Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Manual of Style for Contract Drafting

A Manual of Style for Contract Drafting, Third Edition is a uniquely in-depth survey of the building blocks of contract language. First published in 2004, it offers those who draft, review, negotiate, or interpret contracts an alternative to the dysfunction of traditional contract language and the flawed conventional wisdom that perpetuates it. This manual has become a vital resource throughout the legal profession, in the U.S. and internationally. This manual's focus remains how to express contract terms in prose that is free of the archaisms, redundancies, ambiguities, and other problems that afflict traditional contract language. With exceptional analysis and an unmatched level of practical detail, Adams highlights common sources of confusion and recommends clearer and more concise alternatives. This manual is organized to facilitate easy reference, and it illustrates its analysis with numerous examples. Consult it to save time in drafting and negotiation and to reduce the risk of dispute.
Neural network modeling of energy requirements for size reduction of wheat.

Power and energy requirements for size reduction of wheat are affected by the physical and mechanical characteristics of wheat, and the operational parameters of the roller mill. Wheat milling tests were conducted using 204 samples of six classes and various varieties collected from around the United States. Backpropagation neural network models were designed, trained and validated for the prediction of power and energy requirements of wheat milling using a roller mill: fast roll power (Pf), slow roll power (Ps), net power (Pn), energy per unit mass (Em), and specific energy (Ea). Nine variables including physical properties of wheat samples and operational parameters of the roller mill were used as inputs of the networks. Each of the networks had only one layer of hidden neurons. Sensibility studies also were carried out to investigate effects of input variables on the output variables. The developed network models performed well during validation. Compared to the experimental data, the values of the root mean square error (RMS) and relative error (RE) of the predicted values were small, ranging from 0.34 to 0.73 for the RE values. The r2 values were higher than 0.98 for all five networks. The prediction accuracies of the neural network models were significantly improved compared to statistical models.
Nitrogen and phosphorus addition differentially enhance seed production of dominant species in a temperate steppe

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated changes in plant growth and reproduction in response to nutrient availability, but responses of plant growth and reproduction to multiple levels of nutrient enrichment remain unclear. In this study, a factorial field experiment was performed with manipulation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability to examine seed production of the dominant species, Stipa krylovii, in response to N and P addition in a temperate steppe. There were three levels of N and P addition in this experiment, including no N addition (0 g N m−2 year−1), low N addition (10 g N m−2 year−1), and high N addition (40 g N m−2 year−1) for N addition treatment, and no P addition (0 g P m−2 year−1), low P addition (5 g P m−2 year−1), and high P addition (10 g P m−2 year−1) for P addition treatment. Low N addition enhanced seed production by 814%, 1371%, and 1321% under ambient, low, and high P addition levels, respectively. High N addition increased seed production by 2136%, 3560%, and 3550% under ambient, low, and high P addition levels, respectively. However, P addition did not affect seed production in the absence of N addition, but enhanced it under N addition. N addition enhanced seed production mainly by increasing the tiller number and inflorescence abundance per plant, whereas P addition stimulated it by decreasing the plant density yet stimulating height of plants and their seed number per inflorescence. Our results indicate seed production is not limited by P availability but rather by N availability in the temperate steppe, whereas seed production will be increased by P addition when N availability is improved. These findings enable a better understanding of plant reproduction dynamics in the temperate steppe under intensified nutrient enrichment and can inform their improved management in the future.
Efeito do lodo de esgoto na produção e nutrição de mudas de angico-vermelho (Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan)

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes substratos, contendo lodo de esgoto, no teor de macro e micronutrientes em tecidos vegetais (raiz e parte aérea) de mudas de Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan. Os tratamentos foram: T1 (50% substrato comercial Plantmax® + 50% cama de equino (composto orgânico), T2 (20% lodo de esgoto + 80% composto orgânico), T3 (40% lodo de esgoto + 60% composto orgânico) e T4 (60% lodo de esgoto + 40% composto orgânico). Decorridos 180 dias após a semeadura foram mensuradas as características biométricas de altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do colo, massa seca da parte aérea e radicular, e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. Também foram determinados os teores de macro e micronutrientes no sistema radicular e na parte aérea das mudas cultivadas. Observou-se que a ordem crescente do teor total dos macronutrientes avaliados no sistema radicular foi de N > K > Mg > Ca > P > S e na parte aérea Ca > N > K > P > Mg > S; para os micronutrientes, o teor no sistema radicular e na parte aérea foi de Fe > Zn > Mn > B > Cu. O uso do lodo de esgoto como substrato proporcionou mudas de melhor qualidade nutricional, com melhor crescimento e aumento de biomassa aérea e radicular.
Dynamic behaviors of a broad-area diode laser with lateral-mode-selected external feedback

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of a BAL with lateral-mode selected external feedback experimentally by measuring the far-field profile, intensity noise spectrum and time series of the output beam. The mode-selection is achieved by adjusting a stripe mirror at the pseudo far-field plane. Different dynamic behaviors are observed when different lateral modes are selected. When the mirror is aligned correctly and high-order modes are selected, in most of the cases periodic dynamics of the output power corresponding to a single roundtrip external-cavity loop is observed, but the dynamic behavior disappears in some case; when the zero-order mode is selected, periodic dynamics corresponding to a double roundtrip external-cavity loop is observed. When the stripe mirror is not aligned perfectly, a dynamic behavior like pulse-package oscillations is observed: a periodic oscillated output with a frequency of the single roundtrip external-cavity loop modulated by periodic low-frequency fluctuation. This is the first observation of pulse-package oscillation in a diode laser with long-cavity feedback, to our knowledge.
Operationalising form postponement from a decision-making perspective

Form postponement means delaying the commitment of inventory to the final configuration of a product as long as possible. Many firms today are striving to redesign their products and/or their manufacturing and supply chain processes to implement form postponement. Opportunities for form postponement, however, are sometimes lost in the companies’ production-planning processes. By focusing on the deferring of product mix decisions in the master production scheduling process, this paper shows that form postponement opportunities can be divided into two components: one whose pursuit necessarily requires product and/or transformation process redesign, the other that can be pursued by changing the sales forecasting and master production scheduling process alone. We develop an operational procedure to identify and quantify, for a given product family, all opportunities for form postponement and their two respective components. Then, we discuss and empirically illustrate how the proposed measurement procedure may support companies in changing their decision-making routines to implement form postponement. Finally, we set future research directions on form postponement suggested by our results.
Developing a Conceptual Model of Service Quality for eSports

ABSTRACT In this article, a conceptual model for service quality of eSports events was proposed including four dimensions: competition quality refers to the perceived quality of the actual game itself; physical environment quality dimension stands for the physical surroundings where the service is produced and delivered; event execution quality measures the intangible items in the peripheral service, which can be directly designed or managed by the event organizer; and interaction quality measures the interaction among spectators, such as crowd experience or social factor. The validity of each dimension in other service industries and its suitability in the eSports context are both taken into consideration. At the current stage, the model is conceptualized from existing literature, thus demanding further qualitative and quantitative study.
Simultaneous Transport of Heat and Adsorbate in Closed Type Adsorption Cooling System Utilizing Solar Heat

Quantitative analyses are tried for the simultaneous transport of heat and adsorbate in the operation of a closed-type solar-powered adsorption cooling system. Experimental results obtained with a small-scale unit are successfully interpreted by the model proposed here, which takes into account adsorption properties of a combination of adsorbate and adsorbent employed in the system, structures of the equipment, and its operating conditions. Also, the coefficient of performances of the system of various conditions are estimated by numerical simulations on the basis of the model. Structures of the container of adsorbents are optimized to provide larger COP.
Influence of rate-independent hysteresis on the dynamic response of a railway bridge

It is well known that the dynamic properties of civil engineering structures have a more or less pronounced amplitude dependency. However, it is rather difficult to quantify this both experimentally and theoretically. This paper describes an attempt to identify the sources of the amplitude dependent variation of the natural frequency and the modal damping ratio of the first vertical bending mode of a simply supported, ballasted steel-concrete composite railway bridge. It is proposed that the most likely sources to the non-linear properties of this mode of vibration are the ballasted track, the foundations and the roller bearings used mainly to relive constraint forces due to changes in temperature. The non-linear influence of the suggested sources were modelled in a 2D finite element model using the classical univariate Bouc–Wen model which was implemented as a user-defined element in ABAQUS. The results suggest that the roller bearings alone can give account for the variation in the dynamic properties observed in experimental data from the bridge and that the combination with a simple model of the track superstructure gives the most realistic result. A tremendous increase in the dissipation of energy was found as the amplitude of vibration was increased beyond that available in the experimental data, thus motivating further research within this field.
Attitudes to North Queensland road use: do hospitalised drivers/riders appear different by comparison to those not involved in crashes?

In rural and remote Australia, per capita risk of death or injury from a vehicle crash is substantially higher than that for urban areas. Historically this has always been so, and a paucity of prior research in this area inspired the Rural and Remote Road Safety Study, goals of which include assessing and developing interventions to reduce the incidence and associated costs of crashes outside cities. With three years of rural and remote crash data collection completed, findings indicate driver behaviour contributes to most crashes, and is the sole cause in a large proportion of these. Over 380 patients admitted to a major North Queensland hospital for at least 24 hours following a vehicle crash consented to an interview in which a structured questionnaire was administered. This paper reports on responses to questions regarding seatbelt and helmet use, speeding, alcohol consumption and self-reported drink driving. We also analyse desired changes in enforcement of road laws, and perceived effectiveness of specific interventions. Seeking to further identify potential links between behaviour, attitude and crash involvement, the study compares responses of hospitalised patients with those of other road users in specific crash vicinities. Results suggest that rural road users hospitalised after a crash are more likely to binge-drink, drink drive and disregard road rules, and are less likely to wear seatbelts than those not involved in crashes. Development of more effective interventions targeting attitude and behaviour is essential if crashes and their impacts are to be significantly reduced in rural and remote Australia.
Practice of information systems

Purpose – To provide the outcome of information system (IS) related practice survey designed to identify current trends in Indian small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach – This research is exploratory in nature, a survey methodology is used for study and the focus of study is cross‐sectional. Two companies have been selected for detailed case studies. The objective of the study was to become more familiar through survey and information collected to one point in time. The methodology was based on a questionnaire survey and personal interviews.Findings – The outcomes, based on a survey of 210 SMEs, reveal that though SMEs understand and acknowledge the importance of the IS in day‐to‐day operations management in the present dynamic and heterogeneous business environment but these are yet to implement, operate and exploit it fully in a formal and professional manner so as to enable them to derive maximum business gains out of it. SMEs are not found equipped adequately with the IS resou.
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU BERSALIN TENTANG ROBEKAN JALAN LAHIR

Pendahuluan: Penanganan kejadian Rupture perineum dapat dengan mudah dilakukan oleh petugaskesehatan jika ibu telah memiliki pengetahuan tentang Rupture perineum, karena dengan baiknyapengetahuan maka dapat mengurangi tingkat kepanikan ibu melahirkan, yang memudahkan ibu untukmendapatkan pelayanan. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Kebakkramat1 Kabupaten Karanganyar pada tanggal 2 Januari 2016, selama tahun 2015 setidaknya terdapat 113kejadian rupture perineum dari jumlah persalinan sebanyak 174 persalinan di PuskesmasKebakkramat 1 Kabupaten Karanganyar.Tujuan: Mengetahui Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Bersalin Tentang Robekan Jalan Lahir.Metode Penelitian: Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif denganpendekatan Longitudinaldengan tehnik Analisa Univariat.Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitianini adalah semua ibu yang pernah bersalin di Puskesmas Kebakkramat 1 Karanganyar. Teknikpengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah quota sampling. Jumlah sampel 30 responden. Instrumenyang digunakan dalam penelitian Tingkat Pengetahuan ini adalah kuesionerHasil: Tingkat pengetahuan ibu dalam kategori kurang yaitu ada 6 orang (20.0%), kemudianresponden dengan kategori cukup ada 16 orang(53.3%) dan responden dengan tingkat pengetahuanbaik, yaitu ada 8 orang (26.7%). Kesimpulan:Tingkat pengetahuan ibu bersalin tentang robekan jalan lahir di PuskesmasKebakkramat 1 Kabupaten Karanganyar dalam kategori cukup.Kata Kunci: Tingkat Pengetahuan, Ibu Bersalin, Robekan Jalan Lahir
Development of high-order segmented MEMS deformable mirrors

The areas of biological microscopy, ophthalmic research, and atmospheric turbulence correction require high-order DMs to obtain diffraction-limited images. Iris AO has been developing high-order MEMS DMs to address these requirements. Recent development has resulted in fully functional 489-actuator DMs capable of 9.5 µm stroke. For laser applications, the DMs were modified to make them compatible with high-reflectance dielectric coatings. Experimental results for the 489-actuator DMs with dielectric coatings shows they can be made with superb optical quality λ/93.3 rms (11.4 nm rms) and λ/75.9 rms (20.3 nm rms) for 1064 nm and 1540 nm coatings. Laser testing has demonstrated 300 W/cm2 power handling with off-the-shelf packaging. Power handling of 2800 W/cm2 is projected when incorporating packaging optimized for heat transfer.
Extended shelf life milk—advances in technology

This paper describes trends and technological advances in the dairy industry for extended shelf life milk. Demands for longer shelf life and wider distribution of milk and milk products have resulted in the development of processes and packaging concepts to increase the shelf life of these products in cold chain distribution. Factors important for the shelf life of milk are described in detail, and changes necessary from normal pasteurized production are suggested. Various processing methods such as microfiltration, injection and infusion heat treatments are described, and advantages and disadvantages of the different methods explained. In addition, the contamination sources from process to package are discussed, and the prevention of such recontamination in the filling machine is proposed. The paper describes existing and novel methods for sterilization of packaging material in the filling machine and points to possible future developments in this important market segment in the dairy industry.
Compact microstrip triplexer based on twist-modified asymmetric split-ring resonators

On the basis of strong mixed couplings of two adjacent modified asymmetric split-ring resonators (SRRs), a compact microstrip filter unit is designed and its triplexer application is experimentally demonstrated by properly arranging the layout of three different sized filter units. The cross size of the proposed triplexer is only 20 × 16 mm. Both experimental and numerical results are obtained, which agree quite well with each other. The results show that such triplexer exhibits three quite close channels (2.15/2.95/3.80 GHz) and the isolations for all the three output ports are <20 dB. The proposed triplexer can be flexibly integrated in the miniaturised multi-frequency/model radio frequency/microwave circuits.
Investigation of external restraining force effects on welding residual stresses using three-dimensional thermal elastic—plastic multi-body coupling finite element model

Abstract A three-dimensional multi-body coupling thermal elastic—plastic finite element (FE) model — in which clamp, clamping strip, worktable, and welding plate are included — is developed to simulate the external restraining force effects on welding residual stresses. Welding experiments are also carried out to measure the restraining forces and transient distortions to validate the model. Simulated results from the multi-body model and the displacement constraints model are compared, the effect of restraints release on welding residual stresses is also analysed. The analysis results show that the simulated transverse residual stresses with the displacement constraints model are larger than those of the multi-body coupling model; the transverse welding residual stress at the welding centre-line clearly varies with increasing restraining force: it decreases on the top surface and increases on the bottom surface after restraints release as the restraining force is small, and will not be released after restraints release provided that a large restraining force is located close to the weld line.
ADORNMENT

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A Conceptual Paper on the Role of Cohesion as a Moderator on the Relationship Between Citizenship Behavior and Withdrawal Behaviour

This paper aims to propose a theoretical framework to study cohesiveness as a moderator for the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and withdrawal behaviours. Group and organizational performance can be influenced by employees’ behaviours, both in-role and extra-role (OCB). Although most studies have examined the factors that contribute to OCB, there are also studies that have proven that OCB also has a positive impact on the performance of individuals, groups and organizations. One of the gaps in the current OCB literature is to study the role of possible moderator variables that can influence the relationship between OCB and criterion variables. This paper is conceptual in nature by trying to develop a framework that connects between OCB and withdrawal behaviour where the moderator is cohesiveness. The central explanation of why the individuals’ level of OCB may influence their withdrawal behaviours can be drawn from the general cognitive consistency theory which suggests that individuals try to align their behaviours, beliefs and attitudes. Employees with high level of OCBs are likely to report lower levels of withdrawal behaviors consistent with the cognitive consistency theory. Additionally, social exchange interactions are likely to be lower where cohesiveness is weaker. An employee may not sense a commitment to reciprocate any forms of OCB exhibited by others in the group. This reasoning reinforces the likelihood that the amount of cohesiveness in work groups will be related to the general amount of OCB shown by group members.
Biomedical Science Knowledge Contributes to the Development of Adaptive Expertise and Formation of a Professional Identity: An Applied Thematic Analysis of Medical Students' Essays

Background Intensive study of the biomedical sciences remains a core component of undergraduate medical education with medical students often completing up to two years of biomedical science training prior to entering clerkships. While it is generally accepted that biomedical science knowledge is essential for clinical practice because it forms the basis of clinical reasoning and decision-making, whether medical students perceive an expanded role for their biomedical science knowledge remains to be examined. Methods We conducted an applied thematic analysis to explore how medical students in the first clerkship year perceived the relevance of biomedical science knowledge to clinical medicine during this pivotal time as they begin their transition from students to physicians. To identify previously unidentified perspectives and insights, we asked students to write brief essays in response to the prompt: How is biomedical science knowledge relevant to clinical medicine? Results Applied thematic analysis of students’ essays revealed ten codes from which four themes emerged. The analysis revealed novel perspectives previously unidentified by survey studies and focus groups. Specifically, students perceived their biomedical science knowledge as contributory to the development of adaptive expertise and professional identity formation, both viewed as essential developmental milestones for medical students. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that biomedical science knowledge contributes to medical students’ acquisition of adaptive expertise and their development of a professional identity. These findings have important implications in the setting of accelerated medical school programs in which training in the biomedical sciences are compressed or truncated. Thus, the contextual factors of the learning environment, including both explicit and tacit elements of the formal, informal, and hidden curriculum, that enable biomedical science knowledge to contribute to these developmental processes need to be identified and studied so that they are leveraged rather than lost during curricular reform.