Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of the water depth on oscillatory flows over a flat plate: from the intermittent towards the fully turbulent regime

We performed high-resolution numerical simulations of a turbulent flow driven by an oscillating uniform pressure gradient. The purpose was to investigate the influence of a reduced water depth h on the structure and dynamics of the turbulent boundary layer and the transition towards a fully turbulent flow. The study is motivated by applications of oscillatory flows, such as tides, in which h is of the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the turbulent boundary layer . It was found that, if h ∼ , the turbulent flow is characterized by (1) an increase of the magnitude of the surface velocity, (2) an increase in the magnitude of the wall shear stress and (3) a phase lead of the velocity profiles, all with respect to the reference case for which h ≫ δ . These results are in agreement with analytical solutions for a laminar oscillatory flow. Nevertheless, if the value of the Reynolds number is too small and h ∼ , the flow relaminarizes.
Role of Notch1 in Cardiac Cell Differentiation and Migration: A Dissertation

The cardiac conduction system is responsible for maintaining and orchestrating the rhythmic contractions of the heart. Results from lineage tracing studies indicate that precursor cells in the ventricles give rise to both cardiac muscle and conduction cells. Using chick embryonic hearts, we have found that Notch signaling plays an important role in the differentiation of cardiac muscle and conduction cell lineages in the ventricles. Notch1 expression coincides with a conduction marker at early stages of conduction system development. Mis-expression of constitutively active Notch1 (NIC) in early heart tubes exhibited multiple effects on cardiac cell differentiation. Cells expressing NIC had a significant decrease in the expression of cardiac muscle markers, but an increase in the expression of conduction cell markers. Loss-of-function studies further support that Notch1 signaling is important for the differentiation of these cardiac cell types. Functional electrophysiology studies show that the expression of constitutively active Notch1 resulted in abnormalities in ventricular conduction pathway patterns. During cardiogenesis, groups of myocardial cells become separated from each other, and migrate to form the trabeculae. These finger-like projections found within the ventricular chamber coalesce to generate the muscular portions of the interventricular septum, the thickened myocardium, and future sites of the conduction system. We have found that Notch signaling regulates the migration of cardiac cells during cardiogenesis. Over-expression of constitutively
Oral health-related quality of life and the index of orthodontic treatment need to evaluate the association of patients' self-perceived need and normative need toward orthodontic treatment

Aims: To assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with malocclusion and to measure the association of OHRQoL with orthodontic treatment need. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 290 participants aged 13 to 30 years, attending orthodontic clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College (MMMC). The participants were asked to complete the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), after which clinical examinations were conducted to assess normative orthodontic treatment needs using the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Results: A total of 290 adolescent and young adults participated in this study. The mean overall score for OHIP-14 was 11.8(±8.0). There was no significant association of oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) between different age groups, gender, ethnicities and education levels. There was no significant association between age, gender, ethnicity, education level and orthodontic treatment need. Also, there was no significant association of OHIP-14 score between no treatment need and little treatment need. However, OHIP-14 score was significantly higher in borderline treatment need compared to no treatment need (6.06, 95% CI 1.07, 11.04), little treatment need (3.95, 95% CI 1.75, 6.16) while high treatment need had significantly higher OHIP-14 score than borderline treatment need (7.13, 95% CI 3.46, 10.80). Conclusion: Malocclusion has a significant negative impact on OHRQoL. There is a significant association in mean overall OHIP score when comparing high orthodontic treatment needs and with no treatment needs. This study did not find any significant association in orthodontic treatment needs in relation to age groups, gender, ethnicities and education level.
Automatically Georeferencing Textual Documents

Most documents can be said to be related to some form of geographic context and the development of computational methods for processing geospatial information, as embedded into natural language descriptions, is a cardinal issue for multiple disciplines. In the context of my M.Sc. thesis, I empirically evaluated automated techniques, based on a hierarchical representation for the Earth’s surface and leveraging linear classifiers, for assigning geospatial coordinates of latitude and longitude to previously unseen documents, using only the raw text as input evidence. Noting that humans may rely on a variety of linguistic constructs to communicate geospatial information, I attempted to measure the extent to which different types (i.e., place names versus other textual terms) and/or sources of textual content (i.e., curated sources like Wikipedia, versus general Web contents) can influence the results obtained by automated document geocoding methods. The obtained results confirm that general textual terms, besides place names, can also be highly geo-indicative. Moreover, text from general Web sources can be used to increase the performance of models based on curated text. The best performing models obtained state-of-the-art results, corresponding to an average prediction error of 88 Kilometers, and a median error of just 8 Kilometers, in the case of experiments with English documents and when leveraging Wikipedia contents together with data from hypertext anchors and their surrounding contexts. In experiments with German, Spanish and Portuguese documents, for which I had significantly less data taken only from Wikipedia, the same method obtains average prediction errors of 62, 166 and 105 Kilometers, respectively, and median prediction errors of 5, 13, or 21 Kilometers.
MANAGERIAL CHALLENGES OF THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY

Topic and aim of the paper is to research the causes of the current global crisis, which manifests itself in financial terms, but whose origin is due to the ethical model of reference: the question is evident both in macroeconomics and in Business Economics. Just from this last point of view, the article will attempt to highlight what should be the correct drivers of ethical management for companies oriented towards an internationalization of their business. The paper attempts to build a comprehensive picture of this dimension explaining the linkages between a number of factors and how these linkages determine the nature of the effects for a nation-state. Globalization’s magnitude is the one of a phenomenon, and many nation-states are unable to influence the process itself. Nevertheless, the analysis revealed that there are a number of factors that could influence the effects of economic globalization for a nation-state.Therefore, the main objective of the organization shall be to achieve sustained success. In this paper we present a completely original conceptual model management system should be implemented by economic organizations in order to achieve sustained success to be able to face the challenges of globalization.
IMPLANTAR: Dental Implant Planning using Tablets and Mobile Augmented Reality

Poor preoperative implant planning can negatively affect implantologists performance during intraoperative procedures, resulting in lack of precision and efficiency at this stage. Conventional preoperative implant planning do not provide 3D perception nor promote 3D recallability. In this paper, we propose a mobile augmented reality system to assist preoperative implant planning. We converted a tablet into a six degrees of freedom portal so that users can improve both camera control and 3D anatomical understanding. The implantologist, using both the position and orientation of the tablet in relation to the target and and touch screen for precision input, can accurately place a virtual implant in a 3D maxilla using a multi-scale interface by handling a tablet. A usability test was conducted with several professionals. Results indicate that our approach constitutes a versatile, portable, and complementary interactive device to conventional implant planning software.
Assessment of Ecological Status of Two Rivers with Different Types of Anthropogenic Pollution in Southern Bulgaria Based on the Level of Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Populations of Marsh Frog Rana ridibunda (Amphibia: Ranidae)

The degree of manifestation of the indicators of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was studied in the populations of Rana ridibunda in two of the most polluted river ecosystems in Southern Bulgaria. The integral indicator of developmental stability, evaluation of the ecological condition parallel to the data of physicochemical analysis was performed. It was found that the variations in genetic homeostasis in the populations of R. ridibunda in a habitat under conditions of anthropogenic pollution occur independently on the type of toxicants, but the degree of violation expression in the form of FA depends on the nature of the pollution.
Calorific values of Miscanthus x giganteus biomass cultivated under suboptimal conditions in marginal soils

Miscanthus x giganteus is a second-generation biofuel crop with C4-photosynthesis, efficient water usage and high resilience to environmental conditions. From sustainability point of view is promising its cultivation on marginal soils, such as brownfields or contaminated sites. These soils however provide suboptimal cultivation conditions which can affect the quality of biomass including calorific values. In this work we have determined calorific values of young M. x giganteus biomass samples (1 or 2 years of cultivation) cultivated in various marginal soils. Obtained average calorific value was 17.44±0.70 MJ/kg (dry mass), which is value comparable to firewood or middle quality brown coal. The variability of calorific values was quite large. Stems had slightly but significantly higher calorific values compared to leaves. Significantly higher calorific values were also obtained for field experiments than for pot experiments. Plant growth regulator (PGR) Stimpo increased significantly stems calorific value compared to non-treated plants while the calorific values of plants treated by PGR Charkor were comparable with non-treated control. Cultivation of M. x giganteus in petroleum industry contaminated soil resulted in the most significant reduction of calorific values of leaves besides order of magnitude reduction of quantity of biomass. Overall the results show that from energetic point of view, M. x giganteus provides highly energetic biomass even if cultivated in marginal soils and it is thus promising for sustainable use of such localities.
The characteristic features of skeletal class III in Iraqi adult orthodontic patient

Background: Skeletal class III malocclusion is one of the dentofacial anomalies which associated with deviation in the sagittal relationship of maxilla and mandible. This study performed to determine the characteristic features of skeletal class III compared with skeletal class I. Materials and methods: Skeletal class III sample included 100 pretreatment digital lateral cephalometric radiographs (18-29) years which selected on the basis of Beta angle [> 35°] and divided into five groups according to location of maxilla and mandible in relation to the anterior cranial base (SNA and SNB angles). Another 45 radiographs were selected as control group (normal SNA, SNB angles, Beta angle 27°-35°). Fourteen angular and eight linear measurements digitized and recorded using AutoCAD 2010 computer program. Results and Conclusions: In comparison with skeletal class I, skeletal class III had: Shorter anterior cranial base length, more obtuse gonial angle, no significant difference in the articular angle and upper anterior facial height. Labially proclined upper incisor and lingually retroclined lower incisor. The prognathism of both jaws was formed 43% of the sample with the most horizontal growth pattern and protruded profile, the retrognathism of both jaws formed 20% with the most vertical growth pattern and retruded profile. 17% of the sample had normal positioned maxilla and protruded mandible and displayed horizontal growth pattern with protruded profile. Pure retruded maxilla formed 12% of the sample and the least type was the combined maxillary retrognathism and mandibular prognathism (8%); both showed vertical growth pattern with protruded profile but extremely obvious in the latest one.
ASSESSMENT OF GENU RECURVATUM IN HEMIPLEGIC PATIENTS HEM‹PLEJ‹K HASTALARDA GENU

Genu recurvatum (GR) is an extremely complex and debilitating deformity of the lower extremity in the rehabilitation patients. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of GR with parameters such as balance, muscle strength, sensory and motor evaluation, early mobilization period, walking speed, walking distance in the hemiplegic patients. 30 stroke patients who were first attack of a cerebrovascular accident were recorded for this study. Balance, sensation, muscle strength, spasticity, range of motion of lower extremity of the hemiplegic patients were evaluated. Motor testing and mobility were assessed by using Fugl-Meyer scale, Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) respectively. The angle of genu recurvatum is measured by lateral x-ray of the knee by loading in the standing position. In conclusion, statistically significant correlation was determined between GR and muscle weakness in knee extansors, spasticity, Fugl-Meyer motor scale. Key words; genu recurvatum, hemiplegia, gait, stroke
From Power to Inaction: Ambivalence Gives Pause to the Powerful

Research has shown that people who feel powerful are more likely to act than those who feel powerless, whereas people who feel ambivalent are less likely to act than those whose reactions are univalent (entirely positive or entirely negative). But what happens when powerful people also are ambivalent? On the basis of the self-validation theory of judgment, we hypothesized that power and ambivalence would interact to predict individuals’ action. Because power can validate individuals’ reactions, we reasoned that feeling powerful strengthens whatever reactions people have during a decision. It can strengthen univalent reactions and increase action orientation, as shown in past research. Among people who hold an ambivalent judgment, however, those who feel powerful would be less action oriented than those who feel powerless. Two experiments provide evidence for this hypothesized interactive effect of power and ambivalence on individuals’ action tendencies during both positive decisions (promoting an employee; Experiment 1) and negative decisions (firing an employee; Experiment 2). In summary, when individuals’ reactions are ambivalent, power increases the likelihood of inaction.
Measure Computation and Patterns Detection in Social Networks with GPU Acceleration

—Applying known graph metrics to social network graphs have high execution times due to the large graph size. Using GPUs it is possible to improve the execution of these metrics, but the GPU memory is limited. The main focus of this work will be to use the GPUs to process graphs larger than the GPU memory GPUs have a complex hardware that is capable of running thousands of concurrent threads. Understanding the architecture of a GPU, the thread and memory organization is necessary to develop efﬁcient GPU kernels. This work discusses the implementation of two node centrality metrics, the PageRank and beteweenness centrality, on a CUDA platform. It also studies the possibility of applying these metrics on large, graphs inside a GPU. The PageRank results prove that it is possible to process large graphs on a GPU, using graph partitioning and CUDA Streams. Another interesting result was found by caching the rank transfer for each node, in each iteration. In the PageRank 9 × speedups where achieved for a graph with 7 . 0 GB of size.
Rift Structure and Sediment Infill of Hyperextended Continental Crust: Insights From 3D Seismic and Well Data (Xisha Trough, South China Sea)

Three‐dimensional seismic and well data from the deepwater Xisha Trough are used to investigate the rift structure and sediment infill of a region formed adjacently to the initial oceanic ridge of the South China Sea (SCS). The high‐quality data permitted a detailed analysis of features such as (1) detachment faults soling out at the Moho, (2) rotated and thinned continental blocks covered by thick sediment, and (3) changes in the location of basin depocenters resulting from detachment faulting. During the continental rifting phase (Eocene to earliest Oligocene), faulting was broadly distributed in the Xisha Trough and resulted in the generation of isolated grabens/half grabens filled by proximal sediment sources. During continental breakup in the Northwest Ocean Sector of SCS (Oligocene), extension became restricted to a narrow region where highly tilted continental blocks and thin crust were formed. Sediment was, at that time, fed to distal depocenters, which are presently bounded by listric faults rooted in a basal detachment. Later in a second stage (early Miocene), synchronously with continental breakup in the Southwest Ocean Sector of the SCS, the study area was blanketed by thick sediment. During the two continental breakup events, the hyperextended Xisha Trough was affected by closely spaced, small‐scale faults rather than large basement‐related structures. Our study highlights the effect of continental breakup as a way to broaden sediment influx from multiple sources into deepwater basins. As a corollary, this work recognizes two distinct breakup sequences in the Xisha Trough and concludes on their geodynamic significance to the SCS.
Labor Costs and the Evolution of New Establishments∗

The slow growth of new plants has been attributed to financial constraints and learning. This paper proposes higher labor costs as an additional constraint. Using German linked employer-employee data, I document that wages in new establishments are 10 percent higher than in old establishments. This difference persists after controlling for detailed covariates, including establishment and worker fixed effects. I show that the most plausible explanation for the differential are search frictions that lead to higher wages among fast growing employers. Simulations show that the higher labor costs can account for a significant part of the evolution of the firm size distribution. ∗Contact: jfs2106@columbia.edu. For their constant advice and tireless support, I am deeply indebted to my thesis committee: Janet Currie, W. Bentley MacLeod, Jonah Rockoff, and Till von Wachter. This paper has also greatly benefited from very helpful discussions with Jérôme Adda, Stefan Bender, Luis Cabral, Mai Dao, Joshua Goodman, John Haltiwanger, Gábor Kézdi, Francis Kramarz, Erzo F. P. Luttmer, Cecilia Machado, Marco Manacorda, Enrico Moretti, Barbara Petrongolo, Jean-Marc Robin, Bernard Salanié, Guru Sethupathy, Daniel Trefler, Eric Verhoogen, and the seminar participants at Columbia University, RWI, IAB, University of Trier, and the CAED conference 2008. I further thank the Research Data Center of the German Federal Employment Agency at the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) for their great support with accessing the data. This project has been supported by the Population Center at Columbia University and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). I am responsible for any mistakes.
Do Market Failures Justify Tightening Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards?

This paper develops and implements analytical models to estimate the welfare effects of higher Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards on new passenger vehicles. The analysis incorporates a broad range of fueland driving-related externalities, fuel taxes, different assumptions concerning consumers’ valuation of fuel saving technologies and their alternative value in enhancing other vehicle attributes, and endogenous vehicle fleet composition. To implement the analysis, we develop estimates of CAFE’s impact on local pollution, nationwide congestion, and traffic accidents. We find that higher fuel economy standards can produce anything from significant welfare gains, to very little or no effect, to significant welfare losses, depending on how consumers value fuel economy technologies and their opportunity costs.
Significant High Mortality of eggs and young larvae of two Pine

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Electrooxidation and determination of tramadol in the presence of dopamine at poly 1,8-diaminonaphthalene derivative modified platinum electrode

Modified platinum electrode based on the poly 8-(3-acetylimino-6-methyl-2,4-dioxopyran)-1aminonaphthalene (PAMDAN) film was prepared by electrochemical polymerization technique. The modified electrode showed electrocatalytic activity toward tramadol (Tram) oxidation in acidic aqueous solution. It was demonstrated that Pt electrode modified by PAMDAN film (PAMDAN/Pt modified electrode) could be used for Tram detection using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. This modified electrode was quite effective not only for detecting Tram, but also for simultaneous determination of Tram and dopamine (DA) in a mixture with satisfactory results.
Polychaete (Marphysa mosambica) Morphometrics, and their use in the Estimation of Whole Polychaete Size and Breeding Values of Bait Exploited by Artisanal Fishers at the Kenyan Coastline

Polychaetes, such as Marphysa mosambica, are extensively used as bait in tropical artisanal fisheries, while, cultured polychaetes are exploited as fishfeed in mariculture. In order to monitor exploited wild and cultured polychaetes populations, metrics that predict growth and reproductive condition, are needed. Adult polychaete specimen were collected from mudflats at three locations along the Kenyan coastline. Measurements of the head, trunk and tail length were obtained and correlated to whole polychaete dimension. Breeding values monitored were condition factor and gonadosomatic index. Regression between morphometrics and whole polychaete dimension, and also breeding values, were obtained and the best variable estimator identified. Results indicate, adult polychaete along the Kenyan coastline are 97 mm long, with 170 segments and weigh 2.36g, with an average egg load of 106 eggs. Polychaete morphometric and condition factor differed among the locations, but GSI were similar. Differences were attributed to habitat characteristics and bait exploitation patterns. Polychaete trunk length and width, were best estimators (r<0.4) of whole polychaete dimension, condition factor and GSI. Upon further validation, trunk dimensions may be used for rapid estimation of the total length, weight and reproductive condition of polychaetes.