Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification and Identification of Essential Oils from Herbs and Fruits Based on a MOS Electronic-Nose Technology

The frequent occurrence of adulterated or counterfeit plant products sold in worldwide commercial markets has created the necessity to validate the authenticity of natural plant-derived palatable products, based on product-label composition, to certify pricing values and for regulatory quality control (QC). The necessity to confirm product authenticity before marketing has required the need for rapid-sensing, electronic devices capable of quickly evaluating plant product quality by easily measurable volatile (aroma) emissions. An experimental MAU-9 electronic nose (e-nose) system, containing a sensor array with 9 metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, was developed with capabilities to quickly identify and classify volatile essential oils derived from fruit and herbal edible-plant sources. The e-nose instrument was tested for efficacy to discriminate between different volatile essential oils present in gaseous emissions from purified sources of these natural food products. Several chemometric data-analysis methods, including pattern recognition algorithms, principal component analysis (PCA), and support vector machine (SVM) were utilized and compared. The classification accuracy of essential oils using PCA, LDA and QDA, and SVM methods was at or near 100%. The MAU-9 e-nose effectively distinguished between different purified essential oil aromas from herbal and fruit plant sources, based on unique e-nose sensor array responses to distinct, essential-oil specific mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
ROLE OF SCHOOL POLITICS IN MANAGEMENT OF UNRESTS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS

The unrests witnessed in 2018 reminded Kenyans of past bloody episodes, which, though rare, caused pain, loss and destruction. Several parents are likely to still be struggling to come to terms with the loss and destruction of those events. Unfortunately, despite several studies that have tried to investigate and recommend solutions for these menaces, this is still freshly being experienced in the country. This scenario informed the study with the purpose of investigating the role of school politics in management of unrests in public secondary schools in Kenya. The study was guided by conflict theory and theory of symbolic interactionism, and a descriptive survey design with a target population of the 57 public secondary schools in Taita Taveta County, Kenya. The sample consisted of 194 headteachers, heads of departments and Board of Management members. Stratified random sampling was used to select respondents. The study used a questionnaire and interviews to collect data. The study found that school politics including teachers’ incitement has a significant role in management of unrests in public secondary schools in Taita Taveta County. Article visualizations:
As the Two-Child Policy Beckons: Work–Family Conflicts, Gender Strategies and Self-Worth among Women from the First One-Child Generation in Contemporary China

How do women from the one-child generation make fertility choices and negotiate work–family relationships under the two-child policy? I address this question by using 82 in-depth interviews with siblingless women from the first one-child cohort. This study unifies Gerson and Peiss’s and Kandiyoti’s conceptual frameworks on boundaries and gender strategies but adds a new dimension of self-worth. The data reveal three different fertility strategies: rejection, acceptance and procrastination, each representing different negotiations with patriarchal boundaries and assessment of self-worth. In particular, the findings highlight how the patriarchal tactics – within the state, the workplace and individual families – are coordinated and transformed into widely available discourse on fertility duties, meritocracy and productivity, thus maintaining rigid patriarchal boundaries across private and public spheres. Rather than being subservient to multifaceted patriarchal power, women strategise to evaluate and validate their competing work–family identities through the language of moral, financial and/or status worthiness.
The impact of government debt on economic growth in Nigeria

Abstract This study investigated the effect of government debt on Nigeria’s economic growth using annual data from 1980 to 2018 and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag technique. The empirical results showed that external debt constituted an impediment to long-term growth while its short-term effect was growth-enhancing. Domestic debt had a significant positive impact on long-term growth while its short-term effect was negative. In the long term and short term, debt service payments led to growth retardation confirming debt overhang effect. The findings suggested that the government should direct the borrowed funds to the diversification of the productive base of the economy. This will improve long-term economic growth, expand the revenue base and strengthen the capacity to repay outstanding debts when due. Fiscal improvements that encourage domestic resource mobilization, efficient debt management strategies and reliance on domestic debt rather than external debt for increased deficit financing to engender greater growth are the main contribution of the study.
Soil textures rather than root hairs dominate water uptake and soil-plant hydraulics under drought.

Although the role of root hairs (RHs) in nutrient uptake is well documented, their role in water uptake and drought tolerance remains controversial. Maize (Zea mays) wild-type and its hair-defective mutant (Mut; roothairless 3) were grown in two contrasting soil textures (sand and loam). We used a root pressure chamber to measure the relation between transpiration rate (E) and leaf xylem water potential (ψleaf_x) during soil drying. Our hypotheses were: (1) RHs extend root-soil contact and reduce the ψleaf_x decline at high E in dry soils; (2) the impact of RHs is more pronounced in sand; and (3) Muts partly compensate for lacking RHs by producing longer and/or thicker roots. The ψleaf_x(E) relation was linear in wet conditions and became nonlinear as the soils dried. This nonlinearity occurred more abruptly and at less negative matric potentials in sand (ca. -10 kPa) than in loam (ca. -100 kPa). At more negative soil matric potentials, soil hydraulic conductance became smaller than root hydraulic conductance in both soils. Both genotypes exhibited 1.7 times longer roots in loam, but 1.6 times thicker roots in sand. No differences were observed in the ψleaf_x(E) relation and active root length between the two genotypes. In maize, RHs had a minor contribution to soil-plant hydraulics in both soils and their putative role in water uptake was smaller than that reported for barley (Hordeum vulgare). These results suggest that the role of RHs cannot be easily generalized across species and soil textures affect the response of root hydraulics to soil drying.
The use of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in dementia: A literature review

Positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) is an emerging hybrid imaging system in clinical nuclear medicine. Research demonstrates a comparative utility to current unimodal and hybrid methods, including PET‐computed tomography (PET/CT), in several medical subspecialities such as neuroimaging. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the literature from 2016 to 2021 using PET/MRI for the investigation of patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia, and discuss the evidence base for widening its application into clinical practice.
Ownership concentration, foreign ownership and tunneling in Indonesia

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of ownership concentration and foreign ownership on tunneling activities in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach The population in this study were manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2018. The total observations used in this study were 557 observations. This study used three measurements to assess tunneling activities in a company, namely, related party receivables (TUL1), related party payables (TUL2) and related party receivables-payables (TUL3). Findings The results of this study indicated that ownership concentration and foreign ownership had a negative effect on tunneling activity of TUL1. Meanwhile, the effect of ownership concentration and foreign ownership on TUL2 and TUL3 showed a positive effect. This indicated that manufacturing companies in Indonesia preferred to carry out tunneling activities through related party payables compared with related party receivables. Foreign ownership was also effective in controlling the company’s tunneling activities when the company conducted tunneling transactions of related party receivables. Small companies and companies with positive return on assets were more susceptible to tunneling activities carried out by the companies. Practical implications The results of this study can be used as a consideration for investors in making decisions by looking at tunneling activities carried out by companies in Indonesia. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous study in the tunneling literature has compared the results of the effect of the concentration of foreign ownership and ownership on tunneling using three measurements at once. This is useful to see the company’s behavior of tunneling activities from a different perspective.
Efficient Dark Channel Prior Based Blind Image De-blurring

Dark channel prior for blind image de-blurring has attained considerable attention in recent past. An interesting observation in blurring process is that the value of dark channel increases after averaging with adjacent high intensity pixels. Lo regularization is proposed to curtail the value of dark channel. Half quadratic splitting method is used to solve the non-convex behavior of Lo regularization. Furthermore, Discrete Wavelet Transform has been incorporated prior to de-blurring to increase the efficiency of algorithm. The most significant finding of this paper is a universal blind image de-blurring algorithm with reduced computational complexity. Experiments are performed and their results are comparable with state of the art de-blurring methods to evaluate the performance of algorithm. Experimental results also reveals that wavelet based dark channel prior image de-blurring is efficient for both uniform and nonuniform blur.
Differences Between Flashes With and Without Return Strokes in Rocket‐Triggered Lightning

Based on simultaneous observation of currents and electric field changes, the differences have been identified between flashes with and without return strokes in rocket‐triggered lightning. The triggered lightning events without return stroke have an obvious no‐current period up to some milliseconds before the current flow is reestablished, then a relatively large amplitude (1.2 kA or so) and fast risetime (0.7 μs or less) pulse similar to those of the return stroke current are reestablished between the upward positive leader and the ground. The triggered lightning events with return strokes have no no‐current period in the initial current variation, and the current pulse of wire destruction and plasma channel reestablishment process is similar to the M‐component pulse, featuring a small amplitude (0.17 kA or so) and slow risetime (57 μs or more). The stronger initial stage is usually followed by return strokes.
Bone Nanomechanical Properties and Relationship to Bone Turnover and Architecture in Patients With Atypical Femur Fractures: A Prospective Nested Case‐Control Study

Atypical femur fractures (AFFs) are well‐established serious complication of long‐term bisphosphonate and denosumab therapy in patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis. To elucidate underlying mechanism(s) for the development of AFF, we performed a nested case‐control study to investigate bone tissue nanomechanical properties and prevailing bone microstructure and tissue‐level remodeling status as assessed by bone histomorphometry. We hypothesized that there would be differences in nanomechanical properties between patients with and without AFF and that bone microstructure and remodeling would be related to nanomechanical properties. Thirty‐two full‐thickness transiliac bone biopsies were obtained from age‐ and sex‐matched patients on long‐term bisphosphonate therapy with (n = 16) and without an AFF (n = 16). Standard histomorphometric measurements were made in each sample on three different bone envelopes (cancellous, intracortical, and endosteal). Iliac bone wall thickness was significantly lower on all three bone surfaces in patients with AFF than in those without AFF. Surface‐based bone formation rate was suppressed similarly in both groups in comparison to healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women, with no significant difference between the two groups. Nanoindentation was used to assess material properties of cortical and cancellous bone separately. Elastic modulus was higher in cortical than in cancellous bone in patients with AFF as well as compared to the elastic modulus of cortical bone from non‐AFF patients. However, the elastic modulus of the cancellous bone was not different between AFF and non‐AFF groups or between cortical and cancellous bone of non‐AFF patients. Resistance to plastic deformation was decreased in cortical bone in both AFF and non‐AFF groups compared to cancellous bone, but to a greater extent in AFF patients. We conclude that long‐term bisphosphonate therapy is associated with prolonged suppression of bone turnover resulting in altered cortical remodeling and tissue nanomechanical properties leading to AFF. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
How the skin-pass rolling reduction ratio affects the strain aging behaviour of low-carbon steel sheets

When producing cold-rolled steel sheets, the penultimate annealing process is followed by a final skin-pass rolling (or temper rolling) whose purpose is to eliminate any discontinuous yielding which creates stretcher–strain markings when the steel sheets are formed. To find out the critical reduction ratio eliminating the discontinuous yield phenomenon, the samples were annealed at 820°C for 3 min and then subjected to the temper rolling at various thickness reductions at room temperature. Results showed that the discontinuous yield phenomenon could not be eliminated in the case of a thickness reduction less than 0.5%, that a certain reduction ratio should be exceeded to eliminate the discontinuous yielding, and that the aging time varied depending on the reduction ratio. In addition, while the low-carbon steels did not undergo strain aging in three months with a 1% thickness reduction, they underwent strain aging in at least four months with higher thickness reductions.
Total Surface Current Vector and Shear from a Sequence of Satellite images: Effect of Waves in Opposite Directions

The total surface current velocity (TSCV)—the horizontal vector quantity that advects seawater—is an essential climate variable, with few observations available today. The TSCV can be derived from the phase speed of surface gravity waves, and the estimates of the phase speeds of different wavelengths could give a measure of the vertical shear. Here, we combine 10-m resolution Level-1C of the Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument, acquired with time lags up to 1 s, and numerical simulation of these images. Retrieving the near-surface shear requires a specific attention to waves in opposing directions when estimating a single-phase speed from the phase difference in an image pair. Opposing waves lead to errors in phase speeds that are most frequent for shorter wavelengths. We propose an alternative method using a least squares fit of the current speed and amplitudes of waves in opposing directions to the observed complex amplitudes of a sequence of three images. When applied to Sentinel-2, this method generally provides more noisy estimate of the current. A byproduct of this analysis is the “opposition spectrum” which is a key quantity in the sources of microseisms and microbaroms. For future possible sensors, the retrieval of TSCV and shear can benefit from increased time lags, resolution, and exposure time of acquisition. These findings should allow new investigations of near-surface
Social Commerce and the Hedonic Utilitarian Nexus: An Empirical Analysis

The development of social networking sites has led to the appearance of social commerce using Web 2.0 to support social exchange activities. While this topic has received attention in the literature, research still lacks theoretical foundation tackling the relationships between hedonic, utilitarian motivations and social commerce purchase intentions. This study addresses this shortcoming, as it investigates these relations. A theoretical model was proposed and tested using a survey. Findings indicate that the higher the hedonic value derived from a social network, the more trustworthy this channel becomes and the higher the purchase intention. Furthermore, economic benefit exerts a positive and significant influence on trust and intent to purchase using the social commerce channel. The results offer several theoretical and practical implications. They highlight the significance of the utilitarian and hedonic shopping motivations on social commerce adoption and ascertain the important mediating role of trust as well as the need to enhance economic benefits and enjoyment for customers.
Influence of Forest Management and Sylvicultural Treatments on Abundance of Snags and Tree Cavities in Mountain Mixed Beech Forests

In this study the influence of forest management on the characteristics of snags and tree cavities in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran was investigated. In particular, the effect of two sylvicultural treatments (shelter wood and single-tree selection) was assessed in comparison to protected stands. The abundance, diameter, height, and degree of decay of snag species, and the characteristics of birds excavated and natural cavities (number and height from the ground level) were measured by systematic plots in each stand. The results showed that the abundance, species diversity, and size of snags in both of the sylvicultural treatments were significantly lower than the protected stands. The number of birds excavated and natural cavities on thicker snags with moderate decay was significantly higher than other decay classes. Abundance, species diversity, size of snags, and number of tree cavities in the single-tree selection stands were significantly higher than sheltered-wood stands.
Is the tropical cyclone surge in Shanghai more sensitive to landfall location or intensity change?

It has been shown that the proportion of intense tropical cyclones (TCs) has been increasing together with a poleward migration of TC track. However, their relative importance to TC surge at landfall remains unknown. Here we examine the sensitivity of TC surge in Shanghai to landfall location and intensity with a new dynamical modelling framework. We find a surge sensitivity of 0.8 m (°N)−1 to landfall location, and 0.1 m (m s−1)−1 to wind speed in Shanghai during landfall. The landfall location and intensity are comparably important to surge variation. However, based on a plausible range of reported trends of TC poleward migration and intensity, the potential surge hazard due to poleward migration is estimated to be about three times larger than that by intensity change. The long‐term surge risk in Shanghai is therefore substantially more sensitive to changes of TC track and landfall location than intensity. This may also be true elsewhere and in the future.
Entrepreneurial Traits, Competency, Performance, and Sustainability of Micro-Enterprises in Kelantan, Malaysia

This study examined the effect of locus of control, tolerance of ambiguity, visionary, persistence and resilience on entrepreneurial competency, performance and sustainability among micro-enterprises in Kelantan, Malaysia. Adopting a cross-sectional design, we collected data from 403 micro-entrepreneurs. The findings revealed that locus of control and visionary significantly influenced entrepreneurial competencies. In turn, entrepreneurial competencies, locus of control, and visionary traits significantly affected micro-enterprise performance. The findings also revealed a positive effect of entrepreneurial competencies and performance on micro-enterprise sustainability. The findings also confirmed a significant mediating effect of entrepreneurial competencies on the relationship between locus of control and visionary, and enterprise performance. The government and developmental organizations should collaborate to enhance locus of control, visionary, and resilience traits in order to facilitate their micro-enterprise sustainable performance.
PENGARUH KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN DAN RATA-RATA PENGELUARAN WISATAWAN TERHADAP PAD DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI PROVINSI BALI

This study aims to analyze the effect of the number of tourist visits and the average tourist expenditure on the local income of Bali Province, to analyze the effect of the number of tourist visits, average tourist expenditure, and local income on the economic growth of Bali Province, and to analyze the role of income. native areas in mediating the effect of the number of tourist visits and the average tourist expenditure on the economic growth of Bali Province. The data used in this research is secondary data, with the method of observation by observing documents or secondary data sources that are related. This study uses time series data with a total of 30 years of observations from 1990-2019, with the analysis technique used is Path Analysis. This study shows the results that the number of tourist visits and the average tourist expenditure have a positive and significant effect on local income in Bali Province. The number of tourist visits, the average tourist expenditure and local revenue have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Bali Province. Own-source revenue mediates the effect of the number of tourist visits and the average tourist expenditure on economic growth in Bali Province.
Intrusion Detection Based on Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix and 2D Dispersion Entropy

The Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is an important tool to mitigate cybersecurity threats in an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure. The function of the IDS is to detect an intrusion to an ICT system or network so that adequate countermeasures can be adopted. Desirable features of IDS are computing efficiency and high intrusion detection accuracy. This paper proposes a new anomaly detection algorithm for IDS, where a machine learning algorithm is applied to detect deviations from legitimate traffic, which may indicate an intrusion. To improve computing efficiency, a sliding window approach is applied where the analysis is applied on large sequences of network flows statistics. This paper proposes a novel approach based on the transformation of the network flows statistics to gray images on which Gray level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) are applied together with an entropy measure recently proposed in literature: the 2D Dispersion Entropy. This approach is applied to the recently public IDS data set CIC-IDS2017. The results show that the proposed approach is competitive in comparison to other approaches proposed in literature on the same data set. The approach is applied to two attacks of the CIC-IDS2017 data set: DDoS and Port Scan achieving respectively an Error Rate of 0.0016 and 0.0048.