Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current Evidence for Corynebacterium on the Ocular Surface

Corynebacterium species are commonly found in the conjunctiva of healthy adults and are recognized as non-pathogenic bacteria. In recent years, however, Corynebacterium species have been reported to be potentially pathogenic in various tissues. We investigated Corynebacterium species on the ocular surface and reviewed various species of Corynebacterium in terms of their antimicrobial susceptibility and the underlying molecular resistance mechanisms. We identified a risk for Corynebacterium-related ocular infections in patients with poor immunity, such as patients with diabetes or long-term users of topical steroids, and in those with corneal epithelial damage due to trauma, contact lens wear, lagophthalmos, and trichiasis. The predominant strain in the conjunctiva was C. macginleyi, and the species associated with keratitis and conjunctivitis were C. macginleyi, C. propinquum, C. mastitidis, C. pseudodiphtheriticum, C. accolens, C. striatum, C. xerosis, and C. bovis. Overall, Corynebacterium species present on the ocular surface were resistant to quinolones, whereas those in the nasal cavity were more susceptible. The prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Corynebacterium has not changed in the past 10 years; however, Corynebacterium species remain susceptible to third-generation cephems. In conclusion, the use of third-generation cephems should be a reasonable and pragmatic approach for treatment of ocular infections caused by Corynebacterium species.
Rapid Validation of Whole-Slide Imaging for Primary Histopathology Diagnosis.

OBJECTIVES The ongoing global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic necessitates adaptations in the practice of surgical pathology at scale. Primary diagnosis by whole-slide imaging (WSI) is a key component that would aid departments in providing uninterrupted histopathology diagnosis and maintaining revenue streams from disruption. We sought to perform rapid validation of the use of WSI in primary diagnosis meeting recommendations of the College of American Pathologists guidelines. METHODS Glass slides from clinically reported cases from 5 participating pathologists with a preset washout period were digitally scanned and reviewed in settings identical to typical reporting. Cases were classified as concordant or with minor or major disagreement with the original diagnosis. Randomized subsampling was performed, and mean concordance rates were calculated. RESULTS In total, 171 cases were included and distributed equally among participants. For the group as a whole, the mean concordance rate in sampled cases (n = 90) was 83.6% counting all discrepancies and 94.6% counting only major disagreements. The mean pathologist concordance rate in sampled cases (n = 18) ranged from 90.49% to 97%. CONCLUSIONS We describe a novel double-blinded method for rapid validation of WSI for primary diagnosis. Our findings highlight the occurrence of a range of diagnostic reproducibility when deploying digital methods.
Uncertainty in the Time of Corona: Precautionary Adherence, Fear, and Anxiety in New York City During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ABSTRACT The recent COVID-19 pandemic is having profound impacts on every sector of society, and New York City (NYC) emerged as an early epicenter of the disease. Given the novelty and scale of the disease, information surrounding COVID-19 has been marked by considerable uncertainty and confusion. Although various factors have been associated with COVID-19 distress, little is known about the relations between levels of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and anxiety symptoms and behaviors. This cross-sectional study sought to examine potential correlates and pathways between anxiety and precautionary behaviors with the two levels of IU: prospective and inhibitory. Individuals from NYC (N = 99) completed an online survey through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Findings revealed that fear of COVID-19 accounts for associations between prospective IU and greater anxiety symptoms and behaviors, whereas precaution adherence accounts for associations between prospective IU and reduced anxiety symptoms and behaviors. In addition, precaution adherence accounts for associations between inhibitory IU and greater anxiety symptoms and behaviors. The results shed light on ways in which variations in IU may be associated with anxiety symptoms and behaviors in the context of COVID-19 and future pandemic scenarios.
Two weeks of detraining reduces cardiopulmonary function and muscular fitness in endurance athletes

ABSTRACT We investigated the effects of 2 weeks of detraining on cardiopulmonary function and muscular fitness in 15 endurance-trained male athletes (age: 19–26 years; height: 176.1 ± 7.5 cm; body mass: 68.3 ± 7.6 kg). VO2max, exercise time to exhaustion (ET), maximal stroke volume (SVmax), maximal heart rate (HRmax), isokinetic muscle strength, and muscle endurance were measured before and after 2 weeks of detraining. We determined that short-term detraining resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in VO2max, ET, SVmax and isokinetic knee extensor strength but not in isokinetic knee flexor strength or muscle endurance. HRmax and body mass increased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas body fat percentage remained stable after detraining. Furthermore, significant correlations were identified between VO2max and SVmax (p < 0.01, r = 0.6) and between VO2max and knee extensor strength (p < 0.01, r = 0.6). The results suggest that 2 weeks of detraining reduces cardiopulmonary functions, possibly as a result of the attenuation of hemodynamic and neuromuscular adaptations. Moreover, we observed that short periods of detraining appeared to increase lean mass and maintain muscle endurance in endurance runners. Highlights Two weeks of detraining reduces VO2max, SVmax and muscle strength but maintains muscle endurance in male runners. Short periods of detraining may enhance anabolic hormonal milieu and increase lean mass. Detraining reduced cardiopulmonary function is associated with attenuation of hemodynamic and muscle adaptations.
A Hybrid System Based on Dynamic Selection for Time Series Forecasting

Hybrid systems, which combine statistical and machine learning (ML) techniques using residual (error forecasting) modeling, have been highlighted in the literature due to their accuracy and ability to forecast time series with different characteristics. In these architectures, a crucial task is the proper modeling of the residuals since they may present random fluctuations, complex nonlinear patterns, and heteroscedastic behavior. Hence, the selection, specification, and training of one ML model to forecast the residuals are costly and challenging tasks since issues, such as underfitting, overfitting, and misspecification, can lead to a system with low accuracy or even deteriorate the linear forecast of the time series. This article proposes a hybrid system, named dynamic residual forecasting (DReF), that employs a modified dynamic selection (DS) algorithm to decide: the most suitable ML model to forecast a pattern of the residual series and if it is a promising candidate to increase the accuracy of the time series forecast from the linear combination. Thus, the DReF aims to reduce the uncertainty of the ML model selection and avoid the deterioration of the time series forecast. Furthermore, the proposed system searches for the most suitable parameters of the DS algorithm for each data set. In this article, the proposed method uses a pool of five ML models widely adopted in the literature: multilayer perceptron, support vector regression, radial basis function, long short-term memory, and convolutional neural network. An experimental evaluation was conducted using ten well-known time series. The results show that the DReF obtains superior results for the majority of the data sets compared with single and hybrid models of the literature.
Detection of genome‐edited and endogenously expressed G protein‐coupled receptors

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors and major targets for FDA‐approved drugs. The ability to quantify GPCR expression and ligand binding characteristics in different cell types and tissues is therefore important for drug discovery. The advent of genome editing along with developments in fluorescent ligand design offers exciting new possibilities to probe GPCRs in their native environment. This review provides an overview of the recent technical advances employed to study the localisation and ligand binding characteristics of genome‐edited and endogenously expressed GPCRs.
Molecular Orientation in Model Asphalts Using Molecular Simulation

Molecular simulations were used to analyze orientations of molecules within model asphalt mixtures. After choosing typical compounds to represent resin, maltene, and asphaltene components, molecular orientations and structures in two ternary asphalt mixtures were studied. The following conclusions are obtained from analyzing simulation results: (1) For nearest asphaltene molecules, orientations between neighboring molecules are affected by molecule structure and temperature. At high temperature, asphaltene molecules with long alkane branches prefer to pack almost parallel; at low temperatures, they prefer to pack almost perpendicular; at intermediate temperatures, they have a peak at around 40°. Highly aromatic asphaltene molecules prefer to stay almost parallel to each other at low temperatures and almost perpendicular at high temperatures. (2) Average orientation between neighboring molecules depends on distance between molecule centers of mass. Naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, an.
A work motivational grounded theory study of workers in caring roles

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine and construct a theoretical model of key elements that care workers perceive to have an impact on their autonomy, cohesion, and work motivation. Grounded theory was used for data collection and analysis. There were 20 participants from social welfare service, geriatric care, and women’s aid settings (women = 18, men = 2, mean age = 37.6). The analysis resulted in the following categories: (a) Being-a-Cohesive-Team; (b) Agency-Making; (c) Living-Up-to-Expectations; and (d) Developing-Support-and-Feedback. The results identified potential interactions between these factors and suggested how they influenced each other, showing how cohesion, autonomy, and motivation are interdependent and amplified.
Neural crest‐derived mesenchymal progenitor cells enhance cranial allograft integration

Replacement of lost cranial bone (partly mesodermal and partly neural crest‐derived) is challenging and includes the use of nonviable allografts. To revitalize allografts, bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (mesoderm‐derived BM‐MSCs) have been used with limited success. We hypothesize that coating of allografts with induced neural crest cell‐mesenchymal progenitor cells (iNCC‐MPCs) improves implant‐to‐bone integration in mouse cranial defects. Human induced pluripotent stem cells were reprogramed from dermal fibroblasts, differentiated to iNCCs and then to iNCC‐MPCs. BM‐MSCs were used as reference. Cells were labeled with luciferase (Luc2) and characterized for MSC consensus markers expression, differentiation, and risk of cellular transformation. A calvarial defect was created in non‐obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice and allografts were implanted, with or without cell coating. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), microcomputed tomography (μCT), histology, immunofluorescence, and biomechanical tests were performed. Characterization of iNCC‐MPC‐Luc2 vs BM‐MSC‐Luc2 showed no difference in MSC markers expression and differentiation in vitro. In vivo, BLI indicated survival of both cell types for at least 8 weeks. At week 8, μCT analysis showed enhanced structural parameters in the iNCC‐MPC‐Luc2 group and increased bone volume in the BM‐MSC‐Luc2 group compared to controls. Histology demonstrated improved integration of iNCC‐MPC‐Luc2 allografts compared to BM‐MSC‐Luc2 group and controls. Human osteocalcin and collagen type 1 were detected at the allograft‐host interphase in cell‐seeded groups. The iNCC‐MPC‐Luc2 group also demonstrated improved biomechanical properties compared to BM‐MSC‐Luc2 implants and cell‐free controls. Our results show an improved integration of iNCC‐MPC‐Luc2‐coated allografts compared to BM‐MSC‐Luc2 and controls, suggesting the use of iNCC‐MPCs as potential cell source for cranial bone repair.
Impact of the timing and adherence to face mask use on the course of the COVID-19 epidemic in France.

Nicolas Hoertel, PhD1,2,3,*, Martin Blachier, MD4, Marina Sánchez-Rico , MPH5, Frédéric Limosin, PhD1,2,3, and Henri Leleu, PhD4 1AP-HP.Centre, Corentin Celton Hospital, Paris University, 4 parvis Corentin Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux 92130, France, 2INSERM U1266, 75015, Paris, France, 3Paris University, 75006, Paris, France, 4Public Health Expertise, 75011, Paris, France and 5Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
Magnesium, Little Known But Possibly Relevant: A Link between NASH and Related Comorbidities

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by an abnormal hepatic lipid accumulation accompanied by a necro-inflammatory process and a fibrotic response. It comprises from 10% to 30% of cases of patients with non-alcoholic liver disease, which is a global health problem affecting around a quarter of the worldwide population. Nevertheless, the development of NASH is often surrounded by a pathological context with other comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary imbalances are increasingly recognized as the root cause of these NASH-related comorbidities. In this context, a growing concern exists about whether magnesium consumption in the general population is sufficient. Hypomagnesemia is a hallmark of the aforementioned NASH comorbidities, and deficiencies in magnesium are also widely related to the triggering of complications that aggravate NASH or derived pathologies. Moreover, the supplementation of this cation has proved to reduce mortality from hepatic complications. In the present review, the role of magnesium in NASH and related comorbidities has been characterized, unraveling the relevance of maintaining the homeostasis of this cation for the correct functioning of the organism.
Potential Treatment of Parkinson's Disease, Using Last-Generation Carbon Nanotubes: A Bimolecular In-Silico Study

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. One of the underlying mechanisms of the disease is the accumulation of α-synuclein protein aggregates, including amyloids and Lewy bodies in the brain, resulting in the death of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra. The current treatments for PD are mainly focused on replacing dopamine. However, if these medications are stopped, the severity of PD will increase. Moreover, the drugs used for the treatment of PD are associated with considerable side effects and dietary restrictions. Therefore, necessary studies to develop more effective medications for PD seem to be indispensable. To prevent the progression of PD, avoiding the development of α-synuclein amyloids could be proposed. Methods: In this study, the effects of three last-generation nanotube-based structures on α-synuclein amyloid formation were investigated for the first time employing Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation tools. Molecular dynamics provide a deep insight into atomic interactions and can well study α-synuclein amyloid formation at the atomic and molecular scales.Results: The molecular study results indicated that all of the nanotubes studied in this work, had strong energy interactions with α-synuclein. Therefore, nanotubes using phosphorus, nitrogen and boron dopants, have great potential to prevent α-synuclein amyloid formation. Among these nanotubes, phosphorus-doped carbon nanotube (P-CNT) has the most substantial interactions with α-synuclein. The P-CNT caused more hydrogen bonds to be formed between water and α-synuclein molecules. This phenomenon leads to a decrease in the compactness, stability, and contact area of α-synuclein proteins, which results in considerable changes in the secondary structure of α-synuclein.Conclusions: Doping nanotubes especially P-CNT could be very effective for preventing the α-synuclein amyloid formation and hence, halting the progression of PD. This molecular study paves the way for the use of the Doping nanotubes in the treatment of PD. These structures are highly tunable and flexible. Therefore, the results of this work can be developed to computational, experimental and clinical levels.
Analysis of reading errors in Portuguese: Digraphs and complex syllabic structures

The Portuguese language poses several challenges for children in the initial phase of learning how toread, particularly in the case of letters that may correspond to more than one phoneme, two letters that correspond to a single phoneme and in the case of words containing complex syllabic structures. Theobjective of this study was to perform a psycholinguistic analysis of the reading errors of children, attending the 1st (n=175) and 2nd year (n=137) of schooling, specifically in the case of words containing digraphs or complex syllabic structures and to analyse the differences between children’s reading errors in these two years. An oral reading test was used for data collection. A quantitative and qualitativeanalysis of the type of reading errors was conducted using words with consonant digraphs (ch, nh, lh,gu, rr, ss), and words with complex syllables . This analysis showed that childrenpresented greater difficulties in some specific digraphs and tended to simplify complex syllables, eitherby adding or deleting phonemes. The quantity and quality of the reading errors of children attendingboth grades were discussed in light of reading acquisition theories and children’s phonologicaldevelopment.
Head and neck cancer surgery during the coronavirus pandemic: a single-institution experience

Abstract Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic resulted in the cessation of elective surgery. The continued provision of complex head and neck cancer surgery was extremely variable, with some UK centres not performing any cancer surgery. During the pandemic, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust received high numbers of coronavirus disease 2019 admissions. This paper presents our experience of elective complex major head and neck cancer surgery throughout the pandemic. Methods A head and neck cancer surgery hub was set up that provided a co-ordinated managed care pathway for cancer patients during the pandemic; the Guy's Cancer Centre provided a separate, self-enclosed coronavirus-free environment within the hospital campus. Results Sixty-nine head and neck cancer patients were operated on in two months, and 13 patients had a microvascular free tissue transfer. Nosocomial infection with coronavirus disease 2019 was detected in two cases (3 per cent), neither required critical care unit admission. Both patients made a complete recovery and were discharged home. There were no deaths. Conclusion Performing major head and neck surgery, including free flap surgery, is possible during the pandemic; however, significant changes to conventional practice are required to achieve desirable patient outcomes.
Genetic Approach to Elucidate the Role of Cyclophilin D in Traumatic Brain Injury Pathology

Cyclophilin D (CypD) has been shown to play a critical role in mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and the subsequent cell death cascade. Studies consistently demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial calcium overload and mPTP opening, is essential to the pathobiology of cell death after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). CypD inhibitors, such as cyclosporin A (CsA) or NIM811, administered following TBI, are neuroprotective and quell neurological deficits. However, some pharmacological inhibitors of CypD have multiple biological targets and, as such, do not directly implicate a role for CypD in arbitrating cell death after TBI. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of the role CypD plays in TBI pathobiology. Further, we directly assessed the role of CypD in mediating cell death following TBI by utilizing mice lacking the CypD encoding gene Ppif. Following controlled cortical impact (CCI), the genetic knockout of CypD protected acute mitochondrial bioenergetics at 6 h post-injury and reduced subacute cortical tissue and hippocampal cell loss at 18 d post-injury. The administration of CsA following experimental TBI in Ppif-/- mice improved cortical tissue sparing, highlighting the multiple cellular targets of CsA in the mitigation of TBI pathology. The loss of CypD appeared to desensitize the mitochondrial response to calcium burden induced by TBI; this maintenance of mitochondrial function underlies the observed neuroprotective effect of the CypD knockout. These studies highlight the importance of maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis after injury and validate CypD as a therapeutic target for TBI. Further, these results solidify the beneficial effects of CsA treatment following TBI.
DETERMINATION OF PROLINE, HYDROXYPROLINE, AND N–ETHYLGLYCINE IN URINE BY USING A NEW HPLC LABELING REAGENT, AND ITS APPLICATION IN DETECTION OF TUMOR MARKERS

According to previous reports, the concentration of urinary proline (Pro), hydroxyproline (Hyp), and N-ethylglycine (Neg) varies in association with various diseases, especially, Neg as a tumor marker was recently found in association with bone metastasis cancers. We developed a low-cost, highly sensitive precolumn high–performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of Pro, Hyp, and Neg in urine of patients with cancers, bone metastasis cancers, and bone metastasis cancers that have appeared after radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment. The analytes in the urine were labeled with 4–methoxybenzenesulfonyl fluoride (MOBS–F) at 40°C. The derivatives were separated on a reversed-phase column by gradient elution and monitored with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 232 nm. The detection limits for Pro, Hyp, and Neg were 6.0 pmol/injection, 4.0 pmol/injection, and 50 pmol/injection (S/N = 3), respectively. To some extent, Neg levels in their urine show there were relevance to their health conditions or therapy progress. We believe that the developed method may be a promising measure for providing a useful reference to diagnose the illness and monitor the results for bone metastasis cancers after radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment.
Impacts of Neonicotinoids on Molluscs: What We Know and What We Need to Know

The broad utilisation of neonicotinoids in agriculture has led to the unplanned contamination of adjacent terrestrial and aquatic systems around the world. Environmental monitoring regularly detects neonicotinoids at concentrations that may cause negative impacts on molluscs. The toxicity of neonicotinoids to some non-target invertebrates has been established; however, information on mollusc species is limited. Molluscs are likely to be exposed to various concentrations of neonicotinoids in the soil, food and water, which could increase their vulnerability to other sources of mortality and cause accidental exposure of other organisms higher in the food chain. This review examines the impacts of various concentrations of neonicotinoids on molluscs, including behavioural, physiological and biochemical responses. The review also identifies knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future studies, to ensure a more comprehensive understanding of impacts from neonicotinoid exposure to molluscs.