Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age related seroepidemiological survey of measles, mumps, rubella, varicella zoster, herpes simplex type 1 and 2 viruses

Age stratified seroepidemiological studies play a crucial role in the design and assessment of vaccination strategies. An existing multiplex bead immunoassay for measles, mumps, rubella and varicella zoster virus antibodies together with a newly developed multiplex bead immunoassay for herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 antibodies were used to investigate the age-related seroepidemiology of these viruses in England during 2012.To develop the HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibody assay, attempts were made to produce full length of HSV-1 and HSV-2 glycoprotein G using a baculovirus vector expression system. While HSV-1 gG protein was produced, the proteins were extensively aggregated. Native glycoprotein G molecules undergo partial removal of HSV-1 signal sequence and HSV-1 short membrane anchor sequence during post translational modification. It is possible that such post translational modification is not performed when protein is processed in insect cell culture. Attempts to produce an HSV-2 glycoprotein G were not successful. It is possible that the high GC-content of HSV-2 glycoprotein G led to poor fidelity of copying the PCR amplification sequence. Commercially available truncated HSV-1 gG and HSV-2 gG were therefore used to develop a duplex microbead immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of specific HSV antibodies in human sera. The resultant assays performed with low sensitivity and specificity (HSV-1 of 89% and 66%, respectively and for HSV-2 of 79% and 85%, respectively) compared to the reference HerpeSelect ELISA.The MMRV multiplex bead immunoassay proved rapid, and required minimal sample volume to semi-quantify MMRV specific antibodies. The seroepidemiology of MMR results was compared with previous seroepidemiological studies performed in 1996 in England. The comparison showed an increase in the proportion of individuals who were positive for mumps and measles antibodies in the 2012 survey. The proportion of individuals positive for rubella was essentially unchanged. The increase in the proportion of individuals positive for mumps and measles antibodies in 2012 show the effectiveness of the change in MMR vaccination policy for England from 1996 onward. For VZV, the proportion of individuals who were positive for varicella antibodies between the 1996 and 2012 serological surveys were essentially unchanged. The comparison showed that most young children are susceptible to VZV. At this level of immunity, it can be expected that varicella will continue to produce epidemics of infection in the population, unless varicella vaccination is implemented as a part of routine childhood vaccination.
Glycemic Index and Load Responses of Indigenous Vegetable Sauces Among Healthy Young Female Adults

AbstractBackground: Diet-related chronic disease especially diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVDs), obesity, hypertension and cancers is a major public health problem in Nigeria. The use of locally made foods has been advocated for in the management of diabetes mellitus in recent times.Methods: The recipe for the test food was developed and standardized. Proximate and dietary fibre analysis was carried out on the test food (okra, African spinach and lettuce sauces) and reference food (white bread). Thirty-six non-diabetic undergraduate students of Imo State University, Nigeria were selected after diabetes screening using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin, anthropometric indices, blood pressure and other exclusion criteria. Subjects consumed a serving portion of vegetable sauce containing 25g of digestible carbohydrate. Postprandial plasma glucose was measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The glycemic index and load was calculated per serving. Results were expressed in means, standard deviation and percentages. ANOVA was used in comparing the means while turkey test was used in separating the means using Statistical product for service solution (SPSS) version 22.0. The decision criteria was set at p<0.05. Results: Moisture content ranged from 64.10±0.57% (okra sauce) to 64.62±0.66% (lettuce sauce) did not differ significantly (p<0.05). Fat, fibre, and ash content higher in lettuce sauce 3.40± 0.24%, 1.69±0.1%2, and 4.40±0.24% respectively, carbohydrate was higher in African spinach (15.07±0.77%) while dietary fibre (3.26±0.01%), protein (15.15±0.09%) and energy (136.62±2.24 kcal) was higher in okra sauce. Sauces were not significantly different. White bread shows that moisture content was 17.62, fat 1.53%, protein 14.86%, ash 6.90%, carbohydrate 58.88%, energy 308.66kcal and dietary fibre 0.33. The anthropometric indices show that BMI of the subjects ranged from 23.12kg/m2 in African spinach sauce subjectsto 23.53kg/m2 (okra sauce subjects). WHR was highest in lettuce sauce subjects (0.84). All the subjects that participated were all females. HbA1C was higher in okra sauce (5.23%) group subjects. Systolic blood pressure was 119.08mmHg (African Spinach sauce subjects) while diastolic blood pressure was highest in lettuce sauce subjects (85.68mmHg). Pulse rate (85.17) was highest in okra sauce subject. The IUAC for the white bread was significantly (p<0.05) higher in all the subjects compared to the vegetable sauces with a high glycemic index and load of 93.25 and 54.91 respectively. African spinach sauce had a lower postprandial plasma glucose peak of 88.00mg/dl at 60 minutes compared to okra and lettuce sauces. All the vegetable sauces had a low glycemic index of 17.02 (okra sauce), 14.05 (African spinach) and 36.76 (lettuce) and low glycemic load was 0.75, 0.38 and 3.80 for okra, African spinach and lettuce sauces respectively.Conclusion: All the vegetable sauces studied should be used while planning meal for the diabetic patients.Keywords: vegetable sauces, glycemic response, healthy adults
Response to the hunt for the perfect biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma—the RRAS “race” beyond Epstein-barr virus?

We sincerely appreciate Mark T. L. TAN and his co-workers for their comments “The Hunt for the Perfect Biomarker in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma—the RRAS “race” beyond Epstein-Barr virus? ” on our study titled “Identification of RRAS gene related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on pathway and network-based analyses”. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an endemic tumor closely associated with Epstein barr virus (EBV) (1).
P4984The functional and coronary anatomic correlates of coronary flow velocity reserve during stress echocardiography

The assessment of coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) on left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) expands the risk stratification potential of stress echocardiography (SE) based on regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA). To assess the feasibility and functional correlates of CFVR. In a prospective, observational, multicenter study, we initially screened 3,410 patients (2061, 60%, male; age 63±11 years; ejection fraction, EF=61±9%) with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or heart failure (HF). All patients underwent SE (exercise, n=1288; vasodilator, n=1860; dobutamine, n=262) based on RWMA in 20 accredited laboratories of 8 countries. CFVR was calculated as the stress/rest ratio of diastolic peak flow velocity pulsed-Doppler assessment of LAD flow. We also assessed B-lines (a sign of pulmonary congestion) with lung ultrasound and left ventricular contractile reserve (LVCR) based on Force (systolic blood pressure/end-systolic volume). The success rate for CFVR on LAD was 3,002/3,410 (feasibility=88%): 1,025/1,288 for exercise (80%), 1,766/1,860 (95%) for vasodilator (dipyridamole, n=1,841 and adenosine= 18) and 211/262 (81%) for dobutamine (p<0.001 vs vasodilator, p=NS vs exercise). Imaging time was <3 min and analysis time <1 min per patient. Reduced (≤2.0) CFVR was found in 896/3,002 (30%) patients. At multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (odds ratio, OR: 1.025, 95% Confidence intervals, CI: 1.015–1.036, p<0.001), diabetes (OR: 2.271, 95% CI: 1.218–4.235, p=0.10), RWMA (OR: 6.550, 95% CI: 4.989–8.599, p<0.01), abnormal LVCR (OR: 3.446, 95% CI: 2.774–4.281, p<0.01) and stress-rest B-lines change (OR: 1.519, 95% CI: 1.174–1.99, p=0.01) were associated with reduced CFVR. In the 1149 patients with coronary angiographic information, a reduced CFVR was present in 103/455 patients (23%) with no CAD, 119/432 (27%) with 1-, 72/167 (43%) with 2-, and 62/95 (65%) with 3-vessel disease (p<0.001 by ANOVA for trend). Figure 1 CFVR is feasible with all SE protocols. The reduced CFVR is often accompanied by RWMA, abnormal LVCR and pulmonary congestion during stress.
Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Associated Risk Factors Among Adama Hospital Medical College Staff, Ethiopia

Back ground: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common work–related health problems among hospital workers. Work–related activities such as twisting, bending, sustained posture, repeated movements are regarded as associated risk factors for low back pain. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of Low Back Pain among hospital workers. Methodology: An institution based cross sectional survey design was conducted among employees in Adama Hospital Medical College (AHMC), Adama Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multiple regression analyses were performed. p<0.1 in univariate is considered for multivariate analysis and p<0.05 was used to define statistical significance. Result: Of 263, 137(52.1%) were males and 126(47.9%) were females. The result indicated that the mean and median age of the respondents were 33.5 and 33 years respectively. The life time prevalence of LBP was found to be 50.6% and the 12 month LBP prevalence was 41.4%. Staff not participating in any physical activity (exercise) were more likely to report presence of low back pain (AOR (Adjusted Odd Ratio)=1.75, CI, 1.02-3.02). On the other hand, staff who worked sitting more than 6 hours were associated with increased risk of low back pain(AOR=2.78, CI, 1.09-7.07). Perceived stress often increased risk of low back pain (AOR=2.60, CI, 1.06-6.36). Conclusion: LBP was significantly associated with the obesity, stressed often, those worked in seated position more than six hours and those with long year experience; but doing physical exercise has rather a preventive effect. The findings of this study suggest that primary prevention of LBP should be considered.
Diet Quality in Overweight/Obese Women: Higher Protein Intake During Weight Loss (P08-014-19)

Accumulating evidence suggests that assessing diet quality rather than nutrients in isolation provides a more accurate representation of the interactions between foods and diseases. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a validated scoring system of diet quality focused on sufficiency of nutritional intake regarding the Dietary Guidelines for Americans wherein lower scores are associated with increased risk of several chronic diseases. The objective of the dietary intervention was to increase protein intake during weight loss in overweight/obese women, and examine dietary quality, as measured by the HEI. Women (body mass index, BMI, 25–40 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either high or normal protein groups during a one-year weight loss trial. Food diaries were collected at baseline and multiple times during the intervention. In this secondary outcome, HEI scores were assessed by entering food diary information into the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool that configures data into 13 food components and calculates HEI in SAS v. 9.4. Forty-one women (58 ± 4.6 years of age with BMI, 32 ±4.5 kg/m2) had a baseline energy intake of 1831 ± 642 kilocalories; 47% of the energy consumed was from carbohydrates, 17% was from protein, and 36% was from fat. Also, HEI was 58.4 ± 15.3. Using standard HEI categories, 29% were in the poor diet quality range (<51), 64% had fair diet quality (51–80), and 7% were in the good diet quality category (>80). Approximately 14% of American adults have poor diet quality (HEI < 51) (cnpp.usda.gov) compared to a larger percentage of women in this study who were consuming a poor diet. Ongoing analysis will determine if HEI changes over time due to weight loss with higher protein intake. International Life Sciences Institute and NIH-AG-12161 to S.A. S.
Socio-demographic profile of tubectomy acceptors -- an Army experience.

In India the national family planning program was launched in 1952 and sterilization was officially introduced in 1956. During 1985-86 almost 4.9 million sterilization operations were performed nationwide and a target of 31 million sterilizations were projected for the period 1985- 90. Data were collected on 1123 tubectomy cases performed during 1987 at 7 family planning centers. 65% of the respondents were aged 20-29 years less than 1% were under 20. The mean age of tubectomy acceptors was 29.1 years below the mean age of sterilization (31.8 in 1986). 85.7% of the acceptors were Hindu 9.3% were Sikhs 3.1% were Muslims and 1.9% were Christians. 46.7% had primary school education 39.2% were educated beyond this level and 14.1% of the respondents were illiterate. The national figures showed that 49.5% of the acceptors were illiterate 33.4% had primary school education and 10% had middle school education. Among the acceptors in the army the average duration of schooling was 6.3 years. The literacy rate of the husbands of the acceptors was 87.5% formal education made up an average of 7-8 school years; while nationally 40% of the acceptors husbands were illiterate and 37% and 12.5% had primary and middle school education respectively. 80.2% of the acceptors were not wives of officers. There were 31 (2.8%) cases of tubectomy among civilian defense employees. 51.6% of the acceptors had 3 living children 31.4% had 2 living children and 17% had 4 or more children. The average number of children was 2.9. 58.4% had not used any contraceptive method previously. The IUD was the most popular method (15.7%) followed by Nirodh (11.9%) the oral pill (8.3%) and conventional methods (5.6%). The highest number of acceptors were Hindus in the 20-29 age group. 85.9% were literate and about 60% had not used any contraceptive method before. A periodic evaluation of the program is appropriate in order to motivate couples to have small families and space births with non-terminal contraceptives.
Knowledge of Tuberculosis: A Survey Among Tuberculosis Patients at Tertiary Health Care Center in Pune City.

It is crucial that basic knowledge about the tuberculosis and availability of treatment should be known to members of community to prevent any undue delay in availing the service. The present study attempted to understand the knowledge of tuberculosis and its treatment among tuberculosis patients at tertiary health care center in Pune City. A cross sectional study was conducted at outer patient pulmonary clinic of one of the randomly selected tertiary health care hospitals of Pune City. A total of 300 tuberculosis patients were interviewed. A pretested questionnaire form was completed by face to face interview. The data was entered in Microsoft office excel sheet and analyzed. The study revealed inadequacies in the knowledge of tuberculosis amongst patients particularly about side effects of drugs (χ2 = 58.9, df = 1, p < 0.001). The combined use of methodologies should be encouraged to deliver health education about various aspects of tuberculosis
Oral health status, oral health-related quality of life and associated factors among Nepalese schoolchildren

This national cross-sectional study aimed to measure the oral health status, and oral health relatedquality of life (OHRQoL) among Nepalese schoolchildren. Another aim was to investigate the association of dental caries and its consequences with OHRQoL, sociodemographic factors, oral health-related behaviours, anthropometrics, and school attendance and performance. The study was conducted in 18 out of total 75 randomly selected districts of Nepal representing 5 developmental, and concurrently 3 simultaneously ecological regions. Altogether 1137 of the invited 1157 schoolchildren from 27 conveniently selected schools participated both in the survey and clinical examination. Information on sociodemographic factors and oral health-related behaviours was collected using a structured questionnaire. Validated Nepali Child-OIDP was used for assessing children’s OHRQoL. Clinical oral examinations were conducted as per the WHO guidelines and assessed dental caries, its consequences (pufa/PUFA) and periodontal status. BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were computed from anthropometric measurements. School-related information included data on school absenteeism was collected from school registry and school performance (percentage of the sum of scores in three core subjects). Gingival bleeding was highly prevalent among all participants. The youngest ones had most often need for dental caries treatment; 79% vs. 64% among the oldest ones. Dental caries and its consequences were most prevalent among those living in the Kathmandu Valley or in the rural areas or in mountain or hilly ecological regions, as well as those consuming sweets or candy, or tea with sugar, and brushing teeth infrequently. Most of the participants had problem with eating, cleaning the mouth, and sleeping. Dental caries and its consequences were associated with poor OHRQoL. They were also associated with both high and low BMI and central obesity (high waistto-hip and waist-to-height ratios) as well as high school absenteeism (>13% of total schooldays missed) and poor school performance. Both low and high BMI, and poor OHRQoL, as well as high school absenteeism were all inversely associated with school performance. In conclusion, dental caries and gingival bleeding are common among Nepalese schoolchildren. Dental caries and its consequences are associated with poor OHRQoL. These conditions are also associated with sociodemographic factors, poor oral health-related behaviours, and anthropometrics (BMI and central obesity) as well as high school absenteeism and poor school performance.
Helicobacter Infection in Humans and Animals

Helicobacter are gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacteria. Infection is thought to occur via ingestion. The role of Helicobacter in the pathogenesis of canine and feline gastroin- testinal disease is unknown. Many animals harboring the bacteria do not show signs. Diagnos- tic testing for Helicobacter can be conducted with invasive (gastric biopsy) and noninvasive methods. Many treatment protocols exist, and antibacterial drug resistance is an emerging problem in human medicine. This article provides a comparative review of Helicobacter patho- genesis, diagnostic testing, and treatment between human and veterinary medicine.
Pathology Of “Post-Upper Blepharoplasty Syndrome”: Implications For Upper Eyelid Reconstruction

Background The anatomical basis for eyelid changes after upper blepharoplasty is largely uninvestigated. The post upper blepharoplasty syndrome (PUBS) is here defined as upper eyelid ptosis, hollow sulcus, high or absent upper eyelid crease, eyelash ptosis, loose eyelid platform skin, and compensatory brow elevation. Objective The anatomical basis for the post-upper blepharoplasty syndrome was investigated. Methods A retrospective, case-controlled, consecutive series of patients was explored for blepharoptosis after cosmetic blepharoplasty (cases) or ptosis surgery (controls). The upper eyelid crease was lowered, blepharoptosis was corrected by anterior levator aponeurosis resection ptosis surgery, eyelash ptosis was corrected with anchor blepharoplasty, and upper eyelid fold volume was restored using anterior orbital fat. Morphologic and anatomical findings were compared between case and control eyelids. Results Data were available for 42 patients (81 eyelids). Case and control eyelids presented with a clinically similar appearance but internally had a marked difference in their anatomical findings. Eyelids with post-upper blepharoplasty syndrome (n= 24 patients, 48 eyelids) were internally found to have a white-line disinsertion of the levator aponeurosis. The disinserted, central levator aponeurosis was bound into the septal scar created by removal of anterior orbital fat at blepharoplasty. Among the 18 controls (33 eyelids), levator disinsertion was not identified. Conclusion Hollowness and ptosis in post-upper blepharoplasty syndrome eyelids are related to a white-line disinsertion of the levator aponeurosis and matting of anterior orbital fat in the internal septal scar created during fat removal with blepharoplasty. Knowing where to look for the disinserted central levator is critical to surgically repairing these post-blepharoplasty eyelids.
Cerebral blood flow in man : regulation by arterial blood gases

ii Preface . iii List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xii List of Symbols and Abbreviations . xiv Acknowledgements . xvi Dedication . xvii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Objective . 3 1.3 Specific Aims and hypotheses . 3 1.3. 1 Study 1 (Chapter 4) . 3 1.3. 2 Study 2 (Chapter 5) . 3 1.3. 3 Study 3 (Chapter 6) . 4 1.3. 4 Study 4 (Chapter 7) . 4 1.4 Presentation . 4 Chapter 2: Literature review . 6 2.1 Metabolic regulation of cerebral blood flow . 9 2.1.1 Regulation by arterial blood gases . 9 2.1.2 Locations of CO2 and O2 sensitivity . 11 2.1.2.1 Mechanisms of cerebrovascular sensitivity to arterial blood gases . 12 2.1.3 Neurovascular Coupling . 16 2.2 Cerebral autoregulation . 16 2.2.1 Mechanisms of Cerebral Autoregulation . 20 2.2.1.1 Large conduit arteries and cerebral autoregulation . 21 2.2.1.2 Interaction between arterial blood gases and cerebral autoregulation . 22 2.3 Autonomic regulation of cerebral blood flow . 25 2.3. 1 Sympathetic nervous system and CBF . 25 2.3. 2 Sympathetic nervous system and CA . 27
The safety and efficacy of percutaneous sacroiliac joint screw fixation

PURPOSE OF STUDY: Percutaneous screw fixation of sacroiliac joint dislocations, fracture-dislocations and sacral fractures is a well-recognised technique first described by Routt and has increasingly gained popularity in recent times. This method is biomechanically comparable to open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws but offers the advantages of minimally invasive surgical techniques. It is however a technically demanding procedure with reported complications including hardware failure, misplacement of screws, nerve injury and poor posterior reduction. The purpose of the study is to report clinical and radiological results of patients treated with closed reduction and percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation for unstable pelvic ring fractures. METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical notes and radiological studies was performed on all patients who had percutaneous sacroiliac fixation between 2009 and 2012. Forty-five percutaneous sacroiliac screws were inserted in 41 patients with a mean age of 25.6 years (range 17-62). Fracture types included 15 AO type B, and 26 AO type C. RESULTS: All patients had a satisfactory initial reduction. One patient (2.4%) had screw misplacement with resultant temporary neurological fallout. One patient (2.4%) had screw misplacement without neurological fallout. Both these patients initially had two screws inserted and the misplaced screws were removed and not resited. One patient (2.4%) had screw cut-out with loss of reduction. This screw was removed, open reduction performed, and the screw was reinserted. CONCLUSION: The use of percutaneous sacroiliac screws provides a safe and effective technique for the management of unstable posterior pelvic ring injuries. Our combined complication rate compares favourably with published literature.