Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assisting IUD and DMPA Users with Overcoming their Sexual and Mood Problems

Background: Contraceptive side effects have been recognized as the most important reasons accounting for discontinuation of the methods. Objectives: The present study attempts to identify the probable side effects that negatively affect sexual satisfaction and depression in Intra Uterine Device (IUD) and Depo-Medroxyprogestrone Acetate (DMPA) users. Methods: 150 IUD users and 150 DMPA users who had started the respective contraceptive method since the past 12-18 months participated in a cross-sectional study conducted in 34 health centers from August 2017 to January 2018, in Tehran, Iran. Index of Sexual Satisfaction and Patient Health Questionnaire were used for assessing sexual satisfaction and depression in the participants, respectively. Results: Chi-square and independent t-test showed no significant difference between demographic characteristic in the two groups (P>0.05). The linear logistic regression analysis showed that no variables affect sexual satisfaction in IUD users, while depression (P=0.01, B=1.12) and dysmenorrhea (P=0.05, B=2.06) were meaningful factors accounting for sexual satisfaction in DMPA users. Influential factors on depression were dysmenorrhea (P= 0.005, B=0.41) in IUD users, and sexual satisfaction (P= 0.005, B=0.05) and weight gain (P=0.029, B=0.31) in DMPA users. Pearson test showed a significant correlation between sexual satisfaction and depression (P=0.05, Pearson correlation=0.11). Conclusion: This study helps clinicians to improve sexual satisfaction and mood levels in IUD and DMPA users by manipulating some influential factors. With regard to the correlation between sexual satisfaction and depression, health providers should pay greater attention to these clients’ sexual life when they complain of depression, and vice versa.
Identification of aposporic embryo sac development in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Linn).

The genotype 238-14-2 and derivatives of an interspecific cross [C. palaestinus X C. tinctorius] produced plants with cyto-exomorphic variations. The genotype 238-14-2 produced fused peripheral flowers in the capitula in addition to twin-embryo seeds and plants with higher ploidy levels at high frequency. The derivatives of the interspecific cross were either branched or unbranched and had flattened stems. The main capitulum in these plants was formed after fusion of many capitula and exhibited semi-circular shape. Flowers had single, bior trifurcated stigmas and produced single, twin or multipistillate ovaries with the seeds producing a high frequency of multiple seedlings. Cytological investigations of 238-14-2 and interspecific derivatives have revealed that besides unilocular ovaries containing single ovules, there exist fused uniand bilocular ovaries with twin-ovulate condition in each locule of the bilocular ovary. Apomixis of somatic apospory-type and the development of embryo and endosperm through pseudogamy where pollination is needed for endosperm formation have been observed in the two genotypes in safflower. Efforts to quantify the extent of apomixis in the two genotypes are in progress so that it can be used in improvement of safflower.
Occurrence, distribution and importance of plant parasitic nematodes associated with litchi plantations in North Tripura district.

During March to July, 2007, an extensive survey was conducted in three sub-divisions of North Tripura district for isolation and identification of plant parasitic nematodes affecting litchi plants. Analysis of soil and root samples collected from 70 sites in 14 locations of three sub-divisions showed that nine plant parasitic nematode species within seven genera being associated with litchi plants. The isolated and identified nematode species were Hemicriconemoides litchi, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne incognita, Helicotylenchus dihystera, H. indicus, Hoplolaimus indicus, Tylenchorhynchus leviterminalis, Xiphinema brevicolle and Xiphinema sp. Among them H. litchi, R. reniformis and M. incognita were the most abundant, frequent and prominent nematode species. The population percentage of these three nematodes were 9530.00, 5220.00 and 4100.00, respectively. Out of nine nematode species, R. reniformis, Helicotylenchus indicus, T. leviterminalis and Xiphinema sp. were reported for the first time from Tripura state associated with litchi plants. So, it is clearly indicated that H. litchi, R. reniformis and M. incognita are the most important and harmful nematode species in litchi plantations of North Tripura district.
Computational fluid dynamic investigation of the primary and secondary atomization of the free-fall atomizer in electrode induction melting gas atomization process

Nickel-based superalloy is mainly used for fabricating the important high temperature parts including the turbine disk, turbine baffle, compressor disk, and other critical components. Ceramic inclusions in powder metallurgy (PM) superalloy could promote fatigue crack initiation, and thus accelerating the crack propagation under certain conditions. In this case, the ultra-clean nickel-based superalloy powder is critical for PM superalloy components. Generally, there are two well-known methods of fabricating superalloy powders, i.e., argon gas atomization (AA) and plasma rotating electrode process (PREP). Electrode induction melting gas atomization (EIGA) process is a newly developed method of preparing ultra-clean metal powders. The EIGA process is a completely crucible-free melting and atomization process developed by ALD vacuum technologies. In this process, a slowly rotating prealloyed bar is fed into a conical induction coil. The end of the bar is inductively heated and molten alloys falls into an atomizer where the liquid alloy is atomized with a high-pressure inert gas. The EIGA prepared powders possess the advantages of AA (more fine powders) and PREP (ultra-clean powders) processes. Generally, there are two key issues in EIGA process, and the free-fall gas atomizer design is one of the critical issues for the powder yield and quality. Free-fall gas atomizers are some of the first two fluid atomizer designs to be used for molten metal atomization. In a simple open (unconfined stream) design a melt stream falls from a tundish exit via gravity into the convergence of focused atomization gas jets where it is disintegrated. The gas-melt interaction is complex, and it is difficult to characterize the interaction process directly. To have a good understanding of the atomisation technology, the physical break-up process instead of correlating the gas dynamics with droplet fragmentation indirectly must be able to be examined. And it will be desirable, if we input the atomization parameters, we can obtain the particles' distributions directly. In this work, a computational fluid dynamic approach to simulating the primary and secondary atomization processes is developed by using the volume of fluid method and discrete phase model. By integrating the metal stream break-up (in primary atomization) with the flow field and particles distribution simulation (in second atomization), this numerical simulation method is able to provide the direct assessment for the atomisation process. To verify the method performance, the melt stream is initialized into a 4 mm-diameter stream, which is then injected into the gas flow field for further fragmentation. The experimental results show that the simulated particles' diameter distribution is consistent with the experimental results in the same conditions.
Predation preference of Neoseiulus californicus and Typhlodromus bagdasarjani on heterospecific phytoseiid and Scolothrips longicornis in presence and absence of Tetranychus urticae

Predation preference of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan on Scolothrips longicornis Priesner and heterospecific phytoseiid was determined on cucumber leaf discs in presence and absence of Tetranychus urticae Koch . The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions at 25˚C, 65% RH and a photoperiod of 16h light: 8h dark. The first and second instar of the thrips and larval stages of the phytoseiids were selected as intraguild preys. In the first experiment, the first or second instar larvae of the thrips and heterospecific larval phytoseiid (regarded as predator species) were offered to an adult female of phytoseiid. The females of N. californicus and T. bagdasarjani significantly preferred to prey upon the first instar larvae of the thrips (1.82 and 1.41 larvae per day, respectively) compared with phytoseiids (0.78 and 0.53 larva per day, respectively). Consumption of the two mentioned phytoseiid species on second instar larvae of the thrips (0.96 and 0.60 larva per day, respectively) and the phytoseiid (0.91 and 0.62 larva per day, respectively) were not significantly different. The females of both phytoseiid species were able to oviposit continuously when fed on the thrips and phytoseiid preys. In the second experiment, when T. urticae , the phytoseiid and thrips were offered simultaneously, both phytoseiid species could prey upon all three species but T. urticae was significantly consumed more (5.52 T. urticae per day by N. californicus and 4.46 T.urticae per day by T. bagdsarjani ). Since these two predators belong to the type III phytoseiids, it seems that both species were able to survive in absence of T. urticae and tend to prey more on first instar larvae of the thrips compared with the heterospecific phytoseiid.
Effect of preparations with the viable yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and LEVICA-25 on methanogens and in vitro ruminal methanogenesis

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of preparations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts and LEVICA-25 viable, in methanogens and in vitro ruminal methanogenesis. The experiment was conducted through the submerged culture technique. A completely randomized design was used. The treatments were: A) control, B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and C) LEVICA-25. The samplings were performed before incubation (hour 0), and at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after the fermentation. Star grass ( Cynodon nlemfuensi s) was used as substrate to be fermented. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and LEVICA-25 reduced their population of methanogens. The populations at 4 h were of 268, 56.33, and 49.33 x 10-10 cfu mL-1 for the control, S. cerevisiae, and LEVICA-25, respectively. The methane production in the rumen at 24 h of fermentation was of 78.97, 45.21, and 21.52 ? L for the control treatment of star grass, S. cerevisiae , and LEVICA-25, respectively. S. cerevisiae increased in 1.75 times the population of cellulolytic bacteria, and LEVICA-25 multiplied by 2.25 the population of total viable bacteria. The number of protozoa was of 12.55, 16.30, and 17.55 x 10-5 cells mL-1 for the treatments A, B, and C, respectively. It was concluded that the preparations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts and LEVICA-25 reduced the methanogens and the ruminal methanogenesis, which provides the possibility of using them to enhance the efficiency in the use of the energy in ruminants. This could contribute to mitigate the impact of these gases on the environment. Key words: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, LEVICA-25, methnogens, rumen, methane, energy.
Life History Parameters of the Crayfish Orconectes Limosus (Raf.) in Southern New England

Orconectes limosus is a primitive species of the genus Orconectes separated geo- graphically from related species occurring in the Mississippi and Cumberland River systems of North America. Investigation of the life history of 0. limosus was undertaken near the northern limit of its distribution along the Atlantic coast. In southern New England, the species copulates any time of the year when active first form males confront females. Egg laying commences in April and lasts to early June, and hatched young appear in June and July. Abdominal egg counts are linearly and positively associated with carapace length. A trend exists where older females commence ovipositing earlier in the season than smaller adult females. Individuals can live up to 3 years but not usually beyond 2 years. Orconectes limosus shows no extraordinary life history when compared with other species of the genus. OHIOJ. SCI. 81(4): 169, 1981 The spiny river crayfish, Orconectes Limosus, is unique among the so called limosus section (Ortmann 1905) crayfishes in that it is confined to the northern Atlan- tic Coastal Plain and Piedmont from the James River in Virginia north to south flowing river systems in New England. The life history of this species has been speculated and noted upon by several work- ers who have engaged in faunistic crayfish studies that included 0. limosus. Citations of dates of collection of one or a few females with eggs or young have been documented along with observations on dates of copula- tion (Ortmann 1906, Crocker 1957,1979, Francois 1959, Aiken 1965). Summaries of the annual cycle of 0. limosus (Crocker 1957, Meredith and Schwartz I960) state that copulation generally occurs in the fall while egglaying takes place in the spring. Crocker (1957, 1979) has provided ade- quate data on chronological molting pat- terns and identified the periods when po- tentially reproductive first form males are most abundant. The extensive in vitro studies by Andrews (several papers sum- marized somewhat in 1907) have detailed social, behavioral and embryological fea- tures of the reproductive biology of 0. limosus.
Genetic improvement in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) against salt stress

Salinity and drought are the two major abiotic stresses that affect the quality and quantity of tomato. The dehydration response transcription element binding factor ( DREB ) gene enhances tolerance in plants against salinity. The present study was conducted to transformed DREB1A gene through Agrobacterium in tomato cultivar Roma against salt stresses. A binary vector containing DREB1A gene under the control of inducible promoter Lip 9 along with hygromycin screening marker was used. The few major factors which directly affect transformation efficiency were optimized such as acetosyringone levels, cefotaxime concentrations, pre-selection time period and hygromycin levels. Four different concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) of NaCl were applied on both transgenic and non transgenic plants. The addition of 200 µM acetosyringone in co-cultivation media, 200 mg/L cefotaxime in pre-culturing media and 25 mg/L hygromycin concentration significantly increased transformation efficiency. Maximum transformation efficiency 16.6% was obtained in tomato cultivar Roma. The transgenic plants were confirmed with PCR and the expected band size ~630 bp was amplified. The transgene express in transgenic tomatoes was confirmed by reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The resulted transgenic plants showed enhanced tolerance against high salt concentration (200 mM) while the non transgenic plants showed the symptoms of wilting and eventually die at that concentration. The DREB1A gene was successfully transformed into local tomato cultivar Roma. The resulted transgenic tomato cultivar Roma will be recommended against extreme salt stresses.
Regional genetic in situ differentiation despite phylogenetic heterogeneity in Alpine mountain hares

We analysed 128 mountain hares Lepus timidus varronis from eastern Switzerland with respect to genetic variability, differentiation and phylogeography. The molecular markers chosen were 443 bp of the mitochondrial control region and 13 microsatellite loci (12 of which were polymorphic). Among the 113 successfully sequenced hares, five yielded introgressed brown hare Lepus europaeus haplotypes, making our study one of few to show introgression of mitochondrial brown hare alleles into mountain hare gene pools rather than the other way around. Overall haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.91 and 0.0081, and observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.40 and 0.54. Our Swiss sample did not show unequivocal signals of substructuring and probably represents a (nearly) pan-mictic population. We also analysed the 20 haplotypes we found phylogeographically in a global framework by adding 143 published sequences from throughout the species' distribution range. The resulting haplotype network lacked an overall geographical structure, but instead consisted of many geographically meaningful subclusters that were scattered throughout the network, including different groups of Russian, Scandinavian or Alpine sequences. This pattern is in line with earlier findings and expectations for arctic species and is indicative of a continuous population across the European continent during the last ice age. Unexpectedly, our Swiss haplotypes all clustered together, suggesting that most of them originated in situ after the isolation of the Alpine population in the late Pleistocene.
A Tree-Ring Reconstruction of the Salinity Gradient in the Northern Estuary of San Francisco Bay

Blue oak tree-ring chronologies correlate highly with winter–spring precipitation totals over California, with Sacramento and San Joaquin river stream flow, and with seasonal variations in the salinity gradient in San Francisco Bay. The convergence of fresh and saline currents can influence turbidity, sediment accumulation, and biological productivity in the estuary. Three selected blue oak chronologies were used to develop a 625-year-long reconstruction of the seasonal salinity gradient, or low salinity zone (LSZ), which provides a unique perspective on the interannual-to-decadal variability of this important estuarine habitat indicator. The reconstruction was calibrated with instrumental LSZ data for the winter–spring season, and explains 73% of the variance in the February–June position of the LSZ from 1956 to 2003. Because this calibration period post-dates the sweeping changes that have occurred to land cover, channel morphology, and natural streamflow regimes in California, the reconstruction provides an idealized estimate for how the LSZ might have fluctuated under the seasonal precipitation variations of the past 625 years, given the modern geometry and bathymetry of the estuary and land cover across the drainage basin. The February–June season integrates precipitation and runoff variability during the cool season, and does not extend into the late-summer dry season when LSZ extremes can negatively affect Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta) agriculture and some aquatic organisms. However, there is such strong inter-seasonal persistence in the instrumental LSZ data that precipitation totals during the cool season can strongly pre-condition LSZ position in late summer. The 625-year-long reconstruction indicates strong interannual and decadal variability, the frequent recurrence of consecutive 2-year LSZ maxima and minima, large-scale ocean atmospheric forcing, and an interesting asymmetrical influence of warm El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events.
Influence of Application Timing on the Efficacy of Reduced Rate Postemergence Herbicides for Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control in Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Field experiments were conducted during 1992 and 1993 at Kalispell and Moccasin, MT, to determine the influence of application timing on the efficacy of reduced rate postemergence applications of imazamethabenz and diclofop in spring barley. Herbicides were applied at their respective 1 × and ½ × use rates at either 1, 2, or 3 weeks after crop emergence (WAE). While excellent wild oat control was sometimes achieved with reduced rates, there was no consistent relationship between wild oat growth stage and the level of control at either site regardless of the herbicide or rate applied. This response suggests that efficacy is governed not only by wild oat growth stage, but also by weed demographics and environmental considerations. Barley yield and adjusted gross return values were highest at Kalispell when imazamethabenz treatments were applied at 1 WAE, regardless of the level of wild oat control. Adjusted gross return values were similar for the 1 × and ½ × imazamethabenz treatments. Yields and adjusted gross returns with diclofop treatments were more related to the level of wild oat control at Kalispell, with the 1 × diclofop treatments providing the greatest yields and adjusted gross return values. The level of wild oat control at Moccasin had minimal effect on barley yield and adjusted gross returns, with both values being comparable to the nontreated check.
Distribución de probabilidades de los caudales mensuales en las regiones de Cuyo y Patagonia (Argentina). Aplicación al monitoreo de sequías hidrológicas

Fil: Rivera, Juan Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivologia, Glaciologia y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivologia, Glaciologia y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivologia, Glaciologia y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad "Juan Agustin Maza"; Argentina
Effect of crude culture filtrates of the pathogenic fungus phoma medicaginis on in vitro cultures of pea.

Biotic stress is one of the major causes for considerable yield loses and limits in plant performance. To cope with this problem, multidisciplinary approach is applied and research is carried out at several levels of organization of the living organisms. The large scale studies are due to the fact that resistance is a complex of genetic, physiological, biochemical and other mechanisms. It includes plant-pathogen interactions demonstrated on organism, cellular and molecular level. Biotechnology affords an opportunity for application of alternative methods to investigate stress response and to select for higher tolerance. Essential prerequisites for this kind of work are the in vitro culture system and a stress factor which is applicable in vitro and simulates the natural stress factor on cellular or tissue level. In this respect culture filtrates from pathogenic fungus can be used as a selective factor in plant cell in vitro cultures. The objectives of the study were to define the appropriate culture filtrates from a pathogenic fungus which can be used for in vitro modeling of biotic stress using plant tissue cultures. Long-term organogenic pea cultures and crude culture filtrates from the virulent isolate of the pathogenic fungus Phoma medicaginis var. Pinodella causing ascochytosis disease were used. The negative effects of crude culture filtrates obtained at different stages of fungus growth were studied recording changes in pea bud and shoot induction and development. The virulence of the crude culture filtrate was tested after being subjected to cold or hot sterilization. The culture filtrate after the 5 th day of fungus suspension initiation demonstrated suppression of the pea organogenesis. The negative effect is strongest on the 9 th day of fungus cultivation. The cold sterilization of the fungus filtrate by Millipore filter with 0.2 μ membrane pores is the most effective and reliable. However, it is more difficult compared to autoclaving which is reliable, too, but decreases culture filtrate activity.