Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modification and Physiochemical Characterization of Kaolin Clay for Adsorption of Pollutants from Industrial Paint Effluent

The design of wastewater treatment methods is usually based on the need to reduce heavy metals and suspended solid loads to limit pollution of the environment. The quality of treated effluent used in agriculture has a great influence on the operation and performance of the wastewater-soil-plant or aquaculture system. In the case of irrigation, the required quality of effluent is dependent on the crops to be irrigated, the soil conditions and the system of effluent distribution adopted. The present study is aimed to provide a healthy and better environment for both man and aquatic bodies. In this study, Nsu clay was modified by thermal and alkaline process for the removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants from industrial paint effluent. The modified clay was used to purify effluent from paint industry through a process involving coagulation for colour and sorption. The treated effluents were analyzed for the heavy metal concentration such as chromium, potassium, lead, magnesium, manganese, iron, cobalt, sodium, silver, mercury and cadmium. Furthermore, some gross organic pollution indicators such as biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) as well as pH, acidity, alkalinity, turbidity, hardness and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the effluents were studied. It was found that percentage removal was over 60% for all the contaminants. The modified clay exhibited better performance when calcined at 750 o C with 4M NaOH. Application of the simple and low cost modification technique employed in this study makes kaolinite a co-effective adsorbent for removal of many organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial paint effluents.
Dielectric Study of LiCl Doped ADP Crystal

The experimental results of the influence of low (3M%LiCl) and high concentration (9M %) LiCl lithium chloride dopant on the ADP crystals is presented. The dopant results an increase in the Meta stable zone width leading to an enhanced crystal growth rate. High concentration of dopant improves the crystalline quality with better transparency. Diffraction pattern reveals that there is no change in basic structure except for variation in intensity of doping, well defined peaks indicate good quality crystal. FTIR spectra show some extra peaks indicate the presence of dopant in ADP crystals. SHGMeasurement reveals that the second harmonic efficiency has been improved with low concentration of LiCl dopant in ADP crystals. The efficiency of A2M%LiCl is found to 1.9 times the efficiency of ADP and 3.3 times efficiency of KDP crystal. It seems that the molecular alignment of the crystal facilitates the nonlinearity in the presence of the dopant. Dielectric constant measured for 3M% and A9M%LiCl crystals found deceases with increase in the frequency.
CLINICAL LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GHANAIAN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES – A CASE STUDY OF SUNYANI MUNICIPALITY Wiafe,

Clinical Liquid Waste management has become a huge task for the authorities of health care facilities in Ghana. It is therefore necessity to ascertain the managerial strategies currently being used in managing such waste and adopt possible remedial measures to be implemented. Therefore, the study objectives were to identify the clinical liquid waste management techniques presently being used by the hospitals, generation rate and to ascertain the efficiency of current clinical liquid waste treatment practices. The study employed both quantitative approach involving structured interview and participatory observation triangulated with documentary analysis. The results found different levels of clinical liquid waste generation in sampled health care facilities. From the analysis, the study revealed that clinical liquid waste is managed using strategies such as collection, segregation, handling, transportation, treatment and disposal. However, the study results revealed that different collection, transportation and treatment methods employed by sampled hospitals affect the quality of treatment. These findings were revealed from the results obtained from the microbial analysis of Total Coliform bacteria; Feacal coliform bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria of sampled hospitals; as the results do not meet both country and WHO standards. The findings results suggest an environment problem due to the contamination of treated effluent from the sampled hospitals which are used for agricultural irrigational purposes, drinking and cooking. The study recommend; an urgent remedial measure to prevent outbreak of communicable disease through creation of awareness to educate communities downstream on the need to boil and treat their water using locally reliable methods.
HARUNGANA MADAGASCARIENSIS LAM EX POIR (HYPERICACEAE) FRUITS OIL EXTRACT: PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND ACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION

This study reports the phytochemistry of the oil obtained from the air-dried non-utilized fruits of H. madagascariensis a plant widely used in folklore medicine. The H. madagascariensis fruits oil (HMO) was obtained by de-fatting the chloroform extract of the air-dried fruits with n-hexane. The nhexane extract further separated on a normal phase silica column to afford the HMO. The acute toxicity test was done on mice using the Lorke’s method. Selected physico-chemical properties (specific gravity, refractive index, pH, viscosity and saponification value) were evaluated using standard procedures. Characterization of the fatty acids constituents was done using Gas Chromatography-Mass (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. The HMO (reddish oil) had LD50 > 5000 mg/kg; specific gravity = 0.918; refractive index = 1.472; pH: 6.4, Viscosity: 2.252, Saponification value (mg KOH/g): 140.5. GC-MS characterization of the HMO afforded eight fatty acids derivatives (47.93% unsaturated fatty acid and 14.82% saturated fatty acids of the total peak area): palmitic acid methyl ester (7.00%), palmitic acid (2.61%), linoleyl alcohol (1.22%), linoleic acid methyl ester (26.87%), stearic acid methyl ester (4.09%), linoleic acid (12.72%), linoleic acid ethyl ester (7.12%) and behenic acid methyl ester (1.12%). FTIR spectrum showed vibrational frequencies for: OH, C=C, C=O and C-O functional groups. Aside reporting for the first time the phytochemistry of the fruit oil of H. madagascariensis, the presence of the unsaturated fatty acids, the promising LD50 and physico-chemical properties imply application of the HMO in nutraceutics and cosmetology. INTRODUCTION: Plant derived lipids are important in nutrition, health, cosmetology and as
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Major Bacterial Causes of Bovine Mastitis in West Arsi Zone of Oromia Region, Southern Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2014 to April 2015 in Shashemene and Kofale, West Arsi zone of Oromia regional state with the objectives of determination of the prevalence of bovine mastitis, isolate the predominant bacterial agents involved in causing mastitis and identify associated risk factors. A total of 358 lactating cows (169 local and 189 cross) were examined for mastitis using clinical examination and California mastitis test (CMT). An overall prevalence of mastitis was recorded in the area 38% (136/358), of which 7.3% (26/358) were clinical and 30.7% (110/358) subclinical cases. Total animal examined in Shashamane was 165, out of these 35.8% (59/165) animals were positive for mastitis, from these animals, 8.5% (14/165) clinical and 27.3% (45/165) subclinical mastitis while 193 animals were examined from Kofale, out of these 39.9%(77/193) animals were positive for mastitis, from these animals, 6.2% (12/193) clinical and 33.7%(65/193) subclinical mastitis. Bacteriological methods were also employed to isolate the causative bacteria. About 83 bacterial isolates belonging to 7 species were identified from mastitic milk samples. The predominant isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (44.6%) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (18.1%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia were the least isolate which accounts 3.6% for each. There was no statically significant variation (P>0.05) between breeds, parity, age, but the prevalence of mastitis was found to be statistically significant among different hygiene of milking groups and lactation stages (p<0.05). The study also shows that mastitis is significant problem of dairy cows in the study area and the major isolated bacteria were contagious pathogens. The farmers should also be aware of the impact of the disease and practice hygienic milking, culling of chronic mastitis carriers and treating of clinically infected cows. [Umer Seid, Tilahun Zenebe, Gizat Almaw, Abdela Edao, Haimanot Disassa, Tadele Kabeta, Firmaye Gerbi, Girma Kebede. Prevalence, Risk Factors and Major Bacterial Causes of Bovine Mastitis in West Arsi Zone of Oromia Region, Southern Ethiopia. Nat Sci 2015;13(8):19-27]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub. net/nature. 4
THE ROLE OF HLA B27 IN THE TREATMENT RESPONSE, FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION AND DISEASE ACTIVITY IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS PATIENTS

Objective: To assess the HLA B 27 impact on the treatment, disease activity and functional limitation of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients. Materials & Methods: 69 patients of both genders were enrolled in our study according to the ASAS criteria of Ankylosing Spondylitis. Demographic, clinical, disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), were compared regarding HLAB27 status at baseline and after three months. They are investigating the role of HLA B27 in response to the treatment, functional impairment and clinical activity of the AS patients. Result: Data from 69 patients 52 male (73.2 %) were analyzed ,58 (81.7%) HLA B27 positive. HLA B27 positive group presented a statistically higher BASFAI score compared with a negative group at baseline. While there is no difference between both groups regarding the response to the treatment after three months nor the BASDAI and ASDAS scores. We also find the HLA B27 has not related to the age at the diagnosis. Conclusion: We found that the most crucial role of HLA B27 in AS patient is the prediction of more functional impairment to whom antigen is positive. while we did not find any evidence about a strong relationship between the antigen and the response of the patients to the treatment nor the activity of the disease.
The experiences of patients with regard to social and health services factors that contribute to delays in seeking treatment for tuberculosis

The focus of this research is the experiences of patients with regard to social and health services factors that contribute to delays in seeking treatment for tuberculosis. The goal of this research study was to do an explorative study in order to establish the experiences of patients with regard to social and health services factors that contribute to delays in seeking treatment for Tuberculosis. The objectives to meet the goal were an exploration and description of patients’ experiences with regards to social and health service factors contributing to delays in seeking treatment for Tuberculosis. Another goal was to make recommendations on social and health service factors that contribute to patients’ delays in seeking treatment based on the findings. The research study had been of a qualitative nature exploring patients’ experiences of social and health services factors that contribute to delays in seeking treatment for Tuberculosis. Qualitative research was used in this study using semi-structured interviews with an interview guide. Data analysis was done according to the eight steps as recorded in Tesch in Creswell (1994: 155). The findings of this research were or include social factors contributing to patients’ delays in seeking treatment for TB. There were four categories related to social factors namely socio-economic, substance abuse, psycho-social and interpersonal relations factors. The findings also indicated that there were health service factors contributing to patients’ delay in seeking treatment for TB. These include quality of health care services, attitudes of medical staff and other medical conditions treatment.
Quality of life evaluation in women Psoriatic patients

1M.Sc, Research Scholar, 2Mphil, Research Scholar, 4Assistant Professor, Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002.India. 3Dimple Chopra, M.D, Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology,Government Rajindra Medical College and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India. Email: drdimplechopra@gmail.com *Corresponding Author: Rajinder Kaur, Assistant Professor, Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002.India. Email:rajiderkaur@pbi.ac. in | PHONE: +91 9876395699
Influence of Policy and Curriculum Formulation Procedures on The Implementation Of Alternative ‘B’ Mathematics Curriculum In Secondary Schools In Kericho County

Several factors have been highlighted as impediments to effective implementation of Alternative ‘B’ Mathematics curriculum in secondary schools that include; level of involvement of stakeholders and policy issues. This study however specifically dealt with the Influence of policy and curriculum formulation procedures on the implementation of Alternative ‘B’ Mathematics curriculum in secondary schools with reference to Kericho County. Leithwood's model of evaluation of curriculum implementation was adopted in this study. Descriptive survey design was chosen as the study design. A population of 157 principals, 401 teachers of Mathematics and 20 heads of secondary Mathematics curriculum at KIDC, MoE and KNEC were targeted. Simple random sampling was employed to select respondents. Data were collected by use questionnaires and interview guides. The findings indicate that there is a strong correlation between Policy and Curriculum Formulation Procedures and acceptability of new curriculum as indicated in the Chi Square test.
Lifestyle Determinants of Hypertension among Female School Teachers

ISSN: 2320-964X (Online) ISSN: 2320-7817 (Print) Hypertension is a major component of metabolic syndrome, coronary artery diseases and cerebrovascular diseases. Factors contributing to this rising trend in hypertension include urbanization along with changes in dietary habits and lack of physical activity. Working woman always bears a dual role responsibility one in family and the other at job. Teachers represent one of the most important, largest and productive sectors delivering cognitive knowledge to students. The objective of the present study was to determine the risk of hypertension among female school teachers and various lifestyle determinants contributing to it. The study was conducted in Chennai city on 200 female school teachers. Anthropometric indices such as height, body weight, body fat percent and waist circumference were measured. BMI was calculated and blood pressure was recorded. Statistical significance was accepted at (p<0.05). The prevalence rate of pre-hypertension and hypertension was found to be 20% and 12% respectively. Age, waist circumference, body fat percent and personal history of diabetes was significantly associated with hypertension (p<0.05). Health based strategies focusing on appropriate preventive measures for early diagnosis and treatment should be included for school teachers as it helps to improve their overall health.
Balance Scorecard: A Strategic Control Model for Increased Performance in Masara

Balance scorecard is a management control system that enables companies to clarify their strategies, translate them into action, and provide quantitative feedback as to whether the strategy is creating value, leveraging core competencies, satisfying the company’s customers, and generating a financial reward to its shareholders. With a set of four measures directly linked to a company’s strategy: financial performance, customer’s related issues, internal business processes and learning and growth. The aim of the paper was to ascertain the level of awareness of KPI tool, balance scorecard among staff of masara flour mills Kano, also to determine the relationship between adaption of balance scorecard and return on investment at masara flour mills Kano. The study is empirical and adopted the survey design research methodology. Sample size was determined using Taro Yamanes statistical formula. Copies of the designed questionnaire were distributed to the selected respondents in the company. Our findings report that, staff at masara flour mills Kano have adequate knowledge of balance scorecard, positive relationship exist between return on investment and the adoption of balance scorecard at masara flour mills Kano. Conclusively balance scorecard is a good a strategic control tool. It is recommended that organization should fully educate their staff about balance scorecard and its purpose; balance scorecard should be adopted by all organizations private or public because of its relationship on return on investment, any company that wants to adopt balance scorecard should start implementing gradually.
STUDY OF UTILIZATION PATTERN AND DRUG INTERACTIONS OF ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS IN A PRIVATE HOSPITAL

Objective: This study attempts to get an insight into the utilization pattern of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) and their drug interactions in cases collected from the neurology department in a private hospital. Methods: In a prospective study spanning 6 months (February-August 2013), we have analyzed the prescription data of 38 patients with seizures. We retrieved prescription data from patient profile forms and documented essential data in a patient profile form, designed for our study. The demographic data, AEDs prescribed and their drug interactions were recorded. Results: Out of 38 cases, 32 (84.21%) were males and 6 (15.78%) were females. The mean age of patients was 40 years and 55% of them belongs to an age group of above 40 and 45% belongs to age group below 40. Above the age group of 40, 95% were males and 5% were females. Below the age group of 40, 72.22% were males and 27.77% were females. From the 38 prescriptions analyzed, phenytoin was the most common drug prescribed (92.10%) for the treatment, followed by diazepam (36.84%) and sodium valproate (7.89%). Monotherapy was given in 57.89% of patients. The overall incidence of drug interactions was 13 out of 38 cases. In this study, milder drug interaction (phenytoin with ranitidine) was found to be 52.63%, and moderate drug interaction (phenytoin with diazepam) was found to be 39.47%. Conclusion: This study revealed that phenytoin, diazepam, and ranitidine accounted for most of the drug interactions. This study concludes that patient education and observation were necessary for proper utilization of drugs. Keywords: Anti-epileptic drugs, Prescription, Drug interactions, Patient education.
Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and B1 in Egyptian Raw Milk, Soft Cheese and Table Eggs using ELISA Technique

This study was conducted to determine the AFM1 levels in Egyptian raw milk, soft cheese and AFB1 in table eggs marketed in Kafrelsheikh city markets. Aflatoxin content was measured using microtiter-plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Test Kits, RIDASCREEN ELISA of Biopharm AG that used is based on competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative analysis of Aflatoxin AFM1 and AFB1 and with detection limit of 5ppt for AFM1 and 1ppb for AFB1. Tests and standards were performed according the instruction of manufacturer and the results were measured on standard curve of concentrations ranged from 5 to 80 ppt for AFM1 and from 1000 to 2000 ppt for AFB1. Of 90 milk samples, 86 (95.6%) samples contained aflatoxin M1 with concentrations ranged from 5.3 to 43.5 ppt and the mean value was 10.4 ppt. 46 cheese samples (92%) contained AFM1 with concentrations ranged from 50 to 97 ppb and average value of 71 ppb while 2 (4%) of table eggs examined contained AFB1 with quantities ranged from 1100 to 1700 ppt. Data also indicated that AFM1 residues concentrations detected in all the positive samples were above the permitted levels of ESO and below the tolerated levels foreign standards. So it could be concluded that contamination of AFM1 in milk and cheese marketed in Kafrelsheikh city appear to be of serious public health problem at the moment while table eggs needs more further examination at large scale.
Biosorption of heavy metal: A review

The tremendous increase in the use of heavy metals over the past few decades has inevitably resulted in an increased flux of metallic substances in aquatic environment. Metals are of special concern because they are non-degradable and therefore persistent. A number of methods have been developed for removal of heavy metals from liquid wastes such as adsorption, electro dialysis and various membrane separation techniques. The search for new technologies involving the removal of toxic metals from wastewaters has directed attention to biosorption, based on metal binding capacities of various biological materials. This article provides the current methods that have been used to remove or detoxify heavy metals in aquatic environment.
A Study on Appendageal skin tumors in tertiary health

Cutaneous appendageal tumors are a large diverse group of tumors that are commonly classified according to their state of appendageal differentiationeccrine, apocrine, follicular and sebaceous. Most appendageal tumors are relatively uncommonly encountered in routine clinical practice. Though some of the appendageal tumors (e.g. syringoma, nevus sebaceous) can be diagnosed clinically with ease but most of them have non-specific morphological appearance and their diagnosis is mainly based on histopathological characteristics. It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted with a total of 45 patients attending department of dermatology were screened out for appendageal tumors and those (30 patients/66.6%) who were confirmed by histopathological examination of lesional biopsy were included in the study. On the basis of differentiation of tumors, sweat gland tumors were the most common appendageal tumors in our study (79.8%) followed by follicular tumors (11.6%), sebaceous were 8.3%. On individual tumor basis, syringoma constituted maximum numbers of cases (56.6%) followed by multiple trichoepitheliomas and hidrocystoma (both 11.6%). Face was the commonest site of predilection 40(66.6%) followed by scalp 12(20%). Appendageal tumors are relatively uncommon and constitute very small proportion of dermatological disorders. Though clinical appearance might help in diagnosing common appendageal tumors but histological examination remains the gold standard method in diagnosing clinically suspicious lesions.
The Workability of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) With Addition of the Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as Aggregate

This paper presents the physical properties assessment of the Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) modified mix design. Recycle Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is used to substitute the aggregate in producing the UHPFRC. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the workability performance of the modified UHPFRC mix design which containing RAP. The RAP is used to reduce the amount of waste to be disposed at the disposal area. This practice can generate incomes by selling the RAP and help in reducing the disposal fee thus promote a sustainability. The Flow Table test that adopted from standard BS EN 1015-3 is conducted to determine the workability of the modified UHPFRC which containing RAP. Three samples of UHPFRC were prepared and labelled as UHPFRC-1, UHPFRC-2 and UHPFRC-3. UHPFRC-1 contains 0%, UHPFRC-2 contains 15% and UHPFRC-3 contains 30% of RAP. The results show that the additional of RAP in the UHPFRC had increased the workability of concrete, however it decrease the strength of concrete.