Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water requirements and use of Buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus) seedlings grown under arid conditions

Six-month-old buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L.) seedlings were grown in containers under different soil water potentials (Ψsoil), 1) to determine the minimum soil water potential at which Conocarpus trees can survive and grow fairly well, 2) to study the soil-plant water relationship at different irrigation regimes, and 3) to examine the capacity of Conocarpus seedlings for osmotic adjustment via solute accumulation. Seedling growth was not affected significantly until soil water potential was lower than –0.1 MPa (between 40 and 30% FC), after which, plant height, leaf area and shoot and root dry weights became disrupted by severe water deficit. Water stress decreased osmotic potential (Ψπ) of leaves and roots. Leaves tended to osmoregulate their cell sap through osmotic adjustment process as their content of soluble sugars increased. The positive survival under low Ψsoil could be related to increased osmotic adjustment. Ψsoil values seem more useful tool than FC values to estimate water requirements and use over an extended period of time, for plant grown under different soil types and different environmental conditions. The study indicate that Conocarpus seedlings can withstand reasonable water stress and can survive at moderately low water potential but, in contrast to other studies, can not be classified as a high drought tolerant or resistant species.
Preliminary Study on Molecular Subtyping of Treponema pallidum in Hengyang and Jiangmen Regions

目的 了解湖南衡阳和广东江门地区梅毒螺旋体(TP)基因亚型的分布. 方法收集衡阳和江门地区疑似硬下疳病例的标本85份,经TP polA PCR筛选后,阳性者用PCR扩增各标本中TP的arp和tpr基因,酶切tpr基因扩增产物,分析各TP菌株arp基因长度和tpr基因的限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP),进行分型. 结果TP polA PCR阳性者69例,可用于分型者57例,分为10个亚型,其中14d亚型为26例,其他亚型包括10d(1),12a(3),12g(2),13d(6),14a(5),14b(2),14f(6),15d(5),16d(1);衡阳和江门地区TP基因亚型分布大致相同. 结论衡阳和江门地区存在TP的多亚型,都以14d亚型为主(占45.6%),无明显地区性差异。
Nutritional Modulations of Piglet Growth and Survival

Nutritional Modulations of Piglet Growth and Survival. (December 2010) Reza Rezaei, DVM, Azad University, Garmsar, Iran Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Guoyao Wu This thesis research was conducted to test the hypothesis that the survival and growth of both neonatal and postweaning piglets can be improved by nutritional modulations. Two experiments were carried out to 1) evaluate effects of birth weight on mortality, growth performance, and efficiency of sow-reared piglets; and 2) determine the effects of a phytochemical (Yucca schidigera) on growth performance of postweaning pigs. In the first experiment, piglets (n=160) from 18 multiparous sows (Landrace X Large White) were used. Body weight of all piglets were recorded immediately after birth, d 7, d 14, d 21 and d 35 of their age. Individual milk consumption of piglets was estimated using the weigh-suckleweigh method. Average daily gain and mortality were recorded. To analyze the effects of birth weight on future BW and growth, piglets were classified based on their birth weight into four categories of A: 0.7-1.09 kg, B: 1.10-1.49 kg, C: 1.50-1.89 kg and D: >1.90. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results indicated that low birth weight of pigs not only increased (P < 0.05) their incidence of mortality but also negatively impacted (P < 0.05) their whole-body growth. Interestingly, surviving low-birth-weight piglets had a higher (P < 0.05) rate of efficiency to utilize milk nutrients for growth than larger littermates. In the second experiment, two 21-day trials using 21-d-old postweaning piglets (n=111) were performed (d 21 to 42 of age). In the first trial, pigs were assigned to one of the three groups fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 120 ppm or 180 ppm of Yucca powder (BIOPOWDER). The second trial was conducted as the first trial except that the basal diet contained 0.2% L-citrulline (an effective precursor of arginine). Body weight, average daily gain and feed intake of all pigs were measured weekly in both trials. At the last day of experiment, 2 h after the last meal, jugular blood samples were taken from all pigs in both trials for amino acid analysis. One-way ANOVA was used to statistically analyze the data. When the basal diet did not contain citrulline, dietary supplementation with BIOPOWDER
Metallkundliche Vorgänge in der Inkubationsphase der Kavitationserosion

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Entwicklung der einigen Parameter in der Inkubationsphase der Kavitationserosion untersucht. Die betrachteten Parameter waren hauptsachlich Eigenspannungen, Rauhigkeit und mikrostrukturelle Anderungen. Zudem wurde eine morphologische und kristallographische Untersuchung der Inkubationsphase bei unterschiedlichen Legierungen mit Formgedachtniseffekt durchgefuhrt. Diese Materialien weisen eine Inkubationsphase erheblich langer als die Mehrheit der Materialien auf, die nicht Formgedachtniseffekt aufweisen. Das ist aufgrund der Fahigkeit dieser Legierungen Energie durch eine reversible martensitische Umwandlung abzuleiten oder durch eine Reorientierung der Domanen von Martensit, wenn dieser Phase sich stabilisiert.
Effect of phosphorus, sulphur and biofertilizers on yield attributes and yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and their residual effect on pearl millet (Pennisetum gluacum)

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Fatehpur-Shekhawati (Sikar), Rajasthan, during 1997–98 and 1998–99. Branches/plant, pods/plant, seeds/pod and test weight of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) significantly increased with increasing dose of P up to 80 kg P2O5/ha. These characters were marginally influenced by S application. Biofertilizers inoculation significantly increased branches/plant during 1998–99 and seeds/pod during both the years. Seed, straw and biological yields of fenugreek also increased significantly with phosphorus applied up to 80 kg P2O5/ha. Yield estimates of fenugreek also responded significantly to S application up to 100 kg/ha. Dual inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB significantly increased the seed and biological yields during both the years and straw yield during the first year. Phosphorus and sulphur applied to fenugreek significantly increased the grain, stover and biological yields of succeeding pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz]. Seed treatment of fenugreek with biofertilizer did not influence the grain, straw and biological yields of succeeding pearl millet crop.
Fitting with Organizations or Jobs? A Multilevel Investigation of HR Effects on Employee Behaviors

This study attempted to clarify the mediating role of person-environment fit and multiple work commitment in the relationship between an organization’s HRM practices and its employees’ behavioral outcomes. Using a sample of 876 Japanese employees working for 37 healthcare establishments, the study demonstrated that employees’ evaluations of their fit and commitment to their organizations were found to be important mediators of the relationship between HRM practices and employees’ behaviors, while their evaluations of their fit to and involvement in their jobs were not. The possible contributions that this study makes to the black box debate in strategic HRM are highlighted.
Poncho Markers for Game Birds

A poncho neck marker for game birds was devised by slipping a rectangular piece of material with a circular hole in the center over the bird's head and down the neck. The lower neck feathers cover part of the poncho and keep it in place. Nearly 2,000 sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) hens have been marked with excellent success. The marker has been used on sharp-tailed grouse (Pedioecetes phasianeUus) and Hungarian partridge (Perdix perdix). This paper describes a poncho-type marker used to mark individual sage grouse for the purpose of studying their movements in Idaho and Montana. Other game bird markers (Craighead and Stockstad 1956, Labisky and Mann 1962) were tested, but proved unsatisfactory for marking sage
Nitrogen Management for Mid‐Atlantic Hard Red Winter Wheat Production

Although soft red winter wheat (SRWW) (Triticum aestivum L.) is the predominant class in the Mid-Atlantic, there is a recently established program for producers to grow hard red winter wheat (HRWW). This program offers a base price plus premiums for HRWW meeting quality (test weight and protein content) standards. This study's objectives were to evaluate the effect of N management strategies on HRWW yield and protein content and to determine the economic return using those strategies. Two HRWW cultivars used by producers in this HRWW program were produced at two locations in Maryland in a split plot arrangement of N treatments within a randomized complete block experimental design. Main plots (2002) were a factorial arrangement of those cultivars and four fall and Feekes growth stage (GS) 2/3 N treatments. Split plots (2002) were eight N timing and rate combinations at GS 5/6, GS 8, and/or GS 10.1. Main plots (2003) were a factorial arrangement of the cultivars and fall N supplied by either ammonium sulfate (AS) or urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) and GS 2/3 N treatments. Split plots (2003) were GS 5/6, GS 8, and 10.1 N timing and rate combinations. Wheat yield was significantly improved with GS 8 and/or 10.1 N applications both years. Protein content responded to GS 8 and 10.1 N applications in 2002; however, the response in 2003 was dependent on location and N amount at GS 5/6. Within the price and premium structure, best return was observed for split applications of N; 50 or 68 kg ha -1 at GS 2/3 followed at GS 5/6 with 50 or 68 kg N ha -1 . No fall N benefit was observed.
Auslegung von Reibelementen zur Schwingungsdämpfung von Turbinenschaufeln

XIII 1 Einleitung 1 1.1 Problemstellung . 1 1.2 Stand des Wissens . 3 1.2.1 Schaufel-Scheibe-Dynamik . 3 1.2.1.1 Mistuning . 4 1.2.1.2 Kondensation und Substrukturtechnik . 5 1.2.2 Koppelelemente . 9 1.2.2.1 Allgemeine Untersuchungen zu Reibelementen . 9 1.2.2.2 Zylinderförmige Reibelemente . 11 1.2.2.3 Keilförmige Reibelemente . 12 1.2.2.4 Asymmetrische Reibelemente . 14 1.2.2.5 Geteiltes Deckband . 14 1.2.2.6 Weitere Koppelelemente . 16 1.2.2.7 Verstimmte Beschaufelungen mit Koppelelementen . 16 1.2.3 Kontaktformulierung . 18 1.3 Inhalt und Ziel dieser Arbeit . 24 2 Modellbildung 27 2.1 Dynamische Beschreibung der Teilstrukturen . 27 2.1.1 Koordinatensysteme . 27 2.1.2 Eingespannte Schaufel . 32 2.1.3 Zyklisches Schaufel-Scheibe-Segment . 35 2.1. 4 Verstimmte beschaufelte Scheibe . 39 2.1. 5 Reibelement . 49 2.2 Modellierung der Erregung . 51 2.2.1 Erregungsmechanismen . 51 2.2.2 Mathematische Beschreibung der Erregerkräfte . 53 2.3 Kontaktmodell . 58
Phenotypic divergence despite high gene flow in chokka squid Loligo reynaudii (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae): implications for fishery management

The commercially important chokka squid Loligo reynaudii occurring in South African waters is currently managed on a single-unit stock hypothesis. We tested this assumption through a spatial comparison of the morphology throughout the distributional range of the species. Forty-three morphometric characters were measured from 1079 chokka collected off the south coast of South Africa, the west coast of South Africa, and southern Angola. While no significant differences were found in the hard body parts, results from classification analysis showed that though all four types of morphometric attributes (soft body parts, beaks, statoliths, sucker rings) resulted in some separation, the most consistent separation of samples from the three regions was based on soft body part morphometric characters. On average, though dependent on the model, the overall correct classification rate ranged from 0.68–0.99 for males and 0.7–0.99 for females in all three regions. Previous DNA analysis had revealed some genetic differences between west coast and south coast samples, suggesting the confluence of the cold Benguela and warm Agulhas current may act as the approximate point of a phenotypic and possible genetic breakpoint. Finer scale genetic analysis of samples collected across the Benguela–Agulhas confluence reported no significant genetic structuring in this area suggesting environmental heterogeneity and not restriction of genetic flow/isolation as the primary driver of the observed phenotypic divergence.
Spatial distribution of soil physical properties of alluvial soils: a geostatistical approach

ABSTRACT Knowledge of spatial variation of soil is important in site-specific farming and environmental modeling. Soil particles size and water distribution are most important soil physical properties that governing nearly all of the other attributes of soils. The objectives of this study were to determine the degree of spatial variability of sand, silt and clay contents, and water content at field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), and available water content (AWC) of alluvial floodplain soils. Data were analyzed both statistically and geostatistically to describe the spatial distribution of soil physical properties. Soil physical properties showed large variability with greatest variation was observed in sand content (68%). Exponential and spherical models were fit well for the soil physical properties. The nugget/sill ratio indicates except clay all other soil physical properties were moderate spatially dependent (37–70%). Cross-validation of the kriged map shows that prediction of the soil physical properties using semivariogram parameters is better than assuming mean of observed value for any unsampled location. The spatial distribution of water retention properties closely followed the distribution pattern of sand and clay contents. These maps will help to planner to develop the variable rate of irrigation (VRI) for the study area.
Initial and Aftermarket Performance of IPO Stocks: Evidence from Greece.

AbstractThe pricing of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in the short-run and long-run has beenexamined by numerous theoretical and empirical studies referring to the main international stockmarkets. In Europe, the specific topic has gained increasing prominence in the last few yearspartly as a result of increasing number of companies gaining a stock market listing (i.e. ‘goingpublic’). This short paper extends the European literature on IPOs by examining the case ofthe Athens Stock Exchange (ASE). In particular, the study is conducted on the ASE Main andParallel Markets between January 1999 and April 2004. All 144 IPOs are examined to deter-mine both the short-run and long-run stock performance after going public. The results provideevidence consistent with the existing literature that report short-term excess returns associatedwith IPOs. Specifically, our study shows that Greek IPOs are on average underpriced by 25.4%. In contrast to the results from other markets, however, we find no evidence of long-run IPOsunderperformance in the ASE.Keywords: Initial public offerings, short-run stock performance, long-run stock performance,Greek stock marketJEL Classification: G24; G32; G14
Respiration of Crabs in Georgia Salt Marshes and Its Relation to Their Ecology

THE respiration of animals living in an ecosystem is the most important single measure of the energy flow through the organisms of that system. Since crabs are the most abundant and conspicuous animals found in the salt marshes of the Georgia coast, a study has been made of their respiration as one step in working out an energy balance for the marshes. The species present include the fiddler crabs, Uca minax, U. pugilator, U. pugnax; the square-backed crabs, Sesarma cinereum, S. reticulatum; and the mud crabs, Eurytium limosum and Panopeus herbsti. The measurements of respiratory rate are necessarily done in the laboratory under artificial conditions. In interpreting the results, one must therefore consider the animals' adaptation to environmental temperatures, to tidal cycles, to the amount of oxygen present in their environment, and to the behavior of the animals in the marsh. The adaptation of cold-blooded animals to the temperature of their environ-
Determination of the optimal parasitoid‐to‐host ratio for efficient mass‐rearing of the parasitoid, Sclerodermus pupariae (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)

Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) is used as a potential biocontrol agent for several buprestid and cerambycid larvae. This study aimed to enhance the efficiency of mass‐rearing of this parasitoid by investigating the fitness gain of this bethylid wasp, including the proportion of successful parasitism and development, brood size, sex ratio, proportion of winged female offspring, body size and longevity of female offspring, under eight different maternal parasitoid density treatments using Thyestilla gebleri Faldermann as host in the laboratory. The results indicated that the foundress densities did not affect the parasitism or emergence rate of this parasitoid. Brood size of the parasitoids increased significantly when the number of maternal wasps ranged from one to four. However, further increases in foundress number did not affect the parasitoid brood size. The sex ratios of S. pupariae were always female‐biased. The proportions of male in the progeny colonies were <10% throughout all experimental treatments. The percentage of winged female progeny was not significantly influenced by the density of adult maternal parasitoids. Body sizes of parasitoids significantly declined with increasing maternal parasitoid densities. Although the parasitoid body size reduced when maternal wasp number was higher, it could be compromised by the relatively higher number of female offspring produced. Further, more than 70% of the parasitoids remained alive when they were stored at 12°C for four months throughout the experiments. These findings suggest that exposure of four female wasps to a single host larva would result in the highest fitness of S. pupariae. Our findings might provide a new approach to enhance the efficiency of mass‐rearing of this bethylid wasp.
Adriatic calcarean sponges (Porifera, Calcarea), with the description of six new species and a richness analysis

In this study we analyze the calcarean sponge diversity of the Adriatic Sea, the type locality of some of the first described species of calcarean sponges. Morphological and molecular approaches are combined for the taxonomic identification. Our results reveal six species new to science and provisionally endemic to the Adriatic Sea ( Ascandra spalatensis sp. nov., Borojevia croatica sp. nov., Leucandra falakra sp. nov., L. spinifera sp. nov., Paraleucilla dalmatica sp. nov., and Sycon ancora sp. nov.), one species previously known only from the Southwestern Atlantic ( Clathrina conifera ), and three already known from the Adriatic Sea ( Ascaltis reticulum , Borojevia cerebrum , and Clathrina primordialis ). We confirm the presence of the alien species Paraleucilla magna in the Adriatic and again record Clathrina blanca , C. clathrus , and C. rubra . We emend the description of the genus Ascaltis , propose a lectotype for Borojevia cerebrum and synonymise B. decipiens with B. cerebrum . A checklist of all calcarean species previously and currently known from the Adriatic Sea (39 species) is given. The Central Adriatic is indicated as the richest calcarean sponge fauna sector; however, the biodiversity of this class is underestimated in the whole Adriatic Sea and new systematic surveys are desirable.
Using a polynomial model for fungi from table olives

Summary Table olives are one of the most important fermented vegetables in the food industry because of their worldwide economic importance. Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts are among the most relevant microorganisms involved in olive fermentation determining safety, quality and flavour of the final product. Fungi can play a double role during table olive processing acting as spoilage or desirable microorganisms. This article addresses the effects of some factors (pH, NaCl, temperature, phenols) on the growth/survival of yeasts and moulds, both some wild isolates from olive brine and some yeasts from a public collection (Pichia guilliermondii, P. holstii, Wickerhamomyces anomalus). The research was divided into two steps: a 1st step was aimed at assessing fungal growth by evaluating separately each factor; in a 2nd step, NaCl, pH and temperature were combined through a simple DoE (design of experiment). For this last step, W. anomalus and P. guilliermondii were used as test fungi. Generally, fungi were not inhibited either by temperature, salt or acidic/alkaline pHs. Moreover, the approach of DoE pinpointed that the effect of some factors could experience a shift and change over the time.
RELIABILITY IMPACT OF PARTIAL PAD CRATERS

PCB pad craters are generally associated with single overstress events that cause immediate failure. However, significant reliability concerns are raised when partial noncatastrophic cracks are present under the pads of an assembly at the beginning of service life. This investigation empirically examines the effects of partial pad craters on board reliability. Partial pad craters were created through bending over-stress events which simulate damage modes experienced during assembly, handling, test, and shipment. Crack frequency and crack area distributions were measured for a variety of board flexure magnitudes. Final long-term reliability was then characterized for specific pre-damage levels in cyclic bending environments. The results revealed a dramatic degradation in reliability which was then correlated back to the initial crack distribution from the prereliability characterization damage event. Furthermore, the relative effect of pre-damage on reliability was markedly greater as the fatigue stress levels were reduced.
Early comers occupy popular territories in a lycaenid butterfly, Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Territorial activities of a lycaenid butterfly, Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus, were observed throughout its adult season to investigate the territorial dynamics. The territories occupied earlier in the season were abandoned later than later‐occupied territories, indicating that the site preference of male C. smaragdinus was largely maintained during the adult season. Three indexes of territory quality based on animal preference, occupation duration (OD), initial occupation date (IOD) and the number of contests (NOC), were highly correlated. Therefore, these preference‐based indexes are consistent and reliable, although they are indirect estimates of benefits obtained from territories. Males arriving at territory sites early in the season were more likely to hold territories of better quality when NOC was used as the index of territory quality. The positive relationship between territory quality and male arrival date is congruent with the result of a previous study showing that early comers tend to hold a territory whereas late comers do not. However, male arrival date was not related to territory quality when OD or IOD was used as an index of territory quality. One possible reason for this apparent discrepancy is that the coefficient of variation of NOC is larger than those of OD and IOD, and therefore NOC could evaluate territory quality more quantitatively than the other two indexes. To date, studies of territoriality in butterflies have not considered the quality of territories. More studies considering the quality of territories will provide new insights into butterfly territoriality.