Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International protection of intellectual property

This text provides detailed coverage of international intellectual property law and protection in over 20 major jurisdictions and sets out how to initiate proceedings if infringement occurs. For each country there is coverage of patents, copyright, trade and service marks, trade and service names, industrial design and utility models, and aesthetic designs and patterns. Information is provided on the nature of the right, attacks on ownership and infringement actions. In addition, in each section the specific procedural requirements involved are spelt out. As well as the country-by-country coverage, there are also chapters on the European Trade Mark, Madrid International Trade Mark, European Patent and Copyright Systems, NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agents), dispute resolution and conflict of law.
Collage-type approach to inverse problems for elliptic PDEs on perforated domains

We present a collage-based method for solving inverse problems for elliptic partial differential equations on a perforated domain. The main results of this paper establish a link between the solution of an inverse problem on a perforated domain and the solution of the same model on a domain with no holes. The numerical examples at the end of the paper show the goodness of this approach.
ASSESSING POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AS PERSONALITY CHANGE 1 Post-Traumatic Growth as Positive Personality Change: Challenges, Opportunities and Recommendations

Objective: Posttraumatic growth typically refers to enduring positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity, trauma, or highly challenging life circumstances. Critics have challenged insights from much of the prior research on this topic, pinpointing its significant methodological limitations. In response to these critiques, we propose that posttraumatic growth can be more accurately captured in terms of personality change—an approach that affords a more rigorous examination of the phenomenon. Method: We outline a set of conceptual and methodological questions and considerations for future work on the topic of post-traumatic growth. Results: We provide a series of recommendations for researchers from across the disciplines of clinical/counseling, developmental, health, personality, and social psychology and beyond, who are interested in improving the quality of research examining resilience and growth in the context of adversity. Conclusion: We are hopeful that these recommendations will pave the way for a more accurate understanding of the ubiquity, durability and causal processes underlying post-traumatic growth.
Hollywood North: The Impact of Costs and Demarcation Rules on the Runaway Film Industry

PCT No. PCT/JP97/04706 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 10, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 10, 1999 PCT Filed Dec. 19, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/29394 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 9, 1998The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula (III): wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl or an optionally substituted aryl; R2 is an optionally substituted alkyl: R3 is an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, or an optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl; and n is an integer of 1-3, which comprises reacting a compound of the formula (I): wherein R1, R2, and n are as defined above, with a compound of the formula (II):R3OH(II)wherein R3 is as defined above, in the presence of phosphine and either of dialkyl azodicarboxylate and tetraalkyl azodicarboxamide.
Eﬀects of diﬀerent stratiﬁcation changes on both sides of the typhoon track on near-inertial energy propagation

Near-inertial waves (NIWs) originate in the ocean upper mixed layer. When they have a large horizontal scale which is characteristic of an atmospheric storm, they are diﬃcult to propagate vertically below the mixed layer. The β-eﬀect and the mesoscale vorticity are considered as two important mechanisms for guiding the downward propagation of near-inertial energy (NIE). In this paper, the eﬀects of “heat pumping” and “cold suction” of typhoons on the ocean stratiﬁcation are analyzed. It is found that changes in stratiﬁcation enhance the vertical propagation of NIWs from the mixed layer into the ocean interior on the left side of the typhoon track. To illustrate the impact of stratiﬁcation changes on both sides of typhoon tracks, the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) is used to simulate
Early Warning Systems

Currently, medical general wards tend to have a higher number of severely sick patients with a long period of critical illness. In addition, there is a growing recognition that several indicators of acute deterioration are being missed by both nurses and doctors. The consequences of these are an increase in the number of adverse events, such as cardiac arrest and in the number of patients admitted or readmitted in critical care units, contributing undoubtedly to higher mortality rates. As a result, many initiatives have been designed trying to reduce such problems, including the development of early warning scoring systems with the perspective of timely medical response. The aim of this project is to elucidate the dimensions of early warning systems (EWS), to raise discussion on their validity and to stimulate health leadership in introducing early warning systems into health care mechanisms. After having collected and presented data from several recent articles on the topic, this project intends to discuss about the introduction and function of EWS.
Not for profit: why democracy needs the humanities

mon fate of top-down reforms in many cultures. How the state, often effectively but with rapidly changing objectives, has used school sports programs to accomplish its goals is the focus of Chapter seven. Chapters eight and nine, written by authors who largely oppose neo-liberal and neo-conservative recent reforms, provide depictions of the basis for their support, and of the real and imagined results of their implementation. The concluding chapter in the book is a well-written critique of the somewhat insular perspective at times, of many Western comparative educationists regarding Japan. The volume does have one flaw; at times the leftist perspectives of a few of the contributors result in more polemics than evidence in depictions of the intent or effects of neo-liberal and neo-conservative educational reforms in Japan or elsewhere. However, the generally high level of scholarly treatment of Japanese education and of its transnational implication makes the book an important contribution to comparative education and policy studies.
Astronomical bounds on the modified Chaplygin gas as a unified dark fluid model

The modified Chaplygin gas could be considered to abide by the unified dark fluid model because the model might describe the past decelerating matter dominated era and at present time it provides an accelerating expansion of the Universe. In this paper, we have employed the Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background anisotropy, type-Ia supernovae, observed Hubble parameter data sets to measure the full parameter space of the modified Chaplygin gas as a unified dark matter and dark energy model. The model parameters Bs, α, and B determine the evolutional history of this unified dark fluid model by influencing the energy density ρMCG = ρMCG0[Bs + (1 − Bs)a−3(1 + B)(1 + α)]1/(1 + α). We assumed the pure adiabatic perturbation of unified modified Chaplygin gas in the linear perturbation theory. In the light of Markov chain Monte Carlo method, we find that Bs = 0.727+0.040+0.075−0.039−0.079, α = −0.0156+0.0982+0.2346−0.1380−0.2180, B = 0.0009+0.0018+0.0030−0.0017−0.0030 at 2σ level. The model parameters α and B are very close to zero and the nature of unified dark energy and dark matter model is very similar to cosmological standard model ΛCDM.
Intrarater and Interrater Variability Imaging Measurements: Assessment of Regional Differences in Diffusion Tensor

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has become a valuable tool in both the research and clinical evaluation of subjects. We sought to quantify interobserver and intraobserver variability of diffusivity and diffusion anisotropy measurements with regard to specific regions of interest (ROIs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subject group consisted of 5 healthy control subjects and 7 study subjects (all males; 16–19 years old; mean age (cid:1) 17.5 years), as part of a protocol for closed head injury. Two whole-brain DTI scans were acquired on a 3T scanner for each subject. Analysis was performed using a ROI approach. Two independent observers analyzed the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) indices in the corpus callosum, cortical spinal tract, internal capsules (ICs), basal ganglia, and centrum semiovale (CSO). Intraobserver and interobserver variability were calculated for the mean ADC, FA, and ordered eigenvalues of the diffusion tensor ( (cid:1) 1 , (cid:1) 2 , and (cid:1) 3 ). RESULTS: The overall (cid:2) statistic for intraobserver variability for both observers showed slight-to-substantial agreement ( (cid:2) (cid:1) 0.02–0.69), however FA values in the CSO showed only slight agreement. Interobserver agreement was also slight to substantial for these DTI measurements with high variability in FA values in the IC and CSO. CONCLUSIONS: When one is comparing 2 DTI measurements, it is important to assess intraobserver and interobserver variability. We recommend caution in the analysis of DTI contrasts in the IC and CSO, because we have found the widest range of variability in measurements within these structures.
Rentabilité Économique Et Financière De La Production Cotonnière A Ouaké Au Nord–Ouest Du Bénin

Du fait de ses multiples problemes, la culture du coton au Benin est aujourd’hui de plus en plus negligee, bien qu’ayant contribue pendant plusieurs annees a la croissance economique du pays. De nombreux paysans abandonnent la production au detriment des cultures cerealieres. Le present travail vise a analyser la rentabilite de la production du coton dans cette zone dans le cadre d‘une meilleure connaissance de la filiere. A cet effet, une enquete a ete conduite aupres de trente et un producteurs de coton de la Commune de Ouake. Ceuxci ont ete choisis de maniere participative avec les agents du Centre Communal pour la Production Agricole (CeCPA) Ouake. Les donnees sur les caracteristiques sociodemographiques, les prix et quantites des inputs et outputs utilises dans la production du coton ont ete collectees aupres des producteurs echantillonnes. L’analyse de la productivite moyenne du travail et du ratio benefice couts, avec une superficie moyenne de 1,04 ha et une productivite moyenne de 1085,29 kg, montre que la production cotonniere n’est pas economiquement rentable pour 93,5 % des producteurs. Ces resultats indiquent la necessite de la mise en oeuvre d’actions devant concourir a la relance de la production, par de meilleures strategies dans le cadre d’une agriculture durable dans la zone d’etude et au Benin. Mots cle : Culture d’exportation, indicateurs de rentabilite, Ouake, Nord-ouest Benin, Afrique de l’Ouest. Because of its multiple problems, the culture of cotton in Republic of Benin nowadays is more and more neglected, although having contributed during several years to the economic growth of the country. Many peasants are giving up the production for the cereal cultures. This work aims at analyzing the profitability of the production of cotton in this zone withinthe framework of the promotion of the culture. To this end, an investigation was undertaken with thirty one cotton producers, in the Commune of Ouake. Those were selected in a participative way with the agents of Centre Communal pour la Production Agricole (CeCPA) of the study aera : Ouake. Data concerning the sociodemographic characteristics, the prices and quantities of the inputs and outputs used in the production of cotton were collected from the sampled producers. The analysis of the average productivity of work and the ratio benefit costs, with an average surface of 1.04 ha and an average productivity of 1085.29 kg for the study site, showed that the cotton production is not economically profitable for 93.5 % of the producers. These results indicated the need for urgent actions implementation to contribute to the promotion of the production, throughout better strategies and for a sustainable agriculture in the study site. Keywords : Export cultures, indicators of profitability, Ouake, North-west Benin, West Africa.
Development and Validation of the Chinese Critical Thinking Disposition Scale among Foreign Language Students

Although much research acknowledges the positive contributions of CT dispositions to learning a foreign language, less scale development work has focused on the dispositions towards critical thinking of foreign language students in the Chinese language, leading to the limited availability of reliable and valid Chinese critical thinking disposition measurements in foreign language education. The current research aims to develop and validate the Chinese Critical Thinking Disposition Scale using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in two foreign language student samples from China. It filled the gap of limited reliable and valid Chinese scales assessing critical thinking disposition. A total of 538 (103 for EFA and 435 for CFA) foreign language students in China from Zaozhuang University and Jiangxi Normal University participated in the study. Results of the CFA confirmed a five-factor CHCTDS with 17 items on a seven-point Likert scale as an acceptable model fit for the data (χ2/df= 3.492, NFI= .911, CFI= .934, TLI= .918, IFI= .935, and RMSEA= .076) with good reliability and convergent as well as discriminant validity. The Cronbach’s α was . 934 for the overall scale, and that of the five subscales ranged from . 776 to . 851. Therefore, the CHCTDS developed in this paper may be recommended as a valid Chinese scale measuring foreign language learners’ critical thinking dispositions. Still, it needs further validation among larger populations and across gender.
Tractional Retinal Detachment: Prevalence and Causes in Nigerians

Aim: To determine the causes of tractional retinal detachment (TRD) in Nigerians. Materials and Methods: A prospective, multicentre study evaluating eyes diagnosed to have TRD. History, clinical examination (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurement, anterior segment examination and dilated fundoscopy) and systemic evaluation (including previous diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension, sickle-cell disease and others) were performed in TRD eyes out of a cohort of retinal detachment eyes. Results: The prevalence of TRD of the 237 patients diagnosed with RD within a one-year study period was 25.7% (61 patients). Eighty eyes were diagnosed with TRD. Thirty-eight eyes of nineteen patients (31%) were bilateral, and 42 (69%) were unilateral. There were 38 male patients (62.3%) and 23 female patients (37.7%). The mean age was 52.3 ± 12.7 years (11–69 years). 88.5% of all TRD patients had an associated systemic disease, diabetes being the most common disease in 88.8% of them. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy was the most common cause of TRD (77.5%) and the most common cause of bilateral TRD. Both trauma and proliferative sickle-cell retinopathy occurred in 3.8% of the eyes. 68.8% of TRD eyes were blind at the presentation. However, the causes of TRD did not show any significant association with blindness (P = 0.819). Conclusion: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy poses a significant threat to vision, being the most common cause of TRD. Early detection and treatment of proliferative retinopathy in diabetes and sickle-cell disease, and trauma prevention will significantly reduce the burden of blindness due to TRD.
LESS THAN HUMAN: INFRAHUMANIZATION AND FORGIVENESS WHEN AN OUTGROUP HARMS THE INGROUP

Following intergroup transgressions, forgiveness may lay the groundwork for restoring positive intergroup relations (Wohl & Branscombe, 2005). This thesis examined Canadians willingness to forgive Afghans as a function of the emotions attributed to and expressed by the Afghans for harms committed against Canadians. In Experiment 1, Canadians were forgiving of the harm committed insofar as they perceived Afghans as experiencing secondary (uniquely human) emotions but not primary (non-uniquely human) emotions. This effect was mediated by empathy toward Afghans. Although forgiveness stemmed from the attribution of secondary emotions to the outgroup, the expression of secondary emotions by the outgroup may have the opposite effect (reduced forgiveness), as secondary emotions are considered the domain of the ingroup. In Experiment 2, the expression of secondary emotions by Afghans following a transgression against Canadian soldiers resulted in less forgiveness than when primary emotions were expressed. This relationship was also mediated by empathy toward Afghans. Infrahumanization and Forgiveness iii
Chapter 7. The Eocene-Oligocene boundary climate transition: an Antarctic perspective

Simone Galeotti, Peter Bijl, Henk Brinkuis, Robert M. DeConto, Carlota Escutia, Fabio Florindo, Edward G.W. Gasson, Jane Francis, David Hutchinson, Alan Kennedy-Asser, Luca Lanci, Isabel Sauermilch, Appy Sluijs and Paolo Stocchi Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Earth Sciences, Marine Palynology and Paleoceanography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States, Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC and Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Spain, National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, Rome, Italy, Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, BRIDGE, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia, Coastal Systems Department, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, Den Burg, the Netherlands, Institute for Climate Change Solutions, Frontone, Italy
Nov 04, 2020 Configuration platform for customisation of design, manufacturing and assembly processes of building façade systems: A building

Literature on BIM reports case studies and challenges observed when applying BIM in the construction industry. Literature on mass customisation elaborates on methods and experiences of applying modularisation and product configuration including examples from the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. However, only limited literature is available on how modularisation and configuration can be applied in a BIM context. This paper aims to investigate how the principles of configuration contribute to overcome some of the reported challenges while applying BIM in the AEC industry. This study sets out to explore the principles of platform design, the relations between industrialisation and mass customisation through serialisation facilitated by BIM for a given case of design, manufacturing and assembly processes of building envelopes in the AEC industry. A customisable façade system has been developed to accommodate: 1) The panel components which can lodge different materials; 2) The mullions which can oblige different geometries, 3) The support structure which can accommodate a variation of different geometries and lodge components with different shapes, sizes and dimensions. The identified possible improvements of using BIM, supported by modularisation and configuration, have been tested and evaluated through the case study. which connect the system level façade to super-system building structures. This study shows that the initial host developed has capacities to be further developed beyond just a conceptual platform to actually accommodate real façade support system, façade panelised system with all its associated elements, components and materials as well as the connections as the façade support system. The principles of the developed support system is one of the many possible options and can further be developed into other alternatives through optimisation of the support elements, their sizes, their details and their connection types according to the building’s structural system, the façade size, geometry and form as well as the variation in materials, connections and openings.
Feminism and Islamic Fundamentalism: The Limits of Postmodern Analysis

* Preface * Introduction * 1. Oriental Sexuality: Imagined and Real * 2. From Orientalism to Islamic Feminism * 3. Postmodern Relativism and the Politics of Cultural Difference * 4. Islamic Fundamentalism and its Nostalgic Accomplice * 5. Women, Modernity and Social Change * 6. Fundamentalists in power: Conflict and Compromise * 7. Islamic Feminism and its Discontents * References * Index
Therapeutic potential of a modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet in reversing the peripheral lipid signature of Alzheimer's disease

ABSTRACT Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder with significant environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle, influencing its onset and progression. Although previous studies have suggested that certain diets may reduce the incidence of AD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this randomized crossover study of 20 elderly adults, we investigated the effects of a modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet (MMKD) on the plasma lipidome, analyzing 784 lipid species across 47 classes. We identified substantial changes in response to intervention, notably a global elevation across all plasmanyl and plasmenyl ether lipid species among others, with many changes linked with changes to clinical and biochemical markers of AD. Leveraging our prior clinical studies on AD (n = 1,912), we found that MMKD was inversely associated with the lipidomic signature of prevalent and incident AD. Given its low risk and cost, MMKD could be a promising approach for prevention or early symptomatic treatment of AD.
Disinformation and vaccines on social networks: Behavior of hoaxes on Twitter Desinformación y vacunas

This research presents partial results of the R+D+I project Innovation ecosystems in communication industries: Actors, technologies, and configurations for the generation of innovation in content and communication (INNOVACOM), financed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (ref PID2020-114007RB-I00). Similarly, it has been carried out thanks to the support of the Ministry of Science and Education, within the framework of the FightDIS (PID2020-117263GB-100, 2021-2024) and XAI-Disinfodemics (PLEC2021-007681, 2021-2023) projects; as well as thanks to the Autonomous Community of Madrid, within the framework of CYNAMON (S2018/TCS-4566, 2018-2022); the Fundación BBVA, within the call for research teams on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, with the CIVIC project: Intelligent Characterization of the Accuracy of Information related to COVID-19 (2021-2022); the European Commission, with the IBERIFIER project (