Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-risk Allele for Herpes Labialis Severity at the IFNL3/4 Locus is Associated With Vestibular Neuritis

Objective: Vestibular neuritis (VN) is a peripheral vestibular disorder leading to a sudden loss of unilateral vestibular function. Although the underlying etiological mechanisms for disease development are not yet known, there is evidence that a latent infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) might be involved. The polymorphism rs12979860 has been associated with the severity of recurrent herpes labialis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance and treatment outcome and is located within the first intron of the IFNL4 gene on chromosome 19.q13. 2. This case control study was conducted to evaluate the association of rs12979860 with VN occurrence. Methods: DNA was extracted from EDTA blood of 151 VN patients and 1,775 healthy controls. Genotyping of rs12979860 was performed using iPLEX and MassARRAY Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization—Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. For association analyses, an additive, dominant and recessive logistic regression model was calculated, using age and sex as covariates. Results: A significant association of rs12979860 with VN was obtained for the additive [OR = 1.51 (1.18–1.92); p = 9.23 × 10−4] and dominant models [OR = 2.15 (1.48–3.13); p = 5.86 × 10−5], with the T allele being more frequent in the VN group. Conclusion: By detecting a significant association of the rs12979860-T risk allele for herpes labialis severity with susceptibility to VN, this study gives further indirect evidence for an involvement of HSV-1 in VN pathology, thereby strengthening the virus hypothesis.
Persistent socioeconomic inequalities in location of death and receipt of palliative care: A population-based cohort study

Background: Providing equitable care to patients in need across the life course is a priority for many healthcare systems. Aim: To estimate socioeconomic inequality trends in the proportions of decedents that died in the community and that received palliative care within 30 days of death (including home visits and specialist/generalist physician encounters). Design: Cohort study based on health administrative data. Socioeconomic position was measured by area-level material deprivation. Inequality gaps were quantified annually and longitudinally using the slope index of inequality (absolute gap) and relative index of inequality (relative gap). Setting/Participants: A total of 729,290 decedents aged ⩾18 years in Ontario, Canada from 2009 to 2016. Results: In 2016, the modelled absolute gap (corresponding 95% confidence interval) between the most- and least-deprived neighbourhoods in community deaths was 4.0% (2.9–5.1%), which was 8.6% (6.2–10.9%) of the overall mean (46.6%). Relative to 2009, these inequalities declined modestly. Inequalities in 2016 were evident for palliative home visits (6.8% (5.8–7.8%) absolute gap, 26.3% (22.5–30.0%) relative gap) and for physician encounters (6.8% (5.7–7.9%) absolute gap, 13.2% (11.0–15.3%) relative gap), and widened from 2009 for physician encounters only on the absolute scale. Inequalities varied considerably across disease trajectories (organ failure, terminal illness, frailty, and sudden death). Conclusion: Key measures of end-of-life care are not achieved equally across socioeconomic groups. These data can be used to inform policy strategies to improve delivery of palliative and end-of-life services.
Upstanding Youngsters: Ivorian Scouting and the Manufacture of a Subordinate Citizenship (1937–1979)

This research focuses on Ivoirian scouting from its colonial implementation in the late 1930s up to the late 1970s, under Félix Houphouet-Boigny's regime. Using a novel perspective, it highlights the gender lines of scouting youth training in West Africa. Furthermore, this paper argues that understanding this history of Ivoirian youth through the lens of the scouting movement allows us to articulate youth governance between the colonial and postcolonial era, notably in order to understand the political and moral subordination of Ivoirian youth during the twentieth century. This research is based on archives collected in France, Côte d'Ivoire and Switzerland as well as biographical interviews conducted in 2016.
Stress Reactivity: What Pushes Us Higher, Faster, and Longer—and Why It Matters

Brief everyday stressors can provoke cardiovascular, hormonal, and immune changes, and the magnitude and duration of these responses can vary considerably. Acute responses to daily stressors can differ widely among individuals experiencing the same stressor, and these physiological responses may not align with stress appraisals. This review highlights individual and dyadic factors that may heighten and prolong stress reactivity, along with their implications for health. We discuss depression, rumination, early life adversity, and social evaluation as individual-level factors and interpersonal stress processes and relationship quality as dyadic-level factors that may influence physiological stress responses. Heightened and prolonged stress reactivity can provide a gateway to the physiological dysregulation that underlies depression and chronic disease, which themselves alter stress reactivity—a vicious cycle. Interventions that may dampen physiological stress reactivity include yoga, meditation, health behaviors (diet, exercise, and sleep), and cognitive behavior therapy.
Evaluating fossil charcoal representation in small peat bogs: Detailed Holocene fire records from southern Sweden

In this study, we assess how representative a single charcoal record from a peat profile in small bogs (1.5–2 ha in area) is for the reconstruction of Holocene fire history. We use high-resolution macrocharcoal (>250 μm) analysis of continuous series of 2 cm3 samples from two small bogs in southern Sweden. We compare (1) duplicate charcoal records from the same core, (2) duplicate charcoal records from profiles in the same site (10 m apart), and (3) charcoal records from two sites within the same region (15 km apart). Comparisons are made for charcoal counts and area expressed as accumulation rates. The results suggest that (a) charcoal counts and area are highly correlated in all records; (b) duplicate charcoal records within the same core are very similar, although some charcoal peaks are found in only one of the two records; (c) although long-term trends in fire regimes are similar between duplicate charcoal records from nearby profiles within the same site and between charcoal records from sites within the same region, some individual charcoal peaks/fire events are asynchronous between records. The known historical fires of the town of Växjö (1570 and 1612 CE) are recorded at the two study sites, which indicates a macrocharcoal source area of minimum 15 km in diameter. The 2 cm3 peat samples contained relatively low amounts of macrocharcoal; we therefore recommend to analyse larger samples from small peat bogs with comparable peat accumulation rates. This will improve the reliability of the macrocharcoal record and its interpretation.
Self-Compassion and Resilience at Work: A Practice-Oriented Review

The Problem A key challenge for human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners is to understand the individual competences that can be trained and developed to enhance employee resilience at work. Empirical evidence has been accumulated on the benefits of self-compassion—that is, a set of malleable states that can be developed through HRD interventions—for individual resilience, as well as on the factors that can strengthen self-compassion in organizations. Nonetheless, limited efforts have been devoted to translate this critical scientific knowledge into evidence-based, practical insights that could guide the implementation of effective human resource development practices to develop self-compassion and, thereby, increase resilience in organizations. The Solution This article presents a practice-oriented literature review of the benefits of self-compassion for resilience at work. The relationship between self-compassion and resilience at work, as well as the specific workplace factors that foster growth are outlined for practical implications in the workplace. Facilitators are identified as (1) personal factors (i.e., experience of stress and level of self-awareness), (2) contemplative trainings, and (3) leadership styles and listening styles. This article provides evidence-based practical recommendations for the implementation of these factors and of self-compassion in organizations for increased resilience. The Stakeholders Stakeholders of this practice-oriented review are employees (especially those exposed to highly stressful job conditions) and their leaders, human resource developers in charge of setting the development of training and developmental processes to enhance self-compassion and resilience, and HRD research scholars interested in advancing current literature on self-compassion and resilience at work.
Economic Values for Production Traits for Different Sheep Breeds in Kosovo

Generally, all traits of economic importance should be included in the breeding goal of livestock breeding programmes. The main aim of this study was to examine economic values for a combination of dairy and meat traits of the dual purpose Bardhoka (BAR), Balusha (BAL), Sharri (SHA) and Kosova (KOS) sheep breeds in Kosovo. The underlying herd model is based on a deterministic approach considering a sheep flock with milk production, lamb fattening and replacement stock. In order to examine the economic impact for different sheep breeds, the production traits considered were milk (milk yield) and fattening (daily gain). For each lactation cycle among the breeds the main revenues resulted from selling milk (€ 61.82/46.03/26.37/27.22) and fattened lambs (€ 34.06/39.88/35.42/33.92) for BAR/BAL/SHA/KOS, respectively. For BAR and BAL the economic value per average ewe place and year was € 37.7 for both breeds, while for SHA and KOS it was € 35.1 and € 32.5, respectively. For lamb fattening, daily gain was found to have the highest economic value at € 7.00 for BAL, SHA and KOS, while for BAR it was € 6.67. The relative economic values for milk yield and daily gain for BAR, BAL, SHA and KOS were 84.96:15.04, 84.42:15.58, 83.45:16.55, and 82.36:17.64, respectively.
INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS INTERFERENCE WITH GROWTH OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS. II. INTERFERENCE IN CHICKENSA

The egg-adapted DA strain of infectious bronchitis (IB) virus interferes with the multiplication of the GB (Texas) strain of Newcastle disease (ND) virus in embryonating chicken eggs (9). Interferon did not appear to be responsible for interference in this system, but live IB virus was indispensable. Interference was more pronounced when IB virus was in excess over ND virus, but no detectable interference was observed when live IB was neutralized with immune antiIB serum. The time factor, so important in other virus interference systems (12,13), was secondary to the relative dose of live IB and ND viruses. Results obtained from studies on interference in embryonating chicken eggs cannot be applied directly to chickens. In the developing chicken embryo the two viruses were inoculated by the same route into the allantoic cavity, multiplication of the two viruses occurred within the epithelial cells of the chorioallantoic membrane, and the growth of each virus was not affected by antibodies which may be present in the mature host. In a growing chicken, maturation of the embryonic tissues, polytropism of either one or both of the viruses used, immune and serological responses of the host, and different routes of administration of the interfering viruses may alter the response of the host in such a way that the result is a dual infection instead of interference. Experimental evaluation of
Nab-paclitaxel in combination with Bevacizumab in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer after failure of at least one prior systemic regimen

Background: Most patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experience disease progression after first-line treatment. The efficacy and safety of the nab-paclitaxel (nab-PTX) and bevacizumab combination as the second or further line of treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC have not been reported yet. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the nab-PTX and bevacizumab combination in patients with advanced non-squamous (NSQ) NSCLC after failure of at least one prior systemic regimen. Methods: Patients with advanced (stage IV) NSQ NSCLC who received the nab-PTX and bevacizumab combination as the second or further line treatment between February 2012 and December 2018 at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Beijing, China) were included in this retrospective study. The main outcomes included the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: Thirty-four patients received 1-27 cycles (median, four cycles) of treatment; 67.6% (23/34) patients had undergone at least two lines of previous treatment. The ORR and disease control rates were 26.5% (9/34) and 82.4% (28/34), respectively. The median PFS and OS were 6.0 (95% CI=2.9-7.2) and 11.0 (95% CI=7.8-18.7) months, respectively. The multivariable analyses indicated that the combined use of other drugs and pleural metastasis were respectively associated with better PFS (hazard ratio=0.354, 95% CI=0.134-0.935, P=0.036) and OS (hazard ratio=0.540, 95% CI=0.118-0.980, P=0.046). The most frequent grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia 20.6% (7/34), leukopenia 8.8% (3/34), and anemia 5.9% (2/34). No grade 5 AE occurred. Conclusion: Combined nab-PTX and bevacizumab might be an effective treatment regimen for patients with advanced NSQ NSCLC after failure of at least one prior systemic regimen, but studies have to validate those findings.
G4 Structures in Control of Replication and Transcription of rRNA Genes

Genes encoding 45S ribosomal RNA (rDNA) are known for their abundance within eukaryotic genomes and for their unstable copy numbers in response to changes in various genetic and epigenetic factors. Commonly, we understand as epigenetic factors (affecting gene expression without a change in DNA sequence), namely DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, histone variants, RNA interference, nucleosome remodeling and assembly, and chromosome position effect. All these were actually shown to affect activity and stability of rDNA. Here, we focus on another phenomenon – the potential of DNA containing shortly spaced oligo-guanine tracts to form quadruplex structures (G4). Interestingly, sites with a high propensity to form G4 were described in yeast, animal, and plant rDNAs, in addition to G4 at telomeres, some gene promoters, and transposons, suggesting the evolutionary ancient origin of G4 as a regulatory module. Here, we present examples of rDNA promoter regions with extremely high potential to form G4 in two model plants, Arabidopsis thaliana and Physcomitrella patens. The high G4 potential is balanced by the activity of G4-resolving enzymes. The ability of rDNA to undergo these “structural gymnastics” thus represents another layer of the rich repertoire of epigenetic regulations, which is pronounced in rDNA due to its highly repetitive character.
COMETA: A Corpus for Medical Entity Linking in the Social Media

Whilst there has been growing progress in Entity Linking (EL) for general language, existing datasets fail to address the complex nature of health terminology in layman's language. Meanwhile, there is a growing need for applications that can understand the public's voice in the health domain. To address this we introduce a new corpus called COMETA, consisting of 20k English biomedical entity mentions from Reddit expert-annotated with links to SNOMED CT, a widely-used medical knowledge graph. Our corpus satisfies a combination of desirable properties, from scale and coverage to diversity and quality, that to the best of our knowledge has not been met by any of the existing resources in the field. Through benchmark experiments on 20 EL baselines from string- to neural-based models we shed light on the ability of these systems to perform complex inference on entities and concepts under 2 challenging evaluation scenarios. Our experimental results on COMETA illustrate that no golden bullet exists and even the best mainstream techniques still have a significant performance gap to fill, while the best solution relies on combining different views of data.
Efficacy of translamina terminalis ventriculostomy tube in prevention of chronic hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Background: Chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus is still a common complication after aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) and is associated with increased morbidity. Pathology of chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aSAH is complex and multifactorial which makes its prevention challenging. We thought to evaluate whether external ventricular drainage (EVD) through fenestrated lamina terminalis would decrease the rate of chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aSAH. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 68 consecutive patients with aSAH who underwent microsurgical clipping of the ruptured aneurysm. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A included patients with lamina terminalis fenestration without insertion of ventriculostomy tube and Group B included patients with EVD through fenestrated lamina terminalis. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and outcome variables were compared between groups. Results: Group A comprised 29 patients with mean age of 47.8 years and Group B comprised 39 patients with mean age of 46.6 years. Group B patients had statistically significant (P < 0.05) lower incidence of chronic shunt- dependent hydrocephalus than Group A patients (30.8% vs. 55.2%, respectively). Conclusion: EVD through fenestrated lamina terminalis is safe and may be effective in decreasing the incidence of chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aSAH.
With a Little Help from My Friends: Social-Network Job Search and Overqualification among Recent Intra-EU Migrants Moving from East to West

This article examines the relationship between social networks as a job-finding channel and overqualification among recent EU migrants from Central Eastern to Western European countries. Social networks composed of relatives, friends or acquaintances can facilitate access to employers and thereby enhance labour market integration. However, when labour markets are segmented, (co-ethnic) social networks might also contribute to locking migrants into sectors and occupations characterised by high migrant shares, increasing the probability of a mismatch between skills and occupations. Drawing on data from the special module on migrants and their descendants in the 2014 European Labour Force Survey, this article considers subjective and objective overqualification. The analysis reveals that finding jobs through social networks bears a higher risk of overqualification in general, and especially for recent Central Eastern European migrants. The results point to a complex relationship between social-network job search, sectoral segmentation and destination-country language proficiency.
Septal Signaling Suppresses Seizures Through Stimulating Somatostatin Cells

Direct Septum-Hippocampus Cholinergic Circuit Attenuates Seizure Through Driving Somatostatin Inhibition Wang Y, Wang Y, Xu C, Wang S, Tan N, Chen C, Chen L, Wu X, Fei F, Cheng H, Lin W, Qi Y, Chen B, Liang J, Zhao J, Xu Z, Guo Y, Zhang S, Li X, Zhou Y, Duan S, Chen Z. Biol Psychiatry. 2020;87(9):843-856. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych. 2019.11. 014. Background: Previous studies indicated the involvement of cholinergic neurons in seizure; however, the specific role of the medial septum (MS)–hippocampus cholinergic circuit in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has not yet been completely elucidated. Methods: In the current study, we used magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging to characterize the pathological change of the MS-hippocampus circuit in 42 patients with TLE compared with 22 healthy volunteers. Using optogenetics and chemogenetics, combined with in vivo or in vitro electrophysiology and retrograde rabies virus tracing, we revealed a direct MS-hippocampus cholinergic circuit that potently attenuates seizure through driving somatostatin inhibition in animal TLE models. Results: We found that patients with TLE with hippocampal sclerosis showed a decrease of neuronal fiber connectivity of the MS-hippocampus compared with healthy people. In the mouse TLE model, MS cholinergic neurons ceased firing during hippocampal seizures. Optogenetic and chemogenetic activation of MS cholinergic neurons (but not glutamatergic or GABAergic [γ-aminobutyric acidergic] neurons) significantly attenuated hippocampal seizures, while specific inhibition promoted hippocampal seizures. Electrophysiology combined with modified rabies virus tracing studies showed that direct (but not indirect) MS-hippocampal cholinergic projections mediated the anti-seizure effect by preferentially targeting hippocampal GABAergic neurons. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of hippocampal somatostatin-positive (rather than parvalbumin-positive) subtype of GABAergic neurons reversed the anti-seizure effect of the MS-hippocampus cholinergic circuit, which was mimicked by activating somatostatin-positive neurons. Conclusions: These findings underscore the notable anti-seizure role of the direct cholinergic MS-hippocampus circuit in TLE through driving the downstream somatostatin effector. This may provide a better understanding of the changes of the seizure circuit and the precise spatiotemporal control of epilepsy. ”
Allies, Antagonists, or Ambivalent? Exploring Latino Attitudes about the Black Lives Matter Movement

While many Latinos suffer the injustices of racial profiling at the hands of law enforcement and immigration officials, differences in immigration status, racial identity, contact with the Black community, and the prevalence anti-Black sentiment pose challenges for coalition building with Blacks. This study explores the factors that lead to an avenue for allyship from the Latino community to the Black community. Using attitudes about the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, a series of hypotheses are tested to examine the structure of Latino-Black compared to white-Black coalitions. Two major findings emerge from the analysis; first, differences between whites and Latinos reveal that the effect of harboring anti-Black stereotypes are extraordinarily predictive of rejecting calls for racial social justice and combatting the scourge of police killings of unarmed Black men among whites but not among Latinos. Second, differences according to Latino racial identity and indicators of acculturation also impact support for the BLM movement in ways that both reaffirm but also challenge previous scholarship. These results suggest that while on the whole Latinos, and especially immigrants, are uninformed about BLM, once aware they exhibit a generally supportive stance toward the movement’s goals of criminal justice reform.