Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Materials, Design, and Characteristics of Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator: A Review

With the rapid commercialization of fifth generation (5G) technology in the world, the market demand for radio frequency (RF) filters continues to grow. Acoustic wave technology has been attracting great attention as one of the effective solutions for achieving high-performance RF filter operations while offering low cost and small device size. Compared with surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators, bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators have more potential in fabricating high- quality RF filters because of their lower insertion loss and better selectivity in the middle and high frequency bands above 2.5 GHz. Here, we provide a comprehensive review about BAW resonator researches, including materials, structure designs, and characteristics. The basic principles and details of recently proposed BAW resonators are carefully investigated. The materials of poly-crystalline aluminum nitride (AlN), single crystal AlN, doped AlN, and electrode are also analyzed and compared. Common approaches to enhance the performance of BAW resonators, suppression of spurious mode, low temperature sensitivity, and tuning ability are introduced with discussions and suggestions for further improvement. Finally, by looking into the challenges of high frequency, wide bandwidth, miniaturization, and high power level, we provide clues to specific materials, structure designs, and RF integration technologies for BAW resonators.
Who Are the Mavens of Bystander Intervention? Implications for the Social Diffusion of Intervention Norms

A recent randomized controlled trial reported that Green Dot (GD)—a bystander intervention training program that targets popular opinion leaders for intensive training—reduced school-level interpersonal violence perpetration and victimization. Expanding GD’s targeted group members to include “mavens” of bystander intervention—those who spread bystander intervention norms to others by communicating with peers—may increase the effectiveness of such training. Self-report data collected from students at the 13 intervention high schools in Kentucky are analyzed to identify characteristics of those who engage in discussions with peers about preventing interpersonal violence. Findings show that students who engage in more frequent bystander behaviors are more likely to have such conversations with peers, but GD participants were no more likely than nonparticipants to discuss preventing interpersonal violence with peers.
Exigência protéica de juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) após privação alimentar

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a exigencia proteica de juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) apos a privacao alimentar. Os peixes (50,3 ± 0,26g) foram submetidos a quatro racoes isoenergeticas com diferentes concentracoes proteicas (28, 32, 36 e 40% proteina bruta) e dois regimes alimentares (com privacao e sem privacao) durante 60 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x2, em triplicata. Avaliaram-se os parâmetros de qualidade de agua e de desempenho no 1o, 15o e 60o dia de experimento. Os parâmetros da qualidade da agua permaneceram dentro dos padroes de cultivo. Nao houve mortalidade nos tratamentos testados. Foram observados diferencas entre os tratamentos para os indices de desempenho analisados: taxa de crescimento especifico, eficiencia alimentar, consumo diario de racao, consumo de proteina bruta, taxa de eficiencia proteica e ganho de peso relativo, com excecao do indice hepatossomatico. Houve hiperfagia, indicando a existencia de crescimento compensatorio. Os peixes realimentados com 36% proteina bruta tiveram incremento no teor de gordura visceral e maior deposicao de proteina corporal. Estes resultados explicam uma melhora nos dados de ganho de peso, duracao da hiperfagia, taxa de crescimento e eficiencia alimentar. A privacao alimentar nao influencia a exigencia proteica em juvenis de tambaqui.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA, LAWSONIA INERMIS AND TRIGONELLA FOECUM- GRAECUM

Objective: The aim of the present study was to screen phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of the extracts of three medicinal plants viz. Calotropis gigantea, Lawsonia inermis and Trigonella foenum-graecum . Methods: The methanolic extracts of the three plants were tested against clinical isolates of five bacterial strains ( Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli ) and three fungal strains ( Candida albicans Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus flavus ) using agar well diffusion method and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) by broth micro dilution. Results: L.inermis showed maximum antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria and fungi compared to the other plants. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and steroids. The bioautographic results revealed that the maximum zone of inhibition of L.inermis extract was observed at Rf 0.28 and 0.22 for flavonoids and tannins respectively. Conclusion : The results of present study indicated that flavonoids and tannins are the major bioactive compounds which show potent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms.
Performance of flue-cured virginia tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)-based cropping systems under irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh

A field experiment with flue cured virginia tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.)-based cropping systems was con- ducted at Jeelugumilli, Andhra Pradesh, from 1997-98 to 1999-2000 to find out sustainable profitable production in irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh. The experiment comprised 10 cropping systems, i.e. fallow-tobacco, fal- low-tobacco-groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) groundnut-tobacco, gingelly (Sesamum indicum L.)-tobacco, soy- bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.1-tobacco, greengram-tobacco-sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (fodder), blackgram-tobacco-maize (Zea mays L.), maize-tobacco, sunnhemp (in-situ green manuring)-tobacco and sunnhemp (in-situ green manuring)-tobacco-groundnut. Sunnhemp (in-situ green manuring)-tobacco, sunnhemp (in-situ green manuring)-tobacco-groundnut, greengram-tobacco-sorghum (fodder) and blackgram-tobacco- maize cropping sequences recorded more yields of tobacco and proved more remunerative than other sequences. A preceding legume of green-manure crop resulted in relatively higher nitrogen and nicotine in succeeding to- bacco. However, quality parameters of tobacco leaf in all the cropping sequences were within the acceptable lim- its.
Role of caplacizumab in the treatment of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare blood disorder with a high early mortality rate, if untreated. Standard of care plasma exchange and glucocorticoids have dramatically improved survival. However, additional advancements are necessary to further decrease mortality. Caplacizumab-yhdp (Cablivi®) is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment indicated for adult patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, in combination with plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapy. However, there are considerable risks associated with the use of caplacizumab and they must be weighed against the benefits of the medication.
Impact of Improved Design on Knudsen Force for Micro Gas Sensor

Knudsen force generated by thermally driven gas flow in a microscale structure has been used for gas detection and has shown immeasurable potential in the field of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gas sensors due to its novel sensing characteristics. In this article, the performances of three kinds of Knudsen force gas sensors with improved isosceles triangular shuttle arm structures were studied. In the first design, the top side and right side lengths were equal; in the second, the top side and bottom side lengths were equal; and for the third, the bottom side and right side lengths were equal. A detailed investigation including gas flow, thermal characteristics, Knudsen force, and coupling effects between the shuttle-heater pairs was conducted using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method and the main mechanisms for gas flow presented were almost the same in this work. However, the second design returned the highest Knudsen force performance. The value increased by 42.9% (P = 387 Pa) compared to the Knudsen force of the original square shuttle arm. The results also demonstrate that the coupling effects become weak toward the right with an increase in the number of shuttle-heater pairs.
Using Electronic Medical Record Data to Better Understand Obesity in Hispanic Neighborhoods in El Paso, Texas

The prevalence of obesity has been persistent amongst Hispanics over the last 20 years. Socioeconomic inequities have led to delayed diagnosis and treatment of chronic medical conditions related to obesity. Factors contributing include lack of insurance and insufficient health education. It is well-documented that obesity amongst Hispanics is higher in comparison to non-Hispanics, but it is not well-understood how the socioeconomic context along with Hispanic ethnic concentration impact the prevalence of obesity within a community. Specifically studying obesity within Hispanic dominant regions of the United States, along the Texas–Mexico border will aid in understanding this relationship. El Paso, Texas is predominantly Mexican-origin Hispanic, making up 83% of the county’s total population. Through the use of electronic medical records, BMI averages along with obesity prevalence were analyzed for 161 census tracts in the El Paso County. Geographic weighted regression and Hot Spot technology were used to analyze the data. This study did identify a positive association between Hispanic ethnic concentration and obesity prevalence within the El Paso County. Median income did have a direct effect on obesity prevalence while evidence demonstrates that higher education is protective for health.
PRE and POST Control of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) with Indaziflam

Abstract Indaziflam controls annual grassy weeds by inhibiting cellulose biosynthesis. Research was conducted from 2008 to 2011 in Tennessee, Texas, and Georgia evaluating the efficacy of indaziflam for PRE and POST control of annual bluegrass in bermudagrass turf. In Texas, indaziflam at 30, 40, 50, and 60 g ai ha−1 applied PRE provided 93 to 100% annual bluegrass control through 28 wk after treatment. When applied PRE at 80 g ai ha−1 and at 4, 8, and 12 wk after PRE (WAP), indaziflam controlled annual bluegrass 67 to 100% 32 wk after initial treatment (WAIT) in Tennessee; however, reduced efficacy was observed with 12 WAP treatments in a single year of a 2-yr study. Similarly, annual bluegrass control with PRE applications or with 4 and 8 WAP applications of indaziflam at 35 and 52.5 g ai ha−1 ranged from 88 to 100% at 30 WAIT in Tennessee. In Georgia, these rates of indaziflam applied PRE and 4 WAP controlled annual bluegrass 96 to 100% on all evaluation dates and resulted in 97 to 100% reduction in plant counts relative to the untreated control at 30 WAIT. When applied 8 WAP, the 35 and 52.5 g ai ha−1 rates of indaziflam controlled annual bluegrass only 51 to 71% at 30 WAIT in Georgia. Although increasing the application rate of indaziflam treatments 8 WAP provided greater annual bluegrass control, each rate provided significantly lower control when applied 8 WAP compared with PRE or at 4 WAP. No bermudagrass injury was observed in this research. Results suggest indaziflam provides effective PRE and early POST control of annual bluegrass in bermudagrass turf. However, additional research is needed to determine the effects of plant size and maturity on indaziflam efficacy for POST annual bluegrass control. Nomenclature: Annual bluegrass, Poa annua L. ; bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
Real-time Monte Carlo Denoising with the Neural Bilateral Grid

Real-time denoising for Monte Carlo rendering remains a critical challenge with regard to the demanding requirements of both high ﬁdelity and low computation time. In this paper, we propose a novel and practical deep learning approach to robustly denoise Monte Carlo images rendered at sampling rates as low as a single sample per pixel (1-spp ). This causes severe noise, and previous techniques strongly compromise ﬁnal quality to maintain real-time denoising speed. We develop an efﬁcient convolutional neural network architecture to learn to denoise noisy inputs in a data-dependent bilateral space. Our neural network learns to generate a guide image for ﬁrst splatting noisy data into the grid, and then slicing it to read out the denoised data. To seamlessly integrate bilateral grids into our trainable denoising pipeline, we leverage a differentiable bilateral grid, called neural bilateral grid, which enables end-to-end training. In addition, we also show how we can further improve denoising quality using a hierarchy of multi-scale bilateral grids. Our experimental results demonstrate that this approach can robustly denoise 1-spp noisy input images at real-time frame rates (a few milliseconds per frame). At such low sampling rates, our approach outperforms state-of-the-art techniques based on kernel prediction networks both in terms of quality and speed, and it leads to signiﬁcantly improved quality compared to the state-of-the-art feature regression technique.
A potential epigenetic marker mediating serum folate and vitamin B12 levels contributes to ischemic stroke risk

Background and Purpose Stroke is a multifactorial disease that may be associated with aberrant DNA methylation profiles.We investigated epigenetic dysregulation for the MTHFR gene among ischaemic stroke patients. Methods Cases (n=297) and controls (n=110) were recruited after obtaining signed written informed consent, following a screening process against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Serum vitamin metabolites (folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine) were determined using immunoassays and methylation profiles for CpGs A and B in the MTHFR gene were determined using bisulfitepyrosequencing method. Results Methylation of MTHFR significantly increased the susceptibility risk for ischemic stroke. In particular, CpG A outperformed CpG B in mediating folate and vitamin B12 levels to increase ischemic stroke susceptibility risks by 4.73 fold. CpGs A and B were not associated with either serum homocysteine levels or ischemic stroke severity. Conclusion CpG A is a potential epigenetic marker in mediating serum folate and vitamin B12 to contribute to ischemic stroke.
Nutritional and laboratory parameters affect the survival of dogs with chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease is a common disease in dogs, and factors such as serum concentrations of creatinine, albumin, and phosphorus at the moment of diagnosis may influence the survival of these patients. The present retrospective study aimed to evaluate the relationship between survival in dogs with chronic kidney disease and laboratory parameters (creatinine, phosphorus, albumin, and hematocrit) and nutritional parameters (body condition score, muscle mass score, type of food, appetite and feeding method). A total of 116 dogs with chronic kidney disease stages 2 to 4 were included, and survival was calculated considering the time between diagnosis and death. Survival curves were configurated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and a comparison between survival curves was performed by the log-rank test. Factors related to survival were disease stage (p<0.0001), serum phosphorus concentration (p = 0.0005), hematocrit (0.0001), body condition score (p = 0.0391), muscle mass score (p = 0.0002), type of food (p = 0.0009), feeding method (p<0.0001) and appetite (p = 0.0007). Based on data obtained in this study, it is possible to conclude that early diagnosis, as well as nutritional evaluation and renal diet intake, are determinant strategies to increase survival in dogs with chronic kidney disease.
The brain structure of selected trypanorhynch tapeworms

The brain architecture in four species of tapeworms from the order Trypanorhyncha has been studied. In all species, the brain consists of paired anterior and lateral lobes, and an unpaired central lobe. The anterior lobes connect by dorsal and ventral semicircular commissures; the central and lateral lobes connect by a median and an X‐shaped crisscross commissure. In the center of the brain, five well‐developed compact neuropils are present. The brain occupies a medial position in the scolex pars bothrialis. The ventral excretory vessels are situated outside the lateral lobes of the brain; the dorsal excretory vessels are located inside the brain and dorsal to the median commissure. The brain gives rize four anterior proboscis nerves and four posterior bulbar nerves with myelinated giant axons (GAs). The cell bodies of the GAs are located within the X‐commissure and in the bulbar nerves. Highly developed serotonergic neuropils are present in the anterior and lateral lobes; numerous 5‐HT neurons are found in the brain lobes including the central unpaired lobe. The X‐cross commissure consists of the α‐tub‐immunoreactive and 5‐HT‐IR neurites. Eight ultrastructural types of neurons were found in the brain of the three species investigated. In addition, different types of synapses were present in the neuropils. Glial cells ensheath the brain lobes, the neuropils, the GAs, and the bulbar nerves. Glia cell processes form complex branching patterns of thin cytoplasmic sheets sandwiched between adjacent neural processes and filling the space between neurons. Multilayer myelin‐like envelopes and a mesaxon‐like structure have been found in Trypanorhyncha nervous system. We compared the brain architecture of Trypanorhyncha with that of an early basal cestode taxon, that is, Diphyllobothriidea, and present a hypothesis about the homology of the anterior brain lobes in order Trypanorhyncha; and the lateral lobes and median commissure are homologous brain structures within Eucestoda.
Localization of (+)-Catechin in Picea abies Phloem: Responses to Wounding and Fungal Inoculation

To understand the positional and temporal defense mechanisms of coniferous tree bark at the tissue and cellular levels, the phloem topochemistry and structural properties were examined after artificially induced bark defense reactions. Wounding and fungal inoculation with Endoconidiophora polonica of spruce bark were carried out, and phloem tissues were frequently collected to follow the temporal and spatial progress of chemical and structural responses. The changes in (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, stilbene glucoside, and resin acid distribution, and accumulation patterns within the phloem, were mapped using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (cryo-ToF-SIMS), alongside detailed structural (LM, TEM, SEM) and quantitative chemical microanalyses of the tissues. Our results show that axial phloem parenchyma cells of Norway spruce contain (+)-catechins, the amount of which locally increases in response to fungal inoculation. The preformed, constitutive distribution and accumulation patterns of (+)-catechins closely follow those of stilbene glucosides. Phloem phenolics are not translocated but form a layered defense barrier with oleoresin compounds in response to pathogen attack. Our results suggest that axial phloem parenchyma cells are the primary location for (+)-catechin storage and synthesis in Norway spruce phloem. Chemical mapping of bark defensive metabolites by cryo-ToF-SIMS, in addition to structural and chemical microanalyses of the defense reactions, can provide novel information on the local amplitudes and localizations of chemical and structural defense mechanisms and pathogen–host interactions of trees.
Spectral Distribution of Ultra-Weak Photon Emission as a Response to Wounding in Plants: An In Vivo Study

It is well established that every living organism spontaneously emits photons referred to as ultra-weak photon emission (synonym biophotons or low-level chemiluminescence) which inherently embodies information about the wellbeing of the source. In recent years, efforts have been made to use this feature as a non-invasive diagnostic tool related to the detection of food quality, agriculture and biomedicine. The current study deals with stress resulting from wounding (mechanical injury) on Arabidopsis thaliana and how it modifies the spontaneous ultra-weak photon emission. The ultra-weak photon emission from control (non-wounded) and stressed (wounded) plants was monitored using different modes of ultra-weak photon emission measurement sensors like charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras and photomultiplier tubes (PMT) and the collected data were analyzed to determine the level of stress generated, photon emission patterns, and underlying biochemical process. It is generally considered that electronically excited species formed during the oxidative metabolic processes are responsible for the ultra-weak photon emission. In the current study, a high-performance cryogenic full-frame CCD camera was employed for two-dimensional in-vivo imaging of ultra-weak photon emission (up to several counts/s) and the spectral analysis was done by using spectral system connected to a PMT. The results show that Arabidopsis subjected to mechanical injury enhances the photon emission and also leads to changes in the spectral pattern of ultra-weak photon emission. Thus, ultra-weak photon emission can be used as a tool for oxidative stress imaging and can pave its way into numerous plant application research.
Nucleolin maintains embryonic stem cell self-renewal by suppression of p53 protein-dependent pathway.

Nucleolin maintains embryonic stem cell self-renewal by suppression of p53 protein-dependent pathway. Acong Yang, Guilai Shi, Chenlin Zhou, Rui Lu, Hui Li, Lei Sun, and Ying Jin PAGE 43375: There is an error in Fig. 3C in our article. Specifically, the results of Sox2 and tubulin in C were from a different batch of repetitive experiments to that of nucleolin, Oct4, and Nanog. Now, all data in the corrected Fig. 3C shown below are from the same set of experiments. THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOL. 287, NO. 17, p. 13558, April 20, 2012 © 2012 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Published in the U.S.A.
Test sensitivity is secondary to frequency and turnaround time for COVID-19 surveillance

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a public health crisis. Because SARS-CoV-2 can spread from individuals with pre-symptomatic, symptomatic, and asymptomatic infections, the re-opening of societies and the control of virus spread will be facilitated by robust surveillance, for which virus testing will often be central. After infection, individuals undergo a period of incubation during which viral titers are usually too low to detect, followed by an exponential growth of virus, leading to a peak viral load and infectiousness, and ending with declining viral levels and clearance. Given the pattern of viral load kinetics, we model surveillance effectiveness considering test sensitivities, frequency, and sample-to-answer reporting time. These results demonstrate that effective surveillance, including time to first detection and outbreak control, depends largely on frequency of testing and the speed of reporting, and is only marginally improved by high test sensitivity. We therefore conclude that surveillance should prioritize accessibility, frequency, and sample-to-answer time; analytical limits of detection should be secondary.