Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Public Awareness and Personal Hygienic Practices of Rural People in the COVID-19 Situation

Background: The study attempted to understand rural Bangladesh's health information, awareness level, and preventive measures in the Coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey by face-to-face interview was conducted with rural people from 14 June 2020 to 13 August 2020. An ordered logistic regression model was employed for data analysis. A total of 3,007 people (Female = 55.97%; Male = 44.03%) participated in the survey who met the inclusion criteria. Results: The demography of respondents revealed that a significant portion of villagers were within the ages 21-30 (26.80%), had primary education (23.88%), unemployed (31.73%), and middle class (56.17%). The most common and influential used media to know about the Coronavirus disease were electronic media and relative/family/friend/neighbors. Change of demography created a spectacular difference in public awareness level and hygiene practice. Female, illiterate, poor, and age above 60 were comparatively less aware of seven essential facts about the disease. There was no mentionable difference in personal hygienic practices due to sex. But particpants who were aged 51-60 years, graduates or postgraduates, unmarried, government or non-government employees and middle class exhibitedthe best hygiene practice over other features. Invariably, the education level of rural people had a positive effect on awareness and preventive measures. Conclusions: Overall, the government and policymakers must identify vulnerable groups whose awareness and hygienic practices are not at the optimum level. Afterward, the government and related organizations should take necessary measures immediately to protect these groups from COVID-19 threats until the complete immunization.
The Impact of Microsoft Mathematics Visualization on Students Academic Skills

The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is a relationship between academic skills and Microsoft Mathematics Visualization as a result of the use of Microsoft Mathematics Visualization in the classroom. Specifically, when it comes to academic skills, Microsoft Mathematics Visualization is considered an independent variable, and academic skills are considered a dependent variable that has been influenced by the negative or positive characteristics of various instructional methodologies. The quantitative research approach has been used in the development of this document. Approximately 300 responses were collected during data collection, and, following correction, the sample size was decreased to 268 responses, which were mined in SPSS to generate the results. In the findings of the model summary, it is shown that the selected model has a very good above-average value of adjusted R2, suggesting a good fit, in accordance with the results of model summary. Microsoft Mathematics Visualization is regarded to be a predictor for academic skills since its coefficient of 0.794 on conversion explains up to 79.4 percent of the variance of the model when converted. We have “B” = “0.892” as the value of the predictor’s beta in our first regression. For example, a one-unit change in Microsoft Mathematics Visualization will result in an 89.2 percent change in academics skills, which may be interpreted as follows: Aside from that, the correlation coefficient between Microsoft Mathematics Visualization and student caliber (r = 0.840) indicates a positive relationship between student caliber and Microsoft Mathematics Visualization. 0.963 indicates that formal schooling has been significantly influenced by Microsoft Mathematics Visualization training, which might be further elaborated as that formal education has been boosted by Microsoft visualization training, according to the results of the test.
A Novel NOX Inhibitor Treatment Attenuates Parkinson’s Disease-Related Pathology in Mouse Models

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative motor disorder without an available therapeutic to halt the formation of Lewy bodies for preventing dopaminergic neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal pathway. Since oxidative-stress-mediated damage has been commonly reported as one of the main pathological mechanisms in PD, we assessed the efficacy of a novel NOX inhibitor from AptaBio Therapeutics (C-6) in dopaminergic cells and PD mouse models. The compound reduced the cytotoxicity and enhanced the cell viability at various concentrations against MPP+ and α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs). Further, the levels of ROS and protein aggregation were significantly reduced at the optimal concentration (1 µM). Using two different mouse models, we gavaged C-6 at two different doses to the PD sign-displaying transgenic mice for 2 weeks and stereotaxically PFF-injected mice for 5 weeks. Our results demonstrated that both C-6-treated mouse models showed alleviated motor deficits in pole test, hindlimb clasping, crossbeam, rotarod, grooming, and nesting analyses. We also confirmed that the compound treatment reduced the levels of protein aggregation, along with phosphorylated-α-synuclein, in the striatum and ventral midbrain and further dopaminergic neuronal loss. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that NOX inhibition can be a potential therapeutic target for PD.
In the garden: capacities that contribute to community groups establishing community gardens

ABSTRACT Based on case studies in Dublin, Ireland, this paper examines the motives for individuals to establish community gardens therein. The paper also outlines the capacities required for community groups to successfully establish and sustain community gardens in Ireland. These capacities include the involvement of individuals with a range of expertise, the presence of supportive community groups/organisations and state agencies, and access to resources, including land. The research findings, detailed in this paper, indicate that community gardens in urban settings encounter a number of challenges, including the absence of a mechanism for community groups to access land. The article provides a framework for community groups and community organisations to develop community gardens.
The Effect of an Educational Intervention on Self-Care in Patients with Venous Leg Ulcers—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Although patients with venous leg ulcers are involved in ulcer management, little is known about why and how these patients self-treat their ulcers without direct supervision by health professionals. Yet patients’ knowledge of ulcer management can be important for achieving ulcer closure and/or preventing recurrence. This study thus investigates the effects of an educational intervention on knowledge of self-care among patients with venous leg ulcers, mainly on wound dressing practice, compression therapy, physical activity and nutrition. Methods and participants: This research was conducted in three outpatient hospitals in central Croatia. An educational brochure was made and distributed to patients; patients were surveyed about caring for venous leg ulcers before the brochure was distributed and after 3 months. Results: In total, 208 patients were involved in the study: 112 in the experimental group and 96 in the control group. The educational intervention increased awareness of compression therapy, knowledge of recurrence prevention, appropriate lifestyle habits, and warning signs related to venous leg ulcers. Conclusions: Patient education on illness and self-care is necessary to achieve positive effects in self-care knowledge. In this study, patients learned how to change dressings, learned how to improve their lifestyle, and were empowered to deal with their illness.
Improving Tirapazamine (TPZ) to Target and Eradicate Hypoxia Tumors by Gold Nanoparticle Carriers

Tumor hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors and emerged as the therapeutic target for cancer treatments, such as a prodrug Tirapazamine (TPZ) activated in hypoxia. To increase tumor accumulation, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were selected to conjugate with TPZ. In this study, we successfully formulated and assessed the biochemical and therapeutic roles of the conjugated gold nanoparticles–Tirapazamine (GNPs–TPZ) on therapeutic assessments of MKN45-induced xenograft animal model. The results indicated that GNPs–TPZ was a potential nanomedicine for selectively targeting hypoxia tumors coupled with decreased side effects on healthy tissue or organs. TPZ significantly reduced cell viability of hypoxic gastric cancer MKN45 cells, but not in cells incubated in normoxia condition. For improving tumor targeting efficiency, furthermore, the GNPs drug carrier was conjugated to TPZ via biding mediator bovine serum albumin (BSA), and we demonstrated that this conjugated GNPs–TPZ retained the unique characteristics of hypoxic toxin and possessed the adequate feature of systemic bio-distributions in animals. GNPs–TPZ nanoparticles revealed their superior affinity to hypoxia tumors in the MKN45 xenograft. Moreover, GNPs–TPZ treatments did not significantly alter the biochemical parameters of blood samples acquired from animals. Taken together, TPZ, a prodrug activated by hypoxia, was conjugated with GNPs, whereas BSA severed as an excellent binding agent for preparing the conjugated GNPs–TPZ nanomedicines. We demonstrated that GNPs–TPZ enhanced tumor targeting, resulting in higher therapeutic efficacy compared to TPZ. We suggest that it may sever as an adjuvant treatment or combined therapy with other chemotherapeutics for the treatment of cancer patients in the future.
Sarcopenia Predicts Major Complications after Resection for Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Compensated Cirrhosis

Simple Summary Sarcopenia, which is defined as a loss of skeletal muscle mass, function and strength, is the result of major metabolic changes often observed in advanced liver disease. Its evaluation mirrors the nutritional and functional status of the patients, and thus has been recently implicated as an outcome predictor of patients with liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study provides evidence that sarcopenia, as assessed by the skeletal muscle index, is associated with age and body mass index in liver surgery candidates. More importantly, it is associated with higher rates of major complications (Clavien-Dindo grade III or IV) in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease and/or portal hypertension undergoing liver resection for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Abstract The burden of post-operative complications of patients undergoing liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cause of morbidity and mortality. Recently, sarcopenia has been reported to influence the outcome of patients with cirrhosis. We aimed to assess factors associated with sarcopenia and its prognostic role in liver surgery candidates. We included all patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) undergoing liver resection for primary HCC consecutively referred to the University of Bologna from 2014 to 2019 with an available preoperative abdominal CT-scan performed within the previous three months. A total of 159 patients were included. The median age was 68 years, and 80.5% of the patients were male. Sarcopenia was present in 82 patients (51.6%). Age and body mass index (BMI) were associated with the presence of sarcopenia at multivariate analysis. Thirteen (8.2%) patients developed major complications and 14 (8.9%) presented PHLF grade B-C. The model for end-stage liver disease score was associated with the development of major complications, whereas cACLD presence, thrombocytopenia, portal hypertension (PH), Child-Pugh score and Albumin-Bilirubin score were found to be predictors of clinically significative PHLF. The rate of major complications was 11.8% in sarcopenic patients with cACLD compared with no complications (0%) in patients without sarcopenia and cACLD (p = 0.032). The rate of major complications was significantly higher in patients with (16.3%) vs. patients without (0%) sarcopenia (p = 0.012) in patients with PH. In conclusion, sarcopenia, which is associated with age and BMI, may improve the risk stratification of post-hepatectomy major complications in patients with cACLD and PH.
Pulmonary Enteric Adenocarcinoma Lung-Case Series and Approach to Diagnosis

Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a rare variant of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, recognized first in the year 1991. The subtype was included in the WHO in the year 2015. Because of the rarity and uncanny resemblance of this subtype with colorectal adenocarcinoma; it is generally misdiagnosed as a case of metastasis from the colorectal tract. At present there are only a limited number of cases reported as primary PEAC and the results are often inconsistent. Hence, prompt documentation and publication of such rare cases will help in creating awareness and avoiding detrimental misdiagnoses and subsequent mistreatment. Through this paper our intent is to provide a detailed diagnostic work up in cases of PEAC by application of relevant IHC such as CDX-2, SATB2, Calretinin, TTF-1, Napsin A, CK 7 and CK 20, so that they can be identified from their morphological mimickers.
Economic Policy Uncertainty and the Cross-Section of Corporate Bond Returns

This article finds that economic policy uncertainty (EPU) is a systematic risk factor priced in the cross-section of corporate bonds. Bonds with high EPU beta have low expected returns, and this negative premium is robust to controlling for conventional risk factors, bond characteristics, and macroeconomic conditions and uncertainty. The effect of policy risk is pervasive, stronger for speculative-grade bonds, and priced in both US and foreign markets. The EPU risk effect is greater for firms that have higher earnings exposure to policy uncertainty, dependence on external financing, and effective tax rates; those with lower pre-tax interest coverage; and those that operate in regulation-intensive industries.
Mathematical Modeling of the Solid-liquid Extraction of Phenolic-rich Compounds from Pinus contorta Bark

There is an ongoing effort to replace traditional wood adhesives with tree bark-derived resins that use an underutilized biomass residue (tree bark) to reduce the consumption of petroleum-derived chemicals for economic and environmental benefits. A key step in bark-to-resin conversion involves the reactive solid-liquid extraction of phenolic-rich compounds from bark by a caustic solvent. Despite significant work concerning bark conversion, efforts to understand this process were mostly empirical investigations. Therefore, this thesis focuses on developing mechanistic models for the solid-liquid caustic extraction and comparing theoretical predictions with experimental data. Among five types of kinetic behaviour models, it was found that the extended Fick’s law most accurately described the process. Isotherms were proposed to model equilibrium, which was found to have the best fit with the BET isotherm. This thesis work provided valuable insights into the extraction process mechanism that will help with future improvement in equipment design and scaling-up studies.
PROTOCOL: Systematic review of methods to reduce risk of bias in knowledge translation interventional studies in health‐related issues

Abstract Background Review studies have reported on the low quality of study methodologies and poor reporting of knowledge translation (KT) interventional studies. This flaw cause the result of such studies to become misleading. Objectives The present review is designed to evaluate the effect of methodological factors on the results of interventional studies that aimed to evaluate KT strategies at the policy level. Search Methods Bibliographic databases and grey literature databases will be searched. The retrieved studies will be recorded in Covidence. After screening titles and abstracts, the full texts of selected studies will be assessed against the inclusion criteria. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion or by consultation with a third author. Selection Criteria Primary studies are studies that aimed to estimate the efficacy of KT strategies to improve evidence‐informed policymaking. Study participants include policymakers and the intervention is a KT strategy. The main outcome is the desired changes in policy‐makers towards evidence‐informed decision‐making. Data Collection and Analysis The main effect sizes will be expressed as standard mean difference and its variance for the main efficacy outcome of KT strategies in primary studies. Forest plot meta‐analysis will be used to synthesize the effect of each group of KT strategies. The contribution of ROB to the efficacy of KT interventions will be assessed via Meta‐epidemiology analysis. The overall estimate will be calculated using inverse‐variance random‐effects meta‐analysis with a 95% confidence interval for the estimate.
EFFECTIVENESS OF HEUTAGOGY INTEGRATED E-CONTENT MODULES ON UNDESTANDING OSMOSIS AMONG SCIENCE STUDENTS IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN SRI LANKA

The learning teaching process has undergone a paradigm shift in recent years. It has shifted from teacher centred to student centred. Hence, the challenge of a teacher has become as to how to cater to the needs of all types of learners in the classroom when their learning styles vary according to their individual needs. Heutagogy is a technique of self-determined learning with practices and principles rooted from andragogy that could be responsible for the developments in higher education. This technique coupled with e-content is an innovative strategy that provides multi-sensory experience to the learners. The learners can visualize the entire content and attain mastery over the topics. In the present study, the e-content on osmosis was developed and given to the tertiary learners for learning. Pre-test and post-test were administered to the samples to ascertain the effectiveness of heutagogy integration into e-content. The results of the study revealed that e-content with heutagogical approach for learners of higher education were effective.
P2X7 Receptor and Heart Function in a Mouse Model of Systemic Inflammation Due to High Fat Diet

Purpose Low-grade inflammation contributes to heart failure in obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a key regulator of several pro-inflammatory responses in multiple tissues and organs; however, its involvement in the onset of heart dysfunction remains unclear. The study evaluated the role of P2X7R as a cardiac function regulator in C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and P2X7R knockout (KO) mice by inducing systemic inflammation with high fat diet (HFD). Methods Specific parameters of systolic and diastolic function and heart morphology were measured in vivo before animal sacrifice by high-frequency ultrasonographic analysis. Gene and protein expression of cardiac biomarkers associated with inflammatory-oxidative pathways were evaluated by real-time PCR and Western Blotting. Results P2X7R-mediated up-regulation of the NLRP3-caspase-1 complex, increased expression of key oxidative stress (NOS-2, TNFα), and chemotactic (MCP-1) mediators were revealed in WT-HFD animals. In KO-HFD mice, such inflammatory-oxidative pathway was silent. Nevertheless, HFD induced in vivo a clear alteration of diastolic pattern (E/A: p < 0.03 vs WT-HFD) and a cardiac morphologic remodelling (left ventricular mass: p < 0.05 vs WT-HFD) only in P2X7R KO animals. Surprisingly, the transcriptional and protein expression of IL-1β and IL-6, usually regulated through P2X7R activation, were significantly higher in KO-HFD than in WT-HFD mice (both p < 0.05). Furthermore, an up-regulation of miR-214 and a down-regulation of miR-126 in heart of HFD-KO mice were observed, suggesting a link between such epigenetic dysregulation and cytokine overexpression as a potential pathophysiologic mechanism concurring to the progressive cardiac dysfunction. Conclusion These findings seem to suggest a cardioprotective role of P2X7R toward this tissue-specific inflammatory damage, likely through tissue homeostasis and organ functionality preservation.
Religiosity, Smoking and Other Risky Behaviors

While under communism the identity-providing religion was suppressed, religiosity is strong today even among the youth in post-communist countries. This provides an appropriate background to investigate how external and internal religiosity relate to risky behaviors like smoking, drinking, and drugs among the young. This study shows that not religion as such or internal religiosity, but largely observable (external) religiosity prevents them from wallowing in those vices. While this is found strongly for both males and females, those females doubting or reflecting religion show a somewhat smaller risky activity.
The Key Role of Emotional Repair and Emotional Clarity on Depression among Breast Cancer Survivors

Breast cancer is the malignancy with the highest incidence in women worldwide. The empirical evidence is inconsistent with the prevalence of depression among breast cancer survivors (BCS), pointing to emotional competencies as protective factors against affective disorders. However, the mechanisms through which these competencies favor a more adaptive emotional state are unknown. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between the experience of having survived the disease and depression levels in a group of BCS, and the mediating role of Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI) in this relation. This was a cross-sectional study with 237 women divided into two groups: 56 BCS and 181 healthy controls who completed the Trait Meta-Mood Scale 24 (TMMS-24) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results showed that Survivorship and PEI explained and predicted 37.8% of the variance of depression, corresponding the 11.7% to the direct and/or the indirect effect of the PEI dimensions (Emotional Attention, Emotional Clarity, and Emotional Repair). In conclusion, interventions aimed at promoting an adequate PEI in this population—and in the Psycho-oncology field, in general—with a particular focus on the development of Emotional Clarity and Repair need to be implemented. Limitations and future research lines are discussed.
On the Expressive Power of the Normal Form for Branching-Time Temporal Logics

With the emerging applications that involve complex distributed systems branching-time specifications are specifically important as they reflect dynamic and non-deterministic nature of such applications. We describe the expressive power of a simple yet powerful branching-time specification framework -- branching-time normal form (BNF), which has been developed as part of clausal resolution for branching-time temporal logics. We show the encoding of Buchi Tree Automata in the language of the normal form, thus representing, syntactically, tree automata in a high-level way. Thus we can treat BNF as a normal form for the latter. These results enable us (1) to translate given problem specifications into the normal form and apply as a verification method a deductive reasoning technique -- the clausal temporal resolution; (2) to apply one of the core components of the resolution method -- the loop searching to extract, syntactically, hidden invariants in a wide range of complex temporal specifications.