Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Macrorough Sidewalls on Flow Resistance in Steep Rough Channels

Previous studies showed that macrorough sidewalls increase the stability of step‐pool sequences in steep narrow channels due to grain‐sidewall interactions (i.e., jamming) and bed shear stress reduction due to sidewall friction. The main goal of this study was to quantify sidewall and bed shear stress for six types of macrorough sidewalls using physical model tests. Experiments were conducted in a tilting flume with initial slopes of 4%–10% with fixed rough beds without step‐pool sequences and mobile rough beds containing step‐pool sequences. A hydraulic geometry relation to predict mean flow velocity was extended with the relative sidewall roughness to account for friction effects of macrorough sidewalls, resulting in mean prediction errors below 8% for the mobile bed experiments. Furthermore, the study presents a method to estimate flow resistance caused by the macrorough sidewalls by applying a modified sidewall correction. For the fixed rough bed, the macrorough sidewalls accounted for 10%–70% of the total shear stress. In the mobile bed experiments, the bed freely adjusted to the flow leading to the formation of step‐pool sequences. Consequently, sidewall friction accounted for 5%–40% of the total shear stress because the step‐pool structures induced larger flow resistance compared to the fixed bed experiments. Overall, the results allow to determine bed and sidewall shear stress in steep channels with macrorough bed and sidewalls, thereby enabling future studies to better quantify the mechanisms responsible for the increase in bed stability in step‐pool channels with macrorough sidewalls.
Hospital-Onset Bloodstream Infections Caused by Eight Sentinel Bacteria: A Nationwide Study in Israel, 2018–2019

Nationwide studies on hospital-onset bloodstream infections (HO-BSIs) are scarce. To describe incidence, mortality and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of HO-BSI caused by eight sentinel bacteria in Israel, we used laboratory-based BSI surveillance data from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019. All hospitals reported positive blood cultures growing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. We calculated HO-BSI incidence and 14-day, 30-day and 1-year mortality in adults. We performed multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of 30-day mortality. The study included 6752 HO-BSI events: K. pneumoniae (1659, 22.1%), E. coli (1491, 19.8%), S. aureus (1315, 17.5%), P. aeruginosa (1175, 15.6%), E. faecalis (778, 10.4%), A. baumannii (654, 8.7%), E. faecium (405, 5.4%) and S. pneumoniae (43, 0.6%). Overall incidence was 2.84/1000 admissions (95% CI: 2.77–2.91) and 6.88/10,000 patient-days (95% CI: 6.72–7.05). AMR isolates accounted for 44.2% of events. Fourteen-day, thirty-day and one-year mortality were 30.6% (95% CI: 28.5%–32.8%), 40.2% (95% CI: 38.2%–42.1%) and 66.5% (95% CI: 64.7%–68.3%), respectively. Organisms with highest risk for 30-day mortality (compared with E. coli) were A. baumannii (OR 2.85; 95% CI: 2.3–3.55), E. faecium (OR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.66–2.79) and S. pneumoniae (OR 2.36; 95% CI: 1.21–4.59). Mortality was higher in AMR isolates (OR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.4–1.77). This study highlights the incidence, associated high mortality and important role of antibiotic resistance in HO-BSI.
Gamification in preschool science education

Over the last few years, rapid technological progress has developed our lives in all areas. The adoption of technology in the everyday lives of both adults and children through smart mobile devices has led to the foreseeable integration of digital tools in the educational process. Smart mobile devices and the applications that accompany them have been proven effective in the educational field since they allow students to acquire knowledge through activities with an interactive and playful character. A technique that has gained popularity among technology users in the last decades is gamification. Gamification combines mechanisms and elements of games, enhancing students' learning, motivation, and interest in various educational fields, such as mathematics and science. The usage of game elements in education is not encountered for the first time due to the spread of gamification in technology, but it has been mentioned since the early ancient Greek years. However, technology has reinforced gamification through components and techniques that provide students with all the necessary supplies leading to positive learning outcomes. This bibliographic review presents the literature findings on gamification through smart mobile devices in science teaching in preschool education.
Characterization of Deltacoronavirus in Black-Headed Gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) in South China Indicating Frequent Interspecies Transmission of the Virus in Birds

Deltacoronavirus (DCoV) is a genus of coronavirus (CoV) commonly found in avian and swine, but some DCoVs are capable of infecting humans, which causes the concern about interspecies transmission of DCoVs. Thus, monitoring the existence of DCoVs in animals near communities is of great importance for epidemic prevention. Black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) are common migratory birds inhabiting in most urban and rural wetlands of Yunnan Province, China, which is a typical habitat for black-headed gulls to overwinter. Whether Yunnan black-headed gulls carry CoV has never been determined. In this study, we identified three strains of DCoVs in fecal samples of Yunnan black-headed gulls by reverse-transcriptional PCR and sequenced their whole genomes. Genomic analysis revealed that these three strains shared genomic identity of more than 99%, thus named DCoV HNU4-1, HNU4-2, and HNU4-3; their NSP12 showed high similarity of amino acid sequence to the homologs of falcon coronavirus UAE-HKU27 (HKU27), houbara coronavirus UAE-HKU28 (HKU28), and pigeon coronavirus UAE-HKU29 (HKU29). Since both HKU28 and HKU29 were found in Dubai, there might be cross-border transmission of these avian DCoVs through specific routes. Further coevolutionary analysis supported this speculation that HNU4 (or its ancestors) in black-headed gulls originated from HKU28 (or its homologous strain) in houbara, which was interspecies transmission between two different avian orders. In addition, interspecies transmission of DCoV, from houbara to falcon, pigeon and white-eye, from sparrow to common-magpie, and quail and mammal including porcine and Asian leopard cat, from munia to magpie-robin, was predicted. This is the first report of black-headed gull DCoV in Asia which was highly homolog to other avian DCoVs, and the very “active” host-switching events in DCoV were predicted, which provides important reference for the study of spread and transmission of DCoVs.
An examination of college student helping intentions: depression, suicidal, and homicidal presentations

ABSTRACT Depression is common in college students. Little research has examined peer helping intentions when a student is posed with a peer disclosing depression. Moreover, little research has examined how helping intentions may change with presentation severity (e.g. if suicidal or homicidal ideation is present). We addressed these questions by collecting data from a large sample of college students. Participants were randomly assigned through an online survey into one-of-three experimental vignette conditions to a hypothetical peer with depression (n =198), depression with suicidal ideation (Depression-SI; n = 194), and depression with homicidal ideation (Depression-HI; n = 175). Participants then responded to a measure of helping intentions. Respondents across conditions indicated they generally intended to help their peer. Referrals to a mental health professional and family members were the most frequently chosen, with referrals to a hotline or website being the least frequently chosen. Participants in the Depression-HI condition reported the greatest helping intentions, followed by participants in the Depression-SI condition. Participants in the Depression condition reported the lowest helping intentions. College students likely intend to help their peers with mental health concerns, particularly if the peer is presenting with risk factors that may indicate a threat of violence.
Long-term results with custom-linked iodine-125 seeds and real-time brachytherapy in low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer

Purpose Brachytherapy (BT) with iodine-125 (125I) seeds is effective in low- and intermediate-risk prostate carcinoma, with fewer side effects compared to other techniques, but relapses increase in long-term. In the present paper, 10-year biochemical relapse-free survival (BRFS) results are presented. Material and methods Between 2007 and 2016, 706 patients were treated with real-time technique using Bard-ProLink™ system. 145 Gy was administered to the prostate with exclusive BT and 108 Gy after 46 Gy of external radiotherapy (EBRT). Androgen deprivation therapy was applied in 19.3% of patients. Results Median follow-up was 96 months (range, 24-163 months). BRFS at 5 and 10 years was 95% and 91.1%, respectively. For 480 low-risk cases, BRFS at 5 and 10 years was 95.7% and 92.7%, and for 226 intermediate-risk cases, it was 92.7% and 88%, respectively (p < 0.05). With combined treatment of EBRT + BT, 133 cases (59%) of intermediate-risk were treated without differences with exclusive BT. Gleason score 4 + 3 cases dropped to 72.8% at 10 years (p < 0.001), with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to 90.9% and without ADT to 66.8%; it was worse if patients had exclusive BT. 10-year BRFS for T1c was 95% compared to 84% for T2 (p < 0.001). Initial prostate specific antigen (PSA) > or < 10 showed no differences. With > 50% biopsy cores positive, it fell to 80% at 10 years (p < 0.001). In 154 patients up to 60 years of age, 10-year BRFS was 97.6%. Urinary complications appeared in 16.9% of cases in exclusive BT vs. 26.1% in EBRT + BT. Grade 2+ urinary late complications were observed in 19.1% and grade 3+ in 5.8% of patients. Rectal toxicity was 4% (2.5% in BT alone and 10.1% in RT + BT), while G3+ was seen in 0.1%. Conclusions Real-time BT with custom-linked 125I seeds is a very effective long-term treatment in low- and intermediate-risk prostate carcinoma. With Gleason score 4 + 3 or > 50% biopsy cores positive, we recommend combined treatment with additional ADT for 6 months.
Substance use, social support and socio-demographic factors among commercial drivers in Ibadan

Commercial drivers often engage in long and irregular working hours, and as such suffer back pain, fatigue, stress and thereafter use some psychoactive substance to cope with their job. Even though most studies on substance use have been on general population, limited information is available on the use of substance and roles of socio-demographic factors among commercial drivers. This study therefore examined the roles of socio-demographic factors (age, years of driving, gender and social support) in substance use among commercial drivers in Ibadan, Nigeria.The study employed a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling technique to recruit 250 commercial drivers. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information on socio-demographic information, social support and substance use from the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, Analysis of Variance and Independent t-test analysis. Results showed that years of driving significantly have a positive correlation with substance use. However, duration and hours spent on the driving did not have a significant independent relationship with substance use. Younger participants significantly engage more in substance use than older individuals. Similarly, female participants significantly engage more in substance use than male drivers. Additionally, participants with high social support mostly engage in substance use than participants with low social support. The study concluded that years of driving, age, gender and social support network of the drivers significantly plays an influencing roles in substance usage among commercial drivers in Ibadan. The study recommends that, in the organized substance use and abuse preventive program for drivers, the consideration for drivers’ socio-demographics factors is quite imperative, especially as more females and younger individuals with more social support are getting more involved in substance use.
Ten-year trends and prediction model of 30-day inpatient mortality for alcoholic hepatitis in the United States

Background Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) results in significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare burden. We aimed to evaluate the temporal trends of AH hospitalizations in the last decade and to devise a mortality scoring system for risk stratification. Methods National Inpatient Sample (NIS) databases from 2009-2019 were used to identify AH hospitalizations. Outcomes of interest included temporal trend analysis of length of stay (LOS), mean inpatient cost (MIC), mortality, and mortality predictors. A mortality scoring system was derived using multivariate Cox regression and validated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results There was an increase in total AH hospitalizations, from 67,070 in 2009 to 125,540 in 2019 (P=0.004). The inpatient mortality increased from 2.48% in 2009 to 3.78% in 2019 (P=0.008). The MIC was $31,189 in 2009 and $62,229 in 2019 (P<0.001). A trend for LOS was not significant. Ten variables were selected for incorporation into a risk score, including anemia, age >60 years, female sex, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, acute renal failure, coagulopathy (thrombocytopenia), and hepatic encephalopathy. The score has a maximum of eight points, and the cutoff for predicting mortality was set as 4 points. The area under the curve (AUC) of the derivation cohort was 0.8766 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.865-0.888) and AUC 0.862 (95%CI 0.855-0.868) for a 30-day period. Conclusions There has been an increase in AH hospitalizations and mortality in the last decade. The Tahira score provides an easy objective method to estimate inpatient 30-day mortality for AH hospitalizations.
Reliability, Satisfaction and Effectiveness of Benralizumab Home Self-Administration in Patients with Severe Eosinophilic Asthma in Real-World Practice: The Auto-Benra Study

Introduction The increase in drugs available for severe uncontrolled asthma and the lifestyle of these patients make it necessary to implement self-administration programs of these therapies at home. Benralizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting IL5R, was authorized in Spain for poorly controlled severe eosinophilic asthma. The possibility of administration at home was approved in March 2020 in Spain. The aim of the Auto-Benra study was to evaluate the usability and satisfaction of the benralizumab prefilled syringe and autoinjector and assessing the effectivity of these devices in uncontrolled severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) in home-self administration. Methods This is a retrospective, observational multicenter study uncontrolled SEA patients treated with benralizumab at least with 3 doses self-administered at home before April 30, 2021. Reliability and satisfaction with benralizumab at home were evaluated with subcutaneous administration assessment questionnaire (SQAAQ) and visual analogic scales (VAS). Effectiveness was evaluated in all patients with asthma control test (ACT), Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (MiniAQLQ), annual exacerbation rate, oral corticosteroid treatment (OCS) and asthma-related hospitalizations and emergency visits. Results Fifty-four patients across 9 hospitals in Spain were included. The mean SQAAQ score was 6.89 (±0.16) points. Patients and their caregivers and doctors report excellent satisfaction by VAS, with no differences between benralizumab devices used (prefilled syringe and autoinjector). Severe exacerbation rate decreased by 65% (p = 0.0007) after benralizumab treatment. ACT score improved on average 6.27 ± 5.35 points (p < 0.0001) and the mean MiniAQLQ increased up to 1.58 ± 1.47 points (p < 0.0001). Twenty-four patients were OCS-dependent and at the end of study 14 patients get complete OCS withdrawal. Conclusion AUTO-BENRA study supports the use of benralizumab at home given the excellent results of satisfaction and usability by patients and their caregivers.
Parental Depression and Leisure Activity Engagement on Children’s Gaming Disorder: A Dyadic Study

Nowadays, playing both online and offline video games is a popular leisure activity among youngsters, but excessive gaming activity engagement may lead to gaming disorder that disrupts daily functioning. Identifying risk and protective factors of this emerging problem is thus essential for devising prevention and intervention strategies. This mixed-method, cross-sectional study aimed to examine the roles of parental depressive symptoms and children’s leisure activity engagement on children’s gaming disorder symptoms. Furthermore, the moderating roles of risky and protective leisure activity engagement were investigated. The sample comprised 104 parent-child dyads recruited from a population-based survey (parents: Mage = 45.59 years, SD = 6.70; children: Mage = 11.26 years; SD = 4.12). As predicted, parental depressive symptoms and children’s gaming activity engagement were positively associated with children’s gaming disorder symptoms, whereas children’s literacy activity engagement was negatively associated with these symptoms. Moreover, engagement in these two types of leisure activity moderated the association between parental depressive symptoms and children’s gaming disorder symptoms in distinct manners, further indicating literacy activities as beneficial and gaming activities as risk-enhancing. These new findings imply that parental depressive symptoms and children’s leisure activity engagement should be considered when designing parent-based programs for gaming disorder prevention and intervention.
The maintenance conversion scheduling problem: Models and insights

The maintenance conversion scheduling problem (MCSP) is faced by organizations such as those in the airline, defense, heavy equipment, and transportation industries switching from an asset maintenance program with longer, less‐frequent service visits to one with shorter, more frequent visits. One example is the United States Air Force (USAF) High Velocity Maintenance program piloted at the Warner Robbins Air Logistics Center on the C‐130 aircraft line. The USAF MCSP is complex, as planners must schedule significantly more aircraft depot maintenance visits during the conversion period and must determine the timing and specific order in which each aircraft completes a repetitive sequence of maintenance visits. The conversion is expected to yield a stable long‐term maintenance schedule, while balancing annual depot workload and operating within reasonable flow times and work‐in‐process levels. While practically important, this problem has received little to no attention in the literature. Therefore, this research formalizes the general MCSP within an optimization framework, shows the MCSP is NP‐complete, proposes a computationally effective solution approach, and shows that a balanced long‐term schedule depends critically on the conversion period schedule. Our solutions are markedly better than USAF proposed schedules and underscore the value of leveraging synergies between asset availability and maintenance efficiency. Our approach moves the focus away from batch scheduling toward a smoother, more uniform, mixed‐model type schedule that yields more stable maintenance operations and a more consistent, predictable level of aircraft readiness. The manuscript concludes with a discussion of the main theoretical and practical implications of our work.
Detection of Secondary Arc Extinction for Adaptive Single Phase Auto-Reclosing‎

This study presents a non-communication based algorithm for detection of secondary arc extinction for adaptive single phase auto-reclosing of transmission lines. The algorithm is based on the behaviour pattern of the faulted phase voltage magnitude (VM) measured at the near end of the line. A prediction function is used to calculate the present VM few milliseconds in advance of its actual measurement. The difference between the actual and calculated values of the faulted phase VM is used as a criterion for detection of secondary arc extinction. A new method is proposed to analyse the arc extinction criterion which does not need a predefined threshold level. The algorithm uses low sampling frequency and is simple and fast. The algorithm can be applied on all transmission line configurations (transposed or untransposed) with different levels of reactive power compensation. The algorithm has been validated using the electromagnetic transient program software tool for simulation studies under many operational and fault cases. The presented test results for 465 cases verify the algorithm performance, which is not affected by the pre-fault line loading, the circuit breaker opening angle, arc type and fault location.
The association between peer‐victimisation and structural and functional brain outcomes: A systematic review

Abstract Background Peer adversity and aggression are common experiences in childhood and adolescence which lead to poor mental health outcomes. To date, there has been no review conducted on the neurobiological changes associated with relational peer‐victimisation, bullying and cyberbullying. Methods This systematic review assessed structural and functional brain changes associated with peer‐victimisation, bullying, and cyberbullying from 1 January 2000 to April 2021. A systematic search of Psychoinfo, Pubmed, and Scopus was performed independently by two reviewers using predefined criteria. Twenty‐six studies met the selection criteria and were considered for review. Results The data collected shows altered brain activation of regions implicated in processing reward, social pain, and affect; and heightened sensitivity and more widespread activation of brain regions during acute social exclusion, most notably in the amygdala, left parahippocampal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus, associated with victimisation exposure. In addition, victimised youths also demonstrated greater risk‐taking behaviours following acute social exclusion showing greater ventral striatum—inferior frontal gyrus coupling, activation in the bilateral amygdala, orbital frontal cortex (OFC), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), temporoparietal junction (TPJ), medial posterior parietal cortex (MPPC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), suggesting greater social monitoring, seeking of inclusion, and more effortful cognitive control. The studies included participants from a very broad developmental age range, mostly using cross‐sectional measure of peer‐victimisation exposure, at varying developmental stages. Conclusions This review highlights the need for more neuroimaging studies in cyberbullying, as well as longitudinal studies across more diverse samples for investigating gender, age, and developmental interactions with peer‐victimising. This also brings to attention the importance of addressing bullying victimisation particularly in adolescence, given the evidence for social stress in heightening developmentally sensitive processes which are associated with depression, anxiety, and externalising symptoms.