Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genomic Analysis of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli O157 Cattle and Clinical Isolates from Alberta, Canada

Shiga toxin (stx) is the principal virulence factor of the foodborne pathogen, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 and is associated with various lambdoid bacterio (phages). A comparative genomic analysis was performed on STEC O157 isolates from cattle (n = 125) and clinical (n = 127) samples to characterize virulence genes, stx-phage insertion sites and antimicrobial resistance genes that may segregate strains circulating in the same geographic region. In silico analyses revealed that O157 isolates harboured the toxin subtypes stx1a and stx2a. Most cattle (76.0%) and clinical (76.4%) isolates carried the virulence gene combination of stx1, stx2, eae and hlyA. Characterization of stx1 and stx2-carrying phages in assembled contigs revealed that they were associated with mlrA and wrbA insertion sites, respectively. In cattle isolates, mlrA and wrbA insertion sites were occupied more often (77% and 79% isolates respectively) than in clinical isolates (38% and 1.6% isolates, respectively). Profiling of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the assembled contigs revealed that 8.8% of cattle (11/125) and 8.7% of clinical (11/127) isolates harboured ARGs. Eight antimicrobial resistance genes cassettes (ARCs) were identified in 14 isolates (cattle, n = 8 and clinical, n = 6) with streptomycin (aadA1, aadA2, ant(3’’)-Ia and aph(3’’)-Ib) being the most prevalent gene in ARCs. The profound disparity between the cattle and clinical strains in occupancy of the wrbA locus suggests that this trait may serve to differentiate cattle from human clinical STEC O157:H7. These findings are important for stx screening and stx-phage insertion site genotyping as well as monitoring ARGs in isolates from cattle and clinical samples.
Physiological and Growth Responses of Castor (Ricinus Communis L) Under Cadmium Stressed Environment

Cadmium (Cd) is considered as phytotoxic in nature, its toxicity on the plant development decrease the antioxidative enzymes activities under stress environment. Castor (Ricinus Communis L.) is a metal tolerant plant and its ability to survive in highly polluted soils. Castor plant exhibited the high level of the Cd stress in the soil and buildup the antioxidants i.e., super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and malondialdehyde (MAD) on the top of the ground parts under Cd stress. Castor plant grown in the treated soil for 30 days in various levels of Cd 0, 10, 25 and 50 mg kg-1 soil treatments. Stress caused by heavy metal toxicity effects on reduced the plant growth, biomass, of castor plant respectively under 25- 50 mg kg-1 stress as against to control treatment. Our results indicated that castor significantly enhanced the Cd contents in root, stem and leaves. The POD and SOD enzyme activities were significantly increased 215.30 µmol/g-1 and 53.20 U/g respectively under 50 mg kg-1 stress as against control. While, MAD and chlorophyll content 3.11% and 0.48%, proline content 2.23 to 1.75 µg-1 were decreased under 25 and 50 mg kg-1 Cd stress as against control. According to Pearson’s correlation the our research work exposed strongly positive relationship with root, shoot, proline and malionaldihyde. Although the destructive relationship was demonstrated by PoD and SOD enzyme activities. Hence, this study recommended that castor can grow in highly polluted soils for phytoremediation
EFFECT OF DIETARY LIVE YEAST (SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE) SUPPLEMENTATION ON SOME PRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND METHANE PRODUCTION OF LACTATING BUFFALOES UNDER HEAT STRESS

SUMMARY he aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of yeast supplementation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae MUCL 39885, Probio-Sacc®, Biochem, Lohne, Germany) on performance and methane production of dairy buffaloes under heat stress. Ten Egyptian lactating buffaloes with an average live body weight 585 ±30 kg, in their 3 rd or 4 th lactation seasons and at 90±10 days in milk were randomly assigned into two nutritional groups each of 5 animals. The first group served as a control (G1), while the second group (G2) was individually supplemented with 5 g probiotics per head per day. Each 1 g of Probio-Sacc® contained 1.5 x 10 10 CFU live Saccharomyces cerevisiae MUCL 39885.The experimental period lasted for 90 days. Experimental animals were housed in semi-opened pens under an ambient temperature and relative humidity ranged from 23.3 - 34.4 o C and 21.1 - 69.3 %, respectively and offered their daily requirements according to NRC (2001). Total milk yield (TMY), Milk fat content (MF), milk protein content (MP), Milk total solids (TS), Solids not fat (SNF), Lactose content (ML) and 7% fat corrected milk yield (FCMY) were measured in each group. Temperature humidity index (THI) values ranged from 77.31 to 80.41, indicating that experimental animals were under moderate to severe heat stress during the experimental period. Average total milk yield, (FCMY) and (MF) were higher ( P ≤0.05) in yeast group than the control. milk protein, milk ash, (ML), (TS) and (SNF) tended to be higher insignificantly in yeast supplemented group, but the effect was not significant. Meanwhile, somatic cell count was insignificantly lower in LY treated group than in the control group. Live yeast treatment had no significant effect on total methane production per day but reduced the methane production per kg milk production as compared with the control group. It can be concluded that live yeast supplementation ameliorated the effect of heat stress on buffalo milk production and composition, although it tended to increase methane production due to the increase in dietary dry matter intake. It improved buffaloes milk production, net revenue and animals feed efficiency through different climate changes, by reducing methane production per kg milk production.
Application Based on Artificial Intelligence in Substation Operation and Maintenance Management

To fulfill state grid Industry's demands for smart and digitized business growth, traditional technological approaches have fallen short. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology enables coming up with solutions because electricity business types and volumes are constantly expanding and developing. Intelligent automation was a part of China's smart grid development from the outset, and it continues to grow in the country's electricity system. Smart substation operations and maintenance could benefit from the use of this system. There are new technological tools and theoretical concepts for the repair and control of power equipment owing to AI's advancements in performance, accuracy, and self-learning capacity in the detection, forecasting, improvement, and judgment jobs. Substation operations and maintenance management are examined in this research using a new hybridized convolutional neural network and tweaked long short-term memory (HCNN-TLSTM) technique. Normalization is used to gather and preprocess the data immediately. Kernel-based linear discriminant analysis (K-LDA) is used to extract the features. A substation's functioning and maintenance can then be investigated using the new approach. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to improve the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the presented technique's performance is analyzed and compared with specific current models to achieve the largest performance in the proposed method for the management of substation operation and upkeep.
Direct Writing of Functional Layer by Selective Laser Sintering of Nanoparticles for Emerging Applications: A Review

Selective laser sintering of nanoparticles enables the direct and rapid formation of a functional layer even on heat-sensitive flexible and stretchable substrates, and is rising as a pioneering fabrication technology for future-oriented applications. To date, laser sintering has been successfully applied to various target nanomaterials including a wide range of metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles, and extensive investigation of relevant experimental schemes have not only reduced the minimum feature size but also have further expanded the scalability of the process. In the beginning, the selective laser sintering process was regarded as an alternative method to conventional manufacturing processes, but recent studies have shown that the unique characteristics of the laser-sintered layer may improve device performance or even enable novel functionalities which were not achievable using conventional fabrication techniques. In this regard, we summarize the current developmental status of the selective laser sintering technique for nanoparticles, affording special attention to recent emerging applications that adopt the laser sintering scheme.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Technological-Oriented Knowledge Management, Innovation, and E-Service Delivery in Smart Cities: Moderating Role of E-Governance

The fundamental goal of this research is to investigate the quantitative relationship between technology-oriented knowledge management, innovation, e-governance, and smart city performance using knowledge management-based service science theory and diffusion of innovation theory. Previous research has found a connection between knowledge management, innovation, e-governance, and e-service delivery. We believe these are not only direct connections but also contextual and interactive relationships, so we explored the significance of innovation as a mediator between knowledge management and e-service delivery. Furthermore, we investigated the moderating impact of e-governance on the relationship between innovation and e-service delivery. A survey questionnaire was administered to the population of public officers, entrepreneurs, and citizens, from metropolitan cities for data sampling, and SPSS was applied to analyze data of 569 participants collected from South Korea, Pakistan, Japan, and Bangladesh. We discovered from the analysis that the direct relationships are contextual because innovation mediates the relationship between knowledge management and e-service delivery, and e-governance plays a moderating role in the relationship between innovation and e-service delivery. Based on the outcomes from quantitative analysis, all our proposed hypotheses in this study were supported significantly.
Assessing the social well-being of children in Durban left behind by parents working outside the borders of South Africa

In recent times, South Africa has seen an increase in temporary migration of working mothers and fathers compared to previous years leaving their children behind regardless of age. Children are left in not so familiar environment to learn to cope without their parents. Young and middle-aged males and females are away from homes for periods from 6 months to 12 months or even more before their first home visit from seeking greener pastures and financial stability. The absence of parents has led to children encountering challenges that range from schoolwork, poor social adjustment, short-lived happiness, signs of loneliness even when amongst fellow children. Furthermore, children tend to assume adult responsibilities, thus protecting and defending younger siblings. Children left behind by migrating parents live in difficult conditions and are subjected to different challenges such as social instability, low education performance, psychological effects. This study aimed to assess the social well-being of children left behind by South African parents working outside the country. A qualitative exploratory study was undertaken using a non-probability sampling technique known as judgemental sampling. The target population for this study was all families that are taking care of children who have been left behind by parents seeking greener pastures outside the country. The sample size for this study was six families in the KwaZulu Natal province specifically in the Durban area. Data were analysed using NVIVO. The findings of this study showed that children face loneliness due to the absence of their parents. Due to the lack of parental care, they feel helpless because they cannot do as they wish. No parental support when it comes to school activities. The limitation of this study was that the sample size was small as such the findings cannot be applied beyond the current scope. Future research should be conducted across South Africa using a large sample size. Also, a comparative study should be undertaken to broaden the understanding of the problem.
Financial Leverage, Innovation and Cournot Output: Limited Liability Effect Under Demand Uncertainty

We address the strategic interdependence among capital structure, firm-level (process) innovation, and subsequent output decisions. In the backdrop of the limited liability effect, the interlinkage among financial and real variables is established through a three-stage game. The levered duopolist produces higher output and earns a larger profit than its unlevered counterpart. Even the industry output is higher when one of the duopolists is levered. However, if the levered duopolist undertakes investment in (process) innovation, then the debt-financed innovation induced output is larger than the innovation-led output of a completely equity financed firm. The levered innovative firm eventually becomes a monopolist by driving out the unlevered innovative duopolist. JEL Codes: D21, G32, L13, O31
All-trans Retinoic Acids Synergistically and Beneficially Affect In Vitro Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork (TM) Models Using 2D and 3D Cell Cultures of Human TM Cells

We report herein on the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells that were treated with transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2). In the presence of 5 ng/mL TGF-β2, the effects of ATRA on the following were observed: (1) the barrier function of the 2D HTM monolayers, as determined by trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran permeability measurements; (2) a Seahorse cellular bio-metabolism analysis; (3) physical properties, including the size and stiffness, of 3D spheroids; (4) the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, ECM modulators including tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tight junction (TJ)-related molecules, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress-related factors. ATRA significantly inhibited the TGF-β2-induced increase in the TEER values and FITC dextran permeability of the 2D monolayers, while an ATRA monotreatment induced similar effects as TGF-β2. A real-time metabolic analysis revealed that ATRA significantly inhibited the TGF-β2-induced shift in metabolic reserve from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in 2D HTM cells, whereas ATRA alone did not induce significant metabolic changes. In contrast, ATRA induced the formation of substantially downsized and softer 3D spheroids in the absence and presence of TGF-β2. The different effects induced by ATRA toward 2D and 3D HTM cells were also supported by the qPCR analysis of several proteins as above. The findings reported here indicate that ATRA may induce synergistic and beneficial effects on TGF-β2-treated 2D- and 3D-cultured HTM cells; those effects varied significantly between the 2D and 3D cultures.
Theory of the ultra-intense short-pulse laser interaction with under-dense plasma

A comprehensive theory is proposed to describe the propagation and absorption of ultra-intense, short laser pulse through the under-dense plasma. The kinetic aspects of plasma are fully incorporated using extensive particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. It is turned out that the plasma behavior is characterized by both its density and the ratio of the pulse length to the plasma wavelength. According to exact analyses and direct simulation evidences, at ultra-low densities the laser pulse is adiabatically depleted (absorbed) by the wake excitation. And the depletion is accompanied by the overall radiation red-shift. At these densities, for pulse lengths larger than the plasma wavelength the Raman type scatterings also occur without causing instability. When the plasma density grows toward the critical density, a completely new regime appears with the main character of highly unsteady light propagation. Here, based on analyses and simulations, the radiation pressure induced wave breaking (RPIWB) heavily destroys the oscillatory structure of the electron wave behind the first plasma period. On the other hand, the electron density profile induced by the ponderomotive force ahead of the pulse begins to steepen and eventually acts as a flying mirror. As a result, the pulse becomes bake scattered and its penetration becomes limited. The radiation pressure of reflecting pulse sustains a longitudinal electric field which accelerates electrons produced via RPIWB causing the plasma to undergo volumetric heating. Mostly important, based on a newly proposed model it is shown that the interaction becomes saturated at a definite time and that the overall absorption and plasma heating are directly related to this time. Also it is found that the saturation time decreases by a factor of ( , and are initial electron density, critical density and initial laser gamma factor).
A Brain-Inspired Model of Hippocampal Spatial Cognition Based on a Memory-Replay Mechanism

Since the hippocampus plays an important role in memory and spatial cognition, the study of spatial computation models inspired by the hippocampus has attracted much attention. This study relies mainly on reward signals for learning environments and planning paths. As reward signals in a complex or large-scale environment attenuate sharply, the spatial cognition and path planning performance of such models will decrease clearly as a result. Aiming to solve this problem, we present a brain-inspired mechanism, a Memory-Replay Mechanism, that is inspired by the reactivation function of place cells in the hippocampus. We classify the path memory according to the reward information and find the overlapping place cells in different categories of path memory to segment and reconstruct the memory to form a “virtual path”, replaying the memory by associating the reward information. We conducted a series of navigation experiments in a simple environment called a Morris water maze (MWM) and in a complex environment, and we compared our model with a reinforcement learning model and other brain-inspired models. The experimental results show that under the same conditions, our model has a higher rate of environmental exploration and more stable signal transmission, and the average reward obtained under stable conditions was 14.12% higher than RL with random-experience replay. Our model also shows good performance in complex maze environments where signals are easily attenuated. Moreover, the performance of our model at bifurcations is consistent with neurophysiological studies.
The Role of N-Acetyl Cysteine in Ameliorating Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic and a quinone-containing chemotherapeutic drug used for various types of solid and hematological cancers. However, it causes many toxic side effects, including cardiac, renal, hematological, and testicular. The current study investigated the prophylactic and ameliorative effect of n-acetylcysteine (NAC) against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in albino rats. Sixty rats were divided into six groups. Negative Control group: rats received food pellets and tap water ad libitum. NAC treated (positive control) group: rats received NAC (400 mg/kg/p.o.) Every other day for 28 days. DOX-treated group: rats received DOX (5 mg/kg, i.p.) for four weeks on days 1, 7, 14 and 21. NAC pretreated group: rats received NAC (400 mg/kg/p.o.) every other day one week earlier and then along with DOX (5 mg/kg/ i.p.) for the next four weeks on days 1, 7, 14 and 21). NAC1+DOX treated group : rats received NAC (400 mg/kg/ p.o.) every other day started at the first day of the experiment till the end of the experiment and DOX (5 mg/kg/ i.p.) for four weeks on day 1, 7, 14 and 21. NAC2+DOX treated group: rats received NAC (800 mg/kg, p.o.) every other day started at the first day of the experiment till the end of the experiment and DOX (5 mg/kg, i.p.) for four weeks on day 1, 7, 14 and 21. The present results showed a significant increase in the serum levels of LDH, CK-MB, CTn-I, plasma level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Whilst, plasma level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and Erythrocyte lysate level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly decreased. Moreover, there were histopathological abnormalities in the cardiac tissue of DOX-treated rats, was recognized by disrupted cardiac muscle fibers and foci of degeneration of the myocardium. The present study demonstrated that NAC has a cardioprotective effect on the cardiac damage induced by DOX, through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress. This cardio protective effect was more pronounced in both NAC pre-treated and concurrent (NAC1+DOX & NAC2+DOX), as it produced a significant increase in GSH and GSH-Px levels, a significant decrease in MDA, LDH, CK-MB, and CTn-I, and more improvement in the histopathological abnormalities, without a significant difference either between NAC pre- treated & concurrent groups or between groups of concurrent one (NAC1+DOX & NAC2+DOX).
Multi-Phase Dusty Gas in the Center of NGC 4278

We present the Spitzer spectroscopic mapping observations toward the central kpc region of the nearby elliptical LINER galaxy, NGC 4278, by using the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS). These observations reveal rich mid-IR emission features of extended ionized gas, warm molecular hydrogen and dust. Different phases of gas and dust are closely related and belong to a same elongated feature. We further study properties of multi-phase dusty gas to uncover the underlying mechanism of ionization and excitation. The band ratio and intensity of PAH features in the central region might reflect modified size distribution resulted from selective destruction. H$_{2}$ S(0)-S(7) pure rotational lines of molecular hydrogen show excessive intensity and moderately high excitation temperature comparing with photon dissociation region (PDR). A strong and extended [SiII] emission line is detected, which could be a sign of reduced depletion of silicon in interstellar dust. We also discover an extended high ionization region associated with enhanced H$_{2}$ S(1) emission. We conclude that a shock-heating component is required to account for observed emission characteristics, which could be triggered by cloud-cloud interactions during accretion of cold gas from the large HI disk.
The Effect of Lean Accounting Implementation on Organizational Performance

This study aims to examine the effect of lean accounting implementation on organizational performance through the mediating effect of strategic decision-making and continuous improvement. Five hundred and five executives in the medical device manufacturing industry's organization were chosen as the sample, and the data were collected. The results of the structural equation model (SEM) of the analysis model's fit index of conceptual model are indicated by the index examining the absolute quality of fit measure. Additionally, the results of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis and path coefficients and hypothesis testing show that lean accounting implementation plays a positive, significant role in determining and driving strategic decision-making and continuous improvement. Strategic decision-making and continuous improvement positively affect organizational performance. Therefore, firms with lean manufacturing must focus lean accounting to lead to information for decision making and revenue improvement and to increase the profit for firms.