Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Characteristics and Factors That Affect Utilization of Antenatal Care Services among Pregnant Women During Last Pregnancy in Quetta, Pakistan

Antenatal care (ANC) has been proved to be an important intervention for mothers and unborn child for better outcome of pregnancy. In Quetta the utilization of ANC is low keeping this in mind a study has been conducted to find factors associated with ANC utilization in Quetta City. Three hundred pregnant women aged 18 and above attending ANC services were randomly selected from out patient department of 6 hospitals. They were two government hospital, two private hospital and two not for profit hospital. The study design was a cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire regarding ANC was used to collect the data. The results of the study revealed that only 62.7% of pregnant women attended ANC once during last pregnancy%. There were many factors associated with ANC utilization. Education of women (p=0.001), and visit by a community health worker (p< 0.001) was positively associated with ANC utilization. Knowledge of women regarding ANC and Here we see an opportunity to conduct an intervention to increase ANC utilization by increasing knowledge and changing attitude of ANC through community participation.
The study of demographic profile of patients of senile mature cataract attending the eye OPD of GMC Jammu, India

Background: Age related cataract also called as senile cataract is the commonest type of acquired cataract affecting people over the age of 50 years. In developing countries like India, many times patients with cataract report to the hospitals very late, when it has become mature. Keeping this in mind this study was undertaken to study the demographic profile of patients of senile mature cataract attending the OPD of GMC Jammu and to see if there is correlation between demographic factors and time of seeking medical attention.Methods: This study was conducted on 41 patients of senile mature cataract who attended OPD of GMC Jammu from August 2019 to November 2019. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking and ocular examination. Socio-economic status and education level of all patients was assessed. All patients were admitted and underwent cataract surgery with IOL implantation.Results: In study the mean age of patients was 62.46 years with 58.53% patients being females. Majority of patients were from rural background with low socio-economic status and low education levels.Conclusions: From this study we concluded that female sex, low socio-economic status, comorbidities and lower literacy levels are associated with patients seeking medical attention for cataract at an advanced stage.
Numerical Simulation of Flow around A Cylinder in Hyperbolic Flow Field Induced by Internal Solitary Waves

To study the flow field and hydrodynamic characteristics of hyperbolic flow around a cylinder caused by an internal solitary wave, the hyperbolic flow around the cylinder induced by the inner solitary wave, inlet condition is the lower deep horizontal velocity induced by the inner solitary wave and the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation is used as the flow field control equation according to the applicability conditions of the eKdV inner solitary wave theory. A numerical simulation method for the nonlinear action of internal solitary wave-induced hyperbolic flow on a horizontal cylinder is established. A series of calculation results show that the numerical simulation results of horizontal force on the cylinder are in good agreement with experimental results. The wakefield of hyperbolic flow around a cylinder has distinct characteristics. In the process of flow around the cylinder, the vortex does not fall off alternately and the lateral lift force is neglected. The force of internal solitary wave-induced hyperbolic flow on the cylinder is non-centrosymmetric, and with the increase of maximum Reynolds number and characteristic period, the horizontal resistance of the cylinder becomes unidirectional. Therefore, the maximum Reynolds number and the characteristic period affect the horizontal force of internal solitary wave-induced hyperbolic flow on a two-dimensional cylinder.
ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE BIOLOGY TEACHER CAPABILITIES IN ACQUIRING THE LEARNING CONCEPTS AND BIOLOGY SCIENCE MATERIALS IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS

This study was aimed to analyse the ability of prospective Biology teachers to master the learning concepts and Biology Science materials in Junior High Schools. The used method in this study was a descriptive analysis, involving some prospective teachers (the students who were taking micro-teaching courses (PPL-1) in even semester of 2017/2018 academic year) in the Biology Education Study Programme FKIP Untan, as the research subjects. A total of 30 university students with GPA ≥ 3.00 were randomly selected. The instrument in this study was an ability assessment of learning concepts and materials of Biology Science in junior high schools. The data analysis was done in descriptively qualitative and quantitative methods; including data collection, data reduction, data presentation, data analysis using means and percentages, and conclusions eventually. The results showed that the prospective Biology teachers in mastering the concept of learning obtained an average value of 76.89 with A, B, and C grades respectively, 46.67%, 40.00%, and 13.33%. For mastering the biology science concept, it was obtained an average value of 75.73 with grade A, B, and C respectively, 33.33%, 46.67%, and 20.00%. It was certainly concluded that the ability of prospective biology teachers in mastering the concepts of learning and the materials of Biology Science was classified into the good category.
Multimode Fiber Interferometer Based on Graded-Index Polymer CYTOP Fiber

In this article, we present an investigation of a multimode fiber interferometer based on a multimode gradient index perfluorinated polymer fiber. The interferometric response of the polymer fiber was investigated for fiber lengths of 20, 80, and 400 m when fibers were subjected to different perturbation types, such as temperature and strain. The results were theoretically investigated using the averaged characteristics approach and compared with those for silica fiber. Practical features specific to polymer fiber multimode interferometers are discussed. The averaged transfer function was measured and compared with theory at two wavelengths. The influence of fiber length on the interferometer's properties was investigated.
Public Health Insurance System Reform and Its Impact on Health Service Utilization in Rural China: Evidence from CHNS 2000 and 2011

This study employs an empirical analysis to investigate the impact of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) on health service utilization in Chinese rural region using the 2000 and 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) longitudinal survey data and Difference in Difference (DID) analysis method. The major conclusions are as follows. First, individual characteristic factors, enabling factors, health care need factors, and lifestyle factors affect health service utilization, which is consistent with Anderson model. Second, when controlled these factors based on Anderson model, the results indicate that the NCMS did not affect health service utilization (outpatient, inpatient, and health care examination) of individual when ill. Third, to consider the disparity of health care demand and supply, we also employ the analysis utilized the subsamples to take robustness checks. The results indicate that there is no difference statistically in health service utilization between the NCMS enrollment group and the non-enrollment group by age groups (16 - 49 aged group and 50 age and over group), income groups (High, Middle and Low-income groups), and regional groups (East, West and Central Regions). Therefore, it can be said that the NCMS did not improve either health service utilization for patients or preventative health care for rural residents in China.
Growth tracking of femoral and humeral strength from infancy through late adolescence

Aim: To determine to what degree femoral and humeral strengths “track”, or remain at the same ranked position relative to other individuals during the entire growth period. Methods: Radiographs of 20 individuals, equally divided by sex, were measured at 6‐mo or annual intervals from 6 mo to 17 y of age. The section modulus, a measure of bending/torsional strength, was derived from cortical and subperiosteal breadths taken at the femoral midshaft and at 40% of the bone length from the distal end of the humerus. Body size was also assessed as the product of body weight and bone length. Growth tracking was evaluated in two ways: as Spearman rank‐order correlations between strengths at each age point and strengths at 17 y of age, and as the number of individual changes in rank over specified age intervals. All analyses were carried out within sex. Results: The degree of growth tracking varied by sex, skeletal location, and age. Correlations were higher for the humerus (r=0.56–0.83) than for the femur (r=0.10–0.63). Males showed particularly poor tracking for the femur, most likely due to late and variable adolescent growth spurts in body size. Standardizing for body size improved tracking for the male femur, but not for the humerus. Over the entire growth period, individuals averaged 5–8 out of a possible 9 changes in rank. Early childhood (<6 y) was the least stable period.
Awareness about Mosquito Borne Diseases and Practice about Preventive Methods Against Mosquito Bite in Rural Field Practice Area of a Tertiary Care Teaching Institute, Telangana State

Background: Mosquitoes can transmit various diseases like Malaria, Filaria, Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue and Chikungunya. Awareness about the risk of mosquito bite and source reduction can prevent the transmission of these diseases. The present study was undertaken to assess the awareness of rural population about mosquito borne diseases and preventive methods against mosquito bite and the personal protective measures taken by them. Methodology: A crosssectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area of a tertiary care teaching institute in MedchalMalkajgiri district of Telangana state during March 2015May 2015. A predesigned pre tested questionnaire was used for data collection from 270 participants. Data was entered into MS Excel sheet & analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Results: Among the 270 participants, 88.89% knew that mosquitoes could transmit serious diseases. 67.4% participants had heard about malaria. 9.25% of the participants could not name a mosquito borne disease. 28.89% participants did not know the breeding sites of mosquito. 69.63% participants used one or the other personal protective measures (PPM). The most common method of PPM used was mosquito coils (28.72%). Conclusion: The present study shows that though most of the respondents could identify that mosquitoes transmit serious diseases, there is a gap in the knowledge regarding the diseases transmitted by the mosquitoes& their breeding sites. Their knowledge about insecticide treated bed nets is very poor. There is a need to educate the rural population about mosquito breeding sites and source reduction to prevent mosquito borne diseases.
Comparison of Estrogen, Progesterone and Her2 Receptors in Primary Breast Cancer and Paired Metastatic Lymph Nodes: An Immunohistochemical Study

Background: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) are important prognostic factors of breast cancer. However, discordance between IHC ﬁndings of primary tumor and ipsilateral metastatic lymph nodes (IMLNs) has been reported that might aﬀect the criteria for adjuvant therapies in breast cancer in the future. Methods: Sample size of the current study was estimated 50 (Macnemar test). We performed IHC for ER, PR, and Her2 on IMLNs of 50 paraﬃn embedded blocks of breast cancer patients with regional lymphadenopathy during the period. All-red score 2 was regardedasnegativeand3aspositiveforER/PR. Her2resultswereclassiﬁedto1+(0and1+),2+,and3+. WeusedSPSS16toinsertand analyze the data. Results: Mean age of patients was 49 yrs, and mean tumor size was 4.8 ± 3.53 cm. Twenty-four samples were pN1, 17 pN2, and 9 pN3. ER and PRwere positive in50% and 52% of tumoralsamples and 78% and 76% of IMLNs, respectively (ﬁsherexact test, P= 0.003 and P = 0.011, respectively). The discrepancy between IHC of primary tumor and IMLNs for ER, PR and Her2 was 32% (P = 0.000), 24% (P = 0.002), and 48%, respectively. Overall, 34 patients (68%) showed disagreement in at least one of their receptors. Conclusions: Discrepancy between IHC results of primary tumor and IMLNs was signiﬁcant. Since metastatic clones in metastatic lymphnodes(MLNs)arepotentialsourcesof systemicmetastasis,routineIHConMLNscouldplayanimportantroleindetermining prognosis, indication for FISH, and ﬁnally, choosing adjuvant treatment.
The risk of venous thromboembolism in family members with mutations in the genes of factor V or prothrombin or both

Factor V Leiden and the G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene are the most frequent abnormalities associated with venous thromboembolism. It is unknown whether the risks due to the presence of either mutation are of the same magnitude. We compared the prevalence and incidence rate of venous thromboembolism in relatives with either mutation or both. The finding of different rates might influence the strategies for primary prevention of thrombosis in carriers of these mutations. The study population included 1076 relatives of probands with the prothrombin gene mutation, factor V Leiden or both who underwent screening for inherited thrombophilia and were found to be carriers of single mutations or double mutations or who were non‐carriers. The prevalence of venous thromboembolism was 5·7% in relatives with the prothrombin gene mutation, 7·8% in those with factor V Leiden, 17·1% in those with both mutations and 2·5% in non‐carriers. Annual incidences of thrombosis were 0·13% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·06–0·24], 0·19% (0·13–0·25), 0·42% (0·15–0·83) and 0·066% (0·03–0·11), respectively, and the relative risk of thrombosis was two times higher in carriers of the prothrombin gene mutation, three times higher in those with factor V Leiden and six times higher in double carriers than in non‐carriers. The incidence of venous thromboembolism in carriers of the prothrombin gene mutation is slightly lower than that observed in carriers of factor V Leiden, whereas in carriers of both mutations it is two or three times higher. These findings suggest that lifelong primary anticoagulant prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism is not needed in asymptomatic carriers of single or double mutations. Anticoagulant prophylaxis seems to be indicated only when transient risk factors for thrombosis coexist with mutations.
The Modulation of Gulf Stream Influence on the Troposphere by the Eddy-Driven Jet

This study suggests that the Gulf Stream influence on the wintertime North Atlantic troposphere is most pronounced when the eddy-driven jet (EDJ) is farthest south and better collocated with the Gulf Stream. Using the reanalysis dataset NCEP-CFSR for December–February 1979–2009, the daily EDJ latitude is separated into three regimes (northern, central, and southern). It is found that the average trajectory of atmospheric fronts covaries with EDJ latitude. In the southern EDJ regime (~19% of the time), the frequency of near-surface atmospheric fronts that pass across the Gulf Stream is maximized. Analysis suggests that this leads to significant strengthening in near-surface atmospheric frontal convergence resulting from strong air–sea sensible heat flux gradients (due to strong temperature gradients in the atmosphere and ocean). In recent studies, it was shown that the pronounced band of time-mean near-surface wind convergence across the Gulf Stream is set by atmospheric fronts. Here, it is shown that an even smaller subset of atmospheric fronts—those associated with a southern EDJ—primarily sets the time mean, due to enhanced Gulf Stream air–sea interaction. Furthermore, statistically significant anomalies in vertical velocity extending well above the boundary layer are identified in association with changes in EDJ latitude. These anomalies are particularly strong for a southern EDJ and are spatially consistent with increases in near-surface atmospheric frontal convergence over the Gulf Stream. These results imply that much of the Gulf Stream influence on the time-mean atmosphere is modulated on synoptic time scales, and enhanced when the EDJ is farthest south.
Temperature drives local contributions to beta diversity in mountain streams: Stochastic and deterministic processes

1State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China 2Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 4Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada 5Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 6Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Center for Advanced Studies of BlanesSpanish Council for Research CEAB-CSIC, Blanes, Spain 7Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 8State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 9Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 10Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
Shoplifting among university students: a case study of University of Botswana

This paper examines the shoplifting behavior of a stratified sample of 248 students of the University of Botswana. The paper reveals that 35% of the students have shoplifted at least once in their life time, 18% percent have shoplifted within the past 6 months and majority of the shoplifters are from families with parental incomes greater than US$ 1000.00. Although the students see shoplifting as wrong, evil, as a practice that can force retail stores out of business and a misbehavior that can cause price increases in retail business, yet they are unable to curb this misbehavior. The paper, therefore recommends the development of students’ educational programs and orientations aimed at creating awareness of the students that shoplifting is a serious crime. The involvement of parents and peer models will be crucial in this program.
Endocrine fine-tuning of daily locomotor activity patterns under non-starving conditions in Drosophila

Animals need to balance competitive behaviours to maintain internal homeostasis. The underlying mechanisms are complex, but typically involve neuroendocrine signalling. Using Drosophila, we systematically manipulated signalling between energy-mobilising endocrine cells producing adipokinetic hormone (AKH), octopaminergic neurons and the energy-storing fat body to assess whether this neuroendocrine axis involved in starvation-induced hyperactivity also balances activity levels under ad libitum access to food. Our results suggest that AKH signals via two divergent pathways that are mutually competitive in terms of activity and rest. AKH increases activity via the octopaminergic system during the day, while it prevents high activity levels during the night by signalling to the fat body. This regulation involves feedback signalling from octopaminergic neurons to AKH-producing cells (APCs). APCs are known to integrate a multitude of metabolic and endocrine signals. Our results add a new facet to the versatile regulatory functions of APCs by showing that their output contributes to shape the daily activity pattern under ad libitum access to food.
PATIENT SAFETY CULTURE: PERCEPTION OF NURSES IN A CARDIOPNEUMOLOGY REFERENCE CENTER

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the patient safety culture dimensions from the nurses' point of view in a cardiopneumology reference hospital in the city of São Paulo (Brazil). Method: a quantitative, descriptive-exploratory study. Nurses from Inpatient Units and intensive care units participated in this study, which responded to the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument, validated for Brazil. Data was collected from July to September 2017. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used; percentages greater than or equal to 75% of positive responses represent satisfactory results regarding to the patient safety culture. Results: of 102 nurses, 52 (51%) worked in inpatient units and 50 (49%) in intensive care units, 90.2% being nursing assistants. Females predominated (85.3%) and the mean age was 37.5 years old. As for the safety culture, the best rated dimension was “Organizational Learning - Continuous Improvement” (59.4%) and the worst, “Nonpunitive Response to Errors” (24.1%). The best evaluations were from inpatient unit’s nurses, regarding items of positive answers at the hospital level (p=0.01), and negative answers at the level of the professional’s unit of work (p=0.04). Conclusion: these findings make it possible to draw up intervention plans to strengthen and solidify components that encompass safety culture in the institution on this research scenario.
Crescentic Glomerulonephritis in a Sub-Saharan Country: Clinical Presentation, Etiological and Evolutive Profile

Background: Crescentic extra-capillary glomerulonephritis (ECGN) is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. In black Africans, little data are available on this lesion. This study aimed at determining the clinical/biological and evolutionary patterns of ECGN and identifying factors of poor prognosis. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted over a period of 5 years. All patients with extra-capillary proliferation of ≥ 50% in Bowman’s space upon kidney biopsy were involved. The researchers compared 2 groups of patients: group A (patients, who fully recovered from renal function after 3 months of treatment) and group B (patients developing signs of chronic renal insuﬃciency) in order to identify factors responsible for a poor renal prognosis. Results: Forty cases of crescentic glomerulonephritis were found in 750 kidney biopsies, i.e. a prevalence of 5.33%. The mean age of thepatientswas33.9 ± 16.65years,withagenderratioof0.53. Uponadmission,85% ofcaseshadrenalinsuﬃciency,witholigoanuria presentin62.5%. Byemployinglightmicroscopy,thecrescentswerefoundtobecellularin60%,ﬁbro-cellularin32.5%,andﬁbrousin 7.5%. The etiologies were mainly lupus in 32.5% of cases, followed by ANCA-related vasculitis in 27.5% of cases, and infectious causes in 17.5% of cases. Outside of the infectious context, basic treatment relied on immune suppression combining corticosteroids and cytotoxicdrugs. Theevolutionwasmarkedbytransitiontoachronicstatein72.7% of cases;18.2% of patientsrecoverednormalrenal function. The factors responsible for a poor renal prognosis were oligoanuria (P = 0.0008), high creatinine level upon admission (P = 0.0001), use of hemodialysis (P = 0.0001), and evidence of ﬁbro-cellular and ﬁbrous crescents (P = 0.013). Conclusions: Crescentic glomerulonephritis was relatively common inthe current patients. Theetiology was dominated by lupus in the study’s context. This rapidly causes chronic renal failure, hence explaining the interest in early management.