Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aircraft batteries: current trend towards more electric aircraft

Competition in the aircraft industry market and global warming has driven the industry to think along economic and environmental lines. This has resulted in the emergence of more electric aircraft (MEA). The increase in the power demand of aircraft, especially in the last two decades, coupled with advancement in battery materials and technology has led to the development of many high energy density batteries. This study presents an overview of the battery systems for MEA. In this paper, a study on the battery technologies used in aircraft in the last five decades is being done. A general background of the battery system is presented and the performance of the batteries based on energy densities and low temperature capabilities are evaluated and discussed. Evolution of MEA with its power system architecture and load profile is presented to understand the requirements of the battery system. Weight saving and cost analysis is done for the Li-ion and Ni-Cd batteries with respect to the requirement of an MEA `Aircraft X'. Battery management system (BMS) for Li-ion batteries is also explored and discussed. Based on the analysis, Li-ion battery is selected and integrated with the power distribution DC network for future MEA.
ANALISIS STRUKTUR PEREKONOMIAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI KOTA TERNATE

Pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah proses perubahan kondisi suatu negara secara berkesinambungan menuju keadaan yang lebih baik selama periode tertentu. Adanya pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan indikasi keberhasilan pembangunan ekonomi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi perkembangan struktur perekonomian dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kota Ternate tahun 2004-2013, untuk mengetahui sektor – sektor mana saja yang menjadi sektor basis dan sektor non basis dalam perkembangan struktur perekonomian dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Kota Ternate, untuk mengetahui perubahan sektor unggulan pada struktur perekonomian Kota Ternate. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder seperti data Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Atas Dasar Harga Konstan, dan laju perkembangan pertumbuhan ekonomi Kota Ternate. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share (SS). Dari hasil analisis perhitungan LQ sektor yang memiliki nilai LQ > 1 Yaitu sektor listrik, gas, dan air bersih, sektor konstruksi, sektor perdagangan, sektor pengangkutan, sektor jasa perusahaan serta sektor jasa – jasa, dan sektor yang memiliki nilai LQ < 1 yaitu sektor pertanian, sektor pertambangan dan sektor industri, dari hasil perhitungan Shift Share (SS) menunjukkan bahwa ada lima sektor yang merupakan sektor ekonomi memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dan berdaya saing yaitu sektor pertanian, sektor perdagangan, sektor pengangkutan, sektor jasa perusahaan, sektor jasa-jasa.
Patterns of impaired neurocognitive performance on Global Neuropsychological Assessment (GNA), and their brain structural correlates in recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia: A pilot study

Cognitive deficits are established as a fundamental feature of schizophrenia; however, their pattern and how they are affected by chronicity are still unclear. Although a generalized stable impairment affecting multiple cognitive domains is commonly seen from the onset, some longitudinal studies have shown evidence of neuroprogression, and selective deterioration in certain cognitive domains. We assessed cognitive performance in patients with recent-onset (n = 17, duration of illness [≤] 2 years) and chronic schizophrenia (n = 14, duration [≥] 15 years), and healthy adults (n = 16) using the Global Neuropsychological Assessment and examined correlations between cognitive scores and gray matter volumes computed from T1-weighted MRI images. We also measured and analyzed differences between patient groups for negative and positive symptoms, psychotic exacerbations, and medication exposure, and studied their correlations with cognitive performances. We observed cognitive deficits affecting multiple domains in both recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia samples. Selectively greater impairment of perceptual comparison/processing speed was found in adults with chronic schizophrenia (p = 0.009, {eta}2partial = 0.25). In the full sample (n = 47), perceptual comparison speed correlated significantly with gray matter volumes in the anterior and medial temporal lobes, predominantly on the left side (TFCE, FWE p < 0.01). These results indicate that along with generalized deficit across multiple cognitive domains, selectively greater impairment of perceptual comparison/processing speed appears to characterize chronic schizophrenia. This pattern might indicate an accelerated or premature cognitive aging. Gray matter volumetric deficits in the anterior-medial temporal lobes especially of left side might underlie the impaired perceptual comparison/processing speed seen in schizophrenia.
Coraco-clavicular endobutton and fiber tape fixation for Neer’s type II unstable lateral clavicular fracture: a case series with literature review

Abstract Neer’s type II lateral end clavicle fracture is inherently unstable due to coraco-clavicular ligament disruption. Timely surgery can avoid complications of conservative management. Our study is based on open reduction and fixation with double endobutton and fibre tape in 12 patients. Radiological and functional outcome were assessed using Quick DASH score and SPADI score at regular interval. All the fractures achieved both clinical and radiological union. No intra-operative or post-operative complication was noted. Functional out come and range of motion at 1-year follow-up was quite satisfactory. Open reduction and fixation with double endobutton and fibre tape for lateral end clavicle fracture is a quite rewarding surgery with less steep learning curve, economical and enough stable fixations leading to union and good functional outcome without need of re-surgery for implant removal.
An Evaluative Investigation into Employee Attitudes to Energy Management in the Food Retail Environment

We present a case study of an evaluation process carried out in the UK business of an international food retailer. A qualitative evaluation designed to understand staff motivation around energy management provides the bulk of the original data. This data was subsequently used to develop an organisational change intended to support and motivate staff in operating stores to an optimal energy efficient design. Our first insight from the qualitative data is that energy is a non-primary goal in a multiple goal environment, making it vulnerable to goal conflict and consequently impaired performance . The hypothesis drawn from this insight is that multiple goal conflict will be reduced if the system is better aligned with existing organisational structures and routines. Our second insight is that energy management goals are perceived as difficult to achieve at an operational level. While difficulty is productive in most goal-setting situations , it can be counterproductive in multiple goal environments . The second hypothesis, based on existing literature, is that the perception of difficulty can be reduced by introducing easier proximal goals into the planned change. A quantitative evaluation methodology to measure the impact of change is also described. We conclude that quantitative and qualitative evaluations were crucial to both enable our original contributions to the literature, and to develop the organisational change programme to maximise energy efficiency in stores.
An open source three-mirror laser scanning holographic two-photon lithography system

Two-photon polymerization is a widely adopted technique for direct fabrication of 3D and 2D structures with sub-diffraction-limit features. Here we present an open-hardware, open-software custom design for a holographic multibeam two-photon polymerization system based on a phase-only spatial light modulator and a three-mirror scanhead. The use of three reflective surfaces, two of which scanning the phase-modulated image along the same axis, allows to overcome the loss of virtual conjugation within the large galvanometric mirrors pair needed to accommodate the holographic projection. This extends the writing field of view among which the hologram can be employed for multi-beam two-photon polymerization by a factor of ~2 on one axis (i.e. from ~200μm to ~400μm), with a voxel size of ~250nm × ~1050nm (lateral × axial size), and writing speed of three simultaneous beams of 2000 voxels/s, making our system a powerful and reliable tool for advanced micro and nano-fabrications on large area.
Chronotype and trait self-control as unique predictors of sleep quality in Chinese adults: The mediating effects of sleep hygiene habits and bedtime media use

This study examined the distinctive roles of chronotype and trait self-control in predicting sleep quality and the mediation of sleep hygiene habits and bedtime media use of the relations between chronotype, trait self-control and sleep quality. Self-report questionnaire measuring chronotype, trait self-control, sleep hygiene behaviors, bedtime media use and sleep quality was administered to 224 Chinese adult participants (83.5% female). A multiple mediation model was estimated with sleep hygiene habits and bedtime media use as parallel mediators of the relations between chronotype, trait self-control, and sleep quality. Chronotype and trait self-control positively predicted sleep quality. Results of mediation analyses indicated that trait self-control predicted sleep quality both directly and indirectly through pre-sleep stress management and keeping a restful sleep environment, whereas chronotype predicted sleep quality indirectly through pre-sleep stress management and bedtime media use. This study provides evidence for the possible mechanism through which eveningness and low trait self-control undermine sleep quality: Whereas bedtime media use and sleep timing irregularity are linked to poor sleep quality in evening types, environmental interference (e.g., noise or disorganization) appears to be more relevant to poor sleep quality in individuals low in self-control. These findings can inform the design of personalized sleep hygiene recommendations appropriate for the target population. Practical implications regarding sleep hygiene education and interventions are discussed.
Diagnostic efficacy of the magnetic resonance T1w/T2w ratio for the middle cerebellar peduncle in multiple system atrophy and spinocerebellar ataxia: A preliminary study

Background The standardized T1-weighted/T2-weighted (sT1w/T2w) ratio for the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) has been reported to be sensitive for detecting degenerative changes in the cerebellar subtype of multiple system atrophy (MSA-C), even in the early stages. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of the MCP sT1w/T2w ratio for differentiating between MSA-C and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). Methods We included 32 MSA-C, 8 SCA type 3 (SCA3), 16 SCA type 6 (SCA6) patients, and 17 controls, and the MCP sT1w/T2w ratio was analyzed using a region-of-interest approach. The diagnostic performance of the MCP sT1w/T2w ratio in discriminating among MSA-C, SCA3, and SCA6 was assessed and compared with diagnosis based on visual interpretation of MCP hyperintensities and the “hot cross bun” (HCB) sign. Results MCP sT1w/T2w ratio values were markedly lower in patients with MSA-C than in those with SCA3, those with SCA6, and controls (p < 0.001). The MCP sT1w/T2w ratio showed high diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing MSA-C from SCA3 (area under curve = 0.934), SCA6 (area under curve = 0.965), and controls (area under curve = 0.980). The diagnostic accuracy of the MCP sT1w/T2w ratio for differentiating MSA-C from SCA3 or SCA6 (90.0% for MSA-C vs. SCA3, and 91.7% for MSA-C vs. SCA6) was comparable to or superior than that of visual interpretation of MCP hyperintensities (80.0–87.5% in MSA-C vs. SCA3 and 87.6–97.9% in MSA-C vs. SCA6) or the HCB sign (72.5–80.0% in MSA-C vs. SCA3 and 77.1–93.8% in MSA-C vs. SCA6). Conclusions The MCP sT1w/T2w ratio might be a sensitive imaging-based marker for detecting MSA-C-related changes and differentiating MSA-C from SCA3 or SCA6.
Predictors of histopathological esophagitis in infants and adolescents with esophageal atresia within a national follow-up programme

Purpose Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital anomaly of the foregut. Although the survival has improved over the years there is a significant gastrointestinal morbidity affecting physical function and health-related quality of life. The aims of the study were to identify and evaluate predictors of histopathological esophagitis in infants and adolescents with EA. Methods Single centre, cross-sectional study including one and 15-year-old patients operated for EA that participated in the national follow-up programme between 2012 and 2020 according to a pre-established protocol including upper endoscopy with oesophageal biopsies and 24h-pH-test. Data was collected from patients’ medical records and pH-analysis software. Regression models were used to identify predictors of histopathological oesophagitis. Possible predictors were abnormal reflux index, endoscopic esophagitis, hiatal hernia, symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and age. Results 65 patients were included, 47 children and 18 adolescents. All children were treated with PPI during their first year of life. Symptoms of GER were reported by 13 (31.7%) of the infant’s caregivers, 34 of the children (72.3%) had abnormal reflux index and 32 (68.1%) had histopathological esophagitis. The corresponding numbers for adolescents were 8 (50%), 15 (83.3%) and 10 (55.6%). We found no significant associations between histopathological esophagitis and endoscopic esophagitis, symptoms of GER, hiatus hernia or age group. Abnormal reflux index was an independent predictor of histopathological esophagitis. Seven patients with normal reflux index had histopathological esophagitis, all grade I. Conclusions We found a high prevalence of histopathological esophagitis despite PPI treatment in accordance with recommendations. No significant difference between the two age groups was seen. Abnormal reflux index was an independent predictor of histopathological esophagitis. However, we cannot recommend the use of pH-metry as a substitute for esophageal biopsies; future studies are needed to elucidate if esophageal biopsies might be postponed in infants with normal reflux index.
Stigma, discrimination and non-disclosure among young people living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria

Introduction young people living with HIV (YPLH) constitute a significant population towards ending the AIDS epidemic. About half of YPLH are undiagnosed and one-third of new infections occurring among them. Stigma and discrimination remaina predominant enigma in the social response to HIV. Methods this was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 124 YPLH aged 15-24 years selected by non-probability sampling from four antiretroviral centres targeted at young people across Lagos State. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Data analysis was done using Epi info software version 7 and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results the mean age of the participants was 19.4±3.2 years. Among the stigma variants, public stigma was the highest (48.4%), followed by anticipated stigma (20.2%), internalized stigma (14.5%), and enacted stigma (10.7%) while 7.3% of respondents experienced all forms. Thirty-seven percent of respondents had experienced one form of discrimination, with the most common form being ‘treated with hostility by strangers´ (14.5%). The disclosure level was 56.5%. The most predominant reasons for non-disclosure were fear of rejection by other people (57.3%). Diagnosis at an earlier age and living with a single parent were associated with lower disclosure levels (p‹0.001). Conclusion overall stigma levels were found to be low, with differences in the individual stigma variants. The most common form of HIV-related discrimination reported in this study was being treated with hostility by strangers. Fear of rejection by other people was the main reason for non-disclosure among YPLH. The use of a multidisciplinary approach is needed to reduce the impact of stigma and discrimination among YPLH.
THE ANALYSIS OF EXPONENTIALLY DISTRIBUTED LIFE-TIMES WITH Two TYPES OF FAILURE

SUMMARY A NUMBER of alternative probability models are considered for the interpretation of failure data when there are two or more types of failure. Some of the statistical techniques that can be used for such data are illustrated on an example discussed recently by Mendenhall and Hader. Mendenhall and Hader (1958) have recently given an interesting account of a model for the analysis of failure-time distributions when there are two, or more, types of failure. They illustrate their theory by analysing some data on the failure-times of radio transmitter receivers; the failures were classed into two types, those confirmed on arrival at the maintenance centre and those unconfirmed. In the present paper their example is used to illustrate and distinguish between a number of models that can be used for this type of data. The essential feature of the problem is that we have independent individuals exposed to risk, and that on failure an individual is withdrawn from risk. We observe, for example, that individual number one fails after life-time t, and that the failure is say of the first type: this means that we know the time at which failure of the first type occurs, but only that failure of the second and other types had not occurred by time t. In many applications, including Mendenhall and Hader's, the sample contains individuals that have not failed at the end of the period of the observation. Thus in their example no receivers were operated after 630 hr. Data like this arise in several fields in addition to industrial life-testing. For example, in medical and actuarial work the estimation and comparison of death rates from a particular cause requires corrections for deaths from other causes. In particular Seal (1954) and Elveback (1958) have discussed the more theoretical aspects of this in connection with actuarial work and given numerous references. Sampford (1954) has dealt with similar problems in bioassays. In tensile strength testing there may be two or more types of failure, for example jaw breaks and fractures in the centre of the test specimen; here the observation is load on failure, not life on failure. A further interesting application is in experimental psychology. Audley (1957) has interpreted latency measurements in learning experiments by postulating independent Poisson processes of A-responses and B-responses; the first process for which an event occurs is considered to determine the nature (A or B) of the response and the time at which it occurs.
Synchronized TDMA in multi hop network to stabilize transmission time

In this article, transmission time in multi hop networks is discussed. In general, transmission times caused by a router vary according to the router's load and traffic of networks. So when two nodes communicate with each other via some routers, real-time property can never be ensured even if these nodes are a part of subnet organized by conventional factory communication systems. To stabilize the transmission time, this article propose to revise factory communication protocols so as to synchronize the assignment of time-slots for a periodical communication for each side segments of routers. A very simple example of synchronized time-slot assignment method is also shown.
SUGARCANE YIELD RESPONSES OF FOUR CULTIVARS TO THREE PLANTING

Louisiana sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) farms are increasing in size thus the period of planting has been extended. Both earlier and later dates are used in an effort to maximize farm efficiency as growers contend with having to plant fields and harvest sugarcane for processing where planting is delayed. This research was conducted to determine if yields of four sugarcane varieties were affected by date of planting in Louisiana. Sugarcane varieties LCP 85-384, Ho 95988, HoCP 96-540, and L 97-128 were hand-planted in mid-August, mid-September, and midOctober in 2004 and 2005. Shoot number, stalk height, cane yield, theoretical recoverable sucrose (TRS), and sucrose yield were analyzed in the plant-cane and first-ratoon harvests. August planting resulted in 10 and 25 more Mg ha -1 of cane compared with planting in September and October, respectively, and 2000 and 3000 more kg sucrose ha -1 for plant cane, respectively, across two plant-cane harvests. For cane yield, TRS, and sucrose yield, all varieties responded similarly to planting date. Overall, results suggest early planting increased cane and sucrose yield in the plant-cane crop for the varieties tested but the effects did not transfer to firstratoon crop suggesting that the effects of early planting were short term.
Experimental Tests on Composite Steel-Concrete Truss Beams

This paper reports the results of an experimental campaign conducted on a set of eight composite beams made of prefabricated steel trusses encased in structural concrete. The test setup is organized in such a way to apply an evenly distributed load on the beam, so to simulate the actual loading condition in real buildings. This is also to avoid the formation of peculiar and unusual shear resisting mechanisms occurring in three or four-point bending tests. The experimental results are presented in terms of force-displacement graphs and also in terms of stress-strain diagrams in the steel members. The outcome of this study highlights that Composite Truss Beams (CTBs) have an effective performance in the shear resisting mechanism, showing a capacity higher than that estimated through the current capacity equations given by Codes.
Near‐wall velocities of particles suspended in shear flow and a streamwise electric field

Particles with a diameter of ∼0.5 µm in a dilute (volume fractions φ∞ < 4 × 10−3) suspension assemble into highly elongated structures called “bands” under certain conditions in combined Poiseuille and electroosmotic flows in opposite directions through microchannels at particle‐based Reynolds numbers Rep < < 1. The particles are first concentrated near, then form “bands” within ∼6 µm of, the channel wall. The experiments described here examine the near‐wall dynamics of individual “tracer” particles during the initial concentration, or accumulation, of particles, and the steady‐state stage when the particles have formed relatively stable bands at different near‐wall shear rates and electric field magnitudes. Surprisingly, the near‐wall upstream particle velocities are found to be consistently greater in magnitude than the expected values based on the particles being convected by the superposition of both flows and subject to electrophoresis, which is in the same direction as the Poiseuille flow. However, the particle velocities scale linearly with the change in electric field magnitude, suggesting that the particle dynamics are dominated by linear electrokinetic phenomena. If this discrepancy with theory is only due to changes in particle electrophoresis, electrophoresis is significantly reduced to values as small as 20%–50% of the Smoluchowski relation, or well below previous model predictions, even for high particle potentials.