Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spanish ecological battleground: population structure of two invasive fungi, Cryphonectria parasitica and Fusarium circinatum

Introduction Invasive fungi distributed worldwide through globalization have caused devastating diseases in different forests, causing economic and ecologic disturbances. Two such invasive species are Cryphonectria parasitica and Fusarium circinatum, which were introduced to Europe from North America, separated temporally: C. parasitica was introduced about nine decades ago, whereas F. circinatum was introduced around two decades ago. As C. parasitica had a longer time to undergo genetic changes, we hypothesized that it has higher genetic diversity than the recently introduced F. circinatum in Spain. In addition, we studied the genetic characterization of both fungi present in similar ecological conditions in Northern Spain with the aim of providing data for biocontrol measures. Methods Molecular genetic markers were used to test these hypotheses, including mating type and DNA sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. In addition, we used vegetative compatibility (VC) type markers in C. parasitica as the information about VC type is essential to apply biocontrol against the fungus. Results and discussion All the isolates of C. parasitica from the studied area belonged to only one VC type (EU-1) and one mating type (MAT-2). However, three distinct haplotypes of C. parasitica were identified through ITS sequencing, showing that multiple introductions might have happened to Cantabria. Among F. circinatum, no diversity was observed in ITS and MAT loci in the studied area but isolates from other Spanish regions showed the presence of both mating types. Overall, C. parasitica had higher genetic diversity than F. circinatum, despite both organisms appearing to reproduce clonally. This study helped understand the invasion patterns of C. parasitica and F. circinatum in northern Spain and will be useful in applying biocontrol measures against both pathogens.
Differences Between Scientific Experts and Residents of a Community in Columbus, OH in Perceptions of Brownfield Sites and Their Effects on Health

Brownfield sites, defined by the U.S. EPA as "real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant," are a problem in many urban areas. In addition to potential chemical hazards, they pose other experiential and physical hazards to the communities in which they exist. This community-based participatory research study examined the differences between residents of Weinland Park, a community in Columbus, Ohio and experts in environmental science about their perceptions of hazards, health impacts, necessary actions and methods of seeking information as they pertain to brownfields. Results suggested a need for comprehensive risk communication to build a common language between these lay and expert populations. While residents knew there were contaminated sites in their neighborhood, many did not know the term brownfields. Experts showed a greater familiarity with chemical hazards than residents, but both groups had similar perceptions of experiential and physical hazards. Both groups suggested that poverty can increase a population's vulnerability to health effects from brownfield sites due to prolonged exposure to chemicals and delayed action. Experts outlined process-based methods of communication including a community-based method called "porch chats. " Both groups
A literature review of content elements in supervision training courses

The main aim of this article is to explore, through a literature review, how five content elements identified in previous research (assessment, communication, ethics, feedback, and learning and supervision theories) are constituted in practical supervision settings and in educational supervision training for post-degree professionals. A further aim is to identify fields of tension in supervision when incorporating the elements in supervision. To address these aims, a literature review was undertaken with a focus on the content elements. The results show that the explored content elements have the potential to not only enhance supervision, but also point to the existence of generic supervision competences, which are valid for several professions. The results also present four fields of tension in supervision settings; these fields of tension imply challenges, such as the tension between theory and practice, and the tension between the supervisee’s autonomy and dependency. Based on the results, the article discusses practical implications for supervision training courses.
Integration of Hybrid Networks, AI, Ultra Massive-MIMO, THz Frequency, and FBMC Modulation Toward 6G Requirements: A Review

The fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications have been deployed in many countries with the following features: wireless networks at 20 Gbps as peak data rate, a latency of 1-ms, reliability of 99.999%, maximum mobility of 500 km/h, a bandwidth of 1-GHz, and a capacity of 106 up to Mbps/m2. Nonetheless, the rapid growth of applications, such as extended/virtual reality (XR/VR), online gaming, telemedicine, cloud computing, smart cities, the Internet of Everything (IoE), and others, demand lower latency, higher data rates, ubiquitous coverage, and better reliability. These higher requirements are the main problems that have challenged 5G while concurrently encouraging researchers and practitioners to introduce viable solutions. In this review paper, the sixth-generation (6G) technology could solve the 5G limitations, achieve higher requirements, and support future applications. The integration of multiple access techniques, terahertz (THz), visible light communications (VLC), ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output ( $\mu {\mathrm{ m}}$ -MIMO), hybrid networks, cell-free massive MIMO, and artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) have been proposed for 6G. The main contributions of this paper are a comprehensive review of the 6G vision, KPIs (key performance indicators), and advanced potential technologies proposed with operation principles. Besides, this paper reviewed multiple access and modulation techniques, concentrating on Filter-Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) as a potential technology for 6G. This paper ends by discussing potential applications with challenges and lessons identified from prior studies to pave the path for future research.
REM Sleep Loss-Induced Elevated Noradrenaline Plays a Significant Role in Neurodegeneration: Synthesis of Findings to Propose a Possible Mechanism of Action from Molecule to Patho-Physiological Changes

Wear and tear are natural processes for all living and non-living bodies. All living cells and organisms are metabolically active to generate energy for their routine needs, including for survival. In the process, the cells are exposed to oxidative load, metabolic waste, and bye-products. In an organ, the living non-neuronal cells divide and replenish the lost or damaged cells; however, as neuronal cells normally do not divide, they need special feature(s) for their protection, survival, and sustenance for normal functioning of the brain. The neurons grow and branch as axons and dendrites, which contribute to the formation of synapses with near and far neurons, the basic scaffold for complex brain functions. It is necessary that one or more basic and instinct physiological process(es) (functions) is likely to contribute to the protection of the neurons and maintenance of the synapses. It is known that rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), an autonomic instinct behavior, maintains brain functioning including learning and memory and its loss causes dysfunctions. In this review we correlate the role of REMS and its loss in synaptogenesis, memory consolidation, and neuronal degeneration. Further, as a mechanism of action, we will show that REMS maintains noradrenaline (NA) at a low level, which protects neurons from oxidative damage and maintains neuronal growth and synaptogenesis. However, upon REMS loss, the level of NA increases, which withdraws protection and causes apoptosis and loss of synapses and neurons. We propose that the latter possibly causes REMS loss associated neurodegenerative diseases and associated symptoms.
Combination of Lidar Intensity and Texture Features Enable Accurate Prediction of Common Boreal Tree Species With Single Sensor UAS Data

We evaluated the performance of unmanned aerial system (UAS) airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) data in the species classification of pine, spruce, and broadleaf trees. Classifications were conducted with three machine learning (ML) approaches (multinomial logistic regression, random forest, and multilayer perceptron) using features computed from automatically segmented point clouds that represent individual trees. Trees were segmented from the point cloud using a marker-controlled watershed algorithm, and two types of features were computed for each segment: intensity and texture. Textural features were computed from gray-level co-occurrence matrices built from horizontal cross sections of the point cloud. Intensity features were computed as the average intensity values within voxels. The classification accuracies were validated on 39 rectangular $30\times30$ m field plots using leave-one-plot out cross-validation. The results showed only very small differences in the classification performance between different ML approaches. Intensity features provided greater classification accuracy (kappa 0.73–0.77) than textural features (kappa 0.60–0.64). However, the best classification results (kappa 0.81) were achieved when both intensity and textural features were used. Feature importance in different ML approaches was also similar. We conclude that the accurate classification of the three tree species considered in this study is possible using single-sensor UAS lidar data.
THE EFFECT OF RELIGIOSITY AND SOCIAL SUPPORT ON MARRIAGE READINESS IN THE YOUNG ADULT AGE GROUP

Indonesia has experienced a decline in marriage rates in the last ten years. Religiosity and social support have an important role in preparing individuals for marriage. This study aims to analyze the influence of young adult characteristics, family characteristics, religiosity, social support, on marital readiness in the young adult age group. The research design used was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. This study involved unmarried young adults aged 21 to 30 years. Respondents in this study totaled 60. The research location was in the Central Bogor Sub-district, Bogor City, West Java. Nonprobability sampling was conducted using purposive sampling technique. The results of the t test obtained a significant difference between the religiosity of men and women. The correlation test shows that there is a significant positive relationship between respondents' age, number of families, religiosity, social support and marital readiness. The regression test results show that income, number of family members, and religiosity have a significant positive effect on marital readines.
Analysis of the Spatio-Temporal Evolution
Characteristics and Driving Factors of the Coupled
and Coordinated Development of China’s
New Urbanization and Ecological
Environment

The coupled and coordinated development of new urbanization and ecological environment holds significant importance for China’s sustainable and high-quality economic and social development. By constructing an index system for new urbanization and ecological environment, and utilizing a coupled coordination degree model, the coupled coordination degrees of new urbanization and ecological environment were calculated for 31 provinces and municipalities in China. Subsequently, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of the coupled coordination levels between the two systems were analyzed using non-parametric kernel density estimation and geographic detector models. The results indicate the following: (1) The overall coupled coordination degree of the two systems in the country transformed from a mildly imbalanced state to a barely coordinated state. The coupled coordination degrees of the two systems exhibit a “east-central-west” descending distribution pattern across the three major regions, with distinct temporal and internal differences. (2) The overall, eastern, and central regions show a decreasing trend in the improvement rate and imbalance level of the coupled coordination, while the western region exhibits an increasing trend in both improvement rate and imbalance level. The phenomenon of regional divergence between the eastern and western regions is evident. (3) Economic development, social security, technological innovation, industrial structure, market environment, government capacity, and openness to the outside world have significant influences on the coupled coordination of the two systems. The interaction among factors is stronger than the individual effects of each factor, highlighting the need to pay more attention
Nisin Purification from a Cell-Free Supernatant by Electrodialysis in a Circular Economy Framework

Nisin, an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis strains, is a promising natural preservative for the food industry and an alternative to antibiotics for the pharmaceutical industry against Gram-positive bacteria. Nisin purification is commonly performed using salting out and chromatographic techniques, which are characterized by their low yields, the use of solvents and the production of large volumes of effluents. In the present work, the purification of nisin from a cell-free supernatant (CFS), after the production of nisin by fermentation on a whey permeate medium, was studied using ammonium sulfate precipitation and electrodialysis (ED) as a promising eco-friendly process for nisin purification. Results showed an increase in nisin precipitation using a 40% ammonium sulfate saturation (ASS) level with a purification fold of 73.8 compared with 34.5 and no purification fold for a 60% and 20% ASS level, respectively. The results regarding nisin purification using ED showed an increase in nisin purification and concentration fold, respectively, of 21.8 and 156 when comparing the final product to the initial CFS. Nisin-specific activity increased from 75.9 ± 4.4 to 1652.7 ± 236.8 AU/mg of protein. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of ED coupled with salting out for nisin purification compared with common techniques. Furthermore, the process was noteworthy for its relevance in a circular economy scheme, as it does not require any solvents and avoids generating polluting effluents. It can be employed for the purification of nisin and the recovery of salts from salting out, facilitating their reuse in a circular economy.
Market Entry and Dynamic Quality Competition

This paper examines high-speed mobile network investments in a market challenged by a new entry that induced a breakdown of incumbents’ practice of locking in customers with high switching costs. The entry led to both diminished market power and extended rivalry among the incumbents, two forces known to generate opposite incentives for firm’s investments in product innovation. We explore which of the two effects prevailed by estimating a dynamic model of innovation competition where the sizes of locked-in demand are determined by the network’s pricing and investment strategies. We find evidence that the entry had adverse effect on the incumbents’ investment despite the product-market competition softened by consumer switching costs.
Parenting style and students’ happiness in China

This study examined the dynamic between perceived authoritarian parenting style (PAPS), and subjective wellbeing (SWB) among purposively recruited 423 college students in China. Expectancy value beliefs (EVB), fear of failure (FOF), and competitiveness were taken as mediators. The data were analyzed using Bootstrap method of 5000 sample and 95% confidence interval. The results revealed a significant negative total effect of PAPS on SWB. Additionally, two indirect paths were found to be significant: the mediation of FOF (Path 2) and the serial mediation of FOF and competitiveness (Path 6). These findings suggest that the perception of authoritarian parenting style is a negative predictor of students' happiness, and that FOF and competitiveness played important mediating roles in this relationship. These findings have important implications for educators, parents, and policymakers who aim to promote positive academic and personal outcomes for college students. The results suggest the need for interventions that address the negative impact of PAPS on students' wellbeing, and the importance of fostering positive beliefs about the value of education and academic achievement, as well as reducing FOF and promoting healthy competition.
Geometry and timing of deformation inside a structural arc; the case of the western Emilian folds (Northern Apennine front, Italy)

Structural arcs are very common at the front of mountain belts. The complexity of their internal structures, typically non-cylindrical, is mainly due to the presence of tectonic elements (lateral ramps, strike-slip faults) oblique to the main trend of the belt. In this paper we analyse subsurface data in order to give a quantitative description of a lateral ramp affecting the Northern Apennine front inside the arcuate Emilian folds. A structural contour map of the basal thrust separating the uppermost Apennine tectonic units from the lower ones, and two regional cross-sections, were used to describe and date the interaction of tectonic and sedimentary events that led to the building of the chain. Starting from the Messinian, a deep-seated thrust was responsible for the external buried structures. The tectono-sedimentary activity in the Po Plain subsurface has been going on till the beginning of Quaternary.
with Diffuse Gliomas MRI Predicts Overall Survival in Patients A Prognostic Model Based on Preoperative

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffuse gliomas are classiﬁed as grades II–IV on the basis of histologic features, with prognosis determined mainly by clinical factors and histologic grade supported by molecular markers. Our aim was to evaluate, in patients with diffuse gliomas, the relationship of relative CBV and ADC values to overall survival. In addition, we also propose a prognostic model based on preoperative MR imaging ﬁndings that predicts survival independent of histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the preoperative diffusion and perfusion MR imaging in 126 histologically conﬁrmed diffuse gliomas. Median relative CBV and ADC values were selected for quantitative analysis. Survival univariate analysis was made by constructing survival curves by using the Kaplan-Meier method and comparing subgroups by log-rank probability tests. A Cox regression model was made for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The study included 126 diffuse gliomas (median follow-up of 14.5 months). ADC and relative CBV values had a signiﬁcant inﬂuence on overall survival. Median overall survival for patients with ADC (cid:2) 0.799 (cid:3) 10 (cid:4) 3 mm 2 /s was (cid:2) 1 year. Multivariate analysis revealed that patient age, relative CBV, and ADC values were associated with survival independent of pathology. The preoperative model provides greater ability to predict survival than that obtained by histologic grade alone. CONCLUSIONS: ADC values had a better correlation with overall survival than relative CBV values. A preoperative prognostic model based on patient age, relative CBV, and ADC values predicted overall survival of patients with diffuse gliomas independent of pathology. This preoperative model provides a more accurate predictor of survival than histologic grade alone.
Surgical Outcome of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft in Patients Surgical Outcome of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft in Patients with Previous Coronary Stenting with Previous Coronary Stenting

Background: With the advancement of percutaneous coronary interventions, patients are presenting to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) older, with several co-morbidities and with prior coronary stenting. The outcome of surgery after stenting continues to be debated. We evaluated the surgical outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with previous coronary stenting. Material and Methods: This prospective cohort study included 50 patients with previous coronary stent who underwent CABG between February 2016 and June 2017. Thirty-eight patients were males (76%), and the mean age was 57.66±8.81 years. The mean ejection fraction was 41.43±9.25%. Forty-six patients (92%) had previous one stent, and 4 patients (8%) had 2 stents. Results: Nineteen patients had in-stent restenosis (38%), and 31 patients had new lesions (62%). Seven patients had lesions distal to the site of the stent (14%). The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 102.66±25.34 minutes. Two patients needed an intraoperative intra-aortic pump and four in the ICU. Five patients (10%) developed acute myocardial infarction. Operative mortality occurred in 4 patients (8%); one patient (2%) had an acute renal failure. Ejection fraction at 6 months post-discharge showed an increase compared to the preoperative value (41.43±9.25%- 44.78±6.99%, P= 0.013). Mortality occurred more frequently in patients with IABP and in patients who had MI and renal failure. Mortality was not associated with in-stent stenosis. Conclusions : Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with prior coronary stenting could be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Proper management of coronary artery disease is essential to decrease the risk of future intervention.
Reciprocity between narrative, questioning and imagination in the early and primary years: examining the role of narrative in possibility thinking

The concept of Possibility Thinking (PT) as a driving force of creativity has been investigated both conceptually and empirically for over a decade in early years settings and primary classrooms in England. In the first wave of qualitative empirical studies, play formed part of the enabling context. Criteria for episode selection for PT analysis were that episodes exhibited children immersed in sustained focused playful activity. During the second wave of PT studies, the research team’s attention was drawn to children’s imaginative storying in such playful contexts and it emerged that consideration of narrative in PT might prove fruitful. The current paper revisits key published work, and drawing on data previously analysed for features of PT, seeks to explore how narrative might relate to the current theorised framework. Fourteen published PT episodes are re-analysed in order to consider the role and construction of narrative in PT. The new analysis reveals that narrative plays a foundational role in PT, and that reciprocal relationships exist between questioning, imagination and narrative, layered between children and adults. Consequences for nurturing children’s creativity and for future PT research are explored.