Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Golden Egg: Nutritional Value, Bioactivities, and Emerging Benefits for Human Health

Egg is an encapsulated source of macro and micronutrients that meet all requirements to support embryonic development until hatching. The perfect balance and diversity in its nutrients along with its high digestibility and its affordable price has put the egg in the spotlight as a basic food for humans. However, egg still has to face many years of nutritionist recommendations aiming at restricting egg consumption to limit cardiovascular diseases incidence. Most experimental, clinical, and epidemiologic studies concluded that there was no evidence of a correlation between dietary cholesterol brought by eggs and an increase in plasma total-cholesterol. Egg remains a food product of high nutritional quality for adults including elderly people and children and is extensively consumed worldwide. In parallel, there is compelling evidence that egg also contains many and still-unexplored bioactive compounds, which may be of high interest in preventing/curing diseases. This review will give an overview of (1) the main nutritional characteristics of chicken egg, (2) emerging data related to egg bioactive compounds, and (3) some factors affecting egg composition including a comparison of nutritional value between eggs from various domestic species.
Meteorology

MET 140 Introduction to Meteorology 3 cr This course focuses on introducing the student to the basic concepts of meteorology. Major topics include the structure of our atmosphere, heat balance, meteorological measurements, atmospheric stability, atmospheric motion, and wind circulations on both the global and local scales. Other areas covered may include an introduction to air masses, fronts, and precipitation processes. The analysis of US Government weather charts is also introduced. Core course. Co-requisite: MET 140L
Compromised Exercise Capacity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Murine (oim) Mouse Model

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective tissue disorder that most often arises from type I collagen—COL1A1 and COL1A2—gene defects leading to skeletal fragility, short stature, blue‐gray sclera, and muscle weakness. Relative to the skeletal fragility, muscle weakness is much less understood. Recent investigations into OI muscle weakness in both patients and mouse models have revealed the presence of an inherent muscle pathology. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for OI muscle weakness is critical, particularly in light of the extensive cross‐talk between muscle and bone via mechanotransduction and biochemical signaling. In the following study we initially subjected WT and oim/oim mice, modeling severe human OI type III, to either weight‐bearing (voluntary wheel‐running) or non‐weight‐bearing (swimming) exercise regimens as a modality to improve muscle strength and ultimately bone strength. The oim/oim mice ran only 35% to 42% of the distance run by age‐ and sex‐matched WT mice and exhibited little improvement with either exercise regimen. Upon further investigation, we determined that oim/oim gastrocnemius muscle exhibited severe mitochondrial dysfunction as characterized by a 52% to 65% decrease in mitochondrial respiration rates, alterations in markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and the electron transport chain components, as well as decreased mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, relative to age‐ and sex‐matched WT gastrocnemius muscle. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction in the oim/oim mouse likely contributes to compromised muscle function and reduced physical activity levels. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Nanosecond Pulse Electroporator With Silicon Carbide mosfets: Development and Evaluation

Nanosecond electroporation of cell organelles is being studied since more than a decade, but it is still not entirely understood. Unique prototype hardware equipment and challenging measuring methods may also be a contributing reason for this situation. In the scope of this paper, we improve the performance of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator by introducing silicon carbide (SiC) mosfets. We developed a new high-voltage diode opening switch (DOS)—nanosecond pulse generator for laboratory use for in vitro experiments in electroporation cuvettes. Analysis and comparison of the most commonly used switching technologies in pulse generators were made. The device is designed by two parallel two-stage Marx-bank circuits with SiC mosfets that generates up to 200 A in the resonant network. A driving circuit for stable simultaneous switching of SiC mosfets was developed. The developed generator can deliver from 500 V to more than 6 kV, approximately 8 ns pulses to a 50 Ω load. Even though the amplitude of the output pulse is not as high as expected, the multiplication factor $V_{\text{OUT}}/V_{\text{IN}}$ is still approximately 9, which is an improvement compared to the previously published linear DOS generator. Measurement and evaluation process is described in detail. Additionally, we emphasize on the size of an error that occurs during measurements.
Empathy—What One Hand Giveth, the Other Taketh Away: Commentary on Paper by Lynne Layton

In this commentary I support Layton's vision of psychotherapy as an unavoidably political practice. However, I caution against a belief in empathy as a primary means of motivating political activity. By sketching a brief history of the concept of empathy, I argue that it is a problematic concept that ultimately will not lead the profession to the type of progressive political practice Layton encourages it to undertake. Empathy preoccupies therapists and patients with inwardness, self-absorption, a modified but sometimes still present objectivism, and an apolitical vision trapped in the Cartesianism from which it originated. I suggest alternative terms to describe what therapists do when they believe they are acting empathically; offer philosophical, political, and socioeconomic reasons why therapists are reluctant to think in alternative terms; and make a link between those terms and a more effective, hermeneutic way of attending to the social realm. I conclude that empathy is not a natural, instinctive process that produces an automatic result and that what therapists mean by empathy is much more a culturally formed moral virtue than a technical skill; it is not a natural, instinctive process that produces an automatic result. Therapists, patients, and the society would be better served if we came to understand and appreciate the difference between virtues and skills, and confront the implications of that difference for both the politics of therapy and a therapeutic politics.
Cerebrolysin improves peripheral inflammatory pain: Sex differences in two models of acute and chronic mechanical hypersensitivity

Chronic inflammatory pain is a major health problem worldwide with high prevalence in women. Cerebrolysin is a multimodal neuropeptide preparation that crosses the blood brain barrier and displays neuroprotective properties in aging and disease. Previously, we showed that cerebrolysin reduced mechanical allodynia in a model of persistent inflammation and pain. We aim to build upon the findings of our previous study by investigating the response to acute administration of cerebrolysin in two models of peripheral inflammation and assessing sex differences. We utilized the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) that produces maximal oedema and mechanical allodynia within days and carrageenan that produces similar effects within hours. Cerebrolysin reversed the mechanical allodynia in both sexes in CFA‐treated rats. On the other hand, in rats treated with carrageenan, cerebrolysin was only effective in reducing mechanical allodynia in female rats. In conclusion, the present study shows that cerebrolysin effects may be sex‐specific depending on different mechanisms that are at play in these two models of peripheral inflammatory pain. Further investigations are required to determine the factors contributing to sex differences.
Characterization of mcr-5-Harboring Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates from Animal and Food Origin in Germany

We characterized eight mcr-5-positive Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium sequence type 34 (ST34) isolates obtained from pigs and meat in Germany. ABSTRACT We characterized eight mcr-5-positive Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium sequence type 34 (ST34) isolates obtained from pigs and meat in Germany. Five plasmid types were identified harboring mcr-5 on Tn6452 or putative mobile insertion cassettes. The mobility of mcr-5 was confirmed by integration of Tn6452 into the bacterial chromosomes of two strains and the detection of conjugative mcr-5 plasmids. The association with mobile genetic elements might further enhance mcr-5 distribution.
Divergent Six Month Functional Recovery Trajectories and Predictors after Traumatic Brain Injury: Novel Insights from the Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment Trial Study.

Cross-sectional approaches to outcome assessment may not adequately capture heterogeneity in recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Using latent class mixed models (LCMM), a data-driven analytic that identifies groups of patients with similar trajectories, we identified distinct 6 month functional recovery trajectories in a large cohort (n = 1046) of adults 18-70 years of age with complicated mild to severe TBI who participated in the Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment Trial (COBRIT). We used multinomial logistic fixed effect models and backward elimination, forward selection, and forward stepwise selection with several stopping rules to explore baseline predictors of functional recovery trajectory. Based on statistical and clinical considerations, the seven-class model was deemed superior. Visualization of these seven functional recovery trajectories revealed that each trajectory class started at one of three recovery levels at 1 month, which, for ease of reference we labeled groups A-C: Group A, good recovery (two classes; A1 and A2); Group B, moderate disability (two classes; B1 and B2); and Group C, severe disability (three classes; C1, C2, and C3). By 6 months, these three groups experienced dramatically divergent trajectories. Group A experienced stable good recovery (A1, n = 115) or dramatic decline (A2, n = 4); Group B experienced rapid complete recovery (B1, n = 71) or gradual recovery (B2, n = 742); Group C experienced dramatic rapid recovery (C1, n = 12), no recovery (C2, n = 91), or death (C3, n = 11). Trajectory class membership was not predicted by citicoline treatment (p = 0.57). The models identified demographic, pre-injury, and injury-related predictors of functional recovery trajectory, including: age, race, education, pre-injury employment, pre-injury diabetes, pre-injury psychiatric disorder, site, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, post-traumatic amnesia, TBI mechanism, major extracranial injury, hemoglobin, and acute computed tomographic (CT) findings. GCS was the most consistently selected predictor across all models. All models also selected at least one demographic or pre-injury medical predictor. LCMM successfully identified dramatically divergent, clinically meaningful 6 month recovery trajectories with utility to inform clinical trial design.
Structural comparison of the vacuolar and Golgi V-ATPases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Significance Proton-pumping V-ATPases maintain the pH of intracellular compartments in all eukaryotic cells and the extracellular environment of specialized cells. V-ATPase dysfunction is associated with diseases including osteopetrosis, renal tubular acidosis, and cancer. Many subunits of mammalian V-ATPases exist as multiple isoforms that are expressed in an organelle-, cell-, or tissue-dependent manner, but the consequences of this diversity are not understood. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there are only two V-ATPase isoforms, making it an ideal system to study isoform-specific characteristics. Identifying similarities and differences in structure and function between V-ATPase isoforms improves our understanding of the enzyme’s diverse cellular functions. Proton-translocating vacuolar-type ATPases (V-ATPases) are necessary for numerous processes in eukaryotic cells, including receptor-mediated endocytosis, protein maturation, and lysosomal acidification. In mammals, V-ATPase subunit isoforms are differentially targeted to various intracellular compartments or tissues, but how these subunit isoforms influence enzyme activity is not clear. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, isoform diversity is limited to two different versions of the proton-translocating subunit a: Vph1p, which is targeted to the vacuole, and Stv1p, which is targeted to the Golgi apparatus and endosomes. We show that purified V-ATPase complexes containing Vph1p have higher ATPase activity than complexes containing Stv1p and that the relative difference in activity depends on the presence of lipids. We also show that VO complexes containing Stv1p could be readily purified without attached V1 regions. We used this effect to determine structures of the membrane-embedded VO region with Stv1p at 3.1-Å resolution, which we compare with a structure of the VO region with Vph1p that we determine to 3.2-Å resolution. These maps reveal differences in the surface charge near the cytoplasmic proton half-channel. Both maps also show the presence of bound lipids, as well as regularly spaced densities that may correspond to ergosterol or bound detergent, around the c-ring.
Accounting for Immigrant Status when Calculating Cancer Incidence Rates for Bangkok

Objective: Cancer-registry data are crucial for definingcancer incidence rates for use in setting service priorities and monitoringservice effects. This applies in Thailand where cancer is the leading cause of death and service needs are high. The Bangkok Cancer Registry (population-based) was established in 1990to determine cancer incidence rates for Bangkok. This proved difficult, however, because the Bangkokpopulation (>8million) fluctuates with numbers of temporary visitors, many of whom visit Bangkok temporarily for services. If these visitors are mis-categorized as usual residents, cancer incidence rateswould be inflated. During 2013-2015, residential addresses on the Registry were cross-checked against official addresses on the National Civil Registration records of the Ministry of Interior. The effectsof this cross-checking on incidence rates are discussed. Methods: Residential addresses recorded on the Registry for cancer diagnoses in 2013-2015 were corrected using official Ministry data. Effects on numbers of recorded cancers and crude and directly age-standardized rates (World Population) were determined. Results: Of 44,813 cancer casesdiagnosed and recorded on the Registryduring 2013-2015, 36,327 (81.1%) had an official Bangkok address. When limiting analyses to these cases, the crude incidencefor all cancer sites combined reduced by 18.9% (19.7% for males and 18.3% for females). Corresponding reductions in age-standardized incidence rates were 20.0% for males and 18.8% for females. These reductions varied for common cancer sites: in males, from 14.8% for lung to 25.9% for colorectal cancer; and in females, from 12.9% for lung to 24.0% for cervical cancer. Conclusions: These differences are considered sufficient in magnitude to justifyroutine use of official residential data when calculating cancer incidence rates for Bangkok. If these rates are to be compared with comparable rates for other Asian citiesthat serve broader populations, equivalent methodologies for determining residential status would be needed for all cities.
Enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in NKT cells is essential for their survival and function

Significance The role of cellular metabolism in conventional T cell fate and functions has been established, but little is understood about how metabolic pathways and nutrient requirements are controlled in natural killer T (NKT) cells. The present study shows that, unlike CD4 T cells, activation of NKT cells metabolize glucose to the pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle instead of converting into lactate. In line with this, a high lactate microenvironment is detrimental for NKT cell homeostasis and effector function. Glucose metabolism and IFN-γ expression is increased in NKT cells in response to bacterial infection. Taking these data together, our study demonstrates unique glucose metabolic regulation necessary for NKT cell survival, proliferation and cytokine expression. Cellular metabolism and signaling pathways are key regulators to determine conventional T cell fate and function, but little is understood about the role of cell metabolism for natural killer T (NKT) cell survival, proliferation, and function. We found that NKT cells operate distinct metabolic programming from CD4 T cells. NKT cells are less efficient in glucose uptake than CD4 T cells with or without activation. Gene-expression data revealed that, in NKT cells, glucose is preferentially metabolized by the pentose phosphate pathway and mitochondria, as opposed to being converted into lactate. In fact, glucose is essential for the effector functions of NKT cells and a high lactate environment is detrimental for NKT cell survival and proliferation. Increased glucose uptake and IFN-γ expression in NKT cells is inversely correlated with bacterial loads in response to bacterial infection, further supporting the significance of glucose metabolism for NKT cell function. We also found that promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger seemed to play a role in regulating NKT cells’ glucose metabolism. Overall, our study reveals that NKT cells use distinct arms of glucose metabolism for their survival and function.
Molecular mechanism of the RNA helicase DHX37 and its activation by UTP14A in ribosome biogenesis

Eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis is a highly orchestrated process involving numerous assembly factors including ATP-dependent RNA helicases. The DEAH helicase DHX37 (Dhr1 in yeast) is activated by the ribosome biogenesis factor UTP14A to facilitate maturation of the small ribosomal subunit. We report the crystal structure of DHX37 in complex with single-stranded RNA, revealing a canonical DEAH ATPase/helicase architecture complemented by a structurally unique carboxy-terminal domain (CTD). Structural comparisons of the nucleotide-free DHX37-RNA complex with DEAH helicases bound to RNA and ATP analogs reveal conformational changes resulting in a register shift in the bound RNA, suggesting a mechanism for ATP-dependent 3′–5′ RNA translocation. We further show that a conserved sequence motif in UTP14A interacts with and activates DHX37 by stimulating its ATPase activity and enhancing RNA binding. In turn, the CTD of DHX37 is required, but not sufficient, for interaction with UTP14A in vitro and is essential for ribosome biogenesis in vivo. Together, these results shed light on the mechanism of DHX37 and the function of UTP14A in controlling its recruitment and activity during ribosome biogenesis.
A Conclusive Analysis of the Finite-Time Behavior of the Discretized Pursuit Learning Automaton

This paper deals with the finite-time analysis (FTA) of learning automata (LA), which is a topic for which very little work has been reported in the literature. This is as opposed to the asymptotic steady-state analysis for which there are, probably, scores of papers. As clarified later, unarguably, the FTA of Markov chains, in general, and of LA, in particular, is far more complex than the asymptotic steady-state analysis. Such an FTA provides rigid bounds for the time required for the LA to attain to a given convergence accuracy. We concentrate on the FTA of the Discretized Pursuit Automaton (DPA), which is probably one of the fastest and most accurate reported LA. Although such an analysis was carried out many years ago, we record that the previous work is flawed. More specifically, in all brevity, the flaw lies in the wrongly “derived” monotonic behavior of the LA after a certain number of iterations. Rather, we claim that the property should be invoked is the submartingale property. This renders the proof to be much more involved and deep. In this paper, we rectify the flaw and reestablish the FTA based on such a submartingale phenomenon. More importantly, from the derived analysis, we are able to discover and clarify, for the first time, the underlying dilemma between the DPA’s exploitation and exploration properties. We also nontrivially confirm the existence of the optimal learning rate, which yields a better comprehension of the DPA itself.
Crime prevention and the British planning system: Operational relationships between planners and the police

The focus of this paper is the operational relationships between planners and Police Architectural Liaison Officers (ALOs) which are at the heart of the British Government’s desire to make crime prevention a key objective for planning. In particular, it reports a study undertaken in late 2004/early 2005 which seeks to capture the perceptions of professionals in these two groups of people about aspects of their working relationships. The significance of this is straightforward: if crime prevention is to become a key element in the planning process, this will depend on effective working relationships being established between planners and police ALOs which are clear both about what they are trying to achieve and about the processes they intend to use to this end. Thus, understanding police ALOs’ and planners’ perceptions of these issues, and of the state of development of their working relationships with each other, is important in seeking to track the progress of this Government initiative. To this end, the paper commences with a brief review of how crime prevention has come to be seen as a central element in the British planning system, introducing some of the key literature in the field as part of this process. It then looks at the range of practice circumstances in which this relationship is to be found. The method used to undertake the study is then described, after which key findings are presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of those findings and of their policy and practice implications. The British example may be of particular interest to international readers because it represents a very formalised attempt to get the planning system to address its contribution to crime prevention. This British attempt is characterised by a strong national policy drive and by sets of working relationships at the local level between police and planners. This paper looks at both of these areas of development.
The Clinical Features, Pathogenesis and Methotrexate Therapy of Chronic Chikungunya Arthritis

Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is an emerging viral infection that has spread widely, along with its Aedes vectors, throughout the tropics and beyond, causing explosive epidemics of acute illness and persistent disabling arthritis. The rheumatic symptoms associated with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection include polyarthralgia, polyarthritis, morning stiffness, joint edema, and erythema. Chronic CHIK arthritis (CCA) often causes severe pain and associated disability. The pathogenesis of CCA is not well understood. Proposed hypotheses include the persistence of a low level of replicating virus in the joints, the persistence of viral RNA in the synovium, and the induction of autoimmunity. In this review, we describe the main hypotheses of CCA pathogenesis, some of which support methotrexate (MTX) treatment which has been shown to be effective in preliminary studies in CCA.