Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The corotating hollow vortex pair: steady merger and break-up via a topological singularity

Abstract The shapes of two steadily rotating, equal circulation, two-dimensional hollow vortices are determined and their properties examined. By means of a numerical scheme that accounts for the doubly connected nature of the fluid domain, it is shown that a one-parameter family of solutions exists that is a continuation of a corotating point-vortex pair. With $b=2$ set as the distance between the vortex centroids, we find that each vortex reaches a maximum possible area of $0.796$ corresponding to $a/b=0.260$ where $a$ is a measure of the vortex core radius proposed by Meunier et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 14, 2002, pp. 2757–2766). Results are compared to those of a previous study by Saffman & Szeto (Phys. Fluids, vol. 23, 1980, pp. 2339–2342) in which two corotating patches of uniform vorticity are considered in place of the hollow vortices studied here. The general behaviour of the two systems is seen to be similar but some differences are highlighted, especially when the vortices become close to touching due to the accumulation of vorticity in thin extended fingers emanating from each of the vortices. The numerical scheme captures the family of equilibria very close to a critical configuration where these fingers tend to touch at the centre of rotation corresponding to $a/b \approx 0.283$. By a simple adaptation of the numerical scheme to compute $2$-fold rotationally symmetric equilibria for a single rotating hollow vortex we then show that its limiting configuration is one where a thin waist forms leading to two separate parts of its single boundary drawing close together. We give evidence that the limit of this single vortex configuration coincides with the limit of the two-vortex configuration. The limiting configuration itself turns out not to be physically admissible, leading to what we refer to as a topological singularity since no physical quantities blow up, indeed they appear to be continuous as the limiting state is approached from the two topologically distinct directions.
Advances in Understanding Hydrogel Lubrication

Since their inception, hydrogels have gained popularity among multiple fields, most significantly in biomedical research and industry. Due to their resemblance to biological tribosystems, a significant amount of research has been conducted on hydrogels to elucidate biolubrication mechanisms and their possible applications as replacement materials. This review is focused on lubrication mechanisms and covers friction models that have attempted to quantify the complex frictional characteristics of hydrogels. From models developed on the basis of polymer physics to the concept of hydration lubrication, assumptions and conditions for their applicability are discussed. Based on previous models and our own experimental findings, we propose the viscous-adhesive model for hydrogel friction. This model accounts for the effects of confinement of the polymer network provided by a solid surface and poroelastic relaxation as well as the (non) Newtonian shear of a complex fluid on the frictional force and quantifies the frictional response of hydrogels-solid interfaces. Finally, the review delineates potential areas of future research based on the current knowledge.
Flow hydraulic characteristics and dynamic erodibility of saline-sodic soil slopes for coastal areas under simulated rainfall conditions

ABSTRACT Tidal flat reclamation generates several excavated saline-sodic soil slopes. However, there are limited studies on the hydraulic flow characteristics and dynamic erodibility of saline-sodic soil slopes. This study was conducted to quantify the effects of the soil bulk density (1.35 and 1.40 g cm−3), rainfall intensity (85, 110, and 125 mm h−1), and slope gradient (11°, 22°, and 35°) on the hydraulic characteristics and soil erodibility of saline–sodic soil slopes under simulated rainfall conditions. The mean sediment loss significantly increases with the slope gradient (pr = 0.9, p < 0.01), rainfall intensity (pr = 0.6, p < 0.05), and soil bulk density (pr = 0.6, p < 0.05). The hydraulic shear stress (τ) and stream power (ω) are good sediment loss predictors for all soil bulk densities (R2 = 0.4 and 0.6). The stream power equation SL = Kω (ω − ωcr ) outperforms both hydraulic shear stress equations [SL = Kτ (τ − τcr )3/2; SL = Kτ (τ − τcr )]. In most cases, the soil erodibility exponentially increases to a maximum and then exponentially decreases (R2 > 0.6). Consequently, the dynamic changes in the saline-sodic soil erodibility during a rainfall event cannot be neglected.
Discovery of extracellular vesicles derived miR-181a-5p in patient's serum as an indicator for bone-metastatic prostate cancer

Purpose: To identify extracellular vesicle (EV)-delivered microRNAs in the patient's serum as indicators for bone-metastatic prostate cancer. Methods: First, the profiling change of serum EV-delivered miRNAs in patients with either benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), non-bone metastatic prostate cancer or bone-metastatic prostate cancer was detected by microRNA deep sequencing assay and microRNA-chip array assay, respectively. Second, the candidates were further confirmed using TaqMan microRNA assay in two independent validation cohorts of total 176 patients with either BPH, non-bone metastatic prostate cancer or bone metastatic prostate cancer to seek the most valuable microRNA(s). Results: Through microRNA deep sequencing and microRNA-chip array, we found 4 prospective EV-delivered miRNAs including miR-181a-5p with significantly upregulated expression in bone metastatic groups than in non-bone metastatic prostate cancer groups (p < 0.05). In the validation cohorts, logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic association of candidates with bone metastasis, which indicated that miR-181a-5p was significantly associated with bone metastatic prostate cancer. Furthermore, accuracy estimate of each candidate for the diagnosis of bone metastatic prostate cancer was quantified using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), which identified miR-181a-5p as the best biomarker with the AUCs of 85.6% for diagnosis of prostate cancer and 73.8% for diagnosis of bone metastatic prostate cancer. Conclusion: EV-delivered miR-181a-5p from patient's serum is a promising diagnostic biomarker for bone metastatic prostate cancer.
Landlords of the Digital World: How Territoriality and Social Identity Predict Playing Intensity in Location-based Games

Popular location-based games (LBGs) such as Pok´emon GO have been downloaded hundreds of millions of times and have been shown to have a positive impact on mild exercise and social well-being of their players. Several currently popular LBGs introduce a gamiﬁed implementation of territorial conﬂict, where players are divided into teams that battle for the ownership of geographically distributed points of interest. We investigate how social factors and territoriality inﬂuence playing intensity in the context of Pok´emon GO. Using reasoning from social identity theory, we propose a structural model connecting territoriality, sociality and playing intensity. To test the model, we analyze data collected from a global sample of Pok´emon GO players (N=515). Our results show social self-efﬁcacy, territorial self-efﬁcacy and altruism to inﬂuence players’ identiﬁcation with their team. Team identiﬁcation in turn predicts both in-game territorial control behavior and playing intensity.
Clinical and etiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia at high altitudes in Tibet, China

To the Editor: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infectious diseases, causing high morbidity and mortality. High altitudes are characterized by a hypoxic environment with low barometric pressure, increased ultraviolet radiation, and low humidity. Hypoxia can disturb normal homeostasis of the immune system, especially impairing the function of the T lymphocytes, leading to an increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. The respiratory symptoms of CAP at high altitudes are similar to that of high-altitude pulmonary edema.However, the occurrence of CAP can exacerbate high-altitude pulmonary edema. Few published data of CAP in adults at high altitudes have been reported worldwide. Tibet is locatedat anaveragealtitudeofover3000mabove sea level, and the clinical and etiological data of CAP at high altitudes are lacking. Almost all the nationwide epidemiological studies of CAP inChina have excluded high-altitude regions (>2500m). Currently, there is no difference between the management strategies of CAP in Tibet and low-altitude regions, with similar CAP guidelines applied in clinical practice. The special environmental conditions at high altitudes may influence the etiology of CAP; hence, the optimal strategy for the treatment of CAP needs to be investigated in accordance with the local circumstances. Moreover, tuberculosis is prevalent in Tibet with atypical clinical manifestations and is sometimes difficult to distinguish from CAP exclusively based on clinical features without microbiological evaluation. The high prevalence of prior tuberculosis infection further complicates the diagnosis of CAP. We conducted a pilot study of CAP at a single center in Tibet to understand the clinical profile of CAP at high altitudes and optimize the treatment strategy for the management of CAP at high altitudes.
Reaction zone measurements in detonating aluminized explosives

Detonation reaction zone measurements have been made on five RDX-based explosives (60 μm average particle size RDX), containing 6% polymer binder and from 0 to 19% aluminum of different particle size (from 2 μm to 20 μm). A photoelectric technique was employed to record the radiation intensity history of the shock front propagating through chloroform in contact with the charge face. The record was then translated into the explosive/chloroform interface velocity history. In all cases, the Zeldovich-von Neumann-Doering detonation wave structure was observed. Aluminum particle size was found to have no appreciable effect on the reaction zone length, which increases from 0.34 mm to 0.58 mm as aluminum content increases from 0 to 19%. Nevertheless, the reaction zone lengths of the studied explosives are less than that of RDX/TNT 50/50 (0.59 mm), which implies relatively high rate of the reaction between aluminum and RDX detonation products.
Temperature-dependent phonon lifetimes and thermal conductivity of silicon by inelastic neutron scattering and 
ab initio
 calculations

Inelastic neutron scattering on a single crystal of silicon was performed at temperatures from 100 to 1500 K. These experimental data were reduced to obtain phonon spectral intensity at all wave vectors (cid:2) Q and frequencies ω in the ﬁrst Brillouin zone. Thermal broadenings of the phonon peaks were obtained by ﬁtting and by calculating with an iterative ab initio method that uses thermal atom displacements on an ensemble of superlattices. Agreement between the calculated and experimental broadenings was good, with possible discrepancies at the highest temperatures. Distributions of phonon widths versus phonon energy had similar shapes for computation and experiment. These distributions grew with temperature but maintained similar shapes. Parameters from the ab initio calculations were used to obtain the thermal conductivity from the Boltzmann transport equation, which was in good agreement with experimental data. Despite the high group velocities of longitudinal acoustic phonons, their shorter lifetimes reduced their contribution to the thermal conductivity, which was dominated by transverse acoustic modes.
Subduction accretion, thermal overprinting, and exhumation of high-pressure/low-temperature metasedimentary rocks of the south-central brooks range

ABSTRACT Lithological, petrological and structural observations and measurements of graphite thermometry, Si-in-phengite barometry, and 40Ar/39Ar phengite thermochronology were performed along two transects across the south-central Brooks Range of northern Alaska. The integrated data set reveals a history of accretion, protracted thermal overprinting of high-pressure/low-temperature (HP/LT) metamorphic assemblages, and subsequent exhumation. Tectonic domains characterized by upper greenschist facies metamorphic rocks display a dominant E-W axial planar cleavage/foliation fabric that overprints bedding and earlier metamorphic foliations. Raman maturation thermometry and Si-in-phengite barometry document a southward increase from greenschist facies conditions (ca. 360–400°C; 3–7 kbar) in the Doonerak window and Endicott Mountains allochthon to epidote-blueschist facies conditions (~515°C and 10–13 kbar) within the Schist Belt. Within the Central and Schist belts albite porphyroblasts overgrow the earlier deformation fabric and quartz microstructures exhibit evidence for diffusive recovery. This indicates thermal overprinting of deeper portions of the accretionary complex caused protracted (ca. 25 m.y.) greenschist facies overprinting of HP/LT assemblages within the Ar partial retention zone. The Schist Belt – Central Belt boundary is defined by a singular, penetrative foliation that displays a weak shear-band fabric. 40Ar/39Ar results along this boundary indicate that the fabric records deformation along the lower boundary of a nappe that began to move up the subduction channel as subduction ceased by ~135-130 Ma. Subsequent deformation along the Schist Belt – Phyllite Belt boundary reflects the exhumation of HP/LT rocks along a south-dipping normal-sense shear zone. Phengite 40Ar/39Ar age gradients coupled with the first arrival of coarse-grained Brooks Ranges detritus within the adjacent Yukon Koyukuk Basin indicate that tectonic denudation along this shear zone partly exhumed the Schist and Phyllite belts to mid-crustal depths by 110–105 Ma. Final exhumation of the HP/LT rocks was delayed until the Cenozoic which resulted in < 15 km of additional denudation.
One side class SVM training methods for malware detection

Even though machine learning methods are being used in practice for malware detection, there are still many hurdles to overcome. Nowadays, there are still some challenges remaining regarding machine learning for malware detection: having a false positive rate as low as possible, fast classification, low volatile and disk memory usage. Because of these constraints, security solutions often have to rely on simpler models rather than on more complex ones. This paper has the purpose of reducing the training phase false positive rate of SVM models in the context of malware detection by using reformulations of the SVM optimization problem. The results obtained show that the proposed linear SVM model can be a drop in replacement with better false positive rate than regular linear SVM models or the one side class perceptron [4].
Designing dual inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease as well as Type 2 diabetes mellitus via pharmacoinformatics approach: A step towards better medication for diabetes-associated neurological disorder

Purpose: To design dual inhibitors against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via pharmacoinformatics approach. Methods: Dual Drug Candidates (DDC) were designed and explored for their molecular interaction with several AD and T2DM targets. Pterostilbene, a natural anti-T2DM compound was coupled with different cholinesterase inhibitors to design DDC. Orisis Datawarrior online property calculator tools, Autock 4.2 and Hex 5.1 were used to investigate the potency of all DDC relative to positive controls. Results: The study found that DDC2 (pterostilbene methylene linker -octa hydro amino phenothiazine), DDC3 (pterostilbene ethylene linker N-phthalimide) and DDC5 (pterostilbene carbonyl linker 2-methyl-4-aminoquinoline) were the most promising out of all the DDCs. DDC2 showed strong molecular interaction with most of the AD and T2DM targets, including acetylcholinesterase, butrylcholinesterase, β-secretase, receptor for advanced glycation end products and ATP sensitive potassium channel, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and sodium glucose transport protien 2. The findings also revealed the amyloid anti-aggregation potential of DDC. Conclusion: The results show that DDC3 and DDC5 significantly interfer with the primary nucleation process of β amyloid. Thus, DDC2, DDC3 and DDC5 have strong anti-T2DM and anti-AD potential.
Theoretical computation of thermophysical properties of high-temperature F2, CF4, C2F2, C2F4, C2F6, C3F6 and C3F8 plasmas

The calculated values of thermodynamic and transport properties of pure F2 and fluorocarbon compounds CF4, C2F2, C2F4, C2F6, C3F6 and C3F8 at high temperatures are presented in this paper. The thermodynamic properties are determined by the method of Gibbs free energy minimization, using standard thermodynamic tables. The transport properties, including electron diffusion coefficients, viscosity, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, are evaluated using the Chapman–Enskog method expanded up to the third-order approximation (second order for viscosity). The most accurate cross-section data that could be located are used to evaluate collision integrals. The calculations based on the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium are performed for atmospheric-pressure plasmas in the temperature range from 300 to 30 000 K for different pressures between 0.1 and 10 atm. The results of F2, CF4, C2F2, C2F4 and C2F6 are compared with those of previously published studies. Larger discrepancies occur for transport coefficients; these are explained in terms of the different values of the collision integrals that were used. The results presented here are expected to be more accurate because of the improved collision integrals employed.
Chemical proximate composition, antinutritional factors content, and antioxidant capacity of anatomical seed fractions of Moringa oleifera

For rational use of moringa seeds and its anatomical fractions (kernel, shells, and wings), the objective of the present investigation was to analyze their chemical composition, antinutritional factors content, and antioxidant capacity. The seed kernel fraction represents 71.78% of the whole seed weight and possesses high contents of protein (32.19%) and lipids (38.72%), whereas seed shells and wings fractions are mainly composed of dietary fiber and carbohydrates. Phytate was the most abundant antinutritional factor detected in all fractions (604.0 mg PAE/100 g-1674.9 mg PAE/100 g), followed by total phenolics (218.5 mg GAE/100 g-386.9 mg GAE/100 g) and saponins (130.4 mg DE/100 g-197.4 mg DE/100 g). Moringa seeds fractions showed a high antioxidant capacity. The kernel fraction exerts the highest activity (15 251.90 μmol TE/100g), followed by shells (8 499.50 μmol TE/100g) and wings (5 878.90 μmol TE/100g). Moringa seed kernel fraction seems to be a promising source of protein. All anatomical seed fractions of moringa are a reservoir of dietary fiber and antioxidants.
Lattice spacing relationships in magnesium solid solutions

Abstract Accurate measurements have been made of the lattice spacings in binary magnesium solid solutions containing aluminium, bismuth, cadmium, indium, lead, lithium, silver, tin and zinc. The results show that the lattice distortion accompanying the introduction of a solute depends on the difference in size of the solute and solvent atoms, their relative electronegativity and, where the valency of the solute differs from that of magnesium, the electron : atom ratio in the solution. Where the solute is not divalent, variation of the number of electrons in the conduction band seems to be entirely associated with the c dimension of the lattice, in such a way that a regular increase in axial ratio takes place as the electron concentration increases. The manner in which this affects the accepted picture of the distribution of electrons in the Brillouin Zones of magnesium is discussed.
Construction and Characterization of Indium Liquid Ion Selective Electrodes Based on Crown Ethers in a PVC Matrix Membrane

Several indium ion selective electrodes were constructed based on 15-crown-5 (15C5), dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6) and dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8) as sensors and di-octyl phenyl phosphonate (DOPP), di-butyl phthalate (DBPH), tri-butyl phosphate (DBP), tri-n-amyl phosphate (TAP) and bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phosphate (BEHP) as plasticizers in a PVC matrix membrane. Electrode parameters, pH effect and interferences were also studied. The indium electrode based on 15C5 using DOPP as a plasticizer gave the best response for low levels of In3+ ions. The linear range for this electrode ranged from 3.8 x 10-5 to 5.0 x 10-2 M (with correlation coefficient r = 0.9997), the slope was 20.1 mV/decade with a detection limit of 1.2 x 10-5 M, and the working pH range was 3.8--5.9. Interferences of Na+ , K+ , NH4+ , Ca2+ , Ba2+ , Cd2+ , La3+ , Nd3+ and Eu3+ on the electrode response were also investigated using a mixed solution method. Mono- and divalent cations were found to interfere less than trivalent cations. The concentrations of indium ions in the prepared standard solutions were determined by direct, standard addition (SA), multiple standard addition (MSA) and titration methods. The results were compared with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The precision and accuracy of each method were calculated and expressed in terms of the relative standard deviation and the relative error. Optical measurements were also studied by measuring the absorbance for each membrane after steady intervals of immersion in a standard solution of its ions using UV/Visible spectrophotometry. Each membrane showed a rapid decrease in absorbance when it reached the end of its life due to leaching of the membrane contents to the external solution.
Diagnosis and management of protracted bacterial bronchitis: a survey of Chinese pediatricians

Background Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a common cause of chronic wet cough in children. However, it is often misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated in clinical practices. This study aims to investigate the current diagnosis and management of PBB among Chinese pediatricians. Methods An electronic questionnaire designed to assess the diagnosis and management of PBB was sent to pediatricians in China. Results A total of 1,022 pediatricians completed the questionnaire. Most (68.8%) of the pediatricians diagnosed PBB in compliance with the guidelines, 44.3% and 24.5% of them followed microbiology-based and clinical-based diagnosis criteria, respectively. Only 40.4% of the pediatricians chose amoxicillin-clavulanate as the first-line antibiotic for PBB treatment, 23.7% and 23.5% of them chose third-generation cephalosporins and macrolides, respectively. The majority of pediatricians (75.4%) reported 2–4 weeks of antibiotics course, 19.3% of them prescribed a shorter course and 5% of them selected a longer course. Only 26.3% of the pediatricians performed combined investigations of chest high-resolution computed tomography scan (c-HRCT), bronchoscopy, and immunological tests for recurrences of PBB. Compared with general pediatricians (GP), pediatric pulmonologists (PP) preferred microbiology-based diagnosis criteria, prescribed more amoxicillin-clavulanate, and performed more investigations for recurrent patients (P<0.05). Conclusions The majority of Chinese pediatricians diagnosed PBB in compliance with guidelines. However, the reasonable antibiotics applications and the investigations for recurrent PBB need to be improved.