Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of symbiotic calcium oscillations

Nuclear-localised calcium (Ca) oscillations have been shown to be necessary for the establishment of both arbuscular mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbioses. This thesis focuses on the analysis of the nature of this Ca signature and an investigation into how this signature might have changed during the evolution of arbuscular mycorrhizal and root nodule symbioses. The work combines mathematical and experimental biology. A method for detecting frequencies using Bayesian inference, Bayesian Spectrum Analysis, has been tested and further developed for use in the analysis of Ca oscillations. A mathematical model of the oscillatory system has been investigated with bifurcation analysis, focusing on how Ca-binding proteins might account for the experimentally observed variation in the signal. Data were collected for Ca spiking induced by the diffusible signal molecules from the arbuscular mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbioses. No significant differences were found between the patterns of Ca oscillations. This study was extended to a group of phylogenetically diverse plants in order to investigate whether there is evidence for changes in the patterns of Ca oscillations during the evolution of the signalling pathway from the more ancient arbuscular symbiosis to the more recent root nodule symbiosis. Although some variation in Ca patterns was found, this did not show a consistent correlation with phylogenetic relationships. Taken together, the present study suggests possible sources of the observed variability of Ca patterns. It also indicates that the system of Ca oscillations is a highly conserved part of the symbiotic signalling pathway.
Effect of Kimchi Intake on the Composition of Human Large Intestinal Bacteria

We have conducted this study to examine effect of kimchi intake on the composition of human large intestinal bacteria. Two hundred grams of kimchi were administered to 10 healthy young volunteers (20-30 years old) every day for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of non-intake period. The non-intake-intake cycle was repeated for 10 weeks. Except antibiotics and materials which contain live bacteria, subjects were allowed to eat ad libitum. The composition of intestinal microflora (Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Staphylococcus, Clostridium perfringens) was examined a1 the last day of each period. and activities, pH and moisture content of the fecal samples were also measured. During the administration of kimchi, the cell counts of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc increased significantly (p and decreased during kimchi intake (p
Biochemical Changes During Draft Loading in Donkeys

The present investigation was carried out to study the effects of draft load on biochemical parameters glucose, cholesterol, urea and lactate in donkeys. Six male donkeys 4 to 5 years of age were subjected to loading exercise (i.e. 10 per cent draft load for 1st to 5th days and 20 per cent draft load from 6th to 10th day). A highly significant (P<0.01) increase in serum lactate and urea and highly significant decrease in glucose level at 10 per cent and 20 per cent draft load was noted. Cholesterol showed non-significant (P<0.05) effect at 10 per cent and 20 per cent draft load.
Bean common mosaic virus and related viruses in Africa

This bulletin reviews the current status of research knowledge on bean common mosaic potyvirus (BCMV) and reports the results of a survey of the occurrence of BCMV in the main bean-growing areas of Africa. The strain of each BCMV isolate collected has been identified by its reactions on a standard set of differential bean cultivars and distribution maps of strain occurrence have been prepared for each country surveyed. BCMV isolates were collected from Phaseolus vulgaris bean crops and from wild species of legumes and other non-Phaseolus legume crops.
Human–Wild Pig Conflict in Selected States in India and Mitigation Strategies

We investigated the human–wild pig conflict in 5 different states in India. In these states, the wild pig populations are fragmented and relatively isolated all over. Agricultural crop depredation and attacks on humans being by wild pigs is a major problem. During 1990-2008, a total 309 human killing and injury cases were caused by wild pigs in these states. There was marked monthly variation in human casualties. Highest number of casualties occurred in November (n = 61). Wild pigs caused maximum human casualties in forests (73.8%) than crop fields (21.7%) and villages (4.5%). Highest number of 92 human casualties occurred in the age group of 41-50 years. Highest number of 97 human casualties occurred between 0801-1200 h (n = 97). Damage to agricultural crops by wild pigs was of varying extent (5-36%). As a result, people have developed antagonistic attitude towards the wild pigs which adversely affect the conservation efforts. Recommendations have been made for reducing the human–wild pig conflict in these states.
ALGAE OR YEAST SUPPLEMENTATION FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS

OF THESIS ALGAE OR YEAST SUPPLEMENTATION FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS The objective of the first study was to quantify the effects of feeding Schizochytrium sp. microalgae (SP-1, Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY) on milk fat and DHA content. Eight cows were fed: 0, 100, 300, or 600 g of algae per day. Fat percentage was greater (P < 0.05) for cows on treatments 0 g and 100 g than for cows on treatments 300 g and 600 g (P < 0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid in milk was greater for cows on treatment 300 and 600 than for cows on treatment 0 and 100 (P < 0.05). The objective of the second study was to assess yeast supplementation effects on high and low forage dairy cow diets. Four cows were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) low forage (LF), 2) low forage with 10 g/d yeast (Yea-Sacc®; Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY; LFY), 3) high forage (HF), or 4) high forage with 10 g/d yeast (HFY). Only rumination time and DMI were influenced by treatment (P < 0.01). Dry matter intake was 17.05, 13.41, 19.44, and 20.29 ± 1.40 kg/d and rumination time was 442.88, 323.09, 433.34, and 475.50 ± 21.93 min/d for cows on the LF, LFY, HF, and HFY treatments, respectively.
Prevalence of depression and its risk factors among a rural geriatric population of North Kerala

Prevalence of depression and its risk factors among a rural geriatric population of North Kerala Rose Jacob S.1*, Rapheal L.2, Bina T.3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17511/ijphr.2015. i4.05 1* Sabitha Rose Jacob, Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala, India. 2 Lucy Rapheal, Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical college, Manjeri, Kerala, India. 3 Thomas Bina, Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical college, Manjeri, Kerala, India.
A future for the dugong

The dugong (Dugong dugon) is the only herbivorous mammal that is strictly marine and is the only extant species in the Family Dugongidac. The other members of the order Sirenia, the three species of manatee, all use fresh water to varying degrees (Reynolds and Odell 1991). The only other recent Sirenian, Steller's sea cow, Hydrodamalis gigas, was hunted to extinction within 27 years of its discovery in the eighteenth century (Stejneger 1887). All extant members of Order Sirenia (induding the dugong) are listed as vulnerable to extinction (Hilton-Taylor 2000). All populations of the dugong are also listed on Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Prospects for the survival of the dugong are the best among the Sirenia, because each manatee species has a more localised distribution than that of the dugong (Reynolds and Odell 1991). In addition, the estimates of dugong abundance in Australia which total to a mean of about 85000 individuals (Marsh et al. 1999) are much greater than have been recorded or suggested for any species of manatee.
Aquaculture: Biology and Ecology of Cultured Species

Introduction to aquaculture. The production of living material in the aquatic environment - the aquatic environment, production of living matter in the aquatic environment the biological basis of the culture of molluscs - environment and nutrition, somatic development, reproduction of bivalve molluscs biological basis of the culture of fish - general remarks on fish culture, fish nutrition, fish reproduction, juvenile rearing and the hatchery, fish culture in ponds, intensive ongrowing of fish.
Floral Scent Chemistry and Stamen Movement of Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link (Calycanthaceae)

The fioral scent of eniinonanthuspraecox (L,) Link (Calycanthaceae; Magrioliids) was cellected by the headspace method and analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components of the fioral $cents are benzyl acetate (42.2 %), trans-&ocimene (24.8 %), 1inalool (17.2 %), and benzyl alcohol (6.9 %). These compounds arc common in the scent profiles of many plants throughout the angiosperms. In addition, the female and male stages (phases) of thc protogynous, drooping flowers ef C. praecox f concolor Makino were observed. In the female phase the stamens are bent toward the tepals away from the pistils at a right angle. After approximately two days the stamens commence to meve to enclese the pistils, It takes from one to four days for the stamens to eventually enclosc the pistils in the varieus flowers and then anthers shed their pollen,
Utilisation des marqueurs enzymatiques pour l'étude génétique du cacaoyer: Theobroma cacao L. I: Contrôle génétique et «linkage» de neuf marqueurs enzymatiques

La recherche de nouveaux marqueurs genetiques a ete entreprise chez le cacaoyer a l'aide des techniques d'electrophorese d'enzymes. Ils permettront une meilleure connaissance de la variabilite genetique et de l'organisation des differents groupes de cacaoyers en meme temps qu'une etude plus aisee des problemes de reproduction de cette plante. Les techniques classiques de migration et de revelation des enzymes sur gel d'amidon ont ete utilisees. L'analyse du determinisme genetique et du «linkage» de six systemes enzymatiques a ete faite et concerne: isocitrate deshydrogenase, malate deshydrogenase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphatases acides, alcool deshydrogenase
Effect of irrigation methods and fertilizer levels on yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum)

The experiment was conducted during 1998-99 and 1999-2000 to assess the comparative performance of different irrigation methods in relation to productivity and economic retuins and to find out optimum fertilizer dose for winter season potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Total 18 treatments comprising 3 irrigation methods, viz drip, sprinkler and surface, and 6 fertilizer treatments, viz 80, 40 and 40 kg; 120,60 and 60 kg; 160,80 and 80 kg; 80, 40 and 80 kg; 120,60 and 120 kg; and 160,80 and 160 kg N, P and K/ha, with 6 replications were undertaken in split-plot design. The sprinkler and drip irrigation systems resulted in significantly higher potato tuber yield to the extent of 43.5 and 21.2 %, respectively, compared with conventional surface method. The sprinkler method of irrigation gave maximum net returns (Rs 42 850/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.93). Drip irrigation system saved 39% water compared with other systems, but high initial investment for drip resulted in the lowest benefit: cost ratio which made it less economical for close growing crop like potato. The fertilizer dose of 120,60 and 120 kg N, P and K/ha resulted in significantly higher potato tuber yield than all lower and higher fertilizer levels and found optimum for potato.
Monitoring Reproduction From the Starting Gate

Introduction Aggressive reproductive management comprises three strategies that can be implemented early during the breeding period of lactating dairy cows: 1) submit all cows for first postpartum AI service at the end of the voluntary waiting period, 2) identify nonpregnant cows early post-AI, and 3) quickly return cows failing to conceive to first AI service to second AI service. Although many dairy producers rely on estrus detection to inseminate cows, less than 50% of all estrus periods are accurately detected on an average dairy farm in the United States (Senger, 1994). This inefficiency in estrus detection can increase the average interval between AI services to 40 to 50 days (Stevenson and Call, 1983) and limits both reproductive efficiency and profitability. New tools for managing reproduction can be used to improve reproductive efficiency within a dairy herd. Use of hormonal synchronization systems that allow for fixed-time AI ensures that all cows receive AI at or near the end of the voluntary waiting period. New strategies also are being developed to identify nonpregnant cows early after they receive first AI service. Systems for aggressively returning cows that fail to conceive to first AI service currently are being tested and developed.
Real-time analysis of δ13C- and δD-CH4 in ambient air with laser spectroscopy: method development and first intercomparison results

Abstract. In situ and simultaneous measurement of the three most abundant isotopologues of methane using mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy is demonstrated. A field-deployable, autonomous platform is realized by coupling a compact quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer (QCLAS) to a preconcentration unit, called trace gas extractor (TREX). This unit enhances CH4 mole fractions by a factor of up to 500 above ambient levels and quantitatively separates interfering trace gases such as N2O and CO2. The analytical precision of the QCLAS isotope measurement on the preconcentrated (750 ppm, parts-per-million, µmole mole−1) methane is 0.1 and 0.5 ‰ for δ13C- and δD-CH4 at 10 min averaging time. Based on repeated measurements of compressed air during a 2-week intercomparison campaign, the repeatability of the TREX–QCLAS was determined to be 0.19 and 1.9 ‰ for δ13C and δD-CH4, respectively. In this intercomparison campaign the new in situ technique is compared to isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) based on glass flask and bag sampling and real time CH4 isotope analysis by two commercially available laser spectrometers. Both laser-based analyzers were limited to methane mole fraction and δ13C-CH4 analysis, and only one of them, a cavity ring down spectrometer, was capable to deliver meaningful data for the isotopic composition. After correcting for scale offsets, the average difference between TREX–QCLAS data and bag/flask sampling–IRMS values are within the extended WMO compatibility goals of 0.2 and 5 ‰ for δ13C- and δD-CH4, respectively. This also displays the potential to improve the interlaboratory compatibility based on the analysis of a reference air sample with accurately determined isotopic composition.
The role of toll-like receptor 9 on B-cell activating factor expression and function in normal human B-cells

B-cell autoreactivity is a characteristic abnormality in several autoimmune diseases. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inappropriate activation of TLR7 and TLR9, accompanied by high serum levels of BAFF, are implicated in disease pathogenesis. In murine B-cells, TLR9 activation resulted in up-regulating BAFF expression, while such a direct effect has not yet been established in normal human B-cells (nhB-cells). Therefore, the effect of CpG-2006, a synthetic TLR9 ligand, on the expression and function of BAFF and its receptors (BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA) in nhB-cells was studied. BAFF expression, in response to CpG-2006, was significantly upregulated at the level of mRNA, intracellular and membrane-bound protein in nhB-cell. In contrast, enhancement of BAFF secretion in culture supernatants of CpG-2006-stimulated nhB-cells was not detected. CpG-2006 treatment of nhB-cells significantly enhanced the expression of TACI and BCMA, but did not affect BAFF-R expression. CpG-2006-stimulated B-cells, in co-cultures with freshly isolated nhB-cells, co-stimulated B-cell receptor-induced cellular proliferation of the freshly isolated nhB-cells. This effect was completely blocked by a BAFF-specific monoclonal antibody. CpG-2006 treatment of nhB-cells sensitised them to proliferate in response to exogenous BAFF, whereas exogenous BAFF per se had no effect on the proliferation of untreated nhB-cells. This effect was inhibited by an anti-BAFF-R blocking antibody, but was not inhibited by anti-TACI or anti-BCMA antibodies. CpG-2006 mediated BAFF expression through NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways, and partially through p38MAPK. Simultaneous treatment of nhB-cells with CpG-2006 and either of the inhibitory ODNs (ODN-TTAGGG or ODN-2088), at 1:5 ratio (CpG-2006: INH-ODN), inhibited CpG-2006-induced BAFF expression in nhB-cells. Finally, BJAB, RPMI and RAMOS B-cell tumour lines failed to represent nhB-cell’s responses to CpG-2006 treatment. Taken together, these novel findings demonstrate a functional cross-talk between TLR9 and BAFF in nhB-cells, and have possible implications for the roles of TLR9 and BAFF in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Investigating the effects of Yersinia pestis V antigen as an immunomodulator of innate immune responses in sepsis

Sepsis is not only the leading cause of death in non-coronary intensive care units (ICUs) but also one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality for all hospitalised patients. Globally, 20 to 30 million patients are estimated to be afflicted every year with an astonishing hospital mortality rates between 30 and 60%. There is no current therapy for sepsis other than anti-infectives and supportive care. These approaches only give the body time to recover, but do not treat the cause of the problem. In this study we seek to discover the effects of the virulence factor from a bacterium, Yersinia pestis V antigen on LPS-induced responses. Y. pestis, the causative agent of the three main plague pandemics has been responsible for over 200 million deaths. The bacterium has been so successful because it encodes several virulence factors, one of which is V antigen. Our results demonstrate a modulatory role of Y. pestis V antigen on bacterial infections. Using monocytic and macrophage cells we have shown that V antigen can reduce the expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system, causing the modulation of the cellular response directed towards LPS bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). We also tested different fractions of Y. pestis in order to identify the functional domain of responsible for this immunomodulation. Our results demonstrated that this functional domain in found within the amino acids 135-275 of V antigen. Of a greater magnitude, our in vivo data show an impressive 80% reduction in mortality in a mouse model of sepsis when mice are treated with V antigen in comparison to those that were not. This protein should unquestionably be further investigated as a possible therapeutic intervention for sepsis.
Importance of the IL-6/STAT3 signalling pathway in prostate cancer stem cells

Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in men in the Western world. Currently, most treatments are directed towards an androgen receptor-expressing cell, which encompasses the majority of prostate tumours. Unfortunately, the tumour recurs in the majority of patients. This recurrence is thought to arise due to the presence of a rare population of prostate cancer stem cells. These cells are also hypothesized to be responsible for tumour initiation, maintenance, recurrence and metastasis. It is therefore important to develop novel therapies to target these tumour-initiating cells. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is involved in the regulation of a multitude of cellular functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. IL-6 and the associated JAK-STAT signalling pathway have been implicated in the development and progression of a variety of tumours, including prostate cancer. In this study we have demonstrated that these stem-like cells, selected from primary prostate cancer cultures have elevated IL-6 levels and express the IL-6 receptor, suggesting that these cells are constitutively active. Targeting IL-6, and downstream activation of STAT3, resulted in a significant decrease in colony forming ability of these stem-like cells. Moreover, treatment with a small molecule inhibitor of STAT3 resulted in a modest inhibition of tumour growth, with a significant increase in the proportion of CD24+ luminal cells. Whilst the impact on established tumours was modest, LLL12 abolished tumour initiation, suggesting that activation of STAT3, through IL-6, is important for the maintenance of the undifferentiated stem-like cells within prostate tumours. Targeting the JAK-STAT signalling pathway in this cell population might result in a more durable response to current standard of care therapies.
Invadopodia formation in breast cancer

2 Acknowledgements.3 Table of contents.5 List of tables.9 List of figures.10 Abbreviations.13 Chapter 1Introduction.14 1.1 Breast cancer metastasis.15 1.2 Metastatic cascade.16 1.3 Promotion of cancer cell metastasis by environmental factors.18 1.3. 1 Growth factors.19 1.3. 2 Hypoxia.20 1.3. 3 HIF-1 structure.22 1.3. 4 HIF-1 Regulation.24 1.3. 5 HIF-1α in cancer cell invasion.27 1.4 Invadopodia as a marker of invasive potential.30 1.4. 1 Discovery.31 1.4. 2 Molecular characteristics of invadopodia.31 1.5 Induction of invadopodia formation.34 1.5. 1 Stimulation by EGF/HGF.34 1.5. 2 Rho family GTPases.35 1.6 PAK family proteins – major effectors of Rho GTPases.37 1.6. 1 PAK1 and PAK2 in cancer.37 1.6. 2 Expression and localization of PAK1 and PAK2.38 1.6. 3 PAK domain structure and function.39 1.6. 4 PAK signalling to the cytoskeleton.43 1.6. 5 PAKs and cancer cell invasion.44 1.6. 6 PAKs and invadopodia.46 1.7 Aims of the project.48 2 3
Comparative test for curative effect of Maduramicin Ammonium and Diclazuril soluble powder on chicken coccidiosis.

In this test,18-day-old chickens were inoculated orally with 50000 oocysts of Eimeria tenella per chicken,and then they were supplied with Maduramicin Ammonium or Diclazuril soluble powder for 7 days.The results indicated that the anti-coccidial index of Maduramicin Ammonium and Diclazuril was 176.60 and 165.59 scores respectively,therefore they were classed as middle efficient anti-coccidial drugs,and both had good anti-coccidial efficacy.The application of Maduramicin Ammonium could significantly increase the weight gain of chicken,and had a good promotive effect on the growth of chicken.