Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Óleo de licuri no concentrado administrado a vacas Holandesas X Zebu, sobre o comportamento ingestivo e conforto térmico

The ingestive behavior and thermal comfort were used to determine the best level of licury oil as feed supplement fed to dairy cows under grazing system. The treatments were 0.0; 1.5; 3.0 and 4.5% of licury oil in the concentrate (dry matter basis). The total area of grazing was 8ha of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia-1). The evaluations of ingestive behavior were done in four periods (First period 21/05 to 11/06; Second period 12/06 to 02/07; third period 03/07 to 23/07 and Forth period 24/08 to 13/08, in 2007), two consecutive days (12h per day) per period, in intervals of one hour, by visual observation. It was analyzed the grazing, rest and rumination activities. The environment was monitored during all periods by recording the air temperature, relative humidity and black globe temperature. These data were used to calculate the comfort indexes. The physiological parameters evaluated were rectal temperature and breathe frequency. The avegare time spent in grazing, rst and rumination were 71.7; 11.2 and 16.9%, respectively. The licury oil in the feed supplements did not influence the ingestive behavior and physiological parameters of dairy cows, so that oil can be used up to 4.5% in the concentrate feed to milking cows.
Efficacy of coloured sticky traps for citrus thrips Scirtothrips aurantii Faure (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) in mango ecosystems of South Africa

Introduction. Le thrips sud-africain des agrumes, Scirtothrips aurantii Faure (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), est un parasite du manguier (Mangifera indica L.) en Afrique meridionale. Il cause des lesions au jeune fruit et endommage la croissance de jeunes arbres en provoquant une malformation des feuilles et un retard de croissance. Materiel et methodes. Des pieges collants de differentes couleurs ont ete testes en vergers de manguiers en Afrique du Sud vis-a-vis de leur pouvoir attractif d'adultes de S. aurantii. Resultats. La couleur jaune s'est revelee meilleure que le vert, rouge, blanc ou bleu pour capturer les individus de S. aurantii. Les pieges verts, rouges, blancs ou bleus ont attire des nombres semblables de thrips bien que S. aurantii ait tendu a repondre davantage au vert qu'au rouge, au blanc et ou bleu, respectivement. Conclusion. Des pieges jaunes peuvent etre employes efficacement pour evaluer des niveaux d'activite du thrips S. aurantii en vergers de manguiers.
Molybdenum in Agriculture: Symptoms of Molybdenum Deficiency and Toxicity in Crops

Introduction The symptoms of molybdenum (Mo) deficiency are common in certain crops under certain soil and climatic conditions. However, Mo toxicity is uncommon and is found only when unusually high concentrations of Mo are present. Deficiency symptoms for most micronutrients appear on the young leaves at the top of the plant, because most micronutrients are not readily translocated. Molybdenum is an exception in that it is readily translocated, and its deficiency symptoms generally appear on the whole plant. The symptoms associated with deficiency of Mo are closely related to nitrogen (N) metabolism. Because Mo is needed for nitrogenase activity, Mo deficiency prevents the fixation of N 2 . This process involves higher plants and symbiotic organisms such as Rhizobium , and so Mo deficiency can produce symptoms associated with a deficiency of nitrogen. If the Mo is needed directly by the plant for nitrate reductase, then symptoms peculiar to Mo occur, although essentially the plant can be considered to be suffering from a shortage of protein due to failure of the initial processes of reduction. The first type of symptom can be relieved by supplying fixed nitrogen. Even may serve the purpose, because the Mo requirement for nitrate reductase is lower than that for nitrogenase.
Genomic epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni associated with asymptomatic pediatric infection in the Peruvian Amazon

Campylobacter is the leading bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and its incidence is especially high in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Disease epidemiology in LMICs is different compared to high income countries like the USA or in Europe. Children in LMICs commonly have repeated and chronic infections even in the absence of symptoms, which can lead to deficits in early childhood development. In this study, we sequenced and characterized C. jejuni (n=62) from a longitudinal cohort study of children under the age of 5 with and without diarrheal symptoms, and contextualized them within a global C. jejuni genome collection. Epidemiological differences in disease presentation were reflected in the genomes, specifically by the absence of some of the most common global disease-causing lineages. As in many other countries, poultry-associated strains were a major source of human infection but almost half of local disease cases (15 of 31) were attributable to genotypes that are rare outside of Peru. Asymptomatic infection was not limited to a single (or few) human adapted lineages but resulted from phylogenetically divergent strains suggesting an important role for host factors in the cryptic epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in LMICs.
The detection and prediction of mastitis in dairy cows by particle analysis

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Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras of California

This guide is the only complete reference to the sharks, rays, and chimaeras found in California's waters - from the intertidal zone to 500 miles offshore. Species accounts give information on habitat and range, natural history, interactions with humans, nomenclature, and further references. 68 beautiful color illustrations show each shark, ray, and chimaera; accompanying line drawings highlight differences in teeth, underside of the head, and egg cases. It includes information on the California marine environment, ecology and conservation, and shark biology.
Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods

Chapter 1: Introduction. Chapter 2: Microorganisms. Chapter 3: Cultures. Chapter 4: Cultured Dairy Products. Chapter 5: Cheese. Chapter 6: Meat. Chapter 7: Vegetables. Chapter 8: Bread. Chapter 9: Beer. Chapter 10: Wine. Chapter 11: Vinegar. Chapter 12: Fungal
Fumigation with exogenous monoterpenes of a non-isoprenoid-emitting oak (Quercus suber): monoterpene acquisition, translocation, and effect on the photosynthetic properties at high temperatures.

We tested if fumigation with exogenous monoterpenes might induce thermotolerance in leaves of an oak species (Quercus suber) which does not form and emit isoprenoids. To understand if exogenous monoterpene fumigation results in internal accumulation of monoterpenes, a physical method of monoterpene extraction was used. The internal content of monoterpenes increased in concert with increasing fumigation doses. This unambiguously demonstrated acquisition of exogenous monoterpenes. We exposed fumigated Q. suber leaves to two cycles of increasing temperatures from 35 to 55°C at 5°C steps. When leaves were exposed to a low dose of exogenous monoterpenes, yielding an internal content similar to that endogenously formed in the leaves of the monoterpene-emitter Q. ilex, no clear improvement in thermotolerance was found. When leaves were exposed to a high dose of exogenous monoterpenes, yielding an internal content of about five fold the endogenous pool of Q. ilex, but comparable with the expected content following stress-induced stomatal closure, photosynthesis inhibition at high temperatures was attenuated. This effect was observed only at temperatures < 45°C during the first cycle, but at all temperatures between 35 and 55°C when plants were exposed to two cycles of high temperatures. Monoterpenes were still found in the leaves of Q. suber 12 h after ending the fumigation. Monoterpenes were also found in non-fumigated leaves distant up to 45 cm from the fumigated leaves. If monoterpenes make the photosynthetic apparatus more resistant to high temperatures, the effect might not be limited to the fumigated leaves and might be persistent after fumigation.
Phylogeny and classification of the orchid family

1. Introduction 2. Structure and other evidence of relationship 3. Orchid phylogeny 4. Orchids with two or three fertile anthers 5. Primitive orchids with a single fertile anther 6. Lady's tresses and relatives, the subfamily Spiranthoideae 7. Orchis and its allies, the subfamily Orchidoideae 8. The advanced Epidendroideae, general discussion and phylogeny 9. The cormous or cymbidioid phylad 10. The reed-stem or epidendroid phylad 11. Misfits, parallelisms, and miscellaneous problems 12. Classification and phylogenetic analysis Glossary Appendices Literature cited Index.
Epstein–Barr virus, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and animal models

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an extremely successful human herpesvirus which infects B cells of more than 90% of the adult population world-wide. Despite being ubiquitous, however, EBV rarely causes serious disease in the immunocompetent host due to a finely tuned balance between persistent infection and immune control mediated by virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). During immunosuppression, however, this balance is tipped in favour of the virus which encodes growth-transforming genes and is thus tumorigenic. In immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients, release from host immune control promotes uncontrolled proliferation of EBV-infected B cells which can ultimately culminate in outgrowth of EBV+ve post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). PTLD is aggressive, difficult to treat and fatal in up to 70% of cases despite current treatment and thus a major post-operative complication of transplant surgery. As PTLD biopsy material is very limited and PTLD-derived cell lines do not accurately reflect the lesions, the tumours have been modelled in animals in order to understand the pathogenesis of the disease as well as to test novel therapeutic regimes which are urgently needed.
Hormonal protection of spermatogenic stem cells during irradiation: a histological, hormonal and flow cytometric study in rats

A computer model of rat spermatogenesis was created, based on autoradiographic studies of durations of the phases of the cell cycle (Gl5 S, G2 and mitotic phases) of each germ-cell type. With this model it is possible to predict and to gain insight into the distinct changes of the DNA content occurring during the normal process of spermatogenesis. The relative proportions of haploid, diploid, S phase and tetraploid germ cells with increasing age of the rats were calculated. Calculated and actual experimental flow cytometry data were compared to test the accuracy of the model, and these show good agreement. The present work demonstrates that single-parameter DNA analysis of testicular cells is primarily a reflection of germ cells in the spermatocyte and spennatid stages of development, and of non-germ cells. The FCM single-parameter DNA analysis of testicular cells is relatively insensitive to changes in the stem cell and spermatogonial stages of germ-cell development.
Feeding habits of the sharp snout sea bream, Diplodus puntazzo (cetti, 1777) (teleostei: sparidae) from Benghazi coast, Eastern Libya

The feeding habits of 500 specimens of Diplodus puntazzo (family: Sparidae), inhabiting Benghazi Mediterranean coast, were studied monthly from September 2013 to August 2014. The annual diet composition, monthly variations in the diet composition, the variations of diet with length and the intensity of feeding were studied. Diplodus puntazzo feed on a wide variety of prey types: crustaceans ) 40.1%), cephalopods (22.1%), green algae (17.7 %), mollusks (5.2%), polychaetes (1.1%) and sediments (13.7%). The crustaceans, cephalopods and green algae were the major food item all year round and it was found in all length groups. In the present study crustaceans, green algae and sediments increased as the size increased while cephalopods, mollusks and polychaetes decreased as the fish size increased. The feeding intensity was quite high in winter (78.5%).
Life history and mass-rearing of Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on artificial diets in the laboratory

The life history of Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot was studied at 26 2C, 65 5 % RH in the laboratory. When reared on artificial diet, the larval stage lasted 18.4 days, the pupal stage 10,2 days, and total development time (one-day-old larvae to adult) 28.7 days. On average, pupae of males weighed 80.7 mg and those of females 111.2 mg; adult males weighed 44,0 mg and females 65,2 mg. Mated females laid an average of 268 eggs, while unmated ones laid 155. Females had a longer mean life span (6.1 days) than males (5.3 days), Individuals reared in batches of 30 larvae had significantly shorter larval periods and total developmental times than those reared in batches of 60, 90 or 120, Pupal and adult weights decreased significantly as the population size increased. Development period was significantly shorter and weights of pupae significantly higher on a soyflour + wheatgerm-based diet and a soyflour + maize flour + wheatgerm-based diet than on most other diets, Seven oviposition substrates, including plastic mesh, wire mesh, brass screen, wax paper and paper towel were compared for preference by M. nigrivenella. In both multiple and no-choice tests, paper towel folded diagonally and 21 x 21 units (meshes/cm1 plastic mesh had significantly more eggs laid on them than other substrates.
Development of reduced serum-free media for MRC-5 and Vero cells using definitive screening design

i Acknowledgements . ii Dedication . iii Table of contents . iv List of Abbreviations . viii List of Figures and Tables . x Chapter 1 . 1 Literature review . 1 1.1 Introductory remarks . 1 1.2 Creation of a nutrient media for cell culture . 2 1.2.1 Basal media formulations . 2 1.2.2 Serum: Advantages and disadvantages . 4 1.3 Serum-free media . 7 1.3. 1 Protein hydrolysates . 7 1.4 Chemically defined media . 10 1.4. 1 Defined media components . 13 1.4. 1.1 Growth factors . 14 1.4. 1.2 Lipids . 18 1.4. 1.3 Vitamins . 19 1.5 Cell lines for vaccine production . 20 1.6 Objectives of this thesis . 22 1.7 Media optimization using Quality-by-Design . 23 Chapter 2 . 26 Materials and Methods . 26 2.1 Cell lines and culture maintenance . 26 2.2 Subculture in T-flasks . 27 2.2.1 Reagents and materials . 27 2.2.2 Subculturing protocol . 27 2.2. 3 Cell counting . 28
A comparative analysis of sperm storage in six brachyuran superfamilies: mating behavior, ecological variation and phylogenetic patterns

Title of Document: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPERM STORAGE IN SIX BRACHYURAN SUPERFAMILIES: MATING BEHAVIOR, ECOLOGICAL VARIATION AND PHYLOGENETIC PATTERNS Paula Jane Rodgers, Ph.D. 2010 Dissertation directed By: Professor Marjorie Reaka, Department of Biology Dr. Anson Hines, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center While life history traits are shaped by allometric, phylogenetic, environmental and behavioral factors, few comparative studies of brachyuran life history patterns have considered sperm storage traits as important components of reproductive strategies. To understand the evolutionary forces selecting for sperm storage and their interactions with other life history traits, I (1) used controlled laboratory experiments and field mating observations to examine variation in male sperm transfer patterns, (2) sampled variation in female reproductive output and sperm storage for two species across a latitudinal gradient, (3) conducted a survey of life history traits across a broad range of brachyuran taxa, and (4) used phylogenetic analyses to identify patterns in the evolution of life history traits in brachyurans. From mating experiments and observations on five species, I found that males transfer more sperm with longer than shorter copulation durations and that variation in copulation
Empirical evaluation of phenotype–environment correlation and trait utility with allopatric and sympatric whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), populations in subarctic lakes

Adaptive phenotypic divergence of sympatric morphs in a single species may have significant evolutionary consequences. In the present study, phenotypic impacts of predator on zooplankton prey populations were compared in two northern Finnish lakes; one with an allopatric whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), population and the other with three sympatric whitefish populations. First, we examined whether there were phenotypic associations with specific niches in allopatric and sympatric whitefish. Second, trait utility (i.e. number of gillrakers) of allopatric and sympatric whitefish in utilizing a pelagic resource was explored by comparing predator avoidance of prey, prey size in environment, and prey size in predator diet. The allopatric living large sparsely rakered (LSR) whitefish morph, was a generalist using both pelagic and benthic niches. In contrast, sympatric living whitefish morphs were specialized: LSR whitefish was a littoral benthivore, small sparsely rakered whitefish was a profundal benthivore and densely rakered (DR) whitefish was a pelagic planktivore. In the lake with allopatric whitefish, zooplankton prey did not migrate vertically to avoid predation whereas, in the lake with sympatric whitefish, all important prey taxa migrated significantly. Trait utility was observed as significantly smaller size of prey in environment and predator diet in the lake with DR whitefish than in the lake with only LSR whitefish. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 561–572. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: adaptive radiation – diel vertical migration – gillraker – niche segregation – resource polymorphism – speciation – zooplankton.
Ethnic Assortative Matching in Marriage and Family Outcomes: Evidence from the Mass Migration to the United States During 1900-1930

Positive assortative matching in terms of traits such as ethnicity and race has been prevalent in marital formation. One possible explanation for this is that spouses in endogamous marriages possess complementary skills and tastes that increase marital surplus. This paper aims to estimate the effects of ethnic assortative matching on a variety of household outcomes by using the exogenous variation in immigrant flows in the USA during the period 1900–1930 to disentangle the selection effect of partners. The major finding is that the complementarities in home production from same ethnic marriage enhances investment in household public goods such as childrearing and home ownership and reduces the market labor supply of wives. The OLS estimates of the sizes of these effects appear to be substantially biased downward, indicating positive selection into intermarriage in terms of unobservable traits that increase marital surplus.
Causes of adaptive differences in age-dependent reproductive effort

Sexually selected ornaments are among the most spectacular traits in nature. Indeed, the extreme costs associated with producing sexual traits seem to play a crucial role in their evolution by enforcing honest levels of advertisement: only males with high levels of acquired resources (or high ‘condition’, as it is known in the literature) can afford to produce extravagant signals, a phenomenon which maintains signal reliability in a constant environment. In my thesis I examine many implications of this condition-dependent model of ornament and preference evolution for variation in age-dependent allocation to sexual signals and other life history traits. In Chapter 1, I review theoretical implications of condition-dependent signalling for life history and sexual selection theory. I note that a universal cost of expenditure in sexual advertisement is metabolic in nature: metabolites used to fund ornament expression are by definition unavailable to other life history traits that compete for a limited resource pool. This universal constraint on expenditure does more than maintain honesty (as noted above), however: the reliance of sexual displays on high levels of nutrient acquisition may help maintain genetic variation in sexual signals
Distributions of Microorganisms and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated in Raw Beef of Jangzorim

Raw beefs used fer Jangzorim production were evaluated fur contamination of pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms related to spoilage and food safety. Eleven groups of mesophilic, psychrotrophic, and anaerobic microorganisms, and total coliforms were selected to evaluate degree of food contamination. Nine strains including Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum, C. perfringens, and Listeria monocytogenes were selected to evaluate incidences of pathogenic bacteria. Raw beefs harbored large populations of microorganisms, which decreased greatly after heat treatment. Psychrotrophic microorganisms were found to be more abundant than other microorganisms. B. cereus, C. perfringens, and L. monocytogenes were isolated from raw beefs, whereas C. botulinum, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp. , Shigella spp. , Staphylococcus aureus, and Yersinia enterocolitica were not isolated. Isoiates from Cereus selective agar, clostridium Perfringens agar, and Oxford agar were in 99.8, 99.9 and 98.6% agreements with B. cereus, C. perfringens, and L. monocytogenes at species level, respectively. B. cereus produced enterotoxin with CRET-RPLA method, whereas C. perfringens did not produce enterotoxin with PET-RPLA method.
Molecular phylogeny and divergence times estimates of Lilium section Liriotypus (Liliaceae) based on plastid and nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequence data

In the present study the phylogeny and the biogeography of the genus Lilium L. section Liriotypus Asch. et Graebn. were investigated and divergence times for the section Liriotypus were calculated. The study group covers Lilium species from Europe, the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, Anatolia, and the Caucasus. Plastid DNA sequence data (the trnC-petN intergenic spacer and petN gene) and nuclear DNA ITS sequence data were used to infer the phylogenetic history of the section Liriotypus. Molecular phylogenetic dating using the molecular clock hypothesis with sequences of nrDNA ITS region was used to calculate the time of diversification within the section Liriotypus and with other members of the genus Lilium. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on combined analysis of plastid and nrDNA ITS sequence data shows that all of the analysed species of section Liriotypus form a well-supported monophyletic clade. However, there are some incongruences between the analysis made by plastid DNA alone and with a combined dataset regarding the positions of L. monadelphum M.Bieb. , L. szovitsianum Fisch. & Ave-Lall. , L. ciliatum P.H. Davis, and L. akkusianum R.Gamperle. Our molecular dating analysis based on nrDNA ITS sequence data showed that members of the section Liriotypus were separated from the rest of the genus Lilium approximately 9 million years ago and within this section, speciation increased in the last 6 million years.