Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalised golden ratios

Given a finite set of real numbers A, the generalised golden ratio is the unique number G(A) > 1 for which we only have trivial unique expansions in smaller bases, and non-trivial unique expansions in larger bases. We show that G(A) varies continuously with the alphabet A (of fixed size), and we calculate G(A) for certain alphabets. As we vary a single parameter within A, the generalised golden ratio function may behave like a constant function, a linear function, and even a square root function. We also build upon the work of Komornik, Lai, and Pedicini (2011) and study generalised golden ratios over ternary alphabets. We give a new proof of their main result, that is we explicitly calculate the function G({0, 1,m}). (For a ternary alphabet, it may be assumed without loss of generality that A = {0, 1,m}.) We also study the set of m ∈ (1, 2] for which G({0, 1,m}) = 1 + √ m and prove that it is an uncountable set of Hausdorff dimension 0. Last of all we show that the function mapping m to G({0, 1,m}) is of bounded variation yet has unbounded derivative. Mathematics Subject Classification 2010: 11A63, 28A80.
Gender disparity in cassava farmers access to agricultural productive resources in Rongo Sub County, Migori County, Kenya

The disparities in access to productive resources keep on smothering agricultural growth and development, particularly in developing countries. This study was informed by the feminist political economy (FPE) framework to assessing the relationship between gender and access to agricultural productive resources among cassava farmers in Kenya. The research utilised mixed methods including the use of a survey instrument and focus group discussions. The FGDs included 30 participants. A cross-sectional survey of 92 farmers was conducted using simple random sampling and purposive sampling. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 2 out of 4 administrative wards in Rongo Sub County. Socioeconomic and gender and access to productive resources used descriptive statistics and Chi-square, respectively in SPSS Version 23. Qualitative data were analysed using NVivo. The findings showed that access to resources such as farmland, agricultural credit, agricultural extension services, and ICT, family and hired labour, and improved cassava varieties were gendered. The gendered access to productive resources cut across class, age, education and socio-cultural norms inform access to and control over resources. The study suggests that agricultural advisory services must prioritise women of low educational background and class living in patrilineal settings. This ought to be approached from a transactional gendered outlook considering men and women skewed access to agricultural productive resources to close the gender gap.
Effect of Carob Pulp (Ceratonia Siliqua L.) on Fattening Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Moroccan Breed Deroua Lambs

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating different levels of carob pulp (CP) on fattening performance, carcass characteristics and meat qualityof the Moroccan sheep breed Deroua. Thirty-six entire maleMoroccan breed Deroua lambs with aninitial body weight of 23.5±3.1 kg and age 120±10 days, were randomly divided into three diet’streatmentsof 12 animals: T0(0%CP), T1(10%CP) and T2(20%CP) containing 0, 10 and 20 % of CP, respectively. The experiment lasted 80 days, including 5 days of adaptation to different diets. Lambs were weighed every 15 days, while feed intake was determineddaily. At the end of the experiment, 27 lambs (9per treatment) were slaughtered to determinecarcass characteristics and meat quality. Final body weight and average daily gain (P<0.05) were affected by treatment diet. The inclusion of 10% CP led to a decrease in feed conversion ratio and feeding costs. Carcass characteristics were not affected by diets (P>0.05),except, in case of mesenteric fat (P<0.05) with superiority recorded in treatment diet T1(10%CP). Meat quality parameters were not affected by diets. The meat of lambs feddiets T1 and T2 tended to be lighter in color and less red than those fed diet T0. The results of this work showed that carob pulp can be used as an alternative feedstuff from fattening lambs to reduce feeding costs without affecting fattening performance.
Assessment of Wastewater Irrigation Practices and Soil Properties in the Gazipur District of Bangladesh

The study deals with the assessment of wastewater irrigation practices and soil properties in connection with demographic information, availability of water sources, health hazards and the benefit-cost analysis in the Gazipur district of Bangladesh. A questionnaire survey was carried out to collect data on farmers' perceptions and responses to mainly agricultural production issues. It found that most respondents used wastewater because they had no alternative sources and sank their land during rush hour as well as the rainy season due to the lack of a proper wastewater disposal system by adjacent industries. The majority of respondents had skin problems from working with wastewater. No significant benefits were found from using direct wastewater in the fields. Irrigation costs could be reduced, however, fertilizer costs as well as the total cost of plant production were not adequate. The farmers did not get as much grown grain as they wanted. In addition, indirect wastewater users were rated better compared to direct users from the drainage canal. Farmers' perception showed that no major impact on the consumption of crops was noted, but rather the long-term use of wastewater in the field, which gradually reduced crop production and affected soil fertility. To evaluate Ca ++, Mg ++, K +, N, P, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni from the investigation area; It was examined that the concentration of N, P and Cd was much higher than the standard limit. The heavy metal concentration series were as follows: Cd <Cu <Ni <Pb. In summary, the overall results of the study suggest that untreated or partially treated wastewater will slowly affect land and crop production in the long run.
Using a Program Based on Community Language Learning (CLL) for Remedying Some Speaking Difficulties of EFL First- grade Secondary Stage Students

The study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of using a proposed program based on Community Language Learning (CLL) for remedying some speaking difficulties of EFL First-grade secondary stage students. The participants of the study were Sixty (60) first year secondary stage students from Om AlMomneen secondary school, Damietta, Egypt. The study adopted the quasiexperimental research design. So, there were two groups: an experimental group (n= 30) and a control one (n= 30). Instruments designed and used in the study were EFL speaking difficulties test and observation checklist. The experimental treatment was conducted during the second semester in the academic year 2018/2019. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups on both instruments (EFL speaking difficulties test and observation checklist) in favor of the experimental group. In addition, there were statistically significant differences between preand postlevels of the experimental group on both instruments in favor of the post level. These results indicated that the program based on Community Language Learning (CLL) contributed in remedying the essential EFL speaking difficulties
Occurrence of Bovine Cysticercosis among Cattle Slaughtered At Sokoto Modern Abattoir

DOI: 10.21276/haya.2018. 3.12. 3 Abstract: A study on bovine cysticercosis was conducted at Sokoto modern abattoir with the main objectives of determining the occurrence of cysticercosis in slaughtered cattle. A total of 80 samples were collected each containing of Heart, Tongue, Lungs, Liver, Kidney, Diaphragm and Masseter and investigated appropriately for Cysticercus cyst. Out of the total 80 inspected animals, 7 animals had variable number of Cysticercus bovis giving an overall prevalence of 8.8%. Anatomical distribution of the cyst showed that the highest proportions of C. bovis cyst were observed in tongue, followed by heart, triceps and masseter muscle. The main reason for the cysticercosis is the primary host (Humans) depositing T. saginata eggs on vegetation and from where cattle contracted the disease during grazing.
EFFECT OF CAREER PLATEAU ON HEAD NURSES' CAREER AND JOB SATISFACTION, AND TURNOVER INTENTION

Background: Today, at one time or another, everybody's career reaches a point where further hierarchical development is limited. Head nurses have to face the fact that they have to remain longer than expected in the same place and become plateaued with various negative work outcomes such as career dissatisfaction, job dissatisfaction, and turnover. So, the study aim to determine the effect of career plateau on head nurses career and job satisfaction and turnover intentions at Main Mansura University Hospital . Subjects and Methods: A descriptive design was used in this study and the convenient sample was used that conducted on 98 head nurses working at Main Mansoura University Hospital by using two tools as: Career Plateau Questionnaire to assess career plateau . Career Satisfaction, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention Questionnaire to assess Career Satisfaction, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention . Results: There was no significant correlation between career plateau and career, job satisfaction and turnover intention among head nurses (n=98). The mean score of total career plateau was highest (41.18±3.65), and the mean score of total career satisfaction (13.60±4.39) and job satisfaction (56.64±12.16) was lowest, but the mean score of total turnover intention (9.41±2.63) was highest. Recommendation: Create a real plan to improve the careers of the head nurses to reduce the career plateau. Identify and manage the factors that create positive attitudes towards increasing head nurse effectiveness, collaborative management and recruitment.
Probabilistic Prediction for Binary Treatment Choice: with Focus on Personalized Medicine

This paper carries further my research applying statistical decision theory to treatment choice with sample data, using maximum regret to evaluate the performance of treatment rules. The specific new contribution is to study as-if optimization using estimates of illness probabilities, when choosing between surveillance and aggressive treatment. With this motivation, I introduce a new form of analysis of kernel estimation. Beyond its specifics, the paper sends a broad message. Biostatisticians and computer scientists have addressed medical risk assessment in alternative indirect ways, the former applying classical statistical theory and the latter measuring ex-post prediction accuracy in test samples. Neither approach is satisfactory. Statistical decision theory provides a coherent, generally applicable methodology. I am grateful for comments from Michael Gmeiner, Valentyn Litvin, and Filip Obradovic. I am grateful to Litvin and Gmeiner for programming the computations in Sections 4.1 and 4.2 respectively.
Donor selection for lung transplant in Turkey: Is it necessary to wait for an ideal donor?

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the donor criteria used in lung transplantation in our clinic. Methods A total of 55 cadaveric donors who were accepted for lung transplantation in our clinic between December 2016 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed according to ideal donor criteria. The donors were divided into two groups as ideal and non-ideal ones according to their age, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, history of smoking, and ventilation day. Donor data, recipient characteristics and survival outcomes were evaluated. Results Of 55 donors accepted for lung transplantation, 24 (43.7%) were ideal and 31 (56.3%) were non-ideal donors. The 90-day mortality and one-year survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups. The 90-day mortality was 25% in the ideal group and 22.6% in the non-ideal group (p=0.834). The one-year survival rates after lung transplantation were 64.5% versus 70.6% in the ideal and non-ideal groups, respectively (p=0.444). Conclusion The whole clinical picture should be evaluated before accepting or rejecting donors for lung transplantation. The use of lung donors that do not meet the ideal criteria does not impair short- and mid-term results, compared to ideal lung donors. Strict implementation of donor criteria may prevent using suitable donors for lung transplantation. Use of non-ideal donors can reduce waiting list mortality.
Comparative Study on the Natural and Synthetic Hormones of Clarias gariepinus Broodstock

The study was carried out for six (6) weeks at the Department of Fisheries Teaching and Research farm, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, to compare the reproductive performance of Clarias gariepinus using synthetic (ovaprim) and natural (C. gariepinus pituitary extract) hormones . At the end of the feeding trial, the fecundity, percentage fertilization, hatchability, and survival rates of the hatchlings were estimated using standard procedure. The hatchlings were further raised for six weeks and the increase in weight was determined. The results showed that female broodstock injected with C. gariepinus pituitary extract (CgPE) had a higher fecundity (124,000) while the female injected with Ovaprim had 65,000 eggs. The weight of the testes significantly differed (p<0.05) across the treatments, the right lobe weighed 1.63g while the left lobe weighed 1.98g . Subsequently, a higher fertilization rate was recorded in CgPE (91.1%) while Ovaprim had 85.55% . However, Ovaprim had a higher percentage hatchability of 82.93% while CgPE had 82.73% . At the end of the six (6) weeks feeding period, the survival rate was higher in the fish treated with CgPE (82.31%) while the fish injected with Ovaprim had 79.68% . The research exposed the efficacy of using CgPE in the absence of synthetic hormone, CgPE is a preferred substitute that Hatchery managers can utilize for fingerlings production.
SynCirc: Efficient Synthesis of Depth-Optimized Circuits for Secure Computation

Secure Multi-party Computation (MPC) allows to securely compute on private data. To make MPC practical, logic synthesis can be used to automatically translate a description of the function to be computed securely into optimized and error-free boolean circuits. The work of Demmler et al. (CCS'15) used industry-grade hardware synthesis tools (DC, Yosys) to generate depth-optimized circuits for MPC. To evaluate their optimized circuits, they used the ABY framework (Demmler et al., NDSS'15) for secure two-party computation. The recent ABY2.0 framework (Patra et al., USENIX Security'21) presented round-efficient constructions using multi-input AND gates and improved over ABY by at least 6× in online communication. In this work, we propose SynCirc, an efficient hardware synthesis framework designed for MPC applications. Our framework is based on Verilog and the open-source tool Yosys-ABC. It provides custom libraries and new constraints that accommodate multi-input AND gates. With this, we improve over the work of Demmler et al. by up to 3× in multiplicative depth with a corresponding improvement in online round complexity. Moreover, we provide efficient realizations of several new building blocks including comparison, multiplexers, and equality check. For these building blocks, we achieve improvements in multiplicative depth/online rounds between 22.3% and 66.7%. With these improvements, our framework makes multi-round MPC better-suited for high-latency networks such as the Internet.
Influence of the Herbal Preparation "Licorice Oil" on the State of Hematopoiesis in Rats Under Ionizing Irradiation

The radioprotective effect of the herbal preparation "Licorice oil" on the hematopoietic system and oxidative stress was studied. The experiment was carried out on 30 male Wistar rats, divided into 3 groups. The first group is control group, the second is irradiation with 6Gy, third group - a week before irradiation and two weeks after, received "Licorice oil" intragastrically at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg of body weight. Gamma irradiation significantly reduced the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, thrombocytes in peripheral blood and bone marrow cellularity. The frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes of the bone marrow has significantly increased. The level of lipid peroxidation in the blood increased against the background of a significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The introduction of "Licorice oil" for 21 days provided a protective effect. In application of "Licorice oil", there was an increase in the number of cellular elements in the peripheral blood and against the background of a decrease in the frequency of micronuclei in the bone marrow. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in blood plasma increases against the background of a decrease in the amount of peroxidation products. The herbal preparation "Licorice oil" exhibits antioxidant activity, reduces genotoxicity and cytotoxicity under gamma irradiation. "Licorice oil" can be used to prevent radiation damage.
IT and Urban Polarization

We show that differential IT investment across cities has been a key driver of job and wage polarization since the 1980s. Using a novel data set, we establish two stylized facts: IT investment is highest in firms in large and expensive cities, and the decline in routine cognitive occupations is most prevalent in large and expensive cities. To explain these facts, we propose a model mechanism where the substitution of routine workers by IT leads to higher IT adoption in large cities due to a higher cost of living and higher wages. We estimate the spatial equilibrium model to trace out the effects of IT on the labor market between 1990 and 2015. We find that the fall in IT prices explains 50 percent of the rising wage gap between routine and non-routine cognitive jobs. The decline in IT prices also accounts for 28 percent of the shift in employment away from routine cognitive towards non-routine cognitive jobs. Moreover, our estimates show that the impact of IT is uneven across space. Expensive locations have seen a stronger displacement of routine cognitive jobs and a larger widening of the wage gap between routine and non-routine cognitive jobs.
The Politics of Bank Opacity

Abstract The distribution of power in the political system shapes the financial reporting opacity of banks. Specifically, banks located in states with senators on the Senate Banking Committee (BC senators) have greater abnormal loan loss provisions than banks in other states. The result is stronger for larger banks and banks with higher risk. In addition, BC senators have a negative effect on the likelihood of banks in their home states receiving enforcement actions, and, more importantly, this effect is stronger for more opaque banks. These findings suggest that politicians, regulators, and banks use opaque financial reporting to facilitate regulatory forbearance. Moreover, we show that opacity is a significant channel through which BC senators increase bank risk. During economic downturns, however, BC senators appear to promote bank opacity to encourage bank lending and create liquidity. Finally, the capital market does not penalize the reporting opacity of banks in states with BC senators.
The Legacy of Violence: Building or Destroying Trust? Evidence from Colombia's La Violencia

This paper examines how trust on institutions and organizations are shaped according to age and exposure to violence during La Violencia. It also evaluates how people's actual trust on different groups (out-group trust) changes in municipalities that were exposed to violence in comparison to municipalities that were not exposed. From 1950's to the mid 1960's, Colombia experienced a period of intense civil wars and conflicts between social classes known as La Violencia. Using evidence on the index of violence built by Guzman et al. (2006) during this period and the Political Culture Survey of 2019, the main objective of this paper is to find whether people trust on State's institutions and people from different groups in municipalities that were mostly affected by violence. To complement the analysis, I analyzed press articles and news by the newspaper El Tiempo from 1950 to 1990 to find how is the perception of the State's legitimacy. After gathering information on 13,413 interviewees, I found that people who live during La Violencia trust less on government institutions and more on certain groups of people (neighbours). Moreover, people over 84 years-old living in municipalities that were exposed to La Violencia trust less on strangers and immigrants than younger people living in the same municipalities. These findings are supported in two mechanisms: deficient government-citizens relationship over time and risk aversion. That is, people who live in municipalities affected by violence during the bipartisan conflict are more risk averse and therefore show less trust on different groups of people. The revision of press articles suggest that there is a tendency of mistrust on State's actions, at least among high educated individuals.
Religiosity and Corporate Social Responsibility

This paper examines the hypothesis that religious firms are more socially responsible. By utilizing a novel measure of religiosity that reflects firm-level adherence to Christian values, we find that religiousness is positively associated with the CSR performance of large U.S. firms after controlling for state-level religiosity and various firm characteristics. Specifically, religious firms have better social and environmental responsibility scores and the documented positive relationship is particularly strong with respect to CSR strategy, product responsibility, and responsible use of resources. Overall, our empirical findings suggest that faith-driven corporate policies and values may encourage socially responsible behavior.
Mandatory XBRL Adoption, Product Market Competition, and Information Environment

This paper analyzes the impact of information processing cost on the quality of public information production by managers and analysts in the presence of product market competition. Using the staggered adoptions of XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) as a natural experiment, we identify and estimate the impact of XBRL’s lower information processing cost. The evidence shows that both managers and analysts are more consistent and accurate in forecasting earnings and that stock prices incorporate more firm-specific information, after XBRL implementations, especially in less competitive industries. These results are consistent with prior theoretical and empirical findings (Peress (2010), Kurlat and Veldkamp (2015), Gaspar and Massa (2006), Dong et al. (2016)).