Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The applicability of Kvaal methods and pulp/tooth volume ratio for age estimation of the Turkish adult population on cone beam computed tomography images

Abstract The contraction of the pulp chamber with secondary dentin apposition is a significant morphological dental age predictor in adults. The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of Kvaal’s method and pulp/tooth volume ratio on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and develop a valid method for the Turkish adult population. In this study, 211 single-rooted teeth, extracted for orthodontic and periodontal reasons, of 134 patients with ages ranging from 16 to 71 years, were used. Each sample was scanned using CBCT. According to the reported technique (Kvaal’s method), teeth were analysed on CBCT images. Additionally, pulp/tooth volume ratio was calculated using ITK-SNAP 3.4. 0 software. The relationship between age and morphological variables was calculated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression models were established for each tooth, age as dependent variable, and morphological variables as independent variables. The determination of coefficients of the Kvaal’s modified regression models were found in a range from 0.296 to 0.550. The pulp volume and the pulp/tooth volume ratio showed statistically significant differences between age groups (p < 0,001). Pulp volume and pulp/tooth volume ratio is a significant index for age. Linear measurement and ratios on CBCT images were insufficient estimates of the age of the Turkish population.
Occupational therapy intervention development, for individuals with a diagnosis of psychosis living in the community, to improve participation in activities of everyday life: a feasibility study for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

s, no conclusions were drawn about the effectiveness of occupational therapy. Subsequently the state of the evidence base specifically for the effectiveness of occupational therapy with people with a diagnosis of psychosis from systematic reviews is explored further and discussed in Section 1.6. 2. 1.6. 2 Occupational therapy effectiveness research with individuals with a diagnosis of psychosis A scoping exercise for understanding of the effectiveness research of occupational therapy with individuals with a diagnosis of psychosis was undertaken at the beginning of the study. This focussed on identifying the relevant systematic reviews in this area of occupational therapy practice, with the aim of establishing an overview of the current state of the effectiveness
Clinical profile of patients with trigeminal neuralgia visiting a dental hospital: A prospective study

Aims: To assess the clinical characteristics and parameters of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in a group of South Indian population. Study Design: Records of sixty patients with TN were reviewed prospectively for patient demographics, characteristics of the pain, and treatment modalities. Results: Of the sixty patients, 55% were male and 45% were female. The peak incidence was in the age range of 55–64 years. Pain occurred equally on the right and left side of the face. The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve was the most frequently affected (40%), followed by mandibular division (35%) and the combined maxillary and mandibular division alone (25%). The majority of patients described their attack as a shock like (78.33%) and of spontaneous onset (86.67%). Conclusion: In the present study, TN affected males more than females, and this disorder occurred most frequently in patients aged 55–64 years. Comparison of the pain characteristics between different age groups and gender is useful for the management of these patients.
Gimli Encryption in 715.9 psec

We study the encryption latency of the Gimli cipher, which has recently been submitted to NIST’s Lightweight Cryptography competition. We develop two optimized hardware engines for the 24 round Gimli permutation, characterized by a total latency or 3 and 4 cycles, respectively, in a range of frequencies up to 4.5 GHz. Speciﬁcally, we utilize Intel’s R (cid:13) 10 nm FinFET process to synthesize a critical path of 15 logic levels, supporting a depth-3 Gimli pipeline capable of computing the result of the Gimli permutation in frequencies up to 3.9 GHz. On the same process technology, a depth-4 pipeline employs a critical path of 12 logic levels and can compute the Gimli permutation in frequencies up to 4.5 GHz. Gimli demonstrates a total unrolled data path latency of 715.9 psec. Compared to our AES implementation, our fastest pipelined Gimli engine demonstrates 3.39 times smaller latency. When compared to the latency of the PRINCE lightweight block cipher, the pipelined Gimli latency is 1.7 times smaller. The paper suggests that the Gimli cipher, and our proposed optimized implementations have the potential to provide breakthrough performance for latency critical applications, in domains such as data storage, networking, IoT and gaming.
In Vivo Wear of 3 Types of Metal on Metal Hip Prostheses During 2 Decades of Use

Wear was analyzed on 21 metal on metal hip replacements, including McKee-Farrar, Müller, and Ring, that were retrieved from patients after as many as 25 years. Light and scanning electron microscopy indicated that early wear included substantial third body abrasion, possibly from particles generated while scratches from the original polishing were being eradicated and from dislodged surface carbides. However, the main contact zones were eventually worn smoother than the original surfaces. Wear was quantified by digitizing the shapes of the components on a coordinate measuring machine and identifying those areas that deviated from the original spheric surface. On the femoral heads, wear was typically concentrated in the superomedial region, that is, on the load axis. Three cases also had substantial wear inferiorly, but there were no cases with circumferential (equatorial) wear. The long term wear rates averaged approximately 6 μm per year or less and produced an average of approximately 6 mm3 of metallic wear debris per year or less. Wear rate tended to increase as clearance increased over the range of 127 to 386 μm, and a McKee-Farrar prosthesis with the extreme clearance of 1.7 mm wore approximately 16 times faster than the average, but there was no apparent relationship between clearance and time to revision. Larger McKee-Farrar balls had less volumetric wear, on average, than smaller balls, and the Müller balls had the greatest wear, which may have been due to contact with the edges of recesses machined into the bearing zones of the Müller cups.
Dabigatran Reversal Before Intravenous Tenecteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— Reversal of dabigatran before intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke has been well described using alteplase but experience with intravenous tenecteplase is limited. Tenecteplase seems at least noninferior to alteplase in patients with intracranial large vessel occlusion. We report on the experience of dabigatran reversal before tenecteplase thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Methods— We included consecutive patients with ischemic stroke receiving dabigatran prestroke treated with intravenous tenecteplase after receiving idarucizumab. Patients were from 2 centers in New Zealand and Australia. We reported the clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and their functional outcome. Results— We identified 13 patients receiving intravenous tenecteplase after dabigatran reversal. Nine (69%) were male, median age was 79 (interquartile range, 69–85) and median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 6 (interquartile range, 4–21). Atrial fibrillation was the indication for dabigatran therapy in all patients. All patients had a prolonged thrombin clotting time (median, 80 seconds [interquartile range, 57–113]). Seven patients with large vessel occlusion were referred for endovascular thrombectomy, 2 of these patients (29%) had early recanalization with tenecteplase abrogating thrombectomy. No patients had parenchymal hemorrhage or symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation. Favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) occurred in 8 (62%) patients. Two deaths occurred from large territory infarction. Conclusions— Our experience suggests intravenous thrombolysis with tenecteplase following dabigatran reversal using idarucizumab may be safe in selected patients with acute ischemic stroke. Further studies are required to more precisely estimate the efficacy and risk of clinically significant hemorrhage.
Technical comment on Condamine et al. (2019): a cautionary note for users of linear diversification dependencies

Abstract Condamine et al. (2019; 22: 1900–1912) fitted linear and exponential functions of time‐dependent, diversity‐dependent and temperature‐dependent diversification to investigate diversification dynamics of tetrapod families. Here I highlight potential misinterpretations when using linear diversification dependencies and provide some clarifications.
Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Postoperative Delirium After Intracranial Neurosurgical Procedures

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a condition characterized by cerebral dysfunction or failure and associated with high morbidity and mortality, prolonged intensive care unit and hospital stay, increased costs and long-term disability. The risk factors can be divided into three categories: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. POD is underrecognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated condition which can also lead to potentially life-threatening conditions. Prevention and treatment of POD include adequate perioperative pain control, maintenance of optimal blood pressure, water-electrolyte balance, hypo- and hyperglycemia, sleep hygiene. Despite POD has been extensively studied in various types of surgery, there is not enough evidence on POD in intracranial neurosurgery. Patients undergoing open craniotomy might be at particular risk because on top of the above-mentioned factors, they also might have a direct neurosurgical brain injury. Future research on the POD in neurosurgical patients after intracranial interventions is needed. A bibliographic search was performed in the MEDLINE and PubMed virtual library. The following descriptors were used: POD, neurosurgery, anesthesia, and POD, postoperative pain management and POD, water and electrolyte imbalance and POD, neurochemistry of POD. We included in this review original and review articles in the English language. Majority of non-neurosurgical patients have multiple risk factors for POD (preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative); patients undergoing intracranial neurosurgery on top of that might have additional risks associated with neurosurgical pathology (brain tumor, cerebral hemorrhage, and severe traumatic injury) as well as neurosurgery-induced brain injury can also appear to be a contributing factor.
Prevalence of ABCC3‐1767G/A polymorphism among patients with antiretroviral‐associated hepatotoxicity

Plasma concentrations of antiretrovirals (ARVs) regimens have considerably varied in individuals of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of variations in the expression of drug‐metabolizing and transporter genes. Transporter genes play an important role in the disposition of drugs. Polymorphism in transporter gene (ABCC3) affects the MRP3 expression and varies the treatment outcome.
Effect of dexmedetomidine on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and carbon dioxide reactivity during sevoflurane anesthesia in healthy patients

Background There are conflicting opinions on the effect of dexmedetomidine on cerebral autoregulation. This study assessed its effect on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) using a transcranial Doppler (TCD). Methods Thirty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients between 18 and 60 years, who underwent lumbar spine surgery, received infusions of dexmedetomidine (Group D) or normal saline (Group C), followed by anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl, and maintenance with oxygen, nitrous oxide and sevoflurane. After five minutes of normocapnic ventilation and stable bispectral index value (BIS) of 40–50, the right middle cerebral artery flow velocity (MCAFV) was recorded with TCD. The transient hyperemic response (THR) test was performed by compressing the right common carotid artery for 5–7 seconds. The lungs were hyperventilated to test carbon dioxide (CO2) reactivity. Hemodynamic parameters, arterial CO2 tension, pulse oximetry (SpO2), MCAFV and BIS were measured before and after hyperventilation. Dexmedetomidine infusion was discontinued ten minutes before skin-closure. Time to recovery and extubation, modified Aldrete score, and emergence agitation were recorded. Results Demographic parameters, durations of surgery and anesthesia, THR ratio (Group D: 1.26 ± 0.11 vs. Group C: 1.23 ± 0.04; P = 0.357), relative CO2 reactivity (Group D: 1.19 ± 0.34 %/mmHg vs. Group C: 1.23 ± 0.25 %/mmHg; P = 0.547), blood pressure, SpO2, BIS, MCAFV, time to recovery, time to extubation and modified Aldrete scores were comparable. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine administration does not impair dCA and CO2 reactivity in patients undergoing spine surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia.
Computational models to explore the complexity of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cancer

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex biological process that plays a key role in cancer progression and metastasis formation. Its activation results in epithelial cells losing adhesion and polarity and becoming capable of migrating from their site of origin. At this step the disease is generally considered incurable. As EMT execution involves several individual molecular components, connected by nontrivial relations, in vitro techniques are often inadequate to capture its complexity. Computational models can be used to complement experiments and provide additional knowledge difficult to build up in a wetlab. Indeed in silico analysis gives the user total control on the system, allowing to identify the contribution of each independent element. In the following, two kinds of approaches to the computational study of EMT will be presented. The first relies on signal transduction networks description and details how changes in gene expression could influence this process, both focusing on specific aspects of the EMT and providing a general frame for this phenomenon easily comparable with experimental data. The second integrates single cell and population level descriptions in a multiscale model that can be considered a more accurate representation of the EMT. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be highlighted, together with the importance of coupling computational and experimental results. Finally, the main challenges that need to be addressed to improve our knowledge of the role of EMT in the neoplastic disease and the scientific and translational value of computational models in this respect will be presented.
Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in the pathogenesis of stress fractures in military personnel: An evidenced link to support injury risk management

Stress fractures are common amongst healthy military recruits and athletes. Reduced vitamin D availability, measured by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) status, has been associated with stress fracture risk during the 32-week Royal Marines (RM) training programme. A gene-environment interaction study was undertaken to explore this relationship to inform specific injury risk mitigation strategies. Fifty-one males who developed a stress fracture during RM training (n = 9 in weeks 1–15; n = 42 in weeks 16–32) and 141 uninjured controls were genotyped for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism. Serum 25OHD was measured at the start, middle and end (weeks 1, 15 and 32) of training. Serum 25OHD concentration increased in controls between weeks 1–15 (61.8±29.1 to 72.6±28.8 nmol/L, p = 0.01). Recruits who fractured did not show this rise and had lower week-15 25OHD concentration (p = 0.01). Higher week-15 25OHD concentration was associated with reduced stress fracture risk (adjusted OR 0.55[0.32–0.96] per 1SD increase, p = 0.04): the greater the increase in 25OHD, the greater the protective effect (p = 0.01). The f-allele was over-represented in fracture cases compared with controls (p<0.05). Baseline 25OHD status interacted with VDR genotype: a higher level was associated with reduced fracture risk in f-allele carriers (adjusted OR 0.39[0.17–0.91], p = 0.01). Improved 25OHD status between weeks 1–15 had a greater protective effect in FF genotype individuals (adjusted OR 0.31[0.12–0.81] vs. 1.78[0.90–3.49], p<0.01). Stress fracture risk in RM recruits is impacted by the interaction of VDR genotype with vitamin D status. This further supports the role of low serum vitamin D concentrations in causing stress fractures, and hence prophylactic vitamin D supplementation as an injury risk mitigation strategy.
Comparison of Tmax values between full- and half-dose gadolinium perfusion studies

AHA guidelines recommend use of perfusion imaging for patient selection in the 6–24 h window. Recently, the safety of gadolinium-based contrast agents for MR perfusion imaging has been questioned based on findings that gadolinium accumulates in brain tissue. Regulatory bodies have recommended to limit the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents where possible. Focusing specifically on the time to maximum of the tissue residue function (Tmax) parameter, used in DAWN and DEFUSE 3, we hypothesized that half-dose scans would yield a similar Tmax delay pattern to full-dose scans. We prospectively recruited 10 acute ischemic stroke patients imaged with two perfusion scans at their follow-up visit, one with a standard dose gadolinium followed by a half-dose injection a median of 7 min apart. The brain was parcellated into a grid of 3 × 3 regions and the mean of the difference in Tmax between the 3 × 3 regions on the half- and full-dose Tmax maps was 0.1 s (iqr 0.38 s). The fraction of brain tissue that differed by no more than ±1 s was 93.7%. In patients with normal or modest Tmax delays, half-dose gadolinium appears to provide comparable Tmax measurements to those of full-dose scans.
Genetic compensation in a stable slc25a46 mutant zebrafish: A case for using F0 CRISPR mutagenesis to study phenotypes caused by inherited disease

A phenomenon of genetic compensation is commonly observed when an organism with a disease-bearing mutation shows incomplete penetrance of the disease phenotype. Such incomplete phenotypic penetrance, or genetic compensation, is more commonly found in stable knockout models, rather than transient knockdown models. As such, these incidents present a challenge for the disease modeling field, although a deeper understanding of genetic compensation may also hold the key for novel therapeutic interventions. In our study we created a knockout model of slc25a46 gene, which is a recently discovered important player in mitochondrial dynamics, and deleterious mutations in which are known to cause peripheral neuropathy, optic atrophy and cerebellar ataxia. We report a case of genetic compensation in a stable slc25a46 homozygous zebrafish mutant (hereafter referred as “mutant”), in contrast to a penetrant disease phenotype in the first generation (F0) slc25a46 mosaic mutant (hereafter referred as “crispant”), generated with CRISPR/Cas-9 technology. We show that the crispant phenotype is specific and rescuable. By performing mRNA sequencing, we define significant changes in slc25a46 mutant’s gene expression profile, which are largely absent in crispants. We find that among the most significantly altered mRNAs, anxa6 gene stands out as a functionally relevant player in mitochondrial dynamics. We also find that our genetic compensation case does not arise from mechanisms driven by mutant mRNA decay. Our study contributes to the growing evidence of the genetic compensation phenomenon and presents novel insights about Slc25a46 function. Furthermore, our study provides the evidence for the efficiency of F0 CRISPR screens for disease candidate genes, which may be used to advance the field of functional genetics.
Functional analysis of ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 reveals conserved light signaling mechanism in Maize and Arabidopsis.

Plants have evolved light signaling mechanisms to optimally adapt developmental patterns to the ambient light environments. CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) and LONG HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) are two critical components in the light signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. COP1 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets positive regulators, such as HY5, leading to their degradation in darkness. However, functional analysis of the COP1-HY5 module in maize (Zea mays) has not been reported. Here, we investigated the expression patterns and roles of the COP1 and HY5 orthologs, ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5, in regulating photomorphogenesis. These two genes have high amino acid identities with their Arabidopsis homolog and were both regulated by light. Subcellular localization assay showed that ZmCOP1 was distributed in the cytosol and ZmHY5 localized in the nucleus. Exogenous expression of ZmCOP1 rescued the physiological defects of the cop1-4 mutant, and expression of ZmHY5 complemented the long hypocotyl phenotype of the hy5-215 mutant in Arabidopsis. Yeast two-hybrid and fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays showed that ZmCOP1 interacted with ZmHY5. Our study gains insight into the conserved function and regulatory mechanism of the COP1-HY5 signaling pathway in maize and Arabidopsis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Benefits and Risks of Certain Dietary Carotenoids that Exhibit both Anti- and Pro-Oxidative Mechanisms—A Comprehensive Review

Carotenoid pigments, particularly β-carotene and lycopene, are consumed in human foodstuffs and play a vital role in maintaining health. β-carotene is known to quench singlet oxygen and can have strong antioxidant activity. As such, it was proposed that β-carotene might reduce the risk of cancer. Epidemiological studies found inverse relationships between cancer risk and β-carotene intake or blood levels. However, clinical trials failed to support those findings and β-carotene supplementation actually increased lung cancer incidence in male smokers. Early experimental animal studies found dietary β-carotene inhibited UV-induced skin cancers. Later studies found that β-carotene supplementation exacerbated UV-carcinogenic expression. The discrepancies of these results were related to the type of diet the animals consumed. Lycopene has been associated with reduced risk of lethal stage prostate cancer. Other carotenoids, e.g., lutein and zeaxanthin, play a vital role in visual health. Numerous studies of molecular mechanisms to explain the carotenoids’ mode of action have centered on singlet oxygen, as well as radical reactions. In cellular systems, singlet oxygen quenching by carotenoids has been reported but is more complex than in organic solvents. In dietary β-carotene supplement studies, damaging pro-oxidant reactivity can also arise. Reasons for this switch are likely due to the properties of the carotenoid radicals themselves. Understanding singlet oxygen reactions and the anti-/pro-oxidant roles of carotenoids are of importance to photosynthesis, vision and cancer.