Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aggregate Consumption Expenditure and Economic Growth: Evidence from Bangladesh

This paper attempts to investigate the relationship between aggregate consumption expenditure and economic growth of Bangladesh using the ARDL Bounds Test approach. The study reveals that consumption expenditure and GDP have a significant impact on each other. Granger non-causality test also has been carried out, and the test reveals that unidirectional causal relationship is running from aggregate consumption expenditure to GDP. Bilateral causality exists between GDP and capital investment. The findings suggest that consumption enhancing fiscal and monetary policies can also boost the economic growth in the context of Bangladesh. That’s because Bangladesh is still operating on the relatively flatter part of its longrun supply curve. GJMBR-B Classification: JEL Code: F43 AggregateConsumptionExpenditureandEconomicGrowthEvidencefromBangladesh © 2018. Sima Rani Dey & Mohammed Tareque, Ph.D (Boston). This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Aggregate Consumption Expenditure and Economic Growth: Evidence from Bangladesh AbstractThis paper attempts to investigate the relationship between aggregate consumption expenditure and economic growth of Bangladesh using the ARDL Bounds Test approach. The study reveals that consumption expenditure and GDP have a significant impact on each other. Granger non-causality test also has been carried out, and the test reveals that unidirectional causal relationship is running from aggregate consumption expenditure to GDP. Bilateral causality exists between GDP and capital investment. The findings suggest that consumption enhancing fiscal and monetary policies can also boost the economic growth in the context of Bangladesh. That’s because Bangladesh is still operating on the relatively flatter part of its long-run supply curve. This paper attempts to investigate the relationship between aggregate consumption expenditure and economic growth of Bangladesh using the ARDL Bounds Test approach. The study reveals that consumption expenditure and GDP have a significant impact on each other. Granger non-causality test also has been carried out, and the test reveals that unidirectional causal relationship is running from aggregate consumption expenditure to GDP. Bilateral causality exists between GDP and capital investment. The findings suggest that consumption enhancing fiscal and monetary policies can also boost the economic growth in the context of Bangladesh. That’s because Bangladesh is still operating on the relatively flatter part of its long-run supply curve.
Scattering of SH Waves by a Partially Debonded Cylindrical Inclusion in the Covering Layer

This article presents analytical solutions to the problem of dynamic stress concentration and the surface displacement of a partially debonded cylindrical inclusion in the covering layer under the action of a steady-state horizontally polarized shear wave (SH wave); these solutions are using the complex function method and wave function expansion method. By applying the large-arc assumption method, the straight line boundary of the half-space covering layer is transformed into a curved boundary. The wave field of the debonded inclusion is constructed utilizing a Fourier series and boundary conditions of continuity. The impact of debonding upon the dynamic stress concentration and surface displacement around the cylindrical concrete or steel inclusion is analyzed through numerical examples of the SH waves that are incident at normal angles, from a harder medium to a softer medium and from a softer medium to a harder medium. The examples show that various factors (including the medium parameters of the soil layers and the inclusion, the frequency of the incident waves, and the debonding situations) jointly affect the dynamic stress concentration factor and the surface displacement around the structure.
Fruit fly liquid larval diet technology transfer and update

Since October 2006, the US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA–ARS) has been implementing a fruit fly liquid larval diet technology transfer, which has proceeded according to the following steps: (1) recruitment of interested groups through request; (2) establishment of the Material Transfer Agreement with agricultural research service; (3) fruit fly liquid larval diet starter kit sent to the requestor for preliminary evaluation; (4) problem‐solving through email or onsite demonstration; (5) assessment on feedback from the participants to decide whether to continue the project. Up to date, the project has involved 35 participants from 29 countries and 26 species of fruit flies. Fourteen participants have concluded their evaluation of the process, and 11 of these 14, have deemed it to be successful. One participant has decided to implement the project on a larger scale.
Diurnal and Seasonal Cycles of Cloud Occurrences, Types, and Radiative Impact over West Africa DOMINIQUE BOUNIOL, FLEUR COUVREUX, PIERRE-HONORÉ KAMSU-TAMO, MADELEINE LEPLAY,

This study focuses on the occurrence and type of clouds observed in West Africa, a subject that has been neither much documented nor quantified. It takes advantage of data collected above Niamey, Niger, in 2006 with the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility. A survey of cloud characteristics inferred from ground measurements is presented with a focus on their seasonal evolution and diurnal cycle. Four types of clouds are distinguished: high-level clouds, deep convective clouds, shallow convective clouds, and midlevel clouds. A frequent occurrence of the latter clouds located at the top of the Saharan air layer is highlighted. High-level clouds are ubiquitous throughout the period whereas shallow convective clouds are mainly noticeable during the core of the monsoon. The diurnal cycle of each cloud category and its seasonal evolution are investigated. CloudSat and Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) data are used to demonstrate that these four cloud types (in addition to stratocumulus clouds over the ocean) are not a particularity of the Niamey region and that midlevel clouds are present over the Sahara during most of the monsoon season. Moreover, using complementary datasets, the radiative impact of each type of clouds at the surface level has been quantified in the shortand longwave domains. Midlevel clouds and anvil clouds have the largest impact, respectively, in longwave (about 15 W m) and shortwave (about 150 W m) radiation. Furthermore, midlevel clouds exert a strong radiative forcing during the spring at a time when the other cloud types are less numerous.
The relationship between annual survival rate and migration distance in mallards: an examination of the time-allocation hypothesis for the evolution of migration

Predictions of the time-allocation hypothesis were tested with several a posteriori analyses of banding data for the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). The time-allocation hypothesis states that the critical difference between resident and migrant birds is their allocation of time to reproduction on the breeding grounds and survival on the nonbreeding grounds. Residents have higher reproduction and migrants have higher survival. Survival and recovery rates were estimated by standard band-recovery methods for banding reference areas in the central United States and central Canada. A production-rate index was computed for each reference area with data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service May Breeding Population Survey and July Production Survey. An analysis of covariance was used to test for the effects of migration distance and time period (decade) on survival, recovery, and production rates. Differences in migration chronology were tested by comparing direct-recovery distributions for different populations .
COMPOSITIONAL DATA IN COMMUNITY ECOLOGY: THE PARADIGM OR PERIL OF PROPORTIONS?

Ecologists are often restricted to using or choose to use proportional- or percentage-type data with the view that it helps standardize for differences in variable totals among sampling units or individuals. This standardization to compositional data leads to constraints in the covariance and correlation structure that profoundly affect subsequent analysis and interpretation. This is another form of the problem related to the use of ratios in statistical analyses. Using simulated and zooplankton data I demonstrate the effect of using compositional data vs. the original data in correlation, ordination, and cluster analysis, which are common analytical methods in community ecology. Interpretations about the relatedness of various taxa or sites may reverse when using compositions relative to the unstandardized data. In addition, the selection of subcompositions (i.e., one or more variables are excluded when calculating the composition) may have profound and unpredictable consequences for the results. I examine some approaches proposed to deal with such data, e.g., centered log-ratio analysis, and recommend the use of correspondence analysis in multivariate studies to avoid the problems associated with differing solutions.
How Species and Board Densities Affect Properties Of Exotic Hardwood Particleboards

The authors are, respectively, Professor of Wood Science, Escola Superior de Florestas, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, Brazil, and Forest Products Technologists, USDA Forest Service, Forest Prod. Lab. , Madison, Wis. This study was conducted at the FPL in cooperation with the Univ. of Wisconsin, where the first-mentioned author was in graduate school, and is a condensation of a Master of Science thesis. An earlier version of this paper won the senior author second place in the 1974 Wood Award contest cosponsored by Wood & Wood Products magazine and FPRS. The Wood Award paper was presented at Session 10 – Particleboard & Molded Products – of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Forest Products Research Society, June 25, 1974, in Chicago, Ill. This paper was received for publication in July 1974. Abstract
Substratos e temperaturas para o teste de germinação de sementes de Chorisia glaziovii (O. Kuntze)

Chorisia glaziovii O. Kuntze e uma especie nativa do Nordeste brasileiro, pertencente a familia Bombacaceae que apresenta usos diversificados na medicina popular, na recomposicao de areas degradadas e na industria de estofados. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se indicar substratos e temperaturas adequados para conducao do teste de germinacao das sementes de C. glaziovii. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratorio de Analise de Sementes (CCA - UFPB), Areia - PB, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com os tratamentos distribuidos em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 (temperaturas 25, 30, 35 e 20-30oC e substratos papel toalha, sobre papel mata-borrao, entre areia e entre vermiculita). Foram analisadas as seguintes caracteristicas: porcentagem, primeira contagem e indice de velocidade de germinacao, e comprimento de plântulas. A temperatura de 35oC mostrou-se inadequada para a conducao dos testes de germinacao e vigor de sementes de C. glaziovii, independentemente do substrato utilizado. Recomendam-se, para a conducao dos testes de germinacao e vigor das sementes de C. glaziovii, os substratos entre areia ou papel toalha, nas temperaturas de 25 e 20-30oC.
Developmental differences in H2O2‐induced oligodendrocyte cell death: role of glutathione, mitogen‐activated protein kinases and caspase 3

The molecular mechanisms underlying H2O2‐induced toxicity were characterized in rat oligodendrocyte cultures. While progenitor cells were more sensitive than mature oligodendrocytes to H2O2, the antioxidant, N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine, blocked toxicity at both stages of development. Differentiated oligodendrocytes contained more glutathione than did progenitors and were less susceptible to decreases in glutathione concentration induced by H2O2 stress. As free radicals have been considered to serve as second messengers, we examined the effect of H2O2 on activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 and p38. H2O2 caused a time‐ and concentration‐dependent increase in MAPK phosphorylation, an effect that was totally blocked by N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine. Further exploration of potential mechanisms involved in oligodendrocyte cell death showed that H2O2 treatment caused DNA condensation and fragmentation at both stages of development, whereas caspase 3 activation and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase cleavage were significantly increased only in oligodendrocyte progenitors. The pan‐caspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl‐Val‐Ala‐Asp fluoromethyl ketone, blocked DNA fragmentation in progenitors and produced a small but significant level of protection from H2O2 toxicity in progenitors and mature oligodendrocytes. In contrast, inhibitors of both p38 and MEK reduced H2O2‐induced death most significantly in oligodendrocytes. The poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor, PJ34, reduced H2O2‐induced toxicity on its own but was most effective when combined with benzyloxycarbonyl‐Val‐Ala‐Asp fluoromethyl ketone or PD169316. The finding that molecular mechanisms conferring resistance to reactive oxygen species toxicity are regulated during oligodendrocyte differentiation may be of importance in designing therapies for certain neurological diseases affecting white matter.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HUMAN BRAIN ACTIVITIES AND SUBJECTIVE PREFERENCE FOR A SOUND FIELD

To investigate human brain responses that correspond to subjective preference for a sound field, magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements and analyses by autocorrelation function (ACF) and cross-correlation function (CCF) were carried out under the condition of varying the delay time of a single reflection. The sound source was a spoken word. The results showed that the effective duration of the ACF and the maximum amplitude of the CCF of MEG between 8-13 Hz become larger during presentations of the word with preferred reflection.
Bio-sketches and partitioning of sympatric reed frogs, genus Hyperolius (Amphibia; Hyperoliidae), in two humid tropical African forest regions

Sympatric reed frog species were studied in Gabon (Monts Cristal: Hyperolius mosaicus, H. pardalis, H. tuberculatus) and Kenya (Kakamega Forest: Hyperolius acuticeps, H. cf. cinnamomeoventris, H. kivuensis, H. lateralis, H. viridiflavus). For each taxon, a standardized diagnosis covering 11 aspects of adult and in part tadpole morphology as well as the sequence of a 560 bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA of the 16S ribosomal gene are provided. In addition, behavioural data are given for each species including measurable parameters of advertisement calls. The Monts Cristal Hyperolius species clearly differ in their spatial arrangement through the choice of breeding site. Hyperolius species at the Kakamega Forest share the same breeding sites but in part differ in their activity pattern throughout the year. Advertisement calls of sympatric species in both regions mainly differ in temporal parameters.
THE IMPACT OF GYNECOLOGICAL CONDITION ON BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD AND MILK COMPOSITION IN DAIRY COWS

Santrauka. Darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti kraujo ir pieno biocheminių duomenų reikšmę diagnozuojant subklinikinį mastitą ir įvertinant karvių reprodukcinę būklę. Bandymai atlikti vienerių metų laikotarpiu 11-oje karvių bandų su Lietuvos juodmargėmis, 2–3 laktacijų panašaus produktyvumo karvėmis. Karvės skirstytos į tris grupes: ginekologiškai sveikos, sergančios subklinikiniu mastitu ir karvės, neapsivaisinusios po veršiavimo per 90 parų. Visų trijų grupių karvių kraujo ir pieno biocheminiai duomenys skyrėsi nežymiai. Sergant subklinikiniu mastitu padidėja koncentracija kraujo serumo proteinų 2,6 proc., kalcio 7,8 proc. (p<0,05) ir pieno proteinų 6,6 proc. (p<0,05). Tokių karvių kraujo serume 1,44 proc. mažiau fosforo, piene 5,5 proc. mažiau urėjos ir 5,1 proc. mažiau laktozės (p<0,001). Karvių, po veršiavimosi neapsivaisinusių per 3 mėnesius, kraujo serume daugiau kalcio 0,38 proc., 1,66 proc. (p<0,05) daugiau fosforo, 1,28 proc. mažiau gliukozės (p<0,05), 8 proc. (p<0,05) mažiau magnio, o piene 17,69 proc. mažesnė urėjos ir 6,8 proc. (p<0,001) mažesnė laktozės koncentracija, bet 7,7 proc. (p<0,001) daugiau baltymų. Piene proteinų koncentracijos padidėjimas ir laktozės sumažėjimas yra papildomas klinikinis simptomas vertinant reprodukcinio aparato ir tešmens būklę. Sergant subklinikiniu mastitu koreliaciniai ryšiai tarp pieno ir kraujo biocheminių požymių silpnesni nei neapsivaisinusiųjų grupėje. Vertinant pieno sudėtį, būtina atsižvelgti į karvės sveikatą. Raktažodžiai: karvių kraujo serumas, pieno sudėtis, subklinikinis mastitas, nevaisingumas.
Clinical Profile of Patients with Exaggerated Blood Pressure Response During Treadmill Stress Test and Its Correlation with Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease

This study determined the prevalence and clinical profile of patients with Exaggerated Blood Pressure Response (EBPR) during Treadmill Exercise Test (TET) and its correlation with traditional risk factors of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study performed in Out Patient Department of Philippine General Hospital of patients 19 years old and above. Clinical profile was obtained and TET parameters including blood pressure at rest, during exercise and recovery period were determined. Results: There were 226 patients included in the study. The mean age is 52 and 121 (53.5%) were females. There were 108 (47.8%) with hypertension, 55 (24.3%) were smoker, 73 (32.3%) with dyslipidemia, 1 (0.4) with hyperuricemia, 31 (13.7) with diabetes, 51 (22.6%) with family history of CAD and 2 (3.9%) with history of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). The prevalence of EBPR is 20.21%. Those with EBPR are usually female 31 (81.6%) and likely hypertensive 22 (57.9%). Female sex and abnormal BMI were the significant predictors of EBPR with p-value of 0.001 and 0.042 respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of ESBR is 20.21%. The EBPR is strongly correlated with female sex and abnormal BMI. Further screening of these patient and aggressive management by adapting new HTN guidelines might help to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Sarmatosuchus and the early history of the Archosauria

ABSTRACT A detailed description of the early archosaur Sarmatosuchus otschevi Sennikov, 1994, from the Middle Triassic Donguz Formation of southern European Russia, is presented. New morphological data forms the basis of a preliminary investigation of the phylogenetic relationships between a selection of the earliest archosaurs. A parsimony analysis based on 9 taxa and 35 characters recovers two most parsimonious trees that support the referral of Sarmatosuchus and Fugusuchus to a proterosuchid clade, as well as the paraphyly of the Proterosuchia. Characters from the structure of the braincase are more homoplastic than those from the rest of the skeleton. The presence of Sarmatosuchus in the Middle Triassic affords evidence that the proterosuchids were a more diverse and persistent clade than has been previously envisaged. Evidence suggesting that proterosuchids may have existed with erythrosuchids and early crown-group archosaurs in the Middle Triassic requires a revision of our understanding of the earl.
New Cases of Apogamy in Certain Homosporous Leptosporangiate Ferns

Apogamy in Pteris flabellata Thunb. The first case of apogamy in a Pteris species was reported by FARLOW (2) in Pteris cretica var. albo-lineata. The writer (6) reported apogamy in ten Pteris cretica varieties and in P. sulcata L. , P. quadriaurita Retz. var. argyrea Moore, and P. parkerii, in which apogamy was described the following year. This paper now reports the discovery of apogamy in P. fiabellata Thunb. DEBARY (i) investigated the spores of a number of Pteris species, including those of P. fiabellata, and reported the sporophyte to be of non-apogamous origin. The cultural conditions under which most of the prothallia for this investigation were grown, not only of the Pteris species but also of the other ferns in which apogamy is reported, have been described elsewhere (7). In some instances the prothallia were grown on the surface of a sterilized nutrient solution in small Erlenmeyer flasks. Since the embryo is always produced apogamously under ordinary cultural conditions, there can be no doubt in regard to the origin of the embryo of Pteris fiabellata. The prothallia of this species become typically heart-shaped (fig. i) and in most respects resemble those of other species of Pteris in which apogamy has so far been described. Antheridia are usually produced in large numbers on the smaller prothallia, and occasionally on the larger ones, including those bearing embryos of apogamous origin. The antherozoids are actively motile and apparently normal. Archegonia have not been observed on any of the many prothallia examined. When the embryo is about to make its appearance, it begins its development on the ventral side of the prothallium and a short distance posterior to the apical notch (fig. 2). Just previous to the first visible evidence of the formation of the embryo, however, an-
Honest advertisement and song output during the dawn chorus of black-capped chickadees

Costly signals can evolve under sexual selection, as only those signals that are difficult to produce and reflect the relative quality of individuals should be important in mate choice. One such signal may be dawn singing behavior in birds. We assessed whether the song output at dawn of breeding male black-capped chickadees Parus atricapilhis honestly reflects quality, where relative quality is assessed by relative dominance rank in winter flocks. Dawn choruses were recorded from 20 male chickadees from 10 flocks during the fertile period of their mates in 1992, 1994, and 1995. Dominance ranks of males were assessed by tabulating interactions at winter feeders from 1993 to 1995. A comparison of the dawn singing behavior of the high-ranking and the lowranking males from each of the 10 flocks showed that high-ranking males began singing earlier, sang longer, and sang at higher average and maTimum rates than low-ranking flockmates. Age of the males'had less effect on song output at dawn than rank; older males tended to sing longer dawn choruses, but there was no difference in onset of ringing, average song rate, or maTimum song rate at dawn between hatch year and after-hatch year males. Our findings suggest the dawn chorus can provide an accurate signal to females of the relative quality of their mate compared to neighboring males.
BUILDING MILLENNIAL DIGITAL CUSTOMERS E-LOYALTY TOWARD ONLINE RETAILER

This study investigates the antecedents of millennial digital customers e-loyalty on online retailer in Indonesia context. This study proposes and examine e-trust, retailer quality, information quality, and coupon proneness as antecedent variable that potentially impact e-loyalty. This study proposes the role of coupon proneness in e-trust and e-loyalty as novelty. Data collected from 423 respondents of millennial digital costumers in Indonesia. The data collected through questionnaire. The data demonstrate that information quality and coupon proneness have impact on e-loyalty. The data also reveals that retailer quality and coupon proneness have impact on e-trust. This study contributed to the costumer trust theory and customer loyalty theory in e-commerce. Academic and managerial implications are further discussed.