Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hepatoprotective effects of partially purified fractions of Senna occidentalis ethanolic extract on diethyl nitrosamine-induced toxicity in Wistar rat

Background: Induction of toxicity using nitrosamines provides a reliable animal model for the study of oxidative damage to lipids, cellular membranes, proteins and DNA. In the present report, the effects of partially purified fractions of Senna occidentalis leaves on diethylnitrosamine intoxicated rats were studied.Methods: Fractions obtained from eluting the column with solvents of increasing polarity, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and distilled water were subjected to in vitro for their ability to scavenge 1, 1-dipheny l, 2-pycryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Fraction 6a eluted with ethyl acetate:ethanol (50:50) possessed the highest antioxidant activity, this fraction was therefore selected for in vivo studies. Twenty rats, each weighing between 150 to 250 g were randomly allocated into four groups of five rats each. Hepatotoxicity was induced using a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at the 200 mg/kg body weight. Treatment was carried out for 3 weeks by oral gavage as follows: group A, normal control, group B, DEN control, group C, DEN+fraction (10 mg/kg), group D, DEN+silymarin (5 mg/kg). Results: The results showed that DEN toxicity significantly (p<0.05) increased alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities and increased the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the liver. In contrast, the levels of bilirubin, total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) decreased. However, treatment of rats with the extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the concentrations of TBARS, ALT, AST and bilirubin, but increased the concentration of TP and ALB.Conclusions: These results show hepatoprotective potentials of the fraction. Furthermore, GC-MS fingerprinting of fraction 6a revealed the presence of compounds with anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties confirming its high chance for exploration as a medicinal agent.
Interaction Between an EMSTID and an EPB in the EIA Crest Region Over China

Few observations investigated the interaction between an electrical medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (EMSTID) and an equatorial plasma bubble (EPB). This paper presents another interaction between a southwestward propagating EMSTID and an eastward drifting EPB in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest region of China. When the EMSTID and the EPB touched each other, several depletions of the EMSTID (EPB) showed the eastward (westward) velocity disturbances of the EPB (EMSTID) depletions. Besides, phase elongations of the EPB depletions contrarotated as the EMSTID propagated southwestward. However, of important finding is that the interaction of the EMSTID and the EPB could have polarized one depletion of the postmidnight EPB that should have become a fossilized bubble. Inside that polarized EPB depletion were meter‐scale irregularities that caused activated radar echoes and enhanced ranged spread F (RSF). The interaction occurred in descending ionosphere and the lower density regions got filled up with an enhanced density plasma. We propose that the EMSTID and the EPB could have electrically coupled with each other, causing an enhanced polarization electric field (PEF) that polarized that EPB depletion; the E × B gradient drift instability (Kelley, 1989) could have caused the meter‐scale irregularities when that enhanced PEF was imposed on that reactivated EPB depletion surrounded by that enhanced density plasma. This study provides observational evidence that how an electrical couple of EMSTID and EPB events can activate a postmidnight EPB depletion that should become a fossilized structure.
Adsorption of cations at the illite–water interface and its effect on intrinsic potassium ions

Na+, K+, Cs+ and Ca2+ are common exogenous cations that could be introduced into soils either via long‐term tillage with inorganic fertilizers or the leakage of nuclear waste. However, the manner in which they co‐adsorb and compete with the intrinsic potassium ions in illite, the response of intrinsic potassium (K′+), as well as the underlying mechanisms of these interactions, remain unclear. These aspects were explored using molecular dynamics simulations based on a series of concentrations. Because of the competition between exogenous cations and K′+, the number of adsorbed exogenous cations such as Na+ increased by 11.2, whereas the corresponding number of adsorbed potassium decreased by 14.2, with the increase in concentration from 0.1 to 1.0 mol·L−1, indicating that long‐term application of inorganic fertilizers tends to promote the release of intrinsic potassium. This was further validated from the increased adsorption free energy of IS (inner‐sphere) K′+, which increased from −54.3 kJ·mol−1 (0.1 mol·L−1) to −42.9 kJ·mol−1 (1.0 mol·L−1). The stability of both exogenous cations and intrinsic potassium decreased with the increase in concentration. This was mainly caused by the reduction of illite–cation interactions, as evidenced by the radial distribution function analysis. Nonetheless, intrinsic potassium always dominated the competition, as its abundance was lower than that of exogenous cations only beyond 0.7 mol·L−1. Different exogenous cations exerted diverse effects on the intrinsic potassium and may vary with the concentration, as reflected by the distribution, adsorption number, coordination environment and adsorption stability. Generally, the effect of exogenous cations on intrinsic potassium decreased as Ca2+ > Na+ > Cs+, which may have been caused by the different adsorption sites. These results provide new insight into the environmental effect of the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers and the leakage of radioactive waste in soils.
Pollen characteristics of some grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

Pollen morphology is an important parameter. In this study, the pollen morphology of selected in 10 grape cultivars were examined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The pollen surface features were observed, such as length, width, and P/E ratio of pollen. The pollen differed in some microstructural characteristic. Pollen width exhibited significant according to the varieties (10.12-22.44 µm). Smilarly, the statistical difference occurred among the ten Vitis genotypes in terms of mean pollen length (16.26-29.91 µm). P/E ratio determined to the varieties (1.08-2.55 µm) and, grape varieties have the longest pollen, in general. The without furrows are surrounded in exine were determined in cultivars of “Alicante Boushet”, “Cardinal”, “Syrah”. Areolat pollen was determined in among other cultivars. Depending on the cultivars there was a statistical difference from the point of pore diameter. Pollen viability was determined between 11.75 % and 84.25 % in TTC tests. The present research is a contribution to amore detailed analysis of grapevine cultivars. Abstract
Comparative assessment of fluid intake of sedentary and manual workers in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria

Daily fluid intake in individuals is known to be influenced by several factors such as climatic conditions, physical activities, nature of fluid and its availability, and behavioural responses. The high temperature of the tropics is expected to increase fluid intake, and more so for labor-intensive workers. The fluid intake of sedentary and manual workers in southeast Nigeria was assessed and compared with international benchmarks. A cross sectional study was conducted among 243 subjects from both groups. The subjects were assessed and data on socio-demographic variables, weight, height and 24 hour fluid intake documented. The fluid intake of the manual workers was significantly higher than that of sedentary workers. Higher proportions of manual workers met the fluid recommendations of WHO and the USA IOM for men on moderate activities. However, the manual workers fared poorly on fluid intake when compared with the WHO recommendation for manual workers operating in high temperatures. Though studies in other countries have shown deficiencies in populations meeting international benchmarks for fluid intake, its occurrence in workers operating in high temperatures of the tropics and its possible effects on body performance and health is of great concern and calls for public enlightenment for adequate intake. Key words: Fluid intake, manual workers, sedentary workers, high temperature.
Breast Cancer Risk Factors among Women Getting Mammogram Screening at Azadi Hospital and Private Mammographic Clinics in Kirkuk City

Background: Breast lesions form a heterogeneous group of illnesses that affect epithelial and stromal tissues of breast. There are many factors such as demographic, social and biomedical hazard act as breast lesion development; generally, these factors can be grouped into hazard factors that can be altered (modifiable) and hazard factors that cannot be altered (non-modifiable). Objectives: To identify breast cancer risk factors of breast among women attending to mammographic clinics in Kirkuk City. Methods: A descriptive study design carried out in Kirkuk City among (100) women getting mammogram screening, selected by purposive (non-probability) sample. The study initiated from (September 26 th , 2020 –June 27 th , 2021). Results: Fifty-one percent of women who visited the mammogram clinics were belong 40-49 years old with average age 44±9 years. Only 9% of women were smoking. While 21% of them were reporting that they were ex-smokers and 55% of them were some one smoked around. Only 6% of women were playing sport as running (3%) and daily walk (3%) that showed significant difference at p-value= 0.041. And the findings showed that 38% of them were eating a lot of sweet, but that was statistically insignificant. Most of women were eating a lot of fat and carbohydrate (84%) that showed significant difference at p-value = 0.029. Meanwhile only 34% of women were eating red meat, 56%, eating white meat, and 71% eating fresh fruit and vegetable but all that were statistically insignificant appeared. Conclusion: Age and unhealthy physical and dietary behaviour may associate with breast health problems.
Morphodynamics of an erodible channel under varying discharge

Alluvial channels arise through the interaction between morphology, hydraulics, and sediment transport, known as the ‘fluvial trinity’. Over relatively short timescales where climate and geology are fixed but discharge and sediment supply may vary, this process facilitates adjustments towards steady state, where the system oscillates around a mean condition. The relationship between changes in conditions and geomorphic response may be highly complex and nonlinear, especially in systems with multiple modes of adjustment. This study examines the adjustment of an erodible channel with fixed banks and a widely graded sediment mixture to successive increases in discharge. With each increase in discharge, components of the fluvial trinity adjusted towards a steady state. Particularly at relatively low discharges, adjustments were controlled by intrinsic thresholds and highlighted important morphodynamic processes. Notably, there was a strong interplay between channel morphology and sediment transport, and an effect whereby larger‐than‐average grains controlled channel deformation. These two processes occurred at the bar scale and were highly spatialised, which has two important implications: (1) reach‐averaged representations of process provide only partial insight into morphodynamics; and (2) models of rivers that suppress these process feedbacks and size‐dependent transport may not replicate morphodynamics that typically occur in field conditions. The experiments provide quantitative evidence for conceptual models describing exponential approaches towards steady state and the potential for transiency if disturbance frequency exceeds the recovery time. They also highlight how in natural rivers, particularly those with greater degrees of freedom for adjustment (notably, lateral adjustment and meandering), continuous changes in discharge may lead to nonlinear rather than steady‐state behaviour. In these settings, more holistic analytical frameworks that embrace different aspects of the system are critical in understanding the direction, magnitude and timing of channel adjustments.
Applications of Some Generalized Janowski Meromorphic Multivalent Functions

In this article, the ideas of post-quantum calculus and meromorphic multivalent functions are combined and some applications of these functions are discussed. We introduce a new subclass of meromorphic multivalent functions in association with Janowski domain. We investigate and study some useful geometric properties of this class of functions such as sufficiency criteria, distortion problem, growth theorem, radii of starlikeness and convexity, convex combination, and coefficient estimates for this class.
Joint modeling gravity, geoidal and geothermal of the Lithosphere in Sergipano Belt and tectonic implications, NE Brazil

Abstract. In this research paper were applied methods which integrate geophysical and petrological data to the crustal and lithospheric structure in the Sergipano Belt, in the Southern Borborema Province, NE Brazil. These methods allowed us to unveil the main crustal features and their tectonic relationships with the crust-mantle interface (Moho), as well as the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) of this region. The crust structure was constrained by available geological, gravimetric and seismological data, and chemical composition for mantle bodies. Gravity, geoid and heat flow data integrated with existent geological and geophysical data provides to understand the evolution of the Southern Borborema Province. The modeling method was based on local isostasy in which the first phase of the work consisted on the filtering of geoid anomaly and topography data using low-pass in the harmonic and frequency domains, respectively, to estimate the thickness of the crust and the lithosphere, and the second phase is characterized by geothermal modeling. The crustal structure was constrained by geological information, thermo-physical parameters, and gravity and magnetic data inversion results, while the lithospheric mantle was constrained by chemical composition of xenoliths. The results show that maximum depths of Moho and thermal lithosphere (LAB) along the modeled profile are 34–42 km and 194–202 km observed, and temperatures are recorded with an average of 600 °C in the Moho temperature at Sergipano belt. The results presented suggest a thinning lithospheric mantle below the Sergipano belt, with values varying between 168 to 180 km, excepting in Girau do Ponciano whose is 194 km and a moderate lithospheric thickening below the Rio Coruripe, and thicker lithosphere at Pernambuco-Alagoas terrains reached 202 km.
The Role of Oxidative Stress and the Importance of miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness in developed countries. With the progressive aging of the population, AMD is a significant ophthalmological problem in the population over 50 years of age. The etiology of AMD is known to be based on various biochemical, immunological and molecular pathways and to be influenced by a range of genetic and environmental elements. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of oxidative stress and free radicals in the retina with a special focus on the DNA repair efficiency and enzymatic antioxidant defense. It also presents a correlation between miRNA profile and AMD, and indicates their involvement in inflammation, angiogenesis, increased oxidation of cellular components, enzymatic antioxidant capacity and DNA repair efficiency, which play particularly important roles in AMD pathogenesis. Gene silencing by miRNAs can induce changes in antioxidant enzymes, leading to a complex interplay between redox imbalance by free radicals and miRNAs in modulating cellular redox homeostasis.
Proficiency in English is a better predictor of educational achievement than English as an Additional Language (EAL)

ABSTRACT We compared two tools that have been used to capture the linguistic heterogeneity and achievement of students in England: the exposure-based distinction between English as an additional language (EAL) and monolingual learners, and the 2017–2018 five level teacher rating of proficiency in English (from “New to English” to “Fluent”). Based on a nationally representative sample of 140,000 students aged 5 to 16 years, we assessed the explanatory power of the proficiency in English rating in relation to educational achievement and compared it directly to EAL status. Our results demonstrate that proficiency in English is a significantly better predictor of student achievement than EAL status and that it accounts for up to six times more variance than other student background variables (ethnicity, gender and socio-economic disadvantage) combined. Proficiency in English was particularly (but certainly not solely) predictive for student performance in subjects such as English and reading vis-à-vis mathematics. Our findings are clear in demonstrating the value of a proficiency in English rating for assessing linguistic heterogeneity and student achievement, in contrast to the exposure-based EAL measure. We recommend the (re)introduction of proficiency in English ratings to monitor and support student progress and discuss the value of classroom-based language assessments.
Deteriorations in physical qualities during a 10-week unsupervised off-season period in academy rugby union players

ABSTRACT Purpose To determine the changes in physical qualities of academy rugby union players over a 10-week unsupervised off-season period. Methods Body mass, jump height, sprint performance, and intermittent running (30:15 IFT) of 64 academy rugby union players (age = 17.2 ± 0.4 y) were recorded before and after the off-season. Results Changes in body mass (+1.4 ± 1.3 kg), countermovement jump (−2.2 ± 1.2 cm), squat jump (-1.5 ± 1.8 cm), 10 m sprint (+0.06 ± 0.05 s), 40 m sprint (+0.13 ± 0.11 s) and 30:15 IFT (-0.8 ± 0.8 kmŸh−1) were observed (P < 0.001, d = -1.77 to 0.47). Only changes in body mass were greater in forwards than backs (P = 0.036, d = 0.46). Players with higher end-of-season body mass, squat jump and 30:15 IFT had greater off-season changes (P = < 0.001 to 0.044; d = 0.63 to 0.94), whilst the pre-post difference in body mass influenced CMJ (P = 0.005, d = 0.75) and 10 m momentum change (P < 0.001, d = 1.61). Conclusion Understanding the individuality of the changes in physical qualities of academy rugby union players during the off-season is important to ensure players return safely to pre-season training loads.
A Novel Numerical Method for Solving Fractional Diffusion-Wave and Nonlinear Fredholm and Volterra Integral Equations with Zero Absolute Error

In this work, a new numerical method for the fractional diffusion-wave equation and nonlinear Fredholm and Volterra integro-differential equations is proposed. The method is based on Euler wavelet approximation and matrix inversion of an M×M collocation points. The proposed equations are presented based on Caputo fractional derivative where we reduce the resulting system to a system of algebraic equations by implementing the Gaussian quadrature discretization. The reduced system is generated via the truncated Euler wavelet expansion. Several examples with known exact solutions have been solved with zero absolute error. This method is also applied to the Fredholm and Volterra nonlinear integral equations and achieves the desired absolute error of 0×10−31 for all tested examples. The new numerical scheme is exceptional in terms of its novelty, efficiency and accuracy in the field of numerical approximation.
Significant Seismic Risk Potential From Buried Faults Beneath Almaty City, Kazakhstan, Revealed From High‐Resolution Satellite DEMs

Major faults of the Tien Shan, Central Asia, have long repeat times, but fail in large ( Mw 7+) earthquakes. In addition, there may be smaller, buried faults off the major faults which are not properly characterized or even recognized as active. These all pose hazard to cities along the mountain range front such as Almaty, Kazakhstan. Here, we explore the seismic hazard and risk for Almaty from specific earthquake scenarios. We run three historical‐based earthquake scenarios (1887 Verny Mw 7.3, 1889 Chilik Mw 8.0 and 1911 Chon‐Kemin Mw 8.0) on the current population and four hypothetical scenarios for near‐field faulting. By making high‐resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) from SPOT and Pleiades stereo optical satellite imagery, we identify fault splays near and under Almaty. We assess the feasibility of using DEMs to estimate city building heights, aiming to better constrain future exposure datasets. Both Pleiades and SPOT‐derived DEMs find accurate building heights of the majority of sampled buildings within error; Pleiades tri‐stereo estimates 80% of 15 building heights within one sigma and has the smallest average percentage difference to field‐measured heights (14%). A moderately sized Mw 6.5 earthquake rupture occurring on a blind thrust fault, under folding north of Almaty is the most damaging scenario explored here due to the modeled fault stretching under Almaty, with estimated 12,300 ± 5,000 completely damaged buildings, 4,100 ± 3,500 fatalities and an economic cost of 4,700 ± 2,700 Million US dollars (one sigma uncertainty). This highlights the importance of characterizing location, extent, geometry, and activity of small faults beneath cities.
Psychometric Properties of the Clergy Suicide Prevention Competencies Developmental Rubric and Faith Leaders’ Readiness to Address Suicide Stigma

Faith leaders (FL) have a key role in suicide prevention. One of their roles is to address suicide stigma in faith communities. Are they ready to do so? The Clergy Suicide Prevention Skills Developmental Rubric (CSPCDR) was developed to understand and assess clergy suicide prevention skills. The psychometric properties of the CSPCDR are reported in order to assess FL’ readiness to address suicide stigma. Sample 1, 186 Protestant seminary students completed the CSPCDR twice, resulting in Pearson’s r = 0.77. Sample 2, 187 Protestant clergy and lay ministers completed the CSPCDR before and after one of eight trainings to test construct validity; the CSPCDR performed as expected. Results suggest how to expand FL’ readiness to address suicide stigma in faith communities.