Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid Oscillations in Cataclysmic Variables. XIII. WZ Sagittae Revisited

We report new observations of the dwarf nova WZ Sagittae, showing the return of the 27.87 s oscillation in 1995/1996 high‐speed optical light curves. As was true in 1978, the main peak of the power spectrum generally occurred at 27.87 or 28.96 s, with the signals sometimes simultaneously present. Weak transient signals were also seen at 28.20 and 29.69 s. An ASCA X‐ray observation showed a significant peak at 27.86 ± 0.01 s in the 2–6 keV band, which appeared to establish the star's membership as a “DQ Herculis star,” in which accretion onto the white dwarf is channeled by a strong magnetic field. The X‐ray period is most likely the true white dwarf spin period. However, we certainly do not understand the distribution of power among these various signals of slightly different period. This puzzling multiperiodic structure remains an impediment to full acceptance of WZ Sge as a DQ Her star. The star's soft X‐ray orbital light curve shows a strong but transient energy‐dependent dip around orbital phase 0.7, which is probably due to absorption by an extended gas cloud in which the mass‐transfer stream strikes the disk.
Higgs mode excitation in superconductors by intense terahertz pulse

Recent development of intense terahertz (THz) pulse generation technique has offered novel opportunities to reveal ultrafast phenomena in a variety of materials on tabletop experiments and provided a new pathway toward ultrafast control of quantum phases. Here we present our recent study of nonequilibrium dynamics in metallic superconductors NbN excited by intense THz pulse. Since the superconducting gap energy is located in the THz frequency range, the intense THz pulse excitation makes it possible to instantaneously excite high-density quasiparticles at the gap edge without injecting excess energies. It has also become possible to coherently drive the superconducting ground state without exciting incoherent quasiparticles by tuning the pump frequency below the gap energy. The ultrafast dynamics of the order parameter induced by such an intense low energy excitation is directly probed, and the nature of a collective excitation, namely the Higgs amplitude mode, is revealed. Efficient THz higher-harmonic generation from a superconductor is discovered, manifesting the nonlinear coupling between the THz wave and the Higgs mode. We also report the experimental results in a multi-gap superconductor MgB2.
Estimation of soil and crop residue parameters using AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data

ABSTRACT Detailed ground cover information and efficient modelling approaches are needed for estimating soil properties from hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS) data. With the objective to estimate both soil and crop residue (CR) parameters using HRS data from the airborne visible-infrared imaging spectrometer-next generation (AVIRIS-NG) sensor, soil and CR samples were collected from 101 locations in the Western Catchment of Chilika lagoon, India. Nonlinear unmixing and two chemometric models were examined for estimating basic soil properties, nutrient contents, soil and CR wetness, and masses of fresh crop residue (FCR) and dry crop residue (DCR). Both soil and CR parameters showed wide variation with FCR and DCR masses varying from 0 to 13.33 Mg ha−1 and 0 to 10.16 Mg ha−1, respectively. Soils were relatively dry with an average gravimetric water content (θg) of 14% whereas CR moisture content (θc) ranged from 2.4 to 93%. Estimated coefficient of determination (R2) values in the validation datasets varied from 0.51 for soil base saturation to 0.91 for exchangeable Mg+2 using soil spectra obtained through linear polynomial unmixing of AVIRIS-NG spectra. The R2 values were more than 0.70 for clay content, soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and several exchangeable cations although the CR parameters showed lower R2 values than soil parameters. With the chemometric models calibrated, high spatial resolution maps for soil and CR parameters were generated, which offer a continuous mapping capability for such parameters. Extensive soil property data also allowed us to evaluate SOC sequestration capability of different land use systems. A critical value of 1/25 for the SOC/Clay content ratio was observed for most of our agricultural land uses and degraded landscapes showed lower SOC/Clay ratios. Thus, high spatial resolution soil and crop residue parameters may be accurately assessed for large areas with multiple land use and soil cover conditions.
BOOTSTRAP FOR PANEL REGRESSION MODELS WITH RANDOM EFFECTS

This paper considers bootstrap methods for panel linear regression models. It is shown that the resampling in cross-sectional dimension only is not valid in presence of temporal heterogeneity. The block resampling in temporal dimension only, is not valid in presence of cross-sectional heterogeneity. The double resampling that combines iid resampling in cross-sectional dimension and block resampling in temporal dimension is valid for the panel data models with cross-sectioal and/or temporal heterogeneity and spatial dependence. This approach also permits to avoid multiple asymptotic theories that may arise in large panel models. Simulations con…rm these theoretical results.
FACILITATING THE CONSTRUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE COLLECTIVELY THROUGH DIALOGIC DISCOURSE: TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES AND PRACTICES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

Dialogic discourse is said to aid the social and cognitive aspects of language learning and acquisition and students’ success in second language learning is therefore largely dependent on the interactional opportunities available. Recognising the potential impact of dialogic discourse in enhancing second language acquisition amongst Malaysian students, the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE) provided a large-scale training on dialogic discourse to a group of lower secondary English language teachers. This study explores the perceptions of English as a second language (ESL) teachers on the role of dialogic discourse in affording students’ opportunities for the construction of knowledge and investigates their practices in affording students with the opportunities to construct knowledge collectively through the discourse structure. To understand the role of dialogic discourse in affording students to construct knowledge collectively, five ESL teachers’ dialogic discourse strategies were examined. A qualitative approach was employed, which comprised semi-structured interviews and classroom observations for the data collection. Two of the teachers’ lessons were also examined to illustrate how dialogic discourse created opportunities for the construction of knowledge collectively which supported ESL learning through close discourse analysis of the lesson transcripts. The findings have shown that ESL teachers’ use of dialogic discourse strategies facilitates the construction of knowledge collectively among the students.This study expands our current understanding of how ESL learning occurs through classroom discourse.
Analysis of wave induced loads on a FPSO due to abnormal waves

Thus various hydrodynamic methods were developed and calibrated with experiments and various statistical descriptions of climatic wave variability were developed. Methods for long term estimation of the design loads were developed in which the information about the probability of occurrence of the sea states was combined with the ship response to each of these excitations. The paper presents an analysis of structural design wave loads on a FPSO. The vertical bending moment at midship induced by rogue waves are compared with rule values. The loads induced by deterministic rogue waves were both measured in a seakeeping tank and calculated by an advanced time domain method. Analysis of accidents indicated that in several cases the existence of a specific wave with very extreme proportions was critical and often responsible for major damage or even loss of the structure. Suggestions have also been made that the approach to assess design loads should be revised and that design situations should be based on the survival to the so-called freak, rogue or abnormal waves (Faulkner, and Buckley, 1997). Two procedures are used to calculate the expected extreme vertical bending moment during the operational lifetime of the ship. The first one relies on a standard linear long term prediction method, which results from the summation of short term distribution of maxima weighted by their probability of occurrence. The short term stationary seastates are represented by energy spectra and the ship responses by linear transfer functions. This has led to queries about the nature of these waves and about their predictability, both in terms of probability and of the geometric characteristics of their profile (Guedes Soares et al., 2003). The second procedure to calculate the design wave loads is a generalisation of the former, however it accounts for the nonlinearity of the vertical bending moment. It uses nonlinear transfer functions of the bending moment sagging peaks which depend of the wave height. Techniques have also been improved to represent the large waves in model testing tanks and to include them in sequences of random waves (Clauss et al., 2004a). So, being possible to reproduce these situations in tank and being able to calculate them with numerical methods, it is natural to conduct models tests to validate the calculations against test data.
Evaluation of Awareness, approach and practices on condom usage among young people attending KIU-Teaching Hospital, Ishaka Municipality, Bushenyi District, Western Uganda

Condom use is of greater benefit to the youths. It is a tool that serves a great deal in prevention of HIV/AIDS and HIV related infections, so are other STD/STIs and unwanted pregnancies. Despite such benefits, youths do not use condoms. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices of youths attending KIU-TH towards condom use in Ishaka municipality, Bushenyi district. The study design was cross sectional and descriptive, but data analysis was mainly quantitative. Sixty seven respondents were involved both male and female who were selected using a simple random sampling procedure. Knowledge of respondents was good as majority of the respondents 55 (82%) had ever heard of safer sex practices and 50 (91%) could describe safer sex practices rightly. Attitudes were poor as majority 46 (69%) had a negative attitude towards condom use. Reasons mainly given were: condoms are painful, reduce lubrication, cause sores, make sex unpleasurable. Practice was also poor as majority of respondents 42(63%) always had unsafe sex. It is recommended that the MOH should ensure that youths are equipped with adequate knowledge about condom use and in so doing; to help change the attitude of youths from being negative to positive in regards to condom use. This can be done through scheduling more educative programs to teach youths about the merits of safe sex. Health education talks can be done at community level, parish level or even conducted in schools (secondary schools, tertiary institutions or even universities). Parents should also come in here, to teach their children, especially those that have reached adolescent stage to always use condoms each time they want to have sex. Parents must explain to these adolescents the risks that they may face when they opt for unsafe sex. Keywords: unsafe sex, condoms, youths, HIV.
Study on Characteristics of Low-Temperature Subatmospheric Air Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge Under Square Wave Voltage

Based on the simulation system, this article constructs a low-temperature and subatmospheric pressure air surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) model with 37 plasma chemical reactions composed of 18 particles. Through the model, the discharge characteristics of a positive square wave voltage with amplitude of 1200 V, frequency of 3.3 and 4 MHz, duty cycle of 30% and 50%, and rise (fall) time of 35 and 70 ns are studied. Under the same reduced electric field, when the frequency and duty cycle increase, the electron density increases, but the electron temperature and space charge density are almost constant; when the rise (fall) time increases, the electron density decreases, the electron temperature also decreases from 16 to 14 eV, and the peak space charge density shows a slight downward trend. With the increase of altitude, the electron density decreases, the electron temperature increases, and the space charge density is almost unchanged. $\text{O}_{2}^{+}$ plays a leading role in the discharge process, affecting the changes of other particles, and the spatial distribution of cluster ion $\text{O}_{4}^{+}$ is diffusive. Second, the increase of relative dielectric constant leads to the decrease of the electric field at the streamer head, which leads to the decrease of propagation velocity. Finally, due to the symmetry and repeatability, the SDBD under square wave voltage presents the characteristics that the absolute values of positive and negative discharge current density peaks are the same and the peak values gradually increase.
70. Overview of Water Balance Determinations for High Latitude Watersheds

For a variety of reasons such as low population, extreme environments and logistical costs, efforts to enhance our understanding of the hydrological cycle of this region of the world have been thwarted. Both the daily encounters between the Earth's human population and available water resources here and the effects on the hydrological cycle of climate changes induced by our life style warrant our attention. We can, however, gain some insight into high latitude hydrological processes by compiling all the scattered water balance data sets that exist for this region. Results from 39 research watersheds collected in 20 papers in this volume with three other papers that highlight some of the significant problem areas in producing quality water balance results, are reviewed in this paper. Collectively, water balance data for over 500 years are offered here; temporally, these data are dispersed over the period from 1958 to the present. Spatially thse data encompass the high latitudes from 44°N to 80°N, with a significant void in central Russia. It is generally known that with increasing latitude there is a decrease in precipitation (∼16 mm year−1 degree−1 latitude for continental areas), although this trend is somewhat clouded by coastal stations. While the precipitation is decreasing, the ratio of runoff to precipitation increases in a northward direction. This is mostly due to the snowmelt event, with substantial runoff being the dominant hydrological event each year, and when significant precipitation events occur in the summer there is generally limited surface or subsurface storage. Evapotranspiration parallels precipitation with a decreasing trend with higher latitudes (∼12 mm year−1 degree−1 latitude). Obviously this reduction is primarily due to lack of energy for phase change; in a few cases it is due to the lack of moisture for evapotranspiration. Where changes in storage are important, the difficulty of quantifying this variable is a challenge in water balance computations at time scales of less than a year.
Structural Characterization of the Milled-Wood Lignin Isolated from Sweet Orange Tree (Citrus sinensis) Pruning Residue

The pruning of sweet orange trees (Citrus sinensis) generates large amounts of lignocellulosic residue. Orange tree pruning (OTP) residue presents a significant lignin content (21.2%). However, there are no previous studies describing the structure of the native lignin in OTPs. In the present work, the “milled-wood lignin” (MWL) was extracted from OTPs and examined in detail via gel permeation chromatography (GPC), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR). The results indicated that the OTP-MWL was mainly composed of guaiacyl (G) units, followed by syringyl (S) units and minor amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units (H:G:S composition of 1:62:37). The predominance of G-units had a strong influence on the abundance of the different linkages; therefore, although the most abundant linkages were β–O–4′ alkyl–aryl ethers (70% of total lignin linkages), the lignin also contained significant amounts of phenylcoumarans (15%) and resinols (9%), as well as other condensed linkages such as dibenzodioxocins (3%) and spirodienones (3%). The significant content of condensed linkages will make this lignocellulosic residue more recalcitrant to delignification than other hardwoods with lower content of these linkages.
A Comparison of Three Common Rehabilitation Interventions Used to Improve Cardiovascular Fitness after Stroke: An Overview of the Literature

Background One of the most frequent consequences of stroke is a reduction in heart function. After a stroke, one of the main aims of physiotherapy practice is to improve cardiovascular fitness (CVF). This paper is aimed at identifying the best effective intervention of improving the cardiovascular fitness (CVF) after stroke while focusing on body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT), over gait training (OGT), and therapeutic exercise. Methods Different electronic databases were searched until July 2022. Controlled randomized trials examining the effects of BWSTT, OGT, and therapeutic exercise to improve CVF on an ambulatory person with stroke, written in English and reporting cardiovascular fitness or at least one of its indicators, such as peak oxygen consumption (VO2), gait speed, gait energy expenditure, and functional independence measure for locomotion (FIM-L), were included. The quality of the methodology was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results The research yielded 3854 relevant studies, of which 22 met the eligibility criteria. The primary indicators of the CVF, VO2 and energy expenditure, were used to examine the CVF in only three studies, while the rest used other indicators of the CVF. There was a lack of sufficient evidence to establish the superiority of one intervention over another. However, it appears that utilizing BWSTT to improve the CVF after stroke is effective. Conclusion Physiotherapy has the potential to enhance the CVF of stroke patients. However, effective interventions and long-term effects remain debatable.
The relationship between class-based habitus and choice of university and field of study

Abstract Enrollments in higher education have expanded greatly, but without elimination of all forms of inequality. Research in industrialized countries has shown that the path students follow in their transition from secondary school continues to be associated with their social class. This study provides quantitative evidence of that relationship in a non-industrial country like Chile. Multinomial logistic and linear regression of university admission data managed by the Department of Evaluation, Measurement and Registration describing 130,000 applicants for the years 2015 and 2017 were used to estimate the probability of a member of a particular social class choosing a given university and academic field of study. The results show differences regarding law programs and science, technology, engineering and mathematics programs. Class differences were particularly important in the choice of university. Working-class students were more likely to apply to public universities, avoiding elite and especially private institutions. The findings provide further support for Bourdieu’s habitus explanation of class reproduction. They suggest more attention to the level of segregation in Chilean higher education and the factors that produce it.
Research on Photothermal Co-Analysis Model of a Thermoelectric–Photoelectric Power Generator

In this article, a novel co-analysis model for photovoltaic and thermoelectric is proposed. A newly developed experimental platform is presented to verify the theoretical results of the model. The manufacturing process of the integrated power generator is compatible with the CMOS process and MEMS technology. All analyses are based on the premise that light and heat act simultaneously on the integrated power generator. The modeling of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) shows that the imposition of sunlight will impact its output performance. The reason is that one portion of the solar energy will be converted into heat for the cold side of the thermal leg. Hence, a new structure of the TEG, which has longer thermal legs to reduce the area of the cold side, is tested in the experiment. The experimental results show that the output voltage per area of the thermocouple decreases linearly from 1.625 to 0.344 mV/cm2 with light enhancement when the temperature of the bottom is 60.25 °C. In the Section of the solar cell, the output performance remains relatively stable when the temperature of the chip varies.
A Comparative Analysis of the Mamdani and Sugeno Fuzzy Inference Systems for MPPT of an Islanded PV System

With the maturation of nonlinear systems, considerable endeavors have been made to provide valid and high-speed controllers to supervise superior and more complex systems. Artificial intelligence has been remembered as the head topic among designers in the last decade. One of the popular control techniques is fuzzy logic, which is known to provide a controller that simulates the behavior of an expert operator. On the other hand, due to the necessity of change in human energy sources and the popularity of solar energy, attention to the greatest utilization of this category of green resources has significantly increased. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in solar systems is a headed topic, with innovative methods being presented every day despite numerous articles. However, the less discussed topic is the choice of a fuzzy inference system. In this article, the two classes of Mamdani and Sugeno are discussed to introduce the best controller for extracting more power from a solar system by implementing both types and gaining an understanding of their differences. In addition, the influence of the number of input membership functions on the controller performance is investigated. Therefore, two different input membership functions are given to each fuzzy system model. It should be noted that fuzzy system setup has been done by genetic algorithm to respond to the mortal desire to automate various processes, which is a subset of artificial intelligence. Accordingly, four different fuzzy systems have been designed and implemented on a solar system. The results were tested and summarized in various radiations in MATLAB Simulink.