Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional characteristics of sea urchin (Diadema setosum) in Bungus, West Sumatera Province

Sea urchin is a food that has high nutrition for consumption and sale. Utilization of the gonad Diadema setosum as a food ingredient because it has high nutritional value, such as food additives, fermented products, and body health. Sea urchin gonad components consist of amino acids that are beneficial in various fields of health, especially in increasing the immune system. This study aims to obtain the value of the proportion and chemical composition of sea urchins gonad. The research method consisted of two stages, namely: 1) Preparation of sea urchin gonadal flour and 2) Proximate analysis of sea urchins gonad. Parameters observed consisted of morphology, proportion of sea urchins, and proximate sea urchins. The results showed that 7 cm diameter sea urchins had a proportion value of 11.11% shell and 4.44% gonad. The chemical composition of sea urchins gonad is moisture content 74.54%, ash content 17.44% (db), protein content 58.96% (db), fat content 20.31% (db), and carbohydrates 3.30% (db).
Multiple positive solutions of boundary value problems for second-order discrete equations on the half-line

In this paper, we study the existence of multiple positive solutions of boundary value problems for second-order discrete equations Δ2 x(n − 1) − pΔx(n − 1) − qx(n − 1)+f(n, x(n)) = 0, n ∈ {1,2,…}, αx(0) − βΔx(0) = 0, x(∞) = 0. The proofs are based on the fixed point theorem in Fréchet space (see Agarwal and O'Regan, 2001, Cone compression and expansion and fixed point theorems in Fréchet spaces with application, Journal of Differential Equations, 171, 412–42).
An experimental investigation of turbulent stratified shearing flow

Some experiments are described in which steady-state shearing flows are developed in stratified brine solutions contained in a cyclically continuous tank of rectangular cross-section. Over the range of overall Richardson numbers studied, the results suggest that whenever turbulent layers are present on either side of a region of fluid with a gravitationally stable density gradient, they cause erosion of this region to occur. The erosion leads to the formation of two homogeneous layers separated by a thin layer of strong density and velocity gradients. The gradient Richardson number, computed by using the velocity and density gradients in this transition layer, tends to have a value of order one. If we define an overall Richardson number Ri* by averaging the velocity and density gradients over the entire depth of fluid in the tank, we find that the non- dimensional buoyancy flux, Q, is functionally related to Ri* by an equation of the form Q = C1(Ri*)−1 where C1 is a constant, approximately, and Ri* ranges in value between one and thirty. To check the effect of a large variation of the molecular diffusivity coefficient on flow conditions, we ran a limited number of experiments with thermally stratified fluid. Over a restricted range, 1·0 < Ri* < 5·0, velocity profiles very similar to those measured in the brine-stratified experiments at like values of Ri* were obtained. This suggests that the coefficient of molecular diffusion is not an important parameter in either type of experiment. Other experiments, made in the same apparatus, describe the entrainment by a turbulent, homogeneous layer of an initially quiescent layer of fluid with a linear density gradient. The depth of the turbulent layer, D, increases with time, t, according to the relation. \[ D^3\propto t. \] This result is consistent with that found by Kato & Phillips (1969), although the turbulent layer in the present experiment is generated in a different manner.
Cooperative Galaxy Formation and Large-Scale Structure

We consider a model in which galaxy formation occurs at high peaks of the mass density field, as in the standard picture for biased galaxy formation, but is further enhanced by the presence of nearby galaxies. This modification is accomplished by assuming the threshold for galaxy formation to be modulated by large-scale density fluctuations rather than to be spatially invariant. We show that even a weak modulation can produce significant large-scale clustering. In a universe dominated by cold dark matter, a 2%-3% modulation on a scale exceeding 10 h −1 Mpc produces enough additional clustering to fit the angular correlation function of the APM galaxy survey
Verification of General Circulation Models Applied to the Hamburg University GCM. Part I: Test of Individual Climate States

Abstract One objective of general circulation models is to simulate, e.g., a “January” which is not distinguishable from observed Januaries. A strategy to verify an individual simulated state is proposed. Its main elements are: data compression by means of EOFS, performance of a multivariate parametric test, and a subsequent univariate analysis. The suggested technique is applied to four January simulations perforated with the Hamburg University GCM. The meteorological parameters treated are the zonally averaged January mean of the geopotential itself and of the intensity of transient and stationary eddies of geopotential height at 300, 500 and 8 50 mb. The comparison is based on daily observations from 15 Januaries (1967–81). It turns out that the midlatitudinal meridional gradient of geopotential height is significantly overestimated at all levels. The intensity of the transient eddies is significantly overestimated at 850 mb at practically all latitudes and at 300 and 500 mb at midlatitudes.
Mediated Effects with the Parallel Process Latent Growth Model: An Evaluation of Methods for Testing Mediation in the Presence of Nonnormal Data

This Monte Carlo simulation study investigated the impact of nonnormality on estimating and testing mediated effects with the parallel process latent growth model and 3 popular methods for testing the mediated effect (i.e., Sobel’s test, the asymmetric confidence limits, and the bias-corrected bootstrap). It was found that nonnormality had little effect on the estimates of the mediated effect, standard errors, empirical Type I error, and power rates in most conditions. In terms of empirical Type I error and power rates, the bias-corrected bootstrap performed best. Sobel’s test produced very conservative Type I error rates when the estimated mediated effect and standard error had a relationship, but when the relationship was weak or did not exist, the Type I error was closer to the nominal . 05 value.
Intercellular communication during yeast cell growth

An experiment has been performed that has shown the existence of cellular communication between optically coupled cultures which are chemically separate. The experiment used for the cellular culture the temperature-sensitive mutant yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The novelty of this experiment lies in the simplicity of the experimental protocol and in the reasonably high statistic significance of the obtained results.
Complexes and Diffrerential Graded Modules

The main topic of the thesis is the generalization of some traditional module-theoretic homological applications to complexes of modules and to differential graded modules over differential graded rings. We introduce three possible generalizations of the classical notion of annihilator of an R-module. For linear functors D (R) -> D (R), preserving the triangulation, certain inclusion results for these annihilators are obtained. We study ascent and descent of Gorenstein and Cohen-Macaulay properties along a local homomorphism f:R -> S in the presence of a finite S-module which is of finite flat dimension over R thus generalizing the concept of homomorhism of finite flat dimension introduced by Luchezar Avramov and Hans-Bjorn Foxby. The two approaches of the classical homological algebra to homological dimensions (the resolutional approach and the functorial one) give rise to different invariants in the category of differential graded modules over a differential graded ring. We study this dichotomy and establish the simultaneous finiteness of the resolutional and the functorial flat dimension in one special case. We also generalize the notion of the canonical module of a Cohen-Macaulay ring to the case of a genuine differential graded ring. (Less)
A note on the viscous diffusion of rolled vortex sheets

It is well known that vortex sheets are diffused by viscosity. For a plane sheet this diffusion is described by a linear diffusion equation. Here we consider a rolled vortex sheet, and show that the viscous diffusion of the vorticity concentrated at the turns of the sheet, when they are very closely spaced, can also be described by a linear equation, in appropriately transformed variables.
Incipient velocity for partially submerged vehicles in floodwaters

Vehicles parking in urban areas can often cause various hazards to people and buildings when they are swept away by flash floods. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the appropriate criteria of vehicle stability in floodwaters. Different forces acting on partially submerged vehicles have been analysed, with a mechanics-based formula of incipient velocity being derived. Experiments were conducted to obtain the conditions of water depth and corresponding velocity at the threshold of vehicle instability for three typical types of die-cast model vehicles. The data were used to determine two key parameters. Incipient velocities for partially submerged prototype vehicles in floodwaters were estimated using two different approaches, including the predictions using the scale ratios and computations based on the formula. These critical conditions using the scale ratios compare well with the calculations using the derived formula, and the derived formula was also validated by the visually-observed data of swept vehicles in flash floods.
Linear canonical transform sampling: analysis

A new sampling criterion for the linear canonical transform (LCT) was recently proposed by the authors. This criterion was based on an analysis of the consequences of sampling the LCT of a discrete signal. Previous LCT sampling work in the literature considered only sampling the LCT of continuous, band limited signals. This analysis has great significance for numerical simulations of first order optical systems using the LCT, as these simulations must necessarily consider a sampled input function, and evaluate only a sampled output function. It is also significant for the analysis of periodic structures such as gratings. We present a review of this new sampling criterion and the associated analysis. We clarifying its meaning and consider its applications. In particular, we consider the consequences of the analysis for fast LCT algorithms, and for the use of the discrete Fresnel transform in digital holography. We conclude that the spectral method of calculating Fresnel transforms may benefit greatly from recent advances to LCT sampling theory.
Nanocrystal Preparation of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs with Low Metal Contamination Using Optimized Bead-Milling Technology

Nanocrystal preparation using bead milling is an important technology to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, there are safety concerns regarding the metal contaminants generated during bead milling. We have previously reported optimized bead-milling parameters that could minimize metal contamination and demonstrated comparable performance to NanoCrystal®, a world-leading contamination-free technology. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of optimized milling parameters for preparing nanocrystals of several poorly water-soluble drugs exhibiting various physicochemical properties. Using our optimized bead-milling parameters, we found that all the tested drugs could be ground into nanosized particles within 360 min. Notably, fenofibrate, which has a low melting point, could be ground into nanosized particles owing to the low level of heat generated during bead milling. Additionally, the concentration of metal contaminants in all the drugs prepared using the optimized milling parameters were approximately ten to twentyfold lower than those prepared without the optimized parameters and were comparable to those prepared using polycarbonate beads, known to minimize metal contamination during bead milling. Our results provide insights into the development of drug nanocrystals with low metal contamination using bead milling.
Analysis of Idealized Tropical Cyclone Simulations Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model: Sensitivity to Turbulence Parameterization and Grid Spacing

Abstract The Weather Research and Forecasting Advanced Research Model (WRF-ARW) was used to perform idealized tropical cyclone (TC) simulations, with domains of 36-, 12-, and 4-km horizontal grid spacing. Tests were conducted to determine the sensitivity of TC intensity to the available surface layer (SL) and planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations, including the Yonsei University (YSU) and Mellor–Yamada–Janjic (MYJ) schemes, and to horizontal grid spacing. Simulations were run until a quasi-steady TC intensity was attained. Differences in minimum central pressure (Pmin) of up to 35 hPa and maximum 10-m wind (V10max) differences of up to 30 m s−1 were present between a convection-resolving nested domain with 4-km grid spacing and a parent domain with cumulus parameterization and 36-km grid spacing. Simulations using 4-km grid spacing are the most intense, with the maximum intensity falling close to empirical estimates of maximum TC intensity. Sensitivity to SL and PBL parameterization also exists.
Gelatin from Saithe (Pollachius virens) Skin: Biochemical Characterization and Oxidative Stability in O/W Emulsions

This study performed the extraction of gelatin from saithe (Pollachius virens) skin and compared it to commercial marine gelatin. As a first stage, we investigated the physicochemical and biochemical properties of the gelatin. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the presence of α-chains, β-chains, and other high-molecular-weight aggregates. DSC thermograms showed typical gelatin behavior, while the FTIR spectra were mainly situated in the amide band region (amide A, amide B, amide I, amide II, and amide III). In the second stage, we produced O/W emulsions and analyzed their physical and oxidative stability over 9 days. Oil droplets stabilized with the gelatins obtained from saithe fish skin had a size of ~500 nm and a ζ-potential ~+25 mV, which is comparable to oil droplets stabilized with commercial gelatin products. Moreover, the oxidative stability of the emulsions stabilized with gelatin from saithe fish skin showed promising results in terms of preventing the formation of some volatile compounds towards the end of the storage period compared to when using the commercial gelatins. This study indicates the potential application of fish skin gelatin in the fields of food and cosmetics, as well as suggesting that further investigations of their techno-functional properties.
Hemolytic parasites affect survival in migrating red-tailed hawks

Abstract Migrating birds face a myriad of hazards, including higher exposure to parasites and numerous competing energy demands. It follows that migration may act as a selective filter and limit population growth. Understanding how individual-level physiological condition and disease status scale up to population dynamics through differential survival of individuals is necessary to identify threats and management interventions for migratory populations, many of which face increasing conservation challenges. However, linking individual physiological condition, parasite infection status and survival can be difficult. We examined the relationship among two measures of physiological condition [scaled-mass index and heterophil/leukocyte (H/L) ratio], hematozoa (i.e. hemoparasites) presence and abundance, and constitutive immunity in 353 autumn migrating red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis calurus) from 2004 to 2018. Hematazoa (i.e. Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) were in the blood smears from 139 red-tailed hawks (39.4%). H/L ratio decreased with scaled-mass index. Adults had a significantly higher H/L ratio than juveniles. Our two measures of immune defences, hemolytic-complement activity and bacteria-killing ability, were highly positively correlated. Our most notable finding was a negative relationship between Haemoproteus parasitemia and survival (i.e. documented individual mortality), indicating that haemosporidian parasites influence survival during a challenging life stage. The effect of haemosporidian parasites on individuals is often debated, and we provide evidence that parasitemia can affect individual survival. In contrast, we did not find evidence of trade-offs between survival and immune defences.
Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Selected Candida Strains to Ozonated Water—An In Vitro Study

(1) Background and Objectives: Oral candidiasis has increased significantly in recent years. Increasingly, we encounter treatment difficulties related to drug resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to search for other therapies such as ozone therapy, which has antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of selected Candida strains to ozonated water based on concentration and contact time (2) Methods: The sensitivity of Candida strains to ozonated water with a concentration of 5 µg/mL, 30 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL was assessed using Mosmann’s Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) assay. Statistical differences were assessed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Newman-Keuls post-hoc test. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. (3) Results: In all the strains and research trials, the number of viable cells was reduced by ozonated water. The reduction depended on the exposure time and concentration of ozonated water. The highest percentage reduction (34.98%) for the tested samples was obtained for the C. albicans strain after 120 s of exposure at the highest concentration-50 µg/mL. (4) Conclusions: The selected strains of Candida spp. were sensitive to ozonated water at all tested concentrations (5 µg/mL, 30 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL). The sensitivity of strains to ozonated water increased with concentration and application time. Moreover, the sensitivity of Candida strains to ozonated water is comparable to that of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of an Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether-Degrading Bacterial Consortium

A bacterial consortium capable of degrading ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) as a sole carbon source was enriched and isolated from gasoline-contaminated water. Arthrobacter sp. , Herbaspirillum sp. , Pseudacidovorax sp. , Pseudomonas sp. , and Xanthomonas sp. were identified as the initial populations with the 16S rDNA analysis. The consortium aerobically degraded 49% of 50 mg/L of ETBE, in 6 days. The ETBE degrading efficiency of the consortium increased to 98% even with the higher concentrations of ETBE (1000 mg/L) in the subsequent subcultures, which accumulated tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). Xanthomonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were identified as the predominant ETBE degrading populations in the final subculture. The metaproteome of the ETBE-grown bacterial consortium was compared with the glucose-grown bacterial consortium, using 2D-DIGE. Proteins related to the ETBE metabolism, stress response, carbon metabolism and chaperones were found to be abundant in the presence of ETBE while proteins related to cell division were less abundant. The metaproteomic study revealed that the ETBE does have an effect on the metabolism of the bacterial consortium. It also enabled us to understand the responses of the complex bacterial consortium to ETBE, thus revealing interesting facts about the ETBE degrading bacterial community.
Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 or 2 Virion-Infected Primary Fibroblasts Constitute a Near-Natural Equine Sarcoid Model

Equine sarcoids are common, locally aggressive skin tumors induced by bovine papillomavirus types 1, 2, and possibly 13 (BPV1, BPV2, BPV13). Current in vitro models do not mimic de novo infection. We established primary fibroblasts from horse skin and succeeded in infecting these cells with native BPV1 and BPV2 virions. Subsequent cell characterization was carried out by cell culture, immunological, and molecular biological techniques. Infection of fibroblasts with serial 10-fold virion dilutions (2 × 106-20 virions) uniformly led to DNA loads settling at around 150 copies/cell after four passages. Infected cells displayed typical features of equine sarcoid cells, including hyperproliferation, and loss of contact inhibition. Neither multiple passaging nor storage negatively affected cell hyperproliferation, viral DNA replication, and gene transcription, suggestive for infection-mediated cell immortalization. Intriguingly, extracellular vesicles released by BPV1-infected fibroblasts contained viral DNA that was most abundant in the fractions enriched for apoptotic bodies and exosomes. This viral DNA is likely taken up by non-infected fibroblasts. We conclude that equine primary fibroblasts stably infected with BPV1 and BPV2 virions constitute a valuable near-natural model for the study of yet unexplored mechanisms underlying the pathobiology of BPV1/2-induced sarcoids.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Pregnant/Postpartum Women with COVID-19 Pneumonia in Western Balkans, The Republic of Srpska Report

Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease that has spread worldwide. As of 5 March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in approximately 111,767 cases and 6338 deaths in the Republic of Srpska and 375,554 cases and 15,718 deaths in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Our objective in the present study was to determine the characteristics and outcomes of critically ill pregnant/postpartum women with COVID-19 in the Republic of Srpska. Materials and Methods: The retrospective observational study of prospectively collected data included all critically ill pregnant/postpartum women with COVID-19 in a university-affiliated hospital between 1 April 2020 and 1 April 2022. Infection was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from nasopharyngeal swab specimens and respiratory secretions. Patients’ demographics, clinical and laboratory data, pharmacotherapy, and neonatal outcomes were analysed. Results: Out of the 153 registered pregnant women with COVID-19 treated at the gynaecology department of the University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, 19 (12.41%) critically ill pregnant/postpartum women (median age of 36 (IQR, 29–38) years) were admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU). The mortality rate was 21.05% (four patients) during the study period. Of all patients (19), 14 gave birth (73.68%), and 4 (21.05%) were treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO). Conclusions: Fourteen infants were born prematurely and none of them died during hospitalisation. A high mortality rate was detected among the critically ill pregnant/postpartum patients treated with mechanical ventilation and vvECMO in the MICU. The preterm birth rate was high in patients who required a higher level of life support (vvECMO and ventilatory support).
Connecting lemmas and representing homology classes of simply connected 4-manifolds

We consider surfaces in simply connected 4-manifolds. We estimate the normal Euler numbers of bounded non-orientable surfaces and consider the problem of representing characteristic homology classes by orientable surfaces. To do so, we develop techniques connecting the above problems for given surfaces with the problems for surfaces with fewer ﬁrst Betti numbers.