Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Perspective and Coplanar Cockpit Displays of Traffic Information to Support Hazard Awareness in Free Flight

We examined the cockpit display representation of traffic, to support the pilot in tactical planning and conflict avoidance. Such displays may support the "free flight" concept, but can also support greater situation awareness in a non-free flight environment. Two perspective views and a coplanar display were contrasted in scenarios in which pilots needed to navigate around conflicting traffic, either in the absence (low workload) or presence (high workload) of a second intruder aircraft. All three formats were configured with predictive aiding vectors that explicitly represented the predicted point of closest pass, and predicted penetration of an alert zone around ownship. Ten pilots were assigned to each of the display conditions, and each flew a series of 60 conflict maneuvers that varied in their workload and the complexity of the conflict geometry. Results indicated a tendency to choose vertical over lateral maneuvers, a tendency which was amplified with the coplanar display. Vertical maneuvers by the intruder produced an added source of workload. Importantly, the coplanar display supported performance in all measures that was equal to or greater than either of the perspective displays (i.e., fewer predicted and actual conflicts, less extreme maneuvers). Previous studies that have indicated perspective superiority have only contrasted these with UNIplanar displays rather than the coplanar display used here.
VPIN and the Flash Crash

Easley, Lopez de Prado and O'Hara introduce VPIN as a real-time indicator of order flow toxicity. They find it useful for monitoring order fl ow imbalances and signaling impending market turmoil, exemplified by the ash crash. They also deem VPIN a good forecaster of short-term volatility. In contrast, we find that VPIN is a poor volatility predictor, that it only reached an all-time high following the ash crash, and that its predictive content stems from a mechanical relation with trading intensity. Generally, we caution against adoption of any specific market stress metric until it is compared thoroughly to suitable benchmarks.
Evaluating effectiveness of screening house eaves as an intervention for integrated vector management for malaria control in Nyabondo, Western Kenya.

BackgroundMosquito-proofing of houses with appropriate screens fixed at potential mosquito entry points is gaining greater recognition as a practical intervention for reducing malaria transmission indoors. The study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of house eaves screening in preventing mosquito entry and malaria prevalence in Nyabondo, western Kenya. Methods160 houses were selected for the study, with half of them randomly chosen for screening at the eaves with fibre-glass coated wire mesh (experimental group) and the other half left without screening (control group). Randomization was carried out by use of computer-generated list, in permuted blocks of ten houses and 16 village blocks in the study site, with treatments in the ratio of 1:1. Cross-sectional baseline entomological and malaria parasitological data were collected before house eave screening. After the baseline period, series of sampling of indoor adult mosquitoes were conducted once a month in each village using CDC light traps. Three cross-sectional malaria parasitological surveys were also conducted at three month intervals after installation of the screens. The primary outcome measures were indoor Anopheles mosquito density and malaria parasite prevalence. ResultsA total of 15,286 mosquitoes were collected over the two years period using CDC light trap in 160 houses distributed over 16 study villages (mean = 4.35, SD = 11.48). Of all mosquitoes collected, 2,872 were anophelines (2,869 An. gambiae s.l., 1 An. funestus and 2 other anopheles). Overall, among An. gambiae collected, 92.6% were non-blood fed, 3.57% were blood fed and the remaining 0.47% were composed of gravid and half gravid females. Overall more mosquitoes were collected in the control than experimental arms of the study. Results from four cross-sectional prevalence surveys showed that screened houses recorded relatively low malaria prevalence rates compared to the control houses. Overall, malaria prevalence was 5.6% (95%CI: 4.2-7.5) N=1,918, with baseline survey recording 6.1% prevalence (95%CI: 3.9-9.4), n=481 and third follow-up survey recording 3.6% prevalence (95%CI: 2.0-6.8) n=494. At all the three follow-up survey points, house screening significantly reduced the malaria prevalence by 100% (p<0.001), 63.6% (p=0.026), and 100% (p<0.001) for first, second and third follow-ups surveys respectively. The house screening significantly reduced malaria prevalence by 54% (OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.24-0.87, p = 0.017). Conclusions﻿The study demonstrated that house eave screening has potential to reduce indoor vector densities and malaria transmission in high transmission areas in Kenya.
Double-multiple streamtube model for Darrieus in turbines

An analytical model is proposed for calculating the rotor performance and aerodynamic blade forces for Darrieus wind turbines with curved blades. The method of analysis uses a multiple-streamtube model, divided into two parts: one modeling the upstream half-cycle of the rotor and the other, the downstream half-cycle. The upwind and downwind components of the induced velocities at each level of the rotor were obtained using the principle of two actuator disks in tandem. Variation of the induced velocities in the two parts of the rotor produces larger forces in the upstream zone and smaller forces in the downstream zone. Comparisons of the overall rotor performance with previous methods and field test data show the important improvement obtained with the present model. The calculations were made using the computer code CARDAA developed at IREQ. The double-multiple streamtube model presented has two major advantages: it requires a much shorter computer time than the three-dimensional vortex model and is more accurate than multiple-streamtube model in predicting the aerodynamic blade loads.
Influence of discipline and working period on employee performance at PT Yugier Care Indonesia

Human resource management is very important in achieving the company's goals. The growth and development of a business or company will be highly determined and influenced by human resource management including human resource management in it. The research was conducted on employees of PT. Yugier Care Indonesia. The type of data used in research is primary data sourced from respondents' answers to a number of questions related to research variables. Research variables include; disipli (X1), working life (X2) and sales performance (Y). The data collection method used by this research data is a survey method with structured interview techniques. The data analysis techniques used in this study are multiple regeresi analysis, t test (t-test) and F (Anova) test. The results concluded that the two variables (factors) namely discipline (X1) and working period (X2) partially or individually have no influence on sales performance at PT. Yugier Care Indonesia, but simultaneously (together) the two variables have a significant (significant) influence.
The Effect of Lecturer’s Attitude toward the Performance of Students in Purchasing Management in Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri

The study investigated the indicators of the students’ academic performance in Purchasing Management in Ramat Polytechnic one with a view to finding out ways to improve the students’ performance in purchasing Management. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of three hundred students from the Department of Marketing Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri. Simple random sampling procedures were used to select 330 respondents used for the study. Structured questionnaire was utilized for the data collection. One research hypotheses was raised and analyzed using simple frequency counts, percentages and chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. Results of the findings revealed that the lecturer’s attitude affects the students’ performance in Purchasing Management TR HPO 1(cal.X2= 440 82 Table value = 36.42, df= 24, P DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013. v2n7p51
Use of Dynamic Cone Penetration and Clegg Hammer Tests for Quality Control of Roadway Compaction and Construction

Soil compaction quality control presently relies on the determination of the in-place compacted dry unit weight, which is then compared with the maximum dry unit weight obtained from a laboratory compaction test. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) requires that the in-place dry unit weight for compacted soil be over 95% of the laboratory maximum dry unit weight. In order to determine the in-place dry unit weight, INDOT engineers generally use nuclear gauges, which are hazardous and also costly because of the required safety precautions. Thus, several alternative tests such as the Dynamic Cone Penetration Test (DCPT) and the Clegg Hammer Test (CHT) were introduced as testing tools for soil compaction quality control. However, no reliable correlations are available in the literature to employ these tests for soil compaction quality control. The main objectives of this research were to evaluate the use of the DCPT and the CHT results to develop criteria for soil compaction quality control. A number of DCPTs and CHTs was performed on Indiana road sites, in a test pit, and in the soil test chamber at Purdue University. Since soil compaction varies from place to place, a statistical approach was applied to account for the compaction variability in the development of the criteria for soil compaction quality control. Based on the DCP tests performed on several INDOT road sites, as well as in the test pit at Purdue University, and the requirement that the in-place dry unit weight of the fill material be over 95% of the laboratory maximum dry unit weight, minimum required DCP blow counts (NDCP)req were proposed for soils belonging to three groups of the AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) soil classification system. For the DCPT, the minimum required blow count for 0-to-12 inch penetration, (NDCP)|0~12” associated with an RC of 95% for A-3 soil varied from 7 to 10; it is a function of the coefficient of uniformity. For A-1 soil and A-2 soils except those containing gravel, the (NDCP)|0~12” was a function of the optimum moisture content. For silty clays, the minimum required blow counts, (NDCP)|0~6” and (NDCP)|6~12” were a function of the plasticity index and the soil percentage passing the #40 sieve. Since the relationship of Clegg Impact Value (CIV) with relative compaction exhibited considerable variability, no criterion for CHT was proposed. Dynamic analyses hold promise in forming the basis for interpretation of the DCPT and CHT results since predictions of the penetration process (DCPT) and accelerations (CHT) for sand under controlled conditions were very reasonable.
Switched Reluctance Motor Drives

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE SWITCH RELUCTANCE MOTOR (SRM) Introduction Background Elementary Operation of the Switch Reluctance Motor Principle of Operation of the Switched Reluctance Motor Derivation of the Relationship Between Inductance and Rotor Position Equivalent Circuit SRM Configurations Linear Switched Reluctance Machines References DERIVATION OF SRM CHARACTERISTICS Introduction Data for Performance Computation Analytic Method for the Computation of Machine Characteristics Computation of Unaligned Inductance Computation of Aligned Inductance Computation of Inductance vs. Rotor Position vs. Excitation Current Comparison of Measured, Analytic and Finite Element Results References DESIGN OF SRM Introduction Derivation of Output Equation Selection of Dimensions Design Verification Operational Limit Selection of Number of Phases Selection of Poles Ratio of Pole-Arc to Pole-Pitch Selection of Pole Base Selection of Pole-Arcs Measurement of Inductance Calculation of Torque Design of Linear Switched Reluctance Machine (LSRM) References CHAPTER 4: CONVERTERS FOR SRM DRIVES Converter Configurations Asymmetric Bridge Converter Asymmetric Converter Variation Single Switch per Phase Converters m Switches and 2m Diodes m Switches and 2m Diodes with Independent Phase Current Control (m+1) Switch and Diode Configurations One Common Switch Configuration Minimum Switch Topology With Variable DC Link Variable DC Link Voltage with Buck Boost Converter Topology 1.5m Switches and Diodes Configuration Comparison of Some Power Converters Two Stage Power Converter Resonant Converter Circuits for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives References CONTROL OF SRM DRIVE Introduction Control Principle Closed Loop Speed Controlled SRM Drive Design of Current Controllers Flux Linkage Controller Torque Control Design of the Speed Controller References MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SRM DRIVE SYSTEM Introduction Modeling Simulation References ACOUSTIC NOISE AND ITS CONTROL IN SRM Introduction Sources of Acoustic Noise in Electrical Machines Noise Sources Noise Mitigation Qualitative Design Measures to Reduce Noise Measurement of Acoustic Noise and Vibrations Future Directions Appendix-1: Derivation of First Mode Frequency of SRM References SENSORLESS OPERATION OF SRM DRIVES Introduction Current Sensing Rotor Position Measurement Methods Rotor Position Estimation References APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS AND APPLICATIONS Introduction Review of SRM Drive Features for Application Consideration Applications Emerging applications References
Driver distractions: characteristics underlying drivers’ risk perceptions

Driver distraction is a research area that continues to receive considerable research interest but the drivers’ perspective is less well documented. The current research focuses on how drivers perceive the risks associated with a range of driver distractions with the aim of identifying features that contribute to their risk perception judgements. Multidimensional scaling analysis was employed to better understand drivers’ risk perceptions for 15 in‐vehicle and external distractions. Results identify both salient qualitative characteristics that underpin drivers’ risk perceptions, such as the probability of a crash, as well as identify other features inherent in the distractions that may also contribute to risk perceptions. The implications of the results are discussed for better understanding drivers’ perceptions of distractions and the potential for improving road safety messages related to distracted driving.
Enforcement of the Zero Tolerance Law in California: A missed opportunity?

This paper reports on the enforcement of a zero tolerance (ZT) law implemented on January 1, 1994, in California. Some provisions in that legislation merely intended to make enforcement easy; for example, using handheld, portable, breath- testing devices at the roadside. The research employs a model of the expected official actions, target group reactions, and underage fatal crashes to trace the impact of the law on underage drinking and driving. The results indicate little increase in the intensity of enforcement and no change in the perceived risk of arrest among the target group; however, results do indicate a possible reduction in drinking drivers involved in fatal crashes in that group. Language: en
A Biomechanical Analysis of Head, Neck, and Torso Injuries to Child Surrogates Due to Sudden Torso Acceleration

The authors report on the injuries to the head, neck and thorax of fifteen child surrogates, subjected to varying levels of sudden acceleration. Measured response data in the child surrogate tests and in matched tests with a three-year-old child test dummy are compared to the observed child surrogates injury levels to develop preliminary tolerance data for the child surrogate. The data are compared with already published data in the literature.
An ethnographic investigation of the relevance of shop floor culture to effective safety communication in an Australian minerals refinery

Many organisations which aim to achieve excellent workplace safety choose ‘culture change’ as the means to achieve this. They make use of employee communication media to help re-form the values, beliefs, norms and behaviours which are generally thought to comprise culture. However, culture is a complex and profound phenomenon. Successful communication between two culturally separate groups requires each to achieve an understanding of the other, no less so in workplaces than in societies composed of different cultures. Yet even employers who believe in communicating fully with their workforces find it difficult to convey viewpoints other than their own. Their communication tends therefore to be one-directional, asymmetrical and controlling, typified by the ubiquitous staff newsletter containing articles about people’s contribution to corporate goals. The messages contained in such media have little or none of their desired effect because they tend to be re-interpreted via the cultural forces of the workers to whom the messages are directed. This study investigated a large industrial minerals refinery to analyse the working lives of shop floor employees and the effectiveness of various communication channels. It focused on one group to whom safety messages were communicated, the shop floor ‘crews’, and examined how the organisation’s hierarchy, rules, and informal organisation mediated this communication. An ethnographic approach was chosen as the means of the research because of its emic superiority to the frequently-used quantitative methods of inquiry into both organisational culture and safety. Through deep immersion in the working lives of the shop floor, this method provided an epistemological vibrancy which statistical analysis could not. Via the ethnographic method, the study explored whether and to what degree the communication of safety messages can contribute to safety. From a contextual understanding of how safety communication occurred within the refinery, the study went on specifically to examine a novel approach taken
Co-occupant's exposure of expiratory droplets—Effects of mouth coverings

Infectious disease transmission in enclosed environments has become one of the major public concerns since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Mouth covering, acting as a non-pharmaceutical intervention, is one feasible measure to mitigate viral infection and has been extensively studied. However, its performance in reducing airborne infections under different ventilation conditions was seldom investigated. In this article, the effects of mouth covering on the co-occupant's exposure are numerically studied under three commonly employed ventilation systems, and the dispersion of exhaled droplet residuals at different coughed airflow velocities is also evaluated under a mixing ventilation system. The results show that the use of mouth covering can interrupt the horizontal transportation of exhaled air to protect the co-occupant from direct exposure to the coughed droplets for all systems, but the effects on the later-stage indirect exposure of the co-occupant are very different for the three ventilation systems. The displacement ventilation system can achieve the lowest exposure for all droplets investigated when the mouth of the polluting person is covered. The total inhaled dose can be reduced by more than 70% under displacement ventilation by wearing a mouth covering and by about 40%–60% under mixing ventilation and under-floor air distribution systems. Meanwhile, the research on varying coughing velocities indicates that the expiratory velocity can only influence the co-occupant's direct exposure, and the inhaled dose at the later stage is primarily associated with the specific ventilation method.
Assessing the Dissemination of COVID-19 Articles Across Social Media With Altmetric and PlumX Metrics: Correlational Study

BACKGROUND: The use of social media assists in the distribution of COVID-19 information to the general public and health professionals. Alternative-level metrics (ie, altmetrics) and PlumX metrics are new bibliometrics that can assess how many times a scientific article has been shared and how much a scientific article has spread within social media platforms. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to characterize and compare the traditional bibliometrics (ie, citation count and impact factors) and new bibliometrics (ie, Altmetric Attention Score [AAS] and PlumX score) of the top 100 COVID-19 articles with the highest AASs. METHODS: The top 100 articles with highest AASs were identified with Altmetric Explorer in May 2020. The AASs, journal names, and the number of mentions in various social media databases of each article were collected. Citation counts and PlumX Field-Weighted Citation Impact scores were collected from the Scopus database. Additionally, AASs, PlumX scores, and citation counts were log-transformed and adjusted by +1 for linear regression, and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine correlations. RESULTS: The median AAS, PlumX score, and citation count were 4922.50, 37.92, and 24.00, respectively. The New England Journal of Medicine published the most articles (18/100, 18%). The highest number of mentions (985,429/1,022,975, 96.3%) were found on Twitter, making it the most frequently used social media platform. A positive correlation was observed between AAS and citation count (r2=0.0973; P=.002), and between PlumX score and citation count (r2=0.8911; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that citation count weakly correlated with AASs and strongly correlated with PlumX scores, with regard to COVID-19 articles at this point in time. Altmetric and PlumX metrics should be used to complement traditional citation counts when assessing the dissemination and impact of a COVID-19 article.
Photon Dose Calculations in a Fluence-Based Treatment Planning System: Data Processing, Implementation and Validation

The accuracy of dose calculations for various aspects of a treatment planning system (TPS) using an energy fluence beam modelling has been evaluated. The investigated TPS uses a beam model, which separates the energy fluence into a number of sources in the treatment head. The energy fluence components are transported towards the patient and, together with the scatter generated in the patient, yield the total dose. The parameters in the model on which the calculations are based are derived from measured data. Several steps must be performed before a TPS can be adopted for clinical use. The most basic step is to collect the data required for the dose calculation algorithm of the TPS, such as depth doses, dose profiles, output factors in air and in water, etc. In this work, an investigation has been made of different methods of measuring output factors in air. An investigation on the variability of the prescribed characterisation measurements among several users has also been conducted. The treatment unit characterisation step involves taking the measured input data, stated by the TPS vendor, and converting these into the model parameters required by the TPS dose calculation model. TPS-calculated dose distributions for the standard characterisation fields have been evaluated and compared with the input dose measurements. This constitutes the basic quality control level for the individual beams. In clinical settings, a variety of accessories in terms of field shaping, compensators, wedges, etc, are commonly used. These different treatment scenarios have been evaluated in terms of the level of accuracy achievable. For a number of situations, e.g. beams in heterogeneous media, modulated and asymmetric beams and beams subject to different scattering volumes, the TPS dose calculations have been compared with measured and Monte Carlo simulated data. With the exception of dose calculations in the build up region and for some 60-degree wedge data, the dose calculations agree with measurements to within 3 % level.