Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of postoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on anastomotic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Background Although the association between an increase in anastomotic leakage (AL) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been reported in gastrointestinal surgeries, this issue has rarely been addressed for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We aimed to investigate the association between postoperative NSAIDs administration and clinically relevant AL (CR-AL) following PD. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 2,163 consecutive patients who underwent PD between 2007 and 2019. The patients were divided into two groups; patients who received and did not receive NSAIDs by postoperative day (POD) 5. We conducted a propensity score analysis using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust the baseline differences between both groups. We compared the occurrence of CR-AL and other postoperative outcomes before and after IPTW. Further, we used the multivariable binary logistic regression method for a sensitivity analysis for CR-AL. Results A total of 2,136 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 222 (10.4%) received NSAIDs by POD 5. The overall occurrence rate of CR-AL was 14.9%. After IPTW, postoperative NSAIDs were significantly associated with CR-AL (odds ratio [OR]: 1.24, 95% CI [1.05, 1.47], P = 0.012), prolonged postoperative hospitalization (OR: 1.31, 95% CI [1.14, 1.50], P < 0.001), and unplanned readmission within 30 days postoperatively (OR 1.48: 95% CI [1.15, 1.91], P = 0.002). However, this association was not consistent in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Postoperative NSAIDs use was significantly associated with an increase in CR-AL incidence following PD. However, sensitivity analysis failed to show its association, which precludes a firm conclusion of its detrimental effect.
tDCS effect on prosocial behavior: a meta-analytic review

Abstract Previous studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could potentially promote prosocial behaviors. However, results from randomized controlled trials are inconsistent. The current meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS using single-session protocols on prosocial behaviors in healthy young adults and explore potential moderators of these effects. The results showed that compared with sham stimulation, anodal (excitatory) stimulation significantly increased (g = 0.27, 95% CI [0.11, 0.43], Z = 3.30, P = 0.001) and cathodal (inhibitory) stimulation significantly decreased prosocial behaviors (g = −0.19, 95% CI [−0.39, −0.01], Z = −1.95, P = 0.051) using a multilevel meta-analytic model. These effects were not significantly modulated by stimulation parameters (e.g. duration, intensity and site) and types of prosocial behavior. The risk of publication bias for the included effects was minimal, and no selective reporting (e.g. P-hacking) was found in the P-curve analysis. This meta-analysis showed that both anodal and cathodal tDCS have small but significant effects on prosocial behaviors. The current study provides evidence that prosocial behaviors are linked to the activity of the ‘social brain’. Future studies are encouraged to further explore whether tDCS could effectively treat social dysfunctions in psychiatry disorders.
Admission respiratory status predicts mortality in COVID‐19

COVID‐19 has significant case fatality. Glucocorticoids are the only treatment shown to improve survival, but only among patients requiring supplemental oxygen. WHO advises patients to seek medical care for “trouble breathing,” but hypoxemic patients frequently have no respiratory symptoms. Our cohort study of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients shows that respiratory symptoms are uncommon and not associated with mortality. By contrast, objective signs of respiratory compromise—oxygen saturation and respiratory rate—are associated with markedly elevated mortality. Our findings support expanding guidelines to include at‐home assessment of oxygen saturation and respiratory rate in order to expedite life‐saving treatments patients to high‐risk COVID‐19 patients.
Effect and Mechanism Study of Sodium Houttuyfonate on Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury by Inhibiting ROS and Inflammation

Purpose Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a serious complication of mechanical ventilation (MV) that increases morbidity and mortality of patients receiving ventilator treatment. This study aimed to reveal the molecular mechanism of sodium houttuyfonate (SH) on VILI. Materials and Methods The male mice VILI model was established by high tidal volume ventilation. The cell model was established by performing cell stretch (CS) experiments on murine respiratory epithelial cells MLE-15. In addition, the JNK activator Anisomycin and JNK inhibitor SP600125 were used on VILI mice and CS-treated cells. Results VILI modeling damaged the structural integrity, increased apoptosis and wet-to-dry (W/D) ratio, enhanced the levels of inflammatory factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA), and activated JNK pathway in lung tissues. SH gavage alleviated lung injury, decreased apoptosis and W/D ratio, and reduced levels of inflammatory factors, ROS and MDA, and p-JNK/JNK expression of lung tissues in VILI mice. However, activation of JNK wiped the protective effect of SH on VILI. Contrary results were found in experiments with JNK inhibitor SP600125. Conclusion SH relieved VILI by inhibiting the ROS-mediated JNK pathway.
Brain imaging of cannabinoid type I (CB1) receptors in women with cannabis use disorder and male and female healthy controls

Cannabis effects are predominantly mediated by pharmacological actions on cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors. Prior positron emission tomography (PET) studies in individuals who use cannabis included almost exclusively males. PET studies in females are needed because there are sex differences in cannabis effects, progression to cannabis use disorder (CUD), and withdrawal symptom severity. Females with CUD (N = 10) completed two double‐blind cannabis smoking sessions (Session 1: placebo; Session 2: active), and acute cannabis effects were assessed. After Session 2, participants underwent 3 days of monitored cannabis abstinence; mood, craving, and withdrawal symptoms were assessed and a PET scan (radiotracer: [11C]OMAR) followed. [11C]OMAR Distribution volume (VT) from these participants was compared with VT of age/BMI‐similar female non‐users of cannabis (“healthy controls”; N = 10). VT was also compared between female and male healthy controls (N = 7). Females with CUD displayed significantly lower VT than female healthy controls in specific brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate, and insula). Amygdala VT was negatively correlated with mood changes (anger/hostility) during abstinence, but VT was not correlated with other withdrawal symptoms or cannabis effects. Among healthy controls, females had significantly higher VT than males in all brain regions examined. Chronic cannabis use appears to foster downregulation of CB1 receptors in women, as observed previously in men, and there are inherent sex differences in CB1 availability. Future studies should elucidate the time course of CB1 downregulation among females who use cannabis and examine the relation between CB1 availability and cannabis effects among other populations (e.g., infrequent users; medicinal users).
Use of Tensiomyography in Evaluating Sex-Based Differences in Resistance-Trained Individuals After Plyometric and Isometric Midthigh Pull Postactivation Potentiation Protocols

Abstract Herring, CH, Goldstein, ER, and Fukuda, DH. Use of tensiomyography in evaluating sex-based differences in resistance-trained individuals after plyometric and isometric midthigh pull postactivation potentiation protocols. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1527–1534, 2021—The purposes of this study were to determine if there are sex-based differences in muscular contractile properties as measured by tensiomyography (TMG) and to determine if plyometrics or the isometric midthigh pull are effective methods of eliciting postactivation potentiation (PAP). Thirty strong, resistance-trained men (n = 15) and women (n = 15) underwent 3 testing days consisting of a PAP or control protocol, and pre-TMG and post-TMG and performance testing. Contractile properties from TMG were assessed in the gastrocnemius medial head (GMH), gluteus maximus (GM), rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris (BF). Performance testing included countermovement jumps (CMJs) and 30-m sprints. A time × sex interaction was found for GM delay time with women primarily influencing changes (mean difference = 2.74 ms) rather than men (mean difference = 1.32 ms). Main effects for time revealed an increase in GMH velocity of contraction (+0.004 mm·ms−1) and reductions in GM contraction time (−2.85 ms), GM delay time (−2.03 ms), RF delay time (−0.65 ms), CMJs (−2.74 cm), and 30-m time (0.05 seconds). Main effects for sex revealed greater values in women for GM contraction time (+15.50 ms), GM delay time (+6.65 ms), RF delay time (+2.26 ms), BF contraction time (+8.44 ms), BF delay time (+4.07 ms), BF maximal displacement (+2.27 mm), and 30-m time (+0.67 seconds), and lower values in women for GM velocity of contraction (−0.039 mm·ms−1) and CMJs (−13.46 cm). These findings may help practitioners optimize performance through enhanced assessments for injury risk, targeting specific muscles for training, and by selecting proper CAs and rest periods when using PAP.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and nursing challenges: A review of the early literature.

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has put health systems under unprecedented pressure, challenging their workforce, especially nurses. OBJECTIVE The current paper presented a review of the early literature concerning emerging nursing challenges during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic search of the published literature between January and May 2020 was carried out in Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar to identify relevant quantitative and qualitative studies. RESULTS Twenty-two original articles were retrieved, the majority of which were survey studies from China. Synthesis of the evidence resulted in four overarching themes including "being physically and mentally drained in the face of fear and uncertainty," "shortage of personal protective equipment and usability issues," "psychosomatic disturbances among nurses," and "moderators to mitigate nurses' challenges. " CONCLUSIONS Providing care for demanding COVID-19 patients, nurses experienced a gruelling situation, during which a significant amount of psychological and physical distress was inflicted to them. However, receiving proper support from their organization and society could improve the condition substantially. Further research is required to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses, especially from Western countries.
Efficacy of Epley’s canalith repositioning procedure according to the number of repetitions in the same session: comparison of three protocols

Abstract Background The canalith repositioning manoeuvre (CRM) described by Epley remains a grade A recommended treatment for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) of the posterior semicircular canal (PSC). However, significant variability in the efficacy of Epley CRM has been reported. Aims To compare the treatment efficacy of different combinations of the Epley CRM and Dix-Hallpike retest. Material and methods Patients with PSC BPPV were divided into one of the following three treatment groups. Manoeuvre group (M): patients underwent a single Epley CRM without subsequent Dix-Hallpike retesting. Manoeuvre-Control group (MC): patients underwent up to three Epley CRM followed by Dix-Hallpike retesting until nystagmus resolution. Manoeuvre-Control-Manoeuvre group (MCM): A similar procedure to that used in the MC group except that, after the negative Dix-Hallpike retest, there was an additional CRM. Results A more favourable tendency for recovery was observed in the MCM group. There was a positive odds ratio of 1.1 between groups M and MC at the first control, 2.7 between groups M and MCM, and 2.5 between groups MC and MCM. Conclusions and significance Close repetition of a single Epley CRM after the first effective one would allow a positional retest to be combined with a reduction in the risk of persistent/recurrent BPPV.
How Informational Constraints for Decision-Making on Passing, Dribbling and Shooting Change With the Manipulation of Small-Sided Games Changes in Futsal

In this study, we explored how manipulating floaters’ positions in small-sided futsal games (SSGs) promote changes in the informational constraints that support decision-making (DM) for passing, dribbling and shooting tactics. We made changes in four experimental 3 vs 3 small-sided game conditions with 30 male futsal players (U19 age category): (a) Floaters Off (FO), (b) Final Line Floaters (FLF), (c) Lateral Floaters own field sideline (LFofsl) and (d) Lateral Floaters full field sideline (LFffsl). We assessed players’ activity with WIMU PRO™ software during the SSGs, using the Game Performance Evaluation Tool (GPET) to analyze a total of 1,635 decisions. DM for dribbling was generally based on the interpersonal distance between the ball carrier and direct opponent, considering the defensive team length and the offensive team area. Shooting decisions were constrained, by certain attacking-defending teams’ spatial-temporal relations with regard to playing space and team balance as affected by manipulating floaters’ positions. The coaches’ decisions to change the floaters’ positions during SSGs may change informational variables sustaining the dribbling decision, but no changes in SSG variables affected passing DM.
Are Online Patient Reviews Associated With Health Care Outcomes? A Systematic Review of the Literature

Although online patient reviews (OPRs) are ubiquitous, there has been debate about whether OPRs are associated with measures of health care outcomes. The majority of patients search for online information about a hospital or provider before scheduling an encounter, therefore, the extent to which OPRs are valid information is important. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to examine the extent to which OPRs are associated with measures of patient experience, clinical quality, and other outcomes. We searched Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycInfo, which yielded 32 studies. There were consistent positive correlations between OPRs and patient experience at both the organization and individual provider levels of analysis. However, associations between OPRs and quality measures were mixed. Organizational level OPRs may be more reliable than individual provider OPRs. In addition, the strength of association could be affected by the type of encounter setting, specialty, and specific measures.
Effect of necrotrophic fungus and PGPR on the comparative histochemistry of Vigna radiata by using multiple microscopic techniques

Rapid advances in the field of pathogen detection have opened new opportunities and better understanding for their management approaches. Aim of this study was to elucidate histopathological observations of different tissues affected by Macrophomina phaseolina and to observe the defense responses of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in mungbean plants. Sections of the stem and root were prepared and stained with ferric chloride, Lugol's iodine and Wiesner's reagent and were then observed under multiple microscopic techniques. Results revealed that both pathogen and PGPR produce responses on the plant that include colonization of xylem vessels by hyphae and sclerotia, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the cells, destruction of xylem fibers and amyloplasts in parenchymatous cells; and production of gels by the plant were observed. There was a significant increase in lignin and phenolic compounds deposition in stem and root sections of PGPR treated and non‐treated mungbean plants. Whereas the soil amended with PGPR showed very less to no starch production. Moreover, production of gels and gums were also observed in both stem and root sections. Compared to light microscopy, scanning electron microscope provided greater depth of focus and resolution of the pathogen attack on plant tissues, associated bacteria. As a whole, the data demonstrated that inoculation of PGPR can be an effective strategy to stimulate plant growth and they could significantly activate disease resistance against M. phaseolina.
Effects of Augmented Eccentric Load Bench Press Training on One Repetition Maximum Performance and Electromyographic Activity in Trained Powerlifters

Abstract Montalvo, S, Gruber, LD, Gonzalez, MP, Dietze-Hermosa, MS, and Dorgo, S. Effects of augmented eccentric load bench press training on one repetition maximum performance and electromyographic activity in trained powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1512–1519, 2021—Augmented eccentric load (AEL) training has been shown to elicit greater lower-body muscular strength increases and faster performance improvements compared with traditional strength training. However, it is unknown whether AEL training could provide similar improvements in upper-body muscular strength. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of a 4-week AEL training program on bench press one repetition maximum (1RM) strength, bar kinetics and kinematics, and surface electromyography (EMG) activity. Eight competitive powerlifters completed 5 training sessions consisting of 7 sets of a single repetition with up to 5 minutes rest between sets. Each session was completed at a predetermined AEL percentage consisting of 90% 1RM for concentric and supramaximal loads ranging from 105 to 125% 1RM during the eccentric phase with the use of eccentric hooks. After 4 weeks of AEL training, 1RM performance significantly increased from pretest to posttest (116.62 ± 27.48–124.28 ± 26.96 kg, p = 0.001). In addition, EMG amplitude of the pectoralis major decreased during the 125% AEL session to 59.86 ± 15.36% of pretest 1RM EMG values (p = 0.049, effect sizes [ESs] = 0.69). Furthermore, peak power of 1RM increased by 36.67% from pretest to posttest (p = 0.036, ES = 0.58). These study findings suggest that incorporating AEL bench press training into a 4-week training cycle may be a novel strategy to improve 1RM performance in competitive powerlifters in a short period.
Comparing the Efficacy of Patelet-rich Plasma (PRP) versus Tranexamic Acid (4mg/mL) as Intradermal Treatments of Melasma.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of intradermal platelet-rich-plasma vs. intradermal tranexamic acid in treatment of melasma. STUDY DESIGN Non-randomised controlled trial. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from 1st October 2019 to 30th April 2020. METHODOLOGY Cases of melasma from either gender with age 20-40 years, were included. Diagnosis of melasma was made clinically on the basis of hyperpigmentation at sun-exposed areas and by Wood's lamp. Severity was labelled on the basis of melasma area and severity index (MASI) score. Cases in group A were managed with 1 ml of intradermal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and those in group B were offered intradermal tranexamic acid in a dose of 4 mg. The treatment was offered every 4th week and for a total period of 12 weeks; and final outcome was seen at 24th week. At every visit, the cases were noted for their mean MASI score. RESULTS In this study, there were a total of 64 cases, 32 in each group. There were 19 (59.38%) males in group A and 16 (50%) in group B (p=0.61). Mean age in group A and B was 24.63 ± 9.87 vs. 23.94 ± 8.93 years (p= 0.76). Mean MASI score at baseline was 29.84 ± 5.14 vs. 29.56 ± 4.39, p=0.21. MASI was significantly better in group A at 4 weeks where score was 29.44 ± 5.35 vs. 28.69 ± 4.10, p=0.01. Mean MASI was 12.81 ± 1.78 vs. 18.38 ± 3.50, p=00001 at 12 weeks and 8.72 ± 3.40 vs. 14.97±4.33, p=0.02 at 24 weeks in group A and B, respectively. CONCLUSION Intradermal PRP is significantly better than intradermal tranexamic acid in management of melasma. Key Words: Melasma, Tranexamic acid, PRP, MASI.
Turmeric and vitamin C mitigate testicular atrophy induced by lead diacetate via regulation of GRP‐78/17β‐HSD pathways in rat's model

Occupational and ecological contacts to lead persist as a universal concern. Lead alters most of the physiological processes via enhancing oxidative stress. Thus, this study was purposed to assess the influence of turmeric (TMRC) and/or vitamin C (VIT‐C) on Lead diacetate (Lead diAC)‐induced testicular atrophy with an emphasis on oxidative stress, inflammation, BAX/STAR and GRP‐78/17β‐HSD signalling. Rats were injected with Lead diAC and then treated with TMRC and/or VIT‐C orally for 1 week. Lead diAC decreased serum testosterone and testicular glutathione levels. It also decreased superoxide dismutase activity. On the contrary, levels of malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor‐α, IL‐1β and caspase‐3 were increased. mRNA levels and protein expressions of GRP‐78 and BAX were upregulated, while the expression of both steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 17β‐HSD were downregulated. DNA fragmentation was increased as well. These changes were further confirmed by histopathological findings. Supplementation with TMRC and/or VIT‐C ameliorated all of the above parameters. In Conclusion: TMRC or VIT‐C specially in combination group prevents Lead diAC testicular damage via reduction of oxidative injury as well as inflammation, downregulation of GRP‐78/BAX and upregulation of 17β‐HSD and STAR expression as well as improvement in the histological architecture of the testis.
Influence of calcium channel modulators on the production of serotonin, gentisic acid, and a few other biosynthetically related phenolic metabolites in seedling leaves of salt tolerant rice variety Nonabokra

ABSTRACT Rice, a most salt-sensitive cereal plant, adopts diverse pathways to withstand sodium chloride–induced salinity-related adversities. During the present study, attempt was made to understand the role of calcium on metabolite profile of the leaves of salt tolerant rice seedlings of variety of Nonabokra under sodium chloride induced salinity, by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. Calcium availability in the seedlings was reduced or enhanced applying inhibitors (vanadyl sulfate, lanthanum chloride, and verapamil) or promoters of calcium influx (calcimycin also known as calcium ionophore A23187) in the sodium chloride (100 mM) supplemented growth medium. Growth medium of ten-day-old seedlings was replaced by sodium chloride supplemented hydroponic solution with promotor or inhibitors of calcium channel. Fifteen days old seedlings were harvested. It was observed that depletion of calcium availability increased the level of serotonin and gentisic acid whereas increased calcium level decreased these metabolites. It was concluded from the results that production of the signaling molecules serotonin and gentisic acids was elevated in calcium-deficient seedlings under salt stress the condition that was considered as control during the experiment. The two signaling molecules probably help this tolerant rice variety Nonabokra to withstand the salt-induced adversities.