Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Farmers' Seed System of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in the Center of Diversity: II. Seed Quality, Storage, Protection and Security

ABSTRACT Farmer's seed system is defined as a system in which seed selection, seed production, seed storage, management and seed diffusion are integrated with crop production. The seed quality, seed storage, seed protection and seed security are important parts of seed system. The objectives of this study were to assess in sorghum: 1) the quality of farmer-produced seed, 2) the seed management, storage and protection, and 3) level and factors of seed security in the region. The on-farm seed quality for sorghum was comparatively good. The average germination for the three varieties tested was 82.8%. The conventional purity (varietal) level of 98% was not met due to the dominant practice of varietal mixture in the region. However, varietal component-wise it met the standard. However, if we suppose that the varieties mixed as a normal component of a farmers' seed lot, then the mean purity of 97% of 10 farmers met the national and regional West Asia and North Africa (WANA) standard. Farmers have various on-farm storage structure and protection systems to maintain good quality seed. The dominant storage methods for seed were panicles form hung in the house (74.4%) or as threshed seed stored in sacks (83.7%). Smoking of panicles (33.8%) and chemicals (22.6%) for threshed seed were commonly used seed protection measures. Farmers defined seed security as the availability of the appropriate varieties at the right place and time in sufficient quantity and quality. Seed security operated at different levels, viz., at household, community, regional and national level. Each level had a different operating base and priorities. At eastern regional level, 78.3% of the farmers were seed secure while 21.7% were seed insecure. Some of the identified weaknesses in seed quality, storage, protection and security are the entry points for complementation by formal seed system to establish sustainable seed system.
Depression Literacy among First-Year University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh

Abstract Objectives Early detection of depression has been assumed to lead to its earlier and better care. Increased depression literacy among the general population might play a vital role in the early and successful detection and treatment. We aimed to investigate depression literacy among the first year university students, to be able to compare their depression literacy with those of other previously investigated groups, we hypothesized that depression literacy might be different from other groups such as patients and other subjects from the general population. Knowledge about depression might also be different in female and male students. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among the first-year students of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh between January and May 2018. A convenience sample of 306 students was randomly identified from a list of students obtained from the authority. Relevant sociodemographic variables were collected. Students were interviewed using the Bangla Depression Literacy scale (D-Lit Bangla). This was a semi structured interview asking for the knowledge on 20 different characteristics of depression. Collected data were analysed to estimate the mean score and 95% confidence intervals of D-Lit Bangla scores. Results The mean score of the correctly identified characteristics of depression was 6.55 (95% CI = 6.31 to 6.89). Only five characteristics of depression were correctly identified by more than 50% participants, that is, sleep change (76.7%), feeling of guilt (75.2%), low self-esteem (81.8%), psychomotor changes (64.6%) and identification of famous people suffering from depression (66.7%). Only a very small portion of the participants correctly knew about psychotic symptoms and different options for the treatment of depression. There were no significant differences between male and female students in the amount and pattern of knowledge of depression. Conclusions The study revealed poor literacy status among the first-year university students of Bangladesh. Both male and female gender have similar amount of depression literacy.
Earnings Restatements, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the Disciplining of Chief Financial Officers

We investigate involuntary chief financial officer (CFO) turnover following earnings restatements, the labor market penalties imposed on former restatement-firm CFOs, and whether these disciplinary consequences have increased following the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). Our results suggest that relative to a control group of non-restating firms, firms restating earnings have higher rates of involuntary CFO turnover, and that former restatement-firm CFOs face stiff labor market penalties. We generally find that the passage of SOX has not increased involuntary CFO turnover rates following restatements. However, we find that labor market penalties for former CFOs of restatement firms are more severe in the post-SOX period, suggesting that SOX has increased ex post settling-up costs. Our results suggest that the influence of SOX on the labor market has resulted in CFOs being held more accountable for their actions.
Biological value and essential oil content in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) depending on calcium fertilization and cultivar

Within the Ocimum genus there occur about 200 species in different varieties and forms. They differ in the essential oil content and quality, as well as in many morpho- logical features. The studies conducted in the years 2008-2009 were aimed at defining the effect of basil cultivar ('Kasia' and 'Wala'), as well as of the differentiated doses of CaCO3 (6 or 12 g·dm -3 of substratum) upon the biological value and chemical composition of the oil in the examined plants, grown in pots filled with transitory peat. A significant interaction was reported between the examined cultivar and CaCO3 dose upon the yield of fresh basil plant weight. The highest yield (172.3 g·plant -1 ) was obtained from plants of �Kasia' cultivar, when a higher dose of CaCO 3 was applied (12 g·dm -3 substratum). Lack of significant effect of calcium carbonate dose was reported upon the yield of fresh basil plant weight. In the examined objects similar fresh weight yield values were obtained. At a higher dose of calcium carbonate the unit plant weight equaled 165.9 g·plant -1 , and at a lower dose of CaCO3 it was 160.2 g·plant -1 . The percentage of dry matter significantly depended on the cultivar. Basil of 'Wala' cultivar had higher dry matter content, (32.0%) compared to 'Kasia' (25.6%). Both the cultivar and calcium carbonate dose significantly affected the vitamin C contents in fresh basil herb. Increasing the CaCO3 dose from 6 g·dm -3 to 12 g·dm -3 caused the increase of vitamin C concentration by 12.6%. Higher essential oil contents was characteristic of the herb of 'Kasia' plants - 1.33% compared to 'Wala' cultivar, in whose herb 1.03% of oil was determined. The qualitative composition of isolated oil depended on the examined factors. The predominating compounds were: li- nalool, 1.8-cineole, geranyl, D germacrene, �-cadinene, Epi-�-cadinole. A certain differ- entiation was found in the contents of particular compounds in the essential oils of 'Kasia' and 'Wala' plants, as the effect of calcium nutrition.
The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Goat (Capra hircus) Mitochondrial Genome

The goat mtDNA sequences reported to date are fragmentary. By using both in silico cloning procedure and conventional molecular biology techniques we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the goat (Capra hircus) mitochondrial genome. The length of the sequence was 16.640 bp. Genes responsible for 12S and 16S rRNAs, 22 tRNAs and 13 protein-coding regions are found. The genome organization is conformed to those of other mitochondrial genomes. Comparison between the 13 protein coding genes of goat, cow and sheep reveals that the difference range from 1.2 to 12.2% with a mean of 7.3% between goat and cow and from 0 to 15.6% (mean 4.7%) between goat and sheep.
Recent advances and new concepts on follicle and endocrine dynamics during the equine periovulatory period.

During the recent years, mares have been shown as relevant follicle-related research comparative model for women because of similarities in the number and nature of ovarian follicular waves, a constant relative diameter of the largest follicle between the two species at definable events throughout the ovulatory wave, and similar ultrasonographic characteristics and changes of the preovulatory follicle. In the mare, as in other monovular species (cattle, women), usually only one dominant follicle develops as a result of the deviation mechanism. However, occasionally two or more dominant follicles may also occur. Few studies in mares have addressed the relationships between periovulatory circulating hormone concentrations and single versus multiple dominant/preovulatory follicles. Temporal and mechanistic studies performed recently (years 2005 to 2008) have contributed to elucidation of intriguing relationships among the dominant follicle and circulating hormones and will be the focus of this review. The main topics discussed herein are: (i) development of one versus two dominant follicles with a single ovulation; (ii) development of one versus multiple ovulatory follicles; (iii) conversion of two dominant follicles to double ovulations; (iv) role of hormones in development of double ovulations; (v) interrelationships of periovulatory reproductive hormones; (vi) repeatability of preovulatory follicle diameter and hormones; and (vii) factors that affect preovulatory follicle diameter and hormones, such as breeds and types of mares, season, body condition, and aging.
Divergence from the growth–survival trade‐off and extreme high growth rates drive patterns of exotic tree invasions in closed‐canopy forests

1. The study of invasiveness typically emphasizes early successional life‐history traits in exotic plants, which enable the capture of high resources in disturbed environments and rapid growth. A key issue in invasion dynamics is whether such behaviours come at the expense of traits such as low‐light survivorship, which allow species to become more dominant later in succession.
Further studies in Memecylon sect. Afzeliana (Melastomataceae–Olisbeoideae): the type of M. liberiae and its taxonomic implications

Under the principle of priority, Memecylon liberiae is the correct name for the West African species previously known as M. aylmeri . A lectotype is designated for M. liberiae from the original material rediscovered in the Berlin herbarium. Use of the neotype designated by Jacques-Felix must therefore be abandoned. A new species M. emancipatum is proposed to replace M. liberiae sensu Jacques-Felix. A revised identification key is provided for the West African species of Memecylon sensu stricto.
Do Auditors Price Audit Committee's Expertise? The Case of Accounting versus Nonaccounting Financial Experts

The issue of whether audit pricing reflects the effectiveness of the audit committee is of fundamental interest to auditors, managers, and others. Auditors are expected to price the effectiveness of the audit committee because it relates to the control risk and thus, the overall audit risk. This study examines the relation between audit fees and a key determinant of the audit committee's effectiveness—that is, the financial expertise of the audit committee. Though the Sarbanes-Oxley Act mandates the disclosure of a financial expert, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) broadly defined experts to include accounting or nonaccounting financial experts. Does audit pricing differentiate between accounting and nonaccounting financial expertise? For a sample of Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 firms for the years 2000 through 2002, we find that after controlling for several board and audit committee characteristics and firm characteristics, audit pricing is negatively related to accounting financial expertise. However, this finding is conditional upon the strength of the overall governance structure. We do not find a significant relation between audit fees and accounting financial expertise for observations with weak governance structure. Overall, our evidence is consistent with the SEC's initial narrow definition to include only the accounting financial experts. The lack of a significant relationship between nonaccounting financial expertise and audit fees suggests that auditors perceive that only accounting financial expertise contributes to audit committee's effectiveness.
Telaprevir for retreatment of HCV infection: review of the REALIZE trial

An estimated 170 million people are chronically infected with HCV, which is a leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation in North America. However, in patients infected with HCV genotype 1, 48 weeks of pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin treatment results in a sustained virologic response of only 40–50%. Therefore, development of effective regimens to eradicate HCV has been an urgent priority, especially in those patients who have a predicted low treatment response, partial responders and nonresponders. Telaprevir is a reversible, selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the HCV NS3/4A serine protease, and resembles the HCV polypeptide that is cleaved by the viral protease, a necessary step in replication. The REALIZE trial was a Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of patients who were previously treated with pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin unsuccessfully for chronic genotype 1 HCV infection, with the aim to compare the efficacy, safety and tolerabi.
Survival of the Weakest? Culling Evidence from the 1918 Flu Pandemic

When a negative shock aﬀects a cohort in utero, two things may happen: �? rst, the population suﬀers detrimental consequences in later life; and second, some will die as a consequence of the shock, either in utero or early in life. The latter eﬀect, often referred to as culling, may induce a bias in estimates of later life outcomes. When the health shock disproportionately aﬀects a positively selected subpopulation, the long-term eﬀects are overestimated. The 1918 ﬂu pandemic was plausibly more harmful to mothers of high socioeconomic status, as a suppressed immune system in mothers of low socioeconomic status may have been protective against the most severe consequences of infection. Using historical birth records from the city of Bern, Switzerland, we assess this concern empirically and document that a careful consideration of culling is paramount for the evaluation of the 1918 ﬂu pandemic and other fetal health shocks.
Pregnane Glycosides from Marsdenia tomentosa

Sixteen glycosides of polyoxypregnanes, including two new pregnanes, isokidjoladinin and isotemontosin, were isolated form the leaves and caules of Marsdenia tomentosa collected in Fukuoka. The structures of fourteen new glycosides were elucidated and named marstomentosides A-N.
Informing Website Navigation Design with Team-Based Card Sorting

Abstract In 2016, Utah State University (USU) Libraries redesigned the library website’s main menu and underlying information architecture (IA) in response to a number of known usability problems and limitations. Card sorting studies were conducted with a group of USU undergraduate students and a mixed group of faculty and graduate students to help develop a better understanding of users’ mental models of library-related research and service tasks. Participants worked in teams to sort, rank and label cards pertaining to the content and feature of the library’s website. Afterwards, participants discussed and performed usability tasks on each other’s categories. Results were used to inform the design of a new IA and menu structure, while best practices from usability studies and trends in academic library website design were used to help with menu and link labeling. The final design was validated through follow-up discussions with staff, usability tests, and category/reverse category tests.
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS VALUE MODELS’ TRANSFORMATION IN MDA APPROACH

During the last decade, the model transformation has been considered as one of the Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approachs key. For this purpose, the Object Management Group proposes for this approach three abstraction levels, which are Computation Independent Model (CIM), Platform Independent Model (PIM) and Platform Speciﬁc Model (PSM). Therefore, most researches avoid the transformation in relationship with the CIM level because there is no deﬁned standard and contains higher abstraction model nature, such as Business Value Models (BVM). However, the CIM level is considered as an essential level, because each change in the CIM level inﬂuences all the other abstraction levels such as PIM and PSM. So, our contribution and challenge in this work are to study, analyze and discuss diﬀerent methods that deal with the Business Value models transformation in CIM, which were made over the last decade and respect the MDA approach.
Evaluation of genetic variability of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) from different geographic origins using morpho-agronomic traits and multivariate analysis

Morpho-agronomical characterization was done for 16 kenaf accessions from 4 different geographic origins to assess the variation and genetic relationships according to their origin. To evaluate their genetic relationships, correlation matrix with 13 quantitative traits were used for Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis, which produced three groups. Similar grouping pattern was obtained by clustering the accessions using the dissimilarity matrix of Ward's method. Clustering of the accessions with origin showed the association of genetic variability among the accessions with their source of origin. To evaluate the genetic variability among the accessions, fishers distance was calculated with significant p-value. The highest distance was observed among the accessions originated from Australia and China. Discriminant analysis with two major factors revealed that days of 50 % flowering and maturity may be the important traits to differentiate the accessions according to the origins. The late to middle flowering accessions from different origins can be used to grow high fibre yield producing kenaf in the tropical environment.
The beginning of the ‘Age of Dinosaurs’: a brief overview of terrestrial biotic changes during the Triassic

ABSTRACT The first appearance of dinosaurs during the early Late Triassic coincided with marked faunal changes in terrestrial ecosystems. Most of the major groups of extant tetrapods (or their proximate sister-taxa), including mammaliaforms, crocodyliform archosaurs, lepidosaurs and turtles, also first appeared in the fossil record during the Late Triassic. On the other hand, a number of Palaeozoic ‘holdovers’, such as procolophonid parareptiles, dicynodont therapsids and many groups of temnospondyls, vanished near or at the end of the Triassic. The tempo and mode of this faunal turnover have long been debated, but there has been growing acceptance of a rather sudden event, although the precise dating of such an event remains controversial. However, new discoveries have cast doubt on this assumption. The persistence of non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs alongside dinosaurs well into Norian times hints at a more protracted turnover. New data on Triassic insect assemblages indicate that turnover among insects may also have been more protracted and possibly not co-incident with the faunal changes among tetrapods. Future work directed toward improved absolute age assessments for major faunal assemblages will be critical for a better understanding of the transition from therapsid-dominated to dinosaur-dominated communities during the early Mesozoic.
Automation Detection of Driver Fatigue Using Visual Behavior Variables

Abstract To examine the correlation of driver visual behaviors and subjective levels of fatigue, a total of 36 commercial drivers were invited to participate in 2-h, 3-h, and 4-h naturalistic driving tests during which their eye fixation, saccade, blinking variables, and self-awareness of their fatigue levels were recorded. Then, one-way ANOVA was applied to analyze the variations of each variable among different age groups over varying time periods. The statistical analysis revealed that driving duration had a significant effect on the variation of visual behaviors and feelings of fatigue. After 2h of driving, only the average closure duration value and subjective level of fatigue had an increase of one-fifth or more. After 4h of driving, however, all these variables had a significant change except for the number of saccades and pupil diameter measurements. Particularly, driver saccadic eye movement was more sensitive to driving fatigue, and the elderly were more likely to be affected by the duration of the drive. Finally, a predictor of driver fatigue was determined to detect the real-time level of fatigue and alert at the critical moment.
Respiratory function and upper limb functionality in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia

Background: Cognitive decline is the main cause of disability and dependency in older people, leading to decreased lung function and ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). However, in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, little attention has been given to the assessment of respiratory function, and functional capacity studies have been focused on lower limb when upper limb plays a key role in ADL. Aim: To characterise the respiratory function and upper limb functionality of people with MCI or dementia. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional and exploratory study was conducted in people with MCI or dementia recruited in nursing homes, day care centres and long term care facilities. The sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinical data were collected with a structured questionnaire based on the checklist of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The lung function (peak expiratory flow-PEF), respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory, expiratory, and nasal inspiratory pressures-MIP/MEP/SNIP) and upper limb functionality (Grocery Shelving Task-GST) were assessed. Results: Sixty-one participants (62.7% ♀, 76.2±5.1 years) were recruited: 21 people with MCI/dementia institutionalised, 22 communitydwelling people with MCI/dementia, and 18 healthy older people. Lung function (PEF: 171.1±53.2 vs 266.5±82.5 vs 357.5±46.4 L/min, p <0.001), respiratory muscle strength (MIP [-25.9±-10.1 vs -41.7±-10.0 vs -90.9±-21.9 cmH2O; p<0.001], MEP [48.3±21.3 vs 69.9±20.2 vs 112.1±17.8 cmH2O; p<0.001] and SNIP [25.6±8.0 vs 45.3±23.2 vs 81.8±22.0 cmH2O; p<0.001); upper limb functionality (GST: 112.2±41.1 vs 69.4±34.2 vs 32.8±4.2 s; p <0.001) were significantly lower in people with MCI/dementia institutionalised than those community-dwelling and both groups presented lower values than healthy older people. Conclusion: Given the relevance of respiratory function and upper limb functionality to the quality of life of people with MCI or dementia, these results emphasize the need for routine evaluation of these parameters in these populations to develop personalized interventions as early as possible. Abbreviations and/or acronyms ACE-III – Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III ADL – Activities of Daily Living BMI – Body Mass Index Brief-PA – Brief Physical Activity assessment tool COPD – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ERS – European Respiratory Society GST – Grocery Shelving Task ICF – International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health LRTI – Lower Respiratory Tract Infection MCI – Mild Cognitive Impairment MEP – Maximal Expiratory Pressure MIP – Maximal Inspiratory Pressure PEF – Peak Expiratory Flow SNIP – Sniff Nasal Inspiratory Pressure SpO2% Peripheral oxygen saturation WHO – World Health Organization