Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of memory in the acquisition of vocabulary and grammar in the first language and in English as a foreign language

: Previous studies showed that phonological short-term and working memory spans are related to vocabulary and grammar learning in children learning a second language. Typically, short-term storage, as measured by simple span tasks such as non-word repetition, are connected to vocabulary learning. Grammar learning is generally linked to the working memory system. This system is often tested by complex span tasks that require participants to process and store information simultaneously. Yet, few studies have investigated the role of both memory mechanisms in native and foreign vocabulary and grammar learning longitudinally. The current study determines whether phonological short-term and verbal working memory spans contribute differentially to the acquisition of vocabulary and grammar in Dutch as a first language (L1) and in English as a foreign language (EFL). The participants for this study are monolingual Dutch children ( N = 138), in grades 4 and 5 (aged 9;0 – 11;0), learning EFL in the classroom. An L1 and an EFL non-word repetition task were used to measure phonological short-term memory and verbal working memory was measured with a backward digit span task. Receptive vocabulary and production of grammatical knowledge was measured in Dutch and in English, as well as receptive grammar in English. The data indicated that when the same children are longitudinally followed in both L1 and EFL, only past performance is important for L1 vocabulary learning. Phonological short-term memory does not contribute to L1 vocabulary. As expected, working memory span significantly predicts L1 grammar learning. For EFL vocabulary learning, past performance is most important; L1 vocabulary has a smaller but independent role and in line with previous research, phonological short-term memory also has an independent role. For both receptive and productive EFL grammar learning, contrary to expectations
Corneal Stromal Depth of the Demarcation Line After Accelerated Corneal Stromal Depth of the Demarcation Line After Accelerated Versus Conventional Cross-Linking Versus Conventional Cross-Linking

Background : Keratoconus is one of ectatic corneal disease which is marked by central corneal scarring, apical corneal thinning, visual impairment, and corneal steepening. Its exact etiology is unknown. Aim and objectives : To assess the depth of the corneal stromal demarcation line (A measure of the depth of the cross-linking therapy into the stroma is thought to exist in the transition zone between the treated anterior corneal stroma and the untreated posterior corneal stroma) 6 after conventional crosslinking versus accelerated crosslinking after one and three months postoperative. Subjects and methods : In Cairo, Egypt ' s Kobri El Qobba Military Specialized Eye Hospital, this prospective, randomized, comparative, cross-sectional research was carried out. The 40 eyes with progressive keratoconus used in this research were split into two groups, each of which had 20 eyes: group 1: 20 eyes had accelerated cross-linking, and group 2: 20 eyes had conventional (standard) cross-linking. Results : The demarcation line and K max at 1-month and 3-months postoperative showed no statistically substantial variation between the two study groups. Conclusion : A safe and effective therapy for advancing keratoconus is cross-linking. At all times, rapid CXL was equivalent to traditional CXL, and both types of CXL considerably increased CCT and demarcation line depth.
A Comparison of the Motivations of Pre-degree and Degree A Comparison of the Motivations of Pre-degree and Degree Education Students for Becoming Teachers in Aotearoa New Education Students for Becoming Teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand Zealand

: In New Zealand the Ministry of Education is committed to attracting and retaining ‘high quality individuals’ to the teaching profession who represent the diverse cultural and socio-economic communities in the country. One way to achieve this has been through the provision of multiple pathways into initial teacher education (ITE). Such pathways provide access for students significantly underrepresented in Teacher Education. This research sought to investigate and compare the motivation of students enrolled on the Certificate of Introduction to Early Childhood Education (ECE) or the Bachelor of Education (BEd) Primary and ECE specialism. As other research has suggested, there is a correlation between student motivation to teach and their success in ITE programmes, through to being qualified and working in the teaching profession. Qualitative and quantitative data was gathered from a questionnaire and focus groups, using semi-structured questions to expand on questionnaire responses. Findings from data sources highlighted that, despite the differences in academic achievement on entry between both groups, motivations for pursuing teaching as a career were remarkably similar, showing comparable responses in relation to altruistic, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Querying For Actions Over Videos

Several recent works address challenges concerning declarative query processing over videos. Data research encompasses issues related to the presence of certain types of objects on video frames. In this paper, we introduce algorithms that enable queries involving objects as well as actions over videos. We first consider the case of queries involving a number of objects and an action over a streaming video in the absence of preprocessing. In this case, we introduce algorithms ( SVAQ and SVAQD ) for identifying video segments that satisfy the query predicates on the fly. We then consider the offline case, during which a number of videos are amenable to a single-time preprocessing in order to answer adhoc queries of the type discussed in this paper. In this case, we detail the types of preprocessing required and introduce al-gorithm RVAQ that produces effectively top-k video segments satisfying the query for user specified ranking functions. Our overall approach and algorithms are grounded on sound statistical principles, being adaptive to the underlying video properties, while utilizing state-of-the-art black box object and action detection models. We present the results of a thorough experimental evaluation utilizing real benchmark videos and real-world movies. Our results indicate that our algorithms attain superior accuracy while offering substantial performance advantages compared to other applicable approaches.
Hemoglobin changes as a Marker of Blood Volume changes in Hemoglobin changes as a Marker of Blood Volume changes in Hemodialysis Patients Hemodialysis Patients

Background : Hemodialysis patients routinely employ relative blood volume (RBV) monitoring to direct ﬂ uid management and enhance cardiovascular stability. Aim : In order to determine how estimates of relative blood volume changes may vary based on the monitoring method, the current study sought to examine changes in hematocrit, haemoglobin, or total blood protein concentration in patients receiving normal maintenance hemodialysis. Subject and methods : This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out at the Nephrology Departments of Al Hussien University Hospitals and Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital. The study was conducted over a one-year period, from September 2021 to September 2022. Results : Globulin level showed an increase after hemodialysis as it increased from 2.93 g/dl before hemodialysis up to 3.3 g/dl after it. Nonetheless, that rise was considered statistically insigni ﬁ cant (( P ¼ 0.181). Conclusion : With a considerable decrease in serum urea, hemodialysis is linked to a signi ﬁ cant rise in haemoglobin, total plasma protein, and total blood protein. After the hemodialysis setting, the prior parameters could be utilised to track changes in blood volume.
The Effects of Callianassa Bioturbation on the Preservation of Carbonate Grains in Davies Reef Lagoon, Great Barrier Reef, Australia

ABSTRACT Coring, air-life excavation, and tracer-sediment experiments in the lagoon-floor sediments of Davies Reef revealed that callianassid shrimp had produced, during their feeding, a 5-60-cm-thick surface layer of moderately to poorly sorted gravel-free sediment, above very poorly sorted gravelrich sediment. The subsurface gravel is epilithic in origin close to reef framework but consists predominantly of infaunal molluscs through most of the lagoon. These infaunal skeletons tend to be buried rapidly in a well-preserved state escaping the microboring that attacks all grains on the surface. Two geologically significant points emerge; first, the surface layer will not get preserved in its present form and any analyses of surface samples can give a false impression of the accumulating sedimen pile and the prevailing hydraulic regime, and second, the combination of continuous fine-sediment recycling and surface microboring can lead to a bias in the fossil-reefal limestone record, with epilithic organisms seemingly subordinate to infaunal molluscs.
How to Increase Job Satisfaction of Bank Employees?

This study aims to determine the effect of the work environment, compensation and work discipline on job satisfaction among employees of PT. Regional Development Bank, Tbk. Jember Branch. The study population was all employees of PT. Regional Development Bank, Tbk. Jember Branch with a total of 66 employees, all of whom were used as samples in this study. Validity and reliability tests are used to test the measurement tools in the form of questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling Analysis (SEM) is used to determine the effect of the influence of the work environment, compensation and work discipline on job satisfaction. The results showed that the work environment had no significant effect on job satisfaction. Compensation has no significant effect on job satisfaction. Work discipline has a significant effect on employee job satisfaction.
REAL-TIME TRANSACTION SCHEDULING: A COST-CONSCIOUS APPROACH By DONG-KWEON HONG A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Ful llment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science REAL-TIME TRANSACTION SCHEDULING: A COST-CONSCIOUS APPROACH By DONG-KWEON HONG DECEMBER, 1992 Chairman: Dr. Sharma Chakravarthy Cochairman: Dr. Theodore Johnson Major Department: Computer and Information Sciences Real-time databases are an increasingly important component of embedded realtime systems. In a real-time database context, transactions must not only maintain the consistency constraints of the database but also satisfy the timing constraints speci ed for each transaction. Although several approaches have been proposed to integrate real-time scheduling and database concurrency control methods, none of them take into account the dynamic cost of scheduling a transaction as proposed in this thesis. In this thesis, we propose a new cost-conscious pre-analysis based realtime transaction scheduling algorithm which considers dynamic costs associated with a transaction. Our dynamic priority assignment algorithm adapts to changes in the system load without causing excessive numbers of transaction restarts. CHAPTER
Physical Guides: An Analysis of 3D Sketching Performance on Physical Objects in Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality (AR) lets users sketch 3D designs directly attached to existing physical objects. These objects provide natural haptic feedback whenever the pen touches them, and, unlike in VR, there is no need to digitize the physical object first. Especially in Personal Fabrication, this lets non-professional designers quickly create simple 3D models that fit existing physical objects. We studied how accurately visual lines and concave/convex surfaces let users draw 3D shapes attached to physical vs. virtual objects in AR. Results show that tracing physical objects is 48% more accurate, but takes longer than tracing virtual objects. Concave physical edges further improve accuracy due to their haptic guidance. Our findings provide initial metrics when designing AR sketching systems.
Reliability and Sensitivity of the Notio Device and Aer-oscale Service to Quantify Cyclists’ Drag Coeﬀicients in Outdoor Conditions

: Notio is a device based on a wind sensor which offers estimates of the C d A (drag coefficient multiplied by the area) of the pair cyclist and bike. Notio is used with a specific analysis software, which computes C d A estimates after a ride. The Aeroscale Company proposes a half-day service with their own wind sensor and experimental protocol, to also deliver estimates of the C d A. In both cases, the main objective of a wind sensor is to give estimates in outdoor conditions. The a eroscale specificity is that all experiments are done without any power sensor, in freewheel. In our study, we experimented Notio device and software as well as Aeroscale Service through an incremental protocol with increasing disks, which led us to obtain sensitivity measure precisions of 4.8% for Notio and 0.5% for Aeroscale, with good reliabilities (ICC=0.98 for Notio and 0.93 for Aeroscale).
Identification of Dermatophytes Isolated from Tinea Capitis Identification of Dermatophytes Isolated from Tinea Capitis Patients and Their in vitro Susceptibility to Terbinafine Patients and Their in vitro Susceptibility to Terbinafine

Background: Tinea capitis is an infection caused by dermatophyte fungi of scalp hair follicles and the neighboring skin. Antifungal drugs as terbinafine that are used to treat dermatophytosis direct the ergosterol synthesis pathway Aim of the study: The current study aimed to identify species and in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of terbinafine on dermatophytes clinical isolates accompanied by sequencing of the highest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) isolates. Patients and Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Azhar Hospital outpatient clinic, in the period from the 1st of July 2019 to the 15th of July 2020. Samples from 50 patients diagnosed clinically as tinea capitis were taken for microscopic examination by KOH and lactophenol cotton blue and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar followed by in vitro susceptibility testing to terbinafine then sequencing of the highest MIC isolates. Results: The isolated dermatophyte species were 16 (32%) isolates of M. canis and 23(46%) isolates of T.violaceum . The MIC varied from 0.003-. 092 μg/ml for M.canis and from 0.005-0.116 μg/ml for T.violaceum . It was found in M. canis strain has two base variations with type strain from GenBank whereas T.violaceum strain has ten base variations in the two representative isolates with the highest MIC. Conclusion: T. violaceum was detected as the most common fungal species followed by M. canis . The MIC results to terbinafine showed sensitivity to the antifungal agents. By comparing the M. canis and T. violaceum isolates with type strain on GenBank, some base-pair substitutions were found.
Purdue e-Pubs Purdue e-Pubs

Training deep neural networks (DNNs) takes signifcant time and resources. A practice for expedited deployment is to use pre-trained deep neural networks (PTNNs), often from model zoosÐcollections of PTNNs; yet, the reliability of model zoos remains unexamined. In the absence of an industry standard for the implementation and performance of PTNNs, engineers cannot confdently incorporate them into production systems. As a frst step, discovering potential discrepancies between PTNNs across model zoos would reveal a threat to model zoo reliability. Prior works indicated existing variances in deep learning systems in terms of accuracy. However, broader measures of reliability for PTNNs from model zoos are unexplored. This work measures notable discrepancies between accuracy, latency, and architecture of 36 PTNNs across four model zoos. Among the top 10 discrepancies, we fnd diferences of 1.23%ś2. 62% in accuracy and 9%ś131% in latency. We also fnd mismatches in architecture for well-known DNN architectures ( e.g., ResNet and AlexNet). Our fndings call for future works on empirical validation, automated tools for measurement, and best practices for implementation.
SJFuzz: Seed and Mutator Scheduling for JVM Fuzzing

While the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) plays a vital role in ensuring correct executions of Java applications, testing JVMs via generating and running class files on them can be rather challenging. The existing techniques, e.g., ClassFuzz and Classming, attempt to leverage the power of fuzzing and differential testing to cope with JVM intricacies by exposing discrepant execution results among different JVMs, i.e., inter-JVM discrepancies, for testing analytics. However, their adopted fuzzers are insufficiently guided since they include no well-designed seed and mutator scheduling mechanisms, leading to inefficient differential testing. To address such issues, in this paper, we propose SJFuzz, the first JVM fuzzing framework with seed and mutator scheduling mechanisms for automated JVM differential testing. Overall, SJFuzz aims to mutate class files via control flow mutators to facilitate the exposure of inter-JVM discrepancies. To this end, SJFuzz schedules seeds (class files) for mutations based on the discrepancy and diversity guidance. SJFuzz also schedules mutators for diversifying class file generation. To evaluate SJFuzz, we conduct an extensive study on multiple representative real-world JVMs, and the experimental results show that SJFuzz significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art mutation-based and generation-based JVM fuzzers in terms of the inter-JVM discrepancy exposure and the class file diversity. Moreover, SJFuzz successfully reported 46 potential JVM issues, and 20 of them have been confirmed as bugs and 16 have been fixed by the JVM developers.
Demystifying the Composition and Code Reuse in Solidity Smart Contracts

As the development of Solidity smart contracts has increased in popularity, the reliance on external sources such as third-party packages increases to reduce development costs. However, despite the use of external sources bringing flexibility and efficiency to the development, they could also complicate the process of assuring the security of downstream applications due to the lack of package managers for standardized ways and sources. While previous studies have only focused on code clones without considering how the external components are introduced, the compositions of a smart contract and their characteristics still remain puzzling. To fill these gaps, we conducted an empirical study with over 350,000 Solidity smart contracts to uncover their compositions, conduct code reuse analysis, and identify prevalent development patterns. Our findings indicate that a typical smart contract comprises approximately 10 subcontracts, with over 80% of these originating from external sources, reflecting the significant reliance on third-party packages. For self-developed subcontracts, around 50% of the subcontracts have less than 10% unique functions, suggesting that code reuse at the level of functions is also common. For external subcontracts, though around 35% of the subcontracts are interfaces to provide templates for standards or protocols, an inconsistency in the use of subcontract types is also identified. Lastly, we extracted 61 frequently reused development patterns, offering valuable insights for secure and efficient smart contract development.
Distribution of Macrobenthic Fauna of Soft Substrata in Swartkops Estuary, with Observations On the Effects of Floods

The quantitative distribution of the macrofauna inhabiting soft substrata in the Swartkops estuary has been studied in relation to the prevailing abiotic and biotic factors. The most important factors limiting macrobenthic distribution appear to be substrate and competition between communities, while salinity plays only a small role. Four major communities have been recognized, each one dominating one reach of the estuary and a minor community dominating the silty heads of creeks. These communities are respectively a Callianassa community, an Upogebia community, a bivalve community and another Callianassa community as one proceeds from the mouth to the upper reaches. The creek community is dominated by four crustaceans and a goby. Biomass values have been recorded and related to the amounts of available food. The effects of floods on the fauna have also been monitored.
PRELIMINARY SEISMIC MICROZONATION OF BAM

After the devastating earthquake of 26 December 2003 in Bam, a discipline was followed to prepare a preliminary site effect microzonation map for the city. Seismic hazard studies for two return periods, geological studies accompanied by geophysical surveys and aftershock and microtremor measurements were carried out to provide site classification and PGA distribution maps. The results of this study show that reasonable agreements exist between the 2475 years PGA distribution map and the damage distribution map for the recent earthquake. The 475 years PGA microzonation maps could also be used as a preliminary useful hint in reconstruction and urban planning of the totally destroyed city.
Influence of Health Capital on Economic Growth: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

This study is aimed to examine the influence of health indicators on economic growth in Saudi Arabia using time series, for the period 1990 to 2018. The study uses the bound testing Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration to estimate the short-run and long-run relationships among the variables. It was observed that the health indicators, namely, health expenditure and life expectancy at birth have significant positive influence on economic growth in the long-run. The results also revealed that there was an inverse long-run relationship between life expectancy at birth and economic growth, however, it was statistically insignificant. While the explanatory variables (expenditure on health) maintain their hypothesized values in the long-run, as expected, the variable (life expectancy at birth) does not. The theoretical model also passed the diagnostic checks for best fit. In view of these findings, the study recommends Saudi authorities to benefit from investment in health. The government should enhance development of health sector and support a conducive environment to improve the health sector.
Towards Trustworthy Recommender Systems : An Analysis of Attack Models and Algorithm Robustness

Publicly-accessible adaptive systems such as collaborative recommender systems present a security problem. Attackers, who cannot be readily distinguished from ordinary users, may inject biased profiles in an attempt to force a system to “adapt” in a manner advantageous to them. Such attacks may lead to a degradation of user trust in the objectivity and accuracy of the system. Recent research has begun to examine the vulnerabilities and robustness of different collaborative recommendation techniques in the face of “profile injection” attacks. In this paper, we outline some of the major issues in building secure recommender systems, concentrating in particular on the modeling of attacks and their impact on various recommendation algorithms. We introduce several new attack models and perform extensive simulation-basedevaluation to show which attack models are most successful against common recommendation techniques. We consider both the overall impact on the ability of the system to make accurate predictions, as well as the degree of knowledge about the system required by the attacker to mount a realistic attack. Our study shows that both user-based and item-based algorithms are highly vulnerable to specific attack models, but that hybrid algorithms may provide a higher degree of robustness. Finally, we develop a novel classification-based framework for detecting attack profiles and show that it can be effective in neutralizing some attack types.