Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Surface Energy Budget Computed at the Grid‐Scale of a Climate Model Challenged by Station Data in West Africa

In most state‐of‐the‐art climate models, systematic errors persist in the representation of the rainfall seasonality, near surface air temperature, and surface energy budget over West Africa, even during the dry season. Most biases are related to an incorrect latitudinal position of the monsoon structures. To disentangle the role of the large‐scale dynamics from that of the physical processes in these biases, simulations are performed with the LMDZ general circulation model in which the horizontal winds are nudged toward reanalysis. Wind nudging greatly improves the position of the ITCZ as well as the representation of the components of the surface energy budget directly impacted by the water budget and hence facilitates a more systematic analysis of remaining biases associated with the physics in the model. The great potential of wind nudging to compare the energetics of the atmospheric column in climate models at grid cell scale with station observations, even for coarse grid models, is then shown. Despite the improved water advection and rainfall seasonality in the nudged simulations, errors consisting in a cold bias during the dry season over Sahel, an underestimated seasonal variation of surface albedo, and an overestimation of the solar incoming flux remain. The origin of these remaining biases is further investigated by conducting a series of dedicated sensitivity experiments. Results highlight the key role of the soil thermal inertia, the turbulent mixing efficiency, the surface albedo, and the aerosols and clouds radiative effects in the representation of meteorological 2m‐variables and surface energy budget.
Ensemble Learning for Semantic Segmentation of Ancient Maya Architectures

Deep learning methods hold great promise for the automatic analysis of large-scale remote sensing data in archaeological research. Here, we present a robust approach to locating ancient Maya architectures (buildings, aguadas, and platforms) based on integrated segmentation of satellite imagery and aerial laser scanning data. Deep learning models with different architectures and loss functions were trained and combined to form an ensemble for pixel-wise classification. We applied both training data augmentation as well as test-time augmentation and performed morphological cleaning in the post-processing phase. Our approach was evaluated in the context of the “Discover the mysteries of the Maya: An Integrated Image Segmentation Challenge” at ECML PKDD 2021 and achieved one of the best results with an average IoU of 0 . 8183.
The Mechanics of the Cosmos

With the notion of the cosmos existing as a superposition of manifold levels of varying dimensions, we seek to simplify things by explaining all phenomenon in the cosmos with the same set of laws, and by ensuring the same laws work throughout the cosmos and on all the manifold levels. We therefore apply and adopt the laws of classical mechanics which usually only applies to the physical manifold to the remainder of the manifold levels of the cosmos.
An experimental investigation on heat transfer enhancement in circular jet impingement on hot surfaces by using Al2O3/water nano-fluids and aqueous high-alcohol surfactant solution

ABSTRACT The present article reports the heat transfer characteristics of a vertical stainless steel foil of 0.15 mm thickness (SS304) by circular impinging jets of various fluids such as pure water, nano-fluids (Al2O3-water, ф = 0.15%, 0.6%), and aqueous high-alcohol surfactant (HAS, i.e., 2-ethyl-hexanol, 100–400 ppm) studied using an infrared thermal imaging camera (A655sc, FLIR System). The enhancement in the heat transfer rates for Al2O3-water nano-fluids with ф = 0.15%, ф = 0.60%, and aqueous surfactant solution (150ppm) is found to be 140%, 207%, and 117% higher compared to pure water results, respectively. The surface characteristics of the foil after jet impingement by various fluids are also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and surface wettability.
Systems of Quasi-Linear PDEs Arising in the Modelling of Biofilms and Related Dynamical Questions

In the deterministic continuum modelling of biofilms arise systems of degenerate parabolic equations. The highly irregular structure of the governing equations requires new mathematical concepts and ideas to study questions like the existence and uniqueness of solutions. We prove the well-posedness of an extended biofilm model that takes a communication mechanism of the bacteria into account. Motivated by the biological applications we also study the qualitative behaviour of general systems of parabolic PDEs. We formulate criteria for the positivity of solutions and analyse the longtime behaviour of solutions by attractors. In particular, we consider non-autonomous exponential attractors.
Guiding Post-Hospital Recovery by ‘What Matters:’ Implementation of Patient Priorities Identification in a VA Community Living Center

Background: Patient priorities care (PPC) is an effective age-friendly health systems (AFHS) approach to aligning care with goals derived from ‘what matters’. The purpose of this quality improvement program was to evaluate the fidelity and feasibility of the health priorities identification (HPI) process in VA Community Living Centers (CLC). Methods: PPC experts worked with local CLC staff to guide the integration of HPI into the CLC and utilized a Plan–Do–Study–Act (PDSA) model for this quality improvement project. PPC experts reviewed health priorities identification (HPI) encounters and interdisciplinary team (IDT) meetings for fidelity to the HPI process of PPC. Qualitative interviews with local CLC staff determined the appropriateness of the health priorities identification process in the CLC. Results: Over 8 months, nine facilitators completed twenty HPI encounters. Development of a Patient Health Priorities note template, staff education and PPC facilitator training improved fidelity and documentation of HPI encounters in the electronic health record. Facilitator interviews suggested that PPC is appropriate in this setting, not burdensome to staff and fostered a person-centered approach to AFHS. Conclusions: The HPI process is an acceptable and feasible approach to ask the ‘what matters’ component of AFHS in a CLC setting.
The direct identification of core-collapse supernova progenitors

To place core-collapse supernovae (SNe) in context with the evolution of massive stars, it is necessary to determine their stellar origins. I describe the direct identification of SN progenitors in existing pre-explosion images, particularly those obtained through serendipitous imaging of nearby galaxies by the Hubble Space Telescope. I comment on specific cases representing the various core-collapse SN types. Establishing the astrometric coincidence of a SN with its putative progenitor is relatively straightforward. One merely needs a comparably high-resolution image of the SN itself and its stellar environment to perform this matching. The interpretation of these results, though, is far more complicated and fraught with larger uncertainties, including assumptions of the distance to and the extinction of the SN, as well as the metallicity of the SN environment. Furthermore, existing theoretical stellar evolutionary tracks exhibit significant variations one from the next. Nonetheless, it appears fairly certain that Type IIP (plateau) SNe arise from massive stars in the red supergiant phase. Many of the known cases are associated with subluminous Type II-P events. The progenitors of Type II-L (linear) SNe are less established. Among the stripped-envelope SNe, there are now a number of examples of cool, but not red, supergiants (presumably in binaries) as Type IIb progenitors. We appear now finally to have an identified progenitor of a Type Ib SN, but no known example yet for a Type Ic. The connection has been made between some Type IIn SNe and progenitor stars in a luminous blue variable phase, but that link is still thin, based on direct identifications. Finally, I also describe the need to revisit the SN site, long after the SN has faded, to confirm the progenitor
Ionization Efficiency in the Dayside Martian Upper Atmosphere

Combining the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution measurements of neutral atmospheric density, solar EUV/X-ray flux, and differential photoelectron intensity made during 240 nominal orbits, we calculate the ionization efficiency, defined as the ratio of the secondary (photoelectron impact) ionization rate to the primary (photon impact) ionization rate, in the dayside Martian upper atmosphere under a range of solar illumination conditions. Both the CO2 and O ionization efficiencies tend to be constant from 160 km up to 250 km, with respective median values of 0.19 ± 0.03 and 0.27 ± 0.04. These values are useful for fast calculation of the ionization rate in the dayside Martian upper atmosphere, without the need to construct photoelectron transport models. No substantial diurnal and solar cycle variations can be identified, except for a marginal trend of reduced ionization efficiency approaching the terminator. These observations are favorably interpreted by a simple scenario with ionization efficiencies, as a first approximation, determined by a comparison between relevant cross sections. Our analysis further reveals a connection between regions with strong crustal magnetic fields and regions with high ionization efficiencies, which are likely indicative of more efficient vertical transport of photoelectrons near magnetic anomalies.
Momentum transport process in the quasi self-similar region of free shear mixing layer

In this study, we performed a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a spatially developing shear mixing layer covering both developing and developed regions. The aim of this study is to clarify the driving mechanism and the vortical structure of the partial counter-gradient momentum transport (CGMT) appearing in the quasi self-similar region. In the present DNS, the self-similarity is confirmed in x/L ≥ 0.67 (x/δU0 ≥ 137), where L and δU0 are the vertical length of the computational domain and the initial momentum thickness, respectively. However, the trend of CGMT is observed at around kδU = 0.075 and 0.15, where k is the wavenumber, δU is the normalized momentum thickness at x/L = 0.78 (x/δU0 = 160), and kδU = 0.075 corresponds to the distance between the vortical/stretching regions of the coherent structure. The budget analysis for the Reynolds shear stress reveals that it is caused by the pressure diffusion term at the off-central region and by −p(∂u/∂y)¯ in the pressure-strain correlation term at the .
The Effects of Core Stability Exercise in Improving Back Muscle Strength, Limb Muscles and Dynamic Balance in the Elderly in Singaraja, Indonesia

Balance disorders are a severe problem for the elderly. Exercise that can increase the power of the back muscles, leg muscles and dynamic balance is physical exercise in core stability exercise (CSE). This study aimed to analyse core stability exercise's effect on increasing back muscle strength, leg muscles, and dynamic balance in the elderly. Fifty-six elderly people aged 60-70 years were selected by simple random sampling as the sample in this study. The exercise program was given CSE (n: 28) for four weeks as the intervention group. The back and leg muscle strength were measured using the Back-leg dynamometer and balance measurement using the Time Up Go Test (TUGT). T-test and Mann-Whitney analyses were used to compare the results before and after the intervention. The different tests between the intervention and the control group obtained a p-value of 0.001, meaning an effect of CSE to increase the strength of the back muscles, leg muscles, and dynamic balance in the elderly existed. This study proved that CSE effectively increased back muscle strength, leg muscles and dynamic balance in the elderly. It is suggested to analyze the effectiveness of CSE based on the characteristics of the respondents.
Influence of Euribor on interest rates on new loans granted to corporates and households: The case of Serbia

The paper deals with the impact of the Euribor and risk premium on interest rates on foreign currency loans and FX-indexed loans that are approved to the corporate sector and the household sector in Serbia. Total new loans granted to corporates, total new loans granted to households, new investment loans granted to corporates and new housing loans granted to households are observed. The observed period is from September 2010 to August 2020. The main goal is to determine whether there is a long-run relation between Euribor and risk premium and the given interest rates, and what is the strength of the given relation. Empirical estimates show that there is a statistically significant impact of Euribor, as well as country risk premium, on lending rates on new households as well as corporate investment FX and FX-indexed loans, with high passthrough coefficients. For the total new corporate FX and FX-indexed loans we also included nonperforming loans as explaining variable which is shown to be statistically significant and whose fall also influenced the fall of lending rates on these loans.
Hydrolysis and Analysis of Agricultural Wastes Using Mineral Acids for Possible Glucose Synthesis

This work focuses on conversion of agricultural wastes into fermentable sugar via acid hydrolysis. Proximate and ultimate analysis was carried out to ascertain the physiochemical properties of the biomass feedstock and fermentable sugar. Mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was used as the media for the conversion of plantain peels and water yam peels into fermentable sugar. Concentration of glucose was analyzed using DNS techniques. Modelling of the process was done using three established kinetic models to determine the rate determining step. Results showed that untreated plantain peels and water yam peels contained 30.1% and 6.4% cellulose but increased significantly to 55.1% and 10.03% after hydrolysis indicating increase in fermentable sugar. In comparing the same conditions of plantain-HCl, plantain-HS, water yam-HCl and water yam-HS at 80°C with acid concentration/sample ratio of 0.5:2 at time 90 mins, plantain peels with HCl yield highest concentration of 4.09mg/l fermentable sugar while at the same condition water yam produced 2.031mg/l. Second order kinetic model appears to be the best fit for the process with better correlation coefficient R2 >99% with HCl and plantain peels at a reaction temperature of 60oC conforming to the rate determining step. The model demonstrated an increasing rate constant with increase in temperature which agrees with the magnitude of the hydrolysis process. This work will help in solving the energy need of our society if commercialized. Also, it can serve as a viable alternative to environmental cleanliness because wastes will become raw materials. Plantain peels and water yam peels demonstrated good potential as a source of fermentable sugar but plantain peels performed better.
The Effect of Financial Performance, Leverage and Company Size on Company Value in the Food and Beverage Manufacturing Sector

This study's objective is to empirically establish whether financial performance, leverage, and firm size have a partial or simultaneous impact on firm value for the Food and Beverage Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2018 and 2020. Financial success as determined by ROA, leverage as determined by DER, and company size as determined by Size—as well as one dependent variable—firm value as measured by PBV—make up this study. There are 23 companies in this study that fit the requirements and have a combined revenue of 69 financial statements in Between 2018 and 2020, businesses in the food and beverage industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). According to the research, a firm's financial performance increases its value. In light of the fact that the Leverage variable has an impact on company value, firm size positively affects the worth of the company. Based on the study's findings, it can be said that financial performance, leverage, and firm size all affect corporate value simultaneously food and beverage sector in 2018-2020
Synthesis of Ag3PO4 nanospheres for significant photocatalytic activity under direct sunlight irradiation

ABSTRACT Ag3PO4 nanospheres were synthesized by a simple method. The as-prepared nanomaterials were characterized by a variety of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelec-tron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Ag3PO4 catalyst has an excellent photocatalytic performance under sunlight irradiation due to the high separation efficiency of electron and hole pairs. Significantly, the stability and recycling of the photocatalyst were also investigated. This study may provide a new insight into the design and preparation of visible-light photocatalytic materials.
Writing in Math: A Disciplinary Literacy Approach

ABSTRACT Mathematics teachers often resist generic literacy strategies because they do not seem relevant to math learning. Discipline-specific literacy practices that emerge directly from the math content and processes under study are more likely to be embraced by math teachers. Furthermore, national and state-level mathematics standards as well as Common Core standards provide frameworks for situating literacy practices squarely within the disciplines. A disciplinary literacy approach to writing in math requires teachers to develop innovative strategies and practices that link writing to particular mathematical processes and tasks. An example is shared of a math writing approach developed by a middle school teacher used to prompt her students' critical thinking and problem solving processes during the study of algebra. She designed a template that when completed can serve as a reflective tool for her students and provide the teacher useful feedback on their learning. The example of teaching with the template as a guide for working through steps to solve a story problem demonstrates what disciplinary writing can look like in a typical middle school classroom.
Study of Control Strategies for Robot Ball Catching

La tesi riguarda lo studio di un possibile scenario per la cattura di una palla con un braccio robotico usando tecnologie disponibili e considerando due problemi principali: studiare differenti strategie di controllo per il braccio robotico al fine di catturare la palla (controllo predittivo e prospettivo); implementare un simulatore in ROS che simula il robot reale, includendo un sistema di visione per riconoscere e tracciare la palla usando il sensore Microsoft Kinect, con diverse simulazioni
Stabilization and identification of nonlinear systems

In this thesis methods for the stabilization and identification of nonlinear systems are presented. By considering successful theories for the stabilization of linear systems, approaches to the nonlinear problem are uncovered. This is one of the motivating forces of this thesis. We are interested in pushing back the restrictions of linearity as far as is possible so as to both expose the more general underlying nonlinear theory and to highlight the limitations of the linear theory when applied to nonlinear systems. One question which motivates our work is: " What class of systems may be stabilized by a specific adaptive controller. " In the first part of the thesis a factorization approach to the stabilization of nonlinear systems is taken. This is initially considered from an input-output point of view. onlinear definitions for coprimeness are presented, and conditions for the existence of such factorizations are examined. The role of the operators represented by matrices consisting of the factors of the plant and controller in the stability and well-posedness of the system is examined. The Youla-Kucera parameterization for the class of all controllers for a given plant is extended to the nonlinear case. These stabilizing controllers are parameterized by a single stable operator, Q. By using the left factorizations of the plant and controller it is seen that the linear results may be readily generalized. The class of all plants stabilized by a particular controller may be parameterized by the stable operator S. This leads naturally to a characterization of the class of all bounded-input stable pairs . Given an initial stable plant-controller pair, a new system derived from the original plant and controller by the parameters S and Q will be stable if and only if the feedback system of Sand Q is stable. Some results in Nonlinear Robust Control follow. By formulating a generalization of linear fractional maps, an exact relationship between the nonlinear plant (controller) and its parameterizing operator S (Q), may be derived. This may be expressed either in terms of the right or left factorizations of the plant and
Fundamental Literacy of Cash Waqf and Its Impact on Interest in Waqf Among Students With Religiosity as a Moderating Variable

The purpose of this study was to find out whether the cash waqf literacy variable affects students' interest in cash waqf and whether the moderating variable, namely religiosity, will strengthen or weaken the influence of the relationship between literacy variables on student interest in waqf variables. This research was conducted on students of the Ahmad Dahlan Institute of Technology and Business. The sample used in this study was students of the Ahmad Dahlan Jakarta Institute of Technology and Business who were still actively studying. The sampling technique of this study used a nonprobability sampling technique. The number of samples used in this study was 200 respondents. The analysis technique used in this study is the Moderated Regression Analysis, which is an application of multiple linear regression where the equation contains an element of interaction (multiplication of two/more independent variables). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that cash waqf literacy has a positive effect on interest in cash waqf among students. Furthermore, religiosity moderates the relationship between cash waqf literacy and interest in cash waqf. In other words, the religiosity variable can strengthen the relationship between cash waqf literacy and interest in cash waqf among students.
Do chewing simulators influence the test results of dental materials? Systematic review

Investigate whether different results about the physical properties of the same biomaterial frequently found in the literature are due to chewing simulator deficiency. A literature review was performed by searching for data on indicators of test accuracy, reproducibility, maintenance of test parameters during all experiments, and standards in the articles or in the sites of manufacturers. The database searched was CAPES PORTAL, and the keywords used were “bite force” AND “simulator”, “chewing simulator” and “mastication simulator”. Including criteria for the papers are publication filter date of “January 1, 2016”, articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese language were accepted. The first 100 papers that seemed suitable when considering the title and abstract were recovered. Only one simulator used for food property studies had the parameters searched. In the customized simulators for biomaterial properties, only one showed standards, and 8 showed all other parameters searched. All manufactured simulators showed all parameters searched, and only two manufactures did not show standards. Based on the data obtained, the disparate results of experiments with dental materials appeared to be more related to the test conditions than to the testing machines. Knowledge Transfer Statement The findings of the current review suggest that the chewing simulators used in preclinical research are reliable, bringing safety to restorative processes regarding the material. Any difference in preclinical investigations about dental material physical properties is due to test conditions other than chewing simulators.