Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface-enhanced FAST CARS: en route to quantum nano-biophotonics

Abstract Quantum nano-biophotonics as the science of nanoscale light-matter interactions in biological systems requires developing new spectroscopic tools for addressing the challenges of detecting and disentangling weak congested optical signals. Nanoscale bio-imaging addresses the challenge of the detection of weak resonant signals from a few target biomolecules in the presence of the nonresonant background from many undesired molecules. In addition, the imaging must be performed rapidly to capture the dynamics of biological processes in living cells and tissues. Label-free non-invasive spectroscopic techniques are required to minimize the external perturbation effects on biological systems. Various approaches were developed to satisfy these requirements by increasing the selectivity and sensitivity of biomolecular detection. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopies provide many orders of magnitude enhancement of chemically specific Raman signals. Femtosecond adaptive spectroscopic techniques for CARS (FAST CARS) were developed to suppress the nonresonant background and optimize the efficiency of the coherent optical signals. This perspective focuses on the application of these techniques to nanoscale bio-imaging, discussing their advantages and limitations as well as the promising opportunities and challenges of the combined coherence and surface enhancements in surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SECARS) and tip-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (TECARS) and the corresponding surface-enhanced FAST CARS techniques. Laser pulse shaping of near-field excitations plays an important role in achieving these goals and increasing the signal enhancement.
The number of Bh ‐sets of a given cardinality

For any integer h⩾2 , a set A of integers is called a Bh ‐set if all sums a1+⋯+ah , with a1,…,ah∈A and a1⩽⋯⩽ah , are distinct. We obtain essentially sharp asymptotic bounds for the number of Bh ‐sets of a given cardinality that are contained in the interval {1,⋯,n} . As a consequence of these bounds, we determine, for any integer m⩽n , the cardinality of the largest Bh ‐set contained in a typical m ‐element subset of {1,…,n} .
Is intrathoracic tracheal collapsibility correlated to clinical phenotypes and sex in patients with COPD?

: A substantial proportion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops various degree of intrathoracic tracheal collapsibility. We studied whether the magnitude of intrathoracic tracheal collapsibility could be different across clinical phenotypes and sex in COPD. Intrathoracic tracheal collapsibility measured at paired inspiratory– expiratory low dose computed tomography (CT) and its correlation with clinical, functional, and CT-densitometric data were investigated in 69 patients with COPD according to their predominant conductive airway or emphysema phenotypes and according to sex. Intrathoracic tracheal collapsibility was higher in patients with predominant conductive airway disease (n = 28) and in females (n = 27). Women with a predominant conductive airway phenotype (n = 10) showed a significantly greater degree of collapsibility than women with predominant emphysema (28.9% ± 4% versus 11.6% ± 2%; P  0.001). Intrathoracic tracheal collapsibility was directly correlated with inspiratory–expiratory volume variation at CT and with forced expiratory volume (1 second), and inversely correlated with reduced CT lung density and functional residual capacity. Intrathoracic tracheal collapsibility was not correlated with cough and wheezing; however, intrathoracic tracheal collapsibility and clinical phenotypes of COPD are closely correlated. In patients with a predominant emphysematous phenotype, a reduced collapsibility may reflect the mechanical properties of the stiff hyperinflated emphysematous lung. The high collapsibility in patients with predominant airway disease, mild airway obstruction, and in women with this phenotype may reflect chronic airway inflammation. The lack of relationship with such symptoms as wheezing, cough, and dyspnea could indicate that intrathoracic tracheal collapsibility itself should be considered neither an abnormal feature of COPD nor a relevant clinical
The Effect of Income Taxation on Consumption and Labor Supply

We estimate the incentive effects of income taxation in a life‐cycle model of consumption and labor supply without intratemporal strong separability. We find that consumption and hours worked are direct complements in utility; both increase with a compensated increase in the net wage. The compensated net wage elasticity is about 0.3, nearly double estimates for U.S. men from a linear labor supply specification. Estimated intertemporal elasticities indicate significant intertemporal smoothing of utility. The estimated marginal welfare cost of government revenue is 6%–20%, which is about half the estimated welfare cost when additivity between consumption and leisure is incorrectly imposed.
On the uncertainty of measurement of dynamic stiffness of resilient materials

The apparent dynamic stiffness of resilient materials used for example under floating floors is measured according to the standard ISO 9052-1:1989 (EN 29052-1:1992). Basically, the material under test is loaded by a load plate corresponding to 200 kg/m2 and the resonance frequency of the first vertical mode of the mass-spring system formed by the load plate and the resilient material under test is determined. The resonance frequency then gives the dynamic stiffness. The standard allows for several excitation techniques such as swept sine, continuous noise, or impact excitation. Additionally, vibration excitation at the base as well as force excitation on the load plate is allowed. In this study, the uncertainty because of excitation of multiple vibration modes is investigated in detail. A model for the load plate on an elastic foundation representing the test setup is developed. The model is verified towards measurements and a parameter study is performed. The results show that additional modes may be exc.
Pengaruh Modal dan Tenaga Kerja terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) pada Industri Tas dan Koper

Pembangunan pada sektor industri kecil atau yang biasa kita kenal dengan sebutan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) yang perlu diarahkan agar mampu berkembang dan mampu membantu meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat. Modal kerja dan tenaga kerja merupakan salah satu unsur terpenting untuk menjalankan kegiatan operasional industri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, berdasarkan sumbernya data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari, yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh modal dan tenaga kerja terhadap pendapatan UMKM. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu 49 pekerja UMKM tas dan koper princess. Sementara sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan sampel titik jenuh yakni 49 pekerja UMKM tas dan koper princess. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah modal dan tenaga kerja berpengaruh baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap pendapatan UMKM.
Detection of Thermoacoustic Instabilities via Nonparametric Bayesian Markov Modeling of Time Series Data

Real-time detection and decision and control of thermoacoustic instabilities in confined combustors are challenging tasks due to the fast dynamics of the underlying physical process. The objective here is to develop a dynamic data-driven algorithm for detecting the onset of instabilities with short-length time-series data, acquired by available sensors (e.g., pressure and chemiluminescence), which will provide sufficient lead time for active decision and control. To this end, this paper proposes a Bayesian nonparametric method of Markov modeling for real-time detection of thermoacoustic instabilities in gas turbine engines; the underlying algorithms are formulated in the symbolic domain and the resulting patterns are constructed from symbolized pressure measurements as probabilistic finite state automata (PFSA). These PFSA models are built upon the framework of a (low-order) finitememory Markov model, called the D-Markov machine, where a Bayesian nonparametric structure is adopted for: (i) automated selection of parameters in D-Markov machines and (ii) online sequential testing to provide dynamic data-driven and coherent statistical analyses of combustion instability phenomena without solely relying on computationally intensive (physics-based) models of combustion dynamics. The proposed method has been validated on an ensemble of pressure time series from a laboratory-scale combustion apparatus. The results of instability prediction have been compared with those of other existing techniques. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4037288]
Replacement of soybean cake by Hermetia illucens meal in diets for layers

Insects will likely play an important role as protein sources for livestock in the future. Many insect species are able to convert materials not suitable for human nutrition – or even waste – into valuable protein with a favourable amino acid composition for poultry and other livestock. A feeding trial with partly de-fatted meal of dried Hermetia illucens larvae (Hermetia meal) reared on vegetarian by-products of the pasta and convenience food industry was carried out in small groups of Lohmann Selected Leghorn laying hens (four rounds, 10 hens/round). Experimental diets H12 and H24 contained 12 and 24 g/100 g Hermetia meal replacing 50 or 100% of soybean cake used in the control feed, respectively. After three weeks of feeding experimental diets, there were no significant differences between feeding groups with regard to performance (egg production, feed intake). There was a tendency (P=0.06) for lower albumen weight in the H24 group; yolk and shell weights did not differ. No mortality and no sign of health disorders occurred. Plumage as well as wound scores remained stable during the feeding period and did not differ between treatments. Dry matter of faeces increased with increasing proportions of Hermetia meal in the diet, with a significant difference between H24 and the control (P=0.03). An increase of black faecal pads was observed in the H12 and H24 groups. Overall, these results suggest Hermetia meal can be a valuable component of layer diets. However, insect meal production still has to become economically more viable through upscaling production and, especially, legislative issues have to be solved.
Temporal Aggregation of Seasonally Near‐Integrated Processes

We investigate the implications that temporally aggregating, either by average sampling or systematic (skip) sampling, a seasonal process has on the integration properties of the resulting series at both the zero and seasonal frequencies. Our results extend the existing literature in three ways. First, they demonstrate the implications of temporal aggregation for a general seasonally integrated process with S seasons. Second, rather than only considering the aggregation of seasonal processes with exact unit roots at some or all of the zero and seasonal frequencies, we consider the case where these roots are local‐to‐unity such that the original series is near‐integrated at some or all of the zero and seasonal frequencies. These results show, among other things, that systematic sampling, although not average sampling, can impact on the non‐seasonal unit root properties of the data; for example, even where an exact zero frequency unit root holds in the original data it need not necessarily hold in the systematically sampled data. Moreover, the systematically sampled data could be near‐integrated at the zero frequency even where the original data is not. Third, the implications of aggregation on the deterministic kernel of the series are explored. ‐142
Tenth graders’ problem-solving performance, self-efficacy, and perceptions of physics problems with different representational formats

Numerical and symbolic representations are used extensively in physics problems. However, relatively little is understood about how students respond to these two representational formats when they are solving problems. This study examined the effect of the representational format (numeric vs symbolic) on the problem-solving performance, self-efficacy, and perceptions of students. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected during this two-stage study: the first stage involved 100 10th graders solving problems that were in either the numerical or symbolic format, while in the second stage a subset of the students (6 from each group) solved physics problems in another format and were subsequently interviewed. The results showed that the numerical group significantly outperformed the symbolic group. Moreover, boys reported significantly higher self-efficacy than girls, even though no gender difference was found in their performance. In the problem-solving process, there were significant differences in how the interviewees performed when executing the plan and evaluating the solution between the two formats. We also found that most students perceived the symbolic problems as being more difficult than the numeric ones. These findings provide insights into better ways for teachers to support how students learn about physics problems in the numerical and symbolic representations.
Two examples of reaction-diffusion front propagation in heterogeneous media

The aim of this thesis is to study two examples of propagation phenomena in heterogeneous reaction-diffusion equations.The purpose of the first part is to understand the effect of nonlocal exchanges between a line of fast diffusion and a two dimensional environment in which reaction-diffusion of KPP type occurs. The initial model was introduced in 2013 by Berestycki, Roquejoffre, and Rossi. In the first chapter we investigate how the nonlocal coupling between the line and the plane enhances the spreading in the direction of the line; we also investigate how different exchange functions may maximize or not the spreading speed.The second chapter is concerned with the singular limit of nonlocal exchanges that tend to Dirac masses. We show the convergence of the dynamics in a rather strong sense. In the third chapter we study the limit of long range exchanges with constant mass. It gives an infimum for the asymptotic speed of spreading for these models that still could be bigger than the usual KPP spreading speed.The second part of this thesis is concerned with entire solutions for heterogeneous bistable equations.We consider a two dimensional domain infinite in one direction, bounded in the other, that converges to a cylinder as x goes to minus infinity. We prove the existence of an entire solution in such a domain which is the bistable wave for t tends to minus infinity. It also lead us to investigate a one dimensional model with a non-homogeneous reaction term,for which we prove the same property.
Resonance interaction between two two-level entangled atoms in cosmic string spacetime

We investigate the influence of a cosmic string on the resonance interaction between two identical two-level entangled atoms mediated by a fluctuating electromagnetic field in the vacuum state. We separately consider two representative configurations of the system and give the corresponding analytical expressions of interatomic interaction energy for the special case of a ‘quantized string’ with integer ν. The results indicate that the resonance interatomic interaction energy depends crucially upon the relative position between the two atoms, their respective locations and polarizabilities relative to the string. As these parameters change, we show that the presence of the cosmic string can enhance or weaken and even produce or prohibit the interatomic resonance interaction. Our work suggests that the nontrivial spacetime topology due to the cosmic string can influence the field-mediated interatomic interaction significantly.
Dimerization and exotic criticality in spin-S chains

In this thesis we have studied the emergence of spontaneously dimerized phases in frustrated spin-S chains, with emphasis on the nature of the critical lines between the dimerized and non-dimerized phases. The main numerical method used in this thesis is the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG). The DMRG algorithm is a relatively old and well established method for the investigation of the ground-state. In this thesis, we show how to use this algorithm to calculate the excitation spectra of one-dimensional critical systems, known in the context of conformal field theory as conformal towers of states. We have demonstrated that the method works very well for two simple minimal models (the transverse-field Ising model and the three-state Potts model), and we have used it systematically to identify the universality classes and the underlying conformal field theories of various one-dimensional spin systems. It has been known for a long time that the transition to a spontaneously dimerized phase in a spin-1 chain can be either continuous, in the Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) SU(2) level 2 universality class, or first order. By combining a careful numerical investigation with a conformal field theory analysis, we were able to detect in a frustrated spin-1 chain with competing next-nearest-neighbor and three-site interactions the presence of yet another type of continuous phase transition that belongs to the Ising universality class. In contrast to the WZW SU(2) level 2 critical line, at which the singlet-triplet gap closes, the Ising transition occurs entirely in the singlet sector, while the singlet-triplet gap remains open. The use of the standard DMRG approach, along the lines mentioned above, has allowed us to provide explicit numerical evidence for the presence of a conformal tower of singlets inside the spin gap. Moreover, according to field theory, a WZW SU(2) level k critical line can turn into a first order transition due to the presence of a marginal operator in the WZW SU(2) level k model. A careful investigation of the conformal towers along the critical lines has allowed us to find the precise location of this point in both S=1 and S=3/2 chains. We have also shown that the nature of the continuous dimerization transitions is related to the topological properties of the corresponding phases, and that the phase diagrams of various frustrated spin chains can be effectively extracted by looking at the local topological order parameter - the degeneracy of the lowest state in the entanglement spectrum. When coupled with the conformal field theory of open systems, DMRG appears to be an extremely powerful tool to characterize not only the phase diagram and the ground-state correlations of quantum one-dimensional systems, but also the excitation spectrum and the conformal structure along critical lines.
Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS): I. The prototypical dark cloud TMC 1.

GEMS is an IRAM 30m Large Program whose aim is determining the elemental depletions and the ionization fraction in a set of prototypical star-forming regions. This paper presents the first results from the prototypical dark cloud TMC 1. Extensive millimeter observations have been carried out with the IRAM 30m telescope (3 mm and 2 mm) and the 40m Yebes telescope (1.3 cm and 7 mm) to determine the fractional abundances of CO, HCO+, HCN, CS, SO, HCS+, and N2H+ in three cuts which intersect the dense filament at the well-known positions TMC 1-CP, TMC 1-NH3, and TMC 1-C, covering a visual extinction range from A V ~ 3 to ~20 mag. Two phases with differentiated chemistry can be distinguished: i) the translucent envelope with molecular hydrogen densities of 1-5×103 cm-3; and ii) the dense phase, located at A V > 10 mag, with molecular hydrogen densities >104 cm-3. Observations and modeling show that the gas phase abundances of C and O progressively decrease along the C+/C/CO transition zone (A V ~ 3 mag) where C/H ~ 8×10-5 and C/O~0.8-1, until the beginning of the dense phase at A V ~ 10 mag. This is consistent with the grain temperatures being below the CO evaporation temperature in this region. In the case of sulfur, a strong depletion should occur before the translucent phase where we estimate a S/H ~ (0.4 - 2.2) ×10-6, an abundance ~7-40 times lower than the solar value. A second strong depletion must be present during the formation of the thick icy mantles to achieve the values of S/H measured in the dense cold cores (S/H ~8×10-8). Based on our chemical modeling, we constrain the value of ζ H2 to ~ (0.5 - 1.8) ×10-16 s-1 in the translucent cloud.
European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis

The fourth edition of the European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis was published by the European Commission in 2006. The present supplements to the fourth edition have been produced by the same groups of experts originally established under the Europe Against Cancer programme that have developed and updated the guidelines since the early 1990s. Over the years, the scope and the depth of the multidisciplinary guidelines have expanded, and recommendations and protocols have been updated to keep pace with developments in the field. The present supplements lay a cornerstone for a new, completely revised fifth edition of the guidelines
Aerosol Optical Characteristics in Fukuoka and Beijing Measured by Integrating Nephelometer and Aethalometer: Comparison of Source and Downstream Regions

Akihiro UCHIYAMA Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan Bin CHEN Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, China Akihiro YAMAZAKI Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan Guangyu SHI Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Rei KUDO Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan Chiharu NISHITA-HARA, Masahiko HAYASHI Fukuoka Institute for Atmospheric Environment and Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan Ammara HABIB Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China and Tsuneo MATSUNAGA Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (Manuscript received 28 February 2017, in final form 19 January 2018)
Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 33 BARIUM AND BARIUM COMPOUNDS

The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), established in 1980, is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the World Health Organization (WHO). The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals.