Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attenuated Directed Exploration during Reinforcement Learning in Gambling Disorder

Gambling disorder (GD) is a behavioral addiction associated with impairments in value-based decision-making and behavioral flexibility and might be linked to changes in the dopamine system. Maximizing long-term rewards requires a flexible trade-off between the exploitation of known options and the exploration of novel options for information gain. This exploration-exploitation trade-off is thought to depend on dopamine neurotransmission. We hypothesized that human gamblers would show a reduction in directed (uncertainty-based) exploration, accompanied by changes in brain activity in a fronto-parietal exploration-related network. Twenty-three frequent, non-treatment seeking gamblers and twenty-three healthy matched controls (all male) performed a four-armed bandit task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Computational modeling using hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation revealed signatures of directed exploration, random exploration, and perseveration in both groups. Gamblers showed a reduction in directed exploration, whereas random exploration and perseveration were similar between groups. Neuroimaging revealed no evidence for group differences in neural representations of basic task variables (expected value, prediction errors). Our hypothesis of reduced frontal pole (FP) recruitment in gamblers was not supported. Exploratory analyses showed that during directed exploration, gamblers showed reduced parietal cortex and substantia-nigra/ventral-tegmental-area activity. Cross-validated classification analyses revealed that connectivity in an exploration-related network was predictive of group status, suggesting that connectivity patterns might be more predictive of problem gambling than univariate effects. Findings reveal specific reductions of strategic exploration in gamblers that might be linked to altered processing in a fronto-parietal network and/or changes in dopamine neurotransmission implicated in GD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Wiehler et al. (2021) report that gamblers rely less on the strategic exploration of unknown, but potentially better rewards during reward learning. This is reflected in a related network of brain activity. Parameters of this network can be used to predict the presence of problem gambling behavior in participants.
Tolerance of Novel Toxins through Generalized Mechanisms: Simulating Gradual Host Shifts of Butterflies

Organisms encounter a wide range of toxic compounds in their environments, from chemicals that serve anticonsumption or anticompetition functions to pollutants and pesticides. Although we understand many detoxification mechanisms that allow organisms to consume toxins typical of their diet, we know little about why organisms vary in their ability to tolerate entirely novel toxins. We tested whether variation in generalized stress responses, such as antioxidant pathways, may underlie variation in reactions to novel toxins and, if so, their associated costs. We used an artificial diet to present cabbage white butterfly caterpillars (Pieris rapae) with plant material containing toxins not experienced in their evolutionary history. Families that maintained high performance (e.g., high survival, fast development time, large body size) on diets containing one novel toxic plant also performed well when exposed to two other novel toxic plants, consistent with a generalized response. Variation in constitutive (but not induced) expression of genes involved in oxidative stress responses was positively related to performance on the novel diets. While we did not detect reproductive trade-offs of this generalized response, there was a tendency to have less melanin investment in the wings, consistent with the role of melanin in oxidative stress responses. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that variation in generalized stress responses, such as genes involved in oxidative stress responses, may explain the variation in tolerance to entirely novel toxins and may facilitate colonization of novel hosts and environments.
Seasonal variation of fatty acids composition of milk from grazing ewes in Thessaly, central Greece

GOVARI M. Laboratory of Safety and Quality of Dairy Foods, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ILIADIS S. Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece PAPAGEORGIOU D. Laboratory of Safety and Quality of Dairy Foods, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece FLETOURIS D. Laboratory of Safety and Quality of Dairy Foods, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece http://dx.doi. org/10.12681/jhvms.21797
Tool recommender system in Galaxy using deep learning

Galaxy is a web-based and open-source scientific data-processing platform. Researchers compose pipelines in Galaxy to analyse scientific data. These pipelines, also known as workflows, can be complex and difficult to create from thousands of tools, especially for researchers new to Galaxy. To make creating workflows easier, faster and less error-prone, a predictive system is developed to recommend tools facilitating further analysis. A model is created to recommend tools by analysing workflows, composed by researchers on the European Galaxy server, using a deep learning approach. The higher-order dependencies in workflows, represented as directed acyclic graphs, are learned by training a gated recurrent units (GRU) neural network, a variant of a recurrent neural network (RNN). The weights of tools used in the neural network training are derived from their usage frequencies over a period of time. The hyper-parameters of the neural network are optimised using Bayesian optimisation. An accuracy of 97% in predicting tools is achieved by the model for precision@1, precision@2 and precision@3 metrics. It is accessed by a Galaxy API to recommend tools in real-time. Multiple user interface (UI) integrations on the server communicate with this API to apprise researchers of these recommended tools interactively. Contact kumara@informatik.uni-freiburg.de gruening@informatik.uni-freiburg.de backofen@informatik.uni-freiburg.de
Estimation of genetic parameters and trends for production traits of dairy cattle in Thailand using a multiple-trait multiple-lactation test day model

Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and trends for milk, fat, and protein yields in the first three lactations of Thai dairy cattle using a 3-trait,-3-lactation random regression test-day model. Methods Data included 168,996, 63,388, and 27,145 test-day records from the first, second, and third lactations, respectively. Records were from 19,068 cows calving from 1993 to 2013 in 124 herds. (Co) variance components were estimated by Bayesian methods. Gibbs sampling was used to obtain posterior distributions. The model included herd-year-month of testing, breed group-season of calving-month in tested milk group, linear and quadratic age at calving as fixed effects, and random regression coefficients for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects, which were defined as modified constant, linear, quadratic, cubic and quartic Legendre coefficients. Results Average daily heritabilities ranged from 0.36 to 0.48 for milk, 0.33 to 0.44 for fat and 0.37 to 0.48 for protein yields; they were higher in the third lactation for all traits. Heritabilities of test-day milk and protein yields for selected days in milk were higher in the middle than at the beginning or end of lactation, whereas those for test-day fat yields were high at the beginning and end of lactation. Genetics correlations (305-d yield) among production yields within lactations (0.44 to 0.69) were higher than those across lactations (0.36 to 0.68). The largest genetic correlation was observed between the first and second lactation. The genetic trends of 305-d milk, fat and protein yields were 230 to 250, 25 to 29, and 30 to 35 kg per year, respectively. Conclusion A random regression model seems to be a flexible and reliable procedure for the genetic evaluation of production yields. It can be used to perform breeding value estimation for national genetic evaluation in the Thai dairy cattle population.
Analysis of Antioxidant Activity and Serotonin Derivatives in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Germplasm Collected from Five Countries

In order to select potential plant resources as functional materials and natural antioxidants, we evaluated antioxidant activity and serotonin derivatives of safflower germplasm collected from five countries. N-(p-Coumaroyl) serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS) were analyzed by using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activities were estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Reducing power (RP) assays. The TPC showed a range of 28.25 to 90. 53μg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg dried extract (DE). DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and RP assay were in the range of 18.76 to 93.98, 48.91 to 163.73, 3.80 to 132.29 and 26.32 to 80.08 μg ascorbic acid equivalent (ASCE)/mg DE, respectively. Among the five countries, safflower seed collected from Iran had the highest levels of serotonin derivatives and antioxidant activities than other countries (p<0.05). CS showed high correlation with TPC, ABTS and DPPH (r=0.673,0.727,0.820), and FS showed high correlation with DPPH (r=0.740). Accessions IT321214 and IT321215 could be useful for development of new functional materials and could be used as a source of valuable natural antioxidant materials.
Diversity analysis of Selected Solanum species in Sri Lanka using molecular and morphological descriptors

The family Solanaceae is composed of a broad list of species, which includes both commercial and wild accessions with enormous medicinal importance. The published phylogenies on Sri Lankan wild and naturalized Solanum spp. confers that S. hispidum, and S. torvum are sister species. However, this has not been proved using multiple barcoding markers. Moreover, S. torvum, an underutilized crop is expected to contain multiple varieties. However, varietal descriptions using morphological and DNA markers have not been done so far. Therefore, our study was aimed at accurate identification of four Solanum spp. found in Sri Lanka (S. torvum ‘Bindu’ and landraces S. hispidum and S. pubescens) using chloroplast marker based DNA barcoding combined with a morphological description. We used 29 quantitative and 22 qualitative parameters, comprised of vegetative and reproductive traits along with eight DNA barcoding markers. We sequenced rbcL and trnL-F to check the DNA polymorphisms. According to the combined morphological analysis of reproductive and vegetative parameters, the four species clustered separately. There were no separation observed between S. torvum and S. hispidum. Solanum pubescens diverged out and claddedwith old world nightshades in molecular analysis. These results are in line with published literature and validates that trnL-trnF could be used as a potential marker to carry out a combined DNA barcoding analysis with matK. However, trnL-trnF could not be used to discriminate between S. torvum and S. hispidum species.
A rural population survey of soft tissue rheumatic pain in Shantou,China

Objective To assess the prevalence of soft tissue rheumatism(STR) in the adult general population of Shantou rural area,southern China.Methods A total of 2 350 subjects(1 144 men,1206 women) aged ≥16 years in a village of Chenghai Distric,Shantou area,were surveyed.Modified COPCORD core questionnaire was implemented.Significant variables such as age,sex,body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),and occupation et al,were included in logistic regression model for further analysis.Results Prevalence rate of STR in this rural population was 5.74%,and the prevalence in women and in men were 7.88% and 3.50% respectively,with a tendency of being increased with age.Lateral epicondylitis(tennis elbow),rotator cuff(shoulder) tendinitis,metatarsalgia,digital flexor tenosynovitis,and plantar fasciitis were the commonly seen STR,with a prevalence of 0.98%,0.89%,0.72%,0.68% and 0.68% respectively.Fibromyalgia is rare,and only 2 cases were found.Logistic regression analysis showed a significant positive association of age,female sex and occupation with STR.Conclusion In Shantou rural area,STR is a common condition in the population,and fibromyalgia was seldom seen.Aging,female sex and occupation might be the associated risk factors of STR.
A genetically adaptable strategy for ribose scavenging in a human gut symbiont plays a diet-dependent role in colon colonization

Efficient nutrient acquisition in the competitive human gut is essential for microbial persistence. While polysaccharides have been well-studied nutrients for the gut microbiome, other resources such as co-factors and nucleic acids have been less examined. We describe a series of ribose utilization systems (RUSs) that are broadly represented in Bacteroidetes and appear to have diversified to allow access to ribose from a variety of substrates. One Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron RUS variant is critical for competitive gut colonization in a diet-specific fashion. Using molecular genetics, we probed the nature of the ribose source underlying this diet-specific phenotype, revealing that hydrolytic functions in RUS (e.g., to cleave ribonucleosides) are present but dispensable. Instead, ribokinases that are activated in vivo and participate in cellular ribose-phosphate metabolism are essential. Our results underscore the extensive mechanisms that gut symbionts have evolved to access nutrients and how metabolic context determines the impact of these functions in vivo.
Prevalence of obesity and hypertension among children and adolescents in Xi'an

Objective To investigate and analyze the rates of obesity and the relationship between blood pressure and BMI among children and adolescent in Xi'an.Methods Based on the physical examination data of primary and middle school students of Xincheng area in Xi'an city in 2010,investigate the rates of overweight,obesity and hypertension and statistic analysis the differences between male and female.The rates of high blood pressure among BMI normal,overweight and obesity group were analyzed.Results The overall prevalence rate of overweight was 13.7%,male and female was 16.5% and 10.6% respectively(P0.01). The overall rate of obesity was 9.4%,male and female was 11.9% and 6.4% respectively(P0.01). The rate of high blood pressure was 6.2%,male and female was 8.03% and 3.96% respectively(P0.01). The rate of high blood pressure was 3.6%,10.4% and 23.1% among normal,overweight and obesity groups respectively(P0.01). Conclusion The current rate of obesity and high blood pressure among children and adolescents in Xi'an city was still in the high prevalence of level.BMI is closely related to high blood pressure among children and adolescents.
EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Cestrum nocturnum FLOWERS CULTIVATED IN IRAQ AS ANTIOXIDANT AND ELONGATION COLD STORAGE PERIOD OF MINCED MEAT

The aim of this study is extraction, estimation and identification of volatile oil in flowers Cestrum nocturnum plant, and study the antioxidant effect of oil it’s effect on the chemical properties of minced cattle meat which was stored on fridge to elongation period of cold storage. Steam distillation method was used to extraction volatile oil and gaze chromatography-Mass (GC-Mass) to estimate quantitative and qualitative active compounds in oil, Using diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) and ascorbic acid as a positive comparison was determined the antioxidant effect. Some chemical testes was done on minced cattle meat by used 200mg\ml from oil under 4 ̊c for (0,3,7 and 10). The results showed that volatile oil containing 39 compounds but oleic acid is more than other compounds (24,49%),then the oil has antioxidant effect 100% at 100μl\ml. The results of oil effect on minced cattle meat was showed decreased on thiobarbituric acid(TBA) and total violate nitrogen (TVN) under 4 ̊c after 15 day, but the pH value was not changed. The volatile oil of Cestrum nocturnum flowers had antioxidant activity and mixing of this oil with minced cattle meat led to increase of period of save to 15 day .
Genotypic variation for phenolic compounds in developing and whole seeds, and storage conditions influence visual seed quality of yellow dry bean genotypes

Abstract: Seed coat colour is an important determinant of the visual quality of dry beans, as seeds are sold as a dry commodity. Phenolic compounds have a major effect on the colour of bean seeds. The objectives of the study were to determine the changes in phenolic compounds during seed development and in whole seeds of yellow bean genotypes with contrasting seed coat colour, and the effects of storage temperature and duration on seed phenolics and colour. Condensed tannin, phenolic acid, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were observed as early as 10 d after flowering in the developing seeds of Arikara Yellow, which darken at harvest and during postharvest storage. In contrast, for CDC Sol and AAC Y073 seeds which remain yellow, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were consistently low. Seed brightness (L*) and yellow colour (b*) were negatively correlated with phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, and conversely seed redness (a*) was positively correlated with phenolic compounds, confirming a negative influence of phenolic compounds on seed coat colour. Yellow bean genotypes had low anthocyanin but were high in β-carotene. Storage temperature influenced condensed tannin and seed coat colour, whereas the duration of storage influenced phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and seed coat colour. Higher temperatures (20 or 30 °C) and longer storage duration (120 or 180 d) generally resulted in darker seeds with increasing redness compared with seeds stored at 6 °C or for 60 d. AAC Y073 and CDC Sol with improved seed coat colour may increase consumer preference, value, and marketability of yellow beans.
Antibacterial Activity of Fermenting Unripe Pawpaw Parts (Carica papaya) against Some Enteric Bacteria

This research work was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of fermenting Carica papaya parts on some enteric organisms and their proximate and phytochemical screening. The unripe Carica papaya parts used were obtained from the Federal University of Technology Akure and the test organisms used are clinical isolates gotten from State Specialist Hospital, Akure. The unripe Carica papaya was separated into the leaves, peel, pulp and seed. It was then soaked in distilled water in separate fermenting jars for seven days. The following readings were taken daily; pH, titratable acidity while the Antibacterial effect of the fermenting slurry was monitored on day 1, 3, 5 and 7, using the agar well diffusion method. The result obtained showed that the pH decreases while the titratable acidity increases daily respectively. The zones of inhibition observed in the isolates were highest on day 3 and day 5, showing that the water from the fermenting unripe Carica papaya is more effective against the enteric isolates used for this research on day 3 and day 5. Therefore, water from fermenting unripe Carica papaya parts may be effective in treating infections from enteric organisms on day 3 and day 5. The peel and pulp were observed to be more effective while the seed had no antibacterial activity. Phytochemical analysis showed that the plant parts contained these active ingredients at various concentrations; alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides and phenols.
Survey on Specificity Antibody Against Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

Objective: To investigate the feature of blood specificity antibody against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) virus in the patients. Methods:The blood antibody titer against HFRS were tested with IFAT in the patients including who recovered 1-5 years ago. Results: The antibody (IgG) positive rate of 55 patients was 90.91 %, of 61 patients who recovered from HFRS 1-5 years ago was 88.52 %. Conclusion:The pationts can produce corresponding specificity antibody and have lasting immunity. The titer of blood antibody keeps higher level,but it reduces gradually.
Inversions shape the divergence of Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis on multiple timescales

By shaping meiotic recombination, chromosomal inversions can influence genetic exchange between hybridizing species. Despite the recognized importance of inversions in evolutionary processes such as divergence and speciation, teasing apart the effects of inversions over time remains challenging. Many recent studies have examined gene exchange between hybridizing species and observed higher divergence associated with inversion polymorphisms in hybrids. Studies have attributed such patterns either to interspecies gene flow homogenizing collinear regions or to pre-speciation segregation of inversion polymorphisms in the ancestral population. We provide a comprehensive look into the influence of chromosomal inversions on gene flow throughout the evolutionary history of a classic system: Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis. We acquired extensive whole-genome sequence data to report patterns of introgression and divergence with respect to chromosomal arrangement. Curiously, divergence measures to D. persimilis are higher for allopatric than sympatric D. pseudoobscura populations in both inverted and collinear regions, which could indicate recent gene exchange that affects even inverted regions. However, consideration of ancestral inversion polymorphisms and different evolutionary rates in these populations reveals that recent gene exchange is a major but not the sole driver of variation in overall sequence divergence. Overall, we show that inversions have contributed to divergence patterns between Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis over three distinct timescales: 1) pre-speciation segregation of ancestral polymorphism, 2) post-speciation ancient gene flow, and 3) recent introgression. We discuss these results in terms of our understanding of evolution in this classic system and provide cautions for interpreting divergence measures in similar datasets in other systems.
Book Review: Guidelines for Preclinical Evaluation and Clinical Trials in Osteoporosis

Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure: Dosing Guidelines for Adults. 4th Edition By George R Aronoff MD FACP, Jeffrey S Berns MD FACP, Michael E Brier PhD, Thomas A Golper MD, Gail Morrison MD FACP, Irwin Singer MD FACP, Suzanne K Swan MD FACP, and William M Bennett MD FACP. Published by the American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, 1999. ISBN 0-943126-76-2. Paperbound, 176 pp. (21 × 12 cm), $28.