Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preservation of dendritic spine morphology and postsynaptic signaling markers after treatment with solid lipid curcumin particles in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Background Synaptic failure is one of the principal events associated with cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Preservation of existing synapses and prevention of synaptic loss are promising strategies to preserve cognitive function in AD patients. As a potent natural anti-oxidant, anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory polyphenol, curcumin (Cur) shows great promise as a therapy for AD. However, hydrophobicity of natural Cur limits its solubility, stability, bioavailability and clinical utility for AD therapy. We have demonstrated that solid lipid curcumin particles (SLCP) have greater therapeutic potential than natural Cur in vitro and in vivo models of AD. In the present study, we have investigated whether SLCP has any preservative role on affected dendritic spines and synaptic markers in 5xFAD mice.Methods Six- and 12-month-old 5xFAD and age-matched wild-type mice received oral administration of SLCP (100 mg/kg body weight) or equivalent amounts of vehicle for 2 months. Neuronal morphology, neurodegeneration and amyloid plaque load were investigated from prefrontal cortex (PFC), entorhinal cortex (EC), CA1, CA3 and the subicular complex (SC). Further, dendritic spine density of apical and basal branches were studied by Golgi-Cox stain. Further, synaptic markers, such as synaptophysin, PSD95, Shank, Homer, Drebrin, kalirin-7, CREB and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) were studied using Western blots. Finally, cognitive and motor functions were assessed using open field, novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks after treatment with SLCP.Results We observed an increase number of pyknotic and degenerated cells in all these brain areas in 5xFAD mice and SLCP treatment partially protected against those losses. Decrease in dendritic arborization and dendritic spine density from primary and secondary apical and basal branches were observed in PFC, EC, CA1, CA3 in both 6- and 12-month-old 5xFAD mice and SLCP treatments partially preserved the normal morphology of these dendritic spines. In addition, pre- and post-synaptic protein markers were also restored by SLCP treatment. Furthermore, SLCP treatment improved NOR and cognitive function in 5xFAD mice.Conclusions Overall, these findings indicate that use of SLCP exerts neuroprotective properties by decreasing amyloid plaque burden, preventing neuronal death, as well as preservation of dendritic spine density and synaptic markers in the 5xFAD mice.
Development of a Questionnaire to Measure Public Perceptions of the Role of Community Pharmacy in Public Health (PubPharmQ)

Background: Community pharmacies are well placed to provide public-health interventions within primary care settings. This study aimed to establish the general public’s perceptions of community pharmacy-based public-health services in the UK by designing a structured questionnaire to assess the barriers and facilitators to optimizing this role. Methods: A standardized questionnaire was developed informed by the literature, additional semi-structured interviews, and synthesis of key findings with the authors’ previous research based on data generated from eight focus groups. The original 42-item questionnaire was distributed online from May to June 2021 via social media platforms to capture the views of non-regular pharmacy users. Following exploratory factor analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha analysis, total Likert scale response scores were calculated. Results: Of the 306 responders, 76.8% were female with a mean age of 34.5 years (SD = 15.09). The most prevalent pharmacy use reported was 1–2 times a year (28.1%). Exploratory factor analysis revealed four scales: Expertise, Role in Public Health, Privacy, and Relationship (18 items) with acceptable internal consistency and good face and content validity. Awareness of well-established pharmacy services was high; however, responders demonstrated poor awareness of public-health-related services and low recognition of pharmacy expertise for this role. A lack of an established relationship with community pharmacies and privacy concerns were also perceived barriers. Conclusions: Based on these findings, considerable effort is needed to increase public awareness and address these concerns if strategic plans to utilize community pharmacy in the delivery of public-health policy are to be successful. The PubPharmQ provides a novel, structured questionnaire to measure the public’s perceptions of community pharmacy’s role in public health.
Frontal lobe volume, function, and beta-amyloid pathology in a canine model of aging

Application of MRI techniques reveals that human brain aging varies across cortical regions. One area particularly sensitive to normal aging is the frontal lobes. In vitro neuropathological studies and behavioral measures in a canine model of aging previously suggested that the frontal lobes of the dog might be sensitive to aging. In the present study, MRI scans were acquired to compare age-related changes in frontal lobe volume with changes in executive function and β-amyloid pathology in the frontal cortex of beagle dogs aged 3 months to 15 years. Decreases in total brain volume appeared only in senior dogs (age 12 and older) while frontal lobe atrophy developed earlier, appearing in the old dogs (aged 8-11 years). Hippocampal volume also declined with age but not occipital lobe volume past maturity. Reduced frontal lobe volume correlated with impaired performance on measures of executive function including inhibitory control and complex working memory, and with increased β-amyloid accumulation in the frontal cortex. Age-related hippocampal atrophy also correlated with complex working memory but not inhibitory control, whereas occipital lobe volume did not correlate with any cognitive measure. These findings are consistent with the frontal lobe theory of aging in humans, which suggests that the frontal lobes and functions subserved by this region are compromised early in aging.
Validation of GOCE Gravity Field Models by Means of Geoid Comparisons and Orbit Fits

Introduction: Three GOCE based gravity field solutions have been computed by ESA’s High-level Processing Facility and were released to the user community. All models are accompanied by variancecovariance information resulting from the least squares procedure. In order to obtain independent external quality parameters and to assess the current performance of these models a set of independent tests based on satellite orbit determination and geoid comparisons is applied. Both test methods can be regarded as complementary because they either investigate the performance in the long wavelength spectral domain (orbit determination) or in the high frequency spatial domain (geoid comparisons). The test procedure was applied to the three GOCE gravity field solutions and to a number of selected prelaunch models for comparison. Selected results are presented in the figures on this poster.
THE EMERGING INTERNATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS MARKET

The emerging market for greenhouse gases, developed over the past five years, has been driven partly by ongoing international global climate change treaty negotiations. It is likely that this treaty will impose limitations on greenhouse gas emissions. Successful emissions trading programs have been established over the past ten years, including the sulfur dioxide trading program incorporated into the U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990. These successful emissions trading programs have shaped the market. This paper discusses: (1) initiatives and programs that have produced a framework for early policy and trades development; (2) characteristics of the emerging market for greenhouse gases and major features of early negotiations; (3) how the ongoing concurrent international and domestic climate change policy development will lead to a potential evolution of the market; and (4) possible scenarios of the U.S. response to climate change.
Modelling spatial variability of cultivated Saccharina latissima in a Dutch coastal bay shows benefits of co-cultivation with shellfish

Cultivation of Saccharina latissima , a brown macroalga, is fast developing in Europe and North America for the sustainable production of food and biorefinery materials and important ecosystem services. Prior studies have demonstrated large spatial variability in the yield and chemical composition of the cultivated S. latissima , even within a small coastal bay. Using a validated hydrodynamic-biogeochemical-kelp model, this study examined main drivers of the spatial variability in S. latissima growth dynamics in 40 hypothetical farms throughout a Dutch coastal bay, the Eastern Scheldt. Results indicate that temperature plays a primary role in driving the spatial variability. For example, S. latissima yield in the deeper and better flushed western part is more than double that in the eastern part, mainly due to its 2–3 ◦ C warmer seawater in winter. It is also found that S. latissima benefits from co-cultivation with shellfish, since nutrients excreted by shellfish replenish its nitrogen reserve, which fuels a relatively high growth rate in the nitrogen-depleted late spring. The model assessment offers insight into optimal potential locations of S. latissima farms in the Eastern Scheldt. Applicability of our modelling approach to other coastal ecosystems and possible further improvements for assisting in seaweed farming practice are discussed.
An integrated sedimentological, ichnological and sequence stratigraphic study in the Devonian-Carboniferous Bakken Formation of subsurface southeastern Saskatchewan

The Upper Devonian–Lower Carboniferous Bakken Formation is a widespread siliciclastic unit in the subsurface of the Williston Basin that is subdivided into three members: lower and upper organic-rich shale members and a dolomitic silty and sandy middle member. Although in the last years the unit has become one of the most active oil plays in North America and numerous sedimentological studies have been made, no consensus about the depositional environments of the middle member has been achieved. Previous studies suggested a number of depositional and sequence-stratigraphic scenarios, including lowstand offshore-shoreface, normal-regressive offshore-shoreface, incised estuary, and falling-stage shoreface complexes for the middle member. In this paper, a new depositional and sequence-stratigraphic model is proposed, and compared with some previous interpretations. This new model includes a basal transgressive systems tract embracing shelf deposits, a highstand systems tract comprising shelf to lower shoreface environments, and an upper transgressive systems tract encompassing a brackish-water embayment complex and offshore to shelf settings. Petrophysical characterization of the sedimentary facies reveals that (i) bay-mouth cross-stratified fine-grained sandstone, (ii) flaser-bedded very fine-grained sandstone formed in wave-dominated tidal flats, (iii) offshore-transition highly bioturbated interbedded very fine-grained sandstone and siltstone, and (iv) tidal-flat very fine-grained sandstone with common mud drapes posses the best reservoir qualities. Recognition of a restricted embayment within the Bakken middle member has major implications for both exploration and production. Embayment facies with good reservoir quality constitute good oil prospects in localized areas, while fully marine facies may represent good oil prospects of more regional extent.
An investigation of the inelastic behaviour of trabecular bone during the press-fit implantation of a tibial component in total

The stress distribution and plastic deformation of component implantation in total knee arthroplasty is investigated using experimental and finite element techniques. It is revealed that the computed stress distribution, implantation force and plastic deformation in the trabecular bone is highly dependent on the plasticity formulation implemented. By incorporating pressure dependent yielding using a crushable foam plasticity formulation to simulate the trabecular bone during implantation, highly localised stress concentrations and plastic deformation are computed at the bone-implant interface. If the pressure dependent yield is neglected using a traditional von Mises plasticity formulation, a significantly different stress distribution and implantation force is computed in the peri-prosthetic trabecular bone. The results of the study highlight the importance of: (i) simulating the insertion process of press-fit stem implantation; (ii) implementing a pressure dependent plasticity formulation, such as the crushable foam plasticity formulation, for the trabecular bone; (iii) incorporating friction at the implant-bone interface during stem insertion. Simulation of the press-fit implantation process with an appropriate pressure dependent plasticity formulation should be implemented in the design and assessment of arthroplasty prostheses. foam plasticity formulation to capture the inelastic pressure dependent behaviour of the trabecular material during the macroscale press-fit implantation of a TKA tibial component. The study also investigates the potential inaccuracies that result from the commonly adopted von Mises (VM) plasticity formulation to model the inelastic behaviour of the trabecular bone. Experimental implantation of a tibial component into a synthetic tibia is also performed and the results are compared to the computed results for both plasticity formulations.
Estimate of hepatocellular carcinoma’s incidence in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis

275 words/ 275) Background and aims: The CIRRAL cohort aimed to assess the burden of complications in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, particularly the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with biopsy-proven compensated alcoholic cirrhosis were included then prospectively followed. The main end point was the incidence of HCC. Secondary outcomes were incidence of hepatic focal lesions, overall survival (OS), liver-related mortality and event-free survival (EFS). Results: From October 2010 to April 2016, 652 patients were included in 22 French and Belgian centers. During follow-up (median 29 months), HCC was diagnosed in 43 patients. With the limitation derived from the uncertainty of consecutive patients’ inclusion and from a
Progression rate of ALSFRS-R at time of diagnosis predicts survival time in ALS

The authors calculated the progression rate (ΔFS) using the total revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and symptom duration at diagnosis in 82 Japanese patients with ALS. Survival (death or tracheostomy) differed significantly with the ΔFS and postdiagnostic period according to log-rank testing, but Cox proportional hazards modeling revealed no strong association between total ALSFRS-R and mortality, suggesting that the ΔFS provides an additional predictive index beyond ALSFRS-R alone.
Clinical profile and treatment outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is one of the major cause of in-hospital mortality rates globally. The current study was conducted to study the etiological profile, severity and management of acute kidney injury. Methods: The study was a prospective observational study, conducted in the department general medicine, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical college and Hospital, Permabalur, Tamil Nadu. The study population included all the patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with acute Kidney injury (AKI) between January 2015 to December 2016. All the study participants were recruited to the study by convenient sampling. Descriptive analysis was carried out by frequency and proportion for categorical variables. Results: A total of 100 subjects were included. Participants were almost uniformly distributed in each of a decadal age group till above 60 years. Males (57%) were slightly higher than females (43%). Oliguria was present in 88% of the study population. The most common etiology was acute diarrhoeal disease (44%), followed by multiple infections in 12% and Sepsis in 10% of the subjects. As per RIFLE criteria 46% participants were at risk, 26.0% had injury, 28% had failure. All at risk people were treated conservatively, among injury category, 38.5% were treated by haemodialysis and 3.84% by peritoneal dialysis. In failure group, 60.71% and 3.57% were treated by haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis respectively. Conclusions: Acute kidney Injury (AKI) can be a consequence of varied aetiologies and all the age groups and both the genders at risk of developing it. RIFLE criteria may be a useful tool in guiding the management.
Novel actions of sclerostin on bone

The discovery that two rare autosomal recessive high bone mass conditions were caused by the loss of sclerostin expression prompted studies into its role in bone homeostasis. In this article, we aim to bring together the wealth of information relating to sclerostin in bone though discussion of rare human disorders in which sclerostin is reduced or absent, sclerostin manipulation via genetic approaches and treatment with antibodies that neutralise sclerostin in animal models and in human. Together, these findings demonstrate the importance of sclerostin as a regulator of bone homeostasis and provide valuable insights into its biological mechanism of action. We summarise the current state of knowledge in the field, including the current understanding of the direct effects of sclerostin on the canonical WNT signalling pathway and the actions of sclerostin as an inhibitor of bone formation. We review the effects of sclerostin, and its inhibition, on bone at the cellular and tissue level and discuss new findings that suggest that sclerostin may also regulate adipose tissue. Finally, we highlight areas in which future research is expected to yield additional insights into the biology of sclerostin.
Transient and rapid QRS widening associated with J-wave pattern predicts impending ventricular fibrillation in experimental myocardial infarction

Background: Certain types of the early repolarization (ER) phenomenon, previously considered to be benign, have been reported to be associated with ventricular fibrillation (VF), both in population-based studies and in the myocardial infarction (MI) settings. Objective: Our aim was to analyse whether QRS widening and appearance of Jwave-pattern in experimental MI settings is predictive of VF. Methods: MI was induced in 32 pigs by 40-min inflation of an angioplasty balloon in the left descending artery (LAD) and ECG was continuously recorded. Multilead QRS boundaries were computed, and QRS duration was calculated on a beat-to-beat basis during the occlusion period for each pig. Association between QRS-widening and subsequent VF was studied using ROC-curve analysis. ECGs at maximum QRSduration were reviewed for the presence of J-wave pattern. Results: Sixteen animals had VF episodes during occlusion period. Two peaks of QRS widening were found in all animals: the first peak immediately on LAD occlusion, and the second peak 19.1±4.0 min later. The magnitude of changes in the QRS width over time had significant interindividual differences. QRS-widening ≥28 ms during a 3-min time window was observed in 14 animals and predicted impending VF (Se=80%, Sp=73%, PPV=57%, NPV=89%, p=0.008). In 10 of the 14 pigs, Jwave pattern appeared at maximal QRS duration. Appearance of J-wave-pattern predicted VF with Se=80%, Sp=68%, PPV=53%, NPV=88% p=0.02. Conclusions: Transient QRS widening, commonly associated with J-wave pattern, appears to predict impending VF in acute ischemia settings and motivates further clinical studies for monitoring immediate risk of VF in MI.
ANALISA FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MENJADI KENDALA PELAKSANAAN SISTEM RESI GUDANG (SRG) KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO

Penelitian ini merupakan hasil penelitian tentang Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Petani di Kabupaten Bojonegoro Dengan P rogram Pemerintah Sistem Resi Gudang (SRG). Turunnya harga pada saat panen raya sebagai akibat dari besarnya pasokan dibanding dengan kemampuan pasar untuk menyerapnya. Pada saat yang sama petani butuh dana atau modal untuk keberalangsungan usahanya tetapi tetap menginginkan menjual hasil panennya dengan harga yang terbaik. Salah satu program Pemerintah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani adalah Sistem Resi Gudang (SRG). Manfaat Sistem Resi Gudang (SRG) adalah mengatasi kesulitan yang dihadapi para pelaku usaha, terutama petani/kelompok tani, koperasi dan UKM, atas akses pembiayaan untuk modal kerja dari bank ataupun lembaga keuangan non-bank. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk m engidentifikasi factor-faktor yang yang menjadi kendala program Sistem Resi Gudang (SRG) di kabupaten Bojonegoro . Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis data interaktif Miles dan Huberman yaitu, data collection, data reduction, data display dan conclusion drawing/verification . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Faktor yang menjadi kendala pelaksanaan program Sistem Resi Gudang (SRG) dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani di Kabupaten Bojonegoro adalah tidak ada pengelola gudang untuk saat ini karena habisnya masa pendampingan PT. Pertani terakhir tahun 2015, letak gudang yang jauh sehingga ada biaya transport dan tenaga untuk mengantar hasil komoditinya di gudang SRG, serta minat dari petani kurang karena kepemilikan sawah yang sedikit dan petani belum banyak yang memahami akan manfaat adanya keberadaan gudang komoditi SRG Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Saran yang direkomendasikan adalah h arus ada dukungan dari pemerintah Kabupaten Bojonegoro karena Program Sistem Resi Gudang (SRG) termasuk hal yang baru, terutama penyediaan anggaran APBD untuk pendampingan pengelola gudang dan menyiapkan calon pengelola gudang sehingga tidak terjadi kekosongan pengelola gudang dan sosialisasi dan edukasi mengenai Sistem.
Seroepidemiology of emerging sandly-borne phleboviruses : technical optimization and seroprevalence studies in the Mediterranean basin

Parmi les phlebovirus (famille des Bunyaviridae, genre Phlebovirus), ceux qui sont transmis par les phlebotomes de l'Ancien Monde sont largement distribues dans le bassin mediterraneen. Les infections humaines causees certains de ces phlebovirus sont connues depuis longtemps, mais elles restent tout de meme negligees en medecine en raison de l'absence de donnees epidemiologiques solides (probleme des reactions croisees) et d'outils de diagnostic rapides et fiables.La premiere partie de cette these a ete consacree a l'optimisation d'un test de neutralisation du virus pour etudier la seroprevalence de 5 virus, et leur capacite respective a infecter les humains et les animaux.La deuxieme partie visait a mesurer la seroprevalence de phlebovirus appartenant aux 3 complexes antigeniques transmis par les phlebotomes dans le bassin mediterraneen (Sandfly fever Naples, Sandfly fever Sicilian et Salehabad). Ces etudes ont ete menees sur des serums de chiens et de chats en Tunisie, Portugal, Grece/Chypre.La troisieme partie a montre la capacite de virus recemment decouverts dans le serocomplexe Salehabad (Adana et Medjerda valley virus) a infecter l'homme et les animaux traduisant un potentiel pathogene a explorer par des etudes specifiques.La derniere partie a demontre la presence du virus Toscana en Kabylie (Algerie du Nord), et l'exposition extremement elevee des populations humaines vivant dans la region, avec des prevalence 10 fois plus elevees que dans les regions les plus a risque du sud-est de la France.