Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The nonlocal model of porewater irrigation: Limits to its equivalence with a cylinder diffusion model

Burrows maintained by animals in aquatic sediments ventilate the sediment and can substantially alter the rates and pathways of biologically-mediated decomposition reactions. A well known and effective way of modeling the impact of such bioirrigation in sediment diagenetic models is to assume that solutes diffuse into an annulus of sediment surrounding the burrow; the reaction diffusion equations are represented in cylindrical polar co-ordinates. More commonly, bioirrigation of sediments is represented by one-dimensional “nonlocal” irrigation models. Their use is typically justified by the assertion that a nonlocal model is equivalent to a radially-integrated two-dimensional diffusion model in cylindrical-polar co-ordinates. In this paper we highlight limits to this equivalence, drawing on examples from both single-species and multiple-species reaction diffusion models. A modified derivation of the nonlocal model using a higher order Taylor series approximation was tested but found to provide little improvement over the original model. We suggest some approaches for choosing nonlocal coefficients and identify particular limitations to be alert to when applying the nonlocal model.
Improving Children’s Mental Health Literacy Through the Cocreation of an Intervention and Scale Validation: Protocol for the CHILD-Mental Health Literacy Research Study

Background Children’s mental health is a public health priority, with 1 in 5 European children younger than 12 years having a behavioral, developmental, or psychological disorder. Mental health literacy (MHL) is a modifiable determinant of mental health, promoting psychological well-being and reducing mental health problems. Despite its significance, no interventions or scales currently exist for increasing and measuring MHL in this population. Objective This study has dual objectives: (1) cocreating and evaluating an intervention on children’s MHL, and (2) developing and validating a scale that measures children’s MHL. Methods Our study focuses on children aged 9-11 years attending primary school classes in various settings, including urban and rural areas, and priority education zones within a French department. Using a participatory research approach, we will conduct workshops involving children, parents, teachers, and 1 artist to cocreate an intervention comprising multiple tools (eg, a pedagogical kit and videos). This intervention will undergo initial evaluation in 4 classes through observations, interviews, and satisfaction questionnaires to assess its viability. Concurrently, the artist will collaborate with children to create the initial version of the CHILD-MHL scale, which will then be administered to 300 children. Psychometric analyses will validate the scale. Subsequently, we will conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial involving a minimum of 20 classes, using the CHILD-MHL scale scores as the primary end point to evaluate the intervention’s efficacy. Additional interviews will complement this mixed methods evaluation. Both the intervention and the scale are grounded in the Child-Focused MHL model. Results The first tool of the intervention is the pedagogical kit Le Jardin du Dedans, supported by the public organization Psycom Santé Mentale Info and endorsed by UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) France. The second tool is a handbook by the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization, which is addressed to teachers to sensitize them to children’s mental health problems. The third is a 5-page supplementary leaflet produced by the nongovernmental organization The Ink Link, which teaches children the notion of MHL. Finally, we produced 56 items of the MHL Scale and listed existing education policies for children’s mental health. Conclusions After its robust evaluation, the intervention could be extended to several schools in France. The scale will be the first in the world to measure children’s MHL. It will be used not only to evaluate interventions but also to provide data for decision makers to include MHL in all educational policies. Both the intervention and the scale could be translated into other languages. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/51096
Ranibizumab for the treatment of degenerative ocular conditions

: Degenerative ocular conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, and myopic degeneration, have become a major public health problem and a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs seem to be an effective and safe treatment for these conditions. Ranibizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody antigen-binding fragment, which inhibits all biologically active isoforms of VEGF-A, is still the gold standard treatment for the majority of these pathological entities. In this review, we present the results of the most important clinical trials concerning the efficacy and safety of ranibizumab for the treatment of degenerative ocular conditions.
Thermal conductivity of pure silica MEL and MFI zeolite thin films

This paper reports the room temperature cross-plane thermal conductivity of pure silica zeolite (PSZ) MEL and MFI thin films. PSZ MEL thin films were prepared by spin coating a suspension of MEL nanoparticles in 1-butanol solution onto silicon substrates followed by calcination and vapor-phase silylation with trimethylchlorosilane. The mass fraction of nanoparticles within the suspension varied from 16% to 55%. This was achieved by varying the crystallization time of the suspension. The thin films consisted of crystalline MEL nanoparticles embedded in a nonuniform and highly porous silica matrix. They featured porosity, relative crystallinity, and MEL nanoparticles size ranging from 40% to 59%, 23% to 47% and 55 nm to 80 nm, respectively. PSZ MFI thin films were made by in situ crystallization, were b-oriented, fully crystalline, and had a 33% porosity. Thermal conductivity of these PSZ thin films was measured at room temperature using the 3ω method. The cross-plane thermal conductivity of the MEL thin fi.
Latest Carboniferous (late Gzhelian) fusulinids from Timor Leste and their paleobiogeographic affinities

Abstract An uppermost Gzhelian bioherm discovered in the central highlands of Timor Leste contains abundant foraminifera belonging to 17 genera. Representatives of the families Biseriamminidae, Biwaellidae, Bradyinidae, Cornuspiridae, Lasiodiscidae, Palaeotextulariidae, Pseudotaxidae, Ozawainellidae, Schubertellidae, Schwagerinidae, Staffellidae and Textrataxidae are present, including 21 species referred to known types and 12 species left in open nomenclature. Two new Schwagerina species are described: Schwagerina timorensis new species, and Schwagerina maubissensis new species. The assemblage belongs to the uppermost Gzhelian Schwagerina robusta–Ultradaixina bosbytauensis Zone although a possible lowest Asselian correlation cannot be excluded (the name Ultradaixina is controversial and sometimes synonymized as Bosbytauella. The case to resolve this issue has been submitted to the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature). The bioherm is the oldest carbonate unit so far recorded from the Maubisse Formation and the oldest sedimentary unit biostratigraphically dated in Timor. This discovery has implications for the latest Carboniferous–earliest Permian climate history of Timor that lay in the northern part of the north-south East Gondwana rift system along which the western margin of Australia later developed. The highest peak in fusulinid diversity within the Pennsylvanian–Cisuralian interval and a major marine transgression documented in many regions in Northern Pangaea took place during the latest Gzhelian to earliest Asselian and evidence for this is now extended to southern Pangaea. Cluster analysis, using the Jaccard similarity index at species level, of late Gzhelian fusulinids from 16 regions has been performed. This shows that the Timor fauna is most closely related to faunas from South China and the Changning-Menlian region of Yunnan (China). The assemblages here are distinct from those of three biogeographic regions (Arctic, Uralo-Asian and Irano-Taurids) recognized within the Tropical belt.
Sequential bond dissociation energies of Th+(CO) x , x = 1−6: Quantum computational studies alternative approach. The capabilities of mass-spectrometry in the determination of molecule geometry

The calculation problem of bond-dissociation energy BDE((CO) x-1 Th + -CO), x = 1−6 was solved using the fundamental law of nature determining the dependence of chemical bond dissociation energy on its length. The recommended experimental values from literature are as follows bond dissociation energies BDE(Th + -CO)= 0.94±0.06 eV, BDE((CO)Th + -CO)=1.05±0.09 eV, BDE((CO) 2 Th + -CO)=1.09±0.05 eV, BDE((CO) 3 Th + -CO)=0.82±0.07 eV, BDE((CO) 4 Th + -CO)=0.63±0.05 eV, BDE((CO) 5 Th + -CO)=0.70±0.05 eV. The theoretical data calculated in this article are 0.934 eV, 1.056 eV, 1.082 eV, 0.82 eV, 0.634 eV, 0.708 eV correspondingly which is in good agreement with the literature. For the first time it was shown that experimental values of bond-dissociation energies, obtained with mass-spectrometry, can be successfully utilized in the calculations of the geometrical properties of molecules. The carried out calculations for thorium hexacarbonyl cation Th(CO) 6 + determine its structure as tetragonal bipyramid. The found bond length values r ((CO) x -1 Th + -CO) are 2.414 Aº and 2.444 Aº for equatorial and axial bonds correspondingly.
Projections of 21st Century Sierra Nevada Local Hydrologic Flow Components Using an Ensemble of General Circulation Models 1

Abstract: Sierra Nevada snowmelt and runoff is a key source of water for many of California’s 38 million residents and nearly the entire population of western Nevada. The purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of expected 21st Century climatic changes in the Sierra Nevada at the subwatershed scale, for all hydrologic flow components, and for a suite of 16 General Circulation Models (GCMs) with two emission scenarios. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated and validated at 35 unimpaired streamflow sites. Results show that temperatures are projected to increase throughout the Sierra Nevada, whereas precipitation projections vary between GCMs. These climatic changes drive a decrease in average annual streamflow and an advance of snowmelt and runoff by several weeks. The largest streamflow reductions were found in the mid‐range elevations due to less snow accumulation, whereas the higher elevation watersheds were more resilient due to colder temperatures. Simulation results showed that decreases in snowmelt affects not only streamflow, but evapotranspiration, surface, and subsurface flows, such that less water is available in spring and summer, thus potentially affecting aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Declining spring and summer flows did not equally affect all subwatersheds in the region, and the subwatershed perspective allowed for identification for the most sensitive basins throughout the Sierra Nevada.
Elevation and volume changes of seven Dickson Land glaciers, Svalbard, 1960–1990–2009

Melting Svalbard glaciers have been recognized as an early indicator of climate change. Large parts of Svalbard remain insufficiently investigated, including Dickson Land, in the quasi-continental interior of Svalbard. In this study, elevation and volume changes of seven glaciers located in the Pyramiden region are assessed by analysing contour lines from 1960 topographic maps and photogrammetrically derived 1990 and 2009 digital elevation models. Mass loss was documented for all seven glaciers. In the period 1960–1990, their average elevation change rate was −0.49 m a−1, while in the more recent period, 1990–2009, it was more negative at −0.78 m a−1, caused by a significant equilibrium line altitude shift with post-1990 rise in summer temperatures. Large variation in elevation change rates between individual glaciers was found and is attributed mainly to aspect and hypsometry. This highlights the importance of choosing a representative sample when investigating mass balance of whole regions. Evidence of a rapid increase in thinning rates in the upper parts of the studied glaciers, linked to decreasing albedo in former accumulation zones, was also found.
Dolomitization of Atolls by Sea Water Convection Flow: Test of a Hypothesis at Niue, South Pacific

The core of the former atoll on Niue island, South Pacific, is extensively dolomitized. A detailed stable isotope study reveals that the dolomites are uniformly enriched in 18O and 13C(δ18O = 2.8‰ ± 0.5; δ13C = 2.0‰ ± 0.3) relative to their carbonate precursor. The Sr isotope ratios are equally constant with depth yielding 87Sr/86Sr values between 0.70912 and 0.70916. The observed isotopic compositions point to sea water as the dominant dolomitizing fluid. The "Sr age" of the dolomites is younger than the biostratigraphic age (Mid to Late Miocene) placing the dolomitization event at Plio-Pleistocene time. A model of sea water convection is proposed for atoll dolomitization on the basis of a thermal gradient between the atoll and the ambient ocean water. Sea water is drawn through the atoll margin and transferred upward by convective flow delivering Mg to the sites of dolomite precipitation. Transported with the sea water are volcano-derived metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) as evidenced by the chemical gradient in the dolomite unit. It is suggested that the thermal convection model can find general application in atolls and other carbonate platforms containing dolomite where thermal instability exists.
DINÂMICA TEMPORAL NA LAGOA DO CAMPELO, REGIÃO NORTE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, BASEADA EM ESTUDOS PALINOLÓGICOS

RESUMO - Este trabalho visa analisar os processos temporais que influenciaram a sedimentacao de palinomorfos em depositos da lagoa do Campelo (municipio de Campos dos Goitacazes, Estado do Rio de Janeiro). Formada no Holoceno, durante a colmatacao de uma vasta paleolaguna, a lagoa conectava-se ao rio Paraiba do Sul pelo canal da Cataia, que a alimentava de agua durante as cheias. Obras de drenagem realizadas em 1950 mudaram a configuracao geomorfologica original e geraram dois novos canais, um ligando a lagoa ao rio, outro ao mar, que, por varios motivos, acabaram transformando em negativo o balanco hidrico da lagoa. As analises das amostras refletiram uma vegetacao hidrofita bem representada em cerca de 2.790 anos A.P.( 14 ABSTRACT - TEMPORAL DYNAMICS IN LAGOA DO CAMPELO, NORTHERN REGION OF THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO, BASED ON PALYNOLOGYCAL STUDIES. This study aims to analyze the temporal processes that influenced the palynomorph sedimentation in the Campelo Lake (Campos dos Goitacazes municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Formed during the Holocene by the isolation of a large paleolagoon, this lake was connected in the past to the Paraiba do Sul River by Cataia's channel which fed it with waters during the inundations. Drainage modifications in the Campos municipality realized in 1950 changed the geomorphological configuration of the Campelo Lake and two new channels were constructed, connecting the lake to the river and to the sea, respectively, which transformed in negative the hydrological balancing of the lake by several reasons. The palynological analysis reflected around 2,790 years B.P. ( 14 C conventional age) hydrophytic vegetation well represented, with low number of pollen types and a high Pseudoschizaea deposition characterizing the development of a wet environment with lower water level. That period corresponded to the descent of the sea level initiated in 2,800 years B.P. which carried the progradation of the outlet of the Paraiba do Sul River. With the elevation of sea level starting from 2,700 years B.P., that causes the erosion in the outlet of the river Paraiba, occurred a progressive damming of waters in the low plain. Near the period of a maximum sea level around 2.500 years B.P. (interpolated age) pollen deposition in the local was facilitated by the rise of water level in the lake. About 2,320 years B.P. ( 14 C conventional age) the Rate of Total Accumulation of palinomorphs was very high, mostly by increase of the herbaceous types and of the hydrophytes. In the location of the core the sedimentation behind 2,320 years B.P. was practically null.
Challenges facing rural entrepreneurship in selected areas in South Africa

South Africa, unlike other developing countries, is classified as one of the best performing economies in Africa. Unfortunately the economic growth of the country continue to be limited by the general constraints of the small business sector, due to challenges of skills such as managerial skills, lack of global competition and the weak entrepreneurial performance. The primary objective of the study is to investigate the influence of selected challenges on the perceived success of entrepreneurship and small businesses within selected rural areas. The primary objective is aided by other secondary objectives including understanding the concept of entrepreneurship and the identification and assessment of entrepreneurial challenges, amongst others. The study was conducted using the quantitative process with main focus to identify the challenges that limit entrepreneurship in the study areas of John Taolo Gaetsewe and Frances Baard District Municipalities of the Northern Cape Province. Drawing from the findings of the study, an integrated framework was designed to improve rural entrepreneurship and small businesses. The study identified the dependent and independent variables of typical, business and operational, personal and specific challenges. From the empirical study, it emerged that these challenges bear significant relationship to entrepreneurial success. An exploratory factor analysis research was conducted using a convenience sample of 282 owner-managers of small businesses to gather relevant data. Besides, a 7point Likert scale was distributed to owner-managers (entrepreneurs) of small businesses for data. It was revealed that most of the respondents’, who operated most businesses as a sole proprietorship, were male. The majority of the ownermanagers (entrepreneurs) ranged between 40 to 49 years old. Most of the small businesses (63.82%) are established in the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality. It further emerged that only 10.28% of respondents were aged between 20 to 29 years. There is the need to embark on serious entrepreneurial education for the youth in South Africa.
Chronic [i]Trichuris muris[/i] infection decreases diversity of the intestinal microbiota and concomitantly increases the abundance of Lactobacilli

The intestinal microbiota is vital for shaping the local intestinal environment as well as host immunity and metabolism. At the same time, epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest an important role for parasitic worm infections in maintaining the inflammatory and regulatory balance of the immune system. In line with this, the prevalence of persistent worm infections is inversely correlated with the incidence of immune-associated diseases, prompting the use of controlled parasite infections for therapeutic purposes. Despite this, the impact of parasite infection on the intestinal microbiota, as well as potential downstream effects on the immune system, remain largely unknown. We have assessed the influence of chronic infection with the large-intestinal nematode Trichuris muris , a close relative of the human pathogen Trichuris trichiura , on the composition of the murine intestinal microbiota by 16S ribosomal-RNA gene-based sequencing. Our results demonstrate that persistent T . muris infection dramatically affects the large-intestinal microbiota, most notably with a drop in the diversity of bacterial communities, as well as a marked increase in the relative abundance of the Lactobacillus genus. In parallel,
Upscaling the BIPHOREP Results - Regional Biogenic VOC Emissions in the European Boreal Zone

Introduction The ultimate purpose of the BIPHOREP project is the characterisation of biogenic emissions from European boreal ecosystems. The full value of the project will be realised when the extensive range of emission data, obtained during the course of the two campaign years, is fitted into the framework of emission modeling to complement the existing species and landscape specific databases. The new results on emission factors and emission composition will improve the accuracy of global biogenic VOC emission inventories and facilitate a more detailed treatment of local emission features which may be important also in regional or global scales.
Palaeomagnetism of greigite bearing sediments from the Dead Sea, Israel

Detailed magnetostratigraphic investigations were carried out on ﬁve sediment cores obtained from three sites on the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea, Israel. The sediments are heterogeneous, composed of ﬁne clastic layers alternating with authigenic aragonite. The magnetic remanence is carried by Ti-magnetite and greigite, reﬂecting a detrital as well as an authigenic phase. Directions of the characteristic remanent magnetization were obtained from stepwise AF-demagnetization of the natural remanent magnetization and subsequent principle component analysis. The acquisition of a gyroremanent magnetization in a noticeable amount of the samples could be linked to core disturbances. The depth–age models, based on AMS 14 C datings on plant remains, yielded an age of 10.04 ka cal. BP for the base of the longest proﬁle from site Ein Gedi, a continuous lacustrine sediment sequence. The proﬁles from the two other sites representing near shore sedimentation are interrupted by a hiatus in sedimentation. Comparison of the inclination and declination records from all Dead Sea cores and nearby sited lakes suggest that low frequency variations documented in the Dead Sea sediments are likely of geomagnetic origin.
Welfare Effects of Adverse Weather through Speed Changes in Car Commuting Trips

This discussion paper led to a publication in 'Networks and Spatial Economics' , 2011, 11(4), 197-199. This paper investigates the welfare effect of adverse weather through changes in the speed of individuals’ car commuting trips in the entire Netherlands. Weather measurements are local and time specific (hourly basis). As most commuters travel twice a day between home and work, we are able to estimate the effect of adverse weather employing panel data techniques, which is novel in this context. We find that for most commuters the welfare effects of adverse weather conditions are negative but small. However, the commuters’ welfare costs due to rain are rather substantial during rush hours in congested areas (and up to 15 percent of the overall commuting costs).
A morpheme-based treebank for Beja

The paper presents the first UD treebank for Beja, a Cushitic language spoken in Sudan. It has been built from the conversion and enhancement of an Interlinear Glossed Text (IGT). The paper’s objectives are three-fold: we explain our choice to use a morph-based annotation and its consequences, we describe the processing chain from an IGT to a morph-based dependency treebank and a word-based treebank, and we present several interesting constructions in Beja