Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nanotube and Resistive Random Access Memory Based Unbalanced Ternary Logic Gates and Basic Arithmetic Circuits

In this paper, the design of ternary logic gates (standard ternary inverter, ternary NAND, ternary NOR) based on carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) and resistive random access memory (RRAM) is proposed. Ternary logic has emerged as a very promising alternative to the existing binary logic systems owing to its energy efficiency, operating speed, information density and reduced circuit overheads such as interconnects and chip area. The proposed design employs active load RRAM and CNTFET instead of large resistors to implement ternary logic gates. The proposed ternary logic gates are then utilised to carry out basic arithmetic functions and is extendable to implement additional complex functions. The proposed ternary gates show significant advantages in terms of component count, chip area, power consumption, energy consumption and dense fabrication. The results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed models with a reduction of 50% in transistor count for the STI, TNAND and TNOR logic gates. For THA and THS arithmetic modules 65.11% reduction in transistor count is observed while for TM design, around 38% reduction is observed. In this work, we aim to demonstrate the viability of RRAM in the design of ternary logic systems, thus the focus is mainly on obtaining the proper functionality of the proposed design. Also the proposed logic gates show a very small variation in power consumption and energy consumption with variation in process parameters, temperature, output load, supply voltage and operating frequency. For simulations, HSPICE tool is used to verify the authenticity of the proposed designs. The ternary half adder, ternary half subtractor and ternary multiplier circuits are then implemented utilising the proposed gates and validated through simulations.
Color Transfer With Salient Features Mapping via Attention Maps Between Images

Color transfer is a useful image editing technology that transfers the color style of a reference image to a source image. In this paper, a novel automatic perception color transfer method based on salient features mapping was proposed. Firstly, the saliency maps of the reference image and source image are built to predict the human visual attention regions. Secondly, the gradient map is calculated by convolving the image pair with Sobel filter. Thirdly, the saliency map and gradient map are combined to produce a weighted attention map. Fourthly, by thresholding the attention map the reference image and the source image are segmented into regions of salient and non-salient pixels, and mean and standard deviation of these two regions are calculated in the three channels of the YUV space, respectively. Finally, on the salient and non-salient pixels an execution similar to Reinhard’s is performed, and the two results are combined to generate the final output. The experiments result show the superiority of our method by its pleasant natural appearance with color similarity and image details preservation, high time efficiency and easy implementation.
Radar Coincidence Imaging With a Uniform Circular Array

Radar coincidence imaging (RCI), used in conjunction with a uniform circular array (UCA), is presented in this paper. When performing two-dimensional (2-D) imaging for a target, using RCI in conjunction with a uniform linear array (ULA), in three-dimensional (3-D) coordinates, the symmetry phenomenon occurs in certain situation. To overcome this problem, using RCI with a UCA is proposed. First, the symmetry phenomenon of RCI with a ULA and the causes are introduced. Then, the RCI method with a UCA is presented, the signal model is given based on the UCA, and the imaging method is introduced. Finally, the general relationship between the resolution of RCI with a UCA and the independent characteristic of the reference radiation field is analyzed. In view of this, RCI with a UCA has better adaptability to 2-D imaging in 3-D coordinates. Simulation results validate the theoretical analysis and the imaging method.
SAR ATR Using Complex-Valued CNN

In the past years, many classification algorithms have proven to be effective and efficient in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Automatic Target Recognition (ATR). Among them, classification algorithms based on convolutional neural network (CNN) have attracted extensive interest because of high accuracy. However, many CNN-based SAR ATR algorithms just use the amplitude information of SAR data, ignoring the phase information. In this study, a complex-valued CNN is proposed to address this issue. We introduce the complex-valued operations in the calculation of the network, so the complex-valued CNN can extract features in the complex-valued field. It is beneficial to utilize both the amplitude and phase information of the SAR data. And our complex-valued CNN utilizes the Squeeze and Excitation Module (SE Module) to apply weighting factors for the feature maps in the same layer. In ten military targets of MSTAR classification experiment, our model achieves a recognition rate of 98.97%. The accuracy of our complex-valued CNN is superior to many real-valued CNN algorithms in the MSTAR classification experiment.
Performance and Complexity Comparison of Adaptive Loop-Bandwidth Tracking Techniques

This paper analyzes the performance and complexity of state-of-the-art adaptive scalar tracking techniques used in modern digital global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. Ideally, a tracking channel should be able to adjust to both noisy and dynamic environments for optimal performance. Precision and robustness define the performance of the tracking. The difference between the square root of the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) and the average tracking jitter at the discriminator’s output determines the precision of the tracking, whereas the speed of the response specifies the robustness of the tracking in high dynamic scenarios. The amount of operations required to implement a robust tracking technique indicates the complexity of the algorithm. The fast adaptive bandwidth, the fuzzy logic, and the loop-bandwidth control algorithm adaptive tracking techniques are first analyzed and evaluated in a software receiver. Second, these techniques are implemented in an open software interface GNSS hardware receiver for testing in simulated scenarios with real-world conditions. The scenarios represent different dynamics and noise cases. The results show the loop-bandwidth control algorithm’s advantage over adaptive loop-bandwidth techniques while preserving good tracking performance and low complexity.
A Random Forest Approach for Continuous Prediction of Joint Angles and Moments During Walking: An Implication for Controlling Active Knee-Ankle Prostheses/Orthoses

Transfemoral amputees use knee-ankle prostheses to restore impaired locomotion. Active prostheses can potentially overcome the limitations of passive ones by better supporting missing muscle function with additional motor power. The control algorithms of such embedded motors should be tailored to understand the users locomotive intention and translate them into the required locomotion similar to that of an able-bodied individual. For individuals with transfemoral amputation, the control algorithm should produce the desired locomotion by controlling an active knee and ankle joint to generate appropriate knee angle, knee moment, ankle angle and ankle moment. Machine learning models could be utilized to develop control algorithms for active prosthesis. In this paper, a random forest strategy is proposed for the continuous prediction of the angles and moments of the knee and ankle during walking. Experimentally obtained thigh motion data were provided as the input to the random forest model. It is shown that, for level ground walking at self-selected speed, the proposed method could predict the angles and moments of the knee and ankle with high accuracy (mean $R^{2}$ value of 0.995 for knee angle, 0.951 for knee moment, 0.966 for ankle angle, and 0.941 for ankle moment). The proposed strategy shows potential for continuously controlling an active ankle-knee prosthesis for a transfemoral amputee, whose thigh angular motion can be used to infer the required prosthetic moments and angles.
Elderly Fall Risk Prediction with Plantar Center of Force Using ConvLSTM Algorithm

Elderly people are vulnerable to falls due to the decline of balance ability, resulting in physical injury, so early detection is essential for fall prevention and reduction in the elderly. Biomechanical sensor data can provide valuable insight into fall risk. However, extracting features from raw time series is a tough task for traditional machine learning methods. In this paper, an end-to-end trainable model named ConvLSTM was proposed to assess fall risk, which works directly on raw plantar force data. 85 elderly people (46 High-risk and 39 low-risk) were recruited for this study. A Footscan® system was used to collect force data of the whole plantar area when each subject walked at normal and steady speed. Firstly, we use t-test to verify the differences between the two risk groups. And then we compared the performance of ConvLSTM model to a baseline model called DTW-KNN. Experimental results show that the classification sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the ConvLSTM model are optimally 93%, 94% and 94% respectively, which outperforms the DTW-KNN model. The successful application of this model can accurately assess the risk of falls in the elderly, thus providing an early warning basis for fall intervention.
DeepArrNet: An Efficient Deep CNN Architecture for Automatic Arrhythmia Detection and Classification From Denoised ECG Beats

In this paper, an efficient deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is proposed based on depthwise temporal convolution along with a robust end-to-end scheme to automatically detect and classify arrhythmia from denoised electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, which is termed as ‘DeepArrNet’. Firstly, considering the variational pattern of wavelet denoised ECG data, a realistic augmentation scheme is designed that offers a reduction in class imbalance as well as increased data variations. A structural unit, namely PTP (Pontwise-Temporal-Pointwise Convolution) unit, is designed with its variants where depthwise temporal convolutions with varying kernel sizes are incorporated along with prior and post pointwise convolution. Afterward, a deep neural network architecture is constructed based on the proposed structural unit where series of such structural units are stacked together while increasing the kernel sizes for depthwise temporal convolutions in successive units along with the residual linkage between units through feature addition. Moreover, multiple depthwise temporal convolutions are introduced with varying kernel sizes in each structural unit to make the process more efficient while strided convolutions are utilized in the residual linkage between subsequent units to compensate the increased computational complexity. This architecture provides the opportunity to explore the temporal features in between convolutional layers more optimally from different perspectives utilizing diversified temporal kernels. Extensive experimentations are carried out on two publicly available datasets to validate the proposed scheme that results in outstanding performances in all traditional evaluation metrics outperforming other state-of-the-art approaches.
Firms’ ICT and Innovation in Jakarta Metropolitan Area

The aim of this study is to analyze the difference in innovations for firms that either do or do not use information and communication technology (ICT). In today’s digital era not all firms using are ICT. It would be interesting to know the difference in innovation performance between companies with and without ICT usage. Data from the last wave of the Enterprise Survey for Indonesia 2015 was analyzed using descriptive statistics and a test of differences using the Chi-Square test. The region of focus for this paper is the Jakarta Metropolitan Area. Jakarta is the current capital city of Indonesia and the second most populous metropolitan area after the Tokyo urban area. The analysis shows that significant differences were observed in both product and process innovations. This study can be beneficial for understanding the role of ICT in firm innovation, especially for firms in metropolitan areas and emerging economies.
Sensitivity-Based Change Detection for Dynamic Constrained Optimization

In dynamic constrained optimization, changes may occur in either the objective function or constraint functions, or both. However, although research on dynamic optimization has been growing significantly, it is centered mainly around unconstrained problems. On the other hand, research on dynamic constrained problems has considered simple extensions of those conducted on unconstrained ones. These approaches are usually computationally expensive and exhibit slow convergence in changed environments. To develop an effective algorithm for dynamic constrained problems with changes occurring in only the constraint’s space, in this research, we propose a sensitive constraint detection mechanism that provides valuable information for determining the movements of solutions in changing environments. As, by incorporating it with a search process, the convergence of an algorithm can be accelerated, it is adopted with a multi-operator evolutionary type of algorithm which is then tested on a set of constrained dynamic problems. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the benefits of this proposed approach.
Psychosocial ICT: The Potential, Challenges and Benefits of Self-help Tools for Refugees with Negative Mental Stress

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has penetrated almost all areas of life today and has the potential to create positive change. This paper addresses the opportunities offered by ICT for improving the resilience and psychosocial well-being of refugees who have experienced mentally stressful events when forced to leave their home country and seek shelter in a different host country. We want to distinguish between perceived stress and clinically-defined trauma, for which therapeutic interventions require direct personal contact with psychological experts. However, we also want to focus on the digital possibilities that currently exist to support establishing this kind of personal connection. Many refugees need to seek psychological help, but social, economic and cultural barriers hold them back. Our qualitative study with refugees, psychologists and volunteers provides insights into how refugees deal with their mental issues and the challenges they face in everyday life. We aim to show that ICT can play a major role in terms of addressing awareness and self-empowerment as an entry point for this vulnerable group. We also discuss the potential challenges and benefits of ICT for refugees seeking to recover their mental stability.
Testosterone Treatment and Sexual Function in Older Men With Low Testosterone Levels.

CONTEXT The Testosterone Trials are a coordinated set of seven trials to determine the efficacy of T in symptomatic men ≥65 years old with unequivocally low T levels. Initial results of the Sexual Function Trial showed that T improved sexual activity, sexual desire, and erectile function. OBJECTIVE To assess the responsiveness of specific sexual activities to T treatment; to relate hormone changes to changes in sexual function; and to determine predictive baseline characteristics and T threshold for sexual outcomes. DESIGN A placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Twelve academic medical centers in the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 470 men ≥65 years of age with low libido, average T <275 ng/dL, and a partner willing to have sexual intercourse at least twice a month. METHODS Men were assigned to take T gel or placebo for 1 year. Sexual function was assessed by three questionnaires every 3 months: the Psychosexual Daily Questionnaire, the Derogatis Interview for Sexual Function, and the International Index of Erectile Function. RESULTS Compared with placebo, T administration significantly improved 10 of 12 measures of sexual activity. Incremental increases in total and free T and estradiol levels were associated with improvements in sexual activity and desire, but not erectile function. No threshold T level was observed for any outcome, and none of the 27 baseline characteristics predicted responsiveness to T. CONCLUSIONS In older men with low libido and low T levels, improvements in sexual desire and activity in response to T treatment were related to the magnitude of increases in T and estradiol levels, but there was no clear evidence of a threshold effect.
Impact of pharmaceutical packaging on consumer buying behaviour of otc drugs in port harcourt, Nigeria

This study investigates the role of pharmaceutical packaging on consumer buying behavior of over-the counter (OTC) drugs in Port Harcourt. The research is based on consumers visiting community pharmacies within Port Harcourt. A well structured questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale was designed and used for this study to obtain primary data from respondents. Section A of the questionnaire includes questions pertaining to respondents demographic data such as age, sex and educational qualification while Section B contains questions on packaging color, background image, packaging material, design of wrapper, and other innovations which are all pharmaceutical packaging dimensions (independent variable) and consumers buying behaviour (dependent variable). Due to changing consumers’ lifestyle the interest in package as tool of sales promotion and stimulator of impulsive buying behavior is increasing. The result showed that pharmaceutical packaging has a great influence on consumer buying behavior. As such it can be concluded that packaging has an important role in marketing communications, especially at the point of sale and could be treated as one of the most important factors influencing consumer’s purchase decision.
A Convergence Structural Model for Self-leadership among Female Freshmen in Health Majors Studying TOEIC

This study ascertained convergent influence on self-leadership and its association with self-competence, self-efficacy and locus of control among female freshmen in health majors studying TOEIC. Data collection was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire from April 29, 2019 to May 10, 2019 and the target was randomly selected 201 female freshmen in health majors in TOEIC class from college located in J city. Self-leadership was positively correlated with self-competence, self-efficacy and locus of control. The covariance structure analysis showed that the higher self-competence, the higher self-efficacy and the lower locus of control tend to increase self-leadership. The results of the study indicate that the efforts, to increase self-competence and self-efficacy, to decrease locus of control, are required to improve self-leadership of female freshmen in health majors studying TOEIC. These results are expected to be used for educational counseling and intervention efforts to enhance self-leadership among female freshmen in health majors studying TOEIC. In future studies, further research on additional factors affecting self-leadership is needed.
ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF TONGUE IN THE HEDGEHOG (HEMIECHINUS AURITUS)

Article History: Received 15, March, 2014 Received in revised form 26, March, 2014 Accepted 10, April, 2014 Published online 28, April, 2014 The aim of the present study was to investigate the Anatomical and histological structure of the tongue in Hedgehog. For this purpose, the tongues of 10 adult hedgehogs were dissected. Their weight, length and wide were measured and photoed. Then, they were fixed in 10% nutrient buffer formalin and prepared by tissue processing (fixation, dehydrated, clearing and impregnation). The serial sections (6 μ) were stained Haematoxylin and Eosin stain and periodic acid Schiff reagent. The results showed that the free rostral part, is slender shape with round slightly flattened tip and the longitudinal median groove is absent along entire dorsal surface of the tongue, also the torus linguae is absent. The length, width and thickness are presented in Table (1). Four types of lingual papillae with different distribution and density were observed on its dorsal surface. Filiform papillae with the highest density and distribution were whole of tongue,fungiform papillae are distributed among filiform papillae three circumvallate papillae on posterior part of the tongue, but the foliate papilla is rudimentary. The dorsal mucosa, unlike the ventral is thrown into papillae of different shapes and types. The conical light caudally directed filliform papillae covered with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Fungiform papillae were observed as fungi-like shape; with narrow base is slightly keratinized epithelium, circumvallate papillae also present. Mucous and serous glands were in ventral surface of tongue in lamina properia or among muscle bundles.
Rowing

Abstract The general aim of this study was to examine the relations between rigging set up, anthropometry, physical capacity, rowing kinematics and rowing performance. Fifteen elite single scullers participated in the experiment. Each sculler's preferred rigging set‐up was quantified using measurements that included oar length, inboard, span, gearing ratio, swivel‐seat height, footstretcher‐seat height and distance, and footstretcher angles. Rowing performance was assessed using 2000 m race times from the Australian National Selection trials. Selected anthropometric, physical capacity and kinematic variables were also quantified. Several rigging variables were significantly correlated with each other, and with various anthropometric, physical capacity and kinematic variables. The individual variables that had the highest correlations with race time were 2 km ergometer time (r=0.90), mass (r = ‐0.87), height (r = ‐0.86), oar length (r = ‐0.85) and strength (r = ‐0.84). Overall results of this study indicated that the fastest rowers tend to be the largest and strongest, and that these larger body dimensions are reflected in the choice of rigging settings. Rigging set‐up by itself should not be considered to be a primary determinant of rowing performance, but rather a consequence of faster rowers being larger and stronger and scaling their rigging set‐up accordingly. To maximise rowing performance it appears important to tune the rigging of the boat to match the rower's size and strength.
Current

The histocompatibility system is responsible for the rejection of allograft. The system exists to counter the explosive speed of viral replication. It does this by directing the defensive immune attack by cytotoxic T cells on to histocompatibility antigens on the infected cell’s surface. This enables destruction of the virus factories that the infected cells become, before the cytotoxic T cells are swamped by the myriad numbers of new virions, a thousand coming from each infected cell every 10 hours. The immunity system mistakes alloantigens for virus infected host cells that need swift destruction. For transplantation, Sykes has improved Kaplan’s technique by adding recipient bone marrow cells to the donor ones injected for reconstitution of the recipient after immune ablation. This protocol should enable xenografting from untreated pigs, offering instant and unlimited supply of grafts for man.