Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavioural Interactions of a Bull with Cows and the Resumption of Estrous

The relationship between the bull's behavioural interactions with cows after calving and reproductive performances, such as uterine involution, the first ovulation and estrous, was investgated in experimental herds. Fourteen spring-calving cows in 1989 (Experiment 1) and 12 cows in 1990 (Experiment 2) were divided into 2 herds, respectively, which were reared for about 40 days and their behaviour and reproductive functions were observed. A bull was introduced to one herd (BE) each year. The remainder (NBE herd) could also get visual and olfactory stimuli from a bull without tactile stimuli. The frequencies of behavioural interactions between a bull and cows were 10.9 and 10.8 per hour in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. The proportions of the behaviour from cows to a bull were 12.2% and 17.4% of the total interactions in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. This meant that behavioural interactions between a bull and a cow depended mainly on the bull's behaviour. Aggressive behaviour in the bulls was very rare, composing 2% and 0% of the interactions in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively, while friendly behaviour (such as cohesive, afiliative and investigative behaviours) and sexual behaviour (such as sexual-investigative, sexual-stimulative and pre-mating behaviours) were the main interactions (66% and 32% in Experiment 1 and 52% and 48% in Experiment 2, respectively). There were increases in the behavioural interactions of a bull with cows around 30 days and 50 days after calving, which seemed corresponding to the quiet ovulation. The average days of the first ovulation and uterine involution after calving tended to be shorter in the BE herds than in the NBE herds. The difference in uterine involution in Experiment 1 was significant (P<0.01) between the BE herd and the NBE herd. Cows in Experiment 1 were unestrous during the experimental period. Though PGF 2α was injected in Experiment 1 to induce estrous, there was no difference in the rates of estrous resumption. In Experiment 2, only 4 cows in the BE herd were naturally in heat soon after the behaviour observation period. The rate of estrous resumption in the BE herd was higher than in the NBE herd, where there were no estrous cows (P<0.05). Behavioural interactions of a bull with estrous induced cows tended to be much greater than those with uninduced cows in both experiments. In conclusion, it was suggested that the 'male effect' on female reproductive performance exists also in cattle and that the 'male effect' may be induced by the bull's behavioural interactions with cows. Anim. Sci. Technol. (Jpn.) 65 (6): 538-546,1994
Effects of Night-break Light Quality on Floral Inhibition of Chrysanthemum

Effects of the wavelength of night-break light on the inhibition of flower bud differentiation in chrysanthemum were investi-gated using the cultivars ‘Arajin2’ and ‘Iwanohakusen’. Wavelengths of 516, 593, 630, 663, 684, and 705 nm of light were produced using LED lamps. Effective wavelengths for inhibition in both ‘Arajin2’ and ‘Iwanohakusen’ were 593, 630, and 663 nm, and the most effective wavelength was 630 nm in ‘Arajin2’ and 593 and 630 nm in ‘Iwanohakusen’, respectively. The effectiveness of red light or a mixture of red and far-red light as a night-break light was compared using ‘Arajin2’ and ‘Iwanohakusen’. No difference in the inhibition of flower bud differentiation was observed in ‘Arajin2’, whereas the mixed light of red light and far-red light was more effective than red light to inhibit flower bud differentiation of ‘Iwanohakusen’.
Moorland Beetle Communities on Limestone `Habitat Islands'. II. Flight Activity, and its Influence on Local Staphylinid Diversity

(1) The staphylinid faunas of discrete limestone grassland patches and adjacent blanket peat habitat were studied on two areas of moorland in northern England. Terrestrial and aerial components of the faunas were sampled using pitfall and window traps, respectively. (2) Two-thirds of all species taken on the Moor House National Nature Reserve were capable of flight. Flight occurred throughout the field season, peaking in late spring and at the end of the summer.
AGGREGATION AND THE COEXISTENCE OF MYCOPHAGOUS DROSOPHILA

SUMMARY (1) Intraspecific aggregation has been postulated to facilitate the coexistence of competing species that share patchy resources. Data on adult emergence numbers of four mycophagous species of Drosophila from field-collected mushrooms show that these species exhibit highly aggregated distributions, both in collections comprising several naturally occurring species of mushrooms and in those of a single species for which mushroom size, condition, exposure time, and location in the field were controlled. (2) The relation between the mean and the variance in the numbers of flies emerging per mushroom reveals that the mean level of larval crowding increases with overall population density. Aggregation of larvae of each species is due to (i) females laying eggs in clutches of more than one egg, and (ii) non-random distributions of ovipositing females across breeding sites. (3) The emergence number of different species of Drosophila tend to be positively correlated across mushrooms, especially between species belonging to the same species group. In fact, within species groups, intraspecific and interspecific aggregation of ovipositing females contribute about equally to the proportional increase in the number of competitors an individual larva shares a mushroom with. Thus, aggregation does not appear to play an important-role in the coexistence of species belonging to the same species group. (4) The probability of parasitism of emergent Drosophila by the nematode Howardula aoronymphium Welch is generally independent of emergence numbers. Thus, although density-dependent parasitism could promote coexistence of species that have independent aggregated distributions, we find little evidence of such density dependence in these species.
The effects of Mediterranean diet and EVOO consumption in relation to human health

The Mediterranean basin is characterized by the presence and cultivation of olive trees since antiquity. All of the Mediterranean countries and especially Greece and Italy, are characterized by similar food patterns that are described as “Mediterranean diet”. The core of this diet is the daily intake of plant foods and as its main source of fat is olive oil and particularly in Greece EVOO (Extra Virgin Olive Oil). EVOO contains a large percentage of MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids approximately 80% of its total lipid concentration), as well as some other substances in smaller concentrations such as oleocanthal, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein etc. The greater the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to the intake of EVOO as the main fat source, the greater the health benefits encountered. Some of these benefits that have been reported are due to the antioxidant properties of EVOO, its anti-inflammatory effects, its ability to regulate the endothelial function, lipids, haemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Moreover, EVOO has a positive effect in chronic diseases such as obesity, metabolic and amyloid diseases, while it reduces the risk of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, it influences the aging process by reducing the genome and proteome damage that lead to aging. All the data collected, demonstrate that a daily intake of EVOO combined with a good percentile of adherence to the Mediterranean diet lead to a healthier lifestyle, longevity and a reduced morbidity rate.
PREFERENCE FOR COVERED NEST SITES AND BREEDING SUCCESS IN KELP GULLS LARUS DOMINICANUS

In most bird species, selection for a nesting site within a particular habitat is one of the main determinants of breeding success (Partridge 1978, Cody 1985). Several seabird studies have shown that selection for different nest sites can result in differences in breeding success (Nettleship 1972, Dexheimer & Southern 1974, Montevecchi 1978, Potts et al. 1980, Burger & Gochfeld 1985, Frere et al. 1992, Gandini 1993). Ideally, a nest site should provide protection against factors such as extreme weather conditions, predators and intra or interspecific social interference (Buckley & Buckley 1980).
Incidence of gastro-intestinal helminths in captive wild animals at different locations

The spectrum of parasitic diseases in wild animals is of great importance both in human and veterinary medicine. Under captivity, the health status of zoo animals varies with different factors such as management, feeding, environment, sanitation and seasonal variation. Various workers have recorded incidence of different parasites in captive wild animals (Chauhan et al., 1972; Chakraborty et al., 1994).
Comparison of Methods for Assessing Viability of Equine Spermatozoa and Effects of Seminal Plasma on Viability and Motion Characteristics of Equine Spermatozoa

Comparison of Methods for Assessing Viability of Equine Spermatozoa and Effects of Seminal Plasma on Viability and Motion Characteristics of Equine Spermatozoa. (December 2009) Mary Lauren Foster, B.S., Texas A&M University-Commerce Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Charles Love Assessment of sperm viability is an important component for evaluating stallion sperm quality. The flow cytometer is considered the standard in the assessment of sperm plasma membrane integrity (viability); however, this instrument is costly to purchase and use, and it requires an experienced technician to operate it. The growing practice of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in the equine industry has increased the need for an accurate but cost-effective means of determining sperm membrane viability. The NucleoCounter® SP-100 is reported to be an accurate, easy-to-perform, and an efficient stallion-side test for sperm membrane viability. To evaluate usefulness of the NucleoCounter® SP-100 for assessing sperm membrane integrity, neat semen was subjected to four treatments with varying seminal plasma volumes and sperm concentrations. Sperm membrane viability was assessed immediately, and at 24 and 48 hours after cooled-storage using three methods: 1) flow cytometer utilizing the fluorescent vital stains
The relation between the disappearance of foreign proteins from the circulation and the formation of antibodies

Some observations which Dr. Rackemann and one of us made a few years ago indicated that when serum disease followed the injection of horse serum in human beings anti-bodies, such as precipitin, anaphylactic antibodies, and skin hypersensitiveness to horse serum appeared as a rule toward the termination of the serum sickness. It was considered that the excessive production of antibodies followed the cellular reaction which was made evident by the serum sickness. In two of the cases that were studied, serum disease did not follow the injection of horse serum and anti-bodies did not appear in the circulation. The reason for this variation in susceptibility, a condition that has long been puzzling, has not been satisfactorily explained. The object of the present investigation was to determine, if possible, whether the presence of antigen, namely, horse serum, bore any relation to serum disease or to the production of antibodies. It is known that by the method of specific precipitation a reaction for horse serum may be obtained in the blood, both of animals and of human beings, for many days after the injection of horse serum. Since reactions for horse serum cannot be obtained in the urine, it is improbable that horse serum is secreted as such by the kidneys. The method employed has been to estimate by means of specific precipitin reactions the presence of horse serum at given intervals after its injection into human beings for therapeutic purposes in pneumonia and at the same time to follow the appearance and curves of precipitin for horse serum. Preliminary observations on rabbits showed that when 5 C.C. of horse serum per kilo body weight was injected intravenously, reactions for horse serum could be obtained in the blood of the rabbit over a period of from 7 days to three weeks.
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION IN OMAN: THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF THE INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEMS

The Omani construction industry has been recently witnessing a boosted expansion associated with the notable growth in population and economy. In comparison with its neighboring countries, the construction industry in Oman is criticized for the lack of sustainability practices. Recently, the government and professional bodies have taken proactive actions to promote sustainable construction practices. The Industrialized Building Systems (IBS) could play an important role in the Omani’s construction industry in the future due to its environmental, economic, and social benefits. However, the lack of evidence on the contribution of IBS to the Omani’s construction industry suggests that this approach is not yet at top of stakeholder’s agenda. This paper focuses on the potential contribution of IBS on sustainable construction practices in Oman. Through literature review, a comprehensive list of sustainability factors affecting IBS applications in the Omani construction industry was developed. A stakeholder survey of Omani construction industry including clients, engineers, and contractors was conducted to understand their perception on the importance of these factors. The statistical analysis revealed that the environment-related and the implementation-related factors are more important than the social-related factors. The Economic-related factors were not found to be significantly more important than any other group of factors. Moreover, Construction Time was found to be the most important and the most influential factor among the 62 factors considered in this study. The paper concludes with recommendations to promote and improve applications of Industrialized building system in the Omani construction industry.
The use of BMWP and ASPT indices for evaluation of water quality according to macroinvertebrates in Küçük Menderes River (Turkey)

Abstract This study was carried out in the Küçük Menderes River basin in order to determine the water quality and investigate the environmental quality and the applicability of both the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) and Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT). Monitoring took place in May, July and September 2014 at 10 stations (7 rivers and 3 lakes) according to the method of Intercalibration Common Metrics. Some metrics (BMWP, ASPT, Family Biotic Index, Simpson Diversity Index, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Margalef Diversity Index, dominance, frequency and existence of sensitive species) were calculated. In total, 69 taxa comprising 5,814 individuals were detected. The taxa having the highest frequency rate were Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (70%), Chironomus (Camptochironomus) tentans (70%), Psammoryctides albicola (60%), Physella acuta (60%), Nais elinguis (60%) and Stylaria lacustris (50%), which are alpha mesosaprobic and polysaprobic species, respectively. The presence and high dominance and frequency rate of these species have indicated basin pollution. Positive indicator species for water quality are Gomphus schneideri, Trithemis annulata, Lindenia tetraphylla, Orthetrum cancellatum, Hydropsyche angustipennis, Cricotopus (Cricotopus) fuscus and Cricotopus (Cricotopus) annulator, while negative indicator species are Culex pipiens, Chironomus (Camptoch.) tentans, Chironomus thummi, Stylaria lacustris and Eristalis tenax. Habitat quality of the Küçük Menderes River basin was not high (it was found to be heavily polluted/polluted/slightly polluted according to the physicochemical data, BMWP and ASPT) due to physical habitat degradation, urban waste waters, touristic, seasonal dwelling and agricultural activities.
Comparison between Femtosecond Assisted LASIK and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) for Correction of Myopic Astigmatism

Aim of the work: To evaluate Fs-LASIK and SMILE in phrases of efficacy, safety, predictability. Also, an assessment the impact of each technique in high-order corneal aberrations, corneal asphericity and eye dryness. Patients and Methods: prospective, non-randomized, comparative clinical trial was done from June 2018 to November 2019 on myopic patient. This test consists of 60-eyes that were operated at El Mashreq Eye Hospital. Fs- LASIK group covered 30-eyes and SMILE group covered 30-eyes. Results: No-statistically significant difference between both maneuvers in efficacy, safety and predictability. 86.61% in the SMILE group, and 93.32% eyes in the FS-LASIK group, respectively, had 20/20 or better UDVA. Dry eye was manifested in less degree after SMILE procedure compared with Fs-LASIK. Both Fs-LASIK and Fs-SMILE increased total corneal coma aberration and spherical aberrations, but there has been a non-statistically large extension between each strategy. Smile possibly brought on a higher coma aberration due to decentration and fs-LASIK resulted in more spherical aberration. Conclusion: The results in both procedures are matching and comparable but a further contralateral eye studies is needed to have a homogenous preoperative matching and avoid bias.
Tropical Australian freshwater fungi. V.* Bombardia sp., Jahnula australiensis sp. nov., Savoryella aquatica sp. nov. and S. lignicola sp. nov.

Four aquatic ascomycetes are reported from freshwater habitats in Australia for the first time. Three taxa: Bombardia sp. , Jahnula australiensis sp. nov., and Savoryella aquatica sp. nov, are illustrated with interference contrast light micrographs. The new fungi are described and their taxonomic placement discussed. * Part IV, Aust. Syst. Bot. 1992, 5, 407–14.
Biochemical, Biophysical, and Structural Characterisation of Glutamate Racemase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis

Glutamate racemase (MurI) is a favored target for antimicrobial development, and is an essential enzyme in M. tuberculosis, a pathogenic bacterium for which new medications are urgently needed. This thesis aims to characterise MurI from M. tuberculosis (MurIMtb) and its close homolog from M. smegmatis (MurIMsm), and to provide biochemical and structural information for future structure-based drug discovery efforts against tuberculosis. MurIMtb and MurIMsm were recombinantly expressed, purified, and crystallised. The crystal structures of MurIMtb and MurIMsm in complex with d-glutamate were determined to resolutions of 2.3 and 1.8 Å, respectively. The two structures are almost identical, consisting of two compact α/β domains that adopt the canonical MurI fold, and display a complex network of substrate binding via electrostatic interactions. Structural analysis of their active sites in comparison to that of other glutamate racemase structures reveals a notable feature in mycobacterial MurI active site architecture, and based on this feature, a possible drug design targeting the MurIMtb active site has been suggested. Moreover, a new type of MurI dimer arrangement with extensive dimer-interface interactions was observed in both mycobacterial MurI structures, termed a "side-to-side" arrangement, which is different from previously described dimer geometries for glutamate racemases. The dimeric form of mycobacterial MurI in solution was verified using analytical size-exclusion chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation, and sedimentation equilibrium analysis of MurIMsm indicated that the enzyme forms a tight dimer with an expected Kd in the nanomolar range or lower. Although MurIMtb and MurIMsm were shown to bind specifically to the substrates, dand l-glutamate, neither enzyme exhibited glutamate race-
The effect of requeening in late July on honey bee colony development on the Northern Great Plains of North America after removal from an indoor winter storage facility

Summary The effect of late summer requeening on the subsequent development of honey bee colonies during autumn (Harris, 2008b), and when confined in an indoor wintering facility (Harris, 2009) was extended with observations on sealed brood production, colony size and colony demographics every twelve days from 11 March until 14 August after they were removed from their winter quarters. Average adult populations declined for the first 48 days, and then recovered over the next 24 to 36 days once adult emergence consistently exceeded worker mortality. Rates of mortality for wintered workers were similar to those recorded for bees emerging in April, May, June, July and most of August. The last surviving bees from worker cohorts marked in September and October 1976 died between 3 June and 15 June 1977. Requeening treatment effects were quite variable and not statistically different. Requeened colonies were, however, generally larger than those headed by older queens when the experiment was terminated on 14 August and these colonies were killed and counted. The nine largest colonies belonged to the requeened treatments and contained on average 8,637 more bees (range 85 to 17,735) than the largest colony that had not been requeened. One of the requeened colonies was estimated to have contained slightly more than 80,000 adult bees at its peak population on 9 July.
Evaluation of Citrus Cultivars Resistance to Alternaria alternata, the Causal Agent of Brown Spot Disease, Using RAPD-PCR

Alternaria brown spot is one of the most important worldwide diseases of citrus. This disease caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Kessl, and causing serious economical losses in citrus yield. Citrus cultivars vary genetically in their degree of brown spot resistance. In this research, susceptibility of 13 citrus cultivars including "Orlando tangelo, Minneloa tangelo, Clementine mandarin, Fortune, Page, Unesi, Kino, Local tangerine, Sweet orange (Thomson and Local orange), Sweet lemon, Lime and Sour orange to Alternaria brown spot was analyzed. The results revealed that Page, Orlando tangelo and Mineola tangelo were highly susceptible to A. alternata and showed severe brown spot symptoms on leaves. Based on Disease rating Index (DRI) these cultivars were placed in sensitive class (S). However, Sour orange and Clementine with the least DRI were designated as resistance varieties (R). In molecular method, the total DNA was extracted from leaves with CTAB-phenol chloroform method and DNA fragments were amplified by RAPD-PCR using 2 single, random 10mer oligonucleotide primers; AL3 and P12. In sour orange and Clementine mandarin an 850 bp fragment by P12 and a 1250 bp fragment by AL3 primer were amplified and there was not observed any fragment in these regions in other citrus cultivars. Based on results of molecular marker and pathogenicity test, sour orange and Clementine are resistance to Alternaria brown spot and have resistant gene (amplified by P12 and AL3 primers). This is the first report of resistant gene in citrus cultivars to Alternaria alternata in Iran.