Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty in nonstationary frequency analysis of South Korea's daily rainfall peak over threshold excesses associated with covariates

Abstract. Several methods have been proposed to analyze the frequency of nonstationary anomalies. The applicability of the nonstationary frequency analysis has been mainly evaluated based on the agreement between the time series data and the applied probability distribution. However, since the uncertainty in the parameter estimate of the probability distribution is the main source of uncertainty in frequency analysis, the uncertainty in the correspondence between samples and probability distribution is inevitably large. In this study, an extreme rainfall frequency analysis is performed that fits the peak over threshold series to the covariate-based nonstationary generalized Pareto distribution. By quantitatively evaluating the uncertainty of daily rainfall quantile estimates at 13 sites of the Korea Meteorological Administration using the Bayesian approach, we tried to evaluate the applicability of the nonstationary frequency analysis with a focus on uncertainty. The results indicated that the inclusion of dew point temperature (DPT) or surface air temperature (SAT) generally improved the goodness of fit of the model for the observed samples. The uncertainty of the estimated rainfall quantiles was evaluated by the confidence interval of the ensemble generated by the Markov chain Monte Carlo. The results showed that the width of the confidence interval of quantiles could be greatly amplified due to extreme values of the covariate. In order to compensate for the weakness of the nonstationary model exposed by the uncertainty, a method of specifying a reference value of a covariate corresponding to a nonexceedance probability has been proposed. The results of the study revealed that the reference covariate plays an important role in the reliability of the nonstationary model. In addition, when the reference covariate was given, it was confirmed that the uncertainty reduction in quantile estimates for the increase in the sample size was more pronounced in the nonstationary model. Finally, it was discussed how information on a global temperature rise could be integrated with a DPT or SAT-based nonstationary frequency analysis. Thus, a method to quantify the uncertainty of the rate of change in future quantiles due to global warming, using rainfall quantile ensembles obtained in the uncertainty analysis process, has been formulated.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Air Quality over China and India Using Long-term (2009-2020) Multi-satellite Data

We have examined the air quality over China, India and demonstrated marked differences in levels of air pollution resulted from the COVID-19 restrictions during December–April, 2019–20 to that of 11 years mean of 2009–19 The criteria air quality indicators i e , nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), Aerosol Index (AI) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) data are retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), and MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor on the Terra and Aqua satellites, respectively Over China, during COVID-19 lockdown a significant drop in columnar abundances of tropospheric NO2 (–37%), SO2 (–64%) and AOD (–8%) for 2020 in comparison to 11 years mean (2009–19) has been observed A noticeable difference in NO2 column burden is seen over SE (–35%), NE (–33%), NW (–13%) and SW (–5%) China Over the SE and NE China, both NO2 and SO2 levels decreased dramatically in 2020 from that of 2009–19, by more than 40% and 65%, respectively, because of both stricter regulations of emissions and less traffic activity due to reduced social and industrial activities during COVID-19 restrictions In contrast, the curve of monthly mean tropospheric columnar burden of NO2 and SO2 over India has shown moderate reduction of 16% and 20%, respectively because lockdown came into effect much later in March 2020 The mean NO2 and SO2 over IGP region is found to be 25% higher than whole India’s mean concentration due to large scale urban settlement and crop burning events The statistical t-test analysis results confirm significant (p < 0 05) improvements in AQ during lockdown The COVID-19 pandemic provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate such large-scale reduction in emissions of trace gases and aerosols Therefore, it is important to further strengthen environmental policies to tackle air quality, human health, and climate change in this part of the world © The Author(s)
Study of SoilPollutants inOmdurman IndustrialArea, Sudan, Using X-ray Fluorescence Technique

In this work X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique was used to evaluate the soil pollution withheavy metals for twenty four surface soil samples (0–10 cm in depth) from various locations to cover theindustrial area in Omdurman city, Sudan. Concentrations of 10 elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Pb, Rb, Co, Cd andAs were determined. It was found that Cr, Cu and Cd concentrations for almost all studied sites are greaterthan the normal values, while most the Ni, Zn, Co, As and Pb concentrations are lower than the normal values.Some of the concentrations of As are greater than the normal values. The elemental concentrations werecompared with the normal values and other studies in different locations from the world. The correlationbetween elements appears that pollution inside the investigated area results from different sources ofcontamination present inside it. The results establish a database reference of radioactivity background levelsaround this region.
Influence of the Green Leadership Toward Environmental Policies Support

This paper aimed to study the role of green leadership toward environmental policies support in university. Furthermore, this study investigated the influence of green leadership toward environmental policies support and discussed the mediation effect of Green Self efficacy, Green Mindfulness, organization identity and environmental responsibility. The number of Population sample in this research was taken from 1,456 lecturers and staff of Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia. Total sample in this research is 312 respondents. Structural Equation Models (SEM) was used in this research to develop the model of green leadership role toward environmental policies support of Lecturer and Staff in the University. This study found that green leadership had significant influences toward environmental policies support, environmental responsibility, green mindfulness and green self-efficacy but had insignificant influence toward organizational identity. Path analysis showed strong mediation effect of environmental responsibility and green mindfulness, but had a weak mediation from organizational identity and green self-efficacy. Finally, this study concluded that the role of green leadership in influencing environmental responsibility and green mindfulness was required to be enhanced in order to increase the support of environmental policies at the university. Further study needs to be carried out to determine the effect of green leadership on green performance and green behavior in organizations.
Urinary Liver-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Predicts Residual Renal Function Decline in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

Background Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) is a predictive marker for the early detection of acute kidney injury; however, less is known about how useful it is for predicting residual renal function (RRF) decline in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Material/Methods The study subjects were 35 patients on PD who underwent multiple peritoneal equilibration tests (PETs) between October 2011 and October 2019. Urinary L-FABP levels were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between baseline clinical data, including urinary L-FABP levels and the subsequent annual rate of renal Kt/V decline, was investigated. Results The median follow-up duration was 11 months and the rate of renal Kt/V decline was 0.29/y. Compared with outcomes in the group with renal Kt/V preservation, renal Kt/V decline was associated with both high daily levels of urinary protein excretion (0.60 g/d [range, 0.50–0.87] vs. 0.36 g/d [range, 0.19–0.48]; P=0.01) and high daily levels of urinary L-FABP excretion (111.2 mg/d [range, 76.1–188.6] vs. 61.5 mg/d [range, 35.7–96.0]; P=0.002). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only high daily levels of urinary L-FABP excretion were independently associated with renal Kt/V decline (odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.05; P=0.001). Furthermore, higher daily levels of urinary L-FABP excretion were significantly correlated with the higher annual rate of renal Kt/V decline (r=0.71, P<0.001). Conclusions We demonstrated that daily levels of urinary L-FABP are associated with RRF decline in patients on PD. The results of the present study indicate that assessment of urinary L-FABP levels may help predict RRF decline in patients on PD.
The Effect of Marketing Activities on the Brand Recognition, Brand Familiarity, and Purchase Intention on the SNS of Franchise Companies

The purpose of this study is to find out how SNS marketing activities affect brand recognition, brand familiarity, and purchase intention for consumers who have purchased products from franchise chicken stores, including whether there is a moderating effect according to gender. SNS marketing activities were set up by configuring three attributes which are, SNS advertising, SNS information, and SNS events as sub-factors. For empirical analysis, a survey was conducted on SNS users, and SPSS/AMOS statistical programs were employed for the data analysis. First, the result of the empirical analysis showed that SNS advertising, SNS information, and SNS events have a significant positive effect on brand recognition. Second, it was found that the SNS events had a significant positive effect on brand familiarity. Third, it was found that SNS advertising has a significant positive effect on purchase intention. Fourth, it was observed that brand recognition has a significant positive effect on brand familiarity. Fifth, it was found that brand recognition and brand familiarity have a significant positive effect on purchase intention. Sixth, it was found that gender plays a significant role in the relationship between these constructs. Therefore, it can be assumed that the hypothesis presented in this study is sufficiently proven.
Tree‐ring reconstructed diurnal temperature range on the eastern Tibetan plateau and its linkage to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation

The decreasing trend in diurnal temperature range (DTR) since the 1950s has been widely observed in many regions of the world, including the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, scarce instrumental records on the TP before the 1950s limit the understanding of DTR variation on a longer timescale, and its internal forcing mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we present two regional records of May–June DTR since 1753 reconstructed from tree rings on the northeastern TP (NETP) and southeastern TP (SETP), respectively. The decreasing trend in DTR in the second half of the twentieth century also occurred in the time earlier than the 1950s, indicating that the reduction in DTR is not unique to global warming. Spatially, both the instrumental and reconstructed DTR show different modes on the NETP and SETP. Composite analysis and superposed epoch analysis reveal the linkage between El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the DTR on the SETP. La Niña (El Niño) winters are generally followed by the stronger (weaker) early Indian summer monsoon so that may lead to the decrease (increase) in May–June DTR. The positive correlation between Niño 3.4 index and the DTR on the SETP over the past two and a half centuries is accompanied by a stable response of the decreased DTR to La Niña events. These results suggest that ENSO is a crucial driver for the DTR variation on the SETP through oceanic‐atmospheric modulation.
AI-Driver: an ensemble method for identifying driver mutations in personal cancer genomes

Abstract The current challenge in cancer research is to increase the resolution of driver prediction from gene-level to mutation-level, which is more closely aligned with the goal of precision cancer medicine. Improved methods to distinguish drivers from passengers are urgently needed to dig out driver mutations from increasing exome sequencing studies. Here, we developed an ensemble method, AI-Driver (AI-based driver classifier, https://github.com/hatchetProject/AI-Driver), to predict the driver status of somatic missense mutations based on 23 pathogenicity features. AI-Driver has the best overall performance compared with any individual tool and two cancer-specific driver predicting methods. We demonstrate the superior and stable performance of our model using four independent benchmarks. We provide pre-computed AI-Driver scores for all possible human missense variants (http://aidriver.maolab.org/) to identify driver mutations in the sea of somatic mutations discovered by personal cancer sequencing. We believe that AI-Driver together with pre-computed database will play vital important roles in the human cancer studies, such as identification of driver mutation in personal cancer genomes, discovery of targeting sites for cancer therapeutic treatments and prediction of tumor biomarkers for early diagnosis by liquid biopsy.
Avaliação de produtos alternativos para o controle da mancha-bacteriana em tomateiro para processamento industrial.

O porometro de pos-colheita e um instrumento para medir transpiracao, resistencia difusiva e deficit de pressao de vapor por manometria a volume constante e por volumetria a pressao constante. E constituido de uma câmara de transpiracao com fechamento hermetico contendo um suporte de amostras sobre um ventilador e externamente um manometro de coluna de agua com pipeta graduada movel. Sob temperatura constante, o deficit de pressao de vapor (.P), e o volume de vapor de agua (.V) foram proporcionais aos volumes de agua vaporizados. Com o uso de um excesso de agua este aumento da pressao de vapor iguala-se, em modulo, ao deficit de pressao de vapor do ar na câmara de transpiracao. Para amostras do ar atmosferico no laboratorio, o deficit de pressao de vapor foi calculado a partir das temperaturas de bulbo seco e umido em um psicrometro ventilado e por manometria. A correlacao entre estes dois metodos foi de 0,976. A acuracia das medidas de transpiracao e tal que o produto do volume morto da câmara (V) pela declividade (.P/ .V) determinada pelo vapor de agua liberado no processo iguala-se a pressao barometrica, com erro inferior a 1%. Um exemplo experimental do uso do porometro de pos-colheita em cenoura e apresentado juntamente e os detalhes para obter a resistencia difusiva e espessura da camada laminar. O porometro de pos-colheita e um porometro de difusao simples, robusto, que podera ser usado em estudos de efeito de ceras, na selecao de cultivares e em variados outros estudos de fisiologia de pos-colheita.
Screening Carpet Substrate Interferences in Arson Identification by Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

The sample analysis and data interpretation is the most challenging step of fire debris analysis, due to the presence of combustion and pyrolysis products in the substrate material. In this study, a headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) procedure was applied to the extraction of combustion and pyrolysis products from three commonly used carpet substrate materials, made of nylon 6,6 and polyesters. Each carpet sample was burned with and without two different ignitable liquids (ILs), i.e., gasoline and kerosene, and the Total Ion Chromatograms (TICs) and Extracted Ion Profiles of characteristic class compounds of ILs were obtained and compared to those of unburned neat ILs, using gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), to study the possible interferences of these substrate materials in fire debris analysis.
Effect of Heavy Metals on Terpenoid Composition of Ocimum basilicum L. and Mentha spicata L.

Abstract In a greenhouse study, saplings of Ocimum basilicum L. and Mentha spicata L. were planted in pots in four replicates on soils treated with different concentrations of lead, copper and cadmium. The essential oil composition of aerial parts was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. There was significant quantitative variation in the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum growing in all metal amended soils. In case of Mentha spicata, no significant change in essential oil composition was observed for plants grown in metal amended soils.
Collaborative research to inform adaptive comanagement: a framework for the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve

Globally, an increasing recognition of the importance of ecosystem-based management (EBM), Indigenous resource management (IRM), and Indigenous-led research and management is emerging; yet, case studies within scholarly literature illustrating comprehensive application of these theories and philosophies are scarce. We present the collaborative management model for the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) as a contemporary Indigenous Community and Conserved Area (ICCA) that has synergistically operationalized these principles, as well as one that approaches research as a reciprocal collaboration with the Indigenous people and local community (IPLC) of place. The Heʻeia NERR was designated in 2017 through a process led by IPLC members in Hawaiʻi. This research framework is aimed at informing EBM within social-ecological systems. It, therefore, serves as an example of a program designed to demonstrate and provide practical solutions for adaptive resource management. The framework of the Heʻeia NERR embraces the values, perspectives, and IRM strategies that have been foundational for the people of the Pacific to thrive sustainably in the context of limited resources for millennia. As a program, the Heʻeia NERR aims to build bridges between coexisting worldviews as a means of informing policy in the realms of conservation and sustainability. We do this by weaving together conventional and Indigenous science to collaboratively develop research and collaboratively produce new knowledge. We examine these issues through the lens of holistic ecosystem services that consider both the reciprocal benefits that humans provide to nature as well as the full range of existential benefits that humans gain from nature. Research collaborations between the Heʻeia NERR and its partners (University of Hawaiʻi, state and federal agencies, and Indigenous-led NGOs operating in the community) are grounded in Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) with applications that will guide a future of enhanced ecosystem services in a changing world.
The Influence of Hydrogen Bonding Side-Groups on Viscoelastic Behavior of Linear and Network Polymers

Polymers containing hydrogen-bonding side groups (HBGs) can form transient supramolecular networks that exhibit technologically useful viscoelastic properties. Here, we investigate how dynamic behavior of functional poly(n-butyl acrylate) melts and cross-linked networks is influenced by different HBGs. Random copolymers containing weak and strong HBGs were synthesized and subjected to thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis. The glass transition temperature (Tg) increased nearly linearly with the HBG concentration, and this effect was similar for both weak and strong binding groups. Copolymers containing weak HBGs behaved as unentangled melts and exhibited higher storage and loss modulus with increasing amounts of binding group. In contrast, copolymers containing strong HBGs behaved like entangled networks. Flow activation energies increased linearly with comonomer content; and, for weak hydrogen-bonding groups, they depended only on the departure from Tg. Similar behavior was observed in cross-linked fil.
The enigmatic helicase DHX9 and its association with the hallmarks of cancer

Much interest has been expended lately in characterizing the association between DExH-Box helicase 9 (DHX9) dysregulation and malignant development, however, the enigmatic nature of DHX9 has caused conflict as to whether it regularly functions as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. The impact of DHX9 on malignancy appears to be cell-type specific, dependent upon the availability of binding partners and activation of inter-connected signaling pathways. Realization of DHX9’s pivotal role in the development of several hallmarks of cancer has boosted the enzyme's potential as a cancer biomarker and therapeutic target, opening up novel avenues for exploring DHX9 in precision medicine applications. Our review discusses the ascribed functions of DHX9 in cancer, explores its enigmatic nature and potential as an antineoplastic target.
Optimum Board Size to Achieve Optimal Performance in Indonesia

The aim of this paper is to review the role of board size as part of the corporate governance system. This paper discusses one aspect of corporate governance, namely, boards, in the Indonesian context. Using the literature review method, this paper explores factors that need to be considered to determine the optimal number of boards, especially in Indonesia. We explore some determinants of board size, such as complexity and leverage, ownership structure, and financial ratio support. The results reveal that an understanding of the differences found in the two-tier board model helps us understand that the different functions of the board of commissioners and the board of directors require different test treatments from countries that adhere to one-tier systems. A review of the relationship between board size and company performance is expected to provide the corporate governance literature with insights into optimizing the sizes of boards that can improve company performance, both in terms of boards of commissioners and boards of directors. This paper proposes the simultaneous testing of board size’s relationship with company performance. The results of this study are expected to make a more real contribution about the effect of board size on company performance.
Prophylactic external beam radiation therapy for keloid prevention in thyroid surgery patients.

Background Poor cosmesis, secondary to keloid or hypertrophic scar, following thyroid surgery may cause considerable patient distress and be a significant challenge to treat. In this case series we examined the efficacy of prophylactic external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for prevention of keloid formation in keloid-prone patients undergoing thyroid surgery. While much has been published about documenting the efficacy in reducing keloid formation following keloid excision, very little literature exists documenting prophylactic use related to surgeries with the goal of prevent de novo keloid formation. Methods We retrospectively evaluated a series of ten patients, who underwent a prophylactic EBRT for keloid prevention after thyroid surgery between January 2013 and February 2019. Patient demographics, primary diagnosis, surgical procedure, EBRT dosage, and post-operative visit records were reviewed. Results All ten patients who received EBRT for keloid prophylaxis following a thyroid surgery were female. Half of the patients were African Americans, 40% Caucasians, and 10% Hispanic. The mean age was 46.40±15.63 years with BMI of 31.5±5.5 kg/m2. Radiation was initiated within 6 hours of the surgery with an average radiation dose per session of 5.7±1.7 Gy. The total average EBRT dose delivered was 17.4±4.2 Gy. Mean follow-up period was 13 months post-thyroidectomy, with the longest follow-up at 23 months. One patient, who underwent a lateral neck dissection in addition to thyroid surgery, developed hypertrophic scar in less than 10% of her incision length. Nine other patients (90%) showed no post-surgical keloid nor hypertrophic scar formation and patients were satisfied with postsurgical cosmesis. Conclusions We examined the efficacy of prophylactic EBRT in keloid-prone patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Prophylactic EBRT following thyroid surgery is effective in achieving a satisfactory cosmetic outcome in patients at high risk for keloid formation.