Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Ni–Al layered double hydroxide/graphene composite supported gold nanoparticles for aerobic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol

In this work, a Ni–Al layered double hydroxide/graphene (NiAl-LDH/RGO) nanocomposite which was synthesized by introducing NiAl-LDH on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) and simultaneously reducing graphene oxide without any additional reducing agents was utilized as the support for Au nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy and XPS analysis revealed that the NiAl-LDH/RGO composite had both defect sites and oxygenic functional groups in RGO to control the directional growth of Au nanoparticles and lead to a small particle size. Compared to an Au catalyst supported on single GO and RGO or NiAl-LDH, this composite-supported Au catalyst (Au/NiAl-LDH/RGO) exhibited superior catalytic activity and stability in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol using molecular oxygen under low pressure. Improved activity was mainly ascribed to the small Au particle size effect caused by RGO and the contribution of basic sites in NiAl-LDH. Moreover, the preferable catalytic stability of the Au/NiAl-LDH/RGO catalyst was attributed to the defect sites and oxygenic functional groups in RGO which anchored the Au NPs and prevented the agglomeration, meanwhile, the agglomeration of RGO was inhibited by the introduction of NiAl-LDH.
Effect of nano-iron chelates on growth, peroxidase enzyme activity and oil essence of cress (Lepidium sativum L.).

In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of iron chelate Nano fertilizer on growth, peroxidase enzyme activity and oil essence of cress, a pot experiment was designed based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments of experiment were consist of foliar spraying of iron chelate, foliar spraying of nano iron chelate, 1.5 gr iron chelate, 4.5 gr iron chelate, 7.5 gr iron chelate, 1.5 gr iron chelate+ foliar spraying, 4.5 gr iron chelate+ foliar spraying, 7.5 gr iron chelate+ foliar spraying, 1 gr nano iron chelate, 3 gr nano iron chelate, 5 gr nano iron chelate, 1 gr nano iron chelate+ foliar spraying, 3 gr nano iron chelate+ foliar spraying, 5 gr nano iron chelate+ foliar spraying, control. Results show that plant height, Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, carotenoid, oil essence and peroxidase enzyme activity were influenced by concentration of nano iron chelate, but Fe concentration significantly affected by concentration of iron chelate+ foliar spraying. The highest plant height (32.72 Cm) was obtained using 5 nano iron chelate+ foliar spraying that was increased by 80% compared with control treatment. This study indicated that nano fertilizer has a positive effect on growth characteristics, peroxidase enzyme activity and oil essence of cress. Key word: carotenoid, foliar spraying, photosynthetic pigments, plant height
An electron spin resonance study of certain vanadyl polyaminocarboxylate chelates formed in aqueous and frozen aqueous solutions

Potentiometric pH-titration and electron spin resonance studies have shown the existence of mono-meric, dimeric and dinuclear vanadyl chelates of certain polyaminocarboxylic acids. The ligands studied include ethylenediaminetetraacetic (edta), ethyleneglycolbis(β- aminoethyl ether)-N,N? -tetra-acetic (egta), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic (dtpa) and triethylenetetraaminehexaace- tic (ttha) acids. All the ligands form 1 : 1 chelates. The addition of ethylene glycol to the aqueous solution in each case provides circumstances for the study of the monomeric chelates, though it is not equally effective in all cases. The 1 : 1 vanadyl egta chelate above pH 5.5 gave rise to ΔMS = ± 2 and ΔMS = ± 1 transitions from which structural and magnetic parameters have been determined and interpreted in terms of the formation of a dimeric form of a hydrolytic product of the 1 : 1 chelate. Firm evidence for the formation of dinuclear chelates occurs only in the vanadyl ttha system. Here the room tem- perature e.s. r. spectrum shows the presence of weak exchange coupling between the vanadyl ions in the dinuclear chelate.
Studies on Regime Transition, Operating Range and System Stability in a Liquid‐Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed

In the present work, the variations in the solids circulation rate and solids holdup were analyzed to study the behavior of a liquid-solid circulating fluidized-bed (LSCFB) regime. The results confirm the existence of two regions in the regime of LSCFB. A new concept of critical liquid velocity, j 1c , is proposed in the present work for demarcation between region 1 and region 2, which is found to be a constant value of about 1.3 u t for all particles considered. The operating range of the LSCFB regime is obtained for the various particles and a correlation is developed from the data to estimate the maximum total liquid velocity. The predicted maximum liquid velocity was compared with the experimental values and found to be in good agreement within ±9%. The effects of total liquid velocity, particle size and density on the stable operating range are discussed. Analysis of the experimental results shows that stable operation prevails both in region 1 and region 2.
On the Growth of CdS Nanowires by the Evaporation of CdS Nanopowders

This article describes for the first time the direct observation of the nucleation and growth process of CdS nanowires in a typical vapor−solid synthetic route. Thermal evaporating of CdS nanosized powders at 1173 K for various time durations corresponds to different growth stages and leads to varied product morphologies. Initially, CdS appeared as amorphous spherical particles, followed by nucleation of nanorods from cusps on the particle surface. Subsequently, nanorods developed to nanowires with matrix particles being consumed. Strategies could be optimized to grow CdS nanowires of varied diameters and lengths for a variety of applications.
Bioaccumulation kinetics of brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis)

Baltic Sea blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, were exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, IUPAC congeners 47, 99, and 153) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, congeners 31, 52, 77, 118, and 153) in a flow‐through experimental setup for 44 d. After the exposure phase, the mussels were allowed to depurate in natural brackish water for 26 d. After analyses, uptake clearance rate coefficients (ku), depuration rate coefficients (kd), and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were calculated. A rapid uptake of all PBDEs and PCBs was observed, especially for PBDE congeners 47 and 99 (ku 120 and 170 L/day/g dry weight, respectively). The depuration rate decreased with increasing hydrophobicity as expected for the PCBs, but for the PBDEs, depuration rate coefficients appeared to be of the same magnitude for all three congeners independently of log Kow. The BAFs obtained for PBDE 47 and PBDE 99 (1.3 × 106 and 1.4 × 106 ml/g dry weight, respectively) were higher than for all other substances in the study, severalfold higher than for PCBs of similar hydrophobicity. The presented data indicate that the bioaccumulation potential of PBDEs, extensively used as flame retardants, is similar or higher than that of PCBs for filter feeding organisms such as blue mussels.
The Improvement of Power Output from Stacked Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs)

Abstract Three individual H-type two chambered microbial fuel cells were connected together using hexacyanoferrate (K3Fe(CN)6) as the catholyte. The stackable microbial fuel cells in series and parallel produced an open circuit voltage of 2.033 and 0.688 V, respectively. The open circuit voltages of individual microbial fuel cells were 0.689, 0.682, and 0.686 V, respectively. The maximum power density of a single cell was 136 mW/m2, corresponding to the maximum current density of 350 mA/m2 (normalized to the total surface area of anodic electrode, 10 cm2). The maximum power of 0.405 mW was obtained in serially connected stack (three microbial fuel cells), corresponding to the maximum current of 0.45 mA. The connection of three microbial fuel cell units in parallel produced the maximum power of 0.4 mW, corresponding to the maximum current of 1.25 mA. For a better understanding of the voltage reversal phenomenon, a dead cell (without substrate) was connected with the two other good working cells. It was found that voltage reversal occurred due to shortage of substrate in series connection.
Effect of Iron Pentacarbonyl on Soot Formation Behind Shock Waves

The effect of iron pentacarbonyl on soot formation during the pyrolysis of propane/Ar and acetylene/Ar mixtures behind reflected shock waves was studied. Time profiles of the soot yield and temperature were obtained. The soot-promoting effect of iron pentacarbonyl was revealed. The results for propane/Fe(CO)5/Ar mixtures were simulated within the framework of a detailed kinetic model composed of 3390 direct and reverse elementary steps involving 295 species. A novel kinetic mechanism of the thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)5 and the formation of free iron atoms and iron nanoparticles was tested. This mechanism correctly describes the available experimental data. A qualitative explanation of the experimentally observed effects of Fe(CO)5 additives on soot formation was proposed. It was suggested that the nascent iron nanoparticles serve as soot precursors for further surface growth with the formation of soot particles. The influence of small Fen(CO)m fragments and small Fen clusters on soot formation is less important because of a rather short lifetime of these species.
Identification of ions in continental air

The results of three tropospheric ion field studies are presented along with new ion identities and a discussion of ion variability. The ion identifications were made using a dual collision chamber tandem mass spectrometer. Included among the species recently identified are isobutylamine, 2-dimethylaminoethanol and/or sarcosine, SO{sub 4}NO{sup {minus}}{sub 2}, and a species that appears to be similar to glucose containing an amine and 0-3 methyl groups and possibly some fairly massive (masses > 200 amu) primary amines. The variability of most of the major ions in the positive spectrum is observed to be surprisingly small. For several of the more massive positive ions,this lack of variability is difficult to explain, since the atmospheric lifetime of the parent species of these ions should be short.
SIMULTANEOUS REFINEMENT OF TWO COMPONENTS OF AN EXSOLUTION INTERGROWTH: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THE LINDSTRÖMITE – KRUPKAITE PAIR

Crystal structures of intergrown lindstromite and krupkaite were determined in two distinct samples by a simultaneous crystal-structure refinement using a modified jana program package. The exsolution intergrowths have a bulk composition, determined by means of electron microprobe, equal to bd 60.1 and bd 64.1 , respectively. The subscript indicates a percentage of the aikinite component in this bismuthinite derivative . The crystal structure of lindstromite contains two aikinite-like ribbons Cu 2 Pb 2 Bi 2 S 6 and eight krupkaite-like ribbons (ideally CuPbBi 3 S 6 ) in a unit cell. The latter are oversubstituted; the ideally empty tetrahedral sites associated with them refined to the occupancy values of 0.04–0.09 Cu and 0.14–0.18 Cu, respectively, for the two above bulk compositions. The refined phase-compositions are Cu 6.26 Pb 6.26 Bi 13.74 S 30 (bd 62.6 ) associated with CuPbBi 3 S 6 (bd 50 ) for the sample ‘bd 60 ’ and Cu 6.64 Pb 6.64 Bi 13.36 S 30 (bd 66.4 ) associated with oversubstituted krupkaite, the composition of which could not been refined, for the sample ‘bd 64 ’. From stoichiometry calculations, the latter is ~bd 60. Both latter values may be somewhat overestimated as a result of cross-correlations between the two closely related structures during the refinement.
Energy use in two large cities: A comparison of Hong Kong and Sydney, Australia

A range of methods and assumptions is presented for drawing up complete energy budgets for individual consumption sectors and for the detailed study of the spatial distribution and seasonal and diurnal variation of energy use in Hong Kong. The energy use per capita in Hong Kong is just over one‐third of that in the Sydney region, whereas the intensity of energy use per unit area in Hong Kong is nearly twice that in Sydney. Midwinter daily energy use in Sydney's City area reaches 49 percent of the incoming solar radiation whereas values of 180 percent are reached in the Hung Horn region of Hong Kong.
A study of anthocyanin self-association by NMR spectroscopy

Research involving the development of anthocyanin-containing food colorants has led to the discovery that acylated anthocyanins exhibit remarkable stability, with this improved stabilization being attributed to intra and inter-molecular association. In this work the self-association behavior (intra- and inter-molecular association) of malvidin-3-O-(6-coumaroylglucoside) (mv3cumglc) and malvidin-3-O-glucoside (mv3glc) in the flavylium form (pH 1.0) was studied using a synergistic combination of NMR and molecular dynamics simulation. NOESY experiments have suggested the occurrence of intra-molecular association on malvidin-3-O-coumaroylglucoside with the coumaric acid residue stacking in the anthocyanidin nucleus. The NMR spectral variations (chemical shifts, δ, and diffusion coefficients, D) resulting from the increase of the anthocyanin concentration were analyzed using an isodesmic model. In D2O–DMSO mixtures and in the concentration range tested, mv3cumglc was found to self-associate with a higher affinity constant (1402 M−1 (δ) and 2203 M−1 (D)) compared to mv3glc (819 M−1 (δ) and 1002 M−1 (D)) revealing that in acylated anthocyanins the combined aggregation phenomenon could be responsible for this higher affinity towards self-association. In D2O–DMSO the critical aggregation concentration (cac) values determined for both anthocyanins were very similar, though this value was lower for mv3cumglc.
A multi‐equation model of energy consumption in Thailand

The paper reports the results of a new generalized price-augmented Working-based (Tran Van Hoa and Reece, 1989) six-equation model of energy consumption in Thailand for the period 1974–1987, and provides improved 2SHI (Tran Van Hoa, 1986) forecasts for six petroleum products for the period 1991–2000. The forecasts are particularly useful in complete fuel-cycle greenhouse-gas emission approaches (e.g. Wilson, 1990) to study the impact of energy consumption on the environment.
Calculation of Thermal Pressure Coefficient of R11, R13, R14, R22, R23, R32, R41, and R113 Refrigerants by Data

For thermodynamic performance to be optimized particular attention must be paid to the fluid’s thermal pressure coefficients and thermodynamic properties. A new analytical expression based on the statistical mechanics is derived for R11, R13, R14, R22, R23, R32, R41, and R113 refrigerants, using the intermolecular forces theory. In this paper, temperature dependency of the parameters of R11, R13, R14, R22, R23, R32, R41, and R113 refrigerants to calculate thermal pressure coefficients in the form of first order has been developed to second and third orders and their temperature derivatives of new parameters are used to calculate thermal pressure coefficients. These problems have led us to try to establish a function for the accurate calculation of the thermal pressure coefficients of R11, R13, R14, R22, R23, R32, R41, and R113 refrigerants based on statistical-mechanics theory for different refrigerants.
Probing Wave Functions at Semiconductor Quantum-Dot Surfaces by Non-FRET Photoluminescence Quenching

Steady-state photoluminescence (PL) quenching of colloidal CdSe/ZnS and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) induced by functionalized porphyrin molecules was investigated for various QD sizes. The majority of the observed strong quenching of the QD photoluminescence can be assigned to neither Forster resonant energy transfer (FRET) nor photoinduced charge transfer between the QDs and the chromophore. Using the remaining small FRET efficiency to monitor the formation of QD/chromophore nanoassemblies, the major contribution to PL quenching was found to be proportional to the calculated quantum-confined exciton wave function at the QD surface. The quenching depends on the QD size and shell and is stronger for smaller quantum dots. Upon comparison of experimentally determined quenching rates and calculations of the exciton wave function, it was concluded that the attachment of only one chromophore induces a pertubation of the wave function that is accompanied by a strong increase of the radiationless decay rate.
Review on recent advances in nitrogen-doped carbons: preparations and applications in supercapacitors

It is of great interest to develop new carbon-based materials as electrodes for supercapacitors because the conventional electrodes of activated carbons in supercapacitors cannot meet the ever-increasing demands for high energy and power densities for electronic devices. Due to their high electronic conductivity and improved hydrophilic properties, together with their easy syntheses and functionalization, N-doped carbons have shown a great potential in energy storage and conversion applications. In this review, after a brief introduction of electrochemical capacitors, we summarize the advances, in the recent six years, in the preparation methods of N-doped carbons for applications in supercapacitors. We also discuss and predict futuristic research trends towards the design and syntheses of N-doped carbons with unique properties for electrochemical energy storage.
Ethylene as a Postharvest “Evil” and its Remedies in some Horticultural Crops

Postharvest is an agricultural operation starting from the time of harvesting till the commodity reaches to the ultimate user/consumer. The postharvest life of horticultural produces is different from other produces in having shortest shelf life. In some horticultural crops which we call climacteric, there is an increase rate of respiration mainly due to a very high synthesis of the ripening hormone (ethylene), which has both beneficial and detrimental (“evil”) effects depending on the type of commodity. The effect of ethylene is accumulative so continuous exposure to a low concentration of ethylene throughout marketing can cause significant harm. In climacteric fruits exogenous C2H4 caused the peel and flesh to ripen out of phase, with the flesh ripening faster than the peel. In a study of cut flowers, exposure to ethylene at 100 µl l -1 reduced vase life by about 30%. In order to minimize this evil effect different vase solutions have been investigated. STS (silver thiosulfate) and 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) can effectively protect flowers against exogenous ethylene. Pre-treatment of plants with 1 µl l -1 1- MCP for 2 h completely inhibited ethylene-induced petal abscission. Applications of Silver thiosulphate (STS) and 1-MCP have a great role to withstand the impact of ethylene. Thus they give relief for those concerned with horticultural crops which are sensitive to ethylene action. However more researches have to be done about the level and time of application of these chemicals and a new chemical against ethylene should be investigated.
Auxetic two-dimensional polymer networks. An example of tailoring geometry for specific mechanical properties

The Poisson's ratios and Young's moduli of 2D molecular networks having conventional and re-entrant honeycomb forms have been modelled using molecular modelling. Three principle deformation mechanisms were observed : bond hinging, flexure and stretching. Analytical models have also been developed that can be used to describe each of these modes of deformation acting either independently or concurrently. A parametric fit of the force constants in the concurrent analytical model calculations to the molecular model calculations yields good agreement in the mechanical properties for all the structures studied. Specific trends in the force constants required to fit the data are observed. Consequently, a force constants library can be compiled and has been used to predict accurately the properties of more complex variants of the networks. This semi-analytical sub-unit approach enables a more efficient use of computer-intensive molecular modelling programs.
SOLGASMIX-PV, a computer program to calculate equilibrium relationships in complex chemical systems

The use of the computer program SOLGASMIX-PV for calculating equilibrium compositions is described. The program can calculate equilibria in systems containing a gaseous phase, condensed phase solutions, and condensed phases of invariant or variable stoichiometry. Either a constant total gas volume or a constant total pressure can be assumed. Unit activities for condensed phases and ideality for solutions are assumed, although nonideal systems can be handled provided activity coefficient relationships are available.
Systematic and reproducible partial discharge patterns during electrical tree growth in an epoxy resin

The partial discharge activity (the number of discharges per second) during electrical tree growth in the flexible epoxy resin CY1311 was measured using a phase-resolved synchronous counting system. The experimental conditions, voltage and pin-plane spacing were varied to produce a wide range of tree structures from branch to bush. Systematic and repeatable changes in the partial discharge activity occurred, depending on the experimental conditions and these correlated with the type of tree structure (branch density or fractal dimension) formed. The type of tree growth was principally determined by the applied electric field and the occurrence of regular changes (bursts) in the partial discharge activity which are associated with a sudden and temporary phase shift and broadening of the partial discharge phase distributions. The number of bursts an their dynamics determine the type of tree grown.
Effect of repeated readings on the fluency and comprehension scores of an eighth grade student with a learning disability

5 Chapter One: Introduction.6 Chapter Two: Review of Literature.11 Chapter Three: Method.46 Chapter Four: Results.58 Chapter Five: Discussion.73 References.91 Appendix A.96 Appendix B.98 Appendix C.99 Appendix D.100 THE EFFECT OF REPEATED READINGS 4