Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fire Severity Causes Temporal Changes in Ground-Dwelling Arthropod Assemblages of Patagonian Araucaria–Nothofagus Forests

Fire is one of the main drivers of anthropogenic disturbances in temperate forest ecosystems worldwide, with multiple effects spread across ecological networks. Nevertheless, the biodiversity effects of fire are poorly known for species-diverse groups such as arthropods. In this research, we used a burn gradient generated two and three years after a large fire event to assess how different levels of fire severity affect arthropod diversity in the forest with the main forest forming long-living tree species Araucaria araucana, in southern Chile. The species richness and abundance of arthropods among trophic guilds was estimated annually in four fire-severity levels. We found that arthropods responded differently to fire severity levels, depending on their trophic guilds and years after fire (two and three years after fire). During the second year after fire, zoophages, phytophages, and parasitoids were more diverse in areas with high fire severity within the second year after fire, as compared to those in areas with low severity or unburned stands. In the third year after fire, a change in this trend was observed, where the abundance of all groups dropped significantly, with positive changes in the diversity in zoophages, phytophages, polyphages and saprophages, which is more noticeable in sites with high severity. These results indicate that annual variation in environmental conditions triggers bottom-up cascading effects for arthropods. Forests stands severely impacted by fires support highly fluctuating and possibly unstable arthropod assemblages. Hence, restoration efforts should be focused on recovering microhabitat conditions in these stands to allow the persistence of arthropods.
Off-axis electric field due to cylindrical geometries of charge distribution

Off-axis electric field due to cylindrical distribution of charge is studied in various geometries, including solid cylinder, cylindrical shell, disk, and ring. The electric fields of the charged solid cylinder and cylindrical shell can be found by numerical calculations, but closed forms expressed in terms of elliptic integrals are derived for the charged disk and ring. By investigating the radial and axial components of the electric fields systematically we reveal many interesting and new features that are implicit or unseen in the ordinary approach based on the cylindrical symmetry.
Electric field tunable superconductor-semiconductor coupling in Majorana nanowires

We study the effect of external electric fields on superconductor-semiconductor coupling by measuring the electron transport in InSb semiconductor nanowires coupled to an epitaxially grown Al superconductor. We find that the gate voltage induced electric fields can greatly modify the coupling strength, which has consequences for the proximity induced superconducting gap, effective g-factor, and spin–orbit coupling, which all play a key role in understanding Majorana physics. We further show that level repulsion due to spin–orbit coupling in a finite size system can lead to seemingly stable zero bias conductance peaks, which mimic the behavior of Majorana zero modes. Our results improve the understanding of realistic Majorana nanowire systems.
Application of Equivalent Single Layer Approach for Ultimate Strength Analyses of Ship Hull Girder

The objective of this paper is to present the application of equivalent single layer (ESL) approach for the ultimate strength assessment of ship hull girder in the context of numerical finite element (FE) simulations. In the ESL approach, the stiffened panel is replaced with a single plate, which has the equivalent stiffness of the original panel. Removal of tertiary stiffening elements from the numerical model facilitates time-savings in pre-processing and FE analysis stage. The applicability of ESL approach is demonstrated with two case studies, one compartment model and full-sized double hull tanker model in intact and damaged conditions. The damage extents are determined based on the international association of classification societies from common structural rules (IACS-CSR) for oil tanker. Ship hull girder is exposed to distributed pressure with the sinusoidal shape that bends the hull girder. This pressure load is applied separately to bottom and side structures to obtain the vertical and horizontal bending moments of the hull girder, respectively. Ultimate strength predictions obtained from ESL approach are compared to full three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM) and IACS incremental-iterative method. The comparison between different methods is provided in terms of longitudinal bending moment and cross sectional stress distribution. Overall, ESL approach yields good agreement compared to the 3D FEM results in predicting the ultimate strength of ship hull girder while providing up to 3 times computational efficiency and ease of modeling.
Contribution of Open Mouth Technique in 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Patients with Malignant Lip Neoplasm

Objectives: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) plays an important role in evaluating head and neck cancers. However, localization and size evaluation in this region can be rough due to the multitude of the anatomic structures and physiologic uptakes. The aim of this study was to evaluate malignant lip lesions with the contribution of open mouth (OM) imaging technique at PET/CT. Methods: Fifty-six patients with malignant lip neoplasm underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Each patient was imaged twice as whole-body PET/CT with routine closed mouth (CM) position; and OM head and neck image, standardized with a special device. Lesion maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), localization, size, and involvement of lymph nodes were evaluated. Results: Lesion localization was correctly detected in 100% of the OM images. Lesion size in PET/CT was compared with clinical, radiological (magnetic resonance imaging and CT) and/or histopathological results and the size measurement was coherent at 47.1% and 95.6% for CM and OM images, respectively. It was observed that OM acquisition did not contribute additionally in detecting regional lymph node metastasis. Forty-one PET/CT scans with CT artifacts due to dental amalgams were evaluated and 46.3% dimensional and 53.7% localization errors were detected in the CM position. There was no statistically significant difference between OM and CM SUVmax (p>0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that additional OM head and neck imaging is useful and necessary to accurately determine the localization and size of the tumor, thus enhancing the value of PET/CT in staging, treatment response assessment, and restaging of patients with malignant lip cancer with or without dental amalgam
Characterization, Chemical Compounds and Biological Activities of Marrubium vulgare L. Essential Oil

As consumer trends shift towards more natural and ecological consumption patterns, industrialists are actively working towards substituting synthetic chemicals with natural and vegan products that contain bioactive properties. Thus, considering the shifts in customer demand and the growing concern around vegetable sourced productions, this work aims to contribute to the valorization of aromatic and medicinal Moroccan plants. By focusing on the Marrubium vulgare L. species, our objective is to carry out a physicochemical characterization to determine its chemical composition and biological activities. The volatile fraction collected by hydrodistillation (0.61%) and analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) contains five main compounds: 3-Thujanone, Eugenol, Topanol, Menthone and Piperitone. The antioxidant activity has been estimated by applying the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging test and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The values of inhibitory concentration prove that our oil is a good antioxidant, with values of IC50 = 1.136 mg/mL and IC50 = 2.998 mg/mL, respectively, for the DPPH and FRAP tests. The results of the antifungal activity indicate a significant inhibition of mycelial growth for both tested molds, as well as a total inhibition of spore production at a concentration of 0.25 µL/mL.
THIRTY-TWO YEARS OF CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Corrective feedback has been one of the controversial topics in second language acquisition, L2 learning, and teaching. Corrective feedback could be in written or oral forms. Much has been written and published on this debatable topic. The purpose of the current study is to review the most cited published articles from 1990 to 2022. Reviewing research on CF has several benefits. First, researchers who are interested in investigating CF gain access to a synthesized and chronological review of the topic, and it provides insights to conduct future research on CF from different perspectives and theories. Secondly, L2 teachers can gain a clear understanding of CF, and learn about different methods and strategies for providing it to their learners alongside the results and conclusions from the previous studies. Finally, it is a ready-made review for those who cannot obtain the available studies on CF, and they have the access to refer to the previous studies once they conduct further research on CF.
Evaluation of Knowledge and Attitude of the Future Prescribers About Pharmacovigilance: Experience of Four Medical Colleges of Chittagong

The study was designed to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of future prescribers of four Medical Colleges of Chittagong, Bangladesh about Pharmacovigilance. The specific aim was to identify the reasons for underreporting and to determine the measure that could be adopted to increase reporting of ADRs (Adverse Drug Reactions). A crosssectional, multicenter Questionnaire survey was conducted among the final year medical students and intern doctors to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding the importance of ADRs reporting and Pharmacovigilance of Chittagong Medical College (CMC) Chattagram Maa-OShishu Hospital Medical College (CMOSHMC) Cox’s Bazar Medical College (CoxMC) Southern Medical College (SMC) during July, 2015. The questionnaires were provided to five hundred and eight participants of which two twenty four final year students and one hundred fifty six intern of four medical colleges responded completely to the survey. 65% responders were aware of the term Pharmacovigilance. Only one third of respondent correctly answer the location of international (35% intern and 25% final year) and national ADRs monitoring centre (24% intern and 35% final year). Almost all participants (100%) had no training on ADRs reporting and did not see any ADRs reporting form in their study period. Majority (96%) of the respondent felt that study related to antibiomicrobials should be thought in details to all health care students during their undergraduate training period. The major cause of under reporting in their views is insufficient knowledge about how to report (89%) and difficult to diagnosis ADRs (50%). The study revealed a deficiency of knowledge, attitude and practice about ADR reporting and Pharmacovigilance. In order to have a successful Pharmacovigilance program, future prescribers need education, training and motivation about reporting of ADRs and Pharmacovigilance with an ultimate direction towards ensuring patient safety. Best intervention will be made by training of our future prescribers during their study period. JCMCTA 2016 ; 27 (1) : 4 - 10
Ulcerative colitis progression: a retrospective analysis of disease burden using electronic medical records

Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a debilitating inflammatory bowel disease. Present knowledge regarding UC disease progression over time is limited. Objective To assess UC progression to severe disease along with disease burden and associated factors. Methods Electronic medical records linked with Swedish national health registries (2005–2015) were used to identify disease progression of UC. Odds of all-cause and disease-related hospitalization within 1 year were compared between patients with disease progression and those without. Annual indirect costs were calculated based on sick leave, and factors related to UC progression were examined. Results Of the 1,361 patients with moderate UC, 24% progressed to severe disease during a median of 5.2 years. Severe UC had significantly higher odds for all-cause (OR [odds ratio] 1.47, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.12–1.94, P < 0.01) and UC-related hospitalization (OR 2.47, 95% CI: 1.76–3.47, P < 0.0001) compared to moderate disease. Average sick leave was higher in patients who progressed compared to those who did not (64.4 vs 38.6 days, P < 0.001), with higher indirect costs of 151,800 SEK (16,415 €) compared with 92,839 SEK (10,039 €) (P < 0.001), respectively. UC progression was related to young age (OR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.17–2.25, P < 0.01), long disease duration (OR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03–1.15, P < 0.001), and use of corticosteroids (OR 2.49, 95% CI: 1.67–3.72, P < 0.001). Conclusion Disease progression from moderate to severe UC is associated with more frequent and longer hospitalizations and sick leave. Patients at young age with long disease duration and more frequent glucocorticosteroid medication are associated with progression to severe UC.
Fibroblast Common Serum Response Signature-Related Classification Affects the Tumour Microenvironment and Predicts Prognosis in Bladder Cancer

Abnormal oncogenic signatures provide important clues regarding cancer prognosis and treatment. We analysed the variations in 189 oncogenic signature gene sets between normal and tumourous tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found that the “CSR_LATE_UP” signature was the most upregulated oncogenic signature gene set in bladder cancer. Next, we developed a common serum response (CSR) risk score (CRS) model based on fibroblast CSR genes and systematically analysed the correlations of these genes or the CRSs with survival, previously reported molecular subtypes, clinicopathological features, cancer signalling pathways, chemotherapeutic responses, and the tumour microenvironment using TCGA and validation cohorts. The CRS could predict the malignant phenotype, chemotherapeutic efficacy, immune invasion, and disease prognosis. Inflammatory signalling pathways (e.g., inflammatory response, TNFA signalling via NFƘB, IFNα response, and IL2-STAT5 signalling) were markedly upregulated in patients with high CRS. Notably, the CSR-related gene ANLN was positively correlated with CD8+ immune cell infiltration, PD-L1 expression, and sensitivity to PD-L1 inhibitors and could thus provide guidance for clinical immunotherapy. This study highlights the crucial role of the CSR signature in bladder cancer and provides a CRS model for accurate predictions of the disease prognosis and chemotherapy and immunotherapy responses.
Ozone depletion events in the Arctic spring of 2019: a new modeling approach to bromine emissions

Abstract. Ozone depletion events (ODEs) are a common occurrence in the boundary layer during Arctic spring. Ozone is depleted by bromine species, which are most likely emitted from snow, sea ice, or aerosols in an autocatalytic reaction cycle. Previous three-dimensional modeling studies of ODEs assumed an infinite bromine source at the ground. In the present study, an alternative emission scheme is presented in which a finite amount of bromide in the snow is tracked over time. For this purpose, a modified version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) is used to study ODEs in the Arctic from February to May 2019. The model data are compared to in situ measurements, ozone sonde flights, and satellite data. A simulation of the ODEs in the Arctic spring of 2009 using the infinite-bromide assumption on first-year (FY) ice is transferred to the spring of 2019, which achieves good agreement with the observations; however, there is some disagreement in April 2009 and 2019 with respect to an overestimation concerning both the magnitude and the number of ODEs. New simulations using the finite-bromide assumption greatly improve agreement with in situ observations at Utqiaġvik, Alaska, Zeppelin Mountain, Svalbard, and Pallas, Finland, in April 2019, suggesting that bromide on the sea ice is depleted to an extent that reduces the bromine release. The new simulations also slightly improve the agreement with observations at these sites in February and March. A comparison to measurements near Eureka, Canada, and Station Nord, Greenland, shows that multi-year ice and possibly snow-covered land may be significant bromine sources. However, assuming higher releasable bromide near Eureka does not remove all disagreement with the observations. The numerical results are also compared to tropospheric-BrO vertical column densities generated with a new retrieval method from TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) observations. BrO vertical column densities (VCDs) above 5×1013 molec. cm−2 observed by the satellite agree well with the model results. However, the model also predicts BrO VCDs of around 3×1013 molec. cm−2 throughout the Arctic and patches of BrO VCDs of around 1014 molec. cm−2 not observed by the satellite, especially near Hudson Bay. This suggests that snow at Hudson Bay may be a weaker bromine source in late spring compared to snow in the north.
Natural History of Marburg Virus Infection to Support Medical Countermeasure Development

The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, part of the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, recognizes that the evaluation of medical countermeasures under the Animal Rule requires well-characterized and reproducible animal models that are likely to be predictive of clinical benefit. Marburg virus (MARV), one of two members of the genus Marburgvirus, is characterized by a hemorrhagic fever and a high case fatality rate for which there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics available. This natural history study consisted of twelve cynomolgus macaques challenged with 1000 PFU of MARV Angola and observed for body weight, temperature, viremia, hematology, clinical chemistry, and coagulation at multiple time points. All animals succumbed to disease within 8 days and exhibited signs consistent with those observed in human cases, including viremia, fever, systemic inflammation, coagulopathy, and lymphocytolysis, among others. Additionally, this study determined the time from exposure to onset of disease manifestations and the time course, frequency, and magnitude of the manifestations. This study will be instrumental in the design and development of medical countermeasures to Marburg virus disease.
A refined measurement of the mean transmitted flux in the Lyα forest over 2 < z < 5 using composite quasar spectra

We present new measurements of the mean transmitted flux in the Lyα forest over 2 < z < 5 made using 6065 quasar spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 7 (SDSS DR7). We exploit the general lack of evolution in the mean quasar continuum to avoid the bias introduced by continuum fitting over the Lyα forest at high redshifts, which has been the primary systematic uncertainty in previous measurements of the mean Lyα transmission. The individual spectra are first combined into 26 composites with mean redshifts spanning 2.25 ≤ zcomp ≤ 5.08. The flux ratios of separate composites at the same rest wavelength are then used, without continuum fitting, to infer the mean transmitted flux, F(z), as a fraction of its value at z ∼ 2. Absolute values for F(z) are found by scaling our relative values to measurements made from high-resolution data by Faucher-Gigu` ere et al. at z ≤ 2.5, where continuum uncertainties are minimal. We find thatF(z) evolves smoothly with redshift, with no evidence of a previously reported feature at z � 3.2. This trend is consistent with a gradual evolution of the ionization and thermal state of the intergalactic medium over 2 < z < 5. Our results generally agree with the most careful measurements to date made from high-resolution data, but offer much greater precision and extend to higher redshifts. This work also improves upon previous efforts using SDSS spectra by significantly reducing the level of systematic errors.
A Bayesian Approach to Estimating Age from the Auricular Surface of the Ilium in Modern American Skeletal Samples

Age estimation from human skeletal remains is a critical component of the biological profile for unidentified decedents. Using a Bayesian approach, we examine two popular methods (Lovejoy–LJ, and Buckberry zand Chamberlain–BC) for estimating age from the auricular surface of the ilium. Ages of transition are generated from a modern Portuguese skeletal sample (n = 466) and are coupled with an informative prior from historic Spitalfields, London (n = 179) to estimate age in a sample of modern Americans from the Bass Donated collection (n = 639). The Bass collection was challenging to statistically model, potentially due to higher morbidity and mortality characteristics of the central southern United States. The highest posterior density ranges provide a realized accuracy between 84–89% for males and 85–91% for females using the LJ method, and a realized accuracy between 79–82% for males and 65–71% for females using the BC method. Both methods worked well for older individuals. Cumulative binomials showed that both methods significantly underperformed; however, results were better for the LJ method, which also showed lower bias. Reference tables for aging modern American samples are provided, and the data meet Daubert guidelines, i.e., legal criteria for acceptable scientific evidence in a court of law in the United States.
Hyperbolic operators with symplectic multiple characteristics

(1.1) P(x , D) = D + 2 A i (x, D') D r . J=1 be a differential operator in D, of order in with coefficients A i (x, D ') which are classical pseudodifferential operators of order j defined near (.5c, e ')= (0 , E I x (T* U \0 ) . We denote by p (x, e) the principal symbol of P and we assume that p(x , •) is hyperbolic with respect to dx, near ( , ') that is the zeros Co of p(x , Co , Co ') are all real near (.5c, '). We shall study the microlocal and local Cauchy problem for P(x , D) with data on x0 =0. Denote by the set of real characteristics of order m of P; (1.2) = {(x, e)G T*. f2\0; p(x, e) dp(x, e) • • • = p(x , o=o). We assume that
MASTER THESIS

Large language models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous in natural language processing, but how exactly they process their input and arrive at good downstream task performance is still poorly understood. While much work has been done using probing to examine LLM internals, or behavioral studies, to determine LLMs’ linguistic capabilities, these techniques are too weak to allow us to draw conclusions how LLMs process language. In this paper, I use both probing and causal intervention methods to investigate the question of subjectverb agreement with respect to the subject’s plurality. I find that while probing reveals that subject plurality information is distributed throughout a sentence, causal interventions suggest that only information stored in linguistically relevant tokens is used. Probing interventions suggest that some but not all probes capture information in a way that reflects LLMs’ usage thereof.