Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natural diet of fish and crabs associated with the phytal community of Sargassum cymosum C. Agardh, 1820 (Phaeophyta, Fucales) at Ponta das Garoupas, Bombinhas, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

The diet of fish and crabs associated with Sargassum cymosum beds was analysed at Ponta das Garoupas, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. They are reported to feed on phytal organisms. The relative importance of food items was established for these consumers, and the frequency of occurrence and volumetric methods were used for quantitative analysis. The analysis of 272 guts from 11 fish and two decapod species revealed that eight fish and one crab species had phytal organisms as important items in their diet. Amphipods and molluscs were the main phytal animals in the diet of these fish and the crab; notably Caprella scaura, Hyale media, Atylus minikoi, Tricolia affinis and Bittium varium. Commercially important fish, such as the grouper Epinephelus guaza, feed on these fish and crabs, showing that Sargassum beds constitute an important link between benthic autotrophic producers and several levels of consumers on rocky shore ecosystems at Ponta das Garoupas.
Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: The role of risk perceptions and depression

Objective The mainstream media tend to rely on news content that will increase risk perceptions of pandemic outbreaks to stimulate public response and persuade people to comply with preventive behaviours. The objective of this study was to examine associations between exposure to coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) news, risk perceptions, and depressive symptoms. Methods Cross‐sectional data were collected from 501 participants who were ≥18 years. Exposure to COVID‐19 news was assessed as our exposure variable. We screened for depression (outcome variable) with the Patient Health Questionnaire and examined the roles of risk perceptions. Multiple linear regressions and mediation analysis with 1000 bootstrap resamples were conducted. Results Participants were 55.29% female, 67.86% White with mean age 32.44 ± 11.94 years. After controlling for sociodemographic and socio‐economic factors, news exposure was positively associated with depressive symptoms β = . 11; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.02–0.20. Mediation analysis showed that perceived vulnerability to COVID‐19 mediated 34.4% of this relationship (β = .04; 95%CI = 0.01–0.06). Conclusion Perceived vulnerability to COVID‐19 can serve as a pathway through which exposure to COVID‐19 news on mainstream media may be associated with depressive symptoms. Based on our findings, we offered recommendations for media–health partnership, practice, and research.
Use of Duckweed as Feed for Fishes in Polyculture

Effect of duckweed supplementation as fish feed to polyculture system was investigated. Fish were reared for 90 days with or without duckweed supplementation. The ponds were fertilized with cowdung, urea and triple super phosphate. All the important physico-chemical factors including temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, phosphate-phosphorus and nitrate-nitrogen were within productive ranges for fish culture. Ponds were stocked with silver carp, Thai sharputui, tilapia, common carp and mrigel. After a 90 days rearing period, net fish production was found to be significantly higher in fish fed duckweed at a rate of 20% of body weight compared to fish without duckweed supplement. It was concluded that duckweed can effectively be used as feed for polyculture of fish. Key words: Duckweed; polyculture; feed. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1. 4437 J Agric Rural Dev 7 (1&2), 157-160, June 2009
Error-Tolerant Deep Learning for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification

Due to its various application potentials, the remote sensing image scene classification (RSSC) has attracted a broad range of interests. While the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) has recently achieved tremendous success in RSSC, its superior performances highly depend on a large number of accurately labeled samples which require lots of time and manpower to generate for a large-scale remote sensing image scene dataset. In contrast, it is not only relatively easy to collect coarse and noisy labels but also inevitable to introduce label noise when collecting large-scale annotated data in the remote sensing scenario. Therefore, it is of great practical importance to robustly learn a superior CNN-based classification model from the remote sensing image scene dataset containing non-negligible or even significant error labels. To this end, this article proposes a new RSSC-oriented error-tolerant deep learning (RSSC-ETDL) approach to mitigate the adverse effect of incorrect labels of the remote sensing image scene dataset. In our proposed RSSC-ETDL method, learning multiview CNNs and correcting error labels are alternatively conducted in an iterative manner. It is noted that to make the alternative scheme work effectively, we propose a novel adaptive multifeature collaborative representation classifier (AMF-CRC) that benefits from adaptively combining multiple features of CNNs to correct the labels of uncertain samples. To quantitatively evaluate the performance of error-tolerant methods in the remote sensing domain, we construct remote sensing image scene datasets with: 1) simulated noisy labels by corrupting the open datasets with varying error rates and 2) real noisy labels by deploying the greedy annotation strategies that are practically used to accelerate the process of annotating remote sensing image scene datasets. Extensive experiments on these datasets demonstrate that our proposed RSSC-ETDL approach outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.
A Simple Equipment to Screen the Rice Strains Tolerant to High Temperature in the Ripening Processes

登熟時の高温に耐性があるイネ品種・系統を選抜する目的で，穂温を上昇させる装置を開発した．OHPフィルムで作成した透明な筒を穂に被せることにより，昼間の穂温を，10日間の平均で約0. 8℃上昇させることができ，またその中に，幅2cm，厚さ5mmの黒色ゴムスポンジを接着することにより，昼間の穂温を2℃以上上昇させることができた．この処理による温度上昇に比例して，整粒割合は減少し，白未熟粒割合は増加した．この処理により，夜温は約0. 15℃低下するが，白未熟粒の発生割合には影響しなかった．この装置により，高温耐性の基準品種を評価したところ，高温耐性の順位に対応した結果が得られ，他の評価法と同様の耐性の選抜が可能と考えられる．本装置による高温処理は，簡便であり，光合成を阻害せず，1個体で評価可能であることから，分離系統の高温耐性評価等に利用でき，高温登熟耐性の遺伝解析に有用であると考えられる．
Influence of Beaver Activity on Summer Growth and Condition of Age-2 Atlantic Salmon Parr

Abstract The activity of beavers Castor canadensis in freshwater environments can have considerable localized impacts on the physical and biological components of riparian ecosystems. By changing the habitat of a stream, beaver dams can cause spatial variation in growth opportunity that may have direct consequences for the growth of resident fish. In a small stream in eastern Canada, we studied the effects of an ephemeral beaver pond on the growth and maturity of age-2 Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr tagged with passive integrated transponder tags. Water temperature remained relatively uniform throughout the study site. We found very little movement of recaptured fish in the study site. Fish that were recaptured in the beaver pond displayed faster summer growth rates in both length and mass than fish that were recaptured immediately above or below the pond. We also found that parr in the pond maintained relatively high condition factors, whereas fish above and below the pond appeared to decrease in condi.
The Effect of Thursday Night Games on In-Game Injury Rates in the National Football League

Background: Although claims of increased injury rates with Thursday night National Football League (NFL) games exist, a paucity of data exist substantiating these claims. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of rest between games on in-game injury rates as it pertains to overall injury incidence, location, and player position. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study. Methods: Data were obtained from official NFL game books for regular season games from all 32 teams for the 2013-2016 seasons. All in-game injuries recorded in official game books were included. Rest periods between games were classified as short (4 days), regular (6-8 days), or long (≥10 days). Overall observed injury rates per team-game were analyzed in relation to different rest periods using negative binomial regression. For results with significant overall findings, pairwise comparisons were tested using the Wald chi-square test. Exploratory secondary analyses were performed in a similar fashion to assess differences in injury rates for the different rest periods when stratified by anatomic location and player position. Results: A total of 2846 injuries were identified throughout the 4 seasons. There was an overall significant difference in injuries per team-game between short, regular, and long rest (P = .01). With short rest, an observed mean of 1.26 injuries per game (95% CI, 1.06-1.49) was significantly different from the 1.53 observed injuries per game with regular rest (95% CI, 1.46-1.60; P = .03), but not compared with the 1.34 observed injuries per game with long rest (P = .56). For player position, only the tight end, linebacker, and fullback group demonstrated significant differences between the injury rates for different rest categories. Quarterback was the only position with more injuries during games played on Thursday compared with both regular and long rest. This specific analysis was underpowered and the difference was not significant (P = .08). No differences were found regarding injury rates in correlation with differences in rest periods with different injury locations. Conclusion: A short rest period between games is not associated with increased rates of observed injuries reported in NFL game books; rather, our data suggest there are significantly fewer injuries for Thursday night games compared with games played on regular rest. Future research correlating rest and quarterback injury rates is warranted.
Successful improvement of antibiotic prescribing at Primary Care in Andalusia following the implementation of an antimicrobial guide through multifaceted interventions: An interrupted time-series analysis

Background Most effective strategies designed to improve antimicrobial prescribing have multiple approaches. We assessed the impact of the implementation of a rigorous antimicrobial guide and subsequent multifaceted interventions aimed at improving antimicrobial use in Primary Care. Methods A quasi-experimental study was designed. Interventions aimed at achieving a good implementation of the guide consisted of the development of electronic decision support tools, local training meetings, regional workshops, conferences, targets for rates of antibiotic prescribing linked to financial incentives, feedback on antibiotic prescribing, and the implementation of a structured educational antimicrobial stewardship program. Interventions started in 2011, and continued until 2018. Outcomes: rates of antibiotics use, calculated into defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants-day (DID). An interrupted time-series analysis was conducted. The study ran from January 2004 until December 2018. Results Overall annual antibiotic prescribing rates showed increasing trends in the pre-intervention period. Interventions were followed by significant changes on trends with a decline over time in antibiotic prescribing. Overall antibiotic rates dropped by 28% in the Aljarafe Area and 22% in Andalusia between 2011 and 2018, at rates of -0.90 DID per year (95%CI:-1.05 to -0.75) in Aljarafe, and -0.78 DID (95%CI:-0.95 to -0.60) in Andalusia. Reductions occurred at the expense of the strong decline of penicillins use (33% in Aljarafe, 25% in Andalusia), and more precisely, amoxicillin clavulanate, whose prescription plummeted by around 50%. Quinolones rates decreased before interventions, and continued to decline following interventions with more pronounced downward trends. Decreasing cephalosporins trends continued to decline, at a lesser extent, following interventions in Andalusia. Trends of macrolides rates went from a downward trend to an upward trend from 2011 to 2018. Conclusions Multifaceted interventions following the delivering of a rigorous antimicrobial guide, maintained in long-term, with strong institutional support, could led to sustained reductions in antibiotic prescribing in Primary Care.
Evidence for independent peripheral and central age‐related hearing impairment

Deleterious age‐related changes in the central auditory nervous system have been referred to as central age‐related hearing impairment (ARHI) or central presbycusis. Central ARHI is often assumed to be the consequence of peripheral ARHI. However, it is possible that certain aspects of central ARHI are independent from peripheral ARHI. A confirmation of this possibility could lead to significant improvements in current rehabilitation practices. The major difficulty in addressing this issue arises from confounding factors, such as other age‐related changes in both the cochlea and central non‐auditory brain structures. Because gap detection is a common measure of central auditory temporal processing, and gap detection thresholds are less influenced by changes in other brain functions such as learning and memory, we investigated the potential relationship between age‐related peripheral hearing loss (i.e., audiograms) and age‐related changes in gap detection. Consistent with previous studies, a significant difference was found for gap detection thresholds between young and older adults. However, among older adults, no significant associations were observed between gap detection ability and several other independent variables including the pure tone audiogram average, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Vocabulary score, gender, and age. Statistical analyses showed little or no contributions from these independent variables to gap detection thresholds. Thus, our data indicate that age‐related decline in central temporal processing is largely independent of peripheral ARHI.
Hunting Ants in Mediterranean clay soils: Life history of Siagona europaea (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Abstract In southern Italy, Siagona europaea is common on clay soils and occurs up to the 38th parallel. Activity recordings have revealed that the beetles are strictly nocturnal. They are resistant to desiccation and prefer temperatures above 30 °C. Their flat body indicates adaptation to life in clay soils, which, in southern Italy, are deeply fissured from April to September. The behaviour of the beetles was observed in a transparent system of cavities consisting of plastic boxes connected by tubes. The beetles feed exclusively on ants that are caught by surprise attack outside their nests. Ants perceive the beetles as being hostile via chemical cues. Single ants then normally retreat, whereas groups of ants attack immediately. The beetles behave unaggressively against cospecifics and rest in groups of various numbers in flat soil crevices. Copulation takes place from the end of April onwards, whereas egg laying occurs from the end of May onwards. The females produce only a few eggs, which are unusually large, and shift them singly in narrow soil cracks. The larvae develop during the summer deep in the soil; they are blind and can be characterized as cave‐life forms by their extremely long cerci and antennae that have a whip‐like unsclerotized sticky distal part.
Thermal Range and Physiological Tolerance Mechanisms in Two Shark Species from the Northwest Atlantic

Spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and smoothhound (Mustelus canis) sharks in the northwest Atlantic undergo seasonal migrations driven by changes in water temperature. However, the recognized thermal habitats of these regional populations are poorly described. Here, we report the thermal range, catch frequency with bottom temperature, and catch frequency with time of year for both shark species in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. Additionally, we describe levels of two thermal stress response indicators, heat-shock protein 70 and trimethylamine N-oxide, with an experimental increase in water temperature from 15 °C to 21 °C. Our results show that S. acanthias can be found in this region year-round and co-occurs with M. canis from June to November. Further, adult S. acanthias routinely inhabits colder waters than M. canis (highest catch frequencies at bottom temperatures of 10 °C and 21 °C, respectively), but both exhibit similar upper thermal ranges in this region (bottom temperatures of 22–23 °C). Additionally, acute exposure to a 6 °C increase in water temperature for 72 hours leads to a nearly threefold increase in heat-shock protein 70 levels in S. acanthias but not M. canis. Therefore, these species display differences in their thermal tolerance and stress response with experimental exposure to 21 °C, a common summer temperature in Narragansett Bay. Further, in temperature-stressed S. acanthias there is no accumulation of trimethylamine N-oxide. At the whole-organism level, elasmobranchs’ trimethylamine N-oxide regulatory capacity may be limited by other factors. Alternatively, elasmobranchs may not rely on trimethylamine N-oxide as a primary thermal protective mechanism under the conditions tested. Findings from this study are in contrast with previous research conducted with elasmobranch cells in vitro that showed accumulation of trimethylamine N-oxide after thermal stress and subsequent suppression of the heat-shock protein 70 response.
Micro-Structure of Hot Mix Asphalt Containing the 35/50 Bitumen Viewed in Terms of Excess Moisture in the Underlying Course of Pavement

Compaction of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is a process aimed at obtaining the desired performance properties. Attainment of the required compaction can be hampered by external factors, which includes the presence of water. Water is known to cause quick lowering of the HMA temperature. The bottom face of the asphalt layers of a pavement is a sensitive point from the fatigue life point of view. In the site conditions, it is often difficult to obtain the required air void content at the bottom of an asphalt layer and excessive moisture content in the base course lying beneath the asphalt layer can be one of the causes. This article presents the results of tests carried out on a test section on which HMA was placed on an unbound aggregate base layer of varying moisture content. The material used for the binder course was asphalt concrete mixture composed of aggregate of minus 16 mm grading and 35/50 bitumen. Being relatively hard it is the most often specified bitumen for binder courses and also base courses. One of its characteristics is a considerable increase of viscosity with decreasing temperature, which hampers the process of compaction. The bulk specific gravity was measured to determine the variations in the air void content through the specimens. The complex modulus of elasticity and fatigue life were the other parameters which were determined on the specimens with different air void contents. The test results show worsening of the properties which have a decisive bearing on the service life of pavement.
Anthelmintic A-Type Procyanidins and Further Characterization of the Phenolic Composition of a Root Extract from Paullinia pinnata

Extracts from the roots of Paullinia pinnata L. are used in West Africa as traditional remedies for a variety of diseases including infestations with soil-transmitted helminths. Based on the results of an ethnopharmacological survey in Ghana, an aqueous acetone (70%) extract was investigated for its anthelmintic and phytochemical properties. Partitioning of the crude extract followed by several fractionation steps of the ethyl acetate phase using Sephadex® LH-20, fast centrifugal partition chromatography, RP-18-MPLC and HPLC led to isolation of six oligomeric A-type procyanidins (1 to 6). To determine the anthelmintic activity, the crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds were tested in vitro against the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. A significantly better activity was observed for the trimeric A-type procyanidin (1) compared to a B-type trimer. However, this effect could not be generalized for the tetrameric procyanidins, for which the type of the interflavan-linkage (4→6 vs. 4→8) had the greatest impact on the bioactivity. Besides the procyanidins, three novel compounds, isofraxidin-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1″→6′)-β-d-glucopyranoside (17), 4-methoxycatechol-2-O-(5′′-O-vanilloyl-β-apiofuranosyl)-(1′′→2′)-β-glucopyranoside (18) and a 6-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-hexane-2,4-diol-2-O-hexoside (19) were isolated together with further ten known compounds (7 to 16), mainly coumarins and coumarinolignans. Except for 3-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone (15), none of the isolated compounds has previously been described for P. pinnata. The anthelmintic activity was attributed to the presence of procyanidins, but not to any of the other compound classes. In summary, the findings rationalize the traditional use of P. pinnata root extracts as anthelmintic remedies.
Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Are Not Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome in Lebanese Healthy Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

High dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were suggested to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aims to estimate dietary GI and GL in a sample of healthy Lebanese adults and examine their association with MetS and its individual abnormalities. The study uses data from a community-based survey of 501 Lebanese urban adults. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical, anthropometric, and blood pressure measurements were obtained. Subjects with previous diagnosis of chronic disease, metabolic abnormalities, or with incomplete data or implausible energy intakes were excluded, yielding a sample of 283. Participants were grouped into quartiles of GI and GL. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Average dietary GI and GL were estimated at 59.9 ± 8 and 209.7 ± 100.3. Participants belonging to the highest GI quartile were at increased risk of having MetS (odds ratio (OR) = 2.251, 95% CI:1.120–4.525) but this association lost significance with further adjustments. Those belonging to the second quartile of GI had significantly lower odds of having hyperglycemia (OR: 0.380, 95% CI:0.174–0.833). No associations were detected between GL and MetS. The study contributes to the body of evidence discussing the relationship between GI, GL, and MetS, in a nutrition transition context.
Comparison of Leaf Development in Normal (+/+), Entire (e/e), and Lanceolate (La/+) Plants of Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum 'Ailsa Craig'

Developmental processes that result in the morphological and histological differences between the compound leaves of normal (+/+) Lycopersicon esculentum `Ailsa Craig' and those of the mutants "entire" (e/e) and "lanceolate" (La/+) are described. Despite considerable differences in mature leaf size and form, the dimensions of the shoot apical meristem, arrangement of young leaves in the bud, and pattern of leaf expansion are similar in the three genotypes during the developmental stages examined. In (+/+) leaves, lateral leaflet formation begins earlier and lasts longer than in (e/e) and (La/+), resulting in more pairs of leaflets. In the (e/e) genotype, growth in the lamina of the terminal leaflet is initiated earlier, and expansion proceeds relatively faster than in (+/+) leaves. In (La/+) leaves, lateral leaflets are usually absent, and while the lamina is initiated at the same stage as in (e/e) leaves, extension occurs more slowly than in either of the other two genotypes, resulting in a narrow leaf blade. In comparison with (+/+) and (e/e), cell enlargement in the adaxial protoderm becomes detectable earlier and proceeds at a greater rate in (La/+) leaves, resulting in greater cell area in mature leaves.