Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of restricted substitution of wheat flour with tannia flour on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of cookies

The feasibility of wheat flour substitution with tannia flour in the production of cookies was investigated. The tannia flour studied were native tannia flour (NTF) and pregelatinized tannia flour (PTF). NTF was made by drying the sliced tannia tuber at 70oC and then milled and sieved through a 60 mesh sieve. PTF was made using ahydrothermal technique that was by boiling sliced tannia tuber in hot water (95oC) for 10 minutes before drying. Partial substitution of wheat flour with NTF or PTF was done at the level of 50%. The physical, chemical, sensory, and microstructural properties of the cookies produced were evaluated. Microstructural studies were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that substitution of wheat flour with tannia flour had a significant effect on sensory properties (texture); physical properties (hardness, color, and microstructure); and chemical properties (protein, carbohydrate, ash, and curd fiber content). Replacement of 50% wheat flour with PTF produced cookies that compete well with 100% wheat flour cookies (control) in term of sensory, physical, and chemical aspects. The PTF substituted cookies had lower protein level compared to the control cookies, but it had higher crude fiber content. Moreover, the PTF substituted cookies contained 5.94% protein, 24.52% fat, 63.10% carbohydrate, and 1.92% crude fiber, and it was a low-gluten and fiber-rich cookie.
Future evolution of surface solar radiation and photovoltaic potential in Europe: investigating the role of aerosols

In recent decades, trends in photovoltaic (PV) technology deployment have shown an overall increase across the world. Comprehensive knowledge of the solar resource and its future evolution is demanded by the energy sector. Solar resource and PV potential have been estimated in several studies using both the global climate model (GCM) and regional climate model (RCM), revealing a GCM–RCM discrepancy in the projected change over Europe. An increase in surface solar radiation (SSR) (and therefore in PV potential production) is projected by GCMs, whereas most RCM simulations project a decrease in SSR over Europe. In this work, we investigate the role of aerosol forcing in RCMs as a key explaining factor of this inconsistency. The results show that RCM simulations including evolving aerosols agree with GCMs in the sign and amplitude of the SSR change over Europe for mid-21st century projections (2021–2050 compared to 1971–2000 for representative concentration pathway climate change scenario RCP8.5). The opposite signal is projected by the rest of the RCMs. The amplitude of the changes likely depends on the RCM and on its aerosol forcing choice. In terms of PV potential, RCMs including evolving aerosols simulate an increase, especially in summer for Central and Eastern Europe, with maximum values reaching +10% in some cases. This study illustrates the key role of the often-neglected aerosol forcing evolution in RCMs. It also suggests that it is important to be very careful when using the multi-model Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) projections for solar radiation and related variables, and argues for the inclusion of aerosol forcing evolution in the next generation of CORDEX simulations.
Gendered hate speech in YouTube and YouNow comments: Results of two content analyses

Online hate speech in general, and gendered online hate speech in particular, have become an issue of growing concern both in public and academic discourses. However, although YouTube is the most important social media platform today and the popularity of social live streaming services (SLSS) such as Twitch, Periscope and YouNow is constantly growing, research on gendered online hate speech on video platforms is scarce. To bridge this empirical gap, two studies investigated gendered online hate speech in video comments on YouTube and YouNow, thereby systematically replicating a study by Wotanis and McMillan (2014). Study 1 investigated YouTube in the form of a content analysis of N = 8,000 publicly available video comments that were addressed towards four pairs of female and male German-speaking YouTubers within the popular genres Comedy, Gaming, HowTo & Style, and Sports [Fitness]. Study 2 examined YouNow, with a quantitative content analysis of N = 6,844 publicly available video comments made during the video streams of 16 female and 14 male popular German-speaking YouNowers. Study 1 successfully replicated the findings of Wotanis and McMillan (2014) that compared to male You-Tubers, female YouTubers received more negative video comments (including sexist, racist, and sexually aggressive hate speech) (H1a). In addition, they received fewer positive video comments regarding personality and video content but more positive video comments regarding physical appearance (H2a). Study 2 partly confirmed the earlier findings: It found that, compared to male YouNowers, the video comments received by female YouNowers were more sexist and sexually aggressive, but not generally more hostile or negative (H1b). They received more positive video comments regarding their physical appearance but did not receive fewer positive video comments regarding their personality or the content of their videos (H2b). With some exceptions, the findings of study 2 were comparable to the findings of study 1 (RQ1). In both studies, most effect sizes were small. Overall, females on the video platforms YouTube and YouNow seem to be disproportionately affected by both hostile and benevolent sexism expressed in viewer comments. The results are in line with the Expectation States Theory and the Ambivalent Sexism Theory. The total number of public hate comments was probably underestimated because inappropriate comments can be deleted by moderators and users. Future research directions and practical implications are discussed. Supplementary material can be retrieved from https://osf.io/da8tw
Sources of Error in HDRI for Luminance Measurement: A Review of the Literature

ABSTRACT Compared to the use of conventional spot luminance meters, high dynamic range imaging (HDRI) offers significant advantages for luminance measurements in lighting research. Consequently, the reporting of absolute luminance data based on HDRI measurements has rapidly increased in technical lighting literature, with researchers using HDRI to address topics such as daylight distribution and discomfort glare. However, questions remain about the accuracy of luminance data derived from HDRI. This article reviewed published papers that reported potential sources of error in deriving absolute luminance values from high dynamic range imaging (HDRI) using a consumer grade digital camera, along with application papers that included an analysis of errors in HDRI-derived luminance values. Four sources of significant error emerged from the literature review: lens vignetting, lens flare, luminous overflow, and sensor spectral responsivity. The cause and magnitude for each source of error is discussed using the relevant findings from previous research and any available correction methods are presented. Based on the review, a set of recommendations was developed for minimizing the possible errors in HDRI luminance measurements as well as recommendations for future research using HDRI.
Comparative Anatomy of the Nuchal Ligament Lamellae and Cervical Interspinous Ligament in Zebrines (Horse and Zebra) and Asinines (Donkey)

A recent study postulated the reduction in nuchal ligament lamellae attachments from C2-C7 to primarily C2-C5, occurred after domestication in modern horse (Equus caballus). It further identified that close relatives of E. caballus still retained the nuchal ligament lamellae from C2-C7, whether the equid was a zebrine or asinine. To date, the morphology of the attachment sites of the nuchal ligament lamellae to the cervical vertebrae between zebrines and asinines have not been investigated. In this study, zebrines were represented by domestic horse, Przewalski’s horse, close descendants of Equus ferus ferus and zebra; asinines were represented by donkeys. Comparative anatomy revealed that in zebrines the nuchal ligament lamellae attached to the eminence of the cervical dorsal spines with triangular apertures between each attachment and when attached to C6 and C7, the apertures elongated dorsally. Furthermore, the cervical interspinous ligament attached to each cervical dorsal spine forming a ligamentous base to each aperture from C2-T1. In asinines, the findings revealed the nuchal ligament lamellae attached to the entire dorsal eminence including the cervical dorsal spines from C2-C7, and neither apertures nor cervical interspinous ligaments were present. These informative results may benefit studies involving equid biomechanics and Palaeontologists identifying individual cervical specimens.
Late Holocene fluctuations of Stoppani Glacier, southernmost Patagonia

Abstract Some lateral moraines contain a rich record of Holocene glacial expansion. Previous workers have used such evidence to document glacial fluctuations in western Canada, Alaska, and the U.S. Pacific Northwest, but similar studies in Patagonia are uncommon. Here we report on the late Holocene behavior of Stoppani Glacier, a 75 km2 glacier sourced in the Cordillera Darwin, southernmost Patagonia. Based on radiocarbon-dated wood and organic material contained in the glacier's northeast lateral moraine, we infer that Stoppani Glacier advanced shortly before 3.8–3.6, at 3.2–2.8, 2.3–2.1, and 0.3–0.2, and possibly sometime before 1.4–1.3 and 0.8–0.7 cal ka BP. These advances culminated at 0.3–0.2 cal ka BP, when the glacier constructed a prominent end moraine, marking its greatest extent of the past 4000 years. Although the timing of several of the advances overlap with the age range of glacial expansion recognized elsewhere in Patagonia, some do not. Asynchronous behavior observed in the glacial record may arise from the type of evidence (e.g., lateral stratigraphy vs. end moraine) used to document glacial fluctuations or variations in climate or glacial response times. A significant difference between the Stoppani record and some other Patagonian records is that the former indicates general expansion of ice over the last 4000 years, whereas the latter indicate a net decrease in extent over that period.
Prevalence and Associated Risks Factors of Psychological Distress among Tuberculosis Patients Receiving Treatment in the Buea and Limbe Regional Hospitals

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Mood disorders seem to be particularly common in TB patients. Psychological distress has been shown to reduce adherence to drugs thus negatively impacting prognosis. Objective: The present study was designed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of psychological distress among tuberculosis patients in the Buea and Limbe TB treatment centers. Methodology: A cross sectional hospital-based study was carried out to achieve the objective. A structured questionnaire was administered to 300 TB patients to collect socio-demographic data. The Kessler psychological distress scale (k-10) was employed to ascertain the presence or absence of psychological distress. Data was analyzed using stata 13 and Nvivo 10. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of psychological distress was 43.3% (95%CI: 40.7 - 49.4). The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe psychological distress were 35.3%, 7.0% and 1.0% respectively. Being HIV positive (AOR = 6.10, 95% CI: 2.64 - 14.01), having a low socioeconomic status (AOR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.04 - 4.12), not receiving support from family members (AOR= 2.65; 95% CI: 1.60 - 4.32) and family history of psychological distress (AOR= 2.3; 95% CI: 1.01 - 4.02) significantly increased the odds of being psychologically distressed. Conclusion: The study found high rates of psychological distress among tuberculosis patients. Improved training of providers in screening for psychological distress, appropriate referral to relevant health practitioners and providing comprehensive treatment for patients with TB who are co-infected with HIV is essential to improve their health outcomes.
Design space exploration in ion channels using fine grained brownian dynamics

Design Space Exploration (DSE) in the context of ion channels refers to the systematic exploration of a design space de ned with the dimensions of the space corresponding to channel characteristics. The goal of DSE here is to nd points within the space that maximize a gure of merit related to conduction. Finding an e cient means to performing DSE for ion channels holds promise in several application areas such as nano-medicine and drug development where it is commonly desirable to e ciently reverse-engineer drugs or channels in order to determine which channel structures or drug lead to a particular conduction behavior. One example of DSE would have the dimension of the design space speci ed by dielectric constants throughout the channel, and with a gure-of-merit de ned by the conduction. The primary roadblock to using DSE for ion channels is computational complexity as evaluating each channel characteristic (design point) requires 1010 simulation iterations. If, for example, the design space is de ned by 5 parameters each having 10 possible values, the process of evaluating all possible combinations of these parameters exhaustively would require 105 ∗ 1010 = 1015 simulation iterations. Depending on the time it takes for each iteration, a DSE study could take years or even decades. As a result, it is critical that the approach used for evaluating each design point is both fast and e cient in order to save on simulation time and computational resources. This thesis proposes two approaches for improving the e ciency of DSE for ion channels. First, it proposes an approach for improving the speed of DSE by systematically reducing the design space size using statistical-based inference. It shows how this methodology can be utilized to reduce the design space size by orders of magnitude for two di erent scenarios: with and without the presence of a drug in the channel. Second, it proposes a novel Fine Grained Brownian
Elevated CO2, increased leaf-level productivity and water-use efficiency during the early Miocene

Rising atmospheric CO2 is expected to increase global temperatures, plant water-use efficiency, and carbon storage in the terrestrial biosphere. A CO2 fertilization effect on terrestrial vegetation is predicted to cause global greening as the potential ecospace for forests expands. However, leaflevel fertilization effects, such as increased productivity and water-use efficiency, have not been documented from fossil leaves in periods of heightened atmospheric CO2. Here, we use leaf gas-exchange modeling on a well-preserved fossil flora from early Miocene New Zealand, as well as two previously published tropical floras from the same time period, to reconstruct atmospheric CO2, leaf-level productivity, and intrinsic water-use efficiency. Leaf gas-exchange rates reconstructed from early Miocene fossils, which grew at southern temperate and tropical latitudes when global average temperatures were 5–6 C higher than today, reveal that atmospheric CO2 was ∼ 450–550 ppm. Early Miocene CO2 was similar to projected values for 2040 CE and is consistent with an Earth system sensitivity of 3–7 C to a doubling of CO2. The Southern Hemisphere temperate leaves had higher reconstructed productivity than modern analogs, likely due to a longer growing season. This higher productivity was presumably mirrored at northern temperate latitudes as well, where a greater availability of landmass would have led to increased carbon storage in forest biomass relative to today. Intrinsic water-use efficiency of both temperate and tropical forest trees was high, toward the upper limit of the range for modern trees, which likely expanded the habitable range in regions that could not support forests with high moisture demands under lower atmospheric CO2. Overall, early Miocene elevated atmospheric CO2 sustained globally higher temperatures, and our results provide the first empirical evidence of concomitant enhanced intrinsic water-use efficiency, indicating a forest fertilization effect.
Manager Sentiment, Deal Characteristics, and Takeover Performance

Literature has presented extensive discussion about the driving forces of takeover activities including investor sentiment, liquidity, and fundamental shocks. We examine how manager sentiment constructed on the basis of textual analysis of 10-Ks and 10-Qs, affect takeover characteristics and long-term performance. We find that manager sentiment has a strong positive predictive power for takeover waves. Firms with high manager sentiment tend to acquire large and private targets, complete deals with large size, complex payment structure, and high bidding premium. Manager sentiment decreases the quality of takeover deals and long-term performance.
Electric Current Generation From Dendrimer-Based Magnetofluid Flow in a Toroidal Chamber

Nowadays, the sustainable power generation is the global movement to reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuel. In this framework, new materials are vital in enabling technologies that can offer promising solutions for a sustainable energy future. Magnetofluid (MFs) holds great promise for innovation to power generation. MFs are homogenous combinations of a base fluid and nanoparticles with permanent magnetic dipoles. In this article, the MF composed by polyglycerol dendrimer (PGlyD) as a base fluid for superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) was used to generate a time-varying magnetic flux and induce an electromotive force in a coil. The MF has been prepared from in situ electrosynthesis of 10–19 nm diameter SPIONs inside the cavities of PGlyD and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The magnetization of the PGlyD-SPIONs underflow in a toroidal channel creates a time-varying magnetic flux and induces an electromagnetic force in a coil around the torus generating an electric current. The flow of the magnetized PGLyD-SPIONs in the toroidal chamber was able to give an output current of 0.3 mA. This development of power generators based on PGlyD-SPIONs will be promising for portable electronics.
Trust-Based Determinants of Future Intention to Use Technology

It is widely recognized that one of the factors determining current and future socioeconomic development is the level of digitalization shaping a new type of society — the information society. One area of ICT application within information society is e-Government. A relatively low level of development of e-Government services in Poland was behind the search for the causes of this phenomenon. Among many technological, organizational, human, economic, social, and cultural factors determining the development of e-Government, many researchers indicated trust as one of the most critical factors. Mistrust is perceived as a basic limitation for the implementation of e-Government solutions. The author’s object of interest was e-Declaration technology, which enables electronic filling and sending of tax returns to tax authorities. This article investigates the relationship between the features of technology users and their trust in the e-Declaration technology and their future intention to use the technology. The researched user traits refer to their general trust, overall trust in technology and science development, and their experience and trust in the internet. Data was collected with the use of the CATI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) technique. Altogether, 1,054 completed questionnaires were selected, containing 100% of the answers. The regression analysis was preceded by an analysis of correlations between variables. The hypotheses were confirmed using the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric test. The obtained results confirmed positive relationships between Trust in e-Declaration (T) and all tested constructs: General Trust (GT), overall Trust in Science and Technology (TST), Trust in the Internet (TinI) and Internet Experience (IE). Results also confirmed a positive impact of Trust in e-Declaration (T) on the Future Intention (FI) to use the technology. In the adopted regression model, Trust in the Internet was recognized as a key factor in the success of e-Government development. Therefore, the Polish government, which offers solutions in the field of e-Government and wants to increase trust in the technology as well as extend future adaptations of the technology, should concentrate on building trust in the internet and the development of technology and science in general.
Reinforcement biases subsequent perceptual decisions when confidence is low, a widespread behavioral phenomenon

Learning from successes and failures often improves the quality of subsequent decisions. Past outcomes, however, should not influence purely perceptual decisions after task acquisition is complete since these are designed so that only sensory evidence determines the correct choice. Yet, numerous studies report that outcomes can bias perceptual decisions, causing spurious changes in choice behavior without improving accuracy. Here we show that the effects of reward on perceptual decisions are principled: past rewards bias future choices specifically when previous choice was difficult and hence decision confidence was low. We identified this phenomenon in six datasets from four laboratories, across mice, rats, and humans, and sensory modalities from olfaction and audition to vision. We show that this choice-updating strategy can be explained by reinforcement learning models incorporating statistical decision confidence into their teaching signals. Thus, reinforcement learning mechanisms are continually engaged to produce systematic adjustments of choices even in well-learned perceptual decisions in order to optimize behavior in an uncertain world.
Compliance and competition with heterogeneous service providers: the federal Lifeline program

This paper studies how compliance behavior varies across competing service providers in the Lifeline phone subsidy program and assesses whether enlarging the set of providers improves program outcomes. In markets where firms compete to provide government benefits or services directly to individuals, the most productive firms—in terms of service quality or operating costs—survive and serve the market. However, imperfect enforcement of program rules may weaken competitive pressures through non-compliance, allowing less productive firms to maintain market share. I exploit institutional features of the Lifeline program, state-level variation in regulatory environments and a one-time reform, to empirically document the importance of provider heterogeneity following a 2008 expansion of Lifeline. The presence of low-compliance providers in particular markets drives the largest state-level differences in wasteful or inefficient program spending. Qualitatively, these providers appear to select into state markets with looser enforcement of program rules. In counterfactual simulations, excluding low-compliance providers prevents 500,000 ineligible enrollments, while only reducing eligible enrollments by 100,000. Further restrictions come at a higher cost, reflecting the trade-off of compliance and competition.