Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Reconciliation of Logical Representations of Space: from Multidimensional Mereotopology to Geometry

A Reconciliation of Logical Representations of Space: from Multidimensional Mereotopology to Geometry Torsten Hahmann Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 2013 Reasoning about spatial knowledge is an important aspect of computational intelligence. Humans easily switch between high-level and low-level spatial knowledge, while computers have traditionally relied only on low-level spatial information. Qualitative spatial representation and reasoning is concerned with devising high-level, qualitative, representations of certain aspects of space using small sets of intuitive spatial relations that lend themselves to efficient reasoning. Many such representations have been developed over the years, but their use in practical applications seems to be inhibited. One reason preventing more widespread adoption of qualitative spatial representations may be the gap between simple but inexpressive qualitative representations at one end and geometric or quantitative representations with the expressivity of Euclidean geometry at the other end. Another factor may be the lack of semantic integration between the various spatial representations ranging from qualitative to geometric ontologies. We will address both issues in this thesis with a focus on spatial ontologies that involve some kind of mereotopological relations such as contact and parthood. We design a family of spatial ontologies with varying restrictiveness and increasingly more expressive nonlogical languages, organized into hierarchies of ontologies of equal expressivity. As the most foundational spatial ontology we propose a multidimensional mereotopology based only on ‘containment’ and ‘relative dimension’ as undefined concepts. By adding either ‘boundary containment’ or ‘betweenness’ as new concepts, we further extend the expressivity without impairing the qualitative character. Tools from mathematical logic, such as interpretability and definability, are used to semantically integrate other spatial ontologies into our hierarchies. Moreover, we show how mereotopological theories, incidence geometries, and ordered incidence geometries are formally related to our theories. We thereby better understand differences in expressivity, restrictiveness, and ontological assumptions between a broad range of spatial ontologies. Throughout the thesis, we utilize automated theorem provers to assist with the verification of all ontologies by constructing nontrivial models and by proving key properties about the axiomatized relations and functions. Theorem provers are also utilized to obtain some of the integration results.
Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting with Hard Attention to the Task

The data sets used in our experiments are summarized in Table 1. The MNIST data set (LeCun et al., 1998) comprises 28× 28 monochromatic images of handwritten digits. Fashion-MNIST (Xiao et al., 2017) comprises gray-scale images of the same size from Zalando’s articles1. The German traffic sign data set (TrafficSigns; Stallkamp et al., 2011) contains traffic sign images. We used the version of the data set from the Udacity self-driving car github repository2. The NotMNIST data set (Bulatov, 2011) comprises glyphs extracted from publicly available fonts, making a similar data set to MNIST; we just need to resize the images3. The SVHN data set (Netzer et al., 2011) comprises digits cropped from house numbers in Google Street View images. The FaceScrub data set (Ng & Winkler, 2014) is widely used in face recognition tasks (KemelmacherShlizerman et al., 2016). Because some of the images listed in the original data set were not hosted anymore on the corresponding Internet domains, we use a version of the data set stored on the MegaFace challenge website4 (KemelmacherShlizerman et al., 2016), from which we select the first 100 people with the most appearances5. The CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 data sets contain 32× 32 color images (Krizhevsky, 2009).
In exploitation of SSR, SRAP and CAPS-SNP markers for genetic diversity of Citrus germplasm collection

n terms of its nutritional and medical value, Salvia guaranitica is ranked among the most important medicinal and aromatic plants because of the abundance of essential active components it contains. The most important and abundant active ingredients are terpenoid molecules, particularly monoterpenes (C10) and sesquiterpenes (C15). Terpenes play a variety of tasks and possess beneficial biological traits in plants. Considering these characteristics, the current research was done to clone S. guaranitica gene for Cismuuroladiene synthase (SgCMS, EC: 4.2.3.67). The 600 amino acid protein coded by SgCMS has an open reading frame of 1.802 base pairs. Moreover, SgCMS protein has four terpene synthase family domains which belong to terpenes and terpenoid synthase domains. We altered and overexpressed SgCMS gene in Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate the gene's function. Compared to the wild-type plants, the transgenic A. thaliana plants showed a decrease in leaf diameter, while the flowering stems started growth earlier when compared to the GUS control. Ultimately, the results of the transgenic plants' gas chromatographymass spectrometry examination revealed that SgCMS was in charge of producing several terpene types, particularly sesquiterpene.
Effects of the Arrangement of Vertical Baffles on Liquid Sloshing by MPS Method

This paper presents a numerical analysis of liquid sloshing in a rectangular tank under translational excitation. The numerical tool used in this study is an in-house solver MLParticle-SJTU which is developed based on improved moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. The validity of solver is proved by comparing the results of numerical simulation and experiment in three-dimensional (3-D) tank without baffles. The impact pressure on lateral wall and the deformation of free surface are investigated. In order to reduce sloshing amplitude, vertical baffles are installed in the middle of tank. Furthermore, the arrangement of vertical baffles is changed to research the effects on impact pressure and fluid field. The comparison of numerical results shows that the arrangement of vertical baffles plays an important role in impact pressure and fluid field.
Reliability and validity of the Italian version of the 14-item Resilience Scale

php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Psychology Research and Behavior Management 2016:9 277–284 Psychology Research and Behavior Management Dovepress
can theoretical intervention improve hand hygiene behavior among nurses ?

php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Psychology Research and Behavior Management 2016:9 133–138 Psychology Research and Behavior Management Dovepress
FM6: Summary of Session #5 on Accretion and Feedback in Active Galactic Nuclei

Abstract Focus Meeting 6 of the IAU 2015 Symposium centered around the topic of “X-ray Surveys of the Hot and Energetic Universe. ” Within this two-day meeting seven sessions (31 total talks) were presented, whose topics included galaxy cluster physics and evolution, cluster cosmological studies, AGN demographics and X-ray binary populations, first quasars, accretion and feedback, large-scale structures, and normal and starburst galaxies. Herein, I summarize the results presented during session #5, which focused on AGN accretion and feedback. Six authors contributed their work to our session: Laura Brenneman, Kazushi Iwasawa, Massimo Gaspari, Michaela Hirschmann, Franz Bauer and Yuan Liu. I provide a brief introduction below, followed by the details of the presentations of each author in the order in which the presentations were given.
A Vehicle Classification System for Intelligent Transport System using Machine Learning in Constrained Environment

—Vehicle type classification has an extensive variety of applications which include intelligent parking systems, traffic flow-statistics, toll collecting system, vehicle access control, congestion management, security system and many more. These applications are designed for reliable and secure transportation. Vehicle classification is one of the major challenges of these applications particularly in a constrained environment. The constrained environment in the real world put a limit on data quality due to noise, poor lightning condition, low resolution images and bad weather conditions. In this research, we build a more practical and more robust vehicle type classification system for real world constrained environment with promising results and got a validation accuracy of 90.85 and a testing accuracy of 87%. To this end, we design a framework of vehicle type classification from vehicle images by using machine learning. We investigate the deep learning method Convolutional neural network (CNN), a specific type of neural networks. CNN is biologically inspired with multi-layer feed forward neural networks. It can learn automatically at several stages of invariant features for the particular chore. For evaluation, we also compared the performance of our model with the performance of other machine learning algorithms like Naïve Bayes, SVM and Decision Trees.
Relaxed Wasserstein with Applications to GANs

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) provide a versatile class of models for generative modeling. To improve the performance of machine learning models, there has recently been interest in designing objective functions based on Wasserstein distance rather than Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergence. In this paper, we propose a novel asymmetric statistical divergence called Relaxed Wasserstein (RW) divergence as a generalization of Wasserstein-L distance of order 2. We show that RW is dominated by Total Variation (TV) and Wasserstein-L distance, and establish continuity, differentiability, and duality representation of RW divergence. Finally, we provide a nonasymptotic moment estimate and a concentration inequality for RW divergence. Our experiments show that RWGANs with Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence produce recognizable images with a ReLU Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) generator in fewer iterations, compared to Wasserstein-L GAN (WGAN).
Assessing the Nature of Science Views of Singaporean Pre-Assessing the Nature of Science Views of Singaporean Pre-Service Teachers Service Teachers

Despite the many developments in the teaching of science, an aspect that continues to be neglected appears to be the character and nature of science (NOS). This is becoming especially important in the light of recent developments in pedagogy, as, for example, more teachers adopt constructivist methodologies and computing technology enables simulations that may blur the lines between models and reality. From the literature, it is known that teachers' modern NOS conceptions, though not a sufficient condition for transmission of modern NOS views, is necessary. In this study, pre-service teachers' NOS conceptions are assessed with an adapted Views of the Nature of Science (VNOS) instrument, originally designed by Lederman, Abd-El-Khalick
Incomplete Simultaneous Discrete Response Model with Multiple

A bivariate simultaneous discrete response model which is a stochastic representation of equilibria in a two-person discrete game is studied. The presence of multiple equilibria in the underlying discrete game maps into a region for the exogenous variables where the model predicts a nonunique outcome. This is an example of an incomplete econometric structure. Economists using this model have made simplifying assumptions to avoid multiplicity. I make a distinction between incoherent models and incomplete models, and then analyse the model in the presence of multiple equilibria, showing that the model contains enough information to identify the parameters of interest and to obtain a well defined semiparametric estimator. I also show that the latter is consistent and x/n normal. Moreover, by exploiting the presence of multiplicity, one is able to obtain a more efficient estimator than the existing methods.
An Assessment of the Impact of Destination Image in the Selection of a Destination: Mediating role of e-WOM

The main intent of this investigation is to ascertain the impact of diverse facets of a destination's image, encompassing online word-of-mouth, on the selection of travel destinations by tourists. Furthermore, this study examines how e-WOM impacts travellers’ perceptions of a destination and their ultimate decision to visit that place. The instrument's validity and reliability were determined through a pilot study based on previous research.The present study employes a descriptive research design and a positivist approach. A sample of 380 valid questionnaires was analyzed for the present study. The convenience sample technique was used to obtain data from travellers who visited Kashmir Valley. SPSS.20 and AMOS software were utilised for data analysis. Using AMOS software and the Structured Equation Modelling (SEM) methodology, the stated assumptions were tested. According to the evidence, decisions made by tourists are heavily influenced by how a destination is perceived. The study's results validate that electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) functions as a mediator in the relationship between * Department of Tourism, Hospitality & Leisure Studies, University of Kashmir, drkhakiaijaz@gmail.com † Department of Tourism, Hospitality & Leisure Studies, University of Kashmir, romaisa573@gmail.com ‡ Department of Tourism Hospitality & Leisure Studies, University of Kashmir, mirmudasir357@gmail.com Atna-Journal of Tourism Studies ISSN 0975-3281 2 travellers' pre-existing perceptions of a particular destination and their final determination to travel there.
Comprehensive Study on Assessment Model of Free Flight Collision Risk

The free flight concept and the research status at home and abroad were summarized. Then the collision risk model of the Reich model, the double ice hockey model, the event tree model, the stochastic analysis model, have analyzed, and then the application scope, merits and drawbacks of each model were analyzed. Furthermore the collision risk assessment model of free flight based on CNS performance was studied. This provides a theoretical basis for the further research of free flight in the future.
Hampshire Scholars

[ 1 ] We characterize the chemical composition of Asian continental outflow observed during the NASA Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission during February–April 2001 in the western Pacific using data collected on the NASA DC-8 aircraft. A significant anthropogenic impact was present in the free troposphere and as far east as 150 (cid:1) E longitude reflecting rapid uplift and transport of continental emissions. Five-day backward trajectories were utilized to identify five principal Asian source regions of outflow: central, coastal, north-northwest (NNW), southeast (SE), and west-southwest (WSW). The maximum mixing ratios for several species, such as CO, C 2 Cl 4 , CH 3 Cl, and hydrocarbons, were more than a factor of 2 larger in the boundary layer of the central and coastal regions due to industrial activity in East Asia. CO was well correlated with C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 Cl 4 , and CH 3 Cl at low altitudes in these two regions (r 2 (cid:1) 0.77–0.97). The NNW, WSW, and SE regions were impacted by anthropogenic sources above the boundary layer presumably due to the longer transport distances of air masses to the western Pacific. Frontal and convective lifting of continental emissions was most likely responsible for the high altitude outflow in these three regions. Photochemical processing was influential in each source region resulting in enhanced mixing ratios of O 3 , PAN, HNO 3 , H 2 O 2 , and CH 3 OOH. The air masses encountered in all five regions were composed of a complex mixture of photochemically aged air with more recent emissions mixed into the outflow as indicated by enhanced hydrocarbon ratios (C 2 H 2 /CO (cid:2) 3 and C 3 H 8 /C 2 H 6 (cid:2) 0.2). Combustion, industrial activities, and the burning of biofuels and biomass all contributed to the chemical composition of air masses from each source region as demonstrated by the use of C 2 H 2 , C 2 Cl 4 , and CH 3 Cl as atmospheric tracers. Mixing ratios of O 3 , CO, C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 6 , SO 2 , and C 2 Cl 4 were compared for the TRACE-P and PEM-West B missions. In the more northern regions, O 3 , CO, and SO 2 were higher at low altitudes during TRACE-P. In general, mixing ratios were fairly similar between the two missions in the southern regions. A comparison between CO/CO 2 , CO/CH 4 , C 2 H 6 / C 3 H 8 , NO x /SO 2 , and NO y /(SO 2 + nss-SO 4 ) ratios for the five source regions and for the 2000 Asian emissions summary showed very close agreement indicating that Asian emissions were well represented by the TRACE-P data and the emissions inventory.
Spike-timing dependent plasticity

Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) is a temporally asymmetric form of Hebbian learning induced by tight temporal correlations between the spikes of pre- and postsynaptic neurons. As with other forms of synaptic plasticity, it is widely believed that it underlies learning and information storage in the brain, as well as the development and refinement of neuronal circuits during brain development (e.g. Bi and Poo, 2001; Sjostrom et al., 2008). With STDP, repeated presynaptic spike arrival a few milliseconds before postsynaptic action potentials leads in many synapse types to long-term potentiation (LTP) of the synapses, whereas repeated spike arrival after postsynaptic spikes leads to long-term depression (LTD) of the same synapse. The change of the synapse plotted as a function of the relative timing of pre- and postsynaptic action potentials is called the STDP function or learning window and varies between synapse types. The rapid change of the STDP function with the relative timing of spikes suggests the possibility of temporal coding schemes on a millisecond time scale.
Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience Computational Neuroscience Structural Plasticity Controlled by Calcium Based Correlation Detection

Hebbian learning in cortical networks during development and adulthood relies on the presence of a mechanism to detect correlation between the presynaptic and the postsynaptic spiking activity. Recently, the calcium concentration in spines was experimentally shown to be a correlation sensitive signal with the necessary properties: it is confi ned to the spine volume, it depends on the relative timing of pre-and postsynaptic action potentials, and it is independent of the spine's location along the dendrite. NMDA receptors are a candidate mediator for the correlation dependent calcium signal. Here, we present a quantitative model of correlation detection in synapses based on the calcium infl ux through NMDA receptors under realistic conditions of irregular pre-and postsynaptic spiking activity with pairwise correlation. Our analytical framework captures the interaction of the learning rule and the correlation dynamics of the neurons. We fi nd that a simple thresholding mechanism can act as a sensitive and reliable correlation detector at physiological fi ring rates. Furthermore, the mechanism is sensitive to correlation among afferent synapses by cooperation and competition. In our model this mechanism controls synapse formation and elimination. We explain how synapse elimination leads to fi ring rate homeostasis and show that the connectivity structure is shaped by the correlations between neighboring inputs. mechanism, which restores the typical synapse density. In support of this hypothesis, not only in the developing cortex, but also in adult monkeys in vivo, synaptic boutons emerge and disappear with rates of 7 per cent per week (Stettler et al., 2006). The functional role of synapse formation and elimination is not well understood, but theoretical studies have exposed the ben-efi ts of the capability of structural remodeling (Chklovskii et al., 2004; Stepanyants et al., 2002). Due to the fact that the number of potential presynaptic partners of a neuron easily exceeds the actual number at any point in time by an order of magnitude, each synapse carries three to four bits of structural information. In the framework of spiking associative memories this benefi cial functional role of structural plasticity can be exploited to increase the memory capacity (Knoblauch, 2006; Knoblauch et al., 2007). Therefore, synaptic formation and elimination is a candidate process for long term information storage in cortical networks during development and adulthood alike. The microscopic mechanisms leading to the formation of new synapses and to the elimination of existing ones have not yet been completely revealed. However, there is …
Fixed-Time Stabilization for A Wheeled Mobile Robot With Actuator Dead-Zones

—In this paper, the problem of ﬁxed-time stabilization is addressed for a unicycle-type wheeled mobile robot with actuator dead-zones. A novel switching control strategy is given to overcome the obstacle that the presence of actuator dead-zones renders the traditional feedback control technique inapplicable to such mobile robot. Then, by employing the adding a power integrator(API) technique, a state feedback controller is successfully developed to regulate all states of closed-loop system (CLS) to zero in a given ﬁxed time. Finally, simulation results are given to conﬁrm the efﬁcacy of the proposed method.
Corporate Board Diversity and ESG Performance in the Context of Big Data Management

Cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and other information technologies have become increasingly vital in the development of an intelligent society with the arrival of the big data era. In order to accomplish the transformation of business value, organizations should take advantage of cloud computing technology for huge data mining and employ IoT for governance intelligence construction. Esg is a crucial management component that businesses must urgently improve, so how to fully enhance corporate esg performance while simultaneously constructing information has emerged as a pressing problem. In contrast to most literature, which treats ESG as a whole or as a factor in theoretical research, this paper uses A-share listed companies in China from 2015 to 2017 as its research subject and empirically examines the effects of corporate board diversity on each of the three ESG dimensions: environmental, social, and governance. The study’s ﬁndings demonstrate the enormous beneﬁts that a diverse board of directors can bring to a company’s environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. In the framework of big data management, this advances knowledge on how to enhance China’s information construction, smart economy, and society.