Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urine Biomarkers in the Management of Adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: A Systematic Review

Background: Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction requires lifelong surveillance and management for the perseveration of patients’ quality of life and the prevention of significant morbidity and mortality. Urine biomarkers are an attractive noninvasive method of surveillance for these patients. The aim of this systematic review is to search for and critically appraise studies that investigate the clinical usefulness of urine biomarkers in the management of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in adults. Methods: This review was conducted according to PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Search strategy included PubMed, CENTRAL, and Scopus (until October 2022). Studies investigating potential urine biomarkers for the management of adults with NLUTD were included. Results: Fifteen studies fulfilled the criteria. To date, a variety of different urine molecules have been investigated for the diagnosis and management of neurogenic overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity (nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2α, transformation growth factor β-1, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2, substance P, microRNA), diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (exosomal vitronectin), urinary tract infection (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin 6) and bladder cancer screening (cytology, BTA stat, survivin) in neurological patients. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to specify the utility of each molecule in the management algorithm of adult NLUTD.
Numerical Simulation of Tip Leakage Flows in Axial Flow Turbines, With Emphasis on Flow Physics: Part II—Effect of Outer Casing Relative Motion

A pressure-correction based, 3D Navier-Stokes CFD code was used to simulate the effects of turbine parameters on the tip leakage flow and vortex in a linear turbine cascade to understand the detailed flow physics. A baseline case simulation of a cascade was first conducted in order to validate the numerical procedure with experimental measurements. The effects of realistic tip clearance spacing, inlet conditions, and relative endwall motion were then sequentially simulated, while maintaining previously modified parameters. With each additional simulation, a detailed comparison of the leakage flow's direction, pressure gradient, and mass flow, as well as the leakage vortex and its roll-up, size, losses, location, and interaction with other flow features, was conducted. Part II of this two-part paper series focuses on the effect of relative motion of the outer casing on the leakage flow and vortex development. Casing relative motion results in less mass flow through the gap and a smaller leakage vortex. The structure of the aerothermal losses in the passage change dramatically when the outer casing motion was incorporated, but the total losses in the passage remained very similar, Additional secondary flows that are seen near the casing are also discussed.
Association of Perceived Neighbourhood Walkability with Self-Reported Physical Activity and Body Mass Index in South African Adolescents

Adolescence is a life stage critical to the establishment of healthy behaviours, including physical activity (PA). Factors associated with the built environment have been shown to impact PA across the life course. We examined the sociodemographic differences in, and associations between, perceived neighbourhood walkability, PA, and body mass index (BMI) in South African adolescents. We recruited a convenience sample (n = 143; 13–18 years; 65% female) of students from three high schools (middle/high and low-income areas). Participants completed a PA questionnaire and the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS)-Africa and anthropometry measurements. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine various relationships. We found that, compared with adolescents living in middle/high income neighbourhoods, those living in low-income neighbourhoods had lower perceived walkability and PA with higher BMI percentiles. The associations between neighbourhood walkability and PA were inconsistent. In the adjusted models, land use diversity and personal safety were associated with club sports participation, street connectivity was positively associated with school sports PA, and more favourable perceived walkability was negatively associated with active transport. Overall, our findings suggest that the perceived walkability of lower income neighbourhoods is worse in comparison with higher income neighbourhoods, though the association with PA and BMI is unclear.
Mixing and isosurface geometry in turbulent transverse jets

Mixing and the geometry of jet-fluid-concentration level sets in turbulent transverse jets were experimentally studied. Jet-fluid concentration fields were measured with laser-induced fluorescence and digital imaging techniques for Reynolds numbers between 1000 and 20000. The scalar field is assessed in terms of classical measures, such as two-dimensional power spectra, as well as probability-density functions (PDFs). Enhanced scalar mixing with increasing Reynolds number is found in the evolution of PDFs of jet-fluid concentration. In the far field of the transverse jet, the scalar PDF is seen to evolve from a monotonically-decreasing function to a strongly-peaked distribution with increasing Reynolds number. Turbulent mixing is found to be flow dependent, based on differences between PDFs of scalar fields in transverse jets and axisymmetric, turbulent jets. The distribution of scalar increments is also studied for separations of varying distance and direction. A novel technique for whole-field measurement of scalar increments is introduced. Probability-density functions of scalar increments are found to trend toward exponential-tailed distributions with decreasing separation distances. The scalar field is anisotropic with decreasing scale, as seen in the two-dimensional power spectra, directional scalar microscales, and in directional PDFs of scalar increments. The geometric complexity of level-sets (iso-concentration contours) in turbulent mixing is assessed within the framework of fractal geometry. Generalized coverage statistics are introduced for anisotropic, non-self-similar geometries. This generalized coverage counting involves covering with parallelepipeds of varying size and aspect ratio. A scale-dependent measure of the anisotropy of a set is also introduced. It is shown that this scale-dependent measure transforms the generalized coverage count to isotropy through a scale-dependent normalization of the coordinates. Level sets of jet-fluid concentration in the transverse jet are found to be anisotropic at both large and small scales. The small-scale anisotropy is explained by vertically-oriented extensional strain caused by a counter-rotating vortex pair, while the large-scale anisotropy is associated with the horizontally-elongated shape of the cross-section of the transverse jet. For the special case of isotropic box-counting, the scale-dependent coverage dimension is found to vary from unity, at the smallest length scales, to 2, at the largest length scales, indicating that the isosurfaces produced by turbulent mixing are more complex than can be described by power-law fractals
The Development and Validation of the Antisocial Preferences Scale

The aim of this study was to create a new instrument measuring antisocial preferences based on the Theory of Social Derailment of Czesław Czapów, who indicated the role of antisocial preferences in predicting antisocial behavior. The measures used were the Antisocial Preferences Scale (APS), BPAQ, Mach-IV, and IVE questionnaires. The participants were 718 prisoners. CFA techniques were used to investigate the construct validity of the Antisocial Preferences Scale. Four alternative models of the APS were specified and tested, namely: one-factor, second-order, multi-factor, and bi-factor. CFA analyses revealed that the best-fitting model was the bifactor. This conceptualization contains seven subscales, namely: aggressiveness, lack of guilt or remorse, breaking legal norms, incapacity for mutually intimate relationships, impulsiveness, risk-taking, and egocentrism.
A diffusion model for velocity gradients in turbulence

In this paper a stochastic model for velocity gradients following fluid particles in incompressible, homogeneous, and isotropic turbulence is presented and demonstrated. The model is constructed so that the velocity gradients satisfy the incompressibility and isotropy requirements exactly. It is further constrained to yield the first few moments of the velocity gradient distribution similar to those computed from full turbulence simulations (FTS) data. The performance of the model is then compared with other computations from FTS data. The model gives good agreement of one‐time statistics. While the two‐time statistics of strain rate are well replicated, the two‐time vorticity statistics are not as good, reflecting perhaps a certain lack of embodiment of physics in the model. The performance of the model when used to compute material element deformation is qualitatively good, with the material line‐element growth rate being correct to within 5% and that of surface element correct to within 20% for the low.
Adherence to Acromegaly Treatment and Analysis of the Related Factors—A Real-World Study in Bulgaria

The purpose was to assess the level of medication adherence (MA) and related factors among individuals with acromegaly. The secondary goal was to assess the quality of life of patients and whether and how it correlates with the level of adherence. A prospective one-year study was conducted among patients with acromegaly diagnosed, treated, and monitored in the reference center for rare endocrine diseases in Bulgaria in 2021. Clinical data, patients reported outcomes, and health economics data were collected to define the predictors of non-adherence to medicines. Medication adherence level was assessed through a free Morisky–Green 4-item questionnaire. A total of 179 patients with acromegaly were observed. Approximately 62% were female, 50% were between 41 and 60 years, and the mean age at diagnosis was 40.4 years. The response rate to the questionnaires was 53% (n = 95; mean age 53.5 years, 73% female and 26% male). Patients with high levels of MA reported higher median values for the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) in comparison with those with low levels: 65.5 vs. 48.5 (p = 0.017). Similar results for EQ-5D-3L (3-level EuroQol 5D version) values and the level of MA were found: 0.656 vs. 0.796 (p = 0.0123). A low level of adherence was revealed in 34.7% of the patients, with no difference among different age groups. A significant positive determinant for adherence was years lived with acromegaly (OR = 5.625, 95% CI 1.7401–18.1832, p = 0.0039), as shorter duration was related to higher odds for high level of adherence. The current study demonstrates the importance of MA assessment for patients with acromegaly in Bulgaria. The medication adherence to the prescribed therapy among the observed group of patients with acromegaly varied as the percentage of adherent patients was around 65%. Still, there are low-adherent patients, and the responsible factors should be further investigated.
Elastic Thermobarometry

Upon exhumation and cooling, contrasting compressibilities and thermal expansivities induce differential strains (volume mismatches) between a host crystal and its inclusions. These strains can be quantified in situ using Raman spectroscopy or X-ray diffraction. Knowing equations of state and elastic properties of minerals, elastic thermobarometry inverts measured strains to calculate the pressure-temperature conditions under which the stress state was uniform in the host and inclusion. These are commonly interpreted to represent the conditions of inclusion entrapment. Modeling and experiments quantify corrections for inclusion shape, proximity to surfaces, and (most importantly) crystal-axis anisotropy, and they permit accurate application of the more common elastic thermobarometers. New research is exploring the conditions of crystal growth, reaction overstepping, and the magnitudes of differential stresses, as well as inelastic resetting of inclusion and host strain, and potential new thermobarometers for lower-symmetry minerals. ▪ A physics-based method is revolutionizing calculations of metamorphic pressures and temperatures. ▪ Inclusion shape, crystal anisotropy, and proximity to boundaries affect calculations but can be corrected for. ▪ New results are leading petrologists to reconsider pressure-temperature conditions, differential stresses, and thermodynamic equilibrium. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Volume 51 is May 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Metabolic and Body Composition Changes in Ice Hockey Players Using an Ergogenic Drug (Cytoflavin)

Simple Summary Performance in sports is determined by technical, tactical, psychological, and social factors and physiological characteristics of an athlete. Hockey players’ anthropometric indicators such as the ideal level of muscle mass and body fat of athletes correlate with their performance. In team sports, the use of ergogenic drugs for recovery is relevant to avoid athletes’ overtraining. The aim of the work was to assess the effect of Cytoflavin consumption on body composition and aerobic performance in professional ice hockey players. The results of the study showed that Cytoflavin exerts a positive effect on performance parameters. Our research can contribute to changing the approach to improving and maintaining the effectiveness of sports training and achieving maximum per-formance in physical activity. Abstract Background and objectives: In ice hockey, the major physical workload comes from acceleration in all planes of motion and transitions between skating trajectories. Hockey players’ anthropometric characteristics correlate with performance. In team sports, the use of ergogenic drugs for recovery is relevant to avoid athletes’ overtraining. It is very important to protect athletes’ health and allow them to maintain high-performance levels. Cytoflavin is an ergogenic drug whose action is based on the combined effects of its active ingredients (succinic acid, inosine, nicotinamide and riboflavin), which are naturally occurring metabolites that stimulate tissue respiration. The study aimed to assess the 6-week Cytoflavin consumption effects on body composition (body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and bioimpedance phase angle) and aerobic performance. Methods: This study included 60 male professional hockey players (aged 19 to 36 years) divided into two groups of 30 subjects: group I (body weight 87.90 ± 7.44 kg, BMI 25.86 ± 2.04 kg/m2) and group II (body weight 87.04 ± 6.22 kg, BMI 25.52 ± 2.38 kg/m2). Athletes in group I received Cytoflavin, whereas athletes in group II did not. Results: In group I, statistically significant reductions in body weight and body mass index were not observed until 14 and 35 days, respectively. In contrast, in group II, both body weight and BMI significantly decreased both times. Aerobic performance significantly increased in both groups, with significantly greater increases in group I. Conclusions: Cytoflavin can be considered an ergogenic drug that improves body composition parameters, especially in the control of weight reduction and improvement in aerobic performance.
Convergence of Vector Quantizers with Applications to Optimal Quantization

Suppose that a sequence of probability distribution functions $\{ F_n \} $ converges weakly to a distribution function F. Does the sequence of optimal quantizers for the $F_n $’s converge to an optimal quantizer for F? If so, do the respective distortions converge to the optimal distortion for F? Sufficient conditions are given to guarantee the convergence for both scalar and vector quantizers with a general class of distortion measures. These results are used to prove the existence of minimum rth power distortion vector quantizers and the convergence of a proposed algorithm for constructing optimal quantizers.
Global optimization of nonlinear fractional programming problems in engineering design

This study proposes a novel method to solve nonlinear fractional programming (NFP) problems occurring frequently in engineering design and management. Fractional terms composed of signomial functions are first decomposed into convex and concave terms by convexification strategies. Then the piecewise linearization technique is used to approximate the concave terms. The NFP program is then converted into a convex program. A global optimum of the fractional program can finally be found within a tolerable error. When compared with most of the current fractional programming methods, which can only treat a problem with linear functions or a single quotient term, the proposed method can solve a more general fractional programming program with nonlinear functions and multiple quotient terms. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method.
Plume dynamics in natural convection in a horizontal cylindrical annulus

Measurements of the unsteady temperature fluctuations in the plume region between differentially heated horizontal concentric cylinders are reported. In particular, power spectral density estimates of the temperature fluctuations within the plume show the development and breakdown of the oscillatory plume structure at high Rayleigh number, Ra d , by two relatively independent processes: (I) the development of harmonic oscillations related to the dominant plume oscillation frequency, and (2) interactions between the oscillating plume and the adjacent relatively stagnant core flow (shear and entrainment). The harmonic oscillations are shown to be the dominant energy transfer mode at moderate Ra d (up to Ra d = 10 8 ), acting to disperse the plume energy without generating a broadband spectrum. The spectral density estimates show that while a distinct plume oscillation is still present near the inner cylinder at Ra d = 10 9 , the plume becomes increasingly turbulent as the outer cylinder is approached
Relationship Between Healthy Eating Fixation (Orthorexia) and Past Family Life, and Eating Attitudes in Young Adults

ABSTRACT Background In comparison to other eating problems, there is less information on healthy eating fixation (HEF) in the literature. Purpose Understanding the effects of previous family experiences, which have a multidimensional impact on the individual and on other eating disorders, is important to better comprehend the HEF. Methods The current study examined the relationships between HEF and previous family experiences as well as eating attitudes. It is a cross-sectional survey design with a convenience sample of 18–24-year-olds (n = 225) based on a quantitative analysis method. Results Except for “limited social activity,” a sub-factor significantly related to HEF, and “health and social problems,” a sub-factor significantly related to healthy orthorexia (HO), both HEF and HO did not significantly relate to past family life. The outcomes showed that the participants’ eating attitudes had a significant relationship with HEF (r = .57, p < .001) and HO (r = .23, p = .001). Discussion The findings suggest that people with HEF have disordered eating attitudes. Furthermore, practitioners should be aware that family factors may be a risk factor for orthorexia. Translations to Health Education Practice These results may help to educate and increase awareness among health educators and mental health professionals regarding the identification, treatment, and recovery of eating disorders and HEF.
A New Analysis of Variance Model for Non-additive Data

where nil is referred to as the interaction between rows and columns, and where 7ii , unlike eii, is no longer considered as just random error. However, a part of 77i may be just random error. Because of the presence of r,i , which, apart from its random error component, is a function of two variables, all advantage of the additive model will be lost, unless one can again partition the non-random portion of n7.i into functions of only one variable each. Obviously, an additive partitioning of 7ii is impossible since all additive parts have already
ISCCP Cloud Data Products

The operational data collection phase of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) began in July 1983. Since then, visible and infrared images from an international network of weather satellites have been routinely processed to produce a global cloud climatology. This report outlines the key steps in the data processing, describes the main features of the data products, and indicates how to obtain these data. We illustrate some early results of this analysis.
Training Conditions and Psychological Health: Eating Behavior Disorders in Spanish High-Performance Women’s Olympic Wrestling Athletes—A Qualitative Study

(1) Background: the aim of this study was to determine the factors that affect the occurrence of behaviors related to possible eating disorders in Spanish high-performance Olympic wrestling athletes. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of 22 elite female wrestlers selected through purposive sampling with inclusion criteria of (i) having been a national champion, (ii) having been part of the Spanish team, and (iii) suffering or having suffered from an eating disorder. The semistructured interviews were conducted online and lasted between 20 and 40 min. A statistical analysis was performed with NVivo10 software. (3) Results: the athletes showed a series of issues grouped into three main themes, which were divided into the following categories—firstly, the reasons why wrestlers lose weight; secondly, the inadequate procedures they use; and, finally, the reference persons involved in the process. (4) Conclusions: The training conditions in high-performance sports have psychological and behavioral effects on wrestlers. Wrestlers have to move down to lower categories; however, they do not take into account how this practice influences their health when using inadequate procedures. Rapid and significant weight loss produces negative effects, especially in the female population, generating an incidence of eating disorders. The information obtained provided elements of interest for reflection on possible solutions to prevent existing eating disorders.
A Bias-Adjusted LM Test of Error Cross-Section Independence

This paper proposes a bias-adjusted version of Breusch and Pagan (1980) Lagrange multiplier (LM) test statistic of error cross-section independence, in the case of panel models with strictly exogenous regressors and normal errors. The exact mean and variance of the test indicator of the LM test statistic are provided for the purpose of the bias-adjustments. It is shown that the centring of the LM statistic is correct for fixed T and N. Importantly, the proposed bias-adjusted LM test is consistent even when the Pesaran's (2004) CD test is inconsistent. Also an alternative bias-adjusted LM test, which is consistent under local error cross-section dependence of any fixed order p, is proposed. The finite sample behaviour of the proposed tests is investigated and compared to that of the LM and CD tests. It is shown that the bias-adjusted LM tests successfully control the size, maintaining satisfactory power in panel with exogenous regressors and normal errors. However, it is also shown that the bias-adjusted LM test is not as robust as the CD test to non-normal errors andsor in the presence of weakly exogenous regressors. Copyright Royal Economic Society 2007