Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regionally Variable Responses of Nitrogen Fixation to Iron and Phosphorus Enrichment in the Pacific Ocean

Iron and phosphorus are major nutrients limiting marine nitrogen fixation. We directly assessed iron and phosphate enrichment using the surface water of the western and central North Pacific subtropical gyre (NPSG), central equatorial Pacific, and eastern South Pacific subtropical gyre (SPSG). Diazotrophic phylotypes showed regionally distinct distribution patterns. The abundances of nifH in UCYN‐A, Trichodesmium, Crocosphaera, and γ‐24774A11 and filaments of Richelia were significantly higher in the central and western NPSG than in the eastern SPSG. The surface dissolved iron concentration was <0.2 nmol l−1 in most of the regions; however, nitrogen fixation was enhanced by the addition of iron only in the western NPSG and equatorial upwelling. In the western NPSG, where surface phosphate was almost exhausted, and levels varied below 7 nmol l−1, diazotrophs also exhibited either phosphate limitation or colimitation by iron and phosphate. The present study demonstrated the limitation of nitrogen fixation by iron and phosphorus individually and colimitation by iron and phosphorus in the western NPSG for the first time, and the data showed that the nutrients limiting nitrogen fixation in the Pacific Ocean differed among the regions, indicating that the response of nitrogen fixation to environmental changes is not uniform.
How does ethical leadership enhance employee creativity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China?

ABSTRACT In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, leaders are facing an ethical dilemma and a tense tradeoff between employees’ health and economic performance. From the perspective of employees’ perceptions of the work situation, this study examines the way ethical leadership enhances employee creativity during the COVID-19 pandemic by using leader-member exchange (a perceived social factor) and organizational ethical climate (a perceived contextual factor) as mediators. The sample included 308 supervisor-employee pairs from 20 high-tech companies in eight provincial regions of China. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed hypotheses. Results indicate that ethical leadership can significantly enhance employee creativity through the fully mediating roles of employees’ perceptions of leader-member exchange and organizational ethical climate. Moreover, leader-member exchange affects employee creativity directly as well as indirectly through the mediating role of organizational ethical climate. This study offers insights into the process linking ethical leadership to employee creativity and provides practical suggestions on ways of enhancing employee creativity in situations like the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.
Protein Hydrolysate Combined with Hydroponics Divergently Modifies Growth and Shuffles Pigments and Free Amino Acids of Carrot and Dill Microgreens

Microgreens are the new sophisticated commodity in horticulture that boost the human diet with bioactive metabolites and garnish it with colors and tastes. Microgreens thrive well when cultivated in soilless systems, of which closed-loop soilless systems combined with biostimulant application can provide a sustainable, innovative method of growing microgreens. Daucus carota L. and Anethum graveolens L. microgreens were grown in greenhouse conditions implementing a floating raft system combined with a protein hydrolysate of leguminous origin as root application (0.3 mL L−1 nutrient solution). Growth, colorimetric parameters, macronutrients, chlorophylls, carotenoids, carbohydrates, free amino acids, and soluble proteins were assessed. The use of a protein hydrolysate in the nutrient solution engendered an increase in anthocyanins (+461.7%) and total phenols (+12.4%) in carrot, while in dill, the fresh yield (+13.5%) and ascorbic acid (+17.2%) increased. In both species, soluble proteins and total free amino acids increased by 20.6% and 18.5%, respectively. The floating raft system proved to be promising for microgreens and can ease the application of biostimulants through root application. Future research should also investigate the yield and nutritional parameter responses of other species of microgreens with the aim of large-scale sustainable production.
Personality traits predict the effects of Internet and academic self-efficacy on practical performance anxiety in online learning under the COVID-19 lockdown

Abstract Due to COVID-19, the primary teaching method has changed from traditional face-to-face teaching to online teaching. The present study explored the correlates between two personality traits, Neuroticism and Extraversion, and two types of self-efficacy, Internet self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy, on practical performance anxiety. Data from 273 technical college students were collected. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed. Results show that Neuroticism and Extraversion can predict students’ practical performance anxiety through Internet and academic self-efficacy. Moreover, Neuroticism can negatively predict Internet and academic self-efficacy. Extraversion can positively predict Internet and academic self-efficacy. The two types of self-efficacy can positively predict practical performance anxiety. According to the results, it seems necessary to reduce students’ practical performance anxiety by paying attention to their personality features and their self-efficacy.
Measuring Spatial Ability for Talent Identification, Educational Assessment, and Support: Evidence from Adolescents with High Achievement in Science, Arts, and Sports

Background Spatial ability (SA) is a robust predictor of academic and occupational achievement. The present study investigated the psychometric properties of 10 tests for measuring of SA in a sample of talented schoolchildren. Objective Our purpose was to identify the most suitable measurements for SA for the purpose of talent identification, educational assessment, and support. Design Our sample consisted of 1479 schoolchildren who had demonstrated high achievement in Science, Arts, or Sports. Several criteria were applied to evaluate the measurements, including an absence of floor and ceiling effects, low redundancy, high reliability, and external validity. Results Based on these criteria, we included the following four tests in an Online Short Spatial Ability Battery “OSSAB”: Pattern Assembly; Mechanical Reasoning; Paper Folding; and Shape Rotation. Further analysis found differences in spatial ability across the three groups of gifted adolescents. The Science track showed the highest results in all four tests. Conclusion Overall, the study suggested that the Online Short Spatial Ability Battery (OSSAB) can be used for talent identification, educational assessment, and support. The analysis showed a unifactorial structure of spatial abilities. Future research is needed to evaluate the use of this battery with other specific samples and unselected populations.
Consumers’ attitudes, perceived risks and perceived benefits towards repurchase intention of food truck products

PurposeThis study aims to determine the repurchase intention of food truck products based on perceived risks and perceived benefits by consumers within the context of Malaysia. Recently, the food truck industry has been expanding as customers begin to explore alternatives for food convenience. However, there are not many studies carried out on this topic, especially in Asian countries. This study will fill the gaps on the factors that affect repurchase intention, especially perceived risks and perceived benefits of food trucks products.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional online survey was conducted through Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp on consumers with prior experience in buying food truck products. The partial least square (PLS) modelling using the SmartPLS software was employed to analyse the data.FindingsThe results from 294 food truck consumers showed that perceived benefit, food safety, attitude and subjective norm significantly influence food truck products' repurchase intention. On the other hand, perceived risk towards the environment and perceived behavioural control do not substantially affect food truck products' repurchase intention.Research limitations/implicationsThe data collected were related only to the food trucker's customer that operates in Malaysia. Thus, the results might be only applicable to similar other Asian or developing countries.Practical implicationsThe results provided some managerial indicators to improve the level of business efficiency among food truck operators. Besides, marketers and policymakers can develop effective strategies and policies based on this study to develop this industry further.Originality/valueThe study gives a fresh overview of how the food truck business can improve its services in developing countries. The results offer a competitive advantage and how to strengthen customer retention that can improve business performance.
Expectations and Stock Market in Nepal

This study examines the presence of both rational and adaptive expectations hypotheses in the Nepalese stock market by employing panel data analysis under the Fama–French three-factor model. Under the adaptive expectation hypothesis, the book to market equity is an essential determinant in the Nepalese stock market, and only the past 2-year information can explain investment decisions. Likewise, under the rational expectation hypothesis, the value factor, size factor and excess market return are important determinants during the investment decision. The past 3 years of information and the next 3 years of future information are necessary to estimate stock market return under rational expectation. Thus, this study reveals that the investment decision in the Nepalese stock market depends on the investor’s choice and preference upon the factors that are incorporated in the Fama–French three-factor model and the types of expectations in which the investors mostly believe.
Three-Level Unidirectional Rectifiers under Non-Unity Power Factor Operation and Unbalanced Split DC-Link Loading: Analytical and Experimental Assessment

Three-phase three-level unidirectional rectifiers are among the most adopted topologies for general active rectification, achieving an excellent compromise between cost, complexity and overall performance. The unidirectional nature of these rectifiers negatively affects their operation, e.g., distorting the input currents around the zero-crossings, limiting the maximum converter-side displacement power factor, reducing the split DC-link mid-point current capability and limiting the converter ability to compensate the low-frequency DC-link mid-point voltage oscillation. In particular, the rectifier operation under non-unity power factor and/or under constant zero-sequence voltage injection (i.e., when unbalanced split DC-link loading occurs) typically yields large and uncontrolled input current distortion, effectively limiting the acceptable operating region of the converter. Although high bandwidth current control loops and enhanced phase current sampling strategies may improve the rectifier input current distortion, especially at light load, these approaches lose effectiveness when significant phase-shift between voltage and current is required and/or a constant zero-sequence voltage must be injected. Therefore, this paper proposes a complete analysis and performance assessment of three-level unidirectional rectifiers under non-unity power factor operation and unbalanced split DC-link loading. First, the theoretical operating limits of the converter in terms of zero-sequence voltage, modulation index, power factor angle, maximum DC-link mid-point current and minimum DC-link mid-point charge ripple are derived. Leveraging the derived zero-sequence voltage limits, a unified carrier-based pulse-width modulation (PWM) approach enabling the undistorted operation of the rectifier in all feasible operating conditions is thus proposed. Moreover, novel analytical expressions defining the maximum rectifier mid-point current capability and the minimum peak-to-peak DC-link mid-point charge ripple as functions of both modulation index and power factor angle are derived, the latter enabling a straightforward sizing of the split DC-link capacitors. The theoretical analysis is verified on a 30 kW, 20 kHz T-type rectifier prototype, designed for electric vehicle ultra-fast battery charging. The input phase current distortion, the maximum mid-point current capability and the minimum mid-point charge ripple are experimentally assessed across all rectifier operating points, showing excellent performance and accurate agreement with the analytical predictions.
Integrated Modulation of Dual-Parallel NPC Inverters With Eliminated CMV

An integrated zero common-mode voltage (ZCMV) modulation algorithm is developed in this article for dual-parallel neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters treated as an integrated system. While the conventional methods achieve CMV elimination with the cost of worse harmonic performance, the proposed method guarantees a ZCMV and better current quality simultaneously by taking advantage of the extra space vectors provided by paralleling. Specially designed switching sequences are developed to maintain a balanced neutral point of dc bus and keep the averaged value of the circulating current to be zero, ensuring the normal function of parallel NPC inverters. In addition, although the switching sequence design is complicated, a simple approach is proposed and implemented on a commonly used digital signal processor. A laboratory prototype is developed to test the system performance under steady-state conditions and dynamic process in grid-connected operation. Compared with the conventional ZCMV modulation, experimental results verify the effectiveness of the integrated modulation in eliminating the CMV, in addition to the dramatically reduced output current distortion.
Exit, Voice, and Sabotage: Public Service Motivation and Guerrilla Bureaucracy in Times of Unprincipled Political Principals

Democratic backsliding has multiplied “unprincipled” political principals: governments with weak commitment to the public interest. Why do some bureaucrats engage in voice and guerrilla sabotage to thwart policies against the public interest under “unprincipled principals,” yet others do not? Despite its centrality in contemporary governance, this conundrum has not seen quantitative research. We address this gap with survey evidence from 1,700 Brazilian public servants during the Temer Presidency, widely perceived to lack democratic legitimacy and integrity. We focus on one key explanator: public service motivation (PSM). We argue that bureaucrats with greater PSM are more likely to engage in voice and sabotage of “unprincipled policies,” and exit to avoid implementing “unprincipled policies. ” Structural equation models support these hypotheses. Public service-motivated bureaucracies are thus short-run stalwarts against “unprincipled” political principals. Over time, they look to depart, however, leaving “unprincipled” principals a freer hand to pursue policies against the public interest.
Morphology and Ecological Characteristics of Paracyclops Novenarius Reid, 1987: A Cyclopoid Copepod Inhabiting a Highly Contaminated Aquifer in Central-North of Mexico

This work reports the freshwater copepod Paracyclops novenarius, in a water body with high arsenic concentrations. Morphologic analysis, abundances, body size of the copepod and physical and chemical variables of the water (including arsenic concentrations) were evaluated in two different climatic seasons (rainy and dry). Morphological analysis showed that the high arsenic concentrations do not affect the morphology of P. novenarius, including all its development and adult instars. The highest abundances of this species were found in the dry season for all development stages, with values ​​of 1.51 and 1.50, 4.46, 0.21 ind/L-1, for nauplii, copepodites, females, and males, respectively. However, these values are lower than other aquatic systems of the region and the world, without polluting agents. The highest arsenic concentration was found in the dry season (58 mg/L-1) and the lowest during the rainy (54.5 mg/L-1). The body size of the analyzed organisms was larger in rainy compared to dry, with an average of 637.2 ± 42 µm for females and 650 ± 37 µm for males. A Mann-Whitney U test showed significant differences in lengths by season and by arsenic concentration (U = 1284.5, U = 1284.5; p < 0.05). The results of this study could provide information for environmental impact assessments on aquatic systems.
Edge-Guided Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network for Multitemporal Remote Sensing Image Building Change Detection

Building change detection is a very important application in the field of remote sensing. Recently, deep learning (DL) has been introduced to solve the change detection task and achieved good performance, mainly due to the capability of automatically learning deep features. However, the lack of using prior knowledge (e.g., edge structure information) leads to inaccurate detection results, especially in the areas of building boundaries. To solve this problem, an end-to-end DL method for building change detection, named by edge-guided recurrent convolutional neural network (EGRCNN), is proposed in this article. The main idea is to incorporate both discriminative information and edge structure prior in one framework to improve change detection results, especially to generate more accurate building boundaries. First, a siamese convolutional neural network is trained to simultaneously extract primary multilevel features from multitemporal images. Then, a difference analysis module (DAM) is introduced to further produce discriminative features, which is constructed based on the basic long short-term memory module. Finally, both the discriminative features and the estimated edge structure information are jointly exploited to predict building change map. On one hand, the proposed DAM helps to enhance the discrimination between the changed and unchanged regions. On the other hand, the prior edge information is used to push the predicted changed buildings to preserve the original structure, which can further improve the accuracy of building change detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches, in terms of objective metrics and visual comparison results.
Secondary Sexual Trait Melanization in “Black” Scavenger Flies: Nutritional Plasticity and Its Evolution

The black scavenger fly Sepsis thoracica exhibits polyphenic development resulting in alternate small black and large amber male morphs. Although the behavior, ecology, and physiology of both morphs are being scrutinized, the evolutionary origins of the nutritional polyphenism remain poorly understood. I here use a comparative approach to study variation in the degree of melanization of the forefemur—a secondary sexual trait. Melanization showed nutritional plasticity in all species, and character mapping suggests polyphenic development to represent the ancestral character state that was lost repeatedly. That is, interspecific variation among the studied species is mainly caused by the loss and not the gain of polyphenic development. Coevolution between male melanization and mating system differences further implicates sexual selection in the evolution of male melanization. These findings highlight the usefulness of comparative and natural history data in shedding new light on the evolution of phenotypic variation.
The Microstructure and Microscopic Mechanical Performance of Welded Joint for 9%Ni Steel Using Nickel-Based Filler Metal

Abstract Shielded metal arc butt welded joints for 9%Ni steel using nickel-based filler metal were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope, as well as transmission electron microscopy. The nanoindentation method was used to study the correlation between the structure and micromechanical properties of the fusion welded joint. The results show that there is a microstructural evolution from melted deposit to 9%Ni base steel. A significant coarse lath martensite-bainite mixture has been obtained in 9%Ni steel close to the fusion boundary while the retained austenite distributing in grain boundary of lath martensite has reduced to an undetectable level. In fusion boundary, an intermetallic layer has been observed which corresponds to the epitaxial growth of weld metal. The analysis of stress-strain behavior using nanoindentation shows that the heat-affected zone of coarse grains exhibits ductility loss and quantitative plastic deformation failure. The fusion boundary has the lowest value of yield stress while the coarse grained heat affected zone has the maximum value of yield stress.
Writing Apprehension in the Online Classroom: The Limits of Instructor Behaviors

In response to COVID-19, educational stakeholders are transferring traditional, face-to-face instruction to the online learning environment. The purpose of this study was to determine if business instructors’ use of immediate behaviors and clarity, which have been found to help business students overcome their writing apprehension in the face-to-face learning environment, can also be used to help business students to overcome their writing apprehension in an online learning environment. Findings indicated that instructor immediate behaviors and clarity are not interventions for writing apprehension in the online learning environment. The instructional strategies business instructors rely on in the face-to-face classroom did not have the same meaning or effect on the online classroom.
Human-in-the-Loop Efficiency Analysis for Binary Classification in Edyson

Edyson is a human-in-the-loop (HITL) tool for browsing and annotating large amounts of audio data quickly. It builds on temporally disassembled audio and massively multi-component audio environments to overcome the cumbersome time constraints that come with linear exploration of large audio data. This study adds the following contributions to Edyson: 1) We add the new use case of HITL binary classiﬁcation by sample; 2) We explore the new domain oceanic hydrophone recordings with whale song, along with speech activity detection in noisy audio; 3) We propose a repeatable method of analysing the efﬁ-ciency of HITL in Edyson for binary classiﬁcation, speciﬁcally designed to measure the return on human time spent in a given domain. We exemplify this method on two domains, and show that for a manageable initial cost in terms of HITL, it does differentiate between suitable and unsuitable domains for our new use case - a valuable insight when working with large collections of audio.