Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vivo diffusion‐weighted MRS using semi‐LASER in the human brain at 3 T: Methodological aspects and clinical feasibility

Diffusion‐weighted (DW‐) MRS investigates non‐invasively microstructural properties of tissue by probing metabolite diffusion in vivo. Despite the growing interest in DW‐MRS for clinical applications, little has been published on the reproducibility of this technique. In this study, we explored the optimization of a single‐voxel DW‐semi‐LASER sequence for clinical applications at 3 T, and evaluated the reproducibility of the method under different experimental conditions. DW‐MRS measurements were carried out in 10 healthy participants and repeated across three sessions. Metabolite apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated from mono‐exponential fits (ADCexp) up to b = 3300 s/mm2, and from the diffusional kurtosis approach (ADCK) up to b = 7300 s/mm2. The inter‐subject variabilities of ADCs of N‐acetylaspartate + N‐acetylaspartylglutamate (tNAA), creatine + phosphocreatine, choline containing compounds, and myo‐inositol were calculated in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and in the corona radiata (CR). We explored the effect of physiological motion on the DW‐MRS signal and the importance of cardiac gating and peak thresholding to account for signal amplitude fluctuations. Additionally, we investigated the dependence of the intra‐subject variability on the acquisition scheme using a bootstrapping resampling method. Coefficients of variation were lower in PCC than CR, likely due to the different sensitivities to motion artifacts of the two regions. Finally, we computed coefficients of repeatability for ADCexp and performed power calculations needed for designing clinical studies. The power calculation for ADCexp of tNAA showed that in the PCC seven subjects per group are sufficient to detect a difference of 5% between two groups with an acquisition time of 4 min, suggesting that ADCexp of tNAA is a suitable marker for disease‐related intracellular alteration even in small case–control studies. In the CR, further work is needed to evaluate the voxel size and location that minimize the motion artifacts and variability of the ADC measurements.
Immunoglobulin G amplifies the production of regulatory rheumatoid factor in vitro through idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions

ABSTRACT Immunoglobulin G can inhibit antibody response. The mechanism of immunosuppression by immunoglobulins remains unknown. Recently, we found a new factor of immunoregulation referred to as regulatory rheumatoid factor (regRF). RegRF prevents autoimmunity and reduces experimental autoimmune reactions. RegRF comprises a population of anti-idiotypic antibodies that have a unique paratope specific to the antigen-binding sites of the antibodies, and a shared paratope specific to neoepitopes of IgG Fc fragments. Given the specificity of regRF, we can anticipate that IgG would be able to induce regRF production, and consequently that the immunosuppressive effect of IgG may be mediated by regRF. We found that IgG induces regRF production in a culture of B lymphocytes obtained from the red bone marrow of intact rats. IgG does not expose neoepitopes recognized by the shared paratope of regRF, and does not acquire them in culture. Therefore, the stimulation of regRF production induced by IgG is not a result of the interaction between the shared paratope of regRF and the neoepitopes of IgG. Fc fragments of IgG are unable to stimulate regRF production. Fab fragments inhibit spontaneous regRF production. F(ab´)2 fragments stimulate regRF production in lymphocyte culture. We theorize that IgG activates regRF-producing lymphocytes through idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions.
Alcohol, drogas, sexo y violencia: riesgos y consecuencias para la salud entre los jóvenes turistas británicos en las Islas Baleares

Antecedentes: Consumo de sustancias, conducta sexual de riesgo y violencia son los principales problemas de salud que sufren los jovenes en la actualidad. Todo ello supone una gran labor preventiva en el Reino Unido, pero escasea la informacion sobre la prevencion en los centros turisticos internacionales. Metodos: Realizamos un estudio transversal entre 1033 turistas britanicos, de edades entre los 16 y los 35 anos en los aeropuertos de Ibiza y Mallorca (Espana). El estudio analizo la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol, drogas, borracheras, actividad sexual y experiencias negativas en Inglaterra y en el extranjero durante las vacaciones. Resultados: El consumo de drogas ilegales fue mas frecuente en Ibiza. Mas de la mitad (53,9%) admitieron haber consumido al menos una droga ilegal en vacaciones (frente al 13,9% en Mallorca) y un tercio consumieron mas de una. Sin embargo, los turistas de Mallorca se embriagaron con mas frecuencia y con peores consecuencias (discusiones, peleas, danos involuntarios, enfermedades y necesidad de recibir asistencia medica). En ambos lugares la frecuencia del consumo de sustancias aumento en vacaciones. La cuarta parte de los que viajaron sin pareja mantuvieron relaciones sexuales en vacaciones, y de ellos un tercio no utilizo siempre condones. La embriaguez frecuente se asocio a peleas, danos involuntarios y relaciones sexuales con una nueva pareja. El consumo de drogas ilegales, particularmente el policonsumo de drogas, se asocio a peleas y sexo sin proteccion. Conclusiones: Los turistas jovenes afrontan considerables riesgos de salud en vacaciones. Identificar los centros turisticos asociados con las diferentes conductas de riesgo es fundamental para realizar campanas de proteccion de la salud y ejecutar medidas de reduccion del dano.
The success of stem cell transplantations and the potential post-transplantation complications may be dependent, among other factors, on the capacity of the recipient and the transplanted cells to repair DNA damage

Cell therapy is presently a treatment of choice for many types of haematological and metabolic diseases and is likely to become a therapeutic option for other severe human diseases and conditions in the near future. The success of cell transplantation depends on a variety of factors, including the degree of HLA match between the donor and the recipient, the infectious burden of the graft, cell dosage, age, general state of the recipient and other incompletely characterised features of the donor and the recipient. It is likely that the individual capacity for identification and repair of DNA damage and maintenance of genomic integrity may account, at least in part, for these elusive factors that modulate transplantation outcome in terms of success rate and both long and short term posttransplantation complications. This paper outlines the role of individual repair capacity of the donor and recipient in cell transplantations, summarising the little knowledge already accumulated in the field whilst analysing the known major issues of the use of different types of stem cells. Attention will be given to their capacity to maintain the integrity of their genome, the ability to renew their own population, differentiate into various cell types and in ‡ © Reynolds L. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase HRD1 Promotes Lung Tumorigenesis by Promoting Sirtuin 2 Ubiquitination and Degradation

The NAD-dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) plays critical roles in mitosis and cell cycle progression and recently was shown to suppress tumor growth and to be downregulated in several types of cancers. However, the underlying mechanism of SIRT2 downregulation remains unknown. In this study, using bioinformatics, gene expression profiling, protein overexpression approaches, and cell migration assays, we showed that E3 ubiquitin ligase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase degradation 1 (HRD1) interacts with SIRT2 and promotes its ubiquitination and degradation. ABSTRACT The NAD-dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) plays critical roles in mitosis and cell cycle progression and recently was shown to suppress tumor growth and to be downregulated in several types of cancers. However, the underlying mechanism of SIRT2 downregulation remains unknown. In this study, using bioinformatics, gene expression profiling, protein overexpression approaches, and cell migration assays, we showed that E3 ubiquitin ligase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase degradation 1 (HRD1) interacts with SIRT2 and promotes its ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, we found that HRD1 deficiency induces SIRT2 upregulation and inhibits the growth and tumor formation of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Of note, we observed that SIRT2 expression is downregulated in human lung cancer and also negatively correlates with HRD1 expression in these cancers. Additionally, we found that patients with lung adenocarcinoma having lower HRD1 or higher SIRT2 expression levels tend to survive longer. On the basis of these results, we propose a mechanism of lung tumorigenesis that involves HRD1-mediated downregulation of SIRT2 and suggest that interventions targeting HRD1 activity could be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat patients with lung cancer.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A New Approach to Preventing Relapse

Kabat-Zinn, Foreword. Part I: The Challenge of Depression. Introduction. Depression: The Scope of the Problem. Cognition, Mood, and the Nature of Depressive Relapse. Developing Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy. Models in Mind. Part II: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy. The Eight-session Program: How and Why. Automatic Pilot: Session 1. Dealing with Barriers: Session 2. Mindfulness of the Breath: Session 3. Staying Present: Session 4. Allowing/Letting Be: Session 5. Thoughts are Not Facts: Session 6. How Can I Best Take Care of Myself? : Session 7. Using What Has Been Learned to Deal with Future Moods: Session 8. Part III: Evaluation and Dissemination. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Trial. Going Further: Further Reading, Websites, and Addresses. Epilogue.
Management of Fungal Peritonitis during Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

A group of 138 patients (pts) on CAPD for a total of 1889 patientmonths had 176 episodes of peritonitis. Eighteen (13%) had fungal peritonitis at one to 20 months after beginning CAPD. The responsible organisms were Candida albicans (nine pts), Candida parapsilosis (five), Candida torulopsis (three), and Trichosporum capitatum (one). These infections were treated by various combinations of antifungal agents using two different strategies: Removal of the Tenckhoff catheter and interruption of CAPD for 10 to 14 days in nine pts (Group A), and continuous peritoneal lavage for four to six days in the remainder -nine pts (Group B). Fourteen of the 18 were cured (seven of nine in each group). In group A, two patients died, one continues on CAPD while the other six (67%) were transferred to hemodialysis because they developed peritoneal adhesions with significant loss in peritoneal space. In group B, only two patients have been transferred to hemodialysis; the other seven continue on CAPD. In our experience, the preferred initial form of treatment is continuous peritoneal lavage in conjunction with antifungal therapy. Catheter removal should be reserved for those who fail to respond to this treatment. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is now accepted as a alternative treatment for end-stage renal disease. However, despite continuous progress in this field, peritonitis still remains a major complication and results in increased morbidity and cost. Although pathogenic fungi account for only 2 7% of peritonitis in patients on CAPD (1–3), the illness is severe and represents a major clinical challenge to these patients. In addition, the therapy of fungal peritonitis is still controversial, especially with regard to the need for removal of the catheter. This paper presents a retrospective study and describes our experience during the past four years with the management of fungal peritonitis in 18 patients undergoing CAPD at our center.
Reply:

A combination of weekly pegylated interferon (peginterferon) alpha and daily ribavirin represents the standard of care for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C according to current guidelines. It is not established which of the two licensed products (peginterferon alpha-2a or peginterferon alfa-2b) is most effective. We performed a systematic review of head-to-head randomized trials to assess the benefits and harms of the two treatments. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS through July 2009. Using standardized forms, two reviewers independently extracted data from each eligible trial report. We statistically combined data using a random effects meta-analysis according to the intention-to-treat principle. We identified 12 randomized clinical trials, including 5, 008 patients, that compared peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin versus peginterferon alfa-26 plus ribavirin. Overall, peginterferon alpha-2a significantly increased the number of patients who achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) versus peginterferon alfa-26 (47% versus 41% ; risk ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.19 ; P = 0.004 [eight trials]). Subgroup analyses of risk of bias, viral genotype, and treatment history yielded similar results. The meta-analysis of adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation included 11 trials and revealed no significant differences between the two peginterferons. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that peginterferon alpha-2a is associated with higher SVR than peginterferon alfa-2b. However, the paucity of evidence on adverse events curbs the decision to definitively recommend one peginterferon over the other, because any potential benefit must outweigh the risk of harm. (HEPATOLOGY 2010 ; 51:1176-1184.)
Enteral Immunonutrition for Malignant Gastrointestinal Tumor during Perioperative Period:A Meta-Analysis

Objective To systematically review the effects of enteral immunonutrition(EIN) on postoperative infection and the length of hospital stay in patients with gastrointestinal cancer after surgery,in order to provide high quality evidence for the rational perioperation nutrition plan for patients with malignant gastrointestinal tumor.Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) published in English about application of EIN vs.general treatment for gastrointestinal surgery published from Jan.1st,1997 to Oct.31st 2012 were retrieved in the following databases:PubMed,Ovid,and EMbase.References of the included studies were also retrieved.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,two reviewers independently screened studies,extracted data,and evaluated the methodological quality.Then,meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2 software.Results 19 RCTs involving 2 298 patients were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that:there was no significant difference between the postoperative EIN group and the control group in reducing the risk of postoperative infection(OR=0.91,95%CI 0.56 to 1.47,P=0.70);But postoperative and perioperative EIN had reduced the risk of postoperative infection with a significant difference(OR=0.57,95%CI 0.39 to 0.82,P=0.002;OR=0.52,95%CI 0.35 to 0.76,P=0.000 9). Additionally,the results of sensitivity analysis revealed that:no matter when EIN was used(during preoperative,postoperative,or perioperative periods),it reduced the length of postoperative hospital stay with significant differences,compared to the standard nutrition group(OR=-2.39,95%CI -3.28 to -1.49,P-0.000-01;OR=-2.42,95%CI -4.07 to -0.78,P=0.004;OR=-2.76,95%CI -3.46 to -2.06,P0.000 01). Conclusion Current evidence shows that perioperative EIN can decrease postoperative infection and reduce the length of hospital stay of patients with malignant gastrointestinal tumor.Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies,high quality RCTs are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Reading Strategies to Develop Higher Thinking Skills for Reading Comprehension

This paper reports an action research project which examined the foreign language reading comprehension of public school eighth graders who experienced a directed reading-thinking approach with strategies for comprehension and application. The strategies used were prediction, prior knowledge, graphic organizers, and questions. Data analyzed included participants’ perceptions of the usefulness of the strategies and students’ work on the graphic organizers and reading worksheets. Findings showed that participants thought that the strategies and an interactive reading task improved reading comprehension. The majority of students used English to answer knowledge, comprehension and a good number of application questions. The answers to the application questions provided by the less proficient students were, despite their use of Spanish, unclear. Key words: Foreign language teaching, reading comprehension, directed reading-thinking approach, thinking skills, reading strategies En este articulo se hace un reporte sobre un proyecto de investigacion accion que examino la comprension de lectura en lengua extranjera de estudiantes de grado octavo de un colegio publico, quienes vivenciaron un enfoque de lectura dirigida hacia el pensamiento, con estrategias para la comprension y la aplicacion. Se utilizaron las estrategias de prediccion, conocimiento previo, organizadores graficos y preguntas. El analisis de datos incluyo las percepciones de los participantes sobre la utilidad de las estrategias y el trabajo de los estudiantes en organizadores graficos y en talleres de lectura. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes consideraron que las estrategias y una actividad de lectura interactiva permitieron mejorar la comprension de lectura. La mayoria de los estudiantes usaron el ingles para responder a preguntas de conocimiento, comprension y un buen numero de preguntas de aplicacion. Se encontro ademas que las respuestas que dieron los estudiantes con bajo nivel de ingles a las preguntas de aplicacion no fueron claras, a pesar del uso de espanol. Palabras clave: ensenanza de lenguas extranjeras, comprension de lectura, enfoque de lectura dirigida hacia el pensamiento, habilidades del pensamiento, estrategias de lectura
Agroecology

Agroecology is the interdisciplinary study of how agricultural production of plants and animals affects and is affected by the local environment. Agroecology emphasizes sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches to agricultural production. The agroecology major combines concepts of crop production with those of environmental protection to develop a balance between production and environmental issues. This major provides students the opportunity to specialize in ecological/sustainable aspects of crop production. Potential areas of employment include: farm and environmental consulting, organic farms, parks, lawn care and maintenance companies, agricultural supply companies, cooperative extension, and state and federal government support agencies.
Intergroup perception in naturally occurring groups of differential status: A social relations perspective.

This study investigated intergroup perception in well-acquainted groups. Also of interest were the effects of a naturally occurring status differential on these perceptions. The study is framed within the social relations model, which provides a measure of in-group bias as well as 3 innovative measures of out-group homogeneity. Results indicated that low-status groups consistently displayed out-group favoritism. High-status groups displayed in-group bias, but only on ratings of leadership ability. The results also provided consistent evidence of out-group homogeneity. In instances when group status moderated out-group homogeneity effects, members of the high-status groups perceived their in-group as more variable than the out-group, whereas members of the low-status groups tended to see the in-group and out-group as equally variable.
The possible therapeutic effect of ‘Chaetomium globosum’ fungal extract on experimentally induced rheumatoid arthritis

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that leads to chronic inflammation in the joints with subsequent cartilage and bone destruction. RA induces a massive burden on health services worldwide. Aim of the work This study was designed to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of ‘Chaetomium globosum’ extract in the treatment of RA in a rat model. Materials and methods Forty male Wistar albino rats aged 8–10 weeks were divided into four groups of 10 rats each. The control group (group I) was injected subcutaneously with 0.1 ml of saline. RA was induced in the other three groups (groups II, III, and IV) by single subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml of complete Freund’s adjuvant in the footpad of the right hind paw. Group II was induced with arthritis and left untreated. Rats in groups III and IV were treated by administering either C. globosum 10 &mgr;g/kg or methotrexate (MTX) 0.3 mg/kg subcutaneously twice weekly for 2 weeks from day 12 after induction of arthritis. Animals of all groups were sacrificed on day 28 from the start of the experiment. The ankle joints were processed and stained with H&E, Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemical stain for inducible nitric oxide synthase. Specimens were also processed for transmission electron microscopic study. Results Untreated arthritic rats revealed paw swelling, synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltration, collagen accumulation, cartilage degradation, bone destruction, and significant increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase-positive chondrocytes. Transmission electron microscopic examination confirmed these results. The present study demonstrated for the first time that C. globosum significantly reduced all the clinical and histopathological changes of arthritis similar to MTX. Conclusion C. globosum extract had therapeutic effects similar to the well-established drug MTX and could be devoid of its serious side effects.
The proceedings of the twenty-fourth annual Child Language Research Forum

1. Foreword 2. Learning the language of space Barbara Landau 3. Where do constraints on word meaning come from? Paul Bloom 4. The effect of labeling on children's attention to objects Amanda Woodward 5. The verb-specific organization of children's early grammars Raquel S. Olguin and Michael Tomasello 6. Early encoding of temporal reference in German Heike Behrens 7. Event quantification in preschoolers' comprehension of negation Kenneth F. Drozd and William Philip 8. Sentence subjects and the assignment of target of modal force: children's use of the mandarin modal auxiliary Jainsheng Guo 9. Monotonicity and the acquisition of weak Wh-Islands William Philip and Jill de Villers 10. Early acquisition of passive morphology in inuktikut Shanley E. M. Allen and Martha B. Crago 11. Modeling the effects of processing limitations on the acquisition of morphology: the less is more hypothesis Boris N. Goldowsky and Elissa L. Newport 12. Artificial overregularizations? Michael Maratosos 13. Are doggies really little? Evidence from children's use of diminuitives Trisha Svaib 14. Cryptotypes, meaning-form mappings and overgeneralizations Ping Li 15. Native language reacquisition in early childhood Dan I. Slobin, Lisa Dasinger, Aylin Kuntay and Cecile Toupin 16. Language mixing and language dominance in bilingual first language acquisition Elizabeth Lanza 17. How do infants extract words from the speech stream? 18. A discussion of the bootstrapping problem for lexical acquisition Anne Christophe, Emmanuel Dupoux and Jacques Mehler 19. General index 20. Language index.