Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rift‐related origin of the Paleoproterozoic Kuncha Formation, and cooling history of the Kuncha nappe and Taplejung granites, eastern Nepal Lesser Himalaya: a multichronological approach

In order to decipher the origin and tectonothermal history of the Kuncha nappe, we undertook a geological investigation in the Taplejung window in eastern Nepal, and carried out multichronological analyses of zircon, apatite, and mica of the Kuncha Formation and Taplejung granites. Three granite bodies that intrude into the Kuncha Formation show fission‐track (FT) ages of 6.2 to 4.8 Ma for zircon and 2.9 to 2.1 Ma for apatite, although the granites yielded zircon U–Pb ages of 1852 ± 24 Ma and 1877 ± 21 Ma, and muscovite 40Ar–39Ar ages of ca 1650 Ma. The U–Pb intercept age of detrital zircons from the Kuncha schist is 1888 ± 16 Ma, and this age represents a probable depositional age of the lower part of the Kuncha Formation. The FT ages of zircon and apatite from the same schist are found to be 5.4 and 2.5 Ma, respectively. No zircon younger than 1.6 Ga was identified from any of these samples. It means that the Kuncha nappe has never undergone thermal events after 1.6 Ga until the Himalayan orogeny in Miocene. The Kuncha Formation and overlying Kali Gandaki Supergroup as well as the Taplejung granites can be correlated with the Coronation Supergroup and the Hepburn intrusives in the Wopmay orogen, northwest Canada. They are interpreted to be deposits in the basins of continental rift system and subsequent passive‐margin settings. All the FT age data of zircon and apatite provide evidence that both the Kuncha nappe and overlying Crystalline nappe seem to have cooled laterally from the nappe front to the north. The FT ages from the front to central part of the nappe in Taplejung suggest that isotherm of 240°C, closure temperature of zircon FT, retreated toward north at about 10 mm/y during the middle to late Miocene and Pliocene.
Annual and Semiannual Cycles Based on the Middle Atmosphere Reference Model

The SCR/PMR monthly temperature mean values were Fourier analysed at each latitude and pressure level to obtain the annual mean and the amplitude and phase of the annual and semiannual cycles. The phase is the month of the maximum, such that 1 = January 1, 1.5 = January 16, 2 = February 1, etc. Some very marked hemispheric differences noted are: (1) at 80 N there is a maximum amplitude of the annual cycle of 26 K at 2.5 mb, the corresponding maximum at 80 S is much stronger (35 K) and at a lower altitude (11 mb); (2) the semiannual amplitudes show the well known maximum over the tropics in the upper stratosphere, but also maxima at high latitudes; and (3) the annual mean shows a minimum at 50 S, 1 mb, and a corresponding weaker minimum at 60 N. In general, the hemispheres are remarkably similar and six months out of phase above about 0.3 mb (56 km). The two hemispheres are significantly different especially in winter after allowing for a six month shift. Changes rom summer to winter are so large by comparison that the annual cycles appear to be very similar.
PENGARUH ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE TERHADAP ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE DAN ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2010—2012)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh kinerja lingkungan tehadap pengungkapan lingkungan dan pengaruh kinerja lingkungan terhadap kinerja ekonomi. Penelitian ini juga menguji profitabilitas dengan proxy return on equity sebagai variabel kontrol. Kinerja lingkungan diukur menggunakan PROPER, pengungkapan lingkungan diukur dengan daftar item pengungkapan yang digunakan Sembiring (2005), kinerja ekonomi diukur dengan menggunakan return tahunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling, jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 21 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat analisis data regresi berganda dengan bantuan perangkat lunak untuk statistik 16.0 versi SPSS. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah sekunder. Sebanyak 2 hipotesis diuji dalam penelitian ini menggunakan adalah analisis multiple regresion. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bukti empiris bahwa kinerja lingkungan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pengungkapan lingkungan. Namun demikian, Kinerja Lingkungan tidak berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap kinerja ekonomi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kinerja lingkungan memiliki pengaruh terhadap pengungkapan lingkungan. Kata kunci: kinerja lingkungan, pengungkapan lingkungan, kinerja ekonomi, PROPER, Bursa Efek Indonesia
Structural assessment of Mount Etna volcano from Permanent Scatterers analysis

A study of the deformation pattern of Mount Etna volcano based on the results from the Permanent Scatterers (PS) technique is reported. Ground motion data provided by the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) PS technique from 1995 to 2000 are compared and validated by GPS data. An analysis of the ascending and descending line of sight (LOS) components of ground velocities has yielded detailed ground deformation maps and cross sections. This analysis allows detection and constraint of discontinuities in the surface velocity field. LOS velocities have then been combined to calculate the vertical and horizontal (E‐W) ground velocities. A wide inflation of the edifice has been detected on the western and northern flanks (over an area of about 350 km2). A seaward motion of the eastern and southern flanks has also been measured. PS data allows the geometry and kinematics of the several blocks composing the unstable flanks to be defined even in the highly urbanized areas, and their displacement rates have been measured with millimeter precision. This analysis reveals the extension of some features beyond their field evidences and defines new important features. The results of this work depict a new comprehensive kinematic model of the volcano highlighting the gravitational reorganization of the unbuttressed volcanic pile on its slippery clay basement on the southern flank, but an additional drag force due to a strong subsidence of the continental margin facing the Etna volcano is necessary to explain the PS velocity field observed on the eastern flank.
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) simulations of climate following volcanic eruptions

[1] The ability of the climate models submitted to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) database to simulate the Northern Hemisphere winter climate following a large tropical volcanic eruption is assessed. When sulfate aerosols are produced by volcanic injections into the tropical stratosphere and spread by the stratospheric circulation, it not only causes globally averaged tropospheric cooling but also a localized heating in the lower stratosphere, which can cause major dynamical feedbacks. Observations show a lower stratospheric and surface response during the following one or two Northern Hemisphere (NH) winters, that resembles the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Simulations from 13 CMIP5 models that represent tropical eruptions in the 19th and 20th century are examined, focusing on the large-scale regional impacts associated with the large-scale circulation during the NH winter season. The models generally fail to capture the NH dynamical response following eruptions. They do not sufficiently simulate the observed post-volcanic strengthened NH polar vortex, positive NAO, or NH Eurasian warming pattern, and they tend to overestimate the cooling in the tropical troposphere. The findings are confirmed by a superposed epoch analysis of the NAO index for each model. The study confirms previous similar evaluations and raises concern for the ability of current climate models to simulate the response of a major mode of global circulation variability to external forcings. This is also of concern for the accuracy of geoengineering modeling studies that assess the atmospheric response to stratosphere-injected particles.
Effect of Different Levels of NPK Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Greenhouse Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus) By Using Drip Irrigation Technology

The present research work was conducted to find out the cucumber response to water soluble NPK (20-20-20) compound fertilizer by using drip irrigation technology in available agro-ecological conditions of Western Region of Abu Dhabi – UAE. In this study different production scenarios were studied for the safe keeping of the greenhouse cucumbers. It is one of the most important summer vine vegetable crop, and been rated suitable for greenhouse cultivation in comparison with traditional agricultural practices. Due to such controlled atmospheric conditions in greenhouses the yield and quality of cucumbers maintained. Greenhouse is composed of a network of Galvanized pipes and plastic sheets.
Distribution and formation of chlorides and phyllosilicates in Terra Sirenum, Mars

The Terra Sirenum region of Mars, located in the Noachian southern highlands, is mineralogically diverse, providing unique insight into ancient aqueous processes. Analyses of remote sensing data over the region indicate the presence of both Fe‐ or Mg‐rich phyllosilicates and a spectrally unique deposit interpreted to be rich in chloride salts. The stratigraphic relationships indicate that the phyllosilicates are part of the ancient highland crust and that the salts were deposited at a later time. In some instances, there is clear morphological evidence that salts were mobilized and deposited by near‐surface waters.
Finite Sample Properties of Some Alternative Gmm Estimators

We investigate the small-sample properties of three alternative generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators of asset-pricing models. The estimators that we consider include ones in which the weighting matrix is iterated to convergence and ones in which the weighting matrix is changed with each choice of the parameters. Particular attention is devoted to assessing the performance of the asymptotic theory for making inferences based directly on the deterioration of GMM criterion functions.
Chapter 17 The Kaigas and Numees formations, Port Nolloth Group, in South Africa and Namibia

Abstract The Port Nolloth Group makes up the eastern, external part of the Pan-African Gariep Belt (Port Nolloth Zone) in southern Namibia and western South Africa. It contains two glaciogenic diamictite units, the older Kaigas Formation and the younger Numees Formation, with intercalated and overlying carbonate-dominated units. Available chemostratigraphic information include O, C and Sr isotope data. Micropalaeontological and geochronological data point to an early Cryogenian age (c. 750 Ma) of the Kaigas Formation and possibly a middle Ediacaran age (c. 580 Ma) for the Numees Formation. The former was deposited in an evolving, but eventually failed, continental rift on the western flank of the Kalahari Craton, probably at low latitude. The Numees Formation is a laterally continuous, up to 600-m-thick glaciomarine deposit for which a passive continental margin setting has been suggested. Alternatively, based on more recent data, the depositional setting might have been a back-arc basin. The eroded remnants of the corresponding arc are present in the Dom Feliciano Belt.
Combining SAR and AVHRR to understand sea ice dynamics in the seasonal and perennial ice zones of the Beaufort and Chukchi seas

In this paper, we discuss the use of three data analysis techniques for understanding sea ice dynamics at the regional scale during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) Experiment in the winter of 1998. The satellite data consist of SAR and AVHRR, and the techniques used include: 1) hue-intensity saturation (HIS); 2) Radarsat Geophysical Processor System (RGPS) ice tracking; 3) measurements of sea ice deformation in the seasonal ice zone (SIZ) and the perennial ice zone (PIZ) of the Beaufort and Chukchi seas. We then discuss the results of data analyses using these techniques and the importance of the observations in understanding the behavior of the SIZ and PIZ, and the implications these observations have for understanding and modeling ice dynamics in this region.
Enhancing Executive Control: Attention to Balance, Breath, and the Speed Versus Accuracy Tradeoff

Malleability of executive control and its enhancement through yoga training is unclear. In Study 1, participants (yoga group; n = 27, mean = 23.27 years) were tested on executive control tasks pre- and post-8 weeks of yoga training. The training focused on attention to postural control during yoga asanas and respiratory control during pranayama-breathing (30 min each of postural and breath control training, biweekly). Yoga training was assessed via performance ratings as to how well a posture was executed and by examining errors that reflected inattention/failures in postural and breath control. We also explored whether attentional demands on motor and respiratory control were associated with three components of executive control (working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition) during nine executive control tasks. Partial correlation results revealed that the three components of executive control might be differentially impacted by postural and breath control and selectively associated with either speed or accuracy (except for cognitive flexibility). Attentional demands influenced the link between postural, breath, and cognitive control. In Study 2, comparisons between a yoga group and a gender-matched control group (control group; n = 27, mean = 23.33 years) pointed toward higher working memory accuracy and a better speed–accuracy tradeoff in inhibitory control in the yoga group. A ceiling-practice effect was addressed by examining yoga practice learning (i.e., practice-induced change in postural and breath control reflected in ratings and errors) on executive control performance across two sets of tasks: repeatedly tested (pre- and post-8 weeks) and non-repeatedly tested (post-8 weeks). Attention to motor and respiratory control during yoga might be considered as a potential mechanism through which specific components of executive control in young adults might be enhanced potentially via altering of speed–accuracy tradeoff.
Coupled 3‐D stream flow and hyporheic flow model under varying stream and ambient groundwater flow conditions in a pool‐riffle system

Exchange of water and solutes across the stream‐sediment interface is an important control for biogeochemical transformations in the hyporheic zone (HZ). In this paper, we investigate the interplay between turbulent stream flow and HZ flow in pool‐riffle streams under various ambient groundwater flow conditions. Streambed pressures, derived from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, are assigned at the top of the groundwater model, and fluxes at the bottom of the groundwater model domain represent losing and gaining conditions. Simulations for different Reynolds numbers (Re) and pool‐riffle morphologies are performed. Results show increasing hyporheic exchange flows (m3/d) for larger Re and a concurrent decrease in residence time (RT). Losing and gaining conditions were found to significantly affect the hyporheic flow field and diminish its spatial extent as well as rates of hyporheic exchange flow. The fraction of stream water circulating through the hyporheic zone is in the range of 1 × 10−5 to 1 × 10−6 per meter stream length, decreasing with increasing discharge. Complex distributions of pressure across the streambed cause significant lateral hyporheic flow components with a mean lateral travel distance of 20% of the longitudinal flow paths length. We found that the relationship between pool‐riffle height and hyporheic exchange flow is characterized by a threshold in pool‐riffle amplitude, beyond which hyporheic exchange flow becomes independent of riffle height. Hyporheic residence time distributions (RTD) are log‐normally distributed with medians ranging between 0.7 and 19 h.
Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems : Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues

Knowledge is a broad and abstract notion that has defined epistemological debate in western philosophy since the classical Greek era. In the past ' ~ i cha rdWatson was the accepting senior editor for this paper. 'MISQ Review articles survey, conceptualize, and synthesize prior MIS research and set directions for future research. For more details see http:llwww.misq. orglmisreviewlannounce.html few years, however, there has been a growing interest in treating knowledge as a significant organizational resource. Consistent with the interest in organizational knowledge and knowledge management (KM), IS researchers have begun promoting a class of information systems, referred to as knowledge management systems (KMS). The objective of KMS is to support creation, transfer, and application of knowledge in organizations. Knowledge and knowledge management are complex and multi-faceted concepts. Thus, effective development and implementation of KMS requires a foundation in several rich
Linearity analysis in pipeline A/D converters

A method for estimating integral nonlinearity (INL) in pipeline analog‐to‐digital converters is presented. In this method, errors in each stage are modeled by an equivalent input‐referred gain error and an input‐referred nonlinearity. For a switched capacitor implementation, the proposed model predicts the maximum statistical INL in terms of capacitor mismatch and also provides an exact formula for INL in terms of finite gain of operational amplifiers. Using this model, it is proved that a high per‐stage resolution reduces the power consumption in low‐speed converters, whereas in high‐speed circuits 1.5‐bit or 2.5‐bit stage is more advantageous. It is also shown that when voltage swing is below 1 V, the lower limit for the size of the capacitors is mainly determined by thermal noise rather than by INL. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model-based analysis of meteorological processes important for North African dust emission

Dust aerosol is abundant and important in the Earth system due to its influence on the radiation balance, the hydrological cycle, human health and ecosystems. Reducing the currently large uncertainties in dust effects requires realistic simulations of the lifecycle of dust aerosol which depends on the time, location and amount of dust emission. Emission estimates from models show a large variety, the reduction of which requires a systematic evaluation of dust-emitting winds. Different processes are known, but their relative importance was previously poorly quantified. This work investigates dust-emitting winds in North Africa based on single meteorological processes which helps guiding future model development. Based on 32 years of ERA-Interim data and a dust model, the emission amounts associated with nocturnal low-level jets (NLLJs), atmospheric depressions and mobile, long-lived cyclones are estimated climatologically for the first time. The results highlight NLLJs as an important driver for dust emission, particularly in the Bodele Depression during winter. Associated maxima in mid-morning emission underline the importance of temporally high-resolved winds for dust modelling. ERA-Interim systematically underestimates NLLJ core wind speeds, likely due to artificially increased mixing in stable boundary layers. Derived emission frequencies over the Bodele Depression agree well with observations, but differ elsewhere.Atmospheric depressions, often in the form of heat lows and lee depressions, occur frequently and coincide with the majority of dust emission. Few depressions develop into mobile and long-lived cyclones which coincide with particularly intense events. The largest emission fractions associated with cyclones are found in northeast Africa during spring, primarily at day with a small emission reduction by soil moisture. Smaller West African areas show similar fractions, likely associated with nearsurface signatures of African Easterly Waves. Comparing results derived from ERA-Interim against the Earth system model of the UK Met Office shows considerable disagreement in NLLJ core wind speeds and dust emissions. In depth analysis underlines the urgency for model development that improves the synoptic-scale conditions and the stable boundary layer. Such model improvements hold the potential to advance the scientific understanding of dust aerosol in the Earth system
Stratospheric Communication of El Niño Teleconnections to European Winter

The stratospheric role in the European winter surface climate response to El Nino–Southern Oscillation sea surface temperature forcing is investigated using an intermediate general circulation model with a well-resolved stratosphere. Under El Nino conditions, both the modeled tropospheric and stratospheric mean-state circulation changes correspond well to the observed “canonical” responses of a late winter negative North Atlantic Oscillation and a strongly weakened polar vortex, respectively. The variability of the polar vortex is modulated by an increase in frequency of stratospheric sudden warming events throughout all winter months. The potential role of this stratospheric response in the tropical Pacific–European teleconnection is investigated by sensitivity experiments in which the mean state and variability of the stratosphere are degraded. As a result, the observed stratospheric response to El Nino is suppressed and the mean sea level pressure response fails to resemble the temporal and spatial evolution of the observations. The results suggest that the stratosphere plays an active role in the European response to El Nino. A saturation mechanism whereby for the strongest El Nino events tropospheric forcing dominates the European response is suggested. This is examined by means of a sensitivity test and it is shown that under large El Nino forcing the European response is insensitive to stratospheric representation.
A 308 year record of climate variability in West Antarctica

We present a new stable isotope record from Ellsworth Land which provides a valuable 308 year record (1702–2009) of climate variability from coastal West Antarctica. Climate variability at this site is strongly forced by sea surface temperatures and atmospheric pressure in the tropical Pacific and related to local sea ice conditions. The record shows that this region has warmed since the late 1950s, at a similar magnitude to that observed in the Antarctic Peninsula and central West Antarctica; however, this warming trend is not unique. More dramatic isotopic warming (and cooling) trends occurred in the mid‐nineteenth and eighteenth centuries, suggesting that at present, the effect of anthropogenic climate drivers at this location has not exceeded the natural range of climate variability in the context of the past ~300 years.