Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of dilution on stochastically driven methanogenic microbial communities of hypersaline anoxic sediments

Abstract Sediments underlying the solar salterns of S’Avall are anoxic hypersaline ecosystems dominated by anaerobic prokaryotes, and with the especial relevance of putative methanogenic archaea. Slurries from salt-saturated sediments, diluted in a gradient of salinity and incubated for > 4 years revealed that salt concentration was the major selection force that deterministically structured microbial communities. The dominant archaea in the original communities showed a decrease in alpha diversity with dilution accompanied by the increase of bacterial alpha diversity, being highest at 5% salts. Correspondingly, methanogens decreased and in turn sulfate reducers increased with decreasing salt concentrations. Methanogens especially dominated at 25%. Different concentrations of litter of Posidonia oceanica seagrass added as a carbon substrate, did not promote any clear relevant effect. However, the addition of ampicillin as selection pressure exerted important effects on the assemblage probably due to the removal of competitors or enhancers. The amended antibiotic enhanced methanogenesis in the concentrations ≤ 15% of salts, whereas it was depleted at salinities ≥ 20% revealing key roles of ampicillin-sensitive bacteria.
Prognostic Biomarkers in Pituitary Tumours: A Systematic Review

Pituitary tumours (PTs) are the second most common intracranial tumour. Although the majority show benign behaviour, they may exert aggressive behaviour and can be resistant to treatment. The aim of this review is to report the recently identified biomarkers that might have possible prognostic value. Studies evaluating potentially prognostic biomarkers or a therapeutic target in invasive/recurrent PTs compared with either non-invasive or non-recurrent PTs or normal pituitaries are included in this review. In the 28 included studies, more than 911 PTs were evaluated. A systematic search identified the expression of a number of biomarkers that may be positively correlated with disease recurrence or invasion in PT, grouped according to role: (1) insensitivity to anti-growth signals: minichromosome maintenance protein 7; (2) evasion of the immune system: cyclooxygenase 2, arginase 1, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 2, cluster of differentiation (CD) 80/CD86; (3) sustained angiogenesis: endothelial cell-specific molecule, fibroblast growth factor receptor, matrix metalloproteinase 9, pituitary tumour transforming gene; (4) self-sufficiency in growth signals: epidermal growth factor receptor; and (5) tissue invasion: matrix metalloproteinase 9, fascin protein. Biomarkers with a negative correlation with disease recurrence or invasion include: (1) insensitivity to anti-growth signals: transforming growth factor β1, Smad proteins; (2) sustained angiogenesis: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; (3) tissue invasion: Wnt inhibitory factor 1; and (4) miscellaneous: co-expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and cytokeratin, and oestrogen receptors α36 and α66. PD-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 showed no clear association with invasion or recurrence, while cyclin A, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4, S100 protein, ephrin receptor, galectin-3 , neural cell adhesion molecule, protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 and steroidogenic factor 1 had no association with invasion or recurrence of PT. With the aim to develop a more personalized approach to the treatment of PT, and because of the limited number of molecular targets currently studied in the context of recurrent PT and invasion, a better understanding of the most relevant of these biomarkers by well-d esigned interventional studies will lead to a better understanding of the molecular profile of PT. This should also meet the increased need of treatable molecular targets.
Serum anti-Müllerian hormone: A potential biomarker for polycystic ovary syndrome

Background & objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by chronic ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM). Although hyperandrogenism is one of the major features of PCOS, it is rarely observed in southeast Asia. Recently, however, there has been growing evidence on association of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) with PCOS. The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic potentials of AMH in PCOS individuals. Methods: This case-control study included a total of 131 women with PCOS and 49 healthy controls who were enrolled after the exclusion of secondary causes of PCOS. Serum AMH was measured using an ultra-sensitive AMH ELISA kit in addition to other diagnostic biomarkers. Statistical analyses was carried out using the Student's t test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Spearman's rank correlation test and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The median AMH values were 8.5 ng/ml and 2.5 ng/ml in the study group and controls, respectively (P<0.001). The normal cutoff value of 4.1 ng/ml for AMH was derived from ROC curve analysis. With a 4.1 ng/ml cut-off value, high levels of AMH was found in about 84 per cent of PCOS cases. However, no significant difference in AMH level was noted between age groups (<20 vs. ≥20 yr), body mass index (BMI) (<25 vs. ≥25 kg/m[2]) and PCOM types. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for AMH yielded diagnostic range values. In total PCOS cases, AUC was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88 and 0.96), and in phenotype A PCOS cases, AUC was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.91 and 0.98). The correlation test also showed no association with BMI, the FG score, PCOM, free androgen index, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and luteinizing hormone. However, a weak correlation was observed with testosterone in total PCOS cases and with DHT as well as age in phenotype A PCOS cases. The prediction model for PCOS using multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed AMH as the best marker. Interpretation & conclusions: The results of this study suggest that AMH can be considered as the most promising biomarker in PCOS women, particularly with phenotype A and phenotype D.
Can Sustainable Behaviors Be “Designed-In?”: Effects Of Composting Type On Municipal Solid Waste Production And Composting Attitude

Introduction: Food waste poses a threat to environmental, economic, and human health. Composting can reduce the threat, yet there is a dearth of research on household-level composting participation. Methods: A within-subjects, randomized-to-order experimental field study with baseline and repeated measures was conducted in an Upstate New York apartment complex. Self-reported weekly trash weights and composting attitudes were collected from 27 households who used three composting types over 14 weeks. Results: A mixed model ANOVA revealed a significant reduction in waste from baseline for all three composting types. Indoor and outdoor composting reduced waste more than off-site food scraps recycling. An interaction was found for composting type by stage in family lifecycle, composting experience, ecological behaviors, and proximity but not environmental concern on waste reduction. Qualitative analysis revealed a general preference for indoor composting yet attitudes ranged widely. Discussion: The results suggest different composing types are suited to different household types.
A Semianalytical Solution of a Vertical Fractured Well With Varying Conductivity Under Non-Darcy-Flow Condition

Fracture distributions (simple or complex fractures), fracture-conductivity heterogeneity (uniform or varying conductivity along the fracture), and flow regimes inside the fracture (Darcy or nonDarcy flow) are the three main issues that have been widely investigated for transient-pressure analysis of vertical fracture systems. In this study, we focus on the latter two issues by proposing a semianalytical solution to discuss the transient-pressure behaviors of a varying-conductivity fracture under non-Darcy-flow condition. First, a general fracture-flow equation is established for the uniform-/varying-conductivity fracture under Darcy/non-Darcy flow. Second, for the case of a varying-conductivity fracture, a dimension transformation and an unequal-length-discretization model are proposed to obtain the pressure solution. Then, the transient-pressure response for the case of non-Darcy flow in the fracture can be also obtained by use of an iterative procedure in each timestep in the Laplace domain. It is shown that results from our solutions agree very well with those reported in the literature (Guppy et al. 1982; Poe et al. 1992). Third, the transient-pressure behaviors of the varying-conductivity fracture under Darcyand non-Darcy-flow condition are discussed in detail. Results show that non-Darcy flow in the fracture mainly reduces the effective conductivity and the transient-pressure curve follows the curve of an equivalently constant conductivity except for the case of extremely small conductivities. The pressure behaviors of varying-conductivity fractures depend on the value of average conductivity, the distribution of conductivity along the fracture, and the maximum-minimum-conductivity ratio. The presence of the varying conductivity not only affects the effective conductivity in the early and late times, but also changes the shape of the pressure curve, especially for the high-conductivity fracture in the early time. It is very difficult to accurately estimate the fracture parameters by well test for most of the cases of varying conductivities under non-Darcy flow in the fracture.
A Fuzzy Set-Based Model for Educational Serious Games with 360-Degree Videos

Currently, the use of 360° videos combined with virtual reality (VR) techniques in the educational context has been considered a promising field of research. However, there is still a shortage not only of educational serious games (ESG) that implement such resources but also of models that can enhance the player’s experience and evaluate their performance. This work presents a decision model for SGE with 360° videos. The model was developed from artificial intelligence (AI) techniques with the aim of enhancing the player’s learning using immersion mechanisms and pedagogical reinforcement strategies based on the player’s experience and performance evaluation. The model was integrated into the SG The Mystery of Pandora to evaluate its efficiency. The game was evaluated with a sample of 52 participants aged between 13 and 63 ( M = 33.55 , SD = 12.14 ). The results showed adjustments made by the model in the final performance of the players based on their exploration in the 360° videos. Such adjustments allowed identifying players with learning difficulties and recommending pedagogical reinforcement to enhance learning. It was also possible to verify that players would win the game without the minimum knowledge expected about the subject if the decision model was not used.
A look at the past to draw lessons for the future: how the case of an urgent ICU transfer taught us to always be ready with a plan B

Objective The urgent transfer of an intensive care unit (ICU) is particularly challenging because it carries a high clinical and infectious risk and is a critical node in a hospital’s patient flow. In early 2017, exceptional rainfall damaged the roof of the tertiary hospital in Udine, necessitating the relocation of one of the three ICUs for six months. We decided to assess the impact of this transfer on quality of care and patient safety using a set of indicators, primarily considering the incidence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and mortality rates. Methods We performed a retrospective, observational analysis of structural, process, and outcome indicators comparing the pre- and posttransfer phases. Specifically, we analyzed data between July 2016 and June 2017 for the transferred ICU and examined mortality and the incidence of HAI. Results Despite significant changes in structural and organizational aspects of the unit, no differences in mortality rates or cumulative incidence of HAIs were observed before/after transfer. We collected data for all 393 patients (133 women, 260 men) admitted to the ICU before (49.4%) and after transfer (50.6%). The mortality rate for 100 days in the ICU was 1.90 (34/1791) before and 2.88 (37/1258) after transfer (p = 0.063). The evaluation of the occurrence of at least one HAI included 304 patients (102 women and 202 men), as 89 of them were excluded due to a length of stay in the ICU of less than 48 h; again, there was no statistical difference between the two cumulative incidences (13.1% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.075). Conclusion In the case studied, no adverse effects on patient outcomes were observed after urgent transfer of the injured ICU. The indicators used in this study may be an initial suggestion for further discussion.
Surgical Lymph Node Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Lymphoma: A Case Report

We report the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of a 52-year-old woman who originally presented to her primary care provider with adenopathy. Core needle biopsy (CNB) was inconclusive as it could not distinguish between follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). A left axillary surgical lymph node biopsy was performed and demonstrated that the patient had a DLBCL arising from grade 3 follicular lymphoma. We discuss the limitations of CNB and the value of surgical lymph node biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphoma. The patient recovered from the biopsy without complications, and chemotherapy was initiated after the procedure. The patient has now remained in complete remission at 22 months.
Board expertise and the relationship between bank risk governance and performance

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze the correlation between risk governance and bank performance while taking into consideration the influence of board expertise. The study argues that the connection between risk governance and performance depends on the level of expertise among board members who are integral to the risk governance framework. By analyzing data from 83 bank-year observations, which includes information from the bank focus database and hand-collected data from annual reports spanning the period from 2012 to 2021, this research employs panel models to analyze the impact of board expertise on bank risk governance and performance relationships among a selection of banks in Sub-Saharan Africa. The research reveals two significant findings: Firstly, the establishment of risk governance structures is negatively associated with bank performance. Secondly, there exists a negative association between the expertise of the board members and their performance. Finally, the study found the risk governance and performance relationship to be positively and significantly moderated by board expertise. The evidence in this study suggests that for risk governance structures to achieve the desired objectives of enhancing performance, board members must possess the required technical expertise. Regulators and shareholders may find this result useful in strengthening regulatory requirements on board expertise and in appointing board members, respectively.
PRELIMINARY SCIENTIFIC ESTIMATIONS OF TUNA (tribe Thunnini) LANDED BY THE SPANISH SURFACE LONGLINE FLEET TARGETING SWORDFISH IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN: YEARS 1999 - 2000.

This document is a recapitulation of the preliminary scientific estimations of the landings of bycatches of several species of tuna carried out by the Spanish surface longliners targeting swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the Atlantic Ocean in 1999 and 2000, broken down into species and BIL areas as defined by the ICCAT for swordfish statistical areas. RESUME Le present document recapitule les estimations scientifiques preliminaires des debarquements de prises accessoires de plusieurs especes de thonides par les palangriers espagnols qui visaient l’espadon (Xiphias gladius) dans l’Atlantique en 1999 et en 2000, ventilees par espece et par zones BIL, telles que celles-ci sont definies par l’ICCAT. RESUMEN
Design and Build Omotenashi (Japanese-Style Hospitality) Applications Through Chanoyu Based on Graphical Users Interfaces (GUI)

Along with answering the challenges of the tourism industry, which is increasingly intensifying with information technology, this study seeks to convey omotenashi knowledge using information technology in the form of digital applications. This application was developed using the R&D method and the ADDIE learning model, combining thinking skills, ethics, and activities. This type of digital application approach uses a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The purpose of this study is to create an application that provides information about 1) Knowledge of the philosophical values contained in chanoyu; 2) Knowledge of the equipment used; 3) Knowledge of the process of serving tea; 4) Knowledge of cha kaiseki (Japanese table manners); 5) Knowledge of how to deal with guests in good Japanese style. Through the interfaces of the omotenashi application, Japanese and tourism learners will more easily understand the chanoyu philosophy and the stages of the procedure that usually require a teacher in every move. With this application, the problem can be solved by following these standards, students can practice independently to get omotenashi scores and apply them in life.
Effects of Super Absorbent Resin on Leaf Water Use Efficiency and Yield in Dry-land Wheat

The effect of Super Absorbent Resin (SAR) on soil characteristics and production of wheat was conducted to study in a potted cultivated experiment, with Jimai 22 as experimental material and adopted single factor block design under the dry farming condition. The results show that: the application of SAR in dry-land wheat, increases degree of soil Relative water content among the whole growth period, especially in tiller stage, heading stage, grain-filling stage, but in Jointing stage and mature stage (require less water), it effected less obviously. Within a certain range, SAR can increase leaf water use efficiency in dry-land wheat and the more SAR, the bigger soil water content and leaf water use efficiency. But litter effect on Wheat Soil hydrogen ion concentration (pH). The SAR has positive impact on wheat yield component factors and yield.
Prospective review of 188 cases of epistaxis presenting to the emergency department: Etiology and outcome

Background: Due to a myriad of risk factors, epistaxis is a very frequent presentation to the emergency room (ER). This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of epistaxis in our population, risk factors, effectiveness of ER treatment, complications, and ER outcome.Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study performed in the ER of a referral tertiary care center in south India. Data were categorized, coded, and analyzed to determine the objective of the study. Results: During the study's six-month duration, 188 (0.6%) patients presented with epistaxis. The mean age was 42.9 (SD: 16.49) years, with a male preponderance of 143 (76.1%). A majority of these patients (n: 156; 82.9%) were triaged as priority II, with hypertension (n: 53, 28.2%) as the commonest comorbidities. Trauma-related epistaxis (n: 107, 56.9%) was the most frequent cause. Anterior nasal packing was carried out for 85 (45.2%) patients, posterior nasal packing was carried out for one (0.5%) patient, and bleeding had spontaneously resolved in the majority (n: 102; 54.3%) patients. Seven (3.7%; p-value: 0.001) patients had recurrent epistaxis, and of those, three (1.6%) required urgent resuscitation with crystalloid fluid and blood products. Two of these patients had bleeding dyscrasias, four had history of trauma, and one patient presented with uncontrolled hypertension. Two (1.1%) patients came back to us with recurrent bleeding within 12 h of discharge. Majority (69.2%; 130) were discharged stable, (23.9%; 45) were admitted for observation and (6.9%; 13) were discharged against medical advice. There was no mortality among these study populations. Conclusion: Middle-young, aged males most commonly presented with epistaxis. Most of them were secondary to trauma. Anterior nasal bleeding was the most common source and hemostasis could be obtained by anterior nasal packing. Majority could be discharged stable from the ER. However, this cohort had seen patients in life-threatening conditions, so the severity cannot be overlooked.
Epicentre accuracy based on seismic network criteria

SUMMARY We establish reliable and conservative estimates for epicentre location accuracy using data that are readily available in published seismic bulletins. A large variety of seismic studies rely on catalogues of event locations, making proper assessment of location uncertainty critical. Event location and uncertainty parameters in most global, regional and national earthquake catalogues are obtained from traditional linearized inversion methods using a 1-D Earth model to predict traveltimes. Reported catalogue uncertainties are based on the assumption that error processes are Gaussian, zero mean and uncorrelated. Unfortunately, these assumptions are commonly violated, leading to the underestimation of true location uncertainty, especially at high confidence levels. We find that catalogue location accuracy is most reliably estimated by station geometry. We make use of two explosions with exactly known epicentres to develop local network location (0 ◦ ‐2.5 ◦ ) accuracy criteria. Using Monte Carlo simulations of network geometry, we find that local network locations are accurate to within 5 km with a 95 per cent confidence level when the network meets the following criteria: (1) there are 10 or more stations, all within 250 km, (2) an azimuthal gap of less than 110 ◦ , (3) a secondary azimuthal gap of less than 160 ◦ and (4) at least one station within 30 km. To derive location accuracy criteria for near-regional (2.5 ◦ ‐10 ◦ ), regional (2.5 ◦ ‐20 ◦ ) and teleseismic (28 ◦ ‐91 ◦ ) networks, we use a large data set of exceptionally well-located earthquakes and nuclear explosions. Beyond local distances, we find that the secondary azimuthal gap is sufficient to constrain epicentre accuracy, and location error increases when the secondary azimuthal gap exceeds 120 ◦ . When station coverage meets the criterion of a secondary azimuth gap of less than 120 ◦ , near-regional networks provide 20 km accuracy at the 90 per cent confidence level, while regional and teleseismic networks provide 25 km accuracy at the 90 per cent confidence level.