Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intelligibility of read Japanese words with competing noise in virtual acoustic space

In this paper, we investigated the effect of a competing noise source on the intelligibility of target speech. We are currently investigating the possibility of realizing a network-based conference system in which individual users participating from stand-alone PCs share a common virtual space. We are currently focusing on the acoustic aspects of this conferencing system. The intelligibility improvement of the primary speech when the competing sources are localized away from the listener on the horizontal plane was investigated. The primary speaker was placed directly in front of the listener, and a single competing source was placed on the horizontal plane at various azimuths and distances. DRT intelligibility tests showed that intelligibility scores of over 70% are achieved when the competing source is placed at azimuths of more than 45° away from the primary speech source. Increasing the distance of the competing source further enhances the intelligibility scores, as expected. These results show the feasibility of a multiparty audio conferencing system with a carefully controlled speaker location for intelligible speech.
Visible light communication-channel-adaptive digital pre-equalization scheme based on a deep learning model

Abstract. To meet the anticipated future demand for optical wireless high data rates, our study proposed a deep learning model-based adaptive digital pre-equalization scheme for visible light communication (VLC) channels is proposed to increase the data rate. We established the deep learning model to predict pre-equalization parameter (PEP) which is adaptive for various VLC channels. The proposed system is flexible and adaptive for commercial light emitting diode with different channel conditions. It improves the bandwidth of different VLC channels up to 125 MHz and has been validated on a 250-Mbps testbed. Based on the experimental results, the PEP update time is at most 5.1 s, and the bit error ratio is always <1 × 10 − 6 while using the PEP in the deep learning network. Meanwhile, the predicted and optimal values of the PEP correspond at 250 Mbps, and the maximum error between the predicted and optimal values of the PEP are only 7 for various channel conditions, including optical power, data rate, send distance, and send angle. The adaptive pre-equalization capability of the proposed system would be a universal digital solution for high-speed access in 6G scenarios combined with the VLC spectrum.
A Novel Mechanism Driving Poor-Prognosis Prostate Cancer: Overexpression of the DNA Repair Gene, Ribonucleotide Reductase Small Subunit M2 (RRM2)

Purpose: Defects in genes in the DNA repair pathways significantly contribute to prostate cancer progression. We hypothesize that overexpression of DNA repair genes may also drive poorer outcomes in prostate cancer. The ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2 (RRM2) is essential for DNA synthesis and DNA repair by producing dNTPs. It is frequently overexpressed in cancers, but very little is known about its function in prostate cancer. Experimental Design: The oncogenic activity of RRM2 in prostate cancer cells was assessed by inhibiting or overexpressing RRM2. The molecular mechanisms of RRM2 function were determined. The clinical significance of RRM2 overexpression was evaluated in 11 prostate cancer clinical cohorts. The efficacy of an RRM2 inhibitor (COH29) was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the mechanism underlying the transcriptional activation of RRM2 in prostate cancer tissue and cells was determined. Results: Knockdown of RRM2 inhibited its oncogenic function, whereas overexpression of RRM2 promoted epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells. The prognostic value of RRM2 RNA levels in prostate cancer was confirmed in 11 clinical cohorts. Integrating the transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic changes induced by RRM2 unraveled multiple oncogenic pathways downstream of RRM2. Targeting RRM2 with COH29 showed excellent efficacy. Thirteen putative RRM2-targeting transcription factors were bioinformatically identified, and FOXM1 was validated to transcriptionally activate RRM2 in prostate cancer. Conclusions: We propose that increased expression of RRM2 is a mechanism driving poor patient outcomes in prostate cancer and that its inhibition may be of significant therapeutic value.
Improvements to the aircraft Euler method

An unstructured mesh of tetrahedra offers an attractive approach to mesh generation for complex three dimensional shapes. The combination of a method for constructing tetrahedral meshes and a finite element technique for solving the Euler equations has resulted in a powerful new approach to the problem of calculating flows over complex geometries. Recent progress and improvements to the authors' aircraft Euler method are described and results presented to demonstrate its capability.
γ rays from muon capture in natural Ca. Fe. and Ni

A significant improvement has been made in the identification of {gamma} rays from muon capture in natural Ca, and to a lesser extent for Fe and Ni. For calcium, capture was observed in {sup 44}Ca and even {sup 42}Ca, as well as the dominant {sup 40}Ca. The ({mu}{sup -},{nu}) reaction was clearly observed in {sup 40}Ca, but, as in the past, no clear identification was made in Fe and Ni. The ({mu}{sup -},{nu}n) reaction was clearly observed in all nuclei, and the {gamma} rays observed correspond better to the ({gamma},p) reaction than to spectroscopic factors from the (d,{sup 3}He) or (t,{alpha}) reactions. Some ({mu}{sup -},{nu}2n) and other reactions have been observed at a lower yield.
THE INTRINSIC QUALITATIVE PROPERTIES OF THE CLASSICAL OPTIMAL STOPPING PROBLEM ARE INVARIANT TO THE FUNCTIONAL FORM OF THE DISCOUNT FUNCTION

Abstract The intrinsic qualitative properties of a generic optimal stopping model are shown to be invariant to the functional form of the discount function. If the discount function is assumed to be a member of particular infinite parametric family—a family that includes the exponential and classical hyperbolic discount functions as special cases—an additional refutable comparative statics result is produced that holds for the entire family. Consequently, if one limits econometric tests of the model to its qualitative properties, one cannot determine the form of the discount function used by the decision maker. It is also shown that the only discount function that yields a time‐consistent stopping rule is the exponential function with a constant rate of discount.
Intense Vortex Motion on the Beta Plane: Development of the Beta Gyres

Abstract An analytical theory is presented for the self-induced translation of an intense vortex relative to a uniform background flow on the β plane. The equivalent barotropic approximation is used to formulate the initial value problem within a polar coordinate frame translating with the vortex center. A contour dynamical model of the vortex is melded with the regular beta-plane model of the residual flow. Evolution of vortex asymmetries for azimuthal mode number one, the so-called beta gyres, which are responsible for the relative vortex motion, is considered for a period of time while the Rossby wave radiation is not important. It is shown for an initially axisymmetric vortex that the beta gyres and corresponding vortex translational velocity consist of two parts. The first one is generated by advection of the background potential vorticity gradient and rotates differentially because of the symmetric vortex circulation. The second part arises due to distortion in the vortex shape represented by displa.
Solar wind speed and coronal flux-tube expansion

The hypothesis that the solar wind speed at 1 AU and the rate of magnetic flux-tube expansion in the corona are inversely correlated is shown to be consistent with observations extending over the last 22 years. This empirical relationship allows the daily wind speeds at earth to be predicted from a current-free extrapolation of the observed photospheric field into the corona. The narrow boundaries of high-speed wind streams are attributed to steep gradients in the flux-tube expansion rates at the edges of coronal holes. When a heliospheric current sheet is included in the model, it is found that the flux tubes near the hole axis, although diverging more slowly than those near the hole boundary in the corona, have undergone the greatest net expansion at 1 AU, an effect consistent with the low densities within high-speed streams. 28 refs.
Nth (even)‐order minimum uncertainty products

This paper considers the problem of finding the quantum states that minimize the products of the (even) Nth‐order fluctuation of two canonically conjugate operators. The problem is first attacked in an abstract form and an equation derived for the desired states. A consideration of the N=2 case then leads to a connection with the new concept of ‘‘squeezed states’’ of the electromagnetic field, and the usual exact solution involving the coherent state. The concept of ‘‘higher‐order squeezing’’ is touched on to motivate the further discussion. The cases N=4, 6, and 8 are then taken up, and approximate solutions to them found via a new numerical technique. During these calculations, it is noted that only the first few terms in the expansion in number states figure in the solution; this observation is then exploited to find an approximate closed solution to the problem valid for all N.
Separated-Shear-Layer Development on an Airfoil at Low Reynolds Numbers

Flow transition in the separated shear layer on the upper surface of a NACA 0025 airfoil at low Reynolds numbers was investigated. The study involved wind-tunnel experiments and linear stability analysis. Detailed measurements were conducted for Reynolds numbers of 100,000 and 150,000 at 0-, 5- and 10-degree angles of attack. For all cases examined, laminar boundary-layer separation takes place on the upper surface of the airfoil. The separated shear layer fails to reattach to the airfoil surface for the lower Reynolds number, but reattachment occurs for the higher Reynolds number. Despite this difference in flow development, experimental results show that a similar transition mechanism is attendant for both Reynolds number flow regimes. Flow transition occurs due to the amplification of natural disturbances in the separated shear layer within a band of frequencies centered at some fundamental frequency. The initial growth of disturbances centered at the fundamental frequency is followed by the growth of a subharmonic component, eventually leading to flow transition. The growing disturbances also cause shear-layer roll-up and the formation of roll-up vortices. The results show that inviscid stability theory can be employed to adequately estimate such salient characteristics as the frequency of the most amplified disturbances and their propagation speed. This implies that the roll-up vortices can be attributed to inviscid instability. However, the results suggest that viscous and nonparallel effects need to be accounted for to effectively model the convective growth of the disturbances in the separated shear layer.
Dynamics of band electrons in electric and magnetic fields: rigorous justification of the effective Hamiltonians

Results concerning the rigorous justification of the effective Hamiltonians for band electrons in the presence of weak homogeneous electric and magnetic fields are reviewed. In the electric-field case the existence, in the sense of spectral concentration, of the Stark-Wannier resonances is proved. In the magnetic-field case, the existence of exponentially localized magnetic Wannier functions is established. As a consequence the Peierls-Onsager effective Hamiltonian is obtained.
Experiments measuring the initial energy deposition, expansion rates and morphology of exploding wires with about 1 kA/wire

Wire-array Z-pinch implosion experiments begin with wire heating, explosion, and plasma formation phases that are driven by an initial 50–100 ns, 0–1 kA/wire portion of the current pulse. This paper presents expansion rates for the dense, exploding wire cores for several wire materials under these conditions, with and without insulating coatings, and shows that these rates are related to the energy deposition prior to plasma formation around the wire. The most rapid and uniform expansion occurs for wires in which the initial energy deposition is a substantial fraction of the energy required to completely vaporize the wire. Conversely, wire materials with less energy deposition relative to the vaporization energy show complex internal structure and the slowest, most nonuniform expansion. This paper also presents calibrated radial density profiles for some Ag wire explosions, and structural details present in some wire explosions, such as foam-like appearance, stratified layers and gaps.
High-pressure equation of state for Nb with a helium-pressure medium:Powder x-ray diffraction experiments

High-pressure powder x-ray diffraction experiments have been carried out on Nb at room temperature up to $134\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ with a He-pressure medium and $145\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ with an alcohol-water pressure medium. Nb remains in the bcc structure to the highest pressure investigated. The bulk modulus and its pressure derivative have been determined from the data with the He medium as ${B}_{0}=168(4)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ and ${B}_{0}^{\ensuremath{'}}=3.4(3)$. No anomaly is found in the equation of state of Nb to be connected with the electronic topological transitions, which were inferred from the anomalies in the superconducting transition temperature under pressure. The origin of the asymmetric broadening of the diffraction peaks is discussed.
Direct observation of electrically active interfacial layer defects which may cause threshold voltage instabilities in HfO2 based metal-oxide-silicon field-effect transistors

We show that a Si∕HfO2 interfacial layer defect with an electron spin resonance spectrum similar to that of some E′ center variants responds to oxide bias consistent with an amphoteric defect. The spectrum is weakly orientation dependent indicating that the defect does not reside in a completely amorphous matrix. The defect’s spin lattice relaxation time is much shorter than that of conventional E′ centers suggesting that the defect involves some coupling of a Hf atom to a nearby oxygen deficient silicon dangling bond defect. This defect very likely plays an important role in widely reported instabilities in HfO2 based transistors.
Some Riemann boundary value problems in Clifford analysis

In this paper, we mainly study the Rm (m>0) Riemann boundary value problems for functions with values in a Clifford algebra Cℓ(V3, 3). We prove a generalized Liouville‐type theorem for harmonic functions and biharmonic functions by combining the growth behaviour estimates with the series expansions for k‐monogenic functions. We obtain the result under only one growth condition at infinity by using the integral representation formulas for harmonic functions and biharmonic functions. By using the Plemelj formula and the integral representation formulas, a more generalized Liouville theorem for harmonic functions and biharmonic functions are presented. Combining the Plemelj formula and the integral representation formulas with the above generalized Liouville theorem, we prove that the Rm (m>0) Riemann boundary value problems for monogenic functions, harmonic functions and biharmonic functions are solvable. Explicit representation formulas of the solutions are given. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Chest Physiotherapy on Improving Pulmonary Function in Dealing With Congenital Heart Disease and Lung Collapse: A Case Report

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. We present the case of a three-month-old female infant admitted to a tertiary care center with the complaint of cough, poor feeding, and breathing difficulties. Based on the investigatory finding, she was diagnosed with PDA with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), an atrial septal defect (ASD), coarctation of the aorta (COA), and pneumonia. In this patient, a left posterolateral thoracotomy was done to accomplish PDA ligation and coarctation repair. The outcomes of the infants were documented using the face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) scale, and arterial blood gas analysis. The therapeutic aim specified an increase in oxygen saturation, enhanced total functional capacity, optimized respiration, cleared chest secretions, and normalized cardiovascular function. The effectiveness of the cardiorespiratory physiotherapy treatment regimen based on the patient's existing state of health is the focus of this case report. The outcome variable indicated that the patient's functional recovery was optimal.
Radar Backscattering Computations for Fractal-Shaped Snowflakes

We propose a model for large snowflakes based on the fractal nature of their particle shapes. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to make particles with a fractal dimension of 1.8 to 2.4. The roundness parameter for the projected images of the modeled particles was derived, and an average roundness of approximately 0.4 for particles with fractal dimension 2.1 was indicated; this average roundness matched reported values measured for large ice aggregates. The finite difference time domain method was used to calculate the backscattering cross-sections of ice particles with a fractal dimension of 2.1 and a particle diameter of up to ∼20 mm at microwave frequencies of 95 GHz, 35 GHz, and 9.8 GHz. The results were compared with those of equivalent-volume spheres and randomly oriented equivalent-volume hexagonal columns. Our snowflake model had smaller values of radar backscattering cross-sections than did the equivalent-volume spheres in the size range out of the Rayleigh regime. Furthermore, large differences in backscattering cross-sections between the snowflake model and the equivalent-volume hexagonal column were confirmed, in particular at a frequency of 35GHz.
Autosegmental Input Strictly Local Functions

Autosegmental representations (ARs; Goldsmith, 1976) are claimed to enable local analyses of otherwise non-local phenomena Odden (1994). Focusing on the domain of tone, we investigate this ability of ARs using a computationally well-defined notion of locality extended from Chandlee (2014). The result is a more nuanced understanding of the way in which ARs interact with phonological locality.
Transonic Stabilization Laws for Unsteady Aerodynamics and Flutter

In this paper we show that near Mach 1, the lift and moment amplitudes of a 2D airfoil section become “frozen” and essentially independent of the freestream Mach number. This phenomenon is similar to the well-known stabilization law for steady transonic flow, except that the freeze here involves the unsteady aerodynamic forces rather than the local Mach number. In some cases, the aerodynamic forces also become nearly independent of reduced frequency, for the low reduced frequencies typical of transonic flutter. These findings cannot be understood within the framework of linear subsonic or supersonic aerodynamics, because the Mach number freeze is brought about by the global behavior of the mixed subsonicsupersonic flow-field at Mach numbers close to one. The practical implications of the freeze phenomenon in aeroelastic stability calculations are analyzed and discussed through several examples.
Algebraic Structure of Diffeomorphism Groups of One-Manifolds

It is a celebrated result of Mather that the group of $C^k$--diffeomorphisms of an $n$--manifold is simple, provided that a mild isotopy condition is satisfied, with the possible exception of $k=n+1$. The purpose of this article is mostly expository, and in it we give a detailed account of Mather's proof in the case when $n=1$.
Measurement error effect on the CUSUM control chart

The performance of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart for the mean when measurement error exists is investigated. It is shown that the CUSUM chart is greatly affected by the measurement error. A similar result holds for the case of the CUSUM chart for the mean with linearly increasing variance. In this paper, we consider multiple measurements to reduce the effect of measurement error on the charts performance. Finally, a comparison of the CUSUM and EWMA charts is presented and certain recommendations are given.
Acid Generation Mechanism of Poly(4-hydroxystyrene)-Based Chemically Amplified Resists for Post-Optical Lithography: Acid Yield and Deprotonation Behavior of Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) and Poly(4-methoxystyrene)

With the shrinkage of patterns, the elucidation of reaction mechanisms at the molecular level has become essential in resist design. In particular, proton dynamics is one of the most important issues on the sensitivity and resolution of chemically amplified resists. In chemically amplified resists for post-optical lithographies, such as extreme ultraviolet and electron beam lithographies, it has been reported that protons mainly come from not acid generators but polymers. Determining proton sources is a key to understanding reaction mechanisms at the molecular level. In this article, we investigated the deprotonation mechanism of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) and poly(4-methoxystyrene) upon exposure to ionizing radiation. We found that the difference between the proton labilities of polymer radical cations (proton source for acid generation) leads to a difference in acid yield.
A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL JEFFERY ORBITS IN SHEAR FLOW

We perform numerical simulations of rods and spheroids undergoing Jeffery orbits in a variety of shear flows. The numerical simulations are based on the boundary element method, which allows for the accurate modeling of the problem geometry. We compare the period of rotation for spheroids and rods, both far from walls and very close to walls. We find that the wall effects in three dimensions are minimal, even for flow in gaps not much larger than the longest dimension of the particle. We also show that two‐dimensional simulations grossly overpredict the wall effects seen in three dimensions. Results are similar for both linear and nonlinear shear flows. We also briefly look at the orbital motion of a particle in close proximity to another particle, and show that, again, there is very little effect on the period of rotation, although the resulting centroid trajectories are very different from that of an isolated particle.