Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional Features of the Outer Heliosphere Due to Coupling between the Interstellar and Interplanetary Magnetic Fields. I. Magnetohydrodynamic Model: Interstellar Perspective

The properties of the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC) are rather poorly examined, with the exception of the interstellar plasma velocity and temperature. The poorest known quantities are the strength and direction of the interstellar magnetic field (ISMF). We review available observational data and perform three-dimensional, time-dependent parametric modeling of the solar wind (SW) interaction with the local interstellar medium (LISM) for a number of typical strengths and directions of the ISMF. The effect of coupling the ISMF and the interplanetary magnetic field on the SW-LISM interaction pattern is investigated. In addition, we consider the case of an ISMF vector perpendicular to the LISM velocity vector and inclined at an angle of 60° toward the ecliptic plane, as suggested in recent publications relating LIC properties to the radio emission observed by Voyager 1. Since the existence of nonevolutionary MHD shocks remains controversial, special attention is paid to the case where the ISMF strength ahead of the bow shock falls into the region of nonevolutionary parallel shocks. It is shown that a complicated, multishocked solution, which exists in this case in the axially symmetric statement, acquires a regular evolutionary structure in a genuinely three-dimensional formulation of the problem. Current views regarding the existence and character of nonevolutionary shocks in space are presented, and an attempt is made to distinguish important physical questions of the uniqueness of MHD shock-wave structures from numerical artifacts. This is the first in a series of papers investigating the three-dimensional structure of the outer heliosphere. Here we present the results of purely MHD calculations, adopting an interstellar medium perspective. Subsequent papers will address the combined effect of charge exchange between neutral and charged particles and magnetic fields.
High-efficiency solar cells based on Cu(InAl)Se2 thin films

A Cu(InAl)Se2 solar cell with 16.9% efficiency is demonstrated using a Cu(InAl)Se2 thin film deposited by four-source elemental evaporation and a device structure of glass/Mo/Cu(InAl)Se2/CdS/ZnO/indium tin oxide/(Ni/Algrid)/MgF2. A key to high efficiency is improved adhesion between the Cu(InAl)Se2 and the Mo back contact layer, provided by a 5-nm-thick Ga interlayer, which enabled the Cu(InAl)Se2 to be deposited at a 530 °C substrate temperature. Film and device properties are compared to Cu(InGa)Se2 with the same band gap of 1.16 eV. The solar cells have similar behavior, with performance limited by recombination through trap states in the space charge region in the Cu(InAl)Se2 or Cu(InGa)Se2 layer.
Robust method for periodicity detection and characterization of irregular cyclical series in terms of embedded periodic components

A method for periodicity detection is proposed where unlike available methods a periodic component is characterized in terms of three basic periodicity attributes: the periodicity (or period length), the periodic pattern, and the scaling factors associated with the successive nearly repetitive segments. A scheme is proposed for subsequent successive detection and extraction of such (hidden) periodic or nearly periodic components constituting an irregular cyclical series. To our knowledge, the proposed decomposition is much more powerful in terms of information content and robustness than the presently available tools based on Fourier decomposition. Through the analysis of a variety of natural, experimental, and simulated data series, it is shown that the features of the periodicity attributes of the embedded periodic components can lead to a meaningful characterization of an irregular series in a new perspective.
Factors Affecting Pain in Hemodialysis and Non-pharmacological Management

Pain is a frequent problem among hemodialysis patients, mostly caused by painful procedures, acute complications of hemodialysis, and painful syndromes, such as musculoskeletal and neuropathic syndromes. Pain can frequently lead to sleep disturbances, reduced adherence to hemodialysis treatment, frequent hospital admissions, decreased quality of life, and high mortality rates. Non-pharmacological management of pain in the hemodialysis population includes aerobic and resistance exercises, music therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. The present review focuses on the factors affecting pain in hemodialysis and its non-pharmacological management, offering important information to renal professionals.
Detection of surface and bulk traps

A method for determining the geometrical surface trap structure of highly insulating polymer films is presented. We compare ’’open‐circuit’’ thermally‐stimulated current measurements of corona and electron‐beam‐charged foils. We present the results for three different polymers: polyfluoroethylenepropylene [Teflon (FEP)], polyethyleneterephthalate [Mylar (PET)], and Polyethylene (PE). For Teflon one observes that the surface traps are energetically shallower than the bulk traps, for Mylar no separate surface traps exist whereas for polyethylene the situation is opposite to Teflon. The spatial resolution of the method is 0.5 μm.
Analysis of transmission lines with frequency-dependent parameters by wavelet-FFT method

A wavelet approach to the analysis of transmission lines equations with frequency-dependent parameters is presented. The transmission line equations in the frequency domain are expanded on a wavelet basis, yielding an algebraic system in the wavelet-frequency domain. The algebraic system is then solved by the use of standard techniques; the results are inverse transformed yielding the behavior of voltage and current all along the line in the frequency domain. Inverse fast Fourier transform gives the time domain solution. The convenience of using the wavelet transform is that the matrices are sparse and of lower dimension if compared to standard techniques. The proposed method is characterized by low CPU times and low memory consumption.
Heat transfer across sheared suspensions: role of the shear-induced diffusion

Abstract Suspensions of non-Brownian spherical particles undergoing shear provide a unique system where mixing occurs spontaneously at low Reynolds numbers. Through a combination of experiments and simulations, we investigate the effect of shear-induced particle diffusion on the transfer of heat across suspensions. The influence of particle size, particle volume fraction and applied shear are examined. By applying a heat pulse to the inner copper wall of a Couette cell and analysing its transient temperature decay, the effective thermal diffusivity of the suspension, $\alpha $ , is obtained. Using index matching and laser-induced fluorescence imaging, we measured individual particle trajectories and calculated their diffusion coefficients. Simulations that combined a lattice Boltzmann technique to solve for the flow and a passive Brownian tracer algorithm to solve for the transfer of heat are in very good agreement with experiments. Fluctuations induced by the presence of particles within the fluid cause a significant enhancement ( ${\gt }200\hspace{0.167em} \% $ ) of the suspension transport properties. The effective thermal diffusivity was found to be linear with respect to both the Péclet number ( $\mathit{Pe}= \dot {\gamma } {d}^{2} / {\alpha }_{0} \leq 100$ ) and the solid volume fraction ( $\phi \leq 40\hspace{0.167em} \% $ ), leading to a simple correlation $\alpha / {\alpha }_{0} = 1+ \beta \phi \mathit{Pe}$ where $\beta = 0. 046$ and ${\alpha }_{0} $ is the thermal diffusivity of the suspension at rest. In our Couette cell, the enhancement was found to be optimum for a volume fraction, $\phi \approx 40\hspace{0.167em} \% $ , above which, due to steric effects, both the particle diffusion motion and of the effective thermal diffusion dramatically decrease. No such correlation was found between the average particle rotation and the thermal diffusivity of the suspension, suggesting that the driving mechanism for enhanced transport is the translational particle diffusivity. Movies are available with the online version of the paper.
INVESTIGATION AND MODELLING OF THE WALL PRESSURE FIELD BENEATH A TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER AT LOW AND MEDIUM FREQUENCIES

Abstract In the case of a vehicle moving in a fluid, computation of flow-induced panel vibrations, and the resulting sound generated inside the passenger compartment requires a model that describes the statistics of the turbulent wall pressure fluctuations accurately. However, the models currently available in the literature usually rely on simplifying assumptions and necessitate specific measurements in order to, for example, evaluate the evolution of the coherence length with frequency. This paper describes the work done in order to propose a semi-empirical model for the wall pressure field beneath a fully turbulent boundary layer flow. The main goal is to try to avoid the necessity of preliminary experiments to determine the model coefficients, i.e., propose a model for the power spectral density, coherence length, and phase velocity. After a quick literature review, it proves necessary to acquire a set of experimental data with a fine space–time resolution. Fluctuating wall pressure transducers are developed in this perspective, and experiments are performed in an anechoic wind testing facility. The results are then compared with some published data, analyzed to attempt to offer a schematic description of the physical phenomena involved, and to define the pertinent parameters of the flow and properties of the wall pressure field. These observations are then used to propose a new model for the wall pressure field beneath a fully turbulent boundary layer flow.
A classical trajectory Monte Carlo study of collisions of He2+ with H in a strong magnetic field

The authors derive the classical equations of motion for the three-body problem in a constant uniform magnetic field. They solve these for an ion-atom collision with the field along the initial projectile velocity on the assumption that the field quantum (h(cross) omega c) is small compared with the ionisation potential of the target, using the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method. The example chosen is He2+ on H at laboratory energies of 25, 50 and 75 keV amu-1. Increases of as much as 17% are found in the field-free capture and ionisation cross sections as the field increases up to 4.7*104 T.
Surface doping in pentacene thin-film transistors with few monolayer thick channels

Molecular surface doping was studied for organic thin film transistors consisting of an active layer of few monolayers pentacene, as prepared by physical vapor deposition. In situ transport measurements with different dopants revealed both positive (tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane – F4TCNQ) and negative (manganese(III)-tetraphenylporphyrin-chloride), as well as zero value (cobalt(II)-tetraphenylporphyrin and fullerene) gate threshold shifts. For F4TCNQ, a high doping efficiency of 25% was observed. The maximum gate threshold shift was more than halved with pentacene thickness increasing from 2.5 to 5 monolayers, indicating that the doping effect decays above ∼2.5 monolayers. Charge transfer has been discussed based on complementary x-ray photoelectron experiments.
The t Copula and Related Copulas

The t copula and its properties are described with a focus on issues related to the dependence of extreme values. The Gaussian mixture representation of a multivariate t distribution is used as a starting point to construct two new copulas, the skewed t copula and the grouped t copula, which allow more heterogeneity in the modelling of dependent observations. Extreme value considerations are used to derive two further new copulas: the t extreme value copula is the limiting copula of componentwise maxima of t distributed random vectors; the t lower tail copula is the limiting copula of bivariate observations from a t distribution that are conditioned to lie below some joint threshold that is progressively lowered. Both these copulas may be approximated for practical purposes by simpler, better‐known copulas, these being the Gumbel and Clayton copulas respectively.
Association Between Smoking and Smokeless from of Tobacco With candida Species in The Oral Cavity.

Candida species constitute a part of the human oral commensal flora in 2 to 71 percent of healthy subjects. Several previous studies have reported that tobacco smoking, either alone or in combination with other systemic or local factors, is associated with increased oral candidal colonization or with the development of oral candidosis. It has been suggested that cigarette smoking might lead to localized epithelial alterations allowing candidal colonization. Cigarette smoke may also provide nutrition for candida albicans. Theories offer partial explanations why smokers may be more prone to candidal leukoplakia with higher potential for malignant changes than other leukoplakias. Aim of the study was to assess and compare the quantitative oral colonization of Candida species between a group of tobacco smokers and smokeless form of tobacco users
On the Decrease in Dependence with Lag for Stationary Markov Chains

Results and conditions that quantify the decrease in dependence with lag for stationary Markov chains are obtained. Notions of dependence that are used are the concordance or positive quadrant dependence ordering, measures of dependence based on ψ-divergences such as the relative entropy measure of dependence, and the Goodman-Kruskal measure of association. The general results are mainly for first-order Markov chains, but there are also some results for higher order Markov chains.
SiGe intermixing in Ge/Si(100) islands

We have applied atomic force microscopy and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy to the study of SiGe intermixing in Ge/Si(100) self-assembled islands. We have quantified the Ge/Si alloying as a function of the deposition temperature in the 500–850 °C range. The Si content inside the islands varies from 0% at 550 °C up to 72% at 850 °C. As a consequence of the reduction of the effective mismatch due to the observed SiGe intermixing, the critical base width for island nucleation increases from 25 nm for Tdep<600 °C up to 270 nm for Tdep=850 °C.
Blowing Effects on the Separated Flow over a Moderately Swept Missile Fin

This aim of this numerical study is to control the separated flow over a generic missile fin characterized by a sweep angle of 50 deg and a sharp leading edge. The flow without control separates at the leading edge and the fin is stalled. To control the flow separation, a blowing slot is placed all along the fin leading edge, and both continuous and pulsed blowing are applied. The nondimensional frequencies F + based on the freestream velocity and the root chord of the fin are equal to 1, 1.5, 3, 6, and 10. Applying continuous blowing results in a larger reverse-flow region than in the reference case. As a consequence, the aerodynamic performance of the fin is deteriorated. Conversely, using pulsed blowing tends to decrease the pressure over the fin and the extent of the reverse-flow region. The performance of the fin is then enhanced, particularly for a pulsing frequency equal to that of natural vortex-shedding (F + = 1.5). Finally, the last part of the paper discusses the effects of the suction phase by comparing synthetic-jet actuation and pulsed blowing at the optimal frequency.
Strategy for Liquid Waste Management for Batik Industry in Ulu Gedong Village, Jambi, Indonesia

Batik industry liquid waste in Ulu Gedong Village, DanauTeluk District, Jambi City,must be managed so it doesn’t pollute the surrounding environment. Many factors influence the need for properly treated batik liquid waste. Thus, it is necessary to know what factors cause pollution and the right strategy for managing Batik industry wastewater in Ulu Gedong Village, DanauTeluk District, Jambi City. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze aspects that influence the liquid waste management strategy for Batik industries in Ulu Gedong Vil - lage, DanauTeluk District, Jambi City, (2) to determine the appropriate strategy for managing Batik industry wastewater in Ulu Gedong Village, DanauTeluk District, Jambi City.The number of respondents in this study consisted of 20 people using the Analytic Network Process method and using the “Super Decision” software. The results showed that the most influential aspects in the management of Batik industry liquid waste in Ulu Gedong Village, DanauTeluk District, namely Cultural aspects (0.92), Economic (0.80), Social (0.45), Management (0.42), and Technical (0.41). The main priority in the Batik industry liquid waste management strategy is providing convenience and incentives to businesses participating in wastewater management, such as granting business licenses and tax breaks. So it is hoped that the role of the Jambi City government can strive to provide convenience and incentive assistance to batik entrepreneurs who have or want to build batik Wastewater Management Installation facilities
Soil Moisture and Atmospheric Aridity Impact Spatio‐Temporal Changes in Evapotranspiration at a Global Scale

Evapotranspiration (ET) constitutes the water exchange from land to the atmosphere, which in turn modulates precipitation and soil moisture (SM). Multiple lines of evidence document complex feedbacks between changes in ET and temperature, atmospheric CO2 and vegetation greening. However, the existing analyses on global changes in ET do not account for the direct effects of SM supply and atmospheric water demand, expressed by vapor pressure deficit (VPD), while considering multiple environmental variables. Here we evaluated the performance of ET products using 140 flux towers included in the FLUXNET database. All ET products show reasonable performance, with an overall correlation higher than 0.7 and better performance at a higher latitude. From analysis of the ensemble mean of annual ET, we show insignificant (P = 0.06) trends in global ET during 1982–2020 and a significantly (P < 0.01) increasing trend during 2002–2020. Changes in GLEAM ET generally exert a positive response to changes in SM and a negative response to changes in VPD. Yet, these effects are not globally consistent and are largely determined by changes in vegetation transpiration. Using our finding as a benchmark, Earth System Models mostly reproduce the positive response of ET to SM with less coupling strength, while showing negative effects of VPD on ET with stronger coupling strength. Our study highlights that concurrent soil drying and atmospheric aridity could intensify water exchanges and the importance of realistically representing SM‐VPD‐ET interactions in models for accurate predictions of the hydrological cycle.
Growth curve estimation in pure goat breeds and crosses of first and second generation in Tunisian oases

Five non-linear statistical models were tested to fit the growth curve parameters of the kids of indigenous, Alpine and Damascus goats and their crosses. Data from 16 years’ periodical weight study was used to adjust the growth curve of 1,687 suckling kids before they attained the age of five months. Among the tested models, the iterative procedure made it possible for the Gompertz model to be identified as the best for use to adjust kids’ growth evolution. Brody, Richards, Logistic and Polynomial models showed some convergence problems of accuracy. Curve parameters were fitted by Gompertz model after about 16 iterations with a coefficient of determination (CD) value of 71%. Growth parameters were established by genetic groups and the shape of the curve changed with kids’ genotypes. Crossbreeding allowed for a better growth kinetic in indigenous kids. After birth, kids’ weights increased rapidly to an asymptotic weight at an early age. The best growth performances were obtained in the first generation of crossbreeding due to heterosis. The growth curve adjustment helped in better flock management and in the fattening of kids according to the potentialities of each genotype.
Effect of Intensive Glycemic Control on Myocardial Infarction Outcome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background The effect of intensive glucose-lowering treatment on the risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes remains uncertain, especially the effect on the occurrence of myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant RCTs. Methods We performed a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTS) and observational studies relevant to this study question. We searched the PubMed and Cochrane databases until June 2022. Results We included data on 14 RCTs and 144,334 patients, all of whom had type 2 diabetes. When all studies were considered, intensive glucose-lowering treatment significantly reduced the incidence of MI compared with conventional therapy and the total OR value is 0.90 (CI 0.84, 0.97; P = 0.004) when considering all the studies. When the target value of intensive glucose-lowering treatment was considered as HbA1c decrease of more than 0.5%, there was no significant protective effect on MI, the total OR value is 0.88 (CI 0.81, 0.96; P = 0.003). When considering all available RCTS, the intensive glucose-lowering treatment group had a protective effect for MACE compared to the conventional treatment group, and the total OR value is 0.92 (CI 0.88, 0.96; P < 0.00001). In the available RCTs, for the patients with a history of prior CAD, the total OR value is 0.94 (CI 0.89, 0.99; P = 0.002). And there was no difference in the incidence of hypoglycemic events between the intensive and conservative treatment groups. Conclusion Our data support the positive protective effect of glucose-lowering therapy on MI in patients with T2DM, but there is no significant effect of intensive glucose-lowering. In addition, we found no greater protective effect of enhanced glucose control in the HbA1c reduction of more than 0.5%, and no difference in the incidence of adverse events compared with the HbA1c reduction of less than 0.5%.
A Characterization of the Range of the Divergent Beam x-Ray Transform

In this paper we give a characterization of the range of the divergent beam x-ray transform when the source set is a sphere. The result is analogous to the theorem of Helgason [Acta. Math., 113 (1965), pp. 153–180] and Ludwig [Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 69 (1966), pp. 49–81] on the range of the Radon transform.
Energy Dissipation by Breaking Waves

Abstract Recent field measurements by Agrawal et al. have provided evidence of a shallow surface mixed layer in which the rate of dissipation due to turbulence is one to two orders of magnitude greater than that in a comparable turbulent boundary layer over a rigid wall. It is shown that predictions by Phillips of the energy lost by breaking surface waves in an equilibrium regime and laboratory measurements by Rapp and Melville of the mixing and turbulence due to breaking together lead to estimates of the enhanced dissipation rate and the thickness of the surface layer consistent with the field measurements. Wave-age-dependent scaling of the dissipation layer is proposed. Laboratory measurements of dissipation rates in both unsteady and quasi-steady breaking waves are examined. It is shown that an appropriately defined dimensionless rate of dissipation in unsteady breaking waves is not constant, but increases with a measure of the wave slope. Differences between dissipation rates in quasi-steady and unste.