Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gliese 581g as a scaled-up version of Earth: atmospheric circulation simulations

We use 3D simulations to study the atmospheric circulation on the first Earth-sized exoplanet discovered in the habitable zone of an M star. We treat Gliese 581g as a scaled-up version of Earth by considering increased values for the exoplanetary radius and surface gravity, while retaining terrestrial values for parameters which are unconstrained by current observations. We examine the long-term, global temperature and wind maps near the surface of the exoplanet – the climate. The specific locations for habitability on Gliese 581g depend on whether the exoplanet is tidally locked and how fast radiative cooling occurs on a global scale. Independent of whether the existence of Gliese 581g is confirmed, our study highlights the use of general circulation models to quantify the atmospheric circulation on potentially habitable, Earth-sized exoplanets, which will be the prime targets of exoplanet discovery and characterization campaigns in the next decade.
Invariance, Nonlinear Models and Asymptotic Tests

Several Asymptotic Tests Proposed in the Literature Are Shown Not to Be Invariant to Changes in Measurement Units Or, More Generally to Various Transformations Which Leave Both the Model and the Null Hypothesis Invariant. the Test Involved Include the Wald Test, a Variant of the Lagrange Multiplier Test, Neyman's 'C' Test, Durbin's Procedure (1970), Hausman-Type Tests and a Number of Tests Suggested by White (1982). for All These Procedures, Simply Changing Measurement Units in a Way That Leaves Both the Form of the Model and the Null Hypothesis Invariant Can Lead to Vastly Different Answers. This Problem Is Illustrated by Considering Regression Models with Box-Cox Transformations on the Variables. We Observe, in Particular, That Various Consistent Estimators of the Information Matrix Lead to Test Procedures with Different Invariance Properties. We Then Establish General Sufficient Conditions Which Ensure That Neyman's Test Is Invariant to Transformations Which Leave Invariant the Form of the Model Further, We Give Conditions Under Which a Generalized 'C' Test Applicable to General Restrictions, Is Invariant to the Algebraic Formulation of the Restrictions. in Many Practical Cases Where Wald-Type Tests Lack Invariance, We Find That a Modification of the 'C' Test Is Invariant and Hardly More Costly to Compute Than Wald Tests. This Computational Simplicity Stands in Contrast with Other Invariant Tests Such As the Likelihood Ratio Test. We Conclude That Non-Invariant Asymptotic Tests Should Be Avoided Or Used with Great Care. Further in Many Situations, the Suggested Modification of the 'C' Test Yields an Attractive Substitute to the Wald Test and to Other Invariant Tests.
Probing the ambient medium of GRB 090618 with XMM-Newton observations

Long Gamma–ray Bursts (GRBs) signal the death of massive stars. The afterglow emission can be used to probe the progenitor ambient through a detailed study of the absorption pattern imprinted by the circumburst material as well as the host galaxy interstellar medium on the continuum spectrum. This has been done at optical wavelengths with impressive results. Similar studies can in principle be carried out in the X–ray band, allowing us to shed light on the material metallicity, composition and distance of the absorber. We start exploiting this route through high resolution spectroscopy XMM-Newton observations of GRB 090618. We find a high metallicity absorbing medium (Z > � 0.2Z⊙) with possible enhancements of S and Ne with respect to the other elements (improving the fit at a level of > 3.4σ). Including the metallicity effects on the X–ray column density determination, the X–ray and optical evaluations of the absorption are in agreement for a Small Magellanic Cloud extinction curve.
OBSERVATIONS OF FAR-ULTRAVIOLET DIFFUSE EMISSION FROM THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD

We report the first observations of far-ultraviolet (FUV: 1000–1150 Å) diffuse radiation from the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using observations from the Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. The strength of FUV diffuse surface brightness in the SMC ranges from the detection limit of 2000 photons cm−2 s−1 sr−1 Å−1 to a maximum of 3 × 105 photons cm−2 s−1 sr−1 Å−1 at 1004 Å. The contribution of diffuse emission to the total radiation field was found to be 34% at 1004 Å to 44% at 1117 Å with a maximum observed uncertainty of 30%. There is a striking difference between the FUV diffuse fraction from the SMC and the Large Magellanic Cloud with the SMC fraction being higher probably because of the higher dust albedo. The FUV diffuse emission correlates with Hα emission in the H ii regions of the SMC.
BNT162b2 coronavirus disease-2019 vaccination accelerated rheumatoid arthritis disease activity in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: A case report

Rationale: The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and eosinophilic inflammation is unclear. According to recent studies, it has been suggested that T helper 2 cell responses play a role in the inhibition of RA. It is unclear how the immunological response after coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination affects T cell immune reactions. Patient concerns and diagnoses: Here, we report the case of an 88-year-old woman diagnosed with RA and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP). She was diagnosed with CEP about 20 years ago, and, through steroid treatment, she improved and had no relapse for 16 years. At the time of diagnosis of CEP, the rheumatoid factor (RF) was increased; however, there were no joint symptoms. After receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, joint and respiratory symptoms gradually worsened. Laboratory examinations showed increased RF, anti-cyclin citrullinated peptide antibody, and peripheral absolute eosinophil count. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography showed synovitis. Intervention and outcome: Methylprednisolone pulse therapy improved respiratory and joint symptoms immediately; RA and CEP stabilized with no relapses. Lessons: Eosinophilic and rheumatoid reactions following COVID-19 vaccination were an-reported adverse events. Eosinophilic inflammation might be reflected on an anti-inflammatory reaction in initial phase of RA.
THE APOGEE SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF KEPLER PLANET HOSTS: FEASIBILITY, EFFICIENCY, AND FIRST RESULTS

The Kepler mission has yielded a large number of planet candidates from among the Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs), but spectroscopic follow-up of these relatively faint stars is a serious bottleneck in confirming and characterizing these systems. We present motivation and survey design for an ongoing project with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III multiplexed Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) near-infrared spectrograph to monitor hundreds of KOI host stars. We report some of our first results using representative targets from our sample, which include current planet candidates that we find to be false positives, as well as candidates listed as false positives that we do not find to be spectroscopic binaries. With this survey, KOI hosts are observed over ∼20 epochs at a radial velocity (RV) precision of 100–200 m s−1. These observations can easily identify a majority of false positives caused by physically associated stellar or substellar binaries, and in many cases, fully characterize their orbits. We demonstrate that APOGEE is capable of achieving RV precision at the 100–200 m s−1 level over long time baselines, and that APOGEE’s multiplexing capability makes it substantially more efficient at identifying false positives due to binaries than other single-object spectrographs working to confirm KOIs as planets. These APOGEE RVs enable ancillary science projects, such as studies of fundamental stellar astrophysics or intrinsically rare substellar companions. The coadded APOGEE spectra can be used to derive stellar properties (Teff, log g ? > ) and chemical abundances of over a dozen elements to probe correlations of planet properties with individual elemental abundances.
Teleportation transfers only speakable quantum information

We show that a quantum clock cannot be teleported without prior synchronization between sender and receiver: every protocol using a finite amount of entanglement and an arbitrary number of rounds of classical communication will necessarily introduce an error in the teleported state of the clock. Nevertheless, we show that entanglement can be used to achieve synchronization with precision higher than any classical correlation allows, and we give the optimized strategy for this task. The same results hold also for arbitrary continuous quantum reference frames, which encode general unspeakable information,-information that cannot be encoded into a number, but instead requires a specific physical support, like a clock or a gyroscope, to be conveyed.
Learning needs assessments in continuing professional development: A scoping review

Abstract Background A rigorous learning needs assessment (LNA) is a crucial initial step in the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) process. This scoping review aimed to collate, summarize, and categorize the reported LNA approaches adopted to inform healthcare professional CPD and highlight the gaps for further research. Method In August 2020, nine bibliographic databases were searched for studies conducted with any health professional grouping, reporting the utilized LNA to inform CPD activities. Two reviewers independently screened the articles for eligibility and charted the data. A descriptive analytical approach was employed to collate, summarize, and categorize the literature. Results 151 studies were included in the review; the majority adopted quantitative methods in the form of self-assessment surveys. Mixed-methods approaches were reported in only 35 studies. Descriptions of LNA development lacked detail of measures taken to enhance their rigor or robustness. Discussion These findings do not reflect recommendations offered by the CPD literature. Further investigations are required to evaluate more recently advocated LNA approaches and add to their limited evidence-base. Similarly, the existing support afforded to CPD developers warrants further study in order to identify the necessary resource, infrastructure and expertise essential to design and deliver effective CPD programs.
The neutrino spectral split in core-collapse supernovae: a magnetic resonance phenomenon

A variety of neutrino flavour conversion phenomena occur in core-collapse supernova, due to the large neutrino density close to the neutrinosphere, and the importance of the neutrino-neutrino interaction. Three different regimes have been identified so far, usually called the synchronization, the bipolar oscillations and the spectral split. Using the formalism of polarization vectors, within two-flavours, we focus on the spectral split phenomenon and we show for the first time that the physical mechanism underlying the neutrino spectral split is a magnetic resonance phenomenon. In particular, we show that the precession frequencies fulfill the magnetic resonance conditions. Our numerical calculations show that the neutrino energies and the location at which the resonance takes place in the supernova coincide well with the neutrino energies at which a spectral swap occurs. The corresponding adiabaticity parameters present spikes at the resonance location.
Identification of a functional circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in infantile hemangioma by bioinformatics analysis

Several circRNA have been reported to serve critical roles in various biological processes of human body. The present study aimed to build a circRNA-based competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and explore the regulatory mechanisms of circRNA in infantile hemangiomas (IH). Differentially expressed circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA were downloaded from the gene expression synthesis (GEO) microarray database (GSE98795, GSE69136, and GSE127487). Cancer-specific circRNA database (CSCD), miRDB and Targetscan were employed to predict the targets of RNA. A total of 855 DEcircRNAs, 69 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and 3233 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) appeared as genes that were aberrantly expressed in IH. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed based on 108 circRNAs, 7 miRNAs, 274 mRNAs in IH. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1 signaling pathway and Notch signaling pathway were significantly enriched in IH with being constructed a ceRNA regulatory network. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cytoscape showed the top 10 hub genes that regulate angiogenesis, namely FBXW7, CBLB, HECW2, FBXO32, FBXL7, KLHL5, EP300, MAPK1, MEF2C, and PLCG1. Our findings provide a deeper understanding the circRNA-related ceRNA regulatory mechanism in IH. This study further perfected the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network related to IH and explored the potential function of mRNA in this network. It provides more understanding for the circRNA-related ceRNA regulation mechanism in the pathogenesis of IH.
The Role of Sexual Scripts in the Relationship Between Pornography Use and Sexual Coercion

Decades of research have examined the association between pornography use and sexual coercion, with the most significant relationships found between more deviant genres of pornography use and sexual violence. However, researchers have yet to provide a comparable body of research examining the theoretical mechanism of this association. One theory that has shown promise in explaining the association between certain variables of pornography use and sexual coercion is the sexual script theory. In this theory, scripts can best be understood as a mechanism through which society defines and disseminates what is acceptable, desirable, and pleasurable sexual conduct. Studies examining the application of the sexual script theory to the association between pornography use and sexual coercion have found that pornography use has a significant indirect effect on sexual coercion and correlates of sexual coercion through sexual scripts. The current study sought to extend this line of inquiry by examining the relationship between pornography use, sexual scripts, and sexual coercion. A structural equation model examining direct and indirect effects of sexual scripts and pornography use on sexually coercive behaviors was run using a sample of 390 college-aged males. Results of the study indicated there were significant direct and indirect effects in the model. Specifically, pornography use, while not directly related to sexually coercive behaviors, had a significant indirect effect on sexual coercion through sexual scripts. These results further support the use of the sexual scripts theory to help explain the relationship between pornography use and sexual coercion.
A GENERAL RELATIVISTIC NULL HYPOTHESIS TEST WITH EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE BLACK HOLE SHADOW IN Sgr A*

The half opening angle of a Kerr black hole shadow is always equal to (5 ± 0.2)GM/Dc2, where M is the mass of the black hole and D is its distance from the Earth. Therefore, measuring the size of a shadow and verifying whether it is within this 4% range constitutes a null hypothesis test of general relativity. We show that the black hole in the center of the Milky Way, Sgr A*, is the optimal target for performing this test with upcoming observations using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We use the results of optical/IR monitoring of stellar orbits to show that the mass-to-distance ratio for Sgr A* is already known to an accuracy of ∼4%. We investigate our prior knowledge of the properties of the scattering screen between Sgr A* and the Earth, the effects of which will need to be corrected for in order for the black hole shadow to appear sharp against the background emission. Finally, we explore an edge detection scheme for interferometric data and a pattern matching algorithm based on the Hough/Radon transform and demonstrate that the shadow of the black hole at 1.3 mm can be localized, in principle, to within ∼9%. All these results suggest that our prior knowledge of the properties of the black hole, of scattering broadening, and of the accretion flow can only limit this general relativistic null hypothesis test with EHT observations of Sgr A* to ≲10%.
Modeling of weak-lensing statistics - I. Power spectrum and bispectrum

Aims. We investigate the performance of an analytic model of the 3D matter distribution, which combines perturbation theory with halo models, for weak-lensing statistics. Methods. We compare our predictions for the weak-lensing convergence power spectrum and bispectrum with numerical simulations and fitting formulas proposed in previous works. Results. We find that this model provides better agreement with simulations than published fitting formulas. This shows that building on systematic and physically motivated models is a promising approach. Moreover, this makes explicit the link between the weaklensing statistics and the underlying properties of the 3D matter distribution, as a function of scale � . Thus, we obtain the contributions to the lensing power spectrum and bispectrum that arise from perturbative terms (complete up to one-loop) and nonperturbative terms (e.g., “1-halo” term). Finally, we show that this approach recovers the dependence on cosmology (for realistic scenarios).
Injection-limited and space charge-limited currents in organic semiconductor devices with nanopatterned metal electrodes

Charge injection at metal-organic interfaces often limits the electric current in organic light-emitting diodes without additional injection layers. Integrated nanopatterned electrodes may provide a way to overcome this current injection limit by local field enhancements leading to locally space charge-limited currents. We compare electrical characteristics of planar and nanopatterned hole-only devices based on the charge transport material NPB with different thicknesses in order to investigate the nanopattern’s effect on the current limitation mechanism. Integration of a periodic nanograting into the metal electrode yields a current increase of about 1.5–4 times, depending on thickness and operating voltage. To verify the experimental results, we implement a finite element simulation model that solves the coupled Poisson and drift-diffusion equations in a weak form. It includes space charges, drift and diffusion currents, nonlinear mobility, and charge injection at the boundaries. We find in experiment and simulation that the planar devices exhibit injection-limited currents, whereas the currents in the nanopatterned devices are dominated by space charge effects, overcoming the planar injection limit. The simulations show space charge accumulations at the corners of the nanopattern, confirming the idea of locally space charge-limited currents.
Frmpd1 Facilitates Trafficking of G-Protein Transducin and Modulates Synaptic Function in Rod Photoreceptors of Mammalian Retina

Abstract Trafficking of transducin (Gαt) in rod photoreceptors is critical for adaptive and modulatory responses of the retina to varying light intensities. In addition to fine-tuning phototransduction gain in rod outer segments (OSs), light-induced translocation of Gαt to the rod synapse enhances rod to rod bipolar synaptic transmission. Here, we show that the rod-specific loss of Frmpd1 (FERM and PDZ domain containing 1), in the retina of both female and male mice, results in delayed return of Gαt from the synapse back to outer segments in the dark, compromising the capacity of rods to recover from light adaptation. Frmpd1 directly interacts with Gpsm2 (G-protein signaling modulator 2), and the two proteins are required for appropriate sensitization of rod-rod bipolar signaling under saturating light conditions. These studies provide insight into how the trafficking and function of Gαt is modulated to optimize the photoresponse and synaptic transmission of rod photoreceptors in a light-dependent manner.
Multimodal collaborative brain-computer interfaces aid human-machine team decision-making in a pandemic scenario

Objective. Critical decisions are made by effective teams that are characterized by individuals who trust each other and know how to best integrate their opinions. Here, we introduce a multimodal brain-computer interface (BCI) to help collaborative teams of humans and an artificial agent achieve more accurate decisions in assessing danger zones during a pandemic scenario. Approach. Using high-resolution simultaneous electroencephalography/functional MRI (EEG/fMRI), we first disentangled the neural markers of decision-making confidence and trust and then employed machine-learning to decode these neural signatures for BCI-augmented team decision-making. We assessed the benefits of BCI on the team’s decision-making process compared to the performance of teams of different sizes using the standard majority or weighing individual decisions. Main results. We showed that BCI-assisted teams are significantly more accurate in their decisions than traditional teams, as the BCI is capable of capturing distinct neural correlates of confidence on a trial-by-trial basis. Accuracy and subjective confidence in the context of collaborative BCI engaged parallel, spatially distributed, and temporally distinct neural circuits, with the former being focused on incorporating perceptual information processing and the latter involving action planning and executive operations during decision making. Among these, the superior parietal lobule emerged as a pivotal region that flexibly modulated its activity and engaged premotor, prefrontal, visual, and subcortical areas for shared spatial-temporal control of confidence and trust during decision-making. Significance. Multimodal, collaborative BCIs that assist human-artificial agent teams may be utilized in critical settings for augmented and optimized decision-making strategies.
High-resolution observations of SDSS J080800.99+483807.7 in the optical and radio domains - A possible example of jet-triggered star formation

Context. Double-lobe radio galaxies are ideally suited to investigate the interaction of the individual components of the radio structure with the intergalactic medium and the interstellar medium of the host galaxy. SDSS J080800.99+483807.7 has been serendipitously discovered in MERLIN 18 cm observations to be a double-lobed radio galaxy. Because it is an optically faint source, basic information like redshift, linear size, and structure has been incomplete until now. Furthermore, there are no spectra of this source available in any databases. Aims. The goal of this work is to derive the main physical properties of SDSS J080800.99+483807.7 and study the possible interaction between the radio jets and the interstellar medium of the host galaxy. Methods. To achieve this goal, we used optical spectroscopy and radio interferometry. The radio data were obtained with MERLIN at 18 cm and the optical data with the Multi-Object Double Spectrograph (MODS) at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). Results. The redshift of the galaxy is z = 0.2805 ± 0.0003, resulting in a linear size of the observed radio structure of ∼26.3 kpc. The optical line emission as well as the infrared and radio continuum emission suggest a high star-formation activity. In addition, we estimated the mass of the central black hole to be log (MBH/M� ) ≈ 6.9. Conclusions. The MODS spectrum and the optical images from Sloan Digital Sky Survey suggest that SDSS J080800.99+483807.7 is an elliptical host galaxy. In combination with the overall radio structure, we argue that the star formation could be the result of the back-flow along the jet and the interstellar medium of the host.