Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE COEXISTENCE BETWEEN JUVENILE OFFENDERS AT A TREATMENT FACILITY

The objective of this research is to characterize the coexistence among adolescents in a juvenile detention facility from their perspective. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten adolescents between 16 and 18 years of age in a social-educational unit in Porto Alegre. The data generated in the interviews were organized based on thematic analysis from an emic perspective, that is, generating native categories according to the perception of the participants. The adolescents revealed that criminal factions were the starting point for the establishment of friendly or rivalry relationships. They also described a set of norms that configured a collective pact in favor of an institutional order. Friendly relationships were described, indicating trust and safety as a facilitator of the moment of deprivation of liberty. There were also reports of consensual sexual relations as a result of the long period of detention. The results mainly indicate a hostile interpersonal climate that promotes psychological suffering and aggravates the situation of vulnerability. Furthermore, the coexistence of idle adolescents without the proper pedagogical following favors the perpetuation of values and interests related to involvement in criminal behaviors.
The Starburst-Active Galactic Nucleus Connection in Active Galaxies: The MassiveNuclear Star-Forming Disk in NGC 4303

Two-dimensional spectroscopy of the low-redshift active galaxy NGC 4303 obtained with the Two-Dimensional Fiber ISIS System is presented. The ionization structure and velocity field of the nuclear region of this galaxy, where a compact UV-bright spiral structure connected with the UV-bright core has been detected with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST; Colina et al. 1997a), are investigated in detail. The ionized gas shows a structure similar to that observed in the high spatial resolution HST UV-continuum image. The Hβ and Hα emission is dominated by the nuclear star-forming regions, while the core of the galaxy is the brightest region in the [O III] λ5007 and [N II] λ6584 emission lines. The optical emission line ratios of the nuclear star-forming regions are characteristic of young (ages 2-3 Myr) star-forming regions, while the core of the galaxy shows the emission-line ratios of a low-luminosity AGN in between an [O I]-weak LINER and a low-excitation Seyfert 2. The nature of the ionizing source located at the core of the galaxy is still unsolved. Its luminosity and optical emission line ratios are compatible with the presence of a young (~3.5 Myr) massive (~8×104 M☉) cluster of stars, but are also consistent with the existence of a power-law nonthermal ionizing source. Whatever the nature of this ionizing source, the nuclear star-forming spiral dominates the ionizing radiation, contributing about 90% of the total ionizing flux. The velocity field of the ionized gas, as measured by the Hβ emission line, is consistent with that of a massive rotating disk characterized by a radius of 300 pc, a rotation velocity of 85 km s-1, an inclination of 45° with respect to the line of sight, and a kinematic major axis oriented along P.A. 130°. The inferred dynamical mass inside a radius of 300 pc is 5.0×108 M☉. The mass and size of this nuclear rotating disk is similar to those recently detected in ultraluminous infrared galaxies like Mrk 231 and Arp 220. The observed line profiles of the high-excitation [O III]-emitting gas show the presence of two kinematically distinct gaseous components. The main component follows the velocity pattern of the massive rotating disk. The secondary component has an amplitude of ±350 km s-1, and a minor axis oriented, in projection, almost perpendicular to the minor axis of the low-ionization gas. This second[O III] velocity component could represent gas located in a nuclear ionizing cone, i.e., gas flowing outward outside the plane of the low-excitation gas disk, and being ionized by the UV-bright source located at the core of the galaxy. The proximity of NGC 4303 together with the detection of (1) an AGN-like nucleus, (2) a compact nuclear star-forming spiral structure connected to the nucleus, (3) a massive rotating nuclear disk, and (4) radially flowing high-excitation gas makes this galaxy an ideal candidate for the study of the fueling of active galaxies and the starburst-AGN connection.
Self‐trapped laser beams in plasma

A moment theory for the nonlinear quasi‐optical equation with saturation is applied to self‐trapped laser beams in plasma for the ponderomotive nonlinearity. The results differ quantitatively from those obtained form the paraxial ray theory but do agree qualitatively in that there is a minimum beam radius of order c/ωp, a threshold ’’critical’’ power, no upper limit to the power that can be transmitted, and the self‐trapped beams are stable.
Surface‐breaking fatigue crack detection using laser ultrasound

Surface‐breaking tight fatigue cracks in mild steel have been examined with laser‐generated ultrasonic pulses. Before the arrival of transmitted Rayleigh waves arriving at the detector, evidence is presented of a fast skimming longitudinal pulse which is also transmitted through the crack. Additionally, another ultrasonic feature is consistent with a longitudinal wave which is mode converted to a diffracted shear pulse by the tip of the fatigue crack. Such an interaction mechanism can form the basis of laser‐based fatigue crack depth measurements.
A model for the formation of solar prominences

We propose a model for the formation of prominence condensations in hot coronal loops. Previous studies have concentrated on cooling the hot plasma by decreasing the coronal heating rate. The difficulty with such models is that when the heating decreases, most of the loop mass is lost by draining onto the chromosphere. We argue that a prominence condensation is likely to be due to an increase in the heating. The key idea of our models is that the heating increase is spatially dependent so that it is localized nearer to the chromospheric footpoints than to the loop midpoint. We present results of numerical simulations of hot loops that are initially heated uniformly, and then undergo heating increases that are concentrated away from the loop midpoint
Scattering of solutions for critical and subcritical nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations in $H^s$

We study the scattering theory for nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations $u_{t t} + (m^2-\Delta)u = f_1(u) + f_2(u)$. We show that the scattering operator carries a band in $H^s \times H^{s-1}$ into $H^s \times H^{s-1}$ for all $s\in [1/2,\ \infty)$ if $f_i(u)\ (i = 1,\ 2)$ have $H^s$-critical or $H^s$-subcritical powers.
Application of Objective Rates in Mechanical Modeling of Solids

A unified formulation is developed for deformation-related spins, and for objective rates based on them. The approach generalizes the underlying concepts, and allows new rates to be constructed. Mathematical and thermodynamical restrictions on these are shown. As a result, it can be demonstrated that the Eulerian strain rate is an objective rate of logarithmic strain, based on a spin easily derivable from the general form. Interrelations between other known spins and objective rates emerge very clearly. Consequences of the proposed formalism are explored in hypoelastic and in rigid-plastic constitutive relations, the latter involving purely isotropic and purely kinematic hardening. The application of the resulting models to the simple shear deformation is shown.
Turbulent flow in open channels with smooth and rough flood plains

The effect of flood plain roughness in compound open channel flow is studied numerically with a low- Reynolds k-ω model, which is non-linear and therefore capable of predicting the turbulence anisotropy and the turbulence-driven secondary currents. The simulation of rough walls is achieved through a simple boundary condition for ω at the top of the roughness. Free surface modelling is also included, based on an empirical approach. For relative roughness greater than unity the lateral shear layer that develops at the main channelflood plain interface is intensified. The velocities follow the logarithmic law in the interaction region for high and low relative depths with smooth and rough flood plains. Secondary currents and turbulent shear stresses are reproduced well by the model when compared with available measurements and are found greater in the interaction region as relative roughness increases. Turbulent intensities are captured sufficiently with a slight underestimation of u' near the channel bed. T.
Ultracompact and wideband power splitter based on triple photonic crystal waveguides directional coupler

Three single-mode photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) are put together closely to construct three PCWs directional coupler (3PCWDC). It is found that the coupling coefficient of two even modes excited by the input field symmetrically entering 3PCWDC may be increased dramatically by reducing the size scales of dielectric rods between the neighbouring PCWs. The coupling length in this structure can be much shorter than that in conventional PCWs within the frequency range of interest. The application of this feature to an ultracompact, wide bandwidth and high-transmission power splitter is addressed. The simulation results by using the finite-difference time-domain method show that the structure exhibits new interesting characteristics.
Compactness methods in the theory of homogenization II: Equations in non‐divergence form

We prove C0, α, C1, α and C1, 1 a priori estimates for solutions of boundary value problems for elliptic operators with periodic coefficients of the form Σ,j=1ai j(x/ϵ)δ2/δxiδxj. The constants in these estimates are independent of the small parameter ϵ, and hence our results imply strengthened versions of the classical averaging theorems. These results generalize to a wide class of linear operators in non-divergence form, including equations with lower-order terms and nonuniformly oscillating coefficients, as well as to certain nonlinear problems, which we discuss in the last section.
Laser-assisted elastic electron-atom collisions: low electron energy and small scattering angle

The authors report experimental measurements of electron spectra resulting from the scattering of low energy (6.2-32 eV) electrons by helium atoms through an angle of 9 degrees in the presence of a high intensity ( approximately 108 W cm-2)CO2 laser. The intensities of the additional peaks caused by the presence of the laser which occur separated from the elastic scattering peak by multiples of the photon energy are much greater than expected on the basis of calculations, using the Kroll-Watson approximation (1973). The intensity of these free-free transitions also increases with decreasing electron energy, again in disagreement with the calculations. The authors propose that the disagreement between the experimental results and those calculated is due to the electrons scattering from a helium target polarized by the laser field.
Nonlinear steady hydromagnetic convection in mushy layers during alloy solidification

We consider the problem of nonlinear steady convection in a horizontal mushy layer, which is subjected to a vertical magnetic field, during alloy solidification. Under near-eutectic approximation and the limit of large far-field temperature, we determine the finite-amplitude solutions to the weakly nonlinear problem by using a perturbation technique. We obtain specific information about convective flow solutions in the form of rolls, squares, rectangles, down-hexagons with down-flow at the cells’ centers and up-flow at the cells’ boundaries and up-hexagons with up-flow at the cells’ centers and down-flow at the cells’ boundaries. The stability of these solutions is also investigated with respect to arbitrary disturbances. We found, in particular, that only up-hexagons or supercritical rolls can be stable. No subcritical non-hexagonal pattern convection was found to exist. The subcritical domain of stable hexagons and the supercritical domain of stable rolls were found to be enhanced by the magnetic field as well as by the non-uniformity of the permeability of the medium, but the magnetic field narrows down the supercritical domain for the stable hexagons. The magnetic field appears to reduce the tendency for chimney formation at the nodes of up-hexagons, while such a tendency is enhanced by the magnetic field at the nodes of down-hexagons.
New Theory on Buckling of Curved Beams

Vlasov and Yoo's curved‐beam theories have been criticized for not applying the principles of mechanics directly to the curved beam but deriving their equations as the analogies of straight‐beam equations. Although later researchers have worked directly on the curved beam, they have inevitably introduced ambiguities in maintaining consistent orders of magnitude for the terms involved in their formulations. The reality is that not all the theories are consistent with each other. This paper intends to demonstrate that by considering a curved beam in the limit as an infinite number of infinitesimal straight beams—the only kinematic assumption—the classic straight‐beam equations can be manipulated to derive a new set of curved‐beam equations. Because the ambiguities involved in previous formulations are totally circumvented, the presented method is believed to be most convincing. For the two cases of uniform bending and uniform compression, the presented results are compared with those obtained by couples of .
Resolving Molecular Gas in the Central Galaxies of Cooling Flow Clusters

We present aperture synthesis images of the CO (1-0) line emission in five central galaxies in cooling flow clusters using the Owens Valley Millimeter Array. Three of the five sources are significantly resolved, but the majority of the emission is from a compact (<20 kpc) region centered on the central galaxy. These results are consistent with the newly emerging view that cooling flows deposit much less gas over a shorter period in a smaller volume than previously thought. The size constraints derived imply that the molecular gas has a large (>1022 cm-2) column density. We review the implications of these results and the prospects for observations in the near future.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Dog Breeds Using Pedigree and Molecular Analysis: A Review

Domestic dogs are important for many economic and social reasons, and they have become a well-known model species for human disease. According to research, dog breeds exhibit significant levels of inbreeding and genetic diversity loss, decreasing the population’s ability to adapt in certain conditions, and indicating the need of conservation strategies. Before the development of molecular markers, pedigree information was used for genetic diversity management. In recent years, genomic tools are frequently applied for accurate estimation of genetic diversity and improved genetic conservation due to incomplete pedigrees and pedigree errors. The most frequently used molecular markers include PCR-based microsatellite markers (STRs) and DNA sequencing-based single-nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNP). The aim of this review was to highlight genetic diversity studies on dog breeds conducted using pedigree and molecular markers, as well as the importance of genetic diversity conservation in increasing the adaptability and survival of dog breed populations.
Theory & Methods: Estimating Main Effects with Pareto Optimal Subsets

A subset T of S is said to be a Pareto Optimal subset of m ordered attributes (factors) if for profiles (combination of attribute levels) (x1, …, xm) and (y1, …, ym) ∈T, no profile ‘dominates’ another; that is, there exists no pair such that xi≤yi, for i = 1, …, m. Pareto Optimal designs have specific applications in economics, cognitive psychology, and marketing research where investigators use main effects linear models to infer how respondents values level of costs and benefits from their preferences for sets of profiles offered them. In such studies, it is desirable that no profile dominates the others in a set. This paper shows how to construct a Pareto Optimal subset, proves that a single Pareto Optimal subset is not a connected main effects plan, provides subsets of two or more attributes that are connected in symmetric designs and gives corresponding results for asymmetric designs.
Compact and weakly compact composition operators on spaces of vector valued continuous functions

We characterize the compact and weakly compact weighted composition operators on the Banach space Cp(T, X) of those continuous functions from a completely regular Hausdorff space T into a Banach space X which have relatively compact range. The compact weighted endomorphisms of the Banach algebra C(T) of all real or complex valued continuous functions on a compact Hausdorff space T have been characterized by H. Kamowitz [1]. In particular, given u C C(T) and a continuous function 0: T T, Kamowitz has shown that the weighted composition operator uCO: C(T) -* C(T) (defined by uC+(f)(t) = u(t)f(q(t)) for f C C(T) and t C T) is compact if and only if each component of N(u) = {t C T: u(t) i 0} is contained in some open set V such that ObV is a constant function. For an arbitrary completely regular Hausdorff space T, however, if C(T) is replaced by the supremum normed algebra Cb(T) of all scalar valued bounded continuous functions on T, Kamowitz's condition does not guarantee that a weighted composition operator on Cb(T) is compact. Indeed, this can be readily seen through an obvious modification of the example constructed by Kamowitz [1, p. 519] to show that uC0 can fail to be compact even when X is constant on each component of N(u). A closer look at this same example also suggests a possible way aroiund the problem. In case T is compact, Kamowitz's result immediately yields that the following condition is at least necessary in order for uC0 to be compact: (*) ({t C T: lu(t)I > E}) is finite for each E > 0; the key to Kamowitz's example lies in the fact that this direct link between 0b and u does not hold. We will show that (*) is both necessary and sufficient for a weighted composltion operator on Cb(T) to be compact, whereby (*) is equiivalent to Kamowitz's condition in case T is compact. More importantly, we will demonstrate that (*) serves as well to characterize the weakly compact weighted composition operators on Cb(Y%1 Since our methods allow, we shall actually place our results in the broader context of weighted composition operators on spaces of vector valued continuous functions. Preliminaries. In what follows, we will use X to denote a (nontrivial) real or complex Banach space, while S and T will denote completely regular Hausdorff spaces. The set of all continuous functions from S into T will be designated by Received by the editors February 26, 1986. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revisin). Primary 47B05, 47B38. (? )1987 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/87 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
Statistical properties of plasmaspheric hiss derived from Van Allen Probes data and their effects on radiation belt electron dynamics

Plasmaspheric hiss is known to play an important role in controlling the overall structure and dynamics of radiation belt electrons inside the plasmasphere. Using newly available Van Allen Probes wave data, which provide excellent coverage in the entire inner magnetosphere, we evaluate the global distribution of the hiss wave frequency spectrum and wave intensity for different levels of substorm activity. Our statistical results show that observed hiss peak frequencies are generally lower than the commonly adopted value (~550 Hz), which was in frequent use, and that the hiss wave power frequently extends below 100 Hz, particularly at larger L shells (> ~3) on the dayside during enhanced levels of substorm activity. We also compare electron pitch angle scattering rates caused by hiss using the new statistical frequency spectrum and the previously adopted Gaussian spectrum and find that the differences are up to a factor of ~5 and are dependent on energy and L shell. Moreover, the new statistical hiss wave frequency spectrum including wave power below 100 Hz leads to increased pitch angle scattering rates by a factor of ~1.5 for electrons above ~100 keV at L~5, although their effect is negligible at L ≤ 3. Consequently, we suggest that the new realistic hiss wave frequency spectrum should be incorporated into future modeling of radiation belt electron dynamics.
Fowler-nordheim tunnelling in Au−TiO2−Ag film structures

I-V-characteristics have been measured for Au−TiO2−Ag structures with TiO2 layers of 30 and 180 nm thickness. The TiO2 films were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. In the case of negative bias on the Au electrode, the conduction currents through TiO2 layers follow the Fowler-Nordheim formula for field emission over several orders of magnitude. The bulk of the currents may be attributed to tunnelling, seemingly through a Schottky barrier at the Au−TiO2 junction. In the case of reversed polarity the currents are also observed, but cannot be interpreted as tunnelling.
Phase diagram of two-color QCD in a Dyson-Schwinger approach

We investigate two-color QCD with two flavors at finite temperatures and chemical potentials using a Dyson-Schwinger approach. We employ two different truncations for the quark loop in the gluon DSE: one based on the Hard-Dense/Hard-Thermal Loop (HDTL) approximation of the quark loop and one based on the back-coupling of the full, self-consistent quark propagator (SCQL). We compare results for the different truncations with each other as well as with other approaches. As expected, we find a phase dominated by the condensation of quark-quark pairs. This diquark condensation phase overshadows the critical end point and first-order phase transition which one finds if diquark condensation is neglected. The phase transition from the phase without diquark condensation to the diquark-condensation phase is of second order. We observe that the dressing with massless quarks in the HDTL approximation leads to a significant violation of the Silver Blaze property and to a too small diquark condensate. The SCQL truncation, on the other hand, is found to reproduce all expected features of the µ-dependent quark condensates. Moreover, with parameters adapted to the situation in other approaches, we also find good to very good agreement with model and lattice calculations in all quark quantities. We find indictions that the physics in recent lattice calculations is likely to be driven solely by the explicit chiral symmetry breaking. Discrepancies w.r. t. the lattice are, however, observed in two quantities that are very sensitive to the screening of the gluon propagator, the dressed gluon propagator itself and the phase-transition line at high temperatures.
Screening and Molecular Mechanisms of Novel ACE-Inhibitory Peptides from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis

Candidate peptides with novel angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor activity were obtained from hydrolysates of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis by virtual screening method. Our results showed that G. lemaneiformis peptides (GLP) could significantly lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). At least 101 peptide sequences of GLP were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis and subjected to virtual screening. A total of 20 peptides with the highest docking score were selected and chemically synthesized in order to verify their ACE-inhibitory activities. Among them, SFYYGK, RLVPVPY, and YIGNNPAKG showed good effects with IC50 values of 6.45 ± 0.22, 9.18 ± 0.42, and 11.23 ± 0.23 µmoL/L, respectively. Molecular docking studies revealed that three peptides interacted with the active center of ACE by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic forces. These peptides could form stable complexes with ACE. Furthermore, SFYYGK, RLVPVPY, and YIGNNPAKG significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) in SHR. YIGNNPAKG exhibited the highest antihypertensive effect, with the largest decrease in SBP (approximately 23 mmHg). In conclusion, SFYYGK, RLVPVPY, and YIGNNPAKG can function as potent therapeutic candidates for hypertension treatment.