Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3 Regional and Global Integration 1

In the past 50 years, the MENA region has been integrated to the world economy through two main channels: the sale of oil, and labor migration. Labor migration, in retrospect, acted as the main way to redistribute oil revenues from the oil exporting to the importing countries, especially those in the Mashrek region, greatly benefitting millions of households. The migration of mostly unskilled workers from the Maghreb to Europe, during its period of fast growth, played a similar role. But migration will almost certainly never again boom as it did in the past. During the same period, MENA countries’ attempts to integrate in the global system of trade in goods and services have yielded modest results. Exports have not been a dynamic source of growth. While Import Substitutions Strategies can be blamed for these failures in the distant past, the more recent culprits have to be found in local and global conditions. Local conditions were clearly not favorable to competiveness, as the dynamism of the private sector was taxed by the emergence of a crony form of capitalism since the market liberalization of the 1980s (see Chapter 2). In considering its external engagement with the global economy, the challenge of youth and skilled employment must be considered as the absolute priority for the MENA region. We argue in this chapter that a successful strategy for the region must rest on new arrangements on trade and investment with the EU and the GCC in particular that can foster FDI focused on activities that generate technological externalities and allow the developing countries of the MENA region to move up the quality ladder and generate more skilled jobs. The increased competition from Asia and Eastern Europe means that an export-led strategy is more challenging now compared to the 1980s when
The impact of Distinctive Advantage: An empirical study on Manufacturing The impact of Distinctive Competencies on Competitive An empirical study on Detergents anufacturing Companies in Jordan ompetencies on Competitive etergents ompanies in Jordan

environmental uncertainty. They are becoming more complex and more dynamic. To survive with such a competitive environment, organizations should create values through attaining and sustaining competitive advantages. So businesses should know which aspects effective impact on competitive advantage. The main objective of this is to examine the impact of distinctive competencies’ (capabilities, competencies, and core competencies) on competitive advantage. Two types of competitive advantage were studied: Cost efficiency and Quality. The suggested model was tested in the context of detergent manufacturing companies in Jordan. The survey was administered to a total of 148 managers. Results indicate that it appears to be consistent and reliable scales. The findings have provided empirical support for the contention that competitive advantage is positively and significantly affected by distinctive competences. varying importance of distinctive competencies dimensi advantage. It has also been found that core competencies impact on competitive advantage than other dimensions competitive and improve organizational performance strength their competitive advantage by managing each dimension of distinctive competencies i.e. capabilities,
Variability of Summer meteorological and biometeorological conditionS in the ebba Valley region (central SpitSbergen) VARIABILITY OF METEOROLOGICAL AND BIOMETEOROLOGICAL

: Variability of summer meteorological and biometeorological conditions on the topoclimatic scale in the 2008–2010 summer season in the Ebba Valley region (Central Spitsbergen) was investigated. Three measurement sites, representing different altitudes and topography, as well as different types of active surfaces typical of Spitsbergen, were chosen, where automatic, hourly recorded, measurements were taken. The mean diurnal course of the basic meteorological and biometeorological parameters (i.e. air surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction, global solar radiation, wind chill temperature, cooling power, etc.), was computed for each of the three sites, which demonstrated spatial and temporal variability of biometeorological and weather conditions. Furthermore, four relevant weather types which may appear in the summer in different environments represented by the three measurement sites were distinguished. They can be defined as follows: type 1 – cold and windy weather, type 2 – cold and wet weather, type 3 – sunny weather (moderately windy and relatively warm), type 4 – warm and cloudy weather. The characteristics and occurren- ce of each of these types were described.
4.0. Tigecycline susceptibility among multi-drug resistant bacteria: A 7-year retrospective

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022. 11.1. 0096 Abstract The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) are major public health issues worldwide. The objective of this study is to evaluate the microbiological efficacy of tigecycline against multi-drug-resistant bacteria and to explore its potential place in clinical practice. A retrospective study was carried out over 7 years, from January 2015 to December 2021, at the Avicenne Military Hospital. Were collected all bacteriological samples received for diagnostic purposes at the microbiology laboratory. Tigecycline susceptibility was tested among 846 isolates among the 4293 isolates during the study period. The overall frequency of MDR bacteria was of 14,3%. 60% of the MDR bacteria isolated were susceptible, 35% were declared resistant and 5% were declared intermediate. Co-resistance levels in MDR bacteria are high. Tigecycline remained active in vitro on most of the MDR bacteria tested. The susceptibility rates for tigecycline found were respectively 76%, 57%, and 34%, for the ESBL Enterobacteriaceae strains, the CPEs, and the multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumanii strains. In this study, the MDR bacteria isolated showed overall satisfying susceptibility rates to
Labor Share, Markups, and Input-Output Linkages – Evidence from the National Accounts ∗

The literature has suggested so many reasons for the decrease in the aggregate labor share that together they “explain” a multiple of the overall decrease [Grossman and Oberﬁeld (2021)]. We study the key causal forces and amplifying and o ﬀ setting e ﬀ ects in a multi-sector model with input-output linkages. We ﬁnd that the decrease in the U.S. labor share reﬂects both sectoral forces, which can be identiﬁed with micro data, and aggregation ef-fects, which can only be identiﬁed with NIPA data. Speciﬁcally, the main force behind the decrease in the labor share was a similar increase in sectoral markups, which input-output linkages ampliﬁed importantly.
Genetic analysis of reciprocal differences for yield and yield attributing traits in segregating populations of rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

Reciprocal differences prevail in nature mainly due to unequal contribution of cytoplasmic determinants from male and female gametes to the zygote, but the influence of female parent often extends beyond simple genetic transmission. In this report, we estimate the cytoplasmic and maternal effects in rice and their adequacy in describing the observed reciprocal differences based on study of the parents, F 2 s, F 3 s and reciprocal cross progenies. Our study revealed that significant differences were observed for majority of yield & yield attributing traits between mean performance of straight & reciprocal F 2 & F 3 populations derived by crossing BPT-5204 & HPR-14 indicating the presence of reciprocal differences. High PCV, GCV coupled with high heritability & GAM observed for number of tillers, number of productive tillers, biomass & harvest index. High heritability & high GAM was observed for plant height in straight & reciprocal F 2 & F 3 populations. The variability by Shapiro-Wilk ‘W’ normality test revealed normal distribution for total grains, fertile grains per panicle & grain weight per panicle in F 2 population, whereas number of productive tillers, flag leaf length, total grains per panicles, fertile grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle, test weight, harvest index & grain length in both straight and reciprocal F 3 population. Multi trait selection index was performed to evaluate F 3 families for quantitative traits & selected top 20 F 3 families in both straight & reciprocal crosses. Best F 3 families showed grain yield of 41% to 52% gain over the better parent BPT-5204 in straight & 37% to 61% gain in reciprocal crosses indicating the effect of cytoplasmic differences among the parents in the derived crosses. Further, these top performing superior F 3 families can be utilized for developing breeding lines for improvement of the traits.
Development of a balanced scorecard An integrated approach of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Analytic Network Process (ANP)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated qualitative and quantitative approach to the development of a balanced scorecard (BSC) for a real life case company KVIC (Khadi and Village Industries Commission, organic food sector, India). Design/methodology/approach – In this paper the semi-structured interviews with director, managers, professional consultant, review of published reports and observations made during research work are considered as basis. Findings – This paper illustrates how the use of a mix approach of cause and effect diagram, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) can address some of the shortcomings related to the development of BSC in the light of a real life case company KVIC (Khadi Village and Industry Commission, organic food sector India). The paper delivers a complete framework of BSC for the case company. Research limitations/implications – The paper outlines the limitations of proposed approach in regard to validity of present logical relationships among various objectives of organization in the futuristic environment and indicates the need for a computer software system, which can improve the efﬁciency of proposed approach. Practical implications – In the paper a number of case studies report the fact that companies have attempted to derive measures from strategy, based on cause-and-effect reasoning, but the claimed link between strategy and measures appeared weak in analysis (Malmi, 2001). The paper establishes the basis for integrating organization’s strategic intent with the identiﬁcation of performance measures and at large development of BSC. Originality/value – The paper shows that present work demonstrates the use of an innovative approach to the development of performance measurement system at one end while to deliver a workable framework of balanced scorecard for a real life case company is the objective of the other end. The present work encapsulates the philosophy of strategy maps using a mix of quantitative and qualitative approach for a real life case.
Infant Temperament and Parental Aggravation Predict Vocabulary Growth through Age Nine

Infants vary in temperament––a constellation of traits encompassing emotionality/affectivity, activity level, shyness, extraversion/sociability, and attentional control (Buss & Plomin, 1984; Derryberry & Rothbart, 1988; Rothbart, 1981) that influence how infants explore their surroundings and the quality of their social interactions with caregivers and others (Thomas & Chess, 1977). Temperament may be viewed as an early indicator of the infant’s emerging regulatory capacities and emotional expression. As a psychobiological construct, temperament has proven to be an important factor associated with parental stress, aggravation, and involvement in child care (Calkins et al., 2004; Mäntymaa et al. 2006; McBride et al., 2004). While having an easy temperament appears to be a protective factor in the context of a negative home environment (Derauf et al., 2012), difficult temperament and negative emotionality increase infants’ susceptibility to negative parenting (Slagt et al., 2016). Parental reports of infant temperament correlate with infants’ ability to follow their mother’s direction of gaze and establish joint attention at age 6 months and are predictive of infants’ receptive vocabulary knowledge at age 12 months (Morales et al., 2000). As parent-child joint attention provides a critical context for word learning (Carpenter et al., 1998; Hirsh-Pasek et al., 2015), individual differences in temperament may have long-term impact on language development trajectories. Consistent with this hypothesis, research has documented longitudinal associations between various indices of temperament and early language development outcomes. For example, Dixon and Shore (1997) linked duration of orienting and soothability at age 13 months with noun vocabulary at 20 months and Dixon and Smith (2000) linked attentional control and positive affectivity at 13 months with receptive and expressive language at 20 months. Pérez-Pereira et al. (2015) similarly found extroversion and positive affectivity at age 10 months to predict expressive language development at 30 months in a sample of healthy preterm and full-term infants. Extending results into middle childhood, Slomkowski et al. (1992) found that extraversion and affectivity assessed at age 2 predicted expressive and receptive language at age 3
Capturing genetic potential for greater sow lifetime productivity NPB Sow Birthweight Phenotype (ALBW_P)

: Decades of selection for increased litter size has resulted in a population of sows with an extreme low average litter birth weight phenotype (ALBW_P), irrespective of litter size. We hypothesize that this phenotype is the result of poor placental development driven by extreme intra-uterine crowding of embryos in early gestation and involves an interaction of reproductive traits that are not responsive to current selection practices. However, measuring and managing this sow-dependent phenotype at production nucleus level would improve overall breeding herd efficiency and the number of quality weaned pigs per sow lifetime. In a NPB-funded project designed to test this concept, individual piglet weights (n = 47,338) were recorded in litters born to parity 1 - 7 multiplication sows producing Camborough replacement gilts (n = 1097; PIC). ALBW_P was determined over at least two successive parities for litters with >9 total born. Sows low (LLBW, n = 24) or high (HLBW, n = 28) LBW phenotype, if LBW fell 1 standard deviation below or above the population mean, respectively, and a repeatable medium (MLBW, n = 131) phenotype for intermediate weight litters. Overall, there was a significant correlation between LBW measured at consecutive farrowings (r = 0.4; P < 0.0001). Furthermore, supporting previous results, no sows first giving birth to a LLBW litter produced a HLBW litter at the next farrowing. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to validate the use of exogenous gonadotropin (PG600) treatment for stimulating estrus in non-cyclic gilts and to compare lifetime productivity of gilts recorded as having natural (NAT) versus PG600-induced (PG600) first estrus in a commercial setting. Prepubertal Camborough gilts (n = 4,489) were delivered to a gilt development unit (GDU), with the goal of delivering known cyclic breeding eligible females to the sow farm (SF). A Boar Exposure Area (BEAR) was designed to facilitate stimulation and detection of puberty by providing fenceline and direct contact (15 min daily) with mature boars over an intensive 28-d period, starting at approximately d 160 (d 0). At d 14, non-pubertal gilts were mixed in new pen groups. At d 23, non-cyclic “opportunity” gilts with no record of vulval development and required to meet breeding targets, were eligible for treatment with PG600 to induce puberty. Overall, 77.6 % (n = 3,475) of gilts exhibited standing estrus (NAT = 2,654, PG600 = 821) and were eligible for shipping to the SF at approximately 35 d and 76.6 % of gilts administered PG600 exhibited the standing reflex within 13 d of treatment. Ultimately, 72.0 % of gilts entering the GDU were delivered to the SF as breeding eligible females. Considering gilts delivered, a greater proportion of NAT than PG600 gilts were successfully bred ( P < 0.001) and farrowing rates to first service, and overall farrowing rates (including gilts that returned to estrus and were rebred) were greater for NAT compared to PG600 gilts ( P < ALBW_P efficient production
Influence of the LED (Ligth Emitted Diode) ligthing spectrum in bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) germination stage

Evaluate influence of photoperiod by LED lighting in the bean germination stage. Four bean genotypes were used (SE, X1, M1 and N1). A completely randomized blocks experimental design was used with factorial arrangement of treatment with five repetitions. A standard germination test was performed. The samples were placed in germination chambers at 25 ± 5 ºC with photoperiods under LED lights treatments (red, blue, purple) and a fluorescent light (control) for ten days, after that time the variables evaluated were germination percentage, dead seeds, normal and abnormal seedlings. The analysis of variance showed significant differences in all the variables evaluated for light interaction; likewise, the multiple comparison of
Tillage, sole and intercrop systems and soil amendment influence on sorghum grain and stover nutrient levels

Sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is a major grain crop in Burkina Faso. A three-year experiment was conducted in the Sudanian zone to determine the combined effects of tillage methods (T) and cropping systems with different soil amendments (CS/SA) on plant nutrient concentrations and related this to human and cattle nutrient requirements. The analysis of variance indicated that tillage, soil amendment nor cropping system affected the stover nutrient concentration of grain sorghum. Nitrogen, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations in grain were all influenced by the Y x T interaction largely due to increased nutrient concentrations for no-till in 2012 and tied ridges in 2013. As grain yield increased, grain N, Ca, Mg and Mn concentrations decreased while P and Zn increased. Grain N, P, Mg, S, Fe and Zn concentrations met human nutritional requirements, while K, Ca, Mn and Cu were deficient and merited supplementation. Nutrient gross means indicated that cattle nutrient requirements were met for N, P, Mg, Fe and Zn, but low for K, Ca, S, Mn and Cu. Tillage, CS/SA and Y had no or small effects on the nutrient concentrations of sorghum grain and stover. The agroecological zones in 2012 and 2013 indicated most nutrients to be adequate for human and cattle diets, but not for K, Ca, Mn and Cu. and Fe differences. The P concentration was highest for no-till and lowest for scarifying tillage while the Mg concentration was highest for no-till and lowest for scarifying and tied ridging. The Y x T interaction influence was largely due to no till having the highest concentration for N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, and MN in 2012. In 2013, the highest concentrations for Fe, Zn, and Cu occurred in tied ridging plots.
Marshall stability of porous asphalt mixture incorporating kenaf fiber

: Porous asphalt mixture (PA), known as open-graded surfaces over a stone bed underneath, allows water to go through. These factors can aﬀect the porous asphalt mixture adhesive strength. The high amount of course aggregate promotes the structure of air voids have certain impacts on the acoustic properties of porous asphalt. The materials properties are consisting of both aggregate and bitumen tests. This study also details out the aggregates sieve analysis test to develop new aggregate gradation for PA. According to ﬁve ASEAN countries’ speciﬁcations, the sieve analysis test was done. The countries included are Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, and Indonesia. The test for the binder includes the softening point, penetration, and ductility. This study also investigates the addition of kenaf ﬁber in the mixture as an additive. Mechanical performance test for PA using Marshall Stability test to identify the strength and the properties of the conventional PA with the addition of kenaf ﬁber compared to the new gradation of PA incorporating kenaf ﬁber. From the results, the addition of 0.3% kenaf modiﬁed PA improved the performance of PA in terms of Marshall Stability and volumetric properties.
Transgenic songbirds offer an opportunity to develop a genetic model for vocal learning

Zebra ﬁnches are widely used for studying the basic biology of vocal learning. The inability to introduce genetic modiﬁcations in these animals has substantially limited studies on the molecular biologyofthisbehavior,however.WeusedanHIV-basedlentivirus to produce germline transgenic zebra ﬁnches. The lentivirus en-coded the GFP regulated by the human ubiquitin-C promoter [Lois C, Hong EJ, Pease S, Brown EJ, Baltimore D (2002) Science 295:868– 872],whichisactiveinawidevarietyofcells.Theviruswasinjected into the very early embryo (blastodisc stage) to target the primordial germline cells that later give rise to sperm and eggs. A total of 265 fertile eggs were injected with virus, and 35 hatched (13%); 23 of these potential founders (F0) were bred, and three (13%) produced germline transgenic hatchlings that expressed the GFP protein (F1). Two of these three founders (F0) have produced transgenic young at a rate of 12% and the third at a rate of 6%. Furthermore, two of the F1 generation transgenics have since reproduced, one having ﬁve offspring (all GFP positive) and the other four offsping (one GFP positive).
Are Retirees More Satisfied? Anticipation and Adaptation Effects: A Causal Panel Analysis of German Statutory Insured and Civil Service Pensioners

This study contributes to the subjective well-being and retirement literature by quanti-fying life satisfaction before (4) and after retirement (9+) periods asking: Are retirees more satisfied? Fixed-effects and causal instrumental variables (IV) estimates with individual longitudinal data of the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP, 33 waves) analyze anticipation and adaptation retirement effects of statutory insured and civil service pensioners in Germany. Main findings: The occupational situation absorbs a positive personal and family influence. There are positive anticipation effects before retirement followed by adaptation instantly when retired both for statutory insured and civil service pensioners. With neutral respectively negative post-retirement adaptation there is no positive retirement effect for both pensioner groups. In short: retirees are not more satisfied, a remarkable result both for statutory insured and civil service pensioners.