Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Slow roll during the waterfall regime: The small coupling window for supersymmetric hybrid inflation

It has recently been pointed out that a substantial amount of e-folds can occur during the waterfall regime of hybrid inflation. Moreover, Kodama et al. have derived analytic approximations for the trajectories of the inflaton and of the waterfall fields. Based on these, we derive here the consequences for $F$- and $D$-term supersymmetric hybrid inflation: a substantial amount of e-folds may occur in the waterfall regime, provided $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{\ll}{M}^{2}/{M}_{\mathrm{P}}^{2}$, where $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ is the superpotential coupling, $M$ the scale of symmetry breaking and ${M}_{\mathrm{P}}$ the reduced Planck mass. When this condition is amply fulfilled, a number of e-folds much larger than ${N}_{\mathrm{e}}\ensuremath{\approx}60$ can occur in the waterfall regime and the scalar spectral index is then given by the expression found by Kodama et al. ${n}_{\mathrm{s}}=1\ensuremath{-}4/{N}_{\mathrm{e}}$. This value may be increased up to unity, if only about ${N}_{\mathrm{e}}$ e-folds occur during the waterfall regime, such that the largest observable scale leaves the horizon close to the critical point of hybrid inflation, what can be achieved for $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ and $M\ensuremath{\approx}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ in $F$-term inflation. Imposing the normalization of the power spectrum leads to a lower bound on the scale of symmetry breaking.
Background Studies for the Balloon-Borne Hard X-ray Polarimeter PoGOLite

The polarisation degree and angle of the X-ray flux emitted by astrophysical objects holds valuable information on the responsible emission mechanisms and on the emission environments. PoGOLite is a balloon-borne hard X-ray polarimeter designed to measure polarisation using a segmented plastic scintillator array. The instrument was launched for its first scientific, near-circumpolar, flight in July 2013 from the Esrange Space Centre in Northern Sweden. The primary observation target for this flight, the Crab, was observed during the first 2 days of flight. One of the main challenges for PoGOLite is the relatively high measurement background, predicted to be induced by atmospheric neutrons. No measurement data on the neutron environment for the flight conditions of PoGOLite is however available, making exact predictions impossible. This environment was therefore studied in detail. A Monte Carlo based model of the atmospheric neutron flux was developed. This model is capable of providing differential neutron energy spectra for all altitudes, latitudes and solar activities. The predictions of this model were found to be in good agreement both with measurement data, measured by high altitude aircraft, and with predictions by location and time specific models. The results from the model were verified with data recorded by a purpose-build balloon-borne neutron detector, PoGOLino. The PoGOLino instrument uses novel neutron sensitive LiCAF scintillators sandwiched between BGO crystals which serve as an anti-coincidence system. PoGOLino was launched from the Esrange Space Centre to an altitude of 31 km on March 20th 2013 and performed the first successful measurements of the neutron flux for the PoGOLite flight conditions. Using the developed model the background as measured by the PoGOLite mission in 2013 was studied. Monte Carlo simulations were used to confirm that the PoGOLite background during flight is dominated by neutrons. The simulated neutron induced signal rate and its variations with time were furthermore found to be in good agreement with measurements. Based on these results the implications of the background on the polarisation measurements of the Crab were studied. Lastly, based on the acquired knowledge of the background, changes to the instrument geometry for potential future flight of PoGOLite were studied along with the expected achievable improvement in performance for such flights.
MOPRA CO OBSERVATIONS OF THE BUBBLE H ii REGION RCW 120

We use the Mopra radio telescope to test for expansion of the molecular gas associated with the bubble H ii region RCW 120. A ring, or bubble, morphology is common for Galactic H ii regions, but the three-dimensional geometry of such objects is still unclear. Detected near- and far-side expansion of the associated molecular material would be consistent with a three-dimensional spherical object. We map the J = 1 → 0 transitions of 12CO, 13CO, C18O, and C17O, and detect emission from all isotopologues. We do not detect the 00 → 1−1E masing lines of CH3OH at 108.8939 GHz. The strongest CO emission is from the photo-dissociation region (PDR), and there is a deficit of emission toward the bubble interior. We find no evidence for expansion of the molecular material associated with RCW 120 and therefore can make no claims about its geometry. The lack of detected expansion is roughly in agreement with models for the time-evolution of an H ii region like RCW 120, and is consistent with an expansion speed of ≲ 1.5 km s−1. Single-position CO spectra show signatures of expansion, which underscores the importance of mapped spectra for such work. Dust temperature enhancements outside the PDR of RCW 120 coincide with a deficit of emission in CO, confirming that these temperature enhancements are due to holes in the RCW 120 PDR. H-alpha emission shows that RCW 120 is leaking ∼5% of the ionizing photons into the interstellar medium (ISM) through PDR holes at the locations of the temperature enhancements. Hα emission also shows a diffuse “halo” from leaked photons not associated with discrete holes in the PDR. Overall ∼25% ± 10% of all ionizing photons are leaking into the nearby ISM.
INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY OF MASSIVE, KILOPARSEC-SCALE OUTFLOWS IN THE INFRARED-LUMINOUS QSO Mrk 231

The quasi-stellar object (QSO)/merger Mrk 231 is arguably the nearest and best laboratory for studying QSO feedback. It hosts several outflows, including broad-line winds, radio jets, and a poorly understood kpc-scale outflow. In this Letter, we present integral field spectroscopy from the Gemini telescope that represents the first unambiguous detection of a wide-angle, kiloparsec-scale outflow from a powerful QSO. Using neutral gas absorption, we show that the nuclear region hosts an outflow with blueshifted velocities reaching 1100 km s−1, extending 2–3 kpc from the nucleus in all directions in the plane of the sky. A radio jet impacts the outflow north of the nucleus, accelerating it to even higher velocities (up to 1400 km s−1). Finally, 3.5 kpc south of the nucleus, star formation is simultaneously powering an outflow that reaches more modest velocities of only 570 km s−1. Blueshifted ionized gas is also detected around the nucleus at lower velocities and smaller scales. The mass and energy flux from the outflow are ≳2.5 times the star formation rate and ≳0.7% of the active galactic nucleus luminosity, consistent with negative feedback models of QSOs.
ON STOCK RETURN PATTERNS FOLLOWING LARGE MONTHLY PRICE MOVEMENTS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDIA

The purpose of this study is to examine the short-horizon stock behaviour following large monthly price changes of the large, liquid stocks in the Indian stock market. The event study methodology is used with two different methodologies and three abnormal return computational methods to improve the robustness and reliability of the results. This study evidences significant reversals following both large price declines and increases up to six months. Further, stronger initial shocks were followed by stronger reversals. The results are consistent with the ‘overreaction hypothesis’ in the Indian stock market. The results are robust to microstructure effects, extreme events, industry, period, methodology and market effects. The abnormal returns following large price declines might be economically significant with potential economic profits for traders.
Effect of Degree of Water Stress on Growth and Fecundity of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Using Soil Moisture Sensors

Abstract Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) is a troublesome broadleaf weed that competes with crops for resources such as soil moisture. Water stress can affect the ability of weed species to grow and produce seeds. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of degree of water stress on the growth and fecundity of A. threophrasti using soil moisture sensors under greenhouse conditions. Abutilon threophrasti seeds collected from a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] field were grown in silty clay loam soil, and plants were maintained at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% soil field capacity (FC) corresponding to no, light, moderate, and high water-stress conditions, respectively. Water was added daily to pots based on soil moisture levels detected by a Meter Group 5TM sensor to maintain the desired water-stress level required by treatment. Plants maintained at 100% FC had the maximum number of leaves (28 leaves plant–1), followed by 21 and 15 leaves plant–1 at 75% and 50% FC, respectively. Abutilon threophrasti at 100% and 75% FC achieved maximum plant height (108 to 123 cm) compared with 83 cm at 50% FC. Abutilon threophrasti maintained at 75% FC had the greatest growth index (79,907 cm3) followed by 72,197 cm3 at 100% FC and 64,256 cm3 at 50% FC. Seed production was similar at 100%, 75%, and 50% FC (288 to 453 seeds plant–1) compared with 2 seeds plant–1 at 25% FC. This is because the majority of plants maintained at 25% FC did not survive more than 77 d after transplanting. Seed germination was 96% to 100% at 100%, 75%, and 50% FC compared with 20% germination at 25% FC. Abutilon threophrasti can survive ≥50% FC continuous water-stress conditions, although with reduced leaf number, plant height, and growth index compared with 75% and 100% FC.
AN IMPROVED SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF DA WHITE DWARFS FROM THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY DATA RELEASE 4

We present an improved spectroscopic and photometric analysis of hydrogen-line DA white dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4 (SDSS DR4) based on model atmospheres that include improved Stark broadening profiles with non-ideal gas effects. We also perform a careful visual inspection of all spectroscopic fits with high signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns > 12) and present improved atmospheric parameters (Teff and log g) for each white dwarf. Through a comparison of spectroscopic and photometric temperatures, we report the discovery of 35 DA+DB/DC double degenerate candidates and two helium-rich DA stars. We also determine that a cutoff at S/N = 15 optimizes the size and quality of the sample for computing the mean mass of DA white dwarfs, for which we report a value of 0.613 M☉. We compare our results to previous analyses of the SDSS DR4 and find a good agreement if we account for the shift produced by the improved Stark profiles. Finally, the properties of DA white dwarfs in the SDSS are weighed against those of the Villanova White Dwarf Catalog sample of Gianninas et al. We find systematically lower masses (by about 3% on average), a difference that we trace back to the data reduction procedure of the SDSS. We conclude that a better understanding of these differences will be important to determine the absolute temperature scale and mean mass of DA white dwarfs.
Media Sosial dan Persepsi Publik tentang Good Governance pada Pemerintah Daerah di Solo Raya

Media sosial menawarkan berbagai kemudahan berkomunikasi untuk membangun hubungan yang interaktif antara warga negara dan pemerintah karena memiliki empat kekuatan potensial yaitu: collaboration, participation, empowerment and time.Penggunaan media sosial oleh pemerintah daerah di Indonesia masih belum optimal, termasuk di wilayah Solo Raya. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat bagaimana penggunaan media sosial pemerintah daerah di Solo Raya berpengaruh pada persepsi publik tentang good governance yang terdiri dari aspek partisipasi, akuntabilitas dan transparansi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan sampling kuota melibatkan 210 partisipan di wilayah Solo Raya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media sosial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap persepsi publik tentang good governance dan ketiga aspeknya. Temuan penelitian ini mendukung penelitian sebelumnya bahwa penggunaan media sosial dapat meningkatkan transparansi pemerintah dan partisipasi warga. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemerintah daerah lebih meningkatkan engagement dan relevansi konten dalam pengelolaan media sosial, sehingga memiliki kontribusi lebih besar pada pelaksanaan good governance.
A semi-empirical equation to predict filling wall pressures on oblique conical hoppers

Hoppers are frequently used in steel silos, especially in farm facilities and food industries. These structures occasionally have an oblique hopper with an eccentric outlet to improve the flow of material during discharge. The 2006 version of the European standard EN 1991-4 uses classical Walker theory to predict wall pressures on concentric hoppers, but oblique hoppers are not considered. The authors have developed a Finite Element Model to predict the wall pressures on oblique hoppers and several sensitivity analyses have been made to study the possible influence of different parameters including outlet eccentricity, the outlet cir cumferential position, the aspect ratio of the silo and hopper, and different stored materials. The results show that the circumferential location and eccentricity of the outlet are the main factors affect ing the pressures on oblique hoppers. A semi-empirical equation is proposed to estimate the expected pressures on oblique hoppers which is designed to match with the maximum normal pressure obtained from the simulation, and to provide a good representation for the circumferential distribution of normal pressures. The results of this research may be of interest with regard to the upcoming revised version of the European standard EN 1991-4.
Personality, behavioral engagement, and psychological adaptation of high school students abroad: A longitudinal perspective on between- and within-person dynamics

International educational mobility is a life event that confronts sojourners with many challenges, such as adapting to a new living environment abroad. Whether these cultural adaptation processes are successful is contingent upon different factors. In the present study, we focused on the role of personality as well as host- and home-cultural behavioral engagement in the psychological adaptation of high school students during an academic year abroad. To that end, we analyzed data from the first four waves of the project Mobility and Acculturation Experiences of Students (MAPS) (N = 1299 students in a year abroad) using a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to address these associations at the interpersonal and intrapersonal level. The analyses revealed the complex interplay between personality, host- and home-cultural behavioral engagement, and adaptation at both the interpersonal and intrapersonal levels of analysis. Moreover, host-cultural behavioral engagement also mediated the predictive effects of personality traits on the psychological adaptation of sojourners in the CLPM. Theoretical implications for personality and acculturation research and practical inferences for supporting students studying abroad are discussed.
Multi-THz Pump Bandwidth Activation of Ultrafast Anharmonic Vibrational Coupling

We use first-principles calculations to model multi-THz excitation and ultrafast coherent energy flow between vibrational degrees of freedom in gas-phase fluorobenzene. To accomplish this, we compute anharmonic coupling constants and use coupled equations of motion to model the ultrafast dynamics. We determined the role of anharmonic coupling as well as the symmetry of the vibrational modes in intramolecular energy transfer. The results from this modeling are guiding measurements of anharmonic coupling in fluorobenzene with a new multi-THz pump, femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) probe experimental setup.
An Efficient Bi-Polar Near-Field Far-Field Transformation for Flat AUTs

This conference paper is devoted to an experimental assessment of a bi-polar near-field far-field (NFFF) transformation with probe compensation, which is particularly convenient from the data reduction standpoint when characterising a flat antenna under test (AUT). The proposed technique utilizes the non-redundant sampling representations of the electromagnetic fields for developing an efficient probe voltage sampling representation on the scan plane, which requires the knowledge of the NF bi-polar samples at a reduced number of sampling points. Then, these samples are suitably interpolated by a two-dimensional optimal sampling interpolation expansion to accurately reconstruct the plane-rectangular NF data needed by the standard Leach&Paris's NFFF transformation. To properly take into account the AUT geometry, a disc having diameter equal to the AUT largest dimension is adopted as modeling surface. Such a surface allows one a more effective AUT modeling from the NF data reduction stand-point than the other proposed modeling surfaces for quasi-planar AUTs (the oblate spheroid or the two-bowls), because it has the capability to reduce very significantly the related volumetric redundance, fitting very well the AUT geometry. Experimental results are shown to assess the efficacy of this NFFF transformation.
Identification of old tidal dwarfs near early-type galaxies from deep imaging and H i observations

It has recently been proposed that the dwarf spheroidal galaxies located in the Local Group disks of satellites (DoSs) may be tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs) born in a major merger at least 5 Gyr ago. Whether TDGs can live that long is still poorly constrained by observations. As part of deep optical and HI surveys with the CFHT MegaCam camera and Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope made within the ATLAS3D project, and follow-up spectroscopic observations with the Gemini-North telescope, we have discovered old TDG candidates around several early-type galaxies. At least one of them has an oxygen abundance close to solar, as expected for a tidal origin. This confirmed pre-enriched object is located within the gigantic, but very low surface brightness, tidal tail that emanates from the elliptical galaxy, NGC 5557. An age of 4 Gyr estimated from its SED fitting makes it the oldest securely identified TDG ever found so far. We investigated the structural and gaseous properties of the TDG and of a companion located in the same collisional debris, and thus most likely of tidal origin as well. Despite several Gyr of evolution close to their parent galaxies, they kept a large gas reservoir. Their central surface brightness is low and their effective radius much larger than that of typical dwarf galaxies of the same mass. This possibly provides us with criteria to identify tidal objects which can be more easily checked than the traditional ones requiring deep spectroscopic observations. In view of the above, we discuss the survival time of TDGs and question the tidal origin of the DoSs.
Alleged Lessepsian foraminifera prove native and suggest Pleistocene range expansions into the Mediterranean Sea

: Biogeographical patterns are increasingly modified by the human-driven translocation of species, a process that accelerated several centuries ago. Observational datasets, however, rarely range back more than a few decades, implying that a large part of invasion histories went unobserved. Small-sized organisms, like benthic foraminifera, are more likely to have been re - ported only recently due to their lower detectability compared to larger-sized organisms. Recently detected native species of tropical affinity may have thus been mistaken for non-indigenous species due to the lack of evidence of their occurrence in pre-invasion records. To uncover the unobserved past of the Lessepsian invasion — the entrance of tropical species into the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal — we collected sediment cores on the southern Israeli shelf. We deployed state-of-the-art radiocarbon techniques to date 7 individual foraminiferal tests belonging to 5 alleged non-indigenous species and show that they are centuries to millennia old, thus native. Two additional species previously considered non-indigenous occurred in centennial to millennia-old sediments, suggesting their native status. The evidence of multiple tropical foraminiferal species supposed to be non-indigenous but proved native in the eastern Mediterranean suggests either survival in refugia during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.96−5.33 million years) or, more likely, dispersal from the tropical Atlantic and Indo-Pacific during the Pleistocene. In the inter-glacials of this epoch, higher sea levels may have allowed biological connectivity between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea for shallow-water species, showing that the Isthmus of Suez was possibly a more biologically porous barrier than previously considered.
Clinical Significance of Tumor Size in Gross Extrathyroidal Extension to Strap Muscles (T3b) in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Comparison with T2

Simple Summary In the 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system, T3b is defined as gross extrathyroidal extension (gETE) invading only the strap muscles from a tumor of any size. However, defining T3b according to tumor size remains controversial. We created new T3b categories according to tumor size (T3b-1, tumor ≤ 2 cm in T3b; T3b-2, 2 cm < tumor ≤ 4 cm in T3b). There was a significant difference only in T3b-2 compared to T2. Novel methods of evaluating the effect of gETE according to tumor size should be considered in further revisions of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system. Abstract The purpose of the present study was to compare the risk of recurrence between T2 and T3b papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the effect of tumor size on survival in T3b disease. A total of 634 patients with PTC who underwent thyroid surgery at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. Clinicopathological characteristics were compared according to the T category in the TNM staging system, with T3b divided into T3b-1 (tumor size, ≤2 cm) and T3b-2 (tumor size, 2–4 cm). Disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence risk were compared between T2, T3b, T3b-1, and T3b-2. Tumor size was significantly larger in T2 than in T3b. A significant difference in recurrence was observed between T2 and T3b-2 but not between T2 and T3b-1. T3b-2 was identified as a significant risk factor for PTC recurrence. A significant difference in the DFS curve was observed between T2 and T3b-2. However, no significant differences in survival were observed between T2 and T3b or T3b-1. These results indicate that the prognostic impact of T3b may vary depending on tumor size. Further studies are required to determine the need for T classifications that account for tumor size and gETE invasion of the strap muscles.