Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Massage Therapy with Lime (Citrus Aurantifolia) Essential Oil on the Recovery of Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness in Athletes

Background: Physical exercise is a systematic exercise to increase muscle strength achieve goals such as improving the athlete’s physical and preventing injury. Athletes must do is massage therapy to prevent muscle fatigue and pain due to physical exercise or during competition. The increase of lactic acid levels affects the maximum working ability of muscle fibers, decreases physical performance, and is fatigue in which the onset of pain. Lime essential oil as a topical oil contains high ester substances that have pharmacological effects such as natural analgesic effects to relieve pain. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of massage therapy with lime essential oil as a topical oil on the recovery of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in athletes. Methods: The participants are boxing athletes, 30 men, 20–22 years old, and non-smokers. Participants were divided into three groups. The exercise group (E) was doing exercises and was not given massage therapy; the exercise massage (EM) group, namely, doing exercises and being massaged with ordinary lotion as a topical oil; and the EM lime (EMC) group did exercises and was given a massage with lime essential oil as the topical oil. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the average levels of lactic acid (p = 0.000) and the athlete’s pain intensity (p = 0.000) in the three groups, namely, the exercise group (E), the exercise and massage group (EM), and the exercise and massage with lime essential oil (EMC). Conclusion: This study finds that lime essential oil used as topical massage therapy oil is better for accelerating the DOMS.
Peptidomic Characterization and Amino Acid Availability after Intake of Casein vs. a Casein Hydrolysate in a Pig Model

It is known that casein hydrolysis accelerates gastrointestinal transit in comparison to intact casein, although the effect of the protein hydrolysis on the composition of the digests is not fully understood. The aim of this work is to characterize, at the peptidome level, duodenal digests from pigs, as a model of human digestion, fed with micellar casein and a previously described casein hydrolysate. In addition, in parallel experiments, plasma amino acid levels were quantified. A slower transit of nitrogen to the duodenum was found when the animals received micellar casein. Duodenal digests from casein contained a wider range of peptide sizes and a higher number of peptides above five amino acids long in comparison with the digests from the hydrolysate. The peptide profile was markedly different, and although β-casomorphin-7 precursors were also found in hydrolysate samples, other opioid sequences were more abundant in the casein digests. Within the same substrate, the evolution of the peptide pattern at different time points showed minimal changes, suggesting that the protein degradation rate relies more on the gastrointestinal location than on digestion time. Higher plasma concentrations of methionine, valine, lysine and amino acid metabolites were found in animals fed with the hydrolysate at short times (<200 min). The duodenal peptide profiles were evaluated with discriminant analysis tools specific for peptidomics to identify sequence differences between both substrates that can be used for future human physiological and metabolic studies.
Efficiency of the Brain Network Is Associated with the Mental Workload with Developed Mental Schema

The study of mental workload has attracted much interest in neuroergonomics, a frontier field of research. However, there appears no consensus on how to measure mental workload effectively because the mental workload is not only regulated by task difficulty but also affected by individual skill level reflected as mental schema. In this study, we investigated the alterations in the functional brain network induced by a 10-day simulated piloting task with different difficulty levels. Topological features quantifying global and local information communication and network organization were analyzed. It was found that during different tests, the global efficiency did not change, but the gravity center of the local efficiency of the network moved from the frontal to the posterior area; the small-worldness of the functional brain network became stronger. These results demonstrate the reconfiguration of the brain network during the development of mental schema. Furthermore, for the first two tests, the global and local efficiency did not have a consistent change trend under different difficulty levels, but after forming the developed mental schema, both of them decreased with the increase in task difficulty, showing sensitivity to the increase in mental workload. Our results demonstrate brain network reconfiguration during the motor learning process and reveal the importance of the developed mental schema for the accurate assessment of mental workload. We concluded that the efficiency of the brain network was associated with mental workload with developed mental schema.
Hausdorff dimensions of the divergence points of self-similar measures with the open set condition

Let μ be the self-similar measure supported on the self-similar set K with the open set condition. For x ∊ K, let A(D(x)) denote the set of accumulation points of as r ↘ 0. In this paper, we show that the set A(D(x)) is either a singleton or a closed subinterval of for any x ∊ K, and for any closed subinterval determines the Hausdorff dimension of the set of points x for which the set A(D(x)) equals I. Our main result solves the conjecture posed by Olsen and Winter (2003 J. Lond. Math. Soc. 67 103–22) positively and generalizes the classical result of Arbeiter and Patzschke (1996 Math. Nachr. 181 5–42).
Microbiome diversity, composition and assembly in a California citrus orchard

The citrus root and rhizosphere microbiomes have been relatively well described in the literature, especially in the context of Huanglonbing disease. Yet questions addressing the assembly of root microbial endophytes have remained unanswered. In the above ground tree tissues, leaves and stems have been the research focus point, while flush and flower microbiomes, two important tissues in the vegetative and reproductive cycles of the tree, are not well described. In this study, the fungal and bacterial taxa in five biocompartments (bulk soil, rhizosphere, root endosphere, flower and flush) of citrus trees grown in a single California orchard were profiled using an amplicon-based metagenomic Illumina sequencing approach. Trees with no observable signs of abiotic or biotic stresses were sampled for two consecutive years during the floral development phase. The rhizosphere was the most biodiverse compartment compared to bulk soil, root endosphere, flower and flush microbiomes. In addition, the belowground bacteriome was more diverse than the mycobiome. Microbial richness decreased significantly from the root exosphere to the endosphere and was overall low in the above ground tissues. Root endophytic microbial community composition shared strong similarities to the rhizosphere but also contained few taxa from above ground tissues. Our data indicated compartmentalization of the microbiome with distinct profiles between above and below ground microbial communities. However, several taxa were present across all compartments suggesting the existence of a core citrus microbiota. These findings highlight key microbial taxa that could be engineered as biopesticides and biofertilizers for citriculture.
Dynamical Structure of the 2/1 Commensurability with Jupiter and the Origin of the Resonant Asteroids

Using a semi-analytic approach, we provide a three-dimensional picture of the secular dynamics in the 2/1 mean-motion commensurability, mapping the most chaotic regions and the two islands ofquasi-regularmotion. Five asteroids have recently been discovered in one of these islands and it has been conjectured that they were injected by the Themis-family formation event, which occurred close to the 2/1 resonance border. We show that this scenario is viable from the orbital and size distribution point of view and that it would also explain why no asteroids have been observed in the second island. Finally we discuss the possibility that the 2/1 resonance is the dominating source of CI and CM meteorites, as was suggested on spectroscopical bases. We find that the efficiency of the 2/1 resonance is far too small for it to be such a dominating source.
Microwave dielectric dispersion in PbHPO4

Abstract The paper presents the results of the microwave dielectric investigations of the ferroelectric PbHPO4. The full dielectric spectrum of the ferroelectric Debye-type relaxational dispersion over the range 106 to 1012 Hz confirms that the relaxational soft mode triggers the order-disorder type phase transition and accounts for the static permittivity.
Simulation of Wave Breaking in One-Dimensional Spectral Environment

Results of numerical investigations, based on full dynamic equations, are presented for wave breaking in a one-dimensional environment with a wave spectrum. The breaking is defined as a process of irreversible collapse of an individual wave in physical space, and the incipient breaker is a wave that reached a dynamic condition of the limiting stability where the collapse has not started yet but is inevitable. The main attention is paid to documenting the evolution of different wave characteristics before the breaking commences. It is shown that the breaking is a localized process that rapidly develops in space and time. No single characteristic, such as wave steepness, wave height, and asymmetry, can serve as a predictor of the incipient breaking. The process of breaking is intermittent; it happens spontaneously and is individually unpredictable. The evolution of geometric, kinematic, and dynamic characteristics of the breaking wave describes the process of breaking itself rather than indicating an imminent breaking. It is shown that the criterion of breaking, valid for the breaking due to modulation instability in one-dimensional waves trains, is not universal if applied to the conditions of spectral environment. In this context, the development of algorithms for parameterization of breaking for wave prediction models and for direct wave simulations is more important.
Stock market growth in Ghana: Do financial sector reforms matter?

Abstract Owing to the significant role of financial sector reforms in economic growth, several studies have examined its transmission channels. This paper focuses on the stock market channel by investigating the impact of financial sector reforms on stock market growth in Ghana from 1990 to 2019. A multidimensional index was constructed to measure the financial sector reforms. Employing fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and error-correction models, the findings reveal that financial sector reforms promote stock market growth in Ghana in the long run. By disaggregating the financial sector reforms, the findings reveal that competitive reform has the highest impact followed by behavioural and privatisation reforms respectively. Finally, the findings reveal a bi-causal relationship between financial sector reforms and stock market growth. The paper thus implores the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to reinforce its supervisory role, policy implementation, and investor protection laws to ensure greater compliance with the reforms. In addition, macroeconomic policies that are helpful to the growth of the capital market must be deepened to stimulate expected growth in the Ghanaian stock market.
RaSRNet: An End-to-End Relation-Aware Semantic Reasoning Network for Change Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images

Optical remote sensing images (RSIs) are used in surface observation, and one of the most interesting research topics is change detection (CD). The internal problem of RSIs, including multiscales changed objects and cluttered background, still deserves attention. Existing methods make great efforts to solve this problem but inevitably miss detection, which affects the model performance. To address this dilemma, this article proposes a relation-aware semantic reasoning network (RaSRNet) in an end-to-end manner to pop-out change objects in RSIs, where the key point is to perceive contextual semantic information. The relation-aware (Ra) module in RaSRNet combats the lack of contextual information caused by the limited receptive field (RF) of the general convolutional layer, which facilitates all-around changed object detection. The multilevel semantic reasoning encoder–decoder (ED) backbone in RaSRNet extracts and reconstructs pixel semantic information, alleviates the interference of background noise, and improves the integrity recognition of changed objects. In addition, the decoder backend undertakes two semantic segmentation branches and introduces a semantic reasoning loss between the two branches to infer pixel semantic categories, which provides more accurate semantic features for the CD. Extensive experiments are conducted on the three public RSI CD datasets, and the results demonstrate that the proposed RaSRNet can accurately locate changed objects, which consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art CD competitors.
The Edinburgh–Durham Southern Galaxy Catalogue – V. The cluster correlation function

The spatial cluster correlation function for a 90 per cent complete sample of 79 clusters from the Edinburgh-Durham Southern Galaxy Catalogue is presented. These clusters are selected in an objective manner using an automated cluster-finding algorithm and correspond to a richness mid-way between the Abell richness classes RC=0 and 1. Projection effects in this sample have been reduced by using a small cluster radius and deblending overlapping clusters.
Sub-bottom scattering: A modeling approach

Bottom scatter strength data exhibit artifacts when the sub-bottom plays a role in the scattering process. The artifacts arise from the classical assumption in the data processing that the scattering process occurs at the water–sediment interface. Many of the current bottom scattering models, even those that explicitly treat sub-bottom scattering, do not address these artifacts. A new bottom scatter modeling approach is proposed. The essence of the approach is to (1) employ a geoacoustic model capable of predicting the sub-bottom insonified field, (2) avoid the usual plane-wave assumption, and (3) compute the received level in the time domain. The first condition suggests the analysis of bottom loss data concurrent with bottom scatter data and leads naturally to the idea of a self-consistent geoacoustic basis. The model is employed to analyze a data set that showed surprising discrepancies between low angle (<20°) and intermediate angle (28°–50°) bottom scattering strength. The proposed acoustic model pre.
Non-spherical core-collapse supernovae: evolution towards homologous expansion

We study the hydrodynamic evolution of a non-spherical core-collapse supernova in multidimensions. We begin our study from the moment of shock revival and continue for the first week after the explosion when the expansion of the supernova ejecta becomes homologous. We observe the growth and interaction of Richtmyer–Meshkov, Rayleigh–Taylor and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities resulting in an extensive mixing of the heavy elements throughout the ejecta. We obtain a series of models at progressively higher resolution and provide a preliminary discussion of numerical convergence. Unlike in previous studies, our computations are performed in a single domain. Periodic mesh mapping (Couch et al 2009 Astrophys. J. 696 953–70 and Kifonidis et al 2006 Astron. Astrophys. 453 661–78) is avoided. This is made possible by employing an adaptive mesh refinement strategy in which the computational workload (defined as the product of the total number of computational cells and the length of the time step) is monitored and, if necessary, limited. Our results are in overall good agreement with the simulations reported by Kifonidis et al (2006 Astron. Astrophys. 453 661–78). We demonstrate, however, that the amount of mixing and the kinematic properties of radioactive species (i.e. 56Ni) are extremely anisotropic. In particular, we find that the model displays a strong tendency to expand laterally away from the equatorial plane towards the poles. Although this tendency is usually attributed to numerical artefacts characteristic of computations with assumed symmetry (axis effect), the observed behaviour can be largely explained by the structure of the neutrino-driven explosion model. Future studies are needed to establish to what degree the morphology of a young supernova remnant can be used to probe early stages of the explosion especially in situations when the standing accretion shock instability is at work within the first second after core bounce.
Current Trends in Mucosal Melanomas: An Overview

Simple Summary This review provides an updated overview about molecular features, clinical advancements and therapeutic directions of the primary mucosal melanoma which represents a rare and heterogeneous malignancy characterized by a poor prognosis. Abstract Primary mucosal melanomas (MMs) are uncommon tumors originating from melanocytes located in the mucous membranes at various anatomic sites within the body. MM significantly differs from cutaneous melanoma (CM) regarding epidemiology, genetic profile, clinical presentation, and response to therapies. Despite these differences, that have important implications for both disease diagnosis and prognosis, MMs are usually treated in the same way as CM but exhibit a lower response rate to immunotherapy leading to a poorer survival rate. Furthermore, a high inter-patient variability can be observed in relation to therapeutic response. Recently, novel “omics” techniques have evidenced that MM lesions have different genomic, molecular, and metabolic landscapes as compared with CM lesions, thus explaining the heterogeneity of the response. Such specific molecular aspects might be useful to identify new biomarkers aimed at improving the diagnosis and selection of MM patients who could benefit from immunotherapy or targeted therapy. In this review, we have focused on relevant molecular and clinical advancements for the different MM subtypes in order to describe the updated knowledge relating to main diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic implications as well as to provide hints on likely future directions.
Three-waveguide couplers for improved sampling and filtering

Coupling between two uncoupled waveguides in proximity can be affected by introducing a third waveguide between them. One advantage of this scheme is that it can eliminate the need for bends. Another advantage is the resulting improvement in the shape of the transfer characteristic. Improved sampling and tunable filter operation of this new structure are also shown. An analysis of a uniform filter structure is presented. The "sidelobe" analysis of Alferness is adapted to the present case and tapers are investigated for further sidelobe suppression.
A variance reduction technique based on integral representations

Abstract Standard Monte Carlo methods can often be significantly improved with the addition of appropriate variance reduction techniques. In this paper a new and powerful variance reduction technique is presented. The method is based directly on the Itô calculus and is used to find unbiased variance-reduced estimators for the expectation of functionals of Itô diffusion processes. The approach considered has wide applicability: for instance, it can be used as a means of approximating solutions of parabolic partial differential equations or applied to valuation problems that arise in mathematical finance. We illustrate how the method can be applied by considering the pricing of European-style derivative securities for a class of stochastic volatility models, including the Heston model.
Roche lobe effects on expanded upper atmospheres of short-periodic giant exoplanets

Theoretical studies and recent observational evidence of the expansion of the atmospheres of short-periodic exoplanets show that the atmospheres extend up to several planetary radii. This indicates that the atmospheres experience blow-off conditions. Because of the short orbital distance to their host stars, the expansion of the upper atmosphere is no longer radially symmetric, but depends on the direction to the central body, resulting in a deformation of the expanded atmosphere. We show the connection between atmospheric expansion, tidal forces and effects of the Roche potential and find that HD 209458 b, OGLE-TR-10b and OGLE-TR-111b are most likely in a state of classical hydrodynamical blow-off, because the distance where blow-off can occur is less than the distance to the Lagrangian point L 1. On the other hand, OGLE-TR-56 b, OGLE-TR-113 b. OGLE-TR-132b and TreS-1 experience a geometrical blow-off defined by the Roche lobe as proposed by Lecavelicr des Etangs et al. (2004, A&A, 418, LI). Our results have important implications for the evolution of short periodic gas giants, because the Roche lobe overflow of the atmosphere can lead to lower mass loss rates over the exoplanets history, compared to gas giants which experience hydrodynamic expansion and loss unaffected by this boundary. Thus, massive exoplanets like OGLE-TR-56 b in very close orbital distances are subject to geometrical blow-off conditions, this results in a total mass loss for this particular exoplanet of the order of about 3 × 10 -2 M pl over the planets age, even if current mass loss rates of about 2 x 10 11 g s -1 are calculated. If the exoplanet effected by the geometrical blow-off is more massive, the mass loss rate is even lower. However, giant exoplanets like HD 209458 b, OGLE-TR-10b and OGLE-TR-111 b at orbital distances of about 0.05 AU may experience classical hydrodynamic blow-off conditions, which can result in higher mass loss rates. Thus, such planets may shrink to their core sizes during the X-ray and EUV active periods of their host stars as proposed by Lammer et al. (2003, ApJ, L121, 598) and Baraffe et al. (2004, A&A, 419, LI 3).
Characteristics of flow over two circular cylinders in a side-by-side arrangement at low Reynolds numbers

Two-dimensional flow over two circular cylinders in a side-by-side arrangement at low Reynolds numbers has been numerically investigated in this study. For the study, numerical simulations are performed, using the immersed boundary method, in the ranges of 40⩽Re⩽160 and g*<5, where Re and g* are, respectively, the Reynolds number and the spacing between the two cylinder surfaces divided by the cylinder diameter. Results show that a total of six kinds of wake patterns are observed over the ranges: antiphase-synchronized, in-phase-synchronized, flip-flopping, deflected, single bluff-body, and steady wake patterns. It is found that the characteristics of the flow significantly depend both on the Reynolds number and gap spacing, with the latter much stronger than the former. Instantaneous flow fields, time traces, flow statistics and so on are presented to identify the wake pattern and then to understand the underlying mechanism. Moreover, the bifurcation phenomena where either of two wake patterns can occur .
The Distribution of the Size of the Maximum Cluster of Points on a Line

Abstract N points are independently drawn from the uniform distribution on (0, 1). Denote by E(n|N; p), the event: There exists a subinterval of (0, 1) of length p that contains at least n out of the N points. We find the probability, P(n|N; p), of E(n|N; p) for n>N/2 in terms of simple tabulated quantities.