Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Public procurement as strategy to foster organic transition: insights from the Brazilian experience

Abstract Initiatives to foster a transition toward organic agriculture have drawn policy-makers' interest worldwide. However, research studies evaluating the effectiveness of policies intended to promote ‘scaling-out’ organic production systems to more farms and larger production areas are still rare. To better understand the role that public procurement and price incentive policies have in scaling-out organic transitions, we assessed the effects of the Brazilian Food Acquisition Program (PAA) in a group of municipalities. PAA offers both markets for family farmers and price incentives for certified organic products. However, our findings suggest that farmers who establish organic production systems and become certified also gain access to other markets; ones that they find more attractive than those created by the PAA. Thus, we find that the PAA offers insufficient incentives for adopting organic practices among peasant and family farmers and supports the argument that scaling-out organic production is a multilevel process that depends on different, but interrelated drivers.
Weibo Spammer Detection Based On Social Network Digital Twin

Users are increasingly willing to share their comments on the Internet. The popularity of Weibo has spawned spammers. Comments from spammers affect normal Internet public opinion. The traditional spammer detection methods are mainly based on the static characteristics of users and accuracies are not ideal. In this paper, we apply the parallel system framework to build a social network digital twin. The nodes of the digital twin are mapped to the nodes of the graph attention network and the relationships between nodes in the digital twin are mapped to the neighbor nodes in the graph attention network. The feature vectors of nodes are updated by the stacked graph attention layer. We take the output of the attention layer as the input of the full connection layer. The softmax classifier is used to get the classification results. In this paper, we wrote a crawler to collect the individual information and follow the relationship of 2,000 users, screened out 15 user characteristics, and manually annotated them. The experimental results show that the model we proposed has higher accuracy than the naive Bayes model and decision tree.
The Illiquidity Premium: Further Evidence from Global and Asia-Pacific Markets

We document the prevalence of illiquidity premium in the international equity markets, across 45 markets over the period from 1990 to 2015. The global average illiquidity premium is economically significant at 0.85% per month and it is 1.05% for the AsiaPacific markets, after adjusting for exposure to global and regional return factors. We also find that investors demand a premium for stock illiquidity, after controlling for various firm characteristics that predict the cross-section of stock returns. 【Keywords】 illiquidity, illiquidity premium, international stock markets Yakov Amihud, Stern School of Business, New York University Allaudeen Hameed, NUS Business School, National University of Singapore Wenjin Kang, School of Finance, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Huiping Zhang, Business, IT & Science, James Cook University Singapore NTU Management Review Vol. 29 No. 1 Apr. 2019, 1-24 Forthcoming The Illiquidity Premium: Further Evidence from Global and Asia-Pacific Markets 2
Project-Based Learning through Information and Communications Technology and the Curricular Inclusion of Social Problems Relevant to the Initial Training of Infant School Teachers

Project-based learning (PBL) is considered to be one of the most highly valued methods in the development and acquisition of competencies at all educational levels. From an interdisciplinary and collaborative focus, pupils acquire knowledge and skills through investigative tasks, with a view to responding to a problem or challenge, in the form of a final product. The methodological implementation of PBL in specific teacher-training contexts is especially useful for curricular inclusion and the didactic treatment of relevant contemporary social problems and socially alive questions. In this investigation, the assessment of the perceived learning of a group of infant-education teacher trainees (n = 59), following a teacher-training program on social problems, is analyzed. The program is designed on the basis of the principal methodologies of PBL and the operational integration of information and communications technology (ICT) (WebQuests). The study begins with the pre-experimental quantitative designs of a cross-cutting prospective nature with a control group. The results provide information on the special didactic potential of active methodologies, including PBL, for the creative development of thought processes and the acquisition of social competencies and good citizenship in relation to social problems on interdisciplinary curricular projects for infant education. Likewise, it is evident that PBL methodology through ICT facilitates the acquisition of technological competencies, linked to the development of social and communicative competencies, as well as cooperative–collaborative work.
The “Charlie-Hebdo” Effect: Repercussions of the January 2015 Terrorist Attacks in France on Prejudice toward Immigrants and North-Africans, Social Dominance Orientation, and Attachment to the Principle of Laïcité

Between January 7 and 9, 2015, a succession of terrorist attacks in France shocked the whole world. Public reaction was strong, as was demonstrated by the huge turnout for the “marches for the Republic” held on January 10 and 11. The present paper is based on data collected from 162 participants just before the January 2015 attacks and during two successive two-week periods immediately after the attacks. Our objective was to determine whether the attacks led to an increase, even temporarily, in prejudice, social dominance orientation (SDO), and attachment to the principle of laicite. Results showed a short-lived increase in prejudice against immigrants and North-Africans during the two weeks following the attacks, but no increase in SDO or attachment to the principle of laicite. Contrary to our expectations, we found a substantial decrease in attachment to the principle of laicite during the third data collection period (between two and four weeks after the attacks) compared with the first two periods. We discuss these results in the light of the social psychology literature on the effects of terrorist attacks on the perceptions and attitudes of citizens of the countries targeted.
The Influence of Age at Migration on Criminal Offending Among Foreign-Born Immigrants

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii List of Tables . vi List of Figures . vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM . 1 Background . 3 Support for The Salience of Age at Migration . 9 Child development theory . 10 Segmented assimilation theory . 10 Rumbaut’s theoretical typology . 11 General strain theory . 12 Control theory . 13 Statement of the Problem . 14 Research Question: . 15 Organization of Subsequent Chapters . 16 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND . 17 The Current Wave of Migration: Immigrants Post-1965 . 17 Shifts in Immigrant youth population . 19 Integration among the current immigrant wave . 19 Immigrant Assimilation and Criminal Offending . 22 The concept of assimilation . 23 Early theorizing on immigrant criminality. 24 Contemporary Immigration-Crime Link Mythology . 25 Offending Among Immigrants and Immigrant Children: Early Empirical Findings . 28 Recent empirical findings on the immigration-crime link . 29 Generational Classification in Research, Current Issues, and The Importance of Age at Migration . 31 Rumbaut’s typology based on age and developmental stage at migration . 35 Assessing the merit of Rumbaut’s typology and building on his approach . 40 Additional Support for the Salience of Age at Migration . 42 Empirical support . 42 The effect of age at migration and child development theory . 44 Segmented assimilation theory, offending, and the influence of age at migration . 46 Theoretical Background . 47 Limitations of previous theoretical work on the relationship between age at migration and offending . 47 General strain theory . 49 Control theory . 51 v Hypotheses: . 53 CHAPTER 3: DATA AND METHODOLOGY . 55 Data . 55 Sample . 56 Measures: . 57 Analytic Strategy . 62 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS . 65 Descriptive Statistics . 65 Bivariate Analyses . 67 Multivariate Analyses . 72 Additional Analysis . 78 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION . 94 Research Question and Key Findings . 95 Implications for Relevant Theoretical Literature . 97 Empirical contribution . 100 Methodological Implications . 101 Policy Implications . 103 Limitations . 104 Suggestions for Future Research . 109 Conclusion . 111 A Final Note on the Importance of Non-significant Findings . 114 REFERENCES . 117 APPENDIX A: OTHER PEARSON'S R CORRELATION COEFFICIENT MATRICES . 134 APPENDIX B: LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS PREDICTING ANY OFFENDING AMONG U.S.-BORN IMMIGRANTS . 135 APPENDIX C: LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS PREDICTING ANY OFFENDING BY AGE AT MIGRATION GROUP . 136
Impact of institutional and cultural distances on ASEAN's trade efficiency

PurposeThis paper aims at assessing the impact of institutional and cultural distances and trade barriers on ASEAN's trade efficiency using a panel data set of 65 countries for the period 2006–2017.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the authors applied an improved version of the stochastic frontier model to estimate the trade efficiency scores. After that, we used the system generalized method of moment (GMM) estimator to investigate the impacts of institutional and cultural distances on ASEAN's trade efficiency.FindingsThe results show that the trade efficiency of ASEAN countries with the rest of the world (ROW) is moderate, ranging from 0.561 to 0.612, but shows a downward trend. This result indicates that considerable trade potential exists between ASEAN countries and ROW. Institutional and cultural distances, as well as the trade barriers, negatively affect ASEAN's trade efficiency. Efforts to reduce differences in institutions and cultures and to promote trade liberalization are vital remedies for ASEAN countries to turn potentials into actual trade performance.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature in three different ways. First, this is the first study on the impact of the differences between internal and external characteristics on trade efficiency, specifically, the impact of institutional and cultural distances on ASEAN's trade efficiency. Second, to obtain accurate efficiency scores, the authors use an improved version of the stochastic frontier model proposed by Karakaplan (2018), which can control the problem of endogeneity. Third, in quantifying the determinants of trade efficiency, the authors apply a system GMM estimator, which allows us to overcome the problems of endogeneity, measurement errors, and omitted variables.
Inclusion of Workers with Disabilities in Production 4.0: Legal Foundations in Europe and Potentials Through Worker Assistance Systems

The inclusion of employees with disabilities in production is an issue that has rarely been addressed by scientists from the manufacturing sector. In this article, we examine to what extent the trend towards Industry 4.0 offers potential for the inclusion of people with disabilities in Production 4.0. First, we examine relevant legal foundations and restrictions in Europe and in more detail in Austria, Italy, and Norway. Next, based on a literature review, we examine which technological aids in the form of worker assistance systems derived from Industry 4.0 can make jobs in the manufacturing sector accessible for people with disabilities. Three types of assistance systems have been examined: sensorial aid systems, physical aid systems, and cognitive aid systems. In a concluding discussion of the results, we finally summarize the implications on management and policies as well as the potential and limitations of identified worker assistance technologies. On the one hand, the study is intended to draw the attention of researchers and industrial companies to new technological possibilities for the inclusion of people with disabilities in production. On the other hand, difficulties and grievances due to the legal foundations are pointed out to stimulate a critical discussion here as well.
The demand-side determinants of multiple property ownership in Spain

Abstract Home ownership is the usual form of tenancy in Spain and is particularly widespread across all social classes for different historical and cultural reasons. In this context, multiple property ownership (MPO) is not limited to the wealthy. It takes on different forms that have different explanations. Statistics reveal the existence of millions of second homes, private rented properties and a vast number of vacant houses, all of which are illustrative of a complex residential environment. This paper aims to quantify and analyse the types of multiple property in Spain from the demand side, focusing on individual and household owners, drawing on a variety of quantitative data sources. On the aggregate level, the number and type of multiple properties varies depending on geographical factors (coast versus inland; rural versus urban) and the characteristics of the buildings. On the micro level, we have used individual variables to model the demand-side determinants of single property and MPO. This reveals that the relevant variables are not the same for the two groups. MPO in Spain is not only linked to socioeconomic status and savings capacity, pointing to the need for more differentiated explanations.
Institutional drivers of sustainability reporting in the global tourism industry

The objective of this study is to test whether institutional factors are associated with sustainability reporting adoption (i.e. presence) and the number of sustainability reports (i.e. quantity) in the tourism sector worldwide. We compiled data regarding three pillars of the institutional environment (i.e. governance, social, and environmental performance) and macroeconomic and sector-level control variables from different sources for the years from 2011 to 2016. We ran Panel Logistic and Poisson regression analyses with random effects after preliminary Pooled Logistic and Poisson regression analyses. The findings implied that the overall sustainable development of countries as measured by three indicators (i.e. governance, social, and environmental) are important forces behind a sustainable tourism industry, although they are not all encompassing. In particular, governance and ecological circumstances are more relevant than the social development of nations in disclosing sustainability information regarding the tourism industry.
Disentangling the relationship between remittances and financial development: evidence from Jamaica

ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between remittances and financial development in Jamaica using annual data from 1976 to 2016. We apply Principal Component Analysis to construct an index which captures the dimensions of different indicators of financial development. Using an ARDL approach to construct an error-correction model and the Toda-Yamamoto test to examine causality, we distinguish between the long-run and short-run dynamic linkages between remittances and financial development. Utilizing several financial development models to account for the various empirical relationships in the literature, we find that remittances promote financial development in the long run, while substituting for financial development in the short run. Additionally, the long-run effect is larger, and there is a lag before the short-run effects are realized. These findings suggest that remittances may have different roles in the process of economic development. Thus, differentiating long-run and short-run policies are likely to be important to harness the developmental impact of remittances.
Impact of Dividend Policy on Variation of Stock Prices: Empirical Study of Vietnam

This research is conducted to investigate the impact levels of dividend policy on stock prices variation in the case of the stock exchange of an emerging country − Vietnam. Data were collected from 248 listed firms on the Vietnamese stock market for the period from 2014 to 2017. By employing ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regression (QR), we found that there is a negative relationship between dividend policy and variation of stock prices. Some variables including income variation, long term liabilities and growth have positive relationships with stock price variation whereas firm size has no impact on it. We also found that firms using low dividend yields influence stock prices variation in a clearer way. The results of this study are important for management in emerging countries, and in this case Vietnam, to have a proper dividend policy because dividend policy is crucial information for stakeholders to make economic decisions.
Algorithm to Predict the Rainfall Starting Point as a Function of Atmospheric Pressure, Humidity, and Dewpoint

Forecasting extreme precipitations is one of the main priorities of hydrology in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Flood damage in urban areas increases every year, and is mainly caused by convective precipitations and hurricanes. In addition, hydrometeorological monitoring is limited in most countries in this region. Therefore, one of the primary challenges in the LAC region the development of a good rainfall forecasting model that can be used in an early warning system (EWS) or a flood early warning system (FEWS). The aim of this study was to provide an effective forecast of short-term rainfall using a set of climatic variables, based on the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship and taking into account that atmospheric water vapor is one of the variables that determine most meteorological phenomena, particularly regarding precipitation. As a consequence, a simple precipitation forecast model was proposed from data monitored at every minute, such as humidity, surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, and dewpoint. With access to a historical database of 1237 storms, the proposed model allows use of the right combination of these variables to make an accurate forecast of the time of storm onset. The results indicate that the proposed methodology was capable of predicting precipitation onset as a function of the atmospheric pressure, humidity, and dewpoint. The synoptic forecast model was implemented as a hydroinformatics tool in the Extreme Precipitation Monitoring Network of the city of Queretaro, Mexico (RedCIAQ). The improved forecasts provided by the proposed methodology are expected to be useful to support disaster warning systems all over Mexico, mainly during hurricanes and flashfloods.
The impact of an LGBT safe zone project on non-LGBT students

Lesbian , gay, bisexual , and transgender (LGBT) people in the United States continue to be marginalized, oppressed, and harassed throughout mainstream society, and college campuses are no exception. Campus administrators at many institutions of higher education have begun to address concerns of safety and inclusion for LGBT students, faculty, and staff through a variety of programs and services. Over 140 campuses are using Safe Zone programs as part of their efforts to create safe, welcoming environments for LGBT students. However, little empirical study has been conducted to assess the impact or effectiveness of these programs. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of a Safe Zone program on non-LGBT students. An on-line survey was conducted in which 324 non-LGBT undergraduate students at a large Midwestern research university were asked about their awareness of the Safe Zone program and their attitudes toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. Findings indicated that students who were aware of the program demonstrated more positive attitudes toward LGB people. This study adds to the existing literature providing justification for the implementation and continuation of Safe Zone programs. As part of a broad movement toward creating a more positive environment for LGBT people, a Safe Zone program seems to be able to positively impact the attitudes of non-LGBT students. Additionally, this study indicates that broader exposure to the program would likely have the most impact on the campus climate. This implication provides rationale for opting for a Safe Zone model that maximizes participation in the program by minimizing the commitment level and training requirements for participants.
Belief-based Equity Market Sentiment

We form a belief-based equity market sentiment index, BBS, from investors' survey-based expectations of future aggregate stock returns. BBS spans 54 years, accommodates belief heterogeneity across different investor types, and accounts for variation in the participation of these investors in the market. We show both theoretically and empirically that high BBS is linked to low future market returns and to the subsequent relative underperformance of more arbitrage-constrained stocks. Based on theories of diagnostic expectations, we derive an irrational-beliefs index from BBS, that allows us to link return predictability to investors' judgment mistakes more directly. Compared to prior empirical literature, where a clear micro-foundation for investor sentiment is missing, our results point to the representativeness heuristic as a source of sentiment and a driver of return predictability.
The BJP’s Welfare Schemes: Did They Make a Difference in the 2019 Elections?

In this article, we use data from the 2019 NES post-poll survey to assess the impact of BJP’s welfare schemes on voting behaviour. We demonstrate that compared to earlier elections, voters are more likely to give credit to the central government as opposed to state governments or local politicians for welfare schemes. This centralization is especially the case for some of the BJP’s new welfare programmes such as Ujjwala and the Jan Dhan Yojana. However, even earlier Congress-era schemes such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and the Awas Yojana are now more associated with the central government. Schemes such as the Public Distribution System (PDS) and Old Age Pensions are still more likely to be associated with state governments. At the all-India level, we find some evidence that voters who received benefits under Ujjwala, Jan Dhan Yojana or Awas Yojana schemes were more likely to vote for the BJP, whereas recipients of pensions or MGNREGA were less likely to support the BJP.
Escaping from pollution: the effect of air quality on inter-city population mobility in China

China faces severe air pollution issues due to the rapid growth of the economy, causing concerns for human physical and mental health as well as behavioral changes. Such adverse impacts can be mediated by individual avoidance behaviors such as traveling from polluted cities to cleaner ones. This study utilizes smartphone-based location data and instrumental variable regression to try and find out how air quality affects population mobility. Our results confirm that air quality does affect the population outflows of cities. An increase of 100 points in the air quality index will cause a 49.60% increase in population outflow, and a rise of 1 μg m−3 in PM2.5 may cause a 0.47% rise in population outflow. Air pollution incidents can drive people to leave their cities 3 days or a week later by railway or road. The effect is heterogeneous among workdays, weekends and holidays. Our results imply that air quality management can be critical for urban tourism and environmental competitiveness.