Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A retrospective analysis of molecular testing in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules with histologic correlation: Experience at a heterogenous multihospital system

Thyroid malignancy is one of the most common types of cancer in developed nations. Currently, fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most practical screening test for thyroid nodules. However, cytologically indeterminate samples comprise approximately 15%–30% of cases. These include cases classified as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), follicular neoplasm (FN), and suspicious for malignancy (SFM). Indeterminate cases can be sent for molecular testing for more definitive classification to help guide management and prevent overtreatment of benign thyroid nodules. We conducted a retrospective review on molecular testing of indeterminate thyroid FNAC and reviewed subsequent histologic diagnoses in resection specimens to assess how molecular testing supported a diagnosis and its effect on clinical management of patients at our institution.
Pediatric chronic kidney disease: blood cell count indexes as inflammation markers

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a progressive decline of kidney functions. In childhood, the main triggering factors are congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) and glomerulopathies. Inflammatory responses present challenges for diagnosis and staging, which justifies studies on biomarkers/indexes. Aim: To define blood cell count indexes and verify their association with pediatric CKD etiology and staging. The included indexes were: Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Derived Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (dNLR), Lymphocyte-Monocyte Ratio (LMR), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI), and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII). Methods: We determined the indexes in 52 pediatric CKD patients and 33 healthy controls by mathematical calculation. CKD patients were separated in five groups based on the etiology and staging: Group IA: glomerulopathies at stage 1 or 2; IB: glomerulopathies at stage 3 or 4; IIA: CAKUT at stage 1 or 2; IIB: CAKUT at stage 3 or 4; and III: stages 3 or 4 of other etiologies. In addition, we combined all patients with CKD in one group (IV). Group V was a healthy control group. Results: Lower values of LMR were observed for groups IB and IIB compared to group V (p = 0.047, p = 0.031, respectively). Increased values of SIRI were found for group III versus group V (p = 0.030). There was no difference for other indexes when the groups were compared two by two. Conclusion: The LMR and SIRI indexes showed promising results in the evaluation of inflammation, as they correlated with CKD etiologies and specially staging in these patients.
On the retrieval of earliest memories

ABSTRACT Earliest memories were examined with respect to recollection type (i.e., remember-know), retrieval type (i.e., direct-generative), retrieval speed, and memory fluency (i.e., phonemic, semantic, and autobiographical). A total of 137 young adults (94 females; Mage = 20.47, SDage = 1.57) reported their earliest memories and specified their recollection and retrieval types for reported memories. They further dated their recollections by reporting the age at event, rated event characteristics and completed the phonemic, semantic, and autobiographical memory fluency tasks. Remembered and known earliest memories were similar in retrieval speed, but remembered memories were more prevalent. For retrieval type, direct and generative retrieval were similar in prevalence, but direct retrieval was faster in recalling the earliest memories. Directly retrieved memories were dated earlier than generated ones, but no such pattern in dating was observed for remember-know distinction. In terms of memory fluency, none of the three fluency tasks predicted the retrieval speed, recollection and retrieval type. For event characteristics, significant differences were observed only for vividness and rehearsal for both retrieval and recollection type. The present study is the first to explore recollection and retrieval type, retrieval speed, memory fluency together with dating and event characteristics in the context of earliest memories.
DWELL: Design for WELLness. A pilot study of an online Facebook intervention to improve perceptions of knowledge, engagement, and self-efficacy in the creation of healthy home environments

Background Many factors in the environment influence healthy behaviors. Designing user-friendly environments, by changing the way choices are presented in the environment, may result in behavioral changes and promote the well-being. Objectives To run a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of DWELL (Design for WELLness), which is an online Facebook intervention to improve perceptions of knowledge, engagement, and self-efficacy in the creation of healthy home environments. Methods Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to evaluate this 7.5-week pilot study. The intervention was conducted during the first wave of COVID-19 lockdown in Israel. Participants answered an online questionnaire at the beginning and end of the pilot. Afterwards, eleven semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with some of the participants. Results There were 36 mothers who participated in the study. The overall DWELL index increased by 15.43 points (p < 0.001) from the beginning of the pilot [Mean(SD) = 48.14(17.91)] to the end [Mean(SD) = 63.57(11.98]. There were significant increases in all 5 items of DWELL (p < 0.05). Positive feedback was obtained from interviewees about their experience with the program, including being interested with the posts and having a mutual learning experience with other members. The intervention was found to be beneficial to most families during COVID-19 lockdown time. Conclusions DWELL was found to be a promising intervention for improving perceptions regarding designing home environments for wellness. These results justified the continuation of the program toward its next phase of the RCT.
Diversity and spatiotemporal dynamics of fish communities in the Chongqing section of the upper Yangtze River based on eDNA metabarcoding

Abstract Fish diversity plays a critical role in maintaining the balance of water ecosystems, especially in the Chongqing section of the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fishes in the upper Yangtze River, which serves as an important habitat for rare and endemic fish, as well as an important channel for the replenishment of fishery resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Under a 10‐year ban on fishing in the Yangtze River basin, we investigate fish diversity and seasonal variation in the Reserve by using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. We found fishes belonging to 85 genera, 24 families, and 8 orders in the Reserve. A comparison of eDNA metabarcoding results with the diversity of a recent fish catch revealed that eDNA metabarcoding not only enables rapid and efficient fish monitoring but also has a high sensitivity. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that eDNA metabarcoding can be used as a tool for monitoring seasonal variations of fish composition in freshwater ecosystems. The alpha and beta diversity analysis both showed compositional differences in the fish community in accordance with seasonal variations. In addition, changes in eDNA relative sequence abundance and the detection of fish species at different sampling sites may reflect shifts in habitat use and distribution. Thus, we provide detailed seasonal data on fish diversity in the Chongqing section of the Reserve. This will contribute to conservation and to the understanding of fish diversity and community dynamics in the Chongqing section of the Reserve.
Shining a light on elusive lynx: Density estimation of three Eurasian lynx populations in Ukraine and Belarus

Abstract The Eurasian lynx is a large carnivore widely distributed across Eurasia. However, our understanding of population status is heterogeneous across their range, with some populations isolated that are at risk of reduced genetic variation and a complete lack of information about others. In many European countries, Eurasian lynx are monitored through demographic studies crucial for their conservation and management. Even so, there are only rough and fragmented population assessments from Ukraine and Belarus, despite strict protection in both countries and their importance for lynx connectivity across Europe. We monitored lynx from October 2020 to March 2021 and used camera trapping in combination with spatial capture–recapture (SCR) methods in a Bayesian framework to provide the first SCR density estimation of three lynx populations across Ukraine and Belarus, including the Ukrainian Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, southern Belarus and the Ukrainian Carpathians. Our density estimates varied within our study areas ranging from 0.45 to 1.54 individuals/100 km2. This work provides a substantial scientific component to the overall understanding of lynx conservation for a region where only broad information is available and opens the doors for further large‐scale monitoring and trend assessments. The crucial information we provide can greatly enhance the range‐wide assessments of the status of this protected species. We also discuss the implications for Eurasian lynx conservation, despite the geopolitical realities impacting species monitoring in the region. Our work serves as a baseline, not only for future conservation interventions but also to evaluate the effects of disturbance and threats to these protected populations.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Body Mass Index (BMI) When Diagnosing Obesity in a Saudi Adult Population in a Primary Care Setting, Cross Sectional, Retrospective Study Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy

Background: Obesity is a risk factor that leads to many chronic diseases and, unfortunately, its prevalence in Saudi Arabia is on the rise. To successfully manage obesity and its complications, patient must be accurately diagnosed. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of body mass index (BMI) when diagnosing obesity within the Saudi population using body fat percentage (BF%) as the gold standard. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that includes a calculated sample size of 942 subjects. Subjects were recruited from family medicine clinics that were linked to King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January 2005 to March 2016. BF% was estimated using DEXA scan. The diagnostic accuracy of BMI was assessed by using the WHO and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology (AACE/ACE) reference standard for obesity of BF% >25% in men and >35% for women. Results: Findings indicate, out of the study population, 29% of men and 53% of women are obese using BMI-de ﬁ ned obesity cut-off point 30 kg/m 2 . The prevalence of obesity was 83.9% and 97.3% in men and women, respectively, using BF%-de ﬁ ned obesity, which corresponds to BMI cut-off of 24 kg/m 2 . Even when considering the highest acceptable BF% based on the mean age of our participants (33% for men and 43% for women), the BMI cut-off to diagnose obesity should not exceed 27 kg/m 2 among men and women in Saudi Arabia. Conclusion: The accuracy of BMI 30 kg/m 2 to diagnose obesity among the Saudi population is limited. We have to lower the BMI cut-off point to improve its sensitivity as a screening tool for obesity. Our study suggests that the BMI cut-off point among Saudis and possibly the Arab population should not exceed 27 kg/m 2 for both sexes.
Horizontal viewsheds of large herbivores as a function of woodland structure

Abstract There is great potential for the use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to quantify aspects of habitat structure in the study of animal ecology and behaviour. Viewsheds—the area visible from a given position—influence an animal's perception of risk and ability to respond to potential danger. The management and conservation of large herbivores and their habitats can benefit greatly from understanding how vegetation structure shapes viewsheds and influences animal activity patterns and foraging behaviour. This study aimed to identify how woodland understory structure influenced horizontal viewsheds at deer eye height. Mobile TLS was used in August 2020 to quantify horizontal visibility—in the form of Viewshed Coefficients (VC)—and understory leaf area index (LAI) of 71 circular sample plots (15‐m radius) across 10 woodland sites in North Wales (UK) where fallow deer (Dama dama) are present. The plots were also surveyed in summer for woody plant size structure, stem density and bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.). Eight plots were re‐scanned twice in winter to compare seasonal VC values and assess scan consistency. Sample plots with higher densities of small stems had significantly reduced VC 1 m from the ground. Other stem size classes, mean percentage bramble cover and understory LAI did not significantly affect VC. There was no difference in VC between summer and winter scans, or between repeated winter scans. The density of small stems influenced viewsheds at deer eye height and may alter behavioural responses to perceived risk. This study demonstrates how TLS technology can be applied to address questions in large herbivore ecology and conservation.
Assessing bone mineral density in children and adolescents living with HIV and on treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in children and adolescents infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Data source: The search procedure was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. The search was carried out until April 2022 in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Embase, Cochrane Central, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Web of Science, Scopus, and MedRxiv. The combination of terms used was: (Children OR Youth OR Teenagers) AND HIV AND (Tenofovir OR “Antiretroviral therapy”) AND (“Bone density” OR Osteoporosis OR Osteopenia). The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42022312851) Data synthesis: The initial searches resulted in 1156 papers. After the exclusion of duplicate studies, three blinded reviewers analyzed the title and abstract of 563 papers, of which 57 remained to be read in full. Only nine papers met the eligibility criteria and were included in descriptive and risk-of-bias analyses. Regarding study design, four were cross-sectional, three were longitudinal before-after studies without a control group, and two were prospective cohorts. Among these nine papers, seven showed no significant association between tenofovir disoproxil fumarate use and reduced bone mass in young people. However, these papers did not have high methodological quality. Conclusions: Although most of the selected papers found no harmful effect of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on bone mass, further primary research with higher methodological quality is needed so robust scientific evidences can be obtained.
Patient and Physician Preferences for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Maintenance Treatments Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Purpose This study assessed and compared preferences for treatment attributes of maintenance therapies post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in physicians who treat these patients. Patients and Methods Patients with AML post HSCT and physicians from the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia (physicians only) completed a web-based discrete choice experiment (DCE). The DCE used inputs identified via a targeted literature review and qualitative interviews to ascertain relevant treatment attributes and associated levels. Six treatment attributes were selected (chance of 2-year relapse-free survival, quality of life [QoL], risk of serious infections, risk of nausea, chance of achieving transfusion independence, and duration of hospitalization annually), each with three or four levels. The experimental design included 36 choice tasks that presented a pair of hypothetical treatment profiles with varying attribute levels; participants chose a preferred treatment for each choice task. Choice tasks were divided into three blocks of 12 tasks each in the patient survey and 4 blocks of 9 tasks each in the physician survey; survey participants were randomly assigned to one of the blocks. Random parameter logit regression models were used to assess the impact of stated attributes on preferences for maintenance treatment post HSCT. Results Surveys from 84 patients and 149 physicians were assessed. For patients, QoL was the most important attribute, followed by duration of hospitalization and chance of 2-year relapse-free survival. For physicians, chance of 2-year relapse-free survival was the most important attribute, followed by QoL and risk of serious infections. Conclusion Differences in how patients and physicians valued post-HSCT maintenance treatment attributes were identified. These differences suggest that patient-centered decision-making may help physicians choose maintenance treatments for patients with AML post HSCT that better meet their treatment needs and improve their treatment satisfaction.
Computed Tomography Manifestations in Patients with Rifampin Primary Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in an Infectious Disease Hospital in the Yi Autonomous Prefecture, China

Purpose This study aimed to investigate clinical features and computed tomography (CT) manifestations of rifampicin primary drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Patients and Methods A total of 100 inpatients with confirmed primary rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis were recruited from January 2020 to December 2022 at an infectious disease hospital located in the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Additionally, 100 inpatients with confirmed drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis during the same period were matched to the rifampicin-resistant group based on gender, age, and ethnicity. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were recorded separately. Furthermore, the CT manifestations in these patients were independently analyzed by three radiologists. Results The results showed that comorbid diabetes mellitus was more prevalent in the drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) group than in the drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) group (9% vs 0%, p=0.0032). In terms of imaging presentation, DR-TB patients exhibited a higher frequency of calcifications (55% vs 35.00%, p=0.0068), greater median number of cavities (5 vs 2, p=0.0027), and larger maximum cavity diameter (52.08±25.55 mm vs 42.72±17.48 mm, p=0.0097). Additionally, bilateral involvement was more common in DR-TB patients at the site of the lesion (89% vs 76%, p=0.0246), with a higher prevalence in the right middle (82% vs 68%, p=0.0332), right lower (82% vs 68%, p=0.0332), left upper (91% vs 77%, p=0.0113), and left lower lobes (92% vs 66%, p<0.0001). Conversely, the involvement of only one lobe was less frequent in patients with DR-TB than in those with DS-TB (4% vs 13%, p=0.0398), whereas the involvement of all five lobes was more common (68% vs 51%, p=0.0209). Conclusion Patients with DR-TB exhibit a higher prevalence of severe imaging manifestations, highlighting the importance of CT in the early detection and diagnosis of DR-TB.
Spectral graph modeling reveals global slowing of neurophysiological network transmission in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, progressively impairing memory and cognition. While various neuroimaging studies have revealed functional network abnormalities in patients with AD, how these relate to aberrant neuronal circuit mechanisms remains unclear. In order to answer these questions, we employed a spectral graph‐theory based model (SGM) to identify abnormal biophysical markers of neuronal activity in AD.
Sex-Based Differences and Risk Factors for Comorbid Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study

Purpose Sex-based differences in patients with bipolar disorders (BD) are well recognized, and it is well known that the prevalence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are both higher in men than in women. Although metabolic disorders such as NAFLD are common in patients with BD, sex differences and risk factors for NAFLD comorbidity in these patients have not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in patients with comorbid NAFLD and BD and associated risk factors. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 710 patients with BD. Clinical data of patients with BD, including information on fasting glucose, liver function-related enzymes, relevant lipid data, uric acid, the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), and demographics, were derived from the hospital electronic medical record system from June 2020 to July 2022. We performed logistic regression analysis and calculated the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals of factors using t-tests, χ²-tests, and receiver operating characteristic. NAFLD was diagnosed using liver ultrasonography. Results The prevalence of NAFLD was higher in male patients with BD than in female patients (50.9% vs 38.5%), and there were significant differences in the years of education and marital status (all P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the risk factors for comorbidities were the body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, and apolipoprotein B levels in male patients and the BMI, bipolar disease course, glutamine transpeptidase levels, and the TyG in female patients. Conclusion Sex-based differences exist in risk factors and in the prevalence of comorbid NAFLD among patients with BD. BMI is a sex-independent risk factor, and clinical attention should be targeted to risk factors associated with comorbid NAFLD related to sex, especially in female patients with BD who presenting a high TyG index.
Single and Multi-Bar Beach Change Models

SHORT, A. D. and AAGAARD, T. , 1993. Single and multi-bar beach change models. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 15, 141-157. Fort Lauderdale (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper examines the development of singleand multi-bar beach change models. Single bar beach change models began with Short (1979) and evolved to their now high level of verification and acceptance. A double bar model is presented based on new field data, along with recently presented three bar models. A bar parameter (xB/g tan p Tj2) is introduced based on nearshore width (x8), gradient (fJ), and incident wave period (Tj). This parameter appears useful in deter mining the number of bars likely to form on beaches with differing gradients and wave regimes. The bar parameter (B*) and beach change models are then combined to present a beach change matrix for one, two, and three bar sequences, indicating their morphological character and envi ronmental range. Oceanic conditions with long period swell and steeper shoreface gradients favor zero, one, or two bar systems, while shorter period sea conditions combined with finer sand and lower gradients favor multi-bar systems. ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: Single, double and multi-bar beach models, bar parameter.
Site-selective Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of heteroaryl halides – understanding the trends for pharmaceutically important classes

Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of heteroaryl polyhalides with aryl boronates are surveyed. Drawing on data from literature sources and Pfizer's global chemistry RKB and CAS Scifinder® databases, factors that determine the site-selectivity of these reactions are discussed with a view to rationalising the trends.