Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Best institutional practices for farmworker and community equity-sharing schemes in South Africa.

Farmworker equity-share schemes were initiated by the private sector in the Western Cape region of South Africa in the early 1990's as a method of redistributing farm assets to land reform beneficiaries while maintaining the viability of commercial farming operations. This study set out to identify the institutional characteristics of successful farmworker equity-share schemes in South Africa, and to discern a set of best institutional practices that will likely promote the success offuture equity-share schemes. A detailed study of nine commercial farming ventures involving partnerships with farmworkers was undertaken in the Western Cape during November 2001 to explore relationships between their institutional arrangements, worker empowerment, management quality and performance. Farmworker equity-share schemes (FWES) have received both positive and negative publicity. This thesis adds to the debate surrounding these land reform projects by comparing the results ofcase studies conducted by the Surplus People's Project in 1998 with more recent (2001) case studies. The latter suggest that many of the concerns raised by the Surplus People's Project, such as beneficiaries ' participation and expectations, power relations between management and worker-shareholders, skills transfer and labour relations, have been addressed. The dissertation also highlights those issues that remain areas or concern, li.lr example, beneficiaries" tenure security, literacy levels amongst worker shareholders, skill and wage differences between men and women, and exit
Conceptual modelling to assess how the interplay of hydrological connectivity, catchment storage and tracer dynamics controls nonstationary water age estimates

Although catchment storage is an intrinsic control on the rainfall–runoff response of streams, direct measurement remains a major challenge. Coupled models that integrate long‐term hydrometric and isotope tracer data are useful tools that can provide insights into the dynamics of catchment storage and the volumes of water involved. In this study, we use a tracer‐aided hydrological model to characterize catchment storage as a dynamic control on system function related to streamflow generation, which also allows direct estimation of the nonstationarity of water ages. We show that in a wet Scottish upland catchment dominated by runoff generation from riparian peats (histosols) with high water storage, nonstationarity in water age distributions is only clearly detectable during more extreme wet and dry periods. This is explained by the frequency and longevity of hydrological connectivity and the associated relative importance of flow paths contributing younger or older waters to the stream. Generally, these saturated riparian soils represent large mixing zones that buffer the time variance of water age and integrate catchment‐scale partial mixing processes. Although storage simulations depend on model performance, which is influenced by input variability and the degree of isotopic damping in the stream, a longer‐term storage analysis of this model indicates a system that is only sensitive to more extreme hydroclimatic variability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Earth's pre-Pleistocene glacial record

Part I. Introduction: 1. Stratigraphic time scale 2. Criteria for the identification of glacigenic deposits 3. Terminology 4. Glossary Part II. Invited Papers: 5. Africa 6. Antarctica 7. Asia 8. Europe 9. North America 10. South America Part III. Summary and Abstracted Data: 11. Summary of Earth's pre-Pleistocene glacial record 12. Summary of radiometric data 13. Abstract of principal palaeomagnetic data Part IV. Indices.
Biogeomorphology of tidal landforms: physical and biological processes shaping the tidal landscape

We analyse the equilibrium states and transient dynamics of tidal biogeomorphic systems, such as lagoons and estuaries, in response to variations in the governing physical and biological forcings, such as tidal range, wind climate, sediment supply, vegetation, and microphytobenthos growth, and rates of relative sea level rise (RSLR). We use a point model of the coupled elevation–vegetation dynamics, which retains the description of the chief processes shaping these systems. We observe that salt marshes exposed to large tidal ranges are more stable, and therefore more resilient to increasing rates of RSLR, than marshes subjected to low tidal ranges. Furthermore, subtidal platforms in macrotidal systems are less exposed to wind‐induced erosion processes than their counterparts in systems with smaller tidal fluctuations. Notably, we find that vegetation crucially affects both the equilibrium marsh elevation, through dissipation of wind waves and organic accumulation, and marsh resilience to accelerations in RSLR rates. Moreover, the biomass production as a function of elevation associated with the presence of different vegetation species, as opposed to mono‐specific vegetation covers, increases marsh stability and resilience in the face of increasing rates of RSLR. Finally, our results show that the existence and stability of equilibrium states fundamentally depend on the local wind and tidal regime, even within the same tidal system, with important biogeomorphic implications. In summary, our model analyses of physical and biological controls of tidal system dynamics highlight the importance of accounting for biogeomorphic feedback to obtain realistic representations of the system dynamics in response to climatic changes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A semi‐Lagrangian water temperature model for advection‐dominated river systems

This paper describes a one‐dimensional stream temperature model that is computationally efficient and highly scalable in both time and space. The model is developed within the framework of state space structure. The time‐dependent equations for the conservation of thermal energy in a flowing stream or river are solved using a mixed Eulerian‐Lagrangian, or semi‐Lagrangian, numerical scheme. Solutions are obtained by tracking individual water parcels along their flow characteristics and storing the simulated results at discrete points on a fixed grid. Computational efficiency and accuracy of the numerical scheme are demonstrated by comparison of model estimates with observations of stream temperatures from rivers in the Pacific Northwest as well as with results from a closed‐form solution of the energy equation. A preliminary analysis of the impact of climate changes on stream temperature in the Columbia River system illustrates the strengths of the semi‐Lagrangian method for addressing water quality issues of regional, national, and, ultimately, global scale. Further development of the semi‐Lagrangian method has the potential to improve the ability of water quality planners to perform uncertainty analysis, risk analysis, and forecasting for large, complex river systems.
Style and rate of Holocene slip, Palos Verdes fault, southern

Recent studies of the Palos Verdes fault in the Los Angeles Outer Harbor characterize the fault's Holocene activity. The studies included areal and local geophysical surveys, as well as drilling, sampling, and dating of the subsurface materials. The studies identify the fault's location in the shallow subsurface, document evidence of Holocene strike-slip, quantify dip-slip versus sediment age, and quantify the net slip where an early Holocene paleochannel crosses the fault. The slip rate for the Palos Verdes fault is constrained to between 2.7 and 3 mm/yr for the past 7.8 to 8 ka. Because the new evidence shows that the Palos Verdes fault has one of the highest slip rates in the Los Angeles basin, the studies provide significant new insight into the regional tectonics and the seismic risk of the Los Angeles region. Using this rate of slip and segmentation models for the fault, the coastal Los Angeles region can expect an MW 7 to 7.2 event about every 400 to 900 years from this potential seismic source.
EFFECT OF PLANTING PATTERNS, MULCHES AND SOIL MOISTURE REGIMES ON GROWTH AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.)

A two year study was made to find out the effect of planting patterns, organic mulches and soil moisture regimes on growth and yield attributes of maize. Normal planting with irrigation in all furrows resulted significantly higher growth and yield attributes followed by double file planting in deep furrows. Lowest values of growth and yield attributes were observed in normal planting with irrigation in alternate furrows. Paddy straw application at the rate of 8 t/ha improved the plant height, shoot dry matter production, and all the yield attributes of maize in both the years. The influence of moisture regimes on growth and yield attributes was found to be signifi- cant in both the years. Irrigation at 40% ASMD performed best followed by 60% and 80% ASMD. Double file planting in deep furrows, full mulch and irrigation. scheduling at 40% ASMD were efficient in utilising the available moisture for achiev ing higher water-use-efficiency.
Recognizing Aboriginal Title: The Mabo Case and Indigenous Resistance to English-Settler Colonialism

A judicial revolution occurred in 1992 when Australia's highest court discarded a doctrine that had stood for two hundred years, that the country was a terra nullius - a land of no one - when the white man arrived. The proceedings were known as the Mabo Case, named for Eddie Koiki Mabo, the Torres Strait Islander who fought the notion that the Australian Aboriginal people did not have a system of land ownership before European colonization. The case had international repercussions, especially on the four countries in which English-settlers are the dominant population: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States.In Recognizing Aboriginal Title, Peter H. Russell offers a comprehensive study of the Mabo case, its background, and its consequences, contextualizing it within the international struggle of Indigenous peoples to overcome their colonized status. Russell weaves together an historical narrative of Mabo's life with an account of the legal and ideological premises of European imperialism and their eventual challenge by the global forces of decolonization. He traces the development of Australian law and policy in relation to Aborigines, and provides a detailed examination of the decade of litigation that led to the Mabo case.Mabo died at the age of fifty-six just five months before the case was settled. Although he had been exiled from his land over a dispute when he was a teenager, he was buried there as a hero. Recognizing Aboriginal Title is a work of enormous importance by a legal and constitutional scholar of international renown, written with a passion worthy of its subject - a man who fought hard for his people and won.
Implementation of the project-based learning model to improve sefl efficacy and student learning outcomes

This study aimed to determine the application of the project-based learning model to self-efficacy and student learning outcomes in the botany Phanerogamae course. The research method used in this study is the PTK method or Classroom Action Research. The subjects in this study are students of the Biology Education study program STKIP Al Amin Dompu, even in the semester 2022/2023. The instruments used in this study are lumbar instruments of student self-efficacy and instruments of student learning outcomes. The analysis used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that applying the project-based learning model can improve student learning outcomes and self-efficacy. The self-efficacy of students in the botany Phanerogamae course in the pre-cycle was 49.12%; in the first cycle, it was 78.95%, and in the second cycle, it was 91.23%. Meanwhile, student learning outcomes have also improved. In the pre-cycle, it was 47.37%, cycle I was 78.95%, and cycle II was 89.47%.
Trainable Weights for Multitask Learning

The research on multi-task learning has been steadily increasing due to its advantages, such as preventing overfitting, averting catastrophic forgetting, solving multiple inseparable tasks, and coping with data shortage. Here, we question whether to incorporate different orderings of feature levels based on distinct characteristics of tasks and their interrelationships in multitask learning. While in many classification tasks, leveraging the features extracted from the last layer is common, we thought that given different characteristics of tasks there might be a need to encompass different representation levels, i.e., different orderings of feature levels. Hence, we utilized the knowledge of different representation levels by features extracted from the various blocks of the main module and applied trainable parameters as weights on the features. This indicates that we optimized the solution to the question by learning to weigh the features in a task-specific manner and solving tasks with a combination of newly weighted features. Our method SimPara presents a modular topology of multitask learning that is efficient in terms of memory and computation, effective, and easily applicable to diverse tasks or models. To show that our approach is task-agnostic and highly applicable, we demonstrate its effectiveness in auxiliary task learning, active learning, and multilabel learning settings. This work underscores that by simply learning weights to better order the features learned by a single backbone, we can incur better task-specific performance of the model.
Dealing confidently with feedback: the impact of a Grow Your Academic Resilience workshop

A key concern for educators is that students actively receive, engage with, and implement their academic feedback. However, increasing evidence suggests that students in HE do not engage well with feedback. One way to address this concern is to look at how we can develop feedback literacy in students, which requires a level of academic resilience. Resilience in an academic context is known to increase retention and students’ engagement in their learning, as well as supporting workplace readiness. This research looks at students’ readiness and willingness to engage with their academic feedback and assesses whether learning about academic resilience can improve feedback engagement. Two cohorts of students were identified to take part in a Grow Your Academic Resilience (GYAR) Workshop. Using a mixed methods approach, participants were invited to complete a pre- and post-session questionnaire. Participants quantitatively rated their pre- and post-session confidence about dealing constructively with academic feedback, while free-text responses provided qualitative data. Findings suggest that offering students practical tools and strategies increases their willingness and confidence in engaging with and acting upon their feedback.
Fundamental Political and Constitutional Norms: Hong Kong and Macau Compared

On 20 December 2009, President Hu Jintao praised Macau for its successful implementation of the One Country Two Systems model. This was interpreted by some as drawing an implicit comparison between Hong Kong and Macau with Beijing favouring the latter’s interpretation and implementation of One Country Two Systems. This article evaluates the core values and autonomy entrenched within Hong Kong during British colonial rule and Macau during Portuguese colonial rule and ascertains the extent to which these factors have shaped the different modes of constitutional development in Hong Kong and Macau post-Handover. The author argues that the One Country Two Systems framework, with its emphasis on a ‘high degree of autonomy’ and ‘life shall remain unchanged’, means that any contemporary comparisons drawn between Hong Kong and Macau must take into account the unique (and very different) political and constitutional norms left behind by their respective colonial masters. The author argues that a more balanced view must be taken and that constitutional issues must also be viewed in light of norms established by the colonial rule of the past.
Middle Devonian Stratigraphy and Conodont Biostratigraphy, North-Central Ohio

Devonian sedimentation in north-central Ohio began in warm, somewhat restricted seas in which the Bois Blanc and Amherstburg formations (latest Early to earliest Middle Devonian) accumulated. Increased restriction, reflected by the Lucas Dolomite facies, prevailed until middle costatus-2.one time when marine transgression initiated deposition of the Columbus Limestone. A wave-erosional episode left a disconformity atop the Columbus that truncates the lower australis Zone near Sandusky and progressively lower levels southward; the uppermost costatus Zone is thus missing in central Ohio. The Delaware Limestone represents a transgressive-regressive cycle, apparently during kockelianus-'Z.one time, which was followed by an extensive erosional period in which three endemic species of Icriodus died out. The Plum Brook Shale is in the upper ensensis Zone (lowest upper Middle Devonian) and reflects the If T-R cycle. The Prout Dolomite contains a Middle varcus Subzone fauna and represents the Ila T-R cycle (Taghanic onlap). Regional correlatives of the Prout currently assigned to the Lower varcus Subzone are probably of Middle-varcus age. Considerable disagreement exists between the fairly extensive Middle Devonian conodont-biostratigraphic data in the Lake Erie region and recent correlations based on volcanic ash beds and/or geophysical logs. OHIO J. SCI. 88 (1): 2-18, 1988
Ethnicity maintenance : its contingent nature and impact on health : case studies of second generation Poles in the West Midlands (UK) and South Michigan (US)

OBJECTIVES My topic of research is a comparative study of ethnicity and (selected) health patterns among second generation Poles (and to a lesser extent, first generation Poles), looked at by means of two case studies, one in the UK and one in the USA. I examine the level of ethnicity (cultural) maintenance in a white - assumed assimilated - minority ethnic group in two specific geographic locations and therefore the context specific nature of ethnicity maintenance. I also examine whether it is possible to assess the impact of such maintenance on their personal health, well-being, and quality of life. METHODS My research design includes a (smaller, post WWII) selection of first generation UK and USA Polish respondents who act as point of reference, and allow me to define within this study, the parameters of the cultural 'nuances' in question. My design allows for the assessment of any evidence of ethnic self-identity and a common sub-cultural identity, as well as any differences between the two groups of respondents in relation to their respective degrees of co-operation, and accommodation problems, with host groups. The collection of data is operationalized via multiple methods, including questionnaires. I employ the use of qualitative, quantitative, and ethnographic elements, thus allowing for multidimensional analysis of selected issues. Comparisons are made with extant data from both the host ( indigenous) communities. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Empirical results bore out variations in the degree of maintained ethnic lifestyles, across a range of social groups. Some of the differences can be explained by the different environments (UK and USA), as well as the diasporic nature of the first generation's immigration experiences. Qualitative and ethnographic evidence was found to be crucial in explaining the various affective ethnic nuances that quantitative methods are unable to reveal, such as the pervasive impact that the first generation's diasporic experiences, as well as the nature of the Polish exiled community, have had on the second generation, both in the UK and the USA, and their respective qualities of life. This study has indicated that maintaining one's ethnic roots can for these individuals be just as problematic, although in differing ways, as for members of non-white ethnic minorities.
Geographic Patterns of Land Use and Land Intensity in the Brazilian Amazon

Using census data from the Censo Agropecuario 1995-96, the authors map indicators of current land use, and agricultural productivity across Brazil's Legal Amazon, These data permit geographical resolution about ten times finer than afforded by"municipio"data, used in previous studies. The authors focus on the extent, and productivity of pasture, the dominant land use in Amazonia today. Simple tabulations suggest that most agricultural land in Amazonia yields little private economic value. Nearly ninety percent of agricultural land is either devoted to pasture, or has been out of use for more than four years. About forty percent of the currently used pastureland, has a stocking ratio of less that 0.5 cattle per hectare. Tabulations also show a skewed distribution of land ownership: almost half of Amazonian farmland is located in the one percent of properties that contain more than two thousand hectares. Multivariate analyses relate forest conversion, and pasture productivity to precipitation, soil quality, infrastructure, and market access, proximity to past conversion, and protection status. The authors find precipitation to have a strong deterrent effect on agriculture. The probability that land is currently claimed, or used for agriculture, or intensively stocked with cattle, declines substantially with increasing precipitation levels, holding other factors (such as road access) constant. Proxies for land abandonment are also higher in high rainfall areas. Together these findings suggest that the wetter Western Amazon is inhospitable to exploitation for pasture, using current technologies. On the other hand, land conversion, and stocking rates are positively correlated with proximity to past clearing. This suggests that in the areas of active deforestation in eastern Amazonia, the frontier is not :hollow:, and land use intensifies over time. But this area remains a mosaic of lands with higher, and lower potential agricultural value.
DAMPAK POLUSI PARTIKEL DEBU DAN GAS KENDARAAN BERMOTOR PADA VOLUME DAN KAPASITAS PARU

Abstract: The increasing number of vehicles which increase air pollution has negative impacts on global health, especially that of lung problems. Nowadays, people’s mobility is fast and variable, needing better and more environmentally friendly transportation, without neglecting the socio-economic aspect. These are the reasons to develop better and more environmentally related transportation facilities. By understanding air pollution mechanisms, and kinds of particles and pollutants from vehicles, we will appreciate and pay more attention to our environment, especially in urban areas. Collaboration among health and government related departments has to be improved to regulate the use of inner city vehicles, so that it can decrease lung problems. Key words: air pollution, transportation, dust particles, urban environment. Abstrak: Bertambahnya jumlah kendaraan bermotor seiring dengan bertambahnya polusi udara, dan menimbulkan masalah global, yang berdampak negatif antara lain masalah kesehatan paru. Mobilitas manusia semakin beragam sehingga diperlukan dukungan sistem transportasi yang makin baik pula serta akrab lingkungan, tanpa mengabaikan segi sosio-ekonomi. Oleh karena itu sistem transportasi ini perlu dikembangkan menjadi sistem transportasi yang berkelanjutan. Diharapkan dengan mengetahui batasan polusi udara, jenis, serta dampak partikel debu dan gas kendaraan bermotor bagi kesehatan manusia akan membuat kita lebih mencintai dan memperhatikan lingkugan hidup kita, khususnya sekitar perkotaan. Perana kerjasama lintas sektoral untuk mengatasi polusi partikel debu dan gas buangan perlu ditingkatkan Pengaturan kendaraan layak beroperasi akan menekan mening-katnya kasus infeksi atau gangguan saluran napas. Kata kunci: polusi udara, transportasi, partikel debu, lingkungan perkotaan.