnetic precursors

We have obtained infrared Fabry-Perot spectra at 25 km s −1 resolution of the H 2 line emission associated with the fast shocks to the NE of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant. Profiles of the 1-0 S(1) H 2 emission associated with both the optically bright radiative shocks and the faint nonradiative shocks have been observed. The profiles are resolved and have deconvolved widths of 20 km s −1 . This result favors excitation of the H 2 emission in a magnetic precursor over excitation by a radiative precursor. Shocks with precursors may play an important role in Herbig-Haro objects, and in star-forming cloud cores
On Hochschild Cohomology of Preprojective Algebras, I

Abstract We study the Hochschild cohomology of a finite-dimensional preprojective algebra; this is periodic by a result of A. Schofield. We determine the ring structure of the Hochschild cohomology ring given by the Yoneda product. As a result we obtain an explicit presentation by generators and relations.
Kirillov–Reshetikhin Crystals B 1,s for (cid:2) sl n Using Nakajima Monomials

We give a realization of the Kirillov–Reshetikhin crystal B 1 ,s using Nakajima monomials for (cid:2) sl n using the crystal structure given by Kashiwara. We describe the tensor product (cid:3) Ni = 1 B 1 ,s i in terms of a shift of indices, allowing us to recover the Kyoto path model. Additionally, we give a model for the KR crystals B r, 1 using Nakajima monomials.
Some new international comparisons of productivity performance at the sectoral level

Summary. We present several new measures of gross‐output‐based total factor productivity (TFP) at the sectoral level for manufacturing industries in the G‐7 economies. We calculate measures of both TFP growth and comparative levels. These are obtained by combining conventional Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development sectoral data on labour and capital inputs with data on intermediate inputs from national input–output tables. Additionally, we derive cyclically corrected measures of TFP growth. Our evidence shows that the considerable gap in TFP between the USA and other G‐7 economies is closing but remains significant.
J H -REGULAR BOREL MEASURES ON LOCALLY COMPACT ABELIAN GROUPS

Let G be an LCA group, H a closed subgroup, Γ the dual group of G . In accordance with analogous notions in prediction theory the classes of J H -regular and J H -singular Borel measures on Γ are deﬁned. A characterization of J H -regular measures is given and a Wold type decomposition is obtained. Relations to the Whittaker–Shannon–Kotel’nikov theorem are discussed.
Properties of the average distribution of equatorial Kelvin waves investigated by ray tracing techniques

Properties of the average distribution of equatorial Kelvin waves investigated by ray tracing techniques M. Ern, H. -K. Cho, P. Preusse, and S. D. Eckermann Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea E.O. Hulburt Center, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA Received: 16 March 2009 – Accepted: 23 May 2009 – Published: 11 June 2009 Correspondence to: M. Ern (m.ern@fz-juelich.de) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
Planetary wave modes in the thermocline: Non‐Doppler‐shift mode, advective mode and Green mode

A quasi‐geostrophic theory is proposed for planetary waves in the extratropical thermocline. It is shown that planetary wave propagation, structure and stability can be affected significantly by the mean thermocline flow. One major planetary wave mode is the non‐Doppler‐shift mode, which resembles the first baroclinic mode and has a strong signature in both the sea surface height and the bottom of the thermocline. This mode propagates westward regardless of the mean flow. However, consistent with recent works, the westward propagation speed can be modestly enhanced by the mean flow. Another major planetary wave mode is the advective mode which bears some resemblance to the second baroclinic mode and has a strong signature in the upper thermocline temperature field.
A note on the theoretical foundations of particle tracking methods in heterogeneous porous media

In this technical note the stochastic process for the path of particles undergoing convection dispersion in a heterogeneous media with sharp interfaces is derived. The derived process is shown to correspond to the numerical particle tracking scheme introduced on a more heuristic basis by Hoteit et al. (2002) who validated the accuracy of their numerical method in controlled laboratory experiments. Specifically, it is shown that in the direction transverse to the flow U(y) and across an interface where the diffusion coefficient is discontinuous the stochastic particle path t → Y*(t) is given by a rescaled version of Itô and McKean's (1963) α‐skew Brownian motion for a uniquely determined value of α that depends on the values of the diffusion coefficient at either side of the interface. These results help supply a theoretical foundation that supports the numerical schemes and experimental findings of Hoteit et al. (2002).
The cohomology algebras of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras

The cohomology algebra of a finite dimensional graded connected cocommutative biassociative Hopf algebra over a field K is shown to be a finitely generated K-algebra. Counterexamples to the analogue of a result of Quillen (that nonnilpotent cohomology classes should have nonzero restriction to some abelian sub-Hopf algebra) are constructed, but an elementary proof of the validity of this "detection principle" for the special case of finite sub-Hopf algebras of the mod 2 Steenrod algebra is given. As an application, an explicit formula for the Krull dimension of the cohomology algebras of the finite skeletons of the mod 2 Steenrod algebra is given. If A is an augmented algebra over the field K, the cohomology algebra H*(A) is defined as ExtA(K, K). If A is finite dimensional as a K-vector space, H*(A) may still fail to be a finitely generated K-algebra, e.g., Lofwall [12]. However, if A = K[G], the group algebra of a finite group, then H*(A) is finitely generated, Evens [6] and Venkov [21]. Cocommutative Hopf algebras are one generalization of group algebras, and connected graded cocommutative Hopf algebras are closely analogous to finite p-groups. It is the intent of this work to push this analogy as far as possible. The first positive result is that finite generation holds in this context also (all Hopf algebras mentioned in this work are biassociative and either commutative or cocommutative). THEOREM A. If A * is a finite dimensional graded connected cocommutative K-Hopf algebra, then H**(A*) = ExtA* (K, K) is a finitely generated K-algebra. The strategy of the proof is essentially that developed by Adams [1] and Liulevicius [10] for the computation of the cohomology of small sub-Hopf algebras of the Steenrod algebras. One resolves A * as a sequence of iterated central extensions of Hopf algebras. Each such extension has an associated spectral sequence, and some hold on the differentials is provided by the transgression theorem relating Steenrod operations on the "fiber" and "base". The only philosophical difference between the present plan and that of [1], [10] is that precise computational results are sacrificed for the sake of generality. Received by the editors December 10, 1979. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 55G10, 55F35, 55H99, 55J99, 57F05, 18A24, 18H15.
Topographically controlled, breaking-wave-induced macrovortices. Part 2. Changing geometries

This is the second part of a series examining the behaviour of breaking-wave-induced macrovortices. The first part examined theoretically general behaviours during startup conditions, and gave computational results for macrovortex generation and their evolution on widely spaced breakwaters. In this paper, we extend and test qualitatively and quantitatively some of the basic results of Part 1, in particular the initial longshore vortex transport for a wide range of geometries ranging from narrow rip current topographies to isolated breakwaters. Accounting for the presence of a shoreline is found to be necessary for the representation of longshore vortex transport. Results show vortex motion ranging from strongly offshore in the case of a narrow rip current, to strongly longshore in the case of an isolated breakwater. Even with the significant approximations inherent in the analytical predictions, numerical computations using time-domain Boussinesq-type equations and laboratory experiments confirm the trends. Part 3 examines the horizontal mixing features of wave-induced flows over isolated (single-breakwater configuration) or multiple (rip-current configuration) submerged structures.
Therapeutic Targeting of FLT3 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Status and Novel Approaches

Abstract FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is mutated in approximately 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The presence of FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplication, 20–25%) mutation and, to a lesser extent, FLT3-TKD (tyrosine kinase domain, 5–10%) mutation is associated with poorer diagnosis and therapy response since the leukemic cells become hyperproliferative and resistant to apoptosis after continuous activation of FLT3 signaling. Targeting FLT3 has been the focus of many pre-clinical and clinical studies. Hence, many small-molecule FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3is) have been developed, some of which are approved such as midostaurin and gilteritinib to be used in different clinical settings, either in combination with chemotherapy or alone. However, many questions regarding the best treatment strategy remain to be answered. On the other hand, various FLT3-dependent and -independent resistance mechanisms could be evolved during FLT3i therapy which limit their clinical impact. Therefore, identifying molecular mechanisms of resistance and developing novel strategies to overcome this obstacle is a current interest in the field. In this review, recent studies of approved FLT3i and knowledge about major resistance mechanisms of clinically approved FLT3i’s will be discussed together with novel treatment approaches such as designing novel FLT3i and dual FLT3i and combination strategies including approved FLT3i plus small-molecule agents targeting altered molecules in the resistant cells to abrogate resistance. Moreover, how to choose an appropriate FLT3i for the patients will be summarized based on what is currently known from available clinical data. In addition, strategies beyond FLT3i’s including immunotherapeutics, small-molecule FLT3 degraders, and flavonoids will be summarized to highlight potential alternatives in FLT3-mutated AML therapy.
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Two Commercial Artificial Tears Between 0.18% and 0.3% Sodium Hyaluronate for Corneal Epithelial Healing in Pterygium Excision with Conjunctival Autograft Transplantation: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose To compare the efficacy, safety, and rate of healing on the corneal epithelial defect after pterygium surgery through the application of either 0.18% or 0.3% sodium hyaluronate (SH). Methods A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was performed on patients who had pterygium surgery. Eighty-six patients were randomized to 2 groups that would receive either 0.18% SH or 0.3% SH. Measurements of area of the corneal epithelial defect using ImageJ freeware were performed. All corneal epithelial defects were measured immediately after the operation (Day 0) and for the next 3 days. Results The mean and SD of the area of corneal epithelial defect measured on postoperative Day 0, 1, and 2 were 9.13 ± 3.09 mm2, 5.61 ± 3.26 mm2, and 3.39 ± 2.70 mm2 for 0.18% SH group, and 8.96 ± 3.17 mm2, 4.03 ± 1.99 mm2, and 1.55 ± 1.23 mm2 for 0.3% SH group. There was no statistically significant difference of the initial area of the corneal epithelial defect on Day 0 between 0.18% and 0.3% SH group (p = 0.802). The area of the defects in the 0.3% SH group was significantly smaller than that of the 0.18% SH group on both Day 1 and Day 2 (p = 0.007, p < 0.001), respectively. Similarly, the 0.3% SH group exhibited a statistically significant higher (p < 0.001) rate of healing of the corneal epithelial defect over days 0 and 1 (4.94 ± 2.16 mm²/day) when compared to that of the 0.18% SH group (3.53 ± 1.66 mm²/day). Conclusion With two commercial artificial tears, the corneal epithelial wound healing after pterygium surgery was faster in the 0.3% SH group than that of the 0.18% SH group. Superiority of 0.3% SH may be supported by the presence of epsilon-aminocaproic acid in this drug preparation. No significant adverse effects were exhibited during the short-term follow-up.
Huoxue Jiangtang Decoction Alleviates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Regulating the Oral Microbiota and Food Preferences

Purpose As a formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Huoxue Jiangtang Decoction (HJD) has positive effects on diabetes mellitus (DM) through improving of the metabolism of glycolipid and the function of β-cell. Hence, this research aims to explore the potential therapeutic effects of HJD on diabetes and reveal its underlying mechanisms. Methods Diabetic rat models induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) were included in this study. Following successful modeling, diabetic rats were treated with HJD, and then its therapeutic effects in eight weeks were evaluated. In addition to biochemical indicators, two-bottle preference tests were carried out to examine the rats’ preferences for fat and sugar, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to disclose the differences of oral microbiota among groups. Finally, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to explore the correlation between oral microbiota and the preferences for fat and sugar. Results It was found that HJD significantly improved the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucose tolerance, and dyslipidemia. Additionally, HJD contributed to decreasing preferences for fat and sugar in diabetic rats, which plays an important role in food intake. Furthermore, HJD regulated the abundance, distribution, and structure of oral microbiota in diabetic rats, serving as one of the underlying mechanisms of its antidiabetic effects. Conclusion Taken with other formulas, HJD functions to improve the metabolism of glycolipid and the function of β-cell by inhibiting preferences for fat and sugar, as well as regulating the oral microbiota of diabetic rats. Furthermore, a potential correlation between the oral micro-environment and preferences for fat and sugar in STZ-induced diabetic rats is likely to exist.