Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New site records of Gegeneophis goaensis and G. mhadeiensis (Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) from the Western Ghats of Goa and Karnataka

Gegeneophis goaensis and G. mhadeiensis were described by Bhatta et al. in 2007 from Keri Village (Goa) and Chorla Village (Karnataka) respectively from a set of three specimens for each species. The present account expands the morphological and morphometric variations within the species with new site records for both species. Habitat sharing with other congeneric species is discussed.
Methylation of antioncogen at 3p in non-small cell lung cancer

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of methylation of 3 antioncogens (RASSF1a, RAR-β, FHZT) at 3p on NSCLC.METHODS: MSP was employed to determine the methylation status, and RT-PCR was employed to measure their mRNA levels of rassf1a, RAR-β and FHZT in 53 NSCLC. RESULTS: The frequencies of methylation in NSCLCs and corresponding non-neoplastic lung tissues were: 53% and 8% for FHIT, 42%, 6% for RAR-β, 57% and 9% for RASSF1a. Methylation of the three genes was more frequent in the smoking group, P0.05. The methylation frequencies of the three genes were more and more frequent with TNM stage advanced, stage Ⅱ was higher than stage Ⅰ(P=0.016,0.008), and stage Ⅲ was higher than stage Ⅱ, P=0.033,0.029. The samples with methylated status showed the decline or loss of mRNA transcription. DISCUSSIONS: Aberrant methylation of promoter of TSGs at 3p is frequently present in NSCLC. Promotor methylation may be responsable to the deregulation of FHIT, RAR-β and RASSF1a in NSCLC.
Procjena porezne evazije u Hrvatskoj

Definicija sive ekonomije u, ovom radu jest legalna gospodarska aktivnost koja nije prijavljena da bi se izbjeglo placanje poreza, cime porezni neplatisa povecava svoj osobni probitak. Porezna evazija ih porezna utaja nezakonit je nacin smanjenja poreznih obveza, primjerice, podcjenjivanjem ostvarenog dohotka ili iskazivanjem vecih poslovnih odbitaka. Pri izbjegavanju poreza, pak, obveznik se samo koristi ponuđenim zakonskim mogucnostima za smanjenje svoje porezne obveze. Posljedica povecanja evazije jest erozija poreznih baza. Manjak prikupljenih prihoda rezultira deficitom koji je moguce financirati ili daljnjim povecanjem poreza, Sto u konacnici dodatno produbljuje velicinu sive ekonomije i sklonost evaziji, ili pak zaduživanjem, cime se povecava porezni teret buducih obveznika. Stabilnost poreznog sustava važan je cinitelj smanjenja porezne evazije. Tranzicijsko okružje, međutim, svojom dinamikom i nizom promjena u poreznome i gospodarskom sustavu negativno utjece na smanjenje porezne evazije. U uvjetima prilagođivanja poreznih sustava tržisnoj ekonomiji, sirenja porezne osnovice, uvođenja novih poreza, ukidanja starih te mijenjanja poreznih stopa tesko je donijeti pouzdane zakljucke o visini porezne evazije. Zasebnom analizom evazije pojedinih izravnih i neizravnih poreza za razdoblje 1994-2000. godine dobivene su dvije procjene: donja procjena porezne evazije koja prati otprilike trend kretanja udjela neslužbenoga gospodarstva (NG-a) u BDP-u i krece se oko 5, 5% BDP-a ; te gornja procjena, koja djelomicno prati kretanje poreznog opterecenja, odnosno rasterecenja, gospodarstva, te se znatnije smanjuje nakon 1998, sa smanjivanjem oporezivanja rada s oko 11 na 7, 5% BDP-a u 2000. Odluka o poduzimanju evazije u nestabilnom okruženju vrlo se lako donosi, dok za ireverzibilni proces, iako izgledan, poreznim neplatisama treba kriticna masa pozitivnih reformi i relativno dugo vremensko razdoblje.
Active Specific Immunotherapy with a β-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Peptide Vaccine in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Antibody Response Is Associated with Improved Survival

Purpose: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by colorectalcancers and may play a role in its progression. The clinical and immunological effects of a synthetic vaccine targeting β-hCG composed of the COOH terminal peptide of β-hCG (CTP37) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (DT) was investigated in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Experimental Design: Seventy-seven patients from 12 centers were randomly divided into two vaccine dose groups. CTP37-DT was formulated in an emulsion and administered i.m. on days 0, 28, and 70. Patients were evaluated for toxicity, overall survival, and antibody response to hCG and to DT. Results: Immunizations were well tolerated with no patients requiring cessation of the injections. Anti-hCG antibody was detected in 56 of the 77 patients treated. Significant differences in antibody response and survival were not observed between the two dose groups. An intention-to-treat analysis of all vaccinated patients showed a median survival of 34 weeks. Patients who developed anti-hCG antibody levels higher than or equal to the median value exhibited a median survival of 45 weeks compared with 24 weeks for patients who developed anti-hCG antibody levels lower than the median ( P = 0.0002). In contrast, no significant difference was observed when comparing survival based upon the level of DT antibody that developed ( P = 0.80). Conclusions: Vaccination with CTP37-DT induced anti-hCG antibodies in most patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Anti-hCG antibody induction was associated with longer overall survival. CTP37-DT has an excellent safety profile and warrants further study in patients with colorectal cancer.
Acetylcholine receptors do not mediate the immobilization produced by inhaled anesthetics.

Acetylcholine receptors transmit excitatory impulses, are broadly distributed throughout the central nervous system, and are particularly sensitive to the depressant effects of inhaled anesthetics. Thus these receptors are potential mediators of the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics. We tested this potential in rats by giving intraperitoneal atropine, scopolamine, and mecamylamine to block muscarinic (atropine and scopolamine) and neuronal nicotinic (mecamylamine) acetylcholine receptors. Block with scopolamine (up to 100 mg/kg), atropine (10 mg/kg), mecamylamine (up to 4 mg/kg), or atropine (10 mg/kg) plus mecamylamine (up to 4 mg/kg) did not significantly decrease the isoflurane concentration required to suppress movement to noxious stimulation (minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration). We also gave atropine intrathecally, finding that the infusions that did not cause permanent paralysis produced slight or no decreases in the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration. We conclude that acetylcholine receptors do not seem to play a role as mediators of immobilization by inhaled anesthetics.
Life-satisfaction is a momentary judgment and a stable personality characteristic: the use of chronically accessible and stable sources

Social cognition research indicates that life-satisfaction judgments are based on a selected set of relevant information that is accessible at the time of the life-satisfaction judgment. Personality research indicates that life-satisfaction judgments are quite stable over extended periods of time and predicted by personality traits. The present article integrates these two research traditions. We propose that people rely on the same sources to form repeated life-satisfaction judgments over time. Some of these sources (e.g., memories of emotional experiences, academic performance) provide stable information that explains the stability in life-satisfaction judgments. Second, we propose that the influence of personality traits on life satisfaction is mediated by the use of chronically accessible sources because traits produce stability of these sources. Most important, the influence of extraversion and neuroticism is mediated by use of memories of past emotional experiences. To test this model, participants repeatedly judged life-satisfaction over the course of a semester. After each assessment, participants reported sources that they used for these judgments. Changes in reported sources were related to changes in life-satisfaction judgments. A path model demonstrated that chronically accessible and stable sources are related to stable individual differences in life-satisfaction. Furthermore, the model supported the hypothesis that personality effects were mediated by chronically accessible and stable sources. In sum, the results are consistent with our theory that life-satisfaction judgments are based on chronically accessible sources.
Investigating the Interactions between Capital Buffers, Credit and Output Growth: Evidence from the Jamaican Banking Sector

This paper applies the Arellano-Bover GMM technique to an unbalanced panel of banks from the Jamaican banking sector to test the hypothesis that banks’ capital buffers intensified rather than tempered the cyclical behaviour of loans over the period 2000 to 2012. The results revealed that capital buffers are procyclical in nature in that it amplifies cyclical loan fluctuations via changes in the output gap. This result is reinforced when high quality capital is examined. In addition, a panel Granger causality test used to examine the causal relationship between buffer capital and loan growth revealed that buffer capital “Granger causes” loan growth. This finding serves as a validation to the procyclical behaviour of capital buffer. Overall, these results have important implications for the development of macroprudential policy tools for the Jamaican banking system.
An evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of oral tramadol hydrochloride tablets for the treatment of postsurgical pain in children.

In this double-blinded, randomized, multicenter study, we examined analgesic efficacy and tolerability of tramadol in postoperative pediatric patients. Eighty-one postsurgical ASA physical status I and II patients ages 7–16 yr received oral tramadol (approximately 1 or 2 mg/kg) for postoperative analgesia when they were ready to transition from morphine patient-controlled analgesia to oral analgesics. Rescue analgesia consisted of morphine patient-controlled analgesia or an oral equivalent dose of oxycodone. Patients rated their pain just before the administration of tramadol and at regular intervals for 8 h afterwards using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The 2-mg/kg group required approximately half as much rescue analgesia as the 1-mg/kg group (P = 0.006). Parents rated the larger dose more favorably. Adverse events were generally mild to moderate in severity (vomiting [10%], nausea [9%], pruritus [7%], rash [4%]) and similar between the two treatment groups. There were no significant changes in hemodynamic variables, respiratory rate, or Spo2 percentages between the two treatment groups or in all patients compared with pretreatment values.
Purification and Characterization of Glutathione-S-Transferase from Rats Liver: Effect of Carbon Tetrachloride and Camels Milk

Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a multifunctional family of dimeric and mainly cytosolic biotransformation enzymes which play an important role in protecting tissues from oxidative stress. They catalyzed the conjugation of intracellular glutathione with great varieties of chemicals possessing electrophilic centre and the final GSH-conjugates had increased hydrophilicity which facilitate their further metabolism and elimination. Our study was carried out to purify GST enzyme from rat’s liver using one step affinity chromatography and investigate the inhibitory effect of carbon tetrachloride and ameliorating effect of camel’s milk administration. The purification of GST enzyme revealed that the protein concentration decreased in GSH affinity filtrate than the crude extract while the specific enzyme activity increased indicating that the single purification step cut off the other proteins and conserve the protein of GST enzyme. CCL4 decrease the Vmax and increase Km for both GSH and CDNB substrates than control indicating that CCL4 may be uncompetitive inhibitor of GST enzyme while camel’s milk increase the Vmax and decrease Km for both GSH and CDNB substrates indicating that camel’s milk increase the affinity of enzyme to both substrates. The activity of GST increased by increasing the substrate concentration till reaching the maximum activity after which the activity of GST forming a plateau. Regarding the effect of temperature on GST activity, the maximum GST activity was observed between 25-35oC and inactivated over 40oC. The GST activity increased when pH increased progressively till reach the maximum activity at pH value 7.1 and decreased when the pH increased. Our conclusion indicating that CCL4 is uncompetitive inhibitor of GST enzyme while camel’s milk increases the activity and affinity of enzyme toward its both substrates.
Creation of the technique of interspecific hybridization for breeding in cotton

The new technique of interspecific hybridization was created in Gossypium which could remarkably overcome abortion of interspecific hybridization and hybrid sterility of F1. A large number of germplasm resources were obtained from seventy cross combinations among the cultivated species and between the cultivated and the 14 wild species, respectively. 8 varieties have been developed, of which 4 were from the cross combination of G. hirsutum × G. arboretum and the other are the first breed from the hybrids between G. hirsutum and 4 wild species, respectively. Of them Shiyuan 321 (jimian 24) is a new variety which had the highest increase in the national Yellow River Valley Regional test, with planting area added up to 933333 ha in the recent three years. The breeding system of interspecific hybridization was established.
The Hartree functional in a double well

We consider a non-linear Hartree energy for bosonic particles in a symmetric double-well potential. In the limit where the wells are fare apart and the potential barrier is high, we prove that the ground state and first excited state are given to leading order by an even, respectively odd, superposition of ground states in single wells. We evaluate the resulting tunneling term splitting the corresponding energies precisely.
On Data Augmentation for GAN Training

Recent successes in Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have affirmed the importance of using more data in GAN training. Yet it is expensive to collect data in many domains such as medical applications. Data Augmentation (DA) has been applied in these applications. In this work, we first argue that the classical DA approach could mislead the generator to learn the distribution of the augmented data, which could be different from that of the original data. We then propose a principled framework, termed Data Augmentation Optimized for GAN (DAG), to enable the use of augmented data in GAN training to improve the learning of the original distribution. We provide theoretical analysis to show that using our proposed DAG aligns with the original GAN in minimizing the Jensen–Shannon (JS) divergence between the original distribution and model distribution. Importantly, the proposed DAG effectively leverages the augmented data to improve the learning of discriminator and generator. We conduct experiments to apply DAG to different GAN models: unconditional GAN, conditional GAN, self-supervised GAN and CycleGAN using datasets of natural images and medical images. The results show that DAG achieves consistent and considerable improvements across these models. Furthermore, when DAG is used in some GAN models, the system establishes state-of-the-art Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) scores. Our code is available (https://github.com/tntrung/dag-gans).
Purification and Characterization of Cellulase from Trichoderma reesei

The purification steps,e.g.a two-step ultrafiltration,cationic(CM-Sepharose FF) and anionic(DEAE-Sepharose FF) chromatography and size exclusion(Sephadex G-100) chromatography and the six homogeneous cellulase etc,were used to purify three endoglucanases(EGⅠ,EGⅡ and EGⅢ),two cellobiohydrolases(CBHⅠand CBHⅡ) and a β—glucosidase(GB) according to SDS-PAGE analysis from the culture broth of Trichoderma reesei.The specific activities of EGⅠ,EGⅡ and EGⅢ with carboxymethyl celluloses were estimated to be 176.35,153.96,64.22 IU/mg,respectively.For CBHⅠand CBHⅡ,their specific activities with microcelluloses were 16.86,4.82 IU/mg,respectively.The GB with salicin was 31.00 IU/mg.Their Km were 6.70,8.46,13.22,1.37,3.46,2.20 mg/mL,respectively.The greater Km of the purified enzyme component of the same class is,the smaller their turnover is.Their molecular weights of EGⅠ,EGⅡ,EGⅢ,CBHⅠ,CBHⅡ and GB were 50,46,25,65,58,75 kDa,respectively.
Foraging areas and habitat use of the Virginia big-eared bat in Kentucky

The Virginia big-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii virginianus) is an endangered subspecies of Townsend's big-eared bat. Little information exists about the movements and habitat requirements of these bats. We used radio telemetry to determine Virginia big-eared bat foraging area size and use of habitat in Daniel Boone National Forest (DBNF), Kentucky. We attached radio transmitters to 30 males in 1990 and 30 females in 1991. We monitored bats during 3 tracking periods each summer, tracking 9-11 bats during each period. Size of male foraging areas (87.4 ha, n = 6) in 1990 was not different from size of female foraging areas (121.9 ha, n = 13) in 1991 (P = 0.49)
Syntactic processing in high- and low-skill comprehenders working under normal and stressful conditions

The degree to which syntactic and discourse comprehension rely on common or disparate processing systems is a matter of continuing debate in psycholinguistics, particularly in aphasia research. The present study examines possible relationships between discourse comprehension and auditory syntactic comprehension assessed under normal listening, single, and dual "stress" conditions. Results showed that stress can dramatically exaggerate differences in syntactic difficulty and that general discourse comprehension skill can significantly predict syntactic comprehension profiles. We discuss the results with reference to competing models of language development, comprehension, and breakdown.
Isolation and Identification of Lactic-Bacteria from Low Alcohol Sake

Lactic-bacteria were isolated from spoiled sake , and identified by DNA-DNA hybridization. Unpasteurized sake samples were diluted to 15 and 10% (v/v) alcohol, and stored at 25•Ž for 30 days to spoil them. From the undiluted spoiled sake samples , 2 strains of Lactobacillus fructivorans were isolated. From the spoiled sake samples of 15% (v/v) alcohol , L. fructivorans, L. hilqardii and L. paracasei were isolated. From those of 10% (v/v) alcohol, these 3 species and L. rhamnose were isolated. Isolates from spoiled sake on the market , in storage tanks, or participated in a contest were mainly L. fructivorans and L. hilgardii. On the other hand , many strains of L. paracasei were isolated from unspoiled and unpasteurized sake.
Phylogenetic alpha and beta diversity in tropical tree assemblages along regional-scale environmental gradients in northwest South America

Aims Environmental gradients are drivers of species diversity; however, we know relatively little about the evolutionary processes underlying these relationships. a potentially powerful approach to studying diversity gradients is to quantify the phylogenetic structure within and between assemblages arrayed along broad spatial and environmental gradients. Here, we evaluate the phylogenetic structure of plant assemblages along an environmental gradient with the expectation that the habitat specialization of entire lineages is an important evolutionary pattern influencing the structure of tree communities along environmental gradients. Methods We evaluated the effect of several environmental variables on the phylogenetic structure of plant assemblages in 145 plots distributed in northwestern south america that cover a broad environmental gradient. The phylogenetic alpha diversity was quantified for each plot and the phylogenetic beta diversity between each pair of plots was also quantified. both the alpha and beta diversity measures were then related to spatial and environmental gradients in the study system. We found that gradients in temperature and potential evapotranspiration have a strong relationship with the phylogenetic alpha diversity in our study system, with phylogenetic overdispersion in low temperatures and phylogenetic clustering at higher temperatures. Further, the phylogenetic beta diversity between two plots increases with an increasing difference in temperature, whereas annual precipitation was not a significant predictor of community phylogenetic turnover. We also found that the phylogenetic structure of the plots in our study system was related to the degree of seasonal flooding and seasonality in precipitation. in particular, more stressful environments such as dry forests and flooded forests showed phylogenetic clustering. Finally, in contrast with previous studies, we find that phylogenetic beta diversity was not strongly related to the spatial distance separating two forest plots, which may be the result of the importance of the three independent mountain ranges in our study system, which generate a high degree of environmental variation over very short distances. in conclusion, we found that environmental gradients are important drivers of both phylogenetic alpha and phylogenetic beta diversities in these forests over spatial distance.
Negative mood affects the expression of negative but not positive emotions in mice

Whether and to what extent animals experience emotions is crucial for understanding their decisions and behaviour, and underpins a range of scientific fields, including animal behaviour, neuroscience, evolutionary biology and animal welfare science. However, research has predominantly focused on alleviating negative emotions in animals, with the expression of positive emotions left largely unexplored. Therefore, little is known about positive emotions in animals and how their expression is mediated. We used tail handling to induce a negative mood in laboratory mice and found that while being more anxious and depressed increased their expression of a discrete negative emotion (disappointment), meaning that they were less resilient to negative events, their capacity to express a discrete positive emotion (elation) was unaffected relative to control mice. Therefore, we show not only that mice have discrete positive emotions, but that they do so regardless of their current mood state. Our findings are the first to suggest that the expression of discrete positive and negative emotions in animals is not equally affected by long-term mood state. Our results also demonstrate that repeated negative events can have a cumulative effect to reduce resilience in laboratory animals, which has significant implications for animal welfare.