Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanically coupling on the plate interface in the Nankai trough, Japan and a possible seismic and aseismic rupture scenario for megathrust earthquakes

Quantifying the stress distribution or ﬁnding mechanically coupled areas on the plate interface is fundamentally important for conjecturing megathrust earthquakes that may occur in the future. Kinematically coupled areas, or slip deﬁcit distributions, on plate interfaces were commonly estimated by geodetic-data analyses. However, mechanically coupled areas are not identical to the kinematically coupled areas. The present study develops an inversion method to estimate thestress rate distribution as mechanically coupled areas. We apply this method to the Nankai trough subduction zone, southwestern Japan to detect mechanically coupled areas. Some of the estimated coupled areas correspond to the rupture areas of historical earthquakes. Others are in a deeper part, which may release the stress as aseismic slip. We then construct a rupture scenario that can occur in the Nankai trough in the future based on the estimated mechanical coupling,assuming that an eﬀective stress accumulation period is 100 years. The scenario consists of a foreshock of M W 8.0 followed by an afterslip of M W 7.
Predictive Risk Factors at Admission and a "Burning Point" During Hospitalization Serve as Sequential Alerts for Critical Illness in COVID-19 Patients

Background In critically ill COVID-19 patients, the crucial turning point before critical illness onset (CIO) remain largely unknown, and the combination of baseline risk factors with the turning point during hospitalization was rarely reported. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 1150 consecutively admitted patients with con�rmed COVID-19 were enrolled, including 296 critical and 854 non-critical patients. We compared the differences of all the clinically tested indicators and their dynamic changes between critical and non-critical patients. Three prediction models were established and validated based on the risk factors at admission, and an online baseline predictive tool was developed. Linear mixed model (LMM) was applied for longitudinal data analysis in 296 critical patients throughout the hospitalization, to predict the likelihood and possible time of critical illness in COVID-19 patients. A crucial turning point, where several indicators will experience a greater and signi�cantly continuous change before CIO, was de�ned as “burning point” in our study. This point indicates the deterioration of patient’s condition before CIO. Results We established a novel two-checkpoint system to predict critical illness for COVID-19 patients in which the �rst checkpoint happened at patient admission was assessed by a baseline prediction model to project the likelihood of critical illness based on the variables selected from random forest and LASSO regression analysis, including age, SOFA score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), International Normalized Ratio (INR), and pneumonia area derived from CT images, which yields an AUC of 0.960 (95% con�dence interval, 0.941-0.972) and 0.958 (0.936-0.980) in the training and testing sets, respectively. This model has been translated into a public web-based risk calculator. Furthermore, the second checkpoint (designated as “burning point” in our study) could be identi�ed as early as 5 days preceding the CIO, and 12 (IQR, 7-17) days after illness onset. Seven most signi�cant and representative “burning point” indicators were SOFA score, NLR, C-reactive protein (CRP
Factors Related to the COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors of Adolescents: Focusing on Six Middle and High Schools in Korea

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the worst infectious disasters in human history. The best way to minimize COVID-19 transmission is to follow preventive measures. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing adolescents’ COVID-19 prevention behaviors. The study was conducted online from 1 to 15 February 2023 with 196 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years of age. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, the independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple hierarchical regression analysis. Adolescents’ COVID-19 prevention behaviors were influenced by intrapersonal factors, such as knowledge of and attitudes toward COVID-19, and interpersonal factors, such as social support. Community and governmental factors had no impact. Public health education strategies should be planned to include friends and family members in programs for preventing new infectious diseases such as COVID-19 so that adolescents can learn and share what they have learned, correct wrong behavior, and understand and change infection prevention behavior. In addition, it is necessary to actively support the development of public health education with appropriate contents in accordance with the characteristics and preferences of adolescents.
Diatoms as a tracer of hydrological connectivity: are they supply limited?

Recent work has shown that aerial diatoms are a useful ecological tracer of hydrological connectivity in the hillslope–riparian zone–stream (HRS) system. While such work has improved both our understanding of catchment functioning and aerial diatom taxonomy, assemblages and distribution, further work is hampered by lack of data on diatom population depletion during rainfall events. We still do not know whether or not diatom tracers are supply limited. Here we test the null hypothesis that aerial diatoms exhibit infinite supply in the context of natural rainfall events. Rainfall simulation experiments were conducted in a small forested catchment in northwest Luxembourg. We extracted periodically soil surface samples and overland flow samples for diatom population size and species assemblage analyses. Diatom population size was quantified using a new approach we have developed, which involves extracting diatoms using carbonated water and an isopycnic separation technique. Our results showed that pre‐event population size was c. 96 100 diatoms per cm2 in the riparian zone. During the artificial rainfall event, the diatom population was depleted by 72% to 27 200 diatoms per cm2. The diatom assemblage was characteristic of a frequently disturbed environment. Overall, these results suggest that diatoms are supply limited, and are flushed significantly throughout rainfall events. Nevertheless, based on the data from these 1 in 10‐year rainstorm simulations, the riparian zone diatom population is unlikely to be exhausted on an event time scale. Further research is now underway to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of aerial diatom communities across a range of storm sizes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloud and haze properties from Pioneer Venus polarimetry

Analysis of linear polarization data obtained by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter Cloud Photopolarimeter experiment indicates that the visible clouds at low and mid-latitudes are composed predominantly of 1 µm radius H2SO4 droplets, an identification made previously by using earth-based observations. Mixed within and extending above this main visible cloud is an extensive haze of submicron-sized particles. These haze particles have a refractive index of 1.45±0.04 at λ ≃550 nm, an effective radius of 0.23±0.04 µm, and a size distribution with an effective variance of 0.18±0.1. The polarization of the bright regions poleward of about 55° latitude is produced almost entirely by this submicron haze. The submicron haze has been found to exhibit large spatial and temporal variations. In January 1979 the haze vertical optical thickness in the polar region at λ=365 nm was τh ∼0.8 above the main cloud of l-µm particles. By comparison, the optical thickness of the haze above the main cloud at low latitudes was typically 1 order of magnitude smaller, τh ∼0.06, however haze mixed within the cloud contributed ∼18% of the total scattering cross section per unit volume at λ=365 nm. More recent observations indicate that there are major changes of the haze on time scales of hundreds of days (e.g., the optical thickness of the polar cap haze is smaller by a factor of 2–3 in October 1979 than in January 1979). Substantial diurnal variations exist at low latitudes, with a greater amount of haze near the morning terminator than near the noon meridian. The global distribution of haze will be monitored during the extended Pioneer Venus mission to permit analysis of long time scale variations as well as correlation with characteristics of the atmospheric dynamics deduced from ultraviolet images of the cloud tops.
JUVENILE-MATURE GENETIC CORRELATIONS IN Pinus taeda CLONES PROPAGATED VIA SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS

This study aimed to estimate the genetic correlation among selection ages (juvenile - adult) and efficiency of early selection for the height, diameter, and volume traits of individuals from Pinus taeda families propagated via somatic embryogenesis. This study was carried out by genetic-statistical analysis, estimation procedure of variance (Reml), and prediction components of breeding values (Blup), using the Selegen-Reml/Blup software. Genetic correlations among juvenile ages and rotation age were performed by applying the linear model developed by Lambeth (1980). In accordance with results of the established model, the early selection can be performed in clones of Pinus taeda with high selection efficiency. Ages from 4 to 6 years old are enough to select Pinus taeda clones propagated via somatic embryogenesis for harvesting at 8 and 12 years old; and 6 to 10 years old are enough to select them for harvesting at 20 years old. On the basis of the genetic correlations estimates from the environments, the clones' selection of Pinus taeda propagated via somatic embryogenesis should be developed specifically for each environment. The clones' selection can be performed considering the diameter due to the high correlation between volume and diameter.
Identiﬁcation and Analysis of Multi-Station Atmospheric Electric Field Anomalies before the Yangbi Ms 6.4 Earthquake on 21 May 2021

: This study reports the atmospheric electric ﬁeld (AEF) anomalies associated with seismic-geological activity recorded by the monitoring network in the Sichuan–Yunnan region of China during the 15–30 days prior to the Yangbi earthquake in Yunnan Province, China, on 21 May 2021. Based on the real-time AEF data from continuous observation, this study summarized the characteristics of the anomalous interference of different meteorological factors on the AEF, compared the simultaneous meteorological data of the AEF anomalies, and ruled out the inﬂuence of precipitation, wind, fog, and other weather factors on the AEF anomalies in Yangbi County prior to the Yangbi Ms 6.4 earthquake. The AEF anomalies were identiﬁed and extracted from the two-month data from 1 April to 1 June, which were from multiple days, stations, and rupture zones near the 100 km radius from the epicenter of the Yangbi Ms 6.4 main earthquake. Using time series and wavelet transform analysis methods, the obvious common features of the anomalies were summarized, and the homology of the anomalies was veriﬁed. The main outcome of the investigation in this study will be used to distinguish and characterize the AEF anomalies associated with pre-seismic geologic activity of non-meteorological elements in the near future.
Pengaruh Pemberdayaan USAha Kecil dan Menengah terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Kecamatan Tompaso Barat Kabupaten Minahasa

Improvement and empowerment of community resources in a planned and systematic way will greatlyaffect the improvement of people's welfare in Tompaso Barat District. This study uses quantitative research,which is trying to answer the magnitude of the effect of variables Empowering Small and MediumEnterprises to the Welfare Society.The data were collected with careful observation, including questionnaires in detailed contexts andin-depth interviews, as well as analysis results. Descriptive Statistics describes the mean and standarddeviation of the dependent and independent variables, the average public welfare being 31.87 means withthe standard deviation of 2,980. The average empowerment is 28.70 means with the standard deviation of2,902. Contribution of empowerment variable to welfare is obtained 48,0% it means that variation of societyprosperity change also influenced by variation of change of empowerment variable and the rest equal to52,0% which influenced by other factor. By empowering Small and Medium Enterprises in West TompasoSubdistrict will affect the welfare of the community as well as increase economic growth in each village.
STUDIES ON THE ASSOCIATION OF ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS IN POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequently encountered endocrine disorders in women in reproductive age. This condition occurs in as many as 5-10 % of women of reproductive age with onset manifesting as early as puberty. PCOS is primarily characterized by hyperandrogenism, insulin-resistance and chronic anovulation. Materials and Methods: PCOS patients (n = 50) were recruited from the out-patient department of the Department of Gynecology at the Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar (JLNMCH) from January 2022 to December 2022. Based on the criteria derived from the 1990 National Institutes of Health (NIH) conference, diagnosis of PCOS was established when either oligomenorrhea (cycles lasting longer than 35 days) or amenorrhea (less than two menstrual cycles in the past 6 months) and either clinical signs of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism or obvious acne or alopecia and/or an elevated total testosterone (normal range: testosterone (total) <86ng/ml). Result: In our study we have taken 25 non-obese PCOS cases and 25 obese PCOS cases as cases and 25 non obese controls and 25 obese controls as control. Serum LH non-obese PCOS is higher obese PCOS and control. While serum FSH level between two groups is unaltered in all group. In non obese PCOS group serum mean LH/FSH ratio is higher than non-obese control and obese PCOS. LH and LH/FSH ratio are positively correlated with BMI. LH and LH/FSH ratio are negatively correlated with AGE. Conclusion: We can conclude that obese PCOS is more associated with insulin, testosterone level abnormalities and non obese PCOS is associated with gonadotrophin abnormalities.
Remote influence of South Asian black carbon aerosol on East Asian summer climate

The remote impact of South Asian black carbon (SABC) aerosol on East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) was studied and compared with the local impact of local East Asian black carbon (EABC) by using ensemble sensitive experiments in atmospheric general circulation model, GFDL AM2.1. The results show that SABC causes a south–north tripolar precipitation response pattern over East Asia. This includes reduced rainfall over a central area from the Yangtze River valley to East China Sea and southern Japan but intensified rainfall over a northern domain ranging from northern China/Korea to northern Japan as well as over a southern domain, southern China. Such SABC induced changes are about 5–10% of the observed climatological rainfalls in East Asia. Mechanistically, such a remote effect is realized through a propagating wave train along the Asian upper tropospheric jet. The wave train disperses South Asian atmospheric signals downstream and causes intensification of the western Pacific subtropical anticyclone (WPSA), resulting in weakened moisture supply toward East Asia from the Bay of Bengal. In addition, the remote circulation response enhances atmospheric stability over the Yangtze River valley. These two effects together cause rainfall reduction in the Yangtze River valley. Besides, the remote effect tends to offset a fraction of rainfall intensification induced by local EABC. Copyright © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Visual Attention Patterns in Automated and Manual Lane Change Maneuvers

Tesla auto lane change is a feature which automatically steers the vehicle into an adjacent lane when prompted by the driver. 2,473 naturalistic motorway lane changes were annotated to compare driver eye glance behavior before, during, and after maneuvers performed manually and with automation. Change point detection and glance area prevalence revealed distinct patterns in the drivers’ glance behavior. In manual lane changes drivers had more glances to adjacent lanes and over-the-shoulder prior to and during lane crossing compared to automated lane changes which were associated with fewer glances laterally but more glances to the rearview mirror. These differences were more pronounced in lane changes into the leftmost lane. However, in automated exiting maneuvers, drivers had more preparatory glances to adjacent lanes compared to manual. These behaviors could be related to differences in driver visual attention associated with the use of automation.
Women’s Sexual Empowerment and Its Relationship to Contraceptive Use in Bangladesh: Findings From a Recent National Survey

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the relationship between women’s sexual empowerment and contraceptive use among married Bangladeshi women from a nationally representative sample. Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted using the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017–18. The investigation covered a total of 14,515 married, non-pregnant women who were residing with their spouses. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was fitted to assess the relationship between the variables of interest. Results: A unit increase in the sexual empowerment scale increases the odds of contraceptive use by 13%. While increasing age, being Muslim, having a spouse who is older by more than 10 years, and living in rural areas are associated with lower odds of using contraceptives than their respective counterparts, secondary or higher levels of education, having more living children, exposure to TV or radio, and employment are associated with higher odds of using contraceptives. Conclusion: The study’s findings point to the need for addressing women’s perceptions of their right to sexual and reproductive health and equity in order to further efforts to achieve universal access to reproductive health services.
Can tropical nature reserves provide and protect cultural ecosystem services? A case study in Xishuangbanna, China

Cultural ecosystem services (CES) play a pivotal role in local natural conservation and management; however, they frequently remain overlooked by policymakers due to challenges in their definition and quantification. These services are particularly relevant to Asia's indigenous populations. Shangyong and Mengla, two tropical forest reserves in the Xishuangbanna region of Yunnan province, China, were selected for an in‐depth study of CES in this area. Through village interviews and questionnaire surveys, the varieties of CES and their significance were identified and catalogued. Subsequently, the distributions of different CES types were mapped and modelled based on environmental drivers and hotspots. A conservation priority indicator was then formulated to identify the most critical CES necessitating conservation, as these are susceptible to human disturbances in the absence of protected nature reserves. Our findings indicated that the most commonly recognised CES included wildlife, leisure and recreational, folk and custom, and sense of place and identity. Benefits derived from leisure and recreational, and wildlife CES were predominantly safeguarded by nature reserves. In contrast, folk and custom CES and spiritual and religious CES were less reliant on these reserves due to intrinsic community‐based protection. Consequently, while the two tropical forest reserves in Xishuangbanna offer a range of CES, there is a need for differentiated management strategies to foster local support for conservation management decision‐making. The inherent conservation initiatives for spiritual and religious CES and folk and custom CES should be leveraged by incorporating or co‐managing these sacred sites within our protected area system. Conversely, CES with a higher conservation priority index, such as leisure and recreational CES and wildlife CES, require government‐led conservation to safeguard the cultural well‐being of local communities. In conclusion, incorporating CES into nature reserve management strategies is crucial across various conservation contexts.
Acquisition and Processing of ToF and Stereo data

Providing a computer the capability to estimate the three-dimensional geometry of a scene is a fundamental problem in computer vision. A classical systems that has been adopted for solving this problem is the so-called stereo vision system (stereo system). Such a system is constituted by a couple of cameras and it exploits the principle of triangulation in order to provide an estimate of the framed scene. In the last ten years, new devices based on the time-of-flight principle have been proposed in order to solve the same problem, i.e., matricial Time-of-Flight range cameras (ToF cameras). This thesis focuses on the analysis of the two systems (ToF and stereo cam- eras) from a theoretical and an experimental point of view. ToF cameras are introduced in Chapter 2 and stereo systems in Chapter 3. In particular, for the case of the ToF cameras, a new formal model that describes the acquisition process is derived and presented. In order to understand strengths and weaknesses of such different systems, a comparison methodology is introduced and explained in Chapter 4. From the analysis of ToF cameras and stereo systems it is possible to understand the complementarity of the two systems and it is intuitive to figure that a synergic fusion of their data might provide an improvement in the quality of the measurements preformed by the two devices. In Chapter 5 a method for fusing ToF and stereo data based on a probability approach is presented. In Chapter 6 a method that exploits color and three-dimensional geometry information for solving the classical problem of scene segmentation is explained
Enhancing Low-Resource NLP by Consistency Training With Data and Model Perturbations

Natural language processing (NLP) has recently shown significant progress in rich-resource scenarios. However, it is much less effective for low-resource scenarios due to the model easily overfitting to limited training data and generalizing poorly on testing data. In recent years, consistency training has been widely adopted and shown great promise in deep learning, but still remains unexplored in low-resource settings. In this work, we propose DM-CT, a framework that incorporates both data-level and model-level consistency training as well as advanced data augmentation techniques for low-resource scenarios. Concretely, the input data is first augmented, and the output distributions of different sub-models generated by model variance are forced to be consistent (model-level consistency). Meanwhile, the predictions of the original input and the augmented one are also constrained to be consistent (data-level consistency). Experiments on different low-resource NLP tasks, including neural machine translation (4 IWSLT14 translation tasks, multilingual translation task, and WMT16 Romanian $\to$ English translation), natural language understanding tasks (GLUE benchmark), and named entity recognition (Conll2003 and WikiGold), well demonstrate the superiority of DM-CT by obtaining significant and consistent performance improvements.