Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspects that influence extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to acquire an online language course of a foreign language *

Learning a foreign language has become a necessity involving the professional and experiential development of people, for this reason this research aims to analyze whether extrinsic and intrinsic motivation is influenced by advertising actions and the aspects that are considered to buy an online language course. For this, descriptive research was developed, with a quantitative approach and a questionnaire was applied in digital format to 555 participants from the city of Bogota, who expressed an intention to study a foreign language learning programme on a virtual platform. From a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations, the results suggest that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are influenced by the advertising actions of the platforms, extrinsic motivation is not influenced by the aspects considered to acquire a language course and additionally intrinsic motivation affects the extrinsic motivation to choose such platforms. Future studies may focus on measuring the influence of attitudes and social networks on consumption.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics First Ionospheric Results From the MAVEN Radio Occultation Science Experiment (ROSE)

Radio occultation observations of the ionosphere of Mars can span the full vertical extent of the ionosphere, in contrast to in situ measurements that rarely sample the main region of the ionosphere. However, most existing radio occultation electron density proﬁles from Mars were acquired without clear context for the solar forcing or magnetospheric conditions, which presents challenges for the interpretation of these proﬁles. Here we present 48 ionospheric electron density proﬁles acquired by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission (MAVEN) Radio Occultation Science Experiment (ROSE) from 5 July 2016 to 27 June 2017 at solar zenith angles of 54 ∘ to 101 ∘ . Latitude coverage is excellent, and comprehensive context for the interpretation of these proﬁles is provided by other MAVEN instruments. The proﬁles show a 9-km increase in ionospheric peak altitude in January 2017 that is associated with a lower atmospheric dust storm, variations in electron densities in the M1 layer that cannot be explained by variations in the solar soft X-ray ﬂux, and topside electron densities that are larger in strongly magnetized regions than in weakly magnetized regions. MAVEN Radio Occultation Science Experiment electron density proﬁles are publicly available on the NASA Planetary Data System.
Accounting Explanatory Factors of Capital Structure Policy of Brazilian Soccer Clubs

portuguesEste artigo teve por objetivo evidenciar os fatores contabeis explicativos da politica de estrutura de capital dos clubes de futebol brasileiros. O estudo caracteriza-se como descritivo, realizado por meio de analise documental e abordagem quantitativa. Foram analisados 40 clubes de futebol, sendo 20 da serie A, 15 da serie B e 5 da serie C com as demonstracoes contabeis de 2015 publicadas. A analise dos dados foi realizada por meio de analise descritiva, correlacao de Pearson e analise de regressao multipla por meio do Software SPSS® versao 22.0. Os resultados encontrados apontam que o tamanho e rentabilidade influenciam de forma negativa o endividamento dos clubes de futebol enquanto a tangibilidade influencia de forma positiva o mesmo, confirmando estas hipoteses. Ao contrario a liquidez e o intangivel, nao foram consideradas estatisticamente significantes, ou seja, nao influenciam de forma significativa e negativa o endividamento dos clubes de futebol brasileiros das series A, B e C pesquisados, refutando para estes casos as hipoteses levantadas. EnglishThis paper aims to describe the accounting explanatory factors of the capital structure policy of Brazilian soccer clubs. This study is a descriptive, documentary and quantitative research with a sample of 35 soccer clubs, of wich 20 belong to the A-series, 11 to B- and 4 to C-series. All of the clubs have published financial statements in 2015. Data analysis was performed by means of descriptive analysis, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis through SPSS® software, version 22.0. The results show that size and profitability influence negatively the soccer clubs indebtedness while tangibility does the same positively, confirming the hypotheses. On the other hand, liquidity and intangibility were not considered statistically significant, that is, these factors do not influence significantly the debt of Brazilian soccer clubs of the A, B and C series, not supporting the hypotheses regarding these constructs.
mea-How much can performance measures explain of the between-cow variation in enteric methane?

Enteric CH 4 produced from dairy cows contributes to the greenhouse gas emission from anthropogenic sources. Recent studies have shown that the selection of lower CH 4 emitting cows is possible, but this would be simpler if performance measures already recorded on farm could be used, instead of measuring gas emission from individual cows. These performance measures could be used for selection of low emitting cows. The aim of this analysis was to quantify how much of the between-cow variation in CH 4 production can be explained by variation in performance measures. A data set with 3 experiments, a total of 149 lactating dairy cows with repeated measures, was used to estimate the between-cow variation (the variation between cow estimates) for performance and gas measures from GreenFeed. The cow estimates were obtained with a linear mixed model with the diet within period effect as a fixed effect and the cow within experiment as a random effect. The cow estimates for CH 4 production were first regressed on the performance and gas measures individually, and then performance and CO 2 production measures were grouped in 3 subsets for principal component analysis and principal component regression. The variables that explained most of the between-cow variation in CH 4 production were DMI (R 2 = 0.44), among the performance measures, and CO 2 production (R 2 = 0.61), among gas measures. Grouping the measures increased the R 2 to 0.53, when only performance measures were used, and to 0.66, when CO 2 production was added to the significant performance measures. We found the marginal improvement to be insufficient to justify the use of grouped measures rather than an individual measure, since the latter avoid over fitting and simplify the model. Investigation of other measures that can be explored to increase explanatory power of between-cow variation in CH 4 production is briefly discussed. Finally, the use of residual CH 4 as a measure for CH 4 efficiency could be considered by using either DMI or CO 2 production as the sole predicting variables.
A cluster-of-functional-groups approach for studying organic enhanced atmospheric cluster formation

The role of organic compounds in atmospheric new particle formation is difficult to disentangle due to the myriad of potentially important oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) present in the atmosphere. Using state-of-the-art quantum chemical methods, we here employ a novel approach, denoted the “cluster-of-functional-groups" approach, for studying the involvement of OOMs in atmospheric cluster formation. Instead of the usual “trial-and-error" approach of testing the ability of experimentally identified OOMs to form stable clusters with other nucleation precursors, we here study which, and how many, 5 intermolecular interactions that are required in a given OOM to form stable clusters. In this manner we can reverse engineer the elusive structure of OOM candidates that might be involved in organic enhanced atmospheric cluster formation. We calculated the binding free energies of all combinations of donor/acceptor organic functional groups to investigate which functional groups that most preferentially bind with each other and with other nucleation precursors such as sulfuric acid and bases (ammonia, methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethylamine). We find that multiple carboxyl groups leads to substantially 10 more stable clusters compared to all other combinations of functional groups. Employing cluster dynamics simulations, we investigate how a hypothetically OOM composed of multiple carboxyl groups can stablize sulfuric acid – base clusters and provide recommendations for potential atmospheric multi-carboxylic acid tracer compounds that should be explicitly studied in the future. The presented “cluster-of-functional-groups" approach is generally applicable and can be employed in many other appli-15 cations, such as ion-induced nucleation and potentially in elucidating the structural patterns in molecules that facilitate ice nucleation.
Enhancing Robustness to Class-Conditional Distribution Shift in Long-Tailed Recognition

For long-tailed recognition problem, beyond imbalanced label distribution, unreliable empirical data distribution due to instance scarcity has recently emerged as a concern. It inevitably causes Class-Conditional Distribution (CCD) shift between training and test. Data augmentation and head-to-tail information transfer methods indirectly alleviate the problem by synthesizing novel examples but may remain biased. In this paper, we conduct a thorough study on the impact of CCD shift and propose Distributionally Robust Augmentation (DRA) to directly train models robust to the shift. DRA admits a novel generalization bound reflecting the benefit of distributional robustness to CCD shift for long-tailed recognition. Extensive experiments show DRA greatly improves existing re-balancing and data augmentation methods when cooperating with them. It also alleviates the recently discovered saddle-point issue, verifying its ability to achieve enhanced robustness.
Looking for Fusarium Resistance in Oats: An Update

In recent years, an increase of interest has arisen in oats due to their unique health-related properties. Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is recognized as a major threat to oat production and safety. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) assesses the risks of the presence of Fusarium-produced mycotoxins in foods and the tolerable intake level. This paper summarizes updates on Fusarium resistance in oats, describing the advances in phenotyping strategies and diagnostics methods and discussing the role of the infection process of the microbiome and bioactive compounds peculiar to oats. A special emphasis has been placed on the presentation of new genetic, genomic, and biotechnological knowledge and tools available today and their perspectives on breeding programs aiming to develop FHB-resistant genotypes.
The tropical precipitation pickup threshold and clouds in a radiative convective equilibrium model: 2. Two‐layer moisture

This paper complements Part 1 in which cloud processes of aggregated convection are examined in a large‐domain radiative convective equilibrium simulation in order to uncover those responsible for a consistently observed, abrupt increase in mean precipitation at a column relative humidity value of approximately 77%. In Part 2, the focus is on how the transition is affected independently by total moisture above and below the base of the melting layer. When mean precipitation rates are examined as simultaneous functions of these two moisture layers, four distinct behaviors are observed. These four behaviors suggest unique, yet familiar, physical regimes in which (i) little rain is produced by infrequent clouds, (ii) shallow convection produces increasing warm rain with increasing low‐level moisture, (iii) deep convection produces progressively heavier rain above the transition point with increasing total moisture, and (iv) deep stratiform cloud produces increasingly intense precipitation from melting for increasing upper level moisture. The independent thresholds separating regimes in upper and lower layer humidity are shown to result in the value of total column humidity at which a transition between clear air and deep convection, and therefore a pickup in precipitation, is possible. All four regimes force atmospheric columns toward the pickup value at 77% column humidity, but each does so through a unique set of physical processes. Layer moisture and microphysical budgets are analyzed and contrasted with column budgets.
Estimating accuracies of tidal datums from short term observations

This paper develops multiple curvilinear regression equations that estimate the accuracy of computed 19 year equivalent tidal datums at tide stations with one or more months of data. These regression equations are simple to use, quantitative, and consider individual station characteristics. The parameters affecting the accuracy of the computed tidal datums are discussed along with the relative accuracy of the standard method and the alternate method of simultaneous comparison.
Analysis of surface roughness in agricultural soils using in-situ measurements and remote sensing techniques

La rugosidad superficial del suelo es una variable que representa las variaciones micro-topograficas en la elevacion de la superficie del suelo. En zonas agricolas, la rugosidad superficial esta directamente relacionada con la labranza, cuya accion afecta las propiedades fisicas de los suelos y determina la ocurrencia y el destino de varios procesos como el almacenamiento superficial, la infiltracion, etc. Al mismo tiempo, la rugosidad tambien afecta la retrodispersion de las microondas en la superficie del suelo y determina el coeficiente de retrodispersion observado por los sensores radar. Como resultado, la rugosidad superficial del suelo ha sido estudiada desde diferentes campos de la ciencia, abordando diferentes cuestiones como el uso de tecnicas de medicion, la parametrizacion y las tecnicas de analisis. En esta tesis, se han llevado a cabo diferentes analisis con el objetivo de abordar estas cuestiones. Por un lado, se ha realizado una evaluacion detallada de los diferentes parametros de rugosidad propuestos en la literatura. En total, se han analizado 21 parametros de rugosidad (divididos en cuatro categorias), evaluando su correlacion e identificando los parametros que mejor hayan separado las diferentes clases de rugosidad. Por otro lado, se ha analizado la influencia de la escala en la medicion de la rugosidad sobre la retrodispersion radar. Este analisis se ha centrado en diferentes aspectos como la longitud del perfil, el filtrado de la rugosidad de alta y baja frecuencia, y el tamano de la muestra. Para cada una de estas cuestiones se ha analizado la correlacion de los parametros de rugosidad con el coeficiente de retrodispersion observado y el grado de ajuste con diferentes modelos de retrodispersion. Por ultimo, se ha abordado la caracterizacion de la rugosidad superficial en suelos agricolas mediante diferentes tecnicas de medicion in-situ. El perfilometro laser (2D), el laser escaner terrestre (3D) y la tecnica “Structure from Motion” han sido utilizados para medir la rugosidad superficial en diferentes parcelas experimentales que han representado diferentes condiciones de rugosidad. En este analisis han sido evaluados los grados de ajuste entre las tecnicas y la sensibilidad de los parametros de rugosidad a cada una de las tecnicas. Se espera que los resultados obtenidos durante la realizacion de esta tesis doctoral contribuyan a un mejor entendimiento sobre el fenomeno de la rugosidad superficial en suelos agricolas.
Early post-stroke period: A privileged time for sensory re-weighting?

Background: Shortly after stroke, patients exhibit excessive sensitivity to visual, proprioceptive and vestibular perturbations regarding balance control. Objective: To evaluate the stability of this perceptual behaviour after stroke and test the relationships between sensory sensitivity and balance. Methods: Thirty subjects following a hemispheric stroke (mean age 54.7 (standard deviation (SD) 10.6 years), 21 men, right hemisphere lesion = 13) and 30 control subjects (mean age 52.0 (SD 12.0), 14 men). Sensitivity to sensory perturbations was evaluated using the displacement of the centre of pressure during tendon vibration (proprioception score), optokinetic (visual score) and galvanic perturbations (vestibular score) while standing on a force-platform a mean of 2 months after stroke, and 1 month later. Balance and in-dependence were evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and Barthel Index (BI). Results: Global sensitivity to perturbations decreased ( p = 0.001). Patients remained more sensitive to visual perturbation than did controls ( p = 0.033). The Vestibular Score was correlated with BBS (Rs = –0.576, p = 0.006), TUG (Rs = 0.408, p = 0.045), BI (Rs = –0.481, p = 0.016); the Visual Score was correlated with BBS (Rs = –0.500, p = 0.019), TUG (Rs = 0.401, p = 0.049). Conclusion: The initial months following stroke appear to be a period of individual perceptual motor adaptation. Sensory re-weighting is likely to be a major component of that process.
SEATANI: hazards from seamounts in SouthEast Asia, Taiwan, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands (eastern India)

Submarine volcanism makes up approximately 85% of volcanism taking place on Earth, and its 14 eruptions can be particularly hazardous, with the potential to cause large-scale sector collapse of the volcanic 15 edifice, tsunamis, and ash dispersal. Recent examples include the eruptions in Japan and in the Kingdom of Tonga 16 in 2021 and 2022 respectively, but there has been little to no study of submarine volcanoes in Southeast Asia and 17 its surroundings. Here we provide a compilation of 466 seamounts from the region, from different published 18 sources, through the SEATANI dataset (Southeast Asia + Taiwan + Andaman & Nicobar Islands). We use this 19 newly compiled dataset to assess on a regional basis the seamount hazard potential and exposure potential as a 20 springboard for future more quantitative hazard studies for the region. The hazard potential was assessed through 21 seamount morphological/structural analyses, to determine the seamount evolution stage and, grade of maturity. 22 The exposure potential was evaluated through two different approaches: An areal analysis of the number of assets 23 within a 100 km radius of each seamount; and the development of a hazard-weighted seamount density map to 24 highlight potential areas of interest for future more-in-depth studies. Our results show that there are several 25 potentially hazardous seamounts in this region, and Taiwan had the highest hazard and exposure potential, for all 26 assets considered, while Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam have relatively high exposure potential for submarine
Short Article: The Hebb Repetition Effect as a Laboratory Analogue of Novel Word Learning

The present study tests the hypothesis that a common ordering mechanism underlies both short-term serial recall of verbal materials and the acquisition of novel long-term lexical representations, using the Hebb repetition effect. In the first experiment, participants recalled visually presented nonsense syllables following a typical Hebb effect learning protocol. Replicating the Hebb repetition effect, we observed improved recall for repeated sequences of syllables. In the second experiment, the same participants performed an auditory lexical decision task, which included nonwords that were constructed from the syllables used in the first experiment. We observed inhibited rejection of nonwords that were composed of the repeated Hebb sequences, compared to nonwords that were built from nonrepeated filler sequences. This suggests that a long-term phonological lexical representation developed during Hebb learning. Accordingly, the relation between immediate serial recall and word learning is made explicit by arguing that the Hebb repetition effect is a laboratory analogue of naturalistic vocabulary acquisition.
Short article: The role of working memory in tactile selective attention

Load theory suggests that working memory controls the extent to which irrelevant distractors are processed (e.g., Lavie, Hirst, De Fockert, & Viding, 2004). However, so far this proposal has only been tested in vision. Here, we examine the extent to which tactile selective attention also depends on working memory. In Experiment 1, participants focused their attention on continuous target vibrations while attempting to ignore pulsed distractor vibrations. In Experiment 2, targets were always presented to a particular hand, with distractors being presented to the other hand. In both experiments, a high (vs. low) load in a concurrent working memory task led to greater interference by the tactile distractors. These results establish the role of working memory in the control of tactile selective attention, demonstrating for the first time that the principles of load theory also apply to the tactile modality.
Innovat MOOC Teacher Training on Educational Innovation in Higher Education

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the importance for university teachers to have adequate pedagogical and technological competences to cope with the various possible educational scenarios (face-to-face, online, hybrid, etc.), making use of appropriate active learning methodologies and supporting technologies to foster a more effective learning environment. In this context, the InnovaT project has been an important initiative to support the development of pedagogical and technological competences of university teachers in Latin America through several trainings aiming to promote teacher innovation. These trainings combined synchronous on-line training through webinars and workshops with asynchronous online training through the MOOC “Innovative Teaching in Higher Education. ” This MOOC was released twice. The first run took place right during the lockdown of 2020 , when Latin American teachers needed urgent training to move to emergency remote teaching overnight. The second run took place in 2022 with the return to face-to-face teaching and the implementation of hybrid educational models. This article shares the results of the design of the MOOC considering the constraints derived from the lock-downs applied in each country, the lessons learned from the delivery of such a MOOC to Latin American university teachers, and the results of the two runs of the MOOC.
A New Miocene Whale-Fall Community Dominated by the Bathymodiolin Mussel Adipicola from the Hobetsu Area, Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract. We report the fourth record of a fossil whale-fall community in Japan. The new material consists of a single whale bone in association mainly with small bathymodiolin mussels, Adipicola sp. , found in the Karumai Formation (late middle Miocene—early late Miocene) in the Hobetsu area of Hokkaido, Japan. This association of whale bone and Adipicola sp. and its mode of occurrence resembles the description of some other ancient whale-fall communities dominated by small mussels from the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State (early Oligocene), Shosanbetsu in Hokkaido (early middle Miocene) and Carpineti in northern Italy (middle Miocene) and constitutes an example of a chemosynthesis-based community sustained by whale-fall decay in the Miocene deep sea. The new example extends the Miocene distribution of bathymodiolin-dominated whale-fall communities to the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
Impact of Collaboration on Structural Software Quality

The structural quality of a codebase is a key determining factor in the software's total cost of ownership, yet it is notoriously difficult to measure or predict. In this doctoral research we leverage the power of open source repositories to understand the factors that influence structural quality (and by extension fault-proneness) in the context of the patterns of collaborative behaviour exhibited by contributors. The objective is to further our understanding of how such behaviour impacts structural quality with the end goal being to inform management decision making across the industry in the pursuit of better software engineering practices.