Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Eucheuma Alvarezii terhadap Artemia Salina sebagai Studi Pendahuluan Potensi Antikanker

Eucheuma alvarezii is a species of red algae (Rodhophyta) Class and has been an exported product from Indonesia. Some recent studies have found many uses of this algae, one of them is for medicine. By Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST), the methanol and chloroform extract of this algae were tested. The results showed that the secondary metabolic component from E. alvarezii was toxic to Artemia. The LC50 from the extract of E. alvarezii that dissolved in methanol was 23.3346 ppm and The LC50 from the extract of E. alvarezii that dissolved in chloroform was 89.7429 ppm.
Aspectos biológicos y ecológicos de las garrapatas duras

Hard ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites of Ixodidae family. These mites have been always considered disrupting agents of livestock systems, where they are recognized as the cause of economic and production losses. However, their ecological role is important for the dynamic equilibrium of the production systems bovine meat or milk. Knowing their biology and ecology can shed light on the sanitary decisions made in relation to these organisms. This review article presents issues related to classification, characteristics, and life cycle of hard ticks and relations vector-parasite-host. In addition, it addresses the control of ectoparasites on conventional livestock systems and the implications that these models of intervention might have on agro-ecosystem.
Hematopoietic Precursor Cells within the Yolk Sac Tumor Component Are the Source of Secondary Hematopoietic Malignancies in Patients with Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors

Orazi et al.' reported data on six patients with secondary leukemia who were seen initially with mediastinal germ cell tumor. They hypothesized that the leukemias are derived from pluripotent stem cells found in the yolk sac tumor component. Given the discovery of a marrow stem cell that can give rise to both hematopoietic and mesenchymal elements,* it is conceivable that a single stem cell in the proper environment, such as the mediastinum, can develop along germ cell lines to result in the primary tumor. Subsequently, as a result of changes in the microenvironment, the same stem cell can be enticed into developing along hematopoietic lines to result in a leukemia. I f this is true, an alternate interpretation of their data might be that both the mediastinal germ cell tumor and the leukemia result from clonal development from a single stem cell, that is, an example of monophyletic differentiation as the stem cell adapts genetically, in response to two different signals in its environment, to express two distinct phenotypes in the form of a germ cell tumor and a leukemia. In this regard, it is interestirg to note the concordance in i(12p) and p53 in their patients.
Inoculated Soybean Response to Starter Nitrogen in Conventional Cropping System in Moghan

A B S T R A C T To investigate the effects of inoculated seeds at different amounts of nitrogen on soybean growth and yield, we conducted a randomized complete block design with three replications on the Research Farm of the Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Treatments were 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg haG 1 urea; inoculation with Biosoy, 50 kg haG 1 urea+inoculation with Biosoy, 100 kg haG 1 urea+inoculation with Biosoy, 150 kg haG 1 urea+inoculation with Biosoy. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer in non-inoculated plants reduced nodule dry weight but enhanced plant height, stems dry weight, the pods dry weight, biological yield and grains per plant. When seeds inoculated, non-application and application of 100 kg haG 1 urea produced more stems dry weight, pods dry weight, biological yield, grain numbers per plant and grain yield which were as much as application of 150 kg haG 1 urea for non-inoculated plants. Therefore, based on this investigation results we suggest applying of diammonium phosphate as a P fertilizer at the rate of 200 kg haG 1 +non application or 50 kg haG 1 urea application plus inoculation of soybean seeds by Biosoy in Moghan region. As a result, we can save all or part of the urea fertilizer.
Antiphytopathogenicity of Bioagents and Expression Anlysis of Selected Defence Genes in Rice in Presence of Actinobacteria and Rhizoctonia solani

A total of fifty bioagent isolates comprising Trichoderma, pseudomonad, PPFM and actinomycete spp. , were screened against rice sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani under in vitro condition and potent isolates were selected for in vivo assay. Five potent isolates from each of the biocontrol agent was further evaluated against R.solani under glasshouse condition. Of the fifteen efficient bioagent isolates evaluated, combined treatment of Actinomycete isolate (IABT-A7) was promising with reduced disease parameters, lesion length and number of dried leaves and enhanced the plant growth parameters viz., the plant height, number of tillers, root length, root biomass. Potential actinomycete (IABT-A7) isolate was identified as Actinopolymorpha spp. , through Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA). Expression of the key genes involved in Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) and Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) were analysed by real-time PCR. Gene expression and quantum of expression was profiled at different time intervals 24 hr, 48 hr,72 hr and 120 hr after infection of pathogen from treatments viz., seed treatment of IABT-A7, combined treatment of IABT-A7 (seed+soil+foliar),only bioagent (IABT-A7) treatment, treated control (only pathogen) and healthy plant. Jasmonic Acid (JA) pathway related genes, OsAOS2, OsJMT1, OsJAMYB showed the differential expression in all the treatments and at all time intervals over the treated control. ET biosynthesis gene, OsERF1 was up regulated in all treatments at 48 hr, 72 hr and 120 hr over treated control. The relative up regulation of these genes was highest in combined treatment over control. OsPR1b, a key gene for SAR pathway was up regulated in only pathogen treated samples and up regulated up to 12 fold at 48 hr. The master regulator defence gene OsNPR1 was constantly expressed at all intervals over untreated plant.
Survey on the level of conjugated linoleic acid in dairy products

A survey was carried out to determine the content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in various dairy products of domestic and foreign origin. Twenty-three types of cheese obtained from cow, sheep and goat milk were analyzed as well as three types of butter, two types of yoghurt, pasteurized and UHT cow milk and sheep milk. Apart from the CLA content, the fatty acid composition, moisture and fat contents were also assessed. Among the cheeses, the Sicilian, Roman and Sardinian varieties of Pecorino (sheep milk cheese) had the highest amount of CLA, followed by Fontina and Swiss Emmenthal. Rather high levels of CLA were found in Danish butter, cheese slices and processed cheeses. Fresh forage diets which are rich in polyunsatured fatty acids are among the factors responsible for increasing the CLA level in dairy products. The use of raw milk, which is a source of environnemental microorganisms, the use of lamb or kid rennet paste, which is rich in lipolytic enzymes, and high-temperature treatments also play an important role. 23 types de fromages, 3 beurres, 2 types de yaourt, du lait de vache pasteurise et UHT et du lait de brebis ont ete analyses afin de determiner les doses d'acide linoleique conjugue contenues dans ces produits. En plus, la composition en acides gras, les teneurs en graisse et en eau ont ete mesurees. Les pecorinos, fontina et emmenthal sont tres riches en acide linoleique conjugue. Les animaux nourris au fourrage frais, riche en acide gras polyinsatures, et l'utilisation du lait cru donnent des produits laitiers plus riches en acide linoleique conjugue.
A new frog (Genus Rana) from the Yacyama group of the Ryukyu islands

A new species of frog, Rana psaltes, is described from the Yaeyama group of the Ryukyu Islands. It has been confused with R. adenopleura, but the two differ in several morphological and ecological features; most conspicuous differences are in their acoustic characteristics. R. psaltes constructs a small mud nest and lays a few eggs in it. External morphology, breeding ecology and vocalization of R. psaltes and R. adenopleura are compared.
Updating biological reviews: the Hastings River mouse Pseudomys oralis as a case history.

TO be most useful, biological reviews should be able to cope with taxonomic uncertainty and change, should be comprehensive with regard to topics and available information, sufficiently detailed, repeatable, easy to keep up-to-date, logical and accurate, should include anecdotal observations, and should indicate the nature and extent of support for each statement concerning a species (Pyke 2001). In addition to collating information, a review should also provide a focal point to which others can contribute new information as it becomes available, thus updating the review. In this way we can all learn and improve our knowledge about a species. We attempted to achieve these goals in reviewing the biology of the Hastings River mouse (Pseudomys oralis) (Pyke and Read 2003).
Signigobius biocellatus, a New Genus and Species of Sand-dwelling Coral Reef Gobiid Fish from the Western Tropical Pacific

Signigobius biocellatus is described as a new genus and species of coral reef gobiid fish from Palau,the Philippines,Solomon Islands,New Guinea,and the Great Barrier Reef,The genus is compared with other sand-dwelling coral reef genera in morphological and ecological aspects.The genus is most similar in these aspects to the
Eliminating Zygotic Seedlings in `Turpentine' Mango Rootstock Populations by Visual Roguing

The ability to eliminate zygotic seedlings from the polyembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.) rootstock 'Turpentine' by visual roguing was investigated. Four selected populations, A) randomly selected plants, B) plants selected as off-types, C) seedlings that were of 'Turpentine' phenotype, and D) seeds where a single seedling emerged, were examined using electrophoretic analysis and five enzyme systems. Significant differences (χ 2 = 39.63, P<0.001) were found among the four categories, with 28% of the random, 66% of the off-type, 10% of the true-to-type, and 54% of the monoembryonic seedlings being zygotic [. ]
Urban ants of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina: species survey and practical control

ABSTRACT Ants are among the most diverse, abundant and ecologically significant organisms on earth. They have colonized almost all existing habitats, including urban areas, where they may pose serious problems for human activities. Here, we present different aspects of our studies on urban ants in the city of Buenos Aires aimed at collecting information on the species present in the city and at improving bait control strategies via laboratory assays. The use of these baits represents a control strategy that is environment-friendly as it avoids indiscriminate pesticide release. Moreover, we show that our baits exhibit higher efficiency when compared to a commercial bait, as it is optimized in terms of the ants’ feeding behavior even when both have the same active compound and at the same concentration. This work represents the first integrative study on urban ants in the city of Buenos Aires and indicates that the control of invasive species in urban settings may be improved by increasing the scientific knowledge of the biology of the target species.
Treatments for seed germination improvement in Prunus azorica, Frangula azorica and Morella faya, three native species of Azores Islands

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the best treatment to maximize seed germination of three native species of the Azores islands (Prunus azorica, Frangula azorica and Morella faya). In all three species the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) application and cold stratification on seed germination under controlled conditions (light and temperature) was investigated. In particular, seeds of all three species were treated with 500 and 1000 mg L–1 GA3 for 24 hours and were subsequently cold stratified at 3–5°C for 0, 1 and 2 months. In addition, seeds from each species were only cold stratified for 0, 1 and 2 months and also seeds with the endocarp (stones) of P. azorica only were subjected to outdoor stratification from 1 October 2014 up to 28 February 2015. Untreated seeds of all three species exhibited a very low germination percentage, indicating that the seeds of all three species were dormant. For all three species, the germination of seeds untreated with GA3 significantly increased as the cold stratification period increased whereas GA3 application was more effective in improving germination in P. azorica and F. azorica than M. faya seeds. Furthermore, stones of P. azorica that were subjected to outdoor stratification and then transferred to germinate under controlled standard conditions exhibited high and rapid germination.
Growth of marine bacterioplankton on river and seawater dissolved organic carbon in a Mediterranean coastal system

Croissance du bacterioplancton marin a partir du carbone organique dissous de l'eau de rivere et de l'eau de mer dans un systeme cotier mediterraneen. La croissance des bacteries marines et la degradation du carbone organique dissous (COD) originaire de la riviere et de l'eau de mer ont ete etudiees dans un systeme cotier en mer Egee, Mediterranee orientale. Pour l'etude, une serie de cultures bacteriennes a ete mise en place et incubee a des temperatures in situ a chaque saison, de l'ete a l'hiver. Les variations des concentrations en nutriments inorganiques, COD, abondance et biomasse bacteriennes ont ete suivies pendant une duree maximum de 17 jours. Le taux de croissance bacterien (p) varie de 0,011 a 0,023 h -1 pour les cultures d'eau de riviere et de 0,012 a 0,022 h -1 pour l'eau marine. L'abondance bacterienne et la production bacterienne (BP) ainsi que l'efficacite de croissance (BGE) etaient, dans la plupart des cas, superieures dans les cultures d'eau de riviere a celles d'eau de mer. Cependant, la proportion de COD marin utilisable (UDOC) etait, en moyenne, superieure (42,2 %) a l'UDOC de riviere (38,7 %). Les nutriments inorganiques semblent ne pas limiter la croissance bacterienne et, dans la plupart des incubations, les concentrations finales de phosphore et d'azote etaient semblables ou superieures aux concentrations initiales. La temperature n'est pas correlee avec les parametres bacteriens mais elle est correlee positivement avec le taux de degradation du COD dans les deux types d'eau, suggerant que la temperature a un effet indirect sur la croissance bacterienne par le biais du COD de riviere et de mer.
Bat mortality due to wind turbines in Canada

Wind turbines have been hypothesized to affect bat populations; however, no comprehensive analysis of bat mortality from the operation of wind turbines in Canada has been conducted. We used data from carcass searches for 64 wind farms, incorporating correction factors for scavenger removal, searcher efficiency, and carcasses that fell beyond the area searched to estimate bat collision mortality associated with wind turbines in Canada. On average, 15.5 ± 3.8 (95% CI) bats were killed per turbine per year at these sites (range = 0−103 bats/turbine/yr at individual wind farms). Based on 4,019 installed turbines (the no. installed in Canada by Dec 2013), an estimated 47,400 bats (95% CI = 32,100−62,700) are killed by wind turbines each year in Canada. Installed wind capacity is growing rapidly in Canada, and is predicted to increase approximately 3.5-fold over the next 15 years, which could lead to direct mortality of approximately 166,000 bats/year. Long-distance migratory bat species (e.g., hoary bat [Lasiurus cinereus], silver-haired bat [Lasionycteris noctivagans], eastern red bat [Lasiurus borealis]) accounted for 73% of all mortalities. These species are subject to additional mortality risks when they migrate into the United States. The little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus), which was listed as Endangered in 2014 under the Species At Risk Act (SARA), accounted for 13% of all mortalities from wind turbines, with most of the mortality (87%) occurring in Ontario. Population-level impacts may become an issue for some bat species as numbers of turbines increase. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Visualisation of the symbiosome membrane surrounding cnidarian algal cells

dVirtually nothing is known of the role of the cnidarian symbiosome, primarily due to the difficulty in visualising its membrane. We used the fluorescent dye MDY-64 to stain symbiosome membranes surrounding algae of the anthozoan Zoanthus robustus. MDY-64 did not stain cultured symbiotic dinoflagellates, confirming that this dye binds to a membrane of host cell origin. Another fluorescent dye, amino-chloromethylcoumarin (CMAC) stained the cytoplasm of both endoderm cells and algal cells from the zoanthid, a coral and an anemone. By drawing a suspension of endoderm cells from Z. robustus back and forth (5-7 times) through a hypodermic needle, we obtained approximately 73% of the algae in intact symbiosomes, with only 6% of the algae remaining in intact endoderm cells, and 21% free of both endoderm cell and symbiosome. About 15 additional passages of the cells through the needle removed the symbiosome membranes, leaving approximately 85% of the algae free of all host cell material. Use of detergents to remove the endoderm cell plasma membrane damaged both the symbiosome and algal membranes. Transmission electron microscopy showed variable numbers of membranes surrounding the algae. The ability to isolate dinoflagellate cells with and without symbiosome membranes will allow studies of the role of this membrane.
The gut microbiome defines social group membership in honey bee colonies

Sharing gut bacteria provides the ticket for hive membership in honey bees. In the honey bee, genetically related colony members innately develop colony-specific cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, which serve as pheromonal nestmate recognition cues. Yet, despite high intracolony relatedness, the innate development of colony-specific chemical signatures by individual colony members is largely determined by the colony environment, rather than solely relying on genetic variants shared by nestmates. Therefore, it is puzzling how a nongenic factor could drive the innate development of a quantitative trait that is shared by members of the same colony. Here, we provide one solution to this conundrum by showing that nestmate recognition cues in honey bees are defined, at least in part, by shared characteristics of the gut microbiome across individual colony members. These results illustrate the importance of host-microbiome interactions as a source of variation in animal behavioral traits.
Biological availability and efficacy of folates from bioengineered rice

The basic concept of folate rice is to develop a means for rural areas to combat folate deficiency. Folate deficiency is of concern given the relation between folate status and birth defects, ranging in severity from mild back ache to stillbirth, due to a malformation of the neural tube. While western populations benefit from diverse and nutrient rich diets, even these populations are at risk for folate deficiency. One method to alleviate the health burden associated with folate deficiency is to add synthetic folic acid to commonly consumed food items such as breakfast cereals or bread. However, remote, mostly rural communities, do not have free access to folic acid fortification. As such, a rice variety with a high natural folate content that could be grown locally may serve to achieve an adequate folate status. However, since folate rice is a genetically engineered rice variety, public and governmental acceptance depends on scientific evidence that the folates contained within these rice grains are released into the bloodstream when consumed. This is because some genetically engineered food items have been criticized as a result of their limited influence on nutrient status. It is therefore of paramount importance to evaluate the impact of folate rice consumption on folate status. Given the need for strict control of nutrient intake and regulatory constraints, a rodent feeding trial was devised to evaluate the efficacy of folate rice as a dietary folate source. Due to the complexity of folate metabolism and body distribution, a long term study was performed including regular evaluation of folate status, folate related clinical parameters and general health. These results were compared between groups receiving no folate, a small amount of folate present in ‘normal’ rice, a larger amount of folate in either folate rice or folic acid fortified rice or ample folate as an optimal scenario. To quantify the biological outcome of folate rice consumption, an analytical method was developed to measure the amount of folates in 2 separate blood fractions, i.e. plasma and red blood cells. Given the low concentrations in which folates are present, a sensitive method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used. Since the term folate signifies several different molecules with different chemical and biological properties, the developed method required the measurement of individual folate species. Also, to exclude the influence of folates which might be present in the rodent diets used during the rodent trial, a separate method was developed to determine the folate concentration in the rodent diets used. Due to the necessity of folates for DNA-synthesis in white blood cells, the influence of folate concentration and speciation on the functioning of the immune system was investigated as well.
Inability of Biometry to Discriminate Iberian and Common Chiffchaffs During the Autumn Migration Period

Summary. The Iberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus ibericus has recently been accepted as a full species, but is still very difficult to distinguish from the Common Chiffchaff P. collybita when molecular and acoustic evidence is lacking. Distinguishing these cryptospecies is essential for obtaining accurate population estimates for each, which is especially important in the case of the Iberian Chiffchaff due to its restricted distribution. We re-assessed the discriminant methods available in the literature and propose some alternative traits to distinguish both species. We used information from 24 morphological traits measured in c. 6,700 individuals of the two species trapped during the autumn migration period in Doñana National Park, Spain, between 2004 and 2015. Discriminatory methods available in the literature were unable to distinguish the two species efficiently. Despite some biometric differences, morphological measurements showed a high degree of overlap and so could not distinguish between Iberian and Common Chiffchaffs. The best discriminatory factor at our study site was the passage date, since 90% of Iberian Chiffchaffs have already departed when the first Common Chiffchaffs arrive. Those traits associated with migration, such as wing size and shape and fat deposits, were also able to discriminate the species, albeit weakly. This result fully concurs with the trans-Saharan migration of the Iberian Chiffchaff in contrast to the Common Chiffchaff, which chiefly winters in Mediterranean latitudes. In conclusion, biometric traits are useless for discriminating the two species and we do not recommend their use. A comprehensive examination of colouration and plumage seems to be the only reliable way of guaranteeing the correct identification of these species in the hand.