Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of spontaneous imbibition with gravity in porous media micromodels

Abstract In this work, theoretical modelling, quasi-three-dimensional (quasi-3D) simulations and micromodel experiments are conducted to study spontaneous imbibition with gravity in porous media micromodels. By establishing the force balance governing the spontaneous imbibition process, we develop a theoretical model for predicting the imbibition length against time in a rectangular capillary. The theoretical model is then extended to the prediction of a compact displacement process in a micromodel by using an equivalent width, which is derived by analogising the micromodel to a rectangular capillary. By simulating spontaneous imbibition in a rectangular capillary with various aspect ratios ($\varepsilon$), we show that the application condition of the quasi-3D method is $\varepsilon \leqslant 1/3$. Next, we simulate spontaneous imbibition in micromodels with various geometries and flow conditions. Fingering and compact displacement are identified for varying viscosity ratios and gravitational accelerations. At low (high) viscosity ratio of wetting to non-wetting fluids, an upward (downward) gravity can promote the stability of the wetting front, favouring the transition from fingering to compact displacement. In addition, we find that the depth-oriented interface curvature dominates the capillary effect during the imbibition, and such a mechanism is considered by introducing an equivalent contact angle into the theoretical model. With the help of equivalent width and contact angle, the theoretical model is shown to provide satisfactory prediction of the compact displacement process. Finally, a micromodel experiment is presented to further verify the developed theoretical model and the quasi-3D simulation.
Multilingual News Feed Analysis using Intelligent Linguistic Particle Filtering Techniques

Analyzing real-time news feeds and their impacts in the real world is a complex task in the social networking arena. Particularly, countries with a multilingual environment have various patterns and perceptions of news reports considering the diversity of the people. Multilingual and multimodal news analysis is an emerging trend for evaluating news source neutralities. Therefore, in this work, four new deep news particle filtering techniques were developed, including generic news analysis, sequential importance re-sampling (SIR)-based news particle filtering analysis, reinforcement learning (RL)-based multimodal news analysis, and deep Convolution neural network (DCNN)-based multi-news filtering approach, for news classification. Results indicate that these techniques, which primarily employ particle filtering with multilevel sampling strategies, produce 15% to 20% better performance than conventional news analysis techniques.
Another phase transition in the Axelrod model

Axelrod's model of cultural dissemination, despite its apparent simplicity, demonstrates complex behavior that has been of much interest in statistical physics. Despite the many variations and extensions of the model that have been investigated, a systematic investigation of the effects of changing the size of the neighborhood on the lattice in which interactions can occur has not been made. Here we investigate the effect of varying the radius R of the von Neumann neighborhood in which agents can interact. We show, in addition to the well-known phase transition at the critical value of q, the number of traits, another phase transition at a critical value of R, and draw a q -- R phase diagram for the Axelrod model on a square lattice. In addition, we present a mean-field approximation of the model in which behavior on an infinite lattice can be analyzed.
Inter-Organizational System Integration

Manufacturing firms have increasingly relied on inter-organizational systems (IOS) to facilitate inter-firm transactions and integration with suppliers. However, they frequently face various impediments, such as adversarial behaviours and misalignments, when trying to integrate with IOS (i.e., IOS integration or IT/IS integration). Based on the perspectives of mutual adaptation of technology and organization and socio-technical systems, this study develops two compromise constructs critical for IOS integration: inter-firm process compromise and technology compromise. These two compromise constructs, treated as neutral alignment, are proposed to affect the achievement of higher IOS integration. Based on 146 matched-pair samples, the findings demonstrate the importance of technology and inter-firm process compromises in achieving greater IOS integration, which, in turn, enables higher inter-firm dependence and operational performance. This research provides theoretical and practical implications that contribute to our understanding of the role of compromise in facilitating IOS integration. The implications should serve as an important basis for future research in examining IOS integration.
Decompositions of general quantum gates

Quantum algorithms may be described by sequences of unitary transformations called quantum gates and measurements applied to the quantum register of n quantum bits, qubits. A collection of quantum gates is called universal if it can be used to construct any n-qubit gate. In 1995, the universality of the set of one-qubit gates and controlled NOT gate was shown by Barenco et al. using QR decomposition of unitary matrices. Almost ten years later the decomposition was improved to include essentially fewer elementary gates. In addition, the cosine-sine matrix decomposition was applied to efficiently implement decompositions of general quantum gates. In this chapter, we review the different types of general gate decompositions and slightly improve the best known gate count for the controlled NOT gates to (23/48)4^n in the leading order. In physical realizations, the interaction strength between the qubits can decrease strongly as a function of their distance. Therefore, we also discuss decompositions with the restriction to nearest-neighbor interactions in a linear chain of qubits.
Asymptotically Stable Numerical Method for Multispecies Momentum Transfer: Gas and Multifluid Dust Test Suite and Implementation in FARGO3D

We present an asymptotically and unconditionally stable numerical method to account for the momentum transfer between multiple species. Momentum is conserved to machine precision. This implies that the asymptotic equilibrium corresponds to the velocity of the center of mass. Aimed at studying dust dynamics, we implement this numerical method in the publicly available code FARGO3D. To validate our implementation, we develop a test suite for an arbitrary number of species, based on analytical or exact solutions of problems related to perfect damping, damped sound waves, shocks, local and global gas–dust radial drift in a disk, and linear streaming instability. In particular, we obtain first-order steady-state solutions for the radial drift of multiple dust species in protoplanetary disks (PPDs), in which the pressure gradient is not necessarily small. We additionally present nonlinear shearing-box simulations of the streaming instability and compare them with previous results obtained with Lagrangian particles. We successfully validate our implementation by recovering the solutions from the test suite to second- and first-order accuracy in space and time, respectively. From this, we conclude that our scheme is suitable, and very robust, to study the self-consistent dynamics of several fluids. In particular, it can be used for solving the collisions between gas and dust in PPDs, with any degree of coupling.
Defect distributions in thin film solar cells deduced from admittance measurements under different bias voltages

The voltage dependence of the derivative of the capacitance to (the logarithm of) the measurement frequency is investigated. Relations describing this dependence are derived for the influence of carrier freeze out, of a defect distribution, and of a back contact barrier. The validity of these relations is investigated with numerical simulations.Considering the extraction of the defect density from capacitance–frequency measurements, the extension of existing formulas to different bias voltages leads to an improved accuracy and the possibility to investigate spatial non-uniformities while preserving a direct link between the defect level energy and the apparent defect density. This is illustrated with voltage dependent admittance measurements of thin film Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based solar cell devices.
Anomalous quasiparticle transport in the superconducting state of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>CeCoIn</mml:mi><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>

We report on a study of thermal Hall conductivity k_xy in the superconducting state of CeCoIn_5. The scaling relation and the density of states of the delocalized quasiparticles, both obtained from k_xy, are consistent with d-wave superconducting symmetry. The onset of superconductivity is accompanied by a steep increase in the thermal Hall angle, pointing to a striking enhancement in the quasiparticle mean free path. This enhancement is drastically suppressed in a very weak magnetic field. These results highlight that CeCoIn_5 is unique among superconductors. A small Fermi energy, a large superconducting gap, a short coherence length, and a long mean free path all indicate that CeCoIn_5 is clearly in the superclean regime (E_F/Delta<<l/xi), in which peculiar vortex state is expected.
On Departures from a Power Law in the Galaxy Correlation Function

We measure the projected correlation function wp from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey for a flux-limited sample of 118,000 galaxies and a volume-limited subset of 22,000 galaxies with absolute magnitude Mr < -21. Both correlation functions show subtle but systematic departures from the best-fit power law, in particular a change in slope at rp ~ 1-2 h-1 Mpc. These departures are stronger for the volume-limited sample, which is restricted to relatively luminous galaxies. We show that the inflection point in wp can be naturally explained by contemporary models of galaxy clustering, according to which it marks the transition from a large-scale regime dominated by galaxy pairs in separate dark matter halos to a small-scale regime dominated by galaxy pairs in the same dark matter halo. For example, given the dark halo population predicted by an inflationary cold dark matter scenario, the projected correlation function of the volume-limited sample can be well reproduced by a model in which the mean number of Mr < -21 galaxies in a halo of mass M > M1 = 4.74 × 1013 h-1 M☉ is M = 0.89, with 75% of the galaxies residing in less massive, single-galaxy halos and simple auxiliary assumptions about the spatial distribution of galaxies within halos and the fluctuations about the mean occupation. This physically motivated model has the same number of free parameters as a power law, and it fits the wp data better, with a χ2/dof = 0.93, compared to 6.12 (for 10 degrees of freedom, incorporating the covariance of the correlation function errors). Departures from a power-law correlation function encode information about the relation between galaxies and dark matter halos. Higher precision measurements of these departures for multiple classes of galaxies will constrain galaxy bias and provide new tests of the theory of galaxy formation.
Millimeter-wave ATR: a study on feature robustness

Three target types, namely T72, ZSU 23-4 and BMP-2 were measured in a tower/turntable configuration in several articulations each. A set of geometric, statistical, structural and polarimetric features is used to study the robustness of classification. Based on the Kolmogoroff-Smirnov distance between histograms a metric is defined that at the same time allows to quantify intra-class robustness and inter-class separability for an individual feature. For sets of several features, a simple classification approach in connection with a reference confusion matrix allows to assess the robustness of classification. It is demonstrated, that averaging the feature reference over all available target articulations improves the classification performance as compared to a reference that is based on one articulation only.
The Effect of Filaments and Tendrils on the H i Content of Galaxies

We use the ALFALFA H i survey to examine whether the cold gas reservoirs of galaxies are inhibited or enhanced in large-scale filaments. Our sample includes 9947 late-type galaxies with H i detections and 4236 late-type galaxies with well-determined H i detection limits that we incorporate using survival analysis statistics. We find that, even at fixed local density and stellar mass, and with group galaxies removed, the H i deficiency of galaxies in the stellar mass range 8.5 < log(M/M⊙) < 10.5 decreases with distance from the filament spine, suggesting that galaxies are cut off from their supply of cold gas in this environment. We also find that, at fixed local density and stellar mass, the galaxies that are the most gas-rich are those in small, correlated “tendril” structures within voids: although galaxies in tendrils are in significantly denser environments, on average, than galaxies in voids, they are not redder or more H i deficient. This stands in contrast to the fact that galaxies in tendrils are more massive than those in voids, suggesting a more advanced stage of evolution. Finally, at fixed stellar mass and color, galaxies closer to the filament spine, or in high-density environments, are more deficient in H i. This fits a picture where, as galaxies enter denser regions, they first lose H i gas and then redden as star formation is reduced.
Second-order structural phase transitions, free energy curvature, and temperature-dependent anharmonic phonons in the self-consistent harmonic approximation: Theory and stochastic implementation

The self-consistent harmonic approximation is an effective harmonic theory to calculate the free energy of systems with strongly anharmonic atomic vibrations, and its stochastic implementation has proved to be an efficient method to study, from first-principles, the anharmonic properties of solids. The free energy as a function of average atomic positions (centroids) can be used to study quantum or thermal lattice instability. In particular the centroids are order parameters in second-order structural phase transitions such as, e.g., charge-density-waves or ferroelectric instabilities. According to Landau's theory, the knowledge of the second derivative of the free energy (i.e., the curvature) with respect to the centroids in a high-symmetry configuration allows the identification of the phase-transition and of the instability modes. In this work we derive the exact analytic formula for the second derivative of the free energy in the self-consistent harmonic approximation for a generic atomic configuration. The analytic derivative is expressed in terms of the atomic displacements and forces in a form that can be evaluated by a stochastic technique using importance sampling. Our approach is particularly suitable for applications based on first-principles density-functional-theory calculations, where the forces on atoms can be obtained with a negligible computational effort compared to total energy determination. Finally, we propose a dynamical extension of the theory to calculate spectral properties of strongly anharmonic phonons, as probed by inelastic scattering processes. We illustrate our method with a numerical application on a toy model that mimics the ferroelectric transition in rock-salt crystals such as SnTe or GeTe.
Atomic Carbon in Galaxies

We present new measurements of the ground-state fine-structure line of atomic carbon at 492 GHz in a variety of nearby external galaxies, ranging from spiral to irregular, interacting, and merging types. In comparison with CO (1-0) emission observed at the same spatial resolution, the C I (1-0) line intensity stays fairly comparable in the different environments, with an average value of the ratio of the line-integrated areas in K km s-1 of C I (1-0)/CO (1-0) = 0.2 ± 0.2. However, some variations can be found within galaxies or between galaxies. Relative to CO lines (J = 2-1, 3-2, 4-3), C I (1-0) is weaker in galactic nuclei but stronger in disks, particularly outside star-forming regions. Also, in NGC 891, the C I (1-0) emission follows the dust continuum emission at 1.3 mm extremely well along the full length of the major axis where molecular gas is more abundant than atomic gas. Atomic carbon therefore appears to be a good tracer of molecular gas in external galaxies, possibly more reliable than CO. Atomic carbon can contribute significantly to the thermal budget of interstellar gas. The cooling due to C and CO are of the same order of magnitude for most galaxies. However, CO is generally a more important coolant in starburst galaxies. Cooling due to C and CO amounts typically to 2 × 10-5 of the far-IR (FIR) continuum, or 5% of the C II line. However, C and CO cooling reaches ~30% of the gas total in ultraluminous infrared galaxies such as Arp 220, where C II is abnormally faint. Together with C II/FIR, the emissivity ratio C I (1-0)/FIR can be used as a measure of the nonionizing UV radiation field in galaxies. The plots of C II/C I or C II/FIR versus C I/FIR show good correlations, in agreement with photodissociation region (PDR) models, except for two remarkable galaxies, Arp 220 and Mrk 231, where high opacities of the C II line and possibly the dust thermal emission may be factors reducing the C II strength below the predictions of the current PDR models.
Personality traits in adolescents with the Internet Gaming Disorder. Part II

Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to characterize types of gamers in terms of selected personality traits. Material and methods: The study involved 576 individuals aged 16 to 19 years. The participants were surveyed using Gough and Heilbrun’s ACL, the Coping with Stress Questionnaire, and the Psychological Inventory of the Aggression Syndrome. Results: The four types of online gamers identified in the first part of the study reported in this paper differed significantly in the following personality characteristics: self-image, coping styles and aggression types. Conclusions: 1. Individuals severely addicted to Internet gaming, significantly more often than those addicted moderately, mildly or not addicted at all, used escapist and emotional coping strategies and responded with auto-aggression, and physical and displaced aggression. Compared to the respondents not addicted to online gaming, they had a more negative self-esteem and were characterized by greater impulsivity, hostility, and were less responsible and autonomous. 2. Adolescents moderately addicted to gaming, compared to their non-addicted peers, were characterized by greater hostility, impulsivity, proneness to conflict, tendency to humiliate others, and verbal, physical and indirect aggression. 3. Young people with mild online gaming addiction, significantly more often than non-addicted adolescents, used psychoactive drugs, showed self-aggressive behavior and responded with displaced aggression in situations of stress.
Electron cloud studies for the LHC and future proton colliders

Keywords: Electron cloud ; LHC ; HL-LHC ; HE-LHC ; VHE-LHC ; Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) ; Scrubbing ; Electron cloud map formalism ; Luminosity performance ; Integrated luminosity These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 6017 (2014)Programme doctoral PhysiqueFaculte des sciences de baseInstitut de physique de l'energie et des particulesLaboratoire de physique des accelerateurs de particulesJury: Prof. N. Grandjean (president), Prof. L. Rivkin, Dr F. Zimmermann (directeurs), Dr. O. Bruning, Prof. K. Oide, Prof. T. Nakada (rapporteurs) Public defense: 2014-1-13 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-6017Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2013-12-31, modified on 2017-05-12
Effects of Gauss–Bonnet term on the final fate of gravitational collapse

We obtain a general spherically symmetric solution of a null dust fluid in n(⩾4) dimensions in Gauss–Bonnet gravity. This solution is a generalization of the n-dimensional Vaidya–(anti)de Sitter solution in general relativity. For n = 4, the Gauss–Bonnet term in the action does not contribute to the field equations, so that the solution coincides with the Vaidya–(anti)de Sitter solution. Using the solution for n ⩾ 5 with a specific form of the mass function, we present a model for a gravitational collapse in which a null dust fluid radially injects into an initially flat and empty region. It is found that a naked singularity is inevitably formed and its properties are quite different between n = 5 and n ⩾ 6. In the n ⩾ 6 case, a massless ingoing null naked singularity is formed, while in the n = 5 case, a massive timelike naked singularity is formed, which does not appear in the general relativistic case. The strength of the naked singularities is weaker than that in the general relativistic case. These naked singularities can be globally naked when the null dust fluid is turned off after a finite time and the field settles into the empty asymptotically flat spacetime.
Interpreting the Star Formation–Extinction Relation with MaNGA

We investigate the resolved relation between local extinction and star formation surface density within nearby star-forming galaxies selected from the MaNGA survey. Balmer decrement measurements imply an extinction of the Hα line emission that scales approximately linearly with the logarithm of the star formation surface density: . Secondary dependencies are observed such that, at a given ΣSFR, regions of lower metallicity and/or enhanced Hα equivalent width (EW) suffer less obscuration than regions of higher metallicity and/or lower Hα EW. Spaxels lying above the mean relation also tend to belong to galaxies that are more massive, larger, and viewed under higher inclination than average. We present a simple model in which the observed trends can be accounted for by a metallicity-dependent scaling between ΣSFR and Σdust via a superlinear Kennicutt–Schmidt relation (nKS ∼ 1.47) and a dust-to-gas ratio that scales linearly with metallicity (DGR(Z⊙) = 0.01). The relation between the resulting total dust column and observed effective extinction toward nebular regions requires a geometry for the relative distribution of Hα-emitting regions and dust that deviates from a uniform foreground screen and also from an entirely homogeneous mixture of dust and emitting sources. The best-fit model features an Hα EW and galactocentric-distance-dependent fraction of the dust mass in a clumpy foreground screen in front of a homogeneous mixture.
Tailoring the thermalization time of a cavity field using distinct atomic reservoirs

We study how the thermalization time of a single radiation cavity field mode changes drastically depending on the type of the atomic reservoir with which it interacts. The temporal evolution of the field is analyzed within the micromaser scheme, where each atomic reservoir is modeled as a beam of atoms crossing an electromagnetic cavity in which they weakly interact with the field. The cavity field thermalizes when we consider either multiatom or multilevel atom reservoirs. Under certain conditions, we find that each atomic reservoir generates a different scaling law in the thermalization time of the cavity field. Such scaling laws can be used for faster or slower heating and cooling processes. We obtain analytical expressions for the thermalization time that are verified by means of a numerical simulation of the injection of each atomic reservoir into the cavity. We also discuss how our results could boost the efficiency and power output of some quantum heat engines, during a finite-time operation, when the radiation field mode acts as the working substance.