Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inférence statistique dans un modèle à variances isolées de grande dimension

Cette these s'interesse a l'estimation statistique dans un modele a variances isolees (modele spike) de grande dimension. La theorie des matrices aleatoires permet de prendre en compte cette specificite, puisque la plupart des resultats limites s'appliquent aux matrices dont la taille tend vers l'infini. Une part importante de ces resultats concerne la matrice de covariance empirique. Dans un premier temps, nous nous interessons a l'estimation du nombre de facteurs/spikes. La difference de comportement des valeurs propres de la matrice de covariance empirique, selon que l'on considere celles correspondant aux spikes ou non, nous permet de construire un estimateur. Ce dernier correspond a la difference de deux valeurs propres consecutives ordonnees. Nous etablissons la consistance de l'estimateur dans le cas ou toutes les spikes sont distinctes, et le comparons a deux methodes existantes a travers des simulations. L'estimateur depend d'un seuil qui doit remplir certaines conditions. Dans la suite, nous etendons le resultat de consistance au cas d'egalite et ameliorons l'estimateur en changeant de seuil. Dans un second temps, nous considerons les estimateurs du maximum de vraisemblance d'un modele a facteurs strict a variance homoscedastique. En utilisant un theoreme limite pour les statistiques spectrales lineaires, nous corrigeons l'estimateur de la variance commune en grande dimension en donnant l'expression de son biais et en etablissant sa loi limite. Nous presentons une version corrigee du test du rapport de vraisemblance d'adequation a un modele a facteurs. Finalement, nous construisons un test d'egalite de deux spikes.
Dynamics of Carroll particles

We investigate particles whose dynamics are invariant under the Carroll group. Although a single, free such Carroll particle has no non-trivial dynamics (the Carroll particle does not move), we show that non-trivial dynamics exists for a set of interacting Carroll particles. Furthermore, we gauge the Carroll algebra and couple the Carroll particle to these gauge fields. It turns out that for such a coupled system, even a single Carroll particle can have non-trivial dynamics.
CAR Therapy for T-cell Malignancies

The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy has been revolutionary in the treatment of hematological malignancies [1]. Remarkable success has been achieved in the clinical treatment of B-cell malignancies through the use of CD19 CARs [2-7]. However, translation of CAR therapy for T-cell malignancies has been more difficult for several reasons. As the CAR cells predominantly used are T cells, a CAR T cell manufactured to target malignant T cells using T-cell markers is at risk for fratricide. This would prevent the expansion of the CAR T cell population necessary for proper tumor eradication. Additionally, as both malignant and non-malignant express these T-cell markers, there is concern that a T-cell-directed CAR cell would lead to T-cell deficiency and subsequent opportunistic infections.
Symbol Diversity as a Means to Make PAM-4 Modulation More Resilient in Harsh Electromagnetic Environments

In this article, symbol diversity is presented for the pulse amplitude modulation PAM-4 encoding scheme. This technique is implemented in order to incorporate electromagnetic resilience in a triple modular redundant communication channel that is subjected to electromagnetic disturbances in reverberant environments. An in-depth numerical study is carried out in light of new electromagnetic disturbance condition monitoring definitions that provide a better insight into the actual state of the system. An explanation of the different fault mechanisms based on the new definitions is provided for the proposed PAM-4 symbol diversity setup and is compared with an undiverse PAM-4 system with a two-out-of-three majority voter. The results show that the proposed symbol diversity technique is quite an effective measure for incorporating fault tolerance in the system design.
The Balancing of Peroxynitrite Detoxification between Ferric Heme-Proteins and CO2: The Case of Zebrafish Nitrobindin

Nitrobindins (Nbs) are all-β-barrel heme proteins and are present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Although their function(s) is still obscure, Nbs trap NO and inactivate peroxynitrite. Here, the kinetics of peroxynitrite scavenging by ferric Danio rerio Nb (Dr-Nb(III)) in the absence and presence of CO2 is reported. The Dr-Nb(III)-catalyzed scavenging of peroxynitrite is facilitated by a low pH, indicating that the heme protein interacts preferentially with peroxynitrous acid, leading to the formation of nitrate (~91%) and nitrite (~9%). The physiological levels of CO2 dramatically facilitate the spontaneous decay of peroxynitrite, overwhelming the scavenging activity of Dr-Nb(III). The effect of Dr-Nb(III) on the peroxynitrite-induced nitration of L-tyrosine was also investigated. Dr-Nb(III) inhibits the peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of free L-tyrosine, while, in the presence of CO2, Dr-Nb(III) does not impair nitro-L-tyrosine formation. The comparative analysis of the present results with data reported in the literature indicates that, to act as efficient peroxynitrite scavengers in vivo, i.e., in the presence of physiological levels of CO2, the ferric heme protein concentration must be higher than 10−4 M. Thus, only the circulating ferric hemoglobin levels appear to be high enough to efficiently compete with CO2/HCO3− in peroxynitrite inactivation. The present results are of the utmost importance for tissues, like the eye retina in fish, where blood circulation is critical for adaptation to diving conditions.
Does uterine septum resection improve IVF treatment success?

Aim: Uterine septum is the most common type of congenital uterine malformation. The septum has also been suggested as a potential cause of infertility. The role of the septum in infertility and whether the septum can be resected is debatable. We aimed to reveal the results of assisted reproductive techniques in patients with septate uterus according to whether or not resection is performed. Material and Method: 7790 patients were scanned retrospectively. 110 patients with the uterine septum and unexplained infertility were included in the study. Patients who underwent uterine septum resection were recorded. The clinical pregnancies of patients were compared according to whether or not resection was performed. In addition, patients with complete septum were evaluated according to whether or not resection was performed, and their clinical pregnancies were evaluated. Results: It was revealed that 79 of the patients with uterine septum underwent septum resection operation. It was determined that 31 patients were not treated. Clinical pregnancy rates were found to be statistically significantly higher in the expectant management group (p=0.02). In addition, comparing the clinical pregnancy rates of the resection and expectant management groups in patients with a complete septum, no significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.134). Conclusion: In our study, the success of treatment with assisted reproductive techniques did not change after septum resection. Although uterine septum resection is a simple and safe method, it has disadvantages such as the development of adhesions and rupture in the uterus. There is insufficient evidence to perform septum resection in patients with uterine septum prior to infertility treatment.
Multiphase Project Risk Management on Food Factory Building Construction: Consultant Perspective

: This article reports research on a flour mill factory building construction in Indonesia by investigating the root cause of time overrun in consultant perspective. While numerous risks are identified during the phases of construction project, it is unknown which risk is the primary cause of project delays. To better understand the optimization of risk management and risk mitigation, a multiphase risk management is proposed, which is divided into 4 phases: pre-design, design, project bidding, and construction phase. As a result, employing the bow-tie analysis enables a more in-depth examination to identify the risk. From each bow-tie diagram, a detailed risk mitigation table can be formulated and easier to plan the response for each risk. Probability Impact Matrix also used to identify the risk score and evaluate the risk. This research begins by giving questionnaire to 45 qualified respondents. It was found that 45 factors that caused the delay in all phases were divided into 7 factors from the pre-design phase, 14 factors from the design phase, 6 factors from the tender phase and 16 factors from the construction phase. As the final step of risk management process, there are various responses in this research depends on their final assessment based on the score and questionnaire result. Factory building construction is quite different from other type of building construction because machine design also being an important part that affects the structural, architectural, mechanical and also electrical aspects.
Study of Carrier Mobilities in 4H-SiC MOSFETS Using Hall Analysis

The channel conduction in 4H-SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) are highly impacted by charge trapping and scattering at the interface. Even though nitridation reduces the interface trap density, scattering still plays a crucial role in increasing the channel resistance in these transistors. In this work, the dominant scattering mechanisms are distinguished for inversion layer electrons and holes using temperature and body-bias-dependent Hall measurements on nitrided lateral 4H-SiC MOSFETs. The effect of the transverse electric field (Eeff) on carrier mobility is analyzed under strong inversion condition where surface roughness scattering becomes prevalent. Power law dependencies of the electron and hole Hall mobility for surface roughness scattering are determined to be Eeff−1.8 and Eeff−2.4, respectively, analogous to those of silicon MOSFETs. Moreover, for n-channel MOSFETs, the effect of phonon scattering is observed at zero body bias, whereas in p-channel MOSFETs, it is observed only under negative body biases. Along with the identification of regimes governed by different scattering mechanisms, these results highlight the importance of the selection of substrate doping and of Eeff in controlling the value of channel mobility in 4H-SiC MOSFETs.
REDSHIFT 6.4 HOST GALAXIES OF 108 SOLAR MASS BLACK HOLES: LOW STAR FORMATION RATE AND DYNAMICAL MASS

We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of rest-frame far-infrared continuum and [C ii] line emission in two z = 6.4 quasars with black hole masses of ≈108 M☉. CFHQS J0210−0456 is detected in the continuum with a 1.2 mm flux of 120 ± 35 μJy, whereas CFHQS J2329−0301 is undetected at a similar noise level. J2329−0301 has a star formation rate limit of <40 M☉ yr−1, considerably below the typical value at all redshifts for this bolometric luminosity. Through comparison with hydro simulations, we speculate that this quasar is observed at a relatively rare phase where quasar feedback has effectively shut down star formation in the host galaxy. [C ii] emission is also detected only in J0210−0456. The ratio of [C ii] to far-infrared luminosity is similar to that of low-redshift galaxies of comparable luminosity, suggesting that the previous finding of an offset in the relationships between this ratio and far-infrared luminosity at low and high redshifts may be partially due to a selection effect due to the limited sensitivity of previous continuum data. The [C ii] line of J0210−0456 is relatively narrow (FWHM = 189 ± 18 km s−1), indicating a dynamical mass substantially lower than expected from the local black hole–velocity dispersion correlation. The [C ii] line is marginally resolved at 0. ″7 resolution with the blue and red wings spatially offset by 0. ″5 (3 kpc) and a smooth velocity gradient of 100 km s−1 across a scale of 6 kpc, possibly due to the rotation of a galaxy-wide disk. These observations are consistent with the idea that stellar mass growth lags black hole accretion for quasars at this epoch with respect to more recent times.
Physical Characteristics of Elite Male Bandy Players

Physical characteristics of elite male bandy players have not been studied for the last 30 years. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics of elite male bandy players with respect to playing positions. A cross-sectional study was performed that included 25 male bandy players from one of the highest-ranked bandy leagues in the world. Body weight, length, isometric mid-thigh pull, countermovement jump, squat jump, unilateral long jump, bilateral long jump, 15- and 30-m sprint, 15-m flying sprint, and VO2max were tested. Players were divided into forwards, midfielders, and defenders. Forwards had significantly (p = 0.012) higher relative VO2max than defenders (59.8 ± 4.3 compared to 53.0 ± 5.6 mL/kg/min). No significant differences for any of the other measurements were observed between positions. This is the first study to present the physical characteristics between playing positions in off- and on-ice tests for male bandy players competing at the highest level. Today’s bandy players are heavier and have lower relative VO2max compared with players in the early 1990s. However, their work capacities have increased since their absolute VO2max is higher. These results provide benchmark values that can serve as a foundation for strength and conditioning professionals when designing future training programs.
A WIDE AREA SURVEY FOR HIGH-REDSHIFT MASSIVE GALAXIES. II. NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF BzK-SELECTED MASSIVE STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

Results are presented from near-infrared spectroscopic observations of a sample of BzK-selected, massive star-forming galaxies (sBzKs) at 1.5 < z < 2.3 that were obtained with OHS/CISCO at the Subaru telescope and with SINFONI at the Very Large Telescope. Among the 28 sBzKs observed, Hα emission was detected in 14 objects, and for 11 of them the [N ii] λ6583 flux was also measured. Multiwavelength photometry was also used to derive stellar masses and extinction parameters, whereas Hα and [N ii] emissions have allowed us to estimate star formation rates (SFRs), metallicities, ionization mechanisms, and dynamical masses. In order to enforce agreement between SFRs from Hα with those derived from rest-frame UV and mid-infrared, additional obscuration for the emission lines (that originate in H ii regions) was required compared to the extinction derived from the slope of the UV continuum. We have also derived the stellar mass–metallicity relation, as well as the relation between stellar mass and specific SFR (SSFR), and compared them to the results in other studies. At a given stellar mass, the sBzKs appear to have been already enriched to metallicities close to those of local star-forming galaxies of similar mass. The sBzKs presented here tend to have higher metallicities compared to those of UV-selected galaxies, indicating that near-infrared selected galaxies tend to be a chemically more evolved population. The sBzKs show SSFRs that are systematically higher, by up to ∼2 orders of magnitude, compared to those of local galaxies of the same mass. The empirical correlations between stellar mass and metallicity, and stellar mass and SSFR are then compared with those of evolutionary population synthesis models constructed either with the simple closed-box assumption, or within an infall scenario. Within the assumptions that are built-in such models, it appears that a short timescale for the star formation (≃100 Myr) and large initial gas mass appear to be required if one wants to reproduce both relations simultaneously.
DIRECT N-BODY MODELING OF THE OLD OPEN CLUSTER NGC 188: A DETAILED COMPARISON OF THEORETICAL AND OBSERVED BINARY STAR AND BLUE STRAGGLER POPULATIONS

Following on from a recently completed radial-velocity survey of the old (7 Gyr) open cluster NGC 188 in which we studied in detail the solar-type hard binaries and blue stragglers of the cluster, here we investigate the dynamical evolution of NGC 188 through a sophisticated N-body model. Importantly, we employ the observed binary properties of the young (180 Myr) open cluster M35, where possible, to guide our choices for parameters of the initial binary population. We apply pre-main-sequence tidal circularization and a substantial increase to the main-sequence tidal circularization rate, both of which are necessary to match the observed tidal circularization periods in the literature, including that of NGC 188. At 7 Gyr the main-sequence solar-type hard-binary population in the model matches that of NGC 188 in both binary frequency and distributions of orbital parameters. This agreement between the model and observations is in a large part due to the similarities between the NGC 188 and M35 solar-type binaries. Indeed, among the 7 Gyr main-sequence binaries in the model, only those with P ≳ 1000 days begin to show potentially observable evidence for modifications by dynamical encounters, even after 7 Gyr of evolution within the star cluster. This emphasizes the importance of defining accurate initial conditions for star cluster models, which we propose is best accomplished through comparisons with observations of young open clusters like M35. Furthermore, this finding suggests that observations of the present-day binaries in even old open clusters can provide valuable information on their primordial binary populations. However, despite the model's success at matching the observed solar-type main-sequence population, the model underproduces blue stragglers and produces an overabundance of long-period circular main-sequence–white-dwarf binaries as compared with the true cluster. We explore several potential solutions to the paucity of blue stragglers and conclude that the model dramatically underproduces blue stragglers through mass-transfer processes. We suggest that common-envelope evolution may have been incorrectly imposed on the progenitors of the spurious long-period circular main-sequence–white-dwarf binaries, which perhaps instead should have gone through stable mass transfer to create blue stragglers, thereby bringing both the number and binary frequency of the blue straggler population in the model into agreement with the true blue stragglers in NGC 188. Thus, improvements in the physics of mass transfer and common-envelope evolution employed in the model may in fact solve both discrepancies with the observations. This project highlights the unique accessibility of open clusters to both comprehensive observational surveys and full-scale N-body simulations, both of which have only recently matured sufficiently to enable such a project, and underscores the importance of open clusters to the study of star cluster dynamics.
THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY QUASAR LENS SEARCH. VI. CONSTRAINTS ON DARK ENERGY AND THE EVOLUTION OF MASSIVE GALAXIES

We present a statistical analysis of the final lens sample from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search (SQLS). The number distribution of a complete subsample of 19 lensed quasars selected from 50,836 source quasars is compared with theoretical expectations, with particular attention given to the selection function. Assuming that the velocity function of galaxies does not evolve with redshift, the SQLS sample constrains the cosmological constant to ΩΛ = 0.79+0.06−0.07(stat.)+0.06−0.06(syst.) for a flat universe. The dark energy equation of state is found to be consistent with w = −1 when the SQLS is combined with constraints from baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements or results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). We also obtain simultaneous constraints on cosmological parameters and redshift evolution of the galaxy velocity function, finding no evidence for redshift evolution at z ≲ 1 in any combinations of constraints. For instance, number density evolution quantified as νn ≡ dln ϕ*/dln (1 + z) and the velocity dispersion evolution νσ ≡ dln σ*/dln (1 + z) are constrained to νn = 1.06+1.36−1.39(stat.)+0.33−0.64(syst.) and νσ = −0.05+0.19−0.16(stat.)+0.03−0.03(syst.), respectively, when the SQLS result is combined with BAO and WMAP for flat models with a cosmological constant. We find that a significant amount of dark energy is preferred even after fully marginalizing over the galaxy evolution parameters. Thus, the statistics of lensed quasars robustly confirm the accelerated cosmic expansion.
Food Insecurity and Economic Hardship of College Students: Before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has brought overwhelming concerns regarding food insecurity and economic impacts for young adults. This study examined food insecurity and economic hardship before and during the pandemic, using data from a cross-sectional survey with college students (N = 375). We employed two analytic approaches, a Latent Class Analysis and a cumulative risk approach. The findings suggest that food insecurity and economic hardship increased during the pandemic and, more importantly, the patterns of economic hardship differ in nature before and during the pandemic. Economic hardship significantly explained food insecurity, and the pandemic intensified the association.
A weak lensing view on primordial non-Gaussianities

We investigate the signature of primordial non-Gaussianities in the weak lensing bispectrum, in particular the signals generated by local, orthogonal and equilateral non-Gaussianities. The questions we address include the signal-to-noise ratio generated in the Euclid weak lensing survey (we find the 1sigma-errors for fNL are 200, 575 and 1628 for local, orthogonal and equilateral non-Gaussianities, respectively), misestimations of fNL if one chooses the wrong non-Gaussianity model (misestimations by up to a factor of +/-3 in fNL are possible, depending on the choice of the model), the probability of noticing such a mistake (improbably large values for the chi^2-functional occur from fNL 200 on), degeneracies of the primordial bispectrum with other cosmological parameters (only the matter density Omega_m plays a significant role), and the subtraction of the much larger, structure-formation generated bispectrum. If a prior on a standard wCDM-parameter set is available from Euclid and Planck, the structure formation bispectrum can be predicted accurately enough for subtraction, and any residual structure formation bispectrum would influence the estimation of fNL to a minor degree. Configuration-space integrations which appear in the evaluation of chi^2-functionals and related quantities can be carried out very efficiently with Monte-Carlo techniques, which reduce the complexity by a factor of O(10^4) while delivering sub-percent accuracies. Weak lensing probes smaller scales than the CMB and hence provide an additional constraint on non-Gaussianities, even though they are not as sensitive to primordial non-Gaussianities as the CMB.