Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Anthropometric Indices in Patients with Phenylketonuria

Objectives Dietary phenylalanine restriction is the main treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU, OMIM 261600). There are a number of studies which have demonstrated growth retardation in these patients, and some are in contrast. This study was performed to assess the growth parameters of treated PKU patients. Materials & Methods This cross-sectional study was performed between 2015 and 2017 to compare growth indices in PKU patients in our clinics with normal age and sex matched controls. Weight, height, head circumference (HC), weight for height and BMI (weight/height2) were measured and converted into Z-scores. We assessed differences between patients and controls’ anthropometric indexes in all patients and separately in patients who were diagnosed by newborn screening program and patients who were diagnosed after presentation of clinical manifestations in comparison with age and sex-matched controls. Also, this difference was assessed separately in patients aged two years and less. Correlations between pretreatment plasma phenylalanine concentrations mean plasma phenylalanine concentrations and anthropometric parameters were analyzed in the patients. Results Overall, 209 under-treatment PKU patients (103 males, 106 females; mean age 9.29 ± 8.7 years) and 216 controls (109 males and 107 females; mean age 8.98 ± 8.62 years) matched in terms of age, sex and birth weight were enrolled in this study. In general, 130 patients were diagnosed by newborn screening and 79 were diagnosed when they became symptomatic before the screening program. A significant difference (p=0.000) was found only in HC z-score and weight for height z-score in comparison with the control group, when we assessed all patients. We did not find any significant differences in any of the anthropometric indexes between cases and controls who were aged 2 years old and less. Head circumference SDS and weight for height SDS were significantly different when patients and controls who were more than 2 years old were compared. Mean HC was significantly lower in patients, while BMI SDS, weight SDS, and weight for height SDS were significantly higher in PKU patients in comparison with the control group when patients who were diagnosed in newborn screening were assessed. Head circumference SDS, BMI, height SDS and difference between patients’ height SDS and mid parental height SDS had significantly lower mean scores in comparison with those of the control group, while mean weight SDS was significantly higher compared to controls when patients who were diagnosed after clinical presentation were assessed. Mean phenylalanine was not correlated with anthropometric indices, while there was a correlation between pretreatment phenylalanine and HC. Conclusion: Disparities in anthropometric indexes changes observed in different studies may be due to diverse diet protocols, availability of various specific products and micronutrient substitutes.
Could knee joint mechanics during the golf swing be contributing to chronic knee injuries in professional golfers?

ABSTRACT Full three-dimensional movements and external moments in golfers’ knees and the possible involvement in injuries have not been evaluated using motion capture at high sample frequencies. This study measured joint angles and external moments around the three anatomical axes in both knees of 10 professional golfers performing golf drives whilst standing on two force plates in a motion capture laboratory. Significant differences were found in the knee joint moments between the lead and trail limbs for the peak values and throughout all stages during the swing phase. A significantly higher net abduction moment impulse was seen in the trail limb compared with the lead limb (−0.518 vs. −0.135 Nms.kg−1), indicating greater loading over the whole swing, which could contribute to knee lateral compartment or anterior cruciate ligament injuries. A significant correlation (r = −0.85) between clubhead speed at ball contact and maximum joint moment was found, with the largest correlations being found for joint moments at the top of the backswing event and at the end of the follow-through. Therefore, although knee moments can contribute to high clubhead speeds, the large moments and impulses suggest that they may also contribute to chronic knee injuries or exacerbate existing conditions.
Atropine Differentially Modulates ECM Production by Ocular Fibroblasts, and Its Ocular Surface Toxicity Is Blunted by Colostrum

Background: The etiology and the mechanism behind atropine treatment of progressive myopia are still poorly understood. Our study addressed the role of scleral and choroidal fibroblasts in myopia development and atropine function. Methods: Fibroblasts treated in vitro with atropine or 7-methylxanthine were tested for ECM production by Western blotting. Corneal epithelial cells were treated with atropine in the presence or absence of colostrum or fucosyl-lactose, and cell survival was evaluated by the MTT metabolic test. Results: Atropine and 7-methyl-xanthine stimulated collagen I and fibronectin production in scleral fibroblasts, while they inhibited their production in choroidal fibroblasts. Four days of treatment with atropine of corneal epithelial cells significantly decreased cell viability, which could be prevented by the presence of colostrum or fucosyl-lactose. Conclusions: Our results show that atropine may function in different ways in different eye districts, strengthening the scleral ECM and increasing permeability in the choroid. The finding that colostrum or fucosyl-lactose attenuate the corneal epithelial toxicity after long-term atropine treatment suggests the possibility that both compounds can efficiently blunt its toxicity in children subjected to chronic atropine treatment.
Prevalence of Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)in Jeddah

Objective: To study the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of all adult patients scanned by Doppler ultrasound in the Department of Vascular Imaging (DVI) at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah for patients who suspected to have DVT over a period of three years. Methods: Retrospective study which included all the suspected cases of DVT visited KAUH during the period between January 2013 to December 2015. Results: 1201 patients of patients were diagnosed to have DVT with mean age of54.8±19.8 years. There were 708 females and 493males. Doppler ultrasound detected 186 (15.7%) DVT. 76.2% was found symptomatic such as pain, swelling and edema. Elderly has been found to be the most common risk factor 425 (27.09%). Conclusion: A high incidence of DVT in Jeddah 15.7 % and females were affected more than males.
Prenatal Medication Use And Autistic Behaviors In A South Korean Cohort

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, yet a specific cause remains unknown. In this study, exposure and outcome data from a South Korean cohort (N=3,711) were analyzed to investigate the possibility of an environmental contribution to autism etiology. No significant association was observed between use of prenatal medications and autistic behaviors, as measured by Korean versions of both the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ; OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.95–1.51) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.78–1.25). Similarly, no significant associations were observed when use of prenatal vitamins, folic acid, or iron supplements was examined. There was also no dose-response relationship observed between number of medications taken during pregnancy and increased autistic behaviors. No evidence for a role of prenatal medication use in autism etiology is suggested by the data in this study. Future investigations focusing on specific subgroups of medications in this population are warranted.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Traumatic Brain Injury: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are among the leading causes of death and chronic disability worldwide. TBI is a complex process encompassing primary injury to the brain tissue and cerebral vasculature induced by the initial impact, secondary injury, including cascade of subsequent neuroinflammatory processes, and regenerative responses with enhanced neurogenesis and angiogenesis. To date, there remains no approved pharmacological therapy that is able to prevent the secondary injury. Therefore, the development of safe and efficacious neuroprotective treatments currently represents the greatest unmet need in the management of TBI. Increasing number of experimental and clinical studies present convincing evidence that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), as an adjunctive therapy, may be the suitable neurotherapeutic method for improving neurological outcome after TBI. Irrespective to treatment protocol HBOT appeared to alleviate the detrimental and neurotoxic effects of pathological sequel initiated by TBI and to stimulate endogenous reparative mechanisms. However, the exact mechanisms by which HBOT exerts its beneficial effects on recovery after brain injury are still deficient. In this review we will summarize up to date results of HBOT in experimental and clinical TBI and try to put more light on cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of HBOT on functional recovery after brain injury.
Productivity, quality and soil fertility of sugarcane (Saccharum spp complex hybrid) plant and ratoon grown under organic and conventional farming system

It may be concluded that the application of 75% NPK through inorganics + 25% N through organic manures (PMC) + biofertilizers (Azotobactor + PSB) + biopesticide (neem cake) in sugarcane plant and 75% NPK through inorganics + 25% N through organic manures (PMC) + biofertilizers (Azotobactor + PSB) + trash mulching and green manuring with greengram inoculated with Rhizobium in alternate rows + biopesticide (neem cake ) in ratoon were found suitable practice for sustaining sugarcane productivity, maintaining soil fertility and getting higher monetary returns in sugarcane plant and ratoon system in calcareous soil of Bihar.
Awareness and attitude of Saudi parents towards pulp therapy of the primary teeth: survey based study

Background: Some parents believe that it’s not worth to treat and spend money on this tooth because they will shed after all. Many of them are not aware that primary dentition should be maintained in the dental arch in a healthy state for the overall health of the child.Methods: The survey included questions related to demographics, such as gender and educational level. Further investigative questions included the need of pulp therapy in primary teeth, knowledge about pulp treatment, importance of pulp treatment, number of dental visits, reason of dental visit, filling of carious tooth and preference of pulp therapy.Results: The total number of questionnaires filled by participants was n=736. Out of which, 104 (14%) were males and 632 (86%) females. As far as the educational levels were concerned, 81 (11%) had completed primary school, 110 (15%) had completed high school and 545 (74%) were graduates from university.Conclusions: Overall there was no statistically significant difference between the subgroups of gender and educational level.
Issues of Implied Trust in Ethical Hacking

This paper discusses the issues of implied trust in ethical hacking. Unlike many other long-established professions, such as lawyers, doctors, and accountants; ethical hacking is a relatively new profession. As a result, this profession does not currently have a uniformed or mandated code, nor does it require any form of licensing. Because ethical hackers could gain access to highly sensitive and confidential information and there is potential for misuse of such information, the need to ensure professionalism is maintained through ensuring competence and ethical behavior is critical.
Newborn Sickle Cell Disease Screening Using Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry

There is a growing demand for newborn sickle cell disease screening globally. Historically techniques have relied on the separation of intact haemoglobin tetramers using electrophoretic or liquid chromatography techniques. These techniques also identify haemoglobin variants of no clinical significance. Specific electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry techniques to analyse targeted peptides formed after digestion of the haemoglobin with trypsin were reported in 2005. Since this time the method has been further developed and adopted in several European countries. It is estimated that more than one million babies have been screened with no false-negative cases reported. This review reports on the current use of the technique and reviews the related publications.
General Characteristics and Quality of Stroke-Related Online Information – A Cross-Sectional Assessment of the Romanian and Hungarian Websites

Abstract Background: The quality of online health-related information may affect users’ understanding and medical decision-making with dramatic impact, particularly in case of stroke. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the quality of information about stroke on the Romanian and Hungarian websites in terms of completeness and accuracy. Methods: The research was designed as an observational cross-sectional study. The sample included 25 Romanian and 25 Hungarian websites presenting information about stroke for the general public. General characteristics such as website ownership, main goal, website genre and medical approach were identified by the evaluators using a predetermined set of common instructions. The completeness and accuracy of the information were assessed by two independent assessors against a quality benchmark. Results: Overall, most of the websites were owned by private commercial companies (42%), had educational goal (66%), were designed as medical web-portals (46%) and had a conventional medicine approach (72%). Mean completeness score was 5.6 points (SD± 1.9) for Romanian sites and 4.1 points (SD ± 2.4) for Hungarian sites (p = 0.017). Mean accuracy score was 6.2 points (SD ± 1.1) for Romanian sites and 7.0 points (SD ± 0.7) for Hungarian sites (p = 0.02). Conclusions: The information about stroke on the Romanian and Hungarian websites had poor quality. Although we found statistically significant differences between the quality scores of the two language sub-samples and two site characteristics associated with significantly higher quality, the practical relevance of these findings for online health information seekers should be interpreted with caution.
Outcomes of patients with large B‐cell lymphomas and progressive disease following CD19‐specific CAR T‐cell therapy

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Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Dovepress

php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy 2018:11 439–446 Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Dovepress
Computed Tomography for Staging in Head and Neck and Oral Cancer How accurate are we? Are we underestimating our clinical target volume?

Aim: To compare radiological [Computed Tomography (CT)] tumour and nodal dimensions in head and neck and oral cancer with post-operative pathological status and explore the ramifications associated with disparity. Materials and Methods: This prospective analytical study was conducted on a cohort of 90 patients with operable oral and head and neck cancer. Forty patients with head and neck cancer and 50 oral cancer patients were radiologically evaluated pre-operatively and assigned a clinical tumour, node and metastasis (TNM) staging, which was subsequently compared with the corresponding pathological TNM components. Results: A significant comparative disparity was seen in 38 [42%] patients with relation to T category. Pathologically larger tumour dimensions were evidenced in both categories. Sixteen oral cancer patients and 16 patients with head and neck cancer had greater than 30% increase in tumour dimensions in the post-operative pathological staging. This did achieve statistical significance [p= 0.00]. The specificity of CT scan in defining low-risk nodal volumes [cNo Neck] was 76% for oral cancers and 53.8% in head and neck cancer subjects. The rate of false positives for both categories was fairly high, i.e., 48% and 37.9%, respectively. Conclusion: By theoretically extrapolating the inferences of this study to situations where radiotherapy would be the primary treatment, our findings would draw caution towards considering overtly conservative/uniform clinical tumour dimensions and estimating intermediate nodal target volumes at risk solely on the basis of CT-based evaluation.
PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE

Introduction As lifestyles have increasingly become westernized in China, public health strategies have increasingly focused on cancer prevention. The objective of this study was to describe trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality and the age, period, and cohort effects of CRC mortality in urban and rural China from 2000 to 2015. Methods We collected CRC mortality data from the China Health Statistics Yearbook. We used joinpoint regression analysis to estimate the slope of mortality trends. We then used the age-period-cohort (APC) model with intrinsic estimator to estimate the age, period, and cohort effects of CRC mortality. Results CRC mortality was higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and the average annual percentage change was also larger in urban areas (4.1%) than in rural areas (3.7%). CRC mortality risk was higher among older adults than among adults aged 20 to 24: the relative risk among adults aged 60 to 64 was 31.09 times higher in urban China and 11.46 times higher in rural China. CRC mortality risk increased with period: compared with period 2000, the relative risk was 1.01 in period 2005, 1.36 in period 2010, and 1.42 in period 2015 in urban China and 1.12 in period 2005, 1.24 in period 2010, and 1.69 in period 2015 in rural China. More recent cohorts had lower CRC mortality risk: compared with the cohort born during 1920–1924, the relative risk of cohort 1950–1954 was 0.70 in urban China and 0.69 in rural China. Conclusion More interventions to reduce the burden of CRC should be conducted, and it is more necessary for older people and urban residents to adopt a healthy lifestyle in China.
A prospective observational study of outcome of conservative management in blunt abdominal trauma

Introduction: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) presently is the third most common form of trauma worldwide. The management of blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is challenging. Management may involve non-operative measures or surgical treatment, as appropriate. Recently there has been increasing trend towards non operative management (NOM) of blunt trauma amounting to 80% of the cases with failure rates of 2-3%. NOM is a standard protocol for hemodynamically stable solid organ injuries. Present research was conducted to study the spectrum, mode of injuries and role of conservative management and its subsequent outcome in cases of BAT. Material & Methods: A hospital based prospective observational comparative study was conducted at Department of Surgery of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 50 cases of blunt abdominal trauma coming to our hospital and fulfilling eligibility criteria were included in the study after taking informed consent. After initial assessment and stabilization of the patient in the emergency ward, the patient was followed in the inpatient ward to assess for clinical improvement. Management decisions i.e. conservative or operative was taken by treating surgeons. All cases managed conservatively were monitored closely for any complications and requirement for conversion to operative treatment was noted. Data was analyzed using statistical software SPSS ver. 21.Results: Mean age of the study subjects was 32.62 years with 94% males. Most common mode of Injury was road traffic accident (80%) followed by fall from height (20%). Most common site of injury in blunt abdominal trauma cases was spleen (34%) followed by liver (26%). Conservative management was tried initially in 47 (94%) cases. A total of 7 patients out of 47 (14.9%) were converted from conservative to operative management after initial investigations. During the course of hospital stay, 4 out of 40 (10%) cases were converted to operative management. Mortality rate observed in the cases of abdominal blunt trauma in present study was 16%. A solitary patient expired on conservative management, giving failure rate in conservatively managed cases as 2.8%. Conclusion:Our study proves that non operative management is a safe and effective method in the treatment of blunt injury abdomen. Close monitoring of vital signs and repeated clinical examinations is important as management by conservative management depends on clinical and hemodynamic stability of the patient.
Effects of live yeast on the rumen fermentation parameters and milk performance of Simmental dairy cows during the hot season

The effects of dietary supplementation with live yeast culture LY on the milk performance and rumen fermentation parameters of Simmental cows in the middle of lactation were examined under hot season conditions in 2019. The 28 cows, which were divided into two experimental groups of 14, were fed a controlled diet, with or without the addition of 5 g of LY per cow daily. The mean dry matter intake DMI and yield of milk in the LY group were greater by 0.25 kg/day and 0.42 kg/day, respectively, than for the control group. The yields of milk components and 4% fat corrected milk were also significantly greater in the LY group than in the control group, but LY supplementation did not significantly alter milk composition percentages. The acetate concentration in the rumen tended to be higher in cows fed LY but the ruminal pH, NH3 -N, propionate and butyrate levels, and acetate/propionate ratio were similar in the two groups. It can be concluded that LY supplementation of the diet of Simmental dairy cows during the hot season improved milk production and ruminal fermentation performance to a limited degree.