Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Structures of Gd(III) Chelates Conjugated at the Periphery of 3‐(1’‐Hexyloxy)ethyl‐3‐devinylpyropheophorbide‐a (HPPH) Have a Significant Impact on the Imaging and Therapy of Cancer

3‐(1’‐Hexyloxyethyl)‐3‐devinyl‐pyropheophorbide‐a (HPPH or Photochlor), a tumor‐avid chlorophyll‐a derivative currently undergoing human clinical trials, was conjugated at various peripheral positions (position‐17 or 20) of HPPH with either Gd(III)‐aminobenzyl‐DTPA (Gd(III) DTPA) or Gd(III)‐aminoethylamido‐DOTA (Gd(III) DOTA). The corresponding conjugates were evaluated for in vitro PDT efficacy, T1, T2 relaxivities, in vivo fluorescence, and MR imaging under similar treatment parameters. Among these analogs, the water‐soluble Gd(III)‐aminoethylamido‐DOTA linked at position‐17 of HPPH, i. e. , HPPH‐17‐Gd(III) DOTA, demonstrated strong potential for tumor imaging by both MR and fluorescence, while maintaining the PDT efficacy in BALB/c mice bearing Colon‐26 tumors (7/10 mice were tumor free on day 60). In contrast to Gd(III) DTPA (Magnevist) and Gd(III) DOTA (Dotarem), the HPPH‐Gd(III) DOTA retains in the tumor for a long period of time (24 to 48 h) and provides an option of fluorescence‐guided cancer therapy. Thus, a single agent can be used for cancer‐imaging and therapy. However, further detailed pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicological studies of the conjugate are required before initiating Phase I human clinical trials.
Blinding and bias in a hypnotic clinical trial

Information is lacking regarding how commonly unblinding of treatment assignment occurs in hypnotic randomized clinic trials (RCTs). We now report the “best guesses” of clinical trial participants, versus study coordinators, versus study physicians in the study Reducing Suicidal Ideation Through Insomnia Treatment (REST‐IT).
Cardiac involvement with anti‐mitochondrial antibody‐positive myositis mimicking cardiac sarcoidosis

Anti‐mitochondrial antibody (AMA)‐positive myositis is an atypical inflammatory myopathy characterized by chronic progressive respiratory muscle weakness, muscular atrophy, and cardiac involvement. Arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis have been reported as cardiac manifestations. Herein, we present the first report of a patient diagnosed with having AMA‐positive myositis with cardiac involvement mimicking cardiac sarcoidosis.
Nematocidal Effects of a Coriander Essential Oil and Five Pure Principles on the Infective Larvae of Major Ovine Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Vitro

The anthelmintic effects of extracted coriander oil and five pure essential oil constituents (geraniol, geranyl acetate, eugenol, methyl iso-eugenol, and linalool) were tested, using larval motility assay, on the third-stage larvae (L3s) of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus and Cooperia oncophora. Coriander oil and linalool, a major component of tested coriander oil, showed a strong inhibitory efficacy against all species, except C. oncophora with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) that ranged from 0.56 to 1.41% for the coriander oil and 0.51 to 1.76% for linalool. The coriander oil and linalool combinations conferred a synergistic anthelmintic effect (combination index [CI] <1) on larval motility comparable to positive control (20 mg/mL levamisole) within 24 h (p < 0.05), reduced IC50 values to 0.11–0.49% and induced a considerable structural damage to L3s. Results of the combined treatment were validated by quantitative fluorometric microplate-based assays using Sytox green, propidium iodide and C12-resazurin, which successfully discriminated live/dead larvae. Only Sytox green staining achieved IC50 values comparable to that of the larval motility assay. The cytotoxicity of the combined coriander oil and linalool on Madin–Darby Canine Kidney cells was evaluated using sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay and showed no significant cytotoxic effect at concentrations < 1%. These results indicate that testing essential oils and their main components may help to find new potential anthelmintic compounds, while at the same time reducing the reliance on synthetic anthelmintics.
Evaluating the implementation of the Reproductive Life Plan in disadvantaged communities: A mixed-methods study using the i-PARIHS framework

Introduction The Reproductive Life Plan (RLP) is a clinical tool to help clients find strategies to achieve their reproductive goals. Despite much research on the RLP from high-income countries, it has never been studied in low- or middle income countries. Together with health workers called Mentor Mothers (MMs), we used a context-adapted RLP in disadvantaged areas in Eswatini. Our aim was to evaluate the implementation of the RLP in this setting. Methodology MMs participated in focus group discussions (FGDs, n = 3 MMs n = 29) in January 2018 and at follow-up in May 2018 (n = 4, MMs n = 24). FGDs covered challenges in using the RLP, how to adapt it, and later experiences from using it. We used a deductive qualitative thematic analysis with the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework, creating themes guided by its four constructs: facilitation, innovation, recipients and context. The MMs also answered a questionnaire to assess the implementation process inspired by normalization process theory. Results The RLP intervention was feasible and acceptable among MMs and fit well with existing practices. The RLP questions were perceived as advantageous since they opened up discussions with clients and enabled reflection. All except one MM (n = 23) agreed or strongly agreed that they valued the effect the RLP has had on their work. Using the RLP, the MMs observed progress in pregnancy planning among their clients and thought it improved the quality of contraceptive counselling. The clients’ ability to form and achieve their reproductive goals was hampered by contextual factors such as intimate partner violence and women’s limited reproductive health and rights. Discussion The RLP was easily implemented in these disadvantaged communities and the MMs were key persons in this intervention. The RLP should be further evaluated among clients and suitable approaches to include partners are required.
Caries Prevalence Evolution and Risk Factors among Schoolchildren and Adolescents from Valencia (Spain): Trends 1998–2018

The aim of this study was to determine the caries status and risk factors in the schoolchildren of Spain’s Valencia region in 2018 and to compare them to the 20-year evolution of caries indicators in the region. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1722 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 15 using cluster sampling. Caries status, using International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) criteria, and sociodemographic variables were recorded. To ensure the comparison with previous studies using WHO caries criteria, the cut-off point was established at ICDAS II code 4. Caries prevalence was found to be 37.4% and the decayed and filled teeth index (dft) was 1.23 at 6 years for deciduous dentition (DD). In permanent dentition (PD) at 12 years, caries prevalence was 30.1% with a 0.66 decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT), and at 15 years, prevalence was 44.6% and DMFT was 1.21. Socioeconomic status poses a major risk factor for caries prevalence in deciduous dentition; it is 1.8 times higher in the lowest socioeconomic group. Deciduous dentition status has worsened in the most recent eight-year period, whereas in permanent dentition the 12- and 15-year values are similar to those of the 2010 survey. Evolution analysis suggests that community dental care programs be enhanced, involving preventive activities staring at the first year and targeting disadvantaged groups.
Analysis of data from the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) using Bayesian Item Response Theory

Abstract Objective IOI-HA response data are conventionally analysed assuming that the ordinal responses have interval-scale properties. This study critically considers this assumption and compares the conventional approach with a method using Item Response Theory (IRT). Design A Bayesian IRT analysis model was implemented and applied to several IOI-HA data sets. Study sample Anonymised IOI-HA responses from 13273 adult users of one or two hearing aids in 11 data sets using the Australian English, Dutch, German and Swedish versions of the IOI-HA. Results The raw ordinal responses to IOI-HA items do not represent values on interval scales. Using the conventional rating sum as an overall score introduces a scale error corresponding to about 10 − 15% of the true standard deviation in the population. Some interesting and statistically credible differences were demonstrated among the included data sets. Conclusions It is questionable to apply conventional statistical measures like mean, variance, t-tests, etc., on the raw IOI-HA ratings. It is recommended to apply only nonparametric statistical test methods for comparisons of IOI-HA results between groups. The scale error can sometimes cause incorrect conclusions when individual results are compared. The IRT approach is recommended for analysis of individual results.
Molecular Mechanisms of Reconsolidation-Dependent Memory Updating

Memory is not a stable record of experience, but instead is an ongoing process that allows existing memories to be modified with new information through a reconsolidation-dependent updating process. For a previously stable memory to be updated, the memory must first become labile through a process called destabilization. Destabilization is a protein degradation-dependent process that occurs when new information is presented. Following destabilization, a memory becomes stable again through a protein synthesis-dependent process called restabilization. Much work remains to fully characterize the mechanisms that underlie both destabilization and subsequent restabilization, however. In this article, we briefly review the discovery of reconsolidation as a potential mechanism for memory updating. We then discuss the behavioral paradigms that have been used to identify the molecular mechanisms of reconsolidation-dependent memory updating. Finally, we outline what is known about the molecular mechanisms that support the memory updating process. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying reconsolidation-dependent memory updating is an important step toward leveraging this process in a therapeutic setting to modify maladaptive memories and to improve memory when it fails.
Prevalence and distribution of pathogen infection and permethrin resistance in tropical and temperate populations of Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. collected worldwide

The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae), is a peridomestic, cosmopolitan parasite of dogs known to vector numerous pathogens of veterinary and medical importance. Recent phylogenetic analyses separate this tick into temperate and tropical lineages. Populations of Rh. sanguineus s.l. have been reported to exhibit sodium channel target site insensitivity to permethrin and etofenprox, which is likely due to the prolonged use of pyrethroids against many pests in and around the home. In this study, populations collected in the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, Europe and North America, were tested to identify the distribution of a known resistance mechanism, pathogen–vector interactions and phylogeny in relation to latitude. Using molecular assays, populations from 29 distinct locations were simultaneously geographically typed and screened for bacterial infection by Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Babesia and Hepatozoon species, and for the presence of a sodium channel single nucleotide polymorphism known to confer permethrin resistance. Implications of these results on Rh. sanguineus s.l. management in association with geographical distribution will be discussed.
Effect of Sublethal Blue Light on Herbal Extract Activity Against Volatile Sulfide Compound Production by Fusobacterium nucleatum

Previously, we have shown that sublethal exposure of blue light caused increased cell membrane permeability in Fusobacterium nucleatum. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of this exposure on the activity of Lavender, Sage, Echinacea and Mastic gum extracts against volatile sulfide compound (VSC) production by Fusobacterium nucleatum. Bacterial suspensions were pre‐exposed to blue light (400–500 nm) bellow minimal inhibitory dosage (sub‐MID). Exposed and nonexposed samples were inoculated into test tubes containing growth medium, filtered saliva with or without herbal extracts. Following incubation, test tubes were tested for malodor production (odor judge scores), VSC levels (OralChroma), salivary protein degradation (SDS‐PAGE) and bacterial cell membrane damage (fluorescence microscopy). Results showed that sub‐MID blue light exposure significantly increased the ability of Lavender and Echinacea to reduce VSC production by Fusobacterium nucleatum by more than 30%. These results suggest that sublethal blue light exposure may be useful to increase the efficacy of antimalodor agents.
Prejudice and Discrimination Toward Immigrants.

Prejudice and discrimination toward immigrants, and the consequences of these negative attitudes and behavior, are key determinants of the economic, sociocultural, and civic-political future of receiving societies and of the individuals who seek to make these societies their new home. In this article I review and organize the existing literature on the determinants and nature of prejudice and discrimination toward immigrants, summarizing what we know to date and the challenges in attributing effects to immigrant status per se. I also discuss the consequences of discrimination against immigrants for immigrants themselves, their families, and the societies in which they settle. I conclude by presenting key research questions and topics in this domain that should be at the top of the research agenda for those interested in intergroup relations in this age of mass migration. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 72 is January 4, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Age, Growth, Reproduction, and Diet of the Finetooth Shark, Carcharhinus isodon, in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion IV. FOOD HABITS OF THE FINETOOTH SHARK, CARCHARHINUS ISODON, IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO.68 Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results DiscussionIntroduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion v V. GENERAL CONCLUSION.85 APPENDICES.89 REFERENCES.91
Patterns of female fertility in heterostylous Primula sieboldii under pollinater limitation

1 In order to identify the mode and intensity of fertility selection in a heterostylous population under severe pollinator limitation, morph composition and intraand intermorph pollen loads, fruit and seed set were investigated in an isolated population of the endangered, heterostylous species Primula sieboldii. 2 Seventy-six genets were classified as either of the pin or thrum morph on the basis of measurements of stigma-anther separation and relative anther height, except for one genet that exhibited a short homostylous phenotype. There was a 1:1 ratio of pin and thrum plants in the population. 3 Measurements of stigmatic pollen load indicated that legitimate pollination (i.e. by the opposite morph) was extremely limited. Female fertility was generally low but varied significantly among style morphs and among genets within morphs. The pin morph showed significantly higher fertility than the thrum morph. High fruit and seed set was recorded for the short homostyle. 4 Legitimate pollination by hand resulted in a significant increase in fruit and seed set except for the homostyle where high spontaneous seed set already occurred. Intragenet pollination or illegitimate (i.e. intramorph) pollination resulted in no seed set. 5 It was concluded that pollen limitation is largely responsible for the low female fertility of plants in the population. Under severe pollinator limitation, it is possible that the self-fertile homostyle will have a selective advantage and will spread in the population.
Chemistry in cometary comae

Significant gas-phase chemistry occurs in the comae of bright comets, as is demonstrated here for the case of Comet Hale-Bopp. The abundance ratio of the two isomers, hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen isocyanide, is shown to vary with heliocentric distance in a way that is consistent with production of HNC by ion-molecule chemistry initiated by the photoionization of water. Likewise, the first maps of emission from HCO+ show an abundance and an extended distribution that are consistent with the same chemical model.
Parent-Child Interaction Among Depressed Fathers and Mothers: Impact on Child Functioning

Relatively little is known about whether children of depressed mothers versus fathers demonstrate similar difficulties and whether parent-child interaction moderates the effects of maternal depression, paternal depression, or both. In the current study, intact families with a depressed father (n = 50), a depressed mother (n = 41), and normal control families (n = 50) completed questionnaires and participated in videotaped problem-solving interactions. Results indicate that paternal and maternal depression were similarly associated with child adjustment problems and more impaired parent-child communication. Interestingly, maternal versus paternal depression was associated with increased parent-child negativity, whereas father-child interactions were more influential than mother-child interactions in predicting child outcome after controlling for parental depression.
An Empirical Study of Quick Remedy Commits

Software systems are continuously modified to implement new features, to fix bugs, and to improve quality attributes. Most of these activities are not atomic changes, but rather the result of several related changes affecting different parts of the code. For this reason, it may happen that developers omit some of the needed changes and, as a consequence, leave a task partially unfinished, introduce technical debt or, in the worst case scenario, inject bugs. Knowing the changes that are mistakenly omitted by developers can help in designing recommender systems able to automatically identify risky situations in which, for example, the developer is likely to be pushing an incomplete change to the software repository. We present a qualitative study investigating“quick remedy commits” performed by developers with the goal of implementing changes omitted in previous commits. With quick remedy commits we refer to commits that (i) quickly follow a commit performed by the same developer in the same repository, and (ii) aim at remedying issues introduced as the result of code changes omitted in the previous commit (e.g., fix references to code components that have been broken as a consequence of a rename refactoring). Through a manual analysis of 500 quick remedy commits, we define a taxonomy categorizing the types of changes that developers tend to omit. The defined taxonomy can guide the development of tools aimed at detecting omitted changes, and possibly autocomplete them.
Context Matters: Outcome Assessments for Associate’s Degree Psychology Programs

The article highlights the importance and challenges of identifying program-level outcome assessment strategies for associate’s degree psychology programs. We discuss the value of such program outcomes for quality assurance, improved teaching and learning, and efficient transfer. However, as we document, there is little uniformity in the psychology courses offered in associate’s degree programs, which are tailored to the unique context of the institution. As a result, the foundational outcomes offered in the American Psychological Association Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major 2.0 may not apply to all institutional contexts. The Associate’s Integration subcommittee of the Summit on National Assessment in Psychology developed new outcomes aligned to the foundational ones in Guidelines 2.0 to address the need for assessments across all institutional contexts. We conclude with suggestions for future discussion, research, and policy regarding program assessment for associate’s degree students.
OpenSZZ: A Free, Open-Source, Web-Accessible Implementation of the SZZ Algorithm

The accurate identification of defect-inducing commits represents a key problem for researchers interested in studying the naturalness of defects and defining defect prediction models. To tackle this problem, software engineering researchers have relied on and proposed several implementations of the well-known Sliwerski-Zimmermann-Zeller (SZZ) algorithm. Despite its popularity and wide usage, no open-source, publicly available, and web-accessible implementation of the algorithm has been proposed so far. In this paper, we prototype and make available one such implementation for further use by practitioners and researchers alike. The evaluation of the proposed prototype showed competitive results and lays the foundation for future work. This paper outlines our prototype, illustrating its usage and reporting on its evaluation in action.
Evaluation of federated learning aggregation algorithms: application to human activity recognition

Pervasive computing promotes the integration of connected electronic devices in our living spaces in order to assist us through appropriate services. Two major developments have gained significant momentum recently: a better use of fog resources and the use of AI techniques. Specifically, interest in machine learning approaches for engineering applications has increased rapidly. \ This paradigm seems to fit the pervasive environment well. However, federated learning has been applied so far to specific services and remains largely conceptual. It needs to be tested extensively on pervasive services partially located in the fog. In this paper, we present experiments performed in the domain of Human Activity Recognition on smartphones in order to evaluate existing algorithms.
Reunifying Successfully: A Systematic Review of Interventions to Reduce Child Welfare Recidivism

As many as one third of children who reunify from child welfare systems reenter care because of continued child maltreatment. This can have long-term deleterious effects on mental health. Yet, few studies have examined interventions that have been effective in promoting successful reunification or reunification that does not result in recidivism. This study presents findings from a systematic review of interventions that target successful reunification. We searched five academic databases, governmental and educational websites to identify prior literature. Three researchers extracted data from N = 216 studies retrieved and screened in 10 that met all inclusion criteria. However, small sample sizes, lack of replication of studies, and small effect sizes limit the generalizability of findings. As such, the findings from this review highlight a need for more rigorous studies to build the evidence base of post-permanence interventions for families that reunify.