Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
7. DIAGENETIC ENVIRONMENTS OF AUTHIGENIC CARBONATES AND OPAL-CT CRYSTALLIZATION IN LOWER MIOCENE TO UPPER OLIGOCENE DEPOSITS OF THE NORWEGIAN SEA (ODP SITE 643, LEG 104)1

Different generations of complex authigenic carbonates formed in siliceous muds (lithologic Unit IV) and hemipelagic clays (lithologic Unit V) of ODP Site 643, Leg 104 Norwegian Sea. The dominant phase in Unit IV is an early diagenetic Mn, Fe-calcite with a strong negative 5 13C (- 14 to - 16 %o) signature, and slightly negative 8 180 values. The strong negative 8 13C results from extensive incorporation of 12C-enriched C02 derived from bacterial degradation of marine organic matter into early Mn, Fe—calcite cements. Concomitant framboidal pyrite precipitation and abundant SEM microtextures showing excellent preservation of delicate structures of fragile diatom valves by outpourings with early Mn-calcites strongly support their shallow burial formation before the onset of compaction. Later generations of authigenic mineralizations in lithologic Unit IV include minor amounts of a second generation of calcite with platy crystals, possibly precipitated along with opal-A dissolution, and finally opal-CT crystallization in deeper seated environments overgrowing earlier precipitates with films and lepispheres. The last mineralization is collophane (fluor apatite) forming amorphous aggregates and tiny hexagonal crystals. Authigenic mineral assemblages in lithologic Unit V consist of rhodochrosites, transitional rhodochrosite/manganosiderites, and apatite. A negative 8 13C (- 7.1 to - 15.6 %o) and a fluctuating 8 180 signal indicates that the micritic to sparitic rhodochrosites, transitional rhodochrosites/manganosiderites were formed at various burial depths. C02 resulted from organic matter degradation in the lowermost sulfate reduction zone and from biogenic methane generation in the lowermost sediments, resulting in variable and negative 8 13C signals. The change in carbonate mineralogy reflects major compositional differences compared to sediments in Unit IV. Most prominent is an increase in altered ash as a primary sediment component and a sudden decrease of siliceous microfossils. Upward diffusion of cations, lowered salinities in pore waters, and elevated temperatures provide diagenetic environments favoring increased remobilization processes.
Pediatric Pulmonology

Correspondence Alvaro J González, MD, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 8°piso, Santiago 8330077, Chile. Email: alvgonza@med.puc. cl Abstract Background: Low flow nasal cannula (LFNC) are frequently used in preterm infants. However, the delivered inspired oxygen concentration and airway pressures are not well established. Objective: To determine the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and hypopharyngeal pressures generated by LFNC at different gas flows, gas mixture concentrations and infant’s weight. Design/Methods: Serial samples of hypopharyngeal gas were obtained in 33 very low birth weight infants who were receiving oxygen with LFNC. Measurements were obtained with different gas flows and oxygen concentrations. FiO2 was measured using an electrochemical cell analyzer and hypopharyngeal pressures with a pressure transducer. Results: 33 infants with a mean BW of 910 ± 284 g and 27 ± 1.7 weeks gestational age were studied at 36 ± 22 days after birth. FiO2 increased proportionally to gas flow, but with large variability: median (range) FiO2 were 0.33 (0.23‐0.54), 0.44 (0.29‐ 0.67), 0.57 (0.33‐0.81), and 0.69 (0.51‐0.92) at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 L/minute, respectively. Significantly higher mean FiO2 were observed despite low flows in infants ≤ 1000 g compared to those > 1000 g (0.5 ± 0.1 vs 0.4 ± 0.07 at 0.3 L/minute; 0.66 ± 0.09 vs 0.5 ± 0.08 with 0.5 L/minute, respectively, P < .05). Hypopharyngeal pressures increased proportionally to gas flow with high variability: mean ± standard deviation pressures were 1.5 ± 0.8; 2.8 ± 1.2; 4.6 ± 1.3; 6.1 ± 1.6 cm H2O at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 L/minute of gas flow. Peak pressures > 15 cm H2O were frequently observed with gas flows ≥ 2 L/min. Conclusions: Large variability in FiO2 and hypopharyngeal pressures were observed with oxygen administration through LFNC. Very high FiO2 were observed despite low flows in infants < 1000 g. Excessive peak pressures can be generated with flows≥2 L/minute especially among infants < 1000 g.
Pediatric Pulmonology

Cystic Fibrosis Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children’s Hospital in Dziekanów Leśny, Warsaw, Poland Department of Bacteriology and Biocontamination Control, National Institute of Public Health—National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland Independent Laboratory of Microbiology, Central Laboratory, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
Pediatric Pulmonology

Correspondence Abdurrahman C. Orengul, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Adnan Menderes Blvd, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul. Email: aorengul@bezmialem.edu. tr Abstract Background: The present study aims to assess psychiatric diagnoses in children with psychogenic and functional breathing disorders (PFBD), which consist of children with psychogenic cough, throat‐clearing tics, and sighing dyspnea, and compare them to a control group without any diagnosis of chronic medical problems. Methods: The participants consist of 52 children with PFBD and 42 children without any chronic medical problems. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed via semistructured psychiatric interviews in both groups. Results: The two groups did not differ on age (PFBD group 11.25 ± 2.61, control group 11.17 ± 2.58; t = 0.14, P = .88) or sex (48.1% of the PFBD group were female, 61.9% of the control group were female; χ = 1.79, P = .18). 55.8% of the PFBD group and 28.6% of the control group had at least one psychiatric diagnosis according to the semistructured interviews (χ = 6.99, P = .008). The most common psychiatric diagnoses in the PFBD group were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 17.3%), tic disorders, (15.4%), and specific phobia (15.4%). 11.5% of the cases in the PFBD group were diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder and more than half of the patients (n = 27 (51.9%)) showed clinical characteristics of tic disorders. Conclusion: Psychiatric diagnoses are common in children with PFBD, and teamwork involving child psychiatrists may be essential for the management of children with PFBD.
Pediatric Pulmonology

Funding information Fondation Ernst et Lucie Schmidheiny; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Grant/ Award Number: 32003B_162820; Lung League St. Gallen; AstraZeneca Schweiz Abstract Introduction: The contribution of clinical investigations to prediction of long‐term outcomes of children investigated for asthma is unclear. Aim: We performed a broad range of clinical tests and investigated whether they helped to predict long‐term wheeze among children referred for evaluation of possible asthma. Methods: We studied children aged 6 to 16 years referred to two Swiss pulmonary outpatient clinics with a history of wheeze, dyspnea, or cough in 2007. The initial assessment included spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, skin prick tests, and bronchial provocation tests by exercise, methacholine, and mannitol. Respiratory symptoms were assessed with questionnaires at baseline and at follow‐up 7 years later. Associations between baseline factors and wheeze at follow‐up were investigated by logistic regression. Results: At baseline, 111 children were examined in 2007. After 7 years, 85 (77%) completed the follow‐up questionnaire, among whom 61 (72%) had wheeze at baseline, while at follow‐up 39 (46%) reported wheeze. Adjusting for age and sex, the following characteristics predicted wheeze at adolescence: wheeze triggered by pets (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.2‐14.8), pollen (2.8, 1.1‐7.0), and exercise (3.1, 1.2‐8.0). Of the clinical tests, only a positive exercise test (3.2, 1.1‐9.7) predicted wheeze at adolescence. Conclusion: Reported exercise‐induced wheeze and wheeze triggered by pets or pollen were important predictors of wheeze persistence into adolescence. None of the clinical tests predicted wheeze more strongly than reported symptoms. Clinical tests might be important for asthma diagnosis but medical history is more helpful in predicting prognosis in children referred for asthma.
Pediatric Pulmonology

Funding information NIH Clinical Center, Grant/Award Number: T32 HD068223‐04 Abstract Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X‐linked, progressive neuromuscular disorder that results in chronic respiratory insufficiency and subsequently failure requiring noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Adherence to NIV in neuromuscular disorders and related barriers are poorly described. The aim of the current study was to assess NIV adherence, adherence barriers, and identify psychosocial predictors of adherence in young boys with early DMD‐related sleep disordered breathing and recommended nocturnal NIV. This cross‐sectional study included 42 youth with DMD with prescribed nocturnal NIV, and their caregivers. Caregivers and youth completed questionnaires assessing adherence barriers, psychosocial symptoms (eg, anxiety and depressive symptoms), and stress. Medical information pertinent to cardiopulmonary health and neurologic status at both enrollment and initiation of NIV was reviewed. Adherence to NIV, defined as percent days used and days used ≥4 hours/day was 56.1 ± 38.7% and 46.2 ± 40.6%, respectively. Average duration of use on days worn was 5.61 ± 4.23 hours. NIV usage was correlated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea but not cardiopulmonary variables. Mask discomfort was the most commonly reported adherence barrier followed by behavioral barriers (eg, refusing to use). Multiple regression analyses revealed that internalizing behaviors (eg, anxiety and depressive symptoms) and total adherence barriers significantly predicted NIV adherence. Adherence to NIV in DMD is poor and similar to other pediatric chronic diseases. Our data suggest interventions targeting adherence barriers and patient internalizing symptoms may improve adherence to NIV in DMD.
Soil Stability and the Architecture of Root Systems

We have characterized saturated soil shear strength in fallow soil (controls) and in soil planted with Avena fatua as a function of several key variables: depth from soil surface, plant developmental stage, and soil compression. Root tensile strength was measured as a function of distance from the root apex in well-watered and water-stressed roots. Root growth analysis revealed the spatial pattern of expansion producing the root elongation in the soil. Root area per unit of soil area was characterized to correlate with the soil shear strength measurements. Soil erodibility is being characterized as a function of plant developmental stage. The PI put some effort into studying the water relations sustaining elongation. Mathematical models and automated time lapse growth studies led to increased understanding of the path of water from soil through the plant to enable root elongation and thereby soil stabilization at deeper layers. We addressed management implications by networking with Andrew Simon, Danny Klimetz, and Natasha Pollen of the USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, Michelle Watt of CSIRO in Australia, and Alison Berry of Plant Sciences Dept. UCD. Importance of plant cover for soil stability and riparian habitat was taught in two undergraduate courses at UCD. Results were communicated to experts in plant-soil relations at an international meeting of the Functional and Structural Plant Modeling group and at an international workshop on plant modeling supported by the National Science Foundation.
Element diffusion rates in lunar granulitic breccias: Evidence for contact metamorphism on the Moon

Abstract Lunar granulitic breccias are a group of clast-bearing impact-melt lithologies that have been brecciated, and then metamorphosed at high temperature (-1000 °C) to generate annealed (granoblastic to poikiloblastic) textures. They are ubiquitous among lunar samples, but occur in small volumes, typically as clasts in other lunar rocks. We have determined major, minor, and trace element diffusion profiles in olivines, orthopyroxenes, and clinopyroxenes from one Apollo 16 (60035), three Apollo 17 (77017, 78155, 79215), and two paired lunar meteorites (NWA 3163 and NWA 4881) by means of electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. The results show that relic igneous clasts exhibit an absence of, or limited, major element zoning, yet retain minor and trace element profiles. We exploit this characteristic to estimate the duration of high-temperature metamorphism responsible for their recrystallization. To achieve this we have completed pyroxene thermometry, element linescans, X‑ray mapping, and modeling of heating and cooling of hanging wall and footwall lithologies juxtaposed with a hot body. The high equilibration temperatures, moderately high siderophile contents, and time scales of metamorphism of the lunar granulites indicate that they were metamorphosed in relatively near-surface settings. Diffusion calculations indicate that most granulitic breccias were heated for 13 000-300 000 yr. We conclude that they formed above or beneath superheated impact-melt sheets associated with medium-size (100-200 km) craters.
Address position variability in golfers of differing skill level

This study aimed to determine whether differences in variability at address exist between golfers of low and high handicaps. A consistent shot type was employed by 20 golfers from 2 skill groups over 10–15 shots with a midiron. Kinematics analysis revealed only one significant difference between skill levels: the alignment relationship between the stance and shoulders, with the high skill golfers demonstrating reduced variability. Whole group variability was significantly reduced between the distance of the ball and the midpoint of the stance, pelvis and shoulders. Alignment variability also significantly decreased toward distal segments of the kinematic sequence where variable error decreased between the alignment of stance relative to shoulders and pelvis relative to shoulders with no effect of skill level. Results suggest the more distal segments of the kinematic sequence present a greater need for reduced detrimental variability. Coaches should ensure that golfers understand the importance of shoulder alignment in relation to the stance and how on course slopes and lies can influence the positions presented at address for distal segments of the golf swing kinematic sequence.
Pediatric Pulmonology

Funding information Thomas Wilson Sanitarium For Children of Baltimore City; National Institutes of Health, Grant/Award Number: K23‐ES029985 Abstract Introduction: Infants born prematurely are at high risk for morbidities, including lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD]). Little is known regarding environmental factors that can impact outcomes in BPD. We sought to assess the role of traffic‐ related air pollution (TRAP) on respiratory outcomes in BPD. Methods: A total of 784 subjects were included from the Johns Hopkins BPD clinic. Caregivers completed questionnaires on environmental exposures and respiratory outcomes (acute care use and chronic symptoms). Distance to the nearest major roadway was derived from subjectsʼ geocoded residential addresses. Results: Approximately half of the subjects (53.8%) lived within 500m of a major roadway. Subjects who lived within 500m of a major roadway were more likely to be non‐white (P = .006), have a lower estimated household income (P < .001) and live in more densely populated zip codes (P < .001) than those who lived further than 500m away. For every 1 km increase in distance between residence and roadway, the likelihood of activity limitations decreased by 35% (P = .005). No differences in acute care use were seen with proximity to major roadways. Conclusions: Proximity to a major roadway was associated with chronic respiratory symptoms, such as activity limitations (eg, dyspnea), and tended to be associated with nighttime symptoms as well. Self‐reported minorities and families with lower estimated household incomes may be more likely to be exposed to TRAP. Further research is necessary to define the effects of TRAP versus other sources of indoor and outdoor air pollution as well as to determine the best ways of combatting pollution‐related respiratory morbidities.
Pediatric Pulmonology

Funding information South Valley University, Faculty of Medicine, Qena, Egypt Abstract Purpose: The current study aimed to assess the serum levels of vitamin D and immunoglobulin E (IgE) among asthmatic Egyptian children and to find out the possible associations of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms with bronchial asthma development. Methods: The study included 100 Egyptian children, 50 asthmatic children who were comparable with 50 age, sex, and body mass index‐matched, unrelated healthy controls (HCs) clinical assessments of asthmatic children were done using global initiative of asthma. Pulmonary function tests (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV1/FVC ratio) were performed. Enzyme‐ linked immunosorbent assays of serum vitamin D3 and total IgE were done. VDR‐single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (ApaI, TaqI, and BsmI) detection has performed using polymerase chain reaction through restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. The studied SNPs were followed the Hardy Weinberg equation. Results: The mean serum level of 25(OH) D3 was significantly lower among asthmatic children (13.46 ng/mL ± 10.50 SD) in comparison to HCs (37.53 ng/mL ± 13. 0.40 SD), P < . 05. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 72% of cases with no significant difference in its level regarding asthma control. There was significantly higher IgE level among asthmatic children (99.83 ku/L ± 233.81 SD) versus HCs (7.52 ku/L ± 3.32 SD), P < . 05. Asthmatic children were presented more commonly with TaqI t allele (odds ratio [OR], 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28‐3.96; P < .05) and BsmI b allele (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.05‐3.21; P < .05). ApaI a allele was not significantly different among patients versus controls (P > .05). TT + Tt and Bb + bb genotypes were significantly higher among cases versus the controls, P < . 05 for all. Conclusions: TaqI and BsmI were associated with risk of bronchial asthma development among Egyptian children. High IgE and Low vitamin D status were frequently occurring among asthmatic children.
Predictors of Maternal Perceptions of their Offspring’s Weight Status During Adolescence: Evidence from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy Cohort

Abdullah A Mamun1*, Brett M McDermott2, Munim Mannan1, Michael J O’Callaghan3, Jake M Najman1 and Gail M Williams1 1School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 2Kids in Mind Research: The Mater Centre for Service Research in Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 3Child Development and Rehabilitation Services, Mater Children’s Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L: A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY OF THE LITERATURE ON DATE PALM

This study carried out a bibliometric analysis of the literature on Phoenix Dactylifera L (date palm). The purpose was to study the periodic growth of literature, author patterns, topical focus, language dispersal, and geographic origin of literature on dates. All related databases and several online catalogues of libraries were searched to identify a final list of 2,465 citations. This data set was analyzed using various bibliographic characteristics. The volume of literature on date palm started increasing from less than one publication per year before 1970 to 80+ papers annually during the 1990s. Most of this literature comes from Agriculture, Biological Sciences, and Chemistry. A small core of authors contributed about one-third of the citations. Four-fifths of the citations are the result of collaborative work. About two-fifths of the papers are published by only 36 journals. Iraq and Egypt are the leading contributors to this literature. English is the most predominant language. The findings of this study will be of benefit to scholars in several disciplines. By identifying various patterns in the literature, it will create awareness among concerned scholars regarding the core authors, core journals that publish this literature, areas where more research is being conducted, and areas where more research needs to be done. It should also encourage researchers to initiate collaborative and inter-disciplinary research.
Assessment of the Global and Regional Land Hydrosphere and Its Impact on the Balance of the Geophysical Excitation Function of Polar Motion

The impact of continental hydrological loading from land water, snow and ice on polar motion excitation, calculated as hydrological angular momentum (HAM), is difficult to estimate, and not as much is known about it as about atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) and oceanic angular momentum (OAM). In this paper, regional hydrological excitations to polar motion are investigated using monthly terrestrial water storage data derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission and from the five models of land hydrology. The results show that the areas where the variance shows large variability are similar for the different models of land hydrology and for the GRACE data. Areas which have a small amplitude on the maps make an important contribution to the global hydrological excitation function of polar motion. The comparison of geodetic residuals and global hydrological excitation functions of polar motion shows that none of the hydrological excitation has enough energy to significantly improve the agreement between the observed geodetic excitation and geophysical ones.
The Magnetic Field Freezes the Mercedes–Benz Water Model

In this study, we investigate the impact of magnetic fields on the structural and thermodynamic properties of water. To accomplish this, we employed the Mercedes–Benz (MB) model, a two-dimensional representation of water using Lennard–Jones disks with angle-dependent interactions that closely mimic hydrogen bond formation. We extended the MB model by introducing two charges to enable interaction with the magnetic field. Employing molecular dynamics simulations, we thoroughly explored the thermodynamic properties concerning various magnetic flux intensities. As a result, we observed that under a weak magnetic flux, the property of water remained unaltered, while a stronger flux astonishingly led to the freezing of water molecules. Furthermore, our study revealed that once a specific flux magnitude was reached, the density anomaly disappeared, and an increase in flux caused the MB particles to form a glassy state.