Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral Nystatin Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Fungal Colonization in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the prophylactic role of oral nystatin in the prevention of fungal colonization in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants compared with placebo or no treatment intervention. From inception until June 2022, we screened four major databases for pertinent RCTs and examined their risk of bias. The main outcomes were the rate of fungal colonization, rate of invasive fungal infection, rate of mortality, mean length of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and mean duration of antibiotic treatment. We summarized data as risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI), using the fixed-effects model. Five RCTs met our inclusion criteria. One RCT was evaluated as having "high risk," one RCT was evaluated as having "some concerns," and three RCTs were evaluated as having "low risk" of bias. Compared with the control group, oral nystatin prophylaxis was correlated with substantial decrease in the frequency of fungal colonization (n=4 RCTs, RR=0.34, 95% CI {0.24, 0.48}, p<0.0001), the rate of invasive fungal infection (n=4 RCTs, RR=0.15, 95% CI {0.12, 0.19}, p<0.0001), and the mean duration of antibiotic treatment (n=3 RCTs, MD=-2.79 days, 95% CI {-5.01, -0.56}, p=0.01). However, there was no significant difference between both groups regarding the rate of mortality (n=4 RCTs, RR=0.87, 95% CI {0.64, 1.18}, p=0.37) and mean length of stay in NICU (n=3 RCTs, MD=-2.85 days, 95% CI {-6.52, 0.82}, p=0.13). In conclusion, among VLBW infants, the prophylactic use of oral nystatin was correlated with favorable antifungal benefits compared with placebo or no treatment intervention.
Applying inoculation theory in international political campaigns: Analysing public opinion on campaign issues toward Taiwan–PRC relations

ABSTRACT There has been a rapid increase in attack politics and an inoculation approach is considered to be a promising strategy to resolve the problem. Inoculation theory posits that, through cognitive processing, the likelihood of resistance to attitude change can be enhanced by applying inoculation treatments containing threat components that motivate individuals to generate counter arguments. This study examines the efficacy of inoculation by employing inoculation strategies with a field experiment in an international context. The major hypotheses in this study were supported by empirical data. People receiving inoculation pretreatments conferred more resistance to attitude change following exposure to a political attack message. Moreover, people who had higher strength of support for candidates were more resistant to counter-attitudinal attacks. Further, this study assesses and discusses the nuances of inoculation theory and its applications, especially the implementation and potential of inoculation applications in international political campaigning.
Source water vulnerability to elevated total dissolved solids within a mixed-use Appalachian River basin

The upper Monongahela River basin in West Virginia represents a watershed wherein historic land use activities, including coal mining, conventional oil and gas development, and residential and urban development have contributed to elevated total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations within surface and source waters with widespread exceedance of the 500 mg/L secondary drinking water standard for TDS. Our research was designed to characterize spatial variability in and sources of elevated and assess vulnerability of surface and source waters to additional TDS sources and loading. We compiled 3439 unique water quality sampling records throughout the study area over a ten-year period and applied boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis to model log[x]-transformed TDS as a function of landscape attributes across the 885 sampled NHD catchments. We predicted (i.e., elevated TDS and reduced dilution capacity) and observed (i.e., increased variability in TDS and temporary exceedances of 500 mg/L) elevated vulnerability of source waters, with vulnerability being largely driven by a few dominant contributors of TDS throughout the stream network. Notably, seven 12-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) inflows to the Monongahela River and its vulnerable tributaries were predicted to require a combined 6,664,879 m3 of water (i.e., chemical footprint) to dilute TDS concentrations below 500 mg/L from July through September. Our results provide insights into how the mixed land uses containing extractive industries can impact water quality and demonstrates the importance of both spatial and temporal processes in controlling vulnerability of source waters to water pollution.
Public libraries and crisis management: Iranian public libraries and the dust crisis

Dust crisis is one of the most important environmental problems caused by climate change and drought during the last three decades in some parts of Iran, especially in its eastern and western borders. The present study is a qualitative semi-structured interview study of 11 managers and employees of public libraries in the Iranian provinces of Ilam, Khuzestan, Kurdistan, and Kermanshah. In the article, we document that public libraries can take major steps to better manage community needs arising from disasters and emergencies. The findings show that public libraries can take on educational, cultural, executive, and informative roles in the pre-crisis stage, executive and informative roles in the during-crisis stage, and executive and documentation roles in the post-crisis stage. Based on the results, a conceptual model is constructed, showing the role of Iranian public libraries in dealing with the dust crisis as a rotational process. In order to improve the role of public libraries in society, it is necessary that library managers and employees take appropriate measures in the three stages of pre-crisis, during-crisis, and post-crisis.
Increased Sulphur Amino Acids Consumption as OH-Methionine or DL-Methionine Improves Growth Performance and Carcass Traits of Growing-Finishing Pigs Fed under Hot Conditions

Simple Summary Our results suggest that increased methionine consumption by growing- finishing pigs leads to improvement of performance and carcass quality. Moreover, supplementation with OH-methionine improved the loin depth. Taken together, our findings indicate that it might be necessary to update the recommendations for methionine for growing-finishing pigs raised under tropical conditions. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the impact of DL-Methionine (DL-Met) or OH-Methionine (OH-Met) when supplemented beyond the usually accepted requirements in sulfur amino acids (SAA) on the performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. Two hundred mixed sex pigs were distributed in a randomized block (body weight and sex), under a 2 × 2 factorial design with two methionine sources, DL-methionine, or OH-Methionine and two methionine doses (100% SAA or 120% of the SAA level present in the control). Diets were formulated to meet amino acids recommendations of the Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine (2017), except for SAA, which varied with the methionine doses. Daily feed intake, daily weight gain, and feed conversion were evaluated. Moreover, the carcasses were measured electronically for fat thickness (FT), longissimus dorsi muscle depth (LD), and lean meat (%). During the growing phase II (92 till 122 days of age), daily feed intake (p < 0.001) and daily weight gain (p < 0.05) increased with the high SAA levels. High SAA levels also provided greater daily weight gain during the entire period of the trial (0.90 versus 0.86 kg; p < 0.05) No significant interaction was observed between the methionine source and the SAA level for any carcass traits. However, animals that received OH-Met had greater (p < 0.05) loin depth (58.37 versus 55.21 mm) and those that received higher doses of methionine presented heavier (p < 0.05) carcass weight (78.16 versus 74.70 kg), and more (p < 0.05) lean meat weight (43.69 versus 41.90 kg). Taken together, these results demonstrated that supplementation of high sulfur amino acids levels under hot conditions provided heavier carcasses and more lean meat.
Domestic cat hepadnavirus associated with hepatopathy in cats: A retrospective study

Abstract Background Whether domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) infection is associated with clinical disease remains to be determined. Objectives To determine the relationship between DCH detection, hematology, serum bichemistry and liver histology in DCH‐positive cats. Animals One thousand twenty‐two cats in Thailand without concurrent diseases and not undergoing treatments adversely affecting the liver. Methods Retrospective cross‐sectional study. Samples derived from cats with concurrent virus detection were excluded. DCH detection was determined in blood and fresh‐frozen liver by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and further investigated in liver sections showing histological parenchymal disorders (HPD) and normal liver (HNL) using in situ hybridization (ISH). Proliferative/apoptotic activities were determined using immunohistochemistry and ISH panels. Biochemical variables and risk factors for DCH infection were investigated. Results Six hundred sixty‐one (557 blood and 119 liver samples) cats were included. DCH was detected in 18.50% (103/557), 13.85% (9/65), and 3.70% (2/54) of the blood, HPD, and HNL groups, respectively. Cats with DCH revealed abnormally high activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = .001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < .001). Among DCH‐positive HPD case 2/9 an 7/9 were acute and chronic hepatitis, of which 4/7 had hepatitis. Log viral copy number (LVCN) was positively correlated with ALT (P < .001), triglyceride (P < .001), and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (P = .022). The LVCN also had a positive association with degree of hepatitis (P < .05). There was hepatocyte proliferation activity in DHC positive cats. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Domestic cat hepadnavirus infection was associated with high serum activity of liver enzymes and chronic lymphoplasmacytic hepatitis (LPH).
Experiences of solitude in adulthood and old age: The role of autonomy

Recent evidence suggests that older adults experience momentary states of spending time alone (i.e., solitude) less negatively than younger adults. The current research explores the role of autonomy as an explanation mechanism of these age differences. Previous research demonstrated that solitude can be experienced positively when it is characterized by autonomy (i.e., the own wish or decision to be alone). As older adults are relatively more autonomous in their daily lives, they might experience solitude less negatively (in terms of subjective well-being, social integration, self-esteem, and valence) than younger adults. We tested this hypothesis in three studies. In two experience-sampling studies (Study 1: N = 129, 59.7% women, age 19–88 years; Study 2: N = 115, 66.4% women, age 18–85 years), older age and higher autonomy were associated with more positive experience of everyday solitude moments. Although autonomy did not differ between younger and older adults, perceived (lack of) autonomy partly played a more important role for the experience of solitude moments in younger adults compared to older adults. Finally, Study 3 (N = 323, 52% women, age 19–79 years) showed that the relationship between recalled solitude moments of high versus low autonomy and solitude experience is fully explained by feelings of autonomy. Overall, our results demonstrate that older people do not experience more autonomy in situations of solitude than younger adults, but that they partly better cope with low-autonomy solitude. However, people of all ages seem to benefit more from high-autonomy moments of solitude.
COVID-19 and the Pancreas: A Narrative Review

The outbreak of COVID-19, initially developed in China in early December 2019, has rapidly spread to other countries and represents a public health emergency of international concern. COVID-19 has caused great concern about respiratory symptoms, but it is worth noting that it can also affect the gastrointestinal tract. However, the data on pancreatic involvement during SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited. The prevalence and severity of pancreatic damage and acute pancreatitis, as well as its pathophysiology, are still under debate. Moreover, the possible implication of pancreatic damage as an apparent adverse effect of COVID-19 therapies or vaccines are issues that need to be addressed. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic has generated delays and organizational consequences for pancreatic surgery, an element that represent indirect damage from COVID-19. This narrative review aims to summarize and analyze all the aspects of pancreatic involvement in COVID-19 patients, trying to establish the possible underlying mechanisms and scientific evidence supporting the association between COVID-19 and pancreatic disease.
Femtomagnetism meets spintronics and magnonics

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Molecular Identification of Spatially Distinct Anabolic Responses to Mechanical Loading in Murine Cortical Bone

Osteoporosis affects over 200 million women worldwide, one‐third of whom are predicted to suffer from an osteoporotic fracture in their lifetime. The most promising anabolic drugs involve administration of expensive antibodies. Because mechanical loading stimulates bone formation, our current data, using a mouse model, replicates the anabolic effects of loading in humans and may identify novel pathways amenable to oral treatment. Murine tibial compression produces axially varying deformations along the cortical bone, inducing highest strains at the mid‐diaphysis and lowest at the metaphyseal shell. To test the hypothesis that load‐induced transcriptomic responses at different axial locations of cortical bone would vary as a function of strain magnitude, we loaded the left tibias of 10‐week‐old female C57Bl/6 mice in vivo in compression, with contralateral limbs as controls. Animals were euthanized at 1, 3, or 24 hours post‐loading or loaded for 1 week (n = 4–5/group). Bone marrow and cancellous bone were removed, cortical bone was segmented into the metaphyseal shell, proximal diaphysis, and mid‐diaphysis, and load‐induced differential gene expression and enriched biological processes were examined for the three segments. At each time point, the mid‐diaphysis (highest strain) had the greatest transcriptomic response. Similarly, biological processes regulating bone formation and turnover increased earlier and to the greatest extent at the mid‐diaphysis. Higher strain induced greater levels of osteoblast and osteocyte genes, whereas expression was lower in osteoclasts. Among the top differentially expressed genes at 24‐hours post‐loading, 17 had known functions in bone biology, of which 12 were present only in osteoblasts, 3 exclusively in osteoclasts, and 2 were present in both cell types. Based on these results, we conclude that murine tibial loading induces spatially unique transcriptomic responses correlating with strain magnitude in cortical bone. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The Influence of Fake News on Social Media: Analysis and Verification of Web Content during the COVID-19 Pandemic by Advanced Machine Learning Methods and Natural Language Processing

The purpose of this research was to analyze the prevalence of fake news on social networks, and implicitly, the economic crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the identification of solutions for filtering and detecting fake news. In this context, we created a series of functions to identify fake content, using information collected from different articles, through advanced machine learning methods with which we could upload and analyze the obtained data. The methodology proposed in this research determined a higher accuracy of fake news collected from Facebook, one of the most powerful social networks for the dissemination of informative content. Thus, the use of advanced machine learning methods and natural language processing code led to an improvement in the detection of fake news compared to conventional methods.
JAU-17: A First High Yielding Malting Barley Variety Suitable for Marginal Lands of Punjab

For the usage of beverages and malting purpose, Wheat Research Institute, Faisalabad, developed the ever first variety of barley crop with the name JAU-17 in Pakistan. It is a two rowed barley variety performed best in a series of irrigated and rain fed yield trials conducted at Wheat Research Institute, Faisalabad and outstation yield trials throughout the Punjab province. During yield trials for three consecutive years from Preliminary to Regular and advanced Yield Trials, it has out-yielded the Check Variety Haider-93 by an average of 23.37% while in Outstation Yield Trials throughout the Punjab province, it produced 11.5% higher grain yield than commercial Check variety Haider-93. JAU-17 has medium to tall stature of about 99 to 110 cm length, growth habit is semi erect and has medium-length-awned ear which has yellowish white color. It takes 90 to 100 days to complete heading and matures in 140 to 145 days. It bears good tillering capacity (154-160 per m). The seed is amber in color with 1000-grain weight of upto 42 gram. For quality trait evaluation it has good quantity for protein (12.2 to 13.7%) and test weight (52.7 to 54.4 kg/hl) along with opaque seed surface. Its malt making quality is excellent for industrial uses. In 2019 Jau-17 was approved by Punjab Seed Council for general cultivation due to its stable performance over the years for better grain yield, resistance against rusts and nutritional quality.
Characteristics and Challenges of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Africa: A Review of the Literature

Backgrounds Africa comprises 54 countries with varying degrees of economic development. As with other healthcare systems, rare diseases such as adrenal insufficiency are neglected and poorly documented. Objectives We wished to explore primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in Africa, its prevalence, aetiology, genetics, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment and to determine the unmet needs in clinical care, education, and research. Materials and Methods A narrative nonsystematic review of the literature was undertaken. We searched two online databases (PubMed and Google scholar) using the search terms “Addison's disease/PAI, primary adrenal insufficiency coupled with “Africa,” “country names,” and “genetic disorders. ” A total of 184 PAI records were reviewed. The exclusion of abstracts, conference proceedings, single case reports, and duplicate studies covering the same subject matter yielded 124 articles, of which 97 informed the final manuscript. Results A wide range of aetiology of PAI was encountered, but their true prevalence is unknown. Aetiology varied with region and age of presentation as reflected by predominantly TB, HIV, and infective causes occurring in sub-Saharan Africa and more congenital forms described in North Africa associated with consanguinity. In Africa, the diagnostic criteria for PAI do not universally accord with conventional criteria, and there is a heavy reliance on clinical suspicion and biochemistry, including random cortisol of <400 nmol/L, rather than the tetracosactide test where stimulated cortisol <500–550 nmol/L confirms the diagnosis. Conclusions A high index of suspicion is warranted to diagnose PAI in resource-limited settings, especially where tetracosactide tests are not universally available.
Mapping High-Resolution Global Impervious Surface Area: Status and Trends

Impervious surface area (ISA) mapping at the global scale has entered a new era. Currently, the number of high-resolution global ISA products is gradually increasing; however, a literature review that systematically investigates these ISA products is still lacking, which limits the application of these products. Thus, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the existing high-resolution global ISA products, concentrating on the aspects of the data sources, training samples, features, and methods. Moreover, we evaluate these products at multitemporal and multispatial scales, using a series of independent test samples. The results demonstrate that the multitemporal accuracy of the ISA products presents an increasing trend, due to the increase of the available sensors. Among the continuous time-series products [e.g., the updated new global impervious surface area (GISA 2.0), the global impervious surface area (GISA), global annual urban dynamics, global human settlement layer, and global artificial impervious areas], the accuracy of the GISA 2.0 outperforms the others at global, continental, and regional scales. However, the mapping performance of these products in small towns and arid and rural regions needs to be enhanced. In particular, we focus on the spatio-temporal disagreement of the ISA products. We show that the high disagreement regions are predominantly concentrated in eastern Asia, western Europe, and eastern North America. In addition, the high disagreement regions are characterized by low ISA density, high vegetation coverage, and high albedo bare ground coverage. Additionally, this article concludes with some remarks about the future directions of global ISA mapping.