Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing Drone2Map versus Pix4Dmapper when Creating Comparing Drone2Map versus Pix4Dmapper when Creating Orthophoto Mosaics over Homogeneous Land Features Orthophoto Mosaics over Homogeneous Land Features

Abstract This study evaluated two popular software packages currently used within the natural resources profession to create orthophoto mosaics: Drone2Map and Pix4Dmapper. Of particular concern was how effective these two software packages would perform in creating orthophoto mosaics over a city park in East Texas consisting of forest, open grass, and urban concrete surrounding a lake. Two drone flights over the city park were conducted. One flight was at 76 meters (250 feet) above ground with a single pass configuration. The other flight was at 122 meters (400 feet) above ground with a double pass configuration. Upon the completion of each drone flight, two orthophoto mosaics were created for each flight using all images acquired per flight with Drone2Map and Pix4Dmapper software. For the single pass configuration Drone2Map failed to complete a basic orthophoto mosaic. For the double pass configuration Drone2Map did improve within the forest, grass and urban concrete areas surrounding the lake, but it was not able to identify tie points within the homogeneous lake surface resulting in void areas in the center of the lake. Pix4Dmapper was an improvement over Drone2Map for the single pass configuration, and performed better than Drone2Map in the forest, grass and urban concrete areas, but it also failed to identify tie points within the homogeneous lake. Pix4Dmapper for the double pass configuration was able to produce a complete orthophoto mosaic for all land features within the study area including the homogeneous lake. These results indicate that when a drone is flown in a double grid pattern Pix4Dmapper will produce a complete orthophoto mosaic, even over homogenous areas like a small lake, when compared to Drone2Map.
Managing Forests as Common Property

The purpose of this study is to bring together available information about the role of common property as a system of governance and its present relevance to forest management and use, to review the historical record of common property systems that have disappeared or survived, to examine the experience of selected contemporary collective management programmes in different countries, and to identify the main factors that appear to determine success or failure at the present time.
Technologies of indigeneity : indigenous collective identity narratives in online communities

This thesis examines contemporary constructions of collective indigenous identity. It specifically focuses on the offline and online interactions among the members of Bibaknets, an online community for indigenous peoples from the highlands of the Cordillera Region, Philippines. The study explores the relational and positional nature of collective indigenous identity as Cordillerans attempt to resolve the tensions between their experiences of marginalisation and their goal for empowerment. Drawing upon Michel Foucault’s concept of governmentality, the thesis critically analyses the processes of Cordilleran collective identity construction which are inscribed in power relations not only between highlanders and the dominant population but also among themselves. On the one hand, members are motivated to join and participate in Bibaknets discussions as a forum for Cordillerans. On the other hand, such participation is constrained by some members who direct the discussions and consequently define the membership of the forum.
Lung ultrasonography for detection of atelectasis in adults undergoing robot assisted laparoscopic pelvic surgeries

Introduction: Robot-assisted laparoscopic pelvic surgeries are minimally invasive techniques that require the patient to be placed in the steep Trendelenburg position. Pneumoperitoneum further increases the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. We used lung ultrasound score (LUSS) to detect post-operative atelectasis in this subset of patients. Methodology: Patients aged 18 to 70 y with ASA physical status I/II undergoing robot assisted pelvic surgeries in steep Trendelenburg position were enrolled. Patients were mechanically ventilated with 50% oxygen in air with a tidal volume of 6 to 8 ml/kg in volume control mode to maintain an end tidal carbon dioxide at 35−45 mmHg with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cmH2O. Ultrasonographic assessment was done; before induction (A), after extubation (F), 12 h (G) and 24 h after surgery (H) by dividing chest into 12 regions. Results: A total of 1152 cine-loops acquired during the study period in 32 patients were analyzed. Incidence of postoperative atelectasis was 87.5% and each lung ultrasound examination required 12.35 ± 4.68 min. Statistically significant fall in PaO2 was recorded at extubation from baseline and intra-operative values (P < 0.0001). Statistically significant difference was established between change in baseline and post-extubation LUSS to the total volume of fluid given (P = 0.002). Conclusion: A high incidence (87.5%) of atelectasis in adults after robot assisted laparoscopic pelvic surgeries was detected using lung ultrasound score. Lung oxygenation decreased significantly after steep Trendelenburg position and extubation. The observed statistical difference in total IV fluids administered between patient subgroups who showed increased ultrasound signs of lung edema from the A period to the F period, although suggestive of association, is no evidence of causation. Abbreviations: ARISCOT- Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical patients in Catalonia; LUS- Lung Ultrasound; LUSS- Lung Ultrasound Score; OR- Operating room; PEEP- Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Key words: LUSS; Lung ultrasound score; Pneumoperitoneum; Robotic Surgery; Ultrasonography Citation: Sethi S, Kathuria R, Samra T, Saini V, Toshkhani D, Kushal P. Lung ultrasonography for detection of atelectasis in adults undergoing robot assisted laparoscopic pelvic surgeries. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(4):573−578; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i4. 1503 Received: October 28, 2021; Reviewed: June 06, 2022; Accepted: September 17, 2022
The Debt Maturity Structure of Small Firms

Small firms differ from large firms in taxability, ownership, flexibility, industry, economies of scale, financial market access, and level of information asymmetry. We investigate the determinants of small firms’ choice of the maturity structure of debt. We find that small firms’ maturity of assets, capital structure, and probability of default are statistically and economically important in the choice of debt maturity. We find little evidence that small firms’ growth options, level of asymmetric information, and tax status affect debt maturity choice.
Sorting out cholesterol metabolism

Rationale: COpper Metabolism MURR1 Domain-containing (COMMD) proteins are part of the COMMD-CCDC22-CCDC93 (CCC) complexes facilitating endosomal trafficking of cell surface receptors. Hepatic COMMD1 inactivation decreases CCDC22 and CCDC93 protein levels, impairs the recycling of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and increases plasma LDL cholesterol levels in mice. However, whether any of the other COMMD members functions similarly as COMMD1, and whether perturbation in the CCC complex promotes atherogenesis remains unclear. Objective: To unravel the contribution of evolutionarily conserved COMMD proteins to plasma lipoprotein levels and atherogenesis. Methods and Results : Using liver specific Commd1 , Commd6 or Commd9 knockout mice we investigated the relation between the COMMD proteins in the regulation of plasma cholesterol levels. Combining biochemical and quantitative targeted proteomic approaches, we found that either hepatic COMMD1, COMMD6 or COMMD9 deficiency resulted in massive reduction in the protein levels of all ten COMMDs. This decrease in COMMD proteins levels coincided with destabilization of the core (CCDC22, CCDC93, C16orf62) of the CCC complex, reduced cell surface levels of LDLR and LRP1, followed by increased plasma LDL cholesterol levels. To assess the direct contribution of the CCC core in the regulation of plasma cholesterol levels, Ccdc22 was deleted in mouse livers via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated somatic gene editing. CCDC22 deficiency also destabilized the complete CCC complex, and resulted in elevated plasma LDL cholesterol levels. Finally, we found that hepatic disruption of the CCC complex exacerbates dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in ApoE3*Leiden mice. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings demonstrate a strong interrelationship between COMMD proteins and the core of the CCC complex in endosomal LDLR trafficking. Hepatic disruption of either of these CCC components causes hypercholesterolemia, and exacerbates atherosclerosis. Our results indicate that not only COMMD1, but all other COMMDs and CCC components may be potential targets for modulating plasma lipid levels in humans
Atmospheric Rivers in Southeast Alaska: Meteorological Conditions Associated With Extreme Precipitation

Extreme precipitation events associated with atmospheric rivers (ARs) trigger floods, landslides, and avalanches that threaten lives and livelihoods in Southeast Alaska. Six rural and indigenous communities (Hoonah, Klukwan, Skagway, Yakutat, Craig, and Kasaan) identified specific needs regarding these hazards and joined the Southeast Alaska Coastlines and People (CoPe) Kutí Hub to address the shared challenge of understanding and predicting these events. This study presents a climatology (1980–2019) of synoptic, mesoscale, and local meteorological characteristics of ARs and heavy precipitation across this region. High‐amplitude upper‐level patterns across the northeastern Pacific Ocean favor ARs reaching Southeast Alaska, where moisture is orographically lifted, resulting in heavy precipitation. In the six communities, ARs occur 8–15 days per month, yet only 6 AR days per year account for up to 68%–91% of precipitation extremes. Furthermore, 80%–96% of days with extreme precipitation have >75th percentile integrated water vapor transport (IVT), demonstrating the strong relationship between IVT and extreme precipitation. This study also highlights the relationship between IVT direction and complex coastal topography in determining precipitation extremes. For example, in Klukwan and Skagway, 80%–90% of extreme AR days have south‐southwesterly or south‐southeasterly IVT. Coastal communities like Yakutat experience higher IVT and precipitation overall, and although southeasterly IVT is more common, extreme precipitation events are most common with southwesterly IVT. Collaboration with the National Weather Service in Juneau, Alaska will lead to improved situational awareness, forecasts, and Impact Decision Support Services to communities, saving lives and property in a region vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
MIT Open Access

Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is a cryptographic primitive that hides memory access patterns as seen by untrusted storage. Recently, ORAM has been architected into secure processors. A big challenge for hardware ORAM schemes is how to efﬁciently manage the Position Map (PosMap), a central component in modern ORAM algorithms. Implemented na ¨ ıvely, the PosMap causes ORAM to be fundamentally un-scalable in terms of on-chip area. On the other hand, a technique called Recursive ORAM ﬁxes the area problem yet signiﬁcantly increases ORAM’s performance overhead. To address this challenge, we propose three new mechanisms. We propose a new ORAM structure called the PosMap Lookaside Buffer (PLB) and PosMap compression techniques to reduce the performance overhead from Recursive ORAM empirically (the latter also improves the construction asymptotically). Through simulation, we show that these techniques reduce the memory bandwidth overhead needed to support recursion by 95%, reduce overall ORAM bandwidth by 37% and improve overall SPEC benchmark performance by 1 . 27 × . We then show how our PosMap compression techniques further facilitate an extremely efﬁ-cient integrity veriﬁcation scheme for ORAM which we call PosMap MAC (PMMAC). For a practical parameterization, PMMAC reduces the amount of hashing needed for integrity checking by ≥ 68 × relative to prior schemes and introduces only 7% performance overhead. We prototype our mechanisms in hardware and report area and clock frequency for a complete ORAM design post-synthesis and post-layout using an ASIC ﬂow in a 32 nm commercial process.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Search for a heavy Higgs boson decaying into a $Z$ boson and another heavy Higgs boson in the $\ell\ell bb$ final state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for a heavy neutral Higgs boson, A , decaying into a Z boson and another heavy Higgs boson, H , is performed using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb − 1 from proton– proton collisions at √ s = 13 TeV recorded in 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The search considers the Z boson decaying to electrons or muons and the H boson into a pair of b -quarks. No evidence for the production of an A boson is found. Considering each production process separately, the 95% conﬁdence-level upper limits on the pp → A → ZH production cross-section times the branching ratio H → bb are in the range of 14–830 fb for the gluon–gluon fusion process and 26–570 fb for the b -associated process for the mass ranges 130–700 GeV of the H boson and 230–800 GeV of the A boson. The results are interpreted in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models.
Effects of organic fertilizers on the seed germination and seedling vigour of tomato

An experiment was carried out in the net house at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during the season, 2011 to evaluate the seed germination and seedling growth of tomatoes as affected by different organic fertilizers. There were five treatments viz. trichocompost, vermicompost, kitchen waste compost, cowdung based bioslurry and control (soil). Treatments significantly influenced the germination and seedling growth. The results showed germination percentage and co-efficient of germination were significantly higher in trichocompost which was identical with vermicompost and cowdung based bioslurry but different from kitchen waste compost and control, Similarly the seedling growth characters like root length, shoot length, number of leaves, number of roots, fresh and dry weight of 10 seedlings and effectiveness against damping off disease were significantly highest in the treatment media of trichocompost which reflected on higher vigour index in the same treatment. However, there was no significant variation among the treatments in respect of root and shoot length ratio. The results suggest that trichocmpost and vermicompost are suitable for raising healthy seedlings in organic tomato production.
of genetic correlations and

5 This study estimated the heritabilities (h 2 ) and genetic and phenotypic correlations between reproductive traits, 6 including calving interval (CI), age at first calving (AFC), gestation length (GL), number of artificial 7 inseminations per conception (NAIPC), and carcass traits, including carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area 8 (EMA), backfat thickness (BF), and marbling score (MS) in Korean Hanwoo cows. In addition, the accuracy of 9 genomic predictions of breeding values was evaluated by applying the genomic best linear unbiased prediction 10 (GBLUP) and the weighted GBLUP (WGBLUP) method. The phenotypic data for reproductive and carcass traits 11 were collected from 1,544 Hanwoo cows, and all animals were genotyped using Illumina Bovine 50K SNP chip. 12 The genetic parameters were estimated using a multi-trait animal model using the MTG2 program. The estimated 13 h 2 for CI, AFC, GL, NAIPC, CWT, EMA, BF, and MS were 0.10, 0.13, 0.17, 0.11, 0.37, 0.35, 0.27, and 0.45, 14 respectively, according to the GBLUP model. The GBLUP accuracy estimates ranged from 0.51 to 0.74, while the 15 WGBLUP accuracy estimates for the traits under study ranged from 0.51 to 0.79. Strong and favorable genetic 16 correlations were observed between GL and NAIPC (0.61), CWT and EMA (0.60), NAIPC and CWT (0.49), AFC 17 and CWT (0.48), CI and GL (0.36), BF and MS (0.35), NAIPC and EMA (0.35), CI and BF (0.30), EMA and MS 18 (0.28), CI and AFC (0.26), AFC and EMA (0.24), and AFC and BF (0.21). The present study identified low to 19 moderate positive genetic correlations between reproductive and carcass weight traits, suggesting that a heavier 20 body weight may lead to a longer CI, AFC, GL, and NAIPC. The moderately positive genetic correlation between 21 CWT and AFC, and NAIPC, with a phenotypic correlation of nearly zero, suggesting that the genotype-22
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FIRMING UP PRICE INFLATION

We use data from a large panel survey of UK firms to analyze the economic drivers of price setting since the start of the Covid pandemic. Inflation responded asymmetrically to movements in demand. This helps to explain why inflation did not fall much during the negative initial pandemic demand shock. Energy prices and shortages of labor and materials account for most of the rise during the rebound. Inflation rates across firms have become more dispersed and skewed since the start of the pandemic. We find that average price inflation is positively correlated with the dispersion and skewness of the distribution. Finally, we also introduce a novel measure of subjective inflation uncertainty within firms and show how this has increased during the pandemic, continuing to rise in 2022 even as sales uncertainty dropped back. Philip Bunn Bank of England Threadneedle Street London EC2R 8AH United Kingdom Philip.Bunn@bankofengland.co.uk Lena S. Anayi Bank of England Threadneedle Street London EC2R 8AH United Kingdom lena.anayi@bankofengland.co.uk Nicholas Bloom Stanford University Department of Economics 579 Jane Stanford Way Stanford, CA 94305-6072 and NBER nbloom@stanford.edu Paul Mizen School of Economics University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom Paul.Mizen@nottingham.ac. uk Gregory Thwaites Department of Economics University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2QX United Kingdom gregorythwaites@gmail.com Ivan Yotzov Bank of England Threadneedle Street London EC2R 8AH United Kingdom Ivan.Yotzov@bankofengland.co.uk
The efficacy and safety of tezepelumab in the treatment of uncontrolled asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: Tezepelumab is a human thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) antibody with effects in asthma. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the overall efficacy and safety of tezepelumab for the treatment of uncontrolled asthma. Methods: The databases Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Clinical Trials were searched from inception to April 1, 2022. Only randomized controlled trial (RCTs) that evaluated tezepelumab and a comparator for treating uncontrolled asthma were included. Additionally, articles were limited to English. The primary outcome was clinical efficacy, and the secondary outcome was adverse events. The risk of bias and quality were assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration bias assessment tool. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager Version 5.3. Results: Four RCTs with a total of 1600 patients were included in the study. Pooled analysis indicated that tezepelumab had significantly decreased annualized asthma exacerbations (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.57, −0.80], P < .00001) and the asthma control questionnaire score of 6 (ACQ-6) among the patients (standard mean difference [SMD] = −0.29, 95% CI = [−0.39, −0.20], P < .00001) compared to placebo. Furthermore, tezepelumab treatment significantly improved forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1, SMD = 0.28, 95% CI = [0.11, 0.45], P = .001). Regarding safety, the pooled analysis indicated that patients treated with tezepelumab showed no significant difference in adverse events that led to discontinuation of the treatment, but they experienced some other (non-serious) adverse events compared to the placebo group. However, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of serious adverse events and any adverse events in the tezepelumab group. Tezepelumab use was associated with adverse events, including nasopharyngitis, headache, and bronchitis, despite effectively treating asthma. Conclusion: Tezepelumab effectively improved FEV1, reduced the disease symptom score, and decreased the risk of exacerbations in uncontrolled asthma patients. Tezepelumab was associated with some adverse events compared to placebo. This suggests that careful management of adverse events is required if tezepelumab is used to treat asthma patients.
Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization versus stapled hemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of hemorrhoids : an update meta-analysis of randomized control trials

This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of stapled hemorrhoidectomy (SH) and transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD) for the treatment of hemorrhoids diseases by a meta-analysis. Randomized control trials (RCTs), published between January 1, 1996 and June 31, 2017, comparing SH with THD were searched in databases, including MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of science, EMbase and the Cochrane Library database were. Seven RCTs, including 877 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. No statistically significant differences were noted between SH and THD in terms of complications (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.75, 1.38), residual prolapse (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.28, 1.35), urinary retention rate (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.66, 2.34), and satisfaction rate (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.34, 3.41). The bleeding rate and total recurrence rate was higher in THD than in SH. The present study showed that no significant difference between SH and THD in terms of postoperative pain (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, -0.43, 1.29), operative time (OR, -2.54; 95% CI, -6.85, 1.76), hospital time (OR, -0.00; 95% CI, -0.21, 0.20), time before returning to work (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, -1.35, 3.77), and reoperation rate (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.93, 3.54). In conclusion, both procedures are simple and easy to perform for the treatment of hemorrhoids. However, THD leading to a higher rate of bleeding and recurrence rate in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Future studies addressing with a long follow-up period are needed to validate these results.
Amphibole Control on Copper Systematics in 1 Arcs : Insights from the Analysis of Global 2 Datasets

11 Copper, sourced from porphyry deposits formed in arc settings, is a critical 12 resource, and is primarily sourced from magmas. However, the processes that 13 shape the copper contents of arc magmas are up for debate. Existing models 14 place emphasis on different petrological agents that explain large-scale trends 15 in copper systematics. Previous studies have noted the ’Cu paradox,’ where 16 the magmas with high Sr/Y ratios, indicative of ore-forming potential, have the 17 lowest copper concentrations. Here we compile a multidimensional database of 18 volcanic whole rock compositions and couple it with simple petrological models 19 to elucidate the controls on volcanic whole rock compositions with respect to Cu. 20 We show that calc-alkaline, high Sr/Y magmas undergo major element modifica21 tion caused by extensive amphibole and/or garnet fractionation, which promotes 22 sulphide precipitation and copper depletion. We demonstrate the importance 23 of amphibole fractionation as a globally important process that promotes both 24 calc-alkaline differentiation and sulphide fractionation in arc magmas, as well 25 as its role in signalling the right set of chemical conditions in magmas that ul26 timately feed copper porphyry deposits. This work also raises the possibility of 27 amphibole as a geochemical and petrological indicator of potential porphyry28 forming conditions in a magma, which we show should be readily detectable by 29 a combination of different geochemical metrics. Despite their paucity in copper, 30 high Sr/Y magmas are associated with porphyry deposits, implying that the 31 propensity of magmas to form such deposits depends on factors other than a 32 magma’s bulk copper content. 33