Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF STUDENT'S ABILITY TO SOLVE MATHEMATICAL LITERACY PROBLEMS IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN THE CITY AREA

Mathematical literacy problems require counting and solving mathematical problems in daily life. This study aims to analyze the ability of junior high school students to solve mathematical literacy problems. This qualitative research uses a case study approach with the subject of 15 junior high school students in the city area. The instrument in this study is six mathematical literacy questions oriented to PISA test questions and interview guidelines. The data analysis technique in this study is thematic analysis. This study's results show three groups of students' abilities in solving mathematical literacy problems based on their initial abilities: Time Stone, Power Stone, and Mind Stone
ULTRAVIOLET PHOTON-INDUCED SYNTHESIS AND TRAPPING OF H2O2 AND O3 IN POROUS WATER ICE FILMS IN THE PRESENCE OF AMBIENT O2: IMPLICATIONS FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL ICE

The mass uptake of ambient oxygen in nanoporous ice is enhanced by irradiation with 193 nm photons, due to conversion of O2 into H2O2 and O3, with an efficiency that increases with decreasing temperature. These findings show a new way to form H2O2 and O3 on icy surfaces in the outer solar system at depths much larger than are accessible by typical ionizing radiation, with possible astrobiological implications.
Three low-redshift quasars with absorption systems: IUE and optical observations

On a decouvert pour la premiere fois des systemes d'absorption etroite avec un decalage spectral egal au decalage de l'emission (Δv<500 kms −1 ) dans les quasars PKS 1912-54 (z em =0,401) et PKS 2135-14 (z em =0,200). On confirme aussi l'existence d'un systeme d'absorption etroite (z af <<z em ) dans le spectre de PKS 2128-12 (z em =0,4996). Les 3 objets ont ete observes dans l'UV lointain et dans l'optique
Using Multimodal Contrastive Knowledge Distillation for Video-Text Retrieval

Cross-modal retrieval aims to enable a flexible bi-directional retrieval experience across different modalities (e.g., searching for videos with texts). Many existing efforts tend to learn a common semantic representation embedding space in which items of different modalities can be directly compared, wherein the positive global representations of video-text pairs are pulled close while the negative ones are pushed apart via pair-wise ranking loss. However, such a vanilla loss would unfortunately yield ambiguous feature embeddings for texts of different videos, causing inaccurate cross-modal matching and unreliable retrievals. Toward this end, we propose a multimodal contrastive knowledge distillation method for instance video-text retrieval, called MCKD, by adaptively using the general knowledge of self-supervised model (teacher) to calibrate mixed boundaries. Specifically, the teacher model is tailored for robust (less-ambiguous) visual-text joint semantic space by maximizing mutual information of co-occurred modalities during multimodal contrastive learning. This robust and structural inter-instance knowledge is then distilled, with the help of explicit discrimination loss, to a student model for improved matching performance. Extensive experiments on four public benchmark video-text datasets (MSR-VTT, TGIF, VATEX, and Youtube2Text) demonstrate that our MCKD can achieve at most 8.8%, 6.4%, 5.9%, and 5.3% improvement in text-to-video performance by the $\text{R}\text{@}1$ metric, compared with 14 SoTA baselines.
Evolutionary optimization as applied to inverse scattering problems

This review is aimed at presenting an overview of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) as applied to the solution of inverse scattering problems. The focus of this work is on the use of different population-based optimization algorithms for the reconstruction of unknown objects embedded in an inaccessible region when illuminated by a set of microwaves. Starting from a general description of the structure of EAs, the classical stochastic operators responsible for the evolution process are described. The extension to hybrid implementations when integrated with local search techniques and the exploitation of the ‘domain knowledge’, either a priori obtained or collected during the optimization process, are also presented. Some theoretical discussions concerned with the convergence issues and a sensitivity analysis on the parameters influencing the stochastic process are reported as well. Successively, a review on how various researchers have applied or customized different evolutionary approaches to inverse scattering problems is carried out ranging from the shape reconstruction of perfectly conducting objects to the detection of the dielectric properties of unknown scatterers up to applications to sub-surface or biomedical imaging. Finally, open problems and envisaged developments are discussed.
Turbulence model comparison for a surface vortex simulation

A pump intake can have an important impact on a pump operation due to production of strong unsteady vortices which may cause air intake problems. Constructing a pump sump model and experimental testing is expensive, therefore numerical simulations are expected to help or even replace the experimental testing in the future. In order to understand and eventually be able to predict such surface vortices numerically, a vortex in a small chamber was simulated. A benefit of such isolated vortex test case is small number of elements in computational mesh, compared to the whole pump intake, and a controlled testing environment. For a small chamber vortex simulation, various turbulence model simulations as well as laminar and Euler simulations were evaluated. The results indicate that the SAS-CC turbulence model might be a good choice for a simulation of a pump intake. Time step increase had a moderate influence on SAS-CC results.
The Interactive Effect of Stressor Appraisals and Personal Traits on Employees’ Procrastination Behavior: The Conservation of Resources Perspective

Purpose Procrastination has become a pervasive phenomenon in the workplace, yet knowledge of its antecedents remains limited. Therefore, this study explains when and why employees procrastinate. As procrastination is an individual intentional behavior to escape potential resource loss by taking actions to relax; this study regards procrastination as resource-protection behavior. Building on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, the purpose of the current study is to explore the direct impact of external situational factors (ie, stressor appraisals) and individual traits (ie, personality) and their interactive effect on workplace procrastination behavior. Participants and Methods The study adopts a quantitative approach and uses two-wave data. Data was collected through the randomized cluster sampling technique and a structured questionnaire survey. The sample consisted of civil servants in an organization located in the Shandong province of China. Received 347 valid questionnaires representing an overall response rate of 87%. The theoretical model was tested through confirmatory factor analysis and regression analyses using Mplus 7.2. Results The results show that hindrance stressor appraisal is positively related to procrastination, whereas challenge stressor appraisal is negatively related to procrastination. Neuroticism had a positive relationship with procrastination, while conscientiousness had a negative relationship with procrastination. Conscientiousness moderates the relationship between challenge stressor appraisal and procrastination such that the relationship is salient under high conscientiousness. Conclusion Overall, our study suggests that procrastination is affected by personal traits and workplace stressor appraisals. This study makes potential contributions to employees’ procrastination literature by and its understanding within the job procrastination knowledge base. Also, this study confirms the comprehensive reach and applicability of the COR theory developed by scholars such as Hobfoll (1989). In practically, the research benefits organizations by providing suggestions for managing employees’ procrastination behavior.
Exploring the Role of Miniemulsion Nanodroplet Confinement on the Crystallization of MoO3: Morphology Control and Insight on Crystal Formation by In Situ Time-Resolved SAXS/WAXS

Enclosed nanoscale volumes, i.e., confined spaces, represent a fascinating playground for the controlled synthesis of inorganic materials, albeit their role in determining the synthetic outcome is currently not fully understood. Herein, we address the synthesis of MoO3 nano- and microrods with hexagonal section in inverse miniemulsion droplets and batch conditions, evaluating the effects of spatial confinement offered by miniemulsion droplets on their crystallization. Several synthetic parameters were systematically screened and their effect on the crystal structure of h-MoO3, as well as on its size, size distribution and morphology, were investigated. Moreover, a direct insight on the crystallization pathway of MoO3 in both synthetic conditions and as a function of synthetic parameters was provided by an in situ time-resolved SAXS/WAXS study, that confirmed the role of miniemulsion confined space in altering the stepwise process of the formation of h-MoO3.
A case devoid of bias: Optical Redshift Survey voids versus IRAS voids

We present a comparison between the voids in two nearly all-sky redshift surveys: the Optical Redshift Survey (ORS) and the IRAS 1.2-Jy survey. While the galaxies in these surveys are selected differently and their populations are known to be biased relative to each other, the two void distributions are similar. We compare the spatial distribution of the two void populations and demonstrate the correlation between them. The voids also agree with regard to the overall void statistics – a filling factor of ≈0.45 of the volume, an average void diameter and an average galaxy underdensity in the voids Our measurements of the underdensities of the voids in the two surveys enable us to estimate the relative bias in the voids between optical and IRAS samples. We find (boptbIRAS)void≈1, showing that on average there is little – or no – biasing between the two void populations.
Discovery of BAR502, as potent steroidal antagonist of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor for the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Introduction The leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is a cytokine belonging to IL-6 family, whose overexpression correlate with poor prognosis in cancer patients, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). LIF signaling is mediate by its binding to the heterodimeric LIF receptor (LIFR) complex formed by the LIFR receptor and Gp130, leading to JAK1/STAT3 activation. Bile acids are steroid that modulates the expression/activity of membrane and nuclear receptors, including the Farnesoid-X-Receptor (FXR) and G Protein Bile Acid Activated Receptor (GPBAR1). Methods Herein we have investigated whether ligands to FXR and GPBAR1 modulate LIF/LIFR pathway in PDAC cells and whether these receptors are expressed in human neoplastic tissues. Results The transcriptome analysis of a cohort of PDCA patients revealed that expression of LIF and LIFR is increased in the neoplastic tissue in comparison to paired non-neoplastic tissues. By in vitro assay we found that both primary and secondary bile acids exert a weak antagonistic effect on LIF/LIFR signaling. In contrast, BAR502 a non-bile acid steroidal dual FXR and GPBAR1 ligand, potently inhibits binding of LIF to LIFR with an IC50 of 3.8 µM. Discussion BAR502 reverses the pattern LIF-induced in a FXR and GPBAR1 independent manner, suggesting a potential role for BAR502 in the treatment of LIFR overexpressing-PDAC.
Transcriptomic Differentiation of Phenotypes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Implications for Understanding the Underlying Mechanisms

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifaceted disease with variable clinical courses and outcomes. We aimed to determine CRS-associated nasal-tissue transcriptome in clinically well-characterized and phenotyped individuals, to gain a novel insight into the biological pathways of the disease. RNA-sequencing of tissue samples of patients with CRS with polyps (CRSwNP), without polyps (CRSsNP), and controls were performed. Characterization of differently expressed genes (DEGs) and functional and pathway analysis was undertaken. We identified 782 common CRS-associated nasal-tissue DEGs, while 375 and 328 DEGs were CRSwNP- and CRSsNP-specific, respectively. Common key DEGs were found to be involved in dendritic cell maturation, the neuroinflammation pathway, and the inhibition of the matrix metalloproteinases. Distinct CRSwNP-specific DEGs were involved in NF-kβ canonical pathways, Toll-like receptor signaling, HIF1α regulation, and the Th2 pathway. CRSsNP involved the NFAT pathway and changes in the calcium pathway. Our findings offer new insights into the common and distinct molecular mechanisms underlying CRSwNP and CRSsNP, providing further understanding of the complex pathophysiology of the CRS, with future research directions for novel treatment strategies.
How Well Do Semen Analysis Parameters Correlate with Sperm DNA Fragmentation? A Retrospective Study from 2567 Semen Samples Analyzed by the Halosperm Test

Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) levels have been measured in the workup for in vitro fertilization (IVF) at PIVET since 2007, with the Halosperm test having replaced the previous sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) since 2013. Of 2624 semen samples analyzed for the Halosperm test, 57 were excluded as the sperm concentration was <5 million/mL, a level too low for accurate testing, leaving 2567 samples for assessment within this study. The SDF rates were categorized in 5 sperm DNA fragmentation indices (DFI), ranging from <5% to levels >30%, and these categories were correlated with the respective semen analysis profiles and two clinical parameters, namely the age of the male and the ejaculatory abstinence period prior to the sample. The results showed a significant correlation with male age (r = 0.088; p < 0.0001), the abstinence period (r = 0.076; p = 0.0001), and the semen volume (r 0.063; p = 0.001), meaning an adversely high SDF was associated with advanced age, prolonged abstinence, and raised semen volume parameters. There was a significant negative correlation with sperm morphology (r = −0.074; p = 0.0001), progressive motility (r = −0.257; p < 0.0001), and semen pH (r = −0.066; p < 0.001), meaning these semen anomalies were associated with high SDF values. With respect to abnormal morphology, sperm tail defects had a positive correlation (r = 0.096; p < 0.0001) while midpiece defects showed a negative correlation (r = −0.057; p = 0.004), meaning that tail defects are most likely to associate with adverse DFI values. With respect to motility patterns, the poorer patterns showed a positive correlation with increased DFI, namely C pattern (r = 0.055; p = 0.005) and D pattern (r = 0.253; p < 0.0001). These results imply that raised DFI reflects poor sperm quality and should be investigated in clinical trials involving IVF and the consideration of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
Differing hypertrophy patterns from open and closed kinetic chain training affect quadriceps femoris center of mass and moment of inertia

Purpose: To determine whether kinetic chain pattern during knee extensor strength training influences quadriceps femoris center of mass and moment of inertia about the hip in a predictable manner as such changes can affect running economy. Methods: Twelve participants completed 8 weeks of both unilateral open (OKC) and closed (CKC) kinetic chain resistance training on opposing legs. Changes in quadriceps femoris muscle volume (VOLQF), center of mass location (CoMQF), and moment of inertia (I QF) about the hip were determined from magnetic resonance images scans. Regional hemodynamics of the vastus lateralis taken at 30% and 70% of muscle length during OKC and CKC bouts early in the training program were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and used post hoc to predict changes in CoMQF. Results: While increases in VOLQF were similar between OKC (Δ79.5 ± 87.9 cm3) and CKC (Δ60.2 ± 110.5 cm3, p = 0.29), the patterns of hypertrophy differed; a distal shift in CoMQF (Δ2.4 ± 0.4 cm, p < 0.001) and increase in I QF (Δ0.017 ± 0.014 kg m2, p < 0.001) occurred in OKC but not in CKC (CoMQF: Δ-2.2 ± 2.0 cm, I QF: Δ-0.022 ± 0.020 kg m2, p > 0.05). Regional hemodynamics assessed by NIRS during a single training session displayed similar exercise and regional differences and predicted 39.6% of observed changes in CoMQF. Conclusions: Exercise selection influences muscle shape sufficiently to affect CoMQF and I QF, and these changes may be predicted in part from NIRS measurements during a single workout. Given I QF is inversely related to running economy and since CKC exercise provides a more proximal pattern of hypertrophy than OKC, it may be more preferential for running. The results from the present study also highlight the potential of NIRS as a tool for predicting patterns of hypertrophy between different exercises and exercise conditions.
Prediction of in-hospital adverse clinical outcomes in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism, machine learning based models

Background Pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is the third leading cause of cardiovascular events. The conventional modeling methods and severity risk scores lack multiple laboratories, paraclinical and imaging data. Data science and machine learning (ML) based prediction models may help better predict outcomes. Materials and methods In this retrospective registry-based design, all consecutive hospitalized patients diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism (based on pulmonary CT angiography) from 2011 to 2019 were recruited. ML based algorithms [Gradient Boosting (GB) and Deep Learning (DL)] were applied and compared with logistic regression (LR) to predict hemodynamic instability and/or all-cause mortality. Results A total number of 1,017 patients were finally enrolled in the study, including 465 women and 552 men. Overall incidence of study main endpoint was 9.6%, (7.2% in men and 12.4% in women; p-value = 0.05). The overall performance of the GB model is better than the other two models (AUC: 0.94 for GB vs. 0.88 and 0.90 for DL and LR models respectively). Based on GB model, lower O2 saturation and right ventricle dilation and dysfunction were among the strongest adverse event predictors. Conclusion ML-based models have notable prediction ability in PE patients. These algorithms may help physicians to detect high-risk patients earlier and take appropriate preventive measures.
On the metallicity of NGC 752

High-dispersion echelle spectra were obtained by Hobbs & Pilachowski (1986, ApJ, 309) for eight narrow-lined stars hotter than T e = 5400 K which are located along the main sequence of NGC 752, an open cluster which is about 2 Gyr old. From the model atmospheres of Kurucz, an average cluster iron abundance of [Fe/H] = -0.09 ± 0.05 is derived from the equivalent widths of up to four weak Fe II lines in each of the eight cluster spectra and in the solar spectrum. With this known iron abundance, the equivalent widths of up to six Fe I lines in these same cluster spectra then determine the effective temparatures of the eight stars
On the spin-up by a rotating disk in a rotating stratified fluid

We investigate the response of a rotating stratified fluid to the local spin-up by a small rotating disk of radius $R$, with Rossby number $\hbox{\it Ro}\,{=}\,\omega_d/2\Omega$ around unity where $\omega_d$ is the rotating-disk vorticity and $\Omega$ the background rotation frequency. During an initial stage $\tau_{su}\,{=}\,O({E_k}^{-1/2} N^{-1})$ with Ekman number, $E_k\,{=}\,\nu/\Omega R^2$ ($\nu$ the kinematic viscosity and $N$ the buoyancy frequency), fluid ejected by the Ekman boundary layer mixes with ambient fluid, and forms an intermediate-density intrusion the radial spreading of which is arrested by background rotation. This flow resembles a concentric source–sink configuration with the sink represented by the Ekman layer above the disk and the source by the ejected fluid, which, by conservation of potential vorticity, leads to the formation of a cyclonic vortex embedded in an anti-cyclonic ring. In the next stage, the radial and axial diffusion of momentum dominate the flow evolution, and the flow is characterized by a balance between viscous dissipation of momentum and the amount of momentum applied by the rotating disk. Vorticity diffusion dominates the flow and smooths out the flow history when $E_k^{-1/2}(f/N)\,{<}\,3$, whereas the initial stage can be recognized as a separate flow stage when $E_k^{-1/2}(f/N)\,{>}\,3$. The stability of the density front is discussed.
Highly efficient laser action in femtosecond-written Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet ceramic waveguides

We report continuous wave 1. 06μm laser operation in an optical waveguide fabricated in a Nd:YAG ceramic by femtosecond laser writing. Single mode and stable laser oscillation have been achieved by using the natural Fresnel reflection for optical feedback. Output laser power in excess of 80mW and a laser slope efficiency of 60% have been demonstrated.
Diffraction by a Screen Causing Large Random Phase Fluctuations

ABSTRACT The propagation of a scalar wave is studied, after it has suffered changes of phase in its passage through an irregular refracting medium, such as the ionosphere. The rms phase fluctuations may be large; i.e. greater than one radian. The paper is in three parts. In the first, the receiver is at a great distance from the screen (Fraunhofer diffraction), and a formula is found for all even order moments of the amplitude, and for the correlation function of the even powers of the amplitude. The probability distribution of the amplitude is proved to be a Rice distribution. The multiple integrals expressing the moments of the amplitude reduce to sums of correlations of the original phase fluctuations amongst points over the screen, which are evaluated using combinatorial arguments. In the second part the variance of the square of the amplitude is calculated numerically for points near the screen (Fresnel diffraction). When the rms phase fluctuation is greater than one the variance is maximum near the point where the irregularities in the screen would bring the rays to a focus. In the third part radio star scintillation and scatter propagation are discussed in the light of the theory.
Dynamic Model of Segara Anakan Mangrove Crab’s Habitat Management, Indonesia

The mangrove area in Segara Anakan lagoon (Cilacap, Central Java) is a good habitat for mangrove crabs and other mangrove biota life and growth. However, in recent years, the condition of the mangroves in the area has been degraded due to land conversion. This condition also occurs in the production of mangrove crabs in the Cilacap Regency which has decreased (2012-2017 production data). Good management efforts of the mangrove forests will also have a good impact on the growth and production of these biota in nature. This study aims to create a dynamic model of mangrove crab habitat management at Segara Anakan Lagoon in order to increase the optimization of mangrove crab production in that regency. The study method used was a dynamic systems approach that considers the relationship between crab production and the conversion of mangrove land. The results of the study showed a model of the relationship between mangrove crab production and changes in mangrove area in the Segara Anakan area with the equation: Y = 14951X − 88357 (R2 = 0.5382), with structural validation as follows: land conversion increases (rice field area) (+) and then increase the income from rice fields (+). Meanwhile, land conversion reduces mangrove area (-), reduces crab habitat function (-), reduces crab catch (-), further reduces mud crab production, and finally reduces income from mud crab production (-). The validation of the model output is the average mean error (AME) of crabs at 4.93%, while the AME of mangroves is 7.38%. This model can be concluded as a valid (acceptable) model and can be continued to the simulation stage.