Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Paradata to Evaluate Youth Participation in a Digital Diary Study

We analyze recruitment, access, and longitudinal response paradata from a yearlong intensive longitudinal study (mDiary) that used a mobile-optimized web app to administer 25 biweekly diaries to youth recruited from a birth cohort study. Analyses investigate which aspects of teen recruitment experiences are associated with enrollment and longitudinal response patterns; whether compliance behavior of teens who require multiple invitations to enroll differs from that of teens who enroll on the first invitation, and what personal and social circumstances are associated with different longitudinal compliance patterns. Latent class analysis (LCA) is used to derive longitudinal compliance classes. mDiary’s person-survey response rate of 70% is noteworthy considering reports that response rates for smartphone studies trail those administered via telephone or personal computers. Conditional on agreeing to participate, teens with texting capability were over 6 times as likely to enroll as their peers lacking access, and they also completed six to seven more diaries. Youth who required multiple prods to register not only were less likely to enroll than their peers who registered at the first invitation but also tended to attrite early. Compared with teens who completed all 25 surveys, those who attrited early had less access to texting capability, home Internet service, and also had low-education mothers. Consistent with studies of adults, nonparticipants were disproportionately Black males from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds.
Voluntary Disclosure in a Cournot-Bertrand Duopoly

The literature on voluntary disclosure in oligopolies concentrates either on Cournot markets where firms compete in quantities or on Bertrand markets where firms compete in prices. In this paper we study voluntary disclosure of managerial contract information in a Cournot-Bertrand duopoly where one firm sets quantities while the other firm sets prices. Such a hybrid structure frequently captures firm behavior in real-world markets. Accordingly, this paper contributes to our understanding of how firms' choices of strategic market variables influences firms' voluntary disclosure incentives. In a setting where firm owners provide strategic incentives to their managers and can either disclose the details of the managerial compensation contract or keep them secret, we find that the Cournot firm punishes its manager for sales and the Bertrand firm induces more aggressive market choices by rewarding sales. Firms' disclosure choices in equilibrium depend on the level of product substitution. A full disclosure equilibrium where both firms reveal the details of their managerial contract information occurs if the firms' products are sufficiently differentiated. In this case, voluntary disclosure leads to lower consumer welfare, but higher total welfare than if contract information is kept secret by both firms. If product differentiation is low, then we find two partial disclosure equilibria where either the Cournot firm or the Bertrand firm keeps contract information private. In this case, we argue that mandating disclosure can lead to an increase consumer and social welfare, but might decrease firm profits.
The relationship between disconfirmed expectations of motherhood, depression, and mother–infant attachment in the postnatal period

Abstract Objective The postnatal period can be both a rewarding and challenging time. Research has found that experiences of motherhood that are less positive than expected are associated with depressive symptoms, however, no known study to date has examined expectations across the separate domains of motherhood and how they impact on attachment. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate whether discrepancies in a mother's expectations regarding their infant, levels of support, and sense of self and their actual experiences post birth impact on maternal feelings of attachment and depression in the postnatal period. Method Two hundred and thirty‐eight mothers in Australia (aged 19–44) who had given birth in the last 12-months voluntarily completed an online survey. Results As predicted, results revealed that postnatal experiences that were less positive than expected regarding support and sense of self were associated with higher levels of depression and lower levels of attachment. Regarding infant expectations, experiences that were less positive than expected were associated with lower levels of attachment; however, experiences that were more positive than expected were, unexpectedly, associated with higher levels of depression. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of providing realistic expectations of motherhood through prenatal education and media messages to promote greater wellbeing and bond between mothers and infants which may maximise the chances of positive infant development.
Branding and Yemeni Organizations’ Willingness to Pay a Price Premium for Audit Services

Brand is considered as a profitability enhancing factor and an element that enhances the purchase intention and consumers’ willingness to pay a price premium. This research studies the effects of brand credibility, perceived uniqueness, and brand trust on consumers’ willingness to pay a price premium for audit services in Yemen. The research aims to understand the organizations’ attitude toward branded audit firms (big 4) in an unstable political and economic environment, taking Yemen as an example. Data were collected from 121 organizations that were audited in the last two years and analyzed using regression analysis. The analysis results revealed that the audit firms’ brand credibility and brand trust do not affect consumers’ willingness to pay a price premium, but their perceived uniqueness affects consumers’ willingness to pay a price premium for audit services in the Yemeni market. This research discusses the branding effect on the audit firms from the consumer point of view. It provides insights to the audit firms about the organizations’ attitude toward their audit fees, and their pricing strategies in an unstable environment.
Computer graphics simulation of natural mummification by desiccation

Organic bodies are subject to internal processes after death, causing significant structural, and optical changes. Mummification by desiccation leads to volume shrinkage, skin wrinkling, and discoloration. We propose a method to simulate the process of mummification by desiccation and its effects on the corpse's morphology and appearance. The mummifying body is represented by a layered model consisting of a tetrahedral mesh, representing the volume, plus a high resolution triangle surface mesh representing the skin. The finite element method is used to solve the moisture diffusion and the resulting volume deformations. Skin wrinkling is achieved using position based dynamics. In order to model a visually believable reproduction of the skin coloration changes due to mummification, a skin shading approach is used that considers moisture content, hemoglobin content, and oxygen saturation. The main focus of the work in this article is to recreate the appearance changes of mummification by desiccation, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been attempted before in computer graphics to this level of realism. The suggested approach is able to model changes in the internal structure and the surface appearance of the body which resemble the postmortem processes of natural mummification by desiccation.
A Survey on Exposure Parameters Variation due to Aging in Radiology Devices

The inevitable use of medical imaging examinations and lack of a suitable alternative lead to the need to control and minimize the amount of radiation from such artificial medical sources. To assess the relation between exposure parameters and lifetime of radiology devices, quality control tests were carried out on 13 radiology devices in 11 general hospitals. In this study, a barracuda dosimeter, SE-43137 Sweden, was calibrated to measure and record the quantities of kVp, mAs and exposure parameters. In all the devices using applying the minimum and maximum values of kVp, the minimum and maximum values of the internal resistances were calculated. The lowest mR/mA for the device C was observed at a flow rate of 200 mA (equal to 2,425), while the highest value was for the device A (2) at a current intensity of 200 mA (equal to 14.625). By increasing the age of the device, the output of the device is reduced. Therefore, to compensate for this decrease in the output, higher exposure conditions are usually applied to the device, which can greatly increase the damage to the device.
Variable accumulation of cadmium in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Given the potential use of flax in metal-contaminated soil remediation programs, the uptake and accumulation of cadmium was studied in five varieties of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) including var. Belinka, Escalina, Jitka, Marina and Krasnoder. Early stage plants in hydroponics were exposed to Cd to assess their tolerance by means of growth parameters and content of photosynthetic pigments. All varieties exerted tolerance indexes in the range of 63 – 89 %, while oxidative stress was not detected in either variety. Chitinase enzymes were analyzed in leaf protein extracts since activities of these enzymes have previously been correlated with plant tolerance to Cd. However, total enzyme activities remained unchanged in presence of Cd in all flax varieties. A more detailed analysis of these enzymes identified up to 3 chitinase isoforms upon separation of leaf protein extracts in polyacrylamide gels, and their quantification confirmed responsiveness to Cd for each of them. The obtained data were interpreted in light of metal uptake rate, which we measured using gammaspectrometry in growth media spiked with 109Cd and in the plant tissue. The variety Jitka showed the most sensitive to Cd and accumulating fast and the highest amounts of metal. In contrast, the variety Belinka appeared most tolerant, accumulating the least Cd in a slow rate. Activation of chitinase isoforms correlated with more sensitive varieties and suggests activation of general defense mechanisms. The obtained data suggest the variety Jitka as most promising for phytoremediation programs and the var. Belinka as the most suitable when avoidance of potential health risk is of interest.
Decomposition and nutrient release pattern of agro-processing by-products biodegraded by fly larvae in Acrisols

ABSTRACT Fly larvae are increasingly being promoted as animal feed and their production on agro-processing by-products generates a high amount of residues. Understanding the decomposition and nutrients release pattern in the soil of these residues is of importance to evaluate their quality as soil amendment. A litter bag experiment was carried out over 75 days in southern Benin with corn bran, a mixture of soybean bran and corn bran and a mixture of soybean bran and corn hull, all biodegraded in advance by larvae of Musca domestica and Hermetia illucens. Bags with 200 g dry matter of each residue were buried in the soil. The first order equation of mono-component model Yt = Y0×e−kt was suitable and described well the decomposition and mineralization pattern of the residues. The residues decomposed quickly and released nutrients readily into the soil. The mass remaining at the end of the decomposition process ranged between 38% and 42% of the initial weight. The half-life of the organic carbon in the residues ranged between 50 and 58 days. Organic nitrogen mineralized fast, with rates ranging between 0.007 and 0.011 day−1. These organic residues can be used as soil amendments to improve crop productivity in an Acrisol.
HT–LP crustal syntectonic anatexis as a source of the Permian magmatism in the Eastern Southern Alps: evidence from xenoliths in the Euganean trachytes (NE Italy)

Oligocene trachytes from the Euganean Hills include various regionally metamorphosed gneissic and granulitic xenoliths. These xenoliths provide the unique opportunity to investigate South Alpine intermediate to deep crustal levels that are not at present exposed in the Eastern Alps. The estimated P–T conditions are in the range of 780–850°C and 0.45–0.55 GPa for a migmatitic gneiss xenolith. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP II) U–Pb analyses on zircon from this xenolith provide concordant ages around 259.7 ± 3.5 Ma, consistent with a proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) U–Th–Pb age on monazite of 262 ± 12 Ma. The Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions, and major and trace element data show distinct origins for the different types of xenoliths. Mafic granulite xenoliths have an isotopic signature close to mantle-derived rocks and to Permian gabbroic rocks from the Western Southern Alps. Metapelite xenoliths have high Sr and low Nd initial ratios like those of acid crustal rocks and could possibly represent the source of the crustal component that is dominant in the acid Permian supervolcanoes. The migmatitic xenolith provides the first documented evidence for a Permian thermal event associated with crustal thinning in the Eastern Southern Alps. Here the South Alpine basement escaped most of the Alpine crustal shortening and still preserves most of the original Permian extension under thick Mesozoic cover. Supplementary material: Microprobe analyses of mineralogical phases and Ti-in-biotite geothermometric calculations are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.5032337
Comparative Study on the Activity of GaF3 and Ga2O3 Nanoparticle-Doped CsF-AlF3 Flux for Brazing 6061 Al/Q235 Steel Joints

The effect of trace amounts of GaF3 and Ga2O3 nanoparticles on the wettability and spreadability of CsF-AlF3 flux matched Zn-15Al filler metal were comparatively studied on 6061 aluminum alloy and Q235 low-carbon steel. The experimental results indicate that appropriate amounts of GaF3 and Ga2O3 added into the flux could significantly promote the Zn-15Al filler metal to wet and spread on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy and Q235 low-carbon steel. The optimum ranges for GaF3 and Ga2O3 were 0.0075–0.01wt. % and 0.009–0.01 wt. %, respectively. Comparative analysis showed that the activity of CsF-AlF3 flux bearing GaF3 was higher than that bearing Ga2O3. The reason for this is that the former flux has a stronger ability to remove oxides of the base metal and reduce the interfacial tension of the molten filler metal and the base metal.
Gender segregation and wage differentials in India: the role of educational attainment and occupational choices

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the interrelation between two important dimensions of gender segregation: education and occupation. It further investigates the gender wage gap.Design/methodology/approachThe author uses a three-way additive decomposition of the mutual information index – an index based on the concept of entropy. A non-parametric wage decomposition method that uses matching comparisons is used for measuring the wage gap.FindingsThe results show that the extent of gender segregation in India is higher in urban areas than that in rural areas. Most of the observed segregation in rural labour markets originates from educational outcomes, whereas in urban markets it is due to occupational profile of individuals. The findings of the wage decomposition analysis suggest that education in rural areas also explains a sizeable part of the gender wage differential. Nevertheless, a large share of the wage gap remains unexplained in both rural and urban areas.Originality/valueWhile much research has looked at occupational segregation, less attention has been paid to educational segregation. The paper uses a unique approach to understand the joint effect of occupation and education in explaining gender segregation.
CO2 emissions from forest degradation in Brazilian Amazon

Forest degradation is widespread around the world, due to multiple factors such as unsustainable logging, agriculture, invasive species, fire, fuelwood gathering, and livestock grazing. In the Brazilian Amazon forest degradation from August 2006 to July 2016 reached 1,1 869 800 ha. The processes of forest degradation are still poorly understood, being a missing component in anthropogenic CO2 emission estimates in tropical forests. In this work, we analyzed temporal trajectories of forest degradation from August 2006 to July 2016 in the Brazilian Amazon and assessed their impact on the regional carbon balance. We combined the degradation process with deforestation-related processes (clear-cut deforestation and secondary vegetation dynamics), using the spatially-explicit INPE-EM carbon emission model. The trajectory analysis showed that 13% of the degraded area ended up being cleared and converted in the period and 61% of the total degraded area experienced only one event of degradation throughout the whole period. Net emissions added up to 5.4 GtCO2, considering the emissions from forest degradation and deforestation, absorption from degraded forest recovery, and secondary vegetation dynamics. The results show an increase in the contribution of forest degradation to net emissions towards the end of the period, related to the decrease in clear-cut deforestation rates, decoupled from the forest degradation rates. The analysis also indicates that the regeneration of degraded forests absorbed 1.8 GtCO2 from August 2006 and July 2016—a component typically overlooked in the regional carbon balance.
Intuitionistic fuzzy approach in multi-objective optimization for KRBMC irrigation system, India

ABSTRACT In the present study, a new optimization approach, intuitionistic fuzzy optimization (IFO), has been proposed for optimal cropping pattern in the Kakrapar Right Bank Main Canal command area of Ukai Kakrapar Water Resources Project in India. The IFO is an extension of the fuzzy optimization technique which considers, apart from the degree of acceptance, the degree of rejection and hesitation index as the performance measures of the model. The IFO multi-objective fuzzy linear programming (IFO MOFLP) solution for three objectives, i.e. maximization of net irrigation benefits, employment generation and cost of cultivation, with sets of constraints, resulted in the optimal cropping pattern in the command area with irrigation intensity of 76.92%. The results of IFO MOFLP have been found to be similar to multi-objective fuzzy linear programming (MOFLP), in terms of the irrigation intensity of command area. The MOFLP gave the overall degree of satisfaction ( = 0.503) for the chosen command area; however, IFO MOFLP gives the additional parameters, i.e. degree of rejection, = 0.282 and degree of hesitation, = 0.215 with overall acceptance of = 0.503 for (Scaling factor) = 0.3. The sensitivity of model parameters with scaling factor indicated that the degree of acceptance has been found to be fairly constant with while the degree of rejection and hesitation index have shown the contrasting trends with .
Comparison of acromio-axillo-suprasternal notch index with upper lip bite test and ratio of height to thyromental distance for prediction of difficult intubation: a prospective study

Preoperative evaluation of airway helps anaesthesiologists to make a strategy to secure airway to prevent life-threatening complications. The aim of the study was to compare the acromio-axillo-suprasternal notch index (AASI), the ratio of height to thyromental distance (RHTMD) and the upper-lip-bite test (ULBT) to predict difficult laryngeal visualization preoperatively. Method: A total of 240 adult patients in American Society Anaesthesiologist physical status (ASA) I and II requiring general anaesthesia for routine surgery were enrolled. The airway was evaluated on the acromio-axillo-suprasternal notch index (AASI), upper lip bite test (ULBT), and the ratio of height to thyromental distance (RHTMD) for all enrolled patients. An experienced anaesthesiologist, not aware of the recorded preoperative airway evaluation, performed the laryngoscopy and laryngoscopic view was graded as per Cormack and Lehane classification. Primary objective was to assess the efficacy of AASI for prediction of the difficult airway. Secondary objective was to compare it with the RHTMD and ULBT. Results: Difficult visualization of the larynx (DVL i.e: Cormack Lehane III and IV) was observed in 33 patients. Higher sensitivity 93.94%, specificity 97.58%, PPV 86.1 %, diagnostic accuracy (97.08% ) with low false positive (5) was for AASI as compared to the ULBT with the sensitivity of 42.4%, specificity of 87.7%, PPV 35% and diagnostic accuracy 81.25% and the corresponding value for the RHTMD was 75.76%, 47.34%, 18.66% and 51.25% respectively. Thus suggest, AASI to be superior to the RHTMD and the ULBT in the prediction of difficult visualization of the larynx. The area under the curve for the receiver operating curve ( AUC of ROC ) of AASI (0.965,95 %CI=0.93-0.98;p= 0.49 cms, RHTMD 2 were endorsed for predicting difficulty in endotracheal intubation Conclusion: Preoperative assessment value of AASI >0.49 was found to be a good and reliable predictor for difficult visualisation of the larynx.
SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES: THE IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS ON ECONOMIC ROWTH WITH REFERENCE TO THE CHINESE MODEL

The subject of the research is related to the analysis of the impact of special economic zones on the economic growth of countries that have applied the aforementioned concept of economic development, with reference to the Chinese model. The research goals are to provide the scientific and expert public with an overview of the mechanism of special economic zones and the implications on targeted macroeconomic parameters. The research was conducted by analyzing the relevant literature, the method of deduction and quantification of the impact of special economic zones on economic growth. The research will provide an answer to the research problem that is sublimated in the question: Do special economic zones stimulate economic growth of the national economy and how? The results of the research will show that there is a strong relationship and a degree of determination between special economic zones and targeted macroeconomic parameters. This will confirm the basic hypothesis that special economic zones have a significant impact on sustainable and inclusive economic growth of the national economy ceteris paribus as well as the access to high technology, innovations and know-how.
Video Saliency Detection Using Bi-directional LSTM

Significant detection of video can more rationally allocate computing resources and reduce the amount of computation to improve accuracy. Deep learning can extract the edge features of the image, providing technical support for video saliency. This paper proposes a new detection method. We combine the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the Deep Bidirectional LSTM Network (DB-LSTM) to learn the spatio-temporal features by exploring the object motion information and object motion information to generate video. A continuous frame of significant images. We also analyzed the sample database and found that human attention and significant conversion are time-dependent, so we also considered the significance detection of video cross-frame. Finally, experiments show that our method is superior to other advanced methods.