Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endovascular versus Medical Management of Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Randomized Controlled Trials

Background and Purpose The optimal management of patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) compared to medical management (MM) for acute BAO through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs of patients with acute BAO. We analyzed the pooled effect of EVT compared to MM on the primary outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] of 0–3 at 3 months), secondary outcome (mRS 0–2 at 3 months), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and 3-month mortality rates. For each study, effect sizes were computed as odds ratios (ORs) with random effects and Mantel-Haenszel weighting. Results Four RCTs met inclusion criteria including 988 patients. There were higher odds of mRS of 0-3 at 90 days in the EVT versus MM group (45.1% vs. 29.1%, OR 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–3.80; P=0.04). Patients receiving EVT had a higher sICH compared to MM (5.4% vs. 0.8%, OR 7.89, 95% CI 4.10–15.19; P<0.01). Mortality was lower in the EVT group (35.5% vs. 45.1%, OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42–0.99; P=0.05). In an analysis of two trials with BAO patients and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) <10, there was no difference in 90-day outcomes between EVT versus MM. Conclusion In this systematic review and meta-analysis, EVT was associated with favorable outcome and decreased mortality in patients with BAO up to 24 hours from stroke symptoms compared to MM. The treatment effect in BAO patients with NIHSS <10 was less certain. Further studies are of interest to evaluate the efficacy of EVT in basilar occlusion patients with milder symptoms.
Random Burgers equation and Lagrangian systems in non-compact domains

In this paper we study stationary distributions for randomly forced Burgers and Hamilton–Jacobi equations in R d in the case when the forcing potentials have a large global maxima and a small global minima in a compact part of R d . W e also study the structure of minimizing trajectories for corresponding random Lagrangian systems.
Kelvin Waves and Internal Bores in the Marine Boundary Layer Inversion and Their Relationship to Coastally Trapped Wind Reversals

Abstract Detailed observations of a coastally trapped disturbance, or wind reversal, on 10–11 June 1994 along the California coast provide comprehensive documentation of its structure, based on aircraft, wind profiler, radio acoustic sounding system, and buoy measurements. Unlike the expectations from earlier studies based on limited data, which concluded that the deepening of the marine boundary layer (MBL) was a key factor, the 1994 data show that the perturbation was better characterized as an upward thickening of the inversion capping the MBL. As the event propagated over a site, the reversal in the alongshore wind direction occurred first within the inversion and then 3–4 h later at the surface. A node in the vertical structure (defined here as the altitude of zero vertical displacement) is found just above the inversion base, with up to 200-m upward displacements of isentropic surfaces above the node, and 70-m downward displacements below. Although this is a single event, it is shown that the vertic.
Profiling the Immune Response to Periprosthetic Joint Infection and Non-Infectious Arthroplasty Failure

Arthroplasty failure is a major complication of joint replacement surgery. It can be caused by periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) or non-infectious etiologies, and often requires surgical intervention and (in select scenarios) resection and reimplantation of implanted devices. Fast and accurate diagnosis of PJI and non-infectious arthroplasty failure (NIAF) is critical to direct medical and surgical treatment; differentiation of PJI from NIAF may, however, be unclear in some cases. Traditional culture, nucleic acid amplification tests, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic techniques for microbial detection have had success in differentiating the two entities, although microbiologically negative apparent PJI remains a challenge. Single host biomarkers or, alternatively, more advanced immune response profiling-based approaches may be applied to differentiate PJI from NIAF, overcoming limitations of microbial-based detection methods and possibly, especially with newer approaches, augmenting them. In this review, current approaches to arthroplasty failure diagnosis are briefly overviewed, followed by a review of host-based approaches for differentiation of PJI from NIAF, including exciting futuristic combinational multi-omics methodologies that may both detect pathogens and assess biological responses, illuminating causes of arthroplasty failure.
Boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a permeable exponentially shrinking surface with convective boundary condition using Buongiorno’s model

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to numerically solve the problem of steady boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a permeable exponentially shrinking surface with convective surface condition. The Buongiorno’s mathematical nanofluid model has been used. Design/methodology/approach – Using appropriate similarity transformations, the basic partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations. These equations have been solved numerically for different values of the governing parameters, stretching/shrinking parameter λ, suction parameter s, Prandtl number Pr, Lewis number Le, Biot number, the Brownian motion parameter Nb and the thermophoresis parameter Nt, using the bvp4c function from Matlab. The effects of these parameters on the reduced skin friction coefficient, heat transfer from the surface of the sheet, Sherwood number, dimensionless velocity, and temperature and nanoparticles volume fraction distributions are presented in tables and graphs, and are in details d.
Kynurenine Pathway in Diabetes Mellitus—Novel Pharmacological Target?

The tryptophan–kynurenine pathway (Trp–KYN) is the major route for tryptophan conversion in the brain and in the periphery. Kynurenines display a wide range of biological actions (which are often contrasting) such as cytotoxic/cytoprotective, oxidant/antioxidant or pro-/anti-inflammatory. The net effect depends on their local concentration, cellular environment, as well as a complex positive and negative feedback loops. The imbalance between beneficial and harmful kynurenines was implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric illnesses and metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite available therapies, DM may lead to serious macro- and microvascular complications including cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic renal disease, diabetic retinopathy, autonomic neuropathy or cognitive impairment. It is well established that low-grade inflammation, which often coincides with DM, can affect the function of KP and, conversely, that kynurenines may modulate the immune response. This review provides a detailed summary of findings concerning the status of the Trp–KYN pathway in DM based on available animal, human and microbiome studies. We highlight the importance of the molecular interplay between the deranged (functionally and qualitatively) conversion of Trp to kynurenines in the development of DM and insulin resistance. The Trp–KYN pathway emerges as a novel target in the search for preventive and therapeutic interventions in DM.
LOWER BOUNDS OF MIXING RATE FOR A CLASS OF MARKOV PROCESSES

Lower bounds of $\alpha$-mixing rate are established for particular models from a class of stationary Markov processes under recurrence conditions. The bounds are compared to previously known upper bounds of $\beta$-mixing rate in cases of polynomial and subexponential convergence. In the latter case, it is shown that the bounds are sharp.
Optimum Passive Bearing Estimation in a Spatially Incoherent Noise Environment

This paper studies the minimum bearing error attainable with a linear passive array. Signal and noise are stationary Gaussian processes with arbitrary power spectra, and the noise is assumed to be statistically independent from hydrophone to hydrophone. The Cramer‐Rao technique is used to set a lower bound on the rms bearing error and the results are compared with the bearing error of a slightly modified split‐beam tracker. The latter reaches the lower bound for a two‐element array and comes very close to reaching it for a linear array with an arbitrary number of equally spaced hydrophones. Thus, the modified split‐beam tracker is very nearly optimal for the uniformly spaced array. Comparisons of split‐beam tracker error with the Cramer‐Rao lower bound are also obtained for nonuniform hydrophone spacings.
Are characteristics of metropolis matters for structural transformation of provinces: A spatial approach in the case of Vietnam

Abstract This study analyzes the impact of metropolises on the structural transformation of provinces based on specific metropolises’ characteristics. Moran I index on the share of non-agricultural sectors in the economic structure is firstly employed to examine the spatial autocorrelation between provinces in Vietnam. Furthermore, the relationship between metropolises and the change in the economic structure of provinces is analyzed quantitatively using spatial panel data models based on data from the statistics yearbook of all 63 areas in the period 2015 to 2018. The research results confirm the role of metropolises in the process of structural transformation of the provinces. Provinces with a high proportion of non-agricultural sectors in the economic structure show the concentration around metropolises. The destination for migration, the origin of remittance, and the market for neighboring provinces, are the function of metropolises. These roles are seen as driving forces for off-farm activity through changes in the incomes of neighboring provinces. Accordingly, focusing on specific metropolises characteristics as well as enhancing regional connectivity will contribute to promoting effective provincial structural transformation.
Graph-Based Analysis of Brain Connectivity in Multiple Sclerosis Using Functional MRI: A Systematic Review

(1) Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune system disease in which myelin in the nervous system is affected. This abnormal immune system mechanism causes physical disabilities and cognitive impairment. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a common neuroimaging technique used in studying MS. Computational methods have recently been applied for disease detection, notably graph theory, which helps researchers understand the entire brain network and functional connectivity. (2) Methods: Relevant databases were searched to identify articles published since 2000 that applied graph theory to study functional brain connectivity in patients with MS based on fMRI. (3) Results: A total of 24 articles were included in the review. In recent years, the application of graph theory in the MS field received increased attention from computational scientists. The graph–theoretical approach was frequently combined with fMRI in studies of functional brain connectivity in MS. Lower EDSSs of MS stage were the criteria for most of the studies (4) Conclusions: This review provides insights into the role of graph theory as a computational method for studying functional brain connectivity in MS. Graph theory is useful in the detection and prediction of MS and can play a significant role in identifying cognitive impairment associated with MS.
Impact of Instagram Usage on Young Women’s Body Esteem: Mediating Role of Beauty Perception

This study investigated the effect of instagram usage on body esteem; whereas beauty perception was taken as a mediator between instagram usage and body esteem in young women. It was hypothesized that instagram usage, beauty perception and body esteem would be positively related. It was further hypothesized that beauty perception would mediate the relationship between instagram usage and body esteem. A sample of 210 young women aged 19-24 years was collected through purposive sampling technique from universities and colleges of Lahore. Instagram Intensity Scale (Trifiro, 2018), Broad Conceptualization of Beauty Scale (Tylka & Iannantuono, 2016) and Body Esteem Scale (Mendelson et al., 2001) were administered. All the scales showed satisfactory reliabilities ranging from . 74 to . 92. The result of Pearson Product Moment showed that beauty perception had significant positive relationship with body mass index. Mediation through analysis of moment structures revealed that beauty perception did not intervene the relationship between instagram usage and body esteem, implying a direct only non-mediation where instagram usage had direct influence on body esteem. Additionally, one-sample t-test results revealed that there were differences in young women regarding instagram usage, beauty perception, self-worth and body esteem. The findings were discussed in the light of existing literature and Pakistani sociocultural context.
Modeling Shock-accelerated Solar Energetic Particles Coupled to Interplanetary Alfvén Waves

We present an idealized model simulating the coupled evolution of the distributions of multispecies shock-accelerated energetic ions and interplanetary Alfvén waves in gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events. Particle pitch-angle diffusion coefficients are expressed in terms of wave intensities, and wave growth rates in terms of momentum gradients of SEP distributions, by the same quasilinear theory augmented with resonance broadening. The model takes into consideration various physical processes: for SEPs, particle motion, magnetic focusing, scattering by Alfvén waves, solar wind convection, and adiabatic deceleration; for the waves, WKB transport and amplification by streaming SEPs. Shock acceleration is heuristically represented by continuous injection of prescribed spectra of SEPs at a moving shock front. We show the model predictions for two contrasting sets of SEP source spectra, fast weakening and softening in one case and long lasting and hard in the other. The results presented include concurrent time histories of multispecies SEP intensities and elemental abundance ratios, as well as sequential snapshots of the following: SEP intensity energy spectra, Alfvén wave spectra, particle mean free paths as functions of rigidity, and spatial profiles of SEP intensities and mean free paths. Wave growth plays a key role in both cases, although the magnitude of the wave growth differs greatly, and quite different SEP abundance variations are obtained. In these simulations, the maximum wave growth rate is large, but small relative to the wave frequency, and everywhere the total wave magnetic energy density remains small relative to that of the background magnetic field. The simulations show that, as the energetic protons stream outward, they rapidly amplify the ambient Alfvén waves, by several orders of magnitude in the inner heliosphere. Energetic minor ions find themselves traveling through resonant Alfvén waves previously amplified by higher velocity protons. The nonuniformly growing wave spectra alter the rigidity dependence of particle scattering, resulting in complex time variations of SEP abundances at large distances from the Sun. The greatly amplified waves travel outward in an expanding and weakening "shell," creating an expanding and falling "reservoir" of SEPs with flat spatial intensity profiles behind, while in and beyond the shell the intensities drop steeply. The wave-particle resonance relation dynamically links the evolving characteristics of the SEP and Alfvén wave distributions in this new mode of SEP transport. We conclude that wave amplification, the counterpart to the scattering of streaming particles required by energy conservation, plays an essential role in the transport of SEPs in gradual SEP events. The steep proton-amplified wave spectra just upstream of the shock suggest that they may also be important in determining the elemental abundances of shock-accelerated SEP sources.
HSP70 and Primary Arterial Hypertension

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) production is a stress-generated cellular response with high interspecies homology. HSP70 has both chaperone and cytokine functions and may induce, depending on the context, tolerogenic anti-inflammatory reactivity or immunogenic and autoimmune reactivity. Intracellular (chaperoning transit of antigens to MHC in antigen-presenting cells) and extracellular HSP70-related effects are associated with hypertension, which is an inflammatory condition recognized as the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality. Here, we review (a) the relationship between HSP70, inflammation and immune reactivity, (b) clinical evidence relating to stress, HSP70 and anti-HSP70 reactivity with primary hypertension and (c) experimental data showing that salt-sensitive hypertension is associated with delayed hypersensitivity to HSP70. This is a consequence of anti-HSP70 reactivity in the kidneys and may be prevented and corrected by the T-cell-driven inhibition of kidney inflammation triggered by specific epitopes of HSP70. Finally, we discuss our postulate that lifelong stress signals and danger-associated molecular patterns stimulate HSP-70 and individual genetic and epigenetic characteristics determine whether the HSP70 response would drive inflammatory immune reactivity causing hypertension or, alternatively, would drive immunomodulatory responses that protect against hypertension.
The Grossberg Code: Universal Neural Network Signatures of Perceptual Experience

Two universal functional principles of Grossberg’s Adaptive Resonance Theory decipher the brain code of all biological learning and adaptive intelligence. Low-level representations of multisensory stimuli in their immediate environmental context are formed on the basis of bottom-up activation and under the control of top-down matching rules that integrate high-level, long-term traces of contextual configuration. These universal coding principles lead to the establishment of lasting brain signatures of perceptual experience in all living species, from aplysiae to primates. They are re-visited in this concept paper on the basis of examples drawn from the original code and from some of the most recent related empirical findings on contextual modulation in the brain, highlighting the potential of Grossberg’s pioneering insights and groundbreaking theoretical work for intelligent solutions in the domain of developmental and cognitive robotics.
Jute-basalt reinforced epoxy hybrid composites for lightweight structural automotive applications

The utilization of lightweight construction is one of the keys to increase the fuel efficiency and reduce the environmental effect of automobiles. Natural fiber composites are replacing expensive synthetic fibers increasingly commonly in the automotive sector. To further lower the weight and price of the vehicle without losing rigidity and strength, basalt (B) fiber could be incorporated into jute (J) fiber composites. For the generation of hybrid composite laminates, woven textiles made of J-fiber and B-fiber were combined with an epoxy matrix. The primary mechanical features of the J-B/epoxy composite laminates, including tensile, bending, shear, and bearing characteristics, were investigated. Hand lay-up approach was used to prepare the hybrid composite laminates. The impact of the number of J-plies relative to the number of B-plies on the mechanical properties was explored. The findings proved that the basalt/epoxy composite has the maximum ultimate tensile strength, young’s modulus, toughness modulus, bending strength, bending modulus, in-plane shear strength, and bearing strength. Whereas the J/epoxy composite showed the maximum failure strain and bending strain. Hybridizing J-fiber with B-fiber improved the tensile, bending, in-plane shear, and bearing characteristics of the prepared composite. The maximum specific tensile, bending, in-plane shear, and bearing strengths are displayed by 3B-2 J-3B, followed by 2B-4 J-2B.
Effect of Mechanical Vibrations on Coriolis Mass Flow Meters

An analytical study of the response of a simple Coriolis meter subjected to external mechanical vibrations and corresponding finite element studies of three commercially available meters are presented. These show that vibrations produce additional components in the meter sensor signals but that these components are only at the frequency of the vibrations. The results show that errors reported in vibration experiments, using any frequency except the meter drive frequency, are due to failure of the determination of the phase difference between the sensor signals. The results also show that external vibrations at the meter drive frequency produce a meter error regardless of the phase detection algorithm.
Polarization Doping in a GaN-InN System—Ab Initio Simulation

Polarization doping in a GaN-InN system with a graded composition layer was studied using ab initio simulations. The electric charge volume density in the graded concentration part was determined by spatial potential dependence. The emerging graded polarization charge was determined to show that it could be obtained from a polarization difference and the concentration slope. It was shown that the GaN-InN polarization difference is changed by piezoelectric effects. The polarization difference is in agreement with the earlier obtained data despite the relatively narrow bandgap for the simulated system. The hole generation may be applied in the design of blue and green laser and light-emitting diodes.
Remarks on the Centre of Shear

Die beiden gebrauchlichen Methoden zur Berechnung der Lage des Schubmittelpunktes geben verschiedene Resultate. Zweck der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, die Ursache dieser Diskrepanz zu untersuchen und Schranken fur die Grose des Unterschiedes anzugeben. The two usual methods for calculating the position of the center of shear give differing results. The purpose of the above paper is to examine the reasons for this discrepancy and to give limits for the quantity of the difference.
Corporate governance mechanisms and earnings management: The moderating role of female directors

Abstract The current study investigates how board gender diversity moderates the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms (CG) and earnings management (EM) practices of firms in sub-Saharan Africa. The study samples annual reports and financial statements of 52 firms from nine sub-Saharan African countries over a period of 2007 to 2019 giving a total of 676 observations. Panel data models are used in the analyses. The study finds that, board gender diversity matters and significantly moderates the relationship between CG and EM practices of firms in sub-Saharan Africa. The findings of the study support the agency theory proposition that the constraining effect of firms’ EM practices may be contingent on CG systems, particularly board gender diversity. The current study is the first African multi-cross-country study to introduce gender diversity as a moderating variable in the CG—EM nexus, thus extending the agency theory. It further contributes to the emergent advocacy for competent female representation on corporate boards so as to benefit from their essential characteristics and skills that drive their superior monitoring abilities, including EM monitoring.
Clustering for the Spectrum ofh-pseudodifferential Operators with Periodic Flow on an Energy Surface

Abstract We study the repartition of the eigenvalues of anh-pseudodifferential operator in a small neighbourhood of an energy where the Hamiltonian flow associated with the principal symbol of the operator is periodic. The proof is based on a geometric lemma and perturbation techniques to obtain the results from the known theorem in the case of a periodic flow in an energy band (B. Helffer and D. Robert,Ann. Inst. H. Poincare41(1984), 291–331).