Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of the Role of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Spinal Surgery With a Focus on the True and False Positives and a Clinical Correlation

Background Spinal surgery is a technically challenging endeavor with potentially devastating complications. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is a method of preventing and identifying damage to the spinal cord. Objective The aim of our study was to examine the clinical utility of IONM in spinal surgeries performed at our institution and what effect, if any, subsequent interventions had on postoperative patient outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of 169 patients who underwent spinal surgery with IONM at 2 institutions between 2013 and 2018. Signal changes detected were recorded as well as the surgeon’s response to these changes. Neurological status was recorded using a standard neurological examination and characterized as per the McCormick Neurological Scale. Patients were followed up for 12 months after surgery. Results A total of 169 spinal surgery cases with concurrent use of spinal cord monitoring were carried out in our institution between 2013 and 2018. The youngest patient was 14 years old, and the oldest was 92 years old (mean, 51.9 ± 19.6 years). There were 100 female patients and 69 male patients. Most patients (n = 124) had no signal changes. Signal changes were observed in 26.6% of the cases (n = 45). Most of these signal changes were rectified through repositioning of the patient (n = 24). The other 21 patients saw no improvement in their signals before the end of their procedures; however, these 21 patients had no postoperative deficits (grade I). This brought the false positive rate to 38% (21/55); the false negative rate was 1.8% (3/169). Conclusion This study showed similar outcomes in patients whether IONM signals were recovered or not. The false positive and false negative rates were high. Our study helps to raise awareness about IONM’s strengths and weaknesses to inform future clinical practice. We recommend prioritizing clinical judgment in spinal surgery cases and using IONM with caution. Level of Evidence 3.
Electronic Plant Breeding Identification of stable genotypes based on grain yield response over different environments in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

The genotype × environment (G × E) interaction has a significant impact on plant yield performance and is an important focus of researchers in developing stable varieties. This study aims to find stable, high yielding sorghum hybrids suited for a wide range of environmental conditions in Telangana. A total of 64 sorghum genotypes/hybrids were evaluated in three environments during Rabi 2020–2021 for adaptability and stability. The regression method of stability analysis was used to study grain yield adaptability and stability. Results revealed that, genotypes, environments, G × E interaction, and G × E (linear) all differed significantly. According to the findings, the highest yielding hybrid was SG-16 (2.78 kg/ plot). Based on the regression coefficient (b i ) and deviation from regression (s 2 d i ) scores, the high yielding hybrids, viz . , SG-26, SG-16, SG-3, SG-29, and SG-6, were found to be stable and adapted to a wide range of environments.
DETERMINANTS OF OPEN DEFECATION (OD) IN NIGERIA (1990-2015)

This study investigates the determinants of open defecation in Nigeria from 1990 to 2015 using annual time series data from World Bank World Development Indicators 2017 database and Central Bank of Nigeria annual reports and statement of accounts for various years. Johansen cointegration test, vector error correction model, impulse response and variance decomposition were used to analyzed the data. The study revealed that there exists a stable long-run equilibrium relationship amongst open defecation, income, and sanitation and literacy rate in Nigeria from 1990 to 2015 at 5 per cent level of significance. It also suggests that literacy rate, income and improved sanitation facilities are important determinants of open defecation that explained about 63 per cent variation in open defecation. Furthermore, impulse response showed that as literacy rate increases, open defection will decline and also as income increases, open defecation reduces. The variance decomposition revealed that literacy rate is the most significant driver of changes in the rate of open defecation, followed by income, then sanitation. The study recommends among other more public enlightenment on Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach to sanitation and hygiene behaviour coupled with the significance of open defecation free society. There should be cash transfer to people that are below the poverty line so as to enhanced the income level in the country. More improved sanitation facilities-cum-public toilets/latrines should be provided in schools, markets, motor parks and transit points together with increased provision of mobile toilets/latrines during occasions/festivities so as to ensure “fixed-point defecation”.
The Relationship between Principal Managerial Skills, Job Satisfaction, Work Commitment with Junior High School Teacher Performance in Aluh-Aluh District, Regency

The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect influence between the principal's managerial skills, job satisfaction and work commitment on the performance of SMPN teachers in Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency. This research is quantitative with cross sectional method and uses correlation research. The research population was 160 teachers and 114 respondents were taken as research samples with random sampling technique. Data collection using a questionnaire instrument and data analysis using descriptive analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis. The results of this study indicate that the regression value of the variables is a positive number such as the principal's managerial skills (X1) with teacher performance (Y) of 0.360, the regression coefficient of the principal's managerial skills (X1) with work commitment (Z) of 0.264, the regression coefficient of job satisfaction. (X2) with teacher performance (Y) of 0.259, regression coefficient of job satisfaction (X2) with work commitment (Z) of 0.227, regression coefficient of work commitment (Z) with teacher performance (Y) of 0.262, regression coefficient of principal managerial skills (X1) through work commitment (Z) with teacher performance (Y) of 0.069 and the regression coefficient of teacher job satisfaction (X2) through work commitment (Z) with teacher performance (Y) of 0.059. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant direct effect of principal managerial skills, job satisfaction and commitment to the performance of SMPN teachers in Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency and there is no significant indirect effect of principal's managerial skills and job satisfaction through commitment to the performance of SMPN teachers. in Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency.
The Impact of Debt Maturity and Financing Constraints on Corporate Investment: Evidence from China

: This study attempts to investigate how the maturity structure of a firm’s debt affects its investment decisions. Firms may want to issue long-term debt in order to reduce short-term refinancing risk. However, lack of commitment on the firms’ part makes long-term debt costly relative to short-term debt. We argue that this trade-off is exacerbated by the financing constraints a firm faces. Using a panel dataset of Chinese non-financial firms between 1997 and 2018, we find that debt maturity has a positive impact on investment. This association is enhanced for firm’s who face higher financial constraints. Specifically, firms with high financial constraints tend to use long-term debt to increase their investment levels, while less financially constrained firms do not seem concerned about the maturity structure of debt for investment behaviour. We also find that impact of debt maturity on investment is greater for high-growth firms.
64 Examining the Primary-School Teachers’ Motivation Levels during the Covid-19

serkansay@mersin.edu. tr ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to investigate the primary-school teachers’ motivation levels towards the profession during the COVID-19 pandemic. In accordance with this purpose, the professional motivations of primary school teachers have been examined according to the variables of gender, years of professional seniority, grade level taught and the number of students attending the course in the distance education. The study group of the research consists of 258 primary-school teachers working in Erdemli district of Mersin province. The study was carried out by using the survey method one of which is a quantitative research method and the data have been collected through the Personral Information Form developed by the researchers amd the “Primary School Teacher Motivation Scale” developed by Ozturk&Uzunkol (2013). The results of the research demonstrated the professional motivation level of the primary-school teachers to be moderate during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The gender showed a significant difference on primary-school teachers’ professional motivation levels and female teachers’ general avarege of professional motivaton levels were found to be higher than the male teachers’ professional motivatonal levels during Covid-19 Pandemic. Another significant difference in professional motivation levels was observed in the the seniority levels in which it was determined to be between 21+ and 5-10, 11-15, 16-20 and between 16-20 and 11-15, 16-20 years of professional seniority groups. The professional motivation levels of the primary-school teachers did not show a significant difference according to the class level and the number of students participating in distance education. The data obtained from the scale have been interpreted, using the same scale, by comparing them with the studies carried out with teachers before the pandemic. Compared to pre-pandemic period, the professional motivation levels of the primary-school teachers are found to
DATA-DRIVEN TIGHT FRAMES OF KRONECKER TYPE AND 1 APPLICATIONS TO SEISMIC DATA INTERPOLATION AND 2 DENOISING

Seismic data interpolation and denoising plays a key role in seismic data processing. 5 These problems can be understood as sparse inverse problems, where the desired data are assumed 6 to be sparsely representable within a suitable dictionary. In this paper, we present a new data-driven 7 tight frame of Kronecker type (KronTF) method that avoids the vectorization step and considers 8 the multidimensional structure of data in a tensor-product way. It takes advantage of the structure 9 contained in all diﬀerent modes (dimensions) simultaneously. In order to overcome the limitations 10 of a usual tensor-product approach we also incorporate data-driven directionality (KronTFD). The 11 complete method is formulated as a sparsity-promoting minimization problem. It includes two main 12 steps. In the ﬁrst step, a hard thresholding algorithm is used to update the frame coeﬃcients of the 13 data in the dictionary. In the second step, an iterative alternating method is used to update the tight 14 frame (dictionary) in each diﬀerent mode. The dictionary that is learned in this way contains the 15 principal components in each mode. Furthermore, we apply the proposed tight frames of Kronecker 16 type to seismic interpolation and denoising. Examples with synthetic and real seismic data show 17 that the proposed method achieves better results in comparison with the traditional projection onto 18 convex sets (POCS) method based the Fourier transform and the previous vectorized data-driven 19 tight frame (DDTF) methods. In particular, the simple structure of the new frame construction 20 makes it essentially more eﬃcient.
Job design and autonomy: A task-level approach Working

We develop and test a task-level theory of job design, autonomy and wellbeing at work. We build our theory on three main insights from several influential, but separate, strands of work design theory: (1) the distinction between job demands and control; (2) a separation of task-level and person-level dimensions; and (3) the recognition that distinct task-level dimensions cause distinct outcomes for workers. We propose three types of autonomy: engaging autonomy (type 1); stress-reducing autonomy (type 2); and a third type of autonomy which imposes a hindering burden of responsibility on job incumbents and could be both engaging and stressful. We test our theory on a sample of 1697 residential care workers in Belgium. We confirm the hypotheses that task-level measures of job design are ontologically different from person-level measures and that the three types of autonomy constitute empirically separate dimensions of job control. Finally, we largely confirm their distinct effects on mental outcomes of job incumbents.
Nucleation limited switching (NLS) model for HfO2-based metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) capacitors: Switching kinetics and retention characteristics

HfO2-based ferroelectrics (FE-HfO2) have shown promise as an emerging 1-T (single-transistor) non-volatile memory candidate because of its attractive features, such as CMOS compatibility, scalability, fast switching speed, low power, and long retention. The nucleation limited switching (NLS) model, which attributes the polarization switching mainly to the waiting time of nucleation of reversed domains, has been well developed to interpret experimental results for both ferroelectric switching and retention of metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) devices based on conventional perovskite ferroelectric materials [such as Pb(Zr, Ti)O3]. However, the applicability of this model to HfO2-based MFM capacitors is not well understood, although some recent experimental evidence has suggested so. In this study, we thoroughly investigated the switching kinetics and the retention characteristics of FE-HfO2 in the context of the NLS model. We show that (1) the NLS model agrees well with the experimental results of switching kinetics over 5 orders of pulse widths, and the extracted modeling parameters are also consistent with those predicted by the density-functional-theory analysis, indicating that the nucleation of reversed domain indeed dominates the switching speed and (2) the NLS model also agrees well with the experimental retention characteristics of HfO2-based MFM devices both at room temperature and at 85 °C.
In vitro evaluation of probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from human and dairy origin

Probiotics are live microorganisms which when consumed in large number together with a food promote the health of the consumer. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Human feces and dairy products such as raw milk and dahi samples. A total of 40 isolates were selected from the samples. These isolates of Human origin (H1 –H20) and dairy origin (D1-D20) were initially screened as Gram-positive, rods, catalase-negative isolates. Human isolates H4, H8, H9, H10, H14 and D6, D7, D9, D12, D13 confirmed the Lactobacillus genus identification. Further these 10 isolates were subjected for in vitro probiotic properties. Isolate H9 and D12 were able to survive at pH 3.0 for 120 min as indicated by log counts up to 5.01 to 5.2, whereas D9 showed low viability at pH 2.0 at 120 min. For bile tolerance study isolate H9, H10, D12 and D13 were able to tolerate 1% bile for 3 hrs with a log count varying from 6 to 6.3 whereas D9 was found to be bile sensitive with log count of 2.8. Almost all the isolates were moderately or highly sensitive towards all the antibiotics used in this study, except ofloxacin. All the isolates were resistant to vancomycin except H9 and D9. Maximum cell surface hydrophobicity was observed for D9 (52%) while it was minimum for H9 (4%). In case of antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria, majority of the isolates showed inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli (73%) followed by B. cereus and S. dysenteriae (70%) and S. typhi (33%). Only 3 out of 10 isolates namely H4, H9 and D7 exhibited a moderate level of BSH activity (++) as indicated by the dense precipitation of the sodium taurodeoxycholate. Among 10 isolates 4 (H4, H8, H9, H14) were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum with the amplification of 248 bp product using primer L pla 3/ L pla 2.The sequence analysis showed that D6, D7, D9, D12, and D13 belonged to Lactobacillus rhamnosus , whereas H10 as L. plantarum . Studies revealed that the Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains were found to be potentially useful to produce probiotic products.
Reception towards Mathematics Learning of Junior High School Students

– The study explored the students’ reception towards mathematics learning. It utilized the mixed method of research. The participants of the study were the 307 junior high school students of a public secondary high school in the Philippines. Findings showed that the students seek peer support but lack efficiency, especially emotional support, set goals for self-study but lacking in learning strategies, and have stress tolerance and willingness to receive help from peers but with lessened interest in the lessons. Results revealed that seeking peer support, self-study, and behavioral response is significant in learning mathematics. Some of the recommendations were to communicate a growth mindset through feedbacking and behavioral conditioning, differentiate instruction, and establish effective peer support and enhancement programs including emotional literacy in learning mathematics and effective time management to bridge the gap of learning caused by students’ negative reception towards mathematics learning. Educational management can encourage teachers to implement extension programs related to developing students’ positive reception towards mathematics learning. Also, the teachers can teach and train students to develop positive reception behaviors by integrating them into their teaching and learning activities as values integration.
The Impact of Financial, Human and Social Capital on becoming an Entrepreneur through Acquisition

While studies on successful entrepreneurship are abundant, this stream of research focused predominantly on start-up entrepreneurship. Acquiring an existing firm, or entrepreneurship through acquisition (ETA), is an alternative form of entrepreneurial entry. Using a unique sample of nascent ETA entrepreneurs, in particular middle-aged senior experienced individuals, collected through online surveys, we test the importance of three forms of capital on the odds of successfully acquiring a business: financial, human, and social capital. Human capital or the experience and expertise of the ETA entrepreneur significantly increases the chances of success. However, contrary to our knowledge of start-up entrepreneurs, financial capital is another vital predictor, while social capital seems to have no significant impact. Our findings suggest that start-up and ETA entrepreneurship require different resources to be successfully completed due to their inherent differences.
Staycation During COVID-19 Pandemic with Virtual Tourism: Tele-Tourist Attitude Toward Experience in Cultural Heritage Destination

Malang City, Indonesia, is known as the Paris van oost Java and was officially named the City of Heritage because of the high interest of domestic and foreign tourists to trace the history and antique architecture of the city. However, travel restriction policies in various countries also demanded the solidarity of tourists to stay at home, avoiding crowds, and delaying travel plans during the COVID-19 pandemic. It clearly causes the tourism sector to be heavily affected. Therefore, it is necessary to manage cultural heritage tourism destinations that can allow tourists to do a staycation in sophisticated form and considering the carrying capacity more according to the COVID-19 safety protocol. As a solution, this research used the R&D method with mixed methods approach consist of observation, visual analysis, and survey experimental to produce web-based virtual tourism (web-VR) for ancient and astonishing The Great Mosque of Jami’ Malang. The content was further confirmed using field experiments analyzed by Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) involving 30 tele-tourists. The results of this study indicate that the virtual experience of tourists, which consists of immersiveness and telepresence after visiting the virtual destination, has an effect on the attitude of teletourist. Therefore, virtual tourism can be considered complementary to actual visits, visitor management, as well as preserve destination sustainability.
Situating Mental Depth

Is the mind flat? Chater (2018) has recently argued that it is and that, contrary to traditional psychology and standard folk image, depth of mind is just an illusory confabulation. In this paper, we argue that while there is a kernel of something correct in Chater’s thesis, this does not in itself add up to a critique of mental depth per se. We use Chater’s ideas as a springboard for creating a new understanding of mental depth which builds upon findings in contemporary cognitive science. First, we rely on the predictive processing framework in order to determine a proposed neural contribution to mental depth, specifically in hierarchical predictive knowledge. Second, drawing from an embodied approach to cognition, we argue that mental depth results from the depth of our embodied skills and the situations in which we are embedded. This allows us to introduce to a new realist notion of mental depth, one which can only be explained once we attend to the dense patterns of skillful interaction within a rich artefactual and social environment.
Influence of Planting Methods and Seeding Rates on Productivity of Egyptian Clover Forage and some Water Relations

The current experiment was carried out in a clay soil Sids Agricultural Research Station, Beni-Suief Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons of ( 2017/2018 and 2018/2019). This investigation aimed to study the influence of planting methods and seeding rates on productivity of Egyptian clover forage and some water relations. The studied treatments were : four planting methods ( flat, ridges, raised beds and ridges without tillage) as well as three seeding rates, 15, 20 and 25 kg seeds/fed,. The results could be summarized as follows:-The treatment of flat or ridges method with 20 kg/fed seeding rate gave the highest values of plant height, leaves/stem ratio, fresh and dry forage yield as well as water use efficiency and water productivity. - The highest values of plant height, leaves/stem ratio as well as fresh and dry forage yields were obtained under flat or ridges planting method, while the highest values of these parameters were obtained under 20 kg/fed seeding rates. -Applied and seasonal consumptive use water were reduced under raised bed method followed by ridges( without tillage), while increasing seeding rates up to 25 kg/fed was significantly increased. - The raised bed method exhibited the highest values of water use efficiency and water productivity as fresh or dry basis. Also, the highest values of these water incidences were obtained under 20 kg/fed seeding rate. - The treatment of raised bed method with 15 or 20 kg/fed seeding rate recorded the lowest applied and seasonal consumptive water, consequently highest amount of saving water.