Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Basics and Recent Advances

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease, characterized by esophageal dysfunction and intense eosinophil infiltration localized in the esophagus. In recent decades, EoE has become a growing concern as a major cause of dysphagia and food impaction in adolescents and adults. EoE is a clinicopathological disease for which the histological demonstration of esophageal eosinophilia is essential for diagnosis. Therefore, the recognition of the characteristic endoscopic features with subsequent biopsy are critical for early definitive diagnosis and treatment, in order to prevent complications. Accumulating reports have revealed that EoE has several non-specific characteristic endoscopic findings, such as rings, furrows, white exudates, stricture/narrowing, edema, and crepe-paper esophagus. These findings were recently unified under the EoE endoscopic reference score (EREFS), which has been widely used as an objective, standard measurement for endoscopic EoE assessment. However, the diagnostic consistency of those findings among endoscopists is still inadequate, leading to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. Some endoscopic findings suggestive of EoE, such as multiple polypoid lesions, caterpillar sign, ankylosaurus back sign, and tug sign/pull sign, will aid the diagnosis. In addition, image-enhanced endoscopy represented by narrow band imaging, endocytoscopy, and artificial intelligence are expected to render endoscopic diagnosis more efficient and less invasive. This review focuses on suggestions for endoscopic assessment and biopsy, including recent advances in optical technology which may improve the diagnosis of EoE.
Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Eustoma grandiflorum, the first complete genome sequence in the genus Eustoma

Abstract Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. is an annual herbaceous plant native to the southern United States, Mexico, and the Greater Antilles. It has a large flower with a variety of colors and is an important flower crop. In this study, we established a chromosome-scale de novo assembly of E. grandiflorum genome sequences by integrating four genomic and genetic approaches: (1) Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) Sequel deep sequencing, (2) error correction of the assembly by Illumina short reads, (3) scaffolding by chromatin conformation capture sequencing (Hi-C), and (4) genetic linkage maps derived from an F2 mapping population. Thirty-six pseudomolecules and 64 unplaced scaffolds were created, with a total length of 1,324.8 Mb. A total of 36,619 genes were predicted on the genome as high-confidence genes. A comparison of genome structure between E. grandiflorum and C. canephora or O. pumila suggested whole-genome duplication after the divergence between the families Gentianaceae and Rubiaceae. Phylogenetic analysis with single-copy genes suggested that the divergence time between Gentianaceae and Rubiaceae was 74.94 MYA. Genetic diversity analysis was performed for nine commercial E. grandiflorum varieties bred in Japan, from which 254,205 variants were identified. This first report on the construction of a reference genome sequence in the genus Eustoma is expected to contribute to genetic and genomic studies in this genus and in the family Gentianaceae.
Water-molecule dissociation by proton and hydrogen impact

Time-of-flight-based mass analysis of charged water fragments have been used to measure the dissociative and the nondissociative reaction pathways of water formed during collisions with 15 to 100 keV and 500 to 3500 keV H+ projectiles and with 8 to 100 keV H-0 projectiles. The fragmentation pathways resulting from the ionization and the electron capture collisions with the incident H+ and H-0 projectiles, as well as collisions involving projectile electron loss by the incident H-0 projectiles, were separately recorded by detecting the target product ions in coincidence with either the ejected target electrons or the charge-analyzed projectiles. The fragmentation profile shows that at high collision energies the ionization of water arises mainly through outer shell processes. At lower energies valence electron capture and ionization dominate and transfer ionization leads to substantially different fragmentation patterns. H-0 and H+ projectiles are found to be equally efficient at ionizing the water molecule. These results are of particular interest to workers in astrophysics and those involved in cancer therapy with heavy particle ion beams.
Brain Correlates of Chinese Handwriting and Their Relation to Reading Development in Children: An fMRI Study

Handwriting plays an important role in written communication, reading, and academic success. However, little is known about the neural correlates of handwriting in children. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a copying task, we investigated regional brain activation and functional lateralization associated with Chinese handwriting in children (N = 36, 9–11 years old), as well as their relations to reading skills. We found significant activation of the bilateral frontal motor cortices, somatosensory cortex, intraparietal sulcus (IPS), fusiform gyrus (FuG), and cerebellum during handwriting, suggesting that an adult-like brain activation pattern emerges by middle childhood. Moreover, children showed left-lateralized and bilateral activation of motor regions and right-lateralized activation of the FuG and cerebellum during handwriting, suggesting that functional lateralization of handwriting is not fully established by this age. Finally, the activation of Exner’s area and the lateralization of the IPS and cerebellum during handwriting were correlated with reading skills, possibly representing a neural link between handwriting and reading in children. Collectively, this study reveals the brain correlates of handwriting and their relation to reading development in Chinese children, offering new insight into the development of handwriting and reading skills.
Integration of Molecular Data in the Prognostic Stratification and Management of Endometrial Carcinoma

In the last years, the TCGA-based molecular classifier have been progressively integrated in the management of endometrial carcinoma. While molecular assays are increasingly available across pathology laboratories, the additional costs will expectedly be compensated by a reduction in overtreatments and a prevention of recurrences. The additional time might be shortened by assessing molecular markers on biopsy specimens. Retrospective data suggest that the molecular classifier will have a major impact of on the risk stratification, with many patients having their risk class down- or upstaged based on POLE mutations or p53 abnormalities, respectively. However, there are still several issues to be resolved, such as the prognostic value of the TCGA classifier in each FIGO stage, or the type of adjuvant treatment most suitable for each molecular group. Other issues regard the prognostic stratification of the mismatch repair-deficient and “no specific molecular profile” groups, which currently follows the same criteria; however, the former seems to be prognostically consistent regardless of FIGO grade and histotype, whereas the latter appears highly heterogeneous. Numerous clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular markers have been proposed to refine the TCGA classification, but their prognostic value is still undefined. Hopefully, prospective data collected in the next years will help resolving these issues.
Systematic Position of Ptilophorus dufourii Inferred from Its Primary Larva, with Notes on Ptilophorinae (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae)

Abstract. Since the description of Ptilophorus dufourii (Latreille, 1818), the unknown immature stages and biology of Ptilophorinae is one of the longest persisting gap in the research of the wedge-shaped beetles (Ripiphoridae). Here we describe the primary larva of P. dufourii based on SEM and CLSM images. Its modified mouthparts unsuitable to grasp prey rule out predaceous habits and also processing any solid substrates (e.g., wood or other fresh plant tissues). In contrast, the weakly sclerotized and very small body, the enlargement of the sensorial appendage of the antennae, and simplified mouthparts strongly suggest parasitism and consumption of liquid food. We provide a comparison with the only known larva of Pelecotominae, another possible basal lineage of Ripiphoridae, and discuss potential synapomorphies and differences between larvae of both subfamilies. A sistergroup relationship between Ptilophorinae and Pelecotominae is suggested by the presence of only two stemmata, spatulate femoral setae, a scale-like lateral cranial surface, and an enlarged antennal sensorial appendage, and a clade Ripidiini + Ripiphorinae by a characteristic boat-shape of the primary larvae. The host of P. dufourii remains unknown. We reviewed published host records, but none of them is based on traceable evidence and none of them appears credible. Observations of adult behaviour of P. dufourii are documented. Taxonomy and systematics of Ptilophorus and Ptilophorinae are discussed. The Cretaceous Spinotoma ruicheni Hsiao et Huang, 2017 is transferred from Pelecotominae to Ptilophorinae in accordance with diagnostic characters given in the original description and current definitions of both subfamilies.
Continuous Indoor Tracking via Differential RSS Fingerprinting

Indoor navigation is necessary for users to explore large unfamiliar indoor environments such as airports, shopping malls, and hospital complex, which relies on the capability of continuously tracking a user's location. A typical indoor navigation system is built on top of a suitable Indoor Positioning System (IPS) and requires the user to periodically submit location queries to learn their whereabouts whereby to provide update-to-date navigation information. Received signal strength (RSS)-based IPSes are considered as one of the most classical IPSes, which locates a user by comparing the user's RSS measurement with the fingerprints collected at different locations in advance. Despite its significant advantages, existing RSS-IPSes suffer from two key challenges, the ambiguity of RSS fingerprints and device diversity, that may greatly reduce its positioning accuracy. In this paper, we introduce the design and evaluation of CITS, a novel RSS-based continuous indoor tracking system that can effectively cope with fingerprint ambiguity and device diversity via differential RSS fingerprint matching. Detailed experiment studies confirm the significant advantages of CITS over prior RSS-based solutions.
Some estimates of the Baltic deep-water transport through the Stolpe trench

ABSTRACT The subsurface flowof high-salinewater masses from the Bornholm Basin through the Stolpe Channel plays an important role for the renewal of the Baltic Central Basin deep waters. In order to determine whether rotating 112 -layer hydraulic theory is an appropriate tool for describing this process, maximal-transport estimates based on climatological data from the Bornholm and Gdansk Basins have been established. These were found to deviate considerably from observational realities, and hence similar hydraulic considerations were also applied to more-or-less synoptic field data from a Finnish field campaign carried through in the mid-1980s. Also in this case significant differences were found between calculated transport capacity and observations. Since it furthermorewas demonstrated that the characteristics of the observed crosschannel hydrographic structure could be explained using a frictional-balance model of the deep-water flow, it has been concluded that a hydraulic framework, although providing an upper bound of the transport, is of limited use when dealing with the Stolpe-Channel overflow. Although it cannot be excluded that the inflow is inviscid, but submaximal, it is more likely that the transport is governed by the combined effects of friction and wind forcing.
Mechanical Performance of Flax Fiber Composites with Waste Glass Fibers as a Core Structure

This work sheds light on the first steps towards using glass fiber waste for semi-structural applications. This work aims to improve the properties of random flax fiber composites by incorporating waste glass fibers (WGF) obtained from the fiber production line. The waste glass fibers were incorporated as a core structure between the flax layers to form a hybrid composite. Two routes of manufacturing viz. vacuum infusion and autoclave were used to identify the optimum route to incorporate the WGF in flax fiber composites. The quality of composites was investigated in terms of residual void content and thickness uniformity. Residual void content was identified to be directly proportional to the WGF content in the composites. With the increase in WGF content, the flexural and impact properties were increased by 47% and 117%, respectively, indicating a positive hybridization effect. Furthermore, a global warming potential indicator was identified to be small, indicating the eco-friendliness of these composites.
Efficacy and synergy with cisplatin of an adenovirus vectored therapeutic E1E2E6E7 vaccine against HPV genome positive C3 cancers in mice.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the main cause of cervical and oropharyngeal cancer. As prophylactic vaccines have no curative effect, an efficient therapy would be highly desired. Most therapeutic vaccine candidates target only a small subset of HPV regulatory proteins, namely E6 and E7, and are therefore restricted in breadth of their immune response. However, research has suggested E1 and E2 as promising targets to fight HPV+ cancer. Here, we report the design of adenoviral vectors efficiently expressing HPV16 E1 and E2 in addition to transformation-deficient E6 and E7. Vaccination elicited vigorous CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses against all encoded HPV16 proteins in outbred mice and against E1 and E7 in C57BL/6 mice. Therapeutic vaccination of C3 tumor-bearing mice lead to significantly reduced tumor growth and enhanced survival for both small and established tumors. Tumor biopsies revealed increased numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in treated mice. Cisplatin enhanced the effect of therapeutic vaccination, accompanied by enhanced infiltration of dendritic cells into the tumor. CD8+ T cells were identified as effector cells in T-cell depletion assays, seemingly under regulation by FoxP3+CD4+ regulatory T cells. Finally, therapeutic vaccination with Ad-Ii-E1E2E6E7 exhibited significantly enhanced survival compared to vaccination with two peptides each harboring a known E6/E7 epitope. We hypothesize that this difference could be due to the induction of additional T-cell responses against E1. These results support use of this novel vaccine candidate targeting an extended set of antigens (Ad-Ii-E1E2E6E7), in combination with cisplatin, as an advanced strategy to combat HPV+ cancers.
Level and Associated Factors of Literacy and Stigma of Suicide among Bangladeshi Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Assessment

Objectives. Literacy and stigma of suicide among doctors affect health-service delivery for persons with suicidal behavior. However, no attempt has been identified to assess those among physicians in Bangladesh. We aimed to determine the level and associated factors of suicide literacy and stigma toward suicide among physicians in Bangladesh. Methods. We collected data from 203 physicians in February 2022 by Google Forms. We used the Bangla literacy of suicide scale (LOSS-B) and the Bangla stigma of suicide scale (SOSS-B) to assess the literacy and stigma of suicide. The instrument also included questions for collecting sociodemographic variables and assessing suicidal behavior. Results. The mean age of the physicians was 34.17 ± 7.86 (range 23–66) years, 109 (53.7%) were females, 150 (73.9%) were married, and 181 (89.2%) were Muslim. The mean LOSS-B score was 5.9 ± 1.96 (range 1-10). Suicide literacy was higher in singles ( p = 0.013 ), doctors with a family history of suicide ( p = 0.018 ), a history of suicidal thought in lifetime ( p ≤ 0.001 ), and in the last year ( p = 0.03 ). Muslims ( p = 0.017 ) and city dwellers ( p = 0.021 ) had higher scores in the stigma subscale of SOSS-B whilst respondents with history of mental illness had a significantly lower level of stigma ( p ≤ 0.006 ). The stigma and isolation subscales were positively correlated indicating a higher value stigma creates higher isolation ( p ≤ 0.001 ). No relationship between suicide literacy and suicide stigma was identified among the physicians. Conclusions. Suicide literacy among the physicians of Bangladesh is low albeit higher than the level among the students. Appropriate programs should be designed to improve the status quo because physicians play fundamental roles as health-service providers as well as gatekeepers in suicide prevention.
Pengaruh Hyperparameter Convolutional Neural Network Arsitektur ResNet-50 Pada Klasifikasi Citra Daging Sapi dan Daging Babi

Abstrak - Kasus kecurangan pedagang mencampur daging sapi dengan daging babi masih terjadi hingga saat ini. Membedakan daging sapi dan babi dapat dilakukan dengan mengamati secara langsung satu persatu, tetapi hal ini dapat dilakukan oleh para ahli, Tetapi secara kasat mata masih sulit membedakannya. Perilaku pedagang seperti ini sangat merugikan konsumen khususnya pemeluk agama Islam karena berkaitan dengan makanan yang halal atau haram. Pada penelitain ini menggunakan metode Deep Learning untuk klasifikasi citra dengan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) arsitektur ResNet-50. Jumlah data sebanyak 457 citra yang terbagi menjadi 3 kelas, yaitu daging babi, daging oplosan dan daging sapi. Setiap kelas memiliki ukuran gambar yang sama yaitu 300 x 300 pixel. Pembagian data menggunakan split data dengan perbandingan 70% data uji : 30% data uji, 80% data latih : 20% data uji, dan 90% data latih : 10% data uji. Hasil dari pengujian model dengan Confusion Matrix menunjukkan performa klasifikasi tertinggi dengan 100% accuracy, 100% precision, dan 100% recall, pada data citra asli dengan penggunaan batch size 32, 0.001 learning rate, epoch 75 dan split data 90% : 10%. Kata kunci: Convolutional Neural Network, Daging Babi dan Sapi, Deep Learning, Klasifikasi Citra, ResNet Abstract - Traders mixing beef and pork are still committing fraud today. Although professionals can discern between beef and pork by watching them one by one, it is still impossible to do so with the naked eye. This kind of behavior is very detrimental to consumers, especially Muslims because it is related to halal or haram food. This research uses Deep Learning method to classify images with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) ResNet-50 architecture. The number of data is 457 images which are divided into 3 classes, namely pork, mixed meat and beef. Each class has the same image size, which is 300 x 300 pixels. data distribution using split data with a comparison of 70% training data: 30% test data, 80% training data: 20% test data, and 90% training data: 10% test data. The results of model testing using the Confusion Matrix show the highest classification performance with 100% accuracy, 100% precision, and 100% recall, on the original image data using batch size 32, 0.001 learning rate, epoch 75 and split data 90%: 10%. Kata kunci: Convolutional Neural Networ, Deep Learning, Image Classification, Pork and Beef, ResNet
Onset of nonlinear waves on falling films

Steady waves on a thin liquid film flowing down an inclined plane are analyzed near the critical Reynolds number. A second‐order bifurcation analysis of an interface equation, which is valid to third order in the long‐wave expansion, reveals two sets of waves near criticality. One set travels faster than twice the interfacial velocity, while the other set is symmetrically slower for the vertical film. Each set contains two families of shocks, one family of periodic waves, and a single solitary wave. Local analytical estimates of the velocity, amplitude, and wavelength are obtained for all waves. These estimates are favorably compared to numerical solutions of the steady waves and to experimental data near criticality. An interesting result is that naturally excited waves with wavelengths close to the maximum growing linear mode should not be studied with a local analysis near the neutral curve. Instead, they are better approximated by a Melnikov perturbation of the solitary wave solution.
LAIR1, an ITIM-Containing Receptor Involved in Immune Disorders and in Hematological Neoplasms

Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptor 1 (LAIR1, CD305) belongs to the family of immune-inhibitory receptors and is widely expressed on hematopoietic mature cells, particularly on immune cells. Four different types of ligands of LAIR1 have been described, including collagens, suggesting a potential immune-regulatory function on the extracellular matrix. By modulating cytokine secretion and cellular functions, LAIR1 displays distinct patterns of expression among NK cell and T/B lymphocyte subsets during their differentiation and cellular activation and plays a major negative immunoregulatory role. Beyond its implications in physiology, the activity of LAIR1 can be inappropriately involved in various autoimmune or inflammatory disorders and has been implicated in cancer physiopathology, including hematological neoplasms. Its action as an inhibitory receptor can result in the dysregulation of immune cellular responses and in immune escape within the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, when expressed by tumor cells, LAIR1 can modulate their proliferation or invasion properties, with contradictory pro- or anti-tumoral effects depending on tumor type. In this review, we will focus on its role in normal physiological conditions, as well as during pathological situations, including hematological malignancies. We will also discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting LAIR1 for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and cancer settings.
Nonlinear Character of Resonance in Stretched Strings

The forced vibrations of stretched strings near their resonance frequencies exhibit several features that cannot be explained on the basis of the classical theory. As the driving frequency approaches resonance frequency, the increase in the amplitude of vibration of the string causes a change in its tension and the restoring force becomes nonlinear. Experiment shows that the amplitude response exhibits a downward jump while the driving frequency is being increased and an upward jump at a different frequency while the frequency is being decreased. Moreover, when the amplitude of vibration in the plane of the driving force reaches a certain critical value, which depends upon the magnitude of the driving force, the string acquires a component of motion in a direction normal to the plane of the string and the force. These phenomena are always observed in a more or less conspicuous manner, depending upon the magnitude of the force. When the restriction to infinitesimally small amplitudes of vibration (which is untenable near resonance) is removed, the motion of the string is governed by a pair of nonlinear, partial differential equations. Appropriate solutions of these equations show that the jump phenomena and the nonplanar vibration are the normal pattern of resonance behavior of stretched strings, however small the driving force may be. Response patterns and other results deduced from theory agree closely with those obtained from experiment.