Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the association of mass media with the timing of antenatal care in Ethiopia: an impression from the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey

Abstract Introduction Although the timing of antenatal care has a high potential of reducing maternal and child health problems and can be improved through different mass media exposure, it has been overlooked and remained a major life-costing delinquent issue. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the relationship between mass media exposure and ANC for further insight. Methods We used the 2016 Ethiopian Health and Demography (EDHS) data. EDHS is a community-based cross-sectional survey that applies a two-stage stratified cluster sampling and it is a country-representative. We included 4740 reproductive-age women with complete records in EDHS dataset in this study. We excluded records with missing data from the analysis. We used ordinal logistic regression followed by generalized ordinal logistic to examine mass media relationships with timely antenatal care (ANC). We presented data using numbers, mean, standard deviations, percent or proportions, coefficient of regression, and 95% confidence interval. All analyses were performed using STATA version 15. Result We examined the data of 4740 participants for the history of timely initiation of ANC and found 32.69% (95% CI = 31.34, 34.03) timely ANC. Factors such as watching television (TV) less than once a week [coef. = −0.72, CI: −1.04, −0.38], watching TV at least once a week [coef. = −0.60, CI: −0.84, −0.36], listening to radio [coef. = −0.38, CI: −0.84, −0.25], and use internet every day[coef. = −1.37, CI: −2.65, −0.09], are associated with the timely ANC. Conclusion Despite its association with improving the timing of ANC, our findings showed mothers need additional support on the use of the media and the timing of ANC. In addition to the mass media, other covariates such as educational status, family size, and husband’s desire affected the timely ANC imitation. These need attention during implementation to avert the current. This is also an essential input for policy and decision-makers.
Full band Monte Carlo investigation of electron transport in strained Si grown on Si1−xGex substrates

In-plane drift velocities determined by full band Monte Carlo simulations and drift mobility calculations are reported for electrons in strained Si grown on Si1−xGex substrates up to x=0.4 at 77 and 300 K. Drift mobilities of 28200 cm2/(V s) at 77 K and 2230 cm2/(V s) at 300 K are found for x=0.3. Strain enhances the drift velocity significantly only below electric fields of about 50 kV/cm. At 77 K the Gunn effect is predicted to occur above 15 kV/cm.
Magnetic versus structural properties of Co nanocluster thin films: A magnetic force microscopy study

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) has been employed to study thin films consisting of low-energy-deposited cobalt nanoclusters. On continuous cluster layers a clear magnetic stray field pattern can be observed, although measurements on individual clusters are complicated by interference from topography. The magnetic correlation length determined from MFM images is substantially larger than the size of a single cluster. This indicates that the clusters are magnetically coupled to form stable domains associated with the formation of a correlated super-spin-glass state.
Climate warming alters the relative importance of plant root and microbial community in regulating the accumulation of soil microbial necromass carbon in a Tibetan alpine meadow

Climate warming is predicted to considerably affect variations in soil organic carbon (SOC), especially in alpine ecosystems. Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) is an important contributor to stable soil organic carbon pools. However, accumulation and persistence of soil MNC across a gradient of warming are still poorly understood. An 8‐year field experiment with four levels of warming was conducted in a Tibetan meadow. We found that low‐level (+0–1.5°C) warming mostly enhanced bacterial necromass carbon (BNC), fungal necromass carbon (FNC), and total MNC compared with control treatment across soil layers, while no significant effect was caused between high‐level (+1.5–2.5°C) treatments and control treatments. The contributions of both MNC and BNC to soil organic carbon were not significantly affected by warming treatments across depths. Structural equation modeling analysis demonstrated that the effect of plant root traits on MNC persistence strengthened with warming intensity, while the influence of microbial community characteristics waned along strengthened warming. Overall, our study provides novel evidence that the major determinants of MNC production and stabilization may vary with warming magnitude in alpine meadows. This finding is critical for updating our knowledge on soil carbon storage in response to climate warming.
Maternal Self-Efficacy as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Postpartum Depression and Maternal Role Competence: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

INTRODUCTION This study aimed to (1) examine the relationships among postpartum depression, maternal self-efficacy, and maternal role competence, and to (2) test whether maternal self-efficacy mediates the relationship between postpartum depression and maternal role competence. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, we conveniently sampled 343 postpartum mothers from 3 primary health care facilities in Eswatini. Data were collected using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Maternal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and Perceived Competence Scale. Multiple linear regression models and structural equation modeling were performed in IBM SPSS and SPSS Amos to examine the studied associations and to test the mediation effect. RESULTS The participants were aged 18 to 44 (mean, 26.4; SD, 5.86) years, and the majority were unemployed (67.1%), had an unintended pregnancy (61.2%), received education during antenatal classes (82.5%), and fulfilled the cultural norm of the maiden home visit (58%). Adjusting for covariates, postpartum depression was negatively associated with maternal self-efficacy (β = -.24, P < .001) and maternal role competence (β = -.18, P = .001), whereas maternal self-efficacy was positively associated with maternal role competence (β = .41, P < .001). In the path analysis, postpartum depression only related to maternal role competence indirectly through maternal self-efficacy (β = -.10, P = .003). DISCUSSION High maternal self-efficacy was associated with high maternal role competence and fewer postpartum depression symptoms, suggesting that improving maternal self-efficacy may help reduce postpartum depression and may improve maternal role competence.
Development of a fast fiber-optic two-color pyrometer for the temperature measurement of surfaces with varying emissivities

A two-color pyrometer has been developed to measure the temperature of surfaces with unknown emissivities during high speed turning processes. Quartz fibers enable measurements at locations with limited optical access. The sensitivity of the pyrometer has to be high enough to measure temperatures down to 300 °C of an aluminum alloy with an emissivity as low as 0.2. The accuracy of the two-color pyrometer has been compared with the accuracy of monochromatic pyrometers for different metallic surfaces. The different arguments for the choice of the two pyrometer wavelengths 1.7 and 2.0 μm are explained. The influences of the surface emissivities, the digitization, and the noise on the absolute and relative measurement error have been determined. Fast amplifiers and data acquisition allow a maximum time resolution of a few microseconds and a local resolution of ∼0.5 mm2. Some test measurements of an aluminum alloy surface are presented.
Evaluation and management of male genital tract infections in the setting of male infertility: an updated review

Purpose of review Male infertility may be secondary to male genital tract infection (MGTI) in an estimated 15% of cases. In the absence of overt clinical signs, evaluation for MGTI beyond semen analysis is not well established. Therefore, we review the literature on the evaluation and management of MGTI in the setting of male infertility. Recent findings A set of international guidelines recommends semen culture and PCR testing, but the significance of positive results remains unclear. Clinical trials evaluating anti-inflammatory or antibiotic treatment report improvements in sperm parameters and leukocytospermia, but data on the effect on conception rates are lacking. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) have been associated with poor semen parameters and decreased conception rates. Summary The finding of leukocytospermia on semen analysis prompts further evaluation for MGTI, including focused physical examination. The role of routine semen culture is controversial. Treatment options include anti-inflammatories; frequent ejaculation; and antibiotics, which should not be used in the absence of symptoms or microbiological infection. SARS-CoV-2 represents a subacute threat to fertility that should be screened for in the reproductive history along with HPV and other viruses.
Experimental models of chemically induced Parkinson’s disease in zebrafish at the embryonic larval stage: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra that results in a decrease in dopamine levels, resulting in motor-type disturbances. Different vertebrate models, such as rodents and fish, have been used to study PD. In recent decades, Danio rerio (zebrafish) has emerged as a potential model for the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases due to its homology to the nervous system of humans. In this context, this systematic review aimed to identify publications that reported the utilization of neurotoxins as an experimental model of parkinsonism in zebrafish embryos and larvae. Ultimately, 56 articles were identified by searching three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). Seventeen studies using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 4 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), 24 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 6 paraquat/diquat, 2 rotenone, and 6 articles using other types of unusual neurotoxins to induce PD were selected. Neurobehavioral function, such as motor activity, dopaminergic neuron markers, oxidative stress biomarkers, and other relevant parameters in the zebrafish embryo-larval model were examined. In summary, this review provides information to help researchers determine which chemical model is suitable to study experimental parkinsonism, according to the effects induced by neurotoxins in zebrafish embryos and larvae.
Analysis of integrated spectra of red star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds

SIT digital spectra of the integrated light of 16 ''red'' star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds exhibit a wide variation of hydrogen line strength from cluster to cluster. In a plot of Balmer line against Ca K line equivalent width, almost all of the clusters in the sample lie apart from an empirical sequence of Galactic globular clusters. At given metallic line strength, the Cloud clusters have stronger Balmer lines. This is interpreted as indicating that few among the populous clusters in the Magellanic Clouds are as old as globular clusters. According to models of the integrated light, Balmer line strength remains sensitive to stars at the turnoff, and therefore to age, for faint turnoffs that are difficult to reach in a color-magnitude study. In the case of NGC 2209, for which both methods may be applied, good agreement is found for an age 2.1 +- 0.6 x 10/sup 9/ yr and a metallicity (Fe/H)roughly-equal-1. In the case of Kron 3, it is predicted that its turnoff, when securely known, will be fainter than V = 22. When combined with synthetic spectra for a range of age and composition, the hydrogen-metals diagnostic diagram has the potential to yield quantitative, independent more » estimates of age and metallicity with a modest investment of observing time. Integrated spectra of star clusters are a practival tool for exploring the history of chemical enrichment in galaxies too distant for the application of techniques based on single stars. « less
Intermediate asymptotics for convergent viscous gravity currents

Recent experiments by Diez et al. [Phys. Fluids A 4, 1148 (1992)] have shown that converging flow of a very viscous liquid over a rigid horizontal surface, near the time of convergence, approximates a certain self‐similar solution to the nonlinear diffusion equation governing the flow. This Brief Communication presents a rigorous mathematical theory of the flow considered by Diez et al., which justifies their observations.
Dispersion, convection, and reaction in porous media

The problem of transport of a reactive solute in a porous medium by convection and diffusion is studied for the case in which the solute particles undergo a first‐order chemical reaction on the surface of the bed. Assuming that the geometry is periodic, the method of homogenization is applied, showing explicitly that the effective equation is given by a Kramers–Moyal expansion, i.e., a partial differential equation of infinite order in which the nth term is the product of the nth gradient of the mean concentration by an nth‐order constant tensor. The effective values of reactivity, solute velocity, diffusivity, and of all the tensorial coefficients in the expansion are independent of the initial solute distribution and are expressed in terms of Peclet’s and Damkohler’s numbers, Pe=aV/D and Da=ak/D, respectively, where a is the cell size, V is the solvent mean velocity, D is the solute molecular diffusivity, and k is the surface reactivity, showing that they are independent of the initial solute distributi.
Optimal Block Designs With Interference Effects From Neighboring Units Under a Non Additive Model

Here, the optimality of block design with interference effect from neighboring unit under a general non additive model is investigated, which allows for the presence of interactions among the treatments applied in the adjacent plots. A non additive model with interference × direct effects of treatments is considered as these effects contribute significantly to the response. A class of complete block designs balanced for interference effects from left neighboring unit is shown to be universally optimal for the estimation of direct and interference effects of treatments and two such series of designs have been constructed. Furthermore, considering direct treatment × block non additivity with interference effects, the optimality is studied and the optimal designs are obtained.
Extreme enhancement of superconductivity in epitaxial aluminum near the monolayer limit

BCS theory has been widely successful at describing elemental bulk superconductors. Yet, as the length scales of such superconductors approach the atomic limit, dimensionality as well as the environment of the superconductor can lead to drastically different and unpredictable superconducting behavior. Here, we report a threefold enhancement of the superconducting critical temperature and gap size in ultrathin epitaxial Al films on Si(111), when approaching the 2D limit, based on high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements. Using spatially resolved spectroscopy, we characterize the vortex structure in the presence of a strong Zeeman field and find evidence of a paramagnetic Meissner effect originating from odd-frequency pairing contributions. These results illustrate two notable influences of reduced dimensionality on a BCS superconductor and present a platform to study BCS superconductivity in large magnetic fields.
Validation of a cage‐side agglutination card for Dal blood typing in dogs

Abstract Background Although 98% of the canine population is Dal‐positive, Dal‐negative dogs are more common in some breeds such as Doberman Pinschers (42.4%) and Dalmatians (11.7%), and finding compatible blood for these breeds may be challenging, given limited access to Dal blood typing. Objectives To validate a cage‐side agglutination card for Dal blood typing and determine the lowest packed cell volume (PCV threshold) at which interpretation remains accurate. Animals One‐hundred fifty dogs, including 38 blood donors, 52 Doberman Pinschers, 23 Dalmatians and 37 anemic dogs. Three additional Dal‐positive canine blood donors were included to establish the PCV threshold. Methods Dal blood typing was performed on blood samples preserved in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) <48 hours using the cage‐side agglutination card and a gel column technique (gold standard). The PCV threshold was determined using plasma‐diluted blood samples. All results were read by 2 observers, blinded to each other's interpretation and to the sample's origin. Results Interobserver agreement was 98% and 100% using the card and gel column assays, respectively. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of the cards were 86%‐87.6% and 96.6%‐100%, respectively, depending on the observer. However, 18 samples were mistyped using the agglutination cards (15/18 by both observers): 1 false‐positive (Doberman Pinscher), and 17 false‐negative samples including 13 anemic dogs (PCV range, 5%‐24%; median, 13%). The PCV threshold allowing reliable interpretation was determined to be >20%. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dal agglutination cards are reliable as a cage‐side test, but results should be interpreted cautiously in severely anemic patients.
Forbidden transitions in excitation by electron impact in Co3+: an R-matrix approach

Collision strengths for the electron-impact excitation of forbidden transitions between 136 terms arising from 3d6, 3d54s and 3d54p configurations of Co3+ have been calculated using the R-matrix method. The accuracy of a series of models for the target terms was considered, which form the basis for R-matrix collision calculations. The importance of including configuration interaction wave functions both in the target-state expansion and in the (N+1)-electron quadratically integrable function expansion is discussed. Collision strengths were calculated for incident electron energies up to 6 Ryd. These results are believed to be the first such values for this system and will be important for plasma modelling.
Band structure for the propagation of elastic waves in superlattices

A 2×2 transfer matrix approach is used to study the elastic response of multilayered systems. Superlattices with a period of n layers are considered to calculate the dispersion relations of the normal modes for both longitudinal and transverse waves, and the reflectivity of longitudinal modes for finite and semi‐infinite structures. Numerical results of the dispersion relation for a two‐ and three‐layer period superlattice are presented to show the band structure of wave propagation. For transverse waves, it is considered that the single layer may support surface modes and it is found that their interaction with those of the adjacent layers also yield a band structure. The calculated reflectivity of longitudinal elastic waves for the semi‐inifinite superlattices resembles the allowed and forbidden regions of the dispersion relations. The theoretical reflectivity curves of sound waves are compared with the experimental results for the three‐layer systems. A good agreement between theory and experiment is o.
Solar-flare-induced Forbush decreases - Dependence on shock wave geometry

This paper presents an analysis of the effect of flare-induced shock waves on the intensity of relativistic cosmic rays at 1 AU. We find that the intensity of cosmic ray protons falls abruptly as the shock wae passes the earth and recovers as the compression region moves into the outer heliosphere. The intensity versus time profile we obtain is consistent with observed flare-induced Forbush decreases. The principal mechanism is found to be simply prolonged containment of the cosmic ray particles in the region between the flare shock wave and the sun. This leads to additional adiabatic cooling of the particles and a corresponding decrease in particle intensity. Acceleration mechanisms at the shocks are found to play little role at relativistic energies. We investigate the dependence of both the maximum intensity decrease and recovery time on such parameters as particle diffusion coefficient, particle rigidity, and flare geometry. It is found that flares located to the east of the earth-sun line produce effects than those located to the west. The magnitude of the intensity reduction decreases as a function of increasing diffusion coefficient and increasing particle rigidity. Throughout most of our analysis we assume the flare compression region to have a longitudinalmore » extent of 180/sup 0/, but as an extreme case we investigate the effect of a completely spherical blast wave. This, as expected, has a substantilly increased effect on both the magnitude of the decrease and, more significantly, on the recovery profile. « less
Colon adenocarcinoma and Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome in a young patient: case report and exploration of pathologic implications

ABSTRACT Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline mutations in the folliculin gene (FLCN) that result in the functional loss of the tumor suppressor folliculin. It is classically associated with cutaneous hamartomas, pulmonary cysts with spontaneous pneumothorax, and various renal cancers. In this case, we present a patient initially diagnosed with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and subsequently found to have colorectal cancer (CRC). The presence of two separate malignancies in a young patient with a strong family history of CRC (father and paternal grandfather) led to genetic testing, which revealed an FLCN c.1177–5_1177-3del mutation, and a diagnosis of BHD was made. Out of the more than 300 known unique mutations of the FLCN coding region, the c.1285dupC mutation on exon 11 has been the only one convincingly associated with CRC thus far. While larger cohort studies are needed to further clarify this association, we present the first patient with CRC to our knowledge with an FLCN c.1177–5_1177-3del mutation and loss of heterozygosity implicating it as an initiating factor in tumorigenesis. We further explore the studies supporting and refuting the connection between BHD and CRC and highlight the molecular signaling pathways that may play a role in pathogenesis.
Drug-drug interactions with direct oral anticoagulants for the prevention of ischemic stroke and embolism in atrial fibrillation: a narrative review of adverse events

ABSTRACT Introduction In randomized trials, direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) were non-inferior to the vitamin-K-antagonist (VKA) warfarin in preventing stroke/embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). DOAC are substrates for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. The activity of these enzymes is modulated by several drugs which might induce pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (DDI). Drugs affecting platelet function have the potential for pharmacodynamic DDI of DOAC. Areas covered The literature was searched for: ‘dabigatran,’ ‘rivaroxaban,’ ‘edoxaban,’ or ‘apixaban’ and drugs affecting platelet function, CYP3A4-, CYP2C9- or P-gp-activity. Reports about bleeding and embolic events attributed to DDI with DOAC in AF-patients were found for 43 of 171 drugs with interacting potential (25%), most frequently with antiplatelet and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Whereas a co-medication of platelet-affecting drugs is invariably reported to increase the bleeding risk, the findings regarding P-gp-, CYP3A4- and CYP2C9- activity-affecting drugs are ambiguous. Expert opinion Tests for plasma DOAC-levels and information about DDI of DOAC should be widely available and user-friendly. If advantages and disadvantages of DOAC and VKA can be investigated exhaustively, individualized anticoagulant therapy can be offered to patients, considering co-medication, comorbidities, genetic and geographic factors and the health care system.