Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Improved Method of The Static Directed Automated Random Testing Method in Test Data Generation for C/C++ Projects

Concolic testing has been well-known among software quality assurance methods thanks to its fully automated capability of generating test data, executing them, and producing code coverage reports. This paper presents an improved method named ISDART for SDART, which is one of the most recent advanced methods based on concolic testing, to increase its performance. The key idea of the proposed method is to remove the waste time on generating and executing random test data which do not increase the code coverage. Initially, ISDART generates random test data only once. Then, with the code coverage information retrieved from the randomly generated test data, ISDART explores an uncovered test path, transforms them to test path constraints, solves those constraints, and generates a new test data from the resulting solution. The process is repeated until no uncovered test path can be found. We have implemented both SDART and ISDART and performed experiments with some common unit functions. The experimental results show that ISDART outperforms SDART in terms of speed for the whole testing process whilst reducing the number of generated test data.
Records and sequences of records from random variables with a linear trend

We consider records and sequences of records drawn from discrete time series of the form Xn = Yn + cn, where the Yn are independent and identically distributed random variables and c is a constant drift. For very small and very large drift velocities, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the probability pn(c) of a record occurring in the nth step and the probability PN(c) that all N entries are records, i.e. that . Our work is motivated by the analysis of temperature time series in climatology, and by the study of mutational pathways in evolutionary biology.
The Bannai-Ito polynomials as Racah coefficients of the sl_{-1}(2) algebra

The Bannai-Ito polynomials are shown to arise as Racah coefficients for sl_{-1}(2). This Hopf algebra has four generators including an involution and is defined with both commutation and anticommutation relations. It is also equivalent to the parabosonic oscillator algebra. The coproduct is used to show that the Bannai-Ito algebra acts as the hidden symmetry algebra of the Racah problem for sl_{-1}(2). The Racah coefficients are recovered from a related Leonard pair.
Helmholtz Theorem for Differential Forms in 3-D Euclidean Space

There are significant differences between Helmholtz and Hodge's decomposition theorems, but both share a common flavor. This paper is a first step to bring them together. We here produce Helmholtz theorems for differential 1-forms and 2-forms in 3-D Euclidean space. We emphasize their common structure in order to facilitate the understanding of another paper, soon to be made public, where a Helmholtz theorem for arbitrary differential forms in arbitrary Euclidean space is presented and which allows one to connect (actually to derive from it) an improvement of Hodge's decomposition theorem.
Internet addiction as a multi-dimensional concept and its relationship with well-being: evidence from PLS-SEM and IPMA analysis

ABSTRACT The paper examines the multi-dimensional nature of Internet Addiction (IA) and its influence on Well-Being (WB) amongst a representative sample of 320 young urban Indian internet users. Nine hypotheses are proposed through a conceptual model to assess the multi-dimensional nature of IA and its relationship with WB. Partial Least Squares – Structure Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was conducted to assess the hypothesised relationships. Of the proposed nine hypotheses, seven were accepted. The result indicated IA as a four-dimensional construct – Internet Control Disorder (ICD), Internet Craving (IC), Internet Obsession (IO), and Addictive Behaviour (AB). The findings supported that ICD positively and significantly influences IC. IC and AB both have a significant impact on IO. ICD and IC have a significant impact on the individual’s AB. ICD and IO significantly influence WB. With respect to the dimensions IC, AB, and IO, the model is successful in explaining around 26%, 45%, and 33% of the variation. IA as a multi-dimensional phenomenon and its relationship with WB in a young-demographic nation like India has immense academic and societal value. The study provides critical actionable insights for users, educators, health counsellors, parents, and policymakers regarding interventions for controlling internet addiction.
Evaluating Satellite-Observed Ecosystem Function Changes and the Interaction with Drought in Songnen Plain, Northeast China

Drought is considered one of the devastating natural disasters worldwide. In the context of global climate change, the frequency and intensity of drought have increased, thereby affecting terrestrial ecosystems. To date, the interactions between ecosystem change and drought, especially their mutual lag and cumulative effects is unclear. The Songnen Plain in northeastern China is one of the three major black soil areas in the world and is highly sensitive to global change. Herein, to quantify the interaction between drought and ecosystem function changes in the Songnen Plain, integrating with time-series moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), leaf area Index (LAI), evapotranspiration (ET), and gross primary productivity (GPP) data, we calculated the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI) based on the meteorological data, diagnosed the causal relationship between SPEI and the ecosystem function indicators i.e., LAI, ET, and GPP, and analyzed the time-lag and cumulative effects between the degree of drought and three ecosystem function indicators using impulse response analysis. The results showed that the trend of SPEI (2000–2020) was positive in the Songnen Plain, indicating that the drought extent had eased towards wetness. LAI showed insignificant changes (taking up 88.34% of the total area), except for the decrease in LAI found in some forestland and grassland, accounting for 9.43%. The pixels showing a positive trend of ET and GPP occupied 24.86% and 54.94%, respectively. The numbers of pixels with Granger causality between LAI and SPEI (32.31%), SPEI and GPP (52.8%) were greater at the significance 0.05 level. Impulse responses between each variable pair were stronger mainly between the 6th and 8th months, but differed significantly between vegetation types. Grassland and cropland were more susceptible to drought than forest. The cumulative impulse response coefficients values indicated that the mutual impacts between all variables were mainly positive. The increased wetness positively contributed to ecosystem function, and in turn enhanced ecosystem function improved regional drought conditions to some extent. However, in the northeastern forest areas, the SPEI showed a significant negative response to increased ET and GPP, suggesting that the improved physiological functions of forest might lead to regional drought. There were regional differences in the interaction between drought conditions and ecosystem function in the Songnen Plain over the past 21 years.
EIT enhanced self-Kerr nonlinearity in the three-level lambda system under Doppler broadening

Using density-matrix theory, an analytical expression of the self-Kerr nonlinear coefficient of a three-level lambda EIT medium for a weak probe light is derived. Influences of the coupling light and Doppler broadening on the self-Kerr coefficient are investigated and compared to experimental observation with a good agreement. The self-Kerr nonlinearity of the medium is modified and greatly enhanced in the spectral region of EIT window. Furthermore, sign, slope, and magnitude of the self-Kerr coefficient can be controlled with frequency and intensity of the coupling light and temperature of the medium. In particular, for a given set of fixed values of the parameter coupling and probe lights, it is possible to choose an optimized temperature with which to obtain the largest magnitude of the self-Kerr coefficient. Such a controllable Kerr nonlinearity can find interesting applications in optoelectronic devices working with low-light intensity at various temperature conditions.
Perfectionism: Its Structure, Transdiagnostic Nature, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

The term perfectionism is often characterized by insisting that everything should be perfect and flawless, believing in only one truth, and having difficulty transforming perspectives and thoughts. Although perfectionism is not a newly introduced concept in the literature, it has recently become one frequently aired both in research and daily life. The popularity of the concept in empirical studies stems from both its dual nature and its alleged roles in the origin, emergence, retention, and treatment of various psychological disorders. Indeed, despite the abundance of evidence that perfectionism is multifaceted within two major dimensions (perfectionist strivings and perfectionist concerns), it is still debated that the dimensions in different numbers better represent the construct. In addition, the relevant literature hosts diverse views and criticisms about which sub-dimensions the two higher-order dimensions will consist of, whether the conceptual content of a combination of these sub-dimensions is positive or negative, and how to calculate the total impact of the sub-dimensions. On the other hand, previous research consistently addressed the relationship of perfectionism with different psychopathologies and comorbidities. In this respect, it is also deemed important to discuss perfectionism in psychotherapy because even settling perfectionist traits may bring about improvements in more than one disorder associated with perfectionism. Thus, the Cognitive Behavioral Approach (CBT) conceptualized perfectionism (clinical perfectionism) and presented techniques for therapy. Moreover, the evidence is also proliferating for the efficiency of CBT for perfectionism. Therefore, in this article, the current literature on the structure, transdiagnostic nature and cognitive behavioral therapy of perfectionism has been reviewed.
Inverse motion planning method for overhead crane systems with state constraints

The trajectory planning problem with state constraints of overhead crane systems is considered in this paper. A new method, that is, an inverse motion planning method, is proposed. On this basis, a new trajectory planner is designed. The payload swing angle trajectory is designed first, and then by substituting it into the dynamic equations, the trolley trajectory is derived. For any transportation tasks, the adjustable parameter of the planner is computed by solving the state constraints such that the system states; that is, the trolley acceleration, trolley speed, and payload swing angle will not exceed their predefined constraints. Several experimental tests are conducted to verify the swing elimination performance of the proposed method.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Supratherapeutic Levels of Unfractionated Heparin in the Management of Critically Ill Patient with Myasthenia Gravis: A Case Report

Patient: Female, 78-year-old Final Diagnosis: Myasthenia gravis (MG) Symptoms: High activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) Medication: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) Clinical Procedure: Thymectomy • transfusion plasma exchange (TPE) Specialty: Critical Care Medicine • Hematology Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an extracorporeal method of filtration indicated in several conditions, including myasthenia gravis (MG). The removal and replacement of plasma through TPE affect the level of coagulation factors, suggesting alterations in homeostasis. TPE also has the potential to remove medications from the plasma. Insufficient data are available that evaluate the effect of TPE on certain medications, such as unfractionated heparin (UFH). Case Report: We report a case of a 78-year-old woman with MG. She underwent a thymectomy complicated by phrenic nerve injury and respiratory failure, requiring admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and mechanical ventilation. She developed a provoked left upper extremity deep venous thrombosis and started on therapeutic UFH with a target activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 50 to 80 seconds. Despite being on immunosuppressants, additional therapy with TPE was deemed necessary for her MG exacerbation. Therefore, she received 5 sessions of TPE, given every other day. Interestingly, while on TPE therapy, the aPTT increased significantly after each administration, with TPE reaching >170 seconds in some instances. As a precautionary measure, heparin infusion was held for 1 day based on the institutional heparin protocol and the physician’s decision. Fortunately, the patient did not develop any bleeding complications. Conclusions: TPE treatment may temporarily deplete the coagulation factors, leading to supratherapeutic aPTT levels. UFH dose adjustment and frequent assessment of aPTT levels are essential during TPE treatment to minimize serious bleeding complications. Future studies with a larger sample size are required to focus on understanding the effect of TPE on medications.
Recent approaches on Huntington's disease (Review)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. Patients of all ages can present with a dysfunction of the nervous system, which leads to the progressive loss of movement control and disabilities in speech, swallowing, communications, etc. The molecular basis of the disease is well-known, as HD is related to a mutated gene, a trinucleotide expansion, which encodes to the huntingtin protein. This protein is linked to neurogenesis and the loss of its function leads to neurodegenerative disorders. Although the genetic cause of the disorder has been known for decades, no effective treatment is yet available to prevent onset or to eliminate the progression of symptoms. Thus, the present review focused on the development of novel methods for the timely and accurate diagnosis of HD in an aim to aid the development of therapies which may reduce the severity of the symptoms and control their progression. The majority of the therapies include gene-silencing mechanisms of the mutated huntingtin gene aiming to suppress its expression, and the use of various substances as drugs with highly promising results. In the present review, the latest approaches on the diagnosis of HD are discussed along with the need for genetic counseling and an up-to-date presentation of the applied treatments.
A Modular Presolve Procedure for Large Scale Linear Programming

In this paper we present a survey of methods used for analysis and simplification of a general single-objective linear program prior to solving it with a simplex type optimizer. We consider the methods known since the early work of Brearley et al. as well as less known or appreciated numerical elimination methods. We then proceed to analyze in detail the usefulness of some of the presolve methods. We attempt to explain what impact each of these methods may have on the activity of a simplex type optimizer. These theoretical speculations are validated by experiments involving the discussed methods and an advanced implementation of the simplex algorithm: a set of very large linear problems analysed with different subsets of available presolve techniques are solved using the simplex optimizer. The paper is accompanied by a modular linear optimization package consisting of a stand alone presolver and postsolver as well as a new release of our advanced simplex optimizer with embedded presolve capabilities.
Development of a spectroscopically resolved photoluminescence microscopy technique for studying strain and defects in high power laser diodes

This paper is proposed on the development of a spectroscopically resolved photoluminescence microscopy (S-PLM) system which allows 2D strain profiles to be produced. Coupled with ageing studies, this technique allows the nondestructive monitoring of defect and strain field evolution, providing insight into device degradation processes. Site specific investigations are made by using the PLM imaging system to position the excitation spot. It is concluded that the S-PLM technique allows us to determine the peak PL wavelength and intensity of any point on the surface studied. Other applications include spectroscopic measurement of near- and far-field patterns and virtual sources of laser diodes.
Study on Doppler spectra of two-dimensional skewed sea surfaces

This paper deals with the effects of horizontal skewness on Doppler spectra. A.K. Fung et al. pointed out that the crests of the sea waves are tilted towards the wind direction, which is referred to as horizontal skewness. Although the nonlinear sea surface is more realistic than the linear one, it cannot embody the statistical front-back asymmetry of real sea waves due to the influence of the wind. Thus, the impact of horizontal skewness must be considered. The first-order modified Lagrange model for asymmetric ocean waves is combined with Monte Carlo method to produce the two-dimensional (2-D) time-varying skewed sea surfaces which are nonlinear and skewed simultaneously. Moreover, the second-order small-slope approximation method is used to calculate the scattering field and study the Doppler spectral characteristics from skewed sea surfaces. Horizontal skewness makes Doppler spectra broader in upwind case, but narrower in downwind case. In addition, the impact of horizontal skewness on Doppler spectra is dependent on wind direction and incident elevation angle.
Forest and Land Rights at a Time of Deforestation and Climate Change: Land and Resource Use Crisis in Uganda

Globally, nations are targeting to achieve the “Green Deal 2030” and “Biodiversity Strategy 2030” to protect and conserve forest ecosystems. Forest land rights that define the nature of forest use have been rendered useless in many developing countries. Uganda is an African country endowed with tropical rainforests. Forests and other protected areas continue to decline due to deforestation and forest degradation in Uganda. Moreover, Uganda is an example of a country with a high allocation of virgin forest land to investors for development projects including agriculture. This paper examined perceptions of Ugandans on property rights and associated factors that impact the implementation of these rights in Uganda. The study conducted a questionnaire survey and obtained a sample size of 199. Key informant interviews (KIIs) on land and forest land rights in Uganda were conducted to get to the bottom of the problem. The results confirm high corruption (82%) and crime in Uganda’s land and forest rights management. Respondents highlighted limited transparency in implementing land and forest property rights. The study concluded that corruption and a lack of transparency frustrate property rights implementation in Uganda. The study recommends the government to prioritize fighting corruption and promoting transparency in the management of land and forest property, among others resources. Properly implementing land rights is vital in protecting and conserving forest ecosystems and other resources.
Supported employment for youth with intellectual disability: Promoting occupational justice

ABSTRACT Introduction: Youth with intellectual disabilities are severely marginalized in accessing employment. South African policies recognize this group as a priority in youth development efforts, but employment research focuses mainly on adults with disabilities. A lack of understanding about the employment endeavours of youth with intellectual disabilities leads to a shortfall in focused employment strategies and could perpetuate occupational injustices for this group. Aim: To explore how a South African work transition program for youth with intellectual disabilities promotes occupational justice through work. Methodology: Critical ethnography and a critical occupational perspective were used to highlight the socio-political context of the program and structural influences on opportunity in work for youth with intellectual disabilities. Eight in-depth interviews were conducted with program directors, a job coach, and an employer, plus five focus group interviews with employed and unemployed youth respectively. Available program documents were reviewed, and reflective journaling was done on observations during interviews. Content analysis of reviewed documents and thematic analysis of interview transcripts were completed. Manifestations of occupational justice were considered in all program aspects. Findings: The individualized support tenet of ‘supported employment’ promoted youth with intellectual disabilities’ uptake of occupational opportunities and sustained participation in work as meaningful occupation. Support was offered by different role players and premised on the program’s human rights foundation in recognition of a concern for contextual barriers, such as policy shortfalls that constrain employment participation and perpetuate occupational injustices for youth with intellectual disabilities.
SnS2 Nanosheets as a Template for 2D SnO2 Sensitive Material: Nanostructure and Surface Composition Effects

Two-dimensional nanosheets of semiconductor metal oxides are considered as promising for use in gas sensors, because of the combination of a large surface-area, high thermal stability and high sensitivity, due to the chemisorption mechanism of gas detection. In this work, 2D SnO2 nanosheets were synthesized via the oxidation of template SnS2 nanosheets obtained by surfactant-assisted one-pot solution synthesis. The 2D SnO2 was characterized using transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and IR spectroscopy. The sensor characteristics were studied when detecting model gases CO and NH3 in dry (RH25 = 0%) and humid (RH25 = 30%) air. The combination of high specific-surface-area and increased surface acidity caused by the presence of residual sulfate anions provides a high 2D SnO2 sensor’s signal towards NH3 at a low temperature of 200 °C in dry air, but at the same time causes an inversion of the sensor response when detecting NH3 in a humid atmosphere. To reveal the processes responsible for sensor-response inversion, the interaction of 2D SnO2 with ammonia was investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) in dry and humid air at temperatures corresponding to the maximum “positive” and maximum “negative” sensor response.
Quasi-static rheology of foams. Part 1. Oscillating strain

A quasi-static simulation is used to study the mechanical response of a disordered bidimensional aqueous foam submitted to an oscillating shear strain. The application of shear progressively extends the elastic domain, i.e. the strain range within which no plastic process occurs. It is associated with the development of an irreversible normal stress difference, and a decrease in the shear modulus, which are both signatures of the appearance of anisotropy in the film network. Beyond this mechanical measurement, the evolutionof the structural properties of the foam is investigated. We focus in particular on the energy E0 defined as the minimum line-length energy under zero shear stress. For strainamplitude less than ~0.5, this quantity is found to decay with the number of applied cycles as a result of the curing of topological defects. However, for higher strain amplitude, plastic events appear to increase the structural disorder and tend to gather near the shearing walls. This process is a precursor of the shear-banding transition observed in fully developed flows, which will be studied in the companion paper. Movies are available with the online version of the paper.