Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clay fraction properties and grassland management imprint on soil organic matter composition and stability at molecular level

The dynamics of soil carbon in grassland are partly determined by soil organic matter (SOM) composition. However, it remains unclear which role grassland management plays in the interplay between SOM composition and carbon dynamics. Using pyrolysis‐field ionization mass spectrometry (Py‐FIMS), we studied the effect of meadow, mown pasture and pasture on the molecular SOM composition in German topsoils. In sandy soils of the Schorfheide‐Chorin region, SOM composition and stability were strongly affected by clay contents and concentrations of crystalline Fe‐oxides. Here, the grassland management type influenced lipid proportions, which accounted for a maximum of 11.1% of the total ion intensity (TII) under mown pasture. In the Hainich‐Dün region, SOM composition was mainly related to the SOM decomposition stage (abundance of potentially recalcitrant compounds) but not to minerals. Compound classes of carbohydrates (4.3% TII), phenols and lignin monomers (8.5% TII), N‐containing compounds (2.2% TII) and peptides (4.6% TII) were highest under meadow, while compound classes of lignin dimers (3.4% TII) and lipids (8.1% TII) were highest under pasture. In the Schwäbische Alb region, the proportion of free fatty acids (1.6 to 2.3% TII) was positively related to the C/N ratio (r = 0.86); SOM stability was positively affected by poorly crystalline Fe‐oxide content (r = 0.85). The results suggest that grassland management is affecting SOM composition and stability and thus influence SOM dynamics in grasslands. However, the proportion and composition (Fe‐oxide content) of the soil clay fraction overrode grassland management effects if soil clay/OC ratios were <10.
Numerical Analysis of the Risk of Neck Injuries Caused By IED Explosion under the Vehicle in Military Environments

Abstract As a result of an explosion under a military vehicle, the risk of threat to life and health of the crew increases. Examination of this event in terms of the security of soldiers comes down to a complex analysis of the mutual interaction of the body of a soldier, seating and structural elements of the vehicle. As a result, shock wave impacts can cause tremor resulting from the construction of the vehicle and acceleration of the passenger's body. This study attempts to analyze the impact of an explosion of an improvised explosive device (IED) under the military vehicle with the risk of cervical spine injuries of soldiers. The analysis was carried out using numerical methods in the LS-DYNA program and was carried out taking into account the variable displacement values and acceleration recorded during the\ explosion. The study used a model of the body of a soldier in the form of a Hybrid III 50th Male Dummy.
Change processes and team implementation : strategic and operational issues

This is a study of the organisational change to self-managed team working in UK-based manufacturing organisations. There are few models to guide research into the organisational change to team working and this study focuses on the under-researched area of the implementation process. Descriptions of team development models imply a smooth, linear change process. Yet this strategic change involves major restructuring at an operational level and in reality is a complex and political transition process that unfolds in unpredictable directions. This research proposes a processual framework to explore team development and to increase understanding of the ways in which this transition is shaped at critical junctures. This research was based on case study data collected over periods of up to five years in four brownfield, manufacturing organisations. This data provided detailed illustrations of the major challenges facing organisations in the transition to self-management. Specifically, the research findings indicated that the change to self-managed team working was an unfolding, non-linear process and that its success was shaped not only by the congruence between team design and production setting, but also by the congruence between new work structures and supporting organisational arrangements. Senior management commitment was pivotal to the success of the change process, as were clear definitions of operational roles and required actions and behaviours. Finally, the research indicated the importance of key players adopting appropriate change-driver roles and of paying attention to political tensions and perceived threats associated with changes to traditional role demarcations. This research increases understanding of the implementation and development of self managed work teams at an operational level and the results may be of considerable practical use for organisations in determining their strategies for organisational change and development.
The Effects of Extensive Journal Writing on the Vietnamese High-School Students’ Writing Accuracy and Fluency

Background: The innovation of an extensive journal writing approach has made a big difference in the field of teaching academic writing. Previous studies found mixed results relating to whether journal writing could help students enhance their writing accuracy. Purpose: The purpose of the current study is to investigate whether extensive journal writing (EJW) affects EFL high school students’ writing accuracy and fluency in the writing classroom.Method: Sixty students in one of the high schools located in Tra Vinh city participated in the study. The quasi-experimental study was conducted in ten weeks. The participants were divided into two groups, namely the control group and the experimental group. Students’ writing papers, including pre-tests and post-tests, were collected for data analysis. Inter-raters were employed for analytic rating scales and written errors analysis. Results: The results show that extensive journal writing had significant effects on the students’ writing performances compared to those of students in the control group. Additionally, the number of words written in the students’ post-test was increasing. Implication: The current study’s findings were innovative to the body of literature as the EJW could help students enhance their writing performances.
The evaluation of the role of technology in the pathways to comorbidity care implementation project to improve management of comorbid substance use and mental disorders

In substance use treatment settings, comorbid mental health problems can occur in up to 70% of people. An integrated approach for managing comorbidity, implementing evidence-based intervention in drug and alcohol settings, remains problematic. Technology can help in adopting evidence-based practice to implement effective treatment healthcare pathways. This study sought to examine aspects of tailored portal utilization (barriers and facilitators) by participants taking part in a program aimed at improving the implementation of evidence-based practice for comorbidity management Pathways to Comorbidity Care (PCC). Method A self-report questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were designed to measure clinician satisfaction with the PCC portal and e-resources throughout a 9-month intervention. An adapted version of the “Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread and, Sustainability” (NASSS) framework facilitated discussion of the findings. Results Twenty participants from drug and alcohol services responded to all measures. Facilitators included: (i). clinician acceptance of the portal; (ii). guidance from the clinical supervisor or champion to encourage e-resource use. Barriers included: (i). complexity of the illness (condition); (ii). participants’ preference (adopter system) for face-to-face resources and training modes; and, (iii). lack of face-to-face training on how to use the portal (technology and organization). Conclusion Based on the NASSS framework, we identified several barriers and facilitators of the use of the portal including the complexity of illness, lack of face-to-face training, and clinician preference for training mediums. Recommendations include ongoing organizational support, in-house clinical supervision, and consultation with clinical providers to assist in the development of tailored e-health resources and open training opportunities on how to operate and effectively utilize these resources.
Risk for Additional Infarction in Emergency Carotid Artery Endarterectomy in Thrombectomy Acute Stroke Patients

Purpose: Thromboembolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery with tandem occlusion of the internal carotid artery is a life-threatening condition with unfavorable neurological outcome. We perform emergency carotid endarterectomy in the same anesthesia session as thrombectomy in our angiography suite whenever needed despite the absence of electrophysiological neuromonitoring. Methods: We evaluated 47 thrombectomy patients with emergency CEA in our clinic between June 2013 and November 2020. To determine whether there were additional infarctions due to the surgical procedure, we assessed the initial diagnostic CT imaging for previously infarcted areas, cerebral perfusion, and vascular anatomy, including collateralization in the Circle of Willis (CoW). We then analyzed follow-up imaging with respect to new infarctions that could not be explained by the initial stroke. Results: 5 of 47 (11%) patients had a complete CoW. There was contralateral internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis or occlusion in 18/47 (38%) patients. Surgical procedure was eversion CEA in 34 (72%) and with a patch graft CEA in 13 (28%) cases. Shunts were used during surgery in 17/47 (36%) patients. Two patients suffered from an additional infarction in a new territory, however this was not caused by the surgical procedure but due to embolism during endovascular thrombectomy. In 1 of these 2 patients a hemodynamic border zone infarction was also observed, which could have developed during thrombectomy as well as during surgery, although this could not be attributed with absolute certainty to the surgery. The final infarction size was significantly larger in patients with contralateral ICA stenosis or occlusion (P = .038). Neither CoW anatomy nor the absence of a shunt during surgery could be identified as risk factors for additional infarction. Conclusion: Emergency surgery in the angiography suite without neuromonitoring was not associated with an increased additional stroke rate in our patient cohort.
Dietary Diversity Among Pregnant Women in Gurage Zone, South Central Ethiopia: Assessment Based on Longitudinal Repeated Measurement

Purpose Dietary diversity is a key proxy indicator of nutrient adequacy; however, limited studies have been done on it among pregnant women in Ethiopia. The study aimed to examine the prevalence of sub-optimal dietary diversity and its associated factors among pregnant women in Gurage zone, South Central Ethiopia. Materials and Methods A mixed-method approach, a longitudinal study complemented with an exploratory qualitative study, was conducted. In the longitudinal study, a consecutively included sample of 668 pregnant women was followed in three rounds of survey. Dietary diversity was assessed using the minimum dietary diversity score for women (MDD-W) tool. The average of three dietary diversity scores was used to define overall diversity. Consuming less than 5 of 10 standard food groups was considered as suboptimal dietary diversity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of suboptimal dietary diversity. Qualitative data were analysed using the thematic analysis method. Results During the 16 to 20, 28 to 29 and 36 to 37 weeks of gestation surveys, 75.0, 78.7 and 76.5% of the women had sub-optimal dietary diversity. In aggregate, 84.4% (95% CI: 81.6, 87.3) of the women had sub-optimal dietary diversity. Rural residents (AOR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.62), women with no formal education (AOR: 5.51, 95% CI: 1.96, 15.53) and from food insecure households (AOR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.07, 5.59) had higher odds of suboptimal dietary diversity. Women with higher nutritional knowledge (AOR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.98) were less likely to have suboptimal dietary diversity. Food taboos, poor nutritional literacy and pregnancy complications were also reported as factors affecting dietary diversity. Conclusion Majority of pregnant women in the area had sub-optimal dietary diversity. Improving the socio-economic status and promoting nutrition knowledge may improve women’s dietary diversity.
The Effects of Solar Cycle Variability on Nanodust Dynamics in the Inner Heliosphere: Predictions for Future STEREO A/WAVES Measurements

The collisional grinding of interplanetary meteoroids should continually produce grains over a wide range of sizes, including down to the nanometer‐size regime. Once generated, nanodust grains are subject to interplanetary electromagnetic forces from the solar wind due to their relatively large charge‐to‐mass ratios, resulting in complex and highly time‐dependent dynamics. Here, we use the coupled Wang‐Sheeley‐Arge solar corona and Enlil solar wind models together with a nanodust charging and dynamics model to explore the behavior and variability of nanodust dynamics in the inner heliosphere (<1 au) both within and across multiple solar cycles. In particular, we quantify the relative accessibility of these grains to 1 au across solar cycles 23 and 24, including focusing and defocusing heliospheric conditions. Finally, we qualitatively compare our model results with STEREO A (STA)/WAVES observations and identify correlations between the STA/WAVES single‐hit rate and the relative flux of >10 nm grains. Using solar cycle 23 as a proxy for the behavior of solar cycle 25, since both solar cycles share the same defocusing‐to‐focusing transition, we predict the relative flux of nanodust grains in the future and identify times at which nanodust impacts may reappear in the STA/WAVES data set. Continued analysis of future STA/WAVES observations will provide an important test of this prediction, either bolstering or weakening the interpretation of electromagnetically accelerated nanodust grains as the source of single‐hit events in the STA/WAVES Time Domain Sampler data set.
Differential Stable Isotope Labeling Poxviral HLA Ligands as Identified by Long-Term Immunity against Actual

Viral peptides are presented by HLA class I on infected cells to activate CD8 (cid:1) T cells. Several immunogenic peptides have been identiﬁed indirectly by epitope prediction and screening of T cell responses to poxviral vectors, including modiﬁed vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) currently being tested as recombinant or smallpox vaccines. However, for the development of optimal vaccination and immunomonitoring strategies, it is essential to characterize the actual viral HLA ligand repertoire of infected cells. We used an innovative approach to identify naturally processed MVA HLA ligands by differential HPLC-coupled mass spectrometry. We describe 12 viral peptides presented by HLA-A*0201 and 3 by HLA-B*0702. All HLA-A*0201 ligands participated in the memory response of MVA-immune donors, and several were immunogenic in Dryvax vaccinees. Eight epitopes were novel. Viral HLA ligand presentation and viral protein abundance did not correlate. All ligands were expressed early during the viral life cycle, and a pool of three of these mediated stronger protection against a lethal challenge in mice as compared with late epitopes. This highlights the reliability of the comparative mass spectrometry-based technique to identify relevant viral CD8 (cid:1) T cell epitopes for optimizing the monitoring of protective immune responses and the development of effective peptide-based vaccines. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 181: 6371–6383. the immunogenicity of the identiﬁed HLA-A*0201 ligands by IFN- (cid:3) ELISPOT assay of PBMC derived from two HLA-A*0201-positive donors immunized with MVA. initial screen of PBMC vaccination days postboost immunization speciﬁc (cid:3) ﬁve HLA no preimmune either were induced by immunization and were not generated by in vitro peptide/IL-2
Analysis of social exclusion using social services data records based on the SiSo tool

This article aims to identify factors associated with social exclusion among users of social inclusion programs according to four levels of severity. To this end, the SiSo tool was used to assess situations of social hardship on the inclusion/exclusion spectrum. This tool has been used since 2017 to evaluate and study cases in first level or primary care social services in the region of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. At the time of writing, a total of 18,968 family units have been assessed. Bivariate analyses were performed to identify the main characteristics of users in six dimensions or life domains. The results show that principal component analysis is suitable for identifying the variables in the respective domains. Finally, a multinomial analysis was performed to determine the importance of the variables according to levels of hardship. The findings can be useful for segmenting family units and defining social services interventions by level of hardship, as well as for conducting joint interventions with other social protection systems.
Culturability and Survival of Marine, Freshwater and Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Genetic typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the open ocean has revealed that marine strains form unique clusters. To clarify whether this genetic variation reflects differences in pattern of culturability and survival, a marine strain was compared with a freshwater strain and a clinical strain in microcosms with different levels of NaCl (0 to 7% [w/v]), pH (4.0 to 9.0) and temperature ( − 20, 0, 4, 25 and 37 ° C) in both artificial seawater (ASW) and distilled water (DW). The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state of P. aeruginosa was also monitored. The marine strain 1200 grew better at high NaCl and pH, whereas the freshwater strain 1030 did better at 0 to 3% NaCl and a pH of less than 7.0. The clinical strain 1564 grew best at neutral pH and 0% NaCl. No significant differences were observed among the strains in culturability at different temperatures. Like other bacteria, P. aeruginosa enters a VBNC state under stressful conditions. The marine P. aeruginosa isolate exhibits a unique pattern of culturability and survival which demonstrates a physiological adaptation to the ocean environment.
Physical activities, resources, and challenges in the implementation of physical education program in public primary schools in Kampala, Uganda: A cross-sectional survey

Physical activities among young people provide an opportunity to develop the values, and skills for an active lifestyle and high self-esteem. Physical Education as one of the subjects in schools covers this essential role, although its’ provision mostly in the developing world has declined in many countries. This study assessed the physical activities, resources, and challenges in the implementation of Physical Education program among public primary schools in Kampala, Uganda. It was a descriptive survey design employing a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data among teachers and headteachers. Data were analyzed using frequencies, and Pearson product-moment correlation was determined at 0.05 level of significance. Findings reveal availability of facilities (r=0.374), trained personnel (r=0.654), equipment (r=0.529) and school enrolment (r=0.622) having a significant relationship with implementation of PE program. Traditional games, athletics, and ball games were the main activities. Insufficient resources and less value attached to these activities remain the major challenges. Resource allocation and sensitization on the value of physical education could enhance the implementation of the physical education program in public schools.
JPET /2005/099044 1 TITLE PAGE RESISTANCE TO THE ANTI-NEOPLASTIC AGENT GALLIUM NITRATE RESULTS IN MARKED ALTERATIONS IN INTRACELLULAR IRON AND GALLIUM TRAFFICKING: IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL INTERMEDIATES§

Neil P. Davies, Yohan Suryo Rahmanto, Christopher R. Chitambar and Des R. Richardson Children’s Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, The Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, 2031 Australia (N.P.D., Y.S.R, D.R.R.); Division of Neoplastic Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA (C.R.C) JPET Fast Forward. Published on December 22, 2005 as DOI:10.1124/jpet.105. 099044
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease NK Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Chronic Cigarette Smoke Exposure Primes

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating, progressive lung disease punctuated by exacerbations of symptoms. COPD exacerbations are most often associated with viral infections, and exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) followed by viral infection has been shown experimentally to enhance lung inﬂammation, tissue destruction, and airway ﬁbrosis. Despite this, how-ever, the cellular mechanisms responsible for this effect are unknown. In this study, we examined NK cell function in a mouse model of COPD given the vital role of NK cells following viral infection. Ex vivo stimulation of lung leukocytes with poly(I:C), ssRNA40, or ODN1826 enhanced production of NK cell-derived IFN- g in CS-exposed mice. NK cells from CS-exposed mice exhibited a novel form of priming; highly puriﬁed NK cells from CS-exposed mice, relative to NK cells from ﬁltered air-exposed mice, produced more IFN- g following stimulation with IL-12, IL-18, or both. Further, NK cell priming was lost following smoking cessation. NKG2D stimulation through overexpression of Raet1 on the lung epithelium primed NK cell responsiveness to poly(I:C), ssRNA40, or ODN1826 stimulation, but not cytokine stimulation. In addition, NK cells from CS-exposed mice expressed more cell surface CD107a upon stimulation, demonstrating that the NK cell degranulation response was also primed. Together, these results reveal a novel mechanism of activation of the innate immune system and highlight NK cells as important cellular targets in controlling COPD exacerbations. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 184: 4460–4469.
Assessing the impact of swales on receiving water quality

Abstract Swales are one type of sustainable drainage system (SuDS) which contribute to the management of water quality in receiving waterbodies. Using a semi-quantitative approach, an impact assessment procedure is applied to the residual water quality that is carried forward to surface waters and groundwaters following treatment within a swale. Both volumetric and pollutant distributions are considered as stormwater passes through the swale system. The pollutant pathways followed by TSS, nitrate, chloride, metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are determined for a swale receiving highway runoff. For TSS, metals and PAHs between 20% and 29% of the total mean influent pollutant load is predicted to be directed to infiltration through the underlying soils compared to between 4% and 16% of chloride and nitrate. Although surface water impacts are deemed possible, the discharges of swales to groundwaters are assessed to represent a negligible impact for effectively maintained systems.