Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early spring subglacial discharge plumes fuel under-ice primary production at a Svalbard tidewater glacier

Abstract. Subglacial upwelling of nutrient-rich bottom water is known to sustain elevated summer primary production in tidewater-glacier-influenced fjord systems. However, the importance of subglacial upwelling during the early spring season has not been considered yet. We hypothesized that subglacial discharge under sea ice is present in early spring and that its flux is sufficient to increase phytoplankton primary productivity. We evaluated the effects of the submarine discharge on primary production in a seasonally fast-ice covered Svalbard fjord (Billefjorden) influenced by a tidewater outlet glacier in April and May 2019. We found clear evidence for subglacial discharge and upwelling. Although the estimated bottom-water entrainment factor (1.6) and total fluxes were lower than in summer studies, we still observed substantial impact on the fjord ecosystem and primary production at this time of the year. The subglacial discharge leads to a salinity-stratified surface water layer and sea ice formation with low bulk salinity and permeability. The combination of the stratified surface layer, a 2-fold higher under-ice irradiance due to thinner snow cover, and higher N and Si concentrations at the glacier front supported phytoplankton primary production 2 orders of magnitude higher (42.6 mg C m−2 d−1) compared to a marine reference site at the fast-ice edge. Reciprocal transplant experiments showed that nutrient supply increased phytoplankton primary production by approximately 30 %. The brackish-water sea ice at the glacier front with its low bulk salinity contained a reduced brine volume, limiting the inhabitable brine channel space and nutrient exchange with the underlying seawater compared to full marine sea ice. Microbial and algal communities were substantially different in subglacial-influenced water and sea ice compared to the marine reference site, sharing taxa with the subglacial outflow water. We suggest that with climate change, the retreat of tidewater glaciers in early spring could lead to decreased under-ice phytoplankton primary production. In contrast, sea ice algae production and biomass may become increasingly important, unless sea ice disappears first, in which case spring phytoplankton primary production may increase.
“Cognitive control in media multitaskers” ten years on: A meta-analysis

In the decade since Ophir, Nass, and Wagner’s (2009) seminal study numerous researchers have investigated possible associations between media multitasking and cognitive control. Extending recent reviews, the present study provides a synthesis of extant research into this association across measurement approachs and cognitive functions. Following a systematic search and selection process, 118 assessments were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled effect size of the association, across measurement approaches and cognitive control functions, is small. This association is moderated both by the measurement approach as well as by the outcome variables targeted. These differences are tested and explained in detail. Building on the findings, it is recommended that research be conducted to determine the sources of heterogeneity in outcomes, understand differences between measurement approaches, and address causality and theoretical mechanisms. Overall, the review suggests that, ten years on, we are no closer to understanding ‘cognitive control in media multitaskers. ’
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ALIEN CRAB PERCNON GIBBESI (DECAPODA, BRACHYURA, GRAPSIDAE) FROM THE MALTESE ISLANDS

A preliminary account on habitat preferences, bathymetric distribution, population density, and aspects of the reproductive biology of the alien grapsid Percnon gibbesi in the Maltese Islands is given. This alien was first recorded from Malta in 2001 and has since established breeding populations in suitable habitats throughout the Maltese islands where of its preferred habitat types, upper infralittoral boulder fields or rock faces with a sparse algal cover, are available. The crab breeds in summer and recruits in winter. Female crabs may produce up to 30,000 eggs per spawning. Interactions with the native grapsid Pachygrapsus marmoratus were observed.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY CHANGES IN MYOPIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION BEFORE AND AFTER INTRAVITREAL RANIBIZUMAB INJECTION

Background: Progressive and excessive elongation of the globe may lead to many complication one of them is myopic choroidal neovascularization which can be diagnosed with FFA, OCT and OCTA and treated with intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab. Objective: To investigate morphological changes in myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) using optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) after treatment with ranibizumab. Patients and methods: This study is prospective cross sectional interventional study on 50 high myopic eyes with naive mCNV. All patients were imaged at baseline with color pictures, FFA, OCT and OCT-A at baseline and after treatment. Results: There was a significant improvement of best corrected visual acuity and decrease in central foveal thickness after intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab. Optical coherence tomography angiography can detect myopic choroidal neovascularization with high sensitivity with different patterns (sea-fan, medusa and treein-bud) but after treatment this abnormal vascularization may not be detected in some cases and lower number of injection needed in tree-in-bud pattern. Conclusion: OCTA can be used in diagnosis of mCNV with high sensitivity (88 %) with three patterns treein-bud, medusa and sea-fan with tree-in-bud represents the most common pattern of mCNV. Ranibizumab intravitreal injection is an effective treatment in mCNV using 1+PRN protocol with significant improvement of BCVA and decrease in CFT. Unlike CNV due to AMD mCNV may regress with single or double injection with improvement of BCVA and larger number of injection is usually needed in older age patients and with mature patterns (medusa and sea-fan) of mCNV.
Template Created By: James Nail 2010 EFFECT OF STRAIN CROSS, GENDER, AND SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN MARINATION ON BROILER MEAT QUALITY By

A randomized complete block design within a factorial arrangement of treatments was used to evaluate the effect of strain and sex on carcass characteristics, meat quality and sensory acceptability. Two broiler strains were reared, a commercially available strain (Strain A), and a strain currently in the test phase (Strain B) that has been genetically selected to maximize breast yield. Broilers were harvested in a pilot scale processing plant using commercial prototype equipment at 42 d of age. Carcasses were deboned at 4 h post mortem. The left half of each breast was evaluated for pH, color, cooking loss, shear force, and proximate analysis. The right side of each breast was used for consumer acceptability testing. Thigh meat was evaluated for proximate composition. No interactions were observed throughout the study. Male broilers had a higher (P<0.05) live body weight, carcass weight, breast weight and lower (P<0.05) dressing percentage and breast meat yield when compared to females. Broilers from strain B presented a higher (P<0.05) breast yield and dressing percentage than those broilers corresponding to the commercially available broiler strain. At 24 h post mortem, female broilers presented a lower ultimate pH and higher CIE b* values (ventral side of the pectoralis major) when compared to male broilers. On average, no differences existed (P>0.05) among treatments with respect to pH decline, cooking loss, shear values, and proximate composition. In
Geraghty type contractions in fuzzy b-metric spaces with application to integral equations

In this paper, we study the notion of a fuzzy b-metric space and establish certain fixed point results for Geraghty-type contraction in the setting of G-complete fuzzy b-metric space. We furnish an example to illustrate our main result. Our results extend and generalize the existing results in the literature. An application related to our main result for the existence of solution of nonlinear integral equations is also presented.
Influence of particle size and total organic carbon on heavy metal concentrations in sediments of Lake Baringo, Kenya

Heavy metals impair water and sediment quality and thus, can cause adverse impacts on aquatic organisms especially when they exceed the recommended threshold levels. Heavy metal concentrations in water and sediments are a reflection of the anthropogenic activities on the watershed as well as the geology of the area. Metal concentrations and subsequently their bioavailability are influenced by the sediment characteristics including particle size and total organic carbon among others. This study determined the concentration of heavy metals cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in the sediments in relation to grain size and total organic carbon in Lake Baringo. Samples were collected from five sites using a grab sampler and analyzed for total heavy metals using AAS. Particle size classification was done using the sieve method, while organic carbon (OC) was estimated using the Loss on Ignition (L.O.I) method. One way ANOVA revealed significant difference in mean Cu concentrations amongst the sampling sites at P<0.05 (F (4, 14) =6.945 p=0.01). However, there was no significant differences in the levels of Cd and Hg, that is, F (4, 14) =0.03, p= 1.0 and F (4, 14) = 0.36 p=0.83 respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of Cd and Hg. Sites with higher percentages of silt and clay recorded a higher concentration of Cd and Cu as well as percentage of TOC. The results indicated the pollution of the lake by heavy metals presented an ecological and a human health concern requiring monitoring.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Students toward Fast Food in Assiut University

Background: Consumption of fast foods has become a hallmark of modern urban and semi urban life style that have many adverse effects on health. Aim: To assess knowledge and attitudes of students toward fast food in Assiut university. Subject and Method: a descriptive cross sectional research design was used. The study conducted at four faculties of Assiut University among 1217 students who were selected by simple random sample. Tools: In this study utilized three tools for gathering data: the first tool; a structured self-administered questionnaire which included socio-demographic characteristic scale, knowledge and consumption of fast food, the second tool; attitude toward fast food and the last tool; anthropometric measurements. Results: It was found that 63.3% of studied students were males and 52.9% of them with middle socioeconomic class. Also the study cleared that 91.9%from students having fast food, whereas a positive correlation between total score of student’s knowledge and attitude toward fast food with statistical significant difference between having fast food, knowledge and attitude. Conclusions: the outcome of present study concluded that lack of students' knowledge and had positive attitude about fast food. Recommendation: Periodic health education programs regarding effects of fast food on health.
Effect of seed processing on chemical composition and anti-nutritional contents of Acacia saligna seed

An experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and anti-nutritional content of Acacia saligna seeds subjected to soaking and roasting. Each seed processing method was compared with raw seed. There was a significant ( P 0.05) difference among CP, EE, CF, NFE and ash content. Raw seeds were composed of 28.2 % CP, 15.5 % EE, 14.4 % CF, 36.8 % NFE and 5.10% ash; 28.4 % CP, 14.5 % EE, 13.3 % CF, 38.5 % NFE and 5.24% ash, and 28.3 % CP, 15.1 % EE, 15.3 % CF, 35.8 % NFE and 5.58% ash for soaked and roasted seeds, respectively. The average tannin and phytate contents were 0.525, 0.498 and 0.322 mg/g and 0.828, 0.816 and 0.132 mg/g for raw, soaked and roasted seeds, respectively. Highest reduction of tannin (38.7%) and phytate (84.1%) was observed in roasted seeds as compared to raw and soaked seeds. A.saligna seeds have a potential chemical composition (crude protein and energy) but have some anti-nutritional factors like tannin and phytate. Hence, seeds can be incorporated in animal feeding with proper processing methods.
Influence of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Capsicum Oleoresin Encapsulated by Globular Protein

We studied herein the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the physical properties of capsicum oleoresin encapsulated with globular protein, such as whey protein isolates (WPI), soybean protein isolates (SPI), and casein protein (CSP). After pressurization at 0.1, 100, 200, and 300 MPa with various concentrations (0.1, 1, 2, and 5 wt%) of proteins, the particle size, ζ-potential, and interface tension were evaluated. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiency (EE), release study, and morphology were investigated to study the effects of high hydrostatic pressurization upon emulsion stability. While the pressurized emulsion droplet size of capsicum oleoresin emulsion with the protein decreased, the 0.1 wt% concentration of SPI presented the smallest size at 257.37 nm. The interface tension of all protein emulsions decreased slightly after high-pressure treatment according to the increment of the pressure level. EE (%) of the WPI, SPI, and CSP emulsions increased when the pressure level increased. The lowest EE 48.91% was presented in pressurized WPI emulsion at 0.1 MPa while CSP emulsion at 300 MPa showed the highest EE about 65.76%. Over twelve hours, the core material of the pressurized protein emulsions was released slowly compared to non-pressurized conditions with the WPI and CSP emulsions. At the end of the storage of the WPI and CSP non-pressured emulsions, the remaining amount of encapsulated capsicum oleoresin was only 10% and 40%, respectively, less than emulsions treated under high pressurization. Thus, the high pressurized protein could be a candidate for the encapsulation of the capsicum oleoresin.
Impact of serum vitamin D level on severity of asthma in children

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease among children characterized by reversible airway obstruction. Vitamin D plays an important role in many immune and allergic diseases and it may have a role in asthmatic patients, however this association yet remains uncertain. The present study was designed to assess the level of serum Vitamin D in patients with bronchial asthma and it’s correlation with disease severity. Methods: A prospective observational study was performed from April 2019 to February 2020 in the Paediatric OPD of LNMC and JK Hospital Bhopal. All 90 children with physician diagnosed bronchial asthma (mild, moderate and severe) aged 10 to 18 years of both genders who have come in the OPD (total enumeration sampling) during the above mentioned period were enrolled in to the study. The patients were grouped on the basis of Vitamin D sufficiency and Vitamin D levels were correlated with disease severity. Results: The study comprised 54 boys (60%) and 36 girls (40%) with mean age of 15.1±3.96. Out of 90 children enrolled, 46 had good control over asthma and 37 had uncontrolled asthma. As regards asthma control, 25-OH Vitamin D was lowest among patients with uncontrolled asthma. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in asthmatic patients and there was a direct and a significant relationship between serum Vitamin D levels, severity of asthma, control of asthma, serum IgE levels and blood eosinophils count. Thus, measuring serum levels of Vitamin D followed by supplementation could be considered in the routine assessment of patients with bronchial asthma.
MICROPROPAGATION OF EGYPTIAN DATE PALM C.V SELMY THROUGH FLORAL BUDS CULTURE

The totally closed date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) female spathe was surface sterilized by sprayed with ethyl alcohol 70 % prior to aseptic conditions transfer, then flamed. To minimize fast oxidative browning, inflorescence stalks were shortened down to 3 cm then immersed in sterilized antioxidant solution containing citric and ascorbic acids 150 mg/L each for 2 hours, prior to culture. Modified MS medium supplemented with NOA (5 mg/L) + NAA (5 mg/L) + 2iP (1 mg/L) + BA (1 mg/L) was superior in explant survival %, callus formation %, creamy callus colour % and subsequently embryogenic callus formation % after 4 months of incubation. The modified medium (3/4 salts strength) supplemented with IBA (0.3 mg/L) and 2iP (0.5 mg/L) was recorded higher percentage values of embryos formation and the highest significant percentage values of number of embryos as well as embryos fresh weight (g) after 6 weeks of incubation. Embryos cultured on the previous medium in addition to putrescine (100 mg/L) obtained significant values of multiplication rate and growth value as well as total soluble protein and PAL activity after 3 weeks of incubation. Individual shootlets cultured on basal MS medium (3/4 salts strength) supplemented with putrescine (100 mg/L) and IBA (0.5 mg/L) achieved the highest significant values of root formation %, number of roots and root length (cm) as well as PAL activity after 2 months of incubation. On the other hand, using of soil culture containing compost and perlite (1:1, v/v) significantly recorded the highest survival percentage, number of leaves/plantlet and leaf length (cm) for plantlets after three months of acclimatization.
Impact of negative triangularity plasma shaping on the n = 0 resistive wall mode in a tokamak

The axisymmetric (n = 0) resistive wall mode instability is numerically investigated for the negative triangularity plasma shape, which has shown several benefits in terms of improved confinement time and fusion engineering. To evaluate the shape effects, we modified a MHD instability code AVSTAB (Axisymmetric Vertical STABility), which calculates the marginally controllable elongation in a simplified feedback capability parameter. The plasma characteristics (poloidal beta and internal inductance) as well as the geometric effects (wall shape and plasma location) are important to determine the instability. In contrast to positive triangularity, the higher poloidal beta provides more instability drive for the negative triangularity because of the higher Shafranov shift and the higher elongation of the inner flux surface of the MHD equilibrium. Non-conformal wall shapes to the plasmas (positive triangularity wall and negative triangularity plasma) are found to be rather helpful to stabilize the n = 0 mode, unless the plasma is too close to the walls at the nulls for the opposite triangularity.
About IJMA

Article information Background: Urinary incontinence [UI] is any urinary leak. It is a common and stressful health condition, which have an impact on patient’s quality of life. It is more prevalent among women than men [2:1]. Risk factors include pregnancy, parturition, and menopause. The aim of the work: The work study aimed to assess the value of urodynamics prior to stress incontinence surgery [SUI] with regard to outcome, as well as the costs, in women complaining from SUI. Patients and Methods: This study carried out at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Azhar University Hospital [Assiut Branch]. It included 20 females, 30-40 years old, who were suffering from SUI free from any medical diseases or previous surgeries of urinary tract. All were submitted to urodynamic study before surgical correction by anterior colpourethroraphy [El Hemaly operation] and outcome was documented. Results: The results of filling phase revealed that, the infused and bladder filling were significantly increased, while volume lost through leakage was significantly reduced after intervention than corresponding values before surgery [514.3±155.29, 473.2±174.89 and 55.8±50.96 vs 359.3±193, 238.25±142.59 and 120±68.17, respectively]. Sensation results revealed that, there was statistically significant increase of volume at first sensations, first desire, normal desire, strong desire, urgency and maximum cystometric capacity, when compared to volumes before surgery. Conclusion: Anterior colpourethroraphy [El-Hemaly operation] was an effective option, technically feasible with low complications and consistent patient satisfaction. Urodynamic study remains the most comprehensive method in the assessment of the bladder and urethral function. Submitted: 21-09-2021 Accepted: 18-11-2021 DOI: 10.21608/IJMA.2021. 81549.1330 *Corresponding author Email: kingfaisalobs@gmail.com Citation: Mustafa FA, Sayed ZS, Gawish M. Anterior Colpourethroraphy [El Hemaly Operation] for Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: A urodynamic Evaluation. IJMA 2022 Jan; 4 [1]: 1970-1974 [DOI: 10.21608/IJMA.2021. 81549.1330].
Overview of 254 mild cases of COVID-19 in Bangladeshi cohort: a cross-sectional observation

Background: The first recognition of a cluster of COVID-19 patients in China in late 2019, has become a major concern due to its greater transmissibility and vulnerability of the patient to turn to fever, cough, breathlessness, pneumonia then eventually severe acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring intensive care unit (ICU) support. But most of the affected patients get cured following mild symptoms and very only a few of them get hospitalized. The objective of the study was to observe the demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, and biomarkers (hematological, inflammatory, hepatic, renal, and metabolic) of mild cases of COVID-19 infected patients admitted to the hospital during the peak four months of the pandemic. Methods: Age, sex, symptoms, comorbidities, and biomarkers (Hb%, WBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, platelet count, HCT(hematocrit), NLR(neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, d-NLR derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, PLR(platelet-lymphocyte-ratio), d-Dimer, ferritin, CRP(C-reactive protein), PT(prothrombin time), INR(international normalized ratio), SGPT, S.creatinine, HbA1C of all rt-PCR positive mild cases were recorded in this retrospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital dedicated to COVID-19 at Dhaka, Bangladesh was done from 15th May to 9th September, 2020. Age, sex, symptoms, and comorbidities were compared by chi-square test and biomarkers were compared by one-way ANOVA. Results: Out of 254 cases 44 were female and 210 were male with a ratio of 1:4.77. Average age was 39.04. Largest population belongs to the 30-39 years of age range. Among the symptoms, anorexia (18.5%), fever (17.71%), and anosmia (16.9%) were most prevalent symptoms among the mild cases. However, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) were predominant comorbidities. Mostly all the biomarkers were significant among groups (Hb%, Total WBC, neutrophil count, platelet count, HCT, NLR, d-NLR, d-Dimer, ferritin, CRP, PT, SGPT, creatinine, HbA1C except lymphocyte count, PLR, and INR. The severity of disease progression depends on the co-morbidity and hyper-responsiveness inflammatory or immunological biomarkers to predict. Conclusions: In mild cases of COVID-19 male predominance was more and the most affected group was 30-39 years. They suffered more from anorexia and fever and DM and HTN were common comorbidities. Mostly all the biomarkers were significant. Moreover, further large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the number of mild cases and their prognostic features to develop and modify the treatment strategy and public health awareness time to time.