Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND VERSUS LASER ON PAIN AND FUNCTION IN SUBJECTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE

Background:Osteoarthritis(OA) is a degenerative joint disease which leads to loss of hyaline articular cartilage associated with underlying bony changes. Knee osteoarthritis(KOA) is associated with pain and functional impairment which negatively affects the patients quality of life. Ultrasound and LASER have been found effective in KOA but studies comparing the two are less. Method:An experimental study was conducted with 21 patients of unilateral KOA randomized into three groups. Each group had 7 patients. Group A- Ultrasound- 1MHz, Pulsed1:1, 0.8W/cm2, 10 min on medial knee joint line. Group B- LASER- 7.6J for 1 min and 30 sec for each trigger point. Group C-Conventional physiotherapy. All subjects received conventional physical therapy with hot packs and quadriceps exercise of affected knee. Outcome measures used were Numerical pain rating scale(NPRS), Sit to stand(STS) and Timed up and go test(TUG). Result:Using Wilcoxon test, mean difference in painin Group A(W=-2.414,p=0.016), GroupB(W=-2.460,p=0.014 ), GroupC(W=-2.392 ,p=0.017). Mean difference in STS in GroupA(W=-2.392,p=0.017 ), Group B(W=-2.392,p=0.017 ), Group C(W=-2.428,p=0.015). Mean difference in TUG, Group A(W=-2.366,p=0.018),GroupB(W=-2.371,p=0.018 ) Group C(W=-2.375 ,p=0.018 ). Applying Kruskal-Wallis test, mean difference between the groups, for pain(KW=6.612,p=0.037), STS(KW=3.020,p=0.221) and TUG(KW=7.822,p=0.020). Applying Bonferronis post hoc test mean difference in pain between groups Aand B was statistically significant(p=0.03), and mean difference in TUG between groups Band C was statistically significant(p=0.013). Conclusion:Ultrasound,LASER and conventional physiotherapy are effective in reducing pain, improving function and mobility in subjects with OA knee. LASER is more effective than ultrasound and conventional PT for pain and more effective than conventional PT for mobility.
Measuring N2O emissions from organic soils by closed chamber or soil/snow N2O gradient methods

Drained organic soils contribute substantial amounts of nitrous oxide to the global atmosphere, and we should be able to estimate this contribution. We have investigated when the fluxes of N2O from drained forested or cultivated organic soils could be determined by calculating the fluxes from the concentration gradients of the gas in soil or snow according to Fick's law of diffusion. A static chamber method was applied as a control technique for the gas gradient method. Concentrations of N2O in soil varied from 296 nl l−1 to 8534 nl l−1 during the snow‐free periods and were greatest in the early summer. Our results suggest that the gas gradient method can be used to estimate N2O emissions from drained organic soils. There was some systematic difference in the N2O fluxes measured with these two methods, which we attributed to the differences in weather between years 1996 and 1997. In the wet summer of 1996 the chamber method gave greater flux rates than the gas gradient method, and the reverse was true in the dry summer of 1997. In the forest the N2O fluxes measured with the two methods agreed well. The gas gradient is convenient and fast for measuring N2O emissions from fairly dry organic unfrozen soil. In winter the diffusion calculation based on the N2O gradients in snow and the chamber method gave fairly similar flux rates and provided adequate estimates of the fluxes of N2O in winter.
A Novel Way to Measure the Concentration of a Spray in a Spray Dryer

A new experimental technique to capture milk concentrate droplets from inside a 150-kg powder/h pilot spray dryer is presented. The technique uses liquid nitrogen to capture the droplets in the dryer and to preserve their moisture content. The droplets are kept frozen until the moisture content can be measured. This technique can be applied to sample the sprays from any semi-commercial-scale spray dryer or similar apparatus.
Sparsely Connected CNN for Efficient Automatic Modulation Recognition

This paper proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN), called SCGNet, for low-complexity and robust modulation recognition in intelligent communication receivers. Principally, the network combines two types of sparse convolutional layers–depthwise and regular grouped in an architecture to achieve high recognition accuracy while keeping the network more lightweight. The network architecture leverages sparsely connected convolutional layers in three principal modules: speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT), deep feature extraction and processing (DFEP), and generic feature extraction (GFE) data pre-processing module. For a good tradeoff between complexity and accuracy, SAT deploys depthwise convolutional layers to enrich the relevant features outputted by the former GFE module. In addition to SAT, DFEP employs a cascade of regular grouped convolutional layers for mining more discriminative features from SAT via a multilayer transformation module. This cascade structure aims to prevent a loss of essential details of the signal as the network becomes deeper. Additionally, skip connections are deployed between sub-blocks within SAT and DFEP to allow inter-module feature sharing and to handle inter-block features loss. Experimental results on the RadioML2018.01A dataset indicate that SCGNet achieves an overall recognition accuracy of around 94.39% at a signal-to-noise ratio of +20 dB.
Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Knee Joint in a 10-Year-Old Patient Treated With an All-Arthroscopic Synovectomy: A Case Report

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a relatively rare, benign lesion characterized by exuberant proliferation of the synovial tissue that most commonly affects the knee and hip joint. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis of PVNS. The disease is confirmed histologically by examination of the synovial tissue removed. The mainstay of treatment is synovectomy, performed in an open, arthroscopic, or combined fashion. Although postoperative adjuvant external beam radiotherapy can improve the local recurrence rate, the course of the disease is not always uneventful. We present a rare case of a 10-year-old boy presented to our orthopaedic department with a four-month history of intermittent right knee pain and swelling. MRI revealed joint effusion and extensive nodular synovial proliferation suggestive of PVNS. An arthroscopic synovectomy was performed and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The postoperative course was uneventful. Clinical suspicion of PVNS is essential in children with chronic knee pain and swelling. Arthroscopic synovectomy is an effective and reliable treatment option.
Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer in Heat Exchanger Channels With Spherical Holes

Results of classification of the existed data on hydrodynamics and heat transfer under forced convection in channels with spherical holes (SHs) are presented. Energy efficiency of the use of SHs under laminar and turbulent flow of a coolant is shown. Effects of regime and design parameters on heat transfer in such channels are studied. The flow-regime chart is developed.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Assessing the impacts of reservoirs on downstream hydrological frequency based on a general rainfall-reservoir index

When large reservoirs are built and put into operation, the downstream hydrological processes will be altered significantly, and ecology and agricultural irrigation water of the basin will be affected to some extent. The reservoir index (RI) and the sediment trapping efficiency (TE) of reservoirs are defined to quantify the reservoir impacts on the water flow and sediment by considering the static storage capacity. However, the regulating effect of reservoirs on hydrological variables is not only related to static storage capacity, but also to dynamic reservoir operation. Thus, in this paper, a general rainfall-reservoir index (GRRI) is developed by coupling reservoir regulation indicator (RR, including RI and TE) and effective rainfall affecting the dynamic operation of reservoirs, and the GRRI is used as the covariate to carry out the nonstationary frequency analysis of flood (Q) and annual sediment load (S) at Gaochang (GC) station in Min River, Wulong (WL) station in Wu River, Ankang (AK), Huangjiagang (HJG) and Huangzhuang (HZ) station in Han River, and Cuntan (CT) station on the main stream of the upper Yangtze River. It is found that Q and S at six stations have obvious changes induced by reservoirs, the mean of Q decreases by 22.8%–60.6%, and S drops by 47.7%–89.5% after the change-point of time series. The nonstationary probability distribution models with GRRI as the covariate have better fitting effects than nonstationary models with RR as the covariate. With the incorporation of the impacts of effective rainfall, the GRRI can more accurately capture the occurrence of nonstationarity in the downstream hydrological frequency. These results might be helpful for exploring the impact mechanism of the reservoir regulation on the downstream hydrological variables as well as ecological management of basin.
19F NMR Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Analysis of Carbonyl Groups in Lignins

Summary The amount of carbonyl groups in an organosolv lignin was determined by 19F NMR spectroscopy after different derivatizations: derivatization with trifluoromethylphenylhydrazine, fluorobenzoylation of alcohol groups formed after NaBH4 reduction of lignin, fluorobenzoylation of phenolic hydroxyl groups after catalytic hydrogenation of lignin. Oximation was also used for comparison. Carbonyl group contents determined by 19F NMR after trifluoromethylphenylhydrazine derivatization were in good correlation with results from other methods. Trifluoromethylphenylhydrazine derivatization is a fast and easy technique, which provides a distinct quantification of aldehyde, ketone and quinone groups. Some round robin lignins (Milne et al. 1992), using trifluoromethylphenylhydrazine derivatization and modified oximation (Zakis 1994) provided significantly higher carbonyl group contents than the round robin test data, which had been measured either by classical oximation or by reduction-UV methods. Other recently reported carbonyl group estimations on round robin lignins (Faix et al. 1998; Ahvazi et al. 1999) were either in agreement or in disagreement with the herein-presented results. This indicates that carbonyl group analysis in lignins is difficult and that care must be taken when selecting an appropriate method.
Effect of grafting on the quality and apperance of eggplant fruit

Grafting is a connection of two plant tissues, which are forced to develop vascular connection and grow as a single plant. Vegetable grafting has been used in Solanaceae family and Cucurbitaceae family for several reasons e.g. increasing tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses, improving plant growth and yield. Fruit quality and appearance of vegetables may be influenced by grafting methods. Researchers have found contradictory results of fruit quality and appearance even in eggplant grafting due to different production environments, types of rootstock/scion combinations. In current review, we summarise available information on the effects of grafting and different rootstocks on eggplant fruit quality.
Stalk-Juice Quality Traits of Sweet Sorghum as Affected by Season in Sudan

An experiment was conducted in Shambat (2012-2013) during the summer and winter seasons to study the stalk-juice quality parameters of 29 exotic and local sweet sorghum varieties as affected by season. The objectives were to provide basic data attributing to syrup and sugar (jaggery) production in the Sudan. The materials were arranged in RCB design. Data were collected on brix, pol (sucrose %), reducing sugars, total sugars, purity and pH. The single and combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among varieties for all traits studied. The variety x season interaction was significant for all traits other than total sugars %, implying the need for considering the variety choice in each season. The results of juice quality parameters were mostly within the range reported in the literature. The exotic materials excelled the local ones in brix, pol%, total sugars% and purity. The exotic varieties: N100, Red-X, Hastings and N110 as well as the local Ankolib selections: AnkNyala and Ank36 were identified as having juice quality traits suitable for syrup production. The exotic varieties: BlueRibbon, KansasCollies and Brawley were identified for sugar (jaggery) production. It was concluded that interaction of variety x season and yield parameters for juice, grain and stover should be considered when determining the choice of the variety. Future research should focus on developing multi-purpose varieties capable for concurrent production of syrup/sugar, grain and stover.
Uranium (VI) Reduction by Denitrifying Biomass

ABSTRACT Groundwater near the S3 ponds at the US Department of Energy's Y-12 site in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, is contaminated by high levels of nitrate (up to 160 mM) and U(VI) (∼0.3 mM). To minimize nitrate inhibition, the authors proposed extraction of contaminated groundwater, nitrate removal in a denitrifying fluidized bed bioreactor (FBR), and return of nitrate-free effluent to the aquifer to stimulate in situ microbial reduction of U(VI). In the presence of carbonate, U(VI) sorption to biomass was negligible, but in its absence, sorption was significant. Biomass reduced U(VI) to U(IV), exhibiting slow first-order removal with respect to U(VI). Addition of electron donor increased rates. Addition of an inhibitor of sulfate reduction (molybdate) slowed the rate and inhibited sulfate reduction. Denitrifying β-Proteobacteria dominated clone libraries of SSU rRNA and dsrA gene sequences. Approximately 10% were low-G+C microorganisms that had 90% to 92% sequence identity with Sporomusa, Acetonema, and Propionispora. The dsrA sequences were dominated by a single clone with ∼80% nucleotide identity to dsrA of Desulfovibrio vulgaris sub sp. oxamicus. The authors conclude that some members of this denitrifyng community reduce uranium, and that sulfate-reducing bacteria likely contribute to this capability.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Latent membrane Protein 1 and Human Twist Protein in Patients with Thyroid Cancer

Epstein Barr virus is tumour virus that expresses cancer genes and immortalizes infected lymphocytes. This study is designed to determine the presence of the LMP-1 and human Twist protein and study the association between them in a patient with thyroid cancer and benign lesion. The retrospective study consists of 40 formalinixed, paraf in-embedded thyroid tissue blocks were obtained, from 20 patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma and 20 patients with thyroid follicular carcinoma, and compared with 10 tissues from follicular hyperplasia without atypia were collected from Teaching Laboratories in Medical city, Baghdad, during the period from July 2019 till February 2020. Tissue blocks were used for the detection of LMP1 and human twist protein by immunohistochemistry technique. The results of LMP-1 was (45%, 40% and30%) respectively and high proportionwas noticed in females thanmales, (77.78%), (78%), (100%) respectively, and the results reveal high percentage 66.67% in age (20-40 years). Human twist protein shows that the most favourable cases 9 (45%), 8 (40%), in patients with PTC and FTC while no instances in the control group. In conclusion, LMP1 and human Twist protein may have an essential role in the progression of thyroid cancer.
Energy Transition in Aviation: The Role of Cryogenic Fuels

Aviation is the backbone of our modern society. In 2019, around 4.5 billion passengers travelled through the air. However, at the same time, aviation was also responsible for around 5% of anthropogenic causes of global warming. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the aviation sector in the short term is clearly very high, but the long-term effects are still unknown. However, with the increase in global GDP, the number of travelers is expected to increase between three- to four-fold by the middle of this century. While other sectors of transportation are making steady progress in decarbonizing, aviation is falling behind. This paper explores some of the various options for energy carriers in aviation and particularly highlights the possibilities and challenges of using cryogenic fuels/energy carriers such as liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquefied natural gas (LNG).
Dispersion of nanoplatelets of graphite on PMMA matrix by in situ polymerisation technique

Poly(methyl methacrylate)/expanded graphite (PMMA/EG) composites were prepared by the incorporation of EG in various proportions (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) with PMMA by in situ polymerisation technique. The polymer composites were characterised by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopies. The structural property of PMMA/EG nanocomposites was studied by X-ray diffraction. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of synthesised composites were taken in order to study their morphological properties. The conductivity of composites was measured as function of EG concentration. It was found that conductivity of composites gradually increased with the increase in EG loading. Oxygen permeability of PMMA/EG nanocomposites was calculated and it was found that the property was reduced substantially with rise of EG proportion. The thermal stability of PMMA/EG nanocomposites was improved by dispersion of EG with PMMA matrix.
New Chemical Constituents from Borreria verticillata (Rubiaceae)

A phytochemical study on Borreria verticillata has led to the isolation of two novel simple indole alkaloids, 6-methoxy-4-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-1H-indole, named verticillatine A (1), and 1-(1H-indol-6-yl)-3-methylbutan-1-one, named verticillatine B (2), one new iridoid, 6′-O-(2-glyceryl)scandoside methyl ester (3), with the glycerol unit linked to a glucose unit, and two known ones, asperuloside (4) and scandoside methyl ester (5). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic-data analyses, mainly 1H- and 13C-NMR, including 2D experiments (1H,1H-COSY, NOESY, HMBC, and HMQC), and HR-ESI-MS.
Solvation of Oligo(ethylene glycol)-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers Studied by Vibrational Sum Frequency Spectroscopy

Self-assembled monolayers of methyl(1-mercaptoundec-11-yl)tri(ethylene glycol) (CH3O(C2H4O)3C11H22SH, EG3-OMe) adsorbed on gold were investigated by IR−vis sum frequency generation in the range of the C−H stretching vibrations. Comparison of the monolayers in ambient atmosphere, in contact with water, and in contact with carbon tetrachloride revealed that the film structure is strongly disturbed by the interaction of the liquid with the monolayer. The ordered structure found in air undergoes an amorphization upon exposure to the solvents. The experiments demonstrate that in situ analysis of the film structure is mandatory.
VULNERABILITY OF WEATHER ON COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

Background: COVID-19 is a pandemic that spreads very fast. Until now, COVID-19 has spread in 207 countries.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between weather factors and COVID-19 in West Java, Indonesia. This study used a secondary data analysis of weather data from the Meteorological Department of the Republic of Indonesia and surveillance of COVID-19 from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The weather has five components, including minimum temperature (0C), maximum temperature (0C), temperature average (0C), humidity (%), amount of rainfall (mm), and wind speed (m/s). Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test.Result: Of the weather components, only temperature average (r = 0.545; p 0.001) and humidity (r = -0.500; p 0.001) significantly correlated with COVID-19.Conclusion: The results can be used to decrease the pandemic of COVID-19 in Indonesia.
Assessing the Consequences of the Pandemic for the Russian Economy Through an Input-Output Model

This paper evaluates the impact of anti-coronavirus measures on the dynamics of economic activity. In addition to primary shocks directly caused by restrictive measures, we assess their secondary effects through inter-industry relationships. Our assessments show that secondary effects impact more industries than primary effects do. The overall impact of secondary effects on the economy proves to be of a larger scale than the impact of primary effects with high heterogeneity of dynamics by industry.
Anticipation and Consumption

This paper introduces a model of how the timing of information affects consumption decisions and tests its predictions in both developed and developing contexts. In our model, consumers form intertemporal plans and experience utility from anticipating future consumption. The model predicts excess sensitivity of spending to receiving a windfall, with smaller spending responses when there is more time to anticipate receiving the payment. The prediction that waiting leads to more patient decisions does not depend on whether consumers are liquidity constrained. Using Nielsen Consumer Panel data, we find higher marginal propensities to spend for households scheduled to receive the 2008 Economic Stimulus Payments sooner. Using data from randomized experiments in Kenya and Malawi, we find higher savings and assets among households scheduled to wait longer before receiving lump-sum unconditional cash transfers. Finally, we discuss existing evidence on how consumption responds to gains, losses, and news in light of our model.
A Scientometric Assessment of Global Publications in E Learning Research during 2003 to 18

The paper provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of global publications output in the domain of e-learning research (1809 publications). The data was sourced from Scopus database during 2003-18. The study finds that global e-learning research registered 18.92 per cent annual average growth, averaged 6.90 citations per paper in a 16-year window. The distribution of global research in the subject is highly skewed as 10 out of 94 participating countries account for 62.58 per cent global publications share. A total of 449 authors from 387 organisations contributed to global e-learning research. The top 15 organisations collectively contributed 14.81 per cent global publication share and 24.52 per cent global citation share respectively. The top 15 authors contributed 7.89 per cent global publication share and and 33.45 per cent global citation share respectively during the period. Carnegie Mellon University, USA (49 papers) is the most productive organisations in the world, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan (23.29 and 3.37) is the most cited organisation. M. Vivou (24 papers) is most prolific author in the world and C.M. Chen (103.0 and 14.93) the most cited author in the subject. Computers and Education and Computers in Human Behavior (20 papers) were the leading journals publishing on this theme.
Prediction of Tropospheric Ozone Concentration by Employing Artificial Neural Networks

Air pollution modeling and prediction have great importance in preventing the occurrence of air pollution episodes and provide sufficient time to take the necessary precautions. Recently various algorithms such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) is applied to air quality modeling. The present work aims to predict tropospheric ozone concentration by the ANN with three pollutant parameters and eight meteorological factors in selected areas. We have preferred three-layer perceptron type of ANNs, which consists of input, hidden, and output layers, respectively. To evaluate the performance of the ANN model, selected statistical performance parameters are used. The overall system finds correlation parameter, r between 0.8 and 0.9 for the test data sets. Therefore, results show the successful follow of estimated ozone concentrations by the model with the observed values. Finally, it was seen that the ANN is one of the compromising methods in estimation of environmental complex air pollution problems.