Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Tuberculosis in the elderly: concept analysis].

The goal of this study is to define the concept of tuberculosis in the elderly expressed in the literature covering the 80s and 90s. We have used concept analysis with emphasis on "essential attributes" "preceding events and "consequential events" which build up the core sense of the concept to be defined. The elderly tuberculosis is expressed as the recrudescence of infection inactivated for a long time. The elderly is predispose to endogenous and exogenous reinfection. Among the most important "preceding" events are the institutional housing as a contact disease source. The "consequential" events are related to the need of a differentiate treatment and diagnostic in elderly due clinical conditions. We arrive at the conclusion that new studies about the concept analysis need to be developed in order to contribute to the knowledge about the diagnosis treatment and care to elderly patients. (authors)
'Electronium': a quantum atomic teaching model

For many students, learning quantum atomic models raises difficulties that result from the major differences between quantum-mechanical perspectives and the classical physics view. After being taught the probability atomic model, which is traditionally introduced in Germany in upper secondary school (age 18-19), the understandings of the overwhelming majority of students differ significantly from the intended learning outcomes. An alternative atomic model, the descriptive quantum atomic model `Electronium', is outlined in this paper, and the way in which it is intended to support students in learning quantum-mechanical concepts is discussed.
Prevalência e distribuição espacial de defeitos do tubo neural no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, antes e após a fortificação de farinhas com ácido fólico

Estudo transversal que analisou prevalencia e distribuicao espacial de defeitos do tubo neural, antes e apos a fortificacao das farinhas de trigo e milho com acido folico no Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil, com uso do Sistema de Informacoes sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). Sao apresentadas prevalencias segundo caracteristicas maternas por meio de odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de 95% de confianca (IC95%). Para analise temporal e espacial, foram utilizados, respectivamente, regressao polinomial e mapas com suavizacao bayesiana empirica. A prevalencia diminuiu 35%, de 0,57 para 0,37 por mil nascidos vivos apos a fortificacao (OR = 0,65; IC95%: 0,59-0,72). Verificou-se reducao para mulheres de todas as idades (exceto < 15 anos), com mais de tres anos de estudo e sete consultas ou mais de pre-natal. Confirmou-se reducao temporal na maior parte do estado, exceto alguns municipios do oeste. Outros aspectos podem ter contribuido para o declinio observado, porem os resultados reiteram a fortificacao de farinhas como medida importante para prevencao de defeitos do tubo neural. Outras analises devem ser realizadas para justificar resultado inverso no oeste paulista.
Re: Retrotrapezoid nucleus: a litmus test for the identification of central chemoreceptors

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Comparative full-scale fire performance testing of ETICS systems

A full-scale test has been performed to determine fire performance of different ETICS systems (combustible insulation, combustible insulation with fire barrier, noncombustible insulation). Test specimens were constructed and tested according to BS 8414-1:2002, while additional measurements were also conducted to obtain valuable information for better understanding of fire performance of systems used. U ovom radu prikazano je ispitivanje fasadnih sustava u stvarnoj velicini. Ispitivanje je provedeno s ciljem usporedbe ponasanja ETICS sustava s razlicitim toplinsko izolacijskim slojem (goriva izolacija, goriva izolacija s protupožarnom barijerom od negorivog materijala, negoriva izolacija) u uvjetima požara. Uzorci su izrađeni i ispitani u skladu s normom BS 8414-1:2002, a provedena su i dodatna mjerenja kako bi se dobili bitni podaci koji omogucuju bolje razumijevanje ponasanja ETICS sustava u požaru.
Random Dynamics

The goal of random dynamics is the derivation of the laws of Nature as we know them (standard model) from inessential assumptions. The inessential assumptions made here are expressed as sets of general models at extremely high energies: gauge glass and spacetime foam. Both sets of models lead tentatively to the standard model.
Kinetic equations for baryogenesis via sterile neutrino oscillation

We investigate baryogenesis in the νMSM (neutrino Minimal Standard Model), which is the SM extended by three right-handed neutrinos with masses below the electroweak scale. The baryon asymmetry of the universe can be generated by the mechanism via flavor oscillation of right-handed (sterile) neutrinos which are responsible to masses of active neutrinos confirmed by various experiments. We present the kinetic equations for the matrix of densities of leptons which describe the generation of asymmetries. Especially, the momentum dependence of the matrix of densities is taken into account. By solving these equations numerically, it is found that the momentum distribution is significantly distorted from the equilibrium one, since the production for the modes with lower momenta k << T (T is the temperature of the universe) is enhanced, while suppressed for higher modes. As a result, the most important mode for the yields of sterile neutrinos as well as the baryon asymmetry is k ≃ 2T, which is smaller than ⟨k⟩ inferred from the thermal average. The comparison with the previous works is also discussed.
Lyman-α constraints on warm and on warm-plus-cold dark matter models

We revisit Lyman-α bounds on the dark matter mass in Λ Warm Dark Matter (ΛWDM) models, and derive new bounds in the case of mixed Cold plus Warm models (ΛCWDM), using a set up which is a good approximation for several theoretically well-motivated dark matter models. We combine WMAP5 results with two different Lyman-α data sets, including observations from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We pay a special attention to systematics, test various possible sources of error, and compare the results of different statistical approaches. Expressed in terms of the mass of a non-resonantly produced sterile neutrino, our bounds read mNRP ⩾ 8 keV (frequentist 99.7% confidence limit) or mNRP ⩾ 12.1 keV (Bayesian 95% credible interval) in the pure ΛWDM limit. For the mixed model, we obtain limits on the mass as a function of the warm dark matter fraction FWDM. Within the mass range studied here (5 keV < mNRP < ∞), we find that any mass value is allowed when FWDM < 0.6 (frequentist 99.7% confidence limit); similarly, the Bayesian joint probability on (FWDM, 1/mNRP) allows any value of the mass at the 95% confidence level, provided that FWDM < 0.35.
Gamma-ray bursts as cosmological probes: ΛCDM vs. conformal gravity

ΛCDM, for the currently preferred cosmological density Ω0 and cosmological constant ΩΛ, predicts that the Universe expansion decelerates from early times to redshift z ≈ 0.9 and accelerates at later times. On the contrary, the cosmological model based on conformal gravity predicts that the cosmic expansion has always been accelerating. To distinguish between these two very different cosmologies, we resort to gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which have been suggested to probe the Universe expansion history at z > 1, where identified type Ia supernovae (SNe) are rare. We use the full Bayesian approach to infer the cosmological parameters and the additional parameters required to describe the GRB data available in the literature. For the first time, we use GRBs as cosmological probes without any prior information from other data. In addition, when we combine the GRB samples with SNe, our approach neatly avoids all the inconsistencies of most numerous previous methods that are plagued by the so-called circularity problem. In fact, when analyzed properly, current data are consistent with distance moduli of GRBs and SNe that can respectively be, in a variant of conformal gravity, ∼ 15 and ∼ 3 magnitudes fainter than in ΛCDM. Our results indicate that the currently available SN and GRB samples are accommodated equally well by both ΛCDM and conformal gravity and do not exclude a continuous accelerated expansion. We conclude that GRBs are currently far from being effective cosmological probes, as they are unable to distinguish between these two very different expansion histories.
Factor analysis with a priori knowledge - application in dynamic cardiac SPECT

Two factor analysis of dynamic structures (FADS) methods for the extraction of time-activity curves (TACs) from cardiac dynamic SPECT data sequences were investigated. One method was based on a least squares (LS) approach which was subject to positivity constraints. The other method was the well known apex-seeking (AS) method. A post-processing step utilizing a priori information was employed to correct for the non-uniqueness of the FADS solution. These methods were used to extract 99mTc-teboroxime TACs from computer simulations and from experimental canine and patient studies. In computer simulations, the LS and AS methods, which are completely different algorithms, yielded very similar and accurate results after application of the correction for non-uniqueness. FADS-obtained blood curves correlated well with curves derived from region of interest (ROI) measurements in the experimental studies. The results indicate that the factor analysis techniques can be used for semi-automatic estimation of activity curves derived from cardiac dynamic SPECT images, and that they can be used for separation of physiologically different regions in dynamic cardiac SPECT studies.
Ameliorates Murine Experimental Colitis Cytoplasm via Phosphorylated SHP-2 Selective Sequestration of STAT1 in the

The side effects of current immunosuppressive drugs have impeded the development of therapies for immune diseases. Selective regulation of STAT signaling is an attractive strategy for treating immune disorders. In this study, we used a small-molecule compound to explore possible means of targeting STAT1 for the treatment of Th1-mediated inﬂammation. Selective regulation of STAT1 signaling in T cells from C57BL/6 mice was accomplished using fusaruside, a small-molecule compound that triggers the tyrosine phosphorylation of Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2). The interaction of tyrosine phosphorylated SHP-2 (pY-SHP-2) with cytosolic STAT1 prevented the recruitment of STAT1 to IFN- g R and speciﬁcally inhibited STAT1 signaling, resulting in a reduction in Th1 cytokine production and an improvement in 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. Blocking the pY-SHP-2–STAT1 interaction, with SHP-2 inhibitor NSC-87877 or using T cells from conditional SHP-2 knockout mice, reversed the effects of fusaruside, resulting in STAT1 activation and worsened colitis. The fusaruside-induced ability of pY-SHP-2 to selectively sequestrate STAT1 from recruitment to the receptor is independent of its function as a phosphatase, demonstrating a novel role for SHP-2 in regulating both STAT1 signaling and Th1-type immune responses. These ﬁndings could lead to increased options for the treatment of Crohn’s disease and other Th1-mediated inﬂammatory diseases. The Journal of Immunology
Primordial helium and the cosmic background radiation

The products of primordial nucleosynthesis, along with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons, are relics from the early evolution of the Universe whose observations probe the standard model of cosmology and provide windows on new physics beyond the standard models of cosmology and of particle physics. According to the standard, hot big bang cosmology, long before any stars have formed a significant fraction ( ∼ 25%) of the baryonic mass in the Universe should be in the form of helium-4 nuclei. Since current observations of 4He are restricted to low redshift regions where stellar nucleosynthesis has occurred, an observation of high redshift, prestellar, truly primordial 4He would constitute a fundamental test of the hot, big bang cosmology. At recombination, long after big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) has ended, the temperature anisotropy spectrum imprinted on the CMB depends on the 4He abundance through its connection to the electron density and the effect of the electron density on Silk damping. Since the relic abundance of 4He is relatively insensitive to the universal density of baryons, but is sensitive to a non-standard, early Universe expansion rate, the primordial mass fraction of 4He, Yp, offers a test of the consistency of the standard models of BBN and the CMB and, provides constraints on non-standard physics. Here, the WMAP seven year data (supplemented by other CMB experiments), which lead to an indirect determination of Yp at high redshift, are compared to the BBN predictions and to the independent, direct observations of 4He in low redshift, extragalactic HII regions. At present, given the very large uncertainties in the CMB-determined primordial 4He abundance (as well as for the helium abundances inferred from HII region observations), any differences between the BBN predictions and the CMB observations are small, at a level ⪅1. 5σ.
Attenuation and localization of wave propagation in rods with periodic shunted piezoelectric patches

Shunted piezoelectric patches are periodically placed along rods to control the longitudinal wave propagation in these rods. The resulting periodic structure is capable of filtering the propagation of waves over specified frequency bands called stop bands. The location and width of the stop bands can be tuned, using the shunting capabilities of the piezoelectric materials, in response to external excitations and to compensate for any structural uncertainty. A mathematical model is developed to predict the response of a rod with periodic shunted piezoelectric patches and to identify its stop band characteristics. The model accounts for the aperiodicity, introduced by proper tuning of the shunted electrical impedance distribution along the rod. Disorder in the periodicity typically extends the stop bands into adjacent propagation zones and, more importantly, produces the localization of the vibration energy near the excitation source. The conditions for achieving localized vibration are established and the localization factors are evaluated for different levels of disorder on the shunting parameters. The numerical predictions demonstrate the effectiveness and potentials of the proposed treatment that requires no control energy and combines the damping characteristics of shunted piezoelectric films, the attenuation potentials of periodic structures, and the localization capabilities of aperiodic structures. The theoretical investigations presented in this paper provide the guidelines for designing tunable periodic structures with high control flexibility where propagating waves can be attenuated and localized.
Testing the (generalized) Chaplygin gas model with the lookback time-redshift data

The Chaplygin gas (CG) and the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) models, proposed as candidates of the unified dark matter-dark energy (UDME), are tested with the look-back time (LT) redshift data. We find that the LT data only give a very weak constraint on the model parameter. However, by combing the LT with the baryonic acoustic oscillation peak, we obtain, at the 95.4% confidence level, 0.68 ⩽ Ac ⩽ 0.82 and 0.59 ⩽ h ⩽ 0.65 for the CG model , and 0.67 ⩽ As ⩽ 0.89 and −0.29 ⩽ α ⩽ 0.61 for the GCG model. This shows that both the CG and the GCG are viable as a candidate of UDME. Within the GCG model, we also find that the Chaplygin gas model (α = 1) is ruled out by these data at the 99.7% confidence level.
The Complex Structure of the Cl 1604 Supercluster at z ~ 0.9

The Cl 1604 supercluster at z = 0.9 is one of a small handful of such structures discovered in the high-redshift universe and is the first target observed as part of the Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large Scale Environments (ORELSE) survey. To date, Cl 1604 is the largest structure mapped at z ∼ 1, with the most constituent clusters and the largest number of spectroscopically confirmed member galaxies. In this paper we present the results of a spectroscopic campaign to create a three-dimensional map of Cl 1604 and to understand the contamination by foreground and background large-scale structures. Combining new Deep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph observations with previous data yields high-quality redshifts for 1138 extragalactic objects in a ~0.08 deg2 region, 413 of which are supercluster members. We examine the complex three-dimensional structure of Cl 1604, providing velocity dispersions for eight of the member clusters and groups. Our extensive spectroscopic data set is used to examine potential biases in cluster velocity dispersion measurements in the presence of overlapping structures and filaments. We also discuss other structures found along the line of sight, including a filament at z = 0.6 and two serendipitously discovered groups at z ∼ 1.2.
Physiological indexes associated with aerobic performance in endurance runners: effects of race duration

The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max), the velocity at VO 2 max (vVO 2 max), time to exhaustion at vVO 2 max (TE), running economy (RE) and anaerobic threshold (AT) to predict the aerobic performance of the endurance athletes. Fourteen well-trained long-distance runners (33.4 ± 4.4 yr.; 62.7 ± 4.3 kg; 166.1 ± 5.0 cm; VO 2 max = 60.4 ± 5.9 ml.kg1.min-1) underwent the following tests: a) simulated competitions in the distances of 1,500 and 5,000 m and; b) laboratory treadmill tests to determine their VO 2 max, vVO 2 max, TE, RE and AT. The velocities (km/h) at vVO 2 max (18.7 ± 0.8), AT (17.3 ± 1.1) v1,500 m (19.9 ± 0.8) and v5,000 m (17.9 ± 0.9) were significantly different. A stepwise multiple-regression analysis revealed that AT alone was the best single predictor of v-5,000 m and explained 50% of the variability in 5,000 m running velocity. For v1,500 m, TE and vVO 2 max explained 88% of the variability of the performance. We conclude that, in a group of well-trained long-distance runners, the validity of the physiological indexes (VO 2 max, vVO 2 max, TE, RE e AT) to predict the aerobic performance is dependent on the distance (1,500 x 5,000 m) analyzed.
Design for usability on supply chain management systems implementation

Supply chain management (SCM) systems implementation has become a fashion due to advances in information technology and pressures of market competition. Unfortunately, successful implementation was rare. In this article, the concept of usability was extended in an explorative case study to crystallize design for usability (DFU) principles in a large‐scale SCM systems implementation project at a leading semiconductor manufacturing company in Taiwan. Proposed was a holistic usability framework to guide the analysis of DFU as well as the compilation of an evidence database composed of design documentation, post hoc evaluation, semistructured interviews, and participant observation. This research revealed a set of usability needs and coping strategies found throughout a series of systems design and redesign processes at the case company. As a result, an emergent usability framework in the form of ICOM (Input, Control, Output, and Mechanism) dimensions was proposed to guide the implementation of SCM systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Could dark energy be vector-like?

In this paper I explore whether a vector field can be the origin of the present stage of cosmic acceleration. In order to avoid violations of isotropy, the vector has be part of a ‘cosmic triad’, that is, a set of three identical vectors pointing in mutually orthogonal spatial directions. A triad is indeed able to drive a stage of late accelerated expansion in the universe, and there exist tracking attractors that render cosmic evolution insensitive to initial conditions. However, as in most other models, the onset of cosmic acceleration is determined by a parameter that has to be tuned to reproduce current observations. The triad equation of state can be sufficiently close to minus one today, and for tachyonic models it might be even less than that. I briefly analyse linear cosmological perturbation theory in the presence of a triad. It turns out that the existence of non-vanishing spatial vectors invalidates the decomposition theorem, i.e. scalar, vector and tensor perturbations do not decouple from each other. In a simplified case it is possible to analytically study the stability of the triad along the different cosmological attractors. The triad is classically stable during inflation, radiation and matter domination, but it is unstable during (late time) cosmic acceleration. I argue that this instability is not likely to have a significant impact at present.
Change of the apparent mass of weights arising from temperature differences

Thermal accommodation of 1 kg and 50 kg weights to ambient air under different storing conditions and change of apparent mass due to temperature differences between weight and air have been measured. Physical models taking account of different heat transfer processes and of convective forces of flowing air acting on the weight have been developed for describing the measurement results. Finally, the models are used to extrapolate the results and predict the change of apparent mass and waiting times for given residual deviations of apparent mass and residual temperature differences for weights of similar shape but other nominal values.