Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of water sorption and aluminum releases from high viscosity and resin modified glass ionomer

Background High viscosity glass ionomer cement (HVGIC) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) have recently been clinically preferred thanks to their numerous advantages. However, initial moisture contamination has a negative effect on the mechanical and physical properties of these cements. The aim of this study was in vitro of HVGICs and RMGICs, with and without surface protection, on water sorption, solubility and release of aluminum. Material and Methods In this study, as HVGICs; Equia Forte, IonoStar Plus, Riva Self Cure; as RMCIS, Ionolux and Riva Light Cure; and as control, Z250 universal composite was used. Equia coat, Voco varnish and Riva coat were chosen as surface protective. Water sorption and solubility levels of the samples were measured according to ISO 4049:2009. Al levels released from samples were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) for 7, 14 and 21 days. Statistical evaluation of the results was made using one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test (p<0.05). Results RMGICs from restorative materials showed more water absorption than HVGICs, but no differences in solubility. Among the materials tested, the water absorption values of the HVGIC and RMGIC materials without surface protection were higher than those with the surface protection (p<0.001). Conclusions It was determined that the Al release of HVGIC and RMGIC groups with the surface protection were lower in all time periods than the groups without surface protection (p<0.001). The application of surface protection effectively reduced water sorption and Al release from HVGICs and RMGICs. Key words:Highly viscous glass ionomer cement, resin coating, aluminum release, water sorption, solubility.
Participation of the coagulation system and fibrinolysis as well as selected biomarkers in pathogenesis of chronic urticaria with various activity degree

Introduction Chronic urticaria is a complex disease process in which chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and chronic inducible urticaria are distinguished. Its etiopathogenesis still remains unknown. Some recent studies indicated a significant participation of vitamin D in the etiopathogenesis of urticaria. In 40–50% of patients with CSU on the basis of the positive result of the autologous serum skin test (ASST), autoimmunological background of the disease is diagnosed. Moreover, numerous test results confirm involvement of the coagulation system/fibrinolysis and non-infectious inflammatory factors in the pathophysiology of CSU. Aim To determine whether some factors may play a role in pathogenesis and contribute to the severity of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Material and methods One hundred and forty-two patients with diagnosed CSU were enrolled in the study. The activity of urticaria was assessed using the UAS-7 (Urticaria Activity Score). The study participants were divided into 4 groups depending on the UAS-7. ASST was performed and blood was collected to determine the biomarkers (CRP, vitamin D, D-dimers, fibrinogen, MPV, PLT). Results Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 13. A statistically significant difference between groups with various activity of urticaria in D-dimer concentration average values (p < 0.05) was observed. Moreover, a statistically significant negative correlation between activity of urticaria and vitamin D concentration (p < 0.001) was noted. Conclusions Our results might support the possible involvement of both coagulation and fibrinolysis pathway and vitamin D in the urticaria pathomechanism. Further prospective studies in larger populations conducted at multiple centres are required to expand further our findings.
Detection and treatment of critical illnesses using oligonucleotides

Development of multiple organ dysfunction/failure, known as multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), is the most important clinical event following infection or extensive tissue injury, as it directly correlates with morbidity and mortality. Following the resulting cellular injury, nuclear proteins, of which histones are the most abundant, are released into the circulation and have been implicated as key players in this condition. Unfortunately, anti-histone therapies (e.g., heparin and toll-like-receptor blocking antibodies) have failed in clinical trials due to non-specific effects causing
Low-level laser therapy in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and oral lichen planus: a literature review

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and oral lichen planus (OLP) present inflammatory, recurrent diseases of the oral mucosa with not fully understood aetiology. Despite numerous attempts to discover an effective treatment for RAS and OLP, the current main treatment strategies are largely confined to the reduction of symptoms. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is of interest as a novel treatment modality. The aim of the paper was to discuss the mechanism of action and the biological effects of LLLT and to critically review and summarize recent clinical reports on the management of RAS and OLP. Most of the studies demonstrated the beneficial effect of LLLT in accelerating the healing process and pain reduction. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of studies available and empirical design using various irradiation parameters.
Sensitivity Analysis and Impact of the Kappa‐Correction of Residual Ionospheric Biases on Radio Occultation Climatologies

A new model was recently introduced to correct for higher‐order ionospheric residual biases in radio occultation (RO) data. The model depends on the α1 and α2 dual‐frequency bending angle difference squared, and a factor κ, which varies with time, season, solar activity, and height, needing only the F10.7 solar radio flux index as additional background information. To date, this kappa‐correction was analyzed in simulation studies. In this study, we test it on real observed Metop‐A RO data. The goal is to improve the accuracy of monthly mean RO climate records, potentially raising the accuracy of RO data toward higher stratospheric altitudes. We performed a thorough analysis of the kappa‐correction, evaluating its ionospheric sensitivity during the solar cycle for monthly RO climatologies and comparing the kappa‐corrected RO stratospheric climatologies to three other data sets from reanalysis and passive infrared sounding. We find a clear dependence of the kappa‐correction on solar activity, geographic location, and altitude; hence, it reduces systematic errors that vary with the solar cycle. From low to high solar activity conditions, the correction can increase from values of about 0.2 K to more than 2.0 K at altitudes between 40 to 45 km. The correction shifts RO climatologies toward warmer temperatures. With respect to other data sets, however, we found it difficult to draw firm conclusions, because the biases in the other data sets appear to be at similar magnitude as the size of the kappa‐correction. Further validation with more accurate data will be useful.
Systematical Analyses of Global Ionospheric Disturbance Current Systems Caused by Multiple Processes: Penetration Electric Fields, Solar Wind Pressure Impulses, Magnetospheric Substorms, and ULF Waves

We present the first systematic analysis of global ionospheric disturbance current systems caused by multiple processes of solar and magnetospheric origin, including reorientations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), sudden changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure, magnetospheric sawtooth substorms, and ultralow frequency (ULF) waves. Measurements from global magnetometer networks are used to derive the equivalent disturbance currents from the polar cap to the equator. A surprising result is that the equivalent disturbance current systems are very similar, although the driving processes are completely different. The equivalent disturbance current system in response to IMF reorientation or substorm onset is characterized by a large vortex on the dayside and evening sector and a smaller vortex near dawn, and the polarity of the current vortices depends on the IMF direction. The equivalent disturbance current system caused by a sudden change in the solar wind pressure or by ULF waves consists of a single vortex at middle and low latitudes and a very small vortex above ~60° magnetic latitude near dawn. The similar disturbance current systems caused by different solar wind and magnetospheric processes suggest that the global distribution of the ionospheric currents is determined by the intrinsic property of the ionosphere. The global current system takes only ~1 min to completely reconstruct, indicating that the current system can reach a new steady state within 1 min. A scenario is proposed to explain the global distribution and fast reconstruction of the current systems.
Comparative Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Hydrophytes in Constructed Wetland

The LI-6400 portable photosynthetic system was employed to measure the net photosynthetic rate (Pn),photosynthetically active radiation (PAR),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci),leaf temperature (Tl),atmospheric temperature (Ta) around the leaves and transpiration rate (Tr) of Iris pseudacorus,Acorus calamus,Scirpus validus and Lythrum salicaria,which growth in horizontal-subsurface constructed wetland units,in order to study and compare their photosynthetic characteristics.The results were as follows:The curves of diurnal variation of Pn in leaves of four wetland plants showed two peaks which indicated a remarkable photosynthetic "midday depressions" . The analysis of partial correlation and path on Pn and its factors showed that the diurnal variation of Pn in leaves of wetland plants had significant correlation with Gs,PAR,Ci and Tr,respectively.Gs,PAR and Ci were the main factors which affected Pn of Iris pseudacorus and the order of effecting ability was GsPARCi;Gs and Tr were the main factors which affected Pn of both Acorus calamus and Lythrum salicaria and the order of effecting ability was GsTr,respectively;Ci was the only main factor which affected Pn of Scirpus validus.The order of the average values of Pn was Scirpus validusAcorus calamusIris pseudacorusLythrum salicaria.However,there was no significant difference among them.For the four kinds of plants,the Pn-PFD response curves and Pn-CO2 response curves had the same regular change,which could be quantitatively described by quadratic equation,respectively.The order of the light compensation points was Lythrum salicariaScirpus validusIris pseudacorusAcorus calamus.The order of the light saturation points was Scirpus validusAcorus calamusLythrum salicariaIris pseudacorus.The order of the carbon dioxide compensation points was Scirpus validusIris pseudacorusAcorus calamusLythrum salicaria and the order of the carbon dioxide saturation point was Acorus calamusLythrum salicariaIris pseudacorusScirpus validus.The apparent quantum yield and carboxylation efficiency of four kinds of wetland plants,on daily basis,were varied from 0.019 8 to 0.038 3 mol·mol-1 and 0.042 6 to 0.064 8 mol·m-2·s-1,respectively.The results indicated that the average net photosynthetic rate,energy efficiency and CO2 assimilation capacity were not significantly different among the four kinds of wetland plants and the photosynthetic "midday depressions" was mainly resulted from stomatal limitation.
Genetic evaluation of heat tolerance in Holstein cows in Japan

Abstract We used test‐day records and daily records from provincial weather stations in Japan to evaluate heat tolerance (HT) in Holstein cows according to a random regression test‐day model. Data were a total of 1,641,952 test‐day records for heritability estimates and 17,245,694 test‐day records for genetic evaluation of HT by using milk yield and somatic cell score (SCS) in Holstein cows that had calved for the first time in 2000 through 2015. Temperature–humidity index (THI) values were estimated by using average daily temperature and average daily relative humidity records from 60 provincial Japanese weather stations. The model contained herd–test‐day, with lactation curves on days in milk within month–age group as a fixed effect. General additive genetic effect and HT of additive genetic effect were included as random effects. The threshold value of THI was set to 60. For milk yield, estimated mean heritabilities were lower during heat stress (THI = 78; 0.20 and 0.28) than when below the heat stress threshold (THI ≤ 60; 0.26 and 0.31). For SCS, heritability estimates (range 0.08–0.10) were similar under all heat stress conditions. Genetic trends of HT indicated that EBVs of HT are changing in an undesirable direction.
QTL analysis for yield-related traits under water stress at flowering in tropical maize (Zea mays L)

In the present study 300 doubled haploid lines from six populations were phenotyped with four yield related traits under water stress at flowering. Quantitative trait loci analysis was done for 263 lines which were genotyped successfully based on individual location and combined locations. For the four yield related traits viz., Anthesis silking interval, ear weight, ears per plant and chlorphyll content a total of 48 significant QTLs were detected based on the separate individual location analysis, of which 26 were detected for Hyderabad location data and 22 detected for Aurangabad location data. In the combined analysis there were 18 QTLs detected in which four QTLs found in population group 1(for ASI), four QTLs in population group 2 (one each for ASI and ears per plant and two for ear weight)and 10 QTLS detected in Pooled population analysis (two for ASI, one for chlorophyll content, five for ears per plant and two for ear weight). However, in combined location QTL analysis one common overlapping QTL was identified on chromosome 8 with same interval for ears per plant and ear weight. Meanwhile eight and three major QTLs were identified in individual location and combined location analysis. These genomic regions could be candidate targets for further fine mapping and marker-assisted breeding in maize.
Information and Inequality in the Time of a Pandemic

We introduce two types of agent heterogeneity in a calibrated epidemiological search model. First, some agents cannot afford staying home to minimize their virus exposure, while others can. Our results show that these poor agents bear most of the epidemic’s health costs. Moreover, we show that having more agents who do not change their behavior during the pandemic could lead to a deeper recession. Second, agents are heterogeneous in developing symptoms. We show that diseases with higher share of asymptomatic cases, even if less lethal, lead to worse health and economic outcomes. Public policies such as testing, quarantining, and lockdowns are particularly beneficial in economies with a larger share of poor agents. However, lockdowns lose effectiveness when part of the agents take precautions to minimize virus exposure independent of government actions.
Historical Development of Fiscal Policy Operation among Sub-Saharan African Countries

In recent decades, economists and historians have increasingly turned to Africa’s colonial past to explain contemporary differences in economic outcomes – especially fiscal stance within the African continent, as well as differences between Africa and other regions of the world. We join the debate by exploring the historical records of colonial state finances to see their development and possible link with recent fiscal outcomes among Sub-Saharan African countries. We found that taxes constituted the financial and political backbone of the colonial state and were vital to the state building efforts of colonial governments. Similarly there are significant difference and similarities between British and French territories in terms of tax administration and expenditure policies. There is greater importance on education expenditure in British colonies, stronger reliance on direct taxation in French colonies. The remarkable achievements in fiscal policy reforms by some SSA countries in recent years has its root to colonial era. To consolidate the gains and to tackle the remaining problems, it is imperative that SSA policy makers commit themselves – and remain firmly committed – to sound fiscal policies. JEL Classification Codes: E62, H60, O23, C23
On the Analytical and Numerical Solutions in the Quantum Magnetoplasmas: The Atangana Conformable Derivative (1+3)-ZK Equation with Power-Law Nonlinearity

In this research paper, our work is connected with one of the most popular models in quantum magnetoplasma applications. The computational wave and numerical solutions of the Atangana conformable derivative ( )- Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation with power-law nonlinearity are investigated via the modified Khater method and septic-B-spline scheme. This model is formulated and derived by employing the well-known reductive perturbation method. Applying the modified Khater (mK) method, septic B-spline scheme to the ( )- ZK equation with power-law nonlinearity after harnessing suitable wave transformation gives plentiful unprecedented ion-solitary wave solutions. Stability property is checked for our results to show their applicability for applying in the model’s applications. The result solutions are constructed along with their 2D, 3D, and contour graphical configurations for clarity and exactitude.
Cost Volume Profitability Analysis-An Empirical Study With Reference To Salem Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL),Tamilnadu

Cost Volume Profitability analysis has become a powerful instrument in the hands of policy makers to maximize the profits in the present scenario. The relationship between cost, revenue and profit at different levels may be expressed in graphs such as break-even charts, profit volume graphs or in various statements forms. Profit depends on a large number of factors which are the cost of manufacturing, and the volume of sales. Therefore, the researcher has taken Salem Steel Authority of India Limited, Tamilnadu which is one among the steel industries in India to measure the profitability position through BEP analysis. In order to fulfill the objectives, the researcher has taken ten years financial data from the period of 2005-2006 to 20142015 in the form of secondary data. From the results, a PV ratio from 2005-06 to 2014-15 are gradually increased and also breakeven point shows a satisfactory level with respect to all the level of sales volume in all ten years. Therefore, it is concluded that CVP analysis is used to escalate production capacity and utilize advanced technology to reduce cost of production and wage cost for the purpose hiking the profitability, volume, not only against the investment, but also from the investor’s return point of view.
Evaluation of the Resistance to Leaf Rust of 6 Wheat Lines

In order to evaluate the leaf rust resistance of 6 wheat lines tested,we did the resistance identification in seedling and adult stages with 42 resistance gene lines as tester,inoculated by 8 path-types of pucciuina triticina.Combined gene postulation with the molecular assisted identification,we could concluded that Lr3ka,Lr42and Lr44 were posttulated in cp02-62——8-1-1;Lr2c,Lr3bg,Lr16,Lr26 and Lr42 were posttulated in cp01-27-3-3-177;Lr16 and Lr26 were present in cp20-3-3-4-178;Lr3,Lr3bg,Lr11,Lr17,Lr26 and Lr42 were present in cp20-30-1-5-218 and cp02-39-2-4-377.cp20-38-4-3-2 may carry Lr16,Lr26,Lr37 and other know or un-known resistance genes to leaf rust.However,the specific bands for resistant genes of Lr1,Lr9,Lr10,Lr12,Lr19,Lr20,Lr21,Lr24,Lr28,Lr29,Lr34,Lr35,Lr38,Lr41 and Lr47 were not be detected with the corresponding primers in the 6 lines.The results indicated that there were quite rich resistant genes to leaf rust in the 6 wheat lines.
Migration, Caste and Marginalised Sections Inequality in the Coverage of Basic Services in Urban India

This paper was written as part of the initiative to Strengthen and Harmonize Research and Action on Migration in the Indian Context (SHRAMIC), supported by Tata Trusts. SHRAMIC is anchored by Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research in collaboration with Centre for Policy Research, National Institute of Urban Affairs, IRIS Knowledge Foundation and the Migration Program Partners of Tata Trusts.
Selection indices for improving the selection efficiency of rice genotypes using grain quality traits

Association study and selection of best rice genotypes based on grain quality traits was experimented with 44 rice cultures. The study material comprised of 40 stabilised mutant lines of ADT 37 and ADT (R) 45 and four varieties. The grains with 11–13 per cent of moisture content were subjected for all grain quality estimation/quantification. It is observed that the amylose did not show any correlation with any of the milling properties as well the Alkali Spread Value. Protein has a negative correlation with Gel Consistency. Kernel breadth exhibited a negative correlation with most of the traits. Volume expansion has a good positive correlation with grain elongation after cooking. Upon comparison of selection indices viz., Multiplicative Index, Index Free of Weights and Parameters, Base Index, Classical index, Index based on the sum of Ranks and Index based on gains desired, the multiplicative index has given higher gains for most of the traits. However the index based on the sum of ranks was found to give good weightage to all the important traits. Hence the genotypes viz., ACM17006, ACM 18001, ACM18021, ACM18011, ACM18017 were found promising in this study based on the sum of ranks index.