Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of sustainable production indicators using the analytical hierarchy process for the petrochemical industry in Malaysia / Vijayalakshmi Benjamin Samuel

The objectives of this original research was to identify sustainable production indicators (SPIs) for the petrochemical industry in Malaysia, prioritise them in order of importance and establish a methodology for the assessment of sustainable production using the Lowell Centre Indicator Framework developed by the Lowell Centre for Sustainable Production (LCSP) at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, US. The petrochemical industry was selected because it is energy intensive, generates significant impacts and has high dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels. The SPIs were identified and shortlisted from the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Guidelines 3.1 by the research respondents comprising EHS managers from 13 petrochemical plants in Malaysia. Out of the 81 indicators listed under six main categories of the guidelines, 19 indicators were shorlisted and prioritised using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The commercial PC-based software, Expert Choice™ was used to calculate the weights. The findings of the research indicated that for the six categories evaluated, Environment was ranked as the SPI with the highest priority (0.3777), followed by Labour Practices and Decent Work (0.197), Society (0.133), Economy (0.106), Product Responsibility (0.102) and Human Rights (0.057). For the ranking involving the indicators from all six categories, the top five global sub-criteria are as follows: (1) EN28a: Number of EHS regulatory non-compliance; (2) LA7a: Number of Loss Time Injuries (LTIs); (3): PR1a: Number of environmental, health and safety elements included in the product life cycle assessment; (4) EN6a: Percent of staff hired from local community and (5) HR4: Total number of incidents of discrimination. These indicators were then assessed against the LCSP framework to develop a methodology to understand at which sustainability level they were at and how to progress further.
Reproducing Inequality in a Formally Antiracist Organization: The Case of Racialized Career Pathways in the United Methodist Church

Victor Ray argues organizations are racial structures that legitimate the unequal distribution of resources and stratify the agency of racial groups through organizational processes that treat White identity as a credential and decouple formal rules meant to reduce disparities from practice. This study demonstrates the utility of this theory in an empirical case study of disparities in earnings, job quality, and advancement among clergy in the United Methodist Church. Despite the preferences articulated by Black clergy, the formal organizational policies that ban race as a consideration in appointment making were decoupled from managerial practices; thus, clergy and congregations were matched on race. Because of local control over salaries and major resource disparities between congregations, race matching led to Black-White disparities in pay, advancement, working conditions, and professional support. The most promising remedy is a common salary scale with a more comprehensive redistribution process to address resources inequalities across congregations.
Digital Analysis of the Water Layout Ecological Wisdom in Traditional Chinese Rural Settlements: A Case Study of Liukeng Village in Jiangxi Province

Abstract: During the long-term construction and development process of eliminating water disasters and promoting water conservancy in traditional settlements, a set of mature strategies that have simple ecological wisdom in water layout have been formed by adapting to the natural water environment and utilizing the regional water system. This study conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the water layout strategies and their effects on Liukeng Village from three aspects: deciphering the water systematic pattern, calculating the spatial characteristics and quantifying the water environment, to explore the technical assistance and potential of water layout research in traditional rural settlements. The results indicated that Liukeng has an unambiguously systematic water layout pattern of source diversion, middle drainage and end purification of the water. Through 3D point cloud computing, it was shown that the site selection made accurate use of micro-topography and adopted the strategy of a multi-source water management. It formed an organic water system pattern, which provided sufficient water sources for all kinds of needs of Liukeng Village.The Dragon Lake in Liukeng held 83.0% of the precipitation, and the vegetation area accounted for 34.7% of the total area of Liukeng, which had high surface permeability and good middle drainage effects. Water detection showed that the Dragon Lake provided good water quality and purification. The purposes of this study are to fill the gap in previous non-quantitative research on water layout in traditional rural settlements, excavate the hidden information and value of settlements, and deepen our understanding of the ecological wisdom of the overall planning, layout and construction of water conservancy in traditional rural settlements. This knowledge can assist the win-win situation of water conservancy cultural heritage protection and modern utilization. It also provides useful inspiration and reference for properly dealing with the problems of rain and flooding, realizing the sustainability of water resources, and protecting the ecological environment in the process of the development and construction of village settlements in China.
New Records of a Subfamily, Genus and Eight Species of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Iran

ABSTRACT: Species diversity of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) is studied in the province Mazandaran (northern Iran). In total, 27 species from 22 genera were collected and identified. The subfamily Oxytorinae Thomson, 1883 and the genus Agrypon Förster, 1860 are new records for the fauna of Iran together with eight species: Agrypon clandestinum (Gravenhorst, 1829), Lissonota (Lissonota) nitida (Gravenhorst, 1829), Meloboris collector (Thunberg, 1824), Gelis agilis (Fabricius, 1775), Gelis stevenii (Gravenhorst, 1829), Lathrolestes buccinator (Holmgren, 1857), Oxytorus luridator (Gravenhorst, 1820) and Polyblastus (Polyblastus) cothurnatus (Gravenhorst, 1829). In this paper, five species are recorded for the first time as the hosts of Ichneumonidae: Lacanobia oleracea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for Meloboris collector (Thunberg, 1824), Apterona helicoidella (Vallot, 1827) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) for Cryptus spiralis (Geoffroy, 1785), Fenusa ulmi Sundevall, 1847 (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) for Lathrolestes buccinator (Holmgren, 1857), Hedya nubiferana Haworth, 1811 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) for Exochus castaniventris Brauns, 1896 and Leucoma wiltshirei Collenette, 1938 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) for Aritranis director (Thunberg, 1824).
Dynamics of the Alpine Treeline Ecotone under Global Warming: A Review

Abstract: The alpine treeline ecotone is defined as a forest-grassland or forest-tundra transition boundary either between subalpine forest and treeless grassland, or between subalpine forest and treeless tundra. The alpine treeline ecotone serves irreplaceable ecological functions and provides various ecosystem services. There are three lines associated with the alpine treeline ecotone, the tree species line (i.e., the highest elevational limit of individual tree establishment and growth), the treeline (i.e., the transition line between tree islands and isolated individual trees) and the timber line (i.e., the upper boundary of the closed subalpine forest). The alpine treeline ecotone is the belt region between the tree species line and the timber line of the closed forest. The treeline is very sensitive to climate change and is often used as an indicator for the response of vegetation to global warming. However, there is currently no comprehensive review in the field of alpine treeline advance under global warming. Therefore, this review summarizes the literature and discusses the theoretical bases and challenges in the study of alpine treeline dynamics from the following four aspects: (1) Ecological functions and issues of treeline dynamics; (2) Methodology for monitoring treeline dynamics; (3) Treeline shifts in different climate zones; (4) Driving factors for treeline upward shifting.
Wind tunnel tests of the pusher propeller : an assessment of accuracy

A pusher propeller is one of popular types of the airplane propulsion. It is applied especially in light sport aircrafts and in the UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). Its main advantage is that the engine with the pusher propeller does not affect the visibility from the cockpit and allows placing an electronic equipment in the front part of the UAV’s fuselage. The main disadvantage of the pusher propeller is that its performance may be worse than the tractor propeller, because of a stream distortion caused by the fuselage. It should be taken into account during propeller tests. The most accurate way is to investigate the pusher propeller in the presence of the complete airplane, as a part of airplane wind tunnel tests. However, this approach is possible in a late stage of the airplane design, when the geometry of the airplane is fixed. In the paper, an alternative, innovative approach for the propulsion tests has been presented. The propeller was investigated in a wind tunnel in a presence of the aft part of the fuselage, including a root part of the wing. A typical propeller and a ducted fan have been investigated. The results has been compared with the results of the wind tunnel tests of the complete airplane (with powered propulsion) to evaluate the accuracy of this methodology. The investigated propulsion was designed for a joined wing UAV, ILX-32 MOSUPS.
PATTERNS OF WILDLIFE ACTIVITY AND PREDATOR-PREY DYNAMICS IN A HIGHLY TOURISTED AREA

Abstract Tourist activity in natural areas may impact species' behavior and ecology as well as predator-prey dynamics. Although previous research has demonstrated effects of human disturbance on wildlife communities, only a limited number of studies have focused on small mammals and coyote predator-prey systems. To generate an overview of human impacts on these wildlife communities, we analyzed camera trap data from a human-disturbed site at Lake Tahoe, California. To compare species' activity patterns in relation to distances from human-disturbed areas, we used single-species occupancy models, estimations of species' temporal activity overlaps, and the time between detections of different species at camera sites. We found that in general black bears (Ursus americanus) avoided areas of high human disturbance, whereas coyotes (Canis latrans), rodents, and lagomorphs favored them. However, rodents and lagomorphs also avoided areas with high coyote detections, indicating that rodents and lagomorphs mostly used human-disturbed areas that were not highly frequented by coyotes. Additionally, all aforementioned species avoided humans temporally and this avoidance increased in closer proximity to human-disturbed areas. These findings indicate that while some species frequented human-disturbed areas more than others, all species studied exhibited greater temporal avoidance of humans when closer to areas of higher human activity. Our results also indicate that rodents' and lagomorphs' activity patterns overlapped more with coyotes' activity patterns closer to human-disturbed areas and rodents and lagomorphs avoided coyotes less in these areas. The greater overlap of the species' activity patterns suggests that there is likely more interaction between coyotes and their prey closer to areas of high human activity. The changes in the behavior and ecology of wildlife communities closer to human-disturbed areas reported here emphasize how proximity to human-disturbed areas may influence both predator and prey demographics.
Do People Use Games to Compensate for Psychological Needs During Crises? A Mixed-Methods Study of Gaming During COVID-19 Lockdowns

Do people use games to cope with adverse life events and crises? Research informed by self-determination theory proposes that people might compensate for thwarted basic psychological needs in daily life by seeking out games that satisfy those lacking needs. To test this, we conducted a preregistered mixed-method survey study (n = 285) on people’s gaming behaviours and need states during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020). We found qualitative evidence that gaming was an often actively sought out and successful means of replenishing particular needs, but one that could ‘backfire’ for some through an appraisal process discounting gaming as ‘unreal’. Meanwhile, contrary to our predictions, the quantitative data showed a “rich get richer, poor get poorer” pattern: need satisfaction in daily life positively correlated with need satisfaction in games. We derive methodological considerations and propose three potential explanations for this contradictory data pattern to pursue in future research.
How Accurate Does It Feel? – Human Perception of Different Types of Classification Mistakes

Supervised machine learning utilizes large datasets, often with ground truth labels annotated by humans. While some data points are easy to classify, others are hard to classify, which reduces the inter-annotator agreement. This causes noise for the classifier and might affect the user’s perception of the classifier’s performance. In our research, we investigated whether the classification difficulty of a data point influences how strongly a prediction mistake reduces the “perceived accuracy”. In an experimental online study, 225 participants interacted with three fictive classifiers with equal accuracy (73%). The classifiers made prediction mistakes on three different types of data points (easy, difficult, impossible). After the interaction, participants judged the classifier’s accuracy. We found that not all prediction mistakes reduced the perceived accuracy equally. Furthermore, the perceived accuracy differed significantly from the calculated accuracy. To conclude, accuracy and related measures seem unsuitable to represent how users perceive the performance of classifiers.
Tangible Collaboration: A Human-Centered Approach for Sharing Control With an Actuated-Interface

Autonomous actuated-interfaces provide a unique research opportunity for shared-control interfaces, as the human and the interface collaborate using the physical interaction modality, manipulating the same physical elements at the same time. Prior studies show that sharing control with physical modality interfaces often results in frustration and low sense-of-control. We designed and implemented adaptive behavior for shared-control actuated-interfaces that extends prior work by providing humans the ability to anticipate the autonomous action, and then accept or override it. Results from a controlled study with 24 participants indicate better collaboration in the Adaptive condition compared with the Non-adaptive one, with improved sense-of-control, feelings of teamwork, and overall collaboration quality. Our work contributes to shared-control tangible, shape-change, and actuated interfaces. We show that leveraging minimal non-verbal social cues to physically communicate the actuated-interface’s intent, coupled with providing autonomy to the human to physically accept or override the shift-in-control, improves the shared-control collaboration.
”Ask this from the person who has private stuff”: Privacy Perceptions, Behaviours and Beliefs Beyond W.E.I.R.D

We explore privacy perceptions, beliefs and practices of low-literate, low-income users in Pakistan, a patriarchal and religious context with a literacy rate of approx. 68% and where 59% of mobile users have less than 6 years of formal education. Through a qualitative study with 40 participants (17 male and 23 female) we examine the cultural, religious, and familial structures that impact users perceptions, management, and control of their personal privacy. We reveal significant gendered differences in privacy understandings, privacy preserving practices and the access to privacy related knowledge. Our work also highlights the seminal impact religious beliefs have on men and women’s understandings and management of privacy and the prolific use of after-market modified apps to support users specific privacy needs. The privacy concerns raised by our participants provide HCI researchers with valuable insights into designing privacy affordances for vulnerable and diverse populations beyond Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic contexts.
“I hope I never need one”: Unpacking Stigma in Aging in Place Technology

Aging in place technologies are designed to extend independence and autonomy in older adults, promoting quality of life and peace of mind. Prior work has described how adoption and continued use of these technologies are low when they are perceived as reinforcing aging stigma or reminding older adults of negative aspects of aging. Building on past research, we investigate older adults’ perceptions of four different kinds of aging in place technologies. Based on in-depth interviews with 18 older adults using a set of scenarios, we describe how different design characteristics contribute to perceived aging stigma. Additionally, we draw on Duner & Nordström’s classification of coping strategies to discuss how specific kinds of technology can best support older adults during different stages of the aging process.
The Digital Landscape of Nudging: A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Research on Digital Nudges

Research output related to digital nudging has increased ten-fold over the last five years. Nudging in the digital realm differs from its analog counterpart in important ways. For instance, online, choice architectures can be interconnected and personalized using real time data. In the face of this development, it is crucial to understand the current state of the literature and to map out possible research gaps. This paper addresses this issue and provides a systematic review of empirical studies where digital nudges have been evaluated. The systematic review covers 73 peer-reviewed papers containing 109 separate studies where 231 digital nudges have been evaluated. Our results lead to nine open research questions to be addressed in the future by the research community.
FabricatINK: Personal Fabrication of Bespoke Displays Using Electronic Ink from Upcycled E Readers

Abstract: FabricatINK explores the personal fabrication of irregularly-shaped low-power displays using electronic ink (E ink). E ink is a programmable bicolour material used in traditional form-factors such as E readers. It has potential for more versatile use within the scope of personal fabrication of custom-shaped displays, and it has the promise to be the pre-eminent material choice for this purpose. We appraise technical literature to identify properties of E ink, suited to fabrication. We identify a key roadblock, universal access to E ink as a material, and we deliver a method to circumvent this by upcycling broken electronics. We subsequently present a novel fabrication method for irregularly-shaped E ink displays. We demonstrate our fabrication process and E ink’s versatility through ten prototypes showing different applications and use cases. By addressing E ink as a material for display fabrication, we uncover the potential for users to create custom-shaped truly bistable displays.
Mobile-Friendly Content Design for MOOCs: Challenges, Requirements, and Design Opportunities

Most video-based learning content is designed for desktops without considering mobile environments. We (1) investigate the gap between mobile learners’ challenges and video engineers’ considerations using mixed methods and (2) provide design guidelines for creating mobile-friendly MOOC videos. To uncover learners’ challenges, we conducted a survey (n=134) and interviews (n=21), and evaluated the mobile adequacy of current MOOCs by analyzing 41,722 video frames from 101 video lectures. Interview results revealed low readability and situationally-induced impairments as major challenges. The content analysis showed a low guideline compliance rate for key design factors. We then interviewed 11 video production engineers to investigate design factors they mainly consider. The engineers mainly focus on the size and amount of content while lacking consideration for color, complex images, and situationally-induced impairments. Finally, we present and validate guidelines for designing mobile-friendly MOOCs, such as providing adaptive and customizable visual design and context-aware accessibility support.
Characteristics of People Who Engage in Online Harassing Behavior

Conflict in online spaces can often lead to behaviors that may be categorized as “harassment. ” We asked 307 U.S. adults to self-report if they have ever engaged in aggressive online conflict. Using logistic regressions, we examine what psychosocial characteristics predict which users would report engaging in behaviors that are commonly labeled as “harassment. ” We find that psychological factors such as impulsivity, reactive aggression, and premeditated aggression distinguish those who never thought of, those who only imagined, and those who carried out harassing behavior. Demographic factors other than age do not have significance, contrary to the results of prior studies. Design interventions that address propensities to perpetrate harassment might reduce harm but also raise ethical and moral concerns about the nature of harassment and the disposition toward it.
A Sociocultural Perspective on Computer Science Capital and Its Pedagogical Implications in Computer Science Education

The aim of this conceptual article is to provide a framework and a lens for educators in diversifying and making CS education more inclusive. In this article, we conceptualize the notion of computer science capital (CSC), which extends Bourdieu’s sociological theory of capital and Archer et al.’s work on “science capital. ” The CSC concept was developed by contrasting the concept of science capital with a literature review on key factors affecting students’ aspirations in CS. We argue that there is a need to distinguish between science capital and CSC, because the types of capital that are considered legitimate vary between the field of natural science and computer science. The CSC concept uses a sociocultural perspective on learning and can be understood as a form of symbolic capital that is influential in facilitating students’ possibility to fully participate in, engage with, and form aspirations in CS. The CSC concept consists of three main components, each with associated subcomponents. We believe our CSC framework, along with the self-reflection prompts included in this article, will offer support for reflections for educators in their daily pedagogical work. By taking students’ various levels of social and cultural capital into consideration, educators can plan didactic activities with a focus to strengthen students’ various types of capital. This includes reflection on how implicit and explicit norms, beliefs, thoughts, expectations, values, and ideas can affect the pedagogical practices and ultimately the students. Only when we are reflective about our teaching practices can we be better positioned to construct a more inclusive teaching and learning environment.