Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical variability of peel and leaf oils of mandarins

Peel and leaf oils of 35 mandarin cultivars, belonging to five different species, were obtained from fruits and leaves collected on mandarin-trees kept at the same pedoclimatic and cultural conditions. Their chemical composition was investigated by capillary GC, GC–MS and 13C-NMR and the results were submitted to a statistical analysis. Two major chemotypes, limonene and limonene/γ-terpinene, were distinguished for peel oils, while five chemotypes, linalool, sabinene/linalool, β-pinene/linalool, γ-terpinene and methyl N-methylanthranilate, were observed for leaf oils. The results were compared with those already reported by our groups. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can a single measurement of carbamazepine suffice for therapeutic monitoring

Using fluorescence polarization immunoassay, we measured the peak and trough concentrations of total and free carbamazepine in serum and saliva from 33 epileptic children. We found that, except for patients who show side effects, measurement of trough values in a single sample, collected after an overnight fast and before the morning dose, sufficiently estimates clinical response. Moreover, total carbamazepine is as informative as free carbamazepine.
Quality of strawberries after storage in constant or fluctuating temperatures.

Cumulative degree day were used for two different temperature regimes, constant and fluctuating. Temperature regimes had no significant effect on color, total anthocyanins, soluble-solids content, acidity and sucrose content of strawberries. Weight loss and pH were higher, and firmness and glucose content were lower in fruits from the fluctuating temperatures treatment than in others. The concept of degree day cannot be applied to predict the effects of temperature on quality of strawberry since some quality parameters were dependent on the temperature pattern. If a constant temperature of about 1 °C cannot be maintained? a range of 1.0 to 5.5 °C should be acceptable for good quality.
Structural features in Tutton’s salts K2[M2+(H2O)6](SO4)2, with M2+ = Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn

Abstract The crystal chemistry of six crystals of general formula K2[M2+(H2O)6](SO4)2, with M2+ = Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, was investigated by single-crystal structure analysis to determine the effects of the chemical variation of M2+ on the structural environment surrounding K, M, and S sites. Results indicate that the distortion in the SO4 tetrahedron and the MO6 octahedron is very small, except for CuO6 where it is pronounced because of the Jahn-Teller effect. The KO8-octacoordinate polyhedron has the highest degree of distortion, and its idealized shape may be referred to as a bicapped trigonal prism. The SO4 size is not affected by changes in cation occupancies at the adjacent M site. In contrast, changes in the KO8 size, which are accompanied by changes in the bond valence sum at K, depend on interaction with the first and second coordination sphere of M. This interaction results by changes in M-O individual lengths, by expansion of the second coordination sphere of M, and by changes in the distribution of the bond strengths over the O atoms coordinated to K. The MO6 size follows the expected trend from the increased ionic radius at the M site. The latter is also correlated with the unit-cell volume except for the Cu- and Mg-phase, which show a larger cell volume with respect to that expected. Although the relevant octahedral distortion around the Cu2+ cation explains the volume excess in the Cu-phase, an expansion of the second coordination sphere of Mg2+, compared to those of cations of larger ionic radius (such as Zn and Co), explains the excess of the unit-cell volume in the Mg-phase. As the CuO6 distortion can be caused by the Jahn-Teller effect, the higher ionicity of the Mg atom could be the cause for its anomalous behavior observed in Tutton’s salts. This stereochemical behavior of the Mg atom seems to be consistent with the weakening of the hydrogen bonds in the structure connected to differences in the bonding character of Mg and transition metals when coordinated by water molecules.
EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON THE THERMODYNAMICS OF RARE EARTH COMPOUNDS: THE USE OF PRESSURE FOR MAGNETIC COOLING

A new method for the adiabatic cooling by application of pressure has been recently proposed by Müller et al. [1]. The present thesis thoroughly investigates this method. It represents the first comprehensive work in this field. As well as any other (magnetic) adiabatic cooling technique, the cooling results from a change in the magnetic entropy of the system under investigation. As opposed to the well known method of adiabatic demagnetization (for paramagnets) or to the magnetocaloric effect (for ferroand antiferromagnets), the entropy change does not result from the application of an external magnetic field, but from the application of external pressure. The original idea of realizing the entropy change by a pressure-induced structural phase transition [1] has been extended by other mechanisms equally resulting in a change of magnetic entropy. These include: pressure-induced magnetic phase transitions, pressure-induced changes in the degree of 4f − sd hybridization in Kondo systems, pressure-induced valence transitions and pressure-induced spinfluctuations. The above mechanisms have all been verified experimentally with an experimental setup allowing for the direct observation of the cooling effect. For the modelling of the effect, microscopic properties of the respective system were used, which have been determined by neutron diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering and measurement of the specific heat and the magnetic susceptibility. Rare-earth compound are among the most interesting systems for the study of the above mentioned effect. In these compounds the magnetic entropy is governed by the crystal-field splitting of the rare earth ion, which for the ground-state J multiplet is of the order of a few 10 K. The large value of total angular moment J allows for comparatively large entropy changes. The systems studied within this work include: CeSb, Ce1−xLaxSb, HoAs, Ce3Pd20Ge6 and EuNi2(Si,Ge)2. Measurements on a single crystal sample of CeSb revealed a directly observed cooling of -2 K upon a release of 0.52 GPa uniaxial pressure at ∼ 20 K. The cooling is a result from a pressure-induced magnetic phase transition. In HoAs the observed cooling effect also results from a pressure-induced magnetic phase transition. An additional contribution to the effect is caused by the structural distortion of the system under uniaxial pressure (-0.35 K per 0.3 GPa uniaxial pressure release at ∼ 6 K). In the Kondo compound Ce3Pd20Ge6 a combination of decreased 4f -conduction electron hybridization and structural distortion upon pressure is found responsible for the observed cooling (-0.75 K per 0.3 GPa uniaxial pressure release at ∼ 4 K). Finally the pressure-induced valence transition in EuNi2(Si,Ge)2 revealed an observed cooling of -0.52 K upon 0.48 GPa hydrostatic pressure release at ∼ 60 K.
The determination of yttrium, europium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium in minerals by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry

A procedure is described for determining yttrium, europium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium in zirconium and calcium rare earth silicates by atomic-absorption spectroscopy, which involves the use of a lanthanum suppressor and has potential applications to other minerals containing these interferences. Although many of the associated ingredients are found to interfere, the addition of lanthanum overcomes these problems in many instances. Sensitivities and detection limits found with the proposed procedure are given for each element.
Effectiveness of Apricot Grown in Gilgit-Baltistan for the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a highly nutritious fruit with a variety of bioactive health promoting components. In the first experiment, among the tested varieties, Habi extracted with 80% methanol maintained the higher total phenolic contents, flavonoid contents, radicle scavenging activity and were equally good in regards to antibacterial potential against Escherichia coli, Salmonella entritidis, Pseudomonas flourescens and Helicobacter pylori. These collected extracts were then examined against different solvents. Similar trend was also observed in TPC, TFC, DPPH activity and antimicrobial activities against tested bacteria with butanol extracts of the Habi variety. In the second experiment, comparatively a higher TPC, TFC and DPPH activity was recorded in 4 hrs of extraction time with 40 o C temperature at deep orange stage. Similar trend was also recorded in regards to antibacterial activities against tested pathogen respectively. The results also confirmed the higher potential of butanol then other counterparts indicating the maximum values of TPC, TFC and DPPH activity and antibacterial activities against four tested pathogens. In the third experiment, the spectrum of FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of polyphenolic compounds in these extracts. HPLC analysis revealed presence of various bioactive compounds especially chlorogenic acid in butanol extract. These fractions also showed a significant antibacterial activity against four pathogens. This organism showed sensitivity to a dose of 20 μg/ml. It was further found that about 8.4 and 3.8 μg/ml of CA was present in one fruit on fresh and dry weight basis. Finally, H. pylori positive patients were identified followed by a dose of fresh and dried Habi variety to male and female patients for the period of 20 days. Later on, the results suggested that three dried apricots showed promising effects in the urease (up to 37.5%) and IgG (15.8%) of positive patients. So, three dried apricots (approx. 15 gm) are recommended for eradication of infection.
Improvement of Octane Number of Naphtha Cut of Taq-Taq Crude Oil and Khormala Crude Oil Wells by Using Additives.

P Abstract— Gas condensate from khor-Mhor field and Naphtha cuts from Taq-Taq crude oil and Khormala crude oil have been fully analyzed and evaluated using ASTM standard test methods. Two Types of additives and pyrolysis gasoline have been blended with naphtha samples in different volumetric ratios. Octane number of each blend has been measured using three different octane analyzers. Index Terms—Additive , ASTM , Gasoline , Gas condensate , Naphtha, Octane analyzer , Octane number . ——————————  ——————————
STOMATAL CLOSURE IN OXYGEN‐STRESSED PLANTS

Stomatal closure of plants in flooded soil, as determined by leaf gas exchange, has been recognized since 1973, and for simple hypoxia since 1975. At least 58 species have been shown to close stomata with hypoxic or flooded conditions. Various factors interact to affect the relationship between rhizosphere oxygen availability, as measured by soil oxygen diffusion rate (ODR), and degree of stomatal closure. These factors include root temperature, species, plant growth stage, plant mineral nutrition, and duration and nature of hypoxia. Soil water content, bulk density, and temperature also influence ODR. Abscisic acid accumulation in leaves appears to induce stomatal closure, as a stress response to root hypoxia, through its effect on potassium ion regulation of guard cell turgor. Stomatal closure generally persists well beyond actual soil hypoxia. Photosynthesis is reduced by root hypoxia, both by reduction of leaf gas exchange and by a lowering of the photosynthetic rate at a given leaf gas exchange rate. This phenomenon deserves greater attention in evaluating and modelling of crop response to soil hypoxia and as a sensitive indicator of severity of soil hypoxic stress.
In situ Generated Dimethyl Dioxirane (DMD)/Copper(II) (2,2'-diamino-4, 4'-bithiazole) Complex as a New Oxidant for Polybutadiene and Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) Epoxidation

Epoxidation of polybutadiene and HTPB are performed by using in situ generated dimethyl dioxirane (DMD) as oxidant and copper(II) (2,2'diamino-4,4 '-bithiazole) (DABTZ) complex as the catalyst at 25°C. For comparison of double bond reactivities, epoxidation reactions are performed on three different types of polybutadiene and HTPBs containing various cis, trans, vinyl microstructures. The tendency of different C=C geometries towards epoxidation are evaluated in detail at various reaction times as well as catalyst concentration and the products are characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopies. Spectra analysis did not show the formation of over-oxidation products even at long reaction times. Another important observation is the preservation of hydroxyl end groups in HTPB chain.
Good Corporate Governance, Earnings Management and Profit Optimization to Increase the Competitiveness of Sharia Commercial Banks Industry

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on earnings management and profit as an effort to improve the competitiveness of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The study was conducted on 11 Islamic public banks registered with Financial Services Authority using data from the period 2013-2017. Methods of data analysis are using PLS-SEM with WrapPLS 6.0 statistical tools. The results of the study showed that the GCG elements of the sharia supervisory board and the board of commissioners did not affect earnings management, while the audit committee element affected earnings management. This condition shows that the shariah supervisory board and board of commissioners have not optimally influenced the practice of earnings management and supported the increase in the competitiveness of Islamic banks in Indonesia, but the audit committee contributed to controlling the practice of earnings management. GCG elements of the sharia supervisory board and audit committee have no effect on the increase in company profits while the board of commissioners has an influence on increasing corporate profits. This condition shows that the shariah supervisory board and audit committee have not optimally influenced corporate profits to support the increase in the competitiveness of Islamic banks in Indonesia while the board of commissioners contributes to optimizing corporate profits. The test results also show that earnings management has a positive effect on increasing corporate profits. The GCG element of the audit committee is able to play a role in encouraging the implementation of earnings management so that it influences the increase in corporate profits. Profit optimization through increasing the role of GCG can increase the competitiveness of Sharia Commercial Banks
Facile synthesis of amphoteric ion exchange membrane by radiation grafting of sodium styrene sulfonate andN,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate for vanadium redox flow battery

Sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) are grafted into poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) film using γ-radiation techniques. SSS could be co-grafted successfully with DMAEMA, although it is difficult to be grafted solely into PVDF films. Through subsequent protonation process, an amphoteric ion exchange membrane (AIEM) is synthesized facilely and environmentally benignly. The degree of grafting (DOG) increases with absorbed dose and levels off at 40 kGy. Micro-FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirm the existence of the designed units and quaternization of DMAEMA units in the grafted films. The quaternization and grafting occurring at the same time makes it a unique way to synthesize quaternized AIEM in one step. Finally, an AIEM with a DOG of 43% is assembled in the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) system, and the VRFB maintains an open circuit voltage higher than 1.4 V after placed for 85 h, which is much longer than that with Nafion117 membrane. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 5194–5202
Determination of Antimony(III) and Total Antimony in Aqueous Samples by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction (DLLME)

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) was proposed for determination of antimony(III) and total antimony at very low concentrations in water samples. The N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) was used as a chelating agent, and chloroform and ethanol were used as extraction and disperser solvents, respectively. The effect of various experimental parameters on the extraction and determination was investigated. The detection limits (3σ) were 0.005 μg L−1 for Sb(III) and 0.008 μg L−1 for total Sb. The developed method was applied successfully to the determination of Sb(III) and total Sb in natural water samples.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACTS OF AEGLE MARMELOS AND CAMELLIA SINENSIS IN OIL INDUCED DYSLIPIDEMIC RATS

The present study appraised the protective activity of aqueous leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos and Camellia sinensis and its possible mechanism of action. Male Witar albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Groups I normal control; Group II hyperlipidemic with coconut oil and ground nut oil (8 ml/ rat/ day); Group III Hyperlipidemic treated with Aegle marmelos extract (250 mg / kg b. wt./ day) and Group IV Hyperlipidemic treated with Camellia sinensis extract (250 mg / kg b. wt./ day) orally. The whole study lasted for 28 days. The results clearly demonstrate the positive effects of Aegle marmelos and Camellia sinensis in oil administration. The amount of free and ester cholesterol were significantly reduced in the treatment group. Amount of TBARS was elevated in the induction group as an effect of high radical generation. This is a classical marker for the cell damage, as an increase of TBARS, the cell damage in the induction group is possible which was further evidenced by the elevated SGOT and ALP levels in induction group. Amount of SOD and CAT were decreased in the induction group. Upon treatment with the plant extracts there is significant raise in SOD and CAT levels and simultaneous decrease in the levels of TBARS, SGOT and ALP. The probable mechanism of action of the plants is assumed to be by their anti-oxidant property.
Congo red dye decolourization by partially purified laccases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Great number of dyes is used in textile industries. Among all the dyestuffs, the azo dye congo red is considered the most utilised in industries, representing 70% of total dyes produced per year. In recent years, several microorganisms have been investigated for decolourization of dyes, and its effectiveness depends on the adaptability and the selectivity of the microorganisms. (Jadhav et al., 2009).
Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H2 and O2 using Pd and Au catalysts

The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H2 and O2 using a range of supported metal catalysts is described and discussed. A detailed study of the factors influencing the formation and decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is presented for a Pd/sulfonated carbon catalyst in a methanol/water solvent. The use of low temperatures (1–2 °C) and short reaction (residence) time are identified as the key factors that favour high selectivity to hydrogen peroxide. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, mainly via further hydrogenation, prevents the formation of high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Combustion of hydrogen to water is a competing reaction that becomes significant at higher temperatures, but this can be partially inhibited by the addition of HBr. A second set of supported Pd and Au catalysts are evaluated for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide using supercritical CO2 as a solvent. The use of supercritical CO2 is shown to be beneficial when compared with hydrogen peroxide formation at a temperature just below the critical temperature for CO2. However, at the critical temperature of CO2 (31.1 °C), the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is rapid and only low rates of hydrogen peroxide formation are observed. At low temperature (2 °C) supported Au catalysts are shown to be very selective for the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. The rate of hydrogen peroxide synthesis is enhanced markedly when Pd is present with Au and a detailed scanning transmission electron microscopy study shows that the 2–9 nm metal nanoparticles present in this supported catalyst are a Au∶Pd alloy.
Methodological Aspects of Using Blast Furnace Slag for Wastewater Phosphorus Removal

Blast furnace (BF) slag is a by-product of steel plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate experimental methods to determine the phosphorus sorption capacity of BF slag. The handling of BF slag, before usage and clogging were also considered, as well as estimating the phosphorus retention capacity. Agitation and pilot-scale experiments were performed using both wastewater and phosphate solutions. This investigation showed that sorption capacities derived by wastewater experiments were considerably lower compared to those by phosphate solutions. Fresh BF slag briefly exposed to rainfall had a higher phosphorus sorption than weathered BF slag, indicating the importance of handling the slag carefully before usage. The risk for leakage of sulfuric compounds is considerable, especially during the initial operation phase of BF slag filters. Locations of BF slag filter beds for wastewater treatment must be carefully chosen from an environmental point of view.
DYNAMICAL COLLAPSE OF NONROTATING MAGNETIC MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES: EVOLUTION THROUGH POINT-MASS FORMATION

We present a numerical simulation of the dynamical collapse of a nonrotating, magnetic molecular cloud core and follow the coreIs evolution through the formation of a central point mass and its sub- sequent growth into a protostar. The epoch of point-mass formation (PMF) is investigated by a 1 M _ self-consistent extension of previously presented models of core formation and contraction in axisym- metric, self-gravitating, isothermal, magnetically supported interstellar molecular clouds. Prior to PMF, the core is dynamically contracting and is not well approximated by a quasi-static equilibrium model. Ambipolar di†usion, which plays a key role in the early evolution of the core, is unimportant during the dynamical pre-PMF collapse phase. However, the appearance of a central mass, through its e†ect on the gravitational -eld in the inner core regions, leads to a "" revitalization II of ambipolar di†usion in the weakly ionized gas surrounding the central protostar. This process is so efficient that it leads to a decoupling of the -eld from the matter and results in an outward-propagating hydromagnetic C-type shock. The existence of an ambipolar di†usion-mediated shock of this type was predicted by Li & McKee, and we -nd that the basic shock structure given by their analytic model is well reproduced by our more accurate numerical results. Our calculation also demonstrates that ambipolar di†usion, rather than Ohmic di†usivity operating in the innermost core region, is the main -eld-decoupling mechanism responsible for driving the shock after PMF. The passage of the shock leads to a substantial redistri- bution, by ambipolar di†usion but possibly also by magnetic interchange, of the mass contained within the magnetic Nux tubes in the inner core. In particular, ambipolar di†usion reduces the Nux initially threading a collapsing D1 core by a factor by the time this mass accumulates within the M _ Z103 inner radius (^7.3 AU) of our computational grid. This reduction, which occurs primarily during the post-PMF phase of the collapse, represents a signi-cant step toward the resolution of the protostellar magnetic Nux problem. Our calculations indicate that a protostar forms in D1.5 ) 105 yr for 1 M _ typical cloud parameters. The mass-accretion rate is time dependent, in part because of the C-shock that decelerates the infalling matter as it propagates outward: the accretion rate rises to