Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Microdefect Formation in Czochralski Silicon

An internally consistent model is presented for the dynamic formation of microdefects in single‐crystal silicon. The model is built on the dynamics of point defects, vacancies and self‐interstitials, and is extended to include the growth of clusters of these point defects into microdefects. A hybrid finite‐element/finite‐difference numerical method is used to solve the coupled system of partial differential equations, which includes sets of discrete rate equations for small clusters and Fokker‐Planck equations for larger ones. As described previously by a point defect dynamics model [J. Electrochem. Soc. , 145, 303 (1998)], the oxidation‐induced stacking fault (OSF)‐ring position delineates the vacancy‐rich region inside from the external interstitial‐rich crystal. In Czochralski silicon, the radial position of the OSF‐ring correlates well with the expression . Simulations are used to explore the formation of voids in the vacancy‐rich region inside the OSF‐ring. Predictions of the total concentration of observable voids and the dependence of this concentration on the cooling rate agree with experiments and point to the importance of the axial temperature profile in the crystal from the melting point (1685 K) down to about 1150 K in setting the number and size of voids. The total number of voids correlates with V 〈G〉 where 〈G〉 is a measure of the temperature gradient in the temperature range 1173 K ≤ T ≤ 1685 K. The appearance of the OSF‐ring is explained qualitatively in terms of the residual vacancy concentration remaining in the crystal after aggregation has ceased. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
EI Rubrics for Preschool Children

Many researchers have done extensive research on Emotional Intelligence (EI) part. There are many instruments that have been developed to serve as a measure of emotional intelligence. These include the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso EI Test (MSCEIT), the Multi Factor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MEIS) and several other Emotional Intelligence measures. However, it is found that the existing EI instrument does not measure children's emotional intelligence (EI). The Emotional Intelligence should be emphasized in children's development. Children who have a good level of emotional intelligence (EI) will be able to manage their lives in a more orderly and harmonious. Good emotional control is a very important aspect in the well-being of individuals. In this study, the researcher wanted to do a basic analysis of the children EI by building a pre-school children EI rubrics age group of four to six years. The study was conducted at a preschool in Kuala Terengganu district involving 20 children. The research data will be through the evaluation process by five academic specialists in the field using the Cohen Kappa Consensus Coefficient Rating Scale formula. Qualitative data were analysed using triangulation methods through qualitative categorization and thematic analysis. Quantitative data, on the other hand, will be analysed using the Rasch Model to see its validity and reliability. The implications of this study are expected to be a basic children's Emotional Intelligence study focusing on EI development in education to produce a competent, skilled, creative and innovative generation.
Gastrointestinal Parasitosis in the Population of the City of N’Djamena [Chad]: Causes of Their Persistence

In tropical areas gastrointestinal parasitosis are constantly changing in frequency and the large number of asymptomatic carriers continue to be a public health problem. This study was carried out during the last trimester of 2019 in the city of N’Djamena (Chad). This work was designed to take a stock of the overall level of carriage of parasitic infections of the population of the city. Our study sample was made up of 366 individuals whose age varied from 1 to 77 years. Each subject included in this study benefited from parasitological stool analysis using three methods. The method of direct observation in physiological water, the method of concentration in formalin-ether and that of Kato Katz. The results obtained showed that 222 subjects were carriers of at least one species of parasite, or either a global infection rate of 60.66%. Ten species of gastrointestinal parasites were identified of which three species of protozoa: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (34.70 %), Giardia intestinalis (3.55%), Entamoeba coli (0.55%) and seven species of helminths: Hymenolepis nana (18.85%), Ascaris lumbricoides (9.29%), Taenia saginata (8.20%), Hymenolepis diminuta (2.19%), Schiotosoma mansoni (0.27%), Heterophyes hetrophyses (0.55%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.27%). In N’Djamena the parasitism of those investigated was mainly (45.63%) monospecific and poly-specific (bi-and tri-specific) in 15.03% of the causes while 39.34% of persons examined were free from all forms of protozoa and helminths. The epidemiology of pathogenic forms was linked to a lack of hygiene especially ignorance of the risk of faecal peril. It is therefore important to strengthen the health education of the population in this city in particular and throughout the country in general.
Deposition of Multifunctional Titania Ceramic Films by Aerosol Routes

Aerosol coating processes were developed to deposit titania ceramic films onto steel and silica substrates. In situ light-scattering measurements were used to understand the deposition mechanisms in different system configurations. The conditions that were necessary to obtain uniform, nonporous, and well-adhered titania films on steel substrates were established. The as-coated films had excellent anticorrosion characteristics at room temperature, as established by the standard salt-fog test. Film crystallinity and morphology were examined using X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy; these analysis methods revealed an oriented, nanocrystalline anatase phase. Film composition was established, as a function of film thickness, using Auger electron spectroscopy and was confirmed to be stoichiometric (Ti:O = 1:2). The optical band gap and optical phonons of the deposited films were probed using spectrophotometry and Raman scattering, respectively; these analysis methods revealed a blue shift of the gap, relative to bulk anatase, and a localization of carriers in the nanometer-sized crystallites.
A nonlocal strain gradient model for nonlinear dynamic behavior of bi-directional functionally graded porous nanoplates on elastic foundations

Abstract In this article, the nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) has been utilized to reveal the dynamic investigation of bi-directional (2D) functionally graded (FG) porous nanoplates resting on Winkler and Pasternak elastic foundations. The governing formulations are derived via Hamilton’s principle, first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), von-Karman geometrical nonlinearity and the principal of mixtures. It is presumed that the materials graded in two directions and two different distributions of porosities including even and uneven patterns through the thickness of the FG nano-scale plate. The nonlinear equations are solved via the kinetic dynamic relaxation (KDR) numerical procedure and the Newmark integration as well as finite-difference discretization approach. In order to validate the present numeric outcomes, some comparison studies have been conducted with available papers. The parametric study of this paper reveals the roles of different effective factors such as porosity coefficients, nonlocal and strain gradient parameters, diverse boundary conditions, gradient indexes and elastic foundations on the dimensionless deflection. It can be inferred that nonlocal parameter and specially strain gradient coefficient affect the variations of deflection. Eventually, it can be comprehended that elastic foundation in even porosity distribution affects the deflection more remarkably than uneven porosity.
Influence of Detopping on Fodder, Grain Yield and Economics of Rainfed Maize (Zea mays L.)

Field experiments were conducted at Maize Research Station, Vagarai, Palani Taluk, Tamilnadu during rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 to find out the influence of detopping on green fodder, grain yield and economics of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.). The experiments were laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three stages and three heights of detopping. Three stages of detopping viz., D1-10 days after 50% silking, D2 -20 days after 50% silking and D3-30 days after 50% silking were tested with three heights of detopping viz., L1 detopping tassel + 2 leaves, L2 detopping tassel + 4 leaves and L3 detopping tassel + 6 leaves with a control (No detopping) replicated thrice. The results of the experiments revealed that detopping 10 days after 50% silking with tassel + 6 leaves recorded higher green fodder yield Regarding grain yield, among the days of detopping, detopping 30 days after 50% silking and detopping 20 days after 50% silking recorded higher yield which were comparable with control (no detopping) (6460 kg / ha). Among the number of leaves, detopping tassel + two leaves recorded higher yield followed by tassel + 4 leaves and both were comparable. Among the treatment combinations, higher grain yield was recorded under detopping 20 days after 50% silking with tassel + 4 leaves followed by detopping 30 days after 50% silking with tassel + 4 leaves and detopping 30 days after 50% silking with tassel + 2 leaves. Regarding economics, higher net return and BC ratio were recorded under the treatment combination of detopping 20 days after 50% silking with tassel + 4 leaves followed by control and detopping 30 days after 50% silking with tassel + 4 leaves. Original Research Article Amanullah; CJAST, 39(34): 136-142, 2020; Article no.CJAST. 61895 137
Bioleaching of Iron, Copper, Lead, and Zinc from the Sludge Mining Sediment at Different Particle Sizes, pH, and Pulp Density Using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Globally, the amounts of metal ore deposits have been declining, so the research directions investigating the extraction of metals from materials that are classified as waste are gaining more importance every year. High concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Fe were analyzed in the sludge sediment (Zlaté Hory, Czech Republic), which is a waste product of the mining industry. In the bioleaching process, bacterial cells have been established as being able to convert metals from solid to liquid phase. However, the most important parameters of bioleaching are particle size, pH, and pulp density, thus our research focused on their optimization. The acidophilic and mesophilic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were applied due to the high Fe content in the sample. The recovery of metals in the leachate was determined by F-AAS and the residual metal concentrations in the waste fraction were analyzed by XRF. The grain size fractions <40 µm –200 µm were investigated. The atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) results show that the highest Fe (76.48%), Cu (82.01%), and Pb (88.90%) recoveries were obtained at particle size of 71–100 μm. Zn was dissolved for all fractions above 90%. Experiments with different pH values were performed at a pH of 1.6–2.0. The highest dissolution rates of Zn, Fe, and Cu were achieved with a suspension pH of 1.8, where 98.73% of Zn, 85.42% of Fe, and 96.44% of Cu were recovered. Due to the high percentage dissolution of metals, experiments were performed under pilot conditions in a bioreactor at a pulp density of 2.5% and 4.2% (w/v). From an economic point of view, the leaching time of 28 days was evaluated as sufficient.
Determination of Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters from Isothermal Heat Conduction Microcalorimetry: Applications to Long-Term-Reaction Studies

The application of heat conduction isothermal microcalorimetry has been proposed for some time as a rapid and general technique for the determination of both thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of chemical reactions. These applications have been suggested as being of particular relevance to solid-state reactions and, industrially important, to the prediction of long-term stability and of compatibility data for pharmaceutical materials. However, there has yet to be the development of a general procedure that does not require additional noncalorimetric data and that is free of assumptions, which can be used to determine the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for a reaction, from calorimetric data. It is the purpose of this paper to describe such a general approach which does not depend upon knowledge of initial concentrations (quantity), enthalpy, or any predetermined reaction order. Equations have been developed whch incorporate calorimetrically accessible data (a, the power, and q, the heat output) and which also include the rate constant, k, the change in enthalpy of the reaction, AH, and the order of reaction. A second procedure is also described which depends only on the analysis of the calorimetric signal and which involves no formal chemical kinetic based equations. The methods described allow estimation of, for example, the annual extent of degradation of a solid compound. The methods developed have been tested through examination of both calculated and experimental data. The experimental work examined very slow reactions (lifetime of years) of known order (there are little reliable enthalpy data available for slow reactions) and involved calorimetric observation of these reactions for up to 50 h. In all cases, the method yielded the appropriate, Le. , conforms to literature data, rate constant, reaction order, and, where available, reaction enthalpy. Some situations in which this microcalorimetric approach and subsequent data analysis will be of utility are discussed.
Analysis of the Experience-Based Design Feedback Data on a National Scale

The United Kingdom Office of National Statistics population estimates that 10 million people are aged 65 years and older, of which some would be considered frail. This is conceptualized as a complex progressive loss of physiological and social function. In order to establish and evaluate appropriate services, feedback tools designed for this patient group have begun to take greater importance, which the Acute Frailty Network has been developing using experience-based design. These tools focus on the experience of frail patients in the settings of accident and emergency and the acute medical unit. An analysis of data from 12 hospitals was used to look at the common emotions and comments expressed at the key touchpoints. A total of 609 respondents were used in the analysis, revealing that patients expressed mostly positive experiences. The areas with the most negative emotions and comments were in the domains “being admitted,” “first assessment,” and “preparing to leave hospital. ” We would recommend that future quality improvement projects focus in improving the communication standards around the admission and discharge process.
An integrated machine learning: Utility theory framework for real-time predictive maintenance in pumping systems

Bearings are the most widely used mechanical parts in rotating machinery under high load and high rotational speeds. Operating continuously under such harsh conditions, wear and failure are imminent. Developing defects give rise to even-higher vibration and temperature levels. In general, mechanical defects in a machine cause high vibration levels. Therefore, bearing fault identification and early detection enables the maintenance team to repair the problem before it triggers catastrophic failure in the bearing. Machine downtime is thus avoided or minimized. This paper explores the use of Machine Learning (ML) integrated with decision-making techniques to predict possible bearing failures and improve the overall manufacturing operations by applying the correct maintenance actions at the right time. The accuracy of the Predictive Maintenance (PdM) module has been tested on real industrial production datasets. The paper proposes an effective PdM methodology using different ML algorithms to detect failures before they happen and reduce pump downtime. The performance of the tested ML algorithms is based on five performance indicators: accuracy, precision, F-score, recall, and an area under curve (AUC). Experimental results revealed that all tested ML algorithms are successful and effective. Furthermore, decision making with utility theory has been employed to exploit the probability of failures and thus help to perform the appropriate maintenance interventions. This provides a logical framework for decision-makers to identify the optimum action with the maximum expected benefit. As a case study, the model is applied on forwarding pumping stations belonging to the Sewerage Treatment Company (STC), one of the largest sewage stations in Qatar.
Spin‐restricted ensemble‐referenced Kohn–Sham method: basic principles and application to strongly correlated ground and excited states of molecules

Ensemble density functional theory (DFT) is a novel theoretical approach that is capable of exact treatment of non‐dynamic electron correlation in the ground and excited states of many‐body fermionic systems. In contrast to ordinary DFT, ensemble DFT has not found so far a way to the repertoire of methods of modern computational chemistry, probably owing to the lack of practically affordable implementations of the theory. The spin‐restricted ensemble‐referenced Kohn–Sham (REKS) method represents perhaps the first computational scheme that makes ensemble DFT calculations feasible. The REKS method is based on the rigorous ensemble representation of the energy and the density of a strongly correlated system and provides for an accurate and consistent description of molecular systems the electronic structure of which is dominated by the non‐dynamic correlation. This includes the ground and excited states of molecules undergoing bond breaking/bond formation, the low‐spin states of biradicals and polyradicals, symmetry forbidden chemical reactions and avoided crossings of potential energy surfaces, real intersections between the energy surfaces of the ground and excited states (conical intersections), and many more. The REKS method can be employed in connection with any local, semi‐local and hybrid (global and range‐separated) functional and affords calculations of large and very large molecular systems at a moderate mean‐field cost. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2015, 5:146–167. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1209
Determinants of Delays in Corporate Reorganizations

Purpose – Firms and creditors may delay certain decisions in corporate reorganizations because of actions that require coordination. This paper investigates delays in voting on reorganization plans during claimholder general meetings in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach – Using a sample of 120 hand-collected reorganization plans, we present descriptive and regression (OLS, Poisson, negative binomial, and quantile) analyses to show the primary characteristics of delayed votes. Findings – Our results revealed that a high concentration of debt among the different classes of claimholders appeared to be related to fewer delays. Moreover, a higher number of banks and secured creditors with claims in the reorganization appeared to be positively correlated with delays. Finally, we argue that reorganization plans that require additional time to reach a vote are related to divestment proposals. Originality/value – There is still a lack of empirical results based on evaluations of multiple creditor characteristics and the reorganization proposals presented in firms’ reorganization plans. This is the first paper in Brazil to explore how conflicts of interest among different classes of creditors may relate to delays. Our paper contributes to the literature developed by Gilson (1990), Gilson et al. (1990), Brown et al. (1993), Franks and Tourus (1994), Helwege (1999), Ayotte and Morrison (2009), Ponticelli (2012), and Ivashina et al. (2015) regarding the characteristics of delaying reorganization plan votes during restructuring cases. We corroborate the results obtained by previous papers and provide an analysis of the role played by each class of claimholder in delaying plan votes for Brazilian firms
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Among Adolescents in Rural South Africa

Abstract Background We aimed to estimate the prevalence of and explore risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among adolescents in a high tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence setting. Methods A cross-sectional study of adolescents (10–19 years) randomly selected from a demographic surveillance area (DSA) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We determined M tuberculosis infection status using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold-plus assay. We used HIV data from the DSA to estimate community-level adult HIV prevalence and random-effects logistic regression to identify risk factors for TB infection. Results We enrolled 1094 adolescents (548 [50.1%] female); M tuberculosis infection prevalence (weighted for nonresponse by age, sex, and urban/rural residence) was 23.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.6–25.6%). Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.10–1.71, for increasing age-group [12–14, 15–17, and 18–19 vs 10–11 years]), ever (vs never) having a household TB contact (aOR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.25–3.64), and increasing community-level HIV prevalence (aOR, 1.43 and 95% CI, 1.07–1.92, for increasing HIV prevalence category [25%–34.9%, 35%–44.9%, ≥45% vs <25%]). Conclusions Our data support prioritizing TB prevention and care activities in TB-affected households and high HIV prevalence communities.
Sincere, Not Sinful: Political Ideology and the Unique Role of Brand Sincerity in Shaping Heterosexual and LGBTQ Consumers’ Views of LGBTQ Ads

Brand sincerity (wholesome, family-oriented) is a core dimension of brand personality; however, to what extent is LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning) representation congruent with brand sincerity? We argue that whether or not LGBTQ representation is considered “wholesome” or “family-friendly,” and how consumers respond to such representation, is dependent on political ideology. Results show that an ad featuring a same-sex (vs. opposite-sex) couple is rated lower in brand sincerity by conservatives, which then uniquely predicts ad attitudes. Conservatives also saw a same-sex couple as more incongruent with a sincere brand, and this incongruence predicted ad attitudes. However, these effects were not found when the brand was exciting. Conversely, LGBTQ consumers’ preferred same-sex couple representation in the context of a sincere (vs. exciting) brand. Finally, an archival analysis of ads found that sincere (vs. exciting) brands represent LGBTQ consumers more favorably. Implications are discussed.