Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of UAV and Boat Surveys for Detecting Changes in Breeding Population Dynamics of Sea Turtles

Surveying the breeding population of a given species can be difficult for many logistic reasons. Marine turtles are a challenging taxon for the study of reproductive ecology and breeding strategies, because turtles aggregate off-shore and males remain exclusively at sea. For successful management of sea turtle populations, determining operational sex ratios (OSRs) on a continuing basis is critical for determining long-term population viability, particularly in the context of changing hatchling sex ratios due to temperature-dependent sex determination in a warming climate. To understand how survey technique and stage of the breeding season might influence the ability to detect turtles and determine OSRs, we surveyed the presence and identified the sex of adult male and female green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) using a boat and small commercial unoccupied/unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), at the start (October) and peak (December) of a nesting season at an important breeding site at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The ratio of males to females within the breeding ground detected by both survey methods changed from being male-biased in October to heavily female-biased in December, indicating that most males cease their reproductive effort and depart before the peak of the nesting season. Surveying with a UAV more than doubled the rate of turtles seen per minute of survey effort compared with surveying solely from the boat and allowed surveys to be conducted at times and/or places unsafe or inaccessible for boats. The sex of a slightly greater proportion of turtles seen could not be identified by observers using a UAV versus a boat, although more turtles were detected using the UAV. The departure of many males during the peak of the nesting season is likely due to an increasing biological cost of residency in the area because males encounter fewer receptive females as the season progresses and the limited foraging opportunity is insufficient to support the number of males present. Overall, we found that UAVs are an effective tool for studying important but difficult to observe aspects of sea turtle biology.
Comparing the Effectiveness of the Treatment with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed By Interval Debulking and Primary Debulking Followed By Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Advanced Stage Malignant Ovarian Tumors: A Rural Based Study

Background: Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is also a poorly prognosed condition with elevated death rate The management of advanced ovarian carcinoma is surgical debulking which is followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Prognosis reflects primarily on the level of cytoreduction obtained in primary surgery. In order to enhance survival, attempts are therefore being made to increase the optimal rates of surgical cytoreduction. NACT has emerged as an important treatment modality. The reasoning behind the NACT protocol is to make advanced untreatable disease operable, increase resection rates of optimal cyto reduction (R0) and promote organ preservation. The application of neo adjuvant chemotherapy will structurally reduce the load of the tumour because of the chemo sensitive nature of the ovarian tissue and enable a greater optimal cytoreduction rate for surgery and an increase in overall survival. Methods: This observational and retrospective study was conducted from 2018-2020, including 71 patients who visited the oncology clinic of OBGY department at AVBRH. Only those who have already diagnosed as stage III and IV ovarian neoplasms and who received primary debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy along with neo adjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval de-bulking surgery were included to study the better treatment outcome in terms of intra-operative and post-operative complications and over all and survival without progression in these patients with a follow-up of 2 years. Results: The statistical difference in ooverall survival and progression free survival between primary debulking and NAC / IDS groups was >0.005. But intra operative findings like blood loss, residual disease. Bowel bladder injury, surgery time & post-operative morbidity were less in NAC/IDS group with P value <0.005. Conclusion: In patients having cytoreducible disease which is non optimal or low performance status, NAC / IDS is also a reasonably secure and may be an alternative method for achieving optimal cytoreduction. Investigations aimed at appropriately selecting patients to be treated with NAC and to search for the proper opportunity to conduct IDS can have much better benefits for patients having advanced EOC. It should be underscored that the study is limited to patients with stage 3c or 4 disease.
Predicting sustainable consumption behavior: knowledge-based, value-based, emotional and rational influences on mobile phone, food and fashion consumption

ABSTRACT Increasing sustainable consumption practices of individuals constitutes a crucial pillar of the global sustainable development strategy. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine psychological influences from different research streams and their incremental predictive value for sustainable consumption. In two studies, knowledge-based, value-based, emotional and rational factors were considered to predict sustainable consumption behavior of mobile phones, food and fashion. Survey data were obtained from an online panel (Study 1: N = 101, Study 2: N = 304). Multiple regression results showed that value-based, emotional and rational factors contributed significantly to the prediction of sustainable consumption in both studies and all product groups. Problem awareness was a significant predictor only for food consumption. To improve the explained variance and detect different patterns of prediction, influencing factors were included into the prediction in varying order. Hierarchical regression results showed that a joint consideration of factors from different theoretical streams improved the prediction and that product-specific patterns emerged. The findings support the need to jointly consider different influencing factors for the prediction of sustainable consumption. Understanding the drivers and obstacles of sustainable consumption constitutes the basis for educational measures or marketing interventions. The present study contributes to gaining product-specific knowledge which is pivotal for tailoring such measures to different consumption areas.
EMOTIONAL ENGAGEMENT, BUT NOT TRANSPORTATION LEADS TO HIGHER EMPATHY AFTER READING A FICTIONAL STORY, IN MORE AGREEABLE PARTICIPANTS

Research from different disciplines points to a positive relationship between reading fiction and empathy. Some studies also focus on potential moderators of this relationship, such as individual personality differences and how the individual engages with the fictional text in terms of transportation. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether reading-induced affective empathy can be explained by personality traits, namely Agreeableness, and Emotional engagement, and Transportation. Participants were 132 undergraduate and graduate students, who read a short fictional story by J. Joyce and after that completed a set of questionnaires, containing measures of Big Five personality traits, Emotional engagement, Transportation and affective Empathy. Results show that there is a strong positive relationship between Agreeableness and story-induced Empathy and that this relationship can be partially explained by Emotional engagement. Transportation, on the other hand, did not show to be an important variable in the relationship of Agreeableness and story-induced Empathy, neither did it show to be a significant factor in this relationship when Emotional engagement was included. This study provides information for additional understanding of the relationship between reading fiction and empathy through the investigation of its mediators.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SERVICE DELIVERY IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS: THE ROLE OF SCHOOL NEEDS IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE AND TENDERING PROCESS

Despite the Kenyan government allocation of billions of shillings to schools each year and the existing legal frameworks, service delivery has been faced with irregular procurement procedures. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of service delivery in public secondary schools with a school needs identification procedure and tendering process perspective. Guided by the Agency Theory and Cultural Theory, the study adopted descriptive survey method design and carried out in Likoni sub-county, Mombasa. With a sample size of 116 respondents, questionnaires were administered among schools’ principals, deputies, bursars and storekeepers. The instrument was examined for reliability at a correlation coefficient of . 73. Data analysis entailed descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS Version 24.0. The study findings showed that the element of needs identification plays a role in the culmination of the requirements which in turn has effect on service delivery in public secondary schools. The study also revealed that the influence of tendering process on service delivery is insignificant at level . 05 and concludes that there is no significant relationship between tendering process and service delivery. Article visualizations:
Simulation of sliver blending and evaluation of blending irregularity

The quality of blended yarn depends on the uniformity of the blending of the multi-component fibers in the yarn, and sliver blending is a process necessary for mixing fibers. The movement of fibers directly affects the distribution and mixing of fibers in the sliver. In this paper, the sliver blending process was simulated, and a method for the evaluation of sliver blending irregularity was proposed. The effects of passages of drawing and blending ratio on the sliver mixing uniformity were studied and verified both by experiment and simulation. The results show that the blending irregularity decreases gradually and tends to be stable with the increase of the passages of blending drawing. The more similar the blending ratio of the two components with approximately equal linear densities, the easier it is for the component fibers to mix evenly in the sliver. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured values and previous research results. In addition, the blending irregularity of fiber components in the blended sliver can be predicted by the simulation method.
Reducing the glycaemic index and increasing the slowly digestible starch content in gluten‐free cereal‐based foods: a review

Summary Commercially available gluten-free (GF) cereal-based foods are generally characterised by a lower nutritional quality than their gluten-containing counterparts, relatively lower resistant starch (RS) content, along with higher glycaemic index (GI) often being reported. To overcome this nutritional imbalance, extensive research has been conducted to investigate the preparation of a new generation of staple GF products. This review reported the main strategies currently adopted in GF cereal-based food recipes to formulate products with overall slowly digestible starch properties. They are mainly obtained by the utilisation of alternative ingredients to be incorporated into standard food formulation (including native starch and GF flours) or by technological treatments that may contribute to impact starch digestibility. Considering data from in vitro digestion trials, indications suggested that, aiming to obtain a RS content of about 5% (dry weight) and lowering the in vitro GI values, the minimum high amylose starch (amylose >60%) replacement level in GF bread and cookie formulations should be in the order of 20% by weight of total flours. Overall, with respect to un-substituted GF foods, two- to three-times higher RS contents, along with a parallel in vitro GI decrease (up to −50%), were obtained for GF pasta and ready-to-eat snacks enriched with legume flours at inclusion levels from 40% to 100% by weight of total flours. The use of flours from pseudocereals (e.g., quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat) with and without sourdough did not always guarantee favourably slowly digestible starch GF foods.
Timing matters: Distinct effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application timing on root system architecture responses

Abstract Aims Although different plant foraging responses to the two macronutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are well researched, the effect of timing of fertilizer application on root system architecture (RSA) remains largely unknown. We, therefore, aimed to understand how RSA of Hordeum vulgare L. responds to timing of N and P application. Methods Plants were grown in rhizoboxes for 38 days in nutrient‐poor soil and watered with nutrient solution, lacking either N or P, with the absent nutrient applied once either 2/3/4 weeks after sowing. Positive controls were continuously receiving N and P and a negative control receiving both N and P only after 3 weeks. We tracked root growth over time, measured plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Results Late N application strongly reduced total root biomass and visible root length compared with continuous NP and late P application. Root mass fractions (total root biomass/total plant biomass) remained similar over all treatments, but relative allocation (% of total root biomass) was higher in lower depth with late N application. Shoot P concentrations remained relatively stable, but the plants receiving P later had higher N concentrations. Conclusions Late N application had overall more negative effects on early plant growth compared with late P. We propose that future studies under field conditions should try to disentangle the effect of timing from the nutrient availability on RSA responses and hence ultimately plant performance.
Forest insects and the binary power law

Hughes and Madden's binary power law was used to analyse sample data of three life stages of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) and adult emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), both important invasive forest pests in North America. Tally thresholds were used to convert quantitative gypsy moth data to binomial, presence–absence data for binary power law analysis. Presence–absence data from two emerald ash borer surveys were analysed, an initial highly intensive and expensive survey expanding out from the point of introduction in Michigan and a second extensive survey designed to detect and track the leading edge of the beetle's expanding range. Emerald ash borer was found to be moderately aggregated in the initial survey data, but very near to random in the leading edge survey. The latter result is consistent with other findings that spatial distribution is less aggregated at range edges than near the centre of the range. Estimates of the proportion of positive observations in the initial intensive survey were found to be more precise than those obtained in the leading edge survey. Comparisons of binomial power law estimates and Taylor's power law estimates of the gypsy moth data suggest the possibility of a fundamental connection between the two power laws. A possible connection, the effect of tally thresholds and their relationship with sampling efficiency are discussed.
Critical assessment of occupational health hazard in hospitality industry in Kano state, Nigeria

Background: It is a known fact that different occupations are occupied with different forms of hazard. Regardless to the nature, size and the enterprise scope of operation, the occupations available in the enterprise are no doubt associated with one form of hazard or the other. The purpose of this study was to critically assess the occupational hazard in hospitality industry in Kano state.Methods: A total of 384 people from the selected hotels were recruited to form the sample of the study using simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection in the study was self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: In this study 50.0% of the respondents were ≤25 years and 54.9% of the respondents were male. More than three-fifths (64.0%) were civil servants, and most of the respondents (63.0%) were single. About 53.4% of them had tertiary level of education and above. Slightly below four-fifths (79.9%) of the respondents knew about physical work hazard and 75.0% of them were aware that physical work hazard can cause ailment and subsequently ill-health to employees and customers. Close to seven-tenths (69.8%) of the respondents understood what is meant by biological factors when issue relating to work hazard is being addressed. Little above half (53.4%) of the respondents knew what chemical hazard is all about and 75.8% of the respondents mentioned that if workable measures are implemented, this will reduce the occurrence of work related hazards.Conclusions: There is lack of proper knowledge regarding the physical, chemical and biological hazards among the study participants. Government must provide suitable and enforcement laws that will enforce laws towards sustainable organizational safety.
Intercomparison of drift correction alternatives for CMIP5 decadal precipitation

Decadal experiments' output of the coupled model inter‐comparison project phase‐5 (CMIP5) contains significant model drift. For practical use of CMIP5 decadal climate variables, it is necessary to correct this model drift. In previous studies, drift correction of CMIP5 decadal data of temperature and temperature‐based climate indices have been investigated, but there is no study that investigated the drift correction of decadal precipitation at a catchment scale. This study investigates the practical use of CMIP5 decadal precipitation data on seasonal scale using different drift correction alternatives for Brisbane catchment in Australia. For this, decadal monthly precipitation data from eight GCMs (EC‐EARTH, MRI‐CGCM3, MPI‐ESM‐LR, MPI‐ESM‐MR, MIROC4h, MIROC5 and CanCM4) were cut for the Australian region. By using the bi‐linear interpolation, the GCM data were re‐gridded to 0.05° × 0.05° spatial resolution matching with the observed gridded precipitation data collected from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Both model and observed data were subset for the Brisbane catchment and aggregated into seasonal means for Australian seasons. Four drift correction alternatives including one new modified method were employed for the selected GCM models and the models were categorized based on their performances using different skill scores. The results revealed that the performance of drift correction alternatives vary among different models and initialization years. Although some drift correction methods showed better performances than others for a given model but it is still difficult to suggest the most suitable method for seasonal precipitation. Drift correction approaches for other time scales such as monthly precipitation, and their application for individual ensemble members may be investigated further to better understand the implications of alternative drift corrections for decadal forecasting.
NASA CERES Spurious Calibration Drifts Corrected by Lunar Scans to Show the Sun Is not Increasing Global Warming and Allow Immediate CRF Detection

Orbital Earth Radiation Budget measurement comparisons to models, are critical for climate prediction confidence. Satellite systems must reduce calibration drifts for this purpose. NASA Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) measures Earth albedo reductions that if correct, would increase solar forcing and suggest greater sunlight absorption is driving much of recent temperature increases. Such results are presented, alongside those from the Moon and Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (MERBE). MERBE uses constant lunar reflectivity for tracking and compensation of instrument telescope degradation, undetectable by CERES. MERBE finds Earth albedo constant compared to that of the Moon, because Arctic solar warming effects are balanced by solar cooling elsewhere, likely due to negative feedbacks. Contrary to NASA, this shows the Sun is not increasing warming and that CERES results are not as stable as claimed and assumed. Furthermore, MERBE can actually resolve Cloud Radiative Forcing (CRF) signals from the existing record, rather than in decades with official observations.
Effects of Nutrient Antagonism and Synergism on Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Interaction among plant nutrients can yield antagonistic or synergistic outcomes that influence nutrient use efficiency. To provide insight on this phenomenon, peer-reviewed articles were selected that quantified the interaction effects of nutrients on crop yield levels. In total 94 articles were selected that described 117 interactions between all macro- and micronutrients for different agricultural crops. In 43 cases the interaction was synergistic, in 17 cases the interaction was antagonistic, and in 35 cases the interaction was zero-interaction; the other 23 cases were non-significant (16) or showed a negative response (7). Generally: (a) when the availability of two nutrients is characterized as deficient, a large increase in yield can be expected by diminishing these deficiencies: (b) for most macronutrients the mutual interactions on yield levels are synergistic; and (c) antagonistic effects on yield are often found for divalent cations. Knowledge of nutrient interactions can guide fertilizer design and optimization of fertilization strategies for high yields and high nutrient use efficiencies.
Sex Disparities in Sentencing and Judges’ Beliefs: A Vignette Approach

ABSTRACT The predominant theories on courtroom decision-making explain extralegal disparities with the courtroom actors’ use of stereotypes. We conducted a vignette study on a sample of judges at the Chinese National Judges College, manipulated the sex of the defendant in each vignette, then asked the subjects for the recommended sentence. The survey also contained a series of questions on the beliefs about the causes of crime, the patterns of criminal behaviors, and the effectiveness of punishment. We found that the judges recommended significantly less harsh sentences for the female homicide defendant, but recommended significantly harsher sentences for both female defrauding and drug trafficking defendants. We also found little evidence that the perception and belief variables were confounders behind the observed sex disparities.