Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fully coupled approach to modeling shallow water flow, sediment transport, and bed evolution in rivers

Our ability to predict complex environmental fluid flow and transport hinges on accurate and efficient simulations of multiple physical phenomenon operating simultaneously over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, including overbank floods, coastal storm surge events, drying and wetting bed conditions, and simultaneous bed form evolution. This research implements a fully coupled strategy for solving shallow water hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and morphological bed evolution in rivers and floodplains (PIHM_Hydro) and applies the model to field and laboratory experiments that cover a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The model uses a standard upwind finite volume method and Roe's approximate Riemann solver for unstructured grids. A multidimensional linear reconstruction and slope limiter are implemented, achieving second‐order spatial accuracy. Model efficiency and stability are treated using an explicit‐implicit method for temporal discretization with operator splitting. Laboratory‐and field‐scale experiments were compiled where coupled processes across a range of scales were observed and where higher‐order spatial and temporal accuracy might be needed for accurate and efficient solutions. These experiments demonstrate the ability of the fully coupled strategy in capturing dynamics of field‐scale flood waves and small‐scale drying‐wetting processes.
Conservation status of some rare plant species on the watershed of the middle section of river Devoll (South Central Albania) and their distribution in Albania

In this study, the conservation status was estimated for six important rare and endemic plant taxa from the watershed of the middle section of river Devoll. It was assessed by the Geospatial Conservation Assessment Tool (GeoCAT). The GeoCAT method is a standardized method for determination of the conservation status of the Red List species. As a result, Bubon albanicum and Echium maculatum were estimated for the first time as Endangered, while Bornmuellera baldaccii subsp. baldacii and subsp. rechingeri, respectively, were estimated as Endangered and Critically Endangered. The conservation status of Endangered was confirmed for Campanula hawkinsiana, while Festucopsis serpentini and Cistus sintenisii were proposed to be included in the IUCN Red List of species as Vulnerable and Endangered, respectively. Comments on the species distribution were also included.
Energy Landscape of All-Atom Protein-Protein Interactions Revealed by Multiscale Enhanced Sampling

Protein-protein interactions are regulated by a subtle balance of complicated atomic interactions and solvation at the interface. To understand such an elusive phenomenon, it is necessary to thoroughly survey the large configurational space from the stable complex structure to the dissociated states using the all-atom model in explicit solvent and to delineate the energy landscape of protein-protein interactions. In this study, we carried out a multiscale enhanced sampling (MSES) simulation of the formation of a barnase-barstar complex, which is a protein complex characterized by an extraordinary tight and fast binding, to determine the energy landscape of atomistic protein-protein interactions. The MSES adopts a multicopy and multiscale scheme to enable for the enhanced sampling of the all-atom model of large proteins including explicit solvent. During the 100-ns MSES simulation of the barnase-barstar system, we observed the association-dissociation processes of the atomistic protein complex in solution several times, which contained not only the native complex structure but also fully non-native configurations. The sampled distributions suggest that a large variety of non-native states went downhill to the stable complex structure, like a fast folding on a funnel-like potential. This funnel landscape is attributed to dominant configurations in the early stage of the association process characterized by near-native orientations, which will accelerate the native inter-molecular interactions. These configurations are guided mostly by the shape complementarity between barnase and barstar, and lead to the fast formation of the final complex structure along the downhill energy landscape.
Mercury: supporting scalable multi-attribute range queries

This paper presents the design of Mercury, a scalable protocol for supporting multi-attribute range-based searches. Mercury differs from previous range-based query systems in that it supports multiple attributes as well as performs explicit load balancing. To guarantee efficient routing and load balancing, Mercury uses novel light-weight sampling mechanisms for uniformly sampling random nodes in a highly dynamic overlay network. Our evaluation shows that Mercury is able to achieve its goals of logarithmic-hop routing and near-uniform load balancing.We also show that Mercury can be used to solve a key problem for an important class of distributed applications: distributed state maintenance for distributed games. We show that the Mercury-based solution is easy to use, and that it reduces the game's messaging overheard significantly compared to a naïve approach.
TIME-SERIES SAR INTERFEROMETRY ANALYSIS OF SURFACE DEFORMATION AT MT. BROMO INDONESIA

One of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia is Mt. Bromo, volcanic activities at Mt. Bromo has been recorded in 1775. We observe the surface deformation of the Mt. Bromo which located at eastern Java Indonesia area that includes neighborhood volcanic system on TNBTS (Taman Nasional Bukit Tengger Semeru). Recently, remote sensing has played as an important role to observe volcano behavior. We apply the SAR Interferometry (InSAR) algorithm referred to as Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) approach that allows us to generate mean deformation velocity maps and displacement time series for the studied area. The common SBAS technique, the set of interferometric phase observations writes as a linear combination of individual SAR scene phase values for each pixel independently. Particularly, the proposed analysis is based on 22 SAR data acquired by the ALOS/PALSAR sensors during the 2007–2017 time interval. A fewer studies have been able to show capability of InSAR analysis for investigating cycle of volcano especially of Mt. Bromo which characterized eruption stratovolcano in ranging one to five years. The results expected in this work represent an advancement of previous InSAR studies of the area that are mostly focused on the deformation affecting the caldera. According to the result, we expected this study could implement on risk management or infrastructure management.
Identification of a Wee1–Like Kinase Gene Essential for Procyclic Trypanosoma brucei Survival

Regulation of eukaryotic cell cycle progression requires sequential activation and inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Activation of the cyclin B-cdc2 kinase complex is a pivotal step in mitotic initiation and the tyrosine kinase Wee1 is a key regulator of cell cycle sequence during G2/M transition and inhibits mitotic entry by phosphorylating the inhibitory tyrosine 15 on the cdc2 M-phase-inducing kinase. Wee1 degradation is essential for the exit from the G2 phase. In trypanosomatids, little is known about the genes that regulate cyclin B-cdc2 complexes at the G2/M transition of their cell cycle. Although canonical tyrosine kinases are absent in the genome of trypanosomatids, phosphorylation on protein tyrosine residues has been reported in Trypanosoma brucei. Here, we characterized a Wee1-like protein kinase gene from T. brucei. Expression of TbWee1 in a Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain null for Wee1 inhibited cell division and caused cell elongation. This demonstrates the lengthening of G2, which provided cells with extra time to grow before dividing. The Wee1-like protein kinase was expressed in the procyclic and bloodstream proliferative slender forms of T. brucei and the role of Wee1 in cell cycle progression was analyzed by generating RNA interference cell lines. In the procyclic form of T. brucei, the knock-down of TbWee1 expression by RNAi led to inhibition of parasite growth. Abnormal phenotypes showing an increase in the percentage of cells with 1N0K, 0N1K and 2N1K were observed in these RNAi cell lines. Using parasites with a synchronized cell cycle, we demonstrated that TbWee1 is linked to the G2/M phase. We also showed that TbWee1 is an essential gene necessary for proper cell cycle progression and parasite growth in T. brucei. Our results provide evidence for the existence of a functional Wee1 in T. brucei with a potential role in cell division at G2/M.
Face Recognition using Local Derivative Pattern Face Descriptor

Face detection and recognition is becoming increasingly important in context of surveillance, credit card fraud detection, assistive devices for visual impaired, etc. There are multiple cues available and can be used as features. It has been observed that local features perform better than global cues. Local binary pattern and local derivative pattern try to encode directional pattern of a face image. Hence it becomes important to critically evaluate the performance of LBP and LDP for rotated and scaled faces. Facial features are extracted and compared using support vector machine classification algorithm. We have considered standard databases containing the rotated faces. Also, we have created a database of annotated rotation angle to find out the permissible degree of rotation for LBP and LDP.
A 3-D wideband multi-confocal ellipsoid model for wireless MIMO communication channels

This paper first proposes a novel three dimensional (3-D) wideband multi-confocal ellipsoid model for wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels. The proposed 3-D geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) describes the channel in both the azimuth direction and elevation direction, including delay, Doppler frequency, angle of departure (AoD), and angle of arrive (AoA). It can be shown that the ellipsoid model can capture the effect of the clusters more accurately than the previous elliptic-cylinder model. Using the proposed theoretical model as the reference model, the corresponding simulation model is also derived. Numerical results demonstrate that their statistical properties can match well.
Assessment of the effect of dentifrices on the growth of dental plaque.

Abstract A new technique for assessing the effects of dentifrices on the growth of human dental plaque is described. Laboratory personnel brushed their teeth with the dentifrices and a new plaque index, the Gingival margin Plaque Index, was used to measure plaque growth over the next 16 hours. The index estimates the proportion of the length of the buccal gingival margin in contact with disclosed plaque on the surface of each tooth. Dentifrices containing 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2% chlorhexidine digluconate caused a lower plaque growth than a placebo paste. The differences were highly significant (P < 0.001). The size of the reduction depended on the concentration of chlorhexidine in the dentifrices. The disclosing reagent had no major effect on plaque growth. The coefficient of linear correlation between results from two examiners was 0.89 for the measurement of plaque growth. Dentifrices containing a quaternary ammonium salt also reduced plaque growth.
NetDraino: Saving Network Resources via Selective Packet Drops

Contemporary end-servers and network-routers rely on traffic shaping to deal with server overload and network congestion. Although such traffic shaping provides a means to mitigate the effects of server overload and network congestion, the lack of cooperation between end-servers and network￢routers results in waste of network resources. To remedy this problem, we design, implement, and evaluate NetDraino, a novel mechanism that extends the existing queue-management schemes at routers to exploit the link congestion information at downstream end-servers. Specifically, NetDraino distributes the servers' traffic-shaping rules to the congested routers. The routers can then selectively discard those packets-as early as possible-that overloaded downstream servers will eventually drop, thus saving network resources for forwarding in-transit packets destined for non-overloaded servers. The functionality necessary for servers to distribute these filtering rules to routers is implemented within the Linux iptables and iproute2 architectures. Both of our simulation and experimentation results show that NetDraino significantly improves the overall network throughput with minimal overhead.
Network virtualization with dynamic resource pooling and trading mechanism

Network virtualization is a promising technology for the next generation network, which is required to offer a more dynamic and flexible network infrastructure. Virtual network embedding plays a vital role in the resource allocation of network virtualization. Current virtual network embedding allocates resources in an exclusive and excessive manner. For example, the whole bandwidth amount of the virtual network's peak traffic demand is allocated to the virtual network with full availability. However, such excessive resource allocation may result in resource under-utilization, leading to high user cost and low carrier revenue. To address this problem, we propose a new dynamic resource pooling and trading mechanism. The proposed mechanism is formulated as a Stackelberg game, using bandwidth as an example of the resources. We compare the user cost and the carrier revenue under the proposed mechanism against those under the exclusive resource allocation schemes. Our results show that under certain conditions, the "win-win" situation, in which the user saves cost and the carrier increases its revenue, exists and the optimal Subgame Perfect Equilibrium (SPE) point can be found.
Calculable corrections to brane black hole decay: The scalar case

It is a remarkable fact that in brane-world theories the true scale M * of quantum gravity may be substantially lower than the traditional Planck scale M pl , possibly approaching the TeV scale, and this radical departure from the standard picture is not excluded @1 #~ for earlier works on brane theories, see @2#! This observation has naturally excited a large amount of activity investigating both the structure of these theories and their experimental signals @3#. One of the most striking consequences of lowering the Planck scale to the TeV region is that the properties of small black holes are substantially altered @4#. A black hole of given mass M is now much lighter, larger, and colder than a usual black hole of the same mass, provided only that the Schwarschild radius r H of the black hole ~BH! is smaller than the size of the extra dimensions r H,R. In this limit, the black hole is well described as a (4 1n)-dimensional black hole centered on the brane, but extending out into the n extra dimensions. The horizon radius r H of such a black hole is @4,5#
Towards a formal model of shared memory consistency for Intel Itanium/sup TM/

Provides a simple formal model for Itanium/sup TM/ shared memory consistency covering a core set of instructions, that is reverse-engineered from <http://developer.intel. com/design/ia-64/downloads/24531802.htm> and <http://www.cs. utah.edu/mpv/papers/neiger/fmcad2001.pdf>. Our model sheds light on tricky concepts such as causality. It deals with cacheable memory instructions consisting of acquire loads, ordinary loads, release stores and ordinary stores, as well as memory fences. It does not currently handle atomic read-modify-writes, non-cacheable memory or special rules pertaining to data dependencies involving registers. Despite its simplicity, our model captures all published ordering properties of the instructions we consider. While operational models have been proposed for commercial shared memory systems (notably for Sparc V9), a notable feature of our operational model is its use of a few explicit devices such as vector timestamps to clearly describe the tricky notion of causality.
[A multicenter study on treatment of autonomous nerve-mediated syncope in children with beta-receptor blocker].

OBJECTIVE Syncope is a common pediatric emergency. Based on an epidemiologic survey in the USA, around 15% of children experienced syncopal attack, which strongly influenced the life, study and hurt the children mentally and physiologically. Therefore, exploring the therapeutic regimen has become a hot topic in the field of pediatric cardiology. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of beta receptor blocker in the treatment of children with autonomous nerve mediated syncope. METHODS Totally 103 children (43 males, 60 females, age 5 - 19 yrs, median 12.0 +/- 2.6 yrs) with autonomous nerve mediated syncope from Beijing, Hunan, Hubei and Shanghai, were included in this study. Forty-nine of them suffered from vasovagal syncope (VVS) and 54 suffered from postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). They were randomly divided into treatment group accepting oral metoprolol treatment and control group accepting oral rehydration salt treatment. The frequency of syncopal episodes and the outcome of head-up tilt (HUT) test were observed. SPSS 10.0 software was used for the statistical analysis of these data. RESULTS The cure rate of children who suffered from VVS and POTS and took oral metoprolol was 60.61% and 68.75%, respectively, but in the control group, the cure rate was only 18.75% and 0.00%, respectively. The rate of improvement of children who suffered from VVS and POTS and were treated with oral metoprolol was 15.15% and 15.63%, respectively, and in the control group, it was 6.25% and 40.91%, respectively. The effective rates for cases of VVS and POTS treated with oral metoprolol were higher than those of cases received oral rehydration salt treatment (P < 0.01). The percentage of the change from positive HUT to negative for children with VVS and POTS who took oral metoprolol therapy was 60.61% and 68.75%, respectively, but in control group, it was only 18.75% and 9.09%, respectively (P < 0.01). There was a significant difference in the percentage of the change from positive HUT to negative between children with VVS treated with oral metoprolol and with oral rehydration salt (P < 0.01). Also, a significant difference was found in the percentage of the change from positive HUT to negative between children with POTS treated with oral metoprolol and with oral rehydration salt (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION beta receptor blocker is effective in the treatment of children with VVS or POTS.
Cross-layer wireless bit rate adaptation

This paper presents SoftRate, a wireless bit rate adaptation protocol that is responsive to rapidly varying channel conditions. Unlike previous work that uses either frame receptions or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimates to select bit rates, SoftRate uses confidence information calculated by the physical layer and exported to higher layers via the SoftPHY interface to estimate the prevailing channel bit error rate (BER). Senders use this BER estimate, calculated over each received packet (even when the packet has no bit errors), to pick good bit rates. SoftRate's novel BER computation works across different wireless environments and hardware without requiring any retraining. SoftRate also uses abrupt changes in the BER estimate to identify interference, enabling it to reduce the bit rate only in response to channel errors caused by attenuation or fading. Our experiments conducted using a software radio prototype show that SoftRate achieves 2X higher throughput than popular frame-level protocols such as SampleRate and RRAA. It also achieves 20% more throughput than an SNR-based protocol trained on the operating environment, and up to 4X higher throughput than an untrained SNR-based protocol. The throughput gains using SoftRate stem from its ability to react to channel variations within a single packet-time and its robustness to collision losses.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Children and Adolescents Successful Role of Retrieval Therapy

Background The nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adolescents usually presents in advanced locoregional stages. Methods Seeventeen patients, below the age of 18 years, with the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were diagnosed and treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo, Egypt, during the period 1982-1987. These 17 patients were selected from 28 patients of the same age group to whom the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal malignancies were established. This diagnosis was confirmed morphologically and with immunostaining using antibodies against leucocyte common antigen (LCA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin and vimentin. Results Eighty two percent of our patients were in T3 + T4 and 94 % had N 1-3 nodal status. The loco-regional control was 94 % with adequate conventional radiotherapy, while the distant metastasis rate was also high (81 %). The 5-year actuarial survival rate was 47 ± 11 % and the survival worsened with the advancement in T stage. However, the present study did not show any influence of N stage on survival. The relatively high survival rate depended mainly upon successful retrieval therapy with radiochemotherapy. Conclusions This emphasizes the role of combination chemotherapy in the treatment of relapsing nasopharyngeal carcinoma in young patients.
Lymphocyte activation. IV. The ultrastructural pattern of the response of mouse T and B cells to mitogenic stimulation in vitro.

Thymocytes from cortisone-treated mice (`T' cells), `B' spleen cells (B lymphocytes from thymectomized, irradiated, marrow reconstituted mice) and normal spleen (T + B) cells were examined by electron microscopy after 60 hours stimulation by Concanavalin A (a T cell specific mitogen), endotoxin (B cell specific mitogen), and pokeweed mitogen (which stimulates both T and B cells). Stimulation of T cells by Con A or PWM induced the appearance of lymphoblasts (Type I) and only PWM or endotoxin stimulated B cells developed `plasmablast' features (dilated, vesicular rough endoplasmic reticulum; Type II). A few stimulated B cells also had lymphoblast morphology. Large cells from normal (T + B) spleen stimulated by PWM were heterogeneous consisting of 55–60 per cent plasmablasts and 40–45 per cent lymphoblasts. It was concluded that the ultrastructure of stimulated lymphocytes depended on whether T or B cells were stimulated and not primarily on the mitogen used. In general, the response evoked by mitogens paralleled at the ultrastructural level that induced by antigens. It was also found that multivesicular bodies and glycogen particles occurred predominantly in the cytoplasm of stimulated T cells (lymphoblasts).
Contents Section 1 : Paper Presentations Machine Learning/ Artificial Intelligence a 3-layered Self-reconfigurable Generic Model for Self-diagnosis of Telecommunication Networks an Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System-based Approach for Oil and Gas Pipeline Defect Depth Estimation Practical Machine

Astrocytes, one type of glial cells, are considered to be an active partner to neurons in processing information of Central Nervous System (CNS). Therefore, studying the interaction between the astrocytes and neurons is important to create a novel model for Artificial Neuron-Glial Networks (ANGN). In this paper, a novel model for (ANGN) is proposed to model the real time interaction between Astrocytes and neurons by using Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) and mathematical models for astrocyte-neuron interaction. How could this proposed model will be biologically inspired to model the real time interaction between astrocytes and neurons and to improve the performance of the SNN? However, these mathematical models are generalized and simplified to be used in the proposed network. The performance of the proposed network was compared with standard SNN and the simulation results showed that the proposed model evoked more spikes to fire whenever astrocytes were activating in a time window. This indicates that astrocytes are playing significant roles in processing information of the ANGN. Keywords—Spiking Response Model; Spiking Neural Network; Astrocytes