Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Palaeochannels near West Wyalong, New South Wales: A case study in delineation and modelling using aeromagnetics

In November 1998, the Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO) and the New South Wales Department of Mineral Resources acquired high-resolution airborne magnetic and gamma-ray spectrometric data along lines spaced 50 m apart and 60 m above ground level north of West Wyalong, New South Wales. In addition,AGSO post-processed a proprietary dataset of similarly high-resolution from an area immediately to the south, between West Wyalong and Temora, along the Gilmore Fault Zone. Anomalies interpreted to be caused by palaeochannel deposits have been identified in these datasets. Modelling of the airborne magnetic data was used to define the geometry of the palaeochannel deposits. These models were constrained using data from drill holes and downhole magnetic susceptibility measurements. Mapping palaeochannel deposits is of potential significance for mineral exploration and land and water research. Historically, alluvial gold, often palaeochannel-hosted, has accounted for a large proportion of Australia’s gold production. The study area is part of the historic Wyalong Goldfield and is part of the Bland Creek palaeovalley. Palaeochannel deposits may also be reservoirs of saline groundwater, and therefore are important in developing hydrogeological models for dryland salinity hazard assessment. Due to their depth of burial (often concealed beneath surficial sediments, to depths of 150 m), the palaeochannel deposits in the study area are mappable using either airborne magnetic or electromagnetic data, but not using gamma-ray spectrometry. The palaeochannel deposits contain detrital ferruginous maghaemitic pisoliths (which have extremely high magnetic susceptibility) concentrated in lenses in sand and clay. The resolution of the aeromagnetic datasets is compared with results obtained from surveys with different acquisition parameters. These tests suggest that an airborne geophysical survey flown with line spacing of less than 100 m can reveal important information about regolith materials, including channel-fill deposits such as in the sedimentary fill of the Bland Creek palaeovalley.
Redistribution and export of contaminated sediment within eastern Fukushima Prefecture due to typhoon flooding

Tropical cyclones expose river basins to heavy rainfall and flooding, and cause substantial soil erosion and sediment transport. There is heightened interest in the effects of typhoon floods on river basins in northeast Japan, as the migration of radiocaesium‐bearing soils contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident will affect future radiation levels. The five main catchments surrounding FDNPP are the Odaka, Ukedo, Maeda, Kuma and Tomioka basins, but little quantitative modelling has been undertaken to identify the sediment redistribution patterns and controlling processes across these basins. Here we address this issue and report catchment‐scale modelling of the five basins using the GETFLOWS simulation code. The three‐dimensional (3D) models of the basins incorporated details of the geology, soil type, land cover, and used data from meteorological records as inputs. The simulation results were checked against field monitoring data for water flow rates, suspended sediment concentrations and accumulated sediment erosion and deposition. The results show that the majority of annual sediment migration in the basins occurs over storm periods, thus making typhoons the main vectors for redistribution. The Ukedo and Tomioka basins are the most important basins in the region in terms of overall sediment transport, followed by the other three basins each with similar discharge amounts. Erosion is strongly correlated with the underlying geology and the surface topography in the study area. A low permeability Pliocene Dainenji formation in the coastal area causes high surface water flow rates and soil erosion. Conversely, erosion is lower in an area with high permeability granite basement rocks between the Hatagawa and Futaba faults in the centre of the study area. Land cover is also a factor controlling differences in erosion and transport rates between forested areas in the west of the study area and predominantly agricultural areas towards the east. The largest sediment depositions occur in the Ogaki and Takigawa Dams, at the confluence of the Takase and Ukedo Rivers, and at the Ukedo River mouth. Having clarified the sediment redistribution patterns and controlling processes, these results can assist the ongoing task of monitoring radioactive caesium redistribution within Fukushima Prefecture, and contribute to the design and implementation of measures to protect health and the environment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sharpness and Gradient Aware Minimization for Memory-based Continual Learning

Memory-based Continual Learning methods (CL) preserve performance on old data by storing a small buffer of seen samples to re-learn with current data. Despite their impressive results, these methods may still obtain sub-optimal solutions as a result of overfitting training data, especially on the limited buffer. This can be attributed to their employment of empirical risk minimization over training data. To overcome this problem, we leverage Sharpness Aware Minimization (SAM), a recently proposed training technique, to improve models’ generalization, and thus CL performance. In particular, SAM seeks for flat minima whose neighbors’ loss values are also low by simultaneously guiding a model towards SAM gradient direction corresponding to low-loss regions and flat regions. However, we conjecture that directly applying SAM to replay-based CL methods whose loss function contains multiple objectives may cause gradient conflict among them. We then propose to manipulate each objective’s SAM gradient such that their potential conflict is minimized by adopting one gradient aggregation strategy from Multi-task Learning. Finally, through extensive experiments, we empirically verify our hypothesis and show consistent improvements in our method over strong memory-replay baselines.
Numerical Investigation of Immersion Cooling Performance for Lithium-ion Polymer (LiPo) Battery: Effects of Dielectric Fluids and Flow Velocity

This study investigates the enhancement of immersion cooling performance for a single 14.6 Ah lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) battery cell by using air, palm oil, and engineered fluid (3M Novec 7000) as dielectric fluids. The research aims to observe the temperature distribution and rate of heat transfer on the battery cell at a 3C discharge rate, while varying the fluid velocity flow (0 mm/s, 1 mm/s, and 50 mm/s) and fluid types. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent software, with heat generation from the LiPo battery simulated using the Newman, Tiedmann, Gu, and Kim (NTGK) semi-empirical electrochemical model. Results revealed that palm oil demonstrated the optimum cooling effect, reducing peak temperature to safe operating temperature region by 62.4% within 1020 seconds. Fluid flow velocity strongly influenced temperature distribution and heat transfer rates, with 50 mm/s resulting in a more uniform temperature distribution compared to 1 mm/s and 0 mm/s. The rate of heat transfer was highest at 1 mm/s and intermediate at 50 mm/s. Considering the abundance of palm oil in Malaysia, utilizing it as the dielectric fluid with a 50 mm/s flow velocity yields the best cooling effect for the 14.6 Ah LiPo battery at a 3C discharge rate.
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in pediatric COVID-19

Thrombotic complications of SARS-CoV-2 have been increasingly recognized as an important component of COVID-19 in adults; however, they have been less evident in children. We report a case of a teenager with positive SARS‐CoV‐2 RT–PCR and underlying prothrombotic risk factors, including aromatase inhibitor therapy, who developed deep vein thrombosis resulting in pulmonary embolism. Laboratory tests revealed deranged coagulation parameters (high D-dimers and Factor VIII and low antithrombin). The patient required intensive care and was managed with anticoagulants, dexamethasone and antithrombin concentrate. Clinical condition and hemostatic profile gradually improved. A review of the available literature for similar cases is presented.
Effects of Non-drainage Hydroponic Culture on Growth, Yield, Quality and Root Environments of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)

This study was conducted to figure out the possibility of non-drainage in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) hydroponics culture. Plants were grown under 3 different levels of drainage, standard (20~40%, SD), minimum (5~10%, MD), and non-drainage (ND). Throughout cultivation periods, constant water content and electrolyte conductivity changes in root zone were observed in SD in the range of 60~70% and 1.5~2.5 dS · m−1, respectively. ND treatment caused the fluctuation in water content and electrolyte conductivity of root zone and its change ranges were 30~50% in water content and 2~6 dS · m−1 in electrolyte conductivity, but ND treatment did not decrease fruit quality. Even if fruit fresh weight was slightly lower in ND with 1,863 g, than in SD with 1,990 g, the fruit weight in ND meets standard market size, 1,800~2,000 g. Higher soluble solids content was observed in fruit in ND than in SD and MD. Total amount of drainage per plant was 27,718, 15,769 and 2,346 mL in SD, MD and ND, respectively. SD showed 83.2 m drainage, 34.5% drainage of irrigation amount whereas required total irrigation amount in ND was very low with 7 m.
Culture matters: the influence of national culture on inclusion climate

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model in order to increase the understanding of the influence of national culture on the relationship between organizational diversity and inclusion management and inclusion climate. Design/methodology/approach – Based upon a comprehensive review of diversity and inclusion management literature, the authors develop a conceptual model. Findings – The model delineates how national culture influences the effectiveness of diversity and inclusion management practices in establishing an inclusion climate. In particular, the authors propose that low power distance, high collectivism, low uncertainty avoidance, low masculinity, high long-term orientation, and high indulgence cultures serve as a fertile context for creating an inclusion climate. Furthermore, the authors discuss how cultural tightness-looseness amplifies or attenuates the effects of national culture. Research limitations/implications – The paper extends the understanding of the antecede.
Applying Adaptive Sharpness-Aware Minimization to Improve Out-of-distribution Generalization

Out-of-distribution (OoD) generalization in machine learning occurs when models trained on specific source domains struggle to generalize to unseen target domains due to variations in distributions, data collection conditions, and biases. These differences, known as domain shifts, can considerably impact model performance when facing domains not encountered during training. This circumstance arises partially due to the limitations of commonly used optimizers like SGD or ADAM, which lack the capability to preferentially converge towards optimal points characterized by high generalization capacity, commonly referred to as flat minima. Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) emerges as a powerful tool for facilitating generalization in independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) data by aiming to find flat minima in the loss landscape that remain robust in the face of input sample perturbations. Among the variants of SAM, one notable variant is ASAM, an adaptive version designed to withstand parameter re-scaling and ensure robustness. In this study, our primary focus lies in the utilization of ASAM. Diverging from the conventional utilization of ASAM, which predominantly functions within the confines of i.i. d conditions, this paper applies ASAM in OoD data scenarios to evaluate its robustness. Our findings reveal that ASAM exhibits stable training behavior and superior generalization capabilities when compared to the Adam optimizer. Our experiments, conducted on the NICO dataset encompassing multiple domains, showcase ASAM’s remarkable performance, surpassing other state-of-the-art methods without the need for intricate data augmentation. ASAM achieves an accuracy rate of 87.25% (Animal) and 80.79% (Vehicle).
Geographical dissemination of trace and major elements in honey

Honey is a natural food commodity that contains up to 200 components. Within the context of environmental science and considering food safety issues, a relatively simple way for honey differentiation is the quantitative analysis of trace and major elements, especially due to the fact that honey composition is not constant and equal in different geographical locations. Also, considerable influence of botanical origin should be taken into account. The aim of the study was to find out the geographical dissemination of elements in honey by analyzing 80 honey samples collected over the territory of Latvia. Honey samples were collected within two seasons (2009/2010). Water based acidified solutions of honey samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was possible to quantify 5 major elements (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na) and 15 trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Zn). Results showed slight differences between the selected regions taking into account that the region selection was based on the available geochemical information. Some regional distinctions were detected in element content of honey, mainly concerning heavy metals. Comparison of results with the data from other countries revealed that honey samples from Latvia can be assessed as medium rich with major elements as well as slightly contaminated with potentially toxic elements. It was determined that the element content of honey is not strongly connected with geochemical background but more is influenced by the consequences of anthropogenic activities.
Automated generation of adaptive perturbed images based on GAN for motivated adversaries on deep learning models: Automated generation of adaptive perturbed images based on GAN

Deep learning techniques have achieved great success in many fields, such as computer vision, natural language processing and computer security. However, deep learning models are facing many security risks, in particular motivated adversaries which lead to incorrect predictions or reduce the models’ effectiveness. Many previous researches have been investigated on adversarial attacks, aiming to improve the robustness and security of deep learning models. In this article, we propose a method to automatically produce adaptive perturbed images based on GAN for motivated adversaries on deep learning models. The experimental results achieve approximately 60% success rate in evading five state-of-the-art deep learning models for image recognition including ResNet-56, MobileNetV2, VGG19_bn, ShuffleNetV2, RepVGG_a2 on the CIFAR-10 dataset. The proposed method’s results are much higher than AIGAN model proposed by Tao Bai et al. achieving 10.17%. The image fidelity of distorted images generated by the proposed method also is positive. The proposed method’s PSNR (Peak-Signal-Noise-Ratio) is greater than 40 compared to previous studies such as FGSM, DeepFoll, C&W and AdvGAN, Zhang in which PSNR is less than 30.
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Uplifting History of the Tianshan Region:Insight from Apatite Fission Track

According to the apatite fission track analysis of the samples from different parts of Tianshan and its' two piedmont basins,the major uplifts happened in Tianshan can be recovered.Tianshan underwent four uplifting events during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic,each of which covered a different area,namely,1) the early Cretaceous uplift began at ~140Ma and took place in the south,central and north parts of Tianshan,leading to the destruction of the Jurassic peneplanation in Tianshan area;2) the late Cretaceous uplift began at ~96Ma,took place in both Tianshan and its piedmont basins.The uplift height of the area near the Bogda Range in the east is larger than the west;and 3) the Paleogene uplift began at about 46 Ma,happening mainly in the central Tianshan and south Tianshan.It's probably the earliest distant effect of the India-Asia collision.4) The Miocene uplift began at about 25 Ma,limited to the northern margin of the Kuqa basin and the southern margin of North Tianshan-Sjunggar,The erosive volume by lifting was increasing gradually from east to west.
Wing rock mode and its mechanism of a flying-wing aircraft

Abstract The flying wing is an aerodynamic configuration with high efficiency, but the lack of lateral-directional stability has always been an obstacle that limits its application. In this study, the wing rock motion of a 65° swept flying-wing aircraft is studied via wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations at a low speed, and various unsteady motion phenomena are focused on. Both the experimental and numerical results show that the flying wing has a bicyclic ${C_l}$–$\phi $ hysteresis loop during its wing rock, different from the slender delta wing, rectangular wing, generic aircraft configuration, etc., which have a tricyclic hysteresis loop. This form of hysteresis loop implies a different energy exchange manner of the flying wing in the wing rock oscillation. Further analysis shows that the flying wing forms a unilateral leading-edge vortex (LEV) under a high roll angle, with its wing rock oscillation driven by the ‘vortex–shear-layer’ structure, which is different from that of slender and non-slender delta wings. Moreover, the quantitative dynamic hysteresis characteristics of the LEV's strength and location for the flying wing and the slender delta wing are also different. These results have proven the existence of a wing rock mode which is different from previous investigations, which enriches the understanding of self-induced oscillation. Present discoveries are also conducive to the aerodynamic shape design and flight manipulation of a flying-wing aircraft, which is significant for its wider application.
A Study of the Basic Features and Mechanism of Boundary Layer Jet in Beijing Area

The basic features of boundary layer jets ,which appear in Beijing area in some summer nights , have been investigated first. The investigation shows that the boundary layer jets often turn up during the clear nights after days with an extreme high temperature or local heavy rain, and there is obvious diurnal variation for their intensities. Their vertical wind structure is similar to nose, and heights of the strongest wind are about 600900 m. The thermodynamic effects of topography or local heavy rain have been studied by deducing meso\|scale equations and confirmed by weather cases. Some conclusions can be drawn: (1) The vertical wind shear is strengthened (the jet appears) or weakened (the jet disappears) with change of the direction and intensity of temperature gradient between mountain and plain. The reason why boundary jets come into being during the summer nights after days with an extreme high temperature is that the strongest temperature gradient pointing to plain area is easy to come into being. (2) There is obvious positive feedback between local heavy rain and appearance of boundary layer jet: condensation latent heat in the lower mid\|troposphere and rapidly decreasing air temperature in near\|surface with local heavy rain should bring forth obvious temperature gradients of opposite directions in different layers, and the opposite temperature gradients cause accelerated motion of air stream in the mid\|boundary layer together, so the boundary layer jets often reach the strongest after rain starts for 12 hours; however, the convergence in front of the jet will be strengthened with the accelerated stream and the rain intensity will be advanced.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Traumatic Bone Fracture Patterns and Hospital Outcomes in 1646 Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Study in Turkey

Background During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related lockdowns, modifications in trauma-related behavior and other factors in the elderly population may have occurred. The present retrospective study aimed to compare outcomes from emergency admissions to a major trauma center in Turkey of 1646 elderly patients with traumatic bone fractures that occurred before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. Material/Methods A cohort of 1646 elderly trauma patients admitted between September 15, 2019 and September 15, 2020 were retrospectively scanned from the hospital registry system and were grouped as admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic before (Group 1), during (Group 2), or after (Group 3) the lockdown restrictions. Demographic and clinical data were examined by making comparisons between the 3 groups. Results In all groups, female sex was more prevalent. Fractures were more common in the ulna and femur than in other bones (P=0.026, P=0.035). Among the groups, in Group 2, injuries due to the mechanism of falling from one’s own height on the ground were more prominent (79.2%). Hospital costs were lower in Group 1 (P<0.001). The majority of hospitalized patients (n=874; 53.1%) were in Group 2 (P=0.009). Conclusions During pandemic lockdowns, the mechanism of falling from one’s own height was more common in the elderly population. The ulna and femur were the predominant bones fractured. Therefore, during lockdown periods, precautions should be taken to prevent the elderly from falling from their own height.
Development of an Educational Game Visual Novel Introduction to Traditional Dance Based on Android: Case Study of Typical Dance of Lombok Island

This research aims to produce a practical Visual Novel Game learning media. This research is development research with the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method, including 4 stages, namely concept, design, material collection, manufacture, testing, and distribution. The subjects in this study were elementary school students, dance teachers, and songwriters with a purposive sampling technique. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire sheet. The analysis technique uses quantitative descriptive statistics and percentages. The results of testing the functionality of the application from black box testing show the results of the Visual Novel Game learning media are appropriate. The last test on the black box using the User Acceptance Test (UAT) shows the user satisfaction with Visual Novel Game learning media with very good results. The application feasibility results show very good with a percentage of 87.76% and the usability of the application shows very good with a percentage of 90.03%. The visual novel educational game adds insight into the typical dances of Lombok Island with a score of 92%, helps students understand the meaning of the Beriuk Tinjal dance with a score of 92%, and makes learning easy and fun with a score of 92%.