Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Preoperative Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c Level and Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery

Background Perioperative blood glucose level has shown an association with postoperative outcomes. We compared the incidences of myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) and 30‐day mortality, according to preoperative blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Methods and Results The patients were divided according to blood glucose level within 1 day before surgery. The hyperglycemia group was defined with fasting glucose >140 mg/dL or random glucose >180 mg/dL. In addition, we compared the outcomes according to HbA1c >6.5% among patients with available HbA1c within 3 months before surgery. The primary outcome was MINS, and 30‐day mortality was also compared. A total of 12 304 patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: 8324 (67.7%) in the normal group and 3980 (32.3%) in the hyperglycemia group. After adjustment with inverse probability of weighting, the hyperglycemia group exhibited significantly higher incidences of MINS and 30‐day mortality (18.7% versus 27.6%; odds ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.18–1.42; P<0.001; and 2.0% versus 5.1%; hazard ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.61–2.49; P<0.001, respectively). In contrast to blood glucose, HbA1c was not associated with MINS or 30‐day mortality. Conclusions Preoperative hyperglycemia was associated with MINS and 30‐day mortality, whereas HbA1c was not. Immediate glucose control may be more crucial than long‐term glucose control in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Registration URL: https://www.cris. nih.go. kr; Unique identifier: KCT0004244.
Real-world experience of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays in UK healthcare workers.

BACKGROUND The seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers is variable throughout the world. This study compares the use of two antibody assays among large cohorts of healthcare workers in southern England. METHODS This cohort study includes data obtained from staff at Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (WSHT) and Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals (BSUH) during voluntary antibody testing, using Abbott and Roche SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays at each Trust respectively. RESULTS The observed seroprevalence level was 7.9% for the WSHT/Abbott cohort versus 13% for the BSUH/Roche cohort. Based on a previous positive PCR, we find that the false-negative rate of the Abbott and Roche assays were 60.2% and 19% respectively, implying sensitivity levels of 39.8% and 81%. Within these cohorts, seropositivity was most strongly associated with those of South Asian ethnicity, allied health professionals and male sex (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In this real-world study, neither antibody test performed to the specification level stated by the manufacturer. More rigorous testing of these and other assays in target populations is recommended prior to widespread usage if they are to provide data that might be useful to control the pandemic.
Influence of Impingement Temperature and Nozzle Geometry on Heat Transfer—Experimental and Theoretical Analysis

Abstract Based on the earlier studies the most common empirical correlations in the literature predict the impingement heat transfer coefficients rather well at low (close to 100°C) temperatures, but get inaccurate at higher temperatures. Impingement temperatures used in paper drying applications are typically 300 to 700°C, and there has been a need to improve the existing heat transfer correlations at high temperature area. This study presents experimental results of impingement heat transfer measurements with a laboratory-scale heat transfer test rig. Five nozzle configurations were measured. The parameters varied in the investigation were nozzle-to-plate distance, nozzle open area, nozzle diameter, impingement velocity and impingement air temperature. Regression model of heat transfer was developed based on the measurement data. A correction factor including the impingement and heat receiving surface temperatures is proposed. The correction factor can be used to improve the existing correlations at large jet to heat receiving surface temperature differences.
A VLA Census of the Galactic H II Region Population

The Milky Way contains thousands of H ii region candidates identified by their characteristic mid-infrared morphology, but lacking detections of ionized gas tracers such as radio continuum or radio recombination line emission. These targets thus remain unconfirmed as H ii regions. With only ∼2500 confirmed H ii regions in the Milky Way, Galactic surveys are deficient by several thousand nebulae when compared to external galaxies with similar star formation rates. Using sensitive 9 GHz radio continuum observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, we explore a sample of H ii region candidates in order to set observational limits on the actual total population of Galactic H ii regions. We target all infrared–identified “radio-quiet” sources from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Catalog of Galactic H ii regions between 245° ≥ ℓ ≥ 90° with infrared diameters less than 80′′. We detect radio continuum emission from 50% of the targeted H ii region candidates, providing strong evidence that most of the radio-quiet candidates are bona fide H ii regions. We measure the peak and integrated radio flux densities and compare the inferred Lyman continuum fluxes using models of OB stars. We conclude that stars of approximately spectral type B2 and earlier are able to create H ii regions with similar infrared and radio continuum morphologies as the more luminous H ii regions created by O stars. From our 50% detection rate of “radio-quiet” sources, we set a lower limit of ∼7000 for the H ii region population of the Galaxy. Thus the vast majority of the Milky Way’s H ii regions remain to be discovered.
Pediatric tri-tube valved conduits made from fibroblast-produced extracellular matrix evaluated over 52 weeks in growing lambs

A pulmonary replacement valve made from three tubes of cell-derived matrix functioned for 52 weeks in lambs and calcified less than commercial valves. Evaluating engineered valves Particularly for pediatric patients, replacement heart valves that can grow with the patient would substantially reduce surgical burden. Syedain et al. designed acellular conduits for pulmonary valve replacement by suturing together three tubes of cell-derived extracellular matrix. The valves maintained their function for 52 weeks when implanted in the pulmonary arteries of lambs, and adding an additional tubular sleeve around the tri-tube valve improved the valve design and reduced regurgitation at explantation. Valves became recellularized and increased in diameter over time while showing reduced calcification compared to clinically used bioprosthetic valves, supporting the potential utility of these conduits in pediatric populations. There is a need for replacement heart valves that can grow with children. We fabricated tubes of fibroblast-derived collagenous matrix that have been shown to regenerate and grow as a pulmonary artery replacement in lambs and implemented a design for a valved conduit consisting of three tubes sewn together. Seven lambs were implanted with tri-tube valved conduits in sequential cohorts and compared to bioprosthetic conduits. Valves implanted into the pulmonary artery of two lambs of the first cohort of four animals functioned with mild regurgitation and systolic pressure drops <10 mmHg up to 52 weeks after implantation, during which the valve diameter increased from 19 mm to a physiologically normal ~25 mm. In a second cohort, the valve design was modified to include an additional tube, creating a sleeve around the tri-tube valve to counteract faster root growth relative to the leaflets. Two valves exhibited trivial-to-mild regurgitation at 52 weeks with similar diameter increases to ~25 mm and systolic pressure drops of <5 mmHg, whereas the third valve showed similar findings until moderate regurgitation was observed at 52 weeks, correlating to hyperincrease in the valve diameter. In all explanted valves, the leaflets contained interstitial cells and an endothelium progressing from the base of the leaflets and remained thin and pliable with sparse, punctate microcalcifications. The tri-tube valves demonstrated reduced calcification and improved hemodynamic function compared to clinically used pediatric bioprosthetic valves tested in the same model. This tri-tube valved conduit has potential for long-term valve growth in children.
Exploring the Effects of Contextualized Problem Descriptions on Problem Solving

Prior research has reported conflicting results on whether the presence of a contextualized narrative in a problem statement is a help or a hindrance to students when solving problems. On the one hand, results from psychology and mathematics seem to show that contextualized problems can be easier for students. On the other, a recent ITiCSE working group exploring the “problem description effect” found no such benefits for novice programmers. In this work, we study the effects of contextualized problems on problem-solving in an introductory programming course. Students were divided into three groups. Each group was given two different programming problems, involving linear equations, to solve. In the first group both problem statements used the same context while in the second group the context was switched. The third group was given problems that were mathematically similar to the other two groups, but which lacked any contextualized narrative. Contrary to earlier findings in introductory programming, our results show that context does have an effect on student performance. Interestingly depending on the problem, context either helped or was unhelpful to students. We hypothesize that these results are explained by a lack of familiarity with the context when the context was unhelpful, and by poor mathematical skills when the context was helpful. These findings contribute to our understanding of how contextualized problem statements affect novice programmers and their problem solving.
The Impact of Multiple Choice Question Design on Predictions of Performance

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are a popular question format in introductory programming courses as they are a convenient means to provide scalable assessments. However, with typically only four or five answer options and a single correct answer, MCQs are prone to guessing and may lead students into a false sense of confidence. One approach to mitigate this problem is the use of Multiple-Answer MCQs (MAMCQs), where more than one answer option may be correct. This provides a larger solution space and may help students form more accurate assessments of their knowledge. We explore the use of this question format on an exam in a very large introductory programming course. The exam consisted of both MCQ and MAMCQ sections, and students were invited to predict their scores for each section. In addition, students were asked to report their preference for question format. We found that students over predicted their score on the MCQ section to a greater extent and that these prediction errors were more pronounced amongst less capable students. Interestingly, we found that students did not have a strong preference for MCQs over MAMCQs, and we recommend broader adoption of the latter format.
Is this Degree for Me?Exploring computing students’ study decisions

Academic course advice for computing students has changed and presents new challenges. It has become more complex due to an increasing number of specialised study pathways, and less personal as centralised enrolment systems have taken the place of academic advisors. To improve course advice practices for students in computing disciplines at our university, a series of interviews and an online questionnaire were conducted. We asked students where they seek information before and during their studies, what kind of information they value, and how confident they are with their study choices. We found that half of our students changed study subjects along the way and that students would like to have a higher-level view of career pathways to plan their studies. It was also highlighted that students value information provided by other students and that they prefer talking to academic staff members in person over online information. As a result of this study, we share recommendations on how to support students better when making decisions about their study subjects.
Lecture Recordings, Viewing Habits, and Performance in an Introductory Programming Course

Lecture recordings are a common and useful resource for students due to the flexibility they provide. Recent rapid shifts to online modes of teaching have made recorded lectures especially valuable as many students rely on them to access course content. As a result, there is a pressing need to understand how students consume lecture content via recordings and what patterns of access are effective. In this research, we investigate the common lecture recording viewing behaviors of students and the relationship between lecture recording viewing and academic performance in a first-year programming course. Several trends were observed. A significant positive correlation between lecture recording views and final grades was identified. Students who repeated the course after failing it once, achieved, on average, higher grades if they had more lecture recording views in their second attempt. A small number of students engaged in habitual “binge-watching” behavior and those students had lower grades, on average, than students who watched more regularly. This was a particular problem for repeating students, attempting the course a second time, who failed the course at twice the rate if they engaged in habitual binge-watching. Although lecture recordings appear to be a helpful learning resource for students in introductory programming courses, this work suggests that binge-watching is an unproductive study strategy that should be discouraged.
Improving Student Peer Code Review Using Gamification

Peer code review has been shown to have several benefits for students, including the development of both technical skills and soft skills. However, a lack of motivation has been identified as one of the barriers to successful peer code review in programming courses. Low motivation may result in students avoiding or delaying their peer review tasks, reducing the potential benefits. In this study, gamification is used to overcome this barrier. We focus on motivating two behaviors: increasing the number of reviews submitted by students, and encouraging students to submit those reviews early. We conduct a randomized controlled study (N = 178) that compares the behavior of a control group engaged in peer code review using an online tool, with a gamification group that uses a modified version of the tool that includes targeted game elements. The results show a statistically significant difference in the number of submitted reviews between the control and gamification groups. Furthermore, the majority of students in the gamification group report that the game elements motivate them. Based on our findings, the game elements and game mechanics seem to be a promising method to motivate students in online peer code review activities.
Experiences with a Serious Game Introducing Basic Knowledge About Renewable Energy Technologies: A Practical Implementation in a German Secondary School

In this article, we describe a practical implementation of a serious game to facilitate knowledge acquisition about renewable energy technologies among youngsters, using the game Serena Supergreen and the Broken Blade. We present the quest design and an evaluation study on the research questions: (a) Did youngsters who played the game have more knowledge about renewable energy technologies compared to those who did not play the game? (b) How did students perceive the game? (c) What did the students recall from the game 11 months after playing it? The study was conducted at a German secondary school (n = 82). Youngsters who played the game had more knowledge on renewable energy technologies compared to the control group (n = 31). In a second round of data collection, 11 months after playing, a majority of students still remembered the game quests. Our results indicate that serious games are a promising approach for introducing basic knowledge about renewable energy technologies.
Executives’ Decision Processes at the Front End of Major Projects: The Role of Context and Experience in Value Creation

The front end of projects is strategically important; yet, how project concepts are identified, evaluated, and selected at the pre-project stage is poorly understood. This article reports on an inductive multiple-case study of how executives made such decisions in major upstream oil and gas projects. The findings show that in such a high-risk context, often an experienced executive makes these decisions alone and he creates value by facilitating growth. We identified three value-creating decision processes that varied by the executives’ risk approach and decision context. These processes depart from the formal project management prescriptions and the strategic decision-making literature.
Personality Traits and Social Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Desirability and Perceived Feasibility

This study aimed to investigate the effect of personality traits on social entrepreneurial intention by extending Mair and Noboa’s (2006) model. Data were collected from a sample survey of 503 individuals. The four-step method suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986) was followed to test the mediational roles of perceived desirability and perceived feasibility in the relationship between six personality traits (need for achievement, risk-taking propensity, innovativeness, proactiveness, empathy and moral obligations) and social entrepreneurial intention. The results showed that the two mediators fully mediated the effects of proactiveness on social entrepreneurial intention, whereas both the mediators were found partially mediating the impact of moral obligation on social entrepreneurial intention. In addition, only perceived feasibility fully mediated the effects of innovativeness on social entrepreneurial intention and partially mediated the effects of empathy. These research results are expected to trigger a change in social entrepreneurship education by cultivating personality traits towards sustainable development. This study’s originality lies in its exploration of potential social entrepreneurs’ personality traits as a combination of general entrepreneurial and social entrepreneurial traits.
Dynamic Appraisal of Intimate Partner Violence Risk and Need: Results From an Outpatient Treatment Program

This study examined the psychometric, predictive, and dynamic properties of intimate partner violence (IPV) risk. The sample consisted of 88 men attending an outpatient IPV correctional program. The Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment (ODARA) was rated at pretreatment using participant files. The Spousal Assault Risk Assessment–Version 3 (SARA-V3) was rated at pre- and posttreatment using collateral information (e.g., facilitator ratings, files) and participant questionnaires. Recidivism data were obtained from a court database with an average follow-up of 15 months. The SARA-V3 and ODARA demonstrated strong convergent validity and predicted violent and general recidivism with moderate to high accuracy; SARA-V3 posttreatment ratings incremented the ODARA in the prediction of recidivism, yet not vice versa. Noncompleters were higher risk and had higher recidivism rates. Changes on the SARA-V3’s Perpetrator Risk Factors domain were significantly associated with decreased recidivism in bivariate analyses and some change associations remained significant with stringent controls for risk. Implications for risk assessment/management, service planning, and future research are discussed.
Kainga (families) experiences of a Tongan-Indigenous faith-based violence-prevention programme

Christianity is an embedded value system within Pacific cultures that is now being employed to inform efforts to address social issues such as family violence. This article chronicles a Tongan woman’s cultural immersion with 49 Tongan church kainga (families) who participated in the Tongan faith-based Kainga Tu’umalie (Prosperous families) family violence programme. Talanoa (Pacific-Indigenous way of engaging families in research) with three kainga is drawn upon to highlight the impact of the programme in re-awakening the need to rebuild positive familial relationships based on core Tongan Christian values. More broadly, accounts from the kainga foreground the importance of interweaving spiritual faith and Indigenous knowledge in efforts to address family violence. This research also speaks to the importance of leveraging collaborative partnerships between community-based agencies and faith-based communities in addressing social issues.
Meta-Analyses as a Multi-Level Model

Meta-analyses are well known and widely implemented in almost every domain of research in management as well as the social, medical, and behavioral sciences. While this technique is useful for determining validity coefficients (i.e., effect sizes), meta-analyses are predicated on the assumption of independence of primary effect sizes, which might be routinely violated in the organizational sciences. Here, we discuss the implications of violating the independence assumption and demonstrate how meta-analysis could be cast as a multilevel, variance known (Vknown) model to account for such dependency in primary studies’ effect sizes. We illustrate such techniques for meta-analytic data via the HLM 7.0 software as it remains the most widely used multilevel analyses software in management. In so doing, we draw on examples in educational psychology (where such techniques were first developed), organizational sciences, and a Monte Carlo simulation (Appendix). We conclude with a discussion of implications, caveats, and future extensions. Our Appendix details features of a newly developed application that is free (based on R), user-friendly, and provides an alternative to the HLM program.