Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maladaptive Rumination Mediates the Relationship between Self-Esteem, Perfectionism, and Work Addiction: A Largescale Survey Study

Background: Empirical evidence suggests that low self-esteem and high perfectionism are significant personality correlates of work addiction, but the mechanisms underlying these relationships are still unclear. Consequently, exploring cognitive mechanisms will help to better understand work addiction. For instance, rumination is one of the under-researched topics in work addiction, although it may explain specific thinking processes of work-addicted individuals. The purpose of the study was to test the mediating role of maladaptive rumination (i.e., brooding) in the relationship between personality and addiction. Methods: In a largescale cross-sectional, unrepresentative, online study, 4340 adults with a current job participated. The following psychometric instruments were used: Work Addiction Risk Test Revised, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and Ruminative Response Scale. Results: It was found that self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and self-esteem had both direct and indirect relationships with work addiction via the mediating effect of maladaptive rumination. The two paths involving brooding explained 44% of the direct relationship. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that brooding type of rumination as a putatively maladaptive strategy explains why individuals characterized by low self-esteem and high perfectionism may have a higher risk of work addiction. The results suggest that cognitive-affective mechanisms in work addiction are similar to those found in other addictive disorders.
The relations between the stress in temporomandibular joints and the deviated distances for mandibular asymmetric patients

The study aimed to compare the difference of stress distributions in temporomandibular joints (TMJs) between the patients with mandibular asymmetry and asymptomatic subjects and find the relations between deviated distance and biomechanical stress using three-dimensional finite element method, to give guidance to dentists for correction of mandibular asymmetry. Ten facial symmetric subjects without symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and 10 mandibular asymmetric patients were recruited and assigned as the Control and Case group respectively. The FE models of the mandible and maxilla were reconstructed from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Muscle forces and boundary conditions were applied to the two groups corresponding to centric and anterior occlusions. The simulation manifested significant differences in stresses of the TMJs between the non-deviated and deviated sides in the Case group under the centric and anterior occlusions. The stresses in the Case group were significantly greater than those in the Control group, especially on the non-deviated side. Besides, there were weak and moderate correlations between the third principal stresses and deviated distances for the patients under centric and anterior occlusions. The excessive stresses in the TMJ of patients with mandibular asymmetry were associated with temporomandibular disorders.
Risk of birth defects and perinatal outcomes in HIV-infected women exposed to integrase strand inhibitors during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES Following an alert on neural tube defects and dolutegravir, we sought to evaluate if the exposure integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) at conception was associated with birth defects or other adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS In the prospective national French Perinatal Cohort (EPF), we studied birth defects and other perinatal outcomes by matching each pregnant woman exposed to INSTIs with a pregnant woman exposed to darunavir/ritonavir receiving the same backbone of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and matched for other characteristics such as age, geographic origin, center and year of delivery. RESULTS Among 808 women exposed to INSTIs during pregnancy (raltegravir=703, dolutegravir=57 and elvitegravir=48), we reported a slightly higher rate of birth defects in infants exposed at conception to raltegravir (6.7%) vs infants exposed to raltegravir later in pregnancy: 2.9% if initiated during pregnancy as first-line, and 2.5% as second-line treatment, p=0.04. When compared to matched controls, raltegravir exposure at conception was not significantly associated with birth defects: 6.4% vs 2.3%, p = 0.08. There was no cluster of birth defect type and no neural tube defects were observed. Other perinatal outcomes, such as preterm birth and stillbirths, did not differ significantly between raltegravir-exposed women and matched counterparts. No difference in any outcome was observed for elvitegravir/cobicistat or dolutegravir. CONCLUSION We found a non-significant trend for an association between exposure to raltegravir at conception and birth defects which needs to be evaluated by larger prospective surveillance data, as these drugs are increasingly prescribed in women living with HIV.
Landscape simplification increases vineyard pest outbreaks and insecticide use

Abstract Diversifying agricultural landscapes may mitigate biodiversity declines and improve pest management. Yet landscapes are rarely managed to suppress pests, in part because researchers seldom measure key variables related to pest outbreaks and insecticides that drive management decisions. We used a 13‐year government database to analyse landscape effects on European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) outbreaks and insecticides across c. 400 Spanish vineyards. At harvest, we found pest outbreaks increased four‐fold in simplified, vineyard‐dominated landscapes compared to complex landscapes in which vineyards are surrounded by semi‐natural habitats. Similarly, insecticide applications doubled in vineyard‐dominated landscapes but declined in vineyards surrounded by shrubland. Importantly, pest population stochasticity would have masked these large effects if numbers of study sites and years were reduced to typical levels in landscape pest‐control studies. Our results suggest increasing landscape complexity may mitigate pest populations and insecticide applications. Habitat conservation represents an economically and environmentally sound approach for achieving sustainable grape production.
Risk factors for an infection with Coxiella burnetii in German sheep flocks

Abstract In Germany, sheep are the main source of human Q fever epidemics, but data on Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) infections and related risk factors in the German sheep population remain scarce. In this cross-sectional study, a standardised interview was conducted across 71 exclusively sheep as well as mixed (sheep and goat) farms to identify animal and herd level risk factors associated with the detection of C. burnetii antibodies or pathogen-specific gene fragments via univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Serum samples and genital swabs from adult males and females of 3367 small ruminants from 71 farms were collected and analysed using ELISA and qPCR, respectively. On animal level, univariable analysis identified young animals (<2 years of age; odds ratio (OR) 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.83) to reduce the risk for seropositivity significantly (p < 0.05). The final multivariable logistic models identified lambing all year-round (OR 3.46/3.65; 95% CI 0.80–15.06/0.41–32.06) and purchases of sheep and goats (OR 13.61/22.99; 95% CI 2.86–64.64/2.21–239.42) as risk factors on herd level for C. burnetii infection detected via ELISA and qPCR, respectively.
Continuous Cooling Precipitation Diagrams Depending on the Composition of Aluminum-Magnesium-Silicon Alloys

This work presents the temperatureand time dependent precipitation behavior during cooling from solution annealing of five aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloys with different compositions. The continuous cooling precipitation (CCP) diagrams of these alloys were recorded by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). With the information out of CCP diagrams, the quenching step during the age hardening treatment could be optimized. CCP diagrams of aluminum alloys potentially will achieve the same importance like continuous cooling transformation diagrams for steels. The aluminum alloys EN AW-6060, 6063, 6005A and two compositions of 6082 were solution annealed and quenched in three different DSCs whereby the cooling rate range varies over three orders of magnitude (0.1 K/min – 375 K/min). Some alloys additionally were quenched in a dilatometer, in order to vary the cooling rate over five orders of magnitude (0.05 – 20,000 K/min). Cooling rate depending precipitate formation was analyzed by lightand scanning electron microscopy. Element composition of growing precipitates was investigated by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The crystal structures of precipitates were detected by x-ray diffraction and by electron backscatter diffraction. All alloys show a similar precipitation behavior. In an appropriate cooling rate range at least two precipitation reactions were found in different temperature ranges. It could be proven that the high temperature reaction corresponds to the precipitation of the equilibrium phase -Mg2Si. The precipitation kinetic depends on the alloy content. The critical cooling rate to suppress precipitation during cooling from solution annealing rises with increasing alloy content, e.g. EN AW-6060 (0.4 mass% Si, 0.44 mass% Mg): upper critical cooling rate 50 K/min; EN AW-6082 (1.23 mass% Si, 1.05 mass% Mg): upper critical cooling rate 8000 K/min.
Block Sparse Variational Bayes Regression Using Matrix Variate Distributions With Application to SSVEP Detection

Due to the nonsparse representation, the use of compressed sensing (CS) for physiological signals, such as a multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG), has been a challenge. We present a generalized Bayesian CS framework that is capable of handling representations that arise in the spatiotemporal setting. The proposed model utilizes the standard linear Gaussian observation model associated with the hierarchical modeling of data using the matrix-variate Gaussian scale mixture (GSM). It deploys various random and deterministic parameters to incorporate the knowledge of spatial and temporal correlation present in data. By varying distributions over random parameters, a family of generalized hyperbolic matrix variate distributions is derived. For estimation, we rely on variational Bayes (VB) for random parameters and expectation-maximization (EM) for deterministic parameters. Furthermore, the model is compared with recent developments in matrix-variate distribution-based modeling of data, and we briefly discuss its extension to finite mixtures of skewed distributions. Finally, the framework is applied to the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based EEG benchmark data set, and a comparative study is conducted to show its effectiveness for the frequency detection task. One of the crucial features of the proposed model is that it simultaneously processes multichannel signals with low computational cost and time, making it suitable for real-time systems, especially in a resource-constrained environment.
Unwanted Sex Due to Intoxication among Australians Aged 16–69 Years

ABSTRACT Intoxication can be a factor in unwanted sex, but research on the extent of the issue in both women and men is limited. We assessed the prevalence, correlates, and 10-year time-trends of unwanted sex due to intoxication among a representative sample of 4,279 women and 3,875 men aged 16–69 years in Australia and considered how these vary by gender. In 2012–13, 16% of women and 10% of men reported ever having had a sexual experience when they “did not want to because they were too drunk or high at the time. ” For both women and men, this was associated with younger age, bisexual activity, and reports of lifetime injection drug use, sexually transmitted infections, and forced sex. Among women only, it was associated with drinking above guideline levels and ever having terminated a pregnancy. Among men only, it was associated with current tobacco smoking, elevated psychosocial distress, and poor general health. Compared with 2001–02 data, fewer men reported unwanted intoxicated sex, while there were no changes for women as a whole. Interpreting these findings through an intersectional assemblage framework supports stronger understanding of the multiple factors influencing sexuality and substance use with implications for promoting equity, safety, and sexual health.
Small-Molecule Chemical Knockdown of MuRF1 in Melanoma Bearing Mice Attenuates Tumor Cachexia Associated Myopathy

Patients with malignant tumors frequently suffer during disease progression from a syndrome referred to as cancer cachexia (CaCax): CaCax includes skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness, loss of bodyweight, and fat tissues. Currently, there are no FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved treatments available for CaCax. Here, we studied skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction in a murine CaCax model by injecting B16F10 melanoma cells into mouse thighs and followed mice during melanoma outgrowth. Skeletal muscles developed progressive weakness as detected by wire hang tests (WHTs) during days 13–23. Individual muscles analyzed at day 24 had atrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction, augmented metabolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress, and a catabolically activated ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), including upregulated MuRF1. Accordingly, we tested as an experimental intervention of recently identified small molecules, Myomed-205 and -946, that inhibit MuRF1 activity and MuRF1/MuRF2 expression. Results indicate that MuRF1 inhibitor fed attenuated induction of MuRF1 in tumor stressed muscles. In addition, the compounds augmented muscle performance in WHTs and attenuated muscle weight loss. Myomed-205 and -946 also rescued citrate synthase and complex-1 activities in tumor-stressed muscles, possibly suggesting that mitochondrial-metabolic and muscle wasting effects in this CaCax model are mechanistically connected. Inhibition of MuRF1 during tumor cachexia may represent a suitable strategy to attenuate skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction.
Sorghum–Insect Composites for Healthier Cookies: Nutritional, Functional, and Technological Evaluation

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major health concern in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Relying on unexploited and regionally available rich sources of proteins such as insects and sorghum might contribute towards addressing PEM among at-risk populations. Insects are high in nutrients, especially protein, and are abundant in SSA. Sorghum is adapted to the tropical areas of SSA and as such it is an appropriate source of energy compared with temperate cereals like wheat. It is necessary to assess whether cookies fortified with sorghum and termite would be suitable for use in addressing PEM in SSA. Whole grain sorghum meal and termite meal were mixed at a 3:1 ratio (w/w sorghum:termite) to form a sorghum–termite meal blend. Composite cookies were prepared where the sorghum–termite blend partially substituted wheat flour at 20%, 40%, and 60% (sorghum–termite blend:wheat flour (w/w). The functional and nutritional qualities of the cookies were assessed. Compared with the control (100% wheat flour), the cookies fortified with sorghum and termite had about double the quantity of protein, minerals, and amino acids. However, with increased substitution level of the sorghum–termite blend, the spread factor of the cookies decreased. There is a potential to incorporate sorghum and termite in cookies for increased intake of several nutrients by communities that are vulnerable to nutrient deficiencies, especially PEM.
Biodegradable Antimicrobial Food Packaging: Trends and Perspectives

This review presents a perspective on the research trends and solutions from recent years in the domain of antimicrobial packaging materials. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities can be induced by the main polymer used for packaging or by addition of various components from natural agents (bacteriocins, essential oils, natural extracts, etc.) to synthetic agents, both organic and inorganic (Ag, ZnO, TiO2 nanoparticles, synthetic antibiotics etc.). The general trend for the packaging evolution is from the inert and polluting plastic waste to the antimicrobial active, biodegradable or edible, biopolymer film packaging. Like in many domains this transition is an evolution rather than a revolution, and changes are coming in small steps. Changing the public perception and industry focus on the antimicrobial packaging solutions will enhance the shelf life and provide healthier food, thus diminishing the waste of agricultural resources, but will also reduce the plastic pollution generated by humankind as most new polymers used for packaging are from renewable sources and are biodegradable. Polysaccharides (like chitosan, cellulose and derivatives, starch etc.), lipids and proteins (from vegetal or animal origin), and some other specific biopolymers (like polylactic acid or polyvinyl alcohol) have been used as single component or in blends to obtain antimicrobial packaging materials. Where the package’s antimicrobial and antioxidant activities need a larger spectrum or a boost, certain active substances are embedded, encapsulated, coated, grafted into or onto the polymeric film. This review tries to cover the latest updates on the antimicrobial packaging, edible or not, using as support traditional and new polymers, with emphasis on natural compounds.
Influence of Food and Beverage Companies on Retailer Marketing Strategies and Consumer Behavior

The retail food environment plays an important role in shaping dietary habits that contribute to obesity and other chronic diseases. Food and beverage manufacturers use trade promotion—incentives paid to retailers—to influence how products are placed, priced, and promoted in stores. This review aims to: (1) catalogue trade promotion practices that manufacturers use to influence retailer marketing strategies, and (2) describe how these retailer marketing strategies affect consumer purchasing behavior and attitudes. Researchers searched five databases, Academic Search Ultimate, Business Source Ultimate, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science, to identify literature from industry and academic sources published in English through November 2019. Twenty articles describing manufacturer trade promotion practices were synthesized and provided insight into four types of trade promotion practices: category management, slotting allowances, price discounts, and cooperative advertising. Fifty-four articles describing the impact of retailer marketing on consumers were synthesized and graded for quality of evidence. While comparison across studies is challenging, findings suggest that retailer marketing strategies, such as price promotions and prominent placement, lead to increased sales. Results can guide efforts by policymakers, public health practitioners, and food retailers to design retail environments that improve healthy eating while maintaining retailer financial interests. Additional research should measure the impact of retailer marketing strategies on consumer diet quality and retailer outcomes (e.g., return-on-investment).
Metabolomic profile of cancer stem cell‐derived exosomes from patients with malignant melanoma

Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most aggressive and life‐threatening form of skin cancer. It is characterized by an extraordinary metastasis capacity and chemotherapy resistance, mainly due to melanoma cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, there are no suitable clinical diagnostic, prognostic or predictive biomarkers for this neoplasia. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new MM biomarkers that enable early diagnosis and effective disease monitoring. Exosomes represent a novel source of biomarkers since they can be easily isolated from different body fluids. In this work, a primary patient‐derived MM cell line enriched in CSCs was characterized by assessing the expression of specific markers and their stem‐like properties. Exosomes derived from CSCs and serums from patients with MM were characterized, and their metabolomic profile was analysed by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) following an untargeted approach and applying univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. The aim of this study was to search potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of this disease. Our results showed significant metabolomic differences in exosomes derived from MM CSCs compared with those from differentiated tumour cells and also in serum‐derived exosomes from patients with MM compared to those from healthy controls. Interestingly, we identified similarities between structural lipids differentially expressed in CSC‐derived exosomes and those derived from patients with MM such as the glycerophosphocholine PC 16:0/0:0. To our knowledge, this is the first metabolomic‐based study aimed at characterizing exosomes derived from melanoma CSCs and patients' serum in order to identify potential biomarkers for MM diagnosis. We conclude that metabolomic characterization of CSC‐derived exosomes sets an open door to the discovery of clinically useful biomarkers in this neoplasia.
Validation of a Spanish Version of the Physical Appearance Comparison Scales

Physical appearance comparison has been widely studied because of its strong relationship with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. The main objective of this study was to validate the physical appearance comparison scales (PACS-Revised and PACS-3) in a sample of Spanish men and women and examine their psychometric properties. The sample consisted of 1151 participants (age M = 22.31, SD = 3.40). A unidimensional structure was corroborated in the PACS-R, and three factors in the PACS-3 (proximal, distal, and muscularity comparisons). The PACS-R and PACS-3 showed full scalar invariance across sex. The internal consistency for the PACS-R and subscales of PACS-3 were satisfactory. Positive statistically significant relationships were found with measures of disordered eating (EAT-26) and dysmorphic concern (DCQ). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the PACS-3 discretely improved the prediction of disordered eating over PACS-R, but did not show improvement in the prediction of dysmorphic concern beyond the PACS-R. These findings suggest that the PACS-R and PACS-3 may be useful tools for evaluating the tendency of men and women to compare their physical appearance.