Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lithospheric Strength and Rift Migration Controls on Synrift Stratigraphy and Breakup Unconformities at Rifted Margins: Examples From Numerical Models, the Atlantic and South China Sea Margins

Synrift stratigraphy and the distribution of breakup‐related erosional unconformities vary vastly between passive margins and cannot be explained by classical rifting models. Here we use numerical modeling to predict their spatiotemporal distribution. We show that synrift stratigraphy mimics rift architecture, which is controlled by lithospheric strength. Basinward rift migration during extension produces (1) oceanward younging, syntectonic and posttectonic sequences, (2) rift migration unconformities, RMUs, predating breakup, and (3) a breakup unconformity, BU, that only extends over the outermost margins, since breakup is not linked with a sudden stress drop. With small synrift sedimentation, the RMUs and BU laterally merge to form a margin‐wide unconformity. In symmetric, wide conjugate margins, which arise for weak lithospheres such as the South China Sea, a long phase of distributed deformation with little subsidence results in early synrift sediment over most of the margins. RMUs merge into a single event that marks the subsequent focusing of deformation into a narrow breakup area, which experiences short‐lived intense thinning and subsidence. In asymmetric conjugate margins, lateral rift migration transports shallowly deposited, early synrift sediments from the narrow to the wide, hyperextended margin, leading to a condensed syntectonic sequence and a single BU in the narrow margin and a series of RMUs in the wide one. For very weak lower crusts, lateral rift migration generates large synrift sag basins in the wide margin, as in Angola and Congo margins. Our models resemble the observed margins tectonic diversity and may be used as templates for interpreting their distal, unexplored areas.
Model Order Reduction for Lumped RC Transmission Lines

We start with a detailed review of the PACT approach for model order reduction of RC networks. We then develop a method that uses PACT as a preprocessing step to transform a generic lumped RC transmission line of some nominal order, based on a nominal (r,c) setting, into a parameterized circuit captured in a SPICE sub-circuit description. Then, given any other lumped RC line of the same order, we pass its (r,c) setting as parameters to this sub-circuit so as to automatically transform and reduce the line into a reduced order model without having to rerun PACT. In this way, we effectively characterize lumped RC transmission lines in a way that allows them to be reduced on-the-fly without any expensive processing.
Very Short-Term Load Forecaster Based on a Neural Network Technique for Smart Grid Control

Electrical load forecasting plays a crucial role in the proper scheduling and operation of power systems. To ensure the stability of the electrical network, it is necessary to balance energy generation and demand. Hence, different very short-term load forecast technologies are being designed to improve the efficiency of current control strategies. This paper proposes a new forecaster based on artificial intelligence, specifically on a recurrent neural network topology, trained with a Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was performed for determining the optimal input vector, structure and the optimal database length. In this case, the developed tool provides information about the energy demand for the next 15 min. The accuracy of the forecaster was validated by analysing the typical error metrics of sample days from the training and validation databases. The deviation between actual and predicted demand was lower than 0.5% in 97% of the days analysed during the validation phase. Moreover, while the root mean square error was 0.07 MW, the mean absolute error was 0.05 MW. The results suggest that the forecaster’s accuracy is considered sufficient for installation in smart grids or other power systems and for predicting future energy demand at the chosen sites.
Effect of Media Composition on Vegetative and Reproductive Growth of Alternaria Brassicicola and Bipolaris Sorokiniana

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of some culture media on the vegetative and reproductive growth of Alternaria brassicicola and Bipolaris sorokiniana. Twenty one (21) treatment combinations each with three replications were employed. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) was used as the basic growth medium in this study. Supplementation with different plant extracts with this medium produced differential growth and sporulation of the tested fungi. PDA media supplemented with mustard leaf extract showed significantly highest vegetative growth (7.8 cm) and PDA with the combination of mustard leaf, tomato fruit, carrot fruit and cabbage leaf extracts showed the highest sporulation (11×105 spores/ml) of A. brassicicola. In case of B. sorokiniana, the highest vegetative growth (7.4 cm) and highest sporulation (45×104 spores/ ml) were obtained by the supplementation of mustard and wheat leaf extracts respectively. Plant extract supplementation proved better than PDA as growth medium of A. brassicicola and B. sorokiniana. article history Received: 5 October 2017 Accepted: 28 November 2017
Identification of chemical compounds in Cissus quadrangularis L. Variant-I of different sample using GC-MS analysis

Different species of plants serve the health needs of large number of human being. The present study of phytochemical analysis of aerial parts of Cissus quadrangularis L. Variant-I of two different samples was extracted with aqueous alcohol (50% ethanol) and analysed using GC-MS. Nearly thirty bioactive chemical compounds were identified in both extracts. Predominantly acid derivatives, fatty acid, fatty acid ester, alcoholic compounds and hydrocarbons were present. This analysis revealed that the existence of n-hexadecanoic acid, ethan-1,1-diethoxy, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid-methyl ester(Z,Z,Z) as major constituents. These different active phytochemicals have been found to possess a wide range of biological applications.
WETMETH 1.0: A new wetland methane model for implementation in Earth system models

Abstract. Wetlands are the single largest natural source of methane (CH4), a powerful greenhouse gas affecting the global climate. In turn, wetland CH4 emissions are sensitive to changes in climate conditions such as temperature and precipitation shifts. However, biogeochemical processes regulating wetland CH4 emissions (namely microbial production and oxidation of CH4) are not routinely included in fully coupled Earth system models that simulate feedbacks between the physical climate, the carbon cycle, and other biogeochemical cycles. This paper introduces a process-based wetland CH4 model (WETMETH) developed for implementation in Earth system models and currently embedded in an Earth system model of intermediate complexity. Here we: (i) describe the wetland CH4 model; (ii) evaluate the model performance against available datasets and estimates from the literature; (iii) analyze the model sensitivity to perturbations of poorly constrained parameters. Historical simulations show that WETMETH is capable of reproducing mean annual emissions consistent with present-day estimates across spatial scales. For the 2008–2017 decade the model simulates global mean wetland emissions of 158.6 Tg CH4 yr1, of which 33.1 Tg CH4 yr1 are from wetlands north of 45° N. WETMETH is highly sensitive to parameters for the microbial oxidation of CH4, which is the least constrained process in the literature.
Ensuring Reliability and Low Cost When Using a Parallel VNF Processing Approach to Embed Delay-Constrained Slices

Slices were introduced in 5G to enable the co-existence of applications with different requirements on a single infrastructure. Slices may be delay-constrained for mission-critical applications such as Tactile Internet applications. When delay-constrained slices are implemented as collections of virtual network function (VNF) chains, a key challenge is to place the VNFs and route the traffic through the chains to meet a strict delay constraint. Parallel VNF processing has been proposed as a promising approach. However, this approach increases the number of physical nodes in the chains, and thus decreases the reliability, which is also critical for Tactile Internet applications. Furthermore, the cost depends upon the specific VNF placement and traffic routing, as nodes and links are heterogeneous. This article tackles the issues of reliability and cost when embedding delay-constrained slices. We model the problem as an optimization problem that minimizes reliability degradation and cost while ensuring the strict delay constraint when a parallel VNF processing approach is used. Due to the complexity of the formulated problem, we also propose a Tabu search-based algorithm to find sub-optimal solutions. The results indicate that our proposed algorithm can significantly improve cost and reliability while meeting a strict delay constraint.
THE INFLUENCE OF A LEARNING CULTURE ON IT INVESTMENTS

This study investigates whether organizations with a learning culture differ from other organizations in their IT investment process and technology choices. Data were collected from a national sample of 200 firms. The findings show that a continuous-learning culture significantly impacts the extent to which change management and technical flexibility issues are considered in an organization’s decision process, the type of decision makers involved in the process, and the technology choices that result.
Modeling Functional Organic Chemistry in Arctic Rivers: An Idealized Siberian System

Rivers of the Arctic will become ever more important for the global climate, since they carry a majority of continental dissolved organic carbon flux into the rapidly changing polar ocean. Aqueous organics comprise a wide array of functional groups, several of which are likely to impact coastal and open water biophysical properties. Light attenuation, interfacial films, aerosol formation, gas release and momentum exchange can all be cited. We performed Lagrangian kinetic modeling for the evolution of riverine organic chemistry as the molecules in question make their way from the highlands to Arctic outlets. Classes as diverse as the proteins, sugars, lipids, re-condensates, humics, bio-tracers and small volatiles are all included. Our reduced framework constitutes an idealized northward flow driving a major hydrological discharge rate and primarily representing the Russian Lena. Mountainous, high solute and tundra sources are all simulated, and they meet up at several points between soil and delta process reactors. Turnover rates are parameterized beginning with extrapolated coastal values imposed along a limited tributary network, with connections between different terrestrial sub-ecologies. Temporal variation of our total dissolved matter most closely resembles the observations when we focus on the restricted removal and low initial carbon loads, suggesting relatively slow transformation along the water course. Thus, channel combinations and mixing must play a dominant role. Nevertheless, microbial and photochemical losses help determine the final concentrations for most species. Chemical evolution is distinct for the various functionalities, with special contributions from pre- and post-reactivity in soil and delta waters. Several functions are combined linearly to represent the collective chromophoric dissolved matter, characterized here by its absorption. Tributaries carry the signature of lignin phenols to segregate tundra versus taiga sources, and special attention is paid to the early then marine behaviors of low molecular weight volatiles. Heteropolycondensates comprise the largest percentage of reactive carbon in our simulations due to recombination/accumulation, and they tend to be preeminent at the mouth. Outlet concentrations of individual structures such as amino acids and absorbers lie above threshold values for biophysical influence, on the monolayer and light attenuation. The extent of coastal spreading is examined through targeted regional box modeling, relying on salinity and color for calibration. In some cases, plumes reach the scale of peripheral arctic seas, and amplification is expected during upcoming decades. Conclusions are mapped from the Lena to other boreal discharges, and future research questions are outlined regarding the bonding type versus mass release as permafrost degrades. Dynamic aqueous organic coupling is recommended for polar system models, from headwaters to coastal diluent.
The Rocky Mountains as a dispersal barrier between barn owl (Tyto alba) populations in North America

Geological barriers within a species range play a key role in shaping patterns of genetic variation by restricting gene flow. Mountain ranges are particularly imposing barriers responsible for creating genetic differentiation across multiple taxa, from small amphibians to large mammals and birds. Here, we examined the population structure of North American barn owls (Tyto alba) and investigated whether the Rocky Mountains influence gene flow and dispersal at the continental scale.
Evidence that PV+ cells enhance temporal population codes but not stimulus-related timing in auditory cortex

Spatio-temporal cortical activity patterns relative to both peripheral input and local network activity carry information about stimulus identity and context. GABAergic interneurons are reported to regulate spiking at millisecond precision in response to sensory stimulation and during gamma oscillations; their role in regulating spike timing during induced network bursts is unclear. We investigated this issue in murine auditory thalamo-cortical (TC) brain slices, in which TC afferents induced network bursts similar to previous reports in vivo. Spike timing relative to TC afferent stimulation during bursts was poor in pyramidal cells and SOM+ interneurons. It was more precise in PV+ interneurons, consistent with their reported contribution to spiking precision in pyramidal cells. Optogenetic suppression of PV+ cells unexpectedly improved afferent-locked spike timing in pyramidal cells. In contrast, our evidence suggests that PV+ cells do regulate the spatio-temporal spike pattern of pyramidal cells during network bursts, whose organization is suited to ensemble coding of stimulus information. Simulations showed that suppressing PV+ cells reduces the capacity of pyramidal cell networks to produce discriminable spike patterns. By dissociating temporal precision with respect to a stimulus versus internal cortical activity, we identified a novel role for GABAergic cells in regulating information processing in cortical networks.
AGE, GROWTH AND OTOLITH BIOMETRY-BODY LENGTH RELATIONSHIPS OF RED BANDFISH (Cepola macrophthalma L., 1758) IN THE SEA OF MARMARA, TURKEY

Cepola macrophthalma (Linnaeus, 1758)’in yas, buyume ve otolit biyometri-total boy iliskileri arastirilmistir. Bireyler Mart 2012-Haziran 2014 tarihleri arasinda Marmara Denizi'nde algarna ile yakalanmistir. Bu calismada orneklenen 51,5 cm'lik C. macrophthalma bireyinin boyu, Marmara Denizi'nde bu tur icin maksimum olarak kaydedilmistir. Boy-agirlik iliskisi denklemine gore buyume tipi negatif allometrik olarak belirlenmistir (b=1,36). Otolith boyu-otolith agirligi, otolith genisligi- otolith agirligi, otolith boyu-total boy, otolith genisligi-total boy, otolit boyu-otolit genisligi, total boy-otolit agirligi iliskileri OW=0,0002*OL2,6377 (R2=0,91), OW=0,001*OWi2,6215 (R2=0,94), OL=0,057*TL+3,2087 (R2=0,57), OWi=0,0316*TL+1,8511 (R2=0,55), OWi=0,527*OL+0,2015 (R2=0,86) OW=0,0004*TL+0,0029 (R2=0,58) olarak hesaplanmistir. Yaslar 80 adet otolit okumasindan hesaplanmistir; gozlemlenen en kucuk ve en buyuk yaslar sirasiyla 1 ve 5’tir. von Bertalanffy denklemine gore hesaplanan buyume parametreleri degerleri L∞=61,95 cm, K=0,19 yil-1, t0 = -0,05 yil olarak belirlenmistir. Stogun buyuk cogunlugu (%77) genc bireylerden (1-2 yas grubu) olusmaktadir. Marmara Denizi’nde C. macrophthalma stogunun daha cok genc bireylerden olusmasi stoklarin av baskisi altinda oldugunu dusundurmektedir.
The behavioural need for lying and feeding in the high yielding dairy cow

Experiments were conducted to examine the impact of high milk yields on the behaviour and welfare of dairy cows. A preliminary study determined the social interactions existing within a group of 60 cows from which sub-samples of 20 high and 20 low yielding cows, that were not observed to interact with each other, were identified. These cows were used to examine the behavioural strategies employed by dairy cows coping with increased nutritional demands from milk production. Grazing time significantly increased with milk yield, consequently reducing lying time. A second study measured the appetite of high and low yielding cows for concentrates, using operant conditioning. The high yielding cows demonstrated no greater appetite for concentrates, but post-testing behavioural observations indicated greater appetite for forage, suggesting increased motivation to feed. Subsequent experiments investigated the behavioural effects of lying deprivation on dairy cattle welfare, further examining the feeding-lying conflict. Cows forced to stand had reduced milk yields and demonstrated behavioural signs of fatigue, frustration and stress, which were cumulative. When deprived of lying, a post-deprivation increase in this activity was achieved by reducing feeding time. When deprived of both lying and feeding, a feeding, not lying, post-deprivation increase was observed. However, lying was not reduced to extend feeding time. In conclusion, the motivation to feed was greater in high yielding dairy cows. This resulted in extended grazing and a reduced lying time. Lying can be regarded as an important and highly motivated behaviour and may compromise welfare if reduced. The legitimacy of using individual dairy cows as replicates in the statistical analysis of their behaviour was also investigated. There was no significant difference in the coefficients of variation between cows that were free to interact, and those that were not, for a range of behaviours. Therefore, those cows able to interact did not appear to influence each other's behaviour, supporting the use of individual dairy cows as replicates.
Which Side Looks Better? Cultural Differences in Preference for Left- or Right-Facing Objects

An oblique view of three-dimensional objects is preferred over a frontal or lateral view, partly because it is more familiar and easily recognizable. However, which side of a symmetric object looks better remains unsolved. Reading direction, handedness, and the functionality of objects have been suggested as the potential sources of directional bias. In this study, participants of three online surveys (total N = 1082) were asked to choose one item that looked better or was more aesthetically pleasing; the test was performed between 100 pairs of left- and right-facing mirror-images. The results showed that Japanese participants (both vertical and left-to-right readers) and Israeli participants (right-to-left readers) preferred left-facing images over right-facing images, whereas American participants (left-to-right readers) preferred right-facing images over left-facing images. Weak effects of handedness and object functionality were also found: Left-handers tended to choose right-facing images more than right-handers, and the view of objects with a handle that is graspable by the dominant hand was more likely to be chosen over the opposite side view, regardless of culture. Although previous studies have emphasized the role of reading direction, a close look at the results suggests that it cannot fully account for the preferred facing direction of oblique objects.
Studies on mixed-species Bos indicus-Bos taurus chimaeric cattle

The aim of these studies was to produce calves exhibiting Bos indicus-Bos taurus chimaerism and to use these calves for studies of the mechanisms of immune responsiveness and disease resistance. Secondary haemopoietic Bos indicus-Bos taurus chimaeras were produced by the establishment of twin pregnancies using embryo transfer techniques. Embryos, mostly day 7 blastocysts, were collected from Bos indicus (Brahman and Red Sindhi) and Bos taurus (Friesian and Angus) donor cows and transferred to the contralateral uterine horn of inseminated Bos taurus (Jersey and Friesian) and Bos indicus (Brahman) recipient cows. Embryos were transferred to 112 recipient cows, 64 (57.1%) of which were pregnant at 7 to 8 weeks gestation (68.8% with twin pregnancies). Forty-four cows calved giving 21 sets of Bos indicus-Bos taurus twins and 23 single calves. Haemopoietic chimaerism had been established in all 10 Friesian-Brahman twins and the only pair of AngusBrahman twins but chimaerism was detected in only 6 of the 12 pairs of Jersey-Brahman calves and foetuses. In the Friesian-Brahman twins, the majority of the peripheral blood lymphocytes were of Friesian genotype and were in excess of 90% in 8 of the 10 pairs when tested within one month of birth. The percentage of Friesian lymphocytes in the peripheral blood increased as the calves grew older. Friesian erythrocytes dominated in 8 of the 10 pairs and Brahman erythrocytes dominated in the other 2 pairs. Uniform domination by either Bos indicus or Bos taurus haemopoietic cells was not a feature of the chimaeric Jersey-Brahman twins. None of the singleton calves were chimaeric. Studies were undertaken on methods to produce primary Bos indicus+-+Bos taurus chimaeras. The embryo-aggregation method using "Protease" to digest the zona pellucida was found to be an unsatisfactory method for cattle. The
On the Relationships Between Radar Reflectivity and Rainfall Rate and Kinetic Energy Resulting From a Weibull Drop Size Distribution

The rainfall rate is a crucial variable in modeling runoff and water erosion. Rainfall rates present a very large spatial and temporal variability. Radars are used to estimate the spatial and temporal changes in rainfall rates during storms. The radar reflectivity is strongly affected by the drop size distribution (DSD) that results from the relative intensity of the microphysical processes involved in rainfall formation. One of the mathematical models applied to quantify the DSD is the Weibull function. Rainfall rate and kinetic energy, and radar reflectivity, are all related to different moments of the DSD. An analytical expression for these moments is proposed in the case of the Weibull distribution. The resulting relationships between radar reflectivity, rainfall rate, and kinetic energy are presented. The use of a scaled DSD that is independent of rainfall rate and characterizes a specific location allows an a priori estimate of relationships between radar reflectivity, rainfall rate, and kinetic energy that will be also characteristics of that location. Radar reflectivity can be used to estimate the kinetic energy of rainfall events. This extends the application of radar to agriculture and environmental purposes such as potential rainfall damages estimates in terms of soil loss, erosion, and sediment transport.