Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights from a modelling analysis of COVID-19 vaccination in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Background Understanding the main determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake is critical to increasing vaccine coverage. This is particularly important for COVID-19 vaccine uptake, which has been affected by both demand and supply issues. Aim To understand the links between vaccine uptake and demand and supply issues in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean and UNICEF Middle East and North Africa regions. Methods We collected data through 2 rounds of a repeated cross-sectional phone survey from 11 000 individuals across 16 low- and middle-income countries. We used logit modelling to distil the main characteristics of the 4 vaccination categories (vaccinated, unvaccinated but willing, unvaccinated and undecided, and unvaccinated and unwilling) while also considering vaccine availability. We conducted sub-regional analysis to account for differences in level of development between the low- and middle-income countries. Results Despite the increase in vaccination coverage from 60.9% at the end of 2021 to 78.3% by August 2022, about 9% were not willing and were not vaccinated during the two rounds of interviews. Our modelling analysis revealed that positive beliefs about safety, effectiveness and side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines were associated with increased odds of being vaccinated or willingness to be vaccinated. Those who did not believe in the safety of the vaccines were less likely to be vaccinated than those who believed in the safety of the vaccines (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.46-0.67). By contrast, negative beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccines increased the probability of being unwilling to be vaccinated. Conclusion The results from this research offer useful insights into tackling the supply and demand related barriers to COVID-19 vaccination uptake and provides lessons for future health threats.
Near extinct Argyreia versicolor and rare Argyreia mekongensis are dependent on carpenter bee pollinators

Abstract Argyreia versicolor and Argyreia mekongensis are extremely rare plant species. The former had not been seen for nearly 100 years until two individuals were found in Thailand in 2018, and only a handful of populations are known for the latter. The aims of this study were to examine the breeding systems of A. versicolor and A. mekongensis using pollination experiments and to determine their potential pollinators via floral observations. Our controlled pollination experiments uncovered the self-incompatibility of both species. Pollinator censuses indicated that females of two carpenter bee species, Xylocopa aestuans and Xylocopa latipes, were the predominant floral visitors for both Argyreia species. Our observations confirmed a harmonious match between the floral shape of both Argyreia species and the body sizes of these pollinators, ensuring effective pollen transfer and validating their role as putative pollinators. In line with the high frequency of pollinator visits observed, our controlled pollination experiments found no evidence of pollen limitation under field conditions. The findings of this study hold significance for the conservation of these endangered species, yet the situation is dire for A. versicolor, with one of the two individuals under study recently lost. Hence, it is crucial to intensify monitoring efforts for the species, aiming to identify additional individuals for potential inclusion in an ex-situ conservation program. Simultaneously, safeguarding the habitat of these plant species and their pollinators will be critical.
Tylosaurus kansasensis, a new species of tylosaurine (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas, USA

Abstract Tylosaurus kansasensis sp. nov. is described herein on the basis of thirteen specimens collected from the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Coniacian) of western Kansas, USA. The new species, originally designated Tylosaurus n. sp. , co-occurred with T. nepaeolicus and exhibits a number of primitive characters that place it in a basal position in the mosasaur phylogeny. Among the key differences separating this species from other tylosaurines are a shortened, more rounded pre-dental process of the premaxilla, a distinctive quadrate lacking an infrastapedial process, and a parietal foramen located adjacent to the frontal-parietal suture.
Influences of Source/Drain Extension Region on Thermal Behavior of Stacked Nanosheet FET

A well-calibrated numerical-simulation-based study reveals that an elongated extension region can be a notable approach for the self-heating mitigation of nanosheet FETs. It is observed that a longer extension length (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{\text {EXT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 8 nm) reduces the ON current; however, it holds a smaller penalty in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text {ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> degradation (~10%) due to the self-heating effect (SHE). When the extension region is increased from 2 to 8 nm, a reduction of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$16\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text {OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is observed along with a reduction of ~9 mV/dec in the subthreshold swing. On the contrary, a change in ~15 mV in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is observed when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{\text {EXT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is increased from 2 to 8 nm. Considering lattice heat due to SHE, intrinsic delay, unity-gain bandwidth, and the above-mentioned characteristic, the optimum <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{\text {EXT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> would be 5–6 nm. The longer extension lengths (2–8-nm increase) provide a lesser transconductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) degradation (~15%) due to SHE. It is observed that intrinsic capacitance <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}_{\text {gg}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> reduces with an increment in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{\text {EXT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (2–8 nm), which eventually reduces the propagation delay (~20%) with an improvement in noise margin too. It is worth noting that for a common source amplifier, a longer extension region of 8 nm will also provide <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 1.87\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> more voltage gain when compared with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{\text {EXT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 2 nm, which increases to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 1.97\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> in self-heating condition due to a smaller degradation “<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>” (from ~12.4% to ~6.6%) in gain with longer extension length.
Response of indigenous rice cultivars to applied fertilizers in tidal floodplain of south central coastal region of Bangladesh.

Growing rice in tidal floodplain in south central coastal region of Bangladesh is constrained due to uncontrolled floodwater. The area is not suitable for growing high yielding modern varieties of rice and the farmers grow indigenous varieties which are tall and tolerant to tidal floods but with low yield potential. These varieties are usually grown without fertilizer application. Information on the response of these indigenous varieties to fertilizer application is either lacking or inadequate. The present study was conducted to evaluate the fertilizer response of three indigenous rice varieties. On farm trials were carried out for two consecutive growing seasons (2011 to 2013) involving fifteen (15) farmers of five villages representing tidal flood plain. There was significant varietal difference in fertilizer response. Variety Sadamota gave higher yield (3.84 t per ha) than the other two varieties. This was attributed to more panicles per unit area and larger number of spikelets per panicle. Varieties, Moulata and Sadamota respectively produced 26 and 21% higher yield when grown with a moderate dose of 40 kg N, 15 kg P and 24 kg K per ha. Fertilizer induced higher yield in Sadamota was associated with greater number of filled spikelets per panicle and larger grain size.
Tectonometamorphic evolution of an intracontinental orogeny inferred from P–T–t–d paths of the metapelites from the Rehamna massif (Morocco)

New petrographic and microstructural observations, mineral equilibria modelling and U/Pb (monazite) geochronological studies were carried out to investigate the relationships between deformation and metamorphism across the Rehamna massif (Moroccan Variscan belt). In this area, typical Barrovian (muscovite to staurolite) zones developed in Cambrian to Carboniferous metasedimentary rocks that are distributed around a dome‐like structure. First assemblages are characterized by the presence of locally preserved andalusite, followed by prograde evolution culminating at 6 kbar and 620 °C in the structurally deepest staurolite zone rocks. This Barrovian sequence was subsequently uplifted to supracrustal levels, heterogeneously reworked at greenschist facies conditions, which was followed locally by static growth of andalusite, indicating heating to 2.5–4 kbar and 530–570 °C. The 206Pb/238U monazite age of 298.3 ± 4.1 Ma is interpreted as minimum age of peak metamorphic conditions, whereas the ages of 275.8 ± 1.7 Ma and 277.0 ± 1.1 Ma date decompression and heating at low pressure, in agreement with previous dating of Permian granitoids intruding the Rehamna massif. The prograde metamorphism occurred during thickening and associated horizontal flow in the deeper crust (S1 horizontal schistosity). The horizontally disposed metamorphic zones were subsequently uplifted by a regional scale antiform during ongoing N–S compression. The re‐heating of the massif follows late massive E–W shortening, refolding and retrograde shearing of all previous fabrics coevally with regionally important intrusions of Permian granitoids. We argue that metamorphic evolution of the Rehamna massif occurred several hundred kilometres from the convergent plate boundaries in the interior of continental Gondwanan plate. The tectonometamorphic history of the Rehamna massif is put into Palaeozoic plate tectonic perspective and Late Carboniferous reactivation of (Devonian)–Early Carboniferous basins formed during stretching of the north Gondwana margin and formation of the Palaeotethys Ocean. The inherited heat budget of these magma‐rich basins plays a role in the preferential location of this intracontinental orogen. It is shown that rapid transition from lithospheric stretching to compression is characterized by specific HT type of Barrovian metamorphism, which markedly differs from similar Barrovian sequences along Palaeozoic plate boundaries reported from Variscan Europe.
Determination of some heavy metals and physicochemical properties in contaminated soils of open waste dumpsite in Awka, Anambra State

The current study was designed for the assessment of cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, zinc and manganese and some physicochemical properties of soils collected from an open dumpsite in Awka, Nigeria. Soil samples at the depth (0-20 cm) were randomly collected at the dump field and were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metals using standard analytical methods. The results show that the main dumpsite had a high sand content (91.48% ± 0.26%) with a low silt 4.07% ± 0.03% and clay 4.65% ± 0.00%. The pH of the dumpsite soils was 6.07 ± 0.04 which is an acidic pH. Organic matter (%) and organic carbon (%) were 3.84 ± 0.06 and 2.23 ± 0.04 respectively. The EC (µS cm-1) was 476.9 ± 0.00 while the ECEC (cmol/kg) 18.93 ± 0.04. The bulk density (g cm-3) was 1.32 ± 0.00 and the porosity (%) of the dump soil was 41.40 ± 0.00. Total metal concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn and Mn were also analyzed and the concentrations of the heavy metals at dumpsitewas obtained (28.35 ± 0.21 to 149.10 ± 0.01 mg/kg). Metal contamination at dumpsite was in the order of Mn ˃ Zn ˃ Pb ˃ Cd ˃ Cr ˃ Ni. The study evidently indicates the presence of heavy metal contamination in the dumpsite even though some of them fell below the critical permissible concentration level. However, it is their accumulation and persistence in the soils of the dump site that may be a cause of concern for their surrounding environment and organisms.
Endocyclophotocoagulation Combined with Phacoemulsification in Glaucoma Treatment: Five-Year Results

Background: this study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of phaco-endocyclophotocoagulation (phaco-ECP) in patients with glaucoma over five consecutive years. Methods: Thirty-eight patients (38 eyes) with primary and secondary glaucoma were enrolled to undergo phaco-ECP (Endo Optiks URAM E2, Beaver-Visitec International, Waltham, MA, USA). The primary outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, success rates, glaucoma medication use, and visual acuity after phaco-ECP. An IOP reduction of 20% compared to the baseline value without re-intervention was considered a successful treatment. Complete success was defined as a cessation of antiglaucoma medications. Secondary outcome measures included intraoperative and postoperative complications. Measurements were performed preoperatively and in the first week and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60 months postoperatively. Results: The mean ± SD values of IOP preoperatively, at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months postoperatively were 22.6 ± 6.7 mmHg, 15.9 ± 3.9 mmHg (p < 0.001), 15.9 ± 2.9 mmHg (p < 0.001), 15.6 ± 2.7 mmHg (p < 0.001), 15.5 ± 3.8 mmHg (p < 0.001), and 15.2 ± 2.6 mmHg (p < 0.001), respectively. The mean IOP at the last follow-up was reduced by 32.7%. The decrease in the number of antiglaucoma medications was statistically significant at each follow-up visit compared to the baseline. The qualified success rate was 40.6%. All patients at the 60-month follow-up visit required the use of antiglaucoma medications—none of the patients achieved complete success. During the follow-up period, nine patients (28.3%) that required retreatment due to nonachievement of the target IOP were considered failures. Six patients (15.8%) were lost from the follow-up. A total of 23 patients were evaluated 60 months after their phaco-ECP. Complications directly associated with the procedure, such as corneal edema (25.6%), IOP spikes (20.5%), IOL dislocation (2.6%), and uveitis (12.8%), were observed in our patients. Hypotony was not observed in any of our patients. Conclusions: The phaco-ECP procedure was effective, well-tolerated, and safe for reducing IOP in glaucoma patients with cataracts over a long-term follow-up. Randomized, larger-scale studies are required to validate the results obtained.
Context-aware SAR image ship detection and recognition network

With the development of deep learning, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ship detection and recognition based on deep learning have gained widespread application and advancement. However, there are still challenging issues, manifesting in two primary facets: firstly, the imaging mechanism of SAR results in significant noise interference, making it difficult to separate background noise from ship target features in complex backgrounds such as ports and urban areas; secondly, the heterogeneous scales of ship target features result in the susceptibility of smaller targets to information loss, rendering them elusive to detection. In this article, we propose a context-aware one-stage ship detection network that exhibits heightened sensitivity to scale variations and robust resistance to noise interference. Then we introduce a Local feature refinement module (LFRM), which utilizes multiple receptive fields of different sizes to extract local multi-scale information, followed by a two-branch channel-wise attention approach to obtain local cross-channel interactions. To minimize the effect of a complex background on the target, we design the global context aggregation module (GCAM) to enhance the feature representation of the target and suppress the interference of noise by acquiring long-range dependencies. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of our method on three publicly available SAR ship detection datasets, SAR-Ship-Dataset, high-resolution SAR images dataset (HRSID), and SAR ship detection dataset (SSDD). The experimental results show that our method is more competitive, with AP50s of 96.3, 93.3, and 96.2% on the three publicly available datasets, respectively.
Spine Metastasis Is Associated with the Development of Brain Metastasis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Background and Objectives: The mechanisms involved in the development of brain metastasis (BM) remain elusive. Here, we investigated whether BM is associated with spine involvement in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: A consecutive 902 patients with metastatic NSCLC were included from the Inha Lung Cancer Cohort. Patients with BM at diagnosis or subsequent BM development were evaluated for both spine involvement in NSCLC and anatomic proximity of BM to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space. Results: At diagnosis, BM was found in 238 patients (26.4%) and bone metastasis was found in 393 patients (43.6%). In patients with bone metastasis, spine involvement was present in 280 patients. BM subsequently developed in 82 (28.9%) of 284 patients without BM at diagnosis. The presence of spine metastasis was associated with BM at diagnosis and subsequent BM development (adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals = 2.42 and 1.74–3.37, p < 0.001; 1.94 and 1.19–3.18, p = 0.008, respectively). Most patients with spine metastasis, either with BM at diagnosis or subsequent BM, showed BM lesions located adjacent (within 5mm) to the CSF space (93.8% of BM at the diagnosis, 100% of subsequent BM). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the presence of spine involvement is a risk factor for BM development in NSCLC patients with bone metastasis.
Operations, Challenges, and Prospects of Satellite-Based Surface Soil Moisture Data Services

Building upon the progress made in algorithmic research and improvements in sensor technologies, operational soil moisture products have increasingly become available over the past decade (Wagner et al. 2007b). The first global satellite-based soil moisture dataset that was freely shared with the user community was derived from backscatter measurements collected by the C-band scatterometer (ESCAT) on board the ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). It was first released in 2002 (Scipal et al. 2002) and after that it has been updated irregularly (Reimer et al. 2012). The ESCAT soil moisture dataset has been produced and distributed by the microwave remote sensing team of the Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), and given that funding relied principally on research programs, it is a classical research product, that is, software development, dataset updating, and user support have all been done on a best effort basis, not yet having benefited from the more integrated and documented approach followed in CONTENTS
Scientific contribution on combining biophysical criteria underpinning the delineation of agricultural areas affected by specific constraints: Methodology and factsheets for plausible criteria combinations

Support for farming in areas facing natural constraints aims at compensating farmers for disadvantages due to adverse biophysical conditions. EU regulation No 1305/2013 provides grounds to delineate, amongst others, ‘areas with specific constraints’ through the combination of biophysical criteria of Annex III when at least two of the biophysical criteria are present within a margin of not more than 20% of the threshold value initially defined. An ad-hoc panel of experts, under JRC steering, has prepared guidance and recommendations on the plausible combination of criteria and relevant sub-severe thresholds. However, the experts have also underlined the uncertainties of this exercise due to data availability and the complexity of soil-climate-plant interactions. The eight biophysical criteria (indeed 14 sub-criteria) were cross-tabulated to examine the resulting 91 pairwise combinations. These can result in negative or positive synergies, no interaction, unclear synergy; some combinations are not possible. Moreover, specific cases were also identified where criteria combinations are not appropriate (e.g. when criteria are conceptually linked). An assessment of the threshold values towards the 20% margin was carried-out and revealed that the application of the exact threshold value is not always possible or reasonable. As a consequence, five approaches to this situation were defined and accordingly applied to the concerned criteria. For each criterion, the rationale and justification for the sub-severe threshold application are provided in the document. For the combination of criteria, factsheets were prepared for all negative (25 cases), positive (3 cases) and unclear synergies (5 cases).
A Systematic Literature Review: the Role of Balanced Scorecard in Performance Measurement for Corporate Sustainability

This research aims to improve sustainable business performance through Balanced Scorecard (BSC) with a systematic literature review method from 2018 to 2022, using Watase Uake, which resulted in 28 selected articles. BSC has proven to be strategic in improving the holistic performance of companies, covering 4 main perspectives: financial, customer, development and growth, and internal process. The internal process perspective was more influential in strategizing to measure company performance, followed by the training and development perspective, and then the customer and financial perspectives. The four perspectives of performance measurement using the balanced scorecard are interrelated so that the internal process makes improvements in the learning and development perspective, which in turn leads to finance by bringing benefits to customer satisfaction.
The Affidavit of Support Legally Enforceable for Foreign Citizens in Indonesia

This study aims to assess authorize of a notary in making affidavit deeds regard to inheritance rights for foreign citizens. Focus this study to discuss the application affidavit as evidence in court based on the dispute case of Chung Jung as a foreign citizen who demands his rights as heirs. The purpose of the discussion is to answer the problem that Indonesia has not specifically regulated affidavits which used to evidence in court. This study using the statute approach and case approach to investigate the regulations and the case related to the issues discussed. As a result, the affidavit deed made by the Indonesian Notary does not have the power to resolve dispute, it is used as complementary evidence. Claims using affidavit deed as single evidence have no legal strength power in court.Keywords: Affidavit; Authentic Deed; Notary; Civil Cases; Foreign Citizens