Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell Biology International

LETM1 is a mitochondrial inner‐membrane protein, which is encoded by a gene present in a locus of 4p, which, in turn, is deleted in the Wolf–Hirschhorn Syndrome, and is assumed to be related to its pathogenesis. The cellular damage caused by the deletion is presumably related to oxidative stress. Melatonin has many beneficial roles in protecting mitochondria by scavenging reactive oxygen species, maintaining membrane potential, and improving functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin administration to LETM1‐silenced mouse embryonic fibroblast cells as a cellular model for LETM1 deficiency. We transfected mouse embryonic fibroblast cells with a pair of siRNA against LETM1 and monitored the oxidative stress and mitochondrial functions with or without melatonin addition. MnSOD expression and aconitase activity decreased and oxidized protein levels increased in LETM1‐silenced cells. LETM1 suppression did not alter the expression of OXPHOS complexes, but the oxygen consumption rates decreased significantly; however, this change was not related to complex I but instead involved complex IV and complex II. Melatonin supplementation effectively normalized the parameters studied, including the oxygen consumption rate. Our findings identified a novel effect of LETM1 deficiency on cellular respiration via complex II as well as a potential beneficial role of melatonin treatment. On the other hand, these effects may be specific to the cell line used and need to be verified in other cell lines.
Sperm retrieval from a male with the rare 47, XXYqs variant of Klinefelter syndrome for intracytoplasmic sperm injection: A case report

A 27‐year‐old man with nonobstructive azoospermia was diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) with a satellite Y chromosome (47, XXYqs) by karyotyping. Genetic analysis revealed azoospermia factor c (AZFc) microdeletion of gr/gr deletion in the Y chromosome. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro‐TESE) was performed in bilateral testes. Very few seminiferous tubules were bilaterally observed, and a minute number of spermatozoa obtained from the left testis were cryopreserved. Histologic examination of the left testicular tissue revealed severe tubular atrophy with only Sertoli cells accompanied by Leydig cell hyperplasia. Oocyte harvest was conducted in his wife in two different cycles after ovarian stimulation, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection was performed for 24 oocytes (8 and 16 oocytes respectively) using thawed spermatozoa. Fertilisation was confirmed in total of 19 oocytes (79.2%), with 15 cleaved embryos (62.5%). Two cleavage‐stage embryos were cryopreserved at day 2, but no blastocysts developed. Frozen–thawed embryo transfer was performed using two cleavage‐stage (day 2) embryos; however, the wife did not conceive. In conclusion, spermatozoa were successfully obtained by micro‐TESE from a patient with 47, XXYqs. Despite failure of conception, the fertilisation and cleavage rates were comparable or better than those reported in patients with “typical” KS.
Alcohol‐related head and neck cancer: Summary of the literature

Alcohol drinking is a risk factor for the development of head‐and‐neck malignancies, including oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers, and coupled with tobacco use, accounts for 75% of oral cancers. We summarized the literature on alcohol‐related head and neck cancer (HNC) and identified gaps that represent areas for future investigation. Research indicates that alcohol consumption has not only been linked to the development of primary HNCs, but also to secondary cancers with continued alcohol intake, cancer recurrences, and other poor health outcomes. Given this evidence, several organizations have called for reduction or avoidance of alcohol, particularly in HNC survivors. Despite these strong recommendations, evidence suggests that HNC survivors continue to use alcohol. There is a need to forge collaborations among clinicians, researchers, and social workers, to address this problem of alcohol consumption in the growing population of HNC survivors.
Down‐regulation of MTHFD2 inhibits NSCLC progression by suppressing cycle‐related genes

Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) is a bifunctional enzyme located in the mitochondria. It has been reported to be overexpressed in several malignancies. However, the relationship between the expression of MTHFD2 and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that MTHFD2 was significantly overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of MTHFD2 resulted in reduced cell growth and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Besides, the mRNA and protein expression level of cell cycle genes, such as CCNA2, MCM7 and SKP2, was decreased in MTHFD2 knockdown H1299 cells. Our results indicate that the inhibitory effect of MTHFD2 knockdown on NSCLC may be mediated via suppressing cell cycle‐related genes. These findings delineate the role of MTHFD2 in the development of NSCLC and may have potential applications in the treatment of NSCLC.
Hospital Mortality and Functional Outcomes in Pediatric Neurocritical Care.

OBJECTIVES Pediatric neurocritical care (PNCC) outcomes research is scarce. We aimed to expand knowledge about outcomes in PNCC by evaluating death and changes in Functional Status Scale (FSS) from baseline among PNCC diagnoses. METHODS We conducted a 2-year observational study of children aged 0 to 18 years admitted to the ICU with a primary neurologic diagnosis (N = 325). Primary outcomes were death and change in FSS from preadmission baseline to discharge. New disability was defined as an FSS change of ≥1 from baseline, and severe disability was defined as an FSS change of ≥3. Categorical results are reported as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Thirty (9%) patients died. New disability (n = 103; 35%) and severe disability (n = 37; 13%) were common in PNCC survivors. New disability (range 14%-54%) and severe disability (range 3%-33%) outcomes varied significantly among primary diagnoses (lowest in status epilepticus; highest in infectious and/or inflammatory and stroke cohorts). Disability occurred in all FSS domains: mental status (15%), sensory (52%), communication (38%), motor (48%), feeding (40%), and respiratory (12%). Most (64%) patients with severe disability had changes in ≥3 domains. Requiring critical care interventions (RR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5-3.1) and having seizures (RR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1-2.0) during hospitalization were associated with new disability. CONCLUSIONS PNCC patients have high rates of death and new disability at discharge, varying significantly between PNCC diagnoses. Multiple domains of disability are affected, underscoring the ongoing multidisciplinary health care needs of survivors. Our study quantified hospital outcomes of PNCC patients that can be used to advance future research in this vulnerable population.
Boosting with AIDSVAX B/E Enhances Env Constant Region 1 and 2 Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Breadth and Potency

Over one million people become infected with HIV-1 each year, making the development of an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine an important unmet medical need. The RV144 human HIV-1 vaccine regimen is the only HIV-1 clinical trial to date to demonstrate vaccine efficacy. An area of focus has been on identifying ways by which to improve upon RV144 vaccine efficacy. The RV305 HIV-1 vaccine regimen was a follow-up boost of RV144 vaccine recipients that occurred 6 to 8 years after the conclusion of RV144. Our study focused on the effect of delayed boosting in humans on the vaccine-induced Env constant region 1 and 2 (C1C2)-specific antibody repertoire. It was found that boosting with an HIV-1 Env vaccine increased C1C2-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity potency and breadth. ABSTRACT Induction of protective antibodies is a critical goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. One strategy is to induce nonneutralizing antibodies (NNAbs) that kill virus-infected cells, as these antibody specificities have been implicated in slowing HIV-1 disease progression and in protection. HIV-1 Env constant region 1 and 2 (C1C2) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) frequently mediate potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), making them an important vaccine target. Here, we explore the effect of delayed and repetitive boosting of RV144 vaccine recipients with AIDSVAX B/E on the C1C2-specific MAb repertoire. It was found that boosting increased clonal lineage-specific ADCC breadth and potency. A ligand crystal structure of a vaccine-induced broad and potent ADCC-mediating C1C2-specific MAb showed that it bound a highly conserved Env gp120 epitope. Thus, boosting to affinity mature these types of IgG C1C2-specific antibody responses may be one method by which to make an improved HIV vaccine with higher efficacy than that seen in the RV144 trial. IMPORTANCE Over one million people become infected with HIV-1 each year, making the development of an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine an important unmet medical need. The RV144 human HIV-1 vaccine regimen is the only HIV-1 clinical trial to date to demonstrate vaccine efficacy. An area of focus has been on identifying ways by which to improve upon RV144 vaccine efficacy. The RV305 HIV-1 vaccine regimen was a follow-up boost of RV144 vaccine recipients that occurred 6 to 8 years after the conclusion of RV144. Our study focused on the effect of delayed boosting in humans on the vaccine-induced Env constant region 1 and 2 (C1C2)-specific antibody repertoire. It was found that boosting with an HIV-1 Env vaccine increased C1C2-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity potency and breadth.
THE EFFECT OF 8 WEEK AEROBIC EXERCISE ON NESFATIN-1 AND ACYLATED GHRELIN IN YOUNG OBESE MEN

Introduction: Nesfatin-1 and ghrelin are two effective peptides in the regulation of energy balance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eight weeks aerobic endurance training on nesfatin-1 and acylated ghrelin in obese men. Methods: Twenthy one obese volunteer men randomly divided into the training and control groups. Training group was run with the intensity (55- 65% max), 45 min, 4 days/week, for 8 weeks. Nesfatin-1, acylated ghrelin (ELISA), body composition and VO2 max of the subjects measured pre and post 8 weeks. Result: The results of independent t-Test showed that the 8 weeks aerobic endurance training did not have significant effect on serum nesfatin-1 and plasma acylated ghrelin levels. In training group, nesfatin-1 decreased and acylated ghrelin increased, but none of these variables showed significant changes like percentages of body fat and BMI. Conclusion: Thus, it seemed the levels of plasma acylated ghrelin and serum nesfatin-1, consequent of loosing weight by aerobic training, increased and decreased, respectively.
Considerations for patient selection: Prepectoral versus subpectoral implant-based breast reconstruction

Background In recent years, breast implants have been frequently placed in the subcutaneous pocket, in the so-called prepectoral approach. We report our technique of prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction (IBR), as well as its surgical and aesthetic outcomes, in comparison with subpectoral IBR. We also discuss relevant considerations and pitfalls in prepectoral IBR and suggest an algorithm for the selection of patients for IBR based on our experiences. Methods We performed 79 immediate breast reconstructions with a breast implant and an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) sling, of which 47 were subpectoral IBRs and 32 were prepectoral IBRs. Two-stage IBR was performed in 36 cases (20 subpectoral, 16 prepectoral), and direct-to-implant IBR in 43 cases (27 prepectoral, 16 subpectoral). The ADM sling supplemented the inferolateral side of the breast prosthesis in the subpectoral group and covered the entire anterior surface of the breast prosthesis in the prepectoral group. Results The postoperative pain score was much lower in the prepectoral group than in the subpectoral group (1.78 vs. 7.17). The incidence of seroma was higher in the prepectoral group (31.3% vs. 6.4%). Other postoperative complications, such as surgical site infection, flap necrosis, implant failure, and wound dehiscence, occurred at similar rates in both groups. Animation deformities developed in 8.5% of patients in the subpectoral group and rippling deformities were more common in the prepectoral group (21.9% vs. 12.8%). Conclusions The indications for prepectoral IBR include moderately-sized breasts with a thick well-vascularized mastectomy flap and concomitant bilateral breast reconstruction with prophylactic mastectomy.
Nutrition Knowledge and Interest of Collegiate Athletes at a Division I University

Statement of Problem: The major objectives of this study were to determine the difference in nutrition-related knowledge between sport, gender, and academic year; how nutrition interest varied between sport and gender; and how perceived nutrition-related knowledge correlated with actual nutrition-related knowledge in a collegiate athlete population. Methods and Procedures: Data was collected using a survey, which was created new for the purposes of this study and was administered to student-athletes in a face-to-face setting. The survey instrument covered a variety of topic areas, including nutrition-related knowledge, perceived nutrition-related knowledge, and nutrition topics of interest. Data was analyzed after all 17 intercollegiate athletic teams, 319 subjects (approximately 75% of the student-athlete population), were surveyed. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, Pearson correlation, two-sample t-tests, and ANOVA tests were conducted. Results: The women's gymnastics team scored significantly higher with regard to nutrition-related knowledge than any other team surveyed, scoring an average of 9.9 out of 14 (p = 0.000). The men's football and men's basketball teams scored significantly lower with regard to nutrition-related knowledge than all other teams, scoring, on average, 7.5 and 6.6 out of 14, respectively (p = 0.000). Female athletes, scoring an 8.8 out of 14, scored significantly higher on average than male athletes, scoring a 7.8 out of 14 (p = 0.000). There was no significant difference in nutrition-related knowledge between academic years. Nutrition topics of interest varied between sport, with pre- and post-workout meals, healthier fast food alternatives, and energy requirements being the topics of highest interest. Females, overall, were most interested in the topics of cheap, healthy meals and safe, healthy weight loss, while males were found to be most interested in the topics of sports drinks and muscle building. Lastly, there was no significant correlation found between perceived and actual nutrition-related knowledge (r = 0.093). Conclusions: Future nutrition education interventions at the university under review should be tailored to fit the interests and education levels of the sport or gender being educated. This will assist in the optimization of retained information, providing a greater opportunity for improvements in athletic performance and overall quality of life.
Mothers' experiences of interacting with their premature infants

Positive mother–infant interactions are important for child development, particularly for premature infants who are at greater risk of developmental delay. Research suggests that maternal interactions with premature infants may be compromised, but there has been little research into mothers' perceptions of interacting with infants following discharge from neonatal care. This qualitative study examined the experiences of mothers of interacting with their premature infants and explored their perceived support and information needs. Semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with twenty mothers which were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Median gestational age of infants at birth was 27 weeks (23–34). Transcripts were thematically analysed and nine themes emerged from the data. Mothers reported feeling unsure and anxious about interacting with their infants in the early periods after discharge. Babies were perceived as sleepy and unresponsive. Many participants recalled that information about taking infants home had focused on physical care with little guidance about interactions and play. Participants felt supported in the neonatal unit, but health professionals in the community were perceived as lacking necessary expertise in the care of premature infants. There is a clear need for informational support for parents at discharge which focuses on helping them to promote their premature infant's development.
Adherence to antihypertensive medication and its correlates among individuals with hypertension in a semi-urban community of Southern Nigeria

Consistent control of blood pressure requires that patients with hypertension follow medication regimen and lifestyle modification. However, many patients fail to adhere to treatment recommendations resulting in less than optimal treatment. While most studies have focused on medication adherence and its associations among hypertensive patients seen in the hospital setting, little is known about this in the community. Knowledge of this will aid clinicians and health policy makers in designing community-based intervention programme to improve medication adherence in the populace. A cross-sectional communitybased study carried out among individuals known to be hypertensive for more than 3 months and on antihypertensive medications. Modified version of the hypertension fact questionnaire and the 8-item Morisky Medication Assessment Scale was used to assess knowledge and adherence to medication respectively. Complete data was available for 252 participants. This included 143 (56.7%) males and 109 (43.3%) females with a mean age of 56.6 ± 12.7 years. Blood pressure control was optimal in 33%, good knowledge of hypertension was found in 52% while only 31.8% were adherent to prescribed medications. Duration of hypertension from time of diagnosis, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and total number of pills swallowed per time were found to independently correlate with medication adherence, albeit negatively. Education program and use of single pill combination regimen can be effective in promoting adherence to medication in our population.
Studies of the pathogenesis and treatment of secondary osteoporosis.

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Supratrochlear Foramen of Humerus-A Morphometric Study with Surgical and Radiological Relevance

Background: The supratrochlear foramen is a common anatomical variation in the lower end of human humerus with significant surgical implication. The present study was carried out to assess the supratrochlear foramen morphologically and morphometrically and highlight the clinical utility of the findings. Material and Methods: The study included sixty dried, unpaired, adult human humeri (28 right and 32 left). They were studied macroscopically for the incidence, dimensions, location and shape of the supratrochlear foramina. Results: Twelve bones (20%) showed supratrochlear foramen (7 on left side and 5 on right side). The transverse diameter of the foramen was measured to be 6.57 ± 2.50 mm on left side and 5.0 ± 1.58 mm on right side. The vertical diameter of the foramen was found to be 5.28 ± 1.60 mm on left side and 3.20 ± 0.83 mm on right side. The distance of the foramen from lateral epicondyle and medial epicondyle of humerus was determined to be 25.16 ± 2.28 mm and 23.58 ± 2.23 mm respectively. The foramina exhibited various shapesirregular, rectangular, hour glass like, triangular and oval. Conclusion: The supratrochlear foramen is important for orthopaedicians as it can predispose to fracture of distal humerus. Requisite planning is necessary for the intramedullary nailing of the fractures of distal humerus due to associated narrow medullary canal in humerus having supratrochlear foramen. Radiologists may misinterpret it as a cystic or lytic lesion of humerus.
Clinical pharmacokinetics and safety of zonisamide in apparently normal dogs following single and multiple dosing

Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Zonisamide in Apparently Normal Dogs Following Single and Multiple Dosing. (August 2004) Jeremy Dane Perkins, B.S., Texas A&M University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Dawn Boothe Dr. Deborah Kochevar The purpose of this study was to design a dosing regimen and evaluate the safety of zonisamide (ZNS) following multiple dosing and to determine appropriate monitoring methods. Clinical pharmacokinetics were studied in 8 adult dogs (4 male and 4 female) ranging from 3 to 4 years of age using a randomized crossover design following single intravenous (IV) and oral administration, 6.85 and 10.25 mg/kg, respectively. Samples were collected intermittently for 48 hours. Dogs were then dosed orally (10.17 mg/kg) twice daily for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected weekly and at discontinuation of the drug. Additionally, urine was collected to determine 24 hour urine ZNS clearance following IV administration. Safety was based on clinical pathology, thyroid and urine testing during both studies. ZNS was measured using high performance liquid chromatography in serum, plasma, erythrocytes (RBC) and whole blood. Data were subjected to standard non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis using computer assisted linear regression (WinNonLin). Comparisons were made in different compartments using one-way ANOVA to identify any differences. Safety parameters at study beginning and end were compared using a Student t-test. ZNS concentrations differed among blood compartments after single dosing, with oral maximum concentration (Cmax) being greatest in RBC (28.73μg/ml) and least (14.36μg/ml) in plasma. Volume of distribution also differed, being greater (1096.05ml/kg) in plasma and least
Diagnostic et traitement du cancer de sein au Cameroun: a propos de 65 cas

Aim: The objective was to describe the clinical and therapeutic aspects of breast cancer at the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, which is a referral centre for gynecological malignancies. Methods: It was a retrospective descriptive study over a period of four years, from June 1st 2003 to May 31st 2007. Results: Sixty five patients were identified during the study period. The mean age and parity were respectively 42.9 ±13.6 years and 3.9 ± 2.1. The mean age of onset of the first menses was 14.0 ± 1.5 years. Most patients were under 50 (72.3%) and had given birth at least once (89.2%). Non menopausal period (75.4%) and breastfeeding (76.9%) were frequently found. The patients consulted 9.2 ± 3.4 months after the onset of symptoms, with 78.5% of cases arriving at a local advanced clinical stage. Ductal carcinoma accounted for 75.4% of histological types, SBR grades 1 and 2 being the most frequent (89.2%). Chemotherapy (69.2% of the cases) and surgery (67.7% of the cases) often radical (three out of four) were the main treatment modalities used. Conclusion: In Yaounde, breast cancer is often a ductal carcinoma of high histological grade, attacking the quarantine non menopausal woman, who gave birth and breastfed at least once, diagnosed with a local clinical advanced disease. Chemotherapy and surgery are the main therapeutic options implemented.