Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital connectivity at the upstream end of value chains: A dynamic perspective on smartphone adoption amongst horticultural smallholders in Kenya

Driven by the rapid adoption of Internet-based technologies amongst producers in the Global South, the question of how and whether global value chain arrangements are reconfigured remains open to debate. This article addresses the changing practices of export-oriented smallholders accompanying the transition from simple phone towards smartphone use. Our dynamic approach compares cross-sectional survey data from 2013 and 2017 to answer to what extent Kenyan smallholders have adopted the Internet, which digital practices in relation to agricultural value chains they use and how this affects the inter-firm coordination between smallholders and subsequent actors. Smartphones have gained broad importance for smallholders as they are used for digital practices in value chains. Contrary to the debated dark sides of Internet connectivity, we can however not confirm sweeping digital control or value appropriation by lead firms. So far, long-established, analogue practices widely persist in arrangements between smallholders and exporters. Nevertheless, smartphones are used to nurture multilateral knowledge networks of unprecedented reach and size and further allow for incipient experiments with marketing strategies on digital marketing platforms devoted to domestic markets. We argue that these practices resemble strategic niche seeking that has to be interpreted in relation to captive export arrangements. With qualitatively and quantitatively increasing options to access and share knowledge and to market commodities, the Internet can serve to navigate the multiplicity of chain alternatives (domestic production, informal export production). Such niches should be considered as creating leverage against the take it or leave it deal of captive export production.
Induction of regular and early fruiting in mango by paclobutrazol under tropical humid climate

A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of paclobutrazol for induction of regular and early fruiting and improvement in quality of mango cv. Banganapalli grown under tropical and humid climate. Regular, profuse and early bearing was found to be due to paclobutrazol application. The advancement for harvesting recorded after two years of study was uniform and stable (40–45 days) in case of paclobutrazol at all the three levels (first week of April: well in advance to monsoon rains). Paclobutrazol 5 ml/Iitre/tree applied once was found to increase fruiting, fruit set, retention, yield and brought slight improvement in fruit weight and total soluble solids.
Knockdown of Long Noncoding RNAs Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1α Antisense RNA 1 and Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α Antisense RNA 1 Alters Susceptibility of Acetaminophen-Induced Cytotoxicity in HepaRG Cells

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used over-the-counter drug for its analgesic and antipyretic effects. However, APAP overdose leads to severe APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) and even death as a result of the accumulation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, the toxic metabolite of APAP generated by cytochrome P450s (P450s). Long noncoding RNAs HNF1α antisense RNA 1 (HNF1α-AS1) and HNF4α antisense RNA 1 (HNF4α-AS1) are regulatory RNAs involved in the regulation of P450 expression in both mRNA and protein levels. This study aims to determine the impact of HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1 on AILI. Small hairpin RNAs were used to knock down HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1 in HepaRG cells. Knockdown of these lncRNAs altered APAP-induced cytotoxicity, indicated by MTT and LDH assays. Specifically, HNF1α-AS1 knockdown decreased APAP toxicity with increased cell viability and decreased LDH release, whereas HNF4α-AS1 knockdown exacerbated APAP toxicity, with opposite effects in the MTT and LDH assays. Alterations on gene expression by knockdown of HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1 were examined in several APAP metabolic pathways, including CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, UGT1A1, UGT1A9, SULT1A1, GSTP1, and GSTT1. Knockdown of HNF1α-AS1 decreased mRNA expression of CYP1A2, 2E1, and 3A4 by 0.71-fold, 0.35-fold, and 0.31-fold, respectively, whereas knockdown of HNF4α-AS1 induced mRNAs of CYP1A2, 2E1, and 3A4 by 1.3-fold, 1.95-fold, and 1.9-fold, respectively. These changes were also observed in protein levels. Knockdown of HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1 had limited effects on the mRNA expression of UGT1A1, UGT1A9, SULT1A1, GSTP1, and GSTT1. Altogether, our study suggests that HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1 affected AILI mainly through alterations of P450–mediated APAP biotransformation in HepaRG cells, indicating an important role of the lncRNAs in AILI. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The current research identified two lncRNAs, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α antisense RNA 1 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α antisense RNA 1, which were able to affect susceptibility of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in HepaRG cells, possibly through regulating the expression of APAP-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes. This discovery added new factors, lncRNAs, which can be used to predict cytochrome P450–mediated drug metabolism and drug-induced toxicity.
Does Accounting Conservatism Discipline Qualitative Disclosure? Evidence From Tone Management in the MD&A*

Recent research shows that investors react to the tone of qualitative disclosure and that firms strategically manipulate tone to bias investors’ perceptions (i.e., they engage in “tone management”). We investigate whether accounting conservatism, which has been found to be effective in constraining management opportunism in other settings, mitigates upward tone management in the MDA ii) conservatism constrains managerial opportunism with respect to both forward and backward looking information (the latter effect being stronger). Our findings are of interest to academics, users and regulators.
University Students' Emotions and Hopes as the Predictors of Their Psychological Resilience after Terrorist Attacks

The purpose of this study is to examine whether positive and negative emotions and hope level of university students after the terrorist attacks in Turkey predict their psychological resilience. The participants were selected by using simple random sampling method. Accordingly, a total of 362 students (250 female and 112 male) attending various undergraduate programs at Dokuz Eylul University Buca Education Faculty. The study used Ego-Resiliency Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Hope Scale were used as data collection tools. The data collected were analyzed by using stepwise regression analysis. According to the findings, hope and positive emotions are positively significant predictors of psychological resilience of college students after terrorist attacks. These two variables were found to explain 39% of the total variance in the psychological resilience scores of university students. However, the research findings also show that negative emotions are not a significant predictor of psychological resilience.
No Place Called Home: Student Homelessness and Structural Correlates

During the 2015–16 school year, 1.3 million students nationwide experienced homelessness. Yet hardships like homelessness represent dynamic rather than static states, and so annual figures understate the cumulative risk that students face over time. Moreover, despite recent efforts to understand eviction and foreclosure as exploitative and racialized processes, there have been few efforts to connect homelessness to these and other structural conditions. Using administrative data on the population of public school students in Michigan, we found that close to 1 in 10 students experienced homelessness while in school. Moreover, black students were over three times more likely to experience literal homelessness than white students. County-year fixed effects models indicate that rental costs, forced housing moves, and the opioid epidemic were associated with greater student homelessness. These findings have implications for our understanding of racial inequalities and the ways in which disadvantage and inequality are products of exploitative relationships.
Final deglaciation of the Malin Sea through meltwater release and calving events

During the last glacial maximum, the British–Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) extended to the shelf edge in the Malin Sea between Ireland and Scotland, delivering sediments to the Donegal Barra Fan (DBF). Analysis of well-preserved, glacially derived sediment in the DBF provides new insights on the character of the BIIS final deglaciation and palaeoenvironmental conditions at the Younger Dryas. Chaotic/laminated muds, ice-rafted debris (IRD)-rich layers and laminated sand–mud couplets are interpreted as respectively mass transport deposits, plumites and turbidites of BIIS-transported sediments. Peaks in IRD, constrained by radiocarbon dating to after 18 cal ka BP, indicate discrete intervals of iceberg calving during the last stages of deglaciation. Glacially derived sedimentation on the slope occurred until c. 16.9 cal ka BP. This is interpreted as the last time the ice sheet was present on to the shelf, allowing glacial meltwater to reach the fan. Bioturbated and foraminifera-rich muds above glaciomarine sediments are interpreted as interglacial hemipelagites and contourites, with the presence of Zoophycos suggesting restoration of bottom currents at the transition between stadial and interstadial conditions. During the Younger Dryas, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral abundances and an isolated peak in IRD indicate the temporary restoration of cold conditions and the presence of icebergs in the region. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Early Career Research collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection. org/cc/SJG-early-career-research
Sevoflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia in acute abdomen canine patients.

The present study was aimed to prepare a suitable anaesthetic combination of sevoflurane or isoflurane in acute abdomen critically ill canine patients. Acute abdomen was due to anatomical anomalies and due to lodgement of foreign bodies in the animals of group A and B respectively. The animals of group C were the normal healthy dogs used as control. These animals were further divided into 2 sub groups AI, All, BI and BII. The animals of subgroup AI, BI, and CI were subjected to administration of anaesthetic combination of atropine sulphate @ 0.04 mg/kg body weight, diazepam @ 1 mg/kg body weight, I.M. thiopental sodium @ 10–12 mg/kg body weight I.V. (just to pass endotracheal tube) and sevoflurane (3–3.5%) while the animals of sub group AII, BII and CII were subjected to the administration of anaesthetic combination of atropine sulphate @ 0.04 mg/kg body weight, diazepam @ 1 mg/kg body weight, I.M. and thiopental sodium @ 10–12 mg/kg body weight I.M. just to pass endotracheal tube, followed by isoflurane (2–2.5%). The efficacy of anaesthetic combinations was determined by observing different clinicophysiological and haematobiochemical parameters. There was a complete muscle relaxation in all the groups of animals. Corneal, palpebral reflexes were completely depressed during the surgical anaesthesia. An increase in heart rate and total erythrocyte count along with a decrease in respiration rate, rectal temperature, respiratory minute volume, haemoglobin, packed-cell volume, total leucocyte count and neutrophil count was observed during the period of anaesthesia. A gradual decrease in the mean values of total protein, albumin, gamma glutamyl transferase and calcium was observed during anaesthesia. These changes were less pronounced in group subjected to sevoflurane as compared to isoflurane. On the basis of the findings observed in this study it was concluded that the combination of thiopental sodium and sevoflurane was more safe as compared to the combination of thiopental sodium and isoflurane as it provides more cardiac and respiratory stability.
The Structure of Stomach and Intestine of Triturus karelinii(Strauch, 1870) and Mertensiella luschani (Steindachner, 1891) (Amphibia: Urodela) - Histological and Histometical Study

In this study, the stomach and small intestine structures of M. luschani and T. karelinii were evaluated in terms of histologically and histometrically.Thestomach and small intestine tissues of M. luschani and T. karelinii have similar characteristics.Mucosa consists of lamina propria/submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa layers. Histometrical results shows that M. luschani’ s fundus (t=0,003; p<0,05) and pylorus (t=0,000; p<0,05) epithelial thickness and mean lumen area (t=0,009; p<0,05) are larger than T. karelinii’ s fundus-pylorusepithelial thickness and mean lumen area. In intestine , M. luschani’ s lamina epithelialis thickness mean (t=0,003; p<0,05) and mean lumen area (t=0,009; p<0,05) are also larger than T. karelinii’ s epithelial thickness and mean lumen area.
Health inequities in influenza transmission and surveillance

The lower an individual’s socioeconomic position, the higher their risk of poor health in low-, middle-, and high-income settings alike. As health inequities grow, it is imperative that we develop an empirically-driven mechanistic understanding of the determinants of health disparities, and capture disease burden in at-risk populations to prevent exacerbation of disparities. Past work has been limited in data or scope and has thus fallen short of generalizable insights. Here, we integrate empirical data from observational studies and large-scale healthcare data with models to characterize the dynamics and spatial heterogeneity of health disparities in an infectious disease case study: influenza. We find that variation in social and healthcare-based determinants exacerbates influenza epidemics, and that low socioeconomic status (SES) individuals disproportionately bear the burden of infection. We also identify geographical hotspots of influenza burden in low SES populations, much of which is overlooked in traditional influenza surveillance, and find that these differences are most predicted by variation in susceptibility and access to sickness absenteeism. Our results highlight that the effect of overlapping factors is synergistic and that reducing this intersectionality can significantly reduce inequities. Additionally, health disparities are expressed geographically, and targeting public health efforts spatially may be an efficient use of resources to abate inequities. The association between health and socioeconomic prosperity has a long history in the epidemiological literature; addressing health inequities in respiratory-transmitted infectious disease burden is an important step towards social justice in public health, and ignoring them promises to pose a serious threat.
Psychological detachment

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an additional perspective on when and why intrinsic motivation predicts employee engagement by presenting a contextual boundary of psychological detachment in relation to the relationship between intrinsic motivation, employee creativity and employee engagement of workers.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 288 full-time Japanese workers using an online survey. The study used a bootstrap method (Preacher and Hayes, 2008) to test mediation, and a Hayes method (2013) to test moderation and a first-stage moderated mediation model.FindingsEmployee creativity mediated the relationship between intrinsic motivation and employee engagement, and the relationship between intrinsic motivation and creativity was moderated by psychological detachment. Additionally, the indirect effect of intrinsic motivation on employee engagement via creativity was moderated by psychological detachment.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional design may have limited the empirical inferences; however, the proposed model was based on robust theoretical contentions, and the study included an unrelated “marker variable” (neuroticism) as an effective means of identifying common method variance (CMV), thus mitigating the limitation of the design.Practical implicationsThis study has shown that intrinsically motivated employees who practice psychological detachment from work achieve higher creativity and stronger employee engagement.Originality/valueBased on the unconscious thought theory (UTT), job demand resource theory (JD-R), recovery processes (i.e. effort-recovery model) and self-determination theory (SDT), this paper adds to the literature by demonstrating the mediating and moderating mechanisms driving intrinsic motivation and employee engagement relationship.
PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM PERIWINKLES IN CREEKS SOUTH-SOUTH OF NIGERIA

One hundred and twenty pieces of periwinkle were obtain each from Yenogoa and Oron Creek. The periwinkle were of two genera namely: Pachymelania aurita obtained from Oronk Creek located in Akwa-Ibom State, while the Tympanotonus fuscatus notably a brackish water habitat was obtained from Yenogoa in Bayelsa state both in south-south Nigeria. Evaluation of possible microbiological isolate was carried out according to Cowan and Steel's Manuel for medical Bacterial identification. The Creek in Yenogoa presented high level of Coliform count 2.6×10 5 cfug -1 while the Oron Creek had an unacceptable load of Salmonella count 6×10 6 cfug -1 . The total bacterial count was highest in Oron Creek 1.46×108cfug-1 from Tympanotonus fuscatus. The microorganisms isolated from both Creeks were Esherichia coli, proteus sp, salmonella sp, pseudomonas sp and Enterobacter sp. Proteus sp was the least isolated while Salmonella sp was the highest.
Risk Management Opportunities between Socially Responsible Investments and Selected Commodities

Socially responsible investing (SRI) or sustainable, responsible, and impact investing is growing fast. The net total of SRI assets at the beginning of 2018 was USD 12.0 trillion. There is extensive literature on SRI, but very little of it relates to portfolio construction and risk management combining SRI and commodities. In this paper, the authors pay attention to model volatility and dynamic conditional correlations between SRI investment and selected representative of commodities. We state the following hypothesis: the potential to create portfolio and risk management opportunities exists between SRI and commodities such as grain, precious metals, and industrial metals. To verify this, modeling of volatility and dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) between pair of elements is necessary. Empirical research conducted for the global market based on selected indices for SRI and commodities confirms this hypothesis. These results can improve asset selection in portfolio construction and allow investors to make more reasonable decisions.
Tuning the Morphology and Properties of Nanostructured Cu-ZnO Thin Films Using a Two-Step Sputtering Technique

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide-band-gap semiconductor that is promising for use as a transparent conductive oxide film. To date, to improve their optoelectrical properties, pristine ZnO films have been doped with metals using various techniques. In this study, nanostructured Cu-ZnO thin films were synthesized using a modified two-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique with separate ZnO and metallic Cu targets. Controlling the timing of the Cu/ZnO co-sputtering and ZnO-only sputtering steps afforded a significant change in the resulting nanostructures, such as uniform Cu-ZnO and broccoli-structured Cu-ZnO thin films. Using various measurement techniques, the influence of Cu doping was analyzed in detail. Furthermore, a crystal growth model for the formation of the broccoli-like clusters was suggested. The Cu-ZnO thin films synthesized using this technique demonstrate a highly improved conductivity with some loss in optical transmittance.
Índice de Poluição por Pellets (IPP) na Baía de Santos (SP) no inverno de 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar se seis praias da Baia de Santos atuam como “Distribuidoras” ou “Estocadoras” de pellets plasticos e determinar a influencia da proximidade com o canal do porto de Santos com a quantidade encontrada. Para isso, foi calculado o Indice de Poluicao por Pellets (IPP) em duas porcoes do sedimento a cada praia analisada. A maior parte das praias apresentou quantidade de pellets muito baixa, com carater de estoque. Duas praias, com carater distribuidor, receberam quantidades altas e muito altas de pellets . Com excecao da Ponta da Praia, que sofre processo erosivo acentuado, e da praia do Goes, com condicoes meteoceanograficas desfavoraveis, as praias mais proximas do canal do porto recebem as maiores quantidades de pellets . Portanto, a Baia de Santos representa um local de distribuicao de grandes quantidades de pellets para outras praias da regiao, tendo o porto de Santos como a fonte emissora mais plausivel. Palavras-chave: Distribuidoras. Estocadoras. Pellets . Poluicao.
Effect of some environmental factors on liana abundance in a regenerating secondary lowland rainforest in Nigeria three decades after a ground fire

This study examined variation in liana composition, abundance and environmental variables associated with them in a regenerating secondary rainforest in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Six sample plots were established in the secondary forest in locations undergoing different degrees of regeneration for this study. All individual lianas were enumerated and girths at breast height were measured. Five soil samples were randomly collected from each sample plot using a soil auger, air-dried and sieved, and were analyzed for pH, particle size distribution, organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable cations and organic matter content. Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis, Correlation and regression analysis, we determined soil variables that influenced the liana abundance in the forest. There were 41 liana species in the forest with Motandra guineensis (Apocynaceae) being the most important species. The soil variables affected the liana species differently with the “group IV” liana species showing more preference for all the environmental variables. Liana individuals showed no significant relationship with all the soil variables in the forest. Also, only Motandra guineensis showed a strong relationship with all the soil variables in the forest. The study concluded that soil variables affected the liana abundance in the forest differently.
Interactions of Positrons and Electrons with Hydrogenic Systems, Excitation, Resonances, and Photoabsorption in Two-Electron Systems

There are a number of approaches to study interactions of positrons and electrons with hydrogenic targets. Among the most commonly used are the method of polarized orbital, the close-coupling approximation, and the R-matrix formulation. The last two approaches take into account the short-range and long-range correlations. The method of polarized orbital takes into account only long-range correlations but is not variationally correct. This method has recently been modified to take into account both types of correlations and is variationally correct. It has been applied to calculate phase shifts of scattering from hydrogenic systems like H, He+, and Li2+. The phase shifts obtained using this method have lower bounds to the exact phase shifts and agree with those obtained using other approaches. This approach has also been applied to calculate resonance parameters in two-electron systems obtaining results which agree with those obtained using the Feshbach projection-operator formalism. Furthermore this method has been employed to calculate photodetachment and photoionization of two-electron systems, obtaining very accurate cross sections which agree with the experimental results. Photodetachment cross sections are particularly useful in the study of the opacity of the sun. Recently, excitation of the atomic hydrogen by electron impact and also by positron impact has been studied by this method.