Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forecasts for ΛCDM and Dark Energy Models through Einstein Telescope Standard Sirens

: Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy provides an independent way to estimate cosmological parameters. The detection of GWs from a coalescing binary allows a direct measurement of its luminosity distance, so these sources are referred to as “standard sirens” in analogy to standard candles. We investigate the impact of constraining cosmological models on the Einstein Telescope, a third-generation detector which will detect tens of thousands of binary neutron stars. We focus on non-ﬂat Λ CDM cosmology and some dark energy models that may resolve the so-called Hubble tension. To evaluate the accuracy down to which ET will constrain cosmological parameters, we consider two types of mock datasets depending on whether or not a short gamma-ray burst is detected and associated with the gravitational wave event using the THESEUS satellite. Depending on the mock dataset, different statistical estimators are applied: one assumes that the redshift is known, and another marginalizes it, taking a speciﬁc prior distribution.
Surface Characteristics of Observed Cold Pools

Abstract Cold pools are a key element in the organization of precipitating convective systems, yet knowledge of their typical surface characteristics is largely anecdotal. To help to alleviate this situation, cold pools from 39 mesoscale convective system (MCS) events are sampled using Oklahoma Mesonet surface observations. In total, 1389 time series of surface observations are used to determine typical rises in surface pressure and decreases in temperature, potential temperature, and equivalent potential temperature associated with the cold pool, and the maximum wind speeds in the cold pool. The data are separated into one of four convective system life cycle stages: first storms, MCS initiation, mature MCS, and MCS dissipation. Results indicate that the mean surface pressure rises associated with cold pools increase from 3.2 hPa for the first storms’ life cycle stage to 4.5 hPa for the mature MCS stage before dropping to 3.3 hPa for the dissipation stage. In contrast, the mean temperature (potential tem.
Pendulum as Vibration Absorber for Flexible Structures: Experiments and Theory

The dynamic response ofa beam-tip mass-pendulum system subjected to a sinusoidal excitation is investigated. A simple pendulum mounted to a tip mass of a beam is used as a vibration absorber. The nonlinear equations of motion are developed to investigate the autoparametric interaction between the first two modes of the system. The nonlinear terms appear due to the curvature of the beam and the coupling effect between the beam and pendulum. Complete energy transfer between modes is shown to occur when the beam frequency is twice the pendulum frequency. Experimental results are compared with a theoretical solution obtained using numerical integration. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the theory.
Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C at a Primary Healthcare centre in Ghana

Background: The advent of emerging infections such as SARS-CoV-2 has brought forth the public health crises of neglected diseases in the LMICs. Viral hepatitis infections remain a public health problem especially in the advent of emerging. Viral hepatitis which preponderantly afflicts citizens of LMICs is one such group of diseases which exerts considerable burden in these countries, especially, hepatitis B and C. There is an effective vaccine against Hepatitis B and curative treatment to hepatitis C, however, access has been hampered resulting in deleterious sequalae. Identifying population afflicted by these infections could lead to prevention of the complications. Materials and methods: Retrospective review of electronic data on individuals screened for hepatitis B and C at the University of Cape Coast Hospital were abstracted. Data abstracted included hepatitis B and C test status, age, sex, previous immunisation history and region of residence. Overall prevalence and prevalence in different categories were calculated. Results: Data for 6,006 were collected and used for the analyses. The overall prevalence for hepatitis B in the study group was 5.06%. The prevalence for hepatitis C was 0.93%. Conclusion: The burden of hepatitis B and C infection in Ghana is still high.
The combined impact of future space‐based atmospheric sounding instruments on numerical weather‐prediction analysis fields: A simulation study

Previous studies have illustrated that assimilation into numerical weather prediction models of both space‐based radio‐occultation and advanced‐infrared‐sound er measurements will add significantly to our knowledge of the atmospheric state. In this study we show the degree to which the information contained in these data are complementary or whether there is significant redundancy between the observations.
Inducing quantum coherence via decays and incoherent pumping with application to population trapping, lasing without inversion, and quenching of spontaneous emission

Quantum interference in a decaying three-level system of V type with degenerate upper levels driven by a single incoherent field is shown to lead to a coherent population-trapping state and more generally to a population-locked state. The latter is a state with half the population locked in two upper states regardless of the strength of incoherent pumping and decay rates. We reveal the mechanism by which half the population is pumped to the upper states no matter how weak is the incoherent pumping. Transient regimes of gain without inversion and inversion without gain are demonstrated. Quenching of spontaneous emission due to electron collisions is also discussed in support of the experiments and ideas of Suckewer and [Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1122 (1988)].
Diffusion-synthetic acceleration methods for the discrete-ordinates equations

The diffusion-synthetic acceleration (DSA) method is an iterative procedure for obtaining numerical solutions of discrete-ordinates problems. The DSA method is operationally more complicated than the standard source-iteration (SI) method, but if encoded properly it converges much more rapidly, especially for problems with diffusion-like regions. In this article we describe the basic ideas beind the DSA method and give a (roughly chronological) review of its long development. We conclude with a discussion which covers additional topics, including some remaining open problems and the status of current efforts aimed at solving these problems.
Event-Triggered Adaptive Robust Control for a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems With Application to Mechatronic System

Adaptive robust control technique is investigated to devise trajectory tracking event-triggered controller for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. Different from most existing results, this article divides the entire control input into two parts, including the model compensation input term and the robust term, which are separately dealt with by means of special triggered mechanisms. The advantage of separation is that the system reduces the magnitude of chattering amplitude within triggered inputs. To balance the information updating frequency and the magnitude of chattering amplitude, this article proposes the dynamic-threshold-triggered mechanism and provides a new Lyapunov function to guarantee the global boundedness of all the closed-loop signals as well as the convergence of the tracking error to an arbitrary small set around zero. This article also considers desired compensation adaptive robust event-triggered control strategy, thereby further saving bandwidth resources and smoothing the triggered inputs. The Zeno behavior is excluded for two triggering schemes. Finally, simulation and hardware-in-the-loop experiments are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
Twist vortices and their instabilities in the Taylor–Couette system

The problem of three-dimensional flows arising from the twist instability of Taylor vortices is investigated numerically in the narrow gap limit of the Taylor–Couette system with nearly corotating cylinders. There are two types of twist vortices: those that do not deform the in– and outflow boundaries of the Taylor vortices and those that do. The latter type are called wavy twist vortices and correspond to class II of Nagata (1986). The stability of the twist vortices with respect to arbitrary infinitesimal disturbances is analysed with the result that the twist solutions are unstable within a large part of the parameter space with respect to Eckhaus and skewed-varicose-type instabilities. An analytical model is described which fits the numerical results on the transition from axisymmetric vortices to unstable twist solutions. The theoretical findings are compared with experimental observations.
Toxic hepatitis after exposure to humidifier disinfectant: A case series report

Health damage from humidifier disinfectants is an unprecedented environmental health disaster. Humidifier disinfectants were used broadly in Korea from 1994 to 2011. Most studies have focused on respiratory problems because of the exposure route and primary respiratory symptoms. This overlooks the previous research results that humidifier disinfectants could move to extrapulmonary organs and induce toxic effects. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine toxic hepatitis cases developed after inhaling humidifier disinfectant. We focused on the indications of toxic hepatitis in two pediatric cases and one female adult case. All patients were exposed to humidifier disinfectants in a residential space. These disinfectants all contained polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG). Rapid increases in blood hepatic enzyme levels were seen. Two patients were discharged after treatment. Death occurred in one patient who was diagnosed with fulminant hepatitis of unknown cause. This human case series study supports prior knowledge that hepatotoxicity can occur by inhaling humidifier disinfectant.
Virulence of Metarhizium rileyi Is Determined by Its Growth and Antioxidant Stress and the Protective and Detoxifying Enzymes of Spodoptera frugiperda

Simple Summary Metarhizium rileyi (XSBN200920 and HNQLZ200714) were isolated from diseased S. frugiperda. This study not only elucidated the pathogenic process of Metahizium rileyi from the activities of the host detoxifying enzyme and protective enzyme but also identified the key factors responsible for the variation in virulence between XSBN200920 and HNQLZ200714 based on the growth of pathogenic fungi, the expression of antioxidant stress genes (SOD and CAT genes), and the expression of antioxidant enzymes. the high virulence of M. rileyi XSBN200920 was not only determined by the expression levels of protective and detoxifying enzymes of the host but also regulated by the growth of entomogenic fungi and the resistance to the oxidative stress against S. frugiperda at different developmental stages. This study provides a theoretical basis for the systematic control of Spodoptera frugiperda using Metarhizium rileyi. Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most destructive crop pests in the world. Metarhizium rileyi is an entomopathogenic fungus specific for noctuid pests and is a very promising prospect in biological control against S. frugiperda. Two M. rileyi strains (XSBN200920 and HNQLZ200714) isolated from infected S. frugiperda were used to evaluate the virulence and biocontrol potential to different stages and instars of S. frugiperda. The results showed that XSBN200920 was significantly more virulent than HNQLZ200714 to eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of S. frugiperda. In the larvae infected with the two M. rileyi strains, the activity of three protective enzymes (including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)) and two detoxifying enzymes (including glutathione-S transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase (CarE)) increased firstly and then decreased. The expression levels of protective enzymes and detoxification enzymes in larvae treated with XSBN200920 were greater than with HNQLZ200714. Furthermore, antioxidant stress-related gene (MrSOD and MrCAT family genes) expression in the two strains was measured by RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative PCR). The expression of these genes was significantly higher in the XSBN200920 strain compared to HNQLZ200714. There were also significant differences in the sensitivity of the two strains to the growth of different carbon and nitrogen sources and oxidative stress agents. In addition, the activity expression of antioxidant enzymes on the third day of culturing in XSBN200920 was significantly higher than with HNQLZ200714. In summary, the high virulence of M. rileyi XSBN200920 was not only determined by the expression levels of protective and detoxifying enzymes of the host but also regulated by the growth of entomogenic fungi and the resistance to the oxidative stress against S. frugiperda at different stages and instars. This study provides a theoretical fundament for the systematic control of Spodoptera frugiperda using Metarhizium rileyi.
The impact of bacterial exposure in early life on lung surfactant gene expression, function and respiratory rate in germ-free mice

Early-life changes to lung and gut microbiota have been linked to alterations in immune responses that may lead to pulmonary diseases later in life. Associations between early-life microbiota, germ-free status, lung gene expression, lung development and function are not well described. In this study, we compare early-life lung gene transcription under germ-free and different perinatal microbial exposures, and analyze with a predetermined focus on lung capacity and lung surfactant. We also analyze the later-in-life physiological measures of breathing patterns and lung surfactant function between the germ-free, gnotophoric and gnotobiotic offspring. To achieve this, we kept pregnant BALB/c germ-free mice in separate germ-free isolators until exposure to either A: no exposure (GF), B: Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis (BI04) or C: full cecum content harvested from other female SPF mice (Cecum). Subsequently, perinatally exposed offspring were used for the analyses. Lung tissue transcriptomics analysis was done at postnatal day 10 (PNday10) at the first phase of lung alveolar development. Head-out plethysmography for breathing pattern analysis was performed on the siblings at PNday23 followed by lung surfactant collection. The function of the collected lung surfactant was then analyzed ex vivo using the constrained drop surfactometer. Our results show that lung transcriptomics had differentially expressed genes related to surfactant turnover between groups and sex at PNday10. They also show that the GF and BI04 animals had lower respiratory rate than Cecum mice, or compared to age-matched specific pathogen-free (SPF) reference animals. We also see changes in lung surfactant function ex vivo. The overall conclusions are that 10-day-old GF mice do not have a markedly different lung gene transcription compared to gnotophoric or gnotobiotic mice, but genes related to surfactant metabolism are among the few differentially expressed genes. We show here for the first time that early-life microbiome status correlates with early-life surfactant-gene transcription and to later-in-life lung surfactant function and associated respiratory-rate changes in mice.
Impact of Trade, FDI, and Urbanization on Female Employment System in SAARC: GMM and Quantile Regression Approach

The fundamental objective of this research is to learn how trade liberalization, male employment, urbanization, and foreign direct investment (FDI) affect women’s participation in the labor force. To continue, this study aims to determine the effects of trade and other factors on women’s employment in three distinct sectors (i.e., agriculture, industry, and service). From 1991 to 2021, we analyzed data from eight SAARC countries. The study’s theoretical foundation was the Cobb–Douglas production function. To better understand the connections between trade liberalization and the SAARC labor market, this paper used panel quantile regression (QR) and generalized method of moments (GMM) to empirically explore the key determinants of female employment in total and three sub-sectors. The QR method was used in the study because it looks at how variables affect each other beyond the data mean. Additionally, our data set does not follow a normal distribution, and the connection between the explained and explanatory factors is non-linear. Trade openness has a beneficial effect on total female employment throughout system GMM and all quartiles. Total female employment also benefits from an increase in GDP and FDI. However, women’s access to the workforce is hampered by urbanization. Many strategies for increasing women’s participation in the workforce across three sectors are addressed in this article. The major finding of this study is the rate of change in female employment across three industries. Women’s participation in the service and manufacturing sectors increases, whereas their participation in agriculture decreases, as a result of increased trade openness. Although these studies can assist policymakers in choosing the best feasible trade adjustments, they will also add to diverse academic and policy discussions on trade liberalization and its gender consequences. Since trade has become more accessible, more and more women are entering the workforce. Therefore, workers should acquire industrial and service-sector-related competencies.
Mutation Rate and Spectrum of the Silkworm in Normal and Temperature Stress Conditions

Mutation rate is a crucial parameter in evolutionary genetics. However, the mutation rate of most species as well as the extent to which the environment can alter the genome of multicellular organisms remain poorly understood. Here, we used parents–progeny sequencing to investigate the mutation rate and spectrum of the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) among normal and two temperature stress conditions (32 °C and 0 °C). The rate of single-nucleotide mutations in the normal temperature rearing condition was 0.41 × 10−8 (95% confidence interval, 0.33 × 10−8–0.49 × 10−8) per site per generation, which was up to 1.5-fold higher than in four previously studied insects. Moreover, the mutation rates of the silkworm under the stresses are significantly higher than in normal conditions. Furthermore, the mutation rate varies less in gene regions under normal and temperature stresses. Together, these findings expand the known diversity of the mutation rate among eukaryotes but also have implications for evolutionary analysis that assumes a constant mutation rate among species and environments.
Cause-effect Graphing Technique: A Survey of Available Approaches and Algorithms

Cause-effect graphs are often used as a method for deriving test case suites for black-box testing different types of systems. This paper represents a survey focusing entirely on the cause-effect graphing technique. A comparison of different available algorithms for converting cause-effect graph specifications to test case suites and problems which may arise when using different approaches are explained. Different types of graphical notation for describing nodes, logical relations and constraints used when creating cause-effect graph specifications are also discussed. An overview of available tools for creating cause-effect graph specifications and deriving test case suites is given. The systematic approach in this paper is meant to offer aid to domain experts and end users in choosing the most appropriate algorithm and, optionally, available software tools, for deriving test case suites in accordance to specific system priorities. A presentation of proposed graphical notation types should help in gaining a better level of understanding of the notation used for specifying cause-effect graphs. In this way, the most common mistakes in the usage of graphical notation while creating cause-effect graph specifications can be avoided.
Recurrent Esthesioneuroblastoma: Long-Term Outcomes of Salvage Therapy

Simple Summary Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) recurrence is common; however, data regarding patient outcomes after recurrence is still lacking. This study examines patient outcomes after ENB recurrence using 143 patients with ENB and describes the patterns of salvage therapeutic interventions. Our study found the 5-year overall survival after ENB recurrence to be 63% and the 5-year progression-free survival to be 56%. The mean time to develop a secondary recurrence was significantly shorter than the mean time to develop the first recurrence. Additionally, patients who developed secondary recurrences were, on average, significantly older at the time of their primary tumor diagnosis. Abstract Introduction: Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare malignant neoplasm arising from the olfactory epithelium of the cribriform plate. Although survival is excellent with a reported 5-year overall survival (OS) of 82%, recurrence is frequent and occurs in 40–50% of cases. This study investigates the characteristics of ENB recurrence and the subsequent prognosis of patients with recurrence. Methods: The clinical records of all patients diagnosed as having ENB with subsequent recurrence at a tertiary hospital from 1 January 1960 to 1 January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were reported. Results: A total of 64 out of 143 ENB patients had recurrences. In total, 45 out of 64 recurrences met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. From these, 10 (22%) had a sinonasal recurrence, 14 (31%) had an intracranial recurrence, 15 (33%) had a regional recurrence, and 6 (13%) had a distal recurrence. The average interval from initial treatment to recurrence was 4.74 years. There were no differences in rates of recurrence with respect to age, sex, or types of surgery (endoscopic, transcranial, lateral rhinotomy, and combined). The time to recurrence was shorter for Hyams grades 3 and 4 compared to Hyams grades 1 and 2 (3.75 years vs. 5.70 years, p < 0.05). Patients with recurrence limited to the sinonasal region had a lower overall primary Kadish stage compared to recurrences beyond the sinonasal region (2.60 vs. 3.03, p < 0.05). A total of 9 (20%) out of 45 patients developed secondary recurrence. Following recurrence, the subsequent 5-year OS and PFS were 63 and 56%, respectively. The mean time to secondary recurrence after treatment of the primary recurrence was 32 months, which was significantly shorter than the time to primary recurrence (32 months vs. 57 months, p = 0.048). The mean age of the secondary recurrence group is significantly older than the primary recurrence group (59.78 years vs. 50.31 years, p = 0.02). No statistically significant differences were observed between the secondary recurrence group and the recurrence group in terms of their overall Kadish stages or Hyams grades. Conclusions: Following an ENB recurrence, salvage therapy appears to be an effective therapeutic option with a subsequent 5-year OS of 63%. However, subsequent recurrences are not infrequent and may require additional therapy.