Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The size and complexity of dolphin brains—a paradox?

Dolphin brain size with respect to body size ranks between that of apes and humans. The hypertrophic auditory structures, the large cerebrum with extended gyrification and the highly cognitive capabilities of toothed whales seem to be in paradoxical contrast to their thin neocortex with a plesiomorphic or paedomorphic cytoarchitecture. The total number of neurons in the delphinid neocortex is comparable to that of the chimpanzee (Primates), but, in relation to body weight, in the magnitude of the hedgehog (Insectivora) neocortex since cetaceans may be able to obtain larger body sizes than terrestrial mammals due to reduced gravitational effects in water. During evolution, dolphins may have increased the computational performance of their cytoarchitectonically ‘simple’ neocortex by a multiplication of relevant structures (resulting in a hypertrophic surface area) instead of increasing its complexity. Based on this hypothesis, I suggest that the evolution of the large dolphin brain was possible due to a combination of different prerequisites based on adaptations to the aquatic environment including the sonar system. The latter facilitated a successful feeding strategy to support an increased metabolic turnover of the brain and led to a hypertrophic auditory system. Moreover, the rudimentary pelvic girdle did not limit brain size at birth. These adaptations favoured the evolutionary size increase of the cerebral cortex in dolphins facilitating highly cognitive capabilities as well as precise and rapid sound processing using a ‘simple’ kind of neocortical cytoarchitecture.
Quantitative Analyses of Vitrified Autologous Venous Arterial Bypass Graft Explants

The purpose of this study was to compare vitrified small diameter venous arterial bypass graft explants with fresh graft controls using quantitative morphometrics and smooth muscle physiology. Fresh and vitrified reversed ipsilateral external jugular veins were used as autologous common carotid interposition bypass grafts on the right side in New Zealand White rabbits. Animals were sacrificed at either 2 or 4 weeks after implantation, and the vein grafts were harvested for study. Histology revealed that the vitrified grafts initially arteriolized more slowly than untreated grafts and that they caught up by 4 weeks postimplantation. Histomorphometrics revealed that the intimal area was less in vitrified grafts at 2 weeks (p = 0.007) and that the luminal area was less in vitrified grafts at 4 weeks (p = 0.002). All other morphometric parameters were not significantly different. Smooth muscle physiology demonstrated a tendency for the responses of vitrified grafts to be lower than controls, not statistically.
Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity in Animal Model: Study of Kidney Histopathology and Physiological Functions

The purpose of this study was to analyze abnormal changes in kidney histology and physiology in acute kidney injury animal models with multiple doses of gentamicin. Induction of experimental animals was carried out on 20 rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain which were divided into 4 groups, group I was a negative control group, groups II, III and IV are gentamicin-induced groups at doses of 30 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Kidney histopathology were stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE), while analysis of serum BUN and creatinine by spectrophotometric method. Data analysis for kidney histopathology was descriptively while for BUN and Creatinine were statistically tested with one way ANOVA. The results of this study showed there was a kidney damage in all gentamicin-induced groups, which is necrosis in the contortus tubule and the Bowman’s capsule compared to the negative control group. The group of rats with the higher doses of gentamicin showed a more severe level of histopathological changes, however, BUN and creatinine levels were not significantly different (p> 0.05). This study concludes that gentamicin induction could cause kidney histopathological changes but not kidney physiology.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF NOSEMA DISEASE OF THE HONEY‐BEE

The proportion of honey-bees infected with Nosema apis (Zander) declines in summer as the old infected bees die, for they cease to transmit their infection to the newly emerged individuals during the flying season. N. apis spores survive the summer on combs contaminated with infected faeces during the preceding winter. Although bees clean the combs during the summer, all infected material is not removed, and even well-used brood comb, which has been repeatedly cleaned by bees, can carry infection. Only a few bees may contract infection in the autumn from these faeces, but they join the winter cluster and initiate the next outbreak of the disease. Transferring a colony on to clean comb early in the spring or summer removes the source of the disease, and it then disappears when all the old infected bees die. Old broodless comb can be sterilized quite simply by fumigation for a few days with the vapours of formalin or glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid is preferable, because it does not poison any honey or pollen in the combs. Formaldehyde can safely be used only with empty combs. The autumn is the best time for treating colonies chemotherapeutically, because the combs are then cleanest and the few bees which are infected can be cured during the winter. The drug can be incorporated in the syrup normally fed to colonies in autumn, and there is no risk of seriously contaminating subsequent honey crops. However, such treatment cannot eliminate the disease because sufficient spores remain on the combs for the disease to start again when the drug supplied in the winter stores is exhausted.
Nowcasting monthly GDP with big data: A model averaging approach

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the most comprehensive and authoritative measure of economic activity. The macroeconomic literature has focused on nowcasting and forecasting this measure at the monthly frequency, using related high‐frequency indicators. We address the issue of estimating monthly GDP using a large‐dimensional set of monthly indicators, by pooling the disaggregate estimates arising from simple and feasible bivariate models that consider one indicator at a time in conjunction to GDP. Our base model handles mixed‐frequency data and ragged‐edge data structure with any pattern of missingness. Our methodology enables to distil the common component of the available economic indicators, so that the monthly GDP estimates arise from the projection of the quarterly figures on the space spanned by the common component. The weights used for the combination reflect the ability to nowcast quarterly GDP and are obtained as a function of the regularized estimator of the high‐dimensional covariance matrix of the nowcasting errors. A recursive nowcasting and forecasting experiment with data on euro area GDP illustrates that the optimal weights adapt to the information set available in real time and vary according to the phase of the business cycle.
A COMPARISON OF THE LINE INTERCEPTION, VERTICAL POINT QUADRAT, AND LOOP METHODS AS USED IN MEASURING BASAL AREA OF GRASSLAND VEGETATION

A study was designed to determine the most efficient sample size and number of samples when any one of the line-interception, vertical point quadrat, or loop methods of vegetation survey is used, on different range types in southern Alberta. The procedure has involved obtaining basal area measurements by all methods on ten transects, 100 feet long, within each range type.Sampling intensities sufficient to sample the dominant and minor species to within ± 10 per cent of their true mean basal area, and the precision obtained when minor species were sampled at intensities found adequate for the dominant species, were calculated. Measurement of minor species at the latter intensities was highly variable. The loop method was the most rapid in the field, detected least species, and gave the most variable data. Data collected by this method were especially variable when the dominant plant species were of the single stemmed type. The line interception method was the most time-consuming, detected more species than.
New Information on the Hosts and Distribution of the Marine Fish Leeches Trachelobdella Lubrica and Pontobdella Muricata (Clitellata, Hirudinida)

New Information on the Hosts and Distribution of the Marine Fish Leeches Trachelobdella Lubrica and Pontobdella Muricata (Clitellata, Hirudinida) Fish leeches collected in the Aegean Sea, the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea were examined. Trachelobdella lubrica (Grube, 1840) was recorded for the first time from the ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta (Osteichthyes, Labridae), marine bream Diplodus vulgaris (Osteichthyes, Sparidae) and the grouper Epinephelus aeneus (Osteichthyes, Serranidae) from aquiculture. The leeches of this species were found in the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara on the body surface, in the mouth and gill cavities of their hosts. Leeches identified as Pontobdella muricata (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from the thornback ray Raja clavata (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae) in the Black Sea. Новые сведения о ХозяеваХ и распространении морскиХ рыбьиХ пиявок Trachelobdella lubrica и Pontobdella muricata(Clitellata, Hirudinida) Исследованы рыбьи пиявки, собранные в Эгейском, Мраморном и Черном моряХ. Trachelobdella lubrica (Grube, 1840) впервые указана длягубана - Labrus bergylta (Osteichthyes, Labridae), морского леща Diplodus vulgaris (Osteichthyes, Sparidae) и групера- Epinephelus aeneus (Osteichthyes, Serranidae) из аквакультуры. Пиявки этого вида былиобнаружены в Эгейском и Мраморном моряХ на поверХности тела, в ротовой и жаберной полостяХ своиХ Хозяев. В Черном море с морской лисицы Raja clavata (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae) были собраны пиявки, относящиеся к виду Pontobdella muricata (Linnaeus, 1758).
ε-Ga₂O₃: A Promising Candidate for High-Electron-Mobility Transistors

We predict spontaneous polarization of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> can achieve a high density of 10<sup>14</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the interface of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AlN (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-GaN) without doping. Based on the accurately calculated bandgap alignment of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, AlN and GaN, we find that the critical thickness of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to form a mobile 2DEG at the interface on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AlN and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-GaN substrates is around 1.8 nm, which is much thinner than AlGaN due to its large potential shift. The depletion mode high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) based on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> are also investigated. The results show that the saturation currents of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> HEMTs devices are much larger than that of typical AlGaN HEMTs. For the emerging problem of large leakage current from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> HEMTs device, we present a novel method that can significantly suppress the off-state leakage current of the device by growing an ultrathin AlGaN layer on the top surface of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Therefore, our results can provide a theoretical basis for the potential applications of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in fabricating HEMTs for high-power and high-frequency applications.
Length-Weight Relationship of Obscure Puffer (Takifugu obscurus) during Spawning Migration in the Yangtze River, China

ABSTRACT Length-weight relationships were estimated for obscure puffer (Takifugu obscurus) from the Yangtze River during the spawning migration period. The formulae for all individuals, females, and males were W=0.0110SL 3.3821, W ♀=0.0119SL 3.3718 and W ♂=0.0183SL 3.2154, respectively, where W is the body weight in g and SL is the standard length in cm. Pronounced sexual dimorphism in the length-weight relationship was observed with significant difference in the allometric coefficient of the length-weight relationship between females and males. These findings indicated that the length-weight relationships of obscure puffer could be used not only to estimate weight from standard length but also to differentiate sex.
Cascade-LSTM: A Tree-Structured Neural Classifier for Detecting Misinformation Cascades

Misinformation in social media - such as fake news, rumors, or other forms of deceptive content - poses a significant threat to society and, hence, scalable strategies for an early detection of online cascades with misinformation are in dire need. The prominent approach in detecting online cascades with misinformation builds upon neural networks based on sequences of simple structural features of the propagation dynamics (e.g., cascade size, average retweeting time). However, these structural features neglect large parts of the information in the cascade. As a remedy, we propose a novel tree-structured neural network named Cascade-LSTM. Our Cascade-LSTM draws upon a tree-structured long short-term memory network that is carefully engineered to the structure of online information cascades. Specifically, we suggest a novel bi-directional encoding similar to the information flow, extend inner nodes with further covariates from retweets, and fuse the network with global information from the root. As a result, our Cascade-LSTM overcomes inherent limitations from feature engineering, since it learns propagation features along the complete cascade. The effectiveness of our Cascade-LSTM is demonstrated based on a classification task to predict the veracity of 2,156 Twitter cascades. We improve the detection if misinformation in terms of AUC over the status quo with cascade features by 2.8%. Altogether, our Cascade-LSTM entails important implications: (1) it presents the first neural classifier that learns the complete cascade. (2) It demonstrates a promising approach to practitioners for detecting misinformation through mining retweet behavior. (3) The model is fairly general, which ensures widespread applicability for inferences from online cascades.
Tritipyrum, a potential new salt‐tolerant cereal

Salt-affected soil is a major world-wide problem with many hectares of land lost to cultivation each year . To combat this problem, the development and assessment of a novel salt tolerant cereal, tritipyrum, was carried out. This is a hybrid between wheat and Thinopyrum bessarabicum. a very salt-tolerant member of the Triticeae. A range of tritipyrums derived from crosses between tetraploid wheat, Triticum durum, and Th. bessarabicum was produced. Although meiosis in ihe tritipyrums was generally regular, chromosome pairing failure was observed in each of the genotypes. In addition, the level of fertility was relatively low, the fertility of bagged spikes ranging from 29% to 51%. One iritipyrum produced multiple seeds in some florets. Three tritipyrums selected at random performed better than their wheat parents in hydroculture experiments in each of three treatments (150, 200 and 250 mol/ m3 Nacl). The potential for the exploitation of tritipyrum in salt-affected soils is discussed.
Adsorption of Cytoplasmic and Wall-bound Saccharase of Sugar Beet Seedlings to Cell Wall

Cytoplasmic and wall-bound saccharases were prepared from the seedlings of sugar beet, and adsorption-release characteristics of the enzymes were compared by the use of a partially purified wall Adsorption of the bound enzyme occurred below 0.25 m in NaCl concentration and was unaffected by changes in pH, while the cytoplasmic enzyme was adsorbed only in acidic media of pH 3~4. Release of re-adsorbed enzymes with NaCl depended on its concentration, and the cytoplasmic enzyme was liberated more readily than the bound type, giving their maximum values at 0.2 m and 0.8 m NaCl, respectively. Thus, the two saccharases showed merked differences in adsorption to and release from the wall. Adsorption of the cytoplasmic enzyme to the wall was reversible with changes in pH of the medium.The results suggested that the wall-bound saccharase was essentially different from the cytoplasmic enzyme and consequently not an artifact.
How does management accounting affect entrepreneurial orientation in SMEs? A structural equation modelling

Management accounting practices (MAP) appear to be a prerequisite for entrepreneur-ial orientation (EO) to positively influence profitability. In addition, critical capacities are a precondition to develop and maintain MAP. Studies revealed that small and me-dium enterprises use informal MAP and they generally lack managerial competences (MC) to develop and implement effective control systems to respond to environmental challenges. However, those who develop MC are more likely to implement MAP. The aim of the paper is to analyze the relationship between the use of MAP and the devel-opment of EO, where EO is measured through the independent dimensions of innova-tiveness, proactiveness and risk-taking. Further, the paper argues that the use of MAP is positively affected by the possession of MC. The paper adopts structural equation modelling to test the hypotheses, focusing on a sample of 339 Italian community pharmacies (response rate 54.6%). Findings support a positive relationship between MC and MAP and between MAP and EO, contributing to a field that is underexplored and providing suggestions for managers, practitioners and educators.
Differences in the Mechanisms of Cell-Cell and Cell-Substrate Adhesion Revealed in a Human Retinoblastoma Cell Line

Cellular adhesive properties of Y79 cells established from a human retinoblastoma were investigated. Y79 cells were characterized by their mutual adhesiveness in forming clusters and by the complete inability to attach to a non-cellular culture substrate. The cell-cell adhesion of Y79 cells depends on two different mechanisms. One is Ca2+-dependent and the other Ca2+- independent, as in the case of V79 cells which adhere mutually and to the culture substrate. That Y79 cells share common adhesive sites for cell-cell adhesion with V79 cells was suggested from the results of the heterotypic aggregation of these two cell types. Y79 cells attached themselves to a monolayer of V79 cells, but not to the substrate of the plastic dishes, when the medium contained serum. We concluded that the mechanisms that operate for cell-substrate adhesion differs qualitatively from the mechanisms for cell-cell adhesion.
Cloaked in Strength—how possum skin cloaking can support Aboriginal women’s voice in family violence research

The Cloaked in Strength project explored the lived experience of family violence of 15 urban Australian Aboriginal mothers through a process of possum skin cloak making. This article presents the findings of the fourth study question that asks: how does cultural practice support Aboriginal women as they reflect upon their experiences of family violence? Highlighting two research stories, the article explores the first story of a reflexive research design that highlighted the women’s engagement with the possum skin cloaking, and its therapeutic relevance in their lives. The second story identifies the importance of the possum skin cloaking process as a significant methodological approach, supporting the women’s storying of family violence. The stories merge to create one research narrative with distinct findings which offer insights into the importance of privileging Aboriginal women’s gendered voice in conversations about family violence, while emphasising the cultural identity-affirming context within which they must occur.
Clinical and epidemiological aspects of children and adults with intestinal stoma of the Bahia-Brazil reference center

Objective: To characterize children and adults with intestinal stoma in relation to sociodemographic and clinical aspects of the State Reference Center of Bahia. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive research, with a quantitative approach and a convenience sample of 43 patients that met the inclusion criteria. The data were collected through an interview and evaluation of the stoma and skin, around and analyzed by descriptive statistics, with frequency and percentage distribution. Results: There was a predominance of males, aged between 40 and 59 years old, unmarried, with incomplete elementary education, family income of a minimum wage, having colorectal cancer and firearm trauma as responsible for the stoma. It emphasized the occurrence of temporary descending colostomy, use of a drainable device, a single piece, with a cut-off, with a cut greater than the diameter of the stoma, presence of dermatitis. Stomatal hygiene and device switching were performed independently. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated a need to reassess the strategies used in specialized care, with emphasis on educational actions aimed at self-care and greater participation of the user in the program, aiming at their rehabilitation and improvement in quality of life.
The effect of temperature on the behaviour and development of Triatoma brasiliensis

Abstract. The effects of temperature on the development of early stages and the thermopreference of nymphs and adults were analysed in the haematophagous bug Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). Egg hatching, mortality of nymphs, feeding and moulting success of the early stages of T. brasiliensis were all affected by temperature. While high rates of egg hatching were observed between 25 and 27 °C, no hatching occurred at 12, 19 and 38 °C. The mortality of first‐instar nymphs was highest at 38 °C, at which no insects survived after 10 days of exposure. Feeding success was only affected at the lowest temperature (12 °C). No ecdysis was observed in the groups exposed to 12, 19 and 21 °C. Recently fed fourth‐instar nymphs preferred to stay at a temperature of approximately 30 °C. The preferred temperature began to decline gradually to approximately 27 °C during ecdysis, reaching 26 °C at 30 days after ecdysis. After a second blood meal, the insects' preferred temperature was again approximately 30 °C. The thermopreference pattern of females was similar to that of nymphs. Nymphs and females showed a daily fluctuation in their preferred temperature, moving towards higher values at the beginning of the dark phase, and choosing lower ones after this time interval, at which they remained until the end of the light phase. The females laid their eggs in all sectors of the arena, although the largest numbers of eggs were found between 28 and 32 °C.