Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Régulation de l'activation de lymphocytes B / cellules plasmatiques pendant le rejet chronique : Le rôle de SYK dans la modulation de Mcl-1

L'insuffisance renale est un probleme majeur de sante publique et la transplantation renale est l’option therapeutique principale, mais elle comporte le risque de rejet d'organe. Les cellules B jouent un role important dans le rejet medie par les anticorps (AMR). Au cours de l'AMR chronique, les structures lymphoides tertiaires, semblables aux centres germinatifs (GC), apparaissent dans l'organe rejete, associees a la production des plasmocytes et des lymphocytes B memoires specifiques du donneur. Ces populations de lymphocyte B sont souvent mal controlees par les traitements actuels. La myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), un membre anti-apoptotique de la famille de B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), est essentiel pour maintenir l’organisation de GC et de la differenciation des cellules B. Nous rapportons ici l'infiltration de cellules B exprimant Mcl-1 dans le rein de patients atteints d'AMR chronique, comme cela a ete observe pour les cellules (pre) GC. Suite a l’abrogation de la signalisation du recepteur des cellules B (BCR), par l'inhibition de la spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) nous avons observe une diminution de la viabilite des cellules GC, par l'intermediaire d'une regulation de Mcl-1. La regulation negative de Mcl-1 est coordonnee au niveau de la transcription, potentiellement par l'intermediaire du transducteur de signal et de l'activateur de la transcription 3 (STAT3), comme cela a ete observe par (1) une translocation alteree de STAT3 dans le noyau suivant l'inhibition de SYK, et (2) les niveaux inferieurs de transcription de Mcl-1. Par ailleurs, la surexpression de Mcl-1 inhibe l'apoptose apres l'inhibition du SYK. Des etudes avec des cellules B primaires, issues d'amygdales, ont confirme que l'inhibition de SYK a diminue la survie cellulaire. Nous avons egalement constate que l'inhibition du SYK a diminue les niveaux de proteines Mcl-1 dans les cellules B primaire, et que l’activation de ces cellules a ete inhibee, tel que determine par l'expression de CD80 et des taux inferieurs de secretion d'IgG dans les cellules B primaires activees in vitro. Nos travaux suggerent que la voie SYK-Mcl-1 peut offrir de nouvelles opportunites pour le traitement et la prevention de l'AMR
BloodSynovial Membrane Cultures and Whole Increase TNF Production in Rheumatoid Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Nonsteroidal anti-inﬂammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit cyclooxygenase activity and hence PG production. However, the ability of NSAIDstoamelioratepainandtenderness doesnotpreventdiseaseprogressioninrheumatoidarthritis,adiseasewhosepathogenesis is linked to the presence of proinﬂammatory cytokines, such as TNF- a . To understand this observation, we have examined the effect of NSAIDs on the production of clinically validated proinﬂammatory cytokines. We show that a variety of NSAIDs superinduce production of TNF from human peripheral blood monocytes and rheumatoid synovial membrane cultures. A randomized, double-blinded, crossover, placebo-controlled trial in healthy human volunteers also revealed that the NSAID drug celecoxib increased LPS-induced TNF production in whole blood. NSAID-mediated increases in TNF are reversed by either the addition of exogenous PGE 2 or by a PGE 2 EP2 receptor agonist, revealing that PGE 2 signaling via its EP2 receptor provides a valuable mechanism for controlling excess TNF production. Thus, by reducing the level of PGE 2 , NSAIDs can increase TNF production and may exacerbate the proinﬂammatory environment both within the rheumatoid arthritis joint and the systemic environment. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 185: 000–000. membrane cell cultures. Our ﬁndings demonstrate that clinically relevant concentrations of these drugs superinduce pro-ductionofthekeyproinﬂammatorycytokineTNF- a (butnotIL-6or IL-1) in both RA synovia and primary human monocytes. These data are further supported by ﬁndings from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in which the level of TNF produced ex vivo in whole blood from healthy volunteers after NSAID administration was signiﬁcantly increased. These data may provide a mechanistic explanation for the lack of DMARD activity of NSAIDs in human disease. NSAID induced changes in TNF are seen in response to a of
Price Change Synchronization within and between Firms

Abstract This paper provides evidence on price rigidity at the product- and firm-level in Norway. A strong within-firm synchronization is found supporting the theory of economies of scope in menu costs. The industry synchronization effects are found to be small suggesting that firms either have some monopoly power, or that a firm’s costs of changing their own prices may be larger than the benefit of responding to their competitors’ price changes. These findings have potentially important implications for the micro-foundations of macroeconomic models, and thus the policy advice derived from such models.
Mitigation of Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) in an Interstate Median Barrier

In 2012 it was discovered that roughly 4 miles of interstate median barrier along Interstate 540 had rapidly deteriorated. After the initial inspection, a sample was submitted for analysis, and found to contain evidence of alkali-silica reaction (ASR). A research program was implemented with the goal of determining the cause of ASR and developing a program for mitigating the ongoing deterioration. The median barrier had not deteriorated equally throughout the 4 miles, and the level of damage varied considerable throughout the length. A visual inspection of the median barrier was conducted and the median barrier was divided into sections based on visible damage. A research program was implemented to evaluate several treatment methods, with the goal of slowing or arresting the deterioration within the median barrier. Several sections of the median barrier were instrumented with devices to measure expansion and internal relative humidity. The sections were then treated and monitored to evaluate the efficacy of each treatment. The treatments were applied to sections of each damage level to evaluate the effect of damage at the time of treatment on the efficacy of the treatment. Monitoring was conducted for one year and some preliminary conclusions and recommendations were developed from the results. The aggregates used in the median barrier construction were also evaluated in laboratory testing, which included the accelerated mortar bar test and the concrete prism test. The fine aggregate and course aggregate were evaluated, and the results compared to the findings from the petrographic analysis. Additionally the cement alkalis and supplementary cementations materials (SCMs) were evaluated to determine if they were a contributing factor in the development of ASR in the median barrier. The results of laboratory testing were used to develop recommendation on the prevention of ASR in concrete which contains these aggregates.
Re-evaluating the clinical significance of serum p53 antibody levels in patients with oral cancer in Japanese clinical practice

TP53 gene mutations can lead to mutant p53 protein accumulation in cancer cells, thereby inducing the production of serum antip53 antibodies (Ap53Ab) in patients with various types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to re-evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of Ap53Ab using the Ap53Ab ELISA kit, approved by the Japanese Health Insurance System in 2007. Ap53Ab was measured as a tumor marker in 94 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), by subjecting paraffin-embedded sections obtained from biopsy specimens to immunohistochemical analysis to confirm p53 expression. The associations among Ap53Ab status, p53 expression and clinical significance in OSCC were examined. A total of 23% of the patients were Ap53Ab-positive. Ap53Ab status was found to be significantly associated with p53 expression status in primary tumors (P=0.027), clinical T-category, pathological N-category and pathological stage (P=0.04, P=0.010 and P=0.013, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that Ap53Ab status was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS; P=0.043), and Cox regression analysis revealed that Ap53Ab status was a significant prognostic factor for DFS in patients with OSCC (hazard ratio=2.807; 95% confidence interval: 1.029-7.160; P=0.044). These results suggested that Ap53Ab measurement may reflect the p53 mutation status and an aggressive malignant phenotype, and it may serve as a useful predictive marker candidate for OSCC in clinical practice.
Scar Ectopic Pregnancy - An Emerging Challenge

Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (SEP), a rare type of ectopic pregnancy, is the implantation of a gestational sac in the myometrium and fibrous tissues at the site of a previous uterine scar (mostly cesarean section scar). The condition can be catastrophic if not managed on time, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis made by transvaginal ultrasonography and a high degree of suspicion for the probability of SEP in previous uterine surgery patients may help in the initiation and success of conservative treatment, prevention of complications, and preservation of fertility. We present here the analysis of 22 cases of SEP managed at our institute between 2013 to 2020. The mean gestational age at the time of diagnosis was 8.6±2.2 weeks. The majority of the women presented with either pain or bleeding, but few cases (7 cases) were asymptomatic and were diagnosed with SEP during routine obstetric ultrasonography. Out of these cases, a single case was admitted with shock due to uterine rupture. The mean serum β-hCG level was 29,543 mIU/ml (range, 2105-61590). Asymptomatic patients with low serum β-hCG levels(<15,000 mIU/ml) were given a single dose of methotrexate. Methotrexate was given as a single dose or 4 doses regimen in total 13 cases. Laparotomy with wedge resection of the scar ectopic was done in 8 cases. Overall primary treatment success was recorded in 20 of 22 cases (91%). 2 cases underwent dilatation and curettage due to retained product of conception after primary treatment with methotrexate. The serum β-hCG levels were normalized in an average time period of 53 days. This retrospective case series has proved the role of early and accurate diagnosis of SEP for initiating the treatment in order to minimize maternal morbidity and mortality related to this rare and unusual form of ectopic pregnancy.
Social Media and GIScience: collection, analysis, and visualization of user-generated spatial data

With billions of active users, social media platforms now generate spatial data on a massive scale, which presents researchers with opportunities to use this data in new and innovative ways. There is an emerging body of literature that reports on the use of locationbased social media data used to spatially analyze a range of phenomena. Due to the low cost, high availability, and substantial range of content and geographic coverage, location-based social media data have the potential to play a major role in GIS research. To this end, our scoping reviews and charts methods used by GIS researchers to collect, spatially analyze, and cartographically visualize location-based social media data.
The Dynamics of Investors’ Reactions to Informal Central Bank Communications

Central bank informal communications became more frequent and acquired more mass media attention after the global financial crisis. Do investors react to the content (e.g., future expansionary or restrictive policy) of informal central bank communications? And especially, do investors have a memory of past “similar” speeches? Focusing on informal Central Bank communications in the United States, we show that speeches with an expansionary content positively influence cumulative abnormal stock returns. However, this effect is lower when there is more intense past informal communication with the same expansionary tone. This weakening effect is stronger when the previous expansionary speech is further back in time, suggesting a lack-of-confidence in the monetary policy’s effectiveness (skepticism hypothesis).
Economic burden of enhanced practices of duodenoscopes reprocessing and surveillance: balancing risk and cost containment

Abstract Background and study aims Recent outbreaks attributed to contaminated duodenoscopes have led to the development of enhanced surveillance and reprocessing techniques (enhanced-SRT) aimed at minimizing cross-contamination. Common enhanced-SRT include double high-level disinfection (HLD), ethylene oxide (EtO) gas sterilization, and culture-based monitoring of reprocessed scopes. Adoption of these methods adds to the operational costs and we aimed to assess its economic impact to an institution. Methods We compared the estimated costs of three enhanced-SRT versus single-HLD using data from two institutions. We examined the cost of capital measured as scope inventory and frequency of scope use per unit time, the constituent reprocessing costs required on a per-cycle basis, and labor & staffing needs. The economic impact attributable to enhanced-SRT was defined as the difference between the total cost of enhanced-SRT and single HLD. Results Compared to single HLD, adoption of double HLD increased the costs approximately by 47 % ($80 vs $118). Similarly, culture and quarantine and EtO sterilization increased costs by 160 % and 270 %, respectively ($80 vs $208 and $296). Enhanced-SRT introduced significant scope downtime due to prolonged techniques, necessitating a 3.4-fold increase in the number of scopes needed to maintain procedural volume. The additional annual budget required to implement enhanced-SRT approached $406,000 per year in high-volume centers. Conclusions While enhanced-SRT may reduce patient risk of exposure to contaminated duodenoscopes, it significantly increases the cost of performing ERCP. Future innovation should focus on approaches that can ensure patient safety while maintaining the ability to perform ERCP in a cost-effective manner.
Rethinking the need for overnight admission after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM): a pandemic-driven approach to the future

Abstract Background and study aims COVID-19 has significantly impacted endoscopic assessment and management of multiple conditions. Our group recommenced treatment of highly symptomatic achalasia patients (Eckardt score ≥ 6) adopting a same-day discharge (SDD) algorithm and present early outcomes of its utilization. Patients and methods We enrolled all outpatients undergoing POEM at a single tertiary referral center. Patients qualified for SDD if all of the following a priori criteria were met: 1) ASA grade I-III; 2) No intraprocedural adverse events (AEs); 3) Secure mucosal closure; 4) Post-procedure pain/nausea responsive to oral medications; and 5) Patients tolerating clear fluids. Results In 17 potential SDD candidates (female 82.4 %, median age 51 years [IQR 48–64]) undergoing POEM, SDD was achieved in 14 (82.4 %). The remaining were admitted due to post-procedure pain/nausea (n = 2) and intraprocedural concerns (capnoperitoneum requiring needle decompression, n = 1). There were no post-procedure AEs or unexpected readmissions. Conclusions This study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of a SDD algorithm for POEM patients and challenges the necessity of routine post-POEM hospital admission. Critically important during the COVID-19 pandemic, this may in fact constitute a changing standard for POEM post-procedure care.
Digital Pseudoquantum Simulation of Z2 Gauge Higgs Model

Abstract: We perform a digital pseudoquantum simulation of Z2 gauge Higgs model on a 3×3 lattice. First we propose the quantum algorithm for the digital quantum simulation, based on Trotter decomposition, quantum adiabatic algorithm and its circuit realization. Then we classically demonstrate it in a GPU simulator, obtaining useful results, which indicate the topological properties of deconfined phase and clarify the phase diagram. Especially, our work suggests that the tricitical point, where the two critical lines of second-order transitions meet, lies on the critical line of the first-order transition rather than its end.
Behind the Scenes: An Exploration of Trigger Biases Problem in Few-Shot Event Classification

Few-Shot Event Classification (FSEC) aims at developing a model for event prediction, which can generalize to new event types with a limited number of annotated data. Existing FSEC studies have achieved high accuracy on different benchmarks. However, we find they suffer from trigger biases that signify the statistical homogeneity between some trigger words and target event types, which we summarize as trigger overlapping and trigger separability. The biases can result in context-bypassing problem, i.e., correct classifications can be gained by looking at only the trigger words while ignoring the entire context. Therefore, existing models can be weak in generalizing to unseen data in real scenarios. To further uncover the trigger biases and assess the generalization ability of the models, we propose two new sampling methods, Trigger-Uniform Sampling (TUS) and COnfusion Sampling (COS), for the meta tasks construction during evaluation. Besides, to cope with the context-bypassing problem in FSEC models, we introduce adversarial training and trigger reconstruction techniques. Experiments show these techniques help not only improve the performance, but also enhance the generalization ability of models.
Reflectionless wave propagation on shallow water with variable bathymetry and current

Abstract In the linear approximation, we study the one-dimensional problem of reflectionless wave propagation on the surface of a shallow duct with spatially varying water depth, duct width and current. We show that both global and bounded exact solutions describing the reflectionless propagation in opposite directions of long waves of arbitrary shape exist for the particular variations of these parameters. A general analysis of the problem is illustrated by a few solutions constructed for the specific cases of spatial profiles of the flow and wave propagation velocities. The results obtained can be of interest to mitigate the possible impact of waves on ships, marine engineering constructions and human activity in coastal zones.
Elliptic stochastic quantization of Sinh-Gordon QFT

The (elliptic) stochastic quantization equation for the (massive) $\cosh(\beta \varphi)_2$ model, for the charged parameter in the $L^2$ regime (i.e. $\beta^2<4 \pi$), is studied. We prove the existence, uniqueness and the properties of the invariant measure of the solution to this equation. The proof is obtained through a priori estimates and a lattice approximation of the equation. For implementing this strategy we generalize some properties of Besov spaces in the continuum to analogous results for Besov spaces on the lattice. As a final result we show how to use the stochastic quantization equation to verify the Osterwalder-Schrader axioms for the $\cosh (\beta \varphi)_2$ quantum field theory, including the exponential decay of correlation functions.
Using a Neural Network Classifier to Select Galaxies with the Most Accurate Photometric Redshifts

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will produce several billion photometric redshifts (photo-z's), enabling cosmological analyses to select a subset of galaxies with the most accurate photo-z. We perform initial redshift fits on Subaru Strategic Program galaxies with deep grizy photometry using Trees for Photo-Z (TPZ) before applying a custom neural network classifier (NNC) tuned to select galaxies with (z phot − z spec)/(1 + z spec) < 0.10. We consider four cases of training and test sets ranging from an idealized case to using data augmentation to increase the representation of dim galaxies in the training set. Selections made using the NNC yield significant further improvements in outlier fraction and photo-z scatter (σ z ) over those made with typical photo-z uncertainties. As an example, when selecting the best third of the galaxy sample, the NNC achieves a 35% improvement in outlier rate and a 23% improvement in σ z compared to using uncertainties from TPZ. For cosmology and galaxy evolution studies, this method can be tuned to retain a particular sample size or to achieve a desired photo-z accuracy; our results show that it is possible to retain more than a third of an LSST-like galaxy sample while reducing σ z by a factor of 2 compared to the full sample, with one-fifth as many photo-z outliers. For surveys like LSST that are not limited by shot noise, this method enables a larger number of tomographic redshift bins and hence a significant increase in the total signal to noise of galaxy angular power spectra.
Galactic Mass Estimates Using Dwarf Galaxies as Kinematic Tracers

New mass estimates and cumulative mass profiles with Bayesian credible regions for the Milky Way (MW) are found using the Galactic Mass Estimator (GME) code and dwarf galaxy (DG) kinematic data from multiple sources. GME takes a hierarchical Bayesian approach to simultaneously estimate the true positions and velocities of the DGs, their velocity anisotropy, and the model parameters for the Galaxy’s total gravitational potential. In this study, we incorporate meaningful prior information from past studies and simulations. The prior distributions for the physical model are informed by the results of Eadie & Jurić, who used globular clusters instead of DGs, as well as by the subhalo distributions of the Ananke Gaia-like surveys from Feedback in Realistic Environments-2 cosmological simulations (see Sanderson et al.). Using DGs beyond 45 kpc, we report median and 95% credible region estimates for r 200 = 212.8 (191.12, 238.44) kpc, and for the total enclosed mass M 200 = 1.19 (0.87, 1.68) × 1012 M ⊙ (adopting Δ c = 200). Median mass estimates at specific radii are also reported (e.g., M (< 50 kpc) = 0.52 × 1012 M ⊙ and M (100 kpc) = 0.78 × 1012 M ⊙). Estimates are comparable to other recent studies using Gaia DR2 and DGs, but notably different from the estimates of Eadie & Jurić. We perform a sensitivity analysis to investigate whether individual DGs and/or a more massive Large Magellanic Cloud on the order of 1011 M ⊙ may be affecting our mass estimates. We find possible supporting evidence for the idea that some DGs are affected by a massive LMC and are not in equilibrium with the MW.
Stochastic approximation with discontinuous dynamics, differential inclusions, and applications

This work develops new results for stochastic approximation algorithms. The emphases are on treating algorithms and limits with discontinuities. The main ingredients include the use of differential inclusions, set-valued analysis, and non-smooth analysis, and stochastic differential inclusions. Under broad conditions, it is shown that a suitably scaled sequence of the iterates has a differential inclusion limit. In addition, it is shown for the first time that a centered and scaled sequence of the iterates converges weakly to a stochastic differential inclusion limit. The results are then used to treat several application examples including Markov decision process, Lasso algorithms, Pegasos algorithms, support vector machine classification, and learning. Some numerical demonstrations are also provided.