Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new and flexible scheme for hot-electron programming of nonvolatile memory cells

A new hot electron writing scheme for flash EEPROMs is proposed that combines a positive source to bulk voltage and a ramped voltage on the control gate. The scheme exploits the equilibrium between hot electron injection and displacement current at the floating gate electrode in order to achieve a transient regime where the drain current of the cell is virtually constant. The new method allows one to accurately control the threshold voltage and the programming drain current that is essentially determined by the slope of the control gate ramp and can thus be traded off with programming time over a wide range of values. The main features of the new scheme are experimentally demonstrated on up-to-date 0.6 /spl mu/m stacked gate flash EEPROM devices.
Quality of Health Care in Resource Limited Settings-Patients’ Satisfaction Survey at a Mission Hospital in South East, Nigeria

Introduction: Quality healthcare is a major contributor to health disparities and inequalities in resource limited settings. Patient satisfaction remains an important and valuable method of assessing the quality of care. Aim: This study assessed patients’ satisfaction with quality of inpatient clinical care in a mission hospital in a semi urban setting. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study carried out on 140 inpatients at a mission hospital in Afikpo, South East Nigeria. Data was collected using pretested structured questionnaires designed on a five-point likert scale with 1 indicating the low-est and 5 indicating the highest scale. Knowledge of factors contributing to quality of care and satisfaction in the following domains: patient-staff relationship, patient-staff (doctors/nurses) communication, facility convenience, technical aspect of care (availability of equipment, drugs and adequacy of staff) and overall general satisfaction were measured. Operationally, patients who rated 3 points and above were considered satisfied while ratings less than 3 points were considered dissatisfied. Results: Knowledge of factors contributing to quality of care was 4.65 ± 0.48. General satisfaction rated 4.22 ± 0.52. Specifically, the different domains had the following scores: inter per-sonal relationship 4.28 ± 0.81, technical aspect of care (availability of drugs, equipment and medical personnel) 4.29 ± 0.57 and facility convenience 4.21 ± 0.51. Conclusions: Knowledge of factors contributing to quality of care and overall patients’ satisfaction with inpatient care were good and comparable with patients’ satisfaction with tertiary health institutions in Nigeria. Mission hospitals may serve as excellent alternatives to government hospitals in resource limited settings to promote health equity across populations.
ANALYTICAL PROBABILISTIC MODELING OF URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

SUMMARY The adverse environmental impacts of uncontrolled urban drainage systems are well documented. Informed environmental decision making requires knowledge of impacts resulting from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and stormwater discharges, the ability of control technologies to mitigate these impacts, and their associated costs. Consequently, the modelling of urban drainage systems is of importance to this process. While several modeling approaches have been developed to address these issues, each of which have their advantages and disadvantages, they typically require extensive input and significant computational effort. The models presented herein are highly computationally efficient and are intended to enhance planning-level analyses and the development of alternative solutions to urban drainage problems. This modeling approach employs statistics derived from long-term rainfall records to define probability density functions (PDFs) for rainfall characteristics. Through relatively simple mathematical representations of the transformation of rainfall to runoff and the generation of pollutant washoff from a catchment, the PDFs of runoff characteristics are derived from the PDFs of rainfall characteristics. Control elements, such as storage facilities, have been incorporated into the model developments and the PDFs of system performance variables can similarly be derived. Examples of system performance statistics of importance in analyzing options for CSO control include the average annual number of overflows and the average annual volume and pollutant mass of overflows as well as the volumes and pollutant masses of extreme events. If treatment is employed, statistics such as the level of runoff and pollution control performance are important and can be easily calculated. The real power offered by this modelling approach is the ability to produce meaningful results quickly and easily. This feature enhances the modelling experience by facilitating sensitivity analyses and, through the incorporation of cost functions, system optimization.
Impact and Delamination Failure of Multiscale Carbon Nanotube-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

Fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) are being increasingly used for a wide range of engineering applications owing to their high specific strength and stiffness. However, their through-the-thickness performance lacks some of the most demanding physical and mechanical property requirements for structural applications, such as aerospace vehicles and military components. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), due to their excellent mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, offer great promise to improve the weak properties in the thickness direction and impart multi-functionality without substantial weight addition to FRPs. This paper reviews the progress made to date on i) the techniques developed for integration of CNTs/CNFs into FRPs, and ii) the effects of the addition of these nanofillers on the interlaminar properties, such as such interlaminar shear strength, interlaminar fracture toughness and impact damage resistance and tolerance, of FRPs. The key challenges and future prospects in the development of multiscale CNT-FRP composites for advanced applications are also highlighted.
A New Leaky Waveguide for Millimeter Waves Using Nonradiative Dielectric (NRD) Waveguide-Part I: Accurate Theory

An almost-rigorous analysis is presented for a new leaky waveguide of simple configuration based on a recent nonradiative modification of H guide suitable for millimeter wavelengths, The analysis employs a transverse equivalent network that yields a dispersion relation in closed form, and contains some interesting and subtle features. Numerical values are presented for the phase and leakage constants in terms of the different geometric parameters and the dielectric constant comparisons with measurements are made in the companion paper, part II.
On the evaluation of the efficacy of a smart damper: a new equivalent energy-based probabilistic approach

Smart damping technology has been proposed to protect civil structures from dynamic loads. Each application of smart damping control provides varying levels of performance relative to active and passive control strategies. Currently, researchers compare the relative efficacy of smart damping control to active and passive strategies by running numerous simulations. These simulations can require significant computation time and resources. Because of this, it is desirable to develop an approach to assess the applicability of smart damping technology which requires less computation time. This paper discusses and verifies a probabilistic approach to determine the efficacy of smart damping technology based on clipped optimal state feedback control theory.
Association of CSMD1 with Tumor Mutation Burden and Other Clinical Outcomes in Gastric Cancer

Background Immunotherapy is considered as a powerful and promising clinical approach for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). However, it is still challenging to precisely screen patients who potentially benefit from immune checkpoint therapy (ICT). Identification of potential biomarkers for selecting patients sensitive to immunotherapy was urgently needed. Methods Public sequence data and corresponding clinical data were used to explore the potential biomarkers for immunotherapy. Results We found that CSMD1 is the most frequently mutated gene and its mutation is highly correlated with prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Interestingly, patients with mutated CSMD1 exhibit a high mutation burden and upregulated PDL1 expression. The ratio of microsatellite instability (MSI) in the CSMD1 mutation cohort was higher than that in the cohort without CSMD1 mutation. Furthermore, patients with CSMD1 mutation have been found to possess a higher number of activated CD4+ T cells and neoantigens. Conclusion CSMD1 mutation may act as a novel biomarker for assessing the survival and immune therapy response in patients with gastric cancer.
Broadband microstrip patch antenna

The characteristics of a rectangular microstrip antenna with an L-shaped probe are investigated. A foam layer with a thickness of around 10% of the wavelength is used as the supporting substrate. An impedance bandwidth of 35% and an average gain of 7.5 dBi can be achieved. The radiation pattern is stable across the passband.
Open Source Software Appropriation in Malaysian Public Sector

Many models and frameworks have been developed from IS studies in investigating the penetration, implementation and adoption of specific technologies in organizations. However, many of these models have not focused or considered in depth the later stages, after the initial introduction of the technology. This study tries to fill this gap by examining the technology appropriation theory, which is related to how organizations adopt technology and use them after the technology has been initial introduced in order to achieve organizational benefits. The focus is on the Open Source Software (OSS) in Malaysian Public Sector with relation to the establishment of Open Source Competency Centre by MAMPU in 2001. The study will look at to what extend have the organizations in the Malaysian public sector appropriated the OSS from multiple perspectives. Case study will be conducted to the chosen organizations to gather the empirical data for this study.
Functional Outcome of Flexor Tendon Repair in Zone-II

Original Research Article Introduction: Hand trauma and hand injury are quite common in our country. As a result of lack of safety in many workplaces, and an increased number of social and political violence, hand injuries are increasing every day. The basic functions of the hand are disturbed when the tendons are damaged. And proper repair is necessary to gain back full functions. Our country has a lack of qualified hand surgeons, so hand trauma patient has to suffer a lot here. This study focused on tendon repair in zone II, or “no man’s land” of the hand, where the margin of error is extremely small due to having both tendons interweaved in a complex manner in this area. Before 1960, tendon injury was treated through secondary grafting, which was done after the primary wound had healed. After 1960, surgeons started to rely more on primary treatment for tendon repair. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome after primary repair of flexor tendons in zone II in sharp cut injury. Methods: This prospective quasi-experimental study was carried out at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, during a 2-year timeframe, from January 2013 to November 2014. Result: Maximum of the patients were male and only 19% were female. The majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 11-20 years. Index and ring fingers were the majority of the injured. There was a variety of occupations among the patients. 62.5% had injury in single digits. The majority of the injury was from a sharp cut from knife. The functional outcome was satisfactory in 67% of the cases, and most of the operations were done within 24 hours of the accident. Conclusion: The Flexor tendon repair in zone II is a challenging surgery. For satisfactory results, repair of all the tendons should be complete, eliminating all raw surfaces, but still allowing tendons to pass through the tunnel. This study shows that primary repair and early movement with passive flexion and active extension yields good results.
Cation-Chloride Cotransporters, Na/K Pump, and Channels in Cell Water/Ionic Balance Regulation Under Hyperosmolar Conditions: In Silico and Experimental Studies of Opposite RVI and AVD Responses of U937 Cells to Hyperosmolar Media

Studying the transport of monovalent ions across the cell membrane in living cells is complicated by the strong interdependence of fluxes through parallel pathways and requires therefore computational analysis of the entire electrochemical system of the cell. Current paper shows how to calculate changes in the cell water balance and ion fluxes caused by changes in the membrane channels and transporters during a normal regulatory increase in cell volume in response to osmotic cell shrinkage (RVI) followed by a decrease in cell volume associated with apoptosis (AVD). Our recently developed software is used as a computational analysis tool and the established human lymphoid cells U937 are taken as an example of proliferating animal cells. It is found that, in contrast to countless statements in the literature that cell volume restoration requires the activation of certain ion channels and transporters, the cellular responses such as RVI and AVD can occur in an electrochemical system like U937 cells without any changes in the state of membrane channels or transporters. These responses depend on the types of chloride cotransporters in the membrane and differ in a hyperosmolar medium with additional sucrose and in a medium with additional NaCl. This finding is essential for the identification of the true changes in membrane channels and transporters responsible for RVI and AVD in living cells. It is determined which changes in membrane parameters predicted by computational analysis are consistent with experimental data obtained on living human lymphoid cells U937, Jurkat, and K562 and which are not. An essential part of the results is the developed software that allows researchers without programming experience to calculate the fluxes of monovalent ions via the main transmembrane pathways and electrochemical gradients that move ions across the membrane. The software is available for download. It is useful for studying the functional expression of the channels and transporters in living cells and understanding how the cell electrochemical system works.
Heat Exchanger Tube Fretting Wear: Review and Application to Design

Flow-induced vibration in steam generators and heat exchangers can cause dynamic interactions between tubes and tube supports resulting in fretting-wear. The effects on tube wear of various parameters, such as tube/support interactions, materials, and tube/support clearances have been studied. Techniques to predict the dynamic tube/support interaction and analyze the impact force at the support have been developed. The results of this work are reviewed and discussed in the context of how best they may be applied in the assessment of heat exchanger designs. A new design criterion based on support impact force is also discussed. Finally, a technique to predict long-term tube life is outlined. 15 references, 13 figures, 1 table.
Tasting a new culture: adjustment to a foreign culture through traditional local cuisine

ABSTRACT The majority of food- and culture-related studies of international students have focused on their consumption of specific ingredients or types of foods, or their attitude toward a local culture’s traditional cuisine. However, the cultural perspective remains under-researched, particularly regarding the cultural factors that influence this adjustment. By mitigating the experienced culture shock, these factors may lead to a higher level of adjustment to the local cuisine and, subsequently, to the local culture. Twenty semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with international students and analyzed using inductive thematic content analysis. Food specific aspects (fresh ingredients, processed foods, eating out) and socio-economic factors (available budget and prior intercultural experience) were included to the analysis. The novelty and contribution of this study is in separating the factors influencing the adjustment to local food and culture into two main categories. The passive factors, which were difficult or impossible to change during the study program, entailed four main themes that may support adjustment: socioeconomic background, food-related convictions, encountered positive word-of-mouth, and the contribution of the institution. The active factors, which could be controlled, also comprised four main themes: connection to the local culture (before moving abroad), immersion in the culture through food, experimenting with traditional food, and personal development.
The Effect of Current Earnings, Operating Cash Flows and Accrual Quality on Future Earnings (Empirical Study on Manufacturing Companies Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange Year 2016 – 2018)

This study aims to determine the effect of current earnings, operating cash flow and accrual quality on future earnings. The population of this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 20162018. The sample used purposive sampling and obtained a sample of 100 companies with a time period of 3 years to obtain 300. Earnings are proxied by net earnings after tax which is scaled to total assets or Return on Asset, Accrual quality is proxied by discretionary accruals of working capital, Future earnings are earnings. In the period t+1. The research method concludes that there is a positive and significant effect of current earnings and operating cash flows on future earnings, while accrual quality has no effect on future earnings.
Evaluation of the management of tibial diaphysial fracture AO Type - 42C with locking compression plate by MIPO technique

Introduction: Fracture involving the diaphysis of the tibia especially due to high energy trauma continues to be a challenging problem in Orthopaedic surgery. Treatment of tibial diaphysial fracture has improved with the evaluation of plate and nailing technologies. Recently locking compression plating have been used with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique with indirect reduction and percutaneous plate insertion, which reported excellent results especially in comminuted tibial shaft fractures (AO Type-42C) where IM nail were contraindicated. The purpose of this study is to analyze and discuss the outcome of comminuted tibial shaft fractures (AO Type-42C) treated with MIPO technique. Methods: This prospective (interventional) study included 19 adult male and 06 adult female patients who had high-energy closed tibial shaft fractures with varying degrees of displacement and comminution. All cases were assessed by clinical examinations and radiographs before and after surgery. Post-operative follow-up was done for a mean time of 06 months and evaluated radiologically and functionally according to the Association for the Study and Application of the Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) scoring system. Results: Most of the fractures 11(44%) united with a mean union time of 19.6±2.53 weeks. ranging from 19-21weeks. Clinical and radiological outcomes according to the ASAMI scoring system showed satisfactory results (excellent and good) in 23 patients, representing 92% of the studied group. There were no persistent limitation of the knee or ankle motions and deep wound infection. Implant failure didn’t occurred in any of the patients until the last follow-up, and none of the patients required a second major open intervention. Conclusion: The minimally invasive plate fixation with locking compression plate is an effective method of stabilization for closed comminuted tibial shaft fractures, yielding good bone alignment with minimal soft tissues injury, leading to higher union rates with good functional outcome.
Are We Able to Determine Differences in Outcomes Between Male and Female Servicemembers Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy? A Systematic Review

Background: Female servicemembers sustain higher rates of lower extremity injuries as compared with their male counterparts. This can include intra-articular pathology in the hip. Female patients are considered to have worse outcomes after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement and for hip labral repair. Purpose: To (1) compare published rates of hip arthroscopy between male and female military servicemembers and (2) determine if there are any sex-based differences in outcomes after hip arthroscopy in the military. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We reviewed the literature published from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2020, to identify studies in which hip arthroscopy was performed in military personnel. Clinical trials and cohort studies were included. The proportion of women within each cohort was identified, and results of any between-sex analyses were reported. Results: Identified were 11 studies that met established criteria. Studies included 2481 patients, 970 (39.1%) of whom were women. Surgery occurred between January 1998 and March 2018. Despite women accounting for approximately 15% of the active-duty military force, they represented 39.1% (range, 25.7%-57.6%) of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. In most cases, there were no differences in self-reported outcomes (pain, disability, and physical function), return to duty, or medical disability status based on sex. Conclusion: Women account for approximately 15% of the military, but they made up 40% of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. Outcomes were not different between the sexes; however, definitive conclusions were limited by the heterogeneity of outcomes, missing data, lack of sex-specific subgroup analyses, and zero studies with sex differences as the primary outcome. A proper understanding of sex-specific outcomes after hip arthroscopy will require a paradigm shift in the design and reporting of trials in the military health system.
The motivations of heritage and non-heritage students in learning portuguese in L(USA)land

Abstract This study investigates the motivations of both heritage and non-heritage students of Portuguese at two universities in Rhode Island where Portuguese-speaking migrant communities have settled and their language has strong visibility. Attention is drawn to motivation since it is known to be a significant factor in the development of linguistic proficiency. The results of this study underscore a difference in students’ motivation for studying Portuguese between heritage and non-heritage language learners. Findings also suggest that heritage speakers of Portuguese recognize the importance of the language to communicate daily with family and relatives. In contrast, non-heritage learners of Portuguese perceive the Linguistic Landscape as an authentic space to practice and facilitate their learning. Furthermore, non-heritage learners value the language and are motivated to learn Portuguese in order to communicate with the community and understand its culture. Finally, in light of our conclusions, we seek to contribute and extend our research of students’ motivation to other languages.