Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pressure Behavior of Transport in Fractal Porous Media Using a Fractional Calculus Approach

Many authors have used theories of anomalous diffusion in the field of physics to interpret fractally fractured reservoirs. However, their solutions cannot separate the two fractal dimensions df and dw , and their results are not valid in the early time range. In this study, a new general constant-flow-rate solution, which is applicable to whole spatio-temporal ranges, is derived using the Fox H-function. Sensitivity analyses were carried out for various cases. The solution developed here permits the use of early production data. By combining early and late time data, it is possible to determine the two fractal dimensions separately. From the intrinsic property of the Fox H-function, this model makes it possible to capture the history and nonlocality of transport. Therefore, the model provides a general methodology for characterizing the pressure behavior of fractally fractured reservoirs.
USO DE NITROGÊNIO NO SISTEMA DE PRODUÇÃO DE SOJA SOBRE PALHADA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR

Considerando-se que a partir de 2014 nao serao mais permitidas as queimadas nos canaviais paulistas, os sojicultores que arrendam estas areas, deverao se adaptar ao sistema de semeadura direta a fim de aproveitar os beneficios agronomicos que o palhico de cana proporciona. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Aracatuba, SP, durante a safra de 2011/12, e em Aracatuba, SP e Americo de Campos, SP, na safra 2012/13, e teve por objetivo avaliar a influencia do nitrogenio na produtividade de diferentes cultivares de soja, cultivadas no sistema de semeadura direta sobre palhada de cana-de-acucar, e a influencia sobre a degradacao da palhada. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema de faixas com parcelas subdivididas e tres repeticoes. Na safra 2011/12 foi utilizado um esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com cinco cultivares de soja: P 98Y11 RR; CD 219 RR; M-Soy 7908 RR; BRS Valiosa RR e SYN 9078 RR, e duas doses de nitrogenio: 0 e 45 kg ha-1, na forma de ureia. Na safra 2012/13, o estudo foi realizado na cultivar M-Soy 7908 RR, em Aracatuba, SP e na cultivar SYN 9078 RR, em Americo de Campos, SP, utilizando-se quatro tratamentos (doses de nitrogenio): 0, 30, 45 e 60 kg ha-1, na forma de nitrato de amonio (30 e 60 kg ha-1) e ureia (45 kg ha-1). Constatou-se que a utilizacao de ureia e de nitrato de amonio nao influenciou a decomposicao da palhada de cana-de-acucar e nao propiciaram incrementos significativos na produtividade de graos das cultivares de soja avaliadas.
Structure-Activity Relationship of a Heat-Stable Enterotoxin Produced by Yersinia enterocolitica

Several shorter analogues of heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) produced by Yersinia enterocolitica were synthesized by a conventional method and their toxicities were examined by using suckling mice. The full enterotoxigenic activity of ST of Y. enterocolitica was found to be carried on a peptide, which consists of 13 amino acid residues from the 18th Cys to the C-terminal Cys and has a similar amino acid sequence to those of ST’s produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (S. Aimoto et al., Eur. J. Biochem., 129, 257 (1982)) and Vibrio cholerae non-01 (T. Takao et al., FEBS Lett., 193, 250 (1985)). The results imply that the structural elements for expression of the toxicity are present in the common amino acid sequences of ST’s of Y. enterocolitica, E. coli, and V. cholerae non-01.
Ultrastructure of a haplosporean-like organism: the possible causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout.

The protozoan parasite which has been suggested as the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout has previously been described as an‘amoeba’. However, this ultra-structural study of the organism (named‘PKX’) has demonstrated many similarities to a group of invertebrate parasites, the genus Marleilia (currently classified in the Haplosporea). The suggested affinity of PKX‘ to Marteilia is based on the presence of internal cleavage,‘haplosporosomes’, and an amorphous cell wall. Other cytoplasmic inclusions also show characteristics of the genus. Since a spore stage has not been recognised in ‘PKX’, a definitive taxonomic statement cannot yet be made.
Ultrastructure of neurosecretory granule exocytosis by crayfish sinus gland induced with ionic manipulations

Neurosecretory granule exocytosis from axon terminals in the crayfish (Orconectes virilis) sinus gland can be effected by alterations in intracellular ionic concentrations through modification of the bathing medium or by electrical stimulation. This may result in increased numbers of exocytotic profiles involving one granule (single exocytosis) or several granules (compound exocytosis), which we interpret as evidence of stimulated neurosecretion. Our results suggest that increased free intracellular Ca++ together with a decrease in intracellular K+ are prerequisite for and sufficient to elicit increased exocytosis from sinus gland terminals. Similar release, stimulated by horseradish peroxidase, indicates that local surface permeability changes are involved. A minor response to high‐K+‐Ringer, and secretion via compound exocytosis, are uncharacteristic of cells with a neural ancestry.
Algae as first food for cod larvae, Gadus morhuaL.: filter feeding or ingestion by accident?

Cod larvae. Gadus morhua L. , 24 days posthatch, were fed different species of algae in order to evaluate both rates and mechanisms of ingestion. The results were compared with cod larvae feeding on a natural assemblage of algae in a lagoon. Small algae (Nannochloris atomus Butcher, 14 pm) were found to enter the larval gut in accordance with drinking rate. In contrast, the cod larvae concentrated larger algae [Dunaliella salina(Dunal) Teodor. 6 10 pm] in the gut at rates from 492 to 7251 times the drinking rate. D. salina was captured in the slits between the visceral arches, and increased activity when the algae was added indicate that the cod larvae are active filter feeders during early larval stages. In the gut of cod larvae from the lagoon the fraction of algal material with diameter larger than 8 pm was 39.2% in 7-day-old larvae while, in 12-day-old larvae it had decreased to 12.6%. The most conspicuous characteristics of gut content in the youngest larvae were green spheres (10 μn) and a naked dinoflagellate (20 μn). Short chains of the diatom Skeletonemu cosrarum (Greville) Cleve were also frequently found.
Scattering from a Thin Rectangular Plate at Glancing Incidence

The scattering from a thin rectangular plate of a perfect conductor illuminated by an electromagnetic plane wave at glancing incidence is studied using a formula derived by the method of the Kobayashi potential, which is a form of Weber? Schafheitlin discontinuous integrals. Numerical results for the current density distribution and far-field pattern are presented. A part of these results are compared with those obtained from the approximation expression, which is derived from the current density induced on the half-plane. The agreement is relatively good, particularly for a large plate. The backscattering cross sections (radar cross sections) are obtained as a function of the dimension of the plate for various values of incident angles; our results agree well with the experimental data measured by Ross and others. Numerical results of the total scattering cross sections are also presented.
Estabelecimento in vitro de Ocotea odorifera, O. catharinensis e O. porosa

Several species of the Lauraceae family are endangered, due to the high value of their woods, and the consequent exploitation of natural populations. Among them, Ocotea porosa, O. odorifera and O. catharinensis, native from South Brazil, have recalcitrant seeds, what makes even more dificult their natural regeneration. This work aimed to evaluate in vitro seed germination and multiplication of O. odorifera and O. catharinensis in culture medium supplemented with activated charcoal and/or BAP and in vitro seed germination and multiplication of O. porosa in culture medium supplemented with several concentrations of sucrose. The effect of BAP and activated charcoal were tested in the multiplication of O. catharinensis and O. odorifera and the effect of sucrose concentration (30, 60, 90 ou 120 g.L-1) was tested in the multiplication of O. porosa. The germination percentage was higher than 85% for all species. BAP promoted the highest multiplication rates for O. odorifera. O. porosa showed the best results for in vitro germination and multiplication on 60 g.L-1 sucrose. The establishment of O. catharinensis was achieved, but after some weeks, in all media tested, the explants showed abnormalities, and finally died.
The Location of Mucopolysaccharides on Ultrathin Sections of Bacteria by the Silver Methanamine Staining Technique

SUMMARY: The silver methanamine technique was used to locate mucopolysaccharides in ultrathin sections of bacteria. Polysaccharides were located along the cell wall and developing cross-walls in young vegetative forms and along the developing cortex in sporulating bacilli. The results are discussed in relation to morphological and chemical studies.
Anisotropic Composite Materials with Intensity-Dependent Permittivity Tensor: The Bruggeman Approach

The Bruggeman approach is implemented to homogenize a collection of identical, similarly oriented, electrically small, ellipsoidal particles with intensity-dependent refractive index that are dispersed randomly and homogeneously in an isotropic, linear, dielectric host material. The homogenized composite medium is assumed to be cubically nonlinear and anisotropic, in the simplest approximation. The anisotropy of nonlinearity may be considerably different from the anisotropy of the linearity. The possible enhancement of nonlinearity is also anisotropic, with the most desirable performance along the shortest principal axis of the ellipsoidal particles.
Schooling practices for marginalized students — practice‐with‐hope

Efforts to increase senior secondary retention rates and improve schooling for marginalized students have been influenced by the school effectiveness perspective. This paper outlines several problematic aspects of this perspective and proposes an alternative orientation centred around ‘care’. Drawing on research with students and teachers at two alternative schools, this paper argues that successful teaching and learning in these settings relied on a recognition of teaching as a caring profession and of the emotional dimension of schooling. These findings provide evidence for ‘practice‐with‐hope’, indicating that critique of aspects of school effectiveness research can provide an alternative approach for schools to make a difference.
A SUPRAGENERIC TAXONOMY OF THE CONODONTS

The conodonts are divided into the Westergaardodinida and Conodontophorida orders. The latter (conodonts proper) are divided into 8 superfamilies. The Distacodontacea (Proconodontidae, Clavohamulidae, and Distacodontidae families) are on the whole a simple, ‘primitive’ group. The Chirognathacea include Oistodus (s.str.), Chirognathus, and Rhipidognathus. The Panderodontacea are mainly simple cones. The Prioniodinacea have compound, non-blade elements. The Prioniodontacea include the Periodontidae, Prioniodontidae, Balognathidae, and Icriodontidae families. Bryantodontace, Gondolellacea, and Polygnathacea are based on platform-stock genera. The Polygnathacea (spathognathodon-tids, polygnathids, and indiognathodontids) may comprise two major stocks independent since the Ordovician.
Identification of S-(n-butylcarbamoyl)glutathione, a reactive carbamoylating agent, as a biliary metabolite of benomyl in the rat

Treatment of rats with benomyl [methyl- 1-(n-butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate; 100 mg kg -1 ip] led to the detection of a novel biliary metabolite of this widely used systemic fungicide. By means of on-line liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, this metabolite was identified as a carbamoylated derivative of glutathione, viz. S-(n-butylcarbamoyl)glutathione (SBuG), whose excretion in bile over 4.5h accounted for ca. 1% of the dose. In vitro experiments demonstrated that SBuG and the corresponding cysteine adduct exhibited carbamoylating activity toward the thiol groups of free cysteine and glutathione when the elements of n-butyl isocyanate were transferred to the acceptor nucleophiles
Is there a direct link between the ophidian tongue and Jacobson's organ?

An analysis of the interaction between the tongue and Jacobson's organ was conducted using x-ray cinematography and two experimental procedures. The results failed to support the traditional hypothesis of a direct linkage between the tongue and Jacobson's organ since the tongue was never observed to enter the lumen of Jacobson's organ. Conversely, the results presented provide strong support for the role of elevation of the anterior lingual processes as the mechanism for stimulus transfer.
Mathematics education graduate students’ understanding of trigonometric ratios

ABSTRACT This study describes mathematics education graduate students’ understanding of relationships between sine and cosine of two base angles in a right triangle. To explore students’ understanding of these relationships, an elaboration of Skemp's views of instrumental and relational understanding using Tall and Vinner's concept image and concept definition was developed. Nine students volunteered to complete three paper and pencil tasks designed to elicit evidence of understanding and three students among these nine students volunteered for semi-structured interviews. As a result of fine-grained analysis of the students’ responses to the tasks, the evidence of concept image and concept definition as well as instrumental and relational understanding of trigonometric ratios was found. The unit circle and a right triangle were identified as students’ concept images, and the mnemonic was determined as their concept definition for trigonometry, specifically for trigonometric ratios. It is also suggested that students had instrumental understanding of trigonometric ratios while they were less flexible to act on trigonometric ratio tasks and had limited relational understanding. Additionally, the results indicate that graduate students’ understanding of the concept of angle mediated their understanding of trigonometry, specifically trigonometric ratios.
Physiological responses of clonal quince rootstocks to iron-deficiency induced by addition of bicarbonate to nutrient solution

Abstract “MA”; quince clonal rootstock is more susceptible to lime‐induced chlorosis than clone “Ct.S. 212”;. Trials were performed in order to determine whether differences observed between the two clones in calcareous soil were maintained when iron (Fe)‐deficiency was induced by addition of bicarbonate (HCO3) to a modified Hoagland nutrient solution No 1. In addition, trials were aimed to verify whether the rootstocks showed differing physiological responses. Results confirmed that total leaf Fe content was not a suitable tool to screen rootstocks for chlorosis tolerance. In contrast, “active”; Fe and chlorophyll content (well correlated with chlorotic symptom levels), together with fresh and dry matter production, were found to be good parameters for genotype evaluation. Total Fe content increased in the root system of stress‐grown “MA”; plants more than in “Ct.S. 212”; root systems. Root Fe3+‐reductase activity increased in “MA”; and “Ct.S. 212”; under Fe‐deficiency conditions obtained by using an Fe‐fre.
Industrial districts: something more than a neighbourhood

The expansion of globalization has led to the relocation of many industrial activities. In particular, this process has affected industrial districts in the traditional industries. However, different districts vary in their capacity to retain activities. The robustness of industrial districts and, in consequence, their capacity to retain core activities at home and thus avoid painful relocations can be analysed by means of the relational capital developed at the district level. The relational structure within the district affects and determines the capacity of innovation of the district firms. This paper analyses the extent to which innovation depends on the amount of relational capital developed at the district level. We have addressed this proposition using internal human mobility, shared vision and trusting co-operation as indicators of the amount and quality of relational capital. In order to support theoretical propositions we have conducted empirical research comparing different industrial districts in the Valencian region of Spain. Research findings suggest a significant association between social capital variables and innovation outcomes. In consequence, these factors can facilitate retaining activities in districts.
Effects of dietary DHA and EPA on neurogenesis, growth, and survival of juvenile American lobster, Homarus americanus

Abstract It is crucial to fully understand nutrition in the American lobster, Homarus americanus, given the large interest in hatchery rearing for enhancement. Dietary studies have demonstrated that gross brain development as well as American lobster health and survival is greatly influenced by diet, and in particular the amount and type of omega‐3 fatty acids present in it. We conducted an assessment of how two important fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, influence alobster's neurogenesis, growth, and survival. To evaluate the specific effects of EPA and DHA, lobsters were fed experimental casein‐based diets that varied in the source of oil. The control diet had flax oil (no EPA or DHA), whereas experimental diets were rich in EPA, DHA, or an even mix of the EPA and DHA oils. Lobsters fed the diets containing DHA oil developed fewer brain cells than those lobsters not fed this oil. Lobsters fed DHA oil also had a slightly, but not statistically significant longer survival time compared with lobsters fed the other diets. The decreased neurogenesis in the DHA‐enriched diets points to the need to understand regulation of nerve cell formation in lobsters, and the functional implications of neurogenesis. Because of the large effects of diet on physiology and health, nutrition will play a critical role in further development of lobster enhancement and aquaculture projects.
PERFORMANCE OF WEED CONTROL PRACTICES IN MAIZE UNDER RAINFED ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEM

Field experiment was conducted under organic farming for during 2016-17 to 2017-18 to study the effect of different nonchemical weed management practices on productivity and weed infestation in maize in mid altitude (950 m MSL) of Meghalaya, India. Total eight treatment in three replication were evaluated on maize. Grain weight/cob of maize was maximum under mulching with fresh Eupatorium sp. biomass after earthing up at 30 days after sowing (DAS). The highest maize yield was recorded under mulching with fresh Eupatorium 10 t/ha, but it was statistically at par with two hand weeding (HW) at 20 and 40 DAS, weed free check and soybean green manure incorporation in situ + one HW. Two Hand Weeding, soybean green manure incorporation + one Hand Weeding and mechanical weeding (20 DAS) + one HW (after earthing up) were found to be effective in weed reduction in maize. Weed control efficiency was recorded maximum under two Hand Weeding which was at par with mechanical weeding (20 DAS) + one Hand Weeding. Available N, P, K and soil organic carbon concentration after 3-croppoing cycles were maximum under mulching with fresh Eupatorium 10 t/ha treatment followed by soybean green manuring + one Hand Weeding (45 DAS) than those under other weed management practices. Thus, mulching with fresh Eupatorium (after earthing up) and soybean green manuring + one Hand Weeding were the recommendable options for sustainable organic maize production under high rainfall hill ecosystem of North-East India.
The impacts of mobile fishing gear on seafloor habitats in the gulf of Maine (Northwest Atlantic): Implications for conservation of fish populations

Abstract Fishing gear alters seafloor habitats, but the extent of these alterations, and their effects, have not been quantified extensively in the northwest Atlantic. Understanding the extent of these impacts, and their effects on populations of living marine resources, is needed to properly manage current and future levels of fishing effort and fishing power. For example, the entire U.S. side of the Gulf of Maine was impacted annually by mobile fishing gear between 1984 and 1990, based on calculations of area swept by trawl and dredge gear. Georges Bank was imparted three to nearly four times annually during the same period. Studies at three sites in the Gulf of Maine (off Swans Island, Jeffreys Bank, and Stellwagen Bank) showed that mobile fishing gear altered the physical structure (=complexity) of benthic habitats. Complexity was reduced by direct removal of biogenic (e.g., sponges, hydrozoans, bryozoans, amphipod tubes, holothurians, shell aggregates) and‐ sedimentary (e.g., sand waves, depressions).
Pine sawfly defence and variation in host plant resin acids: a trade‐off with growth

Abstract. 1 The defence capability of pine sawfly larvae reared on Scots pines with low or high concentrations of resin acids was determined in a field experiment, where larvae were exposed to predatory ants, and in a laboratory experiment in which the rate of defence droplet replenishment was measured. 2 Larvae on low resin‐acid shoots disappeared faster than larvae on high resin‐acid shoots when exposed to predatory ants. 3 Larvae fed high resin‐acid needles produced 50% larger defence droplets than larvae fed low resin‐acid needles. 4 In an additional experiment high predation pressure was simulated by repeatedly removing defence droplets. Larvae responded by feeding more on tissue rich in resin acids, but at the cost of a reduction in growth rate. 5 Based on these data and earlier findings that survival and development of sawfly larvae are negatively affected by high resin‐acid concentrations, we conclude that pine sawflies face a dilemma of conflicting demands, i.e. although high needle resin‐acid concentrations enhance defence capability, they also reduce growth and survival. Our data also suggest that it is not necessarily the ovipositing female that has to balance this trade‐off: plasticity in larval feeding behaviour provides larvae with a means to at least partly solve the dilemma.
Demecology of the false spider mite, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari, Tenuipalpidae)

Abstract: A life and fecundity table has been constructed for Brevipalpus phoenicis, a serious pest of plantation crops, and various demographic parameters have been calculated. Although this mite has been found to possess a low growth rate (rm = 0.127), it possesses high rates of survival even in its senescence. Under constant experimental conditions the net reproduction rate is 33.2 eggs/mite, the generation time is 27.6 days and the population doubles once in 5.5 days. The stable age profile of the population is distributed as 74.9%, 19.24% and 6.07% of eggs, immatures and adults, respectively. Another aspect considered in this paper is the evolution of the population in function of an effective initial population of 10 individuals. This mite takes a longer time to reach constant growth rate and stable age distribution (156 days), however, the population growth is astronomical. The damage caused by them passes beyond the economic injury level within 34 days by an effective initial population of 10 mites in a tea bush having 100 leaves. This suggests an earlier intervention to check the population. The demographic analysis reveals that the following five aspects of its life history, namely high survival and fertility rates, reproductive intensity in the prime youth, lack of diapause, parthenogenetic mode of reproduction and euryphagy on perennial crops, are of major importance. Reasons for the importance of these characteristics are also discussed.