Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Southern Ocean Origin of Multidecadal Variability in the North Brazil Current

Analysis of model data from a long (200 years) simulation of a high‐resolution version of the Parallel Ocean Program indicates a connection between a mode of multidecadal variability in the Southern Ocean, the so‐called Southern Ocean Mode, and multidecadal variability in the North Brazil Current. The multidecadal sea surface height variability in the Southern Ocean propagates northward and submerges at about 40°S. Northward propagating anomalies in ocean heat content are found between 5° and 40°S at depths down to 1 km and affect the North Brazil Current. Similar variability and connections between Southern Ocean and North Brazil Current are also found in a (200 years) simulation of a high‐resolution global version of the Community Earth System Model. The results provide a new mechanism for the low‐frequency variability of the North Brazil Current.
Spatiotemporal reconstruction of Late Mesozoic silicic large igneous province and related epithermal mineralization in South China: Insights from the Zhilingtou volcanic‐intrusive complex

Silicic large igneous provinces (SLIPs) generally reflect large‐scale melting of lower crustal materials and represent significant metal reservoirs. The South China Block‐Coastal Region (SCB‐CR) SLIP hosts several large epithermal deposits. To better understand these deposits, we document the spatiotemporal framework of the host SLIP across the SCB‐CR. Using zircon U‐Pb dating and geochemical and isotopic analysis, we identify four stages of emplacement. Stage 1 felsophyre (circa 149 Ma) shows a chemical affinity to highly fractionated I‐type granites. Stages 2 and 3 of low‐Mg felsic volcanics (circa 128 to 111 Ma) and stage 4 felsite (circa 100 Ma) have higher εHf(t) and εNd(t) values than stage 1 felsophyre, suggesting a significant contribution of newly underplated juvenile crust to the magma sources. Stage 4 diabase (circa 101 Ma) was likely produced by melting of subduction˗metasomatized asthenospheric mantle. Together with reliable published data, we build a new spatiotemporal framework of volcanics and infer that the majority of the SCB‐CR SLIP was related to the gradual northwestward subduction of the Izanagi plate beneath South China in a continental arc setting during circa 170 to 110 Ma, and minor contribution was from the eastward retreat of the subducting slab in a back‐arc setting during circa 110 to 90 Ma. We conclude that the large‐scale epithermal mineralization was generated by melting of the metal‐rich, thin (30–40 km), newly underplated hydrous juvenile crust during the tectonic transition from arc to back‐arc settings.
Impact of CFTR modulators on exercise capacity in adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Background Exercise capacity is an independent predictor of clinical worsening in cystic fibrosis (CF). There is limited evidence of the impact of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators on exercise capacity in children with CF. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of CFTR modulators on exercise capacity in a cohort of adolescents with CF. Methods A prospective single-centre cohort study was carried out. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed at baseline, prior to starting Symkevi or Kaftrio and between 4 and 8 months after starting treatment. Results 19 adolescents with CF had CPET performed prior to and after CFTR modulator treatment, between December 2019 and March 2022. Breathing reserve improved in the whole cohort, with greater improvement in the modulator-naïve patients after starting treatment with Kaftrio. There was no improvement in peak oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold after 4 to 8 months of treatment with CFTR modulators. Conclusion Exercise testing with CPET can be used as an additional tool to monitor response to CFTR modulators. Breathing reserve on CPET may provide a surrogate marker to monitor the improvement in CF lung disease with CFTR modulator treatment.
Homogenous and multilayer electromagnetics models for estimating skin reflectance

Reflectance measurements of human skin are widely limited over the millimeter wave (MMW) band in literature. This is due to the cost and technical difficulties of the experimental setup. This paper proposes homogenous and multilayer skin models for estimating the reflectance of the forearm and palm of the hand skin over the MMW band 30-100 GHz. The simulation results demonstrate that the differences in reflectance between the homogenous and multilayer models of forearm skin are limited to 0.014, indicating that the thin stratum corneum (SC) layer in the multilayer skin models has a minimal impact on the interaction with MMW of the forearm skin. However, in the palm of hand skin, there is a substantial difference in reflectance calculations between the homogenous and the multilayer skin models in the range of 0.099 to 0.143. These differences are attributed to the presence of a thick SC layer in the palm of the hand. Thus, the simulation results suggested that two-layer should be used for the palm of hand skin as it better captures the reflectance characteristics of this region. The importance of having those models are in calculating the skin reflectance that can be used for the non-invasive diagnosis of skin conditions.
Long-Term Dynamics of Atmospheric Sulfur Dioxide in Urban and Rural Regions of China: Urbanization and Policy Impacts

High levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) due to human activities pose a serious air pollution issue in China, especially in urban agglomerations. However, limited research has investigated the impact of anthropogenic emissions on higher SO2 concentrations in urban regions compared to rural areas in China. Here, we analyzed the trends in SO2 concentrations from 1980 to 2021 in China using the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) dataset. SO2 column concentrations from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) during the years 2007–2021 were also examined for validation and comparison purposes. Eight representative areas, including four urban regions (Pearl River Delta [PRD], Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei [BTH], Yangtze River Delta [YRD], and Sichuan Basin [SCB]) and four rural regions (Northeast Region [NER], Mongolian Region [MR], West Region [WR], and Tibetan Plateau Region [TR]) were selected for the analysis. Overall, a significant but fluctuating increase in SO2 concentrations over China was observed during 1980–2021. During 1980–1997 and 2000–2010, there was an increase in SO2 concentration, while during 1997–2000 and 2010–2021, a decreasing trend was observed. The average increase in SO2 concentration was approximately 16 times higher in urban regions than in the rural background. We also found that SO2 dynamics were highly associated with expansion of urban areas, population density, and gross domestic product. Nonetheless, since 2007, SO2 concentrations have exhibited a downward trend, which is mainly attributed to the air pollution policies implemented by the Chinese government. Our findings highlight the need for further studies on the impact of SO2 on regional climate change in China.
Progress in mechanism-based diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis comorbid with tumor

Tuberculosis (TB) and tumor, with similarities in immune response and pathogenesis, are diseases that are prone to produce autoimmune stress response to the host immune system. With a symbiotic relationship between the two, TB can facilitate the occurrence and development of tumors, while tumor causes TB reactivation. In this review, we systematically sorted out the incidence trends and influencing factors of TB and tumor, focusing on the potential pathogenesis of TB and tumor, to provide a pathway for the co-pathogenesis of TB comorbid with tumor (TCWT). Based on this, we summarized the latest progress in the diagnosis and treatment of TCWT, and provided ideas for further exploration of clinical trials and new drug development of TCWT.
Sourcing the Sherds: An Analysis of the Coarse Earthenware Ceramics from Trents Plantation in Barbados

iii Executive Summary. iv Acknowledgements . x Preface: Connecting with the Past through Earthenware . xi Chapter 1: Introduction: The Significance of Coarse Earthenware Ceramics in a Caribbean Plantation Setting. 1 1.1 Trents Plantation, An Early Barbadian Sugar Plantation. 3 1.2 A Definition of Coarse Earthenware Ceramics. 4 1.3 Research Goals and Questions. 5 1.4 Organization of Chapters. 7 Chapter 2: History of Barbados and Trents Plantation. 9 2.1 A Brief History of Barbados. 12 2.2 A Brief History of Trents Plantation. 15 2.3 A Summary of Excavations at Trents Plantation. 19 2.3.1 Locus 1: Main House Midden . 21 2.3.2 Locus 2: Enslaved Laborer Settlement. 22 2.3.3 Locus 3: Cave Site . 24 Chapter 3: Coarse Earthenware Ceramics. 26 3.1 Coarse Earthenware Typology . 27 3.2 Clay for Earthenware Manufacture . 28 3.2.1 Characteristics of Clay . 29 3.2.2 Manipulation of Clay . 29 3.2.3 Analytical Basis for Sourcing Earthenware . 30 3.3 British Ceramic Manufacture . 31 3.3.1 Clay Sources . 32 3.4 Barbadian Coarse Earthenware. 32 3.4.1 Manufacture of Industrial and Domestic Earthenware. 33 3.4.2 Clay Source . 36 3.5 Coarse Earthenware of Trents Plantation . 37 Chapter 4: Geologic History. 39 4.1 Geologic History of Barbados. 39 4.1.1 Location and Major Formations. 39 4.1.2 Mineralogy and Origins of the Scotland Beds of Barbados . 42 4.2 Geologic History of Great Britain . 43 4.2.1 Location of Great Britain. 44 4.2.2 Scotland, The Oldest Rocks of Great Britain. 46 4.2.3 They Clays of Central and Southern England . 47
Continence Is Not Affected after Sling Revision with Transvaginal Tape Elongation for Post-Sling Voiding Dysfunction

Voiding dysfunction (VD) after sling operation is not uncommon. Sling revisions by incision/excision are usually effective; however, they may result in recurrent stress urinary incontinence (SUI). We aimed to evaluate continence status after an innovative sling revision procedure that preserves the integrity of the sling. Patients who underwent either a single-incision (AJUST) or a trans-obturator (TVT-O) mid-urethral sling were studied. Transvaginal tape elongation (i.e., sling midline incision and mesh interposition) was performed on patients with post-sling VD. Factors that may affect recurrent SUI were investigated by statistical analyses. Of 119 patients, 90 (75.6%) (45 AJUST and 45 TVT-O) were available for long-term (median 9; 8–10 years) follow-up. A significantly higher rate (17.2% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.014) of VD was noted after AJUST (N = 10) than after TVT-O (N = 2). After sling revision, four (33%) of the 12 cases reported recurrent SUI, which was not significantly different (p = 1.000) from the rate (37%, 29/78) of patients who did not undergo sling revision. Further statistical analyses revealed no significant predisposing factors affecting the recurrence of SUI. Surgical continence did not seem to be affected by having had sling revision with transvaginal tape elongation for post-sling VD.
Empowerment effect on competence and organizational commitments: Organizational learning culture as moderating

Every organization in Industry 4.0 must adapt to technological advancements. In Industry 4.0, workforce features must transform weaknesses into opportunities for organizational synergies. Workers in Industry 4.0 are mostly from the millennial age. When paired with prior generations who have worked in the organization, there will be multi-generational management. Companies face significant challenges in selecting inventive millennial personnel and managing, empowering, and measuring performance to achieve maximum productivity. The purpose of this study is to explain the direct influence of employee empowerment on employee competency and organizational commitment, with a corporate learning culture serving as a moderator. Data from PT. BRI Martadinata Malang Branch Office employees were collected and analyzed using a structural equation model using partial least squares and WarpPLS 6.0 software. According to the findings of this study, employee empowerment has a considerable impact on employee competency and organizational commitment. An organizational learning culture modifies the impact of employee empowerment on organizational commitment.
Associations between Genomic Variants and Antifungal Susceptibilities in the Archived Global Candida auris Population

Candida auris is a recently emerged human fungal pathogen that has posed a significant threat to public health. Since its first identification in 2009, this fungus has caused nosocomial infections in over 47 countries across all inhabited continents. As of May 2023, the whole-genome sequences of over 4000 strains have been reported and a diversity of mutations, including in genes known to be associated with drug resistance in other human fungal pathogens, have been described. Among them, 387 strains contained antifungal-susceptibility information for which different methods might be used depending on the drugs and/or investigators. In most reports on C. auris so far, the number of strains analyzed was very small, from one to a few dozen, and the statistical significance of the relationships between these genetic variants and their antifungal susceptibilities could not be assessed. In this study, we conducted genome-wide association studies on individual clades based on previously published C. auris isolates to investigate the statistical association between genomic variants and susceptibility differences to nine antifungal drugs belonging to four major drug categories: 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin. Due to the small sample sizes for Clades II, V, and VI, this study only assessed Clades I, III, and IV. Our analyses revealed 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Clade I (10 in coding and 5 in noncoding regions), 24 SNPs in Clade III (11 in coding and 13 in noncoding regions), and 13 SNPs in clade IV (10 in coding and 3 in noncoding regions) as statistically significantly associated with susceptibility differences to one or more of the nine antifungal drugs. While four SNPs in genes encoding lanosterol 14-α-demethylase (ERG11) and the catalytic subunit of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase (FKS1) were shared between clades, including the experimentally confirmed Ser639Phe/Pro missense substitutions in FKS1 for echinocandin resistance, most of the identified SNPs were clade specific, consistent with their recent independent origins. Interestingly, the majority of the antifungal resistance-associated SNPs were novel, and in genes and intergenic regions that have never been reported before as associated with antifungal resistance. While targeted study is needed to confirm the role of each novel SNP, the diverse mechanisms of drug resistance in C. auris revealed here indicate both challenges for infection control and opportunities for the development of novel antifungal drugs against this and other human fungal pathogens.
Chemical characterization of sunflower oil oxidized by UV and ozone with different degrees of oxidation and study of their antimicrobial action

Oxidation by the action of ozone takes place at high rates and involves the reaction of ozone molecules with fatty acid double bonds followed by the formation of stable oxidation products with biological activity. In the present work, a comparative study on sunflower oil oxidized by ultraviolet (UV) light and ozone was carried out. This study involved the chemical characterization of sunflower oil oxidized by UV irradiation and ozonation, in addition to assessing the germicidal activity of oxidized oils obtained under various conditions. The results indicated that under the conditions studied, the increase in the dose of UV irradiation did not produce significant changes in the level of oxidation of the oil. Ozonation promoted the formation of oxygenated compounds at higher rates, increasing in concentration as the applied dosage of ozone increased. The germicidal activity of the oils behaved similarly, with considerably higher activity found in the ozonized oils.
Soil compaction caused by harvesting, skidding and wood processing in eucalyptus forests on coarse‐textured tropical soils

Eucalyptus forests play a major role in the world economy, providing raw materials for different purposes. In planted forests, harvest operations performed by heavy machinery may cause severe soil compaction. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a full‐tree harvesting system in planted eucalyptus forests from Northeastern Brazil. Different soils were evaluated (two Hapludults and one Haplorthod) in two horizons (BA and Bt). We tested different equipment, namely feller buncher, skidder (with traffic intensities of 3, 6, 12 and 16 passes), flail (at different ground‐contact points), grapple saw and loader. The soil physical attributes reflected not only the impact of equipment traffic but also the intrinsic differences between the soils. Bulk density (ranging from 1.36 to 1.80 t m−3 after trafficking) related well to soil class and horizon. Precompression stress (ranging from 203 to 430 kPa) and degree of compaction (76%–94%) following trafficking were well correlated, while increase in bulk density (reaching a maximum of 20%) related more strongly to soil moisture. A contingency table was constructed with the number of compacted samples and further examined by correspondence analysis. Compaction varied according to soil, horizon and equipment, indicating that machine–soil interactions are very specific and demand detailed research under different conditions. The Haplorthod experienced the greatest amount of compaction, whereas the Hapludult‐2 was more resistant (60% and 25% of compacted samples, respectively). The grapple saw and the skidder at higher traffic intensities (12 and 16 passes) exerted the highest mechanical impacts (81% and 67% of compacted samples, respectively).
Learning Semantic Behavior for Human Mobility Trajectory Recovery

—Trajectory recovery aims to restore missing data for reconstructing high-quality human mobility trajectory, which benefits a wide range of intelligent transportation system applications ranging from urban planning to travel recommendation. Inspired by the inherent regularity of human mobility, existing approaches capture spatial-temporal transition regularities in historical trajectory for data recovery. Although promising, existing solutions suffer from two limitations. i) These methods fail to recover occasionally-visited points (OVP) due to the lack of semantic information when learning spatial-temporal transition regularities. ii) The information before and after missing data is not be fully utilized for trajectory recovery. To overcome the limitations, we propose a novel semantic-aware trajectory recovery framework. First, we leverage heterogeneous information network (HIN) to encode various semantic correlations for obtaining rich semantic embeddings, which are fused with temporal information to form spatial-temporal semantic context. Then, we develop a behavior attention mechanism to capture semantic behavior transition regularities for trajectory recovery based on the bidirectional spatial-temporal semantic context before and after missing data. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets show that our proposed method outperforms
Post-glacial sedimentation rate and patterns in six lakes of the Kokemäenjoki upper watercourse, Finland

Sediment distribution and accumulation in a chain of five lakes and Paajarvi, southern Finland for the last ca. 10 000 years were investigated using acoustic sounding profiles. Lake bathymetry, catchment relief, geology and locations of input creeks and ditches have a critical effect on sedimentary dynamics in the study lakes. These factors cause considerable within-lake variation in the sediment depositions. Typically, the majority of accumulating matter and nutrients are removed from the flow system in sedimentation pools, which are seldom evident on bottom topography alone. However, detailed geological study can provide this information. The physical properties of long sediment sequences from each lake were investigated and dated using a palaeomagnetic dating method. The long-term sediment composition in the study lakes appeared to be more dependent on regional environmental factors, i.e. climate, whereas the rate of sedimentation was connected with soil types and land use in the immediate catchment area.
Object Tracking in Satellite Videos With Distractor–Occlusion-Aware Correlation Particle Filters

With the advancement of high-resolution remote sensing satellites, the tracking of high-value targets such as planes and ships within satellite videos has become imperative. In recent years, several object tracking methods designed for satellite videos based on correlation filters have been proposed. However, these traditional correlation filters typically identify the location with the highest response value on the response map as the target position. In the context of satellite videos, where targets are often very small and surrounded by numerous similar objects, depending only on response values to determine the target’s location can easily lead to interference from nearby objects, resulting in tracking failures. Moreover, targets frequently encounter occlusion during their motion, further complicating tracking tasks due to the absence of distinctive target appearance features and leading to the issue of model drift. To address these challenges, we propose a novel distractor–occlusion-aware correlation particle filters. Instead of determining the position with the maximum response value, our method initially selects the top $k$ response values from the response map, creating a pool of candidates. Subsequently, we introduce an innovative quality score, rooted in motion information and response scores related to the target, for each candidate. Finally, these quality scores are employed to filter the most suitable candidate. This novel distractor-aware module effectively equips our tracking method to perform well in the presence of distractors. Additionally, to handle occlusion, we integrate the occlusion-aware module into the correlation particle filters, improving the tracker’s performance in occluded scenarios. To ensure the effective collaboration of the distractor-aware module and the occlusion-aware module, we introduce the dual Kalman Filter method. Our comprehensive experiments conducted on the SatSOT datasets conclusively demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed tracking method. The code will be available at https://github.com/liyangfan0/DOCPF.
FOREST RESILIENCE FOLLOWING SEVERE WILDFIRE IN A SEMI-URBAN NATIONAL PARK

hen most of us think of forest fires, we likely invoke images of the 1988 fires in Yellowstone or the 2013 Rim Fire in Yosemite—wildfires in national parks or national forests far away from urban areas. Over the last half century, we’ve learned volumes about the importance of wildfires in these large, relatively remote expanses of forest. But what about forests that exist within a morning commute from places like San Francisco or Los Angeles? What role does fire play in the coastal conifer forests that neighbor some of the major cities in California? CALIFORNIA CLOSEDCONE PINE FOREST
Efekt dnia tygodnia na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie

W pracy zbadano występowanie efektu dnia tygodnia na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych S.A. w Warszawie (GPW) w okresie od stycznia 2002 do grudnia 2005. W tym celu posłużono się modelami autoregresyjnymi z warunkową heteroskedastycznością GARCH. Okazało się, że efekt sezonowości dziennej jest obecny w wyraźny sposób w równaniach na średnią i w słabszy w równaniach na wariancję warunkową. W równaniach średniej statystycznie istotne okazały się wysokie stopu zwrotu osiągane w poniedziałki i piątki. W wypadku wariancji warunkowej wychwycono podwyższoną zmienność poniedziałkową