Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing Legitimacy Through Conventionality Rather Than Alignment: Anti-Corruption at Family Versus Non-Family Firms

Organizations have to manage their legitimacy by conforming with societal expectations. Existing research usually equates conformity with similarity across organizations, referred to as ‘alignment’. However, recent research suggests that, next to alignment, there is another form of conformity that it is motivated by organizations’ intent to stand out from their peers, labelled ‘conventionality’. We study the choice between alignment versus conventionality approaches to conformity taking the case of business ethics in the context of anti-corruption. Exploring the role of firm ownership, we argue that family firms engage more in conventionality rather than alignment to secure legitimacy compared to non-family firms. Moreover, family firms’ preference of conventionality over alignment does not vanish with increasing firm size, but even intensifies. We test our hypotheses using survey responses of top managers in Germany and Switzerland and contribute to research on strategic conformity, family firms, and institutional theory.
Unhappy with Semi-Parametrics? A Replication Study of a Life-Satisfaction Analysis.

Functional form specification is an important issue in econometrics. While non-parametric techniques can partially solve this problem by relaxing the assumptions on any explicit functional form, it is at the cost of easy interpretation and also facing the curse of dimensionality. The semi-parametric techniques are introduced as a way of circumventing these shortcomings. However, the non-parametric part of the model is particularly sensitive to model assumptions in the parametric part. In the recent literature on life-satisfaction these methods have been used without taking sufficient care. It will be shown how this can easily, though not necessarily, lead to erroneous conclusions.
Fund Manager Skill in an Era of Globalization: Offshore Concentration and Fund Performance

We study how mutual fund managers gain an edge in selecting stocks in an era of globalization. We use textual analysis to construct a new measure that captures a mutual fund’s offshore exposure concentration through holding U.S. multinational firms. The proposed offshore concentration index (OCI) is distinct from existing measures of investment skills. More importantly, funds with a higher offshore concentration index are associated with significantly better fund performance, with the difference in four-factor alpha between the top and bottom OCI deciles amounting to 2.95% per annum. Fund managers’ overweighing of firms with operations in certain countries can be partly attributed to their foreign ethnicity. Our study uncovers an important source of fund manager skill, which is of particular importance in an era of globalization.
Asymmetries, compartments and null interactions in an Amazonian ant-plant community

In the tropics, many plants offer housing and food for their specialized ant partners which, in return, offer benefit in the form of defence and/or nutrients, thus forming mutualistic bonds. Such ant-plants, also called myrmecophytes, occur together at a local scale, generating community patterns of mutualistic ant-plant associations. Here, we present the first fully quantitative description of an ant-myrmecophyte community. The study site in Central Amazonian tropical rainforest had a high myrmecophyte density of about 380 ind. ha -1 . Sixteen myrmecophyte and 25 ant species were recorded, the species abundance rank curves being highly uneven. The ant-myrmecophyte matrix was highly compartmentalized, and a Monte Carlo simulation showed that the observed pattern was not a product of chance and sample size (P < 0.0001). Cluster analyses indicated that compartments were partially explained by occurrence of the ants in phylogenetically related host plants, but not by habitat specificity. The connectance of the ant-plant community was 12%. This value seems quite low when compared with published results from other mutualistic systems (pollinator and seed-dispersor), after controlling for the total number of interacting species. The high frequency of null interactions in the ant-myrmecophyte system could not be explained by the 'phenological non-coincidence hypothesis', since both ant and plant partners occur together throughout the year. Ant-plant interactions were highly asymmetrical: ant species had fewer partners than plant species and ants were more dependent on the plants than the reverse. These asymmetries are in the opposite direction to those recorded for plant-pollinators and plant-dispersors; however, they seem to be the product of the same underlying process: differential fitness benefits between mutualistic partners. The low number of ant and plant partners per compartment, coupled with an apparently high temporal and spatial stability of ant-myrmecophyte interactions, suggests that compartments are the appropriate scale at which to investigate coevolution in ant-myrmecophyte systems.
Revisiting the Efficiency of Competitive Markets: The Incentive to Social Communication

This paper revisits the efficiency of a rational expectations equilibrium model of a competitive market from the perspective of the incentive to social communication. The classical result tells us that the equilibrium price perfectly reveals all dispersed information in the market when the supply of the risky asset is a constant, but does not in the environment of random supply. As opposite to this finding, in this paper we show that for some cases the equilibrium price still perfectly reveals all private information of traders when taking into account the incentive to social communication. Specifically, we show that when the communication cost and the difference between traders' signal precisions are small, traders have the incentive to take the average of all traders' demands, that is, the per-capita supply to improve social welfare and every individual trader's welfare. Knowing the supply information reduces the equilibrium price to be a perfect aggregator again even though the supply of the risky asset is stochastic.
Long Term Effects of Health Investments and Parental Favoritism: The Case of Breastfeeding

This paper re-examines the effects of breastfeeding on long term educational outcomes using longitudinal data on siblings. While family fixed effects allow controls for all shared family factors, these estimators are sensitive to compensating or reinforcing behaviors by parents. These biases may be particularly important for estimating the effects of parental investment such as breast feeding, where sibling discordance may be difficult to treat as a random outcome and may result in persistence in differential investments between siblings. This paper uses a unique question asked to adolescent siblings about parental favoritism to adjust for potential reinforcing behavior by parents. Standard fixed effects estimates suggest important long term educational effects of breastfeeding, however these effects are uniformly eliminated after focusing on families who treat siblings equally. These findings shed light on the mechanisms linking associations between breastfeeding and longer term outcomes.
The Transformative Effect of Investments in Territorial Capital on Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Rural Mexico

Within the rural development debate, there has been increasing call for a stronger territorial focus that emphasizes the utilization and development of local resources along with the demands of community members. This study evaluates the impact of a poverty reduction program on two well-being dimensions: income and consumption in education and health. The empirical analysis uses a primary dataset of 2,234 beneficiary and non-beneficiary households residing in rural areas of Mexico. The results offer valuable insights on how poverty reduction programs can improve the well-being level in the targeted communities through capability-building interventions linked to investments in two forms of territorial capital, namely human capital and productive assets.
Agaricus brasiliensis mycelium supplementation in Sarcoma 180tumour-bearing mice reverses the immune response induced by the tumour

Abstract The biological properties of Agaricus brasiliensis mycelium, including their immuno-stimulating and anti-tumour activities, have previously been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term intake of A. brasiliensis mycelium cultivated on wheat grains by solid-state culture on tumour growth and immune response in Sarcoma 180 tumour-bearing mice. Mice received dietary supplementation with 100% or 50% Agaricus mycelium cultivated on wheat grains for 14 weeks and were inoculated with Sarcoma 180 tumours. We found that A. brasiliensis had anti-tumour activity, and that dietary supplementation with a 50% concentration (A50S) prevented loss of body weight, inhibited tumour growth, induced the increase of CD4+ T cells and CD25+ CD4+ T subsets in peripheral organs and downregulated Tumor necrosis factor alpha production in plasma. Our results confirm that dietary supplementation with Agaricus may offer immuno-modulatory activity and protection against tumour growth.
Menstrual Hygiene and Practices among Un-Married Adolescent Girls in Nanded District of Maharashtra State

Menstruation related hygiene and practices are the very sensitive and important issue regarding the healt of the girls. The present study assessed menstruation related hygiene and practice among un-married adolescent girls of Nanded district.The study adopted community based cross-sectional approach, 428 respondents were selected using a multistage stratified random sampling method. The participants overall mean age at menarche was 12.5. Around 16.5 percent of the adolescent girls using sanitary pads, 36.7 percent were using only cloths and 46.8 percent of the respondents were using both cloth and sanitary pads. Most of Hindus and Christian girls were using cloths during menses; more number of the Muslim respondents was using sanitary pads. Using cloth was highest among Scheduled caste respondents followed by Scheduled tribes. The girls should be educated about the process of menstruation, use of sanitary pads and its proper disposal.
Effect of food on development of the Melolonta hippocastani F. beetles (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae)

Wpływ pokarmu na rozwój chrząszczy chrabąszcza kasztanowca (Melolontha hippocastani F.) (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) Effect of food on development of the Melolonta hippocastani F. beetles (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) This paper presents the results of the studies of life duration, survival, weight and fecundity of the forest cockchafer Melolontha hippocastani beetles feeding on Quercus robur, Carpinus betulus, Betula pendula and Alnus glutinosa. Beetles were collected from soil in mid April 2009, before their emergence. Five males and five females per tree species in 6 replications were reared from 28 April through 4 May 2009. Ten females were taken out from each tree species on 5 May for individual rearing and fecundity estimation. Observations were conducted till 17 June. Average life duration of females was 23.6, 20, 19.3 and 11.1 days on oak, birch, hornbeam and alder leaves, respectively. Lifetime of males was shorter than of females on all tree species except oak. Survival of both males and females was the highest on oak, whereas the mortality on alder reached 100% after 10 days in males and after 15 days in females. Substantial changes in a weight was observed mainly during the first six days of rearing. An increase of female weight was 37.3, 20.7, 14.2 and 4.2% on oak, hornbeam, birch and alder leaves, respectively. The significant increase on oak was observed already after two days. Changes in weight on birch and alder were not significant. Female weight on oak was significantly higher than on birch and alder leaves. Females on the hornbeam grew slightly better than on the latter species and slightly worse than on oak. Contrary to expectations the male weight decreased with time, although significant changes were only on birch and alder leaves. Nine of 10 females feeding on oak leaves deposited 15-68 eggs/female (37.4 eggs/female on the average), whereas there was the only one female that laid eggs among those feeding on hornbeam leaves. Females on birch and alder did not deposit eggs at all. Oak leaves appeared to be the most favorable food for the forest cockchafer beetles in relation to life duration, survival, weight and fecundity, whereas alder was the least suitable. Obtained results will be useful in tree species selection for reforestation, particularly in regions highly infested by forest cockchafers.
Development of Social Policy As Theory and Practice in Bulgaria

The development of social policy in Bulgaria is closely related to social and economic development of the country but it is also influenced by the common European trends and priorities in last decades. Current study examines the theory and the practice of social policy in the context of its broader understanding focusing on active policy and especially considering employment encouragement and skills management. Main conclusions put the accent on the advantages of active policy and the importance of following a purposeful policy for raising employability and developing a functioning labor market.
Fine‐scale ecological and genetic variation in a Chorthippus grasshopper hybrid zone

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Replicating Anomalies

Most anomalies fail to hold up to currently acceptable standards for empirical finance. With microcaps mitigated via NYSE breakpoints and value-weighted returns, 65% of the 452 anomalies in our extensive data library, including 96% of the trading frictions category, cannot clear the single test hurdle of the absolute $t$-value of 1.96. Imposing the higher multiple test hurdle of 2.78 at the 5% significance level raises the failure rate to 82%. Even for replicated anomalies, their economic magnitudes are much smaller than originally reported. In all, capital markets are more efficient than previously recognized. Received June 12, 2017; editorial decision October 29, 2018 by Editor Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Causes of Socioeconomic Cybercrime in Nigeria.

The causations of crimes that are relevant in the cyberspace concurrently impact in the physical space and vice versa. This paper aims to explore parents’ perceptions of the factors that cause socioeconomic cybercrime in Nigeria. Despite a long-standing view that the juvenile offenders of today could become the hardened criminals of tomorrow, and the conclusions of a number of developmental theories on the stability of delinquency across the life course, the existing data on cybercrimes in Nigeria have principally been derived from studies involving university students. Yet, individuals’ moral-standard-levels, which shape their offending capacities, are mostly developed in childhood. The empirical basis for this paper is face-to-face interviews with 17 Nigerian parents regarding children’s vulnerability to involvement in cybercrime. Drawing upon qualitative data, this paper argues that a complex web of familial factors and structural forces, alongside cultural forces, explains the degree of cybercrime involvement on the part of Nigerian youths.
Thermal Sensitivity as a Specialization for Prey Capture and Feeding in Snakes

Behavior can be regarded as a result of various processes of decision based on the information provided by the sensory organs. In this review the role of the so-called additional heat sense, next to vision, smell and mechanoreception is discussed with respect to the feeding behavior of snakes. The hierarchy of the sensory information in various phases of the feeding behavior differs between snakes possessing heat receptors ( e.g. , species of the Crotalinae and Pythoninae) and those without ( e.g. , species of the Viperinae and Colubrinae). Probably depending on the influence of ecological demands, visual or chemical cues are the main information in the behavioral phases before the strike However, in situations with little visual input, e.g. , in darkness, rodents' burrows, etc., hunting behavior is guided in the first place by radiation of warm objects in Crotalus, Python and Trimeresurus flavoviridis , and by substrate vibrations in Vipera aspis, Pituophis melanoleucus and Boa constrictor . I suggest that in the sensory hierarchy, heat information functionally replaces the mechanical information which is utilized by snakes without pit organs. Poststrike behavior on the other hand is mainly guided by chemical cues in all snakes.
Warm-Glow Giving: Earned Money and the Option to Take

Giving (warm-glow plus purely altruistic giving) in the dictator game has been shown to vary with the nature of the endowment (house versus earned money), the action set (giving only versus the option to take), and the type of recipient (anonymous participants versus a charity). The contribution of this paper is that it is the first to test if these three factors similarly affect warm-glow giving alone. There is no reason that one would expect the same outcomes given that the motivations for warm-glow giving are different from the motivations for purely altruistic giving. Using the Crumpler and Grossman (2008) design for testing for warm-glow giving, we examine the relative effect of earned versus house money endowments on warm-glow giving with two decision frames: one in which participants can only give to charity, and a second with a symmetric decision space in which participants can either give to or take from a charity. Finally, we conduct additional sessions in which participants are paired with other participants rather than with a charity. We find that giving to charity not only persists but actually increases when the endowment is earned, but giving to another participant decreases with earned endowments. The option to take does reduce warm-glow giving to charity, but significant giving remains.
Recolonization Patterns of Ants in a Rehabilitated Lignite Mine in Central Italy: Potential for the Use of Mediterranean Ants as Indicators of Restoration Processes

Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) assemblages were sampled with pitfall traps in three different habitats associated with a rehabilitated mine district and in undisturbed forests in Tuscany, Italy. The four habitats were (1) open fields (3–4 years old); (2) a middle‐age mixed plantation (10 years); (3) an old‐age mixed plantation (20 years); and (4) an oak woodland (40 years) not directly affected by mining activities. The aim of the study was to analyze ant recolonization patterns in order to provide insights on the use of Mediterranean ant fauna as indicators of restoration processes. Species richness and diversity were not significantly different among the four habitats. However, multivariate analyses showed that the assemblages in the different habitats were clearly differentiated, with similarity relationships reflecting a successional gradient among rehabilitated sites. The observed patterns of functional group changes along the gradient broadly accord with those of previous studies in other biogeographic regions. These were (1) a decrease of dominant Dolichoderinae and opportunists; (2) an increase in the proportion of cold‐climate specialists; and (3) the appearance of the Cryptic species in the oldest plantations, with a maximum of abundance in the woodland. In conclusion, the results of our study supported the use of Mediterranean ants as a suitable tool for biomonitoring of restoration processes, and in particular, the functional group approach proved a valuable framework to better interpret local trends in terms of global ecological patterns. Further research is, however, needed in order to obtain a reliable classification of Mediterranean ant functional groups.
Rent Creation and Sharing: New Measures and Impacts on TFP

This analysis proposes new measures of rent creation or (notional) mark-up and workers’ share of rents on cross-country-industry panel data. While the usual measures of mark-up rate implicitly assume perfect labor markets, our approach relaxes this assumption, and takes into account that part of firms’ rent created in an industry is shared with workers to an extent which can vary with their skills. Our results are based on a cross-country-industry panel covering 14 OECD countries and 19 industries over the 1985-2005 period. In a first part of our analysis we draw on OECD indicators of product and labor market (anticompetitive) regulations to test how they are related to our new measures of mark-up and rent-sharing. We find that anti-competitive Non-Manufacturing Regulations (NMR) affect mark-up rates positively, and hence firms’ rent creation and workers’ share of rent, whereas Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) has no impact on rent creation, but boosts workers’ wages per hour. However, we observe that these wage increases are offset by a negative impact from EPL on hours worked per output unit, leading to a non-significant impact of EPL on workers’ share of rents. The effects of EPL for low-skilled workers appear to be more pronounced than those for medium-skilled workers, both being much greater than for highly-skilled workers. In the second part of our analysis, we estimate the impacts of our new measures on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the framework of a straightforward regression model. We use the OECD regulations indicators as relevant instrument to take care of endogeneity and to make sure that the resulting estimates assess the proper regulation impacts of rent creation and sharing without being biased by other confounding effects. We find that less competition in the product and labor markets as assessed by our measures of mark-up and workers’ share of rents have both substantial negative impacts on TFP.