Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Device and Circuit Exploration of Multi-Nanosheet Transistor for Sub-3 nm Technology Node

A multi-nanosheet field-effect transistor (mNS-FET) device was developed to maximize gate controllability while making the channel in the form of a sheet. The mNS-FET has superior gate controllability for the stacked channels; consequently, it can significantly reduce the short-channel effect (SCE); however, punch-through inevitably occurs in the bottom channel portion that is not surrounded by gates, resulting in a large leakage current. Moreover, as the size of the semiconductor device decreases to several nanometers, the influence of the parasitic resistance and parasitic capacitance increases. Therefore, it is essential to apply design–technology co-optimization, which analyzes not only the characteristics from the perspective of the device but also the performance from the circuit perspective. In this study, we used Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulation to analyze the characteristics of the device and directly fabricated a model that describes the current–voltage and gate capacitance characteristics of the device by using Berkeley short-channel insulated-gate field-effect transistor–common multi-gate (BSIM–CMG) parameters. Through this model, we completed the Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) simulation for circuit analysis and analyzed it from the viewpoint of devices and circuits. When comparing the characteristics according to the presence or absence of bottom oxide by conducting the above research method, it was confirmed that subthreshold slope (SS) and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) are improved, and power and performance in circuit characteristics are increased.
Profiles of Dysregulation Moderate the Impact of PreschoolTeacher–Student Relationships on Elementary School Functioning

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Children’s readiness to handle the expectations of elementary school depends heavily on their self-regulation skills. Self-regulation includes both cognitive and behavioral elements; however, past studies have typically looked at cognitive and behavioral self-regulation in isolation or as a composite score rather than examining self-regulation profiles. Conceptually, a profile characterized by pervasive cognitive and behavioral self-regulation difficulties may have different developmental roots than a profile limited to behavioral regulation difficulties and children displaying these different profiles likely require different intervention supports. In the current study, latent profile analysis with cognitive and behavioral self-regulation indicators revealed four unique self-regulation profiles for preschool children (N=566): Pervasive Dysregulation (cognitively and behaviorally dysregulated), Behavioral Dysregulation (behaviorally dysregulated only), Average Self-Regulation, and High Self-Regulation. Practice or Policy: Latent moderational analyses indicated that while both the Pervasive and Behavioral Dysregulation group were at increased risk for less desirable kindergarten and 2nd grade outcomes, this risk was offset to a greater extant for children from the Behavioral Dysregulation profile when they experienced a close, non-conflictual teacher-student relationship in preschool. Ultimately, high-quality teacher-student relationships may be effective for supporting children who present behavioral challenges without cognitive self-regulatory challenges, but pervasively dysregulated children may require more intensive support.
Subsurface Reflectors Detected by SHARAD Reveal Stratigraphy and Buried Channels Over Central Elysium Planitia, Mars

The Central Elysium Planitia (CEP) is one of the youngest geological units on Mars and displays evidence of volcanic and fluvial activities on the surface. The origin of the CEP material has long been debated with a range of hypotheses from purely fluvial to solely volcanic origins. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of SHAllow RADar (SHARAD) data to reveal subsurface radar reflectors over the CEP region. Distribution of the detected radar reflectors show possible connections between the CEP and outflow channels, such as Athabasca Valles and Marte Vallis. Analysis of the radar reflectors in the CEP region show six subsurface layers implying multiple depositional and erosional episodes. One detected subsurface layer is found to correspond to the upper exposed layers of one terraced crater. By measuring the depth accurately of these exposed layers in the derived HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Scientific Experiment) and CTX (Context Camera) DTMs (Digital Terrain Models) and inverting the dielectric constant combining the layers in radargrams, an interpretation that the filling material contains water ice is favored.
Monosodium glutamate administration early in life alters pineal melatonin nocturnal profile in adulthood

The pineal gland synthesizes melatonin exclusively at night, which gives melatonin the characteristic of a temporal synchronizer of the physiological systems. Melatonin is a regulator of insulin activities centrally and also peripherally and its synthesis is reduced in diabetes. Since monosodium glutamate (MSG) is often used to induce the type 2 diabetic and metabolic syndrome in animal models, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the potential effects of MSG given to neonates on the pineal melatonin synthesis in different aged male and female rats. Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with MSG (4mg/g/day) or saline solution (0.9%) from the second to eighth post-natal day. The circadian profiles both melatonin levels and AANAT activity were monitored at different ages. Body weight, naso-anal length, adipose tissues weight, GTT, ITT and serum insulin levels were also evaluated. Typical obesity with the neonatal MSG treatment was observed, indicated by a great increase in adipose depots without a concurrent increase in body weight. MSG treatment did not cause hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance, but induced insulin resistance. An increase of melatonin synthesis at ZT 15 with phase advance was observed in in some animals. The AANAT activity was positively parallel to the melatonin circadian profile. It seems that MSG causes hypothalamic obesity which may increase AANAT activity and melatonin production in pineal gland. These effects were not temporally correlated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia indicating the hypothalamic lesions, particularly in arcuate nucleus induced by MSG in early age, as the principal cause of the increase in melatonin production.
Diffeomorphisms with a generalized Lipschitz shadowing property

Shadowing property and structural stability are important dynamics with close relationship. Pilyugin and Tikhomirov proved that Lipschitz shadowing property implies the structural stability[ 5 ]. Todorov gave a similar result that Lipschitz two-sided limit shadowing property also implies structural stability for diffeomorpshisms[ 10 ]. In this paper, we define a generalized Lipschitz shadowing property which unifies these two kinds of Lipschitz shadowing properties, and prove that if a diffeomorphism \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} of a compact smooth manifold \begin{document}$ M $\end{document} has this generalized Lipschitz shadowing property then it is structurally stable. The only if part is also considered.
Behavior of poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone-fullerene C60 composites in aqueous solutions

Water-soluble compounds composed of fullerene and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) or polyacrylamide were prepared by solid-phase interaction in the presence of KBr. The UV spectroscopic study of solutions of these composites showed a smaller fraction of aggregated fullerene in the polyvinylpyrrolidone-KBr-fullerene C 60 product compared to the polyvinylpyrrolidone-fullerene C 60 composite. As follows from the variation in the reciprocal intensity of scattered light with concentration, fullerene affects the structure of aqueous solutions of fullerene-containing polymers. This effect is inherent in solutions of both samples prepared in the solid phase and in polyvinylpyrrolidone-fullerene C 60 complexes synthesized in organic solvents.
Phase Diagram and Symmetrization of Dense D2S

The phase diagram of D2S has been investigated to 70 GPa in diamond anvil cells using confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy. The results show that molecular phase IV transforms to “polymeric” phase V at 30 GPa at 300 K, analogous to an extended network structure of ice X with symmetrized hydrogen bonds. The formation of symmetrized phase V is evident by its characteristic single vibrational Raman peak at ∼460 cm–1 for symmetric D–S–D bending/stretching, analogous to that of ice X at ∼730 cm–1 at 76 GPa. At low temperatures, the proton-disordered phase IV transforms to more proton-ordered phases of IV′ and VI, which also transforms to phase V at 40 GPa at 100 K. The present phase diagram indicates that D2S is chemically stable at least to 70 GPa at 300 K, contrary to the previously reported decomposition to sulfur and HxS (x > 2) above 30 GPa. This conclusion is important, considering that a wide range of decomposed states (H3S + S, H3S+ + HS–, etc.) were used to explain the recently observed high Tc supercond.
Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Versus Systemic Inflammatory Response System in Early Detection of Sepsis in Emergency Department

Background: Sepsis is a life threating medical condition where infection leads to massive inflammatory response and eventually lead to organ dysfunction. It continues to pose a significant health threat despite remarkable developments in critical care medicine and extensive study of septic patients. Early recognition and treatment of sepsis in emergency department (ED) is important to reduce mortality, hospital length of stay and morbidity. Objective: This study was aimed to validate the performance of qSOFA scoring system and SIRS criteria in early sepsis diagnosis in the Emergency Department. Patient and method: This prospective observational clinical study was carried out in Emergency Department (ED) on 100 patients with suspected infection presented and admitted at o Mansoura University Emergency Hospital from February 2019 to February 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: infection group with qSOFA –ve criteria and sepsis group with qSOFA +ve group. We compare between qSOFA and SIRS scores in both groups. Results: The study demonstrated that organ dysfunction >2, 2ry to infection (according to sepsis definition by sepsis-3 task force) was more frequently reported among qSOFA + SIRS + group, compared to qSOFA - SIR – group. Moreover, both qSOFA and SIRS had comparable sensitivity (100%) in prediction of mortality within 1 week, while qSOFA demonstrated higher specificity (53.3%) in comparison with SIRS (20%). Both scores had comparable sensitivity for prediction ICU admission and of mechanical ventilation (86.67 and 88.9) whereas qSOFA demonstrated higher specificity than SIRS for ICU admission (94.29 versus 71.43) as well as mechanical ventilation (82.9 versus 63.41). Conclusion: It could be concluded that qSOFA is considered as specific not sensitive tool, while SIRS is more sensitive but not specific score for sepsis detection in emergency room.
Antimicrobial effect of spices on sausage-spoiling microorganisms using a model medium for sausage type Frankfurter

As spices are known to possess antimicrobial activity they might be used for controlling the growth of sausage-spoiling microorganisms in sausage-type Frankfurter to extend its shelf-life. For proving this new idea, various spices were tested for their inhibitory effect against ten strains of microoganisms isolated from sausage-type-Frankfurter in meat extract agar as a model medium. Single spices as well as commercially available and self-made spice mixtures were tested with respect to their antimicrobial activity. Among the single spices, only 3% clove repressed the growth of all microorganisms, and the effect of all other spices was a selective one. As these elevated spice concentrations were incompatible with taste, the antimicrobial activity of spice mixtures was tested. Two commercially available spice mixtures had no inhibitory effect, while the inhibitory activity of three self-made spice mixtures was a selective one. No self-made spice mixture inhibited the microbial growth completely. As salt and heat are known to reduce microbial growth, their effect combined with the addition of the most potent self-made spice mixture was checked. In some cases, the addition of salt strengthened the antimicrobial activity of the spices. As the inhibitory salt concentrations were incompatible with taste, a heat treatment of 55°-65°C for 2 hours combined with 3% salt and 0.75% spice mixture was tested for its inhibitory effect. The treatment had a strong antimicrobial effect on all microorganisms.
Fractionation profile and mobility pattern of trace metals in sediments of Nomi River, Tokyo, Japan

This study provides a geochemical partitioning and mobility pattern of Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni) in sediment samples collected from Nomi River, Tokyo, Japan. For the partitioning of particulating trace metals, a widely used 5-step sequential extraction procedure was employed and the concentrations were measured in the liquid extracts by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to understand enrichment and metal availability in five geochemical phases. The association of Cd (39.8 - 89.7%) was found highest with adsorbed, exchangeable and carbonate (AEC) fraction, Fe (25 - 44.1%), Mn (11.8 - 76.7%), Cr (12.6 - 46.9%) and Ni (9.8 - 41.8%) were in residual phase and the maximum association of Cu was recorded with amorphous Fe oxyhydroxide phase (24.7 - 51.3%). The order of potential trace metals mobility in the aquatic environment of Nomi River was- Cd > Cu > Cr > Ni > Fe > Mn. According to the risk assessment code applied in the present study Cu, Ni and Cr were under medium and Cd was under high risk category. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study detected the presence of several clay minerals; those are likely to be the major host of trace metals in sediments. Key words: Trace metal, fractionation, mobility, pollution, sediments, Nomi River, Tokyo.
Comparison the serologic tests used in the diagnosis of brucellosis; brucellacapt, brucella coombs gel, and brucella coombs tube agglutination tests

Aim: Brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonosis in the world and in our country. The definitive diagnosis of the disease is the isolation of the agent in culture, but in routine diagnosis serologic tests are mostly used. In the routine serological diagnosis of brucellosis, rose bengal, standard tube agglutination (STA) and coombs tube agglutination (CTA) tests were used. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Brucellacapt (BCAP) and Coombs Gel (CJ) tests by comparing with STA and CTA tests. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 samples (47 positive and 53 negative by CTA test) were included in the study between June 2018 and July 2019. Titters detected as ≥1 / 160 in STA, CTA, BCAP (METSER Brucella test with Coombs, Savas Medical, Istanbul), CJ (ODAK Brucella Coombs Gel test, Toprak Medical, Istanbul) tests were accepted as positive. Cohen kappa (κ) analysis was used to evaluate the consistency between the tests. Results: Out of 100 samples included in the study were found positive, 20 with STA, 48 with CAP and 53 with CJ tests, respectively. Among the 47 patients who were positive with CTA test, 44 were positive with BCAP and CJ tests, also 2 of them were negative with BCAP and 1 with CJ test. Among the samples found negative with the CTA test, 3 were found positive with BCAP and 7 with the CJ test. STA test was negative in 27 samples that were positive by CTA test. κ = 0.900 for CTA and BCAP, κ = 0.841 for CTA and CJ, κ = 0.860 for BCAP and CJ; showed a high level of agreement. The STA test showed a very low level of agreement with all three methods (κ = 0.440 for CTA with STA, κ = 0.426 for BCAP with STA, κ = 0.363 for CJ with STA). Conclusion: Compared to CTA testing, the applicability of BCAP and CJ tests is easier. Among the three tests, the CJ test gives the fastest results. In the serologic diagnosis of brucellosis, BCAP and CJ test can be used because of high compatibility with CTA test, and it is thought that the compatibility between the tests should be evaluated with more comprehensive studies.
Oxidative stress biomarkers in treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients

Abstract Introduction Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder that affects approximately twenty million people worldwide. Various factors have been associated with the physiopathology of this disease such as oxidative stress, which is an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant molecules. Objective This study evaluated the association between biomarkers of oxidative stress and response to pharmacological treatment among patients with schizophrenia in the context of their clinical information, demographic data, and lifestyle. Methods A total of 89 subjects were included, 26 of whom were treatment-responsive schizophrenia patients (Group 1), 27 treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients (Group 2), and 36 healthy controls (Group 3). All of the subjects completed a questionnaire to provide clinical and demographic data, and all provided peripheral blood samples. The oxidative stress markers analyzed using spectrophotometry were catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total glutathione (GSH-t), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC; p < 0.05). Results When all schizophrenia patients (G1 + G2) were compared to the control group, SOD levels were found to be lower among schizophrenia patients (p < 0.0001), while MDA and CAT levels were higher (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0191, respectively). GPx, GSH-t, and TEAC levels were similar in all three groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Lower SOD levels and higher MDA and CAT levels indicate oxidative damage in schizophrenia patients, regardless of their response to pharmacological treatment. Smoking is associated with oxidative stress, in addition, a family history of the disease was also found to be correlated with cases of schizophrenia, which reflects the relevance of genetics in disease development.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS ISOLATED FROM HUMAN AND SHEEP IN EUPHRATES REGION OF IRAQ

The study included examine of 25 samples of hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus (20 human samples and 5sheep samples) During the study period from January 2019 December 2019, Human hydatid cysts samples were collected from some hospitals in the middle Euphrates provinces, which are the hospitals of Al-Muthanna, AlDiwaniyah, Al-Najafalashraf and Babil province hospitals, Sheep hydatid cysts samples from the animals abattoirs in the same provinces. The study aimed to determine the morphological characters of hydatid cysts and protoscoleses and differences between strains by studying the numbers of number,shape, Size and color of germinal layer of hydatid cysts also number of rostellar hooks, arrangement, measuring the total length and blade length (BL) of hooks, Size of smallhooks (SH) and large hooks(LH) for protoscoleces its shapes in studied hydatidcysts. The highest percentage of organ infection in humans was in the liver by 75%, then the lungs by 25%,no cysts the spleen and other organs was recorded. While in sheep, it was 80% in the liver and spleen by 20%, and no cysts in lung was recorded, As for the colors of the germinal layers, 60% was recorded for white color and 40% for yellowish white, and the predominant color is white in humans. And when studying the diameters cysts In the affected organs, it was found that the diameter of the cysts ranged between 5 65 mm, No significant differences In the number and size of cysts in both hosts, the numbers of cysts ranged from 1 to more than 10 cysts. There are significant differences between the number of hooks, as it appeared that the average number of small hooks (SH) in a human is 16 hooks, While the average number of large hooks (LH) was 13.4, the total number was 29.4, While In sheep the average number of small hooks was 17.2, and the average number of large hooks (LH) was 14.6, and the total number of hooks was 32 hooks. This results may be refers to presence different of E. granolosus in human than the sheep.
Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting the Pavement International Roughness Index

Significant research efforts have documented the capabilities of machine learning (ML) algorithms to model pavement performance. Several challenges, however, limit the implementation of ML by practitioners and transportation agencies. One of these challenges is related to the high variability in the performance of ML models as reported by different studies and the lack of quantitative evidence supporting the true effectiveness of these techniques. The objective of this paper is twofold: to assess the overall performance of traditional and ML techniques used to predict pavement condition, and to provide guidance on the optimal architecture and minimum sample size required to develop these models. This paper analyzes three ML algorithms commonly used to predict International Roughness Index (IRI)—Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM)—and compares their performance to traditional techniques. An inverse variance heterogeneity based meta-analysis is performed on 20 studies conducted between 2001 and 2020. The results indicate that ML algorithms capture on average 15.6% more variability than traditional techniques. RF is the most accurate technique with an overall performance value of 0.995. ANN is also identified as a highly effective technique that has been widely used and provides accurate predictions with both small and large sample sizes. For ANN algorithms, a single hidden layer with nodes equal to 0.3–2 times the number of input features is found to be sufficient in predicting pavement deterioration. A minimum sample size equal to 50 times the number of input variables is recommend to model pavement deterioration using ML.
A Noise History Decomposition Approach for Decentralized Optimal Control of Large-Scale Systems Defined Over a Weakly Connected Graph

This article investigates the decentralized optimal linear quadratic regulation (LQR) control for large-scale systems. The large-scale system is defined over a weakly connected graph. Assume that the information is transmitted along the edges in the graph, and one sampling period is required for the information to travel across an edge. Under the above setup, the LQR control problem for the strongly connected graph case has been fully solved. However, for the weakly connected graph case, the existing results fail. In this article, a new decomposition approach for noise history is proposed. Then, the LQR control problem of large-scale systems defined over a weakly connected graph can be well solved. In addition, the decentralized realization of the control input is derived based on the decentralized information hierarchy graph (DIHG). The DIHG construction algorithm is also provided. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed design scheme is illustrated by a numerical example.