Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two Cultures of Policing: Street Cops and Management Cops

The emergence and functioning of two competing and sometimes conflicting cultures within police departments demonstrates how competition between street cops and "bosses" is at the heart of the organizational dilemma of modern urban policing. Unlike other works in this field that focus on the monolithic culture or familial quality of policing, this study demonstrates that which might look cohesive from the point of view of outsiders has its own internal dynamics and conflicts. The book shows that police departments are not immune to the conflict inherent in any large-scale bureaucracy, when externally imposed management schemes for increasing efficiency and effectiveness are imposed on an existing social organization. Based upon two years of extensive field work, in which the author covered every major aspect of policing at the precinct level in the New York City police department from manning the complaint desk to riding in squad cars. Ianni shows how the organized structure of the police department is disintegrating. The new "Management Cop Culture" is bureaucratically juxtaposed to the precinct level "Street Cop Culture," and bosses' loyalties to the social and political networks of management cops rather than to the men on the street causes a sharp division with grave consequences for the departments. The study concentrates on a series of dramatic events, such as the suicide of a police officer charged with corruption, a major riot, and the trial of an officer accused of killing a prisoner while in police custody. Ianni traces how these events affected relationships among fellow officers and between officers and "bosses. "
Belbin's Company Worker, The Self-Perception Inventory, and Their Application to Software Engineering Teams

Software engineering often requires a team arrangement because of the size and scope of modern projects. Several team structures have been defined and used, but these structures generally define only the tasks and jobs required for the team. Various process and product metrics seek to improve quality, even though it is generally agreed that the greatest potential benefit lies in people issues. This study uses a team-based personality profiling tool, the Belbin Self-Perception Inventory, to explore the characteristics offered by the Company Worker, one of the team roles defined by Belbin.
Galvanic vestibular stimulation with low intensity improves dynamic balance

Abstract Background Dynamic balance is associated with fall risk. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation with very low intensity direct current (dcGVS) on dynamic balance. Methodology We used a rocker force platform for assessing the dynamic balance performance. Center-of-pressure (COP) coordinates were acquired and decomposed to rambling (RA) and trembling (TR). We measured sway parameters, including length, average speed, and average range, affected by dcGVS at 0.01 mA with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Results We assessed 33 young healthy subjects and found that all sway parameters were shorter in the EO condition, indicating a better dynamic balance performance. dcGVS significantly improved the dynamic balance performance both in EO and EC conditions. All the sway parameters in COP in EO were significantly shorter than those in EC, indicating a better dynamic balance performance in EO. In EO, RA had greater improvement rates than TR. In EC, only average speed had a greater improvement rate in RA, whereas length and average range had greater improvement rates in TR. These results indicate a different modulation model between EO and EC. Conclusion These findings indicate that very low intensity dcGVS improved the sway parameters of dynamic balance in young healthy subjects. Moreover, our results suggest different dynamic balance control models between having EO and EC. The mechanisms of these phenomena caused by very low intensity dcGVS require further investigation.
Changes in intra-ocular pressure, ocular pulse amplitude and choroidal thickness after trabeculectomy

ABSTRACT Clinical relevance Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness. Although high intra-ocular pressure (IOP) is the most important risk factor, ocular blood flow also has an effect on prognosis. Background The aim of this study was to investigate the IOP, ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) and choroidal thickness (CT) changes after trabeculectomy and to determine whether trabeculectomy has an effect on ocular blood flow. Methods This retrospective, comparative case series was conducted with 33 eyes of 33 patients who underwent trabeculectomy due to uncontrolled glaucoma. The fellow eyes of 20 patients who were followed up with medical therapy were included as a control group. IOP and OPA were evaluated using a dynamic contour tonometer. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was obtained with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode of Spectralis-OCT. Results The mean IOP was 21.6 ± 6.3 mmHg at baseline and 13.8 ± 0.9 mmHg after trabeculectomy (p ˂ 0.001), and the mean OPA was 4.1 ± 1.5 at baseline and 2.6 ± 1.6 mmHg after trabeculectomy (p ˂ 0.001). The mean SFCT was 292.2 ± 63.2 µm at baseline and 303.8 ± 70.4 µm after trabeculectomy (p = 0.024). The change in OPA was strongly positively correlated with the change in IOP (r = 0.597, p ˂ 0.001) and SFCT change was positively correlated with OPA change (r = 0.34, p = 0.05). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of IOP, OPA and SFCT values measured after trabeculectomy (respectively, p = 0.264, p = 0.627 and p = 0.949). Conclusion The large IOP decrease following trabeculectomy causes a decrease in OPA and choroidal thickening. On the other hand, trabeculectomy has no effect on OPA change.
Gathering Global Perspectives to Establish the Research Priorities and Minimum Data Sets for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Sampling Strategy of the First Round Consensus Surveys of AO Spine RECODE-DCM

Study Design Survey. Introduction AO Spine Research Objectives and Common Data Elements for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (AO Spine RECODE-DCM) is an international initiative that aims to accelerate knowledge discovery and improve outcomes by developing a consensus framework for research. This includes defining the top research priorities, an index term and a minimum data set (core outcome set and core data elements set – core outcome set (COS)/core data elements (CDE)). Objective To describe how perspectives were gathered and report the detailed sampling characteristics. Methods A two-stage, electronic survey was used to gather and seek initial consensus. Perspectives were sought from spinal surgeons, other healthcare professionals and people with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Participants were allocated to one of two parallel streams: (1) priority setting or (2) minimum dataset. An email campaign was developed to advertise the survey to relevant global stakeholder individuals and organisations. People with DCM were recruited using the international DCM charity Myelopathy.org and its social media channels. A network of global partners was recruited to act as project ambassadors. Data from Google Analytics, MailChimp and Calibrum helped optimise survey dissemination. Results Survey engagement was high amongst the three stakeholder groups: 208 people with DCM, 389 spinal surgeons and 157 other healthcare professionals. Individuals from 76 different countries participated; the United States, United Kingdom and Canada were the most common countries of participants. Conclusion AO Spine RECODE-DCM recruited a diverse and sufficient number of participants for an international PSP and COS/CDE process. Whilst PSP and COS/CDE have been undertaken in other fields, to our knowledge, this is the first time they have been combined in one process.
Overexcitabilities and Psychological Issues among Gifted Learners at Higher Education Level

Gifted learners are more advance as compared to learners of their chronological age. Along with this advancement, these learners faced asynchronous development that makes them has the characteristics of sensitive, perfectionistic, deep reflective thinking and moral issues that affect them more deeply. Apart from the asynchronous development, these learners also showed the high intensity of having overexcitabilities. Overexcitability is the mode of experiencing with heightened sensitivity. Studies found that gifted learners who experience overexcitability are more likely to be misunderstood and alienated than those who do not have these sensitives. Thus, this study aims to discuss gifted learners’ overexcitabilities and psychological issues at the higher education level. Past research shows a relationship between overexcitabilities with perfectionism, insomnia, fear of the unknown, death anxiety, and depression. By helping gifted learners identify psychological issues earlier, counsellors should be able to help the student find meaning and purpose in their daily activities. Therefore, future research should focus on how counselling gifted learners about overexcitability will be able to overcome their limitations so they can reach tremendous potential and achieve higher levels of development.
Modified dark channel prior based on multi-scale Retinex for power image defogging

At present, defogging technologies can be roughly divided into two categories: the first category is the method of defogging based on image enhancement non-physical model. This method does not start from the essence of optical imaging, but only improves the visual effect of the image by improving the contrast and color of the image, so as to achieve the purpose of defogging. The commonly used methods include histogram equalization, contrast enhancement and automatic color levels, Retinex theory and wavelet transform, etc. The second type is based on atmospheric scattering physical model. This method analyzes the degradation mechanism in the process of imaging, establishes the degradation model of foggy image, and restores the real scene without fog by using the prior knowledge in the degradation process. This method needs to obtain prior conditions as model parameters, but the prior conditions are often difficult to obtain. In this paper, an adaptive power image defogging algorithm based on multi-scale Retinex and modified dark channel is proposed. Sobel operator is used to detect the edges of luminance components and multi-scale Retinex algorithm is used to eliminate luminance components. A priori theory of dark channel optimization by guided filtering is used to obtain rough estimated transmittance. The global atmospheric light value is selected by quadtree subspace search method. In order to eliminate the phenomenon that the restored image is dark as a whole and cannot display details, the brightness value is corrected by two-dimensional gamma function, and finally the restored defogging image is obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively restore the details of foggy images, completely remove foggy images, have good color brightness, and the images are clear and natural.
EVALUATION OF CHERRY TOMATO LINES (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM VAR. CERASIFORME) FOR GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS

The present study was carried out to know the performance of cherry tomato lines and check varieties for different traits attributing for growth, yield and quality in cherry tomato at the Division of Vegetable Crops, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Hessarghatta, Bangalore (Karnataka), India during the period between July 2011 to May 2012. Among the lines used for investigation IIHR-2630-3 showed highest plant height (185.33m), in IIHR-2754 highest number of branches was obtained i.e. 13.67. Highest yield per plant was recorded in IIHR-2687, IIHR-2681 with the yield of 2.87, 2.80kg. IIHR-2859, IIHR-2464-A-1 were high yielding of 39.79, 39.17 tonnes per hectare respectively. IIHR-2864 showed the highest TSS of 7.670B. The line IIHR-2753, IIHR-2864 recorded high pericarp thickness of 0.50mm, 0.47mm respectively. Based on their performance IIHR-2754, IIHR-2864, IIHR-2464-A-1 and IIHR-2630-1 can be used for further breeding programme and hybrids could be exploited for cultivation in cherry tomato.
Magnetic and rotational effects on the reflection of inhomogeneous waves in a fiber-reinforced thermoelastic material

Abstract The problem of reflection of inhomogeneous plane waves from the free surface of a fiber-reinforced magneto-thermoelastic rotating material has been investigated. The phase speeds of quasi longitudinal, quasi transverse and quasi thermal waves are derived. The reflection coefficients and the energy ratios are obtained. The magnetic and rotational effects on the reflection coefficients and energy ratios are computed numerically and presented graphically. It is found that the magnetic field and rotation influence the reflection coefficients and energy ratios significantly. Critical angles are observed for incident quasi transverse wave. The sum of energy ratios has been verified to validate the problem.
Determination of reactional cutting forces on a circular sawblade machine by using experimental studies and numerical modelling

Slab/strip production from blocks in natural stone processing plants is mostly carried out by using circular sawblade cutting machines. An efficient sawing operation can only be maintained by selecting proper cutting parameters. Experimental studies and numerical modelling methods are significant in terms of identifying the effective forces occurring during natural stone cutting with circular sawblades. In this study, experimental investigation was performed on real marble, known as Afyon White Marble, using a fully automatic circular sawblade stone cutting machine. Then, numerical modelling of circular sawing was performed with commercially available software called PFC3D. A discrete-element model of the sawing process was developed, and various numerical models were performed for different peripheral speeds and advance rates in compliance with the actual cutting operation being carried out in the laboratory. Finally, data obtained from the experimental studies were compared with the modelling data. A comparison indicates that the reactional cutting forces obtained by means of the numerical modelling are in good agreement with the results of the laboratory measurements. Consequently, the cutting operation can be determined quickly and economically. A literature review showed that, through this study, numerical modelling of the circular sawblade stone cutting process was successfully performed for the first time. It was envisaged that this would dynamically help in the examination of distinct factors in the area of natural stone processing by numerical modelling and in the illustration of the sawing mechanism.
Glucose Concentrations from Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices Compared to Those from Blood Plasma during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Healthy Young Adults

Continuous glucose monitoring devices measure glucose in interstitial fluid. The devices are effective when used by patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes but are increasingly being used by researchers who are interested in the effects of various behaviours of glucose concentrations in healthy participants. Despite their more frequent application in this setting, the devices have not yet been validated for use under such conditions. A total of 124 healthy participants were recruited to a ten-day laboratory study. Each participant underwent four oral glucose tolerance tests, and a total of 3315 out of a possible 4960 paired samples were included in the final analysis. Bland–Altman plots and mean absolute relative differences were used to determine the agreement between the two methods. Bland–Altman analyses revealed that the continuous glucose monitoring devices had proportional bias (R = 0.028, p < 0.001) and a mean bias of −0.048 mmol/L, and device measurements were more variable as glucose concentrations increased. Ninety-nine per cent of paired values were in Zones A and B of the Parkes Error Grid plot, and there was an overall mean absolute relative difference of 16.2% (±15.8%). There was variability in the continuous glucose monitoring devices, and this variability was higher when glucose concentrations were higher. If researchers were to use continuous glucose monitoring devices to measure glucose concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test in healthy participants, this variability would need to be considered.
Development of a Practical Model of Partnering for Construction Projects

This paper presents a practical model of partnering, which integrates the processes and associated components for partnering espousal. It intends to use the concept of modeling to integrate the aspects of system and process to form a model for practicing partnering. Therefore, a system-process model that is called the procedural mapping model (PMM) is developed, which adopts a more systematic approach to modeling construction partnering, including the identification of the core practices and activities. The PMM forms the basis for designing the key elements of the practical model of partnering that involves three major establishments including interactive process description, success factors’ monitoring, and goals’ assessment matrices. Individual components of these establishments have also been described.
The moral economies of marketised higher education

Abstract This article discusses how three other articles have employed E.P. Thompson’s concept of the moral economy to analyse movements of resistance to higher education (HE) marketisation processes. Two of the studies relate to the English HE sector while one is a study of the Israeli system. The articles were selected because they are indicative of one of the key challenges that scholars working within the sociology of higher education may encounter when applying Thompson’s ideas: rendering a faithful sense of the temporality which is foundational to Thompson’s concept, and which makes it such a powerful tool of critique regarding dominant hegemonic processes such as higher education marketisation. I conclude the article with a discussion of the challenges that arise in transferring a concept that originated in history to the sociology of higher education.
Municipal Solid Waste–Flow Allocation Planning with Trapezoidal-Shaped Fuzzy Parameters

Abstract A modified trapezoidal-shaped fuzzy chance-constrained mixed-integer programming (TFCMP) model was advanced for municipal solid waste (MSW) management. Compared with conventional methods, TFCMP was advantageous in handling fuzzy-type uncertainties in both the left- and right-hand sides of model constraints and could be used to reflect the possibility of constraints violation at predefined confidence levels. Mixed-integer programming (MIP) was embedded into the general framework of TFCMP for handling capacity-expansion issues. The solid waste management system in a typical Chinese city was used to demonstrate the applicability of TFCMP. Study results indicated that a variety of cost-effective MSW-flow allocation solutions could be obtained from TFCMP under various scenarios of system reliability. A trade-off between the total system cost and the reliability of satisfying model constraints can be analyzed to gain an in-depth insight into the characteristics of MSW systems. Generally, decision alter.
Modeling the Economic and Environmental Impacts of Land Scarcity Under Deep Uncertainty

Land scarcity is increasing over time, driven by complex multisector dynamics. The impacts of land scarcity on the economy and environment are multi‐faceted and regional, so any action to convert land will contain inherent tradeoffs. These impacts are complicated by the deeply uncertain evolution of the various sectors influencing land scarcity. A need therefore exists to provide multi‐metric and multi‐sector assessments that are robust to myriad uncertainties. Land conservation effectively limits the supply of productive land, while biofuel consumption increases the demand and competition for that land, and how these dynamics individually and jointly propagate to economic and environmental impacts is an important open question. To address this, we adopt the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) that has representations of various important systems including the climate, macroeconomic, energy, agriculture and land, and water resources systems. Various scenarios of increased land demand (from biofuels) and decreased land supply (from conservation) under various socioeconomic scenarios drawn from the SSPs were simulated using GCAM. We find that while biofuel consumption and land conservation reduce carbon emissions, this comes at the cost of higher food prices, reduced crop production, and increased water withdrawals. Additionally, some regions experience these tradeoffs more severely than others and are more heavily impacted from the same biofuel mandate or by an additional percent of protected land. These and other findings highlight the importance of multisector modeling frameworks that capture many cross‐sector linkages, and acknowledge the important uncertainties confronting the human‐Earth system when making any analysis of land scarcity impacts.
Determination of Friction Coefficients of Beans and Peanuts

ABSTRACT Adevice using a personal computer for data acquisition was built to determine static and dynamic coefficients of friction of soybeans, red kidney beans and unshelled peanuts. Values were determined for three moisture levels and three types of surfaces. The effects of moisture and surface on the friction values were significant. The data obtained by this digital system were more accurate than those taken by an earlier analog system.
Development and Application of a Single Neural Network Potential for IRMOF-n (n=1,4,6,7,10)

Metal‑organic frameworks (MOFs) with their exceptional porous and organized structures have been subject of numerous applications. Predicting macroscopic properties from atomistic simulations require the most accurate force fields, which is still a major problem due to MOFs’ hybrid structures governed by covalent, ionic and dispersion forces. Application of ab‑initio molecular dynamics to such large periodic systems are thus beyond the current computational power. Therefore, alternative strategies must be developed to reduce computational cost without losing reliability. In this work, we describe the construction of a neural network potential (NNP) for IRMOF‑n series (n=1,4,7,10) trained by PBE-D4/def2-TZVP reference data of MOF fragments. We validated the resulting NNP on both fragments and bulk MOF structures by prediction of properties such as equilibrium lattice constants, phonon density of states and linker orientation. The energy and force RMSE values for the fragments are only 0.0017 eV/atom and 0.15 eV/Å, respectively. The NNP predicted equilibrium lattice constants of bulk structures, which are not included in training, are off by only 0.2-2.4% from experimental results. Moreover, our fragment trained NNP greatly predicts phenylene ring torsional energy barrier, equilibrium bond distances and vibrational density of states of bulk MOFs. Furthermore, NNP allows us to investigate unusual behaviors of selected MOFs such as the thermal expansion properties and the effect of mechanical strain on the adsorption of hydrogen and methane molecules. The NNP based molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest the IRMOF‑4 and IRMOF‑7 to have positive‑to‑negative thermal expansion coefficients while the rest to have only negative thermal expansion under the studied temperatures of 200 K to 400 K. The deformation of bulk structure by reduction of unit cell volume has shown to increase volumetric methane uptake in IRMOF‑1 but decrease in IRMOF‑7 due to the steric hindrance.