Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Natives’ Preferences on Mobile Artificial Intelligence Apps for Skin Cancer Diagnostics: Survey Study

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown potential to improve diagnostics of various diseases, especially for early detection of skin cancer. Studies have yet to investigate the clear application of AI technology in clinical practice or determine the added value for younger user groups. Translation of AI-based diagnostic tools can only be successful if they are accepted by potential users. Young adults as digital natives may offer the greatest potential for successful implementation of AI into clinical practice, while at the same time, representing the future generation of skin cancer screening participants. Objective We conducted an anonymous online survey to examine how and to what extent individuals are willing to accept AI-based mobile apps for skin cancer diagnostics. We evaluated preferences and relative influences of concerns, with a focus on younger age groups. Methods We recruited participants below 35 years of age using three social media channels—Facebook, LinkedIn, and Xing. Descriptive analysis and statistical tests were performed to evaluate participants’ attitudes toward mobile apps for skin examination. We integrated an adaptive choice-based conjoint to assess participants’ preferences. We evaluated potential concerns using maximum difference scaling. Results We included 728 participants in the analysis. The majority of participants (66.5%, 484/728; 95% CI 0.631-0.699) expressed a positive attitude toward the use of AI-based apps. In particular, participants residing in big cities or small towns (P=.02) and individuals that were familiar with the use of health or fitness apps (P=.02) were significantly more open to mobile diagnostic systems. Hierarchical Bayes estimation of the preferences of participants with a positive attitude (n=484) revealed that the use of mobile apps as an assistance system was preferred. Participants ruled out app versions with an accuracy of ≤65%, apps using data storage without encryption, and systems that did not provide background information about the decision-making process. However, participants did not mind their data being used anonymously for research purposes, nor did they object to the inclusion of clinical patient information in the decision-making process. Maximum difference scaling analysis for the negative-minded participant group (n=244) showed that data security, insufficient trust in the app, and lack of personal interaction represented the dominant concerns with respect to app use. Conclusions The majority of potential future users below 35 years of age were ready to accept AI-based diagnostic solutions for early detection of skin cancer. However, for translation into clinical practice, the participants’ demands for increased transparency and explainability of AI-based tools seem to be critical. Altogether, digital natives between 18 and 24 years and between 25 and 34 years of age expressed similar preferences and concerns when compared both to each other and to results obtained by previous studies that included other age groups.
Leukocytosis Associated with Clozapine Treatment: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background and Objectives: Clozapine is the only antipsychotic approved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Despite its superior efficacy profile as compared with other antipsychotics, clozapine remains underutilized. Clozapine monitoring systems clearly describe the proposed management of clozapine-induced neutropenia; however, no specific mention is made of how to interpret neutrophilic leukocytosis, despite that being a relatively frequent finding. Prescribers unfamiliar with this molecule may misjudge its clinical significance, potentially leading to untimely treatment interruption. Here, we systematically review the literature on the risk of neutrophilic leukocytosis during clozapine treatment, and describe eight additional cases among our patient cohort. Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature on PubMed and Embase using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and selected all original reports describing either (1) the prevalence of neutrophilic leukocytosis during clozapine treatment, or (2) the clinical significance of neutrophilic leukocytosis. We described eight additional cases of neutrophilic leukocytosis during clozapine treatment while attending an outpatient psychiatric clinic. Results: Our research ultimately yielded the selection of 13 articles included in this systematic review. The case series highlighted the presence of stable and clinically unremarkable neutrophilia during a follow-up ranging from one to ten years. Conclusions: Existing evidence indicates that leukocytosis associated with clozapine treatment can be considered as an asymptomatic and benign condition, suggesting that no change in clozapine treatment is needed upon its detection.
Schizophrenia and Dental Health

Abstract Schizophrenia is characterized not only by psychopathological symptoms but also by medical comorbidities. Among the latter, there are limited data on dental health. We conducted a systematic review with the primary aim of clarifying the extent of the relationship between dental diseases and schizophrenia. The second aim was to delineate an intervention program based on illness-related factors that influence dental health. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement for reporting systematic reviews was used. Only articles published in English language peer-reviewed journals were considered; we excluded case reports, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, as well as studies that did not clearly report statistical analysis, diagnostic criteria, or the number of patients included. Twenty-one studies comprising 13,110 patients with schizophrenia and 9025 healthy controls were included. Negative symptomatology, long duration of illness, smoking habit, drug-induced xerostomia, and neuroinflammation are the most critical areas. We suggest an intervention program for prevention and treatment of dental diseases in schizophrenia.
Macathiohydantoin L, a Novel Thiohydantoin Bearing a Thioxohexahydroimidazo [1,5-a] Pyridine Moiety from Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.)

Five new thiohydantoin derivatives (1–5) were isolated from the rhizomes of Lepidium meyenii Walp. NMR (1H and 13C NMR, 1H−1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), HRESIMS, and ECD were employed for the structure elucidation of new compounds. Significantly, the structure of compound 1 was the first example of thiohydantoins with thioxohexahydroimidazo [1,5-a] pyridine moiety. Additionally, compounds 2 and 3 possess rare disulfide bonds. Except for compound 4, all isolates were assessed for neuroprotective activities in corticosterone (CORT)-stimulated PC12 cell damage. Among them, compound (−)-3 exhibited moderate neuroprotective activity (cell viability: 68.63%, 20 μM) compared to the positive control desipramine (DIM) (cell viability: 88.49%, 10 μM).
Association between Big Five Personality Traits and Participation in Cardiac Rehabilitation in Japanese Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) remains underutilised, despite its established clinical benefit. A personality traits assessment may help promote CR implementation, as they are determinants of health-related behaviour. This study aimed to examine the association between the Big Five personality traits and outpatient CR participation in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) after discharge. This retrospective cohort study included 163 patients aged <80 years, who underwent inpatient CR when hospitalised for CVD. The Big Five personality traits (conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion, and agreeableness) of each patient were evaluated at discharge, using the Japanese version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. We examined the relationship of each personality trait with non-participation in outpatient CR and dropout within three months, using logistic regression analysis. Out of 61 patients who initiated the outpatient CR, 29 patients dropped out, leaving us with 32 subjects. The logistic regression analysis results showed that high conscientiousness was associated with non-participation in CR. The primary reason for this was a lack of motivation. Conversely, low conscientiousness and high openness were predictors of dropout. This study suggests that the assessment of the Big Five personality traits, especially conscientiousness and openness, can help improve health communication with patients to promote outpatient CR participation after discharge.
Parental Awareness and Attitude about Childhood Immunization in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Parental beliefs about vaccination are one of the main factors in reaching high vaccination rates. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the awareness and attitudes regarding routine childhood immunization among Saudi parents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This survey, with a pretested 18-item questionnaire, was conducted on parents having at least one child from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 1 May 2019 and 1 November 2019. The validated questionnaire consisted of three sections; participants’ demographics, awareness, and attitude regarding the immunization of their children. In total, 1200 parents participated in the study, 883 (73.3%) of the parents scored a good knowledge of childhood immunization, and 93% knew that routine vaccination protects children from infectious diseases and their complications. Around 10% stated that immunization can cause autism. Only parents in age groups 30–39 and 40–49 were 1.76 (p < 0.05) times and 1.92 (p < 0.05) times, respectively, more likely to exhibit good knowledge. About 522 (43.6) of the parents attained a positive attitude toward immunization. Adherence to the immunization schedule was confirmed important by 93%, while 91% presumed that immunization keeps their children healthy. Additionally, immunization was perceived as important by 94% of parents and only 8% agreed that immunization is prohibited by religion. Females were 1.45 (p < 0.05) times more likely to exhibit positive attitudes than males. Parents have good knowledge and a positive attitude towards child immunization. However, parental education should be focused on the fact that religion supports immunization, and more awareness should be focused on the lack of correlation between autism and vaccination.
Blue Light Improves Photosynthetic Performance and Biomass Partitioning toward Harvestable Organs in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

Saffron is a valuable plant and one of the most expensive spices worldwide. Nowadays, there is a tendency to produce this crop in indoor plant production systems. However, the production of saffron is restricted by the need for the reproduction of high-quality corms. In this study, we investigated the effect of different ratios of red (R) and blue (B) light spectra (including 100% B (monochromatic B), 75%, 50%, 40%, 25% B, and 0% B (monochromatic R) on the photosynthetic performance and biomass partitioning as well as morphological and biochemical characteristics of saffron. The growth of flower, root, and corm was improved by increasing the proportion of B to R light. B-grown plants were characterized by the highest photosynthetic functionality with efficient electron transport and lower energy dissipation when compared to R-grown plants. B light directed biomass toward the corms and floral organs, while R light directed it toward the leaves. In saffron, the weight of a daughter corm is of great importance since it determines the yield of the next year. As the ratio of B to R light increased, the daughter corms also became heavier, at the cost of reducing their number, though increasing the proportion of B-enhanced antioxidant capacity as well as the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase while superoxide dismutase activity was enhanced in R-grown plants. In conclusion, B light increased the production of high-quality daughter corms and altered biomass partitioning towards harvestable organs (corms and flowers) in saffron plants.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci Responsible for Human Invasive Infections

The aim of this multicentre study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility to anti-anaerobic antibiotics of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) isolates responsible for invasive infections in humans. A total of 133 GPAC isolates were collected in nine French hospitals from 2016 to 2020. All strains were identified to the species level (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, 16S rRNA sequencing). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amoxicillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, imipenem, clindamycin, vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, and metronidazole were determined by the reference agar dilution method. Main erm-like genes were detected by PCR. The 133 GPAC isolates were identified as follows: 10 Anaerococcus spp. , 49 Finegoldia magna, 33 Parvimonas micra, 30 Peptoniphilus spp. , and 11 Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, vancomycin (except 3 P. micra), linezolid and metronidazole. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and piperacillin, except for P. anaerobius (54% and 45% susceptibility only, respectively). MICs of cefotaxime widely varied while activity of rifampicin, and moxifloxacin was also variable. Concerning clindamycin, 31 were categorized as resistant (22 erm(A) subclass erm(TR), 7 erm(B), 1 both genes and 1 negative for tested erm genes) with MICs from 8 to >32 mg/L. Although GPACs are usually susceptible to drugs commonly used for the treatment of anaerobic infections, antimicrobial susceptibility should be evaluated in vitro.
NGS Analysis Confirms Common TP53 and RB1 Mutations, and Suggests MYC Amplification in Ocular Adnexal Sebaceous Carcinomas

Ocular adnexal (OA) sebaceous carcinomas generally demonstrate more aggressive clinical and histopathological phenotypes than extraocular cases, but the molecular drivers implicated in their oncogenesis remain poorly defined. A retrospective review of surgical and ocular pathology archives identified eleven primary resection specimens of OA sebaceous carcinomas with adequate tissue for molecular analysis; two extraocular cases were also examined. Next-generation sequencing was used to evaluate mutations and copy number changes in a large panel of cancer-associated genes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed MYC copy number gain in select cases, and immunohistochemistry to evaluate MYC protein expression. The commonest mutations occurred in TP53 (10/13) and RB1 (7/13). Additional mutations in clinically actionable genes, or mutations with a frequency of at least 25%, included the NF1 (3/12), PMS2 (4/12), ROS1 (3/12), KMT2C (4/12), MNX1 (6/12), NOTCH1 (4/12), PCLO (3/12), and PTPRT (3/12) loci. Low level copy number gain suggestive of amplification of the MYC locus was seen in two cases, and confirmed using FISH. MYC protein expression, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, was present in almost all sebaceous carcinoma cases. Our findings support the concept that alterations in TP53 and RB1 are the commonest alterations in sebaceous carcinoma, and suggest that MYC may contribute to the oncogenesis of these tumors.
Determinants of Prolonged Length of Hospital Stay of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Background and Aim: The increasing prevalence and high hospitalization rates make atrial fibrillation (AF) a significant healthcare strain. However, there are limited data regarding the length of hospital stay (LOS) of AF patients. Our purpose was to determine the main drivers of extended LOS of AF patients. Methods: All AF patients, hospitalized consecutively in a tertiary cardiology center, from January 2018 to February 2020 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Readmissions were excluded. Prolonged LOS was defined as more than seven days (the upper limit of the third quartile). Results: Our study included 949 AF patients, 52.9% females. The mean age was 72.5 ± 10.3 years. The median LOS was 4 days. A total of 28.7% had an extended LOS. Further, 82.9% patients had heart failure (HF). In multivariable analysis, the independent predictors of extended LOS were: acute coronary syndromes (ACS) (HR 4.60, 95% CI 1.66–12.69), infections (HR 2.61, 95% CI 1.44–3.23), NT-proBNP > 1986 ng/mL (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.37–2.82), acute decompensated HF (ADHF) (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.23–2.51), HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.15–2.47) and the HAS-BLED score (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.14–1.78). Conclusion: ACS, ADHF, HFrEF, increased NT-proBNP levels, infections and elevated HAS-BLED were independent predictors of extended LOS, while specific clinical or therapeutical AF characteristics were not.
Krill Oil Treatment Increases Distinct PUFAs and Oxylipins in Adipose Tissue and Liver and Attenuates Obesity-Associated Inflammation via Direct and Indirect Mechanisms

The development of obesity is characterized by the metabolic overload of tissues and subsequent organ inflammation. The health effects of krill oil (KrO) on obesity-associated inflammation remain largely elusive, because long-term treatments with KrO have not been performed to date. Therefore, we examined the putative health effects of 28 weeks of 3% (w/w) KrO supplementation to an obesogenic diet (HFD) with fat derived mostly from lard. The HFD with KrO was compared to an HFD control group to evaluate the effects on fatty acid composition and associated inflammation in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and the liver during obesity development. KrO treatment increased the concentrations of EPA and DHA and associated oxylipins, including 18-HEPE, RvE2 and 14-HDHA in eWAT and the liver. Simultaneously, KrO decreased arachidonic acid concentrations and arachidonic-acid-derived oxylipins (e.g., HETEs, PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, TXB2). In eWAT, KrO activated regulators of adipogenesis (e.g., PPARγ, CEBPα, KLF15, STAT5A), induced a shift towards smaller adipocytes and increased the total adipocyte numbers indicative for hyperplasia. KrO reduced crown-like structures in eWAT, and suppressed HFD-stimulated inflammatory pathways including TNFα and CCL2/MCP-1 signaling. The observed eWAT changes were accompanied by reduced plasma leptin and increased plasma adiponectin levels over time, and improved insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In the liver, KrO suppressed inflammatory signaling pathways, including those controlled by IL-1β and M-CSF, without affecting liver histology. Furthermore, KrO deactivated hepatic REL-A/p65-NF-κB signaling, consistent with increased PPARα protein expression and a trend towards an increase in IkBα. In conclusion, long-term KrO treatment increased several anti-inflammatory PUFAs and oxylipins in WAT and the liver. These changes were accompanied by beneficial effects on general metabolism and inflammatory tone at the tissue level. The stimulation of adipogenesis by KrO allows for safe fat storage and may, together with more direct PPAR-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanisms, attenuate inflammation.
Phycobiliproteins Ameliorate Gonadal Toxicity in Male Mice Treated with Cyclophosphamide

Cyclophosphamide (CP)—which is used to treat autoimmune diseases and cancer—is related to gonadotoxicity attributed to oxidative stress. As phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are strong antioxidants that are unexplored as protective agents against male gonadotoxicity, our work aimed to investigate the effects of PBP crude extract on testicular damage and sperm parameter alterations caused by CP in mice. Three doses of PBP (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were tested in the experimental groups (n = 8 per group), administered concomitantly with 100 mg/kg CP. After 42 days receiving PBP daily and CP weekly, body and relative testicular weights, serum testosterone levels, testicular lipoperoxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity levels, and testicular histology and sperm parameter alterations were assessed. The results showed that PBP crude extract at 200 mg/kg prevented testosterone serum reduction, body weight loss, lipoperoxidation and enzyme activity increments, and sperm parameter alterations and partially ameliorated relative testicular weight reductions and histological damage in CP-treated mice. In conclusion, we showed that PBP crude extract (200 mg/kg) mitigated oxidative damage in the testes and ameliorated alterations in sperm parameters in mice treated with CP (100 mg/kg); therefore, PBP extract could be considered as a potential protective agent against CP toxicity.
The Performance of HepG2 and HepaRG Systems through the Glass of Acetaminophen-Induced Toxicity

Investigation of drug-induced liver injuries requires appropriate in vivo and in vitro toxicological model systems. In our study, an attempt was made to compare the hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and the stem cell-derived HepaRG cell lines both in two- and three-dimensional culture conditions to find the most suitable model. Comparison of the liver-specific characteristics of these models was performed via the extent and mechanism of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Investigating the detailed mechanism of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, different specific cell death inhibitors were used: the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk and dabrafenib significantly protected both cell lines from APAP-induced cell death. However, the known specific inhibitors of necroptosis (necrostatin-1 and MDIVI) were only effective in differentiated HepaRG, which suggest a differential execution of activated pathways in the two models. By applying 3D culture methods, CYP2E1 mRNA levels could be elevated, but we failed to achieve a significant increase in hepatocyte function; hence, the 3D cultivation especially in APAP toxicity studies is not necessarily worth the complicated maintenance. Based on our findings, the hepatocyte functions of HepaRG may stand between the properties of HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes (PHHs). However, it should be noted that in contrast to PHHs having many limitations, HepaRG cells are relatively immortal, having a stable phenotype and CYP450 expression.
A Comparison of Diagnosed Skin Diseases between the Years with and without COVID-19 Pandemic

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has a considerable influence on public health, either directly or indirectly. We investigated outpatient skin disease diagnoses at the dermatology clinic to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on these patients. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using the International Codes of Diseases data from the outpatient department of Dermatology clinic, Vajira hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand from January 2019 to June 2021. Results: A total of 20,915 patients with 34,116 skin diagnoses were included in the study. The average weekly dermatologic clinic visits remained unchanged between the years with and without COVID-19 pandemic. While the percentage of xerosis cutis, other skin infections (syphilis and parasitic infections), hair and nail disorders, pigmentary disorders, benign skin tumors and drug eruptions were significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic years, the percentage of other dermatitis, fungal and viral skin infections, acne, psoriasis, urticaria, vesiculobullous and autoimmune diseases were increased. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a minimal effect on the average weekly skin clinic visits, but the diagnosed skin diseases pattern was affected. Knowing the pattern of skin diseases may help aid hospitals to better prepare for future pandemics in securing appropriate medications and supplies and training the medical teams.