Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
About a Large Botryoid Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Little Girl: Management Difficulties and Literature Review

Background Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare high-grade malignant tumor and the most common soft-tissue sarcoma, which occurs in young girl over 5 years old. Multimodality treatment associating with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy culminate in a >70% overall 5-year survival. This is the first case reported in 30 years of practice in Côte d'Ivoire, low- and middle-income country (LMIC). Objective To summarize clinical data, the significant alternative chemotherapy efficiency and difficulties related to the prognosis evaluation in an LMIC. Case A 2-year-old girl had been examined for a large mass in the vulvar region and clitoris. We carried out a biopsy for histopathologist exam. This allows pathologic, genetic, and biological characterization of nonmetastatic botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. A multidisciplinary team decision of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was retained combining vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and actinomycin D or alternatively with Adriamycin. After 3 weeks of chemotherapy, significant volumetric reduction of tumor was observed. Yet a surgical removal was proposed but not performed because the patient has no longer consulted our medical center and was lost to follow-up. Therefore, we cannot assess the long-term evolution and prognosis. Conclusion Embryonal RMS (ERMS) of clitoris is a rare malignant tumor of infant. Histology and immunohistochemistry are essential for diagnostic but unavailable in our context. We want to emphasize on the difficulties encountered in treatment and prognosis assessment. The primary free surgical removal of the vulva with adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy must then be implemented in our practice.
The Stability of Dense Oceanic Crust Near the Core‐Mantle Boundary

The large low‐shear‐velocity provinces (LLSVPs) are thought to be thermo‐chemical in nature, with recycled oceanic crust (OC) being a contender for the source of the chemical heterogeneity. The melting process which forms OC concentrates heat producing elements (HPEs) within it which, over time, may cause any collected piles of OC to destabilize, limiting their suitability to explain LLSVPs. Despite this, most geodynamic studies which include recycling of OC consider only homogeneous heating rates. We perform a suite of spherical, three‐dimensional mantle convection simulations to investigate how buoyancy number, geochemical model and heating model affects the ability of recycled OC to accumulate at the core‐mantle boundary. Our results agree with others that only a narrow range of buoyancy numbers allow OC to form piles in the lower mantle which remain stable to present day. We demonstrate that heterogeneous radiogenic heating causes piles to destabilize more readily, reducing present day CMB coverage from 63% to 47%. Consequently, the choice of geochemical model can influence pile formation. Geochemical models which lead to high internal heating rates can cause more rapid replenishment of piles, increasing their longevity. Where piles do remain to present day, first order comparisons suggest that old (hot) OC material can produce seismic characteristics, such as Vs anomalies, similar to those of LLSVPs. Given the range of current density estimates for lower mantle mineral phases, subducted OC remains a contender for the chemical component of thermo‐chemical LLSVPs.
Nonlinear equation for a curved stationary flame and the flame velocity

A nonlinear equation for a curved stationary flame subject to the Darrieus–Landau instability is obtained for an arbitrary ratio of the fuel density and the density of the burnt matter under the assumptions of a thin flame front and weak nonlinearity. On the basis of the nonlinear equation the velocity of a two-dimensional curved stationary flame is calculated. The obtained velocity is in a good agreement with the results of two-dimensional simulations of flame dynamics in tubes.
Vortices in film flow over strongly undulated bottom profiles at low Reynolds numbers

We present an experimental study of gravity driven films flowing down sinusoidal bottom profiles of high waviness. We find vortices in the valleys of the undulated bottom profile. They are observed at low Reynolds numbers down to the order of 10−5. The vortices are visualized employing a particle image velocimeter with fluorescent tracers. It turns out that the vortices are generated beyond a critical film thickness. Their size tends to a finite value for thick films. The critical film thickness depends on the waviness of the bottom undulation, the inclination angle, and on the surface tension but not on the Reynolds number. Increasing the waviness, a second vortex can be generated.
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in a Pediatric Population: Estimating the Risk of Recurrence and Evolution Over Time

Background Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine cancer during childhood, and the prognosis is usually good. The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) pediatric guidelines for DTC classify patients into three categories (low, intermediate, and high) that represent the risk for persistent/recurrent disease. The "Dynamic Risk Stratification" (DRS) System showed that, in adults, reassessment of disease status during follow-up was a better predictor of disease status at the end of follow-up when compared to ATA risk stratification. This system is still not validated for the pediatric population with DTC. Our aim was to evaluate the usefulness of the DRS system in predicting DTC disease behaviour in this specific population. We also aimed to evaluate potential clinical-pathological factors associated with persistent disease at the end of follow-up. Methods A retrospective analysis of 39 pediatric patients (≤18 years) with DTC was conducted in our institution between 2007 and 2018, including 33 patients who had follow-up ≥ 12 months; these were classified into ATA risk groups and re-stratified according to their response to treatment at 12-24 months of follow-up. The associations between the ordinal variables of the baseline ATA risk group and the disease status re-evaluated 12-24 months after diagnosis (as per the DRS system) and at the end of follow-up were evaluated using a linear-by-linear association test. Gender, age at diagnosis, tumor size, multicentricity, extrathyroid extension, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) during the first RAI administration were evaluated as potential factors associated with persistent disease at 27 months after diagnosis using Firth's bias-reduced penalized-likelihood logistic regression. Results In this study, 39 patients were retrospectively analyzed, including 33 patients who had follow-ups ≥ 12 months with a median time of 56 (27-139) months who were classified in ATA risk groups and then re-stratified depending on their response to treatment between 12 and 24 months of follow-up. There was a statistically significant association between ATA risk groups and re-evaluation at 12 and 24 months (p=0.001) and between these two stratifications and the state of disease at final follow-up (p<0.001 for both). Factors with a statistically significant association with persistent disease at 27 months of follow-up were male sex, lymph node metastases at diagnosis, distant metastasis, extrathyroidal extension, and stimulated Tg values. Conclusions The assessment of the response to treatment between 12 and 24 months and at the end of follow-up refines the initial ATA risk stratification, confirming that dynamic risk evaluation is also helpful in the pediatric population.
On-Site Solid Waste Handling Practice and Associated Factors among Condominium Residents in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background Solid waste is one type of waste that is released from human day-to-day activities and it is considered useless or unwanted for further use. Population growth, rapid urbanization, a booming economy, and an increase in the standards of living of the community have substantially enhanced the rate of solid waste generation in developing countries. Solid wastes can be used as a resource for industrial production or energy generation. However, it causes environmental and human health problems due to poor management. There is scanty information about on-site solid waste management practice in the study area. Therefore, assessing on-site solid management practices and their associated factors, especially for condominium residents is very important. Objective To assess on-site solid waste handling practice and its associated factors among condominium residents in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia, 2021. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to June 15/2021 among condominium residents in Gondar city. The study included a total of 450 condominium households, with a 99.3% response rate. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. Those variables which have a p value <0.25 in the bivariate analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. A p value of less than 0.05 with 95% CI was considered a statistically significant factor. Result In this study, 79.8% with 95% CI (76.4%, 83.3%) of condominium residents had poor on-site solid waste handling practices. The finding also showed that 42.2% and 50.2% of study participants have favorable attitudes and good knowledge towards on-site solid waste handling practices, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, male household heads (AOR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.11–3.28), large family size (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.03–3.40), negative attitude towards on-site solid waste handling practices (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.07–3.00), not receiving training (AOR = 3.40; 95% CI, 1.77–6.55), and not having legal enforcement (AOR = 2.85; 95% CI, 1.39–5.84) were significantly associated with on-site solid waste handling practices. Conclusion The on-site solid waste handling practice of condominium households was very poor. The provision of training and enforcement of rules regarding solid waste handling is necessary.
Numerical challenges in the application of density functional theory to biology and nanotechnology

This paper summarizes our efforts to develop fast algorithms for density functional theory (DFT) calculations of inhomogeneous fluids. Our goal is to apply DFTs to a variety of problems in nanotechnology and biology. To this end we have developed DFT codes to treat both atomic fluid models and polymeric fluids. We have developed both three-dimensional real space and Fourier space algorithms. The former rely on a matrix-based Newton’s method while the latter couple fast Fourier transforms with a matrix-free Newton’s method. Efficient computation of phase diagrams and investigation of multiple solutions is facilitated with phase transition tracking algorithms and arclength continuation algorithms. We have explored the performance that can be obtained by application of massively parallel computing, and have begun application of the codes to a variety of two-and three-dimensional systems. In this paper, we summarize our algorithm development work as well as briefly discuss a few applications including adsorption and transport in ion channel proteins, capillary condensation in disordered porous media and confinement effects in a diblock copolymer fluid.
HEAVY‐TAILED‐DISTRIBUTED THRESHOLD STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY MODELS IN FINANCIAL TIME SERIES

To capture mean and variance asymmetries and time‐varying volatility in financial time series, we generalize the threshold stochastic volatility (THSV) model and incorporate a heavy‐tailed error distribution. Unlike existing stochastic volatility models, this model simultaneously accounts for uncertainty in the unobserved threshold value and in the time‐delay parameter. Self‐exciting and exogenous threshold variables are considered to investigate the impact of a number of market news variables on volatility changes. Adopting a Bayesian approach, we use Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to estimate all unknown parameters and latent variables. A simulation experiment demonstrates good estimation performance for reasonable sample sizes. In a study of two international financial market indices, we consider two variants of the generalized THSV model, with US market news as the threshold variable. Finally, we compare models using Bayesian forecasting in a value‐at‐risk (VaR) study. The results show that our proposed model can generate more accurate VaR forecasts than can standard models.
Attributing Past Carbon Fluxes to CO2 and Climate Change: Respiration Response to CO2 Fertilization Shifts Regional Distribution of the Carbon Sink

Over the past century, increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations have enhanced photosynthesis through CO2 fertilization across the globe. However, the increased growth has also led to greater respiration rates—both from vegetation (autotrophic respiration) and through the breakdown of plant litter and soil organic matter (heterotrophic respiration). The resulting change in carbon flux—and its spatial distribution—that can be attributed to increasing CO2 and climate change remains unknown. We used the Carbon Data Model Framework, a model‐data fusion system that assimilates global observations from satellites and other sources to create an ensemble of observationally constrained carbon cycle representations, to determine the photosynthesis and respiration fluxes that can be attributed to increased atmospheric CO2 and associated climate change from 1920 to 2015. Across the globe, the response of photosynthesis and respiration to atmospheric CO2 dominates their response to climate alone. The regional distribution of the carbon sink attributable to climate change and CO2 is strongly influenced by the 'loss ratio of carbon gained'—the fraction of enhanced photosynthesis that is lost to respiration. While the wet tropics' attributable photosynthesis flux is 1.4 times larger than that of the temperate region, the attributable flux of net carbon uptake is actually 1.25 larger in the temperate region, due to the wet tropics' greater heterotrophic respiration response to enhanced plant growth. At the global scale, the loss ratio of carbon gained is 83 ± 0.6%. Our results highlight the importance of the respiration responses to enhanced plant growth in regulating the land carbon sink.
An inexact double-sided chance-constrained model for air quality management in Nanshan District, Shengzhen, China

In this study, an inexact double-sided fuzzy-random-chance-constrained programming (IDSFRCCP) model was developed for supporting air quality management of the Nanshan District of Shenzhen, China, under uncertainty. IDSFRCCP is an integrated model incorporating interval linear programming and double-sided fuzzy-random-chance-constrained programming models. It can express uncertain information as both fuzzy random variables and discrete intervals. The proposed model was solved based on the stochastic and fuzzy chance-constrained programming techniques and an interactive two-step algorithm. The air quality management system of Nanshan District, including one pollutant, six emission sources, six treatment technologies and four receptor sites, was used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The results indicated that the IDSFRCCP was capable of helping decision makers to analyse trade-offs between system cost and risk of constraint violation. The mid-range solutions tending to lower bounds with moderate αh and qi values were recommended as decision alternatives owing to their robust characteristics.
Structure and transformation of the metastable boron- and oxygen-related defect center in crystalline silicon

We analyze the core structure of the carrier-lifetime-reducing boron- and oxygen-related metastable defect center in crystalline silicon by measuring the correlation of the defect concentration with the boron and the oxygen contents on a large number of different silicon materials. The experimental results indicate that the defect is composed of one substitutional boron and two interstitial oxygen atoms. Formation and annihilation of the metastable boron-oxygen complex are found to be thermally activated processes, characterized by two strongly differing activation energies. Measurements of the defect generation rate as a function of light intensity show that the defect generation rate increases proportionally with light intensity below 1 ${\mathrm{m}\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ and saturates at higher intensities. All experimental results can be consistently explained using a defect reaction model based on fast-diffusing oxygen dimers $({\mathrm{O}}_{2\mathrm{i}}),$ which are captured by substitutional boron $({\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{s}})$ to form a metastable ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{s}}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\mathrm{i}}$ complex. Based on this model, new strategies for an effective reduction of the light degradation of solar cells made on oxygen-rich silicon materials are derived. The model also explains why no lifetime degradation is observed in aluminum-, gallium-, and indium-doped oxygen-rich silicon.
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities, and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), Sage (Salvia officinalis L.), and Thyme–Sage Mixture Extracts

The antioxidant properties of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and their mixtures were examined using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) scavenging activity and ferric-reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella typhomorium) was determined using the agar well diffusion method. Results showed the highest overall rate of increase in total phenolic (13.67 mg·GAE/g·DW), and flavonoid (6.75 mg·QUE/g·DW) contents in the thyme–sage mixture extract compared with the thyme and sage extracts. As found by GC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts, thymol, apigenin, rosmarinic acid, and carvacrol were the most abundant phenolic compounds in the thyme–sage extract. The lowest EC50 (DPPH•, 55.51 μg·ml−1) and the highest FRAP value (95.51 mM Fe (II) mg−1 extract) were recorded in the extract of the thyme–sage mixture compared with sage and thyme extracts, and butylated hydroxytoluene solution (BHT). The highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus, and S. typhomorium was observed in the thyme–sage mixture with the inhibition zone diameters of 22.13, 28.67, 31.25, and 23.65 mm, respectively. It is concluded that the extract obtained from the thyme–sage mixture has more potential to be used in the pharmaceutical and food industry as a natural antibacterial and antioxidant agent.
The Open Magnetic Flux of the Sun. I. Transport by Reconnections with Coronal Loops

The magnetic field of the Sun includes a component that opens into and creates the heliospheric magnetic field, the so-called open magnetic flux of the Sun. Open flux is transported along the solar surface by random convective motions in the photosphere and also by reconnection with coronal loops and the subsequent displacement of the open field lines. A model is developed to describe the interactions through reconnection of open magnetic field lines and smaller coronal loops on the quiet Sun. The displacement of open field lines by reconnection with such loops can be described as a diffusive process, and the model yields the appropriate diffusion coefficient. The model also relates the total diffusive transport of open flux, as a result of reconnection with loops and random convective motions, to a basic solar parameter, the rate of emergence of magnetic flux per unit surface area. This in turn provides an explanation for the formation of coronal holes: accumulations of open flux. The diffusion process will tend to accumulate open flux into regions where the rate of emergence of new magnetic flux is a local minimum. It is also shown that the parameters used in this model are consistent with and can interrelate a variety of different observations. This work serves as the basis for subsequent papers in which the distribution of open magnetic flux on the Sun and its evolution during the solar cycle is determined, and the transport of open magnetic flux is related to the heating and acceleration of the solar wind.
Shear response of the Sigma 9 {221} symmetric tilt grain boundary in fcc metals studied by atomistic simulation methods

The shear response of the Sigma 9 {221} symmetric tilt grain boundary (GB) in three fcc metals Cu, Al, and Ni has been studied by atomistic simulation methods with the embedded atom method for interatomic potentials and with a bicrystal model. By applying an energy minimization procedure, it was found that there are two optimized structures of this particular GB at zero temperature for all the three metals studied. Shear of bicrystals at room temperature has been studied by the molecular-dynamics simulation method. Various kinds of structure evolution behavior have been found for this GB depending on the shear direction: (1) pure GB sliding; (2) GB atomic shuffling accompanied by lattice dislocation emission from the GB; and (3) GB migration coupled with GB sliding, namely, GB coupling motion. The GB coupling motions can differ in the direction and distance of the GB migration depending on the shear direction. An analysis with the aid of the coincidence site lattice theory indicates that the structure evolution behavior can be attributed to several elementary structure transformations inherent to this particular GB. A pair parameter (lambda, kappa) is proposed to describe the GB coupling motions.
The Effect of Financial Literature on Financial Behavior in The Mediation of Financial Knowledge on Students of The Faculty of Economics and Business Muhammadiyah University North Sumatra

The purpose of this study was to investigate and assess the impact of Financial Literacy on Financial Behavior as mediated by Financial Knowledge among students from the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra. This study employed both an associative approach and survey methodologies. The participants in this study were 4158 students from the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra. In this study, 88 people were randomly selected from the 2017 and 2018 Stambuks utilizing a non-probability, incidental sampling technique, and criteria for financial management focus. The data in this study was gathered using interview techniques and questionnaires/questionnaires. To evaluate the data in this study, descriptive statistical analysis and partial least squares path analysis were used (PLS). According to the findings of this study, financial literacy has a favorable and significant impact on financial behavior in students at the University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra's Faculty of Economics and Business. Financial literacy has a favorable and considerable impact on financial understanding among students at the University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra's Faculty of Economics and Business. Keywords: Financial Literacy, Financial Behavior, Financial Knowledge