Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some Features of Neural Networks as Nonlinearly Parameterized Models of Unknown Systems Using an Online Learning Algorithm

This paper deals with deriving the properties of updated neural network model that is exploited to identify an unknown nonlinear system via the standard gradient learning algorithm. The convergence of this algorithm for online training the three-layer neural networks in stochastic environment is studied. A special case where an unknown nonlinearity can exactly be approximated by some neural network with a nonlinear activation function for its output layer is considered. To analyze the asymptotic behavior of the learning processes, the so-called Lyapunov-like approach is utilized. As the Lyapunov function, the expected value of the square of approximation error depending on network parameters is chosen. Within this approach, sufficient conditions guaranteeing the convergence of learning algorithm with probability 1 are derived. Simulation results are presented to support the theoretical analysis.
Timed artificial insemination protocols in dairy cattle: Functioning, shortcomings, and improvements

: Oestrus detection is currently at the top of the factors limiting the success of artificial insemination in dairy herds. This limitation becomes more pronounced as milk production increases because of higher metabolic clearance rates of steroid hormones leading to low circulating oestradiol concentration near oestrus. The standard OvSynch has overcome this problem by enabling fixed-time artificial insemination, for it synchronises follicular wave emergence, luteolysis, and ovulation. However, it did not improve fertility compared to cycles with spontaneous ovulation, which motivated the development of “fertility programs”. These later are nothing but improved OvSynch protocol. This article explains what went wrong with the original OvSynch protocol, discusses the improvements made by “fertility programs”, and highlights the advantages and limits of the newly tested molecules.
Polymedia Model on the Information-Seeking of Young Urban Indonesian on Fashion and Their Perception on Japanese and Indonesian Brands.

In the digital era, urban youth face various media – including conventional media – to seek information related to fashion. Fashion items are one of the top three things Indonesian people buy, and Japanese fashion is one of the foreign brands they can mention. The media and information exposure affect their reaction and response toward the information. This study explored and compared Indonesian urban youth's information-seeking behavior about fashion and their perceptions of Japanese and Indonesian fashion brands. Data were collected through paper and pencil questionnaires administered to 291 students at four educational institutions in two major cities, with a diversity of age, gender, place of residence, religion, and education level. This study suggested that (1) young people used various media (polymedia), both conventional and new media. Digging up information directly to fashion brand outlets was a crucial choice, (2) information-seeking behavior was related to fashion brand perceptions. Perceptions of Japanese brands were better than their Indonesian counterparts, although it varied on different demographic characteristics and diversity of information-seeking patterns. This research has several implications: (1) fashion information must be conveyed to consumers as a unique person rather than as a collective person; (2) fashion information must be delivered either through conventional media – including direct shop visits, as well as new media, (3) Need to build a product as a global brand image.
An intriguing application of telescoping sums

This note offers a simple, yet very intriguing application of telescoping sums. Particularly, the cancellation technique which is known as the method of differences is employed to establish analytically the closed-form solutions of some systems of nonlinear difference equations. The results delivered here, in addition, generalizes several results found in recent literatures.
Delft University of Technology Simulating liquid droplets A quantitative assessment of lattice Boltzmann and Volume of Fluid methods

While various multiphase flow simulation techniques have found acceptance as predictive tools for processes involving immiscible fluids, none of them can be considered universally applicable. Focusing on accurate simulation of liquid-liquid emulsions at the scale of droplets, we present a comparative assessment of the single-component multiphase pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann method (PP-LB, classical and modified) and the Volume of Fluid method (VOF, classical and modified), highlighting particular strengths and weaknesses of these techniques. We show that a modified LB model produces spurious velocities 1-3 orders of magnitude lower than all VOF models tested, and find that LB is roughly 10 times faster in computation time, ∗Corresponding author Email address: S.Mukherjee@tudelft.nl (Siddhartha Mukherjee) Preprint submitted to International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow November 8, 2017 while VOF is more versatile. Simulating falling liquid droplets, a realistic problem, we find that despite identical setups, results can vary with the technique in certain flow regimes. At lower Reynolds numbers, all methods agree reasonably well with experimental values. At higher Reynolds numbers, all methods underpredict the droplet Reynolds number, while being in good agreement with each other. Particular issues regarding LB simulations at low density ratio are emphasized. Finally, we conclude with the applicability of VOF vis-à-vis PP-LB for a general range of multiphase flow problems relevant to myriad applications.
Investigations on stratification structure parameters formed from electrical exploding wires in vacuum

The density distribution and the energy deposition in dark and light transverse layers from stratification structures were measured and analyzed from electrical exploding wire experiments in vacuum. It is demonstrated that the differences in the areal density of the dark layer and light layer regions were about 2 × 1017/cm2 at 296 ns after voltage collapsed. This difference corresponded to an energy deposition difference of ∼2 eV/atom between the dark and light layers, which likely arises from a ±10% resistivity perturbation during the explosion, as suggested by combining a gas column expansion model and a thermodynamic model.
Developing an ANFIS-based swarm concept model for estimating the relative viscosity of nanofluids

ABSTRACT Nanofluid viscosity is an important physical property in convective heat transfer phenomena. However, the current theoretical models for nanofluid viscosity prediction are only applicable across a limited range. In this study, 1277 experimental data points of distinct nanofluid relative viscosity (NF-RV) were gathered from a plenary literature review. In order to create a general model, adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) code was expanded based on the independent variables of temperature, nanoparticle diameter, nanofluid density, volumetric fraction, and viscosity of the base fluid. A statistical analysis of the data for training and testing (with R2 = .99997) demonstrates the accuracy of the model. In addition, the results obtained from ANFIS are compared to similar experimental data and show absolute and maximum average relative deviations of about 0.42 and 6.45%, respectively. Comparisons with other theoretical models from previous research is used to verify the model and prove the prediction capabilities of ANFIS. Consequently, this tool can be of huge value in helping chemists and mechanical and chemical engineers – especially those who are dealing with heat transfer applications by nanofluids – by providing highly accurate predictions of NF-RVs.
Investigating the Physics and Performance of Reverse-Oriented Film Cooling

Reverse-oriented film cooling, which consists of film cooling holes oriented to inject coolant in the opposite direction of the freestream, is experimentally and numerically investigated. Tests are conducted at various blowing ratios (M = 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0) under both low and high freestream turbulence (Tu = 0.4% and 13%), with a density ratio near unity. The interesting flow field that results from the reversejet-in-crossflow interaction is characterized using flow visualization, particle image velocimetry, and thermal field measurements. Heat transfer performance is evaluated with adiabatic film effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient measurements obtained using infrared thermography. Adiabatic effectiveness results show that reverse film cooling produces very uniform and total coverage downstream of the holes, with some reduction due to increased freestream turbulence. The reverse film cooling holes are evaluated against cylindrical holes in the conventional configuration, and were found to perform better in terms of average effectiveness and comparably in terms of net heat flux reduction, despite augmented heat transfer coefficient. Compared to shaped hole data from the current study as well as previous literature, the reverse film cooling holes generally exhibited worse heat transfer performance. The aerodynamic losses associated with the film cooling are characterized using total pressure measurements downstream of the holes. Losses from the reverse configuration were found to be higher when compared to cylindrical holes in the conventional and compound angle
Indonesian Pre-Service EFL Teachers’ Attitudes and Motivation Toward English Language Learning

Students' attitude towards language has an impact on their learning of English as a foreigner language (EFL). The significance of this language attitude cannot be overstated and may serve as a decisive factor in achieving success, alongside the learning motivation. One's language attitude is influenced by a range of factors, such as educational factors, social factors, and learner personality characteristics, among others. The objective of this investigation is to examine the perspectives of EFL pre-service teachers regarding the English language and their impetus for acquiring proficiency in English. An online survey was conducted using a Likert scale questionnaire to gather data from 80 Indonesian university students (18 males and 62 females) majoring in English education. The collected data is subsequently subjected to both qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The study's findings indicate that non-native Indonesian pre-service EFL teachers exhibit a favorable attitude towards the English language and its learning. This research has revealed that pre-service teachers exhibit a strong inclination towards instrumental motivation, indicating a positive level of motivation. This study anticipates that forthcoming advancements can enhance the process of learning by aligning it with the pertinent methodology.
A comparative study between shrinkage methods (ridge-lasso) using simulation

The general linear model is widely used in many scientific fields, especially biological ones. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimators for the coefficients of the general linear model are characterized by good specifications symbolized by the acronym BLUE (Best Linear Unbiased Estimator), provided that the basic assumptions for building the model under study are met. The failure to achieve one of the basic assumptions or hypotheses required to build the model can lead to the emergence of estimators with low bias and high variance, which results in poor performance in both prediction and explanation of the model in question. The hypothesis that there are no multiple linear relationships between the explanatory variables is considered one of the leading hypotheses on which the model is based. Thus, the emergence of this problem leads to misleading results and high (Wide) confidence limits for the estimators associated with those variables due to problems characterizing the model. Shrinkage methods are considered one of the most effective and preferable ways to eliminate the multicollinearity problem. These methods are based on addressing the multicollinearity problems by reducing the variance of estimators in the model. Ridge and Lasso methods represent the most and most common of these methods of shrinkage. The simulation was carried out for different sample sizes (40, 120, 200) and some variables (P=30, 60) in the first and second experiments arbitrarily and at the level of low, medium, and high correlation coefficients (0.2, 0.5, 0.8). When (p=30, 60) Lasso method has the smallest (MSE) than the Ridge method. The Lasso method proved its efficiency by obtaining the least MSE. Optimal Penalty parameter (λ) chosen from Cross-Validation through minimizing (MSE) of prediction. We see a rapid increase for (MSE) for both (Ridge-Lasso) where the top axis indicates the number of model variables, and when the correlation between variables increases and sample size too, we can see the (MSE) values increase in the Ridge method than the Lasso method. A ridge method gives greater efficiency when the sample size is more significant than variables (p<n), but the Ridge method cannot shrink coefficients to precisely zero. So, the elasticity of ridge coefficients decreases, but variance increases bias, also (MSE) first remains relatively constant and then increases fast.
The Effect of Plickers Implementation on 6th Grade Students’ Locus of Control (LoC) and Misconceptions

The purpose of this survey is to define the effect of Plickers implementation applied in science lessons on students’ locus of control (LoC) and misconceptions. The experimental design was determined as the single-group pre-test and post-test. 51 students studying in the 6th grade participated in the survey. The Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale (LoC) for Children and the word association test (WAT) is utilized to identify misconceptions at the beginning and end of the lesson. In results, it was observed that some of the misconceptions of the students changed after the Plickers implementation, but some of the misconceptions did not change. However, after Plickers, it was defined that the LoC points of girls decreased, and the points of boys increased. When the students were examined in general, it was defined that the post-test points they got from the scale were lower than the pre-test points. Although this result does not show any distinction, it is an indication that students’ LoC levels is visibly inclined towards inner LoC. In results of the survey, it can be suggested that the Plickers implementation be used actively in eliminating students’ misconceptions and developing their LoC.
New Insights on the Carbapenem-resistant Gram Negative-associated-Infections: Challenges and Opportunities

Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) infections represent a worldwide serious public health challenge, especially with the increased global spread of carbapenem resistance (CR) among these pathogens. There are different forms of CR including, intrinsic and acquired mechanisms, one of the most significant of which is carbapenemase production. In the last decade, the widespread plasmid-mediated carbapenemase production, on top of the chromosomally encoded carbapenemases-already abundant since the 1990s-further complicated the situation and necessitated urgent intervention to further understand and tackle this issue. In this review, the phenotypic and genotypic methods for the detection of different types of carbapenemase have been discussed. Also, the different control measures and strategies that should be applied in an attempt to control the massive spread of GNB infections especially in healthcare facilities, have been elaborated on in this article. The challenges of GNB-associated infection in terms of the emergence of resistance to carbapenems, the last line of defense against GNB, and the continuing spread of this resistance left us with almost no options for treatment as well as their complication on the host. On the other hand, we explore the various opportunities for their control such as the development of new classes of antimicrobials and the structural modification of existing ones. It is also inevitable to explore novel treatment options including the association of antimicrobial agents with non-antimicrobials, inhibition of quorum sensing, bacteriophage therapy, photodynamic therapy, and monoclonal antibodies for treatment and prevention.
Cumulative effects of dams on migratory fishes across the conterminous United States: Regional patterns in fish responses to river network fragmentation

Globally, dams fragment river networks, threatening migratory fishes which require access to distinct habitats to complete their life cycles. Efforts to understand how cumulative effects of multiple dams affect migratory fishes across large regions, such as a country or continent, could help to identify locations for connectivity‐enhancing actions to conserve migratory fishes. To address this, we evaluated cumulative effects of dams on migratory fishes in rivers across nine ecoregions of the conterminous USA. First, using fish data from thousands of sites (N = 45,989), we summarized ecoregional patterns in assemblages, quantifying the number of migratory species comprising assemblages, showing the prominence of potamodromous species across the large region as well as differences in migratory life history traits among ecoregions. Next, we compared the importance of a set of river network fragmentation metrics that captured influences of multiple dams in networks versus other anthropogenic landscape stressors and natural landscape factors that impact migratory fishes by ecoregion. We found that migratory fishes were more sensitive to cumulative dam effects than other stressors including urbanization and agriculture in the eastern USA. To further identify specific effects of environmental variables on potamodromous fishes, we conducted Boosted Regression Trees analysis in the eastern ecoregions. Our results suggested that the key natural influences on river fishes included catchment area as well as river baseflow and air temperature, suggesting that migratory fishes may be affected by changing climate. Additionally, we found that downstream dams were more influential than other human stressors to potamodromous fishes, underscoring the importance of enhancing connectivity within river networks to conserve migratory fishes. Collectively, our results provide new insights in identifying threats to migratory fish species across the USA, providing information that can aid in conserving this vulnerable but ecologically and socioeconomically important group of fishes.
Complex Organic Molecules in Taurus Molecular Cloud-1

We have observed the millimeter-wave rotational spectral lines of CH3CHO, H2CCO, cyclopropenone, and H2CO toward the cyanoployyne peak of Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1 CP). The spectral line profile of CH3CHO is found to reveal a well-separated double peak. It is similar to the line profile of CH3OH, but is much different from those of carbon-chain molecules and C34S. The different line profiles mean different distributions along the line of sight. The similarity of the spectral line profiles between CH3CHO and CH3OH suggests that CH3CHO is mainly formed on dust grains as CH3OH or through gas-phase reactions starting from CH3OH. On the other hand, the spectral line profiles of H2CCO and cyclopropenone are rather similar to those of carbon-chain molecules and C34S, implying their gas-phase productions. H2CO shows a composite spectral line profile reflecting the contributions of both gas-phase and grain-surface productions. In addition, we have detected the spectral lines of CH3CHO and HCOOCH3 toward the methanol peak near TMC-1 CP. We have also tentatively detected one line of (CH3)2O. Considering the chemical youth of TMC-1, the present results indicate that fairly complex organic species have already been formed in the early evolutionary phase of starless cores. TMC-1 is thus recognized as a novel source where formation processes of complex organic molecules can be studied on the basis of the line profiles.
A Population-Based Study of Eating Disorders in Young Persons in Malta: Prevalence in Males Nearly Equals that in Females

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of eating disorders and attitudes to food and eating for youths between 10 and 16 years of age, in order to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders in young people through empirical research in a previously unexamined area. Methods: The tool selected for this population-based study was the ChEAT, i.e. the Children’s Eating Attitudes Test. A representative cohort of 400, randomly sampled, young people aged 10-16, were asked all 26 questions of the ChEAT via telephone, while their parents/guardians were asked socio-demographic questions, Results: 5.5% (2.25% M, 3.25% F) of the cohort scored at or above the cut-off of 20, indicating the presence of an eating disorder. No significant associations were found between disordered eating and socio-demographic data. Conclusions: Findings indicate that males are catching up to females in eating disorder diagnoses. A male slightly higher mean ChEAT ≥20 could denote that disordered eating could be more acute for young men who are between 10 to 16 years old than it is for young women aged 10 to 16. The lack of significant association between the disordered eating and socio-demographic data could be a factor of the ages under examination in this study, and possibly these associations could arise at later ages.
Direct growth of InAs/GaSb type II superlattice photodiodes on silicon substrates

p-i-n InAs/GaSb type II superlattice photodiodes were directly grown on silicon substrates. The superlattice structures were grown monolithically on miscut Si substrates via a 10 nm AlSb nucleation layer. Interfacial misfit array technique was used to accommodate the large lattice mismatch between III-Sb epi-layers and Si. Atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements revealed degraded material quality of type II superlattices grown on Si, compared with the sample grown on GaAs. Photoluminescence characterization indicates comparable optical properties with about 39% deduction of peak intensity. Dark current measurements were also used to study the electrical properties of the samples.
Regularized Empirical Likelihood as a Solution to the No Moment

In this paper, we explore the finite sample properties of the generalized empirical likelihood for a continuum, applied to a linear model with endogenous regressors and many discrete moment conditions. In particular, we show that the estimator from this regularized version of GEL has finite moments. It therefore solves the issue regarding the no moment problem of empirical likelihood. We propose a data driven method to select the regularization parameter based on a cross validation criterion, and show that the method outperforms many existing methods when the number of instruments exceeds 20.
A multivariate analysis of stable and various non-stable career paths related to dentistry /

3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner o f a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.