Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Properties of Type I and Type II Binding Proteins in the Cyclic Adenosine 3':5'-Monophosphate-dependent Protein Kinase System in Wilms' Tumor1

We compared the relative amounts and properties of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-binding proteins in sur gical specimens of Wilms' tumor and normal kidney. Cytosolic fractions of both tissues contained type I and type II isozymes of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (adenosine triphosphate: protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37). Among tumor sam ples, the mean ratio of type I to type II cAMP-binding activity was 2.76 Â±0.52 (S.D.) contrasted with 1.36 Â±0.23 for normal kidney (p < 0.001). The total soluble cAMP-binding activities in normal and malignant tissues differed only slightly. Photoaffinity labeling of cytosol from either tissue, using cyclic adenosine 3':5'-[8-az/cto-32P]monophosphate, disclosed three cAMP-binding proteins (Mr 47,000, 51,000, and 55,000) that were identified as regulatory subunits of the holoenzyme. Three lower-molecu lar-weight proteins with unknown function were considered to be proteolytic products of the larger proteins. The M, 47,000 protein, a monomeric regulatory subunit of type I kinase, was clearly the dominant protein in tumor specimens, but it was much less abundant in normal kidney. The temperature sensitivities of the cAMP-binding proteins and their dissociation constants for cyclic adenosine 3':5'-[8-az/cto-32P]monophosphate incorpora tion did not differ appreciably between tumor and normal tissues. Wilms' tumor appears to have a full complement of regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase that are capable of normal cellular function.
Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A ( H 1 N 1 ) / NAH 274 Y Persists Without Drug Pressure in 1 Infected Mallards

3 Anna Gillman #, Shaman Muradrasoli, Hanna Söderström, Fredrik Holmberg, Neus 4 Latorre-Margalef*, Conny Tolf, Jonas Waldenström, Gunnar Gunnarsson, Björn Olsen, 5 Josef D. Järhult 6 7 Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 8 Uppsala, Sweden; Zoonosis Science Centre, Department of Medical Biochemistry and 9 Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Sciences 10 and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 11 Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Centre for Ecology 12 and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden; Division 13 of Natural Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden. 14 15
Tropospheric Rossby Wave Breaking and the SAM

An objective analysis of tropospheric anticyclonicand cyclonic-breaking Rossby waves is performed for the Southern Hemisphere in austral summer (December–February) of 1979–2009. The climatology of both anticyclonic and cyclonic Rossby wave breaking (RWB) frequency is presented. The frequency of anticyclonic RWB is highest in an extended region of the Eastern Hemisphere on the anticyclonic side of the jet, while that of cyclonic RWB is highest on the cyclonic side of the jet. A composite analysis of anticyclonic and cyclonic RWB shows how they contribute to a positive and negative southern annual mode (SAM) index, respectively. The time series of austral summer anticyclonic RWB occurrence has a trend that closely matches the trend in the SAM index. Regions of RWB that are significantly correlated with the SAM index are objectively determined. Even though several such regions are identified, only two regions (anticyclonic and cyclonic) covering 17% of the area of the hemisphere are required in a linear regression model of the SAM index. The anticyclonic RWB region is zonally extended at 458S and explains 78% of the variability of the summer-mean SAM index. The cyclonic region is located at high latitudes somewhat decoupled from the jet, in the longitudinal sector of the Indian Ocean. On synoptic time scales, transitions of the SAM index respond to RWB without time lag. ENSO cycles present an interesting zonal asymmetry to the distribution of Southern Hemispheric RWB in the central Pacific. Anticyclonic RWB is increased in the tropical/subtropical central Pacific during La Niña compared to El Niño. This increase is related to the strong local decrease in zonal wind. At the same time, anticyclonic RWB outside the central Pacific is increased in frequency poleward and decreased in frequency equatorward of 428S, corresponding to a positive SAM index.
Prostaglandins Enhance EGF-induced DNA synthesis in Hepatocytes by Stimulation of EP3 and FP Receptors*

Prostaglandins stimulate hepatocyte proliferation in vivo and in vitro. We have examined the role of EP and FP receptors in enhancing the growth stimulatory effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in cultured hepatocytes. The EP2 receptor agonist butaprost had no significant effect on EGF-induced DNA synthesis. EP1 receptor-selective antagonists did not affect the enhancement by prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) of EGF-stimulated DNA synthesis. Sulprostone, misoprostol, and fluprostenol strongly enhanced DNA synthesis and inhibited glucagon-stimulated cAMP accumulation, indicating that they all activated EP3 receptors. Sulprostone and fluprostenol, and to a lesser extent misoprostol, stimulated accumulation of inositol phosphates. The effects of fluprostenol and sulprostone on phospholipase C were inhibited by the FP receptor antagonist AL-8810, indicating that this effect was mediated by FP receptors. Inhibition of protein kinase C with GF109203X resulted in a partial reduction of the growth stimulation induced by fluprostenol, indicating a minor role of FP receptors. Combining fluprostenol with misoprostol, but not with sulprostone, resulted in partially additive effects on DNA synthesis, suggesting that both EP3 and FP receptors are involved. Combining sulprostone with misoprostol did not result in additive effects on DNA synthesis, suggesting that EP4 receptors were not involved. We conclude that while a minor effect is exerted by FP receptors, the growth stimulatory effects of prostaglandins in rat hepatocytes are mediated mainly by EP3 receptors. We have found no evidence of EP1 receptor involvement.
a of TNF-Release of TNF-R2, Resulting in Inactivation Evades Apoptosis of Host Macrophages by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenic

Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) induces human alveolar macrophage (AM f ) apoptosis by a TNF- a -dependent mechanism. The apoptotic response is postulated to be a defense mechanism, limiting the growth of this intracellular pathogen. Consistent with that model, recent studies showed that the virulent MTB strain H37Rv induces substantially less AM f apoptosis than the attenuated strain H37Ra. We now report that AM f infection with either H37Rv or H37Ra induces comparable levels of TNF- a measured by ELISA but that TNF- a bioactivity is reduced in supernatants of H37Rv-infected AM f . Differential release of soluble TNFR2 (sTNFR2), with formation of inactive TNF- a -TNFR2 complexes accounted for the difference in TNF- a bioactivity in these cultures. Release of sTNFR2 by H37Rv-infected AM f was IL-10 dependent since it was inhibited by neutralizing anti-IL-10 Ab. Thus, the effect of TNF- a produced by AM f following infection can be modulated by virulent MTB, using IL-10 as an upstream mediator. The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 161: 2636–2641. a bioactivity activity
Interaction of Modified Lipoproteins with Innate and Adaptive Immunity

a causal agent in the development of atherosclerosis. Against this background, it became logical to search for a possible link between tissue-deposited eLDL (see above), CRP, and complement activation. As a first step, we demonstrated the presence of CRP both in the early human atherosclerotic and aortic valve lesion and its colocalization with eLDL and also the terminal complement complex (C5b-9) by immunohistochemistry [8-10]. The demonstration of C5b-9 in the early human atherosclerotic lesions and its colocalization with smooth muscle cells [11] provided further evidence for a possible role of complement activation in the early stages of atherogenesis. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that CRP is chemotactic for human monocytes and may therefore play a major role in the recruitment of monocytes during atherogenesis [12]. Notably, further work indicated that eLDL binds to CRP and activates complement in atherosclerotic lesions via a CRP-dependent and CRP-independent pathway [9]. We extended this observation and demonstrated that the CRP-dependent pathway halts before the proinflammatory terminal sequence, while the CRP-independent pathway proceeds to completion with the generation of C5b-9 complexes [13]. Thus, binding of CRP to eLDL is the first trigger for complement activation in the atherosclerotic lesion, but the terminal sequence is thereby spared. This putatively protective function of CRP is overrun at higher eLDL concentrations, so that potentially harmful C5b-9 complexes are generated [13]. If the amount of insudated LDL exceeds the recycling capacity of the normal intima, or, in other words, the capacity of the system is overburdened, this will lead to an imbalance between lipoprotein and cholesterol deposition and removal with subsequent accumulation of extracellular LDL particles. If these are oxidized in the course of their prolonged residence time in the intima, among a wealth of well documented events CRP also binds to OxLDL through recognition of phopshorylcholine of oxidized phospholipids [14]. During these advanced stages of atherosclerosis, we demonstrated that uptake of labeled oxidation-specific antibodies is focally diminished in plaques displaying accepted features of plaque stability. Imaging techniques to detect the presence and depletion of OxLDL may therefore be useful in assessing plaque stabilization [15]. Conclusively, given the above mentioned examples for the role of both lipoprotein modification in early and advanced atherosclerosis, we propose that eLDL might be more important for initiation of atherosclerosis while OxLDL might be more helpful for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. In this context, oxidative modifications in the vessel wall are considered to occur primarily as a process secondary to inflammation [5].
The effects of specialty corns and processing method on dry matter intake, nutrient digestion and nitrogen metabolism in growing steers

Ten steers, average beginning weight of 345 kg, were used in a digestibility trial to evaluate the effects of corn type and corn processing on DMI, nutrient digestion and nitrogen metabolism. Experimental design was a 10x10 Latin square with a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 processing methods (whole or cracked) and 5 corn types, normal (NC), high-oil (HOC), white (WC), high-protein (HPC) and high-oil-high protein (HOHPC). Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (13% CP) and contained 87% concentrate (DM basis). Feedstuffs, orts and feces were collected and analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), starch, ether extract (EE), nitrogen (N), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Urine was collected and analyzed for N. No differences were observed for dry matter intake (DMI), DM digestibility, ADF digestibility or fecal N excretion based on corn type (P>.1). Digestion of OM differed (P=.05) befinreen HPC (81.54%) and HOHPC (78.72%). Starch digestion was different (P=.02) for HOHPC (92.99°/a) and NC (89.44%). Digestion of CP of NC (76.75%) differed (P=.02) from HOHPC (74.07%). Fat digestion for NC and HOHPC differed from 74.53% to 79.39°/a, respectively (P=.04). Digestion of NDF of WC differed from NC (P=.0012) and HOHPC (P=.004) and were 63.43%, 56.47% and 56.92%, respectively. N intake was lower for HOHPC (P<.05) compared with the other types. Urine N differed (P=.009) between HOHPC (57.8 g/d) and WC (47.40 g/d). Retained N was lower for HOHPC compared with the other types (P<.0001) resulting in poorer N balance for HOHPC (P<.05). Cracking corn by rolling increased the digestion of DM, OM, starch, and fat by 2.6, 2.4, 5.3 and 7.4%, respectively. NDF digestion decreased 3.9%.
Deterministic crowding introducing the distribution of population for template matching

This paper explains deterministic crowding (DC), introducing the distribution of population for template matching. We apply a simple genetic algorithm (GA) to template matching because this approach is effectively able to optimize geometric transformation parameters, such as parallel transformation, scaling, and in‐plane rotation. However, since the simple GA can obtain only one global optimum, detecting multiple objects is difficult. This is not of practical use. In order to detect multiple objects, we focus on DC, which is a multimodal optimization method and able to obtain multiple global and local solutions. In DC, there is a drawback where many individuals converge to one object and, hence, some objects cannot be detected. In order to solve this problem, the proposed method introduces the distribution of population. In experiments, the proposed method, DC, and crowding are applied to template matching and compared. The results confirm that the proposed method is better when an optimal threshold, which is used to create a cluster, is set. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Soft System Methodology: Project vs Local Community Interests in Project Social Conflict

Social conflict in projects is an uncompromising representation of differences in interests. Each project receives different claims from stakeholders based on their conditions. Project interest depends on the target level and goals to be achieved. Subsequently, the local community surrounding the project transforms their interests based on economic, social, cultural, and environmental expectations. This study aims to reveal factors of interests between project and local community on the occurrence of social conflict in projects. Soft System Methodology and Customers, Actors, Transformation process, Weltanschauung/world view, Owner, and Environmental constraints (CATWOE) were used to identify root cause and factors of interests in the social conflict. Through library research and previous relevant researches, it was revealed that there are eight factors of interests which cause social conflict in projects. It is recommended that future researches should use factors in formal system methodology (FSM) to model the prediction of social conflict in projects based on different interests between project and local community. The results are useful to compose the standard environment and social framework (ESF) as a “middle way interests” concept to reduce social conflict in projects. By using the correct ESF, interests and conflicts can be managed well so that the benefits can be enjoyed by the community and project itself. Finally, the results of this study can be used to formulate indices of social conflicts in construction projects. doi: 10.5829/ije.2021. 34.09c. 08
Explorer Pragmatics : From Theory to Experiment and Back Again

This paper reviews some cases in which the collaboration of theoretical pragmaticians and psychologists of language has been most fruitful for all parties. Linguists have benefited from experimental data confirming the psychological validity of their observations and providing theorycritical evidence in cases beyond the reach of reflective intuition, while psychologists have benefited from having a wealth of linguistic phenomena to study as well as multiple theories furnished by semantics and pragmatics. Focusing on the much-discussed question of whether scalar implicature is a default inference, we aim to showcase the benefits of the experimental approach to pragmatics.
University of Birmingham Analysis on Efficacy of Chitosan-Based Gel on Bone Quality and Quantity

Objectives: To assess and compare the quantity and the quality of the newly bone generated when using chitosan-based gel scaffold and osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel scaffold. Methods: A total of 18 critical-sized defects on New Zealand white rabbit craniums were created. In 12 defects, either chitosan gel or osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel was implanted the last six defects were kept un ﬁ lled as a control. Bone formation was examined at 6 and 12 weeks. Bone ’ s specimens were scanned using the High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Histological and histomorphometric analysis were carried out to compare the volume and area of regenerated bone. Results: The results of the HR-pQCT showed that bone volume and densities in the osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel group were signi ﬁ cantly higher than the chitosan gel and control groups whereas, the bone volume density in the chitosan gel group was signi ﬁ cantly higher than the control group in both intervals time ( p (cid:1) 0.01, p (cid:1) 000). No signi ﬁ cant difference in bone volume between the chitosan gel and control groups ( p (cid:1) 0.506, p (cid:1) 0.640) was observed. However, similar ﬁ ndings were shown in the histomorphometric analysis, with the highest new bone formation was observed in the OPG-chitosan gel group followed by the chitosan group. The mean percentage of new bone was greater at 12 weeks compared to 6 weeks in all groups. Conclusions: Chitosan-based gel demonstrated a signi ﬁ cant bone quantity and quality compared to un ﬁ lled surgical defects. Consistently, osteoprotegerin enhanced the chitosan gel in bone regeneration.
Fluoxetine reduces organ injury and improves motor function after traumatic brain injury in mice

Fluoxetine reduces organ injury in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in trauma patients worldwide. Brain injury is associated with significant inflammation, both within the brain and in the peripheral organs. This inflammatory response in TBI leads to a secondary injury, worsening the effects of the original brain injury. Serotonin is also linked to inflammation in the intestine and inflammatory bowel disease, but its role in the gut-brain axis is not known. We hypothesized that using fluoxetine to block serotonin reuptake would reduce organ inflammation and improve outcomes after TBI. METHODS C57/B6 mice were given a severe TBI using a controlled cortical impact. To measure intestinal permeability, a piece of terminal ileum was resected, the lumen was filled with 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran, and the ends were tied. The intestinal segment was submerged in buffer and fluorescence in the buffer measured over time. To measure lung permeability, 70-kDa FITC-dextran is injected retro-orbitally. Thirty minutes later, the left lung was homogenized and the fluorescence was measured. To measure performance on the rota-rod, mice were placed on a spinning rod, and the time to fall off was measured. Those treated with fluoxetine received a single dose of 5 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection immediately after injury. RESULTS Traumatic brain injury was associated with an increase in intestinal permeability to FITC-dextran, increased lung vascular permeability, and worse performance on the rota-rod. Fluoxetine significantly reduced lung and intestinal permeability after TBI and improved performance on the rota-rod after TBI. CONCLUSION Use of fluoxetine has the potential to reduce lung injury and improve motor coordination in severe TBI patients. Further study will be needed to elucidate the mechanism behind this effect.
Assessment of prostaglandin F2‐alpha (PGF2α) in lesional and nonlesional skin of vitiligo patients

F2‐isoprostane is one of the members of biologically active prostaglandins. It is considered a reliable marker of oxidative stress. This study aimed at investigating and studying the hypothesis of the possible role of prostaglandin F2‐alpha (PGF2α) in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and to know if there is a possibility of using it in therapy.
Anticancer activity of linalool: comparative investigation of ultrastructural changes and apoptosis in breast cancer cells

ABSTRACT Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women ın the world. Many anticancer drugs are currently used clinically have been isolated from plant species or are based on such substances. Linalool is aromatic compounds from the monoterpene group. It is the main constituents of essential oils and show antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antiseptic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferativeand apoptotic, effects of linalool in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of linalool (100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 µM) at 24 h and 48 h. MTT assay for cell proliferation and Annexin V assay for apoptosis was done. The morphology of breast cancer cells was investigated by lıght mıcroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The study show that linalool significantly induced apoptosis in all groups as dose and time-dependent (p < .05). Linalool has apoptotic and antiproliferative properties in a concentration and time-dependent manner in breast cancer cells. The cytotoxic effects of linalool on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells was found to be associated with apoptotic cell death. Linalool was more effective on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in smaller amounts. Graphical Abstract
High levels of inbreeding with spatial and host‐associated structure in lice of an endangered freshwater seal

Host‐specialist parasites of endangered large vertebrates are in many cases more endangered than their hosts. In particular, low host population densities and reduced among‐host transmission rates are expected to lead to inbreeding within parasite infrapopulations living on single host individuals. Furthermore, spatial population structures of directly‐transmitted parasites should be concordant with those of their hosts. Using population genomic approaches, we investigated inbreeding and population structure in a host‐specialist seal louse (Echinophthirius horridus) infesting the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis), which is endemic to Lake Saimaa in Finland, and is one of the most endangered pinnipeds in the world. We conducted genome resequencing of pairs of lice collected from 18 individual Saimaa ringed seals throughout the Lake Saimaa complex. Our analyses showed high genetic similarity and inbreeding between lice inhabiting the same individual seal host, indicating low among‐host transmission rates. Across the lake, genetic differentiation among individual lice was correlated with their geographic distance, and assignment analyses revealed a marked break in the genetic variation of the lice in the middle of the lake, indicating substantial population structure. These findings indicate that movements of Saimaa ringed seals across the main breeding areas of the fragmented Lake Saimaa complex may in fact be more restricted than suggested by previous population‐genetic analyses of the seals themselves.
Michael Waterman's Contributions to Computational Biology and Bioinformatics

On the occasion of Dr. Michael Waterman's 80th birthday, we review his major contributions to the field of computational biology and bioinformatics including the famous Smith-Waterman algorithm for sequence alignment, the probability and statistics theory related to sequence alignment, algorithms for sequence assembly, the Lander-Waterman model for genome physical mapping, combinatorics and predictions of ribonucleic acid structures, word counting statistics in molecular sequences, alignment-free sequence comparison, and algorithms for haplotype block partition and tagSNP selection related to the International HapMap Project. His books Introduction to Computational Biology: Maps, Sequences and Genomes for graduate students and Computational Genome Analysis: An Introduction geared toward undergraduate students played key roles in computational biology and bioinformatics education. We also highlight his efforts of building the computational biology and bioinformatics community as the founding editor of the Journal of Computational Biology and a founding member of the International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology (RECOMB).