Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Query-driven support pattern discovery for classification learning

We propose a query-driven lazy learning algorithm which attempts to discover useful local patterns, called support patterns, for classifying a given query. The learning is customized to the query to avoid the horizon effect. We show that this query-driven learning algorithm can guarantee to discover all support patterns with perfect expected accuracy in polynomial time. The experimental results on benchmark data sets also demonstrate that our learning algorithm really has prominent learning performance.
Diagnosis and management of hyperhidrosis

#### Summary points Primary hyperhidrosis is characterised by sweating in excess of that needed for normal thermoregulation.1 The condition often goes unreported because of embarrassment,2 and management is hindered by a poor evidence base and lack of clinical guidelines. Anxiety about social situations and relationships, and problems with daily living, such as an inability to hold a pen at work, can affect quality of life.3 Hyperhidrosis may be associated with bromhidrosis (unpleasant odour) from the byproducts of bacteria that colonise sweaty areas.4 5 Subjective perceptions of the condition’s impact on the person’s life, and therefore its severity, can make confirmation of diagnosis and effective management challenging.6 This review aims to provide an update on identifying this condition, instigating appropriate management, and when to refer to a specialist. #### Sources and selection criteria We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane database. Terms used alone and cross referenced were hyperhidrosis, botulin, iontophoresis, tumescent liposuction, oral therapy, topical therapy, and sympathectomy. We considered reviews, meta-analyses, randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, and large case series (owing to the lack of large volume trials). When possible, we used trials published within the past 10 years. The evidence for many treatments used in primary …
Usability Issues in an Interactive Speech-to-Speech Translation System for Healthcare

We describe a highly interactive system for bidirectional, broad-coverage spoken language communication in the healthcare area. The paper briefly reviews the system's interactive foundations, and then goes on to discuss in greater depth issues of practical usability. We present our Translation Shortcuts facility, which minimizes the need for interactive verification of sentences after they have been vetted once, considerably speeds throughput while maintaining accuracy, and allows use by minimally literate patients for whom any mode of text entry might be difficult. We also discuss facilities for multimodal input, in which handwriting, touch screen, and keyboard interfaces are offered as alternatives to speech input when appropriate. In order to deal with issues related to sheer physical awkwardness, we briefly mention facilities for hands-free or eyes-free operation of the system. Finally, we point toward several directions for future improvement of the system.
Automated discovery of relationships, models and principles in ecology

Ecological systems are the quintessential complex systems, involving numerous high-order interactions and non-linear relationships. The most commonly used statistical modelling techniques can hardly reflect the complexity of ecological patterns and processes. Finding hidden relationships in complex data is now possible through the use of massive computational power, particularly by means of Artificial Intelligence methods, such as evolutionary computation. Here we use symbolic regression (SR), which searches for both the formal structure of equations and the fitting parameters simultaneously, hence providing the required flexibility to characterize complex ecological systems. First, we demonstrate how SR can deal with complex datasets for: 1) modelling species richness; and 2) modelling species spatial distributions. Second, we illustrate how SR can be used to find general models in ecology, by using it to: 3) develop species richness estimators; and 4) develop the species-area relationship and the general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography. All the examples suggest that evolving free-form equations purely from data, often without prior human inference or hypotheses, may represent a very powerful tool for ecologists and biogeographers to become aware of hidden relationships and suggest general theoretical models and principles.
Merging Strategy for Vehicles by Applying Cooperative Tracking Control

This work presents a merging strategy for cooperative vehicles. In the proposed strategy, each vehicle possesses a tracking controller that considerers both tracking and coupling error signals, where all vehicles in the group know their positions. The trajectories of the cooperative vehicles are developed, to guarantee that each vehicle keeps a certain distance from the rest of the vehicles in the group, and are designed by using the virtual structure approach. The merging strategy is successfully validated in an experimental setup consisting of a group of nonholonomic mobile vehicles that represents the simplest bicycle model for cars with a zero vehicle length. It is shown using Lyapunov theory that this strategy is global asymptotically stable for the group.
Internet-Based Vestibular Rehabilitation for Older Adults With Chronic Dizziness: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Primary Care

PURPOSE Vestibular rehabilitation is an effective intervention for dizziness due to vestibular dysfunction, but is seldom provided. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of an Internet-based vestibular rehabilitation program for older adults experiencing dizziness in primary care. METHODS We undertook a single-center, single-blind randomized controlled trial comparing an Internet-based vestibular rehabilitation intervention (Balance Retraining, freely available from https://balance.lifeguidehealth.org) with usual primary care in patients from 54 primary care practices in southern England. Patients aged 50 years and older with current dizziness exacerbated by head movements were enrolled. Those in the intervention group accessed an automated Internet-based program that taught vestibular rehabilitation exercises and suggested cognitive behavioral management strategies. Dizziness was measured by the Vertigo Symptom Scale–Short Form (VSS-SF) at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcome was VSS-SF score at 6 months. RESULTS A total of 296 patients were randomized in the trial; 66% were female, and the median age was 67 years. The VSS-SF was completed by 250 patients (84%) at 3 months and 230 patients (78%) at 6 months. Compared with the usual care group, the Internet-based vestibular rehabilitation group had less dizziness on the VSS-SF at 3 months (difference, 2.75 points; 95% CI, 1.39–4.12; P <.001) and at 6 months (difference, 2.26 points; 95% CI, 0.39–4.12; P = .02, respectively). Dizziness-related disability was also lower in the Internet-based vestibular rehabilitation group at 3 months (difference, 6.15 points; 95% CI, 2.81–9.49; P <.001) and 6 months (difference, 5.58 points; 95% CI, 1.19–10.0; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Internet-based vestibular rehabilitation reduces dizziness and dizziness-related disability in older primary care patients without requiring clinical support. This intervention has potential for wide application in community settings.
Radiographic Evaluation of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Canal Curvatures in an Iranian Population

INTRODUCTION Complete knowledge of root canal curvature is a critical factor in successful endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the direction, radius and degree of curvature of maxillary anterior teeth and the relationship between the radius and degree of curvature in Babol, a northern city of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 242 radiographs of maxillary anterior teeth (central, lateral and canine) were taken by periapical parallel technique and processed by automatic processing. The degree of canal curvature was measured only at mesiodistal direction with Schneider method and classified according to Seidberg method. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Overall, 153 (62%) teeth had curvatures; 35.3% were mesially inclined and 64.7% were distally inclined. The degree of canal curvature was categorized into small, intermediate, and severe, that is 39.3%, 44.6% and 16.1%, respectively. The mean value of root curvature angle was 7.24°±9.03° in central incisors, 12.08°±11.02° in lateral incisors, and 15.08°±12.02° in canines respectively. There was significant correlation between type of tooth and degree of curvature (P=0.000). Significant correlation was not found between the type of tooth and radius of curvature (P=0.365). CONCLUSION In the present study, 62% of maxillary anterior teeth had some form of curvatures; highest degrees of curvature were attributed to the canine teeth.
Developmental regulation of membrane traffic organization during synaptogenesis in mouse diaphragm muscle

In innervated adult skeletal muscles, the Golgi apparatus (GA) displays a set of remarkable features in comparison with embryonic myotubes. We have previously shown by immunocytochemical techniques, that in adult innervated fibers, the GA is no longer associated with all the nuclei, but appears to be concentrated mostly in the subneural domain under the nerve endings in chick (Jasmin, B. J., J. Cartaud, M. Bornens, and J.- P. Changeux. 1989. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:7218-7222) and rat (Jasmin, B. J., C. Antony, J.-P. Changeux, and J. Cartaud. 1995. Eur. J. Neurosci. 7:470-479). In addition to such compartmentalization, biochemical modifications take place that suggest a functional specialization of the subsynaptic GA. Here, we focused on the developmental regulation of the membrane traffic organization during the early steps of synaptogenesis in mouse diaphragm muscle. We investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy on cryosections, the distribution of selected subcompartments of the exocytic pathway, and also of a representative endocytic subcompartment with respect to the junctional or extrajunctional domains of developing myofibers. We show that throughout development the RER, the intermediate compartment, and the prelysosomal compartment (mannose 6-phosphate receptor-rich compartment) are homogeneously distributed along the fibers, irrespective of the subneural or extrajunctional domains. In contrast, at embryonic day E17, thus 2-3 d after the onset of innervation, most GA markers become restricted to the subneural domain. Interestingly, some Golgi markers (e.g., alpha-mannosidase II, TGN 38, present in the embryonic myotubes) are no longer detected in the innervated fiber even in the subsynaptic GA. These data show that in innervated muscle fibers, the distal part of the biosynthetic pathway, i.e., the GA, is remodeled selectively shortly after the onset of innervation. As a consequence, in the innervated fiber, the GA exists both as an evenly distributed organelle with basic functions, and as a highly differentiated subsynaptic organelle ensuring maturation and targeting of synaptic proteins. Finally, in the adult, denervation of a hemidiaphragm causes a burst of reexpression of all Golgi markers in extrasynaptic domains of the fibers, hence showing that the particular organization of the secretory pathway is placed under nerve control.
Interactive Relation Extraction in Main Memory Database Systems

We present INDREX-MM, a main memory database system for interactively executing two interwoven tasks, declarative relation extraction from text and their exploitation with SQL. INDREX-MM simplifies these tasks for the user with powerful SQL extensions for gathering statistical semantics, for executing open information extraction and for integrating relation candidates with domain specific data. We demonstrate these functions on 800k documents from Reuters RCV1 with more than a billion linguistic annotations and report execution times in the order of seconds.
X-Window based graphical mobile robot simulator for path planning and sensor fusion experiments

This paper describes the architecture of a graphical mobile robot simulator which serves as a platform for conducting path planning and sensor fusion experiments. The simulator consists of three main parts, the user interface, the simulation core and the application package. The system is built on top of the X-Windows graphics package. The paper describes each of simulator parts and the use of the graphics package. The simulation core uses three coordinate systems to conveniently represent the environment, the robot and its sensors. These coordinate systems and the transformations between them are discussed. A path planning algorithm called the Virtual Force Field algorithm has been implemented on the simulator. Its implementation and some sample simulation runs are also included. <<ETX>>
Physiological adaptations to reproduction. II. Mitochondrial adjustments in livers of lactating mice

SUMMARY Reproduction imposes significant costs and is characterized by an increased energy demand. As a consequence, individuals adjust their cellular structure and function in response to this physiological constraint. Because mitochondria are central to energy production, changes in their functional properties are likely to occur during reproduction. Such changes could cause adjustments in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and consequently in oxidative stress levels. In this study, we investigated several mechanisms involved in energy production, including mitochondrial respiration at different steps of the electron transport system (ETS) and related the results to citrate synthase activity in the liver of non-reproductive and reproductive (two and eight pups) female house mice at peak lactation. Whereas we did not find differences between females having different litter sizes, liver mitochondria of reproductive females showed lower ETS activity and an increase in mitochondrial density when compared with the non-reproductive females. Although it is possible that these changes were due to combined processes involved in reproduction and not to the relative investment in lactation, we propose that the mitochondrial adjustment in liver might help to spare substrates and therefore energy for milk production in the mammary gland. Moreover, our results suggest that these changes lead to an increase in ROS production that subsequently upregulates antioxidant defence activity and decreases oxidative stress.
Finding The Most Preferred Path

Consider a road network, and let the preferred subnet consist of the roads a driver is more acquainted to and hence tends to follow. In this paper, we study the problem of finding the most preferred path between two network nodes; we consider two variants of this problem. We first target the Most Preferred Unrestricted Path (MPUP) that has the lowest traveling time in the non-preferred subnet; this problem was introduced in the literature as identifying the safest path though safe zones. As MPUP imposes no constraints on the total traveling time, we then introduce the Most Preferred Near Shortest Path (MPNSP) that has the lowest traveling time in the non-preferred subnet among all paths which are not much slower than the shortest path. We focus on the efficient evaluation of both problems by proposing solutions with simple pre-processing steps. An extensive evaluation demonstrates the efficiency of our techniques compared to the existing method for MPUP and to the state-of-the-art on computing multi-criteria shortest paths for MPNSP.
Transcranial imaging of audiogenic epileptic foci in the cortex of DBA/2J mice

Exposure to intense sound stimuli induces audiogenic seizures in DBA/2J mice. We investigated cortical activities during sound stimulation using flavoprotein fluorescence imaging. Most DBA/2J mice had seizures during intense sound stimulation, with more than half surviving after seizures. Surviving mice were anesthetized with urethane (1.6 g/kg, intraperitoneal), and the skull was exposed and then covered with clear resin. More than 3 days after surgery, the mice were lightly anesthetized with urethane (0.8 g/kg) and cortical activities during intense sound stimulation were visualized. Focal responses appeared near the somatosensory cortex together with spike activities localized in the response area. These findings indicate that epileptic foci of audiogenic seizure are formed in the cortex of DBA/2J mice.
On the estimation of swimming and flying forces from wake measurements

SUMMARY The transfer of momentum from an animal to fluid in its wake is fundamental to many swimming and flying modes of locomotion. Hence, properties of the wake are commonly studied in experiments to infer the magnitude and direction of locomotive forces. The determination of which wake properties are necessary and sufficient to empirically deduce swimming and flying forces is currently made ad hoc. This paper systematically addresses the question of the minimum number of wake properties whose combination is sufficient to determine swimming and flying forces from wake measurements. In particular, it is confirmed that the spatial velocity distribution (i.e. the velocity field) in the wake is by itself insufficient to determine swimming and flying forces, and must be combined with the fluid pressure distribution. Importantly, it is also shown that the spatial distribution of rotation and shear (i.e. the vorticity field) in the wake is by itself insufficient to determine swimming and flying forces, and must be combined with a parameter that is analogous to the fluid pressure. The measurement of this parameter in the wake is shown to be identical to a calculation of the added-mass contribution from fluid surrounding vortices in the wake, and proceeds identically to a measurement of the added-mass traditionally associated with fluid surrounding solid bodies. It is demonstrated that the velocity/pressure perspective is equivalent to the vorticity/vortex-added-mass approach in the equations of motion. A model is developed to approximate the contribution of wake vortex added-mass to locomotive forces, given a combination of velocity and vorticity field measurements in the wake. A dimensionless parameter, the wake vortex ratio (denoted Wa), is introduced to predict the types of wake flows for which the contribution of forces due to wake vortex added-mass will become non-negligible. Previous wake analyses are re-examined in light of this parameter to infer the existence and importance of wake vortex added-mass in those cases. In the process, it is demonstrated that the commonly used time-averaged force estimates based on wake measurements are not sufficient to prove that an animal is generating the locomotive forces necessary to sustain flight or maintain neutral buoyancy.
Phosphoinositides Decrease Atp Sensitivity of the Cardiac Atp-Sensitive K+ Channel

Anionic phospholipids modulate the activity of inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Fan, Z., and J.C. Makielski. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:5388–5395). The effect of phosphoinositides on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) currents was investigated using the inside-out patch clamp technique in cardiac myocytes and in COS-1 cells in which the cardiac isoform of the sulfonylurea receptor, SUR2, was coexpressed with the inwardly rectifying channel Kir6.2. Phosphoinositides (1 mg/ml) increased the open probability of KATP in low [ATP] (1 μM) within 30 s. Phosphoinositides desensitized ATP inhibition with a longer onset period (>3 min), activating channels inhibited by ATP (1 mM). Phosphoinositides treatment for 10 min shifted the half-inhibitory [ATP] (K i) from 35 μM to 16 mM. At the single-channel level, increased [ATP] caused a shorter mean open time and a longer mean closed time. Phosphoinositides prolonged the mean open time, shortened the mean closed time, and weakened the [ATP] dependence of these parameters resulting in a higher open probability at any given [ATP]. The apparent rate constants for ATP binding were estimated to be 0.8 and 0.02 mM−1 ms−1 before and after 5-min treatment with phosphoinositides, which corresponds to a K i of 35 μM and 5.8 mM, respectively. Phosphoinositides failed to desensitize adenosine inhibition of KATP. In the presence of SUR2, phosphoinositides attenuated MgATP antagonism of ATP inhibition. Kir6.2ΔC35, a truncated Kir6.2 that functions without SUR2, also exhibited phosphoinositide desensitization of ATP inhibition. These data suggest that (a) phosphoinositides strongly compete with ATP at a binding site residing on Kir6.2; (b) electrostatic interaction is a characteristic property of this competition; and (c) in conjunction with SUR2, phosphoinositides render additional, complex effects on ATP inhibition. We propose a model of the ATP binding site involving positively charged residues on the COOH-terminus of Kir6.2, with which phosphoinositides interact to desensitize ATP inhibition.
A TEST FOR MEASURING PERMEABILITY OF GEOMEMBRANES

A geomembrane's main functional property is permeability; it has to be measured. A method has been developed to estimate watertightness of geomembranes. Co-developed by three laboratories, it is now a French standard and has been proposed as a base for a European standard. This paper presents the test method and apparatus that allows to measure very small water flows through geomembranes, ranging from 10 power -7 m3m-2d-1 to 10 power -3 m3m-2d-1. Comments, based on practical knowledge of different PP, HDPE, PVC, EPDM and bituminous geomembranes, are also made to explain limitations of the test. These are due to physical and mechanical reactions of the geomembrane exposed to water and pressure. These mainly influence very low permeability measurements. It appears that, for almost all geomembranes, this test gives accurate values when the flow is greater than 5.10 power -7 m3m-2d-1. For lowest values of flow, a longer test should allow to obtain undisturbed results. For the covering abstract see ITRD E109917.
Enhanced corrosion protective coating based on conducting polyaniline/zinc nanocomposite

Conducting polyaniline (PANI) is being explored as promising material for protection of metals against corrosion. It has the possibility of making smart coatings on metals, which can prevent corrosion even in scratched areas where bare metal surface is exposed to the aggressive environment. However, PANI coatings have poor barrier and mechanical properties. The barrier property of coatings can be enhanced by the addition of appropriate filler particles. Also it has been demonstrated that nanoparticulate fillers give much better barrier properties even at lower concentrations. In this study, the effect of zinc nanoparticles on the anticorrosive property of PANI coating on iron samples has been investigated. The PANI/Zn nanocomposite was synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of Zn nanoparticles. The nanocomposite was characterized by using FTIR, conductivity measurement, cyclic voltammetry, and AFM techniques. Results showed that PANI/Zn nanocomposite coating has improved corrosion protection effect when compared with pure PANI coating. The corrosion current of PANI/Zn coated samples were found to be much lower than that of pure PANI coated samples. The results were referred to the good barrier properties of Zn nanoparticles and improvement in electrochemical corrosion protection of PANI coating in the presence of Zn nanoparticles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010