Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Species of Colletotrichum and Phoma

During the course of my investigations in the Salt Lake Valley, I have found many clover fields in which the stems and petioles of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.) were infected with a Colletotrichum which does not agree in its characteristics with Colletotrichumn Trifolii Bain. However, in many respects the characters of the disease are similar to those of Colletotrichumn Trifolii as described by Bain and Essary.1 The clover plants seem to be most frequently attacked at or near the ground, although it has been noted that the attack may also occur just beneath a cluster of blossoms. As a rule, one's attention is called to the sudden dying of a cluster of blossoms. The petioles and stipules are also attacked. Specimens of diseased plants were sent to Mrs. F. W. Patterson, mycologist of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, at Washington, D. C. , and also to Professor S. M. Bain of the University of Tennessee. Reports from both sources indicate that the disease of red clover and alsike clover as found in the Salt Lake
Effects of Various Fibrolytic Enzyme Extracts on Digestibility and Productive Performance of Lambs Fed a Forage-Based Diet#

Three fibrolytic enzyme extracts were evaluated for their effects on lamb growth and feed digestibility, using diets containing 60% forage. Twenty Pelibuey lambs (26.14 kg average initial weight) were randomly assigned to a control or to one of three enzyme treatments. Enzymes were added to feed as follows: Control (0 mL kg−1 DM), Trichoderma longibrachiatum commercial extract (3.5 mL kg−1 DM), Fomes fomentarius extract (21.1 mL kg−1 DM) and Cellulomonas flavigena extract (2.47 mL kg−1 DM). There were no effects of fibrolytic enzyme extracts on the final weight of lambs or on dry matter intake, but daily weight gain and feed efficiency were negatively affected (P<0.05) by Cellulomonas flavigena extract. The addition of enzyme extracts increased (P<0.05) the percentage of butyrate in rumen fluid. The DM digestibility was negatively affected by C. flavigena extract. There were no beneficial effects of fibrolytic enzyme extracts on feed digestibility or productive performance of lambs.
Conservatism, Covenants, and Recovery Rates

We hypothesize and provide evidence that accounting conservatism and accounting-based debt covenants increase implied recovery rates by preserving the firm’s fungible economic assets at levels sufficient to support recovery by debtholders. We employ Das & Hanouna’s (2009) approach to jointly estimate implied default and recovery rates from CDS spreads, implied stock return volatilities, and stock prices. Controlling for known determinants of recovery rates documented in the prior literature, we predict and find that implied recovery rates increase with the combination of conservatism and covenants, and that these results are stronger for riskier firms, when conservatism is conditional rather than unconditional, for capital rather than performance covenants, when accounting information is less contractible, and for bonds rather than loans.
Water-Loss Rate and Cuticular Permeability in Foragers of the Desert Ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus

Although water-loss rates and cuticular permeabilities have been investigated in several xeric arthropods, they are little known in ants, which are abundant and ecologically important in many arid regions. We report here the water-loss characteristics of Pogonomyrmex rugosus foragers; this harvester ant species (mean mass ca. 15 mg) is widespread in the deserts of the southwestern United States. Cuticular permeability at 25° C was 11. 6μgH₂O cm−2 Torr−1 h−1, less than half the value calculated from published data for mesic ants. Cuticular permeability rose approximately exponentially with temperature, without a sharp transition point, and was not afected irreversibly by brief exposure to temperatures up to 60° C. Mean body water content was 65.9% of live body mass. Ants lost coordination at a body water content of 4.88 mg. This value did not scale with body mass. A predictive model is developed that allows the water balance and maximum exposure time of P. rugosus foragers to be calculated from environmental variables. Such models may aid in evaluating the physiological constraints imposed by the environment on foraging behavior.
Clonal integration of Fragaria orientalis driven by contrasting water availability between adjacent patches

Experimental studies have shown that clonal plants can reciprocally translocate resources between interconnected ramets in heterogeneous environments. Resource contrast between patches in heterogeneous environments is the main external driver of integration effects. It was hypothesized that translocation of water between interconnected ramets was enhanced under higher levels of contrasts in water availability. A pot experiment with clonal fragments consisting of two interconnected ramets of F orientalis-a stoloniferous herb widely distributed in China-was conducted. In the experiment, each of the ramets of the clonal fragments was allocated to either a high or low water treatment. The rat-nets in the high water treatment were maintained at 90% field capacity while those in the low water treatment were maintained at 90, 60 and 30% field capacity, respectively. The ramet developmental stage (proximal or distal from mother rosette) was accounted for by allocating either proximal or distal ramets in the contrasting patches. In order to assess the role of physiological integration among ramets, the stolon was severed for half of the clonal fragments. Stolon severing and drought stress had significant effects on plant performance, which increased with the increase of contrast. However, the directionality of stressed ramets had no influence on most treatments. Based on performance measures, a cost-benefit analysis showed that the dry ramets benefited from clonal integration at the cost of the connected wet ramets. The results indicated that this clonal species is able to withstand soil-water heterogeneity through physiological integration, which is promoted under increasing levels of water contrast. Our results suggest that clonal plants might be suitable for vegetation restoration in dry areas due to superior survival strategies.
S2048679020000245jra 1..5

Individuals with obesity tend to perform less well than their non-obese peers in tertiary education, but there is little evidence from non-Western countries and recent studies. The present study aimed to test whether academic attainment differed between female undergraduates with obesity (defined by body mass index (BMI)), and those who were non-obese in Kuwait, a country with very high obesity prevalence. In 400 female Kuwaiti firstand second-year Social Science students (mean age 18⋅0, SD 0⋅6 years), educational attainment was defined as the Grade Point Average (GPA) across all subjects (from 1⋅00 to 4⋅00). The mean GPA (2⋅51, SD 0⋅53) among students defined as obese by the BMI (n 163) was significantly lower than among the students defined as non-obese by the BMI (n 237; 2⋅80, SD 0⋅63; P< 0⋅001), and those defined as obese were more likely to be in the lowest quartile for the GPA (OR 3⋅03; 95% CI 1⋅90, 4⋅85), independent of socio-economic status. Similar differences were observed between students defined as having high versus normal body fatness. Female undergraduates in Kuwait with obesity have lower academic attainment than their non-obese peers, and universities should consider measures to mitigate reduced attainment among their female undergraduates.
Feed intake, growth and carcass parameters of swine consuming diets containing low levels of deoxynivalenol from naturally contaminated barley

The ubiquitous nature of deoxynivalenol (DON) in the eastern prairie region of Canada necessitates the development of strategies to enhance the utilization of affected grains by swine producers. To this end, an experiment was designed to determined the impact of low levels of DON on feed intake and growth of swine. 144 Cotswold pigs (initial weight = 23.4 kg ± 0.3 SE) were assigned to receive diets containing either 0, 1 or 2 ppm DON in the final feed (four pens, each containing six barrows and six gilts, per treatment). The final DON contents of the diets were derived by diluting DON-contaminated barley (DON = 4.9 ppm) with DON-free barley. Diets were formulated to provide a minimum of 13.4 MJ kg-1 digestible energy (DE) and 0.81% total lysine, and the same diets were used throughout the grow-finish period. Feed intake (per pen basis; kg d-1), body weight gains (kg d-1) and feed conversion were measured on a weekly basis. Pigs were slaughtered at approximately 110 kg and indices of carcass merit collecte.
Virus-induced PpCHLH gene silencing in peach leaves (Prunus persica)

Summary Compared with other model plants or crops, studies on the molecular biology of fruit trees have lagged behind due to technical difficulties in gene transformation and manipulation. Therefore, developing an efficient system for gene manipulation is of particular significance in fruit trees. Here, we report on a method for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) by syringe-infiltrating a tobacco rattle virus (TRV) vector containing a specific target gene sequence into peach (Prunus persica) leaves to analyse gene function. The target gene (PpCHLH) was a 4,445 bp sequence encoding the H subunit of magnesium chelatase and was first cloned as a cDNA. This gene (PpCHLH) is reported to be related to chlorophyll biosynthesis, and any loss of function leads to a decrease in chlorophyll content, with concomitant yellow or white colour changes in the leaves. To silence the PpCHLH gene, a 1:1 mixture of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 cultures containing pTRV1 or a pTRV2 vector construct with a 650 bp cDNA fragment of the PpCHLH gene was infiltrated into leaves of 4 – 5 week-old peach seedlings. After 15 d, the inoculated areas of the green leaves faded and finally turned yellow or white. Loss of PpCHLH gene function was confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, real-time qRT-PCR, and siRNA northern blot analysis. The virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique developed here could be used for further molecular studies on fruit trees.
A new Petracola and re-description of P. ventrimaculatus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)

We describe Petracola waka sp. nov. and re-describe the poorly known P. ventrimaculatus, both high-Andean gymnophthalmids from northern Peru. The new species is diagnosed by gracile habitus, smooth dorsal scales, an anterior superciliary that extends onto the dorsum, absence of loreal, three genials, 36–49 transverse dorsal scale rows, 23–28 transverse ventral scale rows, 0–7 femoral pores, absence of subocular-labial fusion, and a color pattern consisting of dark spots or fine lines or bands on a pale brown background. Petracola waka is known from the middle Rio Maranon and CajamaraCajabamba basin (Rio Crisnejos drainage) from small isolated syngamic systems at 2650–2900 m and is parapatrically distributed with respect to P. ventrimaculatus, which occurs at higher elevations.
Kaolin in the diet and its effects on performance, litter moisture and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of kaolin in the diet on performance, litter moisture and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Four hundred ninety-two broiler chickens distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replicates of 41 birds each, divided into three periods (15-21; 22-34; 35-52 days) were used. The following treatments were: Control - reference diet without added kaolin; treatment 1 - reference diet + 0.75% kaolin; Treatment 2 - reference diet + 1.5% kaolin. The variables analyzed were: feed intake, average weight, average weight gain, feed conversion, litter moisture, villus height and crypt depth. The inclusion of kaolin in the diet significantly reduced feed intake, increased weight and average weight gain and improved feed conversion of broilers. The litter moisture decreased significantly after the inclusion of kaolin in the diet. The height of the duodenal villi of broilers increased significantly after inclusion of kaolin, while crypt depth was not influenced. The inclusion 0.75% of kaolin in the diet improved the performance, decreased litter moisture and benefited the intestinal integrity of broilers.
A study of EGFR mutation in nonsmoker NSCLC: Striking disparity between north and south India patients.

e18041 Background: There is a high incidence of EGFR mutation in non-smokers with adenocarcinoma of lung- 70% the south-east Asia and 15% in Caucasians. There is no study in an Indian population yet. Methods: 55 cases of non smoker advanced adenocarcinoma of lung were enrolled in this study after June, 2008 in a retrospective fashion. 26 patients were enrolled from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi in North India and 29 from HCG, Bangalore in South India. Assessment of mutation status was possible in 49 cases. ARMS technique was used to study the EGFR mutation. Results: A total 27 out of 49 cases were positive for EGFR mutation – 7/21 (33%) from North India and 20/28 (65%) from South India. The commonest mutation was del exon 19 (62%), followed by L858R exon 21 (25%), G719X exon 18 (7%) and insertion exon 20 (3%). Patients were treated either with gefitinib or chemotherapy. 8/12 (83%) patients treated with gefitinib upfront responded. Overall survival (OS) was not reached at a follow up of 11 months in EGFR m.
GREENWASHING BEHAVIOURS: CAUSES, TAXONOMY AND CONSEQUENCES BASED ON A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

This study used the systematic review methodology to examine peer-reviewed journal articles published in the Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Springer and Emerald Insight during the 2000–2020 period to analyse greenwashing. In an open market, the behaviours of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), private firms and multinational corporations (MNCs) pose an implicit greenwashing threat. Our focal point is to analyse corporate greenwashing in MNCs in host emerging markets, particularly in Asia, for two reasons. First, reports of greenwashing have increased around the world since Volkswagen was revealed to have falsified automobile emissions data. Second, MNCs play an important role in expanding market size and their behaviour is increasingly unpredictable. The analysis shows that MNCs tend to engage in greenwashing immediately after doing business in host emerging markets characterised by restricted regulations, clear market opportunities and low competitive pressure. When greenwashing occurs, it will harm the interests of not only consumers, but also society as a whole, despite offering significant benefits to existing stakeholders. In this case, the authorities should implement regulations to confront MNCs before attracting them, which should be enforced in practice.
Elucidation of Acrylamide Genotoxicity and Neurotoxicty and the Protective Role of Gallic Acid and Green Tea

Elucidation of Acrylamide Genotoxicity and Neurotoxicty and the Protective Role of Gallic Acid and Green Tea Objective : Acrylamide is a chemical compound used in many technological applications and can be formed naturally when foods, especially those are rich in sugars and low in protein cooked at high temperatures during (e.g., frying, grilling , baking or toasting ) . It has several harmful health effects including neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity. Humans have chronic contact with acrylamide through eating, e.g., fried potato chips and/or French fries; cereal products, including bread, breakfast cereals, cakes and biscuits; as well as, roasted coffee and probably also from smoking. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of gallic acid and green tea on brain damage induced by acrylamide in rats. Material and Methods: Biochemical analysis using antioxidant enzymes as a markers of toxicity , molecular study using comet assay indicating DNA degenerative effect and histopatological examination of brain tissue . Results: Acrylamide caused a significant decrease in serum butyryl cholinesterase , lactate dehydrogenase , glutathione-S-transferase , glutathione peroxidase , superoxide dismutase and catalase activities while malonaldehyde content was significantly increased, Comet assay revealed that acrylamide caused DNA degeneration in brain, While histopathological studies showed moderate to marked changes in brain tissue by acrylamide . Conclusion : All these findings greatly indicating the genotoxic and neurotoxic effect of acrylamide that improved by treatment with gallic acid or green tea.
DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN THE CONTENT OF SELECTED ANTHOCYANINS DURING THE PROCESSING OF GRAIN OF THE SCORPION WHEAT VARIETY

The aim of this study was to monitor the dynamics of the changes in the content of selected anthocyanins in the processing of the blue-grain Scorpion wheat variety for food. Nine selected anthocyanins were monitored by high performance liquid chromatography and their content determined in wholemeal flour, bran, and soft flour. To determine the content of individual anthocyanins and their degradation rates during grain processing to the final product, wholemeal flour was used to bake products. The dominant anthocyanin was found to be delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside in wholemeal flour (12.75 μg/g) and in bran (43.69 μg/g). The content of the most common anthocyanins in wholemeal flour, including the dominant delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, dropped quickly to 2.59 μg/g during processing to wholemeal bakery products.
Examining the Effect of Knowledge Acquisition and Information Distribution on Employees’ Performance in Classified Hospitality Firms in Kenya

Performance at employees’ level is critical to the overall performance of the organization since employees have the first sight of service and product delivery. Knowledge acquisition and information distribution have been acknowledged in literature as fundamental constructs of organizational learning with significant impact on performance. However, most studies have focused on performance at organizational level with limited attention to employees’ performance. Empirical literature is inconclusive on the effect of knowledge acquisition and information distribution on employees’ performance in different contexts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of knowledge acquisition and information distribution on employees’ performance in the hospitality sector in Kenya. Using purposive and stratified random sampling, a sample of 225 respondents was selected from 75 classified hospitality firms in Kenya. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using multiple regression and correlation analyses. The results indicated that knowledge acquisition and information distribution were significantly positively correlated with employees’ performance and had higher effect on employees’ performance dimensions of service delivery and efficiency. The findings underscore the significance of acquiring new knowledge, exploiting the existing knowledge, sharing knowledge and distributing information to improve service delivery and efficiency in the hospitality sector The findings emphasis the need to align new knowledge to firm’s strategy and processes in order to enhance impact on employees’ performance.
Prevalence of Hepatitis Infection in Relation to Education and Occupational Status of Patients Attending Primary Health Care Clinics in Taraba North Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria

to cirrhosis and liver cancer and at last death (Mbaawuaga et al ., 2008). Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by hepatitis C Abstract: Investigations were carried out to ascertain the prevalence of hepatitis A, B and C infections in relation to education and occupational status of patients attending primary health care clinics in Taraba North Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria. Blood Samples were aseptically collected from 383 consented individuals with 128 samples collected from each of the 3 local Government areas (Ardo-Kola, Jalingo and Yorro LGA), samples were examined using rapid qualitative diagnostic tests method to screen for Hepatitis A, B and C viruses by the detection of viral markers in the blood. Risk factors relating to hepatitis were obtained using a questionnaire. Results showed that viral hepatitis A did not show significant statistical association (P>0.05). However seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C surface antigen differed significantly (P<0.05). In this study, those without education (non – literate) were mostly affected with HCV with a percentage value of 13.8%. A higher prevalence of 10.8% for HBV was recorded among those with secondary school education, and highest prevalence of 12.3% was recorded for both HBV and HCV in post – secondary school education. In occupational status, farmers were worst hit with HVC infection (11.6%). It was established from findings of this study that prevalence of viral hepatitis C and B pose serious health concern in the study area. Therefore, emphasis on awareness and immunization by appropriate authorities should be encouraged to reduce spread of infection.
Validation of Persian Translation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale Using Rasch Model

This study subjected the Intercultural Sensitivity scale consisting of 24 items to Rasch analysis in a sample of 200 participants. The scale was translated into Persian and administered to graduate and undergraduate university students. Analysis of data showed that there were no misfitting items. Furthermore, no item manifested gender differential item functioning (DIF). All the thresholds were ordered and respondents could distinguish well between categories of the scale. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) of standardized residuals revealed that there were two contrasts with eigenvalues above two. Deleting positively and negatively loading items separately did not improve model fit. Thus, the content of items was investigated and it became clear that most of the positively loading items covered those items which have negative content and conversely, negatively loading items encompassed the items which have positive content. This brings about two psychometric dimensions in this scale. 1) Wording of the items revealed that the existence of items with negative wording in the scale results in statistical artifacts, and 2) The secondary dimension here could be interpreted to be an artifact of the wording. It was concluded that the scale is unidimensional and enjoys acceptable psychometric properties.