Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Machining Variables on the Quality of the Shaping Process on Hard Steel

The product quality of hard steel material formed by a shaping machine using HSS tools was studied under the influence of machining variables. The research focused on the effects of tool vibration on the surface roughness of the product. The experimental process was carried out by selecting the machining independent variables, namely: cutting speed (V) = 1 m/min; 2 m/min; 3 m/min; cutting thickness (a) = 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm; feeding motion (f) = 5 mm/step; 8mm/step; 10 mm/step. Shaping machine was operated with 3 fixed speed levels (n) of 21.8 rpm, 39 rpm and 59.8 rpm, respectively. The dependent variable, namely stroke per minute (np); and feed rate (Vf). The material used was ASTM A483-A high carbon steel. Vibration measurements were taken during machining using an ADXL 345 accelerometer and an Arduino Pro Mini with support for Arduino IDE 1.8. 13 and USB TTL CP 2120 software. Vibration acceleration (af) on the tool was recorded and an evaluation was performed to determine the effects of machining variables on the final products. The results show that speed lavel of machine, feed rate , and cutting thickness majorly affect vibration. The lowest vibration was obtained at a speed (n) of 21.8 rpm, a feed rate (Vf) of 1 mm/s, and cutting thickness (a) of 0.2 mm. The highest vibration was obtained at n of 59.6 rpm, Vf = 1 mm/s and a of 0.4 mm. The quality of the product related to the surface roughness was mainly influenced by the machine speed levels. The roughness values ranged from 3.97 to 6.46 µm, with the lowest surface roughness or smoother surface achieved at a moderate speed of 39 rpm and higher surface roughness at high (59.8 rpm) and low (21.8 rpm) speeds.
A Novel Non-Invasive Cryostatic Spectrometry Technique to Characterize the Carriers’ Multiplication Factor in Silicon Carbide Power Devices

The design of robust power semiconductor devices and the assessment of their susceptibility to terrestrial cosmic rays induced failures requires the accurate characterization of the device-internal electric field. This work presents a non-invasive cryostatic spectrometry technique making use of a soft-gamma Am241 radioactive source, to sense the device-internal electric field of silicon carbide power devices, through the measurement of the carriers’ multiplication factor. TCAD and Monte Carlo simulations tools are coupled to predict the soft-gamma irradiation spectra and to localize the hotspots for charge multiplication in the device structure. An empirical relationship is derived to convert the carriers’ multiplication factor measured at cryogenic temperature to the multiplication factor at ambient temperature. Finally, by highlighting the correlation between the multiplication factor and the failure rate of power devices exposed to terrestrial cosmic radiation, the technique is proposed as a complimentary method for the on-field assessment of the Safe-Operating Area.
Reliability of SiC MOSFET Power Modules under Consecutive H3TRB and Power Cycling Stress

Power semiconductor modules are subject to both thermo-mechanical stress and electro-chemical stress during field operation. Usually, those stressors are investigated separately and possible interaction of both degradation mechanisms is neglected. In this work, the effect of combined thermo-mechanical and electro-chemical stress is investigated by means of consecutive H3TRB and PCT testing. One test group had been subjected to power cycling before the H3TRB test was performed, while another test group had been exposed to H3TRB stress before the power cycling test. As a reference, devices without preconditioning were tested in both, H3TRB and power cycling and are also used to compare the H3TRB and power cycling performance of the SiC devices to similar silicon devices. The results show, that the SiC devices feature a significantly better H3TRB performance than comparable silicon devices, but are inferior in terms of power cycling performance. Furthermore, the results for both test groups of the combined tests indicate that the failure modes for the previously stressed devices were the same as for the pristine devices and no impact of either preceding stress on the devices' lifetime could be observed. Therefore, the results of this work suggest no interaction between both stressors, at least not for the devices used for this investigation.
Electrically driven nanogap antennas and quantum tunneling regime

Abstract The optical and electrical characteristics of electrically-driven nanogap antennas are extremely sensitive to the nanogap region where the fields are tightly confined and electrons and photons can interplay. Upon injecting electrons in the nanogap, a conductance channel opens between the metal surfaces modifying the plasmon charge distribution and therefore inducing an electrical tuning of the gap plasmon resonance. Electron tunneling across the nanogap can be harnessed to induce broadband photon emission with boosted quantum efficiency. Under certain conditions, the energy of the emitted photons exceeds the energy of electrons, and this overbias light emission is due to spontaneous emission of the hot electron distribution in the electrode. We conclude with the potential of electrically controlled nanogap antennas for faster on-chip communication.
Definition, Assessment, Health Consequences and Management of Equine Obesity: A Review

Abstract Obesity is a state of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation. Obesity in horses increases the risk of developing a variety of health issues such as: insulin dysregulation (ID), reduced athleticism, colic, abnormal reproductive performance, laminitis, endotoxaemia, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipaemia, impaired thermoregulation, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, and osteochondrosis. Obesity is a significant health and welfare issue in horses that may go unreported or unnoticed due to a caregiver’s (owner) neglect. Weight gain occurs when a horse’s energy consumption exceeds his or her physical energy needs. Obesity is best assessed via necropsy or upon in vivo assessment with deuterium oxide administration, although this is not feasible in a clinical environment. In practice, obesity is assessed by: body condition scoring, cresty neck scoring, ultrasono graphic assessment, morphometric measurements, or biochemical indicators in the blood. Dietary and exercise programs are the primary means of controlling equine obesity. Pharmacologic assistance (levothyroxine sodium and metformin hydrochloride), being a secondary approach, may be effective in some cases. Management involves a long-term plan that requires the horse’s caregiver’s effort and discipline, as well as the support and supervision of their veterinarian. This paper outlines the assessment, health consequences, and management of equine obesity.
Theoretical modelling of non-equilibrium reaction–diffusion of rarefied gas on a wall with microscale roughness

Abstract Heat and mass transports through a rough surface are among the most fundamental and important phenomena in either natural or engineering problems. In this paper, theoretical modelling and direct simulation Monte Carlo method are employed to study the heterogeneous reaction–diffusion features induced by microscale roughness which is comparable to the molecular mean free path of the ambient gas. A quasi-one-dimensional homogeneous model is proposed, and it consists of an external diffusion region outside the roughness elements and an internal reaction–diffusion region which could be equivalent to a smooth surface with an effective chemical property. The external macroscopic diffusion can be characterized by a non-equilibrium criterion – the Damköhler number. The internal diffusion in micro-cavities must be analysed by considering the rarefied gas effects on the diffusivity, and another non-equilibrium criterion, the Thiele number, is introduced to evaluate the effective boundary condition imposed on the external region. Analytical formulae based on these criteria are derived to predict the equivalent surface reaction–diffusion performance, and the predictions compare well with the numerical results of different types of surface reaction, even on the three-dimensional roughness. This reveals that the roughness could either enhance or weaken the apparent reaction rate depending on the non-equilibrium degree. This study could enrich our understanding of the gas–surface interactions on a rough wall, such as the oxidation, catalysis and energy accommodation, and also preliminarily provides a practical method for evaluation of the aerothermochemical performance of coating materials of hypersonic vehicles.
Graver complexity of monomial curves in p3

The Graver complexity of a matrix A is defined in terms of higher Lawrence liftings [18]. We investigate the geometric properties of the Graver basis of matrices that define monomial curves in P3 and use it to determine an upper bound for the Graver complexity of the matrix. We apply the results of Barvinok [1] to define a rational generating function for the Graver basis of A . Bayer-Popescu-Sturmfels [2] showed that the diagonal embedding of a unimodular toric variety X has as its defining ideal a Lawrence ideal determined by elements in the Chow group CL (X). We extend this result to define the diagonal embedding in terms of higher Lawrence liftings.
Determination of the superior quality properties of randomly selected chestnut honey samples from the Sinop region

Abstract In this study, a total of 43 chestnut honey samples were randomly selected and collected from the Erfelek, Ayancık, and Türkeli districts of Sinop. The pollen content of all honey samples was determined, revealing that chestnut pollen accounted for over 90% in most cases. The chestnut honey from the Sinop region is considered of high quality compared to other chestnut honeys, primarily due to its low HMF (Hydroxymethylfurfural) levels, low moisture content, high proline content, and significant pollen content. The antibacterial activities of these honey samples were assessed using the agar well diffusion method, Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC), and Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) methods. It is worth mentioning that certain samples exhibited significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones ranging from 15 to 20 mm, which is comparable to standard antibiotics. The antioxidant activities of all honey samples were evaluated using a 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine assay. The results obtained indicate that the chestnut honey produced from the chestnut forests in the Sinop province meets the criteria outlined in the Turkish Food Codex Honey Communiqué. The high proline content exceeding 1000 mg/kg and very low hydroxymethyl furfural values below 1 mg/kg observed in certain chestnut honey samples contribute to their high quality and safety. Additionally, the average pH of 4.81 and free acidity values below 50 meq/kg recorded for the analyzed honeys further reinforce these findings.
Machine-learning-based motion tracking revealed the inverse correlation between adhesivity and surface motility of the leptospirosis spirochete

Bacterial motility is generally a critical virulence factor for pathogenic species, and thus studies on bacterial motility are significant given that they elucidate the mechanisms of infection and disease. Although fluorescent labeling has been the mainstream approach to detecting individual bacteria in a population or in host tissues, it contains problems related to protein expression stability and interference with bacterial physiology. Here, we applied machine learning to microscopic image analysis to achieve label-free motion tracking of the zoonotic bacterium Leptospira interrogans on cultured animal cells. The label-free method allowed us to measure various leptospiral strains isolated from human and animal patients, and natural reservoirs, showing that fast mobility on kidney cells tends to result in severe symptom. We also analyzed the surface locomotion of mutant strains lacking outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and revealed that the loss of OMPs reduced adherence and facilitated motility on cultured kidney cells. The behavior of clinical isolates and OMP-deficient mutants on cultured cells showed the inverse correlation between adhesion and mobility, which could affect infection outcomes. Thus, our computer vision technique eliminated the restriction on available bacterial strains and provided information that could help in understanding the mechanisms underlying motility-dependent bacterial pathogenicity.
Structural Organization of Perisomatic Inhibition in the Mouse Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Perisomatic inhibition profoundly controls neural function. However, the structural organization of inhibitory circuits giving rise to the perisomatic inhibition in the higher-order cortices is not completely known. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of those GABAergic cells in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that provide inputs onto the somata and proximal dendrites of pyramidal neurons. Our results show that most GABAergic axonal varicosities contacting the perisomatic region of superficial (layer 2/3) and deep (layer 5) pyramidal cells express parvalbumin (PV) or cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1). Further, we found that the ratio of PV/CB1 GABAergic inputs is larger on the somatic membrane surface of pyramidal tract neurons in comparison with those projecting to the contralateral hemisphere. Our morphologic analysis of in vitro labeled PV+ basket cells (PVBC) and CCK/CB1+ basket cells (CCKBC) revealed differences in many features. PVBC dendrites and axons arborized preferentially within the layer where their soma was located. In contrast, the axons of CCKBCs expanded throughout layers, although their dendrites were found preferentially either in superficial or deep layers. Finally, using anterograde trans-synaptic tracing we observed that PVBCs are preferentially innervated by thalamic and basal amygdala afferents in layers 5a and 5b, respectively. Thus, our results suggest that PVBCs can control the local circuit operation in a layer-specific manner via their characteristic arborization, whereas CCKBCs rather provide cross-layer inhibition in the mPFC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Inhibitory cells in cortical circuits are crucial for the precise control of local network activity. Nevertheless, in higher-order cortical areas that are involved in cognitive functions like decision-making, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, the structural organization of inhibitory cell circuits is not completely understood. In this study we show that perisomatic inhibitory control of excitatory cells in the medial prefrontal cortex is performed by two types of basket cells endowed with different morphologic properties that provide inhibitory inputs with distinct layer specificity on cells projecting to disparate areas. Revealing this difference in innervation strategy of the two basket cell types is a key step toward understanding how they fulfill their distinct roles in cortical network operations.
Digital-robotic markers for hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease

Hallucinations are frequent non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) associated with dementia and higher mortality. Despite their high clinical relevance, current assessments of hallucinations are based on verbal self-reports and interviews that are limited by important biases. Here, we used virtual reality (VR), robotics, and digital online technology to quantify presence hallucination (PH) in laboratory and home-based settings. We establish that elevated numerosity estimation of digital humans in VR is a digital marker for experimentally induced PH in healthy participants, as confirmed across several control conditions and analyses. We translated the digital marker (numerosity estimation) to an online procedure that 170 PD patients carried out remotely at their homes, revealing that PD patients with disease-related PH (but not control PD patients) showed higher numerosity estimation. Numerosity estimation enables quantitative monitoring of hallucinations, is an easy-to-use unobtrusive online method, reaching people far away from medical centers, translating neuroscientific findings using robotics and VR, to patients’ homes without specific equipment or trained staff.
Molecular basis of Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis 3. A proteomics study

Background and aims Progressive familiar intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3) is a severe rare liver disease which affects between 1/50,000 to 1/100,000 children. In physiological conditions, bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, then it flows to the small intestine to play its role in fat digestion. To prevent tissue damage, bile acids are kept into phospholipid micelles. Mutations in phosphatidyl choline transporter ABCB4 (MDR3) lead to intrahepatic accumulation of free bile acids that results in liver damage. PFIC3 onset occurs usually at early ages, progress rapidly and the prognosis is poor. Currently, besides the palliative use of ursodeoxycholate, the only available treatment for this disease is liver transplantation, which is really challenging for short-aged patients. Methods To gain insight into the pathogenesis of PFIC3 we have performed an integrated proteomics and phosphoproteomics study in human liver samples to then validate the emerging functional hypotheses in a PFIC3 murine model. Results We identified 6,246 protein groups, 324 proteins among them showing differential expression between control and PFIC3. The phosphoproteomic analysis allowed the identification of 5,090 phosphopeptides, from which 215 corresponding to 157 protein groups, were differentially phosphorylated in PFIC3, including MDR3. Regulation of essential cellular processes and structures, such as inflammation, metabolic reprograming, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix remodeling and cell proliferation were identified as main drivers of the disease. Conclusion Our results provide a strong molecular background that significantly contributes to a better understanding of PFIC3 and provides new concepts that might prove useful in the clinical management of patients. Lay Summary/Key Points PFIC3 is a rare disease that affect 1/50,000 to 1/100,000 children that present severe symptoms in the first years of life and have scarce therapeutic options. We identified a panel of proteins that recapitulate some of the main cellular processes associated to the progression of liver injury in PFIC3 patients and suggest alternative treatment options.
Reconstructing visual illusory experiences from human brain activity

Visual illusions provide significant insights into the brain’s interpretation of the world given sensory inputs. However, the precise manner in which brain activity translates into illusory experiences remains largely unknown. Here we leverage a brain decoding technique combined with deep neural network (DNN) representations to reconstruct illusory percepts as images from brain activity. The reconstruction model was trained on natural images to establish a link between brain activity and perceptual features and then tested on two types of illusions: illusory lines and neon color spreading. Reconstructions revealed lines and colors consistent with illusory experiences, which varied across the source visual cortical areas. This framework offers a way to materialize subjective experiences, shedding new light on the brain’s internal representations of the world.
Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity of Miniature Excitatory Postsynaptic Currents in Mouse Cortical Cultures Requires Neuronal Rab3A

Following prolonged activity blockade, amplitudes of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) increase, a form of homeostatic plasticity termed “synaptic scaling. ” We previously showed that a presynaptic protein, the small GTPase Rab3A, is required for full expression of the increase in miniature endplate current amplitudes following prolonged blockade of action potential activity at the mouse neuromuscular junction in vivo (Wang et al., 2011), but it is unknown whether this form of Rab3A-dependent homeostatic plasticity shares any characteristics with central synapses. We show here that synaptic scaling of mEPSCs is impaired in mouse cortical neuron cultures prepared from Rab3A-/- and Rab3A Earlybird mutant mice. To determine if Rab3A is involved in the well-established homeostatic increase in postsynaptic AMPA-type receptors (AMPARs), we performed a series of experiments in which electrophysiological recordings of mEPSCs and confocal imaging of synaptic AMPAR immunofluorescence were assessed within the same cultures. We found that Rab3A is required for the increase in synaptic AMPARs following prolonged activity blockade, but the comparison of mEPSC amplitude and synaptic AMPARs in the same cultures revealed that mEPSC amplitude cannot solely be determined by postsynaptic AMPAR levels. Finally, we demonstrate that Rab3A is acting in neurons because selective loss of Rab3A in astrocytes did not disrupt homeostatic plasticity, whereas selective loss in neurons strongly reduced the homeostatic increase in mEPSC amplitudes. Taken together with the results at the neuromuscular junction, we propose that Rab3A is a presynaptic homeostatic regulator that controls quantal size on both sides of the synapse.
The transcriptional regulator EarA and intergenic terminator sequences modulate archaellation in Pyrococcus furiosus

The regulation of archaellation, the formation of archaeal flagella-like appendages called archaella, is crucial for the motility, adhesion, and survival of archaeal organisms. Although the heavily archaellated and highly motile Pyrococcus furiosus is a key model organism for understanding the production and function of archaella in Euryarchaea, the transcriptional regulation of archaellum assembly is so far unknown. Here we show that the transcription factor EarA is the master regulator of the archaellum (arl) operon transcription, which is further modulated by intergenic transcription termination signals. EarA deletion or overexpression strains demonstrate that EarA is essential for archaellation in P. furiosus and governs the degree of archaellation. Providing a single-molecule update on the transcriptional landscape of the arl operon in P. furiosus, we identify sequence motifs for EarA binding upstream of the arl operon and intergenic terminator sequences as critical elements for fine-tuning the expression of the multicistronic arl cluster. Furthermore, transcriptome re-analysis across different Thermococcales species demonstrated a heterogeneous production of major archaellins, suggesting a more diverse composition of archaella than previously recognized. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of archaellation and highlights the essential role of EarA in Pyrococcus furiosus. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms governing archaellation and have implications for the functional diversity of archaella.