Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pressure induced phase transitions in transition metal nitrides: Ab initio study

We have analyzed the stability of transition metal nitrides (TMNs) XN (X = Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta) in their original rocksalt (B1) and hypothetical CsCl (B2) type phases under high compression. The ground state total energy calculation approach of the system has been used through the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) with the Perdew‐Burke‐Ernzerhof (PBE) type parameterization as exchange correlation functional. In the whole series of nitrides taken into consideration, tantalum nitride is found to be the most stable. We have observed that under compression the original B1‐type phase of these nitrides transforms to a B2‐type phase. We have also discussed the computation of ground state properties, like the lattice constant (a), bulk modulus (B0) and first order pressure derivative of the bulk modulus (B'0) of the TMNs and their host elements.
On the wavelength‐dependent attenuation of UV radiation by clouds

We studied the wavelength‐dependence of the attenuation of incoming solar UV radiation by a homogeneous cloud layer. By systematic analysis of irradiances simulated with a radiative transfer model, we were able to separate the wavelength‐dependence of the cloud modification factor into different components, and thus achieve an understanding of the physical processes involved. Our results show that short wavelengths, in general, penetrate the cloud more effectively than longer wavelengths and that there are two important contributors to this wavelength‐dependence: (1) that induced by multiple scattering between the cloud top and the atmosphere above and (2) that introduced by the wavelength‐dependent radiance distribution at the cloud top (including the direct beam) together with the transmittance of the cloud alone as function of angle of incidence. Furthermore, we found that the former does not depend on solar zenith angle, whereas the latter does and hence also introduces a solar zenith angle dependence in the wavelength‐dependence of the cloud modification factor.
Ameliorative Effect of The Essential Oil of Syzygium aromaticum in Wistars Rats Exposed to Aluminum Chloride

to evaluate the impact of aluminium intoxication, on the biochemical and hematological approaches of adult Wistar rats, on the other hand, to test the efficacy of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (CEO) in restoring or not the harmful effects of the studied metal with a daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 ml CEO/kg. The extraction of the essential oil from S.aromaticum by hydro-distillation allowed us to obtain CEO with a yield of 10.18%. Chronic exposure to aluminum chloride at a concentration of 100mg/kg in rats decreased body and organ weights (Liver, Kidney) compared to controls. The intoxication also revealed a disruption of various biochemical parameters, including liver (TGO, TGP), and kidney (urea, creatinine) biochemical assays, Thus, the concentration of aluminium in the intoxicated group is high in the blood. Also, the results show a correction in the values of these parameters following the administration of CEO compared to those of exposed animals. CEO also corrected the shape of the affected blood cells after intoxication to aluminium.
Calculation of swirling jets with a Reynolds stress closure

The transport equations for the Reynolds stresses are closed by modeling the turbulence and mean‐strain parts of the pressure‐strain‐rate correlation. The model constants are determined from simple relationships deduced from measurements in rectilinear and longitudinally curved shear flows. It is found that the effects of complex strain fields are more correctly predicted when the influence of the mean‐strain part is reduced from levels indicated by rapid distortion theory, and the turbulence part is adjusted to conform approximately with the measured rates of return to isotropy. The case of the swirling jet is used to illustrate the improved performance of the model.
Phenological and yield components response of major exotic maize varieties to different levels of soil bulk densities

Maize is the second staple food and a major cereal crop in Pakistan, but its actual yield is 25-30% less than the potential because of high soil bulk densities. Three exotic maize varieties (Baber, Pioneer-30P45, and Syngenta-6621) were evaluated under the three different soil bulk densities of 1.00 - 1.30, 1.30 - 1.60, and 1.60- 1.90 g.cm-3. Nine treatments were replicated three times, making 27 pots experiments under complete randomized design were tested. Results showed that bulk density significantly (α < 0.05) affected all the parameters of the crops except the number of days to emergence. The fewest number of days to emergence (8.4), tasseling (60.9), silking (66.9), maturity (91.9), leaves per plant (6.3), as well as the lowest shoot thickness (0.49 cm) were obtained under the 1.00 - 1.30 g.cm-3 density. This density also produced the tallest plants (174.7 cm), highest stover (5938.7 kg ha-1), grain yields (1551 kg ha-1), and harvest index (21.9 %). Conversely, most days to emergence, tasseling, silking, and maturity occurred at the bulk density of 1.60 - 1.90 g.cm-3, which also produced the shortest plants and the lowest grain stover and grain yields as well as the harvest index. It was concluded that increasing bulk density levels increase the number of days to tasseling, silking, maturity, and leaves per plant and shoot thickness. Syngenta 6621 was found late in maturity among the hybrids but produced superior stover and grain yields.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacilli of clinical isolates

One of the biggest threats to human health today is the emergence of resistance among the most significant bacterial diseases. To identify outbreaks and the transmission of clinically important resistance genes and the genetic components associated with them in human infections, there is a need for genomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance genes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the phenotype and genotype of antimicrobial resistance in clinically isolated gramnegative microorganism strains, as well as their molecular characterization. Microbiological identification was done using the automatic microbiological analyzer and GN ID REF21341 cards. The isolates' susceptibility to antimicrobials was evaluated using conventional disc diffusion. Using particular primers, resistance genes were amplified through PCR (applied biosystems). The identities of all 1470 isolates, including Escherichia coli (28%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21%), Acinetobactor baumanii (7%), Serratia marcescens (6%), Enterobacter cloacae (6%), Proteus mirabilis (6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5%), Citrobacter freundii (5%), Citrobacter braakii, Acinetobacter lwoffi, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus vulgaris (4%). All of these isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) to several kinds of antimicrobial medicines. Nine Carbapenem-resistant gramnegative bacilli strains were identified to be positive for blaNDM and blaOXA1.Our study found a concerning association between these diseases' antimicrobial resistance and the routinely prescribed antibiotics. This discovery compromises the medical field's therapeutic options and encourages the use of specialists who have less potent antimicrobial effects.
Novel TiNx-based biosignal electrodes for electroencephalography

A composition, structural, morphological and electrochemical study of two titanium nitride (TiNx) thin films, sample A and sample B, obtained by dc reactive sputtering on titanium substrates was carried out in this paper. In order to assess their applicability to be used as dry electrodes, several EEG signal acquisition tests were performed using the TiNx electrodes and compared to signals acquired with conventional silver/silver-chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes. The two films displayed some compositional differences, as sample B was over-stoichiometric (x = 1.34, x = N/Ti atomic ratio) and sample A was close-stoichiometric (x = 0.94). XRD diffractograms showed that both samples developed a similar fcc crystalline structure (δ-TiN phase). XRD peak fitting showed that sample B (over-stoichiometric) has a more oriented structure (highly [1 1 1] textured), with larger grains. A columnar-type structure with pyramid-like shape at column's top was common to both TiNx films. This morphology, in addition to some columnar disaggregation, gives rise to a rather rough surface and porous structure. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results in artificial sweat showed that the electric properties of the samples remain unchanged, even after prolonged contact with sweat. The comparison of EEG signals, simultaneously recorded using the novel TiNx electrodes and conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes, showed very similar results. The root mean square deviation, which was computed for different electrode–electrolyte combinations and signal sequences of 5 s, was in the range of 4.5–9.4 µV and 6.7–20.4 µV for samples A and B, respectively. An additional test with two sets of Ag/AgCl electrodes revealed similar results, thus indicating most of the signal differences are related to the spatial distance of the compared electrodes as well as environmental noise. Therefore, our results lead to the conclusion that the novel TiNx electrodes show promising signal quality for application in EEG biosignal measurements.
A Laplace Transform Boundary ElementSolution For The Biharmonic Diffusion Equation

The most common diffusion problems involve the description of the diffusive term in terms of the Laplacian operator. Such problems have been solved successfully in a boundary element context using the Laplace transform in time together with a dual reciprocity approach. Some diffusion problems, e.g. heat transfer in certain oceanographic models and slow flow in oil films, have the diffusive term described by the biharmonic operator. Such problems can be written, on the introduction of a secondary dependent variable, as a pair of coupled equations, one of Poissontype and the other of diffusion-type. The Laplace transform together with the dual reciprocity method can be used to solve the resulting pair of coupled equations. diffusion.
Using the exact Zoeppritz equations in pseudo-linear form: Isolating the effects of input errors

AVO inversions are carried out on synthetic data using a pseudo-linear form of the exact Zoeppritz equations in order to demonstrate the significance of various types of errors in the input data. Noise is represented by random Gaussian data added to the reflectivities, and this is shown to be one of the key sources of error. Error in the background parameters (β/α, ∆α/α, ∆β/β, ∆ρ/ρ) is represented by adding deviations to their exact values. Error in the incidence angle may be either random or systematic. Random errors are modeled with noise added to the assumed values. Systematic errors are represented by linearly scaling the assumed values. Some input errors are seen to result in contrast errors which are correlated with the value of ∆β/β. This method allows direct and quantitative comparison of the effect of input errors with the effect of approximations to the Zoeppritz equations. In this study comparisons are made with the effect of the Aki-Richards approximation.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS SCORE IN ICU-HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS INDICATES HIGHER NUTRITIONAL RISK AMONG POST CABG SUBJECTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN THE NORTH OF IRAN

Objectives: The current cross-sectional study intended to provide a comparative evaluation of nutritional status in the intensive care unit (ICU)-hospitalized patients according to the reasons for admission. Methodology: A total of 258 patients hospitalized for >24-hour in the ICU between February 2020- July 2021 were included. The subjects were categorized into five categories: burned injury (n=27), COVID-19 or other respiratory disorders (n=64), post coronary artery bypass graft surgery (post-CABG) (n=50), trauma (n=57), and miscellaneous causes (n=60). A modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score was applied to explore the nutritional status of the patients. Results: On average, the patients were 58± 16 years old that 46% (n=119) of them were females. The mean± SD of mNUTRIC score among patients with burned 2±1 and COVID-19 or other respiratory disorders 2±1 tended to be significantly lower than the others, including post-CABG 3±0 and patients with miscellaneous causes 3±2 (p-value=0.001). According to mNUTRIC score classifications, the majority of those who were transferred to ICU with burn or COVID-19 or other respiratory disorders were at low nutritional risk (mNUTRIC score:0-<3) (66.70%, and 67.20%, respectively); whereas relatively all post CABG subjects were at intermediate nutritional risk (mNUTRIC score:3-<5) (n= 48, 96.00%). A greater proportion of subjects in the miscellaneous category (n=12, 20.00%) were at high nutritional risk (mNUTRIC score:5-9) (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: It was revealed that approximately all post CABG and those admitted to ICU with miscellaneous causes were at a higher risk for impaired nutritional status and may require more in-depth evaluation for providing earlier nutritional support.
RELATIONSHIP OF LIFESTYLE AND DIETARY HABITS OF SOUTH-EAST ASIAN (PAKISTANI) POPULATION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is the leading cause of deaths globally. Apart from traditional risks, multiple indigenous factors are implicated to impact disease courses. Lifestyle factors distinct to South Asians may predispose to disease or serve a protective effect. Our study objective was to determine the Relationship of lifestyle and dietary habits of South-east Asian (Pakistani) population with cardiovascular diseases. Methodology: A case-control study was conducted from April to October 2021 in a two-thousand bedded university teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Out of 400 participants, 189 were cases with a documented cardiovascular event and 211 were controls. Participants >18 years were included whereas pregnant females and patients with congenital heart defects were excluded. A structured questionnaire was designed and implemented, and anthropometrics were recorded. Chi-square test, independent sample t-test and multivariate analysis were utilized via SPSSv23. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: From 400 participants, 189 cases and 211 controls were identified. 53.4% of the people consuming open spices had CVDs while 46.6% did not. While only 37% of people using home cooked spices had CVDs with an OR= 0.51(0.3-0.84, 95% CI, p=0.08). Our results showed an inverse or no relationship of high BMI with CVDs. No statistically significant results were observed of diabetes and hypertension with CVDs. Conclusion: Based on our results, home grounded condiments have a protective effects on CVD than open spices. With reference to CVD, poor lifestyle habits and anthropometric profiles of our controls indicate a need for urgent preventive measures at population level.
Poverty and Its Intractability: Causes and Consequences

Poverty is a disease that continues to cause insecurity and other forms of social vices in a country, which in turn affects the growth and development of the nation. The increasing poverty rate, especially in Nigeria, has become a complex problem that has resulted in economic degradation, which must be immediately resolved. Therefore, this study examines poverty and its intractability in Nigeria: causes and consequences. The study analyzes the data using Ordinary Least Square methods. The data were obtained from Federal Reserve Economic Data and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The results indicate that the poverty rate will rise by 0.035375 and 2.564296 units, respectively, for every unit increase in population and unemployment (UMP). Besides, the result shows that a unit increase in the human development index (HDI) will lead to a -4.347621 decrease in the poverty rate in Nigeria. The framework affirms that poverty is an intractability in Nigeria. The study consequently suggests that the government, non-governmental organizations, and private citizens prioritize funding for human development and embrace a solid fiscal policy that will boost economic output and lower the country's degree of poverty.
Structural Damage Detection Based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition: Experimental Verification

The present paper describes a new structural damage detection method based on the monitoring of vibrational properties of the structure. Sensors record the accelerations of several points of the structure. The recorded data are then used to compute the proper orthogonal modes. The comparison between the proper orthogonal modes of the undamaged structure and those of the damaged structure provides information on damage location. Experimental results are presented.
On a theorem of Nikodym with applications to weak convergence and von Neumann algebras

Notice that the content of Nikodym's theorem is not changed by assuming that T is a countable set and recall that a countably additive complex valued measure on a sigma algebra is bounded and finitely additive. An elementary example is given which illustrates that the theorem can not be extended to the case of bounded and countably additive measures on an algebra of sets. Next the theorem is extended, via a "sliding hump" argument, to the case where the measures are bounded and finitely additive on a sigma algebra. Then, after some remarks concerning weak convergence, the extended theorem is applied to extend recent results of Aarnes for normal functionals on a von Neumann algebra to the general case. In order to set the notation, let us begin by stating our extension of Nikodym's theorem [4, Th. 8, p. 309-311].
Separation of dielectric and space charge polarizations in CaCu3Ti4O12∕CaTiO3 composite polycrystalline systems

The complex analysis of dielectric/capacitance is a very useful approach to separate different polarization contributions existing in polycrystalline ceramics. In this letter, the authors use this type of spectroscopic analysis to separate the bulk’s dielectric dipolar relaxation contributions from the polarization contribution due to space charge in the grain boundaries of a CaCu3Ti4O12∕CaTiO3 polycrystalline composite system. The bulk dielectric dipolar relaxation was attributed to the self-intertwined domain structures from the CaCu3Ti4O12 phase coupled to the dipole relaxation from the CaTiO3 phase, while the space charge relaxation was attributed to the Schottky-type potential barrier responsible for the highly non-Ohmic properties observed in this composite polycrystalline system.
The Efficiency of Indonesian and Malaysian Sharia Bank in the Shadow of Covid-19 Pandemic: DEA Window Analysis

The Pandemic conditions can lead to various problems that can trigger financial distress and inefficiency, especially in the banking sector. In recent decades, there has been a rapid increase in sharia banking, and the importance of this sector to the economies of several countries. The assessment of sharia bank's efficiency will become important as efficiency reflects the banks' performance. This study aims to analyze the stability of sharia bank efficiency in Indonesia and Malaysia using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dan DEA Window method. This study uses 2015 to 2020 as a research period, especially to look at the stability efficiency of Indonesia and Malaysian Sharia Bank in the Covid-19 pandemic era. The result showed that Indonesia is better than Malaysia in terms of efficiency stability. However, both show a similar pattern, where there is a decrease in the average level of efficiency during the Covid-19 pandemic. From the perspective of efficiency stability analysis through several summary statistics such as its Standard Deviation (SD), Long Distance per Period (LDP), and Long Distance per Year (LDY), the sharia bank with the most relatively stable value of efficiency scores is Maybank Islamic Berhad, then followed by BRI Syariah and BSM.
Canadian Income Mobility in a Cross-National Perspective: Are We So Different?

This paper compares income mobility in Canada and three similar industrialized countries—the United States, Britain and Germany—during the 1990s and early 2000s, using recently developed CrossNational Equivalent Files (CNEF). The comparative perspective of cross-national experiences provides a chance to understand relative degree of equality and opportunity in Canada, and also helps identify the differences in the sources and structure of income mobility. Using a broad set of mobility indices, the results show that Canada is not so different from other countries in various measures when mobility over a longer-time period is observed. However, the results also find that income movements in Canada over this period are largely associated with transitory rather than permanent changes, suggesting a higher longterm inequality. Moreover, the analysis of income variability by sources discovers that government transfer system contributes to buffering household income changes due to other volatile components, and such stabilizing effects are more pronounced in Canada than in other countries. Also, the exploration of within-group mobility suggests that a large proportion of mobility is governed by unobserved heterogeneities, and the proportion is much higher in Canada.
Stellar core collapse - Numerical model and infall epoch

A numerical model based on hydrodynamics coupled to radiation transport of all neutrino types is developed for calculating stellar core collapse. General relativistic hydrodynamic equations for spherically symmetric systems including neutrino flow are obtained and presented in a form paralleling the adiabatic equations of May and White (1967). A multigroup, flux-limited diffusion scheme, used to evolve . nu. /sub e/'s, nu-bar/sub e/'s, and . nu. /sub . mu. / and . nu. /sub tau/ pairs independently, is derived from the neutrino Boltzmann equation. Expressions for the zeroth and first Legendre moments of all important neutrino interactions are derived from the standard model of electroweak interactions. Numerical values are obtained from these expressions (by numerical integration when necessary) during core-collapse calculations. An implicit numerical scheme for directly solving the neutrino equations, including the neutrino-electron scattering and neutrino thermal production terms, is presented. This scheme includes a consistent treatment of neutrino-matter decoupling in the neutrino transparent regimes. At the present time, the equation of state of Lamb et al. (1978, 1981) up to nuclear density, and that of Friedman and Pandharipande (1981) above nucleon density, are incorporated in the numerical model.