Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Life History Variation in Hatchery‐ and Natural‐Origin Spring Chinook Salmon in the Yakima River, Washington

Abstract In male Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, age of maturation is phenotypically plastic, occurring at age 1 (referred to as precocious parr or microjack), age 2 (minijack), age 3 (jack), age 4, or age 5. Microjacks and minijacks are thought to forego migration to the ocean as smolts, instead remaining in headwaters and employing a “sneaking” strategy to fertilize eggs. We compared the prevalence of minijacks (minijack rate) among hatchery- and natural-origin spring Chinook Salmon from the Yakima River, Washington, over seven brood years (2001–2007). We quantified minijack rates and sex ratios in the hatchery population prior to release and during out-migration at a trap located 230 km downstream. Within this time period, we also monitored minijack rates in a 3-year (brood years 2002–2004) growth study designed to reduce minijack production at the hatchery. Minijacks made up an average of 41% of the male population in the hatchery, but annual minijack rates varied in response to the growth ra.
PREVALENCE OF HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS IN LOCAL GOATS

Haemonchus contortus a blood sucking parasite causing anaemia that may be fatal particularly to young animals. Faecal samples were obtained from 380 goats in July and August, 2013 from 13 randomly selected local farms around D.G. Khan. In this study 96 (25.26%) goats were found to be positive for H. contortus. Infection of parasite was more prevalent in males than in female goats (31.85 VS 22.47; P 42 months. The prevalence was significantly different (P<0.05). These results indicate that the sex, age and breed of hosts had effect on prevalence of H. contortus.
Review of the effect of ammonia and dust concentrations on broiler performance

Broilers are reared in an intensive production system starting with a small initial live weight that increases dramatically by the end of the production cycle. Within the broiler house there are consequent changes in heat, moisture and carbon dioxide production. Microbial decomposition of faeces and litter produces a number of aerial contaminants, particularly ammonia and dust as well as a complex of compounds responsible for the characteristic odour associated with these enterprises. The concentration of most aerosol particles increases during the production period. Ammonia emissions from livestock buildings have considerable localised environmental effects when deposited on the adjacent land. High levels of inspirable dust can cause respiratory problems in broilers and the particles carry a proportion of the odorous volatile compounds that often attracts adverse comment by neighbouring residents.
Interleukin-1/inhibitory kappa B kinase epsilon-induced glycolysisaugment epithelial effector function and promote allergic airwaysdisease

Background: Emerging studies suggest that enhanced glycolysis accompanies inflammatory responses. Virtually nothing is known about the relevance of glycolysis in allergic asthma. Objectives: Here we sought to determine if glycolysis is altered in allergic asthma and to address its importance in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Methods: We examined alterations in glycolysis in sputum samples from asthmatics and primary human nasal cells, and used murine models of allergic asthma as well as primary mouse tracheal epithelial cells to evaluate the relevance of glycolysis. Address correspondence to: Yvonne M.W. Janssen-Heininger, Ph.D., Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, HSRF Building, Room 216A, Burlington, VT 05405, Phone: 802 656 0995, Fax: 802 656 8892, yvonne.janssen@uvm.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author manuscript J Allergy Clin Immunol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 August 01. Published in final edited form as: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 August ; 142(2): 435–450.e10. doi:10.1016/j.jaci. 2017.08. 043. A uhor M anscript
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE SCALLOP, PEDUM SPONDYLOIDEUM, (BIVALVIA: PTERIOMORPHIA: PECTINIDAE) AND SCLERACTINIAN CORALS FROM THE WAKATOBI MARINE NATIONAL PARK (SOUTHEASTERN SULAWESI, INDONESIA)

The associations between the nestling and facultative boring pectinid bivalve Pedum spondyloideum and scleractinian host corals were studied at the Wakatobi Marine National Park (MNP), part of the Tukang Besi Archipelago in the Banda Sea, Indonesia. There, Pedum uses fi fteen hosts including the previously unrecorded species Montipora capricornis, M. danae, M. informis, M. mactanensis, Pavona clavus, Pav. duerdeni and Turbinaria irregularis. Massive Porites lobata and Por. lutea are the favourites. The depth range of Pedum extends from 3.5-18 m. There is no correlation between the number of Pedum and depth, and between the number of Pedum per colony and depth. Local distribution indicates that associations are more diversifi ed and Pedum occur in greater numbers on fringing reefs off Kaledupa Island or on sites located further off Hoga Island. Sites located near the Hoga Marine Research Station and the training platforms had only a few Pedum and associations. A site with a particularly heavy sedimentation rate and elevated nutrient concentration in the water contained many individuals associated only with massive Porites. Competitors of Pedum (nestling and boring bivalves, vermetid gastropods, serpulid annelids, hermit crabs, cryptochirid and cirriped crustaceans) were mainly observed in massive Porites.
TASK AND COMPETENCE BASED TEAM COMPOSITION AND TEAMWORK- ECONOMIC AND SOCIO- PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF AUXILIARY STAFF INTEGRATION IN NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES

The objective of this study is to reveal cause effect relations between the integration of auxiliary staff in the execution phase of variant construction projects within a 3D CAD (Three Dimensional Computer Aided Design) environment and economic and socio-psychological efficiency project outcomes. The analysis starts with the engineering environment, best described with the theories of job enrichment, driven by SW-developments (Software) to reduce personnel costs. The result is a job profile, in which the engineer is not only responsible for transforming information about the requirements for a new product into the information necessary to produce the new product but also executing all related activities to make the new product producible. In opposite to this situation the authors are elaborating their novel model of a coherent, task related integration of auxiliary staff in New PD (New Product Development) processes. Data obtained from 130 interviews with professionals reveal the hypothesized increase of economic and socio-psychological efficiency by using the model within the delimited area.
ECOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF GENETIC STRUCTURE IN PLANT POPULATIONS

Plant populations are not randomly arranged assemblages of genotypes but are structured in space and time (2, 29, 49, 58, 84, 112). This structure may be manifested among geographically distinct populations, within a local group of plants, or even in the progeny of individuals. Genetic structure results from the joint action of mutation, migration, selection, and drift, which in tum must operate within the historical and biological context of each plant species. Ecological factors affecting reproduction and dispersal are likely to be particularly important in determining genetic structure (2, 31, 58). Reproduction is the process that translates the current genotypic array into that of subsequent generations, while the dispersal of pollen and seeds determines the postreproductive pattems of gene dispersion within and among populations. Although the concept of genetic structure has been used in various ways (58, 130, 154), we limit our definition to the nonrandom distribution of alleles or genotypes in space or time and disregard genome organization and meiotic processes that can also affect allele and genotype frequencies. Because of the limited mobility of plants, their genetic structure implies spatial structure, or the actual physical distribution of individuals. While spatial pattems often have genetic implications, nonrandom genetic pattems can exist without a nonrandom distribution of individuals. Conversely, a population may have a nonrandom spatial distribution without any accompanying genetic structure. Spatial and genetic patterns are often assumed to result from environmental heterogeneity and differential selection pressures (22, 53, 131, 132). Selection is a ubiquitous feature of natural populations; it alters gene and
Some Effects of Host Age on Parasitism by Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Abstract Mortality of immature Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) was least on young house fly pupae (less than 48 hours old, at 24.5 ± 0.5 °C.) and increased with increasing host age. Increased mortality on old hosts was manifested principally as a decrease in female adult progeny, numbers of adult males and of mature diapause larvae remaining approximately constant. Reduction in the percentage of females in the adult progeny reared on old hosts probably resulted from superparasitism. This kills more female than male larvae and occurred more commonly on old hosts, each of which provides a smaller quantity of suitable food for the immature parasites. Adults reared on old hosts were smaller and relatively fewer of them were able to emerge. The proportion of the total mature parasite progeny that remained in diapause was greater on old hosts, probably because of qualitative differences in the food provided by hosts of different ages.
Taxonomy of the Ocean triggerfish, Canthidermis maculata (Tetradontiformes, Balistidae) from the Indian coast

The collection and analysis of fishes of the genus Canthidermis done during 2000-2002. The results revealed high intraspecific colour variation among the samples collected from different localities. Canthidermis maculata from Indian seas is redescribed with new characters and examined the status of synonyms of the species. The regression analysis using data of various morphometric measurements on standard lengths revealed a low relationship and significant, suggesting that C. maculata showed high degree of variability in morphological characters. The examination reveals that C. willughbeii (Lay and Bennett, 1839), C. rotundatus (Proce, 1822), C. villosus Fedoryako, 1981 are junior synonym of C. maculata (Bloch, 1786).
META-ANALYSIS OF VITAL RATES OF THE NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL

Beginning in the mid1980s a number of large “demographic” study areas were established within the range of the Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Anderson and Bumham (1992) presented an analysis of data from five of these study areas. By the fall of 1993, 14 such demographic study areas had at least four years of capture-recapture and fecundity data. We provide results here for 11 of the 14 demographic data sets available; data from two studies areas in northern California conducted by the timber industry were not made available at the workshop, and the industry-sponsored study on the Wenatchee National Forest was withdrawn on the final day of the 12-day workshop. Thus, none of the three study areas sponsored by the timber industry was available for use in this paper. The 11 study areas where data were available are shown in Fig. 1 of Franklin et al. (this volume). These are large study areas, several are contiguous with others, and have as few as four years to as many as nine years of banding (Table 1) and fecundity data. The sample size for individual owls first banded as territorial “adults” (i.e., non-juvenile birds) was over 6,500 captureand-releases events (Table 1). Our main objective was to conduct a rigorous and objective analysis of the empirical population data available on the Northern Spotted Owl and provide the statistical inferences that were justified about the owl’ s vital rates. We emphasized a science-based, data analysis agenda during the 12-day workshop. Many quality controls were established, data were formally certified prior to analysis, analysis protocols were determined a priori, and these were followed. Several people with special expertise in capture-recapture and population dynamics theory were invited to supervise the analyses, and every effort was made to assure the integrity of the data analyses and inferences. Considerable published formal theory and computer software existed to guide the sophisticated analysis of these data. Direct inferences were limited to the years where data were available. Because of the number, large size, and wide distribution of the study areas, we assume the statistical inferences extend beyond these specific study areas to the range of this subspecies. At and after the workshop we were asked repeatedly to provide insights to managers and policy people such as “What do these results and inferences mean to managers? ” or “Is Option 9 of the President’ s forest plan viable, given the results from these 11 studies? ” Those subjects lie beyond our expertise, and hence this chapter is a “science only” document with but few of our interpretations expressed. Other papers in this volume delve into these management issues (e.g., Gutierrez this volume, Raphael et al. this volume).
Forecasting the Impact of Policy Interventions on Societal Behavior

To overcome the challenge of heterogeneity in data sources, format, and content, disciplinary theories, and modeling frameworks we describe a methodology that partitions all data into individuals, organizations, institutions, infrastructure, and geographies entities (IOIIGs) and automatically extracts relevant theories for each entity class. We then reconstruct a virtual Reference World (RW) in which IOIIG “agents” interact with each other to produce emergent societal level behavior. Policies are defined in terms of actions by some Institution and Organization agents to shape the behaviors of Individual agents so that desired societal level outcome may be achieved. The RW approach consists of four phases: simultaneous self-ingestion of data with continuous verification and validation, self-extraction of behaviors, self-extraction of policies, and simulation of future states. RW methodology continuously ingests dynamic data through an onboarding process which relies on semantic definitions of fields. Static traits and dynamic actions of IOIIGs are extracted as sampled data to form behavior maps for the various modeled entities. Data describing intended and observed impacts of policy actions are converted into action meshes. The behavior maps and action meshes are then combined using neural network and machine learning techniques to create plausible future meshes. Agent based simulation is then used to produce future states. We demonstrate the application of the RW approach to supporting strategic policy design for increasing the post-secondary attainment of the work eligible population nation-wide.
The Dark Side of Embodiment - Teaming Up With Robots VS Disembodied Agents

—In the past years, research on the embodiment of interactive social agents has been focused on comparisons between robots and virtually-displayed agents. Our work contributes to this line of research by providing a comparison between social robots and disembodied agents exploring the role of embodiment within group interactions. We conducted a user study where participants formed a team with two agents to play a Collective Risk Dilemma (CRD). Besides having two levels of embodiment as between-subjects —physically-embodied and disembodied—, we also manipulated the agents’ degree of cooperation as a within-subjects variable —one of the agents used a prosocial strategy and the other used selﬁsh strategy. Our results show that while trust levels were similar between the two conditions of embodiment, participants identiﬁed more with the team of embodied agents. Surprisingly, when the agents were disembodied, the prosocial agent was rated more positively and the selﬁsh agent was rated more negatively, compared to when they were embodied. The obtained results support that embodied interactions might improve how humans relate with agents in team settings. However, if the social aspects can positively mask selﬁsh behaviours, as our results suggest, a dark side of embodiment may emerge.
Effectiveness of Psycho-Education Model

This research investigated whether the eclectic psycho-education model was effective in improving the QoL of women with comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders in resource poor settings in Laikipia County in Kenya. Quasi-experimental research design was adopted for this study, with the target population of 484 female members of Conservation Enterprise Groups (CEG) in Laikipia. A sample size of 200 for both the experimental (EG) and control groups (CG) was selected at 80% power and 30% effective size. The tools used for the study included Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) for anxiety, the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) for depression and the EUROHIS 8-itemQoL index. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 21.0. The findings of this research show that comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders have a negative impact on people’s Quality of Life (QoL). The prevalence of depression was established as 26.7% and that of anxiety as 79.4% amongst the women. The study also showed that if these symptoms were not treated, they degenerated into severe symptoms, as evidenced in the CG, where the psycho-education treatment was not provided. Regression analysis conducted at the end of the study showed that the psycho-education treatment significantly improved comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression (P<0.005), leading to significant improvements in QoL scores (P<0.005). There is however, need for further research to establish other socio-cultural and environmental factors that contribute to high comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms, which lead to low QoL among women in resource poor settings in Laikipia.
Determination of Vitamin C Content and Mineral Elements in Fruits Samples in Karu Metropolis, North Central Nigeria

Adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables and their juices with high vitamin C content and antioxidant capacity result in improved health, reduced risk of chronic diseases, optimal nutrition and general well-being. This study was to determine the vitamin C content of fresh fruits juices extracted from Mango, Orange, Banana and Water melon and some Mineral elements content levels in the same samples. Fruits were purchased from Masaka local markets and its metropolis in Karu, Nasarawa State. Titration method was employed to determine the vitamin C content of test sample juices, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method as described by AOAC was used for the elemental analysis. Results showed that the amount of vitamin C in the sample was Orange>Mango>Water melon> Banana. The mineral contents determined include: Potassium, Calcium, Sodium, Iron and Magnesium. It was observed from the result obtained that the fruits showed varying degree of concentrations of the mineral elements analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Orange was found to contain the following levels of minerals in the descending order: Potassium 374.2Mg/Kg followed by Magnesium 29.30Mg/Kg followed by Calcium 12.89Mg/Kg, Sodium 11.45Mg/Kg, and Iron 4.76Mg/Kg. Watermelon was found to contain Sodium 7.09Mg/Kg, Magnesium 7.97Mg/Kg, Calcium 8.39Mg/Kg Iron 3.08Mg/Kg and Potassium -2.63Mg/Kg in the descending order. Banana’s levels of minerals stood as Potassium 438.10 Mg/Kg a value even higher than that of orange which was followed by Magnesium 47.40Mg/Kg, Sodium 16.35Mg/Kg, Iron 7.69Mg/Kg, and Calcium-18.20Mg/Kg in the descending order. Analysis of variance ANOVA (P < 0.05) reveals a statistically significance difference among the fruit samples studied. All the fruits samples were found to be within the international standards and consumers of these fruits can use them as good supplements as the case may be depending on their daily requirements.
Studies of Naturally Occurring Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporida: Thelohaniidae) Infection in Red Imported Fire Ants, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Abstract Surveys were conducted at four Texas Army National Guard training facilities to assess the natural distribution and prevalence of Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen and Hazard infection in polygynous imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren. T. solenopsae was found at three of the four training facilities; intercolonial prevalence ranged from 9 to 47%, and worker prevalence ranged from 0.15 to 0.57. A plot containing fire ants infected with T. solenopsae at one of the training facilities was monitored for 2 yr to determine whether natural infection rates fluctuate over time, whether infection affects colony size, as indicated by mound volume, and whether there was a relationship between climate and infection prevalence. At this site, intercolonial prevalence ranged from a high of 47% in July 1999 to a low of 11% in October 2000, and mean worker prevalence ranged from 0.20 to 0.57. Mound volume of infected colonies was consistently less than the volume of uninfected colonies. There was no correlation between temperature or precipitation and proportion of infected colonies, but there was a positive correlation between colony density and percentage of infection with T. solenopsae.
VIBRATION MEASUREMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON BEAM STABILITY AT NSLS2*

W. Cheng, C. Spataro, A. Jain, S. Sharma, S. Krinsky NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 Abstract Vibration measurements have been carried out at NSLS2. The floor has more than 100 nm RMS vertical motion during workdays (>1Hz). This motion reduces to 30 nm RMS during nights and weekends. Traffic on the nearby expressway is considered to be the major source of ground motion. Weather (wind) and utility system induced vibrations are other possible factors on floor motion. Vibrations have been measured at various locations, like the tunnel and experiment floor, HXN long beamline satellite building floor, high stability BPM support, Quadrupole magnets etc. Assuming a typical uncorrelated motion of Quadrpole magnets of 100 nm, beam orbit jitter is around 4-7 microns. Fast orbit feedback will control the orbit stability within 10% of beam size.
Factors affecting proportions of land allocated to the mini-sett technology by yam producers in Northern Ghana

The study investigated factors affecting proportions of land allocated to the yam mini-sett technology among 120 randomly selected farmers in Northern Ghana. About 41% of the farmers allocated about 33% of their yam land to the technology. Results from the Tobit regression model suggest that the dissemination of the technology must also target farmers who are non-natives, household heads, less experienced, have large household sizes, and record low yields. The process must consider the type of cropping systems, seed yam production and collaborations with non-formal educational programs. Training must promote positive perception about the technology and proliferation of off-farm income generating activities.