Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Air Force UAV's: The Secret History

Abstract : In 1956, Air Force Maj. Gen. David Baker addressed a meeting of industrial leaders by stating, "We can readily see that except for certain types of missions, the manned combat aircraft will become technically obsolete in the future. " He was referring not to UAVs, but to the possible replacement of manned penetrating bombers by intercontinental ballistic missiles and pilotless cruise missiles. The nuclear delivery mission was the keystone of Air Force organizational identity and budget share, however, so his statement speaks to the technological optimism of Air Force leaders concerning unproven, immature, and truly innovative aerospace technologies. His comments do not wholly concern missile developments, however, for at the same time the Air Force was also investing in fairly sophisticated, jet-powered target drones. Camera-carrying derivatives of those jet drones, operated by Air Force pilots, would soon evolve into the first significant combat UAV in history. This paper explores Air Force UAV systems using a comparative analytical framework. Systems are presented chronologically and the analysis focuses on external and internal variables contributing to weapon system innovation. As with the other services, independent externalities such as aviation technology, the military threat, and politics provide the context for Air Force UAV decision-making.
Bulls for sacrifice, cows for work? Morphometric models suggest that female cattle were used for traction in the Chinese Bronze Age Late Shang dynasty (ca. 1300–1046 BCE)

Training animals to pull agricultural equipment and wheeled transport significantly shaped and advanced human economic systems. In this context the use of large domestic animals such as cattle was a milestone event in human history, part of what Sherratt memorably termed the Secondary Products Revolution: the use of the products of live animals such as milk, wool and traction power. It is commonly assumed that male cattle were generally preferred for traction because of their greater strength compared with females, and the importance of the latter for breeding and, in some societies, for milk and for dairy products, but surprisingly little is known of this aspect of the Secondary Products Revolution in prehistoric China. Here we apply established morphometric models to 10 assemblages of cattle bones from Chinese Bronze Age (ca. 2000–221 BCE) contexts. Our results indicate a process of intensified cattle labour exploitation at this time and, intriguingly, we also observe the earliest labour employment of female cattle during the Late Shang dynasty (ca. 1300–1046 BCE). It is proposed that female cattle may have been required for traction because of the large numbers of male cattle, especially bulls, that were sent for ritual sacrifice. Such a strategy reveals a sophisticated social management, upon which the Late Shang civilisation eventually developed.
Domestic Biomass Fuel Consumption Pattern in Northern Part of Bangladesh

: Biomass fuel are considered as raw source of household fuel in rural Bangladesh. Multistage random sampling with semi-structured questionnaire was adopted to conduct this study in Lalmonirhat District, Northern part of Bangladesh. Based on income, respondents were classified into rich, middle and poor categories and a total of 150 households were selected randomly. The study were desinged to know the biomass fuel generation, consumption pattern and their associated health risk. The results revealed that 99% respondents used branches of trees as biomass fuel followed by leaves (89%), stems (72%), bamboos (67%), agricultural residues (60%) and LPG (15%) for domestic purposes. 85% respondents used azadirachta indica as most preferred fuelwood among which market and homestead sources contributed 61% and 39%, respectively. Other available fuelwood species were mangifera indica (81%), bambusa spp. (81%), eucalyptus globules (75%), artocarpus heterophyllus (41%), swietenia mahagoni (27%), syzygium cumini (20%) and psidium guajava (11%). The sources of these fuelwood contributed by homestead:market were 69:25, 60:9, 25:40, 41:6, 24:5, 3:7 and 17:15, respectively. Monthly electricity consumption of rich:middle:poor were 117:106:65 followed by kerosene (1.5:1.6:2.6), LPG (1.2:0.9:0) and candle (11:7:7). 100% respondents believed that CO 2 emitted from biomass fuel burning followed by SO x (92%), NO x (87%), CO (35%) and SPM (11%). The consequences of emitted pollutants might be the cause of respiratory diseases (99%) followed by rapid breathing (95%), asthma (57%), tuberculosis (16%) and lung cancer (16%). Formulation of an appropriate policy could perform an important tool to ensure efficient consumption of biomass fuel in rural Bangladesh.
Simple sequence repeat markers revealed genetic divergence and population structure of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus] collections of diverse geographic origin

The study was carried out to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of okra collections from diverse geographic origin using selected polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Thirty-two okra accessions collected from three geographic regions were genotyped using 16 selected SSR markers. The SSR markers generated a total of 71 loci of which 67% were polymorphic. Genetic distances among accessions ranged from 2.2 to 7.1, with a mean of 4.65. Gene diversity ranged from 0.10 to 0.78 with a mean of 0.52. Genetic clustering classified the accessions into three major clusters and four sub-clusters. Each cluster and sub-cluster consisted of accessions derived from different sources. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 67%, 81% and 83% of the total genetic variation detected was found within populations of geographic origin, altitude and collection district, respectively. The observed moderate to high population differentiation could partly be attributed to limited germplasm exchange, agro-ecological differences, and partly by selection pressure. The present study revealed the presence of high genetic diversity and population divergence among okra collections from Ethiopia. The study demonstrated that a collection strategy for conservation of okra genetic resources should focus on sampling of representative genotypes covering wide geographic regions and altitudinal ranges of target agro-ecologies.
Design Driven Innovation: Changing the Rules of Competition by Radically Innovating What Things Mean

1. Design-Driven Innovation. An introduction Part One: The Strategy of Design-Driven Innovation 2. Design and Meanings. Innovating by making sense of things 3. Radical Pushes. Placing design-driven innovation in the strategy of a firm 4. Technology Epiphanies. The interplay between technology-push and design-driven innovation 5. The Value and the Challenges. Why companies do or do not invest in design-driven innovation Part Two: The Process of Design-Driven Innovation 6. The Interpreters. Doing research with the design discourse 7. Listening. Finding and attracting key interpreters 8. Interpreting. Developing your own vision 9. Addressing. Leveraging the seductive power of the interpreters Part Three: Building Design-Driven Capabilities 10. The Design-Driven Lab. How to start 11. Businesspeople. The key role of top executives and their culture
Dynamics of heart failure markers and cardiac reverse remodeling in patients receiving cardiac contractility modulation therapy

heart failure reverse remodeling cardiac contractility modulation Aim. To assess the clinical course and cardiac reverse remodeling in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) receiving cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) therapy. Material and methods. Fifty-five patients (mean age, 53±11 years, 46 males) with NYHA class II-III HFrEF (ische-mic etiology in 73% of patients), sinus rhythm, QRS<130 ms or QRS<150 ms of non-LBBB morphology receiving optimal medical therapy were enrolled into the study. CCM devices were implanted to all patients between October 2016 and September 2017. We assessed the following parameters: hospitalizations and mortality due to decompensated HF; changes in HF class, NTproBNP concentration, peak oxygen consumption, six-minute walk test, left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes and ejection fraction (EF), atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. A comparative analysis of the studied parameters was carried out depending on the pacing with one and two ventricular leads, on LVEF value (≥25% and <25%) and HF etiology. with a decrease in HF class (p<0,00004001), HF-related hospitalization rate (p<0,0001001), blood NTproBNP concentration (p≤0,018), an increase in peak oxygen consumption during the first year (p<0,006011), as well as a decrease in LV volumes and a LVEF increase (p<0,0001001). The direction of these changes did not depend on the number of ventricular leads and LVEF. The presence of ischemic cardiomyopathy and old myocardial infarction did not affect the disease prognosis, but was asso ciated with a lower change in LV volumes and NTproBNP du ring 24 months of CCM therapy. LVEF values were significantly higher in the group of patients with HFrEF not associated with coronary artery disease after 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Conclusion. was with improved clinical and hemodynamic status, increased exercise tolerance, decreased HF-related hospitalization rate, positive echocardiographic and NTproBNP changes.
The Food Bank Siswa Program in Addressing Food Insecurity, Healthy Diet and Food Poverty

The implementation of the Food Bank Siswa program is one of the strategies to eliminate hunger and food insecurity. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Food Bank Siswa program that has been implemented in Malaysia’s public higher institutions and to ascertain the impact of the Food Bank Siswa program among B40 students in UTeM. A cluster sampling was used. The data from 52 respondents were obtained through online survey questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS software. The results indicated that the Food Bank Siswa program had the most prominent impact on food insecurity since most of the B40 students in UTeM were more satisfied with the role of the program in preventing food insufficiency. This study perhaps could help in spreading public awareness about this program among Malaysian citizens. Consequently, the government will become more proactive in strengthening the operation of the Food Bank Program in order to be more systematic. Finally, the Food Banks Siswa program have the potential to be implemented and expanded to all public and private universities in Malaysia as it provides useful insight that impact student’s food security in supporting the government programs and plans; National Key Results Areas (NKRA) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Radar Cross Section Measurements of Pedestrian Dummies and Humans in the 24/77 GHz Frequency Bands: Establishment of a Reference Library of RCS Signatures of Pedestrian Dummies in the Automotive Radar Bands

Road safety is of primary concern in the European Union. One means of addressing and improving highway safety is the use of short range radar (SRR) systems. SRR systems in automobiles can monitor the surrounding area around a vehicle in order to detect obstacles, and help with collision avoidance. The main advantage of radar sensors is that they are not impacted by adverse weather conditions. A forward looking radar system, called autonomous emergency braking (AEB), is now being evaluated for inclusion in automobiles. AEB sensors are used to detect bicyclists, pedestrians, motorcyclists, and other automobiles. Increasingly, pedestrian dummies are being used to develop and test the AEB sensors. It is crucial that the SRR signatures of pedestrian dummies very accurately match human beings. This report presents the results of a widespread series of radar cross section (RCS) laboratory test measurements of human beings and pedestrian dummies.
The contribution of selected biomechanical , postural and anthropometrical factors on the nature and incidence of injuries in rugby union players

Considerable concern has been expressed in recent years over the increasing number of musculoskeletal injuries in the athletic population. This review highlights some already identified intrinsic risk factors for sport injuries to provide athletes, coaches, sport scientists and different specialists in sport medicine with knowledge to identify intrinsic risk factors for sport injuries and explains how biomechanical, postural and anthropometrical characteristics modify injury risk. Although controversial literature exists, leg length discrepancy, excessive pronation, knee genu valgum and larger Qangles seem to be the malalignment parameters mostly connected to lower extremity injuries in the athletic population. Muscle strength imbalances and poor flexibility in the quadriceps, hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles are significant risk factors for lower extremity injuries. In the shoulder girdle, muscle strength imbalances result in altered neuromuscular control and abnormal movement patterns. Postural characteristics such as an increased lumbar lordosis have been related to hamstring strains and a forward head, forward shoulders and thoracic kyphosis increases the risk of obtaining shoulder injuries. An older age has been related to injuries in the athletic population, however, the physical demands of the sport play a major role in the risk for injury in different age groups. The findings of studies investigating the relation between player characteristics and sport injuries are, however, inconsistent because of the differences in the physical demands of the various sporting activities, different playing conditions, differences in player characteristics under investigation, different research methodologies used as well as differences in the way injury is defined. To compile successfU1 strategies for the reduction and prevention of injuries, each sport participant needs to be screened as an individual with individual risk factors and preventative measures must be adapted for each sport's own specific demands.
Breeding of advanced generation of Eucalyptus macarthurii-growth parameters and development of a near infrared (NIR) calibration model to predict whole tree pulp yield using non destructive cores.

Eucalyptus macarthurii is an important species in forestry in South Africa, as it is the most frost tolerant of the eucalypts grown in this country. In this investigation, growth characteristics (diameter under bark, diameter over bark, bark thickness, bark stripping, stem form, height and basic wood density) of second generation Eucalyptus macarthurii families were evaluated at Pinewoods and Vlakkloof sites in South Africa. Genetic and phenotypic correlations, heritabilities and genetic gains were calculated. Results showed that increased diameter and improvements in stem form have been made in this species through selection and breeding. Genotype by environment interaction was found indicated that different populations should perhaps be developed independently of site types. Genetic and phenotypic correlations of diameter under bark and diameter over bark were (0.91 and 0.96; 0.98 and 0.99 at Pinewoods and Vlakkloof sites respectively, which indicated that selecting for increased diameter over bark will result in increased diameter under bark. These correlations indicated that, selection of one trait could lead to a positive indirect selection for the other traits. At Vlakkloof, stem form improved with increasing diameter. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.03 to 0.23 at both sites for progeny trial E76/P1, and 0.09 to 0.12 for progeny trial E76/P2 at both sites which was within the normal Eucalyptus range, which will results in good response in selecting for best performing individuals with good traits for the next generation. The predicted gains for all traits found at Pinewoods were higher than those at Vlakkloof for progeny trials E76/P1, except height for progeny trial E76/P2, which was lower at Pinewoods (2.09m) and higher at Vlakkloof (3.52m), therefore, selecting for taller trees can be achieved at both sites but better genetic gains can highly achieved at Vlakkloof site. The overall, predicted and actual gains will result in moderate to high genetic gains in the next generation. These results gave a wide scope of increased in traits variation within and between sites, which can be used in selecting for future traits in the forestry breeding programmes.
Alternatives to Steel Grid Decks

Most of the moveable bridges in Florida use open grid steel decks, because these are factory assembled, light-weight, and easy to install. Open grid steel decks, however, are not as skid resistant as solid decks. Costly maintenance, high noise levels, poor riding comfort and susceptibility to vibrations are among the other disadvantages of these decks. The major objective of this project was to develop three alternative deck systems which weigh no more than 25 lb/ft2, have solid riding surface, are no more than 4-5 in. thick and are able to withstand AASHTO LRFD loading. Three deck systems were considered in this study: SAPA aluminum deck by SAPA Group of Sweden, Ductal®-MMFX steel deck and Ductal®-fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tube deck. SAPA aluminum deck panels have been used in Europe, mainly Sweden, for the last 15 years. A detailed experimental and analytical evaluation of the system has been carried out. The experimental work included static and dynamic testing on the deck panels. Analytical work included elastic and simple plastic analysis and detailed finite element analysis. Based on the in-depth experimental and analytical evaluation, it was concluded that SAPA aluminum deck is a feasible alternative to open grid steel deck and ready for implementation. Ductal®-MMFX steel deck is the second alternative system developed as a part of this project. Ductal® is a type of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC). Due to its ultra high strength, Ductal® results in thinner sections, which helps satisfy the strict self-weight limit. A comprehensive experimental and analytical evaluation of the system has been carried out to establish its suitability. Both single and multi-unit specimens with one or two spans have been tested for static loading. Finite element models have been developed to predict the deck behavior. The study leads to the conclusion that the Ductal®-MMFX steel deck has a great potential to serve as an alternative system. The deck requires development of only a few additional components before it is ready to be implemented. Ductal®-FRP tube deck is the third system that was studied in this project. Prestressed hollow core decks are commonly used but this type of steel-free deck is new. Preliminary experimental and analytical evaluations of two simple-span specimens, one with uniform section and the other with tapered section, were carried out. The system has shown good promise to replace the conventional open grid decks. A detailed experimental and analytical work is, however, needed before the system is recommended for field application.
Renewable energy in power systems

Foreword . Preface . Acknowledgements . 1 Energy and Electricity . 1.1 The World Energy Scene. 1.2 The Environmental Impact of Energy Use. 1.3 Generating Electricity. 1.4 The Electrical Power System. References. 2 Features of Conventional and Renewable Generation . 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Conventional Sources: Coal, Gas and Nuclear. 2.3 Hydroelectric Power. 2.4 Wind Power. 2.5 PV and Solar Thermal Electricity. 2.6 Tidal Power. 2.7 Wave Power. 2.8 Biomass. 2.9 Summary of Power Generation Characteristics. 2.10 Combining Sources. References. 3 Power Balance/ Frequency Control . 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Electricity Demand. 3.3 Power Governing. 3.4 Dynamic Frequency Control of Large Systems. 3.5 Impact of Renewable Generation on Frequency Control and Reliability. 3.6 Frequency Response Services from Renewables. 3.7 Frequency Control Modelling. 3.8 Energy Storage. References. Other Useful Reading. 4 Electrical Power Generation and Conditioning . 4.1 The Conversion of Renewable Energy into Electrical Form. 4.2 The Synchronous Generator. 4.3 The Transformer. 4.4 The Asynchronous Generator. 4.5 Power Electronics. 4.6 Applications to Renewable Energy Generators. References. 5 Power System Analysis . 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 The Transmission System. 5.3 Voltage Control. 5.4 Power Flow in an Individual Section of Line. 5.5 Reactive Power Management. 5.6 Load Flow and Power System Simulation. 5.7 Faults and Protection. 5.8 Time Varying and Dynamic Simulations. 5.9 Reliability Analysis. References. 6 Renewable Energy Generation in Power Systems . 6.1 Distributed Generation. 6.2 Voltage Effects. 6.3 Thermal Limits. 6.4 Other Embedded Generation Issues. 6.5 Islanding. 6.6 Fault Ride-through. 6.7 Generator and Converter Characteristics. References. 7 Power System Economics and the Electricity Market . 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 The Costs of Electricity Generation. 7.3 Economic Optimization in Power Systems. 7.4 External Costs. 7.5 Effects of Embedded Generation. 7.6 Support Mechanisms for Renewable Energy. 7.7 Electricity Trading. References. 8 The Future - Towards a Sustainable Electricity Supply System . 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 The Future of Wind Power. 8.3 The Future of Solar Power. 8.4 The Future of Biofuels. 8.5 The Future of Hydro and Marine Power. 8.6 Distributed Generation and the Shape of Future Networks. 8.7 Conclusions. References. Appendix: Basic Electric Power Engineering Concepts . A.1 Introduction. A.2 Generators and Consumers of Energy. A.3 Why AC? A.4 AC Waveforms. A.5 Response of Circuit Components to AC. A.6 Phasors. A.7 Phasor Addition. A.8 Rectangular Notation. A.9 Reactance and Impedance. A.10 Power in AC Circuits. A.11 Reactive Power. A.12 Complex Power. A.13 Conservation of Active and Reactive Power. A.14 Effects of Reactive Power Flow - Power Factor Correction. A.15 Three-phase AC. A.16 The Thevenin Equivalent Circuit. Reference. Index.
THE USE OF GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA

The adverse impacts to the environment from the construction industry had lead to a growing realisation that there is a need for a more sustainable and responsible approach to the current practices. This growing attention pushes the government and professional bodies in Malaysia to be more proactive in alleviating this problem without restraining the need for development. But, have these borne fruits? Creating sustainable construction depends on the knowledge and involvement of all people involved in the industry. So, what is the level of understanding of this concept and application? This report aims to explore the issues of green building materials in the construction industry in Malaysia. Through intensive literature study, it has brought better understanding on the definition and purpose of using green building materials. In addition, this research includes the construction process work for green building materials, risk management for green building materials, design and construction relationships and environmental assessment of materials. This research also recommends some green building materials to be used in the construction industry in Malaysia. Data of this research were collected through questionnaire survey and interview with appropriate professionals. Recommendation will be proposed in order for the construction industry to move towards sustainability. In conclusion, it is necessary to raise the awareness of sustainable development and educate the organisations and public in order to create avenues for further action towards continual performance improvement.