Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Orbit Deformities in Craniofacial

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The possible relationship of orbit deformities in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) to plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs) have not been fully elucidated. Our purpose was to review orbital changes in patients with craniofacial NF1. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed CT and MR imaging abnormalities of the orbit in 31 patients (18 male, 13 female; mean age, 14 years; age range 1–40 years) with craniofacial NF1. RESULTS: Orbital abnormalities were documented in 24 patients. Six had optic nerve gliomas with enlarged optic canals. Twenty had PNFs in the orbit or contiguous to the anterior skull. The posterior orbit was distorted by encroachment from an expanded middle cranial fossa in 13 patients, and 18 had enlargement of the orbital rim. Other changes included focal decalcification or remodeling of orbital walls adjacent to PNFs in 18 patients and enlargement of cranial foramina resulting from tumor infiltration of sensory nerves in 16. These orbital deformities were sometimes progressive and always associated with orbital infiltration by PNFs. CONCLUSION: In our patients with craniofacial neurofibromatosis, bony orbital deformity occurred frequently and always with an optic nerve glioma or orbital PNF. PNFs were associated with orbital-bone changes in four patterns: expansion of the middle cranial fossa into the posterior orbit, enlargement of the orbital rim, bone erosion and decalcification by contiguous tumor, and enlargement of the cranial foramina. Orbital changes support the concept of secondary dysplasia, in which interaction of PNFs with the developing skull is a major component of the multifaceted craniofacial changes possible with NF1.
Intrusion Detection On The Unsw-Nb15 Dataset Using Feature Selection And Machine Learning Techniques

Backdoor, Exploits, Shellcode, analysis, fuzzers, generic, normal, reconnaissance, DoS, and Worms assaults are among the threats detected and classified by this research study using the UNSW-NB15 dataset. To improve accuracy, the feature selection process is carried out utilising the VFS (Validated Feature Selection) algorithm, which selects just the most important features. Finally, utilising the EC (Estimated Classifier) algorithm for classification, the incursion is classified. The sort of assault is revealed during the prediction phase. Finally, the new VFS-EC model was assessed using various performance measures and compared to other existing models to demonstrate its efficacy. The findings of the study revealed that this method is highly effective in identifying and classifying attacks with greater precision.
Estrogen receptor alpha and endothelial nitric oxide synthase are organized into a functional signaling module in caveolae.

Estrogen causes nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation due to estrogen receptor (ER) alpha-mediated, nongenomic activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). The subcellular site of interaction between ERalpha and eNOS was determined in studies of isolated endothelial cell plasma membranes. Estradiol (E(2), 10(-8) mol/L) caused an increase in eNOS activity in plasma membranes in the absence of added calcium, calmodulin, or eNOS cofactors, which was blocked by ICI 182,780 and ERalpha antibody. Immunoidentification studies detected the same 67-kDa protein in endothelial cell nucleus, cytosol, and plasma membrane. Plasma membranes from COS-7 cells expressing eNOS and ERalpha displayed ER-mediated eNOS stimulation, whereas membranes from cells expressing eNOS alone or ERalpha plus a myristoylation-deficient mutant eNOS were insensitive. Fractionation of endothelial cell plasma membranes revealed ERalpha protein in caveolae, and E(2) caused stimulation of eNOS in isolated caveolae that was ER-dependent; noncaveolae membranes were insensitive. Acetylcholine and bradykinin also activated eNOS in isolated caveolae. Furthermore, the effect of E(2) on eNOS in caveolae was prevented by calcium chelation. Thus, a subpopulation of ERalpha is localized to endothelial cell caveolae where they are coupled to eNOS in a functional signaling module that may regulate the local calcium environment. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha. org.
Benthic Habitat Mapping in Tropical Marine Environments Using QuickBird Multispectral Data

The objective of this research focused on the utility of QuickBird multispectral data for identifying and classifying tropical-marine benthic habitats after applying atmospheric and water-column corrections for an area around Roatan Island, Honduras. Atmospheric (Rayleigh and aerosol path radiance) and water column corrections (water depth and water column attenuation) were applied to the imagery, making it an effective method for mapping benthic habitats. Water depth for each pixel was calculated based on a linear model by regressing transformed radiance over known homogenous benthos against measured depths. Water column correction was achieved by deriving absorption and backscattering coefficients for each band of the image using a 50 � 50 window of clear water pixels. Corrections for water path radiance and water column attenuation of the bottom reflected radiance were made for the entire scene, allowing the bottom albedo to be determined for shallow coastal areas. An image of the bottom (i.e., an albedo image), minus the water column, was produced. Albedos were ≤8 percent for seagrass benthos, approximately 8 to 18 percent for coral areas, and ≥18 percent for sand dominated areas. An unsupervised classification algorithm was applied to the bottom albedo image, generating a classified map of benthic habitats. Accuracy assessment based on 383 reference points revealed an overall accuracy of 81 percent, with an overall Kappa value of 0.774.
Genetic and Environmental Influences in Delinquent Peer Genetic and Environmental Influences in Delinquent Peer

Mainstream criminologists have long maintained that delinquent peer group formation is largely a function of family-environmental variables, and have ignored self-selection into peer groups because of genetic proclivities. A small number of recent studies, however, suggest that genes are implicated in delinquent peer affiliation. Given the potentially far-reaching implication of such research findings, the authors replicate Beaver, Wright, & DeLisi‘s (2008) study, among others, using a direct measure of peer delinquency. That is, the authors analyze the Add Health genetic data employing a measure of peer delinquency which is based on the delinquency counts reported by peers themselves rather than respondents‘ self-reports. Even employing this alternative measure, their results clearly support the original study, providing further evidence of genetic underpinnings of delinquent peer group formation.
The Effect of Shading on Fruitfulness and Yield in the Sultana

Two shading experiments on the sultana are described, a preliminary one in which shades of different intensities were used during October and November, and a main experiment in which shades reducing light intensity by about 70% were applied for different lengths of time between October and January.In the season of shading, bunch weight was reduced because of smaller, and possibly fewer, berries by shades of greatest intensity in the first experiment. In the second, shades in position later than 8th December reduced berry size, and yield was depressed when shading lasted for at least six weeks.In the season following shading, fruitfulness and consequently yields were severely depressed where light intensities had been reduced by about 70% for at least four weeks between early November and mid-December. The only other yield component affected was sugar concentration of the berries which was increased where fresh yield was depressed, but not enough to prevent depression of dried yield also.It is concluded th.
City Classification Handbook: Methods and Applications

A tedious and, on the whole, disappointing book, if one is looking for any novel contribution of classification methods to urban sociology or to the practice of urban planning in this country. The group responsible for this handbook met in Chicago, under the sponsorship of the International City Management Association, to develop a new approach to city classification and one that would help those responsible for urban management capitalize on the ever-increasing volume of census and other official information
In situ signatures of residual plasmaspheric plumes: Observations and simulation

We compare in situ observations of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzers with output of a dynamic, plasmapause test particle (PTP) simulation for the moderately disturbed interval 18–20 January 2000. In the model, weakly enhanced convection on 18 January creates a narrow drainage plume (plume A) that wraps completely around the main torus. Moderate convection on 19 January triggers significant plasmaspheric erosion, forming a second plume (B) that coexists with the narrow, wrapped, residual plume A. We fly three virtual LANL satellites through the simulation domain. The observations are globally consistent with the PTP simulation; LANL data contain several intervals of plume plasma in the model's predicted magnetic local time (MLT) sector. The modeled durations of plume sector transits are in good agreement with the LANL data. On a subglobal scale, the MLT widths and timings of the simulated plumes do not precisely agree with observations. However, several observation intervals exhibit good morphological agreement with virtual spacecraft signatures of two distinct, coexisting plumes (A and B). The fine‐scale structure in the PTP model arises from the merging of residual plume A with the newer plume B. Plume merging is one theoretical means of generating fine structure in the plasmasphere: during multiple cycles of erosion and recovery, successive layers of wrapped, residual plumes can merge with newer plumes, creating layers of filamentary density structure. The model‐data comparisons suggest that the plasmaspheric density distribution may preserve some memory of prior epochs of erosion and recovery.
Spatially Restricted Occurrence and Low Population Abundance Estimates as Key Tools for the Conservation of the Critically Endangered Large Social Antelope in West African Savannah

Background: The effective conservation of mammals on the brink of extinction requires an integrated socio-ecological approach, yet the knowledge of updated species distribution, population size, and life-history remain fundamental steppingstones in designing successful conservation plans. This study presents the �rst clari�cation on the population status of the critically endangered Western Derby eland (WDE) within its last stronghold, based on the �rst camera trap monitoring in the Niokolo Koba National Park (NKNP, Senegal). The spatiotemporal pattern of WDE behaviour, their population structure (based on individual recognition), age-speci�c survival rates, and population size estimate were investigated. Results: WDE were recorded during 49 events using dry season deployments (2017, 2018), during which they showed substantially lower occupancy (< 5% of protected area) in comparison to other ungulates in the park. WDE distribution, as of that of many other large mammal species, was strongly localised in the core area of NKNP. Based on the records, WDE were the most active during the hottest periods of the day. Group size ranged from 1 to 32 individuals (mean 7.6 ± SE 8.9), with mixed herds being larger and most frequent compared to others. The adult sex ratio was female-biased, and showed low annual adult male survival rates. The population consisted of a relatively high proportion of juveniles, whilst the proportion of adults did not exceed 40%. The estimated population density is 0.138 WDE/km 2 (± 0.0102), with an estimated 195 WDE in NKNP. Conclusions: Findings highlighted that the WDE population has potential to expand in the NKNP, due to an underutilized capacity, and considering the population density. The age-speci�c vital rates indicate that adult males are the most vulnerable; which suggests either an increase in the large predators’ population, livestock encroachment pressure, and/or poaching. The occurrence of WDE indicated the key conservation area within the park, and together with their active behaviour during daylight periods, this enables the setting up of effective species protection. The �ndings imply that targeted monitoring with science-based interpretation may bring forward strong conservation solutions to the protected area management decision-makers.
Towards Improving the Identi�cation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in Primary Point-of-Care Settings

Background: Only a small proportion of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are diagnosed on initial healthcare consultation. Current clinical guidelines do not acknowledge that primary point-of-care practitioners rely more heavily on a clinical history than special clinical tests for diagnosis of an ACL tear. This research will assess the accuracy of combinations of patient-reported variables alone, and in combination with clinician-generated variables to identify an ACL tear as a preliminary step to designing a primary point-of-care clinical decision support tool. Methods: Electronic medical records (EMRs) of individuals aged 15-45 years, with ICD-9 codes corresponding to a knee condition, and con�rmed (ACL + ) or denied (ACL - ) rst-time ACL tear seen at a University-based Clinic between 2014 and 2016 were eligible for inclusion. Demographics, relevant diagnostic indicators and ACL status based on orthopaedic surgeon assessment and/or MRI reports were manually extracted. Descriptive statistics calculated for all variables by ACL status. Univariate between group comparisons, clinician surveys (n=17), availability of data and univariable logistic regression (95%CI) were used to select variables for inclusion into multivariable logistic regression models that assessed the odds (95%CI) of an ACL-tear based on patient-reported variables alone (consistent with primary point-of-care practice), or in combination with clinician-generated variables. Model performance was assessed by accuracy, sensitivity, speci�city, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios (95%CI). Results: Of 1,512 potentially relevant EMRs, 725 were included. Participant median age was 26 years (range 15-45), 48% were female and 60% had an ACL tear. A combination of patient-reported (age, sport-related injury, immediate swelling, family history of ACL tear) and clinician-generated variables (Lachman test result) were superior for ACL tear diagnosis [accuracy; 0.95 (90,98), sensitivity; 0.97 (0.88,0.98), speci�city; 0.95 (0.82,0.99)] compared to the patient-reported variables alone [accuracy; 84% (77,89), sensitivity; 0
Non-target effects of Metarhizium brunneum (BIPESCO 5/F 52) in soil show that this fungus varies between being compatible with, or moderately harmful to, four predatory arthropods

of show this fungus between with, predatory arthropods. ABSTRACT Biological control with entomopathogenic fungi is a feasible option for regulation of pest insect 13 populations. However, possible effects on beneficial arthropods must be considered. We assessed 14 the non-target effects of the microbial biological control agent Metarhizium brunneum (isolate 15 BIPESCO 5/F 52) applied in soil on four different predatory arthropods: the predatory mite 16 Gaeolaelaps aculeifer (Canestrini), the predatory bug Orius majusculus (Reuter), the rove beetle 17 Dalotia coriaria (Kraatz) and the gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani. All are widespread and 18 naturally occurring in Europe, they represent different classes of arthropods and different insect 19 orders; furthermore, their life cycles involve different levels of contact with the soil. Adult G. 20 aculeifer , O. majusculus, and D. coriaria , and last instar A. aphidimyza larvae were exposed to 21 natural soil (control) or natural soil inoculated with M. brunneum at a concentration of 5 x 10 6 22 conidia/g of soil; this represents a worst-case scenario. Mortality, longevity, fecundity and 23 Metarhizium outgrowth on dead individuals were assessed for the first three species; for A. 24 aphidimyza, only mortality (non-emergence rate) and fecundity of emerged females were assessed. 25 The fungal treatment resulted in a significantly higher mortality of O. majusculus and D. coriaria , 26 96%, and 7.3% respectively, compared with 19%, and 2% for their respective controls. Mortality of 27 G. aculeifer was not significantly affected by exposure to the fungus in the soil. Longevity of O. 28 majusculus and D. coriaria was significantly reduced following exposure to the fungus in the soil 29 (log-rank test: p< 0.0001, Wilcoxon test p< 0.0001 and log-rank test: p=0.029, Wilcoxon test: 30 p=0.027, respectively), while G. aculeifer longevity was not affected . Fecundity of O. majusculus and
Multiphase Complete Exchange on a Circuit Switched Hypercube

On a distributed memory parallel computer, the complete exchange (all-to-all personalized) communication pattern requires each of n processors to send a different block of data to each of the remaining n - 1 processors. This pattern is at the heart of many important algorithms, most notably the matrix transpose. For a circuit switched hypercube of dimension d(n = 2(sup d)), two algorithms for achieving complete exchange are known. These are (1) the Standard Exchange approach that employs d transmissions of size 2(sup d-1) blocks each and is useful for small block sizes, and (2) the Optimal Circuit Switched algorithm that employs 2(sup d) - 1 transmissions of 1 block each and is best for large block sizes. A unified multiphase algorithm is described that includes these two algorithms as special cases. The complete exchange on a hypercube of dimension d and block size m is achieved by carrying out k partial exchange on subcubes of dimension d(sub i) Sigma(sup k)(sub i=1) d(sub i) = d and effective block size m(sub i) = m2(sup d-di). When k = d and all d(sub i) = 1, this corresponds to algorithm (1) above. For the case of k = 1 and d(sub i) = d, this becomes the circuit switched algorithm (2). Changing the subcube dimensions d, varies the effective block size and permits a compromise between the data permutation and block transmission overhead of (1) and the startup overhead of (2). For a hypercube of dimension d, the number of possible combinations of subcubes is p(d), the number of partitions of the integer d. This is an exponential but very slowly growing function and it is feasible over these partitions to discover the best combination for a given message size. The approach was analyzed for, and implemented on, the Intel iPSC-860 circuit switched hypercube. Measurements show good agreement with predictions and demonstrate that the multiphase approach can substantially improve performance for block sizes in the 0 to 160 byte range. This range, which corresponds to 0 to 40 floating point numbers per processor, is commonly encountered in practical numeric applications. The multiphase technique is applicable to all circuit-switched hypercubes that use the common e-cube routing strategy.
The Contribution of Stem Cell Factor and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Reducing Neurodegeneration and Promoting Neural Network Reorganization after Traumatic Brain Injury CURRENT STATUS: UNDER REVIEW

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in young adults worldwide. TBI-induced long-term cognitive deficits represent a growing clinical problem. Stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are involved in neuroprotection and neuronal plasticity. However, the knowledge concerning reparative efficacy of SCF+G-CSF treatment in post-acute TBI recovery remains incomplete. This study aims to determine the efficacy of SCF+G-CSF on post-acute TBI recovery in young adult mice. The controlled cortical impact model of TBI was used for inducing a severe damage in the motor cortex of the right hemisphere in 8-week-old male C57BL mice. SCF+G-CSF treatment was initiated 3 weeks after induction of TBI. Results Severe TBI led to persistent motor functional deficits (Rota-Rod test) and impaired spatial learning and memory (Morris water maze test). SCF+G-CSF treatment significantly improved the severe TBI-impaired spatial learning and memory 6 weeks after treatment. TBI also caused significant increases of Fluoro-Jade C positive degenerating neurons in bilateral frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus, and significant reductions in MAP2 + apical dendrites and overgrowth of SMI312 + axons in peri-TBI cavity frontal cortex and in the ipsilateral hippocampal CA1 at 24 weeks post-TBI. SCF+G-CSF treatment significantly reduced TBI-induced neurodegeneration in the contralateral frontal cortex and hippocampal CA1, increased MAP2 + apical dendrites in the peri-TBI cavity frontal cortex, and prevented TBI-induced axonal overgrowth in both the peri-TBI cavity frontal cortex and ipsilateral hippocampal CA1. Conclusions These findings reveal a novel pathology of axonal overgrowth after TBI and demonstrate a therapeutic potential of SCF+G-CSF in ameliorating TBI-induced long-term neuronal pathology, neural network malformation, and impairments in spatial learning and memory. acute phase of experimental stroke results in infarction size reduction. Neuroprotective effects of G-CSF [47] or SCF+G-CSF [27] treatment in the subacute phase of experimental stroke have also been demonstrated. These studies suggest that SCF+G-19
Phytomass production and nutrient accumulation by green manure species 1

Green manuring is recognized as a viable alternative to improve nutrient cycling in soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytomass production and nutrient accumulation in shoots of the summer green manures jack bean [ Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. ], dwarf pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajanvar var. Flavus DC.), dwarf mucuna [ Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) Merr] and sunn hemp ( Crotalaria juncea L.), under nitrogen fertilization and/or inoculation with N-fixing bacteria. A split plot design was arranged with the four Fabaceae species as main plots and nitrogen fertilization (with and without) and inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria (with and without) as the subplots, in a 2 2 factorial. The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with four replications. In the conditions of this trial, the sunn hemp had the highest production of shoot phytomass (12.4 Mg ha -1 ) and nutrient accumulation, while the dwarf mucuna had the lowest production of shoot phytomass (3.9 Mg ha -1 ) and nutrient accumulation. The results showed no effect of nitrogen fertilization or inoculation with N-fixing bacteria on the production of shoot phytomass and nutrient accumulation, except for inoculation without nitrogen fertilization, resulting in greater P accumulation (p <0.05) in the sunn hemp and greater Zn and Mn accumulation in the dwarf mucuna. These findings indicate that N fertilization or inoculation with N2-fixing bacteria for Fabaceae are low efficiency practices in the edaphoclimatic conditions of this study.