Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local and regional induction in the British Isles

Electric currents induced in the shallow seas and deep ocean around the British Isles have a profound effect upon the electromagnetic fields observed at stations on the land. The configuration of anomalous currents changes with frequency, and causes corresponding changes in the geomagnetic transfer functions. Magnetic variations have been recorded at a dense network of sites in southern Scotland and northern England. Single­ station transfer functions have been used to generate hypothetical event maps of the anomalous vertical field, and hence to infer the configuration of the anomalous internal currents. At periods exceeding 2000 s, the vertical field is dominated by the effects of electric currents to the west, presumably in the Atlantic Ocean . In the period range 400-2000 s, anomalous currents are concentrated in a thin sheet comprising the shallow seas, the t hick sequences of post-Caledonian sedimentary rock which underlie them, and the extensions of the sedimentary basins into the land. The response of the individual basin is determined not only by its local conductivity structure, but also by the extent of its connection to the shallow seas,i.e. its regional importance within the conductive sheet. At periods less than 200 s on the other hand, the anomalous fields at inland sites are principally determined by the local geological structure . These results confirm conclusions reached from theoretical studies of electromagnetic induction in a heterogeneous surface layer (Park, Orange & Madden); that electromagnetic response data measured in a 3-D environment such as the Northumberland Basin must be interpreted using 3-D models . If one or 2-D models are used, the data must be corrected on the basis of regional measurements.
TNF- > Antagonist Use and Risk of Hospitalization for Infection in a National Cohort of Veterans With Rheumatoid Arthritis

: Medications used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may confer an increased risk of infection. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of veterans with RA followed in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs health care system from October 1998 through September 2005. Risk of hospitalization for infection associated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- > antagonists therapy was measured using an extension of Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for demo- graphic characteristics, comorbid illnesses, and other medications used to treat RA. A total of 20,814 patients met inclusion criteria, including 3796 patients who received inﬂiximab, etanercept, or adalimumab. Among the study cohort, 1465 patients (7.0%) were hospitalized at least once for infection. There were 1889 hospitalizations for infection. The most common hospitalized infections were pneumonia, bronchitis, and cellulitis. Age and several comorbid medical conditions were associated with hospitalization for infection. Prednisone (hazard ratio E HR ^ , 2.14; 95% conﬁdence interval E CI ^ , 1.88 Y 2.43) and TNF- > antagonist use (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02 Y 1.50) were associated with hospitalization for infection, while the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) other than TNF- > antagonists was not. Compared to etanercept, inﬂiximab was associated with risk for hospitalization for infec- tion (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.14 Y 2.00), while adalimumab use was not (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.68 Y 1.33). In all treatment groups, rate of hospitalization for infection was highest in the ﬁrst 8 months of therapy. We conclude that patients with RA who are treated with TNF- > antagonists are at higher risk for hospitalization for infection than those treated with other DMARDs. Prednisone use is also a risk factor for hospitalization for infection. ( Y Abbreviations: CI = conﬁdence interval, DMARD = disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, HFI = hospitalization for infection, HR = hazard ratio, ICD-9-CM = International Classiﬁcation of 9, Clinical Modiﬁcation, = National Hospital Discharge Survey, RA = rheumatoid arthritis, TNF- > = tumor necrosis factor- > , VA = Veterans
Influence of Global Warming on Baroclinic Rossby Radius in the Ocean: A Model Intercomparison

Abstract Results from eight ocean–atmosphere general circulation models are used to evaluate the influence of the projected changes in the oceanic stratification on the first baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation in the ocean, associated with atmospheric CO2 increase. For each of the models, an oceanic state corresponding to the A1B stabilization experiment (with atmospheric CO2 concentration of 720 ppm) is compared to a state corresponding to the preindustrial control experiment (with atmospheric CO2 concentration of 280 ppm). In all of the models, the first baroclinic Rossby radius increases with increasing oceanic stratification in the warmer climate. There is, however, a considerable range among the models in the magnitude of the increase. At the latitudes of intense eddy activity associated with instability of western boundary currents (around 35°–40°), the increase reaches 4 km on average, or about 15% of the local baroclinic Rossby radius. Some of the models predict an increase of the baroclinic .
Delayed release pancrelipase for treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency associated with chronic pancreatitis

: Pancreatic enzyme supplements (PES) are used in chronic pancreatitis (CP) for correction of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) as well as pain and malnutrition. The use of porcine pancreatic enzymes for the correction of exocrine insufficiency is governed by the pathophysiology of the disease as well as pharmacologic properties of PES. Variability in bioequivalence of PES has been noted on in vitro and in vivo testing and has been attributed to the differences in enteric coating and the degree of micro-encapsulation. As a step towards standardizing pancreatic enzyme preparations, the Food and Drug Administration now requires the manufacturers of PES to obtain approval of marketed formulations by April 2010. In patients with treatment failure, apart from evaluating drug and dietary interactions and compliance, physicians should keep in mind that patients may benefit from switching to a different formulation. The choice of PES (enteric coated versus non-enteric coated) and the need for acid suppression should be individualized. There is no current standard test for evaluating adequacy of therapy in CP patients and studies have shown that optimization of therapy based on symptoms may be inadequate. Goals of therapy based on overall patient presentation and specific laboratory tests rather than mere correction of steatorrhea are needed.
Monthly Variations of Physico-Chemical Characteristics and phytoplankton species diversity as index of water quality in Euphrates River in Al-Hindiya barrage and Kifil City region of Iraq

The present study was designed to demonstrate the seasonal variations in physico-chemical and biological characteristics of the water in the Euphrates River in Al – Hindiya region and kifil city for a period of nine months from October 2011 to June 2012. Water samples were collected on a monthly basis and analyzed for estimation of air and water temperature, pH,conductivity concentration and salinity, total dissolved solids,dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, total hardness,calcium and magnesium hardness,nitrite, nitrate andphosphorus concentration were also recorded.A total of 167 species belonging to 7 divisions have been identified, including Bacillariophyta (75 species, 7 centrals, 68 panels), Cyanophyta (40 species), Chlorophyta (33 species), Euglenophyta (7 species), Chrysophyta (5 species), Dinophyta (4 species) and Cryptophyta (3 species). Some algal genera dominated mostly in the study such as Nitzschia, Gomphonema, Cymbella, Synedra, Phormidium, Scendesmus and Euglena . High monthly density of Phytoplankton recorder in station 4 (2942.7 cell×10 3 /liter) through December and low monthly density in same station (1.4 cell×10 3 /liter) through January.The diversity indices popularly used, including Shannon diversity index (H’), species richness index (SR), the Evennes Index (J), and use Similarity Coefficient included (Sorensen Coefficient Cs, Jaccard Presence JC, Ellenberg Similarity Index (ISE). The correlation between the physico-chemical parameters with phytoplankton density and Taxa have been made. The results obtained are tabulated and discussed. Key words: Phytoplanktondiversity,physico-chemical parameters, pollution,Euphrates River
Bacterial Toxicity of Potassium Tellurite: Unveiling an Ancient Enigma

Biochemical, genetic, enzymatic and molecular approaches were used to demonstrate, for the first time, that tellurite (TeO(3) (2-)) toxicity in E. coli involves superoxide formation. This radical is derived, at least in part, from enzymatic TeO(3) (2-) reduction. This conclusion is supported by the following observations made in K(2)TeO(3)-treated E. coli BW25113: i) induction of the ibpA gene encoding for the small heat shock protein IbpA, which has been associated with resistance to superoxide, ii) increase of cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS) as determined with ROS-specific probe 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H(2)DCFDA), iii) increase of carbonyl content in cellular proteins, iv) increase in the generation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs), v) inactivation of oxidative stress-sensitive [Fe-S] enzymes such as aconitase, vi) increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, vii) increase of sodA, sodB and soxS mRNA transcription, and viii) generation of superoxide radical during in vitro enzymatic reduction of potassium tellurite.
Impairments in 366 Healthcare Workers Following COVID-19: An 11-Month Follow-up.

Background and Objectives: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions (OD, GD) are prevalent symptoms following COVID-19 and persist in 6%-44% of individuals in the first months after the infection. As only few reports have described their prognosis more than 6 months later, the main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of OD and GD 11 months after COVID-19. We also aimed to determine test-retest reliability of subjective chemosensory ratings for the follow-up of chemosensory sensitivity, as this measure is often used for remote follow-up. Methods: Inclusion criteria included a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection; exclusion criteria were the presence of other respiratory infections and chronic sinusitis. To assess whether OD and GD had changed compared to pre-pandemic levels, we designed an observational study and distributed an online questionnaire assessing quantitative chemosensory function to healthcare workers 5 and 11 months after COVID-19. Specifically, we assessed olfaction, gustation, and trigeminal sensitivity (10-point visual analog scale) and function (4-point Likert scale) separately. We further assessed clinically relevant OD using the Chemosensory Perception Test, a psychophysical test designed to provide a reliable remote olfactory evaluation. Qualitative chemosensory dysfunction was also assessed. Results: We included a total of 366 participants (mean age of 44.8 years old (SD: 11.7)). They completed the last online questionnaire 10.6 months (SD: 0.7) after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Of all participants, 307 (83.9%) and 301 (82.2%) individuals retrospectively reported lower olfactory or gustatory sensitivity during the acute phase of COVID-19. Eleven months later, 184 (50.3%) and 163 (44.5%) indicated reduced chemosensory sensitivity, 32.2% reported impairment of olfactory function while 24.9% exhibited clinically relevant OD. Three variables predicted OD at follow-up, namely chest pain and GD during COVID-19 and presence of of
Modern incursions of tropical Radiolaria into the Arctic Ocean

Plankton samples obtained by the Norwegian Polar Institute (August, 2010) in an area north of Svalbard contained an unusual abundance of tropical and subtropical radiolarian taxa (98 in 145 total observed taxa), not typically found at these high latitudes. A detailed analysis of the composition and abundance of these Radiolaria suggests that a pulse of warm Atlantic water entered the Norwegian Sea and finally entered into the Arctic Ocean, where evidence of both juvenile and adult forms suggests they may have established viable populations. Among radiolarians in general, this may be a good example of ecotypic plasticity. Radiolaria, with their high species number and characteristic morphology, can serve as a useful monitoring tool for pulses of warm water into the Arctic Ocean. Further analyses should be followed up in future years to monitor the fate of these unique plankton assemblages and to determine variation in northward distribution and possible penetration into the polar basin. The fate of this tropical fauna (persistence, disappearance, or genetic intermingling with existing taxa) is presently unknown. The current event may not be unique, nor a consequence of global warming, because analyses of sediment samples suggest that several natural pulses of warm water of this kind occurred in the prior century and, indeed, there may be more in years to come.
Block design reconstruction skills: not a good candidate for an endophenotypic marker in autism research

j Abstract Superior performance on block design tasks is reported in autistic individuals, although it is not consistently found in high-functioning individuals or individuals with Asperger Syndrome. It is assumed to reﬂect weak central coherence: an underlying cognitive deﬁcit, which might also be part of the genetic makeup of the disorder. We assessed block design reconstruction skills in high-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) from multi-incidence families and in their parents. Performance was compared to relevant matched control groups. We used a task that was assumed to be highly sensitive to subtle performance differences. We did not ﬁnd individuals with ASD to be signiﬁcantly faster on this task than the matched control group, not even when the difference between reconstruction time of segmented and pre-segmented designs was compared. However, we found individuals with ASD to make fewer errors during the process of reconstruction which might indi-cate some dexterity in mental segmentation. However, parents of individuals with ASD did not perform better on the task than control parents. Therefore, based on our data, we conclude that mental segmentation ability as measured with a block design reconstruction task is not a neurocognitive marker or endophenotype useful in genetic studies.
SKA2 mediates invasion and metastasis in human breast cancer via EMT

Spindle and kinetochore-associated protein 2 (SKA2) is essential for regulating the progression of mitosis. In recent years, SKA2 upregulation has been detected in various human malignancies and the role of SKA2 in tumorigenesis has received increasing attention. However, the expression and functional significance of SKA2 in breast cancer are not completely understood. To study the effects of SKA2 on breast cancer, the expression levels of SKA2 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines were evaluated by western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. The results demonstrated that SKA2 expression was increased in breast cancer tissues and cells, and SKA2 overexpression was associated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. Functional investi-gations revealed that SKA2 knockdown in breast cancer cells significantly reduced migration and invasion, and resulted in the decreased expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9. Furthermore, the typical microtubule arrangement was altered in SKA2 small interfering RNA (siSKA2)-transfected cells. Reduced levels of SKA2 also downregulated the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins, including fibronectin, N-cadherin and vimentin, whereas there were no alterations in the protein expression levels of E-cadherin. Conversely, upregulation of SKA2 decreased the expression levels of E-cadherin, and increased N‑cadherin, fibronectin and vimentin levels. Notably, it was demonstrated that E-cadherin was translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in siSKA2-transfected cells. These results demonstrated that SKA2 may be associated with breast cancer metastasis, and siSKA2 inhibited the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer via translocation of E-cadherin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
Sensitivity of cirrus cloud albedo, bidirectional reflectance and optical thickness retrieval accuracy to ice particle shape

We examine the sensitivity of cirrus cloud albedo and bidirectional reflection function to particle shape using the phase functions of liquid water spheres, regular hexagonal ice crystals, and random-fractal ice particles calculated at a nonabsorbing visible wavelength of 0.63 μm. Accurate multiple-scattering calculations for plane-parallel clouds show that hexagonal ice crystal clouds have systematically larger planetary and global albedos than liquid water clouds of the same optical thickness. There is accumulating evidence that the idealized phase function of regular hexagonal crystals, which causes pronounced halos, is not necessarily the best representation of the range of reflectance characteristics of the majority of ice clouds. A more typical representation of the scattering phase function for ice clouds that are composed of a complex set of crystal shapes and sizes may be obtained using a model of randomly shaped irregular particles. Even larger cloud albedos are obtained for the random-fractal particle model because of its smaller asymmetry parameter. Our computations also show that a larger planetary albedo does not always imply a larger reflectance and that the relative brightness of ice versus liquid water clouds is highly scattering-geometry dependent. Use of the wrong particle shape model (crystal instead of water droplet and vice versa) in retrieving cloud optical thickness from bidirectional reflectance measurements can result in an underestimation or overestimation of the true optical thickness by a factor that can exceed 3. At some scattering geometries, use of the wrong model can give an unrealistically large optical thickness or no solution at all. Overall, bidirectional reflectance differences between random-fractal and regular hexagonal particle shapes are significantly smaller than those between either ice crystal and liquid water spheres, except at the back scattering direction.
Geological structure of Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand, from seismic reflection profiling

Abstract Three Mini-Sosie™ seismic reflection profiles across part of southern Wairarapa, North Island, with a combined length of 22 km roughly normal to the main structural trend, reveal shallow crustal structure down to a depth of 1.5 km in upper Cenozoic strata hidden below upper Quaternary gravel deposits. Our stratigraphic correlation of the seismic data is based on the closest mapped outcrops, as there are no deep drill-holes. (™ Trademark of Societe Nationale Elf Aquitane). A profile across the Huangarua Valley, 5 km southeast of Martinborough (Line 101,3 km long) defines an asymmetrical syncline verging southeastward and formed during the last one million years, as previously described from geological outcrop. Profiles across the Wairarapa Plain, intersecting Highway 2 at a point 3.5 km southwest of Masterton (Lines 201 and 202, combined length c. 19 km) reveal the following structures south-eastward from the Alfredton Fault at the north-western edge of the Wairarapa Plain. 1. Chester Anticline fo.
Influence of Nonassociativity on the Bearing Capacity of a Strip Footing

This paper examines the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip footing located at the surface of a homogeneous soil. The approach adopted involves a numerical solution of the equations governing elastic-plastic soils with a nonassociative flow rule and makes use of the finite-difference code FLAC. This code is utilized to obtain the three bearing capacity factors for a wide range of values of the friction angle for four different values of the angle of dilation. The values of the bearing capacity factors obtained from the numerical approach are then compared with results derived from classical solutions modified to incorporate the nonassociative plastic flow of soil.
Relationship of hippocampal volumes and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms over early post-trauma periods

Background—Smaller hippocampal volume is associated with more severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms years after traumatic experiences. Posttraumatic stress symptoms appear early following trauma, but the relationship between hippocampal volume and PTSD symptom severity during early post-trauma periods is not well understood. It is possible that the inverse relationship between hippocampal volume and PTSD symptom severity is already present Corresponding author: Xin Wang, Department of Psychiatry, MS#1193, the University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave. Toledo, OH 43614 Phone: 419-383-4452. Fax: 419-383-3008. xin.wang2@utoledo.edu. Financial Disclosures All authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 November 01. Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2018 November ; 3(11): 968–975. doi:10.1016/j.bpsc. 2017.11. 010. A uhor M anscript
USE OF ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILERS TO DESCRIBE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS AT THE REACH SCALE 1

ABSTRACT: Research has demonstrated the utility of metrics based on spatial velocity gradients to characterize and describe stream habitat, with higher mean spatial gradients indicative of higher levels of physical heterogeneity and thus habitat quality. However, detailed description of the velocity field that is needed to compute these metrics is difficult to obtain. Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) may be used to rapidly collect detailed representations of river depth and velocity fields in rivers deeper than 1 m. Such data were collected in March 2000 from cross sections of the Little Tallahatchie River, Mississippi, representing three distinct habitat types (naturally sinuous, channelized, and abandoned channel). These datasets were used to compute component velocities, vorticity, and area weighted mean vorticity (circulation). Velocities and circulation were highest in the meander, lowest in the abandoned channel, and intermediate in the channelized reach. Secondary flow, expressed as the average magnitude of the lateral (transverse) velocity divided by the total velocity, was significantly higher in the meander. The sinuous natural channel and abandoned channel displayed distinctive spatial patterns, with regions of depressed velocity consistently occurring near banks. ADCPs hold great potential as tools for the study of riverine ecosystems, but data reduction is difficult using existing software.