Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"Black Esophagus" or Gurvits Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Black esophagus, also called Gurvits syndrome or acute esophageal necrosis (AEN), is a rare, life-threatening condition characterized by necrosis of the esophageal mucosa. We present a 36-year-old man who presented with hematemesis and was admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) management. He then had a further episode of hematemesis with hemodynamic instability. The esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed ulcerative, necrotizing, circumferential esophagitis in the middle and distal third of the esophagus. The patient was treated with intravenous fluid resuscitation, proton pump inhibitors, empiric antibiotics, and antifungals. Hematemesis in DKA should raise suspicion for black esophagus. Prompt detection of AEN allows for early management and thus reduces mortality and associated complications such as perforations and strictures.
Filamentous fungi for sustainable remediation of pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metal and oil hydrocarbons

This review presents a comprehensive summary of the latest research in the field of bioremediation with filamentous fungi. The main focus is on the issue of recent progress in remediation of pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metal treatment and oil hydrocarbons mycoremediation that are usually insufficiently represented in other reviews. It encompasses a variety of cellular mechanisms involved in bioremediation used by filamentous fungi, including bio-adsorption, bio-surfactant production, bio-mineralization, bio-precipitation, as well as extracellular and intracellular enzymatic processes. Processes for wastewater treatment accomplished through physical, biological, and chemical processes are briefly described. The species diversity of filamentous fungi used in pollutant removal, including widely studied species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Verticillium, Phanerochaete and other species of Basidiomycota and Zygomycota are summarized. The removal efficiency of filamentous fungi and time of elimination of a wide variety of pollutant compounds and their easy handling make them excellent tools for the bioremediation of emerging contaminants. Various types of beneficial byproducts made by filamentous fungi, such as raw material for feed and food production, chitosan, ethanol, lignocellulolytic enzymes, organic acids, as well as nanoparticles, are discussed. Finally, challenges faced, future prospects, and how innovative technologies can be used to further exploit and enhance the abilities of fungi in wastewater remediation, are mentioned. Graphical Abstract
Impact of vitamin D on the prognosis after spinal cord injury: A systematic review

Vitamin D (VitD) insufficiency is a worldwide health problem and affects billions of people. Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients seem more susceptible to developing suboptimal levels of VitD. However, the literature regarding its impact on the prognosis of SCI is limited. Thus, in this review, we systematically investigated the published studies via a combination of keywords associated with SCI and VitD in four medical databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science). All included studies were analyzed, and selected clinical data on the prevalence of VitD insufficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 30 ng/ml) and deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/ml) were collected for further meta-analysis via random effects. Through literature review, a total of 35 studies were eligible and included. The meta-analysis of VitD status (13 studies, 1,962 patients) indicated high prevalence of insufficiency (81.6% [75.7, 87.5]) and deficiency (52.5% [38.1, 66.9]) after SCI. Besides, low levels of VitD were reported to be associated with a higher risk of skeletal diseases, venous thromboembolism, psychoneurological syndromes, and chest illness after injury. Existing literature suggested that supplemental therapy might act as an adjuvant treatment to facilitate post-injury rehabilitation. Non-human experimental studies highlighted the neuroprotective effect of VitD, which was associated with enhancing axonal and neuronal survival, suppressing neuroinflammation, and modulating autophagy. Therefore, the current evidence suggests that the prevalence of VitD insufficiency is high in the SCI population, and low-level VitD may impair functional restoration after SCI. VitD supplemental treatment may have potential benefits to accelerate rehabilitation in mechanistically related processes after SCI. However, due to the limitation of the available evidence, more well-designed randomized controlled trials and mechanism experimental research are still needed to validate its therapeutic effect, elucidate its neuroprotective mechanism, and develop novel treatments.
The effects of rootstocks on growth and development of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L. cv. "Kütahya") in the growing conditions of Bursa

: Turkey is one of the most important sour cherry ( Prunus cerasus L.) producers in the world, mostly producing the cultivar “Kütahya. ” To date, no previous study published on the effects of clonal roodstocks on the growth and development, yield, and fruit quality of “Kütahya” sour cherry. Therefore, this study was carried out from 2015 to 2019 to determine the influences of SL-64, Piku 3, Maxma 14, CAB 6P and PHL-C rootstocks on vigor, yield, and fruit quality of “Kütahya” sour cherry cultivar in Bursa, Marmara Region, Turkey. The effects of rootstocks on blooming period, ripening time, trunk diameter, trunk cross-sectional area, pruning waste, fruit weight and volume, fruit stalk length, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH, and ripening index were evaluated. No sour cherry trees on CAB 6P and PHL-C rootstocks died throughout the study period whereas trees on SL-64 rootstock showed high mortality (87%) in the first year of the study. In general, CAB 6P rootstock promoted the highest vigor and annual and cumulative yield. Yield efficiency was the highest for PHL-C but it was not significantly different from that for CAB 6P. CAB 6P rootstock induced the highest fruit weight and volume whereas Maxma 14 rootstock induced the lowest. Moreover, CAB 6P tended to induce higher fruit stalk length whereas Piku 3 induced the lowest. The soluble solids content was the highest in fruit from trees grafted on Maxma 14 but without significant differences with those in fruit from trees grafted on other rootstocks. In general, CAB 6P and PHL-C rootstocks tended to induce higher titratable acidity. In light of the findings of this study, it is concluded that CAB 6P was the best-adapted rootstock and it is recommended for establishing orchards of “Kütahya” sour cherry in the Marmara region.
The role of temperature fluctuations in the dynamics of type-I and type-II edge localized modes at ASDEX Upgrade

Two-dimensional temperature measurements using the electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostic at ASDEX Upgrade revealed a variety of temperature fluctuations associated with type-I and type-II edge localized modes (ELMs). The characteristics and dynamics of these modes, and their role in the ELM cycle, are presented. During type-I ELMs, different phases of distinct mode activity have been identified. At the onset of the ELM crash, a short lived mode is observed in the pedestal region. During the actual crash phase, multiple filamentary structures are observed just outside the separatrix. A third type of fluctuation, the inter-ELM mode, is often observed in between type-I crashes. The occurrence of this mode tends to lengthen the ELM period. During type-I ELM suppression with magnetic perturbation coils, smaller crash events become more frequent, replacing the large type-I crashes. In type-II ELMs, temperature crashes are absent altogether, and a continuous broadband fluctuation in the 20–60 kHz range, showing beat wave like behaviour, is observed. The similarities between the characteristics of this mode and the inter-ELM mode suggest that it is the same instability. In type-I ELMs it delays the next crash, in type-II ELMs it might be responsible for the complete absence of crash events.
Facile synthesis of copper MOF/carbon nanofiber nanocomposite paper for electrochemical detection of toxic 4-nitrophenol

Abstract In this study, we have developed a self-standing nanocomposite mat, which combined of copper (benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) MOFs (Cu(BTC)MOFs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and used as an enzyme-free electrochemical sensor for detection of 4-nitrophenol in phosphate buffer (pH = 7). The high specific surface area and variety of functional active adsorption sites of as-developed hybrid mat facilitated faster transport of analyte molecules across the electrode-electrolyte interface. The Cu(BTC)MOF@CNF-modified glassy carbon electrode (Cu(BTC)MOF@CNF/GCE) demonstrated improved electrocatalytic responses toward 4-nitrophenol. The as-developed electrode showed that an excellent sensitivity (2.3429 μA μM−1 cm−2) with good selectivity and outstanding cyclic stability. The hybrid sensor exhibited a widespread linear range from 5.0 to 400 µM along with a low detection limit of 87.12 nM, for 4-nitrophenol determination. The present sensor electrode showed anti-interference property and high selectivity with good storage stability up to 30 days. Lastly, the sensing performances of the Cu(BTC)MOF@CNF/GCE toward para-nitrophenol in real samples give the satisfactory results, which proved the practical applicability of the present hybrid material. Furthermore, the real sample analyses results validated through HPLC results, and it was observed that the current results are in comparable with high-performance liquid chromatography data. Graphical Abstract
Effectiveness and safety of nab-paclitaxel and platinum as first-line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer: a retrospective study

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus platinum as first-line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer (OC). Methods Patients administered platinum combined with nab-paclitaxel as first-line chemotherapy for epithelial OC, fallopian tube cancer, or primary peritoneal cancer from July 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). Adverse events (AEs) were examined. Subgroup analysis was performed. Results Seventy-two patients (median age, 54.5 years; range, 20.0–79.0 years) were evaluated, including 12 and 60 administered neoadjuvant therapy and primary surgery with subsequent chemotherapy, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 25.6 months, and the median PFS was 26.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]=24.0–29.3) months in the whole patient population. In the neoadjuvant subgroup, the median PFS was 26.7 (95% CI=22.9–30.5) months vs. 30.1 (95% CI=23.1–37.1) months in the primary surgery subgroup. Twenty-seven patients were administered nab-paclitaxel plus carboplatin and had a median PFS of 30.3 (95% CI=not available [NA]–NA) months. The commonest grade 3–4 AEs included anemia (15.3%), white blood cell decreased (11.1%), and neutrophil count decreased (20.8%). No drug-related hypersensitivity reactions occurred. Conclusion Nab-paclitaxel plus platinum as first-line treatment in OC was associated with a favorable prognosis and was tolerable in patients with OC.
Risk factors of primary postpartum hemorrhage among postnatal mothers in the public hospital of southern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019: A case-control study

Background Postpartum hemorrhage is the most common direct cause of maternal mortality and morbidity; among them, primary postpartum hemorrhages are an enormous element. Although it has an incredible impact on maternal lifestyle, this is the most neglected area in Ethiopia and there is a lack of studies achieved within the study area. So this study aimed to identify the risk factors of primary postpartum hemorrhage among postnatal mothers in public hospitals in southern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods Institution-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted on 318 (106 case and 212 controls) postnatal mothers in public hospitals of Southern Tigray from January to October 2019. We used a pretested, structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and a chart review to collect the data. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statically significant for both steps and an odds ratio with a 95% confidence level was used to see the strength of association. Results Abnormal third stage of labor [adjusted odds ratio = 5.86, 95% confidence interval (2.55–13.43), P = 000], cesarean section [adjusted odds ratio = 5.61, 95% confidence interval (2.79–11.30), P = 0.000], lack of active management of third-stage labor [adjusted odds ratio = 3.88; 95% confidence interval (1.29–11.60), P = 0.015], absence of labor monitoring by partograph [adjusted odds ratio = 3.82, 95% confidence interval (1.31–11.09), P = 0.014], lack of antenatal care [adjusted odds ratio = 2.76, 95% confidence interval (1.13–6.75), P = 0.026] and complications during pregnancy [adjusted odds ratio = 2.79, 95% confidence interval (1.34–5.83), P = 0.006] were found to be risk factors for primary postpartum hemorrhage. Conclusion In this study complications and lack of maternal health interventions in the course of the antepartum and the intrapartum period were found to be risk factors for primary postpartum hemorrhage. A strategy for improving essential maternal health services and detecting and handling complications in a timely manner will help to prevent primary postpartum hemorrhage.
Exact Type 1 Error Rates for Robustness of Student's t Test with Unequal Variances

It is noted that disagreements have arisen in the literature about the robustness of the t test in normal populations with unequal variances. Hsu's procedure is applied to determine exact Type I error rates for t. Employing fairly liberal but objective standards for assessing robustness, it is shown that the t test is not always robust to the assumption of equal population variances even when sample sizes are equal. Several guidelines are suggested including the point that to apply t at α = . 05 without regard for unequal variances would require equal sample sizes of at least 15 by one of the standards considered. In many cases, especially those with unequal N's, an alternative such as Welch's procedure is recommended.
Moments of the Arma-Egarch Model

This paper considers the moment structure of the general ARMA--EGARCH model. In particular, we derive the autocorrelation function of any positive integer power of the squared errors. In addition, we obtain the autocorrelations of the squares of the observed process and cross correlations between the levels and the squares of the observed process. Finally, the practical implications of the results are illustrated empirically using daily data on four East Asia Stock Indices. Copyright Royal Economic Society, 2003
RECIPROCAL UPPER SEMICONTINUITY AND BETTER REPLY SECURE GAMES: A COMMENT

A convex, compact, and possibly discontinuous better reply secure game has a Nash equilibrium. We introduce a very weak notion of continuity that can be used to establish that a game is better reply secure and we show that this notion of continuity is satisfied by a large class of games. Copyright The Econometric Society 2006.
Impact of convective downdrafts on model simulations: results from aqua-planet integrations

The role of convective scale downdrafts has been examined, using the NCAR-CAM3.0 aqua-planet configuration. We find that, convective downdrafts make the atmosphere more unstable thus increasing the convective available potential energy (CAPE) of the atmosphere. It is noticed that, although the rate of CAPE consumption increases with the incorporation of downdrafts, the generation of CAPE increases with a higher rate. Also, it is noted that there is a reduction in the deep convective rainfall, with the inclusion of downdrafts, which is primarily due to the re-evaporation of precipitation within the downdrafts. There is a large increase in the low cloud fraction and the shortwave cloud forcing with the inclusion of convective scale downdrafts in the cumulus scheme, which along with the evaporation within the downdraft causes cooling in the troposphere.
One data set, many analysts: Implications for practicing scientists

Researchers routinely face choices throughout the data analysis process. It is often opaque to readers how these choices are made, how they affect the findings, and whether or not data analysis results are unduly influenced by subjective decisions. This concern is spurring numerous investigations into the variability of data analysis results. The findings demonstrate that different teams analyzing the same data may reach different conclusions. This is the “many-analysts” problem. Previous research on the many-analysts problem focused on demonstrating its existence, without identifying specific practices for solving it. We address this gap by identifying three pitfalls that have contributed to the variability observed in many-analysts publications and providing suggestions on how to avoid them.
Graph Embedding and Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction

Traditionally, spectral methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) have been applied to many graph embedding and dimensionality reduction tasks. These methods aim to find low-dimensional representations of data that preserve its inherent structure. However, these methods often perform poorly when applied to data which does not lie exactly near a linear manifold. In this thesis, I present a set of novel graph embedding algorithms which extend spectral methods, allowing graph representations of high-dimensional data or networks to be accurately embedded in a low-dimensional space. I first propose minimum volume embedding (MVE) which, like other leading dimensionality reduction algorithms, first encodes the high-dimensional data as a nearest-neighbor graph, where the edge weights between neighbors correspond to kernel values between points, and then embeds this graph in a low-dimensional space. Next I present structure preserving embedding (SPE), an algorithm for embedding unweighted graphs where similarity between nodes is not known. SPE finds low-dimensional embeddings which explicitly preserve graph topology, meaning a connectivity algorithm, such as k-nearest neighbors, will recover the edges of the input graph from only the coordinates of the nodes after embedding. I further explore preserving graph structure during embedding, and find the concept applicable to dimensionality reduction, large-scale network visualization, and metric learning for link prediction. This thesis posits that simply preserving pairwise distances, as with many spectral methods, is insufficient for capturing the structure of many datasets and that preserving both local distances and graph topology is crucial for producing accurate low-dimensional representations of networks and high-dimensional data.
The Epigenetic Effects of Coffee

In this review, we discuss the recent knowledge regarding the epigenetic effects of coffee extract and the three essential active ingredients in coffee (caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid). As a popular beverage, coffee has many active ingredients which have a variety of biological functions such as insulin sensitization, improvement of sugar metabolism, antidiabetic properties, and liver protection. However, recent researches have shown that coffee is not only beneficial for human, but also bad, which may be due to its complex components. Studies suggest that coffee extract and its components can potentially impact gene expression via alteration of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNA expression; thus, exert long lasting impacts on the epigenome. More importantly, coffee consumption during pregnancy has been linked to multiple negative effects on offspring due to epigenetic modifications; on the other hand, it has also been linked to improvements in many diseases, including cancer. Therefore, understanding more about the epigenetic effects associated with coffee components is crucial to finding ways for improving human health.
An equivalent neutral wind observation operator for variational assimilation of scatterometer ocean surface wind data

This article describes a new observation operator developed for improved variational data assimilation of scatterometer ocean wind vectors. The forward operator is designed explicitly to take into account the equivalent neutral calibration of scatterometer wind retrievals. The corresponding tangent linear and adjoint (TL/AD) operators are developed for the calculation of near‐surface increments based explicitly on parametrizations of surface‐layer turbulent momentum transfer. Tangent linear and adjoint operators are formulated using the Jacobian of the forward operator estimated using the perturbation method. Various TL/AD configurations are investigated in more detail to assess the impact of sensitivities affecting the vertical gradient of surface‐layer temperature during assimilation of ocean surface wind data. It is argued that these sensitivities should be neglected in the context of a stand‐alone atmospheric prediction system. The complete form of the operator has, however, the potential to be a key component of a coupled atmosphere–ocean data assimilation system. Two data assimilation experiments were performed using distinct scatterometer observation operators, i.e. new equivalent neutral versus the simpler operational configuration using stability‐dependent (real) background winds. Associated medium‐range forecasts were run for a complete impact assessment. The impact of the new operator is tracked through the entire data assimilation and forecast process by comparing analyses and forecasts from both experiments. A significant sensitivity of the data assimilation system to the configuration of the observation operator has been found. Modest but beneficial impacts are obtained with the equivalent neutral wind observation operator with respect to short‐range forecasts of ocean surface winds and medium‐range forecasts of extratropical geopotential heights. © 2012 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
On the Divergence-free Condition and Conservation Laws in Numerical Simulations for Supersonic Magnetohydrodynamical Flows

An approach to maintain exactly the eight conservation laws and the divergence-free condition of magnetic fields is proposed for numerical simulations of multidimensional magnetohdyrodynamic (MHD) equations. The approach is simple and may be easily applied to both dimensionally split and unsplit Godunov schemes for supersonic MHD flows. The numerical schemes based on the approach are second-order accurate in both space and time if the original Godunov schemes are. As an example of such schemes, a scheme based on the approach and an approximate MHD Riemann solver is presented. The Riemann solver is simple and is used to approximately calculate the time-averaged flux. The correctness, accuracy, and robustness of the scheme are shown through numerical examples. A comparison in numerical solutions between the proposed scheme and a Godunov scheme without the divergence-free constraint implemented is presented.