Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal flight activity and seasonal abundance of selected stored-product Coleoptera around grain storages in South Carolina.

J. Agric. EnlomoJ. 11(4): 321·338 {October 1994) ABSTRACT In field studies on the ecology of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and S. zeamais Motschulsky. an additional 19 species of Coleoptera that are stored-product pests were identified (Ahasuerus adven.a [Waltl], Araecerus fasciculaLus [DeGcer], Cryptolestes (errugillcus [StephensJ. Cryptolestes pusillus [SchonhcrrJ), Cryptophagus cellaris Scopali. Cryptophilus integer [Heed, Cynaeus angustus [LeConte]. Gnatocerus camulus IF. ], Gnatocerus maxillosus rF.l, Latheticus oryzae Waterhouse, Litargus balleatus LeConlc, Oryzaephilus sflrinamensis [L.l. Palorus subdepressils [Wollaston I. Platydema ruficorne Sturm. Rhyzoperlha dominica [F.l, Stegobium paniceum [L.l, Tenebroides mauritonicus {L. ], Tribolium. castaneutn {Herbstl. and Typhaea stercorea fL. 1>. Sixteen of these species were caught on sticky traps placed at three grain storage sites in southern South Carolina over a J·yr period. Seventeen species were present in packets baited with corn at the same storage sites o\'er a 2·yr period. These species were most active during warmer parts of the year, except Cryptophagus ccllaris. Sex ratio of the Cryptolestes spp. was skewed toward females in sticky traps and bait packets, except for C. pusillus in bait pockets at one site. Sex rotio of O. suril1amensis in bait packets was skewed toward females at one site, but did not differ from 1:1 at other sites. This study shows that many stored· pl"Oduct insects are active year-round in South Carolina, and that gl"uin may be subjeclto infestation year·round.
Observation of ether-linked phenolic products during thermal degradation of ferulic acid in the presence of alcohols

Thermally induced decarborylation of ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) (2b) in the presence of benzyl alcohol produces 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl benzyl ether (10). A similar reaction with starch also produced an ether-linked product and suggested a mechanism for the incorporation of phenolic moieties into food macromolecules during cooking
Effects of some insect pathogens on the Africanized honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hym., Apidae)

Abstract: Young bees were treated either per os or topically with an iridovirus, a granulosis virus, a nuclear polyhedrosis virus, and the fungi Nomuraea rileyi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and maintained in cages mounted into a brood frame of Langstroth hives. Infection was only confirmed in bees treated with B. bassiana or with M. anisopliae and no effect of other pathogens was observed. Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae conidia (l g) were also applied to field hives containing 20 000–25 000 bees. These fungi caused low mortality and infection of bees in treated hives but no noticeable effect on bee behaviour, larval development or colony characteristics. In the laboratory, bees fed a diet containing B. bassiana conidia had significantly higher mortality than control bees maintained at 35°C. Bees maintained at 26°C had high mortality independent of the treatment received. The results suggest that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae may be incapable of causing epizootic in field hives and most likely will not cause bee mortality following field applications for pest control.
The phylogeny of cockroach families: a cladistic appraisal of morpho-anatomical data

Seventy-two morpho-anatomical characters were examined in 221 genera belonging to the families Blattidae, Polyphagidae, Blattellidae, and Blaberidae. They were cladistically analyzed and polarized using two mantids and two termites. As no autapomorphies of the family Blattellidae were found, the constituent subfamilies were used as terminal taxa together with other families. Three trees were found (CI = 0.81 and RI = 0.88, without autapomorphies) that differed only by the position of Nyctiborinae relative to Blattellinae and Ectobiinae. The strict consensus tree was [Blattidae [Polyphagidae [Anaplectinae [[Pseudophyllodromiidae, Blaberidae] [Nyctiborinae, Blattellinae, Ectobiinae]]]]]. The main discrepancies with McKittrick's tree were the monophyly of Polyphagidae (instead of paraphyly) and that the Blaberidae is the sister-group of Pseudophyllodromiinae (instead of the sister-group of Blattellinae, Ectobiinae, and Nyctiborinae). These results made it necessary to elevate the Anaplectinae and Pseudophyll.
Aeromycoflora in outdoor environment of Timisoara city (Romania).

An aeromycological study to identify and quantify allergenic fungi and their fluctuations was conducted at Timisoara. The diversity of the aeromycoflora in this study, based on the recovery of fungal propagules by the volumetric sampling method was conducted for 30 days using the Lanzoni sampler. The study showed that the most prevalent (major components) fungal spores in the air of Timisoara were Cladosporium spp. , Drechslera/Helminthosporium spp. , Alternaria spp. and Epicoccum spp. The abundant genera were Cladosporium, Fusarium/Leptosphaeria, Drechslera/Helminthosporium, Alternaria and Torula. Cladosporium was the most abundant fungal spore type (41%) collected throughout the period of study reaching.
Characterization of hybrid seedlings from crosses of Nicotiana stocktonii Brandegee×N. tabacum L. and N. stocktonii×progenitors of N. tabacum

Hybrid lethality is one of the sexual barriers preventing wide hybridization. In the genus Nicotiana, hybrid lethality is observed in some interspecific cross combinations. Interspesific hybridization of Nicotiana stocktonii×N. tabacum has not been carried out from the viewpoint of expression of lethality. N. tabacum has an S subgenome derived from N. sylvestris and a T subgenome derived from N. tomentosiformis. In this study, hybrid seedlings from the cross N. stocktonii×N. tabacum, were obtained by ovule culture. The hybrid seedlings were classified as normal seedlings, tumorous types and vitrified plants, and they did not express lethality. Hybrid seedlings from the cross N. stocktonii×N. sylvestris expressed lethality. Moreover, hybrid seedlings from N. stocktonii×N. tomentosiformis also expressed lethality. This suggests that both the S genome of N. sylvestris and the T genome of N. tomentosiformis have factors causing lethality in hybrids with N. stocktonii. However, hybrid seedlings from N. stocktonii×N. tabacum did not express lethal symptoms in this study. We suggested that the factors responsible for lethality in N. tabacum must have been lost or no longer expressed during the process of speciation, probably due to reorganization and modification of the genomes.
Overexpression of a rice long-chain base kinase gene OsLCBK1 in tobacco improves oxidative stress tolerance

Sphingolipids and their metabolites including long-chain bases (LCBs) and long-chain base 1-phosphates (LCBPs) have been shown to be involved in regulation of various aspects of biological processes in plants. However, little is known about the biological function of LCB kinases (LCBKs), which catalyze the phosphorylation of LCBs to form LCBPs in plant abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, we performed a functional analysis in transgenic tobacco to explore the possible involvement of a rice LCBK gene OsLCBK1 in abiotic stress tolerance. Root elongation of the transgenic tobacco seedlings with constitutive overexpression of OsLCBK1 was less sensitive to exogenous abscisic acid as compared with the vector-transformed seedlings. The OsLCBK1-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants showed increased tolerance against oxidative stress after treatment with methyl viologen or H2O2, and up-regulated expression of oxidative stress-related genes. However, the OsLCBK1-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants showed similar phenotype as vector-transformed plants in response to salt stress and had no change in expression of salt stress-related genes. Our results suggest that OsLCBK1, an enzyme involved in synthesis of LCBPs, may be involved in ABA response and has functions in regulation of oxidative stress tolerance in plants.
ECOLOGICAL TRENDS IN THE WOOD ANATOMY OF SOME BRAZILIAN SPECIES. 1. GROWTH RINGS AND VESSELS

Some ecological trends based on wood were established in woody florulas of several regions in Brazil. Growth rings and qualitative vessel features were analysed in trees belonging to the 22 most representative families of the Brazilian flora, including 133 genera, 491 species and 686 specimens. Some ecological trends were statistically proven by Pearsonʼs Standardised Residues. The presence of growth rings was associated with seasonal environments. Vessels tended to show special arrangement patterns at higher latitudes and in environments affected by thermal seasonality. Vessels in multiples were more common in environments that were seasonal for temperature and humidity. Although not statistically significant, there is a trend for multiple perforation plates and helical thickenings to be most common in higher latitudes and colder environments. Overall, the results for Brazilian species are compatible with trends established by other authors for other floras and /or taxa.
Role of gibberellic acid in abolishing the detrimental effects of Cd and Pb on broad bean and lupin plants.

This work describes the changes in photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrates, proteins and activities of certain enzymes of both broad bean and lupin plants in response to heavy metals (Cd or Pb), 3 gibberellic acid (GA ) and their interactions. Significant reduction in contents of chlorophylls, soluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins were recorded in tested plants due to the treatment with either Cd or Pb. 3 Application of GA , in most cases, decreased contents of chlorophylls and soluble carbohydrates in absence and presence of either Cd or Pb, while contents of soluble proteins were markedly increased. All applied treatments greatly affected the activities of amylases, proteases, catalases and peroxidases in both 3 broad bean and lupin plants. Generally, it could be concluded that GA have (to some extent) a beneficial regulatory role in plants grown under both Cd and Pb polluted conditions.
Evidence supporting the occurrence of a new species of endophyte in some South American grasses

Endophytes of several South American grasses were examined. The taxonomic status of en- dophytes in Festuca argentina, E hieronymi, Poa hue- cu, and an unidentified species of Poa is evaluated. On the basis of morphological features, and rDNA and protease gene sequence data, it is proposed that this endophyte is different from several other endo- phytes examined from North American, South Amer- ican, and European species of Festuca and Poa. These endophytes, believed responsible for causing the 'tembladera' or 'huecu' toxicosis in animals, have also been reported to produce unique toxins. Iso- zyme analysis supports the distinctness of these en- dophytes but also demonstrates variability in popu- lations with respect to gene polymorphisms. Taking all the data into consideration, we propose to estab- lish a new endophyte species Neotyphodium temblad- erae which includes endophytes found in multiple grass species. We suggest the use of a phylogenetic species concept to define species of Neotyphodium.
Remote sensing of upland vegetation: the potential of high spatial resolution satellite sensors

Aim Traditional methodologies of mapping vegetation, as carried out by ecologists, consist primarily of field surveying or mapping from aerial photography. Previous applications of satellite imagery for this task (e.g. Landsat TM and SPOT HRV) have been unsuccessful, as such imagery proved to have insufficient spatial resolution for mapping vegetation. This paper reports on a study to assess the capabilities of the recently launched remote sensing satellite sensor Ikonos, with improved capabilities, for mapping and monitoring upland vegetation using traditional image classification methods. Location The location is Northumberland National Park, UK. Methods Traditional remote sensing classification methodologies were applied to the Ikonos data and the outputs compared to ground data sets. This enabled an assessment of the value of the improved spatial resolution of satellite imagery for mapping upland vegetation. Post-classification methods were applied to remove noise and misclassified pixels and to create maps that were more in keeping with the information requirements of the NNPA for current management processes. Results The approach adopted herein for quick and inexpensive land cover mapping was found to be capable of higher accuracy than achieved with previous approaches, highlighting the benefits of remote sensing for providing land cover maps. Main conclusions Ikonos imagery proved to be a useful tool for mapping upland vegetation across large areas and at fine spatial resolution, providing accuracies comparable to traditional mapping methods of ground surveys and aerial photography.
Isolation and Characterization of Temperate and Virulent Bacteriophages of Lactobacillus plantarum

Abstract Several bacteriophages that are able to infect Lactobacillus plantarum have been isolated by induction of lysogenic strains with mitomycin C and by enrichment of samples from different origins. Two closely related phages (ΦLP1-A and ΦLP1-B), isolated from corn silage, and phage ΦLP2, isolated from a homemade cheese whey, were characterized. Some features of L. plantarum phage fri were also studied that have not been previously published. Virions of the ΦLP1 and ΦLP2 groups displayed a typical B1 morphology ( Siphoviridae ); heads were isometric, and tails were long and noncontractile. The genetic material of the virions was a single molecule of double-stranded DNA without cohesive ends. The genome lengths were 80 kbp (ΦLP1 group), 47 kbp (ΦLP2), and 133 kbp ( fri ). Host range was limited to some strains of L. plantarum . Temperature of propagation affected the appearance and aspect of the plaques of lysis. Phage adsorption was quite efficient, reaching >90% in most cases and often >99%, and was not affected by the temperature. One-step growth experiments showed that, in some cases, temperature strongly influenced the phage development. The temperate nature of the phages could only be established for phage ΦLP2, and no lysogens were obtained for members of the ΦLP1 group.
Changes in species richness of vascular plants under the impact of air pollution: a global perspective

Aim To investigate the general pattern of changes in species richness and diversity of vascular plants due to environmental contamination and associated habitat changes imposed by point polluters, and identify the sources of variation in the response of plant communities to industrial pollution. Location Global. Methods We collected species richness and diversity data from 86 studies that were conducted around 60 atmospheric point polluters worldwide and reported in 95 papers (published in 1953–2007). We used meta-analysis to search for a general effect and to compare between polluter types and plant groups, and linear regression to describe the latitudinal gradient and to quantify relationships between pollution and effect size. Results Although the species richness of vascular plants generally decreased with pollution, the effects were not uniform across the studies. Polluters that cause soil acidification imposed a stronger detrimental effect on plant diversity than industries whose emissions increased soil pH. An overall adverse effect was primarily due to the contribution of non-ferrous smelters and aluminium plants; the effects of other SO2-emitting industries were less detrimental, albeit negative, and the effects of chemical plants, fertilizer factories and cement industries did not differ from zero. Longevity of the pollution impact only made a slight contribution to the detected variation, while adverse effects increased with increase in pollution load. Main conclusions This study is the first demonstration of geographical variation in the responses of plant communities to aerial emissions: adverse effects increased from high to low latitudes, and this pattern was explained primarily by increases in both the diversity of original (undisturbed) communities and mean summer temperatures. The latter result suggests that under a future warmer climate the existing pollution loads may become more harmful. Model calculations indicate that a detectable depauperation of plant communities is unlikely if the polluter emits < 1500 t of SO2 annually.
Light induced heme oxygenase 1 is suppressed by Bach1 in human skin keratinocytes

Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation is an oxidizing agent that strongly induces the heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) expression in cultured human skin fibroblasts, but weakly induces it in skin keratinocytes. Here, we report that low basal levels of HO- 1 and much higher basal levels of HO-2 protein were observed in keratinocytes compared with fibroblasts. Silencing of Bach1 strongly increased HO-1 levels in HaCaT transformed keratinocytes and these HO-1 levels were not further increased by either UVA irradiation or silencing of HO-2. This is consistent with the conclusion that high constitutive levels of HO-2 expression in keratinocytes are responsible for the resistance of these cells to HO-1 induction by UVA radiation and that Bach1 plays a predominant role in influencing the lack of HO-1 expression in keratinocytes. Bach1 inhibition reduced the 500 kJ/m2 UVA-induced cell damage by LDH membrane integrity and MTS viability assays. These results suggest that Bach1 inhibition protect against high dose of UVA irradiation induced damage in keratinocytes.
First Report of Nematodes in the Common Lesser Escuerzo Odontophrynus americanus (Duméril and Bibron, 1841) (Amphibia: Cycloramphidae) from Corrientes, Argentina

Abstract The common lesser escuerzo, Odontophrynus americanus, from Corrientes, Argentina, was found to harbor 3 species of Nematodes: Rhabdias elegans, Cosmocerca podicipinus, and Cosmocerca parva. Cosmocerca podicipinus was the most prevalent nematode species (22.7%), whereas C. parva had the highest mean intensity of infection (5.5 ± 2.12). These 3 nematode species are reported for the first time from O. americanus and members of the Cycloramphidae from Corrientes, Argentina.
Regulatory mechanisms in phenotypic plasticity of diapause and nondiapause pupal colouration of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio machaon

Nondiapause pupae of Papilio machaon L. exhibit pupal colour diphenism comprising green–yellow and brown–white types. To understand the regulatory mechanism underlying the control of pupal colouration in P. machaon, the effect of environmental cues on diapause and nondiapause pupal colouration is investigated. When larvae reared under short‐day and long‐day conditions are allowed to pupate in sites with a smooth surface and a yellow background colour, all diapause pupae exhibit a brown–white type and 89.5% of nondiapause pupae exhibit a green–yellow type, respectively. With rough‐surface pupation sites, all diapause pupae exhibit brown–white and intermediate types, whereas a large proportion of nondiapause pupae exhibit brown–white and intermediate types, although some exhibit a green–yellow type. When extracts prepared from the head‐thoracic and thoracic‐abdominal regions of larval central nervous systems are injected into the ligated abdomens of P. machaon short‐day pharate pupae, all recipients exhibit a brown–white colouration. Furthermore, when each extract is injected into the ligated abdomen of Papilio xuthus L. short‐day pharate pupae with orange‐pupa‐inducing factor activity, recipients injected with the head‐thoracic extract exhibit the brown type, whereas those injected with the thoracic‐abdominal extract exhibit an orange colour. The results indicate that the response to the environmental cues of pupation site in P. machaon changes according to the photoperiodic conditions experienced during larval stages, and that at least two hormonal factors producing brown–white pupae are located in the larval central nervous system, with the secretion of these factors being regulated by the recognition of environmental cues in long‐day larvae.
Effect of Bisphenol A Administration on Reproductive Characteristic and Blood Metabolite in Mice

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of BPA on reproductive characteristic and blood hematological and chemical values in mice. The male mice were intraperitoneally injected BPA in native control(no treatment), positive control(corn oil, 3 m /kg B.W), 0.05, 0.5 and 5.0 mg BPA/kg B.W and female mice were injected BPA in control(corn oil, 3 m /kg B.W), 0.05, 0.5 and 5.0 mg BPA/kg B.W with 5 times at 3 days interval for 14 days. The administration of BPA in male mice didn't affect the body and re- productive organ weight such as testis, epididymis, vesicular gland and coagulating gland. We found that the 5.0 mg BPA group was significantly reduced the sperm concentration and increased the sperm abnormality compared to native, positive control and 0.05 mg BPA groups(P 0.05). However, the value of WBC was slightly lower in BPA treatment groups than that of control groups and PLT was slightly higher in BPA groups than that of control groups, but not sig- nificantly defference among the experimental groups(P > 0.05). In female mice, the effects of BPA on body weight didn't affect in all experimental groups, but ovary weights in 0.5 and 5.0 mg BPA groups were sig- nificantly increased compared to those in control and 0.05 mg BPA group(P 0.05). The RBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin and total protein of blood hematological and chemical values in female were not different in all experimental groups(P > 0.05). The values of WBC and PLT in BPA groups were slightly higher than that of control, but not significantly different among the experimental groups. The concentration of BUN was the higher in BPA groups than that of control group. The histological evaluation of testis, ovary and uterus were not different in all experimental groups.
Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 2: main typologies, occurrences and causative factors

The presence of skeletal anomalies in farmed teleost fish is currently a major problem in aquaculture, entailing economical, biological and ethical issues. The common occurrence of skeletal abnormalities in farmed fish and the absence of effective solutions for avoiding their onset or definitely culling out the affected individuals as early as possible from the productive cycle, highlight the need to improve our knowledge on the basic processes regulating fish skeletogenesis and skeletal tissues differentiation, modelling and remodelling. Severe skeletal anomalies may actually occur throughout the entire life cycle of fish, but their development often begins with slight aberrations of the internal elements. Comprehensive investigation efforts conducted on reared larvae and juveniles could provide a great contribution in filling the gap in knowledge, as skeletogenesis and skeletal tissue differentiation occur during these early life stages. The aim of this review is to provide a synthetic but comprehensive picture of the actual knowledge on the ontogeny, typologies and occurrence of skeletal anomalies, and on the proposed causative factors for their onset in larvae and juveniles of European farmed fish. The state-of-art of knowledge of these issues is analysed critically intending to individualize the main gaps of knowledge that require to be filled, in order to optimize the morphological quality of farmed juveniles.