Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Environmental Changes on the Micronesian Area: a Case Study of Islands in Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia

Various environmental changes, such as globalization and global warming, have been thought of as important factors that affect local communities and natural environments worldwide. This study focuses on three islands (Pohnpei, Mokil, and Pingelap) in Pohnpei State (one of the four Federated States of Micronesia) and discusses the influence of globalization and global warming on those islands with reference to data developed from observation of the coral reefs and from a questionnaire on food, life-style, local awareness of globalization and global warming, and their effects on the human and natural environments. Based on the results of the survey, this study tries to verify two hypotheses. The first is a "centre-periphery" hypothesis that focuses on the distance between each island and Guam, the developed core (or centre) of the Micronesian region. The "centre-periphery" hypothesis argues that the closer the islands are to an urban center, the more globalized they become; islands that are farther away from the center remain more traditional. The second hypothesis we examined assumes that the effects of global warming on each island are similar in intensity. The results of our research show that meaningful "centre-periphery" differences exist among the three islands with regards to principal diet. A meaningful correlation can be seen between those islands closer to the center and the consumption of processed foodstuff; in short, the closer an island is to the centre, the more processed foodstuff its residents consume. In general, responses to the questionnaire reveal results that are compatible with the "centre-periphery" hypotheses. There are also results that run counter to the hypotheses we tested. For example, the degree of coral cover on the islands' reefs differ; this suggests that the hypothesis about the similar intensity of global warming on all islands is not correct. We also discuss which factors have most affected the islands, and we offer an interpretation from an island- centered viewpoint that includes topics such as food, communication, and the natural environment in the Micronesian islands.
Stratification of the Low-Latitude and Near-Equatorial F2 Layer, Topside Ionization Ledge, and F3 Layer: What We Know about This? A Review

A large number of researches have been devoted to the formation of additional layers in the F region of the equatorial ionosphere, first of which has been published in 1940s. Originally the occurrence of such layer was named “stratification of equatorial F2 layer. ” The additional layer was later named as the F3 layer. The theoretical researches have shown that the F3 layer is formed by zonal component of electric field with assistance of meridional component of thermospheric wind and field-aligned plasma diffusion. The physical mechanism of the F3 layer formation is clearly formulated for the morning-noon period, although the F3 layer is also observed at other hours. This paper presents a brief review into the history of the additional layer researches, describes the current progress of these researches, and identifies the most important problems in this field of the ionospheric physics.
Foxa 2 and MafA regulate islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein gene expression

Islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP/G6PC2) is a major autoantigen in both mouse and human type 1 diabetes. IGRP is selectively expressed in islet b cells and polymorphisms in the IGRP gene have recently been associated with variations in fasting blood glucose levels and cardiovascular-associated mortality in humans. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays have shown that the IGRP promoter binds the islet-enriched transcription factors Pax-6 and BETA2. We show here, again using ChIP assays, that the IGRP promoter also binds the islet-enriched transcription factors MafA and Foxa2. Single binding sites for these factors were identified in the proximal IGRP promoter, mutation of which resulted in decreased IGRP fusion gene expression in bTC-3, Hamster insulinoma tumor (HIT), and Min6 cells. ChiP assays have shown that the islet-enriched transcription factor Pdx-1 also binds the IGRP promoter, but mutational analysis of four Pdx-1 binding sites in the proximal IGRP promoter revealed surprisingly little effect of Pdx-1 binding on IGRP fusion gene expression in bTC-3 cells. In contrast, in both HIT and Min6 cells mutation of these four Pdx-1 binding sites resulted in a w50% reduction in fusion gene expression. These data suggest that the same group of islet-enriched transcription factors, namely Pdx-1, Pax-6, MafA, BETA2, and Foxa2, directly or indirectly regulate expression of the two major autoantigens in type 1 diabetes. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology (2008) 41, 315–328
Do State and Trait Affect Measures Retain Their Measurement Properties during a Disaster? An Investigation of Measurement Invariance during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Psychologists have begun to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emotionality, though such investigations assume that the measurement properties of affect scales have not changed as a function of the pandemic. To our knowledge, no prior study has tested measurement invariance (MI) of an affect scale during a disaster, and very few studies have explored MI of scales administered through ecological momentary assessment (EMA). The current study tested invariance of trait and state affect measures across homogenous groups of 18-year-olds assessed prior to and during the first acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Long Island, New York. Trait affect was measured with a single administration of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality-Youth Version. State affect was assessed with items developed for the EMA portion of this study, which were administered 5 times daily for 14 consecutive days using a smartphone application. A baseline correlated 2-factor (positive and negative affect) model was fit for both measures. Invariances tests established up to strict MI across pre-/COVID-19 groups for both affect measures. These findings suggest that valid comparisons of observed score means and variances can be made between groups assessed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Translational research in Chagas disease: perspectives in nutritional therapy emerging from selenium supplementation studies as a complementary treatment

Translational research (TR) is an interdisciplinary branch of the biomedical field that seeks to connect its three supporting pillars: basic research on the bench, the hospital beds and other health system services, and the delivery of products for the well-being and health of the community. Here, we review the five transition stages of the TR spectrum, registering the lessons learned during > 20 years leading to the first clinical trial designed and performed in Brazil for testing a complementary treatment for Chagas disease (CD): the selenium trial (STCC). Lessons learned were: (1) to consider all the TR spectrum since the beginning of the project; (2) to start simultaneously animal studies and translation to humans; (3) to ensure a harmonious interaction between clinical and basic research teams; (4) to include MSc and PhD students only in pre-clinical and basic studies (TR0) or vertical clinical studies using retrospective samples and data (TR1); (5) to identify potential suppliers in the national commercial market for a future final treatment since the pre-clinical stage; (6) to keep an international network of experts as permanent advisers on the project. In the whole process, some perspectives were created: a complementary clinical trial for the opened questions and the construction of a Brazilian clinical CD platform.
The Association between Complete Absence of Post-treatment Periapical Lesion and Quality of Root Canal Filling

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Acoustic Analysis of Enclosed Sound Space as well as Its Coupling with Flexible Boundary Structure

Combustion instability is often encountered in various power systems, a good understanding on the sound field in acoustic cavity as well as its coupling with boundary flexible structure will be of great help for the reliability design of such combustion system. An improved Fourier series method is presented for the acoustic/vibro-acoustic modelling of acoustic cavity as well as the panel-cavity coupling system. The structuralacoustic coupling system is described in a unified pattern using the energy principle. With the aim to construct the admissible functions sufficiently smooth for the enclosed sound space as well as the flexible boundary structure, the boundary-smoothed auxiliary functions are introduced to the standard multi-dimensional Fourier series. All the unknown coefficients and higher order variables are determined in conjunction with Rayleigh-Ritz procedure and differential operation term by term. Numerical examples are then presented to show the correctness and effectiveness of the current model. The model is verified through the comparison with those from analytic solution and other approaches. Based on the model established, the influence of boundary conditions on the acoustic and/or vibro-acoustic characteristics of the structural-acoustic coupling system is addressed and investigated.
Effects of fish-oil supplementation on myocardial fatty acids in humans 1–3

Background: Increased fish or fish-oil consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiac mortality, especially sudden death. This benefit putatively arises from the incorporation of the long-chain n (cid:1) 3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into cardiomyocyte phospholipids. Objective: Thestudyexaminedthekineticsofincorporationofn (cid:1) 3 fatty acids into human myocardial membrane phospholipids during supplementation with fish oil and (cid:1) -linolenic acid–rich flaxseed oil. Design: Patientswithlowself-reportedfishintake( (cid:2) 1fishmeal/wk and no oil supplements) accepted for elective cardiac surgery in-volving cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly allocated to 1 of 6 groups: no supplement; fish oil (6 g EPA (cid:3) DHA/d) for either 7, 14, or 21 d before surgery; flaxseed oil; or olive oil (both 10 mL/d for 21 d before surgery). Right atrial appendage tissue removed during surgery and blood collected at enrollment and before surgery were analyzed for phospholipid fatty acids. Results: Surgery rescheduling resulted in a range of treatment times from7to118d.Inthefish-oil-treatedsubjects,accumulationofEPAandDHAintherightatriumwascurvilinearwithtimeandreachedamaximumat (cid:4) 30 d of treatment and displaced mainly arachidonic acid. Flaxseed oil supplementation yielded a small increase in atrial EPA but not DHA, whereas olive oil did not significantly change atrial n (cid:1) 3 fatty acids. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that dietary n (cid:1) 3 fatty acids are rapidly incorporated into human myocardial phospholipids at the expense of arachidonic acid during high-dose fish-oil supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:1222–8.
Title The influence of partial public reimbursement on vaccination uptake in the older population : a cross-sectional study

Background: Flu vaccination is recommended annually for high risk groups. However, in Ireland, free access to vaccination is not universal for those in high risk groups; the vaccine and consultation are only free for those with a medical card, a means tested scheme. Few private health insurance policies cover the cost of attendance for vaccination in general practice. The aim was to examine the influence of this reimbursement policy on vaccination coverage among older adults. Methods: Cross-sectional wave 1 data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) were analysed (2009–2011). TILDA is a nationally representative prospective cohort study of adults aged ≥50, sampled using multistage stratified clustered sampling. Self-reported entitlement to healthcare was categorised as 1) medical card only 2) private health insurance only, 3) both and 4) neither. The outcome was responses to ‘have you ever had a flu shot’. Multivariate logistic regression was used, adjusting for age and need. Results: 68.6% of those defined as clinically high-risk received the flu vaccination in the past (95% CI = 67-71%). Those with a medical card were almost twice as likely to have been vaccinated, controlling for age and chronic illness (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5-2.5, p = <0.001). Conclusions: Having a medical card increased the likelihood of being vaccinated, independent of age and need. The mismatch between vaccination guidelines and reimbursement policy is creating unequal access to recommended services among high risk groups.
Arcuate band texture in a dark inclusion from the Vigarano CV3 chondrite: Possible evidence for early sedimentary processes

Abstract— A dark inclusion in the Vigarano CV3 carbonaceous chondrite consists almost exclusively of small (<5 μm in diameter) grains of Fe‐rich olivine and is devoid of chondrules, Ca‐Al‐rich inclusions (CAIs) and their pseudomorphs. In backscattered electron images, this dark inclusion shows an unusual texture comprising a network of arcuate bands. Two or more bands occur roughly parallel, forming a set of succesive parallel bands, some crosscutting one another. The bands contain slightly higher amounts of relatively small (<1 μm) olivine grains and so are more densely packed than other areas. The olivine grains in the bands are slightly more Fe‐rich than those in other areas. The bands commonly show gradation on the concave side due to a decrease in the abundance of the small Fe‐rich olivine grains. Texturally, the arcuate bands closely resemble “dish structures” that are commonly observed in siltstones and sandstones on Earth. Dish structures are characterized by thin, dark‐colored, subhorizontal to concave‐upward laminations that are rich in relatively fine‐grained material. On Earth, dish structures form during compaction and dewatering of unconsolidated fine‐grained sediments; they are one of the characteristic sedimentary structures formed through fluidization of fine grains. The dark inclusion in Vigarano, therefore, provides the first evidence that sedimentary processes due to water migration may have taken place within planetesimals and further suggests that fluidization may have played a significant role in the formation of the carbonaceous chondrites.
Barrier-Based Adaptive Line-of-Sight 3-D Path-Following System for a Multijoint Robotic Fish With Sideslip Compensation

This article proposes a novel barrier-based adaptive line-of-sight (ALOS) three-dimensional (3-D) path-following system for an underactuated multijoint robotic fish. The framework of the developed path-following system is established based on a detailed dynamic model, including a barrier-based ALOS guidance strategy, three integrated inner-loop controllers, and a nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB)-based sideslip angle compensation, which is employed to preserve a reliable tracking under a frequently varying sideslip angle of the robotic fish. First, a barrier-based convergence strategy is proposed to deal with probable along-track error disruption and suppress the error within a manageable range. Meanwhile, an improved adaptive guidance scheme is adopted with an appropriate look-ahead distance. Afterward, a novel NDOB-based sideslip angle compensation is put forward to identify the varying sideslip angle independent of speed estimation. Subsequently, inner-loop controllers are intended for regulation about the controlled references, including a super-twisting sliding-mode control (STSMC)-based speed controller, a global fast terminal sliding-mode control (GFTSMC)-based heading controller, and a GFTSMC-based depth controller. Finally, simulations and experiments with quantitative comparison in 3-D linear and helical path following are presented to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed system. This path-following system provides a solid foundation for future marine autonomous cruising of the underwater multijoint robot.
Predicting Academic Burnout (Exhaustion) based on Cognitive Styles and Psychological Resilience

The purpose of this research was to anticipate academic burnout based on cognitive styles and psychological resilience. The statistical population comprised of all the high school girl students in Hamadan, in 2014. The number of society was 9900 students and 368 students selected as sample group according to Morgan's table and by Multistage cluster sampling, students filled3 scales Berso educational fatigue scale, Connor and Davidson resilience scale and latent difficulties group scale. Results showed that there was a significant difference between students ‘educational fatigue scale based on cognitive styles and psychological resilience. Cognitive style and psychological resilience also had a significant effect on educational fatigue in students. Totally, psychological variables such as cognitive styles and resilience have an important role in academic performance. With recognizing this determinant and on time intervention, we can decrease and prevent academic burnout.
Noble gases in the mantle wedge and lower crust: an inference from the isotopic analyses of xenoliths from Oki-Dogo and Ichinomegata, Japan

The noble gas isotopic compositions of xenoliths sampled from Oki-Dogo island and Ichinomegata crater, Japan, have been measured to understand better the origin of noble gases in the mantle wedge and lower crust beneath the Japanese Island Arc which represents a typical convergent plate boundary. The 3He/4He ratios of lherzolites and a websterite derived from the upper mantle are the same as MORB-type He isotopic ratios, i.e., 8 ± 1 times the atmospheric value. The 40Ar/36Ar ratios (307–1870) of these samples are generally lower than that assumed for MORB-type Ar (>20000). These results indicate that the He and Ar initially present in the mantle wedge were similar to the MORB-type gases but were later contaminated by atmospheric noble gases in the subducting slab. This resulted in the decreased 40Ar/36Ar ratios and a negligible change in 3He/4He ratios. A high He concentration (1.2 × 10–6 cm3 STP/g) and 3He/4He ratio (10.5 × 10–6), similar to arc volcanic gases, was observed in an amphibolite sample which represents lower crust beneath Ichinomegata. This He isotopic ratio implies that magmatic noble gases associated with arc volcanism do not ascend directly from the mantle wedge but from the lower crust where they accumulate.
Resistance-driven Innovation? Frontline Public Welfare Workers’ Coping with Top- down Implementation

Employee-based innovation researchers point to the important role of welfare workers in public service innovations. Bureaucratic and New Public Management inspired managerial agendas, still widely present in Nordic welfare organizations have been tied to an increase in feelings of inau- thenticity and use of coping strategies by welfare workers. At the same time, post-NPM principles of collaboration and service tailoring are more in line with professional values of welfare workers. Drawing on a critical realist informed case study comprising qualitative interviews and observations in the Norwegian public welfare and employment services, we describe types of revision and resis- tance practices used by frontline employees when faced with top-down implementation instructions, linking them to different types of innovations. The article adds to literatures on employee-based innovation by conceptualizing resistance practices as value-motivated resistance-driven innovation that may have a function of calibrating public value creation in welfare organizations submerged in bureaucratic and NPM-inspired managerial regimes
ARF1 with Sec7 Domain-Dependent GBF1 Activates Coatomer Protein I To Support Classical Swine Fever Virus Entry

Classical swine fever (CSF), a highly contact-infectious disease caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infecting domestic pigs or wild boars, has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry. Our previous studies have revealed that GBF1 and class I and II ARFs are required for CSFV proliferation. ABSTRACT Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), a positive-sense, enveloped RNA virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family, hijacks cell host proteins for its own replication. We previously demonstrated that Golgi-specific brefeldin A (BFA) resistance factor 1 (GBF1), a regulator of intracellular transport, mediates CSFV infection. However, the molecular mechanism by which this protein regulates CSFV proliferation remains unelucidated. In this study, we constructed a series of plasmids expressing GBF1 truncation mutants to investigate their behavior during CSFV infection and found that GBF1 truncation mutants containing the Sec7 domain could rescue CSFV replication in BFA- and GCA (golgicide A)-treated swine umbilical vein endothelial cells (SUVECs), demonstrating that the effect of GBF1 on CSFV infection depended on the activity of guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). Additionally, it was found that ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs), which are known to be activated by the Sec7 domain of GBF1, also regulated CSFV proliferation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ARF1 is more important for CSFV infection than other ARF members with Sec7 domain dependence. Subsequent experiments established the function of coatomer protein I (COP I), a downstream effector of ARF1 which is also required for CSFV infection by mediating CSFV invasion. Mechanistically, inhibition of COP I function impaired CSFV invasion by inhibiting cholesterol transport to the plasma membrane and regulating virion transport from early to late endosomes. Collectively, our results suggest that ARF1, with domain-dependent GBF1 Sec7, activates COP I to facilitate CSFV entry into SUVECs. IMPORTANCE Classical swine fever (CSF), a highly contact-infectious disease caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infecting domestic pigs or wild boars, has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry. Our previous studies have revealed that GBF1 and class I and II ARFs are required for CSFV proliferation. However, a direct functional link between GBF1, ARF1, and COP I and the mechanism of the GBF1-ARF1-COP I complex in CSFV infection are still poorly understood. Here, our data support a model in which COP I supports CSFV entry into SUVECs in two different ways, depending on the GBF1-ARF1 function. On the one hand, the GBF1-ARF1-COP I complex mediates cholesterol trafficking to the plasma membrane to support CSFV entry. On the other hand, the GBF1-ARF1-COP I complex mediates CSFV transport from early to late endosomes during the entry steps.
South African Household Expenditure Shares: South African Household Data Pitfalls

Abstract This paper presents research on South African household expenditure share behaviour. The research examines whether or not a theoretical and empirical model, which has been successful in explaining expenditure shares in Australia, is valid when applied to South African data. The primary conclusion of the research is that expenditure shares in South Africa do not conform to the assumptions set out in the model. Although there are many potential reasons for non-conformity, this paper provides evidence that the estimates produced within the AID system and the MAID system suffer from heteroskedasticity and non-normality. Therefore, in order to improve the understanding of spending behaviour by South African households, models will have to be specifically developed to deal with the idiosyncrasies of South African data.