Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the origin of germ cells in higher vertebrates

En el testfculo y ovario del pollo existen dos generaciones de c6lulas germinales : las c6lulas germinales primarias, que aparecen en estados muy tempranos del desarrollo, antes de formarse la cresta genital, y las cklulas germinales secundarias, que se derivan del llamado “ epitelio germinal. ” Las primeras c6lulas pueden transformarse en espermatocitos y ovocitos y aunque degeneran en su mayor parte no es posible determinar si algunas de ellas producen c6lulas germinales definitivas, porque en ciertos estados es imposible distinguirlas de esta tiltima clase de c6lulas. En el macho de la rata blanca aparecen las mismas dos generaciones, per0 las c6lulas germinales primarias degeneran antes de alcanzar el period0 de crecimiento y solamente las c6lulas germinales secundarias se transforman en las definitivas. La desaparicih de las c6lulas germinales primarias de 10s mamiferos durante la ontogen6sis en estados mas tempranos del desarrollo que en las sves parece indicar que se las debe considerar como cklulas en “ regresi6n filogen6tica. ”
Piscicides and Invertebrates: After 70 Years, Does Anyone Really Know?

Abstract The piscicides rotenone and antimycin have been used for more than 70 years to manage fish populations by eliminating undesirable fish species. The effects of piscicides on aquatic invertebrate assemblages are considered negligible by some and significant by others. This difference of opinion has created contentious situations and delayed native fish restoration projects. We review the scientific evidence and report that short-term ( 1 year) impacts are largely unknown. Recovery of invertebrate assemblages following treatments ranged from a few months for abundances of common taxa to several years for rarer taxa. Variation in reported effects was primarily due to natural variation among species and habitats and a lack of adequate pre- and post-treatment sampling which prevents determining the true impacts to invertebrate assemblages. The factors most likely to influence impacts and recov.
Importance of secondary inoculum of Plasmopara viticola to epidemics of grapevine downy mildew

To quantify the magnitude and the spatial spread of grapevine downy mildew secondary sporangia, 4685 Plasmopara viticola single lesion samples were collected from 18 plots spread across central Europe. Disease symptoms were collected on two to 22 sampling dates per plot between 2000 and 2002. Four multiallelic microsatellite markers were used for genotypic identification of pathogen samples. Genetic analysis showed more than 2300 site-specific P. viticola genotypes, indicating that populations are genetically rich demographic units. Approximately 70% of the genotypes were sampled once and 14% were sampled twice throughout the various epidemics. In the 18 populations only seven genotypes (0.3%) were identified more than 50 times. Three genotypes particularly successful in causing disease through secondary cycles showed mainly a clustered distribution. The distance of sporangial migration per secondary cycle was less than 20 m and their plot colonization rate was calculated at around 1–2 m2 day−1. Downy mildew epidemics of grapevine are therefore the result of the interaction of a multitude of genotypes, each causing limited (or a few) lesions, and of a dominant genotype able to spread stepwise at plot-scale. These findings contrast with current theories about grapevine downy mildew epidemiology, which postulate that there is massive vineyard colonization by one genotype and long-distance migration of sporangia.
Effects of Wheat Protein Content on Endosperm Composites and Malt Quality

In this study, the malting performance of six traditional Chinese wheat varieties was evaluated. The effects of protein content on wheat endosperm composition and the malt quality were studied. The β-glucan in the malt showed a positive correlation (r = 0.806, P<0.1) with the protein content of the wheat. With an increase in protein content, there was a significant linear decrease in extract (r = -0.923, P<0.01) and Kolbach Index (r = -0.850, P<0.05), but diastatic power, soluble protein and FAN gave a peak value at 16.0% protein content. Because of the suitable protein and starch content, the malt qualities of wheat W-3 were satisfactory. Extract was 81.7%, saccharification time was 6.5 min, diastatic power was 484.07WK, FAN was 136.58 mg/100 g, the Kolbach index was 40.0% and viscosity was 1.77 cP.
The Effect of Herding Behaviors on Dual-Route Processing of Communications Aimed at Tourism Crowdfunding Ventures

Communications can be integral in persuading funders to invest in visitor economy crowdfunding. Despite the important role of diverse communications on consumer persuasion, research on the effectiveness of persuasive communications related to crowdfunding ventures has been limited. To bridge the gap, this study aims to verify an elaboration likelihood model to better understand the role of dual-route persuasive communications. Seven hypotheses related to argument quality, source credibility, benefit of crowdfunding, attachment to fundraiser and platform, and continued crowdfunding were examined, using herding behavior as a moderator. The findings revealed that argument quality had a substantial impact on benefit. Further, source credibility was found to have positive impacts on benefit and attachment; benefit had a significant effect on attachment and continued crowdfunding, and attachment had the strongest influence on continued crowdfunding. Additionally, herding behavior was found to moderate five of the six hypotheses.
Breeding Biology, Captive Breeding and Fry Nursing of Himped Featherback ( Notopterus chilata , Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822)

A study was conducted to observe the captive breeding performance with maturing sages and fry nursing of the threatened indigenous fish species Notopterus chitala at Arabpur fish farm (Longitude 89°12'15" E, Latitude 23°10'30" N), Jessore, Bangladesh during 1998 to 2001. The peak period of ovulation for N. chitala was found from July to August and the fish attained its first maturity at third year of age. Captive breeding is the most effective and basis process in case of N. chitala when cemented tank was used for collection of fertilized eggs, percentage of fertilization and hatching in stead of bamboo pole, plastic barrel, cemented tank and barrel made of tin. In the nursery practices live benthos, hatching of Thai punti and silver carp were used as feed of the spawn but the highest growth and survivability of the fish fry obtained by using Barbodes gonionotus (thai punti) spawn and live Tubifex sp. (benthos). Key Words: Fertilization; hatching; growth; survivability doi: 10.3126/eco.v13i0. 1628 Ecoprint (An International Journal of Ecology) Vol. 13, No. 1, 2006 Page : 41-47
DIFFUSE EFFECTS IN FOOD WEBS

In order to explore the extent to which interactions between pairs of species embedded in complex multispecies food webs are nonlocalized, in terms of the number of other species that need to be taken into account, the influence of other species in the system on the response of the hake fishery to a cull of fur seals is calculated in a 29-species food web for the Benguela ecosystem. Parameters are assigned biologically plausible values, partly through energetic and allometric reasoning. It is found that behaviorally mediated effects within the multispecies functional response can produce a highly diffuse response.
Experimental and Numerical Study of NH3/CH4 Counterflow Premixed and Non-premixed Flames for Various NH3 Mixing Ratios

ABSTRACT Ammonia is a promising sustainable fuel, however, its low reactivity creates challenges in industrial applications. In this study, ammonia/methane mixtures were considered for premixed and non-premixed counterflow flames. The extinction stretch rate was measured over a wide range of ammonia/methane mixing ratios and compared to 1D numerical results from four different mechanisms. Additionally, for counterflow premixed twin flames, quantitative analysis based on the comparison of experimental and numerical FWHM of OH and NO profiles was performed. Results showed that in premixed flames, all the mechanisms investigated were inadequate for predicting the extinction stretch rate, specifically for lean flames. In non-premixed flames, Okafor’s mechanism was accurately predicting the extinction stretch rate. For the FWHM analysis, the numerical mechanisms overpredicted both OH and NO apparition in the flame, except for Tian’s mechanism which underpredicted OH apparition. GRI Mech 3.0 performed well for small quantities of ammonia but failed to reproduce the pure ammonia case. Okafor’s and UCSD mechanisms gave better predictions of experimental trends, though overestimated both OH and NO apparition. In the FWHM analysis of both OH and NO, the lower R2 values in the lean region suggest that the lean region should be the focus for mechanism improvement.
Corporate Governance and Agency Cost: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam

This study examines the impact of corporate governance, reflecting a wide spectrum of board characteristics and ownership structure on agency costs in 281 listed companies on Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) in Vietnam in the period 2013–2018. For this purpose, three board characteristics were chosen: (1) the size of board of directors, (2) equilibrium between non-executive and executive members of the board of directors, (3) the CEO chair duality and three types of ownership structures were chosen: (1) management ownership, (2) government ownership, (3) foreign ownership. An inverse proxy of agency costs is used: asset utilization ratio (asset turnover), which reflects the managerial efficiency. The research methodology includes three statistical approaches: Ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects model (FEM) and random effects model (REM) are considered to employ to address econometric issues and to improve the accuracy of the regression coefficients. The results can create effective corporate governance mechanisms in controlling the managerial opportunistic behavior to lower agency conflicts, and hence lower agency costs.
Impact of Unemployment and Governance on Poverty in Pakistan: A Fresh Insight from Non-linear ARDL Co-integration Approach

This article aims to give a fresh insight into the non-linear relationship between unemployment, governance, and poverty in Pakistan. For the purpose, the study utilizes data from 1984 to 2016 by employing a nonlinear ARDL co-integration approach. The findings provide an insight that poverty responds asymmetrically due to positive or negative shocks in unemployment and governance. Moreover, the results suggest that applying linear models on poverty modelling may mislead the inference. The findings of the study imply that the policymakers and academicians must consider nonlinear behaviour of poverty for better policymaking.
New Weighted Opial-Type Inequalities on Time Scales for Convex Functions

Our work is based on the multiple inequalities illustrated in 1967 by E. K. Godunova and V. I. Levin, in 1990 by Hwang and Yang and in 1993 by B. G. Pachpatte. With the help of the dynamic Jensen and Hölder inequality, we generalize a number of those inequalities to a general time scale. In addition to these generalizations, some integral and discrete inequalities will be obtained as special cases of our results.
Investigating the antecedents of halal brand product purchase intention: an empirical investigation

Purpose This paper aims to apply the concept of traditional branding constructs, i.e. brand image, brand perceived quality, brand satisfaction, brand trust and brand loyalty to a less explored field of halal brand products – halal brand image, halal brand perceived quality, halal brand satisfaction, halal brand trust and halal brand loyalty. Second, the present research is an effort to empirically validate the interrelationships among branding constructs such as brand image, brand perceived quality, brand satisfaction, brand trust and brand loyalty in a holistic framework to confirm whether these branding constructs also work for the halal brand in the same way to gauge Chinese Muslims consumers’ purchasing intentions. Design/methodology/approach This research used cross-sectional data from 481 Chinese Muslim students at 9 universities located in 3 cities of China through face-to-face and online survey methods. Data were collected from the consumers of halal milk brand. A theoretical model with the hypothesized relationships was tested with the help of the structural equation modelling procedure. Findings The results suggest that halal brand image has a significant and positive influence on the halal brand perceived quality, halal brand satisfaction, halal brand trust and halal brand loyalty. Similarly, the halal brand perceived quality, halal brand satisfaction, halal brand trust and halal brand loyalty significantly influence consumer halal brand purchase intention. Research limitations/implications This study is conducted in the halal food sector of China and specific religious and migration contexts. Further investigations of the halal food purchasing behaviour of local Muslims, as well as international Muslim students in those Western countries which are famous destinations for international students for education, could yield varying results. Practical implications The outcomes achieved are helpful for commerce and government organizations for policy development to better meet the burgeoning demand for halal products by Chinese Muslims. These are also very helpful for producers and exporters who intend to penetrate the halal market in non-Muslim-dominant countries such as China. Originality/value Studies on understanding Muslim consumers’ purchasing behaviours in non-Muslim countries are limited. Given the fact, numbers of Muslims seem a smaller amount of China’s total population, but their total numbers are large compared with total numbers in many Muslim countries. Therefore, understanding their purchasing behaviours for halal products and influential determinants concerning such purchasing behaviours adds to the literature and helps the industry to better serve and capitalise on the growing market.
Protective role of pulsed magnetic field against salt stress effects in soybean organ culture

Abstract Pulsed magnetic field (PMF) effects on soybean plant regeneration under salt stress conditions were investigated. Seedlings were raised from seeds pre-treated with 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 Hz PMF. Cotyledonary nodal (CN) explants from PMF exposed and unexposed seedlings were cultured in media containing different concentrations of NaCl (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mM). In CN explants from unexposed seedlings, increasing salt concentration progressively suppressed the regeneration and development of shoots and roots. Plantlets were regenerated only on medium containing 0, 10, 20 and 30 mM NaCl. The highest dose of NaCl (40 mM) failed to induce shoot formation and strongly reduced the number of roots which also exhibited reduced length. Cotyledonary nodal explants from PMF exposed seedlings, cultured at 10, 20 and 30 mM NaCl, exhibited a higher frequency of shoot and root regeneration, as well as a higher number and length of shoots and roots compared to unexposed ones, with 1.0 Hz frequency resulting the most efficient in promoting regeneration. At 40 mM NaCl, the promotive effect of different PMFs frequencies was related to the induction of a greater number of roots and the enhancement of root length. Our results suggest that PMF pre-treatment could help the regeneration of soybean under salt stressed condition.
Prevalence of and Risk Markers for Dating Abuse–Related Stalking and Harassment Victimization and Perpetration in a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Adolescents

There are no nationally representative estimates of the prevalence of dating abuse–related stalking and harassment. We analyzed data collected from 320 twelve- to 18-year-old U.S. youth. Youth with dating experience were asked whether a dating partner had ever spied on or followed them, damaged something that belonged to them, or gone through their online accounts. The prevalence of lifetime stalking and harassment victimization was 48% and the prevalence of perpetration was 43%. Latinx boys were at elevated risk for dating abuse–related stalking and harassment perpetration and victimization. Among girls, younger age, being marijuana use and living in a neighborhood with an elevated crime rate were associated with perpetration, and younger age, being Black, and marijuana use were associated with victimization. Interventions that prevent less severe and indirect forms of dating abuse are warranted.
Genotype by environment interaction in different birth seasons for weight at 240, 365 and 450 days of age in Tabapuã cattle

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) on the weight of Tabapua cattle at 240 (W240), 365 (W365) and 450 (W450) days of age. In total, 35,732 records of 8,458 Tabapua animals which were born in the state of Bahia, Brazil, from 1975 to 2001, from 167 sires and 3,707 dams, were used. Two birth seasons were tested as for the environment effect: the dry (D) and rainy (R) ones. The covariance components were obtained by a multiple-trait analysis using Bayesian inference, in which each trait was considered as being different in each season. Covariance components were estimated by software gibbs2f90. As for W240, the model was comprised of contemporary groups and cow age (in classes) as fixed effects; animal and maternal genetic additive, maternal permanent environmental and residual were considered as random effects. Concerning W365 and W450, the model included only the contemporary aged cow groups as fixed effects and the genetic additive and residual effects of the animal as the random ones. The GEI was assessed considering the genetic correlation, in which values below 0.80 indicated the presence of GEI. Regarding W365 and W450, the GEI was found in both seasons. As for post-weaning weight (W240), the effect of such interaction was not observed.
Environmental effects on anuran call design: what we know and what we need to know

Long-range acoustic signals are subject to a variety of evolutionary pressures, such as sexual selection, species recognition, body-size constraints, physiological constraints, and natural selection by environmental constraints. Anuran advertisement calls are long-range acoustic signals with two essential functions: to attract females, and to defend a territory against other males. However, the environment offers obstacles to sound transmission. The call can be attenuated and degraded, and the surrounding environment might impose a strong constraint on it by means of sound refraction, reflection, and absorption along the transmission path. The Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis (AAH) predicts that the acoustic signal could be adapted in order to maximise transmission distance by minimising call attenuation and degradation. The predictions of the AAH have been reviewed twice for birds, and once for mammals and anurans. This study extends the anuran review, focusing on the environmental effects on anuran call design, and their conformity to the AAH predictions. A small number of studies were found, and the results were conflicting. These studies were carefully analysed, and we report a lack of standardised methodology to test for environment effects. We discuss in detail the diverse methodologies and point out how the matter has been treated. We highlight the importance of improving the project design by increasing the sample size, controlling for phylogenetic and body size effects, and using a quantitative representation of vegetation structure.
Differentiation Between Nitrate Aerosol Formation Pathways in a Southeast Chinese City by Dual Isotope and Modeling Studies

Nitrate (NO3−), one of the most important inorganic aerosols in the atmosphere, is mainly formed by oxidation of NOx by the hydroxyl radical (OH) and ozone (O3) in urban atmospheres. However, the fractional contributions of its various oxidation pathways remain unclear. Here, we collected particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) samples in a second‐tier city in southeast China from 1 September to 31 December 2017 and measured the NO3− and nitrate isotopic compositions (δ15N and δ18O). The average concentration of NO3−, δ15N, and δ18O values were 14.7 ± 11.6 μg/m3, (+4.3 ± 4.3)‰, and (+71.8 ± 14.7)‰ with the ranges from 0.8 to 57.7 μg/m3, −10.5‰ to +12.5‰ and +34.5‰ to +91.9‰, respectively. All three species were significantly higher in winter than in summer. Based on a Bayesian mixing model with a dual isotope array for NO3−, contributions of (37.1 ± 33.4)%, (60.3 ± 32.2)%, and (2.6 ± 2.7)% to NO3− could be attributed to OH oxidation, N2O5 hydrolysis, and NO3 + hydrocarbon (HC) pathways, respectively. Higher OH radical concentrations with higher ratios of OH to O3 led to lower NO3− concentrations, while lower OH radical concentrations with higher ratios of O3 to OH led to higher contributions of N2O5 hydrolysis, forming higher NO3− concentrations in winter. Under low OH, an increased O3 to NOx ratio increased the contribution of the NO3 + HC pathway. The comprehensive analysis of the isotopic compositions of nitrate helped identify the importance of major oxidation pathways of NOx in this city.
Factors influencing viewing behaviour on search engine results pages: a review of eye-tracking research

ABSTRACT Eye-tracking research is beneficial for better understanding user behaviour in search engines. The present paper presents a comprehensive narrative literature review of eye-tracking studies examining factors influencing users’ viewing behaviour on results pages of search engines. Discipline-specific databases from Psychology, Computer Science, and Library and Information Science, as well as one multidisciplinary database have been searched for relevant articles. Criteria for inclusion were that a paper reported empirical results from an eye-tracking study in which effects of a specific factor on users’ viewing behaviour on search engine results pages (SERPs) were examined, with inferential statistical results being reported. This led to a set of 41 papers that were further examined. The papers were grouped into three categories according to three types of factors that may affect individuals’ web search activities: contextual factors, resource factors, and individual factors. Papers were assigned to these categories and subsequently to sub-categories. Overall, while for some sub-categories robust findings can be reported, we found results in many sub-categories to be inconclusive. For future research, we recommend a shift from small-scale studies examining single factors to more comprehensive and theory-driven research using larger sample sizes.