Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV-AIDS patients with respiratory manifestation: study at tertiary care center

Background: HIV affects virtually all organ systems in the body. Pulmonary disease is one of the most frequent complications of HIV infection. It is found in mostly married, young and middle aged, urban poor with male preponderance and heterosexual and blood transfusion being the commonest source of infection. Prompt diagnosis and early management may hasten the clinical recovery and reduce the risk and severity of toxic drug effects. Moreover knowledge regarding the incidence and early manifestations may help in developing strategies regarding prophylactic therapy of various infections of respiratory system. Aim of this study was to find the Incidence, occurrence and pattern of respiratory infections in HIV infected patients, use of various drugs used and response of therapy in respiratory infections and to study impact of HAART in PLHA with respiratory infection. Methods: Fifty HIV infected patients showing clinical evidence of respiratory system involvement and admitted in our hospital from May 2014 to November 2015 were studied in present study. Clinical history was noted and detailed physical examination, laboratory evaluation and specialized tests were carried out in all patients looking especially for presence of associated opportunistic infections in other systems. Results: Cough and dyspnea were the prominent respiratory symptoms and commonest sign was consolidation (42%) and effusion (24%) or no respiratory signs (26%). Tuberculosis (66%) followed by bacterial pneumonia (24%) including recurrent bacterial pneumonia (6%), PCP (8%) and fungal infection (2%), were the commonest respiratory manifestations. Commonest organisms isolated in bacterial pneumonia were Streptococcus Pneumonia, Staph aureus and Klebsiella . Incidence of pulmonary TB was 66%. PCP was found in 8% of cases. HAART combination of lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine were found efficacious, safe and well tolerated when combined with other antibiotics and/or AKT. Conclusions: Heterosexual exposure (70%) and blood borne infection (18%) were commonest route of infection. Fever and weight loss was commonest presenting constitutional symptoms and all patients either belonged to B or C category.
Professional competencies in social work students: emotional intelligence, reflective ability and empathy-a comparative and longitudinal analysis

ABSTRACT Social work education and training seeks to develop professional competence in students in terms of knowledge, values and skills to effectively enable them to discharge the core functions of the profession, which is the alleviation of distress and enhancement of well-being. Emotional intelligence, reflective ability and empathy assume significance in this regard. This study investigated the manifestation of these competencies in women social work students in India using a longitudinal design (n = 34). An equal number of nonsocial work students were also enlisted as a reference group for comparison. Standardized instruments to assess the key variables were administered to both groups using survey methodology. Findings revealed that reflective ability scores significantly predicted the manifestation of emotional intelligence. No statistically significant change in the manifestation of the attributes studied was evidenced as students progressed from course entry to completion at the end of their social work degree. At the point of course completion, social work students had significantly higher scores than the reference group. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the need to focus consciously on the development and enhancement of these key attributes by providing appropriate curricular inputs to students in undergraduate social work programs.
A Quantitative Study of Chinese Learners’ Identities as Reflected in Their Attitudes Toward English Accents

Once an asset owned exclusively by native English speakers (NESs) in inner circle, the native English speaking norms, specifically the standard varieties of British and American English, have been taken for granted as models for non-native English speakers (NNESs) in outer and expanding circles to imitate and approximate to. But this paradigm is under severe attack given the fact that people who use English as a lingua franca (ELF) have far outnumbered NESs. This paper aims to show how Chinese tertiary-level second language (L2) learners perceive different English accents and how their perceptions were related to their identities within the framework of ELF. By means of an online questionnaire survey, data from 574 English major students were retrieved and analysed with the assistance of SPSS 20.0 and Nvivo 11.0. The current study focuses on ambivalence in respondents’ attitudes toward different English accents. On the one hand, there was an obvious bias towards NES norms and accents and a strong bias against Chinese-accented English and other NNES accents; on the other hand, there was an emergence of linguistic rights and learner identity experienced by some respondents, which demonstrated itself in highlighting pragmaticity in communication, endorsing L1-accented Chinese identity, and questioning benchmark roles accorded to NES accent standards. The implication of the current study is to acknowledge an urgency of addressing the controversies between the linguistic reality and the prescriptive standards, and between the respondents’ hidden appeals for projecting their identity via L1-accented English and highly-acclaimed NES accent models.
Effective Characteristics for Leaders in Afterschool Programs

ii Dedication . iii Acknowledgments. iv List of Tables . viii List of Figures . ix Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Background, Context, History, and Conceptual Framework of the Problem . 3 Statement of the Problem . 4 Purpose of the Study . 5 Research Questions . 6 Rationale, Relevance, and Significance of Study . 7 Definition of Terms. 8 Assumptions, Delimitations, and Limitations . 10 Chapter 1 Summary . 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 12 Conceptual Framework . 18 Review of Research Literature and Methodological Literature . 19 Review of Methodological Issues . 35 Critique of Instrumentation . 38 Synthesis of Research Findings . 48 Critique of Previous Research . 50 Chapter 2 Summary . 53
Seismic Reliability Assessment of Inelastic SDOF Systems Subjected to Near-Fault Ground Motions Considering Pulse Occurrence

The ground motions in the orientation corresponding to the strongest pulse energy impose more serious demand on structures than that of ordinary ground motions. Moreover, not all near-fault ground motion records present distinct pulses in the velocity time histories. In this paper, the parameterized stochastic model of near-fault ground motion with the strongest energy and pulse occurrence probability is suggested, and the Monte Carlo simulation (MSC) and subset simulation are utilized to calculate the first excursion probability of inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems subjected to these types of near-fault ground motion models, respectively. Firstly, the influences of variation of stochastic pulse model parameters on structural dynamic reliability with different fundamental periods are explored. It is demonstrated that the variation of pulse period, peak ground velocity and pulse waveform number have significant effects on structural reliability and should not be ignored in reliability analysis. Then, subset simulation is verified to be unbiased and more efficient for computing small reliable probabilities of structures compared to MCS. Finally, the reliable probabilities of the SDOF systems with different fundamental periods subjected to impulsive, non-pulse ground motions and the ground motions with pulse occurrence probability are performed, separately. It is indicated that the ground motion model with the pulse occurrence probability can give a rational estimate on structural reliability. The impulsive and ordinary ground motion models may overestimate and underestimate the reliability of structures with fundamental period much less than the mean pulse period of earthquake ground motions.
Outcome Prediction of Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis: Comparison of Four Testing Strategies

INTRODUCTION: Despite the negative impact of covert hepatic encephalopathy on the outcome of patients with liver cirrhosis, data regarding the ability of different testing strategies to predict overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) development and mortality are limited. This study aimed to compare the ability of Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES), critical flicker frequency (CFF), simplified animal naming test (S-ANT1), and clinical covert hepatic encephalopathy (CCHE) score to predict OHE development and mortality. METHODS: A total of 224 patients with liver cirrhosis were tested with different testing strategies and prospectively followed up regarding clinically relevant outcomes (OHE or death/liver transplantation). RESULTS: Prevalence of pathological results varied among the testing strategies: PHES 33.9%, CFF 17.9%, S-ANT1 41.5%, and CCHE score 33.9%. All testing strategies were independent predictors of OHE development after adjusting for model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and history of OHE. The predictive performances of PHES (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.742) and CCHE (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.785) regarding OHE development during the next 180 days were significantly better than those of CFF and S-ANT1. In multivariable analysis, pathological results in PHES, S-ANT1, and CCHE score were independently associated with higher mortality. CFF did not correlate with mortality in the whole cohort. In the subgroup of patients with a MELD score <15, pathological results in PHES, CFF, or CCHE score were independent predictors of higher mortality. DISCUSSION: PHES and CCHE score predict OHE development and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. In particular, in patients with low MELD score, both testing strategies could help to identify patients who might benefit from liver transplantation.
Study of the Fatigue Behavior of the Unidirectional Zylon/epoxy Composite Used in Pulsed Magnets

The fatigue behavior of the Zylon/epoxy composite has been tested under quasi-static tensile and tensile fatigue loads. The distribution of the fatigue life at different stress was determined. The results show that the statistical characteristic of the static strength and the fatigue life can be satisfactorily described by the normal, lognormal or Weibull distribution model. The measured S-N curve exhibits a pronounced nonlinear behavior. Strains of the unidirectional specimens were monitored with a mechanical extensometer during the test. Three distinct stages of the strain evolutionary process were observed. The evolution curves show a sharp increase in the first stage, an approximately linear slow increasing in the middle stage and an unstable acceleration in the third stage before failure. Similar to the strain evolution, the three-stage stiffness of degradation was also observed. The maximal cycle strain is chosen as the indicator of damage evaluation. The experimental data of the damage parameters are fitted with the existing analytical model. The presented models have a good agreement with the tested results.
Design conditions in the middle range for implementation of integrated ring resonators in LiNbO
 3
 by direct laser writing

The aim of this work is to design an integrated optical ring resonator to be implemented in LiNbO3 with a 2.5 mm radius and an operating wavelength of 1550 nm. Considering these ring parameters, a free spectral range of 71.54 pm and a quality factor of ∼ 5 × 10 5 were calculated. The authors apply results to improve the implementation of femtosecond laser writing in lithium niobate crystals. As it is well-known finite difference time domain method requires large memory and time for processing circuits with large footprint (few square mm), in contrast, the beam propagation method allows to simulate large bends in a simple way. RSoft suite design tools commonly represent circles by closed polygons whose geometrical parameters are not optimised to obtain bending losses as least as possible, as suggested by coherent coupling theory. In this sense, the suitable determination of a splice angle (in this case 1.44 ° ), shape and length for segments are key parameters in the ring design. For this purpose, an ad hoc software was implemented to overcome this drawback. In summary, a 250 sided polygon side showed a suitable coupling performance and established a new layout approach for middle range rings.
Peran Brand Image dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Social Media Marketing terhadap Repeat Purchase pada Fast-Food Restaurant di Kota Medan

This study aims to analyze the effect of social media marketing on brand image and repeat purchases, and to analyze the role of brand image in mediating the effect of social media marketing on repeat purchases in the Fast-Food Restaurant industry in Medan. The respondents are consumers who have made purchases at five fast food restaurants in Medan. 140 people were selected using random sampling. Data collected using questionnaire and interviews, and analyzed using descriptive and path analysis. The results proved that social media marketing was significantly influenced brand image; brand image was significantly influenced repeat purchase; and, social media marketing was significantly influenced repeat purchase. Moreover, social media marketing proved has no significant effect on repeat purchase through brand image as mediator.
Influence of Whatsapp on Study Habit of University Students in Ghana

The advent of whatsapp is gradually eluding student's engagement with other social media platforms notably Facebook. The objective of this study is to contribute togeneral body of knowledge in Information and Communication Technology by assessing the influence of whatsapp on the study habit of University students in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana. Using a descriptive research design and a quota sampling approach 200 respondents were selected from four universities comprising two each from public and private for the study. Data for the study emanated from both primary and secondary sources. Structured questionnaire was the main instrument used in gathering primary data. The field data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows and MS Excel. The findings revealed that 46.7% of the students frequently use whatsapp ten or more times per day. 40% spend between 15 to 30 minutes on each visit, 20% spend between 30 to 45 minutes during each visit. 40% use whatsapp on campusand during lectures, 33.3% use whatsApp in their hostels. The reasons for whatsApp uses include; studying, for group discussion, networking, sharing contents (news, videos and photos), experience or insight, killing loneliness, for politics, doing business and establishing romantic relationship. Majority (60%) admitted further that surfing whatsapp has affected their academic studies incalculably. Health wise 33.3% do feel back pain, 26.7% do feel shoulder pains. Vast majority (66.7%) indicated that they sometimes feel headache, 60% claimed that they experience eye irritation. 66.7% of the respondents claimed that sometimes they do experience financial restrictions and hardships. Theplights of these students warrant national policy on cyber regulation from Ghana's Minister of Communication, National Media Commission and National Communication Authority including Council for Tertiary Education to avert Social Media scourge. Moreover, Parents, Guardians, Lectures and Students Councilors have a role in this.
Higher Order Sliding Mode Control Using Discontinuous Integral Action

In this article, we propose a novel family of higher order sliding mode (HOSM) controllers with discontinuous integral term for a class of single-input–single-output (SISO) nonlinear systems. They belong to a recently introduced class of controllers, named continuous HOSM since they are able to compensate exactly and in finite-time perturbations/uncertainties using a continuous control signal. They are obtained by introducing a discontinuous integral action at the input of the plant. Here, continuously differentiable Lyapunov functions are used to rigorously prove the stability of the closed-loop system. We also investigate an approximation of this strategy, where a continuous integral term replaces the discontinuous one. The robustness properties of the closed-loop controller with continuous and discontinuous integral term are studied.
Anthropometric differences in the newborns with brachial plexus palsy, clavicle fracture in pregnancies without risk factor

Objective: To make predictions for antenatal evaluation by using anthropometric data of the newborns which undergo the complications of brachial plexus palsy, clavicle fracture and shoulder/humerus fracture in cases with low risk in terms of shoulder dystocia. Methods: After the risk factors that may cause deliveries with dystocia such as fetal macrosomia, maternal diabetes, maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy, history of shoulder dystocia, labor induction and epidural anesthesia were ruled out, birth complication cases found in the hospital database retrospectively were matched one by one with data of the newborns which had same obstetric and demographic characteristics, same weights and genders but did not undergo labor trauma. Results: A total of 185 newborn complications were observed, and of these complications, 149 were classified as clavicle fracture, 8 as shoulder and humerus fracture, and 28 as brachial plexus palsy. It was seen that the 2nd stage of labor was significantly longer in the cases which underwent birth complication (p=0.01; 22.41±6.98 minutes vs. 24.23±6.43 minutes). Shoulder dystocia was more frequent in the study group which had complications (p=0.0001; 32.97% vs. 2.7%). In terms of anthropometric measurements, the ROC analysis of thorax circumference / head circumference ratio was significant, and it was seen that shoulder dystocia and the complications could be predicted in case that the ratio is higher than 0.97 (AUC=0.903; sensitivity 77.84%, specificity 89.73%, PPV 88.3%, NPV 80.2%, LR 7.58). It was found that the rate of complications increased significantly in cases which were above 4000 g (p=0.029). Conclusion: Shoulders and its extensions are vulnerable to trauma within birth canal. In our hypothesis, neonatal anthropometric data were significantly correlated with the complications. In order to make a prediction, bisacromial diameter and thorax circumference measurements as well as fetal head measurements may be helpful during antenatal period and labor in particular.
Do deep neural networks see the way we do?

Deep neural networks have revolutionized computer vision, and their object representations match coarsely with the brain. As a result, it is widely believed that any fine scale differences between deep networks and brains can be fixed with increased training data or minor changes in architecture. But what if there are qualitative differences between brains and deep networks? Do deep networks even see the way we do? To answer this question, we chose a deep neural network optimized for object recognition and asked whether it exhibits well-known perceptual and neural phenomena despite not being explicitly trained to do so. To our surprise, many phenomena were present in the network, including the Thatcher effect, mirror confusion, Weber’s law, relative size, multiple object normalization and sparse coding along multiple dimensions. However, some perceptual phenomena were notably absent, including processing of 3D shape, patterns on surfaces, occlusion, natural parts and a global advantage. Our results elucidate the computational challenges of vision by showing that learning to recognize objects suffices to produce some perceptual phenomena but not others and reveal the perceptual properties that could be incorporated into deep networks to improve their performance.
Convolutional neural network–based data recovery method for structural health monitoring

In this study, a structural response recovery method using a convolutional neural network is proposed. The aim of this study is to restore missing strain structural responses when they cannot be collected due to a sensor fault, data loss, or communication errors. To this end, a convolutional neural network model for data recovery is constructed using the strain monitoring data stably measured before the occurrence of data loss. Under the assumption that specific sensors fail among the multiple sensors installed on a structure, the structural responses of these specific sensors are intentionally excluded and the remaining structural responses are set as the input data of the convolutional neural network. In addition, the intentionally excluded structural responses are set as the output data of the convolutional neural network. In case of a sensor fault, the trained convolutional neural network is used to recover the missing strain responses using functional sensors alone. The applicability of the proposed method is verified by a numerical study on a beam structure and an experimental study on a frame structure. The data recovery performance of the proposed convolutional neural network is discussed according to the number of failed sensors and the types of structural members with the failed sensors. Finally, the field applicability of the proposed method is examined using strain monitoring data measured from an overpass bridge in use over a long period of time.
INVESTIGATION OF XYLAZINE AND LIDOCAINE HCL FOR EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA IN TEDDY GOAT

This experiment was conducted on 6-12 months old healthy Teddy goats, which were purchased from local market by inducing two different anesthetic treatments (A and B). In treatment A, xylazine was administered randomly to all goats in first week of experiment, while in treatment B lidocaine 2% was administered in all goats after one week interval, in-between last lumbar and 1st sacral epidural space using ordinary hypodermic needle (e.g. 22 gauge, 1-inch). The onset, duration of action and time of recovery of analgesia in each animal were recorded with each treatment after every 5 minutes up to 120 minutes. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences among the treatments were compared by the LSD test. The mean time of induction of analgesia was less in treatment B (6.83 minutes) than in treatment A (11.83). The duration of anaesthesia and its recovery was less in treatment A (77.50 and 89.33 minutes, respectively) than in treatment B (85.00 and 91.83 minutes, respectively). The degree of analgesia was increased after administration of xylazine and lidocaine into epidural space. It was concluded that treatment A produced good analgesic effect as compared to treatment B.
Teaching English Language Learners in the Regular Elementary Classroom

Teaching English Language Learners in the Regular Elementary Classroom This research project outlines the study of second language acquisition as it relates to English language learners at the elementary level, the history of education for language minority students in the United States, and current trends in education for English language learners in the United States. A practical guide for teaching English language learners in the regular elementary classroom is included, as well as an overview of the presentation of said guide. A discussion, which includes feedback from experts in the field of educating English language learners is also provided.