Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Optimized Quantum Implementation of ISD on Scalable Quantum Resources

The security of code based constructions is usually assessed by Information Set Decoding (ISD) algorithms. In the quantum setting, amplitude amplification yields an asymptotic square root gain over the classical analogue. However, it is still unclear whether a real quantum circuit could yield actual improvements or suffer an enormous overhead due to its implementation. This leads to different considerations of these quantum attacks in the security analysis of code based proposals. In this work we clarify this doubt by giving the first quantum circuit design of the fully-fledged ISD procedure, an implementation in the quantum simulation library Qibo as well as precise estimates of its complexities. We show that against common belief, Prange’s ISD algorithm can be implemented rather efficiently on a quantum computer, namely with only a logarithmic overhead in circuit depth compared to a classical implementation. As another major contribution, we leverage the idea of classical coprocessors to design hybrid classical-quantum trade-offs, that allow to tailor the necessary qubits to any available amount, while still providing quantum speedups. Interestingly, when constraining the width of the circuit instead of its depth we are able to overcome previous optimality results on constraint quantum search.
U.S. long‐term earnings outcomes by sex, race, ethnicity, and place of birth

This paper is part of the Global Repository of Income Dynamics (GRID) project cross‐country comparison of earnings inequality, volatility, and mobility. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau's Longitudinal Employer‐Household Dynamics (LEHD) infrastructure files, we produce a uniform set of earnings statistics for the U.S. From 1998 to 2019, we find U.S. earnings inequality has increased and volatility has decreased. The combination of increased inequality and reduced volatility suggest earnings growth differs substantially across different demographic groups. We explore this further by estimating 12‐year average earnings for a single cohort of age 25–54 eligible workers. Overall, differences in labor supply (hours paid and quarters worked) are found to explain almost 90% of the variation in worker earnings at the mean, although substantial earnings differences across and within groups remain unexplained. Using a quantile regression approach, we estimate counterfactual earnings distributions for each demographic group. We find that at the bottom of the earnings distribution differences in characteristics such as hours paid, geographic division, industry, and education explain almost the entire earnings gap; however, above the median the contribution of the differences in the returns to characteristics is the dominant component.
PyTorch Connectomics: A Scalable and Flexible Segmentation Framework for EM Connectomics

We present PyTorch Connectomics (PyTC), an open-source deep-learning framework for the semantic and instance segmentation of volumetric microscopy images, built upon PyTorch. We demonstrate the effectiveness of PyTC in the field of connectomics, which aims to segment and reconstruct neurons, synapses, and other organelles like mitochondria at nanometer resolution for understanding neuronal communication, metabolism, and development in animal brains. PyTC is a scalable and flexible toolbox that tackles datasets at different scales and supports multi-task and semi-supervised learning to better exploit expensive expert annotations and the vast amount of unlabeled data during training. Those functionalities can be easily realized in PyTC by changing the configuration options without coding and adapted to other 2D and 3D segmentation tasks for different tissues and imaging modalities. Quantitatively, our framework achieves the best performance in the CREMI challenge for synaptic cleft segmentation (outperforms existing best result by relatively 6.1$\%$) and competitive performance on mitochondria and neuronal nuclei segmentation. Code and tutorials are publicly available at https://connectomics.readthedocs. io.
Wigner Formulation of Thermal Transport in Solids

Two diﬀerent heat-transport mechanisms are discussed in solids: in crystals, heat carriers propagate and scatter particle-like as described by Peierls’ formulation of the Boltzmann transport equation for phonon wavepackets. In glasses, instead, carriers behave wave-like, diﬀusing via a Zener-like tunneling between quasi-degenerate vibrational eigenstates, as described by the Allen-Feldman equation. Recently, it has been shown that these two conduction mechanisms emerge from a Wigner transport equation, which uniﬁes and extends the Peierls-Boltzmann and Allen-Feldman formulations, allowing to describe also complex crystals where particle-like and wave-like conduction mechanisms coexist. Here, we discuss the theoretical foundations of such transport equation as is derived from the Wigner phase-space formulation of quantum mechanics, elucidating how the interplay between disorder, anharmonicity, and the quantum Bose-Einstein statistics of atomic vibrations determines thermal conductivity. This Wigner formulation argues for a preferential phase convention for the dynamical matrix in the reciprocal Bloch representation and related oﬀ-diagonal velocity operator’s elements; such convention is the only one yielding a conductivity which is invariant with respect to the non-unique choice of the crystal’s unit cell and is size-consistent. We rationalize the conditions determining the crossover from particle-like to wave-like heat conduction, showing that phonons below the Ioﬀe-Regel limit ( i.e. with a mean free path shorter than the interatomic spacing) contribute to heat transport due to their wave-like capability to interfere and tunnel. Finally, we show that the present approach overcomes the failures of the Peierls-Boltzmann formulation for crystals with ultralow or glass-like thermal conductivity, with case studies of materials for thermal barrier coatings and thermoelectric energy conversion.
Fluctuations analysis of spin susceptibility: Néel ordering revisited in dynamical mean field theory

In this paper, we revisit the antiferromagnetic (AF) phase diagram of the single-band threedimensional half-filled Hubbard model on a simple cubic lattice studied within the dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). Although this problem has been investigated extensively in the literature, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the different oneand, in particular, two-particle local correlation functions of DMFT on the AF transition temperature is still missing. We have, hence, performed a fluctuation analysis of TN with respect to different local bosonic fluctuations (charge, spin, particle-particle) contained in the two-particle vertex of DMFT. Our results indicate that, beyond weak coupling, the screening of the DMFT vertex by local fluctuations leads to an enhancement of TN with respect to a random phase approximation (RPA) like calculation where this vertex is replaced by the bare interaction. The overall suppression of TN in DMFT with respect to RPA is then solely due to the incoherence introduced by the DMFT self-energy in the one-particle Green’s functions. This illustrates the Janus-faced role of the local moment formation in the DMFT solution of the Hubbard model, which leads to completely opposite effects in the oneand two-particle correlation functions.
Dynamic Pricing with Limited Commitment

A monopolist wants to sell one item per period to a consumer with evolving and persistent private information. The seller sets a price each period depending on the history so far, but cannot commit to future prices. We show that, regardless of the degree of persistence, any equilibrium under a D1-style refinement gives the seller revenue no higher than what she would get from posting all prices in advance.
Double-Exchange Enhanced Magnetic Blue-Shift of Mott Gaps

Mohsen Hafez-Torbati,1, ∗ Davide Bossini,2, † Frithjof B. Anders,3, ‡ and Götz S. Uhrig1, § Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik I, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4, 44221 Dortmund, Germany Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik II, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4, 44221 Dortmund, Germany (Dated: December 14, 2021)
Can mobility induce orders in active XY spins on a substrate?

We elucidate that the nearly phase-ordered active XY spins in contact with a conserved, diﬀusing species on a substrate can be stable. For wide-ranging model parameters, it has stable uniform phases robust against noises with orientational order logarithmically stronger or weaker than in equilibrium, together with miniscule (i.e., hyperuniform) or giant number ﬂuctuations, respectively, establishing a direct correspondence between the two. The scaling of both phase and density ﬂuctuations in the stable phase-ordered states is nonuniversal : they depend on the nonlinear dynamical couplings. For other parameters, it has no stable uniformly ordered phase. Our model, a theory for active spinners , provides a minimal framework for wide-ranging systems, e.g., active superﬂuids on substrates, synchronization of oscillators, active carpets of cilia and bacterial ﬂagella, active membranes and sandblasting.
Bigerbes

The bigerbes introduced here give a refinement of the notion of 2-gerbes, representing degree four integral cohomology classes of a space. Defined in terms of bisimplicial line bundles, bigerbes have a symmetry with respect to which they form ‘bundle 2-gerbes’ in two ways; this structure replaces higher associativity conditions. We provide natural examples, including a Brylinski-McLaughlin bigerbe associated to a principal G-bundle for a simply connected simple Lie group. This represents the first Pontryagin class of the bundle, and is the obstruction to the lifting problem on the associated principal bundle over the loop space to the structure group consisting of a central extension of the loop group; in particular, trivializations of this bigerbe for a spin manifold are in bijection with string structures on the original manifold. Other natural examples represent ‘decomposable’ 4-classes arising as cup products, a universal bigerbe on K(Z, 4) involving its based double loop space, and the representation of any 4-class on a space by a bigerbe involving its free double loop space. The generalization to ‘multigerbes’ of arbitrary degree is also described.
Solving the regulator problem for the one-dimensional Schrodinger equation via backstepping

We investigate the regulator problem (tracking and disturbance rejection) for a system (plant) described by a boundary controlled anti-stable linear one-dimensional Schrödinger equation, using the backstepping approach. The output to be controlled is not required to be measurable and its observation operator is assumed to be admissible for a certain operator semigroup that is related to the operator semigroup of the original plant. We consider both the state feedback and the output feedback regulator problem. In the latter case, the measurement from the Schrödinger equation is taken at the boundary. First we show that the open-loop system is well-posed. We design a state feedback control law that solves the regulator problem by the backstepping method. Then, a finite-dimensional reference observer and an infinitedimensional disturbance observer are designed. Putting these together, we obtain an output feedback controller with internal loop that achieves output regulation.
Numerical analysis and experimental investigation of discharge characteristics in a ring dielectric line surface‐wave processing plasma apparatus

Discharge characteristics in ring dielectric line surface‐wave processing plasma (RDL‐SWP) apparatus are studied both numerically and experimentally. To numerically simulate electromagnetic waves in SWP apparatus with a cylindrical discharge chamber such as RDL‐SWP apparatus, a three‐dimensional computer code is developed, employing Cartesian coordinates to allow simulation of both the plasma and rectangular waveguide connected to the chamber. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is the basis of the numerical code. Electron density and temperature profiles are measured experimentally in Ar plasma using a movable single probe and the optical emission patterns are studied. It is found that peaks in the electron density profiles coincide with intense optical emissions. For profiles across bulk plasmas with densities higher than cut‐off, diffusion effects are found to be more dominant than localized plasma effects produced by surface waves. In particular, by comparison of numerical and experimental results, the applicability and limitations of a plasma model in which uniform electron density is assumed are evaluated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(2): 10–20, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10174
Integrated framework for dynamic security analysis

This paper describes an integrated framework for power system dynamic security analysis in both online and the offline modes. In the online mode, the framework allows for the use of efficient techniques for the pre-selection screening and ranking of contingencies and the calculation of relevant operating limits. In the offline mode, this framework can help the operations planner by: providing a friendly graphical user interface; guiding a systematic progression in the decision making process; preparing relevant combinations of available options and adverse power system operating conditions; minimizing inadvertant omissions; performing routine data manipulation; archiving and retrieving information; checking the input data for completeness, consistency and reasonability; and organizing the output results from various cases.
Beyond Cancel Culture: Reflections on the Criticisms of “Comforting Histories”

In 2018, I published in this journal “Beyond Comforting Histories: The Colonial/Imperial Entanglements of the International Institute, Paul Monroe, and Isaac L. Kandel at Teachers College, Columbia University” (“Beyond Comforting Histories” hereafter). My intention was to complicate the much-celebrated founding histories of the field by situating the so-called founding fathers and institution within the broader geopolitical context surrounding the United States in the first few decades of the twentieth century. I argued that the existing historical scholarship tends to describe the early development of the field through uncritical reading of the emerging world order of liberalism (world peace, international understanding, and democracy), which supposedly resulted from the deep remorse of the tragic human consequences of World War I. Neglected in the existing accounts has been the recognition of the concurrent international order of imperialism and racial domination as the constitutive context for the founding narrative. Drawing on Edward Said’s notion of “contrapuntal reading,” the article reread the works of Monroe, Kandel, and the International Institute against the United States’ imperial/ colonial aspirations of the time. My article highlighted the entanglements of modernity and coloniality in the foundational histories of the field and the contradictory nature of educational “development” in which the founding figures were involved at the time. In recent years, “Beyond Comforting Histories” has generated some criticisms, most notably by two historians of the field whose past writings were criticized in the article. In an attempt to refute my work, Liping Bu (2020) published “The Role of the International Institute of Teachers College in the Founding History of American Comparative Education” in Research in Comparative and International Education. Shortly thereafter, Erwin Epstein (2021) published a reflective piece on the history of the field, wherein he refers to Bu’s article in order to cast doubt on the scholarly integrity of “Beyond Comforting
Assessing Public Response to Freeway Roadsides: Urban Forestry and Context-Sensitive Solutions

Social science methods can be used to assess how the public values context-sensitive solutions. The roadside landscape is a public lands resource that has many functions and provides many benefits. Diverse stakeholders may have varied expectations for roadside design. The urban forest is often a contested component of the urban roadside. Two research surveys based on landscape assessment literature were used to assess and quantify public preferences and perceptions with regard to trees in highspeed and freeway roadsides. One photo questionnaire was distributed in urban areas nationally and the other in Washington State. To elicit public attitudes about visual quality and community image, each survey included design visualizations constructed with digitally edited photographs. Research results were consistent across both studies. Respondents judged images with increasing amounts of roadside vegetation, including trees, to have a higher amenity value. The presence of more extensive community greening was as.
Oscillations of pause-burst neurons in the STN correlate with the severity of motor signs in Parkinson's disease

Background. Oscillatory activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is under extensive study. While rhythmic features of local field potentials are implicated in the manifestation of PD motor signs, less is known about single unit activity (SUA). SUA parameters inside the STN show significant heterogeneity, and various firing patterns may contribute unequally to PD pathophysiology. Objectives. We searched for correlations between SUA parameters and PD motor signs, taking neuronal activity patterns into account. Methods. 829 spike trains for STN SUA were recorded during 25 DBS surgeries. We have isolated three firing patterns (tonic, irregular burst and pause-burst) and, using mixed linear models, examined several ISI parameters and burst descriptors (for the last two patterns) for their correlation with the UPDRS 3 score and bradykinesia and rigidity scores on the contralateral body side. Results. The predominance of pause-burst as opposed to tonic activity was associated with an increase in UPDRS 3 score. Oscillation scores in the alpha range correlated with bradykinesia and rigidity scores, and oscillation scores in the beta range correlated with bradykinesia score only for pause-burst neurons, while other patterns showed no correlation with PD motor signs. There was also significant negative correlation between bradykinesia score and theta oscillations for pause-burst pattern. Conclusions. Pause-burst pattern and rhythmic neurons oscillating in the alpha range may affect motor processing in the basal ganglia more prominently than other activity patterns, probably reflecting progressive switching from tonic to burst to rhythmic activity in the parkinsonian state.
A Cochlear Partition Model Incorporating Realistic Electrical and Mechanical Parameters for Outer Hair Cells

The organ of Corti (OC) is believed to optimize the force transmission from the outer hair cell (OHC) to the basilar membrane and inner hair cell. Recent studies showed that the OC has complex modes of deformation. In an effort to understand the consequence of the OC deformation, we developed a fully deformable 3D finite element model of the OC. It incorporates hair bundle's mechano‐transduction and the OHC electrical circuit. Geometric information was taken from the gerbil cochlea at locations with 18 and 0.7 kHz characteristic frequencies. Cochlear partitions of several hundred micrometers long were simulated. The model describes the signature 3D structural arrangement in the OC, especially the tilt of OHC and Deiters cell process. Transduction channel kinetics contributed to the system's mechanics through the hair bundle. The OHC electrical model incorporated the transduction channel conductance, nonlinear capacitance and piezoelectric properties. It also incorporated recent data on the voltage‐depende.
Yeast Double Transporter Gene Deletion Library for Identification of Xenobiotic Carriers in Low or High Throughput

Our library of double transporter deletion strains is a powerful tool for rapid identification of potential drug import and export routes, which can aid in determining the chemical groups necessary for transport via specific carriers. This information may be translated into a better design of drugs for optimal absorption by target tissues and the development of drugs whose utility is less likely to be compromised by the selection of resistant mutants. ABSTRACT The routes of uptake and efflux should be considered when developing new drugs so that they can effectively address their intracellular targets. As a general rule, drugs appear to enter cells via protein carriers that normally carry nutrients or metabolites. A previously developed pipeline that searched for drug transporters using Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants carrying single-gene deletions identified import routes for most compounds tested. However, due to the redundancy of transporter functions, we propose that this methodology can be improved by utilizing double mutant strains in both low- and high-throughput screens. We constructed a library of over 14,000 strains harboring double deletions of genes encoding 122 nonessential plasma membrane transporters and performed low- and high-throughput screens identifying possible drug import routes for 23 compounds. In addition, the high-throughput assay enabled the identification of putative efflux routes for 21 compounds. Focusing on azole antifungals, we were able to identify the involvement of the myo-inositol transporter, Itr1p, in the uptake of these molecules and to confirm the role of Pdr5p in their export. IMPORTANCE Our library of double transporter deletion strains is a powerful tool for rapid identification of potential drug import and export routes, which can aid in determining the chemical groups necessary for transport via specific carriers. This information may be translated into a better design of drugs for optimal absorption by target tissues and the development of drugs whose utility is less likely to be compromised by the selection of resistant mutants.