Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Resurvey of Shift Work-Related Fatigue in MQ-1 Predator Unmanned Aircraft System Crewmembers

Abstract : A previous study showed shift working crewmembers in a MQ-1 Predator unmanned aircraft system (UAS) squadron had significantly increased fatigue, emotional exhaustion, and burnout relative to traditional aircrew from another "high-demand, low density" weapon system. This study presents the results of a follow-up survey of this population of UAS crewmembers who were supporting "reachback" teleoperations using a modified rotational shift work schedule. Specifically, shift work-related increases in fatigue, sleepiness, and risk for performance decrements were examined. Shift system features and individual and situational differences associated with fatigue were also explored. Finally, shift system features of several types of schedules were assessed through modeling and simulation. The study found no significant reduction in reported fatigue despite prior modifications to the shift work schedule. It also demonstrated the potential for inadequate staffing levels to magnify the adverse effects of shift work.
Total Quality Management: Text with Cases

The foundations - a model for TQM: understanding quality commitment and leadership design for quality case studies - Esso Research Centre, Exxon Chemical. TQM - the role of the quality system: planning for quality system design and contents quality system audit/review and self-assessment case studies - Carnaud Metalbox PLC, Foodcan UK, Prudential Assurance Co. TQM - the tools and the improvement cycle: measurement of quality tools and techniques for quality improvement some additional techniques for process improvement case studies - the Shorts experience, Hills Industries. TQM - the organizational, communication and teamwork requirements: organization for quality culture change through teamwork for quality case studies - Pirelli Communication Cables, Thomas Cork SML. TQM - the implementation: communications and training for quality implementation of TQM and the management of change case study -University of Bradford Management Centre. Appendices: three American gurus.
A time–motion observation study to measure and analyse clinical nursing workload in an acute care hospital in Singapore

Internationally, there are concerns about rising nursing workforce shortages, which could be attributed to both recruitment and retention issues. As the population rapidly ages in Singapore, there is an increase in demand for more trained nurses to staff new facilities. Given the problem that Singapore is facing, there is a need for other solutions besides increasing recruitment rate. A time-motion study of nurses’ workload can assist us in determining how and what nurses spend their time on during their working shift. Work processes can then be studied to allow for improvements and implementation of strategies to ease nurses’ workload. Results of the current study demonstrated four main processes (preparing and clearing requisites, documentation, care coordination, transportation) that can be improved upon. Some of these processes do not require dedicated nursing skills; and can potentially be performed for other staff members. Results also demonstrated that nurses spent significantly less time on patient care activities as compared to nurses in United States; with as much as 31% of the nurses’ time being spent on documentation. Future studies can target on the effectiveness of strategies to improve the efficiency and quality of nursing care.
ROTORCRAFT AEROELASTIC ANALYSIS USING DYNAMIC WAKE/DYNAMIC STALL MODELS AND ITS VALIDATION

Accurate prediction of helicopter loads and response requires the development of a multi-disciplinary comprehensive analysis program. Helicopter loads and response is an aeroelastic problem as it involves interaction of the structural, inertia and aerodynamic operators. The objective of this paper is to describe the development of a comprehensive analysis code for helicopter aeroelastic analysis and present some of the validation studies. The helicopter modeled is a conventional one with a hingeless single main rotor and single tail rotor. The blade undergoes flap, lag, torsion and axial deformations and is modeled using beam finite elements. Tip sweep, pretwist, precone, predroop, torque offset and root offset are included in the model. Aerodynamic model includes Peters-He dynamic wake theory for inflow and the modified ONERA dynamic stall theory for airloads calculations. The complete 6-dof nonlinear equilibrium equations are solved for analyzing general flight conditions including steady maneuver. Validation studies presented in this paper include comparison of experimental data with the analysis results pertaining to (i) structural dynamics of swept-tip blades, (ii) whirl tower test and (iii) steady forward flight trim state of a helicopter. Results of a study showing the effects of the blade geometric parameters on the performance, response and loads of the rotor are also given.
A computational approach to the quantification of animal camouflage

Abstract : Evolutionary pressures have led to some astonishing camouflage strategies in the animal kingdom. Cephalopods like cuttlefish and octopus mastered a rather unique skill: they can rapidly adapt the way their skin looks in color, texture and pattern, blending in with their backgrounds. Showing a general resemblance to a visual background is one of the many camouflage strategies used in nature. For animals like cuttlefish that can dynamically change the way they look, we would like to be able to determine which camouflage strategy a given pattern serves. For example, does an inexact match to a particular background mean the animal has physiological limitations to the patterns it can show, or is it employing a different camouflage strategy (e.g., disrupting its outline)? This thesis uses a computational and data-driven approach to quantify camouflage patterns of cuttlefish in terms of color and pattern. First, we assess the color match of cuttlefish to the features in its natural background in the eyes of its predators. Then, we study overall body patterns to discover relationships and limitations between chromatic components. To facilitate repeatability of our work by others, we also explore ways for unbiased data acquisition using consumer cameras and conventional spectrometers, which are optical imaging instruments most commonly used in studies of animal coloration and camouflage. This thesis makes the following contributions: (1) Proposes a methodology for scene-specific color calibration for the use of RGB cameras for accurate and consistent data acquisition. (2) Introduces an equation relating the numerical aperture and diameter of the optical fiber of a spectrometer to measurement distance and angle, quantifying the degree of spectral contamination. (3) Presents the first study assessing the color match of cuttlefish (S. officinalis) to its background using in situ spectrometry.
Assessment Of Heavy Metal Contamination Of Water Sources From Enyigba Pb-Zn District, South Eastern Nigeria

A total of thirty (30) water samples were collected from the Enyigba Pb/Zn mining district to assess the contamination of the water sources as a result of mining of lead and zinc minerals in the area. This comprises of 12 samples of surface water, 14 from mine ponds and 4 from underground (borehole) water. The samples were acidified to stabilize the metals for periods more than four days without the use of refrigeration. The acidified water samples were analysed by a commercial laboratory at Projects Development Institute (PRODA), Enugu using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The elements determined by this method are lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co). The result and analysis of contamination factor showed that in surface water, Cd had the highest concentration followed by As and Pb, while Ni had the lowest. In mine ponds, Cd also had the highest concentration and followed by Pb and As and Ni the lowest. In borehole water, Cd has the highest concentration followed by Pb and As, while Ni had the lowest concentration. Compared to WHO permissible limits, the contamination of the heavy metals in all water sources are in order Cd>>>As>>Pb>Ni>Zn>Cu. In surface water, the order is Cd>>>As>>Pb>Ni>Zn>Cu; in mine ponds, it is Cd>>>Pb>>As>Ni>Zn>Cu, and in borehole water, the order is Cd>>>As>>Pb>Zn>Ni>Cu. The calculated contamination factors show very high contamination status for Cd, Pb and As. These levels of contamination and values indicate that under the prevailing conditions and environmental regulations in Nigeria, the mining district would face major and hazardous discharges of these metals to the water sources.
Stepped Spillway as an Energy Dissipater

This paper describes an experimental investigation into the hydraulics of ogee-profile stepped spillways, examines their viability as an alternative to smooth-back spillways and investigates their efficiency in reducing the downstream energy and length of the hydraulic jump. Tests were performed in a long rectangular flume with glass walls on both sides. One smooth model was used as a benchmark for comparison with stepped models made out of a combination of crests and bottoms of different step heights. Significant reductions in terminal velocities and total energies were observed, where the stepped spillway profiles tested proved to be very effective in terms of energy dissipation for flows of the order of the design head or lower. For flows beyond the design head, the effectiveness of the stepped spillway configuration was reduced and became negligible for heads greater than one and a half times the design head. It was concluded that the number of steps is the overbearing factor in expending flow kinetic energy and, therefore, reducing the length of the downstream forming hydraulic jump.
Test Plan: Sludge Treatment Project Corrosion Process Chemistry Follow-on Testing

This test plan was prepared by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) under contract with Fluor Hanford (FH). The test plan describes the scope and conditions to be used to perform laboratory-scale testing of the Sludge Treatment Project (STP) hydrothermal treatment of K Basin sludge. The STP, managed for the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) by FH, was created to design and operate a process to eliminate uranium metal from the sludge prior to packaging for Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) by using high temperature liquid water to accelerate the reaction, produce uranium dioxide from the uranium metal, and safely discharge the hydrogen. The proposed testing builds on the approach and laboratory test findings for both K Basin sludge and simulated sludge garnered during prior testing from September 2006 to March 2007. The outlined testing in this plan is designed to yield further understanding of the nature of the chemical reactions, the effects of compositional and process variations and the effectiveness of various strategies to mitigate the observed high shear strength phenomenon observed during the prior testing. These tests are designed to provide process validation and refinement vs. process development and design input. The expected outcome is to establishmore » a level of understanding of the chemistry such that successful operating strategies and parameters can be implemented within the confines of the existing STP corrosion vessel design. In July 2007, the DOE provided direction to FH regarding significant changes to the scope of the overall STP. As a result of the changes, FH directed PNNL to stop work on most of the planned activities covered in this test plan. Therefore, it is unlikely the testing described here will be performed. However, to preserve the test strategy and details developed to date, the test plan has been published. « less
Psychomotor Skills in Root Canal Treatment: Influence of Preclinical Training Time on Clinical Performance and Confidence Level of Undergraduate Dental Students

Background: Performing root canal treatment is complex and requires the development of psychomotor skills adapted to working without the advantage of vision. Students have allocated special importance to preclinical training in helping them acquire these skills. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the influence of exposure to additional preclinical training on undergraduate students’ confidence level and clinical performance defined by technical quality and quantity of root canal treatment. Methods: Clinical root canal treatment performed by a cohort of fifth-year undergraduate dental students was followed after half of them attended an additional (elective) endodontic preclinical course the year before. Root canal treatment was radiographically evaluated according to root canal filling length, density and presence of procedural errors. Technical quality and quantity of root canal treatment performed by students who had attended the elective course (attendees) and non-attendees, were compared. All students were also invited to participate in a survey to rate their undergraduate endodontic training and confidence levels performing root canal treatment. Statistical analysis of data was performed using Person chi-square test, Fisher Freeman Halton exact test, and T-test. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant difference between the two groups in overall root canal treatment quality (p=0.619) was found. Although elective attendees performed significantly less procedural errors (p=0.004), non-attendees completed more root canal treatments (p=0.012). Despite, no significant difference in the reported level of confidence between the attendees and the non-attendees, significantly more elective attendees rated their undergraduate endodontic training as adequate (p=0.002). Conclusion: While there was no significant difference in overall technical quality of root canal treatment, nor confidence levels, between both groups, undergraduate students who attended additional preclinical training performed significantly fewer procedural errors. Furthermore, students who attended additional preclinical training were more satisfied with their undergraduate endodontic education.
La estandarización del léxico de los candidatos a maestros bilingües

ABSTRACT Este artículo presenta un análisis del uso de palabras arcaicas, mexicanismos y palabras no estandarizadas usadas por candidatos a maestros de educación bilingüe en Texas. Este trabajo representa un seguimiento de dos estudios anteriores llevados a cabo en el 1986 y el 2003. Se analiza cómo el uso del léxico de los candidatos a maestros bilingües ha cambiado desde 1986 hasta el presente. Se describe cómo la tecnología de la comunicación y del entretenimiento ha expuesto a los maestros a un vocabulario más diverso. Los datos obtenidos sugieren que el uso del léxico no estandarizado entre candidatos a maestros ha disminuido, pero todavía contiene elementos arcaicos, coloquialismos y anglicismos típicamente usados en regiones del sudoeste de los Estados Unidos. Se sugiere que las instituciones que preparan maestros bilingües intensifique el uso del español en el programa para exponer a los candidatos al vocabulario académico y pedagógico que se usa en el examen de español y sobre todo para que estos maestros puedan tener éxito en el aula bilingüe.
Analysis of Aircraft Fuel Tank Fire and Explosion Hazards

Abstract : Under simulated flight environments, fuel/air ratios at various locations of the ullage space were determined using in-line gas chromatograph measurement. Using the shallow tank experimental data showed that during ascent and cruise portion of the flight profile, uniform fuel/air mixtures were found to exist within the entire ullage volume. Significant fuel/air gradients existed during the descent portion of the flight profile, with mainly air near the vent inlet. Evaporation lag was observed during ascent and level flight when liquid Jet A fuel was maintained at 80 degree F. When the liquid fuel temperature was increased to 120F, evaporation rate was found to be rapid enough that the evaporative lag phenomena was no longer observed. By vibrating the fuel tank, it greatly increased the rate of off-gassing of dissolved air in the liquid fuel. This in turn significantly changed the fuel/air ratio in the ullage space. Two separate and complementary models were developed to predict fuel/air concentrations within the ullage.
THE ROLE OF ACTION LEARNING IN FACILITATING PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

A waste receptacle particularly useful for scooping-up and removing canine waste and a blank for making the receptacle. The blank and receptacle are made from a single thin sheet of material such as cardboard. The receptacle can be used with only one hand. It is stored and transported nearly flat and can be popped into operative configuration by applying pressure on the sides. Further application of pressure on the sides changes the size and shape of the receptacle opening and controls the position of a flap over the opening for more control of the scooping and closing process. A hook structure is formed on one end of the receptacle. The receptacle has a tapered shape which allows use and control of the receptacle by people with large or small hands.
Simulación numérica del proceso de fractura en concreto reforzado mediante la metodología de discontinuidades fuertes de continuo. Parte II: Aplicación a páneles sometidos a cortante

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la simulacion numerica del proceso de fractura en paneles de concreto reforzado sometidos a cortante, utilizando un modelo basado en la metodologia de discontinuidades fuertes de continuo (CSDA) y la teoria de mezclas. La CSDA describe la localzacion de la deformacion y la formacion de una discontinuidad asociada con la aparicion de una fisura. En cambio, la teoria de mezclas representa el comportamiento de un material compuesto, constituido por una matriz de concreto simple y uno o dos paquetes de barras largas de acero de refuerzo. El comportamiento del concreto simple y el acero se representan mediante un modelo de dano bidimensional y un modelo de plasticidad unidimensional, respectivamente. El modelo se implementa en el metodo de los elementos finitos considerando estado plano de esfuerzos, deformaciones infinitesimales y cargas estaticas. Se simularon tres paneles reforzados en una o en dos direcciones, los cuales estaban y sometidos principalmente a fuerzas cortantes. Los resultados de la simulacion numerica, como la respuesta estructural y el patron de fisuracion, fueron satisfactorios. // The numerical simulation results of the fracture process in reinforced concrete shear panels are presented in this work. The simulation used a model based on the continuum strong discontinuity approach (CSDA) and mixing theory. CSDA describes strain localization and formation of discontinuity associated with the appearance of a crack. On the other hand, mixing theory represents composite material behaviour which is formed by a simple concrete matrix and one or two bundles of long reinforcement bars. The behaviour of simple concrete and steel is represented by a two-dimensional damage model and one-dimensional plasticity model, respectively. The model has been implemented in the finite element method which considers plane stress, infinitesimal strain and static loads. Three panels are simulated, reinforced in one or two ways; they are mainly subjected to shear forces. The numerical simulation results as well as structural response and cracking patterns were satisfactory.
Magnetorheological fluid dampers: a review of parametric modelling

Due to the inherent nonlinear nature of magnetorheological (MR) dampers, one of the challenging aspects for developing and utilizing these devices to achieve high performance is the development of models that can accurately describe their unique characteristics. In this review, the characteristics of MR dampers are summarized according to the measured responses under different conditions. On these bases, the considerations and methods of the parametric dynamic modelling for MR dampers are given and the state-of-the-art parametric dynamic modelling, identification and validation techniques for MR dampers are reviewed. In the past two decades, the models for MR dampers have been focused on how to improve the modelling accuracy. Although the force–displacement behaviour is well represented by most of the proposed dynamic models for MR dampers, no simple parametric models with high accuracy for MR dampers can be found. In addition, the parametric dynamic models for MR dampers with on-line updating ability and the inverse parametric models for MR dampers are scarcely explored. Moreover, whether one dynamic model for MR dampers can portray the force–displacement and force–velocity behaviour is not only determined by the dynamic model itself but also determined by the identification method.
An Arts-based research on group sandplay therapy for children in local children's centers who are overly dependent on internet and smartphones experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic era

The purpose of this study is to find a clue of psychological intervention in group sandplay therapy for children in local children's centers who are overly dependent on internet and smartphones experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic era. Art is a process of expressing imagination, and it is in line with the fact that play is a symbolic and creative activity. Therefore, it can be said that children's imaginary play scenes and imaginary stories appearing in sandplay therapy are a form of art. Sandplay enables non-verbal expression, and the unconscious contents expressed by children are useful in understanding children's emotions. In this process, the researcher understands the client through imagination which is the intersubjective method and experiences an accepting relationship where healing and change occur. However, previous studies have limitations in that they approached children's dependence on the Internet and smartphones based on language. Therefore, these researchers conducted an arts-based study from an analytical psychology perspective to understand the experiences of children in local children's centers who are overly dependent on the Internet and smartphones through the group sandplay therapy process. To this end, co-researchers attending the doctoral program in child counseling and psychotherapy have categorized and discussed four themes: ‘wanting to be loved’, ‘suffering from anxiety’, ‘tolerating being alone/not communicating’, ‘trying to protect oneself’. Finally, it was intended to alleviate the psychological difficulties of children in local children's centers who are overly dependent on internet and smartphones, and to provide an open method for resolving the Internet and smartphone dependence phenomenon.
Measurement and modelling of blast movement to reduce ore losses and dilution at Ahafo Gold Mine in Ghana

Blast induced rock mass displacement can have a significant impact on grade control. The mischaracterisation of the grade boundaries without proper understanding of blast movement can lead to significant financial losses in terms of ore losses and dilution. Ore dilution occurs when waste material is miscategorised as ore and sent for processing diluting the run of mine head grade and recovery. Ore losses take place when valuable mineral is miscategorised as waste and sent to the waste dumps. The geologists at Newmont Ahafo Mine have realised the impact of blast movement on ore losses and dilution and have implemented a blast movement study to minimise blast induced ore losses and dilution. This paper describes the application of the latest measurements and modelling techniques in understanding the blast dynamics and develops site specific solutions to minimise blast induced dilution and ore losses. These solutions are validated at Newmont Ahafo open pit mine through systematic trials and subsequently incorporated into site standard operating procedures to sustain the benefits.