Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of adverse childhood experiences with subjective cognitive decline in adulthood: Findings from a population-based study

Abstract Objective Adverse childhood experiences have been found to be associated with negative outcomes during adulthood. Emerging research indicates that adverse childhood experiences may elevate the risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Yet, few studies have investigated the association between adverse childhood experiences and subjective cognitive decline among middle-aged and older adults in the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between adverse childhood experiences and subjective cognitive decline among middle-aged and older adults in the United States. Methods Data for this study were obtained from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. An analytic sample of 50,277 adults aged 45 to 79 years (53.3% female) from 15 states was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The outcome variable investigated in this study was subjective cognitive decline, and the main explanatory variable was adverse childhood experiences. Results Of the 50,277 respondents, 10.3% reported experiencing subjective cognitive decline during the past year, and 14.5% had four or more adverse childhood experiences. We found a dose-response association between adverse childhood experiences and subjective cognitive decline. Respondents who had four or more adverse childhood experiences had 2.98 times higher odds of having subjective cognitive decline when compared to respondents with no adverse childhood experiences (aOR = 2.98, 95% CI = 2.56-3.48). Other factors associated with subjective cognitive decline have been identified and discussed. Conclusion The findings of this study provide evidence indicating that early life factors may be linked with cognitive decline in later adulthood. The findings of this study are discussed with implications for practice and research.
Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, Unethical Behavior in the Name of the Company: The Role of Job Insecurity, Job Embeddedness, and Turnover Intention

The worldwide economic crisis initiated by the COVID-19 pandemic certainly altered the perception of regular job insecurity dimensions and brought these to the ultimate level. When employees feel insecure, they may decide to participate in unethical behavior in the name of the company to avoid layoff and become retained employees. This study investigated the relationship between job insecurity and unethical organizational behavior through the mediating role of job embeddedness and turnover intention. A total of 685 employees working in five- and four-star hotels and category A travel agents participated in this study. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Job embeddedness and turnover intention were found to be partially mediated by the impact of job insecurity on unethical organizational behavior. Theoretical and practical implications were identified and discussed.
WHAT FACTORS AFFECT STUDENTS’ WHISTLEBLOWING INTENTIONS?

Accounting students' courageous behavior in exposing fraud or violation is critical for their future careers as accountants and other professions. This paper attempts to explain the variables that influence whistleblowing intentions through the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) lens. This study used a survey to gather data from 154 accounting students. The effect of attitude variables, subjective norms, and behavioral control on accounting students' whistleblowing intentions was examined using a regression test. The regression analysis indicated that all three variables influenced whistleblowing intentions positively. Among the three variables, attitude towards behavior has the biggest impact on whistleblowing intentions, at 37%. This could be interpreted as the need of building accounting students' attitude character to encourage whistleblowing action. Accounting lecturers, as indicators of student subjective norms, play a critical role in developing these characters. This study has theoretically confirmed the applicability of the TPB. The findings of this study assist policymakers in developing a university-based whistleblowing system.
A ingestão de prébioticos previne a malabsorção de ferro e anemia induzidas pela gastrectomia?: Estudo experimental em ratos

BACKGROUND: The ingestion of two prebiotics, galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX), leads to an increase in iron absorption and promotes recovery from anemia in gastrectomized rats. AIM: To study whether GOS + PDX stimulate iron absorption in gastrectomized and normals rats. METHODS: Rats were laparotomized (sham-operated control) and partially gastrectomized (Billroth II) in groups of 20 each. Animals from both treatments were subsequently fed a control diet (AIN-93M) or the same diet supplemented with GOS and PDX (25 g/Kg of diet each) for eight weeks. They were divided into four subgroups, i.e., sham-operated and gastrectomized without GOS + PDX, sham-operated and gastrectomized with GOS + PDX. Two rats died during the experiment. All gastrectomized rats received an intramuscular injection of vitamin B-12 every two weeks. Hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin concentration (HGB) were measured at the start and on day 30 and 56 days after the start of feeding. On the final day of the study, total blood was collected for determination of serum iron concentration. RESULTS: In the diet with GOS + PDX, iron excretion in feces was significantly lower than without the prebiotics. Apparent iron absorption and serum iron was higher in the GOS + PDX fed groups (both sham operated and gastrectomized) than in the non-GOS + PDX fed groups. The HCT and HGB concentrations were significantly lower in gastrectomized rats than in the control group, however, GOS + PDX feeding improved HGB levels in this group. CONCLUSION: The association of the GOS + PDX increase absorption of iron in sham-operated and gastrectomized rats and still prevent postgastrectomy anemia.
Differential Influence of Pueraria lobata Root Extract and Its Main Isoflavones on Ghrelin Levels in Alcohol-Treated Rats

The study was carried out on alcohol-preferring male Wistar rats. The following drugs were repeatedly (28×) administered: acamprosate (500 mg/kg, p.o.), naltrexone (0.1 mg/kg, i.p), and Pueraria lobata (kudzu) root extract (KU) (500 mg/kg, p.o.) and its isoflavones: daidzin (40 mg/kg, p.o.) and puerarin (150 mg/kg, p.o.). Their effects on a voluntary alcohol intake were assessed. KU and alcohol were also given for 9 days in an experiment on alcohol tolerance development. Finally, total and active ghrelin levels in peripheral blood serum were measured by ELISA method. Acamprosate, naltrexone, daidzin, and puerarin, reducing the alcohol intake, caused an increase in both forms of ghrelin levels. On the contrary, though KU inhibited the alcohol intake and alcohol tolerance development, it reduced ghrelin levels in alcohol-preferring rats. The changes of ghrelin concentration could play a role as an indicator of the currently used drugs. The other effect on the KU-induced shift in ghrelin levels in the presence of alcohol requires further detailed study.
Changes in College Student Anxiety and Depression From Pre- to During-COVID-19: Perceived Stress, Academic Challenges, Loneliness, and Positive Perceptions

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major stressor that has negatively impacted global mental health. Many U.S. college students faced an abrupt transition to remote learning in March 2020 that significantly disrupted their routines, likely causing changes in mental health. The current study examined changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms among 990 college students, from before COVID-19 had reached U.S. community spread to 5 months into the pandemic. Results indicate overall increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms; this effect was amplified as more COVID-related challenges with academic impact and loneliness were reported. Increases in anxiety and depression were buffered as a function of greater perceived positive changes attributed to COVID-19; the differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms over time were also lessened when greater perceived stress prior to COVID-19 was reported. Findings reveal an unexpected effect involving pre-pandemic stress, and highlight potential targets to promote resilience, which should be examined long-term.
An RC network analysis of long term Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ bias stability

Experimental bias stability data for LiNbO/sub 3/ electrooptic modulators spanning intervals from seconds to hundreds of days are analyzed. We find that the unique features of the data may be described through refinements of previous resistor capacitor network models. Network element values deduced from the experimental data provide compelling evidence that the interfaces between constituent materials play a significant role in the long term behavior of devices. The success of the model suggests it may be a valuable tool in the development of devices having low bias drift rates and in establishing test and reliability criteria.
Self-consistent particle simulation for (AlGa)As/GaAs HBTs under high bias conditions

Nonequilibrium electron transport phenomena in the emitter and collector regions under high bias conditions were investigated for standard N-p-n (AlGa)As/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) by utilizing a previously developed one-dimensional self-consistent particle simulator. A dramatic increase in the cutoff frequency was observed for a lightly doped collector HBT as the current density increased over 10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/, where the collector transit time was reduced due to the extension of the velocity overshoot region in the collector corresponding to the decrease in electric field near onset of the Kirk effect. A saturation tendency was seen in the collector current versus base-to-emitter bias voltage (V/sub BE/) characteristic for high V/sub BE/, where V/sub BE/ exceeded the base-to-emitter built-in voltage of the conduction band. Simulations indicate that this feature is caused by electron velocity saturation in the neutral n-type (AlGa)As emitter region. >
STUDENTS’ OPINION ABOUT SOCIAL MARKETING MIX INTERVENTION TOWARDS STUDENTS' CHANGE BEHAVIOR ON SMOKING IN ACEH

Background: Smoking behavior kills up to half of its users. The prevalence of adolescents aged 16-19 years who smoke increased 3 times from 7.1% in 1995 to 20.5% in 2014. In 2018, the age at first smoking per day was highest in Aceh, namely 15-19 years (53 ,5%). Interventions using an Islamicbased marketing mix are still rarely done to change smoking habits in adolescents. This study aims to examine students' opinions about the marketing mix intervention on the materials and media used to change students' smoking behavior in Aceh. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental method without control group design. The sample in this study were 132 smokers who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. To collect data used a questionnaire. Univariate analysis was conducted to determine the percentage of each question for each given intervention. The results of the study: students' assessment of the presenters and media from each theme showed satisfactory results and was very acceptable for students to change smoking behavior. Conclusions and Suggestions: According students, module design based on marketing mix method were easily accepted to change smoking behavior. For this reason, it is hoped that the intervention can be used to determine the effectiveness of students' smoking behavior.
The Social Impacts and Consequences of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Observations from India and Sri Lanka

The 26 December 2004 tsunami is one of the most severe disasters of the last several decades. Less than one month after the disaster, a group of social science researchers from the University of Delaware and University of North Texas participated in an Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) reconnaissance team. This team traveled to some of the most heavily impacted areas in India and Sri Lanka. Focusing on the social impacts and consequences of the disaster, the team identified a number of emerging issues, including loss of life and destruction of property and infrastructure, impact on livelihoods, a persistent sense of uncertainty, variation in community-based response and recovery efforts, inequities in disaster relief distribution, gender and age vulnerability and capacities, temporary shelter and housing, and long-term relocation planning.
Design and optimization of very high power density monochromatic GaAs photovoltaic cells

This paper deals with the structure optimization of very high power density monochromatic GaAs photovoltaic cells and the theoretical prediction of their performance at irradiances ranging from 0.1 to 100 W/cm/sup 2/. A multifaceted optimum design including the front metal grid, device size and the semiconductor layer structure is presented. The variation in efficiency depending on emitter thickness, base thickness, emitter doping and base doping is also addressed. The objective of this is the configuration of a structure suitable for working up to 100 W/cm/sup 2/ without the detrimental influence of series resistance. For this, a detailed analysis of the effect of series resistance and the quantitative determination of its different components is carried out. The optimum wavelength is 830 nm at 300 K for all the analyzed light intensities, in which a 63% peak efficiency under an irradiance of 100 W/cm/sup 2/ for a p/n structure is obtained. The temperature effect on device performance in the 273-350 K range is also studied. Finally, the influence of device processing is analyzed.
Temperature and soils predict the distribution of plant species along the Himalayan elevational gradient

Tropical montane systems are characterized by a high plant species diversity and complex environmental gradients. Climate warming may force species to track suitable climatic conditions and shift their distribution upward, which may be particularly problematic for species with narrow elevational ranges. To better understand the fate of montane plant species in the face of climate change, we evaluated a) which environmental factors best predict the distribution of 277 plant species along the Himalayan elevational gradient in Nepal, and b) whether species elevational ranges increase with increasing elevation. To this end, we developed ecological niche models using MaxEnt by combining species survey and presence data with 19 environmental predictors. Key environmental factors that best predicted the distribution of Himalayan plant species were mean annual temperature (for 54.5% of the species) followed by soil clay content (10.2%) and slope (9.4%). Although temperature is the best predictor, it is associated with many other covariates that may explain species distribution, such as irradiance and potential evapotranspiration. Species at both ends of the Himalayan elevational gradient had narrower elevational ranges than species in the middle. Our results suggest that with further global warming, most Himalayan plant species have to migrate upward, which is especially critical for upland species with narrow distribution ranges.
Contextualised peak periods of play in English Premier League matches

The present study aimed to determine the physical-tactical trends of elite players/teams during peak 1-, 3- and 5-min periods of match-play. A total of 50 English Premier League matches (n = 583 player observations) were analysed by coding the players’ physical-tactical activities through the synchronisation of tracking data and video. The contextualised data showed that during the peak periods (i.e., the most demanding passage of play), players/teams covered the largest distances for ‘Recovery Run’ (28–37%) out of possession and ‘Support Play’ (9–13%) in possession. In the following periods, players covered less high-intensity distance versus the average with a more pronounced decline in the next 1-min period than longer duration 3- and 5-min periods (48% vs ~25–30%, ES: 0.4–0.5, P < 0.01); team data showed similar trends with different relative patterns (31% vs 17–30%, ES: 0.5–0.8, P < 0.01). After peak periods, players/teams performed 20–53% less high-intensity distances for ‘Covering’ and ‘Recovery Run’ (ES: 0.2–0.7, P < 0.01) out of possession. However, players covered 28–91% less distance for ‘Run with Ball’ (ES: 0.1–0.5, P < 0.05) when in possession. Some physical-tactical actions exhibited inconsistency in different time durations of the next periods; however, these physical-tactical data were position-specific. This may signify that each position has certain physical-tactical actions to execute even after the peak periods, especially when they are tactically required to do so. As the data demonstrates unique physical-tactical trends of players/teams during the peak and next periods of play, this could help practitioners prescribe position- and player-specific drills, and better understand transient decrements in high-intensity running after intense passages of play.
Factors Associated With Work-Life Balance of Working Fathers Involved in Small Business Enterprises: Evidence from Kathmandu Valley

Background: Work-life balance (WLB) can be considered as the systematic management of three important components like work-life conflict, work-life interference and work-life convergence. Objective: This study tries to examine the work-life balance of the working fathers involved in small business enterprises in Kathmandu valley. Method: Both descriptive and inferential analysis is used in the study which showed various results. The study adopted the descriptive approach. Respondents were sampled from working fathers in small business enterprises in Kathmandu valley. Non probability sampling technique was used to select 405 respondents. The questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Result: The study found that age, education level, business trainings and income level has positive significant relationship with work-life balance. The finding of this study shows that satisfaction and motivation towards working fathers is important factors for balancing the work-life and family life. Conclusion and Recommendation: The paper recommends that there should be inclusive climate in the workplace and policies supporting work-life balance should be forwarded.
Experimental study on the lift generated by a flapping rotary wing applied in a micro air vehicle

An experimental study was conducted to further validate whether the newly proposed flapping rotary wing is suitable for micro air vehicle design. First, the effects of two main kinematical parameters (flapping frequency and initial angle of attack) of flapping rotary wing on lift generation were discussed. It was found that a higher lift can be generated by flapping rotary wing through increasing flapping frequency at a proper initial angle of attack. Second, effect of coupled flapping motion with rotating motion on lift generation was analyzed. It is important that a larger lift was generated by flapping rotary wing than the superposition lifts from purely flapping and purely rotating motions when the initial angle of attack was less than a critical value. Finally, the comparison of the capability of lift generation from the flapping rotary wing and conventional rotary wing was given. It was indicated that the lift from flapping rotary wing was larger than that from conventional rotary wing in the range of Reynolds number from 2600 to 5000 as long as Strouhal number was determined appropriately. The present work suggests that flapping rotary wing may be a feasible and promising wing layout used in the design of micro air vehicle in terms of lift generation.
Evaluation of the SWAT Model for Assessing Sediment Control Structures in a Small Watershed in India

Stormwater runoff is a major pathway for transporting sediment and other nonpoint-source pollutants from watersheds to stream systems and other surface water bodies. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to assess sediment transport from the 17 km2 Banha watershed located in northeast India, which is characterized by mixed land use and on-stream sediment control structures called checkdams. Calibration (1996) and validation (1997-2001) of surface runoff and sediment yield were performed with SWAT on both a daily and monthly basis by comparing model estimates versus measured data. The calibration R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe modeling efficiency (NSE) statistics were found to range between 0.70 to 0.99 for surface runoff and 0.82 to 0.98 for sediment loss. The corresponding validation period statistics ranged from 0.60 to 0.92 for surface runoff and 0.58 to 0.89 for sediment loss. Following calibration and validation, the SWAT model was executed with and without checkdams to test its capability in visualizing the impacts of sediment control structures in the watershed. The model estimates showed that sediment loss from the watershed could be reduced more than 64% by adopting checkdams as a barrier for sediment. The results also revealed the potential for using SWAT to assess sediment transport from specific subwatersheds within a watershed, and to prioritize the siting of sediment control structures within a watershed to obtain the most effective reduction of sediment losses to surface water. Overall, the study showed that SWAT can be a useful tool for studying how checkdams can be used to manage and control sediment loss from small watersheds located in sub-humid climate conditions.