Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LINGUISTICA ANTVERPIENSIA The Anterior Longitudinal Ligament Ossification in Vertebral Spine in Pakistani Population

Background: The vertebrae are aligned and joined together by intervertebral joints and ligaments in a vertebral column. The anterior longitudinal ligament is one of the most important ligaments, studied widely in context of anatomy. The deterioration of anterior longitudinal ligament can result in various disorders, which includes instability to spine, backache deformities and nerve entrapments. Objectives: To assess the anterior longitudinal ligament by evaluating the incidence of ossification types along with the associated factors. Methodology: The study took place from Nov 2020 to March 2021 at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. It included 20 disarticulated sets of bones and 20 cadavers used in dissection. Results: Ossification was evident in 3 sets of vertebrae at different levels. On the other hand, cadaveric specimens showed no ossification. Conclusion: It can be concluded that ossification of anterior ligaments of spine is rare and preventable. By assessing the cause of ossification and preventing it timely, deformities and neurological disorders can be avoided.
stage 2 children ’ s self-concept and risk taking in mathematics

101 words) 3 Chapter 1 – Introduction (819 words) 4 Chapter 2 – Literature review – The topic (4748 words) 7 Chapter 3 – Literature review – The conceptual framework (2846 words) 22 Chapter 4 – The research proposal (887 words) 31 Chapter 5 – Research design, research methods, and methods of analysis (2856 words) 34 Postscript – Narrative critical reflection (611 words) 44
Low Noise Road Surfaces -A State-of the -Art ReViewi

This article summarizes present knowledge concerning the design and performance of low noise road surfaces. As a background, noise generation mechanisms and mechanisms causing noise reduction by surface design are explained, as well as the currently best measurement procedures. Guidelines on how to design a surface for low noise characteris(cid:8212) given, for example texture optimization. There is no doubt that road surfaces will be used frequently to reduce traf(cid:64257)c noise and can give substantial effects. One shall, however, observe that this may mean serious economic trade-offs and some other problems, as well as the long-term noise reduction ef(cid:64257)ciency still is poor for most designs.
Changing office location patterns and their importance in the perpheral expansion of the 1960 2008

Recent development patterns have seen the urban region of Dublin evolve from a compact urban form towards a dispersed development pattern assisted by a shift in service-sector employment In particular, this paper examines the movement of the oﬃce sector towards a number of suburban locations over the period from 1960 to 2008. It outlines the manner in which the geographic location of oﬃce development in Dublin has been transformed over recent years from one which focused primarily on a single dominant core from the 1960s until the 1980s, towards one in which numerous and widely-spread suburban sites tended to account for a growing proportion of new developments during the 1990s and early 2000s.the implications of this emerging pattern are of signiﬁcant importance to the long term development of the region.
Total absolute horospherical curvature of submanifolds in hyperbolic space

We study the horospherical geometry of submanifolds in hyperbolic space. The main result is a formula for the total absolute horospherical curvature of $M,$ which implies, for the horospherical geometry, the analogues of classical inequalities of the Euclidean Geometry. We prove the horospherical Chern-Lashof inequality for surfaces in $3$-space and the horospherical Fenchel and Fary-Milnor's theorems.
PhosphocholineC-Reactive Protein to Cell-Surface Surface by Competing with the Binding of Pneumococcal Complement Deposition on the Pneumococcal Surface Protein A Inhibits

In the presence of normal serum, complement component C3 is deposited on pneumococci primarily via the classical pathway. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), a major virulence factor of pneumococci, effectively inhibits C3 deposition. PspA’s C terminus has a choline-binding domain that anchors PspA to the phosphocholine (PC) moieties on the pneumococcal surface. C-reactive protein (CRP), another important host defense molecule, also binds to PC, and CRP binding to pneumococci enhances complement C3 deposition through the classical pathway. Using ﬂow cytometry of PspA + and PspA 2 strains, we observed that the absence of PspA led to exposure of PC, enhanced the surface binding of CRP, and increased the deposition of C3. Moreover, when the PspA 2 mutant was incubated with a pneumococcal eluate containing native PspA, there was decreased deposition of CRP and C3 on the pneumococcal surface compared with incubation with an eluate from a PspA 2 strain. This inhibition was not observed when a recombinant PspA fragment, which lacks the choline-binding region of PspA, was added to the PspA 2 mutant. Also, there was much greater C3 deposition onto the PspA 2 pneumococcus when exposed to normal mouse serum from wild-type mice as compared with that from CRP knockout mice. Furthermore, when CRP knockout mouse serum was replenished with CRP, there was a dose-dependent increase in C3 deposition. The combined data reveal a novel mechanism of complement inhibition by a bacterial protein: inhibition of CRP
Expression dynamics of the Medicago truncatula transcriptome during the symbiotic 16 interaction with Sinorhizobium meliloti : which role for nitric oxide ?

Medicago truncatula is one of the most studied model plants. Nevertheless, the genome of 41 this legume remains incompletely determined. We used RNA-Seq to characterize the 42 transcriptome during the early organogenesis of the nodule and during its functioning. We 43 detected 37,333 expressed transcription units (TUs), 1,670 had never been described before 44 and were functionally annotated. We identified 7,595 new transcribed regions, mostly 45 corresponding to 5’ and 3’ UTR extensions and new exons associated with 5,264 previously 46 annotated genes. We also inferred 23,165 putative transcript isoforms from 6,587 genes and 47 measured the abundance of transcripts for each isoform, which suggests an important role for 48 alternative splicing in the generation of proteome diversity in M. truncatula . Finally, we 49 carried out a differential expression analysis, which provided a comprehensive view of 50 transcriptional reprogramming during nodulation. In particular, depletion of nitric oxide in 51 roots inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti greatly increased our understanding of the role of 52 this reactive species in the optimal establishment of the symbiotic interaction, in revealing 53 differential patterns of expression for 2,030 genes and, in pointing to the inhibition of the 54 expression of defense genes. the transcriptome landscape of M. and its expression at stages with early organogenesis of the nodules and fully differentiated functioning nodules.
Enantia chlorantha and its Multiple Therapeutic Virtues: A Mini Review

Enantia chlorantha is a plant commonly employed traditionally in phytotherapy to treat various ills. It has been a source of interest for many scientific works due to its exceptional properties, thus in the essence of highlighting the most pertinent outcome of the results obtained, this review had as objective to present the plant, its traditional uses, its composition, and multitude of exploitable virtues. Nevertheless, the adverse effect and the toxicological aspect constituting a limit to its use in conventional medicine, was also treated.
The RNA Polymerase (cid:2) Subunit from Sinorhizobium meliloti Can Assemble with RNA Polymerase Subunits from Escherichia coli and Function in Basal and Activated Transcription both In Vivo and In Vitro

Sinorhizobium meliloti , a gram-negative soil bacterium, forms a nitrogen-ﬁxing symbiotic relationship with members of the legume family. To facilitate our studies of transcription in S. meliloti , we cloned and characterized the gene for the (cid:1) subunit of RNA polymerase (RNAP). S. meliloti rpoA encodes a 336-amino-acid, 37-kDa protein. Sequence analysis of the region surrounding rpoA identiﬁed six open reading frames that are found in the conserved gene order secY (SecY)- adk (Adk)- rpsM (S13)- rpsK (S11)- rpoA ( (cid:1) )- rplQ (L17) found in the (cid:1) -proteobacteria. In vivo, S . meliloti rpoA expressed in Escherichia coli complemented a temperature sensitive mutation in E. coli rpoA , demonstrating that S. meliloti (cid:1) supports RNAP assembly, sequence-speciﬁc DNA binding, and interaction with transcriptional activators in the context of E. coli. In vitro, we reconstituted RNAP holoenzyme from S. meliloti (cid:1) and E. coli (cid:2) , (cid:2) (cid:1) , and (cid:3) subunits. Similar to E. coli RNAP, the hybrid RNAP supported transcription from an E. coli core promoter and responded to both upstream (UP) element-and Fis-dependent transcription activation. We obtained similar results using puriﬁed RNAP from S. meliloti . Our results demonstrate that S. meliloti (cid:1) functions are conserved in heterologous host E. coli even though the two (cid:1) subunits are only 51% identical. The ability to utilize E. coli as a heterologous system in which to study the regulation of S. meliloti genes could provide an important tool for our understanding and manipulation of these processes. CTD. These results demonstrate that S. meliloti (cid:2) is competent for assembly with E. coli (cid:3) , (cid:3)(cid:4) , and (cid:5) 70 ; for UP element recognition; and for recognition by a transcription factor. We showed above that S. meliloti (cid:2) complements E. coli (cid:2) in vivo. Our results with the hybrid enzymes, formed in vitro in the absence of E. coli (cid:2) , support the conclusion that complementation in vivo resulted from the function of S. meliloti (cid:2)
New Claims about Executions and General Deterrence: Deja Vu All Over Again?

A number of papers have recently appeared claiming to show that in the United States executions deter serious crime. There are many statistical problems with the data analyses reported. This paper addresses the problem of “influence,” which occurs when a very small and atypical fraction of the data dominate the statistical results. The number of executions by state and year is the key explanatory variable, and most states in most years execute no one. A very few states in particular years execute more than 5 individuals. Such values represent about 1% of the available observations. Re-analyses of the existing data are presented showing that claims of deterrence are a statistical artifact of this anomalous 1%.
The magnetic field of the Milky Way

Since i ts d i s c o v e ry 40 years ago as a confiner of cosmic rays and an a l i g n er of i n t e r s t e l l ar dust g r a i n s, the G a l a c t ic magnetic f i e ld has been studied through emission and p o l a r i z a t i on of synchrotron a d i at i o n, Faraday r o t a t i o n, Zeeman s p l i t t i n g, and e f f e c ts on gas flows and morphology. The l o c al f i e ld has a coherent, few microgauss, component roughly along the l o c al s p i r al arm and a comparable chaotic component. F i e ld d i r e c t i on in the plane is reversed one or more times both i n s i de and outside the s o l ar c i r c l e. Loops and spurs extend outside the plane and may merge with a general d i p o l e, which is most conspicuous near the G a l a c t ic center. There may be a separate thick d i sc magneto-ionic component. Comparison with other g a l a x i e s, e s p e c i a l ly grand design v s. f l o c c u l e nt s p i r a ls should e v e n t u a l ly prove f r u i t f u l. Parameters are not currently w e ll enough known to rule out d i p o le or primordial o r i g i n.
The saliva microbiome of Pan and Homo The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

Background: It is increasingly recognized that the bacteria that live in and on the human body (the microbiome) can play an important role in health and disease. The composition of the microbiome is potentially influenced by both internal factors (such as phylogeny and host physiology) and external factors (such as diet and local environment), and interspecific comparisons can aid in understanding the importance of these factors. Results: To gain insights into the relative importance of these factors on saliva microbiome diversity, we here analyze the saliva microbiomes of chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) from two sanctuaries in Africa, and from human workers at each sanctuary. The saliva microbiomes of the two Pan species are more similar to one another, and the saliva microbiomes of the two human groups are more similar to one another, than are the saliva microbiomes of human workers and apes from the same sanctuary. We also looked for the existence of a core microbiome and find no evidence for a taxon-based core saliva microbiome for Homo or Pan . In addition, we studied the saliva microbiome from apes from the Leipzig Zoo, and found an extraordinary diversity in the zoo ape saliva microbiomes that is not found in the saliva microbiomes of the sanctuary animals. Conclusions: The greater similarity of the saliva microbiomes of the two Pan species to one another, and of the two human groups to one another, are in accordance with both the phylogenetic relationships of the hosts as well as with host physiology. Moreover, the results from the zoo animals suggest that novel environments can have a large impact on the microbiome, and that microbiome analyses based on captive animals should be viewed with caution as they may not reflect the microbiome of animals in the wild.
PROMOTING HEALTHY BEHAVIORS IN PRESCHOOLERS

Objective: To analyze the perception of education professionals regarding self-care behaviors displayed by preschoolers from the implementation of an education extension project as well as understand their difficulties in teaching self-care measures, assess their satisfaction with working conditions and the implementation of the education extension project. Methods: This is a descriptive, qualitative cross-sectional study conducted from September to December 2009 at the day care center “Children’s House” in Petrolina, PE. A semi-structured interview was performed with eight professionals of the day care center. Data were analyzed using content analysis with emerging themes that were interpreted based on the literature concerning the theme. Results: Respondents highlighted the change in children’s behavior relating to nutrition, oral and body hygiene; however, professionals lack skills and competencies to develop such actions. Conclusion: The respondents highlighted the change in children’s behavior regarding self-care measures, evidencing their satisfaction; however, it was verified that they lack skills and competencies. destacaron cambios de conductas de los niños para la alimentación, higiene corporal y de la boca, sin embargo, se constató la falta de habilidades y competencias de esos profesionales para desarrollar esas acciones. Conclusión: Los profesionales destacaron el cambio de conductas para las medidas de auto cuidado de parte de los niños quedándose evidente su satisfacción, sin embargo, se verificó su falta de habilidades y competencias. la Salud; Educación
Islamic Banking and Finance The Impact of the Awareness, Understanding and Usage of Islamic Banking Products and Services on Customer Satisfaction with Islamic Banking in Pakistan

Pakistan’s Islamic banking sector is growing rapidly despite the fact that it is going through a challenging phase of progress due to intense competition with the conventional banking sector. Keeping in view the growth of Islamic banking, the aim of this research is to investigate the influence of the level of awareness, understanding, and usage of the Islamic banking products and services on the satisfaction level of Islamic bank account holders. The research population comprised the customers of the full-fledged Islamic banks of Pakistan. Using the purposive sampling technique, 400 questionnaires were distributed among the customers. The response rate was 94%. Bootstrapping technique was used to analyze the data. The calculated results revealed that awareness and understanding have a significant positive influence on the satisfaction level of the customers. However, the usage of Islamic banking by account holders has no impact on their satisfaction level probably due to the provision of less innovative products and services as compared to conventional banks. Theoretically, the current research adds to the literature regarding the aforementioned aspects and relates them with customer satisfaction. It simultaneously draws attention to the variables essential for the progress of the Islamic banking system of Pakistan. The results also yield valuable information and guidelines for Islamic banks to formulate innovative strategies of product development and promotional policies to retain the existing customers and attract the potential ones. The current study broadens the scope of the literature available about Islamic banking; however, it does not consider the scenario of the conventional banking sector.
Mimicking the in vivo microenvironment in a cell culture dish

The in vivo microenvironment plays a major role in the regulation of cell homeostasis and function. This microenvironment is extremely complex which makes it difficult to mim ic in vitro. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyacrylamide are currently used as cell compatible substrates with tunable stiffness capabilities. We assessed differences in differ entiation efficiency of human embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CM) on PDMS with stiffness resembling the native tissue in combination with different extracellu lar matrix proteins. Furthermore, we combined the tunable substrates with µcontact-print-ing technique to pattern cardiomyocytes into a more physiological relevant shape and de veloped it to a high throughput system. This combination was further used to assess the contraction force output of single hESC and human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CM) and its response to adrenergic stimuli. In this study we show that in vivo stiffness and cellular patterning can be mimicked in vitro and used to measure contractile output of single hPSC-CM.
Autophagy in Multidrug-Resistant Cancers Autophagy in Multidrug-Resistant Cancers

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancers is the major challenge in cancer therapy, thus the development of sensitizing agents or small molecules with new mechanisms of action to kill the resistant cancers is highly desired. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for the turnover of misfolded proteins or damaged organelles and recycling of nutrients to maintain cellular homeostasis. Recently, autophagy has been shown to regulate MDR in cancers. In this chapter, both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance affecting the efficiency of chemotherapy, and the MDR mechanisms including nonclassical MDR phenotype and classical transport-based MDR phenotype were discussed. In addition, the development of apoptosis-resistant cancer by the deregula- tion of apoptotic gene machinery, such as BCL-2, BAX, BAK, and TRAILR, was also covered. We then further discussed the controversial role of autophagy by illustrating how induction of autophagy could work as a tumor suppressor or promote tumor survival. The modulation of MDR in cancer by either induction or inhibition of autophagy was also discussed. We have further summarized the current compounds or drugs for modulating MDR cancers and how autophagy modulators could circumvent the MDR phenotypes in cancers. Finally, the new mechanisms participating in MDR phenotypes were proposed for future MDR drugs discovery. apoptosis or induction of autophagy can also decrease drug-induced damage of DNA and cell death. All these mechanisms limit the effective‐ ness of chemotherapies via inhibition of specific enzymes or receptors in cells, leading to MDR in cancer cells.
Hypoxia-induced neutrophil survival is mediated by HIF-1 (cid:1) –dependent NF- (cid:2) B activity

Neutrophils are key effector cells of the innate immune response and are required to migrate and function within adverse microenvironmental conditions. These inflammatory sites are characterized by low levels of oxygen and glucose and high levels of reductive metabolites. A major regulator of neutrophil functional longevity is the ability of these cells to undergo apoptosis. We examined the mechanism by which hypoxia causes an inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis in human and murine neutrophils. We show that neutrophils possess the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 (cid:1) and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) hydroxylase oxygen-sensing pathway and using HIF-1 (cid:1) –deficient myeloid cells demonstrate that HIF-1 (cid:1) is directly involved in regulating neutrophil survival in hypoxia. Gene array, TaqMan PCR, Western blotting, and oligonucleotide binding assays identify NF- (cid:2) B as a novel hypoxia-regulated and HIF-dependent target, with inhibition of NF- (cid:2) B by gliotoxin or parthenolide resulting in the abrogation of hypoxic survival. In addition, we identify macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (cid:3) as a novel hypoxia-induced neutrophil survival factor. wortmannin or the survival cytokine GM-CSF, and apoptosis was assessed morphologically. Results represent with MIP-1 , g/ml of total IgG, 1:250 (wt/vol) trypsin, or 1:250 (wt/vol) soya bean trypsin inhibitor in normoxic (19 kPa), hypoxic (3 kPa) or anoxic (0 kPa) environments. Normoxia was controlled by using a humidified 5% CO 2 /air incubator, and hypoxia, by pregasing Dulbecco’s medium for 30 min in a sealed hypoxic work station with 5% CO 2 /balance N 2 gas mix and subse- quent culture in a humidified hypoxic (CO 2 /N 2 ) incubator. Anoxia was maintained with a MACS500 Don Whitley catalyst–dependent anaerobic incubator using 5% CO 2 /10% H 2 /balance N 2 gas mix. Supernatants were heat inactivated by warming to 56 (cid:8) C for 45 min. Trypsin inactivation was performed with a 2-h incubation with trypsin that was followed by the addition of an equimolar amount of soya bean trypsin inhibitor. All other inhibitor experiments were performed with a 30-min preincubation step. deletions of HIF-1 were created via into a lysozyme (lysMcre) in an approximate HIF-1 (cid:1) deletion in 2 asphyxia and marrow-derived neutrophils and cre wild-type using discontinuous 82, 62, and 51% HBSS-Percoll gradients. purity, assessed using air-dried cytospins, routinely
PERIODONTITIS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: APPLYING BRADFORD HILLS CRITERIA OF ASSOCIATION

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a clinical condition occurs as a result of development of disease-related autoantibodies and joint symptoms and signs, which may be considered nonspecific or unclassified for RA. This condition includes the interaction between many genetic and environmental risk factors. Recently there are emerging evidences that periodontitis is potential risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis. But it is difficult to assign any particular condition as a risk factor for RA particularly for periodontitis due to its bidirectional nature of relationship. For that we have Bradford Hill nine criteria have to help determine if observed epidemiologic associations are causal. Here we are exploring the periodontitis as a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis based on these hill’s criteria’s. Identifying and modifying risk factors such as periodontitis will be useful in preventing RA in susceptible population.