Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FACTORS INFLUENCING PRACTICES TOWARDS WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE WITH OCCURRENCE OF TUNGIASIS AMONG PUPILS IN SCHOOLS WITH A FEEDING PROGRAMME IN GANZE SUB COUNTY, KENYA

Background: Tungiasis is a parasitic tropical disease caused by female Tunga penetrans which causes different health disabilities hence the need for behavior change. Main objective of the study was to determine the association of WASH on tungiasis occurrence among pupils in schools implementing Home Grown School Meals Programme. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study design was employed in which data from a control and intervention sites were compared. 24 schools (12 as control and 12 as intervention) were included. 10 pupils aged 5-15yrs were targeted from each school, totaling to 240 participants. Guardians of the 240 pupils in the selected schools were also interviewed. Quantitative data was collected through a pretested structured questionnaire. The data was keyed-into the SPSS version 23 and analysed. Results: Study findings indicate that majority of the pupils aged between 10 – 14 years were 69.7%, while those aged between 15-18years were 25.5% and the least was aged between 5-9 years old at 5.0%. Majority of the pupils were in class 5-6 forming 48.7% of the responses, followed by classes 7-8 at 46.7% while classes 3-4 at 4.6 %. The study results indicate that 54% of the pupils were female and 46% male. It was noted that there is statistical significance among pupils and infested by tungiasis (χ2=6.00, df = 1, P 0.005), availability of water (χ2= 0.836, df = 2, P>0.005), availability of handwashing facilities (χ2= 0.141, df = 1, P>0.005) had no significant association with occurrence of tungiasis. Further significance was noted on demographic (β = 0.867, P=.000) behavioural (β = 0.924, P=.000), environmental factors (β = 0.689, P=.000) and tungiasis infestation. Conclusions: Study indicates that environmental, demographic and behavioral factors significantly predict tungiasis infestation. WASH related diseases, Trainings on WASH and implementation of HGSMP have a positive relationship with tungiasis infestation. Control programs need to adopt a more comprehensive approach at the school level. Health education is also imperative to significantly reduce the spread and morbidity from tungiasis. From the study environmental, demographic and behavioral factors significantly predict tungiasis.
Perinatal mental health and psychosocial risk screening in a community maternal and child health setting: evaluation of a digital platform

Abstract Background Screening women for depression and psychosocial risk during the perinatal period is recognised best practice. Screening by current pen and paper methods can be time consuming, and prone to scorer error. The lack of readily available translated versions of screening tools also excludes many women from different cultures. Aim To evaluate a perinatal mental health digital screening platform, iCOPE. The trial was conducted in a community maternal and child health setting in Melbourne, Australia. Method A descriptive, cohort design was used. All women attending the urban clinic were invited to complete their routine perinatal screening on the digital platform, designed to automate score calculations and produce instant clinical and client reports whilst collecting data in real time. Screening included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and psychosocial risk questions in line with current national clinical guidelines. Functionality of iCOPE was assessed according to duration of screening, completion rates, accuracy of reporting and level of engagement by women. Results During the trial, 144 screens were performed. The mean screening time was 6.7 min (SD=3.78). Most (65.7% n=94) women took between 3 and 6 min. Mean EPDS score was 7.2 with 16% (n=23) scoring 13 or more. The accuracy of reports was 100% and screening completion rate was 99.3%. Many women (81.3%) requested a copy of their personal report. Discussion The iCOPE platform was efficient in terms of screening time, scoring accuracy, and engagement of women. The automated production of tailored client and clinical reports enabled screening outcomes to be instantly communicated to women and health professionals. The collection of data in real time facilitated the monitoring of screening rates and evaluation of outcomes by clinicians and service managers.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Low-Power Transfer for Medical Implant Devices

Wireless power transfer (WPT) in medical implanted devices (MIDs) has received significant interest from both academic and the medical industry. These systems have suffered from battery-life that must be charged or replaced. Also, some implant devices are large, leading them to be uncomfortable. In addition, the device may interact with internal tissues, which may lead to reactions that affect the patient. This paper aims to produce a small MID operated by WPT to transmit vital signs (i.e., temperature) to an external station to ensure that the device does not affect the patient’s body. The proposed system used a flat spiral coil as a transmitter and a multi-layer copper wire coil as the receiver coil. The transmitter circuit was implanted inside a rabbit’s body. The temperature of the rabbit was sent using the nRF24L01 transceiver to the external monitoring station. The system reached an efficiency and power of 23.37% and 1.98 W respectively on 50 Ω load resistors. The proposed system was acceptable due to the small size of the coil, which provides a sufficient reception at a distance of 3 cm, exceeding the required power to operate the MID (i.e., 73 mW) and send data correctly.
Towards a theory of heuristic and optimal planning for sequential information search

How should tests (or queries, questions, or experiments) be selected? Does it matter if only a single test is allowed, or if a sequential test strategy can be planned in advance? This article contributes two sets of theoretical results bearing on these questions. First, for selecting a single test, several Optimal Experimental Design (OED) ideas have been proposed in statistics and other disciplines. The OED models are mathematically nontrivial. How is it that they often predict human behavior well? One possibility is that simple heuristics can approximate or exactly implement OED models. We prove that heuristics can identify the highest information value queries (as quantified by OED models) in several situations, thus providing a possible algorithmic-level theory of human behavior. Second, we address whether OED models are optimal for sequential search, as is frequently presumed. We consider the Person Game, a 20-questions scenario, as well as a two-category, binary feature scenario, both of which have been widely used in psychological research. In each task, we demonstrate via specific examples and extended computational simulations that neither the OED models nor the heuristics considered in the literature are optimal. Little research addresses human behavior in such situations. We call for experimental research into how people approach the sequential planning of tests, and theoretical research on what sequential planning procedures are most successful, and we offer a number of testable predictions for discriminating among candidate models.
Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Treatment

Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (R/I) is a hepatic pathophysiologic process occurs post liver transplantation surgery. It also comprises complex systemic process affecting multiple tissues and organs. Hepatic I/R has serious impact on liver function, even producing irreversible failure, which may trigger multiple organ dysfunction. Many factors, including anaerobic metabolism, mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular calcium overload, cytokines and chemokines produced by Kupffer cells (KCs) and neutrophils are involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic I/R processes. There are many treatment options to combat hepatic I/R injury but none has shown clear beneficial clinical evidence. The purpose of this review is to provide insights into the mechanisms of hepatic I/R injury, indicating the potential factors/signaling pathways involved in this event and available therapeutic approaches that may help to improve controlling hepatic I/R during liver surgery.
Oracle-Guided Design and Analysis of Learning-Based Cyber-Physical Systems

We are in world where autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars, surgical robots, robotic manipulators are becoming a reality. Such systems are considered \textit{safety-critical} since they interact with humans on a regular basis. Hence, before such systems can be integrated into our day to day life, we need to guarantee their safety. Recent success in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) has led to an increase in their use in real world robotic systems. For example, complex perception modules in self-driving cars and deep reinforcement learning controllers in robotic manipulators. Although powerful, they introduce an additional level of complexity when it comes to the formal analysis of autonomous systems. In this thesis, such systems are designated as Learning-Based Cyber-Physical Systems~(LB-CPS). In this thesis, we take inspiration from the Oracle-Guided Inductive Synthesis~(OGIS) paradigm to develop frameworks which can aid in achieving formal guarantees in different stages of an autonomous system design and analysis pipeline. Furthermore, we show that to guarantee the safety of LB-CPS, the design (synthesis) and analysis (verification) must consider feedback from the other. We consider five important parts of the design and analysis process and show a strong coupling among them, namely (i) Robust Control Synthesis from High Level Safety Specifications; (ii) Diagnosis and Repair of Safety Requirements for Control Synthesis; (iii) Counter-example Guided Data Augmentation for training high-accuracy ML models; (iv) Simulation-Guided Falsification and Verification against Adversarial Environments; and (v) Bridging Model and Real-World Gap. Finally, we introduce a software toolkit \verifai{} for the design and analysis of AI based systems, which was developed to provide a common formal platform to implement design and analysis frameworks for LB-CPS.
Preprint server use in kidney disease research: a rapid review

Purpose of review: Preprint servers including arXiv and bioRxiv have disrupted the scientific communication landscape by providing rapid access to pre-peer reviewed research. MedRxiv is a recently launched free online repository for preprints in the health sciences. We sought to summarize potential benefits and risks to preprint server use, from both the researcher and end-user perspective, and evaluate the uptake of preprint servers in the nephrology community. Sources of Information: We performed a rapid review of articles describing preprint servers and their use. We approached the 20 highest impact nephrology journals regarding their policy towards the use of preprint servers. We evaluated the average time from study completion to publication of impactful articles in nephrology. Finally, we evaluated the number of nephrology articles submitted to preprint servers. Findings: To date over 600 kidney-related articles have been uploaded to bioRxiv and medRxiv. The average time from study completion to publication was over 10 months. 16 of the top 20 nephrology journals currently accept research submitted to a preprint server. Transparency and collaboration, visibility and recognition, and rapid dissemination of results were identified as benefits of preprint servers. Concerns exist regarding the potential risk of non-peer reviewed medical research being publicly available. Limitations: Preprint servers remain a recent phenomenon in health sciences and their long-term impact on the medical literature remains to be seen. Implications: The quantity of research submitted to preprint servers is likely to continue to grow. The model for dissemination of research results will need to adapt to incorporate preprint servers.
Cost Analysis of Drug-related Problems in Saudi Arabia: Patients’ and Healthcare Providers’ Perspective

Purpose: To explore the cost analysis of drug-related problems in Saudi Arabia from patient and healthcare provider’s perceptive. Methods: It is a 4-months cross-sectional survey of drug-related problem information in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of two-part demographic information, and second part consisted of thirteen questions focusing on general knowledge of drug-related problems, their occurrence, and costs. The questions divided into three domains. It included domain 1: Primary or essential information about knowledge and perception of drug-related problems, domain 2: The cost analysis of drug-related problems, domain 3: Clinical outcome of drug-related problems. The questions about the cost of drug-related problems, health insurance coverage and the economic outcome of those issues including pharmacy visit, ambulatory care clinic visit, an emergency visit, hospital admission, critical care admission, drug-induced death. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacist definitions of drug-related problems used. The survey distributed through social media by using what’s App to almost two thousand public and healthcare professionals overall Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It analyzed domain two the cost analysis of drug-related problems through survey monkey system. Results: The total responders were one hundred and one. Of those 155 (77.9%) were patients while 44 (22.1%) were healthcare professionals. The gender distribution was female 180 (89.6%), and the male was 21 (10.4%). It is statistically non-significant (p Conclusion: The drug-related problems were a very high-cost burden on health care system in Saudi Arabia. Targeting to improve role of pharmacist and prevent drug-related misadventures is highly recommended through Saudi Health Care Vision 2030. Key words: Cost analysis, Drug-related problems, Patients, Healthcare providers, Perspective, Saudi Arabia.
A Prospective Multi-Center Observational Trial to Evaluate a CMV-specific ELIspot Assay in Solid Organ Transplant (SOT) Recipients: The PROTECT Study

Introduction CMV replication in transplant recipients is primarily controlled by the T-cell response. We evaluated the role of a novel CMV-specific ELISPOT assay to predict protection against CMV infection in SOT recipients. Materials and Methods This was a multi-center (43 sites), prospective, observational study of kidney transplant recipients at risk for CMV. Subjects were enrolled either pre-transplant or during initial anti-viral prophylaxis. Clinical management was performed according to local institutional protocols. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was determined using an ELISPOT assay that evaluated responses to CMV-specific antigens IE-1 and pp65, from the capture of IFN-&ggr; enumerated as spot counts (T-SPOT.CMV, Oxford Immunotec). CMV CMI and quantitative PCR (Roche Cobas) were assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 months following completion of anti-viral prophylaxis. CMV events necessitated a change in anti-viral therapy or immunotherapy to be eligible for analysis. The endpoint was the first occurrence of CMV disease or CMV infection after the completion of prophylaxis. T-SPOT values taken at the completion of prophylaxis were analyzed to predict protection against CMV up to 1 year post-transplant. Results Of the 597 subjects enrolled, 411 were included in the analysis based on having valid TSPOT counts within ± 30 days of the completion of prophylaxis and a non-missing date of completion of prophylaxis. Of the 411 subjects, 203 were R+ (49%), 178 were D+/R- (43%), 22 were D-/R- (5%) and 8 subjects had unknown CMV serostatus. The majority of patients were white (67%), male (62%), and median age was 52. Most patients received 3 months of antiviral prophylaxis (55%) vs 6 months of prophylaxis (44%). 3 subjects did not receive any antiviral prophylaxis (1%). Of the 411 eligible subjects, 87 had an IE-1 response of > 50 spots at the completion of prophylaxis. In this group, 1 of 87 developed CMV infection following the completion of prophylaxis, resulting in a negative predictive value (NPV) against the occurrence of a CMV event of 98.9% (p=0.0014) (see Figure 1). Using the same cut-off for pp65, the NPV against the occurrence of a CMV event was 96.5% (p=<0.0001) (see Figure 2). Figure. No caption available. Figure. No caption available. Conclusion To date, this is the largest prospective study on the use of IFN-&ggr; release assays to predict the risk of CMV infection in organ transplant recipients. We show that T-SPOT.CMV IE-1 and pp65 spot counts > 50 at the completion of prophylaxis are a significant predictor of protection against CMV infection/disease in SOT recipients.
Use of a User-Friendly Tablet Application to Communicate with Pediatric Patients on Mechanical Ventilators

Objetivos: examinar cómo el uso de una aplicación para tableta como ayuda en la comunicación con pacientes pediátricos con respirador artificial afecta el nivel de satisfacción con la comunicación por parte del personal de enfermería y en las díadas cuidador–paciente. Materiales y método: se utilizó el diseño pretest-postest de un solo grupo para analizar el nivel de satisfacción del personal de enfermería con la comunicación y se utilizó un diseño de grupo de control pretest-postest no equivalente para los cuidadores. La muestra estaba conformada por 44 miembros del personal de enfermería y 18 díadas de cuidadores y pacientes pediátricos con ventilación de dos hospitales en Tailandia. Se utilizó una prueba de T pareada para comparar al personal de enfermería, la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para comparar los cuidadores y una estadística descriptiva para describir la satisfacción de los niños. Resultados: el personal de enfermería se sintió más satisfecho con la comunicación al usar la aplicación de la tableta que los métodos de comunicación regulares (t = -9,13, df = 43, p < ,001). Los cuidadores que usaron la aplicación para tableta también reportaron una mayor satisfacción con la comunicación respecto a aquellos que usaron los métodos de comunicación regulares (U = -3,41, p < ,001). Casi el 90 % de los pacientes pediátricos reportaron sentirse completamente satisfechos con el uso de la aplicación. Conclusiones: la aplicación para tableta diseñada para facilitar la comunicación con pacientes pediátricos con respirador artificial mejoró los niveles de satisfacción con la comunicación y debe promoverse como uno de los dispositivos de comunicación de asistencia para uso amplio.
Knowledge capabilities in supply chain networks: a taxonomy

This paper aims to develop a conceptual taxonomy for building requisite knowledge capabilities for different supply chain network (SCN) types. Specifically, it examines knowledge capabilities required for three types of SCNs: efficient, collaborative and agile SCNs. ,This paper integrates two bodies of thought (i.e. knowledge management and organisational learning) and applies them to SCNs. An abductive research process is used to develop this conceptual taxonomy. ,The conceptual taxonomy details three archetypical knowledge capabilities – exploitation, exploration and ambidextrous. Those knowledge capabilities are required for efficient, collaborative and agile SCNs, respectively. ,This paper is conceptual and theory-based. The next stages of the research seek to further strengthen the explanatory value of the taxonomy through empirical validation. ,The taxonomy developed in this paper provides a valuable and pragmatic tool for managerial decision-making in the context of SCNs. Specifically, it provides a roadmap for practitioners since the study develops an understanding of the relationship between knowledge capabilities and types of SCNs. ,This is one of the earliest studies that attempt to unearth requisite knowledge capabilities for different types of SCNs.
Age regression for Malaysian males using cortical bone Histomorphometry

Bone microstructures have the capability to record the variations in its structure that occur during the life span. These variations can be analysed to estimate human age at death. This study analysed 30 Malaysian male samples in order to create a regression equation for age estimation. Bone samples were collected from human long bones i.e humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula and femur. Two morphological and five histological variables were selected for analysis. Cortical thickness and medullar cavity diameter did not show any significant relation with increasing age however haversian canal parameters and osteon count showed significant correlation with age. Regression equation with lowest SEE 7.2 was based on Haversian canal area, haversian canal radius and osteon count. The regression equation estimated age at death within 10 years of range for 85% samples. The mean value of the known ages was 39.8 years while the mean value of the estimated ages was 37.03 years. Increasing number of samples including female samples for further research might produce promising results.
Heterogeneous Network Mining and Analysis

Nowadays, large amounts of data are being created daily through fingertips with the emergence of abundant social media. With the exponential growth of the Internet over the past decades, there has been a surge of interest in the capability to extract useful data, trends and structures on these social platforms as they act as a gateway for online commercialization and information propagation. Heterogeneous networks model different types of objects and relationships among them. Compared to homogeneous networks, heterogeneous networks can fuse information from multiple data sources and social platforms. Therefore, it is natural to model complex objects and their relationships in big social media data with heterogeneous networks. Despite decades of technique development for various data mining tasks, few of them target heterogeneous networks. Heterogeneity is a key element in contemporary social networks which provides diversified perception of networks. Therefore, heterogeneous network analysis has become an important topic in data mining in recent years that has been attracting increasing attention from both industry and academia, as they provide more comprehensive and interesting analysis results than their projected homogeneous networks. Motivated by these considerations, this thesis presents a series of new techniques for knowledge discovery in heterogeneous networks. In particular, the methods proposed in this thesis have been applied to a wide range of applications including community discovery, ranking and information retrieval. For dynamic heterogeneous networks, our research presents a more effective network embedding technique when compared to the existing state-of-the-art methods. Throughout this thesis, we highlight how our methodologies were able to identify more tightly coupled communities in heterogeneous networks, more accurately rank top performing social actors and having the capability to view heterogeneous networks in a dynamic construct.
Seismic assessment of RC building designed by local practice

Current research works and observations have shown that the parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are considered as low to moderate seismic zone. However, most of the residential buildings were designed for gravity loading only and lack of detailed to resist the seismic load. This research focused on the seismic evaluation of an existing typical residential building that was assumed to be located in different regions (Makkah, Jeddah, Gizan and Haql). This was accomplished by conducting a pushover analysis to simulate the nonlinear behaviour of the building. The analysis results in the failure mechanism of the building so that the weak elements can be monitored. These results help engineers to take any action for rehabilitation and strengthening work.