Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RF/thermal/structural analysis of the APT LEDA hot model cavity assembly

A three-dimensional ANSYS RF, Thermal, and Structural analysis has been performed for representative LEDA CCDTL RF structures. Geometry was taken from a Parasolid model that was generated by Los Alamos National Laboratory and represented one cavity structure. SUPERFISH results of this cavity were also provided. The ANSYS RF results were compared to SUPERFISH and to MAFIA models of the same cavity. Enough detail was used in the model to obtain heat load distributions for the coupling slot, coupling cavities, and accelerating cavities. These heat load distributions were then used as input for subsequent thermal analysis. Thermal analysis included coolant elements with heat transport capabilities and temperature dependent properties. Steady state temperature and stress distributions were determined at full field levels. Transient thermal analysis was completed to determine maximum thermal gradients and temperature distributions due to RF cycling. Structural analysis was completed to determine the locations of the model that were beyond yield strength. Plastic stress analysis from a single RF cycle was completed to determine permanent yield of the cavity.
Probabilistic Study on Accidental Torsion of Low-Rise Buildings

A probabilistic study on accidental torsion is presented. Multistory shear systems, representative of low-rise buildings and subjected to bidirectional earthquake ground motions are considered. Ductility demands of lateral resisting elements (LREs) due to uncertainties on (1) center-of-mass locations, (2) LRE stiffness, and (3) LRE yield forces were studied. Building code recommendations on accidental torsion as well as the effects of both eccentricity and lateral-force reduction factor are assessed. Results indicate that considering one random variable in the accidental torsion problem can lead to larger ductility-demand probabilities of exceedance than using two or more variables. Individual effects of each one of the variables considered are not superimposed when all variables take place at the same time. For systems designed for torsion, ductility demands of LREs decreases for increasing eccentricities. Increments of yield forces and decrements of probabilities of exceedance due to the use of increasing values of factor β associated with the accidental eccentricity are presented.
Development of a neural network based saturation model for synchronous generator analysis

This paper presents a new approach to model synchronous generator saturation based on a feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) model. The machine loading conditions, excitation levels and rotor positions are all included in the modeling process. The nonlinear saturation characteristics of a three-phase salient-pole synchronous machine rated at 5 kVA and 240 V is studied using the ANN model. An appropriate selection of input/output pattern for the ANN model training based on an error back-propagation scheme is developed using the on-line small-disturbance responses and the well-known maximum-likelihood estimation algorithm. The developed ANN model is implemented in the generator dynamic transient stability study requiring only small computational alteration in saturation model representation.
The Role of Education in Sustainable Dietary Patterns in Slovenia

The most sustainable dietary patterns involve the consumption of plant-based (vegan) foods, excluding or reducing animal products, including meat, fish, and dairy, yet there is a lack of research on determinants of sustainable dietary patterns in central European countries. The present article aimed to examine the prevalence of sustainable dietary practices and attitudes among the Slovenian public and to investigate the role of education in fostering sustainable dietary patterns. We analyzed a representative national sample of Slovenians, with data gathered in 2019 (ISSP/Slovenian Public Opinion; N = 1079; 51.2% females). The results indicate that most Slovenians do not have sustainable dietary practices or attitudes with regard to health, the environment, animals, and dietary minorities. One in four Slovenians consume meat at least once per day and one in two consume meat three to six times per week. In addition, 78.2% of Slovenians consume milk at least three times per week; more than half consume milk daily or more often. Fish consumption is the least frequent among the three food groups. At least two-thirds of Slovenians also hold attitudes that are low in sustainability. Results also show that, after controlling for confounding variables, higher educational level emerged as an independent predictor of lower meat consumption, but not of lower fish or milk consumption. Furthermore, those in the lowest educational group are significantly less likely to hold sustainable attitudes than those in the higher educational group. Finally, current student status only decreases meat consumption. Since our results show an educational gradient in meat consumption and attitudes, public health and environmental campaigns should focus on the less-educated groups, encouraging them to reduce meat intake and fostering more sustainable attitudes.
A Generic Small-Signal Stability Criterion of DC Distribution Power System: Bus Node Impedance Criterion (BNIC)

The dc distribution power system has drawn widespread attention and rapidly developed in recent years; however, its stability issue is one of the urgent challenges, requiring much attention. In previous stability studies, the line impedance network is often overlooked, which is convenient for the geographically centralized systems, but inaccurate for the distributed systems. In this article, the modeling and stability criteria of these two systems are simultaneously studied. For the distributed systems, first, the transfer functions from each input voltage or current disturbance to the bus voltage are derived. On this basis, the sufficient and necessary condition for the system stability is discussed. Subsequently, a bus node impedance criterion (BNIC) is proposed to assess the small-signal stability of the dc distribution power system. For the centralized systems, by ignoring the line impedance network, its small-signal model can be deduced by the distributed system, and the proposed BNIC is proved to be still valid. In addition, some existing impedance-based stability criteria are analyzed and compared with the proposed BNIC. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed BNIC are verified by the cases study and experiments.
Comparative Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 Vaccines in U.S. Veterans

Abstract Background The messenger RNA (mRNA)–based vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 are more than 90% effective against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). However, their comparative effectiveness for a range of outcomes across diverse populations is unknown. Methods We emulated a target trial using the electronic health records of U.S. veterans who received a first dose of the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine between January 4 and May 14, 2021, during a period marked by predominance of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1. 1.7 (alpha) variant. We matched recipients of each vaccine in a 1:1 ratio according to their risk factors. Outcomes included documented severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, symptomatic Covid-19, hospitalization for Covid-19, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for Covid-19, and death from Covid-19. We estimated risks using the Kaplan–Meier estimator. To assess the influence of the B.1. 617.2 (delta) variant, we emulated a second target trial that involved veterans vaccinated between July 1 and September 20, 2021. Results Each vaccine group included 219,842 persons. Over 24 weeks of follow-up in a period marked by alpha-variant predominance, the estimated risk of documented infection was 5.75 events per 1000 persons (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.39 to 6.23) in the BNT162b2 group and 4.52 events per 1000 persons (95% CI, 4.17 to 4.84) in the mRNA-1273 group. The excess number of events per 1000 persons for BNT162b2 as compared with mRNA-1273 was 1.23 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.81) for documented infection, 0.44 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.70) for symptomatic Covid-19, 0.55 (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.83) for hospitalization for Covid-19, 0.10 (95% CI, 0.00 to 0.26) for ICU admission for Covid-19, and 0.02 (95% CI, −0.06 to 0.12) for death from Covid-19. The corresponding excess risk (BNT162b2 vs. mRNA-1273) of documented infection over 12 weeks of follow-up in a period marked by delta-variant predominance was 6.54 events per 1000 persons (95% CI, −2.58 to 11.82). Conclusions The 24-week risk of Covid-19 outcomes was low after vaccination with mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2, although risks were lower with mRNA-1273 than with BNT162b2. This pattern was consistent across periods marked by alpha- and delta-variant predominance. (Funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs and others.)
EFFECT OF ROW AND PLANT SPACINGS ON WEED COMPETITION WITH PINTO BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)

Field experiment was conducted at the agricultural experiment station of Shiraz University at Kushkak in 1996 to quantify the competitive ability of pinto beans (Phaselus vulgaris L. var. Daneshjou) with a naturally occurring population of weeds. An attempt was made to increase the competitive ability of the plants by altering row and plant spacings. An uncontrolled population of weeds reduced pinto bean yields by 75%. The ability of plants to reduce weed dry weight was further enhanced in medium and narrow rows compared to wide rows. Row and plant spacing combinations which maximized leaf area index when grown under weedy conditions also had significantly less weed dry weight. However, row and plant spacings did not reduce weed density. A significant negative correlation was observed between weed dry weight with leaf area index and final yield of pinto bean. For each kg ha -1 increase in weed dry weight, the corresponding pinto bean yield loss averaged 260 g ha -1 . Season-long weed competition significantly reduced total number of pods per plant, number of seed per plant, and 100-seed weight.
The Use of Personality Assessments as a Selection Tool in U.S. Small and Medium-Sized High Impact Firms

This thesis is a comparison of employee selection techniques used by U.S. high impact and non-high impact SMEs to Piotrowski & Armstrong’s (2006) findings on employee selection techniques used by U.S. large companies. Primarily, the focus is on personality and integrity assessments, as these tools, combined with other selection techniques, increase the ability to predict job success as measured by supervisory rating and turnover (Barrick & Mount, 1991; Barrick, Stewart, & Piotrowski, 2002). Personality and integrity assessments have also been shown to reduce adverse hiring practices on minorities (Nga & Sears, 2010; Ones, Schmidt, & Viswesvaran, 1993). Despite the advantages of these assessment tools, empirical research indicates most employers prefer to use the ‘classic trio’ of selection techniques, which include conducting interviews, reviewing applications and CV’s, and contacting references(Cook, 2004). Piotrowski & Armstrong (2006) indicate that less than 29% of large U.S. firms utilize personality or integrity assessments, however, trade publications suggests psychological tests, including personality and integrity assessments, is nearing $2 billion in revenue. This suggests that many more firms are using assessments than reported by recent research. This research was conducted through a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics in the form of frequency tables were used to describe the findings on selection techniques for both high impact and non-high impact SMEs and a comparison to large firms. Results from this project suggest both high impact and non-high impact SMEs use both personality and integrity assessments more often than large firms. The research further demonstrates that similar to research on Italian, German, and British SMEs, American high impact, or knowledge and skills intensive firms, are more likely to have a full-time HR person or group, than similarly related non-high impact firms.
Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Risk Factors for Running-Related Injuries among South African Trail Runners

Trail running involves running on varying natural terrains, often including large elevation gains/losses. Trail running has a high risk of injury, and runners often participate in remote regions where medical support is challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology, clinical characteristic, and associated injury risk factors among trail runners. A modified Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire for Health Problems (OSTRC-H) was used biweekly to collect running-related injury (RRI) and training history data prospectively, among 152 participants (males n = 120, females n = 32) over 30 weeks. We report an overall injury rate of 19.6 RRIs per 1000 h and an RRI mean prevalence of 12.3%. The leading anatomical site of RRIs was the lower limb (82.9%), affecting the knee (29.8%), shin/lower leg (18.0%), and the foot/toes (13.7%). A history of previous RRI in the past 12 months (p = 0.0032) and having a chronic disease (p = 0.0188) are independent risk factors for RRIs among trail runners. Two in three trail runners sustain an RRI mainly affecting the knee, shin/lower leg, and foot/toes. A history of previous RRI in the past 12 months and a having chronic disease is independently associated with RRI among trail runners. These results could be used to develop future RRI prevention strategies, combined with clinical knowledge and experience.
Propagation along a wire placed inside a cavity with an aperture: a comparison of measurements and transmission-line modeling (TLM)

There are many practical situations in which a signal propagates along a wire positioned inside an electromagnetic cavity which may or may not contain significant apertures. The paper considers such a situation and the effects which the cavity and any apertures have on a broadband signal propagating along that wire. Results are presented for the phase and magnitude response of the transmitted signal and for the fields produced in an aperture. Two complementary approaches have been used to determine the response, namely direct measurements and simulations using transmission-line modeling (TLM). Good agreement between measurements and simulations was observed. >
INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF DIRECT ENERGY DEPOSITION ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED 304 STAINLESS STEEL

One of the main considerations in adopting the additive manufacturing (AM) technology is whether the material properties of the AM-produced part are comparable with the wrought material. This study compared the properties of AM-produced 304 stainless steel via the direct energy deposition (DED) AM process with wrought 304 stainless steel. The samples were studied in their as-built or as-received condition; and the characterisation analysis included micro-structural evaluation, hardness tests, Charpy impact testing, tensile testing, and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrated that, in general, the strength characteristics of the AM sample exceeded those of the wrought material other than for toughness.
Acoustic Detector of Road Vehicles Based on Sound Intensity

A method of detecting and counting road vehicles using an acoustic sensor placed by the road is presented. The sensor measures sound intensity in two directions: parallel and perpendicular to the road. The sound intensity analysis performs acoustic event detection. A normalized position of the sound source is tracked and used to determine if the detected event is related to a moving vehicle and to establish the direction of movement. The algorithm was tested on a continuous 24-h recording made in real-world conditions. The overall results were: recall 0.95, precision 0.95, F-score 0.95. In the analysis of one-hour slots, the worst results obtained in dense traffic were: recall 0.9, precision 0.93, F-score 0.91. The proposed method is intended for application in a network of traffic monitoring sensors, such as a smart city system. Its advantages include using a small, low cost and passive sensor, low algorithm complexity, and satisfactory detection accuracy.
Development of Multifunctional CoAl Based Layered Double Hydroxide Protective Film on Aluminum Alloy

A protective CoAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) thin film was developed directly on the aluminum substrate. Further, the low-surface-energy molecules (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H perfluorododecyl trichlorosilane) were incorporated inside the LDH network through an anion exchange mechanism to obtain a superhydrophobic CoAl-LDH surface. The developed films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and additional contact angle measurements were made to evaluate the superhydrophobicity of modified CoAl-LDHs against different solutions. The water contact angle (WCA) of the modified CoAl-LDH surface was observed to be about 153° and remained sufficiently stable after long-term immersion in NaCl solution. The effect of excessive ultrasonication on film structural variations and superhydrophobicity was also analyzed for outdoor applications. The high charge transfer resistance observed from the analysis of long-term electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicates the significant corrosion-resistance properties of the developed CoAl-LDHs. This research on protective CoAl-LDHs will bring insights into the understanding of new aspects of surface protection and implementation in many engineering applications.
Cross-phase modulation in fiber links with multiple optical amplifiers and dispersion compensators

We have theoretically and experimentally investigated the cross-phase modulation (XPM) effect in optical fiber links with multiple optical amplifiers and dispersion compensators. Our theory suggests that the XPM effect can be modeled as a phase modulator with inputs from the intensity of copropagating waves. The frequency response of the phase modulator corresponding to each copropagating wave depends on fiber dispersion, wavelength separation, and fiber length. The total XPM-induced phase shift is the integral of the phase shift contributions from all frequency components of copropagating waves. In nondispersive fibers, XPM is frequency-independent; in dispersive fibers, XPM's frequency response is approximately inversely proportional to the product of frequency, fiber dispersion, and wavelength separation. In an N-segment amplified link, the frequency response of XPM is increased N-fold, but only in very narrow frequency bands. In most other frequency bands, the amount of increase is limited and almost independent of N. However, in an N-segment amplified link with dispersion compensators, the frequency response of XPM is increased N-fold at all frequencies if the dispersion is compensated for within each fiber segment. Thus, the XPM-induced phase shift is smaller in systems employing lumped dispersion compensation than in systems employing distributed dispersion compensation.
Introducing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) into drivers’ training and testing: The young learner drivers’ perspective

Novice drivers attract a lot of the attention in terms of their involvement in traffic accidents, especially during the first period of driving. In the Netherlands, rash rates have been increasing for the inexperienced drivers during the last years, resulting in crash rates that are five times higher than the rates of experienced drivers. Following the traffic safety facts, safety has become a vital asset for the automotive industry over the past decades. The radical development of Advanced Driver Assistance systems (ADAS) has shown potential to compensate for the inabilities of drivers to properly react to risky situations. Thus, they could especially contribute in mitigating novice drivers’ crash involvement by assisting them in performing difficult driving tasks, like hazard detection and speed adaptation. On the other hand, such automation may negatively affect driving behaviour and driving performance in terms of reaction time, situation awareness and increased workload stemming from additional tasks depending on the specific type of ADAS. The main objective of this study is to examine the perception of learner drivers towards in-car driving assistance systems and the possibility of introducing them into drivers’ training and testing. The impact of two specific ADAS is examined, which are the Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Blind Spot Detection (BSD) system. The research methodology included literature review, questionnaire development and in-depth personal interviews. Aspects like the perceived usefulness of the systems and the willingness to use were investigated. The results of the study showed that both systems are considered important for different reasons, based on learner drivers’ perceptions. Relieving the young driver from the stress caused by multitasking, as well as, increasing traffic safety levels lead to ranking the BSD system first in their preferences for driving assistance. The BSD system is considered as an ADAS increasing traffic safety, whereas the ACC system is believed to be luxurious system assisting in harmonising the traffic flow. For these reasons, learner drivers ranked the BSD system at a higher priority over ACC when they were asked about sequence of the systems’ introduction in the drivers’ education. Concerning the systems’ integration in training and testing procedures, their integration should ensure that drivers learn to react safely to all input interfaces and properly perceive all the systems’ indications. The training should also teach drivers about handling systems’ possible failures. Thus, after determining the sequence of the systems’ introduction, theoretical behavioural tests should be made to the trainers before the practical lessons and specific elements need to be included in both training and testing, depending on each system’s specifications and demands. In this way, elements for all levels of drivers’ training, from tactical to strategic, are incorporated.
Priming with Retinoic Acid, an Active Metabolite of Vitamin A, Increases Vitamin A Uptake in the Small Intestine of Neonatal Rats

Given that combined vitamin A (VA) and retinoic acid (RA) supplementation stimulated the intestinal uptake of plasma retinyl esters in neonatal rats, we administrated an RA dose as a pretreatment before VA supplementation to investigate the distinct effect of RA on intestinal VA kinetics. On postnatal days (P) 2 and 3, half of the pups received an oral dose of RA (RA group), while the remaining received canola oil as the control (CN). On P4, after receiving an oral dose of 3H-labeled VA, pups were euthanized at selected times (n = 4–6/treatment/time) and intestine was collected. In both CN and RA groups, intestinal VA mass increased dramatically after VA supplementation; however, RA-pretreated pups had relatively higher VA levels from 10 h and accumulated 30% more VA over the 30-h study. Labeled VA rapidly peaked in the intestine of CN pups and then declined from 13 h, while a continuous increase was observed in the RA group, with a second peak at 10 h and nearly twice the accumulation of 3H-labeled VA compared to CN. Our findings indicate that RA pretreatment may stimulate the influx of supplemental VA into the intestine, and the increased VA accumulation suggests a potential VA storage capacity in neonatal intestine.