Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CardiomyopathyTRIF Is a Critical Survival Factor in Viral

TRIF is a member of the innate immune system known to be involved inviral recognition and type I IFN activation. Because IFNs are thought to play an important role in viral myocarditis, we investigated the role of TRIF in induced myocarditis in mice. Whereas C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice showed only mild myocarditis, including normal survival postinfection with coxsackievirus group B serotype 3 (CVB3), infection of TRIF 2 / 2 mice led to the induction of cardiac remodeling, severe heart failure, and 100% mortality ( p , 0.0001). These mice showed markedly reduced virus control in cardiac tissues and cardiomyocytes. This was accompained with dynamic cardiac cytokine activation in the heart, including a suppression of the antiviral cytokine IFN- b in the early viremic phase. TRIF 2 / 2 myocytes displayed a TLR4-dependent suppression of IFN- b , and pharmacological treatment of CVB3-infected TRIF 2 / 2 mice with murine IFN- b led to improved virus control and reduced cardiac inﬂammation. Additionally, this treatment within the viremic phase of myocarditis showed a signiﬁcant long-term outcome indexed by reduced mortality (20 versus 100%; p , 0.001). TRIF is essential toward a cardioprotection against CVB3 infection. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 186: 2561–2570. and sudden patients The clinical course of limited
Text Complexity in the Digital Humanities — A Case Study on 18th Century Periodicals

Historical texts are an important source to understand historical events and societal developments. In traditional literary studies, such documents are analyzed using close reading, which is tedious and time-consuming for large text corpora. Thus, computational literary scholars have adopted and developed automated and quantitative methods that complement and contribute to insights of close reading. In this case study, we show that text complexity measures are meaningful additions to these methods. Specifically, we apply interpretable measures of reading ease and of syntactic and lexical richness to historical texts and show that the obtained quantitative results are consistent with findings from close reading.
C URRENT CLIMATE OVERRIDES HISTORICAL EFFECTS ON SPECIES RICHNESS AND RANGE SIZE OF FRESHWATER PLANTS IN E UROPE AND N ORTH A MERICA

1. The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) hypothesis suggests that species richness should be highest at low latitudes, whereas Rapoport’s rule states that largest ranges ought to be found for species at high latitudes. However, there is no consensus over these patterns and their underlying drivers in the freshwater realm. 2. We investigated species richness and mean range size of freshwater plants in 50 km × 50 km grid cells across Europe (40°N to 71°N) and North America (25°N to 78°N), supplemented with data based on 1° latitudinal bands for mean range size. We were especially interested to find out whether there are similarities and differences in these ecogeographical patterns and their underlying drivers between the continents due to their contrasting historical characteristics, spatial extent and topography. 3. First, we used partial regression to reveal whether species richness and mean range size of freshwater plants have a linear or quadratic relationship with latitude. Second, we employed variation partitioning based on partial regression to model relationships between plant species richness and mean range size and four explanatory variable groups (i.e., environmental features, current climate, historical climate and geographical location). Third, we utilized boosted
of TCR Specificity Between Peptide Residues in the Delineation The Importance of Pairwise Interactions

A minimal, nonamer epitope (TEMEKEGKI) from the reverse transcriptase protein of HIV-1, restricted by H-2K k , was identiﬁed and the function of individual residues determined. Besides classical anchor residues at positions 2 and 9, methionine at position 3 was identiﬁed as an important MHC anchor and improved binding of a different (malarial) nonamer epitope to H-2K k , albeit while also abolishing CTL recognition. Lysine at position 5 was replaceable by alanine for CTL raised against wild-type peptide but abolished recognition for CTL raised against the variant 5ALA peptide, indicating a unidirectional cross-reactivity. Inter-estingly, one CTL line raised against the 5ALA substituted peptide was permissive for a double substitution at positions 5 and 6, in which lysine was permissive at position 5 only if the adjacent glutamic acid was replaced by alanine. Extensive analysis revealed three distinct patterns of responses with peptides doubly substituted in this region: recognition of both single substitutions but not the double substitution, recognition of only one single substitution but also the double substitution, or recognition of both single substitutions and the double substitution. A second complementary substitution can therefore restore function lost through a ﬁrst substitution. Thus, no residue acts independently of its neighbors, and pairs of substitutions may give results not predictable from the effects of each taken singly. This ﬁnding may have bearing on viral infections (such as HIV), in which the accumulation of two mutations in the epitope may lead to the reengagement of memory CTL previously silenced by the initial mutation. The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 161: 4728–4735.
Perceived Sensory Dimensions A Human-Centred Approach to Environmental Planning and Design

Increased urbanization, stress and lifestyle related illness, and biodiversity loss are some of the most urgent challenges today. The potential contributions from green spaces and infrastructures in relation to these challenges are several. In addition to benefits such as climate and water regulation, air purification, food production, and biodiversity conservation, certain aesthetic, i.e. perceived, qualities of green features and natural settings have been shown important for people’s health and wellbeing. The potential of such qualities to aid restoration from stress and attention fatigue is well documented. It has also been suggested that they could support pro-environmental behaviours, promote physical activity, and increase general wellbeing. A difference between grey/urban and green/natural settings has been highlighted in previous research. There is a need however for a more nuanced understanding of the most important qualities in the environment to consider in order to support human health and wellbeing over time. Through a universal, human-centred approach, where needs, motivations, and meaningful experiences are considered before specific means of physical implementation, this thesis adopts a framework of eight aesthetic qualities, termed perceived sensory dimensions, accounting for basic human needs in relation to green areas. This framework is investigated and developed in different contexts and at different scales to aid an evidence-based approach to environmental design, planning, and evaluation from a human health and wellbeing perspective. A dialectic model based on the framework is suggested as a means to facilitate the inclusion of this level of analysis in, e.g. transand interdisciplinary research settings, and in environmental design and planning practices.
NoiLin: Improving adversarial training and correcting stereotype of noisy labels

Adversarial training (AT) formulated as the minimax optimization problem can effectively enhance the model's robustness against adversarial attacks. The existing AT methods mainly focused on manipulating the inner maximization for generating quality adversarial variants or manipulating the outer minimization for designing effective learning objectives. However, empirical results of AT always exhibit the robustness at odds with accuracy and the existence of the cross-over mixture problem, which motivates us to study some label randomness for benefiting the AT. First, we thoroughly investigate noisy labels (NLs) injection into AT's inner maximization and outer minimization, respectively and obtain the observations on when NL injection benefits AT. Second, based on the observations, we propose a simple but effective method -- NoiLIn that randomly injects NLs into training data at each training epoch and dynamically increases the NL injection rate once robust overfitting occurs. Empirically, NoiLIn can significantly mitigate the AT's undesirable issue of robust overfitting and even further improve the generalization of the state-of-the-art AT methods. Philosophically, NoiLIn sheds light on a new perspective of learning with NLs: NLs should not always be deemed detrimental, and even in the absence of NLs in the training set, we may consider injecting them deliberately. Codes are available in https://github.com/zjfheart/NoiLIn.
Examining profitability of Hammer candlestick pattern in Indian Stock Market

This paper focuses exclusively on a single candlestick reversal pattern ‗Hammer‘. Its profitability is investigated by using daily data of Nifty 50 component stocks over the period from August 1, 1998 till December 31, 2017. Seven different trading strategies based on hammer are tested using bootstrapped skewness adjusted t-test and binomial test. The success of five trading strategies shows that hammer pattern has significant predictive power in Indian stock market. The study recommends that one should trade hammers of significantly larger size, keep the stop loss at the low of the hammer and exit the long positions within five trading days. The use of stop loss rule is advocated as it increases the profitability.
A Review: The Development of Flapping Hydrodynamics of Fishlike Structure

– This paper presents the historical development of description on how the flapping hydrodynamics of fishlike structure grows from infancy to the current state. The paper divides the development into four phases; the Inception Phase, the Frozen Phase, the Revival Phase and the Discovery Phase. The key quintessential characteristics that mark the advancement of different phase would be highlighted and elucidated, with some consolidating comments on the future trends of research areas. Copyright © 2014 Penerbit Akademia Baru - All rights reserved.
Receptor Family in C57BL/6 Mice The Expression and Function of the NKRP1

NKRP1 receptors were discovered more than 20 years ago, but due to a lack of appropriate reagents, our understanding of them has remained limited. Using a novel panel of mAbs that speciﬁcally recognize mouse NKRP1A, D, and F molecules, we report here that NKRP1D expression is limited to a subpopulation of NK cells, but in contrast to Ly49 receptors appears to be expressed in a normal codominant manner. NKRP1D (cid:1) and NKRP1D (cid:2) NK cells are functionally distinct, NKRP1D (cid:2) cells showing reduced expression of various Ly49 receptors, elevated expression of CD94/NKG2 receptors, and higher IFN- (cid:3) secretion and cytotoxicity than NKRP1D (cid:1) cells. Furthermore, NKRP1D (cid:2) NK cells were unable to kill transfected cells expressing high levels of Clr-b molecules, but readily killed MHC class-I-deﬁcient blast cells that express only low levels of Clr-b. NKRP1A and NKRP1F were expressed at low levels on all splenic and bone marrow NK cells, but mAb-induced cross-linking of NKRP1A and NKRP1F caused no signiﬁcant enhancement or inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity and no detectable production of IFN- (cid:3) . NKRP1A, D, and F expression could not be detected on NKT cells, all of which express NKRP1C, and although some activated T cells expressed NKRP1C and perhaps low levels of NKRP1A, no signiﬁcant expression of NKRP1D or F could be detected. NKRP1 molecules expressed on NK cells or transfectants were down-regulated by cross-linking with mAbs or cell surface ligands, and using this phenomenon as a functional assay for NKRP1-ligand interaction revealed that NKRP1F can recognize CLR-x. The Journal of Immunology,
The Influence of Promotion Opportunities and Professional Development on the Job Satisfaction of Secondary School Teachers in the Central Region of Botswana

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of promotion opportunities and professional development on the job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in the Central region of Botswana. The quantitative approach was used as the method of analysis. A 5 Linkert scale Teacher job satisfaction questionnaire (TJSQ) was used to collect data from 206 secondary school teachers in nine secondary schools in the Central region of Botswana. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was established before it was administered to the teacher respondents. In order to ensure that the instrument was correct and effective, a pilot study which consisted of 15 teachers not included in the actual study was conducted. The Statistical Packages of Social Scientists (SPSS) version 23 was used during the data analysis. The data was then presented through the use of descriptive statistics, One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample t-tests tables. The findings of the study showed that the male secondary school teachers in the Central region of Botswana are not satisfied with their job and promotion opportunities when compared to their female counterparts. The study further revealed that secondary school teachers in the Central region of Botswana are significantly satisfied with the provision of professional development in their various schools. The study recommended that the government should promote gender equality in the teaching profession especially during the times of promotion.
Okolie, Charles Emeka and Wooldridge, Karl G. and Turner, David P.J. and Cockayne, Alan and James, Richard (2015) Development of a heptaplex PCR assay for identification of Staphylococcus aureus and CoNS

Background: Staphylococcal toxicity and antibiotic resistance (STAAR) have been menacing public health. Although vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is currently not as widespread as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), genome evolution of MRSA into VRSA, including strains engineered within the same patient under anti-staphylococcal therapy, may build up to future public health concern. To further complicate diagnosis, infection control and anti-microbial chemotherapy, non-sterile sites such as the nares and the skin could contain both S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), either of which could harbour mecA the gene driving staphylococcal methicillin-resistance and required for MRSA-VRSA evolution. Results: A new heptaplex PCR assay has been developed which simultaneously detects seven markers for: i) eubacteria (16S rRNA), ii) Staphylococcus genus (tuf), iii) Staphylococcus aureus (spa), iv) CoNS (cns), v) Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl), vi) methicillin resistance (mecA), and vii) vancomycin resistance (vanA). Following successful validation using 255 reference bacterial strains, applicability to analyse clinical samples was evaluated by direct amplification in spiked blood cultures (n = 89) which returned 100 % specificity, negative and positive predictive values. The new assay has LoD of 1.0x10 CFU/mL for the 16S rRNA marker and 1.0x10 CFU/mL for six other markers and completes cycling in less than one hour. Conclusion: The speed, sensitivity (100 %), NPV (100 %) and PPV (100 %) suggest the new heptaplex PCR assay could be easily integrated into a routine diagnostic microbiology workflow. Detection of the cns marker allows for unique identification of CoNS in mono-microbial and in poly-microbial samples containing mixtures of CoNS and S. aureus without recourse to the conventional elimination approach which is ambiguous. In addition to the SA-CoNS differential diagnostic essence of the new assay, inclusion of vanA primers will allow microbiology laboratories to stay ahead of the emerging MRSA-VRSA evolution. To the best of our knowledge, the new heptaplex PCR assay is the most multiplexed among similar PCR-based assays for simultaneous detection of STAAR.
Induction of Resistance against Soybean Damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani

oybean seeds (cv. Giza 22) were treated with Bion, salicylic acid and saccharin as chemical inducers as well as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Pseudomonas fluorescens as biotic inducer to study their effect on the infection by Rhizoctonia solani under greenhouse and field conditions. Under greenhouse conditions, all treatments induced significant reduction in the percentages of pre- and post-emergence damping-off compared to untreated (check) treatment. The highest survived plants was achieved 84% by the inducers Bion (3 mM) and salicylic acid (5 mM) 82% as compared to 90% by the fungicide Rizolex-T (3g/kg seeds) treatment which achieved. Significant increases in plant height and shoot dry weight of soybean plants were recorded with Bion and fungicide treatments followed by salicylic acid and P. polymyxa treatments compared with the check treatment. Under field conditions during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons, all treatments significantly reduced pre- and post-emergence damping-off and increased the percentage of survived plants compared with the check treatment at the two growing seasons. However, the highest survived plants (%) of the two seasons were recorded in case of Rizolex-T (84.6%) and Bion (83.5%) followed by salicylic acid (77%) and P. polymyxa (76.2%) treatments compared with the check treatment (62.9%). Meantime, Bion, salicylic acid and P. polymyxa inducers significantly improved growth parameters, i.e. stem length, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant and seeds weight/plant, compared to the check treatment throughout the two seasons. Also higher increase in seed yield (kg/feddan) was recorded throughout the two seasons by Bion and fungicide treatments (88.9% and 81.4 %, respectively), followed by salicylic acid and P. polymyxa (69.7% and 58.4%, respectively), compared to the check treatment. Concerning the plant enzyme activity, PO activity increased in Bion treatment by 64.1% followed by salicylic acid by 31.6%. Also, Bion treatment showed the highest increase (118%) in PPO activity over the check treatment. On the other hand, the content of total phenols increased in plants treated with different inducers, compared with untreated plants. The maximum increase (141.2%) in the content of phenolic compounds was recorded with Bion treatment over check treatment, followed by salicylic acid and P. polymyxa treatments (being 50% and 49.6%, respectively).
Emerging Trends in Data Mining for Intrusion Detection

: IDS is the technique to detect the Intrusion to the database over the network. The IDS analyzes the data resources using the data mining technique like Association Analysis and Clustering Analysis to extract the useful patterns and rules. The Intrusion Detection System is facing great challenges like unauthorized use of data, data modification from intruders etc. The applications of data mining technique in computer security field improve the development of IDS. It is necessary to classify the degree of attacks in IDS and use it in IDS by data mining. IDS can detect the attack activities in network, which result in uncertainty. This paper will help network Security Analyst to determine intrusions
Correction: Online Publication Dates for Cancer Research April 15, 2010 Articles

In Response: Bullerdiek and Rommel raised an interesting question; however, their criticism did not take into account the other measures of repair shown by Li and colleagues (1). Namely, cells expressing endogenous HMGA2 exhibited altered regulation of DNA-PK and led to slower γ-H2AX clearance, which are common measures of DNA repair. Although stem cells are generally characterized by a high degree of genomic stability, the risk of mutation or chromosome aberration increases with each additional cell division (2). Damelin and colleagues (3) have reported that the G2 decatenation checkpoint is highly inefficient in stem and precursor cells, suggesting problems with chromosome segregation due to a deficiency in the decatenation checkpoint during stem cell mitosis. Conceivably, it is possible that the expression of HMGA2 in stem cells affects chromosome stability. Although using 25 metaphases might seem a little low, our observation of an increase in the number of 4n cells in WI-38/HMGA2 is consistent with the results reported by Kuhne and colleagues (4) that the lack of nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) component causes the enrichment of cells with 4n DNA content, supporting the notion that an elevated number of cells with 4n or tetraploidy may be caused by the lack of NHEJ repair. Moreover, overexpression of the HMGA family of proteins, HMGA1 or HMGA2, reportedly conveys a deleterious effect on the repair of many different types of DNA lesions, although the detailed mechanisms by which the proteins act to cause this inhibition may vary somewhat (5). Regarding whether the level of HMGA2 expression in transduced WI-38 cell is physiologically relevant, the seemingly massive overexpression of HMGA2 is due to usage of a highly reactive anti-HA antibody in Western blotting. When anti-HMGA2 antibody (BioCheck) was used to probe HMGA2 in the overexpression system, the relative levels of HMGA2 expression were comparable with endogenous levels in various cancer cell lines (Fig. 1). Also, Bullerdiek and Rommel might have been confused that we have used transfection
Induction of Regulatory T Cells Pollen Is Counterregulated by Simultaneous The Effector T Cell Response to Ryegrass

Allergy is associated with pathological Th2 responses to otherwise harmless environmental Ags. In contrast, nonallergic individuals mount nonpathological immune responses to allergens, partly attributed to regulatory T cell (Treg) activity. Although thymus-derived natural Tregs have been shown to maintain tolerance to self-Ags and prevent autoimmunity, the generation of Tregs speciﬁc to non–self-Ags is less well understood. We investigated the potential for induction of Tregs from PBMCs of ryegrass pollen-allergic or healthy subjects by stimulation in vitro with ryegrass pollen extract in the absence of additional exogenous stimuli. We found that two subsets of proliferating CD4 + T cells were induced, one expressing intermediate levels of Foxp3 (and IFN- g , IL-4, IL-17, or IL-2) and the other expressing high levels of Foxp3 (and no effector cytokines). After enrichment based on CD39 expression, the Foxp3 hi subset suppressed CD4 + T cell proliferation and IFN- g production. The Foxp3 hi Treg originated from both conversion of dividing non-Tregs (CD4 + CD25 2 CD127 hi ) and expansion of natural Tregs (CD4 + CD25 + CD127 lo ). Stable functional Tregs expressing high levels of Foxp3 were induced simultaneously with effector T cells by allergen stimulation. Induction of Foxp3 hi Tregs was reduced in allergic subjects. These results indicate that the cogeneration of Foxp3 hi Tregs in response to allergen may be a mechanism for controlling allergic reactions in healthy individuals, which is impaired in those with allergies. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 184: 4708–4716.