Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regularity and classification of solutions to static Hartree equations involving fractional Laplacians

In this paper, we are concerned with the fractional order equations (1) with Hartree type \begin{document}$ \dot{H}^{\frac{α}{2}} $\end{document} -critical nonlinearity and its equivalent integral equations (3). We first prove a regularity result which indicates that weak solutions are smooth (Theorem 1.2). Then, by applying the method of moving planes in integral forms, we prove that positive solutions \begin{document}$ u $\end{document} to (1) and (3) are radially symmetric about some point \begin{document}$ x_{0}∈\mathbb{R}^{d} $\end{document} and derive the explicit forms for \begin{document}$ u $\end{document} (Theorem 1.3 and Corollary 1). As a consequence, we also derive the best constants and extremal functions in the corresponding Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequalities (Corollary 2).
Modelling and numerical methods for the study of particle transport in a hot plasma

Angular moments models represent alternative descriptions situated in between the kinetic and the fluid models. In this work, angular moments models based on an entropy minimisation principle are considered for plasma physics applications. This manuscript is organised in three parts. The first one is a contribution to plasma physics modelling within the formalism of angular moments models. The validity domain of angular moments models in collisionless regimes is studied. It is also shown that the collisional operators proposed for the M1 angular moments model enable to recover accurate plasma transport coefficients. The second part of this document deals with the derivation of numerical methods for the long timescales particle transport. Appropriate asymptotic-preserving numerical schemes are designed for the M1 angular moments model and numerical validations are performed. The third part represents a first important step toward multi-species modelling. The M1 angular moments model in a moving frame is introduced and applied to rarefied gas dynamics. The model properties are highlighted, a numerical scheme is proposed and a numerical validation is carried out.
Coherence quantifiers from the viewpoint of their decreases in the measurement process

Measurements can be considered as a genuine example of processes that crush quantum coherence. In the case of an observable with degeneracy, the formulations of Lüders and von Neumann are known. These pictures postulate the two different states of a system immediately following the act of measurement. Hence, they are associated with divers variants of coherence losses during the measurement. Recent studies have focused on several ways to characterize quantum coherence appropriately. One of the existing types of quantifier is based on quantum α-divergences of the Tsallis type. In this paper, we introduce coherence quantifiers associated with the Lüders picture of quantum measurements. The are shown to satisfy the same properties as coherence α-quantifiers related to some orthonormal basis. Further, we consider losses of quantum coherence during a generalized measurement. The proposed approach is exemplified with unambiguous state discrimination; extreme properties of the states to be discriminated are clearly shown.
Exploration of Large Networks via Fast and Universal Latent Space Model Fitting

Latent space models are effective tools for statistical modeling and exploration of network data. These models can effectively model real world network characteristics such as degree heterogeneity, transitivity, homophily, etc. Due to their close connection to generalized linear models, it is also natural to incorporate covariate information in them. The current paper presents two universal fitting algorithms for networks with edge covariates: one based on nuclear norm penalization and the other based on projected gradient descent. Both algorithms are motivated by maximizing likelihood for a special class of inner-product models while working simultaneously for a wide range of different latent space models, such as distance models, which allow latent vectors to affect edge formation in flexible ways. These fitting methods, especially the one based on projected gradient descent, are fast and scalable to large networks. We obtain their rates of convergence for both inner-product models and beyond. The effectiveness of the modeling approach and fitting algorithms is demonstrated on five real world network datasets for different statistical tasks, including community detection with and without edge covariates, and network assisted learning.
Smart visual sensors for real-time image processing and pattern recognition based upon human visual system characteristics (matrix inversion, subtractive inhibition, multiple spatial filtering)

To design lightweight smart sensor systems which are capable of outputting motion-invariant features useful for automatic pattern recognition systems, we must turn to the simultaneous image processing and feature extraction capability of the human visual system (HVS) to enable operation in real time, on a mobile platform, and in a "natural environment. " This dissertation studies the smart sensor problem, develops new concepts, supported by simulation, and discusses research areas for further exploration. An n('2) parallel data throughput architecture implemented through a hardwired algotecture which accomplishes, without computation, an equivalent logarithmic coordinate mapping is presented. The algotecture mapping provides, at the sensor level, the ability to change scales and rotations in the input plane to shifts in the algotecture mapped space. The resulting invariant leading edge is shown to possess an intensity preserving property for arbitrary variations of image size. The sensitivity of the algotecture to center mismatch is discussed in terms of the difference between coordinate and functional transformation methods. A mathematical link between the lateral subtractive inhibition (SI) and multiple spatial filtering (MSF) mechanisms of the HVS coexist and function simultaneously. The feature extraction filter in visual neurophysiology, known as the novelty filter, is identified to be the first feedback term of an iterative expansion of the sensory mapping point spread function. The use of the algotecture space combined with the image plane MSF approach is explored for detection and classification using template crosscorrelation methods of recognition. The concept of using a three spatial frequency band model, based upon HVS physiological and psychophysical data, for an intra-class, and inter-class, and a membership identification classification scheme is introduced. This concept is extended to represent the feature vector entries for, not only each spatial frequency band, but for each image view angle in the recognition library. A new algorithm for implementing an intelligent enormous matrix inversion is proposed. Such an inverse problem exists in the solution of the negative feedback equation for SI and has a form that lends itself easily to parallel processing. The solution provides for a means to solve the inversion even though one of the partitioned submatrices is singular. Procedures are given to construct a partition tree which is analogous to quadtree partitioning methods in image processing. Finally a simple matrix inversion example is worked out to demonstrate how the algorithm works.
Path oscillations and enhanced drag of light rising spheres

The dynamics of light spheres rising freely under buoyancy in a large expanse of viscous fluid at rest at infinity is investigated numerically. For this purpose, the computational approach developed by Mougin & Magnaudet (Intl J. Multiphase Flow, vol. 28, 2002, pp. 1837–1851) is improved to account for the instantaneous viscous loads induced by the translational and rotational sphere accelerations, which play a crucial role in the dynamics of very light spheres. A comprehensive map of the rise regimes encountered up to Reynolds numbers (based on the sphere diameter and mean rise velocity) of the order of $10^{3}$ is set up by varying independently the body-to-fluid density ratio and the relative magnitude of inertial and viscous effects in approximately 250 distinct combinations. These computations confirm or reveal the presence of several distinct periodic regions on the route to chaos, most of which only exist within a finite range of the sphere relative density and Reynolds number. The wake structure is analysed in these various regimes, evidencing the existence of markedly different shedding modes according to the style of path. The variation of the drag force with the flow parameters is also examined, revealing that only one of the styles of path specific to very light spheres yields a non-standard drag behaviour, with drag coefficients significantly larger than those measured on a fixed sphere under equivalent conditions. The outcomes of this investigation are compared with available experimental and numerical results, evidencing points of consensus and disagreement.
Internal Branding and the Competitive Performance of Private Universities in Ghana

The objective of this paper is in three fold. First, to examine the inter-relationship between internal branding and performance of private universities. Second, to examine customer-based brand equity (CBBE) antecedents in predicting the performance of private universities. Third, to examine the effect of internal branding on the performance of private universities when brand loyalty levels are high among students. The sample comprises 213 male and 234 female students studying at various private universities in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. In order to have fair representation of students from all levels of classification from all the private universities in Accra, convenience sampling was purposefully used to collect data from undergraduate students in the private universities sampled. The result of the study indicated that the dimensions of brand equity and private universities’ performance are positively related. The regression analyses indicate that there is a positively related predictive power of private universities performance by brand association and brand loyalty. However, the study did not find brand awareness and perceived quality to be positively related. The conclusion of the study is that the performance of private universities’ and brand equity depends on the high loyalty among students.
Contributions to the geomagnetic secular variation from a reanalysis of core surface dynamics

We invert for motions at the surface of Earth's core under spatial and temporal constraints that depart from the mathematical smoothings usually employed to ensure spectral convergence of the flow solutions. Our spatial constraints are derived from geodynamo simulations. The model is advected in time using stochastic differential equations coherent with the occurrence of geomagnetic jerks. Together with a Kalman filter, these spatial and temporal constraints enable the estimation of core flows as a function of length and time-scales. From synthetic experiments, we find it crucial to account for subgrid errors to obtain an unbiased reconstruction. This is achieved through an augmented state approach. We show that a significant contribution from diffusion to the geomagnetic secular variation should be considered even on short periods, because diffusion is dynamically related to the rapidly changing flow below the core surface. Our method, applied to geophysical observations over the period 1950-2015, gives access to reasonable solutions in terms of misfit to the data. We highlight an important signature of diffusion in the Eastern equatorial area, where the eccentric westward gyre reaches low latitudes, in relation with important up/down-wellings. Our results also confirm that the dipole decay, observed over the past decades, is primarily driven by advection processes. Our method allows us to provide probability densities for forecasts of the core flow and the secular variation.
A Benchmark for Controllable Text -Image-to-Video Generation

Automatic video generation is a challenging research topic, attracting interests from different perspectives, including Image-to-Video generation (I2V), Video-to-Video generation (V2V), and Text-to-Video generation (T2V). To pursue more controllable and fine-grained video generation, a novel video generation task, named Text-Image-to-Video generation (TI2V), and a corresponding baseline solution, named Motion Anchor-based video Generator (MAGE), were proposed. However, two other factors, namely clean datasets and reliable evaluation metrics, also play important roles in the success of the TI2V task. In this article, we present a complete benchmark for the TI2V task which includes synthetic video-text paired datasets, a baseline method, and two evaluation metrics. More specifically: (1) Two versions of synthetic datasets are built based on CATER containing rich combinations of objects and actions, as well as the resulting changes of brightness and shadow. We also provide both explicit and ambiguous text descriptions to support deterministic and diverse video generation, respectively. (2) A refined version of MAGE, dubbed MAGE+, is proposed with an innovative motion anchor structure to store appearance-motion aligned representation, which can be further injected with explicit condition and implicit randomness to model the uncertainty in data distribution. (3) To evaluate the quality of generated video especially given ambiguous description, we introduce action precision and referring expression precision to assess the quality of motion based on captioning-and-matching method. Experiments conducted on proposed datasets, as well as relevant datasets, verify the effectiveness of our baseline and show appealing potentials of TI2V task.
Head and Neck Lymphomas in Jos University Teaching Hospital Nigeria: A Five Year Review

: Introduction : Lymphomas are heterogeneous group of lymphoid tissues traditionally categorized as either Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) or Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL). The head and neck region is rich in lymphoid tissues, thus a fertile anatomic site for the development of lymphoid proliferative diseases like lymphomas. In the head and neck, malignant lymphomas account for 5% of all malignant neoplasm; Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) is the most common accounting for 75%. The clinical behaviour and manifestations of Lymphomas in the head and neck lack specific characteristics that would enable attribution to a specific lymphoma entity without biopsy and histological evidence. Materials and Methods : It is a 5 year retrospective study of confirmed histopathological analysis of head and neck lymphomas from 1 st January 2017 to31 st December 2021. Case notes of all histopathologically confirmed head and neck lymphomas were retrieved from the medical records department and also theatre records as supportive data were analysed for age, sex, histological diagnosis, tumour site, duration of symptoms before presentation and treatment modality; and then discussed. Results :- The total number of patients seen during the period under review was 1678, 16 patients had histopathologically confirmed lymphomas out of 388 patients with head and neck tumours, thus prevalence of 0.1% and 4.1% of all head and neck tumours. Male to Female ratio of 5:1, age range of 4 to 62 years, mean age of 29 years. Most common tumour site is the cervical region-315; the most frequently seen histological type is the Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and the most common duration of symptom before presentation is over 1 year-50%. All patients had chemotherapy as a treatment modality. Conclusion : This study reveals the management challenges of the head and neck lymphomas are due to late presentation, financial constraints and ignorance. Health awareness and adequate Health Insurance Policy are needed to cope or mitigate these problems.
Existence and exponential stability of the piecewise pseudo almost periodic mild solution for some partial impulsive stochastic neutral evolution equations

In the present paper, we first introduce the concept of double measure r$$ r $$ ‐mean piecewise pseudo almost periodic for stochastic processes for r≥2$$ r\ge 2 $$ . Next, we make extensive use of the exponential dichotomy techniques and a fixed point strategy with stochastic analysis theory to obtain the existence of doubly measure r$$ r $$ ‐mean piecewise pseudo almost periodic mild solutions for a class of impulsive non‐autonomous partial stochastic evolution equations in Hilbert spaces. In addition, we study the exponential stability of r$$ r $$ ‐mean piecewise pseudo almost periodic mild solutions. Finally, we give an example to confirm the reliability and feasibility of our findings.
Single‐site robotic cholecystectomy versus single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The possibilities of minimally invasive cholecystectomy have emerged since the beginning of single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) and single‐site robotic cholecystectomy (SSRC). This study aimed to compare the feasibility, safety, and pain scores between SSRC and SILC.
The Critical Shear Crack Theory for punching design: From a mechanical model to closed-form design expressions

The Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT) is a consistent approach used for shear design of one- and two-way slabs failing in shear and punching shear respectively. The theory is based on a mechanical model allowing to determine the amount of shear force that can be carried by cracked concrete accounting for the opening and roughness of a critical shear crack leading to failure. The theory was first developed for punching design of slab-column connections without shear reinforcement. Its principles were later extended to other cases such as slabs with shear reinforcement, fibre-reinforced concrete or slabs strengthened with CFRP strips and one-way slabs without shear reinforcement. The generality, accuracy and ease-of-use of this theory led to its implementation into design codes (such as the fib Model Code 2010 or the Swiss Code for concrete structures). The design expressions of the CSCT consist of a failure criterion and a load-deformation relationship, whose intersection defines the load and the deformation capacity at punching failure. They are clear and physically understandable, and can be written in a compact manner to be used for design of new structures. With respect to the assessment of the maximum punching capacity, the conventional design expressions of the CSCT can also be used, although they required to be solved iteratively. In order to enhance the usability of the design equations of the CSCT, particularly for the punching assessment of existing structures, this paper presents closed-form design expressions developed within the frame of the CSCT. These expressions allow for direct design and assessment of the failure load. The closed-form expressions keep the generality and advantages of the CSCT approach, but they allow for a faster and more convenient use in practice. In this paper, the derivation of these expressions on the basis of the CSCT principles is presented as well as its benefits and comparison to experimental results and the original design formulation.
Comparison of the effects of preoperative celecoxib and gabapentin on pain, functional recovery, and quality of life after total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: Acute pain is one of the main complaints of patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which causes delayed mobility, increased morphine consumption, and subsequently increased costs. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the preventive effect of preoperative celecoxib and gabapentin on reducing patient pain as a primary outcome after TKA surgery. Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial was performed on 270 patients with osteoarthritis that were candidates for TKA surgery allocated into three groups. In the first group, 900 mg of gabapentin was administered orally on a daily basis for 3 days before surgery. In the second group, 200 mg of oral celecoxib was administered twice daily for 3 days before surgery. In the third group, oral placebo was administered twice daily for 3 days before the surgery. The patients’ pain score and knee and its functional score were recoded. Results: The mean of reduction pain in gabapentin and celecoxib groups was significantly lower than that of the control group at 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery (P < 0.001); however, two groups were not significantly different from each other (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the two medication groups were not significantly different in this regard (P > 0.05). In addition, the knee score in the gabapentin group with the means of 85.40 ± 5.47 and the celecoxib group with the means of 87.03 ± 3.97 were significantly higher than those of the control group with the means of 78.90 ± 4.39 in the 1st month after the surgery (P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the preventive administration of gabapentin and celecoxib showed a significant and similar effectiveness on reducing patient pain after TKA surgery and on improving the KSS and quality of life scores.
Infection-Associated Mortality During Induction Chemotherapy in Group B Intermediate-Risk Pediatric Burkitt’s Lymphoma

Background Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in the pediatric population has significant burden in developing countries. Infection-related complications during the induction chemotherapy phase pose a major challenge and contribute to high mortality rates due to a severely immunocompromised state. However, there is scarce data on the etiologies and optimal management strategies for infection-related mortality in pediatric BL patients, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that included a total of 116 pediatric patients with intermediate-risk BL. All patients were treated based on the Children’s Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG) 2020 guidelines. Data on patient demographics, presenting symptoms, diagnosis, infectious etiologies, and outcomes were collected. Infection-related complications and mortality were monitored during the induction chemotherapy period. The results of relevant culture reports were tabulated and data were analyzed. Results Among the 116 included patients, 61.1% were males with a mean age of 4.83 ± 2.12 years. Abdominal BL was the most common anatomical location. During the induction period, 66 patients (56.9%) had culture-proven infections, resulting in 33 deaths (28.4%). Fever was the predominant presenting symptom in all patients, followed by vomiting (57.6%), loose stools (42.4%), and cough (18.2%). Neutropenic colitis, sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis were among the diagnosed infections. Hospital-acquired bacterial infections, including multi-drug resistant gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, were the main cause of mortality, with fungal infections and cytomegalovirus viremia also identified in a few patients. Conclusions This study highlights the urgent need for improved management strategies in pediatric BL patients in Pakistan to reduce infection-related complications and mortality rates, emphasizing the importance of context-specific approaches for infection prevention and management.