Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Stimulus Type and Motion on Smooth Pursuit in Adults and Children.

PURPOSE This study presents a two-degree customized animated stimulus developed to evaluate smooth pursuit in children and investigates the effect of its predetermined characteristics (stimulus type and size) in an adult population. Then, the animated stimulus is used to evaluate the impact of different pursuit motion paradigms in children. METHODS To study the effect of animating a stimulus, eye movement recordings were obtained from 20 young adults while the customized animated stimulus and a standard dot stimulus were presented moving horizontally at a constant velocity. To study the effect of using a larger stimulus size, eye movement recordings were obtained from 10 young adults while presenting a standard dot stimulus of different size (1° and 2°) moving horizontally at a constant velocity. Finally, eye movement recordings were obtained from 12 children while the 2° customized animated stimulus was presented after three different smooth pursuit motion paradigms. Performance parameters, including gains and number of saccades, were calculated for each stimulus condition. RESULTS The animated stimulus produced in young adults significantly higher velocity gain (mean: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90-0.96; P = .014), position gain (0.93; 0.85-1; P = .025), proportion of smooth pursuit (0.94; 0.91-0.96, P = .002), and fewer saccades (5.30; 3.64-6.96, P = .008) than a standard dot (velocity gain: 0.87; 0.82-0.92; position gain: 0.82; 0.72-0.92; proportion smooth pursuit: 0.87; 0.83-0.90; number of saccades: 7.75; 5.30-10.46). In contrast, changing the size of a standard dot stimulus from 1° to 2° did not have an effect on smooth pursuit in young adults (P > .05). Finally, smooth pursuit performance did not significantly differ in children for the different motion paradigms when using the animated stimulus (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Attention-grabbing and more dynamic stimuli, such as the developed animated stimulus, might potentially be useful for eye movement research. Finally, with such stimuli, children perform equally well irrespective of the motion paradigm used.
Innovative Work Practices , Information Technologies and Working Conditions : Evidence for France

Innovative Work Practices, Information Technologies and Working Conditions: Evidence for France We investigate the impact of new work practices and information and communication technologies (ICT) on working conditions in France. We use a unique French dataset providing information on individual workers for the year 1998. New work practices include the use of quality norms, job rotation, collective discussions on work organization and working time flexibility. Working conditions are captured by occupational injuries as well as indicators of mental strain. We find that workers involved in the new practices face working conditions that are significantly worse than those of workers in non innovative work practices. But, the picture is mixed for ICT that seem to make the workplace safer and less risky. JEL Classification: J28, L23
ADULT ABDOMINAL WALL HERNIA IN IBADAN

Background: Abdominal wall hernias are very common diseases encountered in surgical practice. Groin hernia is the commonest type of abdominal wall hernias. There are several methods of hernia repair but tension-free repair (usually with mesh) offers the least recurrent rate. Aim: To describe the clinical profile of anterior abdominal wall hernias and our experience in the surgical management of identified hernias Method: The project was a retrospective study of all patients with abdominal wall hernia presenting into surgical divisions of University College Hospital Ibadan during a 6 year period (January 2008 to December 2013). Relevant information was retrieved from their case notes and analysed. Results: The case records of 1215 (84.7%) patients out of 1435 were retrieved. Elective surgery was done in 981(80.7%) patients while 234 (19.3%) patients had emergency surgery. There were 922 (84.8%) groin hernias and post-operative incisional hernia accounted for 9.1% (111) of the patients. About half (49.1%) of those with incisional hernia were post obstetric and gynaecologic procedure followed by post laparotomy incisional hernias 16 (14%) and others (23.5%). The ratio of inguinal hernia to other types in this study is 3:1. Hollow viscus resection and emergency surgery were predictors of wound infection statistically significant in predicting wound infection (P < 0.001). Peri-operative morbidity/mortality at 28 days post operation was documented in 113 patients (12.1%). One year recurrence rate of groin hernia was 2.1%. Conclusion: The pattern of presentation and management of anterior wall hernias are still the same compared with the earlier study in this hospital. New modality of treatment should be adopted as the standard choice of care. Abdominal wall hernias are very common clinical presentation. Modified Bassini repair was the preferred method of repair due to its simplicity. Mesh repair is becoming more common in recent time but high cost and initial non-availability of the mesh limit its use in our centre
Evaluation of radiation thermal resistances in industrial motors

This paper deals with the role of the radiation thermal resistances in industrial motors, and describes a test-set useful for the resistance evaluation. The test-set is based on a vacuum chamber and on a numerical acquisition system, and the resistances are obtained by monitoring motor temperatures during a heating test. An analytical model that describes how the radiation resistance depends on the motor temperature is also provided. Experimental results obtained on a TEFC 150 W induction motor are shown and discussed
Edinburgh Research Explorer The business of philanthropy

Corporationsareunderincreasingpressuretoprovideinfor-mation about their corporate social responsibility activities. However, there is limited work on how firms measure the value of their philanthropic giving. The value of a philan-thropic act can be difficult to ascertain as it often relates to unique goods that do not have a market value. The paper examines the processes a sample of (mainly family-run) private corporations follow to value their donations to a not-for-profit cultural festival. The findings suggest that while giving to the festival is seen as a contribution to the local community, there are additional motivations for donating. Moreover, the firms do not attempt to formally assess the value of their act, which they believe is hard (if not impossible) to measure. Our case highlights a more complex system influencing philanthropic acts of private firms.
Geology and hydrogeology of the island of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

The island of Pohnpei is the eroded remnant of a large shield volcano that was built up from the surrounding sea floor by the repeated eruption of mildly alkalic lava. The main island is composed entirely of volcanic material erupted episodically over the last 9 million years. The volcanic construction of Pohnpei can be divided into three stages of activity. The first was a shield-building phase dominated by the frequent eruption of alkali olivine basalt, which was followed after an eruptive hiatus of roughly 1.5 million years by sporadic volcanic activity dominated by basanitic and hawaiitic composition lavas (Awak volcanic stage). Shortly after the end of the shield-building stage, a largescale landslide event is postulated to have removed much of the northwestern portion of the original shield volcano. The final stage of volcanic activity (Kupwuriso volcanic stage) produced voluminous flows of undersaturated lavas, which blanketed much of the southern half of the island. The thick, massive, low-permeability post-shield-building lavas of the Awak and Kupwuriso volcanic stages dominate the present-day geomorphology and hydrogeology of the island. Due to regional subsidence and sea-level rise (roughly 5.5 meters over the last 6,000 years), Pohnpei lacks extensive coastal plains of sedimentary material around its perimeter. Instead, volcanic rock and fringing mangrove swamps occur along the coastline around much of the island. Rainfall on the island is abundant year-round and ranges from 400 cm/year along the coastline to an estimated high of 900 cm/year in the island’s interior. A high runoff-rainfall ratio (0.67) is estimated for the island’s river basins. An evapotranspiration rate of 140 cm/year is estimated for the island. These values lead to an estimated islandwide groundwater recharge of 600 to 750 million liters per day. Groundwater development on Pohnpei has been limited mainly to areas in the northern part of the island in and around the town of Kolonia and Palikir, the new Federated States Micronesia capitol site. Wells in the Kolonia area exploit local unconformities between flow units of the late-stage volcanics and the unconformity between these volcanics and the underlying shield-building lavas. Somewhat more productive wells located in the Palikir area exploit relatively unweathered shield-building lavas. Groundwater development in the northern half of the island is hindered by the low permeability of the basement rock and by the lack of an extensive, low permeability capping layer to impede the movement of basal groundwater out into the lagoon. More favorable conditions for the development of basal groundwater are thought to exist in the southern half of the island due to the presence of relatively thick deposits of low-permeability ash near the coast, although groundwater has not yet been developed there.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Counterfactuals the Role of Heterogeneous Expectations in Life Cycle Models

This paper shows that subjective survey information on survival expectations can be used to improve the out-of-sample predictions of a dynamic model of retirement and saving. We consider three approaches to model survival: life tables, average subjective expectations and individual-specific estimates based on reported survival probabilities. The models are estimated on Dutch data from the 1990s, a period during which workers could retire from age 59 at no actuarial penalty to pension benefits. Such actuarial adjustments were introduced in the early 2000s and we use data from the period 20062016 to evaluate the accuracy of the counterfactual predictions. While the three models yield different preference estimates, their within-sample fit is similar. Out-of-sample forecasts do differ markedly. The models based on homogeneous expectations anticipate a 4-5-year increase in the average retirement age in the new regime, compared with an observed increase of 2.6 years. The model with heterogeneous expectations, on the other hand, predicts a more realistic increase of 2.7 years. We conclude that expectations matter when it comes to counterfactual predictions, even if different combinations of preferences and expectations appear equivalent within a given institutional setting. ∗This version of the paper was resubmitted to the Review of Economic Studies in May 2021, which has since requested a second round of revisions. A new version is expected by spring 2022. This work is part of the research programme Innovational Research Incentives Scheme Veni with project number 451-15-018, which is financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). The paper benefitted substantially from the insightful comments of four anonymous referees and editor Áureo de Paula. I thank Max Groneck and David Sturrock for their careful discussions and Jeff Campbell and seminar participants at Berlin Applied Micro Seminar, Tilburg University, the 2018 Netspar Pension Day and the 2019 Netspar Pension Workshop for their feedback. †Email: j.r. debresser@uvt.nl. ‡Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg the Netherlands. §Netspar, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands.
LANDSLIDES: INVESTIGATION AND MITIGATION. CHAPTER 3 - LANDSLIDE TYPES AND PROCESSES

The range of landslide processes is reviewed in this chapter, and a vocabulary is provided for describing the features of landslides relevant to their classification for avoidance, control, or remediation. The classification of landslides in the previous landslide report (TRB Special Report 176, 1978) has been widely adopted, so departures from it have been minimized and the emphasis is on the progress made since 1978. Although this chapter is complete in itself, particular attention is drawn to changes and additions to the vocabulary used in the previous report and the reasons for the changes.
Progress on novelty in tourism: An integration of personality, attitudinal and emotional theoretical foundations

Novelty is often depicted as the essence of travelling and is gaining attention in the tourism literature. However, the understanding of novelty is diverse, with multiple theoretical perspectives and a lack of consensus regarding its definition and conceptualisation. This study integrates different theoretical perspectives and presents an extended analysis of the progress of novelty in tourism, both chronologically and thematically. The findings indicate three thematic clusters categorised based on the core of novelty, its antecedents, and consequences, evolving through different time periods. The results show that the core is mostly based on emotional appraisal attributes, is influenced by novelty-seeking personality traits, and can drive consequences including tourist satisfaction, loyalty, and value. Future research can explore an integrated theoretical perspective based on defining novelty in tourism as an attitudinal belief with varying degrees of valence, extremity, and arousal in the evaluative space, which connects novelty to other relevant antecedents and consequences.
A Novel Approach to Calculating Energy Density from Food Images Reduces Analysis Time and Cost

Traditional methods of self-reported food intake are characterized by limitations such as underreporting, high participant burden, and high cost. With the development of automated devices to capture food images and monitor food intake, an accurate and efficient method to estimate energy intake is needed. This study aimed to develop an accurate and time efficient method for estimating energy intake from food images by defining a simple and less burdensome way of estimating energy density (ED). Four experimental methods, exchange, food score-long, food score-short, and meal, were developed to estimate ED based on nutrient composition, water content, and relative proportion of foods in images, using different approaches. Three trained nutritionists analyzed 29 food images for ED using each method. All four experimental methods were compared to the full visual method in which a nutritionist estimated the portion size of each food consumed from dietary intake images and conducted data entry and analysis software. All experimental methods overestimated ED compared to the FVM but the meal method exhibited the closest agreement, lowest variance for ED, and significantly decreased analysis time by an average of 53 s/meal (p = 0.03). The meal method was used for full-scale validation by analyzing 213 food images against weighed food records. The meal method reduced analysis time by 69% (120 s; p ≤ 0.0001) and over-estimated ED by an average of 1.56 ± 3.17 J/g (p < 0.0001) compared to the FVM and 1.67 ± 3.09 J/g (p < 0.0001) compared to the WFR. The meal method is a novel and quick approach to calculate ED from dietary intake images.
University of Birmingham Weak Stability of ℓ1-minimization Methods in Sparse Data Reconstruction

As one of the most plausible convex optimization methods for sparse data reconstruction, (cid:96) 1 -minimization plays a fundamental role in the development of sparse optimization theory. The stability of this method has been addressed in the literature under various assumptions such as restricted isometry property (RIP), null space property (NSP), and mutual coherence. In this paper, we propose a uniﬁed means to develop the so-called weak stability theory for (cid:96) 1 -minimization methods under the condition called weak range space property of a transposed design matrix, which turns out to be a necessary and suﬃcient condition for the standard (cid:96) 1 -minimization method to be weakly stable in sparse data reconstruction. The reconstruction error bounds established in this paper are measured by the so-called Robinson’s constant. We also provide a uniﬁed weak stability result for standard (cid:96) 1 -minimization under several existing compressed-sensing matrix properties. In particular, the weak stability of (cid:96) 1 - minimization under the constant-free range space property of order k of the transposed design matrix is established for the ﬁrst time in this paper. Diﬀerent from the existing analysis, we utilize the classic Hoﬀman’s Lemma concerning the error bound of linear systems as well as the Dudley’s theorem concerning the polytope approximation of the unit (cid:96) 2 -ball to show that (cid:96) 1 -minimization is robustly and weakly stable in recovering sparse data from inaccurate measurements.
Pre-proof Dental students ’ knowledge of and attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine in Australia – An exploratory study

Objectives While Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are used by more than half of Australians, their role in dentistry is rarely covered in the curricula of Australian dental schools. This study aimed to investigate dental students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards CAM therapies. Design Australian dental students in the final two years of their study were invited to undertake a survey. These questions consisted of five clinically relevant case vignettes, for which there was only one correct answer amongst four possible options and seven self-reported perspective-based questions. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the 185 students that participated, the mean correct response rate for the five clinical scenarios was 3.46 ±0.95 (range: 0 5 out of 5). Of 185 students, 157 (85%) answered more than half of the questions correctly. All five questions were answered correctly by 19 (10%) students. Most (74%) students self-reported to have little to no knowledge. More than two-thirds of dental students reported an interest in and belief in the effectiveness of CAM. A J ur na l P re -p ro of
SME policy formulation and implementation in Africa: Unpacking assumptions as opportunity for research and innovative policies

The increasing acknowledgement of the role of SMEs in economic growth and reducing unemployment in SSA brings forth the need for research into understanding the role and impact of the SME policy and its outcomes. However, the lack of adequate critical examination of the current SME policies across SSA as well as the absence of a holistic conceptual framework has put limitations on the further development of literature in the field. In this article, we have attempted to critique the existing assumptions underpinning the SME policy. We have also advanced a conceptual framework and propositions to enable the holistic research that can shed more light on our understanding of the interactions between SME policies, the business environment (context), the entrepreneur, and policy outcomes. Finally, we proposed research questions and an agenda that should guide future research.
ETNHOMATHEMATICS TEDHAK SITEN: LEARNING DESIGN TO DEVELOP STUDENT’S CRITICAL THINKING SKILL BASED ON MOBILE DEVICES

id Abstrak: Berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu keterampilan penting di abad 21 yang dapat dikembangkan melalui pembelajaran matematika. Namun dalam praktiknya, media pembelajaran belum banyak terfasilitasi. Pembelajaran matematika realistik dengan memanfaatkan budaya serta mengintegrasikan teknologi dapat dijadikan sebagai titik awal pembelajaran yang ideal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika berbasis mobile learning dengan pendekatan pembelajaran realistik dalam rangka upacara Tedhak Siten untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang mengacu pada model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa dan validator. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah aplikasi mobile learning, soal pretest dan posttest, angket validasi ahli materi, angket validasi ahli media, dan angket respon siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek validitas memperoleh kategori
Does audit committee matter? Evidence from Tanzanian listed firms.

Aim: The primary role of audit committees is to provide oversight in the financial reporting, audit process, internal controls and in compliance with regulations and laws. The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of board audit committees attributes on firm performance. Design/Research methods: Using a sample of firms publicly traded on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) during 1998–2018; this paper estimated fixed effects regressions to tests the hypotheses developed. Conclusions/findings: The results show that audit committee attributes are positively linked with firm financial performance. Specifically, the findings reveal that audit committee attributes as measured by audit committee meetings, existence of audit committees, audit committee size and audit committee independence have positive impact on corporate performance as measured by return on sales (ROS) and profitability. These findings confirmed that firms having audit committees performed better than those without audit committees. Originality/value of the article: There is scarce research which examines the link between audit committees and firm performance in developing countries. To date, there is no study that has investigated the relationship between audit committee characteristics and firm performance in Tanzania. This paper provides new evidence on the relationship between audit committee attributes and firm performance in Tanzanian environment. Implications of the research: Overall, the findings recommend existence of large independent audit committees which conducts their meetings regularly as it is ideally enhances firm financial performance. Keywords: Audit committee attributes, corporate governance, firm performance, Tanzania JEL: G3, N27
ON THE MOTION OF FLUIDISED GRANULAR CURRENTS: MOTION ALONG HORIZONTAL SURFACES

The motion of (cid:176)uidised granular currents over horizontal surfaces is investigated experimentally and by mathematical modelling of solid and (cid:176)uid phases. Analytical solutions for the bulk motion were tested by experiments involving material being introduced at a constant volume (cid:176)ux, and a reasonable agreement found between theoretical predictions and laboratory measurements.