Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Adherence to Antihypertensive Drugs in Chinese Patients with Hypertension: A Retrospective Analysis Using the China Health Insurance Association Database

Objective To analyze the adherence to antihypertensive drugs in Chinese patients with hypertension and the factors associated with the drug adherence. Methods The data for this analysis were obtained from the 2014 China Health Insurance Association (CHIRA) database. The study included 64,576 patients aged ≥18 years who were prescribed one of the seven antihypertensive drugs included in the study in their first prescription in 2014 and were observed for ≥180 days. The medicine possession ratio (MPR) was calculated and taken as the measure of treatment adherence. MPR values <0.3, 0.3 to <0.5, 0.5 to <0.8, and ≥0.8 were considered treatment adherence very low, low, intermediate, and high, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to present baseline data and treatment adherence rate. Multiple regression models were used to determine independent factors which can affect the treatment adherence rate. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results Among the study antihypertensive drugs, amlodipine (33.98%), metoprolol (25.04%), and nifedipine (17.15%) were the frequently prescribed drugs. Nifedipine controlled release tablet had the highest MPR (0.61), followed by valsartan (0.53), valsartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination (0.50), indapamide (0.40), and amlodipine (0.39), whereas benazepril (0.27) and metoprolol (0.19) had the lowest MPR. Higher reimbursement ratio, regular tertiary hospitals visits, lower age, and lower daily medical cost positively affected treatment adherence, whereas longer duration of illness and higher daily average cost affected treatment adherence negatively. Conclusion Our study assessed that prescribing more cost-effective, long-acting antihypertensive drugs, and raising the reimbursement ratio were associated with a better treatment adherence in Chinese patients with hypertension.
Prognostic value of CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores for post-discharge outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract The CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were initially developed to assess the risk of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Recently, these two scoring systems have been demonstrated to predict long- and short-term cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in many patient cohorts. However, to the best of our knowledge, their prognostic value has not been fully elucidated in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to investigate the association of CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores with CV outcomes in such patients. We included a total of 915 ACS patients undergoing PCI in this study. CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were calculated from data collected before discharge. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite of major adverse CV events (MACE) including overall death, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and unplanned repeat revascularization. We assessed MACE's relationship to CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores using Cox proportional-hazard regression analyses. Mean follow-up duration was 918 days. MACE occurred in 167 (18.3%) patients. A higher CHADS2 score was associated with reduced event-free survival (EFS) from MACE (logrank test, P = .007) with differences potentiated if stratified by CHA2DS2-VASc score (logrank test, P < .001). Univariate analysis showed that both CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were good predictors of MACE. In the multivariate Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis, CHA2DS2-VASc score (hazard ratio [HR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.27; P = .007) remained a useful predictor of MACE; however, CHADS2 score was no longer associated with increased risk of MACE. C-statistics for CHA2DS2-VASc score, GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) hospital discharge risk score (GRACE Score) and SYNTAX (Synergy between PCI with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery) Score II (SS II) in predicting MACE were 0.614, 0.598, and 0.609, respectively. CHA2DS2-VASc score was an independent and significant predictor of MACE in ACS patients undergoing PCI, and its discriminatory performance was not inferior to those of GRACE Score and SS II.
Practices of Infection Control Among Dental Care Providers: A Cross Sectional Study

Background A wide range of microorganisms poses a threat to patients and dental care teams. Implementation of safety guidelines is thus essential to prevent infection in dental clinics. Aim To investigate the level of infection-control practices among dental health-care providers in Jordan. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to dental care providers from hospitals, academic institutions, and dental centres. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic variables, professional characteristics, and recommended guidelines of infection control. Results A total of 190 questionnaires were obtained out of 500 distributed questionnnaires (response rate: 38%). Females accounted for 62.6% of the sample and 64.7% were dentists. The majority was vaccinated against hepatitis B (82.1%) and wash their hands as usual behavior before (66.3%) and after (83.2%) treatment. Approximately 87.9% wear gloves and 78.9% wear masks while performing dental procedures. Autoclave sterilization and puncture-resistant containers for sharp instruments were used by 90.5% and 88.4%, respectively. The majority (81.0%) had protocols for emergency treatment of needle stick or other sharps accidents. High volume evacuation was used in 28.6% of public hospitals compared to 19.4% in academic institutions (P<0.01). In addition, surface barriers for dental unit surfaces were used by 70.2% of private dental clinics, 50% of public hospitals, and 36.1% of academic institutions (P<0.001). Finally, compared to dentists, dental support staff showed low compliance with infection-control guidelines. Conclusion The overall practice of infection-control measures among the participants is very good. Educational programs and training strategies should be implemented to maximize and enhance the compliance of the dental care providers with infection-control guidelines.
Impact of Acute Eccentric versus Concentric Running on Exercise-Induced Fat Oxidation and Postexercise Physical Activity in Untrained Men

Introduction This study aimed at comparing the rate of exercise-induced fat oxidation and postexercise free-living physical activity after constant-load flat running (FR) and downhill running (DHR) bouts at an intensity that elicited maximal fat oxidation. Methods Participants were 11 healthy untrained men (mean age 25.6 ± 3.3 years; VO2max39.11 ± 8.05 ml/kg/min). The study included four visits. The first two visits determined the intensity of maximal fat oxidation during incremental FR and DHR tests. The second two visits involved constant-load FR or DHR at the intensity that elicited maximal fat oxidation in a counterbalanced order separated by two weeks. Gas exchange analysis was used to measure substrate oxidation during all exercise sessions. Sedentary time and physical activity were measured using ActiGraph triaxial accelerometers for three days including the day of exercise tests (the second day). Results During the incremental exercise tests, fat oxidation was significantly greater during the first stage of FR (P < 0.05) but started to increase during the fourth stage of DHR, although this did not reach significance. Of the 11 participants, 7 had greater fat oxidation during DHR. During continuous constant-load running, fat oxidation was higher during DHR than FR but at only two stages was either significant or borderline significant, and the time/group interaction was not significant. There was no significant effect on sedentary time of time/group interaction (P = 0.769), but there was a significant effect of time (P = 0.005), and there was no significant effect on total physical activity of time/group interaction (P = 0.283) or time (P = 0.602). Conclusion Acute aerobic eccentric exercise at an intensity eliciting maximal fat oxidation enhanced exercise-induced fat oxidation without worsening postexercise free-living physical activity, indicating it could be a useful training modality in weight management programs.
Histological aspects of avocado embryo development and effect of developmental stages on germination

Anatomical differentiation and storage product accumulation were studied during avocado (Persea americana Mill.) zygotic embryo development using histological techniques. The results were correlated with the germination capacity under in vitro conditions. The histodifferentiation phase, characterized by active cell division and differentiation, was accomplished by 100 d after pollination (DAP), when embryos reached 16–18 mm in length. After a phase in which there were no morphological changes, the maturation phase commenced at 125 DAP in embryos 24–26 mm in length. Accumulation of starch granules and the appearance of protein bodies occurred at this time. Germination was significantly influenced by the embryo developmental stage. Different parameters used as indicators of germination quality (germination percentage, germination speed and recovery of complete plantlets) showed a positive correlation with the age of the embryos. However, germination in vitro was not achieved fully until the end of zygotic embryo development, when the embryo reached physiological maturity.
The science and practice of pig production

Pig meat and carcass quality growth and body composition changes in pigs reproduction aspects of pig behaviour and welfare development and improvement of pigs by genetic selection disease prevention energy value of feedstuffs for pigs nutritional value of proteins and amino acids in feedstuffs for pigs value of fats in pig diets energy and protein requirements for maintenance, growth and reproduction requirements for water, minerals and vitamins appetite and voluntary feed intake diet formulation optimization of feed supply to growing pigs and breeding sows product marketing the environmental requirements of pigs production performance monitoring simulation modelling. Appendices: nutritional guide values of some feed ingredients for pigs guide nutrient specifications for pig diets guide feedstuff ingredient compositions of pig diets description files for raw materials.
Virus-induced hypovirulence in Cryphonectria parasitica: still an unresolved conundrum.

In this paper we review some of the most recent literature about the interactions between Cryphonectria parasitica; the ascomycete fungus that causes chestnut blight; and viruses in the species Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (family Hypoviridae); which; when present in the fungus; render the fungus incapable of causing the severe disease that is normally the result of infection of European and American chestnut trees (Castanea sativa and C. dentata; respectively). We provide an overview of the findings accumulated over the last few decades; in an attempt to link them to the technological advances made during this time. In particular; we focus on what is known about the molecular aspects of the virus-fungus interaction; detailing; and critically reviewing some recent findings and their significance in understanding the phenomenon of virus-induced hypovirulence. After describing the diversity of virus species that infect C. parasitica; we detail various aspects of the effects the presence of virus has on secretory pathways; and on various elements of signal transduction pathways. We also discuss the recent finding of a silencing suppressor encoded by the genome of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1; and recent results from studies of differential expression profiling using cDNA microarray analysis.
Regeneration of planted conifers across climatic moisture gradients on the Canadian prairies: implications for distribution and climate change

The influence of dry climates on white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss)) regeneration was examined by conducting surveys of seedlings and small trees that had regenerated naturally at 100 farm shelterbelts and plantations in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The sites surveyed were located along a climate moisture gradient extending from the relatively moist boreal forest, across the aspen parkland, to the semi‐arid prairie grasslands. Natural regeneration was greatest at sites in the boreal forest and northern aspen parkland, decreased in the southern aspen parkland, and was negligible in the grassland zone. Furthermore, the few seedlings found in the drier zones were usually in poor condition. Similar results were obtained for the introduced Colorado spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). It is concluded that the present climate of the southern parkland and grassland is too dry to permit natural regeneration of white spruce and other conifers. If increases in atmospheric CO2 levels lead to a drier future climate in the southern boreal forest of western Canada, the ability of conifers to regenerate naturally may be significantly reduced.
Statistically Hiding Commitments and Statistical Zero-Knowledge Arguments from Any One-Way Function

We give a construction of statistically hiding commitment schemes (those in which the hiding property holds against even computationally unbounded adversaries) under the minimal complexity assumption that one-way functions exist. Consequently, one-way functions suffice to give statistical zero-knowledge arguments for any NP statement (whereby even a computationally unbounded adversarial verifier learns nothing other than the fact that the assertion being proven is true, and no polynomial-time adversarial prover can convince the verifier of a false statement). These results resolve an open question posed by Naor et al. [J. Cryptology, 11 (1998), pp. 87-108].
Accumulation of carbon and nitrogen compounds in sweet potato plants grown under deficiency of N, P, or K nutrients

Abstract Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. var. Beniazuma) plants were grown in the field of Hokkaido University where the following treatments: (1) application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (C plot), (2) absence of nitrogen application (-N plot), (3) absence of phosphorus application (-P plot), and (4) absence of potassium application (-K plot) have been maintained for 76 y. Results obtained were as follows. 1. Under nitrogen deficiency, total dry weight and tuberous root dry weight decreased. Harvest index for dry weight in the -N plot was highest, while the harvest index for nitrogen was the lowest among the treatments, suggesting that high nitrogen use efficiency was achieved in the -N plot. 2. Under phosphorus deficiency, total dry weight was the same as that in the C plot, while tuberous root dry weight was strictly restricted, suggesting that the construction of proteins or cellulose in leaves was stimulated, and the construction of starch in tuberous roots was restricted in the -P plot. 3.
Erosión superficial y carstificación en Macuspana, Tabasco, Sureste de México

El sureste de Mexico esta afectado por diferentes formas de erosion hidrica pero no hay informacion sobre su impacto en la region, la cual es necesaria para los programas de conservacion de suelos. Por ello, se estudio la cantidad y ubicacion de las diferentes formas de perdida de suelos por erosion hidrica y por formaciones tipo Karst (carstificacion) (i.e. un area de terreno de piedra caliza caracterizada por depresiones y corrientes subterraneas), en Macuspana, Tabasco, Mexico. Esta zona se caracteriza por planicies y terrenos con pendientes mayores a 5% y precipitacion media anual de 3186 mm. El uso principal del suelo es para pastoreo. Las principales formaciones geologicas de la region son rocas sedimentarias del Terciario como calizas, areniscas, y conglomerados. En una superficie de 2500 km2 se cuantificaron perdidas de suelo por grietas, carcavas, movimiento de masas, tuneles y pozos con la metodologia propuesta por DVWK (1996). La informacion de campo se incluyo en mapas digitales de topografia, tipo de suelo y geologia. Se incluyen los datos del uso actual del suelo de acuerdo con lo observado en campo. Se identificaron 1334 puntos de perdidas de suelo, de los que 28 fueron grietas, 33 carcavas, 56 movimientos en masa, 1198 pozos, y 19 tuneles. Se hicieron analisis para explorar relaciones entre los factores y formas de perdidas de suelo. En regiones con pendientes menores de 5% y con vegetacion de Cynodon plectostachyus hubo un fuerte efecto de tuneles y pozos en los Leptosoles rendzicos ubicados sobre caliza del Oligoceno. Las grietas, carcavas y movimiento de masas se encontraron principalmente en Vertisoles pelieutricos y Luvisoles cromicos con pendientes entre 5 y 30% y con vegetacion de Paspalum notatum o Cynodon plectostachyus. La formacion de pozos no esta considerada en modelos predicativos para calcular el riesgo de erosion hidrica. Se concluye que las areas estudiadas requieren urgentemente la
Further observations on green flagellates with scaly flagella: the genus Heteromastix korshikov

A light and electron microscopical study has been carried out on the morphology and microanatomy of two marine species of Heteromastix and less completely on two freshwater samples from the same genus, one only of which is named; this one is, however, important as the type species of the genus (H. angulata Korsh.). Agreement in salient features indicates that Bipedinomonas N. Carter andAnisomonas Butcher, under which the marine species were previously described, should be discarded as later synonyms of Heteromastix Korsh. Apart from the nomenclatural clarification the most important new findings concern the details of the periplast on cell body and flagella, the presence of stellate scales as well as plate-scales on both types of surface, the presence within the body of a starch shell not giving the normal colour reaction with iodine, and of a characteristic fibrous ‘root’ joining the flagellar bases to the plastid surface. A major finding of electron microscopical interest is the clarity with which the formation of scales and of flagellar hairs has been traced to the Golgi cisternae. These observations are an important addition to previous knowledge concerning genera of related green flagellates possibly referable to the class Prasinophyceae.
Observations on the Choline Requirements of Hens

Abstract FEW reports concerning the choline requirements of hens have appeared in the literature. McCollum, Halpin and Drescher (1912) using a diet consisting of 70 parts of ground polished rice which had been extracted with hot alcohol, and 30 parts of dried skimmilk, found that large amounts of lecithin were synthesized by laying hens. These authors noted that the ration was readily consumed and the hens remained in good production during the experiment. Abbot and DeMasters (1940) used the basal mixture of McCollum et al. but supplemented it with vitamins A, D and B1, and a B-complex preparation. This diet would not support good production or maintain body weight. A large number of aborted yolks occurred, and the livers were somewhat more fatty than those of control hens fed a commercial laying mash. Additions of choline increased production, prevented weight loss and abortion of yolks, and reduced liver fat. The magnitudes .
Reproductive Seasonality of Southern African Inshore and Estuarine Invertebrates — a Biogeographic Review

A literature review reveals that reproductive seasonality of less than 1% of South Africa's inshore marine invertebrates has been studied. Approximately 95% of studies have been on large, long-lived, gonochoristic, iteroparous species, and nearly 50% on molluscs. There is only a weak relationship between biogeographic region and timing of reproduction, Nevertheless, a relatively large proportion of west coast species studied breed in winter, whereas south coast species tend to have breeding peaks in spring/summer, although many nearly always have mature gametes and probably reproduce year-round. East coast species are mainly continuous or summer breeders, The factors that control gametogenesis and trigger spawning are largely unresolved, although temperature and food are thought to be important in many species.
Cancer as an Embryological Phenomenon and Its Developmental Pathways: A Hypothesis regarding the Contribution of the Noncanonical Wnt Pathway

For gastrulation to occur in human embryos, a mechanism that simultaneously regulates many different processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and invasion, is required to consistently and effectively create a human being during embryonic morphogenesis. The striking similarities in the processes of cancer and gastrulation have prompted speculation regarding the developmental pathways involved in their regulation. One of the fundamental requirements for the developmental pathways in gastrulation and cancer is the ability to respond to environmental stimuli, and it has been proposed that the Kaiso and noncanonical Wnt pathways participate in the mechanisms regulating these developmental pathways. In particular, these pathways might also explain the notable differences in invasive capacity between cancers of endodermal and mesodermal origins and cancers of ectodermal origin. Nevertheless, the available information indicates that cancer is an abnormal state of adult human cells in which developmental pathways are reactivated in inappropriate temporal and spatial contexts.
Postcranial Anatomy of Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China

ABSTRACT Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis is a small ornithischian dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of the Lujiatun locality, Liaoning Province, China. Here, we provide the first detailed description of its postcranial skeleton based on the holotype and four other well-preserved skeletons, and compare it with material of other primitive cerapodans. Jeholosaurus can be diagnosed on the basis of one postcranial autapomorphy, relating to the absence of parapophyses from the anterior dorsal vertebrae, and a unique combination of postcranial characters, but its anatomy is otherwise similar to that of many other basal ornithischians. A phylogenetic analysis incorporating these new postcranial data confirms previous suggestions that Jeholosaurus is a basal ornithopod and that it forms a clade with Changchunsaurus and Haya; Koreanosaurus and Yueosaurus might also belong to this clade, though additional material of both will be required to test this hypothesis. The name Jeholosauridae is proposed for this apparently endemic group of Cretaceous East Asian taxa.
Prey choice of Tengmalm's owls (Aegolius funereus funereus): preference for substandard individuals?

Errington proposed that predators mainly kill substandard prey, because dominant individuals force subordinate ones into poor habitats, where the predation risk is higher. We studied the prey choice of breeding male Tengmalm's owls (Aegolius funereus funereus) in 1992, when vole densities crashed. We trapped small mammals in the main habitat types in 21 owl territories, and simultaneously identified prey items cached by the same owls in their nest boxes. The main prey of owls in western Finland are the common vole (Microtus epiroticus), field vole (M. agrestis), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), and common shrew (Sorex araneus). Common voles were the preferred prey of owls, followed by field voles, bank voles, and common shrews. Prey captured by owls tended to be lighter and smaller than those available in the field. This tendency was significant for field voles and common shrews. Field voles, common voles, and female common shrews captured by owls tended to have more internal fat than those available .