Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transgenic HA-1-Specific CD8+ T-Lymphocytes Selectively Target Leukemic Cells

Simple Summary A relapse of the malignant disease frequently occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Immune recognition of minor histocompatibility antigens, the polymorphic peptides that differ between donor and recipient, often triggers a beneficial graft-versus-leukemia response. The transgenic donor-derived cytotoxic T cells, which recognize patient-specific minor histocompatibility antigens presented by hematopoietic cells, allow precise elimination of malignant recipient cells while sparing both donor and non-hematopoietic patient cells. We generated the MiHA-specific T cells by gene editing to knock out the endogenous T cell receptor, followed by lentiviral transduction of HA-1-specific T cell receptors. Modified T cells demonstrated cytotoxicity against leukemia cells from HA-1+ donors with acute myeloid leukemia, acute T-cell, and B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. Transgenic T cells showed no cytotoxicity against donor cells lacking HA-1 surface presentation. The proposed therapeutic approach could be used after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to prevent and treat leukemia relapse. Abstract A significant share of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (allo-HSCT) results in the relapse of malignant disease. The T cell immune response to minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHAs) promotes a favorable graft-versus-leukemia response. The immunogenic MiHA HA-1 is a promising target for leukemia immunotherapy, as it is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic tissues and presented by the common HLA A*02:01 allele. Adoptive transfer of HA-1-specific modified CD8+ T cells could complement allo-HSCT from HA-1- donors to HA-1+ recipients. Using bioinformatic analysis and a reporter T cell line, we discovered 13 T cell receptors (TCRs) specific for HA-1. Their affinities were measured by the response of the TCR-transduced reporter cell lines to HA-1+ cells. The studied TCRs showed no cross-reactivity to the panel of donor peripheral mononuclear blood cells with 28 common HLA alleles. CD8+ T cells after endogenous TCR knock out and introduction of transgenic HA-1-specific TCR were able to lyse hematopoietic cells from HA-1+ patients with acute myeloid, T-, and B-cell lymphocytic leukemia (n = 15). No cytotoxic effect was observed on cells from HA-1- or HLA-A*02-negative donors (n = 10). The results support the use of HA-1 as a target for post-transplant T cell therapy.
The dark polar ionosphere: Progress and future challenges

Since the end of the 1970s, we have seen enormous progress in our understanding of the polar ionosphere and its structuring. With this benchmark issue of Radio Science it is appropriate to reflect briefly on that passage and some key questions that lie ahead. The discussion here will concentrate on the winter hemisphere, in keeping with the conditions under which most of the data studied to date have been gathered. The polar ionosphere alternates between two states, depending on whether the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is southward or northward. The former state is characterized by ∼100–1000 km islands of enhanced F region plasma, originating in sunlit upper midlatitudes, entering and traversing the polar cap. They become highly structured and produce severe scintillation. Despite much progress on the source, evolution, and ultimate fate of this polar plasma, we remain challenged by the process(es) which chop entering plasma into such islands. For northward IMF we have learned much about the near-Earth processes determining the character of polar cap arcs, velocity structure and electrodynamics, and energetics. A remaining challenge is to relate these structures to the topology and driving physical processes in the magnetosphere and solar wind. Here we sketch the principles behind the progress and the context of several key problem areas ahead.
Simulations on the Spatial Evolution of Parallel Jets by Discrete Vortex Method

U ) along the stream-wise direction, three divided regions, which are the converging region, the merging region, and the combined region, could be clearly identified and good agreement to experimental results was found. In the combined region, the two jets combine to form a single jet flow. Due to the vortex oscillating motions, highly turbulent intensity region was observed between merging point and combined point; and regularly periodic behavior, attributing to buff body shedding in the near field and a confining effect of the outer shear layers, was observed in this region as 5/3<S/W <2. As the regular periodic motion occurs, apparent dominated frequency is found in the spectrums of stream-wise fluctuation velocity and its value decreases accompanied by the decrease on the nozzle spacing.
Arc-length-based Lyapunov tests for convergence and stability in systems having a continuum of equilibria

This paper focuses on the stability analysis of systems having a continuum of equilibria. Two notions that are of particular relevance to such systems are convergence and semistability. Convergence is the property whereby every solution converges to a limit point that may depend on the initial condition. Semistability is the additional requirement that all solutions converge to limit point that are Lyapunov stable. In this paper, we relate convergence and stability to arc length of the orbits. More specifically, we show that a system is convergent if all of its orbits have finite arc length, while an equilibrium is Lyapunov stable if the arc length (considered as a function of the initial condition) is continuous at the equilibrium, and semistable if the arc length is continuous in a neighborhood of the equilibrium. Next we derive arc-length-base Lyapunov results for convergence and stability. These results do not require the Lyapunov function to be positive definite. Instead, these results involve an inequality relating the righthand side of the differential equation and the Lyapunov function derivative. The inequality makes it possible to deduce properties of the arc length function and this leads to sufficient conditions for convergence and stability. Finally, we give additional assumptions under which the converses of all the main results hold.
Scalable TFETI algorithm for the solution of multibody contact problems of elasticity

A Total FETI (TFETI)‐based domain decomposition algorithm with preconditioning by a natural coarse grid of the rigid body motions is adapted to the solution of multibody contact problems of elasticity in 2D and 3D and proved to be scalable. The algorithm finds an approximate solution at the cost asymptotically proportional to the number of variables provided the ratio of the decomposition parameter and the discretization parameter is bounded. The analysis is based on the classical results by Farhat, Mandel, and Roux on scalability of FETI with a natural coarse grid for linear problems and on our development of optimal quadratic programming algorithms for bound and equality constrained problems. The algorithm preserves parallel scalability of the classical FETI method. Both theoretical results and numerical experiments indicate a high efficiency of our algorithm. In addition, its performance is illustrated on a real‐world problem of analysis of the ball bearing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Long-range Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) Feedback Affects the Low-redshift Lyα Forest

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) feedback models are generally calibrated to reproduce galaxy observables such as the stellar mass function and the bimodality in galaxy colors. We use variations of the AGN feedback implementations in the IllustrisTNG (TNG) and Simba cosmological hydrodynamic simulations to show that the low-redshift Lyα forest can provide constraints on the impact of AGN feedback. We show that TNG overpredicts the number density of absorbers at column densities N HI < 1014 cm−2 compared to data from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (in agreement with previous work), and we demonstrate explicitly that its kinetic feedback mode, which is primarily responsible for galaxy quenching, has a negligible impact on the column density distribution (CDD) of absorbers. In contrast, we show that the fiducial Simba model, which includes AGN jet feedback, is the preferred fit to the observed CDD of the z = 0.1 Lyα forest across 5 orders of magnitude in column density. We show that the Simba results with jets produce a quantitatively better fit to the observational data than the Simba results without jets, even when the ultraviolet background is left as a free parameter. AGN jets in Simba are high speed, collimated, weakly interacting with the interstellar medium (via brief hydrodynamic decoupling), and heated to the halo virial temperature. Collectively these properties result in stronger long-range impacts on the intergalactic medium when compared to TNG’s kinetic feedback mode, which drives isotropic winds with lower velocities at the galactic radius. Our results suggest that the low-redshift Lyα forest provides plausible evidence for long-range AGN jet feedback.
[O iii] 5007 Å Emission Line Width as a Surrogate for σ ∗ in Type 1 AGNs?

We present a study of the relation between the [O iii] 5007 Å emission line width (σ [OIII]) and stellar velocity dispersion (σ *), utilizing a sample of 740 type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with high-quality spectra at redshift z < 1.0. We find the broad correlation between the core component of the [O iii] emission line width ( σ[OIII,core] ) and σ * with a scatter of 0.11 dex for the low redshift (z < 0.1) sample; for redshift (0.3 < z < 1.0) AGNs, the scatter is larger, being 0.16 dex. We also find that the Eddington ratio (L bol/L Edd) may play an important role in the discrepancies between σ[OIII,core] and σ *. As the L bol/L Edd increases, σ[OIII,core] tends to be larger than σ *. By classifying our local sample with different minor-to-major axis ratios, we find that σ * is larger than σ[OIII,core] for those edge-on spiral galaxies. In addition, we also find that the effects of outflow strength properties such as maximum outflow velocity ( Vmax ) and the broader component of the [O iii] emission line width and line shift (σ [OIII,out] and V [OIII,out]) may play a major role in the discrepancies between σ[OIII,core] and σ *. The discrepancies between σ[OIII,core] and σ * are larger when Vmax , V [OIII,out], and σ [OIII,out] increase. Our results show that the outflow strengths may have significant effects on the differences between narrow-line region gas and stellar kinematics in AGNs. We suggest that caution should be taken when using σ[OIII,core] as a surrogate for σ *. In addition, the substitute of σ[OIII,core] for σ * could be used only for low luminosity AGNs.
Genome wide association study based on clustering by obesity-related variables shed light on a genetic architecture of obesity in Japanese and UK population

Background: Many loci associated with obesity have been reported in previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs). However, it remains unclear whether variants at all these loci contributed to onset of obesity or whether one or a few variants cause obesity when obesity is a genetically heterogeneous population. Objective: To investigate the genetic architecture of obesity by clustering a population with obesity into clusters using obesity-related factors. Methods: This study was based on the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study and the Community-Based Cohort Study. As the Step-1, a GWAS with body mass index (BMI) as an outcome was performed for all 48,365 eligible participants. As the Step-2, we then assigned the 13,067/48,365 participants with obesity (BMI [≥] 25 kg/m2) using the k-prototype to 5 clusters. Obesity-related factors (such as age, nutrient intake, physical activity, sleep duration, difference between weight at age 20 and current weight, smoking, alcohol drinking, psychological distress, and birth weight) were used for clustering. Subsequently, participants in each cluster and those with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 were combined, and GWASs were performed according to the 5 clusters. Additionally, a sub-analysis using data from the UK Biobank was conducted to compare the results. Results: The Step-1 detected 18 genes, most of which were reportedly associated with obesity or obesity-related topics in previous studies. The result of Step-2, of the 18 genes detected in Step-1, LINC01741, CRYZL2P-SEC16B, and SEC16B were significantly related to Cluster 2, FTO, PMAIP1, and MC4R to Cluster 3, and BDNF, BDNF-AS, LINC00678, and KIF18A to Clusters 4 and 5. In the sub-analysis, a similar phenomenon was observed in which separate obesity-related genes were detected for each cluster. Conclusions: Our data support the notion that a decreased sample size with increased homogeneity may reveal insights into the genetic architecture of obesity.
Type I fiber decrease and ectopic fat accumulation in skeletal muscle from women with PCOS

Polycystic ovary syndromes (PCOS) main feature is hyperandrogenism, which is linked to a higher risk of metabolic disorders in women. Gene expression analyses in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle reveal dysregulated metabolic pathways in women with PCOS, but these differences do not necessarily lead to changes in protein levels and biological function. To advance our understanding of the molecular alterations in PCOS, we performed global proteomic and phosphorylation site analysis using tandem mass spectrometry. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were collected at baseline from 10 women with and without PCOS, and in women with PCOS after 5 weeks of treatment with electrical stimulation. Perilipin-1, a protein that typically coats the surface of lipid droplets in adipocytes, was increased whereas proteins involved in muscle contraction and type I muscle fiber function were downregulated in PCOS muscle. Proteins in the thick and thin filaments had many altered phosphorylation sites, indicating differential protein activity. The upregulated proteins in muscle post treatment were enriched in pathways involved in extracellular matrix organization and wound healing, which may reflect a protective adaptation to repeated contractions and tissue damage due to needling. A similar, albeit less pronounced, upregulation in extracellular matrix organization pathways was also seen in adipose tissue. Our results suggest that hyperandrogenic women with PCOS have higher levels of extramyocellular lipids, fewer oxidative and insulin-sensitive type I muscle fibers. These could be key factors leading insulin resistance in PCOS muscle while electric stimulation-induced tissue remodeling may be protective.
Magnetic Barkhausen noise study of domain wall dynamics in grain oriented 3% Si-Fe

Magnetic Barkhausen noise measurements were performed on various samples of 3% Si steel laminates in order to clarify the relationship between the domain structure, grain orientation, and power losses. The total Barkhausen noise power has been measured versus applied field. The statistical parameters characterizing the Barkhausen noise were related to macroscopic material properties. The results obtained show that a correlation exists between the Barkhausen noise power and the total power losses. This makes it possible to connect the crystallographic structure to the magnetic behavior of grain oriented materials at both microscopic and macroscopic levels.
Singular Vector Calculations with an Analysis Error Variance Metric

Abstract Singular vectors of the navy's global forecast model are calculated using an initial norm consistent with an estimate of analysis error variance provided by the Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS). The variance estimate is based on a decomposition of the block diagonal preconditioner for the conjugate-gradient descent algorithm used in NAVDAS. Because the inverse square root of the operator that defines the variance norm is readily computed, the leading singular vectors are obtained using a standard Lanczos algorithm, as with diagonal norms such as total energy. The resulting singular vectors are consistent with the expected distribution of analysis errors. Compared with singular vectors based on a total energy norm, the variance singular vectors at initial time have less amplitude over well-observed areas, as well as greater amplitude in the middle and upper troposphere. The variance singular vectors are in some ways similar to the full cov.
Rocky exoplanet characterization and atmospheres

Abstract A decade of exoplanet search has led to surprising discoveries, from giant planets close to their star, to planets orbiting two stars, all the way to the first extremely hot, rocky worlds with potentially permanent lava on their surfaces due to the star's proximity. Observation techniques have reached the sensitivity to explore the chemical composition of the atmospheres as well as physical structure of some detected gas planets and detect planets of less than 10 Earth masses (MEarth), the so-called super-Earths, among them some that may potentially be habitable. Three confirmed non-transiting planets, and several transiting Kepler planetary candidates, orbit in the habitable zone (HZ) of their host star. The detection and characterization of rocky and potentially Earth-like planets is approaching rapidly with future ground and space missions that can explore the planetary environments by analysing their atmosphere remotely. This paper discusses how to characterize a rocky exoplanet remotely.
Results for sixth order positively homogeneous equations

Abstract We consider positively homogeneous the sixth order differential equations of the type x (6) = h(t, x), where h possesses the property that h(t, cx) = ch(t, x) for c ≥ 0. This class includes the linear equations x (6) = p(t)x and piece‐wise linear ones x (6) = k 2 x+ - k 1 x− . We consider conjugate points and angles associated with extremal solutions and prove some comparison results.
The Estuarine Circulation

Recent research in estuaries challenges the long-standing paradigm of the gravitationally driven estuarine circulation. In estuaries with relatively strong tidal forcing and modest buoyancy forcing, the tidal variation in stratification leads to a tidal straining circulation driven by tidal variation in vertical mixing, with a magnitude that may significantly exceed the gravitational circulation. For weakly stratified estuaries, vertical and lateral advection are also important contributors to the tidally driven residual circulation. The apparent contradiction with the conventional paradigm is resolved when the estuarine parameter space is mapped with respect to a mixing parameter M that is based on the ratio of the tidal timescale to the vertical mixing timescale. Estuaries with high M values exhibit strong tidal nonlinearity, and those with small M values show conventional estuarine dynamics. Estuaries with intermediate mixing rates show marked transitions between these regimes at timescales of the spri.
Analysis of Star Formation in Galaxy-like Objects

Using cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, we investigate the effects of hierarchical aggregation on the triggering of star formation in galactic-like objects. We include a simple star formation model to transform the cold gas in dense regions into stars. Simulations with different parameters have been performed in order to quantify the dependence of the results on the parameters. We then resort to stellar population synthesis models to trace the color evolution of each object with redshift and in relation to their merger histories. We find that, in a hierarchical clustering scenario, the process of assembling of the structure is one natural mechanism that may trigger star formation. The resulting star formation rate history for each individual galactic object is composed of a continuous one (≤3 M☉ yr-1) and a series of starbursts. We find that even the accretion of a small satellite can be correlated with a stellar burst. Massive mergers are found to be more efficient at transforming gas into stars
Convex bodies which tile space by translation: Acknowledgement of priority

Since my article McMullen [1980] has appeared, Professors S. S. Ryskov and B. B. Venkov have drawn my attention to two previously published papers. B. A. Venkov [1954] proves my main Theorem 1 (and its corollary Theorem 2) by methods apparently very similar to mine (1 have not checked all the details), while A. D. Aleksandrov [1954] generalizes Venkov's result to tilings of spaces of constant curvature by polytopes (not necessarily convex) congruent to ones in some finite collection. I am happy to acknowledge their priority.
Some direct and inverse theorems in approximation of functions

Abstract The paper is concerned with the determination of the degree of convergence of a sequence of linear operators connected with the Fourier series of a function of class Lp (p > 1) to that function and some inverse results in relating the convergence to the classes of functions. In certain cases one can obtain the saturation results too. In all cases Lp norm is used.
Spectral properties of eight near-Earth asteroids

Context. Near-Earth objects are among the most accessible bodies in the solar system in terms of the spacecraft propulsion requirements to reach them. The choice of targets and the planning of space missions are based on high quality ground-based science. Aims. The knowledge of the ensemble of physical parameters for these objects, including their composition, is a critical point in defining any mission scientific objectives. Determining the physical properties of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) is also possible from the ground by analyzing spectroscopy at both visible and infrared wavelengths. Methods. We present spectra of eight NEAs (1917, 8567, 16960, 164400, 188452, 2001 SG286, and 2010 TD54) obtained using the NASA telescope IRTF equipped with the spectro-imager SpeX. The observations were performed in the 0.8–2.5 μm spectral region using the low resolution mode of the spectrograph. We completed the taxonomic classification using the Bus-DeMeo taxonomy. We analyzed the spectra by comparing them to meteorite spectra from the Relab database using a χ 2 approach. For the S-type asteroids of our sample, the band centers and BAR were calculated. We also attempted to interpret our data using a space-weathering model. Results. The taxonomic classification of five objects was reviewed and we assigned a corresponding type to the other three asteroids that were not classified before. We found that (1917) Cuyo, (8567) 1996 HW1, (16960) 1998 QS52, (188452) 2004 HE62, and 2010 TD54 are in the S-complex. We achieved a good matching of our S-type asteroids with the spectra of ordinary chondrites meteorites. The asteroid (5620) Jasonwheeler was found to have a NIR spectrum similar to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. Thus, our results confirm its primitive properties obtained in several other spectral intervals.
Hall-magnetometry on ferromagnetic dots and dot arrays

The switching of electroplated Nickel-pillars with diameters smaller 170 nm and heights greater 300 nm was investigated. The nanomagnets were placed on top of the sensor either individually or in groups of 5 up to 13 in different patterns. The individual pillars show two types of hysteresis loops: one type resembles a perfect rectangular hysteresis trace over a wide temperature range, the other type shows two steps in the Hall-voltage when magnetization direction is reversed. The switching field H/sub sw/ of a pillar with rectangular hysteresis trace was measured between 1.6 K and 225 K. H/sub sw/ decreases linearly with increasing temperature. Both results as well as the variation of switching fields of different "single domain" particles suggest, that oxide layers on the surface of the pillars strongly influence the magnetization reversal. Despite this complication small arrays of Ni pillars placed on the sensor display a well defined switching behavior. Different steps in the Hall-voltage reflect the switching of the individual magnets.