Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Motivation for the Successful Implementation of Waste Management Policy: An Examination Using an Adapted Institutional Analysis and Development Framework in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam

Increasing waste production is a serious problem for every country with substantial waste management initiatives. This challenge can be addressed by establishing waste reduction as a strategic policy. To this end, a project prioritizing community-based composting was implemented in Vietnam’s Thua Thien Hue province. The project mandated that the actors involved (i.e., local authorities, assistance groups, and residents) separate out organic waste for composting. To understand more fully how this policy could be implemented more successfully, first, the present study examined the links between local authorities’ support, groups providing assistance to residents during initiatives, and the project’s outcomes. Second, the research focused on the autonomous motivations influencing this project. These two points made our study novel. A case study design was applied based on self-determination theory and an adapted institutional analysis and development framework. Content analyses of qualitative and secondary data were conducted to examine the framework’s relevant components. Focusing on the psychological states approach, results showed that autonomous motivation was the main driver of waste separation and was activated by the local authorities’ autonomy support, deployed via an assistance group consisting of a waste collector and village leader, as well as other community attributes. These factors therefore affected the project’s outcomes. The research demonstrates the need to advocate local authorities’ autonomy support and residents’ autonomous motivation for waste separation.
Jumps in energy and non‐energy commodities

Jumps in the price process of assets represent a sort of tail risk and are found to affect many aspects of asset pricing, volatility modelling, and asset allocation. In this paper, we detect price jumps in the realized volatility series of a wide set of commodity futures and find evidence of a jumpy behaviour, especially in energy and agricultural commodities. We examine whether the realized volatilities of commodity futures jump together and find evidence that co-jumping is significant and generally clustered within the commodity groups, suggesting some sort of segmentation regarding the tail risk behaviour across energy, agricultural, and metals commodities. Additional analysis shows that price jumps and macroeconomic news surprises tend to occur together in specific commodities such as crude oil, which confirms earlier findings about the sensitivity of crude oil to news about the economy.
Validation of the n-alkane technique to estimate intake, digestibility, and diet composition in sheep consuming mixed grain:roughage diets

The usefulness of the n-alkane technique to estimate intake, digestibility, and diet composition in sheep fed mixed diets was tested in an experiment with 16 ewes consuming 4 different proportions of barley grain and straw ranging from 15:85 to 60:40. Two cases were considered: (1) straw as one component or (2) straw separated into leaves and stems. The relationship between estimated (Y) and observed (X) proportion of grain in the diet was highly significant (1: Y = 0.2355 + 0.9945X, r 2 = 0.9999; 2: Y = -2.472 + 1.0063X, r 2 = 0.9999). Actual intake was overestimated in (1) by 3.43-12.40%, the largest discrepancies corresponding to the lowest proportions of grain. In (2) actual intake was either overestimated (2.69%) or underestimated (5.38-6.85%), without a clear effect of the diet. A similar pattern was observed for digestibility, which was overestimated in (1) by 1.65-9.59%, and overestimated (by 2.07%) or underestimated (by 3.80-4.62%) in (2). Due to the small discrepancies between observed and estimated values, it may be concluded that the n-alkane technique might be a valid method for estimating intake, digestibility, and diet composition in sheep consuming mixed diets, for the two latter provided that faecal recovery of individual n-alkanes is calculated with enough accuracy. AR02 The nechn s i O. L. Va et al
The Role of Entrepreneur Characteristic and Financial Literacy in Developing Business Success

One important contribution of Small-and-Medium Enterprises (or SMEs) to the economic development is the absorption of workers. Absorbing more workers and reducing unemployment are achievable only if SMEs have been success in managing the sustainability of their business. The success of SMEs’ business is determined by few variables, which are to be examined in this research. Therefore, research is aimed to conduct empirical test over the effect of entrepreneur characteristic and financial literacy on business performance. Type of data is primary, which is acquired through distribution of questionnaire to respondents. Research sample includes Small-and-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Tarakan City. Analysis technique is Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Result of research showed that personal characteristic, psychological characteristic, entrepreneur competency, and financial literacy are determinants to SMEs’ performance. Theoretical implication of this research is that research findings are supporting upper echelon theory and RBV theory when both theories explain factors that determine performance.
Immunity, life history and conservation in the Galapagos sea lion

Infectious disease threatens health and biodiversity across the globe, and disease emergence may become more common as humans further encroach on habitats and modify environments. To assess the risks of disease emergence in natural populations accurately, we require an understanding of the workings of immunity in the wild. This thesis is about immunity in the context of life history in the endangered Galapagos sea lion, and aims to contribute to understanding of immune dynamics in wild populations, and to evidence-based conservation management. The introduction reviews the development of the discipline of ecological immunology, and discusses the application of its methodological tools to little-known species such as the Galapagos sea lion. The first data chapter uses these tools to describe the ontogeny of Galapagos sea lion immunity in two contrasting ecological contexts. The second data chapter contextualises the immune variation described in the first by assessing the relationship between immune activity and condition. The third data chapter introduces a genetic dimension through the analysis of inbreeding estimates with immune measures. The fourth and final data chapter uses epidemiological models to assess the risk of Galapagos sea lion exposure to canine distemper virus under different management and environmental scenarios. The discussion brings together the results of the data chapters and evaluates emergent themes and limitations in the context of suggestions for future work. The results show that the study of immune variation in species such as the Galapagos sea lion can provide useful insight into the dynamics of immunity in the wild, and information that can have practical application to conservation. They also lay a foundation for integrated epidemiological analyses of disease risk that incorporate physiological and immunological variation, and that have potential for constructive development beyond the Galapagos sea lion.
Heterogeneity and state dependence in firms’ access to credit: Microevidence from the euro area

Using detailed firm-level longitudinal data, this paper analyses the main factors affecting firms’ access to bank credit in eleven euro area countries over the period 2014-2018. We focus on firms’ loan demand behaviour and on banks’ actual credit granting decision, using alternative measures of financing constraints and controlling for endogenous sample selection and individual heterogeneity. Furthermore, we explicitly analyse the dynamics of firms’ access to credit and account for state dependence in loan demand and credit rationing probabilities. Empirical results show that small and informationally opaque businesses, with deteriorated public support and credit history, experience greater difficulties in accessing to bank loans. Moreover, we provide evidence of significant state dependence in access to credit over time. In particular, firms having already experienced credit restrictions in the past are more likely to face further financing constraints, while enterprises that repeatedly recur to external financing seem to have an easier access to credit. Finally, focusing on the subset of firms that actually need bank financing, we find that previous credit restrictions significantly reduce current demand probability, thus providing evidence of a significant credit discouragement effect.
The Relationship Among Sleep Quality, the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale, Abstinence Self-efficacy, and Quality of Life with Alcohol Use Disorder in South Korea

Many patients with alcohol use disorder experienced insomnia or sleep disturbances. However, their sleep problems rarely addressed in the treatment process. It may prove beneficial if treatment programs should intend to help prevent the recurrence of alcohol use disorder by solving patients’ sleep-induced problems and accordingly include appropriate sleep interventions. The present study employed a descriptive design and conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the relationship among sleep quality, score on the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), abstinence self-efficacy, and quality of life in inpatients with alcohol use disorders. Data were collected from June to August 2018, from 117 patients admitted to the psychiatric ward for alcohol-use patients in two mental hospitals in South Korea. Sleep quality was significantly correlated with the SOCRATES score (r = .247, p = .007) and quality of life (r = -.346, p = .001). However, it showed no relationship with abstinence self-efficacy (r = -.066, p = .477). These findings suggest that abstinence programs need to employ a comprehensive approach instead of primarily focusing on maintaining abstinence and cessation of alcohol use. However, both sleep disturbances and alcohol abstinence require patience and prolonged treatment. Thus, it is a challenge to design concrete interventions to address the sleep problems experienced by patients with alcohol use disorder.
ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA DIÁRIA PARA MOSSORÓ (RN, BRASIL)

Para aplicacoes de gestao da agua, a estimacao da evapotranspiracao e um termo critico no balanco hidrico, para estabelecimento de um desenvolvimento sustentavel das atividades que demandam tal recurso. Desta forma se faz necessario estimar com maior precisao a evapotranspiracao de referencia (ETo). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho dos valores de ETo diarios obtidos por 12 metodos empiricos comparando-os com o metodo de Penman-Monteith FAO. Os dados meteorologicos utilizados para os modelos empiricos foram medidos em estacao meteorologica automatica do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, instalada na estacao experimental Rafael Fernandes, da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido, Mossoro, RN. Mesmo com alguns metodos apresentando divergencias em relacao ao metodo padrao nos meses de maior demanda hidrica com erro absoluto da ordem 0,99 a 1,67, pode-se inferir que os metodos mais indicados com base no indice de desempenho superior a 0,76, foram: Benevides e Lopez (1970), Linacre (1983), Bruin (1979), Jensen e Hayse (1963) e Priestley e Taylor (1972), nesta ordem, podendo assim representar de forma satisfatoria a ETo. Os metodos que necessitam de um numero menor de elementos climaticos, tais como, Benevides-Lopez (c = 0,85) e Linacre (c = 0,79) apresentaram melhor desempenho do que os mais complexos, para estimativa da ETo em periodos diarios, em qualquer epoca do ano.
High Level Design of a Flexible PCA Hardware Accelerator Using a New Block-Streaming Method

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a technique for dimensionality reduction that is useful in removing redundant information in data for various applications such as Microwave Imaging (MI) and Hyperspectral Imaging (HI). The computational complexity of PCA has made the hardware acceleration of PCA an active research topic in recent years. Although the hardware design flow can be optimized using High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools, efficient high-performance solutions for complex embedded systems still require careful design. In this paper we propose a flexible PCA hardware accelerator in Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) that we designed entirely in HLS. In order to make the internal PCA computations more efficient, a new block-streaming method is also introduced. Several HLS optimization strategies are adopted to create an efficient hardware. The flexibility of our design allows us to use it for different FPGA targets, with flexible input data dimensions, and it also lets us easily switch from a more accurate floating-point implementation to a higher speed fixed-point solution. The results show the efficiency of our design compared to state-of-the-art implementations on GPUs, many-core CPUs, and other FPGA approaches in terms of resource usage, execution time and power consumption.
Specific Climate Classification for Mediterranean Hydrology and Future Evolution Under Med-CORDEX RCM Scenarios

Abstract. The Mediterranean is one of the most sensitive regions to anthropogenic and climatic changes mostly affecting its water resources and related practices. With multiple studies raising serious concerns of climate shifts and aridity expansion in the region, this one aims to establish a new high resolution classification for hydrology purposes based on Mediterranean specific climate indices. This classification is useful in following up hydrological (water resources management, floods, droughts, etc.), and ecohydrological applications such as Mediterranean agriculture like olive cultivation and other environmental practices. The proposed approach includes the use of classic climatic indices and the definition of new climatic indices mainly precipitation seasonality index Is or evapotranspiration threshold SPET both in line with river flow regimes, a Principal Component Analysis to reduce the number of indices, K-Means classification to distribute them into classes and finally the construction of a decision tree based on the distances to classes kernels to reproduce the classification without having to repeat the whole process. The classification was set and validated by WorldClim-2 at 1-km high resolution gridded data for the 1970–2000 baseline period and 144 stations data over 30 to 120 years, both at monthly time steps. Climatic classes coincided with a geographical distribution in the Mediterranean ranging from the most seasonal and dry class 1 in the south to the least seasonal and most humid class 5 in the North, showing up the climatic continuity from one place to another and enhancing the visibility of change trends. The MED-CORDEX ALADIN and CCLM historical and projected data at 12-km and 50-km resolution simulated under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios for the 2070–2100 period served to assess the climate change impact on this classification by superimposing the projected changes on the baseline grid based classification. RCP scenarios are increasing seasonality index Is by +80 % and aridity index IArid by +60 % in the North and IArid by +10 % without Is change in the South, hence causing the wet seasons shortening and river regimes modification with the migration North of winter moderate and extreme winter regimes instead of early spring regimes. ALADIN and CCLM RCM models have demonstrated an evolution of the Mediterranean region towards arid climate. The classes located to the north are slowly evolving towards moderate coastal classes which might affect hydrologic regimes due to shorter humid seasons and earlier snowmelts. These scenarios might look favourable for Mediterranean cultivation however, the expected impact on water resources and flow regimes will sure expand and directly hit ecosystems, food, health and tourism as risk is interconnected between domains. This kind of classification might be reproduced at the global scale, using same or other climatic indices specific for each region highlighting their physiographic characteristics and hydrological response.
Multi-Criteria Optimisation of an Experimental Complex of Single-Family Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings

The Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings has introduced the standard of “nearly zero-energy buildings” (NZEBs). European requirements place the obligation to reduce energy consumption on all European Union Member States, particularly in sectors with significant energy consumption indicators. Construction is one such sector, as it is responsible for around 40% of overall energy consumption. Apart from a building’s mass and its material and installation solutions, its energy consumption is also affected by its placement relative to other buildings. A proper urban layout can also lead to a reduction in project development and occupancy costs. The goal of this article is to present a method of optimising single-family house complexes that takes elements such as direct construction costs, construction site organisation, urban layout and occupancy costs into consideration in the context of sustainability. Its authors have analysed different proposals of the placement of 40 NZEBs relative to each other and have carried out a multi-criteria analysis of the complex, determining optimal solutions that are compliant with the precepts of sustainability. The results indicated that the layout composed of semi-detached houses scored the highest among the proposed layouts under the parameter weights set by the developer. This layout also scored the highest when parameter weights were uniformly distributed during a test simulation.
Seasonal Changes of the Proportions of Mated Females in the Field Population of the Rice Leaf Roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis GUENEE (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae)

the rice leaf rerler, Cnaphalecroeis medinalis Guenee, collected from fields and by light trap in 1977 and 1978, It became crear that the proportions of the mated females fluctuated extremely by season. Most of the females collected in the paddy fields mated from ,June to early September. Thereafter, the proportions of mated females declined greatly up to mid-October, when almost all female moths contained immature ovaries and abundant fat body in their abdornens. From late October threugh the rest of the season the mated females, rnost of which leoked lean, increased considerably in number. Some difi'erence of the reproductive conditions was also neted among the three kinds of sarnples : female moths collected in the paddy fields, in the grassy fields and those captured by Iight trap. Some possible causes for the disappearance of the mated females in autumn are discussed.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS, POTASH AND RHIZOBIUM ON POD YIELD, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND RESIDUAL AVAILABLE SOIL NPK OF VEGETABLE COWPEA

Field experiments were conducted during 2001 and 2002 at research farm of CARI, Port Blair using Arka Garima variety of vegetable cowpea to study the pood yield, nutrient uptake and residual available soil NPK by various levels of phosphorus potash and Rhizobium inoculation with andwithout nitrogen. The results revealed that maximum average yield of green pods was obtained with the application of 80 kg, P, 120 kg K, 20 kg N/na + Rhizobium inoculation. The length of root, uptake of phosphorus, available phosphorus, and potash in soil was recorded maximum with the application of 120 kg P, 120 kg K and 20 kg N + Rhizobium inoculation.
Keeping connected while living apart: an exploration of a prison contact maintenance program

Abstract With the increase in incarceration rates, researchers have turned their attention to the broader social implications of removing family members from home and putting them behind bars. This causes a major disruption, particularly when considering the impact this has on the family when the mother is the one in prison. In order to alleviate these harms, contact maintenance programs, which are designed to provide enhanced contact between parents and children during periods of incarceration, are instituted to help maintain these relationships. The purpose of this project is to explore incarcerated women’s perspectives of one of these programs, the Connecting with Kids Program (CKP), at a Midwestern correctional facility (MCF). Thirty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with participants in the program, and themes surrounding the unique services provided emerged, such as enhanced visitation programs and technologically enhanced communication and the privacy and family environment fostered by these programs. These findings have important implications for future policies regarding gender specific prison programing, contact maintenance programs, and incarcerated people’s welfare and societal reintegration.
Studies on the preparation of antioxidant rich ber (Zizyphusmauritiana Lamk.) powder burfi with coconut sugar as natural sweetener

© Abstract: Efforts were made to formulate an antioxidant rich, low sugarburfi. The burfi was enriched with different levels of ber fruit powder (5%, 10% and 15% w/w) and coconut sugar (28% w/w). Sensory scores revealed that burfi with 10% ber powder had highest overall acceptability. The optimizedber powderburfi was compared with market samples and control burfi and the physicochemical property, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content varied significantly(P<0.05). Addition of ber powder significantly(P<0.05) increased iron content, vitamin C content, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of optimized burfi followed by the effect of coconut sugar incorporation. The addition of coconut sugar showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in total sugar content. From the study, it was concluded that the incorporation of berpowder and coconut sugar was a great success and will be helpful for developingother value added dairy
Tyrosine phosphorylation‐dependent activation of NF‐κB

Phosphorylation of the N-terminal domain of IκB inhibitory subunits induces activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Although serine phosphorylation has been shown to induce ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of IκB-α, little is known about the mechanisms that lead to release of active NF-κB in T cells as a consequence of tyrosine phosphorylation of IκB-α[Imbert, V. , Rupec, R.A. , Livolsi, A. , Pahl, H.L. , Traenckner, B.M. , Mueller-Dieckmann, C. , Farahifar, D. , Rossi, B. , Auberger, P., Baeuerle, P. & Peyron, J.F. (1996) Cell86, 787–798]. The involvement of the tyrosine kinases p56lck and ZAP-70 in this reaction is demonstrated here using specific pharmacological inhibitors and Jurkat mutants unable to express these kinases. Although the inhibitors prevented both pervanadate-induced phosphorylation of IκB-α on Tyr42 and NF-κB activation, we observed that, in p56lck-deficient Jurkat mutants, NF-κB could still associate with IκB-α despite phosphorylation on Tyr42. Furthermore, the SH2 domain of p56lck appeared to be required for pervanadate-induced NF-κB activation but not for Tyr42 phosphorylation. These results show that p56lck and ZAP-70 are key components of the signaling pathway that leads to phosphotyrosine-dependent NF-κB activation in T cells and confirm that tyrosine kinases must control at least two different steps to induce activation of NF-κB. Finally, we show that H2O2, which stimulates p56lck and ZAP-70 in T cells, is an activator of NF-κB through tyrosine phosphorylation of IκB-α.