Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Report of an Eclipse From Chilean Ionosonde Observations: Comparison With Total Electron Content Estimations and the Modeled Maximum Electron Concentration and Its Height

The ionospheric responses to the total solar eclipse on 2 July 2019 over low latitudes in southern South America are presented. Ionosonde observations were used within the totality path at La Serena (LS: 29.9°S, 71.3°W) and at Tucumán (TU: 26.9°S, 65.4°W) and Jicamarca (JI: 12.0°S, 76.8°W), with 85% and 52% obscuration, respectively. Total electron content (TEC) estimations over the South American continent were analyzed. The ionospheric impact of the eclipse was simulated using the Sheffield University Plasmasphere‐Ionosphere Model (SUPIM) at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). The significant variability of the diurnal variations of the various ionospheric characteristics over equatorial and low latitudes on geomagnetically quiet days makes it difficult to unambiguously determine the ionospheric responses to the eclipse. Nonetheless, some specific issues can be derived, mainly using simulation results. The E and F1 layer critical frequencies and densities below 200 km are found to consistently depend on decreasing solar radiation. However, the F1 layer stratification observed at both TU and LS cannot be related to the eclipse or other processes. The F2 layer does not follow the changes in direct solar radiation during the eclipse. The SUPIM‐INPE‐modeled F region critical frequency and TEC are overestimated before the eclipse at LS and particularly at TU. However, these overestimations are within the observed large day‐to‐day variability. When an artificial prereversal enhancement is added, the simulations during the eclipse better reproduce the observations at JI, are qualitatively better for LS, and are out of phase for TU. The simulations are consistent with conjugate location effects.
An Experimental Study of Chemical Desorption for Phosphine in Interstellar Ice

Phosphine (PH3), an important molecule for the chemistry of phosphorus (P)-bearing species in the interstellar medium (ISM) is considered to form primarily on interstellar grains. However, no report exists on the processes of PH3 formation on grains. Here, we experimentally studied the reactions of hydrogen (H) atoms and PH3 molecules on compact amorphous solid water, with a particular focus on the chemical desorption of PH3 at 10–30 K. After exposure to H atoms for 120 minutes, up to 50% of solid PH3 was lost from the icy surface. On the basis of experiments using deuterium atoms, it was concluded that the loss of PH3 resulted from chemical desorption through the reactions PH3 + H → PH2 + H2 and/or PH2 + H → PH3. The effective desorption cross-section was ∼5 × 10−17 cm2, which is three times larger than that of hydrogen sulfide measured under similar experimental conditions. The present results suggest that the formation of PH3, and possibly PH2 and PH, followed by their desorption from icy grains, may contribute to the formation of PN and PO in the gas phase, and thus may play a role in the P chemistry of the ISM.
Patterns of Viral Clearance in the Natural Course of Asymptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Comparison with Symptomatic Nonsevere COVID-19.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to elucidate patterns of SARS-CoV-2 clearance in the natural course of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: Consecutive patients with nonsevere COVID-19 were retrospectively included. Asymptomatic patients with normal body temperature and no evidence of pneumonia throughout the disease course were classified in the asymptomatic group. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was repeated every two to five days after the first follow-up RT-PCR assay. Negative conversion was defined as two consecutive negative results of RT-PCR assays within a 24-h interval. Rebound of threshold cycle (Ct) value was defined as negative from the single RT-PCR assay and positive from the following assay. RESULTS: Among a total of 396 patients [age, 42.5 (25.0-55.0) years; males, 35.6%], 68 (17.2%) and 328 (82.8%) patients were in the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups, respectively. The time until negative conversion was significantly shorter in the asymptomatic group than in the symptomatic group [14.5 (11.0-21.0) days and 18.0 (15.0-22.0) days, respectively; p = 0.001]. Rebound of Ct values was observed in 78 patients (19.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Time until negative conversion is shorter in asymptomatic COVID-19 than in symptomatic COVID-19. Rebound of Ct values is not uncommon.
Outcomes in tibial diaphyseal fractures in adolescent age group managed by titanium elastic nailing system

Objectives: In this prospective study we studied radiological and functional outcomes of unstable tibial shaft fractures in adolescent age group that were managed by titanium elastic nailing. Although most pediatric tibial shaft fractures are managed by closed reduction and casting, surgical treatment may be required in unstable or open fractures. Titanium elastic nails (TENs) have emerged as a suitable surgical modality for pediatric tibia fractures owing to the benefits such as easy surgical technique, early weightbearing, early union and early discharge from hospital. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study we managed 25 patients of unstable tibial diaphyseal fractures by TENs nailing. The mean age at injury was 10 years and 6 days (range of 8–17) years. In each patient, ante-grade nailing was performed by inserting a TENs nail in the medial and another TENs nail in the lateral side of the proximal metaphysis. Modified Flynn’s criteria were used to assess union, alignment, leg-length inequality and complications. Results: All the patients’ fractures got united and the healing time was 10 weeks and 5 days in average. No case of nonunion or significant malunion or epiphyseal injury was encountered. No patient had a sagittal or coronal angulation of over 10°. Among patients with open fractures, four had superficial surgical site infections and one had a deep wound infection. All the infections were successfully treated with appropriate antibiotics. Patients with open fractures took longer time to heal than close fractures. Nearly full range of motion was achieved at knee and ankle in all cases. 16 (64%) patients had an excellent outcome, and 9 (36%) patients had a satisfactory outcome. Conclusion: For unstable tibial shaft fractures in adolescent age group, TENs is a safe and effective treatment modality. It is minimally –invasive, thus causes less soft tissue injury, short surgery time, rapid recovery and fewer complications.
The First Clinical Experience with the Use of the Tablet Form of Sodium Phosphate Colokit in Preparation for Colonoscopy in Russia

Objective: To study various methods of preparing the intestines for instrumental studies, to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of sodium phosphates NaP (Colokit) for cleaning the colon in clinical practice. Patients and Methods: We observed 63 patients and of these, 32 took the tablet form of NaP (Colokit). The control group consisted of 31 patients who were preparing for colonoscopy by the standard method using a two-mode preparation scheme with polyethylene glycol 4000. Results: Adequate use of the tablet form of NaP was observed in 84% of patients. Compliance with using tableted forms NaP (Colokit) was as high, especially among patients, to which matured earlier uses in all other drugs for bowel preparation. Conclusion: The use of Colokit (tablet form of NaP) in preparing the intestines for colonoscopy when compared with other cleaning methods showed good results both in the quality of preparation of patients and in the continuity of patients for this drug in preparation, as well as in the safety of its use, which is the same with data from other randomized trials.
Online bike: Role of perceived technology, perceived risk, and institution-based trust on service usage via online trust

Abstract This research aimed to analyze the effect of perceived technology, perceived risk, and institution-based trust on online trust and service usage of online bike-sharing services in Indonesia. As many as 200 respondents were chosen through systematical random sampling techniques. The data obtained were processed using descriptive method and structural equation modeling (SEM) through LISREL 8.7 software. The findings revealed that online trust were predicted by the perceived technology (path coefficient = 0.44; t-value = 11.27) and institution-based trust (path coefficient = 0.73; t-value = 15.47). However, the effect of perceived risk on online trust was not evident (t-value = 1.73). The service usage was determined by the perceived technology positively (path coefficient = 0.55; t-value = 11.25), perceived risk (path coefficient = −0.06; t-value = 3.56), and online trust (path coefficient = 0.05; t-value = 2.02). Also, perceived technology (path coefficient = 0.03; t-value = 2.05) and institution-based trust indirectly affected service usage via online trust (path coefficient = 0.04; t-value = 1.99). The Implications for experts and the governments as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Phyto-Mediated Catalyst, and Its Application for a Selective Oxidation of (VAL) into Vanillin under Visible Light

Here, we report an efficient and highly selective oxidation of lignin model substrate using phyto-mediated ZnFe2O4 nanoparticle using Boswellia carterii extract. The nanocatalyst with an average size of 8 nm showed excellent photocatalytic activity of the synthesized carbonyl containing products under visible light irradiation. The catalytic activity and selectivity towards oxidation of vanillyl alcohol to vanillin with selectivity up to 99% at conversion over 98% and turn-over frequency values up to 1600 h−1 were obtained in the presence of H2O2 and base. The cubic spinel nano-ZnFe2O4 catalyst was characterized by powder-XRD, FESEM, HR-TEM and Mössbauer analysis. The demonstrated catalyst was robust and stable under the reaction conditions. Furthermore, it was easy to be separated from the reaction mixture and be reused for subsequent reactions up to 5 times without significant reactivity or selectivity loss.
Thermodynamic and surface properties of liquid Ti–Al–Fe alloy at different temperatures

ABSTRACT Thermodynamic and surface properties of Ti-Al-Fe liquid ternary alloy have been assessed at temperatures 1873 K, 1973 K, 2073 K and 2173 K. The thermodynamic properties, such as activity have been studied using general solution model (GSM) and excess free energy of mixing has been studied using GSM, Kohler and Toop models. In surface properties, surface concentration has been computed using Butler’s equation and surface tension of the liquid alloy has been studied using all the four above mentioned models feeding the database of liquid Ti-Al, Al-Fe and Ti-Fe sub-binary systems. The values of surface tension computed using GSM and Toop model are in well agreement with each other at all concentrations. Moreover, the computed values of excess free energy of mixing and surface tension decrease at elevated temperatures from all corners and at all considered cross-sections indicating the decrease in mixing tendency of the alloy.
Biochar increases maize yield by promoting root growth in the rainfed region

ABSTRACT Although biochar amendment could increase crop yield globally, it remains unclear how biochar improves grain yield. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the role of plant roots in promoting crop growth under biochar amendment. The field experiment, started in 2015, was conducted in a rainfed region of North China. We hypothesized that biochar increases maize yield by promoting root growth. In the first year (2015), maize grain yield increased by 23.9% and 25.3% under biochar application rate of 20 and 40 t ha−1, respectively. Biochar increased the biomass of maize stalk and root and their potassium uptake significantly. The root morphology of maize also improved significantly following biochar amendment. Yet, the double increase in biochar application rate did not lead to any additional grain yield increase. The grain yield was positively correlated with the maize ear size, the soil organic carbon content, the biomass of maize stalk and root and their K uptake. In the second year (2016), however, biochar had no effect on the root morphology and the grain yield was not affected. Here we show that biochar increases maize yield by increasing maize ear size directly and by promoting root growth and nutrient uptake indirectly.
Self-Efficacy and Performance of Research Skills among First-Semester Bioscience Doctoral Students

Research skills, especially in experimental design, are essential for success in bioscience doctoral training. While there is a growing body of literature on the development of research skills among science, technology, engineering, and mathematics doctoral students, very little is specific to biosciences. We seek to address this gap by characterizing aptitude and self-perceived facility with research skills among incoming bioscience doctoral students, as well as how and why they change over the first semester of doctoral training. Our results reveal variability in research skills self-efficacy and a wide range in aptitude and self-perceived facility with experimental design at the beginning of the semester, both of which are uncorrelated with the duration of predoctoral research experience. We found that students significantly improved in both experimental design performance and research skills self-efficacy over their first semester; students attributed their experience and comfort with experimental design to a variety of factors, including laboratory research, course work, mentoring, and interaction with colleagues. Notably, we found that the largest research skills self-efficacy gains were aligned with material that was covered in students’ first-year course work about experimental design. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of explicit training in experimental design and other research skills early in bioscience doctoral training.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Are Medical Students in AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia Interested?

This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of medical students toward complementary and alternative medicine. A cross-sectional design was used, in which a total of 319 fourth- to sixth-year medical students at a local university hospital participated in self-administered questionnaires during the academic year of 2018-2019. The questionnaire assessed levels of perceived knowledge, attitude, and willingness to recommend complementary and alternative therapies. It showed that most students (95.6%) have heard of complementary and alternative medicine previously, and 74.6% of students held a positive attitude toward it. The majority had perceived knowledge about nutritional supplements (63.2%), prayer (60.9%), and yoga/meditation (60.9%), but less than 50% had perceived knowledge about other common therapies. Only 8.7% of the participants thought that their current knowledge about complementary and alternative medicine is adequate. Students were willing to recommend therapies that they were most familiar with, namely prayer (82%), massage (74%), and yoga/meditation (72.6%). Most students (60.5%) got their information about complementary and alternative medicine from the university curriculum. Yet, they did not believe that it provided them with adequate information. In conclusion, medical students showed a positive attitude toward complementary and alternative medicine despite their limited perceived knowledge. We recommend incorporating a complementary and alternative medicine course in the medical curricula that focuses on common therapies in Saudi Arabia.
Sustainability Outcomes of Green Processes in Relation to Industry 4.0 in Manufacturing: Systematic Review

Green processes are very important for the implementation of green technologies in production to achieve positive sustainability outcomes in the Industry 4.0 era. The scope of the paper is to review how conventional green processes as a part of Industry 4.0 provide sustainability outcomes in manufacturing. The paper is based on the methodology of systematic literature review through the content analysis of literary resources. Twenty-nine studies were included in our content analysis. The results show the main focus of current literature related to Industry 4.0, sustainability outcomes and green processes. The authors present a conceptual Sustainability Green Industry 4.0 (SGI 4.0) framework that helps to structure and evaluate conventional green processes in relation to Industry 4.0 and sustainability. The study summarizes which technologies (big data, cyber-physical systems, Industrial Internet of Things and smart systems) and green processes (logistics, manufacturing and product design) are important for achieving a higher level of sustainability. The authors found that the most often common sustainability outcomes are energy saving, emission reduction, resource optimalization, cost reduction, productivity and efficiency and higher economic performance, human resources development, social welfare and workplace safety. The study suggests implications for practice, knowledge and future research.
Grain Yield Stability of New Bread Wheat Genotypes ( Triticum aestivum L.) under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions

FORTY-TWO bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated in eight environments in Egypt: two locations and two planting dates during the two 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 growing seasons. The objectives of this study were to estimate grain yield, number of spikes plant-1, 1000-kernel weight and plant height of these 42 bread wheat genotypes under different environments and to determine their stabilities. Combined analysis shows that most mean squares was attributed to environmental effects, indicating that environments were diverse, with large differences among environmental means causing most of variation in grain yield and the other studied traits. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for grain yield and the other traits, indicating that the existence of inherent genetic variability and point to the possibility of selecting a stable wheat genotypes . Mean squares due to Geno x Env were highly significant for all studied traits, indicating that there are substantial differences in genotypic response across environments. Mean squares due to genotypes were significant for all studied traits. Mean squares of E+ (GxE) were highly significant for all studied traits. Linear components of genotype-environment interaction were significant or highly significant for all studied traits. The highest-yielding genotypes overall environment were G21 (360.25g), G15 (349.52g) and G13 (303.96g) and did not differ significantly from check variety Giza-168 (341.76g). Six genotypes namely, G13, G21, Giza-168 Shand-1, misr-1 and Sahel-1 showed better general adaptability across environments.
Complejidad e inclusividad del comportamiento intrasituacional: Análisis empírico

Ribes and Lopez's (1985) taxonomy proposed that psychological behavior is progressively complex and inclusive. In that respect, there is little research and data are not robust. A study was conducted with the purpose to increase data related to the complexity and inclusivity of the three less complex behaviors of the taxonomy, with three training sequences, namely: 1) ascending (contextual-supplementary-selector), 2) descending-ascending (supplementary -contextual-selector) and 3) descending (selector-supplementary-contextual). The objective was to evaluate the effect of the interaction history (related to training sequences) on differential (contextual), effective (supplementary) and precise (selector) behavior adjustment process.Results showed that a greater number of training sessions were required to improve the performance in functional organizations with greater complexity when participants lacked an interaction history related to programmed contingencies. But, when the interaction history participated in the functional organization, as a previous interaction with the contingencies, a facilitating effect was found in the behavioral adjustment, regardless of whether the transition was ascending or descending. It is discussed whether the increase in the number of sessions is related to the complexity of each level of functional organization. Regarding the functional training transitions, ascending and descending, its effects on facilitation in learning are discussed in relation to the assumption of functional inclusivity.
Scales for Assessing News Literacy Education in the Digital Era

Concerns about “fake news,” misinformation, and disinformation have led to increasingly urgent calls for News Literacy (NL) education interventions and assessments of their effectiveness. New technologies create ongoing changes in the ways people consume news, which means that NL education assessments must be continuously updated and adapted to address current trends. The purpose of this study was to augment existing NL assessments to incorporate recent aspects of hard news consumption in digital news environments by testing two new scales: the Headline Literacy Scale and the Hard News Standards Knowledge Scale. The results demonstrated both scales were reliable and valid.
Li Partitioning Into Coccoliths of Emiliania huxleyi: Evaluating the General Role of “Vital Effects” in Explaining Element Partitioning in Biogenic Carbonates

Emiliania huxleyi cells were grown in artificial seawater of different Li and Ca concentrations and coccolith Li/Ca ratios determined. Coccolith Li/Ca ratios were positively correlated to seawater Li/Ca ratios only if the seawater Li concentration was changed, not if the seawater Ca concentration was changed. This Li partitioning pattern of E. huxleyi was previously also observed in the benthic foraminifer Amphistegina lessonii and inorganically precipitated calcite. We argue that Li partitioning in both E. huxleyi and A. lessonii is dominated by a coupled transmembrane transport of Li and Ca from seawater to the site of calcification. We present a refined version of a recently proposed transmembrane transport model for Li and Ca. The model assumes that Li and Ca enter the cell via Ca channels, the Li flux being dependent on the Ca flux. While the original model features a linear function to describe the experimental data, our refined version uses a power function, changing the stoichiometry of Li and Ca. The version presented here accurately predicts the observed dependence of DLi on seawater Li/Ca ratios. Our data demonstrate that minor element partitioning in calcifying organisms is partly mediated by biological processes even if the partitioning behavior of the calcifying organism is indistinguishable from that of inorganically precipitated calcium carbonate.