Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the phenomenon of hope in adult illiterate Haitians

Snyder's hope theory depicts hope, through the frame of positive psychology, as a cognitive construct with the perceived sense of goal-directed, pathways, and agency thinking (Snyder et al., 1991). Hope levels have been measured in various countries; however, no research to date focused on Haitians. This study, conducted in Petit-Goâve, Haiti, addressed this gap by investigating hope, pathway, and agency levels derived from 135 Haitian-Kreyol adult literacy course participants. This manuscript reports scores of illiterate Haitians' hope levels utilizing Snyder's Adult Hope Dispositional Scale; the scores are explained by Snyder's hope theory taking Haitian cultural and social landscapes into account. Despite the challenging environment and illiterate conditions, Haitian participants reported just below average hope levels, average pathway levels, and low agency levels. These findings suggested this population garnered hope in their everyday lives, despite difficult obstacles.
Design and evaluation of microbubble-based cleaning process of membranes fouled by oily wastewater

As an alternative for the conventional clean-in-place (CIP) process for microfiltration membranes, a novel cleaning technology based on microbubbles has been recently available. Microbubbles are known for their ability to generate pressure waves through shrinking and subsequent self-collapsing phenomenon which causes foulant removal. In addition, they have hydrophobic surfaces which have the potential to attract organic substances like oil. In the present study, the effectiveness of microbubbles in palm oil foulant removal from the membranes in the first two stages of the CIP cleaning process was investigated and compared with the conventional process, which uses water and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as cleaning agents. Vinylidene Polyfluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membranes of 0.1 μm pore size were fouled with an oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) made of palm oil. The emulsion was recirculated by a laboratory scale filtration system at 7 L/min and 155 kPa of transmembrane pressure (TMP). A 75% flux recovery was observed after the application of microbubbles in the first two steps of the CIP process compared to the 22% flux recovery obtained with the control without microbubbles. The use of microbubbles for membrane cleaning purposes proved to restore the membrane flux to a better performance level. The results of this study suggest that the use of microbubbles is more efficient in foulant detachment compared to the conventional cleaning process.
Quantifying the Limits

Background CART-cells have demonstrated clinical success for the treatment of multiple lymphomas and leukaemias, but not for various solid tumours, despite promising data from murine models. Lower effective CART-cell delivery rates to human solid tumours compared to haematological malignancies in humans and solid tumours in mice might partially explain these divergent outcomes. Methods We used anatomical and physiological data for human and rodent circulatory systems to calculate the typical perfusion of healthy and tumour tissues, and estimated the upper limits of immune cell delivery rates across different organs, tumour types and species. Results Estimated maximum delivery rates were up to 10,000-fold greater in mice than humans yet reported CART-cell doses are typically only 10-100-fold lower in mice, suggesting that the effective delivery rates of CARTcells into tumours in clinical trials are far lower than in corresponding mouse models. Estimated delivery rates were found to be consistent with published PET data. Conclusions Results suggest that higher effective human doses may be needed to drive efficacy comparable to mouse solid tumour models, and that lower doses should be tested in mice. We posit that quantitation of species and organ-specific delivery and homing of engineered T-cells will be key to unlocking their potential for solid tumours.
License Plate Character Recognition Based on Convolutional Neural Network LeNet-5

The application of convolutional neural network LeNet-5 was proposed in license plate character recognition. To fit with the Chinese license plate character recognition problem, the traditional LeNet-5 was modified. The unit number of output layer was changed and the feature map number of C5 layer was added. Experimental results show that the recognition rate of modified LeNet-5 reaches 98.68% and is better than that of LeNet-5. The results are also compared with the BP neural network, which indicates that the modified LeNet-5 is superior in both recognition rate and speed. This method has a great potential for license plate recognition.
Self-Supervised Anomaly Detection via Neural Autoregressive Flows with Active Learning

Many self-supervised methods have been proposed with the target of image anomaly detection. These methods often rely on the paradigm of data augmentation with predeﬁned transformations such as ﬂipping, cropping, and rotations. However, it is not straightforward to apply these techniques for non-image data, such as time series or tabular data, while the performance of the existing deep approaches has been under our expectation on tasks beyond images. In this work, we propose a novel active learning (AL) scheme that relied on neural autoregressive ﬂows (NAF) for self-supervised anomaly detection, speciﬁcally on small-scale data. Unlike other generative models such as GANs or VAEs, ﬂow-based models allow to explicitly learn the probability density and thus can assign accurate likelihoods to normal data which makes it usable to detect anomalies. The proposed NAF-AL method is achieved by efﬁciently generating random samples from latent space and transforming them into feature space along with likelihoods via invertible mapping. The samples with lower likelihoods are selected and further checked by outlier detection using Mahalanobis distance. The augmented samples incorporating with normal samples are used for training a better detector so as to approach decision boundaries. Compared with random transformations, NAF-AL can be interpreted as a likelihood-oriented data augmentation that is more efﬁcient and robust. Extensive experiments show that our approach outperforms existing baselines on multiple time series and tabular datasets, and a real-world application in advanced manufacturing, with signiﬁcant improvement on anomaly detection accuracy and robustness over the state-of-the-art.
Production and Evaluation of Dried Banana Powder at Different Maturity Stages

Production and development of Cavendish banana fruits powder at different stages of maturity was evaluated in this study in this study. Fruits were collected from the local market, Khartoum north–Sudan during 2010. Banana fruits were treated with lemon juice of 2.5% (total soluble solid) concentration prior to drying. Triplicates trials for each stage has been processed. The fruit components, overall dry ratio, dry ratio and peeling loss, were estimated. Physiochemical properties of the different banana maturity stages and the produced powder such as moisture content, ash content, fibre, protein, total sugar, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, titrable acidity, total soluble solid (T.S.S) were determined. It was found that banana pulps of different maturity stages retained their quality although, the contents of the mentioned constituents were found to be lesser in the produced powder. Reconstitution characteristics of the processed powder such as wettability, sinkability, flowability, bulk density and solubility rate were also determined. Ripe banana powder have the lowest bulk density (0.70) than the half ripe (0.90) and un ripe (1.05), the full ripe powder have the best flowability (39o) than the half ripe (45o) and un ripe powder (45o). The results of microbial tests of the banana powder revealed that samples are acceptable, hence the powder have an excellent quality attributes which cope with using it as a food supplement.
Study of the Drought Tolerance of Certain of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Genotypes Growing under Semi-arid Conditions in Algeria

Climate changes recorded changes in the composition and geographic redistribution of ecosystems in Algeria. This situation has resulted in a shift towards the north of the arid zones, until then confined between the Sahara and the high cereal plains (Haffaf et al., 2003). Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is one of the most cultivated cereals in the Mediterranean basin, where drought is a limiting factor for its production (Royo et al., 1998). It is mostly grown under rainfed conditions, where drought and heat stress usually constrain yield potential during the grain filling period (Simane et al., 1993). Drought tolerance is the ability to which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid or drought conditions (Ashraf, 2010). The terms ‘Drought’ and ‘Water Deficit’ are badly used between them, the term ‘drought’ should be used much more to describe environmental or agronomic situations, on the other hand that the term ‘water deficit’ is the preferred Art ic le History RECEIVED on 02nd December 2020 RECEIVED in revised form 26th February 2021 ACCEPTED in final form 23rd April 2021 Durum wheat, drought, drought tolerance indices, semiarid, Algeria
Regression trees and random forests as alternatives to classical regression modeling: Investigating the risk factors for corporal punishment

Examining the behavior of individuals is a challenging task due to complex patterns underlying the observable outcome. Even if all predictors contributing to the behavior are known in a particular context, the functional form and potential multi-level interactions between the predictors are difficult to grasp. Any modeling decisions involved in specifying a functional form should withstand comparisons with data-driven techniques. Decision trees and random forests enable data-driven modeling and are valuable tools to overcome limitations of least square regressions and validate existing results. We illustrate the relevant modeling steps required to carry out the two techniques by investigating the complex patterns of aggressiveness, dysfunctional parent-child interactions, and other risk factors for corporal punishment of children by their fathers. We replicate existing results on the corresponding risk factors, interpret the modeling outcomes, and describe the setting of relevant meta parameters in empirical practice.
CEOR_A_341896 35..48

1Evidence Generation, Purple Squirrel Economics, a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Cytel, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA; 2Real World Evidence, Pfizer, New York, NY, USA; 3Global Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Pfizer, New York, NY, USA; 4Value and Access, Purple Squirrel Economics, a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Cytel, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA Background: To date, there has been limited synthesis of RWE studies in high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC). The objective of this research was to conduct a systematic review of published real-world evidence to better understand the real-world burden and treatment patterns in HR-NMIBC. Methods: An SLR was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with the scope defined by the Population, Intervention Comparators, Outcomes, and Study design (PICOS) criteria. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases (Jan 2015–Jul 2020) were searched, and relevant congress abstracts (Jan 2018–Jul 2020) identified. The final analysis only included studies that enrolled ≥100 patients with HR-NMIBC from the US, Europe, Canada, and Australia. Results: The SLR identified 634 RWE publications in NMIBC, of which 160 studies reported data in HR-NMIBC. The average age of patients in the studies was 71 years, and 79% were males. The rates of BCG intravesical instillations ranged from 3% to 86% (29–95% for induction and 8–83% for maintenance treatment). Five-year outcomes were 17–89% recurrence-free survival (longest survival in patients completing BCG maintenance), 58–89% progression-free survival, 71–96% cancer-specific survival (lowest survival in BCG-unresponsive patients), and 28–90% overall survival (lowest survival in patients who did not receive BCG or instillation therapy). Conclusion: BCG treatment rates and survival outcomes in patients with HR-NMIBC vary in the real world, with better survival seen in patients completing maintenance BCG, responding to treatment, and not progressing to muscle-invasive disease. There is a need to better understand the factors associated with BCG use and discontinuation and for an effective treatment that improves outcomes in HR-NMIBC. Generalization of these results is limited by variations in data collection, reporting, and methodologies used across RWE studies.
Effect of Lisinopril (ACE Inhibitor) on Reproductive Function in Female Wistar Rats

This study was designed to investigate the effect of lisinopril on reproductive function in female Wistar rats. Sixteen female rats (120 – 160 g) were used for the estrous cycle and histopathological studies. Lisinopril (0.7 mg/kg) was administered orally on daily basis for 21 and 50 days respectively for the estrous cycle and histological studies. Estrous cycle was carried out using the technique of Marcondes et al., histologies of the ovaries and uteri were also carried out. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and student’s t-test at p=0.05. Treatment of rats for 21 days with lisinopril (0.7 mg/kg) produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in the estrous phase and insignificant (p>0.05) changes in the proestrous, metestrous and diestrous phases of the estrous cycle relative to their respective controls and induced no pathological effects on the ovarian and uterine tissues in the rats. It can therefore be concluded that lisinopril probably have pro-fertility effect without deleterious effect at histological level in female Wistar rats.
Development Of A Sustainable Mechanistic Design Procedure For Flexible Pavements In The Tropics

Mechanistic design approach requires proper fundamental material characterization and material failure criteria as a function of load and environmental conditions. Most of the material characterization models and failure criteria available for the analysis and design of pavement systems were developed for the temperate regions. However, there are limitations in applying these models and criteria outside the developed jurisdiction, especially in the tropical regions. Therefore, a comparative study of these models and criteria is made with a goal to developing the best for tropical regions. Based on correlation with field results collected from several randomly selected pavement sections in the tropical region, the widely used Smith and Witczak material characterization model and Claros and Ijeh failure criteria are selected for further study and incorporated into a design procedure. Modifications of the algorithms of the models selected are made in order to reflect the material properties and variability; cost-effectiveness and to give a better fit to the measured field values. The model and failure criteria are able to accurately define the states of stresses and strains in the pavement structure as well as offer good translation of the mathematical findings into performance behavior. Subsequently, the developed model gives a superior correlation with the field results obtained in the tropics. Additionally the developed design procedure is utilized to obtain important information relative to the influence of all pavement variables upon the probable performance of flexible pavement, thereby aiding in optimization of pavement variables. From this mechanistic design procedure a cost–effective pavement chart reflecting the influence of pavement variables on performance in the tropics is also developed. For a more strategic sustainable pavement system a life-cycle cost analysis framework such as RealCost can be incorporated in the design procedure. The life-cycle cost analysis takes into consideration the constriction cost, the maintenance cost, and the users cost. To ensure sustainability of the pavement throughout its life-cycle apart from incorporating in the users cost, the delay cost, vehicle operating cost, accident cost, the environmental cost (energy use, emissions, waste, noise and water pollution) are also taken into consideration. Key-Words: Flexible pavements; Mechanistic design procedure; Cost-effective; Sustainability; Pavement performance; Strains. 1 Formerly Lecturer Department of Civil Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile—Ife Nigeria 2 Formerly Visiting Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Howard University Washington DC 2005 Recent Advances in Mathematics ISBN: 978-1-61804-158-6 253 .
Collaborative Consumption: Why Young Consumers Engage in Online Fashion Rental and Re-Sale Systems?

Collaborative consumption (CC) represents a range of business models that deviate from the concept of traditional ownership such as renting, lending, reselling, bartering, and swapping of products and services. The rising concern for the environment makes collaborative consumption, an appealing alternative that reduces post-consumer waste among diverse product categories. Fashion systems leveraging the collaborative economy such as renting, reselling have become popular in the recent years. Further, the increasing availability of range of e-commerce platforms that facilitate peer-to-peer transactions has contributed to the boom of the fashion CC market. Despite the growing market significance, academic research on online fashion CC systems is extremely limited. To fill this gap, this study identifies the determinants for engagement in collaborative fashion consumption through online platforms. A framework on the consumer motivations and shopping orientations for engagement in collaborative fashion consumption is developed and tested with a quantitative study using partial least squares path modelling technique.
The effect of cognitive function on the poor’s economic performance: Evidence from Cambodian smallholder farmers

Correspondence SelinaBruns,Department ofAgricultural Economics andRuralDevelopment,University ofGoettingen,Wilhelmsplatz 1, 37073Göttingen,Germany. Email: selina.bruns@uni-goettingen.de Abstract Despite manifold policy interventions, poverty still exists. Those most harshly affected are people living in rural areas of low-income countries. A seminal strand in the literature presents a promising avenue for analyzing the lives of the poor by suggesting that poverty impedes cognitive function. However, the real-world consequences of impeded cognitive function are yet to be discovered. We ask whether the level of cognitive function can help to explain the differences in economic performance of the poor. We conducted a field study in rural Cambodia using the well-established Raven’s Progressive Matrix to elicit cognitive function. Employing stochastic frontier analysis, we find that the level of cognitive function of poor smallholder farmers helps in explaining differences in economic performance. Our findings suggest that impeded cognitive function results in a negative economic performance feedback loop, which can be a reason why some farmers appear to be stuck in poverty while others manage to escape it.
Interaction effect of N fertilizer with foliar application of potassium on the growth , yield and yield attributes of Chinese garlic plant ( Allium sativum L . )

A field experiment was carried out on Chinese garlic (Allium sativum L.) with three replications and nine treatments in the experimental agriculture station of National Research Centre at Nobaria, Egypt to find out the efficacy of different combination of foliar application of potassium fertilizer (K 38%) at (0, 1 and 2 cm/l). with three levels of nitrogen fertilizers (100% N, 75%N+25% bio potassium and 50% N+ 50% bio potassium) in its growth, yield and yield attributes. Results strongly showed that the addition of the highest level of N fertilizers (100%) improved plant growth, fruit yield, physical and chemical characters of garlic plants. In the same respect, the highest level of foliar spry of potassium (2 cm/l) gave significantly the best growth characters, total bulbs yield, physical and chemical quality of garlic bulb. The interaction between foliar application of potassium and N fertilizers levels had no significant effect on all studied characters.
LEADERSHIP STYLES AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG EMPLOYEES

The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among employees in the Malaysian Private Organisations. For the study, 377 questionnaires were delivered to the respondents, but only 118 respondents successfully completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire will be distributed physically to the respondents in the Conglomerate Company by using a Simple Random Sampling. Thus, this study includes an analysis of the main two factors which is Transformational leadership and Transactional leadership. The findings of the study indicate that transformational leadership and transactional leadership were significantly positively related to the job satisfaction. All these two independent variables were found to significantly positively contribute to the prediction of job satisfaction, and this made all the hypothesis formed are accepted. These results are confirmed by past researchers and in the end, have a strong position in this study. However, the results of this study were limited to the numbers of respondents, knowledge and understanding of the respondents while answering the questionnaires. In this regard, this research was aimed at studying the relationship between the leadership styles and job satisfaction, which can benefit all the organisations for by making improvement in their performance through managing its employees relationship in a better way. Moreover, this research provides a clear understanding of different factors that can affect the job satisfaction. By determining the factor that would affect the employees job satisfaction helps the management to understand their employees better and hopefully they are able to use this research as a guideline to retain their employees. Besides, this study also could be referenced for other researcher who is interested to study the job satisfaction in other organisations. Keyword: Job Satisfaction and Transformational Leadership
The effect of tax training and tax understanding on tax compliance

This study aims to examine the effect of tax training on MSME taxpayer compliance in the city of Jambi. Then, this study also examines the effect of tax knowledge on the compliance of MSME taxpayers in Jambi City. This study uses a moderating variable of tax sanctions on the relationship between tax training and tax knowledge on taxpayer compliance. The population and sample in this study used compulsory taxation for MSMEs in Jambi City, with the data collected utilizing a questionnaire. The results of this study show that tax training affects SME taxpayer compliance and tax knowledge also affects the compliance of MSME taxpayers, and tax sanctions can moderate the relationship between tax training and tax knowledge on MSME taxpayer compliance in Jambi City.