Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis in attenuated Salmonella : a potential oral anthrax vaccine

Anthrax is a disease of animals and man caused by Bacillus anthracis. The Protective Antigen (PA) of B. anthracis can induce protective immunity and is a candidate vaccine antigen, but current vaccines are not ideal. Live vaccine vectors, such as the aromatic amino acid Salmonella mutants, are capable of delivering antigens to the immune system and stimulating immune responses. The aim of this project was to develop a recombinant S. typhimurium expressing PA and to evaluate the protective immune responses generated in mice. Native PA was expressed at low levels in S. typhimurium. Various approaches to increasing expression were tried including changing the promoter, expressing the 63 kDa C-terminal fragment of PA as a fusion protein and expressing this fragment after a signal sequence. Altering the B. anthracis PA promoter to the E. coli lac promoter increased expression of PA which was exported with the B. anthracis signal sequence. The cytoplasmically located PA fragment was unstable and was not successfully exported by the signal sequence. The recombinant organisms were evaluated to select one for in vivo study. Many phagemids were unstable without ampicillin selection and an attempt to stabilise one with the cer region was not successful. Two constructs were chosen for animal work. Recombinant PA was shown to induce partial protection, comparable to native PA, when both were purified and administered with adjuvant. Mice were vaccinated intravenously with the live S. typhimurium constructs and subsequent challenged with virulent B. anthracis spores. The PA-expressing S. typhimuruon only colonised at low levels but induced partial protective responses. These protective responses occurred without detectable anti-PA antibody. This work showed that PA expressed by S. typhimurium can induce protective responses even when only low colonisation occurs. It shows the potential for this approach and suggests that further work to stabilise and increase the expression of PA would be worthwhile.
Eutectic mixture of Prilocaine and Lignocaine (2.5%) versus 5% Lignocaine versus placebo for pain relief in new-borns undergoing venipuncture: a hospital based, double blind randomised case control study

Background: Venipuncture is one of the most common cause of iatrogenic pain in neonates which is equally stressful to the parents as well as to the personnel performing the procedure. Despite an abundance of data that demonstrate the efficacy of local anesthetics for reducing venipuncture pain in neonates their use in day to day practice is not used widely used. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of EMLA cream and 5% Lignocaine cream versus placebo for pain relief in newborns undergoing venipuncture.Methods: Present study was a hospital based, double blind randomised, case control study. A 240 eligible new-borns were randomised into EMLA, 5%lignocaine and placebo groups after randomization. The respective creams were applied 1 hour before the procedure and pain scores were assessed using NIPS scoring during venepunture. Data was analysed using SPSS ver. 20.0 statistical package. Student’s unpaired t-test and paired t tests was used to compare continuous data, and to compare pain scores one-way ANOVA was used to compare categorical data. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Paired t-tests revealed significant lower NIPS scores in EMLA and 5% lignocaine group than the placebo group (p value=0.001). Conclusions: From present study it can be concluded that both EMLA and 5% lignocaine are equally efficacious and cost effective in reducing the pain of venepuncture in neonates.
Production of gluten free and high fibre cookies using beet root waste powder and wheat flour husk

Beetroot waste, a by-product of beetroot processing industry, and wheat flour husk, a by-product of wheat flour, are rich source of fibre. Beetroot waste procured from beetroot processing unit was dried. Beetroot waste powder and wheat flour husk contained moisture 10.70±1.12, 6.10±1.50; ash 5.60±0.48, 6.38±0.85; Crude protein 12.65±0.78, 15.68±0.35; Ether extract nil, 2.12±0.88 and Crude fibre 62.75±2.56, 51.77±1.20 respectively. Beetroot waste powder and wheat flour husk was mixed with other ingredients and cookies were prepared. The chemical properties of prepared cookies were moisture (4.69%), total minerals (5.53%), crude protein (21.68%), ether extract (44.70%) and crude fiber (30.75%). Functional and Chemical properties of crude fibre indicated that beetroot waste powder and wheat flour husk can act as a good source of crude fibre and mineral content.
Passive Enhancement of Pressure Oscillation in Cavity-Induced Supersonic Mixing

April 10-15, 2016 Abstract The present work reports of the numerical investigation on the passive technique used to enhance the supersonic cavity-induced pressure oscillations. The unsteady flows over a shallow cavity at Mach 1.73 were modified at the leading edge by changing the leading edge geometry. 3 (three) leading edge geometries namely circular-contoured, slanted and circular contour on 30o slant edge were used to intensify the excitation of the shear layer. The density-based algorithm in ANSYS Fluent 13.0 was used to solve the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations. The SST k-ω model was used to model the turbulence within an unstructured mesh solver. The numerical code was validated comparing the numerical results with the experimental data. The pressure fluctuations with time at different locations in and after the cavity were analyzed. The modification of cavity leading edge shown influencing on the pressure fluctuations.
Influence of precipitation timing and summer temperatures on reproduction of Gambel's quail

We analyzed the influence of rainfall and temperature patterns on Gambel's quail (Callipepla gambelii) to better understand variability in call counts and reproduction. Based on data collected in Arizona during 1978-96, midwinter (Dec-Jan) precipitation invoked a stronger calling response than early-winter (Oct-Nov) or late-winter (Feb-Mar) rainfall Reproductive failure (< I juv/ad) was associated with low rainfall in October-March and high mean daily temperatures during June-July. Moderate production (1-2 juv/ad) occurred under low rainfall in winter, if June-July temperatures were cool. For any rainfall pattern, higher temperatures in July were associated with lower age ratios.
Effect(s) of Long-Term Anaesthesia Induced by Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, Propofol-Fentanyl, Medetomidin-Midozolam- Ketamine or Xylazine-Ketamine Combinations on the Acut Phase Proteins and Cardiac Troponins Levels in Rabbits

The aim of this study was to determine the effect(s) of long-time anesthesia generated by isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol-fentanyl, medetomidine-midozolam-ketamine or xylazine-ketamine combinations on hemodynamic parameters, serum cardiac troponin-I, and C-reactive protein concentrations in rabbits. The study was performed on 30 New Zeland rabbits. Rabbits were divided into 5 groups. In group 1, induction was performed with isoflurane, and anesthesia lasted for four hours. In group 2, the same procedure in group 1 was applied using sevoflurane instead. In group 3, midazolam, medetomidine and ketamine were administered intramuscularly. Anaesthesia protocols lasted for four hours with additional injections. In group 4, anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol and maintained with fentanyl and propofol) for four hours. In group 5, xylazine were used for premedication. General anesthesia was performed with ketamine. Four hour anesthesia was maintained. The reflexes between induction and recovery time were evaluated. Haemodynamic and respiratory variables were recorded. Blood samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters (CRP and cTn-I).
Study of BMI, haemoglobin and blood pressure in subjects visiting OPD’s of a medical college in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

Introduction: Prevalence of obesity, hypertension and anaemia is expected to rise in India. There appears a link between obesity, haemoglobin levels and blood pressure. Keeping in view the public health importance of trio the present study was undertaken. Material and Methods: 336 subjects (235 males and 101 females) were included in the present study. Age, BMI, Hb, blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) and BMI were measured. Data was analysed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Mean age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and haemoglobin were higher in males as compared to females. Mean BMI (Kg/m2) was higher in females (22.38 ± 4.28) than males (21.98 ± 4.25). Significantly higher numbers of male were hypertensive than females whereas anaemia was found more in latter. With increase in BMI blood pressure was significantly higher and with decrease in Hb or with increase in severity of anaemia it was significantly reduced. Positive significant correlation of BMI and Hb with blood pressure was observed. Conclusion: There appears a positive association between Hb levels and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. BMI correlated with blood pressure. Keywords: Hypertensive, Normotensive, BMI, Anaemia, Gender, Prevalence and obesity.
The Role of Self Efficacy and Affective Aspect Toward Student’s Mathematics Learning Achievement

Self efficacy (SE) is a believe on how far an individual can measure his/her ability in solving problem. If it is related to learning, student with high SE will make effort as much as possible to be able to complete the assigned task; he/she will achieve optimum learning achievement. This means that the higher student’s SE, the higher student’s learning achievement. Therefore, SE has important role toward student’s mathematics learning achievement. Meanwhile, there is another factor which also has important role towards mathematics learning achievement, which is the affective aspect. Affective aspect is the quality which shows a person’s characteristics in showing their feeling or emotion. The role of affective aspect in learning will provide information on how the student feels and values mathematics from his/her point of view. The better the student’s value towards mathematics, the learning achievement will be optimum. Therefore, both SE and affective aspect, both have important role towards mathematics learning achievement. However, SE has stronger role towards student’s learning achievement compared to affective aspect. Student with high SE and affective aspect will achieve high learning achievement, whereas student with low SE and affective aspect will achieve low learning achievement. Student with high SE and low affective aspect will achieve high learning achievement, but student with low SE and high affective aspect not necessarily achieve high learning achievement. Finally, the teachers are suggested to pay more attention to the student’s development of SE, because it is an important factor towards mathematics learning achievement.
Salt‐induced crestal faults control the formation of Quaternary tunnel valleys in the southern North Sea

Tunnel valleys are major features of glaciated margins and they enable meltwater expulsion from underneath a thick ice cover. Their formation is related to the erosion of subglacial sediments by overpressured meltwater and direct glacial erosion. Yet, the impact of pre‐existing structures on their formation and morphology remains poorly known. High‐quality 3D seismic data allowed the mapping of a large tunnel valley that eroded underlying preglacial delta deposits in the southern North Sea. The valley follows the N–S strike of crestal faults related to a Zechstein salt wall. A change in downstream tunnel valley orientation towards the SE accompanies a change in the strike direction of salt‐induced faults. Fault offsets indicate important activity of crestal faults during the deposition of preglacial deltaic sediments. We propose that crestal faults facilitated tunnel valley erosion by acting as high‐permeability pathways and allowing subglacial meltwater to reach low‐permeability sediments in the underlying Neogene deltaic sequences, ultimately resulting in meltwater overpressure build‐up and tunnel valley excavation. Active faults probably also weakened the near‐surface sediment to allow a more efficient erosion of the glacial substrate. This control of substrate structures on tunnel valley morphology is considered as a primary factor in subglacial drainage pattern development in the study area.
Hybrid pulse propagation model and quasi-phase-matched four-wave mixing in multipass cells

We describe a nonlinear propagation model based on a generalized Schrödinger equation in the time domain coupled to Gaussian beam evolution through ABCD matrices that account for Kerr lensing in the spatial domain. This model is well suited to simulate propagation in mildly nonlinear systems such as multipass cells for temporal compression. It is validated against both a full (x,y,z,t) numerical model and recently reported experimental results in multipass cells, with excellent agreement. It also allows us to identify the physical mechanism for the recently reported parasitic appearance of spectral content in the 700 – 950 nm range in argon-filled multipass cells that are used to compress pulses at 1030 nm. We think this is due to a quasi-phase matched degenerate four-wave mixing process. This process could be used in the future to perform wavelength conversion as is already done in fibers and capillaries. © 2020 Optical Society of America
Responsiveness of the Activity Participation Outcome Measure in adult patients with Traumatic Brain Injury in an acute private neurological rehabilitation setting in South Africa

Introduction : Acute neurological rehabilitation aims to reduce the burden of care of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and increase their activity participation. Tracking change throughout the rehabilitation is essential for funders of the service as well as the patient. Valid, reliable and responsive outcome measures are thus needed for accurate measurement of change. This study compared the responsiveness to change of the Functional Independence Measure™+ Functional Assessment Measure (FIM™+FAM) with the Activity Participation Outcomes Measure (APOM). This was administered TBI patients in the acute neurological rehabilitation phase in a private health care facility in South Africa. Method : A quantitative, prospective, longitudinal cohort design was used. A sample of 24 in-patients over 12 months was scored weekly on both outcome measures. The responsiveness between the APOM and FIM™+FAM was tested using the dependent t-test for paired samples and the effect size from admission to discharge was calculated with the standardised response mean. Results : Both measures were responsive to change and tracked improvement in activity participation (APOM) and reduction of burden of care (FIM™+FAM). No significant statistical difference was found between the responsiveness of the two measures however positive changes were reported in each individual patient. Conclusion : Although both measures are responsive to track change in TBI patients, the APOM includes more specific items that occupational therapists address in rehabilitation. The lack of a measure of physical components in the APOM makes it a difficult to be the only one to use in an environment where there is a high physical burden of care in patients. However, the APOM could be used in conjunction with other impairment-based scales that target physical components. It is recommended that more occupational therapists use the APOM with TBI populations. Key words : Activity participation outcome measure, Traumatic Brain Injuries, Acute neurological rehabilitation, responsiveness
Lifetime Energy Performance of Residential Buildings: A Sensitivity Analysis of Energy Modeling Parameters

Traditional building energy simulation tools often assess performance as a function of the unique climate, physical characteristics, and operational parameters that define specific buildings and communities, planned or existing. This paper presents the results of a sensitivity analysis on the input parameters (relating to both the building and climate) that affect the annual energy consumption loads of an existing residential neighborhood in the U.S. Midwest over the anticipated service life of its buildings using the Urban Modeling Interface (umi). Accordingly, first, the effect of multiple building construction characteristic packages and inclusion of outdoor vegetation, are investigated under typical meteorological climate conditions. Afterwards, since typical climate conditions may not adequately describe the potential extreme conditions that will be encountered over the entire service life of these buildings, alternative weather datasets were also utilized in the sensitivity analysis. The study’s findings suggest that cooling loads are expected to increase dramatically over the next five decades, both due to changes in the climate and the more wide-spread use of airconditioning units. Since the results showed that trees can effectively reduce cooling loads by up to 7%, it is recommended that urban vegetation should be considered as an effective adaptation measure for facing the growing cooling demands.
Effect of Herb-Partitioned Moxibustion on Autophagy and Immune-Associated Gene Expression Profiles in a Rat Model of Crohn's Disease

Objective To investigate the immune regulation mechanism of herb-partitioned moxibustion in rats with Crohn's disease (CD) focusing on autophagy. Methods Rats were randomly divided into normal (N) group, CD model (M) group, CD model with herb-partitioned moxibustion (MM) group, normal with herb-partitioned moxibustion (NM) group, CD model with mesalazine (western medicine, Med ) group, and normal saline (NS) group, with 10 rats in each group. The CD model rats were prepared by trinitrobenzene sulphonic expect for the N group and NM group. After the CD rats model were established, the rats in the MM and NM groups were treated with herb-partitioned moxibustion at Tianshu (ST25) and Qihai (CV6) acupoints once daily for 7 days, and rats in the Med and NS groups were respectively treated with mesalazine enteric coated tablet and normal saline once daily for 7 days. After intervention, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the histological changes of colon; RNA sequencing was used to observe the changes in autophagy- and immune-associated gene expression profiles. In addition, autophagy- and immune-associated cytokines and signaling pathways in CD rats were also screened. Results HPM significantly increased the body weight of CD rats (P<0.01) and improved the pathological injury of colon in CD rats (P<0.01). HPM also changed the expression of many autophagy- and immune-associated genes, especially downregulating the expression of autophagy-associated Nod2, Irgm genes as well as the receptor of immune-associated Il12b, Il22 (Il12rb1, Il22ra2) genes in the colon of CD rats. HPM also changed the enrichment levels of differentially expressed genes in the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 infection pathway, the Epstein-Barr virus infection pathway, and the cell adhesion molecule pathway. In addition, the expression levels of Nod2, Irgm, IL-12b, and IL-22 mRNA were increased (all P< 0.01) in the M group compared to the N group, while the expression levels of Nod2, Irgm, IL-12b, and IL-22 mRNA were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in the MM and Med groups compared to the M group. Conclusion Herb-partitioned moxibustion may effectively attenuate intestinal inflammation and promote the repair of colon mucosal injury of CD rats through the regulation of autophagy- and immune-associated gene expression and signaling pathways.
Varietal characterization and categorization of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacaea L.) varieties, cultivars and mutants for varietal identification

The goal of this study is to evaluate the major characteristics of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacaea L.) varieties, cultivars and mutants to analyse morphological characters on the basis of descriptors with the objective to identify the key diagnostic characters of the genotypes. A group of 11 barnyard millet genotypes were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications to characterize based on their morphological characters viz., Plant growth habit, the number of basal tillers, Culm branching, Plant height (cm), Lodging, Flag leaf length, Flag leaf width, Flag leaf attitude, Inflorescence colour, Stigma colour, Peduncle length (cm), Lower raceme length (cm), Lower raceme thickness, Lower raceme branching, Seed shattering and Seed shape. This experiment revealed the diverse characteristics of germplasms and indicated that the morphological variations exist in collected germplasm is due to the variation in genetic makeup and could be better utilized for field functionaries, certification officers, seed production officers and seed growers for regulating quality of the seed. These differences in morphological traits were helpful in recognition of individual barnyard millet cultures.
Monetary Policy and Intangible Investment, WP/20/160, August 2020

We contrast how monetary policy affects intangible relative to tangible investment. We document that the stock prices of firms with more intangible assets react less to monetary policy shocks, as identified from Fed Funds futures movements around FOMC announcements. Consistent with the stock price results, instrumental variable local projections confirm that the total investment in firms with more intangible assets responds less to monetary policy, and that intangible investment responds less to monetary policy compared to tangible investment. We identify two mechanisms behind these results. First, firms with intangible assets use less collateral, and therefore respond less to the credit channel of monetary policy. Second, intangible assets have higher depreciation rates, so interest rate changes affect their user cost of capital relatively less. JEL Classification Numbers: E22, E52, G32
Orbit Correction Studies on the HL–LHC Layout and Optics V1.5

In this report three separate studies on the topic of orbit correction are presented for the HL–LHC V1.5 layout and 15 cm β ∗ optics for protons. It is shown that the constraints put on the error correction for the assumed machine imperfections distribution, together with the implementation of the desired orbit knobs, are compatible with the available corrector strengths. Results based on a simplified model of the present LHC orbit feedback are presented, showcasing its efficiency in maintaining beam collisions and the inherent orbit stability expected in LHC and in HL–LHC. Finally, necessary short-term beam position monitor stability for adequate position-based correction of beam separation is investigated and estimated to be under one micrometre. Geneva, Switzerland July 13, 2020
Direct CP Violating Asymmetries in Charmless Decays of Strange Bottom Mesons

We report measurements of direct CP–violating asymmetries in charmless decays of neutral bottom hadrons to pairs of charged hadrons with the upgraded Collider Detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Using a data sample corresponding to 9.3 fb−1 of integrated luminosity, we measure the direct CP violation in bottom strange mesons with 3. 0σ significance, ACP(B 0 s → K−π+) = +0.22 ± 0.07 (stat) ± 0.02 (syst). No significant asymmetry is observed for bottom baryons where we find ACP(Λ 0 b → pπ−) = +0.07± 0.07 (stat)± 0.03 (syst) and ACP(Λb → pK−) = −0.09±0.08 (stat)±0.04 (syst). In addition, we measure CP violation in B → K+π− decays with 6. 4σ significance, ACP(B 0 → K+π−) = −0.083± 0.013 (stat)± 0.003 (syst), in agreement with the current world average.