Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Theory of Security Issuance

We study optimal security design when issuer and market participants disagree about the characteristics of the underlying asset. We show that pooling and tranching assets can be preferable to selling optimal securities backed by individual assets: pooling can be a response to belief disagreement between issuer and investors; tranching allows the issuer to exploit belief disagreement among investors. Moreover, diﬀerences in beliefs can make pooling and tranching complements; asymmetric information alone cannot. The model predicts which assets only get pooled and which ones get pooled and tranched.
Assessment of lifestyle of patients with chronic gastritis

: Chronic gastritis is a serious disorder that refers to a group of conditions that cause chronic inflammation of stomach mucosal lining and it can be controlled through efficient lifestyle modifications side by side with use of the prescribed medications. This study aims to: assess life style of patients with chronic gastritis. Research Design: Descreptive research design was used in the study. Subjects: A Convenience sample included 150 male and female adult patients diagnosed with chronic gastritis in endoscopic and Hematemesis unit in of Damanhur National Medical Institute, El-Beheria governorate, Egypt, 2019. Tool: One tool was used for the purpose of data collection "Life style assessment of patients with gastritis interview schedule" to investigate life style for patients with chronic gastritis. Results more than half of the patients were male and in the age 50 to 60 years. The result shows that, more than half of the smoker patients 67.4% were smoking cigarettes, while 32.6% of them were smoking shisha, in addition, it was found that, less than half of the studied patients 42.7% had sleeping problems at night, and more than half of them 53.1% had insomnia. The majority of the studied patients 98.0% reported that, they used to drink beverages containing caffeine as coffee, tea and nescafe, and more than half of them 66.7% used to drink them three and more times per day. Regarding the current mood, it was noticed that, the majority of the studied patients 81.3% were in nervous mood, and all of them were always in this mood. Conclusion: unhealthy patient's life style as exercise, stress, alcohol intake and beverages containing caffeine were among patients' life style. Recommendations: Involve life style modifications within patient's management plan and involve patients and family this plan of care.
MICROSTRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ZEOLITE ENHANCED WELLBORE CEMENT FOR PLUGGING AND ABANDONMENT By SAI VAMSI KRISHNA VISSA Bachelor of Science in Biosciences (Honors)

plugging and abandonment (P&A) of wellbores have not seen the same amount of development that is seen in wellbore construction and exploration. Off shore wellbores face various challenges in the case of P&A as they need to maintain complete zonal isolation. With almost 281 kilotons of methane released every year from 3.2 million abandoned wells, it is crucial to reduce the leakage of hydrocarbons from a global warming perspective. In order to make these plugs more robust, additives are needed to improve the quality of the cement used for these purposes. Zeolite, had been studied as an additive to cement showing improvement in cement properties which are discussed in the coming chapters. The addition of zeolites had shown an improvement in various cement properties as observed in the literature. A zeolite ferrierite had been adapted from the geothermal application. 5% by weight of cement ferrierite added cores had shown improvement of properties like UCS by about 41% in comparison to neat Class-H cement based cores. It had also shown an improvement in triaxial strength tests with a 68.8MPa peak stress shown for 5% ferrierite compared to 62.9MPa for neat Class-H cement. petrophysical property improvement had been seen for 5% ferrierite addition as it had the lowest permeability of 13. 54μD which is lower than that of neat Class-H cement (49.53 μD). The results of 15% as well as 30% additions had been reported in this work and the overall performance makes it a contender for our application in P&A.
The mass of the neutron star in Centaurus X-3

We report new radial velocity observations of V779 Cen, the optical companion to the X-ray pulsar Cen X-3. Two sets of results at two epochs yield very different radial velocity amplitudes. We demonstrate there are problems with the first set, not least that they are incompatible with the observed duration of the X-ray eclipse for all inclination angles. The anomalously high radial velocities are probably a result of changes in the outflow behaviour of the companion star. Although there is no reason to doubt the results from the second epoch when viewed in isolation, given the anomalous radial velocities of the first epoch, they must be treated with caution. Using these data, the semi-amplitude of the resulting radial velocity curve is found to be 24.4±4.1 km s -1 . Given the accurately measured semi-amplitude of the orbit of the pulsar, 414.3±0.9 km s -1 , the mass ratio of the system is 0.059±0.010. The inclination of the system is found to be 70o.2 ± 2o.7, assuming that the optical component fills its Roche lobe, and that the system is in synchronous rotation. Hence the mass of the neutron star is 1.21±0.21 M Θ , and the mass of the optical companion is 20.5±0.7 M Θ . This is a smaller uncertainty than previously reported values, and is consistent with the canonical neutron star mass of 1.4 M Θ . In addition, we use our spectra to determine the spectral class of V779 Cen to be O6-7II-III.
Phenotypic characterization of sorghum accessions on farmers’ fields in northern and eastern Uganda

Sorghum is one of the most important cereal crops grown in arid/semi-arid regions of the world. Understanding and utilising the genetic variation in sorghum accessions is essential for improving the crop to adapt to abiotic and biotic constraints. Several authors have reported the loss of sorghum diversity, but there is limited available information on on-farm sorghum diversity in the major sorghum growing areas in Uganda hence limiting the utilization of diversity for improvement of the crop. This study was carried out to determine sorghum diversity on farmers’ fields in Uganda. Phenotypic data was used to assess diversity in 100 sorghum accessions collected from Northern and Eastern regions of Uganda. The accessions were phenotyped using qualitative and quantitative morphological characteristics. Phenotypic evaluation was done using 10×10 Alpha lattice design with two replications at Pakor village in Agago district. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant ( p ≤ 0.01) differences for all quantitative traits measured indicating the existence of a wide genetic variation among accessions. The 100 accessions were grouped into two major clusters which were further subdivided into five sub clusters. The largest cluster had 30 accessions and the smallest cluster had five accessions. The five clusters varied with respect to plant height (202.8 to 379.9 cm), days to 50% flowering (77.3 to 163), number of leaves per plant (10.9 to 24.6), 100 grain weight (2.5 to 4.6 g) and yield (1977.4 to 3475.6 kg ha -1 ). The clustering patterns of accessions was not entirely based on geographic origin and/or breeding status, probably due to gene flow. This study showed the existence of wide genetic diversity within the sorghum accessions, which could be exploited in the improvement of the crop through breeding for high yielding, pest and disease resistant varieties.
Simultaneous measurements of atmospheric water vapor with MIR, Raman lidar, and rawinsondes

Simultaneous measurements of atmospheric water vapor were made by the Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR), Raman lidar, and rawinsondes. Two types of rawinsonde sensor packages (AIR and Vaisala) were carried by the same balloon. The measured water vapor profiles from Raman lidar, and the Vaisala and AIR sondes were used in the radiative transfer calculations. The calculated brightness temperatures were compared with those measured from the MIR at all six frequencies (89, 150, 183.3±1, 183.3±3, 183.3±7, and 220 GHz). The results show that the MIR-measured brightness temperatures agree well (within ±2 K) with those calculated from the Raman lidar and Vaisala measurements. The brightness temperatures calculated from the AIR sondes differ from the MIR measurements by as much as 10 K, which can be attributed to low sensitivity of the AIR sondes at relative humidity less than 20%. Both calculated and the MIR-measured brightness temperatures were also used to retrieve water vapor profiles. These retrieved profiles were compared with those measured by the Raman lidar and rawinsondes. The results of these comparisons suggest that the MIR can measure the brightness of a target to an accuracy of at most ±2 K and is capable of retrieving useful water vapor profiles
The conductivity behavior in lead zirconate titanate polyvinylidene fluoride composites

Studies on the conductivity in lead zirconate titanate polyvinylidene fluoride (PZT‐PVDF) composite have been done for different weight fractions of PZT in a PVDF matrix in the 0–3 connectivity pattern. The results obtained show that the major contribution to the conductivity is from the polymer phase rather than from the ceramic phase. A kink has been observed around 80–90 °C for all the composites in the ln σ∼ f(1/T) curve. The activation energies for all the composites are less below this temperature than above. This has been attributed to a phase change in the PVDF matrix at this temperature. The results have been correlated to IR, x‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, hysteresis, and dielectric studies.
Ultraviolet Fe VII absorption lines in planetary nebula nuclei, hot subdwarfs, and hot degenerate objects

Results are reported from a search for Fe VII absorption lines in data from high-dispersion IUE-SWP observations of PN nuclei (PNN), hot subdwarfs (HSDs), and hot white dwarfs (HWDs). The data-reduction techniques employed are outlined, and the results are presented in extensive tables and sample spectra and characterized in detail. Absorption in at least one of the four Fe VII lines above 120 nm wavelength is found in 22 of 51 PNN, and possibly in 10 HSDs, in the pulsating HWD PG 1159 - 035, and in the PNN K1 - 16. It is concluded that Fe VII is more common in WD progenitors such as PNN than previously predicted and is especially typical of the more luminous low-gravity stars. 42 refs.
Star formation in Seyfert galaxies

An analysis of the IRAS data for a sample of classical (optically selected) Seyfert galaxies is presented. The IRAS fluxes at 25 micron, 60 micron, and 100 micron are found to be uncorrelated or only very weakly correlated with the UV/Optical continuum flux and the near and mid IR flux at 3.5 and 10 microns. To investigate the possibility that star formation accounts for the far IR flux, the IRAS measurements for the Seyfert galaxies are compared to IRAS observations of a sample of normal spiral galaxies, and a sample of Starburst galaxies. It is shown that the far IR luminosities and far IR colors of Seyfert galaxies are indistinguishable from those of the Starburst galaxies. Besides, normal galaxies are an order of magnitude less luminous than both the Seyfert and the Starburst galaxies. This indicates that star formation produces the bulk of the far infrared emission in Seyfert galaxies.
Measuring the Prices of Medical Treatments

How serious is medical care inflation in the United States? For many years, price indexes for medical care have outstripped the overall rate of inflation. For example, between 1986 and 1996, the medical care component of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 6.5 percent per year, roughly exceeding the annual increase in the overall CPI during this period by 75 percent. Many economists, however, believe that economic statistics on medical care do not accurately measure medical care price changes because it is especially difficult to construct accurate price indexes for medical markets. Some very recent research, reported in this volume, suggests that --contrary to the usual presumption of runaway medical inflation --prices for at least some medical care interventions are not rising rapidly and may even be falling. Understanding medical care inflation is important for policy issues such as medical care cost containment. Medical care price indexes also affect other economic statistics on medical care, including national accounts and the national health accounts. Understanding economic trends in the medical care sector is vitally dependent on accurate medical care price measures. This volume, the result of a conference cosponsored by the Brookings Institution and the American Enterprise Institute, brings together state-of-the-art methodological and empirical work on the measurement of medical outcomes and prices. It will be a useful tool for anyone concerned about medical inflation, medical outcomes, the quality of medical treatments, and public policy toward medical cost containment.
Properties and performance of the multifilamentary Nb 3 Sn with Ti addition processed by the Nb tube method

MF Nb 3 Sn conductors made by titanium added niobium tube process have been developed for use in high fields. Composites, consisting of Nb-1. Owt. %Ti tube with a copper sheathed tin core inside and a high conductivity copper tube outside, were stacked together up to 264 filaments, then drawn to the final sizes without any intermediate annealings. As workability was further improved by the titanium addition, it was possible to decrease the Cu/SC ratio for the conductor down to 0.67 and to increase the tin concentration up to 30 wt. % in Cu-Sn inside the filament. An enhanced layer growth rate and a slightly increased grain size of Nb 3 Sn were observed in the titanium added conductors. compared with those made by use of pure Nb tube. The critical current density at high fields, which was more sensitive for heat-treatment condition, was superior to that of the other conventional processed conductors. Especially, the conductors with 30 % tin content have high critical current density for Nb 3 Sn layer and an excellent field dependence of critical current density without copper: 1550 A/mm2at 10 T, 600 A/mm2at 15 T and 350 A/mm2at 17 T. The critical current was also measured in the temperature range 1.88 - 4.2 K. A coil, aiming at 14 T, was fabricated using the conductor with . 25 % tin to assure high level performance in practical situations.
Nonlinear evolution of the magnetohydrodynamic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability

Simulation of the magnetohydrodynamic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a compressible plasma shows that a super-Alfvenic shear flow parallel to the magnetic field develops into small eddies, which strongly compress, twist, and hence amplify the magnetic field, and that a sub-fast (magnetosonic) shear flow transverse to the magnetic field evolves into a fast shock. The anomalous viscosity due to the instability is important in understanding a viscous drag at the solar-wind--magnetosphere interface.
Problems With Item Parceling for Confirmatory Factor Analytic Tests of Measurement Invariance

Combining items into parcels in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) can improve model estimation and fit. Because adequate model fit is imperative for CFA tests of measurement invariance, parcels have frequently been used. However, the use of parcels as indicators in a CFA model can have serious detrimental effects on tests of measurement invariance. Using simulated data with a known lack of invariance, the authors illustrate how models using parcels as indicator variables erroneously indicate that measurement invariance exists much more often than do models using items as indicators. Moreover, item-by-item tests of measurement invariance were often more informative than were tests of the entire parameter matrices.
QUANTIZED MESON FIELD IN A CLASSICAL GRAVITATIONAL FIELD

The behavior of a quantized meson field in a classical gravitational field is examined. Physical quantities such as the expectation value for the number of created mesons are represented in terms of a formal Green-s function. They are computed explicitly for the case of a special spaceindependent gravitational field. The inadequacy of standard iteration procedures is discussed in an Appendix. (auth)
Light passing through subwavelength apertures

This review provides a perspective on the recent developments in the transmission of light through subwavelength apertures in metal films. The main focus is on the phenomenon of extraordinary optical transmission in periodic hole arrays, discovered over a decade ago. It is shown that surface electromagnetic modes play a key role in the emergence of the resonant transmission. These modes are also shown to be at the root of both the enhanced transmission and beaming of light found in single apertures surrounded by periodic corrugations. This review describes both the theoretical and experimental aspects of the subject. For clarity, the physical mechanisms operating in the different structures considered are analyzed within a common theoretical framework. Several applications based on the transmission properties of subwavelength apertures are also addressed.
Moment Bounds for Associated Sequences

Let $\{X_j: j \in \mathbb{N}\}$ be a sequence of associated random variables with zero mean and let $r > 2$. We give two conditions--on the moments and on the covariance structure of the process--which guarantee that $\sup_{m \in \mathbb{N} \cup \{0\}} E| \sum^{m+n}_{j=m+1} X_j|^r = O(n^{r/2})$ holds. Examples show that neither condition can be weakened.
Small-Scale Structure of the Protostellar Collapse Candidate B335 Imaged in CS J = 5-4 Emission

We present interferometer observations of CS J = 5-4 emission in B335, an isolated round globule generally recognized from single-dish spectral line mapping to be the best candidate for a collapsing protostar. The images, with ~2. ″5 (0.003 pc) spatial resolution and 0.13 km s-1 velocity resolution, show complex structure in the purported infall zone. The emission is dominated by a clumpy conical structure oriented in the east-west direction that we identify with a slow, dense component of the bipolar flow visible on larger size scales. Comparison with the detailed predictions of the inside-out collapse model previously derived from single-dish observations show important discrepancies. The high-resolution CS J = 5-4 images show no evidence for infalling material at velocities greater than 0.5 km s-1 coincident with the protostar that corresponds to emission in the wings of the single-dish spectrum. Instead, the emission at velocities expected for collapse is found to be associated with the outflow lobes, offset from the protostar position. Depletion may diminish the signal from infall of the densest gas. Bright clumps at blueshifted velocities within the outflow may contribute to the asymmetric appearance of optically thick lines observed with beam sizes too large to resolve these small-scale structures.
A Statistical Issue About a Phase III Multi-regional Trial for the Survival Data under Accelerated Failure Time Model with Unrecognized Heterogeneity

For the time-to-event outcome, current methods for sample size determination are based on the proportional hazard model. However, if the proportionality assumption fails to capture the relationship between the hazard time and covariates, the proportional hazard model is not suitable to analyze survival data. The accelerated failure time model is an alternative method to deal with survival data. In this article, we address the issue that the relationship between the hazard time and the treatment effect is satisfied with the accelerated failure time model to design a multi-regional trial for a phase III clinical trial. The log-rank test is employed to deal with the heterogeneous effect size among regions. The test statistic for the overall treatment effect is used to determine the total sample size for a multi-regional trial and the consistent trend is used to rationalize partition sample size to each region.
High-resolution X-ray observations of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant with the Einstein Observatory

Cas A was observed with the imaging detectors on the Einstein X-ray Observatory. We determine the mass of the expanding shell due to the interaction of the blast wave and the ambient medium. This indicate that Cas A is probably not in the free expansion phase, but has not yet reached the adiabatic phase of expansion. Detailed comparison of X-ray, optical, and radio images shows various degrees of correlation, indicating that several processes for emission are present. An upper limit of 1.5 x 10/sup 6/ K is established for any stellar remnant that is below the expected temperature of a neutron star by a factor of about 5. The total mass of the SNR is found to be 10--30 M/sub sun/.
Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in modal phase matched semiconductor waveguides

We report the observation of continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in a modalphase-matched GaAs/AlGaAs waveguide. The heterostructure has been designed to generate a second-harmonic signal via a type-II process with a fundamental signal around 1.55 μm. Continuous wave conversion enables a quantitative estimation of the conversion efficiency. In our case, η=30%±5% W−1 cm−2 is found experimentally.
Testing a Sequence of Observations for a Shift in Location

Abstract A possible alternative to the hypothesis that the sequence X 1, X 2, …, Xn are iid N(ξ, σ2) random variables is that at some unknown instant the expectation ξ shifts. The likelihood ratio test for the alternative of a location shift is studied and its distribution under the null hypothesis found. Tables of standard fractiles are given, along with asymptotic results.
Stability of some degenerate positions of relative equilibrium in the n-body problem

We study, by a fully analytical method, the linear stability of a degenerate configuration of a relative equilibrium where n bodies having the same mass mare at the vertices of a regular polygon with n sides, while a body having a non-zero mass m0 is at the centre of the polygon. It is shown that the characteristic exponents are the roots of n polynomials of the fourth degree. The coefficients of these polynomials depend only on n and the ratio (μ = m0/m. Using this analytical result, we discuss the linear stability of the configuration according to the values of μ as a function of n. It is shown that when 3≤n≤6the instability holds for any value of μ. If n≥7the linear stability holds if μ is larger than some function of n which depends on n and the parity of n. This function can be approximated by 2n3/5 if n is very large and, according to the parity of nby a third degree polynomial of n if n has limited values
Selective growth of Ge on Si(100) through vias of SiO2 nanotemplate using solid source molecular beam epitaxy

We demonstrate that Ge can be selectively grown on Si(100) through openings in a SiO2 nanotemplate by solid source molecular beam epitaxy. The selectivity relies on the thermal instability of GeO and SiO near 650 °C. Ge islands grow in the template windows and coalesce on top of the template, forming an epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) layer. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images show that the Ge seeds and the ELO layer are free of threading dislocations. Only stacking faults are generated but terminate within 70 nm of the Ge–Si interface, while twins along {111} planes are observed in the ELO layer. The threading-dislocation-free Ge seeds and ELO layer are attributed to epitaxial necking as well as Ge–Si intermixing at the interface.