Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Planar Dual-Band GPS Antenna Designed for Reduced Susceptibility to Low-Angle Multipath

A new Global Positioning System (GPS) microstrip patch antenna designed for dual-band (LI /L2) operation is introduced. The antenna design is based on the reduced-surface-wave (RSW) concept and, as a result, is much less susceptible to low-angle multipath interference effects than some of the more commonly-used high-precision GPS antennas. In this paper, the radiation characteristics of this new design was compared to a dual- band choke-ring and a dual-band pinwheel antenna. In addition to having the advantages typically associated with microstrip patch antennas, this planar dual-band antenna lacks the design complications associated with the frequently-used stacked-patch method for realizing dual-band microstrip antenna performance. Thus, the simplicity of the design, together with the reduced horizon and backside radiation levels and excellent circular polarization characteristics indicate that this new antenna design is a promising candidate for dual-band, high-precision applications.
Maternal microRNAs in Drosophila eggs: selection against target sites in maternal protein-coding transcripts

In animals, before the zygotic genome is expressed, the egg already contains gene products deposited by the mother. These maternal products are crucial during the initial steps of development. In Drosophila melanogaster a large number of maternal products are found in the oocyte, some of which are indispensable. Many of these products are RNA molecules, such as gene transcripts and ribosomal RNAs. Recently, microRNAs – small RNA gene regulators – have been detected early during development and are important in these initial steps. The presence of some microRNAs in unfertilized eggs has been reported, but whether they have a functional impact in the egg or early embryo has not being explored. To characterize a maternal microRNA set, I have extracted and sequenced small RNAs from Drosophila unfertilized eggs. The unfertilized egg is rich in small RNAs, particularly in ribosomal RNAs, and contains multiple microRNA products. I further validated two of these microRNAs by qPCR and also showed that these are not present in eggs from mothers without Dicer-1 activity. Maternal microRNAs are often encoded within the intron of maternal genes, suggesting that many maternal microRNAs are the product of transcriptional hitch-hiking. Comparative genomics and population data suggest that maternally deposited transcripts tend to avoid target sites for maternally deposited microRNAs. A potential role of the maternal microRNA mir-9c in maternal-to-zygotic transition is also discussed. In conclusion, maternal microRNAs in Drosophila have a functional impact in maternal protein-coding transcripts.
Adapting Multilingual Parsing Models to Sinica Treebank

This paper presents our work for participation in the 2012 CIPS-SIGHAN shared task of Traditional Chinese Parsing. We have adopted two multilingual parsing models – a factored model (Stanford Parser) and an unlexicalized model (Berkeley Parser) for parsing the Sinica Treebank. This paper also proposes a new Chinese unknown word model and integrates it into the Berkeley Parser. Our experiment gives the first result of adapting existing multilingual parsing models to the Sinica Treebank and shows that the parsing accuracy can be improved by our suggested approach.
Effect of laser diode light irradiation on growth capability of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells

Low level laser therapy is widely used to relieve pain and inflammation, and to restore cellular functions. The photons of light are absorbed by mitochondria in cells, leading to an increase in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nitric oxide release, blood flow, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study proposed the use of a laser diode array at 808 nm to stimulate the proliferation and to activate the functions of dermal papilla cells, which were an important part of the hair growth cycle. These cells were isolated from human hair follicles and were exposed to 808 nm light at various doses from 0.5, 1, 2.5, 4, and 6 J/cm2. The rate of cell proliferation and the gene expression profile of dermal papilla cells were investigated and compared with the control in which the cells did not received any light treatment. The growth curves of the dermal papilla cells were used to determine the specific growth rates. Higher specific growth rates were observed in the cells exposed to laser at doses higher than 0.5 J/cm2. The effect of the laser light treatment on several gene markers, specifically for dermal papilla cells, was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Our result shows that collagen type 1 (Col1), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), and versican (Vcan) did not increase when the cells were irradiated by the laser light. Interestingly, sex determining region y-box 2 (Sox2) gene was up-regulated when 0.5 J/cm2, and 1 J/cm2 light was used, while an increase in the level of fibroblast growth factor 7 (Fgf7) gene was observed with light irradiation at 0.5 J/cm2, 1 J/cm2, 2.5 J/cm2, and 4 J/cm2. Too high irradiation dose was shown to yield no effect on the gene expression of dermal papilla cells.
Power Allocation in Wireless Relay Networks with Partial Channel State Information

Amplify-and-forward (AF) wireless relay networks in which the source communicates with the relays and destination in the first phase and the relays forward signals to the destination in the second phase over orthogonal and uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels are considered. Convex programming is used to obtain optimal and approximately optimal power allocation (OPA) schemes to maximize the average signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) at the output of the receiver filters under two different assumptions of partial channel state information (CSI). Analysis and simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed power allocation schemes over the equal-power allocation scheme. Performance comparison to the extreme cases of (i) direct transmission between the source and destination and (ii) having full CSI is made to illustrate the gain and loss, respectively, of the proposed schemes. The impact of power allocation between the source and the relays is also investigated by computer simulation.
Real time FPGA implementation of hand gesture recognizer system

This paper describes the design and implementation of the hand gesture recognizer system for controlling the hardware appliance in real time. FPGA based implementation proposed for hand tracking system includes the image preprocessing state and feature extraction state that consists of bounding box and Center-Of-Mass based computation. Through the features extraction state, the object's Center-Of-Mass and bounding box attributes are extracted to be applied for gesture sign classification. The main modules in this image processing system employ the developed system exploits the parallelism architecture of the FPGA to achieve real time processing. Essentially, the hand gesture recognizer system design have several essential features: (1) Hand tracking system, (2) Gesture classification and (3) Support real time processing.
Sparsity transform k‐t principal component analysis for accelerating cine three‐dimensional flow measurements

Time‐resolved three‐dimensional flow measurements are limited by long acquisition times. Among the various acceleration techniques available, k‐t methods have shown potential as they permit significant scan time reduction even with a single receive coil by exploiting spatiotemporal correlations. In this work, an extension of k‐t principal component analysis is proposed utilizing signal differences between the velocity encodings of three‐directional flow measurements to further compact the signal representation and hence improve reconstruction accuracy. The effect of sparsity transform in k‐t principal component analysis is demonstrated using simulated and measured data of the carotid bifurcation. Deploying sparsity transform for 8‐fold undersampled simulated data, velocity root‐mean‐square errors were found to decrease by 52 ± 14%, 59 ± 11%, and 16 ± 32% in the common, external, and internal carotid artery, respectively. In vivo, errors were reduced by 15 ± 17% in the common carotid artery with sparsity transform. Based on these findings, spatial resolution of three‐dimensional flow measurements was increased to 0.8 mm isotropic resolution with prospective 8‐fold undersampling and sparsity transform k‐t principal component analysis reconstruction. Volumetric data were acquired in 6 min. Pathline visualization revealed details of helical flow patterns partially hidden at lower spatial resolution. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SVM-Based Shot Boundary Detection with a Novel Feature

This paper describes our new algorithm for shot boundary detection and its evaluation. We adopt a 2-stage data fusion approach with SVM technique to decide whether a boundary exists or not within a given video sequence. This approach is useful to avoid huge feature space problems, even when we adopt many promising features extracted from a video sequence. We also introduce a novel feature to improve detection. The feature consists of two kinds of values extracted from a local frame sequence. One is the image difference between the target frame and that synthesized from the neighbors. The other is the difference between neighbors. This feature can be extracted quickly with a least-square technique. Evaluation of our algorithm is conducted with the TRECVID evaluation framework. Our system obtained a high performance at a shot boundary detection task in TRECVID2005
Classification of Opinion Mining Techniques

important part to gather the information is always seems as what the people think. The growing availability of opinion rich resources like online review sites and blogs arises as people can easily seek out and understand the opinions of others. Users express their views and opinions regarding products and services. These opinions are subjective information which represents user's sentiments, feelings or appraisal related to the same. The concept of opinion is very broad. In this paper we focus on the Classification of opinion mining techniques that conveys user's opinion i.e. positive or negative at various levels. The precise method for predicting opinions enable us, to extract sentiments from the web and foretell online customer's preferences, which could prove valuable for marketing research. Much of the research work had been done on the processing of opinions or sentiments recently because opinions are so important that whenever we need to make a decision we want to know others' opinions. This opinion is not only important for a user but is also useful for an organization. KeywordsMining; Machine learning; Sentiments; Polarity; semantic.
The socio-economic wellbeing of small mining towns in the Northern Cape

With South Africa being a developing country in many respects, the management of natural resources is of high importance. It should therefore be determined how these resources are managed and what happens to the capital generated by the extraction of these resources. The resource curse hypothesis will be used as a base to understand why there are so many underdeveloped communities in places where these resources are extracted. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature and extent of the economic and social conditions of the communities of small mining towns in the Northern Cape. The research objectives of the study were (1) to study the literature on the effects of mining on mining town communities as well as the responses to these effects on human well-being and quality of life; (2) to identify key dimensions and indicators to determine social and economic well-being; (3) to show the change in socio-economic well-being as well as demographics over a ten-year period, and identify the factors determining changes; (4) to rank these towns according to their level of socio-economic well-being; and (5) to investigate the current climate of social and economic well-being in two case study towns by conducting interviews with key stakeholder. The study followed an exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data was obtained using the census data of 2001 and 2011. A composite indicator index was then formulated to show the level of quality of life and human well-being of these towns. The towns were ranked according to this index and two case studies were done, one near the top and one near the bottom of the ranking. Data was captured and analysed using STATISTICA, Excel and ArcGIS. Perceptions on the current state of development and the impact of mining on these communities were obtained by semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the public and private sectors. The findings indicate that the resource curse does exist in small mining towns in the Northern Cape, which is a frontier region. It was also found that small towns are dependent on a single industry, in this case mining andhave few alternatives when it comes to diversification. It is also difficult for government to drive development since they, too, are dependent on the financial input of these mining companies. The findings in this study should assist policy-makers in government and the mining companies to identify the possible shortcoming of development strategies and plans, and in formulating these strategies and plans in accordance with the specific circumstances of each of these small towns
Altered Polarization, Morphology, and Impaired Innate Immunity Germane to Resident Peritoneal Macrophages in Mice with Long-Term Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with perturbed innate immunity. Macrophages, bridging innate immunity and metabolic disturbances, play important roles in controlling immune homeostasis. However, the effect of long-term diabetic milieu (DM) on the functions and phenotypes of macrophages is still not clear. In this study, we used resident peritoneal macrophages (RPMs) from 5-month-old db/db mice to investigate the changes of macrophages. It was found that RPMs in db/db mice significantly reduced phagocytosis and adhesion capacity. After standardization with body weight, the number of F4/80+ RPMs markedly reduced in db/db mice, and, furthermore, the macrophages skewed to M2-polarizated macrophages. The results of morphology found that the RPMs shape of db/db mice was nearly round, but the RPMs shape of control mice was spindle-shaped and irregular. In this study, we found the cell numbers, morphology, and innate immunity functions of RPMs in 5-month-old type 2 diabetic mice (db/db mice) obtained by abdominal cavity lavage were significantly altered. Importantly, we also found the remarkably increased M2-RPMs in diabetic mice for the first time.
Reassessing the Evolutionary History of the 17q21 Inversion Polymorphism

A polymorphic inversion that lies on chromosome 17q21 comprises two major haplotype families (H1 and H2) that not only differ in orientation but also in copy-number. Although the processes driving the spread of the inversion-associated lineage (H2) in humans remain unclear, a selective advantage has been proposed for one of its subtypes. Here, we genotyped a large panel of individuals from previously overlooked populations using a custom array with a unique panel of H2-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms and found a patchy distribution of H2 haplotypes in Africa, with North Africans displaying a higher frequency of inverted subtypes, when compared with Sub-Saharan groups. Interestingly, North African H2s were found to be closer to “non-African” chromosomes further supporting that these populations may have diverged more recently from groups outside Africa. Our results uncovered higher diversity within the H2 family than previously described, weakening the hypothesis of a strong selective sweep on all inverted chromosomes and suggesting a rather complex evolutionary history at this locus.
Using BM25F for semantic search

Information Retrieval (IR) approaches for semantic web search engines have become very populars in the last years. Popularization of different IR libraries, like Lucene, that allows IR implementations almost out-of-the-box have make easier IR integration in Semantic Web search engines. However, one of the most important features of Semantic Web documents is the structure, since this structure allow us to represent semantic in a machine readable format. In this paper we analyze the specific problems of structured IR and how to adapt weighting schemas for semantic document retrieval.
Determining the optimal phenological stage for predicting common dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) yield using field spectroscopy

On-farm crop productivity and yield prediction are valuable for, among others, designing food policies, on-farm and after-farm planning and pricing, and marketing. Whereas existing prediction approaches are generally reliable, these require extensive and tedious field surveys and adequate ancillary agrometeorological data. Remote sensing offers great potential for quick and reliable means of predicting crop yield, but it necessitates establishment of optimal phenological and spectral bands. Given the socio-economic value of common dry bean, we sought to determine the potential of multi-temporal ground-based hyperspectral data to predict yield of three cultivars grown under irrigated and rain-fed regimes. Canopy-level hyperspectral data were collected from the Gadra, Ukulinga and Caledon cultivars at distinct phenological stages and sparse partial least squares regression was used for spectral analysis. Results indicated that variation in yield could be explained at specific growth stages under rain-fed and irrigated conditions. With the exception of the Gadra cultivar under irrigation, models developed with data at the flowering and pod development stage were more accurate. These findings highlight the potential of temporal phenological ground-based hyperspectral data in predicting common dry bean yield under different watering regimes. The findings provide an opportunity for large-scale yield prediction using airborne or space-borne hyperspectral sensors.
Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Heavy Metals in Two Typical Chinese Rivers: Concentrations, Environmental Risks, and Possible Sources

Ten metals were analyzed in samples collected in three seasons (the dry season, the early rainy season, and the late rainy season) from two rivers in China. No observed toxic effect concentrations were used to estimate the risks. The possible sources of the metals in each season, and the dominant source(s) at each site, were assessed using principal components analysis. The metal concentrations in the area studied were found, using t-tests, to vary both seasonally and spatially (P = 0.05). The potential risks in different seasons decreased in the order: early rainy season > dry season > late rainy season, and Cd was the dominant contributor to the total risks associated with heavy metal pollution in the two rivers. The high population and industrial site densities in the Taihu basin have had negative influences on the two rivers. The river that is used as a source of drinking water (the Taipu River) had a low average level of risks caused by the metals. Metals accumulated in environmental media were the main possible sources in the dry season, and emissions from mechanical manufacturing enterprises were the main possible sources in the rainy season. The river in the industrial area (the Wusong River) had a moderate level of risk caused by the metals, and the main sources were industrial emissions. The seasonal and spatial distributions of the heavy metals mean that risk prevention and mitigation measures should be targeted taking these variations into account.
Analysis of the rhetorical structure of computer science abstracts in Portuguese

It is widely acknowledged that academic writing is a complex task even for native speakers, since it involves the complexities of the writing process as well as those specific to the academic genre (Sharples and Pemberton 1992). To make it worse, especially to novice writers, often the demands of the academic genre are not clear enough. A number of writing tools have been described in the literature whose ultimate goal is to improve the quality of academic English texts produced by novice and/or non-native writers, e.g. WE (Smith and Lansman 1988), Writer’s Assistant (Sharples et al. 1994), Composer (Pemberton et al. 1996), Academic Writer (Broady and Shurville 2000), Abstract Helper (Narita 2000), and Amadeus (Aluísio et al. 2001). These tools provide help during different stages of the writing process, from the generation and organization of ideas to post-processing tasks. For Portuguese, on the other hand, one can only find post-processing tools, such as spell-checkers, grammar checkers and online dictionaries and thesauri. With the ultimate goal of aiding academic writing, the project SciPo, currently being developed at NILC, aims at analyzing the rhetoric structure of Portuguese academic texts  in terms of schematic structure, rhetorical strategies and lexical patterns  to derive models for supporting the creation and evaluation of computational writing tools. To make the project feasible, the analysis has focused on specific sections of theses in Computer Science  abstract, introduction and conclusion, which are the most studied in the literature (Swales 1990, Weissberg 1990, Liddy 1991, Santos 1996) and also have been pointed out as the most difficult ones in a questionnaire applied to graduated students. The choice for this kind of text was made mainly for three reasons: theses having to be written in Portuguese, unlike research articles, which are preferably written in English; the high standardization of Computer Science texts, as in other scientific research areas; and SciPo’s developers’ familiarity with the Computer Science domain. A corpus of fifty-two (52) Computer Science theses was compiled and has been used both in the analysis of writing patterns specific to the focused research community and in the identification of their main writing problems. The whole corpus analysis is being carried out in a set of stages, the first of which has been accomplished, namely the analysis of the abstracts. This paper presents the results of this first stage and discusses the features of abstracts at a macro level of textual organization as well as comments on its annotation process. The next sections present the methodology used for the annotation and analysis of the abstracts (Section 2) as well as the results obtained (Section 3). Finally, features for a writing tool to assist novice academic writers are put forth based on what has been observed in the corpus (Section 4).