Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway & Supreme Laryngeal Mask Airway as Ventilatory Devices

Background: The present study was conducted to compare Proseal-Laryngeal Mask Airway and Supreme laryngeal mask airway (SLMA) in patients. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 40 patients of both genders. Patients were divided into 2 groups of 20 each. Group I patients were given supreme laryngeal mask airway and group II were given ProSeal laryngeal mask airway. All the devices were checked, prepared, inserted and secured. Results: The number of attempt in group I and II was 1, insertion time was 16.4 seconds in group I and 21.5 seconds in group II. Duration of anesthesia in group I was 71.8 minutes and in group II was 71.2 minutes, duration of pneumoperitoneum in group I was 62.4 minutes and 62. 8 minutes in group II. Insertion time NG tube in group I was 10.2 seconds and in group II was 8.4. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). In group I, OLP1 was 29.2 cm H2O and in group II was 34.8, OLP2 in group I was 27.9 and in group II was 33.2, OLP3 in group I was 28.5 and in group II was 34.9. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: ProSeal laryngeal mask airway better as compared to supreme laryngeal mask airway. airway and group II were given ProSeal laryngeal mask airway. All the devices were checked, prepared, inserted and secured. In both groups, insertion times, number of insertion attempts, drainage tube insertion attempts, ease of insertion of airway device and gastric tube, oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) and pharyngolaryngeal morbidity were assessed. Three measurements of OLP were taken: OLP1 (after successful insertion of SGA), OLP2 (10 minutes later) and OLP3 (at tend of surgery). Results thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
L’ostéopontine, une molécule aux multiples facettes

L’osteopontine, initialement identifiee a partir de l’os, par des methodes biochimiques, dans les annees 60-70, a d’emblee ete caracterisee par ses modifications post-traductionnelles multiples induisant des poids moleculaires variables. Clonee en 1986, ses fonctions pleiotropiques ont ete decouvertes au cours des annees 90 : au-dela d’un role structural dans l’os d’inhibiteur de la mineralisation, elle intervient de facon diffuse dans le corps, avec une implication essentielle dans diverses situations physiologiques et pathologiques : processus tumoraux malins, reponse a divers agents infectieux et, comme cela a ete montre plus recemment, intervention dans differents phenomenes dysimmunitaires. Dans la sclerose en plaques, par exemple, elle agit au moins comme une molecule pro-inflammatoire et influence l’evolution de la maladie ; cette decouverte ouvre de nouvelles perspectives therapeutiques interessantes dans la maladie.
The effect of island type on lizard reproductive traits

The origins of islands influence island colonization and radiation dynamics, thus exerting differential selection pressures on the species that inhabit them. The occurrence of lower numbers of predator and competitor species on islands than the mainland selects for ‘slow’ life‐history attributes (the ‘island syndrome’). Animals colonizing, and radiating on, oceanic islands probably face more novel environments than do those inhabiting continental fragment and land‐bridge islands. We hypothesized that oceanic island endemics will show the slowest life histories, whereas land‐bridge island species will resemble mainland species the most. We predicted that species on old, small and isolated islands will also have slow life histories.
Uniportal Full Endoscopic Posterolateral Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Endoscopic Disc Drilling Preparation Technique for Symptomatic Foraminal Stenosis Secondary to Severe Collapsed Disc Space: A Clinical and Computer Tomographic Study with Technical Note

Background: Severe collapsed disc secondary to degenerative spinal conditions leads to significant foraminal stenosis. We hypothesized that uniportal posterolateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with endoscopic disc drilling technique could be safely applied to the collapsed disc space to improve patients’ pain score, restore disc height, and correct the segmental angular parameters. Methods: We included patients who met the indication criteria for lumbar fusion and underwent uniportal full endoscopic posterolateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with pre-operative Computer Tomography mid disc height of less than or equal to 5 mm and MRI of Grade 3 Foraminal Stenosis. Visual analogue scale and computer tomography pre-operative and post-operative sagittal disc height in the anterior, middle and posterior part of the disc; sagittal focal segmental angle; mid coronal disc height and coronal wedge angles were evaluated. Results: 30 levels of Endo-TLIF were included, with a mean follow up of 12 months. The mean improvement in decreasing pain score was 2.5 ± 1.1, 3.2 ± 0.9 and 4.3 ± 1.0 at 1 week post operation, 3 months post operation and at final follow up, respectively, p < 0.05. There was significant increase in mid sagittal computer tomographic anterior, middle and posterior disc height of 6.99 ± 2.30, 6.28 ± 1.44, 5.12 ± 1.79 mm respectively, p < 0.05. CT mid coronal disc height showed an increase of 7.13 ± 1.90 mm, p < 0.05. There was a significant improvement in the CT coronal wedge angle of 2.35 ± 4.73 and the CT segmental focal sagittal angle of 1.98 ± 4.69, p < 0.05. Conclusion: Application of Uniportal Endoscopic Posterolateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion in patients with severe foraminal stenosis secondary to severe collapsed disc space significantly relieved patients’ pain and restored disc height without early subsidence or exiting nerve root dysesthesia in our cohort of patients.
Science Synthesis to Support Socioecological Resilience in the Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascade Range -- Vol. 1

Martens and fishers, as predators, perform important functions that help sustain the integrity of ecosystems. Both species occur primarily in mature forest environments that are characterized by dense canopy, large-diameter trees, a diverse understory community, and abundant standing and downed dead trees. Martens occur in the upper montane forests, where the threat of wildfire is less, and fishers predominately occur in the lower montane forests, where the threat of severe wildfire is much greater. Both species use habitat at multiple scales: the resting/ denning site, the stand, the home range, and the landscape. Thus, management of habitat may benefit from considering these components when evaluating the effects of treatment activities. These species’ diets are relatively diverse and their prey occurs in a variety of habitats within their home ranges. It appears that the heterogeneous conditions that are predicted to occur with the restoration of fire as a disturbance process may yield habitat for martens, fishers, and their diverse sources of food. New science, however, will be needed to test this assumption. Mechanical thinning may mimic some aspects of disturbance that would ideally be caused by fire, but this alternative would appear to be more justified—based on departures from fire return intervals—in the lower montane forests where fishers occur than in the upper montane forests where martens occur. During the course of mechanical treatments, however, it would be important to restore or maintain the distributions of large trees, conifers, and—for the fisher—black oaks, as well as sufficient understory habitat for both species. Management actions to reduce fire risk, or to restore ecological resilience to fire, may be consistent with the maintenance of landscapes capable of supporting fishers, as long as sufficient resting/denning structures are retained and the composition and configuration of the residual landscape is compatible with home range requirements. New scientific tools have been developed in the last 10 years to help evaluate the effects of proposed treatments on habitat features for fishers, in particular, but these have not yet been used in a coordinated manner to evaluate effects at multiple scales (resting/denning, home range, and landscape). Similar tools need to be developed to evaluate marten habitat. This chapter of the synthesis identifies the threats to each species in the Sierra Nevada and outlines the science available to assist managers in dealing with these threats. Our knowledge base is far from complete, however, which is why monitoring fisher and marten Chapter 7.1—The Forest Carnivores: Marten and Fisher
Exploring the fungal wall proteome by mass spectrometry

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17. A multimodal perspective on data visualization

This chapter discusses the multimodality of data visualizations, that is, how they combine multiple modes of expression, such as written language, photographs, diagrammatic elements, and illustrations, in various printed and digital media. Because the medium in which a data visualization is presented determines the modes of expression available, the chapter shows how different media can be pulled apart for multimodal analysis. The proposed approach is illustrated by analysing static information graphics, non-interactive, and interactive dynamic data visualizations.
The Off-Target Effects, Electrolyte and Mineral Disorders of SGLT2i

The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a relatively new class of antidiabetic drugs that, in addition to emerging as an effective hypoglycemic treatment, have been shown to improve, in several trials, both renal and cardiovascular outcomes. In consideration of the renal site of action and the associated osmotic diuresis, a negative sodium balance has been postulated during SGLT2i administration. Although it is presumable that sodium and water depletion may contribute to some positive actions of SGLT2i, evidence is far from being conclusive and the real physiologic effects of SGLT2i on sodium remain largely unknown. Indeed, no study has yet investigated how SGLT2i change sodium balance in the long term and especially the pathways through which the natriuretic effect is expressed. Furthermore, recently, several experimental studies have identified different pathways, not directly linked to tubular sodium handling, which could contribute to the renal and cardiovascular benefits associated with SGLT2i. These compounds may also modulate urinary chloride, potassium, magnesium, phosphate, and calcium excretion. Some changes in electrolyte homeostasis are transient, whereas others may persist, suggesting that the administration of SGLT2i may affect mineral and electrolyte balances in exposed subjects. This paper will review the evidence of SGLT2i action on sodium transporters, their off-target effects and their potential role on kidney protection as well as their influence on electrolytes and mineral homeostasis.
The volatility cluster character of corporate bond yield

We chose weekly transaction data from 2011 to 2012 in Shenzhen and Shanghai Exchange platform, and the paper analyzed the volatility clustering effect of corporate bond yield spread mainly by using time series data. Firstly, the paper described the data character. Secondly, the paper analyzed the volatility cluster character of corporate bond yield by using Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity model. In the end, we did cointegration analysis. We found corporate bond yield have volatility cluster and asymmetric character. And investors could choose different corporate bonds with different yield volatility according to own analysis. Key-Words: corporate bond yield volatility cluster cointegration analysis
Saproxylic beetle diversity in a managed boreal forest: importance of stand characteristics and forestry conservation measures

Saproxylic beetles constitute a significant proportion of boreal forest biodiversity. However, the long history of timber production in Fennoscandia has significantly reduced the availability of dead wood and is considered a threat to the conservation of saproxylic beetle assemblages. Therefore, since the mid‐1990s dead wood retention in harvested stands has formed an integral part of silvicultural practices. However, the contribution of this biodiversity‐orientated management approach to conserving saproxylic beetle assemblages in boreal forest landscapes that include production forestry remains largely untested. We examined differences in resident saproxylic beetle assemblages among stands under different management in a boreal forest landscape in Central Sweden, and in particular stands managed according to new conservation‐orientated practices. We also investigated the relationship between beetle diversity and forest stand characteristics. Bark of coarse woody debris (CWD) was sieved for beetles in old managed stands, unmanaged nature reserves, and set‐aside areas, and clear‐cut stands harvested according to certification guidelines [new forestry (NF) clear‐cuts]. All stand types contributed significantly to the total diversity of beetles found. While stand size, position, and distance to nearest reserve were unimportant, both the quality and the quantity of CWD in stands contributed significantly to explaining beetle abundance and species richness. This extends the previous findings for red‐listed invertebrates, and shows that heterogeneous substrate quality and a range of management practices are necessary to maintain saproxylic beetle diversity in boreal forest landscapes that include production forestry. The unique abiotic conditions in combination with the abundant and varied CWD associated with NF clear‐cuts form an important component of forest stand heterogeneity for saproxylic beetles. It is thus essential that sufficient, diverse, CWD is retained in managed boreal landscapes to ensure the conservation of boreal saproxylic beetle assemblages.
Heterogeneous Immigrants and Foreign Direct Investment: The Role of Language Skills

We investigate the interplay of language skills and immigrant stocks in determining bilateral FDI out-stocks of OECD reporting countries. Applying a Poisson panel estimator to 2004-2011 data, we find a robust positive effect of bilateral immigrants on bilateral FDI – provided that residents of the two countries have few language skills in common. We find a similar effect for immigrants from third countries that speak the language(s) of the FDI host country, making them potential substitutes for bilateral migrants. Our findings suggest that immigrants facilitate outgoing FDI through their language skills, rather than through other characteristics like cultural familiarity.
Distribution of benthic diatoms in U.S. rivers in relation to conductivity and ionic composition

SUMMARY 1. We quantified the relationships between diatom relative abundance and water conductivity and ionic composition, using a dataset of 3239 benthic diatom samples collected from 1109 river sites throughout the U.S.A. [U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program dataset]. This dataset provided a unique opportunity to explore the autecology of freshwater diatoms over a broad range of environmental conditions. 2. Conductivity ranged from 10 to 14 500 l Sc m )1 , but most of the rivers had moderate conductivity (interquartile range 180‐618 l Sc m )1 ). Calcium and bicarbonate were the dominant ions. Ionic composition, however, varied greatly because of the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. 3. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Monte Carlo permutation tests showed that
Behavioral Intention Towards “Halal Hotels”: Religiosity or Ethnicity?

The primary purpose of this study is to empirically examine and compare the effects of religiosity and ethnicity in influencing behavioral intention towards halal hotels concept. Is it the religion or ethnic values that really matters in selecting an Islamic concept of hotel such as the halal hotel? This study involving 492 respondents randomly selected among travelers at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport used SEM as the main method to test the hypotheses. Underpinned by the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the findings of this study revealed that religiosity (represented by the construct of religious commitment) significantly influence behavioral intention towards halal hotels via attitude while ethnicity (represented by ethnic identity) has no significant influence on intention to patronage a halal hotel. Theoretically, this present study help extends the TRA model by incorporating religiosity factor in the context of Islamic tourism. With regard to practical implications, the findings provide inputs to the hoteliers particularly in the hotel’s positioning theme development as well as marketing communication strategies.
Savings in a 3-Period Model with a Behavioral Agent Rational inattention with a Sparse Dynamic Approach

I study a sparse rational inattention 3 period model with a partial attention future income shock, I propose to introduce a partial attention interest rate to the same period of the income shock. When partial attention is considered the sparse agent divides itself in two, one is fully rational with the initial endowment, it shows patience and is able to smooth consumption, the other half of the agent has partial attention, due to her short sight both her estimates of interest rate and future income mare incorrect. To navigate the world the agent derives an euler equation, however this is based on perception, thus her euler fails to predict the behavior of this agent but she stills exhaust the budget with the actual consumption, given instead by the dynamic policy rule.
THE GONADS OF MARGARITIFERA AURICULARIA (SPENGLER, 1793) AND M. MARGARITIFERA (LINNAEUS, 1758) (BIVALVIA: UNIONOIDEA).

A detailed study of the gonads of two endangered species of the genus Margaritifera living in the Iberian Peninsula, Margaritifera auricularia (Spengler, 1793) and Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus 1758), based on macroscopic and histological observations is presented. In both species, gonadal tissue occurs within the visceral mass without a specific location. In hermaphrodite specimens, male and female acini are mixed in the visceral mass but can be clearly distinguished by detailed macroscopic study. The gonadal topography and cycle of Margaritifera auricularia is described for the first time, indicating that the species is a female hermaphrodite and that gametogenesis occurs from December to March. Fifty percent of Margaritifera margaritifera specimens studied were hermaphrodites and 50% females.
Production of intergeneric hybrids between Raphanm and Moricandia

Intergeneric F 1 hybrids between Raphanus sativus (2n = 18, RR) and Moricandia arvensis (2n = 28, MaMa) have been produced through ovary culture followed by embryo culture, when M. arvensis was used as a pistillate parent. Six BC 1 plants were also obtained through ovary culture followed by embryo culture in the backcross of an amphidiploid F 1 hybrid with R. sativus cv. 'Pink ball'. Two BC 1 plants were sesquidiploids (2n = 32, MaRR), and the other BC 1 plants were hyperploid with 2n = 55, having MaMaRRR genomes. BC2 seeds were obtained by conventional pollination in the successive backcross of two sesquidiploid BC 1 plants with R. sativus cv. 'Pink ball'. Their seed set percentages were 12.7% and 17.0%, respectively. These novel hybrid plants and derived progenies may be valuable materials for the genetic investigation and breeding of Brassiceae, including R. sativus.
Experimental manipulation of the winter surface ice layer: the effects on a High Arctic soil microarthropod community.

The effect of patch size on the tolerance of the soil microarthropod population to an experimentally induced environmental catastrophe, a thick surface ice layer, was studied at a High Arctic site (78°55 ‘N, 11°53' E). Such an ice layer currently occurs infrequently; however, climate change models suggest that the occurrence of such an ice layer is likely to increase in frequency. The experimental approach was a factorial design with two patch sizes, an icing treatment and controls. A thin layer of natural ice was present even in the controls and this was treated as a covariate in the analysis. The soil microarthropod fauna at the experimental site consisted of five species of Collembola and seven species of oribatid mite. The experimental surface ice layer reduced the total number of the soil microarthropods studied by 50%; however, mortality differed between mites and Collembola and species within the two taxo-nomic groups. Mites were very resistant and showed no significant change, Collembola more sensitive (the populations of Hypogastrura tullbergi declined by 56% and Folsomia quadrioculata by 54′% in the iced treatment plots). The thin annual surface ice layer seemed to have an additional effect on H. tullbergi and the mite Lauroppia translamcllata. That such a thin ice layer could reduce survival was unexpected and could play an important role in determining the extreme patchy distribution of arctic soil animals.
Antioxidant Capacity and Flavonoid Content in Wild Strawberries

Fruit of the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ·ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) are a good source of natural antioxidants, which play an important role in protecting human health. Antioxidant levels vary considerably among strawberry genotypes. The cultivated strawberry is a hybrid of two very different wild progenitor species: F. virginiana Mill. and F. chiloensis (L.) Mill. The progenitor species are valued by strawberry breeders as sources of novel traits, but have not been evaluated for antioxidant capacity or levels of antioxidant compounds. The objectives of this study are 1) to evaluate the antioxidant contents and antioxidant activities in representatives of F.virginiana andF.chiloensis in comparison with representatives of the cultivated strawberry species (F. ·ananassa), 2) to determine which strawberry compounds are most closely correlated with antioxidant capacity among these three species, and 3) to identify wild strawberry genotypes with high antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds for use in cultivar development. Fruit of 19 accessions from each of the three species, cultivated strawberry plus the two progenitor species (F. ·ananassa, F. virginiana, and F. chiloensis), were evaluated for levels of antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity), total phenolics, total anthocyanins, ellagic acid, quercetin 3-glucoside plus quercetin 3-glucuronide, kaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol 3-rutinoside, p-coumaryl-glucose, pelargonidin 3- glucoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside-succinate, cyanidin 3-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-glucoside-succinate. Fruit of the 13 accessions tested from the wild progenitor species F. virginiana had significantly higher antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and total anthocyanins than did the fruit of three accessions tested from the cultivated strawberry F. ·ananassa, or the three accessions tested from the other wild progenitor species (F. chiloensis), and will be valuable as a source of parent material for developing more nutritious strawberry cultivars. The high correlation with antioxidant capacity, relative efficiency, and lack of genotype-by-year interaction in this study suggests that the measurement of total phenolics may be the better assay to use for the later selection stages in a strawberry cultivar development program. Of the evaluated F. virginiana accessions, NC 95-19-1, JP 95-1-1, CFRA 0982, NC 96-5-3, and RH 30 fruit were highest in antioxidant capacity and should prove useful toward development of strawberry cultivars with high antioxidant capacities.