Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Baltimore–Bullock's Oriole hybrid zone reveals changing plumage colour in Bullock's Orioles

Hybrid zones are dynamic areas where populations of two or more interbreeding species may change through an influx of novel genetic material resulting from hybridization or selection on standing genetic variation. Documenting changes in populations through time, however, is challenging because repeated samples are often missing or because long-term storage can affect trait morphologies, especially colour traits that may fade through time. We document a change in carotenoid-based orange breast feathers of Bullock's Orioles (Icterus bullockii) from the Great Plains hybrid zone, USA. Contemporary Bullock's Orioles are more orange than historic individuals from the same location sampled approximately 60 years ago. Spectrophotometry revealed that contemporary Bullock's Orioles resemble orange colour profiles of Baltimore Orioles (I. galbula), the species with which they hybridize. Fading or changes in diet hypotheses do not appear to explain the shift in colour we report for Bullock's Orioles. We propose that these changes in colour are facilitated through introgression with Baltimore Orioles, and favoured by females that choose brighter, more orange males. Our study highlights the long memory of natural history collections and how they offer new insights to the dynamic roll of hybrid zones in trait evolution between interacting species.
A Multiscale Numerical Study of Hurricane Andrew (1992). Part VI: Small-Scale Inner-Core Structures and Wind Streaks

Abstract The objectives of Part VI of this series of papers are to (a) simulate the finescale features of Hurricane Andrew (1992) using a cloud-resolving grid length of 2 km, (b) diagnose the formation of small-scale wind streaks, and (c) perform sensitivity experiments of varying surface fluxes on changes in storm inner-core structures and intensity. As compared to observations and a previous 6-km model run, the results show that a higher-resolution explicit simulation could produce significant improvements in the structures and evolution of the inner-core eyewall and spiral rainbands, and in the organization of convection. The eyewall becomes much more compact and symmetric with its width decreased by half, and the radius of maximum wind is reduced by ∼10 to 20 km. A zone of deep and intense potential vorticity (PV) is formed at the edge of the eye. A ring of maximum PV is collocated in regions of maximum upward motion in the eyewall and interacts strongly with the eyewall convection. The convective cor.
Distinct Molecular Features of NleG Type 3 Secreted Effectors Allow for Different Roles during Citrobacter rodentium Infection in Mice

The NleGs are the largest family of type 3 secreted effectors in attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens, such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli, and Citrobacter rodentium. NleG effectors contain a conserved C-terminal U-box domain acting as a ubiquitin protein ligase and target host proteins via a variable N-terminal portion. ABSTRACT The NleGs are the largest family of type 3 secreted effectors in attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens, such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli, and Citrobacter rodentium. NleG effectors contain a conserved C-terminal U-box domain acting as a ubiquitin protein ligase and target host proteins via a variable N-terminal portion. The specific roles of these effectors during infection remain uncertain. Here, we demonstrate that the three NleG effectors—NleG1Cr, NleG7Cr, and NleG8Cr—encoded by C. rodentium DBS100 play distinct roles during infection in mice. Using individual nleGCr knockout strains, we show that NleG7Cr contributes to bacterial survival during enteric infection while NleG1Cr promotes the expression of diarrheal symptoms and NleG8Cr contributes to accelerated lethality in susceptible mice. Furthermore, the NleG8Cr effector contains a C-terminal PDZ domain binding motif that enables interaction with the host protein GOPC. Both the PDZ domain binding motif and the ability to engage with host ubiquitination machinery via the intact U-box domain proved to be necessary for NleG8Cr function, contributing to the observed phenotype during infection. We also establish that the PTZ binding motif in the EHEC NleG8 (NleG8Ec) effector, which shares 60% identity with NleG8Cr, is engaged in interactions with human GOPC. The crystal structure of the NleG8Ec C-terminal peptide in complex with the GOPC PDZ domain, determined to 1.85 Å, revealed a conserved interaction mode similar to that observed between GOPC and eukaryotic PDZ domain binding motifs. Despite these common features, nleG8Ec does not complement the ΔnleG8Cr phenotype during infection, revealing functional diversification between these NleG effectors.
Effects of Intrauterine Infusion of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma in Women Undergoing Treatment with Assisted Reproductive Technology: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract Purpose This meta-analysis was conducted to systematically retrieve relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluate the effects of intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in women with thin endometrium, implantation or pregnancy failure undergoing treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART). Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the retrieved RCTs. Studies on the intrauterine infusion of PRP in women undergoing treatment with ART that were published in PubMed, the Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Embase from inception until June 2022 were included. The data were extracted and analyzed independently using the fixed-effects or random-effects model according to heterogeneity. Results Seven RCTs involving 861 patients (435 in the intervention group and 426 in the control group) were included. The rates of clinical pregnancy (risk ratio [RR]: 2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0–3.13; P < 0.00001), chemical pregnancy (RR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.58–2.45; P < 0.00001), live births (RR: 7.03; 95% CI: 3.91–12.6; P < 0.00001), and implantation (RR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.42–7.52; P = 0.005) were significantly higher in the women who received PRP infusion than in the control group. No significant differences were noted in the miscarriage rate (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.39–2.42; P = 0.96) between the two groups. Conclusion In summary, intrauterine infusion of PRP may be an effective therapy for women with thin endometrium and recurrent implantation failure (RIF) undergoing treatment with ART. More population-based RCTs are warranted to verify the efficacy of our evidence.
Barriers to healthcare and their relationship to well-being and social support for autistic adults during COVID-19

Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to investigate barriers to healthcare and their relationships to social and emotional well-being and intersectional inequalities for autistic adults during COVID-19 restrictions in the UK. Background: Autistic adults experience severe health inequalities and report more barriers to accessing health services compared to other both disabled and non-disabled populations. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many areas of society that may have increased vulnerability of autistic people to social and health inequalities, including delivery of healthcare from in-person to remote methods. Method: One hundred twenty-eight autistic adults who lived in the UK took part in an online survey. Measures included the Barriers to Healthcare Checklist (Short Form) and PROMIS outcome measure bank to assess emotional well-being and social support. Participants rated their agreement with items, retrospectively considering three different points of the trajectory of COVID-19 restrictions: before COVID-19, during the first lockdown in spring 2020, and in the month prior to taking the survey during autumn 2020. They completed a follow-up survey six months later to continue to assess change as restrictions in the UK were eased. Findings: The average number of barriers to healthcare showed no significant change between all four time points. However, the nature of barriers to healthcare changed at the point of lockdown and persisted beyond the easing of COVID-19 restrictions. Barriers to healthcare were associated with some social and emotional well-being variables and demographic groups including gender, education and presence of additional disabilities. The findings may help to identify areas to target to improve access to both remote and in-person health systems for autistic people as modes of delivery continue to change over time.
Doing Bodies in YouTube Videos about Contested Illnesses

This article is based on an online ethnographic study of Dutch women who use YouTube as a medium to document their contested illness experiences. During 13 months of observations between 2017 and 2019, we followed a sample of 16 YouTubers, and conducted an in-depth analysis of 30 YouTube videos and of 7 interviews. By adopting a ‘praxiographic’ approach to social media, and by utilising insights from phenomenological theory, this study teases out how bodies are ‘done’ in (the making of) these YouTube videos. We describe three types of bodies: (1) inert bodies, (2) experienced bodies, and (3) authentic bodies. Ultimately, this study shows how vlogging about contested illness is a practice in which bodies are continually (re)configured, and through which the ‘invisibility’ of a sufferer’s condition can obtain social visibility.
Beyond Power Politics: How Ideology Motivates Threat Perception—and International Relations

A growing literature demonstrates that ideology shapes international relations. But just how does ideology have its effect? This article develops an integrated model of mediators and moderators of the impact of ideology on foreign policy. Specifically, it hypothesizes that ideologically motivated perceptions of threat and national power sequentially mediate the impact of individual-level ideologies on foreign policy preferences, and that in/out-group social categorization processes moderate the relationship. We interrogate these propositions with three plausibility probe case studies. The conclusion discusses which aspects of the model were best supported by the plausibility probes—and suggests hypotheses for future causal testing.
sGrow: Explaining the Scale-Invariant Strength Assortativity of Streaming Butterflies

Bipartite graphs are rich data structures with prevalent applications and characteristic structural features. However, less is known about their growth patterns, particularly in streaming settings. Current works study the patterns of static or aggregated temporal graphs optimized for certain downstream analytics or ignoring multipartite/non-stationary data distributions, emergence patterns of subgraphs, and streaming paradigms. To address these, we perform statistical network analysis over web log streams and identify the governing patterns underlying the bursty emergence of mesoscopic building blocks, 2, 2-bicliques, leading to a phenomenon that we call scale-invariant strength assortativity of streaming butterflies. We provide the graph-theoretic explanation of this phenomenon. We further introduce a set of micro-mechanics in the body of a streaming growth algorithm, sGrow, to pinpoint the generative origins. sGrow supports streaming paradigms, emergence of four-vertex graphlets, and provides user-specified configurations for the scale, burstiness, level of strength assortativity, probability of out-of-order records, generation time, and time-sensitive connections. Comprehensive evaluations on pattern reproducing and stress testing validate the effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness of sGrow in realization of the observed patterns independent of initial conditions, scale, temporal characteristics, and model configurations. Theoretical and experimental analysis verify sGrow’s robustness in generating streaming graphs based on user-specified configurations that affect the scale and burstiness of the stream, level of strength assortativity, probability of out-of-order streaming records, generation time, and time-sensitive connections.
Challenges and Opportunities of Security-Aware EDA

The foundation of every digital system is based on hardware in which security, as a core service of many applications, should be deeply embedded. Unfortunately, the knowledge of system security and efficient hardware design is spread over different communities and, due to the complex and ever-evolving nature of hardware-based system security, state-of-the-art security is not always implemented in state-of-the-art hardware. However, automated security-aware hardware design seems to be a promising solution to bridge the gap between the different communities. In this work, we systematize state-of-the-art research with respect to security-aware Electronic Design Automation (EDA) and identify a modern security-aware EDA framework. As part of this work, we consider threats in the form of information flow, timing and power side channels, and fault injection, which are the fundamental building blocks of more complex hardware-based attacks. Based on the existing research, we provide important observations and research questions to guide future research in support of modern, holistic, and security-aware hardware design infrastructures.
Joint Instability of Latitudinal Differential Rotation and Toroidal Magnetic Fields below the Solar Convection Zone. III. Unstable Disturbance Phenomenology and the Solar Cycle

We analyze additional solutions for the two-dimensional instability of coexisting differential rotation and toroidal magnetic fields, organized in families with fixed ratios ER of magnetic to kinetic energy in the unperturbed state. Solutions are found for a wide range of differential rotation amplitudes found in the solar tachocline, for toroidal fields that have a node that ranges in latitude from the pole to the equator, as we expect to exist in the Sun through a sunspot cycle. Fixed ER is a proxy for nonlinear saturation of the solar dynamo due to the reaction of electromagnetic body forces. Since the saturation ratio is not known from either theory or observations, we find solutions in the range 0.1 ≤ ER ≤ 30, corresponding to peak toroidal fields in the solar tachocline of between about 8 × 103 to 1.4 × 105 G. We focus on properties of the unstable disturbances that could test the hypothesis that such disturbances in the solar tachocline provide a template for surface features. We show that the symmetry of magnetic pattern about the equator could switch at one or more phases of the magnetic cycle, and for high ER a switch could also occur between two antisymmetric patterns of different latitudinal profiles. In the former case, the pattern rotation rate would be unchanged, but there would be a sudden longitudinal phase shift in one or both hemispheres. In the latter case, there would be no phase shift but instead a substantial change in the rotation rate of the observed magnetic pattern. For a given mode symmetry and type, the rotation rate is the same at all latitudes, with the rate being close to that of the local rotation of the plasma at the latitude where the disturbance amplitude peaks. For ER ≲ 1, the disturbance magnetic patterns have significant tilts upstream away from the equator, reminiscent of similar patterns in synoptic magnetograms. Sharp changes with latitude in the differential rotation and toroidal field are associated with "critical points" in the system, where the Doppler-shifted disturbance rotation equals the local (angular) Alfvén speed. These migrate toward the equator with the toroidal field node but increasingly lag it. The higher the magnetic energy for a given differential rotation, the closer the equator is approached. If these sharp changes in differential rotation and toroidal field are related to the torsional oscillations and latitudes of sunspots, then these solutions favor large toroidal fields in the tachocline, of peak amplitude at least 6 × 104 G.
Graph Attention Network for Text Classification and Detection of Mental Disorder

A serious issue in today’s society is Depression, which can have a devastating impact on a person’s ability to cope in daily life. Numerous studies have examined the use of data generated directly from users using social media to diagnose and detect Depression as a mental illness. Therefore, this paper investigates the language used in individuals’ personal expressions to identify depressive symptoms via social media. Graph Attention Networks (GATs) are used in this study as a solution to the problems associated with text classification of depression. These GATs can be constructed using masked self-attention layers. Rather than requiring expensive matrix operations such as similarity or knowledge of network architecture, this study implicitly assigns weights to each node in a neighbourhood. This is possible because nodes and words can carry properties and sentiments of their neighbours. Another aspect of the study that contributed to the expansion of the emotion lexicon was the use of hypernyms. As a result, our method performs better when applied to data from the Reddit subreddit Depression. Our experiments show that the emotion lexicon constructed by using the Graph Attention Network ROC achieves 0.91 while remaining simple and interpretable.
Analyzing power of proton-nucleus elastic scattering between 80 and 180 MeV

Elastic scattering of polarized protons of 80-180 MeV from a number of target nuclei ($24lAl208$) has been measured. The systematic energy and target mass dependence of the cross section and analyzing power angular distributions is discussed. The data have been analyzed within the framework of a conventional optical potential model, and the behavior of the potential parameters as a function of energy is investigated. Comparisons are made with results obtained at energies greater than 180 MeV and with predictions obtained from microscopic models.
Light trapping and electrical transport in thin-film solar cells with randomly rough textures

Using rigorous electro-optical calculations, we predict a significant efficiency enhancement in thin-film crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells with rough interfaces. We show that an optimized rough texture allows one to reach the Lambertian limit of absorption in a wide absorber thickness range from 1 to 100 μm. The improvement of efficiency due to the roughness is particularly substantial for thin cells, for which light trapping is crucial. We consider Auger, Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH), and surface recombination, quantifying the importance of specific loss mechanisms. When the cell performance is limited by intrinsic Auger recombination, the efficiency of 24.4% corresponding to the wafer-based PERL cell can be achieved even if the absorber thickness is reduced from 260 to 10 μm. For cells with material imperfections, defect-based SRH recombination contributes to the opposite trends of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage as a function of the absorber thickness. By investigating a wide range of .
Numerical investigation of phase relationships in an oscillating sessile drop

Forced linear oscillations of a viscous drop placed on a horizontal surface vibrating in perpendicular direction are investigated. The problem is solved for two cases: (1) constant contact angle, and (2) pinned contact line. Phase-frequency and amplitude-frequency characteristics of oscillations of the drop apex are found for the first axisymmetrical mode of oscillations. The independence of the difference of oscillation phases of the drop apex and the substrate on fluid density, viscosity, surface tension, and drop size as well as on presence or absence of the gravity force was demonstrated.
Multi-bump solutions for a semilinear Schroedinger equation

We study the existence of multi-bump solutions for the semilinear Schrodinger equation -Δu + (1 + ea(x))u = |u| p-2 u, u ∈ H 1 (ℝ N ), where N ≥ 1, 2 2 if N = 1 or N = 2, and e > 0 is a parameter. The function a is assumed to satisfy the following conditions: a ∈ C(ℝ N ), a(x) > 0 in ℝ N , a(x) = 0(1) and ln(a(x)) = 0(|x|) as lxl → ∞. For any positive integer n, we prove that there exists e(n ) > 0 such that, for 0 < e < e(n), the equation has an n-bump positive solution. Therefore, the equation has more and more multi-bump positive solutions as e → 0.
Recombination‐enhanced annealing of the E1 and E2 defect levels in 1‐MeV‐electron–irradiated n‐GaAs

Recombination‐enhanced annealing of the E1 (Ec−0.08 eV) and E2 (Ec−0.18 eV) defect levels in n‐GaAs has been studied by deep‐level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The defects are controllably introduced at room temperature by irradiation with 1‐MeV electrons. Thermal annealing at reverse and zero bias yields an activation energy of ΔE=1.75±0.17 eV and shows that charge‐state effects are not operative. Recombination annealing produces an enhancement of several orders of magnitude in the annealing rate and an activation energy of 0.98±0.10 eV. The annealing reaction obeys first‐order kinetics and does not saturate with injection currents up to 350 A/cm2. The relationship of this data to earlier observations of recombination‐enhanced annealing (motion) in GaAs and GaP is discussed as well as the possible implications for injection‐mode device degradation.
Delayed circadian rhythms in older Africans living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

The increasing number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, (PLWH) have an elevated incidence of risk for noncommunicable comorbidities, the aetiology of which remains incompletely understood. While sleep disturbances are often reported in PLWH, it is unknown to what extent they relate to changes in the circadian and/or sleep homeostatic processes. We studied the relationship between sleep characteristics, circadian phase, and HIV status in older adults from the HAALSI (Health and Ageing in Africa: a Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa) subsample of the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System in South Africa (n = 187, 36 human immunodeficiency virus positive [HIV+], age: 66.7 ± 11.5 years, range 45—93 years), where HIV prevalence is high and (in contrast to the global north) does not associate significantly with potentially confounding behavioural differences. In participants with valid actigraphy data (n = 172), regression analyses adjusted for age and sex indicated that HIV+ participants had slightly later sleep onset (β = .16, p = .039), earlier sleep offset times (β = −.16, p = .049) and shorter total sleep times (β = −.20, p = .009) compared to the HIV negative (HIV−) participants. In a subset of participants (n = 51, 11 HIV+), we observed a later dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in HIV+ (21:16 ± 01:47) than in HIV− (20:06 ± 00:58) participants (p = .006). This substantial difference remained when adjusted for age and sex (β = 1.21; p = .006). In 36 participants (6 HIV+) with DLMO and actigraphy data, median phase angle of entrainment was −6 min in the HIV+ group and +1 h 25 min in the HIV− group. DLMO time correlated with sleep offset (ρ = 0.47, p = .005) but not sleep onset (ρ = −0.086, p = .623). Collectively, our data suggest that the sleep phase occurred earlier than what would be biologically optimal among the HIV+ participants. This is the first report of a mistimed circadian phase in PLWH, which has important potential implications for their health and well‐being, especially given the well‐established relationships between circadian asynchrony and sleep deprivation with poorer health outcomes.