Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Prompt Segmentation between Infected Cucumber Leaves and Healthy Cucumber Leaves

Plant diseased leaf image segmentation plays an important role in the plant disease detection through leaf symptoms, and early separation of infected and healthy plant leaves from each other can prevent horticulture loss. To achieve this goal, Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) for prompt segmentation between infected cucumber leaves and healthy cucumber leaves was proposed and applied. A whole color cucumber leaf image is inputted into the convolutional neural network of the Mask R-CNN model, thereafter, the extracted features in their map are passed to the region proposal network for region proposals, the proposed regions of interest in their unaligned form are aligned before passing them to the fully connected layers in a fixed size feature map for the following actions: (1) bounding boxing, classification, and masking. The experimental results obtained in this work are on a par with the results obtained in literature, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method and high practical value for plant growth monitoring.
A Monthly Index for the Large‐Scale Sea Surface Temperature Gradient Across the Separated Gulf Stream

The strong sea‐surface temperature (SST) gradient associated with the Gulf Stream (GS) is widely acknowledged to play an important role in shaping mid‐latitude weather and climate. Despite this, an index for the GS SST gradient has not yet been standardized in the literature. This paper introduces a monthly index for the large‐scale SST gradient across the separated GS based on the time‐varying GS position detected from sea‐surface height. Analysis suggests that the variations in the monthly average SST gradient throughout the year result primarily from SST variability to the north of the GS, with little contribution from SST to the south. The index exhibits a weak periodicity at ∼2 years. Sea level pressure and turbulent heat flux patterns suggest that variability in the large‐scale SST gradient is related to atmospheric (rather than oceanic) forcing. Ocean‐to‐atmosphere feedback does not persist throughout the year, but there is some evidence of wintertime feedback.
Single molecule fluorescence in inhomogeneous environments

A single molecule in an inhomogeneous environment is studied theoretically using phenomenological theory. The molecule is located on a planar glass substrate and a finite sized, three dimensional object is scanned over the molecule at different heights. Lifetime and quantum yield are calculated as a function of the lateral position of the object. The analysis is based on a new field expansion method using Green’s functions of a layered reference system as basis functions. It is found that, near the edges of the object, the molecular lifetime is highly sensitive to the orientation of the transition dipole.
A single-shot ChAd3-MARV vaccine confers rapid and durable protection against Marburg virus in nonhuman primates

Marburg virus (MARV) causes a severe hemorrhagic fever disease in primates with mortality rates in humans of up to 90%. MARV has been identified as a category A bioterrorism agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and priority pathogen A by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), needing urgent research and development of countermeasures because of the high public health risk it poses. The recent cases of MARV in West Africa underscore the substantial outbreak potential of this virus. The potential for cross-border spread, as had occurred during the 2014–2016 Ebola virus outbreak, illustrates the critical need for MARV vaccines. To support regulatory approval of the chimpanzee adenovirus 3 (ChAd3)–MARV vaccine that has completed phase 1 trials, we showed that the nonreplicating ChAd3 vector, which has a demonstrated safety profile in humans, protected against a uniformly lethal challenge with MARV/Ang. Protective immunity was achieved within 7 days of vaccination and was maintained through 1 year after vaccination. Antigen-specific antibodies were an immune correlate of protection in the acute challenge model, and their concentration was predictive of protection. These results demonstrate that a single-shot ChAd3-MARV vaccine generated a protective immune response that was both rapid and durable with an immune correlate of protection that will support advanced clinical development. Description A single-shot of non-replicating ChAd3-MARV vaccine demonstrated both rapid and durable protection against lethal Marburg virus infection in macaques. Fighting filoviruses Fighting filovirusesMarburg Virus (MARV) outbreaks remain a major global health concern, and an effective vaccine is urgently needed. Here, Hunegnaw et al. report that a single-shot chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine expressing the MARV glycoprotein, ChAd3-MARV, confers protection in non-human primates. Animals were protected as soon as one week after vaccination and protection lasted up to a year after vaccination, with antigen-specific antibodies serving as a predictor of protection. Together, these results support clinical use of ChAd3-MARV. -CM
Jet-induced star formation in Seyfert galaxies unveiled through radio-UV correlations

During the course of MERLIN L‐band observations of the compact galaxy group, Stephan’s Quintet, we found that the Seyfert 2 galaxy, NGC 7319, the brightest member of the compact group, has a triple radio structure typical of many extra‐galactic radio sources which have a flat spectrum core and two steep spectrum lobes with hot spots. The two lobes are asymmetrically distributed on opposite sides of the core along the minor axis of the galaxy. Ultraviolet emission revealed in a high resolution HRC/ACS HST image is strongly aligned with the radio plasma and we interpret the intense star formation in the core and north lobe as an event induced by the collision of the north radio jet with over‐dense ambient material. In addition, a re‐mapping of archive VLA L‐band observations reveals more extended emission along the major axis of the galaxy which is aligned with the optical axis. Images formed from the combined MERLIN and archive VLA data reveal more detailed structure of the two lobes and hot spots. NGC 731.
Portuguese Version of the Ageing Attitudes Questionnaire (AAQ): Validation of the Psychometric Properties

The Ageing Attitudes Questionnaire—AAQ was validated for the Portuguese population to understand the importance of attitudes towards old age and their impact on the subjective well-being of older adults. A sample of 400 subjects (from 18 to 93 years) answered a socio-demographic questionnaire, and the AAQ, composed of three subscales (psychosocial losses, physical change, and psychological growth). The CFA confirmed the tri-factorial structure with very good adjustment of the model to the data, with the Cronbach alpha of the total scale scoring 0.84 and ranging from 0.65 to 0.77 for each factor. A total of nine items were omitted for poor factor loadings (<0.50), namely in factor 1 items 9-17-20, in factor 2 items 7 and 24 and, finally, in factor 3 we omitted items 4-18-19-21. Notwithstanding, three items below the criteria were maintained, as they conceptually fit into the factor. Of the final 15 AAQ items, 5 belong to the Psychosocial Loss Factor, 6 to Physical Change Factor, and 4 to Psychosocial Growth Factor. This tree factor model explained 50.1% of the total variance. In conclusion, this study supports that AAQ has acceptable validity, confirming the composite reliability and the discriminant validity, but not the convergent validity. Through multi-group analysis, the invariance of the scale was confirmed. This validation is of pivotal importance once it allows measuring attitudes towards ageing in the Portuguese population, thus facilitating the prevention of ageism and the promotion of well-being across the lifespan.
The Impact of Different Cultivation Practices on Surface Runoff, Soil and Nutrient Losses in a Rotational System of Legume–Cereal and Sunflower

Soil erosion is among the biggest problems in the agricultural sector that can affect ecosystems and human societies. A field of 5° slope was selected to study the runoff, soil and nutrient loss as well as crop productivity in different treatments—conventional tillage (CT) vs. no-tillage (NT), plant vs. no plant cover, contour cultivation (CC) vs. perpendicular to the contour cultivation, (PC) under natural rainfall. The experiment was conducted in central Greece in two cultivation periods. In autumn, the field was cultivated with intercropping Triticosecale and Pisum sativum and in spring with sunflower. The total rainfall was 141.4 mm in the 1st year and 311 mm in the 2nd. We found that runoff in the treatment of no tillage with contour cultivation was 85% lower in both years compared to the no tillage-no plant control. Therefore, the contour cultivation-no tillage treatment had a positive effect by decreasing phosphorus and potassium loss from soil: indeed, there was a decrease in P and K by 55% and 62%, respectively, in the NT compared to the CC treatments. We conclude that the NT-CC treatment with plant cover was the most effective in reducing water runoff and soil nutrient loss and increasing yield.
Lidar Observations of Aircraft Exhaust Plumes

Abstract A series of field campaigns has been made at British airports using a rapid-scanning lidar and other instrumentation in order to measure the dispersion of exhaust plumes from commercial aircraft. The lidar operated at a wavelength of 355 nm and was thus effectively eye safe. Analysis software for the lidar signals has been elaborated to enable the rather weak signals (typically a few tens of percent of ambient backscatter) from aircraft exhaust to be distinguished and to facilitate automatic processing of the measurements obtained. Such processing can deliver images, animations, and numerical parameterizations of the dispersing plumes. Overall, 1353 air traffic movements were monitored over two campaigns at Manchester and 439 in a single campaign at Heathrow. All modes were observed: taxiing, takeoff, rotation, climb-out, approach, and landing. Of these, the most complete dataset was that obtained for the start of the takeoff run: in this mode, the source is on full power but is still moving rela.
Supervised physical activity and the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) characterized by dysfunction in maintaining glucose homeostasis is recognized as the most common metabolic complication associated with pregnancy leading to adverse clinical outcomes for maternal and fetal health. Although previous analysis of the findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) support that regular physical activity reduces the incidence of GDM during pregnancy, less is known about the optimal timing of intervention with respect to trimester stage. Objectives To examine the interaction between both the timing and volume of supervised physical activity interventions on reducing the incidence of GDM during pregnancy. Study design Electronic databases including CINAHL, Embase, Medline and the Cochrane library were searched for records up to 29 September 2022. Eligibility criteria were RCTs including standard antenatal care + supervised physical activity intervention without dietary modification vs. those receiving standard antenatal care alone in women with no previous diagnosis of GDM, type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results Of the 3411 records identified, 20 RCTs comprising 6732 participants were included. It was found that supervised physical activity interventions decreased GDM risk when started within the first trimester (RR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.41–0.79; p = .001) and by accumulating >600 MET·min·wk−1 of exercise (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60–0.98; p = .03) compared with standard antenatal care alone. Women with a BMI ≤25 kg/m2 experienced the greatest risk reduction in GDM following supervised exercise training (RR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.34–0.75; p = .001). Conclusion Supervised physical activity reduces the incidence of GDM during pregnancy. It is recommended that pregnant individuals achieve a minimum of 600 MET·min·wk−1 of physical activity during the first trimester in order to reduce their odds of developing GDM. Attaining a healthy pre-pregnancy BMI is also an important determinant for the prevention of GDM with exercise.
L2-Decay Rates for Weak Solutions of a Perturbed Navier-Stokes System in R3

Abstract We study global weak solutions u (with generalized energy inequality) of the Cauchy problem for the Navier-Stokes-type system ut−Δu+ v (0) ·∇u+u·∇ v (0) +u·∇u+∇π=0, div u=0. Here v (0) is a bounded smooth solenoidal vector field in R3 with v (0) →v∞ as |x|→∞, v∞∈R3 is a constant vector. We assume v (0) −v∞∈Lp(R3) for some p∈[2, 3) and that the energetic Reynolds number of v (0) is small. In this case we derive explicit decay rates for the kinetic energy of u.
Adsorption of cobalt (II) octaethylporphyrin and 2H-octaethylporphyrin on Ag(111): new insight into the surface coordinative bond

The adsorption of cobalt (II) octaethylporphyrin (CoOEP) and 2H-octaethylporphyrin (2HOEP) on Ag(111) was investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/UPS), in order to achieve a detailed mechanistic understanding of the surface chemical bond of coordinated metal ions. Previous studies of related systems, especially cobalt (II) tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP) on Ag(111), have revealed adsorption-induced changes of the oxidation state of the Co ion and the appearance of a new valence state. These effects were attributed to a covalent interaction of the Co ion with the silver substrate. However, recent studies show that the porphyrin ligand of adsorbed CoTPP undergoes a pronounced saddle-shape distortion, which could alter the electronic structure and thus provide an alternative explanation for the new valence state previously attributed to the formation of a surface coordinative bond. With the octaethylporphyrins investigated here, which were found to adsorb in a flat, undistorted conformation on Ag(111), the effects of geometric distortion can be separated from those of the electronic interaction with the substrate. The CoOEP monolayer gives rise to an adsorption-induced shift of the Co 2p signal (−1.9 eV relative to the multilayer), a new valence state at 0.6 eV below the Fermi energy, and a work-function shift of −0.84 eV (2HOEP: −0.44 eV) relative to the clean surface. Comparison with data for the distorted CoTPP confirms the existence of a covalent ion–surface interaction that is insensitive to the conformation of the ligand.
The Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Post-bariatric Surgery Patients at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh

Background Obesity negatively impacts mental and physical health and is a leading cause of disease worldwide. Obesity affects 33% of Saudi adults, with 10% being morbidly obese (body mass index, BMI >40 kg/m2). This study explored the association between bariatric surgery (BS) and a predisposition or exacerbation of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Material and methods A cross-sectional study of patients who underwent bariatric surgery at the King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, was conducted between February 2016 and December 2021. The patients were contacted by phone to complete a self-administered questionnaire on demographic information, chronic medical diseases, psychiatric diseases, body mass index, and type of bariatric surgery. In addition, they completed the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire to screen for patients’ depression and anxiety symptoms. Results The findings of the 367 BS patients showed that 20.7% of the patients were considered to have mild anxiety, 11.2% had moderate anxiety, and 8.7% had high anxiety levels. However, regarding depression, 46.9% had extremely low levels of depression, followed by mild depression in 29.4% and moderate depression in 11.2%. Furthermore, another 8.2% of BS patients had moderately high depression levels, and 4.4% had severe depression. The anxiety and depression levels of the patients in this study did not show any statistically significant changes postoperatively in the short, medium, or long term. On the other hand, almost all of the patients 97% who underwent bariatric surgery were satisfied with the outcome of their surgery. Conclusion Few BS patients had high symptoms of depression and anxiety. We recommend pre- and postoperative psychiatric assessment for all bariatric surgery patients as surgical protocol.
Nonlinear mapping: An alternative to multidimensional scaling for product positioning

This study tests and contrasts the ability of multidimensional scaling (MDS) and nonlinear mapping (NLM) in recovering complex data structures in attribute space, and aiding researchers and practitioners in making neighborhood interpretations. The relative merits of both MDS and NLM for product positioning are explored and discussed. A formal comparison of the performance of NLM versus MDS is presented using both simulated and actual data. The results of this study provide direction as to the conditions under which a nonlinear mapping algorithm is preferable over MDS.
Improving fruit size and quality of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cv. Pineapple through auxin sprays

A field study was undertaken to investigate the effect of auxin sprays on fruit size and quality of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) cv. Pineapple during the year 2015â€“16 at the experimental orchard of the University. Exogenous application of 2,4-D @ 20 ppm and NAA @ 50 ppm at the end of April and July increased the percentage of medium size fruits, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and fruit physical quality with respect to peel thickness and peel content. However, chemical quality in terms of TSS, acidity and ascorbic acid was not affected by any treatment and spray schedule. The foliar application of 2,4-D 20 ppm at the end of April and July gave highest additional income over control.
MONTE-CARLO RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL OF THE DIFFUSE GALACTIC LIGHT

Monte-Carlo radiative models of the diffuse Galactic light (DGL) in our Galaxy are calcu-lated using the dust radiative transfer code MoCafe, which is three-dimensional and takes full account of multiple scattering. The code is recently updated to use a fast voxel traversal algorithm, which has dramatically increased the computing speed. The radiative transfer models are calculated with the gen-erally accepted dust scale-height of 0.1 kpc. The stellar scale-heights are assumed to be 0.1 or 0.35 kpc, appropriate for far-ultraviolet (FUV) and optical wavelengths, respectively. The face-on optical depth, measured perpendicular to the Galactic plane, is also varied from 0.2 to 0.6, suitable to the optical to FUV wavelengths, respectively. We find that the DGL at high Galactic latitudes is mostly due to backward or large-angle scattering of starlight originating from the local stars within a radial distance of r < 0.5 kpc from the Earth. On the other hand, the DGL measured in the Galactic plane is mostly due to stars at a distance range that corresponds to an optical depth of ? 1 measured from the Earth. Therefore, the low-latitude DGL at the FUV wavelength band would be mostly caused by the stars located at a distance of r . 0.5 kpc and the optical DGL near the Galactic plane mainly originates from stars within a distance range of 1 . r . 2 kpc. We also calculate the radiative transfer models in a clumpy two-phase medium. The clumpy two-phase models provide lower intensities at high Galactic latitudes compared to the uniform density models, because of the lower effective optical depth in clumpy media. However, no significant difference in the intensity at the Galactic plane is found.
Optimum ArFi laser bandwidth for 10nm node logic imaging performance

Lithography process window (PW) and CD uniformity (CDU) requirements are being challenged with scaling across all device types. Aggressive PW and yield specifications put tight requirements on scanner performance, especially on focus budgets resulting in complicated systems for focus control. In this study, an imec N10 Logic-type test vehicle was used to investigate the E95 bandwidth impact on six different Metal 1 Logic features. The imaging metrics that track the impact of light source E95 bandwidth on performance of hot spots are: process window (PW), line width roughness (LWR), and local critical dimension uniformity (LCDU). In the first section of this study, the impact of increasing E95 bandwidth was investigated to observe the lithographic process control response of the specified logic features. In the second section, a preliminary assessment of the impact of lower E95 bandwidth was performed. The impact of lower E95 bandwidth on local intensity variability was monitored through the CDU of line end features and the LWR power spectral density (PSD) of line/space patterns. The investigation found that the imec N10 test vehicle (with OPC optimized for standard E95 bandwidth of300fm) features exposed at 200fm showed pattern specific responses, suggesting areas of potential interest for further investigation.
Thin-film sensing with planar asymmetric metamaterial resonators

We propose rectangular asymmetric double split resonators with field confining tips for use as thin-film sensors. In contrast to frequency selective surfaces, which consist of two-dimensional, periodic resonator arrays, only a single unit cell placed inside a rectangular waveguide is sufficient for sensing. Compared to circular structures, the rectangular design offers a miniaturization. Furthermore, the tips at the end of the resonator arms concentrate the field components into a small area, increasing the volumetric sensitivity of the device.
Continuous model for the shear modulus as a function of pressure and temperature up to the melting point: Analysis and ultrasonic validation

The aim of the present study is to propose a predictive model for the shear modulus versus pressure and temperature G(P,T) to complete the principal known elasto-plastic models implemented in hydrodynamic computer codes. The relevance of the proposed G(P,T) model is discussed in detail. The generic approach is to model G(T) by considering Lindemann theory at the melting point. This article focuses on analysis of the mechanical elastic behavior of a solid to confirm that the melting point and the shear component attenuation are closely connected. The drastic fall of G(T) at the melting point is discussed and compared to experimental data mainly derived from ultrasonics. The original part of this work is the experimental work concentrating on direct measurement of the shear wave velocity. The five materials of interest have melting points ranging from that of tin (505 K) to that of tantalum (3269 K). The corresponding Lindemann constant is determined, leading to an average value of 0.103 for cubic crystalli.