Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observation of a Smooth Polaron-Molecule Transition in a Degenerate Fermi Gas

Understanding the behavior of an impurity strongly interacting with a Fermi sea is a long-standing challenge in many-body physics. When the interactions are short-ranged, two vastly different ground states exist: a polaron quasiparticle and a molecule dressed by the majority atoms. In the single-impurity limit, it is predicted that at a critical interaction strength, a first-order transition occurs between these two states. Experiments, however, are always conducted in the finite temperature and impurity density regime. The fate of the polaron-to-molecule transition under these conditions, where the statistics of quantum impurities and thermal effects become relevant, is still unknown. Here, we address this question experimentally and theoretically. Our experiments are performed with a spin-imbalanced ultracold Fermi gas with tunable interactions. Utilizing a novel Raman spectroscopy combined with a high-sensitivity fluorescence detection technique, we isolate the quasiparticle contribution and extract the polaron energy, spectral weight, and the contact parameter. As the interaction strength is increased, we observe a continuous variation of all observables, in particular a smooth reduction of the quasiparticle weight as it goes to zero beyond the transition point. Our observation is in good agreement with a theoretical model where polaron and molecule quasiparticle states are thermally occupied according to their quantum statistics. At the experimental conditions, polaron states are hence populated even at interactions where the molecule is the ground state and vice versa. The emerging physical picture is thus that of a smooth transition between polarons and molecules and a coexistence of both in the region around the expected transition.
Limit theorems for a stable sausage

In this paper, we study fluctuations of the volume of a stable sausage defined via a [Formula: see text]-dimensional rotationally invariant [Formula: see text]-stable process. As the main results, we establish a functional central limit theorem (in the case when [Formula: see text]) with a standard one-dimensional Brownian motion in the limit, and Khintchine’s and Chung’s laws of the iterated logarithm (in the case when [Formula: see text]).
Heat flow regularity, Bismut's derivative formula, and pathwise Brownian couplings on Riemannian manifolds with Dynkin bounded Ricci curvature

We prove that if the Ricci curvature of a geodesically complete Riemannian manifold $X$, endowed with the Riemannian distance $\rho$ and the Riemannian volume measure $\mathfrak{m}$, is bounded from below by a Dynkin decomposable function $k\colon X\to\mathbb{R}$, then $X$ is stochastically complete. This assumption on $k$ is satisfied if its negative part $k^-$ belongs to the Kato class of $X$. In addition, given $f\in L^p(X)$ for sufficiently large $p$ in a range depending only on $k^-$, we derive a global Bismut derivative formula for $\nabla \mathsf{P}_tf$ for every $t>0$ along the heat flow $(\mathsf{P}_t)_{t\geq 0}$, whose $L^\infty$-$\mathrm{Lip}$-regularization we obtain as a corollary. Moreover, for such functions $k$, we show that the Ricci curvature of $X$ is bounded from below by $k$ if and only if $X$ supports the $L^1$-gradient estimate w.r. t. $k$, i.e. for every $f\in W^{1,2}(X)$ and $t\geq 0$, $$ \vert \nabla \mathsf{P}_t f\vert\leq \mathsf{P}_t^k\vert\nabla f\vert $$ holds $\mathfrak{m}$-a.e. , $(\mathsf{P}_t^k)_{t\geq 0}$ being the Schrodinger semigroup in $L^2(X)$ generated by $-(\Delta-k)/2$. If $k$ is additionally lower semicontinuous, another equivalent characterization of lower Ricci bounds by $k$ is proven to be the existence, given any $x,y\in X$, of a Markovian coupling $(\mathsf{b}^x,\mathsf{b}^y)$ of Brownian motions on $M$ starting in $(x,y)$ such that a.s. for every $s,t\in [0,\infty)$ with $s\leq t$, one has the pathwise estimate $$ \rho\big(\mathsf{b}_t^x,\mathsf{b}_t^y\big) \leq \mathrm{e}^{-\int_s^t \underline{k}\left(\mathsf{b}_r^x,\mathsf{b}_r^y\right)/2\,\mathrm{d} r}\rho\big(\mathsf{b}_s^x,\mathsf{b}_s^y\big) $$ involving the ''average'' $\underline{k}(u,v) := \inf_\gamma \int_0^1 k(\gamma_r)\,\mathrm{d} r$ of the function $k$ along all minimizing geodesics $\gamma\colon [0,1]\to X$ from $u$ to $v$.
Candidate LBV stars in galaxy NGC 7793 found via HST photometry + MUSE spectroscopy

Only about 19 Galactic and 25 extragalactic bonafide luminous blue variables (LBVs) are known to date. This incomplete census prevents our understanding of this crucial phase of massive star evolution which leads to the formation of heavy binary black holes via the classical channel. With large samples of LBVs one could better determine the duration and maximum stellar luminosity which characterize this phase. We search for candidate LBVs (cLBVs) in a new galaxy, NGC 7793. For this purpose, we combine high spatial resolution images from two Hubble Space Telescope (HST) programs with optical spectroscopy from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE). By combining PSF-fitting photometry measured on F547M, F657N, and F814W images, with restrictions on point-like appearance (at HST resolution) and H α luminosity, we find 100 potential cLBVs, 36 of which fall in the MUSE fields. Five of the latter 36 sources are promising cLBVs which have MV ≤ −7 and a combination of: H α with a P-Cygni profile; no [O i]$\, \lambda 6300$ emission; weak or no [O iii]$\, \lambda 5007$ emission; large [N ii]/H α relative to H ii regions; and [S ii]$\, \lambda 6716$/[S ii]$\, \lambda 6731\sim 1$. It is not clear if these five cLBVs are isolated from O-type stars, which would favour the binary formation scenario of LBVs. Our study, which approximately covers one fourth of the optical disc of NGC 7793, demonstrates how by combining the above HST surveys with multi-object spectroscopy from 8-m class telescopes, one can efficiently find large samples of cLBVs in nearby galaxies.
A survey of subspace recycling iterative methods

This survey concerns subspace recycling methods, a popular class of iterative methods that enable effective reuse of subspace information in order to speed up convergence and find good initial vectors over a sequence of linear systems with slowly changing coefficient matrices, multiple right‐hand sides, or both. The subspace information that is recycled is usually generated during the run of an iterative method (usually a Krylov subspace method) on one or more of the systems. Following introduction of definitions and notation, we examine the history of early augmentation schemes along with deflation preconditioning schemes and their influence on the development of recycling methods. We then discuss a general residual constraint framework through which many augmented Krylov and recycling methods can both be viewed. We review several augmented and recycling methods within this framework. We then discuss some known effective strategies for choosing subspaces to recycle before taking the reader through more recent developments that have generalized recycling for (sequences of) shifted linear systems, some of them with multiple right‐hand sides in mind. We round out our survey with a brief review of application areas that have seen benefit from subspace recycling methods.
Actor-Based Model Checking for SDN Networks

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a networking paradigm that has become increasingly popular in the last decade. The unprecedented control over the global behavior of the network it provides opens a range of new opportunities for formal methods and much work has appeared in the last few years on providing bridges between SDN and verification. This article advances this research line and provides a link between SDN and traditional work on formal methods for verification of concurrent and distributed software---actor-based modelling. We show how SDN programs can be seamlessly modelled using \emph{actors}, and thus existing advanced model checking techniques developed for actors can be directly applied to verify a range of properties of SDN networks, including consistency of flow tables, violation of safety policies, and forwarding loops. Our model checker for SDN networks is available through an online web interface, that also provides the SDN actor-models for a number of well-known SDN benchmarks.
MGCN

We propose a novel framework for computing descriptors for characterizing points on three-dimensional surfaces. First, we present a new non-learned feature that uses graph wavelets to decompose the Dirichlet energy on a surface. We call this new feature Wavelet Energy Decomposition Signature (WEDS). Second, we propose a new Multiscale Graph Convolutional Network (MGCN) to transform a non-learned feature to a more discriminative descriptor. Our results show that the new descriptor WEDS is more discriminative than the current state-of-the-art non-learned descriptors and that the combination of WEDS and MGCN is better than the state-of-the-art learned descriptors. An important design criterion for our descriptor is the robustness to different surface discretizations including triangulations with varying numbers of vertices. Our results demonstrate that previous graph convolutional networks significantly overfit to a particular resolution or even a particular triangulation, but MGCN generalizes well to different surface discretizations. In addition, MGCN is compatible with previous descriptors and it can also be used to improve the performance of other descriptors, such as the heat kernel signature, the wave kernel signature, or the local point signature.
On the dimensional indeterminacy of one-wave factor analysis under causal effects

Abstract It is shown, with two sets of indicators that separately load on two distinct factors, independent of one another conditional on the past, that if it is the case that at least one of the factors causally affects the other, then, in many settings, the process will converge to a factor model in which a single factor will suffice to capture the covariance structure among the indicators. Factor analysis with one wave of data then cannot distinguish between factor models with a single factor vs those with two factors that are causally related. Therefore, unless causal relations between factors can be ruled out a priori, alleged empirical evidence from one-wave factor analysis for a single factor still leaves open the possibilities of a single factor or of two factors that causally affect one another. The implications for interpreting the factor structure of psychological scales, such as self-report scales for anxiety and depression, or for happiness and purpose, are discussed. The results are further illustrated through simulations to gain insight into the practical implications of the results in more realistic settings prior to the convergence of the processes. Some further generalizations to an arbitrary number of underlying factors are noted. Factor analyses with one wave of data should themselves be interpreted as characterizing associations among indicators that may be present either due to conceptual relations or due to causal relations concerning the underlying construct phenomena.
Bions and Instantons in Triple-Well and Multi-Well Potentials

Quantum systems with multiple degenerate classical harmonic minima exhibit new non-perturbative phenomena which are not present for the double-well and periodic potentials. The simplest characteristic example of this family is the triple-well potential. Despite the fact that instantons are exact semiclassical solutions with finite and minimal action, they do not contribute to the energy spectrum at leading order in the semiclassical analysis. This is because the instanton fluctuation prefactor vanishes, which can be interpreted as the action becoming infinite quantum mechanically. Instead, the non-perturbative physics is governed by different types of {\it bion} configurations. A generalization to supersymmetric and quasi-exactly soluble models is also discussed. An interesting pattern of interference between topological and neutral bions, depending on the hidden topological angle, the discrete theta angle and the perturbative level number, leads to an intricate pattern of divergent/convergent expansions for low lying states, and provides criteria for the exact solvability of some of the states. We confirm these semiclassical bion predictions using the Bender-Wu Mathematica package to study the structure of the associated perturbative expansions. It also turns out that all the systems we study have a curious exact one-to-one relationship between the perturbative coefficients of the three wells, which we check using the BenderWu package.
Coupled flow and deformation fields due to a line load on a poroelastic half space: effect of surface stress and surface bending

In the past decade, many experiments have indicated that the surfaces of soft elastic solids can resist deformation by surface stresses. A common soft elastic solid is a hydrogel which consists of a polymer network swollen in water. Although experiments suggest that solvent flow in gels can be affected by surface stress, there is no theoretical analysis on this subject. Here we study the solvent flow near a line load acting on a linear poroelastic half space. The surface of this half space resists deformation by a constant, isotropic surface stress. It can also resist deformation by surface bending. The time-dependent displacement, stress and flow fields are determined using transform methods. Our solution indicates that the stress field underneath the line load is completely regularized by surface bending—it is bounded and continuous. For small surface bending stiffness, the line force is balanced by surface stresses; these forces form what is commonly known as ‘Neumann's triangle’. We show that surface stress reduces local pore pressure and inhibits solvent flow. We use our line load solution to simulate the relaxation of the peak which is formed by applying and then removing a line force on the poroelastic half space.
Transmural Extent in Relation to Clinical Scoring in Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients: Speckle-Tracking Echocardiographic Study

Background: To assess the extent of transmurality in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients using speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in relation to their risk categorization to improve the risk stratification of NSTEMI patients through detecting the presence of transmural infarction. Patients and Methods: It included 96 patients with NSTEMI. All patients were subjected to GRACE score (GS) calculation, transthoracic and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE): To detect left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial global longitudinal strain [GLS]and circumferential strain [CS]. Results: As compared to low-GS group; high-risk group was older with the increased prevalence of hypertension (HTN), diabetes, and smoking. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding LS and CS of all 17 segments except for apex where longitudinal strain (LS) was significantly decreased in low-risk group (−17.2 ± 1.1) as compared to high-risk group (−18.6 ± 1.4). GLS was significantly decreased in high-risk group (15.4 ± 0.6) as compared to low-risk group (16 ± 0.8), P = 0.02 with no significant difference in the global CS (P = 0.8). Transmural infarction constitutes 37.5% of all patients. The prevalence of transmural infarction was increased in the low-risk group without significant difference. GS showed a positive correlation with age, male, HTN, diabetes, and smoking and negative correlation with GLS. There was no significant correlation between GS and global CS. Age, GS, and LS were significantly related to transmural infarction. None was found to predict the occurrence of transmural infarction. Conclusion: Transmural extent as detected by STE had been found in a relatively substantial number of patients with NSTEMI, and it may serve as a tool in conjunction with risk stratification scores for the selection of high-risk patients.
The effect of low-dose granisetron on shivering in subarachnoid block

Background: Shivering has many negative effects on the postanesthesia patient. Shivering is regulated by serotonin. The serotonin antagonists such as ondansetron and granisetron are widely used to prevent nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron is used in regional and general anesthesia, while granisetron is widely used in chemotherapy. This study aimed to determine the effect of low-dose granisetron on the incidence of shivering in postspinal anesthesia. Patients and Methods: The study conducted at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia. Twenty-three patients divided into two groups: Group C (control) received no premedication and Group G (granisetron) received low-dose granisetron 10 μg/kg. The shivering grade and shivering intensity were recorded every 5 min in the first 1-h postanesthesia. The data were analyzed using t-test, regression test, and effective contribution test. Results: The shivering incidence in Group K was 71.9% and Group G was 9.4% (P = 0.018). The control group experienced shivering Grade I, II, III, and IV. Granisetron group only experienced shivering Grade I and II. Conclusion: The administration of low-dose granisetron before the spinal anesthesia significantly reduced the incidence of shivering in adult patients with no side effects.
Oral health screening of residents of bhagwanpur rural municipality, Siraha, Nepal

Context: Dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis are very common oral health problems of Nepalese population, and the severity is more among underprivileged population groups. Aims: This study aimed at screening for oral hygiene status, oral mucosal condition, gingival condition, dental caries, tobacco use, and socioeconomic status of residents of Bhagwanpur Rural Municipality, Siraha, Nepal. Settings and Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of Bhagwanpur Rural Municipality. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted among randomly selected 285 people aged 5–85 years from 142 households of Bhagwanpur Rural Municipality, Siraha, Nepal. The Modified Kuppuswamy Scale was used for assessing socioeconomic status. Oral examination was performed using mouth mirror and the World Health Organization (WHO) probe as mentioned in the WHO Oral Health Survey Methods 1997. Oral hygiene status, oral mucosal conditions, gingival status, dentition status, and treatment needs were recorded. Tobacco prevalence was assessed through structured questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: Frequency distribution, mean, standard deviations, prevalence of dental caries, and tobacco use were calculated. Results: Majority (166, 58.2%) were male. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and decayed and filled teeth (dft) were found to be 2.00 ± 4 and 0.60 ± 1, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent and primary dentition was 41.5% and 37.6%, respectively. Oral health status was poor. All the participants had inflamed gingiva. The tobacco prevalence was 95 (33.33%). Majority of people (253, 88.8%) belonged to low-socioeconomic status. Conclusions: The study showed poor oral hygiene, low dft/DMFT, lower prevalence of dental caries, and high tobacco use prevalence, and a higher number of people belonged to low-socioeconomic status.
Role of Smoking in the Evolution of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Laboratory Findings of Acute Myocarditis

Purpose: The purpose is to investigate cardiac magnetic resonance and laboratory findings in patients with clinically suspected acute myocarditis and re-assess the evolution of findings in relation to clinical parameters and smoking habits. Methods: We prospectively analyzed 68 consecutive patients (4 females, 64 males, median age 25 years) at baseline and 51 patients 12 months later with regard to age, symptoms, and signs, smoking history, cardiac troponin I, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, c-reactive protein blood levels, electrocardiography changes, and cardiac magnetic resonance findings. Statistical analysis included group comparisons and linear regression between clinical parameters and the obtained data. Results: A statistically significant correlation was recorded between smoking and late gadolinium enhancement extent, both at baseline and follow-up study. Late gadolinium enhancement extent was positively associated with cardiac troponin I serum levels and c-reactive protein and negatively with left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline study. Myocardial segments 4 and 5 were most frequently involved. Late gadolinium enhancement persisted in 96% of patients with no significant extent change at 12-month follow-up, while improved. Conclusions: A strong correlation was recorded between smoking patients with acute myocarditis and extent both at baseline and follow-up cardiac magnetic resonance. Myocardial segments 4 and 5 involvement was most prevalent. Late gadolinium enhancement persisted at follow-up, its incidence was higher than that reported in other studies and did not have an impact on the patient's clinical status or cardiac function. However, longer-term follow-up is highly recommended in these patients.
Evaluation of knowledge of the United Arab Emirates population on measles and its control, following a nationwide campaign

Abstract Introduction: In 2015, a nationwide campaign to eradicate measles was launched by the health authorities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to assess the UAE society’s knowledge of measles and its control following this campaign. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among UAE residents above the age of 18 years from March to May 2017. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was distributed, and a convenience sampling method was used. The data collected were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 22 software. Results: A total of 391 questionnaires were completed from the overall 410 distributed. Most of the population have heard of measles (94.6%). However, only 23.5% claimed they have high knowledge of the disease. Information on measles was mainly acquired from family and friends (50.3%). Individuals with higher educational status were more knowledgeable about several aspects of the disease. Married individuals and those with children were more likely to identify the symptoms and associated conditions of the disease correctly. However, married participants had more misconception about the relationship between autism and the measles vaccine. No significant differences were found between the different age groups, genders, or nationalities. Conclusion: Despite the nationwide campaign to eradicate measles, based on the results of our study, the majority of the UAE population did not have knowledge about the measles disease and its preventive measures. It is important that public health authorities and public health organizations seek to address these issues.
Facial psychophysiology in forensic investigation: A novel idea for deception detection

Background: Polygraph or lie detection test has been used since early 90s as an effective method in forensic investigations. However, polygraph does not have a stand-alone value in legal forums. Any novel scientific addition can strengthen the credibility of the polygraph. Aim: This study aims to determine whether the deception could be detected with the help of polygraph where electromyography (EMG) readings of the masseter muscle, along with electrocardiography and galvanic skin response, were considered. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 14 participants in a well-established research setup. Card Test and Affirmative Test were performed on participants and the readings were critically analyzed. Results: In both the tests performed, the deceptions were easily detected once and rarely detected twice. In some cases, the deceptions were undetected. Conclusion: The result indicated with minimal credence that EMG helps in detecting deception. The accuracy of detection however can be confirmed only after an extensive research.