Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical and antioxidant screening of some extracts of Juniperus communis L. and Juniperus oxycedrus L.

The content of phytochemicals, total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant potential of extracts of Juniperus communis L. and Juniperus oxycedrus L. berries were determined. Ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform were used for the process of extraction. Phytochemical monitoring was based on already known methods, while in vitro antioxidant activities were done by DPPH assay. Phytochemical screening showed a wide spectrum of phytochemicals. Ethanolic extract of Juniperus communis L. possesses the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 28.55 ± 0.24 µ/ml), as well the higher contents of total phenolics, 189.82 ± 0.27 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g of dried weight extract (mg GAE/g extract DW), and total flavonoids, 42.85 ± 0.13 mg of rutin equivalents per g of dried weight extract (mg RE/g extract DW). The results indicated the potential application of the tested extracts as significant antioxidants.
Urinary schistosomiasis: Water contact frequency and infectivity among school aged pupil/students in Umukabia Community of Ehime Mbano Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria

A study was conducted among 108 students and pupils of four selected schools in Umukabia Community in Ehime Mbano local government area of Imo State, Nigeria using their activities at Efuru and Okparadibia streams. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on water contact frequency and aetiology of the disease. Schistosoma haematobium ova detection was achieved by the microscopy. Results revealed that there was no significant difference in prevalence of S. haematobium between the students and pupils of the schools but there was a significant difference in prevalence of the infection among the males and females. It is therefore recommended that boreholes should be sunk in the community, the streams be treated with mullucides to reduce the snail population, and recreational facilities be provided in schools to dissuade children from going to play in infected streams. Finally, health awareness seminar should be intensified to create awareness of the mode of transmission of the parasite. Key words: Schistosomiasis, water contact, mullucides.
Determinants of Adherence to Living on Dialysis for Mexican Americans

This study explores perceptions that affect adherence behaviors among Mexican Americans living with dialysis. In-depth narrative interviews were conducted with 15 Mexican Americans with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) living on dialysis, 15 family members, and 6 health care personnel who provided care to them. Four themes emerged: (a) positive influences to adherence, (b) obstacles to adherence, (c) daily activity losses, and (d) fears about living with dialysis. From the findings, the perceptions given for non-adherence with the dialysis regimen ranged from denial of the condition, lack of pre-education, to cultural factors. Those given for adherence included prolonged life, family, and hope of getting a transplant. Health care providers were the reminder to adhere. Several cultural factors influenced their adherence perceptions. Strategies to enhance adherence behaviors should focus on knowledge about dialysis, use of the collective efficacy of the family, and the inclusion of cultural values.
NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION FOR LONG PILES DRIVEN IN CLAY

THE LOAD DISTRIBUTION IN TWO INSTRUMENTED PRECAST CONCRETE PILES WHICH HAVE BEEN DRIVEN THROUGH 40 M OF CLAY, 13 M OF SILT, AND 15 M OF SAND IS DESCRIBED. THE LOAD IS CAUSED BY NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION DUE TO RECONSOLIDATION OF THE REMOLDED CLAY AROUND THE PILES AFTER DRIVING. THE SOIL CONSISTS AT THE TEST SITE OF HOMOGENEOUS NORMALLY CONSOLIDATED CLAY WITH A WATER CONTENT OF AROUND 80 PER CENT AND AN UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH AT THE SURFACE OF ABOUT 2 TONS/M SQUARE AND 7 TONS/M SQUARE AT THE DEPTH OF 40 M. PIEZOMETERS AND SETTLEMENT GAGES WERE INSTALLED IN THE SOIL PRIOR TO THE DRIVING. A NEW, ACCURATE PILE-FORCE GAGE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED FOR THIS PROJECT, WHICH MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO MEASURE THE LOAD AND THE MOMENT DISTRIBUTION IN A PILE AFTER DRIVING. MEASUREMENTS SHOWED THAT THE LOAD IN THE PILE IMMEDIATELY AFTER DRIVING WAS ROUGHLY EQUAL TO THE WEIGHT OF THE PILE ITSELF. DURING THE FIVE-MONTH PERIOD FOLLOWING THE DRIVING, THE LOAD IN THE PILE INCREASE BY ABOUT 30 TONS AT THE BOTTOM OF THE CLAY LAYER. THIS LOAD INCREASE CORRESPONDS TO A NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION WHICH INCREASES LINEARLY FROM 0 AT THE GROUND SURFACE TO ABOUT 1.4 TONS/M SQUARE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE CLAY LAYER. THE NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION IS EQUAL TO 17 PER CENT OF THE UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH OR TO 5 PER CENT OF THE AVERAGE EFFECTIVE OVERBURDEN PRESURE. /AUTHOR/
Primary Music Education in the Absence of Specialists

Many schools worldwide rely exclusively on generalist teachers for music instruction at the primary level yet we know little about these teachers, their preparation for the task, and what they actually do in the classroom when teaching music. The extant literature in this area has focused primarily on boosting generalist teachers’ confidence to teach music. Little attention has been given to their musical knowledge base and thus their competence for teaching music. This paper reports the results of an investigation of music teaching in one national school system that has almost no specialist teachers at the primary level. Drawing from questionnaire data augmented by classroom observations and interviews, the authors describe the nature and quality of music teaching in this system highlighting the issues that arose for these teachers.
PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON EGGPLANT(Solanum melongena l.): DECREASING THE EFFECT OF SALINITY BY SOME FOLIAR APPLICATION SUBSTANCES ON EGGPLANT.

Two field experiments were carried out at private farm at El-Gammalia district, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt; during summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 to study the effect of some foliar substances, i.e., yeast extract at 20 m/L, proline at 100 ppm, silicon at 200 ppm, ascorbic acid at 250 ppm, salicylic acid at 250 ppm and selenium at 50 ppm on vegetative growth, flowering, fruit yield and its components and quality of eggplant (solanum melongena L.) cv. Black beauty. The results show that foliar applications gave the highest number of leaves and branches, plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf area, and stem diameter were obtained in both seasons. Also, treatments resulted the highest in number of flower/plant, number of days to first flowers and the lowest in fruit setting compared with the control in both seasons. Moreover, treatments were the highest in total soluble solids (TSS) and vitamin C (mg/100g fw) and the lowest in titrable acidity (%) in both seasons. Also, treatments were the highest in N, P and K of leaves and N, P, K, Fe, (No2 + No3) and protein in both seasons. All foliar applications significantly increased yield characters compared to the control treatment. The superior application was proline followed by yeast extract and silicon in both seasons, respectively.
Postgraduate Physiotherapy students’ perception towards postgraduate course in Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy has become a first option choice over a period of time. Various factors have influenced this trend amongst postgraduates. This study was conducted in order to know the perception of postgraduate students towards the postgraduate course in which they are currently enrolled. A descriptive questionnaire based study was carried out on postgraduate students. Convenient sampling was used to collect data from 21 students. The questionnaire used for the study was a semi structured questionnaire which included 15 questions. We observed that most of the students had similar responses towards their choice of postgraduate course but variations did exist for what they would do after post graduation and it was very interesting to know that most of the students opted for being a teacher or setting up own clinics. Keywords: Perception, Physiotherapy, Postgraduates.
Development of an in vitro model of head-first impact with a Hybrid III head, surrogate spinal cord, and simulated neck muscles

Although the role of muscles was once thought to be minimal in axial compression, it is now thought that their stabilizing effect may influence the buckling behavior of the inherently unstable articulated column that is the cervical spine. This has been previously investigated experimentally using a very simplified model of neck musculature. The objective of this study was to create and establish the merit of a model of head-first impact with an advanced muscle force replication (AMFR) system using a Hybrid III anthropometric test device head, cadaveric cervical spine, and surrogate spinal cord. An osteoligamentous cervical spine (occiput-T2, age 60 yrs) was set in dental stone at T1/2 and attached to a Hybrid III head at the occiput using custom adapter plates. The T1/2 potting cup was fixed to a six axis lower neck load cell and mounted to the carriage of a drop tower. The AMFR system modeled four bilateral muscles and three follower loads using fishing line tied to the vertebrae or to the Hybrid III head mounting plate. A radiopaque biofidelic surrogate spinal cord was inserted into the spinal canal. The specimen was dropped from a height of 60 cm onto a padded impact platform overtop a uni-axial load cell. The impact was captured at 1000 frames per second with two high speed video cameras and a high speed x-ray system. Injuries were diagnosed by a fellowship-trained spine surgeon (JS) using x-rays, CT scans, and through dissection. Lordosis was removed from the specimen and it was aligned with zero eccentricity (anteroposterior distance between the occipital condyles and the T1 vertebral body) using the AMFR system. The peak impact platform and lower neck axial loads were 7930 N and 3830 N, respectively. Injuries included a burst fracture of C1 and a disc and bilateral facet capsule rupture at C5/6. The C1 fracture produced a concurrent peak spinal cord compression of 20%. This pilot study showed that compression injuries in head-first impacts can be reproduced with a cadaver spine, Hybrid III head, and simulated muscle forces. This model advances in vitro testing as it permits measurement of spinal cord compression and simulation of neck muscle forces with tied attachments on the vertebrae allowing this to be achieved without damaging the structural integrity of the spinal column. Development of an In Vitro Model of Head-first Impact with a Hybrid III Head, Surrogate Spinal Cord, and Simulated Neck Muscles
Cardiovascular morbidity in subjects with Obstructive sleep apnea and Its correlation with the severity of disease

There is paucity of Indian data evaluating the relationship of hypertension, ventricular dysfunction and carotid artery intima media thickness with Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and its severity. This observational study compared these outcomes amongst subjects with and without OSAHS. Subjects categorized as ‘High Risk’ on Berlin's questionnaire underwent polysomnography. The outcomes were evaluated by history, examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography and carotid artery ultrasonography. There were 48 cases (polysomnography confirmed OSAHS) and 44 controls (without OSAHS). Of the 48 cases, 28 (58%) were classified as severe and 20 (42%) non-severe (mild and moderate). A significant association independent of confounders was documented between OSAHS and: (i) blood pressure and hypertension; (ii) previous myocardial infarction, diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension and arrhythmias; and (iii) carotid artery plaques and intima-media thickness. However, there was no significant impairment of ejection fraction or systolic dysfunction. No statistically significant “dose response” relationship was evident on comparing subjects with severe and non-severe OSAHS.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AGARICUS BISPORUS AND PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS FRUITING BODIES AND THEIR MORPHOLOGICAL PARTS

The chemical composition of two edible mushroom species was investigated. Agaricus bisporus is a saprotrophic spice. Pleurotus ostreatus belongs to the wood-rotting mushrooms. They are the most popular among mushrooms that are cultivated in Europe. It is found that mushrooms contain carbohydrates, protein, lipids, phenolic compounds and mineral elements. P. ostreatus has more carbohydrates than A. bisporus. Trehalose dominates among the low molecular weight carbohydrates. The main monosaccharide in the hydrolysates of easily hydrolysable polysaccharides is glucose. Only glucose and glucosamine are detected in the hydrolysates of hardly hydrolysable polysaccharides. Glucan and chitin are present in the composition of this polysaccharide fraction. A. bisporus contains 2.0 times more chitin than P. ostreatus. All essential amino acids are found in the mushroom protein hydrolysates. Nonprotein nitrogen compounds are present in the mushrooms. Lipid level is 1.4 times higher in A. bisporus than in P. ostreatus. Unsaturated fatty acids dominate in the lipid composition. Phenolic compounds of mushrooms include low molecular weight compounds and melanin. The low molecular weight phenolic compounds levels in the mushrooms are the same. A. bisporus contains significantly more melanin than P. ostreatus. Mushrooms differ in the mineral element content. Mushroom morphological parts have the different chemical composition. Carbohydrates are mainly concentrated in the stipes, and protein can be found in the caps. A bisporus caps contain more lipids than the stipes. Morphological parts of P. ostreatus do not significantly differ in this index. The phenolic compounds are mainly concentrated in A. bisporus caps.
Anemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children and its relation to disease stages -

Background: Anemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children is associated with more rapid disease progression and a poorer prognosis if not treated appropriately. Objective: This study aimed at determining the severity of anemia among HIV-infected children and its relation with the World Health Organization (WHO) clinical and immunological HIV infection staging among HIV-infected children. Materials and Methods: The children who were HIV positive (confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIV-1 and HIV-2), and attending the outpatient department of ART Centre and SN Children Hospital, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, during period of 1 year. The study population consisted of 47 patients, belonged to both sexes and age of 18 months to 18 years. Written and informed consent was taken from parents/guardian. Detailed history was taken and full clinical examination was done in all cases. Blood sample for complete blood count and CD4 was collected. Result: Of 47 studied children, anemia (Hb < 11.5 g/dL) was present in 39 (82.98%) cases. Mild anemia was present in 25 (53.19%). Severe anemia was only found in the WHO clinical and immunological stages 3 and 4. Conclusion: Most of the HIV-infected children usually present with mild anemia. Mild and moderate anemia had no correlation with disease stages but severe anemia was present mostly in stages 3 and 4.
Efficacy of the combination of herbal extracts and a silicone derivative in the treatment of hypertrophic scar formation after burn injury

The development of hypertrophic scars is an unsolved problem in the process of wound healing. The objective of this research was to study the efficacy of the combination of herbal extracts and a silicone derivative in a gel preparation (Cybele®Scagel) on the treatment of deep second degree burns after complete epithelialization. Sixty-three patients were enrolled in this study. One wound area larger than 10 × 10 cm was selected from each patient to receive treatment with Cybele® Scagel. Patients were observed for pigmentation, pliability, pain and itching for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after treatment. Their data and wound characteristics were collected during each visit using the Vancouver scar scale. After 24 weeks, all scales (pigmentation, pliability, pain and itching) were significantly lower in the sites treated with Cybele® Scagel compared with the previous time points (p 0.05). One patient was excluded at week 2 because of moderate itching at the wound site, which could have interfered with the evaluation. The application of Cybele® Scagel might have some beneficial effects for prevention of hypertrophic scar formation after partial thickness burn injuries. Key words: Herbal extracts, burn, hypertrophic scar.
Management control of a meal experience: comments on the Five Aspects Meal Model

The Five Aspects Meal Model (FAMM) is a structured approach towards explaining what makes up an entire meal experience. One aspect in particular, the management control system, has a clear potential of being developed to increase the practical impact of the model. Scholars suggest that the management control system aspect works backstage, where matters of computer work, handling statistics, marketing, work organization and dealing with labour law constitute the essence of management control. Management control, however, is widely treated in other fields of research predominantly as a means for influencing behaviour and implementing strategy. The paper discusses the concept of management control and suggests an extended view on the management control system aspect of the FAMM. The upshot is that the management control system aspect could be viewed as a means to influence all the other four aspects through behavioural control of decision-making.
Catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin to produce aromatic hydrocarbons: optimal conditions and reaction mechanism

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin with zeolite catalysts is a promising method to produce aromatic hydrocarbons. In this paper, alkali lignin was used as a model compound to pyrolyze with HZSM-5 (silica to alumina ratio, SAR = 23), HZSM-5(50), HZSM-5(80), HY and Hβ. Non-condensable vapours and condensable fractions were determined and quantified by GC/FID and GC/MS respectively. 7.63 wt% of aromatic hydrocarbons and 3.34 wt% of C1–C4 alkanes and alkenes were acquired. The effects of catalysts and pyrolysis parameters were studied in this work. Different reaction pathways were compared and discussed by combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Cyclization reactions to form aromatic hydrocarbons were thought to be the main reaction pathway, while direct demethylation, demethoxylation and dehydration reactions were the secondary reaction pathway to convert phenolic lignin monomers to non-oxygenated aromatic hydrocarbons.
Long-term treatment with Kigelia africana fruit extract ameliorates the testicular toxicity following cisplatin administration in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Cisplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic antitumor drugs that generates reactive oxygen species and also inhibits the activity of antioxidant enzymes in testicular tissues. In the present study, we investigated the long term effects of treatment with Kigelia africana fruit extract (KAFE) and cisplatin in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Our literature survey indicated a lack of any experimental study showing the effects of long term use of KAFE in any experimental chemotherapeutic protocol using cisplatin. 50 Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study, divided into 10 groups (n = 5 in each group): control group, KAFE alone groups (100 and 500 mg/kg), cisplatin group, KAFE and cisplatin co-treatment group, KAFE prophylactic groups, and KAFE post-treatment groups. Testicular histopathology, MDA, GSH, catalase activities were determined alongside epididymal sperm count and motility. Hormonal assay for testosterone, FSH and LH was determined as well as morphometric parameters. Cisplatin-treated rats suffered 44% attrition rate with significantly reduced weight compared to controls and KAFE treated rats. Similarly, sperm motility was below 50% in cisplatin-treated rats while KAFE treatment resulted in over 70% motility. The cross-sectional area of seminiferous tubules in cisplatin-treated rats was 27.77 ± 0.9 × 103 µm2 as against 35.28 ± 1.6 × 103 µm2 in controls. While in cisplatin treated group the tissue levels of GSH and catalase activities were found to be significantly lower than in control and KAFE treated rats, MDA levels were significantly higher. Administration of KAFE as an adjunct to cisplatin and as post-treatment was not as effective in ameliorating the derangements in histoarchitectural and biochemical parameters caused by cislatin as the case when it is administered as a prophylactic or alone. Long term treatment with KAFE in rats has not shown any serious histoarchitectural alterations in the testis of the animals. While it is possible that KAFE may confer protecting capabilities against cisplatin-induced testicular damage, our studies has proven that pre-treatment offers a better option in reducing the ravages caused by cisplatin in the testis in a mechanism believed to be free-radical mediated. Key words: Kigelia africana, testicular toxicity, cisplatin, long-term treatment.
Safety promotion and injury surveillance with special focus on young peoples club sports

From a public health perspective, promoting physical activity in children and youth has many benefits. However, in parallel with benefits, there are injury risks. Research suggests that about every fifth unintentional injury in a typical community in the western part of the world is associated with leisure time physical exercise. The injury risk increases with level of play and is associated with age, with about 32 % of sports injuries affecting the group 15-24 years of age (Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, (Socialstyrelsen) 2010; Finch, Mitchell & Boufous, 2011). By understanding the factors associated with sport related injuries, relevance of age and injury mechanisms, sport safety practices can be applied in organised sports clubs serving children, youth, and young adults, as well as other age groups. For the time being, incidence rates and severity measures of injuries occurring in leisure-time sports are difficult to evaluate due to confusion about data collection methodologies, including confusion around definitions, such as which injuries should be classified as overuse injuries and how to measure and record the circumstances associated with serious sport related injuries. The primary aim of this thesis has been to identify and investigate associated risk factors related to sport injuries. A secondary aim was to explore whether data from ambulance journals or different kinds of survey data can be used to identify injury or other health problems associated with sport, particularly affecting young people. The thesis is based on three different surveys and one injury register study, with the results of these studies briefly identified below. In paper I, which addresses governance and implementation of sports safety practices, research methods using case studies were used to compare sport safety activities in 73 strategically chosen Swedish municipalities; 14 WHO Healthy Cities (HC), 14 WHO Safe Communities (SC) and 45 control communities. A total of 616 (84.8 %) municipal offices answered the nested question about sport safety activities in the web survey. The results showed that offices in municipalities accredited by WHO HC or SC organisations were more likely to perform frequent inspections of sports facilities and HC-designated locations were more likely to involve the sports