Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multilevel analysis exploring the relative importance of workplace resources in explaining nurses' workload perceptions: Are we setting the right focus?

BACKGROUND Nurses' workload has become increasingly recognized as an important determinant of nurse turnover and shortage and has been also associated with poorer quality of care. Despite strong evidence that heavy workloads have negative consequences, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the workplace characteristics that contribute most to improving nurses' workload, the relative importance of each in doing so, or indeed the workplace characteristics and other factors that drive nurses' perceptions of their workload. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine workplace resources as antecedents of nurses' perceptions of their workload and to investigate their relative importance in explaining workload perceptions. We considered workplace resources related to staffing, professional relationships, and technology. METHODOLOGY The study sample comprised nurse-reported and administrative data from U.S. Veterans Health Administration hospitals between 2014 and 2017. Our multilevel analyses are based on data from 20,330 nurses working in 273 work groups at 123 hospitals. We developed and empirically tested a theoretical model using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression. The relative importance of workplace resources was assessed by dominance analysis. RESULTS Staffing levels, relational climate, and information technology were significantly associated with nurses' workload perceptions. Dominance analysis indicated that relational resources are the most important measure in explaining nurses' workload perceptions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This is the first study to examine the relative importance of workplace resources in explaining nurses' perceptions of their workload. Our results suggest that much might be gained by investing in interventions to boost relational resources. In turn, these findings could lead to more targeted, effective, and resource efficient interventions to improve nurses' workload.
Autophagic Proteome in Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains during Second Fermentation for Sparkling Wine Elaboration

A correlation between autophagy and autolysis has been proposed in order to accelerate the acquisition of wine organoleptic properties during sparkling wine elaboration. In this context, a proteomic analysis was carried out in two industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (P29, conventional sparkling wine strain and G1, implicated in sherry wine elaboration) with the aim of studying the autophagy-related proteome and comparing the effect of CO2 overpressure during sparkling wine elaboration. In general, a detrimental effect of pressure and second fermentation development on autophagy-related proteome was observed in both strains, although it was more pronounced in flor yeast strain G1. Proteins mainly involved in autophagy regulation and autophagosome formation in flor yeast G1, and those required for vesicle nucleation and expansion in P29 strain, highlighted in sealed bottle. Proteins Sec2 and Sec18 were detected 3-fold under pressure conditions in P29 and G1 strains, respectively. Moreover, ‘fingerprinting’ obtained from multivariate data analysis established differences in autophagy-related proteome between strains and conditions. Further research is needed to achieve more solid conclusions and design strategies to promote autophagy for an accelerated autolysis, thus reducing cost and time production, as well as acquisition of good organoleptic properties.
Alleviation of salinity stress during seed germination in wheat (Triticum aestivum) by potassium applications

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted during 2004 to study the influence of potassium on 'Tir' wheat (Triticum aestivum, L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under salt stress. Potassium (K2SO4) was added to soil at 8 levels (0, 100,200, 300,400,500,600,700 mg K/kg dry soil) under salinity stress, and non-salinity condition was used as a control. Soil salinity used in the experiment with salinity concentrations at 8 mmhos/cm. NaCl significantly decreased emergence percentage, dry shoot and root weights, shoot K+:Na+ ratio, Chlorophyll a and b contents and osmotic potential, whereas it increased proline concentrations compared to non-salinity condition in wheat seedlings. The potassium application had positive effects on salinity and alleviated negative effects of salinity on wheat seedling Potassium application significantly increased emergence percentage, dry shoot and root weights, shoot K+:Na+ ratio, chlorophyll a and b contents and osmotic potential, whereas proline concentration decreased in wheat plants under salt stress
A Comparison of the Pregnancy and Labour Outcomes between Nulliparous and Grand Multiparous Pregnancies in the Niger Delta

Objective: A comparative study of the challenges posed by grand multiparous compared to nulliparous women in the antenatal period and in labour. Study Design: A retrospective comparative study of grand multiparous and nulliparous women at the Niger Delta University, Okolobiri, Nigeria conducted between January 2010 and January 2013. Results: In the study period 3,125 women delivered in the hospital. The grandmultiparous women were 865 (27.6%) and nulliparas 664 (21.2%) of the total number of deliveries. The mean age for grandmultiparous and nulliparous women was 35.6 ± 3.30 and 26.37 ± 3.86 respectively. The grandmultiparous women were significant of less educational attainment than nulliparous women (X 2 =6.39, P= 0.01). Mean gestational age at booking for grandmultiparas was 24.50 ± 6.40 weeks and the nulliparas 20.20 ± 7.80 weeks respectively. Gestational age at delivery for grand multiparas and nulliparas were 38.40 ±2.40 weeks and 38.50 ± 2.40 weeks respectively. The packed cell volume at booking for grandmultiparous and nulliparas was 30.6 ± 3.7% and 32.2%respectively. Anemia at booking was more significantly in grand multiparous women compared to the nulligravida X 2 =7.18, P =0.01). Hypertension was significantly more in grand multiparous than the nulliparous woman X 2 =3.90, P=0.04). Grand multiparous women significantly have more gestational diabetes than nulliparous women X 2 = 14.44, P = 0.00). The grandmultiparous woman had more significantly primary postpartum hemorrhage than the nulliparous woman (X 2 =5.34, P = 0.00). Cephalopelvic disproportion was significantly more in nulliparous women compared to the grand multiparas (P=0.00). Genital tract injuries were more common in nulliparous than grand multiparous (P= 0.01) Urinary tract infection was more significantly common in nulliparous women compared to grand multiparous women P =0.02). Mean birth weight for grand multiparous and nulliparous was 3.41 ± 0.66 and 3.04 ± 0.59 respectively. The nulliparous woman significantly delivered a low birth weight baby (birth weight < 2500g), (X 2 = 6.72, P =0.01). The stillbirth rate for the study was 22.7/1000 live deliveries. Stillbirth(s) were significantly more in multiparous women compared to the nullipas. Conclusion: Grand multiparous pregnancies are still plagued with an avalanche of complications even when antenatal care and delivery was supervised in tertiary institutions. Good birth preparedness, diligence on the part of both the physician and antenatal subjects is important to achieve a good antenatal outcome.
Quality of life and its associated factors among patients with COPD before and after an exacerbation in Sri Lanka

Abstract Purpose: This study was done to describe quality of life (QOL) and its associated factors among patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) before and after an exacerbation in the premier province of Sri Lanka, which is a lower middle income country. Methods: Longitudinal study with two waves of data collection was done in 13 government hospitals among 289 participants in 2015. Sample size was calculated using a formula for estimating QOL in numerical scale with reference to documented global literature. The study population included admitted patients with an exacerbation of COPD. The pre-exacerbation and the post-discharge one month quality of life were assessed using SF-36 generic QOL tool. Bivariate analysis was followed by multivariate analysis. Results: For seven QOL domains there was a significant decline in QOL at one month post-discharge (p<0.05) compared to pre-exacerbation figures. Age (two domains) income (seven domains) and health infrastructure (seven domains) significantly associated with the pre-exacerbation QOL. Pre-exacerbation QOL significantly correlated with post-discharge QOL for five domains. A higher-age, higher monthly income, better health-infrastructure and a lower severity of the exacerbation were independent predictors of a lowered QOL following an exacerbation. Conclusions: Younger age, higher income and better health-infrastructure are associated with higher baseline QOL of COPD patients. The baseline QOL scores are worsened following an exacerbation. Post-discharge QOL can be predicted with pre-exacerbation QOL for five domains of QOL. Older age, higher income level, better level of health infrastructure and lower severity of the exacerbation are associated with a reduction of the pre-exacerbation QOL at 1one month from the hospital discharge. Key Words: COPD, Quality of life, Exacerbation, Sri Lanka, SF-36, Chronic Respiratory Disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
The Role of CD8 T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a significant global health concern with more than 350 million people worldwide at risk of infection. One of the most interesting and confounding aspects of leishmaniasis is the broad spectrum of disease severity seen in patients. The role of CD8 T cells during leishmaniasis has been controversial, but is currently thought to entail the production of IFN-&gamma to polarize CD4 T cells towards a protective Th1 type immune response. However, analysis of CD8 T cells in human lesions does not demonstrate significant IFN-&gamma production by these cells. Additionally, CD8 T cells taken from patient lesions are responsive to a number of other pathogens, indicating significant infiltration of bystander CD8 T cells into the lesions during natural infection. Given this, we hypothesized that a patient's immunologic history may have a profound effect on the disease progression of Leishmania infection. To test this we examined the functionality of CD8 T cells, both antigen specific and bystander cells generated in response to other pathogens, at the site of infection with L. major. We show that CD8 T cells in the skin adopt a cytotoxic phenotype and express high levels of gzmB but little IFN-&gamma. To evaluate the potential role of bystander cells in the lesions during L. major infection, we utilized two distinct infection scenarios: a prior viral or bacterial infection that is cleared before challenge with L. major and a direct coinfection with a virus at the peak of lesion formation. In both cases, bystander cells exacerbated the disease course of L. major. In the case of a previous infection, this immunopathology was not associated with any change in parasite control. Whereas, in the case of direct coinfection the immunopathology was associated with an increased parasite burden in both the skin and DLN. Strikingly, regardless of the timing of the heterologous infection, the immunopathology was mediated in a CD8 T cell, NKG2D dependent manner. This work identifies NKG2D and its ligands as potential therapeutic targets in leishmaniasis and has broad implications for the potential role of this pathway in other infections where excessive tissue damage and immunopathology are observed. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Immunology First Advisor Phillip Scott
Molecular characterization of Hazaragie sheep native to Central Afghanistan

Hazaragie is a small size, fat-tailed sheep breed found in the mountainous area of central Afghanistan. To characterize the breed on molecular level, DNA was extracted from blood samples of 44 animals randomly selected from their breeding tract, and each of 31 SSR markers was subjected to PCR using individual DNA sample, for amplification. Out of 31 SSR Markers 4 did not amplify, however, the remaining 27 were polymorphic giving total number of 170 alleles with average number of alleles 6.296 per locus, ranged from 3 (OarCP34) to 11 (BM1329). Mean effective number of alleles were 4.394 with allelic richness of 3.584 per locus. Higher heterozygosity (0.825) was observed in the population and hence expected heterozygosity (0.772), average heterozygosity (0.757) and gene diversity (0.772) were also higher. Inbreeding estimates within the population was calculated to be –0.069 on average across all loci. Most of the loci and overall population significantly deviate from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Polymorphism Information Content and Shannon information index was 0.534 and 1.581 respectively. Tests for Mutation drift equilibrium showed the absence of genetic bottleneck in the population. There was significant number of loci with heterozygosity excess under 2 of the 3 mutation models. Qualitative test utilizing allele frequencies showed the abundance of low frequency alleles and followed normal L-shape form on graph; represent the absence of genetic bottleneck in the population in recent past.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Dementia Caregivers' Well-Being.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Studies comparing racial/ethnic differences on measures of psychological and physical well-being for dementia caregivers have reported differences between minority and white caregivers. Recruitment methods often differ for minority and white participants due to enrollment targets and may lead to biased comparisons, especially in convenience samples. We aimed to examine racial/ethnic differences in dementia caregiver outcomes and to determine whether differences vary between studies with population-based or convenience samples. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We systematically reviewed articles with primary data from PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO. We included studies comparing African American or Hispanic/Latino to white dementia caregivers on measures of psychological well-being or physical well-being. Reviewers screened titles and abstracts, reviewed full texts and conducted risk-of-bias assessments. Meta-analyses were conducted to assess effects by race/ethnicity and study bias. RESULTS A total of 159 effects were extracted from 38 studies, 2 of which were population based. Random-effects models revealed small but statistically significant effects with better psychological well-being in African American caregivers compared with white caregivers in both population-based (d = -0.22) and convenience sample studies (d = -0.21). Hispanics/Latino caregivers reported lower levels of physical well-being than white caregivers (d = 0.12), though these effects varied by level of rated study bias. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Consistency across study methods raises confidence in the validity of previous reports of better psychological well-being in African American caregivers. Future studies should use population-based samples with subgroups of Hispanic/Latino, Asian American, and American Indian caregivers that are culturally distinct on factors such as country of origin and tribe.
Culture Techniques of Moina : The Ideal Daphnia for Feeding Freshwater Fish Fry1

1. This document is Circular 1054, one of a series from the Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published: May 1992. Revised: February 2003. Reviewed January 2011. Please visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu. 2. R.W. Rottmann, former Senior Biological Scientist, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, and J. Scott Graves, Biological Scientist, Craig Watson, Director, and Roy P.E. Yanong, Assistant Professor, UF/IFAS Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, Ruskin, FL 33570, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
Conhecimento de Gestantessobre a Saúde Bucal dos Bebês

Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o proposito deverificar o nivel de conhecimento de gestantesinstitucionalizadas (n=91) quanto aos cuidados com a suasaude bucal dos bebes. Materiais e Metodos: Para tanto, foielaborado um formulario estruturado, contendo perguntasobjetivas e subjetivas relacionadas com a transmissibilidadeda carie dentaria, os cuidados basicos com a saude bucal ea Odontologia na 1° Infância. Os dados foram analisadosutilizando-se estatistica descritiva. Resultados: Verificouseque, apesar de 73,6% das gestantes considerarem acarie uma doenca, 56,1% delas nao sabe ou nao acredita nasua transmissibilidade. A maioria das participantes (49,5%)acredita na possibilidade de se manter os dentes saudaveispor toda vida, entretanto, ainda uma grande parte das maesnao considera esta possibilidade (47,3%) como tambemafirma que nao se deve restaurar o dente deciduo (31,9%). Quanto a chupeta, 94,5% das gestantes acreditam que oseu uso prolongado e capaz de comprometer odesenvolvimento facial da crianca. 36,2% das parturientesconsideram o momento ideal para a primeira visita ao dentistaapenas quando todos os dentes estiverem presentes nacavidade bucal e citam como forma de se evitar a carie,principalmente a pratica da escovacao (45,6%). Conclusao:Assim, pode-se concluir que a populacaoestudada apresentou conhecimento razoavel, entretantolimitado, no que concerne aos cuidados com a saude bucal,sendo necessaria a elaboracao de Programas que as orientequanto a estes aspectos. The aim of this study was to assess knowledgelevel of pregnant women concerning their care to the infantoral health. These women (n=91) were receiving pre-natalsupervision at a local hospital. Materials and Methods: Aquestionnaire was elaborated containing both objective andsubjective questions related with the transmissivity of toothdecay and the basic cares of oral health in the primaryinfancy. The data were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics.Results: The results show that 56.1 percent of the pregnantwomen do not know or do not believe that tooth decay istransmissible, even though 73.6 percent is aware that toothdecay is a disease. The majority of the women answeringthe questionnaire (49.5%) believe that it is possible to maintainthe teeth in healthy conditions throughout their lives, however,a considerable part of the women (47.3%) does not considerthis possibility. Additionally, a great number of women believethat is unnecessary to treat the deciduous teeth affected bycaries. Concerning the use of pacifiers, 94.5% of the womeninterviewed in this study believe that prolonged pacifier usecan harm the child's facial development. 36.2% of themothers-to-be believe that the initial oral evaluation with adentist should be scheduled only when all teeth have grownand they have mentioned that brushing is the best way toprevent tooth decay (45.6%). Conclusion: The study hasshown that the interviewed population has a reasonableknowledge, however limited, about the oral health. Theseconclusions calls for the creation of an educational programto instruct them about this matter.
Flux de la charge parasitaire dans cinq stations d'épuration en Tunisie

Les recherches de kystes de protozoaires et oeufs d'helminthes ont ete effectuees sur les eaux brutes et epurees provenant de cinq stations d'epuration de type biologique (boues activees, lagunage naturel). En eaux d'entree, tous les echantillons contiennent des kystes de protozoaires notamment celui de Giardia Intestinalis a des concentrations de 3.101a 1,7 103 kystes. l-1. De facon moins frequente, on rencontre des œufs d'helminthes a des concentrations moyennes de 6 a 5.101 oeufs l-1. En eau epuree, on trouve des rendements d'elimination variant de 70 a 100 % pour les kystes de protozoaires. Par contre 100 % des echantillons de toutes les stations ne renferment plus d'oeufs d'helminthes. On peut donc constater l'efficacite des differents types de traitements biologiques vis-a-vis les elements parasitaires appartenant aux familles des Nematodes et Cestodes.
Traumatic stress in the age of COVID-19: A call to close critical gaps and adapt to new realities.

THE ISSUE Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) is transforming every aspect of our lives. Identified in late 2019, COVID-19 quickly became characterized as a global pandemic by March of 2020. Given the rapid acceleration of transmission, and the lack of preparedness to prevent and treat this virus, the negative impacts of COVID-19 are rippling through every facet of society. Although large numbers of people throughout the world will show resilience to the profound loss, stress, and fear associated with COVID-19, the virus will likely exacerbate existing mental health disorders and contribute to the onset of new stress-related disorders for many. RECOMMENDATIONS The field of traumatic stress should address the serious needs that will emerge now and well into the future. However, we propose that these efforts may be limited, in part, by ongoing gaps that exist within our research and clinical care. In particular, we suggest that COVID-19 requires us to prioritize and mobilize as a research and clinical community around several key areas: (a) diagnostics, (b) prevention, (c) public outreach and communication, (d) working with medical staff and mainstreaming into nonmental health services, and (e) COVID-19-specific trauma research. As members of our community begin to rapidly develop and test interventions for COVID-19-related distress, we hope that those in positions of leadership in the field of traumatic stress consider limits of our current approaches, and invest the intellectual and financial resources urgently needed in order to innovate, forge partnerships, and develop the technologies to support those in greatest need. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Potential benefits of acanthocephalan parasites for chub hosts in polluted environments.

Some parasites are expected to have beneficial impacts on wild populations in polluted environments, because of their bioaccumulation potential of pollutants from their hosts. The fate of organic micropollutants in host-parasite systems and the combined effect of parasitism and pollution were investigated in chub Squalius cephalus, a freshwater fish, infected (n = 73) or uninfected (n = 45) by acanthocephalan parasites Pomphorhynchus sp. from differently-contaminated riverine sites. Several ubiquitous pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls: PCBs, organochlorine pesticides: OCPs, polybrominated diphenyl-ethers: PBDEs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: PAHs, phthalates, insecticides: pyrethroids and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide: DEET) and some of their metabolites were characterized for the first time in the parasites and various fish matrices (muscle, liver and stomach content). Most organic pollutants reached higher levels in parasites than in chub matrices. In contrast, metabolite levels were lower in parasite tissues compared to fish matrices. Infected and uninfected chub exhibited no significant differences in their pollutant load. Body condition, organo-somatic indices and immunity were not affected by parasitism and few correlations were found with chemical pollution. Interestingly, infected chub exhibited lower oxidative damage compared to uninfected fish, irrespective of their pollutant load. In light of these results, this correlative study supports the hypothesis that acanthocephalan parasites could bring benefits to their hosts to cope with organic pollution.