Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of landscape processes upon gene flow and genetic diversity in an Australian freshwater fish, Neosilurus hyrtlii

Summary 1. Flow regime and riverine architecture are two important landscape characteristics that influence genetic diversity and gene flow in riverine species. 2. Using population genetic markers (mtDNA, microsatellites and allozymes), this study aimed to investigate genetic diversity and gene flow in the freshwater fish, Neosilurus hyrtlii, across two major drainage divisions in northern and central Australia (the Gulf of Carpentaria and Lake Eyre basins). These basins lie adjacent to each other and differ in their hydrological inputs and riverine structure, providing an ideal opportunity to identify the impact of landscape processes upon population dynamics of freshwater fish. 3. Populations were strongly structured among basins, among catchments within basins and were weakly structured within catchments in the Lake Eyre Basin, providing support for the Stream Hierarchy Model. 4. Interestingly, mtDNA and microsatellite diversity was much higher in the Gulf of Carpentaria Basin compared to the Lake Eyre Basin. It was concluded that this difference was due to the extreme hydrological variability in this basin and boom-bust population cycles resulting in smaller effective population sizes in the Lake Eyre Basin.
The relationship between heterotrophic feeding and inorganic nutrient availability in the scleractinian coral T. reniformis under a short‐term temperature increase

Worldwide increase in seawater temperature represents one of the major threats affecting corals, which experience bleaching, and thereafter a significant decrease in photosynthesis and calcification. The impact of bleaching on coral physiology may be exacerbated when coupled with eutrophication, i.e., increasing plankton, inorganic nutrient concentrations, sedimentation and turbidity due to coastal urbanization. Whereas zooplankton provision (heterotrophy) may alleviate the negative consequences of thermal stress, inorganic nutrient supply may exacerbate them, which creates a paradox. Our experimental study aims to disentangle the effects of these two components of eutrophication on the physiological response of Turbinaria reniformis subject to normal and to a short‐term temperature increase. Additionally, three different inorganic nutrient ratios were tested to assess the influence of nutrient stoichiometry on coral physiology: control (ambient SW 0.5 μM N and 0.1 μM P), N only (ambient + 2 μM N) and N + P (ambient + 2 μM N and + 0.5 μM P). Our results show a deleterious effect of a 2 μM nitrate enrichment alone (N) on coral photosynthetic processes under thermal stress as well as on calcification rates when associated with heterotrophy. On the contrary, a coupled nitrate and phosphorus enrichment (N + P) maintained coral metabolism and calcification during thermal stress and enhanced them when combined with heterotrophy. Broadly, our results shed light on the tight relationship existing between inorganic nutrient availability and heterotrophy. Moreover, it assesses the relevance of N: P stoichiometry as a determining factor for the health of the holobiont that may be adapted to specific nutrient ratios in its surrounding environment.
Phenological Development–Yield Relationships in Dry Pea in Semiarid Mediterranean Conditions

Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) growers in the semiarid Mediterranean region require cultivars that are both early maturing and high yielding. However, negative relationships between these two characteristics limit their simultaneous improvement. A better understanding of the relative importance of the developmental stages in determining yield would assist in pea improvement. Sixteen dry pea cultivars were grown for 2 years under semiarid Mediterranean conditions (Maru, north Jordan) in order to see if differences in growing degree days (GDD) to flowering and GDD from planting to physiological maturity exist and to study their relationships with seed yield. Seed yield was negatively correlated with GDD to maturity, but not significantly correlated with GDD to flowering. Increasing GDD to flowering resulted in higher seed yield, while increasing seed fill duration had little effect. Rapid seed fill rate was positively correlated with seed weight and negatively correlated with seed fill duration. These results indicate that Mediterranean-adapted cultivars would have preflowering periods lasting as long as possible, followed by short seedfill periods. Simultaneous selection for early maturity and a relatively long time to flowering is recommended for the development of early-maturing, high-yielding cultivars adapted to semiarid Mediterranean environments.
The socio-economic impact of the Karoo National Park

National parks in South Africa are seen as major tourism assets due to the wildlife and various activities for international and local visitors. Little is known of the socio-economic contribution of these parks to their respective local economies. The purpose of this research was to determine the socio-economic impact of the Karoo National Park (Karoo NP) in South Africa, especially the economic impact of the Karoo NP on the local economy, the impact of tourism business development in the Karoo district, and how the park affects the community. Three surveys were used to determine the socio-economic impact: a community survey, a business survey and a tourist survey. The results show that the park has an impact in terms of production, income generation and employment in the area, but this impact is not as significant as that of other national parks in South Africa. A small percentage (4%) of businesses in Beaufort West owe their existence to the Karoo NP, but most rely on tourist spending. For the park to have a greater impact, it is imperative to increase accommodation capacity, offer more activities and promote activities and attractions in the region. Conservation implication: The importance of this article lies in the economic value that conservation management generates as well as identifying the benefits that communities derive from the existence of a national park. It also supports the notion that conservation entails more than just conserving fauna and flora and highlights the interdependence of conservation, tourism and community participation.
The Market Reaction to SEC IFRS-Related Announcements: The Case of American Depository Receipt (ADR) Firms in the U.S.

SYNOPSIS: The objective of our study is to test whether the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the United States (U.S.) is perceived positively by American Depository Receipt (ADR) firms' equity market participants. We conduct our tests by studying market reactions to the Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) IFRS-related press releases, between 2007 and 2011, regarding potential adoption of IFRS in the U.S. Using a sample of ADR firms and multivariate regression analyses, we test the 3-day cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) of investors of ADR firms in response to SEC announcements on potential IFRS adoption. We find a significant and positive market reaction to the SEC's announcements related to the potential adoption of IFRS in the U.S. for ADR firms reporting their financial statements using IFRS, especially in the industry where IFRS is the globally predominant accounting standard. Conversely, we find a significantly negative market reaction to SEC-related announcem.
The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey. XV. VFTS 822: A candidate Herbig B[e] star at low metallicity

We report the discovery of the B[e] star VFTS 822 in the 30 Doradus star-forming region of the Large Magellanic Cloud, classified by optical spectroscopy from the VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey and complementary infrared photometry. VFTS 822 is a relatively low-luminosity (logL = 4.04 0.25L ) B8[e] star. In this Letter, we evaluate the evolutionary status of VFTS 822 and discuss its candidacy as a Herbig B[e] star. If the object is indeed in the pre-main sequence phase, it would present an exciting opportunity to spectroscopically measure mass accretion rates at low metallicity, to probe the e ect of metallicity on accretion rates.
Past, Present and Future Research on Multiple Identities: Toward an Intrapersonal Network Approach

AbstractPsychologists, sociologists, and philosophers have long recognized that people have multiple identities—based on attributes such as organizational membership, profession, gender, ethnicity, religion, nationality, and family role(s)—and that these multiple identities shape people's actions in organizations. The current organizational literature on multiple identities, however, is sparse and scattered and has yet to fully capture this foundational idea. I review and organize the literature on multiple identities into five different theoretical perspectives: social psychological; microsociological; psychodynamic and developmental; critical; and intersectional. I then propose a way to take research on multiple identities forward using an intrapersonal identity network approach. Moving to an identity network approach offers two advantages: first, it enables scholars to consider more than two identities simultaneously, and second, it helps scholars examine relationships among identities in greater detai.
Group size effect on cooperation in social dilemmas.

Social dilemmas are central to human society. Depletion of natural resources, climate protection, security of energy supply, and workplace collaborations are all examples of social dilemmas. Since cooperative behaviour in a social dilemma is individually costly, Nash equilibrium predicts that humans should not cooperate. Yet experimental studies show that people do cooperate even in anonymous one-shot interactions. In spite of the large number of participants in many modern social dilemmas, little is known about the effect of group size on cooperation. Does larger group size favour or prevent cooperation? We address this problem both experimentally and theoretically. Experimentally, we find that there is no general answer: it depends on the strategic situation. Specifically, we find that larger groups are more cooperative in the Public Goods game, but less cooperative in the N-person Prisoner's dilemma. Theoretically, we show that this behaviour is not consistent with either the Fehr & Schmidt model or (a one-parameter version of) the Charness & Rabin model, but it is consistent with the cooperative equilibrium model introduced by the second author.
Parámetros genéticos para caracteres productivos y reproductivos en Holstein y Jersey colombiano

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters in milk production and reproduction traits in Holstein and Jersey from Antioquia, Colombia. The information was obtained from 85 Holstein dairy herds and 7 Jersey dairy herds. The milk production traits evaluated were: milk yield (PL), protein percentage (PP), fat percentage (PG) and somatic cell score (SCS) and the reproduction traits evaluated were: calving interval (IEP), days open (DA), number of services per conception (NSC) and conception rate (TC). The (co) variance components, genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated by using univariate and bivariate linear mixed models and the solutions of the mixed model equations were obtained through derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood method. The heritabilities obtained for milk production traits ranged from 0.22 to 0.35, except for SCS that were low (h2<0.11) and for reproduction traits ranged between 0.03 and 0.15. The highest genetic correlations for Holstein were: rgIEPxPL= 0.77, rgIEPxPP= 0.61, rgIEPxPL= 0.77 and rgDAxSCS= 0.73 and for Jersey were: rgIEPxPP= 0.56, rgIEPxSCS= 0.49, rgTCxPG= –0.52 and rgTCxSCS= –0.72. Phenotypic correlations were low in all cases, ranged from –0.17 to 0.16. Milk production traits are more heritable than reproduction traits. However, genetic correlations suggest that it is favorable to construct selection indices from these traits to gain more genetic progress but balanced in their productive and reproductive components.
PENGARUH KUALITAS SISTEM, KUALITAS INFORMASI, KUALITAS LAYANAN, TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENGGUNA SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK UNIVERSITAS MERDEKA MALANG

The aims of this article are making explanation on any variables introduced by DeLone and McLean (2003), such as system quality, information quality, service quality, individual impact organization impact, and net benefit. These variables were implemented to the academic information system (SIAKAD) in Universitas Merdeka Malang. By quantitative research, the impact of these variables to the users satisfication will be known. And also, what variable be a most affecting in this system.
Transmission characteristics of the clover phyllody agent by dodder

The results obtained in investigations on the biological characteristics of the clover phyllody agent (CPA) in respect to its transmission by the experimental vector Cuscuta campestris Younk, using Catbarantus roseus L. as constant host, are reported. Transmission efficiency of CPA was comparable whether the “stable bridge” or the “cut strand” of dodder method was adopted. The acquisition and inoculation threshold was between 4 and 6 days. The efficiency of transmission became greater by lengthening the test period up to 15 days. In cuttings of dodder maintained in water after recision, the maximum retention of infectivity, in respect to transmission capacity of CPA, was 28 days. It was proved that CPA invades C. campestris in a persistent manner. In comparative tests between CPA and APA (apple proliferation agent) it was demonstrated that the former is more efficiently transmitted than the latter. Moreover there is a much higher pathogenic effect of APA than CPA in dodder; in fact C. campestris as well as C. subinclusa Dur. and Hilg. develops poorly and shows deformations when growing on AP infected periwinkles. The basic distinguishable symptoms of the two diseases in C. roseus are: virescence and phyllody for CP; small but never virescent flowers for AP. MLOs have been detected, by electron microscopy, in sieve elements of C. roseus and C. campestris infected by CPA.
Impact of Distribution State Estimation in DMS Operation

Active networks are distribution networks with generators and storage devices and flexible loads subject to control. Distribution Management System (DMS) is necessary to manage and control the system economically and safely, by interacting and coordinating distributed energy resources. The main goal of the DMS is finding the optimal operation point of the network, minimizing the overall costs and keeping the system within the technical constraints. Since measurement system in distribution is constituted by a limited number of measurement devices, the DMS operating has to be based on the estimated status of the network provided by an ad hoc distribution state estimator. The state estimation algorithm, starting from real measurements and historical data, e.g. pseudo-measurements, is able to find the value of the status variables with a prefixed level of quality. The quality of the estimates can seriously affect the system management. This paper presents the evaluation of the uncertainty level introduced by the distribution state estimation in the DMS operating. Examples derived by a representative distribution network are presented.
Mixed‐conifer understory response to climate change, nitrogen, and fire

California's Sierra Nevada mountains are predicted to experience greater variation in annual precipitation according to climate change models, while nitrogen deposition from pollution continues to increase. These changes may significantly affect understory communities and fuels in forests where managers are attempting to restore historic conditions after a century of altered fire regimes. The objective of this research was to experimentally test the effects of increasing and decreasing snowpack depth, increasing nitrogen, and applying prescribed fire to mixed‐conifer forest understories at two sites in the central and southern Sierra Nevada. Understory response to treatments significantly differed between sites with herb biomass increasing in shrub‐dominated communities when snowpack was reduced. Fire was a more important factor in post‐treatment species richness and cover than either snowpack addition or reduction. Nitrogen additions unexpectedly increased herbaceous species richness. These varied findings indicate that modeling future climatic influences on biodiversity may be more difficult than additive prediction based on increasing the ecosystem's two limiting growth resources. Increasing snowpack and nitrogen resulted in increased shrub biomass production at both sites and increased herb production at the southern site. This additional understory biomass has the potential to increase fuel connectivity in patchy Sierran mixed‐conifer forests, increasing fire severity and size.
Incidence of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in the United States from 2001-2015: A United States Cancer Statistics Analysis of 50 States

Introduction Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) was once a mislabeled cancer with inaccurate incidence data in the United States (US). Since the discovery of a gain of function mutation in kit, the proper identification of GIST has greatly improved. Given this inaccuracy in prior GIST incidence, our goal in this study was to evaluate the true incidence of GIST in at-risk populations in all 50 states. Methods The United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) was used to obtain data for GISTs from 2001 to 2015. Incidence analysis was done for sex, race, stage, primary location, and US regional location. Results The overall incidence of GISTs from 2001-2015 was 0.70 per 100,000 people per year. Overall incidence rates were greatest for each stratification of males, blacks, localized disease, primary location in the stomach, and the Northeast. The incidence in blacks increased with an annual percent change (APC) of 6.27 between 2001 and 2015. Between 2001 and 2015, the incidence of localized disease and GISTs with a primary location in the stomach increased with APCs of 8.90 and 6.25, respectively. In the Northeast, between 2001 and 2003, the incidence initially increased expeditiously (APC 13.35); however, after 2003, the incidence continued to rise but no longer at the same rapid rate (APC 3.05). Conclusion In our study, we investigated the incidence of GISTs using data from the USCS database for all 50 states in the US. We found an alarming rise in the incidence in blacks, localized disease, the stomach, and those in the Northeast. Ultimately, further studies are required to identify risk factors for the development of GISTs; however, our study will serve as a template to help guide those studies.
The Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) v1.1

Abstract. Despite their importance for sea-level rise, seasonal water availability, and as a source of geohazards, mountain glaciers are one of the few remaining subsystems of the global climate system for which no globally applicable, open source, community-driven model exists. Here we present the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM), developed to provide a modular and open-source numerical model framework for simulating past and future change of any glacier in the world. The modeling chain comprises data downloading tools (glacier outlines, topography, climate, validation data), a preprocessing module, a mass-balance model, a distributed ice thickness estimation model, and an ice-flow model. The monthly mass balance is obtained from gridded climate data and a temperature index melt model. To our knowledge, OGGM is the first global model to explicitly simulate glacier dynamics: the model relies on the shallow-ice approximation to compute the depth-integrated flux of ice along multiple connected flow lines. In this paper, we describe and illustrate each processing step by applying the model to a selection of glaciers before running global simulations under idealized climate forcings. Even without an in-depth calibration, the model shows very realistic behavior. We are able to reproduce earlier estimates of global glacier volume by varying the ice dynamical parameters within a range of plausible values. At the same time, the increased complexity of OGGM compared to other prevalent global glacier models comes at a reasonable computational cost: several dozen glaciers can be simulated on a personal computer, whereas global simulations realized in a supercomputing environment take up to a few hours per century. Thanks to the modular framework, modules of various complexity can be added to the code base, which allows for new kinds of model intercomparison studies in a controlled environment. Future developments will add new physical processes to the model as well as automated calibration tools. Extensions or alternative parameterizations can be easily added by the community thanks to comprehensive documentation. OGGM spans a wide range of applications, from ice–climate interaction studies at millennial timescales to estimates of the contribution of glaciers to past and future sea-level change. It has the potential to become a self-sustained community-driven model for global and regional glacier evolution.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPONENT LIBRARY GENETIC ALGORITHM BY USING OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING

This paper presents the design and development of Genetic Algorithm (GA) library components by using object-oriented design and programming (OODP) and Componentbased development(CBD). Genetic Algorithm component is an engine software component which is developed by own development for solving the optimization problem by using a structure of Genetic Algorithm (GA) called as Genetic Algorithm Library (LibAGen). OODP and CBD methodologies include requirement analysis, use-case diagrams, and class diagrams. Genetic Algorithm Library (LibAGen) consists of 22 classes which is grouped into namespaces based on GA design structure that include population representation, evaluation function, genetic operators (crossover and mutation) and selection. To measure the performance of the LibAGen engine, a validation has been carried outby using a sinusoidal function with two-parameters. Optimal parameter with some testing through variations of the number generations (iterations) have been performed in this paper. The GA parameters selected are crossover probability of 25% and mutation probability of 5%. Validation test results indicate that the best fitness and parameters are 388,501, x1 = 11,6256 and x2 = 5,7249. There is no significant result in term of the best fitness compared with Michalewicz (1999) i.e. 0.08%