Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR PATTERN OF MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS ISOLATES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN NORTHERN MEXICO

The objective of this study was to determine the molecular pattern of M. bovis isolates from cattle of Northern Mexico and its relationship with some risk factors. Isolates (n=60) were obtained from the states of Coahuila (COA, n=14), Tamaulipas (TAM, n=16), Nuevo Leon (NL, n=14) and Baja California and Durango ( DUR , n=16). The risk factors studied were: system of production (Dairy and Beef), state, age, lesion type (localized and generalized), and type of presentation (caseous and calcified). Samples were analyzed at the Regional Laboratory of Monterrey NL, following a spoligotyping protocol. Twenty-five spoligotypes belonging to the M. bovis complex were identified. Eleven (18.3%) isolates presented a unique pattern, whereas 49 (81.7%) were grouped in 14 clusters. The largest clusters had 12 and 17 isolates. The average heterozygocities per state were 21.4% (NL), 15.6% (TAM), 15.6% COA) and 9.9% ( DUR ). The genetic distances of the isolates between states did not show differences (P > 0.05) when examined by Chi-square tests. The average genetic diversity (15.6%) was due to the variation of strains within subpopulations. In this study an 8.3% difference among states was obtained, which suggest the idea of a unique strain of M. bovis with many variants and that the genetic diversity found for M . bovis could be in part due to the movement of animals between regions. Statistical analysis did not show association (P > 0.05) between risk factors and strains of M. bovis .
A statistically motivated choice of process parameters for the improvement of canthaxanthin production by Dietzia maris NIT-D (Accession number: HM151403)

Dietzia maris NIT-D, a producer of canthaxanthin, is isolated during routine screening of pigment producing bacteria. The effects of process parameters, namely temperature, pH, shaker speed, percentage inoculum, medium volume, and concentration of glucose on the canthaxanthin production are studied by using response surface design methodology. The optimal conditions are temperature = 30 degrees C, pH = 5.9, shaker speed = 125 rpm, inoculum = 1.9 %, volume = 50 mL, and glucose = 15 g L-1, resulting in a canthaxanthin production of 152 mg L-1, which is 25% higher than that of a recently reported study.
Investigation of Resistant Bacteria in Nosocomial infections In Died Burn Patients during Hospitalization

Aim of study: Bacteremia and wound infection are the most significant nosocomial infections and cause of mortality in burn patients with severe thermal injury. These patients are at high risk for infection by resistant bacteria. This study aimed at detecting the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant species in nosocomial bacteremia and wound infection in died patients in burn units, during of hospitalization. Methods: One hundred and fourteen samples of blood and wound culture were collected from 22 died burned patients during the hospitalization at Motahari hospital in Tehran, Iran in second half of 2010 to January 2011. Resistance patterns of isolated bacteria were determined by the disk diffusion method. Results: The percentage of isolated bacteria from wound and blood culture was 75.72 and 24.28% respectively. Approximately 88.43% of MDR (Multi Drug Resistant) isolates were collected during the hospitalization. The rate of sensitive isolates which disappeared during the hospitalization was 11.56%. Conclusions: Although development of resistant to antibiotics dose not observed in all isolated bacteria but, the results of this study can suggest the increasing of resistant isolates in nosocomial infections in burn units. Also the higher mortality rate is observed in patients with Gram negative bacteremia.
Efeito de dieta e genótipo sobre medidas morfométricas e não constituintes da carcaça de cordeiros deslanados terminados em confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the body and carcass measurements, and non-constituents of carcass of wooless lambs, fed diets with two energetic levels. Eighteen lambs from genotype Morada Nova, Santa Ines and crossbred Dorper x Santa Ines were used. Diets with low and high energy content were composed of 2.5 Mcal EM/kg and 2.94 Mcal EM/kg MS, respectively. Body measurements used in the study were: withers height, height croup, body length, leg length, toracic perimeter, leg circunference, scrotal circunference, body score, body capability 1 (CC1) and body capability 2 (CC2). Non-constituents of carcass studied here were head weight, liver, heart, spleen, vesicle, blood, kidney, hooves, skin and lung + trachea. Moreover, traits of carcass were studied: carcass length, leg length, thigh perimeter, croup perimeter, thorax depth, toracic perimeter and chester width. Data were analized by model which included the effects of diets and genotype, beyond of the weigth as covariable. Diets affected (P<0,05) the body score and body capability (CC2). The genotype afeccted (P<0,05) the withers height, height croup, leg length, scrotal circunference, body score, body capability, CC1 and CC2. For carcass measurements the diet affected only the thoracic perimeter and chester width. The genotype affected the leg length, thigh perimeter and croup perimeter. Among the not carcass components, live, spleen, blood, hooves and skin were affected by the diets, while the genotype affected head, live, kidney and Hooves.
Respon Pertumbuhan Kelapa Sawit Bibit ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Terhadap Jenis fungi mikoriza arbuskula pada Dua Tingkat Pemupukan NPK

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the important excellent crop plantations which have significance for the development of national farm and country source of foreign exchange earnings . Oil palm cultivation is mostly done on the ground of ultisol that have constraints phosphorus deficiency that needed improvement in the quality of the nursery with the utilization of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF). The study aimed: (1) determine the best type of AMF in enhancing the growth of oil palm seedlings , (2) determine dose of NPK fertilize most appropriate for the oil palm seedling, (3) determine whether the response of oil palm seedlings to type AMF influenced by dose NPK fertilizer, and (4)determine the best dose of NPK fertilizer for each type of AMF. The treatment design is a factorial (6x2) arranged in randomize completely block design with 5 replications. The first factor is the type of AMF, design as without AMF, Glomus sp. Isolate MV 23, Glomus sp. Isolate MV 26, Entrophospora sp. Isolate MV 22, Entrophospora sp. Isolate MV 25, Entrophospora sp. Isolate MV 28.The second factor is number of NPK fertilize design as p 1 (100 % from recomendation) and p 2 (50 % from recomendation). Means homogeneity among the treatments were tested using Barlett test and the aditivity data were tested with Tukey test. Separation of means value were analyzed using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% significance level. The results showed the interaction between the type and dose of NPK fertilizer AMF is can be concluded that (1) oil palm seedlings response to AMF inoculation type is determined by the dose of NPK fertilizer on the variable plant height, dry weight of root, and number of primary roots, 2) the optimum dose for each type of AMF are used based on the data root dry weight is a combination of 100% NPK fertilizer with each type of AMF, excepton the AMF types Entrophospora sp. Isolates MV 22. Keywords: Growth Response, Oil Palm Seedling, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Diterima: 15 Oktober 2014, disetujui 19 Desember 2014
Viability and infectivity analysis of Toxoplasma gondii under axenic conditions

OBJETIVOS: investigar a infectividade e a viabilidade de formas taquizoitas de Toxoplasma gondii mantidas em meio axenico. METODOS: taquizoitos de Toxoplasma gondii foram isolados de camundongos infectados, ressuspensos em tampao fosfato-salino pH 7,2 ou tampao fosfato-salino pH 7,2 mais soro fetal bovino a 10% ou 20% e incubados por 24 e 48 horas a 37oC em atmosfera contendo 5% de CO2. A seguir os parasitos foram: (i) incubados com iodeto de propidio e analisados por citometria de fluxo utilizando a tecnica de separacao de celulas ativada por fluorescencia ( fluorescence activated cell sorting – FACS); (ii) injetados em camundongos para analisar a infectividade dos parasitos mantidos em condicoes axenicas; e (iii) adicionados a cultura de fibroblastos de embriao de camundongo para investigar a sua capacidade infectiva e multiplicativa com formacao de rosetas e lise celular. RESULTADOS: a analise por citometria de fluxo mostrou que os taquizoitos de Toxoplasma gondii mantidos em tampao fosfato-salino suplementado com 20% de soro fetal bovino apresentaram elevada viabilidade celular. Os parasitos mantiveram sua infectividade nos sistemas in vivo e in vitro, respectivamente demonstrada por sua capacidade de se replicar em camundongos e de infectar culturas de fibroblastos. CONCLUSOES: nossos dados abrem novas perspectivas para o estudo de diferentes aspectos da biologia do Toxoplasma gondii , incluindo mecanismos de nutricao, ensaios experimentais de drogas in vitro, ou estudos da biologia celular e molecular diretamente sobre o parasito.
Discovering Language Model Behaviors with Model-Written Evaluations

As language models (LMs) scale, they develop many novel behaviors, good and bad, exacerbating the need to evaluate how they behave. Prior work creates evaluations with crowdwork (which is time-consuming and expensive) or existing data sources (which are not always available). Here, we automatically generate evaluations with LMs. We explore approaches with varying amounts of human effort, from instructing LMs to write yes/no questions to making complex Winogender schemas with multiple stages of LM-based generation and filtering. Crowdworkers rate the examples as highly relevant and agree with 90-100% of labels, sometimes more so than corresponding human-written datasets. We generate 154 datasets and discover new cases of inverse scaling where LMs get worse with size. Larger LMs repeat back a dialog user's preferred answer ("sycophancy") and express greater desire to pursue concerning goals like resource acquisition and goal preservation. We also find some of the first examples of inverse scaling in RL from Human Feedback (RLHF), where more RLHF makes LMs worse. For example, RLHF makes LMs express stronger political views (on gun rights and immigration) and a greater desire to avoid shut down. Overall, LM-written evaluations are high-quality and let us quickly discover many novel LM behaviors.
Growth hormone promotes the expression of zif268 gene in the hippocampus

Growth hormone (GH) plays an important role in cognitive processes such as memory consolidation, and it has been suggested that could be involved in processes of brain plasticity. These changes may occur by promoting gene expression in the brain. In this study we showed that GH administration (5ng/kg) for 7 days improves spatial learning and promotes expression of zif268 gene in the rat hippocampus. In addition, a Morris Water Maze (MWM) learning test induced a strong expression of zif268 gene in the hippocampus of adult rats. The effect was even greater when a MWM test and GH were applied together. Our results suggest that GH might be favoring plasticity processes in the hippocampus, by promoting gene expression.
Regeneração natural de espécies arbóreas em fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana, no domínio da Mata Atlântica, em Viçosa, MG

The current study aimed to analyse the tree species natural regeneration floristic composition in a Mountain Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragment in the domain of the Atlantic Forest, in southeastern Brazil (20°45’S, 42°55’W) in order to subsidize secondary natural forest management. Ten sites were selected based on their aspects, slopes and topographic positions. Natural regeneration indexes were estimated for each tree species per size classes to obtain the Total Natural Regeneration Index (TNR) for each species. It was sampled a total of 3,516 individuals of 140 tree species varying from 10 cm to 5 m height with diameter at the height of 1.3 m (DBH) smaller than 5 cm. The largest numbers of individuals were sampled in the families Rubiaceae, Fabaceae Mimosoideae, Monimiaceae, Fabaceae Papilionoideae, and the richest families were Fabaceae Caesalpinoideae, Fabaceae Papilionoideae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae and Rubiaceae. Psychotria sessilis, Siparuna guianensis, Anadenanthera peregrina and Piptadenia gonoacantha presented the largest TNR. The comparison of the actual regeneration study with that of prior evaluations suggests a continuous substitution of species from initial to more advanced stages. These results indicate that the protection of the remaining forest fragments is important to maintain or improve the biodiversity in this region.
Bacterias promotoras de crecimiento de plantas autóctonas y su efecto en Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stunz

En la actualidad se esta deforestando en Mexico la especie de Prosopis spp. para utilizarse como lena y carbon, en diferentes zonas aridas de nuestro pais. Para su produccion se utiliza fertilizante sintetico, con ello hay un incremento de salinidad del suelo, subsuelo y mantos acuiferos. La presente investigacion se realizo en Santa Ana, Sonora, Mexico en 2006. Se aislaron y purificaron microorganismos asociados al sistema radicular de Prosopis glandulosa que se desarrolla en crateres de la zona volcanica de la reserva de la biosfera El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Sonora. Las bacterias promotoras de crecimiento de plantas presentan la peculiaridad de fijar el nitrogeno atmosferico; se midio el efecto de las cepas aisladas en germinacion y en el desarrollo en plantulas de P. chilensis. Fueron aisladas 19 colonias; de ellas, solamente una colonia bacteriana mostro alta actividad de reduccion de acetileno y capacidad de solubilizar fosfatos, se identifico como Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Nuestros resultados sugieren que B. amyloliquefaciens, presenta una afinidad particular para crecer de 0 a 0.75 M de NaCl y desarrollarse en temperaturas de 30 a 50 °C. Los efectos de la inoculacion de B. amyloliquefaciens, conjuntamente con A. halopraeferens, mostraron reultados favorables en el incremento de la germinacion y el desarrollo de plantulas de P. chilensis. Este es el primer reporte de B. amyloliquefaciens como bacteria promora de crecimiento de plantas asociada a P. glandulosa.
The effect of formalin, alcohol and freezing on some body proportions of Alepes djeddaba (Pisces: Carangidae) collected from the Red Sea coast of Yemen

Se investigo el efecto de formalina, alcohol y congelamiento en las proporciones de tres partes del cuerpo en el pez Alepes djeddaba. Las tecnicas de preservacion tuvieron diferente efecto en la longitud total, estandar y de la cabeza de A. djeddaba recolectados en la costa del mar rojo de Yemen,. Las tecnicas de preservacion y congelacion no afectaron la morfologia de los peces en 8 de 21 pruebas. Se observo encogimiento en siete casos y un aumento en las proporciones del cuerpo en seis casos.
Influência de bioestimulantes na germinação e desenvolvimento de plântulas de Phaseolus vulgaris sob restrição hídrica

Estao a surgir, no mercado agricola, tecnologias inovadoras para aumentar o desempenho das plantas e sua produti­vidade. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do aminoacido acido L-glutâmico, via tratamento de sementes, sobre a ger­minacao e desenvolvimento de plântulas de Phaseolus vulgaris sob restricao hidrica, testou-se a aplicacao de diferentes concentracoes do aminoacido (0, 75, 150 e 300 mg L-1) nas sementes colocadas em papel de filtro hidratado com polie­tileno glicol (PEG 6000), nos potenciais osmoticos (0; -0,2; -0,4 e -0,6 MPa). Concluiu-se que a aplicacao do aminioacido L-glutâmico via tratamento de sementes nas concentracoes 75, 150 e 300 mg L-1 nao favoreceu o desenvolvimento de plântulas, interferindo negativamente na germinacao, quando o potencial osmotico foi igual ou inferior a -0,2 Mpa, e o desenvolvimento de plântulas foi drasticamente afetado em potencial osmotico igual ou menor que -0,2 MPa, apresen­tando diminuicao na germinacao, no comprimento e volume radicular de plântulas.
Evaluation of Oral Submucosal Fibrosis and Related Factors in Areca Nut Users

Article history: Received: 11 May 2011 Accepted: 14 Jun 2011 Available online: 17 Feb 2012 ZJRMS 2013; 15(1): 38-42 Background: Oral Submucousal Fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition often created in consumers of different products containing arecanut. These products are commonly used in countries like India and Pakistan. In Iran, it is commonly consumed in cities which are in proximity of Pakistan border including Chabahar. The present study is done in order to study OSF and other relating factors in consumers of products containing areca nut. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study, 362 consumers of products containing areca nut (pan, supari, gutka and etc.) were studied in order to examine the incidence of OSF. The diagnostic criteria were mouth-opening limitations, mucosa stiffness and touching the intramucous fibrotic bands. Information about the consumption amount, alternation, the type of consumed material and time of consumption was mentioned in the questionnaire. Finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS-14 and χ Results: Of 362 consumers of areca nut (227 men (62.7%) and 135 women (37.3%)) in the age group 7-71 and average age of 27 years old, 61 person (16.9%) including 33 men (54.1%) and 28 women (45.9%) were suffering OSF. There was a significant relationship between OSF incidence and time, dose and alternation of consumption (p˂0.05). Age and sex didn’t have a certain correlation with OSF. test.
CespIH®, una Organización Socialista de Base Tecnológica incubada en la Educación Superior cubana

El nuevo modelo universitario cubano debe poseer una capacidad para producir, difundir y aplicar conocimientos, la cual puede ser fomentada mediante la creacion y desarrollo de organizaciones socialistas de base tecnologica (OSBT), por lo que es necesaria la sistematizacion de experiencias en este proceso. En este articulo se ofrece la definicion de las OSBT, asi como las premisas, principios y caracteristicas que deben cumplir. Una de estas OSBT es el Programa de Servicios de Encespado CespIH®, creada a partir del ano 2000 en la EEPF “Indio Hatuey” con el objetivo de brindar servicios de encespado de alta calidad, un ejemplo exitoso de como hacer ciencia, tecnologia e innovacion en nuestras condiciones. Se describen las caracteristicas de CespIH®, su proceso de creacion y desarrollo mediante un modelo y sus procedimientos asociados, la produccion academica y de innovaciones, la formacion del capital humano, la articulacion nacional e internacional, los obstaculos vencidos y los resultados tangibles e intangibles obtenidos. Se concluye que la creacion y el desarrollo de OSBT constituye una via alternativa para que la nueva universidad cubana pueda desarrollar su capacidad de producir, difundir y aplicar los conocimientos, lo cual contribuye al desarrollo socioeconomico del pais.
Identification of stromal cell precursors in human bone marrow by a novel monoclonal antibody, STRO-1

Murine IgM monoclonal antibody STRO-1 identifies a cell surface antigen expressed by stromal elements in human bone marrow (BM). STRO-1 binds to approximately 10% of BM mononuclear cells, greater than 95% of which are nucleated erythroid precursors, but does not react with committed progenitor cells (colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage [CFU-GM], erythroid bursts [BFU-E], and mixed colonies [CFU-Mix]). Fibroblast colony-forming cells (CFU-F) are present exclusively in the STRO-1+ population. Dual-color cell sorting using STRO-1 in combination with antibody to glycophorin A yields a population approximately 100-fold enriched in CFU-F in the STRO-1+/glycophorin A+ population. When plated under long-term BM culture (LTBMC) conditions, STRO-1+ cells generate adherent cell layers containing multiple stromal cell types, including adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblastic elements. STRO-1+ cells isolated from LTBMC at later times retain the capacity to generate adherent layers with a cellular composition identical to that of the parent cultures. The STRO-1-selected adherent layers are able to support the generation of clonogenic cells and mature hematopoietic cells from a population of CD34+ cells highly enriched in so-called long-term culture-initiating cells. We conclude that antibody STRO-1 binds to BM stromal elements with the capacity to transfer the hematopoietic microenvironment in vitro.
Application of the logistic model to describe the growth curve in dogs of different breeds

Objective. To model the growth in dogs of different size and breeds that during their development showed a relative body weight according to the standards of their racial group. Materials and methods. The data used were obtained from the Canine Research Center (CIC), property of Empresa Solla S.A. , located in the municipality of Rionegro (Antioquia, Colombia). The parameters of the growth curve were defined based on the logistic model using the procedure PROC NLIN of the SAS. Results. The adult weight (a) ranged from 2.12 Kg (York Shire Terrier) to 32.88 Kg (Weimaraner). For small, medium and large breeds, growth rates (1/b) during the exponential phase ranged between 9.91-18.91%, 9.12-13.83% and, 8.17-14.38%, respectively, and the average age at which 50% of the adult weight was reached (x0) was 3.49±0.03, 4.21±0.42 y 5.27±0.86 months, correspondingly. Large dog breeds reached maturity (T99) later than smaller breeds, 14.37±1.79 vs. 9.46±1.63 mo. Conclusions. The logistic model was able to describe the growth in dogs of different size, however, a larger sample size will improve its predictive ability, given the individual variability that characterizes growth.
Activation of C-C β-chemokines in human peripheral blood γδ T cells by isopentenyl pyrophosphate and regulation by cytokines

Human γδ T lymphocytes respond to viral, bacterial, protozoal, and tumoral antigens, but their precise function remains unknown. In adults the major circulating γδ T-cell subset expresses the Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell receptor and responds to protease-resistant phosphorylated derivatives found in many pathogens. In this study we show that activation of Vδ2+ cells with the nonpeptidic antigen isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) rapidly induces (within 4-12 hours) the C-C chemokines MIP-1, MIP-1β, and lymphotactin but not MCP-1. The most robust response was obtained for MIP-1β. IPP induction of MIP-1 and MIP-1β was not affected by costimulation with interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, TGF-β, or interferon-γ (INF-γ). However, IL-12 significantly enhanced IPP-induced expression and release of MIP-1 that was down-regulated by TGF-β whereas the induction of MIP-1β by IPP+IL-12 was refractory to cotreatment with TGFβ indicating that these chemokines are differentially regulated by these cytokines. Vδ2+ T cells also expressed a wide range of C-C chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR5, and CCR8, all of which were down-regulated following activation. We conclude that Vδ2+ cells can be rapidly induced by components of bacterial cell walls to express high levels of proinflammatory chemokines, supporting an important role for these cells in the early stages of the inflammatory responses to many common pathogens. (Blood. 2000, 95:39-47)