Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mobilization and transport of in situ colloids during drainage and imbibition of partially saturated sediments

Colloid mobilization and transport in the vadose zone have important implications to the migration of many contaminants that adsorb to mineral surfaces. The objective of this study is to elucidate the influences of transient flow events on the mobilization of in situ colloids from water‐unsaturated natural sediments. Results from our laboratory column experiments demonstrate that sand pack drainage and imbibition mobilized substantial quantities of mineral colloids and that effluent colloid concentrations peaked concomitantly with the passage of the wetting and drying fronts. In these experiments, drainage events occurred first and mobilized higher concentrations of in situ colloids than the following imbibition events, and the mass of colloids mobilized was sensitive to pore water ionic strength, as well as to the rates of imbibition and drainage. The data from the column experiments were used to test a new mathematical model that is based on the assumption that colloid mobilization is driven by pore‐scale changes in air‐water configuration that occur during porous medium drainage and imbibition. The simulated changes in air‐water configuration are predicted on the basis of the measured water retention characteristics of the porous medium. Agreement between measured and modeled concentrations of colloids is generally good, and the parameters that govern the kinetics of colloid mobilization and redeposition vary in a discernible fashion with changes in ionic strength, imbibition rates, and drainage rates.
Lutetium-177–prostate-specific membrane antigen ligand following radium-223 treatment in men with bone-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: real-world clinical experience

Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Clinic and Polyclinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; Urology Clinic, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Clinic for Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; GU Research Network LLC, Omaha, NE, USA; 21st Century Oncology–Sarasota, Lakewood Ranch, FL, USA; Scientific Institute of Romagna for the Study and Treatment of Tumors (IRST), UOC Nuclear Medicine, Meldola, Italy; Rambam MC, Haifa, Israel; Department of Urology, University Hospital Münster, Germany; Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ, USA; Bayer Consumer Care, Basel, Switzerland; Radiation
Human impacts on the structure and ecological function of littoral macroinvertebrate communities in lakes

1. Nutrient inputs from urban and agricultural land use often result in shifts in species composition of pelagic and profundal invertebrate communities. Here we test if nutrient enrichment affects the composition of eulittoral macroinvertebrate communities, and, if so, if macroinvertebrate communities of five different habitat types reflect differences in trophic state. 2. Macroinvertebrate community composition of 36 lakes was significantly correlated with total phosphorus (TP) concentration, the proportion of coarse woody debris (CWD) and root habitats and the proportion of grassland. 3. However, macroinvertebrate communities of five major habitat types from eight lakes were more dissimilar among habitats than among trophic states. Community composition of reed and stone habitats was significantly correlated with wind exposure but not TP concentration, while macroinvertebrate composition of sand habitats was related to TP concentration and coarse sediments. In CWD and root habitats, both TP concentration and a predominance of invasive species covaried, which made it difficult to relate the observed compositional differences to either trophic state or to the effects of competition between native and invasive species. 4. Trophic state influenced the composition of eulittoral macroinvertebrate communities but to a lesser extent than has been previously reported for profundal habitats. Moreover, the effects of trophic state were nested within habitat type and were partially superseded by biotic interactions and small-scaled habitat complexity. Although eulittoral macroinvertebrate communities were not strong indicators of the trophic state of lowland lakes, they may be used to assess other anthropogenic impacts on lakeshores.
Metamemory and aging: Relations between predicted, actual and perceived memory task performance

Abstract Four experiments examined adult age differences in predictions and postdictions of memory task performance. the results support the conceptualization of performance predictions as constructed judgments that are influenced by a number of factors, including memory self-efficacy and task appraisal processes. Prediction accuracy varied as a function of the type of task (recall better than recognition), subject age (better accuracy by old adults), and task experience (improvement over trials). Prediction accuracy appeared to be influenced by inferences about possible levels of task performance. Different age groups were equally accurate at postdicting performance. Three of the four experiments obtained predictions both before and after study, observing an increase in the correlations of predictions with recall after study. This upgrading effect was more pronounced for younger adults relative to older adults, possibly indicating poorer monitoring of learning or the contents of memory by older adults du.
The solar and equatorial QBO influences on the stratospheric circulation during the early northern-h

A self-supporting assembly formed as a detachable replacement unit for hanging objects to be shipped, particularly garments, is designed as a frame assembly with a plurality of parts such as perforated rails, suspension rods and side members, many of which may be assembled from identical parts with the support frame being braced within a shipping container by means of spindle drives in such a manner that no fastening with the container itself is necessary thereby avoiding the necessity for structurally altering or damaging the walls of the container or leaving any visible signs of damage in any part of the container.
Industrial Dynamics and the Role of Small Plants in Swedish Manufacturing Industry, 1968-1988

[eng] Contrary to the development in other industrial countries, the average plant size in Swedish industry has continued to increase. Swedish data are presented here for the first time according to the NACE classification adopted by the European Community. The analysis is carried out primarily at the 2-digit NACE level at 5-year intervals. Industrial employment rose steadily until it reached a peak of just over 900,000 in the early 1970s and then fell to 766,000 in 1988. Meanwhile, the number of industrial plants fell continuously from nearly 14,000 in 1968 to just over 9,000 in 1988. As a result, output per establishment more than doubled, and the average employment per establishment increased by 34 %. The most severe decline in the number of establishments occurred in the smallest size category (less than 10 employees), from 5,831 to 1,234 establishments. The number of plants in this size category was reduced in every 2-digit industry. The analysis confirms the observation that there is a lack of entrepreneurship in Swedish industry. It is suggested that a possible explanation for the continued shift in the size distribution may have to do with continued adjustment to European integration. [fre] Contrairement au developpement dans les autres pays industrialises, la taille moyenne des etablissements a continue a augmenter dans l'industrie suedoise. Les donnees suedoises sont presentees ici pour la premiere fois dans la nomenclature NACE adoptee par la Communaute europeenne. L'analyse est d'abord faite au niveau 2-chiffres de la NACE a des intervalles de cinq ans. L'emploi industriel a augmente fermement jusqu'a ce qu'il atteigne un pic juste au-dessus des 900 000 emplois au debut des annees 70, a partir duquel il chute a 766 000 en 1988. Au meme moment, le nombre d'etablissements industriels a diminue constamment passant de pres de 14 000 en 1968 a 9 000 en 1988. En consequence, la production par etablissement a plus que double et l'emploi moyen par etablissement a augmente de 34 %. Le declin le plus severe dans le nombre d'etablissement a concerne la categorie de la taille la plus faible (moins de 10 employes), passant de 5 831 a 1 234 etablissements. Le nombre d'unites de production dans cette categorie a ete reduit dans chaque industrie a 2 chiffres. L'analyse confirme l'observation qu'il y a un manque d'esprit d'entreprise dans l'industrie suedoise. Il est suggere qu'une explication possible pour le changement continu dans la distribution par tailles puisse etre correle avec l'ajustement continu a l'integration europeenne.
When bivalves took over the world

Abstract The end-Permian mass extinction is commonly portrayed not only as a massive biodiversity crisis but also as the time when marine benthic faunas changed from the Paleozoic Fauna, dominated by rhynchonelliform brachiopod taxa, to the Modern Fauna, dominated by gastropod and bivalve taxa. After the end-Permian mass extinction, scenarios involving the Mesozoic Marine Revolution portray a steady increase in numerical dominance by these benthic molluscs as largely due to the evolutionary effects of an “arms race. ” We report here a new global paleoecological database from study of shell beds that shows a dramatic geologically sudden earliest Triassic takeover by bivalves as numerical dominants in level-bottom benthic marine communities, which continued through the Early Triassic. Three bivalve genera were responsible for this switch, none of which has any particular morphological features to distinguish it from many typical Paleozoic bivalve genera. The numerical success of these Early Triassic bivalves cannot be attributed to any of the well-known morphological evolutionary innovations of post-Paleozoic bivalves that characterize the Mesozoic Marine Revolution. Rather, their ability to mount this takeover most likely was due to the large extinction of rhynchonelliform brachiopods during the end-Permian mass extinction and aided by their environmental distribution and physiological characteristics that enabled them to thrive during periods of oceanic and atmospheric stress during the Permian/Triassic transition.
Ground observations of magnetospheric boundary layer phenomena

Several classes of traveling vortices in the dayside ionospheric convection have been detected and tracked using the Greenland magnetometer chain (Friis-Christensen et al., 1988, McHenry et al., 1989). One class observed during quiet times consists of a continuous series of vortices moving generally anti-sunward for several hours at a time. The vortices strength is seen to be approximately steady and neighboring vortices rotate in opposite directions. Sondrestrom radar observations show that the vortices are located at the ionospheric convection reversal boundary. Low altitude DMSP observations indicate the vortices are on field lines which map to the inner edge of the low latitude boundary layer. Because the vortices are conjugate to the boundary layer, repeat in a regular fashion and travel antisunward, the authors argue that this class of vortices is caused by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of the inner edge of the magnetospheric boundary layer.
Design and operation of a mixed sun-gas solar dryer for mangoes in West Africa

Mango drying is used in West Africa as a preservation method. This paper presents a mixed solar-gas dryer for mangoes constructed in Mali. The gas is used as an additional feed when the solar flux is no more self-sufficient. This study presents the design of the dryer by balance equations, its operation and the analysis of different drying trials analyzed separately with quality and economic considerations. It shows that this dryer has a shorter drying time than the most popular gas dryer, Atesta. The dried mangoes quality is particularly improved in terms of taste and color.
Survival of MUTYH-Associated Polyposis Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Matched Control Colorectal Cancer Patients

Background MUTYH-associated polyposis is a recessively inherited disorder characterized by a lifetime risk of colorectal cancer that is up to 100%. Because specific histological and molecular genetic features of MUTYH-associated polyposis colorectal cancers might influence tumor behavior and patient survival, we compared survival between patients with MUTYH-associated polyposis colorectal cancer and matched control patients with colorectal cancer from the general population. Methods In this retrospective multicenter cohort study from Europe, 147 patients with MUTYH-associated polyposis colorectal cancer were compared with 272 population-based control patients with colorectal cancer who were matched for country, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, stage, and subsite of colorectal cancer. Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were used to compare survival between patients with MUTYH-associated polyposis colorectal cancer and control patients with colorectal cancer. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Five-year survival for patients with MUTYH-associated polyposis colorectal cancer was 78% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 70% to 84%) and for control patients was 63% (95% CI = 56% to 69%) (log-rank test, P = .002). After adjustment for differences in age, stage, sex, subsite, country, and year of diagnosis, survival remained better for MUTYH-associated polyposis colorectal cancer patients than for control patients (hazard ratio of death = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.72). Conclusions In a European study cohort, we found statistically significantly better survival for patients with MUTYH-associated polyposis colorectal cancer than for matched control patients with colorectal cancer.
Determination of averaging period parameter and its effects analysis for eddy covariance measurements

It is more and more popular to estimate the exchange of water vapor, heat and CO2 fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere using the eddy covariance technique. To get believable fluxes, it is necessary to correct the observations based on the different surface conditions and to determine relevant techinical parameters. The raw 10 Hz eddy covariance data observed in the Yucheng and Changbai Mountains stations were recalculated by various averaging periods (from 1 to 720 min) respectively, and the recalculated results were compared with the results calculated by the averaging period of 30 mins. Meanwhile, the distinctions of fluxes calculated by different averaging periods were analyzed. The continuous 15 days observations over wheat fields in the Yucheng station were mainly analyzed. The results are shown that: (i) In the Yucheng station, compared with the observations by 30 min, when the averaging period changes from 10 to 60 min, the variations of the eddy-covariance estimates of fluxes were less than 2%; when the averaging period changes less than 10 min, the estimate of fluxes reduced obviously with the reduction of the averaging period (the max relative error was -12%); and when the averaging period exceeds 120 min, the eddy covariance estimates of fluxes will be increased and become unsteady (the max relative error is over 10%); (ii) the eddy covariance estimates of fluxes over wheat field in the Yucheng station suggusted that it is much better to take 10 min as an averaging period in studying diurnal change of fluxes, and take 30 min for a long-term flux observation; and (iii) normalized ratio was put forward to determine the range of averaging period of eddy covariance measurements. By comparing the observations over farmlands and those over forests, it is indicated that the increase of eddy covariance estimates over tall forest was more than that over short vegetation when the averaging period increased.
Integrated crop water management might sustainably halve the global food gap

As planetary boundaries are rapidly being approached, humanity has little room for additional expansion and conventional intensification of agriculture, while a growing world population further spreads the food gap. Ample evidence exists that improved on-farm water management can close water-related yield gaps to a considerable degree, but its global significance remains unclear. In this modeling study we investigate systematically to what extent integrated crop water management might contribute to closing the global food gap, constrained by the assumption that pressure on water resources and land does not increase. Using a process-based bio-/agrosphere model, we simulate the yield-increasing potential of elevated irrigation water productivity (including irrigation expansion with thus saved water) and optimized use of in situ precipitation water (alleviated soil evaporation, enhanced infiltration, water harvesting for supplemental irrigation) under current and projected future climate (from 20 climate models, with and without beneficial CO2 effects). Results show that irrigation efficiency improvements can save substantial amounts of water in many river basins (globally 48% of non-productive water consumption in an ‘ambitious’ scenario), and if rerouted to irrigate neighboring rainfed systems, can boost kcal production significantly (26% global increase). Low-tech solutions for small-scale farmers on water-limited croplands show the potential to increase rainfed yields to a similar extent. In combination, the ambitious yet achievable integrated water management strategies explored in this study could increase global production by 41% and close the water-related yield gap by 62%. Unabated climate change will have adverse effects on crop yields in many regions, but improvements in water management as analyzed here can buffer such effects to a significant degree.
THE HARBOR PORPOISE, PHOCOENA PHOCOENA, IN FISH HARBOUR, NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA: OCCUPANCY, DISTRIBUTION, AND MOVEMENTS

The distrihution, movements, and relative population abundance of harbor porpoises were studied in the Fish Harbour region of New Bnmswick, Canada (lat. 44°59'30"-45°01'OO"N, long. 66°54'OO"-66°57'OO·W), from 1970 to 1978. In any given year numbers of this species were highest in the region between late July and early September. This is also the period during which surface temperatures attain a maximum I )I)°_12°C) and the largest herring. CIIIpt! f1. hanmglti! catches are usually made. During July-September the porpoise population of thE' inner (western) part of the study area contained 63% mothers with calves. Changes in relative population abundance were most strongly related with time of year (increasing from early July), tidal amplitude (most present when amplitude is 6.5 m or less), and wind phase (most present during onshore winds). Observation of recognizable individuals revealed consistent specific "territories" and patrolling patterns. A marked decrease in relative abundance in the latter half of the 1970s was noted. This decrea. ';€' wa. ~ coincident with a decline in mean midsummer surface temperature over 1974-78 of about 1°C. Unfortunately it was not possible to determine from existing data if major changes in availability of prey species also (occurred in the inner QU(l(lcly region during the same pt'riod. Literature concerning ecology of the harbor por­ poise, Phocoena phocoena., has been largely restricted to reports of nonquantitative or casual observations (Scheffer and Slipp 1948; Mjlhl-Hansen 1954; Amun­ din and Amundin 1974), although more recently Gaskin (1977), Prescott et al. (1981),2 Flaherty and Stark (19821,3 Kraus et al. (1983),4 and Taylor and Dawson (1984) have presented information from surveys and some population estimates for limited areas of both east and west coasts of North America. A population estimate for the Copper River area of Alaska was provided by Matkin and Fay (1980). Habitat indices, relating occurrence of animals in coastal waters to various environmental factors have been given by Smith and Gaskin (1983) and Watts
Migration, Remittances, and Child Growth: Evidence from Cambodia

Remittances have become a main resource for development in low-and middle-income countries around the world. With impressive growth in remittances over the decades comes interest in their importance to development. Using data from the 2009 Cambodian Socio-Economic Survey with a sample of 2,767 children under 5 years of age, this study investigates the impact of migration and of remittances on children’s quality of health, and tests whether or not the so-called permanent income hypothesis holds for remittances relative to other income. Also employed is two-stage least squares analysis to account for potential endogeneity problems. In short, it was found that the net effect of migration and remittances is positive and significantly improves children’s health outcome. The effect is also larger for girls than boys if both short-and long-term growth are taken into account. In addition, the finding maintains support for the permanent income hypothesis, and it is concluded that remittances are not fungible because they are used disproportionately compared with other types of household income to invest in children’s health stock.
Shrub encroachment into mesic mountain grasslands in the Iberian peninsula: Effects of plant quality and temperature on soil C and N stocks

This paper aims at understanding the effect that shrub encroachment into mesic mountain grasslands has on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Thus we compared organic C and N contents in contiguous soil profiles under a conifer shrub, a legume shrub, and grasses (mesic grasslands) on 21 sites. Soil C and N recalcitrance indexes (RIC and RIN) were estimated as the ratio of unhydrolyzable C and N to total C or N. Contrary to our hypothesis, shrub encroachment did not cause a well‐defined change in soil C stocks. Only a slight increase in C was detected in the top 15 cm soil layer under both shrubs. The C accretion rate in this soil layer was estimated to be approximately 28–42 g m−2 per annum. Legume shrub encroachment also produced a slight decrease in the C/N ratio in the top 15 cm soil layer. No significant changes in the RIC were detected as a result of encroachment; however, slight decreases in the RIN were found at medium depths. Both RIC and RIN showed a negative relationship with site temperature in the upper legume‐shrub soil layers but not in conifer shrubs or under grasses, suggesting a priming effect on the recalcitrant soil stocks produced by the higher‐quality inputs derived from legume encroachment.
The Role of Agriculture in Recovery Following Natural Disasters: A Focus on Post-Tsunami Recovery in Aceh, Indonesia

Coastal communities are especially vulnerable to the impacts of a range of natural disasters. The reported frequency of natural disasters has risen dramatically in the past 100 years, with coastal zones particularly exposed to tsunamis, cyclones, and flooding. Managing the change in coastal dynamics and securing the livelihoods of those affected as responses to these disasters, are important issues for governments and international agencies worldwide. This paper discusses the important role that agriculture can play in the transition from immediate emergency aid to long-term recovery following natural disasters. The focus of this discussion is on the recovery following the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in the province of Aceh, Indonesia. Collaborative work such as monitoring agricultural soils and establishing experimental and extension activities to restore agriculture to tsunami-affected sites and supporting the long-term recovery of farming communities undertaken in Aceh from 2005 to 2009 is discussed. Recommendations for future agricultural recovery programs are outlined. The importance of agriculture to livelihoods in Aceh is mirrored in other populous nations of the world, many of whom farm extensively along coastal areas. Agriculture should be regarded as an integral part of any post-disaster recovery program.