Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socio-demographic Differences in Metal Health among Physically Disable People of Pakistan

— It is an evident fact that people with physical disabilities go through diverse mental states such as denial, mourning, anxiety, and depression prior to adjustment of their disability. The current study aimed at investigating socio-demographics correlates with the mental health issues associated with physical disability in Pakistan culture context. A total of 82 participants with a physical disability has been recruited in the current study. The socio-demographic, i.e., age, gender, financial status, nature of the disability, and residential status were included as correlates of mental health. The findings of the current study suggested that the gender, nature of the disability, and setting or residential status found to be the significant correlates of mental health among physically disabled people. The finding of the study has been discussed concerning the mental, physical, social, emotional, and psychological wellbeing of physically disabled people. However, the sample size was modest to generalize the finding of the current study. Therefore the further study would be carried out, including a large sample size with a diverse background.
Generalized Method of Moments, Efficient Bootstrapping, and Improved Inference

Generalized method of moments (GMM) has been an important innovation in econometrics. Its usefulness has motivated a search for good inference procedures based on GMM. This article presents a novel method of bootstrapping for GMM based on resampling from the empirical likelihood distribution that imposes the moment restrictions. We show that this approach yields a large-sample improvement and is efficient, and give examples. We also discuss the development of GMM and other recent work on improved inference.
in pregnancy and the postpartum: relations to labor and its management.

The purpose of this study was to examine variations in endogenous oxytocin levels in pregnancy and postpartum state. We also explored the associations between delivery variables and oxytocin levels. A ﬁnal sample of 272 mothers in their ﬁrst trimester of pregnancy was included for the study. Blood samples were drawn during the ﬁrst trimester and third trimester of pregnancy and at 8 weeks postpartum. Socio-demographic data were collected at each time point and medical ﬁles were consulted for delivery details. In most women, levels of circulating oxytocin increased from the ﬁrst to third trimester of pregnancy followed by a decrease in the postpartum period. Oxytocin levels varied considerably between individuals, ranging from 50 pg/mL to over 2000 pg/mL. Parity was the main pre-dictor of oxytocin levels in the third trimester of pregnancy and of oxytocin level changes from the ﬁrst to the third trimester of pregnancy. Oxytocin levels in the third trimester of pregnancy predicted a self-reported negative labor experience and increased the chances of having an epidural. Intrapartum exogenous oxytocin was positively associated with levels of oxytocin during the postpartum period. Our exploratory results suggest that circulating oxytocin levels during the third trimester of pregnancy may predict the type of labor a woman will experience. More importantly, the quantity of intrapartum exogenous oxytocin administered during labor predicted plasma oxytocin levels 2 months postpartum, suggesting a possible long-term effect of this routine intervention, the consequences of which are largely unknown.
VISUAL SEARCH PERFORMANCE DURING SIMULATED RADAR WITH AND WITHOUT A SWEEPLINE

Work was performed under Tasks AM-C-78/79-PSY-68. 16. Abstract A study was conducted to determine whether or not the presence or absence of a radar sweep line influences attentional processes and, hence, the speed with which critical stimuli can be detected. The visual display was designed to approximate an advanced, highly automated a1r traffic control radar display containing computer-generated alphanumeric symbols. Twenty-eight men and women, paid volunteers with no previous air traffic controller experience, were tested over a 2-hour session with half of the subjects assigned to the sweep condition and half to the no-sweep condition. Sixteen targets appeared on the sc-reen at all times, with 10 signals (a designed change in the alphanumerics) randomly presented during each 1/2-hour of the test session. Mean detection latencies, long detection times, and missed signals all incre~:ed significantly over the task session.
Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 Vpr Modulates Cellular Expression of UNG2 via a Negative Transcriptional Effect (cid:1)

It was recently reported that human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr induced the proteasomal degradation of the nuclear UNG2 enzyme for efﬁcient virus replication. We conﬁrm here that HIV-1 infection and Vpr expression reduce the level of endogenous UNG2, but this effect is not reverted by treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Moreover, this reduction is not mediated by Vpr binding to UNG2 and is independent of the Vpr-induced G 2 arrest. Finally, we show that Vpr inﬂuences the UNG2 promoter without affecting UNG1 gene expression. These data indicate that the Vpr-induced decrease of UNG2 level is mainly related to a transcriptional effect.
HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SOME EGYPTIAN CLOVER GENOTYPES ATTACHED WITH DODDER ( Cuscuta spp .)

Three field experiments were carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm, Kafer El-Sheikh Governorate, ARC, Egypt, during three successive winter seasons of 2008/09, 2009/10 and 2010/11, to investigate the performance of some egyption clover genotype for its resistance/tolerance to dodder infestation. Anatomical structures as well as biochemical analyses for berseem plants were carried out to identify variation in the correlated traits with tolerance to dodder infestation. The results indicated that genotypes no. 35 and 65 showed that the moderate genotypes behaved different, the parasite is scarcely able to pierce the epidermis but lignifications of host pericycle and starch sheath showed incompatible interaction between clover genotypes and C. planiflora. The sensitive genotypes no. 29 and 94 were in contrast compatible with the parasite, the infection developed normally with the intrusive cells reaching the center cylinder and the host vascular tissues. The results indicated that the amount of phenolic acids is relatively high; 1111.65 and 965.24  g/100 mg of foliage dry weight for genotypes; Helali and no. 51, respectively. These two genotypes could retain some tolerance to the infestation with C. planiflora. Whereas, the phenolic acids in the genotypes no. 35 and 74 which are considered to some extent retain moderate tolerance to infestation with dodder were present in lesser concentration (784.6 and 735.38  g/100 mg). While, Genotypes no. 94 and 29 which could be considered susceptible to infestation with dodder, phenolic acids were found in trace amounts (386.64 and 423.02  g/100 mg), respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, P-hydroxyl benzoic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, vanllic acid and syringic acid and their concentrations were different from berseem genotype to another. The obtained results may be encouraging to use the tolerant genotypes, which had the least reduction percentages due to dodder infestation, for developing compost or synthetic cultivar(s) which retain tolerance to dodder infestation. This cultivar could be used by itself as a way of control of dodder in farmers' fields or integrated with the other factors of dodder control.
ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations

Motivated by applications in materials science, a set of quasiconvexity at the boundary conditions is introduced for domains that are locally diffeomorphic to cones. These conditions are shown to be necessary for strong local minimisers in the vectorial Calculus of Variations and a quasiconvexity-based sufficiency theorem is established for C1 extremals defined on this class of non-smooth domains. The sufficiency result presented here thus extends the seminal theorem by Grabovsky & Mengesha (2009), where smoothness assumptions are made on the boundary. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 35J50, 35J60, 49K10, 49K20. 2nd April 2019. INTRODUCTION The problem of finding necessary and sufficient conditions for a map to be a strong local minimiser of a given functional is a fundamental question in the Calculus of Variations. The scalar case was first solved by Weierstrass and, later, Hestenes [16] extended these results by considering minimisers that allow more than one independent variable. Regarding the vectorial case, the problem has received considerable attention over the past decades. In [30] Zhang proved a sufficiency theorem in which the strong quasiconvexity of the integrand is used to prove that smooth solutions to the weak Euler-Lagrange equations are spatially-local minimisers. In other words, this means that minimality can be obtained when considering sufficiently small domains. Ball conjectured in [4] that a natural way to extend the Weierstrass theory to the vectorial case had to be based on the conditions of quasiconvexity in the interior and at the boundary, the latter having been introduced in [7] and shown to be a necessary condition for strong local minima; see also [17,21,25] for other works related to the notion of quasiconvexity at the boundary. More precisely, Ball’s conjecture states that under suitable quasiconvexity conditions, if a map is sufficiently smooth, satisfies the weak Euler-Lagrange equations and the strict positivity of the second variation, then it is a strong local minimiser. Further achievements for the vectorial case were obtained in [29]. In addition, Kristensen and Taheri showed that, under strong quasiconvexity and p-growth conditions, W1,p-local minimisers are partially regular, i.e. of class C1,α almost everywhere in their domain. Their result extended the partial regularity that Evans had established for the first
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Style Effects in the Cross-Section of Stock Returns Style Effects in the Cross-Section of Stock Returns

Using CRSP stock and mutual fund data, we find strong evidence for reversals at the style level (e.g., large value, small growth, etc.). There are significant excess and risk-adjusted returns for stocks in styles characterized by the worst past returns and net inflows. We also find evidence for momentum and positive feedback trading at the style level. These value and momentum effects are driven neither by fundamental risk nor by stock-level reversals and momentum. Taken together, the results are consistent with the style-level positive feedback trading model of Barberis and Shleifer (2003).
Negotiation in Chinese as a foreign language: Italian learners’ signal strategies in a tandem-learning context

: Negotiation of meaning, the process through which the speakers go to clearly comprehend one another, is believed to facilitate acquisition as it provides learners with situated comprehensible input as well as opportunities to produce pushed output. Nevertheless, negotiation is still an under-researched area in Chinese as a second or foreign language. Th is study analysed the strategies used by learners to signal non-understanding and the linguistic resources they exploit to achieve this goal. Th e participants were 13 Italian learners who took part in a three-month face-to-face tandem language learning program with 6 native speakers of Chinese. Th e interactions were recorded and transcribed, and the produced signals were classifi ed according to strategy, form, and language type. Th e sequential position of strategies in the negotiation routines was also annotated. Empirical evidence shows a strong preference for repetitions and a frequent code-switching to Italian. A clear preference in the sequential distribution of clarifi cation requests and confi rmation checks also emerged, the former being mainly used to initiate negotiations routines, and the latter mostly occurring in routine reiterations.
EFFECTS OF FOUNDATION CONCRETE SLABS IN PREVENTING ATTACK OF SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE PSAMMOTERMES HYBOSTOMA (DESNEUX) (ISOPTERA: RHINOTERMITIDAE) TO WOODEN BOARDS

A three successive years (2009 -2011) study was conducted to estimate the effects of foundation concrete slabs diversity in prevention of subterranean termite attack on wooden boards. Sixteen foundation concrete slabs were constructed inside a 600m 2 bungalow building, surrounded with fencing from hollow sand Crete blocks. Four groups of slabs were constructed, a- sand only, b- bush gravel, c-manually mixed crushed granite, and d- mechanically mixed crushed granite Data showed that, the fourth group of foundation concrete slabs had 100 percent prevention of termite penetration, followed by the third group which showed high resistance to subterranean termite penetration. The second group of slabs had limited resistance to subterranean termite penetration, while the first group had no resistance to prevent subterranean termite penetration.
THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR AND TRUST IN THE RETAILING ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF MOBILE GROCERY SHOPPING

Mobile shopping has become a popular alternative approach for purchasing all type of goods around the world and it is considered a step ahead of the online shopping. Buying groceries is a crucial habit that must be carried out in order to fulfill the needs for households. Research on mobile grocery shopping is still in its early stages. Based on the theory of planned behavior and the consumer characteristic of trust in the grocery retailer, five hypotheses were developed with the purpose to investigate consumers’ intentions to buy groceries by mobile. The data was collected through a survey from 186 consumers. Furthermore, the analysis of the data was done in SPSS through correlation matrix, descriptive variables and regression analysis. The results of the study suggest that attitude and subjective norms influence positively the intention to shop groceries by mobile. If grocery retailers decide to engage in the mobile sales channel, these findings can help them to understand what drives consumers to adopt the behavior of shopping groceries by mobile.
Intravascular Volemic Assessment of Elderly Hyponatremic Patient Using Non-Invasively Cardiac Echograms

Background: Hyponatremia is a serious, but often overlooked disorder with an increasing incidence in developed countries. In 2007, Expert Panel Recommendations defined strategies for clinicians caring for patients with hyponatremia. Hyponatremia has two types, pseudo and true. The true hyponatremia is due to many causes. The main causes are hypovolemia, euvolemia and hypervolemia. They may reflex the status of intravascular volume. However, it is difficult to grasp the different causes before treatment in patients with true hyponatremia, because that it is difficult to determine status of intravascular volume. Methods: We examined the usefulness of the Central Venous Pressure index (CVP Index) using cardiac echograms with popular to determine the status of intravascular volume before and after treatments in various patients. Results: In preliminary result, the CVP index was lower in patients with hypovolemia before treatment than after treatment, whereas it was higher in patients with hypervolemia before treatment than after treatment. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the CVP Index using non- invasively and popularly cardiac echogram may reflect intravascular volume status in patients with true hyponatremia.
Response-inhibition during problem solving in sheep

Response inhibition is a behavioral skill that is important for flexible behavior and appropriate decision making. It requires the suppression of a prepotent but inappropriate action in order to achieve a more advantageous outcome. Response inhibition has been tested in many animal species using the cylinder task. This task requires the self-driven inhibition of an impulse to obtain a visible food reward via a detour rather than a direct but blocked route. We have shown previously using the stop-signal task that sheep can successfully interrupt an already-started response if a reward is going to be restricted. However, it is not known if sheep can show self-driven response inhibition in a task that provides a reward independent of performance. Here, we tested two groups of sheep on the cylinder task (11 Lleyn sheep aged 8 months; 8 Welsh mountain sheep aged ~8 years old). Sheep were trained using an opaque cylinder, and all sheep successfully learned the task. When response inhibition was tested using the transparent cylinder, all sheep performed significantly better than chance, but the older sheep showed a reduced number of correct responses compared to the young sheep (72.5±5.0% and 86.4±4.3% respectively). The results show that sheep have a mechanism for self-regulating their actions in order to retrieve food faster. were met. We applied one-way or repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc tests or Pearson correlations as appropriate. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Exploring the Associations between Ethnocentrism, Narcissism and Altruism in the Youth of Today

India is a country known for its distinct culture. Its strength lies in its diversity and it is recognized for its Unity and acceptance of cultural differences. However, nowadays, hate crimes and prejudices are on the rise, especially among the youth, which could be due to the belief that one’s group, religion, or culture is better than that of others. Hence the authors felt it was important to investigate ethnocentrism and narcissism among the youth. The study examined the relationships between ethnocentrism, narcissism and altruism among high school and college students. The study also investigated if there were any gender differences in ethnocentrism, narcissism, and altruism among students.210 high school and college students from 6 Schools and 5 colleges of Chennai city completed Narcissistic Personality Inventory – 16 (NPI -16) ( Ames.D., Rose.P., Anderson.C.P (2006) Ethnocentrism Scale (Neulip.J.W., McCroskery J.C. (2012), Adapted Self Report Altruism Scale (Wilt.P., Boleman.C., (2009) Pearson correlation co efficient was computed to investigate the relationships between ethnocentrism, narcissism and altruism. Independent samples t -test was computed to examine gender differences in the three variables. The analysis revealed that ethnocentrism was significantly and positively correlated with narcissism and significantly, negatively correlated with altruism. Narcissism was significantly, negatively correlated with altruism. Gender differences were observed for all the three variables. Male students were more narcissistic and ethnocentric compared to female students. Females were more altruistic than males.
Evolution and diversity of floral scent chemistry in the euglossine orchid Gongora.

bee-pollinated genus Background and Aims Animal-pollinated angiosperms have evolved a variety of signalling mechanisms to attract pollinators. Floral scent is a key component of pollinator attraction, and its chemistry modulates both pollinator behaviour and the formation of plant–pollinator networks. The neotropical orchid genus Gongora exhibits specialized pollinator associations with male orchid bees (Euglossini). Male bees visit orchid ﬂowers to collect volatile chemical compounds that they store in hind-leg pouches to use subsequently during courtship display. Hence, Gongora ﬂoral scent compounds simultaneously serve as signalling molecules and pollinator rewards. Furthermore, because ﬂoral scent acts as the predominant reproductive isolating barrier among lineages, it has been hypothesized that chemical traits are highly species speciﬁc. A comparative analysis of intra- and inter-speciﬁc variation of ﬂoral scent chemistry was conducted to investigate the evolutionary patterns across the genus. (cid:2) spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse the ﬂoral scent of 78 individuals belonging to 28 different species of Gongora from two of the three major lineages sampled across the neotropical region. Multidimensional scaling and indicator value analyses were implemented to investigate the patterns of chemical diversity within and among taxonomic groups at various geographic scales. Additionally, pollinator observations were conducted on a sympatric community of Gongora orchids exhibiting distinct ﬂoral scent phenotypes. (cid:2) Results A total of 83 ﬂoral volatiles, mainly terpenes and aromatic compounds, were detected. Many of the identiﬁed compounds are common across diverse angiosperm families (e.g. cineole, eugenol, b -ocimene, b -pinene and terpinen-4-ol), while others are relatively rare outside euglossine bee-pollinated orchid lineages. Additionally, 29 volatiles were identiﬁed that are known to attract and elicit collection behaviour in male bees. Floral scent traits were less variable within species than between species, and the analysis revealed exceptional levels of cryptic diversity. Gongora species were divided into 15 fragrance groups based on shared compounds. Fragrance groups indicate that ﬂoral scent variation is not predicted by taxonomic rank or biogeographic region. (cid:2) Conclusions Gongora orchids emit a diverse array of scent molecules that are largely species speciﬁc, and closely related taxa exhibit qualitatively and quantitatively divergent chemical proﬁles. It is shown that within a community, Gongora scent chemotypes are correlated with near non-overlapping bee pollinator assemblies. The results lend support to the hypothesis that ﬂoral scent traits regulate the architecture of bee pollinator associations. Thus, Gongora provides unique opportunities to examine the interplay between ﬂoral traits and pollinator specialization in plant–pollinator mutualisms.
Case Spondylolysis in an Adolescent Soccer Player

Low back pain is the most commonly seen complain, particularly in adolescent athletes in 10-15% of cases and spondylolysis is a common diagnosis of low back pain with the presence of radiographic abnormalities [3,4]. Spondylolysis is commonly seen in football, gymnastics, swimmers, divers, weight-lifters, track and field athletes, soccer and volleyball players. An etiological reason that may cause spondylolysis is usually divided into developmental and acquired, in which the former is a genetic predisposition to failure of pars interarticularis and acquired spondylolysis usually occurs from acute or repetitive trauma [5]. Acute trauma occurs most often in contact sports such as football, rugby, and hockey, whereas overuse injuries occur most often in sports with repetitive flexion, extension, and torsion, such as gymnastics, dance, and figure skating. A history of menstrual irregularities, disordered eating, and previous stress fractures may indicate the presence of female athlete triad, which may predispose an athlete to stress fractures [6]. There are some risk factors were reported for spondylolysis, such as Scheuermann’s disease, excessive lordosis, cerebral palsy or spinal bifida and others [6].