Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mandarin-Learning Two-Year-Olds’ Online Processing of Classifier-Noun Agreement

Grammatical agreement is very common in human language. In many languages, functional categories have to agree on either syntactic features or semantic features with each other or lexical categories. For instance, in French, determiners and nouns must agree on gender features, e.g. un-masc chapeau-masc ‘a hat’. A number of acquisition studies provide cross-linguistic evidence that children at a young age are sensitive to grammatical feature agreement (e.g. Jolly & Plunkett 2008; Melançon & Shi 2015). French-learning 30-month-olds have access to representations of gender agreement between determiners and nouns which assist target object recognition (Melançon & Shi 2015). Similarly, English-learning 30-month-olds use plural morphology to aid novel word processing (Jolly & Plunkett 2008). Unlike Indo-European languages where there are selection restrictions on grammatical feature agreement such as gender and case, classifiers in Mandarin Chinese have to agree with nouns in semantic features, such as shape, number, size or animacy (e.g. Tai 1994). In Mandarin Chinese, classifiers are employed to categorize or quantify nouns (e.g. Cheng and Sybesma 1998, Li and Thompson 1981). As a functional category heading a functional projection CIP illustrated in (1), the classifier is obligatory in the number-noun phrase. As (1) shows, the classifier tiao agrees with the noun scarf in shape.
Documentation of potential courtship-behaviour in Periphylla periphylla (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

The distribution pattern and nocturnal surface behaviour of the deep-sea medusa Periphylla periphylla in a Norwegian fjord was studied. Medusa abundance, size distribution and condition were determined, using surface collections, net tows and ROV-based video profiles. Only larger, mature medusae reached the surface and aggregated into small groups of both sexes, whereas juvenile medusae remained in deeper waters. Observations on the behaviour and cytology of aggregated medusae suggested a mating strategy. We hypothesize that this behaviour is the by-product of a holopelagic life history, developed in a more oceanic deep environment with low species abundance, as surface aggregation increases the chance of encounter and mating.
The Effect of Autologous Platelet Concentrates on Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Systematic Review

Introduction To assess the efficacy of the autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) combined with autologous bone or bone substitute for the maxillary sinus floor lifting by a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods Electronic databases (PUBMED, Web of Science, EMBASE through OVID, and Cochrane Library) were searched until Dec 31, 2019, and only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in English were identified. Outcome variables included histologic evaluation, the implant stability quotient values, and radiographic evaluation. Data were analyzed by Revman5.3; the estimate of effect sizes was expressed as the 95% confidence interval; and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Results 11 RCTs involving 141 patients (214 sites) were included in our meta-analysis, which indicated that the differences in the percentage of contact length among newly formed bone (2.61%, 95% CI, -1.18% to 7.09%), soft tissue area (-0.15%, 95% CI, -0.54% to 0.24%), and residual bone substitute material (-5.10%, 95% CI, -10.56% to 0.36%) in the APC group lacked statistical significance. Besides, there was the same effect on the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of APC group who underwent implant placement 4 months after sinus augmentation and control group who received implant placement 8 months after sinus augmentation (-0.48, 95% CI, -1.68 to 0.72). No significant effect of APCs on the bone density was found (1.05%, 95% CI, -1.69% to 3.82%). Conclusions The use of APCs in sinus augmentation may be further shorten the time required for bone graft maturation and allow earlier implant placement, but cannot enhance the bone formation in the long term. It is not currently recommended for routine use APCs as an osteoinductive material to bone grafting in sinus augmentation.
Adaptation Evolution and Phylogenetic Analyses of Species in Chinese Allium Section Pallasia and Related Species Based on Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences

The section Pallasia is one of the components of the genus Allium subgenus Allium (Amaryllidaceae), and species relationship in this section is still not resolved very well, which hinders further evolutionary and adaptive studies. Here, the complete chloroplast genomes of five sect. Pallasia species were reported, and a comparative analysis was performed with other three related Allium species. The genome size of the eight species ranged from 151,672 bp to 153,339 bp in length, GC content changed from 36.7% to 36.8%, and 130 genes (except Allium pallasii), 37 tRNA, and 8 rRNA were identified in each genome. By analyzing the IR/LSC and IR/SSC boundary, A. pallasii exhibited differences compared with other seven species. Phylogenetic analysis achieved high supports in each branch, seven of the eight Allium species cluster into a group, and A. pallasii exhibit a close relationship with A. obliquum. Higher pairwise Ka/Ks ratios were found in A. schoenoprasoides compared to A. caeruleum and A. macrostemon while a lower value of Ka/Ks ratios was detected between A. caeruleum and A. macrostemon. This study will be a great contribution to the future phylogenetic and adaptive research in Allium.
Association of Sickle Cell Trait with Risk and Mortality of COVID-19: Results from the UK Biobank

We tested the hypothesis that patients with sickle cell trait (SCT), a common condition in individuals of African descent, have increased risk and mortality for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the UK Biobank. By June 17, 2020, 1,550 of 7,668 (20%) tested subjects were positive for COVID-19, including 298 (19%) deaths. Blacks had higher rates than Whites for COVID-19 infections (79/222=36% vs. 1,342/7,010=19%, P=1.28x10-9). Among Blacks, SCT carriers did not have higher infection rates (5/15=33%) than non-SCT carriers (74/207=36%), P=1.00. However, SCT carriers had a trend of higher death rates (2/5=40%) than non-SCT carriers (12/74=16%), although not statistically significant (P=0.21).
Fatty acid composition of tench (Tinca tinca L., 1758): A seasonal differentiation

Abstract Seasonal variations of proximate compositions and fatty acids of tench (Tinca tinca L., 1758) captured from Seyhan Dam Lake were investigated. The results showed that seasonal fatty acid compositions of tench fillets in July, August and November ranged from 29.59% to 33.71% saturated fatty acids (SFA), 20.50% to 21.69% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and 26.50% to 41.85% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Lipid contents of tench fillets in all seasons were statistically different (p <0.05). The major fatty acids of tench sampled in different seasons were palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1ω7), oleic acid (18:1ω9), linoleic acid (LA, 18:2ω6), arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4ω6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω3). The proportions of DHA were ranged from 5.51% to 17.33%. DHA+EPA compositions of tench fillets were in the highest level as 22.47% in November. The highest ARA content was determined in November as 10.88%. The results showed that tench is a good protein and fatty acid source in human nutrition.
Incorporating spatial autocorrelation may invert observed patterns

Though still often neglected, spatial autocorrelation can be a serious issue in ecology because the presence of spatial autocorrelation may alter the parameter estimates and error probabilities of linear models. Here I re‐analysed data from a previous study on the relationship between plant species richness and environmental correlates in Germany. While there was a positive relationship between native plant species richness and an altitudinal gradient when ignoring the presence of spatial autocorrelation, the use of a spatial simultaneous liner error model revealed a negative relationship. This most dramatic effect where the observed pattern was inverted may be explained by the environmental situation in Germany. There the highest altitudes are in the south and the lowlands in the north that result in some locally or regionally inverted patterns of the large‐scale environmental gradients from the equator to the north. This study therefore shows the necessity to consider spatial autocorrelation in spatial analyses.
Effect of protein concentration in the diet on blood composition and productivity of lactating Holstein cows under thermal stress

SUMMARY An experiment was designed to assess the effect of thermal stress and protein value of the diet on the productivity and some of the blood organic constituents of lactating Holstein cows. Two groups of eight animals each were used in 2 × 2 Latin-square designs with two experimental diets. The percentage of crude protein in the diets was 14.3 and 20.8 %. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were recorded twice weekly and jugular blood samples were collected at weekly intervals for analysis. Daily feed intake, refusals and milk production per cow were recorded. Representative samples of morning and afternoon milk were taken three times a week for chemical analysis. Data on respiration rate and rectal temperature suggested that both groups of animals were under thermal stress. However, significantly lower values were found by increasing the protein level of the diet. The higher level of protein significantly increased total milk production, 4 % fat-corrected milk (4 % FCM), total solids, solidsnot-fat, protein percentage and yield, casein and non-protein-nitrogen in milk. The increase in milk production and 4 % FCM was found to be associated with the increase in total feed and total-digestible-nutrients intake but not with crude-protein intake. Protein levels in the diet had no effect on fat percentage and yield nor on whey protein. The correlation coefficients between respiration rate and rectal temperature with some of the blood organic constituents suggested an inverse relation between thermal stress and the blood organic constituents. The higher level of protein in the diet significantly increased haemoglobin levels but had no effect on oxyhaemoglobin, haemoglobin:oxyhaemoglobin ratio and haematocrit value. Total serum protein was not affected by thermal stress or by the protein value of the diet. Increasing protein levels in the diet increased albumin but decreased the globulin fraction of serum protein. Plasma glucose and non-protein nitrogen were increased by increasing the protein in the diet.
Biofunctionalization of Microgroove Surfaces with Antibacterial Nanocoatings

Objectives To investigate the physical properties of the modified microgroove (MG) and antibacterial nanocoated surfaces. In addition, the biological interactions of the modified surfaces with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the antibacterial activity of the surfaces against Porphyromonas gingivalis were studied. Methods The titanium nitride (TiN) and silver (Ag) coatings were deposited onto the smooth and MG surfaces using magnetron sputtering. A smooth titanium surface (Ti-S) was used as the control. The physicochemical properties including surface morphology, roughness, and hydrophilicity were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and an optical contact angle analyzer. The “contact guidance” morphology was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression level of the main focal adhesion-related structural protein vinculin was compared using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting. The antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis was evaluated using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight™ Bacterial Viability Kit. Results The Ag and TiN antibacterial nanocoatings were successfully deposited onto the smooth and MG surfaces using magnetron sputtering technology. TiN coating on a grooved surface (TiN-MG) resulted in less nanoroughness and greater surface hydrophilicity than Ag coating on a smooth surface (Ag-S), which was more hydrophobic. Cell proliferation and expression of vinculin were higher on the TiN-MG surface than on the Ag-coated surfaces. Ag-coated surfaces showed the strongest antibacterial activity, followed by TiN-coated surfaces. Conclusion Nano-Ag coating resulted in good antimicrobial activity; however, the biocompatibility was questionable. TiN nanocoating on an MG surface showed antibacterial properties with an optimal biocompatibility and maintained the “contact guidance” effects for HGFs.
Association of SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Load with Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19

Rationale: The Infectious Diseases Society of America has identified the use of SARS-CoV-2 genomic load for prognostication purposes as a key research question. Objectives: We explored the SARS-CoV-2 genomic load as a risk factor for adverse patient outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study among adult patients admitted to the hospital between March 31st to April 10th, 2020 with COVID-19 pneumonia was conducted. We segregated patients into 3 genomic load groups: low (Cycle threshold (Ct) [≥]35), intermediate (25 < Ct < 35), and high (Ct [≤] 25) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Measurements: A composite outcome of death, intubation, and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used. Secondary outcomes included the severity of pneumonia on admission, as measured by the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI). Main Results: Of 457 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia from March 31st to April 10th, 2020, 316 met inclusion criteria. Included patients were followed for a median of 25 days (IQR 21-28). High genomic load at presentation was associated with higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (p=0.005), transplant recipient status (p<0.001), and duration of illness less than 7 days (p=0.005). Importantly, patients with high genomic load were more likely to reach the primary endpoint (p=0.001), and had higher PSI scores on admission (p=0.03). In multivariate analysis, a high genomic load remained an independent predictor of the primary outcome. Results remained significant in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a high genomic load of SARS-CoV-2 at the time of admission is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes, that above and beyond age, comorbidity, and severity of illness on presentation, may be used to risk-stratify patients, and call for a quantitative diagnostic assay to become available.
Scaling of feeding in marine calanoid copepods

We describe patterns of body size scaling of feeding by marine calanoid copepods based on a literature review. Maximum feeding rates of calanoid copepods, determined in the laboratory, were temperature independent and scaled in conformity to the three‐quarters universal law followed by animals. Field feeding rates (log transformed) of marine calanoid copepods were dependent on food availability, temperature, and body size, and in combination, these three variables explained 81% of the variance. The scaling to body mass for field data, however, showed a much lower slope, indicating severe food limitation in the larger copepods. The direct effects of temperature in field feeding rates were difficult to ascertain because of the inherent association between body size, temperature, and trophic level in natural ecosystems.
Correlations between Fas/FasL expression and apoptosis as well as clinicopathological features in non-small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor with rapidly increased incidence. Fas and FasL are important protein molecules inducing cell apoptosis. This study tested Fas/FasL expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and analyzed the correlation with cell apoptosis and clinical/pathological features. NSCLC patients were recruited in our hospital, in parallel with healthy individuals. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to test serum and tissue expression of Fas and FasL. Number of tumor infiltrative lymphocytes (TILs) was measured, in addition to TUNEL assay for lung cancer cell apoptosis. The correlation between Fas/FasL expression and cell apoptosis or clinical pathological features was analyzed. Compared to the control group, patients had lower serum or tissue Fas positive rate, and elevated FasL positive rate (P < 0.05). Those individuals with high TIL had potent Fas expression than those with low TIL level, plus decreased FasL expression and elevated tumor cell apoptosis rate (P < 0.05). FasL was negatively correlated with cell apoptosis, while Fas was positively correlated with cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). With more advanced TNM stage, lower differentiation grade and occurrence of lymph node metastasis, FasL expression was increased while Fas expression was decreased (P < 0.05). NSCLC patients have lower Fas expression and higher FasL expression, both of which participate in occurrence and progression of NSCLC.
Morphological, anatomical, habit, and habitat differences among the goldenaster genera Chrysopsis, Heterotheca, and Pityopsis (Compositae–Astereae)

The leaf morphology and anatomy, fruit morphology, growth forms, and distribution patterns of species of the three goldenaster genera Chrysopsis, Heterotheca, and Pityopsis were analyzed and compared, with the conclusion that they should be treated as three distinct genera. The species of Chrysopsis were characterized by flexible flagelliform hairs. Heterotheca had stiff uniseriate, osteolate hairs. Pityopsis had long filamentous hairs that adhered to each other in a reticulate pattern. Chrysopsis and Heterotheca had similar leaf anatomy and compressed-obconic fruits (except for the epappose ray floret fruits of sect. Heterotheca). Pityopsis had distinctive leaf anatomy and morphology and had fusiform fruits. Chrysopsis included one annual plus biennial to weakly perennial and true perennial species distributed primarily in Florida. Pityopsis included only herbaceous perennials with fibrous roots distributed throughout the southeastern United States for the most part. Heterotheca included mostly herbaceou.
Hearing Assessment of Neonates Treated in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Besat Hospital in 2018-2019

Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 150 neonates treated in the NICU of Besat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, using a census method. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and otoacoustic emission (OAE) tests were performed by Labat and HOMOTH devices in Besat Hospital of Hamadan for diagnosis of hearing disorders. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test via SPSS 16.
Efficacy and safety of percutaneous laser disc decompression using double-needle realignment method for lumbar disc herniation

Background and aim: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is often treated by percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD). At present, there is no report on the application of double-needle realignment method in PLDD for LDH. This study investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of PLDD using a double-needle realignment method for treating LDH. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 111 patients with contained LDH receiving PLDD treatment. The patients were divided into groups A (56 cases) and B (55 cases), which were treated by a doubleneedle realignment method and a single-needle method, respectively. The treatment efficacy, visual analogue scale (VAS) back pain scores, peripheral blood IgG and IgM levels and adverse reactions in two groups were evaluated and compared. Results: After 30 days from surgery, the excellent and good rate and effective rate in group A were significantly higher than group B (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). After 3 days and also 30 days from surgery, the VAS back pain scores in group A were significantly lower than group B (P < 0.01), and the IgG and IgM levels in group A were significantly lower than group B (P < 0.01). After surgery, there were 2 cases of end-plate osteochondritis in group B, but no end-plate osteochondritis occurred in group A. Conclusion: PLDD is a safe and effective choice for patients with contained LDH. The double-needle realignment method can reduce the risk of laser treatment, and obtain better excellence and a good rate and effective rate, compared with the single-needle puncture method.
The Relative Scope of Connectives and Negation in Japanese Children

Japanese disjunction (ka) has been claimed to take obligatory wide scope with respect to negation (Szabolcsi 2002, Goro 2007). Goro and Akiba (2004) have observed, however, that children appear to interpret disjunction below negation, unlike adults. Tieu et al. (2017) presented evidence suggesting that in positive sentences children assign disjunction a conjunction-like interpretation when two alternatives are presented in the context, whereas a follow-up experiment by Skordos et al. (2018) has shown that when a third alternative is introduced, the inclusive reading becomes more accessible. In this paper, we present a follow-up experiment to Goro and Akiba (2004), providing three rather than two alternatives in the context, per Skordos et al.’s approach. The goal of this experiment is to investigate whether an alternative analysis of the results found by Goro and Akiba is possible, namely, that children, like adults, assign wide scope interpretation of disjunction over negation, but unlike adults, have the option of strengthening this interpretation into one that is logically equivalent to a narrow scope interpretation of the disjunction. Our results do not support this analysis and make clear the need for further investigations in this area which we discuss in the concluding remarks.
Effectiveness of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) against Sugarcane Stem Borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Snell) in Different Sugarcane Varieties

These studies were conducted to find out the efficacy of different release methods of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) in different sugarcane varieties for the management of sugarcane stem borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Snell) in sugarcane plant crop. The results showed that the infestation of C. infuscatellus in different sugarcane varieties started in April and continued till the end of the October. Significantly lowest percent infestation of C. infuscatellus (1.76%) was recorded in variety CP-77/400 followed by SPSG-79 (2.80%). While significantly highest percent infestation (3.36%) of C. infuscatellus was recorded in variety Mardan-92. The data also showed significant differences in the different release methods of T. chilonis. Significantly lowest percent infestation (1.74%) of C. infuscatellus was recorded in different plots treated with inundative release method followed by plots treated with inoculative release method, where 2.68% infestation of C. infuscatellus was recorded. Maximum percent infestation of C. infuscatellus 3.50% was recorded in control. The data regarding the yield of sugarcane revealed that significantly highest yield, 89.38 tones ha was recorded in CP-77/400 through inundative release method. Overall, inundative release method and variety CP77/40 was found most effective in reducing the percent infestation of sugarcane stem borerand increasing the yield of sugarcane.