Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Inquiry Based Learning Approach on Secondary School Students’ Science Process Skills

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of science course which is based on inquiry based learning approach on seventh grade students' scientific process skill levels. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used in the study. Considering that both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used, the study involved a mixed-method design. The research process was carried out according to the simultaneous transformational mixed research design. The study group consisted of 40 students at seventh grade who were studying in public schools in a district in the western part of Turkey in the 2016-2017 academic year. The data analysis was carried out with Scientific Process Skills Scale and Semi-Structured Interview Form. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical methods. As a result of the study, it was determined that the scientific process skill levels of the students in the experimental group increased statistically significantly compared to the students in the control group. Additionally, the results obtained in the analysis of qualitative data support the results obtained from the quantitative data.
Factors Affecting Profitability of Insurance Companies in Ethiopia

The study was attempted to examine factors affecting profitability of insurance companies in Ethiopia for the period of 2014-2018, employed descriptive research design. The target populations were 17 insurance companies taken by census method. The study employed secondary sources of data from audited financial statement of National bank of Ethiopia. The study was used multiple regression models. The regression was run by using random effect model through Stata software version 14. The researchers found that the positive and significant relationship between ROA and liquidity, capital adequacy, real GDP as well as real effective exchange rate. Contrary, ROA has negative and significant relation with leverage, underwriting risk, premium growth. Besides, ROA has positive and insignificant relation with age and size whereas negative and insignificant relation with inflation. Thus, Insurance industry should give emphasis on liquidity ratio, and capital adequacy ratio to sustain its profitability.
Relations, resources, and costs: exploring cross-sectoral collaboration at the local level in a developing country

Abstract Collaboration across sectors at the local level is seen as beneficial to both non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and local governments. Cited benefits are framed by institutional, resource dependence, and transaction cost perspectives and are often examined in a western, developed nation context. This article uses a novel sample of local governments and NGOs in Lebanon to examine whether constructs derived from these dominant theoretical frameworks explain cross-sector collaborative tendencies in the context of a developing country. We conclude that measures related to resource dependence can provide some explanatory power for collaboration behavior, but a better explanation of local government–NGO collaboration in developing countries will require reaching beyond commonly used constructs from existing dominant theories; future research toward that end is a worthwhile endeavor.
The Prognostic Value of High-risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Status in Surgically Treated Stage IB1-IIA2 Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: High-risk HPV(hr-HPV) infection is important for the development of invasive cervical cancer. As a developing country with the largest population in the world, China has a great burden of cervical cancer. The cervical cancer screening strategies consisted of cytology and virology, which has been studied by HPV-typing test and HPV-DNA quantitative test since decades ago. The cervical cancer incidence rate has been declined due to the early treatment of precancerous lesions, but postoperative HPV infection is still an issue for cervical cancer patients. This study aims to investigate the association between HPV infection status and recurrence of early-stage cervical cancer through a novel PCR-based HPV test, which could do both HPV typing-test and DNA quantitative-test. Methods: Patients diagnosed with cervical cancer staged IB1- IIA2, who were treated by radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy at Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS) between January 2014 and December 2016 were accrued. The clinicopathological factors, pre- and post-operative HPV infection status, and the prognosis were investigated. Cox regression was used to identify factors associated with LRFS, MFS and OS. Results: A total of 312 patients were enrolled in this study, who were treated by radical resection and accepted pre- and post-operative HPV tests, with a median follow-up time of 60 months(range 14~79 months). The 5-year LRFS rate, MFS rate, and OS rate were 97.8%, 98.4%, and 98.7%. The pre-operative HPV infection rate was 85.3%(266/312), 74 patients had a high level of HPV-DNA(>5x106 copy number/104 cells). Twenty-nine patients had a postoperative persistent high level of HPV-DNA(9.3%). Postoperative persistent high level of HPV-DNA within 12 months(p=0.013), postoperative persistence of HPV-16/18 within 24 months(p=0.004), and deep stromal invasion(>2/3)(p=0.007) were associated with a poor LRFS.Conclusion: Pre-operative HPV-16/18 infection and high level of HPV-DNA were not associated with local recurrence of cervical cancer. Most initial HPV-positive patients had HPV cleared within 24 months postoperatively. Postoperative HPV-16/18 persistence within 24 months, postoperative persistence of high HPV-DNA level within 24 months, and deep stromal invasion(>2/3) were independent risk factors for local recurrence of cervical cancer.
Spectral properties and polarizabilities for fluorine-like ions with Z = 20–30

Aims. The primary motivation of this paper is to provide accurate atomic properties of F-like ions with Z = 20−30, including energy levels, line strengths, static dipole polarizabilities, and lifetimes. In addition, a detailed analysis is also carried out to explore the convergence and uncertainties of our results. Methods. Large-scale B-spline relativistic configuration interaction calculations are carried out to generate the atomic properties of F-like ions. The radial parts of one-electron Dirac orbitals are obtained from the relativistic self-consistent field procedure in which the Breit Interaction and QED corrections (vacuum polarization and self-energy terms) are also included. A numerical method, called Emu CI, is adopted to decrease the size of CI matrix significantly without loss of much accuracy. Results. Energy levels and line strengths for electric-dipole (E1), electric-quadrupole (E2), and magnetic-dipole (M1) transitions are provided for the 250 lowest levels of each system, showing a good agreement with available theoretical and experimental information. The static dipole polarizabilities and lifetimes for the ten lowest states are also reported. A statement for the convergence and uncertainties of our results is presented.
Cold Plasma Treatment Strategies for the Control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici in Sweet Basil

Fusarium wilt of basil (FOB), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici, is an economically damaging disease of field- and greenhouse-grown sweet basil. Growers have observed a resurgence of FOB and susceptibility in FOB-resistant cultivars. Because currently available chemical, biological, and cultural control methods are costly, unsustainable, ineffective, or challenging to implement, new strategies of FOB control are needed. Cold plasma is becoming an increasingly important experimental technology in the food and agricultural industry for pathogen decontamination. To understand the effect of cold plasma treatment on FOB incidence and severity, experiments were conducted by treating FOB mycelium, inoculated sweet basil seedlings, and seeds with various experimental cold plasma treatment devices, all using helium as a feed gas. Initial results indicated that while the cold plasma jet treatment did not result in a significant reduction in mean mycelial growth rate or virulence of the pathogen, direct cold plasma jet treatments on seedlings, as well as a cold plasma dielectric barrier discharge treatment on seeds, did exhibit varying efficacies against FOB. Control of FOB appeared to be strongly dependent on the exposure time to cold plasma. These findings can aid in the standardization of a cold plasma treatment for the commercial basil seed and transplant industry.
Muscle High‐Energy Phosphates and Stress Affect K‐Values during Ice Storage of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Initial levels of white muscle high-energy phosphates, IMP, ATP:IMP-ratio, adenylate energy charge and pH were used as indicators of handling stress when Atlantic salmon were slaughtered. Ante-mortem handling included fish that were either anesthetized (baseline), quickly netted and killed by a blow to the head (unstressed) or chased to exhaustion in the holding tank (stressed). During subsequent storage in ice, freshness was evaluated in terms of IMP, HxR, Hx and K-values. HPLC showed initial differences in distribution of metabolites induced by struggling gradually fell during storage. K-values were different only for 2 days post mortem, but the effect of handling stress was discernible as higher mean K-values and different IMP and HxR contents for up to 7 days post mortem.
The Effect of Training on Employee Performance

Human resources play the most important and potential role for the success of a company considering that human resources are the determinants of company activities both in planning, organizing, and making decisions. To make this happen, one of the efforts a company can make to improve the quality of its employees is by conducting training. This research is quantitative. This type of research used is descriptive and causal methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of training on the performance of PT. Astra International Tbk - Toyota Sales Operation (AUTO2000) Soekarno Hatta Bandung Branch. The type of sample used is a saturated sampling. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 51 people. The data analysis technique used is a simple regression analysis. Based on the results of simple linear regression analysis, training improves employee performance by 0.441. training affects the performance of technician employees by 65.1% and 34.9% is influenced by other factors. The advice given by the writer for the company is to hold a workshop or motivational seminar and further increase the type of training material provided.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE DYE ONTO SULFURIC ACID–TREATED ORANGE PEEL

The present study explains the preparation and application of sulfuric acid–treated orange peel (STOP) as a new low-cost adsorbent in the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from its aqueous solution. The effects of temperature on the operating parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial MB dye concentration, and contact time were investigated for the removal of MB dye using STOP. The maximum adsorption of MB dye onto STOP took place in the following experimental conditions: pH of 8.0, adsorbent dose of 0.4 g, contact time of 45 min, and temperature of 30°C. The adsorption equilibrium data were tested by applying both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It is observed that the Freundlich isotherm model fitted better than the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating multilayer adsorption, at all studied temperatures. The adsorption kinetic results showed that the pseudo-second-order model was more suitable to explain the adsorption of MB dye onto STOP. The adsorption mechanism results showed that the adsorption process was controlled by both the internal and external diffusion of MB dye molecules. The values of free energy change (ΔG o) and enthalpy change (ΔH o) indicated the spontaneous, feasible, and exothermic nature of the adsorption process. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of STOP was also compared with other low-cost adsorbents, and it was found that STOP was a better adsorbent for MB dye removal.
On the Altitude Patterns of Photo‐Chemical‐Equilibrium in the Martian Ionosphere: A Special Role for Electron Temperature

The ionosphere at Mars is governed by photo‐chemical‐equilibrium (PCE) at and below the height of maximum electron density (∼130 km), while the topside ionosphere blends PCE with other processes (e.g., plasma dynamics). We studied the altitude profile from 135 to 260 km where PCE conditions transition to the non‐PCE domain. Using MAVEN observations of electron density (Ne) and temperature (Te), CO2 densities, and integrated energy flux Fsun(5–93 nm), we tested the PCE relationship Ne2∝Fsun×cos(SZA)×n(CO2)×Te0.7 (Mendillo et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017ja024366). We found high correlations coefficients (CC = 80–90%) for heights 25–40 km above hmax, and then decreases to CC = 50% (defining partial PCE control). Surprisingly, CCs returned to > 50% in the 160–175 height range. We found the re‐establishment of PCE control occurs where the Te values rise sharply and thereby reduce the plasma recombination rate due to its inverse dependence on electron temperature. Enhancements in the topside ionosphere due to that process were first postulated by Fox and Yeager (2006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JA011697) to explain the “shoulder” seen Ne(h) profiles from radio occultation experiments. MAVEN data now provide the first comprehensive set of in situ observations to relate this enigmatic “bulge” to observed PCE parameters. Moreover, MAVEN observations reveal that additional sources are present to account for the Ne enhancements larger than possible from the thermal process alone.
Antibacterial Shoe Insole-Coated CuO-ZnO Nanocomposite Synthesized by the Sol-Gel Technique

In this study, CuO-ZnO composite was synthesized via the sol-gel method using oxalic acid to form the medium complex and its applications in antibacterial have been conducted with B. cereus, E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella, and P. aeruginosa. Then, nanopowder of CuO-ZnO was coated on shoe insoles and their antibacterial effect with S. aureus was tested. The nanocomposite products were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and UV-Vis. The results showed that the CuO-ZnO composite has the average particle size in a range of 20-50 nm, the point of zero charge of 7.8, and the bandgap of 1.7 eV. XPS result shows the composite structure with Cu2+ in the product. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CuO-ZnO nanocomposite was 0.313 mg·mL-1 for S. aureus and Samonella, 0.625 mg·mL-1 for E. coli, and 5 mg·mL-1 for B. cereus and P. aeruginosa. The shoe insoles coated with 0.35 wt. % of CuO-ZnO nanocomposite also had high antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and this antibacterial nanocomposite was implanted durably on the surface of the shoe insoles.
Assessing the relationship between perceived crowding, excitement, stress, satisfaction, and impulse purchase at the retails in Vietnam

Abstract This study aims to examine the relationship between perceived crowding, excitement, stress on satisfaction, and impulse purchase at the retails in Vietnam. This study performed structural equation modelling (SEM). A total of 264 valid respondents were used in this research. Besides, this study systematized the concept, defined, and test the component scales of the relationship model among perceived crowding, excitement, stress, satisfaction, and impulse purchase from the collected data, which helps to identify the relationship among factors in the model as well as impact. The findings indicate that the perceptions of human and spatial crowding have a negative influence on customer satisfaction leading to their impulse purchase decision. This belief is advocated by the existence of human emotional reactions to customer satisfaction. In detail, exciting reactions positively impact on shoppers’ satisfied feelings; by contrast, stress is negatively related to customers’ satisfaction. In other words, shoppers intend to be more excited and less stressed in retail who could facilitate a low level of spatial crowding and appropriate physical arrangements of fixtures.
Desinformação e mensagens sobre a hidroxicloroquina no Twitter: da pressão política à disputa científica

Introdução: A pandemia do novo coronavirus trouxe consigo um forte aliado responsável por tornar cada vez mais difícil o enfrentamento da doença, a desinformação científica. Opiniões negacionistas, teorias conspiratórias, oportunismo político são alguns exemplos de uso malicioso por trás da disseminação de informação sobre o vírus, seus efeitos, formas de tratamento e prevenção. Método: por meio de um estudo infodemiológico a pesquisa analisa o compartilhamento de informações no Twitter sobre a hidroxicloroquina, o medicamento que tem ganhado destaque quando se fala de um possível tratamento farmacológico da doença. Os dados foram coletados via Netlytic por meio do monitoramento da hashtag #hidroxicloroquinaja entre os dias 11 a 30 de maio e são analisados a partir da análise da rede de interação em torno do compartilhamento, compreensão dos termos frequentes e categorização das postagens. Resultados: Foram analisados 3.714 tweets e identificados 2.089 usuários, dos quais apenas 678 (32,4%) mantiveram algum tipo de conexão com outros usuários na rede. Os termos frequentes e sua distribuição indicam que a questão é protagonizada mais por aspectos políticos do que de saúde, com maior concentração de mensagens em poucos usuários e um grande número responsável por sua viralização. As categorias mais comuns foram “Ataque a agentes políticos” e “Descrença nas instituições epistêmicas”. Conclusão: No contexto estudado percebe-se que os valores da própria cultura científica, como reconhecimento e autoridade, vão ganhando novas camadas informacionais em disputa política em um momento no qual as instituições epistêmicas estão em declínio.
Effect of allelochemicals, soil enzyme activity and environmental factors from Stellera chamaejasme L. on rhizosphere bacterial communities in the northern Tibetan Plateau

ABSTRACT Allelochemicals exuded by Stellera chamaejasme into the soil environment could be an important factor which might contribute to its competitive behavior in nature. We aimed to explore the interactions between the allelochemicals, soil enzyme activities, environmental factors and rhizosphere bacterial communities which might contribute to the plant’s invasiveness. The composition and abundance of rhizosphere soil bacteria communities were examined in five locations in the northern Tibetan Plateau. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were dominant in all rhizosphere soil samples and were similar among the bacterial communities. The contents of Actinobacteria showed positive correlations with neochamaejasmin B and mesoneochamaejasmin A, and negative correlations with chamaechromone and 7-methoxylneochaejasmin A. The Principle component analysis (PCA) and Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that Streptomycetales activity correlated with the content of neochamaejasmin B and mesoneochamaejasmin A, and Frankiales activity appeared to relate to chamaechromone and 7-methoxylneochaejasmin A. Enzyme activities and environmental factors correlated with the presence of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities. These results suggest that the allelochemicals, soil enzyme activities and the environment, to some extent, affect the composition and diversity of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities. The results provide a better understanding of the allelopathy of S. chamaejasme and its broad ecological adaptability.
Antioxidant Activities of Some Spices and Herbs Added to Frozen Chicken Burger

The main objective of the present study was carried to evaluate the possibility of using spices and herbs (thyme, rosemary, sage, marjoram and black seeds) as natural antio xidants to help chicken burger industry to min imize lipid o xidation and extend the shelf-life of ch icken burger. Two concentrations of these plants (0.5 and 1%) were added to chicken burger and stored at -18℃ fo r 6 months. Fat content, thiobarbituric acid values (T.B.A) and pero xide value (P.V) were determined. Study indicated that, there were slight increases in crude fat contents of all samp les during freezing storage. Furthermo re, during storage the thiobarbituric acid values (T.B.A) and pero xide value (P.V) for all samples increased as storage period increased. Meanwhile, treat ments which had spices and herbs at levels 1% showed slight decrease in (T.B.A) values and (P.V) compared with control and t reat ments which had spices and herbs at level 0.5%. A lso, the results appeared that thyme was the most efficient protection against lipid o xidation followed by sage, rosemary and then marjoram while b lack seeds gave less effect. Essential oils of thyme, rosemary, sage, marjoram and black seeds were obtained by steam distillat ion and the chemical co mposition of each oils were determined by gas liquid chro matographic technique. The fractionated and identified chemical structures of spices and herbs volatile o ils showed that , there were 11 co mponents isolated from thy me volatile o il, just 9 co mponents of them were identified. 19 co mpounds were isolated fro m rosemary volat ile oil, but just 12 co mponents were identified. Chemica l co mposition of sage volatile oil, about 19 co mpounds were isolated from the oil, only 12 compounds were identified fro m them. 16 co mponents isolated fro m marjoram volat ile oil, only 14 of them were identified. Finally, 17 co mponents isolated fro m black seeds volatile oil, only 10 co mponents of them were identified.
New insights on the Early Pleistocene equids from Roca-Neyra (France, central Europe): implications for the Hipparion LAD and the Equus FAD in Europe

Abstract. We undertake a redescription of the equid sample from the Early Pleistocene of Roca-Neyra, France. This locality has been recently calibrated at the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary (2.6 ± 0.2 Ma) and therefore it is of interest for the first appearance of the genus Equus and last appearance of hipparionine horses. The Roca-Neyra equid sample, reanalyzed herein using morphological, morphometrical, and statistical analyses, has revealed the co-occurrence of Plesiohipparion cf. ? P. rocinantis and Equus cf. E. livenzovensis. The analysis undertaken on several European, African, and Asian “Hipparion” sensu lato species from late Miocene to Early Pleistocene has revealed different remnant Hipparion lineages in the Plio-Pleistocene of Europe: Plesiohipparion, Proboscidippaion, and likely Cremohipparion. The discovery of the first European monodactyl horse, Equus cf. E. livenzovensis correlates Roca-Neyra with other 2.6 Ma European localities in Italy, Spain, and in the Khapry area (Azov Sea region). The morphological description of the Equus cf. E. livenzovensis lower cheek teeth has highlighted intermediate features between the North American Pliocene species Equus simplicidens and Early Pleistocene European Equus stenonis. Our study supports the hypothesis that E. livenzovensis is a plausible evolutionary predecessor for the Equus stenonis group. These observations underscore the importance of Roca-Neyra as an important locality for the last European hipparions and the first Equus in the Early Pleistocene of Europe.