Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macroeconomic versus International Business Approach to Direct Foreign Investment

Since I published my first paper on direct foreign investment (DFl), a paper entitled "A Macroeconomic Approach to Foreign Direct Investment," in the Hitotsubashi Journa/ of Economics, June 1973 [22], and compiled my studies on related issues in a book, Direct Foreign Investment (London : Croom Helm, 1978) [3l], I have received many valuable comments and suggestions, some favourable, but others less favourable and even critical. Such a wide range of reactions refiects the fact that my approach is founded on the theory of international division of labour (hereafter called the macroeconomic approach), an approach quite different from the existing body of theories, which are presented basically within the managerial economics of international business administration (hereafter called the international business approach). The purpose of this paper is to further elaborate on my own approach to eliminate possible misunderstandings. Section 11 summarises the core tlleorems of the Kojima approach, and Section 111 sorts out a number of important comments I have received. It seems quite important to me that an integrated theory of international tarde and direct investment be established along the lines of the theory of comparative advantage. Without this effort, the desirable effects of DFI cannot be analyzed from a macroeconomic point of view. True, there have lately been several attempts to do so, especially by John H. Dunning and his school, but their approaches are, in my judgement, not satisfactory for they are essentially variants of the international business approach. My critique of their reasoning is presented in Section IV. In order to have DFI contribute effectively and harmoniously to the economic development of Third World countries, Its new roles and new forms need to be explored within the framework of the macroeconomic approach rather than that of the prevailing international business approach. Section V pursues this line of argument. The paper concludes with the observation that how to integrate the macroeconomic approach with the international business approach (that is, microbusiness economics) remains an important topic in future study of the issues surrounding DFI and the multinational corporation.
The Role of Parents in Guiding Pre-School Children’s Use of Computers and the Internet: Analyzing Perceptions of Estonian Children and Parents

Focus group interviews with pre-school children (N=61) and parents (N=20) were carried out to study their perceptions of young children’s computer use and parental mediation strategies. Our results indicate that young children make active use of computers mainly for entertainment and less so for educational reasons. However, rather than enhancing children’s digital literacy development with active mediation, parents either delegate their role as mediators to older siblings or enforce restrictions. The findings may help parents and educators to critically assess their own mediation practices, choose appropriate activities for children and strive to integrate developmentally appropriate uses of computers and the Internet at home and in pre-school settings.
Running head: PERSONALITY TESTS AND CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

This paper studies whether the use of a personality test in the hiring process leads to an increase in the conscientiousness of workers working in an organization. Furthermore, it explores the relation between conscientiousness of employees and various human resource practices. Finally, this paper explores the presence of a sorting effect in which workers self-select into firms with more highly conscientious employees. Using a managerial and an employee survey provided by the workplace employment relations survey 2011, a significant negative relationship between conducting a personality test and the conscientiousness of employees is found. Additionally, a negative relation between conscientiousness and monitoring intensity is found while conscientiousness is found to be positively related to wage and pay for performance. Finally, the results suggest no presence of a sorting effect of conscientious employees within firms. This paper adds to the literature regarding personality human resource management and has implications for the use of human resource practices in firms. Suggesting that a personality test does not lead to more conscientious employees but does increase the efficiency of other human resource practices. PERSONALITY TESTS AND CONSCIENTIOUSNESS 3
Strong sensitivity of the isotopic composition of methane to the plausible range of tropospheric chlorine

Abstract. The 13C isotopic ratio of methane, δ13C of CH4, provides additional constraints on the CH4 budget to complement the constraints from CH4 observations. The interpretation of δ13C observations is complicated, however, by uncertainties in the methane sink. The reaction of CH4 with Cl is highly fractionating, increasing the relative abundance of 13CH4, but there is currently no consensus on the strength of the tropospheric Cl sink. Global model simulations of halogen chemistry differ strongly from one another in terms of both the magnitude of tropospheric Cl and its geographic distribution. This study explores the impact of the intermodel diversity in Cl fields on the simulated δ13C of CH4. We use a set of GEOS global model simulations with different predicted Cl fields to test the sensitivity of the δ13C of CH4 to the diversity of Cl output from chemical transport models. We find that δ13C is highly sensitive to both the amount and geographic distribution of Cl. Simulations with Cl providing 0.28 % or 0.66 % of the total CH4 loss bracket the δ13C observations for a fixed set of emissions. Thus, even when Cl provides only a small fraction of the total CH4 loss and has a small impact on total CH4, it provides a strong lever on δ13C. Consequently, it is possible to achieve a good representation of total CH4 using widely different Cl concentrations, but the partitioning of the CH4 loss between the OH and Cl reactions leads to strong differences in isotopic composition depending on which model's Cl field is used. Comparing multiple simulations, we find that altering the tropospheric Cl field leads to approximately a 0.5 ‰ increase in δ13CH4 for each percent increase in how much CH4 is oxidized by Cl. The geographic distribution and seasonal cycle of Cl also impacts the hemispheric gradient and seasonal cycle of δ13C. The large effect of Cl on δ13C compared to total CH4 broadens the range of CH4 source mixtures that can be reconciled with δ13C observations. Stronger constraints on tropospheric Cl are necessary to improve estimates of CH4 sources from δ13C observations.
Chemical and Technological Characteristics of Fresh Roots of Four Sugar Beet Varieties Harvested at different Periods

The present investigation was carried out with an objective to understand the biochemical and technological changes that occurred in sugar beet roots of four commercial sugar beet varieties under different harvesting at different periods. For this study, four varieties of sugar beet were selected: Pleno, Top, Kawemira, and Ceres poly (P3) with high yield of roots as well as high sugar content. Moisture and ash contents were 75.66 to 81.52% and 2.34 to 3.97%; respectively, at different harvest periods. Total nitrogen content ranged between 0.65 and 2%. TSS ranged between 17.20 and 23.90%. Sucrose content of four varieties ranged between 12.40 and 19.50%. While, white sucrose percentage ranged between 8.76% and 16.35%. The purity of sugar beet roots juice of four varieties harvested at three periods ranged between 68.13% and 81.58%. Quality of fresh sugar beet roots was ranged between 70.65 and 84.58%. This investigation showed the sugar beet manufacturing at 210 days gives the lowest percentage of nitrogen substance, thus sugar percentage increased in comparison with early periods.
Reconceptualising Solidarity in the Social Factory: Cultural Work between Economic Needs and Political Desires

This article reconceptualises work-based solidarity as political action that is distinct from, yet interlinked with, a socio-economic mode of activity. To extend existing relational approaches to work, this article reads a case study of a cultural initiative through Hannah Arendt’s notions of labour, work and (political) action. With the latter being a form of engagement marked by plurality – the co-presence of equality and difference – the analysis shows how work-based solidarity as political activity is a temporary and precarious phenomenon. It necessitates constant engagement of various material and discursive elements to create its conditions. This article also shows how work-based solidarity is enabled through particular arrangements of activities stretching over both the socio-economic and the political sphere in a way that maintains the political mode of work distinct from socio-economic reasoning without ignoring its economic necessities.
A Systematic Review of Human Resource Management Systems and Their Measurement

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Maximizing the Tolerance of Wheat Plants to Soil Salinity Using Cobalt 2-Some Physiological and Chemical Characteristics

Two field experiments were carried out at El-HamoulKafrEl-Seikh governorate, Delta Egypt as a saline soil, during 2009, 2010 to study effect of cobalt on growth, yield quantity and quality, under salinity condition. Wheat seedling at the third truly leaf were irrigated by cobalt reached water once. Cobalt was added in the form of CaSO4 7H2O in 8 levels: 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, 70.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5 and 20.0 ppm. After heading stage, leaf water potential, endogenous hormones (IAA, GAS, cytokinine and ABA) and proline content were determined. The obtained results could be summarized as follows:  Cobalt at 15.0 ppm decrease leaf water potential and gave the highest IAA, GAS and cytokinine contents.  Abscisic acid showed gradual increase as cobalt addition increased.  Proline content increased in leaves of all cobalt levels.  Cobalt at 15.0 ppm enhanced the status of N, P, K, Mn, Zn and Cu in wheat seeds while increasing cobalt level.  Increasing cobalt concentration in plant media up to 15.0 ppm had a promotive effect on seeds chemical constituents.  Increasing cobalt levels in plant media above 15.0 ppm had adverse effect.
An Assessment of the Use of mobile phones as sources of Agricultural information by tobacco Smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe

The purpose of this research was to assess the use of mobile phones as sources of agricultural information by smallholder tobacco farmers in Zimbabwe. The study’s findings inform the policy makers by providing deeper insights which may be useful to both national and international initiatives aimed at mobile phones for development (M4D). The study provides greater nuances to the people into the understanding of the implications of mobile communication technologies to assist in the achievement of development initiatives. A survey approach was used in conducting this research, in which questionnaires, interviews and focus groups were the data collection tools. A sample of 175 smallholder tobacco farmers from Hurungwe District in Mashonaland West province (Zimbabwe) was selected for data collection, along with 4 agricultural experts for conducting focus group discussions. The research bases on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model; consequently, a positivist research philosophy was adopted for this research. A mixed method (triangulation) was used. The results show that 85.51 % of smallholder tobacco farmers use their mobile phones to access agricultural information. Some of the major highlights are that there is no relationship between farmers’ use of mobile phones in agriculture and their socio-economic characteristics. The findings also confirm that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions have positive influences on the Behavioural Intention (BI) of Zimbabwean farmers to use mobile phones as sources of agricultural information.
Effect of consumer innovativeness on new product purchase intentions through learning process and perceived value

Abstract Prior research on the impact of consumer innovativeness on new product purchase intentions experienced confusion about the definition of innovativeness and the interest in a specific domain. To fill the gaps, this study builds a new model to examine the multivariate effects of different variables on new product purchase intentions in general and the interplay between all latent variables. We tested a sample of 438 responses that reflect the perspectives of the public in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, by using partial least squares/structural equation modeling. Substantively, perceived value intercedes in the impact of consumer innovativeness on purchase intentions. Similarly, the learning process mediates the effect of consumer innovativeness on purchase intentions, whereas perceived value mediates the effect of the learning process on purchase intentions. Finally, the learning process and perceived value mediate the effect of consumer innovativeness on new product purchase intentions.
Beneficial Effects of Compost Manure, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Green Onion Yield in Relation to Thrips Insects Population

This study was conducted to investigated the effect of compost and rates of nitrogen (50, 70 and 90 units / fed) and phosphorus (30, 45 and 60 units/ fed) and their interaction on the growth and yield of green onions in Fayoum Governorate during the winter season. 2016/2017 and 2017/2018.The data showed that the addition of organic fertilizer resulted in a significant increase in all studied traits, whether vegetative growth, total green yield / fed and TSS Regarding to amounts of of N,P and K in the leaves. It noticed that, the interaction effect of compost with gradual rates N and P fertilizers resulted in significant gradual increases. It also explained that the increase of nitrogen rates led to a significant increase in all the studied traits except the TSS which decreased by increasing nitrogen. The results showed a significant increase in all the studied traits by increasing the phosphorus. The best result was organic fertilization with the lowest nitrogen and the highest phosphorus.It is clear from the study that organic fertilization with increased rate of nitrogen and phosphorus leads to increase the growth as well as the green yield of onions except TSS, which decrease the increase rate of nitrogen fertilization. As for the thrips population, the results showed no significant differences in the thrips population count for the individual effects of each factor of the study separately, but the results showed that there was a significant effect of the interaction between the studied factors
A Verification of Numerical Model Forecasts for Sounding–Derived Indices above Udine, NE Italy

In this work, forty different indices derived from real soundings and the corresponding ECMWF model forecasts for the same location (near Udine, NE Italy) are compared. This comparison is repeated for more than 500 days, from June 2004 through December 2005. The comparison is performed in terms of linear correlation, bias, root mean squared error and relative absolute error. The results show that the quality of agreement varies considerably for the different indices and for the different lead times. It is found that only fifteen indices have strong correlations (R 2 always larger than 0.5) which hold up to the fourth forecast day (+96 h). The indices having best agreement are usually representative of the thermal fields while those having worst agreement are usually representative of the wind fields, particularly in the low levels. It is also found that the correlations for all the forty indices change for the four times of the day (one sounding every 6 h), with the 12UTC comparison being usually the best one. Also, at 18 and 00UTC the potential instability is strongly underestimated by the model. To test if these errors depend on the vertical resolutions a similar comparison has been done between the observed sounding reduced in TEMP format (which are assimilated by the GCM model) and the originals at high vertical resolution. It is found that the indices derived from the TEMP format vary from those with the highest resolution, in particular the indices which depend on the details of the low level profile, such as the level of free convection and the initial height of the lifted parcel. Nevertheless, only the shear has a very low correlation (R = 0.15) with the corresponding index derived from the high resolution soundings, because it is very sensitive to the number of vertical levels used. A Verification of Numerical Model Forecasts for Sounding–Derived Indices above Udine, NE Italy 3
Model-robust design of mixture experiments

Abstract Optimal designs are often used for constrained mixture experiments because of the irregular design spaces. For these experiments, the number of blends needed to fit standard linear models may be too large when considering second- or third-order terms. We present a computationally-tractable algorithm for generating model-robust mixture designs that exploits anticipated effect sparsity by using a set of models defined by a user-specified number of higher-order terms. We compared the model-robust designs with Bayesian-optimal designs, and the model-robust designs show an improved ability to either estimate realistic models or make predictions for mixture experiments.
How Discrepancies in Medication Records Affect the Creation and Trust in a Shared Electronic Medication List in Norway

A shared electronic medication list is being piloted in Norway. By use of interviews and comparing medication records, we investigate how errors in current paper-based medication lists affect the creation of the shared electronic list. Of 367 patients, 88 % had discrepancies in their records between the GP, the home care service and dispensing pharmacy prior to start-up. Though the GPs experienced the medicines reconciliation and creation of the shared list very time consuming, the home care service and the pharmacy reported many errors in the first list created. Increased communication during the start-up will probably facilitate the trust in and use of the shared electronic medication list with further implementation.
The impact of firm-specific investor sentiment on Finnish daily stock returns

Investor sentiment literature adds to asset pricing theory by assuming investors make biased investment decisions. When acting in concert, biased, noisy investors cause inefficient pricing patterns in the stock market. In contrast with the efficient market hypothesis, behavioral finance theory assumes that these inefficiencies remain a factor due to limits of arbitrage. Investor sentiment functions as the measure for this biased, emotional factor. In this thesis the relationship between investor sentiment and daily stock returns for Finnish publicly listed companies is investigated. Three sentiment indicators, the adjusted turnover rate, trading volume and overnight returns are used in a composite sentiment index fashion. The raw indicators are regressed against market and firm variables to isolate the irrational, noisy and unexplainable effect. Using Principal Component Analysis to reduce the dimensionality to one factor, firmand portfoliospecific sentiment indices are created. The relationship between sentiment and returns is examined with regression analyses. The regression results indicate that investor sentiment does not have a significant effect on next-day returns. When the sentiment indicator effects are separated, the relationship between trading volume and next-day returns is positive and significant. This finding potentially indicates that trading volume captures institutional investor behavior and that there are signs of herding behavior on the Finnish stock market. The reverse effect is found for the relationship between overnight returns and next-day returns, as the effect is negative and significant. This finding indicates that rational investors correct the pricing errors caused by retail investors in after-hours trading already on the following day. No conclusive results were found for the adjusted turnover rate. Furthermore, the relationship between trading volume and realized returns is more prominent for small, volatile and unprofitable stocks, indicating that speculative stocks are influenced by limits to arbitrage. A weak reverse effect was found for overnight returns and no such effect was found for the adjusted turnover rate.
Characterising SRD5A2 Gene Variants in 37 Indonesian Patients with 5-Alpha-Reductase Type 2 Deficiency

The 5-alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency (5ARD2) is an autosomal recessive condition associated with impairment in the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. This condition leads to undervirilisation in 46,XY individuals. To date, there have been more than 100 variations identified in the gene responsible for 5ARD2 development (steroid 5-alpha-reductase 2, SRD5A2). However, few studies have examined the molecular characterisation of Indonesian 5ARD2 cases. In the current study, we analysed 37 subjects diagnosed with 46,XY DSD (disorders of sex development) with confirmed variations in the SRD5A2 gene. We examined results from testosterone/dihydrotestosterone (T/DHT) and urinary etiocholanolone/androsterone (Et/An) ratios, as well as from molecular and clinical analyses. Twelve variants in the SRD5A2 gene were identified, and 6 of which were novel, namely, c.34–38delGinsCCAGC, p.Arg50His, p.Tyr136∗, p.Gly191Arg, p.Phe194Ile, and p.Ile253Val variants. Moreover, we determined that 20 individuals contained harmful mutations, while the remaining 17 variants were benign. Those containing harmful mutations exhibited more severe phenotypes with median external genitalia masculinisation scores (EMS) of 3 (1.5–9) and were more likely to be diagnosed at a later age, reared as female, and virilised at pubertal age. In addition, the respective sensitivities for detecting severe 5ARD2 cases using T/DHT (cutoff: 10) and urinary Et/An ratios (cutoff: 0.95) were 85% and 90%, whereas mild cases were only identified with 64.7% and 47.1% sensitivity, respectively. Although we were unable to identify clear correlations between genotypic and phenotypic characteristics in this study, we clearly showed that individuals who were homozygous or compound heterozygous for any of the harmful mutations were more likely to exhibit classic 5ARD2 phenotypes, lower EMS, female assignment at birth, and virilisation during puberty. These results serve to inform the development of improved clinical and molecular 5ARD2 diagnostic approaches, specifically in Indonesian patients.