Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Typing, Antibiogram and PCR-RFLP Based Detection of Aeromonas hydrophila Complex Isolated from Oreochromis niloticus

Motile Aeromonas septicemia is a common bacterial disease that affects Oreochromis niloticus and causes tremendous economic losses globally. In order to investigate the prevalence, molecular typing, antibiogram and the biodiversity of Aeromonas hydrophila complex, a total of 250 tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected randomly from 10 private tilapia farms (25 fish/farm) at El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The collected fish were subjected to clinical and bacteriological examinations. The majority of infected fish displayed ulcerative necrosis, exophthalmia, and internal signs of hemorrhagic septicemia. The prevalence of A. hydrophia complex was 13.2%, where the liver was the most predominant affected organ (54.1%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to verify the identification of A. hydrophila complex using one set of primers targeting gyrB as well as the detection of virulent genes (aerA, alt, and ahp). All isolates were positive for the gyrB-conserved gene and harbored aerA and alt virulence genes. However, none of those isolates were positive for the ahp gene. The antimicrobial sensitivity was carried out, where the recovered strains were completely sensitive to ciprofloxacin and highly resistant to amoxicillin. All retrieved strains showed the same phenotypic characteristics and were identical based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Experimentally challenged fish presented a high mortality rate (76.67%) and showed typical signs as in naturally infected ones. In conclusion, the synergism of phenotypic and genotypic characterization is a valuable epidemiological tool for the diagnosis of A. hydrophila complex. RFLP is a fundamental tool for monitoring the biodiversity among all retrieved strains of A. hydrophia.
Maternal health service utilization in urban slums of selected towns in Ethiopia: Qualitative study

Abstract Introduction: Although Ethiopia is one of the least urbanized countries in the world, the pace at which urbanization increases is unprecedented. During the last twenty years, urbanization has expanded rapidly and is estimated to be at 38% in 2050 from the current proportion of 19%. Despite the fact that urbanization is associated with relatively, better access to social services including health, residents in urban setting are believed to suffer from health disparities in health indicators such as use of Antenatal care (ANC), institutional delivery and postpartum care (PNC). This study aims to identify reasons why urban women fail to use available maternal health services in selected urban settings in Ethiopia. Methods: A qualitative study using focus group discussions and in-depth interview was conducted in six purposively selected urban settings such as Adama, Dire Dawa, Hawassa, Debre Berhan, Gondar, and Mekelle. A total of 11 Focus Group Discussions and 40 in-depth-interviews were completed with residents of these urban settings who were living in the section of urban setting characterized as slum. The data collected were categorized in to themes and analyzed using thematic method. Results: Study participants anonymously argued that there are positive changes in maternal health service utilization in all study settings over the years. However, students, daily laborers, widows, divorced and separated women, commercial sex workers, house maids, and migrants were found to be reluctant in using maternal health services such ANC follow-up, institutional delivery and PNC. Reasons were found to be attributed to individual characteristics, perceived capacities of health facilities and friendliness of service providers and socio-cultural factors including socially sanctioned expectations at community level in connection with pregnancy, delivery and postpartum. Conclusion: Although service utilization in urban setting is believed to have been relatively better over the years, still women in urban settings do not use available maternal health services. Especially women living in slum areas tend to neglect use of available health services. This study suggests that blanket programmatic approach should give way to intervention that target specific section of population. Furthermore, programs are expected to be tailored to addresses individual, institutional and socio-cultural factors in tandem to improve maternal health service utilization in urban setting. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2017;31(2):96-102] Key words: Maternal Health Services, Urban Health, Social Determinant of Health, Ethiopia
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH IN VIVO EXPANSION OF ANTI‐CD19 CAR T CELLS IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH AXICABTAGENE CILOLEUCEL (AXI‐CEL)

271 A PHASE I STUDY OF CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTORMODIFIED T CELLS DIRECTED AGAINST CD19 IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORYCD19(+) B CELL LYMPHOMAS: INTERIM ANALYSIS Z. Ying* | X. Xiang | Y. Song | N. Ding | Y. Lin | W. Zheng | X. Wang | N. Lin | M. Tu | Y. Xie | C. Zhang | W. Liu | L. Deng | Y. Liu | Y. Yue | X. Yu | H. Liu | P. Duan | F. Chen | X. Wu | X.F. Huang | L. Jones | X. Kang | S. Chen | J. Zhu Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China; Department of medicine, Marino Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
Broadening the G20 financial inclusion agenda to promote financial stability: The role for regional banking networks

Policies that foster the expansion of regional banking services can be an effective tool to enhance financial inclusion by facilitating the access to deposit services. Financial inclusion, in turn, can expand banks’ deposit base with positive spillovers for financial stability, both at the bank and country levels. Governments’ support to unconventional branching via correspondent banking, to the proportionality of regulation, and to the harmonization of banking services can provide the conditions to stimulate banks to reach customers that remain outside the financial system, especially in emerging countries. By encouraging these conditions within its Financial Inclusion Action Plan, the G20 could effectively link its financial inclusion and financial stability objectives within a consistent policy framework.
Myopic loss aversion, the endowment effect for risk and the limits of expectation-based reference-dependent preferences

I show that the Kőszegi and Rabin (2006, 2007) model of reference dependent preferences with loss aversion can rationalize myopic loss aversion (Benartzi & Thaler 1995, Gneezy & Potter 1997) : an agent’s willingness to take risks is bigger (smaller) prior to (after) the realization of a background risk. Kőszegi and Rabin’s model however also predicts an endowment effect for risk : an agent’s willingness to take risks prior to the realization of a background risk increases in the level of background risk. In a tight experimental setup, I investigate these predictions both in the presence of a negative and a positive background risk. While I cannot reject a myopic loss averse behavior when the background risk is positive, I unambiguously reject it when the background risk is negative. I also overwhelmingly reject the endowment effect for risk predicted by the Kőszegi and Rabin model. These results cast doubt on the ability of the Kőszegi and Rabin model to neatly pin down the channels through which loss aversion strikes, and provide further evidence on the limits of expectation-based reference dependence. JEL CODES: C91, D03, D81
Persistent genital arousal disorder it’s etiology, treatment guideline and management strategy

Background: Persistent genital arousal disorder is a recently recognized disorder. Its first case was reported in 2001, since then many cases have been diagnosed and treated with various methods, yet no FDA approved treatment guidelines have been proposed. Although it is a cause of not only sexual, but also psychological impairment to the patients of the disorder,Persistent genital arousal disorder is not well recognized currently due to the social stigma attached to it This study is important for the physicians treating a case of PGAD, as it has all the published data about the disorder. Method: The review of literature was done by using all the research articles and case reports of PGAD using keywords like ‘persistent’, ‘genital’ , ‘arousal’, ‘disorder’ on platforms like google scholar and pubmed. Results: Various research articles and case reports were reviewed and grouped into different levels of intervention; at the female genital system, at the spinal cord and the brain. This study has evaluated all the possible etiologies, and suggested the possible treatments and management strategies for the disorder. Conclusion: Our study has thrown striking limelight on all the potential causes leading to PGAD, its potential line of treatment, and the management strategy. Our study is based on the case reports found till date, but there is still a paucity in data, the number of reported cases are less due to a possible social stigma associated with the disease. The present investigation demands extensive research in the topic as this is a cause of social concern leading to psychological, emotional and nervous breakdown. Keywords: Persistent , Genital, Arousal, disorder
VEGF A and C in Patients undergoing Prostatic Biopsy and TURP for Suspected Prostatic Neoplasia

The most common pathological processes of prostate gland among aging men are benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Although the specific reason for the initiation and progression of prostate cancer is not established.Prostate cancer is now recognised as a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality with 17,210 new cases registered in England and Wales in 1993 and 8570 deaths (Majeed et al., 2000). Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a histological diagnosis that can produce lower urinary tract symptoms,which led to 1.9 million physician visits in the USA in 1991 (Mc Connell et al., 1994). Both conditions represent a major health care burden and a greater understanding of their pathophysiology and natural history is required. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of prostate cancer is poorly understood.
A comparative study of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in dyslipidemia

Worldwide, hypercholesterolemia cause about 56% of ischemic heart disease and 18% of strokes, resulting to 4.4 million deaths annually. Hyperlipidemia and the rates of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥201.1mg/dl) increased from 18% to 31% in adults aged 35-59. Studies have shown that the risk of ischemic heart disease in individuals with hypercholesterolemia is about thrice as great as in those with normal plasma cholesterol level indicating that reduction in plasma cholesterol does reduce the risk of myocardial infraction. There is increasing evidence that Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosisassociated conditions, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease and reduction of TC and LDL-C below 442.86mg/dl and 116mg/dl, respectively, lowers the incidence of CHD. The lifetime risk of developing CHD after 40 years of age is 49% in men and 32% in women. Even at 70 years of age, the risk is 35% for men and 24% for women. The lifetime risk of developing CVD at 50 years of age is estimated to be 1 in 2 for men and 2 in 5 for women in USA only. Numerous epidemiologic investigations have suggested that age, sex, elevated LDLABSTRACT
Pneumococcal 13-valent Conjugate Vaccine

A pneumococcal conjugate vaccine containing 13 different strains of the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, used in children and studied in immunocompromised patients for the prevention of pneumococcal disease. T he pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine contains capsular antigen polysaccharides derived from the S. pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F and 23F that are individually conjugated to a nontoxic diphtheria cross-reactive material (CRM) carrier protein (CRM197). Upon vaccination, pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine induces active immunization against 13 different serotypes of S. pneumoniae and protects against pneumococcal disease. Qeios · Definition, February 8, 2020
Virulence characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae and its relation with ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase associated resistance

Background and Objectives: Trend analysis reveals that Klebsiella pneumoniae has witnessed a steep enhancement in the antibiotic resistance and virulence over the last few decades. The present investigation aimed at a comprehensive approach investigating antibiotic susceptibility including, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC) resistance and the prevalence of virulence genes among the K. pneumoniae isolates. Materials and Methods: Sixty-one K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from various clinical infections. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by disk diffusion method. The Mast® D68C test detected the presence of ESBLs and AmpCs phenotypically, and later presence of ESBL and AmpC genes was observed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Multiplex-PCR was performed to investigate various virulence genes. Results: Amongst 61 K. pneumoniae isolates, 59% were observed as ESBL and 14.7% as AmpC producers. All ESBL producers were positive for bla CTX-M-15 , while bla CTX-M-14 was observed in 54.1% isolates. The frequency of AmpC genes was as follows: bla CMY-2 (60.7%) and bla DHA-1 (34.4%). The most frequent virulence genes were those encoding enterobactin and lipopolysaccharide. Presence of mrkD was associated with bla DHA-1 gene, while bla CMY-2 significantly (p≤0.05) correlated with the presence of iutA and rmpA virulence genes. bla DHA-1 positive isolates had urine as a significant source, while bla CMY-2 positive isolates were mainly collected from wound exudates (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Our results highlight that ESBL and AmpC production along with a plethora of virulence trait on K. pneumoniae should be adequately considered to assess its pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance.
Coreceptor Tropism in a Moroccan HIV-1-Infected Cohort

Coreceptor tropism (CTR) plays a crucial role in AIDS progression; in fact, the R5 viruses using CCR5 predominate in the early stages of HIV-1 infection, whereas dualtropic R5X4 and X4 variants, using both coreceptors and CXCR4 respectively, which are associated with rapid disease progression, emerge in the late chronic phase of disease in a significant proportion of patients 2 . Since the first coreceptor antagonist (Maraviroc) against HIV-1 was approved in the United States in 2007, which inhibit CCR5tropic strain but not CXCR4-tropic strain [3], CTR testing should be performed prior to initiation of therapy with CCR5 inhibitors [4].
Bounds Test Approach to Co-Integration and Causality between Foreign Investment Inflows and Exchange Rates Dynamics in Nigeria

This study was commissioned to investigate for long run and causal relationship between foreign investment inflows and exchange rate dynamics in Nigeria. Foreign capital is decomposed into foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) to enable us look at both the real and financial sectors of the economy. Results established that there exists a long run association between exchange rates dynamics and foreign capital inflows to Nigeria. This was evident by the values of bound test F-Statistic of 61.82058 and 33.18053 for foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment models respectively. The coefficients of error correction terms lagged one period in the short-run models of FDI and FPI are negative and statistically significant at 1% level, meaning that in the both models, the independent variables jointly and significantly cause FDI and FPI respectively at least in the short run. Furthermore, this study has established that, for Nigeria, exchange rate ranks as one of macroeconomic fundamental that exact significant influence in moderating foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, while its effect on foreign portfolio investment (FPI) movements appears to be inconsequential, meaning that exchange rate should not be contemplated as instrument for moderating foreign portfolio inflows in Nigeria. Key wards: Foreign investments, exchange rates, external debt sustainability, interest rates, Nigeria --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 30-12-2018 Date of acceptance: 15-01-2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NATURAL CONTROL OF INSECT-PESTS IN THE RICE AGROECOSYSTEM, IN PANAMA AND THE COMPLEX OF EGG PARASITOIDS

The present study highlights the importance of basic elements of the bioecology of insect pests, which are fundamental to guarantee the success of insect pest management programmes for rice cultivation. We related the bioecology of insect pests to alternate hosts, among other aspects. In the last decade, several insect pest species have colonized, established, and adapted, such as: Hydrellia sp. ; Lissorhoptrus sp. , Tibraca limbativentris; and, recently, Euschistus nicaraguensis. Other commonly known species, such as Tagosodes orizicolus and Oebalus insularis, with wide distribution in the American continent, stand out as key insect pests in rice cultivation. The producers will be able to implement strategies that may reduce the population of these insects according to the biological and reproductive characteristics of the production areas. Insect pest management based on a dynamic and multidisciplinary context should be carried out in a holistic manner, thus promoting the profitability of the crops. For this reason, the integration of the information presented for the definition of an insect pest management programme suggests the consideration of variables, such as the cultivar planted, location, and the relationship between the population dynamics of the insect pests and egg parasitoids, taking into consideration natural control as an appropriate short-term management measure.
Stochastic ranking process and web ranking numbers

This is a summary of a series of our studies [13, 14, 15, 16, 12] on stochastic ranking process, with its applications on ranking numbers found on the web, such as sales ranks at an online bookstore amazon.co.jp, and thread title listings of an online collected bulletin board 2ch.net. This is a joint work with K. Hattori, Y. Hariya, Y. Nagahata, Y. Takeshima, and T. Kobayashi. In Section 2, we consider mathematical aspects of stochastic ranking process. We define the stochastic ranking process with the jump times of the particles determined by Poisson random measures, and state that the joint empirical distribution of scaled position and intensity measure converges almost surely in the infinite particle limit. We give an explicit formula for the limit distribution, which can be characterized as a unique global classical solution to an initial value problem for the inviscid Burgers system of non-linear partial differential equations with time dependent coefficients and with evaporation terms. This characterization is in accord with the hydrodynamic limit theories, where a macroscopic time development of collective microscopic random motion of particles is smooth, so that it satisfies a system of partial differential equations. In Section 3, we show ranking data collected from actual websites at the Amazon online bookstore and at an online collected bulletin board 2ch.net, and show how they are explained by the properties of stochastic ranking process given in Section 2. It is a new social phenomena to have a large number of items aligned dynamically in an order of popularity, and real time values of ranks of thousands can be observed. By performing a statistical fit of the data to the formulas from the stochastic ranking process, one can analyze a ‘long tail’ structure of social activities at these websites. We conclude that the best hit or top sales items dominate the activities both at Amazon.co.jp and 2ch.net, so that, in particular, Amazon.co.jp, perhaps in contrast to its fame, is not an example of a long tail business.
Japan’s Diversification Discount

This paper uses data for over 1,900 Japanese firms for the period 1999 2013 to examine the net costs and benefits of corporate diversification. Previous studies have documented a significant negative effect for Japan, i.e. a diversification discount, but we show that there is large variation with many diversified firms actually trading at a premium relative to a theoretical portfolio of single segment firms. We find that for firms with strong corporate governance, firm values are high and there is an efficient fund transfers from lowto high-productivity divisions. Only when corporate governance is weak, diversified firm values are low consistent with capital misallocation where funds are transferred from high-to low-productivity divisions.
RESPONSES OF FODDER OAT (AVENA SATIVA L.) VARIETIES TO IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZER GRADIENT IN BUNDELKHAND REGION (U.P.) INDIA

An experiment was conducted during 2014-16 at Orai (Jalaun), Uttar Pradesh to study the performance of fodder oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties under varied irrigation and fertilizer rates. The experiment was consisted of 18 treatment combinations viz., 2 fodder oat variety (Kent and JHO-851), 3 irrigation schedules (0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 IW/CPE) and 3 fertilizer levels (75, 100 and 125% of recommended dose of fertilizer-RDF). Result showed that varities of oat did not differ significantly in relation to growth, yield and water use efficiency, but JHO-851 accumulated higher crude protein than Kent. The significant response of growth, dry fodder yield and nutrient uptake to irrigation was observed upto 1.0 IW/CPE and it increased green and dry fodder yields by 11.8 and 7.3% respectively over 0.8 IW/CPE. Likewise, application of 125% of RDF increased green and dry fodder yields by 17.7 and 10.4%, over 100%, respectively. Water use efficiency was increased with fertilizer and vice-versa with irrigation intensity. Apparent nutrient (N, P and K) balances were decreased with irrigation and increased with graded fertilizer application except potassium. Nitrogen and potassium apparent balances were negative. The maximum economic returns were obtained when crop was fertilized with 125% of RDF and irrigation scheduled at 1.0 IW/CPE.
Occurrence and seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 in raw cow milk collected from different regions of Algeria

Background and Aim: Aflatoxins are metabolites of molds that exert potentially toxic effect on animals and humans. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw cow milk collected during 1 year (2016-2017) from different regions of Algeria and risk factors associated with the contamination. Materials and Methods: During the survey period, 84 samples of raw milk were collected in three regions of Algeria (northeast, north center, and northwest) during four seasons. AFM1 levels were analyzed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: AFM1 was detected in 39 (46.43%) samples (total mean concentration, 71.92 ng/L; range, 95.59-557.22 ng/L). However, the AFM1 levels exceeded the maximum tolerance limit set by the Food and Drug Administration in the USA (500 ng/L) in only 1 sample (1.19%). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p˂0.005) between AFM1 levels in milk samples collected in the spring and autumn. The mean AFM1 levels in samples collected in the spring were significantly higher than those in samples collected in autumn. Conclusion: The survey indicates that farmers involved in milk production should be made aware of the adverse effects of aflatoxin contamination in animal feed. A systematic control program of supplementary feedstuff for lactating cows should be introduced by the public health authorities.